gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arrays of light emitting diodes with integrated diffractive microlenses for board-to-board optical interconnect applications: design, modelling, and experimental assessment (1994)

As the availability at low cost of array components is of crucial importance for the large-scale application of a number of parallel optical interconnect schemes, considerable research effort has been spent to design and model source-arrays offering properly shaped, collimated beams. 1,2 In this framework, LED-arrays with diffractive lenses etched into the rear substrate side were fabricated for a board-to-board (a few mm) highly parallel (pitch 250 µm to 500 µm) free-space optical interconnect application (Fig. 1). The diffractive lenses were designed to image the LEDs at a distance of 2.5 mm behind the lens plane.
The Evolution of Technology and Neurosurgery (2014)

Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Correspondence: Ali R. Rezai MD, Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University, S2044 Davis Center, 480 Medical Center Dr., Columbus, OH 43210. E-mail: [email protected] The 2013 CNS Annual Meeting presentation on which this article is based is available at: http://bit.ly/1mX77nC. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.neurosurgery-online.com).
Insights into Li/Ni ordering and surface reconstruction during synthesis of Ni-rich layered oxides (2018)

Surface reconstruction reactions that would determine the Li/Ni ordering in Ni-rich layered materials are investigated.
Power Control Principles (2016)

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Erythropoietin concentrations in obstructive sleep apnoea. (1991)

Eight patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and a normal haemoglobin concentration underwent nocturnal studies during which oxyhaemoglobin saturation was recorded continuously with an ear oximeter and serum erythropoietin concentration was measured hourly by means of a radioimmunoassay. Serum erythropoietin concentrations remained within the normal range throughout the study despite falls in oxyhaemaglobin saturation in individuals to 33-78%. There was no relation between the degree of nocturnal hypoxaemia and serum erythropoietin concentrations. The brief cyclical episodes of hypoxaemia typical of obstructive sleep apnoea may not be a sufficient stimulus for erythropoietin secretion.
Bioimpedance-Guided Fluid Management in Hemodialysis Patients (2013)

Active fluid management guided by bioimpedance spectroscopy was associated with an improvement in overall fluid status and BP.
Strategies for control of lattice architecture in low-dimensional molecular metals: Assembly of partially oxidized face-to-face linked arrays of metallomacrocycles (1980)

This paper discusses an approach to control molecular stacking interactions in low-dimensional mixed valence materials by locking partially oxidized metallomacryocycles together in a face-to-face orientation. Thus, doping of the cofacially linked oligomers with halogen (I2, Br2) or quinone (e.g., TCNQ, DDQ) electron acceptors produces robust, electrically conductive polymers with a wide range of stoichiometries and properties. The new materials have been studied by a variety of physical methods including X-ray diffraction, resonance Raman and infrared spectroscopy, ESR, static magnetic susceptibility, and variable-temperature four-probe electrical conductivity. Evidence is presented that some of the polymers have metal-like conductivity in the stacking direction and that transport properties within the series can be readily manipulated by rational variation of lattice architecture (e.g., the identity of the metal, M) and acceptor characteristics. Additional information is presented on doping experiments with electron donors and on employing metallohemiporphyrazines as polymer building blocks.
Apparatus, system, and method for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2023)

In laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), an apparatus includes a pulsed laser configured to generate a pulsed laser signal toward a sample, a constructive interference object and an optical element, each located in a path of light from the sample. The constructive interference object is configured to generate constructive interference patterns of the light. The optical element is configured to disperse the light. A LIBS system includes a first and a second optical element, and a data acquisition module. The data acquisition module is configured to determine an isotope measurement based, at least in part, on light received by an image sensor from the first and second optical elements. A method for performing LIBS includes generating a pulsed laser on a sample to generate light from a plasma, generating constructive interference patterns of the light, and dispersing the light into a plurality of wavelengths.
Scaling Behaviors of Wireless Device-to-Device Communications with\n Distributed Caching (2012)

We analyze a novel architecture for caching popular video content to enable\nwireless device-to-device collaboration. We focus on the asymptotic scaling\ncharacteristics and show how they depends on video content popularity\nstatistics. We identify a fundamental conflict between collaboration distance\nand interference and show how to optimize the transmission power to maximize\nfrequency reuse. Our main result is a closed form expression of the optimal\ncollaboration distance as a function of the model parameters. Under the common\nassumption of a Zipf distribution for content reuse, we show that if the Zipf\nexponent is greater than 1, it is possible to have a number of D2D\ninterference-free collaboration pairs that scales linearly in the number of\nnodes. If the Zipf exponent is smaller than 1, we identify the best possible\nscaling in the number of D2D collaborating links. Surprisingly, a very simple\ndistributed caching policy achieves the optimal scaling behavior and therefore\nthere is no need to centrally coordinate what each node is caching.\n
Dijet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA (1995)

Dijet production by almost real photons has been studied at HERA with the ZEUS detector. Jets have been identified using the cone algorithm. A cut on xγOBS, the fraction of the photon energy participating in the production of the two jets of highest transverse energy, is used to define cross sections sensitive to the parton distributions in the proton and in the photon. The dependence of the dijet cross sections on pseudorapidity has been measured for xγOBS ⩾ 0.75 and xγOBS < 0.75. The former is sensitive to the gluon momentum density in the proton. The latter is sensitive to the ginon in the photon. The cross sections are corrected for detector acceptance and compared to leading order QCD calculations.
Collection of mobilized blood progenitor cells for hematopoietic rescue by large‐volume leukapheresis (1995)

Scheduled LVL, beginning on Day 14 after the administration of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor following chemotherapy, is a convenient and efficient method of collecting blood progenitor cells. The mononuclear cells so obtained effected consistent and rapid hematopoietic reconstitution in a highly reproducible manner in a group of heavily treated patients.
CREDO: A Communication-Efficient Distributed Estimation Algorithm (2018)

This paper presents Communication efficient REcursive Distributed estimatiOn algorithm, CREDO for networked multi-agent systems. CREDO caters to situations in which the agents collaboratively estimate a vector parameter by assimilating their latest sensed information and estimates from their time-varying neighborhood worker nodes over a (possibly sparse) communication graph, while adhering to a frugal communication scheme. The underlying inter-agent communication protocol is randomized and adaptively, making communications increasingly (probabilistically) sparse as time progresses. CREDO may be designed to achieve at each agent a Θ(Ct <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2+ζ</sup> ) decay of the mean square error ( , arbitrarily small) with respect to per-node communication cost Ct, which significantly improves over the existing Θ(Ct <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) rates. Simulations demonstrate CREDO 's communication efficiency.
One‐Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Elements (B, N, P)‐Doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Cell Labelling, Differentiation and Outgrowth of Neuronal Cells (2019)

Abstract Here, we report the use of the chemically modified one‐step facile hydrothermal process to develop Boron (B), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorous (P) doped carbon dots (E@CDs). The chemical characterization of the E@CDs was systematically studied by several analytical techniques that confer doping of elements by known characteristics. The obtained E@CDs had observed very homogeneous size distribution and displayed excitation dependent fluorescence properties, and high quantum yield (QY) was measured in case of B and N doping. Excellent cell viability and good cellular uptake was observed for all E@CDs. Finally, E@CDs were compared with pristine CDs on their effect on cell labelling, neural differentiation process and outgrowth of neurite network. By manipulating the doping of CDs, we can control the branching pattern and outgrowth of neuronal developments. The E@CDs are capable due to their photostability biocompatibility, and possible selective affinity towards nanomedicine applications.
Sintering of bulk high-(Tc) superconductors: Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (1992)

Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x} (2212) and (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (2223) superconductors have orthorhombic crystal structures. They form platelike grains that at high temperatures grow primarily in the a-b planes and not in the c direction. The diffusional properties of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors are so anisotropic that 2212 and 2223 cannot, in general, be densified by solid-state sintering. Improved densification can be achieved by application of pressure or by use of transient liquid phases. Most useful bulk Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors are composites that contain Ag. The Ag lowers the melting points of the superconductors, which has significant effects on microstructural development. The results of disparate sintering studies are presented and discussed.
Non-cooperative operators in a game-theoretic framework (2008)

In this paper, we address the problem of non-cooperative operators trying to maximize their profits by offering extra spectral resources to other operators starving for spectrum. An oligopoly market is used to model this game-theoretical setting where several operators seek to maximize their profit while customers try to sustain or increase their quality-of-service (QoS). In addition, a Bertrand game model is used to maximize the payoff of operators where the Nash equilibrium is computed. Simulations validate the proposed game model.
Laser processing of 3-D structures for embedded and integrated components: An application of flexible and printable nanomaterials in microelectronics (2008)

This paper discusses laser processing of polymer nanocomposites and sol-gel thin films. In particular, recent developments on vertical multilayer embedded capacitors are highlighted. A variety of flexible, transperent nanocomposite thin films ranging from 2 microns to 25 microns thick were processed on copper, or ITO, or organic substrates by large area (330 mm × 470 mm, or 495 mm × 610 mm) liquid coating processes. A frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 355 nm was used for the micromachining study. The micromachining was used to generate arrays of variable-thickness capacitors from the nanocomposites. The resultant thickness of the capacitors depends on the number of laser pulses applied. Laser micromachining was also used to make long, deep multiple channels from a capacitance layer. Spacings between two channels act as individual vertical capacitors, and parallel connection eventually produces vertical multilayer capacitors. Optical phototgraphs and SEM micrographs were used to view spacings/channels in the coatings. In the case of sol-gel thin films, micromachining results in various surface morphologies. It can make a “wavy” random 3-D structure, or can make an array of regular 3D patterns (spirals/lines) depending on laser fluence. Altogether, this is a new direction for development of multifunctional nanomaterials.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A synthetic glycolipid prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inducing TH2 bias of natural killer T cells. (2002)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a prototype autoimmune disease mediated by type 1 helper T (TH1) cells and under the control of regulatory cells. Here we report that a synthetic glycolipid ligand for CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells expressing the semi-invariant T-cell receptor (Valpha14+) is preventive against EAE. The ligand is an analogue of alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GC), a prototype NKT cell ligand, with a truncated sphingosine chain. alpha-GC causes NKT cells to produce both interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 (refs 4, 5). However, this new ligand can induce a predominant production of IL-4 by the NKT cells. A single injection of this glycolipid, but not of alpha-GC, consistently induced TH2 bias of autoimmune T cells by causing NKT cells to produce IL-4, leading to suppression of EAE. The lack of polymorphism of CD1d and cross-reactive response of mouse and human NKT cells to the same ligand indicates that targeting NKT cells with this ligand may be an attractive means for intervening in human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. PMID: 11586362
Metrology and Inspection Requirements for Successful Stacking of Integrated Circuits (2014)

New challenges for wafer metrology solutions have evolved with 3-D integrated circuit (3-D IC) manufacturing technology. The latter allows stacking single chips, electrically connecting them in the vertical direction, and forming a chip structure with significant advantages over traditional chips. However, before 3-D stacking of ICs comes to the mainstream production, numerous metrology issues need to be addressed. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate some of these challenges and also show how some of them can be surmounted. In this paper we discuss the critical in-line metrology needs for successfully stacking ICs.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors with Tyrosine Kinase Domain Mutations Exhibit Reduced Cbl Association, Poor Ubiquitylation, and Down-regulation but Are Efficiently Internalized (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors with Tyrosine Kinase Domain Mutations Exhibit Reduced Cbl Association, Poor Ubiquitylation, and Down-regulation but Are Efficiently Internalized
Dopant levels in large nanocrystals using stochastic optimally tuned range-separated hybrid density functional theory (2020)

We apply a stochastic version of an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional to provide insight on the electronic properties of P- and B-doped Si nanocrystals of experimentally relevant sizes. We show that we can use the range-separation parameter for undoped systems to calculate accurate results for dopant activation energies. We apply this strategy for tuning functionals to study doped nanocrystals up to 2.5 nm in diameter at the hybrid functional level. In this confinement regime, the P and B dopants have large activation energies and have strongly localized states that lie deep within the energy gaps. Structural relaxation plays a greater role for B-substituted dopants and contributes to the increase in activation energy when the B dopant is near the nanocrystal surface.
Study of electric fields of diffraction from spatial light modulator: discussion (2019)

A complete study of electric field vectors and efficiencies of diffraction orders for a phase pattern addressed to a pixelated spatial light modulator (SLM) is discussed here. General mathematical expressions of electric field vectors from SLM are explored here analytically for an arbitrary pattern on SLM with a given input electric field. Using the general expression, we calculate orientations of the electric fields of diffraction for sinusoidal and binary patterns of varying duty cycles. The patterns result in diffracted beams of various orders with different efficiencies calculated analytically and matching well with the experimental results. The binary pattern with 50% duty cycle delivers significant distribution of energies where all the even orders are absent, and the diffraction efficiency of the first-order beam can be close to 40% using an appropriately chosen modulation depth. Using the general expression, it is possible to obtain fields and efficiencies of diffraction for any arbitrary pattern on SLM. The discussion might help researchers using SLM in standard optics experiments.
Allyl Ethyl Sulfone (2004)

[34008-91-8] C5H10O2S (MW 134.19) InChI = 1S/C5H10O2S/c1-3-5-8(6,7)4-2/h3H,1,4-5H2,2H3 InChIKey = QVPMTBXAMZJINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used for the tin-free allylation of aliphatic iodides and xanthates under neutral conditions) Physical Data: bp 124 °C. (14 mm Hg); n22D 1.4721. Solubility: sparingly soluble in water, but soluble in most organic solvents. Preparative Methods: allyl ethylsulfone is easily prepared by oxidation of allyl ethylsulfide with 30% hydrogen peroxide/glacial acetic acid1 or, better, with hydrogen peroxide and a catalytic amount of tungstic acid2 or ammonium molybdate.3 Allylation of zinc ethylsulfinate with allyl bromide has also been reported but is less efficient.4 Purification: the reagent is best purified by distillation under reduced pressure. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the reagent must be kept away from bases, which cause a shift of the olefinic bond to give the vinylic isomer; otherwise the reagent is handled like any other organic liquid. The toxicity is not known.
Method to Convert a Horizontal Furnace to Grow ZnO Nanowires for Gas Sensing by the VLS Method. (2014)

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO), II-VI compound semiconductor with a wide band gap (3.4ev), has a stable wurtzite structure with lattice spacing a=0.325 nm and c=0.521nm. Its properties and potential for applications in photovoltaics, LED’s, spin electronics, ultraviolet light emitters, chemical sensors and transparent electronics has attracted intensive research. The objective of this thesis is to fabricate ZnO nanowires on gold coated silicon substrates using the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method. Under a constant flow of Argon gas (200mL/min), the substrates along with a mixture of ZnO and graphite powder are placed in a modified horizontal furnace which uses a 2.54 cm internally mounted quartz tube and are exposed to high temperature (527°C-1000°C) for different growth times. This reaction causes the formation of ZnO nanowires on the substrates. scanning electron microscopy is used to measure the size of the nanowires.
Supplementary Figure S6 from CD44<sup>+</sup> Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Suppress T-Cell–Mediated Immunity by Selective Constitutive and Inducible Expression of PD-L1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S6. CD44+ SCCHN cells have higher IFNÃŽÂ³R1 expression.&lt;/p&gt;
Broadband superluminescent light-emitting device at 840 nm with high performance stability (2008)

We have fabricated superluminescent light-emitting devices in the 840nm wavelength range with flat top spectral shape. The novel design allows more than 50nm bandwidth and up to 34mW of optical power at the chip facet. Moreover, the 3dB bandwidth changes by less than 2nm within a driving current range between 120mA and 200mA. This corresponds to a power level change between 17mW and 34mW, without considerable shape changes, which is one of the main concerns for many applications. The stability of the spectral bandwidth is also reflected by the central wavelength that changes by less than 1nm in the same range of currents. The device shows great stability of the optical far field with respect to the driving current, allowing stable coupling of the emitted beam in optical fibers. We have also measured the coherence function of this device using an interferometric spectrum analyzer. Results show good side-lobes suppression ratio of more than 10dB, which remains almost unchanged over the whole range of driving currents.
Outer‐Membrane Protease (OmpT) Based E. coli Sensing with Anionic Polythiophene and Unlabeled Peptide Substrate (2020)

E. coli and Salmonella are two of the most common bacterial pathogens involved in foodborne and waterborne related deaths. Hence, it is critical to develop rapid and sensitive detection strategies for near-outbreak applications. Reported is a simple and specific assay to detect as low as 1 CFU mL<sup>-1</sup> of E. coli in water within 6 hours by targeting the bacteria's surface protease activity. The assay relies on polythiophene acetic acid (PTAA) as an optical reporter and a short unlabeled peptide (LL37<sub>FRRV</sub> ) previously optimized as a substrate for OmpT, an outer-membrane protease on E. coli. LL37<sub>FRRV</sub> interacts with PTAA to enhance its fluorescence while also inducing the formation of a helical PTAA-LL37<sub>FRRV</sub> construct, as confirmed by circular dichroism. However, in the presence of E. coli LL37<sub>FRRV</sub> is cleaved and can no longer affect the conformations and optical properties of PTAA. This ability to distinguish between an intact and cleaved peptide was investigated in detail using LL37<sub>FRRV</sub> sequence variants.
Transthyretin amyloidosis: an under-recognized neuropathy and cardiomyopathy (2017)

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is an underdiagnosed and important type of cardiomyopathy and/or polyneuropathy that requires increased awareness within the medical community. Raising awareness among clinicians about this type of neuropathy and lethal form of heart disease is critical for improving earlier diagnosis and the identification of patients for treatment. The following review summarizes current criteria used to diagnose both hereditary and wild-type ATTR (ATTRwt) amyloidosis, tools available to clinicians to improve diagnostic accuracy, available and newly developing therapeutics, as well as a brief biochemical and biophysical background of TTR amyloidogenesis.
Fe2P4O12–carbon composite as a highly stable electrode material for electrochemical capacitors (2018)

A carbon–iron cyclotetraphosphate composite derived from the pyrolysis of a ferric phytate gel is demonstrated as a high-performance and highly durable capacitive material.
Longitudinal in vivo monitoring of axonal degeneration after brain injury (2023)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced axonal degeneration leads to acute and chronic neuropsychiatric impairment, neuronal death, and accelerated neurodegenerative diseases of aging, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In laboratory models, axonal degeneration is traditionally studied through comprehensive postmortem histological evaluation of axonal integrity at multiple time points. This requires large numbers of animals to power for statistical significance. Here, we developed a method to longitudinally monitor axonal functional activity before and after injury <i>in vivo</i> in the same animal over an extended period. Specifically, after expressing an axonal-targeting genetically encoded calcium indicator in the mouse dorsolateral geniculate nucleus, we recorded axonal activity patterns in the visual cortex in response to visual stimulation. <i>In vivo</i> aberrant axonal activity patterns after TBI were detectable from 3 days after injury and persisted chronically. This method generates longitudinal same-animal data that substantially reduces the number of required animals for preclinical studies of axonal degeneration.