gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Sleep Apnea Detection by Classifier Combination (2012)

To find an efficient and valid alternative of polysomnography (PSG), this paper investigates real-time sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) detection based on electrocardiograph (ECG) and saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO(2)) signals, individually and in combination. We include ten machine-learning algorithms in our classification experiment. It is shown that our proposed SpO (2) features outperform the ECG features in terms of diagnostic ability. More importantly, we propose classifier combination to further enhance the classification performance by harnessing the complementary information provided by individual classifiers. With our selected SpO(2) and ECG features, the classifier combination using AdaBoost with Decision Stump, Bagging with REPTree, and either kNN or Decision Table achieves sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy all around 82% for a minute-based real-time SAHS detection over 25 sleep-disordered-breathing suspects' full overnight recordings.
Multi-Inputs and Multi-Outputs Mems Resonator for Complex Logic Operations (2019)

Microelectromechanical systems MEMS resonatorbased computing devices have recently attracted significant attention due to their simplicity and potential toward energy efficient computing machines. Lately, there have been successful demonstrations of fundamental logic gates. However, the realization of complex multifunctional logic gates that require multi-input and multi-output lines have faced some obstacles, such as the interconnections between multiple resonators and the increase in device complexity due to the large required arrays of resonators. This paper demonstrates a 1:2 demux combinational logic gate from the first and the second vibrational modes of a single MEMS microstructure. The MEMS device consists of three connected inplane microbeams forming a U-shape. The microbeams can be electrostatically actuated individually or collectively.
Communicating and resolving entity references (2014)

Statements about entities occur everywhere, from newspapers and web pages to structured databases. Correlating references to entities across systems that use different identifiers or names for them is a widespread problem. In this paper, we show how shared knowledge between systems can be used to solve this problem. We present "reference by description", a formal model for resolving references. We provide some results on the conditions under which a randomly chosen entity in one system can, with high probability, be mapped to the same entity in a different system.
Scaffold Hopping to Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-one Positive Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate 2 Receptor (2021)

Glutamate hyperfunction is implicated in multiple neurological and psychiatric diseases. Activation of the mGlu2 receptor results in reduced glutamate release and decreased excitability representing a promising novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of disorders such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, mood, anxiety, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. We have previously reported substantial efforts leading to potent and selective mGlu2 PAMs from different chemical series. Herein, the discovery and optimization of a novel series of imidazopyrazinone mGlu2 PAMs are reported. This new scaffold originated from computational searching of fragment databases and comparison with our previously explored scaffolds. Optimization guided by our robust understanding of SAR from former series led to potent, selective, and brain-penetrant compounds.
Quantitative Determination of Competitive Molecular Adsorption on Gold Nanoparticles Using Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (2011)

Surface-sensitive quantitative studies of competitive molecular adsorption on nanoparticles were conducted using a modified attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy method. Adsorption isotherms for thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (SH-PEG) on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a function of molecular mass (1, 5, and 20 kDa) were characterized. We find that surface density of SH-PEG on AuNPs is inversely proportional to the molecular mass (M(m)). Equilibrium binding constants for SH-PEG, obtained using the Langmuir adsorption model, show the binding affinity for SH-PEG is proportional to M(m). Simultaneous competitive adsorption between mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and 5 kDa SH-PEG (SH-PEG5K) was investigated, and we find that MPA concentration is the dominant factor influencing the surface density of both SH-PEG5K and MPA, whereas the concentration of SH-PEG5K affects only SH-PEG5K surface density. Electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) was employed as an orthogonal characterization technique. ES-DMA results are consistent with the results obtained by ATR-FTIR, confirming our conclusions about the adsorption process in this system. Ligand displacement competitive adsorption, where the displacing molecular species is added after completion of the ligand surface binding, was also interrogated by ATR-FTIR. Results indicate that for SH-PEG increasing M(m) yields greater stability on AuNPs when measured against displacement by bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model serum protein. In addition, the binding affinity of BSA to AuNPs is inhibited for SH-PEG conjugated AuNPs, an effect that is enhanced at higher SH-PEG M(m) values.
Development of next-generation system-on-package (SOP) technology based on silicon carriers with fine-pitch chip interconnection (2005)

System-on-Package (SOP) technology based on silicon carriers has the potential to provide modular design flexibility and high-performance integration of heterogeneous chip technologies and to support robust chip manufacturing with high-yield/low-cost chips for a wide range of two- and three-dimensional product applications. Key technology enablers include silicon through-vias, high-density wiring, high-I/O chip interconnection, and supporting test and assembly technologies. The silicon through-vias are a key feature permitting efficient area array signal, power, and ground interconnection through these thinned silicon packages. High-density wiring and high-density chip I/O interconnection can enable tight integration of heterogeneous chip technologies which approximate the performance of an integrated system-on-chip with a “virtual chip” using the silicon package for integration. Silicon carrier fabrication leverages existing manufacturing capability and mid-UV lithography to provide very dense package wiring following CMOS back-end-of-line design rules. Further, the thermal expansion of the silicon carrier package matches the chip, which helps maintain reliability even as the high-density chip microbump interconnections scale to smaller size. In addition to heterogeneous chip integration, SOP products may leverage the integration of passive components, active devices, and electro-optic structures to enhance system-level performance while also maintaining functional test capability and known good chips when needed. This paper describes the technical challenges and recent progress made in the development of silicon carrier technology for potential new applications.
Maximizing Fiber Cable Capacity Under A Supply Power Constraint Using Deep Neural Networks (2020)

We experimentally achieve a 19% capacity gain per Watt of electrical supply power in a 12-span link by eliminating gain flattening filters and optimizing launch powers using deep neural networks in a parallel fiber context.
Experimental determination of refractive index of condensed reflectin in squid iridocytes (2014)

Loliginid squid dynamically tune the structural iridescence of cells in their skin for active camouflage and communication. Bragg reflectors in these cells consist of membrane-bound lamellae periodically alternating with low refractive index extracellular spaces; neuronal signalling induces condensation of the reflectin proteins that fill the lamellae, consequently triggering the expulsion of water. This causes an increase in refractive index within the lamellae, activating reflectance, with the change in lamellar thickness and spacing progressively shifting the wavelength of reflected light. We used micro-spectrophotometry to measure the functionally relevant refractive index of the high-index lamellae of the Bragg reflectors containing the condensed reflectins in chemically fixed dermal iridocytes of the squid, Doryteuthis opalescens. Our high-magnification imaging spectrometer allowed us to obtain normalized spectra of optically distinct sections of the individual, subcellular, multi-layer Bragg stacks. Replacement of the extracellular fluid with liquids of increasing refractive index allowed us to measure the reflectivity of the Bragg stacks as it decreased progressively to 0 when the refractive index of the extracellular medium exactly matched that of the reflectin-filled lamellae, thus allowing us to directly measure the refractive index of the reflectin-filled lamellae as ncondensed lamellae ≈ 1.44. The measured value of the physiologically relevant ncondensed lamellae from these bright iridocytes falls within the range of values that we recently determined by an independent optical method and is significantly lower than values previously reported for dehydrated and air-dried reflectin films. We propose that this directly measured value for the refractive index of the squid's Bragg lamellae containing the condensed reflectins is most appropriate for calculations of reflectivity in similar reflectin-based high-index layers in other molluscs.
Effector mechanism in the response of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia to snail‐conditioned water (1980)

Schistosoma mansoni miracidia respond to snail-conditioned water (SCW) by sharply increasing their rate of turning when they encounter abrupt decreases in stimulant concentration (Roberts et al., '79). We examined the role of the cilia and the subepithelial muscles in the turning behavior of stimulated miracidia. Several lines of evidence indicated that miracidia do not turn by altering their ciliary beat. Ciliary beating on detergent-treated miracidia was reactivated using solutions containing ATP and Mg2+. These organisms were unable to turn spontaneously, a characteristic of live miracidia. Several divalent cations which stimulate increased turning of intact miracidia failed to support ciliary reactivation of detergent-treated organisms. Further, intact miracidia increased their rate of turning in gradients of Mg2+, but detergent-treated organisms swimming in reactivation solution did not turn in Mg2+ gradients. High speed cinematography of intact miracidia swimming in gradients of SCW or Mg2+ illustrated that turning is invariably accompanied by flexion of the body. This bending occurred only at the transverse interciliary ridges between the first and second, and second and third tiers of ciliated plates. Flexion was not observed at the interciliary ridge between the third and fourth tiers of plates, suggesting that miracidia turn by contracting specific portions of their subepithelial musculature.
Adult expression of a 3q13.31 microdeletion (2014)

Later-onset conditions like schizophrenia are increasingly associated with rare copy number variations and associated genomic disorders like the 3q13.31 microdeletion syndrome. Detailed phenotype information across the lifespan facilitates genotype-phenotype correlations, accurate genetic counselling, and anticipatory care.
Topical vitamin A treatment of recalcitrant common warts (2012)

Retinoids should be further investigated in controlled studies to determine their effectiveness in treating common warts and the broad range of other benign and cancerous lesions induced by HPVs.
Three-dimensional model for capillary nanobridges and capillary forces (2007)

This paper presents a model for the computation of capillary forces (applied to water capillary condensation). For simple geometries (planes, spheres, cones, etc), this model complies well with the literature results. But the literature only provides results for simple shapes and meniscii geometries. Our model allows the computation of capillary force for non-axisymmetrical shapes, with a meniscus fulfilling the Kelvin equation (i.e. we do not assume the profile of the meniscus). Currently the model takes into account the contact angles, the relative humidity, temperature and the geometrical description of the problem. The complexity of the problem can result from object shape (modelling for example an AFM tip) and/or from geometrical configuration. Using the model, this article shows that the tilt angle of a tip cannot be neglected when computing capillary forces. It is also shown that the difference between a cone and a pyramid has a significant effect on the computation of the force. The authors propose a simplified formula to determine capillary forces for a range of tips from existing results for similar tips. Eventually, the paper also shows that this geometrical effect can be used to control the force between a tip and an object, allowing to pick it up and release it. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Thermodynamic Properties of Key Organic Oxygen Compounds in the Carbon Range C1 to C4. Part 1. Properties of Condensed Phases (1985)

A survey of the published values of heat capacity and enthalpy obtained from calorimetric measurements on the crystal, glass, and liquid phases of the first few members of homologous series expressed as polynomial functions of temperature were fit to selected data by a least squares procedure. Tables of smoothed values of thermodynamic properties, derived from these functions, are presented for 38 compounds.
Managing chaos : strategies for identifying change in English (2007)

Many changes in the history of the English language give the appearance of a chaotic system, since they seem to resist the methods of analysis developed by historical linguists over the course of two centuries of modern research. In studies on all periods, many of the world's leading scholars of the English language recommend specific strategies for accounting for the seeming disarray of changes.
Conductive inks for metalization in integrated polymer microsystems (2023)

A system of metalization in an integrated polymer microsystem. A flexible polymer substrate is provided and conductive ink is applied to the substrate. In one embodiment the flexible polymer substrate is silicone. In another embodiment the flexible polymer substrate comprises poly(dimethylsiloxane).
11th Compiler-Driven Performance Workshop (2012)

The workshop on Compiler-Driven Performance provided an important opportunity for academic researchers, and industry researchers and developers from across Canada and in the United States to meet to examine state-of-the-art compiler technology and to discuss future directions for research and development.
Human Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity: Exploration of Dependence on Mean Color (2000)

We report preliminary results of an experiment measuring contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency, location in color space and direction of variation. Observers viewed bipartite fields containing sinusoidal gratings on one side and a uniform field on the other, having the same mean color. The experiment used a forced choice paradigm to measure thresholds for a large number of observers and a large number of mean color/spatial frequency/direction of variation combinations, although no one observer saw every combination. While early data is noisy, we have found contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency, on average, when any of L*, a*, b*, C* or Hab is varied. We have not yet found any meaningful dependency on any independent variable other than spatial frequency, such as C*, as would be expected from such color difference metrics as CIE &#x394;E94 or &#x394;ECMC.
Investigation of vitrification by nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry in honey: a model carbohydrate system (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of vitrification by nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry in honey: a model carbohydrate systemCarmel A. Rubin, John M. Wasylyk, and John G. BaustCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 9, 1824–1827Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00099a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (512 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Light‐Triggered Myosin Activation for Probing Dynamic Cellular Processes (2011)

Shining light on myosin: The incorporation of a caging group onto the essential phosphoserine residue of myosin by protein semisynthesis enables light-triggered activation of the protein (see picture). Caging eliminates the myosin activity, but exposure to 365 nm light restores its function to native levels. The caged protein can also be introduced into cells to facilitate studies of myosin with precise spatial and temporal resolution. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Copper—Gold Alloys in Catalysis: Current Status and Future Perspectives (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oculomotor Phenotypes in Autosomal Dominant Ataxias (1998)

The oculomotor findings are consistent with pure cerebellar involvement in SCA6, pontine involvement in SCA1 and SCA2, and vestibular nerve or nuclei involvement in SCA3. These phenotypes can be useful for clinical diagnosis and for investigating the mechanism of system specificity with the SCA syndromes.
Normal, Fused, and Degenerative Cervical Spines: A Comparative Study of Three-Dimensional in Vivo Kinetics (2008)

Liu, Fei PhD1; Cheng, Joseph S. MD, MS1; Komistek, Richard D. PhD1; Mahfouz, Mohamed R. PhD1 Author Information
Recombinant cathepsin S propeptide attenuates cell invasion by inhibition of cathepsin L–like proteases in tumor microenvironment (2008)

Human cathepsin L along with cathepsin S, K, and V are collectively known as cathepsin L-like proteases due to their high homology. The overexpression and aberrant activity of each of these proteases has been implicated in tumorigenesis. These proteases contain propeptide domains that can potently inhibit both their cognate protease and other proteases within the cathepsin L-like subfamily. In this investigation, we have produced the cathepsin S propeptide recombinantly and have shown that it is a potent inhibitor of the peptidolytic, elastinolytic, and gelatinolytic activities of the cathepsin L-like proteases. In addition, we show that this peptide is capable of significantly attenuating tumor cell invasion in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Furthermore, fusion of an IgG Fc-domain to the COOH terminus of the propeptide resulted in a chimeric protein with significantly enhanced ability to block tumor cell invasion. This Fc fusion protein exhibited enhanced stability in cell-based assays in comparison with the unmodified propeptide species. This approach for the combined inhibition of the cathepsin L-like proteases may prove useful for the further study in cancer and other conditions where their aberrant activity has been implicated. Furthermore, this strategy for simultaneous inhibition of multiple cysteine cathepsins may represent the basis for novel therapeutics to attenuate tumorigenesis.
Drainage of foam films in the presence of nonionic micelles (2008)

The stratification (step-wise thinning) of horizontal foam films formed from micelar solutions of nonionic surfactants is studied experimentally. The effects of film area, temperature, oil solubilization, surfactant and electrolyte concentrations are investigated. The data support the colloid crystal model of stratification, according to which the step-wise thinning is due to a layer-by-layer destruction of an ordered structure of spherical nonionic micelles inside the film. The analysis of the data shows that the main factor governing the stratification is the volume fraction of the micelles. This fact leads to an unified interpretation of the observed effects, both with nonionic and with anionic surfactant solutions.
Metastatic tumor cell variants with increased resistance to infection by Semliki Forest virus. (1981)

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is an interesting virus for cell interaction studies because it binds directly to the cells' major histocompatibility antigens. We used this reagent to study the expression and functional properties of H-2 molecules on murine tumor lines that are closely related but differ greatly in metastatic capacity. Tumor cell variants with high metastatic capacity showed an increased resistance to virus infection, an effect that was selective for SFV. Although the high metastatic tumor lines did not express less H-2 antigens than the low metastatic ones, they bound much less of the SFV viral glycoproteins.
Ordered oxygen phases in epitaxial Nb(110) layers (2001)

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies during the atmospheric oxidation of epitaxial Nb(110) thin films at elevated temperature reveal the formation of highly ordered oxygen phases within the Nb(110) lattice. The oxygen is stored on interstitial lattice sites leading to an out-of-plane expansion of up to 4.3% without destroying the basic structure of the Nb host lattice. During a complete oxidation process of a 5000 \AA{} Nb layer we observe the formation of a nonordered lattice gas phase succeeded by a well defined sequence of oxygen superstructures until finally the whole film is transformed into amorphous ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}.$