gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smectic liquid crystal alignment using mechanically rubbedn-octadecylsiloxane self-assembled monolayers (2002)

In recent years a variety of techniques has appeared for the fabrication and manipulation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). This development now offers new tools for the study and control at the molecular level of the interaction of liquid crystals (LCs) with solid surfaces, a research area of great importance for liquid crystal applications. In this paper we show that mechanically rubbed octadecylsiloxane SAMs generate a novel surface alignment of LCs in which the in-plane surface anisotropy usually accompanying rubbing is operative, but only for smectics in which the mean molecular long axis, [ncirc], is tilted from the layer normal. On our SAMs smectic phases align with the layers parallel to the SAM surface, and in tilted smectics the surface component of [ncirc] is along the rubbing direction. This anisotropy is absent in the nematic phases which align with [ncirc] strictly normal to the surface. This behaviour can be understood in terms of a rubbed SAM monolayer surface, which is low energy, molecularly smooth, and rendered anisotropic by the rubbing. UV irradiation of rubbed SAMs gave excellent planar alignment ([ncirc] parallel to the surface). This type of control over LC alignment has not been previously reported.
Caspase‐8 acts as a key upstream executor of mitochondria during justicidin A‐induced apoptosis in human hepatoma cells (2006)

Justicia procumbens is a traditional Taiwanese herbal remedy used to treat fever, pain, and cancer. Justicidin A, isolated from Justicia procumbens, has been reported to suppress in vitro growth of several tumor cell lines as well as hepatoma cells. In this study, justicidin A activated caspase-8 to increase tBid, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi(m)), and caused the release of cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO in Hep 3B and Hep G2 cells. Justicidin A also reduced Bcl-x(L) and increased Bax and Bak in mitochondria. Caspase-8 inhibitor (Z-IETD) attenuated the justicidin A-induced disruption of Delta psi(m). Growth of Hep 3B implanted in NOD-SCID mice was suppressed significantly by oral justicidin A (20 mg/kg/day). These results indicate that justicidin A-induced apoptosis in these cells proceeds via caspase-8 and is followed by mitochondrial disruption.
A coaxial-type 1.3/1.55 μm WDM-PD module for optical access networks (1996)

A new 1.3/1.55 /spl mu/m WDM/photodiode(PD) module has been designed and fabricated for use in optical access networks. A 1.3 /spl mu/m-PD and a 1.55 /spl mu/m-PD were arranged in series along the optical axis in a coaxial package. The 1.3 /spl mu/m-PD with an In/sub 0.66/Ga/sub 0.34/As/sub 0.76/P/sub 0.24/ photosensitive layer (/spl lambda//sub g/=1.42 /spl mu/m) absorbs 1.3 /spl mu/m digital optical signals and it is transparent to 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength. The 1.55 /spl mu/m-PD with an In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As photosensitive layer absorbs 1.55 /spl mu/m analog optical signals. Responsivity of the module is 0.82 A/W at 1.31 /spl mu/m wavelength and 0.75 A/W at 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength, respectively. IMD2 of the 1.55 /spl mu/m-PD measured by two-tone method was -76.1 dBc at Pf(1.55 /spl mu/m) of -6 dBm. Bit error rate (BER) of the 1.3 /spl mu/m-PD was measured at 28.8 Mb/s by using an amplifier with bandwidth of 200 MHz and was found to be less than 10/sup -8/ at Pf(1.3 /spl mu/m) of -30 dBm.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophile‐Mediated Cyclizations Involving the Allene π‐System. Stereoselectivity and Synthetic Utility of Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Heteroatom Cyclization Reactions. X‐Ray Molecular Structure of Methyl 2‐(trans‐3‐ Phenyl‐N‐(p‐tolylsulfonyl)pyrrolidin‐2‐yl)acrylate. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photo‐Switchable Surface Topologies in Chiral Nematic Coatings (2011)

Licht im Dunkel: Dynamische lichtresponsive Polymerfilmtopologien wurden durch den Einbau von Azobenzolvernetzern in flüssigkristalline Polymernetzwerke hergestellt (siehe Bild). Das Funktionsprinzip dieser Filme basiert auf dem Bruch der molekularen Ordnung des flüssigkristallinen Polymernetzwerks. Bei UV-Bestrahlung isomerisiert das Azobenzol von der trans- in die cis-Konformation.
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor family mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (2006)

KIT and PDGFRA are the most commonly mutated type III receptor tyrosine kinase genes in GIST. GISTs with PDGFRA mutations often have reduced expression of the KIT protein in immunohistochemistry, suggesting that immunohistochemistry may be potentially useful in identification of such GISTs.
DESIGN CHOICES FOR WEAK-CONSISTENCY GROUP COMMUNICATION (1992)

This paper was written using Refdbms. Richard Golding was supported in part by a fellowship from the Santa Cruz Operation, and by the Concurrent Systems Project at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. Darrell Long was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant NSF CCR-9111220 and by the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-92-J-1807. References
Coercive field dependence on Mg concentration in MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ (2001)

Summary form only given. MgO-doped LiNbO/sub 3/ (MgO:LN) has attracted much attention in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) wavelength conversion due to high resistance to photorefractive damage and low coercive field allowing a large aperture device. Since first measurement of the coercive field, the crystal has be- come popular in QPM application and recent works have been verifying high performance of the material. To improve device characteristics, characterization of the domain movement is required for a device with larger aperture. We report in-situ monitored poling process and coercive field dependence on Mg content in MgO:LN.
Expanding the scope and utility of the pyrrolinone peptidomimetic scaffold: Structural, biological and methodological advances (2005)

Estrogen modulates synaptic plasticity, an important mechanism of memory storage. Previously, we have reported that estrogen rapidly increases the expression of Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein), a key protein for synaptic plasticity, via non-genomic phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K)-, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-, and estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent pathways in SH-SY5Y cells. The present study aimed to investigate the role of each ER subtype, alpha and beta, in synaptic plasticity in SH-SY5Y cells. The specific agonist of ER beta (DPN) markedly induced Arc expression that mimics treatment with estrogen, but not ER alpha (PTT). Determination of subcellular localization of ER beta using immunocytochemistry shows that ER beta was retained in the cytoplasm of the untreated cells. In estrogen-treated cells, the membrane and cytosolic ER beta gradually decreased, while nuclear ER beta progressively increased in time-dependent manner, suggesting estrogen-dependent nuclear translocation of ER beta. Nuclear accumulation of ER beta at 6-12h post-estrogen treatment, leads to increased PSD-95 and SYP mRNA expression, indicating the classical genomic estrogenic action on synaptic plasticity. However, the block of PI-3K signaling by Wortmannin partially suppressed estrogen (48 h)-induced PSD-95 and SYP expression, suggesting a crosstalk mechanism between genomic and non-genomic actions of estrogen on synaptic plasticity. Therefore, the estrogen-enhanced synaptic plasticity is ER beta-dependent and involves the crosstalk mechanism of non-genomic and genomic estrogenic actions.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer and Photovoltaic Response of a MDMO‐PPV:TiO2 Bulk‐Heterojunction (2003)

Combining conjugated poylmers and TiO 2 in hybrid bulk‐heterojunctions is a promising method for producing novel solar cells. Here TiO 2 is introduced into a poly( p ‐phenylene vinylene) layer. Nanometer‐scale phase separation allows efficient photoinduced charge transfer between the two components. The films can be used as the active layer in a photovoltaic cell and provide external quantum efficiencies of up to 11 % (see Figure).
Inflation, Trade Frictions, and Productive Activity in a Multiple-Matching Model of Money (2000)

This paper investigates the relationship between money growth, inflation, and productive activity in a general equilibrium model of search. The use of a multiple-matching technique, where trade frictions are captured by limited consumption variety, allows us to study price determination in a search-theoretic environment with divisible money and goods. In our basic framework, productive activity and matching in the goods market are endogenized by a time allocation decision of work and shopping effort. We find that in such an environment, a positive feedback between shopping and work effort decisions creates a channel by which inflation can positively influence productive activity. This feature also creates the possibility of multiple steady state equilibria when household preferences for variety is sufficiently great. We also consider an alternative means of endogenizing the matching technology through endogenous firm entry. Consistent with the findings of our basic framework, the importance of search frictions continues to be essential for the non-uniqueness of equilibria and an additional channel which links money growth to real activity.
XeF ground-state dissociation and vibrational equilibration (1979)

The time evolution of the population in XeF ground-electronic-state vibrational levels is studied using a laser-induced fluorescence technique. The results indicate that a quasiequilibrium distribution is rapidly established within the vibrational manifold and that the dissociation rate of the molecular ground state as a whole is (1.4±0.3) ×104 sec−1 Torr.−1.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI does not reflect kidney fibrosis in a rat model of fibrosis (2015)

Compared to the in vivo measurements, postmortem renal ADCs were considerably reduced and, unlike in vivo, fibrotic kidneys exhibited consistently higher ADC compared to healthy kidney parenchyma. Our data suggest that in vivo ADC is unlikely to be a direct measure of renal fibrosis.
Some Technical Issues on Continuous Subcriticality Monitoring by a Digital Reactivity Meter during Criticality Approach (2005)

It has been proposed that a digital reactivity meter can be used for not only subcriticality measurement but also continuous subcriticality monitoring during criticality approach. In this study, a mock up numerical simulation was carried out to investigate some technical issues that still exist. These are sampling interval, time lag of estimated subcriticality due to filtering effect as well as due to the error contribution to the initial reference subcriticality and the way to avoid time lag of estimated subcriticality from safety point of view. It was found that there is influence of sampling interval on the reactivity fluctuation. Filter can cause time lag of estimated subcriticality when a large filter time constant is used. In subcriticality monitoring, the error contribution to the initial reference subcriticality obtained by some design calculation should be investigated to detect accurately an unexpected criticality as earlier as possible. It was known that the negative error contribution to the initial reference subcriticality should be used from safety point of view. We have analytically obtained the relation between the error of the initial reference subcriticality, ramp rate of reactivity addition, warning subcriticality and the margin of the time interval for the counter action.
Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus Causes Coagulopathy in Chickens (2006)

Severe hemorrhage at multiple organs is frequently observed in chickens infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A viruses. In this study we examined whether HPAI virus infection leads to coagulation disorder in chickens. Pathological examinations showed that the fibrin thrombi were formed in arterioles at the lung, associated with the viral antigens in endothelial cells of chickens infected intravenously with HPAI virus. Hematological analyses of peripheral blood collected from the chickens revealed that coagulopathy was initiated at early stage of infection when viral antigens were detected only in the endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, gene expression of the tissue factor, the main initiator of blood coagulation, was upregulated in the spleen, lung, and brain of HPAI virus-infected chickens. These results suggest that dysfunction of endothelial cells and monocytes/macrophages upon HPAI virus infection may induce hemostasis abnormalities represented by the excessive blood coagulation and consumptive coagulopathy in chickens.
Receptor Polymorphism and Genomic Structure Interact to Shape Bitter Taste Perception (2015)

The ability to taste bitterness evolved to safeguard most animals, including humans, against potentially toxic substances, thereby leading to food rejection. Nonetheless, bitter perception is subject to individual variations due to the presence of genetic functional polymorphisms in bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) genes, such as the long-known association between genetic polymorphisms in TAS2R38 and bitter taste perception of phenylthiocarbamide. Yet, due to overlaps in specificities across receptors, such associations with a single TAS2R locus are uncommon. Therefore, to investigate more complex associations, we examined taste responses to six structurally diverse compounds (absinthin, amarogentin, cascarillin, grosheimin, quassin, and quinine) in a sample of the Caucasian population. By sequencing all bitter receptor loci, inferring long-range haplotypes, mapping their effects on phenotype variation, and characterizing functionally causal allelic variants, we deciphered at the molecular level how a subjects' genotype for the whole-family of TAS2R genes shapes variation in bitter taste perception. Within each haplotype block implicated in phenotypic variation, we provided evidence for at least one locus harboring functional polymorphic alleles, e.g. one locus for sensitivity to amarogentin, one of the most bitter natural compounds known, and two loci for sensitivity to grosheimin, one of the bitter compounds of artichoke. Our analyses revealed also, besides simple associations, complex associations of bitterness sensitivity across TAS2R loci. Indeed, even if several putative loci harbored both high- and low-sensitivity alleles, phenotypic variation depended on linkage between these alleles. When sensitive alleles for bitter compounds were maintained in the same linkage phase, genetically driven perceptual differences were obvious, e.g. for grosheimin. On the contrary, when sensitive alleles were in opposite phase, only weak genotype-phenotype associations were seen, e.g. for absinthin, the bitter principle of the beverage absinth. These findings illustrate the extent to which genetic influences on taste are complex, yet arise from both receptor activation patterns and linkage structure among receptor genes.
Lincoln Strategy Area: growth study (2015)

A study commissioned by the Central Lincolnshire Local Plan Team to consider spatial options for growth in and around Lincoln. A key aim of the study was to define an appropriate Lincoln Strategy Area and to recommend an optimum spatial strategy within that area over the next 20 years that would meet the twin objectives of sustainability and deliverability.
Energy of Molecularly Adsorbed Water on Clean Pt(111) and Pt(111) with Coadsorbed Oxygen by Calorimetry (2011)

The heat of adsorption and sticking probability of D2O were measured on Pt(111) with and without preadsorbed oxygen adatoms as a function of D2O coverage using single-crystal adsorption calorimetry from 88 to 120 K. In this temperature range, water adsorbs molecularly on both surfaces, and, at multilayer coverages, forms amorphous solid water on Pt(111). The integral heat of adsorption at a D2O coverage of 0.5 ML on clean Pt(111) was found to be 51.3 ± 1.6 kJ/mol at 120 K, 4.1 kJ/mol larger than in the multilayer. Its change with temperature gives a heat capacity for the adlayer islands of 130 ± 83 J/(mol K). This heat of adsorption at 120 K provides a standard enthalpy of formation of adsorbed D2O on Pt(111) of −301 kJ/mol at 120 K and a D2O coverage of 0.5 ML, which we attribute to water islands in the (√37 × √37)R25.3° structure based on prior structural studies. The integral heat of molecular adsorption of D2O at 120 K on Pt(111) predosed with 0.25 ML of oxygen adatoms was ∼55.0 kJ/mol at 0.5 ML, 3.7 ± 0.5 kJ/mol larger than with no O present. The heat of adsorption in the multilayer regime at 120 K (when growing amorphous solid water) was found to be 47.2 ± 1.4 kJ/mol, consistent with previous measurements.
Hamiltonian-driven adaptive dynamic programming for nonlinear discrete-time dynamic systems (2017)

In this paper, based on the Hamiltonian, an alternative interpretation about the iterative adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) approach from the perspective of optimization is developed for discrete time nonlinear dynamic systems. The role of the Hamiltonian in iterative ADP is explained. The resulting Hamiltonian driven ADP is able to evaluate the performance with respect to arbitrary admissible policies, compare two different admissible policies and further improve the given admissible policy. The convergence of the Hamiltonian ADP to the optimal policy is proven. Implementation of the Hamiltonian-driven ADP by neural networks is discussed based on the assumption that each iterative policy and value function can be updated exactly. Finally, a simulation is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the presented Hamiltonian-driven ADP.
Determination of selenium in fish from designated critical habitat in the Gunnison River, Colorado, March through October, 2012 (2013)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (F) as follows:
Application of robotics in adnexal surgery. (2013)

This review discusses in detail robotic tubal reanastomosis as one of the classic reproductive surgery procedures. Other applications of robotics in adnexal surgery are also reviewed, including adult and pediatric adnexectomy, resection of endometriosis, benign ovarian mass resection, early ovarian cancer resection and staging, ovarian transposition, and treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome and ovarian vein syndrome.
RF-power: driver for electrostatic RF-MEMS devices (2004)

The RF-power handling capability is an important characteristic for RF-MEMS switching devices. Apart from excessive heat dissipation, the power handling capability is mainly limited by the so-called self-biasing and/or RF-latching. These two phenomena result from the fact that the available RF-power from the source induces a non-zero electrostatic pulling force on the suspended structure. So far, self-biasing of RF-MEMS switches has always been studied assuming a perfect match of the device to the network in the ON-state (i.e. no reflection) and thus a fixed dc-equivalent rms voltage on the capacitor. If the RF-power exceeds a critical value, pull-in or self-biasing occurs. In practice, however, the assumption of the perfect match is not correct as the switch capacitance increases with increasing RF-power. This will cause a change in the reflected signal and thus a decrease in the dc-equivalent voltage source. This paper gives a new insight into the RF-power handling of RF-MEMS shunt switches and, per extension, of RF-MEMS shunt tunable capacitors. We analytically show how the negative feedback on the electrostatic force introduced by the capacitive mismatch changes the pull-in characteristics of the structure and can even stabilize it, totally avoiding the pull-in phenomenon.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Quinolones Containing a 7‐( 3‐(1‐Amino‐1‐methylethyl)‐1‐pyrrolidinyl) Moiety. Gram‐Positive Agents with Excellent Oral Activity and Low Side‐Effect Potential. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Research in Moral Education: The Contribution of P4C to the Moral Growth of Students (2020)

Moral education and moral growth are very important topics, and have been so as much in the fields of moral psychology and moral education as in the policies of governments and international institutions over the past decades. These two topics are also central themes within the educational proposal of Philosophy for Children (P4C), as seen in theoretical reflection and in educational research. It is necessary to start from a more global approach to moral growth, focused on the development of capacities. Such abilities are to be understood as virtues or personality traits that enable us to achieve a full life, that is, to become good people. The transformation of classrooms into communities of philosophical inquiry, following the educational guidelines of P4C, can contribute to the achievement of this objective. Here we present the psychological and methodological underpinnings of an educational research project that we are applying to a small sample that includes two groups—experimental and control—in a typical classroom environment. We are administering tests at the beginning and the end of the application of a moral education model according to the basic principles of Philosophy for Children. The objective is to verify that our research design could be used to evaluate the contribution of this educational model to the students’ moral growth, understood as the consolidation of the students’ moral habits and competences.
A Low Power Hardware Implementation of Izhikevich Neuron using Stochastic Computing (2018)

This paper introduces the hardware implementation of one of the most popular spiking neuron models which is Izhikevich model. The main target of this implementation is to reduce area and power consumed by the Spiking Neural Network (SNN) neurons as the SNN consists of a large number of neurons to mimic the human brain. Therefore, stochastic computing techniques are used to perform the squaring term that consumes much of the power in the Izhikevich neuron model equations. A hardware implementation of the model is proposed to show the area and power consumption to help the SNN designers to choose between stochastic-based multipliers and the approximate multipliers considering their power, area, and accuracy constraints.