gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramural optical mapping of Vm and Cai2+ during long-duration ventricular fibrillation in canine hearts (2012)

Intramural gradients of intracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(i)(2+)) Ca(i)(2+) handling, Ca(i)(2+) oscillations, and Ca(i)(2+) transient (CaT) alternans may be important in long-duration ventricular fibrillation (LDVF). However, previous studies of Ca(i)(2+) handling have been limited to recordings from the heart surface during short-duration ventricular fibrillation. To examine whether abnormalities of intramural Ca(i)(2+) handling contribute to LDVF, we measured membrane voltage (V(m)) and Ca(i)(2+) during pacing and LDVF in six perfused canine hearts using five eight-fiber optrodes. Measurements were grouped into epicardial, midwall, and endocardial layers. We found that during pacing at 350-ms cycle length, CaT duration was slightly longer (by ≃10%) in endocardial layers than in epicardial layers, whereas action potential duration (APD) exhibited no difference. Rapid pacing at 150-ms cycle length caused alternans in both APD (APD-ALT) and CaT amplitude (CaA-ALT) without significant transmural differences. For 93% of optrode recordings, CaA-ALT was transmurally concordant, whereas APD-ALT was either concordant (36%) or discordant (54%), suggesting that APD-ALT was not caused by CaA-ALT. During LDVF, V(m) and Ca(i)(2+) progressively desynchronized when not every action potential was followed by a CaT. Such desynchronization developed faster in the epicardium than in the other layers. In addition, CaT duration strongly increased (by ∼240% at 5 min of LDVF), whereas APD shortened (by ∼17%). CaT rises always followed V(m) upstrokes during pacing and LDVF. In conclusion, the fact that V(m) upstrokes always preceded CaTs indicates that spontaneous Ca(i)(2+) oscillations in the working myocardium were not likely the reason for LDVF maintenance. Strong V(m)-Ca(i)(2+) desynchronization and the occurrence of long CaTs during LDVF indicate severely impaired Ca(i)(2+) handling and may potentially contribute to LDVF maintenance.
Scalar dispersion in a periodically reoriented potential flow: Acceleration via Lagrangian chaos (2010)

Although potential flows are irrotational, Lagrangian chaos can occur when these are unsteady, with rapid global mixing observed upon flow parameter optimization. What is unknown is whether Lagrangian chaos in potential flows results in accelerated scalar dispersion, to what magnitude, how robustly, and via what mechanisms. We consider scalar dispersion in a model unsteady potential flow, the Lagrangian topology of which is well understood. The asymptotic scalar dispersion rate q and corresponding scalar distribution (strange eigenmode) are calculated over the flow parameter space Q for Peclét numbers Pe=10{1}-10{4}. The richness of solutions over Q increases with Pe, with pattern mode locking, symmetry breaking transitions to chaos and fractally distributed maxima observed. Such behavior suggests detailed global resolution of Q is necessary for robust optimization, however localization of local optima to bifurcations between periodic and subharmonic eigenmodes suggests novel efficient means of optimization. Acceleration rates of 150 fold at Pe=10{4} are observed; significantly greater than corresponding values for chaotic Stokes flows, suggesting significant scope for dispersion acceleration in potential flows in general.
DNA sequence recognition protein associated with a multiprotein form of DNA polymerase alpha (1986)

The majority of DNA polymerase ..cap alpha.. activity in HeLa cells has been isolated and purified as a multiprotein Mr 640,000 form. A number of accessory activities cofractionate with this form of polymerase ..cap alpha... Among these are: Cl, C2 primer recognition proteins, primase, a 5' ..-->.. 3' exonuclease, and a 5',5''',P/sup 1/,P/sup 4/-diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap/sub 4/A) binding protein. Preliminary results suggest an additional factor(s) or protein(s) is present in the multiprotein form of the HeLa cell DNA polymerase ..cap alpha.. which has an affinity for DNA sequences rich in A and T residues. Affinity chromatography on poly(dA)-or oligo(dT)-cellulose yields a highly purified protein. This protein has the ability to bind /sup 3/H-poly (dA) and /sup 3/H-poly(dT) in a nitrocellulose filter binding assay. The further physical properties of this protein and its DNA sequence binding specificity will be discussed.
Compositional Differences Between Bilateral Middle Ear Effusions in Otitis Media With Effusion: Evidence for a Different Etiology? (1997)

The aim of this study was to clarify the site of primary pathology in otitis media with effusion. Effusions were collected from 64 children with bilateral effusions at the time of myringotomy. The rheological properties and biochemical compositions of effusions were measured for 23 pairs of effusions, and the levels of the inflammatory mediators TNF alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8 were measured in 41 pairs using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Measurements from paired ears were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests and significant differences were found for reduced specific viscosity, mucin content, protein content, and levels of IL-8. The results demonstrate that the two ears have different immunological processes or rates of processes which might explain the significantly different rheological properties of effusions. This suggests that each ear undergoes pathological changes independently and has implications for using the opposite ear as a control in clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenylacetamides as Selective α‐1A Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Publisher’s Note: Upper limits on gravitational wave emission from 78 radio pulsars [Phys. Rev. D76, 042001 (2007)] (2008)

This paper was published online on 3 August 2007 with a formatting error in the fifty-first affiliation in the author list.The affiliation should read as ‘‘University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.’’ The affiliation has beencorrected as of 4 March 2008. The affiliation is incorrect in the printed version of the journal.
Nickel-Tungsten Composite Anodes, in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2017)

Fuel cell technology has been undergoing huge developments recently, and the most fundamental progress is the electrolyte being replaced with polymer electrolytes, specifically in the field of anion exchange ionomers, which has enabled an increase in power density for AEMFCs. Currently, acidic polymer electrolytes are widely used. Fuel cells based on acidic electrolytes are very successful but they heavily depend on noble metal catalysts and among those mostly on Pt. Therefore, there is a strong need for PGM-Free catalysts to reduce the cost and facilitate the widespread application of such fuel cells [1] . Due to improved kinetics for ORR in alkaline media, it is necessary to also develop PGM-Free anode catalysts for HOR. Between all PGM-Free metals, Ni has shown a significant potential in catalyzing HOR reaction, however, due to oxidation of Ni in alkaline media, as well as the need to tune the binding energy of adsorbed hydrogen (H ad ) on the nickel active sites, alloying Ni with other PGM-Free transition metals is a promising strategy to improve the HOR performance as well as the stability of these catalysts. It has also been shown that Tungsten doped nickel can act as a stable catalyst in alkaline media toward HOR. [2], [3] We prepared NiW composites (which activity is shown in figure 1.) using Incipient Wetness Method (IWM), adding compounds of Ni and W to carbon support and then pyrolyzed for the composite to form and stabilize on the carbon support. Here, we will present on advances in the NiW system for HOR in alkaline media relating to: electrochemical corrosion, MEA performance and the role of the support material on HOR kinetics and stability of these NiW composites. References: 1- S. Lu et al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , 105 (2018) 20611-20614 2- Q. Hu et al. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , 38 (2013) 16264-16268 3- Z. Zhuang et al. Nature Communications, 17, (2016), 10141 Figure 1
Broadened-Laser-Driven Polarization-Maintaining Hollow-Core Fiber Optic Gyroscope (2019)

A state-of-the-art fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) using a 250-m quadrupolar-wound coil of polarization-maintaining hollow-core fiber (HCF) interrogated by a broadened laser is demonstrated. The fiber coil is directly connected to the multi-function integrated optics chip (MIOC) to reduce instabilities and reflections. The HCF FOG is first driven with a broadband source, yielding an angular random walk (ARW) of 2.12 μrad/√Hz and a drift of 0.375 μrad. This drift is 3.4 times lower than reported in any previous HCF FOG. Measuring the loss and ARW versus wavelength of the HCF FOG driven by a tunable narrow-linewidth laser reveals that the HCF supports a dense spectrum of high-scattering surface modes (~70 modes/nm). The HCF FOG was also interrogated with a 22.5-GHz broadened-laser source, yielding an ARW of 6 μrad/√Hz. This ARW is most likely limited by backscattering mediated by coupling to the high-scattering surface modes. The drift of the HCF FOG driven by the broadened laser was 0.88 μrad. This drift is limited by polarization coupling, and confirms the holding parameter given by the fiber provider for this fiber (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ).
In vivo high-resolution structural MRI-based atlas of human thalamic nuclei (2021)

Thalamic nuclei play critical roles in regulation of neurological functions like sleep and wakefulness. They are increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and essential tremor. However, segmentation of thalamic nuclei is difficult due to their poor visibility in conventional MRI scans. Sophisticated methods have been proposed which require specialized MRI acquisitions and complex post processing. There are few high spatial resolution (1 mm<sup>3</sup> or higher) in vivo MRI thalamic atlases available currently. The goal of this work is the development of an in vivo MRI-based structural thalamic atlas at 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.5 mm resolution based on manual segmentation of 9 healthy subjects using the Morel atlas as a guide. Using data analysis from healthy subjects as well as patients with multiple-sclerosis and essential tremor and at 3T and 7T MRI, we demonstrate the utility of this atlas to provide fast and accurate segmentation of thalamic nuclei when only conventional T<sub>1</sub> weighted images are available.
Effective Reinforcement Learning through Evolutionary Surrogate-Assisted\n Prescription (2020)

There is now significant historical data available on decision making in\norganizations, consisting of the decision problem, what decisions were made,\nand how desirable the outcomes were. Using this data, it is possible to learn a\nsurrogate model, and with that model, evolve a decision strategy that optimizes\nthe outcomes. This paper introduces a general such approach, called\nEvolutionary Surrogate-Assisted Prescription, or ESP. The surrogate is, for\nexample, a random forest or a neural network trained with gradient descent, and\nthe strategy is a neural network that is evolved to maximize the predictions of\nthe surrogate model. ESP is further extended in this paper to sequential\ndecision-making tasks, which makes it possible to evaluate the framework in\nreinforcement learning (RL) benchmarks. Because the majority of evaluations are\ndone on the surrogate, ESP is more sample efficient, has lower variance, and\nlower regret than standard RL approaches. Surprisingly, its solutions are also\nbetter because both the surrogate and the strategy network regularize the\ndecision-making behavior. ESP thus forms a promising foundation to decision\noptimization in real-world problems.\n
Microwave properties of free-standing dielectric films (1992)

Measurement of the broadband (15–150 GHz) microwave dielectric properties of free-standing films is demonstrated using the technique of coherent microwave transient spectroscopy. The accuracy of the method is verified by experiments on a fused silica sheet whose dielectric properties are well known. Results of measurements on (∼200μm thick) polymer films are presented.
Relationship of Intraocular Pressure with Central Aortic Systolic Pressure (2015)

Increased CASP, as measured by arterial tonometry, is associated with higher IOP. Our results strengthen the relationship between systemic blood pressure and IOP.
Synthetic Inhibitors of Extended Helix–Protein Interactions Based on a Biphenyl 4,4′‐Dicarboxamide Scaffold (2009)

Abstract Turn Bak : We present rationally designed scaffolds that mimic the spatial projection of the i, i +4, i +7, and i +11 residues of an α‐helix. A library of biphenyl derivatives was shown by competition fluorescence polarization and ITC to mimic Bak and disrupt the Bak/Bcl‐x L protein–protein interaction. 15 N HSQC experiments confirmed that the surface of Bcl‐x L normally occupied by Bak was the target area of our new synthetic inhibitors. magnified image
A technique for rapid single‐echo spin‐echo T2 mapping (2010)

A rapid technique for mapping of T(2) relaxation times is presented. The method is based on the conventional single-echo spin echo approach but uses a much shorter pulse repetition time to accelerate data acquisition. The premise of the new method is the use of a constant difference between the echo time and pulse repetition time, which removes the conventional and restrictive requirement of pulse repetition time >> T(1). Theoretical and simulation investigations were performed to evaluate the criteria for accurate T(2) measurements. Measured T(2)s were shown to be within 1% error as long as the key criterion of pulse repetition time/T(2) > or =3 is met. Strictly, a second condition of echo time/T(1) << 1 is also required. However, violations of this condition were found to have minimal impact in most clinical scenarios. Validation was conducted in phantoms and in vivo T(2) mapping of healthy cartilage and brain. The proposed method offers all the advantages of single-echo spin echo imaging (e.g., immunity to stimulated echo effects, robustness to static field inhomogeneity, flexibility in the number and choice of echo times) in a considerably reduced amount of time and is readily implemented on any clinical scanner.
Quantum cascade lasers transfer-printed on silicon-on-sapphire (2017)

We demonstrate coupling of the laser mode into a passive waveguide by transfer-printing fully processed mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers onto a silicon-on-sapphire platform. The laser waveguide mode is coupled into a silicon waveguide via an adiabatic taper. The experimentally achieved coupling efficiency of the taper is estimated to be ∼10%, and theoretical calculations show that coupling efficiency over 75% is achievable by reducing the adhesive layer thickness to below 100 nm. Light coupling to silicon waveguides is confirmed by images taken at the output facet of a 3-mm-long passive Si waveguide with a mid-infrared camera. Our technique enables the development of heterogeneous photonic systems integrated with a wide range of fully processed semiconductor laser devices, including buried-heterostructure lasers, which was not previously possible.
Design and Implementation of a Floating PV Model to Analyse the Power Generation (2022)

The floating photovoltaic (FPV) system is a revolutionary power production technology that has gotten a lot of interest because of its many benefits. Aside from generating electricity, the technology can also prevent the evaporation of water. The electrical and mechanical structures of FPV power stations must be studied to develop them. Much research on FPV technologies has already been undertaken, and these systems have been evaluated from many perspectives. Many problems, including environmental degradation and electricity generation, fertile soils, and water management, are currently limiting societal growth. Floating photovoltaic (PV) devices save a great of land and water resources and have a greater energy conversion efficiency than standard ground power systems. A performance investigation of photovoltaic (PV) installations set on a moving platform is carried out. The paper presents and discusses various design alternatives for boosting the profitability and efficiency of floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems. Especially, FPV systems that take advantage of increasing capabilities like monitoring, conditioning, and attention were included. Although researchers have agreed on the benefits of floating systems, there has been little in-depth research on the parameters of floating photovoltaic systems. The results of this research tests were performed, and these reveal that the beneficial monitoring and conditioning impacts result in a significant gain in performance. The effects of using flat reflections on improvements are also investigated. As a result, this research examines the evolution of photovoltaic systems, then investigates the power generation capacity of floating photovoltaic systems, and then examines the benefits and possibilities of floating PV systems in depth. The concept of developing an integrated air storage system using a floating building on waters is discussed.
Twisted Gastrulation, a BMP Antagonist, Exacerbates Podocyte Injury (2014)

Podocyte injury is the first step in the progression of glomerulosclerosis. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (Bmp7) in podocyte injury and the existence of native Bmp signaling in podocytes. Local activity of Bmp7 is controlled by cell-type specific Bmp antagonists, which inhibit the binding of Bmp7 to its receptors. Here we show that the product of Twisted gastrulation (Twsg1), a Bmp antagonist, is the central negative regulator of Bmp function in podocytes and that Twsg1 null mice are resistant to podocyte injury. Twsg1 was the most abundant Bmp antagonist in murine cultured podocytes. The administration of Bmp induced podocyte differentiation through Smad signaling, whereas the simultaneous administration of Twsg1 antagonized the effect. The administration of Bmp also inhibited podocyte proliferation, whereas simultaneous administration of Twsg1 antagonized the effect. Twsg1 was expressed in the glomerular parietal cells (PECs) and distal nephron of the healthy kidney, and additionally in damaged glomerular cells in a murine model of podocyte injury. Twsg1 null mice exhibited milder hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia, and milder histological changes while maintaining the expression of podocyte markers during podocyte injury model. Taken together, our results show that Twsg1 plays a critical role in the modulation of protective action of Bmp7 on podocytes, and that inhibition of Twsg1 is a promising means of development of novel treatment for podocyte injury.
Following in Situ the Degradation of Mesoporous Silica in Biorelevant Conditions: At Last, a Good Comprehension of the Structure Influence (2020)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have seen a fast development as drug delivery carriers thanks to their tunable porosity and high loading capacity. The employ of MSNs in biomedical applications requires a good understanding of their degradation behavior both to control drug release and to assess possible toxicity issues on human health. In this work, we study mesoporous silica degradation in biologically relevant conditions through in situ ellipsometry on model mesoporous nanoparticle or continuous thin films, in buffer solution and in media containing proteins. In order to shed light on the structure/dissolution relationship, we performed dissolution experiments far from soluble silicate species saturation. Via a complete decorrelation of dissolution and diffusion contributions, we proved unambiguously that surface area of silica vectors is the main parameter influencing dissolution kinetics, while thermal treatment and open mesoporous network architecture have a minor impact. As a logical consequence of our dissolution model, we proved that the dissolution lag-time can be promoted by selective blocking of the mesopores that limits the access to the mesoporous internal surface. This study was broadened by studying the impact of the organosilanes in the silica structure, of the presence of residual structuring agents, and of the chemical composition of the dissolution medium. The presence of albumin at blood concentration was found affecting drastically the dissolution kinetics of the mesoporous structure, acting as a diffusion barrier. Globally, we could identify the main factors affecting mesoporous silica materials degradation and proved that we can tune their structure and composition for adjusting dissolution kinetics in order to achieve efficient drug delivery.
Alkoxysilyl functionalized polynorbornenes with enhanced selectivity for heavy hydrocarbon separations (2016)

Ethoxy substitution crosslinked and enhanced transport properties in novel ROMP and addition-type polynorbornenes for reverse-selectivity, heavy-hydrocarbon separations.
Recognizing planar curves using curvature-tuned smoothing (2002)

The authors present a technique for both the smoothing and decomposition of planar curves. This technique, called curvature-tuned smoothing, provides for robust rotation- and translation-invariant smoothing of planar curves. As the smoothing is performed, parts are extracted robustly and at multiple scales. These parts can subsequently be used for object recognition. The parts extracted correspond to regions of roughly uniform curvature and constitute a rich description of the original data. This representation describes some regions at multiple scales, since multiple structures may occur.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thermo‐oxidative degradation of heterophasic ethylene‐propylene copolymers and their fractions (1993)

Abstract The thermo‐oxidative degradation behaviour of heterophasic ethylene‐propylene copolymers and their fractions is discussed and the results are compared with those for the corresponding homopolymers. The most informative results were obtained when a small reactive species produced in the degradation was treated with reactive gases. The extent of thermal degradation was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The kinetics of oxygen absorption have also been studied at 140° C. Oxygen deficiency is manifested in the formation of diffusion‐limited products from ethylene‐propylene copolymer samples.
Automatic generation of two-party computations (2003)

We present the design and implementation of a compiler that automatically generates protocols that perform two-party computations. The input to our protocol is the specification of a computation with secret inputs (e.g., a signature algorithm) expressed using operations in the field Zq of integers modulo a prime q and in the multiplicative subgroup of order q in Z*p for q|p-1 with generator g. The output of our compiler is an implementation of each party in a two-party protocol to perform the same computation securely, i.e., so that both parties can together compute the function but neither can alone. The protocols generated by our compiler are provably secure, in that their strength can be reduced to that of the original cryptographic computation via simulation arguments. Our compiler can be applied to various cryptographic primitives (e.g., signature schemes, encryption schemes, oblivious transfer protocols) and other protocols that employ a trusted party (e.g., key retrieval, key distribution).