gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Heteromeric CsdA-CsdE Cysteine Desulfurase, Assisting Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis in Escherichia coli (2005)

Biogenesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-containing proteins relies on assistance of complex machineries. To date three systems, NIF, ISC, and SUF, were reported to allow maturation of Fe-S proteins. Here we report that the csdA-csdE (formally ygdK) genes of Escherichia coli constitute a sulfur-generating system referred to as CSD which also contributes to Fe-S biogenesis in vivo. This conclusion was reached by applying a thorough combination of both in vivo and in vitro strategies and techniques. Yeast two-hybrid analysis allowed us to show that CsdA and CsdE interact. Enzymology analysis showed that CsdA cysteine desulfurase activity is increased 2-fold in the presence of CsdE. Mass spectrometry analysis and site-directed mutagenesis showed that residue Cys-61 from CsdE acted as an acceptor site for sulfur provided by cysteine desulfurase activity of CsdA. Genetic investigations revealed that the csdA-csdE genes could act as multicopy suppressors of iscS mutation. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo investigations pointed to a specific connection between the CSD system and quinolinate synthetase NadA.
Fiber optic local access architectures (1997)

Burgeoning bandwidth demands and technological advances are causing network providers to re-examine the role of fiber optics in future access networks. We survey architectures that use fiber in the feeder and distribution plants and show how several classification schemes illuminate tradeoffs between various approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis‐Heteroannulation. Part 16. A Synthetic Approach to Geigerin. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biodegradable Janus Nanoparticles for Local Pulmonary Delivery of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Molecules to the Lungs (2014)

The aim of the present work is to synthesize, characterize, and test self-assembled anisotropic or Janus particles designed to load anticancer drugs for lung cancer treatment by inhalation. The particles were synthesized using binary mixtures of biodegradable and biocompatible materials. The particles did not demonstrate cyto- and genotoxic effects. Janus particles were internalized by cancer cells and accumulated both in the cytoplasm and nuclei. After inhalation delivery, nanoparticles accumulated preferentially in the lungs of mice and retained there for at least 24 h. Two drugs or other biologically active components with substantially different aqueous solubility can be simultaneously loaded in two-phases (polymer-lipid) of these nanoparticles. In the present proof-of-concept investigation, the particles were loaded with two anticancer drugs: doxorubicin and curcumin as model anticancer drugs with relatively high and low aqueous solubility, respectively. However, there are no obstacles for loading any hydrophobic or hydrophilic chemical agents. Nanoparticles with dual load were used for their local inhalation delivery directly to the lungs of mice with orthotopic model of human lung cancer. In vivo experiments showed that the selected nanoparticles with two anticancer drugs with different mechanisms of action prevented progression of lung tumors. It should be stressed that anticancer effects of the combined treatment with two anticancer drugs loaded in the same nanoparticle significantly exceeded the effect of either drug loaded in similar nanoparticles alone.
Synthesis and Surface Modification of Highly Monodispersed, Spherical Gold Nanoparticles of 50−200 nm (2010)

Synthesis and Surface Modification of Highly Monodispersed, Spherical Gold Nanoparticles of 50−200 nm
2A1-G22 Intelligent Ambience that can lead robot action : Development of a device for Intelligent Ambience and its experimental evaluation (2009)

When robots execute several tasks at office or home, robots need enormous information. If we put small intelligence on each object that is part of the ambience, the ambience can lead robots simply and execute tasks requested by the ambience itself. We call such ambience"Intelligent Ambience (IA)". In this paper, we develop a device for IA and verify effectiveness by various experiments.
Intumescent silicone-based coatings for the fire protection of carbon fiber reinforced composites (2014)

The application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in aircraft structure has introduced potential fire threats and fire protection must be provided. In this paper, intumescent silicone based-coatings (low and high intumescing coatings) are evaluated on CFRP using a bench developed in the laboratory mimicking a jet fuel fire occurring at high heat flux (200 kW/m). It is shown the development of large intumescence (high intumescing coating) associated with appropriate thermal properties of the coating (heat conductivity measured as low as 0.3 W/m.K) provides efficient protection for the CFRP at the jet fire test. On the other hand, the formation of cohesive ceramic (low intumescing coating) with low heat conductivity (constant heat conductivity as a function of temperature of 0.35 W/m.K) also provides protection but its efficiency is lower than that of intumescent char. It is evidenced that intumescent silicone-based coatings are materials of choice for protecting CFRP in the case of jet fuel fire.
Partial characterization of cotton plants expressing two toxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis: relative toxin contribution, toxin interaction, and resistance management (2003)

Abstract: Laboratory studies were performed to characterize the lepidopteran toxicity of cotton plants expressing two different toxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), in order to assess insect resistance management implications of a commercial, two‐toxin transgenic cotton. An independent and additive interactive effect of two Bt δ ‐endotoxins expressed by the transgenic cotton variety 15985 was demonstrated by examining the responses of Heliothis virescens (F.), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) larvae to field‐ or greenhouse‐grown tissue from genetic near‐isolines, which expressed Cry1A only, Cry2Ab only, or both toxins. In all cases, the Cry2Ab component was the larger contributor to total toxicity in the two‐toxin isoline. Toxin‐specific, quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests confirmed that the levels of each toxin in tissues of the two‐toxin isoline were not statistically different (P &gt; 0.05) from the levels found in the corresponding tissues of the respective single‐toxin isoline. Resistance management considerations were discussed. Considering the additive interaction of toxins, a relatively simple insect resistance‐monitoring procedure was proposed for the monitoring of commercial cotton varieties expressing both toxins.
Editorial: Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Sarcopenia in Aging and in Muscular Dystrophy: A Translational Approach (2015)

Sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy are both characterized by the loss of muscle mass and increased intramuscular
Fractalkine receptor expression by T lymphocyte subpopulations andin vivo production of fractalkine in human (2000)

Expression and function of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 by T lymphocyte subpopulations was evaluated in healthy individuals. In CD8(+) T lymphocytes, CX3CR1 was expressed by and functional in both CD45RO(-) and CD45RO(+) cells. In CD4(+) T lymphocytes, CX3CR1 was expressed mainly by CD45RO(+) cells, and almost exclusively by activated HLA-DR(+) T lymphocytes. This receptor was functional in CD45RO(+) cells, but not in CD45RO(-) cells. Expression of fractalkine was detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in endothelial cells of normal lung and thymus. In hyperplastic lymph nodes, fractalkine was expressed by endothelial cells of high endothelial venules and of subcapsular vessels, by follicular dendritic cells (FDC) and by some follicle lymphocytes. Fractalkine mRNA was constitutively present in the HK FDC-like cell line, and it was induced in vitro in B lymphocytes stimulated by an anti-micro or by a CD40 mAb. These findings indicate that fractalkine may contribute to the recruitment of effector T helper lymphocytes, either in peripheral tissues or in lymphoid organs. In these tissues, fractalkine and its receptor may favor contact within follicles between activated T helper lymphocytes, activated B lymphocytes and FDC, thus contributing to the maturation of the B lymphocyte response.
First Measurement of the NeutronβAsymmetry with Ultracold Neutrons (2009)

We report the first measurement of an angular correlation parameter in neutron beta decay using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). We utilize UCN with energies below about 200 neV, which we guide and store for approximately 30 s in a Cu decay volume. The interaction of the neutron magnetic dipole moment with a static 7 T field external to the decay volume provides a 420 neV potential energy barrier to the spin state parallel to the field, polarizing the UCN before they pass through an adiabatic fast passage spin flipper and enter a decay volume, situated within a 1 T field in a 2x2pi solenoidal spectrometer. We determine a value for the beta-asymmetry parameter A_{0}=-0.1138+/-0.0046+/-0.0021.
Demonstration of an optical chip-to-chip link in a 3D integrated electronic-photonic platform (2015)

A full optical chip-to-chip link is demonstrated for the first time in a wafer-scale heterogeneous platform, where the photonics and CMOS chips are 3D integrated using wafer bonding and low-parasitic capacitance thru-oxide vias (TOVs). This development platform yields 1000s of functional photonic components as well as 16M transistors per chip module. The transmitter operates at 6Gb/s with an energy cost of 100fJ/bit and the receiver at 7Gb/s with a sensitivity of 26μA (-14.5dBm) and 340fJ/bit energy consumption. A full 5Gb/s chip-to-chip link, with the on-chip calibration and self-test, is demonstrated over a 100m single mode optical fiber with 560fJ/bit of electrical and 4.2pJ/bit of optical energy.
Evidence for Size-Dependent Discrete Dispersions in Single-Wall Nanotubes (1997)

Raman scattering spectra of single-wall nanotubes with mean radii 0.55, 0.65, and 1.0 nm show size-dependent multiple splittings of the optical phonon peak corresponding to the ${E}_{2g}$ mode in graphite. These splittings constitute the first experimental evidence for the unique feature of nanotubes that they exhibit discrete and diameter-dependent dispersions arising from their cylindrical symmetry. The observed dispersion is well explained on the basis of graphite, and shows possibilities of predicting and controlling the basic property of nanotubes in the zone-folding scheme.
A label-free aptasensor FET based on Au nanoparticle decorated Co3O4nanorods and a SWCNT layer for detection of cardiac troponin T protein (2019)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious health problem that must be identified in its early stages. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the condition of AMI through ascertaining the role of biomarkers, such as myoglobin, cardiac troponin proteins (T and I), creatine kinase-MB, and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP). A field-effect transistor (FET) is an effective platform; however, innovations are required in all layers of the FET for it to become robust and highly sensitive. For the first time, we made use of the synergistic combination of noble metal nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> for the detection of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in a FET platform. We determined the morphology of Au-decorated Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NRs and their electronic properties by characterizing the channel layer using electron microscopies and transient measurements. Subsequently, we performed the detection of cardiac troponin T by immobilizing its complementary biotinylated DNA aptamer on the channel surface using a drop-casting method. To understand the changes in drain current caused by this interaction, we probed our SWCNT-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NR transistor with limited gate and drain bias (≤1 V), achieving a sensitivity of 0.5 μA μg<sup>-1</sup> mL<sup>-1</sup> for the Au-decorated NRs. A 250% increase in the sensitivity and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> were achieved by using this device. Finally, selectivity studies proved that this synergistic combination works well in the FET configuration for the successful detection of cTnT.
Robust low-profile metasurface-enabled wearable antennas for off-body communications (2014)

This paper presents a low-profile metasurface-enabled wearable antenna operating in the newly released medical wireless body-are network (MBAN) band from 2.36 to 2.40 GHz for off-body communications. The performance of the antenna was made possible by the introduction of a properly designed anisotropic metasurface which consists of only a 2 by 2 array of I-shaped resonating elements. Together with the finite-sized metallic ground plane on the back of the metasurface, it provides a +90° reflection phase band to achieve the desired impedance matching for the planar monopole feed above the metasurface. The integrated antenna was fabricated and characterized, showing a strong correspondence between simulated and measured results. The resulting antenna has a remarkably low profile of only one-fiftieth of the operating wavelength, all while achieving a 5.5%-10 dB impedance bandwidth from 2.30 to 2.43 GHz, a gain of around 6.2 dBi, and a font-to-back ratio higher than 23 dB, thus making it a promising candidate for incorporation into various wearable systems.
Stand Trainer With Applied Forces at the Pelvis and Trunk: Response to Perturbations and Assist-As-Needed Support (2019)

Functional rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury remains a current challenge. Training these patients to successfully stand is the first step towards restoring advanced skills such as walking. To address this need, we have developed a novel robotic stand trainer that can apply controlled forces on the trunk and the pelvis of a user, while controlling the knee angle. The stand trainer utilizes cables to apply assistive, resistive, or perturbation forces at the trunk, pelvis, and the knees, simultaneously. We have conducted a human study to validate the system. In this study, we applied multi-direction perturbation forces either at the pelvis or the trunk while assist-as-needed forces were applied to the other segment to keep balance. This study characterizes the human kinematics and measures of balance under the perturbations and assistive forces on the human body. Results shows that the level of force-field assistance (trunk or pelvis) directly affects the motion of the trunk, pelvis, and center of pressure. This provides a quantitative framework to restore balance in patients while providing assistance only when needed. This stand trainer can potentially free up therapists to attend to higher level rehabilitation goals and objectively assist patients to engage in interventions that challenge both their musculoskeletal and sensorimotor impairments.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili as ligands for nonopsonic phagocytosis by fibronectin-stimulated macrophages (1989)

Fibronectin is capable of activating macrophages for enhanced nonopsonic phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in vivo in rats or mice or in vitro on nutrient agar plates. In this study it was determined that while fibronectin was able to significantly increase phagocytosis of organisms grown in static broth, uptake of agitated bacteria could not be promoted. Agitated P. aeruginosa cultures were proven to lack surface pili expression, as assessed by electron microscopic studies. A pilus-deficient pilA::Tn501 mutant of P. aeruginosa PAO was constructed by gene replacement techniques. Phagocytosis of this mutant could not be enhanced by fibronectin regardless of growth conditions. Furthermore, 60 micrograms of exogenously added Pseudomonas pili per ml was capable of abrogating the enhanced phagocytosis of the wild-type strain observed with fibronectin-stimulated macrophages. It is concluded that Pseudomonas pili were the bacterial ligands required for attachment to fibronectin-stimulated macrophages in the initial stages of nonopsonic phagocytosis.
Molecular physiology of renal organic anion transporters (2006)

Recent advances in molecular biology have identified three organic anion transporter families: the organic anion transporter (OAT) family encoded by SLC22A, the organic anion transporting peptide (OATP) family encoded by SLC21A (SLCO), and the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family encoded by ABCC. These families play critical roles in the transepithelial transport of organic anions in the kidneys as well as in other tissues such as the liver and brain. Among these families, the OAT family plays the central role in renal organic anion transport. Knowledge of these three families at the molecular level, such as substrate selectivity, tissue distribution, and gene localization, is rapidly increasing. In this review, we will give an overview of molecular information on renal organic anion transporters and describe recent topics such as the regulatory mechanisms and molecular physiology of urate transport. We will also discuss the physiological roles of each organic anion transporter in the light of the transepithelial transport of organic anions in the kidneys.
Psychophysical evaluation of banding visibility in the presence of print content (2011)

Observing and evaluating print defects represents a major challenge in the area of print quality research. Visual identification and quantification of these print defects becomes a key issue for improving print quality. However, the page content may confound the visual evaluation of print defects in actual printouts. Our research is focused on banding in the presence of print content in the context of commercial printing. In this paper, a psychophysical experiment is described to evaluate the perception of bands in the presence of print content. A number of banding defects are added by way of simulation to a selected set of commercial print contents to form our set of stimuli. The participants in the experiment mark these stimuli based on their observations via a graphical user interface (GUI). Based on the collection of the marked stimuli, we were able to see general consistency among different participants. Moreover, the results showed that the likelihood of an observer perceiving the banding defect in a smooth area is much higher than in a high frequency area. Furthermore, our results also indicate that the luminance of the image may locally affect the visibility of the print defects to some degree.
A direct comparison of cytolytic T-lymphocyte responses to Melan-A peptides in vitro: differential immunogenicity of Melan-A27-35 and Melan-A26-35 (2000)

In this study we directly compared the in vitro responses of T-cells from normal donors and melanoma patients to Melan-A27-35 and Melan-A26-35. These peptides have been previously used in peptide-based vaccination studies. Following three stimulations with peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells in vitro, Melan-A-specific cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) were generated from seven of 20 subjects; two of the seven subjects responded reproducibly to both Melan-A27-35 and Melan-A26-35, three to only Melan-A27-35 and two to only Melan-A26-35. However, CTLs generated with either Melan-A27-35 or Melan-A26-35 showed cross recognition, and both types of CTL could recognize naturally processed antigen displayed on HLA-A2+ tumour cells. Furthermore, Melan-A-specific CTLs could also be generated by stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with autologous melanoma cells. Our results suggest that some subjects may have a bias in their CTL repertoire which favours the generation of Melan-A27-35 specific CTLs, while others may favour Melan-A26-35 specific CTLs. It is also likely that CTL precursors capable of detecting both peptides may have different affinities to the two Melan-A peptides. Since it is difficult to predict the CTL responses to Melan-A peptide in a given individual, we suggest vaccinating with both Melan-A27-35 and Melan-A26-35 peptides in clinical trials.
Measurement based channel modeling with directional antennas for high-speed railways (2013)

The high-speed railway propagation channel has significant effect on the design and performance analysis of wireless railway control systems. An important feature of the high-speed railway communications is the usage of directional transmitting antennas, due to which the receiver may experience strong attenuation of the line-of-sight (LOS) path under the base station (BS). This leads to a drop, and strong variations, of the signal strength under the BS. While the physical origin of the signal variations is different from conventional shadowing, it can be described by similar statistical methods. However, the effect has been largely neglected in the literature. In this paper we first define the region of the bottom of the BS, and then present a simple shadow fading model based on the measurements performed in high-speed railways at 930 MHz. It is found that the bottom area of the BS has a range of 400 m – 800 m; the standard deviation of the shadowing also follows a Gaussian distribution; the double exponential model fits the autocovariance of the shadow fading very well. We find that the directivity of the transmitting antenna leads to a higher standard deviation of shadowing and a smaller decorrelation distance under the BS compared to the region away from the BS.
APEX Fingerprinting Reveals the Subcellular Localization of Proteins of Interest (2016)

Deciphering the sub-compartmental location of a given protein of interest may help explain its physiological function, but it can be challenging to do using optical or biochemical methods. Imaging with electron microscopy (EM) can provide highly resolved mapping of proteins; however, EM requires complex sample preparation and a specialized facility. Here, we use engineered ascorbate peroxidase (APEX)-generated molecular labeling patterns to provide information regarding intracellular microenvironments in living cells. Using APEX labeling of specific proteins, we uncovered subcellular localization at sub-compartmental resolution and successfully elucidated the membrane protein topology of HMOX1 and sub-mitochondrial localization of recently identified mitochondrial proteins. This method can be expanded to confirm sub-mitochondrial localization and membrane topologies of previously identified mitochondrial proteins.
Free Energies of the Ion Equilibrium Partition of KCl into Nanofiltration Membranes Based on Transmembrane Electrical Potential and Rejection (2011)

The free energies of ion equilibrium partition between an aqueous KCl solution and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were investigated on the basis of the relationship of the transmembrane electrical potential (TMEP) and rejection. The measurements of TMEP and rejection were performed for Filmtec NF membranes in KCl solutions over a wide range of salt concentrations (1-60 mol·m(-3)) and pH values (3-10) at the feed side, with pressure differences in the range 0.1-0.6 MPa. The reflection coefficient and transport number, which were used to obtain the distribution coefficients on basis of irreversible thermodynamics, were fitted by the two-layer model with consideration of the activity coefficient. Evidence for dielectric exclusion under the experimental conditions was obtained by analyzing the rejection of KCl at the isoelectric point. The free energies were calculated, and the contribution of the electrostatic effect, dielectric exclusion, steric hindrance, and activity coefficient on the ion partitioning is elucidated. It is clearly demonstrated that the dielectric exclusion plays a central role.