gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building standards for access to oceanographic observatory instrumentation (2003)

The methods and software interfaces used by ocean observatory operators and scientist users to access data generated by sensors and instruments attached to research observatories vary widely from facility to facility. The tools used to access instrument metadata and to control various instrument functions are also variable between observatories. An effort has begun in the US to define software standards that could be implemented at any ocean observatory to provide access to oceanographic instruments independent of the observatory on which they operate. Interoperability also enables the seamless combination of data streams from more than one observatory into a virtual ocean observatory. This paper describes the concepts and a proposed process to develop interoperability standards for ocean observatories.
Effects of Segment Length Asymmetry in Ternary Diblock Co-polymer–Homopolymer Mixtures (2019)

Self-consistent field theory is used to study the effect of asymmetry between A and B statistical segment lengths on interfacial properties and phase behavior in ternary mixtures of AB diblock co-polymers, A homopolymers, and B homopolymers. We consider systems with volumetrically symmetric homopolymers and co-polymer, in which a difference between A and B statistical segment length is the only source of asymmetry between A and B monomers. The sign of the spontaneous curvature of monolayer interfaces between A- and B-rich homopolymer domains is shown to depend on the ratio of co-polymer to homopolymer chain lengths: Interfaces preferentially curve toward the component with a higher statistical segment length when the homopolymer lengths are greater than or comparable to the co-polymer length (as also found in diblock co-polymer melts) but curve away from this component when the homopolymers are much shorter than the co-polymer.
TLR Signals Promote IL-6/IL-17-Dependent Transplant Rejection (2009)

Acute allograft rejection has often been correlated with Th1 differentiation, whereas transplantation tolerance is frequently associated with induction of regulation. The discovery of the Th17 phenotype has prompted its scrutiny in transplant rejection. Although IL-17 has recently been observed in settings of acute allograft rejection and drives rejection in T-bet-deficient mice that have impaired type 1 T cell responses, there is little evidence of its requirement during acute rejection in wild-type animals. We and others have previously shown that TLR9 signaling by exogenous CpG at the time of transplantation is sufficient to abrogate anti-CD154-mediated acceptance of fully mismatched cardiac allografts. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which acute rejection occurs in this inflammatory context. Our results indicate that CpG targets recipient hemopoietic cells and that its pro-rejection effects correlate both with prevention of anti-CD154-mediated conversion of conventional CD4(+) T cells into induced regulatory T cells and with the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 by intragraft CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, the combined elimination of IL-6 and IL-17 signaling abrogated the ability of CpG to promote acute cardiac allograft rejection. Thus, proinflammatory signals at the time of transplantation can change the quality of the effector immune response and reveal a pathogenic function for IL-6 and IL-17 in wild-type recipients.
Servo-system design based on LQ and H∞ approaches (1993)

This paper presents a servo controller design method based on the state space algorithm[2] for general H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> problems. A command generator is introduced to determine the feedforward and feedback gains simultaneously by utilizing the standard H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> controller framework. The design method is applied to a dual-actuator positioning system. A comparison between the LQ and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> controllers is discussed. Frequency shaping functions are incorporated into the design method for performance improvement. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the design method.
A proprioceptive feedback circuit drives Caenorhabditis elegans locomotor adaptation through dopamine signaling (2023)

An animal adapts its motor behavior to navigate the external environment. This adaptation depends on proprioception, which provides feedback on an animal's body postures. How proprioception mechanisms interact with motor circuits and contribute to locomotor adaptation remains unclear. Here, we describe and characterize proprioception-mediated homeostatic control of undulatory movement in the roundworm <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. We found that the worm responds to optogenetically or mechanically induced decreases in midbody bending amplitude by increasing its anterior amplitude. Conversely, it responds to increased midbody amplitude by decreasing the anterior amplitude. Using genetics, microfluidic and optogenetic perturbation response analyses, and optical neurophysiology, we elucidated the neural circuit underlying this compensatory postural response. The dopaminergic PDE neurons proprioceptively sense midbody bending and signal to AVK interneurons via the D2-like dopamine receptor DOP-3. The FMRFamide-like neuropeptide FLP-1, released by AVK, regulates SMB head motor neurons to modulate anterior bending. We propose that this homeostatic behavioral control optimizes locomotor efficiency. Our findings demonstrate a mechanism in which proprioception works with dopamine and neuropeptide signaling to mediate motor control, a motif that may be conserved in other animals.
Soft fluorescent organic nanodots as nanocarriers for porphyrins (2019)

Novel fluorescent organic nanoparticles made from citric acid and diethylenetriamine were used as biocompatible and highly water-soluble nanocarriers for hydrophobic tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). The tetraphenylporphyrin units were covalently attached to the nanoparticles, generating conjugated nanoparticles which retain water solubility and preserve the photophysical properties of monomeric TPP. The conjugated nanoparticles show two distinct fluorescence features: blue emission from the nanoparticle when excited in the near-UV (360 nm) and characteristic far-red emission of the TPP when excited in the visible (Soret band or Q bands). The uptake of the conjugated nanoparticles in live human neuroblastoma cancer cells was evidenced using two-photon microscopy. These experiments demonstrate that the fluorescent organic nanoparticles do act as efficient nanocarriers, allowing cell internalization of hydrophobic porphyrins. These conjugated nanoparticles appear as promising nanotools for theranostic (based on the combination of imaging and monitoring of the nanoparticle fluorescence) and therapeutic (photodynamic therapy by selectively exciting the grafted porphyrin units) modalities.
Single-cell characterization of subsolid and solid lesions in the lung adenocarcinoma spectrum (2020)

Summary Determining the clinical significance of CT scan-detected subsolid pulmonary nodules requires an understanding of the molecular and cellular features that may foreshadow disease progression. We studied the alterations at the transcriptome level in both immune and non-immune cells, utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing, to compare the microenvironment of subsolid, solid, and non-involved lung tissues from surgical resection specimens. This evaluation of early spectrum lung adenocarcinoma reveals a significant decrease in the cytolytic activities of natural killer and natural killer T cells, accompanied by a reduction of effector T cells as well as an increase of CD4 + regulatory T cells in subsolid lesions. Characterization of non-immune cells revealed that both cancer-associated alveolar type 2 cells and fibroblasts contribute to the deregulation of the extracellular matrix, potentially affecting immune infiltration in subsolid lesions through ligand-receptor interactions. These findings suggest a decrement of immune surveillance in subsolid lesions.
PET Imaging of Autotaxin in Thyroid and Breast Cancer Models using [18F]PRIMATX (2021)

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme responsible for producing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The ATX/LPA signalling axis is typically activated in wound healing and tissue repair processes. It is highjacked and upregulated in the progression and persistence of several chronic inflammatory diseases, including cancer. As ATX inhibitors are now progressing to clinical testing, innovative diagnostic tools such as positron emission tomography (PET) are needed for the exact and accurate measurement of ATX expression in vivo. Recently, a radiotracer, [18F]PRIMATX, was developed and tested for PET imaging of ATX in vivo in a murine melanoma model. The goal of the present work was to further validate [18F]PRIMATX as a PET imaging agent by analyzing its in vivo metabolic stability and suitability for PET imaging of ATX in models of human 8305C thyroid tumour and murine 4T1 breast cancer. [18F]PRIMATX displayed favourable metabolic stability in vivo (65% of intact radiotracer after 60 min p.i.) and provided sufficient tumour uptake profiles in both tumour models. Radiotracer uptake could be blocked by 8-12% in 8305C thyroid tumours in the presence of ATX inhibitor AE-32-NZ70 as determined with PET and ex vivo biodistribution analyses. [18F]PRIMATX also showed high brain uptake, which was reduced by 50% through the administration of ATX inhibitor AE-32-NZ70. [18F]PRIMATX is a suitable radiotracer for PET imaging of ATX in the brain and peripheral tumour tissues.
Reducing Proteoglycan Synthesis and NOX Activity by ROCK Inhibitors:Therapeutic Targets in Atherosclerosis (2022)

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the arterial wall. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia are major risk factors of atherosclerosis. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), a serine/threonine kinase, is a downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. ROCK is involved in different stages of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that ROCK signaling plays vital roles in various cellular functions, such as contraction, migration, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Dysregulation of the ROCK pathway is associated with atherosclerosis and hypertension. Experimental studies have shown that ROCK inhibitors may have favorable effects in ameliorating atherosclerosis. ROCK signaling has a role in proteoglycan synthesis through transactivation of the TGF-β receptor Type I (TβRI) mediated by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists (endothelin-1, angiotensin II and …), and ROCK inhibitors could decrease proteoglycan synthesis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Based on the hypothesis that targeting ROCK pathway may be effective in ameliorating atherosclerosis, we suggest that ROCK inhibitors may have a potential therapeutic role in inhibition or slowing atherogenesis. However, for this hypothesis more research is needed.
Is first pregnancy age associated with hypertension in the Chinese rural women population? (2023)

First pregnancy age might increase the risk of hypertension later in life and might be an independent risk factor for hypertension in women.
Ethical problems in genetic linkage studies (1992)

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Metal composition influences optoelectronic quality in mixed-metal lead–tin triiodide perovskite solar absorbers (2020)

By correlating photovoltaic and material properties with metal content, we identify compositional ranges of low and high optoelectronic quality in (FA<sub>0.83</sub>Cs<sub>0.17</sub>)(Pb<sub>1−y</sub>Sn<sub>y</sub>)I<sub>3</sub> perovskites.
Performance of greedy policies for downlink scheduling in networks with relay stations (2011)

We investigate a greedy policy for delay-optimal scheduling in broadband wireless networks using relay stations (RS). The key idea behind the policy is that users should greedily exploit opportunism from time varying channels, while the basestation should prioritize balancing queues at RS. A fluid model is presented to show that such policy is optimal in the fluid regime. By simulation we show that the proposed scheme reduces mean delay by up to 73% compared to backpressure algorithm.
Reaginic antibody formation in the mouse. VII. Induction of suppressor T cells for IgE and IgG antibody responses. (1976)

Intravenous injections of urea-denatured ovalbumin (UD-OA) into OA-primed high responder mice suppressed the antibody response not only to the priming antigen but also to subsequent immunization with dinitrophenyl derivatives of OA (DNP-OA). The transfer of normal spleen cells or OA-primed spleen cells into UD-OA-treated animals did not restore the capacity of responding to DNP-OA to form anti-DNP IgE and IgG antibodies. The transfer of splenic T cell fraction from the UD-OA-treated animals into normal syngeneic mice diminished both IgE and IgG antibody responses of the recipients to DNP-OA. The B cell-rich fraction from the same donors failed to affect the anti-hapten antibody response and enhanced anti-cancer (OA) IgG antibody response of the recipients. It was also found that the transfer of T cell-rich fraction of OA-primed spleen cells failed to suppress antibody response of the recipients to DNP-OA. The results indicated that spleen cells of UD-OA-treated mice contained suppressor T cells which are distinct from helper cells. Suppressive activity of T cells in the UD-OA treated animals was specific for OA. The transfer of the T cell-rich fraction failed to suppress anti-DNP antibody response of the recipients to DNP-KLH.
72 Young Scholar Presentation: Use of medium chain fatty acids as mitigation or prevention strategies against pathogens in swine feed (2020)

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to evaluate: 1) medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) application to swine feed pre- or post-viral contamination with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), 2) MCFA levels and combinations measured by qRT-PCR, and 3) selected MCFA in bioassay. In Exp. 1, treatments were a 2x2 + 1 factorial with the main effects of chemical treatment (0.3% commercial formaldehyde (CF), Sal CURB [Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA] or 1% MCFA blend (Blend) of 1:1:1 C6:C8:C10 [PMI, Arden Hills, MN]) and timing of application pre- or post-inoculation with PEDV; plus a positive control (PC; feed inoculated with PEDV and no chemical treatment). All combinations of treatment and timing decreased detectable PEDV compared to PC (P&amp;lt; 0.05). Pre-inoculation had decreased PEDV detection compared to post-inoculation (P=0.009). Commercial formaldehyde decreased PEDV detection compared to MCFA (P&amp;lt; 0.001). In Exp. 2 and 3, pre-inoculation treatments consisted of: 1) PC, 2) 0.3% CF, and varying levels (0.125-0.66%) and combinations of MCFA (C5:0, C6:0, C8:0, or C10:0). In Exp. 2, treating feed with 0.33% C8:0 decreased (P&amp;lt; 0.05) PEDV detection compared to all levels of MCFA and PC. In Exp. 3, treating feed with CF, 0.5-1% Blend, all levels of C6:0+C8:0, 0.25% C6:0+C10:0, 0.33% C6:0+C10:0, 0.25% C8:0+C10:0, or 0.33% C8:0 + 0.33% C10:0 resulted in decreased PEDV detection compared to PC (P&amp;lt; 0.05). In Exp. 4, feed was treated pre-inoculation with either 1) no treatment (PC), 2) 0.3% CF, 3) 0.5% Blend, or 4) 0.3% C8:0 and analyzed via qRT-PCR and bioassay. Adding 0.5% Blend or 0.3% C8:0 resulted in decreased PEDV detection compared to PC. All chemical treatments resulted in no evidence of infectivity in the bioassay while the positive control did produce evidence of infectivity. In conclusion, lower levels of MCFA than previously evaluated may provide in-feed protection against PEDV.
System-level design of an RFID sweat electrolyte sensor patch (2014)

Wearable digital health devices are dominantly found in rigid form factors such as bracelets and pucks. An adhesive RFID sensor bandage (patch) is reported, which can be made completely intimate with human skin, a distinct advantage for chronological monitoring of biomarkers in sweat. In this demonstration, a commercial RFID chip is adapted with minimum components to allow potentiometric sensing of mM ionic solutes in sweat, and surface temperature, as read by an Android smart-phone app (in-vitro tests).
Evaluation of simulation training in cardiothoracic surgery: The Senior Tour perspective (2021)

OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to introduce senior surgeons, referred to as members of the "Senior Tour," to simulation-based learning and evaluate ongoing simulation efforts in cardiothoracic surgery. METHODS: Thirteen senior cardiothoracic surgeons participated in a 2½-day Senior Tour Meeting. Of 12 simulators, each participant focused on 6 cardiac (small vessel anastomosis, aortic cannulation, cardiopulmonary bypass, aortic valve replacement, mitral valve repair, and aortic root replacement) or 6 thoracic surgical simulators (hilar dissection, esophageal anastomosis, rigid bronchoscopy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy, tracheal resection, and sleeve resection). The participants provided critical feedback regarding the realism and utility of the simulators, which served as the basis for a composite assessment of the simulators. RESULTS: All participants acknowledged that simulation may not provide a wholly immersive experience. For small vessel anastomosis, the portable chest model is less realistic compared with the porcine model, but is valuable in teaching anastomosis mechanics. The aortic cannulation model allows multiple cannulations and can serve as a thoracic aortic surgery model. The cardiopulmonary bypass simulator provides crisis management experience. The porcine aortic valve replacement, mitral valve annuloplasty, and aortic root models are realistic and permit standardized training. The hilar dissection model is subject to variability of porcine anatomy and fragility of the vascular structures. The realistic esophageal anastomosis simulator presents various approaches to esophageal anastomosis. The exercise associated with the rigid bronchoscopy model is brief, and adding additional procedures should be considered. The tracheal resection, sleeve resection, and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy models are highly realistic and simulate advanced maneuvers. CONCLUSIONS: By providing the necessary tools, such as task trainers and assessment instruments, the Senior Tour may be one means to enhance simulation-based learning in cardiothoracic surgery. The Senior Tour members can provide regular programmatic evaluation and critical analyses to ensure that proposed simulators are of educational value.
Difference in the Bonding Scheme of Calix(6)arene and p-Sulfonic Calix(6)arene to Nanoparticles of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 (2007)

Calix(6)arene (C6) and p-sulfonic calix(6)arene (p-C6) formed chemical bonds with Fe(2)O(3) and Fe(3)O(4), respectively. The complexes exhibit different nature of bonding of C6 and p-C6 to the substrates.
Special Issue on Surface Haptics (2020)

The papers in this special issue are focused on recent research advances in the area of surface haptics. Haptics for interactive touch surfaces, also known as surface haptics, is a new area of research in the field of haptics. The goal of surface haptics is to generate haptic effects on physical surfaces such as the touch surfaces used in mobile phones, tablets, kiosks, information displays, and the front panels of new generation home appliances and cars.
Desorption/ionization of biomolecules from aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure using an infrared laser at 3 μm (2002)

A new atmospheric pressure (AP) infrared (IR) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) ion source was developed and interfaced with a Thermo Finnigan LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer. The source utilized a miniature all-solid-state optical parametric oscillator (OPO)-based IR laser system tunable in the lambda = 1.5-4 microm spectral range and a nitrogen ultraviolet (UV) laser (lambda = 337 nm) for use in comparative studies. The system demonstrated comparable performance at 3 microm and 337 nm wavelengths if UV matrices were used. However, AP IR-MALDI using a 3 microm wavelength showed good performance with a much broader choice of matrices including glycerol and liquid water. AP IR-MALDI mass spectra of peptides in the mass range up to 2000 Da were obtained directly from aqueous solutions at atmospheric conditions for the first time. A potential use of the new AP IR-MALDI ion source includes direct MS analysis of biological cells and tissues in a normal atmospheric environment as well as on-line coupling of mass spectrometers with liquid separation techniques.
Spatial and temporal variability in host use by Helicoverpa zea as measured by analyses of stable carbon isotope ratios and gossypol residues (2010)

1. A high dose/refuge strategy has been adopted in the USA to manage the risk of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) resistance in target pests such as the cotton bollworm (CBW), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) in transgenic Bt cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. Structured refuges, consisting of non-Bt cotton, have been a mandated part of this strategy to produce non-selected insects that are temporally and spatially synchronous with insects from the Bt crop, diluting Bt resistance alleles through mating. However, the bollworm is highly polyphagous and exploits a large number of crop and weedy hosts concurrently with Bt cotton. 2. A study was carried out in five major US cotton-producing states during 2002 and 2003 using the ratios of 13C to 12C in bollworm moths to estimate the proportions of the population originating from C3 or C4 plants. A separate study measured gossypol residues in moths from four states in 2005 and 2006, enabling the identification of moths whose natal hosts were cotton rather than other C3 hosts. 3. C4 hosts served as the principal source of bollworm moths from mid-to-late June to early September, depending on the state. Beginning in late August/early September and lasting 1–4 weeks, the majority of moths exhibited isotopic compositions characteristic of C3 hosts. During this period, however, the minimum percentage of moths that developed as larvae on C4 hosts was typically >25%. By mid-September and through October and November, the majority of the bollworm population exhibited C4 isotopic compositions. 4. Between late June and early August, cotton-derived bollworm moths (moths with gossypol residues) comprised <1% of moths in all states, and remained below this level throughout the season in North Carolina. In other states, cotton-derived moths increased between early August and early September to peak at an average of 19·1% of all moths. 5. Synthesis and applications. Data on 13C/12C ratios and gossypol residues in CBW moths were used to assess the importance of structured non-Bt cotton refuges for the management of Bt resistance risk in H. zea. Weekly estimates of bollworm breeding on cotton, C3 plants other than cotton and C4 plants showed that, throughout the season, the majority of bollworm moths caught in pheromone traps adjacent to cotton fields did not develop as larvae on cotton. This result implies that management practices in cotton such as the use of structured cotton refuges will play a relatively minor role – particularly compared with maize Zea mays L. – in managing potential resistance to Bt cotton in populations of the CBW in the US Cotton Belt.
The Difference an Idea Makes: The Art of Brainstorming (1985)

No abstract available for this article.