gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incremental Benefits of a Team Approach to Reservoir Management (1996)

Abstract Teamwork is the norm for the petroleum industry where teams of geologists, geophysicists, and petroleum engineers work together to improve profits through a better understanding of reservoir size, compartmentalization, and orientation as well as reservoir flow characteristics. An integrated study of the Terry Sandstone production from the Hambert-Aristocrat Field, Weld County, Colorado was used to document the process of integration. The process of integration has proven to be iterative. This paper gives specific examples of how a multidisciplinary approach was used to improve the reservoir description and to narrow the uncertainty in the reserves estimates in the study area. The incremental benefit of narrowing the uncertainty in reserve estimates is estimated to have a NPV discounted at 10% of $20 million for the area studied. This work, done with the support of the Department of Energy, is directed to the needs of the independent oil producer. Introduction The Hambert-Aristocrat Field in the Denver Julesburg Basin in Colorado was selected to test methods of integration. The Denver Julesburg Basin, Fig. 1, has been one of the most active in the country. The Hambert-Aristocrat Field, discovered in 1972, produces oil and gas from the Cretaceous Terry Sandstone along the east side of the Denver Basin. The Terry Sandstone in the study area produces from a depth of approximately 4500 feet, and there are approximately 101 Terry completions. Teamwork and integrated reservoir management is the current method of problem solving in the petroleum industry. A specific project goal is to demonstrate how a multidisciplinary approach can be used to detect reservoir compartmentalization and to improve the reservoir description and reserves estimates. This paper presents a discussion of the concept of multiple working hypotheses, a general strategy for integration, a final interpretation for the study area, examples of integration, and the economic benefits of reducing the uncertainty in reserves estimates. Multiple Perspectives The challenge for the independent operators is to know when to integrate and at what level the integration should take place to make the most out of available data. Cycle time for the iterations, another consideration if profits are to be maximized as a result of the integration, are not addressed in this research. The approach espoused by T.C. Chamberlain in his classic paper "The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses" is the challenge for independent oil and gas operators. This classic paper is based on a presentation made by T.C. Chamberlain in the late 1800's. This paper is significant since it challenges the investigator to consider multiple perspectives rather than using the "Ruling Theory" where we interpret before the facts are known or we hinge our interpretation on a single working hypothesis and force the facts to fit the hypothesis. In practice, application of the concept of multiple perspectives is not easy. When we read the literature (as we should) it is easy to fall into the trap of forcing the facts to fit the current interpretation.
Kairomones effect on parasitic activity of Trichogramma japonicum against rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (2020)

Abstract The yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas , is a borer pest of low‐land rice in tropical regions of the world, reducing production and productivity. Chemical control of YSB is challenging and often less effective due to its cryptic larval feeding behaviour inside the rice culm. Biological suppression of YSB, using egg parasitoid, Trichogramma japonicum , has been well demonstrated. Kairomones, that are interspecific, play a vital role in deciding biocontrol efficiency of egg parasitoid against lepidopteran pests. However, the mechanisms involved in terms of emission of long‐ and short‐chain volatile chemicals from YSB and its by‐products and YSB damaged rice plants in attraction to T. japonicum to locate eggs of YSB are still poorly understood. In order to trace out the volatile compounds responsible for attraction of egg parasitoid, the hexane extract of YSB female whole body and acetone extract of YSB damaged rice culm were subject to GC‐MS analyses. Out of 20 chemicals, four chemicals belonging to carboxyl, alkane and saturated fatty acid [n‐hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), tetradecane, octadecane, n‐octadecanoic acid (stearic acid)] from female YSB hexane extract and three sesquiterpenoids (β pinene, α pinene and caryophyllene) from YSB damaged rice plant extracts were detected in greater concentrations. In laboratory assays with the synthetic form of seven chemicals, three, n‐hexadecanoic acid, n‐octadecanoic acid and octadecane, were promising in enhancing the parasitic activity of T. japonicum on YSB eggs from 26.4% to 92.6% at 200 ppm, 27.3% to 96.5% at 500 ppm and 23.6% to 82.8% at 500 ppm, respectively, in contrast to untreated eggs (87.3% at 7 th day after exposure) and hexane washed eggs (16.7% at 7 th day after exposure). Evaluation of these compounds revealed the key chemical cues of biocontrol potential (n‐hexadecanoic acid, n‐octadecanoic acid and octadecane) for enhancing egg parasitism activity of T. japonicum on YSB eggs.
Authors' Reply (2001)

We strongly agree with Dr. Edwards and colleagues that RFE should be used with caution on articular cartilage. It is a surgical device that, when applied improperly, can cause significant irreversible damage to the articular cartilage, not unlike other surgical instruments designed for tissue removal. However, we disagree with several of their assertions. First, this is a bipolar device that should not be compared with the monopolar device they refer to in their in vivo study. The monopolar device requires direct contact with the tissue and much higher energy levels.1Rand JA Gaffey TA. Effect of electrocautery on fresh human articular cartilage.Arthroscopy. 1985; 4: 242-246Google Scholar Second, temperatures during bipolar RF ablation are in the range of 53°C to 78°C as measured by fluoroptic thermometry.2Shellock FG, Shields CL. Radiofrequency energy induced heating of bovine articular cartilage using a bipolar RF electrode. Am J Sports Med (in press).Google Scholar Third, the use of confocal microscopy to determine chondrocyte viability has not been validated. This staining technique was first used in the human cornea to assess the value of transplant material before surgery.3Assays for cell viability proliferation and chemicals. Chap 15. Eugene, OR: Molecular Probes, Inc.Google Scholar It is particularly sensitive to heat and pH fluctuations, either of which can alter the interpretation. Heat, for example, can increase the pore size in the membrane, allowing red dye to enter the cell, causing it to appear dead when, in fact, the cell may recover. Only long-term histologic assessment can answer the question of viability. Currently, the only study published that has done this is that of Turner et al.4Turner AS Tippet JW Powers BE et al.Radiofrequency ablation of articular cartilage: A study in sheep.Arthroscopy. 1998; 14: 585-591Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (88) Google Scholar They looked at articular cartilage 6 months after treatment with RF and found no evidence of cell death. Our own second looks and unpublished rabbit study confirm their findings. Finally, in the clinical setting, the articular cartilage that is being ablated is either degenerated, loose, or delaminated. Contact with normal cartilage is minimal. In their in vitro studies, the authors used contact times that exceeded what would be clinically relevant.
MMX Mesalamine for the Treatment of Active Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis (2006)

Purpose: Current mesalamine (5-ASA) treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) are often associated with complex dosing regimens that may lead to poor compliance and reduced efficacy. SPD476–302, a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III study recently demonstrated the efficacy of MMX™ mesalamine (SPD476), a high-strength (1.2g/tablet) 5-ASA formulation designed for once-daily dosing, in inducing remission in patients with mild-to-moderately active UC. Given the importance of evidence-based medicine for patient care, number needed to treat (NNT) analyses are frequently used for making treatment decisions in clinical practice. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the NNT associated with MMX mesalamine-related induction of remission in UC. Methods: In study SPD476–302, patients with mild-to-moderate UC received MMX mesalamine 2.4g/day given once daily (QD), MMX mesalamine 4.8g/day given QD, Asacol® given three times daily (TID) or placebo. The primary endpoint was clinical and endoscopic remission (modified UC-disease activity index score of ≤1, with a rectal bleeding and stool frequency score of 0, no mucosal friability, and ≥1 point reduction in sigmoidoscopy score from baseline) after 8 weeks' treatment. An NNT analysis was completed for remission at 8 weeks. Results: See table.Table: Evidence-based analysis of remission.Conclusions: NNT analysis shows that, versus placebo, for one patient with mild-to-moderately active UC to achieve clinical and endoscopic remission (using stringent criteria) at week 8, six patients need to be treated with MMX mesalamine (2.4g/day or 4.8g/day given QD) while 10 patients need to be treated with Asacol 2.4g/day given TID. This research was funded by Shire Pharmaceuticals Inc., Wayne, PA, USA
A Dynamic Optimization Approach to the Scheduling Problem in Satellite and Wireless Broadcast Systems (2002)

The continuous growth in the demand for access to information andthe increasing number of users of the information delivery systemshave sparked the need for highly scalable systems with moreefficient usage of the bandwidth. One of the effective methods forefficient use of the bandwidth is to provide the information to agroup of users simultaneously via broadcast delivery. Generally,all applications that deliver the popular data packages (trafficinformation, weather, stocks, web pages) are suitable candidatesfor broadcast delivery and satellite or wireless networks withtheir inherent broadcast capability are the natural choices forimplementing such applications.In this report, we investigate one of the most important problemsin broadcast delivery i.e., the broadcast scheduling problem. Thisproblem arises in broadcast systems with a large number of datapackages and limited broadcast channels and the goal is to findthe best sequence of broadcasts in order to minimize the average waiting time of the users.We first formulate the problem as a dynamic optimization problemand investigate the properties of the optimal solution. Later, weuse the bandit problem formulation to address a version of theproblem where all packages have equal lengths. We find anasymptotically optimal index policy for that problem and comparethe results with some well-known heuristic methods.
Biological Risks from Disinfection By-Products from Chlorination and Chloramination of Water Containing Phthalates Contaminants (2015)

Plastic products are ubiquitous and were used in storage and transportation of water in many countries. Plastic water pipes are popular for water distribution due to their low cost and durability. However, presence of plasticizers (i.e., various phthalates), unreacted monomers and solvents in low quality plastic pipes used in less developed countries present a potential, long-term health threat. The two major plasticizers found in PVC are diethyl phthalates and diethylhexyl phthalates of which the effects of chlorinated and chloroaminated water are still not well understood. The low cost, high effectiveness and persistence of chlorine makes it the disinfectant of choice for water, but the reactivity of chlorine can lead to undesired disinfection by-products (DBP) of varying toxicity and bioactivity. These include the well-known carcinogens such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Chloramine is becoming increasing popular in United States, where it is known to produce less disinfection byproducts. The aim of this work is to observe the reactions between the phthalate compounds and disinfected drinking water, and the resulting bioactivity of the water. Water matrix is found to play a significant role in byproduct formation, and the phthalates exposed to chlorine and chloramine although did not showed a significant change in acute toxicity and genotoxicity, it did showed an increased anti-estrogenic activity that could have a long term health implication.
Load-pull measurement of SiGe:C HBT in BiCMOS 55 nm featuring 11 dBm of output power at 185 GHz (2022)

In this paper, we report high power performances at 185 GHz on single ended heterojunction bipolar transistors in the BiCMOS055 technology. Three device sizes were designed and characterized up to their saturation region. This was possible thanks to a power setup which offers an available input power up to 13.9 dBm at 185 GHz. An innovative integrated tuner was also designed with each transistor to vary the load at the on-wafer output DUT plane. The output power, power gain and power added efficiency are finally extracted under different load conditions. An output power of 11.3 dBm ± 0.5 dB is reached for the larger effective emitter area that is 1.112μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Dissecting the Effect of Genetic Variation on the Hepatic Expression of Drug Disposition Genes across the Collaborative Cross Mouse Strains (2016)

A central challenge in pharmaceutical research is to investigate genetic variation in response to drugs. The Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse reference population is a promising model for pharmacogenomic studies because of its large amount of genetic variation, genetic reproducibility, and dense recombination sites. While the CC lines are phenotypically diverse, their genetic diversity in drug disposition processes, such as detoxification reactions, is still largely uncharacterized. Here we systematically measured RNA-sequencing expression profiles from livers of 29 CC lines under baseline conditions. We then leveraged a reference collection of metabolic biotransformation pathways to map potential relations between drugs and their underlying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). By applying this approach on proximal eQTLs, including eQTLs acting on the overall expression of genes and on the expression of particular transcript isoforms, we were able to construct the organization of hepatic eQTL-drug connectivity across the CC population. The analysis revealed a substantial impact of genetic variation acting on drug biotransformation, allowed mapping of potential joint genetic effects in the context of individual drugs, and demonstrated crosstalk between drug metabolism and lipid metabolism. Our findings provide a resource for investigating drug disposition in the CC strains, and offer a new paradigm for integrating biotransformation reactions to corresponding variations in DNA sequences.
Percorsi storico-educativi della memoria europea. La Shoah nella società italiana (2014)

I percorsi di costruzione e mutamento della memoria europea. Come i luoghi di memoria internazionali e nazionali hanno modificato i propri percorsi in relazione ai contesti sociali mutati storicamente. Dal Museo statale di Auschwitz ai silenzi di memorie secondarie e mai entrate nei libri di scuola e nella formazione.
NGS better discriminates true MRD positivity for the risk stratification of childhood ALL treated on an MRD-based protocol (2022)

We compared minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) levels evaluated by routinely used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) patient-specific assays and by next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach in 780 immunoglobulin (IG) and T-cell receptor (TR) markers in 432 children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 protocol. Our aim was to compare the MRD-based risk stratification at the end of induction. The results were concordant in 639 of 780 (81.9%) of these markers; 37 of 780 (4.7%) markers were detected only by NGS. In 104 of 780 (13.3%) markers positive only by qPCR, a large fraction (23/104; 22.1%) was detected also by NGS, however, owing to the presence of identical IG/TR rearrangements in unrelated samples, we classified those as nonspecific/false-positive. Risk group stratification based on the MRD results by qPCR and NGS at the end of induction was concordant in 76% of the patients; 19% of the patients would be assigned to a lower risk group by NGS, largely owing to the elimination of false-positive qPCR results, and 5% of patients would be assigned to a higher risk group by NGS. NGS MRD is highly concordant with qPCR while providing more specific results and can be an alternative in the front line of MRD evaluation in forthcoming MRD-based protocols.
Growth kinetics of microalgae in microfluidic static droplet arrays (2012)

We investigated growth kinetics of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris, in immobilized arrays of nanoliter-scale microfluidic drops. These static drop arrays enabled simultaneous monitoring of growth of single as well as multiple cells encapsulated in individual droplets. To monitor the growth, individual drop volumes were kept nearly intact for more than a month by controlling the permeation of water in and out of the microfluidic device. The kinetic growth parameters were quantified by counting the increase in the number of cells in each drop over time. In addition to determining the kinetic parameters, the cell-size distribution of the microalgae was correlated with different stages of the growth. The single-cell growth kinetics of C. vulgaris showed significant heterogeneity. The specific growth rate ranged from 0.55 to 1.52 day(-1) for different single cells grown in the same microfluidic device. In comparison, the specific growth rate in bulk-scale experiment was 1.12 day(-1). It was found that the average cell size changes significantly at different stages of the cell growth. The mean cell-size increased from 5.99 ± 1.08 to 7.33 ± 1.3 µm from exponential to stationary growth phase. In particular, when multiple cells are grown in individual drops, we find that in the stationary growth phase, the cell size increases with the age of cell suggesting enhanced accumulation of fatty acids in older cells.
Kinematic MR imaging of the patellofemoral joint: comparison of passive positioning and active movement techniques. (1992)

Thirteen patients underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the patellofemoral joint in an evaluation of passive positioning and active movement kinematic MR imaging techniques. Sixteen joints were symptomatic, and 10 were not. Delineation of normal and abnormal patellar alignment and tracking was similar with the two techniques, but kinematic MR imaging performed with active movement allowed a substantial reduction in examination time while permitting evaluation of the contribution of associated activated muscles and soft-tissue structures to patellofemoral joint function.
A 1-kHz-repetition-rate 100-fs CEP-stable Mid-IR Parametric Amplifier Tunable across the Mid-IR Fingerprint Region (2016)

We report a novel source for mid-IR nonlinear spectroscopy in the molecular fingerprint spectral range based on a white-light-seeded ZnGeP2 OPA tunable in the 3-4.2 µm (signal) and 4.2-7 µm (idler) range and pumped by a 1-ps 2090-nm Ho:YAG laser.
Record High Electron Mobility of 6.3 cm2V−1s−1 Achieved for Polymer Semiconductors Using a New Building Block (2014)

A new electron acceptor building block, 3,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c ]pyrrole-1,4(2H ,5H)-dione (DBPy), is used to construct a donor-acceptor polymer, PDBPyBT. This polymer exhibits a strong self-assembly capability, to form highly crystalline and oriented thin films with a short π-π stacking distance of 0.36 nm. PDBPyBT shows ambipolar charge-transport performance in organic thin-film transistors, reaching a record high electron-mobility value of 6.30 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1).
Beam Generation and Transport for a THz TWT (2006)

This paper describes research on the generation of a 10 keV, 50 × 300 micron elliptical electron beamfor a 650 GHz TWT amplifier.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of L‐scyllo‐Inositol 1,2,4‐Trisphosphate, scyllo‐Inositol 1, 2,4,5‐Tetrakisphosphate and Phosphorothioate and DL‐2‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐ myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐Trisphosphate: Optical Resolution of DL‐1‐O‐Allyl‐3, 6‐di O‐benzyl‐4,5‐O‐isopropylidene‐scyllo‐inositol. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cannabinoid CB1receptor‐interacting proteins: novel targets for central nervous system drug discovery? (2010)

The main pharmacological effects of marijuana, as well as synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids, are mediated through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including CB(1) and CB(2) receptors. The CB(1) receptor is the major cannabinoid receptor in the central nervous system and has gained increasing interest as a target for drug discovery for treatment of nausea, cachexia, obesity, pain, spasticity, neurodegenerative diseases and mood and substance abuse disorders. Evidence has accumulated to suggest that CB(1) receptors, like other GPCRs, interact with and are regulated by several other proteins beyond the established role of heterotrimeric G-proteins. These proteins, which include the GPCR kinases, beta-arrestins, GPCR-associated sorting proteins, factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase, other GPCRs (heterodimerization) and the novel cannabinoid receptor-interacting proteins: CRIP(1a/b), are thought to play important roles in the regulation of intracellular trafficking, desensitization, down-regulation, signal transduction and constitutive activity of CB(1) receptors. This review examines CB(1) receptor-interacting proteins, including heterotrimeric G-proteins, but with particular emphasis on non-G-protein entities, that might comprise the CB(1) receptosomal complex. The evidence for direct interaction with CB(1) receptors and potential functional roles of these interacting proteins is discussed, as are future directions and challenges in this field with an emphasis on the possibility of eventually targeting these proteins for drug discovery.
Diffraction analysis of three-dimensional volume gratings with arbitrary boundaries (1989)

On the basis of two-dimensional coupled-wave theory, the diffraction of finite bounded beams with arbitrary profiles by nonuniform, arbitrarily bounded mixed volume gratings is described, taking into account deviations from the Bragg condition, attenuation of the modulation depth, and constant absorption. The resulting differential equations are solved numerically with a two-dimensional Runge–Kutta method. The quality of the diffracted beam is influenced strongly by the deviation from the Bragg case. Planar finite gratings in contrast to crossed-beam gratings, show a smoothing effect of the diffraction characteristics. This is also found for crossed-beam gratings with a moderate attenuation. It is demonstrated that the amplitude profiles of the grating writing beams and the readout beams have a strong influence on the intensity profiles of the diffracted beams.