gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multilayer Epitaxial Graphene on Silicon Carbide: A Stable Working Electrode for Seawater Samples Spiked with Environmental Contaminants (2020)

The electrochemical response of multilayer epitaxial graphene electrodes on silicon carbide substrates was studied for use as an electrochemical sensor for seawater samples spiked with environmental contaminants using cyclic square wave voltammetry. Results indicate that these graphene working electrodes are more robust and have lower background current than either screen-printed carbon or edge-plane graphite in seawater. Identification algorithms developed using machine learning techniques are described for several heavy metals, herbicides, pesticides, and industrial compounds. Dose-response curves provide a basis for quantitative analysis.
Characterization of glycolytic enzyme interactions with murine erythrocyte membranes in wild-type and membrane protein knockout mice (2008)

Previous research has shown that glycolytic enzymes (GEs) exist as multienzyme complexes on the inner surface of human erythrocyte membranes. Because GE binding sites have been mapped to sequences on the membrane protein, band 3, that are not conserved in other mammalian homologs, the question arose whether GEs can organize into complexes on other mammalian erythrocyte membranes. To address this, murine erythrocytes were stained with antibodies to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase and analyzed by confocal microscopy. GEs were found to localize to the membrane in oxygenated erythrocytes but redistributed to the cytoplasm upon deoxygenation, as seen in human erythrocytes. To identify membrane proteins involved in GE assembly, erythrocytes from mice lacking each of the major erythrocyte membrane proteins were examined for GE localization. GEs from band 3 knockout mice were not membrane associated but distributed throughout the cytoplasm, regardless of erythrocyte oxygenation state. In contrast, erythrocytes from mice lacking alpha-spectrin, ankyrin, protein 4.2, protein 4.1, beta-adducin, or dematin headpiece exhibited GEs bound to the membrane. These data suggest that oxygenation-dependent assembly of GEs on the membrane could be a general phenomenon of mammalian erythrocytes and that stability of these interactions depends primarily on band 3.
Influence of Diethyl Maleate and Cysteine on Tissue Glutathione and Growth in Broiler Chickens (1995)

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of diethyl maleate (DEM) and l-cysteine (L-Cys) on tissue glutathione (GSH) and growth in male broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, broilers were treated with DEM (0, 1.5, 3, 6, or 12.0 mmol/kg BW, i.p.). After 1 h, maximum GSH depletions were to 9, 24, 20, 19, and 35% of control (0 mmol DEM/kg) for liver, lung, kidney, heart, and brain, respectively. In Experiment 2, time-course changes following 1.5 mmol DEM/kg (i.p.) were determined; time-controls received an equal amount of corn oil (CO, .25 mL/kg BW). Levels of GSH in all tissues were low at 1 and 2 h after DEM in comparison to time-control values. Tissue GSH concentrations returned to values that were not different from controls by 5 h in liver and kidney, by 12 h in heart, and by 24 h in brain and lung. In Experiment 3, the effects of feeding a control diet (0% L-Cys) or one supplemented with 1% L-Cys from 3 to 7 wk of age with weekly i.p. injections (at 3,4,5, and 6 wk of age) of DEM (1.5 mmol/kg BW) or CO (.25 mL/kg BW) on growth rate and tissue GSH were determined. There were no differences in BW among treatment groups between 3 and 6 wk of age. Although there were no differences in 7-wk BW between controls (0% L-Cys/CO) and birds treated with DEM fed either diet, the 1% L-Cys/CO group was heavier (P < .05) than either the 0% or 1% L-Cys/DEM groups, and heavier (P = .066) than controls at 7 wk of age. At 5 wk of age, 1% L-Cys raised GSH concentrations in liver, kidney, lung, and duodenum, but had no effect on heart GSH in birds treated with either CO or DEM. Control hepatic GSH concentrations were higher at 7 than at 5 wk of age. With the exception of duodenal GSH in CO birds, 1% L-Cys had no effect on tissue GSH concentrations in 7-wk-old birds. The results of this study provide an initial characterization of GSH metabolism in commercial male broilers and indicate that DEM produced dose- and time-dependent changes in GSH similar to reported changes in mammals. Results of this study also indicate that increased tissue GSH may be beneficial for growth.
An 8 MHz, 80 Ms/s switched-current filter (2002)

Since its introduction in 1989, the switched-current (SI) technique for sampled-data signal processing has claimed the advantage over switched-capacitors of needing only digital CMOS processing, making it cheaper and more amenable to mixed-signal ICs. Attempts to raise the performance to match that of switched-capacitors has had mixed success, and some silicon implementations have been reported. A recent advance, called S/sup 2/I, promises the highest overall performance yet. This paper demonstrates that switched current filters can not only compete with switched-capacitors and use simpler IC processing but also perform well with sampling frequencies of at least 80 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Dual Inverter-Based Supercapacitor Direct Integration Scheme for Wind Energy Conversion Systems (2013)

Interfacing converters used in connecting energy storage systems like supercapacitors and battery banks to wind power systems introduce additional cost and power losses. This paper therefore presents a direct integration scheme for supercapacitors used in mitigating short-term power fluctuations in wind power systems. This scheme uses a dual inverter topology for both grid connection and interfacing a supercapacitor bank. The main inverter of the dual inverter system is powered by the rectified output of a wind turbine-coupled permanent-magnet synchronous generator. The auxiliary inverter is directly connected to the supercapacitor bank. With this approach, an interfacing converter is not required, and there are no associated costs and power losses incurred. The operation of the proposed system is discussed in detail. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed system in suppressing short-term wind power fluctuations.
Nanoscale Consecutive Self-Assembly of Thin-Film Molecular Materials for Electrooptic Switching. Chemical Streamlining and Ultrahigh Response Chromophores (2002)

A broadly applicable approach to formation of self-assembled organic electrooptic superlattices for high-speed switching is reported. This two-step “one-pot” method involves (i) layer-by-layer covalent self-assembly of intrinsically acentric monolayers of a new high-hyperpolarizability donor−acceptor aminophenylbenzothiazolpyridinium chromophore (β(0.65 eV)calcd = 1620 × 10-30 cm5 esu-1) on hydrophilic substrates and (ii) in-situ chromophore deprotection concurrent with self-limiting “capping”/planarization of each chromophore layer with octachlorotrisiloxane. The resulting organic films are characterized using a combination of physicochemical methodolgies including synchrotron X-ray specular reflectivity, angle-dependent polarized second harmonic generation spectroscopy, optical spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and advancing contact angle measurements. The superlattices exhibit very large second-order responses, χ(2) ≈ 370 pm/V, and a large macroscopic electrooptic coefficient, r33 ≈ 120 pm/V, is estimated at λ0 = 1064 nm.
User-defined single pot mutagenesis using unamplified oligo pools (2019)

User-defined mutagenic libraries are fundamental for applied protein engineering workflows. Here we show that unamplified oligo pools can be used to prepare site saturation mutagenesis libraries from plasmid DNA with near-complete coverage of desired mutations and few off-target mutations. We find that oligo pools yield higher quality libraries when compared to individually synthesized degenerate oligos. We also show that multiple libraries can be multiplexed into a single oligo pool, making preparation of multiple libraries less expensive and more convenient. We provide software for automatic oligo pool design that can generate mutagenic oligos for saturating or focused libraries.
Reprogramming of the intestinal epithelial-immune cell interactome during SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an unprecedented worldwide health problem. Although the primary site of infection is the lung, growing evidence points towards a crucial role of the intestinal epithelium. Yet, the exact effects of viral infection and the role of intestinal epithelial-immune cell interactions in mediating the inflammatory response are not known. In this work, we apply network biology approaches to single-cell RNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 infected human ileal and colonic organoids to investigate how altered intracellular pathways upon infection in intestinal enterocytes leads to modified epithelial-immune crosstalk. We point out specific epithelial-immune interactions which could help SARS-CoV-2 evade the immune response. By integrating our data with existing experimental data, we provide a set of epithelial ligands likely to drive the inflammatory response upon infection. Our integrated analysis of intra- and inter-cellular molecular networks contribute to finding potential drug targets, and suggest using existing anti-inflammatory therapies in the gut as promising drug repurposing strategies against COVID-19.
A 10 GS/s Distributed Waveform Generator for Sub-Nanosecond Pulse Generation and Modulation in 0.18&#x003BC;m Standard Digital CMOS (2007)

A distributed waveform generator is presented for sub-nanosecond pulse generation in UWB impulse radios. It time-interleaves multiple digital pulse generators, and uses an on-chip transmission line for wideband pulse combining. Compared to other UWB pulse generation and shaping solutions, it is low power and fully reconfigurable. A 10-tap, 10 GS/s prototype was implemented in 0.18μm standard digital CMOS. It consumes 50 mW at 1 GHz pulse repetition rate. On-off keying modulation is demonstrated using 16 Mb/s PRBS data.
Kinetic Improvement of the Gel-sol Transition of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels Utilizing a High Surface Area Host (2023)

Rapid reversible phase transitions of biocompatible thermoresponsive sealants (TRS) upon cooling are required for their practical application in many sectors. The gel–sol transition rate of the TRS studied here [poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl acrylate 95:5, number-averaged molecular weight = 7–64 kg mol–1] after being heated to 50 °C is slowed dramatically. The unheated materials return to a free-flowing sol form in a matter of minutes, while the heated materials remain in a gel or solid form for hours. The gel–sol transition of these polymers is enhanced in the presence of a high surface area host in the form of open-cell foams such as polyurethane (PUR), polyimide (PIM), hydrophilic polyurethane Aquazone (AQZ), and neoprene (NEO). An enhanced rate of sol formation on cooling and high TRS recovery (74–99%) were observed across a range of foam types and pore sizes when compared to samples stored without a host (9% recovery). Polyurethane demonstrates the greatest increase in TRS recovery (∼10-fold) after storing the TRS solution at 50 °C followed by cooling for 10 min at 0 °C, maintaining the thermally reversible gelation and mechanical strength of the TRS. Crucially, rheological measurements demonstrate that the viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus are not significantly affected by storage in a foam host. This work may be potentially extended to other injectable in situ forming hydrogels, which have suitable mechanical strength but less ideal phase transition times.
Preparation of Photostable Fluorescent InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Embedded in TMAS-Derived Silica (2017)

Cd-free fluorescent InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) have attracted attention for use as color converters of liquid crystal displays. To protect InP/ZnS QDs from oxygen, which degrades them by photo-oxidation during excitation, we fabricated a transparent monolithic silica composite containing the QDs using an aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium silicate (TMAS) as a silica source. The TMAS solution was basic and readily dispersed the negatively charged QDs obtained by ligand exchange of 1-dodecanethiol for 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). A highly transparent monolithic TMAS-derived silica composite containing the MPA-modified QDs (InP/ZnS-MPA@TMAS) was obtained from the aqueous QD dispersion through a sol–gel process. The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of InP/ZnS-MPA@TMAS was 21.7%. Changes in PL intensity under continuous 400-nm excitation were measured to evaluate the photostability of the QDs in InP/ZnS-MPA@TMAS. The PL intensity of InP/ZnS-MPA@TMAS was over 90% of the initial value after 180 min, while that of a reference polymethylmethacrylate film containing hydrophobic QDs decreased to 69%. The higher photostability of InP/ZnS-MPA@TMAS than that of the reference film was explained by the TMAS-derived silica acting as a gas barrier to protect the embedded QDs from photo-oxidation by oxygen in air.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Huperzine A (I) and Its Analogues and Their Anticholinesterase Activity. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
HPTLC bioautography as a potent tool for the discovery of new tyrosinase inhibitors from Greek flora (2014)

Tyrosinase is an enzyme which is responsible for melanogenesis in animals and browning in plants and fungi. Since nature offers a unique set of active compounds that could be a source of new leads for skin-care cosmetics, there is a great interest in tyrosinase inhibitors originating from natural products [1,2]. The aim of the present study was to discover and isolate natural compounds with anti-hyperpigmenting activity from plant extracts. A total of about 120 plant species from Greek flora were collected and extracted producing around 240 extracts. Extracts were initially studied for their phytochemical profile with three different methods developed on HPTLC based on their chemical characteristics. Thereafter the extracts were in vitro evaluated for their activity against tyrosinase. Based on the above results (chemical profile & biological activity) seven most promising extracts were selected for further study. At this point there was a need for a technique which integrates chromatographic separation and biological detection of active compounds. This was achieved by developing an HPTLC bioautographic method for the detection of tyrosinase inhibitors. Directly after the chromatographic separation the plate was sprayed homogenously with L-Dopa and tyrosinase. After incubation the plate was captured in white light and the active compounds appeared as white spots against a dark background [3]. The main advantage of this method in comparison with in vitro assays, is the ability to detect minor active metabolites from plant extracts. After the detection of the active compounds several chromatographic techniques and especially FCPC were used for the isolation of the most promising ones. Several compounds belonging to various chemical categories were purified and their tyrosinase activity was evaluated. In conclusion, HPTLC combined with enzymatic assays represents an efficient technique in the bio-guided isolation of natural compounds.
Bubble Proliferation or Dissolution of Cavitation Nuclei in the Beam Path of a Shock-Wave Lithotripter (2015)

Kidney stones are a common and painful affliction, but fortunately physics offers some relief: Sound can be used to break up the stones, without invasive surgery. Efficacy of this ``lithotripsy'' treatment, however, depends strongly on cavitation, which can both attenuate the sound waves and provoke significant tissue damage. In this collaboration between a physicist, engineers, and materials scientists, our understanding of this process is advanced through measurements and modeling, providing insight into the relations between bubble dynamics and lithotripsy effectiveness.
A Video Coding Framework with Spatial Scalability (2007)

A new video coding paradigm, distributed video coding, has been the focus of many recent studies. In this paper we present a simple video coding framework, based on the principles of distributed coding, that can be applied to any video coding standards with minor modifications. The framework allows spatial scalability of the non-reference frames, and does not need any feedback channel between the encoder and decoder. The complexity in the encoder is reduced since the non-reference frames are coded at lower spatial resolution. At the decoder, side-information is generated using the reference frames through motion estimation and compensation. Results using the H.263+ standard are shown.
Electron Focusing in a Widely Tapered Cross Junction (1991)

Magnetic electron focusing in a two-dimensional electron gas within a widely tapered cross junction is observed. The cross junction consists of a square-shaped open space and four narrow probes attached to the corners. The periodicity of peaks in the Hall and bend resistances is in good agreement with the focusing field for an electron injected at 90° to the boundary connecting the injection and collection probes. Numerical simulation, taking electrons as classical billiard balls, explains most of the experimental features.
Ultrathin Organic Solar Cells with Graphene Doped by Ferroelectric Polarization (2014)

Graphene has been employed as transparent electrodes in organic solar cells (OSCs) because of its good physical and optical properties. However, the electrical conductivity of graphene films synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is still inferior to that of conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes of comparable transparency, resulting in a lower performance of OSCs. Here, we report an effective method to improve the performance and long-term stability of graphene-based OSCs using electrostatically doped graphene films via a ferroelectric polymer. The sheet resistance of electrostatically doped few layer graphene films was reduced to ∼70 Ω/sq at 87% optical transmittance. Such graphene-based OSCs exhibit an efficiency of 2.07% with a superior stability when compared to chemically doped graphene-based OSCs. Furthermore, OSCs constructed on ultrathin ferroelectric film as a substrate of only a few micrometers show extremely good mechanical flexibility and durability and can be rolled up into a cylinder with 7 mm diameter.
Microglial activation is inversely associated with cognition in individuals living with HIV on effective antiretroviral therapy (2018)

The findings add to the growing body of evidence that immune-mediated brain injury may contribute to domain specific, HIV-associated, cognitive vulnerabilities despite viral suppression.
665: Bispecific Antisense Inhibition of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 in Prostate Cancer Cells Triggers Apoptosis and Delays Tumor Growth Both in VITRO and in VIVO (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 19, Monday, May 21, 2007, 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 2007665: Bispecific Antisense Inhibition of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 in Prostate Cancer Cells Triggers Apoptosis and Delays Tumor Growth Both in VITRO and in VIVO Mototsugu Muramaki, Michael Cox, Hideaki Miyake, Masato Fujisawa, and Martin E. Gleave Mototsugu MuramakiMototsugu Muramaki More articles by this author , Michael CoxMichael Cox More articles by this author , Hideaki MiyakeHideaki Miyake More articles by this author , Masato FujisawaMasato Fujisawa More articles by this author , and Martin E. GleaveMartin E. Gleave More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30905-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "665: Bispecific Antisense Inhibition of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 in Prostate Cancer Cells Triggers Apoptosis and Delays Tumor Growth Both in VITRO and in VIVO." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 223 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 223 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Mototsugu Muramaki More articles by this author Michael Cox More articles by this author Hideaki Miyake More articles by this author Masato Fujisawa More articles by this author Martin E. Gleave More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
PET positivity – the agony of choice: response assessment and interpretation of increased FDG uptake of residual mediastinal tissue after frontline therapy in Hodgkin lymphoma (2020)

What is it that we actually see when looking at PET (positron emission tomography)-positive signals in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)?The PET image visualizes the distribution and uptake of a previously int...
Acetylcholine prioritises direct synaptic inputs from entorhinal cortex to CA1 by differential modulation of feedforward inhibitory circuits (2021)

Acetylcholine release in the hippocampus plays a central role in the formation of new memory representations. An influential but largely untested theory proposes that memory formation requires acetylcholine to enhance responses in CA1 to new sensory information from entorhinal cortex whilst depressing inputs from previously encoded representations in CA3. Here, we show that excitatory inputs from entorhinal cortex and CA3 are depressed equally by synaptic release of acetylcholine in CA1. However, feedforward inhibition from entorhinal cortex exhibits greater depression than CA3 resulting in a selective enhancement of excitatory-inhibitory balance and CA1 activation by entorhinal inputs. Entorhinal and CA3 pathways engage different feedforward interneuron subpopulations and cholinergic modulation of presynaptic function is mediated differentially by muscarinic M<sub>3</sub> and M<sub>4</sub> receptors, respectively. Thus, our data support a role and mechanisms for acetylcholine to prioritise novel information inputs to CA1 during memory formation.
Feedback Control of a DC Servomotor with Time Delays Subjected to Disturbance Signals (2016)

The time delayimposed in the wireless control systems makes it difficult to guarantee stableresponse in many cases. Especially, delays in feedforward path combined withfeedback path may result in some stability problems of the controlled systemresponse. For the remote control of servomotors used on unmanned aerial orunderwater vehicles, space manipulators and humanoid robots time delays has gotgreat importance in real time remote control of those systems. The time delayin the feedforward path may be caused by computer control algorithm processing,buffering, transmitting process of control signals through antenna, receivingprocess of control signals through antenna on the vehicle and the complementaryhardware processing. Similarly, on the feedback path, position feedback signalmeasured by encoder is transmitted in reverse order of the control signal withsome delay time. In this paper, the PID control of a DC servomotor withconstant time delays will be discussed in detail. After specifying the effectsof the delays in the system, Smith predictor will be added to the model tominimize the undesired effects on the output response of the servomotor. Forthe wireless control of the servomotors actuating some mechanical systems, amodified Smith predictor is designed to drive the system efficiently to takecare of the disturbance effects coming from the dynamics of the driven parts.The success of the calculated predictors together with the tuned PID controllerand the controllable range for disturbance to controller signal ratio are shownon a low power DC servomotor by simulations.