gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hexagonal Phase Content on Wear Behaviour of AlTiN Arc PVD Coatings (2018)

In this study, the effect of increasing aluminum content and magnetic steering field strength on the structure and wear behavior of arc PVD AlTiN coatings is discussed. Deposition was done by means of an industrial-scale PVD unit for tool coating. The aluminium content in the AlTi source material was increased from 67 to 73 at.%. We applied two settings of the magnetic field that steers the arc across the cathode surface thereby evaporating the AlTi alloy differently. The resulting coating thickness ranged from 3.5 to about 7 µm. Cemented tungsten carbide was used as substrate material. Coating properties like hardness, adhesion, and crystal phases were analyzed by indentation and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The wear behaviour of the different AlTiN hard coatings were investigated in two ways. In a first idealized test, cyclic impacting was done applying a constant force. The resulting wear pattern was quantified by an Alicona multi-focus microscope. A second wear test was done by metal cutting under realistic conditions. Fly milling of ductile cast iron (EN-GJS-700) was performed with regular interruptions in order to measure the increasing wear mark. As expected, aluminium contents above 67 at.% (in the metal fraction of the coating) lead to a decreased wear resistance as the soft hexagonal phase exceeds values of a few vol.%. However, it was found that the formation of the hexagonal phase can be effectively influenced and delayed by increasing the magnetic steering field at the cathode. The wear behavior observed in cyclic impact testing corresponds well to results obtained with the more complex loading situation encountered in milling.
Halftone moirÃ© due to imager distortion (2009)

Individual halftone color separations must possess a low degree of distortion to avoid undesirable moiré in the overlays that produce the process colors. Achieving low relative distortion requires precise registration between the exposure devices used to write the halftone separations. However, optical and mechanical errors within the multiple Raster Output Scanners (ROS's) or image bars of a printer result in differences in the trajectory and placement of the exposure spots among color planes. In this paper, color halftone moiré due to ROS errors is analyzed using a frequency vector representation of color halftones. We analyze three forms of process-direction distortion: skew, shear, and bow. Each distortion is inspired from a practical printing system (i.e. while shear and bow are observed in ROS systems, skew is observed in image bar imaging systems). The frequency vector formalism is used to derive bounds on distortion for a classical halftone screen configuration (square cell equal frequency halftones at 15&deg;, 45&deg;, and 75&deg;). The bounds are examined for distortion of one halftone screen and the analysis can be readily applied to distortion of multiple screens. The bounds can be used to develop specifications for imaging components in the design of a ROS or image bar imaging system.
Dance Jockey: Performing Electronic Music by Dancing (2011)

The authors present an experimental musical performance called Dance Jockey, wherein sounds are controlled by sensors on the dancer's body. These sensors manipulate music in real time by acquiring data about body actions and transmitting the information to a control unit that makes decisions and gives instructions to audio software. The system triggers a broad range of music events and maps them to sound effects and musical parameters such as pitch, loudness and rhythm.
Classifying quantum phases with the Kirby torus trick (2013)

Classifying phases of local quantum systems is a general problem that includes special cases such as free fermions, commuting projectors, and others. An important distinction in this classification should be made between classifying periodic and aperiodic systems. A related distinction is that between homotopy invariants (invariants which remain constant so long as certain general properties such as locality, gap, and others hold) and locally computable invariants (properties of the system that can not change from one region to another without producing a gapless edge between them). We attack this problem using a technique inspired by Kirby's ``torus trick'' in topology. We use this trick to reproduce results for free fermions (in particular, using the trick to reduce the aperiodic classification to the simpler problem of periodic classification). We also show that a similar trick works for interacting phases which are nontrivial but lack anyons; these results include symmetry-protected phases. A key part of this work is an attempt to classify quantum cellular automata.
Periodic waveguide structures for on-chip modulation and sensing (2018)

In this paper, we summarize the recent progress on silicon photonics modulators and sensors with an emphasize on the innovation in waveguide structure. We will introduce two types of waveguide, one-dimensional (1D) slot photonic crystal waveguide (SPCW) and subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide. The simple geometry of 1D SPCW makes it more robust to fabrication imperfections and helps reduce its propagation loss, while still maintaining the benefit of slow light. The effective electro-optic (EO) coefficient increases to 490 pm/V. The electromagnetic (EM) wave sensor developed based on this waveguide shows a sensitivity of 1.8 V/m at 14.1 GHz, which is the most sensitive EM wave sensor that has been reported. The SWG waveguide ring resonator has a bulk sensitivity more than 400 nm/RIU, which is much higher than its strip waveguide counterpart. Furthermore, its surface sensitivity is relatively independent of the thickness of analytes accumulated on its surface. These features make it an appealing sensing platform.
On-Chip Microdialysis System with Flow-Through Glucose Sensing Capabilities (2007)

The electrochemical sensing component was able to continuously track concentration changes in the reservoir. This system is expected to have the proper sensitivity to track physiologically relevant concentration changes of glucose with a lag time of less than 1 minute and minimal amplitude reduction for continuous glucose monitoring for diabetes treatment.
Economical Value of Vaccines for the Developing Countries—The Case of Instituto Butantan, a Public Institution in Brazil (2011)

these institutions maintained scientific research programs but had limited capability for meeting good manufacturing practices (GMPs) in vaccine production. The implementation of the MH policy of local procurement required substantial investments to upgrade the production capabilities of these institutes.
Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Biological properties of potent inhibitors of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases: from PI-103 through PI-540, PI-620 to the oral agent GDC-0941 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Biological properties of potent inhibitors of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases: from PI-103 through PI-540, PI-620 to the oral agent GDC-0941
Efficient kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of annealing in semiconductor materials (2003)

As the semiconductor manufacturing industry advances, the length scales of devices are shrinking rapidly, in accordance with the predictions of Moore's Law. As the device dimensions shrink the importance of predictive process modeling to the development of the production process is growing. Of particular importance are predictive models which can be applied to process conditions not easily accessible via experiment. Therefore the importance of models based on physical understanding are gaining importance versus models based on empirical fits alone. One promising research area in physical-based models is kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) modeling of atomistic processes. 
This thesis explores kMC modeling of annealing and diffusion processes. After providing the necessary background to understand and motivate the research, a detailed review of simulation using this class of models is presented which exposes the motivation for using these models and establishes the state of the field. 
The author provides a user's manual for ANISRA ( ANnealIng Simulation libRAry), a computer code for on-lattice kMC simulations. This library is intended as a reusable tool for the development of simulation codes for atomistic models covering a wide variety of problems. Thus care has been taken to separate the core functionality of a simulation from the specification of the model. 
This thesis also compares the performance of data structures for the kMC simulation problem and recommends some novel approaches. These recommendations are applicable to a wider class of model than is ANISRA, and thus of potential interest even to researchers who implement their own simulators. 
Three example simulations are built from ANISRA and are presented to show the applicability of this class of model to problems of interest in semiconductor process modeling. The differences between the models simulated display the versatility of the code library. The small amount of code written to construct and modify these simulations indicates the value this reusable library may have in easing the development effort associated with kMC simulations. 
Finally the author presents a list of open research directions which may lead to more efficient and more widely applicable kMC simulation tools.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Polyketide Libraries via Combinatorial Biosynthesis (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nitric oxide regulates oestrogen-activated signalling pathways at multiple levels through cyclic GMP-dependent recruitment of insulin receptor substrate 1 (2002)

The gaseous messenger nitric oxide (NO) contributes to biological effects of oestrogen in target tissues, including reproductive organs, bone, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Vasodilation and anti-atherosclerotic properties of NO have been shown to play a role in these effects. The possibility that NO acts also through regulation of the signal transduction cascade triggered by oestrogen, instead, has never been investigated. To study this we have used the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, an established model for oestrogen signalling. Exposure of these cells to 17-beta-oestradiol (E(2)) in the presence of NO gave rise to activation of signalling events additional to those triggered by E(2) alone, namely tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins, including the insulin receptor substrate-1, with recruitment to this adapter of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and persistent activation of Akt (protein kinase B). Active Akt, in turn, prevented E(2) from activating p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK 1/2). These effects of NO, which were mediated through generation of cyclic GMP and activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase I, initiated in the first minutes after administration of oestrogen. The consequences, however, were long lasting, as modulation of Akt and ERK 1/2 activities by NO was responsible for inhibition of E(2)-triggered cell growth and regulation of oestrogen responsive-element dependent gene transcription. Generation of NO is stimulated by both E(2) and growth factors known to contribute to the complex network of intracellular events regulating the biological actions of oestrogen. It is conceivable, therefore, that modulation by NO of E(2) early signalling, here described for the first time, has broad significance in regulating cellular responses to the hormone.
Differential Microglial Responses Induced by N-a-Synuclein-Specific Effector T Cell Clones (2021)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder in which symptoms derive from deficits in dopamine neurotransmitter levels secondary to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) associated with misfolding and accumulation of α−synuclein. Neuroinflammation via microglia and T effector cells (Teffs) contribute to dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Recognition of cytokine profiles of pro-inflammatory microglia is not well understood and serve as potential therapeutic targets to reduce neuroinflammation. Recent studies demonstrated a novel Th17.1 Teff clonotype increases neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate in vitro cytokine responses by BV-2 microglia induced by Th1, Th17, and Th17.1 clonotypes to assess neuroinflammation mechanisms in PD. Cytokine responses by BV-2 microglia co-cultured with activated Teff clonotypes were analyzed using a cytokine membrane array. Co-culture with Teffs led to significant increases in the majority of cytokine responses from BV-2 microglia compared to control. Cross group analysis relative expression demonstrated variation in cytokine profiles produced between microglia treated with different Teff clonotypes, especially with regard to IFNγ, MIG, MIP-1α, TIMP-1, RANTES, SDF-1, and IL-12 p40/p70. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of cytokines displaying significant relative expression levels for each Teff clonotype showed Th1- and Th17- treated BV-2 microglia demonstrated pathways related to cellular movement, hematological development and function, and immune trafficking while Th17.1-treated microglia upregulated pathways related to disorders of connective tissues, inflammation, and organismal injury. In conclusion, Th1, Th17, and Th17.1 Teffs treatment of BV-2 microglia led to upregulation of most pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways. However, specific Teff clonotype culture with BV-2 microglia displayed different cytokine profile responses through varying relative expression profiles with significant differences related to IFNγ, MIG, MIP-1α, TIMP-1, RANTES, SDF-1, and IL12 p40/p70 delineating alternative inflammatory pathways. These results provide relevant targets for strategies to attenuate neuroinflammation and protect dopaminergic neurons in PD.
Evidence for the presence of alpha and beta-related T3 receptors in rat liver mitochondria. (1993)

Although the dependence of mitochondrial structure and function on thyroid hormone status is well established, several attempts to demonstrate a direct pathway of T3 action on mitochondria have been made during the last decade without being firmly conclusive. In this study, we present evidence firstly for the presence of specific binding sites for [125I]-T3 in rat liver mitochondria 5 min after injection, as assessed by ultrastructural autoradiography. In the same way, using immunocytological techniques and protein immunoblotting, T3 receptor-like immunoreactivity was revealed mainly in the nucleus and mitochondria of hepatocytes. Whereas the colloidal gold labeling over mitochondria was found to be specific at the ultrastructural level, these results were confirmed biochemically by Western blotting experiments which revealed the presence of two protein bands in mitochondria: a stronger one of 55 kDa and a weaker one of 48 kDa. At the opposite, receptor T3 mRNAs were not detected in mitochondria by ultrastructural in situ hybridization thus confirming that the synthesis of receptor T3 occurs in the cytoplasm and that nuclear-encoded T3 receptors may belong to the bulk of cytosolic precursor polypeptides which are targeted to and imported into mitochondria. These results confirm that a direct pathway of T3 action on mitochondria occurs in situ which could now explain how the rapid activation of several mitochondrial functions can take place within minutes after thyroid hormone injection.
Relationship of Blood Transfusion and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes (2004)

Blood transfusion in the setting of acute coronary syndromes is associated with higher mortality, and this relationship persists after adjustment for other predictive factors and timing of events. Given the limitations of post hoc analysis of clinical trials data, a randomized trial of transfusion strategies is warranted to resolve the disparity in results between our study and other observational studies. We suggest caution regarding the routine use of blood transfusion to maintain arbitrary hematocrit levels in stable patients with ischemic heart disease.
Highly Reliable Silica-LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Hybrid Modulator Using Heterogeneous Material Integration Technology (2020)

Silica-LiNbO3 (LN) hybrid modulators have a hybrid configuration of versatile passive silica-based planar lightwave circuits (PLCs) and simple LN phase modulators arrays. By combining the advantages the two components, these hybrid modulators offer large-scale, highly-functionality modulators with low losses for advanced modulation formats. However, the reliability evaluation necessary to implement them in real transmissions has not been reported yet. In terms of reliability characteristics, there are issues originating from the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between silica PLC and LN. To resolve these issues, we propose design guidelines for hybrid modulators to mitigate the degradation induced by the thermal expansion difference. We fabricated several tens of silica-LN dual polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulators based on the design guidelines and evaluated their reliability. The experiment results show that the modules have no degradation after a reliability test based on GR-468, which confirms the validity of the design guidelines for highly reliable silica-LN hybrid modulators. We can apply the guidelines for hybrid modules that realize heterogeneous device integration using materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion.
Aspergillosis Complicating Severe Coronavirus Disease (2020)

Aspergillosis complicating severe influenza infection has been increasingly detected worldwide. Recently, coronavirus disease-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been detected through rapid reports, primarily from centers in Europe. We provide a case series of CAPA, adding 20 cases to the literature, with review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and outcomes. The syndromes of pulmonary aspergillosis complicating severe viral infections are distinct from classic invasive aspergillosis, which is recognized most frequently in persons with neutropenia and in other immunocompromised persons. Combined with severe viral infection, aspergillosis comprises a constellation of airway-invasive and angio-invasive disease and results in risks associated with poor airway fungus clearance and killing, including virus- or inflammation-associated epithelial damage, systemic immunosuppression, and underlying lung disease. Radiologic abnormalities can vary, reflecting different pathologies. Prospective studies reporting poor outcomes in CAPA patients underscore the urgent need for strategies to improve diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.
The 2006 RWTH parliamentary speeches transcription system (2006)

In this work, investigations in the course of the developement of RWTH automatic speech recognition systems developed for the second TC-STAR evaluation campaign 2006 are presented.The systems were designed to transcribe parliamentary speeches taken from the European Parliament Plenary Sessions (EPPS) in European English and Spanish, as well as speeches from the Spanish Parliament.The RWTH systems apply a two pass search strategy with a fourgram one-pass decoder including a fast vocal tract length normalization variant as first pass.The systems further include several adaptation and normalization methods, minimum classification error trained models, and bayes risk minimization.For all relevant individual components contrastive results are presented on the EPPS Spanish and English data, including investigations which did not yet enter the evaluation systems.
Quantification of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with 123I-5IA SPECT. (2004)

Our results indicated that 123I-5IA SPECT is suitable for the quantification of nAChRs in human brain.
A review of recent literature on the biomechanics of spinal instrumentation (1999)

Spinal instrumentation systems are a rapidly evolving area of orthopedic surgery. Advances in biomaterials, development of new surgical approaches, and identification of biologic augmentations have all contributed to dynamic changes in instrumentation options for spinal surgery. The recent literature in spine surgery reflects these changes, and many articles have been published in the orthopedic literature on biomechanical evaluation of new instrumentation systems, and a comparison of new systems with established methods. This review begins with an overview of the techniques and basic science of biomechanical testing, and then reviews recent contributions to the literature on instrumentation for spinal deformity, anterior and posterior instrumentation for cervical spine instability, anterior and posterior instrumentation for lumbar spine instability, and concludes with a section on the future of instrumentation systems. Biomechanics are an important part of the evaluation of spinal instrumentation systems, but cannot be considered in isolation from clinical outcome. Although modes of failure may be predicted by biomechanical data, the success of an implant is ultimately determined by clinical outcome.Curr Opin Orthop 1999, 10:142–147 © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Polyphenon E, non-futile at neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis but unpredictably hepatotoxic: Phase I single group and phase II randomized placebo-controlled studies (2015)

NCT00836719 and NCT01451723
Inference of D-T branching ratio from D-3He cross calibration (2011)

Abstract Not Provided
The CsLnMSe3 Semiconductors (Ln: Rare‐Earth Element, Y; M: Zn, Cd, Hg). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Perceptual metric for color transfer methods (2017)

In this paper, we propose a perceptual model for evaluating results from color transfer methods. We conduct a user study, which provides a set of subjective scores for triplets of input, target and result images. Then, for each triplet, we compute a number of image features, which objectively characterize a color transfer. To describe the relationship between these features and the subjective scores, we build a regression model with random forests. An analysis and a cross-validation show that the predictions of our model are highly accurate.