gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2-Amino-4-pyrimidinones from Resin-Bound Guanidines Prepared Using Bis(allyloxycarbonyl)-Protected Triflylguanidine (2003)

We have synthesized novel heterocyclic compounds from resin-bound guanidines. For this purpose, an amine immobilized on a solid support was acylated with protected amino acids. Following the deprotection, the liberated amines were guanidinylated utilizing a new member of the family of diurethane-protected triflyl guanidine reagents, N,N'-bis(allyloxycarbonyl)-N' '-triflylguanidine. The deprotected guanidines were subsequently regioselectively cyclized with beta-keto esters yielding novel compounds containing heterocyclic structures in high purities.
Integrated Transformer-Coupled Balun Bandpass Filters With an Optimal Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (2011)

This paper describes a compact transformer-coupled balun bandpass filter design based on integrated circuit technology. Using a planar transformer with high-density fully symmetrical wiring not only greatly reduces the component size, but also provides a superior balance at the differential output ports. In addition, applying the tapped feed-line structure to the balun bandpass filter is accomplished by carefully studying the impedance-matching method and transmission-zero mechanism. Interestingly, the proposed balun bandpass filter can guarantee an optimal common-mode rejection ratio level in a specific operating frequency range by precisely controlling the fractional bandwidth of the filter passband.
Metal‐Free C−C Bond Cleavage: One‐Pot Access to 1,4‐Benzoquinone‐linked N‐Formyl Amides/Sulfonamides/Carbamates using Oxone (2017)

Abstract An efficient and versatile protocol for the synthesis of 1,4‐benzoquinone ‐ linked N ‐formyl amides/sulfonamides/carbamates using oxone has been described. The striking element of this protocol is the unprecedented one‐pot cascade involving oxidation, followed by dearomatization and C−C bond cleavage of N‐substituted 6,7‐dimethoxy tetrahydroisoquinoline to form various 1,4‐benzoquinone‐linked N ‐formyl derivatives. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and fluorescent properties of some of the representative compounds have been studied.
Structural assignment of isomeric 2‐aminopyridine‐derivatized monosialylated biantennary N‐linked oligosaccharides using negative‐ion multistage tandem mass spectral matching (2005)

To investigate the possibility of structural assignment based on negative-ion tandem multistage (MSn) mass spectral matching, four isomers of 2-aminopyridine (PA)-derivatized monosialylated oligosaccharides (i.e., complex-type N-glycans with an alpha2-3- or alpha2-6-linked sialic acid on alpha1-6 or alpha1-3 antennae) were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-IT-TOFMS). The negative ion [M-2H]2- is observed predominantly in the MS1 spectra without the loss of a sialic acid. The MS2 spectra derived from it are sufficiently reproducible that MS2 spectral matching based on correlation coefficients can be applied to the assignment of these isomers. The isomers containing a sialic acid on alpha1-6 or alpha1-3 antennae can be distinguished by MS2 spectral matching, but the alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 linkage types of sialic acid cannot be distinguished by their MS2 spectra. However, MS3 spectra derived from fragment ions containing a sialic acid (i.e., C4- and D-type ions) clearly differentiate the alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 linkage types of sialic acid in their MS3 spectral patterns. This difference might be rationalized in terms of a proton transfer from the reducing-end mannose to the negatively charged sialic acid. These two moieties are very close in the structural conformations of the precursor C4-type fragment ions of alpha2-6 linkage type, as predicted by molecular mechanics calculations. Thus, negative-ion MSn (n = 2, 3) spectral matching was demonstrated to be useful for the structural assignment of these four monosialylated PA N-glycan isomers.
Coded PDM-OFDM Transmission With Shaped 256-Iterative-Polar-Modulation Achieving 11.15-b/s/Hz Intrachannel Spectral Efficiency and 800-km Reach (2012)

We propose a novel coded modulation scheme for coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) to achieve high-speed transmission at spectral-efficiencies near the Shannon limit. The proposed coding scheme relies on the concept of bit interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID), low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, and shaped iterative polar modulation (IPM). To further increase the transmission spectral efficiency, reduced guard interval (RGI) CO-OFDM is used, in which fiber chromatic dispersion (CD) is digitally compensated prior to OFDM demultiplexing at the receiver. We experimentally demonstrate the generation and forward error correction (FEC) decoding of a 231.5-Gb/s RGI-CO-OFDM signal with 256-IPM subcarrier modulation, occupying a bandwidth of 20.75 GHz. The coded 256-IPM signal offers a coding gain of 15.1-dB compared to uncoded 256-point quadrature amplitude modulation (256-QAM) at a post-FEC bit error ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">- 15</sup> . Transmission was demonstrated over an 800-km ultra-large-area fiber (ULAF) link with a record intrachannel spectral efficiency of 11.15-b/s/Hz.
Roles of Interlayers in Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Devices (2010)

This review discusses interfacial layers in organic photovoltaic devices. The first part of the review focuses on the hole extraction layer, which is located between a positive electrode and an organic photoactive material. Strategies to improve hole extraction from the photoactive layer include incorporation of several different types of hole extraction layers, such as conductive polymeric materials, self-assembled molecules and metal oxides, as well as surface treatment of the positive electrodes and the conductive polymeric layers. In the second part, we review recent research on interlayers that are located between a negative electrode and a photoactive layer to efficiently extract electrons from the active layer. These materials include titanium oxides, metal fluorides and other organic layers.
Digital Ink-jet-based Printing: Beyond Color (2002)

Next generation electronic devices including OLEDs, fuel cells, thin-form batteries and smart cards all represent a significant opportunity for market growth over the next several years. One factor limiting the advancement of these technologies lies in the high cost of ownership of manufacture. Ink-jet-based printing and deposition technologies offer a multitude of advantages for the manufacture of these technologies and can be viewed as a disruptive technology poised to challenge existing manufacturing infrastructures. To aid the transition to digital, ink-jet-based manufacturing methods, Superior MicroPowders (SMP) has leveraged its core competencies to develop non-traditional, non graphic-arts inks. These inks being developed are suitable for digital and ink-jet-based deposition and fabrication processes and show significant promise in the manufacture of a variety of advanced devices in the electronic, display and alternative energy industries. This step toward integrating ink-jet-based technology for the deposition of non-graphic-arts inks into next generation device manufacture represents a significant step forward in the advancement of ink-jet-based printing technology.
Localised Fusion of Shape and Appearance Features for 3D Human Pose Estimation (2010)

This paper presents a learning-based method for combining the shape and appearance feature types for 3D human pose estimation from single-view images. Our method is based on clustering the 3D pose space into several modular regions and learning the regressors for both feature types and their optimal fusion scenario in each region. This way the complementary information of the individual feature types is exploited, leading to improved performance of pose estimation. We train and evaluate our method using a synchronized video and 3D motion dataset. Our experimental results show that the proposed feature combination method gave more accurate pose estimation than that from each individual feature type.
Using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy to Assess Volume Status in Dialysis Patients (2019)

The aim of the paper is to reflect on the current status of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in fluid management in dialysis patients. BIS identifies fluid overload (FO) as a virtual (overhydration) compartment, which is calculated from the difference between the measured extracellular volume and the predicted values based on a fixed hydration of lean and adipose tissue mass. FO is highly prevalent in both hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, while levels of FO are at a population level comparable between PD patients and HD patients when measured before the dialysis treatment. Even mild levels of FO are independently related to outcome in patients on HD, PD as well as in nondialysis patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. FO is not only related to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) but also forms part of a multidimensional spectrum with noncardiovascular risk factors such as malnutrition and inflammation. Even after multiple adjustments, FO remains an independent predictor of mortality. BIS-assisted adjustment of dry weight in HD patients has been shown to improve hypertension control and LVH and has resulted in a decline in intradialytic symptomatology. On the other hand, with increased fluid removal, target weight may not always be reached due to an increase in intradialytic symptomatology, and care should be applied in target weight adjustment in fluid overloaded patients with severe malnutrition and/or inflammation. Although a reduction in hospitalization rate was suggested, the effect of BIS-guided dry weight adjustment on mortality has not yet been shown, however, although available studies are underpowered. In PD patients, results have been more equivocal, which may be partly related to differences in treatment protocols or study populations. Future large-scale studies are needed to assess the full potential of BIS.
Estimating the Effect of a Community-Based Intervention with Two Communities (2013)

Due to the need to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based programs in practice, there is substantial interest in methods to estimate the causal effects of community-level treatments or exposures on individual level outcomes. The challenge one is confronted with is that different communities have different environmental factors affecting the individual outcomes, and all individuals in a community share the same environment and intervention. In practice, data are often available from only a small number of communities, making it difficult if not impossible to adjust for these environmental confounders. In this paper we consider an extreme version of this dilemma, in which two communities each receives a different level of the intervention, and covariates and outcomes are measured on a random sample of independent individuals from each of the two populations; the results presented can be straightforwardly generalized to settings in which more than two communities are sampled. We address the question of what conditions are needed to estimate the causal effect of the intervention, defined in terms of an ideal experiment in which the exposed level of the intervention is assigned to both communities and individual outcomes are measured in the combined population, and then the clock is turned back and a control level of the intervention is assigned to both communities and individual outcomes are measured in the combined population. We refer to the difference in the expectation of these outcomes as the marginal (overall) treatment effect. We also discuss conditions needed for estimation of the treatment effect on the treated community. We apply a nonparametric structural equation model to define these causal effects and to establish conditions under which they are identified. These identifiability conditions provide guidance for the design of studies to investigate community level causal effects and for assessing the validity of causal interpretations when data are only available from a few communities. When the identifiability conditions fail to hold, the proposed statistical parameters still provide nonparametric treatment effect measures (albeit non-causal) whose statistical interpretations do not depend on model specifications. In addition, we study the use of a matched cohort sampling design in which the units of different communities are matched on individual factors. Finally, we provide semiparametric efficient and doubly robust targeted MLE estimators of the community level causal effect based on i.i.d. sampling and matched cohort sampling.
Ultrasound localization microscopy and functional ultrasound reveal atypical features of the live trigeminal ganglion (2021)

Abstract The functional imaging of the neurovascular coupling within the trigeminal ganglion (TG) is highly challenging due to its small size and its deep localization. This study combined a methodological framework able to dive into the rat trigeminal nociceptive system by jointly providing first imaging of the trigeminal ganglion blood vasculature at microscopic resolution and the measurement of its neurovascular coupling in the rat TG evoked by corneal stimulations, a robust and clinically-relevant model. Using functional ultrasound imaging (fUS), we were able to image and quantify a strong hemodynamic response in the ipsilateral TG from anesthetized rats, evoked by mechanical or chemical stimulations of corneal nociceptive fibers to intact cornea, even though TG involves less than 300 sensory neurons. The in vivo quantitative imaging of the TG’s vasculature using ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) combined with ex-vivo (DiI) staining reveals particular features of the vascularization of the area containing the sensory neurons, that is likely the origin of this strong vaso-trigeminal response and due to the nature of this structure at the interface between the peripheral and central nervous systems. This innovative imaging approach opens the path for future studies on the mechanisms underlying changes in trigeminal local blood flow and neurovascular coupling, key mechanisms and readouts for the understanding and treatment of debilitating trigeminal pain conditions.
Systematic Analysis of Splice-Site-Creating Mutations in Cancer (2018)

<h2>Summary</h2> For the past decade, cancer genomic studies have focused on mutations leading to splice-site disruption, overlooking those having splice-creating potential. Here, we applied a bioinformatic tool, MiSplice, for the large-scale discovery of splice-site-creating mutations (SCMs) across 8,656 TCGA tumors. We report 1,964 originally mis-annotated mutations having clear evidence of creating alternative splice junctions. <i>TP53</i> and <i>GATA3</i> have 26 and 18 SCMs, respectively, and <i>ATRX</i> has 5 from lower-grade gliomas. Mutations in 11 genes, including <i>PARP1</i>, <i>BRCA1</i>, and <i>BAP1</i>, were experimentally validated for splice-site-creating function. Notably, we found that neoantigens induced by SCMs are likely several folds more immunogenic compared to missense mutations, exemplified by the recurrent GATA3 SCM. Further, high expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was observed in tumors with SCMs, suggesting candidates for immune blockade therapy. Our work highlights the importance of integrating DNA and RNA data for understanding the functional and the clinical implications of mutations in human diseases.
Management of Erectile Dysfunction: Great Progress, Greater Promise (2012)

Sexual medicine, exemplified by the management of erectile dysfunction, is a traditional pillar of andrology. Erectile dysfunction has received the greatest attention within the specialty area and its management models the progress of the field more generally. This review provides a perspective of the history and contemporary practice of erectile dysfunction management, highlighting aspects of basic science research, epidemiology, and clinical care. Furthermore, the impact of this field as a major health concern in correlation with basic aspects of wellness and disease is acknowledged. The field continues to evolve as a legitimate discipline in medicine and is worthy of ongoing scientific support and activity.
Data from SMAC Mimetic (JP1201) Sensitizes Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers to Multiple Chemotherapy Agents in an IAP-Dependent but TNF-α–Independent Manner (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAP) are key regulators of apoptosis and are inhibited by the second mitocondrial activator of caspases (SMAC). Previously, a small subset of TNF-α–expressing non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) was found to be sensitive to SMAC mimetics alone. In this study, we determined if a SMAC mimetic (JP1201) could sensitize nonresponsive NSCLC cell lines to standard chemotherapy. We found that JP1201 sensitized NSCLCs to doxorubicin, erlotinib, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, vinorelbine, and the combination of carboplatin with paclitaxel in a synergistic manner at clinically achievable drug concentrations. Sensitization did not occur with platinum alone. Furthermore, sensitization was specific for tumor compared with normal lung epithelial cells, increased in NSCLCs harvested after chemotherapy treatment, and did not induce TNF-α secretion. Sensitization also was enhanced &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; with increased tumor inhibition and increased survival of mice carrying xenografts. These effects were accompanied by caspase 3, 4, and 9 activation, indicating that both mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic pathways are activated by the combination of vinorelbine and JP1201. Chemotherapies that induce cell death through the mitochondrial pathway required only inhibition of X-linked IAP (XIAP) for sensitization, whereas chemotherapies that induce cell death through multiple apoptotic pathways required inhibition of cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP. Therefore, the data suggest that IAP-targeted therapy using a SMAC mimetic provides a new therapeutic strategy for synergistic sensitization of NSCLCs to standard chemotherapy agents, which seems to occur independently of TNF-α secretion. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(24); 7640–8. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Collaborative Technology Assessments Of Transient Field Processing And Additive Manufacturing Technologies As Applied To Gas Turbine Components (2016)

ORNL partnered with GE Power & Water to investigate the effect of thermomagnetic processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GE Power & Water newly developed wrought Ni-Fe-Cr alloys. Exploration of the effects of high magnetic field process during heat treatment of the alloys indicated conditions where applications of magnetic fields yields significant property improvements. The alloy aged using high magnetic field processing exhibited 3 HRC higher hardness compared to the conventionally-aged alloy. The alloy annealed at 1785 F using high magnetic field processing demonstrated an average creep life 2.5 times longer than that of the conventionally heat-treated alloy. Preliminary results show that high magnetic field processing can improve the mechanical properties of Ni-Fe-Cr alloys and potentially extend the life cycle of the gas turbine components such as nozzles leading to significant energy savings.
Polarization Controlled Kinetics and Composition of Trivalent Chromium Coatings on Aluminum (2011)

Combined in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry and electrochemistry have been employed to monitor, in real-time, the formation of trivalent Cr conversion coatings on polished Al substrates at applied sample potentials. It is found that the formation kinetics and chemical composition of the film can be controlled by adjusting the anodic and cathodic reactions. The growth kinetics are accelerated at more positive anodic potentials or more negative cathodic potentials. At more negative potentials, the percentage of chromium in the coating is found to increase, while the zirconium percentage decreases.
Maternal High-Fiber Diet Protects Offspring against Type 2 Diabetes (2020)

Previous studies have reported that maternal malnutrition is linked to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Although several diabetic risk factors associated with early-life environment have been identified, protective factors remain elusive. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study with 671 Nile rats whereby we examined the interplay between early-life environment (maternal diet) and later-life environment (offspring diet) using opposing diets that induce or prevent diet-induced diabetes. Specifically, we modulated the early-life environment throughout oogenesis, pregnancy, and nursing by feeding Nile rat dams a lifelong high-fiber diet to investigate whether the offspring are protected from type 2 diabetes. We found that exposure to a high-fiber maternal diet prior to weaning significantly lowered the risk of diet-induced diabetes in the offspring. Interestingly, offspring consuming a high-fiber diet after weaning did not develop diet-induced diabetes, even when exposed to a diabetogenic maternal diet. Here, we provide the first evidence that the protective effect of a high-fiber diet can be transmitted to the offspring through the maternal diet, which has important implications in diabetes prevention.
Closed-loop design for two parallel connected converters with power factor correction (2003)

A large signal simulation for two parallel converters in a distributed power supply system is presented in this paper. The distributed system is composed of switched-mode power factor correction (PFC) converters utilizing a central limit control technique. This technique allows one voltage loop compensator to be shared by all the PFC converters. Design of such a compensator is discussed and the system performances with regard to unequal cable resistances and load changes are reported. The resulting system achieves a power factor of about 0.98 and provides an excellent current sharing between the two converter modules.
One‐Step Synthesis and Characterization of SiC, Mo2C, and WC Nanostructures (2009)

Abstract This review describes a novel approach for the syntheses of various carbides of silicon, tungsten, and molybdenum at a relatively low temperature by using the RAPET (Reactions under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperature) process. The solvent‐, template‐free and straightforward RAPET process was used to synthesize a range of new carbide materials with or without the use of catalysts. The thermolysis of precursor(s) in a closed reactor without using additional reducing gases and the characterization of the obtained high‐surface‐area β‐SiC nanorods, micro‐ or nanosized Mo 2 C spheres and WC nanotubes are the key issues described. The capability of the RAPET process to fabricate nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotubes of different carbides in a single‐step reaction is also demonstrated. By taking advantage of the achieved highest surface area (563 m 2 /g) of SiC, it was possible to store approximately 2 wt.‐% of H 2 at room temperature and 6 MPa.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)