gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Real-Time Performance of Signal Processing Algorithms for Minimum Latency Detection of Hypovolemic States (2006)

Algorithms for real-time ambulatory monitoring of physiological signals often run on platforms which have very limited processing power and memory. Therefore, in addition to functionality, it is necessary to carefully consider real-time performance requirements. This is particularly important for physiological monitoring of life threatening conditions such as hemorrhage. In this paper we present a comparison of several algorithms as candidates for implementation on a prehospital ambulatory monitor of hypovolemic states. The algorithms were tested on data from lower body negative pressure (LBNP) experiments that were used to simulate hypovolemic states. We also present a promising real-time wavelet algorithm for heart rate variability (HRV) processing in prehospital ambulatory monitoring applications
High-Power and High-Voltage AlGaN/GaN HEMTs-on-Si (2007)

GaN-on-Silicon technology is a highly manufacturable, reliable, and cost effective AlGaN/GaN HEMT platform. Maximum RF performance (power and efficiency) can be achieved by addressing two main areas related to the silicon substrate: the RF loss to the silicon substrate and the thermal resistance of the device to the heat sink. In this paper, we will report on how the two areas can be addressed in a realistic environment to enable high power, high voltage operation. This device technology can be used to develop high power amplifiers that are significantly smaller, lighter, and operate over a broad bandwidth.
Phenylated polyimides: Diels‐Alder reaction of biscyclopentadienones with dimaleimides (1973)

Abstract A series of phenylated polydihydrophthalimides has been synthesized by the Diels‐Alder reactions of 3,3′‐(oxydi‐ p ‐phenylene)bis(2,4,5‐triphenylcyclopentadienone) and 3,3′‐( p ‐phenylene)bis(2,4,5‐triphenylcyclopentadienone) with N , N ′‐ o ‐, ‐ m ‐, and ‐ p ‐phenylenedimaleimide. The polydihydrophthalimides were soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) and had intrinsic viscosities that ranged from 0.33 to 1.01, the polymers were dehydrogenated thermally and chemically to afford the corresponding phenylated polyphthalimides. The totally aromatic polyimides were also soluble in DMF but had intrinsic viscosities only as high as 0.41. The thermogravimetric analyses of the polyphthalimides showed breaks near 530°C in air and in nitrogen atmospheres.
High-resolution images of cone beam collimated CT scans (2005)

We present a novel reconstruction algorithm for high-transaxial-resolution cone-beam computed tomography (CT). Two ideas are combined to achieve this: First, the ray-offset technique, which is well-known for two-dimensional reconstruction, is adapted to the case of cone-beam CT. Instead of interleaving parallel re-binned projections from opposite directions during pre-processing before radial re-binning and filtering, the parallel re-binned projections are interleaved with virtual projections, which contain only zeros. These new projections are processed further as usual. The actual combination of opposite measured projections is moved into the back-projection step of the reconstruction. The second idea is the so-called frequency-split technique, which is designed to minimize cone-beam artifacts. Observing that cone beam artifacts contain mainly low-frequency components, the reconstructed image is a combination of two independent reconstructions with differently modified reconstruction filters and different amounts of redundant data. A high-frequency image is reconstructed with the ray offset technique using all the redundant data, and a high-pass filter leading to a suppression of low-frequency artifacts, while the low-frequency components of the image are reconstructed by using little redundant data only. The proposed technique is applied to the WEDGE algorithm and helical acquisition.
Peripheral anti-inflammatory effects explain the ginsenosides paradox between poor brain distribution and anti-depression efficacy (2011)

This study suggests that the anti-depression efficacy of GTS may be largely attributable to its peripheral anti-inflammatory activity. Our study also strengthens an important notion that peripheral anti-inflammation strategies may be useful in the therapy of inflammation-related depression and possibly other CNS diseases.
An siRNA against JC virus (JCV) agnoprotein inhibits JCV infection in JCV‐producing cells inoculated in nude mice (2007)

JC virus (JCV) is the etiological agent of the demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Because JCV has a very narrow host range, it has been difficult to develop an animal model of JCV infection; as a result, no effective therapy for PML has been established. In this study, we have tried to create an animal model that replaces an in vivo JCV infection. As a result, we have obtained a stable persistence of JCV-infected human cells in the mouse brain by inoculating the virus-infected cells into the nude mice brains. In this model, the JCV-infected cells were well preserved in the nude mouse brains for 2 weeks. We then treated JCV-injected brains with an siRNA against the JCV agnoprotein that is known to be an effective inhibitor of JCV infection in vitro. A highly purified type I collagen, atelocollagen, was used as a carrier for the siRNA. The siRNA inhibited the expression of JCV protein in inoculated JCV-infected cells in the mouse brain, compared to the medium containing only atelocollagen used as a placebo. Thus, the combination of siRNA and atelocollagen might be a candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of JCV infection.
Development of selected reaction monitoring‐MS methodology to measure peptide biomarkers in prostate cancer (2010)

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The current modality of diagnosis, the measurement of serum PSA, not only suffers from lack of specificity, but does not distinguish clinical cases in which current treatment measures would be most successful, i.e. aggressive, life-threatening tumors. A multiplexed MS methodology, selected reaction monitoring-MS/MS coupled with stable isotope dilution (SID), was developed and tested in both cells lines and clinical tissue samples. Standard curves were generated for two peptides representing PSA and one peptide from each of two additional orthogonally validated biomarkers, AMACR and EZH2. The standard curves show high reproducibility, sensitivity, and good linearity. All four peptides were then measured in six clinically relevant cell lines and are in agreement with the biochemical characteristics of each individual cell line. The SID selected reaction monitoring-MS/MS methodology was then transferred to tissue samples, in which the assay shows potential to differentiate benign disease from localized cancer and localized cancer from aggressive metastatic disease. These results establish the preliminary development of a rational targeted MS platform that strives to bridge the gap between discovery and validation of biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer.
Transient Recognition Control for Hybrid Fuel Cell Systems (2006)

Hybrid power systems combining fuel cells with fast energy storage devices are good solutions to the fuel cell load-following problem. Hybrid systems may also offer efficiency and reliability advantages. In this paper, we propose a power control scheme for hybrid systems that exploits feed-forward information about the steady-state behavior of incoming load transients. The method uses a modified cluster-weighted modeling (CWM) algorithm to build a load transient recognition model. The model is formulated sequentially and can provide useful feed-forward information in real time. Simulation and experimental results are provided that demonstrate the effectiveness of the transient recognition model and the proposed power control scheme for hybrid fuel cell systems.
324: The Feasibility of using CCR5Δ32/Δ32 Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants for Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Children (2008)

Despite treatment with highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), some HIV infected patients fail to reconstitute their immune functions and are intolerant to side effects of long term HAART, indicating the need to develop novel immune-based therapies. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been used to reconstitute the immune system in patients with primary immunodeficiencies, genetic diseases, and childhood cancers. Transplantation for HIV infection has been attempted, but re-infection of the grafted cells is a concern. Studies demonstrate that homozygosity for a 32 bp deletion in the HIV-1 CCR5 co-receptor gene (CCR5Δ32) is associated with protection against R5 HIV infection, while CCR5Δ32 heterozygosity is associated with slower disease progression. Thus, T-cells developing after a transplant with HSC homozygous for the CCR5Δ32 mutation should be resistant to R5 HIV infection. The CCR5Δ32 allele is found in Caucasian populations with 1% being homozygous and 15–20% heterozygous. We have shown that the HIV coreceptor tropism may revert from X4 to R5 under the pressure of HAART. In addition, we and others have found that the replication competent virus recovered from CD4 T-cells reservoirs in children are R5. We evaluated the feasibility of HSC transplantation using CCR5Δ32/Δ32 stem cells for the immune reconstitution of HIV-infected children who are immunocompromised despite HAART. StemCyte, an international cord blood bank, has been actively screening their cord blood units (CBUs) for the CCR5Δ32 allele. To date, StemCyte has identified 30 homozygotes and 754 heterozygotes for the CCR5Δ32 mutation among 10,488 CBUs screened. 44 patients were randomly selected from our cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents. HLA typing was performed to identify patients with potential HLA matched CBUs. Initial statistical considerations demonstrated that 100–150 patients would need to be screened in order to identify 2–4 potential HLA matched CBUs. We found 7 (15.9%) of our patients with a 4/6 HLA match to the identified homozygous CBUs, and 20 (45.4%) of our patients that are a 3/6 match to the identified homozygous CBUs. 2 of 7 patients with an identified 4/6 HLA match continue to have detectable plasma viremia despite HAART. 2 of 7 patients have cords with sufficient cell count for transplant. Thus, we identified and characterized 7 potential HIV-positive patients who could benefit from a transplant of HLA-matched, CCR5Δ32/Δ32 umbilical cord blood stem cells.Tabled 1HLA matched (4 out of 6) patients and homozygous CCR5Δ32 cord blood unitsPatientCord Blood UnitAgeGenderWeight (kg)GenderVolume (mL)TNC/kg (×107)CD34/kg (×105)Mismatched loci17 yearsM70.1M95.00.610.18BM64.680.810.26B, DRB1F64.201.070.18B, DRB1M67.001.500.21A, DRB111 yearsM41.3F64.201.820.30A, B5 yearsM23.2M64.682.460.78A, B25 yearsM60.9F152.205.772.17B, DRB124 yearsM70.4M64.290.970.14A, DRB111 yearsF42.6F63.801.550.31A, B22 monthsM12.7F64.205.920.97A, B Open table in a new tab
Giant cell tumor of bone – Analysis of 213 cases involving extra‐craniofacial bones (2021)

We elucidated clinicopathological characteristics of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in Japan, and significant clinicopathological factors for predicting local recurrence. Clinicopathological profiles of 213 patients with GCTB (100 male, 113 female) involving extra-craniofacial bones were retrieved. Pathological slides obtained at the initial surgery were reviewed. Fourteen pathological and five clinical features were statistically analyzed to disclose prognostic significance. Patient age ranged from 12-80 years (Average 38.7). Long bones were most frequently affected (86.4%), especially around the knee (62.9%). Histological features are basically similar to those previously reported. Within a follow-up period (24-316 months, average 106.1 months), the local recurrence rate is 29.1%. Metastasis has occurred in 9 patients. Cox regression analysis of representative clinicopathological features shows that younger age, higher mitotic count, smaller zones of stromal hemorrhage, considerable vascular invasion and absence of ischemic necrosis are significant predictors for local recurrence. Initial operative method (curettage) is a significant risk factor in univariate analysis but not by multivariate analysis (P = 0.053). Denosumab administration increases risk but not significantly (P = 0.053). Histone 3.3 G34W immunopositivity is not significant for predicting local recurrence.
Abstract 5764: Molecular Imaging Tracking Phagocytosis and Protease Activity Reports on Cardiac Allograft Rejection (2008)

Recently developed molecular and cellular imaging techniques that probe macrophage (MΦ) functions might provide an alternative to invasive endomyocardial biopsy. Yet, which aspect of MΦ host response represents a useful marker for detecting parenchymal rejection remains uncertain. We transplanted cardiac isografts from B6 mice and allografts from Balb/c mice heterotopically into B6 recipients. During rejection, crucial Mϕ functions including phagocytosis and release of proteases render these abundant innate immune cells attractive imaging targets. Seven days after transplantation we injected either a fluorescent protease sensor or a magnetofluorescent phagocytosis sensor. Histological and flow cytometric analyses established that Mϕ function as the major cellular signal source. In vivo, we obtained a 3D functional map of Mϕ showing higher uptake of phagocytosis sensor during rejection using MRI (contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) 51.5±8.5 in allografts (n=4) versus 19.8±8.7 in isografts (n=3), p&lt;0.05) and higher protease activity in allografts than in isografts using fluorescence mediated tomography (FMT, fluorescence 41.2±5.2 pmol in allografts (n=8) versus 23.5±5.7 pmol in isografts (n=6), p&lt;0.05). Finally, detection of significantly attenuated signals in recipients deficient in recombinase-1 demonstrated the sensitivity of Mϕ-targeted imaging. Reporters on either phagocytosis or protease activity can detect cardiac allograft rejection noninvasively, may facilitate the evaluation of novel tolerance-inducing strategies, and have translational potential.
High-Q transverse-electric/transverse-magnetic photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (2011)

We experimentally demonstrate high quality factor dual-polarized photonic crystal nanobeam cavities. The free-standing nanobeams are fabricated in a 500 nm thick silicon layer, and are probed using both tapered optical fiber and free-space resonant scattering set-ups. We measure Q factors greater than 104 for both transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric modes, and observe fiber transmission drops as large as 1−T=0.8 at the TM mode resonances.
Source Coding With Limited-Look-Ahead Side Information at the Decoder (2006)

We characterize the rate distortion function for the source coding with decoder side information setting when the ith reconstruction symbol is allowed to depend only on the first i+lscr side information symbols, for some finite look-ahead lscr, in addition to the index from the encoder. For the case of causal side information, i.e., lscr=0, we find that the penalty of causality is the omission of the subtracted mutual information term in the Wyner-Ziv rate distortion function. For lscr>0, we derive a computable "infinite-letter" expression for the rate distortion function. When specialized to the near-lossless case, our results characterize the best achievable rate for the Slepian-Wolf source coding problem with finite side information looka-head, and have some surprising implications. We find that side information is useless for any fixed lscr when the joint probability mass function (PMF) of the source and side information satisfies the positivity condition P(x,y)>0 for all (x,y). More generally, the optimal rate depends on the distribution of the pair X,Y only through the distribution of X and the bipartite graph whose edges represent the pairs x,y for which P(x,y)>0. On the other hand, if side information look-ahead is allowed to grow faster than logarithmic in the block length, then H(X|Y) is achievable. Finally, we apply our approach to derive a computable expression for channel capacity when state information is available at the encoder with limited look-ahead.
Transfer of ‘pure’ on-axis spin angular momentum to the absorptive particle using self-imaged bottle beam optical tweezers system (2004)

Optical tweezers system has aggrandized the understanding of the light-matter interaction and is used frequently to transfer angular momentum of light to microscopic particles. Here we demonstrate experimentally, for the first time to our knowledge the use of self-imaged bottle beam in an optical tweezers system and we report the mechanical transfer of 'pure' on-axis spin angular momentum to an absorptive particle. The self-imaged bottle beam has embedded optical bottles or null intensity points where the absorptive particles are trapped and the transfer of spin angular momentum is accomplished without the default transfer of orbital angular momentum of a singular beam, which are used conventionally to trap absorptive particles.
Chelating Effect as a Driving Force for the Selective Formation of Heteroligated Pt(II) Complexes with Bidentate Phosphino-Chalcoether Ligands (2010)

The halide-induced ligand rearrangement reaction (HILR) has been employed to provide selective and exclusive in situ formation of heteroligated Rh(I), Pd(II), and Pt(II) complexes with bidentate phosphino-chalcoether ligands. To gain insights on the nature of this unique reaction, we explored this process via the stepwise addition of bidentate phosphino-chalcoether (P, X; X = S or Se) and relevant monodentate phosphine ligands with a Pt(II) metal precursor. The corresponding monoligated complexes were obtained in quantitative yields by reacting 1 equiv of a P, X bidentate ligand with Pt(II) and were fully characterized via single crystal X-ray diffraction studies and heteronuclear ((31)P, (77)Se, and (195)Pt) NMR spectroscopy in solution. These species were further reacted with a second equivalent of either a bidentate ligand or the monodentate ethyl diphenylphosphine ligand, resulting in the clean formation of the heteroligated species or, in the case of the monodentate ligand with an electron-withdrawing bidentate ligand, a mixture of products. On the basis of competitive exchange reactions between these heteroligated, homoligated, and monoligated complexes, we conclude that ligand chelation plays a crucial role in the Pt(II) HILR. The in situ preferable formation of the stable monoligated complex allows for ligand sorting to occur in these systems. In all cases where the heteroligated product results, the driving force to these species is ligand chelation.
The clinical efficacy and tolerability of the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist losartan in Japanese patients with hypertension. (1996)

The clinical efficacy and tolerability of losartan were studied in clinical trials in Japanese patients with essential hypertension. In a short-term trial, losartan (25 to 100 mg once daily) provided good control of blood pressure for 24 h without affecting the patient's own diurnal blood pressure profile. In a double-blind study, the efficacy and tolerability of losartan (25 to 50 mg once daily) were compared to enalapril (5 to 10 mg) in Japanese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Losartan, 25 to 50 mg given once daily, produced an antihypertensive effect comparable to enalapril, 5 to 10 mg, in these patients. The incidence of adverse reactions in the losartan group was 9.0% (13/144), which was lower than that observed in the enalapril group, 20.3% (29/143). The incidence of cough in the losartan group (0.7%) was lower than that of the enalapril group (13.3%). No discontinuation due to cough was observed in the losartan group: however, seven patients were discontinued from the enalapril group. Losartan exhibited antihypertensive efficacy comparable to enalapril and a tolerability profile superior to enalapril in this study. The efficacy and tolerability of losartan were also investigated in 29 hypertensive patients with renal impairment. When losartan (25 to 100 mg) once daily was used, blood pressure was controlled in 62.1% (18/29) of patients. The rate of cases assessed as "useful" was 58.3% when the pretreatment serum creatinine level was less than 3.0 mg/dL. No cases, however, were assessed as "useful" in patients in which the level was 3.0 mg/dL or higher. In a trial with hypertensive diabetic patients, losartan did not adversely affect glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism. Losartan was associated with a decreased total cholesterol (p < 0.01) and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.01) without significantly changing HDL cholesterol in patients with total serum cholesterol of > 220 mg/dL. In summary, losartan, the first angiotensin II antagonist, is an effective antihypertensive agent with an excellent tolerability profile.
Improved Multi-Cell Joint Channel Estimation for the TD-SCDMA Downlink (2009)

In this paper, a multi-cell joint channel estimation (JCE) method is proposed for the TD-SCDMA downlink. In the proposed multi-cell JCE approach, the received midambles from adjacent cells are jointly processed, rather than being treated as interference as in single cell channel estimation. By jointly processing all the received midambles, the user can simultaneously estimate the channel impulse responses (CIRs) for both its home cell and adjacent cells. If the received signal from adjacent cells has a delay, multi-cell JCE is still operable with slight adjustment in the midamble matrix, and the performance loss is also minor. The performance of multi-cell JCE is analyzed and evaluated by simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed multi-cell JCE method can significantly improve the channel estimation accuracy. When the signal from each cell has similar power level, the mean square error (MSE) of the estimated CIRs for all cells is lower than 0.01. With more accurate CIRs from multi-cell JCE, multi-cell JD also yields better performance compared with the single cell channel estimation methods.
Surface of Room-Temperature-Stable Electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e−)4: Preparation and Its Characterization by Atomic-Resolution Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2011)

The nanocage compound crystal [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e-)4 (C12A7:e-) is a room-temperature-stable electride. Although bulk C12A7:e- exhibits metallic conduction, the surface of an as-prepared sample or one prepared by mechanical fracture in ultrahigh vacuum is almost insulating and exhibits distinct non-ohmic contact. We studied whether the intrinsic surface of this electride exhibits metallic conduction or not by examining various conditions for preparing the intrinsic surface. A combination of sputtering with thermal annealing led to the emergence of metallic conductivity in a specific condition. Suitably prepared surfaces revealed ohmic contact even in an ambient atmosphere. Atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the surfaces were consistent with a structural model in which the cage structure in the bulk C12A7:e- electride is conserved at the surface.