gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Error Correction for Flexible Robotic Surgical Instruments (2005)

Robots promise to enhance minimally-invasive surgery, but flexion of the thin instrument shaft introduces error into models of the robot kinematics. Visual or electromagnetic tracking of the instrument tip provides correct forward kinematics, but uncertainty in shaft bending and port location leaves residual errors in inverse kinematics. These errors can cause incorrect motions that preclude the use of image-guidance tools. This paper proposes a model-based controller to correct the commanded motions. Comparison with a controller assuming a straight instrument shaft quantifies motion errors resulting from the use of a straight shaft controller. Analysis of the flexed shaft controller shows sensitivity to shaft length, shaft stiffness, tip force, and sensor noise.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON 6-STORY R/C STRUCTURE WITH MULTI-STORY SHEAR WALL : Varied axial force borne by the columns and wall (2006)

In order to study what amount of lateral force and varied axial force are carried by the wall frame in reinforce concrete buildings with multi-story shear wall and how the rigidity at the bottom of the wall frame affect the amount of them, a pseudo-dynamic test with 2-span-1-bay-6-story reinforced concrete structure with a multi-story shear wall was conducted with the parameter of the rigidity at the bottom of the wall frame. In this paper, the test results were discussed with the numerically calculated strengths in terms of the varied axial force borne by the wall frame. They were found that both column in open frame and side column of shear wall bear varied compression force proportional to their geometrically supporting area. The varied tensile force borne by the side column of shear wall was determined by the flexural strength of transverse ground beams for the rocking specimen, and by the tensile yielding strength of the side column of the shear wall for the rigid specimen. The remaining varied tensile force was borne by the open frames.
Formation of Ni<SUB>5</SUB>Al<SUB>3</SUB> Phase in Ni<SUB>3</SUB>Al/NiAl Diffusion Couples (1998)

Diffusion experiments have been conducted using the Ni3Al/NiAl couples at annealing temperatures of 873 and 923 K. It is shown that the Ni5Al3 phase forms between the Ni3Al and NiAl phases during the diffusion annealing. Optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) are employed for the identification of the Ni5Al3 phase. Concentration profiles of Al across the diffusion-couple interfaces are measured using EPMA to determine the region of the Ni5Al3 single-phase in the Ni–Al binary phase diagram. Interdiffusion coefficients in the Ni5Al3 phase are also determined from the concentration profiles.
Synthesis and characterization of phosphorylated polystyrene derivatives for use in chromatography: DNA‐like and phospholipid‐like behavior (1991)

Abstract New functional crosslinked polystyrene derivatives have been synthesized. These polymers are substituted with chemical groups such as phosphate, purine, and pyrimidine bases, choline, serine, and nucleotides in order to mimic DNA and phospholipids. For this purpose, hydroxylated polystyrene beads were prepared, where monomer units were substituted via spacers. Then, phosphomonoester groups at various substitution ratios were grafted onto hydroxylated resins by using a phosphorus oxychloride method. Nucleosides and nucleic acid bases derivatives were coupled with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide on phosphorylated polymers whereas nucleotides, phosphorylcholine, and phosphorylserine were grafted on to hydroxylated polystyrene. The synthesis and characterization of these DNA‐like and phospholipid‐like polystyrene resins are described here extensively.
Single‐Shell Carbon‐Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles: Synthesis and High Electrocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2015)

Abstract Efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through effective and inexpensive electrocatalysts is a valuable approach for clean and renewable energy systems. Here, single‐shell carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles (SCEINs) decorated on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are introduced as a novel highly active and durable non‐noble‐metal catalyst for the HER. This catalyst exhibits catalytic properties superior to previously studied nonprecious materials and comparable to those of platinum. The SCEIN/SWNT is synthesized by a novel fast and low‐cost aerosol chemical vapor deposition method in a one‐step synthesis. In SCEINs the single carbon layer does not prevent desired access of the reactants to the vicinity of the iron nanoparticles but protects the active metallic core from oxidation. This finding opens new avenues for utilizing active transition metals such as iron in a wide range of applications.
H5N1 influenza viruses: Facts, not fear (2012)

The ongoing controversy over publication of two studies involving the transmission in ferrets of H5N1 (H5) subtype influenza viruses and the recommendations of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity to redact key details in the manuscripts call for an examination of relevant scientific facts. In addition, there are calls in the media to destroy the viruses, curtail future research in this area, and protect the public from such "frightening" research efforts. Fear needs to be put to rest with solid science and not speculation.
Molecular Engineering for the Development of a Discotic Nematic Mesophase and Solid-State Emitter in Deep-Blue OLEDs (2021)

A unique strategy for the attainment of a discotic nematic (N<sub>D</sub>) mesophase is reported consisting of a central benzene core to which are attached two 4-alkylphenyl and two 4-pentylbiphenyl moieties diagonally via alkynyl linkers. The rotational nature and incompatibility of unequal phenylethynyl units led to the disruption of π-π interactions within cores that aids to the realization of N<sub>D</sub> phase and favors high solid-state emission. When used in OLEDs, compounds act as an efficient solid-state pure deep-blue emitter with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE<sub><i>x</i>,<i>y</i></sub>) coordinates of (0.16, 0.07).
The influence of oxygen variation on the crystal structure and phase composition of the superconductor yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7-x) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe influence of oxygen variation on the crystal structure and phase composition of the superconductor yttrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3O7-x)A. Manthiram, J. S. Swinnea, Z. T. Sui, H. Steinfink, and J. B. GoodenoughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 22, 6667–6669Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00256a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1613Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (347 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Localized or itinerant TiO3electrons in RTiO3perovskites (2005)

A reinvestigation of nearly stoichiometric RTiO3 samples shows that (1) the transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic Ti–O–Ti interactions with increasing R3+-ion radius r3+ occurs at r3+≈1.11 Å where orthorhombic (Pbnm) RMO3 perovskites universally change structure from a cooperative rotation of undistorted to distorted MO6/2 octahedra about the orthorhombic b-axis, (2) the size of polaronic holes decreases progressively with r3+ from about ten Ti sites in LaTiO3 to small polarons in GdTiO3, (3) the strength of the R–O–Ti interactions increases with the spin of the R3+ ion in the ferromagnetic compounds, (4) the saturation magnetization of the ferromagnetic TiO3 array at 5 K and the Curie temperature TC both increase with decreasing r3+ where the R3+ ions have no spin, and (5) there is no evidence of 'cluster-glass' behaviour where there is no variance of the R3+-ion radii. The cooperative Jahn–Teller orbital ordering and small-polaron behaviour of the ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic compounds would favour localized Ti-3d electrons. However, the lack of saturation to 1 μB/Ti of the ferromagnetic TiO3 array in the absence of a spin on the R3+ ion suggests a separation of an orbitally ordered ferromagnetic phase and an orbitally disordered paramagnetic phase.
Gleason Score 6 Adenocarcinoma: Should It Be Labeled As Cancer? (2012)

Overtreatment of low-grade prostate cancer (Gleason score 6) is a recognized problem today, with systematic prostate gland sampling triggered by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements. The extent to which overtreatment is caused by fear of death resulting from cancer, fear of litigation from undertreatment, and misaligned incentives that reimburse more for treating rather than monitoring when appropriate is not known. Nevertheless, fear of death resulting from cancer likely plays some role, and removing the label “cancer” could reduce unnecessary treatment of low-grade disease. On the other hand, undertreatment of prostate cancer and a missed opportunity for cure in those who could benefit is a real risk of relabeling a cancer as noncancer. We have decided on an alternative modification of the Gleason scoring system and herein present the arguments for and against removing the label of cancer from Gleason 6 tumors. We believe that our alternative approach may help: one, ensure that patients receive the proper counseling/treatment; two, reduce the risk of overtreatment and its associated harms; and three, improve shared decision making.
Variability and Periodicity of Properties of Metal-Organic Frameworks: D.I. Mendeleev’s Periodic System in Action (2019)

This mini-review presents the analysis of the structure of metal-organic frameworks in terms of the D.I. Mendeleev’s Periodic Law. Up to date, 69,666 compounds of these coordination polymers, containing 78 elements of the Periodic Table, have been synthesized, and their structure has been established.
Projekt: SCOPE Norra (2011)

SCOPE Norra ar ett samarbetskonsortium for forskning och utveckling tillsammans med massa- och pappersindustrin i Norrbotten och Vasterbotten. Projektet koordineras av centrumbildningen ProcessIT I ...
Quintessence and the Missing Energy Problem (2000)

Recent evidence suggests that the total matter density of the universe is significantly less than the critical density. The shortfall may be explained by curvature (an open universe), vacuum energy density (a cosmological constant), or quintessence (a time-evolving, spatially inhomogeneous component with negative pressure). In all three cases, a key problem is to explain the initial conditions required to have the energy density nearly coincident with the matter density today. A possible solution is "tracker fields," a form of quintessence with an attractor-like solution which leads to the same conditions today for a very wide range of initial conditions. Tracker field make quintessence a more viable candidate for the missing energy component and produce more distinctive predictions.
Correction of wall adhesion effects in the centrifugal compression of strong colloidal gels (2016)

Several methods for measuring the compressive strength of strong particulate gels are available, including the centrifuge method, whereby the strength as a function of volume‐fraction is obtained parametrically from the dependence of equilibrium sediment height upon acceleration. The analysis used conventionally due to Buscall &amp; White (1987) ignores the possibility that the particulate network might adhere to the walls of the centrifuge tube, even though many types of cohesive particulate gel can be expected to. The neglect of adhesion is justifiable when the ratio of the shear to compressive strength is small, which it can be for many systems away from the gel‐point, but never very near it. The errors arising from neglect of adhesion are investigated theoretically and quantified by synthesising equilibrium sediment height versus acceleration data for various degrees of adhesion and then analysing them in the conventional manner. Approximate correction factors suggested by dimensionless analysis are then tested. The errors introduced by certain other approximations made routinely in order to render the data‐inversion practicable are analysed too. For example, it shown that the error introduced by treating the acceleration vector as approximately one‐dimensional is minuscule for typical centrifuge dimensions, whereas making this assumption renders the data inversion tractable. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 63: 1520–1528, 2017
7 nm Spatial Resolution in Soft X-ray Microscopy (2018)

Journal Article 7 nm Spatial Resolution in Soft X-ray Microscopy Get access Benedikt Rösner, Benedikt Rösner Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Benedikt Rösner, benedikt.roesner@psi.ch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Frieder Koch, Frieder Koch Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Florian Döring, Florian Döring Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vitaliy A Guzenko, Vitaliy A Guzenko Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Markus Meyer, Markus Meyer Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Joshua L Ornelas, Joshua L Ornelas Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andreas Späth, Andreas Späth Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rainer H Fink, Rainer H Fink Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Stefan Stanescu, Stefan Stanescu Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'ormes des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP-48, 91192, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sufal Swaraj, Sufal Swaraj Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'ormes des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP-48, 91192, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more Rachid Belkhou, Rachid Belkhou Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'ormes des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP-48, 91192, Gif-Sur-Yvette Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Benjamin Watts, Benjamin Watts Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jörg Raabe, Jörg Raabe Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Christian David Christian David Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 24, Issue S2, 1 August 2018, Pages 270–271, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927618013697 Published: 10 August 2018
Inhibition of human vascular endothelial cells proliferation by terbinafine (2004)

We have demonstrated previously that terbinafine (TB), an oral antifungal agent used in the treatment of superficial mycosis, suppresses proliferation of various cultured human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting DNA synthesis and activating apoptosis. In our study, we further demonstrated that TB at a range of concentrations (0-120 microM) dose-dependently decreased cell number in cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). Terbinafine was not cytotoxic at a concentration of 120 microM, indicating that it may have an inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation in HUVEC. The TB-induced inhibition of cell growth rate is reversible. [(3)H]thymidine incorporation revealed that TB reduced the [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into HUVEC during the S-phase of the cell-cycle. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein levels of cyclin A, but not cyclins B, D1, D3, E, CDK2 and CDK4, decreased after TB treatment. The TB-induced cell-cycle arrest in HUVEC occurred when the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity was inhibited just as the protein level of p21 was increased and cyclin A was decreased. Pretreatment of HUVEC with a p21 specific antisense oligonucleotide reversed the TB-induced inhibition of [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. Taken together, these results suggest an involvement of the p21-associated signaling pathway in the TB-induced antiproliferation in HUVEC. Capillary-like tube formation and chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays further demonstrated the anti-angiogenic effect of TB. These findings demonstrate for the first time that TB can inhibit the angiogenesis.
Robust spherical harmonic domain interpolation of spatially sampled array manifolds (2017)

Accurate interpolation of the array manifold is an important first step for the acoustic simulation of rapidly moving microphone arrays. Spherical harmonic domain interpolation has been proposed and well studied in the context of head-related transfer functions but has focussed on perceptual, rather than numerical, accuracy. In this paper we analyze the effect of measurement noise on spatial aliasing. Based on this analysis we propose a method for selecting the truncation orders for the forward and reverse spherical Fourier transforms given only the noisy samples in such a way that the interpolation error is minimized. The proposed method achieves up to 1.7 dB improvement over the baseline approach.
Bone Cell Precursors and the Pathophysiology of Bone Loss (2006)

In health, changes in bone formation and degradation rates are coupled and adequate cellular resources are available in the bone so that a change in bone formation rate occurs with an opposing change in resorption. On the other hand, the regulation of bone volume, particularly in pathological conditions, is dependent not only on the pathways that mediate terminal pathways of bone cell differentiation, but also on the availability of stem cells for allowing the differentiation to occur. Regulation of cell numbers in stem cell compartments and release of stem cells for differentiation of osteoblast or osteoclast precursors are not well understood, although it is clear that changes in stem cell numbers underlie pathological changes in bone mass. This may include effects of aging, fracture, metastatic disease, and autoimmune diseases on the precursor cell pools available for bone formation and degradation. Increases in osteoclast precursors or decreases in osteoblast precursors are common features of bone-losing states; increases in precursors may conversely occur during growth or repair processes. Rational therapy based on modifying stem cell populations may, when the processes are better understood, help prevent chronic bone-losing states and may also be of use in preventing or treating aplastic anemia and related conditions.
Visual recognition of multi-agent action using binary temporal relations (2003)

A probabilistic framework for representing and visually recognizing complex multi-agent action is presented. Motivated by work in model-based object recognition and designed for the recognition of action from visual evidence, the representation has three components: (1) temporal structure descriptions representing the temporal relationships between agent goals, (2) belief networks for probabilistically representing and recognizing individual agent goals from visual evidence, and (3) belief networks automatically generated from the temporal structure descriptions that support the recognition of the complex action. We describe our current work on recognizing American football plays from noisy trajectory data.
Hyperglycemia induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived stem cells: an in vitro study (2019)

Introduction: The physiopathology of calcific tendinopathy (CT) is largely unknown. It could be the result of an active cell-mediated process. Many endocrine and metabolic diseases may impair the homeostasis of the tendon. The present study investigated whether hyperglycemia may influence the differentiation of bone marrow MSCs (bMSCs). The hypothesis is that high glucose levels may induce bone differentiation of MSCs. Methods: Bone marrow (BM) was aspirated from the humeral head of three patients and concentrated. bMSCs were taken to the lab, counted, plated and grown to confluence. After 24 hrs cells were treated with MEM supplemented with low (5.0 mM), physiological (10 m M) and high (25 mM) glucose, (+) and (-) 10 m M insulin. Control cells were treated with MEM alone. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure changes in gene expression levels specific for fibrocartilage in bMSCs.
High-efficiency and broadband electro-optic frequency combs enabled by coupled micro-resonators (2021)

Developments in integrated photonics have led to stable, compact, and broadband comb generators that support a wide range of applications. Current on-chip comb generators, however, are still limited by low optical pump-to-comb conversion efficiencies. Here, we demonstrate an integrated electro-optic frequency comb with a conversion efficiency of 30% and an optical bandwidth of 132 nm, featuring a 100-times higher conversion efficiency and 2.2-times broader optical bandwidth compared with previous state-of-the-art integrated electro-optic combs. We further show that, enabled by the high efficiency, the device acts as an on-chip femtosecond pulse source (336 fs pulse duration), which is important for applications in nonlinear optics, sensing, and computing. As an example, in the ultra-fast and high-power regime, we demonstrate the observation of a combined EO-χ^(3) nonlinear frequency comb. Our device paves the way for practical optical frequency comb generators enabling energy-efficient computing, communication, and metrology, and provides a platform to investigate new regimes of optical physics that simultaneously involve multiple nonlinearities.