gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Phosphate Modified with Lithium Nitrate: A New Efficient Catalyst for the Construction of Carbon–Carbon, Carbon–Sulfur, and Carbon–Nitrogen Bonds (2007)

The addition of small amounts of lithium nitrate to natural phosphate followed by calcination gives a new catalyst Li/NP (weight ratio LiNO3/NP = 1/15). This material showed catalytic activity in the Michael addition of amines, mercaptans, and active methylene compounds to chalcone derivatives with high yields under mild reaction conditions. Li/NP is used as the catalyst for a facile synthesis of β-amino acids, β-sulfur acids, and 4 H-chromenes under heterogeneous conditions. The usual, undesirable byproducts from the Michael condensation such as 1,2-addition, bis-addition, and polymerization compounds are not observed with this method. The work-up procedure is simplified by simple filtration with the use of Li/NP.
Long-term drug administration in the adult zebrafish using oral gavage for cancer preclinical studies (2016)

Zebrafish are a major model for chemical genetics, and most studies use embryos when investigating small molecules that cause interesting phenotypes or that can rescue disease models. Limited studies have dosed adults with small molecules by means of water-borne exposure or injection techniques. Challenges in the form of drug delivery-related trauma and anesthesia-related toxicity have excluded the adult zebrafish from long-term drug efficacy studies. Here, we introduce a novel anesthetic combination of MS-222 and isoflurane to an oral gavage technique for a non-toxic, non-invasive and long-term drug administration platform. As a proof of principle, we established drug efficacy of the FDA-approved BRAF(V600E) inhibitor, Vemurafenib, in adult zebrafish harboring BRAF(V600E) melanoma tumors. In the model, adult casper zebrafish intraperitoneally transplanted with a zebrafish melanoma cell line (ZMEL1) and exposed to daily sub-lethal dosing at 100 mg/kg of Vemurafenib for 2 weeks via oral gavage resulted in an average 65% decrease in tumor burden and a 15% mortality rate. In contrast, Vemurafenib-resistant ZMEL1 cell lines, generated in culture from low-dose drug exposure for 4 months, did not respond to the oral gavage treatment regimen. Similarly, this drug treatment regimen can be applied for treatment of primary melanoma tumors in the zebrafish. Taken together, we developed an effective long-term drug treatment system that will allow the adult zebrafish to be used to identify more effective anti-melanoma combination therapies and opens up possibilities for treating adult models of other diseases.
Generating Business Intelligence Through Social Media Analytics: Measuring Brand Personality with Consumer-, Employee-, and Firm-Generated Content (2019)

Social media platforms provide an enormous public repository of textual data from which valuable information can be extracted. We show that firms can extract business intelligence from social media data bearing on an important business application, measuring brand personality. Specifically, we develop a text analytics framework that integrates different distinct sources of social media data generated by consumers, employees, and firms, to measure brand personality. Based on Elastic-Net regression analyses of a large corpus of social media data, including self-descriptions of 1,996,214 consumers who followed the sample of brands on social media, 312,400 employee reviews of the brands’ firms, and 680,056 brand official tweets, we develop a brand personality model that achieves prediction accuracy as high as 0.78. Among key insights, we find that the profile of individuals who choose to associate with brands on social media is an important predictor of brand personality; this provides the first real-world evidence for a consumer identity-brand personality link. We also identify a link between an organization’s internal corporate environment as perceived by employees and brand personality as judged by consumers. We further illuminate the practical implication of our predictive model by building a cloud-based information system that allows managers and analysts to explore and track personality of their own brands and their competitors’ brands.
Emergence of antibiotic resistance from multinucleated bacterial filaments (2014)

Bacteria can rapidly evolve resistance to antibiotics via the SOS response, a state of high-activity DNA repair and mutagenesis. We explore here the first steps of this evolution in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Induction of the SOS response by the genotoxic antibiotic ciprofloxacin changes the E. coli rod shape into multichromosome-containing filaments. We show that at subminimal inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin the bacterial filament divides asymmetrically repeatedly at the tip. Chromosome-containing buds are made that, if resistant, propagate nonfilamenting progeny with enhanced resistance to ciprofloxacin as the parent filament dies. We propose that the multinucleated filament creates an environmental niche where evolution can proceed via generation of improved mutant chromosomes due to the mutagenic SOS response and possible recombination of the new alleles between chromosomes. Our data provide a better understanding of the processes underlying the origin of resistance at the single-cell level and suggest an analogous role to the eukaryotic aneuploidy condition in cancer.
Microfluidic cell separation with antibody modified euglena by using phototaxis mediated migration (2011)

We develop a microfluidic cell separation method which combined microfluidic devices and multifunctional Euglena. Multifunctional Euglena for cell separation was successfully prepared by the surface modification of Euglena cell membrane and its performances were confirmed. Mutlifunctional Euglena in the inlet attached cells, migrated inside the microchannel by phototaxis towards the outlet chamber, and brought specific cells to the outlet. After moving to the outlet, cells in the outlet were detached from Euglena. Since it is based on the unique characters of Euglena, our method needs only simple device and can deal with small to large amount variety kinds of samples including cells.
Covariate Adjustment for the Intention-to-Treat Parameter with Empirical Efficiency Maximization (2008)

In randomized experiments, the intention-to-treat parameter is defined as the difference in expected outcomes between groups assigned to treatment and control arms. There is a large literature focusing on how (possibly misspecified) working models can sometimes exploit baseline covariate measurements to gain precision, although covariate adjustment is not strictly necessary. In Rubin and van der Laan (2008), we proposed the technique of empirical efficiency maximization for improving estimation by forming nonstandard fits of such working models. Considering a more realistic randomization scheme than in our original article, we suggest a new class of working models for utilizing covariate information, show our method can be implemented by adding weights to standard regression algorithms, and demonstrate benefits over existing estimators through numerical asymptotic efficiency calculations and simulations.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Digestibility and Utilization of Proteins (1973)

Casein autoclaved with glucose during different times and baked cake were investigated for digestibility and utilization of protein. In feeding experiment (rats), digestibility of protein and its net utilization were determined. Urine was also fractionated on Sephadex G-25 gel for determination of α-amino nitrogen compounds according to their molecular weight. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; digestion tests (pepsin-pancreatin) were also carried out. The results of the study give evidence that the Maillard reaction products, although not completely digested, are absorbed to the body and then excreted with the urine.
RNA Sequencing-Based Genome Reannotation of the DermatophyteArthroderma benhamiaeand Characterization of Its Secretome and Whole Gene Expression Profile during Infection (2016)

Dermatophytes are the most common agents of superficial mycoses in humans and animals. The aim of the present investigation was to systematically identify the extracellular, possibly secreted, proteins that are putative virulence factors and antigenic molecules of dermatophytes. A complete gene expression profile of <i>Arthroderma benhamiae</i> was obtained during infection of its natural host (guinea pig) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. This profile was completed with those of the fungus cultivated <i>in vitro</i> in two media containing either keratin or soy meal protein as the sole source of nitrogen and in Sabouraud medium. More than 60% of transcripts deduced from RNA-seq data differ from those previously deposited for <i>A. benhamiae</i>. Using these RNA-seq data along with an automatic gene annotation procedure, followed by manual curation, we produced a new annotation of the <i>A. benhamiae</i> genome. This annotation comprised 7,405 coding sequences (CDSs), among which only 2,662 were identical to the currently available annotation, 383 were newly identified, and 15 secreted proteins were manually corrected. The expression profile of genes encoding proteins with a signal peptide in infected guinea pigs was found to be very different from that during <i>in vitro</i> growth when using keratin as the substrate. Especially, the sets of the 12 most highly expressed genes encoding proteases with a signal sequence had only the putative vacuolar aspartic protease gene <i>PEP2</i> in common, during infection and in keratin medium. The most upregulated gene encoding a secreted protease during infection was that encoding subtilisin SUB6, which is a known major allergen in the related dermatophyte <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i>. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Dermatophytoses (ringworm, jock itch, athlete's foot, and nail infections) are the most common fungal infections, but their virulence mechanisms are poorly understood. Combining transcriptomic data obtained from growth under various culture conditions with data obtained during infection led to a significantly improved genome annotation. About 65% of the protein-encoding genes predicted with our protocol did not match the existing annotation for <i>A. benhamiae</i>. Comparing gene expression during infection on guinea pigs with keratin degradation <i>in vitro</i>, which is supposed to mimic the host environment, revealed the critical importance of using real <i>in vivo</i> conditions for investigating virulence mechanisms. The analysis of genes expressed <i>in vivo</i>, encoding cell surface and secreted proteins, particularly proteases, led to the identification of new allergen and virulence factor candidates.
New Method for H2S Removal in Acid Solutions (2010)

Several different technologies are available for H(2)S removal from the gas stream of medium capacity. Among them, the most widely used is Locat with more than 120 plants worldwide. In the last decade, many new processes, such as Sulfatreat-DO, Crystasulf, Caltech, and UCSR, were proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the state-of-the-art processes (low sulfur purity, chemical degradation, thiosulfate formation). We have developed a new H(2)S conversion method based on acid ferric nitrate solution, co-catalyzed by a heteropolyacid. H(2)S was converted to pure sulfur (>99.9 %), with no traces of organic compounds. Due to the acid pH of the solution, no chelant or surfactant was needed and iron content in the solution could reach very high levels. Keggin heteropolyacid (H(6)PW(9)V(3)O(40)) catalyzed the reoxidation of reduced ferrous solution with air at mild temperature and at very high reaction rate. The undesired side reaction (NO(x) formation) could be avoided by simply increasing the oxygen partial pressure.
Robot Audition based on Multiple-Input Independent Component Analysis for Recognizing Barge-In Speech under Reverberation (2011)

This paper presents a new method based on independent component analysis (ICA) for enhancing a target source and suppressing other interfering sound sources, supposed that the latter are known. The method can provides in a reverberant environment a barge-in-able robot audition system; that is, the user can talk to the robot at any time even when the robot speaks. Our method separates and dereverberates the user's speech and the robot's one by using Multiple Input ICA. The critical issue for real-time processing is to reduce the computational complexity of Multiple Input ICA to the linear order of the reverberation time, which has not been proposed so far. We attain it by exploit the property of the independence relationship between late observed signals and late speech signals. Experimental results show that 1) the computational complexity of our method is less than the naïve Multiple Input ICA method, and that 2) our method improves word correctness of automatic speech recognition under barge-in and reverberant situations; by at most 40 points for reverberation time of 240[ms] and 30 points for 670[ms].
A Murine Model for Viable Right-Ventricular Myocardial Mechanical Behavior (2012)

Although right-ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of cardio-pulmonary performance in health and disease, RV myocardium biomechanical function has received little attention. In particular, no multiaxial data of the full-thickness RV have been reported for the passive or active myocardial states, for either normal or pathological conditions. Since an understanding of tissue-level biomechanical behavior is integral to connecting cellular behavior to organ-level performance, investigations into the RV myocardial stress-strain relationship are central in providing this link. For example, ventricular wall stress is considered to be a major driver of ventricular remodeling, and thus a better understanding of how wall stress and deformation are linked would provide unique insights into the mechanisms of RV function and ultimately failure in disease. Such knowledge would have direct applicability to improving methods to detect RV dysfunction, predicting response to disease-specific therapies and improving the timing of therapy if or when needed. Here, we present a murine model of viable RVFW to obtain stable and robust mechanical data suitable for structural modeling. Our study determines the of window for viability of the RVFW samples, verifies uniformity of the structure, and carries biomechanical testing to determine stability and consistency of the data.
Characterization of the conjunctival vasopermeability response to leukotrienes and their involvement in immediate hypersensitivity. (1988)

The microvascular permeability response of the guinea pig conjunctiva to sulfidopeptide leukotrienes (LTs) was quantified as extravasation of radiolabeled bovine serum albumin. The LTs were potent inducers of increased microvascular permeability, with relative potencies LTE4 greater than or equal to LTD4 greater than LTC4. The response to LTs was unaffected by indomethacin or a pyrilamine/cimetidine combination, but the LT antagonists FPL 55712 and SKF 102922 significantly inhibited the response to LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4. In guinea pigs actively sensitized to ovalbumin, topical ocular administration of ovalbumin markedly increased conjunctival microvascular permeability; this response was reduced by approximately 50% following histaminergic blockade by pyrilamine/cimetidine. FPL 55712 and SKF 102922 and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) had no effect on the response to antigen when used alone. However, each agent significantly reduced the non-histaminergic component of the response when given in conjunction with pyrilamine/cimetidine. Thus, it appears that the immediate hypersensitivity response in guinea pig conjunctiva has a possible non-histaminergic component which is at least partly mediated by LTs.
Structural insights into hormone recognition by the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (2021)

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a peptide hormone that exerts crucial metabolic functions by binding and activating its cognate receptor, GIPR. As an important therapeutic target, GIPR has been subjected to intensive structural studies without success. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the human GIPR in complex with GIP and a G<sub>s</sub> heterotrimer at a global resolution of 2.9 Å. GIP adopts a single straight helix with its N terminus dipped into the receptor transmembrane domain (TMD), while the C terminus is closely associated with the extracellular domain and extracellular loop 1. GIPR employs conserved residues in the lower half of the TMD pocket to recognize the common segments shared by GIP homologous peptides, while uses non-conserved residues in the upper half of the TMD pocket to interact with residues specific for GIP. These results provide a structural framework of hormone recognition and GIPR activation.
A Classification of Spatial Stiffness Based on the Degree of Translational–Rotational Coupling (1999)

Previously, we have shown that, to realize an arbitrary spatial stiffness matrix, spring components that couple the translational and rotational behavior along/about an axis are required. We showed that, three such coupled components and three uncoupled components are sufficient to realize any full-rank spatial stiffness matrix and that, for some spatial stiffness matrices, three coupled components are necessary. In this paper, we show how to identify the minimum number of components that provide the translational-rotational coupling required to realize an arbitrarily specified spatial stiffness matrix. We establish a classification of spatial stiffness matrices based on this number which we refer to as the “degree of translational–rotational coupling” (DTRC). We show that the DTRC of a stiffness matrix is uniquely determined by the spatial stiffness mapping and is obtained by evaluating the eigenstiffnesses of the spatial stiffness matrix. The topological properties of each class are identified. In addition, the relationships between the DTRC and other properties identified in previous investigations of spatial stiffness behavior are discussed.
Synthesis and biological activity of pyridazine amides, hydrazones and hydrazides (2016)

A series of aphicidal [6-(3-pyridyl)pyridazin-3-yl]amides were discovered as a result of random screening of compounds that were intially investigated as herbicides. Follow-up studies of the structure-activity relationship of these [6-(3-pyridyl)pyridazin-3-yl]amides showed that biosteric replacement of the amide moiety was widely tolerated suggesting that further opportunities for exploitation may exist for this new area of insecticidal chemistry. Insecticidal efficacy from the original hit, compound 1, to the efficacy of compound 14 produced greater than 10-fold potency improvement against Aphis gossypii and greater than 14-fold potency improvement against Myzus persicae. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
<title>High-resolution heterodyne interferometric rotation encoder with frequency-modulated laser diode</title> (1996)

A high-resolution interferometric rotation encoder has been developed and characterized. It is based on the principle of a heterodyne interferometer. The frequency shifting was done by modulation of the injection current of a laser diode and a fiber-optical delay line allowing a compact system design. Light wave aberrations produced by the scale (i.e. rotary grating disk) are pre-corrected by using computer-generated holograms (CGH). Combined analogue and digital signal processing allow high resolution as well as high measurement rates. The designed prototype yields a resolution of 0.03 arcsec (i.e. 25 bit) corresponding to 3 nm resolution of displacement of the 38 mm diameter disk-scale. The measuring rate of 1 MHz allows a rotation speed resolution of 0.013 rpm at a maximum speed of 300 rpm.
Robust H/sub /spl infin// lateral control of heavy-duty vehicles in automated highway system (1999)

This paper deals with the robust steering control problem for heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) in automated highway system (AHS) using a H/sub /spl infin// loop shaping design procedure. In particular, a robust H/sub /spl infin// steering controller utilizing the virtual-look-ahead methodology is designed for a tractor-semitrailer to track the road centerline on both curved and straight highway sections. It is robust to the model uncertainties which consist of vehicle longitudinal speed, road adhesion coefficient and cargo loads in the trailer. Numerical simulations and experiments on a test truck show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Parenterale Ernährung in deutschen Perinatalzentren – Analyse zu Barrieren in der klinischen Anwendung als Wegweiser für praxisorientierte Lösungsansätze (2021)

Einleitung Deutschlandweit erhalten pro Jahr über 10.000 Früh- und kranke Neugeborene eine parenterale Ernährung. Aufgrund damit verbundener Risiken erarbeiteten europäische Fachgesellschaften eine evidenzbasierte Leitlinie für die Anwendung bei diesem Patientenkollektiv. Dennoch kommt es immer wieder zu Abweichungen und Behandlungsfehlern, von denen einige vermeidbar wären. Daten, wie die aktuellen Leitlinien in deutschen Perinatalzentren (PNZ) angewendet werden, liegen derzeit nicht vor. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Istzustand der Anwendung der europäischen Leitlinie in deutschen PNZ sowie Barrieren, die die Umsetzung erschweren oder verhindern, abzubilden. Zusätzlich sollen Lösungsansätze zur Überwindung der Barrieren in der klinischen und pharmazeutischen Praxis erarbeitet werden.
High resolution CD-SEM system (2003)

Because of rapidly decreasing line-width of integrated circuits, it is necessary to measure and control their critical dimensions with high accuracy. We have developed a new critical-dimension-measurement scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) S-9000 series, which has a new electron optics with retarding and boosting electric fields. To optimize the boosting voltage we have developed optics simulators that are capable of computing aberration coefficients and secondary electron detection efficieny in electric and magnetic mixed fields. At the optimized boosting voltage of around 5 kV for a final accelerating voltage of 800 V, not only 3 nm resolution but also highlighted bottom imaging of high aspect ratio contact holes is obtained.
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nitric Oxide Production Is Necessary for Hypoglycemia Detection and Counterregulation (2009)

We conclude that VMH NO production is necessary for glucose sensing in glucose-inhibited neurons and full generation of the CRR to hypoglycemia. These data suggest that potentiating NO signaling may improve the defective CRR resulting from recurrent hypoglycemia in patients using intensive insulin therapy.
Cloud computing log forensics-the new frontier (2014)

Cloud computing is becoming commonplace in industry. With this rise in adoption and use, there is a growing requirement to enable forensic investigators to collect, analyze and produce evidence that can be used in court cases. Unfortunately, traditional and digital forensics techniques cannot be directly applied to the cloud computing paradigm. In this paper, we explore the need created by cloud computing log forensics, discuss the issues involved, and highlight the unsolved research challenges in the space.
Periostin as a biomarker for the diagnosis of pediatric asthma (2016)

Serum periostin levels were significantly higher in children with asthma. ROC AUC values for periostin were equivalent to conventional biomarkers, including FeNO levels and lung function testing, indicating the utility of serum periostin levels in diagnosing asthma in children.