gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermally Induced Dehydrogenative Coupling of Organosilanes and H-Terminated Silicon Quantum Dots onto Germanane Surfaces (2020)

Covalently bonded organic monolayers play important roles in defining the solution processability, ambient stability, and electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as germanium nanosheets (GeNSs); they also hold promise of providing avenues for the fabrication of future generation electronic and optical devices. Functionalization of GeNSs normally involves surface moieties linked through covalent Ge–C bonds. In the present contribution we extend the scope of surface linkages to include Si–Ge bonding and present the first demonstration of heteronuclear dehydrocoupling of organosilanes to hydride-terminated GeNSs obtained from the deintercalation and exfoliation of CaGe2. We further exploit this new surface reactivity and demonstrate the preparation of directly bonded silicon quantum dot–Ge nanosheet hybrids.
Reconfigurable MoS2 Memtransistors for Continuous Learning in Spiking Neural Networks (2021)

Artificial intelligence and machine learning are growing computing paradigms, but current algorithms incur undesirable energy costs on conventional hardware platforms, thus motivating the exploration of more efficient neuromorphic architectures. Toward this end, we introduce here a memtransistor with gate-tunable dynamic learning behavior. By fabricating memtransistors from monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> grown on sapphire, the relative importance of the vertical field effect from the gate is enhanced, thereby heightening reconfigurability of the device response. Inspired by biological systems, gate pulses are used to modulate potentiation and depression, resulting in diverse learning curves and simplified spike-timing-dependent plasticity that facilitate unsupervised learning in simulated spiking neural networks. This capability also enables continuous learning, which is a previously underexplored cognitive concept in neuromorphic computing. Overall, this work demonstrates that the reconfigurability of memtransistors provides unique hardware accelerator opportunities for energy efficient artificial intelligence and machine learning.
R‐CHOP/R‐HDAC AND RITUXIMAB MAINTENANCE RESULTS IN HIGH COMPLETE REMISSION RATE, MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE NEGATIVITY, AND EXCELLENT SURVIVAL IN ELDERLY MCL PATIENTS (2017)

ORR was 75% (n = 21 responders), 6 pts (21%) achieved CR at a median of 4.4 mo (range 1.2-16.1) on VEN. Four pts with CR and two pts with PR remain on study (DORs: 25-40 mo). One pt with a PR proceeded to elective allogeneic stem-cell transplant and remained disease free at last protocol defined follow-up (24 mo after coming off study). Median PFS was 11 mo and DOR was 15 mo for the MCL cohort.
Trastuzumab-Induced HER Reprogramming in “Resistant” Breast Carcinoma Cells (2009)

Although trastuzumab (Herceptin) is an important advance in the treatment of breast cancer, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to trastuzumab either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. In this study, we observe that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER3 expression is substantially increased after long-term trastuzumab exposure of HER2-positive breast carcinoma-derived cell lines that show primary resistance to trastuzumab. Furthermore, long-term trastuzumab exposure of trastuzumab-resistant cell lines induces de novo sensitivity to the EGFR-targeted agents gefitinib or cetuximab in two of three cell lines accompanied by increased EGFR expression. Together, these results indicate that primary trastuzumab resistance is not synonymous with lack of responsiveness to trastuzumab and, importantly, suggest that trastuzumab priming may sensitize trastuzumab-resistant tumors to other HER family-directed therapeutics.
Intensity and frequency noise in high power highly coherent VeCSELs (2011)

Laser technology is maturing rapidly and is finding applications in areas such as high resolution spectroscopy, optical telecoms, metrology, where highly coherent, low noise, compact and high power tunable sources are required. For this purpose, a compact design can be achieved, using a simple extended-cavity semiconductor surface emitting laser (VeCSEL), that outclasses the performances reached by traditional laser technologies (laser diode, DPSSL, ...). These lasers offer continuous wave operation at 300K at high output power with a circular, diffraction limited, low divergence beam.
Biaryl Synthesis via Direct Arylation: Establishment of an Efficient Catalyst for Intramolecular Processes. (2004)

In this Communication, we describe direct arylation reactions with improved scope and catalyst activity for the intramolecular formation of biaryl compounds. This was achieved through the establishment of a highly active and robust catalyst system and the subsequent development of a novel phosphine ligand &lt;b&gt;27&lt;/b&gt;. The enhanced catalytic activity extends these transformations to include previously unreactive and poorly reactive substrates, and allows for very low catalyst loadings to be employedas little as 0.1 mol %.
Brave New Genome (2015)

Genome editing holds great therapeutic promise, but its application in humans would require not only overcoming serious technical challenges but also addressing serious risks and fraught ethical issues.
Steam Reforming of Ethylene Glycol over MgAl2O4 Supported Rh, Ni, and Co Catalysts (2015)

Steam reforming of ethylene glycol (EG) over MgAl2O4 supported metal (15 wt % Ni, 5 wt % Rh, and 15 wt % Co) catalysts was investigated using combined experimental and theoretical methods. Compared to highly active Rh and Ni catalysts with 100% conversion, the steam reforming activity of EG over the Co catalyst is comparatively lower with only 42% conversion under the same reaction conditions (500 °C, 1 atm, 119 000 h–1, S/C = 3.3 mol). However, CH4 selectivity over the Co catalyst is remarkably lower. For example, by varying the gas hour space velocity (GHSV) such that complete conversion is achieved for all the catalysts, CH4 selectivity for the Co catalyst is only 8%, which is much lower than the equilibrium CH4 selectivity of ∼24% obtained for both the Rh and Ni catalysts. Further studies show that varying H2O concentration over the Co catalyst has a negligible effect on activity, thus indicating zero-order dependence on H2O. These experimental results suggest that the supported Co catalyst is a promising EG steam reforming catalyst for high hydrogen production. To gain mechanistic insight for rationalizing the lower CH4 selectivity observed for the Co catalyst, the initial decomposition reaction steps of ethylene glycol via C–O, O–H, C–H, and C–C bond scissions on the Rh(111), Ni(111), and Co(0001) surfaces were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Despite the fact that the bond scission sequence in the EG decomposition on the three metal surfaces varies, which leads to different reaction intermediates, the lower CH4 selectivity over the Co catalyst, as compared to the Rh and Ni catalysts, is primarily due to the higher barrier for CH4 formation. The higher S/C ratio enhances the Co catalyst stability, which can be elucidated by the facile water dissociation and an alternative reaction path to remove the CH species as a coking precursor via the HCOH formation.
Rapidly Progressive Shock and Death from Clozapine-Induced Toxic Megacolon: Lessons Still to be Learned (2011)

Purpose: Clozapine (CLOZARIL, FAZACLO) is an atypical antipsychotic medication used in the treatment of schizophrenia. Because the anti-cholinergic activity of the drug can lead to decreased peristalsis, gastrointestinal hypomotility and constipation are known side effects. In rare cases, patients can progress to toxic megacolon, or may develop severe complications including colonic obstruction, ischemia, perforation, and shock. A 48 year-old female patient with hyperlipidemia and schizoaffective disorder but no other medical problems was brought to the emergency department with hypotension, altered mental status, and abdominal distention. A month prior to presentation, the patient's daily clozapine dose had been increased by 100 mg to 600 mg per day. On the day of presentation, the patient was found to have altered mental status and was complaining of abdominal pain. On arrival to the emergency room (ER), her blood pressure was in 80/60 with physical exam significant for diffuse abdominal distension and tenderness without peritoneal signs. Abdominal CT scan on presentation showed marked dilatation of the colon filled with predominately semisolid fecal material to the level of the proximal sigmoid colon with associated mesenteric edema suspicious for bowel ischemia. She was treated for presumed septic shock initially with aggressive intravenous fluid hydration in the ER, however she remained hypotensive, and became obtunded and was started on vasopressors. She was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) where over the subsequent 16 hours her status deteriorated. Her ICU course was characterized by refractory septic shock and worsening abdominal distension. A repeat CT scan showed persistent, marked colonic dilatation with increased soft tissue stranding around the colon, again raising the possibility of bowel ischemia. Approximately 20 hours following her initial emergency department presentation, the patient expired. An autopsy was significant for toxic megacolon. Several fatalities attributed to clozapine-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility have been documented in the psychiatric and toxicology literature with moderate to severe abdominal pain, distension and vomiting being the most common initial symptoms. Massively dilated bowel, suspected bowel ischemia and/or impending perforation are indications for surgical intervention in patients with clozapine-induced bowel dysfunction and may have been of benefit in this case.
Multi-armed, TEMPO-functionalized unimolecular initiators for starburst dendrimer synthesis via stable free radical polymerization. 1. Tri azo-functionalized unimer (2004)

The synthesis of azobenzene-functionalized multi-armed unimolecular initiators or "unimers" that can be polymerized using styrene or styrenic derivatives via TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidenyl-1-oxyl) mediated stable free radical polymerization (SFRP) is described. The unimers are composed of an azobenzene-functionalized core and a TEMPO-modified unit. Homopolymers and copolymers of styrene and acetoxystyrene were synthesized using the mono-and trifunctionalized unimers as initiators under bulk conditions with average molecular weights and polydispersities reported. The studies lay the groundwork for further investigations involving SFRP towards building a light harvesting system by introducing chromophores onto the polymer chains for capturing light and thence transferring it to the azobenzene core.Key words: azo-functionalized unimolecular initiator, stable free radical polymerization, starburst dendrimer.
Designed Cell-Penetrating Peptide Inhibitors of Amyloid-beta Aggregation and Cytotoxicity (2020)

Amyloid proteins and peptides are a major contributing factor to the development of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and prion diseases. Previously, a designed cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) comprising a hydrophobic signal sequence followed by a prion protein (PrP)-derived polycationic sequence (PrP23–28: KKRPKP) was shown to have potent anti-prion properties. Here, we extend this approach toward the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide amyloid formation, which is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. We characterized the interactions of the CPP with Aβ using complementary in vitro and in silico experiments. We report that the CPP stabilizes Aβ in a non-amyloid state and inhibits Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, replacing PrP23–28 with a corresponding segment from Aβ results in a construct with similar CPP functionality and antagonism of Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity. Our findings reveal a general underlying principle for inhibition of pathogenic protein aggregation that may facilitate the design of CPP-based therapeutics for amyloid diseases.
A 6 to 24 GHz continuously tunable, microfabricated, high-Q cavity resonator with electrostatic MEMS actuation (2012)

An all-silicon capacitive-post loaded cavity tunable resonator, continuously tunable from C to K frequency bands is presented for the first time. All parts of the resonator are fabricated using silicon microfabrication techniques. The presented device is tuned electrostatically from 6.1 to 24.4 GHz (4∶1 tuning range) with a measured unloaded quality factor (Q <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</inf> ) from 300–1,000. The resonator includes an evanescent capacitive-post section with a thin film of low-loss dielectric (Parylene-N) as a spacer between the optically smooth, gold coated silicon post-top and single-crystal-silicon diaphragm to create sub-micrometer initial gaps. Consequently, the resonator achieves a capacitance density of 47 pF/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at its lowest frequency. This is 5.6× higher than the state-of-the-art tunable filter designs. It is considered that precision and tight tolerances associated with the microfabrication techniques hold the key in achieving high-Q, widely tunable filters. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the widest tuning high-Q resonator presented today.
Simplified Cost‐Effective Preparation of High‐Performance Ag–Pt Nanowire Motors (2010)

Nanomotors: A simplified cost-effective template approach for preparing efficient gold-free bimetal Ag–Pt nanowire motors, where the silver segment is obtained by a partial removal of the silver sacrificial layer is described (see figure). The unusual behavior, reflecting the ‘active’ role of the Ag segment and the asymmetry of the catalytic surface provides the ultrafast motion of these nanomotors.
Benchmarking Network Performance of Augmented Reality Based Surgical Telementoring Systems (2022)

Telementoring in surgery facilitates the transfer of surgical knowledge from the mentor to the mentee. Augmented Reality (AR) further assists this transfer by overlaying visual cues (e.g., in the form of virtual surgical instrument motion) generated by the mentor onto the operative field of the mentee. In this work, we present a benchmark for comparing such AR based surgical telementoring systems. The results compare the network performances of these systems across different types of surgery (open or minimally invasive), based on the locations of the mentor and the mentee (inter- or intra- country), and finally the underlying networking protocols (RTMP versus WebRTC).
Making simulated faces come alive (2016)

Our behaviour emerges as the result of many systems interacting at different scales, from low level biology to high level social interaction. Is it possible to create naturalistic explanatory models which can integrate these factors? We describe the general approach and design of a framework to create autonomous expressive embodied models of behaviour based on affective and cognitive neuroscience theories, sharing similar goals with current research in developmental robotics and embodied cognition, but with emphasis on computer graphics and face to face interaction. We aim to create a “large functioning sketch” of several fundamental aspects of behaviour affecting the face to explore emergence from interaction of low level and high level systems in a top-down bottom up approach.
Addition of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide to Existing Clinical Risk Scores Enhances Identification of Patients at Risk for Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Pulmonary Vein Isolation (2015)

Introduction: Predicting which patients will be free from atrial fibrillation (AF) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains challenging. Clinical risk prediction scores show modest ability to identify patients at risk for AF recurrence after PVI. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is associated with risk for incident and recurrent AF but is not currently included in existing AF risk scores. We sought to evaluate the incremental benefit of adding preoperative BNP to existing risk scores for predicting AF recurrence during the 6 months after PVI. Methods: One hundred sixty-one patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF underwent an index PVI procedure between 2010 and 2013; 77 patients (48%) had late AF recurrence after PVI (>3 months post-PVI) over the 6-month follow-up period. Results: A BNP greater than or equal to 100 pg/dL (P = 0.01) and AF recurrence within 3 months after PVI (P < 0.001) were associated with late AF recurrence in multivariate analyses. Addition of BNP to existing clinical risk scores significantly improved the areas under the curve for each score, with an integrated discrimination improvement of 0.08 (P = 0.001) and a net reclassification improvement of 60% (P = 0.001) for all risk scores. Conclusions: Circulating BNP levels are independently associated with late AF recurrence after PVI. Inclusion of BNP significantly improves the discriminative ability of CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, R2CHADS2, and the HATCH score in predicting clinically significant, late AF recurrence after PVI and should be incorporated in decision-making algorithms for management of AF. B-R2CHADS2 is the best score model for prediction of late AF recurrence.
CVA6's Data cache: Structure and Behavior (2022)

Since Spectre and Meltdown's disclosure in 2018, a new category of attacks has been identified and characterized by the scientific community. The Foreshadow attack, which was the first one to target Intel's secure enclave technology (namely SGX) has been developed shortly after. It opened the way to micro architectural attacks on Intel's architecture, and led to the quick development of micro architectural attacks until today. While Spectre and Meltdown are often considered as the first micro architectural attacks, one can argue that cache attacks, as introduced by Osvik et al. in 2006, can be seen as the first types of micro architectural attacks that were developed. Now, even though there are many variants, they are still the most prominent type of micro architectural attacks. One example of cache micro architectural covert-channel is the Prime+Probe. Lately targeting the Intel architecture, the micro architectural attacks are now challenging a wider variety of CPUs. Recently, CPUs running the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture have been targeted. One famous and widely used RISC-V CPU is the ETH Zurich's CVA6 (formerly Ariane) core. CVA6 is a 6-stage, single issue, in-order CPU. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing document presenting very detailed aspects of the CVA6's micro architecture, especially with respect to the data cache. Such information is mandatory to deeply understand any architectural or micro architectural study successfully, such as the replication of the Prime+Probe attack on the CVA6 CPU proposed by Nils Wistoff. This paper presents the implementation of the Data cache in the CVA6 CPU from OpenHW Group by focusing on its memory structure and explaining through several examples what happens when a request for memory allocation occurs.
ChemInform Abstract: Z1046, a Novel Peripheral Dopaminergic Agent. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Acute polyarthritis during a parvovirus B19 primary infection]. (2007)

Parvovirus B19 classically causes erythema infectiosum in children, febrile arthralgia or acute erythroblastopenia in adult. The clinical spectrum of adult primary infection is sometimes misleading. We report an observation of an acute rheumatoid-like arthritis following primary parvovirus B19 infection in a 42-year-old woman.
Silanediol‐Based Inhibitor of Thermolysin. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Common genetic changes in hereditary and sporadic pituitary adenomas detected by comparative genomic hybridization (2005)

Twenty-four pituitary adenomas, both the sporadic type (n = 18) and the type arising in association with either multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN1; n = 2), or Carney complex (CNC, n = 4) were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization. Twenty-one (88%) tumors displayed chromosomal alterations. The number of chromosomal aberrations in each tumor varied from 2 to greater than 10. Several recurrent chromosomal abnormalities were identified in this study. The most frequently detected losses of chromosomal material involved 1p (14 of 24, 58%), 11p (11 of 24, 46%), 17 (10 of 24, 42%), 16p (9 of 24, 38%), 4 (8 of 24, 33%), 10p (6 of 24, 25%), 12 (6 of 24, 25%), 20 (6 of 24, 25%), 22q (6 of 24, 25%), 13q (5 of 24, 21%), and 9p (4 of 24, 17%). Copy number increases were detected on 4q (7 of 24, 29%), 17 (8 of 24, 33%), 19 (7 of 24, 29%), 1p (6 of 24, 25%), 5 (6 of 24, 25%), 20 (6 of 24, 25%), 6q (5 of 24, 21%), 13q21−qter (5 of 24, 21%), and 16p (5 of 24, 21%). Chromosome 11 loss, which involved 11p in all cases, was the most significant finding and was common to tumors arising sporadically and in association with MEN1 and CNC. In addition, the majority of the tumors (18 of 24, 75% overall and 86% of all tumors with chromosomal abnormalities) showed involvement of chromosome 1. Tumors had either loss (14 of 24, 58%) or gain (6 of 24, 25%) in the 1p32–1pter region. Finally, changes on chromosome 17, either loss or gain, occurred in 71% (17) of all 24 patients. In summary, all the tumors with chromosomal rearrangements (21 of 24, 88%), whether sporadic pituitary adenomas or those associated with MEN1 or CNC, had alteration(s) of 1p32, 11p, or 17. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Autonomous Discovery of Battery Electrolytes with Robotic Experimentation and Machine-Learning (2019)

Innovations in batteries take years to formulate, requiring extensive experimentation during the design and optimization phases. We approach the design of a battery electrolyte as a black-box optimization problem. We report here the discovery of a novel battery electrolyte by a robotic electrolyte experiment guided by machine-learning software. Motivated by the recent trend toward super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes for high-performance batteries, we utilize Dragonfly - a Bayesian machine-learning software package - to search mixtures of commonly used lithium and sodium salts for super-concentrated aqueous electrolytes with wide electrochemical stability windows. Dragonfly autonomously managed the robotic test-stand, recommending electrolyte designs to test and receiving experimental feed- back in real time. Within 40 hours of continuous experimentation, Dragonfly discovered a novel, high-performing aqueous sodium electrolyte that a human-guided design process may have missed. This result demonstrates the possibility of integrating robotics with machine-learning to rapidly and autonomously discover novel battery materials.
Linear-in-wavenumber actively-mode-locked wavelength-swept laser (2020)

We report on an akinetic actively-mode-locked wavelength-swept laser (ASL) with a sweep that is highly linear in wavenumber. By tailoring the drive waveform of the intracavity modulator, the wavenumber sweep was further linearized to enable high fidelity frequency-domain interferometric ranging without resampling of the acquired data. Used for catheter-based optical coherence tomography, the ASL showed comparable imaging performance to a state-of-the-art polygon-based wavelength-swept source at a matching sweep rate of 103.6 kHz, a duty cycle of 95%, and a bandwidth of 100 nm, centered at 1330 nm.