gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD8 LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN ACTIVE POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA: COMPARISON WITH ELDERLY-ONSET AND ADULT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND INFLUENCE OF PREDNISONE THERAPY (1996)

The aim of this study was to evaluate CD8 lymphocyte subsets in active polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), to determine whether low percentages of CD8+ cells could be used to differentiate PMR from elderly-onset (EORA) and adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to investigate the effects of prednisone on CD8 lymphocyte subsets. A significant reduction of percentages and absolute numbers of CD8bright+ cells was observed in patients with active PMR. Both CD8bright+, CD57- and CD8bright+, CD57+ subsets were significantly reduced. Reduced percentages of CD8+ cells were observed in 55% of patients with active PMR/giant cell arteritis (GCA), in 23% with EORA and in 44% with adult RA. Prednisone therapy in PMR patients, after only 1 week, increased the lymphocyte count and the absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets significantly. However, the percentages of CD8bright+ cells remained persistently low for the 2 yr study period in 80% of the patients with low pre-treatment levels. Our results demonstrate that CD8 cell percentage is a poor epidemiological discriminator for PMR diagnosis. Notwithstanding the rise in absolute numbers of CD8 cell subsets induced by prednisone, the persistently low percentages of CD8+ cells in a group of PMR patients indicate an abnormality connected with the disease.
Tissue Engineering: A Modular, Hydroxyapatite‐Binding Version of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Adv. Mater. 48/2010) (2010)

On p. 5494, William L. Murphy and co-workers report on a biomimetic peptide capable of binding hydroxapatite and promoting pro-angiogenic activity including endothelial cell growth and migration. Such a peptide could form a key material for growing, and healing bone tissue.
Electron-density and energy distributions in a planar inductively coupled discharge (1994)

Electron-density and electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs) are measured in a 20-cm-diam by 14-cm-long cylindrical, inductively coupled plasma source driven by fields from a planar, spiral coil at 13.6 MHz. Radio-frequency (rf) -filtered Langmuir probes are used to obtain spatial profiles of electron population characteristics in argon at powers and pressures of interest for etching and plasma-assisted deposition (1–100 mT). Electron densities range from 1010 to 1012 cm3 with 100–500 W of rf power and peak on axis in the center of the cylindrical volume. The EEDFs show that the observed average electron energy varies by 1–2 eV spatially, with the highest values of average energy occurring at those regions of strongest rf electric field. The EEDF measurements also reveal a significant population of cold electrons trapped in a potential well at the location of peak electron density. From these spatial measurements, spatial estimates of conductivity and ionization rate are deduced.
Aromatic poly(ether ether ketone)s capable of crosslinking via UV irradiation to improve gas separation performance (2017)

The high reactivity of methyl groups to form radicals in biphenyl-based poly(ether-ether-ketone)s improves the separation performance of the crosslinked membranes.
The Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients With Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

CXCR3 is a novel molecular marker in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Its higher expression is an independent predictor of improved disease-free survival following nephrectomy for localized disease. Since CXCR3 is not associated with other clinicopathological prognostic factors, it may represent an ideal complementary molecular marker for identifying patients who are at higher risk for recurrence after nephrectomy.
Transition metal-free one-pot synthesis of substituted pyrroles by employing aza-Wittig reaction (2019)

A mild and metal-free one-pot synthetic strategy has been developed for the construction of substituted pyrroles by employing aza-Wittig reaction from a unique and unexplored combination of chromones and phenacyl azides. This method does not compromise the diverse substitutions on both the phenacyl azides and chromones. The merits of this method are wide substrate scope, easy functionalization, short reaction time, operationally simple, and higher yields. Moreover, this method is amenable for the generation of a library of key pyrrole building blocks.
Modeling of Epitaxial Silicon Thin‐Film Growth on a Rotating Substrate in a Horizontal Single‐Wafer Reactor (1995)

The effect of substrate rotation on transport of reactive gases and epitaxial growth rate is investigated for a horizontal single‐wafer reactor using a model and experiments. The governing equations for gas velocity, temperature, and chemical species transport are solved for the system for Si thin‐film preparation. The rotating substrate causes a circulating gas flow region above itself in which an asymmetric and nonuniform distribution is formed by thermal diffusion and species consumption due to the surface chemical reaction, even when the growth rate profile on the substrate surface is nearly uniform. The thickness of a thin‐film grown at any position is obtained by an integral of the local growth rate along a concentric circle on the substrate surface. The good uniformity in the film thickness observed in calculation and measurement is mainly attributed to the averaging effect by integrating the local growth rate, and partially by the species concentration distribution change, both of which are caused by the rotating motion of the substrate.
Red blood cell transfusion and outcome in cardiac surgery: the songs remain the same (2023)

Journal Article Red blood cell transfusion and outcome in cardiac surgery: the songs remain the same Get access Marco Ranucci Marco Ranucci Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy Corresponding author. Department of Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy. Tel: +39 02 52774754; e-mail: cardioanestesia@virgilio.it (M. Ranucci). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-3572 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Volume 63, Issue 4, April 2023, ezad119, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezad119 Published: 24 March 2023 Article history Received: 20 March 2023 Accepted: 24 March 2023 Published: 24 March 2023 Corrected and typeset: 11 April 2023
Hot electron transport in magnetic tunnel transistors with an epitaxial MgO tunnel barrier (2010)

We fabricated fully epitaxial magnetic tunnel transistors (MTTs) consisting of a Fe(001)/MgO(001) emitter and a Fe(001) based on a n-GaAs(001) collector. We observed much higher transfer ratio (α) and magnetocurrent (MC) ratio than those of the previously reported MTTs that had an amorphous AlO barrier. These improvements are due to the coherent tunneling and single-crystalline base layer. In addition, a pronounced peak structure appeared in the emitter bias dependence of α, which might be attributed to the interface resonance states at the Fe(001)/GaAs(001) interface.
Does an “Overactive to Underactive Bladder Transition” Phenomenon Exist in a Rat Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis Model? (2015)

Purpose: To investigate the association between the maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) and other cystometric parameters in lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) rats. Material and Methods: One small hole was drilled at the fifth lumbar vertebral arch (Sham), and a rectangular piece of silicone rubber was then placed in the epidural space (LCS) of Wister rats. Two weeks after surgery, awake cystometry was performed. LCS rats were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 5, MCC 1.81 mL). Cystometric parameters were investigated in sham and LCS groups. Results: MCC did not significantly correlate to the frequency of non-voiding contractions (NVCs), voided volume (VV), or maximum intravesical pressure during voiding (Pmax), but significantly positively correlated to postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) and residual urine rate (RUR) (Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ρ) = 0.8973 (p < 0.0001) and 0.4915 (p = 0.0068), respectively). Compared with the sham rats, LCS rats in each group revealed significantly smaller VV, larger RUR, and lower Pmax. On the other hand, among LCS rats, VV, RUR, and Pmax were not significantly different. The frequency of NVCs in each LCS group was not significantly different from that in sham-operated rats (Tukey-Kramer’s HSD test). However, a Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test revealed a significant trend toward higher NVCs in the order of sham, Groups C, B, and A (p = 0.036). Conclusions: LCS rats showed the same degree of detrusor underactivity regardless of MCC. NVCs did not significantly increase in LCS rats with decreased MCC, but the trend toward higher NVCs with smaller MCC was significant.
In-process image detection technique for determination of overlay and image quality for ASM-L wafer stepper (1992)

The possibilities of in-process blue image sensing by using only the implemented darkfield TTL alignment system of a stepper are investigated. It is shown, that all overlay related parameters of a PAS5000/50 and /70 stepper such as red-blue, magnification, rotation and translation can be measured from an enhanced latent image in a special dyed resist but also with some reduction in accuracy in a pure resist only. Results of overlay measurements on typical technological layers and of similar experiments based on latent image sensing in dyed and in pure resist are given, indicating the capability of in-situ overlay control and correction on process wafers. A new alignment target sensing (ATS) technique of focus measurement using the alignment detection system of the stepper for both daily focus control and correction as well as for focus setting on process wafers with typical technological layers is introduced. The method uses special designed alignment markers containing lines and spaces at the working resolution. Results are given for sensing the developed resist pattern as well as the latent image for an i-line and a DUV stepper. The applicability is demonstrated by measuring the influence of varying resist layer thickness and of varying oxide layer thickness of various film stacks of technological layers on optimum focus. The validity of these results is proven by comparisons to other focus measurement techniques such as chessboard and SEM linewidth measurements. A mathematical model based on the diffraction theory of thin gratings has been developed to support the marker design as well as to calculate the Image Quality Signal (IQS) vs. focus/exposure curves of developed images. The model has been verified by experiments.
Development of Pr:LuAG Scintillator Array and Assembly for Positron Emission Mammography (2010)

Abstract-In order to detect the breast cancer at the early stage with high efficiency, we intend to develop positron emission mammography (PEM), using Pr:LuAG single crystal as a scintillator of this scanner. PEM has the same mechanism of PET, where two 511 keV annihilation gamma-rays are detected by two gamma cameras at opposite side, and reconstruction of the data shows the position of the cancer with malignancy grades. After cutting and polishing processes for each crystal to a physical dimensions of 2.1 × 2.1 × 15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , Pr:LuAG array covered with BaSO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> reflector was used as a sensor head. The one camera unit consisted of 20 × 64 pixels optically coupled with three H8500-03 multi anode PMTs. Our PEM required four cameras at each side. Finally, eight cameras were installed in both sides of the prototype instrument and the spatial resolution was evaluated using the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> F in the breast phantom.
Partitioned Stator- Flux Switching Machine Utilizing Different Magnet Grades (2019)

A partitioned stator flux switching machine addresses one of the key challenges in conventional flux switching machine (FSM) in terms of having the winding and permanent magnets (PMs) competing for space. On the other hand, it has the challenge of high volume of PM material. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a partitioned stator flux switching machine for traction application using a blend of magnet types (can be thought of as hybrid magnets), i. e. Dy-NdFeB, Dy-free NdFeB, and Ferrite to reduce the overall permanent magnet cost while maintaining comparable electromagnetic performance. The paper will present electromagnetic performance evaluation of multiple designs using Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. Comparison of key performance metrics including torque/power-speed curves, short-circuit current, flux weakening capability, risk of demagnetization, and cost analysis will be presented.
Asia Pacific Consensus Statements on Crohn's disease. Part 1: Definition, diagnosis, and epidemiology (2015)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was previously thought to be rare in Asia, but emerging data indicate rising incidence and prevalence of IBD in the region. The Asia Pacific Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease was established in Cebu, Philippines, at the Asia Pacific Digestive Week conference in 2006 under the auspices of the Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology with the goal of developing best management practices, coordinating research, and raising awareness of IBD in the region. The consensus group previously published recommendations for the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis with specific relevance to the Asia-Pacific region. The present consensus statements were developed following a similar process to address the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Crohn's disease. The goals of these statements are to pool the pertinent literature specifically highlighting relevant data and conditions in the Asia-Pacific region relating to the economy, health systems, background infectious diseases, differential diagnoses, and treatment availability. It does not intend to be all comprehensive and future revisions are likely to be required in this ever-changing field.
Iotasul, a water-soluble contrast agent for direct and indirect lymphography. Results of preclinical investigations. (1980)

Iotasul, a non-ionic dimeric water-soluble contrast agent with outstanding physico-chemical properties is well suited for direct as well as indirect lymphography, as demonstrated in experimental animals. The contrast medium is eliminated practically completely within 24 hours by the renal route. The tolerance of this agent is far better than that of oily contrast media.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor α Through Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2, Sphingosine Kinase 1, and Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptors (2005)

This study establishes a previously undescribed link among TNF-alpha, Sph1P, and eNOS in a same signaling pathway of biological relevance in the process of endothelial cell activation by TNF-alpha.
Learning the properties of Receptive Fields in the context of Perceptual Image Quality assessment (2009)

In this paper we introduce a statistical framework for image quality assessment based on the properties of hierarchical receptive fields (RFs) which are the primary mechanism for detection of visual patterns in the human visual system (HVS). We show how this frame work can be used to learn about different aspects of RFs such as the shape and size of RFs in the early vision and the directional preference of the RFs in the V1 cortex. The proposed framework offers a probabilistic approach to the detection of discrepancies (distortion) between a reference and a test visual stimuli (e.g. images). The proposed Probabilistic Perceptual Image Quality (PPIQ) framework offers a more realistic notion of image quality assessment, based on ldquocomparative memoryrdquo as opposed to ldquodifferential photographic memoryrdquo, which was required for explanation of many aspects of legacy image quality methods.
Dexterous high-precision robotic wrist for micromanipulation (2013)

This paper describes the design and experimental validation of a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic wrist which enables high-precision, anthropomorphic motion suitable for both teleoperative and automated robotic micromanipulation tasks. The proposed parallel-platform based robotic wrist improves upon previous wrist designs by combining the mechanical stiffness and precision of conventional parallel-platform manipulators (PPMs) with the larger workspaces and more dexterous motion of serial chain manipulators (SCMs). This robotic wrist also includes a non-backdrivable actuation mechanism, a continuous tool rotation DOF which allows for non-anthropomorphic twisting motions necessary for drilling and screw mating, and a coaxial channel through which wires and tubes can pass. A dexterous wrist prototype demonstrates an angular motion resolution of 0.1° and a motion bandwidth of 3.0Hz over a motion range greater than that of the human wrist.
Advanced Nanoanalysis of a Hf-Based High-k Dielectric Stack Prior to Activation (2007)

Analytical electron microscopy techniques are used to investigate elemental distributions across a high-&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt; dielectric stack with a metal gate. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy results from a Si(100)/SiO2/HfO2/TiN/a-Si gate stack confirm the presence of an oxide interfacial phase at the TiN/a-Si interface prior to activation of the stack.
Efficient Object Localization Using Convolutional Networks (2014)

Recent state-of-the-art performance on human-body pose estimation has been achieved with Deep Convolutional Networks (ConvNets). Traditional ConvNet architectures include pooling and sub-sampling layers which reduce computational requirements, introduce invariance and prevent over-training. These benefits of pooling come at the cost of reduced localization accuracy. We introduce a novel architecture which includes an efficient `position refinement' model that is trained to estimate the joint offset location within a small region of the image. This refinement model is jointly trained in cascade with a state-of-the-art ConvNet model to achieve improved accuracy in human joint location estimation. We show that the variance of our detector approaches the variance of human annotations on the FLIC dataset and outperforms all existing approaches on the MPII-human-pose dataset.
Comparison of perfluorochemical fluids used for liquid ventilation: Effect of endotracheal tube flow resistance (1997)

Neonatal endotracheal tubes with small inner diameters are associated with increased resistance regardless of the medium used for assisted ventilation. During liquid ventilation (LV) reduced interfacial tension and pressure drop along the airways result in lower alveolar inflation pressure compared with gas ventilation (GV). This is possible by optimizing liquid ventilation strategies to overcome the resistive forces associated with liquid density (ρ) and viscosity (μ) of these fluids. Knowledge of the effect of ρ, μ, and endotracheal tube (ETT) size on resistance is essential to optimize LV strategies. To evaluate these physical properties, three perfluorochemical (PFC) fluids with a range of kinematic viscosities (FC-75 = 0.82, LiquiVent™ = 1.10, APF-140 = 2.90) and four different neonatal ETT tubes (Mallincrokdt Hi-Lo Jet™ ID 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 mm) were studied. Under steady-state flow, flow and pressure drop across the ETTs were measured simultaneously. Resistance was calculated by dividing pressure drop by flow, and both pressure-flow and resistance-flow relationships were plotted. Also, pressure drop and resistance were each plotted as a function of kinematic viscosity at flows of 0.01 L · s−1 for all four ETT sizes. Data demonstrated a quadratic relationship with respect to pressure drop versus flow, and a linear relationship with resistance versus flow; both were significantly correlated (R = 0.92; P < 0.01) and were inversely related to ETT size. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between pressure drop or resistance and kinematic viscosity (R = 0.99; P < 0.01). For LV in neonates these data can be used to select the optimum ETT size and PFC liquid depending on the chosen ventilation strategy. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 1997; 23:449–456. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Anisotropy of lamellar block copolymer grains (2002)

The Wulff construction and the theory of Milner and Morse [Phys. Rev. E 54, 3793 (1996)] were used to calculate the shape of grains formed when a lamellar block copolymer phase is formed by a shallow quench into the ordered state. The calculations show that the grains are ellipsoids of revolution, with an aspect ratio rho=2.37. This value is in reasonable agreement with results of transmission electron microscopy and depolarized light scattering experiments, which indicate that the average value of rho of grains formed during the early stages of the disorder-to-order transition is about 2.0.
Biodegradable Mg for Bone Implants: Corrosion and Osteoblast Culture Studies (2008)

Corrosion and cell culture experiments were performed to evaluate magnesium (Mg) as a possible biodegradable implant material. The corrosion current and potential of a Mg disk were measured in different physiological solutions. The corrosion currents in cell culture media were found to be higher than in deionized water, which verifies that corrosion of Mg occurs faster in chloride solution. Weight loss, open-circuit potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were also performed. The Mg specimens were also characterized using an environmental scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX). The x-ray analysis showed that in the cell culture media a passive interfacial layer containing oxygen, chloride, phosphate, and potassium formed on the samples. U2OS cells were then co-cultured with a Mg specimen for up to one week. Based on visual observation, cell growth and function were not significantly altered by the presence of the corroding Mg sample. These initial results indicate that Mg may be suitable as a biodegradable implant material. Future work will develop small sensors to investigate interfacial biocompatibility of Mg implants.
Association of the Insulin Receptor with Phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ) in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Suggests a Role for PLCγ in Metabolic Signaling by Insulin (1998)

Phospholipase C-gamma (PLCgamma) is the isozyme of PLC phosphorylated by multiple tyrosine kinases including epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, nerve growth factor receptors, and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. In this paper, we present evidence for the association of the insulin receptor (IR) with PLCgamma. Precipitation of the IR with glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins derived from PLCgamma and coimmunoprecipitation of the IR and PLCgamma were observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To determine the functional significance of the interaction of PLCgamma and the IR, we used a specific inhibitor of PLC, U73122, or microinjection of SH2 domain glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins derived from PLCgamma to block insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. We demonstrate inhibition of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in isolated primary rat adipocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes pretreated with U73122. Antilipolytic effect of insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is unaffected by U73122. U73122 selectively inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase, leaving the Akt and p70 S6 kinase pathways unperturbed. We conclude that PLCgamma is an active participant in metabolic and perhaps mitogenic signaling by the insulin receptor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.