gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of active recombinant human napsin A (2000)

Recombinant human napsin A expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells was purified to homogeneity by a single-step procedure using part of napsin A propeptide as affinity ligand. N-Terminal amino-acid sequencing of the purified enzyme identified the mature form of napsin A. Treatment of purified napsin A with endoglycosidases F and H resulted in a decrease in its molecular mass from 39 kDa to approximately 37 kDa, confirming that napsin A is glycosylated. The kinetic properties were analyzed by using two fluorogenic synthetic substrates K(Dabsyl)-TSLLMAAPQ-Lucifer yellow (DS1) and K(Dabsyl)-TSVLMAAPQ-Lucifer yellow (DS3). The Km values obtained were 1.7 microM and 6.2 microM, respectively. A substrate-specificity study using a napsin A-targeted peptide library confirmed the preference of napsin A for hydrophobic residues at positions P1 and P1'. Adjacent positions, P2-P4 and P2'-P4', appeared less restricted in distribution of amino acids. A pH optimum between 4.0 and 5.5 at room temperature was determined. The purified enzyme was fully active for more than 10 h at pH 5.0 and 6.0, while a half-life of 4 h was determined at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C.
Improving Credit Card Fraud Detection with Calibrated Probabilities (2014)

Previous analysis has shown that applying Bayes minimum risk to detect credit card fraud leads to better results measured by monetary savings, as compared with traditional methodologies. Nevertheless, this approach requires good probability estimates that not only separate well between positive and negative examples, but also assess the real probability of the event. Unfortunately, not all classification algorithms satisfy this restriction. In this paper, two different methods for calibrating probabilities are evaluated and analyzed in the context of credit card fraud detection, with the objective of finding the model that minimizes the real losses due to fraud. Even though under-sampling is often used in the context of classification with unbalanced datasets, it is shown that when probabilistic models are used to make decisions based on minimizing risk, using the full dataset provides significantly better results. In order to test the algorithms, a real dataset provided by a large European card processing company is used. It is shown that by calibrating the probabilities and then using Bayes minimum Risk the losses due to fraud are reduced. Furthermore, because of the good overall results, the aforementioned card processing company is currently incorporating the methodology proposed in this paper into their fraud detection system. Finally, the methodology has been tested on a different application, namely, direct marketing.
Acute Treatment With XMetA Activates Hepatic Insulin Receptors and Lowers Blood Glucose in Normal Mice (2015)

It has been proposed that monoclonal antibodies may become therapeutics for metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. We have previously characterized an allosteric monoclonal antibody to the human insulin receptor (IR), XMetA, that activated metabolic signaling leading to enhanced glucose transport in cultured cells, and chronically reduced fasting blood glucose levels in mouse models of diabetes mellitus. Under acute dosing conditions, the large size of an IR-binding antibody like XMetA (∼ 150 kDa) could lead to a more rapid access into liver, an insulin sensitive tissue with well-fenestrated capillaries, when compared to other insulin sensitive tissues with non-fenestrated capillaries, such as muscle and adipose. Thus, in the present study we administered XMetA (10 mg/kg) and insulin (0.5 U/kg) via IV injection, and for 90 min compared their effects on blood glucose lowering and IR activation in three of the major insulin-sensitive tissues of the normal fasted mouse: liver, adipose, and muscle. Like insulin, XMetA lowered blood glucose levels, although the effect was less rapid. Insulin activated IR autophosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation in liver, fat, and muscle. In contrast, IR activation by XMetA was primarily observed in the liver. Both insulin and XMetA lowered β-hydroxybutyrate levels in plasma; however, only insulin reduced both non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glycerol concentrations. These data indicate that, in normal mice, acute glucose regulation by XMetA is largely mediated by its action on the liver.
Approaches to Artificial Macromolecular Oxygen Carriers (1979)

Abstract Construction of artificial oxygen carriers by use of iron or cobalt complexes bound to synthetic polymers was attempted. Radical copolymerization of porphyrin vinyl monomers with styrene gave the metalloporphyrins covalently bonded to a polymer chain at low concentration. For these metalloporphyrin polymers, irreversible oxidation via dimerization was prevented in aprotic solvents and reversible oxygenation was observed. The chemical environment around the oxygen-binding site was presumed to play an important role on the stability of oxygenated complex as in the case of the tetraamide groups on the porphyrin plane. When ethylenebis(salicylideniminato)cobalt chelate coordinated to a polymer-ligand, it formed a stable oxygenated complex at room temperature. Rotational motion of the chelate was decreased markedly by the polymer chain to enhance the coordinate bond between the metal ion and the bound oxygen molecule. Furthermore, the iron porphyrin with bulky substituents was oxygenated even in homogeneous aqueous solutions by combining it with the rigid, hydrophobic domain of a water-soluble block copolymer.
Saliency ratio and power factor of IPM motors optimally designed for high efficiency and low cost objectives (2014)

This study uses formal mathematical optimization techniques based on parametric computationally-efficient models and differential evolution algorithms. For constant-power applications, in the novel approach described, three concurrent objective functions are minimized: material cost, losses, in order to ensure high efficiency, and the difference between the rated and the characteristic current, aiming to achieve wide constant-power flux-weakening range. Only the first two objectives are considered for constant-torque applications. Two types of Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) rotors in a single and double-layer V-shaped configuration are considered, respectively. The stator has the typical two slots per pole and phase distributed-winding configuration. The results for the constant-torque design show that, in line with expectations, high efficiency and high power factor machines are more costly, and that the low cost machines have poorer efficiency and power factor and most importantly, and despite a common miss-conception, the saliency ratio can also be lower in this case. For constant-power designs, the saliency ratio can be beneficial. Nevertheless, despite a common misconception, when cost is considered alongside performance as an objective, a higher saliency ratio does not necessarily improve the power factors of motors suitable for ideal infinite flux-weakening.
System issues in parallel sorting for database systems (2002)

An external parallel merge-sort and sort-merge join on tightly coupled processors is considered. The issue of whether significant speedup can be achieved with good CPU efficiency is addressed. A pure sort query and a five-relation join query using a sort-merge-join algorithm are examined. It is found that the external sort is readily parallelizable. In the absence of skew, a speedup, linear in the number of tightly coupled processors can be obtained. However, it is shown that skew can reduce the speedup significantly. An examination is made of how important types of skew can be handled to yield close to linear speedup. The effect on the speedup and CPU efficiency of the database size, memory constraints, CPU MIPS, query selectivity, I/O striping and skew is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanically Triggered Carbon Monoxide Release with Turn-On Aggregation-Induced Emission (2021)

Polymers that release functional small molecules under mechanical stress potentially serve as next-generation materials for catalysis, sensing, and mechanochemical dynamic therapy. To further expand the function of mechanoresponsive materials, the discovery of chemistries capable of small molecule release are highly desirable. In this report, we detail a non-scissile bifunctional mechanophore (i.e., dual mechano-activated properties) based on a unique mechanochemical reaction involving norborn-2-en-7-one (NEO). One property is the release of carbon monoxide (CO) upon pulsed solution ultrasonication. A release efficiency of 58% is observed at high molecular weights (Mn = 158.8 kDa), equating to ~154 molecules of CO re-leased per chain. The second property is the bright cyan emission from the macromolecular product in its aggregated state, resulting in a turn-on fluorescence readout coincident with CO release. This report not only demonstrates a unique strategy for the release of small molecule in a non-scissile way, but also guides future design of force-responsive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens.
Incorporation of CpG Oligonucleotide Ligand into Protein-Loaded Particle Vaccines Promotes Antigen-Specific CD8 T-Cell Immunity (2006)

The development of multicomponent biotherapeutic carriers is an important challenge in the field of drug delivery, particularly in the area of protein-based vaccines. While the delivery of protein antigens to antigen presenting cells (APCs) is crucial for this type of vaccination, the incorporation of additional adjuvants may be just as important in order to generate more potent immune responses. This article presents the synthesis and biological evaluation of carrier particles that both deliver a protein payload to APCs and display receptor ligands for the enhancement of APC immunostimulation. Particles displaying CpG oligonucleotide ligands for Toll-like receptor 9 were synthesized. The addition of CpG DNA to the particles led to a 45-fold increase in the secretion of interleukin-12, a cytokine that aids in T-cell activation, and a significant increase in the expression of costimulatory molecules by APCs. Moreover, vaccination with particles containing both ovalbumin (OVA) and CpG DNA induced a superior OVA-specific CD8 T-cell response in vivo, as measured by increased OVA-specific CD8 T-cell proliferation, secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma, and the induction of OVA-specific cytotoxicity.
Fabrication of 0.4-N.A. fibers by the outside process (1986)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. E. BERKEY, "Fabrication of 0.4-N.A. fibers by the outside process," in Optical Fiber Communication, 1986 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1986), paper TuG3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Self-Assembled Lipidporphyrin Bilayer Vesicles. Microstructure and Dioxygen Binding in Aqueous Medium (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Assembled Lipidporphyrin Bilayer Vesicles. Microstructure and Dioxygen Binding in Aqueous MediumEishun Tsuchida, Teruyuki Komatsu, Kenji Arai, Kazuhiro Yamada, Hiroyuki Nishide, and Juergen-Hinrich FuhrhopCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 6, 1877–1884Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00006a011https://doi.org/10.1021/la00006a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient, high-brightness wavelength-beam-combined commercial off-the-shelf diode stacks achieved by use of a wavelength-chirped volume Bragg grating (2006)

We report a method of scaling the spatial brightness from commercial off-the-shelf diode laser stacks through wavelength beam combining, by use of a linearly wavelength-chirped volume Bragg grating (VBG). Using a three-bar commercial stack of broad-area lasers and a VBG, we demonstrate 89.5 W cw of beam-combined output with a beam-combining efficiency of 75%. The output beam has a propagation factor M2 approximately 26 on the slow axis and M2 approximately 21 on the fast axis. This corresponds to a brightness of approximately 20 MW/cm2 sr. To our knowledge, this is the highest brightness broad-area diode laser system. We achieve 81% coupling efficiency into a 100 microm, 0.22 N.A. fiber.
Mode selectivity study of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1998)

Mode selectivity of an air-post index-guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure operating at 1550 nm is investigated using a full-vector Maxwell-equation solver with a finite-difference time-domain method. The resonance wavelengths, quality factors, and spatial field distributions are calculated for the three lowest-order modes. Transverse-mode competition is quantitatively described as a function of the cavity size and the pillar etch depth.
Biomimetic Optical-Filter Detection System for Discrimination of Infrared Chemical Signatures (2016)

Optical-filter-based chemical sensors have the potential to dramatically alter the field of hazardous materials sensing. Such devices could be constructed using inexpensive components, in a small and lightweight package, for sensing hazardous chemicals in defense, industrial, and environmental applications. Filter-based sensors can be designed to mimic human color vision. Recent developments in this field have used this approach to discriminate between strongly overlapping chemical signatures in the mid-infrared. Reported work relied on using numerically filtered FTIR spectra to model the infrared biomimetic detection methodology. While these findings are encouraging, further advancement of this technique requires the collection and evaluation of directly filtered data, using an optical system without extensive numerical spectral analysis. The present work describes the design and testing of an infrared optical breadboard system that uses the biomimetic mammalian color-detection approach to chemical sensing. The set of chemicals tested includes one target chemical, fuel oil, along with two strongly overlapping interferents, acetone and hexane. The collected experimental results are compared with numerically filtered FTIR spectral data. The results show good agreement between the numerically filtered data model and the data collected using the optical breadboard system. It is shown that the optical breadboard system is operating as expected based on modeling and can be used for sensing and discriminating between chemicals with strongly overlapping absorption bands in the mid-infrared.
Printed Microinductors for Flexible Substrates (2005)

A method of fabricating planar, flexible microinductors that exhibit a relatively high quality factor (Q) between 1 and 10 MHz has been devised. These inductors are targeted for use in flexible, low-profile power-converter circuits. They could also be incorporated into electronic circuits integrated into flexible structures, including flexible antenna and solar-sail structures that are deployable.
Robustness of electrostatic MEMS actuators against electrical overstress (2009)

The response of electrostatic actuators to electrical overstress is studied in this paper. More specifically, the use of passive components (resistors and capacitors) to diminish the harmful effects of electrical overstress is demonstrated. The influence of these passives on the normal operation of the devices is also studied.
Chromophore decomposition in multispectral time-resolved diffuse optical tomography (2017)

Multicomponent phantom measurements are carried out to evaluate the ability of multispectral time domain diffuse optical tomography in reflectance geometry to quantify the position and the composition of small heterogeneities at depths of 1-1.5 cm in turbid media. Time-resolved data were analyzed with the Mellin-Laplace transform. Results show good localization and correct composition gradation of objects but still a lack of absolute material composition accuracy when no <i>a priori</i> geometry information is known.
Aldol condensation reactions of acetone and formaldehyde over vanadium phosphate catalysts: Comments on the acid–base properties (2002)

The acid–base properties of vanadium phosphate catalysts are investigated using the aldol condensation of acetone and the reactions of 2-methylbut-3-yn-2-ol (MBOH). Three well characterised samples of VOHPO4·0.5H2O were prepared using the reaction of V2O5 and H3PO4 with aqueous hydrochloric acid or isobutanol as reducing agents, or from the reaction of VOPO4.2H2O with isobutanol. (VO)2P2O7, prepared by heating VOHPO4·0.5H2O in He (8 h, 750 °C), before and following partial oxidation in air or butane/air, and αI-VOPO4 were also investigated. The reaction of MBOH was used to probe the nature of the acid–base properties of the vanadium phosphates. The V4+ phases (VOHPO4·0.5H2O and (VO)2P2O7) exhibited only acidic active sites, whereas the V5+ phases (αI-VOPO4 and oxidised (VO)2P2O7) exhibited some basic sites in addition to the acid sites. For the aldol condensation reactions of acetone, the V4+ phases were found to be selective for the formation of isophorone from acetone alone and methyl vinyl ketone from the reaction of acetone and formaldehyde. In contrast, vanadium phosphate catalysts containing V5+ phases are not selective to these products and only form hydrocarbons (typically isobutane and isobutene). For all these reactions, the catalyst activity is short lived and the deactivation that is observed is due to the surface becoming fouled by the adsorption of products of polymerisation of the reaction products. However, the catalyst reactivity can be restored by a simple oxidation treatment. The nature of active sites in n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride is also discussed and it is concluded that basic sites are required in addition to acidic surface sites for the selective formation of maleic anhydride. For the reaction of MBOH, the data are found to give a linear relationship for a Cremer–Constable plot and this is discussed in terms of the enthalpy of adsorption of MBOH.
Synthesis of functionalized 3‐pyridyl methyl ketones (1998)

Abstract A synthesis of 3‐pyridyl methyl ketones is described that employs a palladium‐catalyzed olefination of 3‐bromopyridines with butyl vinyl ether followed by acid hydrolysis of the intermediate pyridyl vinyl ether in situ . This method has been applied to bromoquinoline substrates as well. The reaction is compatible with a variety of functional groups.
The Dissenters: Volume III: The Crisis and Conscience of Nonconformity (2015)

This third and final volume of the study of dissent examines the turbulent times of Victorian Nonconformity, a period of faith and of doubt. The book assesses the impacts of the major Dissenting preachers and provides insights into the various movements, such as romanticism and the higher, often German, biblical criticism. It shows that the preaching of hell and eternal damnation was more effective in recruiting to the chapels than the gentler interpretations
Small Molecule Release and Activation through DNA Computing (2017)

DNA-based logic gates can be assembled into computational devices that generate a specific output signal in response to oligonucleotide input patterns. The ability to interface with biological and chemical environments makes DNA computation a promising technology for monitoring cellular systems. However, DNA logic gate circuits typically provide a single-stranded oligonucleotide output, limiting the ability to effect biology. Here, we introduce a novel DNA logic gate design capable of yielding a small molecule output signal. Employing a Staudinger reduction as a trigger for the release and activation of a small molecule fluorophore, we constructed AND and OR logic gates that respond to synthetic microRNA (miRNA) inputs. Connecting the gates in series led to more complex DNA circuits that provided a small molecule output in response to a specific pattern of three different miRNAs. Moreover, our gate design can be readily multiplexed as demonstrated by simultaneous small molecule activation from two independent DNA circuits.
Human disease genes website series: An international, open and dynamic library for up‐to‐date clinical information (2021)

Since the introduction of next-generation sequencing, an increasing number of disorders have been discovered to have genetic etiology. To address diverse clinical questions and coordinate research activities that arise with the identification of these rare disorders, we developed the Human Disease Genes website series (HDG website series): an international digital library that records detailed information on the clinical phenotype of novel genetic variants in the human genome (https://humandiseasegenes.info/). Each gene website is moderated by a dedicated team of clinicians and researchers, focused on specific genes, and provides up-to-date-including unpublished-clinical information. The HDG website series is expanding rapidly with 424 genes currently adopted by 325 moderators from across the globe. On average, a gene website has detailed phenotypic information of 14.4 patients. There are multiple examples of added value, one being the ARID1B gene website, which was recently utilized in research to collect clinical information of 81 new patients. Additionally, several gene websites have more data available than currently published in the literature. In conclusion, the HDG website series provides an easily accessible, open and up-to-date clinical data resource for patients with pathogenic variants of individual genes. This is a valuable resource not only for clinicians dealing with rare genetic disorders such as developmental delay and autism, but other professionals working in diagnostics and basic research. Since the HDG website series is a dynamic platform, its data also include the phenotype of yet unpublished patients curated by professionals providing higher quality clinical detail to improve management of these rare disorders.
Polymer‐based monolithic microcolumns for hydrophobic interaction chromatography of proteins (2005)

Monolithic capillary columns for hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) have been prepared by thermally initiated, single-step in situ polymerization of mixtures of monovinyl monomers including butyl methacrylate and/or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, with a divinyl crosslinker glycerol dimethacrylate or 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate using two different porogen systems. Two porogenic solvent mixtures were used; one "hydrophilic", consisting of water, butanediol, and propanol, and one "hydrophobic," comprising dodecanol and cyclohexanol. The porous structures of the monoliths were characterized and their performance was demonstrated with a separation of a mixture of myoglobin, ribonuclease A, and lysozyme under conditions typical of HIC.