gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New thermogelling copolymers composed of heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, poly(propylene glycol), and poly(ethylene glycol) (2009)

A series of new thermosensitive polyurethane copolymers composed of heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD), poly(propylene glycol) (PPG), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blocks using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) as a coupling agent were synthesized. Their chemical structures and molecular characteristics were studied using GPC analysis and 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral analysis. We found that the copolymers had high molecular weight and the DM-β-CD, PPG, and PEG blocks were bonded by a hexamethylene dicarbamyl (HMDC) junction. DSC analysis showed that the molar motion of the PPG and PEG segments was restricted in the copolymers. Moreover, the copolymers are amphiphilic and they have very low critical micelle concentration (CMC) values ranging from 2.63–8.51 g L−1. Upon increasing temperature, the aqueous solutions of the copolymers were found to undergo a reversible clear sol–gel–turbid sol transition. The results from phase diagrams showed that the copolymers had very low critical gelation concentration (CGC) values ranging within 3–6 wt%. The copolymers synthesized in the study are easily soluble in water at room temperature, thus hydrophobic pharmaceutical agents could be entrapped into the hydrophobic cavity of CDs or loaded in the core of micelles. Then, these pharmaceutical agents are encapsulated into the gel when the copolymer forms a gel depot at around body temperature. Hence, these copolymers have potential to be used as injectable drug delivery systems.
Detection of potential ion suppression for peptide analysis in nanoflow liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2007)

A detection technique for ion suppression in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was developed by adding a probe to an LC mobile phase at a certain concentration. The probe is so hydrophilic that it is not adsorbed in a reversed-phase nanoflow LC column, and, furthermore, has an isoelectric point of about 3, which is lower than that for most peptides and is close to the pH of the mobile phase. The intensity of the protonated probe molecule decreases much more than that of other peptides when ion suppression occurs. Thus, the occurrence of the ion suppression is detected by a decrease in the mass chromatogram for the protonated probe molecule, and the decrease ratio is higher than that for other ions.
A simple preservative for flow cytometric DNA analysis (1989)

A solution containing citric acid buffered saline (CABS) and 99% ethanol (E) 1:1 was used for preserving cells for flow cytometric DNA analysis. DNA histograms obtained from fine needle biopsy aspirates and preserved in CABS+E had a similar mean coefficient of variation (CV) as was obtained from aspirates taken in CABS (3.3 vs. 3.4%) and a clearly smaller mean CV than was obtained from aspirates preserved in 50% ethanol (mean 4.8%, P less than .0001). Aspirates taken in CABS more often contained a small (less than 3,000) number of cells as compared with aspirates preserved either in CABS+E or ethanol (P less than .0001). Since preservation of cells in CABS+E allows long-term storage of samples and results in a decreased number of insufficient samples as compared with buffered saline and in an enhanced resolution as compared with 50% ethanol, CABS+E is recommended for preservation of cytological samples to be analyzed for DNA content with flow cytometry.
Towards Breaking the Curse of Dimensionality for High-Dimensional Privacy: An Extended Version (2014)

The curse of dimensionality has remained a challenge for a wide variety of algorithms in data mining, clustering, classification and privacy. Recently, it was shown that an increasing dimensionality makes the data resistant to effective privacy. The theoretical results seem to suggest that the dimensionality curse is a fundamental barrier to privacy preservation. However, in practice, we show that some of the common properties of real data can be leveraged in order to greatly ameliorate the negative effects of the curse of dimensionality. In real data sets, many dimensions contain high levels of inter-attribute correlations. Such correlations enable the use of a process known as vertical fragmentation in order to decompose the data into vertical subsets of smaller dimensionality. An information-theoretic criterion of mutual information is used in the vertical decomposition process. This allows the use of an anonymization process, which is based on combining results from multiple independent fragments. We present a general approach which can be applied to the k-anonymity, l-diversity, and t-closeness models. In the presence of inter-attribute correlations, such an approach continues to be much more robust in higher dimensionality, without losing accuracy. We present experimental results illustrating the effectiveness of the approach. This approach is resilient enough to prevent identity, attribute, and membership disclosure attack.
Development of photonic crystal based biosensors for applications to point-of-care diagnostics (2019)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate Nanocarriers in Biomedical Applications: Functionalization and Construction (2015)

Abstract Review: 168 refs.
Release Kinetics and In Vitro Characterization of Sodium Percarbonate and Calcium Peroxide to Oxygenate Bioprinted Tissue Models (2022)

Oxygen-generating materials have been used in several tissue engineering applications; however, their application as in situ oxygen supply within bioprinted constructs has not been deeply studied. In this study, two oxygen-generating materials, sodium percarbonate (SPO) and calcium peroxide (CPO), were studied for their oxygen release kinetics under a 0.1% O<sub>2</sub> condition. In addition, a novel cell-culture-insert setup was used to evaluate the effects of SPO and CPO on the viability of skeletal muscle cells under the same hypoxic condition. Results showed that SPO had a burst oxygen release, while CPO had a more stable oxygen release than SPO. Both SPO and CPO reduced cell viability when used alone. The addition of catalase in SPO and CPO increased the oxygen release rate, as well as improving the viability of skeletal muscle cells; however, CPO still showed cytotoxicity with catalase. Additionally, the utilization of 1 mg/mL SPO and 20 U catalase in a hydrogel for bioprinting significantly enhanced the cell viability under the hypoxic condition. Moreover, bioprinted muscle constructs could further differentiate into elongated myotubes when transferring back to the normoxic condition. This work provides an excellent in vitro model to test oxygen-generating materials and further discover their applications in bioprinting, where they represent promising avenues to overcome the challenge of oxygen shortage in bioprinted constructs before their complete vascularization.
Exploring the Biomechanical Properties of Brain Malignancies and Their Pathologic Determinants In Vivo with Magnetic Resonance Elastography (2015)

Malignant tumors are typically associated with altered rigidity relative to normal host tissue. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) enables the noninvasive quantitation of the mechanical properties of deep-seated tissue following application of an external vibrational mechanical stress to that tissue. In this preclinical study, we used MRE to quantify (kPa) the elasticity modulus Gd and viscosity modulus Gl of three intracranially implanted glioma and breast metastatic tumor models. In all these brain tumors, we found a notable softness characterized by lower elasticity and viscosity than normal brain parenchyma, enabling their detection on Gd and Gl parametric maps. The most circumscribed tumor (U-87 MG glioma) was the stiffest, whereas the most infiltrative tumor (MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast carcinoma) was the softest. Tumor cell density and microvessel density correlated significantly and positively with elasticity and viscosity, whereas there was no association with the extent of collagen deposition or myelin fiber entrapment. In conclusion, although malignant tumors tend to exhibit increased rigidity, intracranial tumors presented as remarkably softer than normal brain parenchyma. Our findings reinforce the case for MRE use in diagnosing and staging brain malignancies, based on the association of different tumor phenotypes with different mechanical properties.
The effect of variation of reverberation parameters in contralateral versus ipsilateral ear signals on perceived externalization of a lateral sound source in a listening room (2018)

It is well known that reverberation plays an important role in perceived externalization of three-dimensional audio over headphones. In the case of the externalization of a frontal sound source, the reverberation heard by both ears is equally important. Relatively little is known about the relative influence of reverberation at the contralateral versus the ipsilateral ear on perceived externalization of a lateral sound source. For a lateral sound source, the direct sound energy is much higher at the ipsilateral ear than at the contralateral ear due to the shadowing effect, which dominates at mid to high frequencies. The reverberant energy does not have a major difference between two ears. Therefore, the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio is much lower for the contralateral ear than for the ipsilateral ear. In addition, the frequency-to-frequency variability, which describes the frequency variability in the magnitude spectrum, is more pronounced in the contralateral ear than in the ipsilateral ear. The results of two listening experiments and the analysis of short-term binaural cues suggested that the reverberation at the contralateral ear has more influence on perceived externalization of a lateral sound source than that at the ipsilateral ear.
Inhibition of aromatase cytochrome P-450 by 10-oxirane and 10-thiirane substituted androgens. Implications for the structure of the active site. (1987)

The mechanism of inhibition of estrogen synthetase (P-450arom) by 19R- and 19S-isomers of 10-oxiranyl-and 10-thiiranyl-4-estrene-3,17-dione was investigated using human placental microsomes and purified enzyme preparations. The 19R-isomers were potent inhibitors and exhibited affinities 36-fold (10-oxirane) and 80-fold (10-thiirane) greater than the respective 19S-isomers. Kinetic experiments showed that inhibition by the 19R-isomers is competitive with respect to substrate; inhibition constants for the (19R)-10-oxirane (Ki = 10 nM) and the 19R-10-thiirane (Ki = 2 nM) indicate that each binds with greater affinity than the androgen substrates androstenedione and testosterone. Inhibition time courses and kinetic data were consistent with high affinity, reversible binding. Spectral titrations of microsomal preparations and purified P-450arom showed that binding of the 19R-isomers shifts the Soret maximum of the ferric enzyme to 411 nm (10-oxirane) or 425 nm (10-thiirane); addition of excess androstenedione reversed the spectral changes, producing the high spin form of the enzyme with a Soret peak at 393 nm. These spectral shifts suggest that the oxygen atom of the 10-oxirane and the sulfur atom of the 10-thiirane are bound to the heme iron in the inhibitor complexes. These results suggest that the high affinities of the inhibitors arise from their dual interaction with the androgen binding site and with the heme. Coordination of the C19 heteroatom to the heme indicates that C19 of androgen substrates may be positioned sufficiently close to the heme to allow direct attack by an iron-bound oxidant. Stereoselective binding of the 19R-isomers by P-450arom further suggests that the heme is likely to be positioned above C1 and C2 of the A ring.
Trade-off between local transmission and long-range dispersal drives infectious disease outbreak size in spatially structured populations (2020)

Transmission of infectious diseases between immobile hosts (e.g., plants, farms) is strongly dependent on the spatial distribution of hosts and the distance-dependent probability of transmission. As the interplay between these factors is poorly understood, we use spatial process and transmission modelling to investigate how epidemic size is shaped by host clustering and spatial range of transmission. We find that for a given degree of clustering and individual-level infectivity, the probability that an epidemic occurs after an introduction is generally higher if transmission is predominantly local. However, local transmission also impedes transfer of the infection to new clusters. A consequence is that the total number of infections is maximal if the range of transmission is intermediate. In highly clustered populations, the infection dynamics is strongly determined by the probability of transmission between clusters of hosts, whereby local clusters act as multiplier of infection. We show that in such populations, a metapopulation model sometimes provides a good approximation of the total epidemic size, using probabilities of local extinction, the final size of infections in local clusters, and probabilities of cluster-to-cluster transmission. As a real-world example we analyse the case of avian influenza transmission between poultry farms in the Netherlands.
LONG-TERM, IN VITRO RELIABILITY TESTING FOR LVADS INTENDED FOR DESTINATION THERAPY (2004)

PURPOSE A crucial characteristic of LVADs intended for heart failure destination therapy is long-term device reliability. Accordingly, reliability was the primary impetus for the basic features of the Thoratec HeartMate® 111, including its magnetically-levitated rotor to obviate mechanical bearings, implanted control electronics to reduce electrical wire count, and single-fault tolerant architecture to maintain operation even in the event of component failure. METHODS Five prototype LVADs were placed in test loops topologically similar to the cardiovascular system, including a pulsatile pump to simulate native ventricular contractility. The pumps were immersed in 37C saline, which also serves in this ongoing test as the circulating fluid. The flow conditions are changed according to a regular, periodic schedule among 3 cases: high flow (1OLpm, 11OmmHg), 'design point' (7Lpm, 140mmHg), and low flow (7Lpm, 70mmHg). This time-terminated study will be evaluated at 5 years, seeking to establish 80% reliability with 60% confidence, with the provision that units will be subsequently run to failure. RESULTS: All 5 test units continue to operate 24 months after the protocol started, without incident and with no apparent change in power consumption or pressure-flow characteristic. OUTLOOK To prove clinical readiness, a second in vitro test of 10 LVADs, similar in construction but built to official assembly, process, and inspection procedures, will imminently begin to lend statistical power to the reliability assessment.
Using Layered-Division-Multiplexing to Achieve Enhanced Spectral Efficiency in 5G-MBMS (2019)

3GPP is pursuing a multimedia broadcast multicast service subsystem in 5G (5G-MBMS) based on the latest LTE further evolved MBMS (feMBMS) system in Rel. 14. In this paper, Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) is proposed as a new addition to the 5G technology toolbox for achieving significantly enhanced spectral efficiency for the 5G-MBMS to efficiently deliver mixed broadcast and unicast services. A capacity analysis is first conducted to derive the capabilities of an LDM-based 5G-MBMS system to deliver broadcast and unicast services in the different signal layers, under the conditions with severe co-channel interference (CCI). It is shown that using LDM can provide a nearly full-capacity unicast network on top of high-quality broadcast network. The broadcast capacity is mainly determined by the power allocations between the two signal layers. The unicast capacity can be maximized by deliberately operating the system in a CCI-limited mode. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the capacity gain that can be achieved by incorporating LDM in the 5G-MBMS system. This study shows that LDM is one of the enabling technologies to close the gap between the LTE feMBMS capability and the 5G-MBMS requirements.
High-Temperature Superconducting Undulators for Future X-ray Free Electron Laser Systems (2014)

A free electron laser (FEL) can be used to produce high intensity X-rays, or other monochromatic radiation for a number of purposes. Two primary components, in terms of size and expense, of an FEL system are an electron accelerator and undulator. Reducing undulator period without reducing its magnetic field would allow a reduction in the electron beam energy and potentially reduce the total cost and complexity of FELs. In this paper, finite-element modeling and experimental approaches were used to investigate the feasibility of using high-temperature superconducting (HTS) conductor to create tunable, liquid nitrogen cooled undulators with shorter periodicity. A prototype undulator with three periods was fabricated and tested. Hiperco 50 A structures with machined grooves were used as the magnetic cores. Commercial YBCO tapes were used to wind the magnetizing coils in the grooves of the magnetic core. The undulator was tested and measured in subcooled liquid nitrogen at 65 K. Peak magnetic fields of 0.77 T with a periodicity of 14 mm were attained. Our simulations indicate that by using optimally processed magnetic core and HTS wires, fields of 1 T or higher can be achieved.
Combination of Irreversible Electroporation and STING Agonist for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy (2020)

Recently, cancer immunotherapy has received attention as a viable solution for the treatment of refractory tumors. However, it still has clinical limitations in its treatment efficacy due to inter-patient tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we demonstrated the triggering of anti-cancer immune responses by a combination of irreversible electroporation (IRE) and a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist. Optimal electrical conditions inducing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by immunogenic cell death (ICD) were determined through in vitro 2D and 3D cell experiments. In the in vivo syngeneic lung cancer model, the combination of IRE and STING agonists demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition. We believe that the combination strategy of IRE and STING agonists has potential for effective cancer immunotherapy.
Temporal patterns of covalent DNA adducts in rat liver after single and multiple doses of aflatoxin B1. (1981)

We examined patterns of covalent modifications of DNA produced in rat liver after exposure to single and multiple doses of aflatoxin B1. The principal product, previously identified as 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy(N7-guanyl) aflatoxin B1, was removed rapidly from liver DNA in vivo after a 0.6-mg/kg dose was administered i.p. to male Fischer rats. This lesion had an apparent half-life of 7.5 hr. Similar kinetics of disappearance was seen for two other aflatoxin adducts, one of which was previously identified as an N7-guanine adduct of aflatoxin P1. The kinetics of formation and disappearance differed for two other products believed to be produced by scission of the imidazole ring of the 7-substituted guanine moiety of the principal adduct in the DNA molecule. These adducts were removed slowly, if at all, during the 72-hr period studied. Approximately 20% of the principal N7 adduct initially formed was converted to these products in 24 hr, at which time they were the predominant lesions in DNA. Administration of multiple doses of aflatoxin B1, using a regimen shown to produce a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, caused accumulation of these persistent products in liver DNA over a 14-day period.
Monoclonal Antibodies that Recognize Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Neutralize Its Bioactivity In Vitro (1990)

We have produced monoclonal antibodies to bacterially synthesized, human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and have studied in detail the characteristics of three strongly neutralizing antibodies. The antibodies reacted with GM-CSF at high dilution (EC50 = 0.1-1.7 nM) in an indirect ELISA but did not react with murine GM-CSF or other cytokines. They also recognized glycosylated hGM-CSF produced by human lymphocytes. The antibodies were able to immunoprecipitate rhGM-CSF, but only reacted weakly with rhGM-CSF on Western blots, indicating that they recognized a conformation-dependent epitope. Cross-blocking studies showed that the three antibodies recognized overlapping epitopes. The antibodies inhibited binding of 125I-labeled rhGM-CSF to HL-60 cells at nanomolar concentrations and neutralized GM-CSF activity in two different bioassays. These antibodies thus provide a useful tool for analyzing the specificity of bioassays and for further studies of the production and function of GM-CSF in vitro and in vivo.
Récepteurs de Wiener à rang réduit en CDMA : algorithmes et performances (2005)

Dans cette thèse, les récepteurs de Wiener optimaux et sous-optimaux à rang réduit pour le CDMA sont étudiés. La thèse est divisée en deux parties. Dans la première partie, les récepteurs sous-optimaux consistant en un égaliseur de Wiener à rang réduit au rythme chip suivi de désétalement sont étudiés. Un égaliseur à rang réduit est un égaliseur pour lequel quelques coefficients seulement sont optimisés. Le rang du filtre est le nombre de coefficient optimisés. On propose ensuite une deuxième technique qui consiste en une étape d élimination d'interférences précédée d'un égaliseur MMSE. Cette technique est adaptée au cas où les utilisateurs ont des facteurs d'étalement différents. Dans la deuxième partie, la performance asymptotique de quelques récepteurs linéaires est évaluée. Pour étudier la performance asymptotique, on suppose que les codes d étalement sont aléatoires suivant une certaine distribution. Le rapport Signal à Interference plus Bruit (SINR) à la sortie du récepteur peut ainsi être interprété comme une variable aléatoire. Il est possible de démontrer que ces variables aléatoires tendent vers des valeurs déterministes finies quand le facteur d étalement et le nombre d utilisateurs tendent vers l infini de telle façon que leur rapport reste fini. Ces limites peuvent être utilisées pour comprendre les facteurs qui contrôlent la performance tels que le canal de propagation, le bruit et le facteur de charge. On présente les résultats précédents relatifs aux récepteurs de Wiener optimaux à rang réduit. Ces résultats sont après étendus au récepteurs de Wiener sous-optimaux à rang réduit. On démontre que la convergence du SINR d un récepteur de Wiener à rang réduit vers celui du récepteur à rang plein est très rapide. Dans le dernier chapitre, on étudie la performance asymptotique de la diversité à la transmission combinée avec un récepteur RAKE où un égaliseur MMSE.