gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lead-lag Relationships in Foreign Exchange Markets (2019)

Lead-lag relationships among assets represent a useful tool for analyzing high frequency financial data. However, research on these relationships predominantly focuses on correlation analyses for the dynamics of stock prices, spots and futures on market indexes, whereas foreign exchange data have been less explored. To provide a valuable insight on the nature of the lead-lag relationships in foreign exchange markets here we perform a detailed study for the one-minute log returns on exchange rates through three different approaches: i) lagged correlations, ii) lagged partial correlations and iii) Granger causality. In all studies, we find that even though for most pairs of exchange rates lagged effects are absent, there are many pairs which pass statistical significance tests. Out of the statistically significant relationships, we construct directed networks and investigate the influence of individual exchange rates through the PageRank algorithm. The algorithm, in general, ranks stock market indexes quoted in their respective currencies, as most influential. In contrast to the claims of the efficient market hypothesis, these findings suggest that all market information does not spread instantaneously.
Individualized lung recruitment maneuver guided by pulse‐oximetry in anesthetized patients undergoing laparoscopy: a feasibility study (2018)

The non-invasive SpO<sub>2</sub> monitoring can help to individualize an open-lung approach, including all involved steps, from the identification of those patients who can benefit from recruitment, the identification of opening and closing pressures to the subsequent monitoring of an open-lung condition.
Locations of the Regulatory Sites for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Kinase/Phosphatase (2000)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)(1) of Escherichia coli is regulated by a bifunctional protein, IDH kinase/phosphatase. In this paper, we demonstrate that the effectors controlling these activities belong to two distinct classes that differ in mechanism and in the locations of their binding sites. NADPH and isocitrate are representative members of one of these effector classes. NADPH inhibits both IDH kinase and IDH phosphatase, whereas isocitrate inhibits only IDH kinase. Isocitrate can "activate" IDH phosphatase by reversing product inhibition by dephospho-IDH. Mutations in icd, which encodes IDH, had parallel effects on the binding of these ligands to the IDH active site and on their effects on IDH kinase and phosphatase, indicating that these ligands regulate IDH kinase/phosphatase through the IDH active site. Kinetic analyses suggested that isocitrate and NADPH prevent formation of the complex between IDH kinase/phosphatase and its protein substrate. AMP, 3-phosphoglycerate, and pyruvate represent a class of regulatory ligands that is distinct from that which includes isocitrate and NADPH. These ligands bind directly to IDH kinase/phosphatase, a conclusion which is supported by the observation that they inhibit the IDH-independent ATPase activity of this enzyme. These effector classes can also be distinguished by the observation that mutant derivatives of IDH kinase/phosphatase expressed from aceK3 and aceK4 exhibited dramatic changes in their responses to AMP, 3-phosphoglycerate, and pyruvate but not to NADPH and isocitrate.
Non-fading Plasmonic Color Printing on Semicontinuous Metal Films with Protective Atomic Layer Deposition (2020)

A non-fading and environment-friendly technique of generation of bright vivid colors is achieved through femtosecond laser modification of semicontinuous Ag films, which thermally induces changes in the nanostructures resulting in the variation of optical spectra.
Optimierung der Enzymimmobilisierung auf magnetischen Partikeln durch ATR‐FTIR‐Analyse (2012)

Biotransformation gesteigert werden.
A Metallo-Thermo-Mechanically Coupled Analysis of Orthogonal Cutting of AISI 1045 Steel (2012)

Materials often behave in a complicated manner involving deeply coupled effects among stress/stain, temperature and microstructure during a machining process. This paper is concerned with prediction of the phase change effect on orthogonal cutting of AISI 1045 steel based on a true metallo-thermo-mechanical coupled analysis. A metallo-thermo-mechanical coupled material model is developed, and a finite element model is used to solve the evolution of phase constituents, cutting temperature, chip morphology, and cutting force simultaneously using ABAQUS. The model validity is assessed using the experimental data for orthogonal cutting of AISI 1045 steel under various conditions, with cutting speeds ranging from 198 to 879 m/min, feeds from 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and tool rake angles from −7° to 5°. A good agreement is achieved in chip formation, cutting force and cutting temperature between the model predictions and the experimental data.
SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC Subfamily of SNXs in the Regulation of Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Membrane Trafficking (2021)

The SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily of sorting nexins (SNXs) belongs to the superfamily of SNX proteins. SNXs are characterized by the presence of a common phox-homology (PX) domain, along with other functional domains that play versatile roles in cellular signaling and membrane trafficking. In addition to the PX domain, the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily, except for SNX19, contains a unique RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) domain that serves as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which accelerates GTP hydrolysis on the G protein α subunit, resulting in termination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Moreover, the PX domain selectively interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and other phosphoinositides found in endosomal membranes, while also associating with various intracellular proteins. Although SNX19 lacks an RGS domain, all members of the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily serve as dual regulators of receptor cargo signaling and endosomal trafficking. This review discusses the known and proposed functions of the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily and how it participates in receptor signaling (both GPCR and non-GPCR) and endosomal-based membrane trafficking. Furthermore, we discuss the difference of this subfamily of SNXs from other subfamilies, such as SNX-BAR nexins (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) that are associated with retromer or other retrieval complexes for the regulation of receptor signaling and membrane trafficking. Emerging evidence has shown that the dysregulation and malfunction of this subfamily of sorting nexins lead to various pathophysiological processes and disorders, including hypertension.
A1052. IN VIVO ASSESSMENT OF HIP KINEMATICS IN THA PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS BEARING SURFACES: A MULTI-CENTER STUDY (2011)

In vivo kinematic analyses of total hip arthroplasty (THA) have determined femoral head separation from the medial aspect of the acetabular component can occur. Various bearing materials are currently used in THA today. The objective of this study was to determine if differences in the incidence and magnitude of femoral head separation exist among various bearing surfaces for THA during different weight-bearing activities. 205 clinically successful subjects implanted with either metal-on-metal (MOM), metalon-polyethylene (MOP), ceramic-on-ceramic (COC) or ceramic-on-polyethylene (COP) materials were analyzed using video-fluoroscopy. Each patient performed either gait on a treadmill or an abduction-adduction activity. The fluoroscopic information was then analyzed using a computer aided 3D model fitting technique to determine the incidence and magnitude of hip separation. Additional variables analyzed included femoral head diameter, follow-up duration, and type of surgical approach utilized. Less separation was noted with increasing femoral head diameter during abductionadduction. Increased separation was observed during gait as follow-up duration increased. Hip separation was greater during gait when a posterolateral surgical approach was used but was greater in abduction-adduction if a antero-lateral approach was selected. The incidence and magnitude of hip separation during gait was least in subjects with COC THA and least with COC and MOM THA when analyzed during abduction-adduction. It’s been proposed that THA patients are subject to femoral head separation due to alterations in the soft tissue supporting structures during THA that affect constraint of the joint. The current analysis demonstrates lower magnitudes and incidence of THA separation occur when hard-on-hard bearing surfaces are selected and can vary based on femoral head diameter, follow-up duration, and surgical approach used. Potential detrimental effects resulting from THA separation include premature polyethylene wear, component loosening (secondary to impulse loading conditions) and hip instability.
Monitoring of DNA breakage in embryonic stages of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) after exposure to lead nitrate using alkaline comet assay (2008)

Increasing lead contamination in Egyptian ecosystems and high lead concentrations in food items have raised concern for human health and stimulated studies on monitoring ecotoxicological impact of lead-caused genotoxicity. In this work, the alkaline comet assay was modified for monitoring DNA strand breakage in sensitive early life stages of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Following exposure to 100, 300, and 500 microg/L lead nitrate, DNA strand breakage was quantified in embryos at 30, 48, 96, 144, and 168 h post-fertilization (PFS). For quantitative analysis, four commonly used parameters (tail % DNA, %TDNA; head % DNA, %HDNA; tail length, TL; tail moment, TM) were analyzed in 96 nuclei (in triplicates) at each sampling point. The parameter %TDNA revealed highest resolution and lowest variation. A strong correlation between lead concentration, time of exposure, and DNA strand breakage was observed. Here, genotoxicity detected by comet assay preceded the manifested malformations assessed with conventional histology. Qualitative evaluation was carried out using five categories are as follows: undamaged (%TDNA < or = 10%), low damaged (10% < %TDNA < or = 25%), median damaged (25 < %TDNA < or = 50%), highly damaged (50 < %TDNA < or = 75%), and extremely damaged (%TDNA > 75%) nuclei confirming a dose and time-dependent shift towards increased frequencies of highly and extremely damaged nuclei. A protective capacity provided by a hardened chorion is a an interesting finding in this study as DNA damage in the prehatching stages 30 h-PFS and 48 h-PFS was low in all treatments (qualitative and quantitative analyses). These results clearly show that the comet assay is a sensitive tool for the detection of genotoxicity in vulnerable early life stages of the African catfish and is a method more sensitive than histological parameters for monitoring genotoxic effects.
Filters and Delays (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic filters Equalizers Time-varying filters Basic delay structures Delay-based audio effects Conclusion Sound and music References
<title>Portable Conformable Mask-A Hybrid Near-Ultraviolet And Deep-Ultraviolet Patterning Technique</title> (1979)

Deep-UV conformable printing offers the capability of delineating submicrometer features with high aspect ratios. The profile of the resist image can easily be manipulated from overcut to vertical and undercut. However, making intimate contact between the mask and the wafer potentially induces defects. On the other hand, near-UV optical projection printing can be defect-free but cannot achieve a high aspect ratio in the photoresist image. In this paper a double layer resist system is used to combine the advantages of the two printing methods while eliminating the shortcomings. A thin AZ layer is spun on a thick PMMA layer. The AZ1350J layer is conventionally deliniated with a near-UV mask aligner. Because AZ1350J is opaque to deep-UV radiation, it acts as a built in conformable mask which can be carried with the wafer to a deep-UV blanket-exposure station to delineate the PMMA layer.
Inducing Efficient Cross-priming Using Antigen-coated Yeast Particles (2008)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulates dendritic cells (DCs) and represents a promising candidate for cancer vaccine development. Effective cross-presentation of antigen delivered to DCs is necessary for successful induction of cellular immunity. Here, we present a yeast-based vaccine approach that is independent of yeast's ability to express the chosen antigen, which is instead produced separately and conjugated to the yeast cell wall. The conjugation method is site-specific (based on the SNAP-tag) and designed to facilitate antigen release in the DC phagosome and subsequent translocation for cross-presentation. We demonstrate that nonsite-specific chemical conjugation of the same protein hinders cross-presentation. Phagosomal antigen release was further expedited through the insertion of the invariant chain ectodomain as a linker, which is rapidly cleaved by Cathepsin S. The dose of delivered antigen was increased in several ways: by using yeast strains with higher surface amine densities, by using yeast hulls (cell wall fragments) instead of whole cells, and by conjugating multiple layers of antigen. The novel multilayer conjugation scheme takes advantage of Sfp phosphopantetheinyl transferase and remains site-specific; it enables the antigen dose to grow linearly with the number of layers. We show that whole yeast cells coated with 1 layer of the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 and yeast hulls bearing 3 layers were able to cross-prime naive CD8 T cells in vitro, with the latter resulting in higher frequencies of antigen-specific cells after 10 days. This cross-presentation-efficient antigen conjugation scheme is not limited to yeast and can readily be applied toward the development of other particulate vaccines.
A Backgournd Calibration Technique For I/Q Phase Mismatch In MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope (2019)

This paper presents a simple background calibration technique for I/Q phase mismatch in MEMS vibratory gyroscope in order to improve Bias Instability (BI) without degrading Angle Random Walk (ARW). The calibration circuit uses the input rate signal to estimate I/Q phase mismatch. A proof-of-principle prototype with MEMS gyroscope sensing element has been designed and implemented in Xilinx FPGA. The gyroscope achieves ARW of 0.15 dph/√h and BI of 0.66 dph and the phase mismatch can be calibrated within +/-0.1 degree.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry of Paclitaxel and Related Taxanes (1994)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been demonstrated for the analysis of Taxus brevifolia extracts. The detection limit for the taxanes contained therein is estimated at 1 pmol using the matrix 4-nitroaniline at a matrix-to-analyte molar ratio of 100:1. Acquisition and calibration of the mass spectral data requires less than 5 min. The [M+H]+, [M+Na]+, and [M+K]+ ions provide mol wt confirmation and structurally significant fragment ions indicative of the various substituent groups located on the diterpene skeleton are formed.
Inhibition of apoptosis as a mechanism of tumor promotion (1994)

Recent evidence supports the concept that tumor growth in vivo depends on evasion of normal homeostatic control mechanisms that operate through induction of cell death by apoptosis. This study tested the hypothesis that a common property shared by known or suspected tumor promoters is the ability to block the process of apoptosis. A total of 10 tumor promoters were tested and all were found to inhibit DNA fragmentation and cell death of 7 different cell lines triggered into apoptosis by diverse agents. Resistance to apoptosis could be induced rapidly (within 1 h) by treating with relatively high concentrations of promoters. However, low physiological concentrations of promoters could also induce complete resistance to apoptosis after prolonged exposure (5-15 days of culture). Like tumor promotion in vivo, promoter-induced resistance to apoptosis was reversible after culturing in the absence of promoter. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of tumor promotion and suggest a novel in vitro screening assay to detect new tumor-promoting agents in the environment.
Production of 7-O-Methyl Aromadendrin, a Medicinally Valuable Flavonoid, in Escherichia coli (2011)

7-O-Methyl aromadendrin (7-OMA) is an aglycone moiety of one of the important flavonoid-glycosides found in several plants, such as Populus alba and Eucalyptus maculata, with various medicinal applications. To produce such valuable natural flavonoids in large quantity, an Escherichia coli cell factory has been developed to employ various plant biosynthetic pathways. Here, we report the generation of 7-OMA from its precursor, p-coumaric acid, in E. coli for the first time. Primarily, naringenin (NRN) (flavanone) synthesis was achieved by feeding p-coumaric acid and reconstructing the plant biosynthetic pathway by introducing the following structural genes: 4-coumarate-coenzyme A (CoA) ligase from Petroselinum crispum, chalcone synthase from Petunia hybrida, and chalcone isomerase from Medicago sativa. In order to increase the availability of malonyl-CoA, a critical precursor of 7-OMA, genes for the acyl-CoA carboxylase α and β subunits (nfa9890 and nfa9940), biotin ligase (nfa9950), and acetyl-CoA synthetase (nfa3550) from Nocardia farcinica were also introduced. Thus, produced NRN was hydroxylated at position 3 by flavanone-3-hydroxylase from Arabidopsis thaliana, which was further methylated at position 7 to produce 7-OMA in the presence of 7-O-methyltransferase from Streptomyces avermitilis. Dihydrokaempferol (DHK) (aromadendrin) and sakuranetin (SKN) were produced as intermediate products. Overexpression of the genes for flavanone biosynthesis and modification pathways, along with malonyl-CoA overproduction in E. coli, produced 2.7 mg/liter (8.9 μM) 7-OMA upon supplementation with 500 μM p-coumaric acid in 24 h, whereas the strain expressing only the flavanone modification enzymes yielded 30 mg/liter (99.2 μM) 7-OMA from 500 μM NRN in 24 h.
Current trends and strategic directions in the use of pharmacogenomics to identify translational biomarkers. (2007)

The development of new drugs is hampered by the quality and usefulness of currently available biomarkers, which are unable to correlate human and animal responses, and in vivo and in vitro testing within one species. Furthermore, new translational (or bridging) biomarkers are required to improve the prediction of adverse events, whether they are related to drug toxicity or disease processes. The discipline of pharmacogenomics has been proposed by the FDA as a means to spur the discovery of new biomarkers for use in drug discovery and development, and although its guidance has addressed some of the issues associated with the use of this new technology, many remain to be solved. The existing controversies and unresolved issues in the field of pharmacogenomics will be the focus of this review and illustrative case studies will be presented.
Early Age Cracking in a SHCC Bridge Deck Link Slab (2015)

A strain hardening cementitous composite (SHCC) with extreme tensile ductility exceeding 2% was used to construct a link slab for a jointless bridge deck on Grove Street bridge over I-94 in Michigan, USA. The superior ductility of SHCC was expected to accommodate bridge deck deformations imposed by girder deflection, concrete shrinkage, and temperature variations, providing a cost-effective solution to a number of deterioration problems associated with bridge deck joints. Three days after placement on the bridge in fall 2005, early age cracking was found in the link slab. Although these cracks are small, about half the size allowable by ASSHTO, and they are bridged by fibers with load carrying capability, it is desirable to eliminate such early age cracking as much as possible. Systematic investigations (both numerical and experimental) have been conducted on identifying factors which cause early age cracking. It was concluded that the formation of early age cracking in Grove Street bridge SHCC link slab was a combination of several factors including low water-to-cement ratio of SHCC mix, use of gravity mixer, wind effect, high curing temperature, low curing humidity, presence of steel reinforcing bars, excessive restraint, high skew angle, and inadequate soaking water for curing.
Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Entry Block Viral Spread and Promote Viral Clearance in Cell Culture (2012)

Combinations of direct-acting anti-virals offer the potential to improve the efficacy, tolerability and duration of the current treatment regimen for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Viral entry represents a distinct therapeutic target that has been validated clinically for a number of pathogenic viruses. To discover novel inhibitors of HCV entry, we conducted a high throughput screen of a proprietary small-molecule compound library using HCV pseudoviral particle (HCVpp) technology. We independently discovered and optimized a series of 1,3,5-triazine compounds that are potent, selective and non-cytotoxic inhibitors of HCV entry. Representative compounds fully suppress both cell-free virus and cell-to-cell spread of HCV in vitro. We demonstrate, for the first time, that long term treatment of an HCV cell culture with a potent entry inhibitor promotes sustained viral clearance in vitro. We have confirmed that a single amino acid variant, V719G, in the transmembrane domain of E2 is sufficient to confer resistance to multiple compounds from the triazine series. Resistance studies were extended by evaluating both the fusogenic properties and growth kinetics of drug-induced and natural amino acid variants in the HCVpp and HCV cell culture assays. Our results indicate that amino acid variations at position 719 incur a significant fitness penalty. Introduction of I719 into a genotype 1b envelope sequence did not affect HCV entry; however, the overall level of HCV replication was reduced compared to the parental genotype 1b/2a HCV strain. Consistent with these findings, I719 represents a significant fraction of the naturally occurring genotype 1b sequences. Importantly, I719, the most relevant natural polymorphism, did not significantly alter the susceptibility of HCV to the triazine compounds. The preclinical properties of these triazine compounds support further investigation of entry inhibitors as a potential novel therapy for HCV infection.
Unique guest inclusion within multi-component, extended-cavity resorcin[4]arenes (1999)

Co-crystals involving C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene 1 and substituted pyridines obtained from MeNO2–benzene and MeCN–benzene yields multi-component complexes 1·4(4-picoline)·MeNO2 2 and 1·4(1,10-phenanthroline)·MeCN·benzene 3 in which the cavity of 1 is extended by four pyridines supramolecularly and the included solvent serves as a guest.