gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Doses of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus DNA Vaccine Delivered by Electroporation Induce Long-Term Protective Immune Responses (2012)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of major importance in cattle, so there is a need for new effective vaccines. DNA vaccines induce balanced immune responses and are relatively inexpensive and thus promising for both human and veterinary applications. In this study, newborn calves with maternal antibodies were vaccinated intramuscularly (i.m.) with a BVDV E2 DNA vaccine with the TriGrid Delivery System for i.m. delivery (TDS-IM). Two doses of this vaccine spaced 6 or 12 weeks apart were sufficient to induce significant virus-neutralizing antibody titers, numbers of activated T cells, and reduction in viral shedding and clinical presentations after BVDV-2 challenge. In contrast to the placebo-treated animals, the vaccinated calves did not lose any weight, which is an excellent indicator of the well-being of an animal and has a significant economic impact. Furthermore, the interval between the two vaccinations did not influence the magnitude of the immune responses or degree of clinical protection, and a third immunization was not necessary or beneficial. Since electroporation may enhance not only the magnitude but also the duration of immunity after DNA immunization, the interval between vaccination and challenge was extended in a second trial, which showed that two doses of this E2 DNA vaccine again significantly reduced clinical disease against BVDV for several months. These results are promising and support this technology for use against infectious diseases in cattle and large species, including humans, in general.
Learning-Based Conditional Image Coder Using Color Separation (2022)

Recently, image compression codecs based on Neural Networks(NN) outperformed the state-of-art classic ones such as BPG, an image format based on HEVC intra. However, the typical NN codec has high complexity, and it has limited options for parallel data processing. In this work, we propose a conditional separation principle that aims to improve parallelization and lower the computational requirements of an NN codec. We present a Conditional Color Separation (CCS) codec which follows this principle. The color components of an image are split into primary and non-primary ones. The processing of each component is done separately, by jointly trained networks. Our approach allows parallel processing of each component, flexibility to select different channel numbers, and an overall complexity reduction. The CCS codec uses over 40% less memory, has 2x faster encoding and 22% faster decoding speed, with only 4% BD-rate loss in RGB PSNR compared to our baseline model over BPG.
Journalism (except writing; see page 141) (1978)

Michael F. Wendland's The Arizona Project: How a Team of Investigative Reporters Got Revenge on Deadline (Kansas City: Sheed Adrews & McMeel, 1977—$9.95) David Frost's "I Gave Them a Sword:" Behind the Scenes of the Nixon Interviews (New York: Morrow, 1978—$9.95) Tom Wicker's On Press (New York: Viking, 1978—$10.95), Donald L. Shaw and Maxwell E. McCombs' The Emergence of American Political Issues: The Agenda-Setting Function of the Press (St. Paul, Minn.: 'lest Publishing, 1977—$10.95, paper) Michael Tracey's The Production of Political Television (London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977—$10.00, paper) Donovan H. Bond and - I. Reynolds McLeod, eds. Newsletters to Newspapers: Eighteenth-Century Journalism (Morgantown: West Virginia University School of Journalism, 1977—$10.00, paper)
AUTOTHERMAL AEROBIC DIGESTION (1977)

by anaerobic digestion are possible with shorter detention times and with less operation and maintenance problems. Additionally, super natant liquors from aerobic digestion have a much lower bod5 than those from anaerobic units. Tests indicate that bod5 concentrations of less than 100 mg/1 are observed in aerobic digestion supernatants compared to the 2 000 to 3 000 mg/1 concentrations of anaerobic pro cesses. This characteristic is important be cause the efficiency of many treatment plants is reduced as a result of recycling high bod con taining supernatants. Generally, aerobic di gestion is not believed to be competitive with anaerobic digestion because of the cost of power and the long retention times employed, especially in northern climates. By covering the aerobic digester and employing high purity oxygen one is able to overcome these economic disadvantages. Furthermore, it is possible with this process not only to make the operating temperature independent of ambient tempera ture but also to elevate the reactor temperature into the range of growth of thermophilic organ isms. Operations at elevated temperatures al low for significant reductions in the retention times required to obtain a given amount of ss reduction. Furthermore, if aerobic digestion is carried out in the thermophilic temperature range, T>45?C, the sludge becomes essentially pathogen-free, making the end product more suitable for land or ocean disposal. Presently, there exists a problem with re spect to a design standard for the aerobic digestion process. EPA has suggested that 40 percent vss reduction be achieved by aerobic digestion systems. This criterion is an over simplification of the problem since the biode gradable volatile solids content of a sludge may range from 35 to 70 percent of the total volatile solids depending on the type of wastewater and the amount of stabilization in the activated sludge system. It is suggested that a new criterion based on the odor-producing potential of a sludge be adopted. This may be related to some easily measurable parameter such as specific oxygen uptake rate or oxidation reduc tion potential of the sludge.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid and 12-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Human Platelets (1985)

Arachidonic acid (AA) is well known to be metabolized to thromboxane (TX) A2, 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in platelets. Prostaglandin endoperoxides and TXA2 are known to be potent aggregating agents. On the otherr hand, the labile 12-lipoxygenase metabolite, 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE) has been reported to have a rather anti-aggregating action.It has been reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has a potent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation. TXA3 produced from EPA is nonaggregating agent. Although major metabolites of EPA in platelets is said to be those of 12-lipoxygenase pathway, the effect of them has not been clearly elucidated yet. So, we examined the effect of 12-lipoxygenase metabolites of EPA on platelet function and compared them with those of AA.Both of the labile 12-lipoxygenase metabolites, 12-HPETE and 12-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HPEPE) suppressed dose-dependently platelet aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced by collagen and AA, while 12-HETE and 12-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (12-HEPE) had no such effects. The inhibitory effects of these 12-hydroperoxy compounds on platelet aggregation and release reaction seem to be almost equipotent. However, 5- and 15-hydroperoxy isomers were less potent in inhibiting aggregation.These results may indicate that 12-HPETE and 12-HPEPE have a potent anti-aggregatory activity and may play a role in regulating platelet aggregability.
Protonic conduction in oxide glasses: simple relations between electrical conductivity, activation energy, and the o-h bonding state (1988)

Simple relations between protonic conductivity ($\ensuremath{\sigma}$) and the peak wave number (${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{OH}}$) of O-H infrared absorption band, and between activation energy for the electrical conduction and the wave number (${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{OH}}$) were found in oxide glasses containing no alkali- and/or transition-metal ions. The present investigation enables one to evaluate the protonic conductivity and the activation energy at a unit proton concentration of a given glass specimen from an ir spectrum of the glass plate, respectively.
Haptograph representation of real‐world haptic information by wideband force control (2010)

Abstract Artificial acquisition and reproduction of human sensations are basic technologies in communication engineering. For example, auditory information is obtained by a microphone, and a speaker reproduces it by artificial means. Furthermore, a video camera and a television make it possible to transmit visual sensation by broadcasting. On the other hand, since tactile or haptic information is subject to Newton's “law of action and reaction” in the real world, a device that acquires, transmits, and reproduces information has not been established. From this perspective, real‐world haptics is the key technology for future haptic communication engineering. This paper proposes a novel acquisition method for haptic information called a “haptograph”. The haptograph visualizes the haptic information like a photograph. The proposed haptograph is applied to haptic recognition of the contact environment. A linear motor contacts the surface of the environment and its reaction force is used to make a haptograph. A robust contact motion and sensor‐less sensing of the reaction force are attained by using a disturbance observer. As a result, an encyclopedia of the contact environment is obtained. Since temporal and spatial analyses are conducted to represent haptic information as the haptograph, intuitive recognition and evaluation are possible. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(11): 28–37, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10235
Dihydrogen/Dihydride or Tetrahydride? An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Pincer Iridium Polyhydrides (2010)

The iridium pincer complexes (PCP)IrH(4) (1; PCP = [kappa(3)-1,3-(CH(2)P(t)Bu(2))(2)C(6)H(3)]) and (POCOP)IrH(4) (2; POCOP = [kappa(3)-1,3-(OP(t)Bu(2))(2)C(6)H(3)]) have proven to be effective catalyst precursors for dehydrogenation of alkanes. The complex (POCOP)IrH(2) has also been applied successfully as a catalyst for release of H(2) from ammonia borane. Investigation of the "tetrahydride" forms of these complexes by solution NMR methods suggests their formulation as dihydrogen/dihydride species. This is in contrast to the solid state structure of 1, determined by neutron diffraction (at 100 K), which indicates a compressed tetrahydride structure with only weak H-H interactions. Complex 1 (C(24)H(47)IrP(2)) crystallizes in the space group P4(2), tetragonal, (Z = 2) with a = 11.7006 (19) A, c = 9.7008(27) A, and V = 1328.1(5) A(3). Electronic structure calculations on 1 and 2 indicate that the global minima on the potential energy surfaces in the gas phase are tetrahydride structures; however, the dihydrogen/dihydride forms are only slightly higher in energy (1-3 kcal/mol). A dihydrogen/dihydride species is calculated to be the global minimum for 2 when in solution. The barriers to interconversion between the tetrahydride and dihydrogen/dihydride species are almost negligible.
PCLs: Geometry-aware Neural Reconstruction of 3D Pose with Perspective Crop Layers (2020)

Local processing is an essential feature of CNNs and other neural network architectures - it is one of the reasons why they work so well on images where relevant information is, to a large extent, local. However, perspective effects stemming from the projection in a conventional camera vary for different global positions in the image. We introduce Perspective Crop Layers (PCLs) - a form of perspective crop of the region of interest based on the camera geometry - and show that accounting for the perspective consistently improves the accuracy of state-of-the-art 3D pose reconstruction methods. PCLs are modular neural network layers, which, when inserted into existing CNN and MLP architectures, deterministically remove the location-dependent perspective effects while leaving end-to-end training and the number of parameters of the underlying neural network unchanged. We demonstrate that PCL leads to improved 3D human pose reconstruction accuracy for CNN architectures that use cropping operations, such as spatial transformer networks (STN), and, somewhat surprisingly, MLPs used for 2D-to-3D keypoint lifting. Our conclusion is that it is important to utilize camera calibration information when available, for classical and deep-learning-based computer vision alike. PCL offers an easy way to improve the accuracy of existing 3D reconstruction networks by making them geometry aware. Our code is publicly available at github.com/yu-frank/PerspectiveCropLayers.
High PMF coupled output power, 37 nm tunable laser module using matrix DFB laser (2003)

We have fabricated the thermally controlled, widely tunable laser module using matrix DFB laser. To realize high output power and wide tunability simultaneously, 12 DFB lasers were integrated in the form of 2 /spl times/ 6 matrix with low loss 1 /spl times/ 6 multi mode interferometer coupler and semiconductor optical amplifier. Optimizing lasing wavelength of the DFB lasers, stable single mode operations with side mode suppression ratio of over 40 dB were obtained. The module has shown excellent characteristics, such as high polarization maintaining optical fiber coupled power over 30 mW and wide tunability over 37 nm.
Correction to “Comprehensive Methodology for the Statistic of SRAM Vmin” (2015)

Presents corrections to, “Comprehensive methodology for the statistic of SRAM Vmin,” (Pompl, T. et al, IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Rel., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 289–297, Sep. 2015).
Material Properties of Human Rib Cortical Bone from Dynamic Tension Coupon Testing (2005)

The purpose of this study was to develop material properties of human rib cortical bone using dynamic tension coupon testing. This study presents 117 human rib cortical bone coupon tests from six cadavers, three male and three female, ranging in age from 18 to 67 years old. The rib sections were taken from the anterior, lateral, and posterior regions on ribs 1 through 12 of each cadaver's rib cage. The cortical bone was isolated from each rib section with a low speed diamond saw, and milled into dog bone shaped tension coupons using a small computer numerical control machine. A high-rate servo-hydraulic Material Testing System equipped with a custom slack adaptor, to provide constant strain rates, was used to apply tension loads to failure at an average rate of 0.5 strains/sec. The elastic modulus, yield stress, yield strain, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, and strain energy density were determined from the resulting stress versus strain curves. The overall average of all cadaver data gives an elastic modulus of 13.9 GPa, a yield stress of 93.9 MPa, a yield strain of 0.88 %, an ultimate stress of 124.2 MPa, an ultimate strain of 2.7 %, and a strain energy density of 250.1 MPa-microstrain. For all cadavers, the plastic region of the stress versus strain curves was substantial and contributed approximately 60 % to the strain energy and over 80 % in the tests with the 18 year old cadaver. The rib cortical bone becomes more brittle with increasing age, shown by an increase in the modulus (p < 0.01) and a decrease in peak strain (p < 0.01). In contrast to previous three-bending tests on whole rib and rib cortical bone coupons, there were no significant differences in material properties with respect to rib region or rib level. When these results are considered in conjunction with the previous three-point bending tests, there is regional variation in the structural response of the human rib cage, but this variation appears to be primarily a result of changes in the local geometry of each rib while the material properties remain nearly constant within an individual.
Device Dependent Information Hiding for Images (2023)

A new method for hiding information in digital images is proposed. Our method differs from existing techniques in that the information is hidden in a mixture of colors carefully tuned on a specific device according to the device's signal-to-luminance (gamma) characteristics. Because these reproduction characteristics differ in general from device to device and even from model to model, the hidden information appears when the cover image is viewed on a different device, and hence the hiding property is device-dependent. To realize this, we modulated a cover image using two identically-looking checkerboard patterns and switched them locally depending on the hidden information. Reproducing these two patterns equally on a different device is difficult. A possible application of our method would be secure printing where an image is allowed to be viewed only on a screen but a warning message appears when it is printed.
Cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics of wetland emergent plants under hydroponic conditions (2018)

For the purpose of screening a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator for Cd-contaminated soil in paddy fields, four kinds of wetland emergent plants (<i>Iris sibirica</i> L., <i>Acorus calamus</i> L., <i>Typha orientalis</i> Presl and <i>Cyperus alternifolius</i> L.) were investigated for their cadmium tolerance and accumulation characteristics under hydroponic conditions. The physiological responses of plants, Cd concentration in tissues, Cd accumulation, bioaccumulation factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TCF) were investigated to evaluate the abilities of wetland emergent plants to absorb and accumulate Cd. In comparison with the other selected emergent plants, <i>Iris sibirica</i> L. has the strongest Cd-tolerance for the absence of Cd toxic symptoms and a Cd concentration as high as 127.3 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> in shoots. Due to its large biomass, the Cd accumulation could reach up to 9.4 mg per plant in roots and 5.7 mg per plant in shoots, respectively. <i>Iris sibirica</i> L. possesses the highest TCF, and its BCF for Cd increased with increasing concentration of spiked Cd in the hydroponic solutions. The results indicate that <i>Iris sibirica</i> L. is a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator that may have a strong capacity for extracting Cd from Cd-contaminated paddy soils.
Mitigating Bandwidth-Exhaustion Attacks using Congestion Puzzles (Extended Abstract) (2004)

We present congestion puzzles (CP), a new countermeasure to bandwidth-exhaustion attacks. Like other defenses based on client puzzles, CP attempts to force attackers to invest vast resources in order to effectively perform denialof-service attacks. Unlike previous puzzle-based approaches, however, ours is the first designed for the bandwidth-exhaustion attacks that are common at the network (IP) layer. At the core of CP is an elegant distributed puzzle mechanism that permits routers to cooperatively impose and check puzzles. We demonstrate through analysis and simulation that CP can effectively defend networks from flooding attacks without relying on the formulation of attack signatures to filter traffic. Moreover, as many such attacks are conducted by “zombie” computers that have been silently commandeered without the knowledge of their owners, the overheads that CP imposes on heavily engaged zombies can increase the likelihood that the computer’s owner detects the compromise and takes action to remedy it.
Molecular Recognition of Carbohydrates: Strong Binding of Alkyl Glycosides by Phosphonate Derivatives (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Recognition of Carbohydrates: Strong Binding of Alkyl Glycosides by Phosphonate DerivativesGoutam Das and Andrew D. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 24, 11139–11140Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00103a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00103a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mutations associated with succinate dehydrogenase d‐related malignant paragangliomas (2007)

Our findings indicate that malignant SDHD-related PGL is associated with several mutations besides D92Y.
Communicating and using biomechanical measures through visual cues to optimise safe and effective rowing (2015)

The use of representations of physiological parameters to an athlete and coach during training is becoming increasingly common. Their utility is enhanced when the appropriate data are captured and communicated in real time for the athlete to make training adjustments immediately. The aim of this work was to develop a biofeedback tool for ergometer rowing by creating a data acquisition system, data analysis and interpretation that could be conducted in real time and a feedback system with appropriate cues to the athlete. This 14-year study resulted in a set of measured parameters with inferred correlations between the directly measured parameters acquired during the activity and performance and injury outcome measures. These parameters were represented through a customisable visual display in real time during ergometer training. An athlete and coach open survey was conducted to assess the utility of the biofeedback tool. This survey found that all parties valued the feedback system since it provided a common language to identify body motion and performance parameters in a way that was accessible and meaningful to all parties as well as available during training and coaching. Athletes noted that it helped them to understand body segment motion and its relation to performance, and both coaches and medical staff valued this in enhancing performance and monitoring injury and injury prediction. There was also speculation that the system helps to underpin coaching practice and its translation to the team. The biofeedback tool has been adopted by the British elite rowing squad.