gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial diversity and channel statistics-based RF-baseband Co-design for antenna selection (2005)

For MIMO systems, we introduce two novel architectures that significantly reduce the required number of expensive RF chains and still perform as well as a conventional full complexity solution for many cases of interest. We combine RF pre-processing - based solely on channel statistics and not instantaneous channel state - with selection and corresponding baseband signal processing. For a system with L RF chains, N/sub t/ transmit and N/sub r/ receive antennas, the first architecture uses an L/spl times/N/sub r/ RF pre-processing matrix that outputs only L streams followed by baseband signal processing. The second one uses an N/sub r//spl times/N/sub r/ RF pre-processing matrix followed by selection of L streams and baseband signal processing. We derive the optimal RF pre-processing matrices and the corresponding baseband combining vectors that maximize the average output SNR. A beamforming-based geometric intuition is also developed. With the constraints of today's IC fabrication technology in mind, an approximation that requires only variable phase-shifters and adders, is also proposed and shown to incur a negligible loss in performance. In the process, a fair benchmark for comparing with the previously proposed FFT Butler pre-processing is provided.
Interactions of acetylcholinesterase with caveolin-1 and subsequently with cytochrome c are required for apoptosome formation (2008)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is emerging as an important component in leading to apoptosis. Our previous study demonstrated that silencing of the AChE gene blocked the interaction between cytochrome c and apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) in etoposide-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells. We undertook this study to further dissect the molecular role of AChE in apoptosome formation. The present study elicited that small interfering RNA (siRNA) to cytochrome c gene blocked the interaction of AChE with Apaf-1, whereas siRNA to Apaf-1 gene did not block the interaction of AChE with cytochrome c, indicating that the interaction of AChE with cytochrome c is required for the interaction between cytochrome c and protease-activating factor-1. We further observed that AChE is localized to caveolae via interacting with caveolin-1 during apoptosis and that the disruption of caveolae prevented apoptosome formation. These data indicate that the interactions of AChE with caveolin-1 and subsequently with cytochrome c appear to be indispensable for apoptosome formation.
Supplementary Table 4 from A Novel Antiandrogen, Compound 30, Suppresses Castration-Resistant and MDV3100-Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF, 49K, AR transcriptional activity EC50 in MR49F cells treated with MDV3100 and Compound 30&lt;/p&gt;
Use of fiber optics for perimeter alarms (1986)

Information is presented on the applications of fiber optics in perimeter alarm systems. (JDB)
A 1.8&#x00B5;W 1&#x00B5;V-offset capacitively-coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier in 65nm CMOS (2010)

This paper describes a precision capacitively-coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA). It achieves 1μV offset, 134dB CMRR, 120dB PSRR, 0.16% gain accuracy and a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 3.1, which is more than 3x better than state-of-the-art. It has a rail-to-rail DC common-mode (CM) input range. Furthermore, a positive feedback loop (PFL) is used to boost the input impedance, and a ripple reduction loop (RRL) is used to reduce the ripple associated with chopping. The CCIA occupies only 0.1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 65nm CMOS technology. It can operate from a 1V supply, from which it draws only 1.8μA.
Visual Vestibular Conflict Mitigation in Virtual Reality Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (2022)

<b>BACKGROUND:</b> Virtual reality (VR) is an effective technique to reduce cost and increase fidelity in training programs. In VR, visual and vestibular cues are often in conflict, which may result in simulator-induced motion sickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the integration of Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS) with a VR flight training simulator by assessing flight performance, secondary task performance, simulator sickness and presence.<b>METHODS:</b> There were 20 participants who performed 2 separate VR flight simulation sessions, with and without GVS (control). Flight performance, secondary task performance, and electrogastrogram were measured during VR flight simulation. The standardized simulator sickness and presence questionnaires were administered.<b>RESULTS:</b> Electrogastrogram measures such as dominant power instability coefficient (DPIC) and percentages of bradygastric waves (%B) were lower in the GVS session than the control session in the flight simulation (DPIC: 0.44 vs. 0.54; %B: 21.2% vs. 30.5%) and postflight (DPIC: 0.38 vs. 0.53; %B: 22.8% vs. 31.4%) periods. Flight performance (#hit-gates) was improved in the GVS session compared to the control (GVS: 17, Control: 15.5). Secondary task performance (%hits) was improved with GVS for the Easy task (GVS: 55.5%, Control: 43.1%).<b>DISCUSSION:</b> This study demonstrates the potential of synchronizing GVS with visual stimuli in VR flight training to reduce visual-vestibular sensory conflict to improve fidelity and performance. These results provide initial evidence, but continued research is warranted to further understand the benefits and applications of GVS in VR simulator training.<b>Pradhan GN, Galvan-Garza RC, Perez AM, Stepanek J, Cevette MJ. <i>Visual vestibular conflict mitigation in virtual reality using galvanic vestibular stimulation</i>. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(5):406-414.</b>
Berichtigung: Synthesis and Microcontact Printing of Dual End‐Functionalized Mucin‐like Glycopolymers for Microarray Applications (2012)

Die Autoren dieser Zuschrift möchten der Danksagung den folgenden Satz anfügen: “This work was also supported by the NIH (grant GM059907).”
PNA–NLS conjugates as single-molecular activators of target sites in double-stranded DNA for site-selective scission (2013)

Artificial DNA cutters have been developed by us in our previous studies by combining two strands of pseudo-complementary peptide nucleic acid (pcPNA) with Ce(IV)–EDTA-promoted hydrolysis. The pcPNAs have two modified nucleobases (2,6-diaminopurine and 2-thiouracil) instead of conventional A and T, and can invade double-stranded DNA to activate the target site for the scission. This system has been applied to site-selective scissions of plasmid, λ-phage, E. coli genomic DNA, and human genomic DNA. Here, we have reported a still simpler and more convenient DNA cutter obtained by conjugating peptide nucleic acid (PNA) with a nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide. This new DNA cutter requires only one PNA strand (instead of two) bearing conventional (non-pseudo-complementary) nucleobases. This PNA–NLS conjugate effectively activated the target site in double-stranded DNA and induced site-selective scission by Ce(IV)–EDTA. The complex formation between the conjugate and DNA was concretely evidenced by spectroscopic results based on time-resolved fluorescence. The target scission site of this new system was straightforwardly determined by the Watson–Crick base pairing rule, and mismatched sequences were clearly discriminated. Importantly, even highly GC-rich regions, which are difficult to be targeted by a previous strategy using pcPNA, were successfully targeted. All these features of the present DNA cutter make it promising for various future applications.
Plain language summary of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine protection against COVID-19 and its safety in participants 12- to 15-years-old (2023)

What is this summary about? This is a summary of an article about part of a clinical study for the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, also called the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The article was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in May 2021. This summary describes how the vaccine worked in participants 12- to 15-years old. The part of the study described in the article is ongoing and expected to finish March 2023. This means that the final results may be different from the results included in this summary. What happened in this study? The part of the study described in this summary included participants 12- to 15-years old who had no serious health issues. The BNT162b2 vaccine had already been studied in participants 16 years of age or older. In this part of the study, the researchers wanted to find out: How effective and safe the vaccine was in participants 12- to 15-years old. What the immune response to the vaccine and the vaccine safety were like in 12- to 15-year-olds compared with 16- to 25-year-olds. How well the vaccine prevented SARS-CoV-2 infections in participants who received the vaccine compared to those who did not. This is also called efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine Half of the participants in this study received 2 injections of the BNT162b2 vaccine and half received 2 injections of a placebo in a muscle of the upper arm. The placebo looked like the BNT162b2 vaccine but did not have any active vaccine in it. What were the results? BNT162b2 had a favorable safety profile. The most common reactions were pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. None of the participants had serious reactions to the vaccine. The 12- to 15-year-old participants' immune system responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine were as good as or stronger than the 16- to 25-year-old participants' immune responses. The participants who received the BNT162b2 vaccine were less likely to get COVID-19 compared with the participants who got the placebo. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04368728 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )
Uptake and expression of bacterial and cyanobacterial genes by isolated cucumber etioplasts. (1987)

The uptake and expression by plastids isolated from dark-grown cucumber cotyledons (etioplasts) of two pUC derivatives, pCS75 and pUC9-CM, respectively carrying genes for the large small subunits of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of Anacystis nidulans or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, is reported. Untreated etioplasts take up only 3% as much DNA as that taken up by EDTA-washed etioplasts after 2 hr of incubation with nick-translated [32P]-pCS75. The presence or absence of light does not affect DNA uptake, binding, or breakdown by etioplasts. Calcium or magnesium ions inhibit DNA uptake by 86% but enhance binding (23-200%) and breakdown (163-235%) of donor DNA by EDTA-treated etioplasts. Uncouplers that abolish membrane potential (delta psi), transmembrane proton gradient (delta pH), or both do not affect DNA uptake, binding, or breakdown by etioplast. However, both DNA uptake and binding are severely inhibited by ATP. Presumably this results from the hydrolysis of ATP, because the poorly hydrolyzable analog adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate does not inhibit the uptake or binding of DNA by etioplasts. beta-Lactamase specified by the ampicillin resistance gene of pCS75 can be detected only in EDTA-treated etioplasts that have been incubated with the plasmid pCS75. After the incubation of EDTA-treated etioplasts with pCS75, immunoprecipitation using antiserum to the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from A. nidulans reveals the synthesis of small subunits; these are smaller by 2 kDa than the cucumber small subunit encoded by the nuclear genome. Treatment of etioplasts with 10 mM EDTA shows a 10-min duration to be optimal for the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase encoded by pUC9-CM. A progressive increase in the expression of this enzyme is observed with an increase in the concentration of pUC9-CM in the DNA uptake medium. The plasmid-dependent incorporation of [35S]methionine by EDTA-treated organelles declines markedly during cotyledon greening in vivo.
Valorization of secondary feedstocks from the agroindustry by selective catalytic oxidation to formic and acetic acid using the OxFA process (2021)

Abstract The selective oxidative conversion of seven representative fully characterized biomasses recovered as secondary feedstocks from the agroindustry is reported. The reaction system, known as the “OxFA process,” involves a homogeneous polyoxometalate catalyst (H 8 PV 5 Mo 7 O 40 ), gaseous oxygen, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and water as solvent. It took place at 20 bar and 90 °C and transformed agro-industrial wastes, such as coffee husks, cocoa husks, palm rachis, fiber and nuts, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husks into biogenic formic acid, acetic acid, and CO 2 as sole products. Even though all samples were transformed; remarkably, the reaction obtains up to 64, and 55% combined yield of formic and acetic acid for coffee and cocoa husks as raw material within 24 h, respectively. In addition to the role of the catalysts and additive for promoting the reaction, the influence of biomass components (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) into biogenic formic acid formation has been also demonstrated. Thus, these results are of major interest for the application of novel oxidation techniques under real recovered biomass for producing value-added products. Graphical abstract
Hydrothermal Processing (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background Fundamentals Hydrothermal Liquefaction Hydrothermal Gasification Pumping Biomass into Hydrothermal Processing Systems Conclusions of Hydrothermal Processing References
Cellulosic ethanol production via consolidated bioprocessing by a novel thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a Himalayan hot spring (2017)

This study demonstrated the direct fermentation ability of the novel thermophilic anaerobic bacteria on various cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates into ethanol without the aid of any exogenous enzymes, representing CBP-based fermentation approach. Here, the broad substrate utilization spectrum of isolated cellulolytic thermophilic anaerobic bacterium was shown to be of potential utility. We demonstrated that the co-culture strategy involving novel strains is efficient in improving ethanol production from real substrate.
<title>Multiresolution framework for backward motion compensation</title> (1995)

Hierarchical decomposition of images and their relationship with motion fields continues to be a hotly pursued topic, and the role of backward motion information in coding is beginning to capture the interest of the video coding community. This paper simultaneously addresses some of the fundamental issues in multi-resolution and backward motion systems. From a coding viewpoint, a multi-resolution motion hierarchy should be coupled with an estimation system that deals with a maximally subsampled wavelet decomposition of the frames, to avoid redundancy of representation. Through a frequency domain argument, we expose the difficulties associated with such an approach, and in fact show that a band-to-band motion compensated estimation in a wavelet domain is not possible. This analysis leads to an alternative approach for estimation of detail bands. The resulting estimation errors were coded through a zerotree quantizer. We circumvented the causality problem associated with determination of zerotree information in a recursive coder through using a suitable substitute zerotree. Simulations show that a prototype coder of this type is very competitive, with a performance similar to forward (block-based) coders. The results show that the commonly held belief by many, that backward (pel-based, or pel-recursive) coding algorithms are inherently inferior to block-based methods, is not true, and will hopefully spawn interest and open a debate on the role of backward motion information in video coding.
The helical supramolecular assembly of oligopyridylamide foldamers in aqueous media can be guided by adenosine diphosphates (2021)

A metal-free and achiral tri-pyridylamide foldamer, DM 11, containing a critical naphthalimide side chain self-assembles in a left-handed helical manner in the presence of chiral adenosine phosphates, under physiological conditions. Surprisingly, a very high degree of helicity in the foldamer assemblies was observed with ADP compared to other nucleoside phosphates, including ATP.
Analysis of Coded FHSS Systems with Multiple Access Interference in Nakagami Fading (2008)

This paper studies the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) on the performance of coded FHSS systems. This is achieved by modelling the physical channel in these networks as a block fading channel with the hopping rate as a network parameter. From this, error performance of convolutionally coded FHSS systems is derived by finding the exact interference statistics and averaging over it.
Change in Oxygen Content of Y 2 O 3 ‐Nd 2 O 3 ‐Doped Silicon Nitride During Firing (1989)

The oxygen content of silicon nitride with 1 mol% Y 2 O 3 —Nd 2 O 3 additive was measured after firing to determine the compositional change during gas‐pressure sintering. Oxygen content decreases from 2.5 to 0.94 wt% during firing for 4 h at 1900°C and 10‐MPa pressure in N 2 . This decrease in oxygen results from the release of SiO gas generated by a thermaldecomposition reaction between Si 3 N 4 and SiO 2 . The resultant sintered silicon nitride material contains less than 1 wt% oxygen.
Selective POTE Paralogs on Chromosome 2 are Expressed in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

POTE is a primate-specific gene family that encodes cancer testis antigens that contain three domains, although the proteins vary greatly in size. The amino-terminal domain is novel and has three cysteine-rich domains of 37 amino acids. The second and third domains are rich in ankyrin repeats and spectrin-like helices respectively. In humans, 13 highly homologous paralogs are dispersed among eight chromosomes. Some members of the POTE gene family have an actin insertion at the carboxyl end of the protein. The expression of the POTE gene in normal adult tissues is restricted, but several POTE paralogs are frequently expressed in many cancers including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. We show here that POTE is expressed in several human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. We found that UC06, WA01 and ES03 cell lines express mainly a POTE-2gamma transcript but ES02 and ES04 cell lines predominantly express POTE-2alpha. The WA09 cell line expressed both POTE-2gamma and POTE-2alpha. There is no detectable POTE gene expression in fetal tissues (ages 16-36 weeks). The POTE paralogs that are expressed in ES cells may have a specific function during lineage-specific differentiation of ES cells.
A Laparoscopic Access Technique for Endovascular Procedures:Surgeon Training in an Animal Model (2006)

This novel technique bridges the gap between laparoscopic and endovascular techniques in striving for minimally invasive solutions to the treatment of vascular disease. Adaptation to human beings is currently underway and will mean increasing the applicability of endovascular solutions to those patients in whom it would otherwise be denied. The technique would appear not to require specialist laparoscopic skills.
Vector volume flow in arteriovenous fistulas (2013)

The majority of patients with end stage renal disease are in hemodialysis, and therefore dependent on a well functioning vascular access. The arteriovenous fistula is the recommended access and in order to maintain and keep the fistula patent, regular monitoring of the function is necessary. The Ultrasound Dilution Technique is the reference method for volume flow measurement, but it only works in conjunction with the dialysis machine, and use is therefore restricted to dialysis sessions. Volume flow measurement with conventional Doppler ultrasound provides a non invasive, highly accessible solution, but is very challenging due to the angle dependency of the Doppler technique and the anatomy of the fistula. The angle independent vector ultrasound technique Transverse Oscillation provides a new and more intuitive way to measure volume flow in an arteriovenous fistula. In this paper the Transverse Oscillation has been used to measure volume flow directly on four patients' arteriovenous fistulas, and the measurements were compared to subsequent measurements with the Ultrasound Dilution Technique. The results obtained with the Transverse Oscillation deviate −35.1 – 14.9 % from the reference method, and indicates potential for the method.
Current self-distribution effect in vertical-cavity surface-emitting semiconductor lasers (1998)

A versatile electro-thermal and optical numerical simulation tool has been developed that can handel various types of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser designs. As an example, we consider a cylindrically symmetric top-emitting mesa laser with an oxide window. The control-volume-based model provides spatial distributions of carrier density in the active region plane as well as electrical potential, current density and temperature distributions in the entire device. We focus our attention on current redistribution processes, and find out that the current crowding effect is strongly affected by the presence of oxide window. In addition to the geometry-related crowding, we describe the current self-distribution (CSD) effect related to spatially non-uniform stimulated recombination. The CSD is shown to counteract the spatial hole-burning caused by carrier consumption through intense stimulated emission.
Detection of Transmitter Release from Single Living Cells Using Conducting Polymer Microelectrodes (2011)

Microelectrodes based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) are able to record the oxidation of catecholamines released from chromaffin cells during exocytosis with a high signal-to-noise ratio. This result represents a new capability for organic electronics that could lead to devices that interface with the nervous system in novel ways.
Prenatal methotrexate injection increases behaviors possibly associated with depression and/or autism in rat offspring; A new animal model for mental disorder, based on folate metabolism deficit during pregnancy (2022)

Decrease of SI and increase of immobility time in FST may suggest association of this animal model with depression and/or autism. Increase of time spent in the light box and shuttling between the light-dark boxes may indicate changes in anxiety or cognitive level to environment, or repetitive behaviors in autism. Although further studies are warranted to characterize this animal model, at least we can say that prenatal MTX exposure, possibly causing folate metabolism deficit, affects offspring behaviors.
Diamide Insecticides as Ryanodine Receptor Activators (2016)

The diamides consist of two chemical classes: the phthalamides and anthranilamides. They control Lepidoptera species. Benzoxazinones react smoothly with amines to give an anthranilic diamide such as tetraniliprole. The diamides have been shown to activate the ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which are ion channels regulating the calcium release from intracellular stores located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Calcium mobilization through the RyR inmuscle cells governs excitation/contraction coupling, and impairment of the RyR channels leads to serious muscle and neuronal disorders such as paralysis. The diamide binding site is different from the ryanodine site but is allosterically related. The natural product ryanodine has high affinity for the insect as well as for the mammalian RyR and, as a consequence, is toxic. Finally, this chapter discusses the structure activity relationship analysis of the phthalamides in the literature based on in vivo as well as in vitro activity.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Performance of Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Lung Nodules in Patients With Complex Lung Disease (2021)

In a group of patients with complex lung disease, the sensitivity of AI is similar to an experienced radiologist and the tool helps detect previously missed nodules. AI also helps experts analyze for lung nodules faster and more confidently, a feature that is beneficial to patients and favorable to hospitals due to increased patient load and need for shorter turnaround times.