gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and Characterization of Highly Strained Dibenzotetrakisdehydro[12]- and Dibenzopentakisdehydro[14]annulenes (2005)

To generate dibenzotetrakisdehydro[12]- and dibenzopentakisdehydro[14]annulenes ([12]- and [14]DBAs) having a highly deformed triyne moiety, [4.3.2]propellatriene-anneleted dehydro[12]- and dehydro[14]annulenes were prepared as their precursors. UV irradiation of the precursors resulted in the photochemical [2 + 2] cycloreversion to generate the strained [12]- and [14]DBAs, respectively. The [12]DBA was not detected by 1H NMR spectroscopy, but it was intercepted as Diels-Alder adducts in solution, suggesting its intermediacy. Its spectroscopic characterization was successfully carried out by UV-vis spectroscopy in a 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) glass matrix at 77 K and by FT-IR spectroscopy in an argon matrix at 20 K. On the other hand, the [14]DBA was stable enough for observation by 1H and 13C NMR spectra in solution, though it was not isolated because of the low efficiency of the cycloreversion. The [14]DBA was also characterized by interception as Diels-Alder adducts in solution and by UV-vis spectroscopy in a MTHF glass matrix at 77 K. The kinetic stabilities of the DBAs are compared with the related dehydrobenzoannulenes with respect to the topology of the pi-systems. In addition, the tropicity of the [14]DBA is discussed based on its experimental and theoretical 1H NMR chemical shifts.
Minimizing RF heating of conducting wires in MRI (2007)

Performing interventions using long conducting wires in MRI introduces the risk of focal RF heating at the wire tip. Comprehensive EM simulations are combined with carefully measured experimental data to show that method-of-moments EM field modeling coupled with heat transfer modeling can adequately predict RF heating with wires partially inserted into the patient-mimicking phantom. The effects of total wire length, inserted length, wire position in the phantom, phantom position in the scanner, and phantom size are examined. Increasing phantom size can shift a wire's length of maximum tip heating from about a half wave toward a quarter wave. In any event, with wires parallel to the scanner bore, wire tip heating is minimized by keeping the patient and wires as close as possible to the central axis of the scanner bore. At 1.5T, heating is minimized if bare wires are shorter than 0.6 m or between approximately 2.4 m and approximately 3.0 m. Heating is further minimized if wire insertion into phantoms equivalent to most aqueous soft tissues is less than 13 cm or greater than 40 cm (longer for fatty tissues, bone, and lung). The methods demonstrated can be used to estimate the absolute amount of heating in order to set RF power safety thresholds.
Avian B Cell Development (1997)

Development of B cells in chickens proceeds via a series of discrete developmental stages that includes the maturation of committed B cell progenitors in the specialized microenvironment of the bursa of Fabricius. The bursa has been shown to be required for the amplification of the B cell pool and selects for cells with productive immunoglobulin rearrangement events. Other events regulating chicken B cell development such as lymphocyte trafficking and apoptosis are just beginning to be elucidated. Within the bursa, the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes of B cell progenitors are diversified by a process of intrachromosomal gene conversion, where blocks of sequence information are transferred from pseudo-V regions to the recombined variable regions of the immunoglobulin genes. Recently gene conversion has been determined to play a role in the diversification of the immune repertoire in other species. In this review we focus on the current understanding and recent advances of B cell development in the chicken.
Building an English-iraqi Arabic machine translation system for spoken utterances with limited resources (2006)

This paper presents an English-Iraqi Arabic speech-to-speech statistical machine translation system using limited resources. In it, we explore the constraints involved, how we endeavored to mitigate such problems as a non-standard orthography and a highly inflected grammar, and discuss leveraging existing plentiful resources for Modern Standard Arabic to assist in this task. These combined techniques yield a reduction in unknown words at translation time by over 40% and a +3.65 increase in BLEU score over a previous state-of-the-art system using the same parallel training corpus of spoken utterances.
Briarane Diterpenes from Micronesian Gorgonians (1996)

Four new briaranes, nui-inoalides A-D, (6-9) are described.They were isolated from octocorals collected in Pohnpei and Ant atoll, Micronesia.The absolute stereochemistry of the known briarane juncin E (5) was determined.Nuiinoalide A (6) and the known gemmacolides A, B, and D (2-4) exhibit immunomodulatory activity.Briaranes (1) are diterpenoid y-lactones of a highly substituted bicyclo[8.4.0] system.From the isolation of briarane A by Ciereszko and coworkers in 19773 up to recent papers by Kobayashi et a1.4 and by He andFaulkners more than 50 representatives of this class of compounds have been isolated from gorgonians, sea pens, and occasionally their predators.Faullcner's papers dealing with constituents of Junceella gemmacea from Pohnpei, Micronesia, appeared after our work dealing with the same gorgonian from the same location had been completed.We isolated seven briaranes, four known (2-5) and three new (6-8) compounds; a fourth new briarane (9) was isolated from an octocoral collected at Ant atoll, Micronesia, in 1987.The freeze-dried Pohnpei animal (0.42 kg dry) was extracted with ethyl acetate.The residue was chromatographed on a silica flash column, from which the hriaranes eluted with ethyl acetate.Final separation was achieved by hplc on a C18 reversed phase column with aqueous methanol gradient elution, in the order 4,7,6,8,3,2,5, in yields ranging from 1x104 to 3x10-3% (wet wt).Briarane (9) was isolated by normal phase hplc (ethyl acetate/methylene chloride) and crystallized from methanol.Spectral data (lH and 13C nmr, ir, uv, ms, [ a ] ~) of briaranes (2-4) were identical with those reported by He and Faullcne6 for gemmacolide A (2). B (3). and D (4).while the data for briarane (5) matched those reported by Kashman and coworkers6 from a Red Sea gorgonian (Junceella juncea) constituent juncin E.
What's next in robots? &#x223C;Sensing, processing, networking toward human brain and body (2012)

Most of us dreamt about robots in our childhood interacting and assisting us in our daily life. They are way beyond fiction and have emerged to become unavoidable in minimally-invasive surgery and industrial automation. There is also an explosion in research areas around autonomous cars, humanoid/android, medical, mobile remote manipulation and personal assistance robots. Such advances largely benefit from to the advances in sensing, signal processing, analog/digital circuits, and devices in semiconductor technologies that are driven by consumer and automotive electronics. Increasingly robotic platforms are also benefiting from the wirelessly connected infrastructure and the cloud computing. Expansion of such applications is going to require more human-friendly and humanlike interactive systems. Improvements in energy efficiency, dependability, security, intelligent sensor networks are among technologies, which are expected from the next generation silicon system, that provide the means to the development of the next generation interactive robots. However, more closed collaboration of the hardware/software design, integration, and data fusion are also must. Robot developers' wish list for the semiconductor industry is endless and their creativ ity is admirable.
Purificação de nanopartículas de ouro: um estudo de parâmetros operacionais sobre as propriedades finais (2022)

Anais da 2ª Conferência Brasileira de Planejamento Experimental e Análise de Dados: ConBraPA 2022 (978-85-5722-443-8) - Purificação De Nanopartículas De Ouro: Um Estudo De Parâmetros Operacionais Sobre As Propriedades Finais
RTP Payload Format for Raptor Forward Error Correction (FEC) (2012)

This document specifies an RTP payload format for the Forward Error
Correction (FEC) repair data produced by the Raptor FEC Schemes.
Raptor FEC Schemes are specified for use with the IETF FEC Framework
that supports the transport of repair data over both UDP and RTP. This
document specifies the payload format that is required for the use of
RTP to carry Raptor repair flows. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
A Call to Action for New Global Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease Drug Solutions (2021)

While we continue to wrestle with the immense challenge of implementing equitable access to established evidence-based treatments, substantial gaps remain in our pharmacotherapy armament for common forms of cardiovascular disease including coronary and peripheral arterial disease, heart failure, hypertension, and arrhythmia. We need to continue to invest in the development of new approaches for the discovery, rigorous assessment, and implementation of new therapies. Currently, the time and cost to progress from lead compound/product identification to the clinic, and the success rate in getting there reduces the incentive for industry to invest, despite the enormous burden of disease and potential size of market. There are tremendous opportunities with improved phenotyping of patients currently batched together in syndromic "buckets." Use of advanced imaging and molecular markers may allow stratification of patients in a manner more aligned to biological mechanisms that can, in turn, be targeted by specific approaches developed using high-throughput molecular technologies. Unbiased "omic" approaches enhance the possibility of discovering completely new mechanisms in such groups. Furthermore, advances in drug discovery platforms, and models to study efficacy and toxicity more relevant to the human disease, are valuable. Re-imagining the relationships among discovery, translation, evaluation, and implementation will help reverse the trend away from investment in the cardiovascular space, establishing innovative platforms and approaches across the full spectrum of therapeutic development.
An improved mechanically durable electrophoresis gel matrix that is fully compatible with fluorescence‐based protein detection technologies (2003)

Unfortunately, conventional large-format polyacrylamide gels are mechanically fragile, often tearing during the subsequent manipulations required for visualization of the proteins. This problem is compounded when large-format two-dimensional gels are subjected to multiple staining procedures in order to detect different classes of proteins, such as total protein, phosphoproteins, and glycoproteins. A mechanically durable liquid polyacrylamide-based matrix has been developed that, upon polymerization, facilitates the handling of one-dimensional and two-dimensional gels. The matrix, referred to as Rhinohide liquid acrylamide, is stable as a refrigerated solution for up to one year, and forms a polymer-reinforced polyacrylamide gel suitable for electrophoresis, upon addition of catalysts. The matrix is superior to previously reported durable gel matrices in that it does not cause distortion of high-molecular-weight bands and does not suffer from other spot morphology artifacts, such as doubling of protein spots in the molecular weight dimension. The matrix is particularly valuable for the analysis of proteins applying multiple applications of fluorescent dyes, as required with serial staining of proteins for phosphorylation, glycosylation, and total protein expression, using Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein stain, Pro-Q Emerald glycoprotein stain and SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain, respectively.
Surface acoustic wave duplexer composed of SiO<inf>2</inf> film with convex and concave on Cu-electrodes/LiNbO<inf>3</inf> structure (2008)

Authors have already realized 3.0times2.5times1.2 or 2.5times2.0times0.48 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> size SAW duplexers for personal communication services in US with an excellent temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) by using the Rayleigh wave on the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Cu-electrode/ 120deg-128degYX-LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and 36deg-48degYX-LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> structures. This time, authors intentionally attempted to make the convex portions on the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film over the gap of interdigital transducers (IDTs). As the results, the calculated and measured results showed the increase of the reflection coefficient and the improvement of the TCF. In addition to them, the measured results showed that a power durability have been drastically improved without any deterioration in the frequency characteristics by making the convex portions on the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film over the gap of the IDTs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Isobenzofuran‐Aryne Cycloadducts. (1986)

Abstract Aus dem Acetal (I) läßt sich mit Lithium‐organischen Verbindungen Isobenzofuran (II) herstellen, das mit dem aus o‐Bromchlorbenzol erzeugten Arin zum Epoxyanthracen (III) reagiert.
Hourly to seasonal hydrochemical dynamics in lowland and upland UK river-systems: from process inference to progress in hydrochemical modelling: from process inference to progress in hydrochemical modelling (2012)

Model-based assessments of the impacts of environmental change on European freshwater ecosystems are needed to aid informed resource management. This talk will focus on how such model-based assessments can be improved using the latest results from in-situ, continuous sub-daily water quality monitoring in upland and lowland UK river systems. Two catchments in the lowland Thames basin, the Enborne and The Cut, have been instrumented since November 2009 to examine the water quality dynamics using laboratory instruments (Hach-Lange; Micromac) installed in the field to produce hourly measurements of nutrient dynamics. Total Phosphorus and Total Reactive Phosphorus were measured in The Cut and nitrate was measured in the Enborne. These data were supplemented at both sites by nearby flow measurements and data collected using YSI multi-parameter sondes fitted with pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and water temperature probes. Experiences of installing and using these in-situ technologies will be described. The observed dynamics evident in these datasets will be compared to those identified at Plynlimon, Wales, which represent the hydrochemical functioning of an upland river-system. Both the lowland and upland data will be interpreted in terms of: the gain in information by sampling at sub-daily frequencies (and what is lost by sampling at lower frequencies); new information derived in terms of hydrochemical functioning; and the implications for progressing hydrochemical models. As part of the discussion, new opportunities from 'lab-on-a-chip' technologies will be described.
Biometric identification using holographic radar imaging techniques (2007)

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory researchers have been at the forefront of developing innovative screening systems to enhance security and a novel imaging system to provide custom-fit clothing using holographic radar imaging techniques. First-of-a-kind cylindrical holographic imaging systems have been developed to screen people at security checkpoints for the detection of concealed, body worn, non-metallic threats such as plastic and liquid explosives, knifes and contraband. Another embodiment of this technology is capable of obtaining full sized body measurements in near real time without the person under surveillance removing their outer garments. Radar signals readily penetrate clothing and reflect off the water in skin. This full body measurement system is commercially available for best fitting ready to wear clothing, which was the first "biometric" application for this technology. One compelling feature of this technology for security biometric applications is that it can see effectively through disguises, appliances and body hair.
Electrochemistry in ordered systems. 2. Electrochemical and spectroscopic examination of the interactions between nitrobenzene and anionic, cationic, and nonionic micelles (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry in ordered systems. 2. Electrochemical and spectroscopic examination of the interactions between nitrobenzene and anionic, cationic, and nonionic micellesGregory L. McIntire, Donna Marie Chiappardi, Robert L. Casselberry, and Henry N. BlountCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 14, 2632–2640Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/j100211a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Chemical and Morphological Structure of Transgenic Switchgrass Organosolv Lignin Extracted by Ethanol, Tetrahydrofuran, and γ-Valerolactone Pretreatments (2022)

The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is a challenge in biological-based biorefinery systems due to the complex physicochemical structure of plant cell walls. Pretreatment and genetic modification are two approaches in biomass conversion that have succeeded in modifying the structure of lignocellulose to enable better enzymatic deconstruction. However, the structural differences among pretreatment-solubilized lignin isolated from switchgrass genotypes have not been extensively investigated. Here, three organosolv pretreatment systems─ethanol (EtOH), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and γ-valerolactone (GVL)─were used on wild-type (WT) and two transgenic switchgrasses. All organosolv pretreatments caused a significant reduction in the molecular mass of lignins; particularly, up to ∼90% decrease was observed in EtOH-pretreated lignin compared to untreated lignin. The WT EtOH lignin also presented the smallest particle size among all WT lignins. THF pretreated transgenic lignins showed a higher molecular mass, β-O-4 linkages, and aliphatic hydroxyl content compared to EtOH and GVL pretreated lignin. The number of hydrogen bonds between lignin and the organic solvents calculated from the molecular dynamics simulations followed the same trend as the experimentally determined reduction in lignin molecular mass. The results revealed the structural changes of solubilized lignin isolated from wild-type and transgenic switchgrass after different organosolv pretreatments.
Filamin translocation is an early endothelial cell inflammatory response to bradykinin: regulation by calcium, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases. (1996)

Endothelial cell (EC) cytoskeletal proteins are one of the earliest primary targets of second messenger cascades generated in response to inflammatory agonists. Actin binding proteins, by modulating actin gelation-solation state and membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, in part regulate cell motility and cell-cell apposition. This in turn can also modulate interendothelial junctional diameter and permeability. Nonmuscle filamin (ABP-280), a dimeric actin-crosslinking protein, promotes orthogonal branching of F-actin and links microfilaments to membrane glycoproteins. In the present study, immunoblot analysis demonstrates that filamin protein levels are low in sparse EC cultures, increase once cell-cell contact is initiated and then decrease slightly at post-confluency. Both bradykinin and ionomycin cause filamin redistribution from the peripheral cell border to the cytosol of confluent EC. Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, blocks filamin translocation. Bradykinin activation of EC is not accompanied by significant proteolytic cleavage of filamin. Instead, intact filamin is recycled back to the membrane within 5-10 min of bradykinin stimulation. Inhibitors of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (KT-5926 and KN-62) attenuate bradykinin-induced filamin translocation. H-89, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, causes translocation of filamin in unstimulated cells. Calyculin A, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases, also causes translocation of filamin in the absence of an inflammatory agent. ML-7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase and phorbol myristate acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, do not cause filamin movement into the cytosol, indicating that these pathways do not modulate the translocation. Pharmacological data suggest that filamin translocation is initiated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase whereas the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway prevents translocation. Inflammatory agents therefore may increase vascular junctional permeability by increasing cytoplasmic calcium, which disassembles the microfilament dense peripheral band by releasing filamin from F-actin.
Hybrid Signal Processor for Wideband Radar* (1985)

The signal processing task for radar systems with large instantaneous bandwidth and wide range coverage stresses the throughput rate of conventional digital processors. In this paper, a hybrid analog signal processor for wideband pulse-Doppler radar 1 is described. It offers the potential of a compact, high-throughput processor. In the processor, three types of analog signal processing devices are incorporated. They are: (1) a surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) convolver 2 to perform programmable pulse compression for radar signals with 200-MHz instantaneous bandwidth in order to provide target range information with 0.75-m resolution, (2) optoelectronic sample-and-hold (S/H) circuits 3 to perform the range gating function and the buffering of the sampled data into the Doppler processor, and (3) charge-coupled-device (CCD) matrix-matrix-product (MMP) chips 4 to perform Doppler Fourier analysis in order to provide target velocity information.