gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress concentration factor of FRM by shear-lag theory and its statistical treatment. (1989)

The stress concentration factors in unidirectional fiber reinforced metal matrix composites with random distances between the fibers were simulated based on shear-lag analysis, on the assumption that the shear deformation of the matrix metal adjacent to a broken fiber could be approximately identified as a deformation of the elastic linear hardening plasticity. The results showed that the average value of the stress concentration factor gradually decreased as the applied stress at infinity increased, and gave almost the similar value as that obtained analytically in the case of the constant distances between the fibers. Further, it was shown that the increment in the stress concentration factor was expressed approximately by 2-parameter Weibull distribution, similar to the situation in which the matrix behaved elastically in the vicinity of broken fiber. However, the degree of the variation was extremely small in the former as compared with the latter.
CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF MOVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE USING INERTIAL SENSORS (2015)

Gait impairment is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The assessment of gait and balance in the clinic may not adequately reflect mobility in daily life. It is often reported that patients with PD walk better when they are examined in an outpatient clinic or in a research laboratory than at home. Continuous monitoring of mobility during spontaneous daily activities may provide clinicians and patients with objective measures of the quality of their mobility. We show that continuous monitoring of spontaneous gait with wearable inertial sensors during daily activities is feasible for patients with PD. We tested 13 patients with PD and 8 healthy controls to evaluate the feasibility of using wearable inertial sensors at home for one week. The inertial system successfully detects walking bouts and provides sixteen objective measures that can characterize gait changes in patients with PD.
MODELING ATOMIZATION PROCESSES OF PRESSURE-SWIRL HOLLOW-CONE FUEL SPRAYS (1997)

A sheet spray model is proposed to study the atomization and breakup processes of hollow-cone fuel sprays resulting from pressure-swirl injectors which have potential for use in direct-injection gasoline engines. Atomization is described using a method whereby blobs that represents the liquid sheet outside the injector nozzle are injected with sizes equal to the sheet thickness. Breakup of the blobs and the subsequent drops is modeled using a modified Taylor analogy breakup (TAB) model in which the originally used χ-squared size distribution for the breakup drops is replaced by a Rosin-Rammler distribution for the hollow-cone sprays considered, since the former distribution was found to result in an overestimated population of large drops. The model is implemented in a multidimensional computer code and used to study pressure-swirl atomized sprays. Detailed comparisons of computed and experimentally determined spray characteristics such as spray structures, spray tip penetrations, drop sizes, and their distribution are made, and good levels of agreement are obtained.
Synthesis and Application of Ultrabright Porphyrin Dendrimer Oxygen Sensors (2017)

Tissues deprived of oxygen can develop severe physiological disorders, such as pressure and diabetic ulcers, as well as tissue graft failure. A reliable method to dynamically map and quantify oxygenation would provide a means to detect and prevent these unwanted outcomes for improved patient care.
Spatial resolution of stereopsis (2010)

Spatial resolution for modulations of stereoscopic depth is much worse than resolution for modulations of luminance. Resolution for disparity modulations has been measured with random-dot stereograms (RDS). The sampling pattern of random-dot stimuli constrains the range of spatial frequencies that can be represented. We examined the degree to which the observed low resolution for the detection/discrimination of disparity modulations is caused by stimulus constraints as opposed to neural limitations. Observers viewed RDSs depicting sinusoidal depth corrugations. We measured the highest spatial frequency (Fmax) at which observers could reliably discriminate two corrugation orientations at peak-to-trough amplitude of 16 min disparity. We made the measurements across a broad range of dot densities at different modulation amplitudes. We found that performance is scale-invariant (Fmax is proportional to the square root of density) across 2 log units of dot density. In the scale-invariant range, Fmax is predicted by the 2-d Nyquist limit of the sampling dot pattern (although ideally the task requires far fewer dots than the Nyquist limit). At the highest densities, Fmax reached asymptote at 1–2 cpd. This asymptote corresponded to a disparity gradient of ∼1 (measured from peak to trough, i.e., a peak gradient of nearly 3.14). When the modulation amplitude was reduced by a factor of three, the Fmax asymptote increased to 2–3 cpd (corresponding to the peak-to-trough disparity gradients of 0.35–0.55). Improving the optical quality of the stimuli led to a further slight improvement in Fmax in some observers, but all observers exhibited asymptotes up to ∼3.5 cpd. Thus, three factors limit spatial resolution to disparity modulations: sampling density, the disparity gradient, and another factor at high dot densities that probably reflects spatial averaging required to reduce noise from false matches in the correspondence process.
The Partition Coefficient as a Predictor of Local Anesthetic Potency for Spinal Anesthesia (1994)

Local anesthetic partition coefficients correlate with drug potencies in vitro, but in vivo data have not always complimented in vitro results. Despite extensive studies on intrathecal anesthetic action, whether there is correlation between the partition coefficient and local anesthetic potency has not been addressed. Mice (n = 150) were randomly allocated into 15 groups. Intrathecal injections of etidocaine (E), tetracaine (T), bupivacaine (B), lidocaine (L), or procaine (P) were administered and analgetic effect was measured using tail-flick (TF) test. Concentration-response regressions were constructed for each drug; EC50 values were calculated and compared at 95% confidence intervals. The EC50 values between E (0.017%), T (0.019%), and B (0.012%) were not significantly variant. The EC50 of L (0.098%) and P (0.229%) were significantly different from each other and from E, T, and B. The EC50 values were converted to ED50 in nmols. Relative anesthetic potency, defined as the inverse value of ED50 of drug was 23:16:15:2.4:1 for B, E, T, L, and P, respectively. ED50 showed high correlation (R = 0.978) with partition coefficients of local anesthetics. This study implies that the partition coefficient is a predictor of intrathecal local anesthetic potency. We suggest that the mouse model is reliable for evaluation of intrathecal local anesthetic action.
Automatically Repairing Network Control Planes Using an Abstract Representation (2017)

The forwarding behavior of computer networks is governed by the configuration of distributed routing protocols and access filters---collectively known as the network control plane. Unfortunately, control plane configurations are often buggy, causing networks to violate important policies: e.g., specific traffic classes (defined in terms of source and destination endpoints) should always be able to reach their destination, or always traverse a waypoint. Manually repairing these configurations is daunting because of their inter-twined nature across routers, traffic classes, and policies.
Supplementary Table from Blocking PI3K p110β Attenuates Development of PTEN-Deficient Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table from Blocking PI3K p110β Attenuates Development of PTEN-Deficient Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
An Architecture for Wireless Simulation in NS-2 Applied to Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wide Band Networks EPFL Technical Report LCA-REPORT-2006-128 (2006)

We present an architecture for implementing a wireless physical layer in a packet-based network simulator. We integrate this architecture in the popular ns-2 network simulator and use it to implement an impulse-radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB) physical layer. Contrary to the current wireless physical layer implementation of ns-2, in our case a packet is fully received by our physical layer before being delivered to the MAC layer. A packet detection and timing acquisition model has been implemented. Furthermore, for each packet, a packet error rate (PER) can be computed as a function of the received power, interference from concurrent transmissions, and thermal noise. This architecture is quite generic and allows for the simulation of any physical layer where an accurate model of interference is of high importance, e.g., IR-UWB or CDMA. Our implementation for IR-UWB takes into account transmissions with different time-hopping sequences (THS). The underlying modulation is binary phase shift keying (BPSK), followed by a variable-rate channel code. Our implementation is the first available that allows for the simulation of IR-UWB networks. It is modular and can thus be easily modified and extended.
Conserved Residues Control Activation of Mammalian G Protein-Coupled Odorant Receptors (2015)

Odorant receptor (OR) genes and proteins represent more than 2% of our genome and 4% of our proteome and constitute the largest subgroup of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The mechanism underlying OR activation remains poorly understood, as they do not share some of the highly conserved motifs critical for activation of non-olfactory GPCRs. By combining site-directed mutagenesis, heterologous expression, and molecular dynamics simulations that capture the conformational change of constitutively active mutants, we tentatively identified crucial residues for the function of these receptors using the mouse MOR256-3 (Olfr124) as a model. The toggle switch for sensing agonists involves a highly conserved tyrosine residue in helix VI. The ionic lock is located between the "DRY" motif in helix III and a positively charged "R/K" residue in helix VI. This study provides an unprecedented model that captures the main mechanisms of odorant receptor activation.
Lithium-Ion Transport at Electrolyte/Electrode Interface Visualized By Nanoscale Meniscus Cell Microscope (2014)

Towards the establishment of low-carbon emission society, one urgent issue is to standardize an efficient method to store unused energy. A promised candidate is an electrochemical storage such as lithium-ion batteries. However, it is still hindered as a major problem that the lithium-ion batteries do not conduct with sufficiently high energies capabilities and stable operational cycles. In particular, it is remained as an inefficient barrier of the lithium-ion (de)intercalation at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. It is therefore necessary to determine a crucial factor which influence to the homogeneity in ion transport across the interface by in-situ measurement with nanometer resolution. In this study, the homogeneity in local ion transport of LiFePO 4 thin electrodes is investigated by a nanoscale meniscus cell microscope (NMCM). It is a newly established scanning probe microscopy with a nano-size pipet with electrolyte and a reference-electrode. 1 As the pipet is in proximity of the LiFePO 4 electrode, a meniscus is created. Then, ionic current is only measured through the meniscus when the voltage is applied between reference and LiFePO 4 electrodes, as shown in Figure 1(a). When the pipet is scanned through the interface in nanometer step, a mapping of the ion current distribution in lithium (de)intercalation is obtained with topographical information in Figure 1 (b). Further, as the pipet was pinned at specific area, it allows us to study the localized ion transport by cyclic voltammetry or charge /discharge process. This new analytic technique will reveal a bottleneck of the ion transport in the materials. leading to the creation of electrode with homogeneous ion transport. Reference: (1) Y. Takahashi, et al ., under review.
Trust Management Tools (2011)

After entering the realm of computing over a decade ago, the term trust management has evolved to encompass many concepts and mechanisms that bring it closer to its intuitive interpretation. This chapter will outline the evolution and present the catalyst(s) for each phase in its metamorphosis. In each stage, trust management tools were constructed to showcase the current understanding in the field. These tools will be discussed and their strengths, domains of application, and scope for improvement presented. The foundation of trust management technology can be found in security notions, for example credentials, in mathematical computation and in formal (and informal) reputation models. Each of these categories and their hybrids will be highlighted. This chapter should leave the reader with (1) a holistic view of the trust management problem, (2) a clear differentiation of trust management from other fields (and terms) in the computer security arena, and (3) knowledge of the appropriate domain of usage for each system.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Electrical and thermal conduction in ultra-thin freestanding atomic layer deposited W nanobridges (2015)

Work presented here measures and interprets the electrical and thermal conductivities of atomic layer deposited (ALD) free-standing single film and periodic tungsten and aluminum oxide nanobridges with thicknesses from ∼5-20 nm and ∼3-13 nm, respectively. Electrical conductivity of the W films is reduced by up to 99% from bulk, while thermal conductivity is reduced by up to 91%. Results indicate phonon contribution to thermal conductivity is dominant in these ALD films and may be substantially reduced by the incorporation of periodicity in the ALD W/Al2O3 nanolaminates. Additionally, thin film conduction modeling demonstrates nano-structured grain features largely dictate electron and phonon conduction in ALD W. New fabrication methods have allowed for the development of free-standing ultra-thin structures with layers on the order of several nanometers utilizing ALD. While the literature contains diverse studies of the physical properties of thin films prepared by traditional micro-fabrication sputtering or chemical vapor deposition techniques, there remains little data on freestanding structures containing ALD generated materials. Specifically, knowledge of the electrical and thermal conductivity of ALD generated materials will aid in the future development of ultra-thin nano-devices.
Targeted inactivation of p53 in human cells does not result in aneuploidy. (2002)

Because p53 mutation and aneuploidy usually coexist, it has been suggested that p53 inactivation leads to aneuploidy. We have rigorously tested this hypothesis in diploid human cell lines in which p53 was experimentally inactivated by targeted homologous recombination. Cells completely deficient in p53 did not become aneuploid, although a slight tendency toward tetraploidization was observed. No increased rates of numerical or structural chromosomal instabilities were observed in the p53-deficient cells. Rates of sister chromatid exchange and homologous recombination were also unaffected by p53 status. These results show that inactivation of p53 does not, in and of itself, lead to the development of aneuploidy.
Pathogenicity and transmissibility of reassortant H9 influenza viruses with genes from pandemic H1N1 virus (2012)

Both H9N2 avian influenza and 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses (pH1N1) are able to infect humans and swine, which has raised concerns that novel reassortant H9 viruses with pH1N1 genes might be generated in these hosts by reassortment. Although previous studies have demonstrated that reassortant H9 viruses with pH1N1 genes show increased virulence in mice and transmissibility in ferrets, the virulence and transmissibility of reassortant H9 viruses in natural hosts such as chickens and swine remain unknown. This study generated two reassortant H9 viruses (H9N2/CA09 and H9N1/CA09) in the background of the pH1N1 A/California/04/2009 (CA09) virus by replacing either both the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes or only the HA gene with the respective genes from the A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/1997 (H9N2) virus and evaluated their replication, pathogenicity and transmission in chickens and pigs compared with the parental viruses. Chickens that were infected with the parental H9N2 and reassortant H9 viruses seroconverted. The parental H9N2 and reassortant H9N2/CA09 viruses were transmitted to sentinel chickens, but H9N1/CA09 virus was not. The parental H9N2 replicated poorly and was not transmitted in pigs, whereas both H9N2/CA09 and H9N1/CA09 viruses replicated and were transmitted efficiently in pigs, similar to the pH1N1 virus. These results demonstrated that reassortant H9 viruses with pH1N1 genes show enhanced replication and transmissibility in pigs compared with the parental H9N2 virus, indicating that they may pose a threat for humans if such reassortants arise in swine.
Totem-Pole Power-Factor-Correction Converter under Critical-Conduction-Mode Interleaved Operation (2010)

This paper proposes a new power-factor-correction (PFC) topology, and explains its operation principle, its control mechanism, related application problems followed by experimental results. In this proposed topology, critical-conduction-mode (CRM) interleaved technique is applied to a bridgeless PFC in order to achieve high efficiency by combining benefits of each topology. This application is targeted toward low to middle power applications that normally employs continuous-conduction-mode boost converter.
Biometric Systems Private by Design: Reasoning about privacy properties\n of biometric system architectures (2017)

This work aims to show the applicability, and how, of privacy by design\napproach to biometric systems and the benefit of using formal methods to this\nend. Starting from a general framework that has been introduced at STM in 2014,\nthat enables to define privacy architectures and to formally reason about their\nproperties, we explain how it can be adapted to biometrics. The choice of\nparticular techniques and the role of the components (central server, secure\nmodule, biometric terminal, smart card, etc.) in the architecture have a strong\nimpact on the privacy guarantees provided by a biometric system. In the\nliterature, some architectures have already been analysed in some way. However,\nthe existing proposals were made on a case by case basis, which makes it\ndifficult to compare them and to provide a rationale for the choice of specific\noptions. In this paper, we describe, on different architectures with various\nlevels of protection, how a general framework for the definition of privacy\narchitectures can be used to specify the design options of a biometric systems\nand to reason about them in a formal way.\n
Clinical efficacy and tolerability of new non-freon aerosol of troventol in asthma (2005)

The study was designed to assess clinical efficacy and tolerability of new non-freon aerosol of troventol. The study involved 20 patients (4 males and 16 females) with intermittent or mild persistent stable asthma aged 22 to 67 yrs, the average age, 44.3 ± 11.1 (М ± SD). Anticholinergic effect of troventol was assessed under a single inhalation of the drug (the acute test) which was the 1-st stage of the study, and after long-term (4 wks) treatment which was the 2-nd stage. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by Borg's scoring of cough and dyspnoea, lung and heart auscultation, need in short-acting beta-2-agonists. The acute test included the metacholine challenge test before and 3 hrs after inhalation of 80 mcg of troventol or placebo. The long-term treatment stage included the metacholine challenge test before and in 4 weeks of daily inhalations of 160 mcg of troventol. As a result, the new non-freon aerosol of troventol demonstrated distinct brochodilating and anticholinergic effects which significantly differed from placebo in patients with intermittent or mild persistent stable asthma. Being administered for a long period (4 wks) the drug improved cough and dyspnoea and reduced the need in short-acting beta-agonists while bronchial airflow parameters did not change considerably. There were no adverse events of the therapy during the study.
Influenza‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy with unbalanced von Willebrand factor and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 levels in a heterozygous protein S‐deficient boy (2016)

Influenza infections often cause pneumonia, but there is limited information on thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in these circumstances. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy who developed TMA during the acute phase of H1N1 influenza. Plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) was elevated, whereas a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) activity was mildly reduced in the absence of ADAMTS13-neutralizing autoantibody, resulting in low ratio of ADAMTS13 to VWF. The patient was treated intensively, including plasma exchange, and he recovered from the TMA. He developed pulmonary embolism (PE), however, after removal of the central venous catheter. The findings suggested that influenza-associated cytokines enhanced the release of unusually large VWF multimers from vascular endothelial cells and promoted the formation of platelet thrombi and TMA. Subsequent analysis further indicated the presence of familial protein S deficiency, and it seemed likely that the PE was more related to this heterozygous protein S defect.
ZMIENNOŚĆ WSPÓ£CZYNNIKA FILTRACJI W ZALEŻNOŚCI OD SPADKU HYDRAULICZNEGO NA PRZYKŁADZIE BADAŃ GLIN Z MIEJSCOWOŚCI RÓŻANKA (2011)

VARIABILITY OF THE PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT DEPENDING ON HYDRAULIC GRADIENT EXEMPLIFIED BY GLACIAL TILLS FROM ROŻANKA Abstract. The paper focuses on the problems of determining the permeability coefficient, one of the important criteria for selecting the ground as a sealing material. The research program included three series of measurements of the permeability coefficient on samples from North-Polish complex till, using different conditions of stress and hydraulic gradient. The results show a considerable variability of the coefficient depending on the studied conditions, which indicates the need for research to clarify the existing guidelines for permeability studies.
cGMP modulates stem cells differentiation to neurons in brain in vivo pathological implications (2011)

During brain development there is a strict control of the proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural stem cells to different cell types. Alterations in the control of these processes may result in altered balance in the formation of different cell types resulting in a long-lasting impairment of cerebral processes. This occurs for example if brain is exposed to alcohol during key stages of development which results in accelerated glial cells formation, impaired neuron formation and impaired cognitive function.

The molecular mechanisms modulating differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons or non neuronal cells are not well known. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a relevant role in this process. NO increases the activity of soluble guanylate cyclase and is a main modulator of cGMP levels in brain. It has been proposed that cGMP-mediated NO signalling may be involved in the early differentiation events of embryonic stem cells. If this is the case, pathological situations in which the production of cGMP is altered during brain development could lead to altered differentiation of stem cells to neurons or glial cells, resulting in cognitive impairment in the children. Moreover, normalizing cGMP levels in these situations could prevent the alterations in neural stem cells differentiation and cognitive impairment.