gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a high-quality oat production chain for human consumption (2004)

The European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund financed a 3-year project 'The Development of Competence for Oat Production in Satakunta', in which an integrated cultivation and processing chain for high-quality oats and oat products was developed. The objective was to achieve production of high- -glucan oats and oat products with minimum levels of toxic compounds. About 150 farmers sent oat samples and cultivation registers including information on soil nutrients, fertilization, sowing, rainfall and harvest data. The -glucan content and quality of the samples were measured and the toxic compounds cadmium, mycotoxins and pesticides were analysed. In addition, the Falling number of the oat samples, molecular mass of the -glucan and viscosity of the oat cultivars were determined. The? -glucan level was dependent mostly on cultivar and climate. The Falling number and vis-cosity behaviour indicated the quality of the -glucan. In Finnish oat cultivars the differences in molecular mass of the -glucan were small. The Falling number levels of the good-quality Finnish oat cultivars varied only slightly. The Falling number is considered as one of the most important oat purchasing criteria. The cadmium contents of approved oat cultivars were well below the limit of 100 g/kg. The mycotoxin levels were very low and no mycotoxins were found to concentrate in any of product fractions during processing. Only one pesticide, clopyralid, was found among the oat samples. The use of clopyralid-containing pesticides is now prohibited during cultivation. The approved oat cultivars were chosen according to their high -glucan and low cadmium levels. For example, the oat cultivars Salo and Virma are not acceptable for NATUREAL Oat Bran production due to their high levels of cadmium. Cultivation instructions were developed and farmers were educated in the techniques of high-quality oat production using the analysis results of their own samples.
Vitamin A Enhances in Vitro Th2 Development Via Retinoid X Receptor Pathway (2002)

Vitamin A deficiency diminishes Th2-mediated Ab responses, and high-level dietary vitamin A or treatment with the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) enhances such responses. To identify a potential mechanism(s) underlying this in vivo activity of vitamin A, we examined the effects of all-trans and 9-cis RA on development of Th1 and Th2 cell populations using in vitro stimulation of Ag-naive Th0 cells from the DO11.10 TCR-transgenic mouse. Treatment with 9-cis, but not with all-trans RA, at primary stimulation strongly enhanced Th2 development. IL-4-neutralizing Ab blocked this activity, but IL-12- and IFN-gamma-neutralizing Ab did not. Because 9-cis RA regulates gene transcription via either RA receptors or retinoid X receptors (RXRs), we tested the Th2-enhancing activities of the RXR- and RA receptor-selective agonists AGN194204 and 4-((E)-2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid (TTNPB). AGN194204 strongly enhanced Th2 development, whereas TTNPB did not. This RXR agonist also enhanced Th2 development when purified, naive Th0 cells (L-selectin(high)/CD4(+)) were stimulated with CD3 and CD28 Abs in the absence of APCs. During primary antigenic stimulation of naive Th0 cells from DO11.10 mice, AGN194204 increased IL-4 and IL-5 production, decreased IFN-gamma production, increased mRNA in responding T cells for genes involved in Th2 development (IL-4, GATA-3, and c-maf), and decreased mRNA for genes involved in Th1 development (IFN-gamma, T-bet, and IL-12R). These data show that stimulation of the RXR pathway enhances Th2 development, perhaps by affecting the relative expression of pertinent transcription factors, cytokines, and cytokine receptors.
Safety and effectiveness of albutrepenonacog alfa in Japanese patients with hemophilia B: Interim report of a post-marketing surveillance study (2022)

Albutrepenonacog alfaは半減期の延長，投与回数の減少を目的に開発された遺伝子組換え血液凝固第IX因子アルブミン融合タンパク質製剤で，本邦で2016年に承認された．本論文は，本剤の投与を受けた血友病B患者を対象とした使用成績調査の4年時の中間報告である．安全性解析対象（68名）における観察期間中の本剤の使用理由（重複あり）は，定期補充療法が64名，出血時補充が27名，周術期止血管理が5名，その他が13名であった．5名8件の周術期止血管理に本剤が使用されたが，8件中6件の周術期投与では1回の投与で止血可能であった．観察期間中に新たな安全性の懸念は認められなかった．6か月以上本剤による定期補充療法を継続した定期補充療法有効性解析対象（41名）では，定期補充療法開始後6か月時点の全出血回数中央値は0回で，同時点で24名（58.5％）が7日間隔で投与を受けていた．
Resilient Network Coding in the Presence of (2007)

Network coding substantially increases network throughput. But since it involves mixing of information inside the network, a single corrupted packet generated by a malicious node can end up contaminating all the information reaching a destination, preventing decoding. This paper introduces the first distributed polynomial-time rateoptimal network codes that work in the presence of Byzantine nodes. We present algorithms that target adversaries with different attacking capabilities. When the adversary can eavesdrop on all links and jam zO links , our first algorithm achieves a rate of C − 2zO ,w hereC is the network capacity. In contrast, when the adversary has limited snooping capabilities, we provide algorithms that achieve the higher rate of C − zO. Our algorithms attain the optimal rate given the strength of the adversary. They are information-theoretically secure. They operate in a distributed manner, assume no knowledge of the topology, and can be designed and implemented in polynomialtime. Furthermore, only the source and destination need to be modified; non-malicious nodes inside the network are oblivious to the presence of adversaries and implement a classical distributed network code. Finally, our algorithms work over wired and wireless networks.
Electron cooling of 8-GeV antiprotons at Fermilab's Recycler: Results and operational implications (2006)

Electron cooling of 8 GeV antiprotons at Fermilab's Recycler storage ring is now routinely used in the collider operation. It requires a 0.1-0.5 A, 4.3 MeV dc electron beam and is designed to increase the longitudinal phase-space density of the circulating antiproton beam. This paper briefly describes the characteristics of the electron beam that were achieved to successfully cool antiprotons. Then, results from various cooling force measurements along with comparison to a nonmagnetized model are presented. Finally, operational aspects of the implementation of electron cooling at the Recycler are discussed, such as adjustments to the cooling rate and the influence of the electron beam on the antiproton beam lifetime.
ChemInform Abstract: Ribonuclease A. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of dyes: from single molecules to the artists’ canvas (2009)

This perspective presents recent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) studies of dyes, with applications to the fields of single-molecule spectroscopy and art conservation. First we describe the development and outlook of single-molecule SERS (SMSERS). Rather than providing an exhaustive review of the literature, SMSERS experiments that we consider essential for its future development are emphasized. Shifting from single-molecule to ensemble-averaged experiments, we describe recent efforts toward SERS analysis of colorants in precious artworks. Our intention is to illustrate through these examples that the forward development of SERS is dependent upon both fundamental (e.g., SMSERS) and applied (e.g., on-the-specimen SERS of historical art objects) investigations and that the future of SERS is very bright indeed.
Mechanisms of Heart Failure (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Neural Adaptations Humoral Adaptations LV Remodeling Molecular and Cellular Adaptations Key References References
Fluorescence multicolor hologram recorded by using a macrolens array (2008)

We present a new efficient method for obtaining multicolor digital Fresnel holograms of three-dimensional (3-D) objects emitting incoherent fluorescent light. For each emitted fluorescent light wavelength, a single monochromatic digital modified Fresnel hologram of the 3-D scene is generated. Using a macrolens array, only nine projections of the 3-D scene are captured in a single camera shot and are then digitally processed to yield the hologram. The 3-D reconstructed images from all the monochromatic holograms are composed into a single multicolor image of the 3-D scene. The proposed holographic technique is demonstrated by experiments.
Control of a Modular Multilevel Converter STATCOM under internal and external unbalances (2016)

This paper develops a complete control scheme for the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) in a STATCOM application. The focus is laid on the internal balancing of the converter and its reliable operation under internal mismatches as well as under external unbalanced conditions. The leg energy controller ensures that the sum of the capacitor voltages of each phase are equal. An intuitive arm energy controller is also implemented which allows the decoupled control of the energy levels of every arm. The control performance of the STATCOM was evaluated under asymmetrical grid faults and the simulation results verified the capability to provide maximum reactive power to the AC grid while maintaining internal balance through the individual control of each arm energy level.
Transforming granular plasticity through particle shape (2018)

When an amorphous granular material is strained beyond the point of yielding it enters a state of continual reconfiguration via dissipative, avalanche-like slip events that relieve built-up local stress. We report on systematic experiments that probe how the statistics of such events depend on particle shape. In these experiments columns of granular material, confined under constant pressure boundary conditions, are uniaxially compressed by controlled strain, while stress is measured and internal rearrangements are imaged with x-rays. To characterize the observed stress fluctuations in a model-independent manner, we introduce a quantity from economic theory, volatility, as a powerful new tool. Packings of flatter, more oblate shapes exhibit catastrophic plastic deformation events and thus high volatility, while rounder and also prolate shapes produce lower volatility. For all 22 investigated shapes the magnitude $s$ of relaxation events is well-fit by a truncated power law distribution of the form $P(s)\sim {s}^{-\tau} exp(-s/s^*)$, as has been proposed within the context of plasticity models. The power law exponent $\tau$ for all shapes tested clusters around $\tau=$ 1.5, within experimental uncertainty covering the range 1.3 - 1.7. The shape independence of $\tau$ and its compatibility with mean field results indicates that the granularity of the system, but not particle shape, modifies the stress redistribution after a slip event away from that of continuum elasticity. On the other hand, the volatility exhibits a pronounced shape dependence, with $s^*$ changing by two orders of magnitude. We argue that this is a signature of how particle surfaces come together, as dictated by particle shape.
The nucleation of receptor-mediated endocytosis. (1996)

A theory of the mechanical origins of receptor-mediated endocytosis shows that a spontaneous membrane complex formation can provide the stimulus for a local membrane motion toward the cytosol. This motion is identified with a nucleation stage of receptor-mediated endocytosis. When membrane complexes cluster, membrane deformation is predicted to be most rapid. The rate of growth of membrane depressions depends upon the relative rates of approach of aqueous cytosolic and extracellular fluids toward the cell membrane. With cytosolic and extracellular media characterized by apparent viscosities, the rate of growth of membrane depressions is predicted to increase as the extracellular viscosity nears the apparent viscosity of the cytosol and then to decrease when the extracellular viscosity exceeds that of the cytosol. To determine whether these trends would be apparent in the overall endocytosis rate constant, an experimental study of transferrin-mediated endocytosis in two different cell lines was conducted. The experimental results reveal the same dependence of internalization rate on extracellular viscosity as predicted by the theory. These and other comparisons with experimental data suggest that the nucleation stage of receptor-mediated endocytosis is important in the overall endocytosis process.
MEK inhibitor, TAK-733 reduces proliferation, affects cell cycle and apoptosis, and synergizes with other targeted therapies in multiple myeloma (2016)

MEK inhibitor, TAK-733 reduces proliferation, affects cell cycle and apoptosis, and synergizes with other targeted therapies in multiple myeloma
Holistic metrology approach: hybrid metrology utilizing scatterometry, critical dimension-atomic force microscope and critical dimension-scanning electron microscope (2011)

Shrinking design rules and reduced process tolerances require tight control of critical dimension (CD) linewidth, feature shape, and profile of the printed geometry. The holistic metrology approach consists of utilizing all available information from different sources such as data from other toolsets, multiple optical channels, multiple targets, etc., to optimize metrology recipe and improve measurement performance. Various in-line CD metrology toolsets such as scatterometry optical CD, CD-SEM, and CD-AFM are typically utilized individually in fabs. Each of these toolsets has its own set of limitations that are intrinsic to specific measurement technique and algorithm. Here we define "hybrid metrology" to be the use of any two or more metrology toolsets in combination to measure the same dataset. We demonstrate the benefits of the hybrid metrology on two test structures: 22-nm-node gate develop inspect and 32-nm-node fin-shaped field effect transistor gate final inspect. We will cover measurement results obtained using typical BKM (nonhybrid, single toolset standard results) as well as those obtained by utilizing the hybrid metrology approach. Measurement performance will be compared using standard metrology metrics; for example, accuracy and precision.
Acute Stress Induces Hyperacusis in Women with High Levels of Emotional Exhaustion (2013)

Women with high levels of emotional exhaustion become more sensitive to sound after an acute stress task. This novel finding highlights the importance of including emotional exhaustion in the diagnosis and treatment of hearing problems.
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy: Part I. Instrumentation and Spectral Interpretation (1996)

Until recently only low molecular weight, volatile compounds were amenable to analysis by conventional mass spectrometric methods. Most larger species simply could not be promoted into the gas phase without substantial degradation and/or fragmentation. Since Fenn and coworkers first introduced electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) as a viable analytical technique, the field of (bio)analytical mass spectrometry has seen explosive growth. ESI-MS is now one of the most widely utilized and fastest growing mass spectrometric techniques for the analysis of bimolecular species. This article is intended to introduce the theory, principles, and instrumentation of ESI-MS to teachers, researchers, and future researchers with a rudimentary knowledge of ion formation, separation, and detection processes.
Intratumor injection of small interfering RNA-targeting human papillomavirus 18 E6 and E7 successfully inhibits the growth of cervical cancer (2006)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 18 is related not only to squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, but also to adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the cervix, in which prognosis is known to be poor. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets HPV18 E6 and E7 was tested in HPV18-positive cell lines to investigate its effect and investigate its mechanism of action. Nude mice were also tested in a combination of siRNA and atelocollagen to determine whether it might be useful as a new molecule-targeting therapy for cervical cancer. siRNAs targeting HPV18 E6 and E7 were transfected into cervical cancer cells in vitro and they were investigated for cell growth inhibition, expression of E6 and E7 mRNA, expression of retinoblastoma protein, and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining. Sequence-specific siRNA inhibited cell growth. Decreased expression of E6 and E7 mRNA followed with E7 protein was observed in the transfected cells, but the expression of retinoblastoma protein and the beta-galactosidase staining increased, suggesting cell growth inhibitory effect through senescence. Treatment of xenografts established from SKG-II cells with siRNA specific for E6 and E7 obviously suppressed tumor growth in vivo. These results indicate that atelocollagen-mediated delivery of siRNA HPV18 E6 and E7 can be used as a novel therapeutic approach for cervical cancer.
Control of thermal radiation in metal hole array structures formed by anisotropic anodic etching of Al (2018)

An efficient preparation process for Al hole array structures emitting wavelength-selective thermal radiation that is based on the anisotropic anodic etching of Al was demonstrated. The formation of an ordered hole array was achieved by a masking process prior to the anodic etching. The present process allows the preparation of large samples because the masking of the Al foil has a high throughput owing to the simple printing process using a flexible stamp. The thermal radiation properties of the Al hole array could be controlled by adjusting the depth and aperture size of the holes.
History and rationale for continuous renal replacement therapy (2009)

Abstract Chapter 2 covers history and rationale for continuous renal replacement therapy, including medical demand/necessity for CRRT, and chronology and cornerstones of CRRT.
Collaborative framework for PIV uncertainty quantification: comparative assessment of methods (2015)

A posteriori uncertainty quantification of particle image velocimetry (PIV) data is essential to obtain accurate estimates of the uncertainty associated with a given experiment. This is particularly relevant when measurements are used to validate computational models or in design and decision processes. In spite of the importance of the subject, the first PIV uncertainty quantification (PIV-UQ) methods have been developed only in the last three years. The present work is a comparative assessment of four approaches recently proposed in the literature: the uncertainty surface method (Timmins et al 2012), the particle disparity approach (Sciacchitano et al 2013), the peak ratio criterion (Charonko and Vlachos 2013) and the correlation statistics method (Wieneke 2015). The analysis is based upon experiments conducted for this specific purpose, where several measurement techniques are employed simultaneously. The performances of the above approaches are surveyed across different measurement conditions and flow regimes.
Distributed Average Consensus in Sensor Networks with Random Link Failures (2007)

We study the impact of the topology of a sensor network on distributed average consensus algorithms when the network links fail at random. We derive convergence results. In particular, we determine a sufficient condition for mean-square convergence of the distributed average consensus algorithm in terms of a moment of the distribution of the norm of a function of the network graph Laplacian matrix L (which is a random matrix, because the network links are random.) Further, because the computation of this moment involves costly simulations, we relate the mean-square convergence to the second eigenvalue of the mean Laplacian matrix, λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (L̅), which is much easier to compute. We derive bounds on the convergence rate of the algorithm, which show that both the expected algebraic connectivity of the network, E[λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (L)], and λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (L̅) play an important role in determining the actual convergence rate. Specifically, larger values of E[λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (L)] or λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (L̅) lead to better convergence rates. Finally, we provide numerical studies that verify the analytical results.
Enzymes converting procollagens to collagens (1985)

Conversion from procollagen to collagen is a specific process that is a requirement for proper alignment of collagen molecules to form functional fibers. This process is catalyzed by at least three structurally and functionally distinct enzymes cleaving collagen types I-III. The cleavage processes possibly taking place in the more recently discovered collagen types are not known to any extent at this time. Two amino-terminal proteinases, one cleaving type I and type II procollagens and the other cleaving type III procollagen, have been purified close to homogeneity, and the more unspecific activity of carboxy-terminal proteinase has been isolated from several tissues. In our experimental model, however, cleavage of the carboxy-terminal propeptides of types I and III procollagen is differently affected by lysine. This suggests the presence of at least two distinct enzymes for the removal of carboxyl-terminal propeptides. The regulation of the reaction process from procollagen to collagen is not well known at present. The importance of the phenomenon in terms of fibril formation, however, is demonstrated by several elegant studies in vitro; and certain genetic disorders in which this process is defective demonstrate the significance in vivo. Moreover, the factors shown to effect the cleavage process may be potentially beneficial in the treatment of the pathological processes with abnormal collagen accumulation such as fibrosis. In this paper we briefly review the current knowledge of the converting enzymes, including some very recent findings of our laboratory as well as the evidence presented for the biological significance of the conversion process.
Transcriptome and ultrastructural changes in dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa resemble skin aging (2015)

The aging process of skin has been investigated recently with respect to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. We have here observed striking phenotypic and clinical similarity between skin aging and recessive dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), which is caused by recessive mutations in the gene coding for collagen VII,COL7A1. Ultrastructural changes, defects in wound healing, and inflammation markers are in part shared with aged skin. We have here compared the skin transcriptomes of young adults suffering from RDEB with that of sex- and age-matched healthy probands. In parallel we have compared the skin transcriptome of healthy young adults with that of elderly healthy donors. Quite surprisingly, there was a large overlap of the two gene lists that concerned a limited number of functional protein families. Most prominent among the proteins found are a number of proteins of the cornified envelope or proteins mechanistically involved in cornification and other skin proteins. Further, the overlap list contains a large number of genes with a known role in inflammation. We are documenting some of the most prominent ultrastructural and protein changes by immunofluorescence analysis of skin sections from patients, old individuals, and healthy controls.