gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Free Shear Layers (1981)

A STUDY has been performed to derive a threshold criterion for the existence of turbulence in a shear layer, and to see if such a threshold is useful in predicting transition onset in such a flow. This approach has already given satisfactory results in wake flows. As in the latter case, the present work is based on the existence of a minimum turbulence Reynolds number, and derives numerical results by utilizing established magnitudes of turbulence properties in the turbulent shear layer. Transition Reynolds numbers are predicted as a function of speed ratio, total temperature ratio, and Mach number jumps across the layer. New experiments are described in which free shear-layer transition was measured and, within an observed unit Reynolds-number effect, was found to parallel the predictions quite well.
Cell Association and Interference Coordination in Heterogeneous LTE-A Cellular Networks (2010)

Embedding pico/femto base-stations and relay nodes in a macro-cellular network is a promising method for achieving substantial gains in coverage and capacity compared to macro-only networks. These new types of base-stations can operate on the same wireless channel as the macro-cellular network, providing higher spatial reuse via cell splitting. However, these base-stations are deployed in an unplanned manner, can have very different transmit powers, and may not have traffic aggregation among many users. This could potentially result in much higher interference magnitude and variability. Hence, such deployments require the use of innovative cell association and inter-cell interference coordination techniques in order to realize the promised capacity and coverage gains. In this paper, we describe new paradigms for design and operation of such heterogeneous cellular networks. Specifically, we focus on cell splitting, range expansion, semi-static resource negotiation on third-party backhaul connections, and fast dynamic interference management for QoS via over-the-air signaling. Notably, our methodologies and algorithms are simple, lightweight, and incur extremely low overhead. Numerical studies show that they provide large gains over currently used methods for cellular networks.
Covalently Bound Hole-Injecting Nanostructures. Systematics of Molecular Architecture, Thickness, Saturation, and Electron-Blocking Characteristics on Organic Light-Emitting Diode Luminance, Turn-on Voltage, and Quantum Efficiency (2005)

Hole transporting materials are widely used in multilayer organic and polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs, PLEDs, respectively) and are indispensable if device electroluminescent response and durability are to be truly optimized. This contribution analyzes the relative effects of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) anode-hole transporting layer (HTL) contact versus the intrinsic HTL materials properties on OLED performance. Two siloxane-based HTL materials, N,N'-bis(p-trichlorosilylpropyl)-naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB-Si(2)) and 4,4'-bis[(p-trichlorosilylpropylphenyl)phenylamino]biphenyl (TPD-Si(2)), are designed and synthesized. They have the same hole transporting triarylamine cores as conventional HTL materials such as 1,4-bis(1-naphthylphenylamino)biphenyl (NPB) and N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1-biphenyl)-4,4-diamine (TPD), respectively. However, they covalently bind to the ITO anode, forming anode-HTL contacts that are intrinsically different from those of the anode to TPD and NPB. Applied to archetypical tris(8-hydroxyquinolato)aluminum(III) (Alq)-based OLEDs as (1) the sole HTLs or (2) anode-NPB HTL interlayers, NPB-Si(2) and TPD-Si(2) enhance device electroluminescent response significantly versus comparable devices based on NPB alone. In the first case, OLEDs with 36 000 cd/m(2) luminance, 1.6% forward external quantum efficiency (eta(ext)), and 5 V turn-on voltages are achieved, affording a 250% increase in luminance and approximately 50% reduction in turn-on voltage, as compared to NPB-based devices. In the second case, even more dramatic enhancement is observed (64 000 cd/m(2) luminance; 2.3% eta(ext); turn-on voltages as low as 3.5 V). The importance of the anode-HTL material contact is further explored by replacing NPB with saturated hydrocarbon siloxane monolayers that covalently bind to the anode, without sacrificing device performance (30 000 cd/m(2) luminance; 2.0% eta(ext); 4.0 V turn-on voltage). These results suggest new strategies for developing OLED hole transporting structures.
Analysis of saccular aneurysms in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (2017)

OBJECTIVE The Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT) is a prospective, randomized trial in which treatment with clipping was compared to treatment with coil embolization. Patients were randomized to treatment on presentation with any nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because all other randomized trials comparing these 2 types of treatments have been limited to saccular aneurysms, the authors analyzed the current BRAT data for this subgroup of lesions. METHODS The primary BRAT analysis included all sources of SAH: nonaneurysmal lesions; saccular, blister, fusiform, and dissecting aneurysms; and SAHs from an aneurysm associated with either an arteriovenous malformation or a fistula. In this post hoc review, the outcomes for the subgroup of patients with saccular aneurysms were further analyzed by type of treatment. The extent of aneurysm obliteration was adjudicated by an independent neuroradiologist not involved in treatment. RESULTS Of the 471 patients enrolled in the BRAT, 362 (77%) had an SAH from a saccular aneurysm. Patients with saccular aneurysms were assigned equally to the clipping and the coiling cohorts (181 each). In each cohort, 3 patients died before treatment and 178 were treated. Of the 178 clip-assigned patients with saccular aneurysms, 1 (1%) was crossed over to coiling, and 64 (36%) of the 178 coil-assigned patients were crossed over to clipping. There was no statistically significant difference in poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score > 2) between these 2 treatment arms at any recorded time point during 6 years of follow-up. After the initial hospitalization, 1 of 241 (0.4%) clipped saccular aneurysms and 21 of 115 (18%) coiled saccular aneurysms required retreatment (p < 0.001). At the 6-year follow-up, 95% (95/100) of the clipped aneurysms were completely obliterated, compared with 40% (16/40) of the coiled aneurysms (p < 0.001). There was no difference in morbidity between the 2 treatment groups (p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS In the subgroup of patients with saccular aneurysms enrolled in the BRAT, there was no significant difference between modified Rankin Scale outcomes at any follow-up time in patients with saccular aneurysms assigned to clipping compared with those assigned to coiling (intent-to-treat analysis). At the 6-year follow-up evaluation, rates of retreatment and complete aneurysm obliteration significantly favored patients who underwent clipping compared with those who underwent coiling. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01593267 (clinicaltrials.gov).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Indole Sulfoxides with Dichloroketene: A New Approach to the Physostigmine Alkaloids. (1989)

Abstract The indolyl sulfoxide (I) reacts with dichloroketene, generated from trichloroacetyl chloride (II), to give the dichlorolactone (III) via 3,3‐sigmatropic rearrangement.
Ugi/Aldol Sequence: Expeditious Entry to Several Families of Densely Substituted Nitrogen Heterocycles (2012)

Complexity from simplicity: Nitrogen-containing heterocycles have been assembled by means of unprecedented domino processes designed to take advantage of diversity assembly using strategically decorated Ugi products (see scheme). The aldol reaction is the second common denominator which enables sequences of up to five steps in one pot, thus producing unique molecular architectures in rapid fashion. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Far-field fluorescence microscopy at the macromolecular scale (2006)

Since its discovery by Abbe in 1873, the microscopy diffraction barrier has received a lot of attention. In this lecture, we discuss the principle of fundamentally breaking the diffraction barrier through reversible saturable optical (fluorescence) transitions (RESOLFT).
ChemInform Abstract: Challenges in the Development of Organic and Hybrid Molecular Systems (2016)

Abstract Review: [73 refs.
A blueprint for academic labs to produce SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test kits (2020)

Widespread testing for the presence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in individuals remains vital for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic prior to the advent of an effective treatment. Challenges in testing can be traced to an initial shortage of supplies, expertise and/or instrumentation necessary to detect the virus by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the most robust, sensitive, and specific assay currently available. Here we show that academic biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories equipped with appropriate expertise and infrastructure can replicate commercially available SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR test kits and backfill pipeline shortages. The Georgia Tech COVID-19 Test Kit Support Group, composed of faculty, staff, and trainees across the biotechnology quad at Georgia Institute of Technology, synthesized multiplexed primers and probes and formulated a master mix composed of enzymes and proteins produced in-house. Our in-house kit compares favorably to a commercial product used for diagnostic testing. We also developed an environmental testing protocol to readily monitor surfaces across various campus laboratories for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. Our blueprint should be readily reproducible by research teams at other institutions, and our protocols may be modified and adapted to enable SARS-CoV-2 detection in more resource-limited settings.
Supplementary Legends from Systematic Interrogation of 3q26 Identifies <i>TLOC1</i> and <i>SKIL</i> as Cancer Drivers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Legends - PDF file 122K, Legends for all Supplementary information&lt;/p&gt;
Conversion of Der p 23, a New Major House Dust Mite Allergen, into a Hypoallergenic Vaccine (2014)

Der p 23, a new, major house dust mite (HDM) allergen that is recognized by >70% of HDM-allergic patients, has high allergenic activity and, therefore, must be considered an important component for HDM-specific immunotherapy. We constructed and characterized a hypoallergenic Der p 23 vaccine for HDM immunotherapy. Three nonallergenic peptides from the C-terminal IgE epitope-containing part of Der p 23 (P4, P5) and P6, a mutant peptide containing serines instead of cysteines, were identified. Peptides were fused to the hepatitis B virus-derived PreS domain as recombinant fusion proteins (i.e., PreS-2XP4P5 and PreS-4XP6) that were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Compared with Der p 23, PreS-2XP4P5 and PreS-4XP6 showed no relevant IgE reactivity and exhibited considerably reduced allergenic activity in basophil activation tests using blood from HDM-allergic patients. Upon immunization of rabbits, only PreS-2XP4P5 induced high levels of Der p 23-specific IgG Abs that inhibited binding of patients' IgE to Der p 23, comparable to IgG Abs induced with Der p 23, whereas Abs induced with PreS-4XP6 had only low blocking capacity. Additionally, IgG Abs induced with PreS-2XP4P5 inhibited Der p 23-induced basophil activation comparable to IgG Abs induced with Der p 23. Compared with Der p 23, PreS-2XP4P5 induced lower T cell proliferation but higher levels of the tolerogenic cytokine IL-10 and the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in PBMCs from HDM-allergic patients, indicating an immunomodulatory capacity of the fusion protein. Therefore, PreS-2XP4P5 represents a promising candidate for immunotherapy of HDM-allergic patients.
Product and Service Popularity Analysis on Instagram (2018)

Social media has changed the world greatly and become the significant part of our modern civilization. Investigating information on SNS can help us to understand customers' preferences. For instance, we can analyze customers' experiences of certain products or services, how they are shared, how they affect other customers, etc. In this paper, we analyze how certain products or services are posted onto Instagram, one of the largest social networks, and how they evolve by analyzing tags and image features. We also analyze temporal evolution of certain tags, which can provide different perspectives when analyzing certain products.
Psychiatric Diagnoses and Other Factors Associated with Emergency Department Return within 30 Days of Ureteroscopy (2018)

We identified factors associated with emergency department return after ureteroscopy, including a history of psychiatric diagnosis, uninsured status and emergency department visits in the year before surgery. These patients may benefit from targeted interventions to help avoid unnecessary emergency department visits.
Development of Guidelines for Placement of Guardrail Posts in Rock (2004)

Computer simulation and physical testing of posts and guardrail installations were performed to develop a W-beam guardrail system for installation where bedrock is within the normal embedment depth of the posts. Computer simulation was conducted with BARRIER VII to determine optimal post force-deflection properties and the critical impact point for a full-scale vehicle crash test. Physical testing included dynamic testing of posts in various embedment configurations and one full-scale vehicular crash test, which was performed according to the Test Level 3 criteria specified in NCHRP Report 350. Steel W152 X 13.4 (W6 X 9) posts were embedded into an elongated hole drilled into rock and backfilled with ASTM C33 coarse aggregate, size No. 57. The elongated hole was created by drilling three holes 203 mm (8 in.) in diameter on 165-mm (6.5-in.) centers. The full-scale crash test, which was performed with a 2,000-kg pickup truck, was used to verify the safety performance of the design for situations where bedrock is encountered on the surface of the ground. Guidelines based on dynamic post testing were developed for use when the bedrock is encountered at various depths below the surface.
Critical Role of Calcium- dependent Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Transactivation in PC12 Cell Membrane Depolarization and Bradykinin Signaling (1997)

PC12 cells respond to a variety of external stimuli such as growth factors, neurotransmitters, and membrane depolarization by activating the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Here we demonstrate that both depolarization-induced calcium influx and treatment with bradykinin stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Using a tetracycline-controlled expression system in conjunction with a dominant-negative EGFR mutant, we demonstrate that depolarization and bradykinin triggered signals involve EGFR function upstream of SHC and MAP kinase. Furthermore, bradykinin-stimulated EGFR transactivation is critically dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium, and when triggered by ionophore treatment, calcium influx is already sufficient to induce EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, our results establish calcium-dependent EGFR transactivation as a signaling mechanism mediating activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in neuronal cell types.
Aptamer Conformational Change Enables Serotonin Biosensing with Nanopipettes (2021)

We report artificial nanopores in the form of quartz nanopipettes with ca. 10 nm orifices functionalized with molecular recognition elements termed aptamers that reversibly recognize serotonin with high specificity and selectivity. Nanoscale confinement of ion fluxes, analyte-specific aptamer conformational changes, and related surface charge variations enable serotonin sensing. We demonstrate detection of physiologically relevant serotonin amounts in complex environments such as neurobasal media, in which neurons are cultured in vitro. In addition to sensing in physiologically relevant matrices with high sensitivity (picomolar detection limits), we interrogate the detection mechanism via complementary techniques such as quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, we provide a novel theoretical model for structure-switching aptamer-modified nanopipette systems that supports experimental findings. Validation of specific and selective small-molecule detection, in parallel with mechanistic investigations, demonstrates the potential of conformationally changing aptamer-modified nanopipettes as rapid, label-free, and translatable nanotools for diverse biological systems.
Big Data Processing for Power Grid Event Detection (2020)

In this paper we present the application of big data processing for the development of machine learning(ML) models to detect relevant events in power gridoperations. This is based on almost 20TB of phasormeasurement unit data corresponding to up to two years of operation of three grid interconnections which provide power to most of the United States. A significant aspect of the work consists in having all data processing performed on a single standard GPU server, from pre-processing to ML model training and testing. We describe the data and computational infrastructure, challenges faced and methods used in dataprocessing, main findings and results. The ML approach employed for best utilization of the big data is also discussed, including sample results.
A New Mixed Integer Formulation for the Maximum Regret Problem (1998)

The minimax regret solution to a linear program with interval objective function coefficients can be found using an algorithm that, at each iteration, solves a linear program to generate a candidate solution and a mixed integer program to find the corresponding maximum regret. This paper presents a new formulation for the latter problem that exploits the piecewise linear structure of the cost coefficients. Computational results indicate that this yields a stronger formulation than the previous approach.
Behavioral Disturbances in Estrogen-Related Receptor alpha-Null Mice (2015)

Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are common and severe mental illnesses of unknown etiology. Recently, we identified a rare missense mutation in the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA) that is associated with the development of eating disorders. However, little is known about ESRRA function in the brain. Here, we report that Esrra is expressed in the mouse brain and demonstrate that Esrra levels are regulated by energy reserves. Esrra-null female mice display a reduced operant response to a high-fat diet, compulsivity/behavioral rigidity, and social deficits. Selective Esrra knockdown in the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices of adult female mice recapitulates reduced operant response and increased compulsivity, respectively. These results indicate that Esrra deficiency in the mouse brain impairs behavioral responses in multiple functional domains.
Effect of Xylan Structure on Reactivity in Graft Copolymerization and Subsequent Binding to Cellulose (2015)

The grafting reactivities with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) of five xylans from hardwood and cereal sources were compared. The structural property that best predicted the reactivities of xylans with GMA was the fraction of 4-O-methylglucuronic acid (MeGlcA) substitution. A comparatively high level of arabinose substitution was also positively correlated to reactivity with GMA. The impact of MeGlcA and arabinose branching groups is likely attributed to the solubilizing effect of these substituents. Consistent with this prediction, low water solubility and high lignin content were found to hinder reactivity. Even though oligomeric substrates have the advantage of water solubility, modified xylo-oligosaccharides were difficult to purify. Accordingly, delignified and high-molecular weight xylans that are soluble or dispersible in water are best suited for this type of backbone derivatization. Adsorption studies with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation indicated that grafting lowered the total adsorption of arabinoxylan but did not significantly affect the fraction of xylans adsorbed irreversibly on cellulose.
A Gender-Dependent Molecular Switch of Inflammation via MyD88/Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Interaction (2021)

Collectively, our results indicate that the formation of MyD88/methER-α complexes during inflammatory signaling and their disruption by estrogen may represent a mechanism that contributes to gender bias in inflammatory responses.
Advances in Propene Polymerization Using Magnesium Chloride-Supported Catalysts (1999)

Studies on the effects of hydrogen, monomer concentration and temperature in propene polymerization using high-activity MgCl2- supported catalysts have revealed that the effects of the catalyst on polymer yield, isotacticity and molecular weight are interrelated and dependent on both regio- and stereoselectivity. The high hydrogen sensitivity of catalysts containing a diether donor is mainly due to chain transfer following the occasional regioirregular (2,1-) monomer insertion. The probability of regio- and stereoirregular insertion decreases with monomer concentration, indicating the presence of non-symmetric active centres. The stereoregularity of the isotactic polymer also increases with polymerization temperature, indicating a greater relative increase in productivity for highly isospecific as opposed to moderately isospecific centres.
Interpersonal Coevolution of Body Movements in Daily Face-to-Face Communication (2017)

People's body movements in daily face-to-face communication influence each other. For instance, during a heated debate, the participants use more gestures and other body movements, while in a calm discussion they use fewer gestures. This “coevolution” of interpersonal body movements occurs on multiple time scales, like minutes or hours. However, the multi-time-scale coevolution in daily communication is not clear yet. In this paper, we explore the minute-to-minute coevolution of interpersonal body movements in daily communication and investigate the characteristics of this coevolution. We present quantitative data on upper-body movements from thousand test subjects from seven organizations gathered over several months via wearable sensors. The device we employed measured upper-body movements with an accelerometer and the duration of face-to-face communication with an infrared ray sensor on a minute-by-minute basis. We defined a coevolution measure between two people as the number of per-minute changes of their body movement and compared the indices for face-to-face and non-face-to-face situations. We found that on average, the amount of people's body movements changed correspondingly for face-to-face communication and that the average rate of coevolution in the case of face-to-face communication was 3-4% higher than in the case of non-face-to-face situation. These results reveal minute-to-minute coevolution of upper-body movements between people in daily communication. The finding suggests that the coevolution of body movement arises in multiple time scales.