gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a web-based system for survival estimation in breast cancer (2003)

A web-based case-match system can generate survival curves for user-defined prognostic factor combinations and identify patients with a varying risk for breast cancer recurrence. The system can be linked to other data sets, expanded to accommodate new prognostic factors and used as a source for population-based survival estimates.
Effects of exercise on the capillary vasculature of the rat heart. (1987)

Effects on the myocardium, particularly those structural properties of the capillary network relevant to tissue oxygenation, were studied morphometrically in rats subjected to moderate exercise, strenuous exercise, and strenuous exercise preceded by a preconditioning period of moderate exercise. These different modalities of exercise were used to test the hypothesis that endurance training leads to capillary proliferation in the heart. The findings indicate that treadmill running produces right ventricular hypertrophy exclusively, which is accompanied by lengthening of the myocytes. Furthermore, a moderate running program results in an increase in the numerical density, luminal surface, and total length of capillaries in the right ventricle. In contrast, strenuous exercise with or without a preconditioning period produces a relative decrease in capillary luminal volume, surface, and numerical density. In the former case the diffusion distance for oxygen is decreased and in the latter it is increased. These data suggest that moderate exercise affects the microvasculature in ways that improve the efficiency of tissue oxygenation in the myocardium, whereas strenuous exercise has the opposite effect.
The association between experience and proficiency with robotic-enhanced coronary intervention—insights from the PRECISE multi-center study (2014)

After performing 3 cases, interventionalists were able to complete robotic-enhanced PCI faster, with reduced radiation, and without compromising safety. The steep learning curve highlights the easy adoption of remote-control robotic technology for PCI.
Microvascular Recruitment Is an Early Insulin Effect That Regulates Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake In Vivo (2004)

Insulin increases glucose disposal into muscle. In addition, in vivo insulin elicits distinct nitric oxide synthase-dependent vascular responses to increase total skeletal muscle blood flow and to recruit muscle capillaries (by relaxing resistance and terminal arterioles, respectively). In the current study, we compared the temporal sequence of vascular and metabolic responses to a 30-min physiological infusion of insulin (3 mU. min(-1). kg(-1), euglycemic clamp) or saline in rat skeletal muscle in vivo. We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound to continuously quantify microvascular volume. Insulin recruited microvasculature within 5-10 min (P < 0.05), and this preceded both activation of insulin-signaling pathways and increases in glucose disposal in muscle, as well as changes in total leg blood flow. Moreover, l-NAME (N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, blocked this early microvascular recruitment (P < 0.05) and at least partially inhibited early increases in muscle glucose uptake (P < 0.05). We conclude that insulin rapidly recruits skeletal muscle capillaries in vivo by a nitric oxide-dependent action, and the increase in capillary recruitment may contribute to the subsequent glucose uptake.
Finite-element simulation models and experimental verification for through-silicon-via etching: Bosch process and single-step etching (2014)

In this study, time-dependent simulation models are established for both the Bosch process and single-step through-silicon-via (TSV) etching using SF6 and C4F8 chemistry by employing a finite-element-method method. The simulation models take into account the thermal etching of F radicals, ion-enhanced etching, neutral deposition and ion-enhanced deposition mechanisms, as well as the angular dependence of the ion sputtering with aspect to a surface element. Comparison between the simulation results and experiments suggests that consideration of two ion fluxes (high-energy and low-energy) is critical for matching the simulation etch profile with the experiments. It is found that the underlying reason for the transition formed on the TSVs using the single-step etching originates from the difference of the ion angular distributions of etching species and depositing species. The Bosch process model successfully predicted profile details, such as the top scallops of the TSV profile, and the model established for single-step etching can be used to predict the transition position shown on the sidewalls. The simulation models can be used to study the individual effects of low-energy ions and the high-energy ions in the etching and passivation mechanisms for TSV etching in both Bosch process and single-step etching techniques.
Frequency Dependent Magnetic Resonance Response of Heavy Crude Oils: Methods and Applications (2013)

Abstract Oilfield nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications are widely accepted for characterizing reservoir rocks and fluids. All of the downhole applications, and most oilfield NMR lab work, are carried out assuming that the results are independent of the operating frequency. The assumption is generally warranted, since most NMR logging tools and lab devices operate in the 0.5 to 2 MHz range. However, two strong motivations exist for investigating the frequency dependence (that is, dispersion) of NMR of crude oil samples: 1) introduction and acceptance of lower frequency logging while drilling (LWD) and multi- frequency wireline NMR tools, and 2) sensitivity of NMR dispersion to the interaction and dynamics of molecules of varying size in complex fluids. We report here on a versatile frequency-dependent lab NMR measurement known as fast field cycling (FFC) NMR. The results clearly demonstrate a frequency dependence of the longitudinal relaxation time, T1, for crude oils between 10 kHz and 40 MHz. The study investigates the full T1 distributions for crude oils containing significant amounts of all the SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltene) fractions, including a broad range of concentrations for the heavier fractions. For crude oils containing minimal asphaltene and resin fractions, the dispersion is minimal. In contrast, crude oils containing larger concentrations of asphaltene and resins show a clear shift of the T1 distribution to longer times at higher frequencies. We will discuss the implications and benefits of NMR dispersion for oilfield application. We suggest how the dispersion can be understood in terms of the molecular dynamics of asphaltenes with the rest the oil. Finally, we will provide an overview of the experimental challenges in making these measurements, including the hardware design and the specialized pulse sequences required for acquiring multi-frequency data.
Steady-State and Dynamic Fluorescence Measurements of a Perylene-Labeled Triblock Copolymer:  Evidence for Ground-State Dye Aggregate Formation (1999)

Steady-state fluorescence and fluorescence decay measurements were carried out on a perylene-labeled triblock copolymer, polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS), both in toluene solution and in a thin film. For the polymer solution, the data fit well to a double-exponential function, and the same two lifetimes τshort = 4.4 ns and τlong = 9.2 ns, but with different relative intensities, are recovered at different emission wavelengths. The longer lifetime, τlong = 9.2 ns, is attributed to the presence of dye aggregates, with τshort = 4.4 ns assigned to unassociated dye. This interpretation of decay profiles is supported by steady-state fluorescence measurements: the onset of aggregate emission corresponds to a sharp decrease in the ratio of preexponential factors, Ashort/Along. Excitation spectra of the labeled polymer are found to be dependent on the emission wavelength, suggesting that the population of aggregated dye molecules exists in the ground state prior to excitation. The fractional contribution of unimer fluorescence in the polymer film (fshort = 0.36−0.10) is much smaller than that in solution (fshort = 0.97−0.84), suggesting a higher degree of aggregate formation in the film.
Flexible, active support for collaboration with ConversationBuilder (1993)

No abstract available.
Overview of 3GPP LTE-advanced carrier aggregation for 4G wireless communications (2012)

To satisfy the ever increasing demand for higher throughput and data rates, wireless communication systems need to operate in wider bandwidths. 3GPP LTE-Advanced with carrier aggregation enables operators to maximally and optimally utilize their available spectrum resources for increased data rates and user experience while reducing their incurred OPEX and CAPEX. This article provides a tutorial overview of 3GPP LTE-Advanced with carrier aggregation as specified in Rel-10 including deployment scenarios of interest, main design features, PHY/MAC procedures, and potential enhancements for future standard releases.
PlGF/VEGFR-1 Signaling Promotes Macrophage Polarization and Accelerated Tumor Progression in Obesity (2016)

Targeting PlGF/VEGFR-1 signaling reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment and inhibits obesity-induced acceleration of tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2993-3004. ©2016 AACR.
Evaluation of Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement of High Strength Corrosion Resistant Alloys (2016)

Abstract The susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of an ultra-high strength Corrosion Resistant Alloy (CRA) OCTG was evaluated. A high-strength nickel alloy OCTG with 140ksi (965MPa) grade has been newly developed for use in high temperature and high pressure corrosive wells. This new alloy has exhibited equivalent stress corrosion cracking resistance to UNS(1) N08535 with conventional 110ksi (758MPa) grade. The strength of the material was enhanced by alloying nitrogen and cold working. In this study, the galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking (GHSC) susceptibility was evaluated in sour environments by galvanically coupled type constant-strain or sustained-stress tests with carbon steel. Another evaluation method using slow strain rate testing (SSRT) under cathodic charging condition was employed to determine the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibilities of the different alloys tested including the developed alloy. It is revealed that the resistance to HE of the developed alloy is superior to other CRAs such as type 304L and some precipitation hardened alloys. From the results obtained, it can be considered that the high stability of austenitic phase, proper cold working ratio and no significant precipitation in this alloy achieve the excellent resistance to HE.
Genomic Analysis at the Single-Cell Level (2011)

Studying complex biological systems such as a developing embryo, a tumor, or a microbial ecosystem often involves understanding the behavior and heterogeneity of the individual cells that constitute the system and their interactions. In this review, we discuss a variety of approaches to single-cell genomic analysis.
Shear modulus of porcine coronary artery: contributions of media and adventitia (2003)

The epicardial coronary arteries experience significant torsion in the axial direction due to changes in the shape of the heart during the cardiac cycle. The objective of this study was to determine the torsional mechanical properties of the coronary arteries under various circumferential and longitudinal loadings. The coronary artery was treated as a two-layer composite vessel consisting of intima-medial and adventitial layers, and the shear modulus of each layer was determined. Eight porcine hearts were obtained at a local abattoir, and their right coronary and left anterior descending arteries were isolated and tested in vitro with a triaxial torsion machine (inflation, longitudinal stretch, and circumferential twist). After the intact vessel was tested, the adventitia was dissected away, leaving an intact media that was then tested under identical triaxial loading conditions. We proposed a biomechanical analysis to compute the shear modulus of the adventitia from the measured shear moduli of the intact vessel and the media. To validate our predictions, we used four additional hearts in which the shear modulus of the adventitia was measured after dissection of media. Our results show that the shear modulus does not depend on the shear stress or strain but varies linearly with circumferential and longitudinal stresses and in a nonlinear way with the corresponding strains. Furthermore, we found that the shear modulus of the adventitia is larger than that of the intact vessel, which is larger than the vessel media. These results may have important implications for baroreceptor sensitivity, circulation of the vasa vasorum, and coronary dissection.
Development of a Telemedicine Neurological Examination for Spine Surgery (2020)

This study presents the development of a viable neurological spine examination adapted for telemedicine. The findings in this study suggest that patients have comparable motor, sensory, and special test scores with telemedicine as with a traditional in-person examination administered by an experienced clinician, as well as reporting a high rate of satisfaction among participants. To our knowledge, this is the first telemedicine neurological examination for spine surgery. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Boosting stability of photonic multi-gas sensors (2022)

Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensors and colorimetric dosimeters are inspiring examples of unobtrusive optical gas detectors that progressed from initial lab feasibility tests to practical applications. Remaining challenges in NDIR gas sensors include interference effects and drift. The trade-off in colorimetric dosimeters is their non-reversible response. To boost performance of optical gas sensors, we are developing a new generation of gas sensors - known as multivariable sensors - with several independent responses. Our sensors are photonic nanostructures that produce combined effects of multilayer interference and diffraction of light modulated by different gases. Previously, we showed that our individual sensors quantified different gases and rejected effects of interferences because of their high response dimensionality. Here we show that our individual sensors achieve the self-correction for sensor drift. Our principle of the drift self-correction in multivariable photonic gas sensors opens opportunities for gas sensors in diverse emerging monitoring applications ranging from urban pollution to medical diagnostics, process control, and homeland protection.
Optical Tuning of the Reflection of Cholesterics Doped with Azobenzene Liquid Crystals (2007)

Abstract Mixtures of cholesteric liquid crystals doped with high clearing temperature azobenzene nematic liquid crystals are shown to possess large, fast, and reversible dynamic photosensitive features. Selective wavelength shifts approaching 400 nm are reported, and depending on the host cholesteric liquid crystal, both red‐shifted and blue‐shifted wavelength changes can be induced. The photoinduced states of these material systems are shown to be stable for long periods of time upon removal of the radiation source, completely reversible, and dynamically fast. These phototunable features are demonstrated using both continuous wave (CW) and nanosecond laser beams. The latter is used to change the selective reflection wavelength from blue to green with a single nanosecond pulse and the ability to write information into these films using these processes are demonstrated.
Performance and reliability of NAND flash/SCM hybrid SSD during write/erase cycling (2014)

This paper describes the comprehensive analysis on the performance of NAND flash/storage-class memory (SCM) hybrid solid-state drive (SSD) during write/erase (W/E) cycling for various applications. Since bit-error rate (BER) increases by cycling, increasingly stronger ECC should be applied, which results in longer ECC calculation time. Both program/erase latencies of the NAND flash memory and ECC calculation time change during W/E cycling and have complex effects on the SSD performance. By assuming that the reliability of SCM simultaneously degrades with NAND, the SSD performance is also evaluated by the transaction-level simulator. Three key results are derived: (i) the error-correction latency strongly impacts both NAND-only and hybrid SSD's performance, (ii) the SSD performance with error-correction is sensitive to the workload and (iii) reliability requirements of NAND and SCM are defined for various applications. The BER of SCM can be 1% at maximum.
Combinations of Mutations in the Connection Domain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase: Assessing the Impact on Nucleoside and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance (2010)

Recent reports have described the effect of mutations in the connection and RNase H domains of reverse transcriptase (RT) on nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI and NNRTI, respectively) resistance in the presence of thymidine analog resistance mutations (TAMs) and NNRTI mutations (J. H. Brehm, D. Koontz, J. D. Meteer, V. Pathak, N. Sluis-Cremer, and J. W. Mellors, J. Virol. 81:7852-7859, 2007; K. A. Delviks-Frankenberry, G. N. Nikolenko, R. Barr, and V. K. Pathak, J. Virol. 81:6837-6845, 2007; G. N. Nikolenko, K. A. Delviks-Frankenberry, S. Palmer, F. Maldarelli, M. J. Fivash, Jr., J. M. Coffin, and V. K. Pathak, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104:317-322, 2007; G. N. Nikolenko, S. Palmer, F. Maldarelli, J. W. Mellors, J. M. Coffin, and V. K. Pathak, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102:2093-2098, 2005; and S. H. Yap, C. W. Sheen, J. Fahey, M. Zanin, D. Tyssen, V. D. Lima, B. Wynhoven, M. Kuiper, N. Sluis-Cremer, P. R. Harrigan, and G. Tachedjian, PLoS Med. 4:e335, 2007). In the present study, novel mutations in the connection domain of RT (T369I/V), first identified in patient-derived viruses, were characterized, and their effects on NNRTI and NNRTI susceptibility were determined. Furthermore, the effect of N348I on NRTI and NNRTI resistance was confirmed. HIV-1 with either N348I or T369I/V demonstrated reduced susceptibility to nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV), delaviridine (DLV), and zidovudine (ZDV) compared to wild-type HIV-1. However, HIV-1 with T369I and N348I demonstrated 10- to 60-fold resistance to these same drugs. In clinical samples, these two connection domain RT mutations were predominantly observed in viruses containing TAMs and NNRTI mutations and did not alter the susceptible-resistant classifications of these samples. Introduction of T369I, N348I, or T369I/N348I also reduced replication capacity (RC). These observations suggest that it may be of scientific interest to test these mutations against new NNRTI candidates.
A novel and selective sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor, tofogliflozin, improves glycaemic control and lowers body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2015)

A once-daily dose of tofogliflozin for 12 weeks was an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment for T2DM.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with a Mitochondrial DNA Deletion (2013)

In congenital mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) disorders, a mixture of normal and mutated mtDNA (termed heteroplasmy) exists at varying levels in different tissues, which determines the severity and phenotypic expression of disease. Pearson marrow pancreas syndrome (PS) is a congenital bone marrow failure disorder caused by heteroplasmic deletions in mtDNA. The cause of the hematopoietic failure in PS is unknown, and adequate cellular and animal models are lacking. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are particularly amenable for studying mtDNA disorders, as cytoplasmic genetic material is retained during direct reprogramming. Here, we derive and characterize iPS cells from a patient with PS. Taking advantage of the tendency for heteroplasmy to change with cell passage, we isolated isogenic PS-iPS cells without detectable levels of deleted mtDNA. We found that PS-iPS cells carrying a high burden of deleted mtDNA displayed differences in growth, mitochondrial function, and hematopoietic phenotype when differentiated in vitro, compared to isogenic iPS cells without deleted mtDNA. Our results demonstrate that reprogramming somatic cells from patients with mtDNA disorders can yield pluripotent stem cells with varying burdens of heteroplasmy that might be useful in the study and treatment of mitochondrial diseases.
Direct Measurement of the Top Quark Mass (1997)

We measure the top quark mass ${m}_{t}$ using $t\overline{t}$ pairs produced in the D0 detector by $\sqrt{s}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.8\mathrm{TeV}p\overline{p}$ collisions in a $125{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ exposure at the Fermilab Tevatron. We make a two constraint fit to ${m}_{t}$ in $t\overline{t}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{bW}}^{+}\overline{b}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ final states with one W decaying to $q\overline{q}$ and the other to $e\ensuremath{\nu}$ or $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}$. Events are binned in fit mass versus a measure of probability for events to be signal rather than background. Likelihood fits to the data yield ${m}_{t}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}173.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5.6(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}6.2(\mathrm{syst})\mathrm{GeV}{/c}^{2}$.
Optimization of a fuzzy C-means approach to determining probability of lesion malignancy and quantifying lesion enhancement heterogeneity in breast DCE-MRI (2010)

Previous research has shown that a fuzzy C-means (FCM) approach to computerized lesion analysis has the potential to aid radiologists in the interpretation of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) breast exams. <sup>1, 2</sup> Our purpose in this study was to optimize the performance of the FCM approach with respect to binary (benign/malignant) breast lesion classification in DCE-MRI. We used both raw (calculated from kinetic data points) and empirically fitted<sup>3</sup> kinetic features for this study. FCM was used to automatically select a characteristic kinetic curve (CKC) based on intensity-time point data of voxels within each lesion, using four different kinetic criteria: (1) maximum initial enhancement, (2) minimum shape index, (3) maximum washout, and (4) minimum time to peak. We extracted kinetic features from these CKCs, which were merged using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. There was comparable performance for methods 1, 2, and 4, while method 3 was inferior. Next, we modified use of the FCM method by calculating a feature vector for every voxel in each lesion and using FCM to select a characteristic feature vector (CFV) for each lesion. Using this method, we achieved performance similar to the four CKC methods. Finally, we generated lesion color maps using FCM membership matrices, which facilitated the visualization of enhancing voxels in a given lesion.
Multikinase inhibitors for treating high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: can this be brought into clinical practice? (2013)

Keywords:: azanucleosides failureinvestigational therapiesmultikinase inhibitorsmyelodysplastic syndromes
Cycloaddition reactions of meso-ionic oxazolone with cinnamaldehyde anils (1980)

During the reaction of the azlactone 5 with different cinnamaldehyde anils, we obtained α-pyridones with no evidence for the formation of β-lactams. The products have been characterized through elemental and spectral analyses.