gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ЧТО ТАКОЕ «ФЕНОПТОЗ» И КАК С НИМ БОРОТЬСЯ? ОБЗОР (2012)

Феноптоз - гибель организма, запрограммированная в его геноме. Примеры феноптоза описаны у прокариот, одноклеточных эукариот и всех трех царств многоклеточных эукариот (животных, растений и грибов). Демонстративны случаи быстрого (острого) феноптоза, когда включение специальной биохимической программы приводит к немедленной смерти организма. Быстрое, в считанные дни, старение растений, размножающихся однократно, описано как феноптоз, контролируемый известными генами и осуществляемый ядовитыми фитогормонами типа абсцизовой кислоты. У сои смертоносный сигнал передается по ксилеме от созревших семян к листьям, вызывая листопад и гибель растения. Выключение двух генов Arabidopsis thaliana, необходимых для цветения и образования семян, предотвращает быстрое старение и резко продлевает жизнь этого растения, которое переключается с полового на вегетативное размножение, превращаясь из травы в кустарник с одеревеневшим стволом. Безусловно, запрограммирована смерть тихоокеанского лосося сразу после нереста. Гибели животного предшествует появление всего за несколько дней биохимических и морфологических признаков вплоть до образования в мозгу амилоидных бляшек, типичных для медленного старения позвоночных. Этот факт и результаты целого ряда других наблюдений свидетельствуют о том, что медленное старение многократно размножающихся животных и растений также запрограммировано, будучи завершающим этапом онтогенеза. Предполагается, что постепенное ослабление различных функций организма при медленном старении повышает давление естественного отбора и, тем самым, ускоряет биологическую эволюцию. В качестве рабочей гипотезы медленное старение высших животных и человека объясняется увеличением с возрастом количества активных форм кислорода (АФК) в митохондриях, что активирует апоптоз и уменьшает число функционирующих клеток в органах и тканях. Описана группа соединений типа SkQ, содержащих пластохинон (растительный аналог CoQ) и проникающий катион, адресованный в митохондрии как единственные органеллы, имеющие разность потенциалов на мембране с минусом внутри органеллы. Показано, что такие соединения резко уменьшают количество АФК в митохондриях, продлевают жизнь грибов, беспозвоночных, рыб и млекопитающих и замедляют развитие большой группы старческих болезней и других признаков старения. Успешно завершены клинические испытания капель SkQ1 как средства против одной из старческих патологий -синдрома сухого глаза, считавшегося неизлечимым. Новый антиоксидант уже поступил в аптеки. Таким образом, SkQ1 оказался первым лекарством, адресованным в митохондрии и используемым в медицинской практике.
Source-channel rate allocation for progressive transmission of images (2003)

Progressive image transmission is difficult in the presence of a noisy channel, mainly due to the propagation of errors during the decoding of a progressive bitstream. Excellent results for this problem are made possible through combined source-channel coding, a method that matches the channel code to the source operational rate distortion as well as channel conditions. This paper focuses on the key component of combined source-channel coding: rate allocation. We develop a parametric methodology for rate allocation in progressive source-channel coding. The key to this technique is an empirical model of decoded bit-error rate as a function of the channel code rate. We investigate several scenarios. In the case of the memoryless channel, we present closed-form expressions. For the fading channel and channels with feedback, where closed-form results are elusive, our analysis leads to low-complexity algorithms. The results presented are applicable to any progressive source code, and any family of channel codes.
Cytokines and microbicidal molecules regulated by IL-32 in THP-1-derived human macrophages infected with New World Leishmania species (2017)

Thus, endogenous IL-32 is a crucial cytokine involved in the host defense against Leishmania parasites.
Rotational spectra and structures of small clusters containing the HCN dimer: X–(HCN)2 with X=CO, N2, NH3, and H2O (1990)

This work is the counterpart of a previous report on the (HCN)2–Y trimers with Y=HF, HCl, HCF3, and CO2 [J. Chem. Phys. 90, 4069 (1989)]. Rotational spectra have been observed for several isotopic species of the OC–, N2–, H3N–, and H2O–(HCN)2 trimers, using a pulsed nozzle, Fourier transform Balle/Flygare microwave spectrometer. The structures are basically composites of those reported for the (HCN)2 and X–HCN dimers. The trimers are effectively axially symmetric, but have some shrinkage of dimensions. Rotational constants found for the main isotopic species of each trimer are: For X=OC, a B0 of 421.142 MHz and DJ of 110 Hz; for X=N2, 435.573 MHz and 155 Hz; for X=H3N, a symmetric top, a B0 of 675.777 MHz, DJ of 180 Hz, and DJK of 41.1 kHz; and for X=H2O, with C2v symmetry, a (B0+C0)/2 of 667.028 MHz, (B0−C0)/2 of 0.617 MHz, DJ of 173 Hz, and a DJK of 62.9 kHz. The rotational constants for the isotopic species of each trimer were used to determine the distances r1 and r2 between the centers of mass (c.m.) of adjacent monomers, r1 being that for X–HCN and r2 that for (HCN)2. For X=OC, N2, H3N, and H2O the shrinkages found in r1 are 0.068, 0.056, 0.084, and 0.074 Å, respectively, and in r2 0.013, 0.013, 0.044, and 0.026 Å. The 14N quadrupole coupling constants were determined by selective 15N substitution for most of the nitrogen sites in the trimers. The effects of charge redistribution in the trimers were separated from those of torsional oscillations in several instances including N2 in N2–(HCN)2.
New trends in natural product chemistry (1998)

Part 1 Open chain 1,3-stereocontrol: synthetic studies on anti-tumor alkaloids synthetic studies in the alkaloid field - synthesis of epibatidine synthetic studies on antitumor antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors epoxy sulfonate pyranoses, valuable intermediates in carbohydrate syntheses. Part 2 Recent studies on biologically active natural products: novel strategies for the discovery of plant-derived anticancer agents discovery and characterization of natural product cancer chemopreventive agents logical approach to structure elucidation of natural compounds new natural products from indigenous medicinal plants bioactive compounds fom the leaves and pods of moringa oleifera new alkaloids and biological activities of Turkish amaryllidiceae plants malarial vaccine candidate - the nature of the carbohydrate-peptide linkage in the 42-53 KDA glycoprotein effect of the imidazoline compounds on sympathomimetic responses and its pharmacological implications. (Part contents).
Del-1, an Endogenous Inhibitor of TGF-β Activation, Attenuates Fibrosis (2020)

Uncontrolled activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β results in a wide range of pathologic conditions. Therapeutic interventions to regulate TGF-β signaling during fibrosis have been developed but the effectiveness is still limited. Here, we show that developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) ameliorates fibrosis in mice by inhibiting α<sub>v</sub> integrin-mediated activation of TGF-β. Del-1 bound to α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub> integrin, an important activator of TGF-β, and inhibited the binding of α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub> integrin to the latency-associated peptide (LAP), thereby suppressing α<sub>v</sub> integrin-mediated activation of TGF-β. Lack of Del-1 increased colocalization of α<sub>v</sub> integrin and LAP in the lungs, which was reversed by Del-1 supplementation. The crucial role of Del-1 in regulating TGF-β activity was recapitulated in a mouse model of fibrosis using an adenovirus expressing inactive TGF-β1. Del-1 supplementation improved the pathological characteristics of the mice and reduced mortality. Thus, we propose that Del-1 is a negative regulator of TGF-β activation and a potential anti-fibrotic factor.
Hydrogen-Induced Morphotropic Phase Transformation of Single-Crystalline Vanadium Dioxide Nanobeams (2013)

We report a morphotropic phase transformation in vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanobeams annealed in a high-pressure hydrogen gas, which leads to the stabilization of metallic phases. Structural analyses show that the annealed VO2 nanobeams are hexagonal-close-packed structures with roughened surfaces at room temperature, unlike as-grown VO2 nanobeams with the monoclinic structure and with clean surfaces. Quantitative chemical examination reveals that the hydrogen significantly reduces oxygen in the nanobeams with characteristic nonlinear reduction kinetics which depend on the annealing time. Surprisingly, the work function and the electrical resistance of the reduced nanobeams follow a similar trend to the compositional variation due mainly to the oxygen-deficiency-related defects formed at the roughened surfaces. The electronic transport characteristics indicate that the reduced nanobeams are metallic over a large range of temperatures (room temperature to 383 K). Our results demonstrate the interplay between oxygen deficiency and structural/electronic phase transitions, with implications for engineering electronic properties in vanadium oxide systems.
#5454 DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF DRUG COMBINATION THERAPIES FOR OSTEOPOROSIS VIA SIMULATIONS OF BONE TURNOVER (2023)

Abstract Background and Aims Many chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffer from mineral and bone disorders like osteoporosis, which also affects a huge part of the general population, predominantly postmenopausal women. For the treatment of osteoporosis, several drug types with different mechanisms of action are available, such as bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, RANKL inhibitors and sclerostin inhibitors (some of which are contraindicated for CKD patients beyond CKD stage 3). Different drugs can be given individually or combined in various ways, simultaneously or sequentially, resulting in a huge number of theoretically possible drug combinations that are practically impossible to study in clinical studies. We aimed to study using simulations whether there are combination therapies that would work considerably better than those tested and employed in clinical practice. If so, this could be beneficial for the treatment of a large number of osteoporosis patients by leading to a higher increase in bone strength and a higher reduction in bone fracture risk than standard therapies. Method We developed a physiology-based mathematical model that simulates the process of bone renewal in the human body and can predict how different osteoporosis drugs (including bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, RANKL inhibitors, and sclerostin inhibitors) affect this process, alone and in combination [1]. Results The model was validated on over 30 clinical osteoporosis studies with about 90 study arms. It predicted the time courses of bone mineral density and bone turnover markers with a high degree of accuracy based on the knowledge of the used drugs and dosing schemes alone. We used the model to study how treatment results changed when merely reshuffling the order in which different drugs were given. For example, for 3-year drug therapies involving alendronate, denosumab and romosozumab (1 year each), our simulations showed that the order in which these drugs were given can have a considerable effect on short- and long-term therapy success [1]. This is due to different drugs favorably interacting when applied in the right sequence. Conclusion Our findings indicate that some osteoporosis drug administration schemes are superior to others while relying on the exact same types and amounts of drugs. Therefore, there is a large potential to improve pharmacologic therapies of osteoporosis using physiological simulations. For renal patients beyond CKD stage 3, a restricted set of drug types may be considered to account for contraindications related to impaired renal clearance. If translated into clinical practice, findings obtained using our model could give rise to novel treatments using combinations of existing drugs for osteoporosis that lead to a lower bone fracture risk than standard treatments. Moreover, our model could serve as a basis for personalizing osteoporosis therapy to individual patients.
Diagnostic performance of host protein signatures as a triage test for active pulmonary TB (2023)

Abstract The current four symptom screen recommended by the WHO is widely used as screen to initiate diagnostic testing for active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), yet the performance is poor especially when TB prevalence is low. In contrast, more sensitive molecular tests are less suitable for the placement at primary care level in low resource settings. In order to meet the WHO End TB targets new diagnostic approaches are urgently needed to find the missing undiagnosed cases. Proteomics-derived blood host biomarkers have been explored because protein detection technologies are suitable for the point-of-care setting and could meet cost targets. This study aims to find a biomarker signature that fulfills WHO’s target product profile (TPP) for a TB screening. 12 blood-based protein biomarkers from three sample populations (Vietnam, Peru, South Africa) are analyzed individually and in combinations via advanced statistical methods and machine learning algorithms. The combination of I-309, SYWC and kallistatin shows the most promising results for TB prediction throughout the datasets meeting the TPP for a triage test in adults from two countries (Peru and South Africa). The top performing individual markers identified at the global level (I-309 and SYWC) were also among the best performing markers at country level in South Africa and Vietnam. This analysis clearly shows that a host protein biomarker assay is feasible in adults for certain geographical regions based on one or two biomarkers with a performance that meets minimal WHO TPP criteria. Abstract Importance Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious worldwide health problem and diagnosis is hampered by the complexity of tests at primary care level in low resource settings or the low accuracy for screening settings. In order to meet the WHO End TB targets new diagnostic approaches are urgently needed to find the missing undiagnosed cases. This analysis clearly shows that a host protein biomarker assay is feasible in adults for certain geographical regions. We were able to construct an algorithm through statistical methods and machine learning algorithms whose performance meets the minimum of the WHO target product profile criteria. Thus, further work should be addressed at demonstrating that such as assay can be translated into a practical point-of-care test, and to better understand how to address regional differences in biomarker levels and responses.
Adapting Sequence Models for Sentence Correction (2017)

In a controlled experiment of sequence-tosequence approaches for the task of sentence correction, we find that characterbased models are generally more effective than word-based models and models that encode subword information via convolutions, and that modeling the output data as a series of diffs improves effectiveness over standard approaches. Our strongest sequence-to-sequence model improves over our strongest phrase-based statistical machine translation model, with access to the same data, by 6 M 2 (0.5 GLEU) points. Additionally, in the data environment of the standard CoNLL-2014 setup, we demonstrate that modeling (and tuning against) diffs yields similar or better M 2 scores with simpler models and/or significantly less data than previous sequence-to-sequence approaches.
Surgical Technique for Single and Double-Incision Method of Acute Distal Biceps Tendon Repair (2012)

IndicationsContraindicationsPitfalls & Challenges.
PECVD Siloxane and Fluorine‐Based Copolymer Thin Films (2008)

Abstract Plasma copolymerization is utilized to fabricate thin photonic films based on hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO, C 6 H 18 Si 2 O) and octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB, C 4 F 8 ). The structure of the plasma copolymerized films is examined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the optical properties including refractive index, n , and extinction coefficient, k , are determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The refractive indices, which range from 1.38 to 1.54, can be manipulated by adjusting the volume ratio of the two monomers, HMDSO and OFCB, during the polymerization. A nonlinear relationship between the refractive index and extinction coefficient with comonomer feed ratio is observed. A strong initial increase in both n and k as the amount of HMDSO is increased is attributed to significant defluorination of the resultant polymer films coupled with the formation of a C‐C rich crosslinked network. Once the network incorporates substantial amounts of Si‐C and Si‐O bonds, the refractive index starts to decrease slowly due to a lowering of the density. XPS and FTIR results confirm the changes in internal structure consistent with this mechanism.
End-to-End Throughput and Latency Measures for Multi-hop Routing in Relay-Assisted Broadband Cellular OFDM Systems (2007)

End-to-end optimization of certain quality of service (QoS) measures such as throughput, reliability and latency plays a key role in designing novel network architectures for next generation relay-assisted broadband cellular multi-hop networks. In this paper, we study the problem of multi-hop routing in broadband cellular networks assuming transmissions under orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation over each link. Considering a routing protocol that employs rate-adaptive relaying and OFDM-based codeword transmissions over each hop, supported by an automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanism against transmission errors, we characterize the end-to-end capacity of multi-hop communication, develop measures for end-to-end throughput and latency as a function of the physical channel and system parameters and propose routing metrics to track and dynamically optimize end-to-end QoS in broadband cellular multi-hop networks
Abstract 15938: Sex-Specific Impact of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (gsnor) on Ventricular Remodeling and Function Following Myocardial Infarction in Mice (2018)

Introduction: Female hearts are less susceptible to injury following myocardial infarction (MI) likely due to estrogen working through the nitric oxide (NO) pathway. NO exerts effects largely via S...
Multiframe information fusion for multispectral imaging through atmospheric turbulence (2003)

A multiframe selective information fusion technique derived from robust error estimation theory has versatile image processing applications, including those for multispectral information fusion and for obtaining a wide-angle focused synthetic frame integrating small angle focused regions in distinct video-frames. An example combining both applications is presented in the processing of a color video of a scene imaged through turbulent air. The three multispectral Red-Green-Blue components of each color image is first transformed into gray-scale images that are fused as independent video streams to achieve three focused wide-angle fields of view. The multispectral fusion of the resulting synthetic RGB frames, using the same multiframe information fusion technique, combines all significant details from the three multispectral synthetic frame into a single synthetic output frame.
Novel Method to Control Temperature on Aluminum SideUsing Customized Proportional Controller Based onDisturbance Observer (2012)

This paper proposes the novel method to control temperature on the aluminum side by using customized proportional controller. Moreover, the system is applied disturbance observer to estimate heat disturbance, and compensate it. In the equipment part, the thermoelectric module is used Peltier device. This device is a type suitable for analysis thermal system, because the device has a fast respond and high stability. Also this proposal used high speed FPGA controller for the programming and signal processing. The result of this research can be guideline to analysis thermal systems on the aluminum side for various applications. Index Terms—Customization proportional controller (CP controller), proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller), temperature control, heat disturbance and disturbance observer.
The effect of long-term bisphosphonate therapy on trabecular bone strength and microcrack density (2017)

BP therapy had no detectable mechanical benefit in the specimens examined. Instead, its use was associated with substantially reduced bone strength. This low strength may be due to the greater accumulation of microcracks and a lack of any discernible improvement in bone volume or microarchitecture. This preliminary study suggests that the clinical impact of BP-induced microcrack accumulation may be significant.<b>Cite this article</b>: A. Jin, J. Cobb, U. Hansen, R. Bhattacharya, C. Reinhard, N. Vo, R. Atwood, J. Li, A. Karunaratne, C. Wiles, R. Abel. The effect of long-term bisphosphonate therapy on trabecular bone strength and microcrack density. <i>Bone Joint Res</i> 2017;6:602-609. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.610.BJR-2016-0321.R1.
Analysis of turn-to-turn faults in surface PM machines with multi-layer fractional-slot concentrated windings (2008)

Permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines are becoming increasingly popular for a wide range of applications. This is mainly due to the significant advantages they provide in terms of power density and efficiency. One of the key challenges of using PM machines is fault-tolerance issue as the machine cannot be simply de-excited. This becomes even more important in safety-critical applications. The most severe and probable type of fault is the turn-to-turn fault. This paper provides a thorough analysis of turn-to-turn faults in surface PM machines with multi-layer fractional-slot concentrated windings. Different winding arrangements, and different slot/pole combinations are analyzed.
Dynamicin vivo31P nuclear magnetic resonance study ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae in glucose-limited chemostat culture during the aerobic-anaerobic shift (2000)

The purpose of this work was to analyse in vivo the influence of sudden oxygen depletion on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grown in glucose-limited chemostat culture, using a recently developed cyclone reactor coupled with (31)P NMR spectroscopy. Before, during and after the transition, intracellular and extracellular phosphorylated metabolites as well as the pHs in the different cellular compartments were monitored with a time resolution of 2.5 min. The employed integrated NMR bioreactor system allowed the defined glucose-limited continuous cultivation of yeast at a density of 75 g DW/l and a p(O(2)) of 30% air saturation. A purely oxidative metabolism was maintained at all times. In vivo (31)P NMR spectra obtained were of excellent quality and even allowed the detection of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). During the switch from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, a rapid, significant decrease of intracellular ATP and PEP levels was observed and the cytoplasmic pH decreased from 7.5 to 6.8. This change, which was accompanied by a transient influx of extracellular inorganic phosphate (P(i)), appeared to correlate linearly with the decrease of the ATP concentration, suggesting that the cause of the partial collapse of the plasma membrane pH gradient was a reduced availability of ATP. The complete phosphorous balance established from our measurement data showed that polyphosphate was not the source of the increased intracellular P(i). The derived intracellular P(i), ATP and ADP concentration data confirmed that the glycolytic flux at the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and enolase enzymes is mainly controlled by thermodynamic constraints.