gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cabin Displacement Ventilation under Flight Conditions (2012)

For the first time cabin displacement ventilation (CDV) has been tested under flight conditions in a passenger aircraft cabin. We were able to validate the expected advantages of CDV in a reconfigured part of an A320 aircraft. A cabin flight test and a CDV installation, suitable for static as well as dynamic ground and flight tests were developed. Pure CDV provides low air velocities and turbulence levels, a high heat removal efficiency and a very good dynamic performance. Providing 30% of the total volume flow rate through the lateral outlets in a hybrid system allows for still comfortable flow veloci-ties and good heat removal efficiency, yet im-proves the temperature stratifications and the cooling and heating rates at the cabin surfaces. Both systems provide a very homogeneous tem-perature distribution among the different seat positions.
Virtual Induction Loops Based on Cooperative Vehicular Communications (2013)

Induction loop detectors have become the most utilized sensors in traffic management systems. The gathered traffic data is used to improve traffic efficiency (i.e., warning users about congested areas or planning new infrastructures). Despite their usefulness, their deployment and maintenance costs are expensive. Vehicular networks are an emerging technology that can support novel strategies for ubiquitous and more cost-effective traffic data gathering. In this article, we propose and evaluate VIL (Virtual Induction Loop), a simple and lightweight traffic monitoring system based on cooperative vehicular communications. The proposed solution has been experimentally evaluated through simulation using real vehicular traces.
Diabetes Mellitus in an Urbanized, Isolated Polynesian Population: The Funafuti Survey (1977)

An epidemiologic study of diabetes in the urbanized Polynesian population of Funafuti has established a prevalence of 8 per cent in subjects aged 10 years and over. Of these, only 0.9 per cent were known diabetics, and the remainder were diagnosed on the basis of a plasma glucose level of at least 160 mg/lOO ml. two hours after a 75 gm. glucose load. A further 5.9 per cent had borderline diabetes as judged by a two-hour postload plasma glucose of 140-159 mg./ 100 ml. In those aged 20 years and over, the prevalence of diabetes was 10.1 per cent, similar to that reported in other accuHurated Polynesian groups. The prevalence of both borderline diabetes and frank diabetes was twice as high in the females as in males. This difference appeared to be related to the greater degree of obesity in the females, but the prevalence was not related to parity. The increase in frequency of diabetes among these islanders coincides with a change of traditional island life style to that of urbanized Western populations. The results suggest that there may be 10 times the actual number of known diabetics in some Pacific populations.
New Series-Resonant Solid-State DC Transformer Providing Three Self-Stabilized Isolated Medium-Voltage Input Ports (2019)

This work analyzes the properties of a new four-port, series-resonant, and bidirectional DC transformer topology in steady-state and transient conditions. The investigated topology evolves from the Integration of Three (3) Series-Resonant Converters (I3SRC), enables the realization of a converter with high efficiency (99.0%) and high power density (7.1 kW/dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), due to the utilization of a three-phase High Frequency (HF) transformer and reduced capacitor currents in the secondary-side DC link, and features the use of a six-pack power module on the secondary side. The analysis is based on the results of detailed circuit simulations of an I3SRC, which takes the couplings between the phases, introduced by the three-phase transformer, into account and considers a DC transformer, i.e., DC-DC converter, with a total rated power of 15 kW, three primary-side DC voltages of 1.1 kV, and a secondary-side DC voltage of 700 V, which is a core part of a scaled demonstrator of a Solid-State Transformer (SST). The obtained findings clarify the self-stabilizing capabilities of the I3SRC for operation with Half-Cycle Discontinuous Conduction Mode (HC-DCM), even if the three isolated DC ports are subject to time-varying and substantially different power levels and different directions of energy transfer.
A Versatile Annulation Route to Primary-Amino-Substituted Naphthyridine Esters (2013)

A straightforward four-step synthesis of primary-amino-substituted naphthyridine esters from commercially available cyano­pyridines was described. The route makes use of a condensation reaction between pyridinyl acetates with <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA) to form <i>ortho</i>-cyano vinylogous carbamates. These intermediates can undergo facile cyclization with ammonium acetate in acetic acid to generate the corresponding naphthyridine esters in good synthetic yields. The synthesis of ­primary-amino-substituted 7-azaquinoxaline was also described.
Regulation of Spine Development by Semaphorin3A through Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Phosphorylation of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 1 (2007)

Collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1) is one of the CRMP family members that mediates signal transduction of axonal guidance and neuronal migration. We show here evidence that CRMP1 is involved in semaphorin3A (Sema3A)-induced spine development in the cerebral cortex. In the cultured cortical neurons from crmp1+/- mice, Sema3A increased the density of clusters of synapsin I and postsynaptic density-95, but this increase was markedly attenuated in crmp1-/- mice. This attenuation was also seen in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5)-/- neurons. Furthermore, the introduction of wild-type CRMP1 but not CRMP1-T509A/S522A, (Thr 509 and Ser 522 were replaced by Ala), a mutant that cannot be phosphorylated by Cdk5, into crmp1-/- neurons rescued the defect in Sema3A responsiveness. The Golgi-impregnation method showed that the crmp1-/- layer V cortical neurons showed a lower density of synaptic bouton-like structures and that this phenotype had genetic interaction with sema3A. These findings suggest that Sema3A-induced spine development is regulated by phosphorylation of CRMP1 by Cdk5.
Fault Diagnosis in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Regenerative Braking System (2014)

Regenerative braking is one of the most promising and environmentally friendly technologies used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles to improve energy efficiency and vehicle stability. This paper presents a systematic data-driven process for detecting and diagnosing faults in the regenerative braking system of hybrid electric vehicles. The diagnostic process involves signal processing and statistical techniques for feature extraction, data reduction for implementation in memory-constrained electronic control units, and variety of fault classification methodologies to isolate faults in the regenerative braking system. The results demonstrate that highly accurate fault diagnosis is possible with the classification methodologies. The process can be employed for fault analysis in a wide variety of systems, ranging from automobiles to buildings to aerospace systems.
Preferential Neuropathology in Respiratory‐Related Motor Nuclei in Pompe Mice (2015)

Pompe disease, caused by deficiency of acid alpha‐glucosidase (GAA), leads to glycogen accumulation, disruption of cellular architecture and neuromuscular impairments. Respiratory and lingual motor systems often decline first. We hypothesized neuropathology and neuroinflammation first develop in respiratory‐related motoneurons. Murine Pompe (Gaa ‐/‐ ) and 129 SVE wildtype (WT) tissues were stained for periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA‐1) to assess glycogen accumulation and microglial morphology, respectively. Strikingly, in 6 week old Gaa‐/‐ tissues, medullary pathology was restricted to the hypoglossal motor nucleus, and spinal pathology was most extensive in phrenic and intercostal motor nuclei. Gaa‐/‐ tissues had greater co‐localization of microglia and neurons. With aging, PAS‐positive neurons became prevalent in sensory‐related medullary and spinal regions. By 12 months, most neurons showed neuropathology and overt glycogen accumulation. Furthermore, in adult Gaa ‐/‐ tissues, TUNEL positive staining was identified in respiratory‐related motor nuclei, suggesting apoptosis contributes to neuromotor impairments. These data indicate respiratory neurons are particularly susceptible in Gaa ‐/‐ mice, and show neuroinflammation and apoptosis in and around Gaa ‐/‐ respiratory neurons for the first time. Funding: 2R01HD052682‐06A1
A Digital-to-Time Converter Based on Crystal Oscillator Waveform Achieving 86-fs Jitter in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS (2022)

In this paper, we propose a digital-to-time conversion (DTC) technique operating entirely in the sinusiodal waveform voltage domain of a crystal oscillator (XO) before the signal's final slicing into the time-domain of the programmably delayed clock, with a deterministic predistortion to further improve the linearity. Precise timing delay is obtained by simply adjusting the dc offset of the sine signal. The technique merges the functionality of DTC with XO generation, thus drastically reducing the power consumption, while offering wide range with fine resolution, low noise and high linearity. Fabricated in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS, the prototype of XO+DTC consumes only 0.52 mW while achieving a 546 ps range with fine resolution of 266 fs. The rms jitter is only 86.6 fs at a frequency of 100 MHz.
Hydrogen site occupancy and strength of forces in nanosized metal hydrides (2012)

The dipole force components in nanosized metal hydrides are quantitatively determined with curvature and x-ray diffraction measurements. Ab initio density functional theory is used to calculate the dipole components and the symmetry of the strain field. The hydrogen occupancy in a 100-nm-thick V film is shown to be tetrahedral with a slight asymmetry at low concentration, and a transition to octahedral occupancy is shown to take place at around 0.07 [H/V] at 360 K. When the thickness of the V layer is reduced to 3 nm and biaxially strained, in a Fe${}_{0.5}$V${}_{0.5}$/V superlattice, the hydrogen unequivocally occupies octahedral $z$-like sites, even at and below concentrations of 0.02 [H/V].
Table S4 from Rhabdoid Tumors Are Sensitive to the Protein-Translation Inhibitor Homoharringtonine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Raw data for follow-up xenograft studies. Note different tabs for each xenograft type.&lt;/p&gt;
Elicitation of Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting the V2 Apex of the HIV Envelope Trimer in a Wild-Type Animal Model (2017)

Recent efforts toward HIV vaccine development include the design of immunogens that can engage B cell receptors with the potential to affinity mature into broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). V2-apex bnAbs, which bind a protein-glycan region on HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, are among the most broad and potent described. We show here that a rare "glycan hole" at the V2 apex is enriched in HIV isolates neutralized by inferred precursors of prototype V2-apex bnAbs. To investigate whether this feature could focus neutralizing responses onto the apex bnAb region, we immunized wild-type rabbits with soluble trimers adapted from these Envs. Potent autologous tier 2 neutralizing responses targeting basic residues in strand C of the V2 region, which forms the core epitope for V2-apex bnAbs, were observed. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from these animals display features promising for subsequent broadening of the response.
Fabrication-Tolerant Design for High-Power, Single-Lobe, Surface-Emitting Quantum Cascade Lasers (2021)

Grating-coupled, surface-emitting (GCSE) quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) of linear geometry generally operate in an antisymmetric mode, which is undesirable due to its double-lobed far-field beam pattern. The antisymmetric mode can be suppressed by designing 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order metal/semiconductor gratings that favor symmetric-mode operation, but using such an approach requires tight tolerances in grating duty cycle that impair fabrication yields. Alternatively, the grating can be designed to favor antisymmetric-mode operation with single-lobe emission by using a central π-phaseshift. Here we show that such a design is highly fabrication tolerant. Simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics are performed followed by finite-length analysis using coupled-mode theory and the transfer-matrix method, as well as a semi-empirical QCL model for predicting CW performance. The analysis reveals a device of significantly higher tolerance for fabrication errors, operating in a single-lobe beam pattern to 0.63 W CW, although the emitted power scales less efficiently with length than for symmetric-mode operating devices.
Characterizing power performance and wake of a wind turbine under yaw and blade pitch (2015)

Abstract Wind turbine wakes have been recognized as a key issue causing underperformance in existing wind farms. In order to improve the performance and reduce the cost of energy from wind farms, one approach is to develop innovative methods to improve the net capacity factor by reducing wake losses. The output power and characteristics of the wake of a utility‐scale wind turbine under yawed flow is studied to explore the possibility of improving the overall performance of wind farms. Preliminary observations show that the power performance of a turbine does not degrade significantly under yaw conditions up to approximately 10°. Additionally, a yawed wind turbine may be able to deflect its wake in the near‐wake region, changing the wake trajectory downwind, with the progression of the far wake being dependent on several atmospheric factors such as wind streaks. Changes in the blade pitch angle also affect the characteristics of the turbine wake and are also examined in this paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Temporal activation of anti- and pro-apoptotic factors in human gingival fibroblasts infected with the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis: potential role of bacterial proteases in host signalling (2006)

The pathology of the gingival fibroblast in P. gingivalis infection is affected by a temporal shift from cellular survival response to apoptosis, regulated by a number of anti- and pro-apoptotic molecules. The gingipain group of proteases affects bacteria-host interactions and may directly promote apoptosis by intracellular proteolytic activation of caspase-3.
Experimental Liquid Viscosity of Pentane + Octane + Decane Mixtures from 298.15 to 373.15 K up to 25 MPa (1999)

We have measured the liquid viscosity of the ternary system n-pentane + octane + decane using a rolling-ball viscometer at temperatures from 298.15 to 373.15 K with pressures up to 25 MPa. These mixture measurements agree with calculated results from existing correlations within 6%.
Advancing Our Understanding of the Glucose System via Modeling: A Perspective (2014)

The glucose story begins with Claude Bernard's discovery of glycogen and milieu interieur, continued with Banting's and Best's discovery of insulin and with Rudolf Schoenheimer's paradigm of dynamic body constituents. Tracers and compartmental models allowed moving to the first quantitative pictures of the system and stimulated important developments in terms of modeling methodology. Three classes of multiscale models, models to measure, models to simulate, and models to control the glucose system, are reviewed in their historical development with an eye to the future.
The folded axon/dendrite tree neuron model (2002)

One type of neurocomputer recently proposed, the folded-array digital neural emulator using tree accumulation and communication structures, incorporates a new concept in representing an artificial digital neuron. Beginning from the parallel distributed processing (PDP) neuron model, the folded-array digital neural emulator is briefly described. Then by applying the folded-array concepts to the PDP model, the folded axon/dendrite tree neuron is created which, in a general form, represents a new model for the neural paradigm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rapid position estimation using electromagnetic induction data from the MetalMapper in dynamic mode (2011)

Dynamic data from the MetalMapper electromagnetic induction sensor are analyzed using a fast inversion algorithm in order to obtain position information of buried anomalies. After validating the algorithm by comparing static and dynamic inversions from reference measurements at Camp San Luis Obispo, the algorithm is applied to realistic dynamic measurements from Camp Butner. A sequence of 939 data points are inverted as the MetalMapper travels along a calibration lane, flagging a few positions as corresponding to buried anomalies. An a posteriori comparison with field plots reveals a good agreement between the flagged positions and the field peak values, suggesting the efficacy of the algorithm at detecting a large variety of anomalies from dynamic data.
Cyclic Voltammetry as a Potential Predictive Method for Supported Nanocrystalline Gold Catalysts for Oxidation in Aqueous Media (2006)

Nanocrystalline supported Au is a potent catalyst for oxidation of alcohols and polyols in aqueous media using oxygen in which exclusive formation of the mono-acid can be observed. However, relatively non-selective catalysts for the same reaction can also be prepared. Herein we present a detailed characterization study of wholly selective and nonselective Au/graphite catalysts used in the oxidation of glycerol to glyceric acid using a combination of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Analysis using TEM, a technique that is often incisive with supported Au catalysts, in this particular case shows that the non-selective catalysts comprise relatively larger Au crystallites as compared to those of the more selective catalysts. In addition, a set of three Au/C with different selectivities for glyceric acid were characterized using TEM but no discernable differences were observed which could be correlated with the selectivity differences. A detailed study using CV shows distinct differences between the four catalysts. In particular, differences in the activity and selectivity of these Au/graphite catalysts towards glycerol oxidation can be correlated to differences in the relative rates of formation of the selective oxygen species and surface poisons as determined using cyclic voltammetry. It is considered that these cyclic voltammetry correlations can have predictive potential for supported Au catalysts.
The Nature and Oxidative Reactivity of Urban Magnetic Nanoparticle Dust Provide New Insights into Potential Neurotoxicity Studies (2020)

The recent discovery of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in human brain tissue has raised concerns regarding their source and neurotoxicity. As previous studies have suggested that magnetite in urban dust may be the source, we collected urban magnetic dust and thoroughly characterized the nature of ambient urban magnetic dust particles prior to investigating their neurotoxic potential. In addition to magnetite, magnetic dust contained an abundance (∼40%) of elemental iron (Fe<sup>0</sup>). The coexistence of magnetite and elemental iron was found in magnetic dust particles of inhalable (<10 μm) and nanoscale (<200 nm) size ranges with these particles small enough to enter the human brain via the respiratory tract and olfactory bulbs. The magnetic dust also contained nonferrous water-soluble metals (particularly Cu) that can induce formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies used engineered pure-magnetite for <i>in vitro</i> ROS studies. However, while magnetite was present in all magnetic dust particles collected, engineered pure-magnetite was relatively unreactive and contributed minimally to the generation of ROS. We fill a critical knowledge gap between exposure to heterogeneous ambient iron-particles and <i>in vitro</i> experiments with engineered versus ambient, incidental iron-bearing nanoscale minerals. Our work points to the need to further investigate the presence and properties of magnetic NPs in respirable dust with respect to their potential role in neurodegeneration.
How the brain evolved (1992)

Part of a series which aims to inform non-specialists about recent developments in science, this book examines the recent discovery of the genes that influence the development of the brain in the embryo. The book describes the basics of cerebral structure, cell formation, the mechanisms by which the brain controls thoughts and emotions, recent theories on thought and language, and the nature of human consciousness.
A Taxonomy of Model-Based Testing for Embedded Systems from Multiple Industry Domains (2011)

This chapter provides a taxonomy of Model-Based Testing (MBT) based on the approaches that are presented throughout this book as well as in the related literature. The techniques for testing are categorized using a number of dimensions to familiarize the reader with the terminology used throughout the chapters that follow.
Synthesis of Short-Lived Radioactive Compound H<sub>2</sub><sup>15</sup>O Utilizing Activation of Gas Target by A Laser-Driven Deuteron Beam (2012)

Radioactive water was obtained using a laser-driven deuteron beam. A Ti:sapphire tabletop laser was used to generate optical pulses with a peak power of 36 TW, a pulse duration of 30 fs, and a repetition frequency of 10 Hz. The pulses were focused on a tape target to accelerate deuterons via laser-plasma interaction. The deuterons were incident on nitrogen gas held in a gas chamber. Short-lived positron emitters of 15O were created via a nuclear reaction of 14N (d, n)15O in the chamber and were carried to a synthetic instrument. After laser irradiation for 180 s, we confi rmed activity of 1.2 ± 0.5 Bq in the form of water molecules included in the liquid. To obtain radioactive water, we developed two main experimental techniques: automatic adjustment of laser focusing in a vacuum environment; and image evaluation of the spatial distribution of a deuteron beam.
Ciprofloxacin Induces an Immunomodulatory Stress Response in Human T Lymphocytes (1998)

Exposure of cells to adverse environmental conditions invokes a genetically programmed series of events resulting in the induction of specific genes. The fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin has recently been reported to upregulate interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene induction. In the present investigation, the effect of ciprofloxacin at supratherapeutic concentrations on immediate-early (<2 h) gene expression in primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied with Northern blots. In addition, transcriptional activity of IL-2 and metallothionein enhancer and promoter regions and transcription factors AP-1, NF-kappaB, and NF-AT were analyzed by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, respectively. The concentration of c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, junB, and fra-1 mRNAs was increased in activated peripheral blood lymphocytes incubated with ciprofloxacin compared to that in untreated controls. Ciprofloxacin increased CAT activity in stimulated lymphocytes transfected with plasmids containing either the IL-2 or metallothionein enhancer. Furthermore, among the transcription factors tested, AP-1 activity was increased in stimulated purified T helper lymphocytes incubated with ciprofloxacin compared to drug-free controls. Taken together, ciprofloxacin increased the levels of immediate-early transcripts, enhanced IL-2 and metallothionein promoter induction, and upregulated AP-1 concentrations in primary lymphocytes, reflecting a program commonly observed in mammalian stress responses.