gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Assessment of RF-Integrated LTCC Front End Modules (2004)

The thermal performance of front end module (FEM) incorporating low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) substrate is investigated. An infrared microscope system was used to measure device surface temperature with both RF and dc power. Various duty cycles (25% to 100%) were applied to characterize the thermal performance of the device for different power densities. The maximum junction temperature occurs at the second stage: under dc powering at 100% duty cycle, it reaches 134/spl deg/C. The comparison between numerical and experimental data indicates good agreement, with less than 10% difference in the peak temperature values. When replacing the common 2-layer organic substrate with a 14-layer LTCC substrate and silver paste metallization, the peak junction temperature reaches 130.1/spl deg/C, /spl sim/51% higher compared to the baseline case using a 2-layer organic substrate with copper metallization. However, by increasing the silver paste thermal conductivity from 90 to 350 W/mK, a significant drop in peak temperatures occurs, indicating the impact on the module's overall thermal performance. For the case with 350 W/mK, the peak temperature reaches 82.9/spl deg/C, almost 3% lower than the baseline case with 2-layer organic substrate. The top metal layer thickness (10 versus 30 /spl mu/s) contributed only to 5%-8% change in the peak junction temperature. An improved FEM design incorporates a higher thermal conductivity silver paste material (300 W/mK) and a new thermal via array structure (25 vias, 150 /spl mu/s in diameter each) in the LTCC substrate. The module junction temperature reaches 96/spl deg/C (based on 25/spl deg/C reference temperature and 100% duty cycle), corresponding to a junction-to-substrate (R/sub js/) thermal resistance of 14/spl deg/C/W. Further study reveals that 20% voiding placed at the die center has no impact on FEM thermal performance, while the voiding placed at the die corner (under the heat dissipating stages) increases the stage peak temperature by more than 40/spl deg/C. The last part of this paper focuses on several designs to reduce the manufacturing and assembly costs, while maintaining reasonable FEM thermal performance. Analyses suggest that two particular designs provide the optimal thermal performance when reducing the thermal via number/costs by almost 40%.
Real-life 24-week changes in glycemic parameters among European users of flash glucose monitoring with type 1 and 2 diabetes and different levels of glycemic control (2023)

24-weeks FLASH use in real life by persons with T1DM and T2DM with suboptimal glycemic regulation is associated with improvement of glycemic parameters, irrespective of pre-use regulation or treatment modality.
Genetic Determinants Involved in the Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to β-Lactam Antibiotics (2010)

The resistome of P. aeruginosa for three β-lactam antibiotics, namely, ceftazidime, imipenem, and meropenem, was deciphered by screening a comprehensive PA14 mutant library for mutants with increased or reduced susceptibility to these antimicrobials. Confirmation of the phenotypes of all selected mutants was performed by Etest. Of the total of 78 confirmed mutants, 41 demonstrated a reduced susceptibility phenotype and 37 a supersusceptibility (i.e., altered intrinsic resistance) phenotype, with 6 mutants demonstrating a mixed phenotype, depending on the antibiotic. Only three mutants demonstrated reduced (PA0908) or increased (glnK and ftsK) susceptibility to all three antibiotics. Overall, the mutant profiles of susceptibility suggested distinct mechanisms of action and resistance for the three antibiotics despite their similar structures. More detailed analysis indicated important roles for novel and known β-lactamase regulatory genes, for genes with likely involvement in barrier function, and for a range of regulators of alginate biosynthesis.
The Influence of H2Plasma Treatment on LWR Mitigation: The Importance of EUV Photoresist Composition (2015)

To meet the demands for sub-20 nm feature devices in the semiconductor industry, minimizing the line width roughness (LWR) is a critical concern for ultra-large scale integrated circuit manufacturing. Post-lithography treatments should reduce the LWR by at least 50% to meet the technology requirements, but the available post-lithography strategies come short. To support the delayed progress, an in depth understanding of the interaction of such post-lithography treatments with EUV-specific resist functionalities is required. In this article, we analyze the change in line widths and LWR's for 30–35 nm lines using EUV photoresists. In addition we study the effect of the chemical composition on the reduction of LWR after hydrogen plasma treatment using “artificially” prepared reference resists. We highlight the effect of the fluorine unit, ester functionalities and photo acid generator/quencher loading on the LWR improvement and H2 plasma induced reflow.
On the suitability of lanthanides as actinide analogs (2008)

With the current level of actinide materials used in civilian power generation and the need for safe and efficient methods for the chemical separation of these species from their daughter products and for long-term storage requirements, a detailed understanding of actinide chemistry is of great importance. Due to the unique bonding properties of the f-elements, the lanthanides are commonly used as structural and chemical models for the actinides, but differences in the bonding between these 4f and 5f elements has become a question of immediate applicability to separations technology. This brief overview of actinide coordination chemistry in the Raymond group at UC Berkeley/LBNL examines the validity of using lanthanide analogs as structural models for the actinides, with particular attention paid to single crystal X-ray diffraction structures. Although lanthanides are commonly accepted as reasonable analogs for the actinides, these comparisons suggest the careful study of actinide materials independent of their lanthanide analogs to be of utmost importance to present and future efforts in nuclear industries.
Analysis of Certain Aspects of Forced Commutated HVDC Inverters (1981)

Previous researchers have analyzed the forced commutated HVDC Inverter and have concluded that it could be used to meet the reactive power requirements, and even to supply reactive power at the inverter terminals.
Preparing the “Soil”: The Premetastatic Niche (2006)

Current focus on cancer metastasis has centered on the intrinsic factors regulating the cell autonomous homing of the tumor cells to the metastatic site. Specific up-regulation of fibronectin and clustering of bone marrow-derived cellular infiltrates coexpressing matrix metalloproteinases in distant tissue sites before tumor cell arrival are proving to be indispensable for the initial stages of metastasis. These bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitors that express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 mobilize in response to the unique array of growth factors produced by the primary tumor. Their arrival in distant sites represents early changes in the local microenvironment, termed the "premetastatic niche," which dictate the pattern of metastatic spread. Focus on the early cellular and molecular events in cancer dissemination and selectivity will likely lead to new approaches to detect and prevent metastasis at its earliest inception.
Growth and electrical properties of AlOx grown by mist chemical vapor deposition (2013)

Aluminum oxide (AlOx) thin films were grown using aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) as a source solute by mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD). The AlOx thin films grown at temperatures above 400°C exhibited a breakdown field (EBD) over 6 MV/cm and a dielectric constant (κ) over 6. It is suggested that residual OH bonding in the AlOx thin films grown at temperatures below 375°C caused degradation of the breakdown field (EBD). With FC type mist CVD, the reaction proceeded efficiently (Ea = 22–24 kJ/mol) because the solvent, especially H2O, worked as a stronger oxygen source. The AlOx film could be grown at 450°C with a high deposition rate (23 nm/min) and smooth surface (RMS = 1.5 nm). Moreover, the AlOx thin films grown by mist CVD had excellent practicality as insulators because the gate leakage current (IG) of the oxide thin film transistor (TFT) with an IGZO/AlOx stack was suppressed below 1 pA at a gate voltage (VG) of 20 V.
Polygenic Hyperlipidemias and Coronary Artery Disease Risk (2020)

The CAD risk associated with a high polygenic load for lipid-increasing variants was proportional to their impact on lipid levels and partially overlapping with a CAD PRS. In contrast with a PRS for CAD, the lipid PRSs point to known and directly modifiable risk factors providing additional guidance for clinical translation.
A Novel Reagent for the Synthesis of Branched-chain Functionalized Sugars. Dichloromethyllithium (1991)

Abstract A few novel branched-chain functionalized sugars, which have important functions such as hydroxyl, hydro, chloro, or azido at quaternary carbon were prepared in good yield via the same intermediary spiro chloroepoxide derivative by use of dichloromethyllithium.
Identification and structure characterization of five synthetic opioids: 3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700, o-methyl-acetylfentanyl, 2-thiophenefentanyl, benzoylfentanyl and benzoylbenzylfentanyl (2020)

Abstract Purpose The number of new synthetic opioids, especially fentanyl analogs, on the illicit market is increasing each year and becoming a disturbing phenomenon. Due to the very high potency, ease of addiction and high risk of overdose with the fatal effect, they pose a serious threat to public health. The ever-changing drug market, lack of reference standards and low doses make this class of new psychoactive substances (NPS) a continual analytical challenge in terms of detection and identification. Structure elucidations of five synthetic opioids are described in this paper. Methods Unequivocal identifications were performed using liquid chromatography–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry with quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer (LC–QTOF-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with prior chromatographic purification of the sample in each case. Results Identified NPS included one non-fentanyl opioid belonging to “U-compounds group”—3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700 and four fentanyl analogs: o -methyl-acetylfentanyl, benzoylfentanyl, 2-thiophenefentanyl and benzoylbenzylfentanyl. Conclusions Complementary LC–QTOF-MS/MS and NMR techniques enabled the unambiguous identification of new synthetic opioids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive characterization of these five NPS with complete data which are published to facilitate their detection and identification by forensic and clinical laboratories.
In Vitro Replication of SIVcpz Is Suppressed by β -Chemokines and CD8 + T Cells But Not by Natural Killer Cells of Infected Chimpanzees (2002)

Unlike humans, chimpanzees are relatively resistant to AIDS after infection with HIV-1 or simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzee (SIVcpz). We hypothesized that resistance to disease progression is associated with efficient suppression of virus replication possibly by beta-chemokines secreted by CD8+ lymphocytes and especially natural killer (NK) cells. In vitro suppression of virus replication can be easily studied in SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees because they produce high infectious virus titers in their peripheral blood. A study was undertaken to assess the sensitivity of SIVcpz to beta-chemokines in vitro and to investigate the role of endogenous beta-chemokines in relation to the in vitro capacity of CD8+ lymphocytes and NK cells of chimpanzees to suppress SIVcpz replication. Our results show that SIVcpz uses CCR5 as a coreceptor to gain cell entry and is sensitive to recombinant beta-chemokines in vitro. Here we report that despite their potent capacity to produce RANTES, NK cells of infected chimpanzees do not suppress SIVcpz replication in vitro, in contrast to CD8+ lymphocytes. We also show that endogenous beta-chemokines are not the predominant factors mediating in vitro suppression.
Synthetic D‐ and L‐enantiomers of 2,2‐difluoro‐2‐deoxy‐myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate interact differently with myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate binding proteins: Identification of a potent small molecule 3‐kinase inhibitor (1992)

The ability of two enantiomeric fluoro-analogues of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] to mobilize intracellular Ca2+ stores in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells has been investigated. (-)-D-2,2-difluoro-2-deoxy-myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3 [D-2,2-F2-Ins(1,4,5)P3] was a full agonist [EC50 0.21 microM] and slightly less potent than D-Ins(1,4,5)P3 [EC50 0.13 microM]. (+)-L-2,2-F2Ins(1,4,5)P3 was a very poor agonist, confirming the stereospecificity of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor. D-2,2-F2-Ins(1,4,5)P3 mobilized Ca2+ with broadly similar kinetics to Ins(1,4,5)P3 and was a substrate for Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase inhibiting Ins(1,4,5)P3 phosphorylation (apparent Ki = 10.2 microM) but was recognised less well than Ins(1,4,5)P3. L-2,2-F2-Ins(1,4,5)P3 was a potent competitive inhibitor of 3-kinase (Ki = 11.9 microM). Whereas D-2,2-F2-Ins(1,4,5)P3 was a good substrate for Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatase, L-2,2-F2Ins(1,4,5)P3 was a relatively potent inhibitor (Ki = 19.0 microM).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A DIALKYL PHOSPHOROISOCYANIDATE (1975)

Abstract Das Dioxaphosphorinan (I) wird mit Sulfurylchlorid in das Chlorid (II) übergeführt, das m′it äquimolaren Mengen Kaliumselenocyanat in das Isoselenocyanat (III) übergeht.
Local conductivity of epitaxial Fe-doped SrTiO3thin films (2011)

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements have been performed for Fe-doped SrTiO3 thin films with an Fe concentration of 1 and 2 at%. Thin films with a thickness of 15–50 nm were grown by pulsed laser deposition on single crystalline SrTi0.99Nb0.01O3 substrates. Low-energy electron diffraction examination showed that the films are single crystalline. The regions treated with the AFM tip (applied dc voltage up to 6 V) showed inhomogeneity of the electrical conductivity. Resistive switching was studied by the use of local conductive atomic force microscopy and was present in all samples. Fe doping was found to influence the character of switching.
Improved resolution of submicron KrF laser ablation of polymers by a new filtered imaging irradiation (2004)

Rédigé en avril 2004
Characterization, comparison, and optimization of lattice light sheets (2023)

Lattice light sheet microscopy excels at the noninvasive imaging of three-dimensional (3D) dynamic processes at high spatiotemporal resolution within cells and developing embryos. Recently, several papers have called into question the performance of lattice light sheets relative to the Gaussian sheets most common in light sheet microscopy. Here, we undertake a theoretical and experimental analysis of various forms of light sheet microscopy, which demonstrates and explains why lattice light sheets provide substantial improvements in resolution and photobleaching reduction. The analysis provides a procedure to select the correct light sheet for a desired experiment and specifies the processing that maximizes the use of all fluorescence generated within the light sheet excitation envelope for optimal resolution while minimizing image artifacts and photodamage. We also introduce a new type of "harmonic balanced" lattice light sheet that improves performance at all spatial frequencies within its 3D resolution limits and maintains this performance over lengthened propagation distances allowing for expanded fields of view.
Imaging Enterobacteriaceae infection in vivo with 18 F-fluorodeoxysorbitol positron emission tomography (2014)

The Enterobacteriaceae are a family of rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria that normally inhabit the gastrointestinal tract and are the most common cause of Gram-negative bacterial infections in humans. In addition to causing serious multidrug-resistant, hospital-acquired infections, a number of Enterobacteriaceae species are also recognized as biothreat pathogens. As a consequence, new tools are urgently needed to specifically identify and localize infections due to Enterobacteriaceae and to monitor antimicrobial efficacy. In this report, we used commercially available 2-[(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) to produce 2-[(18)F]-fluorodeoxysorbitol ((18)F-FDS), a radioactive probe for Enterobacteriaceae, in 30 min. (18)F-FDS selectively accumulated in Enterobacteriaceae, but not in Gram-positive bacteria or healthy mammalian or cancer cells in vitro. In a murine myositis model, (18)F-FDS positron emission tomography (PET) rapidly differentiated true infection from sterile inflammation with a limit of detection of 6.2 ± 0.2 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) for Escherichia coli. Our findings were extended to models of mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative thigh co-infections, brain infection, Klebsiella pneumonia, and mice undergoing immunosuppressive chemotherapy. This technique rapidly and specifically localized infections due to Enterobacteriaceae, providing a three-dimensional holistic view within the animal. Last, (18)F-FDS PET monitored the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment, demonstrating a PET signal proportionate to the bacterial burden. Therapeutic failures associated with multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli infections were detected in real time. Together, these data show that (18)F-FDS is a candidate imaging probe for translation to human clinical cases of known or suspected infections owing to Enterobacteriaceae.
Improving Diabetes Conventional Therapy via Machine Learning Modeling (2019)

Glucose is a major source of energy for the human body and it is essential that blood glucose levels are maintained within a safe range. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the deficiency of insulin, a hormone which is secreted by the pancreas and is responsible for blood glucose regulation. Thus, T1D patients need exogenous insulin injections to keep the blood glucose level within a safe range. However, the post-prandial (PP) glucose regulation remains a challenging issue for diabetes treatment. In order to improve PP glucose concentrations, a data-driven modeling approach to adjust the meal-related insulin dose is proposed. Specifically, an individualized regression model able to correct the meal bolus computed with the conventional therapy is developed in order to handle the inter-patient variability characterising T1D patients that may affect PP glucose regulation. Moreover, the proposed approach exploits specific models for different day periods on the basis of the intra-day variability of insulin sensitivity. The individualized therapy is validated both on nominal and perturbed scenarios by using the UVA/PADOVA simulator, which is accepted by the FDA as a substitute for pre-clinical animal trials, and the results of a case study are reported.
Insulin action in pancreatic acini from streptozotocin-treated rats. I. Stimulation of protein synthesis (1981)

Pancreatic acini were prepared from rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. In this tissue, insulin stimulated [3H]leucine incorporation into protein. The full effects of insulin on this function were not immediate but increased linearly with time for up to 2 h of incubation. Insulin had a detectable effect on l eucine incorporation at 50 pM, a half-maximal effect at 0.7 nM, and a maximal effect at 30 nM. Desdipeptide proinsulin was only 10% as potent as native insulin in stimulating [3H]leucine incorporation, whereas proinsulin and desoctapeptide insulin were only 1% as potent. Insulin also increased the incorporation of [3H]valine and [35S]methionine into protein but did not increase the influx of either [14C]cycloleucine or alpha-[3H]aminoisobutyric acid. These observations suggested that the increased incorporation of labeled amino acid into protein reflected stimulation of protein synthesis rather than stimulation of amino acid transport. Furthermore, insulin at 1.67 nM significantly increased the acinar cell concentration of amylase. The present findings are consistent therefore with the concept that insulin regulates pancreatic exocrine functions, including protein and enzyme synthesis.
Syntheses and Biological Activity of the HDAC Class I Inhibitor Largazole (2009)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors are an emerging class of antiproliferative agents that have the potential to combat cancer on an epigenetic level. The recently reported marine natural product largazole has been recently isolated in trace amounts from cyanobacteria and displays a very potent and selective antiproliferative activity towards a number of cell lines. Several lines of evidence suggested it might act as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. These compelling properties have generated considerable interest in the synthetic community which resulted in several total syntheses of largazole. The present review offers a brief overview of the synthetic routes and some early structure–activity relationships.
ASF: a practical simulation-based methodology for the synthesis of custom analog circuits (2001)

This paper describes ASF, a novel cell-level analog synthesis framework that can size and bias a given circuit topology subject to a set of performance objectives and a manufacturing process. To manage complexity and time-to-market, SoC designs require a high level of automation and reuse. Digital methodologies are inapplicable to analog IP, which relies on tight control of low-level device and circuit properties that vary widely across manufacturing processes. This analog synthesis solution automates these tedious, technology specific aspects of analog design. Unlike previously proposed approaches, ASF extends the prevalent and SPICE methodology used to design analog and mixed-signal circuits. ASF is topology and technology independent and can be easily integrated into a commercial schematic capture design environment. Furthermore, ASF employs a novel numerical optimization formulation that incorporates classical downhill techniques into stochastic search. ASF consistently produces results comparable to expert manual design with 10/spl times/ fewer candidate solution evaluations than previously published approaches that rely on traditional stochastic optimization methods.
Investigation of high Δεderivatives of the [closo-1-CB9H10]−anion for liquid crystal display applications (2014)

Two series of sulfonium zwitterions of the [<italic>closo</italic>-1-CB<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>]<sup>−</sup>anion were prepared and investigated as high Δ<italic>ε</italic>additives to nematics.
Energy Level of Europium Ion in Strontium Aluminate Phosphor by Density Functional Calculation (2011)

Abstract not Available.