gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of mixture ingredients on interlayer adhesion of concrete in Contour Crafting (2018)

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the strength at interlayer of specimens fabricated using Contour Crafting (CC) to develop a concrete mixture for large-scale three-dimensional printing. Design/methodology/approach The collected data from several experiments were analyzed to understand significant factors and their interactions. After developing the empirical model, condition for maximum desirability was identified and the model was validated. Findings The experimental investigation of varied combination of concrete components introduced an empirical model which can predict the strength at interface. Moreover, an optimized mixture within constrains of the CC nozzle was developed and validated. Originality/value Several experimental samples were tested, and the derived empirical model was validated after more than 600 h of work.
Significance of Softmax-based Features in Comparison to Distance Metric Learning-based Features (2019)

End-to-end distance metric learning (DML) has been applied to obtain features useful in many computer vision tasks. However, these DML studies have not provided equitable comparisons between features extracted from DML-based networks and softmax-based networks. In this paper, we present objective comparisons between these two approaches under the same network architecture.
Design Study of a Table-Top THz Free-Electron Laser for Security Inspection (2010)

We have designed a table-top terahertz (THz) free electron laser (FEL). The main issue of the FEL design is to decrease radiation losses at a FEL resonator except outcoupling ratio. Also reducing the number of undulator periods and total undulator length is important to increase FEL conversion efficiency and to reduce its size. The FEL consists of a magnetron-based microtron having an energy of ~5 MeV, a strong electromagnetic helical undulator having the period of ~25 mm, and a cylindrical waveguide-mode optical resonator. The total diameter of the microtron is approximately 50 cm and the macropulse current is more than 50 mA. The size of the system is expected to be 1x2 m2 . The condition for lowloss and high-gain oscillator of the table-top FEL has been studied by using a 2-D FEL code. Simple injection scheme of the electron beam to the undulator was optimized by calculating beam trajectories with a 3-D PIC code. The average THz power is calculated to be 1 W with the tunable wavelength range from 200 µm to 500 µm. The FEL is expected to be used for the real-time imaging of security inspection.
Physiological Effects of Schizophrenic Body Fluids (1959)

Controversy has raged for over half a century as to whether schizophrenia, the most severe of all mental illnesses, could have an organic basis or whether its origin lay strictly in the psyche. Over the years, physiologists have probed into almost every aspect of the soma in the quest for some abnormality which would account for the schizophrenic syndrome. Many possibilities have been considered, investigated to a degree and then abandoned when definitive answers were not forthcoming. A dominant approach throughout has been the search for some psychotoxic material circulating in schizophrenic body fluids. Activity has been spurred by the recurrent recognition that chemical agents such as the ergot alkaloids, mescaline, bulbocapnine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), could induce in normal persons transient mental disturbances similar to those seen in schizophrenia.
Periodically Oriented GaN for Optical Parametric Generation (2012)

Methods for growing periodically alternating polarities of GaN on GaN substrates have been developed. The resulting periodically oriented samples demonstrate feasibility of the method for producing structures of utility in optical parametric generation.
Emerging insights into the molecular and cellular basis of glioblastoma (2012)

Glioblastoma is both the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor. Extensive multiplatform genomic characterization has provided a higher-resolution picture of the molecular alterations underlying this disease. These studies provide the emerging view that "glioblastoma" represents several histologically similar yet molecularly heterogeneous diseases, which influences taxonomic classification systems, prognosis, and therapeutic decisions.
HutchWorld (2002)

To address the needs of cancer patients and their caregivers, Microsoft Research and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center developed HutchWorld, an online community environment, to provide computer-mediated social and informational support. In a controlled clinical study, we deployed HutchWorld to bone marrow transplant patients and their caregivers and assessed the impact of Internet access and HutchWorld on their quality of life. We found that Internet access and the use of HutchWorld helped to buffer study participants against reductions in life satisfaction and social support following the transplant procedure. In particular, participants used the Internet to seek out support from family and friends
Non-photosynthetic bacteria produce photocurrent mediated by NADH (2023)

In recent years, the concern from the global climate change has driven an urgent need to develop clean energy technologies that do not involve combustion process that emit carbon into the atmosphere. A promising concept is microbial fuel cells that utilize bacteria as electron donors in a bio-electrochemical cell performing a direct electron transfer via conductive protein complexes or by secretion of redox active metabolites such as quinone or phenazine derivatives. In the case of photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria) electrons can also be extracted from the photosynthetic pathway mediated mostly by NADH and NADPH. In this work, we show for the first time that the intact non-photosynthetic bacteria <i>Escherichia coli</i> can produce photocurrent that is enhanced upon addition of an exogenous electron mediator. Furthermore, we apply 2D-fluorescence measurement to show that NADH is released from the bacterial cells, which may apply as a native electron mediator in microbial fuel cells.
A negative selection scheme based on the expression of cytosine deaminase in plastids (1997)

The enzyme cytosine deaminase (CD) encoded by codA catalyzes deamination of cytosine to uracil. CD is present in prokaryotes and in many eukaryotic micro‐organisms, but is absent in higher plants. 5‐fluorocytosine (5FC) is metabolized in CD‐expressing cells, causing cellular death. A chimeric codA has been introduced into the tobacco plastid genome and 5FC was used to select against tissue culture cells and seedlings expressing CD. This negative selection scheme will be useful in identifying nuclear genes which control plastid gene expression in higher plants.
DNA Chemistry and Biology (1999)

DNA is one of the fundamental molecules of all life as we know it. Yet many of the features of DNA as described in more elementary sources are incorrect or at least misleading. Here a brief but fairly rigorous overview is presented. Special stress is given to try to clarify any misconceptions the reader has based on prior introductions to this material.
P2‐066: INNATE IMMUNITY STIMULATION VIA TOLL‐LIKE RECEPTOR 9 IN A TAUOPATHY MOUSE MODEL, RTG4510 (2018)

There has been a concerted shift in emphasis from treatment approaches targeting only Aβ deposits to also target tau pathology; the other major pathological marker of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Our initial studies document that TLR9 signaling with the type B CpG ODN has a beneficial effect in 3xTg-AD mice with both plaque and tangle pathology without toxicity, suggesting that stimulating the innate immunity has the possible advantage of concurrently addressing both AD pathologies. Given the importance of tau related pathology, we felt it was critical to more precisely determine the effect of our novel approach in rTg4510 mice, a tauopathy mouse model which develops robust forebrain tangle pathology without concomitant Aβ pathology. The rTg4510 mice were injected with either the TLR9 agonist class B CpG ODN or saline at monthly intervals (from 3 to 11 months of age). After the treatment the mice were subjected to behavioral testing. Histological analyses commenced upon completion of the behavioral protocol. Animals were continuously monitored for signs of toxicity. Administration of CpG ODN was effective at improving spatial working memory evaluated using the closed field symmetrical maze in rTg4510 mice. No difference between groups was found in any of the locomotor parameters. Histological evaluation of CpG ODN effect on hippocampal and cortical brain regions revealed region specific reductions in PHF1 and MC1 immunoreactivity in CpG ODN-treated animals. Although the effect on tau pathology was modest, our findings confirmed that this type of immunomodulation has beneficial effects on tau related pathology, in contrast to number of other prior innate immunity stimulation approaches. Biochemical assessments of tau levels are underway. No differences were noted in the extent of CD45 microgliosis and GFAP astrogliosis in CpG ODN-treated animals compared to controls, at the end of the treatment. In addition, we have preliminary data showing that acute injection of CpG ODN leads to an induction of favorable microglia/macrophage activation in rTg4510 mice. Further characterization of immune responses is ongoing. Overall, the present findings, together with our earlier research, represent essential preclinical evidence validating the feasibility of TLR9 ligand CpG ODN as a disease modifying drug for AD.
Highly Purified Papain-Solubilized HL-A Antigens Contain β 2 -Microglobulin (1974)

HL-A antigens comprising 11 different antigenic specificities were isolated after papain solubilization of spleen-cell membrane constituents. During the entire purification procedure, beta(2)-microglobulin appeared together with the HL-A antigens. The highly purified antigens were composed of two polypeptide chains. The large subunit carried the antigenic specificity whereas the small polypeptide chain was very similar, if not identical, to beta(2)-microglobulin. The two HL-A antigen polypeptide chains were held together by noncovalent interactions only, and beta(2)-microglobulin, isolated from urine, could replace the small subunit in forming a complex with the large polypeptide chain. The topographical relationship in the cell membrane between beta(2)-microglobulin and the large HL-A antigen polypeptide chain is unknown. The two polypeptide chains may be fortuitously bound as a result of the solubilization procedure.
Energy Relaxation Mechanisms of Electroluminescence in Sintered TiO2 Electrodes (1991)

The charge‐transfer mechanism of electroluminescence in a sintered Nb‐doped was investigated by luminescence transient observed when a step bias was applied to the electrode in a solution. The transient can be characterized by the relaxation time which depends on the concentrations of and . It was found that the existence of drastically improved the quantum efficiency of the electroluminescence. The analysis of the transient strongly suggested the existence of surface complexes such as and which can mediate charge exchange between the electroactive species in solution such as and the surface states which are inherent to the surface. Almost all experimental observations of luminescence transients could be explained by the rate equations. The native surface state was assumed to distribute exponentially from the conduction bandedge to the midgap in the forbidden gap. This assumption was successful in explaining the observed spectral distribution which could be divided into a visible region and an infrared region. In the former, the spectral intensity had a peak at 460 nm and decreased exponentially from 550 to 700 nm while in the latter, the light intensity increased exponentially from 750 to 930 nm which was the detection limit of the photomultiplier used. The intensity of visible light emitted from the sintered was about two orders of magnitude larger than that from a single‐crystal and the intensity of infrared light was more than two orders of magnitude larger than that of visible light emitted from the same sintered sample. These spectral distributions were explained by a model of a generalized energy relaxation mechanism. It is pointed out that the dynamic electron distribution on the surface state determines the spectral distribution of electroluminescence in this system. Another luminescence band, which peaked at 850 nm, was assigned to the electron transfer from the conduction band to the surface complex . Only this mechanism corresponds to the conventionally accepted charge‐transfer mechanism for electroluminescence.
AlGaAs QPM waveguides fabricated by GaAs/Ge/GaAs [100] sublattice reversal epitaxy (2002)

Summary form only given. Periodically domain-inverted GaAs crystals for quasi phase matched (QPM) devices have attract much attention because the large optical nonlinearity of GaAs crystals, e.g. d/sub 35/(GaAs)=170 pm at 1.064 /spl mu/m, will offer high conversion efficiency. Periodically domain-inverted AlGaAs waveguides based on wafer bonding followed by overgrowth have been reported. We have proposed and demonstrated an alternative way, sublattice reversal epitaxy, to fabricate domain-inverted structure in the GaAs/Si/GaAs [100] system. Much higher qualities of domain-inverted GaAs epitaxial films be grown by sublattice reversal epitaxy in the lattice-matched GaAs/Ge/GeAs [100] system and GaAs overgrowth on the periodically patterned template allows us to attain periodical domain inversion in GaAs crystals.
Positioning Technology Trends and Solutions Toward 6G (2021)

In the 4G era, cellular positioning was used for emergency services and services associated to lawful interception. In 5G, commercial use cases have gained momentum and use cases like factory automation, transportation, and logistics are included in 5G besides the regulatory use cases. Toward 6G, it is anticipated that positioning and location services will be fundamental part of the system demanded by most commercial applications, such as AR/VR/XR, gaming, sensing, low-cost tracking and new industrial applications with extremely high accuracy. As a result, positioning accuracy and latency requirements are anticipated to tighten further from 5G. Thus, positioning and location services needs to be designed as an integral part of 5G evolution to address these requirements in a scalable and efficient manner both for devices and networks. This paper discusses the technical trends and enablers to realize this vision towards 6G, such as latency and accuracy enhancements, and low-cost positioning.
Solvent Optimization of Conventional Absorption Processes for CO2 Capture from Postcombustion Flue Gases (2014)

In this paper a simple approach was developed to optimize a conceptual solvent for conventional absorption-based postcombustion CO2 capture processes. The solvent was configured on the basis of properties of commercially available amine solvents and optimized to achieve the least total equivalent work. The conceptual solvent is characterized by its heat of reaction, which was further used to estimate the sensible and stripping heat of the process through the newly proposed approach. Results showed that the optimal heat of reaction for a conceptual solvent depends on operating conditions. With typical solvent regeneration conditions for conventional processes (2 atm operating pressure), the optimal heat of reaction for a conceptual solvent is about 71 kJ/mol CO2, and the total equivalent work for the process is 0.1034 kWh/kg CO2. The results of this study will provide new insights and guidance for identifying and developing energy-efficient solvents for CO2 capture applications.
Developments and Experiences With Pulsation Measurements for Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines (2007)

The dynamical combustion processes (pulsations) of heavy-duty gas turbines must be supervised by suitable instrumentation for optimal operation of the engine regarding emissions and component life. But the hostile environment of the combustor makes it difficult to perform the measurements. There are two possible approaches to measure the combustor pulsations. Either a high temperature sensor is placed as close as possible to the combustion chamber to measure the acoustics directly (Cavity Type Probe), or the acoustic signal is led to the outside of the engine by means of a reflection free waveguide, where a dynamic pressure sensor picks up the passing signal (Long Line Probe). Both approaches were developed and investigated in detail. This paper describes the past and current efforts in refining the probe designs for use in the harsh operational environment while maintaining sensor accuracy, measurement range and lifetime as a rugged probe. Theoretical and laboratory investigations were undertaken to increase the useable frequency range of the Cavity Type Probe up to 8kHz under engine operation conditions. This was made possible with a smaller high temperature transducer, which is the result of a cooperative development project with a sensor manufacturer. Experiences with both probe concepts on Alstom’s GT26 Test Power Plant in Birr and on field engines provided clear confirmation that the Cavity Type Probe design with an advanced sensor now fulfils all initially defined requirements of acoustic combustion measurements on heavy-duty gas turbines. On the contrary, the waveguide design principle has fundamental limitations in the direct measurement of the combustion acoustics at gas turbine operating conditions.
Torenia fournieri (torenia) as a model plant for transgenic studies (2008)

Torenia is an annual plant of the family Scrophulariaceae that is used as an ornamental summer bedding plant. Torenia is also an experimental plant with several useful characteristics, i.e., ease of genetic transformation, ability to differentiate adventitious structures, protruding embryo sac, and capacity for in vitro flowering. Genetic transformation of torenia was first reported in 1995, and it has been used in various transgenic studies. Torenia is a useful model plant for transgenic studies on ornamental plant characteristics such as the color, shape, and longevity of flowers. In this paper, the characteristics of torenia as an experimental plant and the transgenic studies performed with torenia are reviewed.
Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional silicon tapers (2003)

We present the fabrication of 3D adiabatically tapered structures, for efficient coupling from an optical fiber, or free-space, to a chip. These structures are fabricated integrally with optical waveguides in a silicon-on-insulator wafer. Fabrication involves writing a single grayscale mask in HEBS glass with a high-energy electron beam, ultra-violet grayscale lithography, and inductively coupled plasma etching. We also present the experimentally determined coupling efficiencies of the fabricated tapers using end-fire coupling. The design parameters of the tapered structures are based on electromagnetic simulations and are discussed in this paper.
Acoustic Droplet Vaporization and Propulsion of Perfluorocarbon‐Loaded Microbullets for Targeted Tissue Penetration and Deformation (2012)

Bullets and rockets: Ultrasound-triggered vaporization of a perfluorocarbon compound loaded into microbullets provides the necessary force for the microbullets to penetrate, cleave, and deform cellular tissue for potential targeted drug delivery and precision nanosurgery. The microbullets have an inner Au layer that allows conjugation of a monolayer of thiolated cysteamine (green in picture) for electrostatic attachment of perfluorocarbon droplets (purple droplets).
Effect of polymer coatings from CO2, on water‐vapor transport in porous media (2002)

Abstract A variety of perfluorinated polyethers were coated onto surfaces of marble, sandstone and limestone samples from solutions in supercritical carbon dioxide. These polymers make ideal protectants for civil infrastructure by making stone surfaces hydrophobic and preventing penetration and deterioration of the stone by acid rain. The effective diffusivities of water vapor through coated and uncoated stones were measured as a function of polymer applied per unit area of sample. An analysis of the diffusive transport of water through the stones led to estimates of the penetration depths of the polymers and the percentages of blockage of the pores in the coated layers as a function of polymer surface coverage. Penetration depths were seen to strongly depend on the mean size and porosity of the stones. It is important for water‐vapor diffusion to occur through the samples to prevent water condensation inside polymer‐coated structural materials.
ROI-SEG: Unsupervised Color Segmentation by Combining Differently Focused Sub Results (2007)

This paper presents a novel unsupervised color segmentation scheme named ROI-SEG, which is based on the main idea of combining a set of different sub-segmentation results. We propose an efficient algorithm to compute sub-segmentations by an integral image approach for calculating Bhattacharyya distances and a modified version of the maximally stable extremal region (MSER) detector. The sub-segmentation algorithm gets a region-of-interest (ROI) as input and detects connected regions having similar color appearance as the ROI. We further introduce a method to identify ROIs representing the predominant color and texture regions of an image. Passing each of the identified ROIs to the sub-segmentation algorithm provides a set of different segmentations, which are then combined by analyzing a local quality criterion. The entire approach is fully unsupervised and does not need a priori information about the image scene. The method is compared to state-of-the-art algorithms on the Berkeley image database, where it shows competitive results at reduced computational costs.
Efficient Mitigation of Frequency-Selective I/Q Imbalance in OFDM Receivers (2008)

I/Q imbalance is one of the main practical obstacles in the implementation of direct-conversion receivers. This paper presents novel DSP-based techniques for the estimation and compensation of frequency-selective receiver I/Q imbalances in OFDM systems. The estimation is based on a special pilot or preamble structure, and frequency-domain smoothing is utilized to effectively reduce the effect of noise. Reliable estimation is attained with a minimum of two OFDM symbols. Further, it is shown that estimation of frequency-selective I/Q imbalance and the frequency-selective radio channel can be decoupled, which is beneficial from the computational complexity point of view. Simulation analysis shows impressive performance with fast convergence.
HEREDITARY FRUCTOSE INTOLERANCE (1972)

Abstract. The clinical and metabolic aspects of hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) are reviewed and some new observations on children with HFI are reported. The acute rise in plasma FFA level which was earlier shown to follow an acute exposure to fructose in these patients, was found to be associated with an increase in epinephrine excretion and a decrease in plasma TG level. Abolition of the fructose induced hypoglycemia by an infusion of glucose after injection of fructose prevented the rise in plasma FFA, but did not modify the increase in plasma lactate or urate concentration. Maintaining normal or high plasma inorganic phosphate levels after fructose injection by infusion of phosphate buffer did not alter the fructose‐induced changes in blood glucose or lactate, or in plasma FFA or urate concentration. The hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria after fructose were larger in HFI patients than in normal children. Administration of fructose in the small doses of 0.33‐1.3 g/kg daily for 3–5 days brought about a gradual fall in plasma cholesterol level, and a rise in the excretion of urate and 17‐ketogenic steroids, but no increase in proteinuria.