gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4721: Combining STING agonists with an anti-PD-1 antagonist results in marked antitumor activity in immune-excluded tumors (2018)

Abstract The innate immune agonist STING (STimulator of INterferon Genes) binds its natural ligand 2'3'-cGAMP (cyclic guanosine-adenosine monophosphate) and initiates type I interferon production. This promotes systemic antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell priming that eventually provides potent anti-tumor activity. To exploit this mechanism we synthesized a novel STING agonist, MSA-1, that activates both mouse and human STING with higher in vitro potency than cGAMP. MSA-1 was administered to immune-competent mice bearing MC38 syngeneic tumors to monitor pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and in vivo efficacy. Intratumoral (IT) dosed MSA-1 demonstrated robust tumor and plasma cytokine upregulation and effective anti-tumor activity. The highest tolerated doses provided complete responses (CRs) in 100% of MC38 tumors. Tumor models such as CT26 and B16-F10 that are intrinsically resistant to single-agent therapy with a fully murinized mouse anti-PD-1 antibody (mDX400) also demonstrated long-term tumor regressions or CRs. Mechanistic studies in immune-deficient mice suggested that anti-tumor activity of IT dosed STING agonists are in part due to cytotoxicity and/or innate immune responses rather than development of robust adaptive anti-tumor immunity. To enhance the adaptive immune response, we combined MSA-1 with mDX400 in mouse syngeneic tumor models previously characterized to be unresponsive to anti-PD-1 blockade. This combination restored T-cell responses in both blood and tumors of the treated mice and provided long-lived immunologic memory in a majority of the animals. Taken together, these data strongly support the development of STING agonists in combination with Keytruda for patients with tumors that are partially responsive or non-responsive to single agent anti-PD-1 therapy. Citation Format: Samanthi A. Perera, Johnny E. Kopinja, Yanhong Ma, Jason Laskey, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Yiping Chen, Long Cui, Jeremy Presland, Shuxia Zhao, Ellen Minnihan, Heidi Ferguson, Jennifer Piesvaux, Bo-Sheng Pan, Hyun Chong Woo, Ian Knemeyer, Saso Cemerski, Jared Cumming, Wesley Trotter, Archie Tse, George H. Addona, Brian J. Long. Combining STING agonists with an anti-PD-1 antagonist results in marked antitumor activity in immune-excluded tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4721.
Abstract 3003: Immune cell-related microRNA-155 is associated with human liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

Abstract Liver cirrhosis, a major hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk factor, is caused by chronic liver disease (CLD) of various etiologies with ambiguous underlying mechanisms. Gene profiling has illustrated that CLD etiologies differ and are associated with cytokine up-regulation. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), noncoding-RNA gene regulators, have been utilized as effective molecular biomarkers in many cancer types, including HCC. We investigated whether unique miRNAs are associated with CLD and HCC. We examined miRNA array profiles of 58 human liver tissue specimens with end-stage CLD (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Wilson's disease, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and primary biliary cirrhosis) and a normal liver pool. We compared the differentially expressed miRNAs between CLDs and normal liver, among CLDs and between etiologically equivalent CLD and HCC. Significant differentially expressed CLD-miRNAs were validated by quantitative-real time PCR (qRT-PCR). MiRNA and immune cell expression was measured in CLD, HCC or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by qRT-PCR or immunohistochemistry. Correlation analysis between etiology-specific miRNAs and mRNAs were performed, followed by pathway analysis of the correlating mRNAs. Statistical class comparison analyses revealed that unique miRNAs were associated with each CLD group and among CLD etiologies, with only one miRNA commonly altered among CLDs (p=0.05; 10 fold cross-validation; 10k permutation). miRNA expression correlated well between array and qRT-PCR analyses (spearman r= 0.53-0.83, p= 0.03-0.001). We also found that many CLD-miRNA alterations were maintained in HCC. In particular, immune-related miR-155 was significantly up-regulated in CLDs, HCC, nontumor tissue, metastasis tissue specimens and PBMC treated with pro-metastatic colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) or osteopontin (OPN). MiR-155 was associated with T regulatory cells (Treg) and both were elevated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, high miR-155 expression in nontumor tissues was associated with poor overall HCC patient survival (p=0.0244). Correlation analysis revealed that miR-155 was associated with distinct gene expression pathways in each CLD etiology. In sum, CLD miRNAs are mainly etiologically distinct and are coupled to immune responses and tumorigenesis. Our work suggests that miR-155 may modulate Tregs and hence, functionally contribute to CLD and HCC progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3003.
Sensitive Transfer-Free Wafer-Scale Graphene Microphones (2022)

During the past decades micro-electromechanical microphones have largely taken over the market for portable devices, being produced in volumes of billions yearly. Because performance of current devices is near the physical limits, further miniaturization and improvement of microphones for mobile devices poses a major challenge that requires breakthrough device concepts, geometries, and materials. Graphene is an attractive material for enabling these breakthroughs due to its flexibility, strength, nanometer thinness, and high electrical conductivity. Here, we demonstrate that transfer-free 7 nm thick multilayer graphene (MLGr) membranes with diameters ranging from 85-155 to 300 μm can be used to detect sound and show a mechanical compliance up to 92 nm Pa<sup>-1</sup>, thus outperforming commercially available MEMS microphones of 950 μm with compliances around 3 nm Pa<sup>-1</sup>. The feasibility of realizing larger membranes with diameters of 300 μm and even higher compliances is shown, although these have lower yields. We present a process for locally growing graphene on a silicon wafer and realizing suspended membranes of patterned graphene across through-silicon holes by bulk micromachining and sacrificial layer etching, such that no transfer is required. This transfer-free method results in a 100% yield for membranes with diameters up to 155 μm on 132 fabricated drums. The device-to-device variations in the mechanical compliance in the audible range (20-20000 Hz) are significantly smaller than those in transferred membranes. With this work, we demonstrate a transfer-free method for realizing wafer-scale multilayer graphene membranes that is compatible with high-volume manufacturing. Thus, limitations of transfer-based methods for graphene microphone fabrication such as polymer contamination, crack formation, wrinkling, folding, delamination, and low-tension reproducibility are largely circumvented, setting a significant step on the route toward high-volume production of graphene microphones.
The Effect of Predeformation on Creep Strength of 9% Cr Steel (2020)

Martensitic creep-resistant P92 steel was deformed by different methods of severe plastic deformation such as rotation swaging, high-pressure sliding, and high-pressure torsion at room temperature. These methods imposed significantly different equivalent plastic strains of about 1-30. It was found that rotation swaging led to formation of heterogeneous microstructures with elongated grains where low-angle grain boundaries predominated. Other methods led to formation of ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructures with high frequency of high-angle grain boundaries. Constant load tensile creep tests at 873 K and initial stresses in the range of 50 to 300 MPa revealed that the specimens processed by rotation swaging exhibited one order of magnitude lower minimum creep rate compared to standard P92 steel. By contrast, UFG P92 steel is significantly softer than standard P92 steel, but differences in their strengths decrease with increasing stress. Microstructural results suggest that creep behavior of P92 steel processed by severe plastic deformation is influenced by the frequency of high-angle grain boundaries and dynamic grain coarsening during creep.
ABNO: A Feasible SDN Approach for Multivendor IP and Optical Networks [Invited] (2015)

Software defined networking (SDN) and network programmability offer the ability to direct application service requests toward the IP/MPLS and optical network. The SDN approach can help operators to reduce the CAPEX and OPEX in the networks, thanks to the optimization of the resources and the reduction of the complexity in the operation of the network. However, the proposed SDN controllers in the market are based on monolithic software, which is not adapted to current heterogeneous network environments. Such SDN solutions are like a &#x201C;black box,&#x201D; and their deployment leads to different problems for the operator: 1)&#xA0;vendor lock-in (solutions in the market are mono-vendor); 2)&#xA0;lack of support with non-OpenFlow networks; and 3)&#xA0;problems in supporting E2E multidomain path establishment in current networks. The application-based network operations (ABNO) architecture is proposed in IETF as a framework that enables network automation and programmability thanks to the utilization of standard protocols and components. This work not only justifies the architecture but also presents an experimental demonstration for a multilayer and multitechnology scenario.
Conflicts with Extraretinal and Monocular Cues Cause the Small Range of the Induced Effect (1997)

A vertical magnifier before one eye causes the induced effect: an apparent rotation of frontal surfaces toward that eye. The rotation required to restore apparent frontoparallelism grows linearly up to ∼4% magnification, but plateaus at 8%. We examined the cause of the plateau. Horizontal disparities (quantified by horizontal size ratios, HSRs) are ambiguous indicators of surface slant. Various retinal and nonretinal signals can allow veridical slant estimation from HSR, sensed eye position, vertical disparities (vertical size ratios, VSRs), and monocular cues. Vertical or horizontal magnification of one eye's image alters the natural relationships among HSR, VSR, eye position, and monocular cues. We argue that the induced-effect plateau is caused by conflicts between these means of estimating slant. A plateau is not observed in the geometric effect because some of the conflicts do not occur with horizontal magnification. Two experiments were designed to test this hypothesis. When strong monocular cues were present, plateaux occurred at ∼8% magnification in the induced, but not the geometric effect. When monocular slant cues were made useless, induced-effect plateaux were abolished. Even with strong monocular cues present, plateaux in the induced effect were eliminated when eye position was consistent with the vertical magnification in the retinal images. The smaller range of the induced effect can only be understood from consideration of all the signals involved in slant estimation.
Structural Basis of Duplex Thermodynamic Stability and Enhanced Nuclease Resistance of 5′-C-Methyl Pyrimidine-Modified Oligonucleotides (2016)

Although judicious use of chemical modifications has contributed to the success of nucleic acid therapeutics, poor systemic stability remains a major hurdle. The introduction of functional groups around the phosphate backbone can enhance the nuclease resistance of oligonucleotides (ONs). Here, we report the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-5'-C-methyl (C5'-Me) substituted nucleosides and their incorporation into ONs. These modifications generally resulted in a decrease in thermal stability of oligonucleotide (ON) duplexes in a manner dependent on the stereoconfiguration at C5' with greater destabilization characteristic of (R)-epimers. Enhanced stability against snake venom phosphodiesterase resulted from modification of the 3'-end of an ON with either (R)- or (S)-C5'-Me nucleotides. The (S)-isomers with different 2'-substituents provided greater resistance against 3'-exonucleases than the corresponding (R)-isomers. Crystal structure analyses of RNA octamers with (R)- or (S)-5'-C-methyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluorouridine [(R)- or (S)-C5'-Me-2'-FU, respectively] revealed that the stereochemical orientation of the C5'-Me and the steric effects that emanate from the alkyl substitution are the dominant determinants of thermal stability and are likely molecular origins of resistance against nucleases. X-ray and NMR structural analyses showed that the (S)-C5'-Me epimers are spatially and structurally more similar to their natural 5' nonmethylated counterparts than the corresponding (R)-epimers.
Effect of Noise in Embedded Element Pattern Measurements on Mutual Impedance Matrix Extraction (2023)

In a situation when antenna ports are inaccessible for a direct measurement of scattering parameters, embedded element pattern transformation equations can be solved via numerical optimization to extract information about the array mutual impedance matrix. Our goal is to analyze the sensitivity of the impedance matrix extraction to uncertainty in the measured radiation patterns. By varying the noise in the element patterns, we can determine the accuracy of the method in practical situations where the element patterns are not known precisely. If the measured pattern SNR is 40 to 60 dB, representing high quality measured patterns, the error in a mutual impedance matrix does not exceed 5 to 0.5 Ohm. This technique will find its application in radio astronomy and mm-wave systems.
BGP Automated Session Setup (2019)

This document proposes a solution for BGP deployments in some specific
environments to automatically establish BGP sessions without need for
manual peer configuration.
Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Lasers (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Scherer, O. Painter, A. Husain, J. Vuckovic, and J. O'Brien, "Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Lasers," Optics & Photonics News 10(12), 21-22 (1999) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Detailed Study on the Growth of Thin Oxide Layers on Silicon Using Ozonated Solutions (2000)

The oxidation of silicon using ozonated, deionized water solutions was investigated as a function of several parameters: reaction time, pH, ozone concentration, temperature, and influence of anions. The oxidation of silicon was dependent on ozone concentration especially near neutral pH. This concentration dependence disappears at concentrations greater than 15 mg/L ozone. No temperature effect was found between 20 and 50°C. Lowering the pH leads to a less pronounced concentration dependence with no specific anion effect between HCl or . The oxidation of silicon by ozonated solutions does not lead to extensive roughening of the silicon surface as shown by atomic force microscopy measurements. Various thermal oxidation models were evaluated and the Fehnler expression represents the experimental data fairly well. The overall oxidation thus follows logarithmic growth kinetics. It is proposed that ozone dissociates at the interface in a one‐step reaction forming the oxidizing species, namely, . This radical diffuses through the layer under the influence of an electric field which develops over the oxide layer. The field‐imposed drift is the limiting factor in the oxidation process. The bulk chemistry of the ozonated solutions is of no importance to the oxidation of silicon. The initial oxidation rate, defined at an oxidation time of 6 s, was dependent on the ozone concentration below 15 mg/L and leveled off above this concentration as it was limited by the field‐imposed drift of the oxidation precursor. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
ChemInform Abstract: The Invention of New Radical Chain Reactions. Part 9. Further Radical Chemistry of Thiohydroxamic Esters. (1986)

Abstract Carbon Bonds.
376 Ancient grains as a novel dietary fiber and carbohydrate source in canine diets. (2018)

Ancient grains are becoming increasingly popular in both the human and petfood markets today and show potential as novel fiber and carbohydrate sources. Current data suggests lower glycemic responses through their dietary inclusion as well. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of ancient grains in canine diets and their effect on glucose utilization. Five diets were formulated with either amaranth (AM), millet white proso (MWP), quinoa (QU), or oat groats (OG), with the last diet formulated with rice (CON) as the main ingredient source. Ten adult female beagles (mean age = 4.2 ± 1.14 yr; mean BW = 11.1 kg ± 1.17 kg) were used in a replicated 5x5 Latin square design. Each period consisted of 15 d, with 10 d of diet adaptation followed by 4 d of total fecal and urine collections and one day allocated for evaluating glycemic responses. A baseline blood sample was also analyzed for serum chemistry and complete blood counts. Food was offered twice daily and fed to maintain body weight. Fecal score was evaluated on a 5-point scale and was higher (P < 0.05) in dogs fed QU (3.0) in contrast to CON (2.7), but did not differ in all other diets. Apparent total tract (ATT) dry matter digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) in MWP compared to CON, AM, and OG. ATT crude protein digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) in QU compared to CON and MWP, with no differences between all other diets. OG had a lower (P < 0.05) average glycemic response than both AM and QU with no differences seen between all other diets. In conclusion, ancient grains show similar AAT macronutrient digestibility to a rice-based diet as well as potential in lowering glycemic responses when utilized as the main carbohydrate source in canine diets.
Higher-Speed Transmission Performance of DPSK-ASK Modulation Formats (2010)

Towards studying cost-effective 100G transport solutions for metro networks, we have assembled a DPSK-3ASK optical modulation and demodulation configuration that operates at a 40Gbaud line-rate, enabled with components from the 40G market. Our architecture has the flexibility to adjust the encoding and modulation scheme, without changes to the physical hardware or architecture, to create for example 86Gb/s DPSK-2ASK or 107Gb/s DPSK-3ASK channels. In this paper we report on optical transmission experiments with DPSK-ASK modulation, specifically 107Gb/s DPSK-3ASK and also 86Gb/s DPSK-2ASK, over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). Additionally we compare the effects of pulse shaping using a RZ 33% duty-cycle format or a RZ 66% duty-cycle (CSRZ) format.
The Leader Proteinase of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Inhibits the Induction of Beta Interferon mRNA and Blocks the Host Innate Immune Response (2006)

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that the leader proteinase (L pro ) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) blocks cap-dependent mRNA translation and that a genetically engineered FMDV lacking the leader proteinase coding region (A12-LLV2) is attenuated in cell culture and susceptible animals. The attenuated phenotype apparently is a consequence of the inability of A12-LLV2 to block the expression of type I interferon (IFN-α/β) protein, resulting in IFN-induced inhibition of FMDV replication. Here we show that in addition to preventing IFN-α/β protein synthesis, L pro reduces the level of immediate-early induction of IFN-β mRNA and IFN-stimulated gene products such as double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase, and Mx1 mRNAs in swine cells. Down-regulation of cellular PKR by RNA interference did not affect wild-type virus yield but resulted in a higher yield of A12-LLV2, indicating a direct role of PKR in controlling FMDV replication in the natural host. The observation that L pro controls the transcription of genes involved in innate immunity reveals a novel role of this protein in antagonizing the cellular response to viral infection.
Light diffraction by Bleustein-Gulyaev surface acoustic waves in gallium arsenide and other piezoelectric cubic crystals (2003)

An analytical solution to the boundary value problem for the existence of a Bleustein-Gulyaev piezoelectric surface wave in GaAs and other piezoelectric cubic crystals is developed. Numerical solutions for Bleustein-Gulyaev waves in a number of crystals of 43 m and 23 symmetry classes are presented. These include commonly used materials such as GaAs, GaP, InSb, InAs, Bi/sub 12/GeO/sub 20/, and Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/. The results are then used to investigate light diffraction by Bleustein-Gulyaev waves in GaAs. Cases of both plane-wave acoustooptic and guided optical-wave interaction are considered. A numerical solution for a guided-wave acoustooptic collinear interaction in a GaAs-GaAlAs waveguide is presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thermal Design of Microchannel Heat Sinks for Low-Orbit Micro-Satellites (2005)

As reduction in the size of electronics creates demand for smaller, less expensive and faster-to-produce spacecraft, the use of high heat flux electronics or advanced nuclear propulsion systems will increase the stress on the thermal subsystem. This work presents a thermal management solution to this problem using liquid-cooled microchannel heat sinks. First, a simple computer model is used to illustrate the need for an atypical cooling method when high-heat flux electronics are used. Second, a thermal/fluid model of microchannel heat sinks is developed and applied to address the satellite thermal need. The total thermal resistances and pressure drops show excellent comparison with published experimental and analytical results. Finally, the model of the microchannel heat sink is optimized to remove 25 W/cm2 over a footprint of 3.7cm2. The mass flow rate needed was significantly lower (almost 5–10 times lower) when compared to other published results, which means that micro-pumps available on the market will be sufficient. The integration of the microchannel system with the satellite is also discussed.