gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Nonuniform Illumination and Chromatic Aberration in Triple and Quadruple Junction Solar Cells under Concentration Using SPICE (2014)

The optics of a concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system typically provides nonuniform illumination on the subcells, affecting current profiles and consequently system efficiency. Using a two-dimensional, distributed resistance model, we estimate the impact of nonuniform illumination and chromatic aberration for an inverted metamorphic, triple junction solar cell (3J IMM) and a lattice-matched, four junction solar cell (4J LM). Both the multijunction cells have an optimized efficiency of 42.4% at 1000 suns under uniform illumination. The performance of the 3J IMM and the 4J LM is analysed at different peak-to-average irradiance ratios (PAR). The 3J IMM shows a higher sensitivity to nonuniform illumination and a loss in efficiency of 5.4% absolute at a PAR = 5.3 while the losses in a 4J LM account for 3.7% absolute efficiency reduction. To model the effects of concentrating optics, an optical train with an idealized Fresnel lens and a secondary truncated pyramid homogenizer is simulated using commercial ray tracing software using the AM1.5D spectrum. Losses due to concentrating optics, nonuniform irradiance profiles and chromatic aberrations are determined for both cells at various primary to secondary working distances. At a working distance optimal for the 4J LM, the neglect of chromatic aberration is found to overstate the CPV system efficiency by 1.4% absolute and at the optimal working distance for 3J IMM, neglecting chromatic aberration overstates the system efficiency by 2%.
Spherical Vector Wave Expansion of Gaussian Electromagnetic Fields for Antenna-Channel Interaction Analysis (2008)

In this paper we introduce an approach to analyze the interaction between antennas and the propagation channel. We study both the antennas and the propagation channel by means of the spherical vector wave mode expansion of the electromagnetic field. Then we use the expansion coefficients to study some properties of general antennas in those fields by means of the antenna scattering matrix. The focus is on the spatio-polar characterization of antennas, channels and their interactions. We provide closed form expressions for the covariance of the field multi-modes as function of the Power Angle Spectrum (PAS) and the channel cross-polarization ratio (XPR). A new interpretation of the Mean Effective Gains (MEG) of antennas is also provided. The maximum MEG is obtained by conjugate mode matching between the antennas and the channel; we also prove the (intuitive) results that the optimum decorrelation of the antenna signals is obtained by the excitation of orthogonal spherical vector modes. (Less)
Differential proteomic alterations between localised and metastatic prostate cancer (2006)

Molecular alterations in the prostate cancer proteome mediate the functional and phenotypic transformation from clinically localised to metastatic cancer, a transition that drives patient's mortality and challenges therapeutic intervention. A first approximation of differential proteomic alterations stratified by disease stage has yielded repertoires of potential diagnostic and prognostic markers, multiplex signatures of predictive value, and yield fundamental insight into molecular commonalities in cancer progression. Deciphering these causative proteomic alterations from the molecular noise will continue to mature our understanding of tumour biology and drive new computational and integrative approaches to model a system's view that accommodates the heterogeneity of prostate cancer progression.
Mixed solvent synthesis of polydopamine nanospheres for sustainable multilayer flame retardant nanocoating (2021)

Mixed solvent synthesized polydopamine is used in a multilayer nanocoating for protecting foam from fire. The use of LbL technology significantly reduces the processing time often observed with traditional methods polymerized from buffer.
Abstract IA23: Angiogenesis revisited: Principles and strategies (2015)

Abstract Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, plays a crucial role in numerous diseases, including cancer. Anti-angiogenesis therapies have been developed to starve cancer cells from nutrients. Clinically approved anti-angiogenic drugs prolong the survival of cancer patients, but their success is limited by intrinsic refractoriness and acquired resistance. New strategies are thus needed to block tumor angiogenesis via alternative mechanisms. We recently reported that PFKFB3-driven glycolysis regulates the endothelial tip cell function during vessel sprouting, even capable of overruling the potent pro-stalk activity of Notch, and that its loss in endothelial cells causes vascular hypobranching defects. Moreover, partial and transient reduction of glycolysis by blocking PFKFB3 reduced pathological angiogenesis in several disease models. Ongoing studies explore the role of lipid and amino acid metabolism in vessel sprouting, and assess the therapeutic potential of targeting these metabolic pathways for anti-angiogenic therapy. Citation Format: Peter Carmeliet. Angiogenesis revisited: Principles and strategies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Angiogenesis and Vascular Normalization: Bench to Bedside to Biomarkers; Mar 5-8, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA23.
Tumor delineation using PET in head and neck cancers: Threshold contouring and lesion volumes (2006)

Tumor boundary delineation using positron emission tomography (PET) is a promising tool for radiation therapy applications. In this study we quantify the uncertainties in tumor boundary delineation as a function of the reconstruction method, smoothing, and lesion size in head and neck cancer patients using FDG-PET images and evaluate the dosimetric impact on radiotherapy plans. FDG-PET images were acquired for eight patients with a GE Advance PET scanner. In addition, a 20 cm diameter cylindrical phantom with six FDG-filled spheres with volumes of 1.2 to 26.5 cm3 was imaged. PET emission scans were reconstructed with the OSEM and FBP algorithms with different smoothing parameters. PET-based tumor regions were delineated using an automatic contouring function set at progressively higher threshold contour levels and the resulting volumes were calculated. CT-based tumor volumes were also contoured by a physician on coregistered PET/CT patient images. The intensity value of the threshold contour level that returns 100% of the actual volume, I(V100), was measured. We generated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans for an example head and neck patient, treating 66 Gy to CT-based gross disease and 54 Gy to nodal regions at risk, followed by a boost to the FDG-PET-based tumor. The volumes of PET-based tumors are a sensitive function of threshold contour level for all patients and phantom datasets. A 5% change in threshold contour level can translate into a 200% increase in volume. Phantom data indicate that I(V100) can be set as a fraction, f, of the maximum measured uptake. Fractional threshold values in the cylindrical water phantom range from 0.23 to 0.51. Both the fractional threshold and the threshold-volume curve are dependent on lesion size, with lesions smaller than approximately 5 cm3 displaying a more pronounced sensitivity and larger fractional threshold values. The threshold-volume curves and fractional threshold values also depend on the reconstruction algorithm and smoothing filter with more smoothing requiring a higher fractional threshold contour level. The threshold contour level affects the tumor size, and therefore the ultimate boost dose that is achievable with IMRT. In an example head and neck IMRT plan, the D95 of the planning target volume decreased from 7770 to 7230 cGy for 42% vs. 55% contour threshold levels. PET-based tumor volumes are strongly affected by the choice of threshold level. This can have a significant dosimetric impact. The appropriate threshold level depends on lesion size and image reconstruction parameters. These effects should be carefully considered when using PET contour and/or volume information for radiotherapy applications.
Characterization of uptake of the new PET imaging compound 18F-fluorobenzyl triphenyl phosphonium in dog myocardium. (2006)

18F-FBnTP is a promising new radionuclide for cardiac imaging using PET with rapid kinetics, uniform myocardial distribution, and favorable organ biodistribution.
Electrophysiologic testing for diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification in patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis with preserved left and right ventricular systolic function (2019)

EPS is useful in the risk stratification of patients with probable CS with preserved LV and RV function. A positive EPS was associated with VAs. While a negative EPS appeared to confer low risk, close follow-up is needed as EPS cannot predict fatal VAs related to new cardiac involvement or disease progression.
Modeling biological and genetic diversity in upper tract urothelial carcinoma with patient derived xenografts (2020)

Treatment paradigms for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are typically extrapolated from studies of bladder cancer despite their distinct clinical and molecular characteristics. The advancement of UTUC research is hampered by the lack of disease-specific models. Here, we report the establishment of patient derived xenograft (PDX) and cell line models that reflect the genomic and biological heterogeneity of the human disease. Models demonstrate high genomic concordance with the corresponding patient tumors, with invasive tumors more likely to successfully engraft. Treatment of PDX models with chemotherapy recapitulates responses observed in patients. Analysis of a HER2 S310F-mutant PDX suggests that an antibody drug conjugate targeting HER2 would have superior efficacy versus selective HER2 kinase inhibitors. In sum, the biological and phenotypic concordance between patient and PDXs suggest that these models could facilitate studies of intrinsic and acquired resistance and the development of personalized medicine strategies for UTUC patients.
329 GENETIC TARGETING OF THE PORCINE a1,3-GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE GENE IN FETAL FIBROBLAST CELLS USING ZINC FINGER NUCLEASES (2010)

Hyperacute rejection after porcine-to-human xenotransplantation is caused by binding of preformed human antibodies against Gal-epitopes on the surface of porcine cells. Organs from Gal-negative pigs have shown prolonged survival after transplantation into baboons. Knocking out a gene by conventional gene targeting frequency is extremely inefficient (homologous recombination = 0.0001 to 0.001%; Denning et al. 2001). Recent publications in rats (Geurts et al. 2009) show that the gene knockout via zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-driven nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) can be enhanced 10 000-fold over conventional approaches, making it feasible to generate a biallelic gene knockout with one ZFN application. Here, we used ZFN technology to generate porcine cells that carry a ZFN-mediated knockout of the Gal gene to use these cells as donor cells in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to obtain live offspring. One primary porcine fetal fibroblast cell line was transfected by electroporation (n = 6) with a pair of ZFN plasmids designed to target the DNA sequence encoding the catalytic domain located in exon 9 of the a1,3-gal locus. Transfected cells were incubated (7 days at a combination of 30°C and 37°C) and analysed for Gal expression by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated isolectin-B4. On average, 1.4% (± 0.3%; n = 6) of the cells were free of Gal epitopes, indicating a biallelic knockout. DNA mutation detection analysis (Cel-I assay) of cell cultures gave a mean frequency of 3.5% NHEJ (± 1.3%; n = 6) giving the fraction of mutant alleles within the cell population. One cell line with 1% Gal-negative cells was sorted by a magnetic Dynabead-based separation method to select for Gal-negative cells (Fujimura et al. 2008). Because of the limited amount of Gal-negative cells within the cell population, we chose to select the cells with magnetic beads. This method is gentler to the cells and leads to a higher plating efficiency after sorting compared with FACS. The sorted cells could be easily expanded and will serve as donor cells in SCNT to show the feasibility of generating knockout pigs via ZFN-mediated gene knockout. This study demonstrates that ZFN technology is an applicable tool to produce genetically modified porcine cells for use as donors in SCNT and to speed the creation of pig models for xenotransplantation and human diseases.
Putting Linguistics into Speech Recognition: The Regulus Grammar Compiler (2006)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Specific coil design for SENSE: A six-element cardiac array (2001)

In sensitivity encoding (SENSE), the effects of inhomogeneous spatial sensitivity of surface coils are utilized for signal localization in addition to common Fourier encoding using magnetic field gradients. Unlike standard Fourier MRI, SENSE images exhibit an inhomogeneous noise distribution, which crucially depends on the geometrical sensitivity relations of the coils used. Thus, for optimum signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and noise homogeneity, specialized coil configurations are called for. In this article we study the implications of SENSE imaging for coil layout by means of simulations and imaging experiments in a phantom and in vivo. New, specific design principles are identified. For SENSE imaging, the elements of a coil array should be smaller than for common phased-array imaging. Furthermore, adjacent coil elements should not overlap. Based on the findings of initial investigations, a configuration of six coils was designed and built specifically for cardiac applications. The in vivo evaluation of this array showed a considerable SNR increase in SENSE images, as compared with a conventional array. Magn Reson Med 45:495-504, 2001.
The Effect on Bone Outcomes of Home-based Exercise Intervention for Prostate Cancer Survivors Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2017)

Given the importance of preventing cancer treatment-induced bone loss among PCSs receiving ADT, a home-based exercise intervention can be considered, but further trials with a larger sample are required to determine its effect for bone outcomes.
DistTune: Distributed Fine-Grained Adaptive Traffic Speed Prediction for Growing Transportation Networks (2021)

Over the past decade, many approaches have been introduced for traffic speed prediction. However, providing fine-grained, accurate, time-efficient, and adaptive traffic speed prediction for a growing transportation network where the size of the network keeps increasing and new traffic detectors are constantly deployed has not been well studied. To address this issue, this paper presents DistTune based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and the Nelder-Mead method. When encountering an unprocessed detector, DistTune decides if it should customize an LSTM model for this detector by comparing the detector with other processed detectors in the normalized traffic speed patterns they have observed. If a similarity is found, DistTune directly shares an existing LSTM model with this detector to achieve time-efficient processing. Otherwise, DistTune customizes an LSTM model for the detector to achieve fine-grained prediction. To make DistTune even more time-efficient, DisTune performs on a cluster of computing nodes in parallel. To achieve adaptive traffic speed prediction, DistTune also provides LSTM re-customization for detectors that suffer from unsatisfactory prediction accuracy due to, for instance, changes in traffic speed patterns. Extensive experiments based on traffic data collected from freeway I5-N in California are conducted to evaluate the performance of DistTune. The results demonstrate that DistTune provides fine-grained, accurate, time-efficient, and adaptive traffic speed prediction for a growing transportation network.
Parallel-Amplitude Architecture and Subset Ranking for Fast Distribution Matching (2020)

A distribution matcher (DM) maps a binary input sequence into a block of nonuniformly distributed symbols. To facilitate the implementation of shaped signaling, fast DM solutions with high throughput and low serialism are required. We propose a novel DM architecture with parallel amplitudes (PA-DM) for which m-1 component DMs, each with a different binary output alphabet, are operated in parallel in order to generate a shaped sequence with m amplitudes. With negligible rate loss compared to a single nonbinary DM, PA-DM has a parallelization factor that grows linearly with m, and the component DMs have reduced output lengths. For such binary-output DMs, a novel constant-composition DM (CCDM) algorithm based on subset ranking (SR) is proposed. We present SR-CCDM algorithms that are serial in the minimum number of occurrences of either binary symbol for mapping, and fully parallel for demapping. For distributions that are optimized for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, we numerically show that PA-DM combined with SR-CCDM can reduce the number of sequential processing steps by more than an order of magnitude, while having a rate loss that is comparable to conventional nonbinary CCDM with arithmetic coding.
Learning Based Reconfigurable Sub-nyquist Sampling Framework for Ultra-wideband Angular Sensing (2020)

In this work, an intelligent and reconfigurable ultra-wideband angular sensing (UWAS) framework is proposed which is independent of the maximum number of active transmissions in a wideband spectrum unlike the existing UWAS methods. To perform the above task, we propose a sub-Nyquist sampling and sparse ruler based multi-antenna array receiver architecture. By characterizing and selecting a set of frequency bands via a learning algorithm, the proposed receiver allows sensing of more active transmissions than the number of antenna over an unlimited bandwidth. The simulation results show that due to the learning based approach, the proposed UWAS outperforms when compared to non-learning based UWAS method.
Contribution of T‐type Ca2+ channels to blood pressure regulation in genetically hypertensive rats (2008)

L‐type Ca 2+ channels (LCC) play a major role in Ca 2+ influx into smooth muscle cells and cardiac myocytes. However, other Ca 2+ channels have been recognized to operate in the cardiovascular system of which the T‐type Ca 2+ channels (TCC) have been the focus of attention. Using a novel, highly selective TCC blocker we aimed to determine the contribution of TCC vs. LCC to blood pressure regulation in conscious SHR. Vehicle and equipotent doses of various calcium channels blockers were given IV for 24h. Mibefradil (0.25 mg/kg.h), Amlodipine (0.1 mg/kg.h), Verapamil (0.66 mg/kg.h), and Diltiazem (0.66 mg/kg.h) significantly lowered mean blood pressure (MBP) over 24h by −24±3, −20±4, −22±3, and −22±2 mmHg, respectively and caused tachycardia (5–15%), except Mibefradil. The TCC antagonist (T‐and L‐type IC 50 : 14 and 823 nM), given at 2.95 mg/kg.h IV lowered MBP transiently by −18 mmHg for 1–2h only without changing heart rate. Unbound plasma levels of the novel TCC blocker in vivo were almost 2 times the T‐type IC 50 and 0.03 times the L‐type IC 50 determined in vitro suggesting that the majority of TCC were blocked over 24h. Our studies suggest that the pharmacological effects of the calcium channel blockers tested, including Mibefradil, are due mostly to inhibition of L‐type Ca 2+ channels and that inhibition of T‐type Ca 2+ channels causes acute, transient decreases in blood pressure in conscious genetically hypertensive rats.
AUDIT: Stress Testing the Automatic Way (2012)

Sudden variations in current (large di/dt) can lead to significant power supply voltage droops and timing errors in modern microprocessors. Several papers discuss the complexity involved with developing test programs, also known as stress marks, to stress the system. Authors of these papers produced tools and methodologies to generate stress marks automatically using techniques such as integer linear programming or genetic algorithms. However, nearly all of the previous work took place in the context of single-core systems, and results were collected and analyzed using cycle-level simulators. In this paper, we measure and analyze di/dt issues on state-of-the-art multi-core x86 systems using real hardware rather than simulators. We build on an existing single-core stress mark generation tool to develop an Automated DI/dT stress mark generation framework, referred to as AUDIT, to generate di/dt stress marks quickly and effectively for multicore systems. We showcase AUDIT's capabilities to adjust to micro architectural and architectural changes. We also present a dithering algorithm to address thread alignment issues on multi-core processors. We compare standard benchmarks, existing di/dt stress marks, and AUDIT-generated stress marks executing on multi-threaded, multi-core systems with complex out-of-order pipelines. Finally, we show how stress analysis using simulators may lead to flawed insights about di/dt issues.
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)‐expressing “fibroblast‐like cells” in diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis of humans (2012)

In conclusion, PDGFRα identifies FLC in human gastric smooth muscle. FLC were not altered in distribution or overall numbers in gastroparesis. Additional studies are required to determine their role in human GI function.
Residue dynamics and effects of aluminum on growth and mortality in brook trout (1991)

Abstract Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) about 30 d old and weighing 0.2 g were exposed for 56 d to duplicated nominal pHs of 5.0, 6.0 and 7.2 in combination with nominal aluminum concentrations of 200 μ/L. At 56 d, each treatment group was transferred to water of the same pH without added aluminum and held for 28 d of depuration. Samples of fish were collected from each treatment for whole-body aluminum analyses on days 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 of the exposure. During the depuration period, fish were sampled at 3, 7, 14 and 28 d for whole-body aluminum analyses. Mortality and pH were monitored daily in each treatment. The estimated time to 90% steady state for aluminum in the fish was 1.5 d at pH 5.3, 4.2 d at pH 6.1 and 1.7 d at pH 7.2. Estimated steady-state bioconcentration factors for aluminum, which were inversely related to pH, were 215 at pH 5.3, 123 at pH 6.1 and 36 at pH 7.2. The maximum observed factors were 232 at pH 5.3, 153 at pH 6.1 and 46 at pH 7.2. Brook trout eliminated aluminum from tissues more rapidly at pH 5.3 than at pH 6.1 and 7.2. Mortality was generally higher in brook trout exposed to aluminum at pH 5.3 than in those exposed at pH 6.1 and 7.2. Mortality was lowest (&amp;lt;3%) for the fish exposed to aluminum at pH 7.2.