gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coherent excitation of a strongly coupled quantum dot - cavity system (2009)

We have studied the coherent excitation of a strongly coupled QD/photonic crystal cavity system. Time-resolved reflectivity measurements show the vacuum Rabi oscillation of the dot in the cavity. Next, we considered the resonant driving of a cavity-detuned dot, which efficiently populates the cavity mode. This cavity-controlled read-out channel allows high-resolution single quantum dot spectroscopy. Autocorrelation measurements on the cavity mode show antibunching and suggest the use of the resonantly driven QD/cavity system as an on-demand source of single photons with potentially near-unity indistinguishability.
Ion polarization behavior in alumina under pulsed gate bias stress (2015)

Alkali metal ion incorporation in alumina significantly increases alumina capacitance by ion polarization. With high capacitance, ion-incorporated aluminas become promising high dielectric constant (high-k) gate dielectric materials in field-effect transistors (FETs) to enable reduced operating voltage, using oxide or organic semiconductors. Alumina capacitance can be manipulated by incorporation of alkali metal ions, including potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), and lithium (Li+), having different bond strengths with oxygen. To investigate the electrical stability of zinc tin oxide-based transistors using ion incorporated alumina as gate dielectrics, pulsed biases at different duty cycles (20%, 10%, and 2% representing 5 ms, 10 ms, and 50 ms periods, respectively) were applied to the gate electrode, sweeping the gate voltage over series of these cycles. We observed a particular bias stress-induced decrease of saturation field-effect mobility accompanied by threshold voltage shifts (ΔVth) in potassium and sodium-incorporated alumina (abbreviated as PA and SA)-based FETs at high duty cycle that persisted over multiple gate voltage sweeps, suggesting a possible creation of new defects in the semiconductor. This conclusion is also supported by the greater change in the mobility-capacitance (μC) product than in capacitance itself. Moreover, a more pronounced ΔVth over shorter times was observed in lithium-incorporated alumina (abbreviated as LA)-based transistors, suggesting trapping of electrons in existing interfacial states. ΔVth from multiple gate voltage sweeps over time were fit to stretched exponential forms. All three dielectrics show good stability using 50-ms intervals (20-Hz frequencies), corresponding to 2% duty cycles.
P‐103: Anodic‐Aluminum‐Oxide Templated Carbon Nanotubes in the Field Emission Triode (2007)

Abstract To fabricate the field‐emission triode structure, carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as field emitters and grown in the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). AAO thin layer with vertical pore channels was first prepared on the Si (100) substrate and was used to template the following growth of CNTs in an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR‐CVD) system. The tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) oxide and Al layer were deposited on the CNTs and acted as the dielectric layer and gate electrode layers for the triode structure, respectively. Reactive ion and wet etches were then used to open the field‐emission area in the triode. Field‐emission characteristics of the CNT emitters have been studied and an anode turn‐on field of ∼ 8.05 V/μm was measured.
On the origin of the deviation from the first order kinetics in inactivation of microbial cells by pulsed electric fields (2003)

A computer model was developed for estimation of the kinetics of microbial inactivation by pulsed electric field. The model is based on the electroporation theory of individual membrane damage, where spherical cell geometry and distribution of cell sizes are assumed. The variation of microbial cell sizes was assumed to follow a statistical probability distribution of the Gaussian type. Surviving kinetics was approximated by Weibull equation. The dependencies of two Weibull parameters (shape \textit{n} and time $τ$, respectively) versus electric field intensity E and width of cell diameters distribution was studied.
The Amot/Patj/Syx signaling complex spatially controls RhoA GTPase activity in migrating endothelial cells (2008)

Controlled regulation of Rho GTPase activity is an essential component mediating growth factor-stimulated migration. We have previously shown that angiomotin (Amot), a membrane-associated scaffold protein, plays a critical role during vascular patterning and endothelial migration during embryogenesis. However, the signaling pathways by which Amot controls directional migration are not known. Here we have used peptide pull-down and yeast 2-hybrid (Y2H) screening to identify proteins that interact with the C-terminal PDZ-binding motifs of Amot and its related proteins AmotL1 and 2. We report that Amot and its related proteins bind to the RhoA GTPase exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein Syx. We show that Amot forms a ternary complex together with Patj (or its paralogue Mupp1) and Syx. Using FRET analysis, we provide evidence that Amot controls targeting of RhoA activity to lamellipodia in vitro. We also report that, similar to Amot, morpholino knockdown of Syx in zebrafish results in inhibition of migration of intersegmental arteries. Taken together, our results indicate that the directional migration of capillaries in the embryo is governed by the Amot:Patj/Mupp1:Syx signaling that controls local GTPase activity.
Loss of (Angle) stability of wind power plants. The underestimated phenomenon in case of very low short circuit ratio (2011)

Challenging wind power projects can be confronted by very low short circuit ratio (below ratio 4), and sometimes critical ratio (below 2). Wind power plants (WPP) feeding in their power by means of a voltage source converter (VSC) have the potential to operate under these conditions to a certain extent if appropriately controlled. But the existing limiting physical boundaries are well-known and referred to as voltage collapse and loss of angle stability. Measurements and simulations indicate the potential of advanced wind energy converter (WEC) technology to approach the ultimate physical limits very effectively. This could provide additional opportunities to wind power projects at challenging sites. (orig.)
The role of lipid-derived second messengers in cell growth and transformation. (1987)

Recent information on the structure of growth factor receptors and oncogenes has advanced our understanding of the biochemical mechanism of growth control. Several peptide growth factor receptors have now been purified and, with a few notable exceptions, they fall into a family of homologous proteins with growth factor-stimulated protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. Mutations in the genes encoding for both the growth factors and the growth factor receptors of this family have been shown to cause cell transformation. Thus, PTKs have been implicated both in normal growth control and in cell transformation. The critical targets for these PTKs have not been determined. Several but not all growth factors stimulate production of the phosphatidylinositol (PI)-derived second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. By purifying and characterizing the enzymes involved in PI turnover we are attempting to determine how this system is regulated by growth factors and oncogene products. We have found that fibroblasts contain two distinct PI kinases, and that one of these enzymes can be precipitated with antibodies against phosphotyrosine only after addition of platelet-derived growth factor. The relevance of the PI turnover pathway in propagation of growth signals is discussed.
Data from Combination of Farnesyltransferase and Akt Inhibitors Is Synergistic in Breast Cancer Cells and Causes Significant Breast Tumor Regression in ErbB2 Transgenic Mice (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The Akt activation inhibitor triciribine and the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib have modest to little activity in clinical trials when used as single agents. In this article, preclinical data show that the combination is more effective than single agents both in cultured cells and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Combination index data analysis shows that this combination is highly synergistic at inhibiting anchorage-dependent growth of breast cancer cells. This synergistic interaction is also observed with structurally unrelated inhibitors of Akt (MK-2206) and farnesyltransferase (FTI-2153). The triciribine/tipifarnib synergistic effects are seen with several cancer cell lines including those from breast, leukemia, multiple myeloma and lung tumors with different genetic alterations such as K-Ras, B-Raf, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase), p53 and pRb mutations, PTEN, pRB and Ink4a deletions, and ErbB receptor overexpression. Furthermore, the combination is synergistic at inhibiting anchorage-independent growth and at inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The combination is also more effective at inhibiting the Akt/mTOR/S6 kinase pathway. In an ErbB2-driven breast tumor transgenic mouse model, the combination, but not single agent, treatment with triciribine and tipifarnib induces significant breast tumor regression. Our findings warrant further investigation of the combination of farnesyltransferase and Akt inhibitors. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(9); 2852–62. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
On Multiterminal Communication over MIMO Channels with One-bit ADCs at the Receivers (2019)

The fundamental limits of communication over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks are considered when a limited number of one-bit analog to digital converters (ADC) are used at the receiver terminals. Prior works have mainly focused on point-to-point communications, where receiver architectures consisting of a concatenation of an analog processing module, a limited number of one-bit ADCs with non-adaptive thresholds, and a digital processing module are considered. In this work, a new receiver architecture is proposed which utilizes adaptive threshold one-bit ADCs - where the ADC thresholds at each channel-use are dependent on the channel outputs in the previous channel-uses - to mitigate the quantization rate-loss. Coding schemes are proposed for communication over the point-to-point and broadcast channels, and achievable rate regions are derived. In the high SNR regime, it is shown that using the proposed architectures and coding schemes leads to the largest achievable rate regions among all receiver architectures with the same number of one-bit ADCs.
The Role of Eryptosis in the Pathogenesis of Renal Anemia: Insights From Basic Research and Mathematical Modeling (2020)

Red blood cells (RBC) are the most abundant cells in the blood. Despite powerful defense systems against chemical and mechanical stressors, their life span is limited to about 120 days in healthy humans and further shortened in patients with kidney failure. Changes in the cell membrane potential and cation permeability trigger a cascade of events that lead to exposure of phosphatidylserine on the outer leaflet of the RBC membrane. The translocation of phosphatidylserine is an important step in a process that eventually results in eryptosis, the programmed death of an RBC. The regulation of eryptosis is complex and involves several cellular pathways, such as the regulation of non-selective cation channels. Increased cytosolic calcium concentration results in scramblase and floppase activation, exposing phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, leading to early clearance of RBCs from the circulation by phagocytic cells. While eryptosis is physiologically meaningful to recycle iron and other RBC constituents in healthy subjects, it is augmented under pathological conditions, such as kidney failure. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the number of eryptotic RBC is significantly increased, resulting in a shortened RBC life span that further compounds renal anemia. In CKD patients, uremic toxins, oxidative stress, hypoxemia, and inflammation contribute to the increased eryptosis rate. Eryptosis may have an impact on renal anemia, and depending on the degree of shortened RBC life span, the administration of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents is often insufficient to attain desired hemoglobin target levels. The goal of this review is to indicate the importance of eryptosis as a process closely related to life span reduction, aggravating renal anemia.
Structured illumination microscopy for dual-modality 3D sub-diffraction resolution fluorescence and refractive-index reconstruction (2017)

Though structured illumination (SI) microscopy is a popular imaging technique conventionally associated with fluorescent super-resolution, recent works have suggested its applicability towards sub-diffraction coherent imaging with quantitative endogenous biological contrast. Here, we demonstrate that SI can efficiently integrate the principles of fluorescent super-resolution and coherent synthetic aperture to achieve 3D dual-modality sub-diffraction resolution, fluorescence and refractive-index (RI) visualizations of biological samples. Such a demonstration can enable future biological studies to synergistically explore molecular and biophysical/biochemical mechanisms at sub-diffraction resolutions. We experimentally demonstrate this framework by introducing a SI microscope capable of 3D sub-diffraction fluorescence and RI imaging, and verify its biological visualization capabilities by experimentally reconstructing 3D RI/fluorescence visualizations of fluorescent calibration microspheres as well as alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinoma (A549) and human colorectal adenocarcinmoa (HT-29) cells, fluorescently stained for F-actin.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Evolution of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in ctDNA during Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1 shows independent estimation of circulating tumor DNA fraction using whole exome sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;
A code equivalence between streaming network coding and streaming index coding (2017)

We consider a delay-constrained streaming model for zero-error communications and show that under this model, network coding and index coding problems are code equivalent. That is, any streaming network coding instance can be efficiently mapped to a corresponding acyclic streaming index coding instance such that an index code for the latter can be efficiently transformed into a network code for the former. This reduction holds even for network coding instances that contain cycles, thereby proving the first known reduction from cyclic to finite acyclic network coding networks.
Cytomegalovirus cell death suppressor vMIA blocks Bax- but not Bak-mediated apoptosis by binding and sequestering Bax at mitochondria (2004)

We report that the cytomegalovirus-encoded cell death suppressor vMIA binds Bax and prevents Bax-mediated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by sequestering Bax at mitochondria in the form of a vMIA-Bax complex. vMIA mutants with a defective mitochondria-targeting domain retain their Bax-binding function but not their ability to suppress mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or cell death. vMIA does not seem to either specifically associate with Bak or suppress Bak-mediated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Recent evidence suggests that the contribution of Bax and Bak in the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway depends on the distinct phenotypes of cells, and it appears from our data that vMIA is capable of suppressing apoptosis in cells in which this pathway is dominated by Bax, but not in cells where Bak also plays a role.
Extracardiac Abnormalities in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease (1975)

Extracardiac anomalies (ECA) occur in 25% of infants seen during the first year of life for significant cardiac disease. Often the ECA are multiple and one third of the affected infants have some established syndrome. In infants with endocardial cushion defect, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, malpositions, tetralogy of Fallot, and complex coarctation ECA occur in 25% or more of the cases. The most frequent ECA are in the musculoskeletal system or associated with a specific syndrome. The presence of an ECA significantly increases the mortality in infants with CHD.
Sensing systems using chip-based spectrometers (2014)

Tornado Spectral Systems has developed a new chip-based spectrometer called OCTANE, the Optical Coherence Tomography Advanced Nanophotonic Engine, built using a planar lightwave circuit with integrated waveguides fabricated on a silicon wafer. While designed for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) systems, the same miniaturized technology can be applied to many other spectroscopic applications. The field of integrated optics enables the design of complex optical systems which are monolithically integrated on silicon chips. The form factors of these systems can be significantly smaller, more robust and less expensive than their equivalent free-space counterparts. Fabrication techniques and material systems developed for microelectronics have previously been adapted for integrated optics in the telecom industry, where millions of chip-based components are used to power the optical backbone of the internet. We have further adapted the photonic technology platform for spectroscopy applications, allowing unheard-of economies of scale for these types of optical devices. Instead of changing lenses and aligning systems, these devices are accurately designed programmatically and are easily customized for specific applications. Spectrometers using integrated optics have large advantages in systems where size, robustness and cost matter: field-deployable devices, UAVs, UUVs, satellites, handheld scanning and more. We will discuss the performance characteristics of our chip-based spectrometers and the type of spectral sensing applications enabled by this technology.
Antiparasitic activities of new lawsone Mannich bases (2019)

A series of new lawsone Mannich bases derived from salicylaldehydes or nitrofurfural were prepared and tested for their activities against Leishmania major, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trypanosoma brucei brucei parasites. The hydrochloride salts 5a and 6a of the Mannich bases 2a and 3a, derived from unsubstituted salicylaldehyde and long-chained alkyl amines, were selectively and strongly active against T. gondii cells and appear to be new promising drug candidates against this parasite. Compound 6a showed an even higher activity against T. gondii than the known lawsone Mannich base 1b. Compound 4a, derived from salicylaldehyde and 2-methylaminopyridine, was also distinctly active against T. gondii cells. The derivatives 3a (salicyl derivative), 3b (3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl derivative), and 3d (5-nitrofuranyl derivative) as well as the hydrochlorides 6a and 6b were also efficacious against T. b. brucei cells with compounds 3a and 3b being more selective for T. b. brucei over Vero cells when compared with the known control compound 1b. The derivatives 5a, 5c, 6a, and 6c proved to be up to five times more active than 1b against L. major promastigotes and up to four times more efficacious against L. major amastigotes.
Evaluation of undoped zinc sulfide crystal scintillator (2013)

Undoped ZnS crystal was evaluated on its scintillation characteristics. In optical transmittance, high transparency of 70% was observed from UV to near infrared wavelengths. In X-ray induced radioluminescence, two intense peaks appeared at 430 and 520 nm. When <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">241</sup> Am was irradiated, its scintillation light yield resulted 500 ph/5.5 MeV-α.
Crosslinking effect on the deformation and fracture of monodisperse polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene particles (2013)

This study focuses on the effect of crosslinking density on the mechanical response of polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) particles under compression by means of nanoindentation-based flat punch method combined with SEM observation of particle morphologies. The monodisperse PS-DVB particles with about 5 !m in diameter are produced by the Ugelstad activated swelling method and the crosslinking density defined as the weight percentage of activated crosslinker DVB during the preparation process varies from 2.0 to 55.3%. Results show that the particle stress-strain behaviour is independent of the crosslinking density if the strain is less than 10%. With increasing strain level over 10%, a higher crosslinking leads to a stiffer behaviour of the particles. While slightly crosslinked (2.0 and 5.0 wt%) particles undergo plastic deformation with crazing and residual strain, highly crosslinked (21.3, 32.0 and 55.3 wt%) counterparts experience perfectly viscoelastic deformation. The crosslinking density significantly influences the fracture property as well as the failure morphology. Slightly crosslinked particles become permanently deformed after compression, while highly crosslinked ones are entirely fragmented once a critical strain is reached.
Partially-Coupled d-q-0 Components of Magnetically-Isolated FSCW IPM Machines in Pre- and Post-Fault Control (2018)

Fractional-slot concentrated winding interior permanent magnet (FSCW-IPM) machines have been designed with very low winding mutual inductance for magnetic isolation features required for improving their fault-tolerant capabilities. These magnetically-isolated FSCW-IPM machines no longer adhere to the preconditions required for a conventional abc-to-dq0 transformation. As a result, it is found in this paper that d-/q. -axes could couple with 0-axis in magnetically-isolated FSCW-IPM machines. Considering the 2nd-order reluctance component, this phenomenon leads to 3rd-harmonic injection in phase voltages during normal operation, which can be cancelled out in terms of line-to-line voltage for Y-connected three-phase system. For post-fault operation of a three-phase FSCW-IPM machine with winding neutral return path, 0-axis current is non-zero, resulting in the 3rd and 5th harmonic injection in phase voltages. Study shows that the amplitudes of those extra harmonics are determined by both saliency ratio and 0-axis current. For field-oriented control during post-fault operation, the bandwidth of the PI current regulator as well as switching frequency should be carefully determined to be able to take into account the major harmonics injected in phase voltages. Co-Simulation that links the finite element model with the control algorithm has been carried out to show the impact of this phenomenon.
Differential Diagnosis in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies via VMAT2 and Amyloid Imaging (2012)

[(18)F]AV-133 allows assessment of nigrostriatal degeneration in Lewy body diseases. In contrast to amyloid imaging, VMAT2 imaging with [(18)F]AV-133 can robustly detect reductions of dopaminergic nigrostriatal afferents in DLB patients, assisting in the differential diagnosis from AD.
Sea of leads microwave characterization and process integration with FEOL and BEOL (2003)

Complete front-end-of-the-line (FEOL), back-end-of-the-line (BEOL), and Sea of Leads (SoL) process integration is reported with the end result being fully packaged CMOS dice at wafer-level. In addition, SoL microwave characterization in the 0.1-45 GHz frequency range demonstrates that the insertion-loss decreases with increasing lead thickness and decreasing lead length. Worst case insertion-loss for signal path into- and out- of the package was measured at wafer-level to be 1.15 dB at 45 GHz. Crosstalk between parallel leads was approximately -30 dB at 45 GHz. Finally, the fabrication of a high-density substrate for SoL using low cost multi-crystalline Si is reported.