gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formulation Compatibility of Myristyl Nicotinate with Drugs Used to Treat Dermatological Conditions Involving an Impaired Skin Barrier (2007)

A number of dermatology conditions including skin photodamage, atopic dermatitis, and rosacea involve skin barrier impairment and first line therapies for these conditions including retinoids and steroids further impair skin barrier function. We have evaluated the compatibility of myristyl nicotinate, an agent that enhances skin barrier function, with drugs used to treat conditions where skin barrier impairment is present including photodamage (retinoic acid), atopic dermatitis (hydrocortisone, triamcinolone acetonide), rosacea (metronidazole), and seborrheic dermatitis (ketoconazole). Myristyl nicotinate was found to be compatible with each of the drugs examined when formulated together and also was shown to be photocompatible with retinoic acid. Our results suggest that the combination of myristyl nicotinate with these drugs is a feasible therapeutic development strategy.
Application of phase shift focus monitor in EUVL process control (2013)

Both 90.9&deg; and 180&deg; phase shifts have been achieved using a new Phase Shift Mask (PSM) structure. This PSM is intended for use as a focus monitor. Both the EUV images of the focus monitor patterns on the new EUV PSM test mask, obtained from the SEMATECH/Berkeley Actinic Inspection Microscope (AIT), and the SEMATECH EUV Micro Exposure Tool (MET), shows that an alternating PSM EUV mask can be effectively used for EUVL focus monitoring.
Linaclotide Efficacy on Dyspepsia Symptoms Using Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) in a Phase 3B Trial of CIC Patients With Bloating (2014)

Introduction: Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) patients often report overlapping GI conditions including functional dyspepsia (FD). Rome III characterizes FD by the presence of ≥1 of 4 key symptoms (postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, epigastric burning). NDI is an FD-specific patientreported outcome instrument that measures symptoms and quality of life. Its reliability and validity have been well characterized in patients with dyspepsia. Linaclotide (LIN) is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist approved in the U.S. for treatment of CIC and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Our aim was to explore the efficacy of LIN on dyspepsia symptoms in CIC patients using the NDI Symptom Checklist (NDI-SC).Table 1Methods: CIC patients with abdominal bloating at baseline (BL), ≥5 on a 0-10 numerical rating scale, were randomized to daily oral LIN (145 or 290 μg) or placebo (PBO). Using NDI-SC, patients rated 3 aspects of 15 dyspepsia symptoms: frequency (0=none, 4=almost every day); intensity (0=none, 5=very severe); and bothersomeness (0=none, 4=extremely) at BL and 2eeks 2, 4, 8, and 12; for each symptom, the 3 responses were summed for a total score (range=0-13). The 4 NDI items corresponding to the Rome III key FD symptoms are Fullness after Eating or Slow Digestion; Inability to Finish a Regular Meal; Pain or Ache in Upper Abdomen; Burning Sensation in Upper Abdomen. Changes in mean NDI-SC total scores were compared for LIN vs PBO-treated patients in the ITT population. Results: For the ITT population (N=483), reductions from BL to week 12 in mean total scores for each of the 15 NDI symptoms were greater for LIN vs PBO (Table). Mean treatment differences were significant (P<0.01) for both LIN doses vs PBO for 3 of 4 key FD symptoms. Conclusion: In CIC patients with bloating, LIN improved dyspepsia symptoms compared with PBO. Disclosure - Nicholas Talley is a paid consultant for Danone, Prometheus, and UptoDate, and receives research grants from Abbott Pharmacueticals, Datapharm Australia, Forest, Ironwood, Janssen, Prometheus, Rome III Study, and Takeda. Steve Shiff, Robyn Carson, and Rick Blakesley are employees of Forest Research Institute, Inc., and own stock and/or stock options in Forest Laboratories, Inc. Xinming Hao, Bernard Lavins, Mark Currie, Caroline Kurtz, and Jeffrey Johnston are employees of Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and own stock and/or stock options in Ironwood Pharmaceuticals. This research was supported by an industry grant from Forest Research Institute and Ironwood Pharmaceuticals.
ChemInform Abstract: Improving Stabilized Zirconia with Strontium Gallate. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM(II) COMPLEXES OF SOME THIAZOLES AND BENZOTHIAZOLES, 2‐HYDROXY‐4‐METHYLTHIAZOLE AS A SELECTIVE REAGENT FOR SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PALLADIUM(II) (1973)

Abstract Die Eignung von 2‐Amino‐, 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐methylthiazol, 2‐Amino‐, 2‐Hydroxyund 2‐Mercapto‐benzothiazol als Reagenz für die photometrische Bestimmung von Pd(II) wird geprüft.
Long Term Evolution primary synchronization algorithms (2010)

In this paper we will describe the procedure for primary synchronization in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems downlink and we will propose two enhanced algorithms that rely on the traditional methods described in other papers (based on cross-correlation properties of Zadoff-Chu sequences), but provide extra robustness through a validation process that can be made either “hard” or “soft”. The result contains the value for the sector identifier and location of the primary sequence, necessary for further synchronization and confirmation through the cell-specific reference signal (RS).
Finite element simulation of laser based optical generation of ultrasound (2003)

There is growing interest in microscopic 2D arrays for very high resolution imaging. One approach, based on using a scanned laser for both generation and detection of acoustic waves, has been proposed by the University of Michigan ultrasound group. Various design improvements have been advanced. These include: changing the thermoelastic source material (replacing Chromium with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) and eliminating the glass substrate (by replacing it with an all PDMS structure). In this paper we investigate the impact of these design changes and also consider the impact of laser spot size using PZFlex Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In particular, a thermoelastic coupling capability was introduced, and tested, in the FEA simulations.
On Lossless Coding With Coded Side Information (2009)

This paper considers the problem, first introduced by Ahlswede and Korner in 1975, of lossless source coding with coded side information. Specifically, let <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</i> be two random variables such that <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> is desired losslessly at the decoder while <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</i> serves as side information. The random variables are encoded independently, and both descriptions are used by the decoder to reconstruct <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> . Ahlswede and Korner describe the achievable rate region in terms of an auxiliary random variable. This paper gives a partial solution for an optimal auxiliary random variable, thereby describing part of the rate region explicitly in terms of the distribution of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y</i> .
Simultaneous determination of 22 fatty acids in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (2023)

Evaluating total parenteral nutrition (TPN) products for quality assurance and quality control is crucial due to the chemical complexity of its components. With the advent of exploring different approaches for analysing TPN components using tandem mass spectrometry techniques, there is still a need for a robust and reproducible method for industrial routine analyses. This study allows simple, simultaneous determination of 22 fatty acids (FAs) commonly found in TPN components using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Five different transesterification techniques were applied for the FA standards and the sodium methoxide in methanol-dimethyl carbonate method was selected due to its good methylation efficiency. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were separated in gas chromatography using an HP-5MS UI column with helium as the carrier gas. Mass spectrometry was used to fragment and quantify FAMEs using electron ionization (EI) and selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The analytical method was evaluated using the guidelines from the US Food and Drug Agency (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) in compliance with the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) document Q2(R2). Correlation coefficients (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>) of the calibration curves for FAMEs were 0.99, except for C24:1 n-9 and C24:0, both <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.98. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 1.69 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> and 5.14 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The linear range was from 3.10-179.9 μg mL<sup>-1</sup> for most FAMEs, except for C18:1 n-7 (3.96-224.9 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>) and C18:1 n-9 (6.30-349.57 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>). The intra-day and inter-day precision coefficients of variance (CV) of the method were less than 11.10% and 11.30%, respectively. Freeze-thaw cycles and ambient temperature measurements were performed for assessing sample stability. The validated method was applied to analyse major TPN components-fish and olive oils, and an unidentified lipid sample. The presented GC-MS method is simple and robust in the identification and quantification of 22 fatty acids simultaneously in the tested TPN components.
Plasma membrane recovery kinetics of a microfluidic intracellular delivery platform (1013.2) (2014)

Intracellular delivery of macromolecules continues to be a challenge in both research and therapeutic applications. Recently, physical delivery methods, such as electroporation and sonoporation, have emerged that provide direct access to the cytoplasm by disrupting the plasma membrane. For a rapid development of such methods the mechanisms behind their action need to be understood. We use the microfluidic shear‐based CellSqueeze delivery platform to examine the kinetics of plasma membrane recovery after disruption and its dependence on the calcium content in the surrounding buffer. Delivery experiments with HeLa cells show that the pores close ten times faster when calcium is present in the surrounding buffer. If we eliminate calcium from the buffer, we are able to improve delivery efficiency five‐fold without sacrificing cellular viability. Membrane repair characteristics initially observed in HeLa cells are shown to translate to primary naïve murine T cells, suggesting that calcium may have a similar role across many cell types. Subsequent manipulation of other delivery parameters enables the delivery of larger macromolecules, such as antibodies, into naïve t cells. The work provides insight into the membrane repair process in response to mechanical disruption and could potentially enable the development of improved delivery methods. Grant Funding Source : Supported by National Institutes of Health Grants RC1 EB011187‐02 and R01GM101420‐01A1
Compact wideband rat-race hybrid utilizing composite right/left-handed transmission lines (2013)

This paper presents a compact wideband rat-race hybrid composed of composite right/left-handed transmission lines (CRLH-TLs). Using CRLH-TLs with phase delays of -90 degrees and a right-handed transmission line (RH-TL) with 90 degrees at a design frequency, a relative bandwidth of about 36 % can be obtained at the design frequency of 4 GHz. Furthermore, size reduction of about 60 % can be simultaneously achieved compared with a conventional rat-race hybrid utilizing only RH-TLs based on a distributed circuit theory. The validity of this design procedure has been demonstrated by em-simulations and experiments. Moreover, a trial rat-race hybrid can maintain wideband characteristics and no variation of insertion losses up to 20 dBm input power.
Indications for Pacemakers, ICDs and CRT: Identifying Patients Who Benefit from Cardiac Rhythm Devices (2012)

The number of individuals who benefit from pacemaker, defibrillator, or resynchronization therapy has grown dramatically over the past decade as new studies have demonstrated symptom and survival benefit in appropriately selected patients. At the same time, device insertion in individuals who may only marginally benefit is associated with increased morbidity and worse outcomes. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge to identify which patients benefit the most from the device therapy, and which patients are not suitable candidates. It systematically reviews pacemaker, defibrillator, and resynchronization device indications.
A Hybrid Least Squares and Principal Component Analysis Algorithm for Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for detecting and quantifying analytes in chemical mixtures. A critical part of Raman spectroscopy is the use of a computer algorithm to analyze the measured Raman spectra. The most commonly used algorithm is the classical least squares method, which is popular due to its speed and ease of implementation. However, it is sensitive to inaccuracies or variations in the reference spectra of the analytes (compounds of interest) and the background. Many algorithms, primarily multivariate calibration methods, have been proposed that increase robustness to such variations. In this study, we propose a novel method that improves robustness even further by explicitly modeling variations in both the background and analyte signals. More specifically, it extends the classical least squares model by allowing the declared reference spectra to vary in accordance with the principal components obtained from training sets of spectra measured in prior characterization experiments. The amount of variation allowed is constrained by the eigenvalues of this principal component analysis. We compare the novel algorithm to the least squares method with a low-order polynomial residual model, as well as a state-of-the-art hybrid linear analysis method. The latter is a multivariate calibration method designed specifically to improve robustness to background variability in cases where training spectra of the background, as well as the mean spectrum of the analyte, are available. We demonstrate the novel algorithm's superior performance by comparing quantitative error metrics generated by each method. The experiments consider both simulated data and experimental data acquired from in vitro solutions of Raman-enhanced gold-silica nanoparticles.
Combined fluticasone propionate and salmeterol reduces RSV infection more effectively than either of them alone in allergen-sensitized mice (2006)

Together, these results indicate that fluticasone in combination with salmeterol is a more effective treatment for decreasing airway hyperreactivity and inflammation than either of them alone in allergen-sensitized, RSV-infected mice.
HE-Friendly Algorithm for Privacy-Preserving SVM Training (2020)

Support vector machine (SVM) is one of the most popular machine learning algorithms. It predicts a pre-defined output variable in real-world applications. Machine learning on encrypted data is becoming more and more important to protect both model information and data against various adversaries. While some studies have been proposed on inference or prediction phases, few have been reported on the training phase. Homomorphic encryption (HE) for the arithmetic of approximate numbers scheme enables efficient arithmetic evaluations of encrypted data of real numbers, which encourages to develop privacy-preserving machine learning training algorithm. In this study, we propose an HE-friendly algorithm for the SVM training phase which avoids inefficient operations and numerical instability on an encrypted domain. The inference phase is also implemented on the encrypted domain with fully-homomorphic encryption which enables real-time prediction. Our experiment showed that our HE-friendly algorithm outperformed the state-of-the-art logistic regression classifier with fully homomorphic encryption on toy and real-world datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first practical algorithm for training an SVM model with fully homomorphic encryption. Therefore, our result supports the development of practical applications of the privacy-preserving SVM model.
Overview of the TREC 2003 Web Track. (2002)

The TREC 2003 web track consisted of both a non-interactive stream and an interactive stream. Both streams worked with the .GOV test collection. The non-interactive stream continued an investigation into the importance of homepages in Web ranking, via both a Topic Distillation task and a Navigational task. In the topic distillation task, systems were expected to return a list of the homepages of sites relevant to each of a series of broad queries. This differs from previous homepage experiments in that queries may have multiple correct answers. The navigational task required systems to return a particular desired web page as early as possible in the ranking in response to queries. In half of the queries, the target answer was the homepage of a site and the query was derived from the name of the site (Homepage finding) while in the other half, the target answers were not homepages and the queries were derived from the name of the page (Named page finding). The two types of query were arbitrarily mixed and not identified. The interactive stream focused on human participation in a topic distillation task over the .GOV collection. Studies conducted by the two participating groups compared a search engine using automatic topic distillation features with the same engine with those features disabled in order to determine whether the automatic topic distillation features assisted the users in the performance of their tasks and whether humans could achieve better results than the automatic system.
Involvement of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein in B-Cell Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinase Pathway (1999)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) has been shown to play a role in normal B-lymphocyte development. Defective expression of Btk leads to human and murine immunodeficiencies. However, the exact role of Btk in the cytoplasmic signal transduction in B cells is still unclear. This study represents a search for the substrate for Btk in vivo. We identified one of the major phosphoproteins associated with Btk in the preB cell line NALM6 as the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), the gene product responsible for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, which is another hereditary immunodeficiency with distinct abnormalities in hematopoietic cells. We demonstrated that WASP was transiently tyrosine-phosphorylated after B-cell antigen receptor cross-linking on B cells, suggesting that WASP is located downstream of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases. An in vivo reconstitution system demonstrated that WASP is physically associated with Btk and can serve as the substrate for Btk. A protein binding assay suggested that the tyrosine-phosphorylation of WASP alters the association between WASP and a cellular protein. Furthermore, identification of the phosphorylation site of WASP in reconstituted cells allowed us to evaluate the catalytic specificity of Btk, the exact nature of which is still unknown.
Etching Efficacy of Self-Etching Functional Monomers (2018)

Besides chemically interacting with hard tooth tissue, acidic functional monomers of self-etch adhesives should etch the prepared tooth surface to dissolve the smear layer and to provide surface micro-retention. Although the etching efficacy of functional monomers is commonly determined in terms of pH, the pH of adhesives cannot accurately be measured. Better is to measure the hydroxyapatite (HAp)-dissolving capacity, also considering that functional monomers may form monomer-Ca salts. Here, the etching efficacy of 6 functional monomers (GPDM, phenyl-P, MTEGP, 4-META, 6-MHP and 10-MDP) was investigated. Solutions containing 15 wt% monomer, 45 wt% ethanol, and 40 wt% water were prepared. Initially, we observed enamel surfaces exposed to monomer solution by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to detect monomer-Ca salt formation. Phenyl-P exhibited a strong etching effect, while 10-MDP-treated enamel showed substance deposition, which was identified by XRD as 10-MDP-Ca salt. To confirm these SEM/XRD findings, we determined the etching efficacy of functional monomers by measuring both the concentration of Ca released from HAp using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and the amount of monomer-Ca salt formation using <sup>31</sup>P magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). ICP-AES revealed that the highest Ca concentration was produced by phenyl-P and the lowest Ca concentration, almost equally, by 4-META and 10-MDP. Only 10-MDP formed 10-MDP-Ca salts, indicating that 10-MDP released more Ca from HAp than was measured by ICP-AES. Part of the released Ca was consumed to form 10-MDP-Ca salts. It is concluded that the repeatedly reported higher bonding effectiveness of 10-MDP-based adhesives must not only be attributed to the more intense chemical bonding of 10-MDP but also to its higher etching potential, a combination the other functional monomers investigated lack.
Node cooperation with local views in the two-user interference channel (2012)

We study the role of cooperative infrastructure in distributed interference-limited networks. We focus on the two-user interference channel with a per-node model of channel state knowledge known as local views which emphasizes the mismatched knowledge held by each node. Prior work established that, without cooperation, a significant amount of knowledge is needed by each node to outperform basic orthogonalization schemes. By characterizing the capacity region under both unlimited transmitter cooperation and unlimited receiver cooperation, we provide insight into how cooperation may compensate for limited and mismatched channel state knowledge to enable more sophisticated transmission and higher performance.
Attaching Organic Layers to Semiconductor Surfaces (2002)

Methods that can be used to tailor the surface properties of semiconductors will become increasingly important as new applications for semiconductor-based materials continue to be developed. The attachment of organic groups in particular can impart new functionality to the surface, providing properties such as passivation, molecular recognition, lubrication, or biocompatibility. This article will focus on organic functionalization of Group IV surfaces using vapor phase delivery in a dry processing environment. A combination of experimental and theoretical methods has been applied to identify the bonding and reactivity of the organic layers at the semiconductor surface. The attachment chemistry of dienes and amines at the Si(100)-2 × 1 surface will be described. We show that the [4+2] cycloaddition (Diels−Alder reaction) occurs readily for a range of conjugated dienes at the (100)-2 × 1 surface of Si, and that the reaction occurs at the surfaces of Ge(100) and C(100) as well. In amine reactivity, competing reaction pathways such as N−H bond dissociation and dative bonding through the nitrogen lone pair have been observed. The potential for these different classes of attachment reactions to impact future applications will be discussed.