gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concise Synthesis ofv-Coelenterazines (2015)

A novel synthetic method for v-coelenterazine (v-CTZ), which is a vinylene-bridged analog of native CTZ with a large red-shifted luminescence property, is described. The synthesis was achieved in a concise way through the use of three sequential cross-coupling reactions and ring-closing metathesis (RCM). A newly synthesized C2-modified trifluoromethyl analog cf3-v-CTZ showed slightly more red-shifted luminescence than v-CTZ when it was used as a substrate for Renilla luciferases.
Large-Scale DWDM Photonic Integrated Circuits (2005)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Ziari, R. Nagarajan, M. Kato, C. H. Joyner, R. P. Schneider, J. Bäck, J. S. Bostak, T. Butrie, A. G. Dentai, T. Desikan, V. G. Dominic, P. W. Evans, M. Kauffman, D. J. H. Lambert, S. K. Hurtt, A. Mathur, R. H. Miles, M. L. Mitchell, M. J. Missey, S. Murthy, A. C. Nilsson, F. H. Peters, S. C. Pennypacker, J. L. Pleumeekers, R. A. Salvatore, R. Schlenker, R. B. Taylor, H. Tsai, M. F. Van Leeuwen, J. Webjorn, J. Singh, S. G. Grubb, D. Perkins, M. Reffle, D. G. Mehuys, F. A. Kish, and D. F. Welch, "Large-Scale DWDM Photonic Integrated Circuits," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2005), paper WA1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Tumourigenicity and radiation resistance of mesenchymal stem cells (2011)

This study has shown possible common genetic events linking tumourigenicity and radiation response. The PLAU and PLAUR genes are involved in apoptosis evasion while the genes TIMP3, MMP1 and LOX are involved in regulation of the surrounding matrix. The first group may contribute to the difference in radiation resistance observed and the latter could be a major contributor to the tumourigenic capabilities by degrading the intercellular matrix. These results also indicate that cancer stem cells are more radiation resistant than stem cells of the same origin.
Enhanced Hydrothermal Stability and Catalytic Activity of LaxZryOz Mixed Oxides for the Ketonization of Acetic Acid in the Aqueous Condensed Phase (2017)

Common ketonization catalysts such as ZrO2-, CeO2-, and TiO2-based catalysts have been reported to lose surface area, undergo phase transformation, and lose catalytic activity when they are utilized in the condensed aqueous phase. In this work, we synthesized a series of LaxZryOz mixed-metal oxides with different La:Zr atomic ratios with the goal of enhancing the catalytic activity and stability for the ketonization of acetic acid in condensed aqueous media at 568 K. We synthesized a hydrothermally stable LaxZryOz mixed-metal oxide catalyst with ketonization activity 265 and 45 times more active than La2O3 and ZrO2, respectively. Catalyst characterization techniques suggest that the enhanced stability of the LaxZryOz catalysts is observed with the formation of a phase isomorphic with tetragonal ZrO2. DRIFTS spectroscopy measurements indicated the enhanced catalytic activity of LaxZryOz catalysts correlated with greater acetic acid surface population in the presence of H2O versus pure ZrO2.
Author Correction: Comparative study of the toxicity between three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their UV/Na2S2O8 degradation products on Cyprinus carpio (2019)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
The Role of Interferon in Influenza Virus Tissue Tropism (1998)

We have studied the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice that are unable to respond to type I or II interferons due to a targeted disruption of the STAT1 gene. STAT1-/- animals are 100-fold more sensitive to lethal infection with influenza A/WSN/33 virus than are their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Virus replicated only in the lungs of WT animals following intranasal (i.n.) virus inoculation, while STAT1-/- mice developed a fulminant systemic influenza virus infection following either i.n. or intraperitoneal inoculation. We investigated the mechanism underlying this altered virus tropism by comparing levels of virus replication in fibroblast cell lines and murine embryonic fibroblasts derived from WT mice, STAT-/- mice, and mice lacking gamma interferon (IFNgamma-/- mice) or the IFN-alpha receptor (IFNalphaR-/- mice). Influenza A/WSN/33 virus replicates to high titers in STAT1-/- or IFNalphaR-/- fibroblasts, while cells derived from WT or IFNgamma-/- animals are resistant to influenza virus infection. Immunofluorescence studies using WT fibroblast cell lines demonstrated that only a small subpopulation of WT cells can be infected and that in the few infected WT cells, virus replication is aborted at an early, nuclear phase. In all organs examined except the lung, influenza A WSN/33 virus infection is apparently prevented by an intact type I interferon response. Our results demonstrate that type I interferon plays an important role in determining the pathogenicity and tissue restriction of influenza A/WSN/33 virus in vivo and in vitro.
Synthesis and characterization of oxyethylene containing polyamide‐imides (1990)

Abstract Two nonlinear dihydrazides, namely 1,2‐bis(3‐hydrazinocarbonylphenoxy)ethane and bis[2(3‐hydrazinocarbonylphenoxy)ethyl] ether, were synthesized by the acylation reaction of hydrazine hydrate with the corresponding aromatic esters and were characterized by IR, 13 C‐NMR, and mass spectroscopy. These dihydrazides were each polycondensed with dianhydrides, benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) to obtain poly(amic acid) with η inh 0.60–0.85 dL/g in dimethylacetamide solution. These poly(amic acid)s were soluble in polar aprotic solvents like dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethyl formamide (DMF) and could be cast into transparent, tough, and flexible films that were cyclodehydrated to obtain amorphous, thermally stable polyamide‐imides. The polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis.
Multi-energy performance of a research prototype CT scanner with small-pixel counting detector (2013)

We have investigated the multi-energy performance of our most recent prototype CT scanner with CdTe-based counting detector. With its small pixel pitch of 225 &mu;m this device is prepared for the high X-ray fluxes occurring in clinical CT. Each of these pixels is equipped with two adjustable counters. The ASIC architecture of the detector allows configuration of the counter thresholds in chess patterns, enabling data acquisition in up to four energy bins. We have studied the material separation capability of counting CT with respect to potential clinical applications. Therefore we have analyzed contrast and noise properties in material decomposed CT images using up to four base materials. We have studied contrast agents containing iodine, gadolinium, or gold, and the body-like materials calcium, fat, and water. We describe the mathematical framework used in this work and demonstrate the general multi-energy capability of counting CT with simulations and experimental data from our prototype scanner. To prove the clinical relevance of our studies we compare the results to those obtained with well-established dual-kVp techniques recorded at same patient dose and with identical image sharpness.
PDE 2013, Paris, France: Another Exciting Workshop for Cyclic AMP, Protein Kinase A, and Phosphodiesterases (2014)

This special issue of Hormone and Metabolic Research includes the proceedings of the 3rd international workshop (PDE 2013) on cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The meeting took place at Hospital Cochin, in Paris, France ([Fig. 1]), and followed the previous 2 workshops that were held in Bethesda, MD [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]. It also followed our long time commitment in studying endocrine tumors and their link to the cAMP/PKA pathway and PDEs, as demonstrated by our reports and meetings published in this journal [12] [13] [14] [15].
Deprescribing in advanced illness (2016)

Patients with advanced illness such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Parkinson's disease experience acute symptoms and are usually prescribed medications to manage these, alongside drugs to treat other co-morbid, long-term conditions. As such, the pharmacotherapeutic burden for these patients is high and polypharmacy is common. Previous studies have revealed the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing within this group of patients, and identified the need for attention to ‘deprescribing’. Deprescribing can be defined as a process of optimization of medication regimens through cessation of potentially inappropriate or unnecessary medications. Patients usually have reservations about taking medications and may be willing to discontinue one or more medications considered ‘inappropriate’. Similarly, healthcare professionals experience some challenges discussing deprescribing approaches to patients with advanced illness. This article reviews research on prescribing medicines to patients with advanced illness, focusing on the identification of the prevalence of inappropriate or unnecessary medicines to the initiation of the deprescribing process. The review demonstrates the paramount importance of further research exploring the perspective of healthcare professionals and patients on the subject of deprescribing to facilitate its further acceptance in practice.
RAFDA: A Policy-Aware Middleware Supporting the Flexible Separation of Application Logic from Distribution (2010)

Middleware technologies often limit the way in which object classes may be used in distributed applications due to the fixed distribution policies that they impose. These policies permeate applications developed using existing middleware systems and force an unnatural encoding of application level semantics. For example, the application programmer has no direct control over inter-address-space parameter passing semantics. Semantics are fixed by the distribution topology of the application, which is dictated early in the design cycle. This creates applications that are brittle with respect to changes in distribution. This paper explores technology that provides control over the extent to which inter-address-space communication is exposed to programmers, in order to aid the creation, maintenance and evolution of distributed applications. The described system permits arbitrary objects in an application to be dynamically exposed for remote access, allowing applications to be written without concern for distribution. Programmers can conceal or expose the distributed nature of applications as required, permitting object placement and distribution boundaries to be decided late in the design cycle and even dynamically. Inter-address-space parameter passing semantics may also be decided independently of object implementation and at varying times in the design cycle, again possibly as late as run-time. Furthermore, transmission policy may be defined on a per-class, per-method or per-parameter basis, maximizing plasticity. This flexibility is of utility in the development of new distributed applications, and the creation of management and monitoring infrastructures for existing applications.
Noncovalent immobilization of electrocatalysts for fuel production on carbon electrodes (2014)

Assembling systems for the conversion of solar light energy into chem. fuels (i.e., artificial photosynthesis) requires the development of strategies for functionalization of electrode surfaces with catalysts. We have demonstrated that mol. catalysts for fuel-forming reactions can be immobilized on graphitic carbon electrode surfaces via noncovalent interactions. Our general approach relies on a pyrene-appended bipyridine ligand that serves as the linker between the catalysts and the surface. Immobilization of a rhodium proton-redn. catalyst and a rhenium CO_2-redn. catalyst afford electrocatalytically active assemblies. XPS and electrochem. studies confirm catalyst immobilization. Redn. of the rhodium system in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid results in catalytic H_2 prodn., while redn. of the rhenium system in the presence of CO_2 results in catalytic CO prodn.
On scalable attack detection in the network (2004)

Current intrusion detection and prevention systems seek to detect a wide class of network intrusions (e.g., DoS attacks, worms, port scans)at network vantage points. Unfortunately, all the IDS systems we know of keep per-connection or per-flow state. Thus it is hardly surprising that IDS systems (other than signature detection mechanisms) have not scaled to multi-gigabit speeds. By contrast, note that both router lookups and fair queuing have scaled to high speeds using <i>aggregation</i> via prefix lookups or DiffServ. Thus in this paper, we initiate research into the question as to whether one can detect attacks without keeping per-flow state. We will show that such aggregation, while making fast implementations possible, immediately cause two problems. First, aggregation can cause <i>behavioral</i> aliasing where, for example, good behaviors can aggregate to look like bad behaviors. Second, aggregated schemes are susceptible to spoofing by which the intruder sends attacks that have appropriate aggregate behavior. We examine a wide variety of DoS attacks and show that several categories (bandwidth based, claim-and-hold, host scanning) can be scalably detected. By contrast, it appears that stealthy port-scanning cannot be scalably detected without keeping per-flow state.
A proposal for extracting an object's surface from stereo degree‐of‐correspondence space considering occlusions (2001)

Abstract The ambiguity of correspondence assignment is alleviated by utilizing the state of the neighboring correspondence of the focal point (local support) in detecting the points of correspondence in stereo vision. However, in detecting the area base points of correspondence with evaluations of the correspondence using windows, specific local supports are utilized, which can interfere with the correct correspondence assignments. In this paper, a scheme for performing correspondence assignments considering local supports which coincide correctly with the surface of an object is proposed. In this scheme, the surface of the object is directly detected as a surface model, using a new proposed GA detection scheme from the stereo degree‐of‐correspondence space in which the degree of correspondence is expressed as three‐dimensional data. As a result, correspondence assignment is performed with correct local supports by evaluating various surface models obtained by GA search from the stereo degree‐of‐correspondence space. In addition, the areas in which occlusions have occurred are specified by considering uniformity requirements in searching for surface models. Thus, a method for improving the areas containing occlusions utilizing multiple‐camera stereo vision is proposed. In this paper, the construction of the stereo degree‐of‐correspondence space, the GA search scheme, and the specification and improvement of occlusions are presented and the results of simulation experiments with objects of simple shapes are presented. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(8): 38–48, 2001
Artificial substrates for millimeter -wave applications. (2003)

Periodic structures are used to create novel RF, microwave, and millimeter wave components. There are three main aspects of this research---the theoretical exploration of periodic materials, the design of components using the periodic materials, and the fabrication of the materials and components. The novel aspect of this investigation is the application of periodic and bandgap theory to practical structures for high frequency receiver applications. The theoretical aspects build from past explorations using plane wave expansions, but in this investigation the analysis is used to determine which configurations are needed to make practical and realizable structures which exhibit electromagnetic bandgap behaviors. The design aspect utilizes the properties determined in the theoretical sections to create novel high-Q resonators, low-loss filters, and highly efficient antennas. The main feature utilized in the periodic structure is the bandgap phenomenon in which energy will not propagate through the material. The periodic nature of the substrate is utilized to localize energy since it does not allow energy to propagate through it. The designs are unique applications of the classic bandgap calculations of the past decade and take a practical look at the limits of the performance application of the periodic materials. The third aspect, the fabrication, utilizes new ceramic processing techniques, specifically Free Form Fabrication, to physically realize the periodic structures. This is the first realization of the periodic structures in a low loss material, such as the loss available in ceramics, in a single process. The fabrication from ceramics maximizes the benefits provided by the periodic structures.
Role of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor on energy metabolism in rabbits (1988)

A study of the combined effects of intravenous infusion of the recombinant cytokines beta-interleukin 1 (IL-1) and alpha-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on energy substrate metabolism in awake, conditioned, adult rabbits was performed. After a 2-h basal or control period, 48-h fasted rabbits were administered TNF and IL-1 as a bolus (5 micrograms/kg) followed by a continuous intravenous infusion (25 ng.kg-1.min-1) for 3 h. Significant increases in plasma lactate (P less than 0.01), glucose (P less than 0.01), and triglycerides (P less than 0.05) occurred during the combined infusion of IL-1 and TNF, whereas neither cytokine alone had no effect. There was a 33% increase in the rate of glucose appearance (P less than 0.05), but glucose clearance was not altered compared with the control period. Glucose oxidation increased during the combined cytokine infusion period and glucose recycling increased by 600% (P less than 0.002). Lactic acidosis and decreased oxygen consumption, as a result of the cytokine infusions, indicated development of anaerobic glycolytic metabolism. A reduction in the activity state of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (65 vs. 82% in control animals, P less than 0.05) was consistent with the observed increase in anaerobic glycolysis. Thus the combined infusion of IL-1 and TNF in rabbits produces metabolic manifestations seen in severe injury and sepsis in human patients and, as such, may account for the profound alterations of energy metabolism seen in these conditions.
Direct Optical to Microwave Conversion (1990)

A traveling wave (TW) photodetector with a coplanar stripline structure was and fabricated in semiinsulating GaAs. Ohmic Au/Ge/Ni contracts were formed by a thermal annealing process. Testing was accomplished using an optical delay line arrangement to achieve either matching or mismatching of the microwave phases of the optical inputs and the microwave output signal. For the phase-matched case, the optical inputs are coherently combined to produce the TW photodetector output. The observed average microwave output power over the frequency range 0.5-5 GHz was 11 dB greater for four identical inputs than for a single input. This compares with an idea value of 12 dB for the power increase. For the unmatched case, the TW photodetector operates as a transversal filter, with the fundamental frequency determined by the optical/microwave time-delay mismatch. Experimentally, a fundamental frequency of 4.3 GHz was observed for two, three or four optical inputs. The expected sidelobe pattern was seen in each case.
Release of mycobacterial antigens (2015)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved from a Mycobacterium canettii-like progenitor pool into one of the most successful and widespread human pathogens. The pathogenicity of M. tuberculosis is linked to its ability to secrete/export/release selected mycobacterial proteins, and it is also established that active release of mycobacterial antigens is a prerequisite for strong immune recognition. Recent research has enabled mycobacterial secretion systems and vesicle-based release of mycobacterial antigens to be elucidated, which together with host-related specificities constitute key variables that determine the outcome of infection. Here, we discuss recently discovered, novel aspects on the nature and the regulation of antigen release of the tuberculosis agent with particular emphasis on the biological characterization of mycobacteria-specific ESX/type VII secretion systems and their secreted proteins, belonging to the Esx, PE, and PPE categories. The importance of specific mycobacterial antigen release is probably best exemplified by the striking differences observed between the cellular events during infection with the ESX-1-deficient, attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG compared to the virulent M. tuberculosis, which are clearly important for design of more specific diagnostics and more efficient vaccines.
Data from ACRIN 6684: Assessment of Tumor Hypoxia in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Using <sup>18</sup>F-FMISO PET and MRI (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Structural and functional alterations in tumor vasculature are thought to contribute to tumor hypoxia which is a primary driver of malignancy through its negative impact on the efficacy of radiation, immune surveillance, apoptosis, genomic stability, and accelerated angiogenesis. We performed a prospective, multicenter study to test the hypothesis that abnormal tumor vasculature and hypoxia, as measured with MRI and PET, will negatively impact survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Prior to the start of chemoradiation, patients with glioblastoma underwent MRI scans that included dynamic contrast enhanced and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion sequences to quantitate tumor cerebral blood volume/flow (CBV/CBF) and vascular permeability (&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;trans&lt;/sup&gt;) as well as &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-Fluoromisonidazole (&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-FMISO) PET to quantitate tumor hypoxia. ROC analysis and Cox regression models were used to determine the association of imaging variables with progression-free and overall survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Fifty patients were enrolled of which 42 had evaluable imaging data. Higher pretreatment &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-FMISO SUV&lt;sub&gt;peak&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.048), mean &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;trans&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.024), and median &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;trans&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.045) were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Higher pretreatment median &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;trans&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.021), normalized RCBV (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0096), and nCBF (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.038) were significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival. SUV&lt;sub&gt;peak&lt;/sub&gt; [AUC = 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59–0.91], nRCBV (AUC = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56–0.89), and nCBF (AUC = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56–0.89) were predictive of survival at 1 year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Increased tumor perfusion, vascular volume, vascular permeability, and hypoxia are negative prognostic markers in newly diagnosed patients with gioblastoma, and these important physiologic markers can be measured safely and reliably using MRI and &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-FMISO PET. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5079–86. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;