gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internal wave effects on long-range ocean acoustic tomography (1995)

Full-wave numerical simulations of internal wave scattering of low-frequency sound in the deep ocean are performed with an efficient broadband PE model based on a new parabolic approximation that is second-order accurate, and an internal wave model based on a new representation of the GM spectrum that allows efficient generation of internal wave fields that evolve in geophysical time. Results are displayed as plots of acoustic travel time versus geotime for various source–receiver separations (up to 8 Mm), and various center frequencies and bandwidths. Quantitative examination (coherent and incoherent geotime averages) yields information about the temporal coherence and stability of each multipath. It is found that the later near-axial arrivals are unstable and unresolvable, and therefore not useful for tomography, at ranges and frequencies that are consistent with the predictions of Dozier and Tappert [ 533–547 (1978)] who used a coupled mode model. [Work supported by ONR and ARPA.]
The Role of Calcium in the Response of Osteoblasts to Mechanical Stimulation (1999)

A major biomedical concern in the exploration and development of space is the rapid loss of bone associated with extended periods of spaceflight. Mineral content, bone formation, matrix protein production and total body calcium are all reduced during long-term periods of weightlessness. These effects of weightlessness appears to be due to decreases in the anabolic function of osteoblasts and osteocytes rather than changes in the resorptive activity of osteoclasts. Conversely, subjecting the skeleton to exogenous mechanical loading increases matrix protein synthesis and bone formation rate, a process which also appears mediated through osteogenic cells. Osteoblasts have been shown to respond to a number of types of mechanical stimulation. However recently we have demonstrated that osteoblasts respond to fluid shear, but not physiologic levels of mechanical strain, with increases in expression of the matrix protein, osteopontin. We have also shown similar responses in other markers for the anabolic response in bone. The expression of the early response gene, c-fos, and the inducible-isoform of the prostaglandin synthetic enzyme, cyclooygenase-2 (COX-2), both increase rapidly in response to fluid shear, but not strain. How osteoblasts and osteocytes perceive mechanical stimuli and convert this stimulus into a biochemical event within the cell is still unknown. However, examination of the cellular events following mechanical stimulation indicate that two of the earliest responses are a rapid increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](sub i)) and a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The increase in [Ca(2+)](sub i) is dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), suggesting the activation of membrane Ca(2+) channel. We have previously characterized a mechanosensitive, cation-selective channel (MSCC) in osteoblast-like clonal cells, which we postulate is important in this early response to mechanical loading. Using an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide strategy, we have tentatively identified this channel as an isoform of the alc subunit of the dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage sensitive Ca(2+) channel (VSCC). However, a major component in this mechanically induced rise in [Ca(2+)](sub i) is the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. The actin cytoskeleton also rapidly responds to fluid shear with an increase in stress fiber formation and a realignment of the cell parallel to the direction of flow. To ascertain whether these two observations are related and how they effect shear-induced gene expression, we examined the role of Ca(2+) channels and intracellular Ca(2+) release on cytoskeletal reorganization and the resultant increases in the expression and production of c-fos and COX-2 in response to fluid shear.
Multi-resolution real-time stereo on commodity graphics hardware (2003)

In this paper a stereo algorithm suitable for implementation on commodity graphics hardware is presented. This is important since it allows freeing up the main processor for other tasks including high-level interpretation of the stereo results. Our algorithm relies on the traditional sum-of-square-differences (SSD) dissimilarity measure between correlation windows. To achieve good results close to depth discontinuities as well as on low texture areas, a multi-resolution approach is used. The approach efficiently combines SSD measurements for windows of different sizes. Our implementation running on an NVIDIA GeForce4 graphics card achieves 50-70M disparity evaluations per second including all the overhead to download images and read-back the disparity map, which is equivalent to the fastest commercial CPU implementations available. An important advantage of our approach is that rectification is not necessary so that correspondences can just as easily be obtained for images that contain the epipoles. Another advantage is that this approach can easily be extended to multi-baseline stereo.
Development of the shields for tendon injury repair using polyvinyl alcohol — hydrogel ( PVA‐H) (2001)

In recent years, marked advances have been made in repair techniques for tendon injury, but the treatment of finger flexor tendon injury is still one of the most difficult and important problems in the orthopedic field. The main problem in tendon repair is adhesion between the tendon and surrounding tissue. To prevent this adhesion and achieve tendon union, we developed adhesion preventive shields for tendon repair using polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel ( PVA-H) with 90% water content, and carried out an implant experiment using the deep flexor tendon of the third toe of domestic fowl. Injured tendons shielded with PVA-H showed union at about 3 weeks after the operation without adhesion to the surrounding tissue and good function such as gliding and range of motion. Neither breakage of the PVA-H shield itself nor infection, nor degeneration in the surrounding tissue were observed. These results confirmed that the tendon itself has repair ability, and the tendon is regenerated by synovial nutrition through PVA-H. High water content PVA-H may have clinically potential and be applicable to adhesion-preventive shields for tendon repair. However, re-rupture was observed, probably due to accidental tendon injury at an early period after the operation. In some cases, tendon immobilization methods to prevent re-rupture might be necessary. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 58: 344–351, 2001
Semi‐automated pulmonary nodule interval segmentation using the NLST data (2018)

We find there is a fairly high concordance in the size measurements for larger nodules (≥8 mm) than the lower sizes (<8 mm) across algorithms. We find the change in nodule volume (absolute and percent change) were consistent predictors of malignancy across institutions, despite using different segmentation algorithms. Using volume change estimates without corrections shows slightly lower predictability (for two teams).
Revealing Defects in Crystalline Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes by Solid-State NMR: Applications to LiVPO4F (2015)

Identifying and characterizing defects in crystalline solids is a challenging problem, particularly for lithium-ion intercalation materials, which often exhibit multiple stable oxidation and spin states as well as local ordering of lithium and charges. Here, we reveal the existence of characteristic lithium defect environments in the crystalline lithium-ion battery electrode LiVPO4F and establish the relative subnanometer-scale proximities between them. Well-crystallized LiVPO4F samples were synthesized with the expected tavorite-like structure, as established by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements. Solid-state 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra reveal unexpected paramagnetic 7Li environments that can account for up to 20% of the total lithium content. Multidimensional and site-selective solid-state 7Li NMR experiments using finite-pulse radio frequency-driven recoupling (fp-RFDR) establish unambiguously that the unexpected lithium environments are associated with defects within the LiVPO4F crystal structure, revealing the existence of dipole–dipole-coupled defect pairs. The lithium defects exhibit local electronic environments that are distinct from lithium ions in the crystallographic LiVPO4F site, which result from altered oxidation and/or spin states of nearby paramagnetic vanadium atoms. The results provide a general strategy for identifying and characterizing lithium defect environments in crystalline solids, including paramagnetic materials with short 7Li NMR relaxation times on the order of milliseconds.
Lossless aggregation: a scheme for transmitting multiple stored VBR video streams over a shared communications channel without loss of image quality (1997)

This paper introduces a new concept called lossless aggregation for the transmission of video information. It is a scheme for the delivery of variable bit-rate (VBR) video streams from a video server to a group of users over a shared channel. No data are dropped at the source during the adaptation process that reshapes the VBR video traffic to conform to the channel bit-rate characteristics. The transmission schedules of individual video streams evolve in a dynamic way that depends on their relative traffic characteristics. Receiver buffer underflow and overflow are prevented. Therefore, the data delivery process does not cause any loss of image quality. We show that very significant receiver-buffer reduction can be achieved with aggregation compared with the independent transmission of individual video streams over separate channels. Several bandwidth allocation methods for aggregation are studied extensively. The frame equalization algorithm stands out in terms of its simplicity and optimality.
Carboxymethylcellulose Acetate Butyrate Water-Dispersions as Renewable Wood Adhesives (2010)

Two commercial carboxymethylcellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB) polymers, high and low molecular weight (MW) forms, were analyzed in this study. High-solids water-borne dispersions of these polymers were studied as renewable wood adhesives. Neat polymer analyses revealed that the apart from MW, the CMCAB systems had different acid values, and that the high MW system was compromised with gel particle contaminants. Formulation of the polymer into water-dispersions was optimized for this study, and proved the "direct method", in which all formulation components were mixed at once in a sealed vessel, was the most efficient preparation technique. Applying this method, 4 high-solids water dispersions were prepared and evaluated with viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, light and fluorescence microscopy, and mode I fracture testing. Thermal analyses showed that the polymer glass transition temperature significantly increased when bonded to wood. CMCAB dispersions produced fairly brittle adhesive-joints; however, it is believed toughness can likely be improved with further formulation optimization. Lastly, dispersion viscosity, film formation, adhesive penetration and joint-performance were all dependent on the formulation solvents, and moreover, these properties appeared to correlate with each other.
A Framework for 5G Networks with In-Band Full-Duplex Enabled Drone-Mounted Base-Stations (2019)

Drone-mounted base-stations (DBSs) characterized by high mobility and low cost intrinsic attributes can be deployed to enhance the network capacity in order to relieve the mismatch between the large amount of user demands and the limited wireless resources. In this article, we propose a DBS-assisted in-band full-duplex (IBFD) HetNet framework for 5G networks. We then discuss the problem of DBS-assisted heterogeneous networks (DBSH) with IBFD communications, which can be decomposed into three sub-problems: the DBS placement problem, the UE assignment problem, and the bandwidth and power allocation problem (including bandwidth and power allocation for backhaul links and access links). We propose a greedy algorithm, named DBSH-IBFD, to solve three sub-problems as follows: 1) All DBSs are deployed one by one. The horizontal location of a DBS is determined by the area with the maximum aggregated weight (the weight is defined by the number, the location, and SINR of a UE) and then the altitude of a DBS is determined by which the maximum network throughput is achieved. 2) Each UE is associated with the BS that provides the best signal-to-noise-ratio. 3) The power and bandwidth of the MBS are allocated to all DBSs based on the workload, and all BSs allocate power and bandwidth to their associated UEs. DBSH-IBFD is demonstrated to achieve better throughput performance than benchmark algorithms, and IBFD-enabled DBSs are the most spectrum efficient as compared to the MBS and HD-enabled DBSs.
Measurement and Characterization of Nuclear Material at Idaho National Laboratory (2009)

A measurement plan and preliminary Monte Carlo simulations are presented for the investigation of well-defined mixed-oxide fuel pins. Measurement analysis including pulse-height distributions and time-dependent cross-correlation functions will be performed separately for neutrons and gamma rays. The utilization of Monte Carlo particle transport codes, specifically MCNP-PoliMi, is discussed in conjunction with the anticipated measurements. Four EJ-309 liquid scintillation detectors with an accurate pulse timing and digital, offline, optimized pulse-shape discrimination method will be used to prove the dependency of pulse-height distributions, cross-correlation functions, and material multiplicities upon fuel pin composition, fuel pin quantity, and detector geometry. The objective of the measurements and simulations is to identify novel methods for describing mixed-oxide fuel samples by relating measured quantities to fuel characteristics such as criticality, mass quantity, and material composition. This research has applications in nuclear safeguards and nonproliferation.
Decreased interleukin-10 and increased interleukin-12p40 mRNA are associated with disease activity and characterize different disease stages in multiple sclerosis (1999)

It has been shown that proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines correlate with disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). To establish whether such correlations depend on the disease stage, we assessed in a longitudinal fashion the expression of interleukin (IL)-12 (p40 and p35), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and IL-10 mRNA by competitive polymerase chain reaction in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of relapsing-remitting (RR) and secondary progressive (SP) MS patients, in relation to monthly clinical and magnetic resonance imaging monitoring. MS patients had increased levels of IL-12p40 and decreased levels of IL-10 mRNA compared with controls; this difference was most pronounced in SP patients. Both RR and SP patients had increased levels of IL-12p40 mRNA compared with controls during the development of active lesions. Moreover, in RR MS an increase was found before relapse. IL-12p35 mRNA was decreased in both groups, and in relation to disease activity it showed a pattern different from IL-12p40 mRNA. In RR MS, IL-10 mRNA was low 4 weeks before magnetic resonance imaging activity and 6 weeks before relapse; a significant increase to normal levels was noted when active lesions became apparent. In contrast, SP patients showed low IL-10 mRNA levels constitutively, suggesting that IL-10 plays an important role in the control of disease progression.
Reactions of 1-nitro-2-(trialkylsilyl)acetylenes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 1-nitro-2-(trialkylsilyl)acetylenesJeffrey C. Bottaro, Robert J. Schmitt, Clifford D. Bedford, Richard Gilardi, and Clifford GeorgeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 6, 1916–1919Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00293a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00293a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views423Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Type III secretion system cluster 3 is required for maximal virulence ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiin a hamster infection model (2004)

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, is an animal pathogen capable of inducing a highly fatal septicemia. B. pseudomallei possesses three type III secretion system (TTSS) clusters, two of which (TTSS1 and TTSS2) are homologous to the TTSS of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, and one (TTSS3) is homologous to the Salmonella SPI-1 mammalian pathogenicity island. We have demonstrated that TTSS3 is required for the full virulence of B. pseudomallei in a hamster model of infection. We have also examined the virulence of B. pseudomallei mutants deficient in several putative TTSS3 effector molecules, and found no significant attenuation of B. pseudomallei virulence in the hamster model.
Making Nanosized CHA Zeolites with Controlled Al Distribution for Optimizing Methanol‐to‐Olefin Performance (2018)

From theoretical calculations and a rational synthesis methodology, it has been possible to prepare nanocrystalline (60-80 nm) chabazite with an optimized framework Al distribution that has a positive impact on its catalytic properties. This is exemplified for the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) process. The nanosized material with the predicted Al distribution maximizes the formation of the required MTO hydrocarbon pool intermediates, while better precluding excessive diffusion pathways that favor the rapid catalyst deactivation by coke formation.
High-resolution photoacoustic vascular imaging in vivo using a large-aperture acoustic lens (2005)

Reflection-mode photoacoustic microscopy with dark-field laser pulse illumination and high frequency ultrasonic detection is used to non-invasively image blood vessels in the skin in vivo. Dark-field illumination minimizes the interference caused by strong photoacoustic signals from superficial structures. A high numerical-aperture acoustic lens provides high lateral resolution, 45-120 micrometers in this system while a broadband ultrasonic detection system provides high axial resolution, estimated to be ~15-20 micrometers. The optical illumination and ultrasonic detection are in a coaxial confocal configuration for optimal image quality. The system is capable of imaging optical-absorption contrast at up to 3 mm depth in biological tissue.
Future Medicine in the Post-Genome Age (2003)

The release of the draft sequence of the whole human genome in 2001 is still fresh in our minds. In the post-genome era, a key concept for common is proposed with a view to future medicine. The term tai- lored medicine means personal and optimized medical service for each individual, with low risks and high quality. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), personal nucleotide alterations in the human genome, provide important information to clarify the pathogenesis of common diseases and advance the development of tailored medicine. We have examined various interactions between SNPs and hypertension or hypertensive complications to demonstrate genetic predisposition to salt sensitive hypertension in Japanese people. Furthermore, several prelimi- nary results suggest that the effect of environmental factors was significantly dif- ferent according to genotypes of SNPs. Achieving the stage of tailored medicine, physicians may in the future refer to the SNPs data of the patient as an aid to daily medical care.
Faster and Lower Power Cell-Based Designs with Transistor-Level Cell Sizing (2005)

Current cell-based design methodology is limited by the set of standard cells available in the library. Optimization is limited by the coarse granularity of drive strengths and lack of skewed drive strength in libraries. Including these variants would lead to a huge library set, which would very quickly become unmanageable. Moreover, gate-level timing data are more conservative than transistor level timing due to guard banding during cell characterization. Optimizing the cells in their context at the transistor level removes these limitations. Power and Performance Optimization flow presented in this chapter combines a cell creation and transistor-sizing tool. Other PPO flows are possible with different design optimization tools, such as synthesis, and place and route tools. By giving the design optimization the flexibility of adding or optimizing standard cells in the context of the design, the PPO flow delivers higher performance and reduces the power consumption of cell-based designs. By offering more optimization than traditional cell-based designs, PPO is especially well suited for semi-custom designs and hard IP development, where high performance and/or low power are critical, and where transistor level optimization is more frequent than in ASIC design. PPO combines the efficiency of cell-based design and the accuracy and optimization of custom design, thus reducing the performance gap between ASIC and custom design.
Decoherence of photon entanglement by transmission through brain tissue with Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

The generation, manipulation and quantification of non-classical light, such as quantum-entangled photon pairs, differs significantly from methods with classical light. Thus, quantum measures could be harnessed to give new information about the interaction of light with matter. In this study we investigate if quantum entanglement can be used to diagnose disease. In particular, we test whether brain tissue from subjects suffering from Alzheimer's disease can be distinguished from healthy tissue. We find that this is indeed the case. Polarization-entangled photons traveling through brain tissue lose their entanglement via a decohering scattering interaction that gradually renders the light in a maximally mixed state. We found that in thin tissue samples (between 120 and 600 micrometers) photons decohere to a distinguishable lesser degree in samples with Alzheimer's disease than in healthy-control ones. Thus, it seems feasible that quantum measures of entangled photons could be used as a means to identify brain samples with the neurodegenerative disease.
Grating superposition encoded into a phase mask for efficient fabrication of dispersion slope compensators (2005)

A dispersion slope compensator based on a fiber Bragg grating is reported. The multi-channel character is achieved through a grating superposition encoded into a phase mask. Large channel-to-channel dispersion variations are achieved while keeping the channel passband uniform. (2 pages)
An Efficient Synthesis of 1‐Naphthylbis(oxazoline) and Exploration of the Scope in Asymmetric Catalysis. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.