gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xenon Oscillation Control in Large PWRs Using a Characteristic Ellipse Trajectory Drawn by Three Axial Offsets (2008)

We have proposed a very simple xenon oscillation control procedure for axial xenon oscillation control based on a characteristic trajectory. The trajectory is drawn by three offsets of power distributions, namely, AOp, AOi, and AOx, which are defined as the axial offset (AO) of power distribution, AO of power distribution under which the current iodine distribution is obtained as the equilibrium, and that for xenon distribution, respectively. When these offsets are plotted on the X-Y plane for (AOp − AOx, AOi − AOx) the trajectory shows a quite characteristic ellipse (or an elliptic spiral). When the plot is at the origin of the X-Y plane, no xenon oscillation exists. Using the characteristics of the ellipse, the xenon oscillation can be eliminated by guiding the plot to the origin with control rod operation. In this paper, we will present an innovative and very simple procedure to generate the trajectory for the prediction of the oscillation behavior. Using the prediction capability of the xenon oscillation, the optimal control search calculation can be done. Since it is calculated by simple trigonometric functions and an exponential function, the prediction takes less than 1 s with a PC. It is especially effective for radial xenon oscillation control when the control rod motion is not flexible as for axial xenon oscillation control.
Development of high performance immunoassay system using multichannel microchip (2002)

Immunoassay is known as one of the most important analytical methods and widely used in clinical diagnoses and biochemical studies. The conventional immunoassay, however, requires a long assay time. We developed a bead-bed immunoassay system integrated on a microchip which successfully reduces the assay time from 2 days to 30 minutes using simple operations for assay (Sato et al, 2000 and 2001). Here, aiming at high throughput assay, an integrated immunoassay system using a multichannel microchip was developed for simultaneous analyses of multiple samples.
GROWTH HORMONE POLYPEPTIDES STIMULATE PROLIFERATION OF K562 HUMAN ERYTHROLEUKEMIA CELLS (1980)

The growth-promoting effect of growth hormones and related polypeptides was examined in vitro with a clonogenic assay using human erythroleukemic cells (K562). The erythroleukemia cells were grown in a serum-substituted methylcellulose culture system and colonies counted after 4 days' incubation. Human growth hormone (hGH) was a potent stimulant for K562 cell growth (60% augmentation). The cys(Cam)53-hGH(1-134) fragment of hGH and human chorionic somatomammotropin had less than half the activity of the intact hGH molecule. Bovine growth hormone was inactive in enhancing K562 colony formation. K562 cell proliferation was stimulated by hGH at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng/ml. Insulin stimulated K562 cell proliferation most effectively at a concentration of 1 ng/ml. The K562 culture system may conveniently be employed for determining the in vitro bioactivity of hGH.
Protecting GNSS Open Service Navigation Message Authentication Against Distance-Decreasing Attacks (2021)

As the security of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) for civilian usage is increasingly important, navigation message authentication (NMA) significantly improves resilience to spoofing attacks. However, not all attacks can be effectively countered: a strong variant of replay/relay attacks, distance-decreasing (DD) attacks, can shorten pseudorange measurements, without manipulating the cryptographically protected navigation message, thus manipulating the position, velocity, and time solution undetected. First, we discuss how DD attacks can tamper with GNSS signals, demonstrating the attack effectiveness on a recorded Galileo signal. DD attacks might introduce bit errors to the forged signals, but the adversary can keep this error rate very low with proper attack parameter settings. Then, based on our mathematical model of the prompt correlator output of the tracking phase at the victim receiver, we find that the correlator output distribution changes in the presence of DD attacks. This leads us to apply hypothesis testing to detect DD attacks, notably a goodness-of-fit (GoF) test and a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), depending on the victim’s knowledge on the DD attacks. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the detection probability and the receiver operating characteristic curves for two tests, for different adversary configuration and noise settings. Then, we evaluate the effectiveness of the GoF test and the GLRT with a synthesized DD signal. Both tests can detect DD attacks with similar performance in high-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) environments. The GLRT detection probability is approximately 20% higher than that of the GoF test in low-SNR environments.
Redox-Dependent Structural Changes in the Superoxide Reductase from Desulfoarculus baarsii and Treponema pallidum:  A FTIR Study (2002)

The redox-induced structural changes at the active site of the superoxide reductase (SOR) from Desulfoarculus baarsii and Treponema pallidum have been monitored by means of FTIR difference spectroscopy coupled to electrochemistry. With this technique, the structure and interactions formed by individual amino acids at a redox site can be detected. The infrared data on wild-type, Glu47Ala, and Lys48Ile mutants of the SOR from D. baarsii provide experimental support for the conclusion that the two different coordination motifs observed in the three-dimensional structure of the SOR from Pyrococcus furiosus [Yeh, A. P., Hu, Y., Jenney, F. E., Adams, M. W. W., and Rees, D. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 2499-2508] correspond to the two redox forms of the SOR iron center. We extend this result to the center II iron of SOR of the desulfoferrodoxin type. Similar structural changes are also observed upon iron oxidation in the SOR of T. pallidum. In D. baarsii, the IR modes of the Glu47 side chain support that it provides a monodentate ligand to the oxidized iron, while it does not interact with Fe(2+). Structural changes at the level of peptide bond(s) observed upon iron oxidation in wild-type are suppressed in the Glu47Ala mutant. We propose that the presence of the Glu side chain plays an important role for the structural reorganization accompanying iron oxidation. We identified the infrared modes of the Lys48 side chain and found that a change in its environment occurs upon iron oxidation. The lack of other structural changes upon the Lys48Ile mutation shows that the catalytic role of Lys, as evidenced by pulse radiolysis experiments [Lombard, M., Houée-Levin, C., Touati, D., Fontecave, M., and Nivière, V. (2001) Biochemistry 40, 5032-5040], is purely electrostatic, guiding superoxide toward the reduced iron.
Optical and Scintillation Properties of Nd-doped Strontium Yttrate Single Crystals (2021)

Nd:SrY 2 O 4 single crystals were successfully synthesized by the floating zone method, and their photoluminescence (PL) and scintillation properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns of synthesized Nd:SrY 2 O 4 demonstrate no impurity phase. Under X-ray irradiation, the samples show scintillation with sharp emission lines at around 900, 1064, and 1300 nm due to the 4f-4f transitions of Nd 3+ . The PL and scintillation decay time constants were approximately 170-180 and 200-270 s, respectively. The scintillation intensity was proportional to the X-ray dose exposure in the dynamic range from 0.06 to 60 Gy/h.
Chronic rejection of rat aortic allografts. III. Synthesis of major eicosanoids by vascular wall components and effect of inhibition of the thromboxane cascade. (1992)

We have previously demonstrated that rat aortic allografts from the DA (RT1a) to the WF (RT1v) strain develop chronic arteriosclerotic changes in the vascular wall after a short spontaneously reversible acute rejection episode. These changes, which are lacking in syngeneic DA-to-DA control grafts, are virtually identical with those observed in human allografts during chronic rejection. In this study we have investigated whether eicosanoids are involved in the generation of arteriosclerotic changes. Incubation of aortic wall rings in vitro and immunochemical assays demonstrated that the arteriosclerotic allografts synthesize significantly more thromboxane B2 (TxB2) but not 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) or leukotriene B4. The increased synthesis of TxB2 in the allografts persisted for at least 5 months after transplantation. Separate incubation of the two major components of the vascular wall, after microdissection of the intima and (media plus) adventitia, demonstrated that most of the synthesis of TxB2 during chronic rejection was due to the outer layer of aorta, presumably the inflammatory cells of the adventitia. In contrast, most of the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was synthesized by the inner layer of the aorta, presumably the endothelial cells and the smooth muscle cells of the intima. Administration of 1 mg.kg-1 x day-1 of a specific TxA2 receptor inhibitor, GR32191B, to the recipient rat reduced the proliferative response of inflammatory cells in the adventitia by 30%, as detected by in vivo tritiated-thymidine (3H-TdR) labeling and autoradiography, but did not reduce the proliferative response of smooth muscle cells in the media and intima.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Screen-Printed Aluminum-Alloyed $\hbox{P}^{+}$ Emitter on High-Efficiency N-Type Interdigitated Back-Contact Silicon Solar Cells (2010)

We demonstrate the use of industrial-orientated screen-printed aluminum-alloyed emitter for high-efficiency n-type interdigitated back-contact silicon solar cells. Different cell designs with various pitch sizes and emitter fractions have been studied. With an improved front surface field (FSF), short-circuit current densities up to 40 can be obtained. By combining the best cell design and the improved FSF, a high conversion efficiency of 19.1% with Czochralski n-type material has been achieved.
Development of Passive-type Rehabilitation Support System for Upper Limbs PLEMO-Z with Nano-particle MR-fluid Brakes (2019)

Robotic rehabilitation support systems for paralyzed patients have been developed. The rehabilitation support system can provide various training and gradually shift to a difficult task depending on the ability of the trainee. Force displays are classified into active and passive types. A passive-type system using brakes has less risk of harming a user. In this paper, we develop a rehabilitation support system with nano-particle MR-fluid brakes and carry out experiments.
Proximal promoter of the murine syndecan‐1 gene is not sufficient for the developmental pattern of syndecan expression in B lineage cells (2001)

Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a cell membrane proteoglycan that binds extracellular matrix components and various growth factors. The role of syndecan-1 in the control of cell growth and morphology has been illustrated by its altered expression in hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma as well as some solid tumors. It has been reported that the expression of syndecan-1 in cells of the B lineage is developmentally regulated such that pre-B cells and plasma cells express syndecan-1 while mature B cells do not. Thus, we investigated whether the proximal promoter region of the murine syndecan-1 promoter was able to confer the observed on-off-on expression of syndecan-1 in cells of the B lineage as they develop from pre-B cells to plasma cells. Experiments carried out using deletion mutants of the proximal promoter cloned upstream of the CAT reporter gene transfected into murine cell lines, representing the above stages of B-cell development, such as BA/F3 (pro-B cell), 70Z/3 (pre-B cell), 2PK3 (late mature B cell), and MPC-11 (plasma cell), showed detectable levels of CAT expression. The WEHI-231 (mature B cell) cell lines did not show detectable levels of CAT reporter activity. The strong levels of expression were observed with a fragment of the proximal promoter spanning the region from -365 to -95 (from the translation start point). However, Northern analysis of RNA obtained from the five murine B-cell lines, representing various stages of B-cell development, showed that the 70Z/3, MPC-11 but not BA/F3, and 2PK3 cells expressed detectable levels of syndecan-1 mRNA. By FACS analysis, using a rat anti mouse syndecan-1 antibody, syndecan-1 expression on the cell surface was found to correlate with the observed mRNA expression patterns in these cell lines. Our results indicate that the proximal promoter of the murine syndecan-1 promoter is not sufficient for the observed developmental pattern of syndecan expression in B cells.
Evolution of the Kdo2-lipid A biosynthesis in bacteria (2010)

The nine-enzyme pathway, which was established based on the studies mainly in Escherichia coli K12, appears to be the most derived and optimized form. It is found only in E. coli and related Proteobacteria. Simpler and probably less efficient pathways are found in other bacterial groups, with Kdo2-lipid A variants as the likely end products. The Kdo2-lipid A biosynthetic pathway exemplifies extremely plastic evolution of bacterial genomes, especially those of Proteobacteria, and how these mainly pathogenic bacteria have adapted to their environment.
Aging-Related Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Markers of Tissue Damage in the Rat Penis1 (2001)

Erectile dysfunction in the aging male results in part from the loss of compliance of the corpora cavernosal smooth muscle due to the progressive replacement of smooth muscle cells by collagen fibers. We have examined the hypothesis that a spontaneous local induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and the subsequent peroxynitrite formation occurs in the penis during aging and that this process is accompanied by a stimulation of smooth muscle apoptosis and collagen deposition. The penile shaft and crura were excised from young (3-5 mo old) and old (24-30 mo old) rats, with or without perfusion with 4% formalin. Fresh tissue was used for iNOS and proteasome 2C mRNA determinations by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, ubiquitin mRNA by Northern blot, and iNOS protein by Western blot. Penile sections from perfused animals were embedded in paraffin and immunostained with antibodies against iNOS and nitrotyrosine, submitted to the TUNEL assay for apoptosis, or stained for collagen, followed by image analysis quantitation. A 4.1-fold increase in iNOS mRNA was observed in the old versus young tissues, paralleled by a 4.9-fold increase in iNOS protein. The proteolysis marker, ubiquitin, was increased 1.9-fold, whereas a related gene, proteasome 2c, was not significantly affected. iNOS immunostaining was increased 3.6-fold in the penile smooth muscle of the old rats as compared with the young rats. The peroxynitrite indicator nitrotyrosine was increased by 1.6-fold, accompanied by a 3.6-fold increase in apoptotic cells and a 2.0-fold increase in collagen fibers in the old penis. In conclusion, aging in the penis is accompanied by an induction of iNOS and peroxynitrite formation that may lead to the observed increase in apoptosis and proteolysis and may counteract a higher rate of collagen deposition in the old penis.
Deep learning-based dental plaque detection on primary teeth: a comparison with clinical assessments (2020)

Abstract Background: Dental plaque is the cause of many common oral diseases (e.g., caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis). Therefore, the detection and control of dental plaque are of great significance to children’s oral health. The objectives of this study are to design an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on deep learning to detect dental plaque on primary teeth and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the AI model. Methods : A convolutional neural network (CNN) framework was adopted, and a total of 886 photos of primary teeth taken by an intraoral camera (1280*960 pixels; TPC Ligang, Shenzhen, China) were used for training the AI model. To validate the clinical feasibility, 98 photos of primary teeth taken by the intraoral camera were assessed by the AI model. Additionally, teeth photos were taken with a digital camera (3216*2136 pixels, Canon EOS 60D, Japan). One experienced pediatric dentist looked at these photos and drew the region of dental plaque on them. Then, a plaque-disclosing agent was applied, and the areas of dental plaque were identified. The mean intersection-over-union (MIoU) was employed to indicate the detection accuracy. Results : Compared to that of the dentist, the AI model demonstrated a higher MIoU (0.6947 vs 0.7364). However, the 2 modalities yielded no significant difference in diagnosing dental plaque on primary teeth (P &gt; .05). Conclusions : The AI model showed clinically acceptable performance in detecting dental plaque on primary teeth compared with the experienced pediatric dentist. This finding illustrates the potential application in adopting such AI technology in helping children improve their oral health.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of two new sustained‐release products of diltiazem designed for twice‐and once‐daily treatment (1994)

The pharmacokinetics of two new sustained-release (SR) products of diltiazem, Dilapress 120 mg tablets and Dilapress 240 mg tablets, was analysed and characterized in three different studies, in comparison to the following diltiazem SR formulations: Cardizem Retard, Cardizem SR, and Cardizem CD. Dilapress 120, designated for twice-daily dosing, was found to be bioequivalent to Cardizem SR and to Cardizem Retard with mean (+/- SD) relative bioavailability values of 99 +/- 27% and 113 +/- 38%, respectively. Dilapress 240, designed for once-a-day treatment, was found to have a slower absorption rate than Cardizem SR and its extent of absorption was 56 +/- 19% relative to that of Cardizem SR. However, the bioavailability of Dilapress 240 relative to that of Cardizem CD was 118 +/- 46%, indicating that the bioavailability of Cardizem CD relative to that of Cardizem SR was only 54 +/- 29%. Diltiazem is partially available due to a saturable liver first-pass effect. A high dose of Cardizem SR may partially escape this first-pass effect and, thus, achieve a higher extent of absorption than a slower SR product. Consequently, SR products of diltiazem designed for once-daily treatment may not reach the saturation stage in the liver first-pass effect process that diltiazem is susceptible to. Consequently, a twice-daily SR product of diltiazem cannot serve as a reference for extent of absorption assessments of a once-daily SR product.
Effect of Material Properties on a Subdermal UHF RFID Antenna (2017)

This paper explores a subdermal RFID antenna at 918 MHz. The antenna, made from ink encapsulated in thin sheets of biocompatible PET, is designed to be implanted in the fat layer just below the skin, with the muscle acting as a lossy ground plane. The antenna is a patch that uses a T-slot for matching. Three materials are tested: 1) aluminum tape; 2) ELCOAT ink; and 3) inkjet printing. The effect of antenna conductivity and the properties of the fat/skin and muscle layers are explored. The ELCOAT ink performs very similar to the aluminum, but the inkjet printing creates a very thin layer that is subject to skin depth effects. This RFID antenna provides a good proxy for next generation work on subdermal antennas. It demonstrates that the fat layer can sufficiently insulate the antenna to enable subdermal applications, and that the muscle acts like a sufficient ground plane, but without the challenges of a PEC ground plane very near the antenna. The antenna could also be used on the skin surface if the impedance is properly tuned.
Stem Cell Factor/c-kit Signaling Promotes the Survival, Migration, and Capillary Tube Formation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (2004)

c-kit receptor tyrosine kinase is a marker of progenitor cells, which differentiate into blood and/or vascular endothelial cells, and has an important role in the amplification/mobilization of progenitor cells. c-kit is expressed in mature endothelial cells, but its role there is unclear. Stem cell factor, a c-kit ligand, dose-dependently promoted survival, migration, and capillary tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These effects mimicked those of vascular endothelial growth factor, except that stem cell factor did not sufficiently support proliferation of these cells. After exposing cells to this factor, Akt, Erk1/2, and c-kit were immediately (</=5 min) and dose-dependently tyrosinephosphorylated. STI-571, a c-kit inhibitor, dose-dependently attenuated these phosphorylations and inhibited stem cell factor-promoted survival and capillary tube formation over the same dose range. Wortmannin and LY294002, inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and PD98059, an inhibitor of MEK, abrogated survival and capillary tube formation, indicating that Akt and Erk1/2 should promote survival and capillary tube formation of these endothelial cells at a locus downstream to stem cell factor/c-kit signaling. Akt was more strongly phosphorylated, whereas Erk1/2 and p38 were more weakly phosphorylated with stem cell factor than with vascular endothelial growth factor. Phospholipase Cgamma was phosphorylated only with the latter, indicating that stem cell factor/c-kit signaling is somewhat different.
A High-Performance Polarization Splitter-Rotator Designed by Wavefront Matching Method (2015)

A high-performance polarization splitter-rotator based on a mode-conversion taper and a mode-sorting asymmetric Y-branch waveguides is designed by wavefront matching method. A high transmission in a wide wavelength range is demonstrated.
The Role of Interactive Visualization in Fostering Trust in AI (2021)

The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies across application domains has prompted our society to pay closer attention to AI's trustworthiness, fairness, interpretability, and accountability. In order to foster trust in AI, it is important to consider the potential of interactive visualization, and how such visualizations help build trust in AI systems. This manifesto discusses the relevance of interactive visualizations and makes the following four claims: i) trust is not a technical problem, ii) trust is dynamic, iii) visualization cannot address all aspects of trust, and iv) visualization is crucial for human agency in AI.