gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monodispersed Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Very Large Pores for Enhanced Adsorption and Release of DNA (2009)

Silica nanoparticles with controlled diameter (approximately 70-300 nm) and with uniform pores of 20 nm are prepared by a low temperature (10 degrees C) synthetic method in the presence of a dual surfactant system. While a triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127) acts as supramolecular template and coassembles with hydrolyzed silica species to develop a partially ordered mesophase with face-centered cubic symmetry, a fluorocarbon surfactant with high surface activity (FC-4) surrounds the silica particles through S+X-I+ interactions, thereby limiting their growth. The final textural properties of this material are achieved by means of a subsequent hydrothermal treatment to yield high pore volume mesoporous silica nanoparticles with the largest pore entrance size (17 nm) and cavity diameter (20 nm) reported up to now. After surface modification with aminopropyl groups, the nanoparticles are able to encapsulate inside the pores molecules of the firefly luciferase plasmid DNA (pGL3-Control, 5256 pb), leading to stable conjugates with up to 0.07 microg DNA m(-2), which is the highest content achieved with silica-based materials. Furthermore, plasmid DNA becomes protected from enzymatic degradation when conjugated with the mesostructured nanoparticles.
Aqueous ring-opening metathesis polymerization of carboximide-functionalized 7-oxanorbornenes (1992)

The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of exo-N-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide (1) was accomplished in aqueous solution under mild conditions using the simple ruthenium(II) coordination complex Ru^(II)(H_2O)_6(tos)_2 (tos = p-toluenesulfonate) (2). The polymerization yield was nearly quantitative. The resultant high molecular weight polymer (poly-1) exhibited a glass transition temperature (T_g) of 225 °C and was thermally stable up to 402 °C. The thermal and radiative stabilities of poly-1 were further investigated. Poly-1 was hydrogenated to yield its saturated analogue, which had a lower T_g (170 °C) but a higher temperature of decomposition (430 °C). Complex 2 was deactivated by coordination of free maleimides formed during the polymerization of carboximide-functionalized monomers capable of undergoing retro Diels-Alder chemistry. The scope of this polymerization was therefore limited to carboximide-functionalized monomers that are stable toward retro Diels-Alder reactions at the polymerization temperature. Both ruthenium (II)-1 and ruthenium(II)-N-methylmaleimide olefin complexes were identified.
Visualization and Quantification of Severe Internal Deformation on Compressive Torsion Process (2010)

Compressive torsion process (CTP) which was developed by authors is effective process for grain and precipitates refinement of metallic materials with a severe plastic deformation. In the CTP, a cylindrical specimen is subjected to simultaneous compressive and torsional loading without change in its shape. However, metal flow and strain distribution in the processed specimen are not cleared, because the deformation is very large and complicated. In the present work, visualization of internal deformation of specimen processed by CTP was investigated using dual alloy etching technique. Two kinds of aluminum alloy were prepared by cutting on fan-like shape and alternately placed to a cylindrical shape. After CTPing, contrasts in the specimen were observed by polishing and etching. The internal distribution of shear strain was quantified by measuring the displacement of interface between the alloys. As a result, the visualization and quantification of internal deformation was successfully carried out using the technique. The internal strain distribution was varied not only in radial direction but also in longitudinal direction because of frictional constraint on the lateral face. A laminate contrast of the alloys observed on the vertical cross section was well related with the strain distribution in the specimen.
Near-field optical imaging of light localization in GaN nanocolumn system (2014)

The first near-field optical imaging of light localization in a GaN nanocolumn system was performed. The sample used was a randomly arranged GaN nanocolumn with high aspect ratio. We attached an InGaN single quantum well at the apex of each GaN nanocolumn as an illuminant antenna and observed luminescence from the illuminant using an aperture-type scanning near-field optical microscope. By this technique, we directly obtained optical images of luminescence and its spatial distribution for the GaN nanocolumn system. These images, along with histogram analysis, excitation wavelength dependence, and numerical calculations, offer evidence of Anderson localization of light.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF RING AND SIDE CHAIN SUBSTITUENTS ON THE BINDING OF NAPHTHOTHIOPHENEETHANOLAMINES TO DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES (1974)

Abstract In der vorstehenden Arbeit (S. 1361) hergestellte basische Naphthothiophene (I) werden hinsichtlich Abhängigkeiten zwischen der Bindung an Desoxyribonucleinsäuren und Einflüsse der Struktur diskutiert.
Phenolic cross-links: building and de-constructing the plant cell wall (2020)

Covering: Up to 2019Phenolic cross-links and phenolic inter-unit linkages result from the oxidative coupling of two hydroxycinnamates or two molecules of tyrosine. Free dimers of hydroxycinnamates, lignans, play important roles in plant defence. Cross-linking of bound phenolics in the plant cell wall affects cell expansion, wall strength, digestibility, degradability, and pathogen resistance. Cross-links mediated by phenolic substituents are particularly important as they confer strength to the wall via the formation of new covalent bonds, and by excluding water from it. Four biopolymer classes are known to be involved in the formation of phenolic cross-links: lignins, extensins, glucuronoarabinoxylans, and side-chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I. Lignins and extensins are ubiquitous in streptophytes whereas aromatic substituents on xylan and pectic side-chains are commonly assumed to be particular features of Poales sensu lato and core Caryophyllales, respectively. Cross-linking of phenolic moieties proceeds via radical formation, is catalyzed by peroxidases and laccases, and involves monolignols, tyrosine in extensins, and ferulate esters on xylan and pectin. Ferulate substituents, on xylan in particular, are thought to be nucleation points for lignin polymerization and are, therefore, of paramount importance to wall architecture in grasses and for the development of technology for wall disassembly, e.g. for the use of grass biomass for production of 2<sup>nd</sup> generation biofuels. This review summarizes current knowledge on the intra- and extracellular acylation of polysaccharides, and inter- and intra-molecular cross-linking of different constituents. Enzyme mediated lignan in vitro synthesis for pharmaceutical uses are covered as are industrial exploitation of mutant and transgenic approaches to control cell wall cross-linking.
Guidelines for Designing Micropillar Structures for Enhanced Evaporative Heat Transfer (2021)

Abstract Over the last several decades, cooling technologies have been developed to address the growing thermal challenges associated with high-powered electronics. However, within the next several years, the heat generated by these devices is predicted to exceed 1 kW/cm2, and traditional methods, such as air cooling, are limited in their capacities to dissipate such high heat fluxes. In contrast, two-phase cooling methods, such as microdroplet evaporation, are very promising due to the large latent heat of vaporization associated with the phase change process. Previous studies have shown that nonaxisymmetric droplets have different evaporation characteristics than spherical droplets. The solid–liquid and liquid–vapor interfacial areas, volume, contact angle, and thickness of a droplet confined atop a micropillar are the primary parameters that influence evaporative heat transport. These parameters have a strong influence on both the conduction and diffusion resistance during the evaporation process. For example, a droplet with a higher liquid–vapor interfacial area will favorably increase heat transfer. Increased droplet thickness, on the other hand, has a detrimental influence on the evaporation rate. The dimensions of these droplets will vary in response to changes in each of the aforementioned parameters. Lowering the droplet thickness can be achieved by decreasing the liquid volume while maintaining a constant solid–liquid area. However, if the solid–liquid area and volume vary simultaneously, the average droplet thickness may increase, decrease, or remain constant. Furthermore, changes in the shape of the droplet modify the local equilibrium contact angle of the droplet for different azimuthal angles. As a result, the optimal combination of these parameters must be identified to maximize the heat transfer performance of an evaporating microdroplet. These droplet parameters can be manipulated by selecting different micropillar cross sections. In this work, we develop a shape optimization tool using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to maximize evaporation from a droplet confined atop a micropillar. The tool is used to optimize the shape of a nonaxisymmetric droplet. Compared to droplets atop circular and regular equilateral triangular micropillar structures, we find that droplets confined on pseudo-triangular micropillar structures have 23.7% and 5.7% higher heat transfer coefficients, respectively. The results of this work will advance the design of microstructures that support droplets with maximum heat transfer performance.
The effects of virtualization on main memory systems (2010)

Virtualization is mainly employed for increasing the utilization of a lightly-loaded system by consolidation, but also to ease the administration based on the possibility to rapidly provision or migrate virtual machines. These facilities are crucial for efficiently managing large data centers. At the same time, modern hardware --- such as Intel's Nehalem microarchitecure --- change critical assumptions about performance bottlenecks and software systems explicitly exploiting the underlying hardware --- such as main memory databases --- gain increasing momentum.
AlGaInN laser diode technology for systems applications (2016)

Gallium Nitride (GaN) laser diodes fabricated from the AlGaInN material system is an emerging technology that allows laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide wavelength range from u.v. to the visible, and is a key enabler for the development of new system applications such as (underwater and terrestrial) telecommunications, quantum technologies, display sources and medical instrumentation.
Supplementary figures S1-S6 from Resistance to Anti-VEGF Therapy Mediated by Autocrine IL6/STAT3 Signaling and Overcome by IL6 Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figures S1-S6&lt;/p&gt;
Fast covariance estimation for sparse functional data (2017)

Smoothing of noisy sample covariances is an important component in functional data analysis. We propose a novel covariance smoothing method based on penalized splines and associated software. The proposed method is a bivariate spline smoother that is designed for covariance smoothing and can be used for sparse functional or longitudinal data. We propose a fast algorithm for covariance smoothing using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. Our simulations show that the proposed method compares favorably against several commonly used methods. The method is applied to a study of child growth led by one of coauthors and to a public dataset of longitudinal CD4 counts.
Welcome to the DARK Side: DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTWelcome to the DARK Side: DARK Classics in Chemical NeuroscienceCraig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2018, 9, 10, 2286Publication Date (Web):October 17, 2018Publication History Published online17 October 2018Published inissue 17 October 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00528https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00528editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views5878Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (220 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical neuroscience,Pharmaceuticals,Pharmacology Get e-Alerts
Selective epitaxial growth of nanomesh InGaN MQWs on nanopore arrays of GaN substrate (2011)

Abstract Nanomesh InGaN/GaN multi‐quantum‐well (MQWs) were grown on nanopore arrays of GaN by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOCVD). The hexagonal nanopore arrays in GaN with average diameter ∼200 nm and wall thickness ∼100 nm was fabricated by inductively couple plasma (ICP) etching using anodic alumina (AAO) template as a mask. Nanoepitaxial GaN is found to deposit on the top surface of nanoporous GaN to form a nanomesh structure, with inverted pyramid at the initial stage and followed by the nano‐pyramid structure. The existence of the inverted pyramid demonstrates the 3D strain relaxation in the GaN layer, which is confirmed by the peak shift in photoluminescence, and diffraction patterns. Better light emission is demonstrated on nanomesh InGaN MQWs, attributed to the improvement of the internal quantum efficiency by the reduction of threading dislocations and the improvement of light extraction efficiency by random scattering at the nanopores in GaN. In addition, more indium incorporation has been demonstrated compared to the control InGaN MQWs, benefiting from the strain relaxation in nanoepitaxial GaN. The nanomesh InGaN/GaN MQWs are beneficial for high efficiency LEDs and future design of emission spectrum of nitride semiconductors for solar cells applications. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From wall graft to roof graft: reassessment of femoral posterior cruciate ligament positioning. (2011)

In many technique guides for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, the PCL is depicted on the wall of the medial femoral condyle (MFC). We hypothesized that most of the anterolateral (AL) bundle originates on the roof of the intercondylar notch (ICN), not on the wall. Using a surgical navigation system, we delineated and morphed in the computer the entire PCL footprint-the AL bundle, the posteromedial (PM) bundle, and the Humphrey ligament (HL)-of 7 fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens. A clock face was defined in the en face view, with the 12-o'clock axis pointing anteriorly through the top of the notch and the roof being the region between 10 o'clock and 2 o'clock. The AL-bundle, PM-bundle, and HL positions were calculated in terms of this clock-face definition. Mean centroids (o'clock position) over all specimens of AL bundle, PM bundle, and HL were, respectively, 10:49, 9:43, and 9:00 on the left knee and 1:11, 2:17, and 3:00 on the right knee. Mean areas were 63 mm(2) (AL bundle), 63 mm(2) (PM bundle), and 45 mm(2) (HL). In 5 of the 7 specimens tested, 100% of the AL bundle originated on the roof of the ICN. Conversely, 66% of the PM bundle and 100% of the HL inserted on the wall of the MFC rather than on the intercondylar roof. Using computer navigation software, we determined that most of the AL bundle originates on the roof of the ICN and that the PM bundle is centered near the transition between the roof and the wall of the MFC. These findings contradict the depiction in most technique guides for PCL reconstruction. Implant companies and surgeons should modify their techniques to shift PCL graft tunnels from the wall of the MFC to the roof of the ICN.
Development of Ni- and Co-based Alloy Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Biomass Tar (2013)

Improvement of catalysts for the steam reforming of tar derived from the pyrolysis of biomass is needed in terms of activity, stability, and resistance to coke deposition. Ni and Co are known to be active components for the steam reforming reaction, and one effective method to improve the catalytic performance is the alloying of the active metal with another suitable metal. The development of Ni–Fe, Ni–Co, and Co–Fe alloy catalysts is described. The relationship between the promoting effect of alloy formation and the characterization of alloy particles is introduced. The catalytic performance of alloy particles is greatly influenced by the properties such as components, compositions, crystal structures, uniformity, and so on. In particular, utilization of hydrotalcite-like compounds as the catalyst precursors can produce alloy particles with uniform composition as well as higher catalytic activity than those prepared by the conventional impregnation method, demonstrating an effective method for preparing excellent alloy catalysts.
Synthesis of a Three-Dimensional Cubic Mesoporous Silica Monolith Employing an Organic Additive through an Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly Process (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionSynthesis of a Three-Dimensional Cubic Mesoporous Silica Monolith Employing an Organic Additive through an Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly ProcessSajo P. Naik, Wei Fan, Toshiyuki Yokoi, and Tatsuya OkuboCite this: Langmuir 2006, 22, 20, 8614Publication Date (Web):September 1, 2006Publication History Published online1 September 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/la062415pCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (9 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Additives,Catalyst supports,Organic synthesis,Self organization,Silica Get e-Alerts
Evolving Fuzzy Modeling Using Participatory Learning (2010)

This chapter introduces an approach to developing evolving fuzzy rule-based models using participatory learning. Participatory learning assumes that learning and beliefs about a system depend on what the learning mechanism knows about the system itself. The basic learning mechanisms rely on online clustering and parameter estimation using least squares algorithms. Evolving fuzzy participatory learning (ePL) modeling adopts the same scheme as evolving Takagi-Sugeno (eTS) modeling. After the initialization phase, data processing is performed at each step to verify whether a new cluster must be created, an old cluster should be modified to account for the new data, or redundant clusters must be eliminated. Computational experiments with a classic benchmark problem and a real-world application concerning hourly electrical load forecasting show that ePL is a promising approach in the adaptive fuzzy systems modeling area. Controlled Vocabulary Terms fuzzy systems; learning systems; load forecasting; workstation clusters
Preparation of Nanoparticle Probes for Multimodal Bio-imaging (2008)

The nanoparticles of solid solutions between Y3Al5O12 （YAG） and Gd3Al5O12 （GAG） are synthesized from yttrium acetate tetrahydrate, gadolinium acetate tetrahydrate and aluminum isopropoxide at different Y/Gd atomic ratios in 1,4-butanediol by autoclave treatment at 300℃ for 2 h, i.e., by the glycothermal reaction. On the other hand, Yb3+ doped Y3Al5O12 （YAG:Yb3+） nanoparticles are prepared from yttrium acetate tetrahydrate, ytterbium acetate tetrahydrate and aluminum isopropoxide in 1,4-butanediol by autoclave treatment at 300℃ for 2 h. Moreover, Gd-YAG and Gd-YAG:Yb3+ nanoparticles are prepared from the mixture of gadolinium acetate tetrahydrate and either YAG or YAG:Yb3+ colloidal solution by the same autoclave treatment as YAG:Yb3+. Properties of structure, near infrared photoluminescence and magnetic resonance contrast enhancement are characterized for as-prepared nanoparticles. The solid solutions between YAG and GAG work as T2 contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging, while Gd-YAG works as T1 and T2 contrast agents. Gd-YAG:Yb3+ nanoparticles work as T1 and T2 contrast agents like Gd-YAG nanoparticles, and show near infrared emission at 1030 nm due to the f-f transition of Yb3+ under the 940 nm excitation using near infrared laser diode.
Inhibition of Nuclear Translocation of Nuclear Factor-κB Despite Lack of Functional IκBα Protein Overcomes Multiple Defects in Apoptosis Signaling in Human B-Cell Malignancies (2005)

These results show that molecular defects in apoptotic signaling, such as IkappaBalpha mutations, can be circumvented by targeting NF-kappaB through inhibition of the IkappaB kinase complex followed by induction of apoptosis in classic Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Thus, targeting IkappaB kinases may represent an attractive therapeutic approach against these malignancies regardless of the mutational status of IkappaBalpha.
Analysis and modeling of optical crosstalk in InP-based Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode FPAs (2015)

Optical crosstalk is a major factor limiting the performance of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GmAPD) focal plane arrays (FPAs). This is especially true for arrays with increased pixel density and broader spectral operation. We have performed extensive experimental and theoretical investigations on the crosstalk effects in InP-based GmAPD FPAs for both 1.06-μm and 1.55-μm applications. Mechanisms responsible for intrinsic dark counts are Poisson processes, and their inter-arrival time distribution is an exponential function. In FPAs, intrinsic dark counts and cross talk events coexist, and the inter-arrival time distribution deviates from purely exponential behavior. From both experimental data and computer simulations, we show the dependence of this deviation on the crosstalk probability. The spatial characteristics of crosstalk are also demonstrated. From the temporal and spatial distribution of crosstalk, an efficient algorithm to identify and quantify crosstalk is introduced.