gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle Interactions With Renal Epithelial Cells in vivo (2015)

Nanotechnology approaches are actively being pursued for drug delivery, novel diagnostics, implantable devices, and consumer products. While considerable research has been performed on the effects of these materials on targeted tumor or phagocytic cells, little is known about their effects on renal cells. This becomes critical for supersmall (&lt; 10 nm) nanoparticles (NP), designed to be renally excreted. To test NPs effect on kidney function, we injected mice with either 5 nm dextran NPs (DNP) that are similar in composition to FDA approved materials or poly(amido amine) dendrimer NPs (PNP) of comparable size. These fluorophore tagged NPs were filtered and internalized by renal cells in a dose and time dependent way. The biological effects were quantitated by immunofluorescence, measuring kidney injury markers and performing functional tests. DNP administration resulted in dose dependent increases in urinary output, while cellular albumin endocytosis was increased. The expression of megalin was also increased but AQP1 expression was unaffected. The effects after PNP administration were similar but additionally resulted in increased clathrin expression, increased endocytosis and decreased AQP1 expression. We conclude that there are no major detrimental effects of DNP on overall kidney function but changes in protein expression do occur. These studies provide a framework for the testing of additional NP preparations as they become available.
Internalizing Antibody-Based Targeted Gene Delivery for Human Cancer Cells (2007)

Gene therapy, a potential solution to hereditary and nonhereditary diseases, faces the challenges of safe and specific gene delivery. Cationic carrier molecules (e.g., liposome and polymers) that form noncovalent complexes with negatively charged DNA have been in use as nonviral gene delivery vectors. Although they tend to be relatively less efficient than viral systems, they have inherent advantages of flexibility and safety. Their derivatives, in conjugation with functional molecules such as peptides, proteins, growth factors, and antibodies, have been focused on to generate nanocarriers with low toxicity, high stability, high efficiency, and cell-specific targeting features. Here we describe internalizing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against a stress chaperone, mortalin/mtHsp70. We demonstrate that these internalizing anti-mortalin antibodies (i-mot Ab) could be employed for (1) internalization of nanoparticles (quantum dots, Qdots) and the generation of illuminating cells and (2) gene delivery. By using cancer and normal human cells in parallel, we further demonstrate that gene delivery can be specifically enhanced in human cancer cells if cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) and i-mot Ab complex are used and may provide a novel cancer-targeting nanocarrier.
Load estimation from photoelastic fringe patterns under combined normal and shear forces (2009)

Recently there has been some spurt of interests to use photoelastic materials for sensing applications. This has been successfully applied for designing a number of signal-based sensors, however, there have been limited efforts to design image-based sensors on photoelasticity which can have wider applications in term of actual loading and visualisation. The main difficulty in achieving this is the infinite loading conditions that may generate same image on the material surface. This, however, can be useful for known loading situations as this can provide dynamic and actual conditions of loading in real time. This is particularly useful for separating components of forces in and out of the loading plane. One such application is the separation of normal and shear forces acting on the plantar surface of foot of diabetic patients for predicting ulceration. In our earlier work we have used neural networks to extract normal force information from the fringe patterns using image intensity. This paper considers geometric and various other statistical parameters in addition to the image intensity to extract normal as well as shear force information from the fringe pattern in a controlled experimental environment. The results of neural network output with the above parameters and their combinations are compared and discussed. The aim is to generalise the technique for a range of loading conditions that can be exploited for whole-field load visualisation and sensing applications in biomedical field.
Towards automatic feature vector optimization for multimedia applications (2008)

We systematically evaluate a recently proposed method for unsupervised discrimination power analysis for feature selection and optimization in multimedia applications. A series of experiments using real and synthetic benchmark data is conducted, the results of which indicate the suitability of the method for unsupervised feature selection and optimization. We present an approach for generating synthetic feature spaces of varying discrimination power, modeling main characteristics from real world feature vector extractors. A simple, yet powerful visualization is used to communicate the results of the automatic analysis to the user.
Structure-Guided Design of AMP Mimics That Inhibit Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase with High Affinity and Specificity (2007)

AMP binding sites are commonly used by nature for allosteric regulation of enzymes controlling the production and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Since many of these enzymes represent potential drug targets for metabolic diseases, efforts were initiated to discover AMP mimics that bind to AMP-binding sites with high affinity and high enzyme specificity. Herein we report the structure-guided design of potent fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) inhibitors that interact with the AMP binding site on FBPase despite their structural dissimilarity to AMP. Molecular modeling, free-energy perturbation calculations, X-ray crystallography, and enzyme kinetic data guided our redesign of AMP, which began by replacing the 5'-phosphate with a phosphonic acid attached to C8 of the adenine base via a 3-atom spacer. Additional binding affinity was gained by replacing the ribose with an alkyl group that formed van der Waals interactions with a hydrophobic region within the AMP binding site and by replacing the purine nitrogens N1 and N3 with carbons to minimize desolvation energy expenditures. The resulting benzimidazole phosphonic acid, 16, inhibited human FBPase (IC50 = 90 nM) 11-fold more potently than AMP and exhibited high specificity for the AMP binding site on FBPase. 16 also inhibited FBPase in primary rat hepatocytes and correspondingly resulted in concentration-dependent inhibition of the gluconeogenesis pathway. Accordingly, these results suggest that the AMP site of FBPase may represent a potential drug target for reducing the excessive glucose produced by the gluconeogenesis pathway in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Supp Fig 1 from Pexmetinib: A Novel Dual Inhibitor of Tie2 and p38 MAPK with Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Heatmap and GSEA analysis of Angpt1 high and low expressing MDS samples&lt;/p&gt;
Association between timing of antibiotic administration and mortality from septic shock in patients treated with a quantitative resuscitation protocol* (2011)

In this large, prospective study of emergency department patients with septic shock, we found no increase in mortality with each hour delay to administration of antibiotics after triage. However, delay in antibiotics until after shock recognition was associated with increased mortality.
Supplementary Table 1, Figures 1-2 from CEP-28122, a Highly Potent and Selective Orally Active Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase with Antitumor Activity in Experimental Models of Human Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 300K&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF Γ‐ESTERS OF GLUTAMIC ACID AND β‐ESTERS OF ASPARTIC ACID (1983)

Abstract Asparagin‐ und Glutaminsäure (I) werden mit Kupferacetat in die Kupfer‐Komplex‐Kupfersalze (II) und danach in die Kupfer‐Komplex‐Guanidinsalze (III) übergeführt.
High-energy Collision-induced Fragmentation of Complex Oligosaccharides Ionized by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1997)

The high-energy CID spectra of the MNa+ ions from 17 underivatized oligosaccharides of the type found attached to asparagine in glycoproteins were examined with a double-focusing mass spectrometer fitted with a tandem orthogonal time-of-flight analyser. Fragment ions were observed throughout the mass range from all compounds and provided considerable structural information in the low-picomole range. The three types of fragmentation that were observed were glycosidic cleavages, cross-ring cleavages and the formation of internal cleavage ions. The major glycosidic fragmentations were B- and Y-type cleavages (Domon and Costello nomenclature). B-cleavages were particularly abundant at GlcNAc residues. Z-ions were absent when glycosidic linkages occurred at the 6-position. Cross-ring cleavages were predominantly of the 1,5X-type, which provided much sequence and branching information. 3,5A cleavages of the core branching mannose residue were often prominent and provided information on the composition of each of the main antennae. Antenna composition was also reflected by a major internal fragment ion formed by elimination of the two GlcNAc residues of the chitobiose core together with the entire antenna at the 3-position of the core branching mannose residue. A further loss of GlcNAc as 221 mass units from this ion in the spectra of the hybrid and complex carbohydrates was indicative of the presence of a "bisecting' (4-linked) GlcNAc substituent. Another prominent internal fragment ion containing a mannose residue and only one GlcNAc, with its substituents, was present in the spectra of the complex sugars when branching of the 3-antenna occurred.
Enantioselective Addition of Alcohols to Ketenes Catalyzed by a Planar-Chiral Azaferrocene:  Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Arylpropionic Acids (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnantioselective Addition of Alcohols to Ketenes Catalyzed by a Planar-Chiral Azaferrocene: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Arylpropionic AcidsBrian L. Hodous, J. Craig Ruble, and Gregory C. FuView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 11, 2637–2638Publication Date (Web):March 5, 1999Publication History Received23 November 1998Published online5 March 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja984021thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja984021trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2443Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Organic compounds,Reaction products,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Microarray analysis of sexually dimorphic gene expression in human minor salivary glands (2011)

Analysis of these changes provides insight into the protective and predisposing molecular factors that may be involved in the development of Sjögren's syndrome. Some of the gene changes observed in this study correlate with previously observed sexual dimorphisms in salivary gland function and also illustrate several new targets for further investigation.
Chemiluminescence from osmium(ii) complexes with phenanthroline, diphosphine and diarsine ligands (2012)

The reaction of various [Os(L)(2)(L')](2+) complexes (where L and L' are phenanthroline, diphosphine or diarsine ligands) and organic reducing agents after chemical or electrochemical oxidation of the reactants produces an emission of light corresponding to MLCT transitions. In certain instances, the emission was greater than that of [Ru(bipy)(3)](2+), but the relative signals were dependent on many factors, including reagent concentration, mode of oxidation, reducing agent and the sensitivity of the photodetector over the wavelength range.
Tin Dioxide Electrolyte-Gated Transistors Working in Depletion and Enhancement Modes (2017)

Metal oxide semiconductors are interesting for next-generation flexible and transparent electronics because of their performance and reliability. Tin dioxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>) is a very promising material that has already found applications in sensing, photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and batteries. In this work, we report on electrolyte-gated, solution-processed polycrystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> transistors on both rigid and flexible substrates. For the transistor channel, we used both unpatterned and patterned SnO<sub>2</sub> films. Since decreasing the SnO<sub>2</sub> area in contact with the electrolyte increases the charge-carrier density, patterned transistors operate in the depletion mode, whereas unpatterned ones operate in the enhancement mode. We also fabricated flexible SnO<sub>2</sub> transistors that operate in the enhancement mode that can withstand moderate mechanical bending.
Modulation of behavioral sensitization to cocaine by NAALADase inhibition (2000)

Sensitization to cocaine has been attributed to alterations in excitatory amino acid and dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic system. The present study sought to determine whether inhibition of NAALADase, an enzyme that cleaves glutamate from the endogenous neuropeptide, N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG), attenuates sensitization to the psychomotor stimulant effects of cocaine. Rats received daily injections of cocaine (20.0 mg/kg/day; i.p.) or saline for 5 days. Fifteen minutes prior to these injections they received an i.p. injection of the NAALADase inhibitor, 2-PMPA (50.0-100 mg/kg), or vehicle. Locomotor activity and stereotypy produced by a challenge dose of cocaine (15.0 mg/kg) were assessed 3 days later. Acute cocaine administration increased locomotor activity in control animals. In animals with a prior history of cocaine administration, the behavioral response to cocaine was significantly enhanced. In animals that had received 2-PMPA in combination with cocaine, the enhancement of cocaine-induced locomotor activity was attenuated. No alteration in cocaine-evoked activity was observed in animals that had received once daily injections of 2-PMPA, alone. Acute administration of 2-PMPA also did not modify saline-induced locomotor activity or activity produced by an acute cocaine challenge. These data demonstrate that NAALADase inhibition attenuates the development of sensitization to the locomotor-activating effects of cocaine. Furthermore, this action cannot be attributed to an antagonism of the acute effects of cocaine.
Self-Assembling Living Systems with Functional Nanomaterials (2007)

To catch a bug: Self-assembly of bacteria has been achieved by combining Escherichia coli and synthetic zeolite L. The assembly can be controlled so that the structure possesses either a 1:1 or 2:1 ratio (see schematic representation) between the bacteria and porous nanocontainers. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701019_s.html or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Towards an Overall QoE Model for 360-Degree Video (2021)

Although 360-degree video is becoming more and more popular on the Internet, understanding of Quality of Experience (QoE) of 360-degree video is still limited. In this paper, we aim to investigate for the first time the impacts of two QoE aspects, namely perceptual quality and presence, on the overall QoE of 360-degree video. By using a subjective dataset, statistical analysis shows that the overall QoE is significantly affected by the perceptual quality and presence. In addition, we make the first attempt to model the overall QoE of 360-degree video taking into account the impacts of the QoE aspects. In particular, two approaches are investigated to predict the overall QoE. The result shows that one of the approaches is applicable to predict the overall QoE of 360-degree video over different videos and rendering device sets.
Immune Failure in the Absence of Profound CD4+T-Lymphocyte Depletion in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rapid Progressor Macaques (2003)

A fraction of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques develop rapidly progressive disease in the apparent absence of detectable SIV-specific antibody responses. To characterize the immunopathogenesis of this syndrome, we studied viral load, CD4+ T-lymphocyte numbers as well as cellular and humoral immune responses to SIV and other exogenous antigens in four SIVsm-infected rhesus macaques that progressed to AIDS 9 to 16 weeks postinoculation. Each of these animals exhibited high levels of viremia but showed relatively preserved CD4 T lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid tissues at the time of death. Transient SIV-specific antibody responses and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses were observed at 2 to 4 weeks postinoculation. Two of the macaques that were immunized sequentially with tetanus toxoid and hepatitis A virus failed to develop antibody to either antigen. These studies show that the SIV-infected rapid progressor macaques initially mounted an appropriate but transient cellular and humoral immune response. The subsequent immune defect in these animals appeared to be global, affecting both cellular and humoral immunity to SIV as well as immune responses against unrelated antigens. The lack of CD4 depletion and loss of humoral and cellular immune responses suggest that their immune defect may be due to an early loss in T helper function.
17.3: 3D Display using Active Liquid Crystal Parallax Barrier with Supersonic Position Detector (2012)

Abstract We fabricated a 3D panel by combining an OLED display and a liquid crystal parallax barrier including a driver using a crystalline oxide semiconductor in a backplane. The combination with a supersonic sensor for detecting the positions of the user and the panel can correct the position of the barrier.
Intrinsic stability of magnetic anti-skyrmions in the tetragonal inverse Heusler compound Mn1.4Pt0.9Pd0.1Sn (2019)

Magnetic anti-skyrmions are one of several chiral spin textures that are of great current interest both for their topological characteristics and potential spintronic applications. Anti-skyrmions were recently observed in the inverse tetragonal Heusler material Mn<sub>1.4</sub>Pt<sub>0.9</sub>Pd<sub>0.1</sub>Sn. Here we show, using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, that anti-skyrmions are found over a wide range of temperature and magnetic fields in wedged lamellae formed from single crystals of Mn<sub>1.4</sub>Pt<sub>0.9</sub>Pd<sub>0.1</sub>Sn for thicknesses ranging up to ~250 nm. The temperature-field stability window of the anti-skyrmions varies little with thickness. Using micromagnetic simulations we show that this intrinsic stability of anti-skyrmions can be accounted for by the symmetry of the crystal lattice which is imposed on that of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya exchange interaction. These distinctive behaviors of anti-skyrmions makes them particularly attractive for spintronic applications.
Fluorescence spectroscopy for chromophore studies on bleached kraft pulps (2007)

Abstract Fluorescence techniques are highly sensitive and, since aromatic lignin is the most likely source of natural pulp fluorescence, they are suitable for detailed investigation of residual lignin in bleached pulps. Such investigations are important to our understanding of the bleachability and brightness reversion of pulps. In this study, the effect of bleaching on pulps was evaluated using fluorescence spectra of two softwood kraft pulps bleached in six elemental chlorine-free and totally chlorine-free sequences. Fluorescence spectra were recorded in each bleaching stage using four different instrument settings. In general, pulp fluorescence at excitation wavelengths of 270 and 350 nm increased as bleaching proceeded. Below a certain lignin content, however, pulp fluorescence measured at an excitation wavelength of 430 nm decreased with the residual lignin content. Carbonyl groups have a quenching effect on fluorescence, and the formation of carbonyl groups after oxygen and ozone delignification induced a decrease in pulp fluorescence. The increase in pulp fluorescence after peroxide bleaching stages was due to the removal of carbonyl groups. Reactions of chromophores during brightness reversion also had an effect on pulp fluorescence. These findings demonstrate that fluorescence spectroscopy provides an interesting tool for pulp bleaching studies.
Accurate Characterization of Oscillator Phase-Noise Corrupted OFDMA-Uplink (2013)

This paper focuses on the analysis of the effect of oscillator phase-noise on OFDMA waveforms. First, general uplink OFDMA signal model is described with transmitter and receiver phase noises. Then, the signal-to-interference+noise ratio is analysed in phase noise corrupted OFDMA link. The analysis is based on accurate statistical analysis of the phase noise process, and it is carried out for arbitrary subcarrier mapping and channel frequency response. The results are then verified with simulator.