gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of polarization-mode dispersion in cascades of compensated optical fibers (2001)

First-order compensation of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) leaves residual, higher order PMD. We analyze the accumulation of residual distortion in cascades of compensated fibers. Total distortion is calculated and limitations on the total propagation length are given. While compensation can greatly extend the total propagation distance, its effectiveness diminishes rapidly as the bandwidth is increased.
The Sonic Limit in Sodium Heat Pipes (1973)

The results of an analytical study of the vapor dissociation–recombination and homogeneous vapor condensation phenomena in sodium heat pipes are described. It is shown that neither the dissociation–recombination reaction nor the vapor condensation process has a large influence on the sonic-limit heat transfer rate. The single most important factor is shown to be the wall shear stress in the heat-pipe vapor passage. The friction effects control the location of the sonic point, determine if the flow in the condenser section will be subsonic or supersonic, and decrease the sonic-limit heat transfer rate to values which can be substantially lower than those which are predicted from inviscid analyses.
Anatomy and Dynamics of a Supramolecular Membrane Protein Cluster (2007)

Most plasmalemmal proteins organize in submicrometer-sized clusters whose architecture and dynamics are still enigmatic. With syntaxin 1 as an example, we applied a combination of far-field optical nanoscopy, biochemistry, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis, and simulations to show that clustering can be explained by self-organization based on simple physical principles. On average, the syntaxin clusters exhibit a diameter of 50 to 60 nanometers and contain 75 densely crowded syntaxins that dynamically exchange with freely diffusing molecules. Self-association depends on weak homophilic protein-protein interactions. Simulations suggest that clustering immobilizes and conformationally constrains the molecules. Moreover, a balance between self-association and crowding-induced steric repulsions is sufficient to explain both the size and dynamics of syntaxin clusters and likely of many oligomerizing membrane proteins that form supramolecular structures.
Osteopenic features of the hip joint in patients with cerebral palsy: a hospital‐based study (2016)

Bone attenuation of the acetabulum and femur was significantly affected both by GMFCS level and by severity of hip instability.
Three-stage lattice relaxation of Ge islands on Si(111) measured by tunneling microscopy (1995)

We use the tunneling microscope to measure the surface lattice spacing of Ge islands grown on Si(111) as a function of their height. It changes in three stages: (I) (0–50 layers tall) Rapid relaxation from near the bulk Si value, at the end of which the lattice spacing atop some of the islands exceeds that of bulk Ge. (II) (50–80 layers) Rapid decrease in surface lattice spacing, to nearly 2% below the bulk Ge value. (III) (≳80 layers) Gradual relaxation to the bulk value. Additional observations of dislocations and analysis of island widths are used to explain this behavior.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Resolution of Bicyclo(4.2.0)oct‐2‐en‐7‐ol and the Preparation of Some Polysubstituted Bicyclo(3.3.0)octan‐2‐ones via Highly Strained Tricyclo(4.2.0.01,5)octan‐8‐ones. (1988)

Abstract Treatment of the bromobicyclo(4.2.0)cyclooctanones (I) with bases results in intramolecular cyclization, producing the tricyclo(4.2.0.0)octanones (II).
Riktlinjer för endoskopisk kontroll efter kolorektal polypektomi (2017)

These guidelines for endoscopic surveillance after colorectal polypectomy are based on the recommendations published by European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) in 2013. A precondition for the guidelines is that patients have undergone a high-quality colonoscopy, including complete removal and histopathological evaluation of all detected neoplastic lesions. Current research has made it possible to stratify patients into a low-risk and a high-risk group in terms of metachronous cancer. Low-risk group patients (1-2 tubular adenomas &lt;10 mm in size) are recommended a surveillance colonoscopy 10 years after the index colonoscopy if the patient is less than 50 years old, otherwise not. High-risk group patients (adenomas with villous histology or high grade dysplasia or ≥10 mm in size, or ≥ 3 adenomas), should undergo a repetition colonoscopy 3 years after the index colonoscopy. If high-risk adenomas are detected at first or subsequent surveillance colonoscopy, a 3-year repetition of the next endoscopic examination is recommended. If a high-risk patient has no high-risk adenomas at the first surveillance colonoscopy, a 5-year period is recommended until the second surveillance colonoscopy. ESGE recommends termination of the follow-up at 80 years of age although individualised recommendations should consider general health and comorbidity of the patients as well as findings at previous colonoscopies.
Oficjalne wytyczne ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT dotyczące postępowania w praktyce klinicznej: Leczenie idiopatycznego włóknienia płuc (2017)

Wprowadzenie: Niniejszy dokument uaktualnia wytyczne Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Chorób Klatki Piersiowej (ATS)/Europejskiego Towarzystwa Pulmonologicznego (ERS)/Japońskiego Towarzystwa Pulmonologicznego (JRS)/Latynoamerykańskiego Towarzystwa Chorób Klatki Piersiowej (ALAT) dotyczące leczenia idiopatycznego włóknienia płuc. Metody: Przeprowadzono przeglądy systematyczne, a jeśli było to możliwe, metaanalizy, w celu podsumowania wszystkich dostępnych dowodów istotnych do sformułowania odpowiedzi na zadane pytania. Dowody oceniano za pomocą systemu Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), a następnie dyskutowano nad nimi w ramach panelu multidyscyplinarnego. Zastosowano strategie wcześniejszego określenia konfliktów interesów, a zalecenia zostały opracowane, napisane i ocenione wyłącznie przez członków paneli niezgłaszających konfliktów. Wyniki: Zalecenia przemawiające za określonymi interwencjami leczniczymi lub przeciw nim sformułowano po uwzględnieniu danych dotyczących skuteczności, znaczenia zbadanych punktów końcowych, pożądanych i niepożądanych następstw leczenia, kosztów, wykonalności, akceptowalności interwencji i równych szans dostępu do opieki zdrowotnej. Wnioski: Panel opracował i przedstawił podstawy do stworzenia zaleceń przemawiających za interwencjami leczniczymi lub przeciw nim w idiopatycznym włóknieniu płuc.
Cancer vaccines at an inflexion point: what next? (2011)

With the approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccines for veterinarian and human use, the field reached a significant milestone after a considerable interval of tumultuous research and development marked by numerous ups and downs. As the mechanism of action and clinical benefit afforded by this class of agents are starkly different from that of conventional or small targeted therapies for cancer, there are still numerous hurdles that need to be overcome to fully unleash their potential. These challenges and efforts are illustrated in a book just published on this subject, a non-exhaustive yet representative synopsis of the latest advances in cancer vaccine technologies in various stages of development. Major lessons resulting from clinical testing of cancer vaccines and other immune interventions, are being integrated in novel, cutting edge platform technologies that blur the distinction between passive and active immunotherapies as well as carry the promise of fundamentally changing and improving the management of patients with cancer.
Quantification of Small Molecule Drugs in Biological Tissue Sections by Imaging Mass Spectrometry Using Surrogate Tissue-Based Calibration Standards (2014)

Quantitative analysis of administered drugs in biological tissues is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying their efficacy or toxicity. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) may allow the quantification of targeted drugs in tissue sections along with the visualization of their spatial distribution. In this study, surrogate tissue-based calibration standards were prepared to quantify a small molecule drug (S-777469 or raclopride) in tissue sections of mice administered with the drug, followed by analysis with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source. The distribution of the drugs in the dissected organs was clearly visualized by MALDI-IMS. The drug concentration determined using the calibration standards prepared for MALDI-IMS analysis was highly consistent with that determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantification in multiple organs was enabled. The results of this study show that MALDI-IMS can be used to quantify small molecule drugs in biological tissue sections using surrogate tissue-based calibration standards.
Diesel Engine Dynamics Modeling Considering Fuel Injection Period Based on Combustion Heat Release Rate Identification (2013)

Heat release rate is an important parameter that affects diesel engine characteristics. The behaviors of intake and exhaust systems are also important because these systems govern the fluid flow into engine cylinders. This study presents a diesel engine dynamics model based on the identification of the combustion heat release rate and intake and exhaust valve properties. Using the identification results, instantaneous engine speeds and cylinder pressures can be obtained by considering fuel injection period, air intake and exhaust properties, the in-cylinder combustion process, and crank rotational dynamics. The simulation results for the engine speed and in-cylinder pressure indicate good agreement with experimental data for different external loads and low and high engine speeds.
Therapeutic Effects of Intra-Articular Ultrapurified Low Endotoxin Alginate Administration on Experimental Osteoarthritis in Rabbits (2012)

This study indicates that our UPLE alginates, especially AL1000, have promising potential as an effective agent in preventing OA progression.
Differentiation and cell polarity during renal cyst formation in the Han:SPRD (cy/+) rat, a model for ADPKD (1997)

Despite the recent positional cloning of genes responsible for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the exact pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this disorder are still unclear. To learn more about cyst formation, we investigated cell differentiation and cell polarity in the Han:SPRD (cy/+) rat between 21 days and 60 wk of age. At early stages of cyst development, alkaline phosphatase, aquaporin-1, NaSi-1 cotransporter, and Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) were expressed normally. Clusterin mRNA was only sparsely expressed at the onset of cystic degeneration and increased thereafter, being highest in noncystic nephron segments. In cyst wall cells, clusterin on the one hand and alkaline phosphatase, aquaporin-1, NaSi-1-cotransporter, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase on the other were expressed in a mutually exclusive fashion. No change in cell polarity could be observed at any stage. Our data therefore argue against a change in cell polarity and against an early arrest in normal tubular development during cyst formation in the Han:SPRD (cy/+) rat model of ADPKD but favor the hypothesis that tubular epithelia develop in an orderly fashion and degenerate thereafter.
Projections onto the Set of Feasible Inputs and the Set of Feasible\n Solutions (2019)

We study the projection onto the set of feasible inputs and the set of\nfeasible solutions of a polynomial optimisation problem (POP). Our motivation\nis increasing the robustness of solvers for POP: Without a priori guarantees of\nfeasibility of a particular instance, one should like to perform the projection\nonto the set of feasible inputs prior to running a solver. Without a\ncertificate of optimality, one should like to project the output of the solver\nonto the set of feasible solutions subsequently. We study the computational\ncomplexity, formulations, and convexifications of the projections. Our results\nare illustrated on IEEE test cases of Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow\n(ACOPF) problem.\n
Multi-color double-barrier superlattice infrared photodetector combined with quantum well infrared photodetector for operation at high temperature and low bias (2010)

This work presented multi-color infrared photodetector for operation at high temperature and low bias. The BLIP temperature is about 100K and the photoresponse is 12mA/Wat 110K under 0.3V. This device is the promising candidate of a pixel in the focal plane array.
p53 interacts with the spliceosomal protein SAP145 and affects pre-mRNA processing (2005)

4599 The tumor suppressor protein p53 functions to maintain cellular homeostasis and to prevent tumorigenesis by mediating cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis in response to cellular stress and DNA damage. p53 primarily acts as a transcription factor, but it has become clear that p53 uses additional mechanisms of action to affect cellular processes. Through a p53 dissociator screen in yeast, we uncovered a set of new p53-interacting proteins, including the spliceosome associated protein 145kDa (SAP145). SAP145 is a core component of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein subunit of the spliceosome complex. The discovery of a splicing protein from the screen is interesting because it suggests a novel role for p53 in splicing which could have direct implications for p53’s functions in cancer biology. We have established that p53 interacts with SAP145 by coimmunoprecipitation of over-expressed p53 and FLAG-tagged SAP145. We have also determined that the N-terminus of p53 and the N-terminus of SAP145 are important for their physical interaction. Furthermore, activated p53 can affect the stability of SAP145 by decreasing protein levels of both full-length SAP145 and the N-terminus of SAP145, as shown by Western Blotting. However, p53 does not decrease protein levels of the C-terminus of SAP145. These results indicate that the interaction between p53 and SAP145, in particular the N-terminus of SAP145, affects SAP145 protein stability and may consequently affect pre-mRNA processing. To study the functional roles of p53 in pre-mRNA splicing, we performed RT-PCR analysis to examine the alternative splicing patterns of two different minigenes: survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) and alpha-globin fibronectin (alpha-glob FN). p53 was shown to affect the alternative splicing pattern of exon 7 of SMN2 and the EDI exon of alpha-glob FN transcripts. Activated p53 also affects alternative splicing of endogenous p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) transcripts. We are currently examining p53’s effects on splicing of other endogenous p53 target genes involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Continued RT-PCR analyses will focus on how the interaction of p53 and SAP145 (and its consequences on SAP145 stability) affect p53-mediated alternative splicing of these gene products. The connection of the splicing factor SAP145 to p53 biology is intriguing in that it implicates a novel role for p53 in pre-mRNA splicing which may be linked to p53-mediated cellular outcomes of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our data demonstrate not only a physical interaction between p53 and SAP145 but also show that p53 can affect SAP145 protein stability. We propose that p53 interacts with SAP145 to affect pre-mRNA splicing. By studying this interaction and its functional consequences, we will better understand how the tumor suppressor protein p53 regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Isocyanoacetate to 3‐Methyl‐4‐nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles under Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions. (2016)

Abstract The reaction of styrylisoxazoles (I) with ethyl isocyanoacetate (II) in the presence of N‐benzylcinchonidinium bromides TFCB or DTBC leads to diastereomeric mixtures of isocyanates (III), which are readily cyclized with N‐ethyldiisopropylamine to afford chiral 2,3‐dihydropyrroles as a single diastereomer with good to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Directed Amidohalogenation Reaction: An Unusual Reaction of Azidoformates. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
View‐Sharing Artifact Reduction With Retrospective Compressed Sensing Reconstruction in the Context of Contrast‐Enhanced Liver MRI for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Screening (2018)

3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:984-993.
Free spectral range measurement of a fiberized Fabry–Perot etalon with sub-Hz accuracy (2010)

In this work a narrow linewidth (1 kHz) laser source is used to measure the free spectral range of a fiberized Fabry-Perot etalon with sub-Hz accuracy (10(-8)). A previously demonstrated technique based on the Pound-Drever-Hall error signal is improved in accuracy by the use of a narrow linewidth laser swept in frequency via an acousto-optic modulator, or single sideband generation. The sub-Hz (10(-8)) accuracy attained enables the characterization of both the long-term drift and the polarization dependence of the free spectral range of the fiberized etalon.
The Economics of the Law. (1989)

Journal Article The Economics of the Law Get access The Economics of the Law. By FRANK H.STEPHEN. (Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1988. Pp. x + 224. £35.00 hardback. ISBN 0 7450 0137 8.) Paul Burrows Paul Burrows University of York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 99, Issue 397, 1 September 1989, Pages 857–858, https://doi.org/10.2307/2233778 Published: 01 September 1989
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Magnesium Anthracene in Forming Grignard Reagents (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Nanomechanical Properties of Polystyrene Thin Films Embedded with Surface-grafted Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Thin polystyrene (PS) films embedded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) grafted with PS chains were prepared via solution casting, and the nanomechanical behavior of the thin films was probed by using AFM, TEM, and SEM. Percolated network of entangled nanotubes was observed to be well-dispersed in the PS thin films, and the films demonstrated strikingly different mechanical properties as compared to the pristine PS film. The MWNT/PS films were very tough showing no microfracture at large strains beyond 20%. Although crazes of similar microstructure to those in pristine PS were developed upon stretching, they were short and narrow with a width no more than approximately 2 μm. AFM analyses revealed that crazes grew by following a micronecking mechanism, similar to that commonly observed in neat polymers, but craze widening was substantially restricted. As a result, nucleation of new crazes became the dominant process over widening of the existing crazes as the applied strain increased. No nanotubes were observed inside crazes; they appeared to be excluded from craze fibrillation and were observed to accumulate at the craze boundaries. The growth of crazes in the MWNT/PS films was constrained by the nanotubes too rigid to be drawn into the crazes during the deformation.
Using intermolecular interactions to crosslink PIM-1 and modify its gas sorption properties (2015)

The attractive intermolecular interactions between PIM-1 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were used to produce films with higher CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> gas sorption selectivity and reduced ageing of permeability.
Structural Characterization of a Protein A Mimetic Peptide Dendrimer Bound to Human IgG (2009)

Understanding the chemical physical properties of protein binding sites is at the basis of the rational design of protein ligands. The hinge region of the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G is an important and well characterized protein binding site, known to interact with several natural proteins and synthetic ligands. Here, we report structural evidence that a Staphylococcus aureus Protein A mimetic peptide dendrimer, deduced by a combinatorial approach, binds close to the Cgamma2/Cgamma3 interface of the constant fragment of a human IgG1 molecule, partially hindering the Protein A binding site. The X-ray analysis evidenced a primary binding site located between a terminal Arg residue of the ligand peptidic arm and a hydrophobic protein site consisting of Val308, Leu309, and His310. A molecular dynamic analysis of the model derived from the X-ray structure showed that in water at room temperature the complex is further stabilized by the formation of at least one more contact between a terminal Arg residue of the second arm of the peptide and the carboxylic group of a protein amino acid, such as Glu318, Asp312, or Asp280. It appears thus that stability of the Fc-dendrimer complex is determined by the synergetic formation of multiple bonds of different nature between the dendrimer arms and the protein accessible sites. The electrostatic and van der Waals energies of the complex were monitored during the MD simulations and confirmed the energetic stability of the two interactions.
Multi-Source Cooperation with Full-Diversity Spectral-Efficiency and Controllable-Complexity (2006)

We develop a general framework for multi-source cooperation (MSC) protocols to improve diversity and spectral efficiency relative to repetition based alternatives that rely on single-source cooperation. The novel protocols are flexible to balance tradeoffs among diversity, spectral efficiency and decoding-complexity. Users are grouped in clusters and follow a two-phase MSC protocol which involves time division multiple access (TDMA) to separate users within a cluster, and code division multiple access (CDMA) to separate clusters. An attractive protocol under the general MSC framework, relies on distributed complex field coding (DCFC) to enable diversity order equal to the number of users per cluster. Cluster separation based on orthonormal spreading sequences leads to spectral efficiency 1/2. When the number of clusters exceeds the amount of spreading, spectral efficiency can be enhanced without sacrificing diversity, at the expense of controllable increase in complexity
Developmental Induction of Golgi Structure and Function in the Primitive Eukaryote Giardia lamblia (1995)

A fundamental characteristic of eukaryotic cells is the presence of membrane-bound compartments and membrane transport pathways in which the Golgi complex plays a central role in the selective processing, sorting, and secretion of proteins. The parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia belongs to the earliest identified lineage among eukaryotes and therefore offers unique insight into the progression from primitive to more complex eukaryotic cells. Here, we report that Giardia trophozoites undergo a developmental induction of Golgi enzyme activities, which correlates with the appearance of a morphologically identifiable Golgi complex, as they differentiate to cysts. Prior to this induction, no morphologically or biochemically identifiable Golgi complex exists within nonencysting cells. Remarkably, protein secretion in both nonencysting and encysting trophozoites is inhibited by brefeldin A, and brefeldin A-sensitive membrane association of ADP-ribosylation factor and beta-COP is observed. These results suggest that the secretory machinery of Giardia resembles that of higher eukaryotes despite the absence of a Golgi complex in nonencysting trophozoites. These findings have implications both for defining the minimal machinery for protein secretion in eukaryotes and for examining the biogenesis of Golgi structure and function.