gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of TRAIL and TRAIL Receptors in Allergic Asthmatics Following Segmental Antigen Challenge: Evidence for a Role of TRAIL in Eosinophil Survival (2002)

Asthma is a chronic lung disease exhibiting airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation, characterized by the infiltration of eosinophils into the airways and the underlying tissue. Prolonged eosinophilic inflammation depends on the balance between the cell's inherent tendency to undergo apoptosis and the local eosinophil-viability enhancing activity. TRAIL, a member of the TNF family, induces apoptosis in most transformed cells; however, its role in health and disease remains unknown. To test the hypothesis that Ag-induced inflammation is associated with TRAIL/TRAIL-R interactions, we used a segmental Ag challenge (SAC) model in ragweed-allergic asthmatics and nonasthmatic patients and analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) material for 2 wk. In asthmatic patients, the level of TRAIL in BAL fluid dramatically increased 24 h after SAC, which significantly correlated with BAL eosinophil counts. Immunohistochemical analysis of bronchial biopsies from asthmatic patients demonstrated that TRAIL staining was increased in epithelial, airway smooth muscle, and vascular smooth muscle cells and throughout the interstitial tissue after SAC. This was confirmed by quantitative immunocytochemical image analysis of BAL eosinophils and alveolar macrophages, which demonstrated that expression levels of TRAIL and DcR2 increased, whereas expression levels of the TRAIL-Rs DR4 and DR5 decreased in asthmatic subjects after SAC. We also determined that TRAIL prolongs eosinophil survival ex vivo. These data provide the first in vivo evidence that TRAIL expression is increased in asthmatics following Ag provocation and suggest that modulation of TRAIL and TRAIL-R interactions may play a crucial role in promoting eosinophil survival in asthma.
Energy Transfer to an Occupant in Rear Crashes: Effect of Stiff and Yielding Seats (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For several decades, there has been a debate on the safety merits of yielding and rigidized (stiff) seats. In 1995, GM adopted requirements for high retention seats and introduced a new generation of yielding seatbacks. These seats have the same stiffness as the yielding seats of the 1980s and early 1990s, but have a strong frame structure and recliners to substantially limit seatback rotation in severe rear crashes. The yielding behavior is given by compliance of the seat suspension across the side structures and an open perimeter frame, which allows the occupant to penetrate into the seatback.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The purpose of this study is to compare the energy transfer characteristics and occupant dynamics of yielding and stiff seats in 35 km/h and 16 km/h rear crashes. Based on benchmarking tests, the stiff seatback is defined as one having a 40 kN/m stiffness in rearward loading by a Hybrid dummy. The yielding seatback has a 20 kN/m stiffness, which is comparable to the 1997 W car seat, the first high retention seat introduced by GM. For this study, the vehicle acceleration was a constant 10 g or 4.5 g over 100 ms giving the delta V of 35 km/h or 16 km/h. An Excel spreadsheet analysis was conducted to determine occupant dynamics in a step-forward solution based on the differential displacement between the occupant and vehicle. Force and acceleration of the occupant are proportional to seatback stiffness and the differential displacement.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The yielding seatback developed 15%-16% lower forces on the occupant and acceleration with a delayed loading as compared to the stiff seat. The time delay improved the efficiency of the energy transfer and allowed force to be applied on the occupant after the head, neck and torso received uniform support by the seatback and head restraint. Even with an initial 15 cm gap behind the occupant or a higher initial vehicle acceleration pulse, the yielding seatback provided a more gradual acceleration and lower loads on the occupant with 68% greater occupant displacement with respect to the vehicle.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study shows the benefits of a yielding seatback over a stiff seat on occupant dynamics in rear crashes. The more gradual ride-up of the crash delta V allows a later occupant loading during the time the head, neck and back have more uniform support from the seat and head restraint. In contrast, the stiff seat has a load of 4 kN when the relative penetration of the occupant is 10 cm, which is before the likely time of head restraint contact. The comparable load with the yielding seatback is only 2 kN indicating much lower forces on the back and base of the neck.&lt;/div&gt;
Transplantation of amniotic epithelial membranes in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. (1985)

This paper reports the biochemical results of transplanting human amniotic epithelial cells in 3 children with Hunter's and 2 with Hurler's disease. A transient and modest increase of alpha-L-idurono-2-sulphate sulphatase or alpha-iduronidase was observed in the white cells collected from 1 patient with Hunter's and 1 with Hurler's disease. No variation in the excretion of glycosaminoglycans or oligosaccharides was detected in all 5 patients. There was no evidence of immune response towards the transplanted cells or the specifically deficient enzyme. Thus, in spite of the absence of the major histocompatibility antigens, HLA A, B, C and DR, on the surface of the amniotic epithelial cells, no long-term correction of lysosomal enzyme deficiencies was achieved by transplanting amniotic epithelial membranes collected at the end of the gestational period.
Coulomb effects in type‐II Ga(As)Sb quantum dots (2009)

Abstract We present a detailed explanation of the blue‐shift that is observed in Ga(As)Sb quantum dots (QD) with increasing pump power density by employing an 8‐band k · p model with the Coulomb attractive potential added into the Hamiltonian. Two types of structures are considered: Ga(As)Sb QDs in a GaAs matrix and the same dots overgrown with an InGaAs quantum well (QW). We show that with increasing charge density the electron and hole energy levels shift relative to each other, which results in an increase of the optical transition energy (i.e. a blue‐shift). The major contribution to the effect arises from the holes and is a result of their 3D confinement inside the dot. Additionally, with increasing charge density the electrons move closer to the dot, which improves the oscillator strength of the ground‐state optical transition. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Immunotherapy response and microenvironment provide biomarkers of immunotherapy options for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Immunotherapy has been a promising approach option for lung cancer. <b>Method:</b> All the open-accessed data was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. All the analysis was conducted using the R software analysis. <b>Results:</b> Firstly, the genes differentially expressed in lung cancer immunotherapy responders and non-responders were identified. Then, the lung adenocarcinoma immunotherapy-related genes were determined by LASSO logistic regression and SVM-RFE, respectively. A total of 18 immunotherapy response-related genes were included in our investigation. Subsequently, we constructed the logistics score model. Patients with high logistics score had a better clinical effect on immunotherapy, with 63.2% of patients responding to immunotherapy, while only 12.1% of patients in the low logistics score group responded to immunotherapy. Moreover, we found that pathways related to immunotherapy were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and carcinogenic pathways such as KRAS signaling. Logistics score was positively correlated with NK cells activated, Mast cells resting, Monocytes, Macrophages M2, dendritic cells resting, dendritic cells activated and eosinophils, while was negatively related to Tregs, macrophages M0, macrophages M1, and mast cells activated. In addition, ERVH48-1 was screened for single-cell exploration. The expression of ERVH48-1 increased in patients with distant metastasis, and ERVH48-1 was associated with pathways such as pancreas beta cells, spermatogenesis, G2M checkpoints and KRAS signaling. The result of quantitative real-time PCR showed that ERVH48-1 was upregulated in lung cancer cells. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study developed an effective signature to predict the immunotherapy response of lung cancer patients.
Ion sensing with thread-based potentiometric electrodes (2018)

Potentiometric sensing of ions with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) is a powerful technique for selective and sensitive measurement of ions in complex matrices. The application of ISEs is generally limited to laboratory settings, because most commercially available ISEs and reference electrodes are large, delicate, and expensive, and are not suitable for point-of-use or point-of-care measurements. This work utilizes cotton thread as a substrate for fabrication of robust and miniaturized ISEs that are suitable for point-of-care or point-of-use applications. Thread-based ISEs selective for Cl-, K+, Na+, and Ca2+ were developed. The cation-selective ISEs were fabricated by coating the thread with a surfactant-free conductive ink (made of carbon black) and then coating the tip of the conductive thread with the ion-selective membrane. The Cl- ISE was fabricated by coating the thread with an Ag/AgCl ink. These sensors exhibited slopes (of electrical potential vs. log concentration of target ion), close to the theoretically-expected values, over four orders of magnitude in concentrations of ions. Because thread is mechanically strong, the thread-based electrodes can be used in multiple-use applications as well as single-use applications. Multiple thread-based sensors can be easily bundled together to fabricate a customized sensor for multiplexed ion-sensing. These electrodes require volumes of sample as low as 200 μL. The application of thread-based ISEs is demonstrated in the analysis of ions in soil, food, and dietary supplements (Cl- in soil/water slurry, K+ and Na+ in coconut water, and Ca2+ in a calcium supplement), and in detection of physiological electrolytes (K+ and Na+ in blood serum and urine, with sufficient accuracy for clinical diagnostics).
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of a small-moleculeSMN2splicing modifier in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy (2016)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by the loss or mutation of both copies of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. The related SMN2 gene is retained, but due to alternative splicing of exon 7, produces insufficient levels of the SMN protein. Here, we systematically characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of the SMN splicing modifier SMN-C1. SMN-C1 is a low-molecular weight compound that promotes the inclusion of exon 7 and increases production of SMN protein in human cells and in two transgenic mouse models of SMA. Furthermore, increases in SMN protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and skin correlate with those in the central nervous system (CNS), indicating that a change of these levels in blood or skin can be used as a non-invasive surrogate to monitor increases of SMN protein levels in the CNS. Consistent with restored SMN function, SMN-C1 treatment increases the levels of spliceosomal and U7 small-nuclear RNAs and corrects RNA processing defects induced by SMN deficiency in the spinal cord of SMNΔ7 SMA mice. A 100% or greater increase in SMN protein in the CNS of SMNΔ7 SMA mice robustly improves the phenotype. Importantly, a ∼50% increase in SMN leads to long-term survival, but the SMA phenotype is only partially corrected, indicating that certain SMA disease manifestations may respond to treatment at lower doses. Overall, we provide important insights for the translation of pre-clinical data to the clinic and further therapeutic development of this series of molecules for SMA treatment.
Noise reduction in a multiwavelength fiber laser (2005)

We report on noise suppression in a multiwavelength DBR fiber laser using feedback control of the pump power. In-phase relaxation oscillations were reduced by 22 dB, however anti-phase oscillations were not affected
Partnership for Research on Ebola VACcination (PREVAC): protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial evaluating three vaccine strategies against Ebola in healthy volunteers in four West African countries (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02876328 . Registered on 23 August 2016.
Photomedicine and Stem Cells (2017)

Janus, the ancient Roman god depicted with two faces is an appropriate metaphor for light therapy. In the right photodynamic therapy conditions, light is able to kill nearly anything that is living such as cancers, microorganisms, parasites, and more. On the opposite face, light of the correct wavelength and proper dose (photobiomodulation) can heal, regenerate, protect, revitalize and restore any kind of dead, damaged, stressed, dying, degenerating cells, tissue, or organ system. This book discusses both sides of Janus' face in regards to light therapy.
Эффективный алгоритм определения резонансных частот колебаний вращающихся рабочих колёс турбомашин (2014)

A fast algorithm for finding the resonance frequencies of gas turbine engine rotating blade disks has been developed. The algorithm is based on the use of interpolation function in the frequency domain. The algorithm does not require a resonance diagram. Comparative analysis of the resonance frequencies of model blade disks has been carried out.
Requirements for the multiple formation of peptide bonds within the coordination spheres of metal ions. Three-site system based on cobalt(III) (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRequirements for the multiple formation of peptide bonds within the coordination spheres of metal ions. Three-site system based on cobalt(III)Yulin Wu and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 12, 4115–4122Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00767a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00767a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tuning PMOS Mo(O,N) metal gates to NMOS by addition of DyO capping layer (2007)

MoON has been reported to be a good PMOS candidate. In this paper, we report tuning of the MoON PMOS metal towards Si conduction band-edge with V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> as low as 0.35V for SiON capped with DyO, using a standard high temperature gate first process flow. Consistent shifts of 450mV in V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FB</inf> and V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> are observed by capping SiON with DyO for MoON gate. Gate leakage as low as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 17.6Å EOT is obtained, outperforming HfSiON by 3 orders of magnitude. Intermixing of SiON and DyO is shown to be the key element leading to low EOT and low gate leakage without any degradation of the gate oxide integrity.
Graphene oxide as a multi-functional p-dopant of transparent single-walled carbon nanotube films for optoelectronic devices (2012)

Modulation of electronic structures and surface properties of transparent carbon nanotube films is a challenging issue for their application in optoelectronic devices. Here, we report, for the first time, that graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets play the role of a p-doping agent and surface energy modifier of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). The deposition of highly oxidized, small-sized (i.e., diameter of less than 500 nm) GO nanosheets onto a SWCNT network film reduces the sheet resistance of the pristine film to 60% of its original value by p-doping. The modified TCEs exhibit an outstanding optoelectronic feature of high conductivity with high transparency. Moreover, the wettability of the electrode surface was also noticeably increased, which is advantageous for the solution-based processing of organic electronics. Furthermore, the organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with the GO-doped SWCNT anodes on flexible substrates were successfully demonstrated. In stark contrast to a power conversion efficiency of 0.44% for pristine SWCNT anodes, GO-doped SWCNT anodes show a drastically enhanced power conversion efficiency of 2.7%.
Au(111): A theoretical study of the surface reconstruction and the surface electronic structure (1991)

On the reconstructed Au(111) surface, atoms on the surface layer occupy both the hcp and the fcc sites. Using first-principles calculations to obtain the surface energies of the system with the top Au layer occupying the fcc, hcp, top, and bridge sites, we found that the hcp site is only 1 mRy per surface atom higher in energy than the fcc site. The complex Au(111) reconstruction is then discussed with use of a two-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorowa model. We calculated the surface band structure of the Au(111) surface along high-symmetry lines in the surface Brillouin zone, with the top layer occupying the fcc, hcp, and bridge sites. We found that the surface electronic structure is almost independent of the position of the top layer.
Relativistic BWO with Gaussian beam extracted radially using an electromagnetic bandgap medium (2014)

Summary form only given. Cerenkov high power microwave sources can be used to generate short, Gaussian microwave pulses that are attractive for many applications. The backward wave oscillator (BWO) is typically known to radiate the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0n</sub> -mode in circular waveguide. The microwave signal is usually extracted axially after reflecting the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> -mode from the upstream end of the SWS by using either a cutoff-neck or a cavity resonator reflector. In order to produce a Gaussian beam from BWOs, a mode converter is usually used. Even though an asymmetric mode can be generated in these devices, the cutoff-neck reflector is the only means to effectively reflect the wave for radiation. The disadvantage of the cutoff-neck reflector is the proximity to the electron beam and that leads to beam scrape-off and alignment difficulty. In this work, the idea of combining a periodic slow wave structure (SWS) with an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure for generating, coupling and extracting a Gaussian radiation pattern is presented. Since SWSs with period ~ λ/2 have been used for a long time to generate high power due to their mechanical strength and resistance to breakdown, it is best to use them for high power microwave generation with added improvements. The EBG structure follows a slot antenna concept where the slot array is cut at the SWS wall to perturb the surface currents. The slots are basically used for coupling between the interaction region and a concentric circular waveguide. After that the generated mode will be radiated axially by using a horn antenna. The EBG structure makes the BWOs more compact and allows more power to be extracted, not only for HE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> -modes but also for TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0n</sub> -modes. The fully electromagnetic, relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) code MAGIC and the fully electromagnetic software tool ANSYS-HFSS were used in this study.
First demonstration of real-time end-to-end 40 Gb/s PAM-4 system using 10-G transmitter for next generation access applications (2015)

We demonstrate the first known experiment of a real-time end-to-end 40-Gb/s PAM-4 system for next generation access applications using 10G class transmitters only. Up to 25-dB upstream link budget for 20 km SMF is achieved.
Stem Cells for Hepatic Regeneration: The Role of Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2010)

Severe hepatic dysfunctions including hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma are life-threatening conditions for which effective medical treatments are needed. With the only effective treatment to date being orthotropic liver transplantation, alternative approaches are needed because of the limited number of donors and the possibility of immune-rejection. One alternative is regenerative medicine, which holds promise for the development of a cell-based therapy enabling hepatic regeneration through transplantation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) or hepatocyte-like cells generated from AT-MSCs. When compared with embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the use of AT-MSCs as regenerative cells would be advantageous in regard to ethical and safety issues since AT-MSCs are somatic cells and have the potential to be used without in vitro culture. These autologous cells are immuno-compatible and exhibit controlled differentiation and multi-functional abilities and do not undergo post-transplantation rejection or unwanted differentiation such as formation of teratomas. AT-MSC-based therapies may provide a novel approach for hepatic regeneration and hepatocyte differentiation and thereby support hepatic function in diseased individuals.
Consumer-grade wearables and machine learning sensitively capture disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2023)

Abstract ALS causes degeneration of motor neurons, resulting in progressive muscle weakness and impairment in fine motor, gross motor, bulbar, and respiratory function. Promising drug development efforts have accelerated in ALS, but are constrained by a lack of objective, sensitive, and accessible outcome measures. Here we investigate the use of consumer-grade wearable sensors, worn on four limbs at home during natural behavior, to quantify motor function and disease progression in 376 individuals with ALS over a several year period. We utilized an analysis approach that automatically detects and characterizes submovements from passively collected accelerometer data and produces a machine-learned severity score for each limb that is independent of clinical ratings. The approach produced interpretable and highly reliable scores that progressed faster than the gold standard ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (−0.70 SD/year versus -0.48 SD/year), supporting its use as a sensitive, ecologically valid, and scalable measure for ALS trials and clinical care.