gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial-induced meprin β cleavage in MUC2 mucin and a functional CFTR channel are required to release anchored small intestinal mucus (2014)

The mucus that covers and protects the epithelium of the intestine is built around its major structural component, the gel-forming MUC2 mucin. The gel-forming mucins have traditionally been assumed to be secreted as nonattached. The colon has a two-layered mucus system where the inner mucus is attached to the epithelium, whereas the small intestine normally has a nonattached mucus. However, the mucus of the small intestine of meprin β-deficient mice was now found to be attached. Meprin β is an endogenous zinc-dependent metalloprotease now shown to cleave the N-terminal region of the MUC2 mucin at two specific sites. When recombinant meprin β was added to the attached mucus of meprin β-deficient mice, the mucus was detached from the epithelium. Similar to meprin β-deficient mice, germ-free mice have attached mucus as they did not shed the membrane-anchored meprin β into the luminal mucus. The ileal mucus of cystic fibrosis (CF) mice with a nonfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel was recently shown to be attached to the epithelium. Addition of recombinant meprin β to CF mucus did not release the mucus, but further addition of bicarbonate rendered the CF mucus normal, suggesting that MUC2 unfolding exposed the meprin β cleavage sites. Mucus is thus secreted attached to the goblet cells and requires an enzyme, meprin β in the small intestine, to be detached and released into the intestinal lumen. This process regulates mucus properties, can be triggered by bacterial contact, and is nonfunctional in CF due to poor mucin unfolding.
Back Cover (Phys. Status Solidi A 3/2010) (2010)

ZnO with many various deep level defects emitting in the whole visible region provides a potential for the development of white light emitting diodes. In their article on pp. 748–752, Amin et al. study the current transport and trap extraction of hydrothermally grown ZnO nanotubes using a gold Schottky diode. The scanning electron microscope image on the left of the back cover picture shows recently synthesized ZnO nanotubes. The image on the right represents the cathodoluminescence spectrum obtained from ZnO nanotube Schottky contacts emitting a wide broad band in the visible region.
US-guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules: Adequacy of Cytologic Material and Procedure Time with and without Immediate Cytologic Analysis (2002)

PURPOSE: To compare the adequacy of aspirated material and procedure time when performing ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules with and without immediate cytologic analysis of the aspirated sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-one thyroid nodules were sampled for biopsy in 109 patients. In group A, results of 50 biopsies in which immediate cytologic analysis was performed were retrospectively reviewed for cytologic adequacy. In group B, 50 biopsies were performed without immediate cytologic analysis, and the procedure time was recorded. In group C, 21 biopsies were performed with immediate cytologic analysis, and the procedure time was recorded. Cytologic adequacy rates were compared by using the proportional odds model, and procedure times were compared by using linear regression to adjust for differences in the character of the nodules. RESULTS: For groups A and C (immediate cytologic analysis performed), the adequacy categories included the following results: 39 (55%) satisfactory, 15 (21%) limited, and 17 (24%) unsatisfactory. For group B (immediate cytologic analysis not performed), the adequacy categories included the following results: 25 (50%) satisfactory, 15 (30%) limited, and 10 (20%) unsatisfactory (Wald test, P = .815). The average procedure time was 12.5 minutes for group B and 44.4 minutes for group C (P < .001). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in cytologic adequacy whether immediate cytologic analysis of aspirated material was performed or not. The procedure time was significantly shorter when immediate cytologic analysis was not performed.
Noise Correlations in Dual Frequency VECSEL (2012)

We have experimentally and theoretically explored the degree of correlation of intensity noises of two orthogonally polarized modes in a dual frequency VECSEL for different values of coupling by changing spatial separation between the modes.
Generation and cycloaddition reactions of phenylthionitrile oxide. A preparation of 3-(phenylthio)- and 3-(phenylsulfonyl)-.DELTA.2-isoxazolines (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneration and cycloaddition reactions of phenylthionitrile oxide. A preparation of 3-(phenylthio)- and 3-(phenylsulfonyl)-.DELTA.2-isoxazolinesDennis P. Curran and Jyh Chyang ChaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 22, 5369–5371Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00257a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00257a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel solid‐state synthesis of dimeric 4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines (1998)

Abstract On irradiation in the solid state the 4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydroypridines 1 undergo [2+2] cycloadditon to centrosymmetric head‐to‐tail dimers 3 and 4a . The almost exclusive formation of the cage dimers 3 via the C 2 ‐symmetric syn ‐dimers 2 takes place in nearly quantitative yields, in contrast with the cycloaddition reaction of the anti ‐dimer 4a , which is accompanied by photooxidation to pyridine 5a .
13‐4: Late‐News Paper: Effect of Molecular Structure of Host Materials on Thermal Stability and Device Characteristics of Solution Processed OLEDs (2020)

The light emitting layer of organic light emitting diode (OLED) is formed by uniformly mixing host and dopant. However, phase separation is often observed during fabrication of solution processed OLEDs. In particular, phase separation due to π‐π stacking is frequently observed during thermal annealing. Hence, the materials with a high glass transition temperature (T g ) are required because phase separation accelerates during annealing process if T g is too low. To understand this phenomenon, we synthesized two host materials with similar molecular weights but different three‐dimensional connectivity which causes different rotational freedom. In both cases, when the annealing temperature rises above 120 °C, the dopant completely escaped from the EML. However, the material that does not disturb the molecular stacking order by annealing due to its limited free rotation through internal bond shows much better device characteristics even after annealing at a higher temperature than T g .
An optimized label-broadcast parallel algorithm for connected components labeling (2010)

This paper presents a simple and fast algorithm for labeling connected components in binary images, based on a parallel label-broadcast paradigm. A grid of processing units (called spiders) is used and each element is responsible for updating its label value, during a specific number of iterations. We describe the design and implementation of an embedded architecture for real-time labeling of black and white images based on FPGA technology. Since the image is divided and processed independently by processing elements, it is possible to use the proposed algorithm in an FPGA platform attached to an image sensor and have a focal plane processor circuit-like.
First clinical evaluation of somatostatin receptor antagonist imaging (2010)

483 Objectives For several years somatostatin receptor antagonists have not been considered for tumor targeting because they do not internalize into tumor cells. Ginj et al. have demonstrated that somatostatin receptor 2 (sst2) expressing cells provide significantly more binding sites for receptor antagonists than for receptor agonists (Ginj et al. PNAS 2006). Our goal was to prospectively compare sst2 antagonist (111In-DOTABASS) vs. agonist (111In-OctreoScan) imaging in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods Five patients with metastatic NETs (5 male, age 63 ± 7,1 years, 1 thyroid cancer, 4 midgut NETs) were examined with ~190 MBq 111In-OctreoScan and ~160 MBq 111In-DOTABASS 11 - 13 days apart. Whole-body planar images were obtained at 0.5, 1, 4, 24, 48 and 72h after injection of 111In-DOTABASS (111In-OctreoScan: 4 and 24h p.i.). SPECT images of the abdomen and thorax were performed at 5h p.i. For estimating the radiation dose, it was assumed that 111In-DOTABASS shows an identical biodistribution as 90Y-DOTABASS. Results No adverse-effects of ~20 μg 111In-DOTABASS were observed. In a lesion based analysis 111In-DOTABASS detected 42 lesions whereas 111In-OctreoScan detected only 24 lesions. 111In-DOTABASS showed an approximately three times higher tumor-to-kidney uptake ratio than 111In-OctreoScan. The estimated kidney (1.92 mGy/MBq), liver (0.26 mGy/MBq) and spleen (1.01 mGy/MBq) doses for 90Y-DOTABASS are less as previously reported for 90Y-DOTATOC (Forrer et al. EJNMMI 2004). Conclusions Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors with sst2 antagonists is feasible in patients. As suggested by preclinical studies, 111In-DOTABASS provided a better visualization of metastatic NETs than 111In-OctreoScan. It is likely that the antagonist approach will have significant impact on peptide receptor mediated imaging and treatment in patients
Contrast ultrasound dispersion imaging of different tumor types (2012)

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging is a promising approach for prostate cancer detection by analysis of ultrasound-contrast-agent (UCA) transport kinetics. We have recently proposed the assessment of UCA dispersion kinetics as a valuable tool for characterizing prostate cancer microvascular architectures. To this end, a convective dispersion model is fitted to measured UCA time concentration curves. In this study, spatial coherence analysis is introduced as an alternative reliable method for estimation of UCA dispersion. An analytical monotonic relation between spatial coherence and UCA dispersion is derived. Coherence analysis is therefore proposed for classification of different tumor types. To this end, DU-145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer lines are studied in mice xenograft models. These models are investigated by coherence analysis, aiming at the characterization of their microvascular architecture. The results show a good correlation between microvascular density (MVD) and the obtained UCA dispersion (coherence) maps with p-value <; 0.01, suggesting contrast ultrasound dispersion imaging as a valuable non invasive option for characterization of MVD.
Retransmission strategies for MBMS over GERAN (2005)

In this work, reliable retransmission strategies, including point-to-point (p-t-p), point-to-multipoint (p-t-M) and point-to-multipoint incremental redundancy (p-t-M-IR) are studied with special focus on their applicability to multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) over GERAN. By employing a binary OR multiple access channel (BORMAC) model, analytical expressions for the system throughput, the residual RLC/MAC block loss rate, and the residual IP-packet loss rate are derived for all investigated schemes. Furthermore, a simple NACK oriented feedback policy, which allows the utilization of a resource efficient feedback channel in cellular environments is presented. It is shown that the p-t-M-IR scheme outperforms both the p-t-p and the p-t-M retransmission scheme significantly in terms of system throughput, residual loss RLC/MAC block loss rate, as well as residual IP-packet loss rate. The throughput reduction of the p-t-M-IR scheme with increasing number of mobiles in the serving area is significantly less than with other ARQ schemes.
Toward Manufacturing of Fine Components by 3D Printing 191 (2000)

Solid Freeform Fabrication has earned its place in the industrial practice of prototyping and is beginning to have an impact in the fabrication of tooling. The next and perhaps greatest opportunity for SFF lies on the direct manufacture of components. This paper will present efforts directed toward the MANUFACTURE IN HIGH QUANTITY of small, precision components by 3D Printing. The primary focus is on ceramic and ceramic/metal components, although all metal components are envisioned as well. The production of small, fine-featured parts presents two opportunities for a new machine architecture. First, the powderbeds required for small parts are themselves small and lightweight. Thus, a machine can be designed where powderbeds move from the layer spreading station to the print station and back again. Multiple powder beds can be in play, taking full advantage of all stations of the machine. The second opportunity is to define the perimeter of the part using vector motions of a nozzle with the interior filled by raster scanning. Such an approach has the advantage that the boundary of the part will be defined as a smooth contour. Moving powderbeds and vector printing are combined in the linear shuttle-type machine for research purposes. Ultimately, a rotary machine is envisioned for high production.
Sargassum serratifolium Extract Attenuates Interleukin-1β-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Chondrocytes by Suppressing the Activation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/Akt (2018)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by irreversible articular cartilage destruction by inflammatory reaction. Among inflammatory stimuli, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to play a crucial role in OA pathogenesis by stimulating several mediators that contribute to cartilage degradation. Recently, the marine brown alga <i>Sargassum serratifolium</i> has been reported to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in microglial and human umbilical vein endothelial cell models using lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α, but its beneficial effects on OA have not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-osteoarthritic effects of ethanol extract of <i>S. serratifolium</i> (EESS) in SW1353 human chondrocytes and, in parallel, primary rat articular chondrocytes. Our results showed that EESS effectively blocked the generation of reactive oxygen species in IL-1β-treated SW1353 and rat primary chondrocytes, indicating that EESS has a potent antioxidant activity. EESS also attenuated IL-1β-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂, major inflammatory mediators in these cells, which was associated with the inhibition of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Moreover, EESS downregulated the level of gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 in SW1353 chondrocytes treated with IL-1β, resulting in their extracellular secretion reduction. In addition, the IL-1β-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was restored by EESS. Furthermore, EESS reduced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways upon IL-1β stimulation. These results indicate that EESS has the potential to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through inactivation of the NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that EESS may have the potential for chondroprotection, and extracts of <i>S. serratifolium</i> could potentially be used in the prevention and treatment of OA.
Ant Behavior and Microbial Pathogens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1993)

The effectiveness of microbial controls for pest ants can be reduced by ant behaviors. Introductions of pathogens, including nematodes, into ant nests result in behavioral responses by ants that affect infection rates to ants exposed to inocula, affect the dissemination of inocula among nestmates, and affect the dispersal of inocula outside the nest. These behaviors include grooming, secretion of antibiotics, nest hygiene, avoidance, and dispersal. Ant behaviors must be considered in developing microbial control agents. Approaches to overcoming the behavioral responses of the red imported fire ant to the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin are discussed.
New Bioactive Sesquiterpenes from Ripartites metrodii and R. tricholoma (2006)

The metabolites of two different Ripartites species, R. tricholoma (A. & S. ex Fr.) Karst. and R. metrodii Huijsm. were investigated. Three new sesquiterpenes were isolated from three different strains. In addition, the strains produced 13-oxo-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid, psathyrellon A, 5-desoxyilludosin, an illudane (previously isolated from a Bovista sp.) 96042 and demethylovalicin, five known compounds.
Electron impact ionized benzoylnitroanilines and their N‐alkyl and N‐acyl derivatives (1991)

Abstract The behaviour of some benzoylnitroanilines and their derivatives under electron impact ionization was invest gated by means of low‐resolution mass spectrometry. Some characteristic rearrangement processes are discussed.
Analysis of the Low-Frequency Noise Reduction in Si(100) Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (2011)

The low-frequency noise was already a strong limiting factor for radio frequency/analog integrated circuits and was expected to become soon for the digital ones. However, a very significant and effective reduction of the 1/ f noise level has been realized for both n- and p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by the means of two new fabrication processes, opening new horizons for the very large scale integration (VLSI) technology. Indeed, a significant reduction of more than two decades of the noise level has been achieved by implementing a new salicide structure for the source and drain contacts. Moreover, on account of a new process flow involving a newly developed plasma process for the realization of the gate oxide, one of the noise source, the induced mobility fluctuations, located in the channel and generating the 1/ f noise has been neutralized in the case of the p-MOSFETs. Furthermore, the implementation of an adapted salicide structure in addition to the plasma process will make the insulator charge fluctuations the sole noise source in these devices.
Procedural Metamaterials: A Unified Procedural Graph for Metamaterial Design (2023)

We introduce a compact, intuitive procedural graph representation for cellular metamaterials, which are small-scale, tileable structures that can be architected to exhibit many useful material properties. Because the structures’ “architectures” vary widely—with elements such as beams, thin shells, and solid bulks—it is difficult to explore them using existing representations. Generic approaches like voxel grids are versatile, but it is cumbersome to represent and edit individual structures; architecture-specific approaches address these issues, but are incompatible with one another. By contrast, our procedural graph succinctly represents the construction process for any structure using a simple skeleton annotated with spatially varying thickness. To express the highly constrained triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) in this manner, we present the first fully automated version of the conjugate surface construction method, which allows novices to create complex TPMS from intuitive input. We demonstrate our representation’s expressiveness, accuracy, and compactness by constructing a wide range of established structures and hundreds of novel structures with diverse architectures and material properties. We also conduct a user study to verify our representation’s ease-of-use and ability to expand engineers’ capacity for exploration.
Subband DCT: definition, analysis, and applications (1996)

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is well known for its highly efficient coding performance and is widely used in many image compression applications. However, in low bit rate coding, it produces undesirable block artifacts that are visually not pleasing. In addition, in many practical applications, faster computation and easier VLSI implementation of DCT coefficients are also important issues. The removal of the block artifacts and faster DCT computation are therefore of practical interest. In this paper, we investigate a modified DCT computation scheme, to be called the subband DCT (SB-DCT), that provides a simple, efficient solution to the reduction of the block artifacts while achieving faster computation. We have applied the new approach for the low bit rate coding and decoding of images. Simulation results on real images have verified the improved performance obtained using the proposed method over the standard JPEG method.
Deficient expression of the gene coding for decorin in a lethal form of Marfan syndrome. (1990)

The markedly decreased level of the messenger RNA of decorin, an abundant dermatan/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was found in the skin fibroblast culture of a lethally sick Marfan infant. Also, the amount of decorin polypeptide in the culture medium of the fibroblasts of this infant was markedly decreased. When the effect of interleukin-1 beta on the transcription of decorin was tested in these fibroblasts, the response was deficient as compared to control fibroblasts whereas transcription of type I and III collagen genes and versican was stimulated normally. The decreased decorin mRNA level, unresponsive to interleukin-1 beta in this lethally sick Marfan patient, stresses the significance of this proteoglycan in the formation of normal connective tissue. Furthermore, the low expression of this gene could be responsible for the connective tissue findings in this patient, representing a rare type of Marfan syndrome. The identical finding in three other, unrelated Marfan individuals suggests a more general significance of deficient decorin expression in this disease.
Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Pyrolysis Pressure on Gasification Rate of Woody Biomass-derived Char (2010)

This paper reports on the relationship between biomass char property and gasification reactivity. The gasification kinetics of biomass char has been revealed by measuring the rate of weight loss during reaction with CO2, as a function of temperature. First-order kinetic rate constants are determined by fitting the weight loss data using a random pore model. The relationship between char structure and CO2 gasification reactivity was investigated in the range of 873 to 1073K (pyrolysis temperature), and 0.1 to 3.0 Mpa (pyrolysis pressure) at 1073K. The experimental results indicate that the reactivity of the biomass char is determined by pyrolysis condition. The gasification rate of biomass char decreases with increasing pyrolysis temperature. This is due to promotions of carbonization and dehydrogenation of biomass char. The CO2 gasification rates in char generated at 0.1 MPa exhibited approximately twice values compared to those at 3.0 MPa. This is because the uniformity of carbonaceous structure rises with increasing pyrolysis pressure. The uniformity of carbonaceous structures would affect the CO2 gasification reactivity, and the decreasing uniformity would lead to the progression of cavities on the char surface during the CO2 gasification process.