gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial purification and characterization of a tumor necrosis factor‐α converting activity (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is initially synthesized as an extracellular membrane-associated 26-kDa protein that is further cleaved at Ala76-Val77 to yield the soluble 17-kDa form. Recently, peptide-hydroxamate metalloproteinase inhibitors have been reported to block the proteolytic processing of TNF-alpha, thus suggesting that the putative TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) is a zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidase. In this report, we characterize a TNF-alpha converting activity (TACA) that cleaves in vitro the human 26-kDa TNF-alpha at the physiological processing site. The chromatography steps followed for purification and the use of a panel of proteinase inhibitors indicate that the enzyme responsible for TACA is a membrane glycosylated metalloendopeptidase which is most likely different from the matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. The failure of TACA to process a Val77-->Gly77 precursor mutant emphasizes the importance of hydrophobic residue at P1' position. In addition, TACA is not able to cleave the mouse pro-TNF-alpha and does not catalyze in vitro the processing of other transmembrane proteins susceptible to metalloproteinase-mediated shedding, such as interleukin-6 or TNF receptors. These studies suggest the existence of an enzyme specific for TNF-alpha within the metalloproteinases involved in the processing/shedding of a number of cytokines and cytokine receptors.
Intraindividual Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison of Gadopentetate Dimeglumine and Gadobutrol in Time-Resolved Contrast-Enhanced 4-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Minipigs (2014)

A more compact bolus shape was observed after administration of gadobutrol compared with gadopentetate dimeglumine in minipigs. This was demonstrated both in 4D-MRA, where Gd concentration, relaxivity, and the image-acquisition technique play a role, and in CT, where the signal intensity depends only on the Gd concentration. The overall image quality was rated higher in examinations with 1.0 M gadobutrol than with 0.5 M gadopentetate dimeglumine.
Obinutuzumab plus bendamustine in previously untreated patients with CLL: a subgroup analysis of the GREEN study (2018)

GREEN (NCT01905943) is a non-randomized, open-label phase IIIb study investigating obinutuzumab alone or plus chemotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We report a preplanned subgroup analysis of 158 previously untreated CLL patients receiving obinutuzumab-bendamustine (G-B). Patients received six 28-day cycles (C) of G-B: obinutuzumab day (D)1/D2 of C1 (25 mg D1/975 mg D2), 1000 mg D8 and D15 of C1, and D1 of C2-6; and bendamustine 70/90 mg/m<sup>2</sup> D1 and D2 of C1-6. The primary endpoint was safety/tolerability. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 82.3% of patients, including neutropenia (49.4%), thrombocytopenia (12.0%) and febrile neutropenia (10.8%). Serious AEs included neutropenia (12.7%), febrile neutropenia (9.5%) and pneumonia (7.6%). Rates of grade ≥3 infections and infusion-related reactions were 20.3% and 17.1%, respectively. Due to tumor lysis syndrome (TLS; 8.2%), including two associated fatalities (one in another study cohort), additional risk-minimization measures were implemented. Overall response rate was 81.0%. After 32.8 months' median observation time, 2-year progression-free survival was 81.8%. Minimal residual disease was undetectable in 59.5% (94/158) and 27.8% (44/158) of patients for blood and bone marrow, respectively. Frontline G-B appears to have manageable toxicity with clinical activity in CLL. Careful TLS risk assessment, pretreatment and monitoring is required.
Charge trapping and scattering in epitaxial graphene (2011)

The Hall mobility and corresponding density of charge carriers in epitaxial graphene exhibit unexpectedly strong temperature dependence. This behavior is attributed to charge traps in the silicon carbide substrate that have a characteristic binding energy of approximately 70 meV. The electrostatic screening associated with these traps and the corresponding carrier transport behavior are investigated, as is transport at low densities, where the mobility sharply increases. The mobility at high carrier densities can be satisfactorily described by invoking Coulomb and short-range scattering. Scatterer transparency in the long-wavelength limit is suggested to occur in the low density regime, resulting in an abrupt mobility increase.
Cylindrical chains of water drops condensing on microstructured lubricant-infused surfaces (2016)

We studied the condensation of water drops on a micro-structured lubricant-infused surfaces. Hierarchical micro-prism surfaces were fabricated by soft imprinting with wet TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle paste. After hydrophobization, the patterned surfaces were infused with silicone oil as a lubricant. When cooling at high humidity (over 80%), water drops nucleate and start growing on the surface. Once they have reached a certain size, the drops at neighboring channels of the micro-prisms attract each other and spontaneously form cylindrical chains. These chains of drops align perpendicular to the prism array. The morphology and the length-to-width ratio of the chains of drops depend on the thickness of the lubricant layer. This new concept of water drop alignment on lubricant-infused surfaces offers a new route for pattern formation with condensed drops.
Real Time NDE of Cold Spray Processing Using Acoustic Emission (2015)

As interest continues to grow in Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes, the inspection challenges that arise in this class of material need to be addressed. This must be balanced by considering cost and finding defects as soon as feasible in the process to minimize downstream production impacts. As a means to consider defect detection as early as possible, acoustic emission (AE) was used to monitor the cold spray powder deposition process. The concept was to observe the article being coated for the acoustic signature of internal cracking or interface delamination, resulting in a quick and cost-effective means to detect problems during cold spray parameter development and ultimately during production. Real time monitoring was used to delineate between particle impacts and more significant events such as delamination and internal cracking. The results of this study show that AE can be used to monitor processes in extremely noisy environments. Opportunities for extension to other additive manufacturing processes will be discussed.
Identification and Characterization of a New Mammalian Glutaredoxin (Thioltransferase), Grx2 (2001)

A thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase component of the GSH system, glutaredoxin (Grx), is involved in the reduction of GSH-based mixed disulfides and participates in a variety of cellular redox pathways. A single cytosolic Grx (Grx1) was previously described in mammals. We now report identification and characterization of a second mammalian Grx, designated Grx2. Grx2 exhibited 36% identity with Grx1 and had a disulfide active center containing the Cys-Ser-Tyr-Cys motif. Grx2 was encoded in the genomes of mammals and birds and expressed in a variety of cell types. The gene for human Grx2 consisted of four exons and three introns, spanned 10 kilobase pairs, and localized to chromosome 1q31.2-31.3. The coding sequence was present in all exons, with the first exon encoding a mitochondrial signal peptide. The mitochondrial leader sequence was also present in mouse and rat Grx2 sequences and was shown to direct either Grx2 or green fluorescent protein to mitochondria. Alternative splicing forms of mammalian Grx2 mRNAs were identified that differed in sequences upstream of exon 2. To functionally characterize the new protein, human and mouse Grx2 proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified proteins were shown to reduce mixed disulfides formed between GSH and S-sulfocysteine, hydroxyethyldisulfide, or cystine. Grx1 and Grx2 were sensitive to inactivation by iodoacetamide and H(2)O(2) and exhibited similar pH dependence of catalytic activity. However, H(2)O(2)-inactivated Grx2 could only be reactivated with 5 mm GSH, whereas Grx1 could also be reactivated with dithiothreitol or thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase. The Grx2 structural model suggested a common reaction mechanism for this class of proteins. The data provide the first example of a mitochondrial Grx and also indicate the occurrence of a second functional Grx in mammals.
Composition and Sequence Studies Show that A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 Haemagglutinin (Hav7) Belongs to the Hong Kong (H3) Subtype (1981)

The haemagglutinin chains HA1 and HA2 from the avian influenza virus A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 (Hav7, Neq2) have been subjected to amino acid analysis and N-terminal sequencing. Automated sequenator analysis of HA1 (40 cycles), after enzymic removal of the N-terminal pyroglutamic acid blocking group, and HA2 (43 cycles) showed that the Hav7 haemagglutinin closely resembled the human Hong Kong (H3) haemagglutinins including the presence of the characteristic extended 10 residue sequence at the N-terminus of HA1. These findings, together with the amino acid compositions for both chains, demonstrate that the Hav7 haemagglutinin is structurally similar to the Hong Kong (H3) haemagglutinins.
Algorithms and Approximation Schemes for Machine Scheduling Problems (1999)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Characterization of a Novel Prostate Tumor-Associated Antigen (2019)

The murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) TURP-27 and HNK-1 have been shown to detect antigens that are heavily expressed by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and carcinoma of the prostate (CaP). Western blot analysis of prostate extracts, showed that MAb TURP-27 and MAb HNK-1 bound glycoproteins of 180, 140, 120, 100, 90 and 69 kDa. Studies have shown that the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope may be involved in cell adhesion and that it is a component of several characterized adhesion proteins. TURP-27 was found to bind at least three of these adhesion proteins: neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAM), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and a second myelin glycoprotein, P0. Western blot analysis of prostate extracts showed that an anti-N-CAM serum bound the 180 and 140 kDa proteins. On the basis of reciprocal blocking and chemical tests, it was determined that the TURP-27 and HNK-1 epitopes are not identical. These data imply that the TURP-27 epitope may be a variant of the HNK-1 epitope or that the two epitopes are closely linked, and that the TURP-27 and HNK-1 epitopes on prostate cells are positioned on N-CAM like proteins.
Benthic Community Development in Limestone Beds of the Waynesville (Upper Dillsboro) Formation (Cincinnatian Series, Upper Ordovician) of Southeastern Indiana (1979)

ABSTRACT Vertical and lateral changes in composition occur within 13 individual limestone beds of the Waynesville (Upper Dillsboro) Formation (Upper Ordovician) near Brookville, Indiana. Fossil allochems formed approximately 40%. and carbonate ooze 60% of the original carbonate sediment, with later conversion of most of the ooze to microspar and pseudospar. The relative abundances of individual constituents, however, vary between the top, center, bottom, and margins of each limestone bed. The centers of the beds are distinguished from the tops, bottoms, and margins of beds using certain variables and discriminant function analysis. Variables important in separation include neomorphic sparry calcite and echinoderms within the bed centers, and micrite, bryozoans, and brachiopods within the tops, bottoms, and margins of beds. An increase in faunal diversity from the bottoms to the centers of beds indicates rapid community succession. A decrease in faunal diversity from the centers to the tops of the limestone beds indicates community degradation. The writers propose that a subtidal, terrigenous mud substrate was colonized by thin, flat, brachiopods (Onniella). The accumulation of these valves provided a pavement upon which erect bryozoans could grow. Further stabilization of the substrate allowed crinoids to become established. A wave-current baffle was produced in the denser parts of the community by the abundant growth of bryozoans and crinoids creating low energy conditions favorable for the simultaneous accumulation of unsorted allochems and ooze. The community spread laterally as skeletal debris swept from atop the growing centers stabilized the peripheral muds. Carbonate accumulation terminated when mobilized, muddy, bottom sediment, thrown into suspension under storm conditions, settled and smothered the community. The model proposed for the accumulation of the carbonate sediments is independent of bottom topography and conditions of accumulation of terrigenous mud.
Ellipsometric Study Of ZnO/Ag/ZnO Optical Coatings: Determination Of Layer Thicknesses And Optical Constants (1987)

Variable angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to study the ZnO/Ag/ZnO (dielectric-metal-dielectric) optical coatings. As a result, the three layer thicknesses, the optical constants of the ZnO layers (3000-8000 W), and the optical constants of the Ag layers (3500-8000 &Aring;) measured on three coated glass samples are reported here. The thickness measurements obtained by ellipsometry agreed with those determined from cross sectional TEM photos well within the error margins of the two techniques. In addition, the spectral dependence of the index of refraction of the silver layers were characterized by oscillations absent in the bulk silver optical data, and likely due to the generation of surface and bulk plasmons.
Effects of process time and thread on tensile shear strength of Al alloy lap joint produced by friction stir spot welding (2010)

In automotive applications, friction stir spot welding (FSSW) has been practically used in the construction of aluminium car bodies. In this study, the weld strength and factors governing the weld strength in the friction stir spot welded aluminium alloy 6061-T6 were examined. The weld strength increased with the process time during FSSW up to 3 s, beyond which it decreased. The fracture path changed from the lapped interface into the shoulder edge as the process time increased, and the maximum strength was obtained at the process time when the transition of the fracture path occurred. The cross-sectional microstructure depended on the threads on the probe surface, i.e. the elliptical zone was formed in the stir zone by the threads, but an effect of the thread on the weld strength was hardly found. The present study suggests that the weld strength was strongly related to the size of the well-consolidated region, which was larger than the elliptical zone observed in the vicinity of the exit hole.
Highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing and gain nonlinearity in a strained multiple-quantum-well optical amplifier (1993)

Highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing was investigated in a 1.5 μm compressively strained multi-quantum-well semiconductor traveling-wave optical amplifier at detuning frequencies up to 600 GHz. A gain nonlinearity with a characteristic relaxation time of 650 fs was determined from the data, and the nonlinear gain coefficient was estimated to be 4.3×10−23 m3. Dynamic carrier heating is believed to be the major source of nonlinear gain in this device at the wavelengths investigated.
Results of Treatment of Infected Humeral Nonunions: The Mayo Clinic Experience (2003)

Between 1987 and 2001, 15 infected humeral nonunions were treated of which nine were distal, four were proximal, and two were midshaft. One patient was lost to followup. The remaining 14 patients were followed up for a mean of 37 months (range, 8-156 months). All patients were treated with debridement and intravenous antibiotics. Ten patients had surgical attempts at achieving bony union: external fixation (four patients), plating (two patients), external fixation and plating (two patients), tension band wiring (one patient), and bone grafting with shoulder spica casting (one patient). Three patients were treated definitively with a functional brace because of low functional demands and one patient had resection arthroplasty followed by delayed total elbow arthroplasty. Of the 10 nonunions treated with surgical attempts at achieving bony union, only seven healed. None of those nonunions in patients treated with a functional brace healed. At final followup, 12 of 14 patients had minimal or no pain and two patients had moderate pain, both with ununited fractures. Complications included one seroma and two cases of posttraumatic elbow stiffness for which the patients required capsular release. This study documents the challenges in achieving bony union in the infected humeral nonunion in contradistinction to the predictable union rates reported for aseptic humeral nonunions. Although pain relief was predictable in most patients, functional results generally were poor and bony union was difficult to obtain.
Microwave Tomographic Imaging of the Heart in Intact Swine (2006)

Abstract Microwave tomography is a new imaging modality based on differentiation of tissue dielectric properties. The main objective of our research project is to develop a microwave tomographic approach for non-invasive assessment of functional viability of myocardial tissue, including detection of infarcted tissue. Imaging of the heart in intact, euthanized animals is the first step towards this objective. When microwave tomography is used to image the thorax of intact animals, it faces two major problems: — the structural complexity of the rib area with high reflection of electromagnetic (EM) radiation from its boundaries, and the potential for high reflection of EM radiation from the lung, filled with air. In addition, when a targeted object (a heart in our case) is located inside of a larger high scattered object (a torso), the level of EM field scattered by the internal object has to be technically detectable from the stronger EM field scattered by torso. The goal of this research study is to evaluate the degree of complexity of these problems, to understand some technical requirements for clinically applicable MWT system and to demonstrate the feasibility of microwave tomography for imaging of the heart in intact mammals using a swine model. Experiments were conducted on pigs (Yorkshire Domestic Cross/Farm Pigs) using a modified three-dimensional (3D) microwave tomographic (MWT) system operating at frequency 0.9 GHz. The presence of the heart in torso changes the amplitude of EM field by about 10–20% and changes the phase of EM field by about 7–10 degrees (mean absolute differences). Microwave tomographic images of swine torso and intact euthanized animals were obtained and discussed. Images reveal intra-torso and organ anatomy, including the heart and left ventricular chamber.
Antibody and immune complexes induce tissue factor production by human endothelial cells. (1986)

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased incidence of arterial and venous thromboses. The mechanism by which thromboses develop in these patients is unknown. We had previously observed that the sera of patients with SLE contain antibodies and immune complexes that can bind to endothelial cells. Because endothelial cells can synthesize tissue factor, a potent activator of coagulation, we studied the effect of IgG complexes and sera from patients with SLE on the production of tissue factor by these cells. Human umbilical venous endothelial cells incubated with heat-aggregated IgG (HA-IgG) (0.5 to 4.0 mg) elaborate procoagulant activity in a dose-dependent manner. All procoagulant activity was found in the particulate cell fraction, and none was secreted into the medium. Maximum expression of procoagulant activity required 6 to 8 hr, and its production was totally inhibited by the addition of cyclohexamide or actinomycin D. The presence of gel-filtered platelets augmented production of procoagulant activity by endothelial cells stimulated by HA-IgG. Endothelial cell procoagulant activity was not inactivated by diisofluoropropylphosphate, required the presence of Factor VII for its expression, and was neutralized by a specific anti-tissue factor antibody. Endothelial cells incubated with sera from 14 of 16 patients with SLE produced increased amounts of tissue factor compared with 21 normal sera (p less than 0.025). Fractions of two SLE sera containing monomeric IgG, IgA, or IgM, as well as fractions containing IgG complexes, each stimulated endothelial cells to produce more tissue factor than similar fractions prepared from two normal sera. These studies demonstrate that endothelial cells will produce the procoagulant tissue factor after exposure to anti-endothelial cell antibodies or IgG-containing immune complexes. The production of tissue factor by endothelial cells at sites of immune vascular injury may play a role in the development of thromboses in patients with SLE.
Trade-Off Between NOx and N2O in Fluidized-Bed Combustion of Coals (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrade-Off Between NOx and N2O in Fluidized-Bed Combustion of CoalsJ. R. Pels, M. A. Wojtowicz, F. Kapteijn, and J. A. MoulijnCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 5, 743–752Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00053a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00053a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
WFA controls gel contraction properties in a cell-passage dependent manner. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Representative images of RbCF2 and RbCF8 cells embedded in collagen type I gels and treated with TGF-β1 (2 ng/ml) for 2 days in presence or absence of different doses of WFA. Gels were then fixed and images were captured at 2X magnification. (B) Quantification of gel contractile activity. Images from (A) were used to arbitrarily measure the collagen area in each well using ImageJ program (n = 8 wells/treatment). (C) Immunohistochemistry of RbCF2 and RbCF8 cells cultured on slides and stained with α-SMA (red), anti-vimentin (green) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 215 μm at 10X magnification. (D) Western blot analysis of RbCF2 and RbCF8 cells for α-SMA expression. Cells were trypsinized and plated for 30 min and then treated with 1 μM WFA for 30 min or treated with WFA at time of plating for 1 h. Blots were probed with anti-α-SMA and FLNA antibodies used as loading control.&lt;/p&gt;