gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
γH2AX and p53 responses in TK6 cells discriminate promutagens and nongenotoxicants in the presence of rat liver S9 (2016)

Previous work with a diverse set of reference chemicals suggests that an in vitro multiplexed flow cytometry-based assay (MultiFlow™ DNA Damage Kit-p53, γH2AX, Phospho-Histone H3) can distinguish direct-acting clastogens and aneugens from nongenotoxicants (Bryce SM et al. []: Environ Mol Mutagen 57:171-189). This work extends this line of investigation to include compounds that require metabolic activation to form reactive electrophiles. For these experiments, TK6 cells were exposed to 11 promutagens and 37 presumed nongenotoxicants in 96 well plates. Unless precipitation or foreknowledge about cytotoxicity suggested otherwise, the highest concentration was 1 mM. Exposure occurred for 4 hr after which time cells were washed to remove S9 and test article. Immediately following the wash and again at 24 hr, cell aliquots were added to wells of a microtiter plate containing the working detergent/stain/antibody cocktail. After a brief incubation, robotic sampling was employed for walk-away flow cytometric data acquisition. Univariate logistic regression analyses indicated that γH2AX induction and p53 activation provide the greatest degree of discrimination between clastogens and nongenotoxicants. Multivariate prediction algorithms that incorporated both of these endpoints, in each combination of time points, were evaluated. The best performing models correctly predicted 9 clastogens out of 11 and 36 nongenotoxicants out of 37. These results are encouraging as they suggest that an efficient and highly scalable multiplexed assay can effectively identify clastogenic chemicals that require bioactivation. More work is planned with a broader range of chemicals, additional cell lines, and other laboratories to further evaluate the merits and limitations of this approach. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:546-558, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reverberation-Chamber Test Environment for Outdoor Urban Wireless Propagation Studies (2010)

We introduce a test environment to replicate the well-known clustering of reflections in power delay profiles arising from late-time delays and reflections. Urban wireless propagation environments are known to exhibit such clustering. The test setup combines discrete reflections generated by a fading simulator with the continuous distribution of reflections created in a reverberation chamber. We describe measurements made in an urban environment in Denver, CO, that illustrate these multiple distributions of reflections. Our comparison of measurements made in the urban environment to those made in the new test environment shows good agreement.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach for the Synthesis of Polyquinones via the Weiss Reaction. Part 14. Synthesis of Ellacene (1,10‐Decanotriquinacene) and Studies of the Proposed Dimerization to a Substituted Dodecahedrane. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamic network service optimization in distributed cloud networks (2016)

Distributed cloud networking enables the deployment of network services in the form of interconnected virtual network functions instantiated over general purpose hardware at multiple cloud locations distributed across the network. The service distribution problem has been previously considered as a static global optimization problem of finding the placement of virtual functions and the routing of network flows that meet a given set of demands with minimum cost. In this paper, motivated by the scale, dynamics, and heterogeneity of network services in distributed cloud networks, we address the design of distributed online solutions that provide global objective guarantees via local interactions without knowledge of the statistics of service demands. We characterize the cloud network capacity region and propose a distributed joint flow scheduling and resource allocation algorithm that stabilizes the underlying queuing system within this region, while achieving arbitrarily close to minimum average network cost, with a tradeoff in network delay. Numerical results confirm our theoretical analysis and demonstrate remarkably good convergence to the optimal cloud network configuration within a number of network settings.
Effect of Metal Oxide–Support Interactions on Ethylene Oligomerization over Nickel Oxide/Silica–Alumina Catalysts (2019)

We investigated the interactions between nickel oxide and silica–alumina supports, which were applied to the catalytic oligomerization of ethylene by powder X-ray diffraction, UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalytic activity was also correlated with the acidity of catalysts determined by NH3 temperature-programmed desorption and pyridine FT-IR spectroscopy. Although all the catalysts had similar Ni contents, their catalytic performances were strongly influenced by the strength of the metal oxide–support interaction. Strong interaction promoted the formation of nickel aluminate on the catalyst surface, and resulted in low catalytic activity due to reducing the amount of nickel oxide active sites. However, weak interaction favored the aggregation of nickel oxide species into larger particles, and thus resulted in low ethylene conversion and selectivity to oligomers. Eventually, the optimal activity was realized at the medium interaction strength, preserving a high amount of both active nickel oxides and acid sites.
Randomized, double blind study of non-excitatory, cardiac contractility modulation electrical impulses for symptomatic heart failure (2008)

In patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, CCM signals appear safe; exercise tolerance and quality of life (MLWHFQ) were significantly better while patients were receiving active treatment with CCM for a 3-month period.
Analysis of Atomistic-to-Continuum (AtC) Coupling Methods. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Observation of current‐density filamentation in multilayer structures by EBIC measurements (1995)

Abstract The total current‐voltage characteristics of the p + ‐n + ‐p‐n − and n + ‐p‐n‐p − diodes under investigation show branches of negative differential resistance. Accompanied by the appearance of negative differential resistance is a filamentation of current‐density and electric‐field distribution. Electron beam‐induced current (EBIC) measurements were used to examine the properties of filamentation from the point of view of self‐organized pattern formation. Besides the detection of the spatial distribution of the electric field, EBIC measurements give information on current‐density filamentation. Furthermore, the perturbation by the electron beam gives information on the dynamic behavior of the filamentary structure.
Detection of mixed infections with Mycobacterium lentiflavum and Mycobacterium avium by molecular genotyping methods (2005)

Three mycobacterial isolates, one from the blood of an HIV-infected patient and two consecutive isolates from a woman with unknown HIV status, had been identified as belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex by conventional procedures. In both patients, using genetic analysis procedures such as PCR-restriction enzyme analysis (PRA) of the hsp65 gene, a commercially available reverse hybridization-based assay (INNO-LiPA mycobacteria) and/or sequencing analysis of the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the presence of Mycobacterium lentiflavum was also demonstrated. At the time of detection, both cases were also infected with M. avium, suggesting an underestimation of infection with M. lentiflavum and co-infection with different Mycobacterium species.
Laban Movement Analysis applied to Human-Computer Interaction (2020)

This paper presents a state-of-the-art review in Hu- man Computer Interaction (HCI), where the Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) method is used to analyze and describe the qualitative aspects of humen gestures and movements. Composed by Shape, Body, Space and Effort, the later is fundamental in research regarding body movements. From the 48 selected papers analyzed, we conclude that the characteristics found in LMA components can be used to parameterize body movements and relate them to emotions and intentions.
Organic Thin‐Film Transistors: Thiazole Imide‐Based All‐Acceptor Homopolymer: Achieving High‐Performance Unipolar Electron Transport in Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (Adv. Mater. 10/2018) (2018)

An all-acceptor homopolymer is synthesized by Xugang Guo and co-workers, as described in article number 1705745, using a novel electron-deficient thiazole imide, which enables high-performance unipolar n-type organic thin-film transistors with a remarkable electron mobility (1.6 cm2 V−1 s−1). The superior transistor performance demonstrates that the all-acceptor approach is highly promising in constructing intrinsic n-type organic semiconductors.
<title>PORSCHA: a novel homogeneous assay for detection of DNA/RNA</title> (1995)

A novel assay, Pi Overlapping Ring Systems Contained in a Homogeneous Assay (PORSCHA), has been developed which relies upon the change in fluorescent spectral properties that pyrene and its derivatives show as a function of their proximity. When two pyrene rings are sufficiently close such that their pi-systems can overlap during the excited lifetime, an excimer emission centered at 480 nm is observed. When the pi-systems are too far apart for overlap, only monomer emission is observed at 378 nm and 396 nm. Only Angstrom changes in distances are necessary to switch from excimer to monomer emission. Due to its many degrees of freedom, single-stranded DNA adopts a random-coil conformation in solution. When labeled with two pyrene fluorophores and upon binding to its complimentary strand, the excimer intensity changes because the pyrenes may be either closer together or farther apart, corresponding to the reduced degrees of freedom of the double helix. Because the probe does not disturb the system and no separation steps are necessary before detecting the DNA binding, completely reversible, in situ, detection of DNA is possible.
ChemInform Abstract: Peripherally Restricted CB1 Receptor Blockers (2013)

Abstract Review: 85 refs.
Evaluation of chest radiography,lytAreal-time PCR, and other routine tests for diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia and estimation of possible attributable fraction of pneumococcus in northern Togo (2016)

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), yet existing diagnostic tools remain inadequate. We aimed to evaluate laboratory and radiological methods for detecting pneumococcal aetiology in CAP patients and to estimate Spn prevalence in this group. All-aged patients hospitalized with clinically defined CAP in northern Togo were enrolled during 2010-2013. Latent class analysis pooled results of semi-automated blood culture (SABC), whole blood lytA real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and chest radiography (CXR) and categorized patients as likely pneumococcal or non-pneumococcal CAP. We enrolled 1684 patients; 1501 had results for all tests. CXR, SABC, lytA rt-PCR and CRP >71·2 mg/l had sensitivities of 94% [95% confidence interval (CI) 87-100], 13% (95% CI 10-16), 17% (95% CI 14-21) and 78% (95% CI 75-80), and specificities of 88% (95% CI 84-93), 100% (95% CI 99-100), 97% (95% CI 96-99) and 77% (95% CI 75-79), respectively. Pneumococcal attributable proportion was 34% (95% CI 32-37), increasing with age and in men. We estimated that Spn caused one third of CAP. Whole blood lytA rt-PCR was more sensitive than SABC; both had low sensitivity and high specificity. Conversely CXR was highly sensitive and reasonably specific; it could be a useful tool for epidemiological studies aiming to define Spn pneumonia incidence across all ages.
New cuts for width-extensional mode quartz crystal resonators (2003)

Various characteristics for a width-extensional mode quartz crystal resonator are described. A new cut for a width-extensional mode quartz crystal resonator, the KT-cut, is proposed, and its frequency characteristics, frequency temperature behavior, and electrical characteristics are clarified. A frequency equation is derived under the conditions that width X/sub 0/ is much larger than thickness Z/sub 0/ but much smaller than length Y/sub 0/ by solving partial differential equations for a new shape GT cut quartz crystal resonator with a variational principle. The modified shape for the resonator is referred to as the GT resonator. From this equation, relationships of resonant frequency versus width X/sub 0/ and the first- and second-order temperature coefficients alpha , beta versus a cut angle theta are analyzed theoretically. Series resistance R/sub 1/ and a quality factor Q are examined in the frequency range of approximately 8.7 to 32 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Stent (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Equilibrium between homocub-1(9)-ene and homocub-9-ylidene (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium between homocub-1(9)-ene and homocub-9-ylideneNing Chen, Maitland Jones Jr., Walter R. White, and Matthew S. PlatzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 13, 4981–4992Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00013a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00013a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
11.2 dB SBS gain suppression in a large mode area Yb-doped optical fiber (2008)

11.2 dB suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an Yb-doped, Al/Ge co-doped large mode area (LMA) gain fiber is demonstrated with a ramp-like acoustic index profile exhibiting an acoustic index contrast of 0.09 and acoustic index slope of 0.01/&mu;m.
Synthesis and characterization of new cardo polyimides prepared from 5,5-Bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-4,7-methanohexahydroindane (1999)

A new cardo diamine monomer, 5,5-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-4,7-methanohexahydroindane (II), was prepared in two steps with high yield. The monomer was reacted with six different aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) to obtain the corresponding cardo polyimides via the poly(amic acid) precursors and thermal or chemical imidization. All the poly(amic acid)s could be cast from their DMAc solutions and thermally converted into transparent, flexible, and tough polyimide films which were further characterized by x-ray and mechanical analysis. All of the polymers were amorphous and the polyimide films had a tensile strength range of 89–123 MPa, an elongation at break range of 6–10%, and a tensile modulus range of 1.9–2.5 GPa. Polymers Vc, Ve, and Vf exhibited good solubility in a variety of solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), DMAc, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), pyridine, γ-butyrolactone, and even in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. These polyimides showed glass-transition temperatures between 274 and 299°C and decomposition temperatures at 10% mass loss temperatures ranging from 490 to 521°C and 499 to 532°C in nitrogen and air atmospheres, respectively. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2815–2821, 1999
Single molecule studies reveal branched pathways for activator-dependent assembly of RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complexes (2021)

SUMMARY RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription reconstituted from purified factors suggests pre-initiation complexes (PICs) can assemble by sequential incorporation of factors at the TATA box. However, these basal transcription reactions are generally independent of activators and co-activators. To study PIC assembly under more realistic conditions, we used single-molecule microscopy to visualize factor dynamics during activator-dependent reactions in nuclear extracts. Surprisingly, Pol II, TFIIF, and TFIIE can pre-assemble on enhancer-bound activators before loading into PICs, and multiple Pol II complexes can bind simultaneously to create a localized cluster. Unlike TFIIF and TFIIE, TFIIH binding is singular and dependent on the basal promoter. Activator-tethered factors exhibit dwell times on the order of seconds. In contrast, PICs can persist on the order of minutes in the absence of nucleotide triphosphates, although TFIIE remains unexpectedly dynamic even after TFIIH incorporation. Our kinetic measurements lead to a new branched model for activator-dependent PIC assembly. HIGHLIGHTS Single molecule microscopy reveals unexpected dynamics of RNA Pol II and GTFs Multiple Pol IIs cluster on UAS/enhancer-bound activators before binding the core promoter Pol II, TFIIF, and TFIIE, but not TFIIH, can pre-assemble at the UAS/enhancer Activators increase the rates of Pol II and GTF association with DNA eTOC Blurb Single-molecule microscopy experiments by Baek et al. show that RNA polymerase II and basal transcription factors TFIIF and TFIIE preassemble on UAS/enhancer-bound activators, poised for loading into initiation complexes with TFIIH at the core promoter. Transcription activators kinetically enhance factor recruitment, creating a localized cluster of polymerases at the UAS/enhancer.
Sesterterpenoid and Steroid Metabolites from a Deep-Water Alaska Sponge Inhibit Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells (2018)

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is known to play critical roles in a wide range of cellular processes: cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and embryonic development. Importantly, dysregulation of this pathway is tightly associated with pathogenesis in most human cancers. Therefore, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has emerged as a promising target in anticancer drug screening programs. In the present study, we have isolated three previously unreported metabolites from an undescribed sponge, a species of <i>Monanchora</i> (Order Poecilosclerida, Family <i>Crambidae</i>), closely related to the northeastern Pacific species <i>Monanchora pulchra</i>, collected from deep waters off the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. Through an assortment of NMR, MS, ECD, computational chemical shifts calculation, and DP4, chemical structures of these metabolites have been characterized as spirocyclic ring-containing sesterterpenoid (<b>1</b>) and cholestane-type steroidal analogues (<b>2</b> and <b>3</b>). These compounds exhibited the inhibition of β-catenin response transcription (CRT) through the promotion of β-catenin degradation, which was in part implicated in the antiproliferative activity against two CRT-positive colon cancer cell lines.
EFFECTS OF SELECTIVE CD28:B7-1 BLOCKADE IN ACUTE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1998)

99 CTLA4Ig is a molecule that inhibits the CD28:B7 costimulation pathway by binding to both known forms of B7, B7-1 and B7-2. This compound has been shown to induce permanent graft acceptance in a number of transplant models. It has been suggested that both B7-1 and B7-2 may have different roles with regard to their signaling functions, and signaling through either ligand alone may lead to alternate immune responses. We are now studying the effects and mechanisms of selective B7-1 blockade in a fully allogeneic cardiac transplant model in vivo. LEW rats were challenged with WF cardiac allografts. Treatment with a single dose of 0.5 mg of CTLA4Ig + DST (4×107 donor spleen cells iv.) at the time of engraftment induces permanent graft acceptance in 50% of the recipients (n=12). In the same protocol, administration of Y100F, a“mutant“ form of CTLA4Ig, which selectively binds to B7-1 but spares B7-2, could not prevent acute allograft rejection (MST 10.3±2.3 days, n=6). Control animals typically reject their grafts within seven days. Cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed in cardiac allograft recipients receiving CTLA4g or Y100F in conjunction with DST. On day 7 after engraftment, the mixed-lymphocyte-response revealed minimal donor-specific reactivity in CTLA4Ig treated animals (Relative Response: 0.05 against WF, 0.4 against BN) compared to unmodified rejecting controls. In contrast, lymphocytes from Y100F treated animals proliferated significantly against donor cells (Relative Response: 0.4 against WF, 0.7 against BN). Although reduced when compared to controls (39.1% lysis), an anti-donor cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte generation (CTL) response in Y100F treated animals was detectable (17.8% lysis), while donor-specific cytotoxicity was almost completely abrogated in CTLA4Ig treated animals (7.4% lysis). CTLA4Ig treatment prevented the development of significant donor-specific IgM and IgG allo-antibody responses, whereas Y100F treated recipients as well as unmodified rejecting controls developed significant IgM and IgG allo-antibodies at the timepoint of graft loss. These data indicate that the selective blockade of B7-1 alone is not sufficient to abrogate cellular and humoral immune responses leading to acute allograft rejection. The combined blockade of B7-1 and B7-2 is necessary to direct the immune response towards hyporesponsiveness and promote long term graft acceptance.