gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of glass Na content on adhesional strength of PV modules (2003)

Effect of reduction of soda-ash content and more effective fixing of sodium in superstrate sodalime glass surface on durability of PV modules was studied. Damp-heat acceleration-tested PV modules having higher soda-ash content glass or normal SO/sub 2/-treated glass were most severely stained. Their adhesional strength was the lowest and delamination was most severe. High concentrations of impurities correlated with regions of delamination. Increasing the intensity of SO/sub 2/ treatment reduced the surface roughness, degree of staining, powder formation, and delamination; and increased the adhesional strength. The best approach is to reduce the sodium content as well as to fix the remaining sodium by an adequate sulfur-dioxide treatment and having fixed it not to disturb it during subsequent processes.
A Retargetable MATLAB-to-C Compiler Exploiting Custom Instructions and Data Parallelism (2020)

This article presents a MATLAB-to-C compiler that exploits custom instructions present in state-of-the-art processor architectures and supports semi-automatic vectorization. A parameterized processor model is used to describe the target instruction set architecture to achieve user-friendly retargetability. Custom instructions are represented via specialized intrinsic functions in the generated code, which can then be used as input to any C/C++ compiler supporting the target processor. In addition, the compiler supports the generation of data parallel/vectorized code through the introduction of data packing/unpacking statements. The compiler has been used for code generation targeting ARM and x86 architectures for several benchmarks. The vectorized code generated by the compiler achieves an average speedup of 4.1× and 2.7× for packed fixed and floating point data, respectively, compared to scalarized code for ARM architecture and an average speedup of 3.1× and 1.5× for packed fixed and floating point data, respectively, for x86 architecture. Implementing data parallel instructions directly in the assembly code would have required a lot of design effort, and it would not been sustainable across evolving platform variants. Thus, the compiler can be employed to efficiently speed up critical sections of the target application. The compiler is therefore potentially employable to raise the design abstraction and reduce development time for both embedded and general-purpose applications.
Digital I/Q RF transmitter using time-division duplexing (2011)

We propose a digital I/Q transmitter architecture that avoids area, complexity, noise, distortion and linearity issues of the existing solutions by allocating separate time slots to the I and Q operations during which the respective digitally-controlled RF-switched resistors, realized as arrays of MOS switches, are active. This way, the operational orthogonality of the I and Q paths is maintained and the I/Q switch arrays can be simply connected together. An example silicon realization in 65 nm CMOS uses 25% duty cycle I/Q clocks.
Guidelines for the characterization and use of fibre optic sensors: basic definitions and a proposed standard for FBG-based strain sensors (2009)

This paper describes the outcome of two groups which are involved in the specification of guidelines for fibre optic sensors performance and testing. The "Guideline for use of fibre optic sensors" from the COST-299 guideline group, and the "Optical Strain Sensor based on Fibre Bragg Grating" from the GESA guideline group of the VDI -"The Association of German Engineers". Through appropriate specifications and definitions, both guidelines aim at enabling better understanding of fibre optic sensors characteristics and performances. A concise view into the structure of the guidelines is presented, emphasizing important aspects. The English version of the two guidelines will be available in autumn 2009.
Analysis of Interface States in LaSixOy Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Structures (2007)

Using a comprehensive model to simulate interface state effects on metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) device in capacitance–voltage (C–V) behavior, interface properties of LaSixOy gate dielectric MIS structures were analyzed. Under low temperature (400 °C) processing conditions amenable to low (0.6 nm) equivalent oxide thickness (EOT), LaSiO-based MIS capacitors on n- and p-type substrates have a high density localized interface state. The peak densities of this localized state for MIS devices on n- and p-type substrates are (2.0–2.5)×1013 and 2.5×1012 cm-2 eV-1, respectively, lying deep in the Si bandgap (within 0.1 eV of midgap). Positive fixed charge density is derived as in the range of 1013 cm-2 and is found to be distributed close to the interface region. In the case of the p-type MIS capacitor, positive fixed charge and positively charged interface states shift the C–V curve in the negative direction. Interface states in the n-type MOS capacitor capture electrons, compensating for the positive fixed charge and positively charged interface states. Thus less shift of the C–V curve is observed, compared to the p-type case. Interface state and fixed charge densities drastically reduce by raising post annealing temperature, to <1012 cm-2 eV-1 on n-type Si, but with concurrent EOT increase. Forming gas annealing (FGA) is effective for reducing the localized interface state density, but only when the temperature is 600 °C or higher. Results point to a need to minimize defect densities during or immediately after dielectric deposition. The high levels of positive defect states warrant further detailed investigation of the charge trapping characteristics of these dielectrics, as La-containing dielectrics are important for threshold voltage control for metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices.
Performance analysis of hierarchical transform coding with a large kernel for video codecs (2013)

In this study, the performance of hierarchical transform coding is analysed with design of an order‐16 integer transform kernel. The proposed hierarchical transform‐coding structure is constructed with a set of 4 × 4, 8 × 8 and 16 × 16 integer transforms of variable transform block sizes, which takes the advantages of both lower and higher transform kernels by flexibly adapting to varying image characteristics of video sequences with homogeneous and complex regions. The proposed hierarchical transform‐coding structure is implemented as an extension to H.264/advanced video coding joint model. The authors show the effectiveness of the hierarchical variable‐sized block transform scheme by analysing the quantisation effects and the correlation among neighbouring pixels in video sequences of different spatial resolutions. The experimental results show that: (i) the variable‐sized block transform scheme with the hierarchical structure is advantageous to the texture regions with strong local edges and (ii) the higher‐order‐16 integer transform kernel itself is more effective for the homogeneous texture regions, which are often encountered in higher resolution sequences. Therefore these two features can complementarily work in an rate‐distortion (RD) optimised manner for various characteristics of the input signals.
The Mechanisms Underlying PTEN Loss in Human Tumors Suggest Potential Therapeutic Opportunities (2019)

In this review, we will first briefly describe the diverse molecular mechanisms associated with PTEN loss of function in cancer. We will then proceed to discuss the molecular mechanisms linking PTEN loss to PI3K activation and demonstrate how these mechanisms suggest possible therapeutic approaches for patients with PTEN-null tumors.
Third- and Fifth-Order Nonlinear Optical Response of a TICT/Stilbene Hybrid Chromophore (2020)

Twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) chromophores exhibit a promising third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) response, γ, which is potentially useful for all-optical switching. Here we explore the third- and fifth-order NLO response of a newly synthesized chromophore, TMC-3′, which incorporates both stilbene and TICT motifs with optical function. Solution Z-scan measurements in CH₂Cl₂ reveal modest two-photon absorptions (2PA) at 1100 and 800 nm (σ₂PA > 80 GM), and two contributions to the nonlinear refraction. The first component is attributed to the third-order bound-electronic response, while the second is assigned to a fifth-order process involving 2PA induced excited state refraction (2PA-ESR). Quantum computation suggests that the differences between the present work and previous studies lie primarily in the addition of the stilbene related states, as well as the increase in ground state dipole moment. This work yields insight into the third- and fifth-order NLO response of TICT chromophores and demonstrates that subtle structural modifications significantly impact their functionality.
Electro-optical system for scanning microscopy of extreme ultraviolet masks with a high harmonic generation source (2014)

A self-contained electro-optical module for scanning extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reflection microscopy at 13.5 nm wavelength has been developed. The system has been designed to work with stand-alone commercially available EUV high harmonic generation (HHG) sources through the implementation of narrowband harmonic selecting multilayers and off-axis elliptical short focal length zoneplates. The module has been successfully integrated into an EUV mask scanning microscope achieving diffraction limited imaging performance (84 nm point spread function).
A Study on the Stability Fields of Arc Plasma in the HPSR Process (2020)

One of the major challenges for Europe’s future steel production will be minimizing the inherent process emissions in the production of crude steel based on iron ores. In this case, mainly the reduction of CO2 emissions is a focus. One promising process to overcome these problems is the hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) process. This process has been studied for several years already at the Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy at Montanuniversitaet Leoben. The work presented focused on the stability of plasma arcs in the DC transferred arc system of the HPSR process. The stable operating plasma arc is of utmost importance for the future development of the process. The major objective is the definition of the most favorable conditions for this kind of arc. Therefore, tests were conducted to define fields of a stable operating plasma arc for multiple gas compositions and process variables. For several gas compositions of argon, nitrogen, argon/nitrogen, argon/hydrogen and nitrogen/hydrogen, fields of stability were measured and defined. Besides, the major influencing parameters and trends for the fields of stability were evaluated and are shown in this work.
Audio-Based Semantic Concept Classification for Consumer Video (2009)

This paper presents a novel method for automatically classifying consumer video clips based on their soundtracks. We use a set of 25 overlapping semantic classes, chosen for their usefulness to users, viability of automatic detection and of annotator labeling, and sufficiency of representation in available video collections. A set of 1873 videos from real users has been annotated with these concepts. Starting with a basic representation of each video clip as a sequence of mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) frames, we experiment with three clip-level representations: single Gaussian modeling, Gaussian mixture modeling, and probabilistic latent semantic analysis of a Gaussian component histogram. Using such summary features, we produce support vector machine (SVM) classifiers based on the Kullback-Leibler, Bhattacharyya, or Mahalanobis distance measures. Quantitative evaluation shows that our approaches are effective for detecting interesting concepts in a large collection of real-world consumer video clips.
<title>Progress on the development of silicon microchannel plates</title> (2002)

The techniques for manufacture of silicon (Si) MCP's at Nanosciences Corp have undergone significant changes over a relatively short period of time. This is expected in the developmental stages of any new technology, and we have attempted to track this progress by assessing the performance of successive generations of Si MCP's. The samples we have tested are 25mm format with approximately 7 micrometers pores, both with square and hexagonal pore shapes. We have measured the gain of single Si MCP's and the gain, pulse height, gain uniformity, background and quantum detection efficiency of Si MCP's in stacks. Hexagonal pore MCP's with high gain and open area ratios of &gt;75% have been successfully fabricated. Gain of nearly 10<SUP>4</SUP> for a single Si MCP has been achieved, and the quantum detection efficiency for Si MCP's has been shown to be the same as glass MCP's. The Si MCP background is as low as approximately 0.02 events sec <SUP>-1</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP> without shielding, giving significant improvement over even low noise glass MCP's. The image flat fields are free of any patterned modulation, and the gain uniformity is relatively good. Along with low stopping power for x, gamma and cosmic rays, stability to very high temperatures (&gt;800 degree(s)C), and lack of reactivity with photocathodes, Si MCP's offer a new option in MCP applications.
Thermal stress and mechanical strain real time mapping in Intelligent Power Switches device (2014)

Thermal stress and mechanical deformations are the principal causes of power devices premature failures, especially in those critical conditions where they work under repetitive high current pulses or during overloads. Currently, a large effort has been devoted, both in experimental and computer modeling techniques, to predict the lifetime of those power devices used in automotive applications where high reliability is mandatory. Moreover, the knowledge of the thermal and mechanical stress, during the operations, could allow an effective refining of the design rules to improve devices reliability. In this paper, a novel technique to experimentally measure both thermal and mechanical fatigue on IPSs (Intelligent Power Switches) is presented.
Weakly Supervised Volumetric Image Segmentation with Deformed Templates (2021)

There are many approaches to weakly-supervised training of networks to segment 2D images. By contrast, existing approaches to segmenting volumetric images rely on full-supervision of a subset of 2D slices of the 3D volume. We propose an approach to volume segmentation that is truly weakly-supervised in the sense that we only need to provide a sparse set of 3D points on the surface of target objects instead of detailed 2D masks. We use the 3D points to deform a 3D template so that it roughly matches the target object outlines and we introduce an architecture that exploits the supervision it provides to train a network to find accurate boundaries. We evaluate our approach on Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imagery (MRI) and Electron Microscopy (EM) image datasets and show that it substantially reduces the required amount of effort.
Synthetic Peptide ELISAs for Detection of and Discrimination between Group M and Group O HIV Type 1 Infection (1997)

We developed and evaluated two peptide-based immunoassays to confirm and discriminate between group M and group O HIV-1 infection. These assays are based on in vitro competition for antibody binding between M and O peptides. The first EIA is based on competition between group M and group O gp41 immunodominant domains and the second on competition between group O and group M V3 regions of gp120. Two panels of sera were used: the first consisted of 109 sera collected from 27 group O- and 92 group M-infected patients in whom the HIV isolates had been genotyped by sequencing or heteroduplex mobility assay. In this panel, the combination of the two assays correctly discriminated 106 samples (100% group O and 96.7% group M samples). The second panel, used for the field evaluation of the two assays, consisted of 157 samples from HIV-1-infected Cameroonian patients, 33 strains having been genotyped. The combination of the two techniques in a serogrouping algorithm discriminated 147 of these samples, 74 being HIV-1 group O and 73 group M. These results always correlated with genotyping results. The 10 sera that were not successfully classified by these assays were from early seroconverters. Altogether, the two assays clearly differentiated 263 of 276 (94.9%) samples in the two panels. On the basis of the genotyping results, the positive predictive value for group discrimination in the two panels was 100% for both GSEIA assays. Our peptide-blocking group-specific EIAs for differentiation and confirmation of HIV-1 group M and group O infection are complementary tools for epidemiological studies and surveillance of HIV-1 group O strain trafficking.
Silicon Photonics: Applications and High volume Manufacturing Platform (2016)

We start with an introduction on applications of silicon photonics in high speed data connectivity and highlight the advantages compared with other technologies. After that we will present our silicon photonics technology platform and how it enables high volume, high performance manufacturing of silicon photonics products. Amongst others we will address: wafer manufacturing, device libraries, light source integration, packaging and assembly. We will illustrate the technology with some examples.
Structural and morphological changes during reduction of hematite to magnetite and wustite in hydrogen rich reduction gases under fluidised bed conditions (2010)

During the reduction of iron ore fines structural changes in particles have a significant influence on the rate of reduction. Investigations regarding porosity, specific surface area and mean pore diameters in the reduction of hematite with hydrogen rich reducing gases were performed by mercury porosimetry. Morphological changes were examined by metallographic analyses of polished sections in reflected light. In the magnetite equilibrium phase, significant influence of temperature on structural parameters and sintering effects were found.For wustite phases, the influence of temperature was less pronounced. For the reduction of hematite to magnetite and magnetite to wustite topochemical phase growth and microporous product layers were observed. In the single step, reduction of hematite to wustite progressive conversion and significant increase in the mean pore diameter were found. The results presented in this work are of high importance for understanding the reaction kinetics of iron ore fines and essential for modelling heterogeneous reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver and Copper Complexes with Closo‐Polyhedral Borane, Carborane and Metallacarborane Anions: Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure (2016)

Abstract Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Primary Aromatic Amines to Nitro Derivatives Catalyzed by Iron(III) and Manganese(III) Tetraaryl Porphyrins. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Personal photo enhancement using prior images (2008)

We describe a framework for improving the quality of personal photos by using a person's favorite photographs as examples. We use common faces across images to automatically perform both global and face specific corrections. Our system achieves this by using face detection to align faces between "good" and "bad" photos such that properties of the good examples can be used to correct a bad photo. We illustrate the power and generality of our approach by presenting a novel deblurring algorithm, and we show corrections that perform sharpening, super-resolution, in-painting of over and under-exposure regions, and white-balancing.
Pressure-Temperature-Volume Change Relationship for a Hydrophilic Polyurethane Grout (2012)

In this study curing behavior of a hydrophilic polyurethane grout under controlled volume change with varying water-to-grout ratio was investigated to develop pressure (P) - temperature (T) - volume change (V) relationship. Variation of maximum pressure and maximum temperature with water-to-grout ratio varying from 0.5 to 8 was quantified. Highest measured pressure was 1.3 MPa (180 psi) for allowed volume change of about 40% and water-to-grout ratio of 1. The maximum pressure (P) decreased with increasing water-to-grout ratio and allowed volume expansion (ΔV) during the foaming process. The maximum temperature increment (T) also showed an inverse relationship with water-to-grout ratio. Based on the experimental results, water-to-grout ratio (W/G) and volume expansion (ΔV) of the hydrophilic polyurethane grout have been related to the maximum pressure and temperature increases during curing.
NO x Minimization in Staged Combustion Using Rich Premixed Flame in Porous Media (2019)

Two-stage combustion of methane/air is studied experimentally and numerically with a focus on achieving ultralow NOx emissions. The primary flame is a rich premixed flame in the porous medium. The flame is stabilized in the range of equivalence ratios from 1.1 to 1.7 using upstream heat extraction. The products of the primary flame are rich in the partial oxidation and reforming products such as CO, H2, and CH4. Due to the self-regulated heat losses from the flame the maximum flame temperature of the primary flame remains close to 1700 K. The rich-flame environment and low-flame temperatures limit NOx formation in the primary flame. The NOx emission index of the primary flame shows a maximum at the equivalence ratio of 1.1 and reduces for richer mixtures. The products of the primary flame are burned in the secondary nonpremixed flame. The products could be intercooled to reduce temperature and minimize NOx formation in the secondary nonpremixed flame. The emission index of the secondary flame increases with the equivalence ratio. Variation of combined emission index shows a minimum value at the equivalence ratio of 1.2. The trend remains consistent with the intercooling of the primary flame products.
Towards high frame rate cardiac ultrasonography - a circular wave imaging approach (2013)

Analysis and quantification of both intracardiac blood flow and myocardial motion by Doppler ultrasound (US) are of major interest to early detect heart failure. Furthermore these medical examinations are becoming part of daily clinical setups. Although noninvasive measures are yielded by conventional US Doppler, these are incomplete since only the velocity components along the US beam direction are captured. In addition, because one usually needs to cover a large sector in cardiac imaging, frame rates (typically <; 50 fps) offered by standard focused US are generally too low to fully describe the intracavitary blood flow and tissue motion. For the same last reason, alternate techniques such as speckle tracking and/or echo-PIV (particle image velocimetry) are also currently limited by a reduced frame rate. The objective of this in vitro study was to demonstrate the capability of ultrafast circular wave imaging to provide accurate time-resolved vector flow mapping over a wide deep sector scan. Circular wave imaging was chosen in the context of potential cardiac applications, where wide regions of interest (ROI) are required but only small intercostal acoustic windows are available.