gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Many-electron transport in strongly correlated nondegenerate two-dimensional electron systems (1997)

We consider static conductivity and cyclotron resonance in a two-dimensional electron fluid and Wigner crystal. The theory is nonperturbative in the electron-electron interaction. It is formulated in terms of a Coulomb force that drives an electron due to thermal fluctuations of electron density. This force is used to describe the effect of electron-electron interaction on short-wavelength electron scattering by defects, phonons, and ripplons, and thus on electron transport. In a broad parameter range the force is uniform over the electron wavelength, and therefore the motion of an electron in the field of other electrons is semiclassical. In this range we derive the many-electron quantum transport equation and develop techniques for solving it. We find the static conductivity \ensuremath{\sigma}. Many-electron effects may ``restore'' Drude-type behavior of \ensuremath{\sigma} in the range from zero to moderate classically strong magnetic fields B, whereas in quantizing fields \ensuremath{\sigma} increases with B, i.e., the conductivity is a nonmonotonous function of B. Many-electron effects give rise also to a substantial narrowing of the cyclotron resonance absorption peak compared to what follows from the single-electron theory. The shape of the peak is found for both fast and slow rate of interelectron momentum exchange as compared with the relaxation rate. We apply the results to electrons on helium and explain why different types of B dependence of \ensuremath{\sigma} are observed.
The Effect of Funded Varicella Immunization Programs on Varicella-related Hospitalizations in IMPACT Centers, Canada, 2000–2008 (2012)

Publicly funded varicella vaccination programs have led to a significant decline in varicella-related hospitalizations in Canadian children, as a result of direct effects of the program beginning within 1 to 2 years after the start, as well as probable indirect protection of children outside the vaccinated cohort.
CoVigator—A Knowledge Base for Navigating SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Variants (2023)

With increasing demand worldwide in genome surveillance for tracking the spread of SARS-CoV-2, CoVigator will be a valuable resource of an up-to-date list of mutations, which can be incorporated into global efforts.
Assessing Quality and Safety of an Advanced Practice Provider-Led Active Surveillance Clinic for Men with Prostate Cancer (2021)

We demonstrated that in an established APP-led AS clinic at a high-volume center, APPs achieved acceptable patient adherence to scheduled visits and biopsy complications. Because patients were not continuously managed by one type of provider, further prospective studies are needed to establish equivalent pathologic outcomes in APP-managed AS.
Supply Chain Sustainability Analysis of Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuels via Indirect Liquefaction, Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction, Combined Algal Processing, and Biochemical Conversion: Update of the 2018 State-of-Technology Cases and Design Cases (2018)

This technical report describes the SCSAs for the production of renewable hydrocarbon transportation fuels via a range of conversion technologies: (1) renewable high octane gasoline (HOG) via indirect liquefaction (IDL) of woody lignocellulosic biomass (note that the IDL pathway in this SCSA represents the syngas conversion design in the 2018 SOT and 2022 design cases [Tan et al., 2018]); (2) renewable gasoline (RG) and diesel (RD) blendstocks via ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of woody lignocellulosic biomass; (3) RD via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wet sludge from a wastewater treatment plant; (4) renewable hydrocarbon fuels via biochemical conversion of herbaceous lignocellulosic biomass; (5) renewable diesel via HTL of a blend of algae and woody biomass; and (6) renewable diesel via combined algae processing (CAP). This technical report focuses on the environmental performance of these six biofuel production pathways in their 2018 SOT cases, as well as in their design cases (future target projections). The results of these renewable hydrocarbon fuel pathways in these SCSA analyses update those for the respective 2015 and 2016 SOT cases (Edward Frank et al. 2016; Hao Cai et al. 2016, 2017; Cai et al. 2018) in the case of IDL, algae CAP, and biochemical conversion pathways. They also provide an opportunity to examine the impact of technology improvements in both biomass feedstock production and biofuel production that have been achieved in 2018 SOTs on the sustainability performance of these renewable transportation fuels, and they reflect updates to Argonne National Laboratory's Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET[R]) model, which was released in October 2018 (Wang et al. 2018). These GREET updates include production of natural gas, electricity, and petroleum-based fuels that can influence biofuels' supply chain greenhouse gas (GHG) (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions, water consumption and air pollutant emissions. GHG emissions, water consumption, and 2 nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are the main sustainability metrics assessed in this analysis. In this analysis, we define water consumption as the amount of water withdrawn from a freshwater source that is not returned (or returnable) to a freshwater source at the same level of quality. Life-cycle fossil energy consumption and net energy balance, which is the life-cycle fossil energy consumption deducted from the renewable biofuel energy produced, are also assessed.
Role ofd-Alanylation ofStreptococcus gordoniiLipoteichoic Acid in Innate and Adaptive Immunity (2007)

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using the oral commensal gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus gordonii as a live vaccine vector. The present study investigated the role of d-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in the interaction of S. gordonii with the host innate and adaptive immune responses. A mutant strain defective in d-alanylation was generated by inactivation of the dltA gene in a recombinant strain of S. gordonii (PM14) expressing a fragment of the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin. The mutant strain was found to be more susceptible to killing by polymyxin B, nisin, magainin II, and human beta defensins than the parent strain. When it was examined for binding to murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs), the dltA mutant exhibited 200- to 400-fold less binding than the parent but similar levels of binding were shown for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) knockout DCs and HEp-2 cells. In a mouse oral colonization study, the mutant showed a colonization ability similar to that of the parent and was not able to induce a significant immune response. The mutant induced significantly less interleukin 12p70 (IL-12p70) and IL-10 than the parent from DCs. LTA purified from the bacteria induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 production from wild-type DCs but not from TLR2 knockout DCs, and the mutant LTA induced a significantly smaller amount of these two cytokines. These results show that d-alanylation of LTA in S. gordonii plays a role in the interaction with the host immune system by contributing to the relative resistance to host defense peptides and by modulating cytokine production by DCs.
Prenatal Exposure of Rats to Ammonia Impairs NMDA Receptor Function and Affords Delayed Protection Against Ammonia Toxicity and Glutamate Neurotoxicity (1995)

The aim of this work was to assess whether perinatal hyperammonemia impairs the function of NMDA receptors and whether this impairment affords protection against acute ammonia toxicity and glutamate and NMDA neurotoxicity. Rats were exposed to ammonia during the prenatal and lactation periods by feeding the female rats an ammonium-containing diet since day 1 of pregnancy. After weaning (at postnatal day 21), the pups were fed a normal diet with no ammonia added. This treatment resulted in a marked decrease of the growth rate of the animals, which was maintained even 1 month after normalization of ammonia levels. Rats exposed to ammonia were more resistant than controls to acute ammonia toxicity 13 days after feeding a normal diet but not at 3 months. Primary cultures of cerebellar neurons from hyperammonemic rats showed decreased binding of [3H]MK-801 and were remarkably more resistant than controls to glutamate and NMDA toxicities. Also, the increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity induced by low concentrations of NMDA was not produced in such cultures. These results indicate that exposure to ammonia during the prenatal and lactation periods results in long-lasting impairment of NMDA receptor function. This would be the reason for the delayed protection afforded by exposure to low ammonia levels against acute ammonia toxicity in animals and against glutamate and NMDA toxicity in neuronal cultures.
Structural insights into hormone recognition by the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (2021)

Abstract Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a peptide hormone that exerts crucial metabolic functions by binding and activating its cognate receptor, GIPR. As an important therapeutic target, GIPR has been subjected to intensive structural studies without success. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the human GIPR in complex with GIP and a G s heterotrimer at a global resolution of 2.9 Å. GIP adopts a single straight helix with its N terminus dipped into the receptor transmembrane domain (TMD), while the C-terminus is closely associated with the extracellular domain and extracellular loop 1. GIPR employs conserved residues in the lower half of the TMD pocket to recognize the common segments shared by GIP homologous peptides, while uses non-conserved residues in the upper half of the TMD pocket to interact with residues specific for GIP. These results provide a structural framework of hormone recognition and GIPR activation.
Regulation of cytosolic phospholipase A2α by hsp90 and a p54 kinase in okadaic acid-stimulated macrophages (2008)

In resident mouse peritoneal macrophages, group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)alpha) mediates arachidonic acid (AA) release and eicosanoid production in response to diverse agonists such as A23187, phorbol myristate acetate, zymosan, and the enterotoxin, okadaic acid (OA). cPLA(2)alpha is regulated by phosphorylation and by calcium that binds to the C2 domain and induces translocation from the cytosol to membranes. In contrast, OA activates cPLA(2)alpha-induced AA release and translocation to the Golgi in macrophages without an apparent increase in calcium. Inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), geldanamycin, and herbimycin blocked AA release in response to OA but not to A23187, PMA, or zymosan. OA, but not the other agonists, induced activation of a cytosolic serine/threonine 54-kDa kinase (p54), which phosphorylated cPLA(2)alpha in in-gel kinase assays and was associated with cPLA(2)alpha in immunoprecipitates. Activation of the p54 kinase was inhibited by geldanamycin. The kinase coimmunoprecipitated with hsp90 in unstimulated macrophages, and OA induced its loss from hsp90, concomitant with its association with cPLA(2)alpha. The results demonstrate a role for hsp90 in regulating cPLA(2)alpha-mediated AA release that involves association of a p54 kinase with cPLA(2)alpha upon OA stimulation.
Development and maintenance of surface gloss of dental composites after polishing and brushing: Review of the literature (2022)

Suprananofills/nanofills/microfills had good polishability and polish retention due to their smaller particle size. The effectiveness of a polishing system is material-dependent. In general, Enhance-PoGo, Sof-Lex discs, and Sof-Lex Spiral wheels showed similar level of smoothness.
Local Spatial Linear Stability Analysis of Low-Pressure Turbine Endwall Boundary Layer (2018)

An implicit large-eddy simulation of a low-pressure turbine cascade for an axial chord–based Reynolds number of 100,000 revealed steady longitudinal structures near the endwall that are reminiscent of crossflow vortices. A local spatial linear stability theory analysis with Newtonian eddy model of a profile extracted from the strongly curved section did not indicate any spatially growing steady modes. An unstable steady mode could be identified when the quasi-laminar assumption was made. The mode shape roughly agreed with the observed steady flow structures. Further analysis revealed that this mode was most strongly amplified when the frequency was nonzero. Based on a comparison of the Reynolds stress profiles upstream and inside the cascade, it is argued that the unstable mode may affect the mean flow through a modification of the Reynolds shear stresses.
Nanofabrication of custom X-ray optical components (2000)

A variety of nanostructuring processes have been developed at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in order to provide optical instrumentation for beamline experiments. We present methods for the fabrication of custom elements such as sub-micron high aspect ratio tantalum slits and pinholes, a calcium fluoride test object for element mapping experiments at the Ca-K-edge, and transmission zone plates with germanium structures for the multi-keV region. Furthermore, we report on the generation of linear silicon Bragg-Fresnel Lenses (BFLs) with unprecedented dimensions. Lenses with 100 nm outermost zone width, lengths up to 10 mm and widths up to 1 mm were tested at the optics beam line of the ESRF. We measured a diffraction efficiency of 26% at a beam energy of 13.25 keV. The purpose of this contribution to the conference is to demonstrate the flexibility of the micro- and nanostructuring facilities at PSI and to encourage scientific groups at synchrotron beam lines to join future collaborations.
1-Acyl-1H-[1,2,4]triazole-3,5-diamine Analogues as Novel and Potent Anticancer Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activities (2005)

A series of 1-acyl-1H-[1,2,4]triazole-3,5-diamine analogues were synthesized as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. These compounds showed potent and selective CDK1 and CDK2 inhibitory activities and inhibited in vitro cellular proliferation in various human tumor cells. Representative compound 3b demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a human melanoma A375 xenograft model in nude mice.
Enhanced Hearing in Noise for Cochlear Implant Recipients (2014)

ClearVoice improves hearing in noise for cochlear implant recipients who use HiRes Fidelity 120 sound processing.
Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke leads to activation of p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) in non-small cell lung cancer cells (2016)

Epidemiological data clearly establishes cigarette smoking as one of the major cause for lung cancer worldwide. Recently, targeted therapy has become one of the most preferred modes of treatment for cancer. Though certain targeted therapies such as anti-EGFR are in clinical practice, they have shown limited success in lung cancer patients who are smokers. This demands discovery of alternative drug targets through systematic investigation of cigarette smoke-induced signaling mechanisms. To study the signaling events activated in response to cigarette smoke, we carried out SILAC-based phosphoproteomic analysis of H358 lung cancer cells chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. We identified 1,812 phosphosites, of which 278 phosphosites were hyperphosphorylated (≥ 3-fold) in H358 cells chronically exposed to cigarette smoke. Our data revealed hyperphosphorylation of S560 within the conserved kinase domain of PAK6. Activation of PAK6 is associated with various processes in cancer including metastasis. Mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition of PAK6 led to reduction in cell proliferation, migration and invasion of the cigarette smoke treated cells. Further, siRNA mediated silencing of PAK6 resulted in decreased invasive abilities in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Consistently, mice bearing tumor xenograft showed reduced tumor growth upon treatment with PF-3758309 (group II PAK inhibitor). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed overexpression of PAK6 in 66.6% (52/78) of NSCLC cases in tissue microarrays. Taken together, our study indicates that PAK6 is a promising novel therapeutic target for NSCLC, especially in smokers.
Poster Session II, July 14th 2010–Abstracts (2010)

Abstract In order to avoid under-training or over-reaching, training efforts need to be targeted at the performance and physiology of the individual athlete. Despite multiple training load indicators that are available in principle, coaches still rely on lap times as direct feedback during regular trainings (fig. 5). Other measures such as VO2 levels and lactate are too invasive to be used during regular trainings. Despite being a good training load indicator tool, heart rate monitors are not used by the top swimming coaches during trainings because they do not fulfill the coaches’ needs. Philips Research together with the technical University of Delft have developed a heart rate monitor (HR-monitor) that is designed to fit the special needs of the coaches of the Dutch national swimming team. The use of remote heart rate measurement with a camera, based on remote PPG, makes it possible to measure the heart rate without the use of restraining sensors. During the entire design process the coaches and swimmers of the Dutch national swimming team were involved to create a usercentered design to fit the needs of this special target group. Results of the design process are a working and user tested prototype and concept designs which will be further developed into a final product design.
Simultaneous Channel Estimation for Pulsed-Modulation Optical Wireless Communications (2022)

In this paper, suitable estimation sequences and algorithms for the simultaneous channel estimation in an optical wireless communication system are assessed. We focus on a multi-user-MISO setup and an on-off-keying based pulsed-modulation physical layer. The performance of the tested configurations is evaluated using simulations under the constraints of imperfect time synchronization between the transmitters and band-pass distortions. Furthermore, a new family of binary channel estimation sequences, named Variable Sampling Factor (VSF) sequences, is proposed with the goal of enabling simultaneous estimation even between terminals using different sample clock rates. Despite a high variance of channel gains in the used model, the best presented algorithm is able to detect 6 out of 8 transmitters on average.
The Compact UHF CT-Type BandPass Filter with a Mixed Coupling (2007)

This paper presents the design of the compact UHF Bandpass filter of CT-type with a novel mixed coupling topology. In further detail, this new coupling structure mathematically equals the transmission zero that enables particularly the better rejection performance in the stopband without increasing the filter's order. To envision this design concept, we fabricated a microstrip filter whose measurement proves to agree with the predicted performance and the suggested coupling structure reduces the overall size, and will be possibly used in the miniaturized UHF apparatus such as the RFID system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Activity of Spiro‐(9H‐fluoren‐9,4′‐imidazolidine)‐2′,5′‐dione Derivatives. (1988)

Abstract Spirocyclization of the fluorenone carboxylic acid (I) yields the spirofluorenehydantoin carboxylic acid (IVa), which is converted to its derivatives (IVb)‐(IVd) by common methods.
Spinal Anesthesia by Local Anesthetics Stimulates the Enzyme Protein Kinase C and Induces the Expression of an Immediate Early Oncogene, c-Fos (1996)

To understand the biochemical mechanisms involved in spinal anesthesia, we measured protein kinase C (PKC) activity and expression of immediate early oncogene protein, c-Fos, in the spinal cord. Spinal anesthesia was induced in mice using intrathecal injection of either 10 microL procaine or tetracaine (0.067 M/approximately 2%). Control groups were treated with either saline or ethanol. Animals were killed at 1, 5, and 15 min after the injection and the caudal 3 cm of the spinal cord was processed for biochemical analysis. PKC activity was measured by the transfer of a phosphate group from [gamma-32P]adenosine 5'-triphosphate to the threonine group on a synthetic peptide specific for PKC. Western blot analysis was used to detect changes in c-Fos protein expression. When compared to saline-treated controls, PKC activity was increased significantly (P < 0.0005) in procaine- and tetracaine-treated groups whereas ethanol decreased PKC activity. The less lipid-soluble procaine produced a larger increase in PKC activity than did the more lipid-soluble tetracaine. Moreover, parallel to the effect on PKC activity, procaine was more potent than tetracaine as a c-Fos inducer. These results implicate some role for a PKC- and c-Fos-dependent pathway in the mechanism of spinal anesthesia. However, these results also demonstrate a lack of correlation between an increase in PKC levels and either potency or lipid solubility of the anesthetics. The increased PKC activity may not be the sole mechanism for spinal anesthesia. These data on the effects of local anesthetics on PKC activity and c-Fos in vivo are of relevance for studies aimed at delineating the biochemical basis of spinal and epidural anesthesia.
3,6-Dithiophen-2-yl-diketopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (isoDPPT) as an Acceptor Building Block for Organic Opto-Electronics (2013)

The electron acceptor building block for π-conjugated copolymers, 3,6-dithiophen-2-yl-diketopyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (isoDPPT), was synthesized following two routes. The comparison between isoDPPT and widely investigated 3,6-dithiophen-2-yl-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPPT) in terms of molecular orbital computations, single crystal X-ray diffraction, optical absorption and cyclic voltammogram was utilized to elucidate structural and electronic structure differences between the two cores. Both units are found to be planar in the solid state, exhibit similar LUMO energy, however, isoDPPT exhibits a much deeper HOMO energy. Six isoDPPT-based polymers with optical bandgaps spanning from 1.44 to 1.76 eV were synthesized by copolymerizing isoDPPT with the following building blocks: 2,2′-bithiophene (for P1), 4,4′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]silole (for P2), 3,3‴-didodecylquaterthiophene (for P3), 4,8-didodecylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (for P4), 4,8-didodecyloxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (for P5) and 3,3′-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,2′-bithiophene (for P6). Field-effect transistors and bulk heterojunction solar cells based on isoDPPT copolymers were fabricated and the response compared vis-a-vis to those of some DPPT-based polymers. Hole mobility (μh) of 0.03 cm2/(V·s) and solar cell power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.1% were achieved for polymer P2.