gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Henry ford hospital nephrology information system (2005)

Henry Ford Hospital is a large tertiary care teaching and research hospital in the city of Detroit, Michigan, USA. The hospital contains several ambulatory clinics in the suburbs which contribute to its clinic workload of 1.3 million clinic visits/ year. It had a total staff of 7,000 in 1981. Its revenues were $320 million. The Division of Nephrology and Hypertension operates five clinics providing 10,200 clinic visits/year and performs about 40,000 dialysis treatments a year. This paper describes the experiences gained in developing a Nephrology Information System and a technical overview of the system.
Preventive Eye Care in People With Diabetes Is Cost-Saving to the Federal Government: Implications for health-care reform (1994)

Our analysis indicates that prevention programs aimed at improving eye care for patients with diabetes not only reduce needless vision loss but also will provide a financial return on the investment of public funds.
Production of fibronectin by normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells. (1981)

The production and retention of fibronectin by primary cultures of cells derived from the human breast has been analyzed. Two examples of each of the following cell types were examined: (a) normal epithelium from milk; (b) metastatic breast cancer cells in pleural effusions; (c) fibroblasts; (d) tissue macrophages of milk. Cell-associated fibronectin could be detected by indirect immunofluorescent staining on normal and malignant mammary epithelium and on mammary fibroblasts, but not on milk macrophages. Immune precipitation followed by gel electrophoresis of 35S-labeled cell lysates and conditioned medium confirmed that fibronectin was indeed synthesized by both types of epithelial cells and by fibroblasts, but not by macrophages, and that much of the protein was released into the medium. Quantitative analysis with radioimmune assay of the fibronectin on cells and in media showed that both normal and malignant epithelial cells synthesized levels of protein comparable to that produced by fibroblasts, but only a small fraction (less than 10%) of the material synthesized was retained by the cells. Growth on collagen-coated plastic increased the percentage of fibronectin retained by normal and malignant epithelium but did not affect retention by fibroblasts.
Dynamic breath-hold multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement for differentiating hepatic hemangiomas from malignancies at 1.5 T. (1993)

PURPOSE: To compare the enhancement patterns of focal liver lesions at dynamic breath-hold gadolinium-enhanced multiplanar spoiled gradient-recalled (SPGR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with T2 relaxation times in the differentiation of liver hemangiomas from malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients with focal liver lesions underwent MR imaging with spin-echo and gadolinium-enhanced multiplanar SPGR techniques. T2 relaxation times and enhancement patterns were compared for accuracy in liver lesion characterization. RESULTS: Enhancement patterns allowed better characterization of liver lesions than did T2 relaxation times. Only specific patterns of contrast enhancement indicated a hemangioma. Although 18 of the 33 malignancies and 10 of the 12 hemangiomas showed progressive centripetal hyperintense enhancement, only hemangiomas filled in with hyperintense peripheral nodules. Malignancies often filled in with hyperintense thick rinds. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced multiplanar SPGR imaging allows more accurate characterization of liver lesions than does T2 relaxation time.
Cross Technology Interference Mitigation in Body-to-Body Area Networks (2013)

In recent years, Body-to-Body Networks (BBNs) have gained momentum as a means to monitor people behavior and simplify their interaction with the surrounding environment; thus representing a key element of the Internet of Things (IoT) networking paradigm. Within BBNs, several transmission technologies sharing the same unlicensed band (namely the ISM band) coexist, increasing dramatically the level of interference, which in turn negatively affects the network performance. In this paper, we consider an IoT system composed of several BBNs and we analyze the Cross Technology Interference (CTI) problem caused by the utilization of different transmission technologies that share the same radio spectrum. We formulate an optimization model considering both the Mutual and Cross Technology Interference in order to mitigate the overall level of interference within the IoT system, taking explicitly into account the node mobility. We further develop two heuristic approaches to solve efficiently the interference mitigation problem in large scale network scenarios. Numerical results show that the proposed heuristics represent two efficient and practical alternatives to the optimal solution for solving the CTI mitigation problem in large scale IoT scenarios.
Synergistically strengthened 3D micro-scavenger cage adsorbent for selective removal of radioactive cesium (2016)

A novel microporous three-dimensional pomegranate-like micro-scavenger cage (P-MSC) composite has been synthesized by immobilization of iron phyllosilicates clay onto a Prussian blue (PB)/alginate matrix and tested for the removal of radioactive cesium from aqueous solution. Experimental results show that the adsorption capacity increases with increasing the inactive cesium concentration from 1 ppm to 30 ppm, which may be attributed to greater number of adsorption sites and further increase in the inactive cesium concentration has no effect. The P-MSC composite exhibit maximum adsorption capacity of 108.06 mg of inactive cesium per gram of adsorbent. The adsorption isotherm is better fitted to the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model. In addition, kinetics studies show that the adsorption process is consistent with a pseudo second-order model. Furthermore, at equilibrium, the composite has an outstanding adsorption capacity of 99.24% for the radioactive cesium from aqueous solution. This may be ascribed to the fact that the AIP clay played a substantial role in protecting PB release from the P-MSC composite by cross-linking with alginate to improve the mechanical stability. Excellent adsorption capacity, easy separation, and good selectivity make the adsorbent suitable for the removal of radioactive cesium from seawater around nuclear plants and/or after nuclear accidents.
Synthesis and Rearrangement of 3-Methyl-1,4-pentadiyne-3-ol (2002)

An efficient synthesis and rearrangement of 3-methyl-1,4-pentadiyne-3-ol (1) using perrhenate- and Mo(VI)-catalysts is reported. The by-products 3,6-dimethyl-1,4,7-octatriyne-3,6-diol (2) and 3-ethynyl-5-methyl-1,6-heptadiyne-3,5-diol (3) were isolated and spectroscopically characterized. A possible reaction mechanism for the formation of the byproducts is discussed.
An optimisation methodology for array mapping of affine recurrence equations in video and image processing (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of deriving optimised array architectures for real-time multi-dimensional signal processing systems, as occurring in image, speech and video applications. The starting point is a set of Weak Single Assignment Codes. For this abstract specification, we solve the difficult task of finding a globally optimised architecture with matched throughput while avoiding an explosion of the search space. The cost function not only includes the data-path area but incorporates also the crucial foreground and background memory storage. The effectiveness of our solution has been substantiated with realistic test cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Lab-on-a-Bubble: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Buoyant Gold Nanoparticle-Coated Silica Spheres (2011)

This paper describes the development and preparation of a new class of materials for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) consisting of gold nanoparticles coated onto hollow, buoyant silica microspheres. These materials allow for a new type of molecular assay designated as a lab-on-a-bubble (LoB). LoB materials serve as a convenient platform for the detection of analytes in solution and offer several advantages over traditional colloidal gold and planar SERS substrates, such as the ability to localize and concentrate analytes for detection. An example assay is presented using the LoB method and cyanide detection. Cyanide binds to SERS-active, gold-coated LoBs and is detected directly from the corresponding SERS signal. The abilities of LoBs and a gold colloid to detect cyanide are compared, and in both cases, a detection limit of ~170 ppt was determined. Differences in measurement error using LoBs versus gold colloid are also described, as well as an assay for 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) that shows the benefit of using LoBs over SERS analyses in colloids, which are often plagued by particle aggregation.
Combustion Characterization of Fluorinated Polymers (2004)

The present paper presents some preliminary data fr om Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the thermal decomposition and combustion of highly fluorinated polymers. Two different compounds have been evaluated using resistive heating ignition to study the impact of different temperatures and c ombustion atmospheres. The tests indicate that the two compounds produce significant ly different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid when combusted and that lower temperature or fuel-rich conditions may lead to an increase in this concentration.
Guarantees for Comprehensive Simulation Assessment of Statistical Methods (2022)

Simulation can evaluate a statistical method for properties such as Type I Error, FDR, or bias on a grid of hypothesized parameter values. But what about the gaps between the grid-points? Continuous Simulation Extension (CSE) is a proof-by-simulation framework which can supplement simulations with (1) confidence bands valid over regions of parameter space or (2) calibration of rejection thresholds to provide rigorous proof of strong Type I Error control. CSE extends simulation estimates at grid-points into bounds over nearby space using a model shift bound related to the Renyi divergence, which we analyze for models in exponential family or canonical GLM form. CSE can work with adaptive sampling, nuisance parameters, administrative censoring, multiple arms, multiple testing, Bayesian randomization, Bayesian decision-making, and inference algorithms of arbitrary complexity. As a case study, we calibrate for strong Type I Error control a Phase II/III Bayesian selection design with 4 unknown statistical parameters. Potential applications include calibration of new statistical procedures or streamlining regulatory review of adaptive trial designs. Our open-source software implementation imprint is available athttps://github.com/Confirm-Solutions/imprint
Highest peak power from a normal-dispersion Yb-fiber oscillator with anomalous dispersion higher-order-mode fiber (2011)

In this contribution we present a passively ML Yb-fiber oscillator that uses a higher-order mode (HOM) fiber [1] for dispersion compensation and operates in the net normal dispersion regime. The HOM fiber allows reducing the repetition rate of the system without compromising pulse duration and pulse quality. Pulse energies of up to 6 nJ were achieved and pulses as short as 150 fs were generated.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NIOBIUM(III) TRICHLORIDE ETHER AND SULFIDE DERIVATIVES (1980)

Abstract Bei der Reduktion von NbCls durch Mg in CH 2 Cl 2 in Gegenwart von Me2S bei Raumtemp. entsteht der Komplex (I).
High electron mobility GaN grown under N-rich conditions by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2007)

An alternative approach is presented for the plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy of high-quality GaN. Under N-rich growth conditions, an unexpected layer-by-layer growth mode was found for a wide range of growth temperatures in the GaN thermal decomposition regime (&amp;gt;750°C). Consequently, superior surface morphologies with roughness of less than 1nm (rms) have been achieved. For lightly Si-doped GaN films, room-temperature electron mobilities exceeding 1100cm2∕Vs were measured, surpassing the commonly insulating nature of GaN grown under N-rich conditions at low temperature.
Papillary urothelial hyperplasia is a clonal precursor to papillary transitional cell bladder cancer (2000)

Papilloma and papillary hyperplasia (PH) have been proposed to be the putative precursor lesions of papillary transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. We examined 15 PH lesions and 4 papillomas for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 17 microsatellite markers on 9 chromosomal arms. Eight of 15 (53%) PHs were clonal, demonstrating LOH of at least 1 microsatellite marker. In contrast, none of the papillomas showed any genetic changes among the markers tested. In PH, chromosomal arm 9q was the most frequently lost (4/15), followed by 9p and 18q (n = 2) and, less frequently, 8p, 10q, 11p and 17p (n = 1). Furthermore, 2 hyperplastic lesions demonstrated LOH at 9q only, confirming the notion that allelic loss on chromosomal arm 9q is among the earliest events in bladder-cancer progression. In 1 patient, identical LOH patterns were observed between PH and a recurrent transitional-cell carcinoma. Our molecular data demonstrate that at least a proportion of PHs represent pre-cancerous lesions of the bladder that subsequently progress to papillary bladder cancer. Moreover, chromosomal arm 9q may harbor a tumor-suppressor gene(s) inactivated in the earliest stages of human bladder tumorigenesis. Int. J. Cancer 89:514–518, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Open-Cellular Alumina Foams with Hierarchical Strut Porosity by Ice Templating: A Thickening Agent Study (2021)

Alumina replica foams were manufactured by the Schwartzwalder sponge replication technique and were provided with an additional strut porosity by a freeze-drying/ice-templating step prior to thermal processing. A variety of thickeners in combination with different alumina solid loads in the dispersion used for polyurethane foam template coating were studied. An additional strut porosity as generated by freeze-drying was found to be in the order of ~20%, and the spacings between the strut pores generated by ice-templating were in the range between 20 µm and 32 µm. In spite of the lamellar strut pore structure and a total porosity exceeding 90%, the compressive strength was found to be up to 1.3 MPa. Combining the replica process with freeze-drying proves to be a suitable method to enhance foams with respect to their surface area accessible for active coatings while preserving the advantageous flow properties of the cellular structure. A two-to-threefold object surface-to-object volume ratio of 55 to 77 mm<sup>-1</sup> was achieved for samples with 30 vol% solid load compared to 26 mm<sup>-1</sup> for non-freeze-dried samples. The freeze-drying technique allows the control of the proportion and properties of the introduced pores in an uncomplicated and predictable way by adjusting the process parameters. Nevertheless, the present article demonstrates that a suitable thickener in the dispersion used for the Schwartzwalder process is inevitable to obtain ceramic foams with sufficient mechanical strength due to the necessarily increased water content of the ceramic dispersion used for foam manufacturing.
Spine Intervention—An Update on Injectable Biomaterials (2019)

Back pain is the second most common reason for primary-care physician visits after the common cold. New understanding of the spine pathophysiology and biomechanics led to the development of novel injectable biomaterials to treat those pain generators. Although not all biomaterials are currently ready for common use, there is significant interest by the medical community to invest time, resources, and energy to optimize these injectables. This review introduces basic concepts and advancements in the field of bioinjectables tailored for the vertebral body. Also, we highlight advances in injectable biomaterials which were presented at the Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Biomatériaux Ostéoarticulaires Injectables (GRIBOI) (Interdisciplinary Research Society for Injectable Osteoarticular Biomaterials) meeting in March 2018 in Los Angeles, CA. Indeed, multidisciplinary translational research and international meetings such as GRIBOI bring together scientists and clinicians with different backgrounds/expertise to discuss injectable biomaterials innovations tailored for the interventional pain management field.
MR Angiography of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease: A Phase III Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of the Blood-Pool Contrast Agent MS-325 (2005)

MR angiography with MS-325 provides significant improvement in effectiveness over unenhanced MR (and minimal and transient side effects) at a dose of 0.03 mmol/kg and was safe and effective for MR evaluation of patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease.
Fourier tags: Smoothly degradable fiducial markers for use in human-robot interaction (2007)

In this paper we introduce the Fourier tag, a synthetic fiducial marker used to visually encode information and provide controllable positioning. The Fourier tag is a synthetic target akin to a bar-code that specifies multi-bit information which can be efficiently and robustly detected in an image. Moreover, the Fourier tag has the beneficial property that the bit string it encodes has variable length as a function of the distance between the camera and the target. This follows from the fact that the effective resolution decreases as an effect of perspective. This paper introduces the Fourier tag, describes its design, and illustrates its properties experimentally.
New Visible and NIR Highly Photostable Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles for Laser Scanning Imaging Applications (2013)

One way to improve the photophysical and photochemical properties of NIR probes is to incorporate them in nanoparticles (NPs). The characteristics of NP-based imaging agents, such as the ability to carry large payloads of optical probes and multiple targeting groups, together with the possibility to tune their pharmacokinetics, have motivated the development of different systems for use in combined diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) applications. The use of silica nanoparticles (SiNP) in nanomedicine, as carriers for drug delivery and imaging agents has increase remarkably in the last decade. On the other hand, it is well known that the use of near infrared (NIR) light (750-1400 nm) in optical bioimaging presents several advantages over lower wavelength light (visible), namely higher tissue penetration, lower interference from autofluorescence in biological specimens, and reduced light scattering. These factors have greatly increased the interest in NIR fluorescent dyes for use in biological imaging. An additional advantage of NIR dyes is that they can be used with inexpensive laser diode excitation sources in laser scanning microscopy. In this communication we evaluate the performance of new fluorescent SiNP in laser scanning microscopy. The particles are labelled with two different perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives, one with emission in the visible region of the spectrum (PDIvis) and the other emitting in the NIR (PDInir). The PDI derivatives were covalently incorporated in the SiNPs during their synthesis by a modified Stöber method. The labelled SiNP were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence emission spectroscopy and laser scanning fluorescence confocal microscopy (LSFCM). The excellent photophysical properties and stability of the fluorescently labelled SiNP encouraged us to evaluate their performance in vivo , as markers for LSFCM. The nanoparticles were internalized in HEK293 cells co-stained with plasma membrane (AF594-WGA) and/or nucleus (Hoechst 33258) markers. Confocal microscopy images show that both SiNP-PDInir and SiNP-PDIvis were efficiently internalized in the cells (Figure 1 and 2, respectively). The major difference between the two sets of SiNPs is that while SiNP-PDIvis is excited at 488 nm (argon laser) showing emission in the green region of the spectra, SiNP-PDInir can be excited at 633 nm (using a low power/low cost HeNe laser) with the emission observed in the NIR. The in vivo photostability of the labelled nanoparticles was compared with that of a commercial membrane marker, DiIC18(5), showing much higher photostability during laser scanning, due to the shielding effect of the silica nanoparticles. This work was partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal) and COMPETE (FEDER) within projects PTDC/CTM/101627/2008 and PEst-OE/CTM/LA0024/2011. T.R., R.S. and F.F. also thank FCT for Ph.D. (SFRH/BD/64702/2009) and Pos-Doc (SFRH/BPD/71249/2010; SFRH/BPD/64320/2009) grants.
Active oxygen species, articular inflammation and cartilage damage (1992)

Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are age-related diseases, in which degenerative changes (arthrosis) and superimposed inflammatory reactions (arthritis) lead to progressive destruction of the joints. Active oxygen species derived from various sources play a role in this process, which may be influenced by appropriate treatment with antioxidants and free radical scavengers.
Pulsed-laser deposited LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 thin films for application in microbatteries (2007)

Li Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 thin films were prepared by pulsed-laser deposition at varying growth conditions. It was found that the growth and microstructure of the films is highly dependent on the target composition, deposition temperature, and the reactive atmosphere during laser ablation. The x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic measurements indicated the high-structural quality of the grown LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 thin films. A phase diagram mapping the effect of temperature on the microstructure of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 thin films has been proposed. The measurements of charge-discharge profiles of Li microcells using the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 films grown at 450°C demonstrate their possible applications in microbatteries. A stable capacity of 98μAh∕cm2μm was obtained in the potential range of 4.2–2.5V for LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 films grown at 450°C.
Improving Adversarial Robustness of Ensembles with Diversity Training (2019)

Deep Neural Networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks even in settings where the attacker has no direct access to the model being attacked. Such attacks usually rely on the principle of transferability, whereby an attack crafted on a surrogate model tends to transfer to the target model. We show that an ensemble of models with misaligned loss gradients can provide an effective defense against transfer-based attacks. Our key insight is that an adversarial example is less likely to fool multiple models in the ensemble if their loss functions do not increase in a correlated fashion. To this end, we propose Diversity Training, a novel method to train an ensemble of models with uncorrelated loss functions. We show that our method significantly improves the adversarial robustness of ensembles and can also be combined with existing methods to create a stronger defense.
Far-Field Characterization of Gold Nanoantenna Arrays (2007)

Elliptical gold nanoantenna arrays were studied. Their measured transmittance and reflectance spectra agree well with finite element simulation results. We varied the geometries in simulations and show their effects on the spectra.