gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains Isolated in Colombia During 2003 (2005)

Sixteen infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates were recovered from broilers and layers from five geographic poultry regions in Colombia. The viruses were isolated from tracheas, lungs, and cecal tonsils of birds, previously vaccinated with the Massachusetts strain, that were showing respiratory signs. Further analysis of the IBV isolates was achieved by phylogenetic analysis comparing their deduced amino acid sequences in the hypervariable region 1 of the S1 gene with reference strains. Four unique genotype clusters containing isolates with indigenous genotypes were observed. One isolate was found to be the Connecticut genotype and three isolates were found to be the Massachusetts genotype.
Catalytic reforming of liquid fuels: Deactivation of catalysts (2007)

The catalytic reforming of logistic fuels (e.g., diesel) to provide hydrogen-rich gas for various fuel cells is inevitably accompanied by deactivation. This deactivation can be caused by various mechanisms, such as carbon deposition, sintering, and sulfur poisoning. In general, these mechanisms are, not independent—e.g., carbon deposition may affect sulfur poisoning. However, they are typically studied in separate experiments, with relatively little work reported on their interaction at conditions typical of liquid fuel reforming. Recent work at the U.S. Dept. of Energy/NETL and Louisiana State University has shown progress in understanding the interaction of these deactivation processes, and catalysts designed to minimize them.
A smartphone agent for qoe evaluation and user classification over mobile networks (2013)

The continuous growth of mobile users and bandwidth-consuming applications and the shortage of radio resources put a serious challenge on how to efficiently exploit existing networks and contemporary improve Quality of Experience. One of the most relevant problem for network operators is thus to find an explicit relationship between QoS and QoE, for the purpose of maximizing the latter while saving precious resources. In order to accomplish this challenging task, we present TeleAbarth, an innovative Android application entirely developed at TelecomItalia Laboratories, able to contemporary collect network measurements and end-users quality feedback regarding the use of smartphone applications. We deployed TeleAbarth in a field experimentation in order to study the relationship between QoS and QoE for video streaming applications, in terms of downstream bandwidth and video loading time. On the basis of the results obtained, we propose a technique to classify user behavior through his or her reliability, sensibility and fairness.
Safe and Efficient Continuous-Flow Synthesis and Batchwise Hydrolysis of Ethyl 5-Acetyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate: A Key Synthon of Darolutamide (2022)

Abstract A safe and metal-free process using ethyl glycinate hydrochloride as the starting material has been developed for the preparation of ethyl 5-acetyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, a key intermediate for the synthesis of potential blockbuster drug substance darolutamide. In the key step, the toxic and explosive intermediate, ethyl diazoacetate was generated and used in situ. Reaction parameters were optimized for both the batchwise and the continuous-flow variant of the synthesis. In the next step, alkaline hydrolysis of the ester led to 5-acetyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, which can not only be used as a darolutamide intermediate, but it can also be considered as a valuable building block for other types of organic and medicinal chemistry transformations.
Anaphoric dependencies in ellipsis (1997)

(Article begins on next page) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Andrew Kehler and Stuart M. Shieber. Anaphoric dependencies in
Thy-1 as a negative growth regulator in ras-transformed mouse fibroblasts. (1991)

To identify molecules on the cell surface involved in negative growth regulation, we assumed that their amounts would be reduced after malignant transformation. We analyzed several proteins by fluorescence-activated cell sorter in mouse NIH 3T3 and its transformed cell lines. Surprisingly, the amount of Thy-1, a cell surface glycoprotein anchored in the cell membrane by a glycophosphatidyl inositol linkage, was significantly decreased in the transformed NIH 3T3 lines, especially in ras-transformed NIH 3T3 lines. The malignant properties of clones of NIH 3T3 transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus have a good correlation not only with the high amount of RAS proteins but also inversely with the amount of Thy-1. NIH 3T3 subpopulations lacking Thy-1 exhibit more susceptibility to the induction of colony-forming ability in soft agar by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus than the Thy-1-positive populations. Finally the transfection of Thy-1 complementary DNA to the ras-transformed NIH 3T3 significantly inhibits the colony formation in soft agar as well as the tumor formation in nude mice. Our results suggest that Thy-1 has negative effects on the anchorage-independent growth of ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells.
Data from Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Remodel the Tumor Immune Environment to Enhance Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Identifying strategies to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) remains a major clinical need. Here, we show that therapeutically targeting the COX2/PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/EP2-4 pathway with widely used nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs synergized with ICB in mouse cancer models. We exploited a bilateral surgery model to distinguish responders from nonresponders shortly after treatment and identified acute IFNγ-driven transcriptional remodeling in responder mice, which was also associated with patient benefit to ICB. Monotherapy with COX2 inhibitors or EP2-4 PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; receptor antagonists rapidly induced this response program and, in combination with ICB, increased the intratumoral accumulation of effector T cells. Treatment of patient-derived tumor fragments from multiple cancer types revealed a similar shift in the tumor inflammatory environment to favor T-cell activation. Our findings establish the COX2/PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/EP2-4 axis as an independent immune checkpoint and a readily translatable strategy to rapidly switch the tumor inflammatory profile from cold to hot.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Through performing in-depth profiling of mice and human tumors, this study identifies mechanisms by which anti-inflammatory drugs rapidly alter the tumor immune landscape to enhance tumor immunogenicity and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Melero et al., p. 2372&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2355&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Lightweight and Efficient Mechanism for Fixing the Synchronization of Misaligned Subtitle Documents (2016)

Online subtitle databases allow users to easily find subtitle documents in multiple languages for thousands of films and TV series episodes. However, getting the subtitle document that gives satisfactory synchronization on the first attempt is like hitting the jackpot. The truth is that this process often involves a lot of trial- and-error because multiple versions of subtitle documents have distinct synchronization references, given that they are targeted at variations of the same audiovisual content. Building on our previous efforts to address this problem, in this paper we formalize and validate a two-phase subtitle synchronization framework. The benefit over current approaches lays in the usage of audio fingerprint annotations generated from the base audio signal as second-level synchronization anchors. This way, we allow the media player to dynamically fix during playback the most common cases of subtitle synchronization misalignment that compromise users' watching experience. Results from our evaluation process indicate that our framework has minimal impact on existing subtitle documents and formats as well as on the playback performance.
Processability, microstructure and precipitation of a Zr-modified 2618 aluminium alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (2022)

Additive manufacturing offers the opportunity to produce complex geometries from novel alloys with improved properties. Adapting conventional alloys to the process-specific properties can facilitate rapid implementation of these materials in industrial practice. Nevertheless, the processing of conventional alloys by laser powder bed fusion is challenging, particularly in cases of pronounced susceptibility to hot cracking. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive influence of zirconium on the susceptibility to hot cracking of high-strength aluminum alloys, although its influence on precipitation formation, which is immensely important for 2xxx alloys, remains largely unexplored. This work investigates the optimum process parameters and precipitation formation of 2618 modified by zirconium in laser powder bed fusion. The addition of zirconium results in the production of a crack-free, high-density (~99.9%) material. The microstructure is characterized by a trimodal grain size distribution. Very fine (~0.5 µm) equiaxed grains, nucleated by L12-Al3Zr precipitation at the melt pool boundary, followed by columnar-dendritic grains (5–15 µm long, 1–3 µm wide) and coarser equiaxed grains (1–3 µm) form during solidification. The grain boundaries are populated predominantly by (Al,Cu)9FeNi, but also by Mg2Si, Al2CuMg, and AlCu, which presumably impede grain growth and promote a very fine-grained, low-textured microstructure, even in regions where L12-Al3Zr are absent. The as-built microhardness of 1360 ± 74 MPa exceeds that of the known high-strength Al alloys tailored to additive manufacturing, Addalloy™ and Scalmalloy®. The results provide a better understanding of precipitate formation in Zr-modified 2xxx series alloys and pave the way for the commercialization of further 2xxx alloys adapted to additive manufacturing.
Naval Automation and Information Management Technology (2006)

Abstract : Military uses of unmanned systems are growing. The use of unmanned systems, particularly UAVs, in the campaign in Afghanistan and in Iraqi Freedom operations demonstrated beyond any doubt the effectiveness and viability of unmanned systems in !SR as well as weapons delivery missions. As a result, in future military scenarios, large numbers of unmanned ground, air, underwater, and surface vehicles will work together, coordinated by an ever smaller number of human operators. In order to be operationally efficient, effective and useful, these robots must have competent physical and sensing abilities, must be able to perform complex tasks semi-autonomously, must be able to coordinate with each other, and must ultimately be observable and controllable in a useful and intuitive fashion by human operators. Under the Naval Automation and Information Management Technology Program (NAlMT), The Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC) of the University of West Florida has conducted advanced research on unmanned systems in the areas of (1) unmanned underwater vehicle mobility, (2) human-agent teamwork and agile computing and (3) mixed initiative human control. Progress made in FYO3 in each of these three areas is described below.
Supplementary Table 3 from <i>JAK3</i> Variant, Immune Signatures, DNA Methylation, and Social Determinants Linked to Survival Racial Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The top differentially altered pathways revealed by Gene Ontology (GO) clustering when comparing Black and NLW HNSCC patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Local analysis of Eu2+emission in CaAlSiN3 (2013)

We have investigated the local luminescence properties of Eu-doped CaAlSiN<sub>3</sub> by using low-energy electron beam (e-beam) techniques. The particles yield broad emission centered at 655 nm with a shoulder at higher wavelength under light excitation, and a broad band around 643 nm with a tail at 540 nm under e-beam excitation. Using cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), we have observed small and large particles, which, although with different compositions, exhibit Eu<sup>2+</sup>-related emissions at 645 and 635 nm, respectively. Local CL measurements reveal that the Eu<sup>2+</sup> emission may actually consist of several bands. In addition to the red broad band, regularly spaced sharp peaks have been occasionally observed. These luminescence variations may originate from a variation in the composition inside CaAlSiN<sub>3</sub>.
EIndole Compounds Against Breast Cancer: Recent Developments (2012)

Breast cancer is still the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide and new therapies and drugs are continuously being conceived and explored to better control or even cure this disease. Among the most efficacious low-molecular drugs for the treatment of breast cancer are indole derivatives such as 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), the structurally complex antimitotic vinca alkaloids, and the synthetic receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib. This review is to give an insight into the latest developments in the field of indole based drugs against breast cancers with a focus on those derived from natural products and on their targets and modes of action. Pertinent literature is covered from 2007 up to 2012.
Modeling and Comparison of Machine and Converter Losses for PWM and PAM in High-Speed Drives (2013)

For variable-speed drives, the interaction of the machine and the converter is becoming increasingly important, especially for high-speed applications, mainly due to the effect of the converter modulation on the machine losses. The allocation of the losses to different components of the drive system needs to be known in order to choose the ideal machine and modulation combination. In this paper, individual models are introduced for calculating the rotor, copper, and core losses of the machine as well as the inverter losses, taking the modulation type into account. These models are developed by considering two typical high-speed permanent-magnet synchronous motor topologies (slotted and slotless machines) driven by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters. The models are applied to two off-the-shelf machines and a converter operating with either PAM or PWM. The test bench used to experimentally verify the models is also described, and the model results are compared to the measurements. The results show that PAM produces a higher overall efficiency for the high-speed machines considered in this paper. However, PWM can be used to move the losses from the rotor to the converter at the expense of decreasing the overall drive efficiency. The possible benefits of these results are discussed.
5,8′-Dimethoxy-3H-1-benzofuran-2-spiro-2′-chroman (2005)

The crystal structure of the title compound, C18H18O4, has been investigated to establish the relative stereochemistry at the spiro ring junction. Each of the O atoms adjacent to the junction is an axial substituent of the neighboring ring; the adoption of this conformation is likely to be due to anomeric effects.
The customer-centered innovation map. (2008)

We all know that people "hire" products and services to get a job done. Surgeons hire scalpels to dissect soft tissue. Janitors hire soap dispensers and paper towels to remove grime from their hands. To find ways to innovate, it's critical to deconstruct the job the customer is trying to get done from beginning to end, to gain a complete view of all the points at which a customer might desire more help from a product or service. A methodology called job mapping helps companies analyze the biggest drawbacks of the products and services customers currently use and discover opportunities for innovation. It involves breaking down the task the customer wants to accomplish into the eight universal steps of a job: (1) defining the objectives, (2) locating the necessary inputs, (3) preparing the physical environment, (4) confirming that everything is ready, (5) executing the task, (6) monitoring its progress, (7) making modifications as necessary, and (8) concluding the job. Job mapping differs substantively from process mapping in that the goal is to identify what customers are trying to get done at every step, not what they are doing currently. For example, when an anesthesiologist checks a monitor during a surgical procedure, the action taken is just a means to the end. Detecting a change in patient vital signs is the job the doctor is trying to get done. Within each of the discrete steps lie multiple opportunities for making the job simpler, easier, or faster. By mapping out every step of the job and locating those opportunities, companies can discover new ways to differentiate their offerings.
Supplement 1: Controlling the sign of chromatic dispersion in diffractive optics with dielectric metasurfaces (2017)

Contains Sections S1 to S7, and Supplementary Figures Originally published in Optica on 20 June 2017 (optica-4-6-625)
Interest of Redox Molecular Grafting for Energy Storage Applications (2013)

International audience
Killing of Quiescent and Cycling Chronic Myeloid Leukemia CD34+ Cells by Autologous Ex-Vivo Expanded Natural Killer Cells Is Enhanced by Bortezomib Treatment. (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3395 Although non-cycling quiescent CD34+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells are more resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and cell-mediated immunity than their cycling counterparts, bortezomib treatment of these cells enhances the cytotoxic effect of allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells from HLA-identical sibling donors against them (Yong, et al, Blood 2009;113:875-82). To extend these observations for clinical application in CML patients ineligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation, we studied the effect of autologous NK cells from patients with established CML against cycling and quiescent CD34+ CML cells. Purified NK cells from CML patients were cultured over 11–18 days, according to the technique previously reported for NK cells from healthy individuals, using irradiated EBV-LCLs as feeder cells, and interleukin-2. Autologous NK cells were expanded in 12 (6 chronic phase, 6 accelerated phase [AP]) of 14 CML patients with overt disease, achieving greater than 10-fold NK expansion in over 75% of patients. Expanded autologous NK cells were BCR-ABL negative by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In two patients with advanced CML (one blast crisis and another AP), autologous NK cells failed to expand. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting, the progeny of CD34+ CML cells after 4 days culture in serum-free media supplemented with interleukin-3, interleukin-6, stem cell factor, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and Flt-3 ligand were isolated into cycling CD34-negative and CD34+, and non-cycling quiescent CD34+ populations. Expanded autologous NK cells lysed quiescent CD34+ cells from CML patients but these non-cycling cells were less susceptible to lysis than their cycling CD34+ and CD34-negative counterparts. Addition of the clinically achievable dose of 10nM bortezomib to CD34+ cell cultures significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of expanded autologous NK cells on cycling and quiescent non-cycling CD34+ CML cells by 20–40% compared to without pre-treatment. The increased sensitivity to autologous NK-cytotoxicity correlated with increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors DR4 and DR5 on the surface of CD34+ quiescent cells, and was reversed by blocking TRAIL. Conversely, enhanced autologous NK-cytotoxicity against cycling CD34+ cells occurred independent of TRAIL and was mediated through upregulation of NKG2D ligands MICA/B, and reversed by NKG2D blockade. The direct pharmacologic effect of bortezomib on primitive CML progenitors is complementary to its ability to sensitize quiescent and cycling CD34+ CML cells to autologous NK cell cytotoxicity, and these findings support its further development as an adjunct treatment with adoptive transfer of autologous expanded NK cells in CML patients who are resistant to TKI and are not eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Fiber microaxicons fabricated by a polishing technique for the generation of Bessel-like beams (2007)

We report a simple method for generating microaxicons at the extremity of commercial optical fibers. The proposed solution, based on a polishing technique, can readily produce any desired microaxicon cone angle and is independent of the nature of the fiber. An optical study of microaxicon performance, in terms of confinement ability and length of the generated Bessel-like beams, is presented as a function of the microaxicon angle. This study, made possible by the experimental acquisition of the 3D light distribution of the Bessel-like beams, reveals the relationship between the Bessel-like beam confinement zone and the beam length. Finally, the effect of diffraction of the Bessel-like beams, induced by the limited lateral extent of the incident fiber mode, is studied and discussed.
Exceptional points in tunable superconducting resonators (2019)

Exceptional points enable the fastest possible dissipative energy transfer between quantum systems and, hence, are potentially required in optimal cooling of qubits. The realization of exceptional points in superconducting circuits is particularly appealing because quantum circuits are key candidates for the emerging quantum computing. In the present work, the exceptional points are realized using a superconducting resonator with a tunable frequency and damping rate, provided by a superconducting quantum interference device and a quantum-circuit refrigerator, respectively.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Subtyping Using the Biomarkers Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1A and Cytokeratin-81 Correlates with Outcome and Treatment Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;a)+b) Bar graphs of the distribution of histopathological grade in IHC-derived subtypes of PDAC (p-value a:0.102 b:0.986) c) Bar graph of in depth analysis of histomorphological growth patterns (PR2 cohort) and molecular subtype. Y-axis depicts total number of cases. Combined/heterogeneous growth patterns depicted with "_". CD=classic ductal.&lt;/p&gt;