gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molded separation media: An inexpensive, efficient, and versatile alternative to packed columns for the fast HPLC separation of peptides, proteins, and synthetic oligomers and polymers (1996)

Abstract A simple molding process carried out within the confines of a chromatographic column has been used for the preparation of macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ co ‐ethylene dimethacrylate) and poly(styrene‐ co ‐divinylbenzene) rods. The novel monolithic separation media that are obtained are useful for the HPLC separation of biological and synthetic polymers. The presence of large pores with a diameter of about 1 μm makes the molded rod columns easily permeable to eluents. Therefore, the back pressure of these columns is modest even at high flow rates. In contrast to the conventional HPLC columns packed with beads, all of the mobile phase flows through the continuous monolithic medium. As a result of this total convection, the efficiency of the molded media is almost independent of the flow rate. This improves significantly the separation ability of the rod columns and very fast separations of macromolecules such as peptides, proteins, and synthetic polymers have been demonstrated.
Sex Differences in Functional Topography of Association Networks (2021)

ABSTRACT Prior work has shown that there is substantial interindividual variation in the spatial distribution of functional networks across the cerebral cortex, or functional topography . However, it remains unknown whether there are sex differences in the topography of individualized networks in youth. Here we leveraged an advanced machine learning method (sparsity-regularized nonnegative matrix factorization) to define individualized functional networks in 693 youth (ages 8-23 years) who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multivariate pattern analysis using support vector machines classified participant sex based on functional topography with 83% accuracy ( p &lt;0.0001). Brain regions most effective in classifying participant sex belonged to association networks, including the ventral attention and default mode networks. Mass-univariate analyses using generalized additive models with penalized splines provided convergent results. Comparative analysis using transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas revealed that sex differences in multivariate patterns of functional topography correlated with the expression of genes on the X-chromosome. These results identify normative developmental sex differences in the functional topography of association networks and highlight the role of sex as a biological variable in shaping brain development in youth. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We identify normative developmental sex differences in the functional topography of personalized association networks including the ventral attention network and default mode network. Furthermore, chromosomal enrichment analyses revealed that sex differences in multivariate patterns of functional topography were spatially coupled to the expression of X-linked genes as well as astrocytic and excitatory neuronal cell-type signatures. These results highlight the role of sex as a biological variable in shaping functional brain development in youth.
A Locked Nucleic Acid Oligonucleotide Targeting MicroRNA 122 Is Well-Tolerated in Cynomolgus Monkeys (2012)

MicroRNA 122 (miR-122) is liver specific, fine-tunes lipid metabolism, and is required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) abundance. Miravirsen, an oligonucleotide with locked nucleic acid, binds to miR-122, potently inhibiting its activity. We aimed at determining the safety of the miR-122 antagonism in vivo in 6 to 10 cynomolgus monkeys/group intravenously treated with a range of dose levels twice weekly for 4 weeks. Survival, body weights, clinical signs, and cardiovascular and ophthalmologic parameters were unaffected. Anticipated hypolipidemia due to the inhibition of miR-122 was observed in all treated animals. Only the highest dose level produced distinct transient prolongations of clotting times, slight alternative complement pathway activation, and a reversible increase of hepatic transaminases. Distribution half-life was 10-20 minutes, and accumulation was mainly in the kidney and liver with slow elimination. Microscopic examinations revealed granulated Kupffer cells and lymph node macrophages, cytoplasmic vacuolation in proximal renal tubules, and hepatocytes. The granules were most likely phagolysosomes containing miravirsen. A slightly increased incidence of hepatocyte apoptosis was observed in some monkeys given the highest dose; otherwise, there was no evidence of treatment-related degenerative changes in any organ. In conclusion, the maximal inhibition of miR-122 was associated with limited phenotypic changes, indicating that the clinical assessment of miravirsen as host factor antagonist for treatment of HCV infections is warranted.
2′‐Fluoro RNA Shows Increased Watson–Crick H‐Bonding Strength and Stacking Relative to RNA: Evidence from NMR and Thermodynamic Data (2012)

F macht stabil: Der Einbau von 2′-Desoxy-2′-fluorribonucleotiden (2′-F-RNA) in RNA-Oligomere erhöht die Stabilität der resultierenden Doppelstränge deutlich. NMR-Spektroskopie mit nativen (rote Kreise) und 2′-F-modifizierten RNA-Doppelsträngen (schwarze Quadrate) sowie UV-Schmelzexperimente zeigen, dass die höhere Stabilität für 2′-F-RNA im Vergleich zu RNA sowohl auf stärkere Wasserstoffbrücken der Watson-Crick-Paare als auch auf eine günstige Basenstapelung zurückgeht.
Modeling and PSPICE simulation of a power resonant converter (1994)

This paper describes the analysis, design and simulation of the series-parallel resonant converter under various load conditions. The converter's operation is described in detail. Also, the control characteristic curves are shown, from which the design procedure is developed. A specific design example with PSPICE simulation results is presented for the proposed topology. Finally, the simulated results are compared to the theoretical ones.
Superconducting ceramics of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox prepared by heating in a vacuum-sealed vessel (1992)

Superconducting ceramics in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system have so far been prepared by heating in air or oxygen-containing atmosphere, but not in oxygen-free atmosphere such as vacuum or inert gas atmosphere. No one has reported converting the precursor (nonsuperconducting) ceramics sealed in an evacuated metal or glass pipe into superconducting ceramics. Metal or glass coated high Tc superconducting ceramics are in a great and strong demand for industrial uses; the coating is essential for protecting the ceramics for mechanical and chemical damage. We have found that as-cast specimens of the Ag2O-doped Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox melt prepared in air exhibit superconductivity (Tc≊85 K) after heat treatment in an evacuated and sealed silica glass tube. This finding indicates we are able to fabricate a desired shape of superconducting Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox ceramic sealed in glasses.
Gramicidin S is active against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria (1996)

Four linear and four cyclic analogs of gramicidin S (GS) in which D-Phe was replaced with either D-His, D-Ser, D-Tyr or D-Asn have been prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and characterized with respect to antibacterial, antifungal and hemolytic activity. Unlike previous reports, GS and a number of cyclic analogs were found to be active against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. GS showed MICs ranging from 3 to 12.5 micrograms/mL for gram-negative bacteria, compared to MICs of 3 micrograms/mL for gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, these analogs were also found to exhibit antifungal activity. Unlike the cyclic analogs, all linear analogs were found to be inactive against a wide range of microorganisms tested, and showed low levels of hemolytic activity. The antibacterial activity was found to be highly dependent on the type of assay used, with solution-based assays showing greater activity against gram-negative bacteria than agar-based assays. The GS cyclic analogs were all less toxic than GS itself, with the analog containing the D-Phe to D-Tyr substitution showing the greatest activity of the synthetic analogs. Hemolytic activity in solution against human and sheep red blood cells paralleled antibiotic activity, with those peptides exhibiting greater antibiotic activity generally showing greater hemolytic activity. Membrane destabilization as monitored using the hydrophobic probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine was also found to parallel antibacterial and hemolytic activity of cyclic and linear analogs. These results indicate that GS and certain related analogs may have applications as broad-spectrum antibiotics and should be reevaluated for such purposes.
Single fiber confocal microscope using a two-axis microscanner for cellular imaging (2006)

We present a single fiber reflectance confocal microscope with a 2D MEMS gimbaled scanner. Achieved lateral and axial resolutions are 1.0×1.4 μm and 19 μm, respectively. The field of view is 140×100 μm at 8 frames/second.
Normalization and Back-Transliteration for Code-Switched Data (2021)

Codeswitching is an omnipresent phe nomenon in multilingual communities all around the world but remains a challenge for NLP systems due to the lack of proper data and processing techniques. HindiEnglish codeswitched text on social media is often transliterated to the Roman script which prevents from utilizing monolingual resources available in the native Devanagari script. In this paper, we propose a method to nor malize and backtransliterate codeswitched HindiEnglish text. In addition, we present a graphemetophoneme (G2P) conversion technique for romanized Hindi data. We also release a dataset of scriptcorrected HindiEnglish codeswitched sentences labeled for the named entity recognition and partofspeech tagging tasks to facilitate further research in this area.
Anti–GM1 IgG antibodies induce leukocyte effector functions via Fcγ receptors (2003)

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated neuropathy, in which leukocytes and humoral components of the immune system proposedly initiate localized inflammation. An important pathogenic role for anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies has been suggested. Therefore, we evaluated anti-GM1 IgG antibody-induced leukocyte effector functions such as degranulation and phagocytosis using serum of 24 GBS patients. Serum without anti-GM1 antibodies of 9 GBS patients as well as pooled serum from healthy individuals served as controls. Ten out of 15 (67%) of anti-GM1 IgG positive sera were capable of inducing leukocyte degranulation, and 8 out of 15 (53%) of anti-GM1 IgG positive sera were capable of inducing phagocytosis of GM1-coated beads. In all of these sera anti-GM1 antibody titers were >or=1:800. No leukocyte degranulation or phagocytosis was observed in control sera. Leukocyte activation was completely abrogated in the presence of IgG receptor (FcgammaR) blocking antibodies, suggesting a crucial role for leukocyte FcgammaR in GBS pathogenesis. No correlation of antibody titers with the extent of leukocyte activation, or severity of disease was observed. These data document the capacity of anti-GM1 IgG antibodies to activate leukocyte inflammatory functions, and suggest an important role for anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies in the pathogenesis of GBS.
Direct in vitro effect of a sulfonylurea to increase human fibroblast insulin receptors. (1980)

We have studied the effects of the oral sulfonylurea agent glyburide to modulate insulin receptors on nontransformed human fibroblasts in tissue culture. When glyburide was added to monolayers of human fibroblasts, a dose-dependent increase in the number of cell surface receptors was observed with a maximum effect (19% increase) seen at 1 microgram/ml glyburide. Insulin can induce a loss of insulin receptors in these cells, and when fibroblasts are exposed to 100 ng/ml insulin for 6 h, approximately 60% of the initial complement of cell surface receptors are lost. When the process of insulin-induced receptor loss (or down regulation) was studied in the presence of glyburide, the drug exerted a marked inhibitory effect on this regulatory process. Thus, glyburide inhibited insulin-induced receptor loss in a dose-dependent fashion, and the maximally effective drug concentration (1 microgram/ml) inhibited 34% of the receptor loss. These studies demonstrate a direct in vitro effect of this oral hypoglycemic agent to increase the number of cell surface insulin receptors or prevent their loss, presumably by slowing the rate of receptor internalization. These findings may explain the well known extrapancreatic effect of sulfonylurea agents to improve insulin-mediated tissue glucose metabolism.
Probing Distance‐Dependent Plasmon‐Enhanced Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Using Polyelectrolyte Multilayers as Dielectric Spacers (2013)

Abstract Owing to their applications in biodetection and molecular bioimaging, near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes are being extensively investigated. Most of the existing NIR dyes exhibit poor quantum yield, which hinders their translation to preclinical and clinical settings. Plasmonic nanostructures are known to act as tiny antennae for efficiently focusing the electromagnetic field into nanoscale volumes. The fluorescence emission from NIR dyes can be enhanced by more than thousand times by precisely placing them in proximity to gold nanorods. We have employed polyelectrolyte multilayers fabricated using layer‐by‐layer assembly as dielectric spacers for precisely tuning the distance between gold nanorods and NIR dyes. The aspect ratio of the gold nanorods was tuned to match the longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength with the absorption maximum of the NIR dye to maximize the plasmonically enhanced fluorescence. The design criteria derived from this study lays the groundwork for ultrabright fluorescence bullets for in vitro and in vivo molecular bioimaging.
Burden of infection in Australian infants (2020)

Infection, especially of the respiratory tract, is a common cause of morbidity in Australian infants. Several potentially modifiable risk factors were identified, particularly for respiratory infections. Most infections were managed by general practitioners and 1 in 10 infants attended an emergency department with infection in the first year of life.
Bing-Neel Syndrome: A Rare Complication of Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (2014)

Abstract A sixty-one year-old Hispanic female with Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia diagnosed in 2011 and successfully treated with 6 monthly cycles of Cyclophosphamide, Rituximab and Dexamethasone (CDR) from 12/11 through 5/12 was then put on a two-year maintenance scheme with Rituximab every three months. In February, 2014 (six months before the end of the planned treatment), she came to the ER complaining with severe headache, aphasia and blurred vision. A stroke was initially ruled out and she received Paracetamol with partial improvement. Nonetheless, symptoms re-appeared accompanied with disorientation and agitation. Antipsychotic medication was given with no improvement. On PE she was disoriented with aphasia, paraparetic and neck stiffness suggestive of meningitis. Blood tests, a MRI and lumbar puncture were performed showing leptomeningeal hyperintensity with no signs of encephalitis (Figure 1). Figure 1 Leptomeningeal reinforcement as seen in MRI. Figure 1. Leptomeningeal reinforcement as seen in MRI. CSF analysis showed WBC 64 cells/µL, (95% MNC), glucose= 9.8 mg/dL and proteins= 110 g/dL. Gram dye was negative. A geneXpert for Tuberculosis was negative. CSF cytology showed an infiltration of lymphoid neoplastic cells confirmed by cytochemistry (Figures 2a and 2b). Figure 2a: CD 20+ and 2b: kappa + neoplastic cells in CSF Figure 2a:. CD 20+ and 2b: kappa + neoplastic cells in CSF Figure 3 Figure 3. With these results a Bing Neel syndrome was diagnosed and IT Methotrexate was given for a total of 6 doses resulting in a nice reduction of the neoplastic cells. However, she relapsed in April/2014 and IV Fludarabine was started. We are planning to add IT liposomal Cytarabine. Additionally, MYD 88 gene mutation was detected. DISCUSSION: There are only 33 reported cases of Bing-Neel syndrome in the medical literature for the last 80 years and this one has been confirmed with the newest tools such as: MRI, cytochemistry and gene mutation. CONCLUSION: Bing-Neel syndrome should be suspected in every patient with Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia and CNS impairment. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Floodmap measurement of a pixellated gamma scintillation detector module using fully integrated readout (2011)

Scintillation crystal arrays with narrow pitch are a very powerful tool to develop high spatial resolution γ ray detectors, e.g. as they are used in preclinical PET applications. In order to keep the number of detector channels as low as possible, light guides are used. As a result, the light from one crystal is spread over a number of larger detector elements, which allow a reconstruction of the position of the scintillation process by analyzing the energy contribution of several adjacent channels. In this case a proper measurement of the light distribution is very demanding, because missing channels with low amount of optical photons could significantly influence the position estimation. In this paper we present a fully integrated system comprising the scintillator crystals, a light spreader, SiPM photon detectors, and ASIC readout electronics that include a neighbor logic to improve position estimation. We show first flood histogram measurement which demonstrates clear identification of most of the crystals.
High-Temperature Catalysts for the Production of α-Olefins Based on Iron(II) and Cobalt(II) Tridentate Bis(imino)pyridine Complexes with a Double Pattern of Substitution: o-Methyl plus o-Fluorine in the Same Imino Arm (2008)

The new series of bis(imino)pyridine ligands [2-F-6-MePhN═C(Me)PyC(Me)═NPh-2-F-6-Me] (14), [2-F-6-MePhN═C(Me)PyC(Me)═NPh-2-Me] (19), and [2-F-6-MePhN═C(Me)PyC(Me)═N-Ph-2,4-Me2] (20) and their corresponding Fe(II) complexes [{2-F-6-Me-PhN═C(Me)PyC(Me)═NPh-2-F-6-Me}FeCl2] (4), [{2-F-6-MePhN═C(Me)PyC(Me)═NPh-2-Me}FeCl2] (5), and {[2-F-6-MePhN═C(Me)PyC(Me)═NPh-2,4-Me2]FeCl2} (6) and Co(II) complex [{2-F-6-MePhN═C(Me)PyC(Me)═NPh-2-Me}CoI2] (7) with a double pattern of substitution, o-methyl plus o-fluorine in the same imino arm, were synthesized and fully characterized. According to X-ray analysis 4, 5, and 7 exist mostly in the unexpected “up-up” conformers in the solid state. The Co−N bonds in 7 are shorter than the corresponding Fe−N bonds in the analogous complex 5 by 0.003−0.025 Å. This shortening of metal−N bonds going from iron(II) to cobalt(II) complexes can be explained by the smaller van der Waals radius of Co vs. that of Fe. The Fe complexes 4–6 afforded very productive catalysts for the production of α-olefins with a more linear Schultz−Flory distribution of α-olefins and with higher K values than the parent methyl-substituted Fe(II) complex [{2-MePhN═C(Me)PyC(Me)═NPh-2-Me}FeCl2] (1). The cobalt complex 7 was found to have very low activity in α-olefin oligomerization experiments within the tested range of temperatures (60–130 °C).
Capillary electrophoresis monitoring of halide impurities in ionic liquids (2004)

Quantification of impurities in ionic liquids is a crucial task in assessing the reliability of physical constants and solvent properties: taking into account the particularities of the ionic matrix, a simple routine method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) is developed to determine the halide content at the ppm level in water-immiscible ionic liquids.
Author Correction: Dapagliflozin in heart failure with improved ejection fraction: a prespecified analysis of the DELIVER trial (2023)

In the version of this article initially published, there was an error in the abstract, where in the sentence now reading, in part, "In participants with HFimpEF first worsening heart failure events (HR = 0.84)," the hazard ratio originally read "0.78," while in the second paragraph of the "Outcomes by HFimpEF status" Results subsection, in the sentence now reading, in part, "The effect of dapagliflozin on HF outcomes was also similar in those with HFimpEF (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.61-1.14)and those with LVEF consistently over 40% (HR = 0.78)," the hazard ratio values were mistakenly interchanged.
Responses of Patients with Insulinomas to Stimulators and Inhibitors of Insulin Release That Have Been Linked with Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (1979)

The study comprises nine consecutive patients who had pancreatic beta-cell tumors and spontaneous hypoglycemia, seven of whom had verified, benign insulinomas and one a malignant insulinoma with metastases to the liver. The ninth patient, who refused surgery, was followed for three years without displaying any signs of malignancy. Among the patients with benign insulinomas, three showed exaggerated, two normal, and two unusual insulin responses to glucose. One such patient as well as the one with a malignant tumor did not respond to glucose. In general, the insulin responses to glucagon were similar to those to glucose. Somatostatin reduced basal insulin levels as well as the responses to glucose and glucagon only in subjects with normal or exaggerated responses to these agents. Einephrine behaved like somatostatin when insulin release was stimulated by glucose, but it was a weak inhibitor of the glucagon-stimulated response. The subject with the malignant insulinoma did not respond to either glucose or somatostatin. The remission of the disease, which followed streptozotocin treatment, was accompanied by restoration of the normal responsiveness to the above agents. Glucagon stimulates insulin release by increasing the intracellular level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The effects of glucose, somatostatin, and epinephrine are supposed to be mediated, at least partially, by way of the adenylcyclase-cyclic AMP system. Therefore, the present data suggest that the variability of the beta-cell responsiveness to glucose and glucagon in patients with insulinoma reflects the responsiveness of the adenylcyclase-cyclic AMP system of the beta-cell tumor, which may be exaggerated, normal, or absent.
Streptococcus suis-Related Prosthetic Joint Infection and Streptococcal Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome in a Pig Farmer in the United States (2014)

Streptococcus suis is an emerging swine-associated zoonotic agent that can cause meningitis and septicemia in humans. We present, to our knowledge, the first case of S. suis arthroplasty infection and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome due to an nonencapsulated serotype 5 strain in North America.
Utility of the multitarget stool DNA test for detection of colorectal neoplasia (2017)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an ideal target for screening because it and its precursor lesions are prevalent and can be detected at curable stages among asymptomatic persons. Different screening strategies have been shown to reduce CRC incidence and mortality; therefore, CRC screening is widely recommended. However, despite these demonstrated benefits, a large percentage of the population remains unscreened and efforts are underway in multiple countries to improve screening participation. The multitarget stool DNA test (MT-sDNA) is a new noninvasive option for CRC screening that is a now recommended as a primary CRC screening strategy in the updated guidelines by the US Preventive Services Task Force, American Cancer Society and National Comprehensive Cancer Network. MT-sDNA has high accuracy for detection of both CRC and polyps at the greatest risk of progression, and has potential to improve screening uptake and effectiveness. This review provides a summary of MT-sDNA performance for detection of colorectal neoplasia and a perspective on the value it adds to our screening tool kit.