gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and applications of nanostructures created by stencil lithography (2009)

We present an analysis on the blurring, electrical and optical properties of nanostructures fabricated by stencil lithography and their application for biomolecular sensing. We analyze the effect of the stencil-substrate gap on the blurring, then we present the fabrication and electrical characteristics of nanowires on plastic substrates, and finally, we demonstrate the application of nanodots for biomolecular detection based on plasmon resonance. To study the effect of the gap, we have designed and fabricated stencils having plateaus with apertures at different heights. The measured blurring of the structures is ~200 nm for a 40 mum gap. We have also observed a decrease in the thickness of the structure as the gap increases. Using stencil lithography, we have fabricated Au nanowires and arrays of Au nanodots. The nanowires were deposited on plastic substrates, having widths down to 80 nm and lengths up to 20 mum. The electrical resistivity of the wires is 7-10 muOmegacm. Finally, we have deposited Au nanodot arrays on glass and silicon substrates. The arrays contain nanodots 65 nm and 100 nm in diameter with different spacing between them. The localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength of the dots is ~800 nm. These arrays have been successfully used as biosensors, showing a resonance wavelength shift when biomolecules bind to the structures.
Simplified dragonfly airfoil aerodynamics at Reynolds numbers below 8000 (2009)

Effective aerodynamics at Reynolds numbers lower than 10 000 is of great technological interest and a fundamental scientific challenge. The current study covers a Reynolds number range of 2000–8000. At these Reynolds numbers, natural insect flight could provide inspiration for technology development. Insect wings are commonly characterized by corrugated airfoils. In particular, the airfoil of the dragonfly, which is able to glide, can be used for two-dimensional aerodynamic study of fixed rigid wings. In this study, a simplified dragonfly airfoil is numerically analyzed in a steady free-stream flow. The aerodynamic performance (such as mean and fluctuating lift and drag), are first compared to a “traditional” low Reynolds number airfoil: the Eppler-E61. The numerical results demonstrate superior performances of the corrugated airfoil. A series of low-speed wind and water tunnel experiments were performed on the corrugated airfoil, to validate the numerical results. The findings indicate quantitative agreement with the mean wake velocity profiles and shedding frequencies while validating the two dimensionality of the flow. A flow physics numerical study was performed in order to understand the underlying mechanism of corrugated airfoils at these Reynolds numbers. Airfoil shapes based on the flow field characteristics of the corrugated airfoil were built and analyzed. Their performances were compared to those of the corrugated airfoil, stressing the advantages of the latter. It was found that the flow which separates from the corrugations and forms spanwise vortices intermittently reattaches to the aft-upper arc region of the airfoil. This mechanism is responsible for the relatively low intensity of the vortices in the airfoil wake, reducing the drag and increasing the flight performances of this kind of corrugated airfoil as compared to traditional low Reynolds number airfoils such as the Eppler E-61.
Measuring Rates and Impact of Corrosion on DOD Equipment (2008)

A large scale atmospheric corrosion monitoring test was undertaken for the purpose of characterizing environmental severity. This work was conducted at ground based Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and Air Force sites. At present over 73 sites are in operation. This work adds to the existing worldwide databases to include new military and/or related sites not previously monitored. In addition and to the extent that such data are available, relevant weather data was collected from public or military sources in order to test existing corrosion algorithms for each site. Many of the 1 year exposures have been successfully completed. However, all of the exposures currently in progress will not be completed until early 2008. Sample analyses are in progress. New data have been obtained to show the important effects of sheltering on reducing corrosion rates. Data from Daytona Beach and Tyndall AFB show that even a relatively simple open structure/sunshade can reduce corrosion rates by factors of 2 or 3. New data are being reported on corrosion vs. distance from ocean. Data were also collected for the comparison of corrosion severity among commonly used test sites and within selected sites (multiple locations within a base.)
Measurement ofD*±meson production in jets fromppcollisions ats=7  TeVwith the ATLAS detector (2012)

This paper reports a measurement of D AE meson production in jets from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of ffiffi ffi s p 7 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is based on a data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector with an integrated luminosity of 0:30 pb 1 for jets with transverse momentum between 25 and 70 GeV in the pseudorapidity range jj < 2:5. D AE mesons found in jets are fully reconstructed in the decay chain:
Electrocochleography in Cochlear Implant Recipients With Residual Hearing: Comparison With Audiometric Thresholds (2016)

ECoG thresholds may provide a useful metric for the assessment of residual hearing in cochlear implant subjects for whom it is not possible to perform behavioral audiometric testing.
STAT3 inhibition for cancer therapy: Cell-autonomous effects only? (2016)

A paper recently published in Science Translational Medicine describes a next-generation antisense oligonucleotide that specifically downregulates the expression of human signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Such an oligonucleotide, AZD9150, exerts antineoplastic effects on a selected panel of STAT3-dependent human cancer cells growing in vitro and in vivo (as xenografts in immunodeficient mice). Moreover, preliminary data from a Phase I clinical trial indicate that AZD9150 may cause partial tumor regression in patients with chemorefractory lymphoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. STAT3 not only participates in cell-autonomous processes that are required for the survival and growth of malignant cells, but also limits their ability to elicit anticancer immune responses. Moreover, STAT3 contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, the inhibition of STAT3 may promote immunosurveillance by a dual mechanism: (1) it may increase the immunogenicity of cancer cells via cell-autonomous pathways; and (2) it may favor the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment toward an immunostimulatory state. It will therefore be important to explore whether immunological biomarkers predict the efficacy of AZD9150 in the clinic. This may ameliorate patient stratification and it may pave the way for rational combination therapies involving classical chemotherapeutics with immunostimulatory effects, AZD9150 and immunotherapeutic agents such as checkpoint blockers.
A New Path Forward for Understanding Microstructural Evolution during Welding (2008)

Over the past century, the principal method for estimating the sequence of microstructural events that produce the final weld microstructure has been postweld microstructure analysis, and it's the interpretation of these microstructures that sets welding metallurgy apart from other related endeavors. In conjunction with heat flow analysis and thermodynamic principles, the postweld microstructural interpretation of grain sizes and shapes, second-phase particles, interphase boundaries, and composition gradients provide the framework for interpreting the events that lead to the final microstructure. However, without direct and confirming evidence of the actual phases that exist during welding, multiple interpretations for microstructural evolution of welds often occur. For this reason, methods for the direct observation of the phases and phase transformations that occur during welding was developed. This paper summarizes the 2007 Adams Lecture titled A New Path for Understanding Microstructural Evolution during Welding Using Synchrotron Radiation, where real-time X-ray diffraction methods were presented as a means for the direct observation of phase transformations during welding.
A Ground Truth Data Set for Nikon Camera's Spectral Sensitivity Estimation (2014)

Camera spectral sensitivity functions are obtained either by measurements in the laboratory or via estimation algorithms. A procedure for camera spectral sensitivity measurement is explained in this article, which aims to provide high accuracy ground-truth values with known uncertainty. The measurements were carried out on a Nikon D5100 camera at the National Physical Laboratory, London. We use the obtained ground truth spectral sensitivity functions to evaluate the performance of some estimation algorithms reported in the literature. We conclude that the estimated sensitivities are not as accurate as the ground truth spectral sensitivities and further improvements are required. We validate previous work, which shows that a known camera basis provides a powerful constraint for estimation. We have made the ground truth spectral sensitivities measured at NPL along with the detailed uncertainty levels available online for the community to use as a reference data set.
Supplementary Methods from Inhibition of Mitochondrial Matrix Chaperones and Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Family Proteins Empower Antitumor Therapeutic Responses (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
TREM2+ and interstitial-like macrophages orchestrate airway inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques (2023)

The immunopathological mechanisms driving the development of severe COVID-19 remain poorly defined. Here, we utilize a rhesus macaque model of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection to delineate perturbations in the innate immune system. SARS-CoV-2 initiates a rapid infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells into the lower airway, commensurate with IFNA production, natural killer cell activation, and a significant increase of blood CD14<sup>-</sup>CD16<sup>+</sup> monocytes. To dissect the contribution of lung myeloid subsets to airway inflammation, we generate a longitudinal scRNA-Seq dataset of airway cells, and map these subsets to corresponding populations in the human lung. SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a rapid recruitment of two macrophage subsets: CD163<sup>+</sup>MRC1<sup>-</sup>, and TREM2<sup>+</sup> populations that are the predominant source of inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with baricitinib (Olumiant®), a JAK1/2 inhibitor is effective in eliminating the influx of non-alveolar macrophages, with a reduction of inflammatory cytokines. This study delineates the major lung macrophage subsets driving airway inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Real Time Passenger Mass Estimation for e-scooters (2023)

Dockless electric scooters have proven, nowadays, to be a competitive solution in the urban micro-mobility environment. However, recent studies underline how electric scooters’ sustainability is closely related to their lifetime and recharging frequency. Since these depend significantly on the onboard mass, this paper presents two approaches, i.e., gray-box and black-box, to estimate this parameter relying only on the measurements from GPS and IMU sensors installed on the e-scooter. The robustness and the accuracy of the mass estimation is tested on extensive datasets collected in ad-hoc experimental campaigns.
Enhancement of IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN Ranging Performance with EIED Backoff Algorithm (2007)

EIED backoff algorithm was proposed in Song et al., (2003) to enhance the performance of the IEEE 802.11 DCF. EIED provides significant performance improvement without additional complexity. In this paper, we applied EIED to the periodic ranging process of IEEE 802.16, where BEB was originally used. As a performance metric, the average number of tries per periodic ranging attempt was used. The performance was shown analytically, which was verified by computer simulation. The performance results of EIED in the periodic ranging process of IEEE 802.16 are compared to those of BEB. The performance results show that EIED provides a significant performance gain over BEB. Using EIED, we can achieve comparable performance as BEB with significantly smaller set of ranging CDMA codes.
Energy Not Exchanged: A Metric to Quantify Energy Resilience in Smart Grids (2023)

In high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events, resilience is defined as the ability of a system to return to a normal operating state after a failure. The generalization of information technologies and distributed renewable production is transforming the power grid into the so-called smart grid, thus allowing for new mitigation methods to address failures. After illustrating the limits of currently existing metrics, this paper proposes a method to quantify the resilience of smart grids during physical line faults while identifying the most impactful failures. For this purpose, a new resilience metric is defined in order to quantify Energy Not Exchanged (ENE). The calculation of this metric in a power grid via the optimal power flow (OPF) serves, therefore, to quantify the extreme resilience of the grid. In addition, various mitigation strategies, which enable maintaining a high level of resilience, despite the presence of failure, are simulated and then compared to one another (tie switch and microgrid formation).
Semi-supervised semantic segmentation needs strong, varied perturbations (2019)

Consistency regularization describes a class of approaches that have yielded ground breaking results in semi-supervised classification problems. Prior work has established the cluster assumption - under which the data distribution consists of uniform class clusters of samples separated by low density regions - as important to its success. We analyze the problem of semantic segmentation and find that its' distribution does not exhibit low density regions separating classes and offer this as an explanation for why semi-supervised segmentation is a challenging problem, with only a few reports of success. We then identify choice of augmentation as key to obtaining reliable performance without such low-density regions. We find that adapted variants of the recently proposed CutOut and CutMix augmentation techniques yield state-of-the-art semi-supervised semantic segmentation results in standard datasets. Furthermore, given its challenging nature we propose that semantic segmentation acts as an effective acid test for evaluating semi-supervised regularizers. Implementation at: https://github.com/Britefury/cutmix-semisup-seg.
Tumor Resistance to Apoptosis (2004)

Anticancer therapeutic regimens such as chemo-, radiation-, and immunotherapy may trigger tumor-cell death through the induction of apoptosis. Alterations in the apoptotic pathways may determine tumor resistance to current therapeutic strategies. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of apoptosis and how tumor cells evade apoptotic death may provide insight into the processes of carcinogenesis and the progression of various malignancies, making it possible to use more rational approaches to antitumor therapy.
Expression and secretion of the staphylococcal nuclease in lactococcus lactis (1995)

Abstracts for oral and poster presentations*INRA, laboratoire de Génétique Microbienne, Jouy-en-Josas (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA, laboratoire de Génétique Microbienne, Jouy-en-Josas (FRA)
Maintenance of Sagittal Plane Alignment After Surgical Correction of Spinal Deformity in Patients With Cerebral Palsy (2003)

Preoperative hyperkyphosis in the thoracic, thoracolumbar, or lumbar spine was associated with an increased incidence of proximal and distal loss of sagittal plane correction in patients with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy treated with Luque-Galveston instrumentation alone. An anterior lumbar release and fusion without instrumentation in a patient with thoracolumbar or lumbar kyphosis increased the risk for posterior pullout of the Galveston rods from the pelvis.
Pediatric solid tumors: embryonal cell oncogenesis (2013)

Solid tumors that occur in children and adolescents are rare, but have significantly contributed to the understanding of cancer biology. A famous example is Knudson's epidemiologic study of retinoblastoma patients that predicted the role of tumor-suppressor genes in human cancers (1–3). Pediatric solid-tumor investigations were critical to the discovery of pathognomonic chromosomal translocations, which classified difficult-to-diagnose, small round blue-cell tumors, and led to potential targets for novel therapeutics (4). This chapter will provide synopses of pediatric solid tumors where mechanistic insights have provided an understanding of pathobiology and targets for therapy.
Supplementary Table 2 from An Expression Signature as an Aid to the Histologic Classification of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of the Classifier in 23 public lung cancer expression datasets&lt;/p&gt;
Inflammatory reactions in placental blood of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected women and high concentrations of soluble E‐selectin and a circulating P. falciparum protein in the cord sera (1998)

To better understand reasons for increased susceptibility to malaria in pregnancy; and the interrelationships between maternal malaria, local immune reactions and the development of the fetus, concentrations of soluble interleukin-10 (IL-10), cytokine receptors, adhesion molecules, a Plasmodium falciparum protein, glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) and antibodies to P. falciparum rhoptry-associated protein-1 were measured among 105 Gambian women and their neonates. Peripheral blood concentrations of IL-10, soluble cytokine receptors and soluble adhesion molecules were found to be different from those concentrations measured in the placenta. Markers of inflammatory reactions: IL-10, sIL-2R, sIL-4R, and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor I (sTNF-RI) were found in high concentrations in the placenta, indicating that inflammatory reactions take place in the placenta which has been regarded as an immunoprivileged site. Concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), potential adhesion receptors for malaria parasites, were associated with an active P. falciparum infection in the placenta although the associations did not reach significance. P. falciparum exoantigen, GLURP, was detected in cord blood indicating transplacental passage of malarial antigens. Concentrations of E-selectin were higher in cord blood samples compared with peripheral blood samples. This appeared to be associated with development of cord endothelial cells and not with P. falciparum infection.
Dual-band predistortion linearization of an envelope modulated power amplifier operated in concurrent multi-standard mode (2014)

This paper reports a dual band predistortion linearization technique for an envelope modulator based transmitter operated in concurrent multi-band, multi-standard mode driven by 20 MHz bandwidth LTE and 4 carrier 20 MHz bandwidth WCDMA signals. To reduce the speed of the composite envelope path, a bandwidth reduced combined envelope signal is used for the dynamic supply of the dual-band PA. Measurement results using the dual-band linearization technique show an increase of over 10 dB in ACPR and 15% in average operating efficiency.
Supplementary Table 1 from The Association of PI3 Kinase Signaling and Chemoresistance in Advanced Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 66KB, Oncogenes and mutations detected using the OncoCarta Panel v1.0.&lt;/p&gt;
Thermal behavior and cluster formation of ferromagnetic particles in magnetic fluids (2001)

Thermal behavior and cluster formation of ferromagnetic particles in the water-based, kerosene-based and alkyl-naphthalene-based magnetic fluids were investigated using an optical microscope system. Real-time visualization of the Brownian motion and the chain-like cluster formation of three types of particles were carried out under a magnetic field. The influence of the magnetic field intensity and the temperature variation on cluster formation of ferromagnetic particles was investigated.
Photodynamic therapy outcome modelling for patients with spinal metastases: a simulation-based study (2021)

Spinal metastases often occur in the advanced stages of breast, lung or prostate cancer, resulting in a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Current treatment modalities for spinal metastases include both systemic and localized treatments that aim to decrease pain, improve mobility and structural stability, and control tumour growth. With the development of non-toxic photosensitizer drugs, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise as a minimally invasive non-thermal alternative in oncology, including for spinal metastases. To apply PDT to spinal metastases, predictive algorithms that optimize tumour treatment and minimize the risk of spinal cord damage are needed to assess the feasibility of the treatment and encourage a broad acceptance of PDT in clinical trials. This work presents a framework for PDT modelling and planning, and simulates the feasibility of using a BPD-MA mediated PDT to treat bone metastases at two different wavelengths (690 nm and 565 nm). An open-source software for PDT planning, PDT-SPACE, is used to evaluate different configurations of light diffusers (cut-end and cylindrical) fibres with optimized power allocation in order to minimize the damage to spinal cord or maximize tumour destruction. The work is simulated on three CT images of metastatically involved vertebrae acquired from three patients with spinal metastases secondary to colorectal or lung cancer. Simulation results show that PDT at a 565 nm wavelength has the ability to treat 90% of the metastatic lesion with less than 17% damage to the spinal cord. However, the energy required, and hence treatment time, to achieve this outcome with the 565 nm is infeasible. The energy required and treatment time for the longer wavelength of 690 nm is feasible ([Formula: see text] min), but treatment aimed at 90% of the metastatic lesion would severely damage the proximal spinal cord. PDT-SPACE provides a simulation platform that can be used to optimize PDT delivery in the metastatic spine. While this work serves as a prospective methodology to analyze the feasibility of PDT for tumour ablation in the spine, preclinical studies in an animal model are ongoing to elucidate the spinal cord damage extent as a function of PDT dose, and the resulting short and long term functional impairments. These will be required before there can be any consideration of clinical trials.
Programmable Polarization-Independent Electrooptic Matched Bandpass Filter Utilizing Symmetric Branch Beam Splitters in Ti&#x2009;:&#x2009;<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\hbox{LiNbO}_{3}$</tex> </formula> (2007)

A polarization-independent two-port guided-wave electrooptically tunable bandpass filter with programmable spectral output in Ti: LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> at the 1530-nm wavelength regime is presented. The design utilizes an asymmetric interferometer with interdigital electrode sets on its arms that allow the control of the polarization coupling coefficient on individual sets electronically for the simultaneous tuning and apodization of the spectral output. The operation of a device with 16 electrode sets is demonstrated, and good agreement with theoretical predictions is obtained. The number of selectable channels depends on the number of electrode sets. A 3-dB bandwidth of ~1 nm and a tuning range of 10 nm are measured. Nearest sidelobes ~20 dB below the main peak are realized. Fiber-to-fiber insertion loss is < 4.6 dB. The maximum voltage that is used for selecting channels at plusmn4.8 nm away from the center channel wavelength with apodization is 17.3 V.