gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative in vitro to in vivo Extrapolation (IVIVE) of Genotoxicity Data Provides Protective Estimates of in vivo Dose (2022)

Genotoxicity assessment is a critical component in the development and evaluation of chemicals. Traditional genotoxicity assays (i.e., mutagenicity, clastogenicity, aneugenicity) have been limited to dichotomous hazard classification, while other toxicity endpoints are assessed through quantitative determination of points-of-departure (PODs) for setting exposure limits. The more recent higher-throughput in vitro genotoxicity assays, many of which also provide mechanistic information, offer a powerful approach for determining high-precision PODs for potency ranking and risk assessment. In order to obtain relevant human dose context from the in vitro assays, in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) models are required to determine what dose would elicit a concentration in the body demonstrated to be genotoxic using in vitro assays. Previous work has demonstrated that application of IVIVE models to in vitro bioactivity data can provide PODs that are protective of human health, but there has been no evaluation of how these models perform with in vitro genotoxicity data. Thus, the Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee, under the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, conducted a case study on 31 reference chemicals to evaluate the performance of IVIVE application to genotoxicity data. The results demonstrate that for most chemicals (20/31), the PODs derived from in vitro data and IVIVE are highly health protective relative to in vivo PODs from animal studies. PODs were also protective by individual assay type: mutations (8/13 chemicals), micronuclei (9/12) and aneugenicity markers (4/4). It is envisioned that this novel testing strategy could enhance prioritization, rapid screening, and risk assessment of genotoxic chemicals.
Minor Taxoids from Taxus wallichiana (1995)

The needles of Taxus wallichiana afforded a new analogue of taxinine M [1a] and two derivatives of brevifoliol [2a, 3a]. The conformation of 3a was investigated by nmr spectroscopy with the aid of variable-temperature experiments and in situ reactions.
Video coding layer optimization for target detection (2016)

One challenge in a video surveillance system is the data rate required to represent digital video. Accordingly, the use of lossy video compression at a compression ratio of 100:1, or higher, is an essential part of any distributed live video system. The ensuing distortion can interfere with the goals of surveillance by confounding both human analysis and computer vision based processing. This paper investigates the interaction between the video coding layer and target detection, and proposes methods for improving overall system effectiveness. Previous related research has focused on joint optimization of the video coding layer where several streams share the same bandwidth. Our work is distinguished from prior studies in several area: we use Gradual Decoder Refresh, rather than the traditional GOP, to enable low delay and similarly avoid the use of B frames, which necessitate frame reordering. We extend the previous work by providing the ROC curves for the detection of foreground object motion, as a function of the quantization parameter. We also consider the H.265 video coding standard, in addition to H.264. We note some surprising findings. We show that H.265 can significantly underperform H.264 in terms of Area Under Curve vs. Bitrate, and that it is possible to produce large "false alarm" blobs for moving object detection, even for a stationary, relatively noise-free source coded at low QP.
FLAIR* to visualize veins in white matter lesions: A new tool for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis? (2017)

• FLAIR* in a clinical setting allows visualization of veins in white matter lesions. • Significant proportions of MS lesions demonstrate a vein in lesion on MRI. • Microangiopathic lesions demonstrate a lower proportion of intralesional veins than MS lesions. • Intralesional vein-based criteria may complement current MRI criteria for MS diagnosis.
Slit-scanning differential phase-contrast mammography: first experimental results (2014)

The demands for a large field-of-view (FOV) and the stringent requirements for a stable acquisition geometry rank among the major obstacles for the translation of grating-based, differential phase-contrast techniques from the laboratory to clinical applications. While for state-of-the-art Full-Field-Digital Mammography (FFDM) FOVs of 24 cm x 30 cm are common practice, the specifications for mechanical stability are naturally derived from the detector pixel size which ranges between 50 and 100 &mu;m. However, in grating-based, phasecontrast imaging, the relative placement of the gratings in the interferometer must be guaranteed to within micro-meter precision. In this work we report on first experimental results on a phase-contrast x-ray imaging system based on the Philips MicroDose L30 mammography unit. With the proposed approach we achieve a FOV of about 65 mm x 175 mm by the use of the slit-scanning technique. The demand for mechanical stability on a micrometer scale was relaxed by the specific interferometer design, i.e., a rigid, actuator-free mount of the phase-grating G<sub>1</sub> with respect to the analyzer-grating G<sub>2</sub> onto a common steel frame. The image acquisition and formation processes are described and first phase-contrast images of a test object are presented. A brief discussion of the shortcomings of the current approach is given, including the level of remaining image artifacts and the relatively inefficient usage of the total available x-ray source output.
Estrogen Regulates the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Secretion of Biologically Active Luteinizing Hormone* (1991)

Estrogen produces time-dependent bidirectional effects on the GnRH-stimulated release of immunoactive LH in various species. To examine estrogen's regulation of biologically active LH secretion in response to pulsatile stimulation by GnRH, we studied estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women basally and during treatment with diethlystilbesterol (DES; 1 mg, orally, daily). Basal and GnRH-stimulated plasma concentrations of bioactive LH were assayed by the in vitro rat interstitial cell testosterone bioassay. GnRH-promoted LH secretory bursts in response to two consecutive stimuli were quantitated by multiple parameter deconvolution analysis. Basal half-lives of LH averaged 171 +/- 17 min (immunoactive) and 223 +/- 10 min (bioactive). Analysis of variance revealed a significant decrease in mean basal plasma bioactive LH concentrations on days 10 and 30 of DES treatment. Mean serum immunoactive LH concentrations fell similarly. DES significantly increased the half-life of immunoactive LH (days 5 and 10), but did not change that of bioactive LH. GnRH self-priming of bioactive LH secretion (increased LH secretory peak 2 compared to peak 1) was demonstrated, with a maximal value on day 10 of DES treatment. In addition, the ratio of the mass of bioactive to immunoactive LH secreted in response to the first GnRH pulse was significantly enhanced by estrogen on day 5, whereas that after the second pulse of GnRH was significantly suppressed on day 30 of DES. The self-priming action of GnRH on bioactive LH release evident in the presence of oral DES was corroborated in a separate group of six women, who were treated for 30 days with 17 beta-estradiol via an intravaginally placed Silastic ring. In conclusion, we infer that estrogen exerts a highly selective effect on the gonadotroph secretory process, such that successive GnRH stimuli result in an increase in the maximal rate and mass of secretion of biologically active LH.
Recent Advances in Holey Fibers and Their Applications (2003)

Transmission loss of holey fiber is found to depend on its structure, and to be caused by Rayleigh scattering at glass surface. Under this loss dependence, most promising is optical wiring application, for which fiber designs to realize bend-insensitivity and single-modedness are presented.
Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the dipalmitoyl lecithin-cholesterol-water system (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the dipalmitoyl lecithin-cholesterol-water systemRonald A. Haberkorn, Robert G. Griffin, Michael D. Meadows, and Eric OldfieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 22, 7353–7355Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00464a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00464a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The link between tissue elasticity and thermal dosein vivo (2011)

The objective of this study was to investigate in vivo the relationship between stiffness and thermal dose. For this purpose, shear wave elastography (SWE)--a novel ultrasound-based technique for real-time mapping of the stiffness of biological soft tissues--is performed in temperature-controlled experiments. Experiments were conducted on nine anesthetized rats. Their right leg was put in a thermo-regulated waterbath. The right leg of each animal was heated at one particular temperature between 38 °C and 48.5 °C for 15 min to 3 h. Shear waves were generated in the muscle using the acoustic radiation force induced by a linear ultrasonic probe. The shear wave propagation was imaged in real time by the probe using an ultrafast scanner prototype (10,000 frames s⁻¹). The local tissue stiffness was derived from the shear wave speed. Two optical fiber sensors were inserted into the muscle to measure in situ the temperature. Stiffness was found to increase strongly during the experiments. When expressed as a function of the thermal dose, the stiffness curves were found to be the same for all experiments. A thermal dose threshold was found at 202 min for an eightfold stiffness increase. Finally, the time-temperature relationship was established for different stiffness ratios. The slope of the time-temperature relationship based on stiffness measurements was found identical to the one obtained for cell death in the seminal paper on the thermal dose by Sapareto and Dewey in 1984 (Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 10 787-800). The present results highlight the stiffness increase as a good indicator of thermal necrosis. SWE imaging can be used in vivo for necrosis threshold determination in thermal therapy.
100G and Beyond (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Roberts, "100G and Beyond," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper Tu3J.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Get Video Citation alert Save article
A diphenylformamidinate-bridged terpyridineplatinum(II) dimer (1993)

The compound μ-N,N' -diphenylformamidinatobis[&#13;\n2,2',2"-terpyridineplatinum(II)] perchlorate&#13;\nmono hydrate (1) is formed by reaction of diphenylformamidine&#13;\nand [Pt(tpy)Cl]Cl (tpy = terpyridine) in&#13;\nthe presence of excess base. The two platinum&#13;\ncenters are bridged by a single diphenylformamidinato&#13;\nligand with the remaining coordination geometry&#13;\ncompleted by the terpyridine group. The&#13;\nplatinum-platinum separation is 3.049 (1) Å.
A 1.5Mpixel RGBZ CMOS image sensor for simultaneous color and range image capture (2012)

A 1.5Mpixel RGBZ image sensor that simultaneously captures color (RGB) and time-of-flight (ToF) range (Z) images is presented. While ToF sensors are well documented [1,2], few, if any, monolithic sensors have been reported that capture both range and color. In one sensor [3], a combined pixel structure captures color and range, but presumably in sequential fields. This approach does not allow simultaneous capturing of range with color, and the pixel performance cannot be optimized for each mode. In thie paper, we introduce a sensor that is designed to capture color and range simultaneously with individually optimized pixels.
Operative Treatment of Malunion of a Fracture of the Proximal Aspect of the Humerus* (1998)

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, operative reports, and preoperative and postoperative radiographs of thirty-nine patients who had been managed operatively for malunion of a fracture of the proximal aspect of the humerus. The malunions were categorized according to the presence of osseous abnormalities, including malposition of the greater or lesser tuberosity (type I; twenty-eight patients), incongruity of the articular surface (type II; twenty-six patients), and malalignment of the articular segment (type III; sixteen patients). Soft-tissue abnormalities, such as soft-tissue contracture, a tear of the rotator cuff, and impingement, were also recorded. At an average of forty-four months (range, twelve to fifty-three months) postoperatively, the patients were assessed for pain relief, the range of motion of the shoulder, and the ability to perform activities of daily living. The result was satisfactory for twenty-seven patients (69 per cent) and unsatisfactory for the remaining twelve (31 per cent) at the latest follow-up evaluation. Of the twenty-seven patients who had a satisfactory result, twenty-six (96 per cent) had had complete operative correction of all osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities. Of the twelve patients who had an unsatisfactory result, four had had complete operative correction of these abnormalities (p < 0.0001). Twenty-six patients (67 per cent) had incongruity of the glenohumeral joint at the time of presentation. Twenty-three of these patients had the incongruity corrected with prosthetic arthroplasty (twenty-two) or arthrodesis of the glenohumeral joint (one); the result was satisfactory for seventeen (74 per cent). In contrast, the result was unsatisfactory for all three patients in whom the incongruity had not been corrected at the time of the operation (p = 0.01). Eleven patients had malposition of the greater or lesser tuberosity but a congruent joint surface preoperatively. Ten patients in this group were managed with either osteotomy of the tuberosity or acromioplasty, and nine of them had a satisfactory result at the latest follow-up evaluation. The result was unsatisfactory for one patient who was managed with only correction of a soft-tissue contracture (that is, no treatment of the malposition) (p = 0.05). Both osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities were identified as the cause of pain and stiffness in patients who had malunion of a fracture of the proximal aspect of the humerus. We concluded that operative management of these patients is successful only if all osseous and soft-tissue abnormalities are corrected at the time of the operation.
Study of Factors Affecting Calcium Oxalate Crystalline Aggregation (1990)

A study was made of the effects of citrate, pentosan polysulphate (a glycosaminoglycan) and mucin (a mucoprotein) upon crystalline growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate in synthetic urine. It was found that citrate inhibited aggregation. Pentosan polysulphate had no perceptible effect on aggregation but favoured the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals. Mucin enhanced the formation of large characteristic aggregates and also led to the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals. Particles of mucin in a solution served as a substrate on which several crystals of calcium oxalate dihydrate were formed by heterogeneous nucleation; the subsequent growth of these crystals resulted in the formation of large agglomerates.
Epitome-based image compression using translational sub-pel mapping (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of epitome construction for image compression. An optimized epitome construction method is first described, where the epitome and the associated image reconstruction, are both successively performed at full pel and sub-pel accuracy. The resulting complete still image compression scheme is then discussed with details on some innovative tools. The PSNR-rate performance achieved with this epitome-based compression method is significantly higher than the one obtained with H.264 Intra and with state of the art epitome construction method. A bit-rate saving up to 16% comparatively to H.264 Intra is achieved.
Frameshift and novel mutations in FUS in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and ALS/dementia (2010)

FUS gene mutations are not an uncommon cause in patients with FALS from diverse genetic backgrounds, and have a prevalence of 5.6% in non-SOD1 and non-TARDBP FALS, and approximately 4.79% in all FALS. The pathogenicity of some of these novel mutations awaits further studies. Patients with FUS mutations manifest earlier symptom onset, a higher rate of bulbar onset, and shorter duration of symptoms.
Characterizing the Effect of Combustion Chamber Deposits on a Gasoline HCCI Engine (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines offer a good potential for achieving high fuel efficiency while virtually eliminating NOx and soot emissions from the exhaust. However, realizing the full fuel economy potential at the vehicle level depends on the size of the HCCI operating range. The usable HCCI range is determined by the &lt;i&gt;knock limit&lt;/i&gt; on the upper end and the &lt;i&gt;misfire limit&lt;/i&gt; at the lower end. Previously proven high sensitivity of the HCCI process to thermal conditions leads to a hypothesis that combustion chamber deposits (CCD) could directly affect HCCI combustion, and that insight about this effect can be helpful in expanding the low-load limit. A combustion chamber conditioning process was carried out in a single-cylinder gasoline-fueled engine with exhaust re-breathing to study CCD formation rates and their effect on combustion. Burn rates accelerated significantly over the forty hours of running under typical HCCI operating conditions. Variations of burn rates diminished after approximately 36 hours, thus indicating equilibrium conditions. Observed trends suggest that deposits change dynamic thermal boundary conditions at the wall and this in turn strongly affects chemical kinetics and bulk burning. In addition, this work presents a methodology for investigating the thermal diffusivity of deposits without their removal. The experimental technique relies on a combination of instantaneous surface temperature and CCD thickness measurements. Results demonstrate a strong correlation between deposit thickness and the diffusivity of the CCD layer.&lt;/div&gt;
Ask2Mask: Guided Data Selection for Masked Speech Modeling (2022)

Masked speech modeling (MSM) methods such as wav2vec2 or w2v-BERT learn representations over speech frames which are randomly masked within an utterance. While these methods improve performance of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, they have one major limitation. They treat all unsupervised speech samples with equal weight, which hinders learning as not all samples have relevant information to learn meaningful representations. In this work, we address this limitation. We propose ask2mask (ATM), a novel approach to focus on specific samples during MSM pre-training. ATM employs an external ASR model or \textit{scorer} to weight unsupervised input samples in two different ways: 1) A fine-grained data selection is performed by masking over the highly confident input frames as chosen by the scorer. This allows the model to learn meaningful representations. 2) ATM is further extended to focus at utterance-level by weighting the final MSM loss with the utterance-level confidence score. We conduct fine-tuning experiments on two well-benchmarked corpora: LibriSpeech (matching the pre-training data) and Commonvoice, TED-LIUM, AMI and CHiME-6 (not matching the pre-training data). The results substantiate the efficacy of ATM on significantly improving the recognition performance under mismatched conditions (up to 11.6\% relative over published results and upto 4.46\% relative over our internal baseline) while still yielding modest improvements under matched conditions.
Money as a Domain of the State (2020)

In our search for the market economy that liberals dream of, we have collided with hard and unpleasant realities. We explained in the previous part that the “labour market” is a fiction. The price of labour cannot be a market result because the assumption that independent supply and demand functions exist in the arena of labour relations has nothing to do with reality.It has also been shown that the so-called financial markets, in particular foreign exchange markets, are generally not in a position to find prices that can be regarded as efficient. Are these mere market imperfections, or have we come across indications of problems that might require us to generally call into question a market-centred organisation of the monetary and financial system? In other words, can we trust the market to do a reasonable job ofallocating financial capital? Can the market interest rate ensure that capital is managed in the public interest? Does it make sense for the allocation of "capital" to be oriented towards achieving the highest possible financial profit, and for capital investors to compete with each other for solvent creditors?Finally, we must also answer the question of whether the so-called independence of central banks, which has become a matter of iron doctrine in many countries, can be justified.
Light amplification on silicon using highly confined photonic structures (2004)

We show high Raman gain in Silicon submicron-size strip waveguide. Using high confinement structures and pico-second pump pulses, we show 13.2-dB peak gain with 14.6-W peak pump power in a 7-mm long waveguide. The effect of free-carrier absorption is observed. We show a pico-second all-optical switch based on the Silicon waveguide, whose transmission is enhanced by the Raman gain.