gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of an Allergic Immune Response via the Mucosal Route in a Murine Model of Inhalative Type–I Allergy (1999)

A murine model of aerosol inhalation, leading to sensitization to birch pollen (BP) and its major allergen Bet v 1, was established in order to try to influence type-I allergic immune responses via the mucosal route. We previously demonstrated that simultaneous inhalation of BP and cholera toxin, a potent mucosal adjuvant, induced a Th1-like immune response to the allergen in naive mice and modulated allergic immune responses in sensitized mice. In contrast to cholera holotoxin, mucosal application of the cholera B subunit (CTB) conjugated to antigen has been shown to induce peripheral tolerance in certain models of Th1-based autoimmune diseases. In the present study we investigated the potential of such an antigen delivery system to suppress Th2-based, allergic immune responses. Mucosal administration of CTB/Bet v 1 conjugates prior to sensitization led to significantly increased allergen-specific IgE/IgG1 and IgG2a antibody levels and cytokine production (IL-5, IFN-gamma) in vitro. Thus, CTB coupled to Bet v 1 acted as an adjuvant rather than a tolerogen. On the other hand we noted that mucosal application of CTB coupled to ovalbumin led to marked suppression of antigen-specific IgE antibody levels and IL-5 production in vitro and thereby restricted allergic sensitization. These results indicated that the effects of CTB/antigen conjugates depended on the nature of the antigen. In contrast to Bet v 1 coupled to CTB, nasal as well as oral application of low doses of unconjugated, Bet v 1 prior to aerosol sensitization inhibited allergen-specific antibody responses of all isotypes, cutaneous type-I skin tests in vivo as well as allergen-specific lymphoproliferative responses and cytokine production (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IFN-gamma) in vitro, suggesting that both T- and B-cell tolerance to the allergen were induced. Taken together, mucosal tolerance induction as well as the use of certain transmucosal antigen delivery systems might be promising new strategies to modulate type-I allergic immune responses
Population Biology of Streptococcus pneumoniae in West Africa: Multilocus Sequence Typing of Serotypes That Exhibit Different Predisposition to Invasive Disease and Carriage (2013)

The pneumococcal population in West Africa is quite divergent, and serotypes that are common in invasive disease (such as serotypes 1 and 5) are more likely to be clonal than serotypes that are common in carriage.
RF MEMS electrostatically actuated tunable capacitors and their applications: a review (2021)

Abstract This paper reviews the recent developments of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) based electrostatically actuated tunable capacitors. MEMS based tunable capacitors (MBTCs) are important building blocks in advanced radio frequency communication systems and portable electronics. This is due to their excellent performance compared to solid state counterpart. Different designs, tuning mechanisms, and performance parameters of MBTCs are discussed, compared, and summarized. Several quantitative comparisons in terms of tuning range, quality factor ( Q factor), and electrodes configurations are presented, which provide deep insight into different design studies, assists in selecting designs, and layouts that best suit various applications. We also highlight recent modern applications of tunable capacitors, such as mobile handsets, internet of things, communication sensors, and 5G antennas. Finally, the paper discusses different design approaches and proposes guidelines for performance improvement.
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) OF BREAST CANCER USING 18F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE (FDG) (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
UV aging performance of Blue Light encapsulant films (2013)

To realize the power entitlement of high efficiency selective emitter and lightly doped emitter cells (Blue Light cells), module makers need encapsulants to transmit more usable short wavelength radiation (blue light). To date, most encapsulant manufacturers have done this by changing the stabilizer package added to the encapsulant polymer. Accelerated UV aging of these encapsulant materials was performed and the stability of Blue Light EVA was compared to both standard EVA and Blue Light ionomer film. The results indicate that Blue Light EVA is less stable to UV than standard EVA or Blue Light ionomer. As long term module reliability is clearly as important as initial module efficiency, it is essential that careful consideration and testing be completed before a material change is made.
Antiidiotypic antibody to reovirus binds to neurons and protects from viral infection (1986)

A syngeneic monoclonal antiidiotype directed against the idiotype of an antireovirus type 3 hemagglutinin demonstrates several of the biological actions of the original viral hemagglutinin and binds to rat and murine cortical neurons grown in dissociated cell culture. Receptor-bearing neurons appear within 24 hours of plating in cultures from mouse or rat cortex taken on embryonic day 15; these neurons are demonstrable for the duration of the culture life span (4 to 8 weeks). When cortical cultures are incubated with antiidiotype before or during exposure to reovirus, the antiidiotype protects neurons from type 3 infection without inhibiting infection of nonneuronal cells with either type 3 or type 1. Thus an antibody directed against a viral receptor can prevent infection of receptor-bearing cells without directly neutralizing the virus.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Targeting eIF4A-Dependent Translation of KRAS Signaling Molecules (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3&lt;/p&gt;
Stereochemistry of the alkoxyselenation of substituted 3,4-dihydropyrans: a useful process for the construction of 2-alkoxy-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans (1980)

A. P. Kozikowski, K. L. Sorgi and R. J. Schmiesing, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 477 DOI: 10.1039/C39800000477
Kerr lens mode-locked Yb:Lu<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> ceramic oscillator pumped by a multimode laser diode (2015)

We report a Kerr lens mode-locked Yb:Lu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ceramic oscillator with a pulse energy of 23.5 nJ, which is the highest value in bulk Yb:Lu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ceramic oscillators, to the best of our knowledge.
Analysis and Reconstitution of the Menaquinone Biosynthesis Pathway in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lentilactibacillus buchneri (2021)

In <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> and some other lactic acid bacteria, respiratory metabolism has been reported upon supplementation with only heme, leading to enhanced biomass formation, reduced acidification, resistance to oxygen, and improved long-term storage. Genes encoding a complete respiratory chain with all components were found in genomes of <i>L. lactis</i> and <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i>, but menaquinone biosynthesis was found to be incomplete in Lactobacillaceae (except <i>L. mesenteroides</i>). <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> has only two genes (<i>menA</i>, <i>menG</i>) encoding enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway (out of eight), and <i>Lentilactobacillus buchneri</i> has only four (<i>menA</i>, <i>menB</i>, <i>menE</i>, and <i>menG</i>). We constructed knock-out strains of <i>L. lactis</i> defective in <i>menA</i>, <i>menB</i>, <i>menE</i>, and <i>menG</i> (encoding the last steps in the pathway) and complemented these by expression of the extant genes from <i>Lactipl. plantarum</i> and <i>Lent. buchneri</i> to verify their functionality. Three of the <i>Lactipl. plantarum</i> biosynthesis genes, <i>lpmenA1</i>, <i>lpmenG1</i>, and <i>lpmenG2</i>, as well as <i>lbmenB</i> and <i>lbmenG</i> from <i>Lent. buchneri</i>, reconstituted menaquinone production and respiratory growth in the deficient <i>L. lactis</i> strains when supplemented with heme. We then reconstituted the incomplete menaquinone biosynthesis pathway in <i>Lactipl. plantarum</i> by expressing six genes from <i>L. lactis</i> homologous to the missing genes in a synthetic operon with two inducible promoters. Higher biomass formation was observed in <i>Lactipl. plantarum</i> carrying this operon, with an OD<sub>600</sub> increase from 3.0 to 5.0 upon induction.
Basic Science * 208. Stem Cell Factor Expression is Increased in the Skin of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblasts in vitro (2013)

Background: Previous research has suggested that the severity of RA has decreased over time. This study examines the pattern of disease severity in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) at time of registration into the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR). Methods: NOAR is a primary-care-based cohort of adults with recent onset IP (≥2 swollen joints lasting for &gt;4 weeks). Disease related variables assessed at baseline include 51- swollen and tender joint count and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Blood is collected and C—reactive protein (CRP), Rheumatoid Factor (RF), and Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies (ACPA) are measured. The DAS28 (Disease Activity Score) is calculated using CRP level. In this study, patients with a symptom duration of &lt;2 years at baseline were grouped into four cohorts depending on the NOAR recruitment phase: (1) 1990–1994; (2) 1995–1999; (3) 2000–2004; (4) 2005–2009. Three sub-samples were also evaluated: (i) referred first to NOAR by their general practitioner; (ii) Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) naive at baseline; (iii) met the ACR/EULAR 2010 RA criteria at baseline. Linear or median regression analyses, depending on the distribution of the dependent variable, were conducted to examine baseline HAQ or DAS28 scores over time. A quadratic term for calendar year of assessment by NOAR was included as a predictor and if significant, cohort was included to examine if the rate of change in scores over time differed between cohorts. Confounders included gender, RF and ACPA positivity, and age at symptom onset. Results: 3045 patients were evaluated within the total sample (Table 1). The calendar year of assessment was a significant predictor of lower DAS28 scores over time for the total sample (adjβ = –0.0007, 95% CI –0.001, –0.0001), and each sub-sample. Within the total sample, and the DMARD naive sub-sample, there was a significant effect of ‘Cohort', and a significant ‘Calendar year by Cohort' interaction. The calendar year of assessment was not a significant predictor of HAQ scores for the total sample (adjβ = 0.0002, 95% CI –0.0002, 0.001). Conclusions: Whilst baseline disease activity has decreased over time, there has been no change in levels of functional disability.
A Micellar Iodide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Unprotected Aziridines from Styrenes and Ammonia (2008)

Aziridines from ammonia: Unprotected aziridines are formed from styrenes in one catalytic step. Ammonia is incorporated directly using an aqueous micellar solution containing bleach as oxidant and sub-stoichiometric amounts of iodide (see picture).
Analysis of protein-coding genetic variation in 60,706 humans (2015)

Summary Large-scale reference data sets of human genetic variation are critical for the medical and functional interpretation of DNA sequence changes. Here we describe the aggregation and analysis of high-quality exome (protein-coding region) sequence data for 60,706 individuals of diverse ethnicities generated as part of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). The resulting catalogue of human genetic diversity contains an average of one variant every eight bases of the exome, and provides direct evidence for the presence of widespread mutational recurrence. We show that this catalogue can be used to calculate objective metrics of pathogenicity for sequence variants, and to identify genes subject to strong selection against various classes of mutation; we identify 3,230 genes with near-complete depletion of truncating variants, 72% of which have no currently established human disease phenotype. Finally, we demonstrate that these data can be used for the efficient filtering of candidate disease-causing variants, and for the discovery of human “knockout” variants in protein-coding genes.
Genetic and phenotypic traits of staphylococcus epidermidis strains causing post‐cataract endophthalmitis compared to commensal conjunctival flora (2016)

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the virulence and antibiotic resistance traits of S. epidermidis strains causing post‐cataract endophthalmitis compared to those of the normal conjunctival flora in non‐infected control patients. Methods This prospective study included 22 patients (22 eyes) with acute post‐cataract endophthalmitis and 72 uninfected control patients (72 eyes). A ntibiotic susceptibilities were evaluated using the Vitek II ® automated system. These strains were then tested for the presence of eight virulence genes ( icaA , icaB , icaC , icaD , atlE , aap , and capA), the insertion sequence IS256, and the mecA gene coding for methicillin‐resistance. Results Culture of 72 conjunctival samples collected from 41 patients allowed isolation of 43 S. epidermidis strains. The strains from the endophthalmitis group patients displayed higher prevalence rates for aap , atlE and mecA genes carriage compared to those of the control group (77% vs. 42%, p = 0.007; 100% vs. 79%, p = 0.02; and 54% vs. 11%, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and more frequently harbored simultaneously the mecA and icaA genes (13%) compared to the control group (2.3%, p = 0.01). They were also significantly more resistant than control strains to methicillin, fluoroquinolones, and the aminoglycosides. Conclusions A higher capacity of adhesion to intraocular lens and formation of biofilms, and a higher resistance to antibiotics were found in S. epidermidis strains causing post‐cataract endophthalmitis compared to those of the normal conjunctival flora. The selection of such strains in endophthalmitis patients could be related to their specific virulence traits and/or their resistance to antibiotics used for prophylaxis of endophthalmitis.
A Sodium‐Ion Battery with a Low‐Cost Cross‐Linked Gel‐Polymer Electrolyte (2016)

The design of a sodium‐ion rechargeable battery with an antimony anode, a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode, and a low‐cost composite gel‐polymer electrolyte based on cross‐linked poly(methyl methacrylate) is reported. The application of an antimony anode, on replacement of the sodium metal that is commonly used in sodium‐ion half‐cells, reduces significantly the interfacial resistance and charge transfer resistance of a sodium‐ion battery, which enables a smaller polarization for a sodium‐ion full‐cell Sb/Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 running at relatively high charge and discharge rates. The incorporation of the gel‐polymer electrolyte is beneficial to maintain stable interfaces between the electrolyte and the electrodes of the sodium‐ion battery at elevated temperature. When running at 60 °C, the sodium‐ion full‐cell Sb/Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 with the gel‐polymer electrolyte exhibits superior cycling stability compared to a battery with the conventional liquid electrolyte.
CD74 regulates complexity of tumor cell HLA class II peptidome in brain metastasis and is a positive prognostic marker for patient survival (2018)

Despite multidisciplinary local and systemic therapeutic approaches, the prognosis for most patients with brain metastases is still dismal. The role of adaptive and innate anti-tumor response including the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) machinery of antigen presentation is still unclear. We present data on the HLA class II-chaperone molecule CD74 in brain metastases and its impact on the HLA peptidome complexity.We analyzed CD74 and HLA class II expression on tumor cells in a subset of 236 human brain metastases, primary tumors and peripheral metastases of different entities in association with clinical data including overall survival. Additionally, we assessed whole DNA methylome profiles including CD74 promoter methylation and differential methylation in 21 brain metastases. We analyzed the effects of a siRNA mediated CD74 knockdown on HLA-expression and HLA peptidome composition in a brain metastatic melanoma cell line.We observed that CD74 expression on tumor cells is a strong positive prognostic marker in brain metastasis patients and positively associated with tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs). Whole DNA methylome analysis suggested that CD74 tumor cell expression might be regulated epigenetically via CD74 promoter methylation. CD74<sup>high</sup> and TIL<sup>high</sup> tumors displayed a differential DNA methylation pattern with highest enrichment scores for antigen processing and presentation. Furthermore, CD74 knockdown in vitro lead to a reduction of HLA class II peptidome complexity, while HLA class I peptidome remained unaffected.In summary, our results demonstrate that a functional HLA class II processing machinery in brain metastatic tumor cells, reflected by a high expression of CD74 and a complex tumor cell HLA peptidome, seems to be crucial for better patient prognosis.
In vitroandin vivoanalysis of the c-mycRNA polymerase II promoter (1991)

The c-myc promoter has the unusual property of displaying both RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) activities. Both Pol II and Pol III utilize the same transcription initiation site. We have now examined the effects of mutations in crucial regions of the c-myc promoter to assess their effects on both transcriptional activities. In doing this we show that both Pol II and Pol III activities require sequences that are located within the stronger of the two principal c-myc promoter regions (P2). Further, we show that the Pol III activity using this initiation site does not require an A box or distal upstream sequences. Like the Pol II activity, it does require an intact TATA sequence and alterations at this site result in the simultaneous loss of both Pol II and Pol III activities. The superimposition of two apparently inseparable promoter activities makes it possible to consider common features, possible common protein elements in each holoenzyme complex, as well as a potential role for each enzyme in the regulated expression of the c-myc gene.
Data from Direct Metabolic Interrogation of Dihydrotestosterone Biosynthesis from Adrenal Precursors in Primary Prostatectomy Tissues (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; A major mechanism of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) involves intratumoral biosynthesis of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from adrenal precursors. We have previously shown that adrenal-derived androstenedione (AD) is the preferred substrate over testosterone (T) for 5α-reductase expressed in metastatic CRPC, bypassing T as an obligate precursor to DHT. However, the metabolic pathway of adrenal-derived DHT biosynthesis has not been rigorously investigated in the setting of primary disease in the prostate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Seventeen patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were consented for fresh tissues after radical prostatectomy. Prostate tissues were cultured &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; in media spiked with an equimolar mixture of AD and T, and stable isotopic tracing was employed to simultaneously follow the enzymatic conversion of both precursor steroids into nascent metabolites, detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CRPC cell line models and xenograft tissues were similarly assayed for comparative analysis. A tritium-labeled steroid radiotracing approach was used to validate our findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Prostatectomy tissues readily 5α-reduced both T and AD. Furthermore, 5α-reduction of AD was the major directionality of metabolic flux to DHT. However, AD and T were comparably metabolized by 5α-reductase in primary prostate tissues, contrasting the preference exhibited by CRPC in which AD was favored over T. 5α-reductase inhibitors effectively blocked the conversion of AD to DHT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Both AD and T are substrates of 5α-reductase in prostatectomy tissues, resulting in two distinctly nonredundant metabolic pathways to DHT. Furthermore, the transition to CRPC may coincide with a metabolic switch toward AD as the favored substrate. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6351–62. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentanols via Titanaheterocycles: Stereoselective Coupling Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Arylketones (1995)

A novel synthesis of highly substituted 1,3,4-triaryl-2-aroylcyclopentanols 1 from unsaturated arylketones 2 and dicarbonyl titanocene 3 via stereoselective twofold C-C-coupling reactions has been developed. The hitherto unknown 2,9-dioxa-titanacyclononadiene complexes 4, well defined products of the initial trans-selective β,β-coupling reaction, can optionally be isolated or hydrolyzed to give 1. The mild and non-hazardous reaction conditions give high yields of 1 as the sole product in most cases. Occasionally only aroyl-cyclopentenes 5 could be found due to a swift follow-up dehydration process.
Neointimal response following rotational atherectomy compared to balloon angioplasty in a porcine model of coronary in-stent restenosis (1998)

In-stent restenosis remains a clinical therapeutic challenge. Rotational atherectomy (RA) is an attractive treatment option as it may cause less vascular injury than balloon angioplasty (BA) and, therefore, limit further neointimal response. In an animal model of coronary in-stent restenosis, thermal injury and stenting created neointima (old NI). The treatment of in-stent restenosis with either BA (n = 9) or RA (n = 11) also generated neointima (new NI). The average areas (mm2) of old NI in the BA and RA groups were similar (3.77 +/- 0.40 vs. 3.67 +/- 0.53; P = 0.32). However, new NI formed after treatment of in-stent restenosis was significantly less in the RA as compared to the BA group (0.33 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.73 +/- 36, P < 0.01). In this porcine coronary artery model of in-stent restenosis, treatment with rotational atherectomy resulted in significantly less recurrent neointimal hyperplasia than balloon angioplasty. This animal study, thus, provides a rationale for the clinical use of rotablation in the treatment of in-stent restenosis.
Enhancing physical layer security of OFDM systems using channel shortening (2017)

This work presents a simple, spectral and power efficient scheme for providing secure OFDM communication system using channel shortening. The basic concept is to utilize a channel shortening technique, whose design is based on the channel of the legitimate user (Bob), in such a way that the length of the effective channel is made equal to or less than the cyclic prefix (CP) at Bob only, while the length of the effective channel at the illegitimate receiver (Eve) is greater than CP. Thus, this causes inter-symbol-interference (ISI), loss of orthogonality, and overall performance degradation at Eve. The simulation results show that the presented technique can provide a significant BER performance gap between Bob and Eve, and can provide Quality of Service (QoS) based security. The design is shown to be robust against channel imperfections and can provide spectral and power efficiency beside enhancing security.