gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substructure and properties of sodium beta alumina solid electrolytes. Final report (1979)

About ten years ago sodium beta aluminas were identified as useful solid electrolytes for high-energy-density sodium/sulfur storage batteries. The ionic conductivity, the mechanical strength, and the lifetime of the electrolytes in operating cells was found to depend significantly on a number of factors. These factors included impurities and microstructure of the electrolytes. Because of the important economical benefits that could result from the use of long-life, high-energy-density batteries in load leveling, a study was conducted at Cornell to determine the relationship between the impurities and microstructure and the properties of sodium beta alumina solid electrolytes. Part of this study involved an investigation of certain aspects of the electrolyte fabrication, since the sintering process by which the electrolyte is made determines to a large extent the microstructure and impurity distribution. The methods used in this study include high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and measurement of the response of the electrolyte to ac signals between 10 hertz and 10 megahertz (complex admittance). Specifically, the importance of transient liquids during the sintering process was clarified. The effects on ionic conductivity of the presence of silicon (as silicates), calcium (as calcium aluminates), and zinc (in solid solution) were quantified. The importance of the microstructure and, in particular, the role of the grain boundaries in the sodium ion conduction process were elucidated. 89 figures, 7 tables.
High‐performance 55‐in. diagonal WXGA PDP with extended ALIS technology (2005)

Abstract— We have developed a high‐performance 55‐in. diagonal WXGA PDP module with a novel structure by using Extended ALIS (Alternate Lighting of Surfaces) technology. The new cell structure that uses the common bus electrode concept was invented with a new driving scheme aimed toward progressive lighting. A new method of reducing dynamic false contour (DFC), motion adaptive subfield coding, was also developed. The newly developed 55‐in. WXGA panel has a 1000‐cd/m 2 peak luminance and a 160‐cd/m 2 full‐screen white luminance with a 9000 K color temperature at a 350‐W display power consumption.
Critical percolation stresses of random Frank–Read sources in micrometer-sized crystals of superalloys (2012)

2D dislocation dynamics simulations were used to investigate the size effect observed experimentally in the yield behavior of micrometer-sized crystals of γ–γ' superalloys. Random Frank–Read sources were introduced on a (1 1 1) glide plane for three simulation cell sizes. Critical stresses were determined for the percolation of dislocations evolving from the Frank–Read sources in such cells populated with a distribution of γ' precipitates at ∼73.5% by volume, consistent with the experiment. An APB energy of 250 mJ m−2 was used in the simulations. The study found that the simulation results of percolation stresses were consistent with experimental 0.2% yield stress values with respect to both the scatter at each sample size, as well as the weak variation in critical stress with size. The weak size effect and the large scatter were found to be related to two factors: (1) strength of single-arm sources, as well as (2) the variation in precipitate structure at the single-arm source positions.
Long-Lived Th2 Clones Specific for Seasonal and Perennial Allergens Can Be Detected in Blood and Skin by Their TCR-Hypervariable Regions (1998)

We investigated the longevity of allergen-specific Th cells derived from patients suffering from either allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis. T cell clones (TCC) specific for seasonal and perennial allergens were raised. To determine whether these TCC were long-lived in vivo, PBMC and allergen-specific polyclonal T cell lines, collected and established inside a period of up to 4 years, were screened for the TCC of interest. For this purpose, a T cell tracing protocol was established in which oligonucleotides specific for the TCR beta-chain hypervariable junctional region were used as tools to identify each particular TCC. Seven pollen-specific TCC and two house dust mite-specific TCC, with a Th2-like cytokine production pattern in vitro, were demonstrated to be long-lived memory T cells in vivo. Specificity of the tracing protocol was ascertained by TCR sequence analysis. We conclude that allergen-specific TCC can persist for years, evidence for which can be monitored in blood, but also in the target organ of the allergic disorder. The data indicate that in vitro-characterized, allergen-specific, long-lived TCC may well reflect a repertoire of T lymphocytes of pathogenetic importance in vivo.
Magnetic Nanoparticles: Magnetic Cores with Porous Coatings: Growth of Metal‐Organic Frameworks on Particles Using Liquid Phase Epitaxy (Adv. Funct. Mater. 9/2013) (2013)

Nanoparticles with a magnetic core are coated with highly porous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) using liquid phase epitaxy. As demonstrated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmitt–Teller (BET) analysis, a well-defined number of layers is deposited. On page 1210, Christof Wöll and co-workers report that such magnetic MOF particles can be used for catalysis, as chromatographic media, and for the fabrication of core/shell/shell particles.
Synergistic effect of IFN-γ on breast cancer targeted therapy (2017)

Abstract ErbB2 is amplified in ~30% of breast cancer patients, and its amplification is associated with poor prognosis and worse survival outcome. We examined the synergistic effect of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) with anti-erbB2/neu mAb on erbB2-positive cancer model. IFN-γ showed marginal effects on its own, indicating that immune therapies mediated by this cytokine alone are unlikely to be beneficial. However, we discovered that treatment of the tumors with anti-erbB2/neu mAb concomitant with IFN-γ led to dramatic inhibition of in vivo tumor growth in the syngeneic tumor model and the preventional MMTV-neu transgenic mouse tumor model. We noted an increase of M1 macrophage accumulation in the tumor tissues as well as diminished myeloid derived suppressor cells, and increased CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells in the IFN-γ plus anti-erbB2/neu mAb treated mice. The tumor cells treated with both mAb and IFN-γ underwent changes in tumor stem cell marker ALDH-1, indicating a loss of stem cell-like properties, while mAb treatment alone did not accomplish this phenotypic change. We found that IFN-γ treatment significantly increase tumor PD-L1 expression, so we included anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 antibody with this combination therapy. Interestingly, anti-PD-L1 antibody further reduced tumor growth, while anti-PD-1 did not affect very much. These results indicate that the treatment of IFN-γ can improve targeted therapy, and further induce PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, creating a new target on the tumor cells for anti-PD-L1 therapy.
Theory of a three-dimensional nanoporous silicon lattice with unsaturated bonding (2010)

Several molecules are known to contain stable silicon double or triple bonds that are sterically protected by bulky side groups. Through first-principles computation, we demonstrate that well-defined π bonds can also be stabilized in a prototypical crystalline Si structure: Schwarzite Si-168, when modest negative pressures are applied to a nanoscale porous framework. The sp2-bonded Si-168 is thermodynamically preferred over diamond silicon at a negative pressure of −2.5 GPa. Ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations of Si-168 at 1000 K reveal significant thermal stability. Si-168 is metallic at P=0 in density functional theory, but a gap (between π-like and π∗-like bands) opens around the Fermi level at the transition pressure of −2.5 GPa. Alternatively, a band gap buried below the Fermi level at P=0 can be accessed via hole doping in semiconducting Si144B24.
Experimental Techniques in a Nutshell (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Elementary Techniques Restriction Enzymes and Gel Electrophoresis Cloning Vectors and DNA Libraries 1D and 2D Protein Gels Hybridization and Blotting Techniques Southern Blotting Northern Blotting Western Blotting In situ Hybridization Further Protein Separation Techniques Centrifugation Column Chromatography Advanced Techniques PCR DNA and Protein Chips DNA Chips Protein Chips Yeast Two-hybrid System Mass Spectrometry Transgenic Animals RNA Interference
Predictor Antenna: A Technique to Boost the Performance of Moving Relays (2021)

In future wireless systems, a large number of users may access the networks via moving relays (MRs) installed on top of vehicles. One of the main challenges of MRs is rapid channel variation, which may make channel estimation and its following procedures difficult. To address these issues, various schemes are designed, among which the predictor antenna (PA) is a candidate. The PA setup refers to a system with two (sets of) antennas on top of a vehicle, where the PA(s) positioned in front of the vehicle is (are) utilized to predict the channel state information required for data transmission to the receive antennas aligned behind the PA. In this article, we introduce the concept and the potential of PA systems. Moreover, summarizing the field trials for PAs and the 3GPP attempts on (moving) relays, we compare the performance of different PA and non-PA methods for vehicle communications in both urban and rural areas with the PA setup backhauled through terrestrial or satellite technology, respectively. As we show, with typical parameter settings and vehicle speeds, a single-antenna PA-assisted setup can boost the backhaul throughput of MRs, compared to state-of-the-art open-loop schemes, by up to 50 percent.
Measurement Framework for Assessing Reliable Real-Time Capabilities of Wireless Networks (2018)

Network latency and reliability are becoming critical performance indicators for future mission critical services based on wireless connectivity. In this article we present a portable and low-cost measurement framework for quantifying the endto- end (E2E) latency and reliability of communication systems based on single or multiple links. The proposed framework is tailored for characterization of access diversity mechanisms, for example, multi-connectivity or hybrid access methods, which are expected to be essential for ultra-reliable wireless communications in 4G and 5G networks. An active-probe measurement approach is adopted, consisting of a client that transmits timestamped packets to a server, and vice versa, via one or multiple communication links under test. The setup allows us to measure the one-way latency performance in uplink and downlink separately, and allows fully synchronized measurements of multiple links in parallel to understand the benefits of multi-connectivity mechanisms. Traffic generation is flexible in terms of packet size, transport protocol (TCP or UDP), and inter-arrival time interval of the generated packets, hence being a powerful tool for benchmarking the performance for different application-specific message flows. Special emphasis is put on the tail of the latency distribution, that is, the latency that can be achieved with a certain probability constraint, for example, 99.9 percent or beyond. Given the challenge of measuring such rare events, we measure and validate the stability of the measurement equipment to ensure that the observed performance is not compromised by undesired behavior or malfunction of the equipment. The system has a measurement error below 400 μs with 99.9 percent confidence and below 3.1 ms with 99.999 percent confidence. The capability and applicability of the measurement framework is illustrated by a measurement test of two simultaneous LTE connections that provide robust communications to an aerial drone.
Joint Source-Channel Coding and Bayesian Message Passing Detection for\n Grant-Free Radio Access in IoT (2019)

Consider an Internet-of-Things (IoT) system that monitors a number of\nmulti-valued events through multiple sensors sharing the same bandwidth. Each\nsensor measures data correlated to one or more events, and communicates to the\nfusion center at a base station using grant-free random access whenever the\ncorresponding event is active. The base station aims at detecting the active\nevents, and, for each active event, to determine a scalar value describing each\nactive event's state. A conventional solution based on Separate Source-Channel\n(SSC) coding would use a separate codebook for each sensor and decode the\nsensors' transmitted packets at the base station in order to subsequently carry\nout events' detection. In contrast, this paper considers a potentially more\nefficient solution based on Joint Source-Channel (JSC) coding via a\nnon-orthogonal generalization of Type-Based Multiple Access (TBMA).\nAccordingly, all sensors measuring the same event share the same codebook (with\nnon-orthogonal codewords), and the base station directly detects the events'\nvalues without first performing individual decoding for each sensor. A novel\nBayesian message-passing detection scheme is developed for the proposed\nTBMA-based protocol, and its performance is compared to conventional solutions.\n
Motion strategies for autonomous observers (2001)

This dissertation introduces algorithms to generate motion strategies for a new class of autonomous agents called Autonomous Observers, and describes integrated systems in which these algorithms are embedded. An autonomous observer (AO) is a physical agent performing high-level vision-oriented operations, such as tracking moving targets or building maps of environments. What distinguishes an AO from other autonomous agents is the use of its sensors as end-effectors. In traditional robotics, sensing is a means to an end—e.g., sonars are used for collision avoidance in robot navigation, cameras are used to recognize individual parts in assembly tasks, and proximity sensors enhance grasping operations. In contrast, for an AO information gathering is the goal. Building models of objects and/or environments, detecting faults in large structures, tracking moving targets, or performing surveillance operations are all examples of tasks for AO systems. 
One characteristic requirement of all AO systems is the need to satisfy geometric visibility constraints while planning and executing motions. Although similar or related problems have been studied in other contexts, the material presented in this thesis focuses on the fundamental motion planning problem rather than on pure imaging or sensing issues: Which locations must be visited by a robot to efficiently map a building? How must a robot proceed in order to explore an environment? What motions will keep a target in view despite the presence of occluding obstacles? How can we reduce the number of sensing operations? To answer these questions, this thesis proposes a collection of methods, including randomized art-gallery and next-best-view algorithms. These algorithms have been integrated into two working robot prototypes, which are also described in this dissertation.
Building a Comprehensive Neuromorphic Platform for Remote Computation (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Production of light (anti)nuclei in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2022)

A bstract Understanding the production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei is one of the key challenges of nuclear physics and has important consequences for astrophysics, since it provides an input for indirect dark-matter searches in space. In this paper, the latest results about the production of light (anti)nuclei in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV are presented, focusing on the comparison with the predictions of coalescence and thermal models. For the first time, the coalescence parameters B 2 for deuterons and B 3 for helions are compared with parameter-free theoretical predictions that are directly constrained by the femtoscopic measurement of the source radius in the same event class. A fair description of the data with a Gaussian wave function is observed for both deuteron and helion, supporting the coalescence mechanism for the production of light (anti)nuclei in pp collisions. This method paves the way for future investigations of the internal structure of more complex nuclear clusters, including the hypertriton.
Equivalent Resonance Ratio Control in Two-Spring System for Stable Contact Motion in Industrial Robots (2019)

It is important to consider the environment for realizing stable contact motion, such as direct teaching for polishing motion including contact with environment. To realize stable contact motion without bouncing, the velocity and acceleration should be brought to zero after contact with the environment. This study focuses on the torque-velocity duality and a two-spring system is constructed using motor-side velocity control for a two-inertia system with environmental considerations. An equivalent resonance ratio control (ERRC) is proposed to suppress the vibrations in a two-spring system. This method achieves the same scheme as the resonance ratio control applied in position control. A force impulse control is applied based on the ERRC for stable contact motion without bouncing. Stable contact motion is realized in all numerical simulations and experiments.
Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Degree of Polymerization in Unfilled Resins—Methods Comparison (1984)

Two methods of transmission Fourier Transform Infrared analysis were compared to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) in unfilled Bis-GMA-based dental resins. Diluent concentration, curing mode, and activator type were investigated. DP ranged from 55-72% and was highest for the most diluted resins. The effects of polymerization activation mode and type were insignificant. DP was slightly enhanced in the bulk of the resin, as determined by a KBr-pellet technique, in comparison with results from a thin film method, but both techniques seem to provide useful and reproducible results for dental resins.
Author Correction: Design of highly stabilized nanocomposite inks based on biodegradable polymer-matrix and gold nanoparticles for Inkjet Printing (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Leakage-tolerant design techniques for high performance processors (2002)

In sub-100nm technology generation, transistor subthreshold leakage is 100-1000nA/μm for high performance microprocessor logic technology. As gate oxide thickness approaches sub-10Å regime, gate oxide leakage escalates to 10-100A/cm2. Junction leakages also become significant as doping levels around the junction approach 5X1018 cm-3. These excessive leakage currents contribute to large leakage power dissipation during (1) active operation, (2) standby or idle mode and (3) burn-in. In addition, excessive subthreshold leakage degrades noise margin or robustness of performance-critical circuits such as wide-OR domino gates, register files and cache. Large gate oxide leakage also limits circuit fanout. Therefore, high performance and low power processor designs must employ leakage power control techniques to alleviate active power dissipation and delivery challenges, extend battery life and prevent thermal runaway during burn-in. In addition, leakage-tolerant high performance circuits must be used to provide adequate circuit robustness.
A Novel Flow Cytometric Hemozoin Detection Assay for Real-Time Sensitivity Testing of Plasmodium falciparum (2013)

Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to almost all antimalarial drugs, including the first-line treatment with artemisinins, has been described, representing an obvious threat to malaria control. In vitro antimalarial sensitivity testing is crucial to detect and monitor drug resistance. Current assays have been successfully used to detect drug effects on parasites. However, they have some limitations, such as the use of radioactive or expensive reagents or long incubation times. Here we describe a novel assay to detect antimalarial drug effects, based on flow cytometric detection of hemozoin (Hz), which is rapid and does not require any additional reagents. Hz is an optimal parasite maturation indicator since its amount increases as the parasite matures. Due to its physical property of birefringence, Hz depolarizes light, hence it can be detected using optical methods such as flow cytometry. A common flow cytometer was adapted to detect light depolarization caused by Hz. Synchronized in vitro cultures of P. falciparum were incubated for 48 hours with several antimalarial drugs. Analysis of depolarizing events, corresponding to parasitized red blood cells containing Hz, allowed the detection of parasite maturation. Moreover, chloroquine resistance and the inhibitory effect of all antimalarial drugs tested, except for pyrimethamine, could be determined as early as 18 to 24 hours of incubation. At 24 hours incubation, 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were comparable to previously reported values. These results indicate that the reagent-free, real-time Hz detection assay could become a novel assay for the detection of drug effects on Plasmodium falciparum.
A Generalized Self-Sensing Method for Induction Machines Based on Vector Tracking Using Deadbeat-Direct Torque and Flux Control (2019)

This paper introduces a generalized self-sensing method for induction machines using deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC). DB-DTFC is developed in the stationary frame and does not require the flux angle for field orientation. Therefore, any vector, such as the voltage, current, flux and back-EMF, that is rotating at the synchronous speed can be used to extract the rotor speed information. The performance of speed estimation depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the rotating vector and the accuracy of the slip calculation. Analytical studies and experimental results show that the rotor flux is more suitable for accurate self-sensing over a wide speed region. Limitations specifically at low speeds and high speeds are discussed.
Biochemical characterization of GSK1070916, a potent and selective inhibitor of Aurora B kinase with an extremely slow off-rate. (2008)

5649 Aurora kinases (Aurora A, B and C) are serine/threonine protein kinases that play essential roles in mitosis and cytokinesis. Among them, AurB is required for maintaining proper chromosome alignment, separation and segregation during mitosis, and for regulating a number of critical processes involved in cytokinesis. AurB gene amplification and protein overexpression have been observed in a variety of cancer cell lines and inhibition of AurB has been shown to induce tumor regression in the mouse xenograft model. Here we report the enzymatic characterization of a potent and selective AurB inhibitor. GSK1070916 is a reversible and ATP competitive inhibitor of the AurB/INCENP enzyme. It selectively inhibits AurB/INCENP (Ki* = 0.38 ± 0.29 nM) and AurC/INCENP (Ki* = 1.5 ± 0.4 nM) over AurA/TPX2 (Ki* = 490 ± 60 nM). It inhibits AurB/INCENP and AurC/INCENP in a time-dependent fashion with an enzyme-inhibitor dissociation half life of > 480 min and 270 ± 28 min, respectively. The extremely slow rate of dissociation from the AurB & C enzymes distinguishes GSK1070916 from two other Aurora inhibitors in the clinic, AZ1152 and VX-680 (also known as MK0457).