gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subsurface Oxidation for Micropatterning Silicon (SOMS) (2009)

Here we present a straightforward patterning technique for silicon: subsurface oxidation for micropatterning silicon (SOMS). In this method, a stencil mask is placed above a silicon surface. Radio-frequency plasma oxidation of the substrate creates a pattern of thicker oxide in the exposed regions. Etching with HF or KOH produces very shallow or much higher aspect ratio features on silicon, respectively, where patterning is confirmed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. The oxidation process itself is studied under a variety of reaction conditions, including higher and lower oxygen pressures (2 and 0.5 Torr), a variety of powers (50-400 W), different times and as a function of reagent purity (99.5 or 99.994% oxygen). SOMS can be easily executed in any normal chemistry laboratory with a plasma generator. Because of its simplicity, it may have industrial viability.
On the Scalability of Cooperative Time Synchronization in Pulse-Connected Networks (2005)

The problem of time synchronization in dense wireless networks is considered. Well established synchronization techniques suffer from an inherent scalability problem in that synchronization errors grow with an increasing number of hops across the network. In this work, a model for communication in wireless networks is first developed, and then the model is used to define a new time synchronization mechanism. A salient feature of the proposed method is that, in the regime of asymptotically dense networks, it can average out all random errors and maintain global synchronization in the sense that all nodes in the multi-hop network can see identical timing signals. This is irrespective of the distance separating any two nodes.
Search for anomalous spin-dependent forces with a polarized-mass torsion pendulum (1993)

A torsion pendulum experiment employing spin-polarized masses provides an upper limit for the strength of an anomalous interaction of the dipole-monopole form at ranges from 1 to 100 cm.Received 19 October 1992DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.701©1993 American Physical Society
Detergent inhibits 70–90% of responses to intravenous endotoxin in awake sheep (2001)

Sheep have reactive pulmonary intravascular macrophages, which are essential for the marked pulmonary vascular response to infusions of small quantities of endotoxin. In another species with reactive pulmonary intravascular macrophages, horses, our laboratory found that an intravenous biosafe detergent, tyloxapol, inhibited some systemic and pulmonary responses to endotoxin (Longworth KE, Smith BL, Staub NC, Steffey EP, and Serikov V. Am J Vet Res 57: 1063-1066, 1996). We determined whether the same detergent would inhibit endotoxin responses in awake sheep. In 10 awake, instrumented sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas, we did a control experiment by intravenously infusing 1 microg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin. One week later, we gave 40 micromol/kg tyloxapol intravenously 1-4 h before infusing the same dose of endotoxin. In these paired studies, we compared pulmonary hemodynamics, lung lymph dynamics, body temperature, circulating leukocyte concentrations, and circulating tumor necrosis factor for 6 h. In all 10 sheep, tyloxapol blocked 80-90% of the pulmonary responses and 70-90% of the systemic responses. Tyloxapol is safe, inexpensive, easy to use, and effective immediately. It may be a clinically useful approach to contravening many of the effects of endotoxemia, in humans as well as animals.
Semi-Persistent RRC Protocol for Machine-Type Communication Devices in LTE Networks (2015)

In this paper, we investigate the design of a radio resource control (RRC) protocol in the framework of long-term evolution (LTE) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project regarding provision of low cost/complexity and low energy consumption machine-type communication (MTC), which is an enabling technology for the emerging paradigm of the Internet of Things. Due to the nature and envisaged battery-operated long-life operation of MTC devices without human intervention, energy efficiency becomes extremely important. This paper elaborates the state-of-the-art approaches toward addressing the challenge in relation to the low energy consumption operation of MTC devices, and proposes a novel RRC protocol design, namely, semi-persistent RRC state transition (SPRST), where the RRC state transition is no longer triggered by incoming traffic but depends on pre-determined parameters based on the traffic pattern obtained by exploiting the network memory. The proposed RRC protocol can easily co-exist with the legacy RRC protocol in the LTE. The design criterion of SPRST is derived and the signalling procedure is investigated accordingly. Based upon the simulation results, it is shown that the SPRST significantly reduces both the energy consumption and the signalling overhead while at the same time guarantees the quality of service requirements.
Interpretable Modelling of Driving Behaviors in Interactive Driving Scenarios based on Cumulative Prospect Theory (2019)

Understanding human driving behavior is important for autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose an interpretable human behavior model in interactive driving scenarios based on the cumulative prospect theory (CPT). As a non-expected utility theory, CPT can well explain some systematically biased or "irrational" behavior/decisions of human that cannot be explained by the expected utility theory. Hence, the goal of this work is to formulate the human drivers' behavior generation model with CPT so that some "irrational" behavior or decisions of human can be better captured and predicted. Towards such goal, we first develop a CPT-driven decision-making model focusing on driving scenarios with two interacting agents. A hierarchical learning algorithm is proposed afterwards to learn the utility function, the value function, and the decision weighting function in the CPT model. A case study for roundabout merging is also provided as verification. With real driving data, the prediction performances of three different models are compared: a predefined model based on time-to-collision (TTC), a learning-based model based on neural networks, and the proposed CPT-based model. The results show that the proposed model outperforms the TTC model and achieves similar performance as the learning-based model with much less training data and better interpretability.
Integrated Pressure Activated Valve with Autonomous Inflow Control Valve Technology Minimizes the Deployment Risks in Challenging Well Control Conditions (2022)

Abstract In heavily fractured carbonate reservoirs, wells often suffer heavy losses while running lower completion. To avoid any unexpected flow-back, continuous pumping is required. Failure to do this will result in flow-back of the reservoir fluid into the completion string and could reach the surface, leading to a major well control risk. Integrated Pressure Activated Valve (PAV) with Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV) offers a unique solution to manage well control risks, allowing safe deployment of lower completion in such challengeable situations. The PAV module is mounted in series between the screen and AICV housing and will be a part of a lower completion. PAV-AICV system remains closed while RIH, ensuring no fluid can flow through it in either direction. Once the completion reaches the target depth and other pressure-activated completion tools are set/tested, then the PAV is triggered by applying the design pressure in the tubing. PAV will open once activated pressure is reached, and open when the pressure is released, establishing the flow path between the reservoir and tubing via AICV. The qualification test of the AICV-PAV integrated system involves multiple functions and pressure tests. The test results prove the reliability and robustness of the PAV to get activated at the design pressure window. This paper will describe in detail the operating principle along with the testing results of the AICV-PAV system. During the deployment of completion, the AICV-PAV system acts as a well barrier between the reservoir and the completions system and prevents reservoir fluid to enter the completion string. This will result in reducing the well-control risk significantly while deploying the completion string, especially in a fractured or faulted reservoir. Furthermore, this system allows all formation treatment fluids to be fully circulated through the end of the completion string, thus eliminating the requirement of an inner string. Furthermore, it also allows setting liner hanger packer and hydraulically set mechanical packers. This will result in saving rig time in running extra runs and further reducing cost/risks as well as increasing operational efficiency. Once the PAV module is open, it stays in an open position and normal AICV functionality is established. The system is field ready and will be deployed for a major operator in the Middle East. PAV module incorporated with AICV provides pressure integrity in the liner for lower completion installation. This ensures an optimized lower completion installation in challenging situations, especially with well control issues. This paper will describe the newly developed AICV-PAV system operating principle, functionality and discuss in detail the various testing results.
Evaluation of Rigid Hazards Placed in the Zone of Intrusion (2008)

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the current practices for the placement of luminaire poles both on top of and behind single-slope concrete barriers and to determine their effects on safety for both the driver and occupants of the impacting vehicle and nearby pedestrians. Three full-scale crash tests were performed on the barrier system and luminaire poles, with the first two full-scale crash tests evaluating the performance of a luminaire pole placed on top of a single-slope concrete barrier and the third test evaluating the performance of a luminaire pole placed behind the single-slope concrete barrier. The first full-scale crash test, test number ZOI-1, was performed according to the test designation 4-12 of National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report Number 350. The test consisted of a 7,985-kg (17,605-lbs) single-unit truck impacting the barrier at a speed of 81.0 km/h (50.4 mph) and at an angle of 15.6 degrees. This test passed all of the NCHRP Report Number 350 safety requirements as the single-unit truck was safely brought to a controlled stop. The second full-scale crash test, test number ZOI-2, was performed according to test designation 4-11 of NCHRP Report Number 350. The test consisted of a 2,009 (4,430-lbs) pickup truck impacting the barrier at a speed of 99.3 km/h (61.7 mph) and at an angle of 23.4 degrees. This test passed all of the NCHRP Number 350 safety requirements as the pickup truck was safely brought to a controlled stop. The third full-scale crash test, test number ZOI-3, was performed according to test designation 4-12 of NCHRP Report Number 350. The test consisted of a 8,000-kg (17,637-lbs) single-unit truck impacting the barrier at a speed of 80.8 km/h (50.2 mph) and at an angle of 16.4 degrees. This test passed all of the NCHRP Number 350 safety requirements as the single-unit truck was safely brought to a controlled stop.
Radially Diblock Nanotube:  Site-Selective Functionalization of a Tubularly Assembled Hexabenzocoronene (2008)

An amphiphilic Gemini-shaped hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (1) with azide functionalities self-assembles to form graphitic nanotubes whose interior and exterior surfaces can be post-functionalized by “click chemistry”. A click reaction of the nanotubes with bulky macromolecules such as a dendronized alkyne (G2-alkyne) takes place site-selectively on the exterior surface of the nanotubes, leaving the azide functionalities on the interior surface mostly intact. A subsequent click reaction of the resulting nanotubes with alkynes having a much smaller steric bulk allows the remaining azide groups to be functionalized, affording radially diblock graphitic nanotubes.
Individual Blood‐Cell Capture and 2D Organization on Microarrays (2009)

Individual cell addressing on an arrayed biochip is achieved. Gold layers are electrochemically functionalized by arraying antibodies using silicon-made microcantilevers (see image). Because the spot size is close to a lymphocyte diameter, living blood cells are successfully bound and organized on the surfaces according to the micrometric features. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Selection for Polymorphism in the Antigen Recognition Site of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Molecules (1989)

The genetic basis for the extensive polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules was investigated by statistical analysis. Nucleotide sequences of human DQA1, DQB1, DRB1, and DRB3 genes and murine A alpha, A beta, and E beta genes were used. The results show that polymorphism is selected for in the antigen recognition site of class II molecules since replacement substitutions in this region were found to occur at a significantly higher frequency than expected in the absence of selection. In contrast, replacement substitutions are selected against in the remaining part of the first domain exon and in the second domain exon. Furthermore, comparing the sequence variability pattern among different class II alpha and beta sequences, using a variability index for each residue, showed that, with few exceptions, highly polymorphic residues occur in the antigen recognition site. There was a strong and highly significant correlation in the variability pattern in the homologous DRB/E beta sequences but not for DQB/A beta or DQA/A alpha sequences. This difference may be related to the fact that both alpha and beta chains of DQ/A molecules are polymorphic, while only beta chains of DR/E molecules vary.
Neutral oxygen beam stripping of photo resist on porous ultra low-k materials (2004)

Integration of porous low-k materials for interconnect technology present many challenges to the etch, ash and cleaning processes. One challenge is the post etch removal of photo resist on open porous low-k films. Porous low-k films are very susceptible to damage by plasma processing, which can raise the overall k/sub eff/ of the film. Traditionally, a pure oxygen plasma ash is one method used for photo resist removal on CVD dielectrics. This method cannot be applied to exposed low-k films, because chemical and physical damage occurs. Successful photo resist removal on low-k films can be achieved by reducing chemistries or dilute O/sub 2/ processes in RIE etch tools. This work shows how an energetic neutral oxygen beam can be used to strip photo resist, without damaging the exposed low-k material.
Determining Surface Orientations Of Specular Surfaces By Intensity Encoded Illumination (1988)

This paper discusses an intensity encoded line source illumination approach to estimating the surface orientation of specular surfaces. The normalized brightness difference function (NBDF) is introduced as a real time invertible relationship between image irradiances and surface orientation, and provides the basis for estimation of the surface gradient using relative brightness values rather than calibrated photometric measurements. Two complementary line source intensity patterns are generated for each measurement, and a series of radial lines are scanned to span the surface gradient space. Experiments have estimated the accuracy of the orientation measurement to be within 2-3%. Sensitivity to variations in specularity, and the feasibility of the encoding technique are described. Careful attention to the illumination geometry, distant source approximation and computation speed will be required for the purpose of practical implementation. The use of line sources is most suited to applications where the relevant features can be extracted from a finite set of cross sections of the object. Inspection of solder and machined metal are examples of the application of intensity encoding.
Polymer (2017)

IUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature. In addition, because of their widespread and established use, recommendations for the use of traditional names of polymers are also elaborated.
Biodistribution of 131 I-, 186 Re-, 177 Lu-, and 88 Y-Labeled hLL2 (Epratuzumab) in Nude Mice with CD22-Positive Lymphoma (2003)

The use of the residualizing radiolabels (88)Y and (177)Lu in combination with a mAb directed against an internalizing antigen resulted in higher uptake and better retention of the radiolabel in the tumor.
DNA als Gerüst zur Bildung von Aggregaten aus Gold-Nanokristallen (1999)

Spezifische, unregelmäßige Anordnungen von Gold-Nanokristallen mit Durchmessern von 5 und 10 nm lassen sich gezielt mit Hilfe doppelsträngiger DNA als Templat herstellen (siehe Bild; A′ und B′ bezeichnen die zu den Sequenzen A bzw. B komplementären Oligonucleotidsequenzen). Die hier beschriebenen Methoden sollten sich auf Nanokristalle aus den verschiedensten Materialien anwenden lassen.
Next Generation of Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: New Agents in Development
Sequencing multiple descriptions (2003)

Summary from only given as follows. In its original formulation, multiple description (MD) coding is a multiuser lossy source coding problem, in which three decoders get to observe encodings of a single source generated by two senders. In general, the rate delivered to each of the decoders is not the same and, based on this, it has been argued that MD codes would be suitable for use as joint source/channel codes in a standard point-to-point problem: low-rate decoders would be used when there is loss of data, and high-rate decoders would be used when more data is available at the receiver. We present an alternative view on the use of MD codes as joint source/channel codes. We show how a channel naturally associated with the standard joint source/channel coding problem based on MDs is a non-ergodic channel that bears little resemblance to packet channels (i.e., those for which MD codes have been proposed in practice) and we propose a simple modification to the MD setup that deals with this. We also consider the problem of designing suitable codes and we show how the associated decoding problem is essentially equivalent to the problem of sequencing DNA strands. The full paper is available from http://www.lnt.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de/mitarbeiter/barros/, http://www.ace.cornell.edu/-servetto/publications/.
Accelerated asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in water (2004)

Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various simple aromatic ketones by the Ru-TsDPEN catalyst was shown to be feasible in aqueous HCOONa without calling for any catalyst modification, furnishing ee's of up to 95% and significantly faster rates than in the HCOOH-NEt(3) azeotrope.
Risk of tuberculosis in patients with immune-mediated diseases on biological therapies: a population-based study in a tuberculosis endemic region (2018)

The risk of TB is much higher in patients with immune-mediated diseases on biological therapy compared with the general population, and infliximab is associated with the highest risk of TB among the biologics analysed.
Elevated serum free fatty acid concentrations inhibit T lymphocyte signaling (2000)

Unbound cis-unsaturated free (i.e., nonesterified) fatty acids (FFA) inhibit T lymphocyte activation in vitro and therefore may exert immunosuppressive effects. However, in blood serum the major proportion of FFA is tightly bound to albumin, whereas unbound FFA are hardly detectable. Since serum FFA elevation occurs under pathological conditions like insulin resistance or cancer, which are often associated with a disturbed immune response, we addressed the question of whether increased serum FFA concentrations could affect T lymphocyte activation under in vivo conditions. Our studies revealed that 1) addition of pure long-chain cis-unsaturated FFA in the absence of albumin inhibited calcium response in cultured Jurkat T cells. 2) In healthy volunteers, serum FFA elevation by a lipid/heparin infusion, including predominantly unsaturated fatty acids, decreased calcium response of cultured T cells in contrast to studies without heparin. 3) Most notably, stepwise increasing serum FFA by lipid/heparin infusion also inhibited calcium response of simultaneously isolated autologous peripheral blood T lymphocytes as well as their CD4(+) and CD8(+) subsets. In conclusion, our data emphasize that serum FFA elevation is able to exert immunosuppressive effects in vivo.
Topology optimised broadband photonic crystal Y-splitter (2005)

A planar photonic crystal waveguide Y-splitter that exhibits large-bandwidth low-loss 3 dB splitting for TE-polarised light has been fabricated in silicon-on-insulator material. The high performance is achieved by utilising topology optimisation to design the Y-junction and by using topology optimised low-loss 60° bends. The average excess loss of the entire component is found to be 0.44±0.29 dB for a 100 nm bandwidth, and the excess loss due to the Y-junction is found to be 0.34±0.30 dB in a 175 nm bandwidth.
EM-based multidimensional parameterized modeling of general passive planar components (2002)

A new adaptive algorithm is presented for building multidimensional parameterized analytical models for general passive planar components. The component models are based on multiple full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. The modeling accuracy level is chosen by the user. Models can be generated for arbitrary geometries and substrates, and they can be easily implemented and used in commercial circuit simulators. The adaptive model generation process is an up-front time investment and requires multiple EM simulations. The model extraction provides EM-accuracy and generality at traditional circuit simulation speed.
A Wide-band Multi-layer Antenna Design using Double Resonance (2011)

In this paper, bandwidth enhanced design of dielectric resonator antenna fabricated in multi-layer substrate is introduced. The proposed dielectric resonator antenna is operating with fundamental TE101 mode and higher-order TM111 mode. Each resonance frequency is dependent on resonator dimensions. As increasing the height of radiating aperture, the higher-order TM111 mode resonance frequency approach the fundamental TE101 mode resonance frequency and the antenna bandwidth increase by double resonance. Three different aperture height size antennas that operated at 7㎓ are fabricated in FR4 multi-layer substrate. Measured 10 ㏈ matching bandwidth is 8 percent for single resonace antenna and 18 percent for double resonance antenna.