gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight laser mass spectrometry for combined multi-component-pattern analysis and target-compound monitoring: non-chlorinated aromatics and chlorobenzene in flue gases of combustion processes (1999)

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) allows different degrees of optical ionization selectivity. The selectivity achievable with the REMPI-method is compared with that of other ionization methods for on-line mass spectrometry. “Semi-selective” REMPI with effusive molecular beam inlet allows group selective ionization of mono- and polycyclic aromatic compounds and their methylated derivatives (REMPI at 266 nm). The patterns of the above mentioned aromatic compounds in flue gases can be used for characterization of industrial combustion processes. In this work, a novel approach of “semi-selective” REMPI for measurement of the patterns of mono- and polycyclic aromatic compounds, with additional simultaneous target compound monitoring, is presented. By using REMPI at 269.8 nm monochloro benzene, which is an important indicator for the toxicity of the flue gas, can be monitored, together with the other aromatics. On-line recorded REMPI mass spectra from the flue gas of an industrial hazardous waste incineration plant are presented. The applications of REMPI on-line monitoring at incineration plants are discussed.
SCAVENGE LOSS MECHANISMS AND THEIR DRIVING FORCES IN LOOP-SCAVENGED HIGH-PERFORMANCE TWO-STROKE ENGINES (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To fulfill the forthcoming EPA and CARB emission legislations for handheld outdoor power equipment, strong efforts are undertaken to reduce the high hydrocarbon emissions of two-stroke engines. This is due to the fact that the two-stroke engine has a much better power-to-weight ratio than a mini-four-stroke engine. The research focuses on the one hand into the development of new two-stroke technologies such as charge stratification or compression wave injection for example. On the other hand there is still a significant potential in improving the scavenging process of the conventional Schnürle-scavenged two-stroke engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper focuses into the analysis of the internal flow behavior of the Schnürle-typ scavenge flow in a 64 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; high-performance two-stroke engine for hendheld products. The flow analysis is conducted by means of transient 3D-CFD calculations that are based on experimental data. A newly developed postprocessing approach allows for a detailed analysis of different loss paths during scavenging. The results show that four distinguished loss mechanisms exist: Direct mixture short-circuiting, late loop losses, central mixing losses and near-wall secondary flow losses. These four loss mechanisms are quantified in their contribution to the overall losses and the driving mechanisms are outlined. The newly identified secondary flow path carries a quantity of hydrocarbon losses as significant as direct mixture short-circuiting.&lt;/div&gt;
Single-frequency diode-pumped semiconductor laser tuned on a Cs transition (2010)

Diode-pumped semiconductor lasers have already demonstrated high powers in circular diffraction-limited output beams and single-frequency laser emission. Our work is focused on the design of a laser structure suitable for Cesium (Cs) atomic clock experiments that could merge both properties.
Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)-Paraherquamide B (1996)

The convergent stereocontrolled, asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-paraherquamide B is described. Key features of this synthesis include (1) an improved procedure to effect reduction of unprotected oxindoles to indoles; (2) a complex application of the Somei/Kametani coupling reaction; (3) a high-yielding and entirely stereocontrolled intramolecular SN2‘ cyclization reaction that constructs the core bicyclo[2.2.2] ring system; (4) a mild Pd(II)-mediated cyclization reaction that constructs a complex tetrahydrocarbazole; and (5) the chemoselective reduction of a highly hindered tertiary lactam in the presence of an unhindered secondary lactam, utilizing precoordination of the more reactive secondary lactam to triethylaluminum.
Risk-based Methodology for the Determination of Hall Thruster Performance Specifications (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3406.vid This work adapts manufacturing and metrology industry standards to create a risk-based approach for the determination of electric propulsion performance specifications. The developed process is applied to 208 total thrust measurements acquired using three different NASA Hall Effect Rocket with Magnet Shielding (HERMeS) Technology Demonstration Unit (TDU) 12.5-kW Hall thrusters in three different test facilities in order to generate thrust specifications at the 300 V/6.25 kW, 400 V/8.33 kW, 500 V/10.42 kW, and 600 V/12.5 kW operating conditions. These thrust specifications are used to perform a set of sample acceptance tests to illustrate the importance of adding additional conservatism using a parameter known of the Test Accuracy Ratio in order to control the risk to the thruster producer and consumer from false rejection and acceptance of thruster units.
MK-8719, a Novel and Selective O-GlcNAcase Inhibitor That Reduces the Formation of Pathological Tau and Ameliorates Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy (2020)

Deposition of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated tau protein in the central nervous system is characteristic of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies. Tau is subject to <i>O</i>-linked <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (<i>O</i>-GlcNAc) modification, and <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation of tau has been shown to influence tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Inhibition of <i>O</i>-GlcNAcase (OGA), the enzyme that removes <i>O</i>-GlcNAc moieties, is a novel strategy to attenuate the formation of pathologic tau. Here we described the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of a novel and selective OGA inhibitor, MK-8719. In vitro, this compound is a potent inhibitor of the human OGA enzyme with comparable activity against the corresponding enzymes from mouse, rat, and dog. In vivo, oral administration of MK-8719 elevates brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cell <i>O</i>-GlcNAc levels in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, positron emission tomography imaging studies demonstrate robust target engagement of MK-8719 in the brains of rats and rTg4510 mice. In the rTg4510 mouse model of human tauopathy, MK-8719 significantly increases brain <i>O</i>-GlcNAc levels and reduces pathologic tau. The reduction in tau pathology in rTg4510 mice is accompanied by attenuation of brain atrophy, including reduction of forebrain volume loss as revealed by volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis. These findings suggest that OGA inhibition may reduce tau pathology in tauopathies. However, since hundreds of <i>O</i>-GlcNAcylated proteins may be influenced by OGA inhibition, it will be critical to understand the physiologic and toxicological consequences of chronic <i>O</i>-GlcNAc elevation in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: MK-8719 is a novel, selective, and potent <i>O</i>-linked <i>N-</i>acetylglucosamine (<i>O</i>-GlcNAc)-ase (OGA) inhibitor that inhibits OGA enzyme activity across multiple species with comparable in vitro potency. In vivo, MK-8719 elevates brain <i>O</i>-GlcNAc levels, reduces pathological tau, and ameliorates brain atrophy in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. These findings indicate that OGA inhibition may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies.
Atherosclerotic tissue characterization in vivo by optical coherence tomography attenuation imaging (2010)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is rapidly becoming the method of choice for assessing arterial wall pathology in vivo. Atherosclerotic plaques can be diagnosed with high accuracy, including measurement of the thickness of fibrous caps, enabling an assessment of the risk of rupture. While the OCT image presents morphological information in highly resolved detail, it relies on interpretation of the images by trained readers for the identification of vessel wall components and tissue type. We present a framework to enable systematic and automatic classification of atherosclerotic plaque constituents, based on the optical attenuation coefficient μ t of the tissue. OCT images of 65 coronary artery segments in vitro, obtained from 14 vessels harvested at autopsy, are analyzed and correlated with histology. Vessel wall components can be distinguished based on their optical properties: necrotic core and macrophage infiltration exhibit strong attenuation, μ t≥10mm -1, while calcific and fibrous tissue have a lower μ t≈2-5mm -1. The algorithm is successfully applied to OCT patient data, demonstrating that the analysis can be used in a clinical setting and assist diagnostics of vessel wall pathology.
Sensitivity Thresholds and Variable Time Scales in Plant Hormone Action (1994)

Plant growth regulators are involved in major developmental transitions, such as flowering, embryogenesis, or dormancy, and in real-time responses to environmental conditions, such as adjustments in growth rates or stomatal conductance. In addition, it is generally the case that only specific cells or tissues in the plant are responsive to a particular regulatory factor. For example, only certain cells at or near the abscission zone express cellulase when exposed to ethylene (del Campillo et al., 1990); aleurone cells of cereal grains respond specifically to GA by synthesizing a-amylase (Jacobsen and Knox, 1973); stomatal guard cells are dramatically responsive to ABA (MacRobbie, 1991); and transcriptional responses to auxin vary markedly among different cell and tissue types (Gee et al., 1991). The wide range of hormonal responses evident among individual cell types and the different developmental and physiological time scales on which hormones act raise two questions that will be addressed here. (a) How is the variation in hormonal sensitivity or content among cells or tissues integrated into developmental patterns? (b) What is the relationship of hormonal sensitivity or content to the timing of developmental or physiological events? Recently, new insights into these fundamental questions have begun to form into a general model of plant hormone action. Our objective here is to outline a novel conceptual framework that integrates variation in both hormonal sensitivity and content with an expanded view of biological time.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Proteasome Inhibition Causes Regression of Leukemia and Abrogates BCR-ABL–Induced Evasion of Apoptosis in Part through Regulation of Forkhead Tumor Suppressors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Proteasome Inhibition Causes Regression of Leukemia and Abrogates BCR-ABL–Induced Evasion of Apoptosis in Part through Regulation of Forkhead Tumor Suppressors
Phosphonylation Controls the Protein Corona of Multifunctional Polyglycerol‐Modified Nanocarriers (2019)

Nanocarriers are a platform for modern drug delivery. In contact with blood, proteins adsorb to nanocarriers, altering their behavior in vivo. To reduce unspecific protein adsorption and unspecific cellular uptake, nanocarriers are modified with hydrophilic polymers like poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). However, with PEG the attachment of further functional structures such as targeting units is limited. A method to introduce multifunctionality via polyglycerol (PG) while maintaining the hydrophilicity of PEG is introduced. Different amounts of negatively charged phosphonate groups (up to 29 mol%) are attached to the multifunctional PGs (M<sub>n</sub> 2-4 kg mol<sup>-1</sup> , Ð < 1.36) by post-modification. PGs are used in the miniemulsion/solvent evaporation procedure to prepare model nanocarriers. Their behavior in human blood plasma is investigated to determine the influence of the negative charges on the protein adsorption. The protein corona of PGylated nanocarriers is similar to PEGylated analogs (on same nanocarriers), but the protein pattern could be gradually altered by the integration of phosphonates. This is the first report on the gradual increase of negative charges on nanocarriers and intriguingly up to a certain amount of phosphonate groups per nanocarrier the protein pattern remains relatively unchanged, which is important for the future design of nanocarriers.
Olaparib Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer and BRCA1, BRCA2 , or ATM Alterations Identified by Testing Circulating Tumor DNA (2022)

When tumor tissue testing is not feasible or has failed, ctDNA testing may be a suitable alternative to identify patients with mCRPC carrying BRCA/ATM alterations who may benefit from olaparib treatment.
Supermode noise correlation of harmonically modelocked lasers (2006)

Two types of supermode noise, uncorrelated and correlated, are demonstrated for two different types of harmonically modelocked lasers. The correlated supermode noise is originated from the excitation of multiple correlated optical supermodes.
Dynamic Discontinuous PWM for Grid-tied Inverter Applications (2020)

This paper proposes a Dynamic Discontinuous PWM (DDPWM) strategy for Grid Tied Inverter applications utilizing 2 level Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs). DDPWM is a version of Generalized DPWM (GDPWM) optimized for usage with full range of operating power factor values and without need for current feedback signals, such that it provides minimal switching loss. Switching and Conduction Loss expressions are derived, simulated and analyzed for individual transistors and diodes inside inverter module. Simplified thermal model based on available datasheet parameters is presented and used for evaluation of thermal performance of semiconductor devices under DDPWM across full range of power factor and modulation index values. It is demonstrated that high modulation index and low power factor values produce highest overall module losses, but that the individual device temperatures are dependent on module forward and switching characteristics, as well as thermal resistances. Experimental setup is implemented to evaluate thermal performance of DDPWM.
Pharmacological characterization of tachykinin tetrabranched derivatives (2014)

The present study has shown that the PWT technology can be successfully applied to the peptide sequence of tachykinins to generate tetrabranched derivatives characterized with a pharmacological profile similar to the native peptides. In vivo, PWT2-SP displayed higher potency and a marked prolongation of action, compared with SP.
The Formation Mechanism of 3D Porous Anodized Aluminum Oxide Templates from an Aluminum Film with Copper Impurities (2015)

This paper describes the fundamental mechanism for the formation of a 3-dimensional porous template during the anodization of Al with less than 1 atom % Cu percentages. It is known that the presence of Cu impurities in an Al film introduces horizontal pores interconnecting the vertically aligned porous structure of the anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template. We show that the formation of these horizontal pores is accompanied by current density oscillations when the anodization is performed at a constant voltage. The frequency of these oscillations is directly related to the horizontal interpore distance. We propose a mechanism that links the current density oscillations to the Cu accumulation at the metal/oxide interface through the cyclic change in anode potential. The distance between the horizontal pores is found independent of the current density, temperature, and electrolyte concentration. Instead, it was found that the spacing between the vertical pores, and thus, the anodization voltage determines the spacing between the horizontal pores. A model based on the plastic flow of the alumina barrier layer was suggested to link the spacing between the horizontal and the vertical pores. These results provide important insights in the formation of 3D AAO templates. In addition, we show the fabrication of rigid 3D metal nanomeshes by electrochemical deposition into these 3D porous templates.
Combinatorial and High-Throughput Development of Sensing Materials:  The First 10 Years (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCombinatorial and High-Throughput Development of Sensing Materials: The First 10 YearsRadislav A. Potyrailo and Vladimir M. MirskyView Author Information Chemical and Biological Sensing Laboratory, Materials Analysis and Chemical Sciences, General Electric Global Research, Niskayuna, New York 12309, and Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2, 770–813Publication Date (Web):January 23, 2008Publication History Received30 July 2007Published online23 January 2008Published inissue 1 February 2008https://doi.org/10.1021/cr068127fCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7452Altmetric-Citations219LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (4 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Drug discovery,Materials,Polymers,Screening assays,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Friction-Mediated Dynamic Disordering of Phospholipid Membrane by Mechanical Motions of Photoresponsive Molecular Glue: Activation of Ion Permeation (2012)

A water-soluble photoresponsive molecular glue, Azo-18Glue, consisting of a photochromic azobenzene core and two adhesive dendritic wedges with a total of 18 peripheral guanidinium ion (Gu+) pendants tightly adheres to the surface of a phospholipid membrane, even in buffer, via a multivalent salt-bridge formation with phosphate anions. A photomechanical motion of adhering Azo-18Glue possibly gives rise to dynamic structural disordering of the phospholipid membrane and activates transmembrane ion permeation. In sharp contrast, no activation of ion permeation results when poorly adhesive Azo-6Glue carrying only six Gu+ pendants is used in place of Azo-18Glue.
ChemInform Abstract: Optoelectronic Properties of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2012)

Abstract Review: 288 refs.
Sparse factor analysis for learning and content analytics (2014)

We develop a new model and algorithms for machine learning-based learning analytics, which estimate a learner's knowledge of the concepts underlying a domain, and content analytics, which estimate the relationships among a collection of questions and those concepts. Our model represents the probability that a learner provides the correct response to a question in terms of three factors: their understanding of a set of underlying concepts, the concepts involved in each question, and each question's intrinsic difficulty. We estimate these factors given the graded responses to a collection of questions. The underlying estimation problem is ill-posed in general, especially when only a subset of the questions are answered. The key observation that enables a well-posed solution is the fact that typical educational domains of interest involve only a small number of key concepts. Leveraging this observation, we develop both a bi-convex maximum-likelihood-based solution and a Bayesian solution to the resulting SPARse Factor Analysis (SPARFA) problem. We also incorporate user-defined tags on questions to facilitate the interpretability of the estimated factors. Experiments with synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. Finally, we make a connection between SPARFA and noisy, binary-valued (1-bit) dictionary learning that is of independent interest.
Increased Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Strongly Protects Retina from Oxidative Damage (2008)

Oxidative damage contributes to cone cell death in retinitis pigmentosa and death of rods, cones, and retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells in age-related macular degeneration. In this study, we explored the strategy of overexpressing components of the endogenous antioxidant defense system to combat oxidative damage in RPE cells and retina. In transfected cultured RPE cells with increased expression of superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) or SOD2, there was increased constitutive and stress-induced oxidative damage measured by the level of carbonyl adducts on proteins. In contrast, RPE cells with increased expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) or Gpx4 did not show an increase in constitutive oxidative damage. An increase in Gpx4, and to a lesser extent Gpx1, reduced oxidative stress-induced RPE cell damage. Co-expression of Gpx4 with SOD1 or 2 partially reversed the deleterious effects of the SODs. Transgenic mice with inducible expression of Gpx4 in photoreceptors were generated, and in three models of oxidative damage-induced retinal degeneration, increased expression of Gpx4 provided strong protection of retinal structure and function. These data suggest that gene therapy approaches to augment the activity of Gpx4 in the retina and RPE should be considered in patients with retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration.
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF BOLTED JOINTS IN COMPOSITE LAMINATES (2013)

This paper presents a numerical model based on a non-linear finite-element formulation for the analysis of progressive damaging and failure modes in bolted joints between fiber-reinforced composite structural elements. The model, which implements two different failure criteria, has been preliminarily applied to a pin-plate system comprising a mono-directional fiber-reinforced laminated plate, and predicted results in terms of the bearing failure load have been successfully compared with available experimental data. Proposed results clearly suggest that failure criteria not accounting for micro-structural stress-strain localization mechanisms can be not able to describe suitably the global failure of bolted joints between fiber-reinforced members. Sommario Il presente lavoro propone un modello numerico basato su una formulazione non lineare agli elementi finiti per l’analisi del danno progressivo e dei modi di rottura in giunzioni bullonate tra elementi strutturali in composito fibro-rinforzato. Il modello, che implementa due differenti criteri di rottura, ` stato applicato preliminarmente al caso di un sistema perno-piastra costituito da un laminato fibro-rinforzato unidirezionale, e i risultati ottenuti per il carico ultimo di rifollamento sono stati confrontati con quelli sperimentali disponibili in letteratura, mostrando un ottimo accordo. I risultati proposti mettono chiaramente in evidenza che l’uso di un criterio di resistenza che non tenga conto dei meccanismi di localizzazione delle tensioni e delle deformazioni dovuti alla micro-struttura del materiale pu` o non consentire di descrivere correttamente la condizione di crisi globale in giunzioni bullonate fra elementi strutturali in materiale fibro-rinforzato.
Supplementary Table S1.5 from Metabolic and Functional Genomic Studies Identify Deoxythymidylate Kinase as a Target in <i>LKB1</i>-Mutant Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation hits.&lt;/p&gt;