gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of impulse radio UWB systems with pulse-based polarity randomization (2005)

In this paper, the performance of a binary phase shift keyed random time-hopping impulse radio system with pulse-based polarity randomization is analyzed. Transmission over frequency-selective channels is considered and the effects of inter-frame interference and multiple access interference on the performance of a generic Rake receiver are investigated for both synchronous and asynchronous systems. Closed form (approximate) expressions for the probability of error that are valid for various Rake combining schemes are derived. The asynchronous system is modelled as a chip-synchronous system with uniformly distributed timing jitter for the transmitted pulses of interfering users. This model allows the analytical technique developed for the synchronous case to be extended to the asynchronous case. An approximate closed-form expression for the probability of bit error, expressed in terms of the autocorrelation function of the transmitted pulse, is derived for the asynchronous case. Then, transmission over an additive white Gaussian noise channel is studied as a special case, and the effects of multiple-access interference is investigated for both synchronous and asynchronous systems. The analysis shows that the chip-synchronous assumption can result in over-estimating the error probability, and the degree of over-estimation mainly depends on the autocorrelation function of the ultra-wideband pulse and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio of the system. Simulations studies support the approximate analysis.
Stacking faults in WSi2: Resistivity effects (1986)

Films of WSi2 initially deposited in an amorphous form have been known to display an unexpected resistivity maximum when annealed at a temperature corresponding to the transition from the low-temperature hexagonal structure to the high-temperature tetragonal structure. It is shown that the resistivity maximum is due to an extremely high (5×106/cm) density of stacking faults. Thus, at least one of the scattering defects which contribute to the relatively high resistivity of WSi2 films has been identified.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Recognition: Bis‐Acylguanidiniums Provide a Simple Family of Receptors for Phosphodiesters. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improved Outcomes After Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Light Chain Amyloidosis: A Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Study (2015)

Post-transplantation survival in AL has improved, with a dramatic reduction in early post-transplantation mortality and excellent 5-year survival. The risk-benefit ratio for autotransplantation has changed, and randomized comparison with nontransplantation approaches is again warranted.
Specialized transduction with lambda plac5: dependence on recA and on configuration of lac and att lambda (1981)

The construction of lambda plac5 transducing phages carrying various lacZ alleles is described. Genetically disabled (N- N- P-) lambda plac transducing the phages were used to study the dependence of specialized transduction on host RecA function and on the location of the lacZ gene in the recipient strain. In the absence of site-specific recombination at att lambda, transduction was completely dependent on host RecA function. Regardless of the configuration of att lambda, lambda plac transducing phages recombined at a 20- to 50-fold higher frequency with F42 lac than with a lac gene located in the cellular chromosome. Deletion mutants of lacZ in the recipient strain were used to show that the probability of lac recombination resulting from lambda plac infection is apparently proportional to the amount of homology between the parental lacZ genes.
Synthesis of Supported Pd0 Nanoparticles from a Single-Site Pd2+ Surface Complex by Alkene Reduction (2018)

A surface metal–organic complex, (-AlOx)Pd(acac) (acac = acetylacetonate), is prepared by chemically grafting the precursor Pd(acac)2 onto γ-Al2O3 in toluene at 25 °C. The resulting surface complex is characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and dynamic nuclear polarization surface-enhanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DNP SENS). This surface complex is a precursor in the direct synthesis of size-controlled Pd nanoparticles under mild reductive conditions and in the absence of additional stabilizers or pretreatments. Indeed, upon exposure to gaseous ethylene or liquid 1-octene at 25 °C, the Pd2+ species is reduced to form Pd0 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 4.3 ± 0.6 nm, as determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). These nanoparticles are catalytically relevant using the aerobic 1-phenylethanol oxidation as a probe reaction, with rates comparable to a conventional Pd/Al2O3 catalyst but without an induction period. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and temperature-programmed reaction mass spectrometry (TPR-MS) reveal that the surface complex reduction with ethylene coproduces H2, acetylene, and 1,3-butadiene. This process reasonably proceeds via an olefin activation/coordination/insertion pathway, followed by β-hydride elimination to generate free Pd0. The well-defined nature of the single-site supported Pd2+ precursor provides direct mechanistic insights into this unusual and likely general reductive process.
Global Consensus on Keratoconus and Ectatic Diseases (2015)

This project resulted in definitions, statements, and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of keratoconus and other ectatic diseases. It also provides an insight into the current worldwide treatment of these conditions.
CXCL5 Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression (2008)

CXCL5 is a proangiogenic CXC-type chemokine that is an inflammatory mediator and a powerful attractant for granulocytic immune cells. Unlike many other chemokines, CXCL5 is secreted by both immune (neutrophil, monocyte, and macrophage) and nonimmune (epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblastic) cell types. The current study was intended to determine which of these cell types express CXCL5 in normal and malignant human prostatic tissues, whether expression levels correlated with malignancy and whether CXCL5 stimulated biologic effects consistent with a benign or malignant prostate epithelial phenotype. The results of these studies show that CXCL5 protein expression levels are concordant with prostate tumor progression, are highly associated with inflammatory infiltrate, and are frequently detected in the lumens of both benign and malignant prostate glands. Exogenous administration of CXCL5 stimulates cellular proliferation and gene transcription in both nontransformed and transformed prostate epithelial cells and induces highly aggressive prostate cancer cells to invade through synthetic basement membrane in vitro. These findings suggest that the inflammatory mediator, CXCL5, may play multiple roles in the etiology of both benign and malignant proliferative diseases in the prostate.
On the rate loss and construction of source codes for broadcast channels (2005)

In this paper, we first define and bound the rate loss of source codes for broadcast channels. Our broadcast channel model comprises one transmitter and two receivers; the transmitter is connected to each receiver by a private channel and to both receivers by a common channel. The transmitter sends a description of source (X, Y) through these channels, receiver 1 reconstructs X with distortion D1, and receiver 2 reconstructs Y with distortion D2. Suppose the rates of the common channel and private channels 1 and 2 are R0, R1, and R2, respectively. The work of Gray and Wyner gives a complete characterization of all achievable rate triples (R0,R1,R2) given any distortion pair (D1,D2). In this paper, we define the rate loss as the gap between the achievable region and the outer bound composed by the rate-distortion functions, i.e., R0+R1+R2 ≥ RX,Y (D1,D2), R0 + R1 ≥ RX(D1), and R0 + R2 ≥ RY (D2). We upper bound the rate loss for general sources by functions of distortions and upper bound the rate loss for Gaussian sources by constants, which implies that though the outer bound is generally not achievable, it may be quite close to the achievable region. This also bounds the gap between the achievable region and the inner bound proposed by Gray and Wyner and bounds the performance penalty associated with using separate decoders rather than joint decoders. We then construct such source codes using entropy-constrained dithered quantizers. The resulting implementation has low complexity and performance close to the theoretical optimum. In particular, the gap between its performance and the theoretical optimum can be bounded from above by constants for Gaussian sources.
Multipole-multimode Floquet theory of rotational resonance width experiments: C13–C13 distance measurements in uniformly labeled solids (2006)

A formal description of zero-quantum (ZQ) NMR processes using multipole-multimode Floquet theory is proposed for studying polarization transfer in magic angle spinning experiments. Specifically, we investigate the factors affecting the accuracy and precision of 13C-13C distance measurements that are based on ZQ-magnetization exchange processes in rotational resonance width experiments. With suitable examples drawn from measurements in N-acetyl-[U-13C,15N]-L-valine-L-leucine, we substantiate our approach and propose methods for improving the accuracy and reliability of such 13C-13C distance measurements in uniformly 13C, 15N-labeled solids. In addition, the theoretical model presented in this article provides a more general framework for describing relaxation phenomena involving multiple decay rate constants in zero-quantum processes.
Spectral invariance hypothesis study of polarized reflectance with Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (GroundMSPI) (2015)

Many models used to represent the boundary condition for the separation of atmospheric scattering from the surface reflectance in polarized remote sensing measurements assume that the polarized surface reflectance is spectrally neutral. The Spectral Invariance Hypothesis asserts that the magnitude and shape of the polarized bidirectional reflectance factor (pBRF) is equal for all wavelengths. In order to test this hypothesis, JPL's Ground-based Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (GroundMSPI) is used to measure polarization information of different outdoor surface types. GroundMSPI measures the linear polarization Stokes parameters (I, Q, U), at three wavelengths, 470 nm, 660 nm, and 865 nm. The camera is mounted on a two-axis gimbal to accurately select the view azimuth and elevation directions. On clear sky days we acquired day-long scans of scenes that contain various surface types such as grass, dirt, cement, brick, and asphalt and placed a Spectralon panel in the camera field of view to provide a reflectance reference. Over the course of each day, changing solar position in the sky provides a large range of scattering angles for this study. The polarized bidirectional reflectance factor (pBRF) is measured for the three wavelengths and the best fit slope of the spectral correlation is reported. This work reports the range of best fit slopes measured for five region types.
Bimodal Oscillation as a Mechanism for Autonomous Majority Voting in PUFs (2018)

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) leveraging minute silicon process variations have been proposed for generating the device-tied secret keys. When creating the PUF-based keys, the high energy and area costs for implementing error corrections can far exceed the costs of the basic PUF circuits alone. It is critical to minimize the end-to-end cost of the reliable key generation; otherwise, the application of PUFs would be greatly limited. In this paper, we propose a new PUF scheme that uses a circuit with two different oscillation modes (bimodal oscillation) to realize the autonomous majority voting and improve PUF reliability. This design is novel and efficient because the voting procedure is realized with a self-timed oscillating circuit without orchestration by a clock signal. We use both circuit simulation and FPGA implementation to evaluate the reliability tradeoffs achieved by different parameterizations of the design, to show that the design performs well across a range of supply voltages, and to quantify the robustness of the design across a broad range of operating temperatures.
Complement in clinical medicine: Clinical trials, case reports and therapy monitoring (2017)

Research during past decades made it evident that complement is involved in more tasks than fighting infections, but has important roles in other immune surveillance and housekeeping functions. If the balance between complement activation and regulation is out of tune, however, complement can quickly turn against the host and contribute to adverse processes that result in various clinical conditions. Whereas clinical awareness was initially focused on complement deficiencies, excessive activation and insufficient regulation are frequently the dominant factors in complement-related disorders. The individual complement profile of a patient often determines the course and severity of the disease, and the pathophysiological involvement of complement may be highly diverse. As a consequence, complement assays have evolved as essential tools not only in initial diagnosis but also for following disease progression and for monitoring complement-targeted therapies, which become increasingly available in routine clinical use. We herein review the current state of complement-directed drug candidates in clinical evaluation and provide an overview of extended indications considered for the FDA-approved inhibitor eculizumab. Furthermore we review the literature describing cases reports and case series where eculizumab has been used "off-label". Finally, we give a summary of the currently available tests to measure complement profiles and discuss their suitability in diagnostics and treatment monitoring. With complement finally entering the clinical arena, there are intriguing opportunities for treating complement-mediated diseases. However, this progress also requires a new awareness about complement pathophysiology, adequate diagnostic tools and suitable treatment options among clinicians treating patients with such disorders.
FLOW IN AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF HEART AND AORTA (2004)

Summary CFD of blood flow was carried out in an integrated model of the left ventricle and the aorta. It was shown that the formation of recirculating flow beneath the aortic valve (AV) during diastole effectively redirected inflow to the outflow tract, accommodating systolic ejection. The results also demonstrated that blood flow through AV had markedly skewed velocity profiles with swirling flows, provoking helical flow in the aorta. These findings addressed the importance of inclusion of the ventricular flow in the analysis of the aortic flow.
One-Pot Microwave-Assisted Selective Azido Reduction/Tandem Cyclization in Condensed and Solid Phase with Nickel Boride (2009)

An efficient and inexpensive method using microwave-assisted irradiation with Ni2B for the syntheses of aromatic amines, pyrrolobenzodiazepines as well as pyrroloquinazolinones was developed. This protocol was applied in the tandem resin-cleavage, azido reduction, and cyclization of compounds 3 and 5 that afforded substituted pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines 4 and 6 in a one-pot manner. The microwave-assisted irradiation reactions enhanced yields with very short reaction times in contrast to the conventional thermal reactions.
Andrology: Seminal volume and total sperm number trends in men attending subfertllity clinics in the Greater Athens area during the period 1977-1993 (1996)

The trends for such important parameters of male fertility as seminal volume and total sperm number were assessed in men living permanently in the Greater Athens area over a prolonged period of time. To this end, the records of three andrological laboratories employing the same method for semen evaluation were analysed retrospectively. Out of 23,850 men examined from 1977 to 1993 (17 years) for couple subfertility, a total of 2385 (10%) were selected for evaluation by a randomization procedure. Analysis of the data included (i) estimation of mean seminal volume and total sperm number per year, (ii) assessment of percentage frequency distribution of each seminal parameter and (iii) evaluation of seminal volume and total sperm number changes in relation to the year of observation and age of the subjects. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) of total sperm number was observed over the years with a mean (+/-SEM) of 154.3 +/- 19.2 x 10(6) at the beginning (1977), dropping to 130.1 +/- 13.3 x 10(6) in the final year (1993). Mean seminal volume was lower in the final year of observation, but its difference from the initial year value was not significant. Frequency distribution analysis showed a marked decline in the 240-400 x 10(6) sub-set of the range of sperm number values from 16.9 +/- 4.5% (1977) to 10.6 +/- 1.6% in the final year (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis of seminal volume, total sperm number, age and year of assessment revealed a significant decline of the two seminal parameters along the years of observation (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001 respectively). Over the same period, a marked deterioration of some air pollution indices was observed in that area. It is concluded that in this racially and ethnically homogeneous sample of men, living under the same environmental conditions, a significant decline in seminal volume and total sperm number occurred over the 17 years of observation.
Robust pigtail catheter tip detection in fluoroscopy (2012)

The pigtail catheter is a type of catheter inserted into the human body during interventional surgeries such as the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The catheter is characterized by a tightly curled end in order to remain attached to a valve pocket during the intervention, and it is used to inject contrast agent for the visualization of the vessel in fluoroscopy. Image-based detection of this catheter is used during TAVI, in order to overlay a model of the aorta and enhance visibility during the surgery. Due to the different possible projection angles in fluoroscopy, the pigtail tip can appear in a variety of different shapes spanning from pure circular to ellipsoid or even line. Furthermore, the appearance of the catheter tip is radically altered when the contrast agent is injected during the intervention or when it is occluded by other devices. All these factors make the robust real-time detection and tracking of the pigtail catheter a challenging task. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a new tree-structured, hierarchical detection scheme, based on a shape categorization of the pigtail catheter tip, and a combination of novel Haar features. The proposed framework demonstrates improved detection performance, through a validation on a data set consisting of 272 sequences with more than 20,000 images. The detection framework presented in this paper is not limited to pigtail catheter detection, but it can also be applied successfully to any other shape-varying object with similar characteristics.
Methohexital for orthopaedic procedures in the emergency department. (1993)

The past two decades have seen more and more orthopaedic procedures performed in the emergency department. Methohexital would seem to be a useful adjunct drug for the performance of these procedures because of its well-known attributes (eg, rapid induction and recovery, brief duration, and minimal hemodynamic changes). A search of the literature revealed no previous studies on the use of methohexital in the emergency department. Therefore, the authors undertook a 1-year prospective study of all patients in their emergency department who received methohexital for orthopaedic procedures. The study's hypothesis was that methohexital is a safe drug for use in orthopaedic procedures in the emergency department. Additionally, the authors sought to determine the drug's indications for use, patterns of usage, and effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The data presented here are a subset of data previously presented and published.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Single-Chain Antibody-Based Immunotoxins Targeting Her2/neu: Design Optimization and Impact of Affinity on Antitumor Efficacy and Off-Target Toxicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1372KB, Quantification of Her2/neu level shed from Her2/neu positive cells. A.&lt;/p&gt;
Generation capacity design for a microgrid for measurable power quality indexes (2012)

Microgrids are receiving a lot of attention to utilize distributed generations in a sub-system and provide higher efficiency and reliability and support local loads. A high renewable-energy penetrated microgrid is studied in this paper. The distribution system and the loads in the microgrid are represented by a properly scaled 12kV IEEE 34 bus system. The central power is replaced with a 1.875MVA base-load diesel generator and a 250kW solar PV and a 500kW wind generations are added at nodes 848 and 890, respectively. The major loads in this microgrid are then modeled with a load profile. Special variable kW and kVAR loads were modeled to include load demand variations. The wind and solar PV plants are modeled with wind and solar power profiles. The microgrid system including the source variations and demand variations is simulated using PSCAD software. The microgrid is monitored at number of buses and the power quality issues are measured and indexes are calculated. This system can be used to determine the capacity requirements for the non-renewable generators to maintain the power quality indexes.
Kumada–Corriu reactions in a pressure-driven microflow reactor (2001)

Reaction rates for the Kumada reaction (of Grignard reagents with aryl halides) catalysed by an immobilised nickel(II) catalyst have been shown to be enhanced when the reaction is carried out in a pressure driven microreactor (internal diameter 100-200 microm) rather than with conventional batch reaction techniques.
Effect of Oxide Breakdown on Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Circuit Operation and Reliability (2004)

The effect of gate oxide breakdown on complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit is investigated through simulation program integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulations. We have developed an equivalent circuit model for post-breakdown metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) in which a current leakage path from the gate to the source/drain is created, and have predicted the current-voltage characteristics of the gate oxide after the soft breakdown induced under normal bias condition. The simulations demonstrate that the circuit operation would be significantly affected by not only the hard breakdown but also the soft breakdown. The effect of oxide breakdown is dependent on the device size and the breakdown location, implying that the circuit configuration must be taken into account for the reliability projection.