gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Au Bump Interconnection with Ultrasonic Flip-Chip Bonding in 20 µm Pitch (2003)

Superfine flip-chip bonding technologies in 20 µm pitch microbumps on copper through-hole electrodes are substantial technologies for three-dimensional (3D) chip stacking LSI. As the advanced interconnection technology to connect the through-hole electrodes at low temperature and low bonding force, the ultrasonic flip-chip bonding (UFB) was verified by the total evaluation and the atomic-level analysis of the bonding interface on the chip-on-chip (COC) structure utilizing electroplated Au microbumps in 20 µm pitch. First, the lower limit bonding conditions were confirmed to be a bonding force of 20 N and an amplitude of 3 µm; the bonding accuracy achieved was within ±2 µm, the electrical interface resistance was stable about 0.57 Ω, and no damage around the interconnection structure was observed. Secondly, the mechanism of solid phase bonding interface formation at the atomic level without solid phase diffusion was confirmed as the Au-Au solid phase UFB bonding mechanism, and the orientation geometry of such bonding was apparently different from that of thermo compression bonding, which showed solid phase diffusion across the boundary. The achievement of this research will enable the realization of the 3D chip stacking LSI in the near future, which is characterized by scalabilities and high-performance. The subjects are the elucidation of the real oscillation contributes to bonding to optimize the process conditions and the establishment of the micro joint reliabilities utilizing UFB process.
Using Sound Source Models to Organize Mixtures (2007)

Recovering individual source signals from sound mixtures is almost always highly underconstrained, and is made possible only when additional assumptions are made about the form of the sources, mixture process, or both. Many perceptual phenomena, including restoration and illusions, reveal how strongly human listeners can rely on prior expectations to solve perceptual challenges. The basis of our computational work is to equate these expectations with internal models of source behavior, delineating the limited subset of possible sounds that are expected to occur, and thereby providing the constraints to solve the problem. I will review some relevant perceptual phenomena, then discuss how source models, of different degrees of complexity, can be used to help to understand and separate sound mixtures, including speech mixed with nonstationary interference.
Synthesis of Bimetallic Iron-Chromium and Iron-Manganese Complexes with Conjugated Benzodithiophene-Based Spacers (2007)

Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions of an ethynylferrocene complex, [η6-phenylethynyl]tricarbonyl chromium and [η5(1-5)-1-ethynyl-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dienyl]tricarbonyl manganese with a 2-iodobenzodithiophene derivative lead to the formation of mononuclear complexes. Similarly, condensation of the iodo derivative of one of these complexes with the [η6-phenylethynyl]tricarbonyl chromium and [η5(1-5)-1-ethynyl-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dienyl]tricarbonyl manganese complexes affords bimetallic iron-chromium and iron-manganese complexes. Upon hydride abstraction, the manganese derivatives give the corresponding (η6-arene) cations. The structure of the neutral bimetallic iron-manganese complex has been investigated by X-ray diffraction study.
Crystal Versus Solution Structures of Enzymes: NMR Spectroscopy of a Crystalline Serine Protease (1989)

The hydrogen-bonding status of His57 in the catalytic triad (Asp-His-Ser) of serine protease has important mechanistic implications for this class of enzymes. Recent nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of alpha-lytic protease find His57 and Ser195 to be strongly hydrogen-bonded, a result that conflicts with the corresponding crystallographic studies, thereby suggesting that the crystal and solution structures may differ. This discrepancy is addressed and resolved in a nitrogen-15 NMR study of the enzyme in the crystalline state. The results show that the His-Ser and Asp-His interactions are identical in crystals and solutions, but that in crystals His57 titrates with a pKa of 7.9, nearly one pKa unit higher than in solution. This elevated pKa accounts for the absence of the His-Ser hydrogen bond in previous x-ray studies.
Enhancing Parameter-Free Frank Wolfe with an Extra Subproblem (2021)

Aiming at convex optimization under structural constraints, this work introduces and analyzes a variant of the Frank Wolfe (FW) algorithm termed ExtraFW. The distinct feature of ExtraFW is the pair of gradients leveraged per iteration, thanks to which the decision variable is updated in a prediction-correction (PC) format. Relying on no problem dependent parameters in the step sizes, the convergence rate of ExtraFW for general convex problems is shown to be ${\cal O}(\frac{1}{k})$, which is optimal in the sense of matching the lower bound on the number of solved FW subproblems. However, the merit of ExtraFW is its faster rate ${\cal O}\big(\frac{1}{k^2} \big)$ on a class of machine learning problems. Compared with other parameter-free FW variants that have faster rates on the same problems, ExtraFW has improved rates and fine-grained analysis thanks to its PC update. Numerical tests on binary classification with different sparsity-promoting constraints demonstrate that the empirical performance of ExtraFW is significantly better than FW, and even faster than Nesterov's accelerated gradient on certain datasets. For matrix completion, ExtraFW enjoys smaller optimality gap, and lower rank than FW.
Increased levels of circulating soluble CD14 but not CD83 in infants are associated with early intestinal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (2006)

Perinatal colonization with S. aureus may trigger the occurrence of sCD14 in plasma, which may influence development of the infantile immune system and risk of allergy development.
Significant changes in macrophage and CD8 T cell densities in primary prostate tumors 2 weeks after SBRT (2022)

Two weeks after SBRT, CD68, and CD163 macrophages are significantly increased while CD8 T cells are decreased. SBRT markedly alters the immune environment within prostate cancers.
Dynamic range of traveling-wave multiple-quantum-well electroabsorption modulators (2003)

A detailed study of the nonlinearity and the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator is presented. A SFDR as high as 128dB-Hz/sup 4/5/achieved at 10 GHz.
P‐7: A 65‐in. 8K LCD and OLED Display Using Cloud‐Aligned Composite Oxide‐Semiconductor (CAC‐OS) FET (2017)

Simulation results indicate the feasibility of displays manufactured under ultra‐high‐definition television standards by using a cloud‐aligned composite oxide semiconductor (CAC‐OS) FETs that exhibit high‐performance. The use of an oxide semiconductor/oxide conductor (OS/OC) pixel, which is a transparent pixel, reduced power consumption of a liquid crystal display.
SMS MUSSELS: A Navigator-free Reconstruction for Simultaneous MultiSlice\n Accelerated MultiShot Diffusion Weighted Imaging (2019)

Purpose: To introduce a novel reconstruction method for simultaneous\nmulti-slice (SMS) accelerated multi shot diffusion weighted imaging (ms-DWI).\nMethods: SMS acceleration using blipped CAIPI schemes have been proposed to\nspeed up the acquisition of ms-DWIs. The reconstruction of the above data\nrequires (i) phase compensation to combine data from different shots and (ii)\nslice unfolding to separate the data of different slices. The traditional\napproach is to first estimate the phase maps corresponding to each shot from a\nnavigator or from the slice-aliased individual shot data. The phase maps are\nsubsequently fed to a iterative reconstruction scheme to recover the slice\nunfolded DWIs. We propose a novel reconstruction method to jointly recover the\nslice-unfolded k-space data of the multiple shots. The proposed reconstruction\nis enabled by the low-rank property inherent in the k-space samples of a ms-DW\nacquisition. Specifically, we recover the missing samples of the multi-shot\nacquisition by enforcing a low-rank penalty on the block-Hankel matrix formed\nby the k-space data of each shot for each slice. The joint recovery of the\nslice-unfolded k-space data is then performed using a SENSE-based\nslice-unfolding subject to the low-rank constraint. The proposed joint recovery\nscheme is tested on simulated and in-vivo data and compared to similar\nun-navigated methods at slice acceleration factors of 2 and 3. Results: Our\nexperiments show effective slice unaliasing and successful recovery of DWIs\nwith minimal phase artifacts using the proposed method. The performance is\ncomparable to existing methods at low acceleration factors and better than\nexisting methods as the acceleration factor increase. Conclusion: For the slice\nacceleration factors considered in this study, the proposed method can\nsuccessfully recover DWIs from SMS-accelerated ms-DWI acquisitions.\n
Memory-Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks Can Learn Generalized Dyck Languages (2019)

We introduce three memory-augmented Recurrent Neural Networks (MARNNs) and explore their capabilities on a series of simple language modeling tasks whose solutions require stack-based mechanisms. We provide the first demonstration of neural networks recognizing the generalized Dyck languages, which express the core of what it means to be a language with hierarchical structure. Our memory-augmented architectures are easy to train in an end-to-end fashion and can learn the Dyck languages over as many as six parenthesis-pairs, in addition to two deterministic palindrome languages and the string-reversal transduction task, by emulating pushdown automata. Our experiments highlight the increased modeling capacity of memory-augmented models over simple RNNs, while inflecting our understanding of the limitations of these models.
Wave equation processing using finite-difference propagators, Part 2: Deghosting of marine hydrophone seismic data (2014)

ABSTRACT We have developed a new and simple method for deghosting of conventional hydrophone streamer data towed at arbitrary variable depths. The method uses a time-space domain finite-difference (FD) solution to the wave equation with pressure field boundary conditions to predict and remove ghosts. Because it operates in the time domain, our method is unaffected by any number of notches in the frequency spectrum of the data and therefore will deghost “through notches.” Apart from the acquired hydrophone data, the method relies on the depth profile of the streamer recording the data beneath a sea surface with a known reflection coefficient as well as the propagation velocity in the water above the streamer. The method was applied to simple and more complex synthetic data, which illustrated its ability to deal with complex data and any acquisition geometry.
The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration (2010)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Spotting of Automotive Finishes from the Interactions Between Dry Deposition of Crustal Material and Wet Deposition of Sulfate (1990)

During the summer of 1988, General Motors Research Laboratories operated a mobile atmospheric research laboratory in Jacksonville, Florida to determine the cause of environmentally- related damage that occurs on automotive finishes In many parts of the U.S. The damage occurs as circular, elliptical, or irregular spots that appear as deposits or precipitates. The results of the present study show that a wetting event (rain or dew) is a prerequisite for damage to occur. Sulfuric acid contained in the rain or dew reacts on surfaces with drydeposited calcium which Is a common constituent of soli. As the droplets evaporate, a calcium sulfate precipitate forms on horizontal surfaces around the perimeter of the droplet. Subsequent washing of the surface may remove the precipitate, but on clearcoats, where the calcium sulfate was present, scars remain.
Application of Corynebacterium parvum lysate into the brain of rats--morphological study. (1993)

The authors investigated the influence of application of the Corynebacterium parvum lysate (CPL) into the brain of rats with aim to define the resulting morphological changes. Variable amount of the CPL (0.1, 0.35, 0.7 mg) was injected under stereotactic control into frontal lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere. Morphological changes were studied after intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 30 days respectively. CPL lead to inflammatory and reparative changes in direct relations to the administered dosage. The most pronounced reaction was observed on days 3 and 7. Morphological changes were still visible on day 14. There were no valid difference between the application of efficient CPL and the control physiological saline solution (PSS) after thirty days. The authors suggested that CPL is likely to be safe also in human malignant brain tumor therapy.
On the trail of the Ca2+ receptor(s) for exocytosis (1994)

Recent evidence suggests that membrane fusion may be catalyzed by a common 'fusion machine' whose essential components are conserved throughout evolution. According to this concept, additional, specialized accessory proteins regulate fusion events in specific cell types and compartments. In the presynaptic nerve terminal, membrane fusion is triggered by calcium ions, resulting in the exocytosis of neurotransmitters. Addressing the biochemical mechanisms through which calcium transients are coupled to bilayer fusion has proven to be an experimentally challenging problem. However, potential calcium receptor proteins have been recently identified. The most extensively studied candidate is the synaptic vesicle protein synaptotagmin. A variety of modern techniques have been utilized to determine the role of this molecule in excitation-secretion coupling. In the following, we will concentrate on these efforts, no doubt soon to be applied to other potential calcium sensors, which promise to make it possible to understand the roles of individual proteins in calcium regulated exocytosis.
Towards Understanding Emotional Reactions of Driver-Passenger Dyads in Automated Driving (2018)

Automated driving has the potential to reduce the amount of fatal crashes, lighten the burden of commutes, and democratize mobility access to wider populations. But delegation of control to automation is not without issues. One of the foreseen drawbacks is that users might experience negative emotional reactions to unanticipated or unexplainable automated maneuvers. In this paper we present a novel method to induce targeted emotional reactions, frustration and startle, in simulated automated driving environments. We describe the data collection process for 17 driver - passenger dyads and discuss the data labelling method for generating reliable novel emotion datasets. This contribution is a foundational methodology towards expanding emotional understanding in automated vehicles, a critical skill for building long-term trusted experiences.
Klinische Studie zum in-vivo-Nachweis zirkulierender Tumorzellen (CTC) von Lungenkarzinompatienten mittels des Detektors „CANCER01“ (2014)

Die Charakterisierung zirkulierender Tumorzellen (CTCs) könnte eine Möglichkeit darstellen, Aussagen über Prognose, Therapieeffektivität und Metastasierung bei Lungenkarzinompatienten zu treffen. Der Detektor CANCER01 ist ein 16 cm langer Stahldraht, dessen vordere 2 cm vergoldet und mit einem Hydrogel überzogen sind. An diesem funktionalisierten Teil haftet ein chimärer Anti-EpCAM-Antikörper, der die CTCs bindet. Das System wurde bereits an Patienten, die an einem Mamma- bzw. Prostatakarzinom erkrankt sind, erfolgreich ex-vivo und in-vivo erprobt. Ziel dieser Pilotstudie ist es die Machbarkeit einer in-vivo Isolation von CTCs bei Patienten mit einem Lungentumor vor und unter Therapie zu untersuchen.
Two-dimensional compressibility of electrochemically adsorbed lead on silver (111) (1988)

We report the two-dimensional compressibility of electrochemically deposited lead on silver (111). Measurements were made in situ (in contact with solution) using grazing incidence x-ray scattering. Between monolayer formation and bulk deposition, the near-neighbor distance of the lead monolayer decreases linearly with applied potential. Since the lead monolayer is in equilibrium with the lead in solution, the isothermal compressibility of the monolayer can be calculated and is 0.98 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$/eV. This is in good agreement with that of a two-dimensional, free-electron gas.
Self-Healable Supramolecular Vanadium Pentoxide Reinforced Polydimethylsiloxane-Graft-Polyurethane Composites (2018)

The self-healing ability can be imparted to the polymers by different mechanisms. In this study, self-healing polydimethylsiloxane-graft-polyurethane (PDMS-<i>g</i>-PUR)/Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) nanofiber supramolecular polymer composites based on a reversible hydrogen bonding mechanism are prepared. V₂O₅ nanofibers are synthesized via colloidal route and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM techniques. In order to prepare PDMS-<i>g</i>-PUR, linear aliphatic PUR having one ⁻COOH functional group (PUR-COOH) is synthesized and grafted onto aminopropyl functionalized PDMS by EDC/HCl coupling reaction. PUR-COOH and PDMS-g-PUR are characterized by ¹H NMR, FTIR. PDMS-<i>g</i>-PUR/V₂O₅ nanofiber composites are prepared and characterized by DSC/TGA, FTIR, and tensile tests. The self-healing ability of PDMS-graft-PUR and composites are determined by mechanical tests and optical microscope. Tensile strength data obtained from mechanical tests show that healing efficiencies of PDMS-<i>g</i>-PUR increase with healing time and reach 85.4 ± 1.2 % after waiting 120 min at 50 °C. The addition of V₂O₅ nanofibers enhances the mechanical properties and healing efficiency of the PDMS-<i>g</i>-PUR. An increase of healing efficiency and max tensile strength from 85.4 ± 1.2% to 95.3 ± 0.4% and 113.08 ± 5.24 kPa to 1443.40 ± 8.96 kPa is observed after the addition of 10 wt % V₂O₅ nanofiber into the polymer.
Evaluation and Clinical Analyses of Downstream Targets of the Akt Inhibitor GDC-0068 (2013)

This study identified a set of biomarkers of Akt inhibition that can be used in the clinical setting to assess target engagement. Here, it was used to show that robust Akt inhibition in tumors from patients treated with GDC-0068 is achievable, supporting the clinical development of this compound in defined patient populations.
Access methods for xml query optimization (2006)

An ever increasing number of organizations store their data using the XML data model. In this respect, the XML data model is used as encoding for information exchange, e-commerce messaging and complex data formats such as genome and protein data. These XML encoded data are stored in XML documents and a collection of XML documents is know as an XML database. In a simplified model, an XML document can be modeled as a tree. A challenge to the current database research is how to query these tree-encoded databases. 
The de facto XML query language is XQuery and there are many XQuery implementations ranging from simple XQuery prototypes to complex implementations that are part of database systems that provide XML support. The common denominator of these XQuery implementations is the immaturity of the XML query optimizer. The query optimization techniques proved to be the foundation of success for the object/relational database systems. We believe that without a sound query optimization technique querying large XML databases will not be feasible. 
In this thesis we present query optimization techniques for XML databases. These query optimization techniques are based on an original query optimization paradigm that we call two-level query optimization and in the context of this paradigm we introduce two novel optimization strategies, namely holistic path summary pruning and access-order selection. Furthermore, we propose the usage of path summaries (a concise representation of an XML instance) in the query optimizer as system catalogs. The query optimization techniques that we propose are employed at the access method selection level. An access method is a query operator that accesses a data sources. In this thesis we present three access methods: ToXStream, which works on streamed documents, TwigStackScan and ToXinScan that employ path summaries. 
The soundness of the optimization techniques that we propose are verified through experiments on XML query benchmarks. The experimental results suggest that, when applicable, these optimization techniques induce performance improvements up to two orders of magnitude over the state-of-the-art.
Impedance spectroscopy of reactive polymers. 3. Correlations between dielectric, spectroscopic, and rheological properties during cure of a trifunctional epoxy resin (1996)

An investigation was carried out of correlations between dielectric, vibrational spectroscopic, and rheological properties during cure of a thermoset formulation composed of trifunctional epoxy resin and tetrafunctional amine. Experimental techniques utilized include impedance spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, steady shear, and dynamic mechanical measurements. Reaction kinetics obtained from dielectric and spectroscopic results were in excellent agreement. Gelation and vitrification times determined by dielectric and rheological measurements were also found to agree very well, despite the empirical nature of such correlations. A characteristic pattern in plots of imaginary impedance as a function of reaction time was reported for the first time in the open literature, and it was suggested that it could be used to identify gelation and vitrification during the network formation. A realization of the full potential of dielectric impedance spectroscopy in monitoring the progress of chemophysical changes in reactive polymers, however, hinges upon a development of fundamental scientific correlations between dielectric and chemorheological phenomena during cure.
Shape resonance determined from angular distribution in D2 (v = 2, j = 2) + He → D2 (v = 2, j = 0) + He cold scattering (2021)

We find an l = 2 shape resonance fingerprinted in the angular distribution of the cold (∼1 K) Δj = 2 rotationally inelastic collision of D<sub>2</sub> with He in a single supersonic expansion. The Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage is used to prepare D<sub>2</sub> in the (v = 2, j = 2) rovibrational level with control of the spatial distribution of the bond axis of the molecule by magnetic sublevel selection. We show that the rate of Δj = 2 D<sub>2</sub>-D<sub>2</sub> relaxation is nearly two orders of magnitude weaker than that of D<sub>2</sub>-He. This suggests that the strong D<sub>2</sub>-He scattering is caused by an orbiting resonance that is highly sensitive to the shape of the long-range potential.