gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platelet Activating Factor Receptor Activation Improves siRNA Uptake and RNAi Responses in Well-differentiated Airway Epithelia (2014)

Well-differentiated human airway epithelia present formidable barriers to efficient siRNA delivery. We previously reported that treatment of airway epithelia with specific small molecules improves oligonucleotide uptake and facilitates RNAi responses. Here, we exploited the platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) pathway, utilized by specific bacteria to transcytose into epithelia, as a trigger for internalization of Dicer-substrate siRNAs (DsiRNA). PAFR is a G-protein coupled receptor which can be engaged and activated by phosphorylcholine residues on the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and the teichoic acid of Streptococcus pneumoniae as well as by its natural ligand, platelet activating factor (PAF). When well-differentiated airway epithelia were simultaneously treated with either nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae LOS or PAF and transduced with DsiRNA formulated with the peptide transductin, we observed silencing of both endogenous and exogenous targets. PAF receptor antagonists prevented LOS or PAF-assisted DsiRNA silencing, demonstrating that ligand engagement of PAFR is essential for this process. Additionally, PAF-assisted DsiRNA transfection decreased CFTR protein expression and function and reduced exogenous viral protein levels and titer in human airway epithelia. Treatment with spiperone, a small molecule identified using the Connectivity map database to correlate gene expression changes in response to drug treatment with those associated with PAFR stimulation, also induced silencing. These results suggest that the signaling pathway activated by PAFR binding can be manipulated to facilitate siRNA entry and function in difficult to transfect well-differentiated airway epithelial cells.
Pathogenicity of In Vivo Generated Intestinal Th17 Lymphocytes is IFNγ Dependent (2018)

Intestinal Th17 cell pathogenicity is associated with IFNγ production, which directly affects intestinal permeability through the disruption of epithelial tight junctions.
Micromechanics-Based Durability Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Engineered Cementitious Composite (2004)

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Room‐Temperature Exceptional‐Point‐Driven Polariton Lasing from Perovskite Metasurface (2023)

Abstract Excitons in lead bromide perovskites exhibit high binding energy and high oscillator strength, allowing for a strong light‐matter coupling regime in the perovskite‐based cavities localizing photons at the nanoscale. This opens up the way for the realization of exciton‐polariton Bose–Einstein condensation and polariton lasing at room temperature – the inversion‐free low‐threshold stimulated emission. However, polariton lasing in perovskite planar photon cavities without Bragg mirrors has not yet been observed and proved experimentally. In this study, perovskite metasurface is employed, fabricated with nanoimprint lithography, supporting so‐called exceptional points to demonstrate the room‐temperature polariton lasing. The exceptional points in exciton‐polariton dispersion of the metasurface appear upon optically pumping in the nonlinear regime in the spectral vicinity of a symmetry‐protected bound state in the continuum providing high mode confinement with the enhanced local density of states beneficial for polariton condensation. The observed lasing emission possesses high directivity with a divergence angle of 1° over one axis. The employed nanoimprinting approach for solution‐processable large‐scale polariton lasers is compatible with various planar photonic platforms suitable for on‐chip integration.
Amplification Characteristics of a Multi-core Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier (2012)

A multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier with three cores was demonstrated. By utilizing MC-EDF with low cross-talk of −30dB, two 10-Gbit/s signals were simultaneously amplified with gain of 15dB and power penalty of less than 1dB.
Cleveland Clinic Cognitive Battery (C3B): Normative, Reliability, and Validation Studies of a Self-Administered Computerized Tool for Screening Cognitive Dysfunction in Primary Care (2023)

The C3B is a computerized cognitive screening tool that is reliable, validated, self-administered, and is conducive to integration into a busy primary care clinical workflow for detecting MCI, early Alzheimer's disease, and other related dementias.
Structure of the C-terminal Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domain of Fe65L1 Complexed with the Cytoplasmic Tail of Amyloid Precursor Protein Reveals a Novel Peptide Binding Mode (2008)

Fe65L1, a member of the Fe65 family, is an adaptor protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) through its C-terminal phosphotyrosine interaction/phosphotyrosine binding (PID/PTB) domain. In the present study, the solution structures of the C-terminal PID domain of mouse Fe65L1, alone and in complex with a 32-mer peptide (DAAVTPEERHLSKMQQNGYENPTYKFFEQMQN) derived from the cytoplasmic domain of APP, were determined using NMR spectroscopy. The C-terminal PID domain of Fe65L1 alone exhibits a canonical PID/PTB fold, whereas the complex structure reveals a novel mode of peptide binding. In the complex structure, the NPTY motif forms a type-I beta-turn, and the residues immediately N-terminal to the NPTY motif form an antiparallel beta-sheet with the beta5 strand of the PID domain, the binding mode typically observed in the PID/PTB.peptide complex. On the other hand, the N-terminal region of the peptide forms a 2.5-turn alpha-helix and interacts extensively with the C-terminal alpha-helix and the peripheral regions of the PID domain, representing a novel mode of peptide binding that has not been reported previously for the PID/PTB.peptide complex. The indispensability of the N-terminal region of the peptide for the high affinity of the PID-peptide interaction is consistent with NMR titration and isothermal calorimetry data. The extensive binding features of the PID domain of Fe65L1 with the cytoplasmic domain of APP provide a framework for further understanding of the function, trafficking, and processing of APP modulated by adapter proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia on Glucose Turnover during Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes (2018)

Exercise (E) induced increase in glucose uptake (Rd) is offset by compensatory increase in endogenous glucose production (EGP) in health. To determine the extent to which this occurs in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to assess the effects of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, we studied six T1D subjects (age 29±7 years, BMI 28.3±4.8 kg/m2, VO2 max 28.7±10 ml/kg/min) on three visits (V1: euglycemia, low insulin; V2: euglycemia, high insulin; V3: hyperglycemia, low insulin) in random order. Glucose fluxes were measured with tracer-tracee clamp using [6,6-2H2] glucose before, during and after, 60 min of E at 65% VO2 max. By design, plasma glucose concentrations were higher in V3 than V1 and V2 (9.7±0.5, 5.2±0.1, 5.2±.0.1 mM respectively, p&amp;lt;0.05), while plasma insulin concentrations were higher in V2 than V1 and V3 (324.3±19.4, 129.3±9.3, 111.6±5.9 pM, p&amp;lt;0.05). Rd increased with E in all visits (p&amp;lt;0.05) and returned to pre-E values thereafter. EGP during E increased (p&amp;lt;0.05) in V1 and to a lesser extent in V3, but was unchanged in V2. To summarize, hyperinsulinemia, but not hyperglycemia inhibits E induced compensatory increase in EGP; both hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia augments increase in Rd with E albeit to different extents; Rd returns to pre-E values when E stops. Taken together, euglycemia coupled with low insulin appear to be the most favorable milieu for T1D during E. Disclosure D. Romeres: None. A. Basu: Research Support; Spouse/Partner; AstraZeneca. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Advisory Panel; Self; Voluntis France. M. Schiavon: None. C. Cobelli: Research Support; Self; Sanofi-Aventis. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. C. Dalla Man: None. R. Basu: Research Support; Self; AstraZeneca.
The Closed Forn Solution to the Periodic Core-Conductor Model Using Asymptotic Analysis (1987)

The distribution of the transmembrane potential along an infinite strand of cardiac cells generated by a point source under steady-state conditions has been calculated using the asymptotic analysis method. With the intracellular conductivity changing periodically in space, the problem can be treated as dependent upon two variables: the large scale variable x covering the whole strand, and the small scale variable y defined on the unit cell. The solution is given as a two-scale expansion in powers of the period length. Each term of the expansion can be determined by solving the differential equations derived by decomposing the original problem. These equations do not have to be solved simultaneously; moreover, the linearity of the problem allows the separation of the x and y dependence in the higher order terms. The series converges quickly, and for all practical purposes, the solution containing zero-, first-, and second-order terms has a negligible truncation error. The subsequent terms of the solution have the following physiological interpretation: The zero-order term is the solution to the classical core-conductor model obtained by the homogenization of the periodic model, the first-order term acts as the dipole sources located at junctions, and finally, the second-order term resembles the monopole sources arising at junctions.
Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Fructooligosaccharides and Novel Maltosylfructosides by Inulosucrase from Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604 (2013)

The ability of an inulosucrase (IS) from Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604 to synthesize fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and maltosylfructosides (MFOS) in the presence of sucrose and sucrose-maltose mixtures was investigated after optimization of synthesis conditions, including enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and reaction time. The maximum formation of FOS, which consist of β-2,1-linked fructose to sucrose, was 45% (in weight with respect to the initial amount of sucrose) and was obtained after 24 h of reaction at 55°C in the presence of sucrose (300 g liter(-1)) and 1.6 U ml(-1) of IS-25 mM sodium acetate buffer-1 mM CaCl2 (pH 5.2). The production of MFOS was also studied as a function of the initial ratios of sucrose to maltose (10:50, 20:40, 30:30, and 40:20, expressed in g 100 ml(-1)). The highest yield in total MFOS was attained after 24 to 32 h of reaction time and ranged from 13% (10:50 sucrose/maltose) to 52% (30:30 sucrose/maltose) in weight with respect to the initial amount of maltose. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural characterization indicated that IS from L. gasseri specifically transferred fructose moieties of sucrose to either C-1 of the reducing end or C-6 of the nonreducing end of maltose. Thus, the trisaccharide erlose [α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-fructofuranoside] was the main synthesized MFOS followed by neo-erlose [β-d-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranose]. The formation of MFOS with a higher degree of polymerization was also demonstrated by the transfer of additional fructose residues to C-1 of either the β-2,1-linked fructose or the β-2,6-linked fructose to maltose, revealing the capacity of MFOS to serve as acceptors.
Enhanced electrogastrography: A realistic way to salvage a promise that was never kept? (2017)

Enhancing standard EGG by an ingestible, self-expanding and self-disintegrating pseudobesoar containing a miniature electronic oscillator can be an important avenue for clinical applicability of this test.
134 Evaluation of Alterations in Gene Expression in Normal and Diabetic Mice Resulting from Dermal Injury (2004)

C57Bl/6‐db/db mice are a model of delayed healing after full thickness dermal excision injury. We evaluated the differences in gene expression between C57Bl/6 mice and C57Bl/6‐db/db mice in uninjured skin and within a wound 7 days after injury and observed a number of differences resulting from the diabetic mutation. Cluster analysis indicated differences in genes involved in all structural organization and metabolism. There were 718 genes that had greater than 2 fold difference between these 2 strains of mice in granulation tissue at day 7. In normal and diabetic mice, 884 or 765 genes were altered 2 fold by injury (granulation tissue), respectively. When compared at the 4 fold level, the overlap of genes altered between normal and diabetic mice was approximately 68%. In granulation tissue, changes were observed in genes associated with inflammation, immune response, cell motility, and response to external stimuli. Normal mice had greater immune, stress, inflammatory, and biotic responses. Wounds of diabetic mice had increased responses in energy metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. These data provide a basis for further understanding of the response of skin to injury and the delay that occurs in insulin resistant Type 2 diabetes.
How Do Patients With Predominant Neck Pain Improve After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Cervical Radiculopathy? (2022)

Background: The presence of predominant pain in the arm vs the neck as a predictor of postoperative outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been seldom reported; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with predominant neck pain improve after surgery compared to patients with predominant arm pain or those with mixed symptoms in patients undergoing ACDF for radiculopathy.
Multipass comminution process to produce precision wood particles of uniform size and shape with disrupted grain structure from wood chips (2023)

A process of comminution of wood chips (C) having a grain direction to produce a mixture of wood particles (P), wherein the wood chips are characterized by an average length dimension (L.sub.C) as measured substantially parallel to the grain, an average width dimension (W.sub.C) as measured normal to L.sub.C and aligned cross grain, and an average height dimension (H.sub.C) as measured normal to W.sub.C and L.sub.C, and wherein the comminution process comprises the step of feeding the wood chips in a direction of travel substantially randomly to the grain direction one or more times through a counter rotating pair of intermeshing arrays of cutting discs (D) arrayed axially perpendicular to the direction of wood chip travel.
Fully 3D Implementation of the End-to-end Deep Image Prior-based PET Image Reconstruction Using Block Iterative Algorithm (2022)

Deep image prior (DIP) has recently attracted attention owing to its unsupervised positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction, which does not require any prior training dataset. In this paper, we present the first attempt to implement an end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction method that incorporates a forward-projection model into a loss function. To implement a practical fully 3D PET image reconstruction, which could not be performed due to a graphics processing unit memory limitation, we modify the DIP optimization to block-iteration and sequentially learn an ordered sequence of block sinograms. Furthermore, the relative difference penalty (RDP) term was added to the loss function to enhance the quantitative PET image accuracy. We evaluated our proposed method using Monte Carlo simulation with [$^{18}$F]FDG PET data of a human brain and a preclinical study on monkey brain [$^{18}$F]FDG PET data. The proposed method was compared with the maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (EM), maximum-a-posterior EM with RDP, and hybrid DIP-based PET reconstruction methods. The simulation results showed that the proposed method improved the PET image quality by reducing statistical noise and preserved a contrast of brain structures and inserted tumor compared with other algorithms. In the preclinical experiment, finer structures and better contrast recovery were obtained by the proposed method. This indicated that the proposed method can produce high-quality images without a prior training dataset. Thus, the proposed method is a key enabling technology for the straightforward and practical implementation of end-to-end DIP-based fully 3D PET image reconstruction.
First Implementation of Hydrajet Fracture Acidizing in Deepwater Offshore Brazil Fields (2005)

Abstract The placement of multiple fractures in horizontal, deviated wells is usually more difficult than placement in vertical wells. When completed with uncemented preperforated liners, such treatments become much more difficult and often are ineffective using conventional stimulation methods. When found in offshore locations, these wells present even more problems. Recently, in the shallow waters offshore Brazil, a relatively new hydrajetting technology was used with great success. However, additional complications arose when hydrajet fracturing was elected to stimulate a subsea well. This process requires dual high-pressure connections to the wellbore, including placement of a tubing string inside the full length of the well. Maintaining the hydrajet tool in position during each fracturing stage was a big issue in a floating rig. The need to pull tubing between stages of the stimulation process also poses a challenge. Because this operation occurred in a subsea well, it was the first such application ever attempted worldwide. Extremely detailed planning was essential to the ultimate success of the operation. This paper discusses the rigorous planning involved in implementing multistage hydrajet fracture acidizing in a subsea well offshore Brazil. During the operation, all challenges, mechanical or otherwise, were meticulously scrutinized, including the proper operation of the stimulation vessel and riser motion. This paper also presents post-treatment production results evaluated and compared to other stimulation attempts in offshore horizontal completions in the area.
Hydrogen-Bonded Tannic Acid-Based Anticancer Nanoparticle for Enhancement of Oral Chemotherapy (2018)

Oral chemotherapy has been emerging as a hopeful therapeutic regimen for the treatment of various cancers because of its high safety and convenience, lower costs, and high patient compliance. Currently, nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (NDDS) exhibit many unique advantages in mediating oral drug delivery; however, many anticancer drugs that were susceptible in hostile gastrointestinal (GI) environment showed poor permeability across intestinal epithelium, and most materials used as drug carriers are nonactive excipients and displayed no therapeutically relevant function, which leads to low oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs (e.g., paclitaxel). Inspired by these, in this study, paclitaxel (PTX) was used as a model drug, depending on intermolecular hydrogen-bonded interactions, PTX-loaded tannic acid/poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone) nanoparticles (PTX-NP) were produced by a flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) process. The optimized PTX-NP showed an average diameter of 54 nm with a drug encapsulation efficiency of 80% and loading capacity of 14.5%. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to illuminate the assembling mechanism of hydrogen-bonded PTX-NP. In vitro and in vivo results confirmed that PTX-NP showed pH-dependent intestinal site-specific drug release, P-gp inhibitory function by tannic acid (TA), prolonged intestinal retention, and improved trans-epithelial transport properties. Oral administration of PTX-NP generated a high oral delivery efficiency and relative oral bioavailability of 25.6% in rats, and further displayed a significant tumor-inhibition effect in a xenograft breast tumor model. These findings confirmed that our PTX-NP might be a promising oral drug formulation for chemotherapy.
Characterizing Denitrification Kinetics in Lab Scale Reactors for Longer Time Ethanol Dosage (2016)

Influence of external carbon dosage for balancing denitrification kinetics for heterotrophic organisms is necessary to understand the efficiency of biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long term effect of ethanol dosage on heterotrophs. Three experiments were performed for 38 hours with a single dose at 1.2 mgCOD/mgTSS of food to microorganism ratio. We observed that organisms needed at least 20 hours to acclimate to ethanol based on specific denitrification rate (SDNR) and carbon to nitrate (C/N) ratio. However, for multiple dosage of ethanol for 67 hours of contact time showed that SDNR increased by more than five times compared to single dosage. In this case, the C/N ratio and anoxic yield coefficient decreased as N2O emission increased during multiple times of ethanol addition. The maximum of 4.4% of N2O emission was observed at C/N ratio of 4.38 mgCOD/mgNO3-N. It was concluded that higher influent C/N ratio for longer time contact with biomass was responsible for producing N2O gases which inhibited the yield. Thus, the possibility of using optimal ethanol dose with specific feeding time is critical to estimate the correct carbon requirement for denitrification.
Peptide Probe for Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Electrophoretic Assessment of the Binding Interface and Evaluation of Surface Functionalization (2018)

Noncovalent interactions of peptides and proteins with carbon nanotubes play a key role in sensing, dispersion, and biocompatibility. Advances in these areas require that the forces which contribute to physical adsorption are understood in order that the carbon nanotubes present a degree of functionalization appropriate to the desired application. Affinity analyses of peptides are employed to evaluate the role of tryptophan and arginine residues in physical adsorption to carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Peptides containing arginine and tryptophan, WR(W) <sub>n</sub>, are used with affinity capillary electrophoresis to identify factors that lead to the formation of peptide-carbon nanotube complexes. The effects of changing the amino acid composition and residue length are evaluated by measuring dissociation constants. Electrostatic interactions contribute significantly to complexation, with the strongest interaction observed using the peptide WRWWWW and carboxylated carbon nanotube. Stronger interaction is observed when the tryptophan content is successively increased as follows: WR(W)<sub>4</sub> > WR(W)<sub>3</sub> > WR(W)<sub>2</sub> > WRW > WR. However, as observed with polytryptophan (W<sub>5</sub>, W<sub>4</sub>, W<sub>3</sub>, and W<sub>2</sub>), removing the arginine residue significantly reduces the interaction with carbon nanotubes. Increasing the arginine content to WRWWRW does not improve binding, whereas replacing the arginine residue in WRWWWW with lysine (WKWWWW) reveals that lysine also contributes to surface adsorption, but not as effectively as arginine. These observations are used to guide a search of the primary sequence of lysozyme to identify short regions in the peptide that contain a single cationic residue and two aromatic residues. One candidate peptide sequence (WMCLAKW) from this search is analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. The dissociation constant of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes is measured for the peptide, WMCLAKW, to demonstrate the utility of affinity capillary electrophoresis analysis.