gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF NOX IN OXYGEN RICH ENVIRONMENTS WITH PLASMA-ASSISTED CATALYSIS: CATALYST DEVELOPMENT AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES (2003)

The control of NOx (NO and NO2) emissions from so-called ''lean-burn'' vehicle engines remains a challenge. In recent years, there have been a number of reports that show that a plasma device combined with a catalyst can reduce as high as 90% or more of NOx in simulated diesel and other ''lean-burn'' exhaust. In the case of propylene containing simulated diesel exhaust, the beneficial role of a plasma treatment is now thought to be due to oxidation of NO to NO2, and the formation of partially oxidized hydrocarbons that are more active for the catalytic reduction of NO2 than propylene. Thus, the overall system can be most usefully described as hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (SCR) enhanced by 'reforming' the exhaust with a non-thermal plasma (NTP) device. For plasma-enhanced catalysis, both zeolite- and alumina-based materials have shown high activity, albeit in somewhat different temperature ranges, when preceded by an NTP reactor. This paper will briefly describe our research efforts aimed at optimizing the catalyst materials for NTP-catalysis devices based, in part, on our continuing studies of the NTP- and catalytic-reaction mechanisms. Various alkali- and alkaline earth-cation-exchanged Y zeolites have been prepared, their material properties characterized, and they have been tested as catalytic materials for NOx reduction in laboratory NTP-catalysis reactors. Interestingly, NO2 formed in the plasma and not subsequently removed over these catalysts, will back-convert to NO, albeit to varying extents depending upon the nature of the cation. Besides this comparative reactivity, we will also discuss selected synthesis strategies for enhancing the performance of these zeolite-based catalyst materials. A particularly important result from our mechanistic studies is the observation that aldehydes, formed during the plasma treatment of simulated diesel exhaust, are the important species for the reduction of NOx to N2. Indeed, acetaldehyde has been found to be especially effective in the thermal reduction of both NO and NO2 over Ba- and Na-Y zeolite catalysts.
Model of hollow cathode operation and life limiting mechanisms (2003)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is significantly more prevalent in obese patients. Nissen fundoplication alleviates symptoms in those refractory to dietary changes and optimal medical management. The need for concomitant treatment of GERD and obesity is becoming more prevalent. The objective of this study was to determine whether Nissen-preserving laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a safe and effective weight loss option for patients with pre-existing Nissen fundoplication. The study was conducted at the Hospital Corporation of America, Memorial Health, Savannah, Georgia, academic institution. We retrospectively reviewed five patients who underwent laparoscopic Nissen-preserving SG between 2011 and 2017. We compared pre- and postoperative subjective GERD symptoms, occurrence of any immediate postoperative complications, change in BMI, and excess weight loss. Of the five patients, four were female and one was male. The mean age was 50.6 years. The mean preoperative BMI was 44.8 ± 5.4, one-month postoperative BMI was 41.2 ± 6.1 (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and six-month postoperative BMI was 37.5 ± 8.1 (<i>P</i> < 0.009), with mean excess weight loss at six months of 33.9 ± 23 per cent. There were no immediate postoperative complications. Subjective GERD symptoms were unchanged in two patients and improved in the other three. We demonstrate the early feasibility of Nissen-preserving SG for surgical weight loss in patients with existing Nissen fundoplication. Although our results are early, we feel encouraged by mean excess weight loss to date and control of GERD symptoms.
Controllable Preparation of Ordered and Hierarchically Buckled Structures for Inflatable Tumor Ablation, Volumetric Strain Sensor, and Communication via Inflatable Antenna (2019)

Inflatable conducting devices providing improved properties and functionalities are needed for diverse applications. However, the difficult part in making high-performance inflatable devices is the enabling of two-dimensional (2D) buckles with controlled structures on inflatable catheters. Here, we report the fabrication of highly inflatable devices with controllable structures by wrapping the super-aligned carbon nanotube sheet (SACNS) on the pre-inflated catheter. The resulting structure exhibits unique 2D buckled structures including quasi-parallel buckles, crisscrossed buckles, and hierarchically buckled structures, which enables reversible structural changes of 7470% volumetric strain. The 2D SACNS buckled structures show stable electrical conductance and surface wettability during large strain inflation/deflation cycles. Inflatable devices including inflatable tumor ablation, capacitive volumetric strain sensor, and communication via inflatable radio frequency antenna based on these structures are demonstrated.
Dense and Highly Elastic Compressible MicroInterconnects (CMIs) for Electronic Microsystems (2017)

In this paper, dense, highly elastic compressible microinterconnects (CMIs) are presented as an enabling technology for next generation sockets, probe cards and heterogeneous integrated systems. Free-standing CMIs with 75 μm height are fabricated using a thick sacrificial photoresist layer with an upward curved sidewall profile. The CMIs show a 45 μm vertical elastic range of motion. The fabricated CMIs have an in-line pitch of 150 μm, mechanical compliance of 9.2 mm/N, and vertical elastic motion of up to 5,000 indentation cycles. The smallest in-line pitch of CMIs demonstrated is 40 μm. The average post-assembly resistance of the CMIs, including the contact resistance, was measured to be 176.3 mΩ.
A Novel Electroluminescent Metal Complex: Tris(4-phenanthridinolato)aluminum(III) (1997)

Abstract A yellow fluorescent aluminium complex (Alph3) having 4-phenanthridinolato ligands was synthesized and used as an emitter material in organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. The device structure of glass substrate / indium-tin oxide / tetraphenyldiamine derivative / Alph3 / Mg:Ag was employed. The EL device exhibited bright yellow light originating from Alph3 with a maximum luminance of 13000 cd/m2 at 11 volt.
Spectral-Encoding Design to Parallelize Sources in Near Infrared Tomography during Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Breast (2008)

A NIR diffuse tomography system with spectrally-encoded sources allows simultaneous detection of all data. It can provide images of high-contrast, fast changes in tissue optical properties to be overlayed on the magnetic resonance breast scan. Article not available.
EUV defect reduction activities using coater/developer and etching technique (2021)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography faces major challenges for smaller nodes due to the impact of stochastic and processing failures.<sup>1</sup> One of the main challenges for pitch shrink at these nodes is the optimization of the trade-off between break type defects versus bridge type defects as the process window between these defect modes gets smaller.<sup>2</sup> In this paper, we examine EUV defect reduction techniques for Chemically Amplified Resist (CAR) and Metal Oxide Resist (MOR) via coater/developer process development combined with optimized etching processes.
The HIV co-receptor CCR5 regulates osteoclast function (2017)

C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a co-receptor of HIV. Epidemiological findings suggest that the functional loss of CCR5 is correlated with a lower incidence of bone-destructive diseases as well as of HIV transmission. However, it is not clear whether CCR5 is involved in regulation of the function of bone cells, in addition to that of immune cells. Here we show that blockade of CCR5 using specific antibodies impairs human osteoclast function in vitro. Ccr5-deficient (Ccr5 <sup>-/-</sup> ) mice presented with dysfunctional osteoclasts and were resistant to osteoporosis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), which triggers osteoporosis independently of inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways. Furthermore, Ccr5 deficiency impairs the cellular locomotion and bone-resorption activity of osteoclasts, which is associated with the disarrangement of podosomes and adhesion complex molecules including Pyk2. Overall, the data provides evidence that CCR5 has an essential role in bone-destructive conditions through the functional regulation of osteoclasts.
Differential mode EMC input filter design for a three-phase buck-type unity power factor PWM rectifier (2004)

For a three-phase buck-type PWM rectifier input stage of a high-power telecommunications power supply module a differential mode EMC filter is designed which ensures compliance to EN 55022 class B. The design is based on a harmonic analysis of the converter input current and a mathematical model of the measurement procedure including the LISN and the test receiver. Guidelines for a successful filter design are given and components for a 5 kW prototype of the rectifier system are selected. There, the damping of filter resonance is optimized for given attenuation in order to facilitate a higher stability margin for the system control. Furthermore, the dependency of the filter input and output impedances and attenuation characteristic on the inner mains impedance is discussed. Finally, the theoretical considerations are verified by conducted emission measurements and the high quality sinusoidal shape of the resulting mains current is demonstrated.
HybridCell: Cellular connectivity on the fringes with demand-driven local cells (2016)

While cellular networks connect over 3.7 billion people worldwide, their availability and quality is not uniform across regions. Under-provisioned and overloaded networks lead to poor network performance and an aggravated user experience. To address this problem we propose HybridCell: a system that leverages locally-owned small-scale cellular networks to augment the operation of overloaded commercial networks. HybridCell is the first system to allow a user with their existing SIM card and mobile phone to seamlessly switch between commercial and local networks in order to maintain continuous connectivity. Hybrid-Cell accomplishes this by identifying poorly-performing networks and taking action to provide seamless cellular connectivity to end users. Using traces collected from observing the cellular infrastructure during our visit to the Za'atari refugee camp in Jordan, we demonstrate HybridCell's capability to detect and act upon commercial network overload, offering an alternate communication channel during times of congestion. We show that even in scenarios where provider networks deny calls due to overload, HybridCell is able to accommodate users and facilitate local calling.
High-throughput Optical Investigation into Intact Murine Brains (2018)

Coherent detection of scattered photon from complex biological systems has unique advantages. By controlling light scattering via tissue clearing, we developed a coherent imaging approach enabling label-free volumetric investigation of intact murine brains at high-throughput.
Wetting Behavior of Homopolymer Films on Chemically Similar Block Copolymer Surfaces (1994)

The wetting properties of thin polystyrene (PS) homopolymer films (polymerization index ${N}_{H}$) were studied on the surfaces of polyvinylpyridine-polystyrene (PVP-PS) block copolymer films (polymerization indices ${N}_{\mathrm{PS}}$ and ${N}_{\mathrm{PVP}}$) oriented into lamellae with the PS block present at the vacuum interface. Autodewetting was observed on the diblock copolymer surface when $\frac{{N}_{H}}{{N}_{\mathrm{PS}}}\ensuremath{\ge}5$, with a contact angle independent of ${N}_{H}$, but decreasing with N. The dewetting nucleated at the base of islands on the ordered PVP-PS surfaces. The dewetting processes were explained using mean field theories and Monte Carlo simulations.
Deep-Learning 18F-FDG Uptake Classification Enables Total Metabolic Tumor Volume Estimation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2020)

Total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV), calculated from <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT baseline studies, is a prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) whose measurement requires the segmentation of all malignant foci throughout the body. No consensus currently exists regarding the most accurate approach for such segmentation. Further, all methods still require extensive manual input from an experienced reader. We examined whether an artificial intelligence-based method could estimate TMTV with a comparable prognostic value to TMTV measured by experts. <b>Methods:</b> Baseline <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT scans of 301 DLBCL patients from the REMARC trial (NCT01122472) were retrospectively analyzed using a prototype software (PET Assisted Reporting System [PARS]). An automated whole-body high-uptake segmentation algorithm identified all 3-dimensional regions of interest (ROIs) with increased tracer uptake. The resulting ROIs were processed using a convolutional neural network trained on an independent cohort and classified as nonsuspicious or suspicious uptake. The PARS-based TMTV (TMTV<sub>PARS</sub>) was estimated as the sum of the volumes of ROIs classified as suspicious uptake. The reference TMTV (TMTV<sub>REF</sub>) was measured by 2 experienced readers using independent semiautomatic software. The TMTV<sub>PARS</sub> was compared with the TMTV<sub>REF</sub> in terms of prognostic value for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). <b>Results:</b> TMTV<sub>PARS</sub> was significantly correlated with the TMTV<sub>REF</sub> (ρ = 0.76; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Using PARS, an average of 24 regions per subject with increased tracer uptake was identified, and an average of 20 regions per subject was correctly identified as nonsuspicious or suspicious, yielding 85% classification accuracy, 80% sensitivity, and 88% specificity, compared with the TMTV<sub>REF</sub> region. Both TMTV results were predictive of PFS (hazard ratio, 2.3 and 2.6 for TMTV<sub>PARS</sub> and TMTV<sub>REF</sub>, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and OS (hazard ratio, 2.8 and 3.7 for TMTV<sub>PARS</sub> and TMTV<sub>REF</sub>, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> TMTV<sub>PARS</sub> was consistent with that obtained by experts and displayed a significant prognostic value for PFS and OS in DLBCL patients. Classification of high-uptake regions using deep learning for rapidly discarding physiologic uptake may considerably simplify TMTV estimation, reduce observer variability, and facilitate the use of TMTV as a predictive factor in DLBCL patients.
Uniform delivery of silicon nanoparticles on device quality substrates using spin coating from isopropyl alcohol colloids (2009)

Silicon nanoparticles, of predominately 2.9 nm in size, in isopropyl alcohol are spin coated directly on device quality silicon-dioxide layers across 150 mm substrates. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to image the nanoparticle distributions and low levels of agglomeration with apparently regular internanoparticle distances are observed. AFM depth profiling of the nanoparticle size is in agreement with independent high resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements. Hartree–Fock based atomistic simulations confirm the possible formation of Si nanoparticle/isopropanol complexes with a calculated electrostatic binding energy of 30 meV, which is slightly larger than the room temperature thermal agitation energy. The low levels of agglomeration can be explained in terms of such complexes that may regulate the internanoparticle and nanoparticle-solvent interactions.
Apparatus and method for maintaining an article at a temperature that is less than the temperature of the ambient air (2023)

An apparatus for maintaining the temperature of an article at a temperature that is below the ambient air temperature includes an enclosure having an outer wall that defines an interior chamber for holding a volume of sealed air. An insert is disposed inside of the chamber and has a body that is made of a porous graphite foam material. A vacuum pump penetrates the outer wall and fluidly connects the sealed air in the interior chamber with the ambient air outside of the enclosure. The temperatures of the insert and article is maintained at temperatures that are below the ambient air temperature when a volume of a liquid is wicked into the pores of the porous insert and the vacuum pump is activated to reduce the pressure of a volume of sealed air within the interior chamber to a pressure that is below the vapor pressure of the liquid.
Formation of the accumulation layer in polymer field-effect transistors (2003)

We present an experimental study of charge transfer in polymer thin-film field-effect devices. The rearrangement of the charge-carrier density in the transistor channel upon a gate-voltage swing has been monitored in real time and space by means of noncontact scanning potentiometry. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with a simple theory, in which the charging currents are assumed to be driven by drift in the self-induced electric field. The charge density exponentially approaches its final value with a time constant given by L2/μ|Vg|π2, where L is the characteristic device dimension, μ the field-effect mobility, and Vg the final gate voltage.
1,3-Cyclohexadiene hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium-containing catalytic system based on an MOF-5/calixarene composite (2011)

A palladium-containing material based on the new metal-organic framework structure MOF-5/20% calix[4]arene have been synthesized and characterized by physical and chemical methods for the first time. The catalytic activity of the 3% Pd/MOF-5/20% calix[4]arene composite in partial 1,3-cyclohexadiene hydrogenation into cyclohexene is fairly high and is comparable with that of the 5% Pd/C reference catalyst.
Rubber‐toughening of glass fiber‐epoxy filament wound composites (1991)

Abstract An attempt was made to improve the properties of filament wound glass fiber‐epoxy composites by addition of carboxyl‐terminated‐butadiene‐acrylonitrile (CTBN)‐rubber to the matrix. The interlaminar G Ic of unidirectional glass fiber‐epoxy increased significantly with CTBN addition whereas the flexural strength decreased. The weepage stress in hoop loading of ±50 degree angle‐ply pipes was higher for unmodified as compared with 10 phr CTBN‐modified epoxy matrix pipes. However, the strain at weepage and the stress and strain at nonlinearity were higher for the pipes based on toughened epoxy. The reason for the lower weepage stress is that, although the toughened matrix pipes show higher resistance to cracking, their stiffness is lower. The addition of small amounts of CTBN‐rubber (about 5 percent by weight is suggested) to the present epoxy matrix for filament winding can be done with only a minor increase in viscosity. This is a way of toughness enhancement for applications where the matrix stiffness reduction and increased moisture absorption are of minor importance.
Bidirectional DPSK transmission of 16 × 10-Gb/s DWDM channels over 80-km SMF-28 using semiconductor optical amplifiers (2005)

A constant-intensity modulation format such as differential phase-shift-keying is in principle immune to XGM-induced crosstalk in SOAs. We report the reduction of crosstalk in a bidirectional system and successfully realize 16 × 10-Gb/s DWDM signals transmission over 80-km SMF-28 using a DPSK modulation format for the first time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 46: 525–527, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21036
Understanding the mechanism and optimizing a competitive binding fluorescent glucose sensor (2011)

Our lab group is currently developing a fluorescent competitive binding assay between the Alexa fluor 647 labeled lectin, Concanavalin A, and highly structured glycosylated dendrimers to be sensitive to varying levels of glucose. Previously, this chemistry has elicited a high sensitivity to additions of physiological concentrations of glucose. However, the exact mechanism behind the sensing has not yet been well understood. This work presents a conceptual model of the response in which competitive binding results in different distributions of aggregates size to varying amounts of glucose. Preliminary experiments were performed by using Numerical Tracking Analysis (NTA) which correlates the movement of particles, positioned by light scattering, to the equivalent Brownian motion associated with particles of a certain spherical diameter. Using this method, the sensing chemistry was exposed to two different glucose concentrations and histograms of the size distribution for glucose concentrations were obtained. Herein the aggregation profile, mean aggregate size, and the number of aggregates (aggregates per mL) for two glucose concentrations are displayed, showing a correlation between the aggregation and glucose concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Regioselective Syntheses of Enantiopure Aminopyrrolidinones as Building Blocks for Constrained Peptidomimetics. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A SiGe Fractional-${ N}$ Frequency Synthesizer for mm-Wave Wideband FMCW Radar Transceivers (2016)

A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency synthesizer is presented focusing on an ultra-high-speed fractional- N frequency divider and a highly linear phase-frequency detector (PFD). All circuits are integrated into a high-frequency SiGe bipolar technology. The programmable frequency divider can be operated at input frequencies between dc and 57 GHz for division factors in the entire integer range from 12 to 259. The PFD is optimized for fractional- N synthesis, which requires an extremely linear characteristic due to the modulation of its input frequency. The frequency divider and the PFD are used together with an 80-GHz wideband voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and transceiver for a high precision mm-wave frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar sensor. As shown by the experimental results the realized circuits stabilize the mm-wave VCO with an extremely low phase noise below -97 dBc/Hz at 10-kHz offset around its center frequency of 80 GHz and can generate a highly linear frequency ramp with a bandwidth of 24 GHz. Furthermore, the accuracy of the synthesizer is demonstrated by FMCW radar distance measurements inside a waveguide and in free space. Inside the waveguide a standard deviation of the phase of the target below 0.0018 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> (which corresponds to 9.4 nm) was measured.