gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE ARCHITECTURE OF MARS (2005)

AB” MARS (MAintainable Real time System) is a distributed fault tolerant system for real time applications. The architecture consists of a set of selfchecking components which communicate by the exchange of state and event messages with an information validity time. All components of Mars have access to an approximate global time which is realized by a fault tolerant clock synchronization algorithm. This paper describes the architecture, the interprocess communication and the fault tolerance aspects of Mars. The final section reports about the experiences gained from a prototype implementation.
Photo-patternable liquid crystal actuators with high work output through optimization of molecular configuration (2006)

In light driven liquid crystal network (LCN) actuators, large performance improvements can be obtained by varying the molecular director through the thickness of the film actuator. Experiments show that these systems are efficient and have an internal work density of 50kJ/m3, orders of magnitude larger than that of the uniaxial planar film with the same chemical composition. The material is easy to process using standard photopatterning techniques and can be easily integrated in microsystems.
Improvement of efficiency in inverted bottom-emission white OLEDs by doping the hole transport layer (2011)

Recently, it is a critical issue to make larger display panels with low costs in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the uniformity and the cost of low temperature poly Si (LTPS) thin film transistors (TFTs) based backplanes for driving panels as well as the fine metal mask for pixel-patterning obstruct the realization of large-size OLED displays. To overcome these problems, using amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFTs which have high uniformity and cost-efficiency as the backplanes and white OLEDs (WOLEDs) which do not requiring any fine metal mask have been suggested previously. The inverted structure of OLEDs is much suitable rather than the conventional structure for a-Si TFTs because most a-Si TFTs have n-type channel. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient inverted bottom-emission WOLEDs by controlling the balance of electrons and holes injected from electrodes. The maximum external quantum efficiency (E.Q.E.) of inverted WOLEDs was increased from 6.4% to 8.6% (about 34% improvement). To the best of our knowledge, this value is the highest E.Q.E. without other optical light extraction techniques in inverted WOLEDs reported to date.
The IPv6 Flow Label within a LLN domain (2014)

This document presents how the Flow Label can be used inside a LLN
domain such as a RPL domain or an ISA100.11a D-subnet, and provides
updated rules for a domain Border Router to set and reset the Flow
Label when forwarding between inside the domain and the larger
Internet in both direction. Rules for routers inside the domain are
also provided.
Effect of antenna phasing and wall conditioning on ICRH in TEXTOR (1989)

Four new low field side antennae grouped in pairs have been installed on TEXTOR. It is found that the interaction with the wall (density rise, impurity generation) is significantly reduced when operating each pair out of phase ( pi ) as opposed to in phase (0). The beneficial effect in the pi configuration is obtained without drop in plasma loading. This experimental property is shown, from theory, to be explained by the judicious choice of the geometrical configuration. A further improvement in the wall interaction is made possible by an appropriate choice of wall conditioning (wall carbonization with liner at 400 degrees C or, above all, boronization). As a result record low values of Prad/Ptotal were achieved during ICRH. The large reduction in wall interaction during ICRH allows routine long pulse (>1 s) ICRH operation at the maximum power level available ( equivalent to 2.5 MW).
Ambiguity and Helping Behavior (1980)

(1980). Ambiguity and Helping Behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 112, No. 1, pp. 155-156.
Stabilization of factor VIII by poly(2‐oxazoline) hydrogels (2014)

Using a bis-functional monomer, poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogels were synthesized via cationic ring-opening polymerization and used to stabilize FVIII in aqueous solution. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Supplementary Information Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Resistant to or Pretreated With Both Anthracyclines and Taxanes (2006)

The combination gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin has moderate activity in anthracycline and taxanes resistant/relapsed heavily treated patients, mild toxicity and no administration sequence-dependent pharmacokinetic interactions.
Performance of a laser frequency comb calibration system with a high-resolution solar echelle spectrograph (2012)

Laser frequency combs (LFC) provide a direct link between the radio frequency (RF) and the optical frequency regime. The comb-like spectrum of an LFC is formed by exact equidistant laser modes, whose absolute optical frequencies are controlled by RF-references such as atomic clocks or GPS receivers. While nowadays LFCs are routinely used in metrological and spectroscopic fields, their application in astronomy was delayed until recently when systems became available with a mode spacing and wavelength coverage suitable for calibration of astronomical spectrographs. We developed a LFC based calibration system for the high-resolution echelle spectrograph at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT), located at the Teide observatory, Tenerife, Canary Islands. To characterize the calibration performance of the instrument, we use an all-fiber setup where sunlight and calibration light are fed to the spectrograph by the same single-mode fiber, eliminating systematic effects related to variable grating illumination.
Generation of OAM-carrying space-time wave packets with time-dependent beam radii using a coherent combination of multiple LG modes on multiple frequencies (2022)

Space-time (ST) wave packets, in which spatial and temporal characteristics are coupled, have gained attention due to their unique propagation characteristics, such as propagation invariance and tunable group velocity in addition to their potential ability to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM). Through experiment and simulation, we explore the generation of OAM-carrying ST wave packets, with the unique property of a time-dependent beam radius at various ranges of propagation distances. To achieve this, we synthesize multiple frequency comb lines, each assigned to a coherent combination of multiple Laguerre-Gaussian (LG<sub>ℓ,p</sub>) modes with the same azimuthal index but different radial indices. The time-dependent interference among the spatial modes at the different frequencies leads to the generation of the desired OAM-carrying ST wave packet with dynamically varying radii. The simulation results indicate that the dynamic range of beam radius oscillations increases with the number of modes and frequency lines. The simulated ST wave packet for OAM of orders +1 or +3 has an OAM purity of >95%. In addition, we experimentally generate and measure the OAM-carrying ST wave packets with time-dependent beam radii. In the experiment, several lines of a Kerr frequency comb are spatially modulated with the superposition of multiple LG modes and combined to generate such an ST wave packet. In the experiment, ST wave packets for OAM of orders +1 or +3 have an OAM purity of >64%. In simulation and experiment, OAM purity decreases and beam radius becomes larger over the propagation.
Biosynthesis of the nitrogenase active-site cofactor precursor NifB-co in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2019)

The radical <i>S</i>-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme NifB occupies a central and essential position in nitrogenase biogenesis. NifB catalyzes the formation of an [8Fe-9S-C] cluster, called NifB-co, which constitutes the core of the active-site cofactors for all 3 nitrogenase types. Here, we produce functional NifB in aerobically cultured <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Combinatorial pathway design was employed to construct 62 strains in which transcription units driving different expression levels of mitochondria-targeted <i>nif</i> genes (<i>nifUSXB</i> and <i>fdxN</i>) were integrated into the chromosome. Two combinatorial libraries totaling 0.7 Mb were constructed: An expression library of 6 partial clusters, including <i>nifUSX</i> and <i>fdxN</i>, and a library consisting of 28 different <i>nifB</i> genes mined from the Structure-Function Linkage Database and expressed at different levels according to a factorial design. We show that coexpression in yeast of the nitrogenase maturation proteins NifU, NifS, and FdxN from <i>Azotobacter vinelandii</i> with NifB from the archaea <i>Methanocaldococcus infernus</i> or <i>Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus</i> yields NifB proteins equipped with [Fe-S] clusters that, as purified, support in vitro formation of NifB-co. Proof of in vivo NifB-co formation was additionally obtained. NifX as purified from aerobically cultured <i>S. cerevisiae</i> coexpressing <i>M. thermautotrophicus</i> NifB with <i>A. vinelandii</i> NifU, NifS, and FdxN, and engineered yeast SAM synthase supported FeMo-co synthesis, indicative of NifX carrying in vivo-formed NifB-co. This study defines the minimal genetic determinants for the formation of the key precursor in the nitrogenase cofactor biosynthetic pathway in a eukaryotic organism.
Finding Organization in Randomness: Using Statistics to Explore the Underlying Organizational Character of Intracellular Geometry (2012)

Intracellular organization - organization of organelles and other compartments inside cell-organization is a complex - and the processes that control it are poorly understood. The research contained within this document is an approach to making this problem more tractable - development of statistical methods to compare changes in intracellular organization between populations of cells.Further, this work is both experimental and theoretical. The organization of the chloroplast micronucleoids was examined within populations (&amp;gt;1000 cells each) of four strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Two wild type strains (cc124, cc125) and two cell geometry mutant strains (asq2, bld10) were examined with this method. As well, Monte Carlo simulations of organization were conducted utilizing the same parameters as the real cells. Two-dimensional images of objects were segmented to identify individual objects, and the locations of internal points of interest were recorded. This method can discriminate organizational mutants from wild type statistically - correctly identifying the known organizational mutants bld10 and asq2 as being significantly different from wild type. As well simulations indicate that the method is broadly sensitive to differences in the type and strength of organization within cells. Looking forward to the future, the sorts of quantitative approaches developed in this paper could well be used to determine what genes are involved in intracellular organization.
In Vivo Localization of Insulin Binding to Cells of the Rat Pancreas (1984)

The uptake of 125I-insulin by rat pancreas was studied in vivo. Following fixation and light microscope autoradiography, saturable uptake of 125I-insulin was quantitatively demonstrated on acinar and duct cells but not on blood vessels and islets of Langerhans. Electron microscopy revealed the localization of 125I-insulin to the basolateral cell membranes of acinar and duct cells.
An Interactive Approach to Visual Data Abstration for Declarative Visual Programming Languages (1993)

Visual data abstraction is the concept of data abstraction for visual languages. In this paper, the notion of visual data abstraction for declarative visual languages is explored. First, we discuss how the requirements of data abstraction for visual languages differ from the requirements for traditional textual languages. We then present a declarative approach to visual data abstraction in the language Forms/3. Within the context of this system, issues of particular importance to declarative visual languages are examined. These issues include enforcing information hiding through visual techniques, supporting abstraction while preserving concreteness and immediate feedback, conceptual simplicity, dealing with polymorphism, and specification of a type''s appearance and interactive behavior as part of its definition. Interactive behavior is seen to be part of the larger problem of event-handling in a declarative language. The approach to events supports system-level, interactive, and user-defined events, while still maintaining the property of referential transparency. A significant feature is that all programming and execution are done in a fully-integrated visual manner, without requiring other languages or tools for any partr of the programming process.
A single-amino-acid mutation at position 225 in hemagglutinin attenuates H5N6 influenza virus in mice (2021)

The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses are widely circulating in poultry and wild birds, and have caused 38 human infections including 21 deaths; however, the key genetic determinants of the pathogenicity of these viruses have yet to be fully investigated. Here, we characterized two H5N6 avian influenza viruses - A/duck/Guangdong/S1330/2016 (GD/330) and A/environment/Fujian/S1160/2016 (FJ/160) - that have similar viral genomes but differ markedly in their lethality in mice. GD/330 is highly pathogenic with a 50% mouse lethal dose (MLD<sub>50</sub>) of 2.5 log<sub>10</sub> 50% egg infectious doses (EID<sub>50</sub>), whereas FJ/160 exhibits low pathogenicity with an MLD<sub>50</sub> of 7.4 log<sub>10</sub> EID<sub>50</sub>. We explored the molecular basis for the difference in virulence between these two viruses. By using reverse genetics, we created a series of reassortants and mutants in the GD/330 background and assessed their virulence in mice. We found that the HA gene of FJ/160 substantially attenuated the virulence of GD/330 and that the mutation of glycine (G) to tryptophan (W) at position 225 (H3 numbering) in HA played a key role in this function. We further found that the amino acid mutation G225W in HA decreased the acid and thermal stability and increased the pH of HA activation, thereby attenuating the H5N6 virus in mice. Our study thus identifies a novel molecular determinant in the HA protein and provides a new target for the development of live attenuated vaccines and antiviral drugs against H5 influenza viruses.
PowerSail: The Challenges of Large, Planar, Surface Structures for Space Applications (2003)

Deployable surface structures, a subset of gossamer structures, are a near-term solution for producing large- area surfaces in orbit. These surfaces have a variety of applications, high stowed packing efficiency, and mass properties that increase flexibility in the overall system design. ABLE Engineering's SquareRigger, a major component of the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) PowerSail program, is the first modular, large- scale, planar deployable surface structure intended for space applications. In developing and studying the basic module of this class of structure, a number of new challenges have arisen in ground testing and modeling. These challenges have led to changes in the modeling and testing procedures, resulting in an approach that closely ties finite element modeling with ground testing of modules and components. The approach is intended to generate increasingly accurate simulations of on- orbit behavior of surface structures unable to be completely tested on the ground.
Extracellular Calcium Is Involved in the Mechanism of Differentiation of Mouse Myeloid Leukemia Cells (Ml) Induced by 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1984)

We have reported that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3] suppresses proliferation and induces differentiation of murine myeloid leukemia cells (M1) into macrophages. In the current study, M1 cells were cultured either with 2.0 or 0.15 mM total calcium to examine the effect of calcium on the process of differentiation induced by the vitamin. The 0.15 mM calcium medium greatly enhanced 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3]-induced inhibition of cell growth and suppression of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Addition of Verapamil, a calcium antagonist, to the 2.0 mM calcium medium also elicited similar responses. The absolute number of cells with phagocytic activity induced by 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 was almost identical in media containing either concentration of calcium, and in cultures with or without Verapamil. Culture in the 0.15 mM calcium medium or addition of Verapamil to the 2.0 mM calcium medium did not suppress cell growth nor induce phagocytic activity in the absence of the vitamin. To confirm the preferential effect of calcium on cell growth, M1 cells were pretreated for 3 days with 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 in either the 2.0 or 0.15 mM calcium medium. Then the pretreated cells were washed and subcultured in the absence of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 in either medium. The growth rate was inhibited much more effectively in the subculture with 0.15 mM calcium than with 2.0 mM calcium. These results suggest that the M1 cells' increased requirement of extracellular calcium, caused by the treatment with 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3, is closely related to cell growth rather than differentiation.
Rearrangement of Homoallylic Alcohols Induced by DAST. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of orally administered cannabinoids in MS (2003)

The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, twofold crossover study in 16 patients with MS who presented with severe spasticity to investigate safety, tolerability, and efficacy of oral Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabis sativa plant extract. Both drugs were safe, but adverse events were more common with plant-extract treatment. Compared with placebo, neither THC nor plant-extract treatment reduced spasticity. Both THC and plant-extract treatment worsened the participant's global impression.
HMGB1-driven Feedforward Hepatocyte Necroptosis Circuit in Lethal Acetaminophen-induced liver injury (2015)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Video Application in Multimedia Systems and Computer Networks (1996)

The areas of television, telecommunication, and information technology are converging, new application areas are arising, and new services are being established. Aside from the traditional delivery channels, computer networks play an increasing role in providing the new services. An important part of these services is based on video. However, in order to develop and establish such services, the differences between traditional video and multimedia applications as well as the requirements, limitations, and possibilities for an integrational use of both have to be understood. This paper presents a classification scheme together with a requirements analysis regarding communication channels, interaction mechanisms, quality, and parameter settings for a useful development of new computer-based multimedia applications. The discussion concerning requirements and applications for multimedia systems leads to the definition of high-definition multimedia.
Convergence of proximal gradient algorithm in the presence of adjoint mismatch * (2021)

Abstract We consider the proximal gradient algorithm for solving penalized least-squares minimization problems arising in data science. This first-order algorithm is attractive due to its flexibility and minimal memory requirements allowing to tackle large-scale minimization problems involving non-smooth penalties. However, for problems such as x-ray computed tomography, the applicability of the algorithm is dominated by the cost of applying the forward linear operator and its adjoint at each iteration. In practice, the adjoint operator is thus often replaced by an alternative operator with the aim to reduce the overall computation burden and potentially improve conditioning issues. In this paper, we propose to analyze the effect of such an adjoint mismatch on the convergence of the proximal gradient algorithm in an infinite-dimensional setting, thus generalizing the existing results on PGA. We derive conditions on the step-size and on the gradient of the smooth part of the objective function under which convergence of the algorithm to a fixed point is guaranteed. We also derive bounds on the error between this point and the solution to the original minimization problem. We illustrate our theoretical findings with two image reconstruction tasks in computed tomography.
An Ethylenamine Inhibitor Binds Tightly to Both Wild Type and Mutant HIV-1 Proteases. Structure and Energy Study (2003)

An X-ray structure (resolution 2.2 A) of mutant HIV-1 protease (A71V, V82T, I84V) complexed with a newly developed peptidomimetic inhibitor with an ethylenamine isostere Boc-Phe-Psi[CH(2)CH(2)NH]-Phe-Glu-Phe-NH(2), denoted as OE, is described and compared with the complex of wild-type HIV-1 protease with the same inhibitor (resolution 2.5 A). OE shows tight binding to the wild type (K(i) = 1.5 nM) as well as mutant (K(i) = 4.1 nM) protease. The hydrogen bonds formed, in the case of hydroxyethylamine inhibitors, by a hydroxyl group are, in the case of OE inhibitors, replaced by a bifurcated hydrogen bond from the isosteric NH group to both catalytic aspartates Asp 25 and Asp 125. The binding modes of OE inhibitor to the wild type and mutant protease are similar. However, in the mutant protease, weaker van der Waals interactions of the mutated residues Val 84 and Val 184 with OE were found. This lack of interaction energy is compensated by a new aromatic hydrogen bond between the phenyl ring of the inhibitor in position P1 and the mutated residue Thr 182. Energy analysis based on molecular mechanics has been performed to distinguish between the static and dynamic backgrounds of disorder observed at the mutation sites Thr 82, Val 84, Thr 182, and Val 184.
A guide to simulation of hysteretic gate delays based on physical understanding [SOI logic] (2002)

Studies of floating body effects in SOI transistors and circuits have been widely reported. Nevertheless, in part because of the complexities of the device physics and the inaccuracies of numerical simulations, there is still need for a physical understanding of the floating body effect to guide a circuit designer in evaluation of the resulting hysteretic gate delay. This paper describes the dynamics of the floating-body effect in terms familiar to the circuit designer (voltages, capacitive coupling, and diode currents) and proposes a methodology for specification of body voltages for bounding circuit delay. This methodology is developed for inverters and can be extended to complex gates. A basis for detecting inaccuracies in SPICE simulations is included. Data showing the effect of drain-to-body capacitance on hysteretic behaviour is presented.