gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-principal elemental intermetallic nanoparticles synthesized via a disorder-to-order transition (2022)

Nanoscale multi-principal element intermetallics (MPEIs) may provide a broad and tunable compositional space of active, high-surface area materials with potential applications such as catalysis and magnetics. However, MPEI nanoparticles are challenging to fabricate because of the tendency of the particles to grow/agglomerate or phase-separated during annealing. Here, we demonstrate a disorder-to-order phase transition approach that enables the synthesis of ultrasmall (4 to 5 nm) and stable MPEI nanoparticles (up to eight elements). We apply just 5 min of Joule heating to promote the phase transition of the nanoparticles into L1<sub>0</sub> intermetallic structure, which is then preserved by rapidly cooling. This disorder-to-order transition results in phase-stable nanoscale MPEIs with compositions (e.g., PtPdAuFeCoNiCuSn), which have not been previously attained by traditional synthetic methods. This synthesis strategy offers a new paradigm for developing previously unexplored MPEI nanoparticles by accessing a nanoscale-size regime and novel compositions with potentially broad applications.
Production of Sweet Table Wine by Termination of Alcohol Fermentation Using an Antimicrobial Substance from Paprika Seed (2003)

Sweet table wine was produced by a combination of fermentation using free or immobilized yeast cells and termination of the fermentation using an antimicrobial substance that was extracted with 50% aqueous ethanol solution from paprika seeds, followed by fractionation with octadecylsilyl gel. The paprika seed antimicrobial substance (PSAS) obtained exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against wine yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> W-3 (minimum inhibitory concentration = approximately 16 mg/L). Alcohol fermentation could be terminated immediately after the addition of PSAS to give a concentration of 100 mg/ L to the fermenting must whenever desired (at any ethanol concentration of fermenting must). The number of free viable yeast cells in the must gradually decreased during storage after the addition of PSAS. Regardless of whether free or immobilized yeast cells were used as biocatalyst, free viable yeast cells of approximately 10 cfu/mL were counted on day 4 after the addition of PSAS, and no viable cells were detected on day 7.
A high performance 90nm SOI technology with 0.992 μm/sup 2/ 6T-SRAM cell (2003)

This paper presents a high performance 90 nm generation SOI CMOS logic technology. Leveraging unique SOI technology features, aggressive ground rules and a tungsten local interconnect rendered the smallest 6T SRAM cell reported to date with a cell area of 0.992 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. In the front-end of line (FEOL), the implementation of super-halo design concepts on SOI substrates with a silicon thickness of 45 nm and an ultra-thin heavily nitrided gate dielectric resulted in highest performance devices. The backend of the line (BEOL) for this technology consists of damascene local interconnect followed by up to 10 levels of hierarchical Cu metallization. It utilizes SiLK/spl trade/ low-K dielectric material with a multilayer hard mask stack.
Tutorial on Online User Engagement (2020)

User engagement plays a central role in companies operating online services, such as search engines, news portals, e-commerce sites, entertainment services, and social networks. A main challenge is to leverage collected knowledge about the daily online behavior of millions of users to understand what engages them short-term and more importantly long-term. Two critical steps of improving user engagement are metrics and their optimization. The most common way that engagement is measured is through various online metrics, acting as proxy measures of user engagement. This tutorial will review these metrics, their advantages and drawbacks, and their appropriateness to various types of online services. Once metrics are defined, how to optimize them will become the key issue. We will survey methodologies including machine learning models and experimental designs that are utilized to optimize these metrics via direct or indirect ways. As case studies, we will focus on four types of services, news, search, entertainment, and e-commerce.
Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia using CIGB-300, a clinical-stage CK2-specific cell-permeable peptide inhibitor (2013)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable malignancy, urging for the identification of new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. CLL cells rely on overexpression and hyperactivation of the ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase CK2 for their viability in vitro. CIGB-300 is a cell-permeable selective CK2 inhibitor peptide undergoing clinical trials for several cancers. Here, we show that CIGB-300 promotes activation of the tumor suppressor PTEN and abrogates PI3K-mediated downstream signaling in CLL cells. In accordance, CIGB-300 decreases the viability and proliferation of CLL cell lines, promotes apoptosis of primary leukemia cells and displays antitumor efficacy in a xenograft mouse model of human CLL. Our studies provide pre-clinical support for the testing and possible inclusion of CK2 inhibitors in the clinical arsenal against CLL.
Supplemental Figure S3 from Endothelial ALK1 Is a Therapeutic Target to Block Metastatic Dissemination of Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relating ACVRL1 to prototypical endothelial gene expression makes the association with risk of distant disease coherent across treatment groups.&lt;/p&gt;
Hydrogen Absorption Behavior and Absorbed Hydrogen Trapping Sites in Rolling Contact Fatigue (2020)

Hydrogen absorption behavior and microstructural change of carburized JIS SCr420 steels containing different amounts of retained austenite in rolling contact fatigue were investigated. The thermal desorption analysis confirmed hydrogen desorption at the second-peak between 423 and 623 K after rolling contact fatigue. The hydrogen concentration at the second-peak increased with number of cycles in the rolling contact. This increment was larger when using the steel with higher amount of retained austenite before the fatigue test. It was still large even when the amount of martensitic transformation from retained austenite under cyclic stress to introduce dislocation with trapping capacity was small. The activation energies of desorption for the second-peak hydrogen were calculated to be 50.6 kJ·mol−1 for the steel with 10.4% retained austenite and 55.8 kJ·mol−1 for the steel with 4.9% retained austenite. The activation energies of cathodically charged 0.8%C steels with 10.9% and 6.0% retained austenite, simulating carburized layer before the test, were 36.2 and 42.2 kJ·mol−1, respectively. This means that the activation energy of hydrogen desorption increased during rolling contact. The absorbed hydrogen during the rolling contact fatigue was likely trapped in more stable trapping sites related to the retained austenite which were formed under cyclic stress.
Characterization of human thymic dendritic cells in culture. (1986)

Cells with dendritic shape, the so-called dendritic cells (DCs), have been described in many tissues. In order to characterize one DCs population, normal human thymus specimens were obtained from children undergoing cardiovascular surgery. These specimens were either put in culture or fixed for in situ ultrastructural, immunocytochemical and cytochemical studies. In culture, DCs could be differentiated from other non-lymphoid cell populations. They presented long, fine processes and an irregular nucleus. Like interdigitating cells (IDCs) in situ, their cytoplasm contained many free ribosomes and mitochondria, and a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. They showed a variable number of tubulovesicular structures and membrane-bound dark homogeneous granules. They never displayed phagolysosomes, tonofilaments or desmosomes. They were Ia+, ATPase+, S-100 protein+, vimentin+, esterase-, lysozyme-, and cytokeratin- cells. Macrophages were easily identified by their numerous lysosomes and large phagolysosomes. They were esterase+, lysozyme+, vimentin+, ATPase +/-, S-100 protein- and cytokeratin-. Although they were Ia+, membrane labelling was not as important as on DC's membrane. In situ, S-100 protein-positive cells had a dendritic shape and were located mainly in medullary regions and at the cortico-medullary border. The staining was diffused both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Lysozyme-positive cells were randomly distributed in the cortex, the medulla and the connective septa. They were round cells and the staining was intracytoplasmic. These observations demonstrate that DCs can be isolated in human thymic cultures, and they suggest that these cells correspond to IDCs in situ. They also provide evidence to suggest that DCs and macrophages are two distinct cellular populations.
Preferential expression of the systemic lupus erythematosus-associated idiotype 8.12 in sera containing monoclonal immunoglobulins. (1987)

The 8.12 idiotype defines a population of anti-DNA antibodies present in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. As part of our studies to elucidate the genetic origin and structural features of anti-DNA antibodies, we examined monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing sera from 706 patients for expression of the 8.12 idiotype. We found 41 such sera to have significant 8.12 reactivity (greater than 4 SD above the mean of normal controls) and demonstrated that in 24 of these sera (8 IgM, 14 IgG, and 2 IgA) this reactivity could be localized to the monoclonal protein. In addition, 12 of the 8.12-reactive monoclonal Ig (11 IgG and 1 IgA) bind dsDNA. In the other 17 sera, the 8.12 reactivity could be attributed to polyclonal antibody. These findings provide further evidence that the serum monoclonal Ig frequently express the antigenic and idiotypic reactivities of autoantibodies. Furthermore, these data support the contention that anti-DNA specificity may result from somatic diversification of germ-line Ig gene sequences.
Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma (2013)

With the combination of high spatial resolution and signal specificity, targeted photoacoustic imaging holds great promise as a noninvasive method for early diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinomas.
Fabrication and Analysis of a Dammann Grating for Coupling Fiber Lasers (2015)

Laser-excited surface acoustic wave (LSAW) techniques can realize the measurement of surface properties through dispersion curve inversion. In addition to the conventional phase spectrum method, time-frequency analysis can also be used as a calculation tool for the dispersion curve. An accurate time-frequency analysis method is important in precisely inverting the surface properties. In this paper, synchrosqueezing transform (SST) is applied to the analysis of LSAW. By comparing the processing results of the constructed LSAW signal, SST shows higher time-frequency resolution and robustness than other common time-frequency analysis algorithms. Finite element model is used to simulate the propagation of LSAW in the film/substrate structure. And SST is used to calculate the dispersion curve of SAW information extracted during the simulation. A fast algorithm is introduced, where the film thickness is initially estimated by calculating the midrange. Through inversion, the resulting film thickness error is only 1.20% from the theoretical value. Therefore, SST is an effective tool for analyzing LSAW and calculating its dispersion curve.
On-board processing for satellite-terrestrial integration (2018)

Flexibility in satellites is one of the major requirements to make use of them in the 5G environment. A key method to achieve this goal is on-board processing. Satellites have become more and more flexible in recent days, started by the development years ago with the development of digital transparent processors to gain flexibility in frequency and channel allocation. First, this chapter gives a brief history of on-board processers (OBPs) followed by a classification of OBPs. For illustration, the current design of the Fraunhofer OBP (FOBP) is described followed by an exemplary 5G use case for OBP using low-earth orbiting (LEO) satellites. The chapter closes with a short summary.
Cobalt Ferrite Bearing Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Layers Spatially Separated with Microporous Carbon as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst (2016)

The present work discloses how high-quality dispersion of fine particles of cobalt ferrite (CF) could be attained on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (CF/N-rGO) and how this material in association with a microporous carbon phase could deliver significantly enhanced activity toward electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Our study indicates that the microporous carbon phase plays a critical role in spatially separating the layers of CF/N-rGO and in creating a favorable atmosphere to ensure the seamless distribution of the reactants to the active sites located on CF/N-rGO. In terms of the ORR current density, the heat-treated hybrid catalyst at 150 °C (CF/N-rGO-150) is found to be clearly outperforming (7.4 ± 0.5 mA/cm(2)) the state-of-the-art 20 wt % Pt-supported carbon catalyst (PtC) (5.4 ± 0.5 mA/cm(2)). The mass activity and stability of CF-N-rGO-150 are distinctly superior to PtC even after 5000 electrochemical cycles. As a realistic system level exploration of the catalyst, testing of a primary zinc-air battery could be demonstrated using CF/N-rGO-150 as the cathode catalyst. The battery is giving a galvanostatic discharge time of 15 h at a discharge current density of 20 mA/cm(2) and a specific capacity of ∼630 mAh g(-1) in 6 M KOH by using a Zn foil as the anode. Distinctly, the battery performance of this system is found to be superior to that of PtC in less concentrated KOH solution as the electrolyte.
Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigens: an Update (2014)

This chapter provides an introduction to bacterial superantigen (SAg) and presents the current understanding of disease association and causation by SAgs, with the intent of identifying needed future research studies of SAgs. Bacterial SAgs include those produced by ß-hemolytic streptococci (including Streptococcus pyogenes), Streptococcus aureus and Streptococcus intermedius, Mycoplasma arthritidis, and certain species of Yersinia. In the chapter the authors consider only T-cell SAgs; definitions listed may be easily adapted to define B-cell SAgs. The pyrogenic toxin SAgs include the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), which are known to cause emesis when administered orally to monkeys, and thus are the causes of staphylococcal food poisoning. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs) (erythrogenic toxins, scarlet fever toxins) now include the classic SPEs A and C, but also serotypes G, H, I, J, K, L, M, streptococcal superantigen (SSA), and streptococcal mitogenic exotoxin Zn (SMEZ). The last aspect of the author's presentation of new horizons for SAg research is based on the premise that human diseases caused by SAgs begin with their interaction with epithelial cells. Both group A streptococci and S. aureus cause infections that begin on skin and mucous membranes and, most of these organisms make SAgs. Clearly, additional studies are necessary to clarify all aspects of the interaction with mucosal and skin surfaces. These studies are likely to more fully define the extent of SAg involvement in human illnesses, and at the same time characterize the mechanism of SAg penetration of these surfaces.
Skew-tolerant domino circuits (1997)

Domino circuits are widely used in high-performance CMOS microprocessors. However, textbook domino pipelines suffer significant timing overhead from clock skew, latch delay, and the inability to borrow time. To eliminate this overhead, some designers provide multiple overlapping clock phases such that domino gates are always ready for evaluation by the time critical inputs arrive and do not precharge until the next gate consumes the result. This paper describes a systematic framework, called skew-tolerant domino circuits, for understanding and analyzing domino circuits with overlapping clocks. Simulations confirm that a speedup of 25% or more can be achieved over textbook domino circuits in high-speed systems.
Evaluation of a New Method for Assessing Symptoms (2001)

We conclude that telephone scoring of symptoms is a reliable and adequate method when symptom scoring is used as hard data in a study.
Modeling and Simulation of Nanoscale Surface Rippling during Plasma Etching of Si under Oblique Ion Incidence (2012)

A three-dimensional atomic-scale cellular model (ASCeM-3D) has been developed to reproduce the evolution of feature profiles on atomic or nanometer scale during plasma etching. Emphasis was placed on the evolution of nanoscale surface features and roughness during Si etching in Cl2 plasmas, with further attention being given to that of ripple structures on etched surfaces. Simulations were carried out for different ion incident angles from θi = 0 to 85°, with an ion incident energy Ei = 100 eV, flux Γi0 = 1.0 ×1016 cm-2 s-1, and neutral-to-ion flux ratio Γn0/Γi0 = 100, which are typical in high-density plasma etching environments. Numerical results indicated that as the angle θi is increased, nanoscale concavo-convex features drastically change and ripple structures occur on etched surfaces. For θi = 0° or normal ion incidence, the surfaces are randomly roughened. For increased θi = 30–45° or oblique ion incidence, the ripples are formed perpendicular to the direction of ion incidence, while they are parallel to the direction of ion incidence for further increased θi = 75–80°. Analysis of ion trajectories implied that the ion reflection and concentration on microscopically roughened surfaces largely affect the surface roughening and rippling during plasma etching. These numerical approaches would become important to predict the nanoscale surface features and roughness, especially the line edge roughness (LER) formed on feature sidewalls, because experiments of oblique incidence of ions on surfaces are difficult in plasma environments.
Combined Denoising and Suppression of Transient Artifacts in Arterial Spin LabelingMRIUsing Deep Learning (2020)

3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
Modelling of plastic deformation and recrystallization of polycrystals using digital microstructures and adaptive meshing techniques (2010)

International audience
Towards an Analytical, Computational and Experimental Framework for Predicting Aging of Cathodic Surfaces (2017)

The present work introduces the motivation, architecture and preliminary analytical and computational framework that will eventually lead to aging predictions of cathodic surfaces along with its implications on impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems. This is necessary for adjusting ICCP systems in a manner that reflects the dissipative nature of cathodic surface assemblies while at the same time enabling potential electric far field requirements. We describe various approaches for developing Cathodic Surface Aging Models (CSAMs) based on both data-driven and first principles based methodologies. A computational ICCP framework is implemented to account for cathodic aging in a manner that allows the utilization of various CSAMs. An application of this framework demonstrates the applicability of the implications of the variability of the polarization curves as it is associated with cathodic surface aging. In addition to a data-driven CSAM based on a loft-surface approximation we also introduce a first principles thermodynamic theory for aging and the design of a systematic experimental task for validating and calibrating this theory.
Role of Antiproliferative B Cell Translocation Gene-1 as an Apoptotic Sensitizer in Activation-Induced Cell Death of Brain Microglia (2003)

Mouse brain microglial cells undergo apoptosis on exposure to inflammatory stimuli, which is considered as an autoregulatory mechanism to control their own activation. Here, we present evidence that an antiproliferative B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) constitutes a novel apoptotic pathway of LPS/IFN-gamma-activated microglia. The expression of BTG1 was synergistically enhanced by LPS and IFN-gamma in BV-2 mouse microglial cells as well as in primary microglia cultures. Levels of BTG1 expression inversely correlated with a proliferative capacity of the microglial cells. Tetracycline-based conditional expression of BTG1 not only suppressed microglial proliferation but also increased the sensitivity of microglial cells to NO-induced apoptosis, suggesting a novel mechanism of cooperation between LPS and IFN-gamma in the induction of microglial apoptosis. An increase in BTG1 expression, however, did not affect microglial production of NO, TNF-alpha, or IL-1beta, indicating that the antiproliferative BTG1 is important in the activation-induced apoptosis of microglia, but not in the activation itself. The synergistic action of LPS and IFN-gamma in the microglial BTG1 induction and apoptosis was dependent on the Janus kinase/STAT1 pathway, but not IFN-regulatory factor-1, as demonstrated by a pharmacological inhibitor of Janus kinase (AG490), STAT1 dominant negative mutant, and IFN-regulatory factor-1-deficient mice. Taken together, antiproliferative BTG1 may participate in the activation-induced cell death of microglia by lowering the threshold for apoptosis; BTG1 increases the sensitivity of microglia to apoptogenic action of autocrine cytotoxic mediator, NO. Our results point out an important link between the proliferative state of microglia and their sensitivity to apoptogenic agents.
Localization of growth hormone‐release‐inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) in the rat brain (1975)

Abstract Utilizing an immunoperoxidase technique at the light microscope level, growth hormone‐release‐inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) was localized in the external zone of the median eminence, the subcommissural organ, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminal is and the pineal gland. No positive reaction was detected in any other brain area.
Enhancement of gettering in epitaxial thin-film silicon solar cells by tuning the properties of porous silicon (2013)

In epitaxial silicon solar cells grown on low-cost substrates, an embedded porous silicon layer is used to block metal diffusion from the substrate into the epitaxial active layer. The gettering efficiency of porous silicon can be enhanced by reducing the pore radius. In the size range (27.2 nm–39.8 nm) investigated, the additional curvature of the 27.2 nm void leads to >200 meV improvement in the binding energy for both copper and nickel, enhancing the gettering efficiency by >10 times. This is due to the existence of specific binding sites which allows greater dangling bond passivation in smaller voids.