gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Plasma CD9-Positive Exosomes in HIV Seronegative and Seropositive Lung Cancer Patients (2021)

Recently, the role of exosomes in the progression of both cancer and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) has been described. This study investigates the clinical significance of CD9-positive plasma exosomes in lung cancer patients, healthy individuals, and HIV-positive patients with or without lung cancer. Using a verified with transmission electron microscopy double-sandwich ELISA technique, plasma-derived exosomes were isolated and quantified from 210 lung cancer patients (including 44 metastatic patients with progressive disease after chemotherapy), 49 healthy controls, 20 patients with pulmonary granulomas, 19 HIV+ patients with lung cancer, 31 HIV+ patients without cancer, and 3 HIV+ patients with pulmonary granulomas. Plasma exosome concentrations differed between healthy controls, patients with immunocompetent pulmonary granulomas and patients with lung cancer even after chemotherapy (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Lung cancer patients after chemotherapy had lower exosome concentrations compared to patients with untreated lung cancer or granuloma (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for both). HIV+ patients without lung cancer had significantly higher exosome concentrations compared to HIV+ patients with lung cancer (<i>p</i> = 0.016). Although exosome concentrations differed between all different lung cancer histologies and healthy controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all histologies), adjusted statistical significance was oµy retained for patients with granulomas and SCLC (Small-cell lung cancer, <i>p</i> < 0.001). HIV-induced immunodeficient patients with or without lung cancer had lower plasma exosomes compared to immunocompetent granuloma and lung cancer patients (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Finally, higher plasma exosomes were associated both on univariate (<i>p</i> = 0.044), and multivariate analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.040) with a better 3-year survival in stage II and III NSCLC (Non-small-cell lung carcinoma) patients. In conclusion, our study shows that CD9-positive plasma exosomes are associated with both lung cancer and HIV, prior chemotherapy, as well as with survival, suggesting a possible prognostic value.
Optical and electron beam lithography for electroless copper multilevel metallization (1992)

Copper fine lines made by electroless deposition are investigated for multilevel metallization in ultra-large-scale integration technology. The results are presented using positive patterning, i.e., depositing copper on patterned areas by electroless deposition. Two techniques have been developed: (a) a nonplanar technique that produces 100 nm wide copper lines standing over an interlevel dielectric (ILD); and (b) a fully planar method that produces 0.5 μm copper lines buried in an ILD. Both electron beam and optical lithography processes were developed and are described for the nonplanar process. First, a single layer exposure by e-beam is described and second, a portable conformal mask (PCM) process with double exposure, the first by i-line stepper and the second by deep ultraviolet flood exposure. For the fully planar process, the PCM process was modified to produce a capped PCM process. By using two resists of different etch selectivity, an overhang structure was produced which prevented the base metal from being deposited on the sidewalls of the oxide trench. A trilayer resist structure and a single layer structure with isotropic overetch were also developed. Scanning electron microscope pictures of submicron lines are presented followed by a discussion of the problems and highlights of the individual processes.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL AND ELECTRONIC SPIN STATE TUNING OF THE METAL CENTER IN THE NICKEL(II) TROPOCORONANDS (1985)

Abstract Die Beziehung zwischen den Strukturen und den elektronischen Spinzuständen der Ni‐Komplexe (I) und (II) wird anhand von Röntgendiffraktions‐ und magnetischen Untersuchungen diskutiert.
A Generalist Agent (2022)

Inspired by progress in large-scale language modeling, we apply a similar approach towards building a single generalist agent beyond the realm of text outputs. The agent, which we refer to as Gato, works as a multi-modal, multi-task, multi-embodiment generalist policy. The same network with the same weights can play Atari, caption images, chat, stack blocks with a real robot arm and much more, deciding based on its context whether to output text, joint torques, button presses, or other tokens. In this report we describe the model and the data, and document the current capabilities of Gato.
Editorial: Primum Nihil Nocere - A Basic Principle in Adhesive Dentistry. (2017)

status: Published
HER2 amplification as a negative predictive biomarker for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. (2016)

3517 Background: HER2 amplification (HERamp), seen in 5% of KRAS wildtype (WT) metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC), is associated with resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies (antiEGFRabs). The purpose of this study was to validate the predictive impact of HERamp in mCRC. Methods: We performed systematic analyses of RAS and BRAF WT mCRC patients (pts) across 2 distinct cohorts. We tested HERamp in cohort 1 (N = 97) using immunohistochemistry and dual in-situ hybridization (HERamp: HER2/CEP17 ≥ 2.2). We validated these findings in cohort 2 (N = 99), which comprised of 37 cases of HERamp mCRC pts identified by next-generation sequencing (HERamp: ≥ 4 copies) and 62 HER2 non-amplified (HER2NA) pts treated previously with antiEGFRabs who served as controls. The primary objective was to compare progression-free survival (PFS) in pts treated with antiEGFRabs. PFS and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan Meier method and compared using log rank test. Results: HERamp was seen in 14 (14 %) of RAS/BRAF WT pts in cohort 1. In this cohort, median OS (29.1 v 45.1 months (m), P = 0.78) and PFS on first line therapy without an antiEGFRab (PFS1) (9.7 v 8.4 m, P = 0.70) was similar between HERamp and HER2NA pts. A total of 66 pts in cohort 1 received antiEGFRab after first line therapy. Median PFS on antiEGFRab therapy (PFS2) was significantly shorter in pts with HERamp compared to HER2NA tumors (2.9 v 8.1 m, hazard ratio (HR) 5.0, P < 0.0001). These findings were confirmed in cohort 2, in which 69 pts received antiEGFRab after first line therapy and median PFS2 was significantly shorter for HERamp pts compared to HER2NA pts (2.8 v 9.3 m, HR 6.6, P < 0.0001) with a similar OS (P = 0.86) and PFS1 (P = 0.62). Conclusions: HER2 amplification in mCRC is a predictive biomarker for lack of efficacy of antiEGFRab therapy. This magnitude of effect is comparable to RAS mutations; the only other validated predictive biomarker for antiEGFRabs, and affects 1 in 8 patients currently receiving these agents. Patients with RAS/RAF WT mCRC should be screened for HER2 amplification prior to treatment with antiEGFRabs and should be considered for early referral to clinical trials.
High Quality Pentacene Film Formation on N-Doped LaB<sub>6</sub> Donor Layer (2016)

In this research, we have investigated the deposition condition of pentacene film on nitrogen doped (N-doped) LaB6 donor layer for larger grain growth at the channel region for bottom-contact type pentacene-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) to improve the device characteristics. Source and drain bottom-contacts of Al were patterned and 2nm-thick N-doped LaB6 donor layer was deposited on the SiO2/Si(100) back-gate structure. The dendritic grain growth of pentacene larger than 10µm without lamellar grain growth was demonstrated when the deposition temperature and rate were 100°C and 0.5nm/min, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the dendritic grain growth was realized at the boundary region of bottom-contact as well as channel region.
A Study of Scalable Image Coding for Digital Video Disk. (1995)

MPEG2をベースにしたディジタルビデオディスクの画像符号化方式として, 良好な早送り再生が可能な階層符号化の検討をシミュレーションにより行った.本稿では提案方式の検討の概要と良好な早送りの実現を可能としたデータ処理手法について述べる.
High Throughput Cryo-Electron Tomography: Towards Molecular Architecture of Spirochetal Flagellar Motor in situ (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Lack of beta-arrestin signaling in the absence of active G proteins (2018)

G protein-independent, arrestin-dependent signaling is a paradigm that broadens the signaling scope of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) beyond G proteins for numerous biological processes. However, arrestin signaling in the collective absence of functional G proteins has never been demonstrated. Here we achieve a state of "zero functional G" at the cellular level using HEK293 cells depleted by CRISPR/Cas9 technology of the Gs/q/12 families of Gα proteins, along with pertussis toxin-mediated inactivation of Gi/o. Together with HEK293 cells lacking β-arrestins ("zero arrestin"), we systematically dissect G protein- from arrestin-driven signaling outcomes for a broad set of GPCRs. We use biochemical, biophysical, label-free whole-cell biosensing and ERK phosphorylation to identify four salient features for all receptors at "zero functional G": arrestin recruitment and internalization, but-unexpectedly-complete failure to activate ERK and whole-cell responses. These findings change our understanding of how GPCRs function and in particular of how they activate ERK1/2.
Lowering the Operating Temperature of Gold Acetylene Hydrochlorination Catalysts Using Oxidized Carbon Supports (2022)

The commercialization of gold for acetylene hydrochlorination represents a major scientific landmark. The development of second-generation gold catalysts continues with a focus on derivatives and drop-in replacements with higher activity and stability. Here, we show the influence that the support surface oxygen has on the activity of carbon supported gold catalysts. Variation in the surface oxygen content of carbon is achieved through careful modification of the Hummers chemical oxidation method prior to the deposition of gold. All oxidized carbon-based catalysts resulted in a marked increase in activity at 200 °C when compared to the standard nontreated carbon, with an optimum oxygen content of ca. 18 at % being observed. Increasing oxygen and relative concentration of C–O functionality yields catalysts with light-off temperatures 30–50 °C below the standard catalyst. This understanding opens a promising avenue to produce high activity acetylene hydrochlorination catalysts that can operate at lower temperatures.
Quasirandom Sequences in Branching Random Walks * (2004)

We consider the Neumann boundary-value problem for a nonlinear Helmholtz equation. Using Green's formula, the problem can be converted into solving a nonlinear integral equation with a polynomial nonlinearity. This equation can be solved numerically using a Monte Carlo method based on “branching random walks” occurring on specially defined domains, with the parameters of the branching process depending on the coefficients of the integral equation. In this paper, we study the properties of this method when using quasirandom instead of pseudorandom numbers to construct the branching random walks. Theoretical estimates of the convergence rate have been investigated, and numerical experiments with a model problem were also performed.
Asymmetry in alkoxyfluorophosphoranes (1975)

The apical fluorine atoms are shown to be convenient, sensitive n.m.r. probes for investigating the stereochemistry of alkoxyfluorophosphoranes of types (I)–(IV) having 1, 2, or 3 identical or different fastrotating asymmetric alkyl or alkoxy groups.
1284: Single Institution Clinical Trial of Muscle-Derived Cell Injection to Treat Stress Urinary Incontinence (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 23, 2006, 1:00 - 4:00 pm1 Apr 20061284: Single Institution Clinical Trial of Muscle-Derived Cell Injection to Treat Stress Urinary Incontinence Lesley K. Carr, Deborah Steele, Shannon Steele, David Wagner, Ryan Pruchnic, Ronald J. Jankowski, Janet Erickson, Fernando De Miguel, Naoki Yoshimura, Johnny Huard, and Michael B. Chancellor Lesley K. CarrLesley K. Carr More articles by this author , Deborah SteeleDeborah Steele More articles by this author , Shannon SteeleShannon Steele More articles by this author , David WagnerDavid Wagner More articles by this author , Ryan PruchnicRyan Pruchnic More articles by this author , Ronald J. JankowskiRonald J. Jankowski More articles by this author , Janet EricksonJanet Erickson More articles by this author , Fernando De MiguelFernando De Miguel More articles by this author , Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author , Johnny HuardJohnny Huard More articles by this author , and Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33497-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1284: Single Institution Clinical Trial of Muscle-Derived Cell Injection to Treat Stress Urinary Incontinence." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 414 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 414 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Lesley K. Carr More articles by this author Deborah Steele More articles by this author Shannon Steele More articles by this author David Wagner More articles by this author Ryan Pruchnic More articles by this author Ronald J. Jankowski More articles by this author Janet Erickson More articles by this author Fernando De Miguel More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Johnny Huard More articles by this author Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Measurements of the transient response of single-bubble sonoluminescence subject to an abrupt change in the drive pressure amplitude (1997)

A novel method utilizing abrupt drive pressure amplitude changes is described for exploring the dynamics of single-bubble sonoluminescence. Air bubbles that are initially below the luminescence threshold are subject to an abrupt increase in the drive pressure amplitude. The resulting turn-on time for light emission is qualitatively similar to nitrogen bubbles, except that over time scales of seconds, the light intensity of an air bubble increases [B. P. Barber et al., ‘‘Sensitivity of sonoluminescence to experimental parameters,’’ Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 1380 (1994)], while the intensity from a nitrogen bubble remains low. However, when we begin with a stable sonoluminescing air bubble above the luminescence threshold, and then generate an abrupt decrease in the pressure amplitude below the threshold (no light regime), followed again by an abrupt increase back to its original (sonoluminescing) state, the resulting turn-on time for light emission appears qualitatively similar to noble gas bubbles: sudden, and relatively intense, unlike what occurs for air bubbles that were initially below the luminescence threshold. These measurements imply that sonoluminescence from an air bubble depends on the time the bubble spends in the sonoluminescing state. [Research supported by NSF.]
Dielectric properties of nonaqueous drilling fluids from 1 MHz up to 20 GHz (2014)

Measuring the water volume and the rock textural information downhole in wells with a logging tool requires an accurate knowledge of the dielectric properties of the borehole fluid. A small error on these properties can generate significant misinterpretation of the data, especially in the presence of resistive oil-based mud (OBM) or synthetic-based mud (SBM), both of which are also called nonaqueous drilling fluid (NAF). A model predicting the complex permittivity of NAF as a function of its density and the oil/water (O/W) ratio was developed in the 1970s, but since then, the NAF compositions have changed, which modified their dielectric properties. To revisit this model, a measurements campaign was launched in July 2012 to characterize the dielectric properties of NAF. NAF that results from an emulsion of water in oil consists of many components such as emulsifiers, salt, lime, weighting material, and surfactants. Different NAF formulations were prepared and the interactions between key parameters such as the O/W ratio (90/10 to 60/40) and density (9 to 15 lbm/gal) were evaluated using a central composite design (CCD).The complex permittivities of the selected NAF compositions were measured using two set-ups covering a wide frequency range, from 1 MHz up to 20 GHz. A statistical analysis of the measurements shows that the complex permittivity of NAF depends on two main influences: brine volumetric fraction and weighting material volumetric fraction. These two parameters can respectively be expressed as a function of the O/W ratio and density. The surface quadratic model responses developed during this study are validated by measuring the complex permittivities of different NAF samples from the field.
Novel Contact-Plug Process with Low-Resistance Nucleation Layer Using Diborane-Reduction Tungsten Atomic-Layer-Deposition Method for 32 nm Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Devices and Beyond (2008)

The effect of employing diborane (B2H6) instead of silane (SiH4) in a tungsten (W) atomic layer deposition (ALD) nucleation layer on contact resistance is studied. A low resistance of 50–70 Ω in a 32-nm-node contact with a diameter of about 50 nm is achieved with optimized barrier and nucleation processes. This result indicates that the resistance required for 32 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) devices can successfully be satisfied without employing a copper plug process. It is revealed that a W film with a B2H6-reduced nucleation layer has a larger grain size and a lower fluorine concentration in nucleation W and barrier metal layers, resulting in a lower resistivity than that with a SiH4-reduced nucleation W layer. On the other hand, the B2H6-reduced nucleation process still shows a poorer crystallization and a higher fluorine concentration in the filling W layer than the SiH4-reduced nucleation process. We revealed that a further decrease in the resistivity of a W film with the B2H6 nucleation process is achieved by improving these issues.
LEARNING TO FIGHT (2004)

We apply reinforcement learning to the problem of finding good policies for a fighting agent in a commercial computer game. The learning agent is trained using the SARSA algorithm for on-policy learning of an action-value function represented by linear and neural network function approximators. We discuss the selection and construction of features, actions, and rewards as well as other design choices necessary to integrate the learning process into the game. The learning agent is trained against the built-in AI of the game with different rewards encouraging aggressive or defensive behaviour. We show that the learning agent finds interesting (and partly near optimal) policies in accordance with the reward functions provided. We also discuss the particular challenges arising in the application of reinforcement learning to the domain of computer games.
Non-Peptidic HIV Protease Inhibitors (2004)

The past decade has seen many exciting achievements and advances in the treatment of HIV infection. One of the key components in this ever-evolving remedial strategy has been medicinally efficacious enzymatic inhibitors targeting the essential viral aspartyl protease. While the use of currently approved HIV protease inhibitors in concert with drugs that target the reverse transcriptase has dramatically ameliorated the disease state for many individuals, highly-structured dosing regimens accompanied by adverse side-effect profiles have led to a significant level of patient non-compliance. In addition, the development of and selection for resistant mutants have limited the long-term therapeutic outlook of the current protease inhibitors. The need for complementary agents in this salutary class addressing these challenges and opportunities is vividly clear. To this end, much attention and focus has been placed on cyclic, non-peptidic protease inhibitors, exemplified by dihydropyrones and ureas, and their possible future role in this medicinal campaign. The strategies to their design as well as their biological, pharmacokinetic and resistance profiles, and their clinical application will be discussed.
nuts-flow/ml: data pre-processing for deep learning (2017)

Data preprocessing is a fundamental part of any machine learning application and frequently the most time-consuming aspect when developing a machine learning solution. Preprocessing for deep learning is characterized by pipelines that lazily load data and perform data transformation, augmentation, batching and logging. Many of these functions are common across applications but require different arrangements for training, testing or inference. Here we introduce a novel software framework named nuts-flow/ml that encapsulates common preprocessing operations as components, which can be flexibly arranged to rapidly construct efficient preprocessing pipelines for deep learning.
Fluorescent Imprinted Nanoparticles for Sensing of Chlorogenic Acid in Coffee Extracts (2022)

Green coffee beans are particularly rich in chlorogenic acids (CGAs), and their identification and quantification are usually performed by HPLC, coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Although there are a few examples of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) recognition present in the literature, none of them are based on optical fluorescence, which is very interesting given its great sensitivity. In the present manuscript, fluorescent polymeric imprinted nanoparticles were synthetized following the non-covalent approach using hydrogenated 5-<i>O</i>-caffeoylquinic acid (H-5-CQA) as the template. The capability of the polymer to bind 5-CQA was evaluated by HPLC and fluorescence. A real sample of coffee extract was also analyzed to verify the selectivity of the polymer. Polymer fMIP01, containing 4-vinylpyridine and a naphtalimide derivative as monomers, showed a good response to the fluorescence quenching in the range 39 μM-80 mM. In the real sample, fMIP01 was able to selectively bind 5-CQA, while caffeine was not recognized. To demonstrate this, there is a promising system that can be exploited in the design of an optical sensor for 5-CQA detection. Polymer fMIP01 was immobilized by physical entrapment on a functionalized glass surface, showing a quenching of fluorescence with an increase of the CGA concentration between 156 μM and 40 mM.
Effects of Modified Solution Heat Treatment on δ- Phase and Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Inconel 718 Alloy (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.