gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Biosignatures by Geomatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (GALDI) Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Abstract Identification of mineral-associated biosignatures is of significance for retrieving biochemical information from geological records here on Earth and for detecting signs of life on other planets, such as Mars. An investigation using laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry was conducted to determine whether geomatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (GALDI) can be used to detect amino acids (e.g., histidine, threonine, and cysteine) and small proteins (e.g., gramicidin S) associated with mineral phases and whether the geomatrix impacts detection. Iron oxide (Fe2 O 3 ) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were investigated as clean chemical analogues of hematite and halite, respectively, which have both been detected on the surface of Mars. Samples were prepared by 2 methods: (1) application of analyte solution to the geomatrix surface with subsequent drying; and (2) physical mixing of analyte and geomatrix. Amino acids incorporated within NaCl by physical mixing yielded a better signal-to-noise ratio than those that were applied to the surface of a NaCl pellet. The composition of the geomatrix had an influence on the detection of biomolecules. Peaks corresponding to the cation-attached biomolecular ions were observed for the NaCl prepared samples. However, no biomolecular ion species were observed in samples using Fe 2 O 3 as geomatrix. Instead, only minor peaks that may correspond to ions derived from fragments of the biomolecules were obtained. Keywords: biosignaturegeomatrixhematiteevaporiteamino acidGALDIlaser desorptionmass spectrometryFTMS Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge support by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Astrobiology Program. Research was performed at the Idaho National Laboratory under DOE/NE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517.
Interferon alfa2a induction therapy in combination with ribavirin and amantadine for the treatment of naive patients with chronic HCV infection (2004)

Pilot studies have suggested that the addition of amantadine to interferon (IFN) is effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Furthermore, IFN induction therapy seems to improve virological response rates. In this open, randomized, multicentre trial we compared safety and efficacy of a triple therapy comprising IFN alpha 2a, ribavirin and amantadine using high induction doses (6 MU IFN alpha daily for the first 6 weeks) against a therapy with standard IFN alpha dosages over the entire treatment period plus amantadine and ribavirin. A total of 158 naive patients with chronic HCV infection were randomized 1:1. Group A (n = 81): induction therapy with 6 MU IFN alpha daily for 6 weeks, followed by 6 MU three times a week (tiw) for 18 weeks and then 3 MU tiw until week 48. Group B (n = 77): standard therapy with 6 MU IFN alpha tiw for 24 weeks, followed by 3 MU until week 48. All patients received oral ribavirin (10 mg/kg/day) and amantadine (200 mg/day). The triple therapy was safe and well tolerated. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to biochemical response rates. Groups A and B did not differ in virological response rates at the end of treatment (33%vs 35%) or at the end of the 6 month follow up period (37%vs 39%). We could not detect favourable effects on sustained virological response rates using induction therapy, in either genotype 1 or non-1 infected patients. In summary, induction therapy with 6 MU IFN alpha daily did not result in increased overall response rates compared with standard IFN alpha dosages of 6 MU tiw.
Characterization of bombesin binding sites in the rat stomach (1997)

We characterized the bombesin receptor population in the rat stomach and determined the receptor subtype mediating the contractile effect of bombesin in the gastric fundus. Using in vitro receptor autoradiography, we evaluated the ability of the specific gastrin-releasing peptide-preferring receptor antagonist [D-F5,Phe6,D-Ala11]bombesin-(6-13) methyl ester to inhibit binding of 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin to the gastric fundus, corpus and antrum. Binding to these regions was completely inhibited by [D-F5,Phe6,D-Ala11]bombesin-(6-13) methyl ester suggesting that these receptors are the gastrin-releasing peptide-preferring subtype. We found that the rank order of potency for the contractile effect of bombesin, and the related mammalian peptides neuromedin C and neuromedin B, was bombesin > neuromedin C > neuromedin B. [D-F5,Phe6,D-Ala11]bombesin-(6-13) methyl ester was equipotent in antagonizing contractions produced by all three peptides. Furthermore, receptor tachyphylaxis to either neuromedin C or neuromedin B abolished the subsequent contractile response elicited by neuromedin C and neuromedin B, suggesting that one bombesin receptor subtype mediates rat gastric fundal contractions. Together, these results demonstrate that the bombesin receptor subtype in the rat stomach is gastrin-releasing peptide-preferring subtype and that this subtype is responsible for the effects of bombesin-like peptides on fundal smooth muscle contraction.
A 25 mu m/sup 2/ bulk full CMOS SRAM cell technology with fully overlapping contacts (2002)

The authors describe a 25.2 mu m/sup 2/ bulk full CMOS SRAM cell for application in high-density static memories fabricated in a 14-mask process using minimum dimensions of 0.5 mu m at a comparatively relaxed 1.2 mu m pitch. A very aggressive n/sup +//p/sup +/ spacing and a fully overlapping contact technology are the key elements used to achieve a competitive cell area. The functionality of the cell was shown on a 1 kb test memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dose-Escalated, Intratumoral TLR9 Agonist and Low-Dose Radiation Induce Abscopal Effects in Follicular Lymphoma (2014)

Abstract Abscopal effects, systemic tumor regression following localized therapy, are induced by radiation therapy and augmented with intratumoral immunostimulation. Based on a preclinical lymphoma model, we previously investigated low-dose immunostimulation with a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist in combination with fractionated, low-dose radiation therapy in relapsed/refractory NHL (NCT00185965) and Mycosis Fungoides (NCT00226993). In an attempt to improve the potency of the immune responses and the rate of clinical responses, the dose of CpG was increased 3-fold and enrollment broadened to include treatment-naive as well as relapsed/refractory low-grade lymphoma (NCT00880581). We treated 15 treatment-naive patients and 15 relapsed/refractory patients with follicular lymphoma using low-dose radiotherapy to a single tumor site followed by 18mg of the C-G enriched, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) TLR9 agonist, PF-3512676 injected at the same site, with injections repeated 10 times weekly. Clinical responses were assessed at distant, untreated tumor sites. Immune responses were evaluated by measuring T-cell activation after in vitro re-stimulation with autologous tumor cells. The in situ vaccination with escalated-dose CpG was well tolerated with 16 cases of grade 1 to 2 local or systemic reactions including 2 cases of possibly-related autoimmune disease and no treatment-limiting adverse events. Among treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory patients, four and three patients, respectively, had partial responses with median duration of response of 29 and 12 weeks, respectively. Two and four patients, respectively, had stable disease of duration greater than one year with median time to best clinical benefit among patients with a response or stable disease of 31 and 12 weeks. The range of time to best response was broad, from 10 to 184 weeks (see Figure). Median progression-free survival was similar among treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory patients, at 41 and 35 weeks, respectively, and median overall survival was not reached in either cohort with median follow-up of 2.6 and 3.5 years. Importantly, in response to in situ vaccination, all patients made tumor-specific immune responses within 2 to 4 weeks post-vaccination with the most informative markers being the activation marker CD278 (ICOS) for CD4 T cell response among the CD45RO+ memory subset, and perforin and granzyme B for CD8 T cell responses. Based on the anti-lymphoma activity observed we have recently initiated two Phase I/II dose-escalation trials of a second-generation TLR9 agonist and radiation therapy in relapsed/refractory low-grade NHL and relapsed NHL post-allogeneic transplant (NCT01745354). Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Advani: Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Other, Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Takeda International Pharmaceuticals Co.: Research Funding.
Discovery of Biomarkers Predictive of GSI Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (2014)

NOTCH1 mutations, immunohistochemical staining for activated NOTCH1, and HES4 expression are biomarkers that can be used to identify solid tumors that are likely to respond to GSI-based therapies.
Tie1 deletion inhibits tumor growth and improves angiopoietin antagonist therapy (2014)

The endothelial Tie1 receptor is ligand-less, but interacts with the Tie2 receptor for angiopoietins (Angpt). Angpt2 is expressed in tumor blood vessels, and its blockade inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Here we found that Tie1 deletion from the endothelium of adult mice inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth by decreasing endothelial cell survival in tumor vessels, without affecting normal vasculature. Treatment with VEGF or VEGFR-2 blocking antibodies similarly reduced tumor angiogenesis and growth; however, no additive inhibition was obtained by targeting both Tie1 and VEGF/VEGFR-2. In contrast, treatment of Tie1-deficient mice with a soluble form of the extracellular domain of Tie2, which blocks Angpt activity, resulted in additive inhibition of tumor growth. Notably, Tie1 deletion decreased sprouting angiogenesis and increased Notch pathway activity in the postnatal retinal vasculature, while pharmacological Notch suppression in the absence of Tie1 promoted retinal hypervasularization. Moreover, substantial additive inhibition of the retinal vascular front migration was observed when Angpt2 blocking antibodies were administered to Tie1-deficient pups. Thus, Tie1 regulates tumor angiogenesis, postnatal sprouting angiogenesis, and endothelial cell survival, which are controlled by VEGF, Angpt, and Notch signals. Our results suggest that targeting Tie1 in combination with Angpt/Tie2 has the potential to improve antiangiogenic therapy.
Quince peel polyphenolic extract blocks human colon adenocarcinoma LS174 cell growth and potentiates 5-fluorouracil efficacy (2015)

These data propose the quince Peph extract as a promising cost effective non toxic drug to employ alone or in combination with conventional anti-colorectal cancer. Moreover, quince rich regimen may prevent the development and the progress of colon cancer.
Multimode power divider using radiation from tight bending waveguide (1998)

By using a large-core and high-/spl Delta/ polymeric optical waveguide, we developed the mode-division power divider which enables wide-angle power dividing, and compared it with a conventional Y-junction power divider. The core size and /spl Delta/ were 100/spl times/100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ and 5.4%, respectively. At the conditions of 25/spl deg/ branching angle and 50/50 splitting ratio, the excess loss of the mode-division and Y-junction were estimated to be 2.5 and 9.5 dB, respectively. These values were including 1.2 dB fiber-connecting loss. Furthermore, we observed that both the mode-division type outputs have almost the same modal power distribution as the input.
Digital predistortion of concurrent dual-band power amplifier based on two-dimensional multi-branch DPD (2014)

This paper presents a novel two-dimensional multi-branch model for the dynamic behavioral modeling and digital predistortion of dual-band power amplifiers (PAs) operated in concurrent multi-band, multi-standard mode. The model performance was validated by linearizing a dual-band class AB PA, driven by different bandwidth LTE and WCDMA signals. The measurement results showed the suppression of the spectral regrowth due to the intermodulation and cross modulation effects in concurrent dual-band PAs, and also showed significant improvement in terms of accuracy and complexity when compared to state-of-the-art models.
Soft-tissue images. Bilateral large iliac artery aneurysms. (2000)

A 78-year-old man who had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, insertion of a pacemaker, unstable angina and an ejection fraction of 0.26 was found to have a pulsatile mass on routine rectal examination. Iliac artery aneurysm was suspected.

Preoperatively, a 3-dimensional reconstructed
Antibody‐Drug Conjugates: New Frontier in Cancer Therapeutics (2014)

This chapter reviews the emergence of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) as a new frontier in cancer treatment. Two currently approved ADCs – brentuximab vedotin and ado-trastuzumab emtansine – and multiple ADCs currently being tested in the clinic against several cancer targets are described. Key features of the components of ADCs – the cytotoxic agent, the linker, and antibody – are discussed in detail. New research initiatives in ADC design including sites of linkage are described.
Supplementary Methods from Identification of Polo-like Kinase 1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Methods from Identification of Polo-like Kinase 1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Synthesis and Modification of Terrylenediimides as High‐Performance Fluorescent Dyes (2005)

Two new synthetic approaches to terrylenediimides, highly photostable fluorescent dyes, are described. For the first time terrylenediimide has been synthesised in a straightforward procedure that makes large quantities available. The second route includes an efficient cross-coupling reaction followed by a cyclodehydrogenation. Monofunctionalisation of the imide structure allows terrylenediimides now to be coupled with a variety of compounds, for example, by Suzuki cross-coupling, which can lead to an array of terrylenediimides with new functional groups such as hydroxy, amino, or carboxy groups needed to link up with other molecules. The functionalisation in the bay region is used to tune the properties of terrylenediimides and extend the range of applications, for example, by introducing water solubility. These tetrasubstituted terrylenediimides offer, depending on the substituents used, exciting features such as good solubility in common organic solvents, water solubility, or NIR absorption.
Coil Array Design for Parallel Imaging: Theory and Applications (2011)

Basic principles of radiofrequency coil array design for parallel imaging are described, and illustrated in practice. Because parallel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques rely upon the spatial distribution of coil sensitivity patterns to provide spatial information about the field of view to be imaged, a careful choice of array design is essential. Both qualitative perspectives and formal descriptions of spatial encoding in parallel imaging are outlined, along with basic principles of noise propagation and signal-to-noise behavior, both for particular coil arrays and at the theoretical limits of performance. Considerations essential to effective array design for parallel MR applications are then reviewed, and particular case studies involving high-performance head arrays are used to demonstrate the practical application of these principles. Potential complications encountered during the experimental evaluation of coil array performance are discussed, and the results of particular comparisons are presented. Finally, various classes of application-targeted array designs are identified, and selected tips regarding array troubleshooting are provided. This review is intended to assist coil designers in the effective design of coil arrays intended for parallel MR applications. It may also serve to provide insight into how arrays are currently used for parallel MRI and to place in context new innovations to come.
A 433 MHz 64 b quad issue RISC microprocessor (2002)

This 9.6 M transistor quad-issue RISC microprocessor achieves greater than 500 SPECint92 (estimated) at 433 MHz. The die measures 14.5/spl times/14.4 mm/sup 2/ fabricated in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The chip uses split-power supplies; the core operates at 2.0 V and the external interface at 3.3 V. The chip dissipates less than 25 W.
Assessing the Local Nanomechanical Properties of Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Thin Films by Peak Force Tapping (2015)

The mechanical properties of several types of block copolymer (BCP) thin films have been investigated using PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping. The samples consisted of polystyrene/poly(methylmethacrylate) (PS/PMMA)-based BCP thin films with different pitches both randomly oriented and self-assembled. The measured films have a critical thickness below 50 nm and present features to be resolved of less than 22 nm. Beyond measuring and discriminate surface elastic modulus and adhesion forces of the different phases, we tuned the peak force parameters in order to reliably image those samples, avoiding plastic deformation. The method is able to detect the changes in mechanical response associated with the orientation of the PMMA cylinders with respect to the substrate (parallel versus vertical). The nanomechanical investigation is also capable of recognizing local stiffening due to the preferential growth of alumina deposited by atomic layer deposition on BCP samples, opening up new possibilities in the field of hard mask materials characterization.
Deformation and fracture of glass bead/ CTBN‐rubber/epoxy composites (1993)

Abstract Carboxyl‐terminated butadiene‐acrylonitrile‐rubber decreases modulus and yield stress of the studied epoxy but increases fracture toughness. The addition of glass bead compensates for the loss in modulus but has little effect on yield stress. However, it significantly contributes to the fracture toughness by providing additional mechanisms for toughening of both the unmodified and rubber‐modified epoxy. For the toughened epoxies studied, fracture surfaces gave only limited information on fracture mechanisms since significant energy absorption also occurs in the material below the fracture surface. Suggestions for suitable material compositions for fiber composite matrices are given.
Efficient fast-convolution based implementation of 5G waveform processing using circular convolution decomposition (2017)

Multirate fast convolution (FC) has recently been introduced as an effective tool for communication waveform processing, especially for advanced multicarrier systems targeting at well-contained spectrum. These include filter bank based multicarrier waveforms and filtered OFDM schemes which are receiving increasing attention in the 5G radio access development. Recalling that the key idea of FC is effective implementation of high-order linear filtering through frequency-domain processing, this paper investigates possibilities to reduce the complexity of FC based waveforms. Special focus is on scenarios where a relatively small part of the bandwidth is in active use, which could be the case, e.g., in low-rate machine-type communication devices. A new variant of fast-convolution filter bank (FC-FB) is developed which uses circular convolution decomposition. The narrowband variant of decomposed structure, called D-FC-FB, achieves significantly reduced complexity, which is proportional to the active bandwidth, while maintaining filtering performance equivalent to FC-FB. Therefore, this variant is considered as a low-complexity solution for low-rate devices. D-FC-FB can be used in any multicarrier scheme that utilizes filtering at subcarrier or resource block level. This paper develops closed-form complexity expressions for the case of filter bank multi-carrier with offset-QAM subcarrier modulation (FBMC/OQAM) demonstrating significant complexity reduction in a case study.
Electric field reduction due to charge accumulation in a dielectric-covered electrode system (2000)

Outlines for increased insulation performance of an air gap through the use of dielectric coatings are given. Theoretically, it is shown that the homogeneous electric field in a plane-parallel electrode system can be reduced if the electrodes are covered with a thick dielectric coating. Free charges will be affected by the electric field between the electrodes and are deposited at the dielectric surfaces. As a consequence, a counteracting electric field component results, which accordingly causes a reduction of the total electric field in the air gap and an enhancement of the field in the dielectric layers, i.e. the electric field is forced into the dielectric coatings by the charges. This effect has important implications in HV engineering. Introductory experiments supporting the idea have been carried out with promising results. It was confirmed that the withstand voltage of a plane-parallel electrode geometry with an open air gap, for dc as well as unipolar impulse voltage, could be increased considerably if the electrodes were covered with thick polymeric layers. Charge formation at the electrode surfaces as well as in the air gap is believed to be responsible for this effect. In today's insulation systems, this is known to work only for time-independent electric fields, i.e. generally dc voltages. Further experimental work is required and will be performed in order to scrutinize thoroughly and clarify the phenomenon, its capabilities and limitations.
Gaussian-3X (G3X) theory: Use of improved geometries, zero-point energies, and Hartree–Fock basis sets (2001)

A modification of G3 theory incorporating three changes is presented. The three new features include: (1) B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p) geometry; (2) B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p) zero-point energy; and (3) addition of a g polarization function to the G3Large basis set for second-row atoms at the Hartree–Fock level. Extension of G3 theory in this manner, referred to as G3X, is found to give significantly better agreement with experiment for the G3/99 test set of 376 reaction energies. Overall the mean absolute deviation from experiment decreases from 1.07 kcal/mol (G3) to 0.95 kcal/mol (G3X). The largest improvement occurs for nonhydrogens. In this subset of energies the mean absolute deviation from experiment decreases from 2.11 to 1.49 kcal/mol. The increased accuracy is due to both the use of new geometries and the larger Hartree–Fock basis set. In addition, five other G3 methods are modified to incorporate these new features. Two of these are based on reduced orders of perturbation theory, G3X(MP3) and G3X(MP2), and have mean absolute deviations for the G3/99 test set of 1.13 and 1.19 kcal/mol, respectively. The other three methods are based on scaling the energy terms, G3SX, G3SX(MP3), and G3SX(MP2). They have mean absolute deviations of 0.95, 1.04, and 1.34 kcal/mol, respectively.
Using neural networks to estimate wind turbine power generation (2001)

This paper uses data collected at Central and South West Services Fort Davis wind farm (USA) to develop a neural network based prediction of power produced by each turbine. The power generated by electric wind turbines changes rapidly because of the continuous fluctuation of wind speed and direction. It is important for the power industry to have the capability to perform this prediction for diagnostic purposes-lower-than-expected wind power may be an early indicator of a need for maintenance. In this paper, characteristics of wind power generation are first evaluated in order to establish the relative importance for the neural network. A four input neural network is developed and its performance is shown to be superior to the single parameter traditional model approach.