gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance profile among treatment-naïve people in Kuwait (2015)

Mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral therapy are a major cause of failure to treatment, and surveillance for the emergence of HIV resistance became a component of all antiretroviral treatment programs. As transmission of resistant viruses to newly infected persons is possible, we aimed to determine the prevalence of primary mutations associated with antiretroviral resistance among treatment-naïve patients, with respect to HIV subtype. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma samples of 43 treatment-naïve patients. Protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions were amplified and sequenced using the TRUGENE HIV-1 Genotyping Assay. A phylogenetic analysis was performed for HIV subtype assignment. Complete sequence information could be obtained for 35 patients. A total of ten different HIV-1 subtypes and recombinant forms were found in Kuwait with predominance of subtypes B, C, and CRF01_AE. A62V and A98G were non-polymorphic resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) detected in the RT region of two and three patients, respectively. Non-polymorphic mutations associated with resistance to protease inhibitors were not detected. Our results support continuous surveillance of RAMs in newly infected individuals to assess the effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral regimen available in Kuwait.
Bit Error Rate Comparison of Repeater and Regenerative Communication Satellites (1980)

We evaluate and compare bit error rates for conventional (linear and nonlinear) repeater satellites and regenerative satellites. This work is based on a new formulation for error rates using the generalized moment technique for numerical evaluation of error rates. Both coherent MPSK and noncoherent MFSK modulations are considered with regenerative satellites. The results show that regenerative satellites are especially effective against uplink CW interference when on-board despreading of spread spectrum signals is included as part of the satellite processing.
Supplementary Legends 1-4 and Materials from Activation of Apoptosis by 1-Hydroxy-5,7-Dimethoxy-2-Naphthalene-Carboxaldehyde, a Novel Compound from <i>Aegle marmelos</i> (2023)

Supplementary Legends 1-4 and Materials from Activation of Apoptosis by 1-Hydroxy-5,7-Dimethoxy-2-Naphthalene-Carboxaldehyde, a Novel Compound from &lt;i&gt;Aegle marmelos&lt;/i&gt;
The first structure of a cold-active catalase fromVibrio salmonicidaat 1.96 Å reveals structural aspects of cold adaptation (2007)

The cold-adapted catalase from the fish-pathogenic bacterium Vibrio salmonicida (VSC) has recently been characterized and shown to be two times more catalytically efficient compared with catalase from the mesophilic human pathogen Proteus mirabilis [PMC; Lorentzen et al. (2006), Extremophiles, 10, 427-440]. VSC is also less temperature-stable, with a half-life of 5 min at 333 K compared with 50 min for PMC. This was the background for solving the crystal structure of the cold-adapted VSC to 1.96 A and performing an extensive structural comparison of VSC and PMC. The comparison revealed that the entrance (the major channel) leading to the catalytically essential haem group, is locally more flexible and slightly wider in VSC. This might explain the enhanced catalytic efficiency of the nearly diffusion-controlled degradation of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen in VSC. The reduced thermal stability of the cold-adapted VSC may be explained by a reduced number of ion-pair networks. The four C-terminal alpha-helices are displaced in the structures, probably owing to missing ionic interactions in VSC compared with PMC, and this is postulated as an initiation site for unfolding the cold-adapted enzyme. VSC is the first crystal structure reported of a cold-adapted monofunctional haem-containing catalase.
Impedimetric Characterization of Bioelectronic Nano-Antennae (2020)

The merging of electronics with biology at the nanoscale holds considerable promise for sensing and modulating cellular behavior. Advancing our understanding of nano-bioelectronics will facilitate development and enable applications in biosensing, tissue engineering and bioelectronic medicine. However, studies investigating the electrical effects when merging wireless conductive nanoelectrodes with biology are lacking. Consequently, a new tool is required to develop a greater understanding of the bioelectrical effects of merging conductive nanoparticles with biology. Herein, this challenge is addressed by developing an impedimetric method to evaluate bipolar electrochemical systems (BESs) that could act as nano-antennas. A theoretical framework is provided, using impedance to determine if conductive nanoparticles can be polarized and used to drive current. It is then demonstrated that 125 nm Au nanoparticle bipolar electrodes (BPEs) could be sensed with biology when incorporated extracellularly. These results highlight how nanoscale BPEs act in biology and characterize their behavior in electric fields. This research will impact on the rational design of using BPE systems in biology for both sensing and actuating applications.
A Review on Teicoplanin Used as Alternative Drug to Treat the Novel Corona Virus (COVID – 19) (2020)

In December 2019, another coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has risen up out of China causing pneumonia episodes first in the Wuhan locale and have now spread overall in view of its plausible high transmission productivity. Because of the absence of productive and explicit medicines and the need to contain the pestilence, medicate repurposing has all the earmarks of being the best instrument to discover remedial arrangement. Chloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, ribavirin or ritonavir have demonstrated viability to restrain coronavirus in vitro. Teicoplanin, an anti-microbial used to treat staphylococci disease, recently demonstrated adequacy to hinder the principal phase of MERS coronavirus viral cycle in human cells. This action is preserved on the SARS-Cov-2, accordingly putting teicoplanin as an expected treatment for patients with this infection.
Experiments on shock/vortex interactions (1992)

The interaction between a shock wave and a supersonic streamwise vortex is a fundamental fluid-dynamics problem with numerous practical applications. This paper describes an experimental study of this phenomenon. In particular, supersonic streamwise vortices of varying strength and Mach number were generated and measured using five-hole and total-temperature probes. In addition, the interactions between a vortex and either an oblique or a normal shock wave were visualized using schlieren and planar-laser-scattering techniques. The mean-flow measurements show both similarities and differences between the supersonic streamwise vortex and its incompressible counterpart, while the flow-visualization results show that the shock/vortex interaction is always unsteady and that, under certain conditions, the vortex can burst. The conditions necessary for supersonic vortex breakdown are presented.
Non-Invasive Detection of Stem Cell Therapies Facilitated by Metal Ion-Based Contrast Agents (2022)

262Stem cell therapy is a unique approach to regenerative medicine as the fundamental pathways of cell lineage can be hijacked to renew damaged tissue in the body. Such therapies have clinical interest in numerous fields and disorders, such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, spinal cord/bone injury, and more. However, translation of these therapies toward clinical approval necessitates the ability to accurately investigate in preclinical and clinical trials where cells are located following transplantation and how they behave. Clinically available non-invasive imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, and optical imaging, are the most promising methods to monitor these advanced therapeutic products. This chapter will evaluate each imaging modality for its utility in stem cell tracking, and describe metal-ion-containing contrast agents (CAs) that promote specific detection of stem cell populations in vivo. We will focus on how each modality and the associated CAs are designed to not interfere with the activity and function of native stem cells. We will report on the current strategies for longitudinal imaging studies that provide promising avenues to develop bio-markers of therapeutic efficacy.
Implications of 3-D Internal Flow Simulation on the Design of Inward-Opening Pressure-Swirl Injectors (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A parametric study on the effects of critical injector design parameters of inwardly-opening pressure-swirl injectors was carried out using 3-D internal flow simulations. The pressure variation and the integrated momentum flux across the injector, as well as the flow distributions and turbulence structure at the nozzle exit were analyzed. The critical flow effects on the injector design identified are the swirler efficiency, discharge coefficient, and turbulence breakup effects on the spray structure. The study shows that as a unique class of injectors, pressure-swirl injectors is complicated in fluid mechanics and not sufficiently characterized or optimized. The swirler efficiency is characterized in terms of the trade-off relationship between the swirl-to-axial momentum-flux ratio and pressure drop across the swirler. The results show that swirl number is inversely proportional to discharge coefficient, and that hole diameter and swirler height is the most dominant parameters. Experimental data are also used to correlate the analysis to injector performance. Spray cone angle and spray penetration are shown to correlate well with the swirl number. The measured dropsize also shows good correlation to the predicted turbulence primary breakup potential. The implications of nozzle flow analysis to injector design are also discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Introduction to the minitrack on multimedia documents in the office and education (2002)

Provides an overview of the technical articles and features presented in this minitrack.
Rx plays multiple roles in eye development (2003)

The homeobox was first identified as a common feature of Drosophila genes that control pattern formation during embryogenesis. These genes have been implicated in the regional specialization of the developing brain, spinal cord and other body structures. Homeobox gene families are highly conserved and encode DNA-binding regulatory proteins. Certain members of the homeobox gene family, including Pax6, Chx10, Lhx2, Otx2, Six3 and Six6, are crucial for development of the eye. A new family of retinal homeobox genes, Rx, is expressed early in embryogenesis in retinal stem cells. This expression pattern, along with results of overexpression and gene deletion studies, is consistent with a role for Rx in retinal stem cell specification and proliferation. In this dissertation, studies of the Rx expression in adult organisms reveal that Rx is abundantly expressed in human and mouse adult neural retina. A number of patients with anophthalmia and microphthalmia were screened and it was found that these conditions are associated with mutations in the Rx gene. The data generated in the first two projects raise a question about a role of Rx at different stages of eye development. To address this problem, a conditional allele of Rx gene was generated. This allele retains normal Rx activity but is a subject to inactivation by Cre recombinase. Using Cre recombinase under a control of forebrain-specific promoter (Foxg1 promoter), Rx conditional inactivation is achieved. Conditional animals (Rx-Foxg1-Cre) lack eyes and optic nerves but otherwise appear to be perfectly normal, making them an ideal model for anophthalmia as seen in the patient population. Analysis of Rx-Foxg1-Cre mice indicate that Rx is critical not only for the initial steps of eye development but also for axial patterning, since both, dorso-ventral and proximo-distal markers are affected.
Contemporary laboratory assessment of acute cardiorenal syndrome for early diagnosis: A call for action (2023)

Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS), categorized as CRS type 1 and 3, is defined by the interplay of acute kidney injury or dysfunction and acute cardiac disease. For optimized diagnosis and management of CRS, strategies targeting multi-organ dysfunction must be adopted. Early diagnosis of acute CRS is important to enable timely initiation of appropriate treatment to prevent serious morbidity and mortality; however, traditional biomarkers are suboptimal. Over the past 2 decades, numerous biomarkers have been investigated for a better and more rapid diagnosis of CRS. Yet, the uptake of these contemporary biomarkers has been slow, possibly owing to the use of imperfect gold-standard reference tests. We believe that there is now scope for use of contemporary laboratory test panels to improve the diagnosis of acute CRS. In this review, we briefly discuss a proposed set of biomarkers for the diagnosis of type 1 and type 3 CRS.
Pathogenic copy number variants that affect gene expression contribute to genomic burden in cerebral palsy (2018)

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent movement disorder of childhood affecting 1 in 500 live births in developed countries. We previously identified likely pathogenic de novo or inherited single nucleotide variants (SNV) in 14% (14/98) of trios by exome sequencing and a further 5% (9/182) from evidence of outlier gene expression using RNA sequencing. Here, we detected copy number variants (CNV) from exomes of 186 unrelated individuals with CP (including our original 98 trios) using the CoNIFER algorithm. CNV were validated with Illumina 850 K SNP arrays and compared with RNA-Seq outlier gene expression analysis from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Gene expression was highly correlated with gene dosage effect. We resolved an additional 3.7% (7/186) of this cohort with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNV while a further 7.7% (14/186) had CNV of uncertain significance. We identified recurrent genomic rearrangements previously associated with CP due to 2p25.3 deletion, 22q11.2 deletions and duplications and Xp monosomy. We also discovered a deletion of a single gene, <i>PDCD6IP</i>, and performed additional zebrafish model studies to support its single allele loss in CP aetiology. Combined SNV and CNV analysis revealed pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 22.7% of unselected individuals with CP.
Hybrid Versus Norwood Strategies for Single-Ventricle Palliation (2012)

Survival after stage II palliation and subsequent Fontan completion is equivalent between the groups. The hybrid group had a higher PA reintervention rate and smaller PA size. Both strategies achieved adequate physiology for Fontan completion. Evolution of the hybrid strategy requires refinement to provide optimal PA growth.
Interview with Charles "Charley" Richardson, Jr. (2008)

In this interview with Julia Stringfellow, Charles "Charley" Richardson Jr. discusses memories of his sister, Elizabeth Richardson, Milwaukee-Downer College class of 1940.
WDM-PON based on Self-Seeded OLT and Wavelength Reuse at ONU (2013)

We report a simple 1:25Gb/s short-reach WDM-PON exploiting self-seeded transmitters at OLT and wavelength-reuse at ONUs to achieve the best combination of cost and capacity. Two remodulation schemes, NRZ/NRZ and IRZ/RZ are compared.
Human immunodeficiency virus strains differ in their ability to infect CD4+ cells expressing the rat homolog of CXCR-4 (fusin) (1997)

A clade B strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1(LAI)) could infect CD4+ cells expressing human CXCR-4 (fusin) or its rat homolog with similar efficacy. By contrast, cells expressing rat CXCR-4 were not permissive to HIV-1(NDK) (clade D), HIV-2(ROD), or HIV-1(LAI) with chimeric envelope protein gp120 bearing the V3 domain from HIV-1(NDK). The reciprocal chimeric gp120 (HIV-1(NDK) with V3 from HIV-1(LAI)) could mediate infection of cells expressing either human or rat CXCR-4. Genetically divergent HIV strains have different requirements for interaction with the CXCR-4 coreceptor, and the gp120 V3 domain seems to be involved in this interaction.
Adenovirus vector-based incorporation of a photo-cross-linkable amino acid into proteins in human primary cells and cancerous cell lines (2016)

The site-specific incorporation of cross-linkable designer amino acids into proteins is useful for covalently bonding protein complexes upon exposure to light. This technology can be used to study networks of protein-protein interactions in living cells; however, to date it has only been applicable for use with a narrow range of cell types, due to the limited availability of plasmid-based transfection protocols. In the present study, we achieved adenovirus-based expression of a variant of an archaeal pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase and UAG-recognising tRNA pair, which was used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins at sites defined by in-frame UAG codons within genes. As such, the site-specific photo-cross-linking method is now applicable to a wide variety of mammalian cells. In addition, we repositioned the reactive substituent of a useful photo-cross-linker, N<sup>ε</sup>-(para-trifluoromethyl-diazirinyl-benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-lysine (pTmdZLys), to the meta position, which improved its availability at low concentration. Finally, we successfully applied this system to analyse the formation of a protein complex in response to a growth signal in human cancerous cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This adenovirus-based system, together with the newly designed cross-linkable amino acid, will facilitate studies on molecular interactions in various cell lines of medical interest.
Hydrogen uptake in alumina thin films synthesized from an aluminum plasma stream in an oxygen ambient (1999)

We describe the hydrogen uptake during the synthesis of alumina films from H2O present in the high vacuum gas background. The hydrogen concentration in the films was determined by the H1(N15,αγ)C12 nuclear resonance reaction. Furthermore, we show the presence of hydrogen ions in the plasma stream by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The hydrogen content increased in both the film and the plasma stream, as the oxygen partial pressure was increased. On the basis of these measurements and thermodynamic considerations, we suggest that an aluminum oxide hydroxide compound is formed, both on the cathode surface as well as in the film. The large scatter in the data reported in the literature for refractive index and chemical stability of alumina thin films can be explained on the basis of the suggested aluminum oxide hydroxide formation.
A Fully Polarimetric Radar System for Non-Destructive Testing of Fiber Glass Layers (2023)

During the production of fiber composites, individual layers can be displaced, which can drastically influence the load-bearing capacity of the object to be manufactured. Existing systems in the field of non-destructive testing of fiber composites are either impractical to use in everyday production or do not offer the possibility of examining the structure of the individual fiber layers. For this reason, we present a novel sensor concept that can detect typical defects caused during manufacturing. The concept is based on a millimeter wave SAR approach using a fully polarimetric FMCW radar sensor working at a center frequency of 60.5 GHz, with 17GHz bandwidth. The sensor offers a phase noise of -77 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from the carrier, with chirp times of 1 ms over the whole bandwidth, while maintaining a RMS frequency deviation of 1.24 ppm. Using a polarimetric decomposition scheme, we can detect the displacement of individual fiber layers, although the thickness of the layers is below the theoretically achievable range resolution of the radar.
A preparation of unsymmetrical .alpha.-diketones (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA preparation of unsymmetrical .alpha.-diketonesD. R. Williams, L. A. Robinson, G. S. Amato, and M. H. OsterhoutCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 13, 3740–3744Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00039a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00039a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Lower limb alignment and foot angle are related to stance phase knee adduction in normal subjects: A critical analysis of the reliability of gait analysis data (1996)

Anatomic and mechanical factors that affect loading in the knee joint can contribute to pathologic changes seen at the knee in degenerative joint disease and should be considered in treatment planning. The objectives of this study were to quantify the relationships between the alignment of the bones of the lower extremity, foot progression angle, and knee adduction moment, and to determine the reliability of our gait measurements. Gait analysis and complete radiographic evaluation of the lower extremity were performed on 11 healthy subjects. The gait measurements were recorded with an optoelectronic digitizer and a multi-component force plate. The subjects who had radiographic measurements indicative of varus alignment of the lower extremity had statistically higher peaks in knee adduction moment in early stance. Conversely, those with valgus alignment of the lower extremity had statistically lower peaks in knee adduction moment in early stance. The subjects who had a large toe-out angle and low ankle inversion moment peaks in late stance had significantly lower peaks in knee adduction moment in late stance. These significant (low to moderate) correlations suggest that the limbs with more valgus alignment and those with a toe-out gait exhibited a reduced peak adduction moment at the knee. To verify the reproducibility of the data, gait analysis testing was performed on each lower limb on 2 separate days for each subject. Analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between test limbs or test days for each subject. Our results suggest that the alignment of the lower limb and the foot progression angle, which can be readily measured in a clinical setting, can serve as predictors of knee joint loading in healthy individuals. These findings may have important implications for both surgical and nonsurgical treatment of abnormalities of the knee joint.