gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography for the investigation of skin adaptation to mechanical stress (2020)

This study introduced new techniques to investigate skin adaptation to mechanical stress. If the key limitations are addressed, these methods have the potential to provide insight into the function and structure of the cutaneous microvasculature that previously could not be attained noninvasively.
SEMOPS: design of a new payment service (2003)

One of the most promising future applications in the domain of mCommerce is the mobile payment. Different approaches come to the market and try to address existing needs, but up to day no global solution exists. In this paper we take an insight on the SEMOPS project, analyze some of the requirements that have been its guiding force as well as the business model it supports.
Retraining-free Customized ASR for Enharmonic Words Based on a Named-Entity-Aware Model and Phoneme Similarity Estimation (2023)

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E-ASR) has the potential to improve performance, but a specific issue that needs to be addressed is the difficulty it has in handling enharmonic words: named entities (NEs) with the same pronunciation and part of speech that are spelled differently. This often occurs with Japanese personal names that have the same pronunciation but different Kanji characters. Since such NE words tend to be important keywords, ASR easily loses user trust if it misrecognizes them. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel retraining-free customized method for E2E-ASRs based on a named-entity-aware E2E-ASR model and phoneme similarity estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the target NE character error rate by 35.7% on average relative to the conventional E2E-ASR model when selecting personal names as a target NE.
Graphite foam for cooling of automotive power electronics (2005)

Hybrid and fuel cell vehicles utilize the Si-based IGBT (Integrated Gate Bipolar Transistor) controller which must dissipate about 100 W/cm/sup 2/ heat and maintain a temperature below 125 /spl deg/C. The application of porous, high thermal conductivity carbon foam, a new class of advanced lightweight material, to the thermal management of this electronic system and the use of micro- and nano-scale thermal measurement methods for analyzing thermal transport in electronics are presented. Development of advanced carbon foam with different pore structure by variation of the foaming pressure is discussed. The use of carbon foam to remove the heat generated in power electronics has been studied in three approaches: 1) forced air convection, 2) water cooled heat exchanger, and 3) evaporative cooling.
Unnatural base pairs between 2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine and the complementary bases (2000)

The unnatural base, 2-amino-6-(2-thienyl)purine (designated as s), instead of 2-amino-6-(N,N-dimethylamino)purine (designated as x), was designed in order to improve the specificity and efficiency of the base pairing with pyridin-2-one (designated as y). DNA fragments containing s were chemically synthesized, and the thermal stability and the enzymatic reactions involving the s-y pairing were examined. Thermal denaturation experiments showed that the DNA duplex (12-mer) containing the s-y pair was more stable than that containing the x-y pair. The incorporation of dyTP was also more advantageous to the s-y pairing than the x-y pairing in single-nucleotide insertion experiments using the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I.
Relapses and subsequent worsening of disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (2006)

Although relapses may result into permanent damage and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression, there is no consistent effect of on-study relapses on the subsequent development of sustained EDSS score increase during a typical clinical study observation period.
Two functional FAS-I type fatty acid synthases in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2005)

The lipid-rich Corynebacterianeae, to which Corynebacterium glutamicum and Mycobacterium species belong, produce both fatty acids and mycolic acids. Compared with most other bacteria, C. glutamicum possesses two fatty acid synthases, encoded by fasA (8907 kb; FAS-IA) and fasB (8988 kb; FAS-IB). Here, it was shown by mutational analyses that fasA is essential but fasB is not. However, in a fasA background, the fasB mutation results in a slightly reduced growth yield, l-glutamate production is increased, and comparative lipid analysis suggests that in vivo FAS-IB is active primarily to supply palmitate. Transcript quantifications revealed that the fasB transcript contributes 32 % to both fas transcripts during growth on glucose, affirmative for fasB expression, and that fasB is subordinate to fasA. The fasA transcript is downregulated by 8.3-fold during growth on acetate as compared with glucose. The lipid analyses also demonstrate that cells grown on propionate produce a number of uneven fatty acids (e.g. 15 : 0, 17 : 0, 17 : 1), which are not present in cells grown on glucose or acetate, suggesting that fatty acid synthase in vivo may also use propionyl-CoA as the priming unit in fatty acid synthesis. The fatty acid auxotrophic fasAB double mutant was used to determine the suggested incorporation of fatty acids into mycolic acids. Supplementation of this mutant with uniformly labelled [(13)C]oleate and analysis of isolated mycolic acids confirmed that mature mycolic acids in the mutant consist exclusively of two fused [(13)C]oleate molecules. In addition to an altered phospholipid profile, the fasB mutant also exhibits differences in its mycolic acid profile. Taken together, the results show that although FAS-IA is the most relevant fatty acid synthase of C. glutamicum and FAS-IB is supplementary, both synthases are necessary to produce the characteristic lipid environment of this organism.
Microstructures and the Mechanical Properties of the Al–Li–Cu Alloy Strengthened by the Combined Use of Accumulative Roll Bonding and Aging (2019)

Herein, the age‐hardening behavior of the severely deformed and then artificially aged A2099 Al–Li–Cu alloy is investigated by Vickers hardness test, tensile test, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The combined processes of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and aging treatment at 373 K for 2419 ks result in the highest hardness (≈190 HV) for the 5‐cycled ARB sample with an age hardenability of 37 ± 2 HV. For the 2‐cycled ARB sample with aging treatment, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation to failure reach 553 MPa and 7%, which are greater than those of the ARB sample without aging treatment (i.e., 442 MPa and 1%). The corresponding TEM microstructures suggest that the refined δ′ –Al 3 Li particles formed by spinodal decomposition are responsible not only for higher hardness and strength but also for the optimized strength–ductility balance. Therefore, our proposed strategy, i.e., “take advantage of spinodal decomposition,” is regarded as a convincing approach to induce nanosized precipitates within ultrafine grains for optimizing the strength–ductility balance.
Pilot-Symbols-Aided Carrier-Phase Recovery for 100-G PM-QPSK Digital Coherent Receivers (2012)

A feedforward pilot-symbols-aided carrier-phase recovery scheme is described. The approach relies on pilot symbols that are time-division multiplexed with the transmitted data. In the scheme, an initial coarse estimation of the optical carrier phase, exploiting the knowledge of pilot symbols, is followed by a fine nondata-aided, or blind, estimation. The main advantage of the proposed solution is that of avoiding the phase- ambiguity problem after a cycle slip. The overhead and the impact on the performance of pilot symbols are investigated for long-haul transmission of 100-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying wavelength-division-multiplexing signals in different scenarios. For homogeneous transmission, the proposed scheme outperforms blind carrier recovery with differential decoding.
Pyroelectric and dielectric properties of side‐chain liquid crystal polymers (1996)

Abstract Liquid crystal side‐chain polymers (LCP), where the polymer architecture consists of a polymer backbone, flexible spacers, and mesogenic groups, are of considerable interest as they promise desirable electro‐active properties, including pyroelectricity and electro‐optic display phenomena. Induced polarization in the LCP system remains stable at ordinary temperatures, and therefore these systems are suitable for sensor materials for pyroelectric applications where switching times are less important. The dielectric applications of the polarized LCP system are also of importance if they are to be used as thin film electro‐active devices. This paper reports the results of the dielectric and pyroelectric characterizations of six different polymers over a wide range of frequencies and temperatures. To elucidate the effect of a variation of chemical structure on the macroscopic properties, the structure of the mesogenic moiety was kept constant, and the length of the spacer and the size of the polymer backbone were varied.
Metabolic Aspects of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity (2021)

Heart failure (HF) is increasingly recognized as the major complication of chemotherapy regimens. Despite the development of modern targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, doxorubicin (DOXO), one of the most cardiotoxic anticancer agents, still remains the treatment of choice for several solid and hematological tumors. The insurgence of cardiotoxicity represents the major limitation to the clinical use of this potent anticancer drug. At the molecular level, cardiac side effects of DOXO have been associated to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, impairment of iron metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy dysregulation. On these bases, the antioxidant and iron chelator molecule, dexrazoxane, currently represents the unique FDA-approved cardioprotectant for patients treated with anthracyclines.A less explored area of research concerns the impact of DOXO on cardiac metabolism. Recent metabolomic studies highlight the possibility that cardiac metabolic alterations may critically contribute to the development of DOXO cardiotoxicity. Among these, the impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and the persistent activation of glycolysis, which are commonly observed in response to DOXO treatment, may undermine the ability of cardiomyocytes to meet the energy demand, eventually leading to energetic failure. Moreover, increasing evidence links DOXO cardiotoxicity to imbalanced insulin signaling and to cardiac insulin resistance. Although anti-diabetic drugs, such as empagliflozin and metformin, have shown interesting cardioprotective effects in vitro and in vivo in different models of heart failure, their mechanism of action is unclear, and their use for the treatment of DOXO cardiotoxicity is still unexplored.This review article aims at summarizing current evidence of the metabolic derangements induced by DOXO and at providing speculations on how key players of cardiac metabolism could be pharmacologically targeted to prevent or cure DOXO cardiomyopathy.
Formal Specification and Enactment (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Scheduling with Dependencies Specifying Service Composition Residuation Symbolic Calculation of Residuals Distributed Scheduling Formalization Discussion Notes Exercises
Characterization of Er-Added YBCO Coated Conductor Produced by Metal Organic Deposition (MOD) (2007)

The effects of adding Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> to the trifluoroacetate precursor solution used to produce YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7-×</sub> thin films by the MOD method have been investigated. Er-added MOD YBCO films, applied to RABiTS-based substrates, were examined by in-field transport, electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Er additions up to Er/Y= 1.0 have been studied. Consequences to the, chemistry, microstructure, and electro-magnetic performance of fully processed coated conductor samples were determined. As expected, the added Er increases the relative concentration of atoms that tend to occupy the "Y" position in the YBCO lattice, however, Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> crystal field effects seen in Raman spectra of the Er-added samples indicate that there is little or no Er substitution on the Ba or Cu2 sites. Some Er <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> appears on Y sites in the YBCO; the remainder is found as nano-sized (Er,Y) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> precipitates. Current transport measurements as a function of field angle show that J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> increases with H//c but decreases with H//ab as the Er/Y ratio increases towards 0.5. The increased H//c flux pinning is attributed to the Er-rich nano-precipitates; the decreased H//ab flux pinning is attributed to a monotonic reduction in the number of planar defects with increasing Er/Y value.
Advanced fabrication methods for 3D meta-optics (2011)

Micro-Optics has expanded to include a wide variety of applications for spectral filtering, polarization filtering and beam shaping. Recently, a new class of optical elements have been introduced that can combine the spectral, polarization, and beam conditioning into the same optical element. This engineered optical functionality results in a 3D Meta-Optic structure that relies on sub-wavelength features to essentially engineer the electromagnetic fields within the structure; thereby, resulting in highly dispersive structures that spatially vary across the optical element. This talk will summarize recent results in the design, fabrication and applications of 3D Meta-Optics.
Fast Graphlet Transform of Sparse Graphs (2020)

We introduce the computational problem of graphlet transform of a sparse graph. Graphlets are fundamental topology elements of all graphs/networks. They can be used as coding elements to encode graph-topological information at multiple granularity levels, for classifying vertices on the same graph/network, as well as, for making differentiation or connection across different networks. Network/graph analysis using graphlets has growing applications. We recognize the universality and increased encoding capacity in using multiple graphlets, we address the arising computational complexity issues, and we present a fast method for exact graphlet transform. The fast graphlet transform establishes a few remarkable records at once in high computational efficiency, low memory consumption, and ready translation to high-performance program and implementation. It is intended to enable and advance network/graph analysis with graphlets, and to introduce the relatively new analysis apparatus to graph theory, high-performance graph computation, and broader applications.
Worldwide Reported Use of IV Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2013)

By reported use, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke is available to some patients in approximately one-third of countries. Access to advanced acute stroke care is most limited where the greatest burden of cerebrovascular disease is reported.
A Programmable Image Processor (1991)

This programmable image processor can be used as a 2-D matched filter to perform the spatial filtering of a 2-D image with 20 different 7x7 spatial filters or used as a sliding window processor which can extract up to 20 different 7x7 spatial features at each window position. The processors can be used for signal conditioning such as noise removal, enhancing and/ or skeletonizing an input image and can also be used to extract feature information from the input image. The device is de­ signed to perform one billion arithmetic operations per second with power dissipation of less than 1W when clocked at 10MHz. The processor was developed based on charge-coupled device (CCD) technology. Table 1 demonstrates the computa­ tional ca ability of this device.
Strategic directions in research in theory of computing (1997)

This report focuses oll two core areas of theory of computing: discrete algorithms and computational complexity theory. The report reviews the purposes and goals of theoretical research, summarizes selected past and recent achievements, explains the importance of sustaining core research, and identifies promising opportunities for filture research. Some research opportunities build bridges between theory of computing and other areas of computer science, and other science and engineering disciplines.
Visual inspection via anomaly detection by automated uncertainty propagation (2022)

The visual quality inspection of test objects having a complex geometry is a challenging task for automated artificial vision systems. Even for systems where the illumination and image acquisition setups are specifically tailored with respect to the properties of the test object, captured images often show unwanted signal components, e.g., surface reflections, which complicate the detection of present material defects. One way to mitigate this problem is to have an expert define image regions by hand which are excluded from the automated defect detection. Besides being a time-consuming procedure, this also results in the system being blind at the respective regions. Another approach is based on acquiring image value statistics (e.g., mean value and standard deviation) for every pixel of an image series captured from a set of defect-free test objects. This information can then be exploited during the inspection process by comparing image values with respect to the previously calculated statistics. Pixels whose image values lie outside the distribution for the defect-free case might indicate a material defect. Unfortunately, the calculated statistics are invalidated as soon as further preprocessing steps like smoothing or edge detection are applied. The statistics would have to be recalculated by applying the respective preprocessing steps to the images of the defect-free test objects. To resolve this drawback, this contribution presents a novel approach capable of adequately updating the calculated statistics with respect to the chain of required image processing steps. This is achieved by interpreting the statistics as uncertainties and by propagating them through the single processing steps via Gaussian uncertainty propagation. The required gradients are obtained via automated differentiation of the image processing steps. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by means of empirical experiments.
Effects of Confluent, Roscovitine Treatment and Serum Starvation on the Cell‐cycle Synchronization of Bovine Foetal Fibroblasts (2005)

The present study was designed to examine the effects of cell-cycle synchronization protocols, such as confluent, roscovitine treatment and serum starvation, in bovine foetal fibroblasts on synchronization accuracy at G0/G1, viability, apoptosis, necrosis and ploidy for use as a nuclei donor. The cells in 5-10 passages were randomly allocated into three treated groups. Cells were cultured either in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) + 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) until 90% confluent (group 1, confluent), in DMEM + 10% FBS + 30 microM roscovitine for 12 h (group 2, roscovitine), or in DMEM + 0.5% FBS for 5 days (group 3, serum starvation). Most of the cells (>80%) in all groups were arrested at the G0/G1 stage. Although the rates did not differ, cells in group 1 showed an increased cell population arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher rates of apoptosis occurred in group 3 than in group 1 and 2 (10% vs 6% and 6%, respectively). No differences in chromosomal abnormality were observed among groups. However, by increasing the number of cell culture passages up to 15, significantly (p < 0.05) higher chromosomal abnormality was observed than in 5 and 10 passages (39% vs 28% and 23%, respectively) in group 1. The results clearly indicated that bovine foetal fibroblasts could be effectively synchronized at G0/G1 stages by all the three different treatments, confluent, roscovitine and serum starvation. However, cells in confluent showed reduced apoptosis and necrosis when they underwent 5-10 passages, exhibiting increased percentage of cells with stable chromosome diversity. Hence, cells in confluent merit further studies before they could be used as nuclear donors.
Stable single-frequency fiber ring laser for 25-GHz ITU-T grids utilizing saturable absorber filter (2005)

A stable single-frequency fiber ring laser is proposed that operates in a single mode for more than an hour by incorporating unpumped erbium-doped fiber (EDF) as a saturable absorber filter and optimizing the length of EDF used as gain medium. This laser can be continuously tuned to 25-GHz spacing that precisely matches the ITU-T grids by temperature control of etalon filter. This laser had a signal-to-source spontaneous emission ratio higher than 70 dB, and lasing frequencies of 361 channels was matched to ITU-T grids with excellent flatness. Frequency offset from the ITU-T grid was less than 0.14 GHz. The linewidth and the relative intensity noise value was less than 1.3 kHz and 130 dB/Hz (above 250 kHz), respectively.
Synthesis and evaluation of 4-substituted analogues of 5-[N,N-bis (2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-nitrobenzamide as bioreductively activated prodrugs using an Escherichia coli nitroreductase. (1996)

2,4-Dinitrobenzamide mustards, exemplified by the parent compound SN 23862 (2) are activated under aerobic conditions by an Escherichia coli nitroreductase enzyme (NR2) via selective reduction of the 2-nitro group, and are thus of interest as prodrugs for antibody-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (ADEPT). A series of related compounds 12a-12d, where the 4-nitro group of 2 was replaced by other substituents of varying electronic properties, were prepared and evaluated as potential ADEPT prodrugs. One-electron reduction potentials of the compounds correlated well with the substituent sigma m values, with the exception of the unsubstituted (4-H) analogue 13, which had a much lower value than expected on electronic grounds, due to a coplanar conformation of the mustard. The cytotoxicities of the compounds towards aerobic UV4 cells correlated positively with the electron-donating ability of the 4-substituent (measured by sigma p values), indicating that the cytotoxicities of the compounds in the absence of the NR2 enzyme are due substantially to the parent (unreduced) compounds. A positive, although less strong, correlation was seen between the electronic properties of the 4-substituent and their cytotoxicities in the presence of the NR2 enzyme, suggesting that, in this closely related series, the degree of activation by the enzyme is significantly dependent on the reduction potential of the 2-nitro group. While the 4-SO2Me derivative 12d was the next most preferred substrate after the parent 2, it was considerably less so (degree of activation as measured by IC50 ratio of 26 compared with 145), despite the similar electronic properties of the two 4-substituents.