gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Characterization of DI Gasoline Injection Processes (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This work investigates the injection processes of an eight-hole direct-injection gasoline injector from the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) effort on gasoline sprays (Spray G). Experiments are performed at identical operating conditions by multiple institutions using standardized procedures to provide high-quality target datasets for CFD spray modeling improvement. The initial conditions set by the ECN gasoline spray community (Spray G: Ambient temperature: 573 K, ambient density: 3.5 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (∼6 bar), fuel: iso-octane, and injection pressure: 200 bar) are examined along with additional conditions to extend the dataset covering a broader operating range. Two institutes evaluated the liquid and vapor penetration characteristics of a particular 8-hole, 80° full-angle, Spray G injector (injector #28) using Mie scattering (liquid) and schlieren (vapor). Diffused back-illumination (DBI) imaging, which is the ECN standard liquid length diagnostic, was also used to provide a reference for the Mie scatter measurements. In addition to imaging the full liquid field, the DBI measurements included long-distance microscopy collection to permit characterization of near-nozzle, end-of-injection details. Interpretation of plume-to-plume variation was assisted by nozzle geometry measurements performed using optical microscopy and x-ray tomography.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results indicate that global spray parameters such as liquid and vapor penetration as well as spray angle are similar between the two facilities. The spray development and mixing is largely affected by charge gas conditions (mainly density). For instance, under the standard Spray G density, the individual plumes remained separated until the end of injection, while at higher ambient densities the plumes merged together. Spray development results, together with spray mechanical patternation supported the correlation with measured nozzle internal geometry. Long-distance microscopy measurements showed that the main flow was attracted toward the injector centerline after the end of injection, supporting the convergence of the plumes as observed in the spray angle measurements.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Influence of Crush Orientation on Knee Bolster Function in Barrier Crash Simulation (1980)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Barrier crash simulations with a torsobelted Part 572 dummy were conducted to determine the influence of knee bolster crush orientations of 0°–60° on lower extremity restraint. Responses from two sled velocity and mean deceleration severities were investigated: 6.6 m/s at 7.5 g and 13.5 m/s at 13.9 g. The dummy’s knees were prepositioned 10 cm from individual experimental bolsters, which crushed along a predetermined axis. Bolster orientation had only a minor effect on the level of peak dummy femur, and resultant knee bolster reaction load and on lower extremity kinematics of the torsobelted occupant; however, the local loading of the knee and level of tibial compression were significantly influenced.&lt;/div&gt;
DEFORM'06 - Proceedings of the Workshop on Image Registration in Deformable Environments (2006)

Preface These are the proceedings of DEFORM'06, the Workshop on Image Registration in Deformable Environments, associated to BMVC'06, the 17th British Machine Vision Conference, held in Edinburgh, UK, in September 2006. The goal of DEFORM'06 was to bring together people from different domains having interests in deformable image registration. In response to our Call for Papers, we received 17 submissions and selected 8 for oral presentation at the workshop. In addition to the regular papers, Andrew Fitzgibbon from Microsoft Research Cambridge gave an invited talk at the workshop. The conference website including online proceedings remains open, see http://comsee.univ-bpclermont.fr/events/DEFORM06. We would like to thank the BMVC'06 co-chairs, Mike Chantler, Manuel Trucco and especially Bob Fisher for is great help in the local arrangements, Andrew Fitzgibbon, and the Programme Committee members who provided insightful reviews of the submitted papers. Special thanks go to Marc Richetin, head of the CNRS Research Federation TIMS, which sponsored the workshop. August 2006 Adrien Bartoli Nassir Navab Vincent Lepetit
A Networking Architecture for a Multi-User FEA Pre-Processor (2012)

A key task in orthodontic treatment planning is to align the teeth in a given lower and upper arch so as to establish an ideal occlusion (i.e., contact relationship), subject to certain dental constraints.A simulation-based approach is introduced to establish a near-optimal occlusion based on certain dental constraints that are defined using features on tooth surfaces (e.g., cusps, ridges, incisal edges etc.).The alignment process is modeled as the simulation of a hypothetical spring-mass system where masses representing teeth are connected and influenced by springs representing dental constraints.The set of constraints chosen is based on well-known guidelines to achieve normal occlusion and to detect the most common type of orthodontic errors.The design and implementation of such a simulation-based system are discussed and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.
Generalized Perturbation Theory-Free Sensitivity Analysis for Eigenvalue Problems (2012)

AbstractGeneralized perturbation theory (GPT) has been recognized as the most computationally efficient approach for performing sensitivity analysis for models with many input parameters, which renders forward sensitivity analysis computationally overwhelming. In critical systems, GPT involves the solution of the adjoint form of the eigenvalue problem with a response-dependent fixed source. Although conceptually simple to implement, most neutronics codes that can solve the adjoint eigenvalue problem do not have a GPT capability unless envisioned during code development. We introduce in this manuscript a reduced-order modeling approach based on subspace methods that requires the solution of the fundamental adjoint equations but allows the generation of response sensitivities without the need to set up GPT equations, and that provides an estimate of the error resulting from the reduction. Moreover, the new approach solves the eigenvalue problem independently of the number or type of responses. This allows for an efficient computation of sensitivities when many responses are required. This paper introduces the theory and implementation details of the GPT-free approach and describes how the errors could be estimated as part of the analysis. The applicability is demonstrated by estimating the variations in the flux distribution everywhere in the phase space of a fast critical sphere and a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor prismatic lattice. The variations generated by the GPT-free approach are benchmarked to the exact variations generated by direct forward perturbations.
Symptomatic lumbar stenosis following fusion using sublaminar hooks (1994)

A case of postfusion lumbar stenosis caused by the presence of sublaminar hooks is described. The patient was a 52-year-old man who 11 years previously had undergone lumbar fusion with Harrington rod instrumentation for a traumatic L-2 vertebral body fracture. Postoperatively, he developed progressive low-back pain, neurogenic claudication, and significant lower-extremity weakness and atrophy. Upon radiological examination, he was found to have high-grade lumbar stenosis at the level of the caudal sublaminar hooks. The instrumentation was removed and the area of radiological stenosis decompressed. Clinically, both the patient's pain and motor deficits resolved and, on postoperative imaging, the stenosis was relieved. Thus, despite other areas of persisting pathology, it is concluded that the stenosis occurring at the level of the caudal sublaminar hooks contributed to the patient's symptoms. Although not a common cause of postfusion stenosis, the presence of instrumentation in the proximity of neural elements must be considered as an etiology for neurological dysfunction.
Engineering protein processing of the mammary gland to produce abundant hemophilia B therapy in milk (2015)

Both the low animal cell density of bioreactors and their ability to post-translationally process recombinant factor IX (rFIX) limit hemophilia B therapy to <20% of the world's population. We used transgenic pigs to make rFIX in milk at about 3,000-fold higher output than provided by industrial bioreactors. However, this resulted in incomplete γ-carboxylation and propeptide cleavage where both processes are transmembrane mediated. We then bioengineered the co-expression of truncated, soluble human furin (rFurin) with pro-rFIX at a favorable enzyme to substrate ratio. This resulted in the complete conversion of pro-rFIX to rFIX while yielding a normal lactation. Importantly, these high levels of propeptide processing by soluble rFurin did not preempt γ-carboxylation in the ER and therefore was compartmentalized to the Trans-Golgi Network (TGN) and also to milk. The Golgi specific engineering demonstrated here segues the ER targeted enhancement of γ-carboxylation needed to biomanufacture coagulation proteins like rFIX using transgenic livestock.
Flaw-limited transport in germanium-on-silicon photodiodes (2008)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
Contribution of Phosphates and Adenine to the Potency of Adenophostins at the IP3Receptor: Synthesis of All Possible Bisphosphates of Adenophostin A (2012)

Although adenophostin A (AdA), the most potent agonist of d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)R), is thought to mimic IP(3), the relative roles of the different phosphate groups and the adenosine motif have not been established. We synthesized all three possible bisphosphate analogues of AdA and glucose 3,4-bisphosphate (7, AdA lacking the 2'-AMP). 2'-Dephospho-AdA (6) was prepared via a novel regioselective dephosphorylation strategy. Assessment of the abilities of these bisphosphates to stimulate intracellular Ca(2+) release using recombinant rat type 1 IP(3)R (IP(3)R1) revealed that 6, a mimic of Ins(4,5)P(2), is only 4-fold less potent than IP(3), while 7 is some 400-fold weaker and even 3″-dephospho-AdA (5) is measurably active, despite missing one of the vicinal bisphosphate groups normally thought to be crucial for IP(3)-like activity. Compound 6 is the most potent bisphosphate yet discovered with activity at IP(3)R. Thus, adenosine has a direct role independent of the 2'-phosphate group in contributing toward the potency of adenophostins, the vicinal bisphosphate motif is not essential for activity at the IP(3)R, as always thought, and it is possible to design potent agonists with just two of the three phosphates. A model with a possible adenine-R504 interaction supports the activity of 5 and 6 and also allows a reappraisal of the unexpected activity previously reported for the AdA regioisomer 2″-phospho-3″-dephospho-AdA 40.
FDA‐Approved Medicines (2021)

Abstract Although medicines have been needed for the entire span of human existence, the age of pharmaceuticals is a relatively recent era. The benefits accompanying the introduction of new medicines meant to combat age‐old maladies have dramatically altered public health and society. Herein, we review the history of drug discovery, demonstrating a constant evolution in both the approaches utilized and the outcomes of technological and scientific advances. These innovations have come with a cost as reflected in the ever‐increasing amounts of resources to develop a medicine. Indeed, we see the industry, as currently configured, is faced with unprecedented challenges that could soon threaten its very existence.
Computerized segmentation algorithm with personalized atlases of murine MRIs in a SV40 large T-antigen mouse mammary cancer model (2016)

Quantities of MRI data, much larger than can be objectively and efficiently analyzed manually, are routinely generated in preclinical research. We aim to develop an automated image segmentation and registration pipeline to aid in analysis of image data from our high-throughput 9.4 Tesla small animal MRI imaging center. T2-weighted, fat-suppressed MRIs were acquired over 4 life-cycle time-points [up to 12 to 18 weeks] of twelve C3(1) SV40 Large T-antigen mice for a total of 46 T2-weighted MRI volumes; each with a matrix size of 192 x 256, 62 slices, in plane resolution 0.1 mm, and slice thickness 0.5 mm. These image sets were acquired with the goal of tracking and quantifying progression of mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN) to invasive cancer in mice, believed to be similar to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in humans. Our segmentation algorithm takes 2D seed-points drawn by the user at the center of the 4 co-registered volumes associated with each mouse. The level set then evolves in 3D from these 2D seeds. The contour evolution incorporates texture information, edge information, and a statistical shape model in a two-step process. Volumetric DICE coefficients comparing the automatic with manual segmentations were computed and ranged between 0.75 and 0.58 for averages over the 4 life-cycle time points of the mice. Incorporation of these personalized atlases with intra and inter mouse registration is expected to enable locally and globally tracking of the morphological and textural changes in the mammary tissue and associated lesions of these mice.
A higher-order-mode fiber delivery for Ti:Sapphire femtosecond lasers (2010)

We report the first higher-order-mode fiber with anomalous dispersion at 800nm and demonstrate its potential in femtosecond pulse delivery for Ti:Sapphire femtosecond lasers. We obtain 125fs pulses after propagating a distance of 3.6 meters in solid-silica fiber. The pulses could be further compressed in a quartz rod to nearly chirp-free 110fs pulses. Femtosecond pulse delivery is achieved by launching the laser output directly into the delivery fiber without any pre-chirping of the input pulse. The demonstrated pulse delivery scheme suggests scaling to >20meters for pulse delivery in harsh environments not suited for oscillator operation or in applications that require long distance flexibility.
Advances in magnetic films of epsilon-iron oxide toward next-generation high-density recording media (2021)

Recent developments in magnetic films composed of epsilon-iron oxide are introduced. The film performance is studied and improved toward the next-generation of high-density magnetic recording media.
Thermal sensing fiber devices (2023)

There is provided a thermal sensing fiber grid, including a plurality of rows and columns of thermal sensing fibers, each of which includes a semiconducting element that has a fiber length and that is characterized by a bandgap energy corresponding to a selected operational temperature range of the fiber in which there can be produced a change in thermally-excited electronic charge carrier population in the semiconducting element in response to a temperature change in the selected temperature range. There is included at least one pair of conducting electrodes in contact with the semiconducting element along the fiber length, and an insulator along the fiber length. An electronic circuit is provided for and connected to each thermal sensing fiber for producing an indication of thermal sensing fiber grid coordinates of a change in ambient temperature.
Continued use of poliovirus after eradication: hyper‐attenuated strains as a safe alternative for release testing of human immunoglobulins (2018)

The deployment of such hyper-attenuated and thoroughly characterized S19 stocks in these and other essential activities might reconcile final containment measures with continued safe use of poliovirus.
&#x2018;10Gb/s-40Gb/s Synergy&#x2019; routing to better exploit network capacity (2008)

We introduce a new routing method, 10-40 Gb/s synergy, that reduces the blocking probability of at least 15% against classical routing with both bit-rates. The transmission estimator enables better performance.
Vaccination of stage IV melanoma patients with dendritic cells generated ex vivo with type I interferon and loaded with heat-treated killed allogeneic melanoma cells—Preliminary report from the phase II clinical trial (2006)

2582 Background: We have previously demonstrated in phase I clinical trial treating 20 patients with metastatic melanoma that dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with killed allogeneic tumor cells can elicit immune and clinical responses. In that study DCs were generated from monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4 and activated with a combination of TNF and soluble CD40 ligand. Two patients who had failed previous therapy including DTIC, achieved durable objective clinical responses, one CR and one PR lasting ≥ 20 months. We describe here the development of a high-throughput method for generating DC vaccines with improved immunogenicity and preliminary data from their evaluation in a Phase II trial in metastatic melanoma. Methods: We have initiated a phase II clinical trial (IRB #005–065; BB-IND #12339) enrolling patients with stage IV melanoma who failed first line therapy with DTIC and/or temozolomide with or without IL-2. Patients will receive seven injections of an autologous DC vaccine generated from monocytes by culturing with GM-CSF and Type I interferon and loaded with heat-treated and killed allogeneic Colo829 melanoma cells. Vaccine is generated in a closed system and stored frozen. Patients are vaccinated over 18 weeks. The trial is based on an initial toxicity evaluation in the first 10 patients on top of a 2-stage response rule - 1/19 to continue and 5/30 to accept. The trial is expected to accrue a total of 32 subjects. The primary end-points of this trial are the rate of objective clinical response and the safety/feasibility of the vaccination preparation. Results: To date seven patients were enrolled and begun vaccinations. Vaccine has been successfully generated for all enrolled patients. Thus far, a total of 20 vaccinations have been administered. Vaccinations were safe and tolerable. [Table: see text]
A novel approach to enable semantic and visual image summarization for exploratory image search (2008)

In this paper, we have developed a novel scheme to incorporate topic network and representativeness-based sampling for achieving semantic and visual summarization and visualization of large-scale collections of Flickr images. First, topic network is automatically generated for summarizing and visualizing large-scale collections of Flickr images at a semantic level, so that users can select more suitable keywords for more precise query formulation. Second, the diverse visual similarities between the semantically-similar images are characterized more precisely by using a mixture-of-kernels and a representativeness-based image sampling algorithm is developed to achieve similarity-based summarization and visualization of large amounts of images under the same topic, so that users can find some particular images of interest more effectively. Our experiments on large-scale image collections with diverse semantics have provided very positive results.
Extracellular nucleotide signaling by P2 receptors inhibits IL-12 and enhances IL-23 expression in human dendritic cells: a novel role for the cAMP pathway (2004)

The interleukin-12 (IL-12) cytokine family plays important roles in the orchestration of innate and adaptive immunity by dendritic cells (DCs). The regulation of IL-12 expression has been thoroughly studied, but little is known about factors governing the expression of IL-23 and IL-27, 2 novel IL-12 family members acting on memory and naive T cells, respectively. We report that the expression of these cytokines by DCs was critically dependent on the mode of activation. DC activation by CD40L predominantly induced IL-12. Ligands of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR4 induced IL-12 and IL-27, whereas exposure to intact Escherichia coli resulted in high expression of IL-12, IL-27, and IL-23. The nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to inhibit IL-12 production by P2 receptors. We found that ATP also inhibited IL-27 expression but enhanced IL-23 expression. Interestingly, the reciprocal regulation of IL-12/IL-27 and IL-23 by ATP was mediated by 2 distinct P2 receptors and was also induced by prostaglandin E(2) by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-elevating EP2/EP4 receptors. As a consequence, DCs were selectively impaired in their ability to induce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in naive T cells but continued to promote IFN-gamma and IL-17 production in memory T cells. These studies identify P2 receptors as promising targets for the design of novel strategies to manipulate specific stages of T-cell responses and to treat IL-12- and IL-23-mediated disorders.
A Low Temperature Bi-CMOS Compatible Process for MEMS RF Resonators and Filters (2002)

A low temperature, Bi-CMOS compatible process for the fabrication of MEMS resonators and filters has been developed. These devices hold the promise of reducing cost and power requirements in IC's for communications applications.
Impact assessment of smart meter grouping on the accuracy of forecasting algorithms (2013)

The increased penetration of smart meters generates huge amounts of fine-grained data, which may empower a new generation of energy related applications and services. Significant research efforts focus on the usage of such data to mainly improve the business processes of the electrical grid operators and provide some value added services to the endusers. Forecasting has a prominent position as it is a crucial planning step, and is mostly used to predict the grid load through highly-aggregated data. However, with the dramatic increase on fine-grained data, new challenges arise as forecasting can now also be done on much shorter and detailed time-series data, which might provide new insights for future applications and services. For the smart grid era, being able to segment customers on highly predictable groups or identify highly volatile ones, is a key business advantage as more targeted offers can be made. This work focuses on the analysis and impact assessment of in the context of smart metering data aggregation. A system to measure the impact of aggregation is designed and its performance is assessed. We experiment with measuring of the forecast accuracy on various levels of individual load aggregation, and investigate the identification of highly predictable groups.
Single molecule identification of homology-dependent interactions between long ssRNA and dsDNA (2016)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are prominently associated with chromosomes in an ever-increasing diversity of roles. To provide further insight into the potential nature of these associations, we have explored, for the first time, the interaction of long single-stranded (ss) RNAs with cognate homologous double-stranded (ds) DNA in vitro. Using magnetic tweezers, we measured the effects of ssRNA on force extension curves for dsDNA. We observe that the presence of ssRNA impedes the extension of dsDNA, specifically at low forces, dependent on homology between the RNA and DNA species, and dependent on ssRNA lengths (≥1 kb). The observed effect also depends on the concentration of ssRNA and is abolished by overstretching of the dsDNA. These findings show that significant homologous contacts can occur between long ssRNA and dsDNA in the absence of protein and that these contacts alter the mechanical properties of the dsDNA. We propose that long ssRNA interacts paranemically with long dsDNA via periodic short homologous interactions, e.g. mediated by RNA/DNA triplex-formation, and that dsDNA extension is impeded by formation of RNA secondary structure in the intervening unbound regions. Analogous interactions in vivo would permit lncRNAs to mediate the juxtaposition of two or more DNA regions on the same or different chromosomes.