gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direction-of-arrival estimation for wide-band signals using the ESPRIT algorithm (1990)

A novel direction-of-arrival estimation algorithm is proposed that applies to wideband emitter signals. A sensor array with a translation invariance structure is assumed, and an extension of the ESPRIT algorithm for narrowband emitter signals is obtained. The emitter signals are modeled as the stationary output of a finite-dimensional linear system driven by white noise. The array response to a unit impulse from a given direction is represented as the impulse response of a linear system. The measured data from the sensor array can then be seen as the output of a multidimensional linear system driven by white noise sources and corrupted by additive noise. The emitter signals and the array output are characterized by the modes of the linear system. The ESPRIT algorithm is applied at the poles of the system, the power of the signals sharing the pole is captured, and the effect of noise is reduced. The algorithm requires no knowledge, storage, or search of the array manifold, as opposed to wideband extensions of the MUSIC algorithm. This results in a computationally efficient algorithm that is insensitive to array perturbations. Simulations are presented comparing the wideband and ESPRIT algorithm to the modal signal subspace method and the coherent signal subspace method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In Vitro Dynamic Strain Behavior of the Mitral Valve Posterior Leaflet (2005)

Knowledge of mitral valve (MV) mechanics is essential for the understanding of normal MV function, and the design and evaluation of new surgical repair procedures. In the present study, we extended our investigation of MV dynamic strain behavior to quantify the dynamic strain on the central region of the posterior leaflet. Native porcine MVs were mounted in an in-vitro physiologic flow loop. The papillary muscle (PM) positions were set to the normal, taut, and slack states to simulate physiological and pathological PM positions. Leaflet deformation was measured by tracking the displacements of 16 small markers placed in the central region of the posterior leaflet. Local leaflet tissue strain and strain rates were calculated from the measured displacements under dynamic loading conditions. A total of 18 mitral valves were studied. Our findings indicated the following: (1) There was a rapid rise in posterior leaflet strain during valve closure followed by a plateau where no additional strain (i.e., no creep) occurred. (2) The strain field was highly anisotropic with larger stretches and stretch rates in the radial direction. There were negligible stretches, or even compression (stretch < 1) in the circumferential direction at the beginning of valve closure. (3) The areal strain curves were similar to the stretches in the trends. The posterior leaflet showed no significant differences in either peak stretches or stretch rates during valve closure between the normal, taut, and slack PM positions. (4) As compared with the anterior leaflet, the posterior leaflet demonstrated overall lower stretch rates in the normal PM position. However, the slack and taut PM positions did not demonstrate the significant difference in the stretch rates and areal strain rates between the posterior leaflet and the anterior leaflet. The MV posterior leaflet exhibited pronounced mechanically anisotropic behavior Loading rates of the MV posterior leaflet were very high. The PM positions influenced neither peak stretch nor stretch rates in the central area of the posterior leaflet. The stretch rates and areal strain rates were significantly lower in the posterior leaflet than those measured in the anterior leaflet in the normal PM position. However, the slack and taut PM positions did not demonstrate the significant differences between the posterior leaflet and the anterior leaflet. We conclude that PM positions may influence the posterior strain in a different way as compared to the anterior leaflet.
CO2to methanol conversion using hydride terminated porous silicon nanoparticles (2017)

Porous silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) prepared via magnesiothermic reduction were used to convert carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) into methanol. The hydride surface of the silicon nanoparticles acted as a CO<sub>2</sub> reducing reagent without any catalyst at temperatures above 100 °C. The Si nanoparticles were reused up to four times without significant loss in methanol yields. The reduction process was monitored using in situ FT-IR and the materials were characterized using SEM, TEM, NMR, XPS, and powder XRD techniques. The influence of reaction temperature, pressure, and Si-NP concentration on CO<sub>2</sub> reduction were also investigated. Finally, Si particles produced directly from sand were used to convert CO<sub>2</sub> to methanol.
Unilateral Facet Dislocation of the Lumbosacral Junction (1992)

Fracture-dislocation of the lumbosacral junction is an extremely rare injury. The authors are aware of only 24 reported cases. Only seven of these were unilateral facet dislocations. In this report, the authors review their experience with four cases of unilateral facet dislocations at the lumbosacral junction. In one of these cases, there was a pre-existing spondylolysis at L5, and the patient sustained a concomitant sacral fracture. From their review, the authors recommend the use of open reduction with internal fixation and lumbosacral fusion as the treatment of choice for this injury.
Single-Phase Five-Level Bridgeless Rectifier for On-Board Electric Vehicle Chargers (2021)

This paper studies a single-phase five-level power factor correction bridgeless rectifier well-suited for applications targeting for high efficiency and/or high power density, such as on-board electric vehicle battery chargers. The characteristics of this rectifier topology, the circuit derivation, the principles of operation, suited PWM modulation strategy, feedback control scheme, and the main dimensioning equations are described in this paper. Finally, simulation results are used to verify the characteristics of the studied converter.
Modeling and interpreting the head-related transfer function to understand directional hearing in bottlenose dolphins (2023)

Toothed whales have evolved to communicate, forage, and navigate effectively underwater using sound. It is generally accepted that toothed whales receive sounds through their lower mandible and the associated fat body, which guide sound to the tympano-periotic complexes (TPCs) enclosing the cochleae. However, little is known about how the direction of an impinging sound wave affects acoustic interactions with these and other structures in the head to alter the signals driving the left and right TPCs. In this work, we constructed a three-dimensional head model using computed tomography (CT) images of a live bottlenose dolphin. Using a finite-element model to simulate sound-structure interactions, we computed how left and right TPC signals vary with sound direction for multiple frequencies to generate dolphin head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). The simulated HRTFs vary strongly with frequency. Importantly, HRTFs for sources off midline exhibit complex frequency-dependent differences, which are acoustic features that could be used to estimate sound source location. We also observed scenarios where interaural level differences (ILDs) may not be reliable directional cues. Results like these can identify which acoustic cues, at which frequencies, support robust directional hearing in toothed whales. [Work supported by ONR.]
Temporal radiographic texture analysis in the detection of periprosthetic osteolysis (2007)

Periprosthetic osteolysis is one of the most serious long-term problems in total hip arthroplasty. It has been primarily attributed to the body's inflammatory response to submicron polyethylene particles worn from the hip implant, and it leads to bone loss and structural deterioration in the surrounding bone. It was previously demonstrated that radiographic texture analysis (RTA) has the ability to distinguish between osteolysis and normal cases at the time of clinical detection of the disease; however, that analysis did not take into account the changes in texture over time. The goal of this preliminary analysis, however, is to assess the ability of temporal radiographic texture analysis (tRTA) to distinguish between patients who develop osteolysis and normal cases. Two tRTA methods were used in the study: the RTA feature change from baseline at various follow-up intervals and the slope of the best-fit line to the RTA data series. These tRTA methods included Fourier-based and fractal-based features calculated from digitized images of 202 total hip replacement cases, including 70 that developed osteolysis. Results show that separation between the osteolysis and normal groups increased over time for the feature difference method, as the disease progressed, with area under the curve (AUC) values from receiver operating characteristic analysis of 0.65 to 0.72 at 15 years postsurgery. Separation for the slope method was also evident, with AUC values ranging from 0.65 to 0.76 for the task of distinguishing between osteolysis and normal cases. The results suggest that tRTA methods have the ability to measure changes in trabecular structure, and may be useful in the early detection of periprosthetic osteolysis.
Exposure to Paternal Genetic Material and Development of Preeclampsia (2002)

Einarsson, Jon I. MD; Sangi-Haghpeykar, Haleh PhD; Gardner, Michael O. MD, MPH Author Information
Short range forest channel modeling in the 5 GHz band (2012)

This paper presents a wireless channel characterization for a short-range, temperate, medium density forest environment. This environment and frequency band have not been thoroughly characterized. We conducted measurements at a center frequency of 5.12 GHz with a 50MHz bandwidth signal and obtained impulse response estimates. Measured results for delay spread are presented; mean root-mean square delay spread values range from 64 to 87 ns, for link distances up to approximately 110 m. Maximum delay spreads were approximately 360 ns. The presented models should be useful for wireless system design and optimization in the 5 GHz band forest setting.
Spin-orbit interaction of 2° in InAlAS/InAs heterostructures (2002)

Summary form only given. We report the transport characterization of In/sub 0.8/Al/sub 0.2/As/InAs heterostructures grown on p-type InAs substrate. Shubnikov de Haas oscillation of the InAs surface inversion layer was successfully measured by improved heterointerface quality and reduced interband tunneling current. As a result, spin-orbit interaction was estimated through Rashba oscillation.
Characterization of electroelastomers based on interpenetrating polymer networks (2007)

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) in which one elastomer network is under high tension balanced by compression of the second network have been shown to exhibit electrically-induced strain up to 300% and promise a number of polymer actuators with substantially enhanced performance and stability. This paper describes the mechanical and thermal properties of the IPN electroelastomer films. The quasi-linear viscoelastic model and Yeoh strain energy potential are used to characterize the viscoelastic response and stress-strain behavior of the IPN films in comparison with 3M VHB films, primary component network in the IPN films. Material parameters were determined from uniaxial stress relaxation experiments. An analysis of the results confirms that the IPN composites have reduced viscoelasticity and fast stress-strain response due to preserved prestrain. Differential scanning calorimetry showed two glass transition temperatures that are slightly shifted from the two component networks, respectively. The two networks in the IPN are considered to be independent of each other. The thermal property is also studied with termogravimetric analysis (TG).
Characterizing the neurological phenotype of the hyperinsulinism hyperammonemia syndrome (2022)

The high prevalence of abnormal neurocognitive assessment scores and interictal EEG findings observed highlights the importance of longitudinal neuropsychological assessment for individuals with HI/HA syndrome. Our findings demonstrate the potential application of GluCEST to investigate persistent knowledge gaps in the mechanisms underlying the unique neurophenotype of this disorder.
Finite-difference ground-penetrating radar modeling in frequency-dependent media (1997)

Realistic modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in the radar frequency band requires a full solution of Maxwell&apos;s equations as well as a complete description of the material properties. We present a two-dimensional (2-D) flnite-difference time-domain solution of Maxwell&apos;s equations that allows to account for the frequency dependence of the dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity typical of many near-surface materials. In close analogy with the viscoacoustic case, the governing equations are obtained by assuming dielectric and conducting relaxation functions. The finite-difference solution is second-order accurate in time and fourth-order accurate in space, conditionally stable, and computationally only marginally more expensive than its standard equivalent without frequency-dependent material properties. The algorithm is applied to a realistic problem illustrating the respective damping effects of conductivity and frequency-dependent dielectricity.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Analysis of Molecular‐Recognition Levels Attained During Capture of Chiral Cyclopentenyl Organometallics by Conformationally‐Immobilized Ketonic Systems. (1989)

Abstract The reactions of cyclopentenyl organocerium reagents with optically active ketones are studied.
Simulation Failure-Robust Bayesian Optimization for Data-Driven Parameter Estimation (2022)

Advances in modeling and computation have resulted in high-fidelity digital twins capable of simulating the dynamics of a wide range of industrial systems. These simulation models often require calibration, or the estimation of an optimal set of parameters in some goodness-of-fit sense, to reflect a system’s observed behavior. While searching over the parameter space is an inevitable part of the calibration process, simulation models are rarely designed to be valid for arbitrarily large parameter spaces. The application of existing calibration methods, therefore, often results in repeated model evaluations using parameters that can cause the simulations to be impractically slow or even result in catastrophic failure. In general, the shape of subregions in the parameter space that could result in simulation failure is unknown. In this article, we propose a novel failure-robust Bayesian optimization (FR-BO) algorithm that learns these failure regions (FRs) from online simulations and informs a Bayesian optimization algorithm to avoid FRs while optimizing model parameters. This results in acceleration of the optimizer’s convergence and prevents wastage of time trying to simulate parameters with high failure probabilities. The effectiveness of the proposed FR-BO algorithm is demonstrated via a well-known benchmark example where we compare against state-of-the-art gradient matching techniques, and a practical example related to parameter estimation for digital twins of buildings.
Prolonged energy harvesting for ingestible devices (2017)

Ingestible electronics have revolutionized the standard of care for a variety of health conditions. Extending the capacity and safety of these devices, and reducing the costs of powering them, could enable broad deployment of prolonged-monitoring systems for patients. Although previous biocompatible power-harvesting systems for in vivo use have demonstrated short (minute-long) bursts of power from the stomach, little is known about the potential for powering electronics in the longer term and throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we report the design and operation of an energy-harvesting galvanic cell for continuous in vivo temperature sensing and wireless communication. The device delivered an average power of 0.23 μW mm⁻² of electrode area for an average of 6.1 days of temperature measurements in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. This power-harvesting cell could provide power to the next generation of ingestible electronic devices for prolonged periods of time inside the gastrointestinal tract.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Non-Parametric FRF for Pulse-Like Excitations (2015)

This technical note introduces the closed form maximum likelihood estimator for estimating the coefficients of the non-parametric frequency response function from system identification experiments. It is assumed that the experiments consist of repeated pulse excitations and that both the excitation and system response are measured which leads to an error-in-variables setting. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the estimator achieves efficiency at low signal-to-noise ratios with only few measurements. Comparison with the least-squares estimator shows that better, unbiased results are obtained.
Systems Biology in Cancer Research: Genomics to Cellomics (2006)

Cancers result from large-scale deregulation of genes that lead to cancer pathophysiologies such as increase proliferation, decreased apoptosis, increased motility, increased angiogenesis, and others. Genes that influence proliferation and apoptosis are particularly attractive as therapeutic targets. To identify genes that influence these phenotypes, we have developed simple and rapid methods to measure apoptosis and cell proliferation using high content screening with YO-PRO-1 and anti-BrdU staining of BrdU pulsed cells, respectively.
Efficient Predictive Bandwidth Allocation for Real Time Videos (2003)

SUMMARY The Quality of Service (QoS) requirements such as delay and cell loss ratio (CLR) are very stringent for video transmission. These constraints are difficult to meet if high network utilization is desired. Dynamic bandwidth allocation in which video traffic prediction can play an important role is thus needed. In this paper, we suggest to predict the variation of I frames instead of the actual size of I frames, and propose an algorithm that can achieve fast convergence and small prediction error, thus imposing QoS and attaining high network utilization. The performance of the scheme is studied using the renegotiated constant bit rate (RCBR) service model. The overall dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme based on our fast convergent algorithm is shown to be promising, and practically feasible
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling (2009)

Welcome to SBIM 2009! These proceedings represent the sixth year of Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling. Started in 2004, SBIM provides a unique venue for researchers, students and practitioners interested in sketch-based techniques to interact with one another, share lessons learned, show new results and discuss open issues. It continues to be a forum for the HCI community to present their latest work on 2D sketch-based interfaces and recognition technology and for the computer graphics community to present their latest work on sketch-based modeling.

Last year, SBIM was held in Annecy, France in conjunction with the Annecy Animation Film Festival. This year, SBIM is in the United States for the second time and is co-located with ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 in New Orleans, Louisiana. This year also marks the first time that SBIM is a symposium instead of a workshop. Co-locating with SIGGRAPH broadens the attendee base and gives people the chance to experience New Orleans culture and cuisine.

We had 29 paper submissions this year, which is down from the 36 submissions we had last year, but on par with previous SBIM workshops. Each paper was double blind reviewed by four members of our international program committee and we were able to accept 19 of them for the symposium. As in previous years, the quality of the submitted papers was strong, resulting in a high acceptance rate, a testament to those researchers who work in this field. The papers in these proceedings present a mix of innovative ideas in sketch recognition, 3D modeling, and sketch-based interface usability.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Dimerization Reaction of 1‐Methyl‐2‐benzopyrylium Salts. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automatic complexity control for HLDA systems (2003)

Designing a state-of-the-art large vocabulary speech recognition systems is a highly complex problem. A wide range of techniques are available that affect the performance and number of free parameters. Selecting the appropriate complexity of system is both time-consuming and only a limited number of possible systems can be examined. This paper presents initial results on automatic system selection when both the number of dimensions and the number of components vary. Various complexity control schemes are discussed and evaluated. Limitations of schemes based on predicting held-out data log-likelihoods are described. In addition, problems of standard approximations for this task are detailed.
A Large Family with Carney Complex Caused by the S147G PRKAR1A Mutation Shows a Unique Spectrum of Disease Including Adrenocortical Cancer (2011)

In a large family with CNC, one amino acid substitution caused a spectrum of adrenal disease that ranged from lack of manifestations to cancer. PPNAD and AC were the only manifestations of CNC in these patients, in addition to lentigines. These data have implications for counseling patients with CNC and are significant in documenting the first case of AC in the context of PPNAD.
Kub5-Hera RPRD1B Deficiency Promotes “BRCAness” and Vulnerability to PARP Inhibition in BRCA-proficient Breast Cancers (2018)

Cancer cells with low K-H expression may have exploitable <i>BRCAness</i> properties that greatly expand the use of PARP inhibitors beyond BRCA mutations. Our results suggest that aberrant K-H alterations may have vital translational implications in cellular responses/survival to DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and personalized medicine.