gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selbstexpandierende Nitinol-Stents bei proximalen Trachealstenosen (2000)

Over an observation time of two years no complications showed safe one case in which a directly postoperative dislocation was repositioned quickly. The patients live without restrictions through the tracheal stenosis or a tracheostoma. In the best possible case epithelialization over the metal meshes develops so that a nearly normal mucus transportation is possible [1, 10-12].
Si-doping effect on solution-processed In-O thin-film transistors (2018)

In this work, silicon-doped indium oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated for the first time by a solution processing method. By varying the Si concentration in the In2O3–SiO2 binary oxide structure up to 15 at%, the thicknesses, densities, and crystallinity of the resulting In–Si–O (ISO) thin films were investigated by x-ray reflectivity (XRR) and x-ray diffraction techniques, while the produced TFTs were characterized by a conventional three-probe method. The results of XRR analysis revealed that the increase in the content of Si dopant increased the thickness of the produced film and reduced its density, and that all the Si-doped ISO thin films contained only a single amorphous phase even after annealing at temperatures as high as 800 °C. The manufactured ISO TFTs exhibited a reduction in the absolute value of threshold voltage V T close to 0 V and low current in the off-state, as compared to those of the non-doped indium oxide films, due to the reduced number of oxygen defects, which was consistent with the behavior of ISO TFTs fabricated by a sputtering method. The ISO TFT with a Si content of 3 at% annealed at 400 °C demonstrated the smallest subthreshold swing of 0.5 V/dec, V T of −5 V, mobility of 0.21 cm2 V−1s−1, and on/off current ratio of about 2 × 107.
Figure S6 from Genomic and Epigenomic Landscaping Defines New Therapeutic Targets for Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Pancreas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;High level amplicons in ASCP genomes. The CNV profiles of A) A90 and B) PENN 040 included focal high level (log2 ratio &gt;2.0) amplicons that targeted the MPL and the FRS2 loci respectively. The X and Y axes in the CGH plots represent chromosome and log2 ratios for each genome. Red shaded areas denote homozygous deletions.&lt;/p&gt;
A ribonuclease zymogen activated by the NS3 protease of the hepatitis C virus (2006)

Translating proteases as inactive precursors, or zymogens, protects cells from the potentially lethal action of unregulated proteolytic activity. Here, we impose this strategy on bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) by creating a zymogen in which quiescent ribonucleolytic activity is activated by the NS3 protease of the hepatitis C virus. Connecting the N-terminus and C-terminus of RNase A with a 14-residue linker was found to diminish its ribonucleolytic activity by both occluding an RNA substrate and dislocating active-site residues, which are devices used by natural zymogens. After cleavage of the linker by the NS3 protease, the ribonucleolytic activity of the RNase A zymogen increased 105-fold. Both before and after activation, the RNase A zymogen displayed high conformational stability and evasion of the endogenous ribonuclease inhibitor protein of the mammalian cytosol. Thus, the creation of ribonuclease zymogens provides a means to control ribonucleolytic activity and has the potential to provide a new class of antiviral chemotherapeutic agents.
Dissecting CLL through high-dimensional single-cell technologies (2019)

We now have the potential to undertake detailed analysis of the inner workings of thousands of cancer cells, one cell at a time, through the emergence of a range of techniques that probe the genome, transcriptome, and proteome combined with the development of bioinformatics pipelines that enable their interpretation. This provides an unprecedented opportunity to better understand the heterogeneity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and how mutations, activation states, and protein expression at the single-cell level have an impact on disease course, response to treatment, and outcomes. Herein, we review the emerging application of these new techniques to chronic lymphocytic leukemia and examine the insights already attained through this transformative technology.
Switching control of latex balloon expansion by using switching valve mediated with the Coanda effect (2022)

Abstract Soft robots have advantages in terms of safety, softness, and compliance compared to traditional robotic systems. However, fluid-driven soft actuators, often employed in soft robots, require a corresponding number of bulky pressure supplies/valves to drive. Here, we consider a valve that can control the flow without mechanical moving parts for simplifying the driving system of soft actuators. We developed a system comprising a pump, a switching valve, and two latex balloons to demonstrate the feasibility of introducing a fluid valve into soft robotics. As the valve, which makes use of the Coanda effect, can switch the flow between two outlets when the pressure difference between the outlets is 3 kPa, we employed a latex balloon connected to each outlet. The system can control the expansion of each balloon by switching the flow from the pump. The experimental results proved that the system could actuate each balloon.
Investigation of a microtriode with a planar field emitter-extractor source fabricated by direct-write nanolithography using electron beam induced deposition (2005)

A simple microtriode with planar field emission cathode is investigated. Electron optical performance and field distribution are simulated using numerical electron optics. A field emitter tip is fabricated by direct write nanolithography with electron beam induced deposition. The emission properties are studied in UHV and high vacuum. Measurements of currents from deposited emitters are recorded with milli-second resolution to monitor short-term variations in long-term measurements. Emission currents of a few nanoamperes are observed over several days without and with the use of an ion mirror. Depending on vacuum conditions the currents show a characteristic variation of up to 50%. The work is aimed to develop a planar micro-triode with very high current-carrying capability and low transconductance.
Crystal structure of the copper(I) iodide–pyridine (1/1 ) tetramer (1976)

The crystal structure of the copper(I) iodide pyridine adduct has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 295 K and refined by least squares to R 0.057 for 2 710 ‘observed’ reflections. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with a= 16.032(6), b= 15.510(2), and c= 11.756(3)Å. The asymmetric unit is Cu4I4py4, based on the well-known tetrahedral tetrameric Cu4I4 unit, with Cu–N 2.04, Cu–I 2.70, and Cu–Cu 2.69 Å; the latter distance is much shorter than in the analogous complexes formed with phosphine and arsine ligands.
Study on the Scope of Application of Cement Deep Mixing Pile to Consolidate Soft Soils (2013)

According to the experiments study, the formulas of strength with the changes of moisture content, natural dry density, cement dosage are presented. Applicable range of cement mixing pile to consolidate soft soils is determined which can be used to guide the using of cement mixing pile and provide reference for design or research departments at the same time.
Effectiveness of factor VIII infusions in haemophilia A patients with high responding inhibitors (2004)

We report here the efficacy of factor VIII (FVIII) infusions in two haemophiliacs with inhibitors using clot waveform analysis on the MDA II system, which was possible to detect very low levels of FVIII activity < 1.0 U dL(-1). In the presence of type 1 inhibitors at the level of 6.2 (patient 1) and 14.4 (patient 2) Bethesda Units mL(-1), 3.2 and 6.5 U dL(-1) of FVIII:C remained 30 min after the infusion of FVIII (100 U kg(-1)), respectively. Moreover, 0.9 U dL(-1) of FVIII:C remained 24 h after infusion in patient 2. In both cases, these changes were reflected by qualitative improvement in the aPTT clot waveform and quantitative changes in the minimum value of the second derivative of the aPTT waveform (Min2) that reflects clot acceleration. These results suggest that FVIII infusion may be continued with clinical benefit in some haemophiliacs with high responding inhibitors. Furthermore, the haemostatic response may be monitored accurately and efficiently by clot waveform analysis.
Crystal fiber laser materials (Conference Presentation) (2023)

Rare-earth-doped fibers with single-crystal cores have the potential for 10x higher TMI threshold than their glass counterparts and are a promising candidate for use as gain media in high-power laser systems. Their utility has been limited by parasitic optical losses and difficulty in fabrication. This paper explores methods to reduce the losses in these fibers in the core, in the cladding and at the core-cladding interface. Fabrication methods are also discussed.
Enantiomerically Pure Copper(II) Cubanes [Cu4L2(OMe)4] from Chiral Bis‐1,3‐diketones H2L through Diastereoselective Self‐Assembly (2005)

Loaded dice: Copper cubanes 1 and ent-1 were generated in a one-pot reaction by diastereoselective self-assembly, starting from ligands derived from L- and D-tartaric acid, respectively. Both structures were confirmed by X-ray structure analysis.
Variational Inference in Non-negative Factorial Hidden Markov Models for\n Efficient Audio Source Separation (2012)

The past decade has seen substantial work on the use of non-negative matrix\nfactorization and its probabilistic counterparts for audio source separation.\nAlthough able to capture audio spectral structure well, these models neglect\nthe non-stationarity and temporal dynamics that are important properties of\naudio. The recently proposed non-negative factorial hidden Markov model\n(N-FHMM) introduces a temporal dimension and improves source separation\nperformance. However, the factorial nature of this model makes the complexity\nof inference exponential in the number of sound sources. Here, we present a\nBayesian variant of the N-FHMM suited to an efficient variational inference\nalgorithm, whose complexity is linear in the number of sound sources. Our\nalgorithm performs comparably to exact inference in the original N-FHMM but is\nsignificantly faster. In typical configurations of the N-FHMM, our method\nachieves around a 30x increase in speed.\n
Some effects of target-induced scintillation on optical radar performance (1965)

The statistical performance of pulsed optical radars that use energy detection is considered. While the signal photoelectron statistics produced by a return from a specular target are Poisson, those produced by a return from a rough target are shown to be negative binomial. Radar performance is shown to depend on the number of spatial correlation cells of energy density observed by the receiving aperture, with performance generally deteriorating as the number of observed cells decreases. The physical factors influencing the number of observed correlation cells for the cases of partial and total interception of the transmitted beam are examined.
Hybrid Integration of n-MoS2/p-GaN Diodes by Quasi-van der Waals Epitaxy (2020)

Compound semiconductor heterojunctions have enabled various optoelectronic devices. Nonetheless, the formation of heterojunctions is limited by the lattice matching between the two materials. On the other hand, two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting material and three-dimensional (3D) material heterojunction has attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to its immunity to the lattice mismatch. However, 2D/3D heterojunction formation by transferring 2D material suffers from contamination and defects created during the transfer process. Thus, direct growth of 2D material on 3D semiconducting material is crucial for the next generation heterojunction devices. In this work, we demonstrate n-MoS2/p-GaN diodes monolithically formed by quasi-van der Waals epitaxy. Monolayer MoS2 has been grown on a GaN substrate through a powder-based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. The triangular MoS2 flakes show well-aligned morphology with the GaN hexagonal crystal structure in the initial stage of the growth. Raman and PL mapping confirms the excellent uniformity of the monolayer MoS2 film on the GaN substrate. The growth of MoS2 on patterned GaN substrates are also studied, which yields monolayer and few-layer MoS2 formation on the planar surface and the pyramidal sidewalls, respectively. Finally, the n-MoS2/p-GaN diodes have been electrically characterized and show well-defined rectifying behavior with an ideality factor of ∼1.3.
Forwarding Label support in CCN Protocol (2016)

The objective of this proposal is to enable application identifier
(AI) and network identifier (NI) split in the CCN protocol that has
several applications such as towards Interest routing optimization,
mobility, conversational session support, handling indirections in
manifests, and routing scalability. We enable this through the notion
of forwarding label object (FLO), which is an optional hop-by- hop
payload in the Interest message with a topological name which
identifies a network domain, router or a host. FLO can be inserted by
the end user applications or by the network. FLO is processed by the
network resulting in either terminating it or swapping it with a new
FLO based on the network service context. Furthermore, depending on
the application and trust context, a FLO can be subjected to policy
based actions by the forwarders such as invoking security verification
or enabling other FLO management actions.
Gold and silver nanoparticles conjugated with heparin derivative possess anti-angiogenesis properties (2009)

Silver and gold nanoparticles display unique physical and biological properties that have been extensively studied for biological and medical applications. Typically, gold and silver nanoparticles are prepared by chemical reductants that utilize excess toxic reactants, which need to be removed for biological purposes. We utilized a clean method involving a single synthetic step to prepare metal nanoparticles for evaluating potential effects on angiogenesis modulation. These nanoparticles were prepared by reducing silver nitrate and gold chloride with diaminopyridinyl (DAP)-derivatized heparin (HP) polysaccharides. Both gold and silver nanoparticles reduced with DAPHP exhibited effective inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2)-induced angiogenesis, with an enhanced anti-angiogenesis efficacy with the conjugation to DAPHP (P<0.01) as compared to glucose conjugation. These results suggest that DAPHP-reduced silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles have potential in pathological angiogenesis accelerated disorders such as cancer and inflammatory diseases.
Scaling of Tg and reaction rate with film thickness in photoresist: A thermal probe study (2000)

A thermal probe technique, local thermal analysis, was used to measure the glass transition temperature (Tg) and reaction rate as a function of film thickness in chemically amplified photoresists. Using this technique, heat loss into a resist film was monitored as the temperature of the probe was ramped from ambient to temperatures as high as 200 °C. The thermal events, glass transition temperature or heat evolved during reaction, were recorded as a function of the probe temperature. The Tg of the photoresists UVN 30, UV6, UV3, KRS, and KRS-XE was measured for thick films and for ultrathin films approximately 50 nm thick. The measured Tg in ultrathin resist films was 4–22 °C higher relative to that measured in thick films. We also investigated the behavior of polyhydroxystyrene films, and found that crosslinking to the substrate can increase Tg by a large amount. The photoresist films were then exposed with x-ray radiation at the same dose (950 mJ/cm2) for both thick and ultrathin films to ensure a constant photogenerated acid concentration with thickness. The exposed areas of the films were heated with the thermal probe, and an increase in heat flow into the exposure area, attributed to the heat of reaction, prior to the glass transition temperature was measured. Kinetic rate constants were estimated with data from the power supplied to the probe as a function of temperature using a first order reaction model. The results indicate that the rate of reaction in ultrathin resist films is smaller than in thicker films for resists processed at the same postexposure bake temperature. We find that Tg and reaction rate depend on film thickness in ultrathin photoresist films; the differences in these properties are expected to lead to large changes in the processing conditions used for ultrathin films relative to thick films.
Implantable and ingestible sensors for wireless physiological monitoring: A review (2017)

One of the latest applications of wireless biotelemetry is in the field of implantable and ingestible sensors. The former are implanted inside the human body by means of a surgical operation, while the latter are ingested, just like regular pills, and they perform a wide variety of diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Design of implantable and ingestible sensors brings forward several challenges, including miniaturization, powering, patient safety, performance evaluation, etc. Nevertheless, applications of such implantable and ingestible sensors are endless and very-fast growing, thus eliminating any concerns related to the aforementioned challenges and their invasive nature. With such attractive features in mind, this paper provides a review of implantable and ingestible sensors, by discussing the design challenges involved, and highlighting some of the medical applications.
Just Ask:An Interactive Learning Framework for Vision and Language Navigation (2019)

In the vision and language navigation task, the agent may encounter ambiguous situations that are hard to interpret by just relying on visual information and natural language instructions. We propose an interactive learning framework to endow the agent with the ability to ask for users' help in such situations. As part of this framework, we investigate multiple learning approaches for the agent with different levels of complexity. The simplest model-confusion-based method lets the agent ask questions based on its confusion, relying on the predefined confidence threshold of a next action prediction model. To build on this confusion-based method, the agent is expected to demonstrate more sophisticated reasoning such that it discovers the timing and locations to interact with a human. We achieve this goal using reinforcement learning (RL) with a proposed reward shaping term, which enables the agent to ask questions only when necessary. The success rate can be boosted by at least 15% with only one question asked on average during the navigation. Furthermore, we show that the RL agent is capable of adjusting dynamically to noisy human responses. Finally, we design a continual learning strategy, which can be viewed as a data augmentation method, for the agent to improve further utilizing its interaction history with a human. We demonstrate the proposed strategy is substantially more realistic and data-efficient compared to previously proposed pre-exploration techniques.
Synergistic Interaction within Bifunctional Ruthenium Nanoparticle/SILP Catalysts for the Selective Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenols (2015)

Abstract Ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on acid‐functionalized supported ionic liquid phases (Ru NPs@SILPs) act as efficient bifunctional catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic substrates under batch and continuous flow conditions. A synergistic interaction between the metal sites and acid groups within the bifunctional catalyst leads to enhanced catalytic activities for the overall transformation as compared to the individual steps catalyzed by the separate catalytic functionalities.
Protein Folding Sculpting Evolutionary Change (2009)

Our work suggests that the forces that govern protein folding exert a profound effect on how genotypes are translated into phenotypes and that this in turn has strong effects on evolutionary processes. Molecular chaperones, also known as "heat-shock proteins" (Hsps), promote the correct folding and maturation of many other proteins in the cell. Hsp90 is an abundant and highly specialized chaperone that works on a particularly interesting group of client proteins: metastable signal transducers that are key regulators of a broad spectrum of biological processes. Such proteins often have evolved to finish folding only when they have received a specific signal, such as the binding of a ligand or a posttranslational modification. Importantly, the folding of Hsp90 clients is particularly sensitive to changes in the external and internal environment of the cell. Therefore, Hsp90 is uniquely positioned to couple environmental contingencies to the evolution of new traits. Our work has helped to define two mechanisms by which Hsp90 might influence the acquisition of new phenotypes. First, by robustly maintaining signaling pathways, Hsp90 can buffer the effects of mutations in those pathways, allowing the storage of cryptic genetic variation that is released by stress. In this case, when the Hsp90 buffer is compromised by environmental stress, new traits appear. These traits can also be assimilated, so that they become manifest even in the absence of stress, when genetic recombination and selection enrich causative variants in subsequent generations. Second, Hsp90 can potentiate the effects of genetic variation, allowing new mutations to produce immediate phenotypes. In this case, when Hsp90 function is compromised, new traits are lost. These traits can also be assimilated, so that they are maintained under environmental stress, but this is achieved through new mutations. We have discovered these powerful evolutionary mechanisms in fruit flies, mustard plants, and fungi, but expect them to operate in all eukaryotes. Another line of work relating protein folding to the evolution of new traits involves protein-based hereditary elements known as prions. These produce changes in phenotype through heritable, self-perpetuating changes in protein conformation. Because changes in protein homeostasis occur with environmental stress, prions can be cured or induced by stress, creating heritable new phenotypes that depend on the genetic variation present in the organism. Both prions and Hsp90 provide plausible mechanisms for allowing genetic diversity and fluctuating environments to fuel the pace of evolutionary change. The multiple mechanisms by which protein folding can influence the evolution of new traits provide both a new paradigm for understanding rapid, stepwise evolution and a framework for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Low-voltage organic transistors for flexible electronics (2014)

A process for the fabrication of bottom-gate, top-contact (inverted staggered) organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) with channel lengths as short as 1 μm on flexible plastic substrates has been developed. The TFTs employ vacuum-deposited small-molecule semiconductors and a low-temperature-processed gate dielectric that is sufficiently thin to allow the TFTs to operate with voltages of about 3 V. The p-channel TFTs have an effective field-effect mobility of about 1 cm2/Vs, an on/off ratio of 107, and a signal propagation delay (measured in 11-stage ring oscillators) of 300 ns per stage. For the n-channel TFTs, an effective field-effect mobility of about 0.06 cm2/Vs, an on/off ratio of 106, and a signal propagation delay of 17 μs per stage have been obtained.