gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I study of the safety and activity of formulated IL-12 plasmid administered intraperitoneally in combination with standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced stage ovarian cancer. (2017)

155 Background: This study evaluated weekly intraperitoneal GEN-1, an IL-12 plasmid formulated with polyethyleneglycol-polyethyleneimine cholesterol lipopolymer, in combination with dose-dense weekly taxane (T) and carboplatinum (C) every 3 weeks in newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (EOC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAC). The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and safety of GEN-1 with NAC. Secondary objectives were objective clinical response and pathological complete response at interval debulking surgery (IDB). Methods: This protocol followed a standard 3+3 design. Patients received GEN-1 at escalating dose levels from 36 mg/m 2 , 47 mg/m 2 , 61 mg/m 2 , to 79 mg/m 2 weekly for 8 treatments with concurrent T/C. After IDB, patients did not receive further GEN-1 but continued on T/C. Patients were assessed for dose limiting toxicities (DLT) and had tumor samples at a time of diagnostic laparoscopy and IDB. Translational endpoints are yet to be analyzed. Patients are being followed for every 3 months for 2 years. Results: Fifteen patients were enrolled and 9 patients received all 8 treatments with no DLTs. The 79 mg/m 2 GEN-1 cohort of patients are actively being treated. Two patients were screen failures; 1 patient discontinued prior to GEN-1 administration due to port site infection. Most common related toxicities were Gr 1 nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, and vomiting. One patient experienced Gr 2 fevers associated with GEN-1 but responded to acetaminophen and fluids. One patient did not undergo IDB due to pulmonary embolism and severe deconditioning due to underlying cancer. Of the other 8 patients undergoing IDB: 3/8 had stable disease, 4/8 had partial responses (PR), and 1/8 had complete response (CR). There was 1 pathological CR, 3 micro PR, and 3 macro PR. All patients had a ≥ 89% drop in CA-125 following GEN-1. Conclusions: Adding GEN-1 to T/C is safe and appears to be active in NAC patients with newly diagnosed EOC. Updated results to be presented at meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT02480374.
Therapeutic effect of myogenic cells modified to express neurotrophic factors in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury. (2012)

Sciatic nerve injury may cause neurological deficits, particularly muscle weakness. Previous studies have shown that administration of neurotrophic factors (NTFs), naturally occurring proteins that support the development and survival of neurons, partially protected the damaged motor neuron in the injured sciatic nerve. In the current study, we have examined whether the administration of various combinations of transfected muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) populations, each expressing a single NTF (BDNF, GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF) or conditioned media of such culture are capable of rescuing motor neurons in culture or in vivo. We have found that the mixture of conditioned media collected from cultured myogenic cells (MPCs- MIX(+)) alleviated the toxic effect of exposure of the motor neuron cell line NSC34 to hypoxic environment. Furthermore, NTFs secreting cells transplantation, protected motor neurons in a unilateral rat sciatic nerve injury model: One day after the crush, rats underwent transplantation at the lesion site with rat myogenic cells expressing one of the four NTFs; a mixture of cells expressing all four NTFs (MPCs- MIX(+)), MPCs-GFP or PBS. We found that in rats injected with MPCs- MIX(+) the motor function was markedly preserved, compared to groups injected with cells secreting a single NTF, GFP or PBS. Transplantation of the MPCs- MIX(+) significantly inhibited the degeneration of the neuromuscular junctions and enhanced the survival of the myelinated motor axons. The injection of MPCs- MIX(+) preserved the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) as was demonstrated by motor nerve conduction studies. Our findings suggest that MPCs induced to secrete several NTFs can synergistically alleviate symptoms of sciatic nerve injury and perhaps other motor neuron disorders..
Two step capture and purification of IgG2 using multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) (2010)

A two-step chromatography process for monoclonal antibody (mAb) purification from clarified cell culture supernatant (cCCS) was developed using cation exchange Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) as a capture step. After an initial characterization of the cell culture supernatant the capture step was designed from a batch gradient elution chromatogram. A variety of chromatographic materials was screened for polishing of the MCSGP-captured material in batch mode. Using multi-modal anion exchange in bind-elute mode, mAb was produced consistently within the purity specification. The benchmark was a state-of-the-art 3-step chromatographic process based on protein A, anion and cation exchange stationary phases. The performance of the developed 2-step process was compared to this process in terms of purity, yield, productivity and buffer consumption. Finally, the potential of the MCSGP process was investigated by comparing its performance to that of a classical batch process that used the same stationary phase.
Optimization of Resonantly Cladding-Pumped Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers for Space-Borne Optical Communication Systems (2012)

Parametric numerical optimizations of multi-watt resonantly-pumped dual-clad EDFAs are modeled using a two-level propagation model modified to include LMA-fiber effects. Results indicate over 54% power-conversion efficiency using commercial fibers, and over 80% using custom fibers.
High pressure electroosmotic pump packed with uniform silica nanospheres (2005)

We report a novel electroosmotic pump fabricated on a plastic chip. Electroosmosis is one of electrokinetic phenomena and used as a precise liquid handling technique in some microfluidic devices. Electric double layer (EDL) between a channel wall and an electrolyte plays an important role in producing electroosmotic flow. When the net charge of EDL migrates, it carries the rest of the electrolyte due to the shear viscosity. The use of parallel narrow channels is a pathway to the more effective electroosmotic pumps since we can increase the net charge of EDL. We fabricated a plastic chip that confined uniform silica nanospheres within the channel, and tested its performance. We obtained the maximum flow rate 0.47 /spl mu/L/min and the maximum pressure 72 kPa when applied 3 kV to the electroosmotic pump.
Development of HDTV digital transmission system through satellite (1995)

A HDTV digital transmission system through satellite has been developed. This system has been designed to utilize QPSK modulation via a 36 MHz bandwidth Ku band transponder. Convolutional code and Reed-Solomon code are applied for the purpose of error protection. The system provides the transmission rate of 40 Mbps for video. A HDTV codec has been fabricated for the system. A transmission experiment has been carried out and gave excellent transmission performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multiphoton Ionization of Formaldehyde: Observation of 3py and 3pzRydberg States (1986)

Multiphoton ionization (MPI) of CH 2 O and CD 2 O is reported for dye laser wavelengths between 445 and 470 nm. The ionization pathway starts with three‐photon resonant absorption to 3 p y and 3 p z Rydberg states. One or two additional photons are required, depending on wavelength, to reach threshold. MPI spectra agree well with VUV absorption measurements of the same Rydberg levels. MPI yields are small and photoacoustic measurements imply the initial three‐photon excitation has low probability. Transitions at the four‐photon ionization threshold show larger cross sections than the (overall) five‐photon ionization bands but hot band transitions were not observed following selective vibrational excitation of ground state molecules.
Nanostructured electrode materials for Li-ion battery (2010)

Nanostructured materials have triggered a great excitement in recent times due to both fundamental interest as well as technological impact relevant for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Size reduction in nanocrystals leads to a variety of unexpected exciting phenomena due to enhanced surface-to-volume ratio and reduced transport length. We will consider a few examples of nanostructured electrode materials in the context of lithium batteries for achieving high storage and high rate performances: 1) LiFePO<sub>4</sub> nanoplates synthesized using solvothermal method could store Li-ions comparable to its theoretical capacity at C/10, while at 30C, they exhibit storage capacity up to 45 mAh/g. Size reduction (~30 nm) at the <i>b-axis</i> favors the fast Li-ion diffusion. In addition to this, uniform ~5 nm carbon coating throughout the plates provides excellent electronically conducting path for electrons. This nano architecture enables fast insertion/extraction of both Li-ions as well as electrons; 2) Mesporous-TiO<sub>2</sub> with high surface area (135m<sup>2</sup>/g) synthesized using soft-template method exhibits high volumetric density compared to commercial nanopowder (P25), with excellent Li-storage behavior. C16 meso-TiO<sub>2</sub> synthesized from CTAB exhibits reversible storage capacity of 288mAh/g at 0.2C and 109 mAh/g at 30C; 3) Zero strain Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> anode material has been synthesized using several wet chemical routes. The best condition has been optimized to achieve storage capability close to theoretical limit of 175mAh/g at C/10. At 10C, we could retain lithium storage up to 88 mAh/g; 4) We report our recent results on &alpha;-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and &gamma;-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> using conversion reaction, providing insight for a better storage capability in &gamma;-phase than the &alpha;-phase at 2C resulting solely from the nanocrystallinity.
Organic and aqueous synthesis of EC-DG for tumor glycolytic activity assessment (2006)

1838 Objectives: The aim was to evaluate 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (EC-DG) for assessment of tumor growth. Methods: EC-DG was synthesized by either organic reaction or water reaction. In organic reaction, both NH and SH groups of EC were protected with carbamate and benzyl, followed by conjugation to glucosamine acetate in the presence of carbodiimide (DCC). The protecting groups were de-protected by sodium and liquid ammonia. In water reaction, EC was directly conjugated to glucosamine in the presence of sulfo-N-hydroxysuccnimide and water soluble carbodiimide (EDAC). Proton- and C-13 NMR and elemental analysis of EC-DG were performed. EC-DG was then labeled with 99mTc- and 188Re in the presence of tin (II). In vitro thymidine incorporation and cell cycle assays of cold EC-DG and Re-EC-DG were conducted using lymphoma, lung and breast cancer cells. Biodistribution of 99mTc-EC-DG in breast bearing rats (0.5-4 hrs, 20 μCi/rat, iv) was used to estimate radiation absorbed dose. Rabbits inoculated with VX-2 cells were imaged with 99mTc-EC-DG. For therapeutic assessment studies, scintigraphic imaging studies with 99mTc-EC-DG in mammary tumor-bearing rats were conducted at various days after treatment with paclitaxel and cisplatin. To investigate mRNA expression, apoptosis and cell cycle changes in tumor, immunohistochemical assays and flow cytometry analysis were performed. Results: NMR (H-1 and C-13) and elemental analysis confirm the structure of EC-DG. No marked differences in radiolabeling efficiency (HPLC and radio-TLC) were observed between organic and aqueous synthesis of EC-DG. In vitro proliferation assays indicated that cell nuclei activity could be assessed by 99mTc- and 188Re-EC-DG. Cold Re-EC-DG showed significant tumoricidal activity compared to normal B-lymphocyte activity at the dose >0.17 μmol. Biodistribution studies showed that tumor-to-nontumor count density ratios were increased as a function of time. Scintigraphy of the tumor-bearing rabbits demonstrated the tumor could be clearly visualized. Immunohistochemical staining indicated reduced expression of bFGF and increased apoptosis and cell cycle changes after paclitaxel and cisplatin treatment. Conclusions: EC-DG could be synthesized by either aqueous or organic reactions. 99mTc- and 188Re-EC-DG could assess cell nuclei activity, and may be used for evaluation of tumor proliferation as well as therapeutic tumor response.
Reduction of Proliferating Olfactory Cells and Low Expression of Extracellular Matrix Genes Are Hallmarks of the Aged Olfactory Mucosa (2018)

<b>Background:</b> The incidence of olfactory impairment increases with age; however, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this increase are yet to be determined. <b>Methods:</b> We examined the influence of aging on olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which are maintained by a unique stem cell system, from olfactory progenitor cells to mature ORNs, by histological comparisons of the physiological status of the olfactory epithelium between young adult and aged mice. Furthermore, we clarified the expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophins, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying olfactory impairment caused by aging. <b>Results:</b> The numbers of mature and immature ORNs, but not olfactory progenitors, decreased in the aged olfactory epithelium, with a concurrent reduction in Ki-67-positive proliferating cells. Transcriptome analyses revealed an increase in <i>Il6</i>, encoding a component of senescence-associated secretary phenotypes (SASP), and a decrease in <i>Igf1</i>, encoding a growth factor for ORNs, in the aged nasal mucosa. Interestingly, expression levels of several extracellular matrix genes, including <i>Col1a2</i>, decreased in the aged nasal mucosa. Consistent with the transcriptional changes, the number of <i>Col1a2</i>-GFP-positive cells decreased in the aged lamina propria. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our data suggest that reduction in ORN number and cell proliferation, reduced extracellular matrix gene expression, and increased SASP contribute to olfactory impairment during aging.
Crystal structure of (1S,3S)-2-benzyl- 6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrobromide (1993)

Article Crystal structure of (1S,3S)-2-benzyl- 6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrobromide was published on November 1, 1993 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 207, issue 1-2).
Directing hair motion on Tangled (2011)

State-of-the-art simulation techniques can produce compelling and natural hair motion. In creating Disney's feature film Tangled, physically plausible motion was important but just one foundational component. The story contains an unprecedented amount of interaction of the hair with the characters, as well as a high level of art-direction. Through 2D "drawovers" the artistic vision was conveyed in an often very detailed way - how the hair should move, and what poses and silhouettes it should hit. Simulation alone is not sufficient when such a high degree of direction and interaction is required. We describe a hybrid approach leveraging the power of custom hair dynamics with the artistic control of key-framed animation that was key to the success of directing hair motion on Tangled.
Characterization technique for long optical fiber cavities based on beating spectrum of multi-longitudinal mode fiber laser and beating spectrum in the RF domain (2016)

The characterization of long fiber cavities is essential for many systems to predict the system practical performance. The conventional techniques for optical cavity characterization are not suitable for long fiber cavities due to the cavities’ small free spectral ranges and due to the length variations caused by the environmental effects. In this work, we present a novel technique to characterize long fiber cavities using multi-longitudinal mode fiber laser source and RF spectrum analyzer. The fiber laser source is formed in a ring configuration, where the fiber laser cavity length is chosen to be 15 km to ensure that the free spectral range is much smaller than the free spectral range of the characterized passive fiber cavities. The method has been applied experimentally to characterize ring cavities with lengths of 6.2 m and 2.4 km. The results are compared to theoretical predictions with very good agreement.
HacA-Dependent Transcriptional Switch Releases hacA mRNA from a Translational Block upon Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2009)

Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in eukaryotes involves the splicing of an unconventional intron from the mRNA encoding the transcriptional activator of the pathway. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae a 252-nucleotide (nt) unconventional intron is spliced out of the transcript of HAC1, changing the 3' end of the HAC1 open reading frame and relieving the transcript from a translational block in a single step. The translational block is caused by the base pairing of part of the unconventional intron with the 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR). In Aspergillus niger and other aspergilli, the unconventional intron in hacA mRNA is only 20 nt long. Since this intron is part of a stable stem-loop structure, base pairing with the 5'UTR, in contrast to the case with yeast HAC1, is not possible. However, analysis of the hacA mRNA revealed a GC-rich inverted repeat (18 base pairings). Upon the activation of the UPR, the 5'UTR of hacA mRNA is truncated by 230 nt, removing the left part of this inverted repeat. This implies a similar release of a translational block as in the case of S. cerevisiae HAC1 but in two steps. The mechanism behind the 5' truncation, which does not take place in either yeast HAC1 or mammalian xbp1 mRNA, has been hitherto unknown. Here we show that during secretion stress in A. niger, hacA transcription starts from a new start site closer to the ATG, relieving the transcript from translational attenuation. This transcriptional switch is mediated by HacA itself and the unfolded protein response element 2 (UPRE2) in the hacA promoter.
Double Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Enhances Anti-Tumor Activity After Transplant (2013)

Haploidentical (HI) HSCT with low dose donor T-cell infusion provides a survival advantage in tumor bearing mice when compared to parent F1 or MHC-matched transplant models. We suggest that MHC difference in HI-HSCT generates early T-cell clonal activation against the unshared MHC haplotype, which eliminates residual tumor cells that express the unshared MHC haplotype. However, alteration in MHC antigen expression is a significant contributor to tumor escape from graft-versus-tumor (GVT) activity. Recent haploidentical transplant data revealed that uniparental disomy, the loss of the HLA haplotype, is a clinically relevant mechanism of tumor escape that leads to post-transplant leukemia relapse. Murine renal cell carcinoma, RENCA cell line normally expresses only H2Kdas a MHC molecule. Therefore, in our haploidentical transplant model, T cell clonal activity is usually restricted against H2Kdmolecule only. For circumventing the single haplotype expression of tumor model, we transfected this cell line with a H2Kbexpressing vector, pAcGFP-NeoR-H2Kb, and generated stable clones with G418 selection. The clone that has more than 95% H2Kbexpression used for in vivo experiments. Both tumor cell lines, i.e. parental and transfected clone, had similar in vivo tumor growth acceptance and growth rate. We then used two different haploidentical donors that were targeting different MHC haplotypes. Lethally irradiated B6D2F1 (H2Kb/d) mice were transplanted with T cell depleted bone marrow (TCD-BM) from either B6C3F1 (H-2Kb/k) (single haplo-1; SH1), or C3D2F1 (H2Kk/d) (single haplo 2; SH2) or both donor mice with low-dose (1x105) T-cells. In some experiments, animals were also injected either H2Kdor H2Kb/d expressing RENCA-TGL cells for the evaluation of GVT activity Bone marrow (BM), spleens and thymi were harvested from recipients of single and double HI-HSCT at day 35 and showed similar cellularities. Interestingly, spleen and bone marrow had similar chimerism from both donors in DH-HSCT. There were no early transplant mortality, graft failure, weight loss and GVHD scoring difference among the double or single-haploidentical transplant recipients. In two other sets of experiments, we followed the tumor growth and the survival of tumor bearing mice after transplant. The recipients of DH-HSCT showed a better survival and GVT activity than the recipients of SH-HSCT in RENCA-TGL (H2Kb/d) bearing tumor model. These observations confirmed that MHC targeting plays a prominent role in tumor surveillance, and immune targeting the unshared MHC haplotype with haploidentical transplant induce remarkable survival advantage.
Index selection for databases: a hardness study and a principled heuristic solution (2004)

We study the index selection problem: Given a workload consisting of SQL statements on a database, and a user-specified storage constraint, recommend a set of indexes that have the maximum benefit for the given workload. We present a formal statement for this problem and show that it is computationally "hard" to solve or even approximate it. We develop a new algorithm for the problem which is based on treating the problem as a knapsack problem. The novelty of our approach lies in an LP (linear programming) based method that assigns benefits to individual indexes. For a slightly modified algorithm, that does more work, we prove that we can give instance specific guarantees about the quality of our solution. We conduct an extensive experimental evaluation of this new heuristic and compare it with previous solutions. Our results demonstrate that our solution is more scalable while achieving comparable quality.
The Role of the Interactions Between the Primary Jets and the Recirculation Zone of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor on Pollutant Emissions (2005)

The present work investigates the effect of utilizing transverse air jets as well as its interactions with the recirculation zone on pollutant emission characteristics at different jet locations, jet mass ratios, and overall equivalence ratio. A multiple gas analyzer based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed to measure emissions concentrations generated during combustion of Jet-A fuel in a swirl-cup assembly. The goal of this study is to provide more insight into nitric oxides and carbon monoxide production within the primary zone of a highly swirling combustion and methods to reduce its formation. The results reveal the possibility of injecting air into the recirculation zone without altering the flame stability. Besides, depending on the jet location and strength, nitric oxides as well as carbon monoxide can be reduced simultaneously. Placing the primary air jet just downstream of the rich fuel recirculation zone can lead to 40% reduction in both nitric oxides and carbon monoxide. While in the case of recirculation zones in the lean side of stoichiometry, reduction of nitric oxides can occur if the air jets are placed just 1 inch above the swirler exit.
Scandium Triflate-Catalyzed N-[18F]Fluoroalkylation of Aryl- Or Heteroaryl-Amines with [18F]Epifluorohydrin under Mild Conditions (2022)

The scandium triflate-catalyzed <i>N</i>-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroalkylation of aryl- or heteroaryl-amines with [<sup>18</sup>F]epifluorohydrin ([<sup>18</sup>F]<b>2</b>) was investigated. This reaction is mild and provides one-step access to <i>N</i>-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroalkylated aryl- or heteroaryl-amines, which are used for positron emission tomography imaging. The use of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as a cosolvent improved the reaction efficiency. The use of (<i>S</i>)- and (<i>R</i>)-[<sup>18</sup>F]<b>2</b> produced the corresponding enantiomeric <i>N</i>-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroalkylated anilines.