gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clean, efficient syntheses of cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) and tris-(O-allyl)CTV in an ionic liquid (2000)

Cyclic cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) type supramolecular host compounds are traditionally synthesized under harsh dehydrating conditions and require the use of large quantities of organic solvent in the reaction workup. We now report both solvent-free and ionic liquid reaction media in efficient ‘green’ syntheses of CTVs under mild conditions. The ionic liquid tributylhexylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (N6444 Imide) provides a safe, non-volatile reaction medium that is readily recycled. This methodology obviates the need for the use of large quantities of organic solvent and strong dehydrating acids yet provides pure crystalline product in high yields. Unlike most traditional synthetic routes to these compounds extensive recrystallisation or chromatographic steps are avoided and the molten salt reaction medium is readily recovered. Interestingly, condensation also occurs under ambient conditions on grinding of solid benzyl alcohol monomers with a suitable solid acid to afford the corresponding CTV. Ionic liquids have, as yet, been little explored as reaction media or solvents yet these offer significant advantages over volatile (and often toxic) organic solvents. Human exposure to potentially harmful vapours is obviated and recycling of the ionic liquid reaction medium significantly reduces waste generated. The procedures described here serve to extend the use of ionic liquids as reaction media.
Proton-Induced Chirality: Proton Complexation in the Chiral Cryptand 222-2H+ Dication Isolated from a Liquid Clathrate Medium (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton-Induced Chirality: Proton Complexation in the Chiral Cryptand 222-2H+ Dication Isolated from a Liquid Clathrate MediumLeonard R. MacGillivray and Jerry L. AtwoodCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 16, 4972–4973Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00121a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00121a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mass Spectrometry and Imaging Analysis of Nanoparticle-Containing Vesicles Provide a Mechanistic Insight into Cellular Trafficking (2014)

Rational design of nanocarriers for drug delivery approaches requires an unbiased knowledge of uptake mechanisms and intracellular trafficking pathways. Here we dissected these processes using a quantitative proteomics approach. We isolated intracellular vesicles containing superparamagnetic iron oxide polystyrene nanoparticles and analyzed their protein composition by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. The proteomic snapshot of organelle marker proteins revealed that an atypical macropinocytic-like mechanism mediated the entry of nanoparticles. We show that the entry mechanism is controlled by actin reorganization, atypical macropinocytic signaling, and ADP-ribosylation factor 1. Additionally, our proteomics data demonstrated a central role for multivesicular bodies and multilamellar lysosomes in trafficking and final nanoparticle storage. This was confirmed by confocal microscopy and cryo-TEM measurements. By quantitatively analyzing the protein composition of nanoparticle-containing vesicles, our study clearly defines the routes of nanoparticle entry, intracellular trafficking, and the proteomic milieu of a nanoparticle-containing vesicle.
Towards design and optimization of scintillation-detector systems: A Monte-Carlo simulation framework (2010)

A complete simulation framework that combines Monte Carlo simulation with the digital-signal-processing algorithms developed in-house is presented for designing and optimizing scintillation detector systems. The framework covers basic components of a practical scintillation detector system and includes all relevant physical processes. With the complete simulation individual physical factors that can affect the performance of a detector system, such as detector geometry, surface finishing, decay time and scintillation yield of scintillator as well as responses of photodetector and front-end electronics, can be taken into account. As a demonstration of the simulation framework, the light collections of plastic (EJ200), NaI(Tl) and BGO scintillators with different surface types have been simulated as a function of the reflectivity of a diffuse reflector. Optical simulations were further performed to investigate the homogeneity of light transportation and detection in plastic scintillators with different surface finishing properties and coupled to one or two PMT(s). Finally, detector signals simulated for a NaI(Tl) detector have been compared with measured mean pulses. The simulated signal can be further digitized and used as input of digital signal processing.
Recovering 3D shape and motion from image streams using nonlinear least squares (2002)

A shape and motion estimation algorithm based on nonlinear least squares applied to the tracks of features through time is presented. While the authors' approach requires iteration, it quickly converges to the desired solution, even in the absence of a priori knowledge about the shape or motion. Important features of the algorithm include its ability to handle partial point tracks and true perspective, its ability to use line segment matches and point matches simultaneously, and its use of an object-centered representation for faster and more accurate structure and motion recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Association with Calcium Oxalate Crystal Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in Kidneys (2014)

Results indicate a role for reactive oxygen species in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via TXNIP. This led to a robust inflammatory response in the kidneys of rats with hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
Fatty Acid Analysis Tool (FAAT):  An FT-ICR MS Lipid Analysis Algorithm (2006)

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is becoming an established tool for the investigation of lipids. As the methods for lipid analysis become more mature and their throughput increases, computer algorithms for the interpretation of such data will become a necessity. Toward this end, an algorithm dedicated to the analysis of Fourier transform mass spectral data from lipid extracts has been developed. The algorithm, Fatty Acid Analysis Tool, termed FAAT, has been successfully used to investigate complex lipid extracts containing thousands of components, from various species of mycobacteria including M. tuberculosis and M. abscessus. FAAT is rapid, generally taking tens of seconds to interpret multiple spectra, and accessible to most users as it is implemented in Microsoft Excel Visual Basic Software. In the reduction of data, FAAT begins by scaling spectra (i.e., to account for dilution factors), identifying monoisotopic ions, and assigning isotope packets. Unique features of FAAT include the following: (1) overlapping saturated and unsaturated lipid species can be distinguished, (2) known ions are assigned from a user-defined library including species that possess methylene heterogeneity, (3) and isotopic shifts from stable isotope labeling experiments are identified and assigned (up to a user-defined maximum). In addition, abundance differences between samples grown under normal and stressed conditions can be determined. In the analysis of mycobacterial lipid extracts, FAAT has successfully identified isotopic shifts from incorporation of 15N in M. abscessus. Additionally, FAAT has been used to successfully determine differences in lipid abundances between M. tuberculosis wild-type and mutant strains.
Reducing aerofoil–turbulence interaction noise through chordwise-varying porosity (2020)

Abstract
Abstract P010: D 1 R And D 5 R And Their Role In The Etiology Of Inverse Salt Sensitivity Of Blood Pressure (2020)

Cardiovascular studies show increased morbidity and mortality in individuals consuming low sodium diets as well as high salt diets. The incidence of salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SS) in normotensives is approximately 18%, causing similar mortality and morbidity as hypertensives. Paradoxically, approximately 15% of normotensives demonstrate an increase in blood pressure on low sodium diets, known as inverse salt sensitivity (ISS). However, little is known about the morbidity and mortality associated with ISS, let alone the mechanisms behind this condition. Since dopamine regulates up to 75% of renal sodium handling, we hypothesized that the dopamine 1 and 5 receptors (D1R, D5R) were involved with the etiology of ISS. Using renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) isolated from salt diet participant’s urine exposed to 90 mM salt (NaCl) (2 hr), we demonstrated reduced binding of the non-cell permeable D1-like antagonist (D1R and D5R) bodipy-530 SKF83566 (Fl-SKF) in the ISS RPTC when compared to salt resistant (SR) RPTC (ISS -13.9 ± 3.8% vs SR -1.1 ± 3.2%, n=12, p&lt;0.05, t-test). Incubation in 190 mM NaCl for 2 hours and overnight (ON) increased Fl-SKF binding only in the ISS RPTCs but not the SR RPTC when compared to 140 mM NaCl (NS) (ISS 2 Hours +16.6 ± 6.2% and ISS ON +12.0 ± 2.8%, n=12, p&lt;0.05 vs NS, t-test). ON incubation in 90 mM NaCl reduced Fl-SKF binding in both ISS and SR RPTC (ISS -15.2 ± 2.9% and SR -16.3 ± 2.3%, n=12, p&lt;0.01, vs NS, t-test), and this effect was completely blocked by co-incubation with the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist losartan (LOS, 1 uM). The decrease in Fl-SKF binding in 90 mM NaCl was attributed to the D5R, and an increase in FL-SKF binding in 190 mM NaCl was verified to be due to an increase in plasma membrane D1R expression using antibodies directed to extracellular epitopes. A D5R specific monoclonal antibody developed in-house binds to the third extracellular loop of this receptor in order to measure these receptors selectively. Continued studies will be conducted with these cell lines with D1R and D5R knocked down to determine specific roles these receptors have in the novel ISS phenotype.
Dynamic adsorption of ammonia: apparatus, testing conditions, and adsorption capacities (2017)

There is a growing need for adsorbents with high capacities for adsorption of toxic gas molecules. Methods and conditions to test these materials introduce large discrepancies and overestimates (~90%) in the reported literature. This study describes a simple apparatus utilizing hand-held inexpensive gas sensors for testing adsorbents and hybrid adsorbent materials, explains possible sources for the observed discrepancies based on how the measurements are made, and provides guidelines for accurate measurements of adsorption capacity. Ammonia was the model gas and Ammonasorb™ activated carbon was the model commercial adsorbent. Inlet ammonia concentration, residence time, adsorbent pre-treatment (baking) and humidity, affected the measured adsorption capacities. Results suggest that the time lag in gas detection sensors leads to overestimated capacities. Monitoring both inlet and outlet concentrations using two calibrated sensors solved this issue. There was a direct relationship between adsorption capacity and residence time and capacities were higher at higher inlet concentrations. The size of the adsorbent particles did not show a significant effect on adsorption breakthrough, and the apparatus was able to quantify how humidity reduced the adsorption capacity.
Advanced FIB mask repair technology for 100-nm/ArF lithography: II (2003)

Photomask is a key factor to support the lithography technology. Defect repairing technology has become more important than ever to keeping the photomasks' integrity in the manufacturing processes. The SIR5000 is a photomask defect repair system for ArF/90 nm generation lithography. In this work, the repaired masks by the SIR5000 were evaluated by an Aerial Imaging Microscope System (AIMS) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). These test results do not show actual printing condition on wafer, but rather a simulated lithography image. In this paper, we present the imaging damage, the edge placement repeatability, the repair area's transmission and the printing performance on wafer. An ArF scanner was employed for the tests on the imaging damage and the printing performance. The transmission of imaged area is more than 95% after 70 scanning frames. The edge placement has shown the 90 nm node repair capability. The transmission of repaired area is no issue by AIMS193 analysis. The actual printing result on wafer has shown there is no printing issue. The SIR5000 is well suited for ArF generation lithography.
Phase II Randomized Trial of Sequential or Concurrent FOLFOXIRI-Bevacizumab Versus FOLFOX-Bevacizumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (STEAM) (2018)

cFOLFOXIRI-BEV and sFOLFOXIRI-BEV were well tolerated with numerically improved ORR, PFS, and liver resection rates versus FOLFOX-BEV, supporting triplet chemotherapy plus BEV as a first-line treatment option for mCRC<b>.</b> IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The combination of first-line FOLFIRI with FOLFOX and bevacizumab (concurrent FOLFOXIRI-BEV) improves clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) relative to FOLFIRI-BEV or FOLFOX-BEV, but it is thought to be associated with increased toxicity. Alternating treatment of FOLFOX and FOLFIRI (sequential FOLFOXIRI-BEV) could improve tolerability. In the phase II STEAM trial, which is the largest study of FOLFOXIRI-BEV in patients in the U.S., it was found that both concurrent and sequential FOLFOXIRI-BEV are active and well tolerated in patients with previously untreated mCRC, supporting the use of these regimens as potential first-line treatment options for this population.
Abstract LB-40: Inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of melanoma cell lines using Riluzole in combination with PI3 kinase pathway inhibitors (2010)

Abstract We previously reported that the majority of human melanomas express metabotrophic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1), a cell surface glutamate receptor. We recently completed a Phase 0 trial of Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, in patients with advanced melanoma and showed a clinical response of 34%. We have also shown that Riluzole, can effectively block invasion and migration of melanoma cells in vitro. In our in vitro studies it was observed that the efficacy of Riluzole treatment on anchorage independent growth was attenuated in melanoma lines harboring activated BRAF/NRAS mutations or a PTEN deletion. We have continued our pre-clinical studies by further examining the effects of Riluzole in combination with inhibitors of specific signaling molecules of the PI3 kinase pathway. Specifically, we tested the AKT inhibitor API-2 and the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin. These inhibitors were used alone or with Riluzole on C8161 (grm1+, braf/nraswt, ptenwt), HT144(GRM1+, BRAFV600E, PTENdel) SKMEL-2(grm1+, nrasq61r) and UACC930(grm1-,brafv600e, ptendel) melanoma cell lines. When treating the GRM1+ cell lines with the individual agents, there was a moderate reduction in the number of colonies relative to the control. However, the combination of Riluzole with API-2 or Rapamycin had a more robust reduction in colony formation. This inhibition was not observed in the GRM1- UACC930 melanoma line where Riluzole in combination with either API-2 or Rapamycin did not induce a significant decrease in colony formation over single treatment with either agent. In addition to the effect on the number of colonies, the combinational treatments had a significant inhibitory effect on the size of the colonies relative to single agent treatments. The monolayer growth assays also demonstrated increased inhibition of growth with the combinational treatments versus single agent treatments. We conclude that the combination of glutamate signaling blockade combined with inhibition of PI3K signaling with either Rapamycin or API-2 is more effective at inhibiting GRM1 expressing melanoma cell proliferation than treatment with any of the agents alone. Combination therapy with Riluzole and either Rapamycin or API-2 may prove a more effective therapy than Riluzole alone in patients with melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-40.
Optical Nanoantenna Input Impedance (2016)

Optical nanoantennas have been studied as a means to manipulate nanoscale fields, local field enhancements, radiative rates, and emissive directional control. However, a fundamental function of antennas, the transfer of power between a coupled load and far-field radiation, has seen limited development in optical antennas owing largely to the inherent challenges of extracting impedance parameters from fabricated designs. As the transitional element between radiating fields and loads, the impedance is the requisite information for describing, and designing optimally, both emissive (transmitting) and absorptive (receiving) nanoantennas. Here we present the first measurement of an optical nanoantenna input impedance, demonstrating impedance multiplication in folded dipoles at infrared frequencies. This quantification of optical antenna impedance provides the long sought enabling step for a systematic approach to improve collection efficiencies and control of the overall antenna response.
Alkylation of calf thymus DNA with reductively activated mitomycin C. (1981)

Mitomycin C (MMC) was catalytically reduced in the presence of a nucleotide or calf thymus DNA. Reaction with 5'-guanylic acid (5'-GMP) gave 1,2-cis-2, 7-diamino-1-(5'-guanylyl) mitosene. Reaction with calf thymus DNA gave modified DNA, which on enzymatic hydrolysis gave two alkylated 5'-deoxyguanylic acid (MG-1 and MG-2) and an alkylated 5'-deoxyadenylic acid (MA). This is the first example of isolation of nucleotides from DNA modified by MMC.
Selective Antagonism of GABAA Receptor Subtypes: An In Vivo Approach to Exploring the Therapeutic and Side Effects of Benzodiazepine–Type Drugs (2005)

Benzodiazepines (BZs) are clinically used as anxiolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and antispasmodic drugs. Research using transgenic mouse models has suggested that the effects of BZs involve multiple subtypes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor, identified by specific a subunits (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha5). This review discusses the experimental uses of b-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (betaCCT), a drug that binds preferentially to the GABAA alpha1 subtype but exerts no action (ie, is a pharmacologic antagonist at the GABAA alpha1 subtype receptor). betaCCT blocks the anxiolytic-like effects of BZs, although studies in primates suggests this antagonism may reflect multiple receptor populations. betaCCT antagonized the ataxic but not muscle relaxant effects of BZs, a finding that implicates the GABAA alpha1 subtype receptor in ataxia but not muscle relaxation. The potential clinical utility of betaCCT is discussed, both in terms of treatment (ie, hepatic encephalopathy) and as a diagnostic imaging agent. Altogether, these results indicate that subtype-selective antagonists represent a useful approach to studying receptor mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of BZ-type drugs.
Multiprocessor file system interfaces (2002)

The difficulties faced when using the conventional (UNIX-like) interface in parallel applications are described. Ways to extend the conventional interface to provide convenient access to the file for parallel programs, while retaining the traditional interface for programs that have no need to explicitly parallel file access, are described. The interface includes a single naming scheme, a multiopen operation, local and global file pointers, mapped file pointers, logical records, multifiles, and logical coercion for backward compatibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adenylate cyclase and acetylcholine release regulated by separate serotonin receptors of somatic cell hybrids. (1979)

Serotonin activates adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] of NCB-20 neuroblastoma--brain hybrid cells with an activation constant of 530 nM, but has little or no effect on cellular cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP content of NIE-115 neuroblastoma or NG108-15 hybrid cells. In homogenates of NCB-20 hybrid cells, lysergic acid diethylamide stimulates adenylate cyclase activity (Kact = 12 nM) and partially inhibits (Ki = 10 nM) the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by serotonin. No desensitization was detected of serotonin receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase. Serotonin also depolarizes NCB-20, NG108-15, and NIE-115 cells and increases acetylcholine release. Serotonin receptors mediating depolarizing responses desensitize rapidly and reversibly, and the depolarizing effects of serotonin are neither mimicked nor inhibited by lysergic acid diethylamide. These results indicate that (i) NCB-20 cells possess at least two species of serotonin receptors, which independently regulate cellular functions, (ii) activation of adenylate cyclase does not directly affect membrane potential or acetylcholine release, and (iii) serotonin-dependent cell depolarization does not affect cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP synthesis in the cell lines tested.
C-8 Altitude Change Measurement Using Pressure Change Sensor (2015)

We propose a precise altitude change measurement method by sensor fusion of sensitive pressure change sensor, which is based on MEMS differential pressure sensor, and commonly used pressure sensor. Precision of the fused pressure measurement was as high as 0.1 Pa. We measured the pressure change during walking up stairs.