gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde with enkephalins for LC-fluorescence and lc-ms analysis: Conformational studies by molecular modeling and H/D Exchange mass spectrometry (2007)

A new labeling method compatible with both laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and MS detection for enkephalins, which uses naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) and a new nucleophilic agent (N,N-dimethylaminoethanethiol) is described. When the derivative is separated via reverse phase HPLC and detected via MS, two different peaks with similar exact mass but different fluorescence and fragmentation properties are obtained. To interpret these results, molecular modeling and H/D exchange mass spectrometry studies were investigated to test the hypothesis that the peak obtained by LC/LIF/MS analysis depends on the site of protonation of the labeled enkephalins. The peptides labeled with NDA and N,N-dimethylaminoethanethiol were separated on a reverse phase C18 column with a gradient of aqueous 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. In mass spectrometry, two peaks are observed with the same exact mass for each molecule while only one peak is detected using fluorescence. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments of ion m/z 809.5 were performed on each chromatographic peak; the first peak (which is not observed by LIF detection) gives a fragment corresponding to the loss of the aminothiol side chain while no fragmentation is observed on the second peak, which was detected by fluorescence. The hypothesis is that each peak represents the labeled enkephalin with different sites of protonation. According to this hypothesis, three fundamental conformations that were closed to the unlabeled leucine-enkephalin were obtained by molecular modeling: a beta-turn like conformation with two hydrogen bonds, a 3(10)-helix with an H bond, and finally, the extended form without any intramolecular interactions. H/D exchange mass spectrometry experiments with D(2)O and d(2-)formic acid as eluent was used to determine which conformation is involved in each peak.
Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Long-term Maternal Mortality (2008)

Samuels-Kalow, M.E.; Funai, E.F.; Buhimschi, C.; Norwitz, E.; Perrin, M.; Calderon-Margalit, R.; Deutsch, L.; Paltiel, O.; Friedlander, Y.; Manor, O.; Harlap, S. Author Information
Unknown Multiple Narrow-Band Disturbance Rejection in Hard Disk Drives: An Adaptive Notch Filter and Perfect Disturbance Observer Approach (2010)

In this paper, an adaptive control scheme is developed to reject unknown multiple narrow-band disturbances in a hard disk drive. An adaptive notch filter is developed to efficiently estimate the frequencies of the disturbance. Based on the correctly estimated parameters, a disturbance observer with a newly designed multiple band-pass filter is constructed to achieve asymptotic perfect rejection of the disturbance. Evaluation of the control scheme is performed on a benchmark problem for HDD track following.
Spain (1986)

Over the period 1974–83 the total population has increased by 3,026,000 to 38,173,000, a percentage increase of 8.6 (Table 14.1). Within this total, there are approximately 3.7 per cent more females than males, with the latter accounting for 50.9 per cent of the total population (1983).
Impact of Vacancy Diffusion on Horizontal Pore Channeling in Porous Silicon with Macropores during Annealing at a Constant High Temperature (2009)

The impact of vacancy diffusion on the dynamics of pore growth in silicon under stress during high temperature annealing is studied. An analogy is made with void growth by stress induced diffusive mass transfer in Al interconnection lines. Three analytical models in which the stress is constant with time, relaxing with void growth or related to an ultimate mass transfer are investigated. It is found that stress induced diffusion leads to small to moderate pore expansion but cannot be responsible of significant macropore channeling between neighboring pores (pore coalescence) in porous silicon subjected to reasonable thermal annealing budgets, except if the stress in the material is excessively high.
Optical MEMS Based on High-Reflectivity Photonic Crystals (2007)

Interference between propagating waves and crystal modes determines transmission and reflection of 2-D Photonic Crystals. This effect enables spectral synthesis and numerous optical devices, including MEMS scanners with PC reflectors and fiber-optic acoustic sensors.
Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate through Ionizing Radiation in CO2-Based Dense Systems. (2000)

Herein, we report the use of ionizing radiation to induce a dispersion polymerization reaction in dense CO2. As a model system, the polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of poly(dimethylsiloxane) stabilizers was investigated. It was demonstrated that the dose plays the key role in the progress of the reaction and in the morphology of the resulting polymer. Dispersion polymerization carried out in the presence of mono- and bifunctionalized surfactants gave differently structured polymers. The polymers obtained have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, solubility tests, and gel permeation chromatography, and the molecular structure has been related to dynamic mechanical behavior in the melt state.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Novel α‐Amino Acids with β‐Branched Side Chains. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The 2018 ISDE achalasia guidelines (2018)

Achalasia is a relatively rare primary motor esophageal disorder, characterized by absence of relaxations of the lower esophageal sphincter and of peristalsis along the esophageal body. As a result, patients typically present with dysphagia, regurgitation and occasionally chest pain, pulmonary complication and malnutrition. New diagnostic methodologies and therapeutic techniques have been recently added to the armamentarium for treating achalasia. With the aim to offer clinicians and patients an up-to-date framework for making informed decisions on the management of this disease, the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus Guidelines proposed and endorsed the Esophageal Achalasia Guidelines (I-GOAL). The guidelines were prepared according the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE-REX) tool, accredited for guideline production by NICE UK. A systematic literature search was performed and the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations were graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Given the relative rarity of this disease and the paucity of high-level evidence in the literature, this process was integrated with a three-step process of anonymous voting on each statement (DELPHI). Only statements with an approval rate >80% were accepted in the guidelines. Fifty-one experts from 11 countries and 3 representatives from patient support associations participated to the preparations of the guidelines. These guidelines deal specifically with the following achalasia issues: Diagnostic workup, Definition of the disease, Severity of presentation, Medical treatment, Botulinum Toxin injection, Pneumatic dilatation, POEM, Other endoscopic treatments, Laparoscopic myotomy, Definition of recurrence, Follow up and risk of cancer, Management of end stage achalasia, Treatment options for failure, Achalasia in children, Achalasia secondary to Chagas' disease.
Ionizing Radiation Down-regulates p53 Protein in Primary Egr-1−/− Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Causing Enhanced Resistance to Apoptosis (2001)

In this study, we sought to investigate the mechanism of the proapoptotic function of Egr-1 in relation to p53 status in normal isogenic cell backgrounds by using primary MEF cells established from homozygous (Egr-1(-/-)) and heterozygous (Egr-1(+/-)) Egr-1 knock-out mice. Ionizing radiation caused significantly enhanced apoptosis in Egr-1(+/-) cells (22.8%; p < 0.0001) when compared with Egr-1(-/-) cells (3.5%). Radiation elevated p53 protein in Egr-1(+/-) cells in 3-6 h. However, in Egr-1(-/-) cells, the p53 protein was down-regulated 1 h after radiation and was completely degraded at the later time points. Radiation elevated the p53-CAT activity in Egr-1(+/-) cells but not in Egr-1(-/-) cells. Interestingly, transient overexpression of EGR-1 in p53(-/-) MEF cells caused marginal induction of radiation-induced apoptosis when compared with p53(+/+) MEF cells. Together, these results indicate that Egr-1 may transregulate p53, and both EGR-1 and p53 functions are essential to mediate radiation-induced apoptosis. Rb, an Egr-1 target gene, forms a trimeric complex with p53 and MDM2 to prevent MDM2-mediated p53 degradation. Low levels of Rb including hypophosphorylated forms were observed in Egr-1(-/-) MEF cells before and after radiation when compared with the levels observed in Egr-1(+/-) cells. Elevated amounts of the p53-MDM2 complex and low amounts of Rb-MDM-2 complex were observed in Egr-1(-/-) cells after radiation. Because of a reduction in Rb binding to MDM2 and an increase in MDM2 binding with p53, p53 is directly degraded by MDM2, and this leads to inactivation of the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway in Egr-1(-/-) MEF cells. Thus, the proapoptotic function of Egr-1 may involve the mediation of Rb protein that is essential to overcome the antiapoptotic function of MDM2 on p53.
COTAF: Convergent Over-the-Air Federated Learning (2020)

Federated learning (FL) is a framework for distributed learning of centralized models. In FL, a set of edge devices train a model using their local data, while repeatedly exchanging their trained model with a central server, allowing to tune a global model without having the users share their possibly private data. A major challenge in FL is to reduce the bandwidth and energy consumption due to the repeated transmissions of large volumes of data by a large number of users over the wireless channel. Recently, over-the-air (OTA) FL has been suggested to achieve this goal. In this setting, all users transmit their data signal simultaneously over a Multiple Access Channel (MAC), and the computation is done over the wireless channel. In this paper, we develop a novel convergent OTA FL (COTAF) algorithm, which induces precoding and scaling upon transmissions to gradually mitigate the effect of the noisy channel, thus facilitating FL convergence. We analyze the convergence of COTAF to the loss minimizing model theoretically, showing its ability to achieve a convergence rate similar to that achievable over error-free channels. Our simulations demonstrate the improved convergence of COTAF for training using non-synthetic datasets.
Recent advancements in multiband IR sensor windows (2012)

We have developed several rugged materials for multiband applications in the 0.2-12.0 &#956;m wavelength region. These materials include spinel ceramic and barium gallogermanate (BGG) glass which transmit in the UV, visible, SWIR and MWIR wavelength region. They also include MILTRAN<sup>TM</sup> and IR glasses which transmit in the SWIR, MWIR and LWIR. These materials have superior mechanical and optical properties compared to the currently used materials on various Navy / DoD systems. Spinel ceramic is comparable to sapphire in its ruggedness but it overcomes the birefringence and poor 4-5 &mu;m transmission of sapphire. Spinel has also been made into large size windows as well as domes for several applications. BGG glass is very useful for systems requiring very large windows with visible - MWIR transmission. High optical quality BGG glass windows in sizes up to 20" in diameter have been made. MILTRAN<sup>TM</sup> is &gt; 3 times harder and stronger than ZnS and can provide a rugged window or dome for broadband sensors. IR glass can be easily made in complex shapes. BGG glass and spinel ceramic laminated dome was developed for tri-mode seeker. MILTRAN<sup>TM</sup> and IR glasses can be combined to make achromats for multispectral imaging systems.
Evaluation and refinement of a field‐portable drinking water toxicity sensor utilizing electric cell–substrate impedance sensing and a fluidic biochip (2014)

The US Army's need for a reliable and field-portable drinking water toxicity sensor was the catalyst for the development and evaluation of an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) device. Water testing technologies currently available to soldiers in the field are analyte-specific and have limited capabilities to detect broad-based water toxicity. The ECIS sensor described here uses rainbow trout gill epithelial cells seeded on fluidic biochips to measure changes in impedance for the detection of possible chemical contamination of drinking water supplies. Chemicals selected for testing were chosen as representatives of a broad spectrum of toxic industrial compounds. Results of a US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)-sponsored evaluation of the field portable device were similar to previously published US Army testing results of a laboratory-based version of the same technology. Twelve of the 18 chemicals tested following USEPA Technology Testing and Evaluation Program procedures were detected by the ECIS sensor within 1 h at USEPA-derived human lethal concentrations. To simplify field-testing methods further, elimination of a procedural step that acclimated cells to serum-free media streamlined the test process with only a slight loss of chemical sensitivity. For field use, the ECIS sensor will be used in conjunction with an enzyme-based sensor that is responsive to carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides.
28 Gb/s Silicon Microring Modulation Beyond the Linewidth Limit by Coupling Modulation (2012)

A silicon-on-insulator microring modulator with a linewidth of ~ 7 GHz is operated at 28Gb/s by modulation of the microring-bus waveguide coupler. The modulator was driven with pre-emphasized signals with a maximum swing of 1.5Vpp.
High-capacity communications using multiplexing of multiple orbital-angular-momentum beams (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Optical communications has historically experienced capacity growth by multiplexing many channels, and space-division-multiplexing (SDM) appears to be the next domain to exploit. SDM can encompass multiple spatially overlapping “orthogonal” modes to achieve mode-division-multiplexing (MDM). Key advantages of modal orthogonality are the ability to efficiently (de)multiplex independent data streams and co-propagate them, all with little inherent crosstalk. An MDM approach using orbital angular momentum (OAM) has emerged as a potential method to efficiently multiplex many spatially over-lapping data-carrying beams. This presentation will highlight transmission of multiple OAM beams as well as the various technical challenges in realizing such a system.
ELF Propagation Parameters for the Ground-Ionosphere Waveguide With Finite Ground Conductivity (2012)

In the extremely low frequency (ELF) range, the space between the ground and ionosphere forms a spherical waveguide. When studying the ELF radio-wave propagation on Earth using analytical models, it is commonly assumed that the ground has perfect conductivity. In some planetary applications, the ground conductivity is so low that it has a significant influence on the radio-wave propagation in the ELF range and it has to be included in the model. This issue has not been resolved in a satisfactory way yet. In this paper, we analyze the penetration of the ground by an electromagnetic wave traveling along the surface and we propose a solution that allows including ground parameters in the frequently used 2-D analytical model of the ground-ionosphere waveguide. The presented calculations show that in most cases on Earth, the differences with such a model are small, up to a few percent for phase velocity.
Slot‐array antenna for UHF RFID shelf applications (2013)

Abstract This article presents a linearly polarized slot‐array antenna that consists of a slot series‐fed by a microstrip line for radio frequency identification (RFID) shelf applications in the ultra‐high frequency band in which the end of the microstrip line is shorted to the ground plane by a via‐hole. The radiating element is a U‐shaped slot etched in the ground plane on one side of a substrate and the microstrip line for feeding is etched on the other. The designed 6 × 3 array antenna has the near‐field distribution of electric field intensity from 0.5 to 3.36 V/m for RFID shelf applications. The fractional bandwidth for a reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB is approximately 5.5% at 920 MHz, ranging from 892 to 943 MHz. The antenna installed in the RFID shelf stably reads pharmaceutical products with various package options on the shelf. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1511–1515, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27653
Molecular Characterization of Volatiles and Petrochemical Base Oils by Photo-Ionization GC×GC-TOF-MS (2017)

The characterization of organic mixtures by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to electron impact (EI) ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) allows the detection of thousands of compounds. However, owing to the exhaustive fragmentation following EI ionization, despite the use of mass spectral libraries, a majority of the compounds remains unidentified because of the lack of parent ion preservation. Thus, soft-ionization energies leading to organic compounds being ionized with limited or no fragmentation, retaining the molecular ion, has been of interest for many years. In this study, photoionization (PI) was evaluated as the ion source for GC×GC-TOF-MS measurements. First, capabilities and limitations of PI were tested using an authentic mixture of compounds of several chemical classes. Ionization energy exhibited by PI, equivalent to 10.8 eV, resulted in significant retention of molecular ion information; [M]<sup>+•</sup> for alkanes, ketones, FAMEs, aromatics, [M-H]<sup>+•</sup> for chloroalkanes, and [M-H<sub>2</sub>O]<sup>+•</sup> for alcohols. Second, considering the potential of PI for hydrocarbons, base oils, complex mixtures of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons blended for finished lubricant formulations, were extensively evaluated. Several chemical classes of hydrocarbons were positively identified including a large number of isomeric compounds, both aliphatics and cyclics. Interestingly, branched-alkanes were ionized with lower excess internal energy, not only retaining the molecular ions but also exhibiting unique fragmentation patterns. The results presented herein offer a unique perspective into the detailed molecular characterization of base oils. Such unprecedented identification power of PI coupled with GC×GC-TOF-MS is the first report covering volatiles to low-volatile organic mixtures.
Comprehensive Review of Well Tractor Technology in Highly Extended Reach Wells (2018)

Abstract Oil and gas wells are drilled with horizontal and multilateral architecture to improve reservoir contact and maximize production. To evaluate the performance of these wells, coiled tubing (CT) and Wireline (WL) conveyance are routinely used. CT inherently have many technical issues such as lock-up. The WL cannot reach the target depth. To address these challenges, the oil industry introduced well tractors that are combined with CT and WL to offer a significant improvement in well accessibility for all types of open- hole horizontal wells by providing extra pulling force to pull CT and WL all the way to target depth. The objective of this article is to evaluate most of the well tractor technology used in logging and stimulation operations. Moreover, the development of a new slim tractor with improved gripping and pulling force with ability to pass through restrictions in electrical submersible pump (ESP) is presented. This study can help identify areas of improvement for tractor capabilities in future operations.
Laboratory tests for ATSC 3.0-centric combination of cross-polarized MIMO and LDM with varying XPDs (2022)

Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 standard does not support the combined structure of layered division multiplexing (LDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). Recently, previous works have evaluated the theoretical performance of LDM plus MIMO structure for enhanced system capacity. However, the practical performance for the structure has not been investigated yet over the realistic channels. This paper presents the practical performance of the layered MIMO broadcasting system evaluated by a working prototype. To this end, the ATSC 3.0-centric prototype transmitter and receiver are implemented. Based on the real hardware solutions, the laboratory-measured transmission performance is analyzed with respect to the crosstalk power within the MIMO channel, i.e., cross-polarization discrimination (XPD).
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Solution Conformation of α-Conotoxin AuIB, an α3β4 Subtype-selective Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonist (2000)

The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors constitute a highly diverse group, with subtypes consisting of pentameric combinations of alpha and beta subunits. alpha-Conotoxins are a homologous series of small peptides that antagonize these receptors. We present the three-dimensional solution structure of alpha-conotoxin AuIB, the first 15-residue alpha-conotoxin known to selectively block the alpha(3)beta(4) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype. The pairwise backbone and heavy-atom root mean square deviation for an ensemble of 20 structures are 0.269 and 0.720 A, respectively. The overall fold of alpha-conotoxin AuIB closely resembles that of the alpha4/7 subfamily alpha-conotoxins. However, the absence of Tyr(15), normally present in other alpha4/7 members, results in tight bending of the backbone at the C terminus and effectively renders Asp(14) to assume the spatial location of Tyr(15) present in other neuronal alpha4/7 alpha-conotoxins. Structural comparison of alpha-conotoxin AuIB with the alpha(3)beta(2) subtype-specific alpha-conotoxin MII shows different electrostatic surface charge distributions, which may be important in differential receptor subtype recognition.
Performance Degradation and Gassing of Li4Ti5O12/LiMn2O4Lithium-Ion Cells (2012)

Batteries comprised of LiMn2O4 cathodes (LMO) and Li4Ti5O12 anodes (LTO) have potential advantages in terms of cost, safety, and power for transportation applications. In this manuscript, we present results from a cycle and calendar life study of 2 Ah LTO/LMO cells held at temperatures of 30°C, 45°C, and 60°C for 5 months. The cells held at elevated temperatures had measurable loss of capacity and severe loss of power. The LTO anodes harvested from the cells were found to have developed a coating during testing comprised of manganese, phosphorous, and fluorine, which likely resulted in the decreased cycling and power performances. In addition, there was significant gas generation inside of the cells predominantly consisting of hydrogen. We report on the initial diagnostics of the power loss and gas generation for these LTO/LMO cells.