gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous integration of electrically driven microdisk based laser sources for optical interconnects and photonic ICs (2006)

A new approach for an electrically driven microlaser based on a microdisk transferred onto Silicon is proposed. The structure is based on a quaternary InGaAsP p-i-n junction including three InAsP quantum wells, on a thin membrane transferred onto silicon by molecular bonding. A p++/n++ tunnel junction is used as the p-type contact. The technological procedure is described and first experimental results show a laser emission in pulsed regime at room temperature, with a threshold current near 1.5 mA.
Activated T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus induce B cells to produce immunoglobulin. (1988)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by multiple T and B cell abnormalities. This study was designed to investigate the cell surface membrane characteristics of T cells by using single and double immunofluorescence and examine the role of HLA-DR+ T cells in the production of immunoglobulin by B cells. The results presented: (a) confirm the presence of a larger population of T-cells bearing DR antigens in patients with SLE than in normal controls, (b) demonstrate that DR positive cells are equally distributed in helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets of lymphocytes from patients with SLE, (c) show no elevation in the percentage of T cells bearing interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors, (d) demonstrate that DR positive, but not DR negative T-cells, multiply in the presence of conditioned media and, (e) demonstrate that DR positive T cells provide helper factors which enhance the production of immunoglobulin by B cells. We propose that T-cells bearing DR antigens in patients with SLE are functional in vivo, and may be responsible for the B cell overactivity.
Fluorescent Hybridization Probes for Sensitive and Selective DNA and RNA Detection (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Physics considerations in MV-CBCT multi-layer imager design (2018)

Megavoltage (MV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using an electronic portal imaging (EPID) offers advantageous features, including 3D mapping, treatment beam registration, high-z artifact suppression, and direct radiation dose calculation. Adoption has been slowed by image quality limitations and concerns about imaging dose. Developments in imager design, including pixelated scintillators, structured phosphors, inexpensive scintillation materials, and multi-layer imager (MLI) architecture have been explored to improve EPID image quality and reduce imaging dose. The present study employs a hybrid Monte Carlo and linear systems model to determine the effect of detector design elements, such as multi-layer architecture and scintillation materials. We follow metrics of image quality including modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS) from projection images to 3D reconstructions to in-plane slices and apply a task based figure-of-merit, the ideal observer signal-to-noise ratio (d') to determine the effect of detector design on object detectability. Generally, detectability was limited by detector noise performance. Deploying an MLI imager with a single scintillation material for all layers yields improvement in noise performance and d' linear with the number of layers. In general, improving x-ray absorption using thicker scintillators results in improved DQE(0). However, if light yield is low, performance will be affected by electronic noise at relatively high doses, resulting in rapid image quality degradation. Maximizing image quality in a heterogenous MLI detector (i.e. multiple different scintillation materials) is most affected by limiting total noise. However, while a second-order effect, maximizing total spatial resolution of the MLI detector is a balance between the intensity contribution of each layer against its individual MTF. So, while a thinner scintillator may yield a maximal individual-layer MTF, its quantum efficiency will be relatively low in comparison to a thicker scintillator and thus, intensity contribution may be insufficient to noticeably improve the total detector MTF.
Use of mRNA for vaccination or gene therapy: delivery route determines the verdict (P4316) (2013)

Abstract The use of DNA and viral vector vaccines for the induction of cellular immune responses is increasingly gaining interest. However, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of these immunization strategies. Due to their lack of genome integration, mRNA-based vaccines have emerged as a promising alternative. In this study we evaluated the potency of antigen-encoding mRNA either delivered via complexation with the cationic lipid DOTAP/DOPE, or delivered via in vivo electroporation as a novel vaccination approach. By using luciferase-encoding mRNA we showed that in vivo electroporation of mRNA induces high levels of luciferase at the injection site, while protein expression in mice injected with DOTAP/DOPE complexed mRNA was barely above background levels. Despite the high levels of protein expression, in vivo electroporation of mRNA failed to elicit immune responses against the encoded antigen. In contrast, lipid-based delivery of mRNA induced antigen-specific, functional T cell responses resulting in specific killing of peptide-pulsed cells and the induction of humoral responses. In summary, in vivo electroporation of antigen-encoding mRNA induces high levels of protein expression but no immune responses, thus presenting an ideal tool for mRNA-based gene therapy, while lipid-based delivery offers advantages for vaccination purposes due to the induction of low protein levels but strong antigen-specific cellular immunity.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Elicits an Angiogenic Phenotype in Human Ectopic Endometrial Cells and Triggers the Production of Major Angiogenic Factors via CD44, CD74, and MAPK Signaling Pathways (2010)

Abstract Context: An active angiogenesis is required for ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Our previous studies led to the identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is markedly elevated in active, vascularized, and early-stage endometriotic lesions, as a potent mitogenic factor for endothelial cells. Objective: Our objective was to study the mechanisms by which MIF may stimulate angiogenesis in ectopic endometrial implantation sites. Design: Primary cultures of ectopic endometrial cells were exposed to MIF, and the release of major angiogenic factors with targeted disruption of MIF signaling pathways was assessed. Patients: Patients were women found to have endometriosis during laparoscopy. Setting: The study was conducted at a hospital and reproduction research laboratory. Interventions: Biopsies were removed from endometriotic lesions. Main Outcome Measures: Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein levels and expression and small interfering RNA silencing of MIF CD74/CD44 receptor complex and phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPKs were evaluated. Results: MIF markedly up-regulated VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1 expression in endometriotic cells. Such an effect was abolished by (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1), a specific inhibitor of MIF, and significantly down-regulated after specific small interfering RNA silencing of CD44 or CD74. MIF treatment strongly activated ERK and p38 MAPKs, and specific inhibitors of both pathways completely blocked basal and MIF-induced VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1 synthesis. Conclusions: These results show for the first time that MIF exerts a potent indirect angiogenic effect by interacting with ectopic endometrial cells and inducing the secretion of major angiogenic factors via CD44, CD74, and MAPK signaling pathways and provide evidence for a possible new mechanism underlying endometriosis development and pathophysiology.
Mbit/second communication through a rock bolt using ultrasound (2017)

In most industrial processes transfer of data and software from or to sensors is an essential part of the monitoring and control systems. Many of the older, wired communication systems have been or are being replaced with wireless alternatives. A number of challenges are associated with this replacement: Radio receivers are subject to interference from other radio sources. Similarly, radio transmitters may cause undesired interference into other equipment and environments. Compared to wired solutions, security becomes an issue as radio communication links are more vulnerable to eavesdropping than wired schemes. Radio communication with sensors and sensor platforms embedded deep inside large metal structures or fluid tanks may be difficult or even impossible. The objective of this work is to develop and evaluate a high data-rate communications scheme based on ultrasound, which can be used to transmit wirelessly through solid structures. An example will be given using a one-meter segment of a rock bolt.
Direct evidence for ArO-S bond cleavage upon inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfamates by aryl sulfatase (2008)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase catalyses the cleavage of aryl sulfates and is an excellent model for human estrone sulfatase, which is implicated in hormone-dependent breast cancer. Aryl sulfamates are inactivators of sulfatases; however, little is known about their mechanism. We studied the inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase A by a range of aryl sulfamates, including the clinical agent 667COUMATE (STX64) used to inactivate estrone sulfatase. Inactivation was time dependent, irreversible, and active-site directed, consistent with a covalent modification at the active site. In terms of the kinetic parameters of inactivation k(inact) and K(i), K(i) values are in the micromolar to nanomolar range, and the inactivation half-life is less than 30 s. A Bronsted plot of k(inact)/K(i) has a steep slope (beta(lg) = -1.1), which implies that the transition state for the first irreversible chemical step of inactivation involves a high degree of charge transfer and cleavage of the ArO-S bond. Detection of the released phenol and titration of the residual activity showed the stoichiometry of inactivation to be in the range 3-6, with the greatest values found for the most effective inactivators. Thus, multiple sulfamoylation events appear to occur during the inactivation process. These data provide valuable insight into the mechanism of sulfatase inactivation by sulfamates.
Supplementary Legend from Unexpected Activities in Regulating Ciliation Contribute to Off-target Effects of Targeted Drugs (2023)

Supplementary Legend from Unexpected Activities in Regulating Ciliation Contribute to Off-target Effects of Targeted Drugs
Predictive control of an autonomous ground vehicle using an iterative linearization approach (2013)

This paper presents the design of a controller for an autonomous ground vehicle. The goal is to track the lane centerline while avoiding collisions with obstacles. A nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) framework is used where the control inputs are the front steering angle and the braking torques at the four wheels. The focus of this work is on the development of a tailored algorithm for solving the nonlinear MPC problem. Hardware-in-the-loop simulations with the proposed algorithm show a reduction in the computational time as compared to general purpose nonlinear solvers. Experimental tests on a passenger vehicle at high speeds on low friction road surfaces show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
The Rise of Expanded Hemodialysis (2017)

The low water permeability feature of original cellulosic membranes was considered an advantage in the absence of dialysis equipment that are capable of controlling water removal. The advent of ultrafiltration control systems led to the development and use of high-flux (HF) membranes that allowed improved middle molecule removal including β-2 microglobulin. Further advances in technology allowed better control over the structure and permeability of membranes. Different polymers and improved spinning modalities led to significant advances in solute removal and hemocompatibility. Inner surface modification produced a reduction in membrane thrombogenicity and protein-membrane interaction with a less tendency to fouling and permeability decay. Further evolution in technology led to the development of a new class of membranes referred to as protein-leaking membranes or super-flux or high cutoff (HCO). These membranes are more permeable than conventional HF membranes and allow some passage of proteins, including albumin. The rationale for these membranes is the need for increased clearance of low molecular weight proteins and protein-bound solutes. However, albumin loss in protein-leaking HCO membranes represents a limitation whose effect in patients is still controversial. The last evolution in the field of membranes is the development of a new class defined as "high retention onset" (HRO) due to the peculiar high sieving value in the middle to high molecular weight range. The introduction of HRO membranes in the clinical routine has enabled the development of a new concept therapy called "expanded hemodialysis." Its simple set up and application offer the possibility to use it even in patients with suboptimal vascular access or even with an indwelling catheter. The system does not require particular hardware or unusual nursing skill. The quality of dialysis fluid is, however, mandatory to ensure a safe conduction of the dialysis session. This new therapy is likely to modify the outcome of end-stage kidney disease patients, thanks to the enhanced removal of molecules traditionally retained by current dialysis techniques.
Mitigating Communication Delay Impact on Microgrid Stability Using a Compensator Based on Smith Predictor (2019)

In this study, a control approach based on the model predictive control and Smith Predictor is proposed to compensate the effect of communication delay, and keep the stability of the Microgrid (MG) system. A cyber-physical model for the MG system is introduced to define and test the control and communication functions. The MG system consists of two distributed natural gas generators, an energy storage device, a PV system and a wind turbine with constant power. The Smith Predictor based delay compensator approach is applied to the defined MG based system. In addition, the impact of communication delay on MG is simulated and the behavior of the system with and without compensator is compared. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly decrease the impact of communication latency on frequency deviation and the response of the MG system.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminoamidase‐Catalyzed Preparation and Further Transformations of Enantiopure α‐Hydrogen‐ and α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improvements in manufacture of iridium alloy materials (1993)

Iridium alloys are used as fuel-cladding material in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Hardware produced at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been used in Voyager 1 and 2, Galileo, and Ulysses spacecraft. This hardware was fabricated from small, 500-g drop-cast ingots. Porosity in these ingots and the resulting defects in the rolled sheets caused rejection of about 30% of the product. An improved manufacturing process was developed with the goal of substantially reducing the level of defects in the rolled sheets. The ingot size is increased to 10 kg and is produced by vacuum arc remelting. In addition, the ingot is hot extruded prior to rolling. Since implementation of the process in 1989, the average rate of rejection of the product has been reduced to below 10%.
Plantar and Calcaneocuboid Joint Pressure after Isolated Medial Column Fusion versus Medial and Lateral Column Fusion: A Biomechanical Study (2011)

It may be advisable to avoid fusing the lateral column in tarsometatarsal arthrodesis if possible to avoid pressure increase in the forefoot and hindfoot.
Local environment in poly(ethylene oxide)-zinc bromide complexes (1996)

This study examines atomic-level local environments in Poly(ethylene oxide)-zinc bromide+lithium bromide (PEO){sub 20}[(ZnBr{sub 2}){sub 1-x} (LiBr){sub x}] complexes using Raman spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Specific features in the Raman spectra were used to show that the zinc bromide species changes from ZnBr{sub 2} to ZnBr{sub 3}{sup -} to ZnBr{sub 4}{sup 2-} when x is varied from 0 to 0.8. XAS showed a similar change in oxygen coordination number from 4 to 0 when x is varied from 0 to 0.8. This study shows that lithium atoms displace zinc atoms from ether oxygen speciation indicating that lithium coordination to ether oxygens is thermodynamically favored. The effect of adding polar plasticizers is also discussed.
Novel IL1RAPL1 mutations associated with intellectual disability impair synaptogenesis (2014)

Mutations in interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein like 1 (IL1RAPL1) gene have been associated with non-syndromic intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder. This protein interacts with synaptic partners like PSD-95 and PTPδ, regulating the formation and function of excitatory synapses. The aim of this work was to characterize the synaptic consequences of three IL1RAPL1 mutations, two novel causing the deletion of exon 6 (Δex6) and one point mutation (C31R), identified in patients with ID. Using immunofluorescence and electrophysiological recordings, we examined the effects of IL1RAPL1 mutant over-expression on synapse formation and function in cultured rodent hippocampal neurons. Δex6 but not C31R mutation leads to IL1RAPL1 protein instability and mislocalization within dendrites. Analysis of different markers of excitatory synapses and sEPSC recording revealed that both mutants fail to induce pre- and post-synaptic differentiation, contrary to WT IL1RAPL1 protein. Cell aggregation and immunoprecipitation assays in HEK293 cells showed a reduction of the interaction between IL1RAPL1 mutants and PTPδ that could explain the observed synaptogenic defect in neurons. However, these mutants do not affect all cellular signaling because their over-expression still activates JNK pathway. We conclude that both mutations described in this study lead to a partial loss of function of the IL1RAPL1 protein through different mechanisms. Our work highlights the important function of the trans-synaptic PTPδ/IL1RAPL1 interaction in synaptogenesis and as such in ID in the patients.
Modulation of Pancreatic Polypeptide Secretion by Pancreatico-Biliary Juice* (1982)

The only apparent physiological action of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in man is the inhibition of pancreatic and biliary secretions. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that there exists a feedback loop whereby pancreatico- biliary secretions modulate and/or stimulate PP release into the circulation. We first compared the plasma PP response to an iv infusion of secretin (2 U/kg bolus and 0.125 U/kg infusion over 30 min), with and without simultaneous aspiration and perfusion of the duodenum with normal saline, in 10 healthy subjects. Constant washout of the duodenum with normal saline (10 ml/min) reduced the integrated PP response (IPPR) to iv secretin from 5.7 ± 1.2 to 2.2 ± 0.5 ng-min/ml. In a separate set of experiments in 6 healthy subjects, intraduodenal perfusion of pancreatico-biliary juice did not reduce the plasma PP response to secretin stimulation (IPPR = 5.9 ± 0.9 ng-min/ml). Perfusion of the duodenum with pancreatico-biliary juice alone stimulated the release of PP into the circulation. This PP response persisted after heat inactivation of the enzymes contained in the juice. In addition, the pH, osmolarity, or protein content of the juice did not account for the response. However, the IPPR to intraduodenal perfusion of pancreatico-biliary juice (2.9 ± 0.6 ng-min/ml) was smaller than the response to secretin (5.5 ± 0.9 ngmin/ml). The sum of the integrated responses to intraduodenal perfusion of pancreatico-biliary juice and stimulation by secretin with constant washout of the duodenum with normal saline (4.9 ± 0.7 ng-min/ml) was similar to that observed when secretin was administered without duodenal washout (5.5 ± 0.9 ng·min/ml). We conclude that there is an undefined heat-stable factor in pancreatico-biliary juice that both stimulates and modulates the plasma PP response to stimulation by secretin.
Bio‐distribution andin vivoantioxidant effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles in mice (2011)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles have oxygen defects in their lattice structure that enables them to act as a regenerative free radical scavenger in a physiological environment. We performed a comprehensive in vivo analysis of the biological distribution and antioxidant capabilities of nanoceria administered to mice perorally (PO), intravenously (IV), or intraperitoneally (IP) by dosing animals weekly for 2 or 5 weeks with 0.5 mg kg(-1) nanoceria. Next, we examined if nanoceria administration would decrease ROS production in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). Our results showed that the most extensive and cumulative nano-deposition was via IV and IP administered while PO administration showed mice excreted greater than 95% of their nanoceria within 24 h. Organ deposition for IV and IP mice was greatest in the spleen followed by the liver, lungs, and kidneys. Elimination for all administration routes was through feces. Nanoceria administration showed no overt toxicity, however, WBC counts were elevated with IV and IP administration. Our in vivo studies show that nanoceria administration to mice with induced liver toxicity (by CCl(4)) showed similar findings to mice treated with N-acetyl cystine (NAC), a common therapeutic to reduce oxidative stress. Taken together, our studies show that nanoceria remains deposited in tissues and may decrease ROS, thereby suggesting that cerium oxide nanoparticles may be a useful antioxidant treatment for oxidative stress.
Nanoscale Patterning of In Vitro Neuronal Circuits (2022)

Methods for patterning neurons <i>in vitro</i> have gradually improved and are used to investigate questions that are difficult to address <i>in</i> or <i>ex vivo</i>. Though these techniques guide axons between groups of neurons, multiscale control of neuronal connectivity, from circuits to synapses, is yet to be achieved <i>in vitro.</i> As studying neuronal circuits with synaptic resolution <i>in vivo</i> poses significant challenges, we present an <i>in vitro</i> alternative to validate biophysical and computational models. In this work we use a combination of electron beam lithography and photolithography to create polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures with features ranging from 150 nm to a few millimeters. Leveraging the difference between average axon and dendritic spine diameters, we restrict axon growth while allowing spines to pass through nanochannels to guide synapse formation between small groups of neurons (i.e., nodes). We show this technique can be used to generate large numbers of isolated feed-forward circuits where connections between nodes are restricted to regions connected by nanochannels. Using a genetically encoded calcium indicator in combination with fluorescently tagged postsynaptic protein, PSD-95, we demonstrate functional synapses can form in this region.