gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo pig‐a and micronucleus study of the prototypical aneugen vinblastine sulfate (2017)

The Pig-a assay is being used in regulatory studies to evaluate the potential of agents to induce somatic cell gene mutations and an OECD test guideline is under development. A working group involved with establishing the guideline recently noted that representative aneugenic agents had not been evaluated, and to help fill this data gap Pig-a mutant phenotype and micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies were measured in an integrated study design to assess the mutagenic and cytogenetic damage responses to vinblastine sulfate exposure. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated for twenty-eight consecutive days with vinblastine dose levels from 0.0156 to 0.125 mg/kg/day. Micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies in peripheral blood were determined at Days 4 and 29, and mutant cell frequencies were determined at Days -4, 15, 29, and 46. Vinblastine affected reticulocyte frequencies, with reductions noted during the treatment phase and increases observed following cessation of treatment. Micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies were significantly elevated at Day 4 in the high dose group. Although a statistically significant increase in mutant reticulocyte frequencies were found for one dose group at a single time point (Day 46), it was not deemed biologically relevant because there was no analogous finding in mutant RBCs, it occurred at the lowest dose tested, and only 1 rat exceeded an upper bound tolerance interval established with historical negative control rats. Therefore, whereas micronucleus induction reflects vinblastine's well-established aneugenic effect on hematopoietic cells, the lack of a Pig-a response indicates that this tubulin-binding agent does not cause appreciable mutagenicity in this same cell type. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:30-37, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contact Mechanics Approach to Determine Effective Radius in Bolted Joints (2005)

The effective radius is a very important factor in determining frictional torque under the bolt head and nut in bolted joints. Since the effective radius is hard to be precisely determined in practice, the mean radius, which is the mean value of the inner and outer radii of the contact area under the bolt head and nut, is used. In this paper, contact mechanics analysis is used to determine the real contact pressure distribution between the bolt head and nut and the joint surface. Based on the pressure distribution, the effective radius can be precisely calculated. The effect of the surface roughness, underhead load distribution, underhead load value, and the ratio of the maximum to minimum contact radii are investigated. The results are compared with the result from theoretical formulas and the value of mean radius. These data will be very useful in enhancing the reliability and safety of bolted joints.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Somatic Mosaic Chromosomal Alterations and Death of Cardiovascular Disease Causes among Cancer Survivors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2: Visual mapping of mosaic chromosomal alterations&lt;/p&gt;
High-temperature reverse bias characteristics of highly reliable GaN MOS-HFET (2019)

Abstract We previously proposed a GaN MOS-HFET that practically reduces the maximum electric field strength in the MOS gate to one-third under high voltage reverse bias because a JFET is placed between the MOS gate and the drain electrode. We report here that this structure significantly improves high-temperature reverse bias (HTRB) characteristics in reverse bias retention compared to our conventional GaN MOS-HFET. The proposed GaN MOS-HFET with a saturation current of more than 60 A achieved excellent HTRB characteristics with a rated voltage of 650 V at 150 °C for 1000 h, in addition to a low on-resistance of 110 mΩ and good switching characteristics of rise time (Tr)/fall time (Tf) of 5.1/6.5 ns.
(077) Testosterone Therapy in Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (2023)

Abstract Introduction The role of testosterone therapy (TTH) in men with prostate cancer (PC) is debated, especially in men on active surveillance (AS). Objective This study aimed to review our data on TTH in this population. Methods The study population consisted of (i) men with PC on active surveillance (ii) with two total T (TT) levels &amp;lt;300 ng/dL (iii) associated with symptoms (iii) performed using LCMS (v) conducted in an early morning fashion who (vi) pursued T therapy (TTH). TTH included exogenous (transdermal, intramuscular) and clomiphene citrate (CC) in the setting of low/low-normal LH levels. T lab work including PSA levels, were checked within 4 weeks of TTH initiation, every three months in the first year and every six months after that. Target TT level was the middle tertile of the normal reference range at our institution. We report on T and PSA levels in this group. Results 82 patients are included. Mean age = 64 ± 9 years. Median pre-TTH PSA levels were 4.6 [3.4, 6.7] ng/mL. Mean baseline TT levels were 305 ± 145 ng/dL. 19% of these men had a TT level &amp;lt;200 ng/dL. Median Gleason score (GS) was 6 with 90% 3+3, 9% 3+4 and 1% 4+3. Median duration on AS before TTH was 14 [1, 43] months. 45% received transdermal T, 19% intramuscular T and 36% CC. Post-TTH TT = 553 ± 268 ng/dL, PSA = 4.9 [3.2, 9.2] Median duration of TTH at last follow-up was 14 [1, 39] months. Median PSA change per patient was 0.3 [-0.9, 2.6] ng/mL, representing a median of 14 (-24, 70) % change in PSA per patient (p= 0.045). 42% had a decrease in PSA, 58% an increase. In 88% of men who experienced a rise in PSA, the PSA rose ≥10%. 50% of men on TTH who had a PSA level below 4 ng/dL rose above 4. 28% of men experienced a PSA level increase ≥1 ng/mL per year. In 18% of these men, TTH was stopped and definitive PC treatment was instituted. In men with ≤1 ng/mL per year increase in PSA, another 18% opted for definitive PC treatment. The most common reason for this was PSA anxiety. Conclusions In men with PC on AS treated with TTH, minimal changes in PSA were seen, with equal numbers of men experiencing a rise and a drop in PSA. About fifth of men ceased AS and proceeded to definitive therapy for their PC. Disclosure No
Electrically Pumped InP-Based Microdisk Lasers Integrated with a Nanophotonic SOI Waveguide Circuit (2007)

We have achieved electrically-injected continuous-wave lasing in InP-based microdisk structures coupled to a sub-micron silicon-on-insulator wire waveguide, fabricated through bonding technology. The threshold current was 0.6 mA with up to 7 ?W continuous-wave output power.
Version Control Systems: An Information Foraging Perspective (2019)

Version Control Systems (VCS) are an important source of information for developers. This calls for a principled understanding of developers' information seeking in VCS-both for improving existing tools and for understanding requirements for new tools. Our prior work investigated empirically how and why developers seek information in VCS: in this paper, we complement and enrich our prior findings by reanalyzing the data via a theory's lens. Using the lens of Information Foraging Theory (IFT), we present new insights not revealed by the prior empirical work. First, while looking for specific information, participants' foraging behaviors were consistent with other foraging situations in SE; therefore, prior research on IFT-based SE tool design can be leveraged for VCS. Second, in change awareness foraging, participants consumed similar diets, but in subtly different ways than in other situations; this calls for further investigations into change awareness foraging. Third, while committing changes, participants attempted to enable future foragers, but the competing needs of different foraging situations led to tensions that participants failed to balance: this opens up a new avenue for research at the intersection of IFT and SE, namely, creating forageable information. Finally, the results of using an IFT lens on these data provides some evidence as to IFT's scoping and utility for the version control domain.
When Doctors and Daughters Disagree: Twenty‐Two Days and Two Blinks of an Eye (2011)

A cornerstone of American medical ethics is the right to say, "Keep your hands off of me," to decline medical treatment. A central problem is how to decide about individuals who have become incapacitated and can no longer request or refuse potentially life-sustaining treatment. An advance directive is a formal attempt to protect people's right to autonomy when they are no longer autonomous. As such, it assumes that previously expressed wishes are precise and immutable, but many families make decisions together, and individuals may negotiate, compromise, and modify their genuine preferences, especially when novel threats arise, and the stakes are high. The current article describes a case in which two daughters overruled a patient's explicit preference to refuse life-sustaining treatment, leading to burdensome illness before death. In the end, the mother seemed to understand her children's needs and seemed willing, at least in retrospect, to have met those needs. After the death of this individual, we continued to talk with the daughters and videotaped an interview in which they shared their perspectives on the case. The daughters consented to be videotaped and to share the video with the medical community (available in online version of article). Their forceful devotion to their mother and their search in retrospect for what could have been done differently has completely changed our understanding of events. We believe that the daughters' behavior is not the indefensible breach of respect for person that it seemed to be. Their mother's true wishes might well have included a desire to help her children during her own dying. Family members' preferences are likely to be important considerations for many people, although the possibility of coercion has to be acknowledged as well. Accommodating this level of decision-making complexity is highly problematic for our understanding of advance directives.
Correlation between Retinal Oscillatory Potentials and Retinal Vascular Caliber in Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

Significant retinal dysfunction was demonstrated in all diabetic patients, even in those without clinically detectable retinopathy, with the rod system being predominantly affected. OP4 amplitude correlates with retinal arteriolar caliber in diabetic patients, suggesting a correlation between retinal neuronal dysfunction and microvasculature changes.
Towards Efficient Human-Robot Collaboration With Robust Plan Recognition and Trajectory Prediction (2020)

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is becoming increasingly important as the paradigm of manufacturing is shifting from mass production to mass customization. The introduction of HRC can significantly improve the flexibility and intelligence of automation. To efficiently finish tasks in HRC systems, the robots need to not only predict the future movements of human, but also more high-level plans, i.e., the sequence of actions to finish the tasks. However, due to the stochastic and time-varying nature of human collaborators, it is quite challenging for the robot to efficiently and accurately identify such task plans and respond in a safe manner. To address this challenge, we propose an integrated human-robot collaboration framework. Both plan recognition and trajectory prediction modules are included for the generation of safe and efficient robotic motions. Such a framework enables the robots to perceive, predict and adapt their actions to the human's work plan and intelligently avoid collisions with the human. Moreover, by explicitly leveraging the hierarchical relationship between plans and trajectories, more robust plan recognition performance can be achieved. Physical experiments were conducted on an industrial robot to verify the proposed framework. The results show that the proposed framework could accurately recognize the human workers' plans and thus significantly improve the time efficiency of the HRC team even in the presence of motion classification noises.
Enhanced thermal and magnetic actuations for broad-range tuning of fiber Bragg grating–based reconfigurable add–drop devices (1999)

We demonstrate two new approaches to broad-range tuning of fiber Bragg grating devices: amplified thermal tuning and programmable magnetic tuning. The thermal-strain tuning approach employs a novel configuration to amplify thermally induced wavelength shifts by use of a negative thermal-expansion component. The magnetic-strain tuning approach allows programmable and latchable wavelength shifts through magnetic interactions that induce controlled strain on the fiber grating. The advantages and disadvantages of these two techniques are contrasted.
Analysis of Slot Loading in Elliptical Patch- A Characteristic Mode Approach (2018)

Perturbation of the geometry through a narrow slot has been studied for an elliptical microstrip patch antenna. The loading effects have been studied from modal perspective. The slot is found to suppress the nearest orthogonal mode. As a consequence, the cross-polarized radiation is also reduced. Thus the modal analysis can provide a systematic guideline for enhancing the polarization purity of a desired mode.
Advanced mask cleaning techniques for sub-100-nm technology nodes (2005)

Sub-pellicle defects and haze increase due to photon reaction with cleaning chemistry residues are especially problematic on photomasks for 193 nm and shorter exposure wavelengths. In addition to mask cleaning, these chemistries are also used for photoresist stripping from photomasks. In this paper sulfuric acid free processes are shown to be effective for mask cleaning and photoresist removal. Bulk removal of photoresist was accomplished with both oxygen based dry plasma stripping and with wet oxidizing chemistry. Surface preparation prior to the main cleaning step was necessary to render Cr surface hydrophilic and enable targeted cleaning performance. This was accomplished with an O<sub>3</sub>/DI pre-treatment step. Full mask megasonics improved particle removal efficiency of moderately to heavily contaminated masks.
Transient behavior of an electrolytic diode (2007)

The transient behavior of an electrolytic diode system was studied. A gel-like electrolytic diode was incorporated in a capillary microfluidic chip. The microfluidic platform guaranteed a constant composition of solutions on the diode boundaries. The current responses of the electrolytic diode to step-like changes of the imposed DC electric voltage were measured. Some of these transients were accompanied by a short-time overshoot of electric current density. In order to explain this phenomenon, a mathematical model of the electrolytic diode system was developed. Dynamical analysis of the model equations confirmed the existence of the electric current overshoots. Because the results of the experimental and the numerical transient studies were quite similar, we have explained the physical meaning of three selected overshoots by means of an analysis of the reaction-transport processes inside the electrolytic diode system. The transient experiments carried out in this study indicate that our physical concept of the electrolytic diode system presented in previous papers is correct.
Mammalian target of rapamycin and glycogen synthase kinase 3 differentially regulate lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 production in dendritic cells (2008)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression in dendritic cells (DCs). We show here that 2 signaling pathways downstream of PI3K, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), differentially regulate the expression of IL-12 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DCs. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, enhanced IL-12 production in LPS-stimulated DCs, whereas the activation of mTOR by lentivirus-mediated transduction of a constitutively active form of Rheb suppressed the production of IL-12. The inhibition of protein secretion or deletion of IL-10 cancelled the effect of rapamycin, indicating that mTOR regulates IL-12 expression through an autocrine action of IL-10. In contrast, GSK3 positively regulates IL-12 production through an IL-10-independent pathway. Rapamycin-treated DCs enhanced Th1 induction in vitro compared with untreated DCs. LiCl, an inhibitor of GSK3, suppressed a Th1 response on Leishmania major infection in vivo. These results suggest that mTOR and GSK3 pathways regulate the Th1/Th2 balance though the regulation of IL-12 expression in DCs. The signaling pathway downstream of PI3K would be a good target to modulate the Th1/Th2 balance in immune responses in vivo.
Rainwater Harvesting for Drinking Water Production: A Sustainable and Cost-Effective Solution in The Netherlands? (2019)

An increasing number of people want to reduce their environmental footprint by using harvested rainwater as a source for drinking water. Moreover, implementing rainwater harvesting (RWH) enables protection against damage caused by increasing precipitation frequency and intensity, which is predicted for Western Europe. In this study, literature data on rainwater quality were reviewed, and based on Dutch climatological data the usable quantity of rainwater in the Netherlands was calculated. For two specific cases, (1) a densely populated city district and (2) a single house in a rural area, the total costs of ownership (TCO) for decentralized drinking water supply from harvested rainwater was calculated, and a life cycle assessment (LCA) was made. For the single house it was found that costs were very high (€60–€110/m3), and the environmental impact would not decrease. For the city district, costs would be comparable to the present costs of centralized drinking water production and supply, but the environmental benefit is negligible (≤1‰). Furthermore, it was found that the amount of rainwater that can be harvested in the city district only covers about 50% of the demand. It was concluded that the application of rainwater harvesting for drinking water production in the Netherlands is not economically feasible.
Open architecture controller software for integration of machine tool monitoring (2003)

In contemporary machine control systems, the monitoring functions are developed and tested separately, requiring additional time and effort for their integration into a machine control system. Also, the software for most contemporary controllers is fixed and very application-dependent, so the system may not run correctly after such integration since the algorithms are time-sensitive. We show how to modularize machine tool control systems with object-oriented concepts. We define a set of software components and system services for reuse, present some system guidelines based on simulations and test analyses to help users implement controllers that satisfy real-time constraints. We present the integration of broken tool detection functionality into an existing three axis motion controller, and demonstrate that the integration requires minimal effort and skill, and that the hard real-time constraints for broken tool signal processing can be satisfied with our software architecture.
Stereochemistry of the Wittig reaction. Effect of nucleophilic groups in the phosphonium ylide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of the Wittig reaction. Effect of nucleophilic groups in the phosphonium ylideBruce E. Maryanoff, Allen B. Reitz, and Barbara A. Duhl-EmswilerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 1, 217–226Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00287a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00287a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6669Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hydrofoil Cavitation Under Strong Thermodynamic Effect (2008)

Cavitation was studied for a NACA0015 hydrofoil using a material that simulates cryogenic behavior. Several angles of attack and flow speeds up to 8.6m∕s were tested. The material used, 2-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-pentanone, hereafter referred to as fluoroketone, exhibits a strong thermodynamic effect even under ambient conditions. Static pressures were measured at seven chordwise locations along the centerline of the hydrofoil suction side and on the test section wall immediately upstream of the hydrofoil. Frequency analysis of the test section static pressure showed that the amplitude of the oscillations increased as the tunnel speed increased. A gradual transition corresponding to the Type II-I sheet cavitation transition observed in water was found to occur near σ∕2α=5 with Strouhal numbers based on chord dropping from 0.5 to 0.1 as the cavitation number was reduced. Flash-exposure high-speed imaging showed the cavity covering a larger portion of the chord for a given cavitation number than in cold water. The bubbles appeared significantly smaller in the current study and the pressure data showed increasing rather than constant static pressure in the downstream direction in the cavitating region, in line with observations made in literature for other geometries with fluids exhibiting strong thermodynamic effect.
Holographic optics in planar optical systems for next generation small form factor mixed reality headsets (2022)

Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs), such as in Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed reality (MR), and Smart Glasses have the potential to revolutionize the way we live our private and professional lives, as in communicating, working, teaching and learning, shopping and getting entertained. Such HMD devices have to satisfy draconian requirements in weight, size, form factor, power, compute, wireless communication and of course display, imaging and sensing performances. We review in this paper the various optical technologies and architectures that have been developed in the past 10 years to provide adequate solutions for the drastic requirements of consumer HMDs, a market that has yet to become mature in the next years, unlike the existing enterprise and defense markets that have already adopted VR and AR headsets as practical tools to improve greatly effectiveness and productivity. We focus specifically our attention on the optical combiner element, a crucial element in Optical See-Through (OST) HMDs that combines the see-through scene with a world locked digital image. As for the technological platform, we chose optical waveguide combiners, although there is also a considerable effort today dedicated to free-space combiners. Flat and thin optics as in micro-optics, holographics, diffractives, metasurfaces and other nanostructured optical elements are key building blocks to achieve the target form factor.