gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nonlinear Pulse Shaping Method Using Resonant Piezoelectric MEMS Devices (2022)

In this article, a methodology for increasing the displacement of the membrane in nonlinear transducers is presented. This methodology that relies on pulse shaping is based on the frequency modulation of the excitation signal which in turn results in an amplitude modulation of the displacement of the resonator. The benefits of pulse shaping include the increase of the displacement of the membrane of the resonator, the ability to leverage two mechanisms to dynamically tune the resonant frequency of the device and a relative control of the decay time of the resonator. These properties have been verified using simulations and experimental results. The experimental results are performed using two nonlinear resonators with a frequency of 3.9 and 7.9 kHz. With a constant amplitude of the excitation voltage, experimental results show that the use of pulse shaping allows a velocity increase of the membrane of a piezoelectric microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator of up to 191% for a softening type resonator (STR), and 348% for a hardening type resonator (HTR). The frequency tuning mechanism allowed the operation of the STR and of the HTR over a bandwidth of 280 and 115 Hz, respectively, while providing higher velocity than with the non-optimized excitation signal. The resulting pulse shaping methodology can be applied to other nonlinear resonators as shown using simulation and experimental results. Therefore, this work should lead to an increase of the use of nonlinear resonators for various applications.
Inlet and Outlet Devices for Rotary Blood Pumps (2004)

The purposes of inlet and outlet devices for rotary blood pumps, including inducers and diffusers for axial pumps, inlet and exit volutes for centrifugal pumps, and inlet and outlet cannulas, are to guide the blood into the impeller, where the blood is accelerated, and to convert the high kinetic energy into pressure after the impeller discharge, respectively. The designs of the inlet and outlet devices have an important bearing on the pump performance. Their designs are highly dependent on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis, guided by intuition and experience. For inlet devices, the design objectives are to eliminate separated flow, to minimize recirculation, and to equalize the radial components of velocity. For outlet devices, the design goals are to reduce speed, to minimize energy loss, and to avoid flow separation and whirl. CFD analyses indicate the velocity field and pressure distribution. Geometrical optimization of these components has been implemented in order to improve the flow pattern.
Efficient retrieval of recommendations in a matrix factorization framework (2012)

Low-rank Matrix Factorization (MF) methods provide one of the simplest and most effective approaches to collaborative filtering. This paper is the first to investigate the problem of efficient retrieval of recommendations in a MF framework. We reduce the retrieval in a MF model to an apparently simple task of finding the maximum dot-product for the user vector over the set of item vectors. However, to the best of our knowledge the problem of efficiently finding the maximum dot-product in the general case has never been studied. To this end, we propose two techniques for efficient search -- (i) We index the item vectors in a binary spatial-partitioning metric tree and use a simple branch and-bound algorithm with a novel bounding scheme to efficiently obtain exact solutions. (ii) We use spherical clustering to index the users on the basis of their preferences and pre-compute recommendations only for the representative user of each cluster to obtain extremely efficient approximate solutions. We obtain a theoretical error bound which determines the quality of any approximate result and use it to control the approximation. Both these simple techniques are fairly independent of each other and hence are easily combined to further improve recommendation retrieval efficiency. We evaluate our algorithms on real-world collaborative-filtering datasets, demonstrating more than ×7 speedup (with respect to the naive linear search) for the exact solution and over ×250 speedup for approximate solutions by combining both techniques.
Key Species and Important Reactions in Fluorinated Hydrocarbon Flame Chemistry (1997)

A comprehensive chemical mechanism consisting of elementary reactions was developed to describe the destruction of fluorinated hydrocarbons and their influence on flame chemistry. This paper discusses the key species and important reactions in fluorocarbon chemistry. Emphasis is placed on identifying those species and reactions with uncertain thermochemical and rate data that impact decomposition pathways and flame chemistry. Existing fluorinated hydrocarbon thermochemical and kinetic date were utilized when available. These data were supplemented through application of empirical, QRRK/RRKM, and ab initio methods, since much of the data necessary to complete the reaction set does not exist or is uncertain. Plug flow simulations were used to refine the reaction set and premixed flame simulations were used to predict the effectiveness of added fluorocarbon agents on flame suppression. The mechanism briefly outlined here should be considered only a framework for future model development, rather than a finished product. Future refinements will require experimental validation by high temperature flow reactor, premixed flame, and diffusion flame measurements, as well as measurements of important, yet currently uncertain, rate constants.
Interface Traps in Surface-Potential-Based MOSFET Models (2009)

Surface or interface properties along the surface channel region have great influences on the MOSFET characteristics. The interface-trap density increases during the repeated program-erase cycling of non-volatile floatinggate and SONOS memory transistors. Thus, the compact modeling community faces great challenges to model the interface-trap effect, which is an important step towards modeling device reliability. In this work, the unified regional surface potential (URSP) approach is extended to explore the effect of interface traps at the SiO2/Si interface on the surface-potential and gate-capacitance lineshapes in bulk MOSFETs. Due to the trapped charges alone surface channel region, the interface traps significantly distort the surface-potential and gate-capacitance curves. The result suggests that the explicit URSP model has powerful capability to characterize interface-trap properties without major loss of accuracy.
Analysis of Variance for Replicated Spatial Point Patterns in Clinical Neuroanatomy (1991)

Abstract Our application concerns the analysis of the spatial distributions of pyramidal neurons in the cingulate cortex of human subjects in three diagnostic groupings. Our purpose is to develop and apply several methods for the analysis of replicated spatial point patterns to identify anatomical differences between normal, schizoaffective, and schizophrenic persons at the time of death. We begin with a scaled Poisson analysis that uncovers significant differences between the groups in the mean numbers of neurons in the sampled region, as well as a high degree of extra-Poisson variation in the distribution of cell counts within these groups. We then proceed to calculate two different functional descriptors of pattern for each subject to investigate departures from competely random patterns, both between subjects and between groups, while adjusting for cell count differences. The distributions of our main functional pattern descriptor and of our derived test statistic are unknown. For nonparametric inference, we propose a bootstrap procedure in which we resample our data to estimate the null distribution of our test statistic, even though the null hypothesis is not supported by these data. A simulation study provides evidence of the validity and power of our procedure for bootstrap hypothesis testing in our context. We conclude with a summary of what has been learned through this study about the cellular structure of cingulate cortex in persons with psychotic disorders and with some suggested directions for future research. Key Words: Bootstrap hypothesis testingCingulate cortexExtra-Poisson variationInhibition process K-functionPoisson processPyramidal neuronsSchizophrenia
Impact of the Valence Charge of Transition Metals on the Cobalt- and Rhodium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indenamines, Indenols, and Isoquinolinium Salts: A Catalytic Cycle Involving MIII/MV [M = Co, Rh] for [4 + 2] Annulation (2018)

Reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of indenamines, indenols, and isoquinolinium salts through cobalt- and rhodium-catalysis were investigated using density functional theory calculations. We found that the valence charge of transition metals dramatically influences the reaction pathways. Catalytic reactions involving lower-oxidation-state transition metals (M<sup>I</sup>/M<sup>III</sup>, M = Co and Rh) generally favor a [3 + 2] cyclization pathway, whereas those involving higher oxidation states (M<sup>III</sup>/M<sup>V</sup>) proceed through a [4 + 2] cyclization pathway. A catalytic cycle with novel M<sup>III</sup>/M<sup>V</sup> as a crucial species was successfully revealed for isoquinolinium salts synthesis, in which highly valent M<sup>V</sup> was encountered not only in the [RhCp*]-catalysis but also in the [CoCp*]-catalysis.
Cell surface protein partially restores morphology, adhesiveness, and contact inhibition of movement to transformed fibroblasts. (1976)

We have isolated the major cell surface glycoprotein of chick embryo fibroblasts, CSP, and added it to a variety of transformed cells in vitro. The transformed cells become more elongated, often more flattened, and show increased adhesion to the substratum. Several transformed cell lines also align in striking parallel arrays. This alignment is characterized by a decrease in the amount of nuclear overlapping, probably indicating restoration of contact inhibition of movement. The morphological changes are antagonized by antibody to CSP. These effects of CSP are not associated with an elevation of cellular 3':5'-cyclic AMP. Moreover, the morphological reversion is not accompanied by an alteration in growth properties. Our results are consistent with a role for CSP in cell adhesion and morphology but not in growth control.
ChemInform Abstract: OCCURRENCE OF LONGICAUDATINE, A NEW TYPE OF BIS(INDOLE) BASE AND DINOR‐C‐ALKALOID H IN STRYCHNOS SPECIES (1983)

Abstract (MASSIOT, G.; ZECHES, M.; MIRAND, C.; LE MEN‐OLlVIER, L.; DELAUDE, C.; BA;ER , K.H.C.; BAVOVADA, R.; BISSET, N.G.; HYLANDS, P.J.; STRÖMBOM, J.; VERPOORTE, R.; J. Org.
Distributed temperature sensor using holmium-doped optical fiber (1987)

Preliminary results of an optical-fiber distributed temperature sensor using neodymium as the active fiber dopant have been reported.1 An Investigation has been made of fibers doped with the rare earths neodymium, erbium, praseodymium, and holmium which were fabricated using the method previously reported.2 Silica fiber doped with holmium has an order of magnitude greater temperature sensitivity than the other rare earths. The sensitivity of the absorption to temperature is thought to be due to a satellite band on the long-wavelength side of the main absorption bands, as shown in the attenuation plots in Fig. 1. Thermal population at this energy level causes the attenuation to increase rapidly with temperature.
Shalaev and Moskovits Reply: (1995)

A Reply to the Comment by M. I. Stockman.Received 20 September 1994DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2451©1995 American Physical Society
A 3-D planar microlens for an effective monolithic optical interconnection system (2006)

A three-dimensional (3-D) planar microlens with curved sidewalls was fabricated by using the recently developed 3-D diffuser lithography and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replication method. The sidewall of the fabricated 3-D planar microlens had a radius of curvature of 140 μm, and a well-defined focal spot with a width of 1.5 μm and a height of 3 μm was observed. An excellent single-mode fiber-to-fiber coupling efficiency of 71% was demonstrated by applying the developed 3-D planar microlens, which displayed more than two times the coupling ability compared to that of a conventional two-dimensional planar microlens with straight sidewalls. Finally, it was verified that the coupling efficiency was little affected by variation in the process conditions used for the photoresist mold fabrication.
Design of a wideband 1.5GHz to 3GHz class EF2 power amplifier (2014)

A class EF2 power amplifier with 32.7dB power gain is presented. To the authors' knowledge, this class has never been presented in PA design in RF frequency. The class EF2 power amplifier presents lower voltage stress than its class E counterpart due to waveform engineering. The presented circuit was designed in standard ST Microelectronics CMOS 130nm and is able to deliver 20dBm RF output power from a 2V supply voltage with 55% drain efficiency and 49.8% PAE at 2.5GHz. The output power spectrum presents 34.7dB power difference between the fundamental frequency and the strongest upper harmonic. The circuit is able to work from 1.5GHz up to 3.0GHz if the 3dB power criterion is observed. A 500MHz bandwidth around 2.35GHz was achieved in which the performances stay fairly constant: output power varies only 0.6dB and PAE varies 2.5%. Both 1dB output power bandwidth and -3% PAE bandwidth is found to be around 28.2%. The total used area is 1660um × 1470um.
Broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements of a micromagnetic disk array using a meander-line technique (2008)

A simple technique involving transmission through a copper-wire meander line is developed to study ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in magnetic arrays. Using this technique, we carried out FMR measurements on a square array of submicrometer-size Permalloy magnetic disks for an external dc magnetic field parallel to the plane of the array, and found several magnetic excitation modes. The dominant mode obeys the Kittel formula for a plain film. The technique is suitable for studying the collective excitation modes in the magnetic nanoarrays over a broad range of frequencies.
Ultrareliable SWIPT using Unscheduled Short Packet Transmissions (2019)

Large communication networks, e.g. Internet of Things (IoT), are known to be vulnerable to the co-channel interference from simultaneous transmissions. In the recent time, this problem has been extensively studied in various contexts. Due to a potentially very long duty cycle, orthogonal multiple access techniques are not well suited for such schemes. Instead, random medium access (RMA) seems promising, since it guarantees a lower bound for the network throughput even in presence of an infinite number of simultaneous transmissions while reducing the average length of the duty cycle. Such an RMA scheme is based on transmission of short data packets with unknown scheduling. Of course, a reliable symbol detection for this type of communication is very challenging not only due to a large amount of interference from the adjacent nodes, but also because of the uncertainty related to the presence or absence of overlapping packets. Interestingly, with increasing number of network nodes also the amount of energy, which can be harvested from the received signal, increases. This is especially beneficial for powering of a relay device, which may utilize the energy for further information processing and retransmission. In this paper, we address the design of a simultaneous information and power transfer scheme based on unscheduled short packet transmissions for ultrareliable communication.
Robust Predictive Quantization: Analysis and Design Via Convex Optimization (2007)

Predictive quantization is a simple and effective method for encoding slowly-varying signals that is widely used in speech and audio coding. It has been known qualitatively that leaving correlation in the encoded samples can lead to improved estimation at the decoder when encoded samples are subject to erasure. However, performance estimation in this case has required Monte Carlo simulation. Provided here is a novel method for efficiently computing the mean-squared error performance of a predictive quantization system with erasures via a convex optimization with linear matrix inequality constraints. The method is based on jump linear system modeling and applies to any autoregressive moving average (ARMA) signal source and any erasure channel described by an aperiodic and irreducible Markov chain. In addition to this quantification for a given encoder filter, a method is presented to design the encoder filter to minimize the reconstruction error. Optimization of the encoder filter is a nonconvex problem, but we are able to parameterize with a single scalar a set of encoder filters that yield low MSE. The design method reduces the prediction gain in the filter, leaving the redundancy in the signal for robustness. This illuminates the basic tradeoff between compression and robustness.
p27(Kip1) induces quiescence and growth factor insensitivity in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cells. (2003)

Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, is effective in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, but therapeutic resistance is common. Pure steroidal antiestrogens are efficacious in tamoxifen-resistant disease and, unlike tamoxifen, arrest cells in a state of quiescence from which they cannot reenter the cell cycle after growth factor stimulation. We now show that in hydroxytamoxifen-treated cells, transduction of the cell cycle inhibitor p27(Kip1) induces quiescence and insensitivity to growth stimulation by insulin/insulin-like growth factor I and epidermal growth factor/transforming growth factor alpha. Furthermore, reinitiation of cell cycle progression by insulin/insulin-like growth factor I in hydroxytamoxifen-arrested cells involves dissociation of the corepressors nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) and silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) from nuclear estrogen receptor alpha and redistribution to the cytoplasm, a process that is inhibited by mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, but not phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, inhibitors. These data suggest that agents that up-regulate p27(Kip1) or inhibit growth factor signaling via the extracellular signal-regulated kinases should be tested as therapeutic strategies in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
Structural properties of heteroepitaxial germanium-carbon alloys grown on Si (100) (2001)

Abstract Heteroepitaxial films of Ge1-x C x (x < 7%) alloys have been grown on Si (100) substrates using ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapour deposition reactions involving GeH4 and several different germylmethane precursors (GeH3)4-x CH x (x = 1-3), at temperatures in the range 470-540°C. The layer composition and crystallinity were assessed using Rutherford back-scattering spectroscopy, including C-resonance analysis, and the film microstructure was characterized using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Irrespective of the particular germylmethane precursor used for deposition, alloys with low C concentrations had high crystallinity with low defect density, whereas those with high C content had an increased density of structural defects. Greater C incorporation generally led to films with flatter and smoother surfaces, implying that the addition of C had compensated strain due to lattice mismatch and promoted two-dimensional growth.
Cu Dendrite Formation in Post Trench Etch Cleaning (2009)

Copper has been widely used as the interconnect material for integrated circuits because of the good electrical conductivity and electron migration resistance. Copper dual damascene structure has been adapted due to the impossibility of etching the copper. For via first dual damascene (VFDD) integration, via is opened after trench etch. Generally, diluted HF cleaning after trench etch is used to remove both etch residues and carbon depletion layer of low-k material. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of copper dendritic formation occurred in post trench etch cleaning with single wafer spin tool (SWST).
Keep up the heat on IL-1 (2012)

In this issue of Blood , Capitano et al report an unexpected but clinically relevant finding that mild heating of mice enhances the postradiation recovery of neutrophils via an IL-1, IL-17, and G-CSF mechanism.[1][1]

Interleukin-1 is a master cytokine regulating inflammatory and immune responses.
Charakterisierung der Geschwindigkeit und Blasengröße von Schäumen mit optischen Fasersensoren (2007)

Abstract Schäume treten in vielen verfahrenstechnischen Prozessen bei mehrphasiger Betriebsweise auf. Sie sind teils unerwünscht, wie bspw. bei der Rektifikation oder Verdampfung, teils jedoch inhärenter Bestandteil des Verfahrens, wie z. B. bei der Flotation. Daneben werden Schäume auch als Formulierungsform eingesetzt, wie z. B. in der Feuerlösch‐, der Lebensmitteltechnik und in der Kosmetik [1, 2]. Die Eigenschaften von Schäumen, d. h., der Flüssigkeitsanteil, die durchschnittliche Blasengröße oder die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit sind oft nur schwer messbar [3]. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit entwickelte Messtechnik auf der Basis von Lichtleitersensoren ist dafür gut geeignet. Die Schaumgeschwindigkeit und Blasengröße lassen sich durch Kreuzkorrelation der Signale aus zwei Lichtleiterfasern bestimmen, die versetzt in Strömungsrichtung angeordnet sind.
Influence of Source/Drain Residual Implant Lattice Damage Traps on Silicon Carbide Metal Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Drain I-V Characteristics (2012)

Abstract 4H-SiC n-channel power metal semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) with nitrogen n+-implanted source/drain ohmic contact regions, with and without p-buffer layer fabricated on semi-insulating substrates exhibited hysteresis in the drain I-V characteristics of both types of devices at 300 K and 480 K due to traps. However, thermal spectroscopic measurements could detect the traps only in the devices without p-buffer. Device simulation and optical admittance spectroscopy (OAS) are used to resolve the discrepancy in the initial experimental characterization results. Device simulations and OAS suggest that, in addition to the semi-insulating (SI) substrate traps, acceptor traps due to source/drain residual implant lattice damage contribute to the hysteresis observed in the drain I-V characteristics of the devices. Simulations suggest these traps are contained in the lateral straggle of the implanted source and drain regions since the drain current largely flows between the un-gated edges of the source and drain through the volume of lateral straggle traps. Since hysteresis in I-V curves is a manifestation of the presence of defects in devices and since defects degrade carrier mobility and hence device performance, efforts should be made to minimize the source/drain lateral straggle implant damage.