gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust control of force and compliance for DD actuator. (1990)

This paper proposes the robust force & compliance control of DD actuator based on the new model following acceleration control system without speed sensor. The new model following acceleration control system has the faculty to suppress the state error caused by not only the force disturbance but also the system structure variation completely. The DD actuator controlled by this acceleration control system has only two integral elements, and it has no mechanical system parameter. Therefore, each joint of DD robot manipulator is regulated by the acceleration command t". This structure is very effective for both the virtual inertia based force control and the virtual impedance based compliance control. Moreover, the hybrid control of force and position is realized by the proposed acceleration control method. In this paper, all of the proposed control systems is construct ed by the software algorithm of DSP (digital signal processor) and the microprocessor. The experimental results show that the proposed method is valid for the robust force and compliance control of DD actuator. Using the proposed acceleration control system, the hybrid control of force and position is well regulated in the tested 2-degrees-freedom DD robot manipulator.
Ultralow Voltage Manipulation of Ferromagnetism (2020)

Spintronic elements based on spin transfer torque have emerged with potential for on-chip memory, but they suffer from large energy dissipation due to the large current densities required. In contrast, an electric-field-driven magneto-electric storage element can operate with capacitive displacement charge and potentially reach 1-10 µJ cm-2 switching operation. Here, magneto-electric switching of a magnetoresistive element is shown, operating at or below 200 mV, with a pathway to get down to 100 mV. A combination of phase detuning is utilized via isovalent La substitution and thickness scaling in multiferroic BiFeO3 to scale the switching energy density to ≈10 µJ cm-2 . This work provides a template to achieve attojoule-class nonvolatile memories.
Ein Kartuschen‐System für die metallorganische Katalyse: sequenzielle Katalyse und Stofftrennung mit überkritischem CO2 zur Kontrolle der Löslichkeit (2005)

Immer wieder verwenden lässt sich ein metallorganischer Katalysator für mehrere verschiedene Umsetzungen, wenn er zwischen den Reaktionen durch Fällung mit scCO2 „ausgeschaltet“ und zurückgewonnen wird, wobei gleichzeitig die Produkte extrahiert werden. Phosphanliganden mit Poly(ethylenglycol)-Ketten führen zu Rh-Katalysatoren mit geeigneten Löslichkeitseigenschaften für die Anwendung bei Sequenzen aus unterschiedlichen Reaktionen (siehe Schema, sc=überkritisch).
Exploiting comparable corpora and bilingual dictionaries for cross-language text categorization (2006)

Cross-language Text Categorization is the task of assigning semantic classes to documents written in a target language (e.g. English) while the system is trained using labeled documents in a source language (e.g. Italian).In this work we present many solutions according to the availability of bilingual resources, and we show that it is possible to deal with the problem even when no such resources are accessible. The core technique relies on the automatic acquisition of Multilingual Domain Models from comparable corpora.Experiments show the effectiveness of our approach, providing a low cost solution for the Cross Language Text Categorization task. In particular, when bilingual dictionaries are available the performance of the categorization gets close to that of monolingual text categorization.
Beam energy dependence of the linear and mode-coupled flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions (2023)

The linear and mode-coupled contributions to higher-order anisotropic flow are presented for Au+Au collisions at √sN N = 27, 39, 54.4, and 200 GeV and compared to similar measurements for Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The coefficients and the flow harmonics’ correlations, which characterize the linear and mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropies, indicate a beam energy dependence consistent with an influence from the specific shear viscosity (η/s). In contrast, the dimensionless coefficients, mode-coupled response coefficients, and normalized symmetric cumulants are approximately beam-energy independent, consistent with a significant role from initialstate effects. These measurements could provide unique supplemental constraints to (i) distinguish between different initial-state models and (ii) delineate the temperature (T ) and baryon chemical potential (μB ) dependence of the specific shear viscosity η s (T ,μB ).
SiO_2 Film Thickness Determination on Silicon Using Dual-Angle Imaging (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. D. T. Kruschwitz and R. S. Berns, "SiO2 Film Thickness Determination on Silicon Using Dual-Angle Imaging," in Optical Interference Coatings 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper ThB.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Transient, Three-Dimensional Flow Field Simulation through a Mechanical, Trileaflet Heart Valve Prosthesis (2011)

Thromboembolic complications are one of the major challenges faced by designers and researchers in development of artificial organs with blood-contacting devices such as heart valve prostheses, especially mechanical valves. Besides increasing the thrombogenic potential, these valves change the hydrodynamic performance of the heart. In this study, the flow through a trileaflet, mechanical heart valve prosthesis was modeled with transient computational fluid dynamics to analyze flow patterns causing thrombus formations on valves. The valve was simulated under conditions of a test rig (THIA II), which was specially designed to analyze different valves with respect to thrombosis. The main goal of this study was to mimic the exact conditions of the test rig to be able to compare numerical and experimental results. The boundary conditions were obtained from experimental data as leaflet kinematics and pressure profiles. One complete cycle of the valve was simulated. Numerical flow and pressure results were analyzed and compared with experimental results. Shear stress and shear rates were determined with respect to thrombogenic potential, especially in the pivot regions, which seem to be the main influence for activation and deposition of thrombocytes. Approximately 0.7% of the blood volume moving through the fluid domain of the valve was exposed to shear rates high enough to cause platelet activation. However, shear rates of up to 20,000 s⁻¹ occurred in pivot regions. The pressure differences between the simulation and experimental data were approximately 2.5% during systole and increased up to 25% during diastole. The presented method, however, can be used to gain more information about the flow through different heart valve prostheses and, thus, improve the development process.
Hypusine formation in eukaryotic initiation factor 4D is not reversed when rates or specificity of protein synthesis is altered. (1987)

In mammalian cells, a single major cellular protein (eukaryotic initiation factor 4D) is post-translationally modified by the conversion of a lysine residue into the unusual amino acid hypusine. This modification was reported to occur during mitogen-stimulated growth of lymphocytes but not during quiescence, suggesting that alternative forms of eukaryotic initiation factor 4D might play a role in the regulation of cell growth perhaps through the control of protein synthesis itself (Cooper, H. L., Park, M. H., and Folk, J. E. (1982) Cell 29, 791-797). We took advantage of the drastic changes in translational specificity which occur in heat-shocked cells of Drosophila melanogaster, and of the wide variations in translation rates which occur in response to alterations of growth media in the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to investigate the relationship between the intracellular level and state of modification of the hypusine-containing protein and the rate and specificity of translation. We also studied whether the hypusine residue in this protein might be subject to further modification or reversion to lysine. Under all conditions examined, the protein was remarkably long-lived. Furthermore, the hypusine persists in this protein as hypusine, without further modification or reversion to lysine. Thus, we observe no correlation between the state of cellular translation and the persistence or reversal of this protein's modification. In addition, the data imply that neither are the state of such key cellular processes as DNA replication, RNA transcription, or carbohydrate metabolism so correlated.
Multiple-band-edge quantum-well intermixing in the InGaAs∕InGaAsP∕InGaP material system (2005)

The development of photonic integrated circuits lattice matched to GaAs are desirable for the manufacture of high-power, high-efficiency optical components. In this letter we investigate and describe a process technique based on quantum-well intermixing to achieve multiple band edges in the Al-free 980nm InGaAs∕InGaAsP∕InGaP material system.
ChemInform Abstract: Template Control of Supramolecular Architecture (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Primary immune thrombocytopenia in children (2021)

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is usually a benign and self-limiting disease in children. Due to the complex pathogenesis involving different immunological processes, its course may be unpredictable. The goal of therapy is to prevent severe, dangerous bleeding, especially intracranial bleeding. In addition to purpura, i.e. ecchymoses and bruises on the skin, mucosal bleeding may occur, e.g. from nose, gums, excessive menstrual bleeding, as well as severe bleeding from the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. First-line therapy relies on glucocorticoids (GKS) or intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIgG). The next stage of treatment is the inclusion of other immunosuppressive drugs or cytotoxic drugs. The introduction of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) for the treatment of this disease has been the biggest progress over the past 20 years. TPO-RAs are treatment of choice for chronic ITP. Splenectomy is now reserved only for children with chronic ITP resistant to thrombopoietin receptor agonists..
Impact of serum uric acid on renal function and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients treated with losartan (2012)

High serum uric acid level (SUA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are risk factors for cardiovascular events (CVEs). However, their interactions as cardiovascular risk factors remain unknown. This subanalysis of the Japan Hypertension Evaluation with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan Therapy (J-HEALTH) study included 7629 patients, in whom the serum creatinine level was measured at least twice. The study examined the impact of hyperuricemia (SUA ≥7 mg dl(-1)) on CVE according to the level of renal dysfunction and whether early changes in SUA predicted future glomerular filtration rates (GFRs). The mean follow-up period was 3.1 years. The patients were divided into three groups according to the baseline estimated GFR (eGFR): groups A, B and C with eGFR <45, 45-59 and ≥60 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2), respectively. eGFR increased from 38.1 to 57.6, from 52.8 to 67.5 and from 74.7 to 80.7 ml min(-1) per 1.73 m(2) in groups A, B and C, respectively. In non-hyperuricemic patients, the CVE rate was 10.83, 4.98 and 4.21/1000 person-years in groups A, B and C, respectively, while in hyperuricemic patients, the corresponding values were 14.18, 17.02 and 5.93. Thus, hyperuricemia increased the risk of CVE only in group B (relative risk (RR) 3.43 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55 to 7.60); P<0.002). The final change in the eGFR was negatively correlated with the change in SUA from baseline to year 1 (P<0.001). CVEs were more frequent in those with a decrease in eGFR. Hyperuricemia may be a major determinant of increased cardiovascular risk in CKD stage 3A, and SUA may be involved in the progression of CKD. Changes in the GFR influence the rate of CVE.
Elucidating the long-range charge carrier mobility in metal halide perovskite thin films (2018)

A new optoelectronic technique which enables the accurate determination of the long-range lateral charge carrier mobility of metal halide perovskite films.
Enhancing the sensitivity of a high resolution negative-tone metal organic photoresist for extreme ultra violet lithography (2023)

In this paper, we report on a novel metal organic photoresist based on heterometallic rings that was designed for electron beam and extreme ultraviolet lithography. From initial electron beam lithography studies, the resist performance demonstrated excellent resolution of 15 nm half-pitch (HP) and a silicon dry etch selectivity of 100:1 but at the expense of sensitivity. To improve sensitivity, a 3D Monte Carlo simulation was employed that utilizes a secondary electron generation model. The simulation suggested that the sensitivity could be dramatically improved while maintaining high resolution by incorporating HgCl<sub>2</sub> species into the resist molecular design. This considerably improved the resist sensitivity without losing the high resolution, where it was determined that the resist sensitivity was increased by a factor of 1.6 and 1.94 while demonstrating a resolution of 15 nm and 16 nm HP when exposed with electrons and EUV radiation respectively. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, we show that after exposure to the electron beam the resist materials are transformed into a metal oxyfluoride and this is why the resist demonstrates high resistance to silicon dry etch conditions achieving a selectivity of 60:1 at a resolution of 15 nm HP.
Extracellular Vesicles Are Key Regulators of Tumor Neovasculature (2020)

Tumor progression involves a series of biologically important steps in which the crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding environment is an important issue. Angiogenesis is a key tumorigenic phenomenon for cancer progression. Tumor-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) through cell-to-cell communication. Tumor cells in a hypoxic TME release more EVs than cells in a normoxic environment due to uncontrollable tumor proliferation. Tumor-derived EVs in the TME influence endothelial cells (ECs), which then play multiple roles, contributing to tumor angiogenesis, loss of the endothelial vascular barrier by binding to ECs, and subsequent endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In contrast, they also indirectly induce tumor angiogenesis through the phenotype switching of various cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts, the activation of tumor-associated ECs and platelets, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the involvement of EVs in tumor vascular-related cancer progression.
The Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risks of Alkylphenols and the Relationships between Alkylphenols and Different Types of Land Use (2023)

In this study, the spatial distribution characteristics of nine alkylphenols (APs) in the Yongding River and Beiyun River were analyzed. The differences in the concentrations and spatial distribution patterns of nine APs were systematically evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA). The relationships between the concentration distribution patterns and the risks associated with nine APs were investigated under various categories of land use conditions in the region. The results demonstrated that the APs were widely present in both rivers, and the pollution risks associated with the APs were more severe in the Yongding River than in the Beiyun River. The results show that the contamination risks associated with 4-NP were the most serious in the two rivers, with detection percentages of 100% and 96.3%, respectively. In the Yongding River, the APs showed a tendency of low concentration levels in the upper reaches and high levels in the middle and lower regions. Meanwhile, the overall concentration levels of the APs in the Beiyun River were relatively high. However, despite the differences between the upper and middle regions of the Yongding River, the distribution pattern of the APs in the Beiyun River was basically stable. The concentration levels and risk quotient of the APs were negatively correlated with the vegetation cover land use type and positively correlated with the cropland and unused land use types within 500 m, 1 km, and 2 km. The purpose of this study was to provide theoretical data support and a basis for AP pollution risk evaluations in the Yongding River and Beiyun River.
Melanin as a potential cryptococcal defence against microbicidal proteins (2008)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an important fungal pathogen that synthesizes melanin when grown in the presence of phenolic substrates. The ability of C. neoformans to produce melanin is associated with virulence, but the specific role of melanin in the pathogenesis of infection is not clear. In this study the ability of C. neoformans melanin to bind proteins and protect against microbicidal peptides was investigated. Melanin was shown to bind a variety of proteins of fungal and mammalian origin. Melanin–protein interactions were dependent on the pH of the solution and on the amount of protein and melanin present. Melanized cells were less susceptible to killing by three microbicidal peptides: a defensin, a protegrin, and a magainin. Incubation of the microbicidal peptides with melanin particles, followed by removal of the melanin, reduced or abolished fungicidal activity, demonstrating interactions between peptides and melanin. The ability of melanin to bind proteins and to protect against microbicidal peptides suggests a protective function for melanin, whereby it sequesters microbicidal peptides and abrogates their activity.
30 GHz Radio over FSO System using High Speed 2D-PDA and Its Optical Path Switching Performance (2020)

We present a 30-GHz radio over FSO system using a high speed 2D-PDA, offering high optical alignment robustness and demonstrating 20-Gbps range high data rate wireless transmission. The BER performance under static and dynamic beam switching conditions will be discussed.
A computational study of ion conductance in the KcsA K+ channel using a Nernst–Planck model with explicit resident ions (2009)

The biophysical mechanisms underlying the relationship between the structure and function of the KcsA K(+) channel are described. Because of the conciseness of electrodiffusion theory and the computational advantages of a continuum approach, the Nernst-Planck (NP) type models, such as the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz and Poisson-NP (PNP) models, have been used to describe currents in ion channels. However, the standard PNP (SPNP) model is known to be inapplicable to narrow ion channels because it cannot handle discrete ion properties. To overcome this weakness, the explicit resident ions NP (ERINP) model was formulated, which applies a local explicit model where the continuum model fails. Then, the effects of the ERI Coulomb potential, the ERI induced potential, and the ERI dielectric constant for ion conductance were tested in the ERINP model. The current-voltage (I-V) and current-concentration (I-C) relationships determined in the ERINP model provided biologically significant information that the traditional continuum model could not, explicitly taking into account the effects of resident ions inside the KcsA K(+) channel. In addition, a mathematical analysis of the K(+) ion dynamics established a tight structure-function system with a shallow well, a deep well, and two K(+) ions resident in the selectivity filter. Furthermore, the ERINP model not only reproduced the experimental results with a realistic set of parameters, but it also reduced CPU costs.
Immunoproteomics for Serological Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Caused by Environmental Microorganisms. (2014)

Diagnosis of immunoallergenic pathologies due to microorganisms such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis includes detection of circulating specific antibodies. Detection of precipitins has classically been performed using immunoprecipitation techniques with crude antigenic extracts from microorganisms implicated as etiologic agents. However, these techniques lack standardization because of the different composition of fungal antigenic extracts from one batch to another. Therefore, there is high interest in developing standardized serological diagnostic methods using recombinant antigens. Immunoproteomics have proved to be useful for identifying the immunogenic proteins in several microorganisms linked to hypersensitivity pneumonitis. With this approach, the causative microorganisms are first isolated from the environment of patients. Then the proteins are separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and revealed by Western blotting with sera of different patients suffering from the disease compared to sera of asymptomatic exposed controls. Immunoreactive proteins are identified by mass spectrometry. Identified immunoreactive proteins found to be specific markers for the disease could be subsequently produced as recombinant antigens using various expression systems to develop ELISA tests. Using recombinant antigens, standardized ELISA techniques can be developed, with sensitivity and specificity reaching 80% and 90%, respectively, and more if using a combination of several antigens. Immunoproteomics can be applied to any environmental microorganisms, with the aim of proposing panels of recombinant antigens able to improve the sensitivity and standardization of serologic diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, but also other mold-induced allergic diseases such as allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis or asthma.
The Center for Research on Extreme Batteries (2016)

The Center for Research on Extreme Batteries is introduced in this article. CREB, as it is abbreviated, was launched in late 2014 and is located on the campus of University of Maryland, College Park. It addresses various energy storage needs in extreme conditions, such as the demands of energy storage required by the Department of Defense (Soldier Power, Mobile Power, and Local Grids), energy storage for future space missions, where extreme temperatures, high levels of radiation, and decades of reliability are to be considered, and also battery power for implantable devices.
<title>Systematic design of microactuators using topology optimization</title> (1998)

Systematic design methods for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) have been lacking and typical design procedures encompass trial and error approaches. This paper discusses the application of the topology optimization method as a systematic tool for MEMS design. The topology optimization method distributes one or more passive or active materials in a design domain, such that some output performance is optimized. Here, the method is applied to the design of thermal or electrothermal micro actuators where the output work performed on a workpiece of given stiffness is to be maximized. It is shown that actuators with either large output displacement or large output force can be designed by specifying low or high stiffness of the workpiece, respectively. The optimal topologies are strongly dependent on the stiffness of the workpiece as well.
Polymorphs and isostructural cocrystals of dexamethasone: towards the improvement of aqueous solubility (2022)

The crystal structures of DEX Form A and its isostructural cocrystals with catechol and resorcinol are reported with 5–6 improve aqueous solubility.