gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wafer level packaging of MEMS and 3D integration with CMOS for fabrication of timing microsystems (2016)

The following paper gives an insight on the packaging concepts and fabrication processes used to ultimately manufacture a timing module at wafer scale. The packaging of the timing module consists in the integration of an ASIC together with a Quartz-based or Twin-Silicon resonator MEMS which require to be hermetically sealed under vacuum for proper function. The 3D-integration enables a significant miniaturization of the complete system. Subsequently a BAW (Bulk Acoustic Wave) resonator can be further associated over the quartz resonator to form a MEMS-based freely programmable oscillator for stable clock generation, covering a large frequency range between 1 and 50 MHz. The principal fabrication processes include the implementation of Through-Silicon Vias (TSV) in active CMOS wafers, temporary wafer bonding for thin wafer handling and wafer bonding for metallic sealing under vacuum and formation of electrical interconnects. The components were packaged by chip to wafer assembly onto active CMOS wafers with TSVs and subsequent wafer to wafer bonding with a corresponding cavity cap wafer for vacuum encapsulation. All processes have been developed and performed at 200 mm industrial wafer scale.
Point defect states in Sb-doped germanium (2015)

Defect states in n-type Sb-doped germanium were investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy. Cobalt-60 gamma rays were used to generate isolated vacancies and interstitials which diffuse and react with impurities in the material to form four defect states (E37, E30, E22, and E21) in the upper half of the bandgap. Irradiations at 77 K and 300 K as well as isothermal anneals were performed to characterize the relationships between the four observable defects. E37 is assigned to the Sb donor-vacancy associate (E-center) and is the only vacancy containing defect giving an estimate of 2 × 1011 cm−3 Mrad−1 for the uncorrelated vacancy-interstitial pair introduction rate. The remaining three defect states are interstitial associates and transform among one another. Conversion ratios between E22, E21, and E30 indicate that E22 likely contains two interstitials.
Work Function of a Room‐Temperature, Stable Electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e–)4 (2007)

The work function of the electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e-)4 is presented (see figure). The intrinsic value of ca. 2.4 eV is close to that of potassium regardless of its high chemical stability under ambient atmosphere. This property originates from the intrinsic nature of electrons in 3D connected sub-nanometer-sized cages having a positive charge.
Classical simulation of dissipative fermionic linear optics (2011)

Fermionic linear optics is a limited form of quantum computation which is known to be efficiently simulable on a classical computer. We revisit and extend this result by enlarging the set of available computational gates: in addition to unitaries and measurements, we allow dissipative evolution governed by a Markovian master equation with linear Lindblad operators. We show that this more general form of fermionic computation is also simulable efficiently by classical means. Given a system of $N$ fermionic modes, our algorithm simulates any such gate in time $O(N^3)$ while a single-mode measurement is simulated in time $O(N^2)$. The steady state of the Lindblad equation can be computed in time $O(N^3)$.
Thick PQ:PMMA transmission holograms for free-space optical communication via wavelength-division multiplexing (2021)

Phenantrenequinone doped poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PQ:PMMA) is a holographic substrate that can be used for angle or wavelength multiplexed Bragg gratings. However, efficient writings can be done only using a high-power, long-coherence volume laser over a limited wavelength range. This constraint makes it difficult to write gratings that would diffract several different read wavelengths into a single direction. We describe the rules for writing such gratings, taking into account the differences in the mean index seen by the write and read wavelengths. We further demonstrate the use of such a transmission hologram for wavelength-division multiplexing in a free-space optical communication system.
A vibrational and structural study of the solid-solid phase transitions in decylammonium chloride (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA vibrational and structural study of the solid-solid phase transitions in decylammonium chlorideKurt J. Schenk, C. A. Ogle, G. Chapuis, R. Cavagnat, A. Jokic, and M. Rey-LafonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 13, 5040–5049Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100350a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100350a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Supercritical Fluid Technology of Nanoparticle Coating for New Ceramic Materials (2005)

This work highlights, for the first time, the coating of ferroelectric nanoparticles with a chemical fluid deposition process in supercritical fluids. BaTiO3 nanoparticles of about 50 nm are coated with a shell of a few nanometers of amorphous alumina and can be recovered as a dry powder for processing. The sintering of these core-shell nanoparticles gives access to a ceramic material with very interesting ferroelectric properties, in particular, dielectric losses below 1%.
Impact of catalyst loading, ionomer content, and carbon support on the performance of direct isopropanol fuel cells (2021)

Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) offer a promising solution for hydrogen storage in the existing infrastructure for conventional fuels. Within this framework, the isopropanol/acetone couple as a light-LOHC system is used to generate electricity in a direct isopropanol fuel cell (DIFC). This work focuses on the impact of catalyst loading, ionomer content and catalyst support on the performance of DIFCs. We achieve a performance rise from 95 mW cm-2 to 219 mW cm-2 under air operation by increasing the anode catalyst loading from 0.5 mg cm-2 to 4 mg cm-2, which can be attributed to the increased abundance of active catalyst sites with higher loadings. In contrast, we find that the cathode loading for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a minor role in the performance of DIFCs. Therefore, the cathode loading can be minimized to decrease the total amount of platinum-group metals and, consequently, to save cost. It was also found that an ionomer content of 30% on the anode side is optimal. Additionally, different carbon supports were investigated, where advanced high surface area carbon support showed superior performance to Vulcan with an increase of 20% in power density, motivating the development of new carbon supports for DIFCs.
Differential Macular Morphology in Patients withRPE65-,CEP290-,GUCY2D-, andAIPL1-Related Leber Congenital Amaurosis (2010)

Variations of macular microstructures were observed among LCA patients with different genotypes. Disorganization of retinal lamellar structure was generally age related. Preservation of retinal microanatomic structures may not be associated with better visual acuity.
Improved Fixation in Cementless Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (2013)

Therapeutic level I. See Instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evidence for a Third Taxonomic Subgroup of Peanut Stunt Virus from China (1998)

On the basis of host reactions and serology, six Chinese peanut stunt virus (PSV) strains were found to be distinct from PSV-E and PSV-W, two type strains representing distinct serological subgroups. Chinese PSV strains were characterized by infecting Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa systemically. All Chinese strains were serologically closely related to each other, but distinct from PSV-E and more distant from PSV-W. Using two PSV-specific primers designed from conserved regions of the PSV RNA3 nucleotide sequence, cDNA transcribed from RNA3 of two Chinese PSV strains, Mi and S, was amplified by PCR and cloned. The sequenced cDNA of the two PSV strains included 654 nt of the coat protein (CP) gene. The identity of the CP gene nucleotide sequence between PSV-Mi and PSV-S was 99.0%, with 99.5% amino acid identity. Identity of the CP gene nucleotide sequence was 75.6 to 77.8% between PSV-Mi and -S (the two Chinese strains) and PSV-ER and -J in PSV subgroup I; and 74.1 to 74.4% between PSV-Mi and -S, and PSV-W in subgroup II. Based on these results, we propose placing PSV Chinese strains into a new PSV subgroup III.
Photodynamic effects of methylene blue-loaded polymeric nanoparticles on dental plaque bacteria (2011)

Cationic MB-loaded PLGA nanoparticles have the potential to be used as carriers of MB for PDT systems.
Optical implementation of the least-squares linear mapping technique for image classification (1982)

Utilizing the phase-coded optical processor, the least-squares linear mapping technique (LSLMT) has been optically implemented to classify large-dimensional images. The LSLMT is useful for performing a transform from large-dimensional observation or feature space to small-dimensional decision space for separating multiple image classes by maximizing the interclass differences while minimizing the intraclass variations. As an example, the classifier designed for handwritten letters was studied. The performance of the LSLMT was compared also with those of a matched filter and an average filter.
Erythropoietin or darbepoetin for patients with cancer (2012)

ESAs reduce the need for red blood cell transfusions but increase the risk for thromboembolic events and deaths. There is suggestive evidence that ESAs may improve QoL. Whether and how ESAs affects tumour control remains uncertain. The increased risk of death and thromboembolic events should be balanced against the potential benefits of ESA treatment taking into account each patient's clinical circumstances and preferences. More data are needed for the effect of these drugs on quality of life and tumour progression. Further research is needed to clarify cellular and molecular mechanisms and pathways of the effects of ESAs on thrombogenesis and their potential effects on tumour growth.
Deep learning-based monitoring of laser powder bed fusion process on variable time-scales using heterogeneous sensing and operando X-ray radiography guidance (2022)

Harnessing the full potential of the metal-based Laser Powder Bed Fusion process (LPBF) relies heavily on how effectively the overall reliability and stability of the manufactured part can be ensured. To this aim, the recent advances in sensorization and processing of the associated signals using Machine Learning (ML) techniques have made in situ monitoring a viable alternative to post-mortem techniques such as X-ray tomography or ultrasounds for the assessment of parts. Indeed, the primary advantage of in situ monitoring over post-mortem analysis is that the process can be stopped in case of discrepancies, saving resources. Additionally, mitigations to repair the discrepancies can also be performed. However, the in situ monitoring strategies based on classifying processing regimes reported in the literature so far operate on signals of fixed length in time, constraining the generalization of the trained ML model by not allowing monitoring processes with heterogeneous laser scanning strategies. As a part of this work, we try to bridge this gap by developing a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model by combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) that can operate over variable time-scales. The proposed hybrid DL model was trained on signals obtained from a heterogeneous time-synced sensing system consisting of four sensors, namely back reflection (BR), Visible, Infra-Red (IR), and structure-borne Acoustic Emission (AE). The signals captured different phenomena related to the LPBF process zone and were used to classify three regimes: Lack of Fusion (LoF), conduction mode and Keyhole. Specifically, these three regimes were induced by printing cubes out of austenitic Stainless steel (316 L) on a mini-LPBF device with operando high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging and signal acquisition with the developed heterogeneous sensing system. The operando X-ray imaging analysis ensured that the regimes correlated with the defined process parameters. During the validation procedure of the trained hybrid DL model, the model predicted three regimes with an accuracy of about 98% across various time scales, ranging from 0.5 ms to 4 ms. In addition to tracking the model performance, a sensitivity analysis of the trained hybrid model was conducted, which showed that the BR and AE sensors carried more relevant information to guide the decision-making process than the other two sensors used in this work.
A Grain Size-Dependent Equation for Creep Rupture Life of Grade 91 Steel Verified Up To 233,000 Hours (2020)

Abstract Grade 91 steel is widely used as steam pipes in ultrasupercritical (USC) steam boilers. In residual creep life assessment of the pipes by calculation, one needs creep rupture life of the steel as a function of stress and temperature in a time range longer than 105 h. Four regions with different creep rupture characteristics appear in a stress versus creep rupture life diagram of the steel. Main steam pipes made of the steel are used in a long-term region with low values of stress exponent and activation energy for creep rupture life (referred to as region G in this paper). Creep rupture lives of the steel in this region vary from heat to heat depending on their prior austenite grain size. This paper proposes a grain size-dependent equation representing creep rupture life of the steel in region G. The equation is verified with creep rupture data up to 232,833 h at 600 °C. Region G is absent in some heats with a large grain size. The equation can rationalize the absence in the heats. In a stress versus creep rupture life diagram of grade 92 steel, there is the same long-term region G. In the region, a creep rupture life of each heat is dependent on its grain size as is the case in grade 91 steel. The proposed equation accords well with the creep rupture lives of the grade 92 steel in region G.
Managing Risks of IT Outsourcing (2010)

Outsourcing is one of the most talked about and widely debated topics. Over the past few years, firms have been outsourcing their IT operations at increasing rates. The fact that firms are turning to outside vendors in increasing numbers in order to meet their needs does not mean that outsourcing is without problems. Firms often enter outsourcing deals without considering risks or assuming that all risks lay with the external service provider. In this chapter, we provide an overview of IT outsourcing, its risks, and a model for managing those risks. We identify different firm-vendor configurations for sustaining long-term relationships aimed at diversifying risk over time and discuss the need for psychological contracts to manage such outsourcing relationships.
Design and analysis of an IEEE 802.16e-based OFDMA communication system (2007)

IEEE 802.16e has emerged as a strong candidate standard for future wireless systems primarily because it offers the potential for high spectral efficiency, flexible spectrum options (e.g., 2–6 GHz), scalable carrier bandwidth options (e.g., from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz), multiple duplexing options (time and frequency division duplex), various subchannelization options, and, unlike its IEEE 802.16 predecessors, mobility. Because of the recent emergence of IEEE 802.16e and the complexity it poses in system analysis, there is little published work in the literature regarding the actual system capacity/throughput performance of IEEE 802.16e for high data rate services. In this paper, we investigate the link and system level performance on the downlink of an IEEE 802.16e-based orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication system and provide recommendations on high performance IEEE 802.16e system design and deployment configurations. We also propose dynamic resource allocation methods that may be used in OFDMA systems and investigate their performance. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.
Accurate source wavelet estimation using Marchenko focusing functions (2019)

ABSTRACT Marchenko redatuming is a powerful technique that allows retrieving Green’s functions for virtual receivers in the subsurface by calculating so-called focusing functions. One required input for the Green’s function retrieval is the surface reflection response that needs to be correctly deconvolved by the source wavelet. Deconvolving with an erroneously estimated or scaled source wavelet leads to artifacts in the redatumed wavefields and images created with redatumed data. Focusing functions can be used to correct an erroneous amplitude and phase spectrum of the source wavelet, enabling an accurate deconvolution, subsequent redatuming, and imaging. Additional events are present in the focusing functions in the case of an incorrect source wavelet amplitude spectrum, whereas an erroneous phase spectrum leads to an overall phase shift of the upgoing focusing function. Therefore, two objective functions are defined, which are minimized separately to invert for the source wavelet amplitude and phase spectrum accurately. Furthermore, optimizing focusing functions for a range of lateral focusing positions in the subsurface extends the approach, enabling inversion of laterally varying scaling errors of the source wavelet. Target-oriented images created with Marchenko redatumed data using the source scaling estimation method based on focusing functions are significantly improved compared to conventional Marchenko images with incorrectly estimated source wavelets.
THE LOCALIZATION OF PLATELET GpIIb-IIIa RELATED PROTEINS IN ENDOTHELIAL CELL ADHESION STRUCTURE (1987)

Different laboratories bave reported that human endothelial cells (EC) synthesize and express surface proteins biochemically and immunologically related to platelet GpIIb-IIIa. However the functional role of this glycoprotein complex in EC has not yet been elucidated. In this study we investigated whether these molecules are involved in the process of EC adhesion to different substrata. Cultured human umbilical vein ECs ,seeded on purified fibrinogen(fg), or vitronectin(VN) coated coverslips, adhered ,underwent spreading, organization of thick microfilament bundles and formation of focal contacts as shown by immunofluorescence and interference reflection microscopy.Polyclonal antibodies raised against human platelet GpIIb-IIIa and cross reacting with the EC form, showed by immunofluorescence a discrete and well organized distribution at cell adhesion structures, Indeed they distributed at vinculin rich focal contacts at the membrane insertion of microfilament bundles of stress fiber type.They were also found at cell to cell contacts and in a diffuse pattern at the dorsal surface of EC.GpIIb-IIIa antibodies added to EC suspensions prior to plating inhibited EC adhesion and spreading in a concentration dependent way. This effect was present at different degrees when EC were seeded on fg or VN being clearly more evident on VN and somehow less apparent on fg.In addition when the antibodies were added to confluent EC monolayers for 24 h they disrupted cell to cell contacts and caused cell rounding and detachment Preimmune serum or control antibodies able to bind to EC external membrane but which did not recognized GpIIb-IIIa proteins were unable to inhibit EC attachment and spreading. These results indicate that EC GpIIb-IIIa complex is involved in the adhesion mechanism of these cells to extracellular matrix proteins.
Transactive Campus Energy Systems: Final Report (2017)

Transactive energy refers to the combination of economic and control techniques to improve grid reliability and efficiency. The fundamental purpose of transactive energy management is to seamlessly coordinate the operation of large numbers of new intelligent assets—such as distributed solar, energy storage and responsive building loads—to provide the flexibility needed to operate the power grid reliably and at minimum cost, particularly one filled with intermittent renewable generation such as the Pacific Northwest. It addresses the key challenge of providing smooth, stable, and predictable “control” of these assets, despite the fact that most are neither owned nor directly controlled by the power grid. The Clean Energy and Transactive Campus (CETC) work described in this report was done as part of a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between the U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the Washington State Department of Commerce (Commerce) through the Clean Energy Fund (CEF). The project team consisted of PNNL, the University of Washington (UW) and Washington State University (WSU), to connect the PNNL, UW, and WSU campuses to form a multi-campus testbed for transaction-based energy management—transactive—solutions. Building on the foundational transactive system established by the Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration (PNWSGD), the purpose of the project was to construct the testbed as both a regional flexibility resource and as a platform for research and development (R&D) on buildings/grid integration and information-based energy efficiency. This report provides a summary of the various tasks performed under the CRADA.
Pholipeptin, a Novel Cyclic Lipoundecapeptide from Pseudomonas fluorescens (1997)

An inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), pholipeptin (1), was purified from the culture broth of Pseudomonas sp. by solvent extraction and column chromatography. Acid hydrolysis of 1 gave Leu, Ile, Ser, Thr, and Asp moieties. Although 1 was a peptide compound, fragmentation by mild hydrolysis was not accomplished under any conditions. So, we performed the structure elucidation using various 2D NMR techniques. In the NMR studies, the addition of a small amount of trifluoroacetic acid gave relatively sharp and resolved signals, such that the structure of this novel cyclic lipodepsipeptide consisting of 11 amino acids and a 3-hydroxydecanoic acid moiety could be determined. Chirality of the constituent amino acids was analyzed by chiral HPLC, but two Asp residues could not be distinguished because they were contained as a racemic mixture. Finally, their chiralities were determined by NMR analysis of (13)C-labeled 1 into which [L-(13)C]Asp had been biosynthetically incorporated.