gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security Challenges in the Integration of IoT with WSN for Smart Grid Applications (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology paradigm that can be incorporated in various applications such as Smart Grid, Smart Home, and Communication Networks etc. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are playing a key role in various applications such as landslide detection, waste management, water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes etc. One of the most data critical applications of WSN is Smart grids. The major problem in the existing power grid is the lack of reliability as one cannot predict power failure. The primary cause of power failure is the energy scarcity and the lack of awareness among the users of the energy availability and their usage limits. This result in increase in the energy consumption costs and projects the impression that electricity is unaffordable in the user's mind. Smart Grid offers promising solutions in transforming the existing power grids into a reliable and cost efficient grid by using WSN. This paper focuses on incorporating IoT into Smart Grid and then various security challenges faced therein. It also introduces a solar energy harvester for Smart City Framework, a community of buildings, each equipped with a solar energy harvesting system, which can share their energy according to the decision taken by the control station. There by, it proposes a cost-effective Smart Grid model using distributed renewable energy generators that helps meet the local power demands.
Adam in Private: Secure and Fast Training of Deep Neural Networks with\n Adaptive Moment Estimation (2021)

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) aims at enabling machine learning\n(ML) algorithms to be used on sensitive data. We contribute to this line of\nresearch by proposing a framework that allows efficient and secure evaluation\nof full-fledged state-of-the-art ML algorithms via secure multi-party\ncomputation (MPC). This is in contrast to most prior works, which substitute ML\nalgorithms with approximated "MPC-friendly" variants. A drawback of the latter\napproach is that fine-tuning of the combined ML and MPC algorithms is required,\nwhich might lead to less efficient algorithms or inferior quality ML. This is\nan issue for secure deep neural networks (DNN) training in particular, as this\ninvolves arithmetic algorithms thought to be "MPC-unfriendly", namely, integer\ndivision, exponentiation, inversion, and square root. In this work, we propose\nsecure and efficient protocols for the above seemingly MPC-unfriendly\ncomputations. Our protocols are three-party protocols in the honest-majority\nsetting, and we propose both passively secure and actively secure with abort\nvariants. A notable feature of our protocols is that they simultaneously\nprovide high accuracy and efficiency. This framework enables us to efficiently\nand securely compute modern ML algorithms such as Adam and the softmax function\n"as is", without resorting to approximations. As a result, we obtain secure DNN\ntraining that outperforms state-of-the-art three-party systems; our full\ntraining is up to 6.7 times faster than just the online phase of the recently\nproposed FALCON@PETS'21 on a standard benchmark network. We further perform\nmeasurements on real-world DNNs, AlexNet and VGG16. The performance of our\nframework is up to a factor of about 12-14 faster for AlexNet and 46-48 faster\nfor VGG16 to achieve an accuracy of 70% and 75%, respectively, when compared to\nFALCON.\n
Carborane inclusion chemistry for the uncommon calix[7,9]arenes (2008)

The inclusion of o-carborane by p-Bu(t)-calix[7,9]arenes has been investigated by solid state and solution studies, with both resulting complexes in the solid state being rich in carborane with the ratio of calixarene to carborane at 1 : 7 and 2 : 7 respectively. The carboranes reside in clefts within the calixarenes which arise from specific local conformations of adjacent phenolic groups, or are included in the extended structure through other interplay of the calixarenes and carboranes in such clefts.
<title>Photoinduced chi recording in two- and multicomponent lead-silicate glasses for optical waveguides</title> (1994)

The possibility of recording second-order nonlinear susceptibility in commercial and specially synthesized lead-silicate glasses was investigated. Effective photoinduced SHG in glasses with lead content from 10 to 40 mol% was found. Optical waveguides by ion-exchange were made in these glasses. Optimal content of Na<SUB>2</SUB>O in lead-silicate glasses for optical waveguides was found.
Toughening Poly(l-lactide) Blends: Effectiveness of Sequence-Controlled Six-Arm Star-Branched Block Copolymers of Poly(l-lactide) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) (2022)

Well-defined six-arm star-branched bio-degradable block copolymers of l-lactide and ε-caprolactone were prepared using controlled ring-opening polymerization and a sequential monomer addition method using dipentaerythritol as the initiator core and organocatalysts at low temperatures in solution. Sequence of enchainment was changed by reversing the order of monomer addition giving, either, a crystalline PLA block or an amorphous PCL block as the outer segment. Well-defined six-arm poly(ε-caprolactone-<i>b</i>-l-lactide, 6s-PCL-<i>b</i>-PLA) block copolymers were obtained with a range of segment molecular weights. However, in the case of six-arm poly(l-lactide-<i>b</i>-ε-caprolactone, 6s-PLA-<i>b</i>-PCL), disruption of the block structure was observed on account of competing transesterification reactions accompanying a chain-growth reaction. Such sequence-controlled block copolymers showed interesting phase morphologies, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. 6s-PCL-<i>b</i>-PLA showed two glass-transition temperatures and two melting temperatures characteristic of the amorphous and crystalline blocks. 6s-PCL-<i>b</i>-PLA and 6s-PLA-<i>b</i>-PCL with different segment chain lengths were solution blended (10 wt %) with a commercially sourced PLA. All the blends were highly transparent. The structure and properties of the blend were examined by DSC, measurement of mechanical properties, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that a phase-separated 6s-PCL-<i>b</i>-PLA copolymer results in two- to three-fold improvement in tensile toughness without the loss of modulus. A possible hypothesis for the mechanism of tensile toughness in the blend has been proposed.
Artificial intelligence—electrocardiography to detect atrial fibrillation: trend of probability before and after the first episode (2022)

The AI-ECG probability progressively increases with time prior to the first AF episode, transiently decreases 1-2 years following AF and continues to increase thereafter.
Structural Insights into the Design of Nonpeptidic Isothiazolidinone-containing Inhibitors of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (2006)

Structural analyses of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) active site and inhibitor complexes have aided in optimization of a peptide inhibitor containing the novel (S)-isothiazolidinone (IZD) phosphonate mimetic. Potency and permeability were simultaneously improved by replacing the polar peptidic backbone of the inhibitor with nonpeptidic moieties. The C-terminal primary amide was replaced with a benzimidazole ring, which hydrogen bonds to the carboxylate of Asp(48), and the N terminus of the peptide was replaced with an aryl sulfonamide, which hydrogen bonds to Asp(48) and the backbone NH of Arg(47) via a water molecule. Although both substituents retain the favorable hydrogen bonding network of the peptide scaffold, their aryl rings interact weakly with the protein. The aryl ring of benzimidazole is partially solvent exposed and only participates in van der Waals interactions with Phe(182) of the flap. The aryl ring of aryl sulfonamide adopts an unexpected conformation and only participates in intramolecular pi-stacking interactions with the benzimidazole ring. These results explain the flat SAR for substitutions on both rings and the reason why unsubstituted moieties were selected as candidates. Finally, substituents ortho to the IZD heterocycle on the aryl ring of the IZD-phenyl moiety bind in a small narrow site adjacent to the primary phosphate binding pocket. The crystal structure of an o-chloro derivative reveals that chlorine interacts extensively with residues in the small site. The structural insights that have led to the discovery of potent benzimidazole aryl sulfonamide o-substituted derivatives are discussed in detail.
SROS: a dynamically-scalable distributed real-time operating system for ATM switching network (2002)

We introduce a noble fault-tolerant distributed real-time operating system, SROS (Scalable Real-time Operating System), that is successfully implemented and working in an ATM switching system for B-ISDN. SROS is based on a micro-kernel for the purpose of achieving portability, scalability and reusability. In addition, to reduce system development period and to preserve call service continuity during system/application software upgrade, SROS adopts a dynamic code binding (DCB) method that enables system/application software upgrade without system halt or service disconnection. We also propose a cool development environment suitable for an embedded, distributed real-time system. This environment, together with SROS mechanisms, greatly cuts down the system development time.
Celebrating 25 Years of the IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology (2008)

The 15 papers in this special issue are historical perspectives from leading figures concerning various technologies that have had great impact on the field of lightwave technology.
Cryptococcus neoformans capsule protects cell from oxygen reactive species generated by antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (2011)

Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (APDI) is based on the utilization of substances that can photosensitize biological tissues and are capable of being activated in the presence of light. <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> is an yeast surrounded by a capsule composed primarily of glucoronoxylomannan that plays an important role in its virulence. This yeast causes infection on skin, lungs and brain that can be associated with neurological sequelae and neurosurgical interventions, and its conventional treatment requires prolonged antifungal therapy, which presents important adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> capsule against reactive oxygen species generated by APDI. <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> KN99&alpha;, which is a strain able to produce capsule, and CAP59 that does not present capsule production were submitted to APDI using methylene blue (MB), rose bengal (RB), and pL-ce6 as photosensitizers (PS). Then microbial inactivation was evaluated by counting colony form units following APDI and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) illustrated localization as well as the preferential accumulation of PS into the fungal cells. <i>C. neoformans</i> KN99&alpha; was more resistant to APDI than CAP59 for all PSs tested. CLSM showed incorporation of MB and RB into the cytoplasm and a preferential uptake in mitochondria. A nuclear accumulation of MB was also observed. Contrarily, pL-ce6 appears accumulated in cell wall and cell membrane and minimal florescence was observed inside the fungal cells. In conclusion, the ability of <i>C. neoformans</i> to form capsule enhances survival following APDI.
Lumbo-Sacral Chordoma with High-Grade Malignant Cartilaginous and Spindle Cell Components (1990)

A recurrent lumbo-sacral chordoma with high-grade cartilaginous and spindle cell components is described. The tumor was excised from a 71-year-old man who previously had a conventional chordoma resected from his sacrum 26 years earlier. The original conventional chordoma was treated postoperatively with external beam radiation therapy, and the patient was free of disease until he presented at the age of 71 with leg weakness. Computerized tomography revealed a lumbo-sacral soft tissue mass. This was excised and found to have three distinct histologic aspects. The largest component was that of a conventional chordoma. The second component consisted of islands of malignant cartilage intimately admixed with the cells of the conventional chordoma. The third component consisted of high-grade malignant, poorly differentiated spindle cells. This case suggests that chondroid chordomas do exist and that they may also occur outside of the spheno-occipital region.
Correction: Metabolic Signatures of Extreme Longevity in Northern Italian Centenarians Reveal a Complex Remodeling of Lipids, Amino Acids, and Gut Microbiota Metabolism (2013)

The aging phenotype in humans has been thoroughly studied but a detailed metabolic profiling capable of shading light on the underpinning biological processes of longevity is still missing. Here using a combined metabonomics approach compromising holistic 1 H-NMR profiling and targeted MS approaches, we report for the first time the metabolic phenotype of longevity in a well characterized human aging cohort compromising mostly female centenarians, elderly, and young individuals. With increasing age, targeted MS profiling of blood serum displayed a marked decrease in tryptophan concentration, while an unique alteration of specific glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are seen in the longevity phenotype. We hypothesized that the overall lipidome changes specific to longevity putatively reflect centenarians' unique capacity to adapt/respond to the accumulating oxidative and chronic inflammatory conditions characteristic of their extreme aging phenotype. Our data in centenarians support promotion of cellular detoxification mechanisms through specific modulation of the arachidonic acid metabolic cascade as we underpinned increased concentration of 8,9-EpETrE, suggesting enhanced cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity. Such effective mechanism might result in the activation of an anti-oxidative response, as displayed by decreased circulating levels of 9-HODE and 9-oxoODE, markers of lipid peroxidation and oxidative products of linoleic acid. Lastly, we also revealed that the longevity process deeply affects the structure and composition of the human gut microbiota as shown by the increased extrection of phenylacetylglutamine (PAG) and pcresol sulfate (PCS) in urine of centenarians. Together, our novel approach in this representative Italian longevity cohort support the hypothesis that a complex remodeling of lipid, amino acid metabolism, and of gut microbiota functionality are key regulatory processes marking exceptional longevity in humans.
Enthalpy of formation of antisite defects and antistructure pairs in III-V compound semiconductors (1989)

A formulation for estimating the enthalpy of formation of neutral, isolated antisite defects in III-V compound semiconductors is presented, in which it is assumed that the formation enthalpy is comprised of disorder and electronic contributions. The disorder contribution was previously calculated by Van Vechten [J. Electrochem. Soc. 122, 423 (1975); Handbook on Semiconductors, edited by S. P. Keller (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1989), Vol. 3, Chap. 1]. The electronic contribution is equal to the difference of the donor (acceptor) levels with the valence-band maximum (conduction-band minimum). The enthalpy of formation of neutral, singly, and doubly ionized, isolated antisites is estimated for GaAs and InP. The enthalpy of formation of neutral antistructure pairs in wide band-gap III-V semiconductors is calculated assuming that the binding energy is given by the electrostatic energy of a doubly ionized nearest-neighbor pair of antisites separated by a normal lattice site. The enthalpy of formation of neutral antistructure pairs in the narrow band-gap III-V semiconductors InAs and InSb is estimated assuming the binding energy is twice the band-gap energy.
Direct Left Ventricle-to-Coronary Artery Stent Restores Perfusion to Chronic Ischemic Swine Myocardium (2006)

Chronic VSTENT placement improves RMP and may promote arterial remodeling in chronically ischemic porcine myocardium.
Titelbild: Directed 1D Assembly of a Ring‐Shaped Inorganic Nanocluster Templated by an Organic Rigid‐Rod Molecule: An Inorganic/Organic Polypseudorotaxane (Angew. Chem. 11/2008) (2008)

Ein organisch-anorganisches Polypseudorotaxan entsteht bei der Aggregation eines ringförmigen Polyoxomolybdatclusters mit einem starren molekularen Stab, der über eine hohe Affinität für den Polyoxomolybdat-Oberfläche verfügt. A. Tsuda, T. Aida und Mitarbeiter erklären in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 2100 ff., dass dabei ein eindimensionales Nanoobjekt resultiert, in dem die Polyoxomolybdatcluster auf dem p-Phenylenbutadiinylen-Oligomer aufgereiht sind.
Rotor fault detection in field oriented controlled induction machines (2010)

The employment of inverter-fed induction machines in industrial plants is growing thanks to the continuously decreasing costs related to power electronics devices and microcontrollers. It is well known that a sudden failure in an asynchronous machine employed in a continuous process may cause severe profit losses: the possibility to early detect incipient faults is vital in order to avoid this scenario. The most widely studied induction machine fault is by far the rotor bar breakage. Many papers have been written about methods allowing the detection of rotor defects. However, very few of them are specifically devoted to inverter-fed machines and does not take account the effect of the control technique and possibly feedback loops. In previous work the authors have presented two rotor fault indexes which evaluate the ratio between the amplitude of the electrical power oscillation drawn by the induction machine and its average value. Both of the indexes have proven to be effective with open loop and closed loop V/f control as well as with a sensorless vector control strategy. In this paper, the applicability of the aforementioned diagnostic techniques to field oriented controlled induction machines will be discussed.
Controllable and reproducible calcium phosphate deposition on rapid prototyped titanium scaffods by perfusion electrodeposition (2009)

status: Published
Scalable production of core–shell nanoparticles by flash nanocomplexation to enhance mucosal transport for oral delivery of insulin (2018)

Scalable manufacturing continues to present a major barrier for clinical translation of nanotherapeutics. Methods available for fabricating protein-encapsulating nanoparticles in a scalable fashion are scarce. Protein delivery often requires multiple functionalities to be incorporated into the same vehicle. Specifically for nanoparticle-mediated oral delivery of protein therapeutics, protection in GI tract, site-specific release, facilitating transmucosal permeation, and enhancing epithelial transport are a few desirable features to be engineered into a nanoparticle system. Here we devised a sequential flash nanocomplexation (FNC) technique for the scalable production of a core-shell structured nanoparticle system by combining materials choice and particle size and structure to fulfill these functions, therefore enhancing the delivery efficiency of insulin. This method is highly effective in controlling the size, generating core-shell structure with high encapsulation efficiency (97%) and payload capacity (67%) using insulin/l-penetratin complex nanoparticles as a core coated with hyaluronic acid (HA). Both the in vitro and in vivo models confirmed that the HA coating on these core-shell nanoparticles enhanced the permeation of nanoparticles through the intestinal mucus layer and improved trans-epithelial absorption of insulin nanoparticles; and the enhancement effect was most prominent using HA with the highest average molecular weight. The insulin-loaded nanoparticles were then encapsulated into enteric microcapsules (MCs) in an FNC process to provide additional protection against the acidic environment in the stomach while allowing rapid release of insulin nanoparticles when they reach small intestine. The optimized multifunctional MCs delivered an effective glucose reduction in a Type I diabetes rat model following a single oral administration, yielding a relative bioavailability of 11% in comparison with subcutaneous injection of free-form insulin. This FNC technique is highly effective in controlling particle size and structure to improve delivery properties and function. It can be easily extended to oral delivery for other protein therapeutics.
Myocardial Dysfunction in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors Treated at Ages 40–50 Years (2019)

Impaired GLS and increased NT-proBNP levels are present in a substantial proportion of young BC survivors treated with anthracyclines. Whether this will lead to future cardiac disease needs to be evaluated by longitudinal assessment.
Definition and Application of a Process Flexibility Index (2003)

A performance index, Cf, is developed for assessing the flexibility of candidate engineering designs and manufacturing processes at various stages during product development. The index is a ratio of the range of the feasible space to the range of the specification or measured process variation. The process flexibility index complements the process capability index, Cp, to provide a simple and quantitative basis for practicing the principles of axiomatic design. This quantitative measure can be used to support rational product development and manufacturing investment decisions, and clearly illustrates important concepts regarding controllability across conflicting specifications. A high Cp indicates that the design or process can consistently manufacture the product within precisely defined performance specifications. A high Cf indicates that the process can be easily changed to meet diverse performance specifications. The evaluation of Cf requires the mapping of the global feasible space, the solution to which is also discussed.
Modeling and simulation of a hybrid-electric vehicle drivetrain (1997)

The drivetrain of a hybrid-electric vehicle is modeled and simulated from a system level approach. The need for accurate dynamic models for developing control algorithms is motivated. Detailed models capable of describing both transient and steady-state operation of each of the key drivetrain components are constructed. Bond graphs are the tool of choice for modeling because they focus on mechanisms of energy generation, storage, and dissipation. Further, they permit integration of submodels, give insight into component interaction, and allow straightforward derivation of governing equations. The following component models are presented: transmission, vehicle chassis/body, three-phase AC induction motor, lead-acid battery, and four cycle, four stroke, spark ignited internal combustion engine. Simulation results for these components are presented.
Carotid stiffness change over the cardiac cycle by ultrafast ultrasound imaging in healthy volunteers and vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (2015)

Ultrafast ultrasound imaging can evaluate carotid PWV and its variation over the cardiac cycle. This allowed to demonstrate the age-induced increase of the arterial diastolic-systolic stiffening in healthy people and a lower stiffening in vEDS, both characterized by arterial complications. We believe that this easy-to-use technique could offer the opportunity to go beyond the diastolic PWV to better characterize arterial stiffness change with age or other collagen alterations.
Nonlinear temporal dynamics of a strongly coupled quantum-dot–cavity system (2012)

We theoretically analyze the temporal dynamics of strongly coupled quantum-dot--cavity system driven by a resonant laser pulse and observe the signature of Rabi oscillation in the time-resolved response of the system (i.e., in the numerically calculated cavity output). We derive simplified linear and nonlinear semiclassical models that approximate well the system's behavior in the limits of high- and low-power driving pulses and describe the role of quantum coherence in the exact dynamics of the system. Finally, we also present time-resolved transmission measurements showing the dynamics of a quantum-dot--cavity system in the presence of a short laser pulse.