gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Biomechanical Comparison of First Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis Using Crossed Screws and Shape-Memory Staples in Various Configurations (2016)

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is a commonly performed procedure for the treatment of hallux rigidus. A range of fixation methods have been used. Most recently, the shape-memory staple has been described. Made from an equiatomic alloy, the staple changes its shape when heated to body temperature so as to provide compression across the arthrodesis. We aimed to determine load to failure, cyclic loading and failure characteristics of different staple configurations compared to crossed screws. Methods: A cadaveric porcine model was used to simulate first MTPJ arthrodesis. Five forms of fixation were tested: single vertical staple; single horizontal staple; paired staples in orthogonal superior-inferior and medial-lateral configuration (0-90° to sagittal plane); paired staples in an oblique orthogonal configuration (45-135° to sagittal plane); two crossed screws. Using a materials-testing machine, specimens were loaded in dorsiflexion to simulate weight bearing. Cyclical loading was performed from 5-40N at a rate of 0.5 Hz for 1000 cycles. Plantar gapping, shear and creep were measured. Specimens were then loaded to failure in order to generate a load-displacement curve. The mechanism of failure was noted for each group. Results: Single staple configurations failed at very low loads. Single vertical staples failed at a mean load 15N±5N and single horizontal staples at 19N±3N. Mean failure load for paired 0-90° staples was 43N±9N which was significantly lower than the paired 45-135° staples which failed at 141N±25N (p &lt; 0.001) and crossed screws, which failed at 180N±67N (p &lt; 0.001). The was no significant difference between the 45-135° staples and crossed screws. Cyclic testing demonstrated plantar gap formation of 0.2mm±0.1 mm in the crossed screw specimens and 0.4mm±0.4 mm in the 45-135° staple specimens. However, stapled specimens demonstrated more shear compared to crossed screws (mean 1.0mm±0.5 mm compared to 0.14mm±0.4 mm, p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, crossed screw specimens showed mainly plastic deformation whereas stapled specimens showed combined plastic and elastic deformation. Conclusion: First MTPJ arthrodeses fixed with single staples failed at very low loads and cannot be recommended. The widely accepted 0-90° orthogonal staple configuration proved to be significantly less strong than two crossed screws. However, changing staple position to an oblique configuration at 45° and 135° to the sagittal plane significantly improved stability, rendering the construct as strong as crossed screws. Nevertheless, none of the constructs would have been strong enough to withstand full weight-bearing in the immediate post-operative period.
Vascular Health Indices and Cognitive Domain Function: Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies (2016)

The results support a link between systemic vascular health and neurocognitive function in older Asian adults. Subclinical noninvasive measures of arterial stiffness and reactivity may identify individuals vulnerable to cognitive impairment.
Neon and CO2Adsorption on Open Carbon Nanohorns (2013)

We present the results of a thermodynamics and kinetics study of the adsorption of neon and carbon dioxide on aggregates of chemically opened carbon nanohorns. Both the equilibrium adsorption characteristics, as well as the dependence of the kinetic behavior on sorbent loading, are different for these two adsorbates. For neon the adsorption isotherms display two steps before reaching the saturated vapor pressure, corresponding to adsorption on strong and on weak binding sites; the isosteric heat of adsorption is a decreasing function of sorbent loading (this quantity varies by about a factor of 2 on the range of loadings studied), and the speed of the adsorption kinetics increases with increasing loading. By contrast, for carbon dioxide there are no substeps in the adsorption isotherms; the isosteric heat is a nonmonotonic function of loading, the value of the isosteric heat never differs from the bulk heat of sublimation by more than 15%, and the kinetic behavior is opposite to that of neon, with equilibration times increasing for higher sorbent loadings. We explain the difference in the equilibrium properties observed for neon and carbon dioxide in terms of differences in the relative strengths of adsorbate-adsorbate to adsorbate-sorbent interaction for these species.
Reliability of hybrid-drain-embedded gate injection transistor (2017)

Reliability tests on 600V-rated GaN-based normally-off hybrid-drain-embedded Gate Injection Transistor (HD-GIT) are performed. High-temperature reverse-bias test on HD-GIT reveals that the lifetime is dependent on the leakage current before the reliability test. Acceleration factors for the temperature and reverse bias voltage are extracted. Based on the obtained results, devices are designed so that their lifetimes under V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 480V (80% de-rated) at 80°C are longer than 1000 years, which are long enough for most conventional power converter applications. Dynamic high-temperature operation life test is also performed, under which their DC characteristics are within their normal range up to 3600h. In addition, HD-GITs are within their normal range under the similar reliability tests as applied for Si-based power transistors. The physical mechanisms for the reliability of HD-GIT are discussed. We conclude that the OFF-state reliability is explained by the so-called percolation degradation model, and that the hole injection from the p-type GaN embedded in the drain plays an important role to suppress the degradation under hard-switching operation test.
Single-Wavelength, Single-Photodiode per Polarization 276 Gb/s PDM 8-QAM over 100 km of SSMF (2018)

We demonstrate heterodyne detection of 46 Gbaud polarization-multiplexed QAM signaling using a transmitter based on a conventional dual-polarization I/Q modulator and a receiver consisting of two single-photodiodes without a local oscillator.
Protein-Folding Systems (2014)

This chapter describes the known members of archaeal protein-folding pathways, including not only the heat-shock-regulated members, but also the non-heat-shock-regulated protein chaperones. The major chaperone classes, heat shock protein (Hsp) 100 and Hsp90/Hsp83, are absent from the genomes of the hyperthermophilic archaea, although they are present in several mesophilic and thermophilic archaea. In archaea, with one exception, prefoldins are hexamers consisting of two α-subunits and four β-subunits, which act as generalized holding chaperones. The holding-and-release mechanism of the archaeal prefoldins has recently been elucidated. The archaeal group II chaperonins form toroidal double rings with an eightor ninefold symmetry, consisting of homologous subunits. The subunit composition of the chaperonin complexes in several archaea changes with growth temperature. The known properties, arrest and ATPase activity, and structural characteristics of archaeal chaperonins are provided in this chapter. The helical protrusion is strictly conserved among group II chaperonins. The existing evidence indicates that asymmetric and symmetric molecules are present in the functional ATPase cycle of archaeal group II chaperonins. The coexistence of both groups of chaperonins in the same cytosol in the Methanosarcina species provides a useful model system for studying the differential substrate specificities of the group I and II chaperonins, and for elucidating how newly synthesized proteins are sorted from the ribosome to the appropriate chaperonin for folding.
Calculation of temperature profiles in solid-state laser disks mounted on multi-layered heat spreaders using Hankel transforms (2016)

The main challenge in disk laser design is the realization of efficient heat removal from the pumped area by optimizing the heat spreader design and the water impingement cooling. This generally requires the calculation of the temperature distribution in the disk by numerically solving the heat conduction equation using finite element algorithms. We have developed a simple method to calculate disk temperature profiles that is based on analytically solving the heat conduction equation in Hankel transform space. This method can be applied to disks that are mounted on multi-layered, water-cooled heat spreaders, which may include glue or solder layers and dielectric coating layers. The temperature and heat fluxes at the interfaces of the layers are connected via a heat transfer matrix, which allows for straightforward incorporation of additional heat sink layers or an undoped cap into the model. This generalized model allows for the parametric optimization of the heat distribution in pumped solid-state laser and semiconductor laser disks.
Adipocyte Differentiation of SOD2−/− Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Is Associated with Decreased Antioxidant Reserves and Is Reversed by the Antioxidant WR2721 (Amifostine). (2004)

Abstract Cell lines from homozygous deletion recombinant negative manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2 −/−) mice have intrinsic ionizing radiation sensitivity that is reversed by expression of the transgene for human SOD2 (Radiation Research154:365, 2000). This study tests whether redox status influences adipocyte differentiation potential of bone marrow stromal cells by comparing the differentiation potential of SOD2−/− and SOD2 +/+ bone marrow stromal cell lines. Cells were cultured in basal medium (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium, 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin +/− adipocytogenic supplements (10 μg/ml insulin, 1 μM dexamethasone, 100 mM indomethacin)). Adipocytogenesis was assessed by spectrophotometric content of oil red-O dye and by RT-PCR for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity or glutathione (GSH) levels were measured by a Glutathione Peroxidase, Cellular Assay Kit or Glutathione Assay Kit, respectively, by Calbiochem, Inc. SOD2+/+ cells developed adipocytes only when treated with adipocytogenic supplements and expressed PPARγ and LPL at day 5. SOD2−/− cells cultured in basal conditions demonstrated constitutive adipocytogenesis. The level of GPX activity in SOD2−/− cells (43.2 ± 3.5 mU/ml) was 52.7% (p&lt;0.001) of that in SOD2+/+ cells (82.0 ± 2.3). The level of GSH in SOD2−/− cells (173 ± 2 μM) was 78.6% (p=0.0089) of that in SOD2+/+ cells (220 ± 4 μM). Three day treatment of SOD2−/−with 4 mM WR2721 resulted in 22% reduction in oil red-O content. In addition, in SOD2−/− cells cultured in adipocytogenic medium, 3-day treatment in 4 mM WR2721 resulted in 46% reduction in oil red-O content and undetectable expression of PPARγ and LPL. In conclusion, WR2721 limits constitutive adipocytogenesis and inhibits induced adipocytogenesis in SOD2−/− cells. These data provide evidence for the involvement of the cellular redox pathway in adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells.
A Rapid Capillary-Pressure Driven Micro-Channel to Demonstrate Newtonian Fluid Behavior of Zebrafish Blood at High Shear Rates (2017)

Blood viscosity provides the rheological basis to elucidate shear stress underlying developmental cardiac mechanics and physiology. Zebrafish is a high throughput model for developmental biology, forward-genetics, and drug discovery. The micro-scale posed an experimental challenge to measure blood viscosity. To address this challenge, a microfluidic viscometer driven by surface tension was developed to reduce the sample volume required (3μL) for rapid (<2 min) and continuous viscosity measurement. By fitting the power-law fluid model to the travel distance of blood through the micro-channel as a function of time and channel configuration, the experimentally acquired blood viscosity was compared with a vacuum-driven capillary viscometer at high shear rates (>500 s<sup>-1</sup>), at which the power law exponent (n) of zebrafish blood was nearly 1 behaving as a Newtonian fluid. The measured values of whole blood from the micro-channel (4.17cP) and the vacuum method (4.22cP) at 500 s<sup>-1</sup> were closely correlated at 27 °C. A calibration curve was established for viscosity as a function of hematocrits to predict a rise and fall in viscosity during embryonic development. Thus, our rapid capillary pressure-driven micro-channel revealed the Newtonian fluid behavior of zebrafish blood at high shear rates and the dynamic viscosity during development.
MatFormer (2022)

Procedural material graphs are a compact, parameteric, and resolution-independent representation that are a popular choice for material authoring. However, designing procedural materials requires significant expertise and publicly accessible libraries contain only a few thousand such graphs. We present MatFormer, a generative model that can produce a diverse set of high-quality procedural materials with complex spatial patterns and appearance. While procedural materials can be modeled as directed (operation) graphs, they contain arbitrary numbers of heterogeneous nodes with unstructured, often long-range node connections, and functional constraints on node parameters and connections. MatFormer addresses these challenges with a multi-stage transformer-based model that sequentially generates nodes, node parameters, and edges, while ensuring the semantic validity of the graph. In addition to generation, MatFormer can be used for the auto-completion and exploration of partial material graphs. We qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrate that our method outperforms alternative approaches, in both generated graph and material quality.
Supplementary Data from GATA6 Expression Distinguishes Classical and Basal-like Subtypes in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Data from GATA6 Expression Distinguishes Classical and Basal-like Subtypes in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Emerging materials for tailorable nanophotonic devices (2018)

We report on two classes of emerging materials, ultra-thin TiN and MXenes, as a potential material platform for plasmonic metamaterials. Due to their increased sensitivity to structural and compositional parameters, both ultra-thin TiN and MXenese are promising candidates for tailorable nanophotonic devices.
Efficacy analysis of a phase III study of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) +/- docetaxel (D) for men with biochemical relapse (BCR) after prostatectomy. (2015)

5011 Background: The optimal treatment (tx) of men with castration sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) who biochemically recur following a radical prostatectomy (RRP) is not known. Data from E3805 suggest that men with metastatic CSPC live longer if they receive D in addition to ADT relative to ADT alone. We tested this hypothesis in non-metastatic CSPC, via a phase III study (TAX3503). Methods: PC pts who underwent an RRP with BCR and a doubling time ≤ 9 months (mo) were eligible. PSA ≥ 1 ng/mL and testosterone ≥100 ng/dl were required. Randomization was 1:1 to receive leuprolide 22.5 mg q3 mo x 18 mo, bicalutamide 50 mg x 30 days, with D at 75 mg/m2 q3 weeks x 10 cycles (Arm A) or without D (Arm B). The primary endpoint was PFS defined as a detectable PSA or death. Pts with T recovery >50 ng/dl were evaluable. The intent to treat population (ITT) was also examined. A sample size of 412, to yield 370 evaluable pts, was calculated to detect a HR of 1.6 with 90% power. The trial was closed by the sponsor after the pts completed treatment; remaining pts were then followed to PFS via a registry for 18 mo’s. A test to detect a difference in the hazard rates between arms was generated by the log rank statistic. Results: 413 pts were randomized. Median f/u time in the ITT population was 31.5 mo’s (0.0-60.2). Data are summarized below in the Table. Conclusions: The clinical benefit of ADT + D relative to ADT alone in men with high-risk BCR after RRP appears to be marginal, although there is a statistical trend towards improved PFS. Data are limited by the biases intrinsic to post-protocol registries and by short duration of follow up, although tracking of pts continues. Clinical trial information: NCT01813370. Population Arm N Events Median PFS (95% CI) 1yr PFS prob 2yr PFS prob 3yr PFS prob HR (A vs. B) All randomized A 207 138 25.6 (25.0,27.8) 0.952 (0.910,0.975) 0.593 (0.514,0.663) 0.189 (0.130,0.257) 1.270 (1.006,1.603) P=0.044 B 206 148 23.1 (22.6,25.0) 0.960 (0.921,0.980) 0.472 (0.396,0.544) 0.104 (0.059,0.165) T-recovered A 129 106 26.5 (25.3,28.1) 0.961 (0.909,0.984) 0.641 (0.552,0.718) 0.202 (0.133,0.280) 1.285 (0.980,1.683) P=0.070 B 130 107 24.8 (22.9,25.3) 0.992 (0.947,0.999) 0.527 (0.437,0.609) 0.115 (0.060,0.188)
Plasma etching processes for nanoCMOS and nanoelectronics devices (2010)

International audience
Numerical Optimization of a Walk-on-Spheres Solver for the Linear Poisson-Boltzmann Equation (2013)

Abstract Stochastic walk-on-spheres (WOS) algorithms for solving the linearized Poisson-Boltzmann equation (LPBE) provide several attractive features not available in traditional deterministic solvers: Gaussian error bars can be computed easily, the algorithm is readily parallelized and requires minimal memory and multiple solvent environments can be accounted for by reweighting trajectories. However, previously-reported computational times of these Monte Carlo methods were not competitive with existing deterministic numerical methods. The present paper demonstrates a series of numerical optimizations that collectively make the computational time of these Monte Carlo LPBE solvers competitive with deterministic methods. The optimization techniques used are to ensure that each atom’s contribution to the variance of the electrostatic solvation free energy is the same, to optimize the bias-generating parameters in the algorithm and to use an epsilon-approximate rather than exact nearest-neighbor search when determining the size of the next step in the Brownian motion when outside the molecule.
New approaches to rapidly control foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks (2003)

Economically, foot-and-mouth disease is the most important viral-induced livestock disease worldwide. The disease is highly contagious and foot-and-mouth disease virus replicates and spreads extremely rapidly. Recent outbreaks in previously foot-and-mouth disease-free countries and the potential use of foot-and-mouth disease virus by terrorist groups have demonstrated the vulnerability of countries and the need to develop control strategies that can rapidly inhibit or limit spread of the disease. The current vaccine, an inactivated whole-virus preparation, has a number of limitations for use in outbreaks in disease-free countries. This review discusses the potential of the antiviral agent, Type I interferon, to produce rapid protection and proposes a combination strategy of an antiviral agent and a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine to induce both immediate and long-lasting protective responses.
Cerebral Pressure Autoregulation and Carbon Dioxide Reactivity During Propofol-Induced EEG Suppression (1995)

Department of Anesthaiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
Versatile Building Blocks For Multirate Processing Of Bandpass Signals (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
CSTB - Priorité scientifique et technique "Usages - Santé - Confort" : bilan 2010-2013, rapport final (2014)

71 p.
Measurement of eye diagrams and constellation diagrams of optical sources using linear optics and waveguide technology (2005)

We demonstrate the characterization of optical sources with high sensitivity, high temporal resolution, and phase sensitivity using linear optical sampling. Eye diagrams and constellation diagrams are reconstructed using the interference of the source under test with a train of sampling pulses. This concept is implemented using a waveguide optical hybrid, which splits and recombines the sources and adjusts the phase between the recombined signals to provide optimal detection. This diagnostic is used to characterize on-off keyed (OOK) waveforms at rates up to 640 Gb/s and various phase-shift keyed (PSK) signals at 10 and 40 Gb/s.
Characterization of errors in compositing panoramic images (2002)

In this paper we describe the effect of errors in the intrinsic camera parameters on reconstructed panoramic images. A panoramic image is created by first capturing a sequence of images while rotating the camera about a vertical axis a full 360/spl deg/. The subsequent steps are projecting the original rectilinear images onto cylindrical surfaces and compositing them to form the panoramic image. Our analysis has led to a technique that allows simultaneous recovery of the camera focal length and properly composited panoramic images. The correct focal length can be determined by iterating the processes of projecting the original rectilinear images onto cylindrical surfaces given an estimate of the focal length and compositing the resulting images to yield an increasingly better estimate of the focal length. This paper shows that the convergence towards the correct focal length is exponential.
Discovery of a Novel Class of Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridines with Potent PDGFR Activity and Oral Bioavailability (2013)

The in silico construction of a PDGFRβ kinase homology model and ensuing medicinal chemistry guided by molecular modeling, led to the identification of potent, small molecule inhibitors of PDGFR. Subsequent exploration of structure-activity relationships (SAR) led to the incorporation of a constrained secondary amine to enhance selectivity. Further refinements led to the integration of a fluorine substituted piperidine, which resulted in significant reduction of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) mediated efflux and improved bioavailability. Compound 28 displayed oral exposure in rodents and had a pronounced effect in a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) assay.
DEFLECTION LIMITS FOR TEMPORARY CONCRETE BARRIERS (2002)

Whenever a traffic control plan is developed that utilizes temporary barriers, it is important to define acceptable barrier deflection criteria. However, the acceptable deflection criteria can be expected to vary, depending on the application. When temporary concrete barriers are used on the edge of a bridge, the risk of the entire line of barriers falling off of the deck required that deflection limits be selected to preclude such behavior in almost all impact scenarios. Hence, it is recommended that at the edge of a bridge deck, design deflection limits should be selected to contain more than 95% of all crashes. In all other barrier applications, the consequences of a barrier exceeding the design deflection criteria are not severe. In these situations, a more modest deflection limit criterion based on an 85th percentile impact condition is more appropriate. Previous crash testing according to NCHRP Report No. 350 has shown that most temporary barrier systems have produced large lateral deflections, high vehicle climb, and high roll angles when subjected to such an extreme impact. However, it is generally accepted that the Test Level 3 (TL-3) strength test with a 3/4-ton pickup truck represents an extreme impact severity that is infrequently encountered in real world accidents. Additional crash tests could be conducted to determine the deflection of temporary barriers at reduced impact condition but the cost would be extremely high. Therefore, computer simulation was used to estimate the deflection of barriers impacted under the 85th percentile impact conditions. Finally, recommendations were made pertaining to the two different design deflection limits that should be used for the Iowa temporary concrete barrier.