gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Layer MoS2 FET with Small Hysteresis by Using Atomic Layer Deposition Al2O3 as Gate Insulator (2014)

The speed of integrated circuits has become one of the key technical concerns in order to be able to improve the performance of microelectronics devices. A complex device structure and high cost process technology are required in order to increase the clock speed of a functional circuit built with conventional Sifield effect transistors (FETs), and the low electron mobility of amorphous Si (∼ 1c m 2 /V s) is undesirable for some applications in large area electronics. For example, the low mobility is a bottleneck that prevents fabricating active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCD) with high resolutions and high driving speeds. 1 Two-dimensionalmaterials,suchasgraphene,maybeabletoovercome some of the shortcomings presented by Si materials. Graphene has mobility on the order of 10,000 cm 2 /V ·s, but another property inherent to graphene is its zero band-gap, which introduces many technical challenges to realize reliable, high-performance devices. 2 Semiconducting transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), are two-dimensional materials similar to graphene, and they are considered to be potential replacement for amorphous Si. In MoS2, Mo and S atoms are strongly bonded with covalent bonds within each layer, while interlayer bonding is maintained via weak Van der Waals interactions. 3 In addition, MoS2 has a sizable band-gap, with an indirect band-gap of 1.2 eV for bulk material and a direct band-gap of 1.8 eV for a single-layer configuration. 3 This property of MoS2 leads to a low off-current when a MoS2 FET is fabricated. 4
Electrical dispersion compensation for different modulation formats with optical filtering (2006)

We present electrical dispersion compensation by using maximum-likelihood-sequence-estimation (MLSE) and decision-feedback-equalization for different modulation formats. Especially, MLSE performance with strong optical filtering is investigated.
Can We Ever Get to a 100 nm Tall Library? Power Rail Design for 1nm Technology Node (2020)

We explore six different PR (Power Rail) design options in the range of library cell heights from 100 nm to 130 nm for the 1nm design rules (i.e. CPP (Contacted Poly Pitch) of 40 nm and minimum MP (Metal Pitch) of 20 nm). All these design options include 4 tracks for signal routing but different width of the power rails, ranging from conventional power rail design to the power rails having larger thickness than the signal wires on the same metal layer; BPR (Buried Power Rails); and a combination of the conventional and buried power rails. Ru (ruthenium) and Mo (molybdenum) metals with subtractive process (i.e. deposit and etch instead of the damascene process) are considered for both the power rail and the signal routing. The six technology/design options are benchmarked based on PPA (Power-Performance-Area) analysis of a routed GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) logic block operated at HP (High Performance).
Deficiency of the placenta- and yolk sac-specific tristetraprolin family member ZFP36L3 identifies likely mRNA targets and an unexpected link to placental iron metabolism (2016)

The ZFP36L3 protein is a rodent-specific, placenta- and yolk sac-specific member of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins. These proteins bind to AU-rich elements in target mRNAs, and promote their deadenylation and decay. We addressed the hypotheses that the absence of ZFP36L3 would result in the accumulation of target transcripts in placenta and/or yolk sac, and that some of these would be important for female reproductive physiology and overall fecundity. Mice deficient in ZFP36L3 exhibited decreased neonatal survival rates, but no apparent morphological changes in the placenta or surviving offspring. We found Zfp36l3 to be paternally imprinted, with profound parent-of-origin effects on gene expression. The protein was highly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the labyrinth layer of the placenta, and the epithelial cells of the yolk sac. RNA-Seq of placental mRNA from Zfp36l3 knockout (KO) mice revealed many significantly upregulated transcripts, whereas there were few changes in KO yolk sacs. Many of the upregulated placental transcripts exhibited decreased decay rates in differentiated trophoblast stem cells derived from KO blastocysts. Several dozen transcripts were deemed high probability targets of ZFP36L3; these include proteins known to be involved in trophoblast and placenta physiology. Type 1 transferrin receptor mRNA was unexpectedly decreased in KO placentas, despite an increase in its stability in KO stem cells. This receptor is crucial for placental iron uptake, and its decrease was accompanied by decreased iron stores in the KO fetus, suggesting that this intrauterine deficiency might have deleterious consequences in later life.
Protective ventilation to reduce inflammatory injury from one lung ventilation in a piglet model (2009)

Based on this model, PVS decreases inflammatory injury both systemically and in the lung tissue with no adverse effect on oxygenation, ventilation, or lung function.
Drying Impact on Semiconductor Surfaces after Innovative Solvent Exposure (2009)

The wafer direct bonding technique is very sensitive to surface adsorbed water; hence it is a useful way to characterize the impact of wafer drying. We have focused this work on the drying impact on surfaces after innovative solvent exposure, in a liquid or in a vapor phase, compared with standard isopropyl alcohol drying: we report characterization results from different techniques investigating both native and thermal oxide surfaces. We report promising drying through low surface tension solvent exposure, especially in a vapor phase.
Letter: diagnostic accuracy of M30 levels for identifying patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis – authors’ reply (2012)

We thank Dr Yilmaz for the comments.1 According to his suggestion, we compared 32 ‘definite non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)’ patients (NAS ≥ 5) with 42 ‘simple steatosis’ (NAS ≤ 2).2 If we excluded patients with ‘borderline NASH’, the area under the receiver operating-characteristics curve (AUROC) of CK-18 M30, M65 and M65ED in differentiating ‘definite NASH’ was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.88), 0.82 (0.72–0.92) and 0.85 (0.76–0.94) respectively. These results would be comparable to Yilmaz's report.3 However, we have a strong concern that it may lead to misinterpretation. As shown in Figure S3 of our paper, all biomarkers increased in a stepwise fashion with increasing features of NASH.4 The difference between ‘definite NASH’ and ‘simple steatosis’ would certainly be more dramatic than comparing ‘definite NASH’ with all other non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. However, we have a full spectrum of patients in real life, not just extreme cases.5 Including only extreme cases will overestimate the accuracy of non-invasive tests, an effect similar to evaluating liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography only in patients with advanced cirrhosis.6 On the other hand, our AUROC of M30 still appears to be lower than those in some other studies. Feldstein7 and Tamimi8 both reported that the AUROC for M30 was over 0.80 in differentiating NASH. We want to emphasise again that the better diagnostic performance may be explained by their inclusion of patients without NAFLD in the ‘non-NASH’ group. If we included both NAFLD patients and control subjects in the analysis, the AUROC for M30, M65 and M65ED in differentiating NASH would be increased to 0.80, 0.83 and 0.83 respectively.9 Finally, we have evaluated the biomarkers using both NAS and the global histological assessment according to current recommendations. Relevant information can be found in Tables 1, 2, 5, S3 and Figures 1, 2B, S4B, S5B.4 The authors' declarations of personal and financial interests are unchanged from those in the original article.4
Trpc5 deficiency causes hypoprolactinemia and altered function of oscillatory dopamine neurons in the arcuate nucleus (2019)

Dopamine neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) tonically inhibit the release of the protein hormone prolactin from lactotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland and thus play a central role in prolactin homeostasis of the body. Prolactin, in turn, orchestrates numerous important biological functions such as maternal behavior, reproduction, and sexual arousal. Here, we identify the canonical transient receptor potential channel Trpc5 as an essential requirement for normal function of dopamine ARC neurons and prolactin homeostasis. By analyzing female mice carrying targeted mutations in the <i>Trpc5</i> gene including a conditional Trpc5 deletion, we show that Trpc5 is required for maintaining highly stereotyped infraslow membrane potential oscillations of dopamine ARC neurons. Trpc5 is also required for eliciting prolactin-evoked tonic plateau potentials in these neurons that are part of a regulatory feedback circuit. Trpc5 mutant females show severe prolactin deficiency or hypoprolactinemia that is associated with irregular reproductive cyclicity, gonadotropin imbalance, and impaired reproductive capabilities. These results reveal a previously unknown role for the cation channel Trpc5 in prolactin homeostasis of female mice and provide strategies to explore the genetic basis of reproductive disorders and other malfunctions associated with defective prolactin regulation in humans.
Robust Detection of Ionospheric Irregularities (2000)

The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) will
provide real-time differential GPS corrections and integrity
information for aircraft navigation use. The most
stringent application of this system will be precision
approach, where the system guides the aircraft to within a
few hundred feet of the ground. Precision approach
operations require the use of differential ionospheric
corrections. WAAS must incorporate information from
reference stations to create a correction map of the
ionosphere. More importantly, this map must contain
confidence bounds describing the integrity of the
corrections. The confidence bounds must be large enough
to describe the error in the correction, but tight enough to
allow the operation to proceed. The difficulty in
generating these corrections is that the reference station
measurements are not co-located with the aviation user
measurements. For an undisturbed ionosphere over the
Conterminous United States (CONUS), this is not a
problem as the ionosphere is nominally well behaved.
However, a concern is that irregularities in the ionosphere
will decrease the correlation between the ionosphere
observed by the reference stations and that seen by the
user. Therefore, it is essential to detect when such
irregularities may be present and adjust the confidence
bounds accordingly.
The approach outlined in this paper conservatively bounds
the ionospheric errors even for the worst observed
ionospheric conditions to date, using data sets taken from
the operational receivers in the WAAS reference station
network. As we progress through the current solar cycle
and gather more data on the behavior of the ionosphere,
many of our pessimistic assumptions will be relaxed.
This will result in higher availability while maintaining
full integrity.
Functional effects of susceptibility genes in osteoarthritis. (2011)

Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorder. Although osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease, it is known to have a significant genetic contribution. Identified genes so far, contributing to the prevalence and progression of the disease, belong to signaling pathways such as the bone morphogenetic protein and the wingless-type signaling families. These pathways are important during development and appear to be reactivated in postnatal joint homeostasis and repair. Among the most consistently associated genes, so far, are GDF5 and FRZB, which were both originally identified from a chondrogenic extract of articular cartilage. We focus on the functional aspects of these susceptibility genes and summarize recent evidence, obtained in specific animal models, for their possible roles in osteoarthritis. These data support the view that all tissues within the joint may contribute to osteoarthritis and that pathways important in skeletal development are also involved in the disease processes thereby presenting attractive therapeutic targets.
A 2‐Mb critical region implicated in the microcephaly associated with terminal 1q deletion syndrome (2007)

Patients with distal deletions of chromosome 1q have a recognizable syndrome that includes microcephaly, hypoplasia or agenesis of the corpus callosum, and psychomotor retardation. Although these symptoms have been attributed to deletions of 1q42-1q44, the minimal chromosomal region involved has not been identified. Using microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we have mapped the deleted regions in seven patients with terminal deletions of chromosome 1q to define a 2.0-Mb microcephaly critical region including the 1q43-1q44 boundary and no more than 11 genes.
Video quality management for mobile video application (2010)

This paper first briefly reviewed sources of visual quality degradation during video compression and also different video quality assessment techniques. It further extended discussion beyond video compression to other modules in different video application pipeline. Different video application is composed by different processing modules, such as sensor, video encoder, and display. Visual experience is not always determined by single module. Hence, the way of quantifying visual experience on different video applications should vary accordingly. Furthermore, users have very different expectation on visual experience in each application. Different quality assessment approach should be adopted based on various users' expectation.
Po‐Poster ‐ 33: A finite element model for bioluminescence imaging in small animals (2005)

Bioluminescence imaging is a powerful technique for visualizing gene expression in small animals but it suffers a serious limitation: the absorption and scattering of light in tissue. Several factors influence the image: source strength and depth, effective numerical aperture of the imaging optics, and attenuation by the tissue between the source and the camera. Our overall goal is to account for these effects and to recover the actual strength and spatial location of the bioluminescence sources in vivo . An essential first step in this research is to develop a physical model that accurately predicts the light reaching the surface of the animal for an arbitrary distribution of sources and optical absorption and scattering coefficients. The calculations must be fast, so that the model can be used eventually in an iterative algorithm to solve the inverse problem. We use the diffusion approximation, valid when scattering dominates absorption and when it is not necessary to calculate the light field close to sources. The diffusion equation expresses the light fluence rate as a function of position and the spatially dependent absorption coefficient, scattering coefficient, and source function. A finite element code called NIRFAST has been developed to generate numerical solutions. NIRFAST has been implemented in MATLAB and uses a 2 or 3 dimensional model to represent the object. The absorption and scattering coefficients are specified at each node of the mesh. We have assigned “reasonable” values of the absorption and scattering coefficients to each node based on tissue identification by x‐ray CT.
A polarization-controlled MIMO antenna with an optimum phase shift in accordance with various use scenarios (2015)

This paper presents a polarization-controlled MIMO antenna to realize ultra high-speed and high-capacity mobile communications. The proposed antenna is comprised of three orthogonal dipoles, which can be controlled using a weight function created based on the variation of cross polarization power ratio (XPR) and the antenna inclination angle. By adjusting a phase shift between the antenna elements to an optimum value in accordance with various use scenarios and XPRs, the MIMO channel capacity is increased significantly in comparison with a conventional fixed-phase shift antenna.
Weight for it… adaptive beamformers in passive acoustic mapping for cavitation imaging (2020)

As the applications of therapeutic ultrasound expand across neurological, oncological and musculoskeletal medicine, monitoring of cavitation activity offers the potential for non-invasive treatment guidance and optimization of safety and efficacy. When implemented with a distributed set of sensors, simple delay and sum beamformers can be effective for cavitation source detection, but localization and quantification capabilities may be hindered when using conventional diagnostic ultrasound arrays. More generally, when observations of the emitted field are limited by the quantity, bandwidth, and geometric distribution of the receivers employed, and/or are subject to uncertainties in array calibration and signal propagation path, â&amp;#x80;&amp;#x98;robust' data-adaptive beamformers can offer considerable improvements in the estimation of emission source properties. This paper reviews the concepts of adaptive beamformers—wherein outputs are calculated using data-dependent receiver weights—and their application to cavitation monitoring. Examples are presented for two such beamformers used in our laboratory, demonstrating their enhanced imaging capabilities, their relative computational cost, and the physical interpretation of their optimized weights. Finally, we discuss clinical translation of these techniques, critical factors in quantitative data interpretation, and how beamformed data can be used to estimate and correct for in vivo propagation effects.
[Effects of land management measures on nutrients emission]. (2009)

The SWAT model, coupled with a GIS, was applied to simulate the effects of fertilizer application, contour planting and returning land for farming to forestry on nutrients discharges. The results showed that when nitrogen fertilizer of agricultural land increased from 630 to 955 kg/hm2, and phosphorus fertilizer increased from 200 to 300 kg/hm2, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient emissions have shown a growing trend. Nitrate nitrogen loads reached to 3 776.59 kg which increased 19.7% and the rate of changes was the largest. The change rate of inorganic phosphorus was the smallest which increased only 2.7%. The impact of emission loads on nitrogen and phosphorus was the smallest if contour planting was adopted. When slope farmland which slope is greater than 25% all returned land for farming to forestry, the emission loads of various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased, organic phosphorus decreased 16.3% among them. Organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus compared with before returning land for farming to forestry, decreased 22.7%, 25.4% and 27.9% respectively. In small basin of Zhangjiachong, returning farmlands to forests and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer on the slope farmlands which slopes are larger than 25% have played a prominent role.
Multi-View Autostereoscopic Visualization using Bandwidth-Limited Channels (2011)

The increasing popularity of stereoscopic cinema and television paves the way for more advanced stereoscopic technologies, such as high-resolution multi-view autostereoscopic displays. The amount of information conveyed by such displays surpasses, however, the bandwidth capacity of the current broadcasting infrastructure. In this chapter, we will focus on technical solutions to overcome the bandwidth bottleneck that only minimally affect the viewer experience. The presented solutions consist of (1) employing depth-based free-viewpoint interpolation with the aim to reduce the number of views that need to be transmitted, (2) the optimal compression of the depth and texture images while minimizing the resulting image artifacts, and (3) the optimal resolution considerations for a given autostereoscopic display.
Using Model-based Intrusion Detection for SCADA Networks (2006)

CYD0682 attenuates endogenous and TGFβ-induced STAT3 activation and ECM production via an HSP90 dependent pathway in HSCs. Further study of this pathway may present new targets for therapeutic intervention in hepatic fibrosis.
An effective COVID-19 response in South America: the Uruguayan Conundrum (2020)

ABSTRACT Background South America has become the new epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 1.1M reported cases and &gt;50,000 deaths (June 2020). Conversely, Uruguay stands out as an outlier managing this health crisis with remarkable success. Methods We developed a molecular diagnostic test to detect SARS-CoV-2. This methodology was transferred to research institutes, public hospitals and academic laboratories all around the country, creating a “ COVID-19 diagnostic lab network ”. Uruguay also implemented active epidemiological surveillance following the “Test, Trace and Isolate” (TETRIS) strategy coupled to real-time genomic epidemiology. Results Three months after the first cases were detected, the number of positive individuals reached 826 (23 deaths, 112 active cases and 691 recovered). The Uruguayan strategy was based in a close synergy established between the national health authorities and the scientific community. In turn, academia rapidly responded to develop national RT-qPCR tests. Consequently, Uruguay was able to perform ∼1,000 molecular tests per day in a matter of weeks. The “ COVID-19 diagnostic lab network ” performed more than 54% of the molecular tests in the country. This, together with real- time genomics, were instrumental to implement the TETRIS strategy, helping to contain domestic transmission of the main outbreaks registered so far. Conclusions Uruguay has successfully navigated the first trimester of the COVID-19 health crisis in South America. A rapid response by the scientific community to increase testing capacity, together with national health authorities seeking out the support from the academia were fundamental to successfully contain, until now, the COVID-19 outbreak in the country.
RCM‐Mediated Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Containing Nitrogen Heterocycles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exploiting TERT dependency as a therapeutic strategy for NRAS-mutant melanoma (2018)

Targeting RAS is one of the greatest challenges in cancer therapy. Oncogenic mutations in NRAS are present in over 25% of melanomas and patients whose tumors harbor NRAS mutations have limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Thus far, there are no clinical agents available to effectively target NRAS or any other RAS oncogene. An alternative approach is to identify and target critical tumor vulnerabilities or non-oncogene addictions that are essential for tumor survival. We investigated the consequences of NRAS blockade in NRAS-mutant melanoma and show that decreased expression of the telomerase catalytic subunit, TERT, is a major consequence. TERT silencing or treatment of NRAS-mutant melanoma with the telomerase-dependent telomere uncapping agent, 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (6-thio-dG), led to rapid cell death, along with evidence of both telomeric and non-telomeric DNA damage, increased ROS levels, and upregulation of a mitochondrial antioxidant adaptive response. Combining 6-thio-dG with the mitochondrial inhibitor Gamitrinib attenuated this adaptive response and more effectively suppressed NRAS-mutant melanoma. Our study uncovers a robust dependency of NRAS-mutant melanoma on TERT, and provides proof-of-principle for a new combination strategy to combat this class of tumors, which could be expanded to other tumor types.