gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First in man studies of [18F]FPPRGD2: A novel PET radiopharmaceutical for imaging αvβ3 integrin levels (2010)

1433 Objectives Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth. The expression of αvβ3 on capillary cells has a key role in this process. We have developed a novel 18F-based PET radiopharmaceutical, [18F]FPPRGD2 (FDA eIND 104150), based on the dimeric RGD peptide sequence, which targets the αvβ3 integrin. We present data on the first people imaged with this tracer. Methods Five healthy volunteers (mean age: 42) were recruited. Three PET and 1 PET/CT scans were obtained up to 3 hours post-injection (dose: 9.5 ± 3.4 mCi; specific activity: 1200 ± 714 mCi/umol) using a GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner. During this time, vitals, EKGs, and blood samples were obtained at regular intervals. The blood was used to calculate time activity curves and to ensure stability of the tracer and lab values. The imaging data was used to evaluate biodistribution, as well as for dosimetry calculations using OLINDA. Results The radiopharmaceutical was well tolerated with no alterations in vitals, EKGs, or lab values noted. There was stable distribution in all patients with primary clearance through the kidneys, as well as the liver, spleen, and bowel. Only minimal uptake was seen elsewhere. Time activity curves showed rapid clearance from the vasculature within 30 minutes, with most of the activity in the plasma. Dosimetry (units are rem/mCi) showed the principal organs to be the urinary bladder (0.863) (bladder voiding model), lower large intestine (0.529), kidneys (0.360), and spleen (0.250). Conclusions [18F]FPPRGD2 is safe, with desirable pharmacokinetic and biodistribution characteristics for imaging angiogenesis (αvβ3-integrin expression), especially in the head, neck, thorax and extremities. Testing of [18F]FPPRGD2 in patients with cancers is planned. Based on these results, this radiopharmaceutical would be optimal for brain, lung, and breast cancers, but may also be useful for other regions and non-imaging applications
Switching Transient Shaping by Application of a Magnetically Coupled PCB Damping Layer (2009)

An increasing number of power electronic applications require high power density. Therefore, the switching frequency and switching speed have to be raised considerably. However, the very fast switching transients induce a strong voltage and current ringing. In this work, a novel damping concept is introduced where the parasitic wiring inductances are advantageously magnetically coupled with a damping layer for attenuating these unwanted oscillations. The proposed damping layer can be implemented using standard materials and printed circuit board manufacturing processes. The system behavior is analyzed in detail and design guidelines for a damping layer with optimized RC termination network are given. The effectiveness of the introduced layer is determined by layout parasitics which are calculated by application of the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) simulation method. Finally, simulations and measurements on a laboratory prototype demonstrate the good performance of the proposed damping approach.
Amino Acid Derived Polymers for Use in Controlled Delivery Systems of Peptides (1997)

A family of synthetic, tyrosine-derived polyarylates is being studied as a new polymeric matrix system for the controlled release of peptides. The polyarylates are degradable amorphous materials whose backbone structure contains amide bonds. Using the cyclic heptapeptide contained in the platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blocking formulation INTEGRILIN™ as a model, the effect of the polymer structure on peptide miscibility within the polymeric matrix and its effect on the release behavior was investigated. A new co-precipitation technique provided polyarylate-peptide blends that were compression molded without decomposition, deactivation, or detectable aggregation of the peptide. Transparent, pliable compression molded films with high peptide loadings of up to 50% (w/w) were fabricated in this way. In spite of such high loadings, the model peptide was not released from these films over a 30 day exposure to physiological buffer solution at 37 °C. Only when poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was added to the formulation was the model peptide released. Release rate was a function of polyarylate structure and the amount and molecular weight of PEG used in the blends. This provided an effective means to modulate the release rate.
Forearm nitric oxide balance, vascular relaxation, and glucose metabolism in NIDDM patients (1997)

Endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular responses were assessed in 10 NIDDM patients and 6 normal subjects with no evidence of atherosclerotic disease. Changes in forearm blood flow and arteriovenous (AV) serum nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) concentrations were measured in response to intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) (7.5, 15, 30 microg/min, endothelium-dependent response) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0.3, 3, 10 microg/min, endothelium-independent response). Insulin sensitivity (determined by minimal model intravenous glucose tolerance test) was lower in NIDDM patients (0.82 +/- 0.20 vs. 2.97 +/- 0.29 10(4) min x microU(-1) x ml(-1); P &lt; 0.01). Baseline forearm blood flow (4.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.3 ml x 100 ml(-1) tissue x min(-1); NS), mean blood pressure (100 +/- 4 vs. 92 +/- 4 mmHg; NS), and vascular resistance (21 +/- 1 vs. 21 +/- 1 units; NS), as well as their increments during ACh and SNP, infusion were similar in both groups. No difference existed in baseline NO2-/NO3- concentrations (4.09 +/- 0.33 [NIDDM patients] vs. 5.00 +/- 0.48 micromol/l [control subjects]; NS), their forearm net balance (0.31 +/- 0.08 [NIDDM patients] vs. 0.26 +/- 0.08 micromol/l x 100 ml(-1) tissue x min(-1); NS), and baseline forearm glucose uptake. During ACh infusion, both NO2- and NO3- concentrations and net balance significantly increased in both groups, whereas glucose uptake increased only in control subjects. When data from NIDDM and control groups were pooled together, a correlation was found between the forearm AV NO2- and NO3- differences and blood flow (r = 0.494, P = 0.024). On the contrary, no correlation was evident between NO2- and NO3- concentrations or net balance and insulin sensitivity. In summary, 1) no difference existed in basal and ACh-stimulated NO generation and endothelium-dependent relaxation between uncomplicated NIDDM patients and control subjects; 2) in both NIDDM and control groups, forearm NO2- and NO3- net balance following ACh stimulation was related to changes in the forearm blood flow; and 3) ACh-induced increase in forearm blood flow was associated with an increase in glucose uptake only in control subjects but not in NIDDM patients. In conclusion, our results argue against a role of impaired NO generation and blood flow regulation in determining the insulin resistance of uncomplicated NIDDM patients; rather, it supports an independent insulin regulation of hemodynamic and metabolic effects.
Microwave Synthesis and Optical Properties of Uniform Nanorods and Nanoplates of Rare Earth Oxides (2007)

We report on the rapid production, characterization, and spectral properties of uniform nanorods, nanowires, and nanoplates of rare earth oxides (M2O3, M = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy). The method developed, based on microwave irradiation (MWI), allows the control of the size and shape of the rare earth oxide nanostructures by varying the MWI reaction time and the relative concentrations of the organic surfactants. The uniformity of the rods and of the wires is demonstrated in their spontaneous assembly into highly ordered 2D supercrystals. The MWI method provides a unique opportunity for the large-scale synthesis of rare earth nanostructures without suffering thermal gradient effects.
Neural parallel-hierarchical-matching scheduler for input-buffered packet switches (2002)

Input-buffered packet switches boosted with high-performance schedulers achieve near-100% throughput. Several authors have proposed the use of neural schedulers. These schedulers have a fast theoretical convergence, but the standard deviation of the number of iterations required can be arbitrarily large. In a previous paper, the authors proposed a hybrid digital-neural scheduler, HBRTNS, with bounded response time: O(N) clock steps. As an evolution of that concept, the authors present a two-stage neural Parallel-Hierarchical-Matching scheduler (nPHM), which generates high quality solutions in few clock steps. We present numerical comparisons with diverse state-of-the-art algorithms and the ideal output-buffered case.
Small Secret CRT-Exponent Attacks on Takagi's RSA (2011)

CRT-RSA is a variant of RSA, which uses integers dp = d mod(p - 1) and dq = d mod(q - 1) (CRT-exponents), where d,p,q are the secret keys of RSA. May proposed a method to obtain the secret key in polynomial time if a CRT-exponent is small, moreover Bleichenbacher and May improved this method. On the other hand, Takagi's RSA is a variant of CRT-RSA, whose public key N is of the form prq for a given positive integer r. In this paper, we extend the May's method and the Bleichenbacher-May's method to Takagi's RSA, and we show that we obtain p in polynomial time if $p < N^{3/(4 + 2 \\sqrt{r(r+3)})}$ by the extended May's method, and if $p < N^{6/(5r + \\sqrt{13r^2 + 48r})}$ by the extended Bleichenbacher-May's method, when dq is arbitrary small. If r=1, these upper bounds conform to May's and Bleichenbacher-May's results respectively. Moreover, we also show that the upper bound of pr increase with an increase in r. Since these attacks are heuristic algorithms, we provide several experiments which show that we can obtain the secret key in practice.
Defining the Factors That Contribute to On-Target Specificity of Antisense Oligonucleotides (2014)

To better understand the factors that influence the activity and specificity of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), we designed a minigene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and cloned the minigene into vectors for T7 transcription of pre-mRNA and splicing in a nuclear extract or for stable integration in cells. We designed a series of ASOs that covered the entire mRNA and determined the binding affinities and activities of the ASOs in a cell-free system and in cells. The mRNA bound known RNA-binding proteins on predicted binding sites in the mRNA. The higher order structure of the mRNA had a significantly greater effect than the RNA-binding proteins on ASO binding affinities as the ASO activities in cells and in the cell-free systems were consistent. We identified several ASOs that exhibited off-target hybridization to the SOD-1 minigene mRNA in the cell-free system. Off-target hybridization occurred only at highly accessible unstructured sites in the mRNA and these interactions were inhibited by both the higher order structure of the mRNA and by RNA-binding proteins. The same off-target hybridization interactions were identified in cells that overexpress E. coli RNase H1. No off-target activity was observed for cells expressing only endogenous human RNase H1. Neither were these off-target heteroduplexes substrates for recombinant human RNase H1 under multiple-turnover kinetics suggesting that the endogenous enzyme functions under similar kinetic parameters in cells and in the cell-free system. These results provide a blueprint for design of more potent and more specific ASOs.
Substitution of Arginine with Proline and Proline Derivatives in Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones Leads to Selectivity for Human Melanocortin 4 Receptor (2009)

A new series of melanotropin analogues with His or Arg residues in the core pharmacophores of MTII, SHU9119, and Ac-NDP-gamma-MSH-NH(2) replaced by Pro or trans-/cis-4-guanidinyl-Pro derivatives were designed and synthesized to introduce selectivity toward the human melanocortin 4 receptor (hMC4R). Analogues 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 were found to be hMC4R selective. Second messenger studies have demonstrated that analogues 1 and 2 are insurmountable inhibitors of MTII agonist activity at the hMC4R. Molecular modeling studies suggest that the hMC4R selectivity is due to a beta-turn shift induced by the Pro ring that makes the global minimum structures of these analogues resemble the NMR solution structure of the hASIP melanocortin receptor binding motif. Substitution of His in MTII also provided functional selectivity for the hMC3R or the hMC4R. These findings are important for a better understanding of the selectivity mechanism at the hMC3R/hMC4R and the development of therapeutic ligands selectively targeting the hMC4R.
Highly-confined and tunable plasmonics based on two-dimensional solid-state defect lattices (2023)

Plasmons, collective excitations of electrons in solids, are associated with strongly confined electromagnetic fields, with wavelengths far below the wavelength of photons in free space. This strong confinement promises the realization of optoelectronic devices that could bridge the size difference between photonic and electronic devices. However, despite decades of research in plasmonics, many applications remain limited by plasmonic losses, thus motivating a search for new engineered plasmonic materials with lower losses. A promising pathway for low-loss plasmonic materials is the engineering of materials with flat and energetically isolated metallic bands, which can strongly limit phonon-assisted optical losses, a major contributor to short plasmonic lifetimes. Such electronic band structures may be created by judiciously introducing an ordered lattice of defects in an insulating host material. Here, we explore this approach, presenting several low-loss, highly-confined, and tunable plasmonic materials based on arrays of carbon substitutions in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) monolayers. From our first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), we find plasmonic structures with mid-infrared plasmons featuring very high confinements ($λ_{\text{vacuum}}/λ_{\text{plasmon}}$ exceeding 2000) and quality factors in excess of 1000. We provide a systematic explanation of how crystal structure, electronic bandwidth, and many-body effects affect the plasmonic dispersions and losses of these materials. The results are thus of relevance to low-loss plasmon engineering in other flat band systems.
Clinical Application of the I-LOC Angle-Stable Interlocking Nail in 100 Traumatic Fractures of the Humerus, Femur and Tibia (2018)

Introduction: A novel angle-stable nail (I-Loc) was recently designed, in part to address acute perioperative instability documented with standard veterinary nails. While experimental studies demonstrated biomechanical efficacy, clinical evaluation of the I-Loc is lacking. Our objective was to describe the use of the 6, 7 and 8-mm I-Loc nails and provide clinically relevant recommendations.
Microphotonics for Next Generation Computers (2010)

Future high performance computers will be limited by the performance of communications in the computer networks, memory subsystems, and perhaps even within microprocessors themselves. Already, it is clear that within massively parallel high performance computers, the communications paradigm must change. While microprocessors continue to benefit from Moore’s Law scaling of transistor performance, no Moore’s Law exists for communications. As a result, communications efficiency in terms of energy/bit has remained largely flat over the past decade. Left unchecked, the fraction of power consumed by the computer network will begin to dominate the machine power. Moreover, the use of serial electrical and optical links has led to bottlenecks in pin density and wire/fiber count. These bottlenecks are being felt not only in the computer network, but also in the memory, processor, and network switch subsystems. Recently, silicon microphotonics has demonstrated the ability to significantly improve communications efficiency while dramatically increasing communications density through the use of wavelength division multiplexing. Here, we review approaches for modulation, filtering, switching, and detection in a silicon photonics platform, highlighting recent results along with the many challenges that remain to implement a stable low-power wavelength division multiplexed silicon microphotonics platform.
Laser diode beam exposure instrument for rapid quenching of thin-film materials (1992)

An extremely rapid heating and quenching instrument for thin-film materials was prepared, which established a quenching speed of 1011 K/s for a 20-nm GeSbTe film. It contains a thin-film device part and a laser diode/electro-optical section; the former is composed of the thin film which absorbs 830-nm laser light sandwiched between a transparent and highly heat-conductive ZnS-SiO2 mixture layer. It is designed to produce a high-temperature gradient between the two layers at the moment of laser exposure. In the latter, the laser beam is designed to be automatically focused with a half-value width of 1 μm at the thin-film surface to be heated. The beam exposure condition is variable: the pulse width 10 ns–10 μs, and the beam power amplitude, 0.5–30 mW. The reflectivity of the beam exposure part can be monitored in situ during the exposure as well as before and after the exposure using the same laser diode.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloroperoxidase as Enantioselective Epoxidation Catalyst: An Efficient Synthesis of (R)‐(‐)‐Mevalonolactone. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Removing the Blinders: Using Information to Mitigate Adversaries in Adaptive Overlays (2012)

Abstract—The proliferation of peer-to-peer systems has led to the increasingdeployment of dynamic, adaptive overlay networks that are designed to preserve application performance goals. While such networks provide increased performance and resiliencytobenign faults,theyare susceptibleto attacks conducted by compromised overlay nodes, especially those targeting the adaptation mechanisms. In this work, we propose a lightweight, general solution to increase the resiliency of adaptive overlay networks. By locally aggregating and correlating network topology with system performance metrics such as latency and bandwidth, each node can check the consistency of the reported information and constrain the attacker’s ability to lie about system metrics. As a result, each node can make better adaptation decisions. We demonstrate the susceptibility of adaptation mechanisms to malicious attacks and the utility of our solution through real-life deployments of mature, adaptive overlay-based systems. I.
FRI-TEM: Time Encoding Sampling of Finite-Rate-of-Innovation Signals (2022)

Classical sampling is based on acquiring signal amplitudes at specific points in time, with the minimal sampling rate dictated by the degrees of freedom in the signal. The samplers in this framework are controlled by a global clock that operates at a rate greater than or equal to the minimal sampling rate. At high sampling rates, clocks are power-consuming and prone to electromagnetic interference. An integrate-and-fire time encoding machine (IF-TEM) is an alternative power-efficient sampling mechanism which does not require a global clock. Here, the samples are irregularly spaced threshold-based samples. In this paper, we investigate the problem of sampling FRI signals using an IF-TEM. We provide theoretical guarantees for a recently proposed recovery method to perfectly recover an FRI input. In addition, we propose a modified sampling approach in the presence of noise that is more robust than existing techniques. This method is also proven to ensure recovery in the noise-free setting. The modified approach requires twice the number of measurements compared to the existing method, however, it results in lower error in the presence of noise for the same number of measurements. Our results enable designing low-cost and energy-efficient analog-to-digital converters for FRI signals.
A multitaper hardware core for spectrum sensing (2012)

We have implemented a non-iterative multitaper sensing hardware core. The multitaper core computes the spectrum as the average of M eigenspectra calculated using Slepian sequences. While more computationally complex than traditional Fourier methods, the multitaper estimation method offers enhanced performance. The working multitaper hardware core was validated on FPGA using over the air RF measurements in the UHF T-Band. The multitaper core has been incorporated into a prototype frequency agile spectrum sensing platform.
Generalized SCSI: A Generic Structure for Interface Switching Capability Descriptor (ISCD) Switching Capability Specific Information (SCSI) (2017)

This document defines a generic information structure for information
carried in routing protocol Interface Switching Capability Descriptor
(ISCD) Switching Capability Specific Information (SCSI) fields. This
Generalized SCSI can be used with routing protocols that define
GMPLS ISCDs and any specific technology. This document does not modify
any existing technology-specific formats and is defined for use in
conjunction with new GMPLS Switching Capability types. The context for
this document is Generalized MPLS, and the reader is expected to be
familiar with the GMPLS architecture and associated protocol
standards.
Quo vadis, PUF?: Trends and challenges of emerging physical-disorder based security (2014)

The physical unclonable function (PUF) has emerged as a popular and widely studied security primitive based on the randomness of the underlying physical medium. To date, most of the research emphasis has been placed on finding new ways to measure randomness, hardware realization and analysis of a few initially proposed structures, and conventional secret-key based protocols. In this work, we present our subjective analysis of the emerging and future trends in this area that aim to change the scope, widen the application domain, and make a lasting impact. We emphasize on the development of new PUF-based primitives and paradigms, robust protocols, public-key protocols, digital PUFs, new technologies, implementations, metrics and tests for evaluation/validation, as well as relevant attacks and countermeasures.
Minimality for punctured convolutional codes (2002)

This paper investigates encoders optimization for the Hamming weight after periodic puncturing, and discusses minimality issues that may affect the performance of the punctured encoders. Periodically puncturing a minimal encoder produces a higher rate encoder that may or may not be minimal. If it is not minimal, it may have a zero-output loop and it may be catastrophic. A code search can use a fast algorithm to determine whether an encoder's state diagram has a zero-output loop under periodic symbol puncturing, and a proposed method to assess the performance of codes with a zero-output loop that are not catastrophic. As an example, the paper optimizes rate-1/4 unpunctured codes for Hamming weight under both bit-wise and symbol-wise periodic puncturing. Code tables and simulation results are included.
A Systematic Analysis of Measurement Selection Algorithms for Fault Isolation in Dynamic Systems (1998)

Fault detection and isolation in dynamic physical systems based on analysis of transient system behavior involves monitoring for deviations and linking observed deviations to changes in system parameters. Components linked to the changed parameter values may be faulty. Functional redundancy is exploited in choosing measurements to uniquely isolate all faults. Measurement selection algorithms determine the minimum set of system variables that can uniquely identify all single faults in the system. This paper analyzes a set of measurement selection algorithms in the context of transient analysis in dynamic systems. Results show that an A*-search algorithm provides good results while considerably reducing the computational complexity of the measurement selection process.