gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marc Chénetier, Richard Brautigan (London and New York: Methuen, 1983, £1.95). Pp. 96. ISBN 0 416 32960 8. - Edward Halsey Foster, Richard Brautigan (Boston: Twayne, 1983, $14.95). Pp. viii, 142. ISBN 0 8057 7378 9. (1985)

Marc Chénetier, Richard Brautigan (London and New York: Methuen, 1983, £1.95). Pp. 96. ISBN 0 416 32960 8. - Edward Halsey Foster, Richard Brautigan (Boston: Twayne, 1983, $14.95). Pp. viii, 142. ISBN 0 8057 7378 9. - Volume 19 Issue 1
Talk 2: Recurrent neural nets and differentiable memory mechanism (2016)

This past year, RNNs have seen a lot of attention as powerful models that are able to decode sequences from signals. The key component of such methods are the use of a recurrent neural network architecture that is trained end-to-end to optimize the probability of the output sequence given those signals. In this talk, I’ll define the architecture and review some recent successes in my group on machine translation, image understanding, and beyond. On the second part of the talk, I will introduce a new paradigm — differentiable memory — that has enabled learning programs (e.g., planar Traveling Salesman Problem) using training instances via a powerful extension of RNNs with memory. This effectively turns a machine learning model into a “differentiable computer”. I will conclude the talk giving a few examples (e.g., AlphaGo) on how these recent Machine Learning advances have been the main catalyst in Artificial Intelligence in the past years.
Measurement of detector-corrected observables sensitive to the anomalous production of events with jets and large missing transverse momentum in $$\varvec{pp}$$ p p collisions at $$\mathbf {\sqrt{s}=13}$$ s = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector (2017)

Observables sensitive to the anomalous production of events containing hadronic jets and missing momentum in the plane transverse to the proton beams at the Large Hadron Collider are presented. The observables are defined as a ratio of cross sections, for events containing jets and large missing transverse momentum to events containing jets and a pair of charged leptons from the decay of a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msup><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∗</mml:mo></mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> boson. This definition minimises experimental and theoretical systematic uncertainties in the measurements. This ratio is measured differentially with respect to a number of kinematic properties of the hadronic system in two phase-space regions; one inclusive single-jet region and one region sensitive to vector-boson-fusion topologies. The data are found to be in agreement with the Standard Model predictions and used to constrain a variety of theoretical models for dark-matter production, including simplified models, effective field theory models, and invisible decays of the Higgs boson. The measurements use 3.2 fb <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> and are fully corrected for detector effects, meaning that the data can be used to constrain new-physics models beyond those shown in this paper.
Human palatine tonsil: a new potential tissue source of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells (2008)

Human palatine T-MPCs represent a new source of progenitor cells, potentially applicable for cell-based therapies.
Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 [del(20)(q11)] in myeloid disorders (1978)

Detailed clinical and cytogenetic studies were performed in five patients who had abnormal hematopoiesis and an acquired deletion of an F-group chromosome. Cytogenetic analyses, with banding techniques, of cells from bone marrow, spleen, or unstimulated peripheral blood showed a partial deletion of the long arm of one chromosome 20 [del(20)(q11)] in all five patients. Three patients had myeloproliferative disorders of uncertain classification, the fourth had possible preleukemia, and the fifth had acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Although the five cases showed certain similarities, the clinical and hematologic findings seen with the 20q- abnormality were not specific. None of the patients showed evidence of polycythemia vera or idiopathic acquired refractory sideroblastic anemia, two diseases previously associated with the 20q-. Our studies indicate that the 20q- abnormality is not limited to diseases primarily affecting erythropoiesis but that it can be found in the broader spectrum of myeloid disorders. In polycythemia vera, the 20q- has sometimes been regarded as a possible result of previous therapy with cytotoxic agents; however, four of our patients were untreated when the deletion was first noted.
Efficient Conversion of Biginelli 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one to Pyrimidines via PyBroP‐Mediated Coupling. (2005)

An efficient two-step procedure is described to convert the\nBiginelli 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;)-one to various multifunctionalized pyrimidines via the Kappe dehydrogenation\nand a new mild PyBroP-mediated coupling with &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;,\nand &lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt; nucleophiles, which provides a readily accessible\nmultifunctionalized pyrimidine template for diversity-oriented synthesis.
Comparisons of Metabolic Syndrome Definitions in Four Populations of the Asia-Pacific Region (2008)

Differences in the prevalence of MetS and its components, using the various definitions, both within and between populations, indicate that caution is required when comparing studies from different countries. Determining the clinical significance of these differences will require prospective outcome studies.
Signal Optimization at Urban Highway Rail Grade Crossings Using an Online Adaptive Priority Strategy (2012)

In urban areas, conventional transit priority systems (e.g., passive priority) present some problems, such as causing too many traffic delays and degradation of on line performance due to the lack of real-time data. The purpose of this study is to develop an on line adaptive priority strategy to optimize traffic operation at a series of consecutive grade crossings in urban areas. The proposed strategy takes into account the impact on cross-street traffic as well. A mathematical model of non linear programming with linear constraints is formulated to minimize overall passenger delays at grade crossings for light rail transit and to minimize the impact on cross-street traffic. The optimization is enabled by real-time arrival-time prediction with GPS-equipped vehicles. To exhibit the anticipatory performance of the proposed strategy, both a numerical analysis and a simulation test are conducted with trolley operation along a stretch of C Street in San Diego. Compared with current signal timings, those obtained from the proposed strategy demonstrate promising results.
Glycolytic expression in lower-grade glioma reveals an epigenetic association between IDH mutation status and PDL1/2 expression (2020)

These results suggest a previously unrecognized epigenetic link between glycolysis and immune checkpoint expression in LGG. This work advances our understanding of glioma genomics and provides support for further exploration of the metabolic-immune interface in LGG.
Effects of tool rotating rate and pass number on pore structures of ADC12 porous aluminum fabricated by friction stir processing (2009)

Closed-cell porous aluminum is expected to be used in automobile components, because porous aluminum has good lightweight properties and can realize the improvement of fuel efficiency. Recently, a new processing route for fabricating porous aluminum, in which friction stir processing (FSP) is used, has been developed. In the FSP route, a precursor is fabricated by mixing blowing agent powder and stabilization agent powder into aluminum alloy plates by the significant stirring action of FSP. In this contribution, ADC12 porous aluminum is fabricated by the FSP route using high recyclability ADC12 aluminum alloy die castings and the effect of the tool rotating rate and the number of passes on the porosity and morphology of the pores is investigated. It is shown that groove-like defect was formed because of abnormal stirring action at any tool rotating rate. However, by applying multi-pass FSP, the defect disappeared at 800 and 1000 rpm. On the other hand, the defect remained at 1200 and 1400 rpm instead of carrying out 4 pass FSP. The porosity and the morphology of pores of obtained porous aluminum were affected by these defects. It is shown that closed-cell porous aluminum with uniform pore size distribution and with porosity of about 50–60% is successfully fabricated using ADC12 aluminum alloy die castings at the tool rotating rate of 800–1000 rpm and a holding time of 10 minutes and a holding temperature of 933 K.
Conceptual Design of HP-STMCs Space Reactor Power System for 110 kWe (2004)

A conceptual design of a Heat Pipe‐Segmented Thermoelectric Module Converters (HP‐STMCs) space reactor power system (SRPS) for a net power of 110 kWe is developed. The parametric analysis changed the number of radiator’s potassium heat pipes from 224 to 336 and calculated the effects on the operation parameters and total mass of the system. The reactor has a hexagonal core comprised of 126 heat pipe modules, each consists of three UN, 1.5 cm OD fuel pins brazed to a central lithium heat pipe of identical diameter. The Re cladding of the fuel pins is brazed along the active core length to the lithium heat pipe using 6 Re tri‐cusps. The reactor control is accomplished using 12 B4C/BeO control drums, a large diameter one on each side of the hexagonal core and a small diameter one at each corner. The control drums are placed within the radial BeO reflector (7.1–9.1 cm thick). The fuel pin peak‐to‐average power ratio in the reactor core is 1.12–1.19. Despite its very high density and fabrication challenge, using rhenium structure in the reactor core is necessary for three main reasons: (a) the high reactor temperature (⩾ 1500 K); (b) excellent compatibility with the UN fuel and lithium; (c) to cause a spectrum shift that ensures having sufficient negative reactivity margin during a water submersion accident. The reference HP‐STMC system with 324, 2.42–3.03 cm OD potassium heat pipes in the radiator is 9.60 m long and has a cone angle of 30°. The nominal operation of the reactor’s lithium heat pipes and of the radiator’s potassium heat pipes is at or below ∼ 45% of the prevailing wicking and sonic limit, respectively. The masses of the reactor and radiation shadow shield are 753.7 kg and 999.5 kg, respectively; the average heat pipes temperature in the reactor is 1513 K; the mass of the reactor’s lithium heat pipes with a C‐C finned condenser that is 1.5 m long is 516.1 kg; the mass of the radiator is 557.5 kg, with an outer surface area of 87 m2 (6.41 kg/m2) and effective temperatures of 752 K and 734 K for the front and rear radiator sections, respectively. These estimates are for a constant collector temperature for the STMCs of 1300 K and STMCs’ thermal and electrical losses of 5% and 8%, respectively. The estimates of the total mass and specific power of the reference HP‐STMCs SRPS, pending future detailed design and analysis, are 4261 kg and 25.8 We/kg, respectively.
The ZFP36 family of RNA-binding proteins regulate homeostatic and autoreactive T cell responses (2022)

Abstract The zinc finger 36 (ZFP36) family of RNA-binding proteins, consisting of ZFP36, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2, is known to negatively regulate mRNA stability and/or inhibit translation of many transcripts, including cytokines. While there are reports of all three family members regulating T cell cytokine production, delineating the functions of these genes is challenging due to spontaneous phenotypes upon global deletion of single genes and potential redundancy in their functions. To overcome this, we generated Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36fl/fl Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice. Only upon triple deletion, but not individual or paired deletions, do mice spontaneously develop an inflammatory disease characterized by early lethality, hypercytokinemia, and immune cell infiltration into some peripheral organs, including the central nervous system. As SNPs in human ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have been linked to susceptibility for multiple sclerosis, we tested ZFP36 family member individual and paired T cell-deficient mice in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To our surprise, Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice were markedly protected from EAE clinical disease, while no change in disease severity was seen with any deletion strains involving Zfp36. There was a severe impairment in generating antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in Cd4-Cre+ Zfp36l1fl/fl Zfp36l2fl/fl mice during EAE priming. Our findings demonstrate a novel redundancy of the ZFP family members in regulating T cell homeostasis and a shared role for ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 to promote clonal expansion. Understanding the individual and shared functions of the ZFP36 family members may lead to opportunities to target them to suppress T cell-driven autoimmunity. M.E.C. supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program (DGE-1745038) and by grant 5T32AI007163 from the NIAID. B.T.E. supported by the NIAID (R01 AI113118).
Development of Custom Angular Scan and Index-Mapping Optical Coherence Tomography Systems for Nondestructive Metrology of Layered Gradient Index Optical Components (2013)

The establishment of both angular scan and index-mapping OCT systems is presented to demonstrate the capability of OCT for characterizing large curvature optical components and for index measurement to the accuracy of 10−3 respectively.
NIF Anti-Reflective Coating Solutions: Preparation, Procedures and Specifications (2003)

The following document contains a detailed description of the preparation procedures for the antireflective coating solutions used for NIF optics. This memo includes preparation procedures for the coating solutions (sections 2.0-4.0), specifications and vendor information of the raw materials used and on all equipment used (section 5.0), and QA specifications (section 6.0) and procedures (section 7.0) to determine quality and repeatability of all the coating solutions. There are different five coating solutions that will be used to coat NIF optics. These solutions are listed below: (1) Colloidal silica (3%) in ethanol (2) Colloidal silica (2%) in sec-butanol (3) Colloidal silica (9%) in sec-butanol (deammoniated) (4) HMDS treated silica (10%) in decane (5) GR650 (3.3%) in ethanol/sec-butanol The names listed above are to be considered the official name for the solution. They will be referred to by these names in the remainder of this document. Table 1 gives a summary of all the optics to be coated including: (1) the surface to be coated; (2) the type of solution to be used; (3) the coating method (meniscus, dip, or spin coating) to be used; (4) the type of coating (broadband, 1?, 2?, 3?) to be made; (5) number of optics to be coated; and (6) the type of post processing required (if any). Table 2 gives a summary of the batch compositions and measured properties of all five of these solutions.
SARS-CoV-2-Induced Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis: Implications for Colorectal Cancer (2021)

The emergence of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), in December 2019 led to a worldwide pandemic with over 170 million confirmed infections and over 3.5 million deaths (as of May 2021). Early studies have shown higher mortality rates from SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients than individuals without cancer. Herein, we review the evidence that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in health and has been linked to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Investigations have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes changes to the gut microbiota, including an overall decline in microbial diversity, enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as <i>Fusobacterium</i> <i>nucleatum</i> bacteremia, and depletion of beneficial commensals, such as the butyrate-producing bacteria. Further, these changes lead to increased colonic inflammation, which leads to gut barrier disruption, expression of genes governing CRC tumorigenesis, and tumor immunosuppression, thus further exacerbating CRC progression. Additionally, a long-lasting impact of SARS-CoV-2 on gut dysbiosis might result in a greater possibility of new CRC diagnosis or aggravating the condition in those already afflicted. Herein, we review the evidence relating to the current understanding of how infection with SARS-CoV-2 impacts the gut microbiota and the effects this will have on CRC carcinogenesis and progression.
Activation of Akt as a Potential Mediator of Adaptations that Reduce Muscle Injury (2006)

Activation of neither Akt nor p70S6K is necessary to induce adaptations that reduce the severity of contraction-induced injury.
Crystal structure of a complex of HIV‐1 protease with a dihydroxyethylene‐containing inhibitor: Comparisons with molecular modeling (1992)

The structure of a crystal complex of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease with a peptide-mimetic inhibitor containing a dihydroxyethylene isostere insert replacing the scissile bond has been determined. The inhibitor is Noa-His-Hch psi [CH(OH)CH(OH)]Vam-Ile-Amp (U-75875), and its Ki for inhibition of the HIV-1 protease is < 1.0 nM (Noa = 1-naphthoxyacetyl, Hch = a hydroxy-modified form of cyclohexylalanine, Vam = a hydroxy-modified form of valine, Amp = 2-pyridylmethylamine). The structure of the complex has been refined to a crystallographic R factor of 0.169 at 2.0 A resolution by using restrained least-squares procedures. Root mean square deviations from ideality are 0.02 A and 2.4 degrees, for bond lengths and angles, respectively. The bound inhibitor diastereomer has the R configurations at both of the hydroxyl chiral carbon atoms. One of the diol hydroxyl groups is positioned such that it forms hydrogen bonds with both the active site aspartates, whereas the other interacts with only one of them. Comparison of this X-ray structure with a model-built structure of the inhibitor, published earlier, reveals similar positioning of the backbone atoms and of the side-chain atoms in the P2-P2' region, where the interaction with the protein is strongest. However, the X-ray structure and the model differ considerably in the location of the P3 and P3' end groups, and also in the positioning of the second of the two central hydroxyl groups. Reconstruction of the central portion of the model revealed the source of the hydroxyl discrepancy, which, when corrected, provided a P1-P1' geometry very close to that seen in the X-ray structure.
Self-assembly of lattices with high structural complexity from a geometrically simple molecule (2018)

Here we report an anomalous porous molecular crystal built of C-H···N-bonded double-layered roof-floor components and wall components of a segregatively interdigitated architecture. This complicated porous structure consists of only one type of fully aromatic multijoint molecule carrying three identical dipyridylphenyl wedges. Despite its high symmetry, this molecule accomplishes difficult tasks by using two of its three wedges for roof-floor formation and using its other wedge for wall formation. Although a C-H···N bond is extremely labile, the porous crystal maintains its porosity until thermal breakdown of the C-H···N bonds at 202°C occurs, affording a nonporous polymorph. Though this nonporous crystal survives even at 325°C, it can retrieve the parent porosity under acetonitrile vapor. These findings show how one can translate simplicity into ultrahigh complexity.
Control of terahertz wave front using arrayed terahertz emission device (2010)

Arrayed THz emission device was proposed to control the wave front of THz. The simulation results indicated the THz wave front can be tilted by changing the emission pattern of the device. The 4×4 arrayed device was fabricated and the emission pattern was successfully controlled by the bias voltages.
Enhancing fluorescein release from in-situ forming PLGA implants using therapeutic ultrasound (2017)

Systemic chemotherapy has been associated with poor tumor penetration and adverse cytotoxic effects. To combat this, cancer therapy with in-situ forming implants (ISFIs) can provide continuous, high dose release of chemotherapeutic drug directly at the tumor site. However, poor drug distribution through the tumor volume has limited the effectiveness and subsequent translation of ISFIs into clinical practice. Our lab has previously demonstrated an increase in drug release and penetration from injectable, phase inverting PLGA implants in an in-vitro phantom model using low frequency ultrasound. To build on this work, in-vivo fluorescein intensity and distribution was evaluated in subcutaneous ISFIs with and without therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) exposure.
Interplay between superconductivity and the Kondo effect on magnetic nanodots (2021)

We study the interplay of superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and the Kondo effect in a single system, using vertical geometry and planar magnetic tunnel junction devices, in which a thin CoFe layer is inserted in the middle of the MgO layer, forming a quantum dot like system. It is shown that the Kondo resonance peak at the zero bias coexists with a sharp Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer gap on double tunnel junctions, Al/MgO/CoFe nanodot/MgO/Al. It is also found that the competition between superconductivity and the Kondo effect is tunable with magnetic fields and the temperature. The coexistence of Kondo screening and superconductivity survives long range magnetic order in CoFe nanodots with a spin polarization of 0.2; however, it disappears when the CoFe layer becomes a continuous film with a spin polarization of 0.5. The competition between SC and the Kondo effect in the presence of magnetic ordering opens exciting possibilities to control information in nanomagnets.
Cell surface growth factor receptor molecules as targets for cancer therapy. (2004)

Extract: Molecular communication is essential for the coordinated development and life of multicellular organisms. This process involves sending, receiving and promoting signals by means of elaborate signal transduction networks. Important players for these processes are cell surface receptors which transmit signals across the cell's outer barrier, the cell membrane. The so-called receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a central role within this group of proteins by controlling a wide array of biological functions such as cell migration, proliferation, survival or differentiation. Concomitantly, deregulated signal transduction leads to aberrant cellular behavior and, as a consequence, can induce or contribute to various pathophysiological disorders such as cancer. Based on this rationale RTKs have been discovered as prime targets for therapeutic intervention and the first drugs that have been approved demonstrate the potential of this approach. A kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphoryl group to a molecule, an event called phosphorylation. Tyrosine kinase adds a phosphoryl group to the tyrosine residue of a protein.