gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Color Target for Museum Applications (2010)

All museums engage in preventative conservation to insure the longevity of their collections for future generations. One aspect is lighting where there can be a tradeoff between light damage and color appearance. A second aspect is imaging where excessive light exposure reduces accessibility and where digital surrogates increase collection access and reduce handling by maintaining fragile objects in storage. Color fidelity is a critical quality criterion for both aspects. A color target was formulated for museum applications using the absorption and scattering properties of artist acrylic dispersion paints and retouching paints representative of historical and modern paintings. One component of the target was 12 samples varying systematically in CIELAB hue at the maximum achievable chroma. A Euclidean color-difference space based on CIE94 was used to determine chromatic gamut area as a measure of color preference and clarity while color differences weighting hue were a measure of color distortion. Four grays were formulated with a range of color inconstancy under Illuminant A while matching under D65 and four metameric pairs were formulated to represent examples of restorative inpainting with poor pigment selection with respect to metamerism. These samples were very sensitive to changes in spectral power distribution and spectral sensitivity. The target, at this stage only computational, was tested for museum lighting and imaging applications, the results indicative of superior performance to conventional color targets.
Data from Molecular Triage of Premalignant Lesions in Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology and Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Urine, Using a Panel of Methylated Human Papilloma Virus and Host Genes (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Clinically useful molecular tools to triage women for a biopsy upon referral to colposcopy are not available. We aimed to develop a molecular panel to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher lesions (CIN2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) in women with abnormal cervical cytology and high-risk HPV (HPV&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;). We tested a biomarker panel in cervical epithelium DNA obtained from 211 women evaluated in a cervical cancer clinic in Chile from 2006 to 2008. Results were verified in a prospective cohort of 107 women evaluated in a high-risk clinic in Puerto Rico from 2013 to 2015. Promoter methylation of &lt;i&gt;ZNF516, FKBP6&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;INTS1&lt;/i&gt; discriminated cervical brush samples with CIN2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; lesions from samples with no intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM) with 90% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, 0.94 area under the curve (AUC), 93.1% positive predictive value (PPV), and 84.2% negative predictive value (NPV). The panel results were verified in liquid-based cervical cytology samples from an independent cohort with 90.9% sensitivity, 60.9% specificity, 0.90 AUC, 52.6% PPV, and 93.3% NPV, after adding &lt;i&gt;HPV16-L1&lt;/i&gt; methylation to the panel. Next-generation sequencing results in HPV&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cultured cells, and urine circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) were used to design assays that show clinical feasibility in a subset (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 40) of paired plasma (AUC = 0.81) and urine (AUC = 0.86) ccfDNA samples obtained from the prospective cohort. Viral and host DNA methylation panels can be tested in liquid cytology and urine ccfDNA from women referred to colposcopy, to triage CIN2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; lesions for biopsy and inform personalized screening algorithms. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 915–24. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Microwave processing of materials. Final report (1997)

A Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. (LMES) and Lambda Technologies, Inc. (Lambda) of Raleigh, N.C., was initiated in May 1995. [Lockheed Martin Energy Research, Corp. (LMER) has replaced LMES]. The completion data for the Agreement was December 31, 1996. The purpose of this work is to explore the feasibility of several advanced microwave processing concepts to develop new energy-efficient materials and processes. The project includes two tasks: (1) commercialization of the variable-frequency microwave furnace (VFMF); and (2) microwave curing of polymer composites. The VFMF, whose initial conception and design was funded by the Advanced Industrial Concepts (AIC) Materials Program, will allow us, for the first time, to conduct microwave processing studies over a wide frequency range. This novel design uses a high-power traveling wave tube (TWT) originally developed for electronic warfare. By using this microwave source, one can not only select individual microwave frequencies for particular experiments, but also achieve uniform power densities over a large area by the superposition of many different frequencies.
Elimination of Surface Oxide Layer of Sn-Ag-Cu Alloy by Chemical Reaction with Halogen Surfactant (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Abstract 2506: Exploring the complex etiology of oncogenic fusions in childhood cancer (2019)

Abstract Background, Rationale and Experimental Approach Oncogenic fusions are generated via chromosomal rearrangements resulting in an exchange of coding or regulatory DNA sequences. These mutations play an important role in disease onset and subsequent cancer progression, however the exact timing and mechanisms by which they arise are unknown. Through the SickKids clinical sequencing program, KiCS, we explored how and when canonical fusions arise by studying the whole-genomes of childhood cancers with diagnostic or driver fusions. Our investigation began with the pediatric bone cancer, Ewing sarcoma, and later expanded to include other solid, blood, and brain cancers such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, myeloid leukemia, and ependymoma among others. Results The starting point of our investigation was ES, where we sequenced the whole-genomes of 124 cases. Ewing sarcoma (ES) represents the prototypical fusion-driven sarcoma as it is characterized and driven by the EWSR1-ETS fusion. In ~42% of cases, we found that the ES fusion gene arises by chromoplexy, a sudden burst of complex, loop-like rearrangements, rather than by simple reciprocal translocations as previously thought. We show that these rearrangements rapidly and dramatically altered the chromosomal landscape of ES tumors, producing the driver EWSR1-ETS fusion and disrupting numerous other genes in a short time. Remarkably, these complex rearrangements are enriched for genes, including those with a clear role in oncogenesis, and are associated with the earliest replicating portions of the genome. We then sequenced the genomes of 30 other childhood cancers with oncogenic fusions to study their timing and formation mechanisms. In doing so, we have identified several novel fusions in many cancer types, which have been validated by RNA sequencing and cytogenetics. In some cases, the presence of these chromoplectic fusions indicates these patients may benefit from targeted therapy due to the generation of druggable fusions. . Conclusions Our findings provide fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of gene fusions in human cancer. They reveal complex DNA rearrangements to be a mutational process underpinning gene fusions in cancer that influences tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Nathaniel D. Anderson, Richard de Borja, Matthew D. Young, Fabio Fuligni, Andrej Rosic, Nicola D. Roberts, Nischalan Pillay, Jeffrey A. Toretsky, Yoshida Akihiko, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Markus Metzler, Gino Somers, Stephen W. Scherer, Adrienne M. Flanagan, Peter J. Campbell, Joshua D. Schiffman, Mary Shago, Ludmil B. Alexandrov, Jay S. Wunder, Irene L. Andrulis, David Malkin, Sam Behjati, Adam Shlien. Exploring the complex etiology of oncogenic fusions in childhood cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2506.
Effects of plant hormones on formation of scopoletin and scopolin in tobacco tissue cultures. (1982)

The addition of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D), indoleacetic acid (IAA) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) increased the quantity of scopoletin and scopolin during the exponential growth phase. 2, 4-D greatly increased the quantity of scopolin in cells. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin caused the accumulation of scopoletin in the medium during non-growth phase. The combination of NAA and BAP was more effective for formation of scopoletin and scopolin than the use of either hormone alone. 2, 4-D stimulated the incorporation of scopoletin from the culture medium into the cells and the conversion of scopoletin to scopolin. The stimulatory action of 2, 4-D was inhibited by KCN, but not by cycloheximide.
Pursuing High-Resolution Structures of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Lessons Learned from Five Decades (2021)

Since their discovery, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have been extensively studied to understand their function, as well as the consequence of alterations leading to disease states. Importantly, these receptors represent pharmacological targets to treat a number of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, their therapeutic value has been limited by the absence of high-resolution structures that allow for the design of more specific and effective drugs. This article offers a comprehensive review of five decades of research pursuing high-resolution structures of nAChRs. We provide a historical perspective, from initial structural studies to the most recent X-ray and cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) nAChR structures. We also discuss the most relevant structural features that emerged from these studies, as well as perspectives in the field.
ChemInform Abstract: Correlation Between Geometric Changes of the Ligands and Extinction Coefficient of the MLCT Absorption Band in Ru(II)‐Diimine Complexes. (1989)

Abstract The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the complexes (I) are correlated with the LUMO properties of the ligands.
High-Frequency Ultrasound Activation of Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets for Treatment of Glaucoma (2022)

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most prevalent risk factor for initiation and progression of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Ocular hypertension results from increased resistance to aqueous fluid outflow caused by reduced porosity and increased stiffness of tissues of the outflow pathway. Acoustic activation and resulting bioeffects of the perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets (NDs) introduced into the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye could potentially represent a treatment for glaucoma by increasing permeability in the aqueous outflow track. To evaluate the potential of NDs to enter the outflow track, 100-nm diameter perfluoropentane (PFP) NDs with a lipid shell were injected into the AC of ex vivo pig eyes and in vivo rat eyes. The NDs were activated and imaged with 18- and 28-MHz linear arrays to assess their location and diffusion. NDs in the AC could also be visualized using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Because of their higher density with respect to aqueous humor, some NDs settled into the iridocorneal angle where they entered the outflow pathway. After acoustic activation of the NDs at the highest acoustic pressure, small gas bubbles were observed in the AC. After two days, no acoustic activation events were visible in the AC of the rats and their eyes showed no evidence of inflammation.
Abstract 5798: Nanoparticle-mediated Endothelial Cell-selective Delivery of Pioglitazone Improves Therapeutic Efficacy of Ischemic Neovascularization (2009)

Background: Recent studies suggest that a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor- γ (PPAR γ ) agonist pioglitazone reduces the incidence of ischemic cardiovascular events. However, it is unknown if pioglitazone induces therapeutic neovascularization after induction of ischemia. Moreover, novel drug delivery system may alleviate potential adverse effects of systemic administration of PPAR γ agonists. We recently reported that intramuscular injection of biodegradable polymeric NP resulted in cell-selective delivery of NP into vascular endothelial cells of ischemic muscles for 2 weeks post-injection in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle (NP)-mediated endothelial cell selective delivery of pioglitazone is an effective therapy to induce ischemic neovascularization in vivo. Methods and Results: In a murine model of hindlimb ischemia, systemic oral administration of pioglitazone at a dose of 1000 μ g/kg per day, but not other lower doses, enhanced recovery of blood perfusion to the ischemic limb, increased angiogenesis and arteriogenesis 3 weeks after induction of ischemia (Figure A ). In contrast, single intramuscular injection of NP incorporated with pioglitazone at 1 or 10 μ g/kg into ischemic muscles immediately after induction of ischemia significantly enhanced ischemic neovascularization at 3 weeks post-ischemia (Figure B ). Intramuscular injection of PBS, FITC-NP, or pioglitazone only at 1–10 μ g/kg showed no effects on blood perfusion to the ischemic limb. Conclusion: NP-mediated endothelial cell-selective delivery of pioglitazone may effectively induce therapeutic neovascularization. A. Effects of Systemic Oral Administrate of Pioglitazone for 21 days B. Effects of Single Intramuscular Injection of Pioglitazone-NP
Molecular Biotheranostic Approaches of Cancers Using LAT Kit Probes (2010)

Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tracers have been applied to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, dose-finding, and proof-of-concept studies. PET/SPECT tracers could non-invasively assess treatment endpoints for diseases which used to rely on biopsies and histopathological assays. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a gold standard for PET to detect unsuspected distant metastases in cancers. However, 18F-FDG has difficulties in distinguishing between inflammation/infection related masses versus cancer recurrence. Also, tumors with low glycolysis show poor FDG uptake, which leads to the high rate of false-negative results. Recent studies indicate that radiolabeled tyrosine derivatives using L-type amino acid transporters (LAT) can differentiate cancer from inflammation. Methods: We have synthesized 99mTc- and 68Ga-labeled chelator-based tyrosine analogs and their potential uses as kit probes for molecular radiotheranostic of tumors were evaluated. Results: The active ingredient in the kit is considered a drug substance, which allows standardization for chemistry, manufacturing and control (CMC). CMC is a crucial element in the centralized Investigational New Drugs (IND) process, and can be readily solved with kit probes. Conclusion: The use of PET and SPECT tracers has also helped to control and monitor dosage for increased safety and effectiveness, which have high impact on economy.
Aerosol Delivery During Continuous High Frequency Oscillation for Adult and Pediatric Patients Receiving Invasive Ventilation (2019)

Background:Continuous high-frequency oscillation (CHFO) of the airway has been reported to improve secretion clearance and lung expansion. The device also provides continuous aerosol using a jet nebulizer (JN). Concomitant aerosol therapy during CHFO is appealing during invasive ventilation. However, evidence on the efficiency of aerosol delivery is rare. We investigated the aerosol delivery efficiency with Metaneb during invasive ventilation in both adult and pediatric settings, and explored methods to improve efficiency. Methods:A model lung (TTL, Michigan Instruments) was connected to an ICU ventilator (PB840, Medtronic) via endotracheal tubes (ETT) of 8.0mm, 6.0mm, and 5.0mm respectively to simulate adult (COPD and healthy), and pediatric (5 and 10 y old) patients. Tidal volume was set at 6 mL/kg for all scenarios and frequencies were 16 breaths/min, except the 5 y-old patient (20 breaths/min). A collecting filter was placed between ETT and the model lung. Metaneb was set at high frequency oscillation with low flow. A vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN, Aerogen) was placed at the inlet of humidifier vs between ETT and Y-piece. Albuterol (2.5mg in 3mL) was nebulized for each condition (n = 3). Drug was eluted from the filter and assayed with UV spectrophotometry (276 nm). Results:With CHFO during invasive ventilation, inhaled dose with JN at its manifold position was low in both adult (1.52 ± 0.44 %) and pediatric (0.86 ± 0.05 %) patients; substituting VMN for JN increased inhaled dose: VMN placed at the inlet of humidifier vs between ETT and Y-piece in adult (13.35 ± 1.01 vs 7.17 ± 0.23%, P = .004) and pediatric patients (7.79 ± 2.46 vs 4.21 ± 0.70 %, P = .004). Regardless of VMN placement, inhaled dose with CHFO was lower than inhaled dose with VMN without CHFO [22.66 (19.54, 25.44) vs 7.19 (5.11, 11.61) %, P < .001]. Conclusions:Using Metaneb per label to deliver aerosolized medication during invasive ventilation was inefficient for both adult and pediatric patients. Vibrating mesh nebulizer during CHFO improved inhaled dose, but still lower than standard practice without CHFO.Inhaled dose of VMN vs JN in different placement for adult and pediatric scenariosNebulizerPlacementCHFOInhaled dose (%)COPDHealthy Adult10 years old (30 Kg)5 years old (20 Kg)VMNThe inlet of humidifierOff25.53 ± 0.5324.75 ± 1.1921.14 ± 0.7118.63 ± 0.47On7.04 ± 0.207.30 ± 0.204.84 ± 0.223.58 ± 0.10VMNBetween ETT and Y-pieceOn14.04 ± 0.4712.65 ± 0.9310.02 ± 0.265.56 ± 0.44JN (Salter lab)Metaneb manifoldOn1.80 ± 0.211.24 ± 0.460.84 ± 0.060.87 ± 0.05JN (Carefusion)1.49 ± 0.201.65 ± 0.30NANACHFO, continuous high frequency oscillation; VMN, vibrating mesh nebulizer; JN, jet nebulizer; ETT, endotracheal tube; NA, not available.
Quantitative assessment of morphology and sub-cellular changes in macrophages and trophoblasts during inflammation (2020)

In pregnancy during an inflammatory condition, macrophages present at the feto-maternal junction release an increased amount of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-<i>α</i> and INF-γ, which can disturb the trophoblast functions and pregnancy outcome. Measurement of the cellular and sub-cellular morphological modifications associated with inflammatory responses are important in order to quantify the extent of trophoblast dysfunction for clinical implication. With this motivation, we investigated morphological, cellular and sub-cellular changes in externally inflamed RAW264.7 (macrophage) and HTR-8/SVneo (trophoblast) using structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and quantitative phase microscopy (QPM). We monitored the production of NO, changes in cell membrane and mitochondrial structure of macrophages and trophoblasts when exposed to different concentrations of pro-inflammatory agents (LPS and TNF-<i>α</i>). <i>In vitro</i> NO production by LPS-induced macrophages increased 22-fold as compared to controls, whereas no significant NO production was seen after the TNF-<i>α</i> challenge. Under similar conditions as with macrophages, trophoblasts did not produce NO following either LPS or the TNF-<i>α</i> challenge. Super-resolution SIM imaging showed changes in the morphology of mitochondria and the plasma membrane in macrophages following the LPS challenge and in trophoblasts following the TNF-<i>α</i> challenge. Label-free QPM showed a decrease in the optical thickness of the LPS-challenged macrophages while TNF-<i>α</i> having no effect. The vice-versa is observed for the trophoblasts. We further exploited machine learning approaches on a QPM dataset to detect and to classify the inflammation with an accuracy of 99.9% for LPS-challenged macrophages and 98.3% for TNF-<i>α</i>-challenged trophoblasts. We believe that the multi-modal advanced microscopy methodologies coupled with machine learning approach could be a potential way for early detection of inflammation.
Beta-galactosidase staining of maxillary molars from PN7 collected from wild type, <i>Enam</i><sup>+/−</sup>, and <i>Enam</i><sup>−/−</sup> mice. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A–C, H&amp;E counter stained) No positive staining is consistently observed in wild type samples. (D–F, unstained) There are no detectable differences between wild type and &lt;i&gt;Enam&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+/−&lt;/sup&gt; molars in terms of ameloblast organization, size of the ameloblasts and thickness of the enamel layer. (G–I) In &lt;i&gt;Enam&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; molars, bulges of enamel matrix along the cuspal slopes are associated with flattening ameloblasts. Non-polarized, &lt;i&gt;lac&lt;/i&gt;Z positive cells are seen instead of ameloblasts and extending into the stratum intermedium area, sometimes incorporated in the abnormal aggregation of matrix and cellular components near the cusp tips in the null mouse samples.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatization of Tetrafluorobenzo[c]thiophene. Preparation of Tetrafluorothiabenzoporphyrin. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IIP for wireless communication (2004)

This paper proposes IIP (intelligent Internet protocol) which effectively addresses the issues involved in wireless communication at network layer such as support for mobility, frequent loss of connection clue to fading, hand-offs and security. We have chosen to use intelligent agent technology for our architecture of IIP because it provides desirable properties such as speed-up and efficiency, robustness and reliability, scalability and flexibility, development and re-usability. We make use of four intelligent agents namely principal agent (PA), agent for address resolution and mobility support (AARMS), agent for error handling and recovery (AEHR), agent for network security (ANS) and design each agent based on BDI (belief-desire-intention) architecture. A variant of blackboard architecture is used for inter-agent communication. Special care has been taken to make the proposed IP compatible with existing networks. The proposed work has been simulated and verified for its operational effectiveness.
Toward ML-Centric Cloud Platforms: Opportunities, Designs, and Experience with Microsoft Azure (2020)

Services that rely heavily on machine learning (ML), such as speech understanding and image recognition, have been receiving significant attention. ML can also be used to optimize the cloud platforms underlying these services. The challenge is defining exactly how we should integrate ML into these platforms. In this paper, we motivate this integration, discuss multiple dimensions associated with it and the architectural tradeoffs in each dimension, and describe our first approach to building ML-centric cloud platforms. Specifically, as one point in the multi-dimensional space, we overview the Resource Central ML and prediction-serving system, its integration into the Microsoft Azure Compute fabric, and the lessons we learned. We conclude with a discussion of future research avenues.