gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensors for the detection of ammonia as a potential biomarker for health screening (2021)

The presence of ammonia within the body has long been linked to complications stemming from the liver, kidneys, and stomach. These complications can be the result of serious conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), peptic ulcers, and recently COVID-19. Limited liver and kidney function leads to increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within the body resulting in elevated levels of ammonia in the mouth, nose, and skin. Similarly, peptic ulcers, commonly from H. pylori, result in ammonia production from urea within the stomach. The presence of these biomarkers enables a potential screening protocol to be considered for frequent, non-invasive monitoring of these conditions. Unfortunately, detection of ammonia in these mediums is rather challenging due to relatively small concentrations and an abundance of interferents. Currently, there are no options available for non-invasive screening of these conditions continuously and in real-time. Here we demonstrate the selective detection of ammonia using a vapor phase thermodynamic sensing platform capable of being employed as part of a health screening protocol. The results show that our detection system has the remarkable ability to selectively detect trace levels of ammonia in the vapor phase using a single catalyst. Additionally, detection was demonstrated in the presence of interferents such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and acetone common in human breath. These results show that our thermodynamic sensors are well suited to selectively detect ammonia at levels that could potentially be useful for health screening applications.
Factors That Affect Process Quality in the Life Cycle of Building Projects (1998)

The factors that affect process quality in the three phases (design, construction, and operation) of the life cycle of a building project are identified and ranked by degree of importance. The perceptions of long-time practitioners are obtained by means of a questionnaire survey. The findings indicate that management commitment to continuous quality improvement, management leadership in promoting high process quality, quality training of all personnel, efficient teamwork to promote quality issues at the corporate level, and effective cooperation between parties taking part in the project are generic factors that affect process quality. Industry-specific factors that are perceived by practitioners to enhance the quality of the building process include drawings and specifications that are consistent, designers and contractors that are selected on merit, communication practices between the parties that are effective, inspection of quality on the construction site that is diligent, a building operation manual that is thorough, and an adequate operation and maintenance budget that is planned as early as in the design phase.
Measurement of prompt charged-particle production in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV (2022)

A bstract The differential cross-section of prompt inclusive production of long-lived charged particles in proton-proton collisions is measured using a data sample recorded by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV. The data sample, collected with an unbiased trigger, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5 . 4 nb − 1 . The differential cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity in the ranges p T ∈ [80 , 10 000) MeV /c and η ∈ [2 . 0 , 4 . 8) and is determined separately for positively and negatively charged particles. The results are compared with predictions from various hadronic-interaction models.
He implantation effects in the 13–55-keV range on the optical recording properties of Te thin films (1990)

The behavior of the optical recording properties of 55 nm Te thin films on glass substrates has been investigated as a function of singly ionized He beam energies, with an observed decrease of the writing threshold of the thin films in the 23–45 keV range. However, the implanted dose within the Te thin films was always maintained at a fixed value, requiring the total implanted dose for the film–substrate system to increase at higher energies. The results of our study, which investigated implantations at various ion doses and beam energies in the 13–55 keV range, show that the total implanted dose within the film–substrate system is important in the observed decrease of the writing threshold of the thin films. Increases of the ion-beam energy at a fixed total dose produce no decrease in the writing threshold. Furthermore, measurements carried out as a function of planted doses at two fixed energies of 13 and 32 keV confirm that the total implanted dose for the film–substrate system is also important in the determination of a critical dose above which the writing threshold decreases.
12-core × 3-mode Dense Space Division Multiplexed Transmission over 40 km Employing Multi-carrier Signals with Parallel MIMO Equalization (2014)

We demonstrate dense SDM transmission of 20-WDM multi-carrier PDM-32QAM signals over a 40-km 12-core × 3-mode fiber with 247.9-b/s/Hz spectral efficiency. Parallel MIMO equalization enables 21-ns DMD compensation with 61 TDE taps per subcarrier.
Ribosome binding sites visualized on freeze-fractured membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (1980)

Freeze-fracture micrographs of cells of the green alga Micrasterias denticulata stabilized by ultrarapid freezing reveal imprints of polysomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The imprints appear as broad, spiral ridges on the P faces and as corresponding wide grooves on the E faces of the membranes. Distinct 110-A particles with a spacing of 270 +/- 45 A are associated with the P-face ridges. Where imprints of individual ribosomes can be discerned, it is seen that there is a 1:1 relationship between the ribosomes and the 110-A particles, and that the 110-A particles are located in a peripheral position with respect to the polysome spirals. We propose that the 110-A particles could be structural equivalents of ribosome-binding sites, consisting of a molecule each of ribophorins I and II and a nascent polypeptide chain. These observations suggest that the spiral form of polysomes could result from the forces generated by the extrusion of the growing polypeptide chains to one side of the polysome.
Preoperative Planning Using Advanced 3-dimensional Virtual Imaging Software for Glenoid Component in Anatomic Total Shoulder Replacement (2012)

Advanced 3-dimensional computed tomography imaging software can be used to improve the accuracy of bony measurements and provide detailed planning specifications in patients undergoing anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty. Additional use of a novel patient-specific glenoid vault model can predict premorbid version, inclination, and amount of volumetric bone loss. Surgical simulation in a 3-dimensional virtual environment using commercially available implant templates provides both position and sizing estimation to generate the best possible scenario of bony structural support for the glenoid implant and can minimize the amount of bone loss by reaming. Preoperative planning with these techniques can enhance decision-making and surgical execution providing the surgeon with the most information possible to recreate a patient’s anatomic shoulder relationships.
Figure S2 from Whole-Genome Sequencing of Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Axonal guidance signaling pathway alterations in adenoid cystic carcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Mimics of Nucleoside Triphosphates. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Cancer Cell–Associated MT1-MMP Promotes Blood Vessel Invasion and Distant Metastasis in Triple-Negative Mammary Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Cancer Cell–Associated MT1-MMP Promotes Blood Vessel Invasion and Distant Metastasis in Triple-Negative Mammary Tumors
Supplementary Figures from IL13-Mediated Dectin-1 and Mannose Receptor Overexpression Promotes Macrophage Antitumor Activities through Recognition of Sialylated Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1-Figure S8&lt;/p&gt;
Cell membrane integrity and internalization of ingested TiO2 nanoparticles by digestive gland cells of a terrestrial isopod (2012)

The present study was motivated by the paucity of reports on cellular internalization of ingested titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles (nano-TiO(2)). The model invertebrate (Porcellio scaber, Isopoda, Crustacea) was exposed to food dosed with nano-TiO(2) containing 100, 1,000, 3,000, or 5,000 µg nano-TiO(2) per gram of food. After 14 d of exposure, the amount of Ti in the entire body was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses of tissue cross sections were performed by particle induced X-ray emission. In addition, a series of toxicological markers including feeding parameters, weight change, and survival, as well as cytotoxic effects such as digestive gland cell membrane stability, were monitored. Internalization of ingested nano-TiO(2) by the isopod's digestive gland epithelial cells was shown to depend on cell membrane integrity. Cell membranes were found to be destabilized by TiO(2) particles, and at higher extracellular concentrations of nano-TiO(2), the nanoparticles were internalized.
Use of functional microgels with vinyl groups to accelerate photopolymerization reaction (1994)

Abstract Three types of functional microgels with vinyl groups on their surface were prepared. For the first type, the counter anion from clorin was exchanged with β‐methacryloylethyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid or allyl sulfonic acid in a microgel with ammonium anions. For the second and third types, a quaternization with N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate of 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate in the presence of microgel particles was prepared by emulsion copolymerization of styrene, chloromethylstyrene or N,N‐dimethylamino‐methylbenzene, and divinylbenzene. The resulting samples show good dispersibility in organic solvents without an emulsifier. A functional microgel‐based photopolymer combined with an acrylate monomer and ultraviolet (UV) or visible (VIS) light‐absorbing photoinitiators provides oleophilic images when exposed to UV or VIS light and developed in tap water. This photopolymer has a higher sensitivity than those of photopolymers based on microgels with an analogous composition but without vinyl groups. Photopolymers pepared by using functional microgels with a methacryloyl group exhibited a higher rate of polymerization (R p ) than that of photopolymers based on microgels without a vinyl group. The R p of photopolymers prepared by using a functional microgel with either an allyl group or vinylphenyl group was nearly equal to that of photopolymers based on microgels with ammonium ions. Their high sensitivities are attributed to the rapid photopolymerization in the methacryloyl group. To determine how the photoreaction mechanism enhances sensitivity, the photoreaction products were investigated using a model photopolymerization system. It was found that the gelation reactions enhancing sensitivity are predominantly the polymerization and crosslinking ones when a microgel with the methacryloyl group is used, and the graft copolymerization with acrylate monomers when a microgel with either the allyl group or vinylphenyl group is used.
Author response: The allosteric modulation of complement C5 by knob domain peptides (2020)

Structural and functional analysis of a new class of low-molecular-weight antibody fragments, derived from bovine immunoglobulins, reveals their therapeutic potential against C5, a target for refractory inflammatory diseases.
Different molecular consequences of the 1;19 chromosomal translocation in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1992)

The prognostically important 1;19 chromosomal translocation can alter the E2A gene on chromosome 19p13 in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), leading to formation of a fusion gene (E2A-PBX1) that encodes a hybrid transcription factor with oncogenic potential. It is not known whether this molecular alteration is a uniform consequence of the t(1;19) or is restricted to translocation events within specific immunologic subtypes of the disease. Therefore, we studied leukemic cells from 25 cases of B-cell precursor ALL, with or without evidence of cytoplasmic Ig mu heavy chains (cIg); 17 cases had the t(1;19) by cytogenetic analysis. Leukemic cell DNA samples were analyzed by Southern blotting to detect alterations within the E2A genomic locus; a polymerase chain reaction assay was used to identify expression of chimeric E2A-pbx1 transcripts in leukemic cell RNA; and immunoblotting with anti-Pbx1 antibodies was used to detect hybrid E2A-Pbx1 proteins. Of 11 cases of cIg+ ALL with the t(1;19), 10 had E2A-pbx1 chimeric transcripts with identical junctions and a characteristic set of E2A-Pbx1 hybrid proteins. Each of these cases had E2A gene rearrangements, including the one in which fusion transcripts were not detected. By contrast, none of the six cases of t(1;19)-positive, cIg- ALL had evidence of rearranged E2A genomic restriction fragments, detectable E2A-pbx1 chimeric transcripts, or hybrid E2A-Pbx1 proteins. Typical chimeric E2A-pbx1 transcripts and proteins were detected in one of eight cIg+ leukemias in which the t(1;19) was not identified by cytogenetic analysis, emphasizing the increased sensitivity of molecular analysis for detection of this abnormality. We conclude that the molecular breakpoints in cases of cIg- B-cell precursor ALL with the t(1;19) differ from those in cIg+ cases with this translocation. Leukemias that express hybrid oncoproteins such as E2A-Pbx1 or Bcr-Abl have had a poor prognosis in most studies. Thus, molecular techniques to detect fusion genes and their aberrant products should allow more timely and appropriate treatment of these aggressive subtypes of the disease.
Mesoporous TiO2 electrodes for photo-electrochemical applications (1997)

LPI
Supplementary Figure Legends from Activation of the Glutamate Receptor GRM1 Enhances Angiogenic Signaling to Drive Melanoma Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 42KB&lt;/p&gt;
iSyTE:

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ye Gene Discovery (2012)

iSyTE is a publicly available Web resource that can be used to prioritize candidate genes within mapped genomic intervals associated with congenital cataract for further investigation. Extension of this approach to other ocular tissue components will facilitate eye disease gene discovery.
Cooperation-Aware Decision Making for Autonomous Vehicles in Merge Scenarios (2021)

Highway merging is a challenging task for an autonomous vehicle, because the vehicle must interact with other vehicles to identify a gap to merge into before the ending of current lane while maintaining safety (i.e., avoiding collisions). In this paper, we treat the problem of autonomous vehicle planning and control for forced merge scenarios by proposing a novel decision-making algorithm based on a partially observable leader-follower game that models the interaction among merging and highway driving vehicles. In the proposed algorithm, the autonomous ego vehicle applies a receding-horizon optimization-based control strategy that adapts to online estimated driving intents of the other vehicles to simultaneously achieve safety (i.e., avoiding collisions) and liveness (i.e., completing the merging task). The algorithm is validated by multiple simulation-based case studies.
Failure Analysis on Space Electronics: Best Practices, Challenges and Trends (2018)

Failure Analysis (FA) concerns all the industrial domains. Nevertheless, it is important to underline similarities and differences that are encountered in space related activities. Even if the process is the same, there are many differences related to space domain. They are due to the very high quality and reliability of satellites their cost, their mission duration and no reparability of satellites in orbit. Failure Analysis pays a key role in quality assessment to balance the lack of statistical approaches for the very low volume spacecraft market. Usually, we have only one failed part to analyze, sometime none (satellite in orbit issue) while the expertise output, including corrective actions, is mandatory to avoid repetition of similar issues. FA for space covers the full range of parts, including Mechanical, material and Electrical, Electronic and Electromechanical (EEE) parts. The failed EEE components from connectors to commercial VLSI, are analyzed in our CNES facilities. We will illustrate the wide range of targets, from components to system, through some case studies, including VLSI. Increasing number of commercial VLSI is a big trend and challenge, forcing us to develop new “CAD less” techniques to deal with the lack of netlist and layout for these critical complex devices.
Tracking the recruitment and evolution of snake toxins using the evolutionary context provided by the Bothrops jararaca genome (2021)

Venom is a key adaptive innovation in snakes, and how nonvenom genes were co-opted to become part of the toxin arsenal is a significant evolutionary question. While this process has been investigated through the phylogenetic reconstruction of toxin sequences, evidence provided by the genomic context of toxin genes remains less explored. To investigate the process of toxin recruitment, we sequenced the genome of <i>Bothrops jararaca</i>, a clinically relevant pitviper. In addition to producing a road map with canonical structures of genes encoding 12 toxin families, we inferred most of the ancestral genes for their loci. We found evidence that 1) snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) and phospholipases A<sub>2</sub> (PLA2) have expanded in genomic proximity to their nonvenomous ancestors; 2) serine proteinases arose by co-opting a local gene that also gave rise to lizard gilatoxins and then expanded; 3) the bradykinin-potentiating peptides originated from a C-type natriuretic peptide gene backbone; and 4) VEGF-F was co-opted from a PGF-like gene and not from VEGF-A. We evaluated two scenarios for the original recruitment of nontoxin genes for snake venom: 1) in locus ancestral gene duplication and 2) in locus ancestral gene direct co-option. The first explains the origins of two important toxins (SVMP and PLA2), while the second explains the emergence of a greater number of venom components. Overall, our results support the idea of a locally assembled venom arsenal in which the most clinically relevant toxin families expanded through posterior gene duplications, regardless of whether they originated by duplication or gene co-option.
The crystal and molecular structure of the ammonium bismuth citrate dihydrate [(NH4)+Bi(C6H4O7)−] · 2H2O* (1992)

The crystal and molecular structure of ammonium citrate dihydrate [(NH 4 ) + Bi(C 6 H 4 O 7 ) − ] · 2H 2 O has been established by means of X-ray diffraction on a single crystal using Cu K α -radiation. The crystals are monoclinic, space group C 2/ c with a = 1680.5(2), b = 1254.4(3), c = 1040.1(2) pm, β = 91.27(2)°, Z = 8. The structure was solved by the Patterson method, and was refined by least-squares techniques yielding final R ( R W ) values of 0.042 (0.034) based upon 1855 reflections. The citrate acts as a chelating and as a bridging ligand, thus forming a three-dimensional network with carboxy groups coordinating to bismuth in a mono- as well as a bidentate manner. The essential structural characteristics is the anion [(Bi – O – C 6 H 4 O 6 ) − ] that strikingly contains a four -basic citrate the hydroxy oxygen atom of which is covalently bonded to bismuth. Two water molecules and the ammonium ion are located in channels parallel to the z -axis.
Molecular dynamics simulations of palladium cluster growth on flat and rough graphite surfaces (2004)

Parallel Molecular Dynamics simulations are conducted for describing growth on surfaces with different kind of roughness: a perfect ordered crystalline flat graphite surface, a disordered rough graphite surface and flat surface with an ordered localized defect. It is shown that disordered rough surfaces results in a first step to reduction of the sticking coefficient, increased cluster density, size reduction. Structure of the clusters shows the disappearance of the octahedral site characteristic of compact structure. Isolated defect induces cluster-cluster interactions that modify growth compared to perfect flat surface. Kinetic study of growth shows power law tαz evolution for low impinging atom kinetic energy. Increasing kinetic energy, on all kinds of surfaces, results in a slightly larger exponent z, but fitting by an exponential function is quite good too. Lattice expansion is favoured on rough surfaces but increasing incoming atom kinetic energy weakens this effect.
The use of homemade microbubbles in detection of organ bleeding and enhancement of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy (2006)

We investigated the feasibility of using homemade microbubbles in detection of internal bleeding, and for optimization of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. Homemade microbubbles were produced by sonicating albumin and dextrose saline solution with the presence of perfluorocarbon gas. Microbubbles were injected intravenously to reveal rabbit kidney and liver injuries. HIFU treatments were performed on liver lacerations for hemostatis and on intact liver for lesion production, with or without homemade microbubbles. The mean size of homemade microbubble was 4.7 um (range 1.2–7.1 μm). The concentration of microbubbles was 3.1*108 bubble/ml. Kidney and liver injuries were revealed by mosaic color flow at the injury sites. In treatment, the average hemostasis times normalized with the bleeding rate were 39 s/ml*min for HIFU only and 21 s/ml*min for HIFU+microbubbles treatments. The presence of microbubbles reduced 44 percent (p&amp;lt;0.05) time in producing the first formation of the blood coagulum. The HIFU lesion depth was reduced by 35 percent because microbubbles shield the postfocal region from HIFU exposure. Homemade microbubbles oscillate and collapse in ultrasound field, generating mosaic pattern thus revealing the bleeding site. It also shows potential in promoting HIFU hemostasis and shielding deep-tissue regions from HIFU exposures.
Sensor architecture for a two-actuator robotic endoscope tip (2011)

An angular positioning methodology for a two-actuator robotic endoscope tip is presented. The actuators used to position the tip of the endoscope and tools in the tool channel are miniature rotary motors configured to pull mono-filament cables. The sensors used in this system are a camera at the tip and two three-axis gyroscopes. This paper discusses the electrical hardware and communications architecture of the system. A model to account for the dynamic nonlinearities in the system is introduced, experimental results are presented, and control schemes necessary to position the tip is outlined. It was found that the maximum rotational speed of the tip is 400 degrees per second and that the windup delay is around 50 ms which allows for fast angular positioning.