gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and characterization of rat kallikrein-binding protein in Escherichia coli (1993)

Rat kallikrein-binding protein is a novel serine-proteinase inhibitor that forms a covalent complex with tissue kallikrein. We have purified rat kallikrein-binding protein and cloned the cDNA and the gene encoding rat kallikrein-binding protein [Chao, Chai, Chen, Xiong, Chao, Woodley-Miller, Wang, Lu and Chao (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 16394-16401; Chai, Ma, Murray, Chao and Chao (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 16029-16036]. In the present study, we have expressed rat kallikrein-binding protein in Escherichia coli with a T7-polymerase/promoter expression system. A high level of expression was detected by an e.l.i.s.a. with an average of 24.2 mg of recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein per 1 of culture. The recombinant protein appeared as a major protein in a crude extract of Escherichia coli on SDS/PAGE. It showed a molecular mass of 43 kDa and was recognized by polyclonal antibody to the native rat kallikrein-binding protein in Western-blot analysis. The recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein has been purified to apparent homogeneity by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, hydroxyapatite Bio-Gel HPHT and Mono P 5/5 column chromatography. The purified recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein showed immunological identity with the native rat kallikrein-binding protein purified from rat serum, in a specific e.l.i.s.a. To confirm the fidelity of the expression, the N-terminal ten amino acids of the recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein were sequenced and were shown to match perfectly with those of the native rat kallikrein-binding protein. The purified recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein formed SDS- and heat-stable complexes with rat tissue kallikrein (rK1) and T-kininogenase (rK10) in vitro, but not with other enzymes in the rat kallikrein gene family, such as tonin (rK2) and S3 protein (rK9), which indicates enzyme-specific binding. The properties of the recombinant rat kallikrein-binding protein including its size, charge, complex formation with target enzymes and immunological characteristics were compared with those of the native protein. This expression system provides a simple way to obtain a large amount of the biologically active recombinant protein, to study structure-function relationships of the rat kallikrein-binding protein and its interaction with its target enzymes.
TRHEPD rocking curve analyses of Pt/Ge(001) and TiO2(110) surfaces (2014)

Recently, we developed new total reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD) apparatus [1] on a beam line of the linac-based intense positron beam of the Slow Positron Facility at KEK, Japan. The high intensity allows us to install a brightness-enhancement section, which to observation of clear positron diffraction patterns for crystal surfaces under total reflection condition. In this work, we investigated the atomic configuration of Pt-induced nanowires formed on a Ge(001) surface [2] using the apparatus. By means of the diffraction intensity analysis based on the dynamical diffraction theory, or TRHEPD rocking curve analysis, a previously proposed theoretical model [D. E. P. Vanpoucke et al., Phys. Rev. B 77, 241308(R) (2008)], composed of Ge dimers on the top layer and buried Pt arrays in the second and fourth layers, was confirmed to be the fundamental structure of the nanowire. We also investigated the atomic configuration of a rutile-TiO 2 (110) surface. It is well known that the structure of this surface transforms its periodicity from (1×1) to (1×2) by elevating the sample temperature above ~1100 K, whereas the detailed structure is yet to be revealed. There is a longstanding controversy between the structure models proposed by scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction, surface X-ray diffraction, first-principles calculation with density functional theory results, etc. To solve the problem, we have measured TRHEPD rocking curves and determined the atomic arrangements of the topmost crystal surface [3].
Metamaterial-inspired high-absorption surfaces for thermal infrared applications (2010)

We present design, fabrication, and characterization results of a highly absorptive surface in the thermal infrared that draws on concepts from the frequency selective surface and metamaterials communities. At normal incidence this optically thin surface has an absorption of over 99%. Furthermore, it has a broad angular range (over 90% absorption at 60 degrees from normal). The simple structure is composed of a reflective metal layer, a roughly quarter-wave layer of lossy dielectric, and a top metal layer that is patterned with an array of subwavelength apertures. The design of the aperture allows spectral and angular control of the absorption/emission band. We will present simulation and measured results. Change in waveband and polarization could easily be changed from pixel to pixel in a focal plane array.
Gyro-Sensor-Based Vibration Control for Dynamic Humanoid-Robot Walking on Inclined Surfaces (2020)

An efficient motor-control system for stable walking of the lightweight humanoid robot KONDO KHR-3HV on inclined surfaces is investigated. The motor-control system is based on the angular velocity of the pitch motion of the robot, which is detected by a gyro sensor attached to the robot torso and referred to as the angular-pitch velocity. The robot gait is analyzed for different downslopes with and without the motor-feedback control. A novel method of frequency-domain analysis of the angular-pitch velocity is proposed for explaining the reasons behind the instabilities of dynamic humanoid-robot walking on inclined surfaces. The results show, that a nonlinear nature of the motor torque, due to a force induced by the slope, gives rise to harmonics of the fundamental walking frequency of 1.73 Hz. These harmonics are the origin of the unstable robot walking. Additionally, the feedback-gain parameters <i>K</i><sub>A</sub> and <i>K</i><sub>H</sub> affect the amplitudes of the harmonics, which give rise to vibrations at a higher surface inclination. Increased surface friction allows a reduction of the feedback gain, which reduces this specific contribution to the harmonics and thus stabilizes the robot. To improve the walking stability on inclined surfaces, it is found that the damped natural frequency of the motor-control system must be kept lower than the fundamental walking frequency.
Transverse Cylindrical Microdomain Orientation in an LC Diblock Copolymer under Oscillatory Shear (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTTransverse Cylindrical Microdomain Orientation in an LC Diblock Copolymer under Oscillatory ShearChinedum Osuji, Yuanming Zhang, Guoping Mao, Christopher K. Ober, and Edwin L. ThomasView Author Information Program in Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, 3M Corporation, Austin, Texas 78726, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850. Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 22, 7703–7706Publication Date (Web):October 7, 1999Publication History Received14 July 1999Revised9 September 1999Published online7 October 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma991155yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma991155yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Chromatography,Copolymers,Layers,Scattering Get e-Alerts
Layer-by-layer growth of high-optical-quality ZnO film on atomically smooth and lattice relaxed ZnO buffer layer (2003)

The growth mode of ZnO thin films can be well regulated in a molecular layer-by-layer growth by employing a ZnO buffer layer deposited on a lattice-matched ScAlMgO4 substrate and annealed at high temperature. The annealed buffer layer has atomically flat surface and relaxed (strain-free) crystal structure. The intensity oscillation of reflection high-energy electron diffraction persisted for more than a 100-nm film deposition under optimized conditions on such a buffer layer. Thus prepared thin films show free exciton emissions in a 5 K photoluminescence spectrum and excited-state exciton resonance structures in a reflection spectrum, both indicating very high optical quality.
Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers fabricated using epitaxial lateral overgrowth (2015)

We have successfully demonstrated the room-temperature continuous-wave operation of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with all-dielectric reflectors, which were fabricated using epitaxial lateral overgrowth. The VCSELs exhibited a threshold current of 8 mA and a threshold voltage of 4.5 V at a lasing wavelength of 446 nm. The maximum output power was 0.9 mW for an 8-µm-diameter current aperture, which was made possible because of the high thermal conductivity of the GaN substrate.
The Use of Active Ionic Polymers in Dynamic Skin Friction Measurements (2004)

A class of wall shear stress sensors has been developed. The potential of ionic polymer membrane transducers for measuring skin friction in liquid flows is demonstrated. Ionic polymer transducers are thin polymer membranes that exhibit high sensitivity to mechanical strain, and have been shown to demonstrate sensitivities two orders of magnitude higher in charge-sensing mode than piezoelectric polymers such as PVDF. Thus, they are as sensitive to mechanical strain as piezoelectric ceramics (i.e. PZT) but have the high compliance and durability of a polymer. The application of active ionic polymers in delivering easy to implement, accurate, dynamic measurements of skin friction in harsh environments promises significant advantages over current technologies. In particular, a robust technique for measuring wall shear stress is needed to assess the effectiveness of new friction-reducing techniques, including the use of lubricants and micro-bubble injection within the viscous sublayer. Conventional technologies have been unable to provide sufficiently accurate measurements over a large range of fluid velocity fluctuation scales. Moreover, their implementation can be complicated in the case of non-flush mounting sensors, and their applicability is often limited to forgiving environments. An initial feasibility test was designed with the objective of replicating classic theoretical and experimental skin friction coefficient results for a sharp edge flat plate boundary layer. An ionic polymer and a piezoelectric film (PVDF) were evaluated for Reynolds numbers ranging from the laminar flow regime to fully turbulent flow. The PVDF sensor displayed no discernable response to wall shear. The ionic polymer sensor, however, showed significant response to wall shear and strong correlation with the Reynolds number. In addition, a Stokes oscillating plate apparatus was designed for calibration and testing of the ionic polymer sensor.
Controlling the sign of chromatic dispersion in diffractive optics (2017)

Diffraction gratings disperse light in a rainbow of colors with the opposite order than refractive prisms, a phenomenon known as negative dispersion. While refractive dispersion can be controlled via material refractive index, diffractive dispersion is fundamentally an interference effect dictated by geometry. Here we show that this fundamental property can be altered using dielectric metasurfaces, and we experimentally demonstrate diffractive gratings and focusing mirrors with positive, zero, and hyper negative dispersion. These optical elements are implemented using a reflective metasurface composed of dielectric nano-posts that provide simultaneous control over phase and its wavelength derivative. In addition, as a first practical application, we demonstrate a focusing mirror that exhibits a five fold reduction in chromatic dispersion, and thus an almost three times increase in operation bandwidth compared to a regular diffractive element. This concept challenges the generally accepted dispersive properties of diffractive optical devices and extends their applications and functionalities.
Preprocessing for Adaptive Spatial Filtering in Ground-Based Rotating Radar Systems (2006)

An effective scheme for spatio-temporal processing with ground-based rotating radars consists in making adaptive spatial filtering, with frequent updates, followed by temporal processing. In presence of jamming and clutter, spatial processing first filters jammers, whereas temporal processing then filters clutter. However, starting by making a spatial adaptive processing requires to dispose of jamming + noise alone reference. But as clutter has not been filtered yet, it may be present in estimation data with stronger power than that of jammers. Therefore, the estimation of the jammer correlation matrix will be degraded resulting in a fall of performances of spatial processing. In this paper, it is first proposed to use a preprocessing before spatial filtering. The objective of this preprocessing is to reduce clutter power in the estimation samples used to compute adaptive spatial filters and thus improve the efficiency of jamming filtering. Then, a performance study of this preprocessing in terms of clutter power reduction is made, aiming at quantifying both the influence of antenna rotation and clutter decorrelation
Role of Electronic States and Their Coupling on Radiative Losses of Open-Circuit Voltage in Organic Photovoltaics (2021)

Voltage losses (Δ<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>) are a crucial limitation for the performance of excitonic organic solar cells (OSCs) and can be estimated by two approaches─the radiative limit and the Marcus charge-transfer (MCT) model. In this work, we show that combining the radiative limit and MCT models for voltage loss calculations provides useful insights into the physics of emerging efficient OSCs. We studied nine different donor-acceptor systems, wherein the power conversion efficiency ranges from 4.4 to 14.1% and Δ<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> varies from 0.55 to 0.95 V. For these state-of-the-art devices, we calculated the Δ<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> using the radiative limit and the MCT model. Furthermore, we combined both models to derive new insights on the origin of radiative voltage losses (Δ<i>V</i><sub>rad</sub>) in OSCs. We quantified the contribution in Δ<i>V</i><sub>rad</sub> due to the bulk intramolecular (S<sub>1</sub>) disorder and interfacial intermolecular (CT) disorder by revisiting the spectral regions of interest for OSCs. Our findings are in agreement with the expected relationship of <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> with Urbach energy (<i>E</i><sub>U</sub>), which suggests that the low <i>E</i><sub>U</sub> is beneficial for reduced losses. However, unprecedentedly, we also identify a universal, almost linear relationship between the interfacial disorder (λ) and Δ<i>V</i><sub>rad</sub>. We believe that these results can be exploited by the organic photovoltaic (OPV) community for the design of new molecules and a combination of donor-acceptors to further improve OSCs.
Role of gamma-delta T cells in murine Chlamydia trachomatis infection (1996)

The role of gamma-delta T cells in host resistance to Chlamydia trachomatis was characterized by using a murine model of pneumonia caused by the mouse pneumonitis agent (MoPn), murine C. trachomatis. At days 3 and 7 after infection, gamma-delta T-cell-deficient knockout mice had significantly higher levels of MoPn in the lungs than did immunologically intact controls. At day 20, paradoxically, gamma-delta T-cell-deficient mice were more resistant to MoPn than were controls. This increased resistance was not due to an increased production of toxic cytokines or interleukin-10 in controls on that day. Gamma-delta T cells play a role in protection early in MoPn infection, but they may be deleterious later in infection, as has been observed in models of salmonella and trypanosome infection.
Application of Cr-less mask technology for sub-100nm gate with single exposure (2002)

Chrome Less phase lithography (CPL) may be the crucial technology to print 100nm node and below. CPL can apply to various design layers without causing phase conflicts, while phase edge phase shift mask (PEPSM) is beneficial for specific pattern configurations and pitches. Therefore, we tested the feasibility of CPL including phase grating and hybrid CPL. And we tested the two types of CPL such as mesa and trench structures to decide the proper shifter forming method. We evaluated pattern fidelity of CPL using simulation, aerial image measurement system (AIMS) and wafer printing. Finally, we will compare the optical performance between CPL and PEPSM for 100nm node SRAM gate.
SW 2 - An object-based programming environment (1985)

Programming systems traditionally deal with only a few different types of data objects. Operating-system command languages, for example, are concerned with files and programs. Typical programming languages deal with computer-related objects such as integers, strings, arrays, and records. This is in sharp contrast to the variety of real-world objects that people reason about. Smallworld is a programming environment in which the real world is represented by objects that have properties. A property represents a fact about the corresponding real-world entity. Thus Smallworld actions (programs), which operate on objects specified in this simple but general way, are “smart”: they consider all of the relevant facts concerning (that is, all of the properties of) the objects they manipulate.
Reactions with Chlorosulfonyl/Chlorocarbonyl Isocyanates: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3(2H)-one 1,1-Dioxides and 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinazoline-1,3(2H)-diones (1986)

6-Substituted Z,3-diphenyilndoles an reaction w i t h chlarosulfonyll chlorocarbonyl isocyanates, followed by cyclization w i t h aluminium chloride afforded 9-substituted 5,6-d~phen~lp~r~olo[1,2,3-~]-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3(2H)-one, 1,l-dioxides 2 and 9-substituted 5,6-diphenyl-I~-pyirold3,2,1-~1
Supplementary Figures 1 through 10 and Supplementary Tables 1 through 4 from Immunotherapy Converts Nonimmunogenic Pancreatic Tumors into Immunogenic Foci of Immune Regulation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1 Schema of the Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Study of Panc GVAX. Figure S2 Pre- and post-vaccination mesothelin peptide-specific T cell levels in responders versus nonresponders. Figure S3 Intratumoral tertiary lymphoid aggregate in PDACs from patients treated with GVAX and lymphocyte cluster in PDACs from patients not treated with GVAX. Figure S4 The development of post-vaccination intratumoral lymphoid aggregates is associated with survival. Figure S5 Relatively more Granzyme B expressing cells observed outside of the lymphoid aggregates. Figure S6 Microdissection of Lymphoid Aggregates for Microarray Analysis. Figure S7 Microarray analysis of lymphoid aggregates revealed gene signatures in four pathways involved in regulating immune cell trafficking and function. Figure S8 Decreased Treg and increased TH17 pathway gene expression signatures are associated with improved post-vaccination responses. Figure S9 Downregulation of Treg pathway gene expression in TIL following treatment with PDAC GVAX is associated with longer survival. Figure S10 IL17A-producing T cells are present in low levels in TIL from PDAC GVAX treated patients. Figure S11 Treatment with low dose Cy increases post-vaccination densities of intratumoral lymphoid aggregates and reduces Treg levels in the PDAC TME. Figure S12 T cell infiltration in PDACs with low versus high CD8/Foxp3 ratio. Table S1 Immunohistochemistry protocols. Table S2 Quantitative real-time RT-PCR primers. Table S3 Scores of TH1, TH2, Treg, and TH17 pathway gene expression in PDAC TIL analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Table S4 Numbers of TIL specimens with detectable expression of immune related genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of a Naphthalene Derivative Inhibitor of Retroviral Integrases (2004)

The retroviral integrase protein (IN) is essential for virus replication and, therefore, an attractive target for the development of inhibitors to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Diverse classes of compounds that are active against this protein have been discovered using in vitro assays. Here we describe the synthesis of a novel compound, 3,8-dibromo-7-amino-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (2BrNSA), which inhibits the in vitro activities of the full-length HIV-1 and avian sarcoma virus (ASV) integrases, and the isolated catalytic core fragment of the ASV protein (residues 52-207). The compound also inhibits retroviral reverse transcriptase in vitro, but the IC(50) for the HIV-1 enzyme is almost two orders of magnitude higher than for HIV-1 integrase. The inhibitor was found to be active in cell culture, preventing reporter gene transduction of HeLa cells by both ASV and HIV-1 vectors. Neither viral attachment nor uptake into cells appeared to be affected in these transfections, whereas accumulation of vector DNA and its joining to host DNA were both drastically reduced in the presence of the inhibitor. Propagation of two different strains of replication-competent HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was also reduced by the inhibitor, allowing survival of a substantial number of cells in the treated cultures. Based on these and other results we speculate that binding of 2BrNSA to integrase in infected cells interferes not only with its catalytic activity but also with critical interactions that are required for the formation or function of the reverse transcriptase complex. Its activity in cell culture suggests that this inhibitor may provide a valuable new lead for further development of drugs that target early steps in the HIV life cycle.
Corneal infiltration and xanthoma formation in mycosis fungoides (2018)

Severe ocular surface disease can rarely occur in MF by direct invasion of tumor cells. Corneal infiltration and xanthoma development may be avoidable by careful monitoring for infectious keratitis in patients with conjunctival involvement, as in our case.