gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cu II -exchanged montmorillonite K10 clay-catalyzed direct carboxylation of terminal alkynes with carbon dioxide (2012)

A new, simple and straight-forward protocol for direct carboxylation of terminal alkynes has been developed using Cu-montmorillonite K10 clay as a heterogeneous catalyst and CO2 as the C1 carbon feedstock. Also coupling of terminal alkynes with CO2 (1 atm) in the presence of alkyl halides has been achieved under the same reaction conditions, thereby providing access to a variety of functionalized alkyl-2-alkynoates in high yields.
On overlapping partitions (2002)

Parallelization strategies based on domain partitioning techniques have been widely adopted for parallel finite element computations because of their suitability to distributed memory platforms. In most cases, this parallelization is based on non-overlapping partitions especially for Computational Structural Mechanics applications. However, finite volume (or mixed finite element/finite volume) discretization methods, which are frequently implemented in Computational Fluid Dynamics applications, generally require the use of overlapping mesh partitions to keep the parallelization work simple. Unfortunately, many tools on which the partitioning step relies give poor results when asked for overlapping partitions. In this paper, we describe an efficient method to transform a non-overlapping partition of a domain into an overlapping one. We also propose an optimization strategy for overlapping partitions that mainly aims at reducing the computational load unbalance as well as the size of the interfaces. The new algorithms demonstrate significant improvements as they are applied to generate overlapping partitions in the context of a parallel mixed finite element/finite volume three-dimensional flow solver.
Proteinase 3 is an IL-32 binding protein (2006)

IL-32, a recently discovered proinflammatory cytokine with four isoforms, induces IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and chemokines. Here, we used ligand (IL-32alpha) affinity chromatography in an attempt to isolate an IL-32alpha soluble receptor or binding protein. Recombinant IL-32alpha was covalently immobilized on agarose, and preparations of concentrated crude human urinary proteins were applied for chromatographic separation. A specific 30-kDa protein eluted from the column during acid washing and was identified by mass spectrometry as proteinase 3 (PR3) and confirmed by N-terminal microsequencing. PR3, a neutrophil granule serine protease, exists in a soluble or membrane form and is the major autoantigen for autoantibodies in the systemic vasculitic disease, Wegener's granulomatosis. The affinity of IL-32alpha to PR3 was determined by surface plasmon resonance. The dissociation constants were 2.65 +/- 0.4 nM for urinary PR3 and 1.2 +/- 0.05 nM for neutrophil-derived PR3. However, irreversible inactivation of PR3 enzymatic activity did not significantly change binding to the cytokine. Nevertheless, limited cleavage of IL-32 yielded products consistent with PR3 enzyme activity. Moreover, after limited cleavage by PR3, IL-32alpha was more active than intact IL-32alpha in inducing macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in mouse macrophages and IL-8 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We suggest that PR3 is a specific IL-32alpha binding protein, independent of its enzymatic activity. However, limited cleavage of IL-32alpha by PR3 enhances activities of the cytokine. Therefore, specific inhibition of PR3 activity to process IL-32 or neutralization of IL-32 by inactive PR3 or its fragments may reduce the consequences of IL-32 in immune regulated diseases.
Electrochemical origin of radical cations observed in electrospray ionization mass spectra (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical origin of radical cations observed in electrospray ionization mass spectraGary J. Van Berkel, Scott A. McLuckey, and Gary L. GlishCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 14, 1586–1593Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00038a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00038a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1629Altmetric-Citations266LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Image and video compression algorithms based on recovery techniques using mean field annealing (1995)

Image and video coding algorithms have found a number of applications ranging from video telephony on the public switched telephone networks (PSTN) to HDTV. However, as the bit rate is lowered, most of the existing techniques, as well as current standards, such as JPEG, H. 261, and MPEG-1 produce highly visible degradations in the reconstructed images primarily due to the information loss caused by the quantization process. In this paper, we propose an iterative technique to reduce the unwanted degradations, such as blocking and mosquito artifacts while keeping the necessary detail present in the original image. The proposed technique makes use of a priori information about the original image through a nonstationary Gauss-Markov model. Utilizing this model, a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate is obtained iteratively using mean field annealing. The fidelity to the data is preserved by projecting the image onto a constraint set defined by the quantizer at each iteration. The proposed solution represents an implementation of a paradigm we advocate, according to which the decoder is not simply undoing the operations performed by the encoder, but instead it solves an estimation problem based on the available bitstream and any prior knowledge about the source image. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on a JPEG, as well as on an H.261-type video codec. It is shown to be effective in removing the coding artifacts present in low bit rate compression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Formation of a Pt12 Cluster by Single‐Atom Control That Leads to Enhanced Reactivity: Hydrogenation of Unreactive Olefins (2013)

A platinum subnanocluster catalyst composed of 12 atoms was synthesized using a phenylazomethine dendrimer, which can assemble twelve PtCl4 units by stepwise complexation, followed by reduction to Pt0. Unreactive olefins that were not activated by conventional 2 nm Pt nanoparticles were successfully hydrogenated by the subnanocluster. EWG=electron-withdrawing group.
Nanobubble Extravasation in Prostate Tumors Imaged with Ultrasound: Role of Active versus Passive Targeting (2018)

Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound (US) has shown promise in detection of prostate cancer (PCa), but sensitivity and specificity of detection remains under 65%. Development of a more effective contrast agent for enhanced delineation of PCa with US could provide significant improvement in this area. Targeted nano-sized US contrast agents with improved capability to extravasate and accumulate in tumors may result in prolonged signal enhancement and improved detection of PCa with US. We have developed a long-circulating nanobubble (NB) targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a known biomarker expressed on PCa cells. In this study, using a unique US-pathology correlation scheme, we compared rapid tumor accumulation of PSMAtargeted NB (PSMA-NB) in PSMA-positive PC3pip tumor compared to that of untargeted NB and the commercially available microbubble (MB), Lumason®. Significant enhancement was seen especially after 15 min of post admiration of PSMA-NB in the PSMA-positive tumor, with minor washout. In contrast, untargeted NB and Lumason® signal decayed continuously after peak. At 25 min after administration of PSMA-NB showed 4-fold high signal enhancement compared to NB (4.0 ± 1.5 vs 1.0 ± 1.1 dB, p <; 0.001) both before and after tumor perfusion. Results indicate that active targeting of NBs to PSMA selectively enhances tumor accumulation and is critical for tumor retention, and both processes can be successfully monitored in real time using contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
Memristors—From In‐Memory Computing, Deep Learning Acceleration, and Spiking Neural Networks to the Future of Neuromorphic and Bio‐Inspired Computing (2020)

Machine learning, particularly in the form of deep learning (DL), has driven most of the recent fundamental developments in artificial intelligence (AI). DL is based on computational models that are, to a certain extent, bio‐inspired, as they rely on networks of connected simple computing units operating in parallel. The success of DL is supported by three factors: availability of vast amounts of data, continuous growth in computing power, and algorithmic innovations. The approaching demise of Moore's law, and the consequent expected modest improvements in computing power that can be achieved by scaling, raises the question of whether the progress will be slowed or halted due to hardware limitations. This article reviews the case for a novel beyond‐complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology—memristors—as a potential solution for the implementation of power‐efficient in‐memory computing, DL accelerators, and spiking neural networks. Central themes are the reliance on non‐von‐Neumann computing architectures and the need for developing tailored learning and inference algorithms. To argue that lessons from biology can be useful in providing directions for further progress in AI, an example‐based reservoir computing is briefly discussed. At the end, speculation is given on the “big picture” view of future neuromorphic and brain‐inspired computing systems.
Waveguide holograms in thin dichromated gelatin films (1984)

Thin dichromated gelatin films were used to record waveguide holograms directly inside the film. Information was stored and retrieved by light of the same wavelength. The waveguides were characterized by optical attenuation < 1 dB/cm and this value was retained after the film sensitization, exposure, and development cycle, so that holograms could be recorded. Sinusoidal gratings were formed and these were used to couple radiation into thin-film waveguides and also as waveguide Fourier holograms of two-dimensional images. The efficiency of a sinusoidal grating as a coupling component was 60%. A Fourier hologram reconstructed by the waveguide method with a diffraction efficiency of 11% was characterized by a recorded data density of ~ 105 bit/ mm2 over an area of 1 mm2.
Constructing a space for developing a rich understanding of science through play (2001)

When we think about the two activities of education and play, we tend to diA erentiate them more by their purposes, end-points and goals than by their processes. It often seems that people are learning eA ectively when they areplaying', and vice versa. But, most would agree that the point of play is diA erent from that of learning, while there is more interplay between the two than we initially imagine. Learning is a component of playing, and playing is a component of learning, and both taken together constitute a process of coming to know. They are aspects of one epistemology. We want to say that this has something to do with conceptions of what it means to know something. To illustrate this, we quote from a grant proposal we recently wrote. In that paper we were proposing to change the graduate student experience of electrical engineering by constructing spaces where students would learn through case-based problem solving. To do this, we would construct case studies of multifaceted problems in which students could apply electrical engineering and information technologies.
Supplementary Figure 5 from A Central Role for RAF→MEK→ERK Signaling in the Genesis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 379K, Dose response curves of human PDA cell lines treated with either MEK inhibitor GSK1120212, AKT inhibitor GSK690693, or both together&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluating solvothermal and mechanochemical routes towards the metal–organic framework Mg 2 ( m -dobdc) (2022)

Metal-organic frameworks bearing coordinatively unsaturated Mg(II) sites are promising materials for gas storage, chemical separations, and drug delivery due to their low molecular weights and lack of toxicity. However, there remains a limited number of such MOFs reported in the literature. Herein, we investigate the gas sorption properties of the understudied framework Mg<sub>2</sub>(<i>m</i>-dobdc) (dobdc<sup>4-</sup> = 4,6-dioxido-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate) synthesized under both solvothermal and mechanochemical conditions. Both materials are found to be permanently porous, as confirmed by 77 K N<sub>2</sub> adsorption measurements. In particular, Mg<sub>2</sub>(<i>m</i>-dobdc) synthesized under mechanochemical conditions using exogenous organic base displays one of the highest capacities reported to date (6.14 mmol/g) for CO<sub>2</sub> capture in a porous solid under simulated coal flue gas conditions (150 mbar, 40 °C). As such, mechanochemically synthesized Mg<sub>2</sub>(<i>m</i>-dobdc) represents a promising new framework for applications requiring high gas adsorption capacities in a porous solid.
Low-voltage-driven top-gate ZnO thin-film transistors with polymer/high-k oxide double-layer dielectric (2006)

The authors report on the fabrication of a low-voltage-driven top-gate ZnO thin-film transistor with a polymer/high-k oxide double-layer dielectric. Hybrid double-layer dielectric (k=∼9.8) was formed on patterned ZnO through sequential deposition processes: spin casting of 45-nm-thin poly-4-vinylphenol and e-beam evaporation of 50-nm-thick amorphous high-k oxide (CeO2–SiO2 mixture). Room-temperature-deposited ZnO channel exhibits much rougher surfaces compared to that of 100°C deposited ZnO, so that enhanced device performances were achieved from a ZnO thin-film transistor (TFT) prepared with 100°C deposited ZnO: ∼0.48cm2∕Vs for field-effect mobility and ∼5×103 for on/off current ratio. Adopting our top-gate ZnO-TFT, a load-resistance inverter was set up and demonstrated decent static and dynamic operations at 3V.
Protonation state of Asp30 exerts crucial influence over surface loop rearrangements responsible for NO release in nitrophorin 4 (2005)

pK(a) values of ionizable residues were calculated for the crystal structures describing the pH and NO binding dependant conformations of nitrophorin 4, a pH sensitive NO carrier heme protein. Comparison of resultant H-bonding patterns allowed the identification of the amino acids that take part in signaling pH change. We carried out MD simulations to show that the protonation state of Asp30, buried in the closed conformation, is crucial for maintaining the tight packed conformation of the closed form of the complex - presenting a model for the functional decrease of NO binding affinity of nitrophorins at physiological pH.
Cryobiophysical Parameters for Freshly Isolated Human Hepatocytes and HEP G2/C3A Cells (1995)

Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to determine basic cryobiophysical parameters for human and hepatoma cells. Each cell type was frozen under carefully controlled conditions and the freezing response observed. The hydraulic permeability for human hepatocytes and its activation energy was measured to be 1.6 (10)−13 m(Pa S)−1 and 2.4 (10)5 J/mol respectively. Internal ice formation parameters for human hepatocyte and hepatoma cells were estimated and compared to those of other species. These cryobiophysical parameters are useful for not only development of cryopreservation protocols but for understanding cell specific freezing characteristics.
Tracking of a Plume Source Using A Priori Models and Nonlinear Filtering (2010)

This paper describes a procedure and algorithm for localizing a plume source using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The procedure first uses a weather station and current ground conditions to develop an initial estimate of the plume source using the Lagrangian Stochastic model and current off-the-shelf WindTrax software. Once the initial estimate is obtained, an Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm using a Gaussian dispersion model and control laws guide the vehicle to the plume source using data measured in-flight to update the model and create a new estimate of the plume source. Tests show favorable plume tracking using field data collected using a ground sensor analyzing CO2 concentration. � Approximation for linear Gaussian dispersion model’s standard deviation function x States of Unscented Kalman Filter a Coordinates position of UAV, m ˆ Predicted plume concentration, PPM c Measured plume concentration, PPM c0 Source dispersion rate, g/s ˆ w i tℎ coordinate of predicted wind direction
Depression post-myocardial infarction (2007)

Depression post-myocardial infarction Depression post-myocardial infarction & & Substance misuse disguised Substance misuse disguised as ADHD
Advances in Mapping of Ventricular Fibrillation and Defibrillation: Role of the Purkinje System (2012)

The Purkinje system plays a critical role in spreading activation from the atrioventricular node to the working myocardium throughout the ventricles in normal sinus rhythm. Recent mapping studies have shown that the Purkinje system may be a source of rapid activation in ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Clinical ablation procedures targeting activity in the Purkinje system have successfully treated a subset of VT/VF patients. Animal mapping studies have demonstrated that the Purkinje system may drive the rapid activation rate of VF, particularly after 2-3 minutes of VF. While activation patterns in early VF are consistent with intramural re-entry, in prolonged VF the Purkinje system continues to activate rapidly and drive the activation rate.
Dispersion behavior of several carbides into molten aluminum and mechanical properties of TiC/Al composite. (1993)

The dispersion behavior and the interfacial reaction of various carbide particles in pure aluminum matrix composites made by a melt stirring method were observed and mechanical properties of TiC particulate aluminum matrix composites were also measured. WC particles decompose completely in molten pure aluminum during the stirring. Although NbC and VC particles can be incorporated into molten Al-1mass%Mg alloy, most of them decompose. Among various carbide particles, TaC, ZrC and TiC particles show high stability and uniform distribution, even though minute amounts of Al3Zr and Al3Ti are observed in the ZrC/Al and TiC/Al systems, respectively. The effect of processing temperature on mechanical properties of TiC/Al composites was evaluated. The properties are rarely affected by the processing temperature when the temperature is ranging from 1073K to 1273K. The strength of TiC/Al-Mg (Mg: 1-5mass%) composites is higher than that of a TiC/pure Al composite. The increment in strength by dispersing TiC particles becomes smaller with an increase in the strength of the matrix alloy for TiC/Al- (Cu, 5mass%Cu-Mg) composites. The strength increases and the elongation decreases with increasing volume fraction of TiC particles up to 17vol%.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of the Cyclization‐Rearrangement of (+)‐Copalyl Diphosphate to (‐)‐Abietadiene Catalyzed by Recombinant Abietadiene Synthase from Abies grandis. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A subcloning strategy for DNA sequence analysis (1980)

We describe here a new strategy of fragment preparation for sequencing procedures using endlabelled DNA fragments as substrates (2,3) which is directly applicable to DNA fragments cloned into the Pst I site of pBR322, or in modified form, to inserts into the BamH I or Sal I site of the same plasmid. Ordered sets of subclones of predetermined overlap are are generated. These can be sequenced directly without further strand- or fragment separation steps.
Progressive Graph Partitioning Based on Information Diffusion (2021)

We propose an online deterministic annealing algorithm for progressive graph partitioning based on the spectral information of the underlying graph Laplacian matrix. Online deterministic annealing is a prototype-based unsupervised learning algorithm that progressively adjusts the number of prototypes used with respect to a performance-complexity trade-off. Due to the online nature of the proposed learning algorithm, the structure of the graph need not be known a priori. In this regard, we construct a distributed approximation algorithm to estimate the spectral information of the graph Laplacian, bypassing the exact computation of its eigenvectors. By propagating an impulse through the graph via a diffusion equation, we show that each node can construct a local learning representation which can be used for spectral clustering. As a result, the proposed approach is suitable for large graphs, requires minimal hyper-parameter tuning, and provides online control over the complexity-accuracy trade-off. We illustrate the properties and evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology in graph partition and image segmentation applications.
Trabecular Bone Structure of the Calcaneus: Comparison of MR Imaging at 3.0 and 1.5 T with Micro-CT as the Standard of Reference (2006)

MR imaging at 3.0 T provided a better measure of the trabecular bone structure than did MR imaging at 1.5 T. There was a trend for better differentiation of donors with from those without osteoporotic vertebral fractures at 3.0 T than at 1.5 T.
A 25Gbps low-voltage Waveguide Si-Ge Avalanche Photodiode (2016)

We demonstrate a waveguide Si-Ge avalanche photodiode with a breakdown voltage of −10V, a speed of 25GHz, and a gain-bandwidth product of 276GHz. The APD optical receiver achieved sensitivities of −25dBm and −16dBm at 12.5Gbps and 25Gbps at 1550nm, respectively.
Surface Modification of Ceramics by High Density Infrared Heating (2008)

High density infrared (HDI) heating offers a unique method for surface modification. The technique was used to surface treat commercial high alumina refractories where surface melting was observed. During solidification of the surface melted region, highly oriented mullite grains with the c-axis perpendicular to the surface were precipitated. Preliminary corrosion testing with molten copper showed less penetration into the HDI treated materials.