gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sarizotan, a 5-HT1a and D2-Like Receptor Agonist, on Respiration in Three Mouse Models of Rett Syndrome (2014)

Disturbances in respiration are common and debilitating features of Rett syndrome (RTT). A previous study showed that the 5-HT1a receptor agonist (R)-(+)-8-hydroxy-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) significantly reduced the incidence of apnea and the irregular breathing pattern in a mouse model of the disorder. 8-OH-DPAT, however, is not available for clinical practice. Sarizotan, a full 5-HT1a agonist and a dopamine D2-like agonist/partial agonist, has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sarizotan on respiration and locomotion in mouse models of RTT. Studies were performed in Bird and Jaenisch strains of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2--deficient heterozygous female and Jaenisch strain Mecp2 null male mice and in knock-in heterozygous female mice of a common nonsense mutation (R168X). Respiratory pattern was determined with body plethysmography, and locomotion was determined with open-field recording. Sarizotan or vehicle was administered 20 minutes before a 30-minute recording of respiratory pattern or motor behavior. In separate studies, a crossover design was used to administer the drug for 7 and for 14 days. Sarizotan reduced the incidence of apnea in all three RTT mouse models to approximately 15% of their pretreatment levels. The irregular breathing pattern was corrected to that of wild-type littermates. When administered for 7 or 14 days, apnea decreased to 25 to 33% of the incidence seen with vehicle. This study indicates that the clinically approved drug sarizotan is an effective treatment for respiratory disorders in mouse models of RTT.
Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing by Presenilin 1 (PS1) and PS2 in PS1 Knockout Cells (2000)

The presenilin 1 (PS1) and PS2 proteins are thought to play roles in processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), but the nature of this role is not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that PS1 is necessary for cleavage of APP at the gamma-secretase site. We now show that PS1 and PS2 participate in other aspects of APP processing. Fibroblasts generated from PS1 knockout mice have increased levels of the APP cleavage products, secreted APP (APPs), and APP C-terminal fragments, but lower secretion of APPs and Abeta. We have also observed that loss of PS1 prevents protein kinase C or extracellular regulated kinase from increasing production of the APP cleavage products, APPs, and APP C-terminal fragments. Transfection of PS1 -/- cells with PS1 restores the responsiveness of APP processing to protein kinase C and extracellular regulated kinase. This suggests that the changes in APP processing in PS1 -/- cells result strictly from the absence of PS1. Transfection of PS1 -/- cells with PS2 is also able to correct the deficits in APP secretion, which suggests that the PS2 also has the ability to regulate APP processing. Finally, transfection of the truncated PS2 construct, Alg3, into cells lacking PS1 increases APP C-terminal fragments. This suggests that Alg3 can interfere with the processing of APP by PS2. These data point to roles for both PS1 and PS2 in regulating APP processing and suggest that the role of these proteins also includes coupling APP to signal transduction pathways.
Lipid topology and electrostatic interactions underpin lytic activity of linear cationic antimicrobial peptides in membranes (2017)

Linear cationic antimicrobial peptides are a diverse class of molecules that interact with a wide range of cell membranes. Many of these peptides disrupt cell integrity by forming membrane-spanning pores that ultimately lead to their death. Despite these peptides high potency and ability to evade acquired bacterial drug resistance, there is a lack of knowledge on their selectivity and activity mechanisms. Such an understanding would provide an informative framework for rational design and could lead to potential antimicrobial therapeutic targets. In this paper, we use a high-throughput microfluidic platform as a quantitative screen to assess peptide activity and selectivity by precisely controlling exposure to vesicles with lipid compositions that mimic both bacterial and mammalian cell membranes. We explore the complexity of the lipid-peptide interactions governing membrane-disruptive behaviors and establish a link between peptide pore formation and both lipid-peptide charge and topological interactions. We propose a topological model for linear antimicrobial peptide activity based on the increase in membrane strain caused by the continuous adsorption of peptides to the target vesicle coupled with the effects of both lipid-peptide charge and topographical interactions. We also show the validity of the proposed model by investigating the activity of two prototypical linear cationic peptides: magainin 2 amide (which is selective for bacterial cells) and melittin (which targets both mammalian and bacterial cells indiscriminately). Finally, we propose the existence of a negative feedback mechanism that governs the pore formation process and controls the membrane's apparent permeability.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Knowledge and Innovations Related to Hexofuranosides: Structure, Synthesis and Applications (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cell Transformation by the Viral src Oncogene (1987)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Effect of dodecylmaltoside (DDM) on uptake of BCS III compounds, tiludronate and cromolyn, in Caco-2 cells and rat intestine model (2010)

The efficacy of n-lauryl-beta-D-maltopyranoside, (dodecylmaltoside, DDM) as a permeability-enhancer for tiludronate and cromolyn (BCS Class III, water-soluble compounds with oral bioavailability < 5%) was evaluated in Caco-2 cell monolayers and rat intestinal sacs. In Caco-2 cells samples were collected over a 5-h period and transepithelial resistance (TEER) was measured concurrently. In rat intestinal sacs, samples of the test compounds and marker (Lucifer Yellow) were collected over a 40 min period; accumulation in the serosal fluid and intestinal tissue was measured. At lower concentration DDM had no effect on cromolyn permeability and a marginal increase was observed at higher concentration. Tiludronate permeability in the presence of DDM showed greater enhancement as compared to cromolyn. At higher concentration DDM appeared to cause permanent damage to the cell monolayer (irreversible change in TEER). In the intestinal tissue, DDM caused increased tissue accumulation of test compounds. This indicated that transport was not restricted to the paracellular route and damage to the intestinal tissue could not be ruled out. Based on the results obtained in this study it can be concluded that at concentrations that are non-toxic DDM appears to have a limited use to improve the oral absorption of cromolyn and tiludronate.
Health management system design: Development, simulation and cost/benefit optimization (2003)

Provides an update to the developments associated with a prognostics and health management (PHM) system design tool that integrates a model-based FMECA methodology with state-of-the-art system simulation directly linked to downstream life cycle costs (LCC). This design tool will seek out recommended PHM system designs based on a cost function that accurately represents key LCC variables such as system availability, maintainability, reliability, and failure mode observability. The tool will be capable of assessing PHM sensor requirement specifications at the component and subsystem levels, and will then allow for integration into a broader integrated system model. Tradeoff, sensitivity and "what if" analysis will then allow the designer/user to examine the cost/benefit relationship of either adding or removing sensor and algorithms under consideration for the PHM design. A simplified example of a health management system cost/benefit analysis on an aircraft electromechanical valve is provided for illustration of the concepts introduced.
Testing the accuracy of analytical estimates of spare capacity in protected-mesh networks (2006)

Recently, two different investigators published analytical models to predict the spare capacity requirements of shared-mesh survivable networks. If accurate, such estimators could be used in network planning and technology-selection applications in network-operating companies, displacing or reducing the need for detailed design studies. However, relatively few test-case results involving irregular topology and demands were provided, and some possibly significant idealizations were involved. We have therefore conducted a further series of tests of the equations to more widely assess the general accuracy of the results and to be aware of the possible limitations to their use. We review and implement the equations in question and compare their predictions, along with two well-known simple estimators, to the properties of integer linear programming (ILP)-based network design solutions for three families of protected-mesh networks. In all, 1464 detailed network designs are used as 'truth' tests for the equations over a systematically varying range of network topologies and demand patterns. On this set of trials the new mathematical models were rarely within 10% accuracy and typically had up to 30% error. By dissecting some specific cases we gain insights as to why average-case mathematical models of such a network-dependent phenomenon are unlikely to be reliable. Insights into the effects of network nodal degree, demand variance, hop and distance topologies, and topology dependence are also given.
Interactions of heparin with human skin cells: Binding, location, and transdermal penetration (2003)

The development of new materials for tissue engineering of skin substitutes requires an increasing knowledge of their interactions with human skin cells. Since carbohydrate recognition is involved in numerous biologic processes, including skin regeneration, the aim of this study was to identify sugar receptors expressed at the surface of human dermic and epidermic cells. Binding of fluorescent sugar-polyhydroxyethylacrylamide derivatives was analyzed by flow cytofluorimetry on cultured human skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and melanocytes. We observed that these three cell types express a membrane receptor specific for GlcNAc6S. Since the polysaccharide heparin contains this sugar moiety, we further investigated the interactions of heparin with skin cells. We analyzed the in vitro cell binding and ex vivo diffusion with the Franz cell of heparin and of two other polysaccharides of similar molecular weight, dextran and chondroitin sulfate. We found evidence of the preferential binding of heparin on keratinocytes and its high transcutaneous penetration of skin. Altogether, our results describe the affinity of heparin for human skin cells and suggest it may be an excellent candidate for use in the skin delivery of drugs or cosmetics and also as an active component in engineered skin.
Invariant x-ray elastic constants and their use in determining hydrostatic stress (2011)

The measurement of stress using x-ray diffraction requires knowledge of the constitutive equation linking strain and stress for the sample under investigation. With the exception of single-crystal materials, a unique constitutive relation does not exist requiring an average over the diffracting ensemble. Such averaging techniques provide bounds to the range of x-ray elastic constants, whose values depend on the elastic anisotropy of the material, the mechanical response of the crystallites and often the x-ray reflection chosen. In fact, for materials possessing cubic symmetry, the general x-ray stress equation can be reduced to a form that relates the measured strain to the hydrostatic stress and the bulk modulus, quantities that are invariant with respect to crystal orientation. These orientations do not correspond to stress-free values but rather to lattice parameters that are independent of the x-ray reflection used. Examples include the application of this technique to a test case of an isotropic, biaxially stressed film, and determining the triaxial stress states in capped features. The validity of these orientations, which are developed for specific stress states, relies on the assumption that the polycrystalline aggregate behaves as a quasi-isotropic ensemble.
Opioids: 3.3 Synthetic Opioids (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Search for Opioids with Reduced Side-Effects
Highly Functional Branched and Dendri-Graft Aliphatic Polyesters through Ring Opening Polymerization (1998)

Highly branched poly(ε-caprolactones) with novel and well-defined molecular architectures have been synthesized by the use of new multifunctional initiators. The ring-opening polymerization methods used to prepare these new structures allowed accurate control of molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distributions. In addition, the synthesis of even more complex molecular architectures was possible by the use of 1,4,9-trioxaspiro[4.6]-9-undecanone as a comonomer with ε-caprolactone. After copolymerization, complete deacetalization of the polyester chains into the corresponding ketone groups followed by quantitative reduction formed polymers with hydroxyl pendant groups. With this synthetic strategy, significant additional functionality was introduced. In addition, the pendant hydroxyl groups along the chains can serve as macroinitiators for the further initiation of ε-caprolactone to prepare dendri-graft molecular architectures. The new polymers were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). 13C NMR spectra clearly showed that the hydroxyl groups of the initiators were fully substituted to give polymers with two, four, and six arms.
An investigation of bovine serum copper levels in Lincolnshire and South Humberside. (1986)

Analysis of more than 2000 bovine serum samples showed a large monthly variation in copper levels. There was also a difference in levels between beef and dairy cows although all showed the same monthly pattern. This monthly variation was correlated with rainfall; the higher the rainfall the lower the copper level. The interpretation of single herd blood copper values must be considered carefully in view of this variation.
Texturing of Micaceous Superconductor Powder and Fabrication of Wire to Preserve the Texture (2010)

The Bi-based high-temperature superconductors are micaceous: grains cleave preferentially in the ab plane when fractured, so that powders consist of thin platelets. Superconducting current transport is similarly planar, and supercurrent flow is largely limited to the ab plane. We report studies of two methods to align the particles of such powder in a thin layer so that most particles are aligned with parallel ab planes. We are developing a `jelly-roll' method for wire fabrication that could preserve this desirable texture.
Failure to Attract and Retain Clinician/Scientist Faculty Puts Our Profession at Risk (1999)

Peer Reviewed
Metal-catalysed selective transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to allylic alcohols (2020)

This review describes the state-of-the-art of metal-catalyzed selective transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones to the allylic alcohols, covering the literature of the last 30 years.
Reconfigurable nanoscale logic cells : a comparison study (2009)

This paper presents a new cell family designed to perform reconfigurable operations in nanometric systems. Using new properties given by emerging devices, we can create cells based on various improvement objectives, such as increasing density or elementary device functionality. Therefore, a reconfigurable logic cell using high-density emerging technology is able to achieve an area improvement of over two orders of magnitude compared to an advanced CMOS design (projected 22 nm gate length node), whereas solutions based on carbon electronics improve drastically power characteristics.
Structure, Location, and Spatial Proximities of Hydroxyls on γ-Alumina Crystallites by High-Resolution Solid-State NMR and DFT Modeling: Why Edges Hold the Key (2023)

The atomic-scale characterization of surface active sites on γ-alumina still represents a great challenge for numerous catalytic applications. Here, we combine advanced density functional theory (DFT) calculations with one- and two-dimensional proton solid-state NMR experiments to identify the exact location and the spatial proximity of hydroxyl groups on γ-alumina crystallites. Our approach relies on revisited models for the (100), (111), basal (110)b, and lateral (110)l facets of γ-alumina, as well as for the edges at their intersections. Notably, we show that the ≃0 ppm AlTd-μ1-OH protons are predominantly located on edges, where these are free from the H-bond network. The proximities among the AlTd-μ1-OH as well as with μ2-OH groups are revealed by 1H–1H dipolar correlation experiments and analyzed in the light of the DFT calculations, which identify their location on the basal (110)b facet and on the (110)b/(100) and (110)b/(110)l edges. Using chlorine atoms to probe the presence of hydroxyls, we show that the chlorination occurs selectively by exchanging μ1-OH located on edges and on lateral (110)l facets. By contrast, the basal (110)b and lateral (111) facets are not probed by Cl. This exchange explains the disappearance of the ≃0 ppm peak and of the correlations involving AlTd-μ1-OH species. Moreover, after chlorination, a deshielding of the AlTd is observed on high-resolution 27Al NMR spectra. More subtle effects are visible on the proton correlation spectra, which are attributed to the disruption of the H-bond network in the course of chlorination.
WIDENING THE SCOPE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION RISK ASSOCIATIONS (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyEditorials1 Jul 2005WIDENING THE SCOPE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION RISK ASSOCIATIONS Arthur L. Burnett Arthur L. BurnettArthur L. Burnett More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000167215.86668.2dAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "WIDENING THE SCOPE OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION RISK ASSOCIATIONS." The Journal of Urology, 174(1), pp. 12–13 References 1 : Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol1994; 151: 54. Link, Google Scholar 2 : Smoking and erectile dysfunction: evidence based analysis. J Urol2001; 166: 1624. Link, Google Scholar 3 : Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA2004; 291: 2978. Google Scholar 4 : Modifiable risk factors and erectile dysfunction: can lifestyle changes modify risk?. Urology2000; 56: 302. Google Scholar Department of Urology; The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute; The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 174Issue 1July 2005Page: 12-13 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Arthur L. Burnett More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Supercontinuum Generation by Saturated Second-Order Nonlinear Interactions (2021)

We propose a new approach to supercontinuum generation and carrier-envelope-offset detection based on saturated second-order nonlinear interactions in dispersion-engineered nanowaveguides. The technique developed here broadens the interacting harmonics by forming stable bifurcations of the pulse envelopes due to an interplay between phase-mismatch and pump depletion. We first present an intuitive heuristic model for spectral broadening by second-harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses, and show that this model agrees well with experiments. Then, having established strong agreement between theory and experiment, we develop scaling laws that determine the energy required to generate an octave of bandwidth as a function of input pulse duration, device length, and input pulse chirp. These scaling laws suggest that future realization based on this approach could enable supercontinuum generation with orders of magnitude less energy than current state-of-the-art devices.
Tetrahydrofuran Activates Fluorescence Resonant Energy Transfer from a Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolyte to Fluorescein‐Labeled DNA in Aqueous Media (2007)

A cationic water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly[9,9-bis(6''-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene-co-alt-2,5-bis(6'-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyloxyphenylene) tetrabromide], was synthesized. Fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) experiments between the polymer and fluorescein-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA-Fl) were conducted in aqueous buffer and THF/buffer mixtures. Weak fluorescence emission in aqueous buffer was observed upon excitation of the polymer, whereas addition of THF turned on the fluorescence. Fluorescence self-quenching of ssDNA-Fl in the ssDNA-Fl/polymer complexes as well as electron transfer from the polymer to fluorescein may account for the low fluorescence emission in buffer. The improved sensitization of fluorescence by the polymer observed in THF/buffer could be attributed to the weaker binding between the polymer and ssDNA-Fl and a decrease in dielectric constant of the solvent mixture, which disfavors electron transfer. THF-assisted signal sensitization was also observed for the polymer and fluorescein-labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA-Fl). These results indicate that the use of cosolvent provides a strategy to improve the detection sensitivity for biosensors based on the optical amplification provided by conjugated polymers.
Enhancing Cell Migration in Collagen Gels by Modulating Collagen Adhesivity (2008)

The organized movement of cells is critical during tissue morphogenesis and wound healing. While different tissue cells use distinct mechanisms for migration, the underlying biophysical balance of adhesive and tractional forces for effective migration is similar. The extracellular matrix provides the structural framework through which a cell can migrate. In particular, collagen is an abundant and ubiquitous ECM protein that supports cell migration. The excellent biocompatibility and physiological relevance of collagen have made it a primary material for tissue engineered regenerative therapies and in vitro studies with tissue equivalents.
The video coder with filterbank and subband motion estimation and compensation (2002)

We describe a new video coding scheme using filter bank and subband motion estimation and compensation. Inmost of video coding schemes such as MPEG [2], they have problem of blocking artifacts and computational complexity in motion estimation. We use Lapped Biorthogonal Transform (LBT) instead of DCT to reduce the blocking artifacts, and use the motion estimation in subband block domain to reduce the computational complexity. Intra-frames and the difference frames between the current and predicted frames in a video sequence are encoded by Efficient Embedded Zerotree Wavelet codec (EEZW) [7]. They permit scalability, progressive transmission, and exact bit-rate control.