gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Quantum-Optical Nature of High Harmonic Generation (2020)

We show novel effects in high harmonic generation arising from the quantum nature of light. These effects include multiple shifted combs of high harmonics, where each photon carries all the spectral information of the combs.
Modeling of a dc glow plasma loudspeaker (1987)

A plasma loudspeaker is a transducer that produces sound by means of an ionized gas channel rather than the voice coil of a conventional loudspeaker. Plasma loudspeakers characteristically have a flat frequency response at the higher acoustic frequencies because of their ‘‘massless’’ membrane; however, their low-frequency response is limited. In this article, a comprehensive model for the electrical and thermodynamic operation of the electrical discharge is presented that explains the frequency-dependent behavior of the discharge’s electrical impedance and acoustic response. The characteristic acoustic frequency response is shown to result from a spatial variation of the temperature relaxation time throughout the plasma channel due to the temperature dependence of that time constant. To support the model, electrical and sound-pressure level measurements in helium, argon, and air are presented.
Structure and Function of the Virulence-Associated High-Temperature Requirement A of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2008)

The high-temperature requirement A (HtrA) family of serine proteases has been shown to play an important role in the environmental and cellular stress damage control system in Escherichia coli. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb) has three putative HtrA-like proteases, HtrA1, HtrA2, and HtrA3. The deletion of htrA2 gives attenuated virulence in a mouse model of TB. Biochemical analysis reveals that HtrA2 can function both as a protease and as a chaperone. The three-dimensional structure of HtrA2 determined at 2.0 A resolution shows that the protease domains form the central core of the trimer and the PDZ domains extend to the periphery. Unlike E. coli DegS and DegP, the protease is naturally active due to the formation of the serine protease-like catalytic triad and its uniquely designed oxyanion hole. Both protease and PDZ binding pockets of each HtrA2 molecule are occupied by autoproteolytic peptide products and reveal clues for a novel autoregulatory mechanism that might have significant importance in HtrA-associated virulence of Mtb.
Polypyrrole-Oligosaccharide Microarray for the Measurement of Biomolecular Interactions by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (2011)

The polypyrrole approach initially developed for the construction of DNA chips, has been extended to other biochemical compounds such as proteins and more recently oligosaccharides. The copolymerization of a pyrrole monomer with a biomolecule bearing a pyrrole group by an electrochemical process allows a very fast coupling of the biomolecule (probe) to a gold layer used as a working electrode. Fluorescence-based detection is the reference method to detect interactions on biochips; however an alternative label free method, could be more convenient for rapid screening of biointeractions. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPRi) is a typical label-free method for real time detection of the binding of biological molecules onto functionalized surfaces. This surface sensitive optical method is based upon evanescent wave sensing on a thin metal layer. The SPR approach described herein is performed in an imaging geometry that allows simultaneous monitoring of biorecognition reactions occurring on an array of immobilized probes (chip). In a SPR imaging experiment, local changes in the reflectivity are recorded with a CCD camera and are exploited to monitor up to 100 different biological reactions occurring onto the molecules linked to the polypyrrole matrix. This method will be applied to oligosaccharide recognition.
Capture of Hydroxyl Radicals by Hydronium Cations in Water Microdroplets (2022)

Abstract Despite the high stability of bulk water, water microdroplets possess strikingly different properties, such as the presence of hydroxyl radicals (OH⋅) at the air–water interface. Previous studies exhibited the recombination of OH⋅ into H 2 O 2 molecules and the capture of OH⋅ by oxidizing other molecules. By spraying pure water microdroplets into a mass spectrometer, we detected OH⋅ in the form of (H 4 O 2 ) + that is essentially OH⋅−H 3 O + , a hydroxyl radical combined with a hydronium cation through hydrogen bonding. We also successfully captured it with two OH⋅ scavengers, caffeine and melatonin, and key oxidation radical intermediates that bear important mechanistic information were seen. It is suggested that some previous reactions involving (H 4 O 2 ) + should be attributed to reactions with OH⋅−H 3 O + rather than with the water dimer cation (H 2 O−OH 2 ) + .
Quenching spin diffusion in selective measurements of transient overhauser effects in nuclear magnetic resonance. Applications to oligonucleotides (1994)

In high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the transfer of longitudinal magnetization from one spin to another (A squiggly arrow pointing right X) under the effect of cross relaxation (nuclear Overhauser effect) is often complicated by spin-diffusion pathways through other spins K in the vicinity (e.g., A squiggly arrow pointing right K squiggly arrow pointing right X). It is shown how these undesirable pathways can be quenched by manipulating the magnetization of the two sites A and X with doubly selective inversion pulses. At the beginning of the experiment, after selective inversion of the ''source'' spin A, the longitudinal magnetization tends to migrate not only to the 'target' nucleus X but also to various other 'clandestine'' nuclei K, K, ... ([I(z)A] squiggly arrow pointing right [I(z)K], [I(z)K'], ...). In the middle of the interval tau(m), the longitudinal magnetization components of both A and X are inverted simultaneously, without affecting the spins K, K', .... The direct flow of magnetization from A to X is not perturbed by this manipulation, but the indirect flow via K, K', ... is reversed in sign and almost perfectly canceled at the end of the relaxation interval tau(m). If the signal of the target spin X overlaps with other resonances, the polarization [I(z)x] may be monitored indirectly by a doubly selective magnetization transfer to a 'spy'' proton M through a scalar coupling J(MX). The methods are illustrated by applications to Overhauser effects in the palindromic deoxyribonucleic acid d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2, Which forms a B-type double helix.
Planar array for non-invasive ultra-superficial hyperthermia applicator (2015)

The 8×8 array applicator for 915 MHz hyperthermia proposed. Proposed array applicator is 8×8 lattice array with and without phased feeding. 8×8 lattice array with same phase is for superficial hyperthermia. 8×8 lattice array with phased feeding is for ultra-superficial hyperthermia, which has deeper treatment area. 8×8 lattice array without phased feeding has 61 % effective treatment area of array size in 2 cm depth from skin surface. 8×8 lattice array with phased feeding has penetration enhancement from 34 mm to 49 mm.
Quintet ground state of a non-Kekule tetraradical 3,6-dimethyleneanthracenyl-1,7-dioxy (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuintet ground state of a non-Kekule tetraradical 3,6-dimethyleneanthracenyl-1,7-dioxyDavid E. Seeger and Jerome A. BersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 15, 5144–5146Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00353a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00353a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Imaging localized neuronal activity at fast time scales through biomechanics (2019)

Mapping neuronal activity noninvasively is a key requirement for in vivo human neuroscience. Traditional functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with a temporal response of seconds, cannot measure high-level cognitive processes evolving in tens of milliseconds. To advance neuroscience, imaging of fast neuronal processes is required. Here, we show in vivo imaging of fast neuronal processes at 100-ms time scales by quantifying brain biomechanics noninvasively with MR elastography. We show brain stiffness changes of ~10% in response to repetitive electric stimulation of a mouse hind paw over two orders of frequency from 0.1 to 10 Hz. We demonstrate in mice that regional patterns of stiffness modulation are synchronous with stimulus switching and evolve with frequency. For very fast stimuli (100 ms), mechanical changes are mainly located in the thalamus, the relay location for afferent cortical input. Our results demonstrate a new methodology for noninvasively tracking brain functional activity at high speed.
Feature-guided image fusion of intrasurgical optical coherence tomography and digital surgical microscopy (2022)

Microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (MIOCT) is an emerging multimodal imaging technology in which live volumetric OCT (“4D-OCT”) is displayed simultaneously with standard stereo color microscopy. 4D-OCT provides ophthalmic surgeons with many visual cues not available in microscopy, but it cannot serve as a replacement due to lack of color features. In this work, we demonstrate progress toward a unified solution by fusion of data from both modalities, guided by segmented 3D features, yielding a more efficient visualization combining important cues from both modalities.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIVING SPACE WITH A MOVABLE FLOOR (1997)

The living space with a movable floor has not only the fixed floor but the movable floor which stops at the upper position or at the lower position. One room is used for two kinds of uses. The purpose of the development of this system is to realize a movable living space which is corresponding to present-day needs, comfortable, efficient, and safe. The characteristic of this system is the free choice of the room use which the resident wants at all times. The another characteristic is the economic effect because this space can be used twice.
The Role of 5-HT 3 Receptors in Signaling from Taste Buds to Nerves (2015)

Activation of taste buds triggers the release of several neurotransmitters, including ATP and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). Type III taste cells release 5-HT directly in response to acidic (sour) stimuli and indirectly in response to bitter and sweet tasting stimuli. Although ATP is necessary for activation of nerve fibers for all taste stimuli, the role of 5-HT is unclear. We investigated whether gustatory afferents express functional 5-HT3 receptors and, if so, whether these receptors play a role in transmission of taste information from taste buds to nerves. In mice expressing GFP under the control of the 5-HT(3A) promoter, a subset of cells in the geniculate ganglion and nerve fibers in taste buds are GFP-positive. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of 5-HT(3A) mRNA in the geniculate ganglion. Functional studies show that only those geniculate ganglion cells expressing 5-HT3A-driven GFP respond to 10 μM 5-HT and this response is blocked by 1 μM ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, and mimicked by application of 10 μM m-chlorophenylbiguanide, a 5-HT3 agonist. Pharmacological blockade of 5-HT3 receptors in vivo or genetic deletion of the 5-HT3 receptors reduces taste nerve responses to acids and other taste stimuli compared with controls, but only when urethane was used as the anesthetic. We find that anesthetic levels of pentobarbital reduce taste nerve responses apparently by blocking the 5-HT3 receptors. Our results suggest that 5-HT released from type III cells activates gustatory nerve fibers via 5-HT3 receptors, accounting for a significant proportion of the neural taste response.
Adaptive TDTL with enhanced performance using sample sensing technique (2006)

This paper proposes an adaptive time delay digital tanlock loop architecture with enhanced performance. The new loop includes an error-sensing block that monitors the sample values in the delayed path and subsequently adjusts the digital filter gain before the system goes out of lock. Simulation and FPGA implementation show that the loop can efficiently handle large frequency disturbances that may otherwise result in out of lock conditions
Extremely potent human monoclonal antibodies from convalescent Covid-19 patients (2020)

SUMMARY Human monoclonal antibodies are safe, preventive and therapeutic tools, that can be rapidly developed to help restore the massive health and economic disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. By single cell sorting 4277 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein specific memory B cells from 14 Covid-19 survivors, 453 neutralizing antibodies were identified and 220 of them were expressed as IgG. Up to 65,9% of monoclonals neutralized the wild type virus at a concentration of &gt;500 ng/mL, 23,6% neutralized the virus in the range of 100 - 500 ng/mL and 9,1% had a neutralization potency in the range of 10 - 100 ng/mL. Only 1,4% neutralized the authentic virus with a potency of 1-10 ng/mL. We found that the most potent neutralizing antibodies are extremely rare and recognize the RBD, followed in potency by antibodies that recognize the S1 domain, the S-protein trimeric structure and the S2 subunit. The three most potent monoclonal antibodies identified were able to neutralize the wild type and D614G mutant viruses with less than 10 ng/mL and are good candidates for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic tools against SARS-CoV-2. One Sentence Summary Extremely potent neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies isolated from Covid-19 convalescent patients for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
Anhydrous Tetramethylammonium Fluoride for Room-Temperature SNAr Fluorination (2015)

This paper describes the room-temperature S(N)Ar fluorination of aryl halides and nitroarenes using anhydrous tetramethylammonium fluoride (NMe4F). This reagent effectively converts aryl-X (X = Cl, Br, I, NO2, OTf) to aryl-F under mild conditions (often room temperature). Substrates for this reaction include electron-deficient heteroaromatics (22 examples) and arenes (5 examples). The relative rates of the reactions vary with X as well as with the structure of the substrate. However, in general, substrates bearing X = NO2 or Br react fastest. In all cases examined, the yields of these reactions are comparable to or better than those obtained with CsF at elevated temperatures (i.e., more traditional halex fluorination conditions). The reactions also afford comparable yields on scales ranging from 100 mg to 10 g. A cost analysis is presented, which shows that fluorination with NMe4F is generally more cost-effective than fluorination with CsF.
Data Science-Driven Analysis of Substrate-Permissive Diketopiperazine Reverse Prenyltransferase NotF: Applications in Protein Engineering and Cascade Biocatalytic Synthesis of (−)-Eurotiumin A (2022)

Prenyltransfer is an early-stage carbon-hydrogen bond (C-H) functionalization prevalent in the biosynthesis of a diverse array of biologically active bacterial, fungal, plant, and metazoan diketopiperazine (DKP) alkaloids. Toward the development of a unified strategy for biocatalytic construction of prenylated DKP indole alkaloids, we sought to identify and characterize a substrate-permissive C2 reverse prenyltransferase (PT). As the first tailoring event within the biosynthesis of cytotoxic notoamide metabolites, PT NotF catalyzes C2 reverse prenyltransfer of brevianamide F. Solving a crystal structure of NotF (in complex with native substrate and prenyl donor mimic dimethylallyl S-thiolodiphosphate (DMSPP)) revealed a large, solvent-exposed active site, intimating NotF may possess a significantly broad substrate scope. To assess the substrate selectivity of NotF, we synthesized a panel of 30 sterically and electronically differentiated tryptophanyl DKPs, the majority of which were selectively prenylated by NotF in synthetically useful conversions (2 to >99%). Quantitative representation of this substrate library and development of a descriptive statistical model provided insight into the molecular origins of NotF's substrate promiscuity. This approach enabled the identification of key substrate descriptors (electrophilicity, size, and flexibility) that govern the rate of NotF-catalyzed prenyltransfer, and the development of an "induced fit docking (IFD)-guided" engineering strategy for improved turnover of our largest substrates. We further demonstrated the utility of NotF in tandem with oxidative cyclization using flavin monooxygenase, BvnB. This one-pot, <i>in vitro</i> biocatalytic cascade enabled the first chemoenzymatic synthesis of the marine fungal natural product, (-)-eurotiumin A, in three steps and 60% overall yield.
Turbine exhaust diffuser with a gas jet producing a coanda effect flow control (2023)

An exhaust diffuser system and method for a turbine engine includes an inner boundary and an outer boundary with a flow path defined therebetween. The inner boundary is defined at least in part by a hub structure that has an upstream end and a downstream end. The outer boundary may include a region in which the outer boundary extends radially inward toward the hub structure and may direct at least a portion of an exhaust flow in the diffuser toward the hub structure. The hub structure includes at least one jet exit located on the hub structure adjacent to the upstream end of the tail cone. The jet exit discharges a flow of gas substantially tangential to an outer surface of the tail cone to produce a Coanda effect and direct a portion of the exhaust flow in the diffuser toward the inner boundary.
Proposal of the evaluation function for the optimal selection of measurement location in inverse-numerical acoustic analysis (2016)

Noise reduction of industrial products has been required for dealing with noise problem and satisfying comfortable living space. To reduce noise of the products, we need to identify surface that radiates the noise, and take measure against the noise. As a method to identify sound source, inverse-numerical acoustic analysis (INA) has been proposed. INA is a method that identifies surface vibration of the sound source by using acoustic transfer functions and actual sound pressures which are measured at field points located near the sound source. In the INA, the measured sound pressures are used as the input data. For measuring sound pressures, we need to decide the arrangement of the field points, namely the number of microphones and its positions. The increase of field points leads to longer test and analysis time. Therefore, guidelines for the field point arrangement are needed to carry out the INA efficiently. In this study, we focused on the standard deviations of distance between sound source elements and field points, and proposed new evaluation function for optimal selection of the field points based on the standard deviations. The effectiveness of the new evaluation function had been verified by using plate model. As a result, we confirmed that the selection of optimal field point arrangement was achieved by using two guidelines, which are condition number and the new evaluation function we proposed.
Subwavelength pulse focusing and perfect absorption in the Maxwell fish-eye (2023)

Maxwell's fish-eye is a paradigm for an absolute optical instrument with a refractive index deduced from the stereographic projection of a sphere on a plane. We investigate experimentally the dynamics of flexural waves in a thin plate with a thickness varying according to the Maxwell fish-eye index profile and a clamped boundary. We demonstrate subwavelength focusing and temporal pulse compression at the image point. This is achieved by introducing a sink emitting a cancelling signal optimally shaped using a time-reversal procedure. Perfect absorption and outward going wave cancellation at the focus point are demonstrated. The time evolution of the kinetic energy stored inside the cavity reveals that the sink absorbs energy out of the plate ten times faster than the natural decay rate.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Carbon—Heteroatom Bond‐Forming Reactions (2011)

Abstract Review: 767 refs.
On the single-chip implementation of a Hiperlan/2 and IEEE 802.11a capable modem (2001)

Broadband wireless communication is the key technology to a new generation of products in the consumer market. The emerging standards for the 5 GHz band will form the basis for many applications requiring a high communication bandwidth. Low cost and low power dissipation will be a prerequisite for most mobile applications. One way to realize low-cost systems is to reduce the system complexity and deploy highly integrated components. The work presented in this article discusses aspects of implementing a complete Hiperlan/2 and IEEE 802.11a compliant modem, including the physical layer as well as the data link control layer, into a single chip.
Virtual Machine Resiliency Management System for the Cloud (2018)

This article presents a scalable parallel virtual machine (VM) resiliency management system for the cloud environment. It describes two complementary mechanisms for providing resiliency: automated VM restart when a physical server fails unpredictably, and automated evacuation of the VMs from a physical server that is about to fail or needs to be maintained. The solution is suitable for clouds with a large number of physical servers, VMs, disks, networking components, and management tools. This solution has been deployed in IBMs Cloud Managed Services enterprise cloud.
Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Wireless Networks (2020)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is a promising solution to build a programmable wireless environment via steering the incident signal in fully customizable ways with reconfigurable passive elements. In this paper, we consider a RIS-aided multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink communication system. Our objective is to maximize the weighted sum-rate (WSR) of all users by joint designing the beamforming at the access point (AP) and the phase vector of the RIS elements, while both the perfect channel state information (CSI) setup and the imperfect CSI setup are investigated. For perfect CSI setup, a low-complexity algorithm is proposed to obtain the stationary solution for the joint design problem by utilizing the fractional programming technique. Then, we resort to the stochastic successive convex approximation technique and extend the proposed algorithm to the scenario wherein the CSI is imperfect. The validity of the proposed methods is confirmed by numerical results. In particular, the proposed algorithm performs quite well when the channel uncertainty is smaller than 10%.