gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avalanche transistor selection for long-term stability in streak camera sweep and pulser applications (1991)

We have identified the Motorola 2N4014 and 2N5551 and the Raytheon R53944 as three transistor types that exhibit avalanche characteristics and have long term collector breakdown voltage stability superior to other transistors tested. Stability on all types has been improved by power burnin. An automatic avalanche transistor burnin tester has been constructed to allow power burnin of up to 1008 transistors at a time. The tester is controlled by an IBM Personal Computer (PC) and can be programmed to acquire data, unattended, at any desired rate or period. Data are collected from each run and stored on a floppy disk in ASCII format. The data analysis software, RS/1 , was used for analysis and display. Data runs were typically 3 to 4 months long, with readings taken weekly. The transistors were biased into the avalanche or Zener region by individual current sources set to about 20% of the self-avalanche current for each type of transistor. Motorola, Zetex and National transistors were operated at 100 microamperes (pA), and the Raytheon units were operated at 20 pA. The electric field causes migration of material in the high field region at the surface near the collector-base junction, creating the voltage instability.
Tailored SMASH image reconstructions for robust in vivo parallel MR imaging (2000)

The simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH) imaging technique uses spatial information from an array of RF coils to substitute for omitted encoding gradient steps and thereby to accelerate MR image acquisition. Since SMASH image reconstructions rely on the accurate generation of sinusoidally varying composite sensitivity functions to emulate the spatial modulations produced by gradients, the technique was originally believed to be limited to certain image planes or coil array configurations which were particularly suited to the generation of spatial harmonics. Several key improvements to the SMASH reconstruction procedure are described, taking advantage of various degrees of freedom in the spatial harmonic fit. The use of tailored fitting procedures, in combination with a numerical conditioning approach based on new observations about noise propagation in the fit, are shown to allow high-quality SMASH image reconstructions in oblique and double-oblique image planes, both in phantoms and in high-resolution cardiac MR images. Magn Reson Med 44:243–251, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ticagrelor reduces neutrophil recruitment and lung damage in abdominal sepsis (2013)

Abstract Platelets play an important role in abdominal sepsis and P2Y12 receptor antagonists have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we assessed the impact of platelet inhibition with the P2Y12 receptor antagonist ticagrelor on pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and tissue damage in a model of abdominal sepsis. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Animals were treated with ticagrelor (100 mg/kg) or vehicle prior to CLP induction. Edema formation and bronchoalveolar neutrophils as well as lung damage were quantified. Flow cytometry was used to determine expression of platelet-neutrophil aggregates, neutrophil activation and CD40L expression on platelets. CLP-induced pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils at 24 hours was reduced by 50% in ticagrelor-treated animals. Moreover, ticagrelor abolished CLP-provoked lung edema and decreased lung damage score by 41%. Notably, ticagrelor completely inhibited formation of platelet-neutrophil aggregates and markedly reduced thrombocytopenia in CLP animals. In addition, ticagrelor reduced platelet shedding of CD40L in septic mice. Our data indicate that ticagrelor can reduce CLP-induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and lung damage suggesting a potential role for platelet antagonists, such as ticagrelor, in the management of patients with abdominal sepsis.
Highly Elastic Polyrotaxane Binders for Mechanically Stable Lithium Hosts in Lithium‐Metal Batteries (2019)

Despite their unparalleled theoretical capacity, lithium-metal anodes suffer from well-known indiscriminate dendrite growth and parasitic surface reactions. Conductive scaffolds with lithium uptake capacity are recently highlighted as promising lithium hosts, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an ideal candidate for this purpose because of their capability of percolating a conductive network. However, CNT networks are prone to rupture easily due to a large tensile stress generated during lithium uptake-release cycles. Herein, CNT networks integrated with a polyrotaxane-incorporated poly(acrylic acid) (PRPAA) binder via supramolecular interactions are reported, in which the ring-sliding motion of the polyrotaxanes endows extraordinary stretchability and elasticity to the entire binder network. In comparison to a control sample with inelastic binder (i.e., poly(vinyl alcohol)), the CNT network with PRPAA binder can endure a large stress during repeated lithium uptake-release cycles, thereby enhancing the mechanical integrity of the corresponding electrode over battery cycling. As a result, the PRPAA-incorporated CNT network exhibits substantially improved cyclability in lithium-copper asymmetric cells and full cells paired with olivine-LiFePO<sub>4</sub> , indicating that high elasticity enabled by mechanically interlocked molecules such as polyrotaxanes can be a useful concept in advancing lithium-metal batteries.
Endoscope-Assisted Resection of a Frontotemporal Dermoid Cyst: 2-Dimensional Operative Video (2022)

Orenday-Barraza, José Manuel MD*,‡; Cavagnaro, María José MD*,‡; Jabre, Roland MD*,‡; Nakaji, Peter MD*,‡; Lee, Michaela MD*,‡ Author Information
Web Spam Detection by Exploring Densely Connected Subgraphs (2011)

In this paper, we present a Web spam detection algorithm that relies on link analysis. The method consists of three steps: (1) decomposition of web graphs in densely connected sub graphs and calculation of the features for each sub graph, (2) use of SVM classifiers to identify sub graphs composed of Web spam, and (3) propagation of predictions over web graphs by a biased Page Rank algorithm to expand the scope of identification. We performed experiments on a public benchmark. An empirical study of the core structure of web graphs suggests that highly ranked non-spam hosts can be identified by viewing the coreness of the web graph elements.
Processing and characterization of PETI composites fabricated by high temperature VARTM (2011)

The use of composites as primary structures on aerospace vehicles has increased dramatically over the past decade. As these advanced structures increase in size and complexity, their production costs have grown significantly. A major contributor to these manufacturing costs is the requirement of elevated processing pressures, during the thermal cure, to create fully consolidated composites. For certain composite parts, high temperature vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (HT-VARTM) can offer reduced fabrication costs compared to conventional autoclave techniques. The process has been successfully used with phenylethynyl terminated imide (PETI) resins developed by NASA LaRC. In the current study, two PETI resins, LARC(TradeMark) PETI-330 and LARC(TradeMark) PETI-8 have been used to make test specimens using HT-VARTM. Based on previous work at NASA LaRC, larger panels with a quasi-isotropic lay-up were fabricated. The resultant composite specimens exhibited void contents <3% by volume depending on the type of carbon fabric preform used. Mechanical properties of the panels were determined at both room and elevated temperatures. These included open-hole compressive (OHC) and short beam shear (SBS) properties. Limited process modeling efforts were carried out including infusion times, composite panel size limitations and fabric permeability characterization. Work has also been carried out to develop new PETI based resins specifically geared towards HT-VARTM. The results of this work are presented herein.
Observation of optomechanical buckling transitions (2017)

Correlated phases of matter provide long-term stability for systems as diverse as solids, magnets and potential exotic quantum materials. Mechanical systems, such as buckling transition spring switches, can have engineered, stable configurations whose dependence on a control variable is reminiscent of non-equilibrium phase transitions. In hybrid optomechanical systems, light and matter are strongly coupled, allowing engineering of rapid changes in the force landscape, storing and processing information, and ultimately probing and controlling behaviour at the quantum level. Here we report the observation of first- and second-order buckling transitions between stable mechanical states in an optomechanical system, in which full control of the nature of the transition is obtained by means of the laser power and detuning. The underlying multiwell confining potential we create is highly tunable, with a sub-nanometre distance between potential wells. Our results enable new applications in photonics and information technology, and may enable explorations of quantum phase transitions and macroscopic quantum tunnelling in mechanical systems.
Bactericidal properties of a new water disinfectant (1985)

The N-chloramine compound 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (agent I) has been compared with calcium hypochlorite as to its efficacy as a bactericide for the treatment of water. The study included concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, and water quality as controlled variables. The species of bacteria tested were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella boydii. In general, for highly pure, demand-free water, calcium hypochlorite was the more rapid disinfectant at a given total chlorine concentration, although for water containing a controlled amount of organic load, agent I was the better disinfectant. The differences in efficacy of each of the two disinfectants can be attributed primarily to their different stabilities in water at various controlled conditions.
Floating point division and square root algorithms and implementation in the AMD-K7/sup TM/ microprocessor (2003)

This paper presents the AMD-K7 IEEE 754 and /spl times/87 compliant floating point division and square root algorithms and implementation. The AMD-K7 processor employs an iterative implementation of a series expansion to converge quadratically to the quotient and square root. Highly accurate initial approximations and a high performance shared floating point multiplier assist in achieving low division and square root latencies at high operating frequencies. A novel time-sharing technique allows independent floating point multiplication operations to proceed while division or square root computation is in progress. Exact IEEE 754 rounding for all rounding modes and target precisions has been verified by conventional directed and random testing procedures, along with the formulation of a mechanically-checked formal proof using the ACL2 theorem prover.
Safety Assessments for Wearable Robot Suits (2013)

A cyborg-type (or exoskeleton-type) robot suit is a wearable device that combines the human intelligence and the machine power so that it could enhance the intelligence of the machine and the power of the human operator. It could be worn over the arms and legs and assists body movement through electric motors attached to shoulders, elbows, knees, and the waist. It could be used in medical rehabilitation or to help people who suffered a stroke or spinal cord injury. It also could be used for people doing physically demanding work in factories or at disaster sites, even entertainment. This paper describes the basic technologies and concepts of wearable robot suits. It is followed by an overview of safety concerns and appropriate method to prevent the faults.
A Standardized Method for Vertical Elutriator Cotton Dust Sampling (1982)

Specific equipment and techniques used by The Hanes Group for vertical elutriator cotton dust sampling are discussed. Some accessories were developed for convenience, but the approach to site selection, filter handling, orifice calibration, and training of sampling personnel were important in obtaining vertical elutriator data with coefficients of variation less than 10%. One new sampling method was investigated also, and plant data showed that it was equivalent to the vertical elutriator method. The alternative instrument used was a Portable Continuous Aerosol Monitor (PCAM) manufactured by ppm, Inc., and dust concentrations measured with the PCAM were 5-15% lower than values obtained with standard vertical elutriators. Calculations and examples for TWA exposures, equivalency tests, and vertical elutriator coefficients of variation are included.
The significance of heparin-coated veno-venous bypass circuits in liver transplantation (2002)

We studied the effects of veno-venous bypass (VVBP) circuit surface heparinization on the activation of the plasma defence systems (coagulation, fibrinolysis, kallikrein-kinin and complement) and leukocyte activation in a prospective randomized study in 20 patients during and 1 day after liver transplantation (OLT). To our knowledge, this is the first study of this kind where the possible benefits of surface heparinization of the VVBP circuit in OLT have been investigated. Twenty patients were randomized to either heparin-coated (HC) VVBP equipment or to otherwise identical noncoated (NC) circuits. Five blood samples were drawn during the OLT procedure: one just before VVBP, three during VVBP and one 5 min after portal venous reperfusion (PVR). A further sample was taken 1 day after the operation. Components of the blood coagulation, fibrinolytic and kallikrein-kinin systems were analysed using functional assays (chromogenic peptide substrate assays) or enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Complement system factors and granulocyte activation, represented by myeloperoxidase (MPO) release, were analyzed by EIA. Activation of the plasma defence systems occurred in both groups at an early stage during OLT and a further activation occurred 5 min after PVR. MPO levels were slightly elevated 5 min after PVR. However, no significant differences between the two groups were observed. Significant activation of the humoral defense systems was found in both groups during OLT. A considerably larger study, including at least 330 patients, is necessary to fully assess the possible benefits of surface heparinization of the VVBP circuit.
Active AC/DC control for wideband piezoelectric energy harvesting (2016)

International audience
Adv. Simulation for Additive Manufacturing: 11/2014 Wkshp. Report for U.S. DOE/EERE/AMO (2015)

The overarching question for the workshop was as following: How do we best utilize advanced modeling and high-performance computing (HPC) to address key challenges and opportunities in order to realize the full potential of additive manufacturing; and what are the key challenges of additive manufacturing to which modeling and simulation can contribute solutions, and what will it take to meet these challenges?
Exposure to cocaine regulates inhibitory synaptic transmission from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (2013)

Key points Synaptic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) make up the backbone of the brain reward pathway; in addition to the well‐known modulatory dopaminergic projection, the VTA also provides fast excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input to the NAc, but the cellular nature of VTA‐to‐NAc fast synaptic transmission and its roles in drug‐induced adaptations are not well understood. Using optogenetic approaches, the present study profiled fast excitatory synaptic projection from dopaminergic neurons and inhibitory synaptic projection from GABAergic neurons in the VTA to NAc core (NAcCo) medium spiny neurons. We further identified that, following repeated non‐contingent exposure to cocaine, VTA‐to‐NAcCo inhibitory synaptic transmission appears to be enhanced by an increase in the presynaptic release probability. No postsynaptic alterations were detected at either excitatory or inhibitory synapses within the VTA‐to‐NAcCo projection. Abstract Synaptic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) make up the backbone of the brain reward pathway, a neural circuit that mediates behavioural responses elicited by natural rewards as well as by cocaine and other drugs of abuse. In addition to the well‐known modulatory dopaminergic projection, the VTA also provides fast excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input to the NAc, directly regulating NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs). However, the cellular nature of VTA‐to‐NAc fast synaptic transmission and its roles in drug‐induced adaptations are not well understood. Using viral‐mediated in vivo expression of channelrhodopsin 2, the present study dissected fast excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission from the VTA to NAc MSNs in rats. Our results suggest that, following repeated exposure to cocaine (15 mg kg −1 day −1 × 5 days, i.p. , 1 or 21 day withdrawal), a presynaptic enhancement of excitatory transmission and suppression of inhibitory transmission occurred at different withdrawal time points at VTA‐to‐NAc core synapses. In contrast, no postsynaptic alterations were detected at either type of synapse. These results suggest that changes in VTA‐to‐NAc fast excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions may contribute to cocaine‐induced alteration of the brain reward circuitry.
EIT in Microcavities: Towards Ultra-Low Power Optical Nonlinearities (2005)

With our detailed theoretical studies, we show how inserting materials that support electro-magnetically induced transparency into microcavities enables design of microcavities with extraordinarily long lifetimes, and enables all-optical signal processing at single photon energy levels.
Power-bandwidth tradeoff in multiuser relay channels with opportunistic scheduling (2008)

The goal of this paper is to understand the key merits of multihop relaying techniques jointly in terms of their energy efficiency and spectral efficiency advantages in the presence of multiuser diversity gains from opportunistic (i.e., channel-aware) scheduling and identify the regimes and conditions in which relay-assisted multiuser communication provides a clear advantage over direct multiuser communication. For this purpose, we use Shannon-theoretic tools to analyze the tradeoff between energy efficiency and spectral efficiency (known as the power-bandwidth tradeoff) over a fading multiuser relay channel with K users in the asymptotic regime of large (but finite) number of users (i.e., dense network). Benefiting from the extreme-value theoretic results of [1], we characterize the power-bandwidth tradeoff and the associated energy and spectral efficiency measures of the bandwidth-limited high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and power-limited low SNR regimes, and utilize them in investigating the large system behavior of the multiuser relay channel as a function of the number of users and physical channel SNRs. Our analysis results in very accurate closed-form formulas in the large (but finite) K regime that quantify energy and spectral efficiency performance, and provides insights on the impact of multihop relaying and multiuser diversity techniques on the power-bandwidth tradeoff.
Full‐Color Reflective Filters in a Large Area with a Wide‐Band Tunable Absorber Deposited by One‐Step Magnetron Sputtering (2019)

Abstract Full‐color reflective filters for large area applications with potentially unprecedented color saturation and excellent mechanical properties deposited by one‐step magnetron sputtering are proposed. Conventional reflective color filters with multiple layers of dielectric films cannot simultaneously produce a large area and good mechanical properties due to the complex multiple depositions and the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients among the material layers. Herein, full‐spectrum colors are generated by novel Mg‐based reflective color filters in a large area of 2 cm × 2 cm with a high hardness of 9.12 GPa, where the filters include an absorber layer with controllable optical constants and a reflective layer with an amorphous structure. The saturation and hue of the produced colors can be controlled by tuning the optical constants and the thickness of the absorber layer. Additionally, the hardness of the Mg‐based reflective color filters is increased by the reflective metallic glass layers because they are derived from the same material as the absorber layer. This paradigm can pave the way for the efficient fabrication of large area color filtering devices for diverse applications, such as surface decorations, optical components, color display devices, structural color printing, and photovoltaic cells with optimum efficiency.
Marshall Warren Nirenberg (1927–2010) (2010)

Passion and curiosity spurred a soft-spoken biologist to lead the fierce race to crack the code of life.
Resist component leaching in 193-nm immersion lithography (2005)

The leaching of ionic PAGs from model resist films into a static water volume is shown to follow first order kinetics. From the saturation concentration and the leaching time constant, the leaching rate at time zero is obtained which is a highly relevant parameter for evaluating lens contamination potential. The levels of leaching seen in the model resists generally exceed both static and rate-based dynamic leaching specifications. The dependence of leaching on anion structure shows that more hydrophobic anions have lower saturation concentration; however, the time constant of leaching increases with anion chain length. Thus in our model system, the initial leaching rates of nonaflate and PFOS anions are identical. Investigation of a water pre-rinse process unexpectedly showed that some PAG can still be leached from the surface although the pre-rinse times greatly exceeded the times required for saturation of the leaching phenomenon, which are expected to correspond to complete depletion of leachable PAG from the surface. A model is proposed to explain this phenomenon through re-organization of the surface as the surface energy changes during the air/water/air contact sequence of the pre-rinse process.
Redox shuttles for high voltage cathodes (2023)

A compound has general Formula I, II, III, or IV: ##STR00001## where X and Y are independently a group of Formula (A): ##STR00002## and Z a group of Formula (B): ##STR00003## The compounds may be used in electrolytes and electrochemical devices.
Investigation of misfit dislocation leakage in supercritical strained silicon MOSFETs (2004)

This paper investigates off-state current leakage in strained silicon NMOSFETs built on supercritical thickness strained silicon films. it describes a simple conceptual model for the off-state leakage: the leakage is caused by enhanced dopant diffusion near misfit dislocations. This paper studies the validity of this hypothesis using both DC IV measurements and photon emission microscopy measurements of NMOSFETs with several different supercritical strained silicon thickness values. It shows that the emission measurements of the off-state leakage and the gate length dependence of the off-state leakage can both be easily explained by the leakage model. It also demonstrates that the response to an applied gate or back-bias voltage of the IV characteristics and the light emission data can be understood within the context of the proposed conceptual model.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective CuH‐Catalyzed Hydroallylation of Vinylarenes. (2016)

Abstract An intermolecular, enantioselective hydroallylation of vinylarenes is developed.