gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switching characteristics of 3 kV 4H-SiC GTO thyristors (2002)

Devices based on SiC have been demonstrated with increasingly larger blocking voltage and higher current handling capability over the last several years. GTO thyristors based on this material have been pursued and devices with blocking voltages of 700-1100 V have recently been demonstrated (Palmour et al., 1996; Agarwal et al., 1997; Fedison et al., 1999). We report on the switching characteristics of 3 kV 4H-SiC GTO thyristors having high current capability, fast turn-off, and large turn-off gain. These GTOs have the highest current handling capability, highest blocking voltage, and highest turn-off gain for a single SiC device reported so far. The very fast switching response of these devices enables high-frequency operation and minimal switching power loss.
A Digital LDO in 22-nm CMOS With a 4-b Self-Triggered Binary Search Windowed Flash ADC Featuring Analog Layout Generator Framework (2023)

This paper presents an analog layout generator based DLDO with a self-triggered binary search windowed flash ADC in 22nm CMOS. A self-triggered binary search mechanism with a delay-based architecture is proposed to reduce the exponentially growing kickback noise and energy consumption of a traditional flash ADC down to the level of a SAR ADC while maintaining its high-speed feature. To conquer the complexity bottleneck of SoC development in FinFET technology, a practical analog layout generation framework is proposed to maximize the productivity of implementing analog circuit blocks in scaled CMOS process. To meet the performance, area and reliability specifications across a variety of circuits, the methodology allows varying levels of constraints from designers, thus significantly improving the physical design time & effort up to 60× compared with conventional manual approach. The DLDO features 3.55ps FoM and fully automatic generation.
Palladium-Catalyzed Animation of 6-Chloropurine. Synthesis of N6-Substituted Adenosine Analogues (1999)

Abstract Room-temperature treatment of persilylated 6-chloro-9-β-D-ribofuranosyl-purine with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic amines, in the presence of Pd2(dba)3, BINAP and base, leads to N6-substituted adenosine analogues in fair to good yields. Coupling of chloropurine with a chiral aziridinyl diester is applied in the synthesis of a potential adenylosuccinate lyase inhibitor.
Determinants of haemodialyser performance and the potential effect on clinical outcome (2001)

The performance of a dialyser is determined by several factors. Many of these factors relate to the dialyser membrane, including mean pore size, pore size distribution, wall thickness, surface area, and adsorptivity. In this article, several of these factors are reviewed. The potential impact of these factors on the clinical outcome of chronic haemodialysis patients is also discussed.
New Approaches to Characterization and Recognition of Faces (2011)

As a baby, one of our earliest stimuli is that of human faces. We rapidly learn to identify, characterize and eventually distinguish those who are near and dear to us. We accept face recognition later as an everyday ability. We realize the complexity of the underlying problem only when we attempt to duplicate this skill in a computer vision system. This book is arranged around a number of clustered themes covering different aspects of face recognition. The first section presents an architecture for face recognition based on Hidden Markov Models; it is followed by an article on coding methods. The next section is devoted to 3D methods of face recognition and is followed by a section covering various aspects and techniques in video. Next short section is devoted to the characterization and detection of features in faces. Finally, you can find an article on the human perception of faces and how different neurological or psychological disorders can affect this.
Inversion time calculations have varying impact on short, intermediate and long MOLLI T1 values: implications for studies using T1-mapping sequences (2015)

Background T1-mapping has great diagnostic potential based on tight normal ranges and excellent sensitivity to disease. Numerically, T1 calculation hinges on the inversion time (TI) from the inversion preparation to the centre of k-space for each T1-weighted image. In the original ShMOLLI sequence (Piechnik JCMR 2010, 12:69) based on “Work In Progress” WIP561 MOLLI, the TI calculation was offset from centre of k-space by two SSFP echo spacings, and included ~10ms duration of the adiabatic inversion pulse itself. The impact on T1 values resulting from rectifying this since WIP448B and WIP780 warrants investigation to assure an accurate clinical interpretation of previously published normal ranges of MOLLI T1 values.
New ligand design to promote water compatibility of luminescent quantum dots and gold nanoparticles (2008)

We report the design and synthesis of new bidentate ligands to promote biocompatibility of luminescent quantum dots (QDs) and gold nanoparticle (Au-NPs) alike. The ligands use commercially available methoxy-terminated hydroxypoly( ethylene glycol) (HO-PEG-OCH3) and thioctic acid (TA) coupled via a stable amide bond to make TA-PEG-OCH3 ligands. Following a simple transformation of the hydroxyl group into an amine group on the methoxy-PEG, the ligand was attached to thioctic acid via DCC coupling. The use of mono-hydroxy-terminated PEG simplifies the reaction and purification steps. Following ring opening of the TA to form DHLA-PEG-OCH3, cap exchange on CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs provided homogeneous stable dispersions in buffer solutions. Furthermore, using either the newly designed ligand pure, or mixed with amine-functionalized ligands (DHLA-PEG-NH2) allowed tuning of the surface functionalities of the nanoparticles. Gel electrophoresis, absorption and fluorescence experiments confirmed cap exchange, while microinjection in live cells provided additional verification of the potential utility of these hydrophilic QDs in biology. These ligands were also applied to functionalize Au-NPs, with a substantial improvement of their stability under high salt conditions compared to citrate-functionalized dispersions.
Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitors as Maintenance Therapy of Glioblastoma After Ceramide-Induced Response. (2016)

Ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are sphingolipid metabolites with important signaling functions. Ceramides promote apoptosis, whereas S1P favors proliferation, angiogenesis and cell survival. The balance between these opposing signaling functions is referred to as the sphingolipid rheostat. A shift in this balance toward S1P is seen in glioblastoma (GBM) and other cancers, and results in tumor cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy. Sphingosine kinase (SK), the enzyme responsible for transforming sphingosine into S1P, plays the critical role in modulating the balance between S1P and ceramides. Chemotherapeutic agents or radiation therapy may induce short-term responses in GBM patients by increasing ceramide levels. However, we believe that the enzyme SK may cause the increased ceramide to be metabolized to S1P, restoring the abnormally high S1P to ceramide balance, and that this may be part of the reason for the near-100% recurrence rate of GBM. The use of maintenance therapy with an SK inhibitor, in patients with GBM who have tumor reduction or stable disease after therapy, should be investigated.
Sequencing the Cortical Processing of Pitch-Evoking Stimuli using EEG Analysis and Source Estimation (2012)

Cues to pitch include spectral cues that arise from tonotopic organization and temporal cues that arise from firing patterns of auditory neurons. fMRI studies suggest a common pitch center is located just beyond primary auditory cortex along the lateral aspect of Heschl's gyrus, but little work has examined the stages of processing for the integration of pitch cues. Using electroencephalography, we recorded cortical responses to high-pass filtered iterated rippled noise (IRN) and high-pass filtered complex harmonic stimuli, which differ in temporal and spectral content. The two stimulus types were matched for pitch saliency, and a mismatch negativity (MMN) response was elicited by infrequent pitch changes. The P1 and N1 components of event-related potentials (ERPs) are thought to arise from primary and secondary auditory areas, respectively, and to result from simple feature extraction. MMN is generated in secondary auditory cortex and is thought to act on feature-integrated auditory objects. We found that peak latencies of both P1 and N1 occur later in response to IRN stimuli than to complex harmonic stimuli, but found no latency differences between stimulus types for MMN. The location of each ERP component was estimated based on iterative fitting of regional sources in the auditory cortices. The sources of both the P1 and N1 components elicited by IRN stimuli were located dorsal to those elicited by complex harmonic stimuli, whereas no differences were observed for MMN sources across stimuli. Furthermore, the MMN component was located between the P1 and N1 components, consistent with fMRI studies indicating a common pitch region in lateral Heschl's gyrus. These results suggest that while the spectral and temporal processing of different pitch-evoking stimuli involves different cortical areas during early processing, by the time the object-related MMN response is formed, these cues have been integrated into a common representation of pitch.
Extinction-ratio and chirp tunable LiNbO<inf>3</inf> single-drive modulator for precise amplitude modulation (2014)

We propose an extinction-ratio and chirp tunable modulator in single-drive operation. Using the modulator, we demonstrated precise amplitude modulation without parasitic phase modulation. Extinction-ratio was larger than 52.2 dB, with low chirp (<;|0.007|) operation.
Comparison of accuracy of 14‐, 18‐ and 20‐G needles in ex‐vivo renal mass biopsy: a prospective, blinded study (2009)

In this study a minimum of an 18-G biopsy needle was the most accurate in determining the histological diagnosis. Clear cell and papillary RCCs were accurately diagnosed on biopsy using an 18-G, whereas oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC were difficult to differentiate using standard H&E techniques and immunohistochemistry.
Resection of Pulmonary Metastases - Results, Prognostic Factors, Reappraisal of Selection Criteria (1986)

Results of resection of solitary pulmonary metastases are good. In 107 patients treated in Amsterdam with a minimal follow-up of 2 years the actuarial 5-year survival rate is 46% and the 10-year survival 32%. Widening of selection criteria seems warranted. The prognostic factors are number and size of the metastases and tumor doubling time. The time interval between treatment of the primary tumor and the metastasectomy did not influence prognosis. The primary/secondary interval should not be used as a selection criterium.
Channel Characteristics and User Body Effects in an Outdoor Urban Scenario at 15 and 28 GHz (2017)

The effect of a user's body on channel characteristics for single user downlink transmission in an urban scenario for the fifth generation (5G) systems is investigated with ray-tracing at 15 and 28 GHz. Three different designs of user equipment (UE) antennas are fabricated and integrated into a mobile phone prototype, and their 3-D radiation patterns are measured both with and without a user. The user remains in Cellular Telephone Industries Association (CTIA) standard data mode and talk mode during measurements. The results show that the user's body will cause a strong shadowing loss and generate a large fluctuation on the received signal strength of the UE at both 15 and 28 GHz, which is crucial to channel modeling studies at frequencies above 6 GHz. In addition, the user's body effect on a linear array system in an UE is presented, and the main challenges for the future work are also addressed.
β‐cyclodextrin in personal care formulations: role on the complexation of malodours causing molecules (2015)

From these findings, it is possible to conclude that β-CD is capable to interact with different components present in the sweat and body secretion, forming inclusion complexes. For this reason, β-CD could be a component of body care formulations, such as deodorants.
Formation of Virus-like Clusters Is an Intrinsic Property of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Member BAFF (B Cell Activating Factor) (2006)

The oligomeric state of BAFF (B cell activing factor), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family cytokine that plays a critical role in B cell development and survival, has been the subject of recent debate. Myc-tagged BAFF starting at residue Gln136 was previously reported to crystallize as trimers at pH 4.5, whereas a histidine-tagged construct of BAFF, starting at residue Ala134, formed a virus-like cluster containing 60 monomers when crystallized at pH 9.0. The formation of the BAFF 60-mer was pH dependent, requiring pH >or= 7.0. More recently, 60-mer formation was suggested to be artificially induced by the histidine tag, and it was proposed that BAFF, like all other TNF family members, is trimeric. We report here that a construct of BAFF with no amino-terminal tag (Ala134-BAFF) can form a 60-mer in solution. Using size exclusion chromatography and static light scattering to monitor trimer to 60-mer ratios in BAFF preparations, we find that 60-mer formation is pH-dependent and requires histidine 218 within the DE loop of BAFF. Biacore measurements established that the affinity of Ala134-BAFF for the BAFF receptor BAFFR/BR3 is similar to that of myc-Gln136-BAFF, which is exclusively trimeric in solution. However, Ala134-BAFF is more efficacious than myc-Gln136-BAFF in inducing B cell proliferation in vitro. We additionally show that BAFF that is processed and secreted by 293T cells transfected with full-length BAFF, or by a histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U937) that expresses BAFF endogenously, forms a pH-dependent 60-mer in solution. Our results indicate that the formation of the 60-mer in solution by the BAFF extracellular domain is an intrinsic property of the protein, and therefore that this more active form of BAFF may be physiologically relevant.
Effects of biologically produced surfactants on the mobility and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (1992)

ABSTRACT: A laboratory investigation was conducted to determine the effects of biologically produced surfactants (biosurfactants) on the solubility and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Biosurfactants have been found to be produced by microorganisms during growth on insoluble organic substrates for the purpose of increasing substrate solubility so as to promote biological degradation. In this study, biosurfactants were produced by microorganisms during growth on two substrate groups, gasoline and a mixture of glucose with vegetable oil. Solubilization and biodegradation of selected gasoline compounds in the presence of biosurfactants were measured in both static batch and flow through column systems. Biosurfactants produced and used in this study acted similarly to commercial surfactants by increasing the solubility of gasoline compounds. Biosurfactants produced from growth on glucose and vegetable oil were effective at increasing the solubility of gasoline compounds but they inhibited biological degradation of these same compounds. Biosurfactants produced by microorganisms from growth on gasoline were also effective at increasing solubility but did not inhibit biodegradation. Laboratory column studies indicated that the effectiveness of biosurfactants for soil or groundwater remediation could be limited by the adsorption of the biosurfactant to soil.
Spin-Torque Oscillator Based on Magnetic Tunnel Junction with a Perpendicularly Magnetized Free Layer and In-Plane Magnetized Polarizer (2013)

We fabricated a spin-torque oscillator (STO) having a nanopillar-shaped magnetic tunnel junction with perpendicularly magnetized FeB free and in-plane magnetized CoFeB reference layers. The perpendicular magnetization of the FeB was stabilized by strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy induced at both the MgO tunnel barrier/FeB and FeB/MgO cap interfaces. Under a perpendicular field (3 kOe), the STO exhibited a large emission power (0.55 µW), a high frequency (6.3 GHz) and a high Q factor (135) simultaneously, all of which are the largest to date among nanopillar-shaped STOs. The bias voltage dependence of the oscillation property was well explained by the macrospin model.
Contact Angles for Liquid Drops at a Model Heterogeneous Surface Consisting of Alternating and Parallel Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Strips (1996)

Model heterogeneous surfaces consisting of alternating and parallel 2.55 μm hydrophobic and 2.45 μm hydrophilic strips were prepared on a gold film by patterning self-assembled monolayers of hexadecanethiol and mercaptohexadecanoic acid using an elastomer stamp. The advancing and receding contact angles were measured for liquid drops (distilled water, buffer solutions with pH = 8.0, 10.0, and 11.0, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and formamide) placed on this specially prepared surface. Contortion of the three-phase contact line is a significant property of these systems. Both contact angles, advancing and receding, were 2−10° lower when measured with the strips normal to the three-phase contact line than those measured with the strips tangential to the three-phase contact line. For most of the systems examined, experimental contact angles, when measured for the liquid drop edge situated along the strips of the model heterogeneous surface (noncontorted three-phase contact line), were in an agreement with theoretical values calculated from the Cassie equation. Also, for most of the systems examined, there was an agreement of experimental contact angles, as measured for the liquid drop edge located normal to the strips (i.e., when the three-phase contact line was contorted), with theory calculated from the modified Cassie equation, including the line-tension term. Only in selected cases could the theory as expressed by the Cassie equation or the modified Cassie equation not predict the experimental contact angles. These were the systems in which the liquid phase interacted strongly with COOH groups of the self-assembled monolayer and completely spread over this hydrophilic portion of the surface.
Introducing NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics (NIPT), the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology (SNIP) (2022)

Article Introducing NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics (NIPT), the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology (SNIP) was published on August 25, 2022 in the journal NeuroImmune Pharmacology and Therapeutics (volume 0, issue 0).
Small-angle neutron scattering studies of the conformation of myeloma protein MOPC315 and its Fab fragment, and the interaction with a monovalent dinitrophenyl hapten. (1981)

International audience
Polyethylene Building Blocks by Catalyzed Chain Growth and Efficient End Functionalization Strategies, Including Click Chemistry (2008)

Dem Polymer ein Ende gesetzt: Polyethylenketten, die durch katalysiertes Kettenwachstum an Magnesium erhalten wurden und Molekulargewichte bis 5000 g mol−1 aufweisen, wurden in hohen Ausbeuten mit Iodid-, Azid- und Amin-Endgruppen versehen (siehe Schema). Die azidfunktionalisierten Polymerketten können beispielsweise durch Klick-Reaktionen in Makromonomere überführt werden. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reactions of 3,5‐Dichloro‐1,2,4‐thiadiazole. (2013)

Abstract A ready access to two types of 3,5‐diarylthiadiazoles is achieved.
The study of sensor structure to sense a surface information for intelligent tactile sensor (2018)

A study of the human sense of touch has attracted much interest for a long time. Various kinds of sensors have been studied with various technologies for the sensing of external stimuli. Tactile sensors using capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric and pyroelectric mechanism have been suggested to sense pressure, vibration and temperature. Unfortunately, it is rare to find a studying results of tactile sensor related with a surface information detection in comparison with pressure and temperature sensing. The ability to sense a surface information is the important factor to distinguish surface feelings such as roughness and smoothness. In this paper, a sensor array using piezoelectricity is demonstrated with a sliding motion to sense surface information such as the pitch and width of surface features. The suggested sensor array has a high spatial resolution(500um) and detected the variable sliding speeds thanks to the excellent dynamic response of the piezoelectric material. The reconfigured surface information had high accuracy compared to actual one. The demonstrated sliding speed sensing, high spatial resolution and the pitch and width of surface features measurement capabilities allow the sensor to be utilized as an intelligent artificial tactile sensor.
Dual Coding Concatenation for Burst-Error Correction in Probabilistic Amplitude Shaping (2022)

We propose the use of dual coding concatenation for mitigation of post-shaping burst errors in probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) architectures. The proposed dual coding concatenation for PAS is a hybrid integration of conventional reverse concatenation and forward concatenation, i.e., post-shaping forward error correction (FEC) layer and pre-shaping FEC layer, respectively. A low-complexity architecture based on parallel Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) codes is introduced for the pre-shaping FEC layer. Proposed dual coding concatenation can relax bit error rate (BER) requirement after post-shaping soft-decision (SD) FEC codes by an order of magnitude, resulting in a gain of up to 0.25 dB depending on the complexity of post-shaping FEC. Also, combined shaping and coding performance was analyzed based on sphere shaping and the impact of shaping length on coding performance was demonstrated.
A Novel Phase of Organic Conductors: Conducting Polymer Solutions (1984)

Arsenic trifluoride has been shown to be an active participant in the doping of poly(paraphenylene sulfide) to the electrically conducting state with AsF5. When introduced in the vapor phase, arsenic trifluoride greatly increases both the doping rate and the homogeneity of dopant dispersion throughout the polymer sample. As a liquid, it serves the role of solvent in providing the first example of a conducting polymer solution. These solutions can be cast into films with properties that excel those of polymers doped by conventional gas/solid techniques. Improved mechanical behavior, homogeneous distribution of dopant, and higher conductivities characterize the electrically conductive materials that result from this process. This discovery of a conducting polymer solution has made available a new liquid phase of these novel materials, as well as a means of processing them into useful designs.