gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Filter for MIMO Repeaters with First-Hop Channel State Information and End-to-End SNR (2009)

A repeater is a device that improves the rate-coverage performance of a system by amplifying and forwarding its received signal. When multiple antennas are deployed on a repeater, spatial signal processing becomes possible for better performance. In this paper we propose a spatial filter for such a multi-antenna repeater. This filter is designed based on first-hop channel state information (CSI) and end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The optimal filter matrix is proved to be a product of a diagonal matrix and the conjugate transpose of the left singular matrix of the first-hop channel matrix. The diagonal matrix is obtained by maximizing an upper bound of the ergodic channel capacity. Simulation results indicate that the proposed filter outperforms that without filtering in end-to-end channel capacity, especially when the number of repeater antennas is greater than that of the source antennas. As the first-hop CSI and the end-to-end SNR can be obtained without any modification of the source or the destination, a repeater with the proposed spatial filter can be easily implemented in a current system.
Decellularization followed by PNGase F treatment efficiently removes immunogenic αGal epitopes and other N‐acetylglucosamine structures on the glycocalyx of porcine pulmonary heart valve matrices (2014)

Background Xenotransplantation leads to hyperacute or acute graft reaction due to interaction of preformed human antibodies, mainly αGal‐antibodies, with carbohydrate structures present on non‐human tissue. By removing these carbohydrate structures from porcine decellularized pulmonary heart valves (PHV), grafts might be generated that allow heart valve replacement therapy as with allogeneic PHV matrices. Methods Thus, after detergents based decellularization (0.5%SDS/0.5%Triton‐X100) cell free PHV matrices were enzymatically treated with α1‐3,6‐galactosidase or PNGase F. The potential impact on the glycocalyx was investigated by histochemical stains utilizing isolectin B4 (IL‐B4), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Datura stramonium lectin (DSL), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA I) on decellularized only, and decellularized and enzymatically treated specimens. Native PHV tissue served as controls. Results All used lectins stained native heart valve tissue. Decellularization resulted in reduced IL‐B4 and WGA staining, whereas cell removal had no effect on DSL and RCA I staining. Enzymatic PNGase F treatment resulted in a further decrease of IL‐B4 and WGA staining whereas initially not affected DSL stain was reduced as well. Enzymatic treatment with α1‐3,6‐galactosidase led to a reduction of IL‐B4 stain only. Conclusion Decellularization per se is able to reduce αGal epitopes as demonstrated by IL‐B4 staining. This reduction of αGal epitopes can be enhanced by α1‐3,6‐galactosidase digestion as expected. Enzymatic treatment with PNGase F that recognizes GlcNacβ(1‐N)Asn sites results in removal of carbohydrate structures as αGal and N ‐acetyl‐glucosamines to a high degree as demonstrated by IL‐B4, WGA, and DSL stains. In summary, detergent based decellularization followed by PNGase F treatment resembles an efficient way to remove immunogenic epitopes from porcine pulmonary heart valve matrices, thus potentially enabling the generation of xenogeneic PHV matrices for clinical application.
Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (2016)

Abstract The front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Richard A. Mathies (University of California at Berkeley, USA). The image sketches the first step in vision: the 11‐ cis to all‐ trans isomerization of retinal in the visual pigment rhodopsin, as revealed by femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cphc.201600104 .
Testosterone Therapy Can be Given to Men with No Concern that it will Promote Prostate Cancer Development or Progression (2016)

No AccessJournal of UrologyOpposing Views1 Oct 2016Testosterone Therapy Can be Given to Men with No Concern that it will Promote Prostate Cancer Development or ProgressionCon Martin E. Gleave and Laurence Klotz Martin E. GleaveMartin E. Gleave More articles by this author and Laurence KlotzLaurence Klotz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.010AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byLoughlin K (2018) Serum Testosterone Levels and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Single Post-Hoc Testosterone Measurement is Not InformativeJournal of Urology, VOL. 201, NO. 1, (40-41), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2019. Volume 196Issue 4October 2016Page: 986-988 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Martin E. Gleave More articles by this author Laurence Klotz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Cas Mediates Transcriptional Activation of the Serum Response Element by Src (1999)

The Src substrate p130(Cas) is a docking protein containing an SH3 domain, a substrate domain that contains multiple consensus SH2 binding sites, and a Src binding region. We have examined the possibility that Cas plays a role in the transcriptional activation of immediate early genes (IEGs) by v-Src. Transcriptional activation of IEGs by v-Src occurs through distinct transcriptional control elements such as the serum response element (SRE). An SRE transcriptional reporter was used to study the ability of Cas to mediate Src-induced SRE activation. Coexpression of v-Src and Cas led to a threefold increase in SRE-dependent transcription over the level induced by v-Src alone. Cas-dependent activation of the SRE was dependent on the kinase activity of v-Src and the Src binding region of Cas. Signaling to the SRE is promoted by a serine-rich region within Cas and inhibited by the Cas SH3 domain. Cas-dependent SRE activation was accompanied by an increase in the level of active Ras and in the activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Erk2; these changes were blocked by coexpression of dominant-negative mutants of the adapter protein Grb2. SRE activation was abrogated by coexpression of dominant-negative mutants of Ras, MAPK kinase (Mek1), and Grb2. Coexpression of Cas with v-Src enhanced the association of Grb2 with the adapter protein Shc and the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp-2; coexpression of Shc or Shp-2 mutants significantly reduced SRE activation by Cas and v-Src. Cas-induced Grb2 association with Shp-2 and Shc may account for the Cas-dependent activation of the Ras/Mek/Erk pathway and SRE-dependent transcription. 14-3-3 proteins may also play a role in Cas-mediated signaling to the SRE. Overexpression of Cas was found to modestly enhance epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced activation of the SRE. A Cas mutant lacking the Src binding region did not potentiate the EGF response, suggesting that Cas enhances EGF signaling by binding to endogenous cellular Src or another Src family member. These observations implicate Cas as a mediator of Src-induced transcriptional activation.
Efficacy of IMGN901 (huN901-DM1) in combination with bortezomib and lenalidomide against multiple myeloma cells in preclinical studies (2008)

2146 IMGN901 (huN901-DM1) is an antibody-maytansinoid conjugate which targets CD56 and is being evaluated as a single agent in patients with CD56-positive multiple myeloma (MM) in a Phase I clinical trial. Preclinical studies to assess the activity of IMGN901 in combination with drugs commonly used for the treatment of MM have previously demonstrated that combinations of IMGN901 with melphalan, thalidomide, and dexamethasone produced additive-to-synergistic cytotoxic effects (AACR 2007). However, the combination of IMGN901 with bortezomib was shown to be slightly antagonistic in vitro. Here we further examine combinations of IMGN901 with bortezomib and with the recently approved anti-myeloma agent, lenalidomide, using human CD56-positive MM cell lines in culture and as xenografts in mice.  To understand the nature of the in vitro interaction of IMGN901 with bortezomib, we evaluated whether bortezomib affected the rate of IMGN901 internalization, the release of the maytansinoid agent (MAY) from the conjugate within MM cells, or the ability of the MAY to kill cancer cells. While bortezomib had no effect on conjugate internalization or processing, we found that bortezomib did antagonize the cytotoxic activity of MAY similarly to its effect on conjugate. Interestingly, combinations of IMGN901 with bortezomib were found to be additive-to-synergistic against human MM xenografts in mice, suggesting that the interaction of these agents in vivo is different than observed in vitro. The difference may be related to the potential impact of bortezomib on the tumor microenvironment in vivo.  As lenalidomide is now used to treat MM, we also examined the cytotoxic activity of IMGN901 in combination with lenalidomide and found them to be synergistic in vitro against MOLP8 and NCI H929 cells. The combination of IMGN901 and lenalidomide also demonstrated additive-to-synergistic efficacy when used to treat SCID mice bearing established subcutaneous human MM xenograft tumors.  Our preclinical results provide strong rationale for the clinical evaluation of IMGN901 in combination with the commonly used anti-neoplastic agents melphalan, thalidomide, dexamethasone, bortezomib or lenalidomide for the treatment of patients with CD56-positive multiple myeloma.
Dimensional characteristics of uncomplicated autopsy-retrieved acetabular polyethylene liners by ultrasound (1998)

A new, in vitro ultrasound-based method to measure the thickness of acetabular polyethylene components was developed and applied to 26 uncomplicated autopsy retrieved components and 40 unused components. The average age at total hip arthroplasty was 62 years and the average time in service of the retrieved components was 49 months. The clinical notes indicated that each of the arthroplasties was functioning well at the time of the patients death. Thickness distributions in the retrieved components had two distinct patterns. Eighteen of the retrieved components (69%) had their thinnest areas self-contained and located near the polar point. In the other 8 retrieved components (31%) the areas of minimum thickness were adjacent to the rim. Thickness distribution in the unused cups was predominately concentric with the thinnest area located near the polar point (85% of the cups). Detection limits for dimensional change were established based on the variability found in the unused liners. Fifteen of the 26 retrieved components (58%) had areas of reduced thickness which exceeded the detection limits; the average thickness reduction rate for these components was 0.076 mm per year. The other 11 retrieved components (42%) lacked such areas. The 15 cups with areas of reduced thickness had a longer time in service (63 +/- 18 months) than the 11 cups without areas of reduced thickness (32 +/- 25 months) (p = 0.003), but no other clinical factor (age, gender, Harris hip score, size and inclination of the cup, type of femoral fixation) was associated with these 15 cups. Cylindrical models to estimate volumetric change tended to underestimate the actual changes, suggesting that the actual particulate burden may be greater than previously appreciated. Finding that the pattern of thickness reduction can vary suggests that distinctive hip loading modes may be present postoperatively in patients with total hip arthroplasty. The wear rates of these components are consistent with wear rates calculated from radiographic data for well-functioning implants and are considerably lower than wear rates calculated for surgically-retrieved implants, indicating that autopsy-derived retrievals may be more representative of the majority of components currently in service than surgically-derived retrievals.
Stochastic Power Loss Analysis of Differential Power Processing (2021)

This article presents stochastic power loss analysis for differential power processing (DPP). A stochastic model is developed to analyze power loss scaling in a DPP system based on probability distributions of loads or sources. Scaling factors are introduced to describe how losses change with DPP system size and load or source power variance. Expected power losses of representative DPP topologies are analyzed and compared to losses of a conventional dc–dc converter with the same total switch die area and magnetic volume. The results quantify performance trends of DPP architectures. Models and scaling factors are verified with SPICE simulations and experimental results. The analytical framework, scaling factors, and quantitative models provide useful guidelines for designing large-scale DPP systems. This article is accompanied by a video file demonstrating the modeling procedures and the experimental setup.
Ceramic rare earth-doped sesquioxides for infrared laser sources (2022)

In recent years, ceramic sesquioxide materials have emerged as a promising alternative to crystalline laser hosts for near- and mid-infrared laser applications. Ceramics offer a number of manufacturing advantages over crystals including lower fabrication temperatures and the amenability to forming much larger size samples. In this work, a number of RE ions, doped into multiple sesquioxide hosts, are spectroscopically characterized in order to assess their potential for near- and mid-infrared laser applications. Characterization methods included absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as decay dynamics, all measured as functions of temperature. The results are analyzed in order to determine the best laser gain media in the near- and mid-infrared spectral regions.
Radiation Dosimetry and Biodistribution of the TSPO Ligand11C-DPA-713 in Humans (2012)

(11)C-DPA-713 has an uptake pattern that is consistent with the biodistribution of translocator protein and yields a dose burden that is comparable to that of other (11)C-labeled PET tracers.
Short‐term weight loss decreased the risk of chronic kidney disease in men with incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2022)

Short-term weight loss of at least 7% could decrease CKD risk, especially among patients with obesity and elevated blood pressure. It is important to monitor waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and weight for NAFLD management.
Using Surface and Downhole Data to Drive Developments in Event Detection Algorithms (2014)

Summary We have identified individual waveforms from microseismic events and tracked them from reservoir to surface using a wide aperture borehole seismic array, as well as across surface seismic lines. We noted that deeper arrivals in the long borehole array contained complex triplications that could potentially pose difficulties for event detection and location techniques that rely on identifying the direct arrivals. By modelling full waveform synthetics we were able to reconstruct the principal features of these complex arrivals for the long borehole array. We have developed an extension to the CMM approach to extract the appropriate arrival times via STA/LTA processing of the full waveform synthetics. These times are then used to augment the first arrival P and S travel times in the objective function used for CMM processing, allowing the energy in complex arrivals to be identified and beam-formed in the event detection algorithm. Mode converted arrivals may also be used in the subsequent Geiger relocation step to provide greater aperture with which to refine the event location.
Flexibility in primary medical programs: A scoping review (2022)

Introduction: Students and universities increasingly seek flexibility in learning options, however terms such as flexible are not consistently defined in the medical education literature. This review aimed to 1) propose a definition for flexibility in medical education and 2) create a typology of contemporary examples of how flexibility has been operationalised in medical education. Method: A systematic scoping review of papers published in English since 2009 was undertaken. The focus was on papers reporting initiatives to create flexibility in primary medical programs. Results: Based on review of 1,641 search returns and 140 full-text articles, two interconnected concepts were identified: flexibility and individualisation. Flexibility describes mechanisms that allow students choice in how they allocate time and resources to meet the requirements of their course, including time-variable progression, acceleration, deceleration, articulated degree entry and exit options, and pedagogical approaches that reduce time required in classrooms. Individualisation describes options that enable student-driven direction, extension or expansion of medical education into special interest areas, including dual degrees, breadth subjects, curriculum tracks, elective service-learning pathways, electives and selectives. Conclusions: Though not always clearly defined as such, international medical education literature describes a rich variety of flexibility and individualisation initiatives. While the constructs of flexibility and individualisation are interconnected, they can assist curriculum designers to differentiate between the mechanisms that enable flexibility in how students meet course requirements and the mechanisms that enable individual choice in what students study. Flexibility and individualisation initiatives target different needs, including both students’ needs and medical workforce needs; they also suggest different institutional and financial implications. Consensus on and consistent use of common terminology about flexibility and individualisation initiatives will improve the “searchability” and synthesis of research on such initiatives and their impacts and enablers, as well as encourage further research, publication and synthesis of outcomes of such initiatives.
Durability Study of a Light-Duty High Pressure Common Rail Fuel Injection System Using E10 Gasoline (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 500-hour test cycle has been used to evaluate the durability of a prototype high pressure common rail injection system operating up to 1800 bar with E10 gasoline. Some aspects of the original diesel based hardware design were optimized in order to accommodate an opposed-piston, two-stroke engine application and also to mitigate the impacts of exposure to gasoline. Overall system performance was maintained throughout testing as fueling rate and rail pressure targets were continuously achieved and no physical damage was observed in the low-pressure components. Injectors showed no deviation in their flow characteristics after exposure to gasoline and high resolution imaging of the nozzle spray holes and pilot valve assemblies did not indicate the presence of cavitation damage. The high pressure pump did not exhibit any performance degradation during gasoline testing and teardown analysis after 500 hours showed no evidence of cavitation erosion. Despite the lack of lubricity-improving additives in the gasoline, all other fuel-wetted components survived the test cycle without any signs of abnormal contact wear. Fuel and lubricating oil analysis conducted on samples taken at 50-hour intervals confirmed that there was minimal oil-in-fuel or fuel-in-oil dilution throughout most of the cycle. In summary, these results represent an important and positive step forward in assessing the suitability of high pressure fuel system hardware for light-duty gasoline applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Progress and Challenges for Memtransistors in Neuromorphic Circuits and Systems (2021)

Due to the increasing importance of artificial intelligence (AI), significant recent effort has been devoted to the development of neuromorphic circuits that seek to emulate the energy-efficient information processing of the brain. While non-volatile memory (NVM) based on resistive switches, phase-change memory, and magnetic tunnel junctions has shown potential for implementing neural networks, additional multi-terminal device concepts are required for more sophisticated bio-realistic functions. Of particular interest are memtransistors based on low-dimensional nanomaterials, which are capable of electrostatically tuning memory and learning behavior at the device level. Herein, a conceptual overview of the memtransistor is provided in the context of neuromorphic circuits. Recent progress is surveyed for memtransistors and related multi-terminal NVM devices including dual-gated floating-gate memories, dual-gated ferroelectric transistors, and dual-gated van der Waals heterojunctions. The different materials systems and device architectures are classified based on the degree of control and relative tunability of synaptic behavior, with an emphasis on device concepts that harness the reduced dimensionality, weak electrostatic screening, and phase-changes properties of nanomaterials. Finally, strategies for achieving wafer-scale integration of memtransistors and multi-terminal NVM devices are delineated, with specific attention given to the materials challenges for practical neuromorphic circuits.
Time‐resolved Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection spectroscopy for the measurement of molecular diffusion in polymers (2003)

A correction is required to the article by Y. A. Elabd et al. The placement of author photographs was incorrect. Please see below for proper placement. We apologize for any inconvenience this error may have caused.
Data from Genomic Profiling of MicroRNA and Messenger RNA Reveals Deregulated MicroRNA Expression in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes. To evaluate the involvement of microRNAs in prostate cancer, we determined genome-wide expression of microRNAs and mRNAs in 60 primary prostate tumors and 16 nontumor prostate tissues. The mRNA analysis revealed that key components of microRNA processing and several microRNA host genes, e.g., &lt;i&gt;MCM7&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;C9orf5&lt;/i&gt;, were significantly up-regulated in prostate tumors. Consistent with these findings, tumors expressed the &lt;i&gt;miR-106b-25&lt;/i&gt; cluster, which maps to intron 13 of &lt;i&gt;MCM7&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;miR-32&lt;/i&gt;, which maps to intron 14 of &lt;i&gt;C9orf5&lt;/i&gt;, at significantly higher levels than nontumor prostate. The expression levels of other microRNAs, including a number of &lt;i&gt;miR-106b-25&lt;/i&gt; cluster homologues, were also altered in prostate tumors. Additional differences in microRNA abundance were found between organ-confined tumors and those with extraprostatic disease extension. Lastly, we found evidence that some microRNAs are androgen-regulated and that tumor microRNAs influence transcript abundance of protein-coding target genes in the cancerous prostate. In cell culture, E2F1 and p21/WAF1 were identified as targets of &lt;i&gt;miR-106b&lt;/i&gt;, Bim of &lt;i&gt;miR-32&lt;/i&gt;, and exportin-6 and protein tyrosine kinase 9 of &lt;i&gt;miR-1&lt;/i&gt;. In summary, microRNA expression becomes altered with the development and progression of prostate cancer. Some of these microRNAs regulate the expression of cancer-related genes in prostate cancer cells. [Cancer Res 2008;68(15):6162–70]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Functionally Graded Al Foam Fabricated by Sintering and Dissolution Process with Remaining Spacers (2016)

Functionally graded materials composed of Al foam and Al/spacer composites were fabricated by a sintering dissolution process, in which removal of the spacers was stopped during the dissolution process. The deformation of the material started in the low-strength Al foam layer then in the high-strength layer with the remaining spacers.