gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical Assessment of Two-Dimensional Methods for the Microstructural Characterization of Cemented Carbides (2022)

Cemented carbides, or hard metals, are ceramic–metal composites usually consisting of tungsten carbide particles bound by a cobalt-based alloy. They are the backbone materials for the tooling industry, as a direct consequence of the outstanding range of property combinations, depending on their effective microstructural assemblage, i.e., the physical dimensions and relative content of their constitutive phases. Hence, reliable microstructural characterization becomes key for hard metal grade selection and quality control. This work aimed to assess the practical two-dimensional characterization methods for the most important one- and two-phase properties of cemented carbides, i.e., the carbide grain size, phase fraction, carbide contiguity, and binder mean free path. Three different methods—point, line, and area analysis—were implemented to characterize four microstructurally distinct grades. The images were acquired by optical and scanning electron microscopy, with the latter through both secondary and backscattered electrons. Results were critically discussed by comparing the obtained values of properties and the different characterization methodology. Inspection technique combinations were finally ranked based on accuracy, accessibility, and operability considerations. The line method was used to analyze all the properties, the area method, for the one-phase properties, and the point method, for only the phase fraction. It was found that the combination of optical microscopy and the line analysis method was suitable for a direct inspection and rapid estimation for carbides above fine grain size. The most precise results were achieved using line analysis of the images obtained by the backscattered electrons of the scanning electron microscope.
A total reflection high-energy positron diffraction station at the KEK-SPF (2014)

A high-intensity mono-energetic positron beam generated by using a linear electron accelerator (linac) provides total reflection high-energy positron diffraction (TRHEPD) researches at Slow Positron Facility (SPF), KEK [1,2]. A pulsed 50-Hz electron beam generated with a dedicated linac (operated at 55 MeV, 0.6 kW) is injected on a Ta converter and causes fast positron-electron pair creation through bremsstrahlung. The positrons showering down on 25 μm-thick W foils, are moderated to thermal energy, and a fraction spontaneously comes out of the foils with an energy of 3 eV owing to the negative work function. The positron converter/moderator assembly is held at an electrostatic voltage of 15 kV for TRHEPD experiment. The emitted positrons are consequently accelerated to 15 keV as they enter the grounded beam-line and are guided by the magnetic field of about 0.015 T to the TRHEPD station. For diffraction experiments, positrons transported by the magnetic field have to be first released into a nonmagnetic region. Since the released positron beam has a large diameter, a brightness-enhancement unit is effectively used to achieve a small-diameter and highly-parallel beam with a sufficient flux. The linac-based positron beam gives about 60 times intensified diffraction pattern from a Si(111)-7x7 reconstructed surface compared to a previous result with a Na-22-based positron beam [3]. An improved signal-to-noise ratio in the obtained pattern due to the intensified beam allowed an observation of clear fractional-order spots in the higher Laue-zones, which had not been observed previously. The much intensified beam with the present system allows adjustment of the sample orientation without accumulating the positron signals. With the brightness enhanced beam, several remarkable results have been obtained efficiently by users of this facility. (Everybody is invited to use KEK Slow Positron Facility through approval of his/her research proposal.)
702 Effect of Amount of AI2O3 Addition on Pore Structure of ADC12 Porous Aluminum (2013)

Porous aluminum is a lightweight material with high energy absorption properties In this study, porous aluminum was fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) using ADC 12 aluminum alloy die-casting, which has high productivity and high recyclability The effect of amount of Al_20_3 addition on the pore structure was investigated It was considered that 2mass% addition of Al_20_3 was optimum for fabricating high quality porous aluminum
An anomaly in the necking behavior of polyethylene, Part 2 (1980)

Abstract Dumb‐bell shaped specimens of three polyethylenes were subjected to constant uniaxial tensile loads at test temperatures from 298 to 353 K. For the high density polyethylenes, a marked transition appeared in the neck/fracture behavior. At a certain stress level, the instantaneous fracture of the neck formed at high loads was replaced by the formation of a neck that resisted fracture for a considerable time. This transition was more gradual for the medium density polyethylene. Furthermore, at all test temperatures the transition shifts towards higher nominal stresses with increasing molecular weight. Mainly on the basis of measurements of the local strain rate in the neck forming region, a hypothesis is proposed which explains the appearance of the marked transition. The draw ratios and the densities of the fractured neck fibers were also measured and are in accordance with current molecular deformation theories.
Introduction to Membrane Science and Technology. By Heinrich Strathmann. (2012)

Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2011. 524 pp., hardcover, € 75.00.—ISBN 978-3527324514
SNL WIPP Geochemistry. Actinide Uncertainty Analysis: Literature Screening Criteria Seminar. (2022)

Abstract not provided.
Sampling without time: Recovering echoes of light via temporal phase retrieval (2017)

This paper considers the problem of sampling and reconstruction of a continuous-time sparse signal without assuming the knowledge of the sampling instants or the sampling rate. This topic has its roots in the problem of recovering multiple echoes of light from its low-pass filtered and auto-correlated, time-domain measurements. Our work is closely related to the topic of sparse phase retrieval and in this context, we discuss the advantage of phase-free measurements. While this problem is ill-posed, cues based on physical constraints allow for its appropriate regularization. We validate our theory with experiments based on customized, optical time-of-flight imaging sensors. What singles out our approach is that our sensing method allows for temporal phase retrieval as opposed to the usual case of spatial phase retrieval. Preliminary experiments and results demonstrate a compelling capability of our phaseretrieval based imaging device.
An expanded genetic code facilitates antibody chemical conjugation involving the lambda light chain (2021)

Most of the currently approved therapeutic antibodies are of the immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) κ isotype, leaving a vast opportunity for the use of IgGλ in medical treatments. The incorporation of designer amino acids into antibodies enables efficient and precise manufacturing of antibody chemical conjugates. Useful conjugation sites have been explored in the constant domain of the human κ-light chain (LCκ), which is no more than 38% identical to its LCλ counterpart in amino acid sequence. In the present study, we used an expanded genetic code for site-specifically incorporating N<sup>ε</sup>-(o-azidobenzyloxycarbonyl)-l-lysine (o-Az-Z-Lys) into the antigen-binding fragment (Fab) of an IgGλ, cixutumumab. Ten sites in the LCλ constant domain were found to support efficient chemical conjugation exploiting the bio-orthogonal azido chemistry. Most of the identified positions are located in regions that differ between the two light chain isotypes, thus being specific to the λ isotype. Finally, o-Az-Z-Lys was incorporated into the Fab fragments of cixutumumab and trastuzumab to chemically combine them; the resulting bispecific Fab-dimers showed a strong antagonistic activity against a cancer cell line. The present results expand the utility of the chemical conjugation method to the whole spectrum of humanized antibodies, including the λ isotype.
This issue's focus: electromagnetic compatibility (2004)

The focus of this issue's column is teaching electromagnetic compatibility. A summary of resources for this topic is found in the article by Levent Sevgi, and additional online course materials are summarized on the IEEE AP-S education course material repository Web site: www.ece.utah.edu//spl sim/cfurse/APS/course.htm. The column also provides a set of suggestions that are applicable to a variety of courses on opportunities to teach oral presentation skills.
Surfactant Effect on the Thermal and Electrical Behaviors of Sonochemically Synthesized Fe and Fe–PVP Nanofluids and Insight into the Magnetism of Their in Situ Oxidized α-Fe2O3 Analogues (2018)

Magnetic nanofluids are dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles in a diamagnetic base liquid, which display distinct physical properties that can be tuned easily by an external magnetic field, electric current, and temperature. Iron nanofluids were synthesized sonochemically in a one-step process and were observed to oxidize in situ over prolonged air exposure, forming α-Fe2O3 nanofluids. The thermal conductivity measurements on these single-step fabricated magnetic nanofluids were performed for the first time and showed enhanced thermal transport. Hence, we present a new one-pot synthesis approach to improve the heat transfer. The electrical properties of the iron and ferric oxide nanofluids in the presence and absence of a surfactant are also newly reported in this paper. The different electrical conductivities among the two sets of nanofluids are interpreted, and mechanisms are proposed to account for the observed deviation. The heat transport by Fe2O3 nanofluids with respect to the magnetic flux was investigated by subjecting the samples to an external magnetic field. The presence of a surfactant had a substantial effect on the magnetic field-dependent thermal conductivity. Magnetization data as a function of temperature and magnetic field were obtained using the Mössbauer and superconducting quantum interference device techniques, and the influence of the stabilizer is revealed. The present findings are significant for tailoring the properties of magnetic nanofluids for improved applications.
Quantitative evaluation of the relationships between excited-state geometry and the intensities of fundamentals, overtones, and combination bands in resonance Raman spectra (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative evaluation of the relationships between excited-state geometry and the intensities of fundamentals, overtones, and combination bands in resonance Raman spectraKyeong Sook Kim Shin and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 24, 4358–4366Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00323a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00323a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A kinetic investigation of interacting, stimulated T cells identifies conditions for rapid functional enhancement, minimal phenotype differentiation, and improved adoptive cell transfer tumor eradication (2018)

For adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy of tumor-reactive T cells, an effective therapeutic outcome depends upon cell dose, cell expansion in vivo through a minimally differentiated phenotype, long term persistence, and strong cytolytic effector function. An incomplete understanding of the biological coupling between T cell expansion, differentiation, and response to stimulation hinders the co-optimization of these factors. We report on a biophysical investigation of how the short-term kinetics of T cell functional activation, through molecular stimulation and cell-cell interactions, competes with phenotype differentiation. T cells receive molecular stimulation for a few minutes to a few hours in bulk culture. Following this priming period, the cells are then analyzed at the transcriptional level, or isolated as single cells, with continuing molecular stimulation, within microchambers for analysis via 11-plex secreted protein assays. We resolve a rapid feedback mechanism, promoted by T cell-T cell contact interactions, which strongly amplifies T cell functional performance while yielding only minimal phenotype differentiation. When tested in mouse models of ACT, optimally primed T cells lead to complete tumor eradication. A similar kinetic process is identified in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells collected from a patient with metastatic melanoma.
Atom optics on a chip (2003)

By utilizing the wave nature of atoms, one can devise a variety of atom-based devices and systems in analogy with optical versions. Integrated atom optics seeks to do for atom optics what integration has done for photon-optics, namely to miniaturize and turn atom optics into a practical technology. Already a variety of atom optical waveguides and beamsplitters have been demonstrated in research labs and now attention is turning towards the integration of coherent atom sources, that is, Bose-Einstein condensates, directly onto atom "chips." We describe some of most recent work in integrated atom optics and some of our own efforts to miniaturize atom optics systems with the help of MEMS technology.
Closed-Loop d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm i}/$</tex-math></inline-formula>d <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm t}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and d<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm v}/$</tex-math></inline-formula>d<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> IGBT Gate Driver (2014)

This paper proposes a new concept for attaining a defined switching behavior of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) at inductive load (hard) switching, which is a key prerequisite for optimizing the switching behavior in terms of switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI). First, state-of-theart gate driver concepts that enable a control of the IGBT's switching transients are reviewed. Thereafter, a highly dynamic closed-loop IGBT gate driver using simple passive di <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> /dt and dv <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</sub> /dt feedbacks and employing a single analog PI-controller is proposed. Contrary to conventional passive gate drivers, this concept enables an individual control of the current and voltage slopes largely independent of the specific parameters or nonlinearities of the IGBT. Accordingly, a means for optimizing the tradeoff between switching losses, switching delay times, reverse recovery current of the freewheeling diode, turn-off overvoltage, and EMI is gained. The operating principle of the new gate driver is described and based on derived control oriented models of the IGBT, a stability analysis of the closed-loop control is carried out for different IGBT modules. Finally, the proposed concept is experimentally verified for different IGBT modules and compared to a conventional resistive gate driver.
Hemispheric Titanium Porous Coated Acetabular Component Without Screw Fixation (1998)

One hundred fifteen hips in 108 patients with primary total hip arthroplasty using the anatomic porous replacement hemispheric acetabular component implanted without adjunctive screw fixation had a mean postoperative followup time of 6 years (range, 5-7.4 years). Clinical evaluation was performed using the Harris hip score and patient self assessment using a modified Short Form-36 questionnaire. Radiographs were measured for radiolucent lines, polyethylene wear, osteolysis, migration, and fractures. No acetabular metal shell had been revised for loosening or was radiographically loose with or without migration (more than 3 mm) at final followup. Reoperation was done in nine (8%) hips because of polyethylene insert wear or disassembly. No fracture of the acetabular bone occurred at the time of surgery or was observed on radiograph. Fixation of the metal shell was stable, with progressive radiolucent lines observed at final followup in 2% of the hips. Osteolysis was recorded in one patient with two acetabular components. The fixation of noncemented hemispheric porous coated acetabular components is more related to the technique of acetabular bone preparation and press fit implantation than to whether additional screws or peg fixation are used. Fixation of this acetabular component without screws at an average of 6 years after surgery is reproducible and predictable in primary hip arthroplasty. The design of modular polyethylene inserts has been improved and should reduce the wear rate of reoperations of the polyethylene insert.
Improvement of GaN-based laser diode facets by FIBpolishing (1998)

420 nm metal organic chemical vapour deposition-grown laser diodes were fabricated using Cl2 reactive ion etching to form the facet mirrors. The diodes were subsequently tested under pulsed conditions before and after focused ion beam (FIB) polishing. Ith was reduced from 1.75 to 1.08 A and the differential quantum efficiency (ηd) increased from 1.3% to 2.5% after FIB.
Conversion of Acid Chlorides to Substituted Acetylenes with Tungsten Alkylidynes (2005)

Our investigation into the conversion of acid chlorides to substituted acetylenes using tungsten alkylidynes is presented. Several acid chlorides can be converted to acetylenes in good yields, although a more straightforward synthesis of the required tungsten alkylidynes would be desirable.
802 Positive inotropic and lusitropic effects of nitroxyl (HNO/NO-) in failing hearts: independence from beta-adrenergic signaling (2003)

802 Positive inotropic and lusitropic effects of nitroxyl (HNO/NO-) in failing hearts: independence from beta-adrenergic signaling N. Paolocci1, T. Katori1, C.G. Tocchetti1, D.F. Belardi1, K.M. Miranda2, D.A. Wink2, D.A. Kass1 1The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Cardiology Division, Dept. of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America; 2National Cancer Institute, Radiation Biology Branch, Bethesda, United States of America
Improved Mortality and Rehabilitation of Transplant Candidates Treated with a Long-Term Implantable Left Ventricular Assist System (1995)

The LVAS provided adequate hemodynamic support and was effective in rehabilitating patients based on improved renal, hepatic, and physical capacity assessments over time. In the LVAS group, pretransplant mortality decreased by 55%, and the probability of surviving 1 year after transplant was significantly greater than in the control group (90% vs. 67%, p = 0.03). Thus, the HeartMate IP LVAS proved safe and effective as a bridge to transplant and decreased the risk of death for patients waiting for transplantation.
Anwendung der Wellenfrontaberrometrie an Brillenglaesern zur Verbesserung der Sehleistung (2008)

Obwohl das Daemmerungssehvermoegen eine sehr wichtige Rolle in der Verkehrssicherheit spielt, wird in der Regel ein Patient nur dann dazu untersucht, wenn Hinweise auf ein schlechtes Daemmerungssehvermoegen vorliegen. Auch gibt es bisher wenige Ansaetze, um eine geeignete Sehhilfe zu verordnen, welche diese Probleme mindern, wenn sie refraktiven Ursprungs sind. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, bei der auf Basis einer zusaetzlichen Wellenfront-Messung der Augen des Patienten die Verordnung der Sehhilfe so abgeaendert wird, dass eine bessere Sehleistung fuer unterschiedliche Lichtbedingungen erreicht werden kann, insbesondere beim Daemmerungssehen. Diese Methode wurde in dem Produkt i.Scription implementiert, welche in Kombination mit allen Rezeptglaesern der Marke Zeiss kommerziell verfuegbar ist. (A) Beitrag zum 3. Gemeinsamen Symposium Pruefmethoden der Fahreignungsbegutachtung in der Psychologie, Medizin und im Ingenieurwesen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Verkehrspsychologie e.V. (DGVP) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Verkehrsmedizin e.V. (DGVM) am 18.-19. Oktober 2007 in Dresden.
The Master Regulator of the Cellular Stress Response (HSF1) Is Critical for Orthopoxvirus Infection (2014)

The genus Orthopoxviridae contains a diverse group of human pathogens including monkeypox, smallpox and vaccinia. These viruses are presumed to be less dependent on host functions than other DNA viruses because they have large genomes and replicate in the cytoplasm, but a detailed understanding of the host factors required by orthopoxviruses is lacking. To address this topic, we performed an unbiased, genome-wide pooled RNAi screen targeting over 17,000 human genes to identify the host factors that support orthopoxvirus infection. We used secondary and tertiary assays to validate our screen results. One of the strongest hits was heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the ancient master regulator of the cytoprotective heat-shock response. In investigating the behavior of HSF1 during vaccinia infection, we found that HSF1 was phosphorylated, translocated to the nucleus, and increased transcription of HSF1 target genes. Activation of HSF1 was supportive for virus replication, as RNAi knockdown and HSF1 small molecule inhibition prevented orthopoxvirus infection. Consistent with its role as a transcriptional activator, inhibition of several HSF1 targets also blocked vaccinia virus replication. These data show that orthopoxviruses co-opt host transcriptional responses for their own benefit, thereby effectively extending their functional genome to include genes residing within the host DNA. The dependence on HSF1 and its chaperone network offers multiple opportunities for antiviral drug development.
Controlling view-based algorithms using approximate world models and action information (2002)

Most view-based vision algorithms are based on strong assumptions about the disposition of the objects in the image. To safely apply those algorithms in real world image sequences, we propose that a vision system should be divided into two components. The first component contains an approximate world model of the scene-a low accuracy, coarse description of the objects and actions in the world. Approximate world models are constructed and updated by simple vision routines and by the use of action information provided by an external source. The second component employs view-based algorithms to perform required perceptual tasks; the selection and control of the view-based methods are determined by the information provided by the approximate world model. We demonstrate the approximate world model approach in a project to control cameras in a TV studio where the external context is provided by a script.