gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PWE-025 Assessing the Percent of Days Linaclotide Improved Abdominal Symptoms and Stool Frequency in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation (IBS-C): Pooled Analysis of 2 Phase 3 Trials (2013)

Introduction Linaclotide (LIN), a minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase C agonist (GCCA), improved abdominal symptoms and bowel movement (BM) frequency in patients (pts) with IBS-C in 2 Phase 3 trials. This post-hoc analysis determined the % of days pts reported improvements in abdominal symptoms and BMs with LIN or placebo (PBO) treatment. Methods In 2 Phase 3 trials, pts with IBS-C (Rome II criteria) were randomised to LIN 290 -μg qd po or PBO. Using pooled intent-to-treat (ITT) data from the 1st 12 wks of both trials, we determined (for pts with an average baseline score ≥3 out of 10 for each respective parameter) 1) % of days with ≥30% improvement in either abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, cramping or fullness and 2) % of days with a spontaneous BM (SBM) or a complete SBM (CSBM). Results The pooled ITT population included 797 PBO- and 805 LIN-treated pts. During the 2-wk Baseline Period, pts had an SBM on a mean of 24% of days and a CSBM on a mean of 3% of days. Pts in subgroups with an average baseline abdominal symptom score ≥3 experienced ≥30% improvement in the specific abdominal symptom on a significantly greater % of days for LIN vs PBO (Table). LIN-treated pts had ≥30% improvement in abdominal pain for 55% of days vs 41% for PBO (p &lt; 0.0001). Results were similar for other abdominal symptoms, with LIN-treated pts achieving ≥30% improvement for ~50% of days during the Treatment Period; PBO pts met the threshold on 33–42% of days. LIN also significantly increased the % of days with SBM/CSBM vs PBO (Table). Abstract PWE-025 Table n PBO LIN Δ P-value a % of days with ≥30% improvement in abdominal symptoms Pain b 1602 41 55 13 &lt; 0.0001 Discomfort c 1589 38 52 14 &lt; 0.0001 Bloating c 1574 33 48 15 &lt; 0.0001 Cramping c 1457 42 55 13 &lt; 0.0001 Fullness c 1583 33 49 15 &lt; 0.0001 % of days with SBM/CSBM SBM 1602 37 54 17 &lt; 0.0001 CSBM 1602 12 26 14 &lt; 0.0001 SBM, spontaneous bowel movement; CSBM, complete SBM a Wilcoxon Rank Sum test; b mean abdominal pain score ≥3 during the Baseline Period; c average baseline score ≥3 for that symptom Conclusion LIN improved abdominal symptoms (pain, discomfort, bloating, fullness and cramping) by ≥30% on ~50% of treatment days and significantly increased the % of days with SBM/CSBM. Thus, LIN relieved key IBS-C symptoms and increased the % of days with symptom improvement. These data provide estimates for results of treatment wi
<title>Basic research for a large electro-holographic display</title> (1995)

We propose parallel architecture, which consists of small display units, to make up a large electro-holographic display. It is difficult to make a large 3D display using electro-holography because it requires a lot of calculations, broad bandwidth, and restrictions of optical and mechanical elements. In this paper, we discuss the problems, then show basic idea of architecture and preliminary experimental results.
Combo Loss: Handling Input and Output Imbalance in Multi-Organ\n Segmentation (2018)

Simultaneous segmentation of multiple organs from different medical imaging\nmodalities is a crucial task as it can be utilized for computer-aided\ndiagnosis, computer-assisted surgery, and therapy planning. Thanks to the\nrecent advances in deep learning, several deep neural networks for medical\nimage segmentation have been introduced successfully for this purpose. In this\npaper, we focus on learning a deep multi-organ segmentation network that labels\nvoxels. In particular, we examine the critical choice of a loss function in\norder to handle the notorious imbalance problem that plagues both the input and\noutput of a learning model. The input imbalance refers to the class-imbalance\nin the input training samples (i.e., small foreground objects embedded in an\nabundance of background voxels, as well as organs of varying sizes). The output\nimbalance refers to the imbalance between the false positives and false\nnegatives of the inference model. In order to tackle both types of imbalance\nduring training and inference, we introduce a new curriculum learning based\nloss function. Specifically, we leverage Dice similarity coefficient to deter\nmodel parameters from being held at bad local minima and at the same time\ngradually learn better model parameters by penalizing for false\npositives/negatives using a cross entropy term. We evaluated the proposed loss\nfunction on three datasets: whole body positron emission tomography (PET) scans\nwith 5 target organs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prostate scans, and\nultrasound echocardigraphy images with a single target organ i.e., left\nventricular. We show that a simple network architecture with the proposed\nintegrative loss function can outperform state-of-the-art methods and results\nof the competing methods can be improved when our proposed loss is used.\n
Catalytic CVD of SWCNTs at Low Temperatures and SWCNT Devices (2004)

New results on the planar growth of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at low temperatures will be reported. Optimizing catalyst, catalyst support, and growth parameters yields SWCNTs at temperatures as low as 600 °C. Growth at such low temperatures largely affects the diameter distribution since coalescence of the catalyst is suppressed. A phenomenological growth model will be suggested for CVD growth at low temperatures. The model takes into account surface diffusion and is an alternative to the bulk diffusion based vapor‐liquid‐solid (VLS) model. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes field effect transistors based on substrate grown SWCNTs will be presented. In these devices good contact resistances could be achieved by electroless metal deposition or metal evaporation of the contacts.
Mutation Causing von Willebrand's Disease in Scottish Terriers (2000)

Abstract Von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) in the Scottish Terrier breed is a serious, often fatal, hereditary bleeding disorder. Elimination of the mutated gene by selective breeding is an important goal for the health of this breed. Although the standard protein-based tests are accurate for identification of affected Scottish Terriers, they are not reliable for the identification of carriers of the mutant gene unless multiple replicate assays are performed. A simple, highly accurate test for carriers of the disease is needed so that veterinarians can counsel clients on which animals to use in their breeding programs. The complete coding region of von Willebrand factor (vWF) complementary DNA (cDNA) was sequenced from an affected animal, and a single base deletion in the codon for amino acid 85 of the prepro-vWF cDNA that leads to Scottish Terrier vWD was identified. A highly accurate polymerase chain reaction assay was developed that can distinguish homozygous normal animals from those that are homozygous affected or heterozygous. In a voluntary survey of 87 animals provided by Scottish Terrier owners, 15 were carriers and 4 were affected with vWD, 2 of which had previously been shown to have undetectable vWF. The determination of the complete canine vWF cDNA sequence should facilitate the identification of additional vWD alleles in other breeds and other species.
Emergence of local synchronization in neuronal networks with adaptive couplings (2017)

Local synchronization, both prolonged and transient, of oscillatory neuronal behavior in cortical networks plays a fundamental role in many aspects of perception and cognition. Here we study networks of Hindmarsh-Rose neurons with a new type of adaptive coupling, and show that these networks naturally produce both permanent and transient synchronization of local clusters of neurons. These deterministic systems exhibit complex dynamics with 1/fη power spectra, which appears to be a consequence of a novel form of self-organized criticality.
A Study on Particle Deposition of an Evaporating Colloidal Droplet (2006)

The presented study aims to investigate the colloidal droplet deposition caused by evaporation of the liquid. In the numerical analysis, the evaporation is carried out by using different evaporation function intended to obtain different shape of solute deposition. In the experiment, the colloidal droplets of different solvents are placed on a glass plate and the surface profiles are measured after drying the solvents of the droplets to investigate the effect of the solvent evaporation on the final deposition profile. Comparing the surface profiles obtained under different conditions, the optimum drying conditions of colloidal droplets are determined to obtain uniform surface profiles. The numerical results showed that ring-shaped deposition of solute was formed at the edge of the droplet due to the coffee stain effect and the height of the ring was reduced at the lower evaporation rate. The experiments showed that the boiling point of a solvent was critical to the surface uniformity of the deposition profile and the mixture of solvents with different boiling points influenced the uniformity as well.
Obesity and Gastrointestinal Hormones-Dual Effect of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade and a Partial Agonist of PPAR-&#947; (2011)

Obesity is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, which is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is now clear that gut hormones play a role in the regulation of body weight and represent therapeutic targets for the future treatment of obesity. Recent evidence demonstrated that dysregulation of adipocytokine functions seen in abdominal obesity may be involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Angiotensinogen, the precursor of angiotensin (Ang) II, is produced primarily in the liver, but also in adipose tissue, where it is up-regulated during the development of obesity and involved in blood pressure regulation and adipose tissue growth. Importantly, blockade of the RAS attenuates weight gain and adiposity by enhanced energy expenditure. The favorable metabolic effects of telmisartan have been related to its Ang II receptor blockade and action as a partial agonist of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR)-γ. PPARγ plays an important role in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and ligands for PPARγ can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce triglyceride levels. We designed a comparative study of telmisartan and losartan in ApoE-deficient mice. Treatment with telmisartan or losartan significantly reduced the development of lipid-rich plaque. However, treatment with telmisartan significantly improved endothelial dysfunction and inhibited lipid accumulation in the liver. These favorable characteristics of telmisartan might be due to its action as a partial agonist of PPAR-γ, beyond its blood pressure-lowering effect, through Ang II blockade, which may be called "metabosartan".
An Aroma of Complexity: How the Unique Genetics of Aromatase (CYP19A1) Explain Diverse Phenotypes From Hens and Hyenas to Human Gynecomastia, and Testicular and Other Tumors (2013)

The development of visible breasts in males has fascinated human culture for millennia, at least since Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) and his family ruled Egypt; medical journals still discuss whether or not his son, Tutankhaten (Tutankhamun), had gynecomastia (1). There is no question that a breast for “male” activities was at least as impractical as the Amazons had discovered—they underwent right mastectomy so that they could use their bows or throw their javelin better—and that femininity (at least in the eyes of culture) depended on the presence of breast, as Saint Agatha of Sicily found when she underwent bilateral mastectomy as part of her faith-defending torture. The medical term we use today, “gynecomastia,” is indicative of these cultural assumptions; it defines the presence, in a male, of “μαστoς” (breast in Greek) as if he were a “γυναiκα” (female in Greek).
Generating a Space-Time Pulse in Free Space after Multimode Fiber Propagation in which Fiber Modal Coupling is Mitigated, Divergence is Reduced, and Group Velocity is Tuned (2022)

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of a space-time pulse in free-space after 1-m multi-mode fiber propagation. The generated space-time pulse has reduced diffraction and a tunable group velocity from 1.0042 c to 0.9967 c .
A Systems Immunology Approach Identifies Cytokine-Induced STAT Signaling Pathways Critical to Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity and Treatment Response (2019)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies, involves many cytokine-mediated signaling pathways in multiple immune cell subsets. Most studies of immune cells in RA have limitations, such as analysis of a small number of cell subsets or pathways, and limited longitudinal data on patient phenotypes. In this study, we used an innovative systems immunology approach to simultaneously quantify up to 882 signaling nodes (Jak/STAT signaling readouts modulated by cytokines and other stimuli) in 21 immune cell subsets. We studied 194 RA patients and 41 controls, including 146 well-characterized RA patients prior to, and 6 months after, initiation of methotrexate or biologic agents from the Treatment Efficacy and Toxicity in RA Database and Repository (TETRAD). There was strikingly attenuated signaling capacity in RA patients in IFNα stimulation followed by measurement of phosphorylated STAT1 [IFNα→p-STAT1] in six immune cell subsets. Multiple nodes showed negative association with disease activity, including IFNα→STAT5 signaling in naive and memory B cells. In contrast, IL-6-induced STAT1 and STAT3 activation in central memory CD4-negative T cells showed a positive association with disease activity. Multiple nodes were associated with treatment response, including IFNα→STAT1 in monocytes and IL-6→STAT3 in CD4+ naive T cells. Decision tree analysis identified a model combining these two nodes as a high-performing classifier of treatment response to TNF inhibitors. Our study provides novel information on RA disease mechanisms and serves as a framework for the discovery and validation of biomarkers of treatment response in RA.
Charge-Transfer Intermediates in the Electrochemical Doping Mechanism of Conjugated Polymers (2020)

In this work, we address the nature of electrochemically induced charged states in conjugated polymers, their evolution as a function of electrochemical potential, and their coupling to their local environment by means of transient absorption and Raman spectroscopies synergistically performed in situ throughout the electrochemical doping process. In particular, we investigate the fundamental mechanism of electrochemical doping in an oligoether-functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) copolymer. The changes embedded in both linear and transient absorption features allow us to identify a precursor electronic state with charge-transfer (CT) character that precedes polaron formation and bulk electronic conductivity. This state is shown to contribute to the ultrafast quenching of both neutral molecular excitations and polarons. Raman spectra relate the electronic transition of this precursor state predominantly to the Cβ -Cβ stretching mode of the thiophene heterocycle. We characterize the coupling of the CT-like state with primary excitons and electrochemically induced charge separated states, providing insight into the energetic landscape of a heterogeneous polymer-electrolyte system and demonstrate how such coupling depends on environmental parameters, such as polymer structure, electrolyte composition, and environmental polarity.
Nitrogen absorption and desorption by steels during arc and laser welding (2004)

Abstract There are many occasions during the fusion welding process where a molten weld metal is isolated from the air by means of a shielding gas. If air is enveloped into the welding atmosphere and the molten weld metal actively reacts with the gas, the absorbed gas may affect various weld zone properties. Hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen are considered typical examples of such gases. They are all key gaseous elements which affect weld metal properties. The focus of this article is the reaction of nitrogen gas with steel weld metal and a description is provided of nitrogen absorption and desorption by steel weld metal during the arc and laser welding processes.
Non-vitamin-K-dependent Oral Anticoagulants in End-stage Renal Disease Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation: An Impossible Wedding? (2017)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this population, AF is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism and stroke as a result of a progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate. However, CKD patients, in particular those on renal replacement therapy, also have an increased risk of bleeding, especially from the gastrointestinal tract. Oral anticoagulation is the most effective form of thromboprophylaxis in patients with AF presenting an increased risk of stroke. Limited evidence of its efficacy, the increased risk of bleeding as well as some concern regarding the use of warfarin in CKD have often resulted in the underuse of anticoagulation in CKD patients. A large body of evidence suggests that non-vitamin-K-dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) significantly reduce the risk of stroke, intracranial hemorrhage and mortality. Hence, they are currently recommended for patients with AF at risk of stroke. However, the metabolism of NOACs is largely dependent on the kidneys for elimination and little is known about their use in patients with creatinine clearance &lt;25 mL/min, who have been excluded from all pivotal phase III NOAC trials. This review focuses on the current pharmacokinetic, observational and prospective data on NOACs in patients affected by moderate to advanced CKD (creatinine clearance 15–49 mL/min) and in those on dialysis&nbsp;(Cardionephrology)
Circulating HPV DNA in the Management of Oropharyngeal and Cervical Cancers: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives (2021)

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with invasive malignancies, including almost 100% of cervical cancers (CECs), and 35-70% of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs). HPV infection leads to clinical implications in related tumors by determining better prognosis and predicting treatment response, especially in OPC. Currently, specific and minimally invasive tests allow for detecting HPV-related cancer at an early phase, informing more appropriately therapeutical decisions, and allowing for timely disease monitoring. A blood-based biomarker detectable in liquid biopsy represents an ideal candidate, and the use of circulating HPV DNA (ct-DNA) itself could offer the highest specificity for such a scope. Circulating HPV DNA is detectable in the greatest part of patients affected by HPV-related cancers, and studies have demonstrated its potential usefulness for CEC and OPC clinical management. Unfortunately, when using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the detection rate of serum HPV DNA is low. Innovative techniques such as droplet-based digital PCR and next generation sequencing are becoming increasingly available for the purpose of boosting HPV ct-DNA detection rate. We herein review and critically discuss the most recent and representative literature, concerning the role of HPV ctDNA in OPC and CEC in the light of new technologies that could improve the potential of this biomarker in fulfilling many of the unmet needs in the clinical management of OPC and CEC patients.
Acidic properties of (dimethyl sulfoxide)(1,5-diamino-3-azapentane)platinum(II) perchlorate and kinetics of the displacement of dimethyl sulfoxide from the conjugate base (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidic properties of (dimethyl sulfoxide)(1,5-diamino-3-azapentane)platinum(II) perchlorate and kinetics of the displacement of dimethyl sulfoxide from the conjugate baseRaffaello Romeo, Domenico Minniti, Giuseppe Alibrandi, Luisa De Cola, and Martin L. TobeCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 12, 1944–1947Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00232a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00232a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effectiveness of Surface Treatment Techniques for Composite Bonding with Different Contamination Levels (2018)

Various surface treatment techniques have been developed to promote adhesive bond performance for composite structural components in aerospace applications. The condition of the pre-bond surface is critical to achieving desirable bond quality. Contamination on bonding surfaces is well recognized as a major threat to ultimate bond performance. Variation in contamination level has brought additional challenges into manufacturing process control. High fidelity surface treatment techniques are required for effective removal of contaminants over a wide range of contamination levels. In this study, a common contaminant, i.e. silicone mold release, was introduced to pre-bond composite surfaces with different concentrations. Plasma and laser surface treatment techniques were performed and their effectiveness in restoring and enhancing desirable bond quality was investigated. Surface characterization techniques, including water contact angle goniometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were conducted to assess the condition of contaminated surfaces and the improvement induced by plasma and laser surface treatments. Failure modes from a customized double cantilever beam test were investigated before and after surface treatments. Fundamental mechanisms of plasma and laser surface treatments on the composite bonding surfaces were also investigated.
Doping behavior of phosphorus in ZnO thin films: Effects of doping concentration and postgrowth thermal annealing (2010)

Effects of phosphorus concentration, [P], and postgrowth annealing on the x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering from ZnO:P thin films are presented. The ZnO (0002) diffraction peak exhibits a large monotonic angular shift with increasing [P] up to 5.1×1019 cm−3 while its shift upon annealing is dependent on [P]. No extrinsic phases were detected for the samples studied. Raman spectra reveal disorder-activated vibrational modes, around 276, 510, 582, and 643 cm−1, with increasing [P]. They also reveal local vibrational modes corresponding to PO (∼370 cm−1) and PZn (∼482 cm−1) upon annealing. The intensity evolution of the Raman features, together with the x-ray diffraction results, indicates that phosphorus substituting for zinc is favored at low annealing temperatures while increasing annealing temperature tends to convert phosphorus doping configurations from PZn to PO.