gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced fluorescence of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: A technology with potential to improve visualization of malignant tissue at the time of surgical resection (2006)

15503 Background: Surgery for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid can at times be technically challenging to the surgeon. Inducing the cancer cells to be fluorescent would have the potential to improve the surgeon’s ability to quickly and accurately identify and excise all of the malignant tissue. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of induced tumor fluorescence with fluorophor-tagged anti-tumor antigen antibodies using human colon and breast cancer cell lines. We present here our results using a human medullary carcinoma of the thyroid cell line in the nude mouse model. Methods: A human medullary carcinoma of the thyroid cell line that was demonstrated to express CA 15–3 was used. Thyroid carcinoma cells were subcutaneously implanted in 4 nude mice (3 study mice and 1 control mice). Three weeks after injection, tumor nodules were easily detectable. Using the tail vein method, 3 study mice were injected with fluorophore-tagged anti-CA 15–3 and 1 control mouse with fluorophore-tagged IgG. Mice were examined using a small animal imaging system with a 470 nm light source and appropriate filters. They were also examined using a simple blue LED flashlight fitted with a fixed 470 nm band pass filter for illumination and were observed through filtered goggles. Results: Fluorescence of tumor nodules in the study mice could be seen through the skin. On dissection and exposure of the tumor nodules, this fluorescence was intense and clearly distinguishable from the surrounding normal tissue using either the imaging system or the blue LED. The control mouse injected with fluorophore-tagged IgG and examined in a similar manner revealed no tumor fluorescence. Conclusions: When tumor antigens are known, fluorophore-tagged antibody induced fluorescence is simple, easy to perform, requires no technically complex equipment or operator expertise and could be adapted to thyroid cancer surgery in the academic or community hospital setting. This technology would be indicated in those patients undergoing initial resection of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid as well as in those patients undergoing resection of recurrent disease where accurate identification of tumor tissue may be more difficult and time consuming. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Precipitation modification in cast Mg–1Nd–1Ce–Zr alloy by Zn addition (2019)

The effects of different Zn addition (0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Mg–1Nd–1Ce–Zr alloy in as-cast, solution-treated and 200 °C peak-aged conditions were studied. Precipitates in cast Mg–1Nd–1Ce–Zr alloy are significantly modified by the Zn addition. In the Zn-free alloy, the disk-shaped prismatic precipitates and the point-like precipitates are the main strengthening phases. When 0.2 Zn is added, the disk-shaped precipitates are refined and very fine basal precipitates form additionally. When 0.5 Zn is added, the basal precipitates become the main strengthening phase. Further increasing the Zn addition to 1.0%, only spare basal precipitates and point-like precipitates exist. The 0.5 Zn addition alloy has the highest strength at room temperature, whose yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation in T6 condition are 136 MPa, 237 MPa and 9%, respectively. Keywords: Mg alloy, Precipitate, Rare earth, Zn addition, Mechanical properties, Mg wheel
Gene signature and immune cell profiling by high-dimensional, single-cell analysis in COVID-19 patients, presenting Low T3 syndrome and coexistent hematological malignancies (2021)

Our study demonstrates that low FT3 serum levels are associated with severe COVID-19. Our multi-omics approach suggests that T3 is involved in the immune response in COVID-19 and coexistent hematological malignancy and new possible T3 target genes in these patients have been identified.
Gonadal Expression of Foxo1, but Not Foxo3, Is Conserved in Diverse Mammalian Species1 (2013)

The Foxos are key effectors of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulate diverse physiologic processes. Two of these factors, Foxo1 and Foxo3, serve specific roles in reproduction in the mouse. Foxo3 is required for suppression of primordial follicle activation in females, while Foxo1 regulates spermatogonial stem cell maintenance in males. In the mouse ovary, Foxo1 is highly expressed in somatic cells (but not in oocytes), suggesting an important functional role for Foxo1 in these cells. Given that invertebrate model species such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster harbor a single ancestral Foxo homolog, these observations suggest that gene duplication conferred a selective advantage by permitting the Foxos to adopt distinct roles in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Our objective was to determine if the remarkably specific expression patterns of Foxo1 and Foxo3 in mouse gonads (and, by inference, Foxo function) are conserved in diverse mammalian species. Western blotting was used to validate isoform-specific antibodies in rodents, companion animals, farm animals, nonhuman primates, and humans. Following validation of each antibody, immunohistochemistry was performed to ascertain Foxo1 and Foxo3 gonadal expression patterns. While Foxo1 expression in spermatogonia and granulosa cells was conserved in each species evaluated, Foxo3 expression in oocytes was not. Our findings suggest that Foxo3 is not uniquely required for primordial follicle maintenance in nonrodent species and that other Foxos, particularly Foxo1, may contribute to oocyte maintenance in a functionally redundant manner.
Influence of reactive sputter deposition conditions on crystallization of zirconium oxide thin films (2009)

Zirconium oxide thin films were prepared through reactive magnetron sputtering with a zirconium target using pulsed-dc and radio frequency (rf) sources. The film crystallization was studied with respect to sputtering growth variables such as sputtering power, sputtering pressure, source frequency, oxygen pressure, substrate temperature, and substrate material. The crystallization was studied through x-ray diffraction (XRD) 2θ scans and was quantified with peak full width at half maximum and crystallite size. Crystallization of the films was found to occur over a broad range of sputter deposition parameters, while the amorphous phase was produced only at high sputtering pressure and low sputtering power. With a decrease in sputtering pressure or power, the crystallite size decreased. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and XRD analysis revealed that at very low pressures, these films are polyphase assemblages of cubic phases of oxygen deficient zirconium oxides such as ZrO and Zr2O. When the sputtering oxygen content of these films is increased above 25%, monoclinic-ZrO2 phase is stabilized in the films and the deposition rate decreases. However, in the case of rf sputtering, an additional peak corresponding to tetragonal phase of ZrO2 is observed. The sputtering parameters were related to physical parameters such as sputtering mode, ion energy, and substrate temperature, which influence crystallinity.
Photonic devices on paper, plastic and textile fabrics (2013)

We will present some of our results from low temperature (&lt;100 &deg;C) chemical growth of inorganic zinc oxide (ZnO) crystalline nanostructures on non-conventional substrates. These non-conventional substrates include plastic, paper, and textile fabrics. Both nanowires and nanotubes are grown at low temperature. The nanowires were processed to fabricate white light emitting diodes (LEDs) with color rendering index (CRI) of up to 95. Then both the nanowires and nanotubes were tested regarding the piezoelectric effect and for generating electric power from mechanical movements. This opens the possibility to drive the LEDs from harvesting ambient mechanical movements. We also developed a printing process suitable for mass production to fabricate these LEDs on paper substrates. Also on the paper contacts and interconnection lines were made by a simple pencil drawing on the paper on which the nanowires then were printed. This ZnO nanocrystals graphitic circuitry worked excellent as metal electrodes. In this way a UV-detector was fabricated. Finally, we will also compare the paper substrates results with our other results on other different types of flexible substrates like cotton and plastic substrates.
Peak Reduction and Long Term Load Forecasting for Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage (2021)

Domestic load profiles in the residential sectors are being modified with the adoption of smart home management systems and solar generation. In addition, houses with rooftop PV behave like local generators, contributing to the growth of the penetration of PV energy. Hence, the demand for power is declining day by day. However, the increasing PV penetration causes technical challenges for the power system, such as the “duck curve”. This can be addressed through home energy management (HEM) techniques including peak shaving, load shifting with smart home devices. In this regard, electric water heaters (EWH), with high thermal mass and being ubiquitous, are attractive and low-cost energy storage systems. In this article, a case study for one of the largest rural field smart energy technology demonstrators involving business, industries, and more than 5,000 residences, located in Glasgow, KY, US, is presented. Furthermore, a HEM system, which aims to minimize the total energy usage and peak demand by regulating the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, water heaters, and batteries, thereby benefiting both the utility and the consumer is proposed. This work also demonstrates the ability of EWH to provide ancillary services while maintaining customer comfort. The minimum participation rates for EWH and batteries are calculated and compared with respect to different peak reduction targets. Long term load prediction by considering different fractions of smart homes for the utility is also provided.
Ruthenium/1,1′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene‐Catalysed Oppenauer Oxidation of Alcohols and Lactonisation of α,ω‐Diols using Methyl Isobutyl Ketone as Oxidant (2013)

Abstract A number of ruthenium catalysts, made in situ from [Ru( p ‐cymene)Cl 2 ] 2 and various monodentate and bidentate phosphorus ligands were screened in the double Oppenauer oxidation of 1,6‐hexanediol to caprolactone using methyl isobutyl ketone as oxidant and potassium carbonate as base. The catalyst based on 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphinyl)ferrocene gave this lactone in excellent yield. The same catalyst was evaluated for the oxidation of other diols to their lactones, of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and of secondary alcohols to the ketones under the same reaction conditions. The products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. magnified image
Translation Strategy for the Qualification of Drug-induced Vascular Injury Biomarkers (2014)

Drug-induced vascular injury (DIVI) is a common preclinical toxicity usually characterized by hemorrhage, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle damage, and inflammation. DIVI findings can cause delays or termination of drug candidates due to low safety margins. The situation is complicated by the absence of sensitive, noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring vascular injury and the uncertain relevance to humans. The Safer And Faster Evidence-based Translation (SAFE-T) consortium is a public-private partnership funded within the European Commission's Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) aiming to accelerate drug development by qualifying biomarkers for drug-induced organ injuries, including DIVI. The group is using patients with vascular diseases that have key histomorphologic features (endothelial damage, smooth muscle damage, and inflammation) in common with those observed in DIVI, and has selected candidate biomarkers associated with these features. Studied populations include healthy volunteers, patients with spontaneous vasculitides and other vascular disorders. Initial results from studies with healthy volunteers and patients with vasculitides show that a panel of biomarkers can successfully discriminate the population groups. The SAFE-T group plans to seek endorsement from health authorities (European Medicines Agency and Food and Drug Administration) to qualify the biomarkers for use in regulatory decision-making processes.
Benefits of the control‐hold mode for the support of the forward packet data channel in IS‐2000 (2003)

Abstract The most recent revisions of the IS‐2000 standards are being designed with the view of maximizing the achievable throughput while maintaining an acceptable Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) for the supported voice and data sessions. Revision C of the IS‐2000 standard is specifically geared towards maximizing the throughput on the forward link. However, this increase in forward link capacity requires adding new reverse link overhead channels thereby decreasing reverse link capacity. This paper describes the Control‐Hold mode designed to reduce the resource usage of reverse link overhead channels. In particular, the focus is on the DV‐control‐hold (DVCH) mode jointly proposed by Ericsson and Nortel for the 1xEVDV standard and adopted as an optional feature in the IS‐2000 standard as part of its Revision C 5 . The DV‐control‐hold mode is an intermediary state between the active and dormant modes of a mobile. In this state, a mobile station uses less resources than when active and can also be quickly reactivated (typically in 20 ms). The QoS achieved for mobile stations (MSs) that use the Active‐DVCH‐Dormant state machine is compared to the performance of MSs with regular Active‐Dormant state machines. Simulation results show that the introduction of the DVCH mode increases both, the achievable forward link throughput and the number of admissible mobiles per sector. When the DVCH mode is introduced and for the typical ‘Active‐to‐Dormant’ timer values of 3 and 6 s, the number of admissible sessions per sector increases by 35% and 66% respectively, while the corresponding throughput increases by 14% and 50%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Joint Noise Level Estimation from Personal Photo Collections (2013)

Personal photo albums are heavily biased towards faces of people, but most state-of-the-art algorithms for image denoising and noise estimation do not exploit facial information. We propose a novel technique for jointly estimating noise levels of all face images in a photo collection. Photos in a personal album are likely to contain several faces of the same people. While some of these photos would be clean and high quality, others may be corrupted by noise. Our key idea is to estimate noise levels by comparing multiple images of the same content that differ predominantly in their noise content. Specifically, we compare geometrically and photo metrically aligned face images of the same person. Our estimation algorithm is based on a probabilistic formulation that seeks to maximize the joint probability of estimated noise levels across all images. We propose an approximate solution that decomposes this joint maximization into a two-stage optimization. The first stage determines the relative noise between pairs of images by pooling estimates from corresponding patch pairs in a probabilistic fashion. The second stage then jointly optimizes for all absolute noise parameters by conditioning them upon relative noise levels, which allows for a pair wise factorization of the probability distribution. We evaluate our noise estimation method using quantitative experiments to measure accuracy on synthetic data. Additionally, we employ the estimated noise levels for automatic denoising using "BM3D", and evaluate the quality of denoising on real-world photos through a user study.
Distributed Sparse Optimization With Weakly Convex Regularizer: Consensus Promoting and Approximate Moreau Enhanced Penalties Towards Global Optimality (2022)

We propose a distributed optimization framework to generate accurate sparse estimates while allowing an algorithmic solution with guaranteed convergence to a global minimizer. To this end, the proposed problem formulation involves the minimax concave penalty together with an additional penalty called consensus promoting penalty (CPP) that induces convexity to the resulting optimization problem. This problem is solved with an exact first-order proximal gradient algorithm, which employs a pair of proximity operators and is referred to as the distributed proximal and debiasing-gradient (DPD) method. Numerical examples show that CPP not only convexifies the whole cost function, but it also accelerates the convergence speed with respect to the system mismatch.
Predicting Pre-click Quality for Native Advertisements (2016)

Native advertising is a specific form of online advertising where ads replicate the look-and-feel of their serving platform. In such context, providing a good user experience with the served ads is crucial to ensure long-term user engagement. In this work, we explore the notion of ad quality, namely the effectiveness of advertising from a user experience perspective. We design a learning framework to predict the pre-click quality of native ads. More specifically, we look at detecting offensive native ads, showing that, to quantify ad quality, ad offensive user feedback rates are more reliable than the commonly used click-through rate metrics. We then conduct a crowd-sourcing study to identify which criteria drive user preferences in native advertising. We translate these criteria into a set of ad quality features that we extract from the ad text, image and advertiser, and then use them to train a model able to identify offensive ads. We show that our model is very effective in detecting offensive ads, and provide in-depth insights on how different features affect ad quality. Finally, we deploy a preliminary version of such model and show its effectiveness in the reduction of the offensive ad feedback rate.
Computer-extracted Features Can Distinguish Noncancerous Confounding Disease from Prostatic Adenocarcinoma at Multiparametric MR Imaging (2015)

The best features with which to discriminate prostate cancer from noncancerous benign disease depend on the type of benign disease and cancer grade. Use of the best features may result in better diagnostic performance.
Thermal effects in high-power CW second harmonic generation in Mg-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (2008)

We investigated thermal behaviors of single-pass second-harmonic generation of continuous wave green radiation with high efficiency by quasi-phase matching in periodically poled Mg-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPMgSLT). Heat generation turned out to be directly related to the green light absorption in the material. Strong relation between an upper limit of the second harmonic power and confocal parameter was found. Single-pass second-harmonic generation of 16.1 W green power was achieved with 17.6% efficiency in Mg:SLT at room temperature.
Palliative Care for Nephropathic Patients (2015)

A new light has recently been shed on palliative care, especially, on its multidisciplinary approach developed to improve the Quality of life of seriously ill patients and their families.However, palliative care is still often mistakenly referred to as an end-of-life care and wrongly interchanged with hospice care.Nephropathic patients usually present a decrease in expectancy and Quality of life and may benefit from palliative care as opposed to hospice care.Palliative care requires a tight collaboration among different health care professionals, patients and their families, to share diagnosis, prognosis, realistic goals of treatment and therapeutic decisions.Several approaches may be attempted to improve the Quality of life of chronic nephropathic patients, such as palliative dialysis, conservative management and peritoneal dialysis.For example, personalized goals and a wider concept of adequacy of extracorporeal treatment are the bases of palliative dialysis.In specific subgroups of frail patients, the pharmacological conservative management could be more appropriate than extracorporeal treatment, as the former reduces the burdens derived from invasive procedures.Finally, peritoneal dialysis could be an important option for frail patients to avoid an aggressive extracorporeal treatment while maintaining a gentle solute and fluid control.However, only limited evidences are available on palliative and hospice care performed on patients with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).Herein, the main variables affecting the medical decision-making on palliative care in nephropathic patients are described, and the different approaches available to improve quality of palliative care during Chronic and Acute Kidney Injury are analyzed.
Classification of french red wines and monitoring of wine ageing with a portable electronic nose (2021)

Wine is generally produced through viticulture and harvesting, juice separation, fermentation, ageing and bottling. Continuous monitoring and control of the quality of wine in each process is very important to maintain the quality of each production. This paper presents a portable and inexpensive electronic nose and we classify four french red wines and monitor the wine ageing with the electronic nose. The wines are classified by ART2 NN (adaptive resonance theory 2 neural network) with uneven vigilance parameters for classification. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ART2 NN based wine classification method and the ageing of wine is characterized using PCA (principal component analysis).