gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
User Modeling for Task Oriented Dialogues (2018)

We introduce end-to-end neural network based models for simulating users of task-oriented dialogue systems. User simulation in dialogue systems is crucial from two different perspectives: (i) automatic evaluation of different dialogue models, and (ii) training task-oriented dialogue systems. We design a hierarchical sequence-to-sequence model that first encodes the initial user goal and system turns into fixed length representations using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). It then encodes the dialogue history using another RNN layer. At each turn, user responses are decoded from the hidden representations of the dialogue level RNN. This hierarchical user simulator (HUS) approach allows the model to capture undiscovered parts of the user goal without the need of an explicit dialogue state tracking. We further develop several variants by utilizing a latent variable model to inject random variations into user responses to promote diversity in simulated user responses and a novel goal regularization mechanism to penalize divergence of user responses from the initial user goal. We evaluate the proposed models on movie ticket booking domain by systematically interacting each user simulator with various dialogue system policies trained with different objectives and users.
Molded, High Surface Area Polymer Electrolyte Membranes from Cured Liquid Precursors [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 12963−12972]. (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionMolded, High Surface Area Polymer Electrolyte Membranes from Cured Liquid Precursors [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 12963−12972].Zhilian Zhou, Raymond N. Dominey, Jason P. Rolland, Benjamin W. Maynor, Ashish A. Pandya, and Joseph M. DeSimoneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 48, 15547Publication Date (Web):November 9, 2006Publication History Published online9 November 2006Published inissue 1 December 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja069976nCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (31 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
saemix, an R version of the SAEM algorithm for parameter estimation in nonlinear mixed effect models (2012)

saemix, an R version of the SAEM algorithm for parameter estimation in nonlinear mixed effect models
Polyurethane wood adhesive from palm oil-based polyester polyol (2014)

Polyurethane (PU) adhesives for wood bonding were prepared from palm oil-based polyester polyol in a solventless condition that reduces the risk of volatile organic compounds to human health and the environment. The polyester polyol was synthesized from epoxidized palm olein prior to reacting with polymeric 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) to produce wood-bonding PU adhesives. The effect of glycerol cross-linker, dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst and NCO/OH ratio on lap shear strength and pot life of the PU adhesives were studied. The green strength of the PU adhesives was achieved on day 4 for TDI-based adhesives and day 5 for pMDI-based adhesives. The newly formulated PU adhesives have superior chemical resistance in cold water, hot water, acidic medium and alkaline medium by only showing light deterioration (2–8%) in lap shear strength. The PU adhesives prepared from pMDI exhibited higher lap shear strength and thermal stability as compared to adhesives prepared from TDI adduct. Both adhesives have improved mechanical performance (two folds higher in lap shear strength) as compared to commercial wood bonding adhesives.
Monoclonal lupus autoantibody secretion by human-human hybridomas. Selection of hybrids by conventional and novel techniques. (1983)

Autoantibody-secreting hybridomas were produced by somatic cell fusion of B lymphocytes from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus with two different human myeloma lines. Selection of hybrids formed from one of these cell lines was performed by using aminopterine-containing culture medium as this cell line was deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT). The second myeloma line was not HGPRT-deficient but instead was treated with diethylpyrocarbonate, which assured death of unfused myeloma cells. This novel technique has wide applicability. Hybridomas were found to secrete antibodies to native DNA and to extractable nuclear antigen. The binding specificities of one IgM anti-DNA antibody was characterized and found to be specific for double-stranded DNA and had particular binding affinity for poly(dG) . poly(dC).
RalA controls glucose homeostasis by regulating glucose uptake in brown fat (2018)

Insulin increases glucose uptake into adipose tissue and muscle by increasing trafficking of the glucose transporter Glut4. In cultured adipocytes, the exocytosis of Glut4 relies on activation of the small G protein RalA by insulin, via inhibition of its GTPase activating complex RalGAP. Here, we evaluate the role of RalA in glucose uptake in vivo with specific chemical inhibitors and by generation of mice with adipocyte-specific knockout of RalGAPB. RalA was profoundly activated in brown adipose tissue after feeding, and its inhibition prevented Glut4 exocytosis. RalGAPB knockout mice with diet-induced obesity were protected from the development of metabolic disease due to increased glucose uptake into brown fat. Thus, RalA plays a crucial role in glucose transport in adipose tissue in vivo.
Supplementary Material and Method from Inhibition of the Nuclear Export Receptor XPO1 as a Therapeutic Target for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Material and Method&lt;/p&gt;
In vitrometabolism of indiplon and an assessment of its drug interaction potential (2007)

This study was designed to study the in vitro metabolism of indiplon, a novel hypnotic agent, and to assess its potential to cause drug interactions. In incubations with pooled human liver microsomes, indiplon was converted to two major, pharmacologically inactive metabolites, N-desmethyl-indiplon and N-desacetyl-indiplon. The N-deacetylation reaction did not require NADPH, and appeared to be catalyzed by organophosphate-sensitive microsomal carboxylesterases. The N-demethylation of indiplon was catalyzed by CYP3A4/5 based on the following observations: (1) the sample-to-sample variation in N-demethylation of indiplon ([S] = 100 microM) in a bank of human liver microsomes was strongly correlated with testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase (CYP3A4/5) activity (r(2) = 0.98), but not with any other CYP enzyme; (2) recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 had the ability to catalyze this reaction; (3) the N-demethylation of indiplon was inhibited by CYP3A4/5 inhibitors (ketoconazole and troleandomycin), but not by a CYP1A2 inhibitor (furafylline). In pooled human liver microsomes, indiplon exhibited a weak capacity to inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4/5 and carboxylesterase (p-nitrophenylacetate hydrolysis) activities (IC50 >/= 20 microM). Clinical data available on indiplon support the conclusions of this paper that the in vitro metabolism of indiplon is catalyzed by multiple enzymes, and indiplon is a weak inhibitor of human CYP enzymes.
Femtocells for Public Safety Communications (2012)

The increased adoption of rich multimedia solutions in public safety communications is enhancing information sharing for improved situational awareness as well as boosting operational efficiency. However, the aforementioned benefits also place increasingly stringent quality-of-service demands on the underlying network infrastructure. In this chapter, the authors review the added value of utilizing femtocells for various public safety communications scenarios. To that end, a detailed case study on the exploitation of femtocellular resources for emergency telemedicine applications is presented as an illustrative example. Simulations carried out for an Long Term Evolution (LTE) network environment demonstrate significant improvements in terms of achievable throughput for the emergency response personnel when access to subscriber-owned residential LTE Home eNode Bs available in the indoor emergency sites is allowed, compared to the conventional option of accessing only operator-owned macro eNode Bs.
EFFECTS OF MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION ON SPONTANEOUS ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN RATS (2002)

The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat is a commonly used model to evaluate new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, many such studies rely on short-term neurological examination and infarct volume as endpoint measures while neglecting more long-term functional assessments. In this study, we examined whether there were changes in passive avoidance behavior, spontaneous behavioral patterns across the light-dark cycle, and motor coordination as measured on the rotorod test 1 month after Sprague-Dawley rats had undergone MCAO. Compared to age-matched controls, fewer animals in the MCAO group remained on the platform during the passive avoidance retention test (p < .03). Significant differences between the groups were observed in the spontaneous activity during the initial portions of both the light and dark testing periods, when the test situation was new (p < .01 to .05, depending on the variable examined). Any differences on the rotorod test failed to gain statistical significance. These results suggest that at least the passive avoidance test and measures of spontaneous activity are sensitive to ischemia-induced damage over a more prolonged survival period and therefore may be appropriate measures for long-term effectiveness of new treatments.
Kernel feature selection via conditional covariance minimization (2017)

We propose a method for feature selection that employs kernel-based measures of independence to find a subset of covariates that is maximally predictive of the response. Building on past work in kernel dimension reduction, we show how to perform feature selection via a constrained optimization problem involving the trace of the conditional covariance operator. We prove various consistency results for this procedure, and also demonstrate that our method compares favorably with other state-of-the-art algorithms on a variety of synthetic and real data sets.
Labile Catalytic Packaging of DNA/siRNA: Control of Gold Nanoparticles “out” of DNA/siRNA Complexes (2010)

A novel approach was developed to efficiently package and deliver nucleic acids with low generation polypropylenimine (PPI) dendrimers by using Au nanoparticles as a "labile catalytic" packaging agent. The gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) helped low generation dendrimers to package nucleic acids into discrete nanoparticles but are not included in the final DNA/siRNA complexes. Therefore it becomes possible to eliminate the potential toxic problems associated with Au NPs by selectively removing the Au NPs from the resulting nucleic acid complexes before their delivery to targeted cells. This is a new concept in using inorganic engineered nanoparticles in nucleic acid packaging and delivery applications. Furthermore, compared to the siRNA nanostructures (mainly randomly aggregated nanofibers) fabricated by low generation dendrimer alone (Generation 3), the siRNA nanoparticles packaged using this novel approach (by Au NPs modified with G3 PPI) can be internalized by cancer cells and the delivered siRNAs can efficiently silence their target mRNA. The efficiency of mRNA silencing by this novel approach is even superior to higher generation dendrimers (Generation 5).
Performance enhancement of poly(3-hexylthiophene):methanofullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells.: Section Title: Electrochemical, Radiational, and Thermal Energy Technology (2006)

Using a newly developed device model we have studied the effect of controlled thermal annealing on charge transport and photogeneration in bulk-heterojunction solar cells made from blend films of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and methanofullerene (PCBM). With respect to the charge transport, we demonstrate that the hole mobility in the P3HT phase of the blend is dramatically affected by thermal annealing. It increases more than three orders of magnitude, to reach a value up to Ã¢â€°Ë†2 Ãƒâ€” 10-8 m2/(VÃ‚Â·s) after the annealing process, as a result of an improved crystallinity of the film. Slow drying leads to an addnl. 33-fold enhancement of the hole mobility even up to 5.0 Ãƒâ€” 10-7 m2/(VÃ‚Â·s), thereby balancing the transport of electrons and holes in the blend. The resulting redn. of space-charge accumulation enables the use of thick films (Ã¢Ë†Â¼300 nm), absorbing most of the incoming photons, without losses in the fill factor and short-circuit current of the device. As a next step we performed model calcns. to det. the potential of polymer/fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Lowering the polymeric band will lead to a device efficiency exceeding 6%. Tuning the electronic levels of PCBM in such a way that less energy is lost in the electron transfer process enhances the efficiency to values in excess of 8%. Ultimately, with an optimized level tuning, band gap and balanced mobilities polymeric solar cells can reach power conversion efficiencies approaching 11%. [on SciFinder(R)]
Molecular Basis of Cell—Cell Interaction and Signaling in Mesenchymal Chondrogenesis (2004)

Chondrogenesis, the first step in embryonic skeletal development, involves a series of highly regulated events, encompassing recruitment and condensation of mesenchymal chondroprogenitor cells and subsequent differentiation into chondrocytes. This chapter deals with the molecular events contributing to the above processes, specifically cell-cell interactions, cellular signaling pathways, and regulation of gene expression.
Characterization of the Bafilomycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Streptomyces lohii (2013)

New hope for old bones: The plecomacrolide bafilomycin has been explored for decades as an anti-osteoporotic. However, its structural complexity has limited the synthesis of analogues. The cloning of the bafilomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from the environmental isolate Streptomyces lohii opens the door to the production of new analogues through bioengineering.
A 90nm CMOS UWB LNA (2008)

A single-ended two=stage 3.1-10.6 GHz Low Noise Amplifier aimed for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communication is presented. The LNA is fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS process and measures just 0.31×0.41 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including pads. The first stage topology is common-gate, to achieve a wideband input match. The second stage is a common source stage with resistive shunt feedback, to achieve high and flat gain over a wide frequency range. The chip was measured using RF-probes and has a gain of 17.25±1.25 dB, a noise figure of 4.1=9.4 dB, and an input reflection S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> better than -12 dB between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz, while consuming 8.6 mA from a 1V supply.
Industry-grade pulsed fiber laser with 10W output power at 532nm (2006)

We have generated 10 W average power at 532 nm by frequency doubling in the LBO the output of pulsed fiber 1064 nm laser operating at ~1 MHz repetition rate with 1.6 ns pulse duration and over 20 W average power
Battery Power Efficiency of PPM and FSK in Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are usually battery-powered. Hence, energy efficiency is a critical factor in WSNs. Orthogonal modulations suitable for energy-limited WSNs have been investigated under the assumption that batteries are linear and ideal. However, these analyses are not valid when more realistic nonlinear battery models are considered. Based on a general model integrating WSN transmission modules with realistic battery models, we derive two battery power-conserving schemes for M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) and frequency shift keying (FSK). We analyze and compare their battery power efficiencies in various wireless channels. Our results reveal that FSK is more power-efficient than PPM in sparse WSNs, while PPM may outperform FSK in dense WSNs. We also show that in sparse WSNs, the power advantage of FSK over PPM is no more than 3 dB; whereas in dense WSNs, the power advantage of PPM over FSK can be significant.
One-Pot Microwave-Promoted Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes via tert-Butanesulfinyl Imines (2007)

A facile, one-pot method for the synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes via a microwave-promoted, concerted elimination of tert-butanesulfenic acid from tert-butanesulfinyl-protected imines­, is described. The mild reaction conditions exhibit broad functional group compatibility and generate products in good isolated yield (69-87%). This method provides a rapid and mild procedure for the synthesis of various functionalized nitriles.
On the size of antenna cluster in multi-user distributed antenna systems (2008)

In this paper, multi-user distributed antenna systems (DAS) with antennas deployed in clusters are studied. In order to investigate the impact of the size of antenna cluster on the system performance, the mean square access distance (MSAD), which is a function of the size of antenna cluster, is defined as a metric of the system performance. From the analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the metric, we obtain the approximate closed-form expressions for the expectation and relative variance of the MSAD. Accordingly, we find out the semi-quantitative relationship between the size of antenna cluster and the system performance. Moreover, the benefits of the DAS under different cluster size are discussed. The validity of our analysis is well verified by simulations.
Immunogenic Effects of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Surface Antigen Vaccine in Combination with Antiviral Therapy: Breaking of Humoral and Cellular Immune Tolerance in Chronic Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Infection (2002)

Vaccination with WHsAg following treatment with L-FMAU disrupted virus-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune tolerance in chronic WHV infection and enhanced the immune response profiles beyond those seen with monotherapies alone. The combination therapy resulted in immune response profiles that resembled those observed during resolution of WHV infection. The results in woodchucks demonstrate the feasibility of using such a combination therapy for the control of chronic HBV infection in humans.
From Luc and Phot genes to the hospital bed (1990)

The Luc gene from the firefly Photinus pyralis has been isolated by cloning it in pcDV1 PL plasmid primer and Honjo linker and the Phot gene isolated from Aequorea victoria using the polymerase chain reaction. A method has been established using SP6 RNA polymerase for transcribing and translating bioluminescent genes in vitro. It should now be possible to engineer these genes to measure intracellular ATP and the covalent modification of proteins in single, live cells, providing unique insights into the molecular basis of disease.
True positive reduction method for cancer diagnosis based on FDG-PET images (2005)

Now we are studying the computer aided diagnosis method of cancer nodule on the FDG-PET images. This system aims that semi-automatic cancer nodule detection. But this system does not reach the practical use because of some problems. The measure factor of these problems is the over estimation of the true positive shade. In this paper, we propose the reduction method of true positive shades on the FDG-PET images using the image registration method. This procedure is as follows. At first, we calculate the ups and downs of the intensity undulations, and we divide the FDG-PET images into some regions to get the preliminary cancer candidates. On this account we calculate Gauss curvature and mean curvature of an FDG-PET image. The second, we calculate the distance between the interesting image and the other normal image with the image registration method. We use SID method as the image registration. The third, we estimate the preliminary cancer candidate on the FDG-PET image as to normal tissue or abnormal tissue by the SID value and we get the true cancer candidates. We show the availability of this method by showing the results of the reduced true positive.
The emerging role of cancer cell plasticity and cell-cycle quiescence in immune escape (2020)

No abstract available
Femto-macro cellular interference control with subband scheduling and interference cancelation (2010)

A significant technical challenge in deploying fem-tocells is controlling the interference from the underlay of femtos onto the overlay of macros. This paper presents a novel interference control method where the macrocell bandwidth is partitioned into subbands, and the short-range femtocell links adaptively allocate their power across the subbands based on a load-spillage power control method. The scheme can improve rate distribution in the macro network while also providing opportunities for short-range communication as well. Moreover, the proposed scheme requires minimal interference coordination communication between the femtos and macros, which is one of the main challenges in femtocell systems. Also, simulations show certain advantages over simpler orthogonalization schemes or power control schemes without subband partitioning. Further modest gains may also be possible with interference cancelation.
Performance measure and analysis of large TCP window effect in broadband network including GEO satellite network (2003)

TCP is the most commonly used transport protocol in the Intemet. It was initially developed under the assumption that TCP would be used on terrestrial network. However GEO satellite network has some dominant characteristics - long round trip time (the typical long fat network: LFN), channel errors etc. Lots of mechanisms and algorithms have been proposed to improve the TCP in satellite network. TCP window scale option for large TCP window is one of the solutions to improve TCP performance in the long delay networks that include GEO satellite network. The use of large TCP windows in long delay network improves the throughput up to about 90% of theoretically maximum. But the large TCP window generates the burst traffic in short time. Especially in the case of the heterogeneous network that is composed of different physical media and different link-layer control protocols, there are serious packet losses in the intermediate router due to burst traffic. To avoid this situation, we tried two possible solutions. One is to increase buffer size of intermediate routers and the other is to shape the burst traffic of TCP source. We could get the throughput of about 95Mbps that is 95% of the throughput without satellite delay when we used traffic shaping at TCP source.