gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hemolysin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae : Tentative Identification as a Peroxide (1965)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae produces a soluble hemolysin active against guinea pig erythrocytes. This hemolysin appears to be a peroxide, since catalase or peroxidase inhibits its activity. The action of catalase and peroxidase is specific, since heating the enzymes abolishes their effect on the hemolysin. In addition, 3-amino- 1,2,4-triazole, a potent inhibitor of catalase, reverses the inhibitory effect of the enzyme. The hemolysin of M. laidlawii is also a peroxide. The hemolysins of M. pneumoniae and M. laidlawii seem unique for microbial organisms since the bacterial hemolysins which have been described have been protein or lipid in nature.
Improvement of Left Ventricular Wall Synchronization with Multisite Ventricular Pacing in Heart Failure: A Prospective Study Using Doppler Tissue Imaging (2003)

BVP and LVP substantially reduce the EMD temporal dispersion of the four LV walls, but with a longer aortic pre-ejection time for LVP. In RVP, LVP and BVP, the septal LV wall is always activated later than during SpR. BVP and LVP are associated with a mitral regurgitation reduction.
Differential efficacy of SSTR1, -2, and -5 agonists in the inhibition of C6 glioma growth in nude mice (2009)

Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-5) mediate antiproliferative effects. In C6 rat glioma cells, somatostatin is cytostatic in vitro via phosphotyrosine phosphatase-dependent inhibition of ERK1/2 activity mediated by SSTR1, -2, and -5. Here we analyzed the effects of SSTR activation on C6 glioma growth in vivo and the intracellular mechanisms involved, comparing somatostatin effects with selective agonists for SSTR1, -2, and -5 (BIM-23745, BIM-23120, BIM-23206) or receptor biselective compounds (SSTR1 and -2, BIM-23704; and SSTR2 and -5, BIM-23190). Nude mice subcutaneously xenografted with C6 cells were treated with somatostatin, SSTR agonists (50 μg, twice/day), or vehicle. Tumor growth was evaluated every 3 days for 19 days. The intracellular pathways responsible of SSTR effects in vivo were evaluated measuring Ki-67, phospho-ERK1/2, and p27(kip1) expression by immunohistochemistry in sections from explanted tumors. Somatostatin and SSTR1, -2, and -5 agonists strongly inhibited in vivo C6 tumor growth, intratumoral neovessel formation, Ki-67 expression, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and induced upregulation of p27(Kip1), whereas only a modest activation of caspase-3 was observed. Somatostatin (acting on SSTR1, -2, and -5) displayed the highest efficacy; SSTR5 selective agonist showed a stronger effect than SSTR1 agonist, and SSTR2 agonist was less effective. On the other hand, SSTR1 and -2 agonists maximally reduced tumor neovascularization. The combined activation of SSTR1 and -2 showed a synergistic activity, reaching a higher efficacy than BIM-23206, whereas the simultaneous activation of SSTR2 and -5 resulted in a response resembling SSTR5 effects. Thus the simultaneous activation of different SSTRs inhibits glioma cell proliferation in vivo through both direct cytotostatic and antiangiogenic effects.
View-dependent precomputed light transport using nonlinear Gaussian function approximations (2006)

We propose a real-time method for rendering rigid objects with complex view-dependent effects under distant all-frequency lighting. Existing precomputed light transport approaches can render rich global illumination effects, but high-frequency view-dependent effects such as sharp highlights remain a challenge. We introduce a new representation of the light transport operator based on sums of Gaussians. The nonlinear parameters of our representation enable 1) arbitrary bandwidth because scale is encoded as a direct parameter, and 2) high-quality interpolation across view and mesh triangles because we interpolate the mean direction of the Gaussians, thereby preventing linear cross-fading artifacts. However, fitting the precomputed light transport data to this new representation requires solving a nonlinear regression problem that is more involved than traditional linear and nonlinear (truncation) approximation techniques. We present a new data fitting method based on optimization that includes energy terms aimed at enforcing artifact-free interpolation. We demonstrate that our method achieves high visual quality with a small storage cost and an efficient rendering algorithm.
Constitutive deletion of translin (Tsn) enhances locomotor response to amphetamine: Role of developmental effects (2020)

Abstract The translin/trax microRNA-degrading enzyme mediates activity-induced changes in translation that underlie several long-lasting forms of cellular plasticity. As translin and trax are expressed in dopaminergic and striatal neurons, we investigated whether deletion of Tsn blocks amphetamine sensitization, a long-lasting, translation-dependent form of behavioral plasticity. Although we had hypothesized that constitutive Tsn deletion would impair amphetamine sensitization, we found, instead, that it enhances the hyperlocomotion produced by the initial dose of amphetamine. Since these mice display elevated adiposity, which alters pharmacokinetics of many drugs, we measured brain levels of amphetamine in Tsn knockout mice and found that these are elevated. As conditional Tsn deletion in adulthood does not impact adiposity, we monitored the locomotor response to amphetamine following this manipulation. Acute and sensitized responses to amphetamine are not altered in these mice, indicating that the enhanced amphetamine response displayed by constitutive Tsn knockout mice is due to Tsn absence during development.
ChemInform Abstract: A Library Approach to the Generation of Bisubstrate Analogue Sulfotransferase Inhibitors. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantum charge transport in Mo$_{6}$S$_{3}$I$_{6}$ molecular wire circuits (2009)

Charge transport measurements on flexible Mo$_{6}$S$_{3}$I$_{6}$ (MoSI) nanowires with different diameters in highly imperfect 2-terminal circuits reveal systematic power law behaviour of the conductivity $σ(T,V)$ as a function of temperature and voltage. On the basis of measurements on a number of circuits we conclude that the behaviour in \emph{thin} wires can be most convincingly described by tunneling through Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) segments of MoSI wire, which is in some cases modified by environmental Coulomb blockade (ECB). The latter are proposed to arise from deformations or imperfections of the MoSI wires, which - in combination with their recognitive terminal sulfur-based connectivity properties - might be useful for creating sub-nanometer scale interconnects as well as non-linear elements for molecular electronics.
NY-ESO-1 Protein Formulated in ISCOMATRIX Adjuvant Is a Potent Anticancer Vaccine Inducing Both Humoral and CD8+ T-Cell-Mediated Immunity and Protection against NY-ESO-1+ Tumors (2004)

NY-ESO-1 is a 180 amino-acid human tumor antigen expressed by many different tumor types and belongs to the family of "cancer-testis" antigens. In humans, NY-ESO-1 is one of the most immunogenic tumor antigens and NY-ESO-1 peptides have been shown to induce NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) CTLs capable of altering the natural course of NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors in cancer patients. Here we describe the preclinical immunogenicity and efficacy of NY-ESO-1 protein formulated with the ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (NY-ESO-1 vaccine). In vitro, the NY-ESO-1 vaccine was readily taken up by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and on maturation, these human monocyte-derived dendritic cells efficiently cross-presented HLA-A2-restricted epitopes to NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells. In addition, epitopes of NY-ESO-1 protein were also presented on MHC class II molecules to NY-ESO-1-specific CD4(+) T cells. The NY-ESO-1 vaccine induced strong NY-ESO-1-specific IFN-gamma and IgG2a responses in C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, the NY-ESO-1 vaccine induced NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) CTLs in HLA-A2 transgenic mice that were capable of lysing human HLA-A2(+) NY-ESO-1(+) tumor cells. Finally, C57BL/6 mice, immunized with the NY-ESO-1 vaccine, were protected against challenge with a B16 melanoma cell line expressing NY-ESO-1. These data illustrate that the NY-ESO-1 vaccine represents a potent therapeutic anticancer vaccine.
Recurrent integration of human papillomaviruses 16, 45, and 67 near translocation breakpoints in new cervical cancer cell lines. (1999)

Progressive chromosomal changes and integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences mark the development of invasive cervical cancer. Chromosomal localization of HPV integration is essential to the study of genomic regions involved in HPV-induced pathogenesis. Yet, the available information about HPV integration loci is still limited, especially with respect to different HPV types. We have established cell lines from five cervical cancers with HPV-16, HPV-45, and HPV-67. We have determined HPV integration sites and karyotype abnormalities by using the multicolor combined binary ratio-fluorescence in situ hybridization method (Tanke et al.) with 24 chromosome-specific paints in combination with full-length HPV DNA probes. All cell lines were cytogenetically abnormal, and exhibited numerical and structural chromosomal deviations. HPV sequences were integrated at various (segments of) chromosomes. Duplicate integration sites were seen in all multiploid cell lines, suggesting that viral integration had preceded chromosomal endoreduplication. HPV-16 was found near the t(3p14.1-14.3;14) breakpoint in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC)-7 and mainly in episomal form in CSCC-1. HPV-45 was integrated near 3q26-29 in cervical (adeno or adenosquamous) carcinoma (CC)-8 and near 1q21-23 as well as near the t(1q21;22q13) breakpoint in CC-10A and CC-10B variant lines. HPV-67 was localized near the breakpoint of t(3p23-26;13q22-31) in CC-11. Southern blot analysis showed that, except for CSCC-1, the physical state of HPV in the cell lines was the same as in the original tumor lesions. This set of six cervical cancer cell lines included three lines with HPV-45, a major non-Western high-risk HPV type, the first reported HPV-67-positive cell line, and two cell lines with integrated and episomal HPV-16 DNA, respectively. The novel combined binary ratio-fluorescence in situ hybridization technique enabled us to simultaneously map chromosomal rearrangements and HPV integration sites, thereby revealing recurrent integration near translocation junctions for all of these HPV types in the cell lines from three of the five primary tumors. The detection of multiple HPV integration sites at rearranged chromosomes at such high frequency in cervical cancer-derived cells may reflect events that are relevant to the development of cervical cancer.
Experimentally validated multiphysics computational model of focusing and shock wave formation in an electromagnetic lithotripter (2021)

A multiphysics computational model of the focusing of an acoustic pulse and subsequent shock wave formation that occurs during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is presented. In the electromagnetic lithotripter modeled in this work the focusing is achieved via a polystyrene acoustic lens. The transition of the acoustic pulse through the solid lens is modeled by the linear elasticity equations and the subsequent shock wave formation in water is modeled by the Euler equations with a Tait equation of state. Both sets of equations are solved simultaneously in subsets of a single computational domain within the BEARCLAW framework which uses a finite-volume Riemann solver approach. This model is first validated against experimental measurements with a standard (or original) lens design. The model is then used to successfully predict the effects of a lens modification in the form of an annular ring cut. A second model which includes a kidney stone simulant in the domain is also presented. Within the stone the linear elasticity equations incorporate a simple damage model.
Inclusion complexes of triphenylphosphine derivatives and peracetylated-β-cyclodextrin in supercritical carbon dioxide (2008)

The supramolecular chemistry of peracetylated-β-CD (perAc-β-CD) as a host for triphenyphosphine derivatives has been studied in supercritical (scCO2) using UV absorption spectroscopy. It was found that the association constant in scCO2 at 40°C and 300 bar is 10 to 1000 times smaller compared to analogous systems in aqueous solvent. Studies of the thermodynamics of the inclusion process found an enthalpy of association of -30 kJ/mole and an entropy of -55 J/moleK. This difference with respect to water is attributed to the absence of the hydrophobic effect in scCO2 due to the much smaller polarity of scCO2 versus water. To further explore the effect of the solvent on the association constant, values of solvent polarity intermediate between the limits of scCO2 and water could be useful. To this end, methanol is added to the scCO2 as a cosolvent to modify the overall polarity. By taking advantage of the tunability of the supercritical phase, a wide range of solvent polarity can be accessed by varying the temperature (35 to 50°C), pressure (200 to 400 bar), and mole fraction of methanol. This study is pursued to obtain a better comprehension of the inclusion process in CO2-based supercritical fluids to make the association constant of the phosphine-perAc-β-CD system comparable to those observed in aqueous systems.
Perinatal Asphyxia Affects Rat Auditory Processing: Implications for Auditory Perceptual Impairments in Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2010)

Perinatal asphyxia, a naturally and commonly occurring risk factor in birthing, represents one of the major causes of neonatal encephalopathy with long term consequences for infants. Here, degraded spectral and temporal responses to sounds were recorded from neurons in the primary auditory cortex (A1) of adult rats exposed to asphyxia at birth. Response onset latencies and durations were increased. Response amplitudes were reduced. Tuning curves were broader. Degraded successive-stimulus masking inhibitory mechanisms were associated with a reduced capability of neurons to follow higher-rate repetitive stimuli. The architecture of peripheral inner ear sensory epithelium was preserved, suggesting that recorded abnormalities can be of central origin. Some implications of these findings for the genesis of language perception deficits or for impaired language expression recorded in developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, contributed to by perinatal asphyxia, are discussed.
Structure and reaction mechanism for the monoacid diol polyester from caprolactone and 2,2′‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid: NMR and melting‐point evidence (2001)

Abstract The product distribution in the synthesis of acidic hydroxypolyesters from a 6/1 mol ratio of caprolactone and 2,2′‐bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA) changes with reaction time and temperature. 13 C‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals were identified that are specific for all the possible substitution products around the quaternary carbon in the DMPA. This allows quantitative determination of the six different species that are present. NMR studies showed that over one‐half of the product is substituted on only one of the DMPA hydroxyls. The residual DMPA concentration increases at times and temperatures higher than those required to just complete caprolactone conversion because of equilibration of the kinetic product. All process conditions produced polyesters with two melting points. This suggests that the monosubstituted and disubstituted families of oligomers which are present are not completely miscible with one another. Polyester melting points increase as reaction time and temperature increase. This indicates that the degree of polymerization of the polycaprolactone arms increases as the severity of the preparative condition increases. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2217–2226, 2001
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli gains a competitive advantage by using ethanolamine as a nitrogen source in the bovine intestinal content (2010)

The bovine gastrointestinal tract is the main reservoir for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) responsible for food-borne infections. Characterization of nutrients that promote the carriage of these pathogens by the ruminant would help to develop ecological strategies to reduce their survival in the bovine gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we show for the first time that free ethanolamine (EA) constitutes a nitrogen source for the O157:H7 EHEC strain EDL933 in the bovine intestinal content because of induction of the eut (ethanolamine utilization) gene cluster. In contrast, the eut gene cluster is absent in the genome of most species constituting the mammalian gut microbiota. Furthermore, the eutB gene (encoding a subunit of the enzyme that catalyses the release of ammonia from EA) is poorly expressed in non-pathogenic E. coli. Accordingly, EA is consumed by EHEC but is poorly metabolized by endogenous microbiota of the bovine small intestine, including commensal E. coli. Interestingly, the capacity to utilize EA as a nitrogen source confers a growth advantage to E. coli O157:H7 when the bacteria enter the stationary growth phase. These data demonstrate that EHEC strains take advantage of a nitrogen source that is not consumed by the resident microbiota, and suggest that EA represents an ecological niche favouring EHEC persistence in the bovine intestine.
Templates for 3D Object Pose Estimation Revisited: Generalization to New Objects and Robustness to Occlusions (2022)

We present a method that can recognize new objects and estimate their 3D pose in RGB images even under partial occlusions. Our method requires neither a training phase on these objects nor real images depicting them, only their CAD models. It relies on a small set of training objects to learn local object representations, which allow us to locally match the input image to a set of "templates", rendered images of the CAD models for the new objects. In contrast with the state-of-the-art methods, the new objects on which our method is applied can be very different from the training objects. As a result, we are the first to show generalization without retraining on the LINEMOD and Occlusion-LINEMOD datasets. Our analysis of the failure modes of previous template-based approaches further confirms the benefits of local features for template matching. We outperform the state-of-the-art template matching methods on the LINEMOD, Occlusion-LINEMOD and T-LESS datasets. Our source code and data are publicly available at https://github.com/nv-nguyen/template-pose
LiDAR Based Obstacle detection for Snow Groomers (2020)

This paper presents an obstacle detection system for snow groomers. The system is based on a 2D solid-states LiDAR sensor mounted on the top of the cabin. The measurements describe the surrounding environment through an Occupancy Grid framework, which is extended for this particular case study. The proposed approach set the occupancy probability of the surrounding environment based on the expected height of the obstacle. The method is extensively analyzed through experimental test on a snow groomer.
The acid-base effects of peritoneal dialysis (1999)

In patients without functioning kidneys, alkali replenishment is accomplished by the addition of either HCO3- itself or a metabolic precursor of this anion, such as lactate, via dialysis solution. The body-base balance in peritoneal dialysis patients is self-regulated by the feedback between plasma bicarbonate concentration and dialytic base gain. Dialytic base gain is the only source of buffer for peritoneal dialysis patients, and this gain should counteract the metabolic acid production. Dialytic base gain depends on peritoneal buffer fluxes (lactate reabsorption minus bicarbonate lost). The level of plasma bicarbonate is determined by the dialytic base gain and the metabolic acid production. Bicarbonate buffered peritoneal dialysis solution provides some advantages to the conventional lactate buffered peritoneal dialysis solution, particularly in acute patients.
Detection of surface defects and servo signal restoration for a compact disc player (2006)

Compact disc (CD) players have been on the market for more than two decades, and the involved technologies, including control are very mature. Some problems, however, still remain with respect to playing CDs having to surface defects like scratches and fingerprints. Two servo control loops are used to keep the optical pick-up unit (OPU) focused and radially locked to the information track of the CD. The problem is to design servo controllers which are well suited for both handling surface defects and disturbances like mechanical shocks. The handling of surface defects requires a low-controller bandwidth which is in conflict with the requirement for the handling of disturbances. This control problem can be solved by the use of a fault tolerant control strategy, where the fault detection is very important. The OPU feeds the controllers with detector signals. Based on these, focus and radial distances can be estimated and a pair of residuals can be computed. This paper introduces a model-based method to estimate focus and radial distances as well as residuals, which have the potential to improve the control of a CD player in case of a surface defect. The methods are applied to experimental data of a scratch. The results of this experimental work show the potential of the method.
Visual Appearance of Matte Surfaces (1995)

All visual sensors, biological and artificial, are finite in resolution by necessity. As a result, the effective reflectance of surfaces in a scene varies with magnification. A reflectance model for matte surfaces is described that incorporates the effect of macroscopic surface undulations on image brightness. The model takes into account complex physical phenomena such as masking, shadowing, and interreflections between points on the surface, and it predicts the appearance of a wide range of natural surfaces. The implications of these results for human vision, machine vision, and computer graphics are demonstrated with both real and rendered images of three-dimensional objects. In particular, objects with extremely rough surfaces produce silhouette images devoid of shading, precluding visual perception of the object's shape.
Biomimetic bonelike composites and novel bioactive glass coatings (2005)

Metallic orthopaedic implants have been successfully used for decades but they have serious shortcomings related to their osseointegration and the fact that their mechanical properties do not match those of bone. This paper reviews recent advances in the fabrication of novel coatings to improve implant osseointegration and in the development of a new generation of hybrid organic-inorganic implant materials specifically designed for orthopaedic applications.
Phase-matched optical parametric conversion of ultrashort pulses in a hollow waveguide (1998)

We demonstrate for the first time nonresonant phase-matched frequency conversion of ultrashort pulses in gases. Broad-bandwidth ultrafast pulses, tunable around 270 nm, were generated from a Ti:sapphire amplifier system using 2ω+2ω−ω parametric wave mixing in a capillary waveguide. Both the fundamental and the second-harmonic light were coupled into the lowest-order (EH11) mode. The output pulses have an energy >4μJ at a 1kHz repetition rate, in the EH11 spatial mode. This method can be made to generate 10–20fs pulses, and is the first phase-matching technique which is applicable to frequency conversion into the deep- and vacuum-ultraviolet regions of the spectrum.