gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skin-temperature variability indicates vascular sympathetic activity (2002)

Measurement of skin temperature in normal human subjects using high-resolution system revealed low amplitude temperature fluctuations (40/spl times/10/sup -3//spl deg/C) designated as 'Temperature Variability' (TV). The raw signal was filtered to extract this oscillatory component. Spectral analysis of the filtered signal revealed that most of the energy was in the range 0.01-0.04 Hz. Power spectra of temperature variability and pulse pressure amplitude were compared. Both of the signals exhibited similar peak frequency and similar stress-related response. Stress-related changes of TV power spectrum were similar to changes of power in the spectrum of heart rate variability in the same frequency range. The TV signal showed greater sensitivity to stress than mean temperature that is the presently used variable. The TV phenomenon was attributed to vasomotor activity primarily mediated by sympathetic tone.
Study of Biologically Inspired Flapping Mechanism for Micro Air Vehicles (2011)

This paper explores the design of a flapping mechanism inspired by the insect thorax. A two-degree-of-freedom model of the insect thorax is developed that governs the flapping and rotational (pitching) motions of the wing. The wing kinematics are optimized experimentally using a dynamically scaled wing driven by a robotic flapper. Next, optimal parameters of the thorax model are determined in order to generate the optimal wing kinematics. For this purpose, analytical methods as well as numerical optimization are used. This analysis also reveals the significance of the mechanical design of the insect wing in improving aerodynamic performance. A prototype mechanism is developed based on the thorax model. Experimental evaluation of the mechanism shows good agreement with theoretical results. Additionally, the design is very simple and shows substantial lift generation capability. Copyright ?? 2011 by Zaeem A. Khan and Sunil K. Agrawal. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
Real-time monitoring of blood clots in extracorporeal life support by intelligent platelet aggregate characterizer (2021)

In COVID-19 therapy with artificial lungs such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) machines, platelets in the extracorporeal circulation are often activated by their contact with the artificial materials, leading to the formation of blood clots followed by serious complications such as stroke and heart attack. However, anticoagulation and antithrombotic management is challenging due to the lack of testing tools to evaluate the circulation. Here we demonstrate real-time monitoring of thrombogenesis in the circulation of an ECMO-equipped goat with an intelligent platelet aggregate characterizer (iPAC), which is based on imaging flow cytometry and deep-learning-based analysis of numerous platelet aggregates in blood.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Characterization of a Single-Site MoO2 Catalytic Center Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide (2021)

Molecularly derived single-site heterogeneous catalysts can bridge the understanding and performance gaps between conventional homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, guiding the rational design of next-generation catalysts. While impressive advances have been made with well-defined oxide supports, the structural complexity of other supports and the nature of the grafted surface species present an intriguing challenge. In this study, single-site Mo(═O)<sub>2</sub> species grafted onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO/MoO<sub>2</sub>) are characterized by XPS, DRIFTS, powder XRD, N<sub>2</sub> physisorption, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, aqueous contact angle, active site poisoning assay, Mo EXAFS, model compound single-crystal XRD, DFT, and catalytic performance. NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD reveals that the anchored MoO<sub>2</sub> moiety is not strongly acidic, while Mo 3d<sub>5/2</sub> XPS assigns the oxidation state as Mo(VI), and XRD shows little rGO periodicity change on MoO<sub>2</sub> grafting. Contact angle analysis shows that MoO<sub>2</sub> grafting consumes rGO surface polar groups, yielding a more hydrophobic surface. The rGO/MoO<sub>2</sub> DRIFTS assigns features at 959 and 927 cm<sup>-1</sup> to the symmetric and antisymmetric Mo═O stretching modes, respectively, of an isolated <i>cis</i>-(O═Mo═O) moiety, in agreement with DFT computation. Moreover, the Mo EXAFS rGO/MoO<sub>2</sub> structural data are consistent with isolated (C-O)<sub>2</sub>-Mo(═O)<sub>2</sub> species having two Mo═O bonds and two Mo-O bonds at distances of 1.69(3) and 1.90(3) Å, respectively. rGO/MoO<sub>2</sub> is also more active than the previously reported AC/MoO<sub>2</sub> catalyst, with reductive carbonyl coupling TOFs approaching 1.81 × 10<sup>3</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. rGO/MoO<sub>2</sub> is environmentally robust and multiply recyclable with 69 ± 2% of the Mo sites catalytically significant. Overall, rGO/MoO<sub>2</sub> is a structurally well-defined and versatile single-site Mo(VI) dioxo heterogeneous catalytic system.
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Reverse Osmosis Desalination System Using Forward Osmosis for Energy Recovery (2012)

Thermodynamic analysis is applied to assess the energy efficiency of hybrid desalination cycles that are driven by simultaneous mixed inputs, including heat, electrical work, and chemical energy. A seawater desalination cycle using work and a chemical input stream is analyzed using seawater properties. Two system models, a reversible separator and an irreversible component based model, are developed to find the least work required to operate the system with and without osmotic recovery. The component based model represents a proposed desalination system which uses a reverse osmosis membrane for solute separation, a pressure exchanger for recovering a fraction of the flow work associated with the pressurized discharge brine, and a forward osmosis (FO) module for recovering some of the chemical energy contained within the concentrated discharge brine. The energy attained by the addition of the chemical input stream serves to lower the amount of electrical work required for operation. For this analysis, a wastewater stream of varying solute concentration, ranging from feed to brackish water salinity, is considered as the chemical stream. Unlike other models available in the literature, the FO exchanger is numerically simulated as a mass exchanger of given size which accounts for changing stream concentration, and consequently, stream-wise variations of osmotic pressure throughout the length of the unit. A parametric study is performed on the models by varying input conditions. For the reversible case it is found that significant work reductions can be made through the use of an energy recovery device when the inlet wastewater salinity used is less than the feed salinity of 35 g/kg. For the irreversible case with a typical recovery ratio and feed salinity, significant work reductions were only noted for a wastewater inlet of less than half of the feed salinity due to pump work losses. In the irreversible case, the use of a numerical model to simulate the FO exchanger resulted in a maximum work reduction when the pressure difference between streams was around one half of the osmotic pressure difference as opposed to the precise value of one half found in zero-dimensional exchanger models.
The Antibacterial Activity of Honey (1992)

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand Introduction Honey is gaining acceptance by the medical profession for use as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of ulcers and bed sores, and other surface infections resulting from burns and wounds 4,135 . In many cases it is being used with success on infections not responding to standard antibiotic and antiseptic therapy. Its effectiveness in rapidly clearing up infection and promoting healing is not surprising in light of the large number of research findings on its antibacterial activity, covered in Part 1 of this review (Bee World 73(1): 5-28, 1992).
Ara-C scheduling: Theoretical and experimental considerations (1982)

In this paper, we discuss the cytokinetic basis for optimization of cancer therapy in humans. Specifically, we define a quantitative procedure for determination of the therapeutic acceptability of therapy schedule, discuss studies of the therapeutic gain that might result from treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) with cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), and indicate the kinds of cytokinetic information necessary for therapy scheduling. These studies suggest 1) that substantial therapeutic improvements may result from optimal therapy scheduling, 2) that therapy schedules selected at random are not likely to be beneficial, and 3) that consideration of the cytokinetic properties of the dose limiting normal tissues is critical during therapy design. We also discuss experimental studies of the response to Ara-C of the murine KHT sarcoma. These studies illustrate the substantial cytokinetic changes occur during therapy (e.g., a substantial increase in cell cycle traverse rate and almost complete recruitment) and show the importance of obtaining mid-treatment cytokinetic information about normal and malignant tissues.
Linking sequence to function in drug design with ancestral sequence reconstruction (2007)

Abstract Many bioactive peptides and proteins of pharmaceutical interest are found in animal venoms. Nature often reuses scaffolds within protein frameworks to develop new properties. The binding core of the peptide from venomous animals is conserved through species (built on a small number of permissive scaffolds). The same scaffolds are often found in nature in protein, performing other non-toxic functions, and it is likely that such conserved motifs are the result of divergent evolution from a common ancestor protein framework via gene duplication. This chapter describes the use of ancestral sequence reconstruction to identify and reconstruct the evolutionary history of important physiological protein and peptide and to connect their common ancestor to certain venom peptides and proteins. This process helps with identifying which amino acids are important for functioning and which ultimately can be used to engineer new bioactive peptide with tailor made properties.
Inhibition of Multiphase Wet Gas Corrosion (2000)

Abstract Corrosion rates at the top and bottom of the pipe have been measured in wet gas multiphase flow at carbon dioxide partial pressures of 0.46 MPa and 0.79 MPa and temperatures of 40 C and 60 C in a high pressure 10-cm diameter system. Gas velocities up to 30 m/s and liquid velocities up to 0.5 m/s were used. The liquid consisted of a mixture of de-ionized water and low viscosity oil at two water cuts of 80% and 40%, and carbon dioxide was used in the gas phase. Corrosion inhibition studies were carried out at 50 ppm and 100 ppm dosage levels. The inhibitor used was an oleic imidazoline active compound dissolved in isopropyl alcohol and water. The corrosion rate was found to increase with increase in gas velocity, liquid velocity, temperature and CO2 partial pressure. The corrosion rate at the top of the pipe is negligible up to a gas velocity of 20 m/s. However, at a gas velocity of 30 m/s, there is substantial and measurable corrosion at the top of the pipe. This was attributed to wave spreading. Addition of inhibitors reduced the corrosion rate at the top and bottom of the pipe significantly. However, the corrosion rates are not negligible.
Repair of Tears of the Subscapularis (2006)

BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff tears involving the subscapularis are less common than those involving the superior aspect of the rotator cuff. The purpose of the present study was to report the results of repair of isolated tears of the subscapularis. METHODS: The records on eighty-four shoulders that had undergone open repair of the subscapularis tendon were reviewed. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 53.2 years. The mean interval from the onset of symptoms to the time of surgery was 12.5 months. Fifty-seven tears were traumatic, and twenty-seven were degenerative. Twenty-three tears involved the superior one-third of the subscapularis tendon, forty-one tears involved the superior two-thirds, and twenty tears were complete. Fifty-four shoulders had a dislocation or subluxation of the long head of the biceps tendon, and ten shoulders had a rupture of the long head of the biceps tendon. Forty-eight shoulders underwent concomitant biceps tenodesis, thirteen shoulders underwent concomitant biceps tenotomy, and four shoulders underwent concomitant recentering of the biceps. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a mean of forty-five months (range, twenty-four to 132 months) postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean Constant score increased from 55.0 points preoperatively to 79.5 points postoperatively. Seventy-five patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the result. Preoperatively, four shoulders had mild glenohumeral arthritis. Postoperatively, twenty-five shoulders had mild glenohumeral arthritis and two shoulders had moderate glenohumeral arthritis. Tenodesis or tenotomy of the biceps tendon at the time of subscapularis repair was associated with improved subjective and objective results, independent of the preoperative condition of the biceps tendon. CONCLUSIONS: Repair of isolated subscapularis tears yields acceptable improvement in shoulder function in selected patients. Additionally, the results of the present study support routine tenodesis or tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon at the time of subscapularis repair.
Supplementary Figure 4 from MicroRNA Alterations of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias (2023)

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LP‐925219 maximizes urinary glucose excretion in mice by inhibiting both renal SGLT1 and SGLT2 (2015)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral anti-diabetic agents that improve glycemic control by inhibiting SGLT2-mediated renal glucose reabsorption. Currently available agents increase urinary glucose excretion (UGE) to <50% of maximal values because they do not inhibit SGLT1, which reabsorbs >50% of filtered glucose when SGLT2 is completely inhibited. This led us to test whether LP-925219, a small molecule dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor, increases UGE to maximal values in wild-type (WT) mice. We first tested LP-925219 inhibition of glucose transport by HEK293 cells expressing SGLT1 or SGLT2, and then characterized LP-925219 pharmacokinetics. We found that LP-925219 was a potent inhibitor of mouse SGLT1 (IC50 = 22.6 nmol/L) and SGLT2 (IC50 = 0.5 nmol/L), and that a 10 mg/kg oral dose was bioavailable (87%) with a long half-life (7 h). We next delivered LP-925219 by oral gavage to WT, SGLT1 knockout (KO), SGLT2 KO, and SGLT1/SGLT2 double KO (DKO) mice and measured their 24-h UGE. We found that, in vehicle-treated mice, DKO UGE was maximal and SGLT2 KO, SGLT1 KO, and WT UGEs were 30%, 2%, and 0.2% of maximal, respectively; we also found that LP-925219 dosed at 60 mg/kg twice daily increased UGE of SGLT1 KO, SGLT2 KO, and WT mice to DKO UGE levels. These findings show that orally available dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors can maximize 24-h UGE in mammals, and suggest that such agents merit further evaluation for their potential, in diabetic patients, to achieve better glycemic control than is achieved using selective SGLT2 inhibitors.
Oxidation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons using Ruthenium‐Ion‐Catalyzed Oxidation: The Role of Aromatic Ring Number in Reaction Kinetics and Product Distribution (2017)

Oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons with differing numbers of fused aromatic rings (2-5), have been studied in two solvent environments (monophasic and biphasic) using ruthenium-ion-catalyzed oxidation (RICO). RICO reduces the aromaticity of the polyaromatic core of the molecule in a controlled manner by selective oxidative ring opening. Moreover, the nature of the solvent system determines the product type and distribution, for molecules with more than two aromatic rings. Competitive oxidation between substrates with different numbers of aromatic rings has been studied in detail. It was found that the rate of polyaromatic hydrocarbon oxidation increases with the number of fused aromatic rings. A similar trend was also identified for alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons. The proof-of-concept investigation provides new insight into selective oxidation chemistry for upgrading of polyaromatic molecules.
Two New Diterpenoids from Ballota limbata. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nuclear Receptor Signaling: A Home for Nuclear Receptor and Coregulator Signaling Research (2014)

The field of nuclear receptor and coregulator signaling has grown into one of the most active and interdisciplinary in eukaryotic biology. Papers in this field are spread widely across a vast number of journals, which complicates the task of investigators in keeping current with the literature in the field. In 2003, we launched Nuclear Receptor Signaling as an Open Access reviews, perspectives and methods journal for the nuclear receptor signaling field. Building on its success and impact on the community, we have added primary research and dataset articles to this list of article categories, and we now announce the re-launch of the journal this month. Here we will summarize the rationale that informed the creation and expansion of the journal, and discuss the possibilities for its future development.
PREREQUISITES FOR AFFECTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING (ASP) - Part V - A Response to Comments and Suggestions (2011)

In four papers, a set of eleven prerequisites for affective signal processing (ASP) were identified (van den Broek et al., 2010): validation, triangulation, a physiology-driven approach, contributions ofthe signal processing community, identification of users, theoretical specification, integration of biosignals, physical characteristics, historical perspective, temporal construction, and real-world baselines. Additionally, a review (in two parts) of affective computingwas provided. Initiated by the reactions on these four papers, we now present: i) an extension of the review, ii) a post-hoc analysis based on the eleven prerequisites of Picard et al.(2001), and iii) a more detailed discussion and illustrations of temporal aspects with ASP.
Active-Ray Tracing for 3D Medical Imaging (1987)

Large quantities of three-dimensional (3D) information are produced by 3D medical imaging techniques such as CT and MRI, in the form of digital volumes (DV). We propose a new approach to help a human observer to visualize these volumes. This approach is based on the idea that, in order to achieve true user-interaction, segmentation and visualization should not be treated separately. This is achieved by introducing active ray tracing, a method inspired by ray tracing but working directely on unsegmented digital volumes. Segmentation takes place as the active rays penetrate through the volume.
Physicochemical and functional characterization of a biosimilar adalimumab ZRC-3197 (2014)

Abstract: ZRC-3197 has been developed indigenously by Cadila Healthcare Ltd as a biosimilar adalimumab of originator HUMIRA ® . Biosimilarity has been demonstrated with a comprehensive set of state-of-the-art analytical techniques to characterize the physicochemical and functional properties of ZRC-3197 in comparison with originator HUMIRA ® . The biosimilar ZRC-3197 showed indistinguishable primary and secondary structures with similar level of purity and heterogeneity as compared to that of the originator product. When analyzed, in parallel, the two products were observed to show a high degree of sameness of the carbohydrate structure and charge heterogeneity profile. Both biosimilar ZRC-3197 and the originator HUMIRA ® appeared to show highly comparable key functional properties, as assessed by in vitro cell-based assay and surface plasmon resonance technique. The biosimilar ZRC-3197 exhibited highly similar tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing activity as well as binding affinity for FcγRIIIa receptor compared to that of the originator product. The biosimilar ZRC-3197 was observed to show similar level of efficacy and safety profile in rheumatoid arthritis patients, when submitted to a head-to-head double-blind trial, in India, with the originator (reference) product, HUMIRA ® . Based on the demonstrated biosimilarity, market authorization has been granted for ZRC-3197, as a biosimilar of originator HUMIRA ® , in India. Here, we report the characterization of physicochemical and functional properties of the biosimilar ZRC-3197 and originator HUMIRA ® . Keywords: adalimumab, biosimilars, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
Friedel‐crafts acylalion of 3‐carboxymethylbenzo[B] thiophenes, LIS‐nmr and HOMO study of regioselectivity (1979)

Abstract 3‐Carboxymethylbenzo[ b ] thiophenes give on benzoylation and acetylation, two pairs of isomers, 2/3 and 4/5, respectively. It is determined by the combined nmr spectroscopic analysis (360 MHz and calculated spectra, LIS‐nmr) and HOMO calculations of the electron densities on positively charged 1, that 2 and 4 are 4‐substituted, while 3 and 5 are 6‐substituted isomers.
Specificity of human bactericidal antibodies against PorA P1.7,16 induced with a hexavalent meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine (1996)

A set of isogenic strains was constructed from the meningococcal reference strain H44/76 (B:15:P1.7,16) which differed only in their outer membrane protein (OMP) compositions. First, three isogenic strains lacking the expression of either class 3 (PorB) or class 4 (RmpM) OMP or both were obtained. Second, three isogenic class 1 OMP loop-deficient strains of H44/76 lacking the predicted loop 1 or 4 or both of class 1 OMP (PorA) were obtained. Third, three isogenic class 1 OMP strains which differed by point mutations in the predicted loop 4 of subtype P1.16 were constructed. Strains were constructed through transformation with gene constructs made in Escherichia coli and their homologous recombination into the meningococcal chromosome. This study describes the contribution of one of the six class 1 OMPs, PorA P1.7,16, in the development of bactericidal antibodies after a single immunization of adult volunteers with 50 or 100 micrograms of protein within a hexavalent PorA outer membrane vesicle vaccine. PorA-, PorB-, and RpmM-deficient isogenic strains were used to define the human immune response against PorA. The loop-deficient isogenic strains were used to define the contribution of loops 1 and 4 of PorA in the development of bactericidal anti-PorA antibodies. The isogenic strains carrying a point mutation in loop 4 were used to study the cross-reactivity of the induced bactericidal antibodies against target strains showing microheterogeneity. The results indicate that a single immunization with the hexavalent PorA vaccine induced a dose-dependent bactericidal immune response, which is directed mainly against PorA. The epitope specificity of antibodies is directed mostly against loop 1, although loop 4 and as-yet-unidentified epitopes of PorA P1.7,16 are also involved.
Suspended Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Self-aligned Evaporation Masks (2003)

We describe the nanofabrication study of self-aligned electrodes on suspended multiwalled carbon nanotube structures. When metal is deposited on a suspended multiwalled carbon nanotube structure, the nanotube acts as an evaporation mask, resulting in the formation of discontinuous electrodes. The metal deposits on the nanotubes are removed with lift-off. Using Al sacrificial layers, it was possible to fabricate self-aligned contact electrodes and control electrodes nanometers from the suspended carbon nanotubes with a single lithography step. It was also shown that the fabrication technique may also be used to form nano-gapped contact electrodes. The technique should prove useful for the fabrication of nano-electromechanical systems.