gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Renal Failure and Dialysis on the Serum Concentration of the Aminoglycoside Amikacin (1976)

Serum and dialysate levels of amikacin were determined at appropriate intervals after a 300-mg intravenous dose as a continuous infusion in six patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis and in three patients on peritoneal dialysis. The mean serum half-life of amikacin was 3.75 h during (or after) hemodialysis and 29 h during (or after) peritoneal dialysis. Although not on hemodialysis in the same six patients, the serum half-life was 28 h. The results indicate that the maintenance dose of amikacin should be markedly decreased in patients with severe renal failure even if they are treated with peritoneal dialysis, and that serial serum antibiotic concentrations are essential to prevent cumulative toxicity of the drug.
Study on thermoplastic polyurethane/montmorillonite nanocomposites (2007)

Abstract The thermoplastic polyurethane/montmorillonite (TPU/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation. The structure and property of the TPU/MMT nanocomposites were studied by XRD, TEM, TG, Molau test, and mechanical property measurement. The interlayer spacing between the MMT platelets in TPU/MMT nanocomposites blended for 10 and 15 min was the same. The silicate platelets were dispersed in TPU matrix on 5–15 nm scale for TPU/MMT nanocomposites. The interface interaction between the silicate layers and TPU matrix for TPU/MMT nanocomposites was strong. Compared to those of pure TPU, the tensile strength and tear strength of the TPU/MMT nanocomposites increased. The tensile strength and tear strength of the TPU/MMT nanocomposites decreased with increasing blending time because of the degradation of the TPU matrix. The thermal stability of the TPU/MMT nanocomposites was lower than that of the pure TPU in the first step, whereas in the second step, the TPU/MMT nanocomposites showed higher thermal stability. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Performance Analysis of SWIPT Relaying Systems in the Presence of Impulsive Noise (2018)

We develop an analytical framework to characterize the effect of impulsive noise on the performance of relay-assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) systems. We derive novel closed-form expressions for the pairwise error probability considering two variants based on the availability of channel state information (CSI), namely, blind relaying and CSI-assisted relaying. We further consider two energy harvesting (EH) techniques, i.e., instantaneous EH (IEH) and average EH (AEH). Capitalizing on the derived analytical results, we present a detailed numerical investigation of the diversity order for the underlying scenarios under the impulsive noise assumption. For the case when two relays and the availability of a direct link, it is demonstrated that the considered SWIPT system with blind AEH-relaying is able to achieve an asymptotic diversity order of less than 3, which is equal to the diversity order achieved by CSI-assisted IEH-relaying. This result suggests that, by employing the blind AEH relaying, the power consumption of the network can be reduced, due to eliminating the need of CSI estimation. This can be achieved without any performance loss. Our results further show that placing the relays close to the source can significantly mitigate the detrimental effects of impulsive noise. Extensive Monte Carlo simulation results are presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed analytical framework.
Myrigalone A Inhibits Lepidium sativum Seed Germination by Interference with Gibberellin Metabolism and Apoplastic Superoxide Production Required for Embryo Extension Growth and Endosperm Rupture (2011)

Myrica gale L. (sweet gale) fruit leachate contains myrigalone A (MyA), a rare C-methylated dihydrochalcone and putative allelochemical, which is known to be a phytotoxin impeding seedling growth. We found that MyA inhibited Lepidium sativum L. seed germination in a dose-dependent manner. MyA did not affect testa rupture, but inhibited endosperm rupture and the transition to subsequent seedling growth. MyA inhibited micropylar endosperm cap (CAP) weakening and the increase in the growth potential of the radical/hypocotyl region (RAD) of the embryo, both being key processes required for endosperm rupture. We compared the contents of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins in the tissues and found that the major bioactive forms of gibberellin in L. sativum seed tissues were GA(4) and GA(6), while GA(8) and GA(13) were abundant inactive metabolites. MyA did not appreciably affect the ABA contents, but severely interfered with gibberellin metabolism and signaling by inhibiting important steps catalyzed by GA3 oxidase, as well as by interfering with the GID1-type gibberellin signaling pathway. The hormonally and developmentally regulated formation of apoplastic superoxide radicals is important for embryo growth. Specific zones within the RAD were associated with accumulation of apoplastic superoxide radicals and endoreduplication indicative of embryo cell extension. MyA negatively affected both of these processes and acted as a scavenger of apoplastic reactive oxygen species. We propose that MyA is an allelochemical with a novel mode of action on seed germination.
Convergence of three steroid receptor pathways in the mediation of nongenotoxic hepatocarcinogenesis (1996)

The mechanisms by which peroxisome proliferators are able to regulate metabolic processes such as fat metabolism, while at the same time creating an environment for the development of hepatocellular carcinomas, is a central issue in the non-genotoxic carcinogenesis field. The convergence of two members of the steroid receptor family (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PPAR; and retinoid X receptor, RXR) has provided strong support for an oxidative stress component in this carcinogenesis process, but has yet to define clearly a pathway for the classical tumor promotion events associated with peroxisome proliferation. The findings presented here integrate a third member of the steroid receptor family into this process and suggest a novel autocrine loop and mechanism for creating both oxidative stress and tumor promotion. A central regulatory component in this pathway is farnesol which has recently been shown to induce transcription mediated by the steroid receptor family member, farnesoid X receptor (FXR). In this report, it is clearly demonstrated that farnesol can also upregulate the transcriptional events of PPAR, but most likely through a different farnesoid metabolite, resulting in the regulation of an entirely different set of genetic components. Deregulation of the activities of these receptors offers a provocative mechanism for explaining the hepatocarcinogenic effects of peroxisome proliferators in chronically treated rodents.
Rankine cycle load limiting through use of a recuperator bypass (2023)

A system for converting heat from an engine into work includes a boiler coupled to a heat source for transferring heat to a working fluid, a turbine that transforms the heat into work, a condenser that transforms the working fluid into liquid, a recuperator with one flow path that routes working fluid from the turbine to the condenser, and another flow path that routes liquid working fluid from the condenser to the boiler, the recuperator being configured to transfer heat to the liquid working fluid, and a bypass valve in parallel with the second flow path. The bypass valve is movable between a closed position, permitting flow through the second flow path and an opened position, under high engine load conditions, bypassing the second flow path.
Preschool children's vision screening in New Zealand: a retrospective evaluation of referral accuracy (2015)

The B4 School Check generated numerous false positive referrals and consequently had a low PPV. There is scope for reducing costs by altering the visual acuity criterion for referral.
Immune Privilege and Tolerance – Therapeutic Antibody Approaches (2009)

The discovery of monoclonal antibodies by Kohler and Milstein in 1975 sparked the generation of novel drugs that could be used to antagonize functional receptors of the immune system. The anti-CD3 antibody, OKT3, was the first of these drugs to be exploited clinically in the treatment of acute allograft rejection. Although the antibody was efficacious, neutralizing immunogenicity and, in particular, the often severe “flu-like” cytokine-release syndrome associated with initial doses of the antibody limited its application to other indications. As a consequence, the emergence of other immune-modulating CD3 or T cell-directed antibodies as therapeutics took a surprisingly long time. Three scientific developments rekindled interest in immune-modulating therapeutic antibodies resulting in many more antibody candidates entering clinical trials. The first development was the discovery that co-receptor CD4 antibodies could be used to tolerize to other proteins, thus establishing tolerance as a therapeutic paradigm. The second development was the discovery that rodent antibodies could be reengineered or reshaped to minimize their immunogenicity. Finally, the third development was the discovery that transplantation tolerance induced by co-receptor blockade was “dominant” and dependent on the induction of CD4+ regulatory T cells through so-called infectious tolerance. These findings together suggested that antibodies might be used sparingly to recruit the host's own tolerance mechanisms without evoking neutralizing responses.
Genome-wide array CGH analysis of murine neuroblastoma reveals distinct genomic aberrations which parallel those in human tumors. (2003)

Neuroblastoma, the third most common tumor of childhood, is a complex disease in which few genetic mutations have been identified.Mice expressing a human MYCN oncogene driven by the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promoter (TH-MYCN) represent an animal model for this disorder. We performed microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis on murine tumors, identifying gains on chromosomes 1, 3, 11, 14, 17, and 18 and losses on chromosomes 5, 9, and 16. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed an amplicon on chromosome 18 as the site of TH-MYCN transgene integration. Selected tumors with localized gains of chromosome 11 delineate a 15-Mb region orthologous to human chromosome 17q and help to narrow the minimal region gained in human tumors. We observed clustered loss of chromosomes 5, 9, and 16, orthologous to a similar pattern of combined loss of chromosomes 3p, 4p, and 11q in human tumors. These data demonstrate conservation of many genetic changes in murine and human neuroblastoma and suggest that further delineation of genetic abnormalities in murine tumors may identify genes important in human disease.
CC chemokines induce P‐selectin‐dependent neutrophil rolling and recruitment in vivo: intermediary role of mast cells (2003)

1. Based on in vitro chemotaxis experiments, it is widely held that CC chemokines, such as macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) and macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mainly support lymphocyte trafficking. 2. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 in neutrophil recruitment in vivo by use of intravital microscopy of the mouse cremaster microcirculation. 3. MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 caused a dose-dependent increase in leukocyte rolling, adhesion and recruitment. Indeed, neutrophils comprised more than 85% of the leukocyte response to MIP-1alpha and MCP-1. An anti-P-selectin antibody reduced MIP-1alpha and MCP-1-provoked leukocyte rolling by more than 94%. Concomitantly, firm adhesion and extravasation of neutrophils in response to MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 challenge were significantly decreased by more than 78 and 84%, respectively. In contrast, an anti-E-selectin antibody had no influence on CC chemokine-induced neutrophil recruitment. 4. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that MIP-1alpha and MCP-1 had no effect on P-selectin expression on endothelial cells, suggesting that neutrophil recruitment elicited by CC chemokines in vivo is not mediated via a direct effect on the endothelium but rather via an indirect effect involving activation of an intermediary tissue cell. Indeed, it was found that MIP-1alpha-induced neutrophil accumulation was significantly decreased by 58% in mast cell-deficient mice. 5. These findings demonstrate that CC chemokines trigger P-selectin-dependent rolling and tissue recruitment of neutrophils via tissue mast cells in vivo and suggest that CC chemokines may also be important targets in neutrophil-mediated tissue damage in multicellular organs.
Isolation of conserved sequences from yeast artificial chromosomes by exon amplification. (1994)

Exon amplification is a technique designed to solve a central problem in mammalian molecular genetics--specifically, the isolation of genes from large regions of genomic DNA. This technique allows exons to be isolated from genomic DNA following the selective removal of introns by the eukaryotic splicing mechanism. It is a relatively rapid procedure and can theoretically be applied to test the coding potential of very long stretches of genomic DNA. In this paper we describe the application of exon amplification to a mouse yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) 175 kb in length. A number of potential coding sequences were amplified, and two sequences were shown to be conserved across a wide variety of species representing potential genes.
Matrix Factorization Based Collaborative Filtering With Resilient Stochastic Gradient Descent (2018)

One of the leading approaches to collaborative filtering is to use matrix factorization to discover a set of latent factors that explain the pattern of preferences. In this paper, we apply a resilient stochastic gradient descent approach that uses only the sign of the gradient, similar to the R-Prop algorithm in neural network training, to matrix factorization for collaborative filtering. We evaluate the performance of our approach on the MovieLens 1M dataset, and find that test set accuracy markedly improves compared to standard gradient descent. As a follow-up experiment, we apply clustering to the learned item-factor matrix in factor space, and attempt to manually characterize each cluster of movies.
Complement ratios C3bc/C3 and sC5b-9/C5 do not increase the sensitivity of detecting acute complement activation systemically (2021)

C3bc and sC5b-9 were sensitive markers of complement activation. The ratios of C3bc/C3 and sC5b-9/C5 did not improve detection of complement activation systemically.
Aminophylline-induced contractions of rabbit ear artery in high-K+ Ca2+-free medium (1982)

Journal Article Aminophylline-induced contractions of rabbit ear artery in high-K+ Ca2+-free medium Get access Stefano Manzini, Stefano Manzini Pharmacology Department Research Laboratories 'A. Menarini' Pharmaceuticals, 50131 Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Carlo Alberto Maggi, Carlo Alberto Maggi Pharmacology Department Research Laboratories 'A. Menarini' Pharmaceuticals, 50131 Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Alberto Meli Alberto Meli Pharmacology Department Research Laboratories 'A. Menarini' Pharmaceuticals, 50131 Florence, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 34, Issue 3, March 1982, Pages 195–196, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1982.tb04222.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 01 September 1981 Published: 12 April 2011
Pre-training summarization models of structured datasets for cardinality estimation (2021)

We consider the problem of pre-training models which convert structured datasets into succinct summaries that can be used to answer cardinality estimation queries. Doing so avoids per-dataset training and, in our experiments, reduces the time to construct summaries by up to 100×. When datasets change, our summaries are incrementally updateable. Our key insights are to use multiple summaries per dataset, use learned summaries for columnsets for which other simpler techniques do not achieve high accuracy, and that analogous to similar pre-trained models for images and text, structured datasets have some common frequency and correlation patterns which our models learn to capture by pre-training on a large and diverse corpus of datasets.
Efficient implementation techniques for gracefully degradable multiprocessor systems (1995)

We propose the dynamic reconfiguration network (DRN) and a monitoring-at-transmission (MAT) bus to support dynamic reconfiguration of an N-modular redundancy multiprocessor system. In the reconfiguration process, a maximal number of processor triads are guaranteed to be formed on each processor cluster, thus supporting gracefully degradable operations. This is made possible by dynamically routing the control and clock signals of processors on the DRN so as to synchronize fault-free processors. The MAT bus is an efficient way to implement a triple modular redundant pipeline voter, which is a special case of the voting network proposed by Parhami (1991). Extensive experimental results have shown to support our design concept, and the performance of different cache memory organizations is evaluated through an analytic model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Toxicity profile of olaparib maintenance monotherapy for Japanese platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer patients (2021)

Contents phenotype had better survival to chemotherapy treatment. At the molecular level, we found out that the mitogenactivated protein kinase, phosphoinosytol-3 phosphate/AKT pathways and ABL1 kinase are involved in nuclear F-actin polymerization. Further investigation revealed that ABL1 may phosphorylate Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein to activate the key actin nucleation factor Arp2/3 complex to promote nuclear F-actin polymerization in ovarian cancer cells treated with chemotherapy drugs carboplatin or cisplatin. Our preliminary data suggests a potential target in combination with chemotherapy for ovarian cancer treatment, and this necessitates further evaluation by recruiting preclinical models in future studies. Conclusion: Here, we reveal that ovarian cancer cells with nuclear F-actin undergo less DNA damage under platinum treatment, suggesting that nuclear F-actin may mediate chemotherapy resistance in the context of ovarian cancer. Moreover, we unravel the underlying kinase pathway involved in nuclear F-actin polymerization in ovarian cancer cells, potentially paving the way for a novel strategy of targeting potential kinases in combination with well-established chemotherapy regimens in order to circumvent chemotherapy resistance.
Bimodal localization in cellular networks utilizing particle filters (2010)

Location based services in wireless networks is a quite demanding application especially in urban areas. Cellular network provides measurements regarding the signal attenuations from serving and neighbouring base stations for managing radio resources. Localization based on this inconsistent received signal strength is a challenging problem. This paper describes a novel bimodal localization idea for mobile users in cellular networks. A series of vision-based algorithms are applied to extract user position from monocular vision and then augment it with extracted location in cellular network. A probabilistic framework based on particle filters developed to fuse the bimodal data as well as localize the mobile user precisely from inconsistent measurements. This approach can be easily implemented to utilize available online visual databases to increase accuracy of conventional localization methods for wireless networks even in indoor environments that other navigation signals are not available.
Midkine (2003)

Keywords: glucocorticoid, GC; Retinoic acid, RA; Sonic Hedgehog, SHH; vascular endothelial growth factpor, VEGF
General Approach for the Synthesis of Ajmaline/Sarpagine Indole Alkaloids:  Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of (+)-Ajmaline, Alkaloid G, and Norsuaveoline via the Asymmetric Pictet−Spengler Reaction (1999)

A general approach (oxyanion-Cope strategy) for the synthesis of sarpagine/ajmaline indole alkaloids has been developed. (+)-Ajmaline 1 and alkaloid G 2 as well as norsuaveoline 3 have been synthesized from d-(+)-tryptophan in enantiospecific fashion via the asymmetric Pictet−Spengler reaction and a stereocontrolled oxyanion-Cope rearrangement as key steps. The synthesis of these indole alkaloids employed a stereospecific Pictet−Spengler/Dieckmann protocol to prepare the key intermediate, (−)-Nb-benzyl tetracyclic ketone (7a or 7b). This ketone was converted into α,β-unsaturated aldehyde (8a or 8b) and further transformed into (+)-ajmaline 1 and alkaloid G 2 as well as norsuaveoline 3. It was also found that reduction of 29 can be done stereospecifically to form the 2-epidiacetylajmaline derivative 30 which has the same configuration at C(2) as that of quebrachidine and of the bisindole alstonisidine. The ring closure reaction (from 27 to 28) to form the sarpagine skeleton was completed in 91% yield. It should now be possible to prepare the antipode of (+)-ajmaline via this approach for biological screening.
Effect of Post-Gate Deposition Annealing on the Electrical Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with p-GaN Gate (2018)

Aiming towards fail-safe normally-off operation we have fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with p-GaN gate. From device transfer characteristics, we have confirmed that threshold voltage (Vth) was shifted towards the positive direction with increasing p-GaN layer thickness and this amount of shift was further enhanced by post-gate deposition annealing.
High‐Mobility Air‐Stable n‐Type Semiconductors with Processing Versatility: Dicyanoperylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximides) (2004)

Viele Wege führen zu Bauelementen mit luftstabilen organischen Feldeffekttransistoren aus einer neuen Klasse äußerst elektronenarmer cyanierter Perylendiimide, die n-Ladungsträger-Beweglichkeiten bis 0.64 cm2 V−1 s−1 zeigen (siehe Bild): aus der Gasphase oder aus Lösung abgeschiedene Filme sowie BOC- und TOC-Elektrodenkonfigurationen (BOC: bottom contact, TOC: top contact).
Optical quantization of microwave signals via distributed phase Modulation (2005)

Optical phase modulators and a continuous-wave laser diode were used to quantize microwave signals with frequencies up to 25 GHz. A 2- and 3-b optical quantizer and photonic analog-to-digital converter are demonstrated. The quantizer system is primarily limited in the optical domain by the speed of the phase modulators. Converting the optical binary data into the electrical domain limits the data acquisition to the electronic readout circuitry.
GRADE: A graphical programming environment for PVM applications. (1997)

The PVM system -- which is one of the most popular message-passing interface currently -- represents a low-level tool that enables to write parallel programs but misses the high-level support which could make this work acceptable easy and efficient. To provide highlevel graphical support for PVM based program development, a complex programming environment (GRADE) is being developed. GRADE provides tools to construct, execute, debug and visualise message-passing parallel programs. GRADE offers the programmer the same graphical user interface during the whole development process. This paper deals with the graphical program editor and the post-mortem visualising tool in details. 1. Introduction A number of MP interfaces are available today, but one of the most popular is the PVM software package. PVM stands for Parallel Virtual Machine[7]. PVM permits a user to configure his own virtual computer by hooking together a heterogeneous collection of UNIX based machines, on which the user has ...