gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadband multiple-quantum nuclear magnetic resonance with frequency-modulated ‘‘chirp’’ pulses: Applications to pairs of scalar-coupled spin I=1/2 nuclei (1990)

It is shown by simulation and experiment that frequency-modulated ‘‘chirp’’ pulses are very effective for exciting multiple-quantum coherences over large bandwidths. Chirp pulses can be considered as an alternative to composite pulses to combat the effects of large offsets and tilted effective fields. By way of example, we discuss the excitation of double-quantum coherences for pairs of scalar-coupled spin I=1/2 nuclei over large ranges of chemical shifts. Refocusing of the phase dispersion of double-quantum coherence can be combined with suitable detection sequences to yield pure absorption two-dimensional double-quantum spectra. The idea of symmetrical excitation and detection by time reversal may be applied to obtain t1-modulated longitudinal magnetization, which may then be converted into observable single-quantum coherence by a chirp echo sequence. Similar approaches can be used for many other NMR experiments involving coherence transfer.
Microfabricated arrays of elastomeric posts to study cellular mechanics (2004)

We present an approach to fabricate an array of elastomer posts in order to dynamically measure the traction forces exerted by living cells on a surface with a micrometer lateral resolution. Arrays of closely spaced vertical microposts are made in silicone elastomer [poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)] by molding a Silicon substrate that has been machined by deep Si etching after standard photolithography. The surface of the micropillars was modified to allow cell culture. Deflections of the calibrated posts were dynamically followed by direct obervation with an optical microscope. By using this set-up, we could dynamically draw up a cartography of the local traction forces exerted by the cells.
Spin-torque FMR and large rectification sensitivity in Fe-rich CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (2010)

Spin-torque FMR and large rectification sensitivity in Fe-rich CoFeB-MgO magnetic tunnel junctions is reported. Tunnel magnetoresistance effect and spin-transfer torque provide various nonlinear effects. The precession angle can be significantly large if the frequency of the applied RF current matches to that of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the free layer.
Automatic target localization using microelectrode recordings (2003)

We describe an algorithm that objectively and automatically identifies target regions in the brain for ablation or stimulation during neurosurgery for Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. The algorithm uses microelectrode recordings to distinguish between the target and adjacent anatomic structures during stereotactic neurosurgery. This algorithm uses a novel method of signal feature extraction that enables standard classification algorithms such as support vector machines to perform well. The algorithm was validated on microelectrode recordings acquired near the globus pallidus internus and labeled by the neurosurgeon.
Stress- and Time-Dependent Formation of Self-Lubricating In Situ Carbon (SLIC) Films on Catalytically-Active Noble Alloys (2021)

Abstract Low shear strength (30 MPa) organic films were grown in situ on Pt 0.9 Au 0.1 surfaces via cyclic sliding contact in dry N 2 with trace concentrations of ambient hydrocarbons. We present a systematic investigation of the stress- and time-dependent film formation. Steady-state friction coefficients were found to be as low as µ ~ 0.015 and inversely proportional to contact pressure, revealing non-Amontonian behavior. Above a Hertzian contact pressure of ~500 MPa, shear strength dropped, indicating an activated process. Raman spectroscopy identified non-uniformity in areal coverage and relative order with contact pressure. Regions of steady-state low-friction behavior exhibited spectra similar to DLC coatings. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the formation and growth of films at the nanoscale. Stress- and time-dependent measurements suggested a sublinear increase of film volume with time, and a transition from growth to wear at a Hertzian contact pressure of ~1.2 GPa.
The Stem Cell Phenotype of Aggressive Breast Cancer Cells (2019)

Aggressive cancer cells are characterized by their capacity to proliferate indefinitely and to propagate a heterogeneous tumor comprised of subpopulations with varying degrees of metastatic propensity and drug resistance properties. Particularly daunting is the challenge we face in the field of oncology of effectively targeting heterogeneous tumor cells expressing a variety of markers, especially those associated with a stem cell phenotype. This dilemma is especially relevant in breast cancer, where therapy is based on traditional classification schemes, including histological criteria, differentiation status, and classical receptor markers. However, not all patients respond in a similar manner to standard-of-care therapy, thereby necessitating the need to identify and evaluate novel biomarkers associated with the difficult-to-target stem cell phenotype and drug resistance. Findings related to the convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signaling pathways have identified the embryonic morphogen Nodal as a promising new oncofetal target that is reactivated only in aggressive cancers, but not in normal tissues. The work presented in this paper confirms previous studies demonstrating the importance of Nodal as a cancer stem cell molecule associated with aggressive breast cancer, and advances the field by providing new findings showing that Nodal is not targeted by standard-of-care therapy in breast cancer patients. Most noteworthy is the linkage found between Nodal expression and the drug resistance marker ATP-binding cassette member 1 (ABCA1), which may provide new insights into developing combinatorial approaches to overcome drug resistance and disease recurrence.
Retraction: “Safety considerations during production and consumption of hydrogen using proton exchange membrane electrolysis” [J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 9, 013101 (2017)] (2017)

First Page
A Generic Method for Automatic Ground Truth Generation of Camera-captured Documents (2016)

The contribution of this paper is fourfold. The first contribution is a novel, generic method for automatic ground truth generation of camera-captured document images (books, magazines, articles, invoices, etc.). It enables us to build large-scale (i.e., millions of images) labeled camera-captured/scanned documents datasets, without any human intervention. The method is generic, language independent and can be used for generation of labeled documents datasets (both scanned and cameracaptured) in any cursive and non-cursive language, e.g., English, Russian, Arabic, Urdu, etc. To assess the effectiveness of the presented method, two different datasets in English and Russian are generated using the presented method. Evaluation of samples from the two datasets shows that 99:98% of the images were correctly labeled. The second contribution is a large dataset (called C3Wi) of camera-captured characters and words images, comprising 1 million word images (10 million character images), captured in a real camera-based acquisition. This dataset can be used for training as well as testing of character recognition systems on camera-captured documents. The third contribution is a novel method for the recognition of cameracaptured document images. The proposed method is based on Long Short-Term Memory and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for camera based OCRs. As a fourth contribution, various benchmark tests are performed to uncover the behavior of commercial (ABBYY), open source (Tesseract), and the presented camera-based OCR using the presented C3Wi dataset. Evaluation results reveal that the existing OCRs, which already get very high accuracies on scanned documents, have limited performance on camera-captured document images; where ABBYY has an accuracy of 75%, Tesseract an accuracy of 50.22%, while the presented character recognition system has an accuracy of 95.10%.
Correction: Conformation of bis-nitroxide polarizing agents by multi-frequency EPR spectroscopy (2020)

Correction for 'Conformation of bis-nitroxide polarizing agents by multi-frequency EPR spectroscopy' by Janne Soetbeer et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 25506-25517.
Specific Reduction of Hepatic Glucose 6-Phosphate Transporter-1 Ameliorates Diabetes while Avoiding Complications of Glycogen Storage Disease (2007)

D-Glucose-6-phosphatase is a key regulator of endogenous glucose production, and its inhibition may improve glucose control in type 2 diabetes. Herein, 2'-O-(2-methoxy)ethyl-modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific to the glucose 6-phosphate transporter-1 (G6PT1) enabled reduction of hepatic D-Glu-6-phosphatase activity in diabetic ob/ob mice. Treatment with G6PT1 ASOs decreased G6PT1 expression, reduced G6PT1 activity, blunted glucagon-stimulated glucose production, and lowered plasma glucose concentration in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast to G6PT1 knock-out mice and patients with glycogen storage disease, excess hepatic and renal glycogen accumulation, hyperlipidemia, neutropenia, and elevations in plasma lactate and uric acid did not occur. In addition, hypoglycemia was not observed in animals during extended periods of fasting, and the ability of G6PT1 ASO-treated mice to recover from an exogenous insulin challenge was not impaired. Together, these results demonstrate that effective glucose lowering by G6PT1 inhibitors can be achieved without adversely affecting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Construction of Manganese Porphyrin Modified Hemoglobin Complex and Its Antioxidant Activities (2008)

ヘモグロビンのアポタンパク質を薬物担体とする新規抗酸化剤として，高分子化再構成ヘモグロビン(Cross-link PEGrHb)を合成した．抗酸化作用を有するマンガン 5,10,15,20-テトラキス(N-メチルピリジニウム-2-イル)ポルフィリン(MnT2MePyP)は低分子量体であるため体外に排出されやすい．このためヘモグロビンからグロビン鎖を抽出し，MnT2MePyPを導入することで得た再構成ヘモグロビン(rHb)に，ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)の修飾および架橋により，高分子化した．GPCおよびSDS-PAGEより，分子量増加およびPEG修飾を確認した．また抗酸化剤としての性質を，ストップトフロー法および過酸化水素耐性試験により評価した．Cross-link PEGrHbはMnT2MePyP単体と同程度の抗酸化能を有しており抗酸化剤として期待できることがわかった．またマウスにおいて125Iを用いて標識したCross-link PEGrHbの体内動態分布試験を行った．抗酸化剤としての特性評価としては，パラコート障害マウスを用いた実験を行った．Cross-link PEGrHb投与群では，コントロール群に比べ生存率が向上した．合成したCross-link PEGrHbは血中内で安定に存在し，in vivoにおいて効果的にO2-・を消去する抗酸化剤としての可能性が示唆された．
Biofilm Formation by Mycobacterium abscessus in a Lung Cavity (2016)

Biofilm Formation by Mycobacterium abscessus in a Lung Cavity Kevin P. Fennelly, Carolyn Ojano-Dirain, Qingping Yang, Lin Liu, Li Lu, Ann Progulske-Fox, Gary P. Wang, Patrick Antonelli, and Gregory Schultz Department of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Institute for Wound Research, and Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and Center for Molecular Microbiology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and Medical Service, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida
A Finite Dimensional $A_{\infty}$ Algebra Example (2010)

We construct an example of an $A_{\infty}$ algebra structure defined over a finite dimensional graded vector space.
Abstract 1475: Localization of mitochondrial targeted GS-nitroxide JP4-039 BODIPY FL conjugate during radioprotection and mitigation in vivo (2012)

Abstract JP4-039 is a mitochondrial targeted GS nitroxide, which protects and mitigates against ionizing irradiation damage. Using a JP4-039 BODOIPY FL conjugate (BODIPYJP4-039) we have demonstrated that BODIPYJP4-039 co-localizes with MitoTracker stained mitochondria in cells in vitro and that when delivered by swallow in F15 emulsion, JP4-039 protects the esophagus from single dose or fractionated irradiation and is rapidly detected in excised esophagus. In vitro testing demonstrated that addition of BODIPY FL to JP4-039 did not alter radioprotection or mitigation of 32Dcl3 murine hematopoietic cells in clonogenic survival curve assays and that mitochondrial targeting of BODIPY JP4-039 was preserved in co-localization experiments with MitoTracker dye. In vitro irradiation survival curves were performed comparing JP4-039 to BODIPY JP4-039. 32D cells were incubated with 10 µM JP4-039 or BODIPY JP4-039 either pre or post irradiation and irradiated to doses from 0 to 8 Gy and plated in methylcellulose-containing medium. Colonies of greater than 50 cells were counted on day 7. The use of JP4-039 or BODIPY JP4-039 before irradiation resulted in an increase in Do and ñ from 1.3 ± 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.3 for JP4-039 and to 2.6 + 0.3 Gy for BODIPY JP4-039 (p = 0.0433 and 0.0254, respectively). When used post irradiation, there was also an increase in the ñ from 1.1 + 0.1 to 3.5 + 0.2 for JP4-039 and to 4.5 + 1.1 for BODIPYJP4-039 (p = 0.0001 and 0.0258, respectively). Co-localization of BODIPY JP4-039 and MitoTracker demonstrated that drug targeted mitochondria. BODIPYJP4-039 in F15 liposomes was administered by swallow to C57BL/6NHsd mice. Ten minutes post swallow, the esophagus, liver, lungs, and brain removed and frozen sections observed using fluorescence microscopy. In other experiments relative fluorescent units (RFUs) per mg of tissue were measured in excised organs (esophagus, liver, lung, brain) and in isolated mitochondria. The mitochondria had a 6 fold RFU increase over control compared to 1.3 for cytosol. Esophagus samples showed a 3 fold RFU increase over control. Additional in vivo experiments esophagus was excised 10 minutes post BODIPY JP4-039 swallow and a single cell suspension prepared for flow cytometric sorting of side population (SP) stem cells. Sorted SP and non-side population (nSP) cells were stained with MitoTracker dye. BODIPY JP4-039 localized to mitochondria in both sorted SP and nSP cells. BODIPYJP4-039 targets mitochondria of stem cell and non stem cell populations in the esophagus in vivo and is rapidly detected. Therefore, BODIPY JP4-039 should be a useful tool for determining the pharmacokinetics of radioprotection by JP4-039. Supported by NIH/UAID U19A168021 and NIH RO1CA83876 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1475. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1475
23. (1997)

Departments of Reproductive Biology, and Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
The Effect of Different Insertion Points on the Security of Pedicle Screw Fixation in Bovine Vertebrae (2008)

Using bovine vertebrae, different points of insertion of pedicle screws were associated with different security of fixation. However, further tests using human vertebrae are recommended to confirm the above results.
Clinical outcomes of relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients after contemporary first-line treatment: a German Hodgkin Study Group analysis (2021)

To evaluate patterns of rrHL after contemporary first-line treatment we studied 409 patients with first rrHL (HD13: n = 87, HD14: n = 118, HD15: n = 188, HDR3i: n = 51) at a median age of 37.4 years (18.4-76.8) from the GHSG database. Time to first relapse was ≤12 months in 49% and stage III/IV rrHL present in 52% of patients. In total, 291 patients received high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) and intended ASCT failed in 38 patients. ASCT was primarily not intended in 80 patients largely due to low risk disease or age/comorbidities. Overall, 10-year progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates after first relapse were 48.2% (95% CI 41.9-54.2%) and 59.4% (95% CI 53.0-65.2%), respectively, with significant differences between subgroups. Inferior survival was observed with no ASCT due to advanced age/comorbidities (five-year PFS 36.2%, 95% CI 17.7-55.0%) or failure of salvage therapy (five-year PFS 36.3%, 95% CI 19.7-53.2%). Similarly, presence of primary refractory disease or stage IV at rrHL conferred inferior survival. In patients with low-risk disease, however, survival appeared favorable even without ASCT (10 y PFS 72.6%, 95% CI 53.7-84.8%). We herein confirm the curative potential of current rrHL treatments providing a robust benchmark to evaluate novel therapeutic strategies in rrHL. Approximately 50% of rrHL patients experienced a consecutive relapse.
The Thermosiphon Cooling System of the ATLAS Experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (2015)

Abstract The silicon tracker of the ATLAS experiment at CERN Large Hadron Collider will operate around –15°C to minimize the effects of radiation damage. The present cooling system is based on a conventional evaporative circuit, removing around 60 kW of heat dissipated by the silicon sensors and their local electronics. The compressors in the present circuit have proved less reliable than originally hoped, and will be replaced with a thermosiphon. The working principle of the thermosiphon uses gravity to circulate the coolant without any mechanical components (compressors or pumps) in the primary coolant circuit. The fluorocarbon coolant will be condensed at a temperature and pressure lower than those in the on-detector evaporators, but at a higher altitude, taking advantage of the 92 m height difference between the underground experiment and the services located on the surface. An extensive campaign of tests, detailed in this paper, was performed using two small-scale thermosiphon systems. These tests confirmed the design specifications of the full-scale plant and demonstrated operation over the temperature range required for ATLAS. During the testing phase the system has demonstrated unattended long-term stable running over a period of several weeks. The commissioning of the full scale thermosiphon is ongoing, with full operation planned for late 2015.
Using Data-Driven Domain Randomization to Transfer Robust Control Policies to Mobile Robots (2019)

This work develops a technique for using robot motion trajectories to create a high quality stochastic dynamics model that is then leveraged in simulation to train control policies with associated performance guarantees. We demonstrate the idea by collecting dynamics data from a 1/5 scale agile ground vehicle, fitting a stochastic dynamics model, and training a policy in simulation to drive around an oval track at up to 6.5 m/s while avoiding obstacles. We show that the control policy can be transferred back to the real vehicle with little loss in predicted performance. We compare this to an approach that uses a simple analytic car model to train a policy in simulation and show that using a model with stochasticity learned from data leads to higher performance in terms of trajectory tracking accuracy and collision probability. Furthermore, we show empirically that simulation-derived performance guarantees transfer to the actual vehicle when executing a policy optimized using a deep stochastic dynamics model fit to vehicle data.
Heterogeneously integrated III–V-on-silicon multibandgap superluminescent light-emitting diode with 290  nm optical bandwidth (2014)

A broadband superluminescent III-V-on-silicon light-emitting diode (LED) was realized. To achieve the large bandwidth, quantum well intermixing and multiple die bonding of InP on a silicon photonic waveguide circuit were combined for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The device consists of four sections with different bandgaps, centered around 1300, 1380, 1460, and 1540 nm. The fabricated LEDs were connected on-chip in a serial way, where the light generated in the smaller bandgap sections travels through the larger bandgap sections. By balancing the pump current in the four LEDs, we achieved 292 nm of 3 dB bandwidth and an on-chip power of -8 dBm.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase modulates adenosine receptor‐induced vascular response in mouse mesenteric arteries (2015)

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) degrades epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to less active diols (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids; DHETs). EETs are endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) which play an important role in protection from ischaemic injury and have anti-inflammatory actions. Previously, we have reported upregulation of A2A adenosine receptor (AR), CYP2J2, and PPARg, and the downregulation of A1AR and PPARa in mouse aorta from sEH−/− mice with enhanced vascular relaxation. Additionally, A1AR stimulation inhibits BK channel activity involving PKCa in mouse aorta. In present study, we investigated whether over-expression of sEH in endothelium (Tie2-sEH Tr) regulates AR dependent vascular response in mouse mesenteric arteries (MAs). We performed DMT myograph muscle tension measurements and western blot (WB) in WT and Tie2-sEH Tr mice. The data show that endothelial response was comparable between Tie2-sEH Tr vs. WT mice. Phenylephrine induced contraction was significantly higher in Tie2-sEH Tr vs. WT mice. Importantly, NECA (non-selective AR agonist)-induced relaxation was significantly reduced in Tie2-sEH Tr vs. WT mice. WB analysis revealed significantly higher expression of cyp4a and upregulation of A1AR in Tie2-sEH Tr vs. WT mice. Notably, pinacidil (KATP channel opener) induced relaxation was also significantly reduced in Tie2-sEH Tr vs. WT mice. In conclusion our data suggest that over-expression of sEH reduces relaxation possibly due to upregulation of A1AR, that may show a possible interaction between sEH and ARs (HL-114559, Z01-ES025034, HL027339 & HL094447).
Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy study of infrared-multiphoton-excited OCS (1989)

The vibrational energy distribution following ν2 overtone excitation of OCS by a pulsed CO2 laser is studied by monitoring the coherent anti-stokes Raman spectrum of the ν1 mode. Because of the slow energy transfer from the pumped mode to other modes, and because the anharmonicity of the ν2 mode is small, OCS is an ideal system for studying the interaction of an intense infrared laser field with a single, nearly harmonic, oscillator. From the spectra the cross anharmonicities of the ν1 mode are determined to be x12=−6.0 cm−1 and x13=−2.7 cm−1, respectively. The time dependence of the spectra provides information on V–V energy transfer rates. In particular, the measurements put a lower limit of kν2→ν2=1 μs−1 Torr−1 on the vibrational relaxation rate within ν2 mode. At high excitation, the temperature of the ν2 mode rises up to 2000 K, and hot bands are observed up to the n=4 level. This fourth overtone peak is split because of either a Fermi resonance or vibrational angular momentum splitting.
Increasing processor performance by implementing deeper pipelines (2003)

One architectural method for increasing processor performance involves increasing the frequency by implementing deeper pipelines. This paper explores the relationship between performance and pipeline depth using a Pentium/sup (R)/ 4 processor like architecture as a baseline, and shows that deeper pipelines can continue to increase the performance. This paper shows that the branch misprediction latency is the single largest contributor to performance degradation as pipelines are stretched, and therefore branch prediction and fast branch recovery will continue to increase in importance. We show that higher performance cores, implemented with longer pipelines, for example, will put more pressure on the memory system, and therefore require larger on-chip caches. Finally, we show that in the same process technology, designing deeper pipelines can increase the processor frequency by 100%, which, when combined with larger on-chip caches can yield performance improvements of 35% to 90% over a Pentium 4 like processor.
Utilization of Marker Gene-integrated Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae for Monitoring in planta. (1994)

[in Japanese]