gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CARD-CC/Bcl10/paracaspase signaling complex is functionally conserved since the last common ancestor of Planulozoa (2016)

Abstract Type 1 paracaspases originated in the Ediacaran geological period before the last common ancestor of bilaterians and cnidarians (Planulozoa). Cnidarians have several paralog type 1 paracaspases, type 2 paracaspases, and a homolog of Bcl10. Notably in bilaterians, lineages like nematodes and insects lack Bcl10 whereas other lineages such as vertebrates, hemichordates, annelids and mollusks have a Bcl10 homolog. A survey of invertebrate CARD-coiled-coil (CC) domain homologs of CARMA/CARD9 revealed such homologs only in species with Bcl10, indicating an ancient co-evolution of the entire CARD-CC/Bcl10/MALT1-like paracaspase (CBM) complex. Furthermore, vertebrate-like Syk/Zap70 tyrosine kinase homologs with the ITAM-binding SH2 domain were found in invertebrate organisms with CARD-CC/Bcl10, indicating that this pathway might be the original user of the CBM complex. We also established that the downstream signaling proteins TRAF2 and TRAF6 are functionally conserved in Cnidaria. There also seems to be a correlation where invertebrates with CARD-CC and Bcl10 have type 1 paracaspases which are more similar to the paracaspases found in vertebrates. A proposed evolutionary scenario includes at least two ancestral type 1 paracaspase paralogs in the planulozoan last common ancestor, where at least one paralog usually is dependent on CARD-CC/Bcl10 for its function. Functional analyses of invertebrate type 1 paracaspases and Bcl10 homologs support this scenario and indicate an ancient origin of the CARD-CC/Bcl10/paracaspase signaling complex. Results from cnidarians, nematodes and mice also suggest an ancient neuronal role for the type 1 paracaspases.
Tamoxifen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (TAMDMD): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial (2019)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03354039. Registered on 27 November 2017.
Biophysical Mechanisms Underlying Hearing Loss Associated with a Shortened Tectorial Membrane (2011)

The tectorial membrane (TM) connects to the stereociliary bundles of outer hair cells (OHCs). Herein, we summarize key experimental data and modeling analyses that describe how biophysical alterations to these connections underlie hearing loss. The heterozygous C1509G mutation in alpha tectorin produces partial congenital hearing loss that progresses in humans. We engineered this mutation in mice, and histology revealed that the TM was shortened. DIC imaging of freshly‐dissected cochlea as well as imaging with optical coherence tomography indicated that the TM is malformed and only stimulates the first row of OHCs. Noise exposure produced acute threshold shifts that fully recovered in Tecta+/+ mice although there was some OHC loss within all three rows at the cochlear base. In contrast, threshold shifts only partially recovered in TectaC1509G/+ mice. This was associated with OHC loss more apically and nearly entirely within the first row. Young's modulus of the TM, measured using atomic force microscopy, was substantially reduced at the middle and basal regions. Both the wild‐type and heterozygous conditions were simulated in a computational model. This demonstrated that the normalized stress distribution levels between the TM and the tall cilia were significantly elevated in the middle region of the heterozygous cochlea. Another feature of the TectaC1509G/+ mutation is higher prestin expression within all three rows of OHCs. This increased electricallyevoked movements of the reticular lamina and otoacoustic emissions. Furthermore, electrical stimulation was associated with an increased risk of OHC death as measured by vital dye staining. Together, these findings indicate that uncoupling of the TM from some OHCs not only leads to partial hearing loss, but also puts the OHCs that remain coupled at higher risk. Both the mechanics of the malformed TM and increased electromotility contribute to this higher risk profile.
ILHYPOS Ionic Liquid-Based Supercapacitors (2010)

This paper presents work carried out within a European Union project which led to the development of 3.7 V and 340 F pre-series electrochemical double-layer capacitor cell featuring an asymmetric configuration with positive and negative carbon electrodes of different weight and solvent-free ionic liquid electrolyte. Such supercapacitor design with nonvolatile and safe electrolyte provides a successful response to the requirement for power assist application in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).
GPRSWeb (2003)

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is being deployed by GSM network operators world-wide, and promises to offer users "always-on" data access at bandwidths comparable to that of conventional fixed-line telephone modems. Unfortunately, many users have found the reality to be rather different, experiencing very disappointing performance when, for example, browsing the web over GPRS.In this paper we investigate what causes the HTTP protocol and its underlying transport TCP to underperform in a GPRS environment. We examine why certain GPRS network characteristics interact badly with TCP to yield problems such as: link under-utilization for short-lived flows, excess queueing for long-lived flows, ACK compression, poor loss recovery, and gross unfairness between competing flows. We also show that many web browsers tend to be overly aggressive, and by opening too many simultaneous TCP connections can aggravate matters.We present the design and implementation of GPRSWeb - a mobile HTTP proxy system that mitigates many of the performance problems with a simple software update to a GPRS mobile device. The update is a 'client proxy' that sits in the mobile device, and communicates with a 'server proxy' located at the other end of the GPRS link close to the wired-wireless border. The dual proxy architecture collectively implements a number of key enhancements - an aggressive caching scheme that employs content-based hash keying to improve hit rates for dynamic content, a preemptive push of web page support resources to mobile clients, resource adaptation to suit client capabilities, delta encoded data transfers, DNS lookup migration, and a UDP-based reliable transport protocol that is specifically optimized for use over GPRS. We show that these enhancements result in significant improvement in overall WWW performance over GPRS.
Interaction between Radiation and Drug Damage in Mammalian Cells (1979)

We have studied the effects of actinomycin-D (AMD) and Adriamycin (ADRM) on the repair of radiation damage in Chinese hamster cells (V79) in plateau phase growth. Suppression of potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) was observed in the presence of non-toxic levels of AMD and minimally toxic levels of ADRM. The suppression of PLDR by AMD persisted as long as the drug was present. Removal of AMD was followed by prompt repair of potentially lethal injury suggesting that suppression of PLDR by AMD was not accompanied by fixation of injury to a non-repairable state. On the other hand, irradiated cells exposed to ADRM eventually repair potentially lethal injury in the presence of drug after an initial delay. AMD, but not ADRM, inhibited repair of sublethal radiation damage.
Impact of protocols on traffic burstiness at large timescales in wireless multi-hop networks (2013)

We investigate the impact of the protocol stack on traffic burstiness at large time-scales in wireless multi-hop network traffic. Origins of traffic burstiness at large scales (like its LRD nature) have been mostly attributed to the heavy-tails in traffic sources. In wired networks, protocol dynamics have little impact on large time-scale dynamics. However, given the nature of wireless networks, the MAC and routing layers together can lead to route flapping or oscillations even in a static network. Hence, we explore whether these dynamics can lead to traffic burstiness and LRD. Using network simulations, we analyze traffic for two MANET routing protocols - OLSR and AODV. By varying the routing protocol parameters, we analyze their role in inducing or preventing route oscillations, and study their impact on traffic LRD. We find that, losses in OLSR control packets, due to congestion at the MAC, can lead to route oscillations and traffic burstiness at large timescales. By tuning the parameters, route oscillations and traffic LRD can be avoided. AODV dynamics show little evidence for traffic LRD, even though we cannot rule out this possibility. We also show that the route oscillations can have heavier body and tail than exponential distribution, and that the Markovian framework for route oscillations is inadequate to explain the observed traffic scaling. Lastly, we give a model that captures the MAC and OLSR routing protocol interactions and depending upon chosen protocol parameters and input load, correctly predicts the presence of traffic LRD. Thus, we use this model to design appropriate choice of protocol parameters to mitigate traffic burstiness at large-timescales.
Major life changes and behavioral markers in social media (2013)

We explore the harnessing of social media as a window on changes around major life events in individuals and larger populations. We specifically examine patterns of activity, emotional, and linguistic correlates for childbirth and postnatal course. After identifying childbirth events on Twitter, we analyze daily posting patterns and language usage before and after birth by new mothers, and make inferences about the status and dynamics of changes in emotions expressed following childbirth. We find that childbirth is associated with some changes for most new mothers, but approximately 15% of new mothers show significant changes in their online activity and emotional expression postpartum. We observe that these mothers can be distinguished by linguistic changes captured by shifts in a relatively small number of words in their social media posts. We introduce a greedy differencing procedure to identify the type of language that characterizes significant changes in these mothers during postpartum. We conclude with a discussion about how such characterizations might be applied to recognizing and understanding health and well-being in women following childbirth.
Artificial leaf device for hydrogen generation from immobilised C. reinhardtii microalgae (2015)

We have engineered a hydrogen generating device replicating the function of a leaf undergoing photosynthesis based on fabric-immobilized microalgae culture with controlled perfusion with nutrients and collection of hydrogen through parallel microchannel networks.
Radiosynthesis and in Vivo Evaluation of Two PET Radioligands for Imaging α-Synuclein (2014)

Two α-synuclein ligands, 3-methoxy-7-nitro-10<i>H</i>-phenothiazine (<b>2a</b>, <i>K<sub>i</sub></i> = 32.1 ± 1.3 nM) and 3-(2-fluoroethoxy)-7-nitro-10<i>H</i>-phenothiazine (<b>2b</b>, <i>K<sub>i</sub></i> = 49.0 ± 4.9 nM), were radiolabeled as potential PET imaging agents by respectively introducing <sup>11</sup>C and <sup>18</sup>F. The syntheses of [<sup>11</sup>C]<b>2a</b> and [<sup>18</sup>F]<b>2b</b> were accomplished in a good yield with high specific activity. <i>Ex vivo</i> biodistribution studies in rats revealed that both [<sup>11</sup>C]<b>2a</b> and [<sup>18</sup>F]<b>2b</b> crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and demonstrated good brain uptake 5 min post-injection. MicroPET imaging of [<sup>11</sup>C]<b>2a</b> in a non-human primate (NHP) confirmed that the tracer was able to cross the BBB with rapid washout kinetics from brain regions of a healthy macaque. The initial studies suggested that further structural optimization of [<sup>11</sup>C]<b>2a</b> and [<sup>18</sup>F]<b>2b</b> is necessary in order to identify a highly specific positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for <i>in vivo</i> imaging of α-synuclein aggregation in the central nervous system (CNS).
Vacancy-Ordered Double Perovskite Cs2TeI6 Thin Films for Optoelectronics (2020)

Alternatives to lead- and tin-based perovskites for photovoltaics and optoelectronics are sought that do not suffer from the disadvantages of toxicity and low device efficiency of present-day materials. Here we report a study of the double perovskite Cs<sub>2</sub>TeI<sub>6</sub>, which we have synthesized in the thin film form for the first time. Exhaustive trials concluded that spin coating CsI and TeI<sub>4</sub> using an antisolvent method produced uniform films, confirmed as Cs<sub>2</sub>TeI<sub>6</sub> by XRD with Rietveld analysis. They were stable up to 250 °C and had an optical band gap of ∼1.5 eV, absorption coefficients of ∼6 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup>, carrier lifetimes of ∼2.6 ns (unpassivated 200 nm film), a work function of 4.95 eV, and a p-type surface conductivity. Vibrational modes probed by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy showed resonances qualitatively consistent with DFT <i>Phonopy</i>-calculated spectra, offering another route for phase confirmation. It was concluded that the material is a candidate for further study as a potential optoelectronic or photovoltaic material.
ChemInform Abstract: SPECTROSCOPIC, ELECTROCHEMICAL, AND PHOTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLYBDENUM(II) AND TUNGSTEN(II) HALIDE CLUSTERS (1983)

Abstract Die Clusterionen (I)‐(III) zeigen Lumineszenz mit Emissionsmaxima (Lebensdauer, Quantenausb.) bei 805 (180, 0.19), 825 (130, 0.23) bzw. 880 nm (2 usec, 0.02) in MeCN bei 20°C. Ihre Absorptionsspektren weisen bei niedrigen Temp. schwache Schultern bei niedriger Energie auf ((1): 530 und 590 nm; (II): 680 nm; (III): 490 und 550 nm), die elektronisch in enger Beziehung zur Lumineszenz stehen könnten.
ChemInform Abstract: A Corticoid Synthesis from 9α‐Hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione via a Steroidal Oxazoline. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emerging pathogens: Dynamics, mutation and drug resistance (1997)

This is the final report of a one-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The objectives of this project were to develop models of the spread of pathogens, such as HIV-1 and influenza, in humans, and then to use the models to address the possibility of designing appropriate drug therapies that may limit the ability of the pathogen to escape treatment by mutating into a drug resistant form. We have developed a model of drug-resistance to amantidine and rimantadine, the two major antiviral drugs used to treat influenza, and have used the model to suggest treatment strategies during an epidemic.
Supplementary Methods, Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Targeting RET Kinase in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. RET expression is higher in prostate cancer lines that have lost androgen receptor signaling Supplemental Figure 2. RET gene expression is higher in patient samples with pure/mixed small cell phenotype or primary NEPC and correlates with other neuroendocrine markers. Supplemental Figure 3. Knockdown of RET kinase in PC3 cells shows a modest reduction in cellular proliferation. Supplemental Figure 4. Prostate cancer cell lines show variable sensitivity to RET inhibitor treatment. Supplemental Figure 5. Organoids derived from PTEN-/- and Rb-/- prostate cells model multiple aspects of NEPC including resistance to enzalutamide treatment. Supplemental Figure 6. A higher dose replicate of AD80 treatment of NCI-H660 xenograft tumors shows a similar effect of restricting tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;
Minimal-Impact Personal Audio Archives (2006)

Review of personal audio work at the Laboratory for Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, as part of a meeting for Microsoft's Digital Memories initiative.
Dimensional change in high carbon steel wire owing to heavy reduction by tandem cold drawing (2004)

AbstractCurious behaviour has been found in a heavily reduced high carbon steel AISI 1070. A wire of 1˙5 mm in diameter manufactured through tandem cold die drawing with total elongation of 13˙4 was subjected to heating. When it was heated above 473 K, remarkably, the length of specimen slightly increased after cooling. The ratio of increase in length was about 0˙1%. The decrease in diameter was slightly larger than the expected value to ensure the volume constancy condition owing to plastic metal working. This change in dimensions did not occur in the parent wire of 5˙5 mm in diameter, and it was concluded that this change was induced by heavy reduction by cold tandem drawing. SEM observation showed the occurrence of new isolated cementite when the heating temperature exceeded 473 K and it was assumed that it might be closely related to the mechanism through which increase in length occurs.Keywords: HIGH CARBON STEELSWIREDIE DRAWING
Full RGB liquid-crystal-tunable plasmonic color and TFT integration (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Plasmonic color originating from metallic nanostructures has many advantages over traditional pigmentation based color and have demonstrated sub wavelength resolution, tolerance to high intensity light, and scalability of the structure's optical response with dimensions and surrounding media. The later of these attributes, post-fabrication tunability, is a unique advantage of plasmonic structures that may enable it to reach niche applications. However, previous attempts of plasmonic tuning have yet to span an entire color space with a single nanostructure dimension. Here, we demonstrate a full red-green-blue (RGB) color changing surface enabled by a high birefringent liquid crystal (LC) and with a single nanostructure. This is achieved through the onset of a surface roughness induced polarization dependence and a combination of bulk and surface LC effects which manifest at different voltages. To further show the feasibility of such a system for display applications, we integrate the LC-plasmonic device with an actively addressed thin film transistor array (TFT) to display arbitrary images and video. Such a color changing surface may also find applications in wearables and active camouflage.
Interference with simian virus 40 DNA replication by adenovirus type 2 during mixed infection of monkey cells (1978)

Infection of monkey cells with human adenovirus (Ad) is abortive, but the infection can be enhanced by coinfecting with simian virus 40 (SV40). However, in the coinfected monkey cells, Ad interferes strongly with SV40 DNA biosynthesis. This interference was found to be a reproducible, delicately controlled phenomenon that was proportional to the multiplicity of infection of Ad and dependent on the active expression of the Ad genome. Newly synthesized SV40 DNA was not broken down in cells after delayed superinfection with Ad, and several early events of SV40 infection such as adsorption, penetration, uncoating, induction of cellular DNA synthesis, and enhancement of Ad infection were not markedly influenced by Ad-mediated interference. It is unlikely that interference is simply due to competition between SV40 and Ad for metabolites, enzymes, or replication sites. The interference effect could be partially neutralized by an increase in the multiplicity of coinfecting SV40 or by an increase in the time interval between SV40 infection and Ad coinfection. Interference was shown to be due to the activity of an Ad early gene product. However, the detailed mechanism of this Ad interference is still unclear.
Hybrid 10/40-G transmission on a 50-GHz grid through 2800 km of SSMF and seven optical add-drops (2005)

We experimentally demonstrate copolarized 42.7-Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) differential quadrature phase-shift keying and 10.7-Gb/s RZ on-off keying wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission on a 50-GHz grid through 28 100-km spans of standard single-mode fiber in a 400-km recirculating loop. The loop contains an add-drop node on a 50-GHz channel grid.
Highly Efficient Field Emission from Carbon Nanotube−Nanohorn Hybrids Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2010)

Electrically conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high aspect ratios emit electrons at low electric fields, thus applications to large-area field emission (FE) devices with CNT cathodes are attractive to save energy consumption. However, the poor dispersion and easy bundling properties of CNTs in solvents have hindered this progress. We have solved these problems by growing single-walled CNTs (SWNTs) on single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWNH) aggregates that have spherical forms with ca. 100-nm diameters. In the obtained SWNT-SWNH hybrids (NTNHs), the SWNTs diameters were 1-1.7 nm and the bundle diameters became almost uniform, that is, less than 10 nm, since the SWNTs were separated by SWNH aggregates. We also confirmed that a large-area FE device with NTNH cathodes made by screen printing was highly and homogeneously bright, suggesting the success of the hybrid strategy.
Fibromodulin deficiency reduces collagen structural network but not glycosaminoglycan content in a syngeneic model of colon carcinoma (2017)

Tumor barrier function in carcinoma represents a major challenge to treatment and is therefore an attractive target for increasing drug delivery. Variables related to tumor barrier include aberrant blood vessels, high interstitial fluid pressure, and the composition and structure of the extracellular matrix. One of the proteins associated with dense extracellular matrices is fibromodulin, a collagen fibrillogenesis modulator expressed in tumor stroma but scarce in normal loose connective tissues. Here, we investigated the effects of fibromodulin on stroma ECM in a syngeneic murine colon carcinoma model. We show that fibromodulin deficiency decreased collagen fibril thickness but glycosaminoglycan content and composition were unchanged. Furthermore, vascular density, pericyte coverage and macrophage amount were unaffected. Fibromodulin can therefore be a unique effector of dense collagen matrix assembly in tumor stroma and, without affecting other major matrix components or the cellular composition, can function as a main agent in tumor barrier function.
Symposium on “Retinoid Research and Clinical Application” Supported by the Japanese Cancer Association (1990)

The Symposium on “Retinoid Research and Clinical Application” was held on November 10 and 11, 1989 at the Lecture Hall of the Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research in Tokyo, within the framework of the activity of the Japanese Cancer Association. The organizers were Dr. Koichi Shudo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Dr. Yasutoshi Muto, First Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University, and Hirota Fujiki, Cancer Prevention Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo. For preparation of this Symposium, we organizers first consulted Japanese scientists from various research fields about their interest in a Symposium on this subject, since this was the first meeting on retinoid research in Japan. Based on those discussions, we decided to extend invitations from the Japanese Cancer Association to more scientists than usual. That is, six presentations by invited foreign scientists were planned to be included in this Symposium. They were given by Dr. Pierre Chambon from France and Drs. Michael B. Sporn, Peter J. A. Davies, Richard C. Moon, Gregor Eichele and Gary Peck from the United States. In addition, there were 43 oral presentations from Japanese participants. The purpose of the Symposium was to impart and to discuss information concerning the present status of retinoid research at the international level. The meeting was divided into two parts; morning, for short presentations by the Japanese scientists, and afternoon, for three plenary lectures by the invited speakers each day. As scientific languages, Japanese was used in the morning and English in the afternoon. Over 300 participants were registered for two days. This number indicated the high level of current interest in research on retinoids.