gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial purification and properties of a plasma ouabain-like inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase in patients with essential hypertension (1988)

Plasma levels of an ouabain-like inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase were higher in patients with essential hypertension compared with normal levels. The ouabain-like inhibitor was correlated significantly with blood pressure and was increased by a high-salt diet. The substance was partially purified by high performance liquid chromatography which revealed lipid-like properties, but the elution time was different from that of free unsaturated fatty acid on silica-gel high performance liquid chromatography. Its molecular weight was 600 or less, as estimated by high performance liquid chromatography with an HSG-15H column. The ouabain-like substance inhibited Na+, K+-ATPase in competition with KCl and showed positive ouabain-like immunoreactivity, whereas lysophosphatidylcholine was a non-competitive inhibitor. The ouabain-like substance was unstable at room temperature and decomposed to smaller molecular compounds which did not inhibit Na+, K+-ATPase. The inhibitory fraction gave a positive thiobarbituric acid reaction test. The mobility of the ouabain-like inhibitor on silica-gel thin-layer chromatography was different from that of prostaglandins and arachidonic acid. These results indicate that the plasma ouabain-like inhibitor of patients with essential hypertension is a lipid which is different from free fatty acid or lysophosphatidylcholine, and may be an unstable peroxide.
Burmese python target reflectivity compared to natural Florida foliage background reflectivity (2019)

The Florida Everglades is infested with Burmese pythons caused by the release of exotic pets in the 1980s. The current estimates are between 30,000 and 300,000 pythons, where the result is a severe decline in Everglade mammals: 90% reductions in raccoon, opossum, bobcats, and foxes. The marsh rabbits are completely gone. The population of the pythons is rapidly increasing exponentially with 20-50 eggs per snake with a life span of up to 20 years. Pythons have been captured in the Everglades with lengths of nearly 6 m. Researchers in the state of Florida are concerned that these pythons are (1) permanently damaging the Everglades, (2) migrating further north into populated areas of Florida, and (3) endangering wildlife, pets, and eventually, people. There have been a number of sensing efforts attempted in the large-area detection of pythons, where limited success has been achieved. For example, infrared sensors have been applied to the problem, but the pythons are cold-blooded, so the infrared bands do not work well. Imec has leveraged its expertise and infrastructure in semiconductor processing to produce highly compact, higher performance, and relatively cheaper hyperspectral image sensors and camera systems. In this work, Imec teamed with the University of Florida and Extended Reality Systems to obtain hyperspectral reflectivity measurements of Burmese pythons along with natural Florida background foliage to determine bands or band combinations that may be exploited in the large-area detection of pythons. The bands investigated are the visible-near infrared (or VisNIR) and the shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands. The results show that there are enough differences in the data collection such that a single band, inexpensive VisNIR band camera may provide reasonable results and a two-band, VisNIR/SWIR combination may provide higher performance results. In this paper, we provide the VisNIR results.
Preoperative Use of 3D Volume Rendering to Demonstrate Renal Tumors and Renal Anatomy (2000)

With increased use of computed tomography (CT) and abdominal ultrasonography, the indications for nephron-sparing surgery are also increasing. Triphasic helical CT and three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering can be combined into a single noninvasive test to delineate renal tumors and normal and complex renal anatomy prior to nephron-sparing surgery. This combination technique has proved accurate and very useful for both preoperative and intraoperative planning by demonstrating renal position, tumor location and depth of tumor extension into the kidney, relationship of the tumor to the collecting system, and renal vascular anatomy. Knowledge of the position of the kidney relative to the lower rib cage, iliac crest, and spine helps in planning the initial surgical incision. By depicting tumor location and depth of extension, helical CT with 3D volume rendering helps ensure complete tumor excision and conservation of adjacent normal renal parenchyma. Depiction of the relationship of the tumor to the collecting system helps anticipate further tumor extension and minimize postoperative complications. Identification of normal renal vasculature and anatomic variants can help minimize ischemic injury and intraoperative bleeding. Radiologists should be familiar with current indications for nephron-sparing surgery and understand what information is required prior to surgery.
SenseShapes: using statistical geometry for object selection in a multimodal augmented reality (2004)

We introduce a set of statistical geometric tools designed to identify the objects being manipulated through speech and gesture in a multimodal augmented reality system. SenseShapes are volumetric regions of interest that can be attached to parts of the user's body to provide valuable information about the user's interaction with objects. To assist in object selection, we generate a rich set of statistical data and dynamically choose which data to consider based on the current situation.
Robust Multicolor Single Photon Emission from Point Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride (2016)

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is an emerging two-dimensional material for quantum photonics owing to its large bandgap and hyperbolic properties. Here we report two approaches for engineering quantum emitters in hBN multilayers using either electron beam irradiation or annealing and characterize their photophysical properties. The defects exhibit a broad range of multicolor room-temperature single photon emissions across the visible and the near-infrared spectral ranges, narrow line widths of sub-10 nm at room temperature, and a short excited-state lifetime, and high brightness. We show that the emitters can be categorized into two general groups, but most likely possess similar crystallographic structure. Remarkably, the emitters are extremely robust and withstand aggressive annealing treatments in oxidizing and reducing environments. Our results constitute a step toward deterministic engineering of single emitters in 2D materials and hold great promise for the use of defects in boron nitride as sources for quantum information processing and nanophotonics.
CD86 (B7-2), but Not CD80 (B7-1), Expression in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice Enhances the Immunogenicity of Primary CutaneousCandida albicans Infections (1998)

Transgenic (Tg) mice whose epidermal keratinocytes constitutively overexpress either B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) exhibited exaggerated cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to haptens compared to non-Tg mice. To determine whether enhanced DTH in these Tg mice is seen in response to cutaneous fungal infections, a primary infection withCandida albicans was established by inoculating this organism on the occluded skin of Tg and non-Tg mice. These infections resolved 7 days after removal of occlusive dressing in all three groups of mice, without evidence of exaggerated inflammation in either the Tg or non-Tg mice. Only B7-2 Tg mice developed enhanced Th1-lymphocyte-mediated immune responses to C. albicans antigens after resolving this infection: enhanced footpad swelling in response to intradermal C. albicans antigens, enhanced production of mRNA encoding Th1 lymphokines in draining lymph nodes, and increased gamma interferon secreted into culture supernatants by lymph node T lymphocytes stimulated with Candida antigens in vitro. Lastly, Western blotting of sera from mice that had resolved this fungal infection indicated that only B7-2 Tg mice recognized a wide range ofCandida-associated antigens. These data suggest that these two costimulatory molecules, when expressed by keratinocytes, do not deliver identical signals to C. albicansantigen-reactive Th1 lymphocytes. The enhanced immune response in B7-2 Tg mice to a cutaneous C. albicans infection demonstrates the importance of antigen presentation and costimulation in immune reactivity to fungi. Furthermore, B7-2 Tg mice may be useful in identification of protective Candidaantigens.
Selective Ethylene Tri-/Tetramerization by in Situ-Formed Chromium Catalysts Stabilized by N,P-Based Ancillary Ligand Systems (2013)

A series of N,P-based ancillary ligands have been synthesized, and the corresponding catalysts, formed in situ by mixing one of the N,P-ligands, Cr(acac)3 and MAO, have been tested for ethylene oligomerization. Under standard ethylene oligomerization conditions (30 bar ethylene, 60 °C, methylcyclohexane solvent), all of the in situ-formed complexes show catalytic activity, producing oligomers together with varying amounts of polyethylene (PE). Of all these combinations, only the catalyst formed by mixing N-pyrrolyldiphenylphosphine with Cr(acac)3 and MAO is capable of selectively oligomerizing ethylene, producing a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene in varying ratios alongside a small amount of PE. Further investigations on this catalyst system revealed that the presence of a low concentration of toluene favors the production of 1-octene. However, in pure toluene as the solvent, the selectivity toward 1-hexene/1-octene is lost and a statistic mixture of α-olefins is produced. Moreover, the choice of the cocatalyst is found to dramatically influence the composition of the liquid products. By careful adjustment of the reaction conditions (temperature, ethylene pressure, catalyst loading, and ligand/Cr ratio), the 1-hexene/1-octene molar ratio can be tuned from 0.3 to 20 and a selectivity for 1-octene formation of up to 74% can be achieved.
Loading To Optimize Patellar Tendon Repair After Injury (2020)

PURPOSE: Tendinopathy is one of the most common musculoskeletal issues in jumping sports. In sports like basketball and volleyball, tendinopathy rates reach greater than 45%. Interventions to prevent or treat tendinopathies would improve an athlete’s quality of life and team performance. The goal of any intervention to treat tendinopathy is to increase the content of directionally oriented collagen, decrease pain, and increase the tensile strength of the tendon. This study is designed to determine the molecular changes that promote tendon repair. METHODS: Patellar tendon injury was induced in male Wistar Rats with a 2mm biopsy punch. Rats then recovered with normal cage activity for 15 days to allow a mature scar to form. Following scar formation, groups received either an isometric load (4 x 30 second contraction, 2 min rest) or an equivalent time under tension using dynamic loads (360 contractions lasting 333ms each). The injured region of the tendon was collected 18 hrs after loading and immediately frozen. RNA was isolated from the tendon for RT-qPCR determination of genes involved in tendon (collagen I, III, lysyl oxidase, and scleraxis) and fibrocartilage (collagen II, aggrecan, tenascin C, and Sox9) formation. RESULTS: Tendon scar formation was confirmed by visual inspection. The injured region showed increased vascularity and greater volume. Our preliminary findings suggest that RNA within the tendon increases from 154.4±20.5μg at baseline to 497.9±128.1μg two weeks after injury. Acute isometric exercise of the scarred tendon decreased RNA in the injured region slightly to 341.1±16.8μg. At the time of submission the gene expression studies are being completed. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study confirms that following injury there is an increase in cell mass (greater RNA) in the scar. Further work on the expression of tendon and cartilaginous genes within the scar will help with the development of a loading program to repair patellar tendinopathy.
Simultaneous estimation of attenuation and structure parameters of aggregated red blood cells from backscatter measurements (2008)

The analysis of the ultrasonic frequency-dependent backscatter coefficient of aggregating red blood cells reveals information about blood structural properties. The difficulty in applying this technique in vivo is due to the frequency-dependent attenuation caused by intervening tissue layers that distorts the spectral content of backscattering properties from blood microstructures. An optimization method is proposed to simultaneously estimate tissue attenuation and blood structure factor. With in vitro experiments, the method gave satisfactory estimates with relative errors below 22% for attenuations between 0.101 and 0.317 dBcmMHz, signal-to-noise ratios>28 dB and kR<2.7 (k being the wave number and R the aggregate radius).
Data from A Bispecific Antibody-IFNα2b Immunocytokine Targeting CD20 and HLA-DR Is Highly Toxic to Human Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The short circulating half-life and side effects of IFNα affect its dosing schedule and efficacy. Fusion of IFNα to a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (MAb-IFNα) can enhance potency due to increased tumor localization and improved pharmacokinetics. We report the generation and characterization of the first bispecific MAb-IFNα, designated 20-C2-2b, which comprises two copies of IFNα2b and a stabilized F(ab)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; of hL243 (humanized anti–HLA-DR; IMMU-114) site-specifically linked to veltuzumab (humanized anti-CD20). &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt;, 20-C2-2b inhibited each of four lymphoma and eight myeloma cell lines, and was more effective than monospecific CD20-targeted MAb-IFNα or a mixture comprising the parental antibodies and IFNα in all but one (HLA-DR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/CD20&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) myeloma line, suggesting that 20-C2-2b should be useful in the treatment of various hematopoietic malignancies. 20-C2-2b displayed greater cytotoxicity against KMS12-BM (CD20&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/HLA-DR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; myeloma) compared with monospecific MAb-IFNα, which targets only HLA-DR or CD20, indicating that all three components in 20-C2-2b could contribute to toxicity. Our findings indicate that a given cell's responsiveness to MAb-IFNα depends on its sensitivity to IFNα and the specific antibodies, as well as the expression and density of the targeted antigens. Cancer Res; 70(19); 7600–9. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Swap and Expansion moves revisited and fused (2009)

Many solutions to computer vision and image processing problems involve the minimization of multi-label energy functions with up to K variables in each term. In the minimization process, Swap and Expansion are two commonly used moves. This paper re-derives the optimal swap and expansion moves for K = 2 in a short manner by using the original pseudo-Boolean quadratic function minimization method as a “black box”. It is then revealed that the found minima w.r.t. expansion moves are in fact also minima w.r.t. swap moves. This process is repeated for K = 3. The minima-related result is extended to all functions under the condition that they are reduced into submodular ones, which makes it applicable to all expansion algorithms. These may explain the prevalent impression that expansion algorithms are more effective than swap algorithms. To make the search space larger, Exwap - a generalization of the expansion and the swap moves - is introduced. Efficient algorithms for minimizing w.r.t. it for K = 2 (including a `truncation' procedure), K = 3, and the Pn Potts model are provided. The move is capable of reaching lower energies than those reached by the expansion algorithm, as demonstrated for several benchmark problems.
Spatial Effects of Livestock Farming on Human Infections with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Small But Densely Populated Regions: The Case of the Netherlands (2020)

The role of environmental transmission of typically foodborne pathogens like Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) O157 is increasingly recognized. To gain more insights, we assessed the spatial association between sporadic STEC O157 human infections and the exposure to livestock (i.e. small ruminants, cattle, poultry, and pigs) in a densely populated country: the Netherlands. This was done for the years 2007-2016, using a state-of-the-art spatial analysis method in which hexagonal areas with different sizes (90, 50, 25 and 10 km2) were used in combination with a novel probability of exposure metric: the population-weighted number of animals per hexagon. To identify risk factors for STEC O157 infections and their population attributable fraction (PAF), a spatial regression model was fitted using integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA). Living in hexagonal areas of 25, 50 and 90 km2 with twice as much population-weighted small ruminants was associated with an increase of the incidence rate of human STEC O157 infections in summer (RR of 1.09 [95%CI;1.01-1.17], RR of 1.17 [95%CI;1.07-1.28] and RR of 1.13 [95%CI;1.01-1.26]), with a PAF of 49% (95%CI;8-72%). Results indicate a potential transmission of STEC O157 from small ruminants to humans via the environment. However, the underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation and could offer new targets for control. Furthermore, the newly proposed exposure metric has potential to improve existing spatial modelling studies on infectious diseases related to livestock exposure, especially in densely populated countries like the Netherlands.
An Avocado Extract Enriched in Mannoheptulose Prevents the Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet in Mice (2021)

Beginning at 16 weeks of age and continuing for 44 weeks, male C57BL/6J were fed either a control (CON) diet; a high-fat (HF) diet (60% unsaturated); or the HF diet containing an extract of unripe avocados (AvX) enriched in the 7-carbon sugar mannoheptulose (MH), designed to act as a glycolytic inhibitor (HF + MH). Compared to the CON diet, mice on the HF diet exhibited higher body weights; body fat; blood lipids; and leptin with reduced adiponectin levels, insulin sensitivity, VO2max, and falls from a rotarod. Mice on the HF + MH diet were completely protected against these changes in the absence of significant diet effects on food intake. Compared to the CON diet, oxidative stress was also increased by the HF diet indicated by higher levels of total reactive oxygen species, superoxide, and peroxynitrite measured in liver samples by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, whereas the HF + MH diet attenuated these changes. Compared to the CON, the HF diet increased signaling in the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and the addition of the MH-enriched AvX to this diet attenuated these changes. Beyond generating further interest in the health benefits of avocados, these results draw further new attention to the effects of this rare sugar, MH, as a botanical intervention for preventing obesity.
Critical Transitions in the Biofabrication of Abalone Shells and Flat Pearls (1996)

Analyses of biopolymer/calcium carbonate composites grown on inorganic abiotic substrates implanted between the shell and the shell-secreting epithelium of live red abalones (Haliotis rufescens) provide detailed spatial and temporal data on the in vivo assembly process that generates the shell. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of the growth of these flat pearl composites reveal that biomineralization is initiated by the deposition of an organic sheet on the implanted substrate, followed by the growth of a calcite layer with preferred {10.4} orientation and, finally, by the growth of nacreous aragonite. The calcite layer is structurally similar to the green organic/calcite heterolayer of native shell nacre. It comprises 0.2−2.0-μm-diameter elongated crystallites of typical geological habits in various aggregate arrangements. The shell also contains an external layer of (00.1)-oriented prismatic calcite, which is deposited on one edge of a flat pearl and has a morphology similar to that of the {10.4}-oriented calcite layer. The transition from {10.4}-oriented calcite to aragonite in both the shell and the flat pearl is abrupt. In vitro calcium carbonate growth experiments reveal that a similar calcite-to-aragonite transition is induced by the addition of soluble proteins isolated from the aragonitic nacre. The growth of flat pearls is highly sensitive to physical and chemical properties of the abiotic substrate. Either roughened or hydrophobic substrates result in abnormal arrangements of the basal calcite layer, which are corrected for by a reinitiation of the biomineralization process, beginning with the deposition of an organic sheet. Insertion of flat pearls as substrates, however, results in continued nacre growth without the deposition of an organic sheet and a calcite layer.
Matter and Spirit in The Seagull (1998)

At the end of the most recent National Theatre production of The Seagull (1994) in London, the lights faded to leave a single spot tightly focussed on the outspread wings of a disconcertingly large, yet elegant, stuffed seagull. It was clear that, for the sake of theatrical closure, a symbol had landed. But the audience seemed distinctly unclear about how to react. It was embarrassed by the director's assumption that it could do something with this object, make it mean more, rescue it from a state of semiotic aporia. It was a fine specimen of something from within the bird family, but it might as well have been an albatross. It was a theatrical false note of deafening corniness, and yet it epitomized a much deeper, common failure in recent professional productions of the play.
Ohmic Heating (2001)

This chapter reviews ohmic heating in relation to mechanisms and kinetics contributing to microbial death. Ohmic or electrical resistance heating involves an application of a low-voltage alternating current to a continuously flowing food product. Ohmic process can deliver high quality food particles with good integrity and microbiological safety. Ohmic heating could also produce better quality highly viscous and heat-sensitive food products than conventional heating for the same reason of internal heat generation. More studies also suggest that a mild electrical permeation mechanism may be at play during ohmic heating. Nonthermal lethal effect of ohmic treatment may be due to the low frequency of ohmic heating, which allows cell walls to build up charges and form pores. Ohmic heating offers an attractive alternative, because it heats materials by internal heat generation, but without some of the nonuniformities commonly associated with microwave heating.