gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous demodulation and slow light of differential phase-shift keying signals using stimulated-Brillouin-scattering-based optical filtering in fiber (2007)

For the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate simultaneous demodulation and slow-light delay of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals at flexible bit rates using the stimulated-Brillouin-scattering-based optical filtering effect in optical fiber. Both 10 and 2.5 Gbit/s DPSK signals have been demodulated and delayed with excellent performances. In the case of the 10 Gbit/s DPSK signal, after demodulation the tunable delay range with error-free operation is about 50 ps, which we believe is the best result obtained for 10 Gbit/s slow-light demonstrations. For the 2.5 Gbit/s DPSK signal, the optimal sensitivity after demodulation is -36.5 dBm, which is comparable with the back-to-back sensitivity of a 2.5 Gbit/s nonreturn-to-zero signal.
Architecture and Assembly of a Divergent Member of the ParM Family of Bacterial Actin-like Proteins (2011)

Eubacteria and archaea contain a variety of actin-like proteins (ALPs) that form filaments with surprisingly diverse architectures, assembly dynamics, and cellular functions. Although there is much data supporting differences between ALP families, there is little data regarding conservation of structure and function within these families. We asked whether the filament architecture and biochemical properties of the best-understood prokaryotic actin, ParM from plasmid R1, are conserved in a divergent member of the ParM family from plasmid pB171. Previous work demonstrated that R1 ParM assembles into filaments that are structurally distinct from actin and the other characterized ALPs. They also display three biophysical properties thought to be essential for DNA segregation: 1) rapid spontaneous nucleation, 2) symmetrical elongation, and 3) dynamic instability. We used microscopic and biophysical techniques to compare and contrast the architecture and assembly of these related proteins. Despite being only 41% identical, R1 and pB171 ParMs polymerize into nearly identical filaments with similar assembly dynamics. Conservation of the core assembly properties argues for their importance in ParM-mediated DNA segregation and suggests that divergent DNA-segregating ALPs with different assembly properties operate via different mechanisms.
Photomask design method for pattern-integrated interference lithography (2016)

Pattern-integrated interference lithography (PIIL) combines multibeam interference lithography and projection lithography simultaneously to produce two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) periodic-lattice-based microstructures in a rapid, single-exposure step. Using a comprehensive PIIL vector model and realistic photolithographic conditions, PIIL exposures for a representative photonic-crystal (PhC) 90 deg bend waveguide are simulated in the volume of the photoresist film. The etched structures in the underlying substrate are estimated as well. Due to the imperfect integration of the photomask within the interference pattern, the interference pattern is locally distorted, thereby impacting the PhC periodic lattice and potentially the device performance. To mitigate these distortions, a photomask optimization method for PIIL is presented in this work. With an improved photomask, pillar-area and pillar-displacement errors in the vicinity of the waveguide are reduced by factors of 3.3 and 2.7, respectively. Furthermore, calculated transmission spectra show that the performance of the PIIL-produced PhC device is as good as that of its idealized equivalent.
Active Thermal Control of Distributed Parameter Systems With Application to Testing of Packaged IC Devices (2003)

Active control of the die-level temperature is desirable during production testing of high power microprocessors, so as to ensure accurate performance classification. Such control requires that the controlling thermal load time-lead the dissipated thermal load and that it be modulated to account for the distributed thermal capacitance and resistance of the device packaging. The analysis in this paper demonstrates fundamental limits of temperature control for typical devices under test conditions. These limits are identified for specified control power to die power ratios. The effects of test sequence design and device package design on the temperature control limits are also examined. The theory developed can be applied to any thermal control problem where a conductive medium separates the control source from the location where control is desired.
H+O: Unified Egocentric Recognition of 3D Hand-Object Poses and\n Interactions (2019)

We present a unified framework for understanding 3D hand and object\ninteractions in raw image sequences from egocentric RGB cameras. Given a single\nRGB image, our model jointly estimates the 3D hand and object poses, models\ntheir interactions, and recognizes the object and action classes with a single\nfeed-forward pass through a neural network. We propose a single architecture\nthat does not rely on external detection algorithms but rather is trained\nend-to-end on single images. We further merge and propagate information in the\ntemporal domain to infer interactions between hand and object trajectories and\nrecognize actions. The complete model takes as input a sequence of frames and\noutputs per-frame 3D hand and object pose predictions along with the estimates\nof object and action categories for the entire sequence. We demonstrate\nstate-of-the-art performance of our algorithm even in comparison to the\napproaches that work on depth data and ground-truth annotations.\n
Circumferential Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 in Human Coronary Atherosclerosis (1996)

Atherosclerotic plaque rupture may occur when regions of weakened extracellular matrix are subjected to increased mechanical stresses. Since collagen is a major determinant of extracellular matrix strength, enzymes that degrade collagen may play an important role in destabilizing the atherosclerotic lesion. To test the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinase 1 (interstitial collagenase, or MMP-1), which initiates degradation of fibrillar collagens, colocalizes with increased stress in the fibrous cap of the atherosclerotic lesion, 12 unruptured human coronary lesions were studied. Finite-element analysis was used to determine the distribution of stress in the lesion, with estimates of material properties from previous measurements of human tissues. A computerized image analysis system was used to determine the distribution of immunoreactive MMP-1 within the fibrous tissue of the lesion. There was a significant correlation between immunoreactive MMP-1 and circumferential tensile stress in the fibrous cap within a given lesion (median Spearman rank correlation coefficient, .36; interquartile range, -.02 to .81; P < .02). Within a given lesion, the highest-stress region had twofold greater MMP-1 expression than the lowest-stress regions. In unruptured human atherosclerotic coronary lesions, overexpression of MMP-1 is associated with increased circumferential stress in the fibrous plaque. Degradation and weakening of the collagenous extracellular matrix at these critical high-stress regions may play a role in the pathogenesis of plaque rupture and acute ischemic syndromes.
Generation and Transmission of 21.4-Gbaud PDM 64-QAM Using a Novel High-Power DAC Driving a Single I/Q Modulator (2011)

We generate a single-carrier 21.4-Gbaud polarization-division-multiplexed (PDM) 64-ary quadrature-amplitude-modulated (QAM) signal (256.8-Gb/s line rate) using a single in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) optical modulator driven by 8-level electrical waveforms from a novel high-power digital-to-analog converter (DAC). We measure a required optical signal-to-noise ratio of 29.5 dB (0.1-nm reference bandwidth; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> bit-error rate), 4.6-dB off the theoretical limit. Using ultra-large-area fiber, we achieve 400-km single-channel transmission. The DAC was also used to obtain excellent results with quadrature-phase-shift-keyed and 16-QAM signals at 21.4 Gbaud.
Efficacy of Chest Physiotherapy in Pediatric Patients With Acute Asthma Exacerbations (2009)

To determine the effectiveness of chest physiotherapy (CPT) in children hospitalized with asthma exacerbations and provide evidence-based support for this therapy. Prospective-controlled randomized study of 40 hospitalized children (4–18 years) with diagnosed asthma. Patients were classified (mild or moderate/severe asthma), then randomized to the intervention (+CPT; 6 treatments [1 every 4 h for 24 h]) or control (−CPT) group. Outcome endpoints at (t = 0 h; baseline) and end (t = 24 h) of the study were improvement in airway resistance (AR) between groups, ability to be weaned from supplemental oxygen, degree of improvement in respiratory distress measured by thoraco-abdominal motion, phase angle (PA), and improvement in peak flow (PF) measurements. AR was unchanged in both groups and was within standard limits for age, height, and gender. There was no difference between treatment groups (+CPT vs. −CPT) over time. Oxygen saturations were normal as a function of group and over time. PA decreased (P < 0.005) in both groups over the same time interval, suggesting overall improvement in synchrony. An improvement (P < 0.005) in PF measurements was shown in both groups over time. All of the above findings were independent of CPT. Endpoint parameters of asthma recovery improved overall in pediatric patients hospitalized with asthma independent of CPT. These findings suggest that with standard emergency room stabilization, the expense, time, and effort involved in treating hospitalized patients with status asthmaticus by CPT may not be justifiable.
Isorhamnetin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Activation in Human Bladder Cancer Cells (2019)

Isorhamnetin is an O-methylated flavonol that is predominantly found in the fruits and leaves of various plants, which have been used for traditional herbal remedies. Although several previous studies have reported that this flavonol has diverse health-promoting effects, evidence is still lacking for the underlying molecular mechanism of its anti-cancer efficacy. In this study, we examined the anti-proliferative effect of isorhamnetin on human bladder cancer cells and found that isorhamnetin triggered the gap 2/ mitosis (G2/M) phase cell arrest and apoptosis. Our data showed that isorhamnetin decreased the expression of Wee1 and cyclin B1, but increased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21<sup>WAF1/CIP1</sup>, and increased p21 was bound to Cdk1. In addition, isorhamnetin-induced apoptosis was associated with the increased expression of the Fas/Fas ligand, reduced ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) expression, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspases. Moreover, isorhamnetin inactivated the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by diminishing the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production due to impaired mitochondrial function. Furthermore, isorhamnetin stimulated production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, the interruption of ROS generation using a ROS scavenger led to an escape from isorhamnetin-mediated G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, this is the first report to show that isorhamnetin inhibited the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells by ROS-dependent arrest of the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis. Therefore, our results provide an important basis for the interpretation of the anti-cancer mechanism of isorhamnetin in bladder cancer cells and support the rationale for the need to evaluate more precise molecular mechanisms and in vivo anti-cancer properties.
Spatial apodisation using modular composite structures (2003)

A method that utilizes the unique properties of ceramic-epoxy-composite transducers is presented. The manufacture and evaluation of a modular, rectangular composite transducer, in which the volume fraction reduces from the center outward in a controlled manner, is described. Because output pressure is a direct function of volume fraction, transmission beam shading can be achieved in a relatively straightforward manner. Results illustrating the expected improvement in beam characteristics are presented. These are shown to compare favorably with theoretical expectations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Investigation of relaxation processes in thermally-aged XLPE cable models (2002)

The results of thermally stimulated discharging current (TSDC) and DC isothermal charging/discharging current measurement, performed on pretreated and thermally aged XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) cable models, are presented. A /spl beta/ relaxation, related to the glass-rubber transition of the amorphous region, and a high-temperature peak, likely due to charge polarization and related to the melting of the crystalline region, were found in the TSDC spectra. A TSDC peak with a maximum at 55/spl deg/C appeared with thermal aging. This process was also pointed out by isothermal discharging current measurement and was mainly ascribed to charge polarization. Correlations between the changes of intensity and temperature location of TSDC peaks with aging and changes of other properties as well (melting enthalpy and temperature, glass-transition temperature, etc.) were established.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Investigation of space flight effects on Escherichia coli and a proposed model of underlying physical mechanisms (1997)

Previous investigations have reported that space flight may produce a stimulating effect on microbial metabolism; however, the specific underlying mechanisms associated with the observed changes have not yet been identified. In an effort to systematically evaluate the effect of space flight on each phase of microbial growth (lag, exponential and stationary), a series of experiments was carried out using in vitro suspension cultures of Escherichia coli aboard seven US Space Shuttle missions. The results indicated that, as a result of space flight, the lag phase was shortened, the duration of exponential growth was increased, and the final cell population density was approximately doubled. A model was derived from these cumulative data in an attempt t associate gravity-dependent, extracellular transport phenomena with unique changes observed in each specific phase of growth. It is suggested that a cumulative effect of gravity may have a significant impact on suspended cells via their fluid environment, where an immediate, direct influence of gravity might otherwise be deemed negligible.
Effects of the Encapsulation Membrane in Operando Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (2022)

Nanoscale tailoring of catalytic materials and Li-battery alternatives has elevated the importance of <i>in situ</i> gas-phase electron microscopy. Such advanced techniques are often performed using an environmental cell inserted into a conventional S/TEM setup, as this method facilitates concurrent electrochemical and temperature stimulations in a convenient and cost-effective manner. However, these cells are made by encapsulating gas between two insulating membranes, which introduces additional electron scattering. We have evaluated strengths and limitations of the gas-phase E-cell S/TEM technique, both experimentally and through simulations, across a variety of practical parameters. We reveal the degradation of image quality in an E-cell setup from various components and explore opportunities to improve imaging quality through intelligent choice of experimental parameters. Our results underscore the benefits of using an E-cell STEM technique, due to its versatility and excellent ability to suppress the exotic contributions from the membrane device.
Mortality in Laboratory Colonies of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Treated with Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycetes) (1993)

Laboratory experiments were done to evaluate doses of the fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin applied to colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. When conidial suspensions were sprayed on laboratory colonies with 13,000–34,000 workers, cumulative mortality (mean ± SEM) after 10 d ranged from 53 ± 7.2 to 82 ± 7.2% in colonies treated with 0.125–2.0 g of conidia. Fungal sporulation was highest on the cadavers collected 3–10 d after treatment. When powder formulations containing diatomaceous earth and 104−1011 conidia per gram were applied directly onto ants in colonies containing 1 g of ant workers (≈ 800 ants) in 240-ml cups, doses of >104 conidia per ant caused significant mortality (36–100%). More than 99% of ants were killed by application of a dose of 106 conidia per ant, whether or not ants were maintained in soil after treatment. Applications in which conidia were mixed into soil caused mortalities of < 10%with a dose of 106 conidia per ant and <60% with the highest dose of 108 conidia per ant. Susceptibility of the ants to the fungus was high even when insects were maintained in large groups as long as good pathogen-host contact occurred. Level of contact was not adequate to achieve high levels of mortality when conidia were mixed into soil.
High modulus polycrystalline 3C-SiC technology for RF MEMS (2004)

In this paper, we present substantial progress toward achieving a high modulus poly-SiC technology which lays the groundwork for SiC-based microresonators. We report the development of a single-precursor, in situ doped SiC low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process in a commercial horizontal reactor, as well as the development of a highly selective reactive ion etching process for SiC with the highest reported etch selectivity to SiO/sub 2/. Folded-flexure SiC comb-drive resonators are fabricated and tested at audio frequencies. The measured acoustic velocity of 15 km/s and Young's modulus of 710 GPa are the highest reported to date for poly-SiC films.
AddBiomechanics: Automating model scaling, inverse kinematics, and inverse dynamics from human motion data through sequential optimization (2023)

Creating large-scale public datasets of human motion biomechanics could unlock data-driven breakthroughs in our understanding of human motion, neuromuscular diseases, and assistive devices. However, the manual effort currently required to process motion capture data and quantify the kinematics and dynamics of movement is costly and limits the collection and sharing of large-scale biomechanical datasets. We present a method, called AddBiomechanics, to automate and standardize the quantification of human movement dynamics from motion capture data. We use linear methods followed by a non-convex bilevel optimization to scale the body segments of a musculoskeletal model, register the locations of optical markers placed on an experimental subject to the markers on a musculoskeletal model, and compute body segment kinematics given trajectories of experimental markers during a motion. We then apply a linear method followed by another non-convex optimization to find body segment masses and fine tune kinematics to minimize residual forces given corresponding trajectories of ground reaction forces. The optimization approach requires approximately 3-5 minutes to determine a subjecťs skeleton dimensions and motion kinematics, and less than 30 minutes of computation to also determine dynamically consistent skeleton inertia properties and fine-tuned kinematics and kinetics, compared with about one day of manual work for a human expert. We used AddBiomechanics to automatically reconstruct joint angle and torque trajectories from previously published multi-activity datasets, achieving close correspondence to expert-calculated values, marker root-mean-square errors less than <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mspace></mml:mspace><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:math>, and residual force magnitudes smaller than <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>%</mml:mi></mml:math> of peak external force. Finally, we confirmed that AddBiomechanics accurately reproduced joint kinematics and kinetics from synthetic walking data with low marker error and residual loads. We have published the algorithm as an open source cloud service at AddBiomechanics.org, which is available at no cost and asks that users agree to share processed and de-identified data with the community. As of this writing, hundreds of researchers have used the prototype tool to process and share about ten thousand motion files from about one thousand experimental subjects. Reducing the barriers to processing and sharing high-quality human motion biomechanics data will enable more people to use state-of-the-art biomechanical analysis, do so at lower cost, and share larger and more accurate datasets.
TNF-α neutralization ameliorates obstruction-induced renal fibrosis and dysfunction (2006)

Upper urinary tract obstruction results in tubulointerstitial fibrosis and a progressive decline in renal function. Although several inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathophysiology of renal obstruction, the contribution of TNF-alpha to obstruction-induced fibrosis and renal dysfunction has not been thoroughly evaluated. To study this, male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left unilateral ureteral obstruction vs. sham operation. Rats received either vehicle or a pegylated form of soluble TNF receptor type 1 (PEG-sTNFR1) every 84 h. The kidneys were harvested 1, 3, or 7 days postoperatively, and tissue samples were analyzed for TNF-alpha expression (ELISA), macrophage infiltration (ED-1 staining), transforming growth factor-beta(1) expression (ELISA, RT-PCR), collagen I and IV activity (Western Blot, immunohistochemistry), alpha-smooth muscle actin accumulation (immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis), and angiotensinogen expression (Western blot). In a separate arm, the glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) of rats subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction in the presence of either vehicle or PEG-sTNFR1 was determined. Renal obstruction induced increased tissue TNF-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta(1) levels, collagen I and IV activity, interstitial volume, alpha-smooth muscle actin accumulation, angiotensinogen expression, and renal dysfunction, whereas treatment with PEG-sTNFR1 significantly reduced each of these markers of renal fibrosis. These results demonstrate that TNF-alpha mediates obstruction-induced renal fibrosis and identify TNF-alpha neutralization as a potential therapeutic option for the amelioration of obstruction-induced renal injury.