gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Concept of Pressure Sensor Based on Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array for Passive MMID Sensor Networks (2016)

The concept presented in this paper proposes to exploit the structure of a 3-D slotted waveguide antenna array (SWAA) to turn it into a completely passive millimeter-wave identification (MMID) pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is realized by ending the SWAA with a metallic membrane, where the variation of pressure causes a variation in the radar cross section (RCS). The concept is studied across the RCS measurement of the SWAA ended by a sliding short circuit to emulate the membrane deflection. Experimental results show that a sensitivity of 22.46 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /mm of short-circuit displacement is reached at 57.8 GHz. An estimated read range of 1.1 m is considered with an MMID reader compliant with the ETSI European power emission regulation.
Efficient semiconductor light-emitting device and method (1996)

A semiconductor light-emitting device and method. The semiconductor light-emitting device is provided with at least one control layer or control region which includes an annular oxidized portion thereof to channel an injection current into the active region, and to provide a lateral refractive index profile for index guiding the light generated within the device. A periodic composition grading of at least one of the mirror stacks in the device provides a reduced operating voltage of the device. The semiconductor light-emitting device has a high efficiency for light generation, and may be formed either as a resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (RCLED) or as a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL).
Primary Cell Culture of Live Neurosurgically Resected Aged Adult Human Brain Cells and Single Cell Transcriptomics (2017)

Investigation of human CNS disease and drug effects has been hampered by the lack of a system that enables single-cell analysis of live adult patient brain cells. We developed a culturing system, based on a papain-aided procedure, for resected adult human brain tissue removed during neurosurgery. We performed single-cell transcriptomics on over 300 cells, permitting identification of oligodendrocytes, microglia, neurons, endothelial cells, and astrocytes after 3 weeks in culture. Using deep sequencing, we detected over 12,000 expressed genes, including hundreds of cell-type-enriched mRNAs, lncRNAs and pri-miRNAs. We describe cell-type- and patient-specific transcriptional hierarchies. Single-cell transcriptomics on cultured live adult patient derived cells is a prime example of the promise of personalized precision medicine. Because these cells derive from subjects ranging in age into their sixties, this system permits human aging studies previously possible only in rodent systems.
Tahyna virus genetics, infectivity, and immunogenicity in mice and monkeys (2011)

Here we report the first complete sequence of TAHV and present genetic analysis of new-world viruses, LACV, SSHV, and JCV with old-world viruses, TAHV and INKV. Using immune serum generated in monkeys against TAHV, LACV, and JCV, we have demonstrated cross-neutralization within the CEV serogroup. Such cross reactivity may complicate virus identification, especially following JCV infection which elicited antibodies that cross neutralized both LACV and TAHV. These data also suggest that a single vaccine could generate a cross-neutralizing antibody response which may provide protection against CEV serogroup viruses from a wide geographic range.
Agent-Based Simulation Approach to Determine Safety Impacts of Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) in Wayne County, Michigan (2022)

Road safety is one of the major concerns in transportation system management. Safety performance analyses usually assess crash frequencies and the impacts of countermeasures on the number of crashes. However, the advent of new mobility solutions makes safety evaluation more challenging; data tend to be sparse, and the impacts of such services on demand and the performance of the broader network is not completely understood. This paper attempts to fill this gap by creating a novel method to estimate the safety impacts of Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) services. Using an agent-based mesoscopic model in the Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) Toolkit, we simulate DRT as a new mobility solution in Wayne County, Michigan, and obtain spatial and temporal distributions of traffic volume and operating speed to predict the frequency and severity of crashes. We tested for different DRT service designs, such as fleet size, detour tolerance, and initial placement of the fleet. Our findings indicate that introducing a DRT service on its own increases vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) by 22% and consequently the number of crashes by 17%. However, this impact could be ameliorated by increasing the detour tolerance, which can significantly increase the number of shared rides and decreases the crash frequency (10.8%) and crash severity as a result of a lower VKT (15%). The output of the proposed framework serves as a starting point of a safety performance evaluation using an agent-based simulation approach to achieve a safe and successful implementation of shared mobility services in large-scale urbanized areas.
Comparison of treatment outcomes between 10 and 20 EEG electrode location system-guided and neuronavigation-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in chronic tinnitus patients and target localization in the Asian brain (2017)

The 10-20 EEG coordinates of the AC in Asians were significantly different to those in Caucasians. To accurately aim for the AC in Asians, it is recommended that the rTMS be located 1.8 cm superior to the T3 and 0.6 cm posterior to the T3-Cz line. However, because the spatial resolution of the TMS is rather low, this difference probably was not reflected in the treatment outcome.
Temporally Factorized Network Modeling for Evolutionary Network Analysis (2017)

The problem of evolutionary network analysis has gained increasing attention in recent years, because of an increasing number of networks, which are encountered in temporal settings. For example, social networks, communication networks, and information networks continuously evolve over time, and it is desirable to learn interesting trends about how the network structure evolves over time, and in terms of other interesting trends. One challenging aspect of networks is that they are inherently resistant to parametric modeling, which allows us to truly express the edges in the network as functions of time. This is because, unlike multidimensional data, the edges in the network reflect interactions among nodes, and it is difficult to independently model the edge as a function of time, without taking into account its correlations and interactions with neighboring edges. Fortunately, we show that it is indeed possible to achieve this goal with the use of a matrix factorization, in which the entries are parameterized by time. This approach allows us to represent the edge structure of the network purely as a function of time, and predict the evolution of the network over time. This opens the possibility of using the approach for a wide variety of temporal network analysis problems, such as predicting future trends in structures, predicting links, and node-centric anomaly/event detection. This flexibility is because of the general way in which the approach allows us to express the structure of the network as a function of time. We present a number of experimental results on a number of temporal data sets showing the effectiveness of the approach.
The immune tolerance network and rheumatic disease: Immune tolerance comes to the clinic (2001)

The development of effective, new, biologically based therapies for RA has created real excitement and justifiable optimism in recent years among rheumatologists and among patients with rheumatic diseases. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of immune activation and immune tolerance provide further cause for optimism. Against this background, the establishment of the ITN is an important step. However, significant hurdles remain to be cleared. First, despite dramatic scientific progress, restoration of immune tolerance in the face of an established autoimmune response is still an elusive goal, even in the laboratory. Not only does the ITN face this fundamental scientific challenge, but it also faces daunting practical and political challenges. For example, can the ITN influence the research agenda of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries? This question and other important questions will only be answered as the ITN matures. Autoimmune disease, although individually uncommon, affects more than 2% of Americans. The rheumatologist is especially aware of the devastating potential of autoimmune diseases. If the ITN succeeds in linking basic research into the mechanisms of autoimmunity with clinical trials of promising new therapies, it can be expected to play a critical role in advancing the practice of clinical rheumatology.
An Oral Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 (S1P1) Antagonist Prodrug with Efficacy in Vivo: Discovery, Synthesis, and Evaluation (2012)

A prodrug approach to optimize the oral exposure of a series of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P(1)) antagonists for chronic efficacy studies led to the discovery of (S)-2-{[3'-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethylphenylsulfonylamino)-3,5-dimethylbiphenyl-4-carbonyl]methylamino}-4-dimethylaminobutyric acid methyl ester 14. Methyl ester prodrug 14 is hydrolyzed in vivo to the corresponding carboxylic acid 15, a potent and selective S1P(1) antagonist. Oral administration of the prodrug 14 induces sustained peripheral blood lymphocyte reduction in rats. In a rat cardiac transplantation model coadministration of a nonefficacious dose of prodrug 14 with a nonefficacious dose of sotrastaurin (19), a protein kinase C inhibitor, or everolimus (20), an mTOR inhibitor, effectively prolonged the survival time of rat cardiac allografts. This demonstrates that clinically useful immunomodulation mediated by the S1P(1) receptor can be achieved with an S1P(1) antagonist generated in vivo after oral administration of its prodrug.
Microstructure of crystalline polymer blends (1995)

In the present paper we focus on the role that polymeric diluents play in determining the crystalline microstructure of melt-miscible blends. Model blends of poly(ethylene oxide) with two weakly-interacting [PMMA and poly(vinyl acetate)] and two strongly-interacting amorphous polymers [styrene-hydroxystyrene and ethylene-methacrylic acid random copolymers] were examined. Using primarily small-angle x-ray scattering, we have explored the influence of intermolecular interactions and diluent T{sub g} on the microstructure that develops at different crystallization temperatures. The crystallization kinetics and supermolecular structure of these materials have also been examined.
Pharmacological Study on Citrus Fruits. II. Anti-allergic Effect of Fruit of Citrus unshiu MARKOVICH (2). On Flavonoid Components (1991)

A study was carried out to clarify the active component of green fruit of Citrus unshiu MAKOVICH on the type I allergic reaction. The flavonoid component, isolated from its methanolic extract, hesperidin, was found to inhibit histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of rats induced by compound 48/80. Forty eight-hour homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in intact rats was significantly inhibited by the oral administration of hesperidin. However, the anti-allergic action on PCA was not observed in adrenalectomized rats. These results suggests that hesperidin is an effective component of the fruit of Citrus unshiu with the anti-allergic action against the type I reaction.
Sidewalk Measurements from Satellite Images: Preliminary Findings (2021)

Large-scale analysis of pedestrian infrastructures, particularly sidewalks, is critical to human-centric urban planning and design. Benefiting from the rich data set of planimetric features and high-resolution orthoimages provided through the New York City Open Data portal, we train a computer vision model to detect sidewalks, roads, and buildings from remote-sensing imagery and achieve 83% mIoU over held-out test set. We apply shape analysis techniques to study different attributes of the extracted sidewalks. More specifically, we do a tile-wise analysis of the width, angle, and curvature of sidewalks, which aside from their general impacts on walkability and accessibility of urban areas, are known to have significant roles in the mobility of wheelchair users. The preliminary results are promising, glimpsing the potential of the proposed approach to be adopted in different cities, enabling researchers and practitioners to have a more vivid picture of the pedestrian realm.
Tracking of cell surface receptors by fluorescence digital imaging microscopy using a charge-coupled device camera: Low-density lipoprotein and influenza virus receptor mobility at 4°C (1992)

A fluorescence imaging system, based on using a cooled slow-scan CCD camera, has been developed for tracking receptors on the surfaces of living cells. The technique is applicable to receptors for particles such as lipoproteins and viruses that can be labeled with a few tens of fluorophores. The positions of single particles in each image are determined to within 25 nm by fitting the fluorescence distribution to a two-dimensional Gaussian function. This procedure also provides an accurate measure of intensity, which is used as a tag for automated tracking of particles from frame to frame. The method is applied to an investigation of the mobility of receptors for LDL and influenza virus particles on human dermal fibroblasts at 4 degrees C. In contrast to previous studies by FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching), it is found that receptors have a low but measurable mobility at 4 degrees C. Analysis of individual particle tracks indicates that whilst some receptors undergo random diffusion, others undergo directed motion (flow) or diffusion restricted to a domain. A procedure is proposed for subdividing receptors according to their different types of motion and hence determining their motional parameters. The finding that receptors are not completely immobilised at 4 degrees C is significant for studies of receptor distributions performed at this temperature.
Laser flash photolysis of haematoporphyrins in some homogeneous and heterogeneous environments (1984)

Nanosecond laser flash photolysis has been used to generate and characterise the triplet state of haematoporphyrin in a number of homogeneous and microheterogeneous environments. First-order triplet decay rate constants lie in the range (1–3)× 104 s–1 in detergents and homogeneous environments but are higher [(4–6)× 104 s–1] in liposomal and cellular environments. Values of the singlet–triplet extinction coefficients reflect the degree of aggregation of the haematoporphyrin in the various environments and imply that aggregation is extensive in phosphate buffers, liposomal and cellular environments but is small in detergents and homogeneous solution. Quantum yields for triplet formation are near unity for all the systems studied.
Stabilization Of Combustion Of Sprayed Fuel (1995)

Several modifications of nozzle spraying liquid propellant into combustion chamber proposed to stabilize combustion. Proposed changes in design of nozzle alter flow field in combustion chamber, according to fluid-mechanical principles, in such way as to suppress oscillations. Various alternative nozzle configurations include bluff or toroidal body to generate turbulence. Other features helping to suppress oscillations include down-stream recirculation zones, baffles, and damping cavities. Similar modifications help to suppress oscillations in industrial combustion chambers and in commercial and domestic oil-burning furnaces.
Supplementary Table S14 from Human Papillomavirus 42 Drives Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma and Elicits a Germ Cell–like Program Conserved in HPV-Positive Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HPV42 genome structural variants.&lt;/p&gt;
Fetal Alz-50 Clone 1, a Novel Zinc Finger Protein, Binds a Specific DNA Sequence and Acts as a Transcriptional Regulator (1999)

Fetal Alz-50 clone 1 (FAC1) is a novel, developmentally regulated gene that exhibits changes in protein expression and subcellular localization during neuronal development and neurodegeneration. To understand the functional implications of altered subcellular localization, we have established a normal cellular function of FAC1. The FAC1 amino acid sequence contains regional homology to transcriptional regulators. Using the polymerase chain reaction-assisted binding site selection assay, we have identified a DNA sequence recognized by recombinant FAC1. Mutation of any 2 adjacent base pairs in the identified binding site dramatically reduced the binding preference of FAC1, demonstrating that the binding is specific for the identified site. Nuclear extracts from neural and non-neural cell lines contained a DNA-binding activity with similar specificity and nucleotide requirements as the recombinant FAC1 protein. This DNA-binding activity can be attributed to FAC1 since it is dependent upon the presence of FAC1 and behaves identically on a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel as transiently transfected FAC1. In NIH3T3 cells, luciferase reporter plasmids containing the identified binding site (CACAACAC) were repressed by cotransfected FAC1 whether the binding site was proximal or distal to the transcription initiation site. This study indicates that FAC1 is a DNA-binding protein that functions as a transcription factor when localized to the nucleus.
Pheromones And Their Use (2019)

Pheromones are chemicals released by one organism to direct the behavior of other members of its species. Scientists have known since the 1800s that insects are able to call a mating partner by releasing a pheromone. In 1970, when the gypsy moth pheromone, called disparlure, was identified and synthesized, the natural extract bait was replaced by the inexpensive synthetic lure. The early experiences with the gypsy moth and Medfly triggered a considerable fallout of research activities aimed at the identification and utilization of pheromones to help suppress destructive insect populations. A number of sales organizations have concurrently begun to market pheromone products to the US Government, the farmer, and even to the public. The possibility that pheromone traps can be used in the direct control of insects and thereby minimize dependence on insecticides has sparked considerable research. The chapter also presents an overview on the key concepts discussed in this book.
Imaging alloreactive T cells provides early warning of organ transplant rejection (2021)

Diagnosis of organ transplant rejection relies upon biopsy approaches to confirm alloreactive T cell infiltration in the graft. Immune molecular monitoring is under investigation to screen for rejection, though these techniques have suffered from low specificity and lack of spatial information. ImmunoPET utilizing antibodies conjugated to radioisotopes has the potential to improve early and accurate detection of graft rejection. ImmunoPET is capable of noninvasively visualizing the dynamic distribution of cells expressing specific immune markers in the entire body over time. In this work, we identify and characterize OX40 as a surrogate biomarker for alloreactive T cells in organ transplant rejection and monitor its expression by utilizing immunoPET. In a dual murine heart transplant model that has both syngeneic and allogeneic hearts engrafted in bilateral ear pinna on the recipients, OX40 immunoPET clearly depicted alloreactive T cells in the allograft and draining lymph node that were not observed in their respective isograft counterparts. OX40 immunoPET signals also reflected the subject's immunosuppression level with tacrolimus in this study. OX40 immunoPET is a promising approach that may bridge molecular monitoring and morphological assessment for improved transplant rejection diagnosis.
Synthesis of a Labeled RGD−Lipid, Its Incorporation into Liposomal Nanoparticles, and Their Trafficking in Cultured Endothelial Cells (2009)

The use of targeting ligands to enhance the delivery of liposomal nanoparticles (LNs) has moved slowly toward clinical application. This relative lack of clinical progression is further complicated by the existence of conflicting in vivo results in the literature. In this work, we describe new formulations of LNs that are targeted with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-containing peptide, cRGDfK, conjugated to the lipid distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE). These formulations may be able to circumvent some of the challenges encountered during the development of targeted-LNs. Of the constructs studied, a fluorescently labeled peptide-lipid conjugate was incorporated into LNs with high yield and accuracy. It is shown that the resulting targeted-LNs bind to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with increasing avidity as the amount of peptide displayed on the LN surface increases. We specifically demonstrate the ability of targeted-LNs loaded with doxorubicin and incubated with HUVECs to deliver the drug to the cytosol. The cell does not internalize nontargeted LNs, supporting the notion that the RGD motif is associated with internalization of the targeted LN.
Improvements in Alzheimer's disease diagnosis using principle components analysis (PCA) in combination with Raman spectroscopy (2007)

The significant achievements of medical science over the last century are evident in the increasing age of the global population, however this now brings new problems, the most prominent being the growth in the number of people suffering from dementia. Over half the people with dementia in the UK are sufferers of Alzheimer's disease, a condition in which intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles and extraneuronal senile tangles take over neurons prompting their death. A definitive diagnosis is still only currently available post-mortem, whilst current symptom based processes of elimination are far from perfect, especially when the only treatments available are symptom inhibiting drugs. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the Raman spectra taken from brain tissue has proved to be a potential tool in the diagnosis. However, this work now has to be refined in order to progress to tissue less associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The first step of this has already been taken in progressing from frontal tissue to occipital tissue point spectra taken at random positions from bulk tissue. Now we present initial work into acquiring Raman spectral maps from across a tissue area, in pursuit of identifying unique plaque and tangle spectra. These spectra are presented alongside synthetic &#946;-Amyloid spectra, in a study of the role that the peptide plays in the biomarker spectra, and how this information can aid the PCA of bulk tissue, and point towards a Raman spectroscopic test on less sensitive tissue, such as blood.
Paramagnetic rim lesions are associated with pathogenic CSF profiles and worse clinical status in multiple sclerosis: A retrospective cross-sectional study (2022)

PRLs, an emerging noninvasive biomarker of chronic neuroinflammation, are confirmed to be associated with greater disease severity and newly shown to be preliminarily associated with blood-brain barrier disruption.