gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anionic Oligomerization of Styrenein Liquid Ammonia Catalized by Sodium Metal (1964)

液体アンモニア- 有機液媒中におけるナトリウムを用いたスチレンのアニオン低重合反応を検討した。溶媒の極性が大きいと重合収率がよく,生成物の重合度は金属量に比例するほか,温度や溶媒種にも重要な影響をうける。重合の途中で反応を停止すると,モノマー,オリゴスチレンおよびエチルベンゼンがえられ,生成物の鎖端にアミノ基が存在しない,三量体はH-TとT-Tの構造の混合物であることなどから重合反応がまずラジカルアニオンを生じ,ついでラジカルの結合でダイアニオンとなり,続いてアニオン重合が進行すると考えられる。重合に際して認められる赤系の着色は,鎖端のアニオンだけでなく,連鎖単位のα-炭素位のメタル化に基づくスチリルアニオンに起因する。なお,10量体以下の生成物の分子量と極限粘度および屈折率の間に,次の関係式が成立する。[η]25℃benzene=3.86×10-4M0.67,logM=15.81[η25D]-22.33
Video Database for the Development of Stereo-3D Post-Production Algorithms (2011)

This paper introduces a database of freely available stereo-3D content designed to facilitate research in stereo post-production. It describes the structure and content of the database and provides some details about how the material was gathered. The database includes examples of many of the scenarios characteristic to broadcast footage. Material was gathered at different locations including a studio with controlled lighting and both indoor and outdoor on-location sites with more restricted lighting control. The database also includes video sequences with accompanying 3D audio data recorded in an Ambisonics format. An intended consequence of gathering the material is that the database contains examples of degradations that would be commonly present in real-world scenarios. This paper describes one such artefact caused by uneven exposure in the stereo views, causing saturation in the over-exposed view. An algorithm for the restoration of this artefact is proposed in order to highlight the usefuiness of the database.
Oxidative Properties and Chemical Stability of Fluoronanotubes in Matrixes of Binary Inorganic Compounds (2003)

The chemical stability of fluoronanotubes in selected solid inorganic matrixes has been studied by initially mixing and mechanically grinding the components and subsequently heating them at temperatures ranging from 35 to 600 degrees C. The inorganic compounds selected for matrixes included halides (KBr, KI, Lil, LiBr, LiCl, NaCl, Znl2), oxides (Li2O, Fe2O3, PbO, MnO), lithium peroxide (Li2O2), potassium superoxide (KO2), sulfides (Li2S and ZnS), zinc selenide (ZnSe), lithium nitride (Li3N), and aluminum phosphide (AIP). Solid products, resulting from the proceeding chemical reactions, were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM/EDX elemental analysis. Gaseous and volatile products were identified with the help of the TGA/MS technique. Experimental data presented in this paper provide clear evidence that fluoronanotubes are not chemically inert toward the solid matrixes studied and exhibit significant oxidative properties in the redox reactions occurring under various temperatures, depending on the nature of the inorganic compound.
Discovery of PF-04457845: A Highly Potent, Orally Bioavailable, and Selective Urea FAAH Inhibitor (2010)

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an integral membrane serine hydrolase that degrades the fatty acid amide family of signaling lipids, including the endocannabinoid anandamide. Genetic or pharmacological inactivation of FAAH leads to analgesic and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in rodents without showing the undesirable side effects observed with direct cannabinoid receptor agonists, indicating that FAAH may represent an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory pain and other nervous system disorders. Herein, we report the discovery and characterization of a highly efficacious and selective FAAH inhibitor PF-04457845 (23). Compound 23 inhibits FAAH by a covalent, irreversible mechanism involving carbamylation of the active-site serine nucleophile of FAAH with high in vitro potency (k(inact)/K(i) and IC(50) values of 40300 M(-1) s(-1) and 7.2 nM, respectively, for human FAAH). Compound 23 has exquisite selectivity for FAAH relative to other members of the serine hydrolase superfamily as demonstrated by competitive activity-based protein profiling. Oral administration of 23 at 0.1 mg/kg results in efficacy comparable to that of naproxen at 10 mg/kg in a rat model of inflammatory pain. Compound 23 is being evaluated in human clinical trials.
Charge Transfer States in Dilute Donor–Acceptor Blend Organic Heterojunctions (2016)

We study the charge transfer (CT) states in small-molecule blend heterojunctions comprising the nonpolar donor, tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP), and the acceptor, C70, using electroluminescence and steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy along with density functional theory calculations. We find that the CT exciton energy blue shifts as the C70 concentration in the blend is either decreased or increased away from 50 vol %. At 20 K, the increase in CT state lifetime is correlated with the increasing diameter of C70 nanocrystallites in the blends. A quantum confinement model is used to quantitatively describe the dependence of both CT energy and lifetime on the C70 or DBP domain size. Two discrete CT emission peaks are observed for blends whose C70 concentration is >65%, at which point C70 nanocrystallites with diameters >4 nm appear in high-resolution transmission electron micrographs. The presence of two CT states is attributed to coexistence of crystalline C70 and amorphous phases in the blends. Furthermore, analysis of CT dissociation efficiency versus photon energy suggests that the >90% dissociation efficiency of delocalized CT2 states from the crystalline phase significantly contributes to surprisingly efficient photogeneration in highly dilute (>80% C70) DBP/C70 heterojunctions.
Three-Dimensional Structure of the Cross-Reactive Pollen Allergen Che a 3: Visualizing Cross-Reactivity on the Molecular Surfaces of Weed, Grass, and Tree Pollen Allergens (2008)

Two EF-hand calcium-binding allergens (polcalcins) occur in the pollen of a wide variety of unrelated plants as highly cross-reactive allergenic molecules. We report the expression, purification, immunological characterization, and the 1.75-A crystal structure of recombinant Che a 3 (rChe a 3), the polcalcin from the weed Chenopodium album. The three-dimensional structure of rChe a 3 resembles an alpha-helical fold that is essentially identical with that of the two EF-hand allergens from birch pollen, Bet v 4, and timothy grass pollen, Phl p 7. The extensive cross-reactivity between Che a 3 and Phl p 7 is demonstrated by competition experiments with IgE Abs from allergic patients as well as specific Ab probes. Amino acid residues that are conserved for the two EF-hand allergen family were identified in multiple sequence alignments of polcalcins from 15 different plants. Next, the three-dimensional structures of rChe a 3, rPhl p 7, and rBet v 4 were used to identify conserved amino acids with high surface exposition to visualize surface patches as potential targets for the polyclonal IgE Ab response of allergic patients. The essentially identical three-dimensional structures of rChe a 3, rPhl p 7, and rBet v 4 explain the extensive cross-reactivity of allergic patients IgE Abs with two EF-hand allergens from unrelated plants. In addition, analyzing the three-dimensional structures of cross-reactive Ags for conserved and surface exposed amino acids may be a first approach to mapping the conformational epitopes on disease-related Ags that are recognized by polyclonal patient Abs.
Cytotoxicity of the anti‐CD22 immunotoxin HA22 (CAT‐8015) against paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (2010)

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains the most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality in paediatrics and outcome is poor for patients who have high-risk ALL or relapse. HA22 (CAT-8015) is an immunotoxin composed of an anti-CD22 variable fragment linked to a 38 kDa truncated protein derived from Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Using a bone marrow mesenchymal cell culture assay to support ALL cell viability, we investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of HA22 against ALL blasts from newly diagnosed (n = 13) and relapsed patients (n = 22). There was interpatient variability in sensitivity to HA22. Twenty-four of 35 patient samples tested were sensitive (median 50% lethal concentration 3 ng/ml, range 1-80 ng/ml). Blasts from the other 11 patients were not killed by 500 ng/ml HA22. The median 50% lethal concentration was 20 ng/ml for all patients. There was no significant difference in HA22 sensitivity between diagnosis and relapse samples but peripheral blood ALL blasts were more sensitive to HA22 than those from bone marrow (P = 0.008). Thus, HA22, at concentrations achievable in patients, is highly cytotoxic to B-lineage ALL cells. These results provide a strong rationale for clinical testing of this agent in children with drug-resistant ALL and offers the potential to reduce morbidities of treatment while improving outcome.
Lateral distraction injuries to the thoracic and lumbar spine. A report of three cases. (1991)

Three patients sustained a lateral distraction injury to the thoracic or lumbar spine. These injuries were associated with multiple fractures of the ribs and extremities as well as with thoracic and abdominal visceral injuries. No patient had an injury to the spinal cord or cauda equina. The injuries to the spine were successfully treated with open reduction of the unilateral subluxation of the facet joint and with internal fixation with Harrington instrumentation. Fusion was achieved with the spine in anatomical alignment, without any complications, in all three patients.
Transmission control in multilateral system for teletraining (2010)

Abstract Recently, preservation of the skills of experts has become a serious problem in the medical and production fields. It is difficult to acquire human motion, including touching motion, by means of a conventional visual‐based system. Touching motion is inherently bilateral, since an action is always accompanied by a reaction. Bilateral force feedback control is necessary to acquire another person's skill. This paper proposes a haptic teletraining system using multilateral force feedback control. Since the multilateral control transmits haptic information among three or more remote systems, it is possible to train multiple remote trainees simultaneously using one skilled trainer. In the proposed haptic teletraining system, each local system consists of a master‐slave system. Since a touching motion is subject to the law of action and reaction, it is possible to decompose the force information into an action force and a reaction force by using bilateral control. Thus, the skilled motion of a trainer is acquired and saved as a digital database integrated with his haptic information. The proposed system is applied to a one‐trainer/two‐trainee system. As a result, motion including contact with the environment is transmitted and trained with vivid force feedback. The experimental results show the viability of the proposed method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(12): 26–34, 2010; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10237
Update from the DANA consortium on the genetics of bipolar disorder (1996)

S: 1996 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics: III. LINKAGE AND CANDIDATE LOCI FOR THE PSYCHOSES: EMPHASIS ON BIPOLAR DISORDER: PDF Only
Effective Constitutive Relations for Sintered Nano Copper Joints (2022)

Abstract Sintered copper nanoparticles are being considered as alternatives to solder and/or sintered silver in different applications. Like for the alternatives, the interpretation of accelerated fatigue test results does however require modeling, typically involving prediction of stresses and strains versus time and temperature based on constitutive relations. This poses a challenge as the inelastic deformation properties depend strongly on both the initial particles and details of the processing, i.e., unlike for solder general constitutive relations are not possible. This work provides a mechanistic description of the early transient creep of relevance in cycling, including effects of sintering parameters and subsequent oxidation. Inelastic deformation is dominated by diffusion, rather than dislocation motion. Generalized constitutive relations are provided to the extent that quantitative modeling of a specific structure only requires the measurement of a single creep curve for that.
Recursive Distributed Detection for Composite Hypothesis Testing: Algorithms and Asymptotics (2016)

This paper studies recursive composite hypothesis testing in a network of sparsely connected agents. The network objective is to test a simple null hypothesis against a composite alternative concerning the state of the field, modeled as a vector of (continuous) unknown parameters determining the parametric family of probability measures induced on the agents' observation spaces under the hypotheses. Specifically, under the alternative hypothesis, each agent sequentially observes an independent and identically distributed time-series consisting of a (nonlinear) function of the true but unknown parameter corrupted by Gaussian noise, whereas, under the null, they obtain noise only. Two distributed recursive generalized likelihood ratio test type algorithms of the \emph{consensus+innovations} form are proposed, namely $\mathcal{CILRT}$ and $\mathcal{CIGLRT}$, in which the agents estimate the underlying parameter and in parallel also update their test decision statistics by simultaneously processing the latest local sensed information and information obtained from neighboring agents. For $\mathcal{CIGLRT}$, for a broad class of nonlinear observation models and under a global observability condition, algorithm parameters which ensure asymptotically decaying probabilities of errors~(probability of miss and probability of false detection) are characterized. For $\mathcal{CILRT}$, a linear observation model is considered and large deviations decay exponents for the error probabilities are obtained.
Silaindacenodithiophene Semiconducting Polymers for Efficient Solar Cells and High-Mobility Ambipolar Transistors (2010)

Semiconducting silaindacenodithiophene polymers have been synthesized and their semiconducting properties reported. These polymers with low-lying LUMO energy levels exhibit excellent ambipolar behavior in field-effect transistors with both hole and electron mobilities of greater than 0.1 cm2/(V s) recorded, with high power-conversion efficiencies of greater than 4% in solar cell devices.
Miniature Structured Illumination Microscope for in vivo 3D Imaging of Brain Structures with Optical Sectioning (2021)

Abstract We present a high-resolution miniature, light-weight fluorescence microscope with electrowetting lens and onboard CMOS for high resolution volumetric imaging and structured illumination for rejection of out-of-focus and scattered light. The miniature microscope (SIMscope3D) delivers structured light using a coherent fiber bundle to obtain optical sectioning with an axial resolution of 18 μm. Volumetric imaging of eGFP labeled cells in fixed mouse brain tissue at depths up to 220 μm is demonstrated. The functionality of SIMscope3D to provide background free 3D imaging is shown by recording time series of microglia dynamics in awake mice at depths up to 120 μm in the brain.
Initiation and Synergistic Fibrillization of Tau and Alpha-Synuclein (2003)

Alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) and tau polymerize into amyloid fibrils and form intraneuronal filamentous inclusions characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. We demonstrate that alpha-syn induces fibrillization of tau and that coincubation of tau and alpha-syn synergistically promotes fibrillization of both proteins. The in vivo relevance of these findings is grounded in the co-occurrence of alpha-syn and tau filamentous amyloid inclusions in humans, in single transgenic mice that express A53T human alpha-syn in neurons, and in oligodendrocytes of bigenic mice that express wild-type human alpha-syn plus P301L mutant tau. This suggests that interactions between alpha-syn and tau can promote their fibrillization and drive the formation of pathological inclusions in human neurodegenerative diseases.
[Shoulder arthroplasty for osteoarthritis after prior surgery for anterior instability: a report of 27 cases]. (2003)

Osteoarthritis of the shoulder has a long natural history, 26 years in our patients excepting those whose first dislocation occurred after the age of 60 years. Posterior glenoid wear, described by others, was only found in 24% of the shoulders in this series. Surgical dissection and release of anterior scar tissue was difficult. The overall results of arthroplasty were good and were correlated with fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff muscles, particularly the subscapularis, but not with the type of instability surgery. These results were less satisfactory than reported in series of arthroplasty for primary centred osteoarthritis: complications occurred in 18% of the shoulders with three cases of anterior dislocation. Unlike reports of arthroplasty after instability surgery where many of the patients had several operations, overall results in our series were not compromised by a large number of multiple interventions.
Optimization of compact finite difference method for wave acoustic simulation (2008)

Recently, the finite difference method, a tool for wave acoustic simulations, can be applied to practical analysis. However, the numerical dispersion which makes propagation speed in simulations change according to the wave length, is a severe problem to maintain high accuracy in the analysis. The numerical error accompanied by the time integration hinders to carry out an accurate simulation. An examination of a compact finite difference scheme which can approximate differentiation precisely on a comparatively large grid spacing was made. It was shown that the adjusting the coefficients in the compact finite difference scheme can simulate a wave propagation accurately with a small amount of computation. The improvement method of the time integration was also discussed. The possibility of improvement of accuracy through a multi-step integration is shown.
ESR Investigation of Chemical Exchange in Geminally Diphosphorylated Linear Nitroxide Radicals (2004)

For geminally diphosphorylated linear nitroxide radicals, a marked line width alternation (LWA) can be observed. The LWA appears irrespectively whether the investigated radicals R‘ ‘N(O•)C(P(O)(OEt)2)2R‘ contain any chiral group or not. If R‘ ‘ = tert-butyl and R‘ = H, the small β-hydrogen coupling indicates a completely blocked rotation around the N−C σ-bond and the LWA can be assigned to a chemical exchange between conformations in which the phosphoryl groups have a symmetric and a nonsymmetric geometry. The conformational change is accompanied by the deformation of the CP2 bonding angle and the rate of exchange is slowed in pentane for which the solvent molecules can be trapped by the chelating phosphoryl groups. If R‘ ‘ = benzyl, both the proton hyperfine lines of the CH2 group and the phosphorus lines of the CP2 group produce a LWA; two coalescences can be observed. In the case of a chiral R‘ ‘ group (R‘ ‘ = secondary butyl, R‘ = methyl) a tentative four-site model can explain the highly complex LWA.
Bromoform (2001)

[75-25-2] CHBr3 (MW 252.73) InChI = 1S/CHBr3/c2-1(3)4/h1H InChIKey = DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (used in the synthesis of mono- and dibromocyclopropanes,1 allenes2 and cumulenes,3 cyclopentadienes and fulvenes, α- and β-bromo-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, 1,1,3-tribromides, tribromomethyllithium carbonyl adducts, isocyanides,4 α-hydroxy and α-aminoaryl acetic acids) Alternate Name: tribromomethane. Physical Data: mp 8.5 °C; bp 146–150 °C; d 2.827 g cm−3. Solubility: sol acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, petroleum ether. Form Supplied in: commercially available with inhibitors present. Analysis of Reagent Purity: technical (94%) and high purity (99+%). Preparative Method: by reaction of acetone with sodium hypobromite. Purification: wash with concentrated sulfuric acid and then water. The liquid is dried over CaCl2 or K2CO3 then fractionally distilled. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store in closed containers away from light. Diphenylamine and ethanol are commonly used inhibitors. Do not breathe vapors as addiction may occur. Suspected cancer agent; lachrymator. Use in a fume hood.
Free light chains injure proximal tubule cells through the STAT1/HMGB1/TLR axis (2020)

Free light chains (FLCs) induce inflammatory pathways in proximal tubule cells (PTCs). The role of TLRs in these responses is unknown. Here we present findings on the role of TLRs in FLC-induced PTC injury. We exposed human kidney PTC cultures to κ and λ FLCs and used cell supernatants and pellets for ELISA and gene expression studies. We also analyzed tissues from Stat1-/- and littermate control mice treated with daily i.p. injections of a κ FLC for 10 days. FLCs increased the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 via HMGB1, a damage-associated molecular pattern. Countering TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 through GIT-27 or specific TLR siRNAs reduced downstream cytokine responses. Blocking HMGB1 through siRNA or pharmacologic inhibition, or via STAT1 inhibition, reduced FLC-induced TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 expression. Blocking endocytosis of FLCs through silencing of megalin/cubilin, with bafilomycin A1 or hypertonic sucrose, attenuated FLC-induced cytokine responses in PTCs. IHC showed decreased TLR4 and TLR6 expression in kidney sections from Stat1-/- mice compared with their littermate controls. PTCs exposed to FLCs released HMGB1, which induced expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6 and downstream inflammation. Blocking FLCs' endocytosis, Stat1 knockdown, HMGB1 inhibition, and TLR knockdown each rescued PTCs from FLC-induced injury.
The relationship between residual limb health, motion within the socket, and prosthetic suspension (2022)

Residual limb health is critical for continued prosthesis use; however, many prosthesis users experience skin-related breakdown. The interface between the residual limb and the prosthetic socket sets the local mechanical environment and plays a role in skin stresses. Motion of the residual limb in the socket adds additional mechanical strain on the limb. This article explores the relationship between motion of the limb in the socket and residual limb health. We evaluated current methods for assessing residual limb health and motion of the residual limb in the socket and compared these evaluations across different prosthetic suspension systems. While few direct studies comparing residual limb health and motion exist, it has been shown that elevated vacuum suspension systems result in both improved residual limb health compared to passive suction and pin-lock systems and decreased motion compared to passive suction, pin-lock, knee sleeve, and anatomical suspension systems. While motion and health have not been directly linked, elevated vacuum suspension may demonstrate a relationship that reduced motion of the residual limb in the socket improves residual limb health. Further evaluation in this area is necessary to more completely and directly understand the relationship between residual limb motion and residual limb health.
Design and technology co-optimization near single-digit nodes (2014)

As we approach single-digit nodes, traditional design for manufacturability is augmented through several methodologies and design paradigms such as design-technology co-optimization (DTCO), systematic yield limiters optimization (SYLO), and design retargeting. We discuss triple-patterning and spacer-based multiple patterning and their design implications as these technologies will be necessary to cruise us to single-digit nodes. With the help of DTCO, there seems to be a clear path to sub-10nm with or without extreme ultra-violet lithography.