gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inductive effects on the structure of proline residues (1994)

4(S)-Hydroxyproline (Hyp) residues constitute about 10% of most forms of collagen, the most abundant protein in vertebrates. X-Ray diffraction analysis was used to ascertain how the structure of proline residues is affected by the inductive effect elicited by the hydroxyl group of Hyp residues. N-Acetylproline methylester (1), N-acetyl-4(S)-hydroxyproline methylester (2) and N-acetyl-4(S)- fluoroproline methylester (3) were synthesized, and their crystalline structures were determined at high resolution. The amide bond of crystalline 1 was in the cis conformation, which is the minor isomer in solution, and the pyrrolidine ring of 1 had C gamma-endo pucker. In crystalline 2 and 3 the amide bonds were in the trans conformation, and the pyrrolidine rings had C-exo pucker. The lengths of the bonds between sp3-hybridized carbon atoms in the pyrrolidine ring were significantly shorter in 2 and 3 than in 1, as was predicted by ab initio molecular orbital calculations at the RHF/3-21G level of theory. No significant change in bond length was observed in the other bonds of 1,2 or 3. The pyramidylization of the nitrogen atom increased dramatically in the order: 1 < 2 < 3. Together, these results indicate that electron-withdrawing substituents in the 4-position of proline residues can have a significant influence on the structure of these residues. In particular, the change in pyramidylization suggests that such substituents increase the sp3-character of the prolyl nitrogen atom and could thereby alter the rate of prolyl peptide bond isomerization.
1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance coordination shifts in Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II) chloride complexes with phenylpyridines (2009)

1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance studies of gold(III), palladium(II) and platinum(II) chloride complexes with phenylpyridines (PPY: 4-phenylpyridine, 4ppy; 3-phenylpyridine, 3ppy; and 2-phenylpyridine, 2ppy) having the general formulae [Au(PPY)Cl3], trans-/cis-[Pd(PPY)2Cl2] and trans-/cis-[Pt(PPY)2Cl2] were performed and the respective chemical shifts (delta1H, delta13C and delta15N) reported. 1H, 13C and 15N coordination shifts (i.e. differences between chemical shifts of the same atom in the complex and ligand molecules: Delta(coord)(1H) = delta(complex)(1H)-delta(ligand)(1H), Delta(coord)(13C) = delta(complex)(13C)-delta(ligand)(13C), Delta(coord)(15N) = delta(complex)(15N)-delta(ligand)(15N)) were discussed in relation to the type of the central atom (Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II)), geometry (trans-/cis-) and the position of a phenyl group in the pyridine ring system.
Immunoglobulin Biosynthesis by the MOPC 173 Mouse Myeloma Tumor and a Variant Spleen Clone (1976)

The IgG2a producing MOPC 173 tumor synthesizes heavy (H) and light (L) chains and assembles them into H2L2 utilizing heavy chain dimers (H2) and H2L as the major precursors. Although the tumor cells secrete only H2L2, they synthesize excess L chains which appear to be degraded and are not secreted. A L chain-producing variant arising spontaneously from the MOPC 173 tumor also failed to secrete any L chains. MOPC 173 tumor cells were cloned in the spleens of normal BALB/c mice and 1 of 23 spleen clones appeared to differ from the parent tumor in demonstrating a) a transient block in the assembly of H2L2 at the H2 level, leading to delayed formation and secretion of H2L2, b) appreciable amounts of non-covalently bonded H2L, c) an abnormal intracellular immunoglobulin species, H4, d) production of equimolar amounts of H and L chains. The patterns of immunoglobulin synthesis and assembly demonstrable in the above studies were also observed when tumor cells were studied in situ. Tryptic peptide mapping of the H and L chains produced by the MOPC 173 tumor and the variant spleen clone failed to demonstrate any differences in the H chains, but there were definite chemical differences in the L chains. These studies indicate that variant myeloma cells producing structurally altered immunoglobulins may continually be arising in myeloma tumors.
PEGylation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Extends Virus Persistence in Blood Circulation of Passively Immunized Mice (2013)

We are developing oncolytic vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSVs) for systemic treatment of multiple myeloma, an incurable malignancy of antibody-secreting plasma cells that are specifically localized in the bone marrow. One of the presumed advantages for using VSV as an oncolytic virus is that human infections are rare and preexisting anti-VSV immunity is typically lacking in cancer patients, which is very important for clinical success. However, our studies show that nonimmune human and mouse serum can neutralize clinical-grade VSV, reducing the titer by up to 4 log units in 60 min. In addition, we show that neutralizing anti-VSV antibodies negate the antitumor efficacy of VSV, a concern for repeat VSV administration. We have investigated the potential use of covalent modification of VSV with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or a function-spacer-lipid (FSL)-PEG construct to inhibit serum neutralization and to limit hepatosplenic sequestration of systemically delivered VSV. We report that in mice passively immunized with neutralizing anti-VSV antibodies, PEGylation of VSV improved the persistence of VSV in the blood circulation, maintaining a more than 1-log-unit increase in VSV genome copies for up to 1 h compared to the genome copy numbers for the non-PEGylated virus, which was mostly cleared within 10 min after intravenous injection. We are currently investigating if this increase in PEGylated VSV circulating half-life can translate to increased virus delivery and better efficacy in mouse models of multiple myeloma.
44.3: Inhomogeneous Thin‐Film Optical Coatings for Flat‐Panel‐Display Applications (1999)

Abstract Optical reflection filters for red, green, and blue colors for information display application could be easily fabricated by using inhomogeneous silicon oxynitride(SiON) thin films. Plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was used to deposit SiON thin film, A band rejection filter with its rejection peak at 490nm was designed and fabricated by the computer‐controlled PECVD.
Three-dimensional wafer stacking using Cu TSV integrated with 45nm high performance SOI-CMOS embedded DRAM technology (2013)

For high-volume production of 3D-stacked chips with through-silicon-via (TSVs), wafer-scale bonding offers lower production cost compared with bump bond technology [1][2][3] and is promising for interconnect pitch <;= 5μ range using available tooling. Prior work [3] has presented wafer-scale integration with tungsten TSV for low-power applications. This paper reports the first use of low-temperature oxide bonding and copper TSV to stack high performance cache cores manufactured in 45nm SOI-CMOS embedded DRAM (EDRAM) having 12 to 13 copper wiring levels per strata. A key feature of this process is its compatibility with the existing high performance POWER7™ EDRAM core [4] requiring neither re-design nor modification of the existing CMOS fabrication process. Hardware measurements show no significant impact on device drive and off-current. Functional test at wafer level confirms 1.48GHz 3D stacked EDRAM operation.
Prospective Observational Study of Screening Asymptomatic Healthcare Workers for SARS-CoV-2 at a Canadian Tertiary Care Center (2020)

ABSTRACT We screened three separate cohorts of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 via nasopharyngeal swab PCR. A seroprevalence analysis using multiple assays was performed in a subgroup. The asymptomatic health care worker cohorts had a combined swap positivity rate of 29/5776 (0.50%, 95%CI 0.32-0.75) compared to the symptomatic cohort rate of 54/1597 (3.4%) (ratio of symptomatic to asymptomatic 6.8:1). Sequencing demonstrated several variants. The seroprevalence (n=996) was 1.4-3.4% depending on assay. Protein microarray analysis showed differing SARS-CoV-2 protein reactivities and helped define likely true positives vs. suspected false positives. Routine screening of asymptomatic health care workers helps identify a significant proportion of infections.
An investigation on the effects of phase change material on material components used for high temperature thermal energy storage system (2016)

The latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants with advanced power cycle require high temperature phase change materials (PCMs), Graphite foams with high thermal conductivity to enhance the poor thermal conductivity of PCMs. Brazing of the graphite foams to the structural metals of the LHTES system could be a method to assemble the system and a method to protect the structural metals from the molten salts. In the present study, the LHTES prototype capsules using MgCl2-graphite foam composites were assembled by brazing and welding, and tested to investigate the corrosion attack of the PCM salt on the BNi-4 braze. The microstructural analysis showed that the BNi-4 braze alloy can be used not only for the joining of structure alloy to graphite foams but also for the protecting of structure alloy from the corrosion by PCM.
Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid from children with central nervous system tumors identifies candidate proteins relating to tumor metastatic spread (2017)

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the most common solid tumors in childhood. Since the sensitivity of combined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and radiological neuroimaging in detecting meningeal metastases remains relatively low, we sought to characterize the CSF proteome of patients with CSF tumors to identify biomarkers predictive of metastatic spread. CSF samples from 27 children with brain tumors and 13 controls (extra-CNS non-Hodgkin lymphoma) were processed using core-shell hydrogel nanoparticles, and analyzed with reverse-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Candidate proteins were identified with Fisher's exact test and/or a univariate logistic regression model. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA), Western blot (WB), and ELISA were used in the training set and in an independent set of CFS samples (60 cases, 14 controls) to validate our discovery findings. Among the 558 non-redundant proteins identified by LC-MS/MS, 147 were missing from the CSF database at http://www.biosino.org. Fourteen of the 26 final top-candidate proteins were chosen for validation with WB, RPPA and ELISA methods. Six proteins (type 1 collagen, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 1, glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor receptor α2, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4, neural proliferation and differentiation control protein-1) revealed the ability to discriminate metastatic cases from controls. Combining a unique dataset of CSFs from pediatric CNS tumors with a novel enabling nanotechnology led us to identify CSF proteins potentially related to metastatic status.
Assessment of Iodine and Selenium Nutritional Status in Women of Reproductive Age in Latvia (2021)

<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Adequate dietary intake of iodine and selenium is essential during pregnancy. While iodine is vital for maternal thyroid function and fetal development, selenium contributes to the regulation of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to assess the consumption of iodine- and selenium-containing products by women of reproductive age and the iodine and selenium nutritional status of pregnant women in Latvia. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Population health survey (2010-2018) data were used to characterize dietary habits in women of reproductive age. Additionally, 129 pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited; they completed a questionnaire and were tested for thyroid function, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and serum selenium and selenoprotein P levels. <i>Results:</i> The use of some dietary sources of iodine (e.g., milk and dairy products) and selenium (e.g., bread) has decreased in recent years. Less than 10% of respondents reported the use of iodized salt. The use of supplements has become more common (reported by almost 50% of respondents in 2018). Dietary habits were similar in pregnant women, but the use of supplements was even higher (almost 70%). Nevertheless, most supplements used in pregnancy had insufficient contents of iodine and selenium. Thyroid function was euthyreotic in all women, but 13.9% of participants had a thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-ab) level above 60 IU/mL. The median UIC (IQR) was 147.2 (90.0-248.1) μg/gCr, and 52.8% of pregnant women had a UIC below 150 μg/gCr. The mean selenium (SD) level was 101.5 (35.6) μg/L; 30.1% of women had a selenium level below 80 μg/L. The median selenoprotein P level was 6.9 (3.1-9.0) mg/L. <i>Conclusions:</i> Iodine nutrition in Latvian population of pregnant women was near the lower limit of adequate and a third of the population had a selenium deficiency. Supplements were frequently used, but most did not contain the recommended amounts of iodine and selenium.
Demonstration of Athermally Synchronized Distributed Feedback Laser with Microring Filter (2017)

We demonstrate an athermally synchronized distributed feedback laser cascaded with microring filters on a silicon photonic platform, with &gt;10dB extinction ratio and a synchronized wavelength shift of 0.02 nm/ °C from 20 to 50 °C.
A Dynamic Test Bench for the Assessment of Common Rail Fuel Injection Systems Impact on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions over the WLTP Cycle (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The internal combustion engine technological development is today driven by the pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) emission reduction targets imposed by law. The request of lowering CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission reflected in a push towards the improvement of engine efficiency, without sacrificing performances and drivability.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The latest generations of Diesel engines for passenger cars are characterized by increasing injection pressure levels (250 MPa for the current production). Enhancing the injection pressure has the drawback of increasing the energy needed to pressurize the fuel and thus the high-pressure fuel pump energy request. A small but not negligible quantity of fuel has to be burned in order to provide this energy, generating a contribution in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission. In this frame, the injector back-flow represents a significant energy loss for the fuel injection system and for the whole engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The energetic analysis of the overall fuel injection system of a modern passenger car is therefore interesting.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this research an experimental test bench was developed in order to energetically assess the behavior of a common-rail fuel injection system over the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) driving cycle. The hydraulic and mechanical energy related to the fuel pump were determined, along with the corresponding CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission. With the proposed test procedure is possible to split the energetic cost into the contributions from injected fuel and back-flow, allowing a comprehensive energetic assessment. Two different configurations of the fuel injection system were tested, differing in the fuel injector type. A standard, latest generation low-leakage injector model was tested and compared to a zero-leakage injector, featuring a particular architecture that should ensure very low back-flow rates.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results showed that the fuel injection system of a passenger car engine in the power range 55 - 65 kW/l absorbs 142.8 kJ of mechanical energy over the WLTP cycle, being responsible of 1.18 g/km of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission (1.3% of the total emission).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The low-leakage injectors mounted on the same fuel injection system showed a 24% energy reduction and 0.29 g/km saving of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. In the analyzed setup, the low back-flow benefits are partially balanced by a pump volumetric efficiency reduction due to the lower operating flow-rate.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
miRNA profile at diagnosis predicts treatment outcome in patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A FILO study (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01370772.
Optimal Design of Magnetically Actuated Optical Image Stabilizer Mechanism for Cameras in Mobile Phones via Genetic Algorithm (2007)

This paper proposes an optimal electromagnetic actuator for the application of optical image stabilization in cameras of mobile phones. The image stabilization composes of vertical and horizontal moving platforms to compensate the shaking from hands. The platforms are actuated by the magnetic force from voice coil motors (VCMs). For the application of mobile devices, geometry size of the mechanism is extremely limited. However, the larger the size of yoke that covers the magnetic field is, the better uniformity it will perform. This study, therefore, is dedicated to conduct an optimal design with the coupled relationship between magnetic field and mechanical geometry. The magnetic field is converted to equivalent circuit in terms of mechanism geometry, and verified by ANSYS. The genetic algorithm (GA) is then applied for deriving optimal values of geometry dimensions of the system within satisfactory uniform magnetic field
On the Capacity of Intensity-Modulated Direct-Detection Systems and the Information Rate of ACO-OFDM for Indoor Optical Wireless Applications (2012)

In this paper we derive information theoretic results for asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) in an intensity modulated direct detection (IM/DD) optical communication system subject to a range of constraints. ACO-OFDM is a form of OFDM designed for IM/DD systems. It is an effective solution to intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by a dispersive channel and also requires less optical power than conventional optical modulation formats. Although the classical Shannon capacity formula cannot be applied directly to an IM/DD system, we show that when ACO-OFDM is used in an IM/DD system, it can be adapted to calculate the information rate of the data-carrying odd frequency subcarriers. As a result conventional water filling techniques can be used for a frequency selective channel. These results are applied to indoor wireless systems using realistic parameters for the transmitter, receiver and channel. The maximum rate at which data can be transmitted depends on the channel, the electrical bandwidth and the transmitted optical power. Even when there is no line of sight (LOS) path, when the electrical bandwidth is limited to 50 MHz and the average optical power is limited to 0.4 W, data rates of approximately 80 Mbit/s can theoretically be achieved.
Characterization and applications of a tunable, laser-based, MeV-class Compton-scatteringγ-ray source (2010)

A high peak brilliance, laser-based Compton-scattering $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray source, capable of producing quasimonoenergetic photons with energies ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 MeV has been recently developed and used to perform nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) experiments. Techniques for characterization of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray beam parameters are presented. The key source parameters are the size ($0.01\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$), horizontal and vertical divergence ($6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{mrad}}^{2}$), duration (16 ps), and spectrum and intensity (${10}^{5}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{photons}/\mathrm{shot}$). These parameters are summarized by the peak brilliance, $1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{photons}/{\mathrm{mm}}^{2}/{\mathrm{mrad}}^{2}/\mathrm{s}/0.1%$ bandwidth, measured at 478 keV. Additional measurements of the flux as a function of the timing difference between the drive laser pulse and the relativistic photoelectron bunch, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray beam profile, and background evaluations are presented. These results are systematically compared to theoretical models and computer simulations. NRF measurements performed on $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ in LiH demonstrate the potential of Compton-scattering photon sources to accurately detect isotopes in situ.
Gate controlled surface tunneling transistor (2002)

A three terminal, field effect silicon surface tunneling transistor (STT) is presented. The device incorporates lateral band-to-band tunneling as the current conduction process. This lateral band-to-band tunneling is controlled by the application of a gate bias. Two-dimensional computer simulations and experimental results verify the operation of the device. The drain current is found to vary exponentially with respect to both the drain voltage and gate voltage. The drain current's exponential relationship to the gate voltage may prove useful to signal detector type applications. Temperature dependence characteristics and switching performance for the device are also presented.
Fabrication of Carbon-Boron Reinforced Dry Polymer Matrix Composite Tape (1999)

Future generation aerospace vehicles will require specialized hybrid material forms for component structure fabrication. For this reason, high temperature composite prepregs in both dry and wet forms are being developed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). In an attempt to improve compressive properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites, a hybrid carbon-boron tape was developed and used to fabricate composite laminates which were subsequently cut into flexural and compression specimens and tested. The hybrid material, given the designation HYCARB, was fabricated by modifying a previously developed process for the manufacture of dry polymer matrix composite (PMC) tape at LaRC. In this work, boron fibers were processed with IM7/LaRC\tm IAX poly(amide acid) solution-coated prepreg to form a dry hybrid tape for Automated Tow Placement (ATP). Boron fibers were encapsulated between two (2) layers of reduced volatile, low fiber areal weight poly(amide acid) solution-coated prepreg. The hybrid prepreg was then fully imidizied and consolidated into a dry tape suitable for ATP. The fabrication of a hybrid boron material form for two placement aids in the reduction of the overall manufacturing cost of boron reinforced composites, while realizing the improved compression strengths. Composite specimens were press-molded from the hybrid material and exhibited excellent mechanical properties.
Measurements of the probe tip movement of the Lithoclast (1999)

The Swiss Lithoclast is a pneumatically driven intracorporeal lithotripter used to fragment ureteral and renal calculi. Impact energy from a vibrating projectile is transmitted through a semi-rigid or flexible probe and delivered to the target stone, which is placed in contact with the distal end of the probe. A laser-optic measurement system was developed to quantify the probe tip movement of the Lithoclast. The system was calibrated and used to determine the displacement and velocity of the Lithoclast probe tip at various deflection angles and driving pressures. Such data could provide critical information for the design of more effective and efficient flexible probes for the Lithoclast.