gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode of Action of Dietary Dexamethasone May Not Be Dependent Upon Microbial Mechanisms in Broilers (2019)

Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC), in feed has been shown to increase gut permeability via stress-mediated mechanisms, but the exact mode of action on gut barrier function is not fully understood. Stress has been reported to alter the profile and virulence of intestinal flora predisposing for opportunistic disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary Dex and recoverable intestinal microbial profile in broilers to better understand mode of action and refine future uses of the model. Three experiments were conducted that administered Dex-treated feed for one week in conjunction with the antibiotics BMD (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) or Baytril<sup>®</sup> (enrofloxacin) to evaluate if enteric microbial mechanisms were important in Dex-induced permeability. Serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) and bacterial translocation (BT) have been reported to increase after Dex treatment and were used to assess gut epithelial leakage. Shifts in bacterial profiles were also measured on selective agar. Combining Dex with BMD or Baytril resulted in increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) serum FITC-d versus Dex-only. Additionally, Baytril did not reduce aerobic BT and bacterial profiles remained similar after Dex. These results suggest a minimal role of intestinal microbes in Dex-induced changes to intestinal barrier function.
460 GHz second harmonic gyrotrons for a 700 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy (2013)

Development of two 460 GHz second harmonic gyrotrons for 700 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy is presented. One gyrotron is frequency-fixed and the other is frequency tunable in the bandwidth of 1.5 GHz. In addition, the former has a function of frequency modulation.
Vesicoanal, urethroanal, and urethrovesical reflexes initiated by lower urinary tract irritation in the rat (1999)

Irritation of the urinary bladder causes activation of normally "silent" nociceptive primary afferent fibers. In the present study, it is reported that irritation of the urinary bladder or urethra with infusion of 0.5% acetic acid robustly activates motoneurons that innervate the striated muscle of the external anal sphincter via spinal reflex mechanisms. The activation of anal motoneurons following irritation of the bladder and urethra are termed vesicoanal and urethroanal reflexes, respectively. The reflexes can be mimicked by acute application of capsaicin to the bladder and urethra, and they show desensitization following prolonged topical application of capsaicin or following chronic systemic pretreatment with capsaicin. The reflexes can be demonstrated in chronic spinal cord-transected animals, indicating that the reflex pathways are organized within the spinal cord. The urethroanal reflex is also physiologically activated by urethral distension and/or increases in intraluminal pressure. In addition to activation of anal sphincter activity, slight distension, pressure increases, or instillation of 0.5% acetic acid into the urethra inhibited bladder contractions through activation of an inhibitory urethrovesical reflex. These reflexes are discussed in terms of clinical characteristics of urethritis and prostatitis. Anecdotally, it was discovered that the bladder can buffer acetic acid.
Effect of EAM on Capacitive Detection of Motion in MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes (2021)

The Electromechanical Amplitude Modulation (EAM) is frequently used to eliminate feed-through signals between forcer and pick-off electrodes of resonant microstructures. However, there are some undesirable effects of EAM that need to be considered. This work studies the contribution of EAM on dissipation of energy and appeared non-linear dynamics in MEMS Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes (CVGs). We presented an analytical model, capturing the effect of AC carrier signal on amplitude-frequency coupling, scale factor instability, and in-run noise performance of CVGs. The effect of EAM on a Dynamically Amplified dual-mass Gyroscope (DAG) was experimentally demonstrated and compared to the simulation results of the analytical model. We concluded that the AC carrier signal in EAM influences the amplitude-frequency couplings along both the drive and sense modes of the gyroscope through modifying the non-linear electrostatic stiffnesses, which was also proven to be one of the dominant sources of both the scale factor nonlinearity and frequency instability in the near-mode-matched DAG, operating in the open-loop rate mode.
Cooperative checkpointing (2006)

Cooperative checkpointing increases the performance and robustness of a system by allowing checkpoints requested by applications to be dynamically skipped at runtime. A robust system must be more than merely resilient to failures; it must be adaptable and flexible in the face of new and evolving challenges. A simulation-based experimental analysis using both probabilistic and harvested failure distributions reveals that cooperative checkpointing enables an application to make progress under a wide variety of failure distributions that periodic checkpointing lacks the flexibility to handle. Cooperative checkpointing can be easily implemented on top of existing application-initiated checkpointing mechanisms and may be used to enhance other reliability techniques like QoS guarantees and fault-aware job scheduling. The simulations also support a number of theoretical predictions related to cooperative checkpointing, including the non-competitiveness of periodic checkpointing.
The Use of a Sophisticated Graphics Interface in Computer- Assisted Instruction (1983)

The more complex the physical system, the greater the likelihood that hands-on operator training can damage it. A computer model like Steamer offers a somewhat safer alternative.
23. W (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessEncyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth edition23. WAuthors: Robert E. SheriffRobert E. SheriffProfessor, University of Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chw SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chwFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth editionISBN (print):978-1-56080-118-4ISBN (online):978-1-56080-296-9Copyright: 2002 Pages: 442 publication data© 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2002 CITATION INFORMATION Robert E. Sheriff, (2002), "23. W," Geophysical References Series : 386-398. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chw Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Preparation and characterization of aqueous vitamin E/Soluplus® dispersions for film coating applications (2021)

The results from this study demonstrated that it is feasible to produce stable vitamin E/Soluplus<sup>®</sup> aqueous dispersions to be used as solvent-free functional film coating materials.
Localized Quadrilateral Coarsening (2009)

Abstract In this paper we introduce a coarsening algorithm for quadrilateral meshes that generates quality, quad‐only connectivity during level‐of‐ coarsening creation. A novel aspect of this work is development and implementation of a localized adaptation of the polychord collapse operator to better control and preserve important surface components. We describe a novel weighting scheme for automatic deletion selection that considers surface attributes, as well as localized queue updates that allow for improved data structures and computational performance opportunities over previous techniques. Additionally, this work supports optional and intuitive user controls for tailored simplification results.
Pattern-Reconfigurable Mobile Terminal Antenna System for MIMO and Link Stabilization in LTE (2018)

In this paper, a pattern reconfigurable mobile phone antenna system for enhanced data rates in the LTE communication scheme is proposed.The three driven antennas are designed with a resonant frequency of 2.6 GHz (Band VII).Passive elements are utilized in the design in order to change the radiation pattern direction of the proposed antennas.The designed antennas are primarily made to obtain pattern reconfigurability in data mode, where the phone is held either vertically with one hand or horizontally with two hands.Seven different radiation pattern directions are achieved with the proposed antenna setup.With the use of RF switches and tuning devices, such as a programmable array of capacitors (PACs), this architecture can be implemented in handheld terminals.In this work, prototypes with fixed architecture and different lengths of passive elements are presented.Finally, the MIMO performance of the system is investigated by calculating the envelope correlation coefficients, which are under 0.25 in the band of interest.
A Review of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate and its Use in Primary Osteoarthritis of the Knee (2021)

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is the most common chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage deterioration and inflammation. Conservative management to prevent cartilage degradation and future conversion to joint replacement has been the focus of attention, with a number of orthobiologics being applied clinically. Among them, bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) has been growing in popularity as a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and growth factors with regenerative capacity as well as anti-inflammatory properties. As it pertains to OA, the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of BMAC are promising, although, continued research and standardization of treatment are still necessary. This article aims to provide a review of the characteristics of BMAC from a regenerative medicine perspective and provide a current summary of the preclinical and clinical results of BMAC when utilized to treat OA of the knee joint.
Benzimidazole‐5‐sulfonamides as Novel Nonpeptide Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Antagonists: Minimization of Mechanism‐Based CYP3A4 Inhibition. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Opening of Substituted (Cyclopropylmethyl)lithiums Derived from Cyclopropylmethyl Iodides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transmissive spectrum-splitting concentrator photovoltaic cells and modules (2017)

Novel transmissive concentrator multijunction (TCMJ) solar cells, and their corresponding module, are here introduced and demonstrated as a promising component of a hybrid concentrator photovoltaic/concentrated solar thermal power (CPV/CSP) system. Using this system, incoming concentrated light can be effectively split into two parts; “inband”, shorter-wavelength light is absorbed into the TCMJ solar cells to generate electricity, and “out-of-band” light transmits through the cells and module to a thermal receiver where photons are collected as heat that may be used for a variety of purpose. When on-substrate cells are employed, the in-band power conversion efficiencies measured under 1 sun at room temperature are 34.7% and 35.8% and the energy-weighted out-of-band light transmission is 68.6% and 60.8% for the TCMJ cell and module, respectively. We also demonstrate the stability of TCCMJ cells and modules via thermal cycling and show that the temperature of the TCMJ module can be controlled under 105°C via transparent active cooling microfluidic channels. Thin-film cells fabricated by means of the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) technique are being developed to enhance both the spectrum splitting efficiency and cost effectiveness of this TCMJ module.
Analysis of the Contribution of Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands 1 and 2 to Enteric Disease Progression Using a Novel Bovine Ileal Loop Model and a Murine Model of Infectious Enterocolitis (2005)

We have developed a novel ileal loop model for use in calves to analyze the contribution of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium type III secretion systems to disease processes in vivo. Our model involves constructing ileal loops with end-to-end anastamoses to restore the patency of the small intestine, thereby allowing experimental animals to convalesce following surgery for the desired number of days. This model overcomes the time constraint imposed by ligated ileal loop models that have precluded investigation of Salmonella virulence factors during later stages of the infection process. Here, we have used this model to examine the enteric disease process at 24 h and 5 days following infection with wild-type Salmonella and mutants lacking the virulence-associated Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) or SPI-2 type III secretion systems. We show that SPI-2 mutants are dramatically attenuated at 5 days following infection and report a new phenotype for SPI-1 mutants, which induce intestinal pathology in calves similar to wild-type Salmonella in the 5-day ileal loop model. Both of these temporal phenotypes for SPI-1 and SPI-2 mutants were corroborated in a second animal model of enteric disease using streptomycin-pretreated mice. These data delineate novel phenotypes for SPI-1 and SPI-2 mutants in the intestinal phase of bovine and murine salmonellosis and provide working models to further investigate the effector contribution to these pathologies.
Quarter-Shifted Microincisional Sutureless Vitrectomy in Patients with a Glaucoma Drainage Implant or Filtering Bleb (2017)

When vitrectomy is performed in eyes that have undergone glaucoma surgery, the site of sclerotomy often overlaps with the previous glaucoma operation site. It can lead to serious complications such as postoperative hypotony, leakage, and/or infection. Our technique involves modification of surgeon's position and two sclerotomy sites 45° away from the original position, with an infusion cannula inserted infranasally to avoid damage to the glaucoma drainage implant or filtering bleb. The modified approach was applied to seven eyes with various indications. Vitrectomy was successfully completed, and there were no sclerotomy site complications, leakage, or hypotony in any case. Good intraocular pressure control was maintained throughout the postoperative course in all cases.
Mitigation of Signal Distortions Using Reference Signal Distribution With Colorless Remote Antenna Units for Radio-Over-Fiber Applications (2009)

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a bidirectional radio-over-fiber (ROF) system using a reference signal distribution. In order to minimize the radio-frequency (RF) signal attenuation as well as limit the transmit power to moderate levels, small cell size, or picocell is used in the ROF system. This will result in the need of many base stations (BSs) to provide sufficient network coverage. Because of this, colorless remote antenna unit (RAU) with optical carrier generated and distributed from the head end (HE) is employed. Experimental results show that error-free signal transmission and remodulation using downstream differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and upstream <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on-off</b> keying (OOK) is achieved in a 20-km reach ROF system. Experimental characterization of the reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA)-based remodulation unit is also performed. Numerical simulation is performed to compare the proposed scheme with several conventional optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) schemes, including double sideband (DSB), optical carrier suppression (OCS), and single sideband (SSB). Results show that the proposed scheme could be a potential candidate to mitigate signal distortions due to signal fading and code time shifting.
Numerical Analysis of a Micro Ion Thruster Using PIC/MCC Model (2010)

A two-dimensional particle model of a micro inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source has been developed to design a highly effective micro ion thruster for nanosatellites. Particlein-cell simulations with a Monte Carlo collision calculation (PIC/MCC) have been carried out to analyze plasma parameters and ion beam profiles. The working gas is Ar and rf frequency and Ar gas pressure are set at 493 MHz and 4 mTorr, respectively. Two types of micro ICP sources are employed to investigate the dependence on coil configurations: a planar coil type and a helical coil type. Compared with the helical coil type, higher plasma density is obtained for the micro ICP source with the planar coil. In the analysis of ion beam extraction, most ions are seemed to be extracted through a ring-shaped slit without any loss due to collisions with the acceleration grid for the planar coil type, where the thrust and specific impulse are determined to be 9.6 μN and 7120 s, respectively, with the grid potential of 1 kV.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Testing of Pyrano(2,3‐a)acridinones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Protective capping and surface passivation of III-V nanowires by atomic layer deposition (2016)

Low temperature (∼200 °C) grown atomic layer deposition (ALD) films of AlN, TiN, Al2O3, GaN, and TiO2 were tested for protective capping and surface passivation of bottom-up grown III-V (GaAs and InP) nanowires (NWs), and top-down fabricated InP nanopillars. For as-grown GaAs NWs, only the AlN material passivated the GaAs surface as measured by photoluminescence (PL) at low temperatures (15K), and the best passivation was achieved with a few monolayer thick (2Å) film. For InP NWs, the best passivation (∼2x enhancement in room-temperature PL) was achieved with a capping of 2nm thick Al2O3. All other ALD capping layers resulted in a de-passivation effect and possible damage to the InP surface. Top-down fabricated InP nanopillars show similar passivation effects as InP NWs. In particular, capping with a 2 nm thick Al2O3 layer increased the carrier decay time from 251 ps (as-etched nanopillars) to about 525 ps. Tests after six months ageing reveal that the capped nanostructures retain their optical properties. Overall, capping of GaAs and InP NWs with high-k dielectrics AlN and Al2O3 provides moderate surface passivation as well as long term protection from oxidation and environmental attack.
SNPs which influence the transcriptional response to acute smoke exposure are associated with long term lung function decline in smokers (2018)

Although smoking is a major risk factor for COPD, only a subset 20-30% of smokers are particularly susceptible and will develop COPD, suggesting that genetic factors also play an important role in the susceptibility to smoking. The TIP cohort was the first study to look at the effects of acute smoke exposure at a gene expression level pre- and post-smoking. We aimed to identify SNPs which influence the gene expression response to acute smoke exposure and determine their effects on long term decline of lung function in smokers. The TIP study included current smokers (n=63) which were asked to refrain from smoking for at least two days and then smoked/or did not smoke three cigarettes in the span of one hour. Bronchial brushes were collected after 24 hours and run on Affymetrix arrays. Genotype information was determined by blood. To evaluate whether SNPs can influence how an individual response to acute smoke exposure we ran an inducible eQTL model comparing the effects of SNPs on the gene expression with/without smoke corrected for gender and age. The association with these SNPs and long-term lung function decline was investigated in never smokers (n=329) and smokers (n=364) with lung function measurements taken over 10 years. Our initial analysis identified 704 inducible eQTLs (adjusted p-value&lt;0.05). Of these identified SNPs, 54 were associated with long-term lung function decline in smokers only (adjusted pvalue&lt;0.05). This study for the first time shows that an individual’s genetics can influence their transcriptional response to acute smoke exposure and that these SNPs can predict long-term lung function decline in smokers.
Detection of common single nucleotide polymorphisms synthesizing quantitative trait association of rarer causal variants (2011)

Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified hundreds of common (minor allele frequency ≥5%) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with phenotype traits or diseases, yet causal variants accounting for the association signals have rarely been determined. A question then raised is whether a GWA signal represents an "indirect association" as a proxy of a strongly correlated causal variant with similar frequency, or a "synthetic association" of one or more rarer causal variants in linkage disequilibrium (D' ≈ 1, but r(2) not large); answering the question generally requires extensive resequencing and association analysis. Instead, we propose to test statistically whether a quantitative trait (QT) association of an SNP represents a synthetic association or not by inspecting the QT distribution at each genotype, not requiring the causal variant(s) to be known. We devised two test statistics and assessed the power by mathematical analysis and simulation. Testing the heterogeneity of variance was powerful when low-frequency causal alleles are linked mostly to one SNP allele, while testing the skewness outperformed when the causal alleles are linked evenly to either of the SNP alleles. By testing a statistic combining these two in 5000 individuals, we could detect synthetic association of a GWA signal when causal alleles sum up to 3% in frequency. Such signal only partially explains the heritability contributed by the whole locus. The proposed test is useful for designing fine mapping after studying association of common SNPs exhaustively; we can prioritize which GWA signal and which individuals to be resequenced, and identify the causal variants efficiently.