gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BLINC: a 640x480 CMOS active pixel video camera with adaptive digital processing, extended optical dynamic range, and miniature form factor (2001)

A miniaturized camera utilizing advanced extended dynamic range CMOS APS imager technology and employing real-time histogram equalization has been developed for capturing scenes having high intra-scenic dynamic range. The camera adapts to changes in scene brightness and contrast in two frame periods, and acquires fully processed images in less than 100 milliseconds after power is applied. The BLINC camera contains an automatic exposure time control and is capable of capturing over 8 equivalent f-stops of optical dynamic range. This exposure time control along with programmable extended dynamic range and built-in 12-bit analog to digital converter allows the Sarnoff APS75 CMOS VGA image sensor to accommodate up to 15 f-stops of intra- scenic dynamic range. The APS75 sensor was fabricated with standard CMOS-7 design rules in a 0.5 micron SPTM process. Progressive scan digital video is stored and processed in real-time by an application specific integrated circuit image processor to provide optimal image contrast and exposure. The processed video is then transformed to 10-bits with a proprietary adaptive non-linear mapper before being converted to standard RS-170 analog video. Small size, light weight and low energy consumption make this camera well suited for UAV, and automotive applications.
Cooperative multi-residence demand response scheduling (2011)

This paper is concerned with scheduling of demand response among different residences and a utility company. The utility company has a cost function representing the cost of providing energy to end-users, and this cost can be varying across the scheduling horizon. Each end-user has a “must-run” load, and two types of adjustable loads. The first type must consume a specified total amount of energy over the scheduling horizon, but the consumption can be adjusted across different slots. The second type of load has adjustable power consumption without a total energy requirement, but operation of the load at reduced power results in dissatisfaction of the end-user. The problem amounts to minimizing the total cost electricity plus the total user dissatisfaction (social welfare), subject to the individual load consumption constraints. The problem is convex and can be solved by a distributed subgradient method. The utility company and the end-users exchange Lagrange multipliers-interpreted as pricing signals-and hourly consumption data through the Advanced Metering Infrastructure, in order to converge to the optimal amount of electricity production and the optimal power consumption schedule.
Task 3 - Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste. Semiannual report, November 1, 1996--March 31, 1997 (1997)

Over the last 50 years, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has produced a wide variety of radioactive wastes from activities associated with nuclear defense and nuclear power generation. These wastes include low-level radioactive solid wastes, mixed wastes, and transuranic (TRU) wastes. A portion of these wastes consists of high- organic-content materials, such as resins, plastics, and other polymers; synthetic and natural rubbers; cellulosic-based materials; and oils, organic solvents, and chlorinated organic solvents. Many of these wastes contain hazardous and/or pyrophoric materials in addition to radioactive species. Physical forms of the waste include ion-exchange resins used to remove radioactive elements from nuclear reactor cooling water, lab equipment and tools (e.g., measurement and containment vessels, hoses, wrappings, equipment coverings and components, and countertops), oil products (e.g., vacuum pump and lubrication oils), bags and other storage containers (for liquids, solids, and gases), solvents, gloves, lab coats and anti-contamination clothing, and other items. Major polymer and chemical groups found in high-organic-content radioactive wastes include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), Teflon(TM), polystyrene (PS), nylon, latex, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), vinyl, high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polycarbonate, nitriles, Tygon(R), butyl, and Tyvec(R).
Designer interphases for the lithium-oxygen electrochemical cell (2017)

An electrochemical cell based on the reversible oxygen reduction reaction: 2Li<sup>+</sup> + 2e <sup><i>-</i></sup> + O<sub>2</sub><i>↔</i> Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, provides among the most energy dense platforms for portable electrical energy storage. Such Lithium-Oxygen (Li-O<sub>2</sub>) cells offer specific energies competitive with fossil fuels and are considered promising for electrified transportation. Multiple, fundamental challenges with the cathode, anode, and electrolyte have limited practical interest in Li-O<sub>2</sub> cells because these problems lead to as many practical shortcomings, including poor rechargeability, high overpotentials, and specific energies well below theoretical expectations. We create and study in-situ formation of solid-electrolyte interphases (SEIs) based on bromide ionomers tethered to a Li anode that take advantage of three powerful processes for overcoming the most stubborn of these challenges. The ionomer SEIs are shown to protect the Li anode against parasitic reactions and also stabilize Li electrodeposition during cell recharge. Bromine species liberated during the anchoring reaction also function as redox mediators at the cathode, reducing the charge overpotential. Finally, the ionomer SEI forms a stable interphase with Li, which protects the metal in high Gutmann donor number liquid electrolytes. Such electrolytes have been reported to exhibit rare stability against nucleophilic attack by Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and other cathode reaction intermediates, but also react spontaneously with Li metal anodes. We conclude that rationally designed SEIs able to regulate transport of matter and ions at the electrolyte/anode interface provide a promising platform for addressing three major technical barriers to practical Li-O<sub>2</sub> cells.
Untethered clouds (2009)

Welcome to this first issue on Industry Perspectives, a section dedicated to broad impact articles that aim to bridge the gap between academic research and emerging industry applications. In this issue, we showcase two articles. The usefulness of cloud computing as a virtualized Internet resource has been well documented. The first article by Jan Kruys describes how wireless technologies such as WiFi, WiMax/LTE, and Wi-Fibre can expand the reach of this resource, and enable pervasive ondemand computing. The second article by Nada Golmie focuses on the key functionalities for achieving seamless mobility in wireless networks, and explains why deployment challenges remain even though standards and solutions are available. I hope these articles help shed some light on real-world problems that may, in turn, spawn new research topics. I take this opportunity to thank the authors for their fine efforts and to invite potential contributors for future sections.
Data-Driven Mitigation of Energy Scheduling Inaccuracy in Renewable-Penetrated Grids: Summerside Electric Use Case (2019)

This paper presents findings on mitigating the negative impact of renewable energy resources variability on the energy scheduling problem, in particular for island grids and microgrids. The methods and findings presented in this paper are twofold. First, data obtained from the City of Summerside in the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada, is leveraged to demonstrate the effectiveness of state-of-the-art time series predictors in mitigating energy scheduling inaccuracy. Second, the outcome of the time series prediction analysis is used to propose a novel data-driven battery energy storage system (BESS) sizing study for energy scheduling purposes. The proposed probabilistic method accounts for intra-interval variations of generation and demand, thus mitigating the trade-off between time resolution of the problem formulation and the solution accuracy. In addition, as part of the sizing study, a BESS management strategy is proposed to minimize energy scheduling inaccuracies, and is then used to obtain the optimal BESS size. Finally, the paper presents quantitative analyses of the impact of both the energy predictors and the BESS on the supplied energy cost using the actual data of the Summerside Electric grid. The paper reveals the significant potential for reducing energy cost in renewable-penetrated grids and microgrids through state-of-the-art predictors combined with applications of properly-sized energy storage systems.
Diversity of dynamics and morphologies of invasive solid tumors (2012)

Complex tumor-host interactions can significantly affect the growth dynamics and morphologies of progressing neoplasms. The growth of a confined solid tumor induces mechanical pressure and deformation of the surrounding microenvironment, which in turn influences tumor growth. In this paper, we generalize a recently developed cellular automaton model for invasive tumor growth in heterogeneous microenvironments [Y. Jiao and S. Torquato, PLoS Comput. Biol.7, e1002314 (2011)] by incorporating the effects of pressure. Specifically, we explicitly model the pressure exerted on the growing tumor due to the deformation of the microenvironment and its effect on the local tumor-host interface instability. Both noninvasive-proliferative growth and invasive growth with individual cells that detach themselves from the primary tumor and migrate into the surrounding microenvironment are investigated. We find that while noninvasive tumors growing in "soft" homogeneous microenvironments develop almost isotropic shapes, both high pressure and host heterogeneity can strongly enhance malignant behavior, leading to finger-like protrusions of the tumor surface. Moreover, we show that individual invasive cells of an invasive tumor degrade the local extracellular matrix at the tumor-host interface, which diminishes the fingering growth of the primary tumor. The implications of our results for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy are discussed.
Effects of dielectric film surface on oxygen diffusion (2014)

The oxygen diffusivity in BaTiO3 thin films heteroepitaxially grown on SrTiO3 substrates was investigated using a gas/solid exchange technique with 18O-isotope-enriched gas. Deformation of the BaTiO3 lattice and inhibition of the oxygen diffusivity occurred simultaneously when the YSZ layer, which is assumed to be catalytic for the 18O/16O exchange reaction, was deposited on BaTiO3. The mechanism for the reduction in oxygen diffusivity due to the YSZ cover layer is discussed in terms of residual stress in the strained BaTiO3 layer.
ChemInform Abstract: Proton‐Ionizable Crown Compounds. Part 16. Synthesis, Structural Features, and Cation Transport Studies of Crown Ethers Containing the 4‐Pyridone N‐Hydroxide Subcyclic Group. (1988)

Abstract Oxidation of the protected pyridino‐crown ethers (I) with peracid yields the derivatives (II) containing the 4‐pyridone N‐hydroxide fragment.
Modulation of Muscle Force by Recruitment During Intramuscular Stimulation (1980)

The input-output relationships for modulation of force by recruitment during intramuscular electrical stimulation were examined for cat sleus muscles and human finger and thumb muscles. Recruitment was modulated by varying either the pulsewidth or amplitude of a monophasic, rectangular, cathodal current pulse train. Force was a nonlinear function of either pulsewidth or amplitude, and the shape of the nonlinearity was the same regardless of which parameter was modulated. The charge per stimulus pulse was lowest if pulsewidth was modulated with a fixed, high amplitude stimulus. The shape of the nonlinear relationship between pulsewidth and force (recruitment characteristic) depended on stimulus amplitude, electrode location in the muscle and muscle length. In most applications the amplitude and location would be fixed, so force would be a two-dimensional nonlinear function of pulsewidth and muscle length. The results are discussed with respect to possible mechanisns of recruitment during intramuscular stimulation, and the implications of the nonlinearities on the proportional control of orthoses employing electrically stimulated muscles.
Imaging Estrogen Receptors with 99mTc -Labeled Estradiol (2005)

Scientific Abstracts: Eight Poster Presentations for the 50th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Chapter of the Society of Nuclear Medicine: PDF Only
Flavonoids from Orostachys Japonicus A. Berger Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis at Least Partly through Activation of p38 MAPK Pathway in U937 Human Leukemic Cells (2015)

This study suggested that FEOJ may induce caspase-dependent apoptosis in human leukemic cells by regulating MMP (ΔΨm) through suppressing Bcl-2 and X-IAP. In addition, the results indicated that upstream p38 MAPK signaling regulates the apoptotic effect of FEOJ. This study provides evidence that FEOJ might have anti-cancer potential for human leukemic cells.
MIRAGE EFFECT STUDIES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES (1983)

The photochemical decomposition of semiconducting electrodes and the effects of charge exchange to redox species in solution have been studied by means of the Mirage Effect. Spectroscopic use of this method permits the detection of surface films and diffusion coefficients of redox ions generated by charge exchange at metal electrodes have been measured using the refractive index changes associated with these reactions.
Storage area network extension over passive optical networks (S-PONS) (2008)

After 9/11 and the accidental failure of the power grid in North America in 2003, storage area network (SAN) extension has emerged as critical to ensuring business continuity. However, SAN extension encounters challenges in the access network, including scalability problems, cost challenges, bandwidth bottlenecks and low throughput. In this article, we propose a new solution to address these problems: SAN extension over passive optical networks (S-PONs). To tackle the scalability problems and cost challenges, we designed the S-PON architecture based on the existing point-to-multiple-point (P2MP) PON infrastructure. To address the bandwidth bottlenecks in SAN extension, we propose three solutions for carrying storage signals with gigabit-level transmission. We also introduce a new device, XtenOLT, for implementing buffer pools by a new buffer-management scheme to improve SAN extension throughput and utility. Our experimental results show that, in the physical layer, the proposed S-PON transmission technologies successfully deliver SAN traffic to the long-haul at the rate of 2.5 Gb/s; in the network layer, S-PON with XtenOLT dramatically enhances deliverable throughput and utility over long-distance transmission.
Integration of ferroelectric lead titanate nanoislands for direct hysteresis measurements (2005)

We report on the integration of fully functional ferroelectric PbTiO3 nanostructures of typically less than 100nm lateral extension into a low-k dielectric hydrogen silsesquioxane film. Chemical mechanical polishing of the dielectric layer down to an overall thickness below the nanoparticles height exposes the structures. After confirmation of the piezoelectricity of individual embedded grains, gold electrode pads are deposited to characterize several of these grains in parallel. Evidence of ferroelectric switching is observed and discussed within an equivalent circuit model. This paves the way to a better integration and statistical analysis of ferroelectric nanostructures.
2P019 The solubility of amino acids, diglycine, triglycine in aqueous L-Arginine hydrochloride solution(29. Protein structure and dynamics (II),Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS & BSJ 2006) (2006)

Coliageii type IV is an eEement ef basement membrane and is considercd te be an important faetor in various discases.It has also been reported that the pH of nermal
Figure S3 from AZD4320, A Dual Inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x<sub>L</sub>, Induces Tumor Regression in Hematologic Cancer Models without Dose-limiting Thrombocytopenia (2023)

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NCOG-35. PREDICTORS OF POSTOPERATIVE SEIZURES IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (2020)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Seizures are a major cause of morbidity in patients with GBM, resulting in neurocognitive deficits and reduced QOL. There are limited studies on the predictors of postoperative seizures in these patients. Furthermore, there is no consensus among neurosurgeons on the timing of perioperative use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The objective of this study is to determine patient- and tumor-related factors associated with postoperative seizures in GBM patients who undergo surgical resection. METHODS Our patient data registry was queried for adult patients treated for GBM at VCU from 2005 to 2014. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify patient and tumor factors associated with postoperative seizure within a 12 month period. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the overall risk of postoperative seizure. RESULTS 146 patients met the criteria for the study. Of these, 39 patients (27%) experienced a postoperative seizure within 12 months. On univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with postoperative seizure within 12-months included percent (%) of FLAIR volume resected (OR: .81; CI: 0.65-0.99; p=.046), history of AED use (OR: 2.51; CI: 1.20-5.25; p = 0.015), and history of seizure (OR: 2.26, CI: 1.07-4.76; p=0.033). On multivariate analysis, % FLAIR resection maintained significance. (OR of 0.79; CI: .63-.99; p = 0.044). The increased overall risk of postoperative seizure was associated with preoperative seizure &amp;lt; 30 days before surgery. (HR:6.65, CI: 1.02-43.36, p=0.048). DISCUSSION Our study found that the increased extent of resection of FLAIR volume correlates with decreased odds of seizure occurrence in the 12-month postoperative period. Epileptogenesis of GBM seizures within this time period may be due to tumor-related edema or infiltrative tumor cells. Evaluation of FLAIR imaging postoperatively may be a useful clinical tool to guide AED management in high-risk patients.
Preparation of Well-Defined, Metathetically Active Oxo Alkylidene Complexes of Tungsten (1996)

The reaction between W(CH-t-Bu)(O)(PMe3)2Cl2 and 2 equiv of KO-2,6-Ph2C6H3 yields yellow crystalline syn-W(CH-t-Bu)(O)(OAr)2(PMe3) (1a; Ar = 2,6-Ph2C6H3) in which the PMe3 is bound to tungsten on the NMR time scale. An analogous PPh2Me complex, syn-W(CH-t-Bu)(O)(OAr)2(PPh2Me) (1b), can be prepared. Both 1a and 1b react readily with 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (2a) and 2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)norbornadiene (2b) in dichloromethane or toluene to give polymers that are >95% cis and >95% isotactic.
[Fulguration of foci of atrial tachycardia in the adult]. (1988)

Fulguration of the site generator of arrhythmia was attempted in three 31, 33 and 55 year-old patients presenting ectopic atrial tachycardias resistant to various antiarrhythmic medications. Episodes of atrial fibrillation and flutter were also documented in two of them. Two patients had a surgically corrected congenital cardiopathy:interatrial communication or pulmonary stenosis. Mapping of the endocardial emergence point was carried out with electrodes placed 1 cm apart, demonstrating the high atrial origin of the tachycardia, near the right atrium. The auriculogram preceded the earliest possible ectopic P wave by 20 to 70 ms; its multiphasic and prolonged morphology, suggested a local intra-atrial conduction disorder in the three cases. Cathodic shocks were delivered at this site without complications with cumulative energies of 720 J, 480 J and 320 J, respectively. The fulguration was ineffective and revealed other arrhythmic sites in two patients. Only patient n1 has been asymptomatic since 24 months under a treatment with Sotalol 160 mg which had been previously ineffective.
Human Action Laws in Electronic Virtual Worlds: An Empirical Study of Path Steering Performance in VR (2004)

This paper is concerned with simple human performance “laws of action” for three classes of tasks—pointing, crossing, and steering, as well as their applications in Virtual Reality research. In comparison to Fitts' law of pointing, the “law of steering”— the quantitative relationship between human temporal performance and the movement path's spatial characteristics—has been notably under investigated. After a review of research on the law of steering in different domains and time periods, we examine the applicability of the law of steering in a VR locomotion task. Participants drove a virtual vehicle in a virtual environment on paths whose shape and width were systematically manipulated. Results showed that the law of steering indeed applies to locomotion in Virtual Environments. Participants' mean trial completion times linearly correlated (r 2 between 0.985 and 0.999) with an index of difficulty quantified as path length to width ratio for the straight and circular paths used in this experiment. On average both the mean and the maximum speeds of the participants were linearly proportional to path width. Such human performance regularity provides a quantitative tool for 3D human-machine interface design and evaluation. We also propose to use the law-of-steering model in Virtual Reality manipulation tasks such as the “ring and wire” task in the future.
Raw Coal Derived Large Area and Transparent Graphene Films (2013)

Large area few layer graphene films are synthesized using abundantly available raw coal as an inexpensive solid carbon source via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The few layer graphene films are uniform and continuous with over 95% transparency and sheet resistance of 5.0 kΩ sq−1. This work will provide opportunities toward economic and convenient route to synthesize graphene films that demonstrate tremendous potential in various electronics and energy storage applications.
Receiver impact on first-order PMD outage (2003)

Simulation and measurement show that the robustness of a transmission system to first-order polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) depends on the combination of modulation format and receiver characteristics. For beat-noise limited receivers of typical bandwidth, return-to-zero has greater PMD tolerance than non return-to-zero coding.