gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient memory disaggregation with INFINISWAP (2017)

Memory-intensive applications suffer large performance loss when their working sets do not fully fit in memory. Yet, they cannot leverage otherwise unused remote memory when paging out to disks even in the presence of large imbalance in memory utilizations across a cluster. Existing proposals for memory disaggregation call for new architectures, new hardware designs, and/or new programming models, making them infeasible.

This paper describes the design and implementation of INFINISWAP, a remote memory paging system designed specifically for an RDMA network. INFINISWAP opportunistically harvests and transparently exposes unused memory to unmodified applications by dividing the swap space of each machine into many slabs and distributing them across many machines' remote memory. Because one-sided RDMA operations bypass remote CPUs, INFINISWAP leverages the power of many choices to perform decentralized slab placements and evictions.

We have implemented and deployed INFINISWAP on an RDMA cluster without any modifications to user applications or the OS and evaluated its effectiveness using multiple workloads running on unmodified VoltDB, Memcached, PowerGraph, GraphX, and Apache Spark. Using INFINISWAP, throughputs of these applications improve between 4× (0:94×) to 15:4× (7:8×) over disk (Mellanox nbdX), and median and tail latencies between 5:4× (2×) and 61× (2:3×). INFINISWAP achieves these with negligible remote CPU usage, whereas nbdX becomes CPU-bound. INFINISWAP increases the overall memory utilization of a cluster and works well at scale.
OPERATING PARAMETER EFFECTS ON THE SOLID CIRCULATION RATE IN A DUAL FLUIDIZED-BED GASIFICATION SYSTEM (2015)

The solid circulation is crucial for sustaining biomass gasification within dual fluidized-bed systems, since the heat utilization between the gasifier and combustor is mainly implemented through the circulation of bed material. In this work, a three-dimensional model was established to simulate the hydrodynamics of a dual fluidized-bed gasification system. The purpose of this work is to determine effective ways to improve the solid circulation. In this CFD model, the gas phase was described by large eddy simulation (LES) while the particle phase was described by the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method. This hydrodynamic model successfully predicted the bubbling fluidized-bed gasifier and the pneumatic riser combustor for the dual fluidized-bed system. A grid resolution study was conducted to examine the model accuracy. A series of case studies were implemented to investigate the impact of operating parameters on the solid circulation rate to include: steam to the gasifier, the bed height of the gasifier, and the air supplies to the combustor on the solid circulation. NOMENCLATURE Greek Symbols �� volume fraction �� density �� velocity �� pressure �� drag force �� standard gravity
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Potent HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors Containing a Novel Pseudo‐Symmetric Dipeptide Isostere. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hyperaging Tuning of a Carbon Molecular‐Sieve Hollow Fiber Membrane with Extraordinary Gas‐Separation Performance and Stability (2019)

Abstract This study reports 6FDA:BPDA‐DAM polyimide‐derived hollow fiber carbon molecular‐sieve (CMS) membranes for hydrogen and ethylene separation. Since H 2 /C 2 H 4 selectivity is the lowest among H 2 /(C 1 ‐C 3 ) hydrocarbons, an optimized CMS fiber for this gas pair is useful for removing hydrogen from all‐cracked gas mixtures. A process we term hyperaging provides highly selective CMS fiber membranes by tuning CMS ultramicropores to favor H 2 over larger molecules to give a H 2 /C 2 H 4 selectivity of over 250. Hyperaging conditions and a hyperaging mechanism are discussed in terms of an expedited physical aging process, which is largely controlled by the hyperaging temperature. For the specific CMS material considered here, a hyperaging temperature beyond 90 °C but less than 250 °C works best. Hyperaging also stabilizes CMS materials against physical aging and stabilizes the performance of H 2 separation over extended periods. This work opens a door in the development of CMS materials for the separation of small molecules from large molecules.
Non-Invasive Highly Integrated Transformer Power Detector for Self-Healing PA in 130nm H9SOI-FEM CMOS Technology (2016)

International audience
Which ASR should I choose for my dialogue system (2013)

We present an analysis of several pub-licly available automatic speech recogniz-ers (ASRs) in terms of their suitability for use in different types of dialogue systems. We focus in particular on cloud based ASRs that recently have become available to the community. We include features of ASR systems and desiderata and re-quirements for different dialogue systems, taking into account the dialogue genre, type of user, and other features. We then present speech recognition results for six different dialogue systems. The most in-teresting result is that different ASR sys-tems perform best on the data sets. We also show that there is an improvement over a previous generation of recognizers on some of these data sets. We also inves-tigate language understanding (NLU) on the ASR output, and explore the relation-ship between ASR and NLU performance. 1
Human Lamin B Contains a Farnesylated Cysteine Residue (1989)

We recently showed that HeLa cell lamin B is modified by a mevalonic acid derivative. Here we identified the modified amino acid, determined its mode of linkage to the mevalonic acid derivative, and established the derivative's structure. A cysteine residue is modified because experiments with lamin B that had been biosynthetically labeled with [3H]mevalonic acid or [35S]cysteine and then extensively digested with proteases yielded 3H- or 35S-labeled products that co-chromatographed in five successive systems. A thioether linkage rather than a thioester linkage is involved because the mevalonic acid derivative could be released from the 3H-labeled products in a pentane-extractable form by treatment with Raney nickel but not with methanolic KOH. The derivative is a farnesyl moiety because the Raney nickel-released material was identified as 2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatriene by a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The thioether-modified cysteine residue appears to be located near the carboxyl end of lamin B because treatment of 3H-labeled lamin B with cyanogen bromide yielded a single labeled polypeptide that mapped toward this end of the cDNA-inferred sequence of human lamin B.
In situ monitoring of electrochemical reactions through CNT-assisted paper cell mass spectrometry (2019)

A novel method of coupling electrochemistry (EC) with mass spectrometry (MS) is illustrated with a paper-based electrochemical cell supported by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The electrochemically formed ions, created at appropriate electrochemical potentials, are ejected into the gas phase from the modified paper, without the application of additional potential. The electrochemical cell was fabricated by using a rectangular CNT-coated Whatman 42 filter paper with printed electrodes, using silver paste. This was used for studying the electrochemical conversion of thiols to disulfides, and the functionalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which involve S-S and C-C bond formations, respectively. We also demonstrate the versatility of the set-up by utilizing it for the detection of radical cations of metallocenes, monitoring the oxidation of sulfides through the detection of reactive intermediates, and the detection of radical cations of PAHs, all of which occur at specific applied potentials. Finally, the applicability of this technique for qualitative and quantitative analyses of environmentally relevant molecules has been demonstrated by studying the electrochemical oxidation of glucose (Glu) to gluconic acid (GlcA) and saccharic acid (SacA).
New technique for hyperspectral image analysis with applications to anomaly detection (2000)

This paper describes a new approach to hyperspectral image analysis using spectral signature mixture models. In this new approach spectral end-member extraction and spectral unmixing are co-dependent objectives. Previous methods tended to serialize these tasks. Our approach shows that superior hyperspectral modeling can be obtained through a parallel objective approach. The new approach also implements natural constraints on the end-members and mixtures. These constraints allow us to adopt a physical interpretation of the hyperspectral image decomposition. This new modeling technique is useful for the detection of known signatures and, more significantly, for the detection of unknown, partially occluded scene anomalies. The anomaly detection algorithm is aided by the newly developed Quad-AR filter which acts as an efficient optimal adaptive clutter rejection filter. Examples are given using a 3-band color image and 210-band HYDICE forest radiance data. The results show these new techniques to be quite effective.
Synthesis of new dihydrooxathiino[2,3‐b]quinoline (1996)

Abstract A synthesis of new dihydrooxathiinoquinoline 4 is described. The key compound 6 was prepared by known methods from acetoacetanilide 1 . A condensation of β‐chlorosulfide 6 in 75% aqueous sulfuric acid gave quinolone 5 . Conversion of 5 to 4 was achieved by treatment with potassium hydroxide in ethanol solution.
Nanoxerography utilizing bipolar charge patterns (2012)

We report a nanoxerography utilizing alternating bipolar surface charge patterns. Unlike a conventional nanoxerography using unipolar charge patterns, the present concept generates convex shaped equipotential planes with large curvature that can act as nanoscopic electrostatic lenses. Through these lenses, positively charged aerosol nanoparticles are focused into the center region of the negative surface charge pattern leading to the significant reduction of particle deposition width. We also demonstrate that the focusing capability can be controlled by changing ion flow rates. Numerical simulations of the trajectory and deposition of charged particles were done to support experimental results.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation of 1,2-diphenylethane derivatives, potential metabolites of denzimol. (1989)

A number of new 1,2-diphenylethane derivatives were synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity. Their structure was designed on the basis of the potential metabolic degradation of the imidazole ring present in denzimol ( ( +/- )-N-[2-[4-(beta-phenylethyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxethyl]imidazole), a potent anticonvulsant. The compounds which inhibited the electroshock-induced seizures (MES) in mice, namely N-[4-(beta-phenylethyl)phenacyl]formamide (VII) and N-[2-[4-(beta-phenylethyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxyethyl]formamide (IX), proved active also as inhibitors of the pentylenetetrazole-induced tonic seizures. The results of the pharmacological screening were evaluated in relation to the lipophilicity of the compounds.
In vivo assembly of nanoparticle components to improve targeted cancer imaging (2010)

Many small molecular anticancer agents are often ineffective at detecting or treating cancer due to their poor pharmacokinetics. Using nanoparticles as carriers can improve this because their large size reduces clearance and improves retention within tumors, but it also slows their rate of transfer from circulation into the tumor interstitium. Here, we demonstrate an alternative strategy whereby a molecular contrast agent and engineered nanoparticle undergo in vivo molecular assembly within tumors, combining the rapid influx of the smaller and high retention of the larger component. This strategy provided rapid tumor accumulation of a fluorescent contrast agent, 16- and 8-fold faster than fluorescently labeled macromolecule or nanoparticle controls achieved. Diagnostic sensitivity was 3.0 times that of a passively targeting nanoparticle, and this improvement was achieved 3 h after injection. The advantage of the in vivo assembly approach for targeting is rapid accumulation of small molecular agents in tumors, shorter circulation time requirements, possible systemic clearance while maintaining imaging sensitivity in the tumor, and nanoparticle anchors in tumors can be utilized to alter the pharmacokinetics of contrast agents, therapeutics, and other nanoparticles. This study demonstrates molecular assembly of nanoparticles within tumors, and provides a new basis for the future design of nanomaterials for medical applications.
Full-color subtractive light valve for display applications (1990)

A full-color miniature light valve is being investigated for display applications. The light valve is based on a subtractive rather than an additive approach to color mixture. In utilizing a subtractive color approach, a full-color information display is created using a single broadband light source whose energy passes through a stack of three thin liquid crystal cells. Each cell contains a different dichroic dye (e.g. cyan, magenta, and yellow) in a guest/host arrangement with the liquid crystal medium. Each dichroic guest/host liquid crystal cell constitutes an electronic color filter, switchable by the application of an appropriate voltage across the two plates of the cell. In one extreme state, the cells simply pass all spectral components of the light, while in the other extreme state the spectral composition of light passing through the cells is altered by the particular dichroic dye so that the complementary color of the dye is blocked or subtracted from passage through the cell. Voltages between the extremes produce the gradations in spectral throughput required for fullcolor operation. The achievable color gamut will be approximately equal to a shadow-mask color CRT. With a pixel addressing mechanism in each of the cells, a full color information display is created with complete color control at each individual pixel.
All-optical spectral linewidth reduction of lasers for coherent optical communication (2013)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an effective spectral linewidth suppression scheme for a commercial tunable laser source. By using a long-cavity, narrow-bandwidth stimulated Brillouin scattering filter and multifrequency-selection mechanism simultaneously, a single-longitudinal-mode laser output with linewidth suppression from ~3 MHz to less than 20 kHz is successfully achieved in the whole C-band. Meanwhile, insertion loss of ~5 dB and a side-mode suppression ratio improvement of ~20 dB at a typical output wavelength of 1552.520 nm are obtained. The scheme is experimentally verified to be wavelength independent in the C-band and characterized with good performance of wavelength and power stability.
Imaging Dot Patterns for Measuring Gossamer Space Structures (2005)

A paper describes a photogrammetric method for measuring the changing shape of a gossamer (membrane) structure deployed in outer space. Such a structure is typified by a solar sail comprising a transparent polymeric membrane aluminized on its Sun-facing side and coated black on the opposite side. Unlike some prior photogrammetric methods, this method does not require an artificial light source or the attachment of retroreflectors to the gossamer structure. In a basic version of the method, the membrane contains a fluorescent dye, and the front and back coats are removed in matching patterns of dots. The dye in the dots absorbs some sunlight and fluoresces at a longer wavelength in all directions, thereby enabling acquisition of high-contrast images from almost any viewing angle. The fluorescent dots are observed by one or more electronic camera(s) on the Sun side, the shade side, or both sides. Filters that pass the fluorescent light and suppress most of the solar spectrum are placed in front of the camera(s) to increase the contrast of the dots against the background. The dot image(s) in the camera(s) are digitized, then processed by use of commercially available photogrammetric software.
Impact of sub-threshold SOA on ESD protection schemes (2016)

SOA (safe operating area) at subthreshold gate voltages are typically not of interest during normal operation. Under ESD conditions, however, the device could be biased in the subthreshold regime. In this paper we discuss the impact of subthreshold gate voltages on the SOA boundary of LDMOS devices and its implications to ESD design.
PD61-09 INDEX TUMOR VOLUME ON MRI AS A PREDICTOR OF PATHOLOGIC OUTCOMES FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (2017)

margin. Gleason grade at the PSM was an independent predictor of BCR compared to presence of PSM alone. In patients with Gleason sum 7 disease on traditional final pathology, those with Gleason 3 at the PSM had a lower BCR rate (25.0%, 8/32) compared to those with Gleason 4+ (58.8%, 10/17, p 0.02).
Multicasting in a growable packet (ATM) switch (1991)

A three stage packet switch architecture that uses a two stage, self-routing memoryless interconnection network to interconnect a third stage of smaller packet switches has been proposed by K. Y. Eng et al. (1988) and M. J. Karol and Chih-Lin I. (1989). The authors propose a new routing algorithm for this architecture that facilitates the multicasting of packets. Packets are duplicated as near to the switch's outputs as possible. The authors also analyze the switch's multicast performance, finding an overbound on the packet loss probability. The resulting overbound shows that a small increase in the expansion factor is sufficient to maintain a multicast packet loss probability that is equivalent to that obtained in the non-multicast case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tumor control via targeting PD-L1 with chimeric antigen receptor modified NK cells (2020)

Abstract Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. This approach may still be limited by the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid populations. Here we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. Treatment of xenograft tumors resulted in PD-L1 dependent tumor growth inhibition. PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. The clinical study of PD-L1 CAR haNKs is warranted.
Poly(Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition Counteracts Multiple Manifestations of Experimental Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy (2009)

This study was aimed at evaluating the role for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in early nephropathy associated with type 1 diabetes. Control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats were maintained with or without treatment with one of two structurally unrelated PARP inhibitors, 1,5-isoquinolinediol (ISO) and 10-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-2H-7-oxa-1,2-diaza-benzo[de] anthracen-3-one (GPI-15427), at 3 mg/kg(-1) x d(-1) ip and 30 mg/kg(-1) x d(-1), respectively, for 10 wk after the first 2 wk without treatment. PARP activity in the renal cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated proteins. Variables of diabetic nephropathy in urine and renal cortex were evaluated by ELISA, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and colorimetry. Urinary albumin excretion was increased about 4-fold in diabetic rats, and this increase was prevented by ISO and GPI-15427. PARP inhibition counteracted diabetes-associated increase in poly(ADP-ribose) immunoreactivities in renal glomeruli and tubuli and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated protein level. Renal concentrations of TGF-beta(1), vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelin-1, TNF-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, lipid peroxidation products, and nitrotyrosine were increased in diabetic rats, and all these changes as well as an increase in urinary TNF-alpha excretion were completely or partially prevented by ISO and GPI-15427. PARP inhibition counteracted diabetes-induced up-regulation of endothelin (B) receptor, podocyte loss, accumulation of collagen-alpha1 (IY), periodic acid-Schiff-positive substances, fibronectin, and advanced glycation end-products in the renal cortex. In conclusion, PARP activation is implicated in multiple changes characteristic for early nephropathy associated with type 1 diabetes. These findings provide rationale for development and further studies of PARP inhibitors and PARP inhibitor-containing combination therapies.
In-kernel integration of operating system and infiniband functions for high performance computing clusters: a DSM example (2005)

The infiniband (IB) system area network (SAN) enables applications to access hardware directly from user level, reducing the overhead of user-kernel crossings during data transfer. However, distributed applications that exhibit close coupling between network and OS services may benefit from accessing IB from the kernel through IB's native verbs interface, which permits tight integration of these services. We assess this approach using a sequential-consistency distributed shared memory (DSM) system as an example. We first develop primitives that abstract the low-level communication and kernel details, and efficiently serve the application's communication, memory, and scheduling needs. Next, we combine the primitives to form a kernel DSM protocol. The approach is evaluated using our full-fledged Linux kernel DSM implementation over infiniband. We show that overheads are reduced substantially, and overall application performance is improved in terms of both absolute execution time and scalability relative to an entirely user level implementation.
Contralateral Injections of Botulinum A Toxin for the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm to Achieve Increased Facial Symmetry (1992)

Six patients noted facial asymmetry after botulinum toxin injection for hemifacial spasm. Each patient was injected on the side contralateral to the spasms with 10 to 15 IU over the zygomatic major and minor muscles. Each patient noted improvement in facial symmetry in the resting position and dynamic facial movements. Five of the six patients desired this approach with subsequent injections. This injection method variation proved helpful in the managing of hemifacial weakness created by botulinum A toxin for this condition.
<title>Optical effects induced in oxide glasses by irradiation</title> (1991)

Spectral changes induced by UV irradiation were studied in a variety of glasses. These include photosensitive glasses in which colloidal silver is formed, glasses in which the formation of V+ ions produces violet color, and glasses in which irradiation within a charge transfer band leads to the formation of Fe+2 ions and holes in the valence band. In all of these glasses, hole trapping by non-bridging oxygen atoms is required for the occurence of spectral changes.