gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactivation of chronic type B hepatitis: The effect on expression of serum HBV‐DNA and Pre‐S encoded proteins (1988)

Hepatitis B markers were studied in seven patients with reactivated liver disease. Reactivation of chronic type B hepatitis, as indicated by the reappearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the serum, was characterised by the appearance of hepatitis B virus-DNA (HBV-DNA) in the serum. The expression of pre-S 1 encoded protein remained unchanged in five of seven patients, and poly-HSA as a marker for pre-S 2 encoded protein remained detectable in six of seven patients before and after reactivation of chronic hepatitis. The level of serum HBV-DNA correlated well with the level of liver enzymes, which rose from normal to various levels after reactivation of the liver disease. The data suggest that inflammatory activity of the liver disease is not related to the expression of pre-S encoded protein but to viral replication. Possibly pre-C and C-gene encoded antigens, which are produced together with viral nucleic acid and expressed on the surface of HBV-infected liver cells, play the key role in liver damage believed to be mediated by cytotoxic T cells.
The Dual Function of Capsaicin‐Sensitive Sensory Nerves in the Bladder and Urethra (2007)

The sensory innervation of the urinary bladder and urethra plays a key role in a variety of reflexes involved in urine storage and voiding. Dysfunction of these systems is a possible cause of many disturbances related to urine continence but basic knowledge in this field has been hampered by the lack of tools for studying sensory nerves. The use of capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red peppers, allowed us to investigate the anatomical and functional properties of a specific subset of sensory neurons in the lower urinary tract. These 'capsaicin-sensitive' neurons play a dual sensory and 'efferent' function, determined by transmitter release from their central and peripheral nerve endings. Tachykinins, including substance P, and other neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, mediate the functions of these sensory neurons. The 'sensory' function includes regulation of micturition threshold, activation of cardiovascular reflexes and perception of pain from the urinary bladder. The 'efferent' function includes local regulation of muscle cell activity, nerve excitability, blood flow and plasma protein extravasation. Recent data suggest that capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves could be present in the human bladder.
High Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation Study – Flagstaff Community Power (Final Technical Report, Results of Phases 2-5) (2015)

APS’s renewable energy portfolio, driven in part by Arizona’s Renewable Energy Standard (RES) currently includes more than 1100 MW of installed capacity, equating to roughly 3000 GWh of annual production. Overall renewable production is expected to grow to 6000 GWh by 2025. It is expected that distributed photovoltaics, driven primarily by lower cost, will contribute to much of this growth and that by 2025, distributed installations will account for half of all renewable production (3000GHW). As solar penetration increases, additional analysis may be required for routine utility processes to ensure continued safe and reliable operation of the electric distribution network. Such processes include residential or commercial interconnection requests and load shifting during normal feeder operations. Circuits with existing high solar penetration will also have to be studied and results will need to be evaluated for adherence to utility practices or strategy. Increased distributed PV penetration may offer benefits such as load offsetting, but it also has the potential to adversely impact distribution system operation. These effects may be exacerbated by the rapid variability of PV production. Detailed effects of these phenomena in distributed PV applications continue to be studied. Comprehensive, high-resolution electrical models of the distribution system were developed to analyze the impacts of PV on distribution circuit protection systems (including coordination and anti-islanding), predict voltage regulation and phase balance issues, and develop volt/VAr control schemes. Modeling methods were refined by validating against field measurements. To augment the field measurements, methods were developed to synthesize high resolution load and PV generation data to facilitate quasi-static time series simulations. The models were then extended to explore boundary conditions for PV hosting capability of the feeder and to simulate common utility practices such as feeder reconfiguration. The modeling and analysis methodology was implemented using open source tools and a process was developed to aid utility engineers in future interconnection requests. Methods to increase PV hosting capacity were also explored during the course of the study. A 700kVA grid-supportive inverter was deployed on the feeder and each grid support mode was demonstrated. Energy storage was explored through simulation and models were developed to calculate the optimum size and placement needed to increase PV hosting capacity. A tool was developed to aid planners in assigning relative costs and benefits to various strategies for increasing PV hosting capacity beyond current levels. Following the completion of the project, APS intends to use the tools and methods to improve the framework of future PV integration on its system. The tools and methods are also expected to aid other utilities to accelerate distributed PV deployment.
Lecture des tests intradermiques de la tuberculinique par spectroscopie: résultats cliniques (2012)

National audience
Organic photovoltaic cell incorporating electron conducting exciton blocking layers (2023)

The present disclosure relates to photosensitive optoelectronic devices including a compound blocking layer located between an acceptor material and a cathode, the compound blocking layer including: at least one electron conducting material, and at least one wide-gap electron conducting exciton blocking layer. For example, 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI) and 1,4,5,8-napthalene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (NTCDA) function as electron conducting and exciton blocking layers when interposed between the acceptor layer and cathode. Both materials serve as efficient electron conductors, leading to a fill factor as high as 0.70. By using an NTCDA/PTCBI compound blocking layer structure increased power conversion efficiency is achieved, compared to an analogous device using a conventional blocking layers shown to conduct electrons via damage-induced midgap states.
Pancreatic Islet-Specific Expression of an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Transgene Compensates Islet Cell Growth in Growth Hormone Receptor Gene-Deficient Mice (2005)

Both GH and IGF-I stimulate islet cell growth, inhibit cell apoptosis, and regulate insulin biosynthesis and secretion. GH receptor gene deficiency (GHR(-/-)) caused diminished pancreatic islet cell mass and serum insulin level and elevated insulin sensitivity. Because IGF-I gene expression was nearly abolished in these mice, we sought to determine whether that had caused the islet defects. To restore IGF-I level, we have generated transgenic mice that express rat IGF-I cDNA under the direction of rat insulin promoter 1 (RIP-IGF). Using RNase protection assay and immunohistochemistry, the IGF-I transgene expression was revealed specifically in pancreatic islets of the RIP-IGF mice, which exhibited normal growth and development and possess no abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, insulin production, and islet cell mass. GHR(-/-) mice exhibited 50% reduction in the ratio of islet cell mass to body weight and increased insulin sensitivity but impaired glucose tolerance. Compared with GHR(-/-) alone, IGF-I overexpression on a GHR(-/-) background caused no change in the diminished blood glucose and serum insulin levels, pancreatic insulin contents, and insulin tolerance but improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. Remarkably, islet-specific overexpression of IGF-I gene in GHR(-/-) mice restored islet cell mass, at least partially through cell hypertrophy. Interestingly, double-transgenic male mice demonstrated a transient rescue in growth rates vs. GHR(-/-) alone, at 2-3 months of age. Our results suggest that IGF-I deficiency is part of the underlying mechanism of diminished islet growth in GHR(-/-) mice and are consistent with the notion that IGF-I mediates GH-induced islet cell growth.
Optical coherence tomography imaging during thyroid and parathyroid surgery: A novel system of tissue identification and differentiation to obviate tissue resection and frozen section (2013)

This pilot study demonstrated that new-generation OCT systems are capable of recognizing and differentiating neck tissues encountered during thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. Further advances in OCT miniaturization and development of sterile intraoperative probe formats may allow OCT to offer an intraoperative "optical biopsy" without fixation, staining, or tissue resection.
Cross-layer system resilience at affordable power (2014)

In this paper, we address the challenge of achieving very high energy efficiency, while meeting target levels of performance and resilience to transient errors. We focus mainly at the processor chip level, while keeping in mind two ends of the system spectrum: (a) low power, real-time constrained embedded systems; and (b) extreme-scale high performance systems (or supercomputers). We advocate and illustrate the use of cross-layer resilience optimization as a general solution strategy.
A method to improve the performance of high-speed waveform digitizing (2003)

One method for achieving high-speed waveform digitizing uses time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC's). Time interleaving with two or more ADC's enables waveform digitizing at sampling rates proportionately faster than when using just one ADC. A well-known drawback of this method is that the misalignment of sampling instances degrades the achievable dynamic range. This paper proposes a solution that removes distortion caused by the alignment error with digital signal processing. Since the algorithm is realized as an extension to the ordinary FFT, the objective is achieved without significant loss of throughput.
Diffusion and tunneling currents in GaN/InGaN multiple quantum well light-emitting diodes (2002)

We have studied the electrical characteristics and optical properties of GaN/InGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. It appears that there is an essential link between material quality and the mechanism of current transport through the wide-bandgap p-n junction. Tunneling behavior dominates throughout all injection regimes in a device with a high density of defects in the space-charge region, which act as deep-level carrier traps. However, in a high-quality LED diode, temperature-dependent diffusion-recombination current has been identified with an ideality factor of 1.6 at moderate biases. Light output has been found to follow a power law, i.e., L /spl prop/ I/sup m/ in both devices. In the high-quality LED, nonradiative recombination centers are saturated at current densities as low as 1.4 /spl times/ 10/sup -2/ A/cm/sup 2/. This low saturation level indicates that the defects in GaN, especially the high density of edge dislocations, are generally optically inactive.
Ultra-fast steady state free precession and its application to in vivo 1H morphological and functional lung imaging at 1.5 tesla (2013)

On clinical whole body MRI systems, the TR of SSFP-based Cartesian imaging can be pushed toward the 1 ms regime. As a result, ultra-fast SSFP protocols might represent a promising new powerful approach for SSFP-based imaging, not only for lung but also in a variety of clinical and scientific applications.
LF and VLF antenna modeling (2004)

The 60 kHz timing station in Fort Collins, Colorado known as WWVB and a 21.4 kHz Navy VLF transmit antenna at Lualualei, Hawaii were modeled using the method of moments wire modeling code, Expert MININEC Broadcast Professional. An accurate computational antenna model was needed in order to evaluate proposed antenna modifications. The evaluation criteria for defining an "accurate" computational antenna model were accurate prediction of measured values for feed impedance, effective height, and self-resonant frequency.
Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific T Helper Cell Responses before Detection of Infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serum Antibodies [Corrected Title: Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Indicated by HIV-specific T Helper Cell Responses before Detection of Infection by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serum Antibodies] (2016)

A healthy individual at risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was studied longitudinally for 19 months for evidence of exposure to and infection with HIV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested at 1,5,13,16, and 19 months for T helper (Th) cell function by in vitro-generated proliferation and interleukin-2 production in response to four synthetic peptides corresponding to env of HIV. PBMC were also tested for proviral DNA using gag primers by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 0, 5, 10, 13, 16, and 19 months. HIV serology by ELISA and p24 antigen and Western blot analyses were done on samples taken at 0, 1, 5,10,13,16, and 19 months. The results indicated that both Th cell tests were positive during months 5-19. In contrast, the PCR and all serologic assays were negative except for month 19, when the assays became positive. These results, based on the longitudinal study of one individual, showed that the Th cell tests can reveal exposure to HIV-1 antigens several months before evidence of viral infection is detected, even by PCR.
People with Cerebral Palsy and Their Family’s Preferences about Genomics Research (2021)

The success of genomic research and international data sharing efforts in CP are contingent upon broad support and recruitment. Ongoing consultation and engagement of individuals with CP and their families will facilitate trust and promote increased awareness of genomics in CP that may in turn maximize participant uptake and recruitment.
Mining the Potential of Label-Free Biosensors for In Vitro Antipsychotic Drug Screening (2018)

The pharmaceutical industry is facing enormous challenges due to high drug attribution rates. For the past decades, novel methods have been developed for safety and efficacy testing, as well as for improving early development stages. <i>In vitro</i> screening methods for drug-receptor binding are considered to be good alternatives for decreasing costs in the identification of drug candidates. However, these methods require lengthy and troublesome labeling steps. Biosensors hold great promise due to the fact that label-free detection schemes can be designed in an easy and low-cost manner. In this paper, for the first time in the literature, we aimed to compare the potential of label-free optical and impedimetric electrochemical biosensors for the screening of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) based on their binding properties to dopamine receptors. Particularly, we have chosen a currently-used atypical antipsychotic drug (Buspirone) for investigating its dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) binding properties using an impedimetric biosensor and a nanoplasmonic biosensor. Both biosensors have been specifically functionalized and characterized for achieving a highly-sensitive and reliable analysis of drug-D3R binding. Our biosensor strategies allow for comparing different affinities against the D3R, which facilitates the identification of strong or weak dopamine antagonists via <i>in vitro</i> assays. This work demonstrates the unique potential of label-free biosensors for the implementation of cost-efficient and simpler analytical tools for the screening of antipsychotic drugs.
Detection of Premalignant Gastrointestinal Lesions Using Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering–Nanoparticle Endoscopy (2019)

Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are among the most frequent and most lethal cancers worldwide. An important reason for this high mortality is that early disease is typically asymptomatic, and patients often present with advanced, incurable disease. Even in high-risk patients who routinely undergo endoscopic screening, lesions can be missed due to their small size or subtle appearance. Thus, current imaging approaches lack the sensitivity and specificity to accurately detect incipient GI tract cancers. Here we report our finding that a single dose of a high-sensitivity surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering nanoparticle (SERRS-NP) enables reliable detection of precancerous GI lesions in animal models that closely mimic disease development in humans. Some of these animal models have not been used previously to evaluate imaging probes for early cancer detection. The studies were performed using a commercial Raman imaging system, a newly developed mouse Raman endoscope, and finally a clinically applicable Raman endoscope for larger animal studies. We show that this SERRS-NP-based approach enables robust detection of small, premalignant lesions in animal models that faithfully recapitulate human esophageal, gastric, and colorectal tumorigenesis. This method holds promise for much earlier detection of GI cancers than currently possible and could lead therefore to marked reduction of morbidity and mortality of these tumor types.
DNPLab/DNPLab: 1.0.7 (2021)

Updated Documentation Improvements to Alignment Function New lineshape functions added
High‐temperature thin‐film barriers for foldable AMOLED displays (2018)

Abstract We present a thin‐film dual‐layer bottom barrier on polyimide that is compatible with 350°C backplane processing for organic light‐emitting diode displays and that can facilitate foldable active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode devices with a bending radius of &lt;2 mm. We demonstrate organic light‐emitting diodes that survive bending over 0.5 mm radius for 10.000× based on the high‐temperature bottom barrier. Furthermore, we show compatibility of the bottom barrier with the backplane process by fabricating active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode displays on GEN1‐sized substrates.
Application of the operator expansion method to scattering of low frequency sound from the ocean surface (2002)

The operator expansion (OE) method, a new approximation for computing scattering from rough surfaces proposed by Milder (1991), is applied to the problem of low frequency (200 Hz) acoustic scattering from one-dimensional (1D) randomly rough surfaces used to model the ocean surface. The accuracy of the OE solution is determined through comparison with the exact solution obtained by solving an integral equation. Both methods compute scattering from a single deterministic surface; comparisons are presented for averages computed using 50 surface realizations. The OE solution is cast as a series which is found to be rapidly convergent and accurate over a wide range of incident and scattering angles. Alternative forms of the OE series solution also proposed by Milder prove to be more efficient than the standard series at obtaining an accurate solution. The authors' numerical studies for 1D surface scattering indicate that rapid convergence of the OE solution is always associated with its accuracy; this behavior is expected to carry over to scattering from 2D surfaces, for which exact solutions are still very costly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of a cDNA encoding a 34-kDa Purkinje neuron protein recognized by sera from patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. (1989)

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration is a neurological disorder of unknown cause occurring in patients with an identified or occult cancer. An autoimmune etiology is likely since autoantibodies directed against the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum have been found in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of some patients. Two Purkinje cell-specific antigens are recognized by these autoantibodies, a major antigen of 62 kDa (CDR 62, cerebellar degeneration-related 62-kDa protein) and a minor antigen of 34 kDa (CDR 34). Our previous studies have described the isolation and characterization of a human cerebellar cDNA that encodes an epitope recognized by sera from patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. We have now established by two independent methods that this gene is uniquely expressed in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and corresponds to the minor antigen CDR 34. This antigen is also expressed in tumor tissue from a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.
Complementation of Agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing aux mutants by genes from the T R -region of the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (1986)

In this paper we provide information indicating that the agropine-type root-inducing (Ri) plasmid pRi1855 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes contains functional genes for auxin production (aux) in the right transferred DNA (T-DNA) region (T(R)-region). These genes were cloned and introduced into the T-region of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids of mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying an aux mutation. Depending on the Ri aux gene present, the oncogenicity of the Ti aux-1 and/or aux-2 mutations was restored, showing that the Ri aux genes are able to complement the Ti aux genes. Agrobacterium strains with an agropine-type Ri plasmid not only cause hairy root on certain plant species, but they also induce tumors on other plant species. In this paper it is shown that a mutation in either of the aux genes in the Ri plasmid leads to a total loss of tumorigenicity and a strongly diminished rhizogenicity of the host bacterium, revealing that the aux genes are important for tumor and root induction. Agrobacterium strains containing the T(R)-region but not the T(L) (left)-region of the Ri plasmid are still tumorigenic on certain plant species but are no longer capable of hairy-root induction.
Fabrication of magnetic microfiltration systems using soft lithography (2002)

Arrays of nickel posts were used as magnetic elements in a microfiltration device that is compatible with microfluidic systems. The combination of microtransfer molding—a soft lithography technique—and electrodeposition generated nickel posts ∼7 μm in height and ∼15 μm in diameter inside a microfluidic channel. Once magnetized by a magnetic field from an external, permanent, neodymium–iron–boron magnet, these nickel posts generated strong magnetic field gradients and efficiently trapped superparamagnetic beads moving past them in a flowing stream of water. These nickel post arrays were also used to separate magnetic beads from nonmagnetic beads.