gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Landscape of the Frontal Lobe: A Tribute to Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic (2007)

A rod going through the frontal lobe of Phineas Gage in 1848 signaled the beginning of the quest to understand the enigma of this fascinating region of the cortical mantle. In the ensuing 100 years, progress was extraordinarily slow, save for the work of Jacobsen in 1935 revealing that the lateral prefrontal cortex was necessary for monkeys to hold stimuli for a short delay. In the 40 years after Jacobsen's work, neuroscientists such as Teuber, Nauta, and Luria were unable to pin down the neural basis of the prefrontal cortex in organized behavior. These eminent scientists referred to the frontal cortex as ''a riddle,'' ''mystifying,'' and the ''youngest and most complex portion of the cortex.'' The situation began to change in the 1970s, and the last decade has witnessed an accelerated growth in the field of prefrontal research. Today, empowered with techniques like single-cell recording from behaving nonhuman primates, functional brain imaging, and genomic mapping, neuroscientists are striving to elucidate the central role of the frontal lobe in a wide array of cognitive functions, such as working memory, attention, decision making, and social interaction. Indeed, one can find an important influence of prefrontal cortex on almost all key human behaviors including language, memory, perception, and emotion. Experimental findings have provided the impetus for developing increasingly sophisticated computational theories for conceptualizing prefrontal function and neural circuit models to test specific hypotheses about the inner workings of the frontal lobe. Lately, the field has also attracted increasing interest from the general public as evidence is accumulating that the prefrontal cortex holds the key to many educational, social, and mental health issues, including development of intellectual abilities, making moral judgments, and understanding and ultimately treating psychiatric diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Extended X‐Ray Absorption Fine Structure of Underpotentially Deposited Silver on Au(111) Electrodes. (1988)

Abstract The fluorescence‐detected surface EXAFS of silver, underpotentially deposited on Au(111) films on mica from aqueous Ag+/HClO4 solutions is used to study the local structure of the electrosorbed metal.
Cadres supérieurs : parents européens, enfants mondialisés (2007)

Dans cet entretien, Patrick Le Galès, directeur de recherche au CNRS, CEVIPOF Sciences Po, nous livre les premiers éléments issus d'une vaste enquête qu'il coordonne avec d'autres chercheurs sur "les cadres supérieurs dans les grandes villes européennes, mobilité et ségrégation, une comparaison entre Paris, Lyon, Madrid, Milan et Londres". Cette recherche porte sur les stratégies de différenciation, voire "d'exit", des cadres supérieurs par rapport aux sociétés nationales, et sur l'éventuelle constitution d'une "nouvelle bourgeoisie transnationale". Ses premiers résultats fournissent des éléments d'analyse passionnants sur la place des familles dans ces stratégies et leurs relations aux territoires métropolitains.\n
The 22q11.2 region regulates presynaptic gene-products linked to schizophrenia (2021)

Abstract To study how the 22q11.2 deletion predisposes to psychiatric disease, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells from deletion carriers and controls, as well as utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to introduce the heterozygous deletion into a control cell line. Upon differentiation into neural progenitor cells, we found the deletion acted in trans to alter the abundance of transcripts associated with risk for neurodevelopmental disorders including Autism Spectrum Disorder. In more differentiated excitatory neurons, altered transcripts encoded presynaptic factors and were associated with genetic risk for schizophrenia, including common (per-SNP heritability p ( τ c )= 4.2 x 10 -6 ) and rare, loss of function variants (p = 1.29×10 -12 ). These findings suggest a potential relationship between cellular states, developmental windows and susceptibility to psychiatric conditions with different ages of onset. To understand how the deletion contributed to these observed changes in gene expression, we developed and applied PPItools, which identifies the minimal protein-protein interaction network that best explains an observed set of gene expression alterations. We found that many of the genes in the 22q11.2 interval interact in presynaptic, proteasome, and JUN/FOS transcriptional pathways that underlie the broader alterations in psychiatric risk gene expression we identified. Our findings suggest that the 22q11.2 deletion impacts genes and pathways that may converge with risk loci implicated by psychiatric genetic studies to influence disease manifestation in each deletion carrier.
Asymmetric banana-shaped liquid crystals with two different terminal alkoxy chains (2004)

Two series of asymmetric banana-shaped compounds have been synthesized and studied. In the 1,3-phenylene bis[4-(4′-alkoxybenzoyloxy)]benzoate series the lack of symmetry was derived solely from the difference in length of the two terminal alkoxy chains. In the 3,4′-biphenylene bis[4-(4′-alkoxybenzoyloxy)]benzoate series the asymmetric nature originates from the 3,4′-substitution of the central biphenyl group and from the difference in length of the two terminal chains. All the melting points of the asymmetrical compounds in the series with the central phenyl unit are lower than those of the symmetrical compounds. The liquid crystalline B1 or B2 phase was retained in all cases. In the series with the central biphenyl unit the compounds with the shortest chain attached to the para-position of the central biphenyl unit have the lowest melting points. A significant lowering of the melting points in comparison with the symmetrically substituted compounds, however, could not be achieved. All the compounds of both series show a layer spacing which is comparable to those of the symmetrically substituted parent compounds. The observed switching behaviour of both the symmetric and asymmetric compounds with a B2 phase was antiferroelectric.
A rule-based controller based on suction detection for rotary blood pumps (2007)

A rule-based controller for rotary ventricular assist devices was developed to automatically regulate the pumping speed of the device without introducing suction in the ventricle. The control approach is based on a discriminant analysis function that detects the occurrence of suction, providing the input for the rule-based controller. This controller has been tested in simulations showing the ability to autonomously adjust pump flow according to the patient's level of activity, while sustaining adequate perfusion pressures. The performance of the system (suction detector and controller) was tested for several levels of activity and contractility state of the left ventricle, using a lumped parameter model of the circulatory system coupled with a left ventricular assist device. In all cases, the controller kept cardiac output and mean arterial pressure within acceptable physiologic ranges.
Mutant TRPV4-mediated Toxicity Is Linked to Increased Constitutive Function in Axonal Neuropathies (2011)

Mutations in TRPV4 have been linked to three distinct axonal neuropathies. However, the pathogenic mechanism underlying these disorders remains unclear. Both gain and loss of calcium channel activity of the mutant TRPV4 have been suggested. Here, we show that the three previously reported TRPV4 mutant channels have a physiological localization and display an increased calcium channel activity, leading to increased cytotoxicity in three different cell types. Patch clamp experiments showed that cells expressing mutant TRPV4 have much larger whole-cell currents than those expressing the wild-type TRPV4 channel. Single channel recordings showed that the mutant channels have higher open probability, due to a modification of gating, and no change in single-channel conductance. These data support the hypothesis that a "gain of function" mechanism, possibly leading to increased intracellular calcium influx, underlies the pathogenesis of the TRPV4-linked axonal neuropathies, and may have immediate implications for designing rational therapies.
Light extraction enhancement from nano-imprinted photonic crystal GaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (2006)

The nano-imprint lithography method was employed to incorporate wide-area (375 x 330 mum(2)) photonic-crystal (PC) patterns onto the top surface of GaN-based LEDs. When the 280-nm-thick p-GaN was partly etched to ~140 nm, the maximal extraction-efficiency was observed without deteriorating electrical properties. After epoxy encapsulation, the light output of the PC LED was enhanced by 25% in comparison to the standard LED without pattern, at a standard current of 20 mA. By three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, we found that the extraction efficiency of the LED tends to be saturated as the etch-depth in the GaN epitaxial-layer becomes larger than the wavelength of the guided modes.
A data infrastructure for heterogeneous telemetry adaptation. Application to Netflow-based cryptojacking detection (2023)

The increasing development of cryptocurrencies has brought cryptojacking as a new security threat in which attackers steal computing resources for cryptomining. The digitization of the supply chain is a potential major target for cryptojacking due to the large number of different infrastructures involved. These different infrastructures provide information sources that can be useful to detect cryptojacking, but with a wide variety of data formats and encodings. This paper describes the Semantic Data Aggregator (SDA), a normalization and aggregation system based on data modelling and low-latency processing of data streams that facilitates the integration of heterogeneous information sources. As a use case, the paper describes a Cryptomining Detection System (CDS) based on network traffic flows processed by a machine learning engine. The results show how the SDA is leveraged in this use case to obtain aggregated information that improves the performance of the CDS.
Controls and Hardware Development of Multi-Level Miller Cycle Dynamic Skip Fire (mDSF) Technology (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;mDSF is a novel cylinder deactivation technology developed at Tula Technology, which combines the torque control of Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) with Miller cycle engines to optimize fuel efficiency at minimal cost. mDSF employs a valvetrain with variable valve lift plus deactivation and novel control algorithms founded on Tula’s proven DSF technology. This allows cylinders to dynamically alternate among 3 potential states designated as: High Fire, Low Fire, and Skip (deactivation). The Low Fire state is achieved through an aggressive Miller cycle with Early Intake Valve Closing (EIVC). The three operating states in mDSF can be used to simultaneously optimize engine efficiency and driveline vibrations. Acceleration performance is retained using the all-cylinder, High Fire mode. mDSF can be implemented cost-effectively using an asymmetric intake valve lift strategy, with one high-flow power charging port and one high-efficiency Miller port.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Prototype mDSF cylinder heads were based on the EA888 Gen 3B engine by retrofitting the valvetrain with asymmetric intake cams, deactivatable roller finger followers and two oil control valves per cylinder. Event-based engine controls were developed to enable for each cylinder dynamic selection of the three mDSF operating modes: High Fire, Low Fire and Skip. Appropriate air estimation, fuel control and ignition control techniques were employed to ensure acceptable torque delivery and tailpipe emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engine dynamometer tests showed a 23% reduction in engine fuel consumption at 1500 rpm, 2 bar NMEP. Maximum torque and power from the baseline production engine up to 5000 rpm were also achieved. mDSF vehicle tests on the WLTC demonstrated a 6% reduction in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from Miller 2-step. Euro 6d compliant emissions were also reported. Further improvements in fuel economy, drivability and NVH may be possible by leveraging mixed firing densities more extensively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
ONC201 and imipridones: Anti-cancer compounds with clinical efficacy (2020)

ONC201 was originally discovered as TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-inducing compound TIC10. ONC201 appears to act as a selective antagonist of the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), and as an allosteric agonist of mitochondrial protease caseinolytic protease P (ClpP). Downstream of target engagement, ONC201 activates the ATF4/CHOP-mediated integrated stress response leading to TRAIL/Death Receptor 5 (DR5) activation, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation via c-myc, and inactivates Akt/ERK signaling in tumor cells. This typically results in DR5/TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells; however, DR5/TRAIL-independent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or antiproliferative effects also occur. The effects of ONC201 extend beyond bulk tumor cells to include cancer stem cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment that can contribute to its efficacy. ONC201 is orally administered, crosses the intact blood brain barrier, and is under evaluation in clinical trials in patients with advanced solid tumors and hematological malignancies. ONC201 has single agent clinical activity in tumor types that are enriched for DRD2 and/or ClpP expression including specific subtypes of high-grade glioma, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, mantle cell lymphoma, and adrenal tumors. Synergy with radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immune-checkpoint agents has been identified in preclinical models and is being evaluated in clinical trials. Structure-activity relationships based on the core pharmacophore of ONC201, termed the imipridone scaffold, revealed novel potent compounds that are being developed. Imipridones represent a novel approach to therapeutically target previously undruggable GPCRs, ClpP, and innate immune pathways in oncology.
Automated Monitoring Cropland Using Remote Sensing Data: Challenges and Opportunities for Machine Learning (2019)

This paper provides an overview of how recent advances in machine learning and the availability of data from earth observing satellites can dramatically improve our ability to automatically map croplands over long period and over large regions. It discusses three applications in the domain of crop monitoring where ML approaches are beginning to show great promise. For each application, it highlights machine learning challenges, proposed approaches, and recent results. The paper concludes with discussion of major challenges that need to be addressed before ML approaches will reach their full potential for this problem of great societal relevance.
Solvent Influence on the Catalytic Activity and Surface Polarity of Inorganic Solid Acids (2002)

The surface-mediated hydride-transfer reaction of 1,4-cyclohexadiene with triphenylmethylium induced by two silicas, an alumina, and an aluminosilicate as solid acid catalyst, respectively, has been kinetically studied as a function of the polarity of the surrounding solvent. The specific rate constants k' have been determined in 10 different solvents. Generally, k' decreases with increasing polarity of the solvent. Kamlet−Taft's α (hydrogen-bond acidity) and π* (dipolarity/polarizability) parameters of the solid acid/solvent interface have been determined for alumina and aluminosilicate in various solvents. Fe(phen)2(CN)2 [cis-dicyanobis(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II), (1)] and Michler's ketone [4,4'-bis(N,N-dimethylamino)benzophenone, (2)] were used as solvatochromic surface polarity indicators. The UV/vis spectra of the two surface polarity indicators 1 and 2 adsorbed on solid acid catalysts from the solvents were measured by the reflection mode and the UV/vis absorption maxima were used to calculate the α and π* values of the catalysts. α of the solid acid catalyst/solvent interface decreases with increasing β term (hydrogen-bond accepting) ability of the solvent, whereas the π* term of the solvent marginally modifies the interfacial polarity. k' increases for each individual solvent with increasing β of the catalyst solvent interface in the order series silica < alumina < aluminosilicate. It can be shown that α of the solid acid catalyst/solvent interface decreases with increasing β term (hydrogen-bond accepting) ability of the solvent, whereas the π* term of the solvent marginally modifies the interfacial polarity.
524. Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery of Decoy Death Receptors Protects Mice from Hepatitis (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Death receptors are involved in various diseases such as hepatitis, sepsis or graft rejection. Neutralizing antibodies against apoptotic ligands or soluble death receptors are currently used to inhibit apoptosis but side effects due to their systemic action can be encountered. Therefore, to specifically restrict the inhibition of death signaling to target cells, we have developped a strategy based on membrane-anchored death receptors lacking death domains (DD).

Using adenovirus-mediated gene delivery, we showed that mice expressing Fas decoy receptor (Fas|[Delta]|DD) in the liver survived to fulminant hepatitis induced by anti-Fas Jo2 challenge as efficiently as mice expressing a Fas soluble antagonist. This protection stems from an inhibition of apoptosis as documented by measurement of TUNEL-positive cells and PARP cleavage. Moreover, in a model of T cell-mediated (concanavalin A-induced) hepatitis, Fas|[Auml]|DD antagonist prevents hepatocytes damages and transaminases release. Finally, we showed that gene transfer by a recombinant adenovirus of a Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 lacking the death domain (TNFR1|[Delta]|DD) efficiently protects mice from sepsis shock.

Such receptors lacking a death domain exert a dominant negative effect, avoiding a systemic inhibition of apoptosis. These inhibitors of apoptosis may be of therapeutical interest in different pathologies and they are currently being evaluated for their ability to protect cells transduced by adenovectors from destruction by the immune system.
Current Use and Developments Needed for Optimal Design in Pharmacometrics: A Study Performed Among DDMoRe's European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations Members (2013)

Methods and software tools for optimal design in nonlinear mixed effect models, based on the Fisher information matrix, have been developed for a decade. 1,2 Academic groups regularly proposed new versions. 3–5 Present tools do not incorporate adaptive designs for these models although prior information is needed and adaptive designs are increasingly used in drug development. 6 We conducted a study among drug companies of the Drug and Disease Model Resources consortium 7 to identify current practices and expectations. CPT: Pharmacometrics &amp; Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e46; doi: 10.1038/psp.2013.19 ; advance online publication 5 June 2013
Semantics for an interdisciplinary computation (WIP) (2013)

Semantics for an interdisciplinary computation is becoming increasingly difficult to capture while dealing with multi-domain problems. Expertise from Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and other disciplines merges as engineering challenges in modern systems, such as, Cyber-Physical Systems, Smart Cities, and Bionic Systems must be tackled in a methodological manner.In this paper, a paradigm for formalization of such a computational semantics is proposed. It is based on the experience of a Computer Scientist, Mathematician, and an Engineer when their efforts converge to design a complex system. The design is embedded in the Model-Based Design process and a simulation aids to build the actual system implementation. To let the experts achieve the same understanding level, a declarative layer for simulation semantics is defined. This introduces abstraction and helps understand the behavior of the interacting elements in a system design using mathematical principles that are easier to embrace for more diverse scientific communities.
Transform domain semi-super resolution (2011)

This paper presents a transform-based approach to semi-super resolution. The idea of semi-super resolution is to enhance low-resolution frames from a video sequence encoded with different resolutions among frames. The proposed framework uses a DCT-based down-sampling method at the encoder process. At the decoder, DCT-based up-sampling plus high-frequency information from adjacent frames in full resolution are used to enhance interpolated low-resolution frames. The results show an increase of the overall quality without using any extra information from the encoder. The proposed technique can also outperfom previous semi-super resolution methods operating in pixel domain.
Dynamic Prediction of Preharvest Strawberry Quality Traits as a Function of Environmental Factors (2022)

Fruit quality is of increasing importance for consumers but is a complex trait for growers, as it is affected by environment, genotype, and crop management interactions. Decision support tools, such as computer models that simulate crop growth and development can help optimize production but require further improvement to simulate quality aspects. The goal of this study was to apply the newly developed CROPGRO-Strawberry model in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model framework and develop a module for the dynamic prediction of quality traits for strawberry. Experimental data from Florida with quality measurements from multiple harvests were correlated with indices based on preharvest weather conditions (temperature, radiation, rainfall) and simulated model parameters (evapotranspiration) during fruit development. Two quality relationships based on linear equations were identified and integrated into the model to simulate strawberry fruit soluble solids content ( r 2 = 0.89, d = 0.97) and titratable acidity ( r 2 = 0.55, d = 0.85) based on preharvest temperature. A strategic analysis with historical weather data for a subtropical growing region over a 10-year period showed the importance of seasonal climate variability for simulated strawberry yield and fruit quality across different harvest months. The improved CROPGRO-Strawberry model is the first process-based crop model to predict selected quality traits across multiple harvests throughout the season and can be extended to other crop models for which quality traits are important.
Diphenylhydantoin Induced Gingival Hyperplasia in Ferrets: A Precautionary Note (1979)

President Roosevelt is pleased to see that Bellow Falls is representative of both the city and the country. Roosevelt then summarizes what government is, the honorableness of work, and the qualities of good citizenship.
Tumor-Specific Binding of Radiolabeled PEGylated GIRLRG Peptide: A Novel Agent for Targeting Cancers (2016)

GIRLRG peptide specifically binds to the ATPase domain of GRP78. Radiolabeled PEG-GIRLRG could be used to target various cancers. Further studies would be required to translate PEG-GIRLRG peptide into the clinic.
The Role of Structure on Mechanical Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics (2001)

The mechanical properties, namely, tensile modulus, maximum stress in tension and elongation at maximum stress of thermally point-bonded nonwoven fabrics with different bonding temperature have been evaluated. Image acquisition and analysis techniques have been used to quantify structural parameters such as fiber orientation distribution function, bond-region strain, and unit cell strain during controlled-deformation experiments and to identify failure mechanisms. We have shown that an in situ experimental visualization and measurement of the structural changes occurring during controlled-deformation experiments can help establish links between mechanical properties and the structure properties of nonwoven fabrics.