gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Stripe-Domain-Wall Magnetization in Multilayers Featuring Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy (2021)

We report on the controlled switching of domain-wall (DW) magnetization in aligned stripe-domain structures, stabilized in [$\mathrm{Co}$(0.44 nm)/$\mathrm{Pt}$(0.7 nm)]${}_{X}$($X=48$, 100, 150) multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The switching process, induced by an external magnetic field, is monitored by measuring the evolution of the in-plane magnetization. We show that the remanent in-plane magnetization originates from the polarization of the Bloch-type DWs. With micromagnetic simulations, we reveal that the reversal of the DW polarization is the result of the emergence and collapse of horizontal Bloch lines within the DWs at particular strengths of the external magnetic field, applied opposite to the DW polarization. Our findings are relevant for DW-based magnonics and bubble-skyrmion applications in magnetic multilayers.
Direct Thermal Patterning of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles (2003)

A general methodology for direct thermal patterning of self-assembled nanoparticle films is presented. Specifically, using laser heating we have fabricated ferromagnetic FePt nanoparticle array patterns with 0.8 μm pitch and an edge resolution of ∼100 nm. The nanoparticle arrays have been investigated by scanning SQUID microscopy and MFM. Finally, we have measured the patterning rate as a function of temperature by monitoring the change in optical reflectance.
Limited accessibility of chromatin satellite DNA to RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. (1977)

An attempt was made to elucidate some of the factors influencing the fidelity with which isolated chromatin from mouse L-cells is transcribed by RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli by analyzing the in vitro transcript for the presence of satellite sequences. These sequences are absent from cellular RNA and therefore reflect aberrant transcription. The results indicate that satellite sequences are underrepresented in chromatin transcripts relative to those of DNA. This selectivity is insensitive to many variables in procedures for the isolation and transcription of chromatin. However, lowering the ratio of enzyme to template further reduced the proportion of satellite sequences in the transcript. We conclude that a primary factor influencing the extent of aberrant transcription is the level of enzyme used. Under limiting enzyme conditions, an efficient selection against satellite sequences is observed. However, under conditions of enzyme excess, the enzyme initiates chains at weaker secondary promoters localized in regions of the chromatin containing satellite DNA.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Induction of Telomere Dysfunction Mediated by the Telomerase Substrate Precursor 6-Thio-2′-Deoxyguanosine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Liver, renal spleen and colon effect.&lt;/p&gt;
Performance analysis of optimum combining for dual-antenna diversity with multiple interferers in a Rayleigh fading channel (2002)

We study the performance analysis of optimum combiner for M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) with multiple interferers in a flat Rayleigh fading channel. The first-order approximation is considered for the dual-antenna diversity reception. We derive the analytical solutions for the ordered mean eigenvalues of interference-plus-noise covariance matrix and a simple closed-form expression for the average symbol error rate of MPSK in the case of multiple cochannel interferers.
Common-Mode Noise Cancellation by an Antiphase Winding in Multilayer Isolated Planar Transformer (2013)

Common-mode (CM) noise is always present in switch-mode power supplies. All International Electrical Commission class I appliances must have their chassis directly connected to the earth ground, which provides a low impedance path for CM noise to transfer from primary to secondary via the isolated transformer. A proposed planar transformer construction is analyzed and a comparison of CM noise cancellation performance with wire-wound transformers is presented. Planar transformers are found to have better noise cancellation throughout the conducted electromagnetic interference range, thanks to a better winding plane matching to the primary CM noise source winding plane. A planar transformer with two primary winding planes is investigated and a construction with antiphase winding is proposed for best CM noise attenuation.
PREPARATION OF COMPOSITE THREADS AND HOLLOW CERAMIC FIBERS BASED ON CARBON FIBRE AND ALUMINUM OXIDE (2021)

В настоящей работе изготовлены и исследованы композиционные нити состава «углерод-керамика». В качестве углеродной основы использованы волокна марки УКН-12к, полученные из полиакрилонитрила. Керамическое покрытие синтезировано из оксида алюминия. Изготовление композиционных нитей проводили в ходе повторяемого многостадийного процесса, включавшего приготовление водного золя гидроксида алюминия, его нанесение на углеродную основу и прокалку получаемых нитей в проточном реакторе в инертной атмосфере (Ar) при температуре 1000 °C. Методом рентгенофазового анализа было подтверждено, что получающееся из оксида алюминия керамическое покрытие состоит исключительно из его α-фазы. Следует отметить, что наличие оксида алюминия на поверхности углеродного волокна обеспечивает защиту углеродной основы и повышает смачиваемость, что значительно расширяет возможности как применения, так и модификации последнего. Согласно термогравиметрическим исследованиям, было установлено, что такое покрытие повышает термоустойчивость волокна на воздухе, а именно сдвигает температуру начала активного окисления на 120-150 °C вплоть до 550 °C. Также было обнаружено, что при более высоких температурах 800-1000 °C обеспечивается полное выгорание углеродной сердцевины, в результате чего формируются полые керамические волокна. Согласно данным растровой электронной микроскопии выявлено, что внутренний диаметр получаемых волокон соответствует диаметру использованного углеродного волокна и составляет в приведенных в работе примерах 5-7 мкм. Обнаружено, что морфология керамических волокон повторяет внешнюю структуру углеродного прекурсора, что можно использовать для изготовления как жгутов, так и войлока из полых керамических волокон, пригодных для изготовления мембран, высокотемпературных фильтров и композиционных материалов.
Supplemental Figure 1 from The Novel Glutamine Antagonist Prodrug JHU395 Has Antitumor Activity in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1: JHU395 and DON treatment of sNF02.2 MPNST cells, evaluation of PARP cleavage following JHU395 treatment in sNF96.2 cells, and effects of DON and JHU395 on oxygen consumption rates in sNF96.2 MPNST cells.&lt;/p&gt;
A flexible kinetic assay efficiently sorts prospective biocatalysts for PET plastic subunit hydrolysis (2022)

Esterase enzymes catalyze diverse hydrolysis reactions with important biological, commercial, and biotechnological applications. For the improvement of these biocatalysts, there is a need for widely accessible, inexpensive, and adaptable activity screening assays that identify enzymes with particular substrate specificities. Natural systems for biopolymer bioconversion, and likely those designed to mimic them, depend on cocktails of enzymes, each of which specifically targets the intact material as well as water-soluble subunits of varying size. In this work, we have adapted a UV/visible assay using pH-sensitive sulfonphthalein dyes for the real-time quantification of ester hydrolysis of bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET), a subunit of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. We applied this method to a diverse set of known PET hydrolases and commercial esterases in a microplate format. The approach identified four PET hydrolases and one commercial esterase with high levels of specificity for BHET hydrolysis. Five additional PET hydrolases and three commercial esterases, including a thermophilic enzyme, effectively hydrolyzed both BHET and its monoester product MHET (mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate). Specific activities were discernible within one hour and reactions reached an unequivocal endpoint well within 24 hours. The results from the UV/visible method correlated well with conventional HPLC analysis of the reaction products. We examined the suitability of the method toward variable pH, temperature, enzyme preparation method, mono- and multi-ester substrate type, and level of sensitivity <i>versus</i> stringency, finding the assay to be easily adaptable to diverse screening conditions and kinetic measurements. This method offers an accurate, easily accessible, and cost-effective route towards high-throughput library screening to support the discovery, directed evolution, and protein engineering of these critical biocatalysts.
Host-guest complexation. 2. Structural units that control association constants between polyethers and tert-butylammonium salts (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-guest complexation. 2. Structural units that control association constants between polyethers and tert-butylammonium saltsJoseph M. Timko, Stephen S. Moore, David M. Walba, Philippe C. Hiberty, and Donald J. CramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 13, 4207–4219Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00455a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00455a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views869Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Do people use social information to improve predictions about everyday events? (2022)

Following Griffiths and Tenenbaum (2006), we explore whether people use relevant social information to improve their already nearly optimal predictions about quantities in everyday events. We tested this question in two experiments involving quantities in three domains: cake baking times, movie runtimes, and podcast lengths. In Experiment 1, we found that participants were sensitive to the difference between relevant and irrelevant social information. In Experiment 2, we found that people consistently used relevant social information to adjust their predictions in the expected directions. We introduce an optimal social prediction model but find that it does not consistently perform better at accounting for our participants' social predictions than an optimal non-social prediction model. We conclude by discussing whether people use social information for prediction in an optimal way.
Public and Non-Public Network Integration for 5Growth Industry 4.0 Use Cases (2021)

5G is playing a paramount role in the digital transformation of the industrial sector, offering high-bandwidth, reliable, and low-latency wireless connectivity to meet the stringent and critical performance requirements of manufacturing processes. This work analyzes the applicability of 5G technologies as key enablers to support, enhance, and even enable novel advances in Industry 4.0. It proposes a complete 5G solution for two real-world Industry 4.0 use cases related to metrology and quality control. This solution uses 5Growth to ease and automate the management of vertical services over a soft-ware-defined network and network function virtualization based 5G mobile transport and computing infrastructure, and to aid the integration of the verticals' private 5G network with the public network. Finally, a validation campaign assesses the applicability of the proposed solution to support the performance requirements (especially latency and user data rate) of the selected use cases, and evaluates its efficiency regarding vertical service setup time across different domains in less than three minutes.
SoKNOS - Informationsdienste für das Katastrophenmanagement SoKNOS - Information Services Supporting Disaster Management (2010)

In this paper, we provide an overview of the research project SoKNOS (Service-Oriented ArchiteCtures Supporting Networks of Public Security) which was funded by the German Federal Ministery of Education and Research (BMBF). The SoKNOS project developed concepts for IT systems supporting both public and private organizations in effectively and safely managing disasters and large incidents. This includes, among other things, the development of new methods for the flexible integration of heterogeneous information sources and legacy systems, the situation- and user-oriented presentation and analysis of the integrated information, the efficient exchange of information, and the efficient and secure cooperation between different organizations. SoKNOS particularly addressed the research areas IT security, service-oriented architectures (SOA), workplace of the future and modern user interface, integration of geographic information systems (GIS), and semantic technologies. In this paper, we will present exemplary results that, by providing an encapsulation of system functions into services, increase the modularity and flexibility of future disaster management solutions.
Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay (2010)

We describe a method for observing real time replication of individual DNA molecules mediated by proteins of the bacteriophage replication system. Linearized λ DNA is modified to have a biotin on the end of one strand, and a digoxigenin moiety on the other end of the same strand. The biotinylated end is attached to a functionalized glass coverslip and the digoxigeninated end to a small bead. The assembly of these DNA-bead tethers on the surface of a flow cell allows a laminar flow to be applied to exert a drag force on the bead. As a result, the DNA is stretched close to and parallel to the surface of the coverslip at a force that is determined by the flow rate (Figure 1). The length of the DNA is measured by monitoring the position of the bead. Length differences between single- and double-stranded DNA are utilized to obtain real-time information on the activity of the replication proteins at the fork. Measuring the position of the bead allows precise determination of the rates and processivities of DNA unwinding and polymerization (Figure 2).
Modulating Two-Photon Polymerisation Fabrication Parameters towards the Production of Gradient Index Optics (2019)

Metamaterial fabrication by two-photon polymerisation is suggested. Altering fabrication parameters (laser power and scan speed) controls the resulting line widths. Understanding possible line widths is key to understanding how the geometry can be changed across a metamaterial device leading to gradient index (GRIN) optics.
Audiovisual Speech Synthesis using Tacotron2 (2020)

Audiovisual speech synthesis is the problem of synthesizing a talking face while maximizing the coherency of the acoustic and visual speech. In this paper, we propose and compare two audiovisual speech synthesis systems for 3D face models. The first system is the AVTacotron2, which is an end-to-end text-to-audiovisual speech synthesizer based on the Tacotron2 architecture. AVTacotron2 converts a sequence of phonemes representing the sentence to synthesize into a sequence of acoustic features and the corresponding controllers of a face model. The output acoustic features are used to condition a WaveRNN to reconstruct the speech waveform, and the output facial controllers are used to generate the corresponding video of the talking face. The second audiovisual speech synthesis system is modular, where acoustic speech is synthesized from text using the traditional Tacotron2. The reconstructed acoustic speech signal is then used to drive the facial controls of the face model using an independently trained audio-to-facial-animation neural network. We further condition both the end-to-end and modular approaches on emotion embeddings that encode the required prosody to generate emotional audiovisual speech. We analyze the performance of the two systems and compare them to the ground truth videos using subjective evaluation tests. The end-to-end and modular systems are able to synthesize close to human-like audiovisual speech with mean opinion scores (MOS) of 4.1 and 3.9, respectively, compared to a MOS of 4.1 for the ground truth generated from professionally recorded videos. While the end-to-end system gives a better overall quality, the modular approach is more flexible and the quality of acoustic speech and visual speech synthesis is almost independent of each other.
Enhancement of experimental lung metastases by cultured B16 melanoma cells treated with (+/-)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-y)propane (ICRF-159). (1978)

This paper analyzes a single-server tandem queue with generally distributed service times, finite buffers and blocking. We will construct an iterative method to approximate the queue length distribution of each buffer, by refining the ideas of Van Vuuren and Adan (2009), where the tandem queue is decomposed into single-buffer subsystems. In each subsystem we incorporate possible starvation (of the upstream buffer) in the service time of the first server and possible blocking (of the downstream buffer) in the service time\nof the second server. The re??nement is the two-dimensional Markov description of the service time of the second server, where one dimension keeps track of the elapsed service time and the other one keeps track of the elapsed blocking time (if any). The starvation and blocking times are determined iteratively. Numerical results show an improvement of the performance estimates (such as throughput and mean sojourn times) compared to the method of Van Vuuren and Adan (2009), where significant improvements are observed in\nthe zero-buffer cases.
PRECISION-CONTROLLED THYRISTOR POWER SUPPLIES. (1968)

A potential of about -0.8 (+/-0.2) V (at 1 M versus normal hydrogen electrode) for the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to its one-electron reduced species, nitroxyl anion (3NO-) has been determined by a combination of quantum mechanical calculations, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and chemical reduction experiments. This value is in accord with some, but not the most commonly accepted, previous electrochemical measurements involving NO. Reduction of NO to 1NO- is highly unfavorable, with a predicted reduction potential of about -1.7 (+/-0.2) V at 1 M versus normal hydrogen electrode. These results represent a substantial revision of the derived and widely cited values of +0.39 V and -0.35 V for the NO/3NO- and NO/1NO- couples, respectively, and provide support for previous measurements obtained by electrochemical and photoelectrochemical means. With such highly negative reduction potentials, NO is inert to reduction compared with physiological events that reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide. From these reduction potentials, the pKa of 3NO- has been reevaluated as 11.6 (+/-3.4). Thus, nitroxyl exists almost exclusively in its protonated form, HNO, under physiological conditions. The singlet state of nitroxyl anion, 1NO-, is physiologically inaccessible. The significance of these potentials to physiological and pathophysiological processes involving NO and O2 under reductive conditions is discussed.
Control of toroidal-like asymmetries in a heliac (1993)

A simple modification to the heliac coil configuration [A. H. Boozer et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1966), Vol. 1, p. 103] is described that reduces the toroidal perturbation to the magnetic field structure and significantly restores the helical symmetry. This is accomplished by shifting the internal current-carrying conductor (hardcore) of the heliac radially inward from its normal position at the geometric center of the external l=1 coils. It is shown by computations that a large-aspect-ratio toroidal heliac is similar to a helically symmetric linear heliac in which the hardcore has been shifted. This similarity is seen in the analytic form of the magnetic potential, the flux surface shape, and in the harmonic spectra of the field lines. It is then shown that the toroidicity perturbations can be reduced in a toroidal heliac by combining these effects—using a radially inward hardcore shift in the toroidal configuration. In the experiments reported here the toroidal-like effects are created in the linear High Beta Q Machine (HBQM) heliac [C. M. Greenfield et al., Phys. Fluids B 2, 133 (1990)] by shifting the hardcore off the geometric center of the l=1 coils. The induced toroidal-like effects are seen from an asymmetry in the axial excluded flux; however, no decrease in global beta is seen as compared to the unshifted symmetric case (G. G. Spanjers, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1992) indicating the absence of large-scale magnetohydrodynamic instabilities at high beta.
Technology Development for Short-period Magnetic Undulators (2014)

for manufacturing and characterizing permanent-magnet-based short-period undulators are presented. Two fabrication methods, differing by the dimension range of their magnetic period, are described: the mini-undulator, with magnetic periods ranging from 1 mm to 200 μm, fabricated by laser micromachining bulk permanent magnets; and the micro-undulator, with magnetic periods from 200 μm to 10 μm, fabricated by electroplating or sputtering a hard magnetic material onto silicon. The undulator gaps vary from 500 μm down to tens of microns, corresponding to the reduction of the magnetic period. Undulator peak magnetic fields can reach up to 0.7 T while maintaining a reasonable undulator gap. Using these short-period undulators, high-photon-energy radiation can be generated at lower electron beam energies compared to current state-of-the-art undulators.
Novel optical encoder for harsh environments (2014)

We are presenting a new optical encoder architecture for shaft encoding, both in incremental and absolute modes. This encoder is based on a diffractive optics technology platform. We have developed various disk based rotary diffractive encoders previously. This encoder is different in the way it is not a disk composed of successive gratings or computer generated holograms, but rather composed of a single element placed on the shaft. It is thus best suited for hollow shaft or end of shaft applications such as in encoder controlled electrical motors. This new architecture aims at solving some of the problems encountered with previous implementations of diffractive encoders such as disk wobble, disk to shaft centering and also encoding in harsh environments.