gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NF‐κB factors control the induction of NFATc1 in B lymphocytes (2014)

In peripheral lymphocytes, the transcription factors (TFs) NF-κB, NFAT, and AP-1 are the prime targets of signals that emerge from immune receptors. Upon activation, these TFs induce gene networks that orchestrate the growth, expansion, and effector function of peripheral lymphocytes. NFAT and NF-κB factors share several properties, such as a similar mode of induction and architecture in their DNA-binding domain, and there is a subgroup of κB-like DNA promoter motifs that are bound by both types of TFs. However, unlike NFAT and AP-1 factors that interact and collaborate in binding to DNA, NFAT, and NF-κB seem neither to interact nor to collaborate. We show here that NF-κB1/p50 and c-Rel, the most prominent NF-κB proteins in BCR-induced splenic B cells, control the induction of NFATc1/αA, a prominent short NFATc1 isoform. In part, this is mediated through two composite κB/NFAT-binding sites in the inducible Nfatc1 P1 promoter that directs the induction of NFATc1/αA by BCR signals. In concert with coreceptor signals that induce NF-κB factors, BCR signaling induces a persistent generation of NFATc1/αA. These data suggest a tight connection between NFATc1 and NF-κB induction in B lymphocytes contributing to the effector function of peripheral B cells.
A Relational Network Framework for Interoperability in Distributed Energy Trading (2020)

Blockchain-based approaches are increasingly being used to provide distributed trust and security in Distributed Energy Trading (DET). However, the state-of-the-art solutions lack scalability, privacy, interoperability, and often have large computational overheads hindering their mainstream adoption for sustainable development. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multi-relationship network framework (RNF) that uses hypergraphs to organise participants in energy trading networks based on high-order relationships (rather than pairwise) for flexibility, interoperability, data privacy, and reduced resource consumption. Results indicate that the proposed framework outperforms the baseline in terms of: enabling value transfer across multiple blockchain-based DET systems; reducing computational costs and achieving energy efficiency for sustainable development.
Strong Nonlinear Coupling due to Induced Photon Interaction on a Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ Chip (2018)

Second-order optical processes lead to a host of applications in classical and quantum optics. With the enhancement of parametric interactions that arise due to light confinement, on-chip implementations promise very-large-scale photonic integration. But as yet there is no route to a device that acts at the single photon level. Here we exploit the $χ^{(3)}$ nonlinear response of a Si$_{3}$N$_{4}$ microring resonator to induce a large effective $χ^{(2)}$. Effective second-order upconversion (ESUP) of a seed to an idler can be achieved with 74,000 %/W efficiency, indicating that single photon nonlinearity is within reach of current technology. Moreover, we show a nonlinear coupling rate of seed and idler larger than the energy dissipation rate in the resonator, indicating a strong coupling regime. Consequently we observe a Rabi-like splitting, for which we provide a detailed theoretical description. This yields new insight into the dynamics of ultrastrong effective nonlinear interactions in microresonators, and access to novel phenomena and applications in classical and quantum nonlinear optics.
Electroreduction of Dioxygen Using Co–Ru Dinuclear Porphyrin Catalyst in Nafion Film (2001)

Abstract The mixing of CoTPPS with RuTMPyP (Figure 1) in water or organic solvents (DMSO, acetonitrile) results in dimerization through an electrostatic interaction. The dimeric porphyrin acts as an excellent catalyst for the 4-electron reduction of dioxygen in Nafion film, in which the multi-electron transfer is accelerated through the π-orbital overlapping.
Screening for high-performance piezoelectrics using high-throughput density functional theory (2011)

We present a large-scale density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the ABO3 chemical space in the perovskite crystal structure, with the aim of identifying those that are relevant for forming piezoelectric materials. Screening criteria on the DFT results are used to select 49 compositions, which can be seen as the fundamental building blocks from which to create alloys with potentially good piezoelectric performance. This screening finds all the alloy end points used in three well-known high-performance piezoelectrics. The energy differences between different structural distortions, deformation, coupling between the displacement of the A and B sites, spontaneous polarization, Born effective charges, and stability is analyzed in each composition. We discuss the features that cause the high piezoelectric performance of the well-known piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and investigate to what extent these features occur in other compositions. We demonstrate how our results can be useful in the design of isovalent alloys with high piezoelectric performance.
Knockout of the α2 but Not α1 5′-AMP-activated Protein Kinase Isoform Abolishes 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranosidebut Not Contraction-induced Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle (2004)

We investigated the importance of the two catalytic alpha-isoforms of the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and contraction-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Incubated soleus and EDL muscle from whole-body alpha2- or alpha1-AMPK knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice were incubated with 2.0 mm AICAR or electrically stimulated to contraction. Both AICAR and contraction increased 2DG uptake in WT muscles. KO of alpha2, but not alpha1, abolished AICAR-induced glucose uptake, whereas neither KO affected contraction-induced glucose uptake. AICAR and contraction increased alpha2- and alpha1-AMPK activity in wild type (WT) muscles. During AICAR stimulation, the remaining AMPK activity in KO muscles increased to the same level as in WT. During contraction, the remaining AMPK activity in alpha2-KO muscles was elevated by 100% probably explained by a 2-3-fold increase in alpha1-protein. In alpha1-KO muscles, alpha2-AMPK activity increased to similar levels as in WT. Both interventions increased total AMPK activity, as expressed by AMPK-P and ACCbeta-P, in WT muscles. During AICAR stimulation, this was dramatically reduced in alpha2-KO but not in alpha1-KO, whereas during contraction, both measurements were essentially similar to WT in both KO-muscles. The results show that alpha2-AMPK is the main donor of basal and AICAR-stimulated AMPK activity and is responsible for AICAR-induced glucose uptake. In contrast, during contraction, the two alpha-isoforms seem to substitute for each other in terms of activity, which may explain the normal glucose uptake despite the lack of either alpha2- or alpha1-AMPK. Alternatively, neither alpha-isoform of AMPK is involved in contraction-induced muscle glucose uptake.
Active Edge (2019)

Active Edge is a feature of Google Pixel 2 smartphone devices that creates a force-sensitive interaction surface along their sides, allowing users to perform gestures by holding and squeezing their device. Supported by strain gauge elements adhered to the inner sidewalls of the device chassis, these gestures can be more natural and ergonomic than on-screen (touch) counterparts. Developing these interactions is an integration of several components: (1) an insight and understanding of the user experiences that benefit from squeeze gestures; (2) hardware with the sensitivity and reliability to sense a user's squeeze in any operating environment; (3) a gesture design that discriminates intentional squeezes from innocuous handling; and (4) an interaction design to promote a discoverable and satisfying user experience. This paper describes the design and evaluation of Active Edge in these areas as part of the product's development and engineering.
Tendon constrained inflatable architecture: rigid axial load bearing design case (2021)

Abstract Inflatables can provide advanced functionality such as structural support, controlled compliance, posability, self-actuation, etc when they are architecturally constrained. Unfortunately, some of the key benefits of inflatables, including their low architectural complexity and high deploy-and-stow capability, are typically adversely affected as functionalities become more sophisticated. A new architectural approach, a tendon constrained inflatable (TCI), is introduced to decouple functionality from deploy-and-stow capability. A TCI is a structure composed of a soft inflatable bladder with rigid end caps connected by inextensible internal constraint tendons. When a TCI is inflated, the tendons under pure tension impose constraints on the inflatable by pre-tensioning the TCI to be able to resist external loads, but when not pressurized, the soft bladder and flexible tendons collapse and provide a compact stow. This paper develops the fundamental case of TCI functionality, rigid axial load bearing, by providing predictive models, validation experiments, design space plots, and a design case study. A model predicting the rigid load-bearing capacity as a function of pressure for varying TCI architectural design parameters is derived through (a) an unconstrained inflation model, based on an axisymmetric nonlinear membrane deformation model and a hyperelastic material model, and (b) a constraint model that bounds specific inflation directions depending on the applied constraint. This axial rigid load-bearing TCI performance model is validated through experiments measuring TCI deformation due to pressure and external load. This model serves as the basis to develop versatile design space plots that provide various views of the design parameter dependencies. These plots are demonstrated in the context of a deployable modular support design case study. The insights gained enable the design of TCIs with rigid load-bearing functionality in a deployable and stowable package as well as setting the foundation to develop more sophisticated architecture with decoupled functionality and deploy-and-stow capability.
Space-time division multiple access (STDMA) and coordinated, power-aware MACA for mobile ad hoc networks (2002)

Space-time division multiple access (patent pending) is the first position-based TDMA scheduling protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks, and is the generalization of the cellular TDMA with spatial re-use bandwidth allocation paradigm that is encountered in cellular TDMA networks. In STDMA, space is divided into virtual geographic cells (space slots) that are grouped into periodically repeating virtual frames (space frames) in order to facilitate spatial re-use, and time slots are assigned to space slots. Each node is equipped with a means of determining its instantaneous location (ie, GPS), and therefore always knows the identification of the space slot that contains it, and consequently the time slot that is assigned to it. In this paper, we show that STDMA is a topology-transparent scheduling protocol that guarantees a unique transmitter within a 2-hop neighborhood, and that the maximum number of time slots between successive transmissions by a given node (produced by STDMA) is linearly bounded by the maximum network degree, therefore exponentially outperforming currently proposed topology-transparent TDMA scheduling protocols. We then apply STDMA as the channel access scheme for the control channel of Coordinated MACA, a conflict-free TDMA link-activation protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel, Stereocontrolled Approach to Ring B Alkylated Estratetraenes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Non-Destructive Real-Time Failure Prediction using Electrical Resistance (2008)

The electrical resistance of a Nicalon reinforced lithium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic was used as an indicator of fiber and test bar failure during flexural testing. The slope of the electrical resistance curve is related to the crack propagation rate. Discontinuities in the resistance curve correspond to areas in the stress-strain curve where large load drops are observed, and continuous changes in the slope of the resistance curve may indicate the ultimate strength of the composite.
Reduced glycemic response to beet-fibre meal in non-insulin-dependent diabetics and its relation to plasma levels of pancreatic and gastrointestinal hormones. (1986)

Standardized breakfasts with or without beet-fibre were given, in random order, to non-insulin-dependent diabetics. The blood glucose levels were monitored continuously and hormonal responses were determined at regular intervals for 3 hr. After the beet-fibre breakfast including 10.8 g dietary fibre from the sugar beet, the glucose plateau level and the area below the curve were lower than after the control meal. The rate of glucose decrease was also slower after the beet-fibre meal. There were no notable differences with regard to the plasma levels of insulin, C-peptide or glucagon. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide response was greater during the first part of the curve, while the somatostatin response after the beet-fibre meal displayed a significantly larger total area below the curve. The results suggest that the diminished glycemic response after the beet-fibre meal is associated with an increased response of somatostatin, giving a reduced glucose absorption and a delayed gastrointestinal transit time.
Die Postwertzeichen von Aethiopien (1911)

schwarz--3 50 I. Aufdr. kpfst.
Lasers: Ceramic Materials (2015)

Since the first demonstration of lasing with ceramic media in 1964, the quality of ceramics has improved to the point that transparent ceramics favorably compete with single crystals and glasses as laser hosts. These materials give the laser designer a new medium. A broad palette of ceramic materials is available. Ceramic technology also offers advantages in scale, ease of fabrication, flexibility of design, and other physical properties. These and other advantages of these materials over traditional solid-state materials are discussed in this entry. Transparent ceramics are especially well suited for very high power lasers where strength, thermal conductivity, and the absence of index inhomogeneity or residual stress birefringence is important. The first neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet ceramic lasers broke the 1 kW mark in 2002 and more than 100 kW output power was demonstrated in 2009. Additional developments have included highly doped microchip ceramic lasers, ultrashort pulse lasers, novel materials such as sesquioxides, fluoride ceramic lasers, selenide ceramic lasers in the 2–3 μm region, composite ceramic lasers for better thermal management, single-crystal lasers derived from polycrystalline ceramics, and more recently, ceramics fabricated with magnetic field assistance. This entry highlights some of these notable achievements.
Preparation and Nanoscale Mechanical Properties of Self-Assembled Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Pentathiophene on Mica (2004)

The oligothiophene derivative 4-(5' " '-decyl-[2,2';5',2' ';5' ',2' ";5' ",2' " '] pentathiophen-5-yl)-butyric acid (D5TBA) was synthesized by Stille cross-coupling methods using functionalized thiophene monomers. The structural and mechanical properties of D5TBA self-assembled monolayers on mica have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The self-assembled films were prepared by immersing the mica in dilute chloroform or tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions. The films were predominantly of monolayer thickness with molecules packed in nearly upright orientations. In regions covered with multilayers, the molecules in each monolayer were oriented opposite to those in the neighboring ones, that is, with COOH-COOH and CH3-CH3 contact. The nature of the end group in contact with the substrate depended on the solvent used and the degree of hydration of the substrate, with hydrophobic chloroform solvent favoring the methyl end down and hydrophilic THF favoring the acid group end down. The orientation could also be controlled by dipping using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique.
Antigen presentation to specific T cells by la molecules selectively altered by site-directed mutagenesis (1989)

A functional analysis of mutant class II molecules was conducted to identify regions important for antigen-specific T cell activation. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct a panel of mutant A beta k genes containing either single or multiple d allele substitutions in the beta 1 domain. The product of each of these genes was expressed with either the A alpha d or A alpha k polypeptide in the Ia-negative B cell lymphoma M12.C3. These mutant class II molecule-bearing cells were tested for their ability to present antigen to a panel of Ak-restricted T cell clones specific for various epitopes of myoglobin. Results from this analysis demonstrate that T helper clones recognized complex determinants interacting with multiple residues on the beta 1 domain and also requiring the haplotype-matched alpha 1 domain. This is in contrast to monoclonal antibodies that recognize a domain-specific, immunodominant region involving residues 40, 63, and 65-67. Every T helper clone was found to interact with a distinct pattern of residues, even among clones recognizing the same combination of peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. The 3 for 1 residue substitution between k and d alleles at residues 65-67 was one of the most important, because it resulted in loss of ability to present antigen to 7 of 7 I-Ak-restricted T cell clones. These residues have been shown previously to comprise the immunodominant allo-specific serological determinants and to stimulate some alloreactive T cell clones. Substitution at residues 12 and 13 also abrogated antigen presentation to all the T cell clones, but this may be a consequence of a conformational change due to altered alpha beta chain pairing. Substitution at position 9, which is predicted to be located in the floor of the peptide-binding groove where it should not interact directly with the T cell receptor, enhanced presentation of the antigenic site 102-118 to some T cells and diminished it to others. This finding suggests a most interesting conclusion that the same antigenic site may bind in different conformations or orientations to the same MHC molecule, although an indirect effect on the conformation of the MHC molecule itself cannot be excluded. Substitutions at residues 85, 86 and 88 also abrogated the response of one T cell clone but not others specific for the same peptide with the same Ia molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Detrimental effect of excess lecithin on the stability of fluorocarbon/lecithin emulsions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetrimental effect of excess lecithin on the stability of fluorocarbon/lecithin emulsionsMarie Pierre Krafft, Jean Paul Rolland, and Jean G. RiessCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 14, 5673–5676Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100167a054https://doi.org/10.1021/j100167a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Extremophile enzymes for food additives and fertilizers (2021)

The use of extremophile enzymes for industrial purposes has become very significant since the beginning of this century and it is envisaged an ample use of enzymes for environmental applications (fertilisers, food and feed additives, biodegradation, pharma) as well as in the biosynthesis of compounds through design of novel biosynthetic pathways.
METAL ION ASSAY IN 48 PATIENTS BEARING A CHROMIUM-COBALT TOTAL HIP PROSTHESIS WITH A POLYETHYLENE CUP (2004)

Purpose: Wear of prosthetic implants, especially the metal-polyethylene head-cup couple, and dissemination of wear particles throughout the organisms the dominant long-term complication of total hip arthroplasty. We determined serum concentrations of chromium, cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum in patients bearing a total hip prosthesis with a chromium-cobalt metal-poly-ethylene head-cup couple. The purpose of our work was first to compare the levels observed with those found in a control population and then to study variations in these levels as a function of clinical and radiological signs commonly searched for during the follow-up of patients with a total hip arthroplasty. Material and methods: During a period of 30 months, a total hip arthroplasty (PVL®) was implanted in 53 patients suffering from degenerative hip disease. Forty-eight patients were assessed at a minimum follow-up of 32 months with physical examination and standard x-rays as well as serum assay of the specified metals using mass spectrometry on whole blood samples. The control group was composed of 56 patients scheduled for total hip arthroplasty. Results: At a mean follow-up of 44 months, 17% of the patients had a fair or poor functional score and 37% had radiological signs suggestive of femoral stem loosening. There was a significant increase in the serum level of cobalt compared with the control group. This increase was greater in patients with radiological signs of loosening. Discussion: The metal-on-metal couple does not appear to be the only couple which increases serum metal levels. Serum metal assay could be a diagnostic tool useful for following patients with total hip prostheses.
Purification of Torpedo californica post-synaptic membranes and fractionation of their constituent proteins (1980)

A rapid methof for preparation of membrane fractions highly enriched in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica electroplax is described. The major step in this purification involves sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation in a reorienting rotor. Further purification of these membranes can be achieved by selective extraction of proteins by use of alkaline pH or by treatment with solutions of lithium di-idosalicylate. The alkali-treated membranes retain functional characteristics of the untreated membranes and in addition contain essentially only the four polypeptides (mol.wts. 40000, 50000, 60000 and 65000) characteristic of the receptor purified by affinity chromatography. Dissolution of the purified membranes or of the alkali-treated purified membranes in sodium cholate solution followed by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation in the same detergent solution yields solubilized receptor preparations comparable with the most highly purified protein obtained by affinity-chromatographic procedures.