gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Qualitative and Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Copper for Sintering Process Optimization in Additive Manufacturing Applications (2021)

Abstract This work will present possibilities for the characterization of copper powder green bodies and sintered copper microstructures during pressureless sintering. The introduction of new parameters to microstructural characterization based on qualitative and quantitative microstructural analysis will facilitate the systematic optimization of the sintering process. As a result of the specific evaluation of the microstructure evolution, conventional isothermal sintering could be successfully replaced by multi-step temperature profiles, thus achieving sintering densities of more than 99 % by simultaneously reducing process time. This systematic optimization of the sintering process of Cu through specific microstructural analysis may now be applied to sinter-based manufacturing technologies such as Binder Jetting and Metal Powder Injection Moulding, enabling the manufacture of complex and highly conductive Cu parts for applications in electronics.
Frank Albert Cotton (1930-2007) (2007)

F. A. Cotton was an inorganic chemist who performed groundbreaking work on transition-metal complexes.
Adaptive Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient Methods for Saddle-Point Problems (2013)

The Primal-Dual hybrid gradient (PDHG) method is a powerful optimization scheme that breaks complex problems into simple sub-steps. Unfortunately, PDHG methods require the user to choose stepsize parameters, and the speed of convergence is highly sensitive to this choice. We introduce new adaptive PDHG schemes that automatically tune the stepsize parameters for fast convergence without user inputs. We prove rigorous convergence results for our methods, and identify the conditions required for convergence. We also develop practical implementations of adaptive schemes that formally satisfy the convergence requirements. Numerical experiments show that adaptive PDHG methods have advantages over non-adaptive implementations in terms of both efficiency and simplicity for the user.
A Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer Source (1971)

The design and construction of an ion source designed for the MS-9 mass spectrometer are described. The source is designed to operate at ion chamber pressures up to 2 Torr while the pressure in the remainder of the source housing does not exceed 2×10−4 Torr. It is possible with this source to study ion-molecule reactions, i.e., chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Alternatively, if operated at lower ion chamber pressures, the source provides normal electron impact mass spectra and is thus a dual-purpose source. Modifications necessary to the MS-9 are described, as are performance characteristics of the new source.
Molekulare Erkennung in Bestform (1994)

Abstract Ob “flatland chemistry” oder “molecular chaperones” ‐ Methoden zur selektiven Erkennung molekularer Strukturen sind für den Synthetiker im Labor ebenso wichtig wie für enzymatische Vorgänge in lebenden Zellen. Wie weit der Begriff “molecular recognition” gefaßt werden kann, zeigten die Vortragenden der diesjährigen Bürgenstock‐Konferenz mit ihren Beiträgen zu aktuellen Themen der biochemischen, bioorganischen, organischen und anorganischen Forschung.
PEGylation of Concanavalin A to decrease nonspecific interactions in a fluorescent glucose sensor (2014)

The ability of people with diabetes to both monitor and regulate blood sugar levels is limited by the conventional “finger-prick” test that provides intermittent, single point measurements. Toward the development of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system, the lectin, Concanavalin A (ConA), has been utilized as a component in a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), competitive glucose binding assay. Recently, to avoid reversibility problems associated with ConA aggregation, a suitable competing ligand labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (APTS) has been engineered. However, its ability to function as part of a glucose sensing assay is compromised due to the negative charge (at physiological pH) of native ConA that gives rise to non-specific binding with other ConA groups as well as with electrostatically charged assay-delivery carriers. To minimize these undesirable interactions, we have conjugated ConA with monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) (i.e. “PEGylation”). In this preliminary research, fluorescently-labeled ConA was successfully PEGylated with mPEG-Nhydroxylsuccinimide( succinimidyl carbonate) (mPEG-NHS(SC)). The FRET response of APTS-labeled competing ligand (donor) conveyed an increase in the fluorescence intensity with increasing glucose concentrations.
Investigation of the stability of paraffin–exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet composites for latent heat thermal storage systems (2012)

Organic materials, such as paraffin wax, are sought as stable and environmentally friendly phase change materials (PCM) for thermal energy storage, but they suffer from low thermal conductivity which limits the rate at which thermal energy flows into and out of the material. A common method to improve the PCM thermal behavior is through loading with high thermal conductivity particulate fillers. However, the stability of these composites in the molten state is a concern as settling of the fillers will change the effective thermal conductivity. In this work, we investigate the stability of wax loaded with exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets either of 1 μm (xGnP-1) or 15 μm (xGnP-15) diameter. The effect of dispersants, oxidation of the wax, viscosity of the wax, mixing time, and hydrocarbon chain length on stability is reported. It was found that the addition of octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) is an effective dispersant for xGnP in paraffin and microcrystalline wax. In addition, mixing time, viscosity, and oxidation of the wax influence stability in the molten state. Overall, it was found that a mixing time of 24 hours for xGnP-15 along with ODPA mixed in a high viscosity, oxidized microcrystalline wax results in composite PCM systems with the greatest stability determined at 80 °C in the molten state.
Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Echinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (2006)

Over 220 crude extracts from repositories generated from plants native to Greece and Kazakhstan were evaluated for termiticidal activity against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Emerging from this screening effort were bioactive extracts from two Greek species (Echinops ritro L. and Echinops spinosissimus Turra subsp. spinosissimus) and extracts from two Kazakhstan species (Echinops albicaulis Kar. & Kir. and Echinops transiliensis Golosh.). Fractionation and isolation of constituents from the most active extracts from each of the four species has been completed, resulting in the isolation of eight thiophenes possessing varying degrees of termiticidal activity. 2,2':5',2"-Terthiophene and 5'-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene demonstrated 100% mortality against C. formosanus within 9 days at 1 and 2 wt% concentrations respectively. In addition, all but two of the eight compounds tested were significantly different from the solvent controls in the filter paper consumption bioassay.
Abstract 5035: Preclinical development of a 89Zr-labeled human antibody as a novel immuno-PET agent for noninvasive cancer detection and monitoring response to treatment (2023)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. There is an unmet need for therapies to improve lung cancer outcomes without causing additional toxicities. Tax-interacting protein 1 (TIP1) is a radiation-inducible antigen that plays a role in lung cancer progression and resistance to therapy. TIP1 is a targetable cell surface protein. We developed human antibodies (Ab) that bind specifically to lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate our lead anti-TIP1 human antibody targeting lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Anti-TIP1 IgG1 Ab was developed by biopanning phage display human antibody library. The purified Ab was characterized by size-exclusion chromatography-HPLC (SEC-HPLC), mass spectrometry, ELISA, BIAcore and flow cytometry. Ab was labeled with 89Zr using desferrioxamine chelator. The surface binding of 89Zr-Ab was evaluated in the A549 and H460 lung cancer cells. Stability of the 89Zr-Ab was assessed in human serum. Mice bearing 3 patient-derived xenografts (PDX) lung tumors or A549 tumors were injected with 50 µCi of 89Zr-Ab. Small animal PET imaging and biodistribution were conducted over 7 days. Specific tumor uptake was evaluated in biodistribution studies on day 5 by injecting cold Ab before 89Zr-Ab. We obtained 95% pure anti-TIP1 Ab by SEC-HPLC. Mass spectrometry confirmed the intact mass and glycosylation pattern of the anti-TIP1 IgG1. The Ab is bound to recombinant TIP1 protein and cancer cell surface with high affinity. The radiochemical purity of the 89Zr-Ab was 99.9%, and the molar activity was 11.54 MBq/nmol with a radiolabeling yield of 91.4%. Both A549 and H460 cell lines demonstrated specific binding as &amp;gt;70% inhibition was observed when the cold Ab was added. The ratio of SUV tumor to SUV muscle increased from 5.8 at 2 days to 6.3 at 7 days in PDX. In biodistribution studies, we found significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0.05) tumor uptake of the anti-TIP1 Ab (9.15±3.13 %ID/gm) vs. isotype control (5.72±1.02 %ID/gm). Cold anti-TIP1 Ab significantly blocked (p&amp;lt;0.0001) binding of the 89Zr-Ab in A549 tumors. The anti-TIP1 Ab targets lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The Ab retained antigen-binding potential following labeling with 89Zr. This Ab can detect TIP1 positive tumors for therapy when conjugated with therapeutic radionuclides. IND enabling studies with the lead anti-TIP1 Ab are underway. Citation Format: Abhay Kumar Singh, Calvin D. Lewis, Cristian AWV Boas, Philipp Diebolder, Prashant N. Jethva, Aaron Rhee, Jong Hee Song, Young Ah Goo, Shunqiang Li, Yongjian Liu, Buck Rogers, Vaishali Kapoor, Dennis E. Hallahan. Preclinical development of a 89Zr-labeled human antibody as a novel immuno-PET agent for noninvasive cancer detection and monitoring response to treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 5035.
Multicontrast MRI registration of carotid arteries in atherosclerotic and normal subjects (2010)

Clinical studies on atherosclerosis agree that multi-contrast MRI is the most promising technique for in-vivo characterization of carotid plaques. Multi-contrast image registration is essential for this application, because it corrects misalignments caused by patient motion during MRI acquisition. To date, it has not been determined which automatic method provides the best registration accuracy in carotid MRI. This study tries to answer this question by presenting an iterative coarse-to-fine algorithm that co-registers multi-contrast images of carotid arteries using three similarity metrics: Correlation Ratio (CR), Mutual Information (MI) and Gradient MI (GMI). The registration algorithm is first applied on the entire images and then only on the Region of Interest (ROI) of the carotid arteries using sub-pixel accuracy. The ROI is defined by an automatic carotid detection algorithm, which was tested on a group of 20 patients with different types of atherosclerotic plaques (sensitivity 91% and specificity 88%). Automatic registration was compared with image alignment obtained by manual operators (clinically qualified vascular specialists). Registration accuracies were measured using a novel MRI validation procedure, in which the gold standard is represented by in-plane rigid transformations applied by the MRI system to mimic neck movements. Overall, automatic methods (GMI = 181 &plusmn; 104 &mu;m) produced lower registration errors than manual operators (365 &plusmn; 102 &mu;m). GMI performed slightly better than CR and MI, suggesting that anatomical information improves registration accuracy in the carotid ROI.
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of 150 cell samples (2008)

A major challenge in molecular biology is interrogating the human transcriptome on a genome wide scale when only a limited amount of biological sample is available for analysis. Current methodologies using microarray technologies for simultaneously monitoring mRNA transcription levels require nanogram amounts of total RNA. To overcome the sample size limitation of current technologies, we have developed a method to probe the global gene expression in biological samples as small as 150 cells, or the equivalent of approximately 300 pg total RNA. The new method employs microfluidic devices for the purification of total RNA from mammalian cells and ultra-sensitive whole transcriptome amplification techniques. We verified that the RNA integrity is preserved through the isolation process, accomplished highly reproducible whole transcriptome analysis, and established high correlation between repeated isolations of 150 cells and the same cell culture sample. We validated the technology by demonstrating that the combined microfluidic and amplification protocol is capable of identifying biological pathways perturbed by stimulation, which are consistent with the information recognized in bulk-isolated samples.
Processing search queries in a distributed environment (2004)

Endeca's approach to processing search queries in a distributed computing environment is predicated on concerns of correctness, scalability, and flexibility in deployment. Using a master-slave architecture, we are able to support classic search as well as more advanced features. We avoid bottlenecking the master with excessive computation or communication by limiting the information from the slaves in the expected case.
Older Adults With Higher Blood Pressure Variability Exhibit Cerebrovascular Reactivity Deficits (2022)

Findings add to prior work linking BP variability and cerebrovascular disease burden and suggest BP variability may also be related to prodromal markers of cerebrovascular dysfunction and disease, with potential therapeutic implications.
Detection of Human c-Myc and EGFR Amplifications in Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Mouse Tumour Models (2014)

Essentially, all cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that end up in biofluids, including blood, and the contents of these EVs can provide a window into the status of the cells from which they are released. This is particularly interesting in cancer, since these EVs allow for ‘ex-vivo’ analysis of the properties of the tumours without the need for biopsy. Gene mutations, rearrangements, amplifications, and epigenetic changes in the transcriptome can be monitored in circulating EVs. In this study, we used two human tumour cell lines derived from an epidermoid carcinoma and a medulloblastoma, which had amplification for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-Myc genes, respectively. Cells were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompromised mice, and levels of gene amplification in both groups of subcutaneous tumours were quantified. We then determined if elevated levels of transcripts for the human EGFR and c-Myc were represented in circulating EVs in tumour-bearing mice. The expression levels of both human EGFR (h-EGFR) and human c-Myc (h-c-Myc) mRNAs in circulating EVs correlated well with their amplified status in the tumours. This data provides further support to the idea that circulating EVs are a potential platform for tumour biomarkers.
Imaging of Stem Cell Recruitment to Ischemic Infarcts in a Murine Model (2004)

NPC recruitment to infarct can be assessed noninvasively by serial in vivo imaging. Images correlate well with histological cell distributions. NPC are recruited to infarcts with both parenchymal and cerebrospinal fluid administration, but higher initial photon counts suggest that cerebrospinal fluid administration is more efficient at early infarct seeding.
A Statistical Model for Optimizing Power Consumption of Printers (2008)

International audience
Publisher's Note: Phase-resolved detection of the spin Hall angle by optical ferromagnetic resonance in perpendicularly magnetized thin films [Phys. Rev. B 95, 064401 (2017)] (2017)

Received 3 February 2017DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.059901©2017 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasSpin Hall effectSpin currentTechniquesFerromagnetic resonanceLandau-Lifshitz modelMagneto-optical Kerr effectOptically detected magnetic resonanceCondensed Matter, Materials & Applied Physics
The Effect of Visual Appearance on the Performance of Continuous Sliders and Visual Analogue Scales (2016)

Sliders and Visual Analogue Scales (VASs) are input mechanisms which allow users to specify a value within a predefined range. At a minimum, sliders and VASs typically consist of a line with the extreme values labeled. Additional decorations such as labels and tick marks can be added to give information about the gradations along the scale and allow for more precise and repeatable selections. There is a rich history of research about the effect of labelling in discrete scales (i.e., Likert scales), however the effect of decorations on continuous scales has not been rigorously explored. In this paper we perform a 2,000 user, 250,000 trial online experiment to study the effects of slider appearance, and find that decorations along the slider considerably bias the distribution of responses received. Using two separate experimental tasks, the trade-offs between bias, accuracy, and speed-of-use are explored and design recommendations for optimal slider implementations are proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Aminoacylase‐Catalyzed Transesterification of Secondary Alcohols. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of a universal volatile compound detection technology for early recognition of pests and diseases in fruit trees (2015)

The original objectives of the 3-year proposed project submitted were: 1. Identify volatile organic compound profile(s) that distinctly correlates with the early infection of the red palm weevil. 2. Demonstrate that the VOC can be detected in situ by the GC/DMS instrument using the air-jet sampling technique.
High-resolution LC/MS for analysis of minor components in complex mixtures: negative ion ESI for identification of impurities and degradation products of a novel oligosaccharide antibiotic (2000)

High-resolution mass spectrometry has been routinely used for structural confirmation and identification; however, it has mostly been applied to relatively pure samples. Exact mass measurement of minor components such as impurities, degradation products or metabolites in complex mixtures has been difficult without prior separation and isolation. Here we report the utilization of on-line liquid chromatography in combination with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the identification of impurities and base degradation products of Sch 27899, a member of the everninomicin class of antibiotics. Nine Sch 27899-related impurities and degradation products were detected by negative ion electrospray ionization using a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. Exact mass measurements were obtained at a resolution of 5000 using polyethylene glycol (PEG) sulfates as internal standards. Corresponding elemental compositions were determined within a 2 ppm error tolerance and structures were proposed for all components.
Difluoroallenyl Bromide as a Wide‐Ranging Difluoromethylene Cation Equivalent: SN2 Substitution of Difluoropropargyl Bromide through Sequential SE2′ and SN2′ Reactions (2005)

A synthetic challenge: a two-step conversion of RCF2Br into RCF2Nu has been achieved (see scheme; Nu=nucleophile). Nucleophilic substitution at a difluoromethylene carbon atom is carried out by using a functionalized difluoroallene as a CF2 cation equivalent. The resulting product contains a triisopropylsilyl (TIPS)–acetylenic linkage suitable for further functionalization. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502807_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Pooled safety summary for patients treated with the CD22-directed cytotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk. (2019)

7014 Background: Moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk was FDA-approved in 2018 for the treatment of adults with relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia (HCL) who have received ≥2 prior therapies, including a purine nucleoside analog. Methods: The pooled integrated safety summary included all adult patients (N=165) treated with ≥1 dose of moxetumomab across 5 open-label, single-arm clinical trials. Two trials included patients with HCL (N=129, with N=80 in the pivotal phase 3 trial) and 3 trials included patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (N=15) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (N=21). Overall, 81% were male, median age was 60 years (range 34–84) and 94% had an ECOG ≤1. Results: The most common adverse events (AEs) with moxetumomab were peripheral edema (41%), hypoalbuminemia (35%), and nausea (35%). Serious AEs occurred in 47 (28.5%) patients and were considered treatment-related in 21 (12.7%) patients. Treatment-related AEs were mainly grade 1/2; the most common were peripheral edema (32%), hypoalbuminemia (32%), increased ALT (29%), increased AST (28%), nausea (26%), headache (24%), pyrexia (23%), fatigue (22%), and myalgia (20%). In total, 19 deaths (11.5% of patients) occurred (including 3 in the pivotal trial), with most (13) due to underlying disease and 6 due to AEs (none were assessed as treatment-related by the investigators, however, 1 fatal AE in a non-HCL patient was re-assessed by the Sponsor as possibly related to moxetumomab). In 16 patients (9.7%), a treatment-related AE led to treatment discontinuation, with hemolytic uremic syndrome HUS; 3.6%) and capillary leak syndrome (CLS; 2.4%) the most common. Treatment-related AEs resulted in dose delay, omission or treatment interruption in 11 patients (6.7%). Conclusions: Moxetumomab had an acceptable safety profile based on pooled data from 165 adult patients with hematologic malignancies, with few treatment-related discontinuations. Proactive monitoring of patients is important to manage AEs. These results are consistent with results from the pivotal phase 3 trial in patients with HCL. Clinical trial information: NCT01829711, NCT00586924, NCT00587457, NCT00587015, NCT01030536.