gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Glucose-Induced Localization of PKC Isoenzymes in Pancreatic β-Cells (2006)

Glucose metabolism affects most major signal pathways in pancreatic beta-cells. Multiple protein kinases, including protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes, are involved in these effects; however, their role is poorly defined. Moreover, the dynamics of kinase isoenzyme activation in reference to the biphasic insulin secretion is unknown. In perfused pancreas of Wistar rats, PKCalpha staining was strongly associated with insulin staining, jointly accumulating in the vicinity of the plasma membrane during early first-phase insulin response. The signal declined before the onset of second phase and reappeared during second-phase insulin release as foci, only weekly associated with insulin staining; this signal persisted for at least 15 min after glucose stimulation. In the GK rat, glucose had minimal effect on beta-cell PKCalpha. In control beta-cells, PKCdelta stained as granulated foci with partial association with insulin staining; however, no glucose-dependent translocation was observed. In the GK rat, only minimal staining for PKCdelta was observed, increasing exclusively during early first-phase secretion. In Wistar beta-cells, PKCepsilon concentrated near the nucleus, strongly associated with insulin staining, with dynamics resembling that of biphasic insulin response, but persisting for 15 min after cessation of stimulation. In GK rats, PKCepsilon staining lacked glucose-dependent changes or association with insulin. PKCzeta exhibited bimodal dynamics in control beta-cells: during early first phase, accumulation near the cell membrane was observed, dispersing thereafter. This was followed by a gradual accumulation near the nucleus; 15 min after glucose stimulus, clear PKCzeta staining was observed within the nucleus. In the GK rat, a similar response was only occasionally observed. In control beta-cells, glucose stimulation led to a transient recruitment of PKCtheta, associated with first-phase insulin release, not seen in GK beta-cell. Data from this and related studies support a role for PKCalpha in glucose-induced insulin granule recruitment for exocytosis; a role for PKCepsilon in activation of insulin granules for exocytosis and/or in the glucose-generated time-dependent potentiation signal for insulin release; and a dual function for PKCzeta in initiating insulin release and in a regulatory role in the transcriptional machinery. Furthermore, diminished levels and/or activation of PKCalpha, PKCepsilon, PKCtheta, and PKCzeta could be part of the defective signals downstream to glucose metabolism responsible for the deranged insulin secretion in the GK rat.
Enhanced attrition bioreactor for enzyme hydrolysis or cellulosic materials (2023)

A process for converting cellulosic materials, such as waste paper, into fuels and chemicals, such as sugars and ethanol, utilizing enzymatic hydrolysis of the major carbohydrate of paper: cellulose. A waste paper slurry is contacted by cellulase in an agitated hydrolyzer. An attritor and a cellobiase reactor are coupled to the agitated hydrolyzer to improve reaction efficiency. Additionally, microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis steps are included to further increase reaction efficiency. The resulting sugars are converted to a dilute product in a fluidized-bed bioreactor utilizing a biocatalyst, such as microorganisms. The dilute product is then concentrated and purified.
Texture replacement in real images (2005)

Texture replacement in real images has many applications, such as interior design, digital movie making and computer graphics. The goal is to replace some specified texture patterns in an image while preserving lighting effects, shadows and occlusions. To achieve convincing replacement results we have to detect texture patterns and estimate the lighting map from a given image. Near regular planar texture patterns are considered in this paper. Given a sample texture patch, a standard tile is computed. Candidate texture regions are determined by mutual information between the standard tile and each image patch. Regions with high mutual information scores are used to estimate the admissible lighting distributions, which is represented by cached statistics. Spatial lighting change constraints are represented by a Markov random field model. Maximum a posteriori estimation of the texture segmentation and lighting map is solved in a stochastic annealing fashion, namely, the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Visually satisfactory result is achieved using this statistical sampling model.
Ensaio sobre a Cegueira, de José Saramago: A Literatura e o Mal1 (2020)

The representation and problematization of evil are ever-present in Saramago’s entire literary work. Blindness (1995) is the novel in which evil, as the central moral category, is freer from theological implications. In this article, I propose a critical reading of this novel, first and foremost, in light of the philosophical concepts of radical evil (Kant) and the banality of evil (Hannah Arendt). Considering Arendt’s misinterpretation, in my opinion, of the concept of evil, I will compare both notions in order to highlight the importance of Kant’s concept. Not only does Blindness benefit greatly from a reading that takes into account these philosophical principles, but our knowledge, as well as a potential review or a better understanding, of them also benefit from trying to identify and comprehend them in Saramago’s fiction. However, the complexity of the theme of evil and the originality of this novel can only be satisfactorily explained by establishing a dialogue among literature, philosophy and natural science. In particular, a combination of ethology (the biology of behaviour) and, more specifically, human ethology with neuroscience play an essential part in understanding Blindness as an essay on evil.
The diagnostic performance of non-contrast T1-mapping in patients with acute myocarditis on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (2012)

Non-contrast T1-mapping using ShMOLLI can serve as a novel CMR diagnostic criterion in patients presenting with suspected acute myocarditis.
The Crystal Structure of the IL-33 Signaling Complex Reveals the Molecular Basis for Receptor Sharing in the IL-1 Family. (2017)

Abstract Cytokines of the IL-1 family are potent stimulators of the immune system. As seen in other cytokine families, cytokine redundancy due to receptor sharing is characteristic for the IL-1 family. Today five primary receptors have been described that each bind a subset of the 11 known cytokines within this family. Once an agonistic cytokine-receptor pair has formed, it can engage one of the two co-receptors and initiate signaling through MyD88. While IL-18Rβ is the unique co-receptor for the IL-18/IL-18Rα pair, IL-1RAcP is shared between the other four primary receptors, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, ST2 and IL-36R. Crystal structures of IL-1β bound to IL-1RI or IL-1RII in complex with IL-1RAcP previously revealed the general architecture of signaling complexes in the IL-1 family. IL-33 is the latest cytokine to be discovered in the IL-1 family. Since its first description in 2005 it has been recognized as a central driver of type 2 immunity. Here we present the crystal structure of IL-33 in complex with its receptors ST2 and IL-1RAcP. The structure reveals a remarkable conservation of the ternary architecture of signaling complexes in the IL-1 family. We observe common principles of co-receptor binding, also seen in the other two ternary structures containing IL-1RAcP. However, hydrogen/deuterium mass exchange spectroscopy and extensive alanine-scanning analysis combined with direct binding analysis of the IL-1β and IL-33 signaling complexes demonstrate that the binding energy is distributed quite differently within the two. Co-receptor binding of ST2/IL-33 is much less dependent on the cytokine than on the receptor, while for IL-1β/IL-1RI the cytokine plays a much more important role.
A method for monitoring partial discharge of electrical cable based on magneto-optic crystal optical fiber current sensor (2020)

We develop an on-line monitoring method for partial discharge of high-voltage electrical cable. The optical fiber current sensor construction that combines the magneto-optic material with the ferromagnetic ring concentrator. We carry on the simulation and analysis to air gap magnetic field of the ferromagnetic ring concentrator using the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element analysis software, find the method to solve the air gap size of ferromagnetic ring concentrator and the placement of the magnetic field crystal according to the magnetic field distribution rule. We have studied distinctive features of the response of a fibre-optic current sensor with a magneto-optic crystal sensing to short current pulses. The response of the current sensor to the pin-to-plate discharge model of electrical cable at different voltage levels has a linear relationship and its duration is determined by the relationship between the current pulse duration.
Clinical Evaluation of the Vestibular Nerve Using Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (2018)

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are currently the most clinically accessible method to evaluate the otolith reflex pathways. These responses provide unique information regarding the status of the utriculo-ocular and sacculo-collic reflex pathways, information that has previously been unavailable. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are recorded from tonically contracted target muscles known to be innervated by these respective otolith organs. Diagnosticians can use vestibular evoked myogenic potentials to better evaluate the overall integrity of the inner ear and neural pathways; however, there are specific considerations for each otolith reflex protocol. In addition, specific patient populations may require protocol variations to better evaluate atypical function of the inner ear organs, vestibular nerve transmission, or subsequent reflex pathways. This is a review of the clinical application and interpretation of cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials.
A new vena caval filter for percutaneous placement and retrieval: experimental study. (1984)

A new vena caval filter that can be inserted percutaneously through an angiographic catheter is described. The filter is secured by controlled penetration of the caval wall and is designed for percutaneous retrieval. The filter was easily and safely placed and removed in 11 mongrel dogs, and in an in vitro study, the filter was shown to be highly effective and less dependent than the Greenfield filter on positioning. The authors believe that the filter will be suitable for prophylactic placement in patients at high risk for pulmonary thromboembolic disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis of Porphyrins and Related Macrocycles. Part 52. Synthesis of (11‐S)‐[11‐2H1]Porphobilinogen and the (11R)‐Enantiomer for Stereochemical Studies on Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase (Porphobilinogen Deaminase). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Infrared-Active Combination Band in a Surface Formate Species (1983)

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy of a formate species on Cu(110) shows not only ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{s}(\mathrm{COO})$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}(\mathrm{CH})$ stretching modes characteristic of a bridge species but also a combination band ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{a}(\mathrm{COO})+\ensuremath{\delta}(\mathrm{CH})$. Both components of this band have dynamic dipoles parallel to the surface and are thus forbidden themselves. Adsorbate-adsorbate dynamic dipole interactions cause the frequency to shift downwards with increasing coverage. The high absorption cross section of the band is attributed to a Fermi resonance with $\ensuremath{\nu}(\mathrm{CH})$.
Properties of 2D MR image reconstructions with deep neural networks at high acceleration rates (2023)

We assess the properties of deep neural network-reconstructed brain MR images in the high acceleration regime at factors up to 100. We have three contributions: 1) metrics on model performance from 2- to 100-fold accelerations, 2) a Monte Carlo procedure for scoring the quality of model reconstructions using only subsampled data, and 3) assessment of the acceleration effects on pathology in six cases. Our Monte Carlo procedure can estimate ground truth PSNR with coefficients of determination greater than 0.5 using only subsampled data. Our pathology results were stable in DNN reconstructions up to 8-fold acceleration.
Tensile behavior of nanocomposites from latex and cellulose whiskers (1996)

Abstract Cellulose whiskers have been used as reinforcement in a copolymer matrix prepared from a latex phase. If a water suspension‐mixing procedure is adopted, the fibril breakage that usually occurs during the mixing with a molten polymer can be avoided, and an enhanced filler dispersion can be expected. In this study, different processing methods have been used to prepare composite films, either by film casting (water evaporation) or by freeze drying, followed by classical compression or extrusion processes. The thermomechanical properties of these nanocomposites have been investigated, and the influence of processing conditions and the effect of whisker content have been considered. Processing conditions have a large influence on the mechanical behavior and can be classified in ascending order of their reinforcement efficiency: It can be attributed to a decrease of the apparent whisker aspect ratio, due to gradual breakage and/or orientation of the whiskers when hot pressing or extrusion is used. Below T g , good agreement is found between experimental moduli and the theoretical predictions of the Halpin‐Kardos equation. On the other hand, above T g , a spectacular reinforcing effect is observed, which is widely underestimated by this short fiber composite model. This is related to the presence of a rigid cellulose network, linked by hydrogen bonds, when the whisker content is above its percolation threshold. The quality of this network (i.e., density and homogeneity) and thus, the magnitude of the reinforcing effect, depend on processing conditions.
Sputtering yields of magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] by noble-gas ion bombardment (2012)

Abstract Magnesium oxide (MgO) is widely used for barrier coating of plasma display panel (PDP) cells and its resistance against ion sputtering is a critical issue for the prolongation of lifetime of PDPs. The top surface of an MgO barrier coat may be hydrated to form a thin layer of magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH) 2 ] due to moisture inadvertently contained in the gas of the PDP cell. In this study, sputtering yields of Mg(OH) 2 by low-energy noble-gas ion bombardment have been evaluated experimentally with the use of a mass-selected ion beam system and compared with those of MgO. It has been found that the etched depths of Mg(OH) 2 and MgO are nearly equal when they are subject to the same noble-gas ion bombardment conditions.
CIDEA Transcriptionally Regulates UCP1 for Britening and Thermogenesis in Human Fat Cells (2019)

Our study identifies a transcriptional role of cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector A (CIDEA), a lipid-droplet-associated protein, whereby it regulates human adipocyte britening/beiging with consequences for the regulation of energy expenditure. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed CIDEA's control over thermogenic function in brite/beige human adipocytes. In the absence of CIDEA, achieved by the modified dual-RNA-based CRISPR-Cas9n<sup>D10A</sup> system, adipocytes lost their britening capability, which was recovered upon CIDEA re-expression. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), the most upregulated gene in brite human adipocytes, was suppressed in CIDEA knockout (KO) primary human adipocytes. Mechanistically, during induced britening, CIDEA shuttled from lipid droplets to the nucleus via an unusual nuclear bipartite signal in a concentration-dependent manner. In the nucleus, it specifically inhibited LXRα repression of UCP1 enhancer activity and strengthened PPARγ binding to UCP1 enhancer, hence driving UCP1 transcription. Overall, our study defines the role of CIDEA in increasing thermogenesis in human adipocytes.
Programmable and Highly Resolved In Vitro Detection of 5‐Methylcytosine by TALEs (2014)

Gene expression is extensively regulated by specific patterns of genomic 5-methylcytosine (mC), but the ability to directly detect this modification at user-defined genomic loci is limited. One reason is the lack of molecules that discriminate between mC and cytosine (C) and at the same time provide inherent, programmable sequence-selectivity. Programmable transcription-activator-like effectors (TALEs) have been observed to exhibit mC-sensitivity in vivo, but to only a limited extent in vitro. We report an mC-detection assay based on TALE control of DNA replication that displays unexpectedly strong mC-discrimination ability in vitro. The status and level of mC modification at single positions in oligonucleotides can be determined unambiguously by this assay, independently of the overall target sequence. Moreover, discrimination is reliably observed for positions bound by N-terminal and central regions of TALEs. This indicates the wide scope and robustness of the approach for highly resolved mC detection and enabled the detection of a single mC in a large, eukaryotic genome.
Role of humoral immunity against hepatitis B virus core antigen in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure (2018)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure (ALF) is a dramatic clinical syndrome leading to death or liver transplantation in 80% of cases. Due to the extremely rapid clinical course, the difficulties in obtaining liver specimens, and the lack of an animal model, the pathogenesis of ALF remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive genetic and functional characterization of the virus and the host in liver tissue from HBV-associated ALF and compared the results with those of classic acute hepatitis B in chimpanzees. In contrast with acute hepatitis B, HBV strains detected in ALF livers displayed highly mutated HBV core antigen (HBcAg), associated with increased HBcAg expression ex vivo, which was independent of viral replication levels. Combined gene and miRNA expression profiling revealed a dominant B cell disease signature, with extensive intrahepatic production of IgM and IgG in germline configuration exclusively targeting HBcAg with subnanomolar affinities, and complement deposition. Thus, HBV ALF appears to be an anomalous T cell-independent, HBV core-driven B cell disease, which results from the rare and unfortunate encounter between a host with an unusual B cell response and an infecting virus with a highly mutated core antigen.
Terahertz backward wave oscillators (2003)

RF sources are required at frequencies in the terahertz range for molecular spectroscopy, background radioastronomy, and remote sensing of comets, Earth, and other planetary atmospheres. These devices are needed as local oscillator (LO) sources in heterodyne receivers. The program is developing backward wave oscillators (BWO) with improved efficiency and performance to meet this requirement.
Signal Sequences Distinguish Class II Histocompatibility Antigen ß Chains of Different Loci (1984)

The signal sequences of two HLA-DR beta chains and the DR alpha chain were determined. In addition, the major part of a DC beta-chain signal sequence was also elucidated. The data were obtained by combining amino acid sequence analyses of isolated alpha and beta chains with nucleotide sequencing of four cDNA clones. All signal sequences comprise 25 amino acids or more. The two HLA-DR beta-chain signal sequences are identical and exhibit only marginal homology to the DC beta-chain signal sequence. No homology is apparent between alpha- and beta-chain signal sequences. The differences in the signal sequences of the DR and DC beta chains suggest that these sequences may be used to assign beta chains to different loci of the human major histocompatibility complex.
Abstract 1347: NTRK1/TRKA as a therapeutic target in castration resistant prostate cancer (2016)

Abstract Treatment options remain limited for men with castration resistant prostate cancer, with current chemotherapy offering mainly palliative benefits. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention in men who have progressed on anti-androgen therapy. We have compiled a panel of 20 prostate cancer cell lines that has been extensively characterized at the molecular level that enables us to perform high throughput drug and siRNA screens to identify novel therapeutic targets. We performed an siRNA screen targeting kinases using eight representative lines, both in the presence and absence of the anti-androgen MDV3100. Knockdown of NTRK1 (TRKA) significantly inhibited growth in 4/8 of the cell lines tested. To confirm this, we screened the entire panel of cell lines with the inhibitor CEP-701, which targets FLT3, JAK2, and TRK-A/B/C. CEP-701 showed GI50 values (dose required to inhibit growth by 50%) less than 400 nM in 8/20 cell lines. Since this drug had already been tested in clinical trials for prostate cancer and the trials were discontinued due to lack of PSA decline, we looked for other drugs that also inhibit TRKA. Both BIBF-1120 and GSK-1363089 are also known to inhibit TRKA, but neither have been tested in prostate cancer expressing TRKA. We tested GSK-136089 in a subset of 9 prostate cell lines, and found that 4/9 lines reached GI50 at 1 uM or less, including AR mutant or null lines such as 22rv1 and PC3 that are non-responsive to MDV3100. Additional tests with BIBF-1120 and GSK-1363089 are underway. These data suggest that NTRK1 may be a potential target for patients with castration resistant prostate cancer. Citation Format: James E. Korkola, Moqing Liu, Rebecca Smith, Tiera Liby, Joe W. Gray. NTRK1/TRKA as a therapeutic target in castration resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1347.
Modulation of allergic inflammation in the lung by a peptide derived from Mycobacteria tuberculosis chaperonin 60.1 (2019)

Our results suggest that a peptide derived from mycobacterial Cpn60.1 has a long-lasting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity which may help explain some of the protective effects of TB against allergic diseases.
Field and pore size dependence of the electrophoretic mobility of DNA: A combination of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and electric birefringence measurements (1996)

By combining an electrophoretic cell with a setup of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) we can measure the electrophoretic mobility mu of double-stranded lambda DNA in agarose gel as a function of electric field E and gel concentration C. Mobility varies linearly with the field in agreement with the biased reptation model with fluctuations. The slopes are analyzed in term of orientation and compared with birefringence results. The mobility extrapolated at zero field follows the prediction of the reptation theory; we deduced the variation of the pore size with the agarose concentration. With a special use of our setup, we measure directly the free-mobility mu 0 of the DNA.
Ferrocene and Maleimide-Functionalized Disulfide Scaffolds for Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold (2010)

A series of ferrocene-based electroactive molecules (EAMs) containing maleimide and disulfide groups in different asymmetric and branched architectures were designed and synthesized. Stable monolayers of each EAM on gold electrodes were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. Importantly, these EAMs expand the repertoire of monolayer building blocks amenable to modular biofunctionalization for applications in electrochemical biosensor fabrication.