gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doubly Robust Smoothing of Dynamical Processes via Outlier Sparsity Constraints (2011)

Coping with outliers contaminating dynamical processes is of major importance in various applications because mismatches from nominal models are not uncommon in practice. In this context, the present paper develops novel fixed-lag and fixed-interval smoothing algorithms that are robust to outliers simultaneously present in the measurements and in the state dynamics. Outliers are handled through auxiliary unknown variables that are jointly estimated along with the state based on the least-squares criterion that is regularized with the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l1</i> -norm of the outliers in order to effect sparsity control. The resultant iterative estimators rely on coordinate descent and the alternating direction method of multipliers, are expressed in closed form per iteration, and are provably convergent. Additional attractive features of the novel doubly robust smoother include: i) ability to handle both types of outliers; ii) universality to unknown nominal noise and outlier distributions; iii) flexibility to encompass maximum a posteriori optimal estimators with reliable performance under nominal conditions; and iv) improved pCoping with outliers contaminating dynamical processes is of major importance in various applications because mismatches from nominal models are not uncommon in practice. In this context, the present paper develops novel fixed-lag and fixed-interval smoothing algorithms that are robust to outliers simultaneously present in the measurements and in the state dynamics. Outliers are handled through auxiliary unknown variables that are jointly estimated along with the state based on the least-squares criterion that is regularized with the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm of the outliers in order to effect sparsity control. The resultant iterative estimators rely on coordinate descent and the alternating direction method of multipliers, are expressed in closed form per iteration, and are provably convergent. Additional attractive features of the novel doubly robust smoother include: i) ability to handle both types of outliers; ii) universality to unknown nominal noise and outlier distributions; iii) flexibility to encompass maximum a posteriori optimal estimators with reliable performance under nominal conditions; and iv) improved performance relative to competing alternatives at comparable complexity, as corroborated via simulated tests.erformance relative to competing alternatives at comparable complexity, as corroborated via simulated tests.
Wavelet-based image coding: comparison of MPEG-4 and JPEG-2000 (2003)

Two major emerging standards, MPEG-4 and JPEG-2000, have recently adopted wavelet-based coding as the basic framework for coding still images and textures. Although both MPEG-4 and JPEG-2000 are based on wavelet coding, they are different. This paper presents an overview of these two emerging standards and highlights the differences in terms of coding scheme, performance, scope, functionalities, and applications. Both qualitative and quantitative comparisons are provided.
Facile Synthesis of Reductively Degradable Biopolymers Using Cystamine Diisocyanate as a Coupling Agent (2016)

Reductively degradable biopolymers have emerged as a unique class of smart biomedical materials. Here, a functional coupling agent, cystamine diisocyanate (CDI), was designed to offer a facile access to reductively degradable biopolymers via polycondensation with various diols. CDI was readily obtained with a decent yield of 46% by reacting cystamine dihydrochloride with triphosgene. The polycondensation of oligo(ethylene glycol) diol (Mn = 0.4 or 1.5 kg/mol) or oligo(ε-caprolactone) diol (Mn = 0.53 kg/mol) with CDI in N,N-dimethylformamide at 60 °C using dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst afforded reductively degradable poly(ethylene glycol) (SSPEG, Mn = 6.2-76.8 kg/mol) or poly(ε-caprolactone) (SSPCL, Mn = 6.8-16.3 kg/mol), in which molecular weights were well controlled by diol/CDI molar ratios. Moreover, PEG-SSPCL-PEG triblock copolymers could be readily prepared by reacting dihydroxyl-terminated SSPCL with PEG-isocyanate derivative. PEG-SSPCL-PEG with an Mn of 5.0-16.3-5.0 kg/mol formed small-sized micelles with an average diameter of about 85 nm in PB buffer. The in vitro release studies using doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug showed that, in sharp contrast to reduction-insensitive PEG-PCL(HDI)-PEG controls, drug release from PEG-SSPCL-PEG micelles was fast and nearly complete in 24 h under a reductive condition containing 10 mM glutathione. The confocal microscopy experiments in drug-resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/ADR) displayed efficient cytoplasmic DOX release from PEG-SSPCL-PEG micelles. MTT assays revealed that DOX-loaded PEG-SSPCL-PEG micelles were much more potent against MCF-7/ADR cells than reduction-insensitive PEG-PCL(HDI)-PEG controls (IC50: 6.3 vs 55.4 μg/mL). It should further be noted that blank PEG-SSPCL-PEG micelles were noncytotoxic up to a tested concentration of 1 mg/mL. Hence, cystamine diisocyanate appears to be an innovative coupling agent that facilitates versatile synthesis of biocompatible and reductively degradable biopolymers.
Allosteric and kinetic properties of L-lactate dehydrogenase from Thermus caldophilus GK24, an extremely thermophilic bacterium. (1985)

We investigated the allosteric and kinetic properties of the heat-stable L-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) from Thermus caldophilus GK24. In the absence of an effector, the pyruvate and L-lactate saturation curves for the enzyme were sigmoid. In the presence of 0.2 mM fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate, the most potent effector, the substrate saturation curves ceased to show the positive cooperativities. The maximum velocity of pyruvate reduction increased 7-fold on the addition of fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. This fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate-dependent enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by high concentrations of the substrate (pyruvate). In contrast, the NADH and NAD+ saturation curves for the enzyme were hyperbolic independent of fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate. Glucose 1, 6-bisphosphate, fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate and 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate also activated the enzyme to some extent. Inorganic phosphate slightly activated the enzyme, while it was rather inhibitory for the fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate-dependent enzyme reaction. Oxamate, an analogue of pyruvate, activated the enzyme and caused the positive cooperativity for pyruvate to disappear. The intracellular concentrations of fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate and pyruvate and the kinetic properties of L-lactate dehydrogenase of T. caldophilus Gk24 indicate that the enzyme exhibits the pyruvate reduction activity in concert with glycolysis under allosteric regulation by fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate.
Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast: Immunohistochemical and DNA Flow Cytometric Profile (1999)

Molecular markers of ordinary invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast have been extensively studied and their prognostic significance has been assessed. A common variant of breast cancer, tubular carcinoma, has an excellent prognosis as judged from several clinicopathologic studies. One would assume that tubular carcinomas have "favorable" molecular markers, however, published series of tubular carcinomas do not include molecular markers. We describe the molecular markers of 39 consecutive tubular carcinomas collected between January 1995 and July 1997. DNA ploidy, S-phase, estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR, respectively) expression, and immunoreactivity for MIB-1, p53, and erbB2 were evaluated. Seventy-two percent of tubular carcinomas were DNA diploid, 49% had an S-phase less than 5%, 95% were ER positive, 69% were PR positive, 88% had less than 10% MIB-1-positive cells, 97% were p53 negative, and 97% did not overexpress erbB2 protein. Thus tubular carcinomas exhibit favorable molecular characteristics, which may play a role in their good prognosis.
Aging of lymphoid organs: Can photobiomodulation reverse age‐associated thymic involution via stimulation of extrapineal melatonin synthesis and bone marrow stem cells? (2017)

Thymic atrophy and the subsequent reduction in T-cell production are the most noticeable age-related changes affecting lymphoid organs in the immune system. In fact, thymic involution has been described as "programmed aging." New therapeutic approaches, such as photobiomodulation (PBM), may reduce or reverse these changes. PBM (also known as low-level laser therapy) involves the delivery of non-thermal levels of red or near-infrared light that are absorbed by mitochondrial chromophores, in order to prevent tissue death and stimulate healing and regeneration. PBM may reverse or prevent thymic involution due to its ability to induce extrapineal melatonin biosynthesis via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or NF-kB activation, or alternatively by stimulating bone marrow stem cells that can regenerate the thymus. This perspective puts forward a hypothesis that PBM can alter thymic involution, improve immune functioning in aged people and even extend lifespan.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Iron Oxide Based Electroactive Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries: The Critical Role of Crystallite Size, Morphology, and Electrode Heterostructure on Battery Relevant Electrochemistry (2016)

Abstract Review: 96 refs.
Pathways to improved performance and processing of CdTe and CuInSe<inf>2</inf> based modules (2008)

CdTe and CuInSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> based modules have made the transition from pilot scale development to large manufacturing facilities. Production of CdTe modules has validated the cost reduction associated with the high throughput manufacturing process in plants exceeding 100 MW. Similar to development of crystalline Si modules, the next challenges are to improve the performance and processing of the modules. Currently, the module performance of CdTe and CuInSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> based modules are significantly less than the small area ‘champion’ laboratory cells. In this presentation, approaches to advance the module performance to 15% and beyond will be discussed along with modification of processing steps to improve manufacturing throughput and materials utilization. For improvements in performance and processing to be effectively translated to a manufacturing environment, analytic/diagnostic tools based on measurable and predictive properties will be needed. This will require advancing the science and engineering fundamentals of the materials, devices and processing.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor Detection by Imaging Proteolytic Activity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Tumor Detection by Imaging Proteolytic Activity
Structure-based design of selective high-affinity telomeric quadruplex-binding ligands (2010)

A library of triazole-based telomeric quadruplex-selective ligands has been developed that mimic an established family of tri-substituted acridine-based ligands, using crystal structure data as a starting-point for computer-based design. Binding affinities, estimated by electrospray mass spectrometry, are in accord with the design concept.
Topic of the Month: Effect of Velocity on Life Expectancy of Steel Pipelines In Commercial Strengths of Sulfuric Acid (1959)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. F. DEGNAN; Topic of the Month—Effect of Velocity on Life Expectancy of Steel Pipelines In Commercial Strengths of Sulfuric Acid. CORROSION 1 June 1959; 15 (6): 60. doi: https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-15.6.60 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Trends and Advancements in Deep Neural Network Communication (2020)

Due to their great performance and scalability properties neural networks have become ubiquitous building blocks of many applications. With the rise of mobile and IoT, these models now are also being increasingly applied in distributed settings, where the owners of the data are separated by limited communication channels and privacy constraints. To address the challenges of these distributed environments, a wide range of training and evaluation schemes have been developed, which require the communication of neural network parametrizations. These novel approaches, which bring the "intelligence to the data" have many advantages over traditional cloud solutions such as privacy-preservation, increased security and device autonomy, communication efficiency and high training speed. This paper gives an overview over the recent advancements and challenges in this new field of research at the intersection of machine learning and communications.
Low power and QoS (1999)

Quality of service has recently emerged as one of the most important research topics and engineering problems in a number of fields, including the Internet, multimedia, and wireless communication. However, the interest in QoS in these fields has not been matched by similar interest among system designers. Therefore, a large and growing gap exists between theoretical discussions of QoS in the multimedia and networking literature and the practical application of QoS paradigms in system synthesis. At the same time, researchers have pursued many aspects of low-power designs and have proposed a variety of modeling and optimization techniques. Also, there are hundreds of research papers on, and dozens of tools for power minimization at essentially all stages of the design process. Nevertheless, no one has addressed the relationship between power optimization and QoS. Therefore, in the very near future we will likely see a flurry of research and development to realize design methodologies and synthesis tools that incorporate QoS methodologies and optimize system power consumption. To build a basis and provide an impetus for this research, I briefly survey the state-of-the-art QoS research and practice.
Radioactive hot-spot localization in biological tissues by high-spatial-resolution scintillation camera (2008)

In the framework of the SCINTIRAD Project, Research &amp; Development activity has been focused on the design and test of high-spatial-resolution planar scintillation cameras as gamma-ray imaging detectors. &#13;\nTo get additional information from such planar detectors (i.e. to get information on the z-coordinate of the gamma-radiation emitter), a method to measure the detector-to-object distance has been presented [2,3]. &#13;\nIn this work the results of radioactive hot-spot localization tests and possible biomedical applications are presented.
The multi path simulator for over the air testing (2010)

The multipath simulator (MPS) is a test environment that can emulate various propagation conditions including Rayleigh fading. It might be used for antenna measurements, drive tests of communication equipment and performance testing of cellular radio equipment. An experimental system has been built to demonstrate basic properties.
Evaluation of the Magnetization Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Serum Using HTS-SQUID (2018)

The magnetization properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) changed by the action of the buffer and serum solutions with different viscosities were analyzed using dc and ac magnetometers that utilized high-temperature superconductivity-superconducting quantum interference devices. The magnetization properties of MNPs in different solutions with different viscosities were measured using a dc magnetometer via vibrating the sample under a dc magnetic field. The harmonic signal characteristics of the MNPs in different solutions were measured in a low-frequency magnetic field. In addition, the dynamic changes in the magnetic characteristics of MNPs in different solutions were measured using an ac magnetometer with a high frequency. The results corresponding to the low- and high-frequency fields showed that both viscosity of the solvent and the interactions between the MNPs and the solvent are important influencing factors in immunoassays using MNPs.
PPARδ is a very low-density lipoprotein sensor in macrophages (2003)

Although triglyceride-rich particles, such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), contribute significantly to human atherogenesis, the molecular basis for lipoprotein-driven pathogenicity is poorly understood. We demonstrate that in macrophages, VLDL functions as a transcriptional regulator via the activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta. The signaling components of native VLDL are its triglycerides, whose activity is enhanced by lipoprotein lipase. Generation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta null macrophages verifies the absolute requirement of this transcription factor in mediating the VLDL response. Thus, our data reveal a pathway through which dietary triglycerides and VLDL can directly regulate gene expression in atherosclerotic lesions.
Cylindrical Single-Degree-of-Freedom Spatial Mechanisms for Cell Restraint (2012)

Many transgenic animal production techniques require egg cells to be held in place during injection of the transgene. This paper presents a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mechanism that provides cell support, self-centers the cell, and requires a single linear input for actuation. This restraint device uses an innovative spatial mechanism, termed a cylindrical mechanism. The kinematics and design of the restraint are discussed. The MEMS cell restraints were fabricated using a surface micromachining process, after which the mechanism’s cell support, self-centering of the cell, and motion were verified.
Studies of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Infection Mediated by Fc Receptors Using Sera from Recipients of a Recombinant gp160 Experimental HIV-1 Vaccine (1992)

Subneutralizing concentrations of sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients augment HIV infection mediated by Fc receptor uptake by human monocytes and the monocytic cell line U937. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) and neutralization activity were studied in the sera of HIV-1 antibody-negative volunteers who had been immunized with three 40-micrograms doses of a recombinant gp160 (rgp160) candidate HIV vaccine. Volunteers were vaccinated with rgp160 or a hepatitis B vaccine as a control on days 0, 30, and 180. Sera were obtained before and after three doses of vaccine and were tested for ADE and neutralization activity. Serum samples collected before vaccination showed neither neutralization nor ADE activity. Thirteen sera from volunteers who received gp160 and four from placebo recipients failed to show ADE. Three sera showed low levels of neutralization of strain IIIB of HIV. Vaccination with this dose of rgp160 produced neutralizing antibodies in some subjects but did not induce detectable enhancing antibodies.
Three-dimensional geometry of fluvial gravel deposits from GPR reflection patterns; a comparison of results of three different antenna frequencies (1994)

Ground-probing radar (GPR) proftles have been recorded in fluvial gravel deposits to investigate the two and three dimensional aspects of inhomogeneities. Because reflection patterns depend strongly on the frequency of the input signal, the measurements have been perfonned with a variety of antenna frequencies: an OYO Georadar 1 system with a pair of 250 MHz antennae and a Sensors &amp; Software Inc. pulseEKKO IV system with pairs of 100 MHz and 200 MHz antennae. The GPR profiles which have been recorded with different frequencies are compared. The reflection patterns on the GPR proftles illustrate different aspects of subsurface inhomogeneities. It is demonstrated that the 250 MHz antennae of OYO and the 200 MHz antennae of pulseEKKO IV portray the small scale variability of the gravel deposit, whereas the reflection proftles recorded with the pulse EKKO IV 100 MHz system show reflection patterns which can be assigned to the principal set-boundaries of the sedimentary units. Recently developed software packages provide some good processing opportunities such as filtering, trace editing and migrating in the time domain. The 3-D representation of GPR sections enables the recognition of the geometry of sedimentary units. This information could be useful in the process of quantification of geophysical data as input in hydraulic models.
Halide and Amine Influence in the Equilibrium Formation of Palladium Tris(o-tolyl)phosphine Mono(amine) Complexes from Palladium Aryl Halide Dimers (1996)

The relative binding constants (Kb) for the coordination of amines to the palladium fragment Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4Me)Cl were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and decrease in the order hexylamine > benzylamine ≈ cyclohexylamine ≈ piperidine > dibutylamine ≈ diethylamine ≈ N-benzylmethylamine > morpholine > diisobutylamine > dibenzylamine ≈ tert-octylamine >> diisopropylamine > N-methylaniline. The palladium halide dimers {Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4Me)(μ-X)}2 (X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)) react reversibly with dibenzylamine to generate the corresponding 1:1 palladium amine adducts Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4Me)(HNBn2)X (X = Cl (12), K = 6 ± 1 × 103 M-1; X = Br (18), K= 3.5 ± 0.5 × 103 M-1; X = I (22), K = 90 ± 20 M-1), respectively. The related reaction of dibenzylamine with the iodide dimer {Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4OMe)(μ-I)}2 (21) to form Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4OMe)(HNBn2)I (24) provided the thermodynamic parameters ΔG298 K = −3.1 ± 0.1 kcal mol-1, ΔH298 K = −11.9 ± 0.1 kcal mol-1, and ΔS298 K = −30 ± 4 eu. Dimers 1−3 also react reversibly with diisopropylamine at 25 °C to form the amine adducts Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4Me)[HN(i-Pr2)]X (X = Cl (17), K = 14 ± 3 M-1; X = Br (19), K = 2.8 ± 0.5 M-1; X = I (26), K = 6 ± 2 × 10-3 M-1), respectively.
Moraxella catarrhalis induces CEACAM3‐Syk‐CARD9‐dependent activation of human granulocytes (2016)

The human restricted pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis is an important causal agent for exacerbations in chronic obstructive lung disease in adults. In such patients, increased numbers of granulocytes are present in the airways, which correlate with bacteria-induced exacerbations and severity of the disease. Our study investigated whether the interaction of M. catarrhalis with the human granulocyte-specific carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)-3 is linked to NF-κB activation, resulting in chemokine production. Granulocytes from healthy donors and NB4 cells were infected with M. catarrhalis in the presence of different inhibitors, blocking antibodies and siRNA. The supernatants were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chemokines. NF-κB activation was determined using a luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin-immunoprecipitation. We found evidence that the specific engagement of CEACAM3 by M. catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein A1 (UspA1) results in the activation of pro-inflammatory events, such as degranulation of neutrophils, ROS production and chemokine secretion. The interaction of UspA1 with CEACAM3 induced the activation of the NF-κB pathway via Syk and the CARD9 pathway and was dependent on the phosphorylation of the CEACAM3 ITAM-like motif. These findings suggest that the CEACAM3 signalling in neutrophils is able to specifically modulate airway inflammation caused by infection with M. catarrhalis.