gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from: Genomic determinants of coral heat tolerance across latitudes (2015)

As global warming continues, reef-building corals could avoid local population declines through “genetic rescue” involving exchange of heat-tolerant genotypes across latitudes, but only if latitudinal variation in thermal tolerance is heritable. Here, we show an up–to–10-fold increase in odds of survival of coral larvae under heat stress when their parents come from a warmer lower-latitude location. Elevated thermal tolerance was associated with heritable differences in expression of oxidative, extracellular, transport, and mitochondrial functions that indicated a lack of prior stress. Moreover, two genomic regions strongly responded to selection for thermal tolerance in interlatitudinal crosses. These results demonstrate that variation in coral thermal tolerance across latitudes has a strong genetic basis and could serve as raw material for natural selection.
Multistage multiuser decision feedback detection for DS-CDMA (2003)

Multiuser decision-feedback detectors (DFDs) for DS-CDMA are presented using the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion. Both successive and parallel feedback (interference cancellation) are considered. Short spreading codes are assumed, eliminating the need for remodulation. A multi-stage DFD is presented which consists of cascaded DFDs each performing successive cancellation. In the absence of error propagation, a two-stage structure achieves the single-user bound for all users, and is shown to be equivalent to an MMSE DFD with parallel feedback. The effect of error propagation is illustrated through simulation. Both uncoded and coded performance results are presented. These results show that the DFDs can offer a significant performance gain relative to linear MMSE detection.
MR Elastography of the Liver in an Animal Model of Hepatic Fibrosis (2010)

Discussion For genetic knockout ARPKD mice, diffuse hepatic fibrosis and cysts develop progressively with age. Therefore, this preliminary study allows us to closely follow the relationship between the shear stiffness of liver tissues and extent of hepatic fibrosis, as measured by histology. These preliminary results demonstrate that the shear stiffness of the liver tissue increases systematically with the extent of hepatic fibrosis in the ARPKD animal model. We expect that the completed study, which will include measurements of over 30 animals, will define the relationship more precisely. Conclusion MR Elastography is an effective quantitative method to assess the in vivo mechanical properties of the liver tissues in small animals, allowing the relationship between histologic fibrosis and mechanical properties of liver tissues to be defined.
Visualization of White Matter Tracts with Wrapped Streamlines (2006)

Diffusion tensor imaging is a magnetic resonance imaging method which has gained increasing importance in neuroscience and especially in neurosurgery. It acquires diffusion properties represented by a symmetric 2nd order tensor for each voxel in the gathered dataset. From the medical point of view, the data is of special interest due lo different diffusion characteristics of varying brain tissue allowing conclusions about the underlying structures such as while matter tracts. An obvious way to visualize this data is to focus on the anisotropic areas using the major eigenvector for tractography and rendering lines for visualization of the simulation results. Our approach extends this technique to avoid line representation since lines lead 10 very complex illustrations and furthermore are mistakable. Instead, we generate surfaces wrapping bundles of lines. Thereby, a more intuitive representation of different tracts is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cytotoxic Isomalabaricane‐Type Sesterterpenes from the New Caledonian Marine Sponge Rhabdastrella globostellata. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Protective Role of Ashwagandha Leaf Extract and Its Component Withanone on Scopolamine-Induced Changes in the Brain and Brain-Derived Cells (2011)

Our study suggested that besides cholinergic blockade, scopolamine-induced memory loss may be associated with oxidative stress and Ashwagandha i-Extract, and withanone may serve as potential preventive and therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders and hence warrant further molecular analyses.
Review on Development and Dental Applications of Polyetheretherketone-Based Biomaterials and Restorations (2021)

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an important high-performance thermoplastic. Its excellent strength, stiffness, toughness, fatigue resistance, biocompatibility, chemical stability and radiolucency have made PEEK attractive in dental and orthopedic applications. However, PEEK has an inherently hydrophobic and chemically inert surface, which has restricted its widespread use in clinical applications, especially in bonding with dental resin composites. Cutting edge research on novel methods to improve PEEK applications in dentistry, including oral implant, prosthodontics and orthodontics, is reviewed in this article. In addition, this article also discusses innovative surface modifications of PEEK, which are a focus area of active investigations. Furthermore, this article also discusses the necessary future studies and clinical trials for the use of PEEK in the human oral environment to investigate its feasibility and long-term performance.
Molecular analysis of microbial diversity in the Zavarzin Spring, Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka (2011)

The Zavarzin spring is situated in the caldera of the Uzon volcano, Kamchatka, and is characterized by a temperature of about 60°C, neutral pH, and high concentration of sulfur. The bottom of the spring is covered with a cyanobacterial mat. The structure of the microbial community of the water from the Zavarzin spring was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized by pyrosequencing of the V3 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene, which yielded 37 654 independent sequences. The microbial community includes about 900 bacterial and 90 archaeal genera. Bacteria comprised 95% of the microorganisms and archaea less than 5%. The largest part (32.3%) of the community was constituted by the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria Aquificae from the genera Sulfurihydrogenibium and Thermosulfidibacter. Among autotrophic microorganisms, members of Thermodesulfobacteria (7.3%), the gammaproteobacteria Thiofaba (7.6%), the deltaproteobacteria Desulfurella (2.6%), and the betaproteobacteria Thiomonas (0.6%) were also identified. Heterotrophic bacteria were represented by Calditerrivibrio (12.1%), Thermotogae (6.3%), the betaproteobacteria Tepidimonas (6.0%), Deinococcus-Thermus (4.4%), Caldiserica (1.7%), and Dictyoglomi (1.6%). About 1.9% of microorganisms belonged to the BRC1 phylum, which does not include cultured members, and 0.2% of bacteria formed a new phylogenetic branch of the phylum level, representatives of which have been found only in the Zavarzin spring. Members of all four archaeal phyla were identified: Euryarchaeota (42% of archaeal sequences), Crenarchaeota (50%), Korarchaeota (7.5%), and Nanoarchaeota (0.5%). Thus, in the Zavarzin spring, apart from photosynthesis carried out by the cyanobacterial mat, which covers the bottom, chemolithoautotrophic production of organic matter can occur. In aerobic conditions, it proceeds at the expense of the oxidation of sulfur and its reduced compounds, and in anaerobic conditions, at the expense of the oxidation of hydrogen with sulfur and sulfates as electron acceptors. The organic matter formed by autotrophic bacteria may be utilized by various organotrophic microorganisms, including both fermentative bacteria and organisms that carry out anaerobic respiration with sulfur and nitrate as electron acceptors.
Towards a Practical, Non-enzymatic Process for Molnupiravir from Cytidine (2021)

A scalable four step synthesis of molnupiravir from cytidine is described herein. The attractiveness of this approach is its fully chemical nature involving inexpensive reagents and more environmentally friendly solvents such as water, isopropanol, acetonitrile and acetone. Isolation and purification procedures are improved in comparison to our earlier report, as all intermediates can be isolated via aqueous acid treatment and recrystallization. The key steps in the synthesis, namely ester formation, hydroxamination and deprotection were done on multigram scale to afford molnupiravir in 36-41% yield with average purity of 98 wt% by q-NMR and 99 area % by HPLC
Inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes by soy-protein edible film containing grape seed extract, nisin, and malic acid (2005)

The frequent outbreaks of food-borne illness necessitate development of intervention strategies, including the use of natural antimicrobials. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important bacterial pathogens that recently has caused a significant number of outbreaks. With the aim of finding potent natural agents that can minimize pathogen contamination concerns, this study evaluated the inhibitory activities against L. monocytogenes of grape seed extract (GSE), malic acid (M), nisin (N), and combinations thereof incorporated into soy-protein edible films. Soyprotein films with/without addition of antimicrobial agents (GSE: 1%, Nisin: 10,000 IU/g, Malic acid: 1%, and their combinations) were prepared and evaluated for anti-listerial activities. The highest inhibitory activity after 1 h incubation at 25°C was found in the treatment containing GSE, nisin, and malic acid, which produced reductions of log 3.7 colony-forming units (CFU)/ ml as compared to control film without the addition of antimicrobial agents. These data demonstrated that the GSE, nisin, and malic acid combination incorporated into soy-protein edible films is very effective in inhibiting L. monocytogenes growth at 25°C and has potential for applications on a variety of food products to help prevent L. monocytogenes contamination and growth.
Halogen bonding effects on the outcome of reactions at metal centres (2019)

Key findings regarding the effects of ligand preorganisation via halogen bonding on the outcome of reactions at rhodium are reported. An unprecedented halogen bonding-mediated oxidative addition of CAr-I bonds to rhodium with efficient formation of cyclometallated species deserves special mention.
Embryonic Expression of the Gax Homeodomain Protein in Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal Muscle (1997)

Gax is a homeobox-containing gene that has been detected in adult cardiovascular tissues and exhibits a growth arrest-specific pattern of expression in cultured vascular myocytes. To study the regulation of gax during development, we performed immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization on mouse embryos. Gax was present in mesodermally and, as with other homeobox genes, neuroectodermally derived tissues. Early mesodermal protein expression was limited to the lateral plate and somitic mesoderm. Gax in the cardiac muscle lineage exhibited a biphasic pattern of expression. Expression was prominent in the heart tube of the earliest cardiomyocytes and remained prominent through the looping stage (day 12.5 post coitum [pc]) but fell below the threshold of detection in atria and ventricles by day 13.5 pc. At day 15.5 pc, Gax protein was again detectable but restricted to cells within the compact layer of the ventricular myocardium. Gax expression was also noted in smooth muscle cells as early as day 9.5 pc. In the skeletal muscle lineage, Gax protein was expressed at the onset of somitogenesis before the expression of the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix and MEF2/RSRF family proteins. Subsequently, it was noted at day 9.5 pc in premyogenic cells migrating into head, trunk, and limb buds. Gax was detected in myotomes, premuscle masses, and mature muscle groups. These data suggest an important developmental role for Gax in all muscle lineages.
Identification and Characterization of a Newly Isolated Shiga Toxin 2-Converting Phage from Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (1998)

Shiga toxins 1 (Stx1) and 2 (Stx2) are encoded by toxin-converting bacteriophages of Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and so far two Stx1- and one Stx2-converting phages have been isolated from two STEC strains (A. D. O'Brien, J. W. Newlands, S. F. Miller, R. K. Holmes, H. W. Smith, and S. B. Formal, Science 226:694-696, 1984). In this study, we isolated two Stx2-converting phages, designated Stx2Phi-I and Stx2Phi-II, from two clinical strains of STEC associated with the outbreaks in Japan in 1996 and found that Stx2Phi-I resembled 933W, the previously reported Stx2-converting phage, in its infective properties for E. coli K-12 strain C600 while Stx2Phi-II was distinct from them. The sizes of the plaques of Stx2Phi-I and Stx2Phi-II in C600 were different; the former was larger than the latter. The restriction maps of Stx2Phi-I and Stx2Phi-II were not identical; rather, Stx2Phi-II DNA was approximately 3 kb larger than Stx2Phi-I DNA. Furthermore, Stx2Phi-I and Stx2Phi-II showed different phage immunity, with Stx2Phi-I and 933W belonging to the same group. Infection of C600 by Stx2Phi-I or 933W was affected by environmental osmolarity differently from that by Stx2Phi-II. When C600 was grown under conditions of high osmolarity, the infectivity of Stx2Phi-I and 933W was greatly decreased compared with that of Stx2Phi-II. Examination of the plating efficiency of the three phages for the defined mutations in C600 revealed that the efficiency of Stx2Phi-I and 933W for the fadL mutant decreased to less than 10(-7) compared with that for C600 whereas the efficiency of Stx2Phi-II decreased to 0.1% of that for C600. In contrast, while the plating efficiency of Stx2Phi-II for the lamB mutant decreased to a low level (0.05% of that for C600), the efficiencies of Stx2Phi-I and 933W were not changed. This was confirmed by the phage neutralization experiments with isolated outer membrane fractions from C600, fadL mutant, or lamB mutant or the purified His6-tagged FadL and LamB proteins. Based on the data, we concluded that FadL acts as the receptor for Stx2Phi-I and Stx2Phi-II whereas LamB acts as the receptor only for Stx2Phi-II.
Experimental quantification of temperature uncertainty for an array of thermally-sensitive MEMS cantilever beams (2009)

Presented in this paper is the experimental quantification of the temperature uncertainty in a MEMS thermally-tunable capacitor that is especially suited for harsh-environment applications. The measured temperature uncertainty is less than 0.64degC at each point tested, and less than 3.10% for the entire operating range. This recorded resolution is limited by the capacitance resolution of the employed IC circuit and the stray capacitances of the measurement setup.
Phase I study of multi-gene cell therapy in patients with peripheral artery disease (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00390767.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS. REACTIONS OF NITRILE IMINES WITH 1,2‐DISUBSTITUTED ALKENES (1979)

Abstract Durch Reaktion zwischen den Arylhydrazonylhalogeniden (I) und den Vinylsulfonen (II) entstehen die Addukte (III), die zu den Pyrazolen (IV) eliminieren.
Influence of the Local Geometry of Zeolite Active Sites and Olefin Size on the Stability of Alkoxide Intermediates (2001)

The protonation of ethene, propene, 1-butene, and iso-butene by acidic theta-1 zeolite to give covalent alkoxide intermediates has been theoretically investigated by means of cluster and periodic calculations. The influence of the methodology used, of the olefin size and nature, of the cluster used to model the catalyst, of the degree of geometry relaxation around the active site, and of the long-range effects caused by the Madelung potential of the crystal has been analyzed. It has been found that the stability of alkoxide intermediates is very sensitive to the local geometry of the active site and to the nature of the carbon atom involved in the C−O bond, whereas the activation energy for the process is mainly influenced by the methodology used and by electrostatic effects, due to the carbocationic nature of the transition state. Finally, the question of whether the tert-butyl carbenium ion is a reaction intermediate or just a transition state in the iso-butene protonation process has been adressed by calculating the complete reaction mechanism at different theoretical levels.
Porous silicon based intravitreal platform for dual-drug loading and controlled release towards synergistic therapy (2018)

The number of blind and low vision persons in the US is projected to increase to 5.68 million by 2020. The eye diseases causing loss of vision are life-long, chronic, and often need protracted presence of therapeutics at the disease site to keep the disease in remission. In addition, multiple pathologies participate in the disease process and a single therapy seems insufficient to bring the disease under control and prevent vision loss. This study demonstrates the use of porous silicon (pSi) particles sequentially loaded with daunorubicin (DNR) and dexamethasone (DEX) to create a synergistic intravitreally injectable dual-drug delivery system. DEX targets chronic inflammation while DNR inhibits excessive cell proliferation as well as suppresses hypoxia-inducible factor 1 to reduce scarring. This pSi-based delivery system releases therapeutic concentrations of DNR for 100 days and DEX for over 165 days after a single dose. This intravitreal dual-drug delivery system is also well tolerated after injection into the rabbit eye model, attested by ocular biomicroscopy, ocular tonometry, electroretinography, and histology. This novel dual-drug delivery system opens an attractive modality for combination therapy to manage refractory chorioretinal diseases and further preclinical studies are warranted to evaluate its efficacy.
Mass balance, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the selective S1P1receptor modulator ponesimod in humans (2014)

1. Ponesimod [(R)-5-[3-chloro-4-(-2,3-dihydroxy-propoxy)-benzylidene]-2-propylimino-3-o-tolyl-thiazolidin-4-one] is an orally administered, selective S1P1 receptor modulator that blocks the egress of lymphocytes from lymphoid organs and reduces the availability of circulating effector T/B-cells. 2. The mass balance, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 40 mg (14)C-ponesimod were investigated in six healthy male subjects. The total radioactivity in whole blood, plasma, urine, faeces and expired CO2 was determined by liquid scintillation counting. Metabolite profiling was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry. 3. The majority of the radioactivity (% of administered dose) was recovered in faeces (57.3-79.6%), followed by urine (10.3-18.4%) and a small proportion in CO2 from expired air (0.6-1.9%). The average cumulative recovery (mass balance) of (14)C-associated radioactivity in faeces and urine was 77.9% of the administered dose. Unchanged ponesimod made up 25.9% of total radioactivity in faeces; none was detected in urine. Ponesimod was extensively metabolised and two pharmacologically inactive metabolites, M12 (ACT-204426) and M13 (ACT-338375), were detected in the circulation. M12 corresponded to 8.1% and M13 to 25.7% of the total drug-related radioactive exposure (AUC0-∞) in plasma. M12 was highly abundant in faeces (22.3% of total radioactivity) and to a smaller extent in urine (2.5% of total radioactivity).
Magnetic measurements as a viable tool to assess the relative degrees of cation ordering and Mn3+ content in doped LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 spinel cathodes (2013)

The magnetic properties of the doped high-voltage spinels LiMn1.5Ni0.42M0.08O4 (M = Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Al, and Ga) as well as the Mn-rich spinels LiMn1.5+xNi0.5−xO4 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) synthesized by a tank-reactor coprecipitation method have been investigated. It is found that the Curie temperatures correlate well with the degree of cation ordering determined by measuring the capacity value at ∼2.7 V, which corresponds to the insertion of additional lithium into the empty 16c octahedral sites of the spinel lattice. Additionally, it is found that the saturation magnetization near 0 K provides a reliable means of calculating the Mn3+ content in each sample based on the predicted magnetic exchange interactions of the spinel structure. The magnetic results match well with the capacity values obtained in the 4 V region of the samples when assembled as cathodes in lithium-ion cells. The Mn-rich spinels offer insight into the relationship between Mn3+ content and degree of cation ordering and how they affect the magnitude of the capacity in the ∼2.7 V region. The effects of Mn3+ content and cation ordering were isolated by examining the relationship among lattice parameter, Mn3+ content, capacity contribution at ∼2.7 V, and Curie temperature. Thus, it is posited that the Curie temperature is a reliable qualitative means of measuring the degree of cation order in a variety of doped or Mn-rich spinel oxides.
Driving Method with Priority of <i>d</i>-axis Voltage for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (2011)

In this paper, a new driving method is proposed for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in which d-axis voltage is given priority. When an anti-windup PI current controller that considers q-axis voltage saturation is applied to the IPMSM servo system, the IPMSM servo system prevents the oscillatory q-axis current response. However, in the case of this IPMSM servo system, the d-axis current oscillates because of the voltage saturation. The proposed driving method gives priority to the d-axis voltage in order to avoid the d-axis voltage saturation and prevents the oscillatory d-axis current response. Therefore, the IPMSM servo system can achieve stable responses of both d and q axis currents by using the proposed driving method. Moreover, the proposed driving method is improved to operate in the entire over-modulation region. Because the proposed driving method can increase the fundamental component of inverter output voltage, the IPMSM servo system achieves the quick torque and speed responses despite voltage saturation. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed servo system.
Satellite navigation: Present and future (2012)

The Global Positioning System serves one billion civil users, with applications including navigation for cars, aircraft, ships, spacecraft, pedestrians, and emergency services; time transfer for telecommunications, finance, and power delivery; and a breadth of scientific uses. Cognizant of this utility, the Russians are rejuvenating their satellite navigation system, and new systems are being fielded by China, Japan, India, and Europe. Taken together, this Global Navigation Satellite System will provide geometric diversity, with over one hundred navigation satellites, all with triple frequency diversity for civil use. This paper will briefly describe the technology, with a focus on aviation applications.