gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control Plane Protocols (2011)

The cell (re)selection process takes into account the priority of each applicable frequency of each applicable Radio Access Technology (RAT), the radio link quality and the cell status (i.e. whether a cell is barred or reserved). The main aspects of the Control Plane protocols in LTE can be broken down into the Cell Selection and Reselection Procedures when the User Equipment (UE) is in Idle Mode, and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol when the UE is in Connected Mode. The roles of these protocols include supporting security, mobility both between different LTE cells and between LTE and other radio systems, and establishment and reconfiguration of the radio bearers which carry control information and user data. Controlled Vocabulary Terms long term evolution; Non-access stratum protocol; radio access networks
Tumor-derived Autoantibodies Identify Malignant Pulmonary Nodules (2018)

<b>Rationale:</b> Screening for non-small cell lung cancer is associated with earlier diagnosis and reduced mortality but also increased harm caused by invasive follow-up of benign pulmonary nodules. Lung tumorigenesis activates the immune system, components of which could serve as tumor-specific biomarkers. <b>Objectives:</b> To profile tumor-derived autoantibodies as peripheral biomarkers of malignant pulmonary nodules. <b>Methods:</b> High-density protein arrays were used to define the specificity of autoantibodies isolated from B cells of 10 resected lung tumors. These tumor-derived autoantibodies were also examined as free or complexed to antigen in the plasma of the same 10 patients and matched benign nodule control subjects. Promising autoantibodies were further analyzed in an independent cohort of 250 nodule-positive patients. <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> Thirteen tumor B-cell-derived autoantibodies isolated <i>ex vivo</i> showed greater than or equal to 50% sensitivity and greater than or equal to 70% specificity for lung cancer. In plasma, 11 of 13 autoantibodies were present both complexed to and free from antigen. In the larger validation cohort, 5 of 13 tumor-derived autoantibodies remained significantly elevated in cancers. A combination of four of these autoantibodies could detect malignant nodules with an area under the curve of 0.74 and had an area under the curve of 0.78 in a subcohort of indeterminate (8-20 mm in the longest diameter) pulmonary nodules. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our novel pipeline identifies tumor-derived autoantibodies that could effectively serve as blood biomarkers for malignant pulmonary nodule diagnosis. This approach has future implications for both a cost-effective and noninvasive approach to determine nodule malignancy for widespread low-dose computed tomography screening.
Closed-loop control of a vibrant duct gravimetric feeder (2011)

In this work the control system for a gravimetric feeder with vibrant duct for polymer extrusion process has been designed. The plant considered in this paper is a blending machine that mixes up to six components: each component is measured by a dedicated vibrant duct. All components are mixed directly in the chambers of the extruder screw. The mass delivered by each meter is measured by a load cell. The control objectives are: accurate mass flow estimate on the basis of the weight; accurate mass flow regulation; minimum settling time; robustness of the controller parameters against the variation of material and structure of meter.
A translocation causing increased α-Klotho level results in hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperparathyroidism (2008)

Phosphate homeostasis is central to diverse physiologic processes including energy homeostasis, formation of lipid bilayers, and bone formation. Reduced phosphate levels due to excessive renal loss cause hypophosphatemic rickets, a disease characterized by prominent bone defects; conversely, hyperphosphatemia, a major complication of renal failure, is accompanied by parathyroid hyperplasia, hyperparathyroidism, and osteodystrophy. Here, we define a syndrome featuring both hypophosphatemic rickets and hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid hyperplasia as well as other skeletal abnormalities. We show that this disease is due to a de novo translocation with a breakpoint adjacent to alpha-Klotho, which encodes a beta-glucuronidase, and is implicated in aging and regulation of FGF signaling. Plasma alpha-Klotho levels and beta-glucuronidase activity are markedly increased in the affected patient; unexpectedly, the circulating FGF23 level is also markedly elevated. These findings suggest that the elevated alpha-Klotho level mimics aspects of the normal response to hyperphosphatemia and implicate alpha-Klotho in the selective regulation of phosphate levels and in the regulation of parathyroid mass and function; they also have implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of renal osteodystrophy in patients with kidney failure.
The Electronic Structure of C59N and Its AxC59N (A=K, Rb, Cs) Salts from High Energy Spectroscopy (1998)

Using a combination of results from photoemission, electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission and gradient-corrected density functional calculations, we have examined the effects of chemical substitution of N for C in the dimerised heterofullerene (C59N)2. We show that there is a new HOMO state, which lies close in energy to the hu-states of C60 and has a significant degree of N-character. In contrast, the lowest lying unoccupied levels have predominantly C-character. The photoemission data of the alkali metal intercalated salts AxC59N reveal signs of at least one additional phase other than the undoped (C59N)2 and an alkali metal saturated phase. At no stage during the intercalation is experimental evidence for metallic behaviour (in the form of a density of states at the Fermi level) observed.
Use of Iridium‐Catalyzed Transfer Vinylation for the Synthesis of Bio‐Based (bis)‐Vinyl Ethers (2022)

Abstract The iridium catalyzed transfer vinylation of bio‐based polyols and of other alcohols and phenols with interesting structural motifs was accomplished with vinyl acetate in 2‐MeTHF as a green solvent. The optimized synthetic procedure has as main advantages the use of catalytic instead of stoichiometric amounts of base and high selectivities towards the formation of bis‐vinyl ethers as a result of the suppression of the acetal formation reaction that typically occurs in the vinylation of diols. In addition, the thermodynamically preferred transesterification reaction leading to the acetate esters and bis‐esters was completely suppressed. DFT calculations revealed an iridium‐acetate complex as the active catalytic species and they disclosed the importance of the carbonyl group of vinyl acetate for the formation of a six‐membered cyclic intermediate. magnified image
Dynamic response of tactile sensor applying cantilever in elastomer (2013)

We report on the dynamic characteristics of a tactile sensor using a micro standing cantilever embedded in a silicone elastomer. Vibration test results show that the dynamic characteristics of the sensor, which is composed of a cantilever and a surrounding elastomer, depend on those of the elastomer part. Moreover, no matter how much the resonant frequency of the cantilever is, it can follow the oscillating deformation of the elastomer as long as the oscillation frequency is below the resonant frequency of the combined sensor structure.
In-vivo optical contrast agent dynamics in tumors with MRI co-registration (2003)

The dynamics of optical contrast agents are measured in an adenocarcinoma rat tumor model using a combined frequency-domain and steady-state optical technique. Compartmental modeling of contrast agent dynamics allows quantification of physiologic parameters such as capillary permeability and blood flow. Optically-derived parameters are compared to those measured by contrast-enhanced MRI.
Simultaneous coupling of surface plasmon resonance and photonic bandgap to InGaAs quantum well emission (2016)

A photonic bandgap structure was created on the 100 nm thick GaAs barrier layer with Au nanodisks deposited inside the holes. To mitigate the nonradiative surface recombination of GaAs, the Au nanodisks were formed on top of a 15 nm SiO2 deposited in the holes. A maximum 7.6-fold increase in photoluminescence intensity was obtained at the etch depth of 80 nm. In this configuration, the Au nanodisk is separated from the quantum well by 20 nm of GaAs and 15 nm of SiO2. The experimental result was verified by the simulation based on this structure. There was a good agreement between experiments with simulation results.
Génétique et modèles animaux (2001)

La genetique est la science de la transmission des caracteres hereditaires. Depuis 1944, on connait la molecule sous-tendant cette transmission : l'ADN. La genetique devient alors moleculaire. La demarche habituelle en genetique est de partir de l'observation d'un phenotype, spontane ou obtenu par mutagenese aleatoire, et d'en identifier les bases moleculaires, c'est-a-dire les alterations genetiques responsables. Ainsi, les etudes genetiques de liaison ont-elles permis de decouvrir un certain nombre de genes de maladies monogeniques telles que la mucoviscidose, l'hypercholesterolemie familiale ou encore l'hemochromatose. Depuis les annees 1985, une demarche inverse (constituant la genetique inverse) est de plus en plus frequemment utilisee : un gene particulier etant connu, c'est sa modification in vivo qui permet d'obtenir des renseignements sur sa fonction suivant la nature du phenotype obtenu. Les methodes de la genetique inverse se sont progressivement enrichies ces dernieres annees : d'abord limitees a la souris, elles s'appliquent maintenant dans differentes especes de mammiferes. Initialement limitees a l'insertion aleatoire d'une sequence genique supplementaire (transgenese additive classique), elles englobent aujourd'hui les methodes de mutagenese ciblee utilisant les cellules souches totipotentes ES [1, 2]. D'abord exploitees pour l'invalidation genique (trangenese soustractive par recombinaison homologue, technique du knock-out ou KO), ces methodes ont subi une veritable revolution technique et constituent un vaste domaine d'ingenierie genetique. Aujourd'hui quasiment tous les types de mutations peuvent etre obtenus : mutation ponctuelle, deletion, translocation, insertion en des sites determines d'unites de transcription ou d'elements de regulation. De plus, la modification genique est devenue une intervention precise ne laissant, si besoin est, qu'une cicatrice genetique minimale. Enfin, ces modifications geniques peuvent etre conditionnelles, limitees a un tissu donne, a un stade particulier du developpement, ou peuvent etre declenchees a volonte par l'experimentateur.
Study on fabrication process parameter estimation by visual measurement (2009)

Abstract The cross‐sectional dimensions of the photoresist in the photolithography process are estimated from top‐down scanning electron micrographs for improved control of photolithography conditions. As semiconductor design rules shrink, strict process control is becoming increasingly important. Two primary process parameters in the photolithography process, exposure dose and focus position, require strict control in order to achieve the desired photoresist profile. The relationship between the photoresist profile and changes in these two parameters of photolithography is determined by simulation, and features suitable for estimation of the photoresist profile are identified in conventional images obtained for critical dimension monitoring. Experimental results demonstrate that process parameters can be estimated to within error of 1.0 mJ/cm 2 for exposure dose and 80 nm for focus position, making the proposed method suitable for photolithography process control. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(8): 11–17, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10153
Differentiable Microscopy Designs an All Optical Phase Retrieval Microscope (2022)

Designing new optical systems from the ground up for microscopy imaging tasks such as phase retrieval, requires substantial scientific expertise and creativity. To augment the traditional design process, we propose differentiable microscopy ($\partialμ$), which introduces a top-down design approach. Using all optical phase retrieval as an illustrative example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of data-driven microscopy design through $\partialμ$. Furthermore, we conduct comprehensive comparisons with existing all-optical phase retrieval methods, showcasing the consistent superiority of our learned designs across multiple datasets, including biological samples. To substantiate our ideas, we experimentally validate the functionality of one of the learned designs, providing a proof of concept. The proposed differentiable microscopy framework supplements the creative process of designing new phase microscopy systems and may be extended to other similar applications in optical design.
Mitigating Surgical Skill Decay in Orthopaedics Using Virtual Simulation Learning (2021)

Skill decay mitigation strategies should use best available evidence technologies and course structures that satisfy advanced learning concepts. The virtual curriculum including iVR simulators may provide cost-effective solutions to training.
Embedded Programmable Logic Core Enhancements for System Bus Interfaces (2007)

Programmable logic cores (PLCs) offer a means of providing post-fabrication re-configurability to a SoC design. Circuits implemented in a PLC will inevitably have lower timing performance and logic density than fixed function circuits. This fundamental mismatch makes the design of the interface between the PLC and the rest of the SoC a challenging problem. In this paper we focus on interfaces between circuits implemented in PLCs and SoC system busses. We demonstrate problems with existing implementation options and then propose modifications to parts of the PLC architecture to enable more efficient system bus interfaces. Our results show that, on average, this modified architecture improves interface timing by 36.4%, reduces CLB usage by 7.9% and improves routability by 28.8% for circuits that require system bus interfaces. We show that the area overhead is less than 0.5% for circuits that do not require bus interfaces.
7 GHz-Band Quasi-Elliptic Function Narrow-Band Superconducting Filter on Sapphire Substrate (2006)

We have developed a 7 GHz band superconducting 8-pole quasi-elliptic function filter on sapphire substrate. To realize a high Qu microstrip line resonator at 7 GHz band, the structure was used for a resonator so as to suppress the radiation, which consists of two adjacent radiation points with opposite phase. Also, the radiation decreased in proportion to odd times of half-wavelength. Hairpin microstrip line resonator with 1.5 times wavelengths realized sharp-cut filter characteristic by both high Qu and transmission zeros. Measured center frequency of the 8-pole quasi-elliptic function filter agreed with the designed value. Given these features, a superconducting filter with a sharp skirt characteristic for next-generation RF applications is expected to be realized by applying these filters
Damage detection and estimation of a steel frame through shaking table test and measurements (2004)

We carry out shaking table test using a three-story large-scale steel structure with cementitious devices to detect and estimate damages. The test frame floor height is 1.8m, total height is 5.4m, floor plan is 4mx3m. Shaking table test is carried out at large-scale earthquake simulator facility of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention. Cementitious devices are installed in the center frame of tested structure and devices are actually damaged during the shaking. Two types of identification are tried. One is identification using the data under excitation and the other is identification using the data of before and after of the excitation. In both cases, we use identification method by ARX model. From identified results, natural frequency decreases, damping ratio increases and story stiffness decreases as experienced amplitude increases or input amplitude increases. A model using stick-slip elements is proposed. Natural frequency, damping ratio and story stiffness described by this model are consistent with experimental results. The fitting of the experimental result based on this model is carried out, and skeleton curve got from structural design and fitting result are corresponded well. Damage evaluation method using this fitting results and skeleton curve is proposed.
Antenna coupled detectors for 2D staring focal plane arrays (2013)

Millimeter-wave (mmW)/sub-mmW/THz region of the electro-magnetic spectrum enables imaging thru clothing and other obscurants such as fog, clouds, smoke, sand, and dust. Therefore considerable interest exists in developing low cost millimeter-wave imaging (MMWI) systems. Previous MMWI systems have evolved from crude mechanically scanned, single element receiver systems into very complex multiple receiver camera systems. Initial systems required many expensive mmW integrated-circuit low-noise amplifiers. In order to reduce the cost and complexity of the existing systems, attempts have been made to develop new mmW imaging sensors employing direct detection arrays. In this paper, we report on Raytheon’s recent development of a unique focal plane array technology, which operates broadly from the mmW through the sub-mmW/THz region. Raytheon’s innovative nano-antenna based detector enables low cost production of 2D staring mmW focal plane arrays (mmW FPA), which not only have equivalent sensitivity and performance to existing MMWI systems, but require no mechanical scanning.
A Review of Protein Function Prediction Under Machine Learning Perspective (2013)

Protein function prediction is one of the most challenging problems in the post-genomic era. The number of newly identified proteins has been exponentially increasing with the advances of the high-throughput techniques. However, the functional characterization of these new proteins was not incremented in the same proportion. To fill this gap, a large number of computational methods have been proposed in the literature. Early approaches have explored homology relationships to associate known functions to the newly discovered proteins. Nevertheless, these approaches tend to fail when a new protein is considerably different (divergent) from previously known ones. Accordingly, more accurate approaches, that use expressive data representation and explore sophisticate computational techniques are required. Regarding these points, this review provides a comprehensible description of machine learning approaches that are currently applied to protein function prediction problems. We start by defining several problems enrolled in understanding protein function aspects, and describing how machine learning can be applied to these problems. We aim to expose, in a systematical framework, the role of these techniques in protein function inference, sometimes difficult to follow up due to the rapid evolvement of the field. With this purpose in mind, we highlight the most representative contributions, the recent advancements, and provide an insightful categorization and classification of machine learning methods in functional proteomics.
Cerebral palsy with autism and ADHD: time to pay attention (2020)

This commentary is on the original article by Påhlman et al. on pages 320–327 of this issue.
Soluble VEGF isoforms are essential for establishingepiphyseal vascularization and regulating chondrocyte development and survival (2004)

VEGF is crucial for metaphyseal bone vascularization. In contrast, the angiogenic factors required for vascularization of epiphyseal cartilage are unknown, although this represents a developmentally and clinically important aspect of bone growth. The VEGF gene is alternatively transcribed into VEGF(120), VEGF(164), and VEGF(188) isoforms that differ in matrix association and receptor binding. Their role in bone development was studied in mice expressing single isoforms. Here we report that expression of only VEGF(164) or only VEGF(188) (in VEGF(188/188) mice) was sufficient for metaphyseal development. VEGF(188/188) mice, however, showed dwarfism, disrupted development of growth plates and secondary ossification centers, and knee joint dysplasia. This phenotype was at least partly due to impaired vascularization surrounding the epiphysis, resulting in ectopically increased hypoxia and massive chondrocyte apoptosis in the interior of the epiphyseal cartilage. In addition to the vascular defect, we provide in vitro evidence that the VEGF(188) isoform alone is also insufficient to regulate chondrocyte proliferation and survival responses to hypoxia. Consistent herewith, chondrocytes in or close to the hypoxic zone in VEGF(188/188) mice showed increased proliferation and decreased differentiation. These findings indicate that the insoluble VEGF(188) isoform is insufficient for establishing epiphyseal vascularization and regulating cartilage development during endochondral bone formation.
Experimental results from using a rank and fuse approach for multi-target tracking in CCTV surveillance (2004)

We study a novel approach to the problem of fusion of sensory information in tracking multiple targets in CCTV surveillance video. The approach, called "rank and fuse" (RAF) is based on multiple feature ranking and merging as opposed to a more typical combination of all scores (similarity or probability) in a single ranking. This has the advantages of low computational complexity, easy scalability to multiple features, and low-latency. Experimental results are presented to illustrate two aspects of the RAF approach for a "difficult" example from CCTV surveillance: the advantage of rank versus score combination, and the use of the rank versus score curve to decide which features to fuse.
Semiconductor impurity parameter determination from Schottky junction thermal admittance spectroscopy (2001)

The problem of interpretation of thermal admittance spectroscopy data for semiconductor impurity parameter extraction is considered. Traditional analysis predicts that the Arrhenius plot for conductance peak temperatures is a straight line with the slope proportional to impurity activation energy and the intercept determining its capture cross section. Using a general model of the Schottky junction admittance we show that conductance peak positions strongly depend on the impurity bulk occupation number and potential distribution in the space-charge region, and, as a result, the Arrhenius plot is nonlinear for some semiconductor parameters and experimental conditions, in particular for relatively shallow impurities. In this case, the traditional linear approximation of the Arrhenius plot yields inaccurate values of activation energy and capture cross section. We propose a more accurate procedure for admittance spectroscopy data analysis involving least-squares fitting using the general and the small-signal models of the junction admittance. Although much more computationally intensive, the general model is shown to provide a better fit to the data at low temperatures, where the small-signal approximation is invalid. This approach is applied for an example admittance data and yields a better fit of the theoretical curve to the data and an improved value of activation energy for the nitrogen donor in 6H-SiC.