gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uniform areal-distribution of UV intensity by synchronizing signal-waveforms and position of a UV-LED array (2017)

This paper describes a theoretical approach to give an irradiated area a uniform distribution of LED light intensity by synchronizing the signal waveforms and position control of the LEDs. Although UV-LEDs have attracted considerable attention as alternative light sources for ultraviolet (UV) lithography in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) fabrication, mainly because of their low cost and low power consumption, the realization of a uniform UV intensity over an area remains challenging. Here, we propose a method to achieve a uniform areal intensity within an irradiated area by synchronizing the signal waveform and position of a UV-LED array. To verify our theoretical calculation, we developed a system with a UV-LED array whose position is controlled by a linear actuator. The intensity of the UV-LED array is controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, which is synchronized with the position of the linear actuator. Using this system, we fabricated 2D micropatterns and 3D microstructures with high uniformity in the irradiated area. The proposed method is expected to facilitate practical LED-based lithography in MEMS fabrication.
Novel Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Phenylboronic Acid with Low pKa Using Bis(heptafluorobutyryl)peroxide as Perfluoroalkylation Reagent (1993)

Abstract 3-Acetamido-6-heptafluoropropylphenylboronic acid was synthesized by the perfluoroalkylation of 3-acetamidophenylboronic acid (pKa = 8.3) with bis(heptafluorobutyryl)peroxide. The perfluoroalkylated phenylboronic acid thus prepared was determined to have a low pKa as 6.6 by potentiometric titration. Lowered pKa suggests that the product has an advantage for binding with polyols under physiological pH, opening a wide application in the field of biological as well as material sciences.
<title>Simple scanning near-infrared time-correlated single-photon counting instrument with a pulsed diode laser and avalanche photodiode (APD) for time-resolved measurements in scanning applications with a DNA sequencer</title> (1999)

A simple apparatus for time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurements in the near-infrared (near-IR) region for scanning-type applications has been constructed and examined. The apparatus consisted of five major components including a pulsed diode laser source (lasing wavelength equals 780 nm; repetition rate equals 80 MHz; power equals 5 mW; pulse width equals 150 ps), an integrated microscope, a large photoactive area avalanche photodiode (APD), a TCSPC PC-board including the electronics and a windows-based software package for accumulating the fluorescence decay profiles. The instrument response function of this assembly was found to be 460 ps, which is adequate for measuring lifetimes with (tau) <SUB>f</SUB> greater than or equal to 500 ps. Due to the small size of the device, it also allowed implementation into scanning experiments where lifetimes were measured. To demonstrate this capability, a three-well microscope slide containing a near-IR dye was scanned. The decay profile of the near-IR dye, aluminum 2,3-naphthalocyanine, was collected and analyzed to obtain its lifetime, which was found to be 2.73 ns, in close agreement to literature values for this particular dye. In addition, a three dimensional image of aluminum 2,3- naphthalocyanine fluorescence decays was acquired by scanning the microscope head over this three-well glass slide. In the scanning mode, the IRFs as well as the decays of the dyes were found to be very stable. The device demonstrated a concentration detection sensitivity of 2.33 nM, however, the dynamic range was limited due to the APD and its slow time constant (passive quenching). In addition, this microscope head was installed in a LI-COR DNA Sequencer 4000 for collection of scanning images.
Effects of Dopamine D2 Receptor Partial Agonist Antipsychotic Aripiprazole on Dopamine Synthesis in Human Brain Measured by PET with L-[β-11C]DOPA (2012)

Dopamine D(2) receptor partial agonist antipsychotic drugs can modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission as functional agonists or functional antagonists. The effects of antipsychotics on presynaptic dopaminergic functions, such as dopamine synthesis capacity, might also be related to their therapeutic efficacy. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to examine the effects of the partial agonist antipsychotic drug aripiprazole on presynaptic dopamine synthesis in relation to dopamine D(2) receptor occupancy and the resulting changes in dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy men. On separate days, PET studies with [(11)C]raclopride and L-[β-(11)C]DOPA were performed under resting condition and with single doses of aripiprazole given orally. Occupancy of dopamine D(2) receptors corresponded to the doses of aripiprazole, but the changes in dopamine synthesis capacity were not significant, nor was the relation between dopamine D(2) receptor occupancy and these changes. A significant negative correlation was observed between baseline dopamine synthesis capacity and changes in dopamine synthesis capacity by aripiprazole, indicating that this antipsychotic appears to stabilize dopamine synthesis capacity. The therapeutic effects of aripiprazole in schizophrenia might be related to such stabilizing effects on dopaminergic neurotransmission responsivity.
Tailoring the optoelectronic properties and dielectric profiles of few-layer S-doped MoO3 and O-doped MoS2 nanosheets: a first-principles study (2022)

To gain insights into few layer (FL) van der Waals MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub>/MoS<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>O<sub><i>x</i></sub> heterostructures for photocatalytic applications, we analyze how the concentration (<i>x</i>) and location of anionic isovalent atom (S or O) substitutions impact their opto-electronic properties and high frequency dielectric constant profiles. By using density functional theory (DFT) calculations within the HSE06 functional, we show that the electronic band gap of FL MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub> decreases with increasing <i>x</i>, while the dielectric constant profile and absorption coefficient in the UV-vis range increase. The stronger band gap reductions are obtained when S-atoms are located in the internal bulk region of FL MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub> and in interaction with O-atoms of the neighboring layer. Moreover, the conduction and valence band (CB/VB) levels are shifted to higher energy values in the case of the edge location (external surface) of these S-atoms. Thanks to the determination of the thermodynamic diagrams of 4L MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub> and 6L MoS<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>O<sub><i>x</i></sub>, we propose optimal heterojunctions made of 4L MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub> with either single-layer (SL) or FL MoS<sub>2</sub> with CB/VB levels compatible with a Z-scheme working principle and with potentials required for photocatalysis applications such as the photolysis of water into O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>. This study combined with our previous theoretical investigations on bulk materials and SL provides a thorough analysis of SL-FL MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> heterojunctions where the concentration and location of S-atoms in MoO<sub>3-<i>x</i></sub>S<sub><i>x</i></sub> are key to design efficient materials for water photolysis.
Toward real-time modeling of human heart ventricles at cellular resolution: simulation of drug-induced arrhythmias (2012)

We have developed a highly efficient and scalable cardiac electrophysiology simulation capability that supports groundbreaking resolution and detail to elucidate the mechanisms of sudden cardiac death from arrhythmia. We can simulate thousands of heartbeats at a resolution of 0.1 mm, comparable to the size of cardiac cells, thereby enabling scientific inquiry not previously possible. Based on scaling results from the partially deployed Sequoia IBM Blue Gene/Q machine at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and planned optimizations, we estimate that by SC12 we will simulate 8 -- 10 heartbeats per minute -- a time-to-solution 400 -- 500 times faster than the state-of-the-art. Performance between 8 and 11 PFlop/s on the full 1,572,864 cores is anticipated, representing 40 -- 55 percent of peak. The power of the model is demonstrated by illuminating the subtle arrhythmogenic mechanisms of anti-arrhythmic drugs that paradoxically increase arrhythmias in some patient populations.
The Application of the Continuous Anodic Oxidation Technique for the Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Front-End Structures (2008)

The differential Hall effect CAOT permits rapid accurate measurement of mobility, resistivity, and carrier concentration. For single crystal structures with carrier concentrations less than 1E20 B cm−3 the resistivity‐carrier concentration tracks the A.S.T.M. F‐723 algorithm relationship. Above ∼1E20 B cm−3, a scattering defect mobility component is added to the phononic and coulombic components. This component is significantly greater for beamline implantation than for plasma doping for both single crystal junctions and polysilicon films.
Multi-slice and multi-frame image reconstruction by predictive compressed sensing (2012)

In this paper, we describe a prediction based compressed-sensing approach for multi-slice (same time, different locations) or multi-frame (same location, different time) CT image reconstruction. In this approach, the second slice/frame of a pair of consecutive slices/frames is reconstructed through reconstructing the prediction error image between the first and second slice/frame, using compressed-sensing. This approach exploits the inter-slice/inter-frame correlation and the higher degree of sparsity of the prediction error image to achieve more efficient image reconstruction, i.e., fewer projections for the same image quality or higher image quality for the same number of projections. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated through simulation results.
Yield, its components and pest incidence in mixed intercropping of oats (Avena sativa) and field beans (Vicia faba) (1989)

Seed yields, yield components, pest incidence and damage were examined in two field experiments of mixed intercropping of oats (Avena sativa) with field beans (Vicia faba) in Southern Finland in 1984—1985.The stand types were monocrops and replacement series of mixtures with 2/3 and 1/3 or 1/3 and 2/3 of oats and beans, respectively, on plots treated or not treated with insecticide. In the first season when the overall performance of the crops was poor and the numbers of the main pest Rhopalosiphum padi (Horn., Aphididae) on oats low, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) index indicated an intercropping advantage in the bean yield and a disadvantage in the oat yield, the insecticide treatment having no effect on the overall nor on the relative performance of the component crops. The site used during the second season was of high fertility, thus favouring oats over beans. The LERs indicated no advantage or disadvantage in mixed cropping for either oats or beans when R. padi was not controlled. Spraying against R. padi improved the performance of oats, the mixture with 1/3 oats showing an advantage over the monocrop. Simultaneously, there were signs (p = 0.08) of a reduction in the relative performance of the beans. The indicative results support the hypothesis of interspecific dynamics in compensatory yielding as an element of improved reliability in intercropping. The yield components most sensitive to the change in cropping pattern were the number of panicles per plant in oats and the seed weight in beans, both increasing in the mixtures. Compared to known responses to stand density in monocrops, the beans responded to the mixed cropping in a more specific way than the oats. Mixed cropping increased the numbers of aphids in oats. There were signs of a reduced incidence, but not of a reduced average colony size, of Aphis fabae, and of a reduced rate of notching by Sitona spp. weevils on beans in mixed cropping. The results for damage by the frit fly (Oscinella frit) were inconclusive.
Resveratrol induces pro-apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum stress in human colon cancer cells (2007)

Resveratrol (3,4',5 tri-hydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound highly enriched in grapes and red wine, has been shown to induce anti-proliferation and apoptosis of human cancer cell lines. Resveratrol-induced dose-dependent apoptotic cell death in colon carcinoma cells, was measured by FACS analysis. Treatment of HT29 human colon carcinoma cells with resveratrol was found to induce a number of signature ER stress markers; phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha (eIF-2alpha), ER stress-specific XBP1 splicing and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP). In addition, resveratrol induced up-regulation of glucose-regulated protein (GRP)-78, suggesting the induction of ER stress. Furthermore, the inhibition of caspase-4 activity by z-LEVD-fmk significantly reduced resveratrol-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the present study therefore provides strong evidence to support an important role of ER stress response in mediating the resveratrol-induced apoptosis.
Search for long-lived, heavy particles in final states with a muon and multi-track displaced vertex in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2013)

Many extensions of the Standard Model posit the existence of heavy particles with long lifetimes. In this Letter, results are presented of a search for events containing one or more such particles, which decay at a significant distance from their production point, using a final state containing charged hadrons and an associated muon. This analysis uses a data sample of proton–proton collisions at s=7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Results are interpreted in the context of R-parity violating supersymmetric scenarios. No events in the signal region are observed and limits are set on the production cross section for pair production of supersymmetric particles, multiplied by the square of the branching fraction for a neutralino to decay to charged hadrons and a muon, based on the scenario where both of the produced supersymmetric particles give rise to neutralinos that decay in this way. However, since the search strategy is based on triggering on and reconstructing the decay products of individual long-lived particles, irrespective of the rest of the event, these limits can easily be reinterpreted in scenarios with different numbers of long-lived particles per event. The limits are presented as a function of neutralino lifetime, and for a range of squark and neutralino masses.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. EINIGER SUBSTITUIERTER 10‐AMINO‐10,11‐DIHYDRO‐5H‐DIBENZ(B,F)AZEPINE (1971)

Abstract Die bei der oxidativen Kupplung der chlorsubstituierten o‐Nitrotoluole (I) mit Isoamylnitrit in Gegenwart von Natriumäthylat entstehenden Dibenzyle (II) lassen sich durch katalytische Reduktion leicht in die entsprechenden Diamine überführen.
Design of active antennas for airborne radar applications (2010)

Increase of functions and improvement of performance required on board aircrafts, associated to the limited amount of available areas and volumes to implement the equipments, and with an objective of cost management, drive an approach leading to the reunion of functions operated in various frequency bands, to the reduction of thickness of the antennas and to the standardization of constitutive building blocks. Technical and technology research is being conducted on wideband and multi-band radiating structures, and the overall architecture has to deal with the various requirements, including optimization of performance and reduction of costs.
A New Validation of Spray Penetration Models for Modern Heavy Duty Diesel Fuel Injectors (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The performance of five positive k-factor injector tips has been assessed in this work by analyzing a comprehensive set of injected mass, momentum, and spray measurements. Using high speed shadowgraphs of the injected diesel plumes, the sensitivities of measured vapor penetration and dispersion to injection pressure (100-250MPa) and ambient density (20-52 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) have been compared with the &lt;i&gt;Naber-Siebers&lt;/i&gt; empirical spray model to gain understanding of second order effects of orifice diameter. Varying in size from 137 to 353μm, the orifice diameters and corresponding injector tips are appropriate for a relatively wide range of engine cylinder sizes (from 0.5 to 5L). In this regime, decreasing the orifice exit diameter was found to reduce spray penetration sensitivity to differential injection pressure. The cone angle and k-factored orifice exit diameter were found to be uncorrelated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Measurements of injector rate shape, orifice discharge coefficients, spray cone angle, and vapor penetration have also been reconciled with one-dimensional transient computational simulations (&lt;i&gt;Musculus and Kattke)&lt;/i&gt; to assess fuel injector tip performance and to evaluate predictive capability. A constant cone angle offset (i.e. reduction) of 2°, applied to all data is required to reconcile measured and simulated spray vapor penetration. A judicious choice of time after injection to determine cone angle is necessary to distinguish effects of ambient density for all injectors considered in this work. Over a wide range of ambient conditions, vapor penetration measurements agree with simulated values to within 0.6% mean error, bolstering confidence in the model, particularly for larger orifice diameters. The measurements in this work constitute a crucial data set for understanding the performance of heavy-duty diesel injectors and for validating spray models at relevant conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 4 from Brain Tumor Cells in Circulation Are Enriched for Mesenchymal Gene Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of patient and xenograft single cell qRT-PCR expression data.&lt;/p&gt;
Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Long Short-Term Memory Networks (2023)

Continual learning on sequential data is critical for many machine learning (ML) deployments. Unfortunately, LSTM networks, which are commonly used to learn on sequential data, suffer from catastrophic forgetting and are limited in their ability to learn multiple tasks continually. We discover that catastrophic forgetting in LSTM networks can be overcome in two novel and readily-implementable ways -- separating the LSTM memory either for each task or for each target label. Our approach eschews the need for explicit regularization, hypernetworks, and other complex methods. We quantify the benefits of our approach on recently-proposed LSTM networks for computer memory access prefetching, an important sequential learning problem in ML-based computer system optimization. Compared to state-of-the-art weight regularization methods to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, our approach is simple, effective, and enables faster learning. We also show that our proposal enables the use of small, non-regularized LSTM networks for complex natural language processing in the offline learning scenario, which was previously considered difficult.
Efficiency Optimization on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells With Low-Frequency Noise Analysis (2010)

The effects of time durations for ZnO nanorod growth and dye loading on a ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cell's efficiency and 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> low-frequency noise (LFN) spectral were analyzed. Sufficient time durations for ZnO growth and dye loading were required for achieving optimum photoconversion efficiency. Extending these two time parameters beyond the optimal, however, reduced the efficiency due to nanorod defects and dye agglomerations. The mechanisms inducing the change in the efficiency was reflected in the LFN spectral and explained on the basis of Kleinpenning's noise equation and excessive noises in the presence of structural defects.
Assessing the influence of Bt crops on natural enemies. (2005)

The iodide transporter of the thyroid (NIS) has been cloned by the group of Carrasco. The NIS-mediated transport was studied by electrophysiological methods in NIS-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Using this method, the anion selectivity of NIS was different from that previously reported for thyroid cells, whereas perchlorate and perrhenate were found not transported. In this study we compared the properties of human NIS, stably transfected in COS-7 cells to those of the transport in a thyroid cell line, the FRTL5 cells, by measuring the transport directly. We measured the uptake of (125)I(-), (186)ReO(4)(-), and (99m)TcO(4)(-) and studied the effect on it of known competing anions, i.e. ClO(4)(-), SCN(-), ClO(3)(-), ReO(4)(-), and Br(-). We conclude that the properties of the NIS transporter account by themselves for the properties of the thyroid iodide transporter as described previously in thyroid slices. The order of affinity was: ClO(4)(-) > ReO(4)(-) > I(-) >/= SCN(-) > ClO(3)(-) > Br(-). NIS is also inhibited by dysidenin (as in dog thyroid).
The Design and Implementation of FFTW3 (2005)

FFTW is an implementation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that adapts to the hardware in order to maximize performance. This paper shows that such an approach can yield an implementation that is competitive with hand-optimized libraries, and describes the software structure that makes our current FFTW3 version flexible and adaptive. We further discuss a new algorithm for real-data DFTs of prime size, a new way of implementing DFTs by means of machine-specific single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) instructions, and how a special-purpose compiler can derive optimized implementations of the discrete cosine and sine transforms automatically from a DFT algorithm.
22.2: Printable Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices (2008)

Abstract This paper reports on a new approach to full‐color printable phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (P 2 OLEDs). Unlike conventional solution processed OLEDs that contain conjugated polymers in the emissive layer, the P 2 OLEDs emissive layer consists of small molecule hosts and dopants. We present a red P 2 OLED that exhibits luminous efficiency of 9 cd/A and a projected lifetime of 53,000 hrs from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m 2 , a green P 2 OLED with luminous efficiency of 35 cd/A and a projected lifetime 52,000 hrs from an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 , a light blue P 2 OLED with luminous efficiencies of 18 cd/A and a projected lifetime 3,000 hrs from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m 2 , and a blue P 2 OLED with luminous efficiencies of 6 cd/A and a projected lifetime 1,000 hrs from an initial luminance of 500 cd/m 2 .
Automatic Acquisition of Phrase Grammars for Stochastic Language Modeling (1998)

Phrase-based language models have been recognized to have an advantage over word-based language models since they allow us to capture long spanning dependencies. Class based language models have been used to improve model generalization and overcome problems with data sparseness. In this paper, we present a novel approach for combining the phrase acquisition with class construction process to automatically acquire phrase-grammar fragments from a given corpus. The phrase-grammar learning is decomposed into two sub-problems, namely the phrase acquisition and feature selection. The phrase acquisition is based on entropy minimization and the feature selection. is driven by the entropy reduction principle. We further demonstrate that the phrasegrammar based n-gram language model significantly outperforms a phrase-based n-gram language model in an end-to-end evaluation of a spoken language application.
Size Control in the Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticle Catalysts. (2015)

Abstract not provided.