gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Customization of an InHouse XAFS Spectrometer for Sulfur Measurement (2005)

In-house XAFS spectrometers suitable for routine experiments are getting fairly popular today. One of the problems of such apparatus is the capability to study low atomic number materials. In general, elements with atomic number 20 i.e. Ca and below is difficult to measure because absorption of air becomes large. In this energy region, very important elements for environmental studies, such as S and P are involved. Either an evacuated or a He-filled x-ray path is required for getting enough photons in the low energy region. Since most in-house XAFS spectrometers apply Rowland Circle configuration, the spectrometer shows fairly complicated movement during energy scan. Varying the distance between the x-ray source and the bent crystal requires bellows for evacuating the x-ray path or substituting by He, but it restricts the spectrometer scanning range, especially on the low angle side. However, the low angle range (i.e. 30 to 60 degree) is most commonly used and x-rays are efficiently collected in this range. We have customized a commercial XAFS spectrometer to be capable for energies as low as 2 keV for sulfur measurement without sacrificing its scanning range.
A single transverse-mode monolithically integrated long vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2005)

We present a fully monolithic long vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser operating in the fundamental TEM/sub 00/ transverse mode with output powers up to 7.8 mW. The lasing wavelength is 980 nm and the threshold is 9.1 mA. Pump currents from threshold to rollover produce an output beam with an M/sup 2/<1.08. The laser consists of an InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs gain region/semiconductor mirror bonded to a 0.5-mm-thick glass substrate with an integrated curved mirror.
Prolactinomas resistant to standard doses of cabergoline: a multicenter study of 92 patients (2012)

CAB-resistant prolactinomas remain a serious concern. Surgical debulking, newer therapeutic strategies, and early diagnosis of genetic forms could help to improve their outcome.
Inhibited Maturation of Ter119+CD71+ Erythroid Precursors in Mice with Chronic Sterile Abscess. (2008)

Abstract Anemia associated with inflammation or chronic disease (AICD) is a mild, normocytic, normochromic anemia that is additionally characterized by a blunted response of erythroid precursors to erythropoietin, decreased erythrocyte survival, adequate or increased iron in macrophages, and low serum iron. AICD is classically associated with chronic disease states that generate systemic inflammatory mediators, including rheumatoid arthritis, infections, severe trauma, congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, and cancer. Many laboratory animal models of AICD have been developed based on relatively short periods of inflammation (less than 24 hours) and resulting hypoferremia. To investigate the anemia associated with chronic inflammation, we induced experimental chronic sterile abscess in C57BL/6 mice. Three weeks of abscess resulted in a mild anemia similar to that of mice with chronic over-expression of the hepcidin (hepc) transgene, but additionally characterized by moderately elevated interleukin-6 production. We previously found hepc transgenic mice have significantly reduced serum iron and non-heme liver iron concentrations, but we found no significant reduction in serum iron concentration or liver non-heme iron stores in mice with abscess at this time point. To better understand changes in erythroid precursor development in the sterile abscess model, we analyzed markers of erythroid maturation in mouse bone marrow. Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow erythroid progenitor-precursors revealed elevated mean CD71 expression in Ter119+CD71+ precursors from mice with sterile abscess as compared to controls. This result suggests a greater proportion of Ter119+CD71+ precursors are less mature in mice with abscess. These data support the hypothesis that chronic inflammation may continue to inhibit maturation of erythroid precursors even after iron sequestration is relieved. Mice with sterile abscess are a valuable in vivo model for assessment of the various regulatory systems contributing to AICD.
An LPI design for secure OFDM systems (2012)

Traditional OFDM systems present some embedded features that may be exploited in order to intercept the wireless transmitted signal. However, such a possibility is not accepted in military applications where security is a very important issue. Cyclic prefix is one of the most obvious OFDM parameters that induce cyclostationarity features. Aiming to suppress these features, some classical solutions in literature propose to entirely remove the cyclic extension so that additional processing is needed to eliminate the inter-symbol interference. In this paper we propose two techniques that, when combined, allow to eliminate cyclostationary and spectral features of the OFDM waveform, while maintaining the cyclic prefix advantages. The cyclic-prefix size in each OFDM symbol is varied pseudo-randomly so that cyclostationary features are suppressed. Moreover, a pseudo-random frequency jitter is introduced to the carrier frequency in order to mask subcarrier spectral lines. Once these techniques are applied, the designed system is said to generate a low-probability-of-intercept waveform. Finally, performance in multipath channels is investigated and shown to be effective.
The Potencies of Thapsigargin and Analogues as Activators of Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells (1986)

A number of naturally occurring polyacylated guaianolides, structurally related to thapsigargin (1), are demonstrated to be potent activators of rat peritoneal mast cells. In order to characterize the structural requirements necessary for possessing this effect, a number of analogues are prepared and the activities are tested. The potencies of the natural products were positively correlated with their k'-values, as established by reverse-phase HPLC. The positive correlation could be expanded to partly hydrolyzed or partly hydrogenated derivatives. In contrast, derivatives not possessing the vicinal trans-dihydroxy moiety found in thapsigargin (1) have lost the structural requirements necessary for potently inducing a histamine release. Thus, lipophilicity is only one of the factors of importance for potency, another is the presence of the vicinal trans-dihydroxy moiety. The potency of one of the naturally occurring guaianolides, thapsigargicin (2), was only poorly predicted by the correlation.
Imperceptible Patterns for Reliable Acquisition of Mixed Reality Environments (2005)

Projection-based mixed and augmented reality settings often require concurrent optical camera acquisition. Unfortunately, the grabbed images frequently capture the projected imagery in addition to the desired scenery, introducing undesired interference and complicating image analysis. To efficiently improve signal-to-noise ratio, we present a method allowing the acquisition to take place under controlled illumination conditions. By exploiting the micro-mirror modulation pattern used by Digital Light Processing (DLP) projectors, a pixel-level control of light can be achieved. Since the patterns are imperceptible to the human eye and only slightly degrade the projected images, structured light techniques are introduced into humaninhabited mixed and augmented reality environments, where they often were too intrusive previously. This extended abstract gives an overview of the proposed embedding and illustrates feasibility and usefulness of the approach with representative example applications.
Fast-SNARF: A Fast Deformer for Articulated Neural Fields (2023)

Neural fields have revolutionized the area of 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis of rigid scenes. A key challenge in making such methods applicable to articulated objects, such as the human body, is to model the deformation of 3D locations between the rest pose (a canonical space) and the deformed space. We propose a new articulation module for neural fields, Fast-SNARF, which finds accurate correspondences between canonical space and posed space via iterative root finding. Fast-SNARF is a drop-in replacement in functionality to our previous work, SNARF, while significantly improving its computational efficiency. We contribute several algorithmic and implementation improvements over SNARF, yielding a speed-up of 150×. These improvements include voxel-based correspondence search, pre-computing the linear blend skinning function, and an efficient software implementation with CUDA kernels. Fast-SNARF enables efficient and simultaneous optimization of shape and skinning weights given deformed observations without correspondences (e.g. 3D meshes). Because learning of deformation maps is a crucial component in many 3D human avatar methods and since Fast-SNARF provides a computationally efficient solution, we believe that this work represents a significant step towards the practical creation of 3D virtual humans.
Enhanced activity of selenocyanate-containing transition metal chalcogenides supported by nitrogen-doped carbon materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (2019)

The SeCN<sup>−</sup> containing transition metal chalcogenides supported by nitrogen-doped carbon catalyzes the ORR activity.
Intrinsic Autoencoders for Joint Deferred Neural Rendering and Intrinsic Image Decomposition (2020)

Neural rendering techniques promise efficient photorealistic image synthesis while providing rich control over scene parameters by learning the physical image formation process. While several supervised methods have been proposed for this task, acquiring a dataset of images with accurately aligned 3D models is very difficult. The main contribution of this work is to lift this restriction by training a neural rendering algorithm from unpaired data. We propose an autoencoder for joint generation of realistic images from synthetic 3D models while simultaneously decomposing real images into their intrinsic shape and appearance properties. In contrast to a traditional graphics pipeline, our approach does not require to specify all scene properties, such as material parameters and lighting by hand. Instead, we learn photo-realistic deferred rendering from a small set of 3D models and a larger set of unaligned real images, both of which are easy to acquire in practice. Simultaneously, we obtain accurate intrinsic decompositions of real images while not requiring paired ground truth. Our experiments confirm that a joint treatment of rendering and decomposition is indeed beneficial and that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art image-to-image translation baselines both qualitatively and quantitatively.
A Compact Clinical Instrument for Quantifying Suppression (2010)

Combining the new apparatus and new psychophysical method creates a convenient and rapid technique for parametric measurement of interocular suppression. In addition, this apparatus constitutes the ideal platform for suppressors to combine information between their eyes in a similar way to binocularly normal people. This provides a convenient way for clinicians to implement the newly proposed binocular treatment of amblyopia that is based on antisuppression training.
Elastography Assessment of Liver Fibrosis (2016)

Barr, Richard G. MD, PhD; Ferraioli, Giovanna MD; Palmeri, Mark L. MD, PhD; Goodman, Zachary D. MD, PhD; Garcia-Tsao, Guadalupe MD; Rubin, Jonathan MD, PhD; Garra, Brian MD; Myers, Robert P. MD, MSc; Wilson, Stephanie R. MD; Rubens, Deborah MD; Levine, Deborah MD Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Induced Zipper Reactions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Terminal differentiation is not a major determinant for the success of stem cell therapy - cross-talk between muscle-derived stem cells and host cells (2011)

We have found that when muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) are implanted into a variety of tissues only a small fraction of the donor cells can be found within the regenerated tissues and the vast majority of cells are host derived. This observation has also been documented by other investigators using a variety of different stem cell types. It is speculated that the transplanted stem cells release factors that modulate repair indirectly by mobilizing the host's cells and attracting them to the injury site in a paracrine manner. This process is loosely called a 'paracrine mechanism', but its effects are not necessarily restricted to the injury site. In support of this speculation, it has been reported that increasing angiogenesis leads to an improvement of cardiac function, while inhibiting angiogenesis reduces the regeneration capacity of the stem cells in the injured vascularized tissues. This observation supports the finding that most of the cells that contribute to the repair process are indeed chemo-attracted to the injury site, potentially through host neo-angiogenesis. Since it has recently been observed that cells residing within the walls of blood vessels (endothelial cells and pericytes) appear to represent an origin for post-natal stem cells, it is tempting to hypothesize that the promotion of tissue repair, via neo-angiogenesis, involves these blood vessel-derived stem cells. For non-vascularized tissues, such as articular cartilage, the regenerative property of the injected stem cells still promotes a paracrine, or bystander, effect, which involves the resident cells found within the injured microenvironment, albeit not through the promotion of angiogenesis. In this paper, we review the current knowledge of post-natal stem cell therapy and demonstrate the influence that implanted stem cells have on the tissue regeneration and repair process. We argue that the terminal differentiation capacity of implanted stem cells is not the major determinant of the cells regenerative potential and that the paracrine effect imparted by the transplanted cells plays a greater role in the regeneration process.
Deriving Carbon Atomic Chains from Graphene (2009)

Stable and rigid carbon atomic chains were experimentally realized by removing carbon atoms row by row from graphene through the controlled energetic electron irradiation inside a transmission electron microscope. The observed structural dynamics of carbon atomic chains such as formation, migration, and breakage were well explained by density-functional theory calculations. The method we reported here is promising to investigate all-carbon-based devices with the carbon atomic chains as the conducting channel, which can be regarded as the ultimate basic component of molecular devices.
Dendrimer Complexes Based on Fine-Controlled Metal Assembling (2006)

Abstract A series of novel dendrimers composed of dendritic phenylazomethines (DPAs) were synthesized with several types of functional cores. The metal assembling to the DPAs is stepwise by the layers, therefore, they can be used as a scaffold for the precise hybridization between metal ions and organic macromolecules. Because of uniform structure of the dendrimer, there is no structural dispersion in the macromolecule–metal hybrid of the DPAs. Also, the number of metal ions loaded in one dendrimer should have no statistical distribution in principle due to the precise metal assembling. A rigid π-conjugating backbone structure contributes not only to the stepwise metal assembly, but also to the solid-state stability under high temperature. Development of this property without any reduction in solubility in organic media enabled the easy preparation of homogeneous amorphous films in which the metal and macromolecule are precisely hybridized. As a result, the thin solid of the metal-assembling dendrimer acts as an excellent organic semiconductor in the hole-transport layer of a light-emitting diode. Metal-assembling DPAs also enhance the electron-transfer reaction as a protein-like catalyst. The DPA having a cobalt porphyrin core-could catalyze the CO2 reduction at an applied overpotential 1.1 V lower than that needed for the catalysis by a model compound of the porphyrin core (CoTPP). Reversible encapsulation/release of multiple irons is also demonstrated as a mimic of the iron storage protein (Ferritin). The switching between these two coordinating states can be completely controlled by the redox states of the iron (FeII/FeIII). The finding of these unique dendritic ligands will afford new insight into molecular design for finely controlled macromolecule–metal hybrid materials.
Pretransitional fluctuations in the isotropic phase of a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (2004)

We have studied isotropic-to-nematic pretransitional fluctuations in an aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) by static and dynamic light scattering. Cromolyn is a representative of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals with building units being elongated rods formed by aggregates of disk-like molecules. By combining light-scattering and viscosity measurements we have determined the correlation length and relaxation time of the orientational order-parameter fluctuations and estimated the size of the cromolyn aggregates. The pretransitional behavior of light scattering does not completely follow the classic Landau-de Gennes model. This feature is most probably associated with the variable length of cromolyn aggregates. We have observed a dramatic increase of the shear viscosity near the transition to the nematic phase, the fact which correlates with the idea of growing supramolecular aggregates. The steep temperature dependence of the viscosity is accompanied by a practically temperature-independent translational diffusion coefficient.
Multi-site genetic analysis of diffusion images and voxelwise heritability analysis: A pilot project of the ENIGMA-DTI working group (2013)

The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium was set up to analyze brain measures and genotypes from multiple sites across the world to improve the power to detect genetic variants that influence the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) yields quantitative measures sensitive to brain development and degeneration, and some common genetic variants may be associated with white matter integrity or connectivity. DTI measures, such as the fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion, may be useful for identifying genetic variants that influence brain microstructure. However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) require large populations to obtain sufficient power to detect and replicate significant effects, motivating a multi-site consortium effort. As part of an ENIGMA-DTI working group, we analyzed high-resolution FA images from multiple imaging sites across North America, Australia, and Europe, to address the challenge of harmonizing imaging data collected at multiple sites. Four hundred images of healthy adults aged 18-85 from four sites were used to create a template and corresponding skeletonized FA image as a common reference space. Using twin and pedigree samples of different ethnicities, we used our common template to evaluate the heritability of tract-derived FA measures. We show that our template is reliable for integrating multiple datasets by combining results through meta-analysis and unifying the data through exploratory mega-analyses. Our results may help prioritize regions of the FA map that are consistently influenced by additive genetic factors for future genetic discovery studies. Protocols and templates are publicly available at (http://enigma.loni.ucla.edu/ongoing/dti-working-group/).
Drug discrimination in pentylenetetrazol‐trained baboons: Generalization to buspirone and β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acid ethyl ester but not lorazepam or pentobarbital (1989)

Abstract Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) has been characterized as producing anxiogenic effects in humans and rats, and PTZ drug discrimination procedures in rats have been used to categorize drug effects as anxiogenic. In the present study, baboons trained to discriminate a subconvulsant dose of PTZ from the no‐drug condition showed dose‐dependent generalization to PTZ and to β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylic acid ethyl esther [β‐CCE; a benzodiazepine (BZ)‐receptor inverse agonist] but no generalization to the BZ‐receptor antagonist Ro 15‐1788 (flumazenil). Ro‐1788 produced surmountable antagonism of the β‐CCE discriminative stimulus. The novel anxiolytic buspirone also occasioned 100% drug lever responding in the PTZ‐trained baboons, although lorazepam and pentobarbital did not. Results with the 5HT ligand 8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino)tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) were mixed. Lorazepam but not buspirone antagonized PTZ. Observations of baboons after PTZ, buspirone, and β‐CCE at doses occasioning PTZ lever responding showed that tremors and agitation occurred after buspirone but not after β‐CCE or PTZ.
Impact of bifurcation lesion on 10-year mortality in the SYNTAX trial (2022)

Abstract Background Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of bifurcation lesions is associated with higher rates of adverse events, and currently it is unclear whether PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the safer treatment for these patients at very long-term follow up. Objectives To investigate the impact of bifurcation lesions on observed all-cause 10-year mortality in the SYNTAX trial. Methods In the SYNTAX Extended Survival study, 10-year observed mortality was compared among four groups: (a) presence of ≥1 bifurcation lesion and treatment with PCI (n=649), (b) no bifurcation lesion and treatment with PCI (n=248), (c) presence of ≥1 bifurcation lesion and treatment with CABG (n=651), and (d) no bifurcation lesion and treatment with CABG (n=239). Results Compared to patients without bifurcations, those with bifurcation lesion(s) treated with PCI had a significantly higher risk of all-cause death (19.8% vs 30.1%; HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.14; p=0.007), whereas following CABG, mortality was similar in patients with or without bifurcation lesion(s) (23.3% vs 23.0%; HR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.12; p=0.207). (Figure1) There was a significant interaction between bifurcation lesion(s) and treatment arm (p for interaction=0.006). In PCI patients, at 5-years there was no significant difference in mortality between 1- vs 2-stent techniques, whereas at 10-years, a 2-stent technique was associated with higher mortality (33.3% vs 25.9%; HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.14; p=0.021, Figure2). Conclusions Bifurcation lesion(s) require special attention from the heart team discussion, considering the higher 10-year all-cause mortality associated with PCI. Careful evaluation of bifurcation lesion complexity may be helpful in decision-making. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The SYNTAX Extended Survival study was supported by the German Foundation of Heart Research (Frankfurt am Main, Germany). The SYNTAX trial, during 0-5 years follow-up, was funded by Boston Scientific Corporation (Marlborough, MA, USA). Both sponsors had no role in the study design, data collection, data analyses, and interpretation of the study data, nor were involved in the decision to publish the final manuscript. The principal investigators and authors had complete scientific freedom.