gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies to distinct regions of human myelin proteolipid protein simultaneously recognize central nervous system myelin and neurons of many vertebrate species (2006)

Myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), the major protein of mammalian CNS myelin, is a member of the proteolipid gene family (pgf). It is an evolutionarily conserved polytopic integral membrane protein and a potential autoantigen in multiple sclerosis (MS). To analyze antibody recognition of PLP epitopes in situ, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for different regions of human PLP (50-69, 100-123, 139-151, 178-191, 200-219, 264-276) were generated and used to immunostain CNS tissues of representative vertebrates. mAbs to each region recognized whole human PLP on Western blots; the anti-100-123 mAb did not recognize DM-20, the PLP isoform that lacks residues 116-150. All of the mAbs stained fixed, permeabilized oligodendrocytes and mammalian and avian CNS tissue myelin. Most of the mAbs also stained amphibian, teleost, and elasmobranch CNS myelin despite greater diversity of their pgf myelin protein sequences. Myelin staining was observed when there was at least 40% identity of the mAb epitope and known pgf myelin proteins of the same or related species. The pgf myelin proteins of teleosts and elasmobranchs lack 116-150; the anti-100-123 mAb did not stain their myelin. In addition to myelin, the anti-178-191 mAb stained many neurons in all species; other mAbs stained distinct neuron subpopulations in different species. Neuronal staining was observed when there was at least approximately 30% identity of the PLP mAb epitope and known pgf neuronal proteins of the same or related species. Thus, anti-human PLP epitope mAbs simultaneously recognize CNS myelin and neurons even without extensive sequence identity. Widespread anti-PLP mAb recognition of neurons suggests a novel potential pathophysiologic mechanism in MS patients, i.e., that anti-PLP antibodies associated with demyelination might simultaneously recognize pgf epitopes in neurons, thereby affecting their functions.
A Distributed Critical-Path Timing Monitor for a 65nm High-Performance Microprocessor (2007)

A distributed critical-path timing monitor (CPM) is designed as part of the POWER6trade microprocessor in 65nm SOI. The CPM is capable of monitoring timing margin, process variation, localized noise and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> droop, or clock stability. It tracks critical-path delay to within 3 FO2 delays at extreme operating voltages with a standard deviation less than frac12 an FO2 delay. The CPM detects DC V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> droops greater than 10mV and tracks timing changes greater than 1 FO2 delay.
ChemInform Abstract: Conceptual Background for the Conversion of Hydrocarbons on Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Porous Polymer Monoliths Functionalized through Copolymerization of a C60 Fullerene-Containing Methacrylate Monomer for Highly Efficient Separations of Small Molecules (2011)

Monolithic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) capillary columns, which incorporate the new monomer [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester, have been prepared and their chromatographic performance have been tested for the separation of small molecules in the reversed phase. While addition of the C60-fullerene monomer to the glycidyl methacrylate-based monolith enhanced column efficiency 18-fold, to 85,000 plates/m at a linear velocity of 0.46 mm/s and a retention factor of 2.6, when compared to the parent monolith, the use of butyl methacrylate together with the carbon nanostructured monomer afforded monolithic columns with an efficiency for benzene exceeding 110,000 plates/m at a linear velocity of 0.32 mm/s and a retention factor of 4.2. This high efficiency is unprecedented for separations using porous polymer monoliths operating in an isocratic mode. Optimization of the chromatographic parameters affords near baseline separation of 6 alkylbenzenes in 3 min with an efficiency of 64,000 plates/m. The presence of 1 wt % or more of water in the polymerization mixture has a large effect on both the formation and reproducibility of the monoliths. Other factors such as nitrogen exposure, polymerization conditions, capillary filling method, and sonication parameters were all found to be important in producing highly efficient and reproducible monoliths.
UV inspection of EUV and SCALPEL reticles (2001)

A UV inspection tool has been used to image and inspect Next Generation Lithography (NGL) reticles. Inspection images and simulations have been used to provide feedback to mask makers so that inspectability of NGL masks can be optimized. SCALPEL masks have high optical contrast and look much the same in reflection as conventional chrome on glass masks do in transmission. EPL stencil masks can be imaged well in reflection, but defects below the top surface, in the cutouts, may not be detectable optically. EUV masks that have been made to date tend to have relatively low contrast, with line edge profiles that are complex due to interference effects. Simulation results show that improved EUV inspection images can be obtained with a low reflectivity absorbing layer and proper choice of buffer layer thickness.
Second-harmonic generation from nanoscopic metal tips: Symmetry selection rules for single asymmetric nanostructures (2005)

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) from individual nanoscopic metal tips has been investigated. Compared to both planar interfaces, as well as spherical or ellipsoidal nanoparticles, very different polarization selection rules and SH-emission directions result. As a partially asymmetric nanostructure the tip allows for the distinction of otherwise inseparable local surface and nonlocal bulk second-harmonic polarizations. This provides opportunities for second-harmonic investigations of nanoparticles and in scattering-type near field microscopy.
A simple battery model for EV range prediction: Theory and experimental validation (2016)

A reliable and accurate estimation of the parameters of batteries equivalent models is of paramount importance in many applications. This paper is focused on electric vehicle framework. A simplified method for estimating these parameters is presented and validated. The proposed methodology introduces the concept of apparent state of discharge (ASOD), i.e., the traditional state of discharge adjusted in order to take into account the effects of current and temperature. This ASOD is, then, used to estimate the open circuit voltage and, consequently, the output voltage of the battery cells. The effectiveness of this method has been experimentally tested on a real Lithium-ion cell in order to estimate the expected range of an electric vehicle.
Neuronal necrosis is regulated by a conserved chromatin-modifying cascade (2014)

Neuronal necrosis induced by calcium overload causes devastating brain dysfunction in diseases such as stroke and brain trauma. It has been considered a stochastic event lacking genetic regulation, and pharmacological means to suppress neuronal necrosis are lacking. Using a Drosophila model of calcium overloading, we found JIL-1/mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1/2 is a regulator of neuronal necrosis through phosphorylation of histone H3 serine 28 (H3S28ph). Further, we identified its downstream events including displacement of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and activation of Trithorax (Trx). To test the role of JIL-1/PRC1/Trx cascade in mammals, we studied the necrosis induced by glutamate in rat cortical neuron cultures and rodent models of brain ischemia and found the cascade is activated in these conditions and inhibition of the cascade suppresses necrosis in vitro and in vivo. Together, our research demonstrates that neuronal necrosis is regulated by a chromatin-modifying cascade, and this discovery may provide potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for neuronal necrosis.
Stem Cells and Biomaterials: The Tissue Engineering Approach (2010)

Regenerative medicine is an interdisciplinary field of medical science that brings together the principles of tissue engineering and the life sciences to develop biologic “components” for the maintenance, regeneration, and replacement of tissue and organs. The principal components of regenerative medicine are cells, scaffolds, and specific physical, chemical, and biochemical signals that replicate the natural microenvironments within the body.
Combined Effects of Functional Groups, Lattice Defects, and Edges in the Infrared Spectra of Graphene Oxide (2015)

Infrared spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations has been widely used to characterize the structure of graphene oxide and its reduced forms. Yet, the synergistic effects of different functional groups, lattice defects, and edges on the vibrational spectra are not well understood. Here, we report first-principles calculations of the infrared spectra of graphene oxide performed on realistic, thermally equilibrated, structural models that incorporate lattice vacancies and edges along with various oxygen-containing functional groups. Models including adsorbed water are examined as well. Our results show that lattice vacancies lead to important blue and red shifts in the OH stretching and bending bands, respectively, whereas the presence of adsorbed water leaves these shifts largely unaffected. We also find unique infrared features for edge carboxyls resulting from interactions with both nearby functional groups and the graphene lattice. Comparison of the computed vibrational properties to our experiments clarifies the origin of several observed features and provides evidence that defects and edges are essential for characterizing and interpreting the infrared spectrum of graphene oxide.
Crystal Plane Effects on Charge Storage in Cerium Oxide Nano Structures (2018)

Nano cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) is gaining a lot of attention as an electrochemical energy storage material. However, the crystal plane effects of CeO 2 on energy storage remain largely unexplored. In this regard, two different CeO 2 nano structures: nanoparticles (CNPs) and nanocubes (CNCs) with specifically exposed crystal planes were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process. Structural characterization using TEM revealed CNPs were enclosed by {111} and {100} surfaces, and CNCs were enclosed by six {100} surfaces. The specific surface areas analyzed estimated by BET for CNPs and CNCs were 44 m 2 /g and 38.3 m 2 /g, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the nanostructures were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques with 3M KOH electrolyte. The experiments revealed that the exposed crystal planes have a more profound effect on the supercapacitance of the nanostructures than the surface area. Despite the slightly lower specific surface area, CNCs dominated by the high energy surface {100} showed considerably higher (69%) specific capacitance than the low energy {111} dominated CNPs. The difference in charge storage between CNCs and CNPs was increasingly wider with the decrease in scan rate. This suggested that the charge storage in CNCs took places both surface and bulk, but was restricted to the surface in CNPs. The difference in charge storage at the surface and bulk were also quantified using electrochemical analysis. Reactivity maps of the nanostructures, generated using molecular dynamics simulation, were in good agreement with our experimental findings. Thus, this study demonstrates how charge storage in supercapacitors can be improved by selecting redox active nanomaterial with highly exposed redox active crystal planes.
Synthesis of Hierarchical MOR-Type Zeolites with Improved Catalytic Properties (2021)

Hierarchical MOR-type zeolites were synthesized in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a porogen agent. XRD proved that the concentration of CTAB in the synthesis medium plays an essential role in forming pure hierarchical MOR-type material. Above a CTAB concentration of 0.04 mol·L<sup>-1</sup>, amorphous materials are observed. These hierarchical mordenite possess a higher porous volume compared to its counterpart conventional micrometer crystals. Nitrogen sorption showed the presence of mesoporosity for all mordenite samples synthesized in the presence of CTAB. The creation of mesopores due to the presence of CTAB in the synthesis medium does not occur at the expense of zeolite micropores. In addition, mesoporous volume and BET surface seem to increase upon the increase of CTAB concentration in the synthesis medium. The Si/Al ratio of the zeolite framework can be increased from 5.5 to 9.1 by halving the aluminum content present in the synthesis gel. These synthesized hierarchical MOR-type zeolites possess an improved catalytic activity for <i>n</i>-hexane cracking compared to large zeolite crystals obtained in the absence of CTAB.
The VITA 49 Analog RF-Digital Interface (2012)

Over the last several years, the interface between the digital and analog RF subsystems of a radio (the analog RF-digital interface) has become increasingly important. this article first discusses the different technology alternatives that exist for this interface and the rationale behind them. the emergence of cognitive radio technology is identified as a trend that increases the importance of the analog RF-digital interface. then the article discusses in detail the VmE bus International trade association (VIta) 49 standard. VIta 49 is a packet-based protocol to convey digitized signal data and metadata (or context data) pertaining to different reference points within a radio receiver. the metadata includes analog front-end parameters such as RF center frequency, bandwidth, If center frequency, sampling rate, gain, location, etc. this standard allows all information about the spectrum as seen by a radio at its antenna to be described, stored, and transported to other systems. VIta 49 is identified as a hierarchical radio description language that is a new paradigm for radio architectures.
Separation of pathogenic bacteria by chain length (2017)

Using Deterministic Lateral Displacement devices optimized for sensitivity to particle length, we separate subpopulations of bacteria depending on known properties that affect their capability to cause disease (virulence). For the human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacterial chain length and the presence of a capsule are known virulence factors contributing to its ability to cause severe disease. Separation of cultured pneumococci into subpopulations based on morphological type (single cocci, diplococci and chains) will enable more detailed studies of the role they play in virulence. Moreover, we present separation of mixed populations of almost genetically identical encapsulated and non-encapsulated pneumococcal strains in our device.
Analysis of transmission line structures using a new image-mode Green's function (1990)

A hybrid image-mode-moment method for the quasi-transverse-electromagnetic (quasi-TEM) analysis of transmission lines of arbitrary cross section and number, suspended between infinite parallel ground planes is discussed. This method systematically combines, in a single formulation, the conventional moment method with a new image-mode Green's function. The moment method is used to model the interaction between transmission lines, and the new image-mode method is used to furnish the Green's function of the parallel plates. Several configurations are studied and compared, where possible, with work given in the references.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Front-end receiver electronics for a matrix transducer for 3-D transesophageal echocardiography (2012)

There is a clear clinical need for creating 3-D images of the heart. One promising technique is the use of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). To enable 3-D TEE, we are developing a miniature ultrasound probe containing a matrix piezoelectric transducer with more than 2000 elements. Because a gastroscopic tube cannot accommodate the cables needed to connect all transducer elements directly to an imaging system, a major challenge is to locally reduce the number of channels, while maintaining a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. This can be achieved by using front-end receiver electronics bonded to the transducers to provide appropriate signal conditioning in the tip of the probe. This paper presents the design of such electronics, realizing time-gain compensation (TGC) and micro-beamforming using simple, low-power circuits. Prototypes of TGC amplifiers and micro-beamforming cells have been fabricated in 0.35-μm CMOS technology. These prototype chips have been combined on a printed circuit board (PCB) to form an ultrasound-receiver system capable of reading and combining the signals of three transducer elements. Experimental results show that this design is a suitable candidate for 3-D TEE.
Circuit techniques for large CSEA SRAMs (1992)

The CMOS-storage emitter-access (CSEA) memory cell offers faster access than the MOS cells used in conventional BiCMOS SRAMs but using it in large memory arrays poses several problems. Novel BiCMOS circuit approaches to address the problems of decoding power, electronic noise, level translation, and write disturbance are described. Results on a 64-kb CSEA SRAM using these techniques are reported. The device, fabricated in an 0.8- mu m BiCMOS technology, achieves read access and write pulse time of less than 4 ns while dissipating 1.7 W at a case temperature of 70 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The transport properties in strongly correlated BaCo0.9Ni0.1S1.87 (2002)

Layered tetragonal BaCo0.9Ni0.1S2 contains high-spin Co(II) in octahedral sites and is an insulator. Hole doping by introducing sulfur vacancies results in a polaronic conductivity and produces a transition to a monoclinic metallic phase with a nearly isotropic conductivity. Pressure P ≥1.5 kbar suppresses the monoclinic phase and at P ≥10 kbar the high temperature tetragonal phase is transferred to an isostructural metallic phase containing low-spin Co(II). The single-crystal resistivity along the c-axis and in the a–b plane of high-pressure, tetragonal BaCo0.9Ni0.1S1.87 is shown to be highly anisotropic and to resemble that of the overdoped superconductive system La2 −xSrxCuO4.
Depth map inpainting and super-resolution based on internal statistics of geometry and appearance (2013)

Depth maps captured by multiple sensors often suffer from poor resolution and missing pixels caused by low reflectivity and occlusions in the scene. To address these problems, we propose a combined framework of patch-based inpainting and super-resolution. Unlike previous works, which relied solely on depth information, we explicitly take advantage of the internal statistics of a depth map and a registered highresolution texture image that capture the same scene. We account these statistics to locate non-local patches for hole filling and constrain the sparse coding-based super-resolution problem. Extensive evaluations are performed and show the state-of-the-art performance when using real-world datasets.
Metabolic Adaptations in Diabetic Endothelial Cells (2015)

In healthy individuals, the endothelium plays a fundamental role in normal health in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction results in the development of several pathologies. In diabetes, in particular, sustained hyperglycemia, a characteristic of diabetes, contributes to EC dysfunction and consequently mediates the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated micro- and macrovasculopathies. Hyperglycemia-induced EC dysfunction is triggered by elevated levels of oxidative stress derived from several mechanisms, with the mitochondria as a key source, and is exacerbated by a subsequent hyperglycemia-induced self-perpetuating cycle of oxidative stress and aberrant metabolic memory. Recent reports have highlighted the importance of metabolic pathways in EC and suggested the therapeutic potential of targeting EC metabolism. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding differences in the metabolism of healthy ECs vs. diabetes-associated dysfunctional ECs, and outlines how EC metabolism may be targeted for therapeutic benefit.
Graphene-based flexible and stretchable thin film transistors (2012)

Graphene has been attracting wide attention owing to its superb electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. These properties allow great applications in the next generation of optoelectronics, where flexibility and stretchability are essential. In this context, the recent development of graphene growth/transfer and its applications in field-effect transistors are involved. In particular, we provide a detailed review on the state-of-the-art of graphene-based flexible and stretchable thin film transistors. We address the principles of fabricating high-speed graphene analog transistors and the key issues of producing an array of graphene-based transistors on flexible and stretchable substrates. It provides a platform for future work to focus on understanding and realizing high-performance graphene-based transistors.
A Letter to the Editor on the Original Article: Spontaneous Penile Tumescence by Sparing Cavernous Tissue in the Course of Malleable Penile Prosthesis Implantation (2020)

We read with interest the article by Zaazaa and Mostafa, 1 Zaazaa A. Mostafa T. Spontaneous penile tumescence by sparing cavernous tissue in the course of malleable penile prosthesis implantation. The J Sex Med. 2019; 16: 474-478 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine, which investigated the preservation of residual erectile function by sparing cavernous tissue through implanting a downsized malleable penile prosthesis. Although we are open to new surgical techniques and ideas that provide possible benefits for patients, we are concerned their study has several limitations that may have affected the validity of the conclusions.