gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease by X-Ray (1967)

The authors provide an exhaustive discussion of the differential diagnosis of congenital heart disease from the standpoints of conventional radiography, electrocardiography, and phonocardiography. They also present, in small print, additional detailed data of the anatomy and clinical course. Schematized differential diagnostic considerations are given at the end of each chapter, and a final chapter of schemas of the differential diagnosis of all congenital heart disease has been devised. Brief case summaries with illustrations of radiograms, electrocardiograms, and phonocardiograms of excellent quality finish each chapter. Many excellent reproductions of angiograms are presented. The bibliography is extensive. Pertinent hemodynamic data are interspersed but are not discussed as general topics or as subheadings. The indications for angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization are scarcely noted, and the indications and problems of surgery are superficially covered. This is not a clinical book. Rather is it a discussion of the diagnosis of congenital heart disease as
Spaceborne SAR study: LDRD 92 final report. [Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)] (1993)

This is the final report for a study performed for the 1992 LDRD spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) study. This report presents an overview of some of the issues that must be considered for design and implementation of a SAR on a spaceborne platform. The issues addressed in this report include: a survey of past, present, and future spaceborne SARs; pulse-repetition frequency (PRF); general image processing issues; transmitter power requirements; the ionosphere; antennas; two case studies; and an appendix with a simplified presentation on geometry and orbits.
Synthesis and Characterization of Wormlike Three-Arm Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) Star Polymers (2001)

We have previously reported the use of titanium alkoxide complexes as initiators for the living polymerization of isocyanates. In this paper, we present the synthesis of a trimetallic initiator, 2, comprised of three titanium alkoxides connected to a central organic core and the use of this catalyst to form three-arm star polymers which contain rigid polyisocyanate arms. Kinetic and molecular weight experiments confirm that the trimetallic complex 2, like its monometallic analogue, 6, initiates the living polymerization of n-hexyl isocyanate and that the three-arm stars obtained from 2 are completely symmetrical. The number-average molecular weight of polymer obtained from 2 increases linearly with the monomer-to-catalyst ratio used, which indicates a lack of chain transfer during polymerization. A comparison of the rates of polymerization of n-hexyl isocyanate by 2 and 6 at fixed initial monomer and titanium concentrations (k2 = (3.99 ± 0.2) × 10-3 M min-1, k6= (3.84 ± 0.1) × 10-3 M min-1) demonstrates that all three titanium centers in 2 are active and propagate independently of one another. The solution properties of these new three-arm star polymers were examined through tandem GPC/light scattering and solution viscometry experiments. Light scattering shows that there is a 55% reduction in the mean-square radius of gyration (g = 〈RG2〉star/〈RG2〉linear = 0.45 ± 0.05) of the three-arm star polyisocyanate from that of a linear polyisocyanate of the same molecular weight. The experimental value of g approaches the rod limit of g that indicates that the arms of the three-arm star can be construed as stiff, wormlike chains. Additionally, there is a 28% reduction in the intrinsic viscosity of three-arm polyisocyanate star from that of its linear equivalent. Finally, a 30% w/w solution of three-arm star polyisocyanate displays a nematic, lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophase.
Visible metasurfaces and ruled diffraction gratings: a comparison (2015)

Metasurface based and physical ruling based diffraction gratings function by controlling the phase of light, but the origin of the phase control is different. Here we compare the simulated optical response of a 1800 lines/mm ruled diffraction grating blazed for 650 nm light to the response of a 1800 lines/mm phase grating meta-surface designed for efficiency in the visible. The efficiencies are comparable; the transverse electric polarized efficiency of the meta-surface based grating is similar to the transverse magnetic polarized efficiency of the ruled-grating. However, due to the different mechanisms of phase accrual, the meta-surface based grating does not exhibit grating anomalies and has low efficiency for transverse magnetic polarized light.
A Novel IMFET Biosensor Strategy for Interleukin‐10 Quantification for Early Screening Heart Failure Disease in Saliva (2022)

Abstract We propose a salivary Interleukin‐10 detection strategy as part of an easily integrable Lab‐on‐Chip and Point‐of‐Care IMFET for multi‐detection Heart Failure (HF) biomarkers. Our developed IMFET showed good linearity between increasing IL‐10 concentration and the charge transfer resistance in both standard solutions and real saliva samples with a LOD of 0.02 pg mL −1 . Moreover, the cross‐selectivity study showed that the developed IMFET was highly selective towards IL‐10 against other HF biomarkers. The precision of our IMFET was also evaluated, and the difference between the determined IL‐10 concentration using the standard addition method and its expected one is&lt;20 %.
Practical Applications of Adjusted Factor-Based Performance Attribution (2016)

Factor-based performance attribution seeks to evaluate the components of a portfolio’s return, studying the contribution that each factor makes to the total return. But biases in the analysis can lead to several common errors, such as misclassifying factor returns as asset-specific contributions (or vice versa) or misestimating the actual factor exposure. <b>Robert Stubbs</b> of <b>Axioma</b> and <b>Vishv Jeet</b> of <b>Burgiss</b> have developed a hybrid approach that uses cross-sectional estimates and adjusts them if there is a systematic bias over time. In <b><i>Adjusted Factor-Based Performance Attribution</i></b>, Stubbs and Jeet examine the methodology behind performance analytics and explain how their adjusted model can provide deeper insight into the real drivers of investment performance.
The Advanced Low Pilot Ignited Natural Gas Engine: A Low NOx Alternative to the Diesel Engine (2003)

High nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions restrict future use of conventional diesel engines for efficient, low-cost power generation. The advanced low pilot ignited natural gas (ALPING) engine described here has potential to meet stringent NOx and PM emissions regulations. It uses natural gas as the primary fuel (95 to 98 percent of the fuel energy input here) and a diesel fuel pilot to achieve compression ignition. Experimental measurements are reported from a single cylinder, compression-ignition engine employing highly advanced injection timing (45°–60°BTDC). The ALPING engine is a promising strategy to reduce NOx emissions, with measured full-load NOx emissions of less than 0.25 g/kWh and identical fuel economy to baseline straight diesel operation. However, unburned hydrocarbons were significantly higher for ALPING operation. Engine stability, as measured by COV, was 4–6 percent for ALPING operation compared to 0.6–0.9 percent for straight diesel.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Randomized Phase II Trial of Sipuleucel-T with Concurrent versus Sequential Abiraterone Acetate plus Prednisone in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic of the STAMP trial design.&lt;/p&gt;
Immune responses following salivary gland administration of recombinant adeno‐associated virus serotype 2 vectors (2004)

Following a single administration of rAAV2 vectors to SGs there is no significant innate immune response. However, rAAV2 vector administration to SGs results in both cellular and humoral immune responses. The latter may interfere with the efficacy of repeated rAAV2 vector administration.
Optical study of diffraction grating/Fresnel lens combinations applied to a spectral-splitting solar concentrator for space applications (2015)

This paper presents a new design of a planar solar concentrator with spectral splitting of light for space applications. This concentrator spectrally splits the incident light into mainly two parts. Each part is then focused onto specific spatially separated photovoltaic cells allowing for independent control of respective cells' output power. These advantages of both spectral splitting and light focusing are combined here because of a specific diffraction grating superimposed on a Fresnel lens. The theoretical principle of the optical design is presented with optimization of each element and improvement steps including optimization of grating period evolution along the lens and testing of two kinds of gratings (a blazed and a lamellar one). First numerical results are presented highlighting the possibility to design a concentrator at about 10× or more for each cell with an output power larger than that of a classical concentrator focusing on a GaAs single junction cell and less than 10% of losses for tracking errors up to ±0.8°. Some experimental results are also presented.
Tuning D* with Modified Thermal Detectors (2006)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a modified thermopile detector that has a spectral detectivity, D*, primarily determined by the absorbance of a polymer film. This was done by coating the detector with a metal mirror, followed by the polymer film, so that the film absorbances are responsible for most thermal conversion. The detector is designed to tailor the spectral response of optical systems more specifically to analytes in order to improve precision in methods such as multivariate optical computing and simple photometry. Interference effects in the thin-film response are eliminated by the textured surface of the silicon thermopile, which makes the spectral response relatively simple. The maximum detectivity due to a 1-micrometer-thick film is found to be 20% of the detectivity of the original wide-band detector at 10 Hz modulation frequency. We estimate the thermal diffusion length in the polymer at 10 Hz to be 40 micrometers. We also suggest that the detectivity of the modified detector can be approximated as the product of the D* of the underlying thermal detector and the absorbance of the modifying film, provided the modulation frequency is low and interference effects are defeated.
Occurrence of Antibiotics in Influent and Effluent from 3 Major Wastewater-Treatment Plants in Finland (2020)

Wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) are regarded as one of the main sources of antibiotics in the environment. In the present study, the concentrations of multiple antibiotics and their metabolites belonging to 5 antibiotic classes were determined in 3 major Finnish WWTPs. An online solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was used for the extraction and analysis of the compounds. The method was fully validated using real and synthetic wastewaters. Seven antibiotics and 3 metabolites were found in the analyzed samples. Sulfonamides were removed most efficiently, whereas macrolides usually showed negative removal efficiency during the treatment, which means that the concentrations for individual antibiotics determined in the effluent samples were higher than in the influent samples. Sulfadiazine was found at concentrations up to 1018 ng/L, which was the highest concentration of any of the detected antibiotics in influent. In the effluent samples, the highest mean concentration was found for trimethoprim (532 ng/L). The measured mass loads of the antibiotics and metabolites to the receiving waters ranged from 2 to 157 mg/d per 1000 population equivalent. The evaluated environmental risk assessment showed that clarithromycin and erythromycin might pose a risk to the environment. The present study further underlines the importance of implementing technology for efficient removal of xenobiotics during wastewater treatment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1774-1789. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Laser-Induced Ionizing Collisions of Ultracold Krypton Gas in the1s5Metastable State (1994)

The line shape of laser-induced ionizing collisions of ultracold Kr gas is investigated near the ${1s}_{5}[4p^{5}5s:^{3}P_{2}]$ and ${2p}_{9}[4p^{5}5p:^{3}D_{3}]$ transition. The rate increases several times when the laser is red tuned by a few times of the natural width, while it sharply decreases for a slight blue detuning. This frequency dependence of the collision rate is due to the collision dynamics characteristic of ultracold atoms in a near-resonant light. Our experimental results on metastable Kr atoms show a good qualitative agreement with semiclassical Monte Carlo simulation of the cold collision dynamics.
Accumulation hole layer in p-GaN/AlGaN heterostructures (2000)

We present the results on piezoelectric and pyroelectric doping in AlGaN-on-GaN and GaN-on-AlGaN heterostructures and demonstrate p-GaN/AlGaN structures with accumulation hole layer. Our results indicate that polarization charge can induce up to 5×1013 cm−2 holes at the AlGaN/GaN heterointerfaces. We show that the transition from three-dimensional (3D) to two-dimensional (2D) hole gas can be only achieved for hole sheet densities on the order of 1013 cm−2 or higher. At lower densities, only 3D-hole accumulation layer may exist. These results suggest that a piezoelectrically induced 2D-hole gas can be used for the reduction of the base spreading resistance in AlGaN/GaN-based heterostructure bipolar transistors.
Molecular and Polymer Precursor Routes to Manganese-Doped Zinc Orthosilicate Phosphors (1996)

The zinc alkoxy(siloxy) complex {Zn[OSi(OtBu)3]2}2 has been prepared and studied as a molecular precursor to zinc orthosilicate, Zn2SiO4. This complex, prepared by reaction of ZnMe2 with HOSi(OtBu)3, has been characterized by X-ray crystallography as a dimer with two four-coordinate zinc centers. It cleanly looses isobutene, tert-butyl alcohol, and HOSi(OtBu)3 at ca. 100 °C to produce Zn2SiO4·SiO2. Reaction of ZnMe2 with (HO)2Si(OtBu)2 affords the hydrocarbon-soluble polymer [ZnOSi(OtBu)2O]n, which is proposed to have a structure consisting of four-coordinate Zn atoms linked by bridging −O(tBuO)Si(OtBu)O− groups. This polymer undergoes a very clean ceramic conversion over 150−250 °C to give the theoretical yield of carbon-free (by infrared spectroscopy and combustion analyses) Zn2SiO4·SiO2. The pyrolytic elimination products consist of water, tert-butyl alcohol, and isobutene. X-ray diffraction studies on the ceramic products show that Zn2SiO4 is the only zinc-containing, crystalline product formed. Thus this precursor approach appears to offer an advantage over sol-gel processes, which tend to produce ZnO as a side product. Hydrocarbon solutions of the polymer were used to fabricate high-quality thin films. Via pyrolysis of [ZnOSi(OtBu)2O]n/[Mn(CH2SiMe3)2]m mixtures, manganese-doped Zn2SiO4·SiO2 materials were synthesized. These materials exhibit two photoluminescence emission bands centered at 535 (major) and 605 nm (minor). The intensity of the green emission at 535 nm, which is responsible for the cathodoluminescence properties of Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphors, is highly dependent on the level of manganese doping. Concentration quenching is observed at higher manganese contents. The observed photoluminescence decay lifetime of approximately 5 ms is typical for Zn2SiO4:Mn phosphors.
Fast Oxygen Scavenging of Macroporous Poly(Norbornadiene) Prepared by Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2020)

Emulsion templated norbornadiene is cured via ring-opening metathesis polymerization yielding macroporous poly(norbornadiene) foams of 76% porosity exhibiting appealing stiffness combined with considerable ductility. The foams are readily oxidized in the presence of air at room temperature exhibiting an oxygen uptake capacity of more than 300 mg O<sub>2</sub> g<sup>-1</sup> foam. In closed volumes of air, a final oxygen level of a maximum of 0.0005 vol%, that is, 5 ppm<sub>(v)</sub> can be achieved after several hours at room temperature. The synergism of the porous morphology and the chemical nature of the polymer allows for the first example of an organic oxygen scavenger material with properties distinctly surpassing the state-of-the art in the field.
An evidential reasoning approach to composite combat identification (CCID) (2005)

The objective of ONR's Composite Combat Identification (CCID) Reasoning Algorithm Program is to develop a common ID reasoning algorithm to provide high-quality, consistent and timely ID recommendations through fusion of all ID attribute information available in the theater. In this paper, we present an overview of the work in developing such a reasoning algorithm based on Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidential reasoning theory. Our algorithm has been tested using simulated composite track data with attribute information under a variety of stressful scenarios, and has been shown to be very robust and of high performance in terms of ID accuracy. We present the design and implementation of the algorithm, especially the D-S reasoning using the valuation-based system (VBS) framework, and summarize our algorithm performance evaluation and findings.
A novel method for stereoselective glucuronidation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel method for stereoselective glucuronidationBilha Fischer, Abraham Nudelman, Margareta Ruse, Jacob Herzig, Hugo E. Gottlieb, and Ehud KeinanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 25, 4988–4993Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00199a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00199a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views849Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Picosecond pulse generation in detuned distributed feedback lasers (1988)

The effect of detuning the Bragg wavelength for picosecond pulse generation in GalnAsP distributed feedback (DFB) lasers is investigated using the gain switching method. We have observed that the pulse width is reduced in a detuned DFB laser, in which the differential gain is enhanced through detuning the Bragg wavelength λB, from the gain peak to a shorter wavelength by 100 Å. This result demonstrates the significance of the differential gain for short pulse generation.
Effect of Biomass Properties and System Configuration on the Operating Effectiveness of Biomass to Biofuel Systems (2020)

Operational inefficiencies due to wide variability in physical and compositional attributes characteristic of existing corn stover supply systems threaten the development of a sustainable bioeconomy. We utilized discrete event simulation to conduct stochastic feedstock property-dependent throughput analysis of a conventional corn stover supply logistics-preprocessing-conversion system. Pilot scale preprocessing equipment data and experiential information were used to inform failure frequency and down time. A new metric was introduced, “overall operating effectiveness” (OOE), which over a specified time period dynamically assesses the composite impacts of feedstock quality on the operational efficiency and productivity of the individual subsystems of the biomass to biofuel supply chain. For a 55% minimum carbohydrate specification at the entrance to conversion, the modeled OOE values for the supply logistics, preprocessing, and conversion subsystems were 56.9%, 24.4%, and 101%, respectively. The severity of throughput impacts depended primarily on moisture, while performance impacts depended on the range of corn stover compositional variability. Costs varied significantly as a function of assumed minimum acceptable carbohydrate contents from 45 to 59 wt % (proxy for conversion robustness), with a mean feedstock cost of $249.93/dry Mg (median of $146.39/dry Mg) for a 55% minimum carbohydrate content. As the floor was relaxed from an nth-plant specification of 59%, a higher proportion of the preprocessed feedstock was fed to conversion leading to feedstock contributions to biofuel costs ranging from $4.15 to $8.73/gge (2016$). We conclude that while conversion robustness can serve to minimize discarded feedstock, properties other than yield potential are more significant contributors to the feedstock contribution to biofuel cost.
Distributed online submodular maximization in resource-constrained networks (2014)

Maximization of submodular set functions arises in wireless applications such as scheduling, caching, and leader selection. For a centralized entity with oracle access to the submodular function, submodular maximization can be approximated up to a constant factor using polynomial-time algorithms; such an entity, however, may be unavailable in decentralized wireless networks. In this paper, we consider maximization of a time-varying submodular function by distributed, resource-constrained nodes. We present algorithms for unconstrained distributed submodular maximization, as well as monotone submodular maximization subject to cardinality constraints. For the unconstrained submodular maximization problem, our algorithm achieves an expected optimality gap of 1/3. For cardinality-constrained submodular maximization, our algorithm achieves an expected optimality gap of 1/2, while reducing the storage and communication overhead, as well as the computation requirements of the nodes, compared to existing techniques. We evaluate our approach through an experimental study using sensor scheduling data, and find that our approach is within ten percent of the best achievable utility in the unconstrained case and within five percent in the constrained case.