gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Fluctuations in Submarine WDM Systems (2006)

Polarization-related effects are the major source of performance fluctuations in long-haul systems. Understanding the system implications of polarization-dependent loss, polarization mode dispersion, linear and nonlinear channel crosstalk, polarization-dependent gain, and polarization hole burning is important for a successful system design and operation. In this paper, the polarization and nonlinearity-driven performance fluctuations in 10-Gb/s wavelength-division multiplexing submarine transmission systems, including repeatered and unrepeatered systems, are analyzed. The proposed phenomenological model of performance fluctuations shows good agreement with data accumulated over a long period on deployed repeatered systems. Furthermore, the case of 40-Gb/s transmission is briefly discussed
Small angle x-ray studies and modeling of coal gasification (1986)

This report describes advances made in the characterization and modeling of porous solids with particular emphasis on issues relevant to char gasification. The experimental investigation revolves around small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). A new, fully penetrable polydisperse spheres model developed for interpreting SAXS data from porous structures had advantages over the classical estimates by Guinier and Porod. Comparisons to a cell model based on Voronoi tessellation are also made. Model carbon experiments with CARBOSIEVE-S demonstrate the usefulness of SAXS in monitoring internal structural changes in carbonaceous material during gasification. Four PSOC samples studied by SAXS revealing increases in pore sizes and changes in surface area during pyrolysis and subsequent gasification. A high temperature cell for SAXS is developed and tested to 500/sup 0/C in pyrolysis investigations. The modeling studies aim at developing a pore model capable of representing the evolution of porous structures during gasification. By using concepts from percolation theory, a general framework is formulated that incorporates reaction and transport process in changing pore structures. A new technique for evaluating effective transport coefficients in porous solids avoids the use of empirical tortuosity factors and model predictions are in good agreement with published experimental data. The percolation based approach ismore » used to model pore opening, enlargement, and particle disintegration during gasification of a single char particle in the kinetic and diffusion limited regimes. Because of the detailed treatment of basic topological features of the internal pore structure, the model is able to predict experimental observations for a variety of conditions. The results are expected to have wide applications in gas-solid reaction characterization and analysis. 96 refs., 39 figs., 7 tabs.« less
Combined photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography using a single near-infrared supercontinuum laser source (2013)

We developed an integrated dual-modal photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography (PA-OCT) system using a single near-infrared supercontinuum laser source to simultaneously provide both optical absorption and scattering contrasts. A pulsed broadband supercontinuum source was generated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and a photonic-crystal fiber. When we imaged two colored hairs, the black hair was visible in both PA and OCT images, whereas the white hair was only mapped in the OCT image. The single laser source will potentially allow us to implement relatively simple, cheap, and compact dual-modal PA-OCT systems, which are key criteria for fast clinical translation and commercialization.
Effect of tart cherry versus PPAR agonist pioglitazone on stroke‐related phenotypes and inflammation (2013)

Epidemiology data show that anthocyanin intake reduces stroke mortality. Anthocyanins can activate PPAR isoforms, but PPAR agonist drugs can increase stroke risk. Tart cherries are a rich source of anthocyanins, so we compared the effect of tart cherry (1% w:w) and PPAR agonist drug pioglitazone (Actos®) in the stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. Over 5 months, we serially measured locomotion, balance, coordination, and systolic blood pressure. Compared to control, cherry intake affected morbidity but not mortality and reduced systolic blood pressure beyond Week 8. Tart cherry intake significantly improved balance (tapered beam, unassisted rearing) and coordination (ladder climb). Tart cherry reduced serum TNF‐α, reduced brain NF‐κB‐and PPAR‐associated mRNA, and reduced brain TNF‐α expression. Compared to cherry, Actos worsened tapered beam and ladder climb performance and increased brain PPAR‐related mRNA and brain TNF‐α. In summary, intake of a physiologically‐relevant amount of anthocyanins from tart cherry significantly reduced stroke‐related phenotypes, was safer than Actos, and may be a good preclinical model to explore the stroke‐protective effects of an anthocyanin‐rich diet. Supported by private gift (to SF Bolling).
PATTERNS OF OXYGENATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR ADJUSTMENT TO ACUTE, TRANSIENT NORMOVOLEMIC ANEMIA (1970)

MICHALSKI, A. H.; LOWENSTEIN, E.; AUSTEN, W. G.; BUCKLEY, M. J.; LAVER, M. B. Author Information
Image resizing by reconstruction from deep features (2021)

Traditional image resizing methods usually work in pixel space and use various saliency measures. The challenge is to adjust the image shape while trying to preserve important content. In this paper we perform image resizing in feature space using the deep layers of a neural network containing rich important semantic information. We directly adjust the image feature maps, extracted from a pre-trained classification network, and reconstruct the resized image using neural-network based optimization. This novel approach leverages the hierarchical encoding of the network, and in particular, the high-level discriminative power of its deeper layers, that can recognize semantic regions and objects, thereby allowing maintenance of their aspect ratios. Our use of reconstruction from deep features results in less noticeable artifacts than use of imagespace resizing operators. We evaluate our method on benchmarks, compare it to alternative approaches, and demonstrate its strengths on challenging images.
STUDY ON STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF COLUMNS IN HIGH-RISE RC BUILDINGS UNDER LONG-PERIOD EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION (2015)

The earthquakes will last for a long time and the effects of long-period components of earthquake ground motions on the response of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings are of concern. Static and dynamic loading tests were conducted on the assumption of long-period earthquake ground motion, using specimens that simulated center and corner columns in the lowest story for comparison. In this paper, the axial load support ability and fracture process of the columns by the difference of loading history were investigated.
Designing high-transmission and wide angle all-dielectric flat metasurfaces at telecom wavelengths (2017)

Recent advances in holography, wireless sensing and light fidelity technologies have resulted in the need for antennas that can support highly efficient beam directivity for a broad angular range. Transmitarrays have been shown to be promising candidates for the determination of such structures. Here, we present a comprehensive methodology for the design of subwavelength all-dielectric flat metasurfaces with high transmission and deflection range. The metasurfaces are CMOS compatible and can be fabricated using conventional processing of silicon-on-insulator technology. The optimized structures exhibit up to 95% efficiency for a wide-angle deflection range from 20° to 60° in air, at operating wavelengths near 1550 nm. Furthermore, we propose the potential multi-wavelength and muti-mode excitation capabilities of the designed supercell. This is achieved by shifting the resonance of each post of the metasurface to the wavelength of interest opening up opportunities for wavelength multiplexing with a single structure. Our results facilitate the realization of broad angle flat deflectors and holographic devices but also indicate that today's bulky and expensive light fidelity optical routers could be substituted by ultra-small chips that are inexpensive to fabricate and can be commercially implemented.
Strong-field effect in nanofabrication on chemically prepared silicon (1993)

We investigate the uniformity of scanning tunneling microscope nanofabrication on as-prepared chemically etched silicon. Our results show that continuous fabrication produces isolated nanoscale dots along the motion of the tip rather than uniform lines. These results are discussed with the aid of a self-limiting strong-field effect.
Powered Human Gait Assistance (2007)

Adaptation of powered actuated devices to assist elderly or weak individuals implies special design requirements. These actuators must be powerful enough to perform the tasks required of them yet remain efficient, lightweight and safe to its wearer. A spring-based actuator can contribute to all of these things. Springs are inherently powerful and lightweight. For the examples actuators developed above, the springs have `power to weight' ratios of approximately 300,000 W/kg. Springs are an efficient form of energy storage. For unstressed spring steel, its efficiency is reported to be 99.9% (Carlson, 1980). Springs are by nature compliant and back drivable, thus providing a natural measure of safety. Additionally, the other mechanical actuator elements, like a lead screw, can be designed to promote these design requirements as well (Hollander and Sugar, 2006a). Methods that include the implementation of springs into wearable system designs are necessary to meet these special design requirements. The development presented here offers a robust approach to the design of actuators that fit a variety of powered assistance situations. The creation of lightweight and practical, powered assistance actuators is possible with today's technology. The era of robots serving a role in everyday life is close at hand and will likely be in the form of powered wearable assistance.
Nonlinear Refractive Index Of CS 2 At 10.6 µm (1985)

We have measured the nonlinear refractive index n2 of CS2 at 10.6 &mu;m using two different techniques. We find that n2 is (2.2 &plusmn; 0.7) x 1010 esu which is over an order of magnitude larger than its value in the visible.
α-Fetoprotein Gene Delivery to the Nasal Epithelium of Nonhuman Primates by Human Parainfluenza Viral Vectors (2010)

Over the last two decades, enormous effort has been focused on developing virus-based gene delivery vectors to target the respiratory airway epithelium as a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, amongst other problems, the efficiency of gene delivery to the differentiated airway epithelial cells of the lung has been too low for clinical benefit. Although not a target for CF therapy, the nasal epithelium exhibits cellular morphology and composition similar to that of the lower airways, thus representing an accessible and relevant tissue target for evaluating novel and improved gene delivery vectors. We previously reported that replication-competent human parainfluenza virus (PIV)-based vectors efficiently deliver the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene to sufficient numbers of cultured CF airway epithelial cells to completely correct the bioelectric function of CF cells to normal levels, resulting in restoration of mucus transport. Here, using an in vitro model of rhesus airway epithelium, we demonstrate that PIV mediates efficient gene transfer in rhesus epithelium as in the human counterpart. Naive rhesus macaques were inoculated intranasally with a PIV vector expressing rhesus macaque α-fetoprotein (rhAFP), and expression was monitored longitudinally. rhAFP was detected in nasal lavage fluid and in serum samples, indicating that PIV-mediated gene transfer was effective and that rhAFP was secreted into both mucosal and serosal compartments. Although expression was transient, lasting up to 10 days, it paralleled virus replication, suggesting that as PIV was cleared, rhAFP expression was lost. No adverse reactions or signs of discomfort were noted, and only mild, transient elevations of a small number of inflammatory cytokines were measured at the peak of virus replication. In summary, rhAFP proved suitable for monitoring in vivo gene delivery over time, and PIV vectors appear to be promising airway-specific gene transfer vehicles that warrant further development.
Fast and Efficient Detection of Shading of the Objects (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The human thermal comfort, which has been a subject of extensive research, is a principal objective of the automotive climate control system. Applying the results of research studies to the practical problems require quantitative information of the thermal environment in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. The exposure to solar radiation is known to alter the thermal environment in the passenger compartment. A photovoltaic-cell based sensor is commonly used in the automotive climate control system to measure the solar radiation exposure of the passenger compartment of a vehicle. The erroneous information from a sensor however can cause thermal discomfort to the occupants. The erroneous measurement can be due to physical or environmental parameters. Shading of a solar sensor due to the opaque vehicle body elements is one such environmental parameter that is known to give incorrect measurement. The fundamental geometric principles of the intersection of a line segment and a plane can be used to determine if sensor is shaded, for given position of the sun with respect to a vehicle and geometry of the passenger compartment. However, realization of these principles using the fixed-point arithmetic is computationally expensive, due to their high memory and execution time requirements. The analytical method that uses relatively simple geometric relations is proposed to obtain the exact same results at significantly lower cost. The proposed method uses a constant azimuth curve to determine the range of elevation for each transparent body element of a vehicle, such as windshield, side glasses, rear glass and sun roof, for which a solar sensor is exposed to the direct-beam solar radiation. A sensor is said to be shaded if the current solar elevation angle is not included in any of the calculated ranges. The corrective action to the erroneous solar intensity while sensor is shaded, is suggested such that its influence on the thermal comfort of occupants is minimum.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Quantitative Evaluation of Pain with Mechanical Nociceptive Stimuli by the Change of Arterial Wall Viscoelasticity (2010)

As is well known, it is extremely difficult to quantify pain objectively using current technology. As a first step toward adequate pain assessment, we propose a method to evaluate the reactions of the automatic nervous system (ANS) in response to painful stimuli by observing arterial wall impedance based on the fact that elucidation of the ANS is a major factor in the management of pain. Under the proposed method, the mechanical impedance (stiffness and viscosity) of the arterial wall is calculated from blood pressure and plethysmogram measurements on a beat-to-beat basis, and the normalized stiffness and viscosity ascertained from values at rest are used as indices to evaluate pain.
From paxos to CORFU (2012)

research-article Share on From paxos to CORFU: a flash-speed shared log Authors: Dahlia Malkhi Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley Microsoft Research, Silicon ValleyView Profile , Mahesh Balakrishnan Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley Microsoft Research, Silicon ValleyView Profile , John D. Davis Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley Microsoft Research, Silicon ValleyView Profile , Vijayan Prabhakaran Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley Microsoft Research, Silicon ValleyView Profile , Ted Wobber Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley Microsoft Research, Silicon ValleyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 46Issue 1January 2012 pp 47–51https://doi.org/10.1145/2146382.2146391Online:16 February 2012Publication History 12citation290DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations12Total Downloads290Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
PCEP Extensions for LSP scheduling with stateful PCE (2020)

This document proposes a set of extensions needed to the stateful Path
Computation Element (PCE) communication Protocol (PCEP), so as to
enable Labeled Switched Path (LSP) scheduling for path computation and
LSP setup/deletion based on the actual network resource usage duration
of a traffic service in a centralized network environment as stated in
[I.D.ietf-teas-scheduled-resources].
Foam-Charcoal Chromatography for Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins in Herbicide Orange (1978)

Abstract Herbicide Orange (HO) is a mixture of n-butyl esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). The 2,4,5-T is known to contain 2,3, 7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and other chlorinated aromatic contaminants. Adsorption of TCDD from HO on small amounts of powdered charcoal results in sample cleanup adequate for electron capture gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) analysis. Column flow restrictions with powdered charcoal are overcome by using polyurethane foams as a dispersive support, HO is dissolved in chloroform and percolated through a column containing a mixture of PX-21 activated carbon suspended on clean polyurethane foam (14.9% charcoal/ 85.1% foam, w/w). Subsequently, the column is washed with benzene, and TCDD is recovered with toluene-benzene (1+1). Samples containing less than 1 μg TCDD/ml required additional sample cleanup on activated alumina prior to GLC analysis. The average recovery of TCDD determined from 4 replicate radiometric measurements was 91.4% (standard error = 4.0). TCDD residues greater than 0.02 μg/ml in HO samples were quantitated by electron capture GLC after cleanup. The presence of TCDD and pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was confirmed by GLC-mass spectroscopy. In addition, tetrachloro- and pentachlorodibenzofurans were inferred by GLC-mass spectrometry.
Design of a radiant panel test at reduced scale for the high throughput development of artificial turf structures (2021)

Artificial turf structures are increasingly used in closed areas and have to comply with the European fire standard for building products (EN ISO 13501-1). The main test to evaluate the fire performance of flooring products is the EN ISO 9239-1 radiant panel test. The test principle is to determine the critical heat flux of floorings exposed to a forced ignition and a specific heat flux profile. As large amounts of material are needed to perform the test, the development of a radiant panel test at reduced scale was considered. The experimental design methodology was implemented to mimic the heat flux profile. The fire performance of artificial turf structures was evaluated at both scales and the results were compared. The burnt lengths of the specimens and thus the critical heat flux are similar for both scales. Thus, the downscaled device could advantageously be used for high throughput development of artificial turf structures.
Visual cortex cTBS increases mixed percept duration while a-tDCS has no effect on binocular rivalry (2020)

Abstract Neuromodulation of the primary visual cortex using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) can alter visual perception and enhance neuroplasticity. However, the mechanisms that underpin these effects are currently unknown. When applied to the motor cortex, a-tDCS reduces the concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), an effect that has been linked to increased neuroplasticity. The aim of this study was to assess whether a-tDCS also reduces GABA-mediated inhibition when applied to the human visual cortex. Changes in visual cortex inhibition were measured using the mixed percept duration in binocular rivalry. Binocular rivalry mixed percept duration has recently been advocated as a direct and sensitive measure of visual cortex inhibition whereby GABA agonists decrease mixed percept durations and agonists of the excitatory neurotransmitter acetylcholine increase them. Our hypothesis was that visual cortex a-tDCS would increase mixed percept duration by reducing GABA-mediated inhibition and increasing cortical excitation. In addition, we measured the effect of continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS) of the visual cortex on binocular rivalry dynamics. When applied to the motor or visual cortex, cTBS increases GABA concentration and we therefore hypothesized that visual cortex cTBS would decrease the mixed percept duration. Binocular rivalry dynamics were recorded before and after active and sham a-tDCS (N=15) or cTBS (N=15). Contrary to our hypotheses, a-tDCS had no effect, whereas cTBS significantly increased mixed percepts during rivalry. These results suggest that the neurochemical mechanisms of a-tDCS may differ between the motor and visual cortices.
Ultrafast Catalytic Alloy Nanomotors (2008)

Turbo-Nanomotoren: Ein Ag/Au-Legierungssegment bewirkt eine drastische Zunahme der Geschwindigkeit treibstoffgetriebener Nanodrahtmotoren auf bis zu 150 μm s−1 (75 Körperlängen pro Sekunde), was der Geschwindigkeit der effizientesten Biomotoren nahekommt. Die Zunahme in der Treibstoffzersetzungsgeschwindigkeit, die mit der elektrochemischen Reaktivität von Ag/Au-Legierungen einhergeht, wird energieeffiziente Nanomotoren zugänglich machen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Solution<U+2010>based nanoengineering of multifunctional coatings through self<U+2010>assembly techniques. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Increased Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor α, and Not of Interferon γ, Preceding Disease Activity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (1998)

The production of TNF-alpha, and not of IFN-gamma, is significantly higher in patients with multiple sclerosis before exacerbations than in patients with stable disease. Although present, this relationship is too weak to use TNF-alpha production as a surrogate marker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis.