gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure of endotoxic shock to elicit superoxide anion production in pig brain. (1990)

Endotoxin shock in pigs alters cerebral blood flow regulation. This study sought 1) to evaluate global cerebral electrical function using somatosensory evoked potential and 2) to determine if superoxide anion free radical (O2-) is generated in brain following endotoxin infusion. Five female pigs received E. coli endotoxin (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) and supplemental fluid to maintain cardiac output at control levels. Somatosensory evoked potential was generated before and after endotoxin infusion, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) precipitation in cranial windows was used to determine O2- production by brain. Following endotoxin infusion, mean arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and systemic vascular resistance fell by 50% and cerebral oxygen extraction increased. The amplitude and the latency of somatosensory evoked potential performed 60 min after endotoxin were unchanged from that generated at control. No precipitation of NBT in cranial windows was observed, indicating that O2- was not generated. Since endotoxin shock did not alter cerebral electrical function and O2- was not generated by brain, we conclude that alterations in cerebral blood flow regulation observed in fluid-resuscitated endotoxic shock do not result from inadequate cerebral oxygen consumption, nor is the extracellular production of O2- involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Highly reliable analog MEMS varactors (2004)

In this paper we report experimental results on the capacitive range, stability and reliability of low-cost and high-performance analog MEMS varactors. Our varactors are contact-less, parallel-plate devices with a tuning range of nearly 3:1 and high maximum capacitance value of 272 fF. Total lack of ohmic and dielectric contacts considerably enhances the robustness of our proposed varactor, which does not require a hermetically sealed package and can be therefore produced at a very low cost. Reliability measurements of package-free varactors exposed to a regular laboratory environment for over three months are presented. Furthermore, non-linear effects for structures undergoing large deflections are experimentally addressed in this paper by demonstrating optimized varactors with nearly-ideal C - V curves.
Characterization of Tunable Metamaterial Elements Using MEMS Switches (2007)

An experimental demonstration and analysis of a dual-state switchable magnetic metamaterial element in which the resonance excitation of the particle is controlled using an RF microelectromechanical (MEMS) switch is presented. By controlling the resonant properties of the individual ring, unit cells composed of such elements can be used to realize an effective dual-state switchable medium. Transmission and loss characteristics of the switchable element for two different switch topologies are compared. Experimental data shows that the MEMS switch allows for a switchable resonant particle with reasonably low losses.
20-hydroxyvitamin D₃ inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with high efficacy while being non-toxic. (2012)

20(OH)D(3) possesses high efficacy for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation in vitro and is non-toxic in vivo, supporting its further development as a potential anticancer therapeutic agent.
Scattering reflection matrix approach to ultra-deep imaging through biological media (Conference Presentation) (2018)

When imaging with classical waves, multiple scattering (MS) is often seen as an unavoidable obstacle. The diffraction-limited resolution obtainable with methods such as microscopy requires that single-scattering (SS) dominates; for depths where MS processes become important, such methods result in an image without any connection to the reflectivity of the medium. Conversely, techniques such as diffuse optical tomography take advantage of the diffuse nature of light, but their resolution power is limited. To do better, methods such as wavefront shaping and adaptive optics have been developed. Focussing through a thick diffusive layer was demonstrated using a transmission matrix approach consisting of the measurement of Green’s functions between each pixel of a spatial light modulator (SLM) and of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera across the medium. To image inside a multiple-scattering medium, we present a matrix approach based on the experimental measurement of a reflection matrix from the medium. An analysis based on the geometric and statistical properties of this reflection matrix can enhance the SS contribution which would otherwise be swamped by MS at large depths, and correct the resulting image for aberration effects induced by the turbid medium itself. The correction does not require the presence of bright scatterers, does not rely on any feedback loop and works even at depths where the field-of-view contains several isoplanatic patches. Here we present the application of our reflection matrix approach to optical imaging in biological tissues. Compared to OCT and related methods, we demonstrate an extension of the current imaging-depth limit.
Use of a Lewis Acid Surfactant Combined Catalyst in Cationic Polymerization in Miniemulsion:  Apparent and Hidden Initiators (2004)

A Lewis acid surfactant combined catalyst (LASC) was tentatively used in a cationic polymerization in miniemulsion of p-methoxystyrene (pMOS). In a first part, the initiating potential of trisdodecyl sulfate ytterbium (Yb(DS)3, 0.25H2O) was evidenced in the solution polymerization of pMOS initiated by the corresponding chlorinated adduct pMOS−HCl. Miniemulsion polymerizations of pMOS performed using the same initiating system gave rise to oligomers, but experimental conditions chosen could not evidence the expected LASC-mediated cationic polymerization process. Further studies showed that LASC is located at the interface and acts only as a surfactant together with SDS. The polymerization occurred due to the hydrolysis of pMOS−HCl. The resulting acidification of the water phase leads to the transformation of SDS into its sulfuric acid form acting as an inisurf according to an interfacial cationic polymerization process. Latex particles of pMOS incorporating narrowly distributed low molar mass chains were obtained.
Epitaxial growth of high mobility Cu2O thin films and application to p-channel thin film transistor (2008)

Cu 2 O epitaxial films were grown for high mobility p-channel oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs). The use of a (110) MgO surface and fine tuning of a growth condition produced single phase epitaxial films with hole Hall mobilities ∼90 cm2 V−1 s−1 comparable to those of single crystals (∼100 cm2 V−1 s−1). TFTs using the epitaxial film channels exhibited p-channel operation although the field-effect mobilities and the on-to-off current ratio were not yet satisfactory (∼0.26 cm2 V−1 s−1 and ∼6, respectively).
Translational Feasibility of Lumbar Puncture for Intrathecal AAV Administration (2020)

Preclinical studies have demonstrated that a single injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can achieve widespread gene transfer throughout the central nervous system. Successfully translating this approach to humans requires identifying factors that influence AAV distribution in the CSF so that optimal parameters can be replicated in the clinic. In the context of developing a motor neuron-targeted gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy, we conducted studies in nonhuman primates to evaluate the impact of injection volume on spinal cord transduction after AAV delivery via lumbar puncture. Lumbar injection of an AAVhu68 vector targeted motor neurons throughout the spinal cord, but only in juvenile nonhuman primates administered large injection volumes, equivalent to about half of the total CSF volume. Upon repeating this study with clinically relevant injection volumes and larger animals, we found that lumbar puncture failed to achieve significant transduction of the spinal cord. In contrast, vector administered into the cisterna magna distributed reproducibly throughout the spinal cord in both juvenile and adult animals. These findings highlight the challenges of translating AAV delivery via lumbar puncture to humans and suggest that delivery into the cisterna magna may represent a more feasible alternative.
Paired and Unpaired Comparisons and Clustering with Gene Expression Data (2001)

We have previously described a statistical framework for using gene expression data from cDNA microarrays to select meaningful subsets of genes and to place genes into clusters (van der Laan and Bryan, 2001). In this paper we extend this methodolgy to the setting in which expression data is collected on a common set of p genes from either two observations within a subject (paired) or on subjects from two subpopulations (unpaired). We present simulation results that illustrate important issues encountered with cluster analysis in gene expression data. In particular, we see that sampling variability of the covariance structure and the presence of unrelated genes can have a strong impact on clustering algorithms and measures of cluster strength. We discuss ways to address this issue, including the application of a hybrid clustering method which incorporates both partitioning and collapsing steps. The hybrid methodology is illustrated on a cancer cell line data set with two types of cancer. We also present a method for selecting significantly differently expressed genes using a null distribution. Finally, we present theoretical results relating to sample size and consistency in this setting.
Influence of High-Strength Bars on Shear Response of Containment Walls (2016)

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FLOCCULATION IN ELASTOMERIC POLYMERS CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES: JAMMING AND THE NEW CONCEPT OF FICTIVE DYNAMIC STRAIN (2015)

ABSTRACT Understanding the physics of the particle network in filled rubber is key to developing reduced energy loss compounds for automobile tires and other applications. Progress toward that goal is evident in the recent literature, which reveals some fascinating parallels between the effect of temperature on traditional glassy materials and the role of deformation on the behavior of granular materials, foams, and particle-filled polymers and pastes. The phenomenological treatment of structural relaxation (physical aging) in the nonequilibrium state of glasses, which includes the characteristic features of nonexponentiality and nonlinearity, is extended in the present work to model the progressive structural arrest (jamming) that occurs during the filler flocculation process in uncrosslinked elastomers. A new concept of fictive dynamic strain is developed for nanoparticle-reinforced rubbery polymers by drawing an analogy to the use of fictive temperature in nonequilibrium glasses. The fictive strain converges toward the actual strain as the system approaches steady state. The utility of the approach is demonstrated using literature data for the filler flocculation process of a nanoparticle-filled elastomer.
ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 2—care pathways, treatment, and follow-up (2021)

This comprehensive review is not a formal guideline but rather a document that provides a summary of current knowledge and guidance to practicing clinicians managing patients with CVD and COVID-19. The recommendations are mainly the result of observations and personal experience from healthcare providers. Therefore, the information provided here may be subject to change with increasing knowledge, evidence from prospective studies, and changes in the pandemic. Likewise, the guidance provided in the document should not interfere with recommendations provided by local and national healthcare authorities.
A Diferric Peroxo Complex with an Unprecedented Spin Configuration: AnS=2 System Arising from anS=5/2, 1/2 Pair (2002)

Eine ungewöhnliche Spinpaarung: Als Zwischenstufen auftretende Peroxoeisenkomplexe wurden mithilfe der Mößbauer- und der HF-EPR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Der Komplex 1 hat einen unerwarteten S=2-Grundzustand, der eine Folge der Kopplung zwischen einem S= 5/2- und einem S=1/2-Eisen(III)-Ion ist.
Evaluation of Ductile-Brittle Transition Temperature in Electron-Beam Welded Steel by Small Punch Test(Student Poster Session) (2001)

Toughness evaluation of narrow high-energy-beam welds by the conventional Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact test is not all successful because the crack often deviates from the fusion zone into the heat affected- or unaffected base metal-zones. The small-punch (SP) test was applied to the electron-beam welds of a steel with a 490 MPa yield strength to evaluate the toughness by measuring the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT). The steel was electron-beam-welded with various heat-inputs and the welds were examined by Charpy V-notch and small-punch tests at 40-298 K. The SP-DBTTs obtained from the SP energy show a linear correlation with the CVN-DBTTs. The load-deflection curves during the small-punch tests and the fractography of small-punch tested specimens supported the ductile-brittle transitions. The results suggest that the small-punch test can be used to predict the DBTTs of the electron-beam welds, which cannot be accomplished by conventional Charpy V-notch impact tests.
Nickel-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Two Enones and an Alkyne (2010)

A fully intermolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of two enones and an alkyne has been achieved. This reaction proceeds stereoselectively to give one diastereomer as a sole product.
Annealing Boosts the Supercapacitive Properties of Molybdenum Disulfide Powder (2020)

Abstract This work compares the supercapacitive properties of pristine molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ‐AS) and its counterpart annealed at 450 °C (MoS 2 ‐450) in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 solution. The MoS 2 ‐450 powder delivers an increased specific capacitance and low charge‐tansfer resistance compared to the MoS 2 ‐AS powder, interpreted as the consequence of high pore size and annealing‐induced active edge sites on the MoS 2 ‐450 for facile charge transport. Symmetric cells of the MoS 2 ‐450 electrodes, connected in series, delivered a voltage of 3.5 V, high enough to light a 1.6 V LED. The high performance of the MoS 2 ‐450 means that it can be optimized for potential application.
Fabrication of complete 8 in. stencil mask for electron projection lithography (2002)

We fabricated an 8 in. stencil mask having the complementary pattern of the 70 nm rule system-on-chip device. The 8 in. stencil mask was realized from the development of a mask substrate fabricated by using the sputtering method to form a scattering silicon membrane and an intermediate stopper layer. The intermediate layer material, which functions as an etching stopper, was CrNx. This material has demonstrated high performance in stencil mask fabrication, which is described in detail. The stress in the CrNx could be controlled within ±20 MPa by adjusting the deposition condition. The deposited silicon membrane stress could be easily adjusted in the range of 0–10 MPa. The etching selectivity, when the substrate backside etching was performed, was over 1000 under the low bias power. When the deep etching process was performed using SF6 and CHF3 etching gases for the mask pattern formation, the Si/CrNx etching selectivity was over 100 under the low bias power condition. The mask substrate, which is made up of a 2-μm-thick deposited silicon membrane and 0.35-μm-thick CrNx stopper layer, enabled an 8 in. stencil mask to be fabricated for use with electron projection lithography. In complementary mask split, we used “M-Split” which was developed by Selete and ISS as a pattern split software.
Putative Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Binding Motifs in Ovine Betaretrovirus Env Proteins Are Not Essential for Rodent Fibroblast Transformation and PI3K/Akt Activation (2003)

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) are simple betaretroviruses that cause epithelial cell tumors in the lower and upper airways of sheep and goats. The envelope (Env) glycoproteins of both viruses can transform rodent and chicken fibroblasts, indicating that they play an essential role in oncogenesis. Previous studies found that a YXXM motif in the Env cytoplasmic tail, a putative docking site for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) after tyrosine phosphorylation, was necessary for rodent cell transformation but was not required for transformation of DF-1 chicken fibroblasts. Here we show that JSRV and ENTV Env proteins with tyrosine or methionine mutations in the YXXM motif can still transform rodent fibroblasts, albeit with reduced efficiency. Akt was activated in cells transformed by JSRV or ENTV Env proteins and in cells transformed by the proteins with tyrosine mutations. Furthermore, the PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 could inhibit Akt activation and cell transformation in all cases, indicating that Akt activation and transformation is PI3K dependent. However, we could not detect tyrosine phosphorylation of JSRV or ENTV Env proteins or an interaction between the Env proteins and PI3K in the transformed cells. We found no evidence for mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in cells that were transformed by the JSRV or ENTV Env proteins. We conclude that ovine betaretrovirus Env proteins transform the rodent fibroblasts by indirectly activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Optical and scintillation properties of Pr-doped Y 2 Si 2 O 7 single crystal (2019)

Abstract Pr-doped yttrium pyrosilicates Y 2 Si 2 O 7 (YPS) single crystals were synthesized by the floating zone method. Five samples with different Pr concentration from 0.1% to 2.0% were prepared to study optical and scintillation properties. When we measured photoluminescence (PL), the emission due to the 5d-4f transition of Pr 3+ appeared in all the samples at the UV wavelength, and PL decay times were around 4–10 ns. In scintillation properties, all of the samples had the same scintillation emission spectral shape with different intensities, and samples with higher Pr concentration trended to have smaller scintillation decay time than those with lower Pr concentration. Under the 137 Cs γ -rays irradiation, the highest scintillation light yield among the present samples was 6600 ph MeV −1 in Pr 1.0% one. In addition, linearity and energy resolution as a function of γ -ray energy were observed in all the samples.
One step closer to a bionic brain? (1997)

Contribution toward a bionic brain is no longer an impossible dream. Several research teams are making attempts in the right direction all over the world. Analog VLSI design of a hippocampal neuron model is an important step toward construction of more complex microelectronic devices to facilitate the study of important brain regions. Gradually, selected functions of brain regions can be replaced by the bionic chips. The microchips will not only cure the illness of the brain but also enhance its ability.
Neural Network Modeling of Plasma Processes (2001)

Plasma polymerized thin films are of increasing importance in the field of transparent packaging. In particular, hydrocarbon coatings prepared by the reactive magnetron sputtering method combined with plasma-stimulated gas-phase polymerization have proved to have excellent diffusion barrier properties for gases and water vapor. However, the non-linear relationship between stretch failure and permeation properties poses a challenge when it comes to modeling the functional coatings to meet the required product specifications. An improvement in the functionality of these films has been achieved using the general regression neural network GRNN. The method employs the input parameters of the coating such as gas flow, pressure and process time. To improve the prediction performance the training input and output vectors were linearily transformed into the space defined by the principal components of the given training data. In conclusion, it can be stated that modeling of plasma processes according to the film characteristics makes possible a more controlled and systematic production of thin films. The neural network being used as a tool to determine the process parameters is able to enlighten the understanding of their influence on the film properties which is of particular importance for optimization and scaling up of a defined functional thin film in a web coater.
Cibles biologiques, de l’alimentation des populations à la nutrition personnalisée, les personnes âgées. (2019)

International audience
Helicobacter pylori Uptake and Efflux: Basis for Intrinsic Susceptibility to Antibiotics In Vitro (2000)

We previously demonstrated (M. M. Exner, P. Doig, T. J. Trust, and R. E. W. Hancock, Infect. Immun. 63:1567-1572, 1995) that Helicobacter pylori has at least one nonspecific porin, HopE, which has a low abundance in the outer membrane but forms large channels. H. pylori is relatively susceptible to most antimicrobial agents but less susceptible to the polycationic antibiotic polymyxin B. We demonstrate here that H. pylori is able to take up higher basal levels of the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN) than Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli, consistent with its enhanced susceptibility to hydrophobic agents. Addition of polymyxin B led to a further increase in NPN uptake, indicative of a self-promoted uptake pathway, but it required a much higher amount of polymyxin B to yield a 50% increase in NPN uptake in H. pylori (6 to 8 microg/ml) than in P. aeruginosa or E. coli (0.3 to 0.5 microg/ml), suggesting that H. pylori has a less efficient self-promoted uptake pathway. Since intrinsic resistance involves the collaboration of restricted outer membrane permeability and secondary defense mechanisms, such as periplasmic beta-lactamase (which H. pylori lacks) or efflux, we examined the possible role of efflux in antibiotic susceptibility. We had previously identified in H. pylori 11637 the presence of portions of three genes with homology to potential restriction-nodulation-division (RND) efflux systems. It was confirmed that H. pylori contained only these three putative RND efflux systems, named here hefABC, hefDEF, and hefGHI, and that the hefGHI system was expressed only in vivo while the two other RND systems were expressed both in vivo and in vitro. In uptake studies, there was no observable energy-dependent tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or NPN efflux activity in H. pylori. Independent mutagenesis of the three putative RND efflux operons in the chromosome of H. pylori had no effect on the in vitro susceptibility of H. pylori to 19 antibiotics. These results, in contrast to what is observed in E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and other clinically important gram-negative bacteria, suggest that active efflux does not play a role in the intrinsic resistance of H. pylori to antibiotics.
Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Windings Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machines: Opportunities and Challenges (2009)

Fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) synchronous permanent magnet (PM) machines have been gaining interest over the last few years. This is mainly due to the several advantages that this type of windings provides. These include high-power density, high efficiency, short end turns, high slot fill factor particularly when coupled with segmented stator structures, low cogging torque, flux-weakening capability, and fault tolerance. This paper is going to provide a thorough analysis of FSCW synchronous PM machines in terms of opportunities and challenges. This paper will cover the theory and design of FSCW synchronous PM machines, achieving high-power density, flux-weakening capability, comparison of single- versus double-layer windings, fault-tolerance rotor losses, parasitic effects, comparison of interior versus surface PM machines, and various types of machines. This paper will also provide a summary of the commercial applications that involve FSCW synchronous PM machines.