gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maize Biomass Yield and Composition for Biofuels (2007)

With the world oil reserves projected to be depleted in about 40 years at the current pace of use, emphasis has shifted to alternative sources of liquid fuel. Currently, ethanol produced from ∼20% of corn ( Zea mays L.) grain in the United States contributes ∼3.5% of the volume and 2.5% of the energy equivalent of annual gasoline consumption. Cellulosic biomass has the potential to contribute substantially to the biofuels pool. Corn is the single‐largest source of crop residue in the United States. An unaltered cell wall is recalcitrant to hydrolytic enzymes required for the conversion of its polysaccharide fraction into simple sugars before fermentation. Attempts at lowering lignin to increase stover digestibility are generally accompanied by a reduction in biomass. The complexity of the cellulose synthase system poses a challenge in increasing its activity through biotechnological means. Exploitation of natural variation may thus be a more productive route to increase the stover cellulose content. In comparison, the objective of reducing or altering hemicellulose for improved ethanol production as well as digestibility of the grain by monogastric animals may be relatively easier to accomplish through transgenic means. Availability of molecular tools for many of the steps in cell wall biosynthesis and modification has opened the heretofore inaccessible biotechnological avenues to alter the wall composition and perhaps structure for increased ethanol production.
Non-anthropocentric imaging via sensors and algorithms (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Imaging is the transfer of information from the object to the sensor. This transfer is typically mediated by a lens. However, this is not the only option. In this presentation, we will describe alternatives that can enable unusual imaging systems with concomitant advantages including a needle microscope, hyperspectral cameras and optics-less cameras. These imaging systems produce data that are not easily interpretable by humans, but nevertheless could be valuable for inferencing. We will explore the co-optimization of algorithms with hardware to enable previously impossible imaging tasks.
Effect of NADPH availability on free fatty acid production in Escherichia coli (2017)

Microbial conversion of renewable carbon sources to free fatty acids has attracted significant attention in recent years. Accumulation of free fatty acids in Escherichia coli by overexpression of an acyl-ACP thioesterase which can break the fatty acid elongation has been well established. Various efforts have been made to increase fatty acid production in E. coli by enhancing the enzymes involved in the fatty acid synthesis cycle or host strain manipulations. The current study focused on the effect of NADPH availability on free fatty acids (FFAs) productivity. There are two reduction steps in the fatty acid elongation cycle which are catalyzed by beta keto-ACP reductase (FabG) and enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI), respectively. It is reported that FabI can use either NADH or NADPH as cofactor, while FabG only uses NADPH in E. coli. Fatty acid production dropped dramatically in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (encoded by the zwf gene) deficient strain. Similarly, the pntB (which encodes one of the subunit of proton-translocating membrane bounded transhydrogenase PntAB) and udhA (which encodes the energy dependent cytoplasmic transhydrogenase UdhA) double mutant strain also showed an 88.8% decrease in free fatty acid production. Overexpression of PntAB and NadK restored the fatty acid production capability of these two mutant strains. These results indicated that the availability of NADPH played a very important role in fatty acid production.
The HP lhtoRAID hierarchical storage system (1995)

Configuring redundant disk arrays is a black art. To properly configure an array, a system administrator must understand the details of both the array and the workload it will support; incorrect understanding of eithec or changes in the workload over time, can lead to poor performance. Wepresent a solution to this problem: a two-level storage hierarchy implemented inside a single disk-array controller In theupper level of this hierarchy, two copies of active data are stored to provide full redundancy and excellent performance. In the lower level, RAID 5 parity protection is used to provide excel[ent storage cost for inactive data, at somewhat lower performance. The technology we describe in this pape&amp;lt; known as HP AutoRAID, automatically and transparently manages migration of data blocks between these two levels as access patterns change. The result is a fully-redundant storage system that is extremely easy to use, suitable for a wide variety of workloads, largely insensitive to dynamic workload changes, and that performs much better than disk arrays with comparable numbers of spindles and much larger amounts offront-end ~ ~ cache. Because the implementation of the I-W AUtORAID technology is almost entirely in embedded software, the additional hardware cost for these benejits is very small. We describe the HP AUtORAID technology in detail, and provide performance data for an embodiment of it in a prototype storage array, together with the results of simulation studies used to choose algorithms used in the array. 1
Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline for Cancer Palliative Care: Pain, Constipation, and Insomnia (2019)

It is common for patients with cancers in Hong Kong seeking Chinese Medicine (CM) therapies as supportive care during cancer treatment and to manage treatment-related side effects. This article provides clinical practice guideline (CPG) on the use of CM for specific clinical indications caused by cancer and during cancer treatment, including pain, constipation, and insomnia, and aims to guide local licensed CM practitioners and provide beneficial reference for social medical decision makers and patients. In this manuscript, we summarize the clinical manifestation, CM pattern classification, and CM intervention including herbal treatment, acupuncture treatment, regulating, and nursing based on pattern differentiation.
The molecular evolution of the human immunodeficiency viruses (1995)

Two major groups of immunodeficiency-associated retro viruses are presently known to infect man. These are human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which is the recognized agent of AIDS in Central Africa, Europe, the United States, and most countries worldwide (Barre-Sinoussi et ai, 1983; Popovic et aL, 1984), and the more geographically restricted human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), which is most predominant in West Africa (Barin et ai, 1985; Clavel et al., 1987). Although a causative relationship between HIV-1, HIV-2 and clinical AIDS is well established (Fauci, 1988), the pathogenic mechanisms by which these viruses induce immunosuppression and disease remain unknown. Ten million individuals are currently infected with HIV worldwide and this number is expected to rise to 40 million by the year 2000 (Mann, 1992). Given the magnitude of the AIDS pandemic, new insights into the natural history of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection as well as a better understanding of the events responsible for their recent epidemic spread are critically needed for a rational drug design and the development of effective vaccines.
56.1: Development of IGZO‐TFT and Creation of New Devices Using IGZO‐TFT (2013)

Abstract Sharp succeeded the production of high performance LCD using IGZO for the first time in the world. With the extraordinary TFT characteristics, IGZO‐TFT LCD can realize (1)lower power consumption and (2)higher touch panel performance than a‐Si TFT LCD. In this paper, we report the development of IGZO‐TFT and new LCD devices.
Editorial Comment (2019)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Sep 2019Editorial CommentThis article comments on the following:Outcomes of a Novel Penile Traction Device in Men with Peyronie’s Disease: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial Arthur L. Burnett Arthur L. BurnettArthur L. Burnett Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.JU.0000569604.90468.09AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 202(3), pp. 609–610 References 1. : Evidence-based management guidelines on Peyronie's disease. J Sex Med 2016; 13: 905. Google Scholar 2. : Mechanisms of penile erection and basis for pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63: 811. Google Scholar © 2019 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesJournal of Urology8 Aug 2019Outcomes of a Novel Penile Traction Device in Men with Peyronie’s Disease: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial Volume 202Issue 3September 2019Page: 609-610 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2019 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Arthur L. Burnett Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The Pursuit of a Scalable Nanofabrication Platform for Use in Material and Life Science Applications (2020)

In this Account, we describe the use of perfluoropolyether (PFPE)-based materials that are able to accurately mold and replicate micro- and nanosized features using traditional techniques such as embossing as well as new techniques that we developed to exploit the exceptional surface characteristics of fluorinated substrates. Because of the unique partial wetting and nonwetting characteristics of PFPEs, we were able to go beyond the usual molding and imprint lithography approaches and have created a technique called PRINT (Particle [or Pattern] Replication In Nonwetting Templates).
Application of Thomson Scattering System at 1.06 μm for Study of Plasma Density Dynamics at Multimirror Trap GOL-3 (2005)

Thomson scattering system for measurements of radial profile of plasma density (range 0.5-5×1021 m-3) with temperature up to 2 keV was developed at the GOL-3 facility. First harmonics (λ=1.06 μm) of Nd glass laser is used. Scattered light from different points of plasma cross-section is imaged to a set of quartz optical fibers and detected by avalanche photodiodes.During the first 10 μs after start of the relativistic electron beam injection the intense light emission from plasma is observed. Single powerful laser pulse is used for providing of good signal-noise ratio in this period. Later the plasma radiation intensity decreases and the less powerful laser oscillator operated in multiple-pulsed regime is used.Description of the diagnostics, methodical aspects of operation, and results of the density dynamics measurements are presented in the paper.
The dual-gain 10 μm back-thinned 3k×3k CMOS-APS detector of the solar orbiter extreme UV imager (2014)

The Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) on-board the Solar Orbiter mission will provide image sequences of the solar atmosphere at selected spectral emission lines in the extreme and vacuum ultraviolet. For the two Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) channels of the EUI instrument, low noise and radiation tolerant detectors with low power consumption and high sensitivity in the 10-40 nm wavelength range are required to achieve the science objectives. In that frame, a dual-gain 10 &mu;m pixel pitch back-thinned 1k x 1k Active Pixel Sensor (APS) CMOS prototype has been tested during the preliminary development phase of the instrument, to validate the pixel design, the expected EUV sensitivity and noise level, and the capability to withstand the mission radiation environment. Taking heritage of this prototype, the detector architecture has been improved and scaled up to the required 3k x 3k array. The dynamic range is increased, the readout architecture enhanced, the power consumption reduced, and the pixel design adapted to the required stitching. The detector packaging has also been customized to fit within the constraints imposed by the camera mechanical, thermal and electrical boundaries. The manufacturing process has also been adapted and back-thinning process improved. Once manufactured and packaged, a batch of sensors will undergo a characterization and calibration campaign to select the best candidates for integration into the instrument qualification and flight cameras. The flight devices, within their cameras, will then be embarked on the EUI instrument, and be the first scientific APSCMOS detectors for EUV observation of the Sun.
Active gate control for current balancing in parallel connected IGBT modules in solid state modulators (2007)

In modern pulsed power systems often fast solid state switches like MOSFETs and IGBT modules are used to generate short high power pulses. In order to increase the pulsed power, solid state switches have to be connected in series or in parallel. Depending on the interconnection of the switches, parameter variations in the switches and in the system can lead to an unbalanced voltage or current. Therefore, the switches are generally derated, which results in an increased number of required devices and volume. With an active gate control, derating and preselection of the switching devices can be avoided. In this paper an active gate control of paralleled IGBT modules, which has been developed for converters with inductive load, is explained in detail and adapted to a solid state modulator. There, the paper focuses on the low inductance IGBT current measurement, the control unit implementation with a FPGA and DSP, as well as the balancing of the pulse currents.
Brushless mitigation of bearing currents via capacitively coupled shunting (2014)

The overwhelming trend within industry today is to pair electric machines with variable frequency drives. It is well known that the use of these drives can introduce high frequency bearing currents during semiconductor switching events. Bearing currents gradually degrade the bearings, pitting their surfaces, and leading to premature failure. Common solutions include insulating the bearings, installing common mode filters, or using a brush to ground the rotor shaft. These solutions are not universally scalable and may require periodic maintenance. This paper presents a new approach using non-contact (brushless) capacitive coupling. Here, a rotating capacitor is placed electrically in parallel with the bearing. At high frequencies, the impedance of the rotating capacitor is far lower than the bearing impedance, thereby shunting current around the bearings and reducing shaft voltage. The technique is experimentally demonstrated on a 3hp (2.2kW) induction machine. The experiment demonstrates a bearing current reduction factor of at least 8x.
Abstract 1767: Synergy between intratumoral immunotoxin and systemic anti-CTLA-4 promotes massive inflammation and leads to complete regression of tumors in mice (2018)

Abstract Background: The immunotoxin SS1P consists of an anti-mesothelin Fv attached to Pseudomonas exotoxin A and kills tumor cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. Because of its unique mechanism of cell killing and unlike other anti-cancer drugs, SS1P does not suppress the immune system. Here we determined if SS1P can cooperate with anti-CTLA-4 to induce anti-tumor immunity and cause tumor regression. Methods: A BALB/c breast cancer cell line was transfected with human mesothelin (66C14-M) and implanted in two different locations. SS1P was injected directly into one tumor and anti-CTLA-4 given IP. Twelve days after treatment initiation, the tumors were harvested and evaluated for immune related gene expression by Nanostring Technologies. A portion of each tumor was sent to pathology and stained for CD8. Results: In mice treated with anti-CTLA-4 and SS1P, complete tumor regressions occurred in 25/30 (86%) SS1P injected tumors and in 16/30 (53%) tumors at the un-injected location. No complete regressions occurred with either drug given separately. This indicates that the combination therapy has a synergistic and systemic anti-tumor effect. Pathological evaluation of injected tumors from combination-treated mice revealed large central abscesses surrounded by a collar of inflammation, containing a mixture of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells. The collar of inflammation was unique to the combination treated mice. Only very small abscesses were observed in tumors from control mice. Immunohistochemistry of tumors from mice treated with SS1P and anti-CTLA-4 showed an increase in CD8+ cells located mainly in the inflammation collar. Analysis of gene expression in tumors from combination-treated mice, compared to PBS-treated tumors, showed that 341/747 (45%) immune transcripts were elevated by 2-fold or more including CD8a, PDL2 and CD56 (8, 15 and 24-fold, respectively). In mice treated with anti-CTLA-4 and PBS, the increase of transcripts was lower: 127/747 (17%) genes. Only 18 out of 747 transcripts (2%) were elevated in the SS1P-treated tumors. This suggests that SS1P by itself does not initiate an inflammatory process. However, SS1P greatly potentiates the inflammatory process initiated by anti-CTLA-4. Conclusions: Combining local SS1P with anti-CTLA-4 promotes massive inflammation that cures injected and un-injected tumors and provides a strong rational to explore this combination therapy in patients. Citation Format: Yasmin Leshem, James O'Brien, Yoram Reiter, Ira Pastan. Synergy between intratumoral immunotoxin and systemic anti-CTLA-4 promotes massive inflammation and leads to complete regression of tumors in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1767.
Optimal Parametric Auctions (2012)

We study the problem of profit maximization in auctions of one good where the buyers' valuations are drawn from independent distributions. When these distributions are known to the seller, Myerson's optimal auction is a well-known mechanism for maximizing revenue. In many cases, however, the seller may not know the buyers' distributions. We propose an alternative model where the seller only knows the mean and the variance of each distribution. We call parametric an auction whose mechanism only uses these parameters. We construct parametric auctions both when the seller only has one copy of the good to sell, and when she has an infinite number of identical copies (i.e., when the good is digital). For a very large class of distributions, including (but not limited to) distributions with a monotone hazard rate, our auctions achieve a constant fraction of the revenue of Myerson's auction. When the seller has absolutely no knowledge about the distributions, it is well known that no auction can achieve a constant fraction of the optimal revenue when the players are not identically distributed. Our parametric model gives the seller a small amount of extra information, allowing her to construct auctions for which (1) no two bidders need to be drawn from identical distributions and (2) the revenue obtained is a constant fraction of the revenue in Myerson's optimal auction.
Machine learning based chroma phase offset detection and correction in motion video (2022)

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Generally, chroma phase or hue offset issues within a scene are hard to detect, without a reference or context (i.e. some apriori&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;knowledge about how certain objects within the scene should actually&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;appear in terms of their hue). Moreover, when it comes to skin/flesh tones, hue deviation can be noticeable and can markedly degrade the viewer quality of experience&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="IN"&gt;(QoE)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;, whenever it does occur. However a lot of research has gone into flesh tone detection, specifically, the color gamut within which flesh tone is present. This topic has been well documented in the literature with respect to various color spaces: red, green, blue (RGB) and YIQ. Therefore, overall issues with chroma offset or hue within the video content could potentially be approached by extracting and analyzing a reliable reference, such as skin or flesh tone (if present), within some allowable deviation. This involves machine learning (ML) based facial recognition and tracking followed by skin tone region recognition within the detected facial sequence (i.e. Region of Interest). The skin region serves as a ‘self-reference’ in order to discern any inherent phase offset within the content. Finally, the angular chroma deviation discerned can then be used for subsequent correction as well.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary methods and figure legends from Tumor-Reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells in Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancer Refractory to Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 136K, Detailed methods for tumor processing, generation of TIL, immunohistochemistry, tumor-recognition assays, and TCR sequencing and cloning. Supplementary Fig. S1 and S2 legends&lt;/p&gt;
Carriers of heterozygous loss-of-function ACE mutations are at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (2023)

Abstract Amyloid Aβ42 (constituents of the protein aggregates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cleaved by ACE, and thus, a decrease in tissue ACE activity (constitutive or ACE inhibitor-induced) could be risk factor for AD. We hypothesized that subjects with heterozygous Loss-of-Function (LoF) ACE mutations are at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Existing SNP databases were analyzed for LoF ACE mutations using PolyPhen-2 scores and compared with the topology of known ACE mutations already associated with AD. The combined frequency of &gt;400 of these LoF-damaging ACE mutations in the general population is quite significant – up to 5 % – comparable with the frequency of AD in the population &gt;70 years old. Our analysis suggests several mechanisms by which ACE mutations may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Systematic analysis of blood ACE levels in patients with all ACE mutations is likely to have clinical significance because available sequencing data will help detect persons with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Patients with transport-deficient ACE mutations (about 20 % of damaging ACE mutations) may benefit from preventive or therapeutic treatment with a combination of chemical and pharmacological (e.g., centrally acting ACE inhibitors) chaperones and proteosome inhibitors to restore impaired surface ACE expression.