gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Suppresses Spontaneous Mineralization and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells via IGFBP3 Up-Regulation (2016)

Hypoxia has diverse stimulatory effects on human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). In the present study, we investigated whether hypoxic culture conditions (2% O₂) suppress spontaneous mineralization and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. We also investigated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in this process. We found that hypoxia suppressed spontaneous mineralization and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, and up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in ASCs. Although treatment with recombinant IGFBPs did not affect osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, siRNA-mediated inhibition of IGFBP3 attenuated hypoxia-suppressed osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. In contrast, overexpression of IGFBP3 via lentiviral vectors inhibited ASC osteogenic differentiation. These results indicate that hypoxia suppresses spontaneous mineralization and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs via intracellular IGFBP3 up-regulation. We determined that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation followed by activation of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways play pivotal roles in IGFBP3 expression under hypoxia. For example, ROS scavengers and inhibitors for MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways attenuated the hypoxia-induced IGFBP3 expression. Inhibition of Elk1 and NF-κB through siRNA transfection also led to down-regulation of IGFBP3 mRNA expression. We next addressed the proliferative potential of ASCs with overexpressed IGFBP3, but IGFBP3 overexpression reduced the proliferation of ASCs. In addition, hypoxia reduced the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived clonal mesenchymal stem cells. Collectively, our results indicate that hypoxia suppresses the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via IGFBP3 up-regulation.
Catalysis as an important tool of green chemistry (2010)

Published data of the last decade demonstrating the significant achievements in the catalytic synthesis of organic compounds are analyzed from the green chemistry standpoint. It is demonstrated that the use of new catalysts (including nano-sized ones) and solvents (water, ionic liquids, fluorinated derivatives), microwave processes, superctitical and two-phase media, and heterogenized metal complex catalytic systems should be distinguished among the most promising approaches to such processes. The main applications of metal complex systems are considered, in particular, hydrogenation, partial oxidation and cross-coupling reactions, in particular, enantioselective reactions.
Light trapping architecture for photovoltaic and photodector applications (2023)

There is disclosed photovoltaic device structures which trap admitted light and recycle it through the contained photosensitive materials to maximize photoabsorption. For example, there is disclosed a photosensitive optoelectronic device comprising: a first reflective layer comprising a thermoplastic resin; a second reflective layer substantially parallel to the first reflective layer; a first transparent electrode layer on at least one of the first and second reflective layer; and a photosensitive region adjacent to the first electrode, wherein the first transparent electrode layer is substantially parallel to the first reflective layer and adjacent to the photosensitive region, and wherein the device has an exterior face transverse to the planes of the reflective layers where the exterior face has an aperture for admission of incident radiation to the interior of the device.
Macrophage Hitchhiking Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study (2023)

Abstract Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. However, current therapies are unable to restore the function of the injured myocardium. Advanced approaches, such as stimulation of cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation are promising, but suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and possible systemic adverse effects. Nanomedicines can be a solution to the above‐mentioned drawbacks. However, targeting the cardiac tissue still represents a challenge. Herein, a MI‐selective precision nanosystem is developed, that relies on the heart targeting properties of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and lin‐TT1 peptide‐mediated hitchhiking on M2‐like macrophages. The system based on pH‐responsive putrescine‐modified acetalated dextran (Putre‐AcDEX) nanoparticles, shows biocompatibility with cultured cardiac cells, and ANP receptor‐dependent interaction with CMs. Moreover, treatment with nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with two pleiotropic cellular self‐renewal promoting compounds, CHIR99021 and SB203580, induces a 4‐fold increase in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in primary cardiomyocytes compared to control. In vivo studies confirm that M2‐like macrophages targeting by lin‐TT1 peptide enhances the heart targeting of ANP. In addition, NP administration does not alter the immunological profile of blood and spleen, showing the short‐term safety of the developed system in vivo. Overall, the study results in the development of a peptide‐guided precision nanosystem for delivery of therapeutic compounds to the infarcted heart.
Through Its Nonstructural Protein NS1, Parvovirus H-1 Induces Apoptosis via Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (2010)

The rat parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) attracts high attention as an anticancer agent, because it is not pathogenic for humans and has oncotropic and oncosuppressive properties. The viral nonstructural NS1 protein is thought to mediate H-1PV cytotoxicity, but its exact contribution to this process remains undefined. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the H-1PV NS1 protein on human cell proliferation and cell viability. We show that NS1 expression is sufficient to induce the accumulation of cells in G(2) phase, apoptosis via caspase 9 and 3 activation, and cell lysis. Similarly, cells infected with wild-type H-1PV arrest in G(2) phase and undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, we also show that both expression of NS1 and H-1PV infection lead to higher levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated with DNA double-strand breaks. Antioxidant treatment reduces ROS levels and strongly decreases NS1- and virus-induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, indicating that NS1-induced ROS are important mediators of H-1PV cytotoxicity.
Tristetraprolin, a Negative Regulator of mRNA Stability, Is Increased in Old B Cells and Is Involved in the Degradation of E47 mRNA (2007)

We have previously shown that the E2A-encoded transcription factor E47, which regulates class switch in splenic B cells, is down-regulated in old B cells, due to increased E47 mRNA decay. At least part of the decreased stability of E47 mRNA seen in aged B cells is mediated by proteins. We have herein looked at the specific proteins responsible for the degradation of the E47 mRNA and found that tristetraprolin (TTP), a physiological regulator of mRNA expression and stability, is involved in the degradation of the E47 mRNA. Although many studies have characterized TTP expression and function in macrophages, monocytes, mast cells, and T cells, little is known about the expression and function of TTP in primary B cells. We show herein that TTP mRNA and protein expression are induced by LPS in B cells from young and old mice, the levels of TTP in old B cells always being higher than those in young B cells. Although TTP mRNA is degraded at a significantly higher rate in old B cells, TTP mRNA expression is higher in old than in young, likely due to its increased transcription. Like in macrophages, TTP protein expression and function in B cells are dependent upon p38 MAPK. We found that there is less phospho-TTP (inactive form), as well as phospho-p38, in old than in young splenic-activated B cells. This is the first report showing that TTP is involved in the degradation of the E47 mRNA and is up-regulated in old B cells.
Formation of single-orientation epitaxial islands of TiSi2 on Si(001) using Sr passivation (2011)

Epitaxial islands of C49-phase TiSi2 of up to 100 nm in size, and with a single crystallographic orientation, have been fabricated on Si(001) substrates. The growth process involves passivation of the Si surface using Sr, followed by deposition of Ti in the form of SrTiO3, which prevents the reaction between Ti and Si. Decomposition of SrTiO3 at temperatures above 800 °C drives off Sr and O completely, leaving epitaxial islands of TiSi2 dispersed on the Si surface. The TiSi2 islands have (010) orientation and an in-plane epitaxial relationship of Si[110]∥TiSi2[100]. Density functional calculations of the surface and interface energies show that the island sizes and contact angles are consistent with surface energy minimization.
A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks (2023)

Abstract In this paper, the key challenges (loss due to distance, entanglement routing, multi‐commodities) for the coming quantum internet, relying on entanglement of quantum bits (for short, qubits) on top of an existing network, are analyzed. A unifying framework enabling to compare the various entanglement distribution, purification, and routing protocols published so far is presented. With regard to entanglement routing, the introduction of different time windows will be essential in order to cope efficiently with the main challenges like complex route calculation and fidelity estimation on the one hand, actual entanglement route selection and entangled photon generation on the other hand. For a roll‐out on top of existing transmission networks, all the research publications for the last 20 years start to cover pretty well the global scheme. Nevertheless, open questions remain, like the actual advantage of some task execution prior to the online quantum path selection, or the design of algorithms approximating the multi‐commodities flow optimization problem, or the issue of dealing with a processing time not much longer than the qubit life time.
Biophysical background of cerebral microembolization during phased radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation: analysis of high resolution data from the ablation generator (2013)

Background: Asymptomatic cerebral emboli (ACE) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been recently demonstrated on diffusion MRI. The highest incidence of new lesion on postablation diffusion MRI have been consistently found after ablation with the circular, multipolar pulmonary vein ablation catheter (PVAC) and phased refiofrequency (RF) energy. Our group has also demonstrated, that the total number of microembolic signals (MES) detected by transcranial Doppler (TCD) in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) is significantly higher during phased RF as compared to during cryoballoon ablation. Limited data are available regarding the mechanism of MES generation during ablation with the PVAC. Therefore, we investigated different biophysical parameters of RF delivery with the phased RF technique in order to find potential correlation with the MES counts detected by TCD during the ablation. Methods and results: 48 consecutive patients (female:17, mean age:60, SD:10 years) undergoing PVI with phased RF for non-valvular, paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation formed the study population. Preprocedural anticoagulation consisted of uninterrupted vitamin K antagonist to maintain an INR in the therapeutic range (2.0-3.0). Unfractionated Heparin was used intravenously to maintain the ACT level above 350 seconds during the ablation. MES counts were recorded with bilateral TCD monitoring of MCAs for each session of energy delivery and time stamped for correlation with the high resolution data on power, temperature and impedance collected from the GENius 14.4 generator. Significant correlation was demonstrated between MES count during RF delivery and the following biophysical parameters: average power, total energy delivered, the number of electrodes turned on for simultaneous RF delivery, temperature overshoot (temperature integral over 62°C) and improper contact caused by respiration (P<0.0001). Furthermore, ablations of the left sided PVs also resulted in higher MES counts as compared to RF applications on the right side (P=0.0003). The bipolar/unipolar ratio of energy delivery and the average temperature reached during an ablation session had no effect on MES generation. Conclusions: Several biophysical parameters of energy delivery demonstrated a significant correlation with a higher rate of microemboli production during PVI with the PVAC. Most of these parameters can be linked to a variable or poor electrode-tissue contact. Modifications in the catheter design and in the software regulation of power/temperature handling of the generator might improve the safety of this technology.
Inner ear inflammation and round window otosclerosis. (1993)

Recently, it has been suggested that otosclerosis represents the host's ongoing immunologic response to measles or other viral antigens. Documentation of past inflammation within the inner ear would serve as further evidence that this mechanism may be at play in the pathogenesis of the disease. Among the characteristic signs of prior inflammation in the inner ear is the presence of lamellar bone at the site of inflammation. This has been described in the temporal bone of a patient with immune-mediated deafness and with the temporal bones of experimental models of immune-mediated inner ear disease. Review of temporal bones with round window otosclerosis from the Eastern Temporal Bone Bank at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary show that in four of ten cases there are characteristic signs of a prior severe inflammatory event centered in the scala tympani adjacent to the otosclerotic lesion. Otosclerosis, therefore, may have an inflammatory stage that is the consequence of a host response to an inciting event.
Comprehensive and quantitative analysis for controlling the physical/chemical states and particle properties of nanodiamonds for biological applications (2015)

The physical/chemical states and properties of nanodiamonds subjected to thermal annealing and air oxidation, which are indispensable processes for the preparation of fluorescent nanodiamonds, were investigated.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteome analysis reveals differentially abundant proteins in multiple sclerosis (2014)

Cerebrospinal fluid proteome analysis reveals differentially abundant proteins in multiple sclerosis
Deactivation of Cationic CuI and AuI Catalysts for A3 Coupling by CH2Cl2: Mechanistic Implications of the Formation of Neutral CuI and AuI Chlorides (2014)

Abstract Care should be exercised when using CH 2 Cl 2 as a solvent for reactions in which amines are a reagent, since undesirable deactivation of cationic copper(I) and gold(I) catalysts to form the corresponding inactive neutral chloride complexes [LMCl] (M=Cu or Au) can occur as a result of the generation of hydrogen chloride in the medium. Cu I and Au I deactivation has been proved for the Mannich three‐component coupling reaction. A series of Cu I and Au I complexes with potential mechanistic implications were isolated and characterized by X‐ray crystallography.
Antiproliferative effects of PCA‐4230, a new antithrombotic drug, in vascular smooth muscle cells (1997)

1. In the present study we examined the effects of PCA-4230, a novel antithrombotic agent, on the growth of cultured A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (rat'aorta). 2. The action of PCA-4230 on cell proliferation and on serum-induced DNA synthesis was determined by measuring the cell number and the incorporation of the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), respectively. 3. PCA-4230 reversibly inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. The increase in cell number was significantly reduced in the presence of 1 and 50 microM PCA-4230. 4. DNA synthesis was concentration-dependently inhibited by PCA-4230 (0.5 to 50 microM) in A10 cells that were synchronized by 48 h serum starvation and then re-stimulated by serum repletion, with an IC50 value of 13 microM. However, serum-induced DNA synthesis in bovine aortic endothelial cells was not significantly affected by PCA-4230. In addition, PCA-4230 (50 microM) caused a significant drop in PDGF-BB-mediated BrdU incorporation in A10 cells. 5. The effect of PCA-4230 on serum-induced DNA synthesis was compared to that elicited by nifedipine, another dihydropyridine-class inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle proliferation. PCA-4230 (10 microM) elicited a degree of inhibition similar to that of nifedipine at equimolar concentration. 6. To define the nature of the cell proliferation inhibition, an evaluation of cell cycle progression was undertaken. Flow cytometry studies of DNA content in synchronized cells revealed a block of the serum-inducible cell cycle progression. This inhibitory effect was markedly reduced when PCA-4230 was added 2 h after serum repletion. 7. Accordingly, PCA-4230 (50 microM) caused a 95 and 90% decrease in the elevation of c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogenes expression as evaluated by Northern blot analysis of mRNA induced early after serum addition. 8. The present results indicate that PCA-4230 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, in culture, by altering the cell cycle progression. Flow cytometric studies of DNA content and the down regulation of c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogenes, suggest that the drug is acting at the early G0/G1 transition phase. PCA-4230 may hold promising potential for the prevention of structural abnormalities of blood vessels associated with atherosclerosis and vascular diseases.
Neutral, regioselective, copper-catalyzed hydration of some nitriles to amides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeutral, regioselective, copper-catalyzed hydration of some nitriles to amidesMarayil Ravindranathan, Nagabushanam Kalyanam, and Swaminathan SivaramCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 24, 4812–4813Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00145a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00145a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views909Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The INOC route to carbocyclics: a formal total synthesis of (.+-.)-sarkomycin (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe INOC route to carbocyclics: a formal total synthesis of (.+-.)-sarkomycinAlan P. Kozikowski and Philip D. SteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 14, 4023–4024Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00378a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00378a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views901Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduction of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate synthesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by human menopausal gonadotropin but not purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone: a comparative pilot study (2004)

We aimed to compare the effects of two different gonadotropins on steroid production in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study group comprised 20 infertile patients diagnosed with PCOS who were accepted into in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer programs. Ten patients were consecutively allocated to a purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) administration group while the other ten received human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). All patients were pretreated with a gonadotropin releasing hormone-agonist. The patients were followed by daily vaginal ultrasonography until at least two follicles reached a diameter of 17 mm or an estradiol value of at least 100 pg/ml per follicle. To induce ovulation, human chorionic gonadotropin was given. On the 3rd day of menstruation, serum estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), FSH, total testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin were measured. These same parameters were measured again on the day of follicle aspiration in both serum and follicular fluid. In both groups, the serum levels of estradiol and androstenedione were raised significantly, and on aspiration day the serum level of DHEAS was significantly raised in the FSH group but not in the hMG group. Our findings suggest that in PCOS patients exogenous hMG induces a different steroid synthesis pattern compared to pure FSH, hypothetically by reduction of the delta-5 steroid synthesis pathway in the adrenals and/or in the ovary.
Quantitative analysis of lattice disorder and crystallite size in organic semiconductor thin films (2011)

The crystallite size and cumulative lattice disorder of three prototypical, high-performing organic semiconducting materials are investigated using a Fourier-transform peak shape analysis routine based on the method of Warren and Averbach (WA). A thorough incorporation of error propagation throughout the multistep analysis and a weighted fitting of Fourier-transformed data to the WA model allows for more accurate results than typically obtained and for determination of confidence bounds. We compare results obtained when assuming two types of column-length distributions, and discuss the benefits of each model in terms of simplicity and accuracy. For strongly disordered materials, the determination of a crystallite size is greatly hindered because disorder dominates the coherence length, not finite size. A simple analysis based on trends of peak widths and Lorentzian components of pseudo-Voigt line shapes as a function of diffraction order is also discussed as an approach to more easily and qualitatively assess the amount and type of disorder present in a sample. While applied directly to organic systems, this methodology is general for the accurate deconvolution of crystalline size and lattice disorder for any material investigated with diffraction techniques.