gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Autophagy is a Potential Strategy for Enhancing the Anti-Tumor Effect of Mebendazole in Glioblastoma Cells (2022)

Mebendazole (MBZ), a microtubule depolymerizing drug commonly used for the treatment of helminthic infections, has been suggested as a repositioning candidate for the treatment of brain tumors. However, the efficacy of MBZ needs further study to improve the beneficial effect on the survival of those patients. In this study, we explored a novel strategy to improve MBZ efficacy using a drug combination. When glioblastoma cells were treated with MBZ, cell proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited with an IC<sub>50</sub> of less than 1 μM. MBZ treatment also inhibited glioblastoma cell migration with an IC<sub>50</sub> of less than 3 μM in the Boyden chamber migration assay. MBZ induced G2-M cell cycle arrest in U87 and U373 cells within 24 h. Then, at 72 h of treatment, it mainly caused cell death in U87 cells with an increased sub-G1 fraction, whereas polyploidy was seen in U373 cells. However, MBZ treatment did not affect ERK1/2 activation stimulated by growth factors. The marked induction of autophagy by MBZ was observed, without any increased expression of autophagy-related genes ATG5/7 and Beclin 1. Co-treatment with MBZ and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) markedly enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of MBZ in the cells. Triple combination treatment with temozolomide (TMZ) (another autophagy inducer) further enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of MBZ and CQ. The combination of MBZ and CQ also showed an enhanced effect in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that the modulation of protective autophagy could be an efficient strategy for enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy of MBZ in glioblastoma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOLYTIC CONVERSION OF SOME BICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTANONES INTO 3‐HYDROXY‐ OR 3‐METHOXY‐2‐OXABICYCLO(3.3.0)OCTAN‐2‐ONES (1980)

Abstract Bestrahlung des Ketons (I) durch Quarz‐Filter (QF) nach A) führt zu den cyclischen Acetalen (II) und dem Alken (III); analoge Bestrahlung der Ketone (IVa) (16 h durch "all‐Glas"), (IVb)(2 h; QF) bzw. (IVc) (4 h; QF) liefert die entsprechenden Produkte (V)‐(VII).
Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum encodes two multisubunit membrane‐bound [NiFe] hydrogenases (1999)

Two gene groups, designated energy converting hydrogenase A ( eha ) and energy converting hydrogenase B ( ehb ) , each encoding a putative multisubunit membrane‐bound [NiFe] hydrogenase, were identified in the genome of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum . The length of the transcription units was determined using reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR. The eha operon (12.5 kb) and the ehb operon (9.6 kb) were found to be composed of 20 and 17 open reading frames, respectively. Competitive RT‐PCR was used to compare the amounts of eha and ehb transcripts with the amounts of transcripts of genes encoding the M. thermoautotrophicum catabolic enzymes cyclohydrolase ( mch ) and a subunit of heterodisulfide reductase ( hdrC ). In cells grown under conditions in which H 2 was nonlimiting, the eha transcripts were 250‐fold and 125‐fold less abundant and the ehb transcripts were approximately sixfold and threefold less abundant than the hdrC and mch transcripts, respectively. In cells grown under H 2 limitation, the amounts of eha and ehb transcripts were about threefold higher than in cells grown with sufficient H 2 when compared to the amounts of hdrC and mch transcripts. Sequence analysis of the deduced proteins indicated that the eha and ehb operons each encode a [NiFe] hydrogenase large subunit, a [NiFe] hydrogenase small subunit, and two conserved integral membrane proteins. These proteins show high sequence similarity to subunits of the Ech hydrogenase from Methanosarcina barkeri , Escherichia coli hydrogenases 3 and 4, and CO‐induced hydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, all of which form a distinct group of multisubunit membrane‐bound [NiFe] hydrogenases and show high sequence similarity to the energy‐conserving NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from various organisms. In addition to these four subunits, the eha operon encodes a 6[4Fe–4S] polyferredoxin, a 10[4F–4S] polyferredoxin, four nonconserved hydrophilic subunits, and 10 nonconserved integral membrane proteins; the ehb operon encodes a 2[4Fe–4S] ferredoxin, a 14[4Fe–4S] polyferredoxin, two nonconserved hydrophilic subunits, and nine nonconserved integral membrane proteins. A function of these putative membrane‐bound [NiFe] hydrogenases as proton pumps involved in endergonic reactions, such as the synthesis of formylmethanofuran from CO 2 , H 2 and methanofuran, is discussed.
Assembly of colloidal aggregates by electrohydrodynamic flow: Kinetic experiments and scaling analysis (2004)

Electric fields generate transverse flows near electrodes that sweep colloidal particles into densely packed assemblies. We interpret this behavior in terms of electrohydrodynamic motion stemming from distortions of the field by the particles that alter the body force distribution in the electrode charge polarization layer. A scaling analysis shows how the action of the applied electric field generates fluid motion that carries particles toward one another. The resulting fluid velocity is proportional to the square of the applied field and decreases inversely with frequency. Experimental measurements of the particle aggregation rate accord with the electrohydrodynamic theory over a wide range of voltages and frequencies.
A still-image encoder based on adaptive resolution vector quantization featuring needless calculation elimination architecture (2003)

A still-image encoder based on vector quantization (VQ) has been developed using 0.35-μm triple-metal CMOS technology for encoding a high-resolution still image. The chip employs the needless calculation elimination method and the adaptive resolution VQ (AR-VQ) technique. The needless calculation elimination method can reduce computational cost of VQ encoding to 40% or less of the full-search VQ encoding, while maintaining the accuracy of full-search VQ. AR-VQ realizes a compression ratio of over 1/200 while maintaining image quality. The processor can compress a still image of 1600×2400 pixels within 1 s and operates at 66 MHz with power dissipation of 660 mW under 2.5-V power supply, which is 1000 times larger performance per unit power dissipation than the software implementation on current PCs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modifications of the 4,4′‐Residues and SAR Studies of Biphalin, a Highly Potent Opioid Receptor Active Peptide. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society Ureteroscopy Global Study: Indications, Complications, and Outcomes in 11,885 Patients (2013)

URS is an established minimal invasive treatment for urinary stones with a high success rate and low morbidity. Recent advances have expanded the indication for urinary stones, which now ranges from treatment of smaller sized distal ureter stones by semirigid URS to larger sized renal pelvis stones treated by flexible URS.
Imaging-based molecular barcoding with pixelated dielectric metasurfaces (2018)

Metasurfaces provide opportunities for wavefront control, flat optics, and subwavelength light focusing. We developed an imaging-based nanophotonic method for detecting mid-infrared molecular fingerprints and implemented it for the chemical identification and compositional analysis of surface-bound analytes. Our technique features a two-dimensional pixelated dielectric metasurface with a range of ultrasharp resonances, each tuned to a discrete frequency; this enables molecular absorption signatures to be read out at multiple spectral points, and the resulting information is then translated into a barcode-like spatial absorption map for imaging. The signatures of biological, polymer, and pesticide molecules can be detected with high sensitivity, covering applications such as biosensing and environmental monitoring. Our chemically specific technique can resolve absorption fingerprints without the need for spectrometry, frequency scanning, or moving mechanical parts, thereby paving the way toward sensitive and versatile miniaturized mid-infrared spectroscopy devices.
Nonclassical Crystallization and Core–Shell Structure Formation of Ibuprofen from Binary Solvent Solutions (2022)

Liquid-liquidphase separation (LLPS) or dense liquid intermediates during the crystallization of pharmaceutical molecules is common; however, their role in alternative nucleation mechanisms is less understood. Herein, we report the formation of a dense liquid intermediate followed by a core-shell structure of ibuprofen crystals via nonclassical crystallization. The Raman and SAXS results of the dense phase uncover the molecular structural ordering and its role in nucleation. In addition to the dimer formation of ibuprofen, which is commonly observed in the solution phase, methyl group vibrations in the Raman spectra show intermolecular interactions similar to those in the solid phase. The SAXS data validate the cluster size differences in the supersaturated solution and dense phase. The focused-ion beam cut image shows the attachment of nanoparticles, and we proposed a possible mechanism for the transformation from the dense phase into a core-shell structure. The unstable phase or polycrystalline core and its subsequent dissolution from inside to outside or recrystallization by reversed crystal growth produces the core-shell structure. The LLPS intermediate followed by the core-shell structure and its dissolution enhancement unfold a new perspective of ibuprofen crystallization.
Design of several permanent magnet synchronous generators for high power traction applications (2013)

In this paper, different axial gap permanent magnet generators are designed and compared for one of the Caterpillar truck applications. Various axial gap designs with multiple stators and rotors are carried out and compared with a conventional PM generator in terms of torque density, efficiency, loss, heat dissipation, volume, inertia and weight. The results reveal the advantages of axial gap generators over radial gap generators and that internal rotor double stator disc generator fits the hybrid electric traction application with the given specifications.
Resonant Electronic Coupling Enabled by Small Molecules in Nanocrystal Solids (2014)

The future exploitation of the exceptional properties of nanocrystal (NC) thin films deposited from liquid dispersions of nanoparticles relies upon our ability to produce films with improved electrical properties by simple and inexpensive means. Here, we demonstrate that the electronic conduction of solution-processed NC films can be strongly enhanced without the need of postdeposition treatments, via specific molecules adsorbed at the surfaces of adjacent NCs. This effect is demonstrated for Si NC films doped with the strong molecular oxidizing agent tetrafluoro-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ). Density functional calculations were carried out with molecule-doped superlattice solid models. It is shown that, when populated by electrons, hybrid molecule/NC states edge (and may actually resonate with) the conduction-band states of the NC solid. This provides extra electronic connectivity across the NC network as the molecules effectively flatten the electronic potential barriers for electron transfer across the otherwise vacuum-filled network interstitialcies.
Silicon nanomechanical resonators with a double-triangle cross section leading to an enhanced mass sensitivity (2006)

We report on a silicon nanomechanical resonator fabricated with a double-triangle cross section, leading to an enhanced mass sensing capabilities. We analytically derive the dependence of the mass detection limit on, respectively, the moment of inertia and the cross section of a beam resonator. We conclude that our scaling compatible fabrication scheme can yield an enhancement of as much as 2.3 with regard to regular, rectangular resonators of the same size. We experimentally confirm the shape dependence of the resonant frequency and maximum drive energy, supporting our model for the mass detection limit.
Phosphinooxalines derived from 3-amino- 1,2- diols : highly efficient modular P - N ligands (2007)

International audience
Global nucleosome occupancy in yeast (2004)

The presence of transcription factor-binding motifs is an important determinant of nucleosome depletion. Most motifs are associated with marked depletion only when they appear in combination, consistent with a model in which transcription factors act collaboratively to exclude nucleosomes and gain access to target sites in the DNA. In contrast, Rap1-binding sites cause marked depletion under steady-state conditions. We speculate that nucleosome depletion enables Rap1 to define chromatin domains and alter them in response to environmental cues.
Development status of superconducting rotating machines (2003)

Advances in high temperature superconductors (HTS) are enabling a new class of synchronous rotating machines (supermotors and supergenerators) that can generically be categorized as supermachines. Compared to conventional machines of equivalent rating, these supermachines are expected to be less expensive, lighter, more compact, efficient, and provide significantly superior stable operation in a power system. The field windings are made with HTS conductor material (BSCCO, or Bi-2223) which operates at 35-40 K and can be cooled with inexpensive, off-the-shelf cryocoolers available from a number of manufacturers throughout the world. As is discussed, these advanced supermachines are attractive for use in industrial as well as naval and commercial maritime industry applications. This paper discusses supermachine work at AMSC and other companies. HTS rotating machine technology is maturing rapidly, and electricity producers as well as the end-users will undoubtedly benefit enormously from these advances.
Achieving uniformity and reproducibility for photonic crystal fluorescence enhanced disease diagnostic microarrays (2016)

Photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence (PCEF) enables a nanostructured dielectric surface to amplify the output of a variety of fluorophore-labeled biomolecule assays for applications that include allergy testing, cancer diagnosis, and viral screening. By increasing fluorescent signals, PCEF enables the achievement of reduced limits of detection with portable and low-cost instrumentation. Expanding the utility of PCEF for disease diagnostics requires the automation, uniformity, and reproducibility of all aspects of the measurement and quantification process, including laser scanning of the PC surface and the subsequent data analysis. In this work, we demonstrate a laser scanning detection instrument, optimal selection of the optical “on-resonance” incident angle, and automated fluorescence spot intensity analysis that enables PCEF to be utilized for quantification of the concentration of a diagnostic serum antibody (anti-E7) to human papilloma virus infection. The assay is conducted with a single droplet of serum introduced within a PC-integrated microfluidic cartridge that is inserted into the detection instrument.
Sulfur and Selenium Ylide Bond Enthalpies (2007)

The bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of sulfur and selenium ylides have been estimated by applying MP2/6-311++G(3df,2p)//MP2/6-31G(d,p), G3, and other computational methods. Computed sulfoxide bond enthalpies were compared to experimental results to ensure the reliability of the computational methods before extending to related compounds. The examined ylides include the following: sulfoxides, sulfilimines, S,C-sulfonium ylides, and selenoxides. Selenoxides have BDEs about 10 kcal/mol smaller than the corresponding sulfoxides. N-H sulfilimines and CH2-S,C-sulfonium ylides have low BDEs, unless the sulfilimine or S,C-sulfonium ylide is stabilized by an electronegative substituent on N or C, respectively. Incorporation of the S or Se into a thiophene or selenophene-type ring lowers the BDE for the ylide.
Living with oxos (2018)

The theory of multiple bonding in metal oxos, which accounts for their ground state electronic structures and
spectroscopic properties, predicts that an oxo wall separates Fe-Ru-Os and Co-Rh-Ir in the periodic table.
After reviewing this work, I will discuss the roles metal oxos play in hydrocarbon oxygenation catalyzed by
cytochrome P 450. Interestingly, Jay Winkler and I have found that most P450s have Trp/Tyr chains very near
the heme active sites. We have suggested that uncoupled high-valent iron-oxo intermediates would be reduced
by hole transfer to these chains, thereby protecting P450s from oxidative degrdn.
Coordination complexes and catalytic properties of proteins and related substances. 93. Complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin of finback whale (Balaenoptera physalus) (1978)

The complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from finback whale, Balaenoptera physalus, was determined by the automated Edman degradation of several large peptides obtained by specific cleavages of the protein. Three easily separable peptides were obtained by cleaving with cyanogen bromide at the two methionine residues and one large peptide was isolated after cleavage with (2-p-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolenine. More than 60% of the covalent structure was established by the sequential degradation of three of these peptides and the apomyoglobin. An additional 30% of the primary sequence was established with peptides obtained from tryptic digestion of both the apomyoglobin and the acetimidoapomyoglobin, and the final 10% of the sequence was completed after digestion of the two larger cyanogen bromide peptides with S. aureus strain V8 protease. This myoglobin differs from that of the sperm whale, Physeter catodon, at 15 positions, from that of the arctic minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, at 3 positions, and from that of the California gray whale, Eschrichtius gibbosus, at 4 positions. All of the substitutions observed in this sequence fit easily into the three-dimensional structure of the sperm whale myoglobin.
On the Beamformed Broadcasting for Millimeter Wave Cell Discovery: Performance Analysis and Design Insight (2018)

The availability of abundant spectrum makes millimeter wave (mm-wave) a prominent candidate technology for the next generation of cellular networks. Highly directional transmission is essential for the exploitation of mm-wave bands to compensate for high propagation loss. The directional transmission, nevertheless, necessitates a specific design for mm-wave initial cell discovery, as conventional omni-directional broadcasting may fail in delivering cell discovery information. To address this issue, this paper provides an analytical framework for mm-wave beamformed cell discovery based on an information-theoretic approach. Design options are compared considering four fundamental and representative broadcasting schemes to evaluate discovery latency and overhead. The schemes are then simulated under realistic system parameters. Analytical and simulation results reveal four key findings: 1) analog/hybrid beamforming performs as well as digital beamforming in terms of cell discovery latency; 2) single-beam exhaustive scan optimizes the latency and, however, leads to the overhead penalty; 3) multi-beam simultaneous scan can significantly reduce the overhead and provide the flexibility to achieve tradeoff between the latency and the overhead; and 4) the latency and the overhead are relatively insensitive to extreme low block error rates.
Advances in High-Resolution Ultrafast LuI3:Ce Scintillators for Fast Timing Applications (2020)

Scintillation detectors exhibiting high spatial resolution and fast timing capabilities are of vital importance for synchrotron sources. These detectors may be exposed to a variety of X-ray energies (up to 140 keV) and used in high frame rate applications. Here, we describe the advances in the development of thin-film LuI3:Ce scintillators for higher energy X-ray imaging, with fast timing and high spatial resolution. When grown in a single crystalline form, these scintillators are bright, producing 115 000 photons/MeV. However, to achieve high spatial resolution, these scintillators are grown in thin-film form with a microcolumnar structure, controllable to column diameters of <; 1-$30~\mu \text{m}$ . Thus, a much thicker scintillator layer ($10~\mu \text{m}$ -3 mm or higher) may be grown, providing superior X-ray absorption while achieving high resolutions of $50~\mu \text{m}$ or better, at the cost of reduced light yield. To study the timing characteristics of the scintillator, time-resolved X-ray excited optical luminescence (TR-XEOL) was performed on two different sets of three samples of LuI3 at the 1-BM beamline of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Besides, we report timing measurements obtained using a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and oscilloscope at Radiation Monitoring Devices (RMD) Inc. Using the TR-XEOL, we determined the decay constants of LuI3 as a function of Ce doping, recording a fast decay component as low as 3.6 ns (39%), one of the fastest values recorded in inorganic scintillators. This fast decay opens up numerous novel applications, where ultrahigh frame rates are important using synchrotron X-rays. This article will discuss fabrication, characterization, and potential applications for this novel scintillator.
High-resolution TEM characterization of ZnO core-shell nanowires for dye-sensitized solar cells (2010)

Recently ZnO nanowire films have been used in very promising and inexpensive dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). It was found that the performance of the devices can be enhanced by functionalising the nanowires with a thin metal oxide coating. This nm-scale shell is believed to tailor the electronic structure of the nanowire, and help the absorption of the dye. Core-shell ZnO nanowire structures are synthesised at low temperature (below 120°C) by consecutive hydrothermal growth steps. Different materials are investigated for the coating, including Mg, Al, Cs and Zr oxides. High resolution TEM is used to characterise the quality of both the nanowire core and the shell, and to monitor the thickness and the degree of crystallisation of the oxide coating. The interface between the nanowire core and the outer shell is investigated in order to understand the adhesion of the coating, and give valuable feedback for the synthesis process. Nanowire films are packaged into dye-sensitised solar cell prototypes; samples coated with ZrO2 and MgO show the largest enhancement in the photocurrent and open-circuit voltage and look very promising for further improvement.