gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Roles of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor subtypes in the pathogenesis of the tristetraprolin-deficiency syndrome (2001)

Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a member of the CCCH tandem zinc-finger class of proteins. It can bind to and destabilize mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Conversely, mice deficient in TTP develop a complex syndrome characterized by cachexia, myeloid hyperplasia, and joint and skin inflammation. Studies using anti-TNF-alpha neutralizing antibodies demonstrated that this syndrome, at least in part, is a consequence of the excess production of TNF-alpha in the absence of TTP. To evaluate the role played by each TNF-alpha receptor in the pathogenesis of this syndrome, mice were generated that were deficient in TTP and either or both of the known TNF-alpha receptors (TNFRs), type 1 (TNFR1) and type 2 (TNFR2). Mice deficient in TTP and TNFR1, or in TTP and both receptors, were protected from developing the TNF-alpha-induced cachexia and inflammation. In contrast, mice deficient in TNFR2 were more severely affected than mice deficient in TTP alone, suggesting that TNFR2 might play a protective role in the development of the syndrome. In cultured cells derived from these mice, apparent cooperation between the TNFRs was required to achieve normal TNF-alpha-induced expression of TTP, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF mRNAs. Finally, the results showed that TNFR1 plays an important role in mediating TNF-alpha-induced changes in TNF-alpha and GM-CSF mRNA stability.
Mitigating the Performance-Efficiency Tradeoff in Resilient Memory Disaggregation. (2019)

We present the design and implementation of a low-latency, low-overhead, and highly available resilient disaggregated cluster memory. Our proposed framework can access erasure-coded remote memory within a single-digit {\mu}s read/write latency, significantly improving the performance-efficiency tradeoff over the state-of-the-art - it performs similar to in-memory replication with 1.6x lower memory overhead. We also propose a novel coding group placement algorithm for erasure-coded data, that provides load balancing while reducing the probability of data loss under correlated failures by an order of magnitude.
Extrapituitary Action of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: Direct Inhibition Ovarian Steroidogenesis (1979)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonistic analogs inhibited the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced increase of estrogen and progesterone production in vitro by rat ovarian granulosa cells. Likewise, GnRH analogs inhibited FSH-induced changes in ovarian function in hypophysectomized rats in vivo. These results indicate that GnRH, in addition to its well-known gonadotropin-releasing action in the pituitary, exerts a direct inhibition of ovarian steroidogenesis.
A pyrolysis-based technology for recovering useful materials from IC package molding resin waste (2002)

This paper describes a pyrolysis-based technology for recovering useful materials from molding resin waste, which is the main type of thermosetting plastic waste generated in the fabrication of IC packages. In our pyrolysis of molding resin waste, the main impurities in the recovered silica were carbon (C), antimony (Sb) and phosphoric acid ion (PO/sub 4//sup 3/). The amount of carbon and phosphoric acid ion decreased with increased heating temperature and oxygen concentration. However, the antimony remained constantly between 400 and 1000/spl deg/C because diantimony tetraoxide (Sb/sub 2/O/sub 4/), which is hard to volatilize, was formed by oxidation. Our experimental results suggest that the most effective way to reduce the impurities is to heat at between 1000-1100/spl deg/C and to keep oxygen concentration at about 8 vol%. On the basis of these results, we used a roller kiln type furnace as a prototype practical pyrolysis system for recovering high purity silica. The purity achieved was as follows: C<100 ppm, Sb<1000 ppm, and PO/sub 4//sup 3/<20 ppm, pure enough to be used as inorganic filler for cast insulating materials. The combustion exhaust gas generated by pyrolysis of the molding resin waste was decomposed by a secondary combustion method which was found to decrease organic brominated substances to a sufficiently safe level, and also, to convert the antimony tribromide to diantimony trioxide, which can be collected by a dry recovery process at a high recovery rate and at a useful purity.
Ultrafast Solid State Lasers: Status and Prospects (1994)

Until recently the passively mode-locked dye laser has been the only reliable, widely used source of femtosecond optical pulses. Dramatic advances in all-optical modulation techniques and the appearance of novel broadband solid state gain media over the last few years opened up a new era in femtosecond pulse technology [1]. More than two decades after the first demonstration of a picosecond mode-locked laser, we have recently witnessed the emergence and evolution of a new generation of ultrashort-pulse lasers based exclusively on solid state components [2]. Intensive research efforts resulted in a good understanding of the basic physical processes dominating pulse formation in these novel sources [3], giving rise to a rapid progress of femtosecond solid state laser technology. This research culminated in the generation of sub-20 fs optical pulses directly from Ti:sapphire laser oscillators [4].
Supplemental Figure 3 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3&lt;/p&gt;
Investigation of Thermal Behavior on High-Performance Organic TFTs Using Phase Separated Organic Semiconductors (2021)

This study investigates the thermal behavior of small molecule and polymer blend (TMTES-Pentacene based) organic thin-film transistors, which exhibit high mobility and excellent on/off ratios. Solution-processed TMTES-Pentacene was formulated with a high-k polymer binder to achieve both high mobility and excellent device to device uniformity. The activation energy was extracted using the Arrhenius equation from the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{\text {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> - <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> transfer characteristics measured over a range of temperatures. Different activation energies were observed in distinct temperature regions. The corresponding transfer mechanism was explained by the unstable <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\pi }-\boldsymbol {\pi } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> packing caused by steric effects in TMTES-Pentacene, which is similar to the strain-bond-induced defect states in amorphous silicon bonding.
Modulation of nitric oxide bioavailability by erythrocytes (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in smooth muscle cells to induce vasodilation in the vasculature. However, as hemoglobin (Hb) is an effective scavenger of NO and is present in high concentrations inside the red blood cell (RBC), the bioavailability of NO would be too low to elicit soluble guanylyl cyclase activation in the presence of blood. Therefore, NO bioactivity must be preserved. Here we present evidence suggesting that the RBC participates in the preservation of NO bioactivity by reducing NO influx. The NO uptake by RBCs was increased and decreased by altering the degree of band 3 binding to the cytoskeleton. Methemoglobin and denatured hemoglobin binding to the RBC membrane or cytoskeleton also were shown to contribute to reducing the NO uptake rate of the RBC. These alterations in NO uptake by the RBC, hence the NO bioavailability, were determined to correlate with the vasodilation of isolated blood vessels. Our observations suggest that RBC membrane and cytoskeleton associated NO-inert proteins provide a barrier for NO diffusion and thus account for the reduction in the NO uptake rate of RBCs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Functionalized Polyfluoropyridazin‐3(2H)‐one Derivatives. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Three‐dimensional porous alginate scaffolds provide a conducive environment for generation of well‐vascularized embryoid bodies from human embryonic stem cells (2004)

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be instigated through the formation of embryo-like aggregates in suspension, termed human embryoid bodies (hEBs). Controlling cell aggregation and agglomeration during hEBs formation has a profound effect on the extent of cell proliferation and differentiation. In a previous work, we showed that control over hEBs formation and differentiation can be achieved via cultivation of hESC suspensions in a rotating bioreactor system. We now report that hEBs can be generated directly from hESC suspensions within three-dimensional (3D) porous alginate scaffolds. The confining environments of the alginate scaffold pores enabled efficient formation of hEBs with a relatively high degree of cell proliferation and differentiation; encouraged round, small-sized hEBs; and induced vasculogenesis in the forming hEBs to a greater extent than in static or rotating cultures. We therefore conclude that differentiation of hEBs can be induced and directed by physical constraints in addition to chemical cues.
Plasmonic photonic crystals realized through DNA-programmable assembly (2014)

Three-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals have well-established enhanced light-matter interactions via high Q factors. Their plasmonic counterparts based on arrays of nanoparticles, however, have not been experimentally well explored owing to a lack of available synthetic routes for preparing them. However, such structures should facilitate these interactions based on the small mode volumes associated with plasmonic polarization. Herein we report strong light-plasmon interactions within 3D plasmonic photonic crystals that have lattice constants and nanoparticle diameters that can be independently controlled in the deep subwavelength size regime by using a DNA-programmable assembly technique. The strong coupling within such crystals is probed with backscattering spectra, and the mode splitting (0.10 and 0.24 eV) is defined based on dispersion diagrams. Numerical simulations predict that the crystal photonic modes (Fabry-Perot modes) can be enhanced by coating the crystals with a silver layer, achieving moderate Q factors (∼10(2)) over the visible and near-infrared spectrum.
<title>Mars Organic Detector III: a versatile instrument for detection of bio-organic signatures on Mars</title> (2003)

Recent advances in the development of microfabricated lab-on-a-chip analysis systems have enhanced the feasibility and capabilities of <i>in situ</i> chemical and biochemical analyzers. While a wide variety of bio-organic molecules can be probed, we have focused our initial studies on the development of an amino acid analyzer with the hypothesis that extraterrestrial life would be based on homochiral amino acid polymers. In previous work, we developed a prototype electrophoresis chip, detection system and analysis method where the hydrolyzed amino acids were labeled with fluorescein and then analyzed in minutes via a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separation in the presence of &#947;-cyclodextrin as the chiral recognition agent. In more recent work, we have demonstrated the feasibility of performing amino acid composition and chirality analyses using fluorescamine as the labeling reagent. Fluorescamine is advantageous because it reacts more rapidly with amino acids, has a low fluorescence background and because such a chemistry would interface directly with the Mars Organic Detector (MOD-I) concept being developed at Scripps. A more advanced analysis system called MOD-III is introduced here with the ability to analyze zwitterionic amino acids, nucleobases, sugars, and organic acids and bases using novel capture matrix chemistries. MOD-III, which is enabled by the nanoliter valves, pumps and reactors presented here, will provide a wide spectrum of organic chemical analyses and is suitable for a variety of <i>in situ </i>missions.
Electronic filing of medical images-its costs, reimbursement and standardization (2002)

The cost comparison of electronic medical image filing with conventional storage, and the reimbursement of its cost from the health insurance foundation has become an urgent key issue. The annual costs of electronic medical image filing were estimated and compared with that of film storage in two hospitals of different conditions. The storage of medical images of pixel size 100 /spl mu/m/spl times/100 /spl mu/m and 2-byte depth in the 130 mm, 650 MB magneto-optical disks costs us four times as much as that of films. But 175 /spl mu/m/spl times/175 /spl mu/m and 12 bits and implementation of lossless compression would reduce the cost to equal that of films. Doubled or tripled densities of MOD will improve the costs. Methods of cost reimbursement, remuneration and equipment depreciation are proposed. The relation between development of standard, cost reduction, and reimbursement are discussed.
Reducing Glycosphingolipid Content in Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice Restores Insulin Sensitivity, Adipogenesis and Reduces Inflammation (2009)

Adipose tissue is a critical mediator in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Previously we have demonstrated that pharmacological lowering of glycosphingolipids and subsequently GM3 by using the iminosugar AMP-DNM, strikingly improves glycemic control. Here we studied the effects of AMP-DNM on adipose tissue function and inflammation in detail to provide an explanation for the observed improved glucose homeostasis. Leptin-deficient obese (Lep(Ob)) mice were fed AMP-DNM and its effects on insulin signalling, adipogenesis and inflammation were monitored in fat tissue. We show that reduction of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis in adipose tissue of Lep(Ob) mice restores insulin signalling in isolated ex vivo insulin-stimulated adipocytes. We observed improved adipogenesis as the number of larger adipocytes was reduced and expression of genes like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, insulin responsive glucose transporter (GLUT)-4 and adipsin increased. In addition, we found that adiponectin gene expression and protein were increased by AMP-DNM. As a consequence of this improved function of fat tissue we observed less inflammation, which was characterized by reduced numbers of adipose tissue macrophages (crown-like structures) and reduced levels of the macrophage chemo attractants monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (Mcp-1/Ccl2) and osteopontin (OPN). In conclusion, pharmacological lowering of glycosphingolipids by inhibition of glucosylceramide biosynthesis improves adipocyte function and as a consequence reduces inflammation in adipose tissue of obese animals.
pH-Responsive Polymer Microspheres: Rapid Release of Encapsulated Material within the Range of Intracellular pH (2001)

Mikrokügelchen aus einem neuen Poly(β-aminoester) zersetzen sich langsam bei pH 7.4 (fluoreszenzmikroskopische Aufnahme, links), aber lösen sich schnell bei pH-Werten unter 6.5 (rechts); so kann schnell und quantitativ das darin eingeschlossene Material freigesetzt werden. Da die winzigen Kügelchen sich bei einem pH-Wert lösen, der innerhalb des intrazellulären pH-Bereiches liegt, könnten sie als intrazelluläre Wirkstoff-Vehikel eingesetzt werden.
Long‐term prognosis of scar and non‐scar cancers of the breast (1990)

The prognostic significance of histopathologic classification of ductal breast carcinoma as scar and non-scar types was studied among 311 patients with breast cancer, followed up for a minimum of 22 years after the diagnosis or until death. Ninety-six (31%) cancers were of scar type and they had a more favourable prognosis than the cancers of non-scar type (p = 0.0001). The scar cancers were more often well differentiated (p less than 0.0001), had more pronounced inflammatory cell reaction (p less than 0.0001), less nuclear pleomorphism (p less than 0.0001), less tumor necrosis (p less than 0.0001), and a lower mitotic rate (p less than 0.0001) than the non-scar cancers. It was less common for patients with scar cancer to have axillary lymph node metastases (p = 0.01) and their primary tumor was smaller (p = 0.006). In flow cytometric analysis the scar cancers were more often DNA diploid (p = 0.004) with S-phase fraction below the median (p = 0.0002). In a multivariate analysis the association of cancer with a scar did not appear as an independent prognostic factor, whereas histologic grade (p less than 0.001) and extent of tumor necrosis (p less than 0.001) did. We conclude that the classification of breast cancer as scar and non-scar types has less prognostic value than the conventional histopathologic grading.
Efficacy and Safety of Antioxidant Treatment With α-Lipoic Acid Over 4 Years in Diabetic Polyneuropathy (2011)

Four-year treatment with ALA in mild-to-moderate DSPN did not influence the primary composite end point but resulted in a clinically meaningful improvement and prevention of progression of neuropathic impairments and was well tolerated. Because the primary composite end point did not deteriorate significantly in placebo-treated subjects, secondary prevention of its progression by ALA according to the trial design was not feasible.
Synergies between Unsaturated Zn/Cu Doping Sites in Carbon Dots Provide New Pathways for Photocatalytic Oxidation (2017)

Unsaturated metal species (UMS) confined in nanomaterials play important roles for electron transfer in a wide range of catalytic reactions. However, the limited fabrication methods of UMS restrict their wider catalytic applications. Here, we report on the synergy of unsaturated Zn and Cu dopants confined in carbon dots (ZnCu-CDs) to produce enhanced electron transfer and photooxidation processes in the doped CDs. The Zn/Cu species chelate with the carbon matrix mainly through Cu–O(N)–Zn–O(N)–Cu complexes. Within this structure, Cu2+ acts as a mild oxidizer that facilely increases the unsaturated Zn content and also precisely tunes the unsaturated Zn valence state to Znd+, where d is between 1 and 2, instead of Zn0. With the help of UMS, electron-transfer pathways are produced, enhancing both the electron-donating (7.0 times) and -accepting (5.3 times) abilities relative to conventional CDs. Because of these synergistic effects, the photocatalytic efficiency of CDs in photooxidation reactions is shown to improve more than 5-fold.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 7 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors
Arithmetic logic units with high error detection rates to counteract fault attacks (2011)

Modern security-aware embedded systems need protection against fault attacks. These attacks rely on intentionally induced faults. Such intentional faults have not only a different origin, but also a different nature than errors that fault-tolerant systems usually have to face. For instance an adversary who attacks the circuit with two lasers can potentially induce two errors at different positions. Such errors can not only defeat simple double modular redundancy schemes, but as we show, also naive schemes based on any linear code over GF(2). In this article, we describe arithmetic logic units (ALUs) which provide high error detection rates even in the presence of such errors. The contribution in this article is threefold. First, we show that the minimum weight of an undetected error is no longer defined by the code distance when certain arithmetic and logic operations are applied to the codewords. As a result, additional hardware is needed to preserve the minimum error weight for a given code. Second, we show that for multi-residue codes, these delicate operations are rare in typical smart card applications. This allows for an efficient time-area trade-off for checking the codewords and thus to significantly reduce the hardware costs for such a protected ALU. Third, we implement the proposed architectures and study the influence of the register file and a multiplier on the area and on the critical path.
Multi-omics approach to analyze the molecular pato-physiology of the low T3 syndrome, observed in COVID-19 patients (2021)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
First-in-human, first-in-class phase 1 study of a novel oral multi-AGC kinase inhibitor AT13148 in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. (2014)

2554 Background: Aberrant signaling through the AGC kinases is implicated as a critical driver of multiple cancers. AT13148 is a novel multi-AGC kinase inhibitor, which potently inhibits AKT, P70S6K, PKA and ROCKI/II. Following promising in vivoantitumor activity through mechanisms distinct from specific AKT inhibitors, a phase I trial was initiated. Methods: Pts with advanced solid tumors were enrolled onto study using a standard 3+3 dose escalation strategy. AT13148 was given orally on days (D) 1, 3 and 5 of every week, in 28-day cycles. The starting dose was 5mg, with a 4-week dose limiting toxicity (DLT) period. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were assessed after a run-in dose (D1-7) and at cycle (C)2 D1. Pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers for AKT signaling were analyzed in tumor, platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hair follicles at multiple timepoints. Results: 14 pts were treated with AT13148 (7M: 7F; 4 ECOG 0, 10 ECOG 1). Median age 57y. Median duration of treatment was 40 days (range 25-76). AT13148 was well tolerated with no drug-related toxicities observed. No DLTs have been observed in 9 evaluable pts in 3 completed dose levels (5, 10 and 20mg). PK analysis in 3 pts at 20mg AT13148 demonstrated Cmax between 18-50nmol/L , with Tmax of 4h. The average T1/2was 24h resulting in a 2 fold increase in exposure on cycle 2. Preliminary PD data in PRP showed no modulation of pAKT, pGSK3β or pP70S6K at the first 2 dose levels i.e. 5 and 10mg cohorts. 2 pts currently remain on study in the 20mg cohort. Conclusions: AT13148 was well tolerated and showed no drug-related toxicities at 5, 10 and 20mg doses. Preliminary PK and PD data are in keeping with early phases of dose escalation. Dose escalation will continue until a MTD is established. Clinical trial information: NCT01585701.
Microenvironment Mimicry (2010)

Muscle stem cells cultured in vitro retain regenerative ability when conditions reflect the physical nature of their in vivo environment.