gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Superparamagnetic Polylactide Nanoparticles by Combination of Miniemulsion and Emulsion/Solvent Evaporation Techniques (2009)

Abstract Biodegradable and fluorescent polylactide nanospheres loaded with iron oxide particles of different sizes (either 10 or 25 nm) were prepared by the combination of miniemulsion and emulsion/solvent evaporation techniques. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies indicate that the obtained particles have uniform and spherical shape with an average size between 80–120 nm. The size of the particles mainly depends on the molecular weight of the used polylactide. The iron oxide content and the encapsulation homogeneity were determined from the thermogravimetric analysis and preparative ultracentrifugation, respectively. The obtained particles displayed superparamagnetic properties. Additional incorporation of the hydrophobic fluorescent dye gives the possibility to employ the obtained composite particles as model markers in order to study, for example, cellular uptake mechanism. magnified image
Molecular Conformations of Protonated Dipropylamine in AlPO4-11, AlPO4-31, SAPO-34, and AlPO4-41 Molecular Sieves (2006)

The host-guest interactions in AlPO4-11, AlPO4-31, SAPO-34, and AlPO4-41 molecular sieves prepared using the same organic structure-directing agent, i.e., dipropylamine, are investigated by a combination of Raman, 13C and 1H MAS NMR, and computer modeling studies. It was found that the organic molecules trapped within the pores of these four AlPO4-based materials exist as their protonated form and adopt distinct conformations in order to fit well with the pore structure of each host. In particular, the presence of two different types of conformations of protonated dipropylamine in the circular 12-ring channels of AlPO4-31 has been ascertained.
Experimental determination of flux control distribution in biochemical systems: In vitro model to analyze transient metabolite concentrations (1993)

Determination of the control coefficients allows the identification of rate-controlling steps in a reaction system. However, the measurement of the flux control coefficients in a biochemical system is not a trivial task, except for some special cases. We have developed a theoretical basis for the direct determination of these coefficients from dynamic responses. In order to show the validity of this methodology experimentally, the dynamic approach is applied to an in vitro reconstituted partial glycolytic pathway to determine the flux control coefficients of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. It is shown that the dynamic approach gives consistent results, which agree well with values obtained by the direct enzyme titration method. The detailed procedure and potential applications to other systems, such as immobilized enzyme or cell reactors, are discussed.
Entropic Selectivity Analysis of a Series of Polypyrrolones for Gas Separation Membranes (1999)

A series of 6FDA/PMDA−TAB polypyrrolone copolymers has been shown to exhibit performance lying on or above the so-called O2/N2 upper bound membrane separation tradeoff limit. Further analysis of diffusion in these high performance materials can potentially guide future structural enhancements, which may lead to improved separation properties. This work compares and analyzes diffusion in this attractive family of hyperrigid polymers using entropic and energetic selectivities. When the polymer structure and penetrant sizes are examined, possible polymer matrix configurations can be discussed with regard to the entropy of the molecules in the normal and activated states. This analysis extends to O2/CH4 and N2/CH4 entropic selectivities, which corroborate the trend observed with the O2/N2 gas pair, but the changes are more pronounced due to the larger difference in penetrant size.
bTMB-High Basket trial: A multicenter phase II trial of nivolumab monotherapy in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers with high blood tumor mutational burden (bTMB). (2019)

TPS179 Background: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been reported to effectively identify patients likely to respond to ICIs by effectively and non-invasively evaluating the TMB in the tumor in NSCLC and gastric cancer. Methods: We are conducting an investigator-initiated multicenter phase II basket trial to investigate efficacy and safety of nivolumab monotherapy in patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancers with high bTMB identified by ctDNA analysis as part of the Nationwide Cancer Genome Screening Project (SCRUM-Japan GI-SCREEN). Eligibility criteria include histologically confirmed unresectable or recurrent GI malignancies; ECOG PS of 0 or 1; refractory or intolerant to the standard therapies; and high bTMB identified by a 73-gene sequencing ctDNA panel (Guardant360) regardless of microsatellite instability status. Patients will be enrolled into one of four disease-specific cohorts (colorectal, gastric, esophageal, and other GI cancer cohort), and receive intravenous nivolumab monotherapy of 360 mg every 3 weeks. The bTMB score is calculated by adjustment of mutation count by tumor fraction, and tentative bTMB level cut-offs were determined according to objective response rate (ORR) reported for ICI treatment for each tumor subtype in previous trials. The trial will utilize a two-stage design with a Bayesian hierarchical model, and tentative bTMB level cut-off will be re-assessed in the first stage. Primary endpoint in each stage is the disease control rate at 6 week and the ORR assessed by investigators per RECIST v1.1, respectively. Target sample size is determined as 70 in total so that the statistical power in each disease-specific cohort calculated based on a Bayesian posterior distribution attains 70 to 80% with one-sided alpha level in each cohort of approximately 10%. For biomarker analysis, tumor tissue and ctDNA will be serially collected and analyzed by whole-exome, transcriptome, and T cell receptor sequencing. This trial was initiated since September 2018. Clinical trial information: UMIN000033182.
Direct Binding of Thyrotropin Receptor Autoantibody to In Vitro Translated Thyrotropin Receptor: A Comparison to Radioreceptor Assay and Thyroid Stimulating Bioassay (1999)

Graves' disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), which are pathogenic and responsible for disease activity. It is well recognized that the autoantibodies are heterogeneous and recognize a number of different conformational dependent epitopes on the TSHR. In this study, we have extended our previous observations to study the interaction of Graves' disease autoantibodies with TSHR ectodomain produced by in vitro transcription and translation reaction. The specific activity of the translated TSHR ectodomain has been increased by a log fold by adding an efficient ribosome binding Kozak sequence before the translation initiation codon as well as double labelling with 35S-methionine and 35S-cysteine during the translation reaction. Addition of canine pancreatic microsomes to the translation mix showed that the glycosylation of TSHR ectodomain did not occur efficiently for the nascent receptor protein. In order to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the improved assay with nonglycosylated TSHR ectodomain, we have studied 331 sera from Graves' disease patients and as controls 100 sera from patients with nonthyroid autoimmune disorders as well as sera from 200 normal control subjects with no family history of thyroid autoimmunity. With this large cohort of sera from Graves' disease and control individuals, 25% of Graves' disease sera immunoprecipitated the dual labeled, in vitro transcribed and translated TSHR ectodomain, exceeding the 98th percentile of the control sera. There was no correlation between the autoantibodies that immunoprecipitate the in vitro translated TSHR ectodomain and those that inhibit iodinated TSH binding in the radioreceptor assay and those with biological activity in a bioassay. The data are consistent with the finding that a proportion of Graves' disease autoantibodies can interact directly with TSHR ectodomain produced by in vitro transcription and translation. However, in contrast to the wide use of similar translation and immunoprecipitation assays to measure other autoantibodies for the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes, the TSHR immunoprecipitation on its own is unsuitable for diagnosis of Graves' disease.
Corrugated Pore Model for Design of Non-Precious Oxygen Reduction Cathodes (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The use of metformin in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review of efficacy. (2011)

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: As adding metformin to insulin therapy has been advocated in type 1 diabetes, we conducted a systematic review of published clinical trials and clinical trial databases to assess the effects on HbA(1c), weight, insulin-dose requirement and adverse effects.METHODS: We constructed evidence tables and fitted a fixed-effects model (inverse variance method) in order to assess heterogeneity between studies and give a crude measure of each overall treatment effect.RESULTS: Of 197 studies identified, nine involved randomisation with informed consent of patients with type 1 diabetes to metformin (vs placebo or comparator) in either a parallel or crossover design for at least 1 week. We noted marked heterogeneity in study design, drug dose, age of participants and length of follow-up. Metformin was associated with reductions in: (1) insulin-dose requirement (5.7-10.1 U/day in six of seven studies); (2) HbA(1c) (0.6-0.9% in four of seven studies); (3) weight (1.7-6.0 kg in three of six studies); and (4) total cholesterol (0.3-0.41 mmol/l in three of seven studies). Metformin was well tolerated, albeit with a trend towards increased hypoglycaemia. Formal estimates of combined effects from the five trials which reported appropriate data indicated a significant reduction in insulin dose (6.6 U/day, p < 0.001) but no significant reduction in HbA(1c) (absolute reduction 0.11%, p = 0.42). No reported trials included cardiovascular outcomes.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Metformin reduces insulin-dose requirement in type 1 diabetes but it is unclear whether this is sustained beyond 1 year and whether there are benefits for cardiovascular and other key clinical outcomes. PMID: 20057994
Estimation of voltage sensitivities to power injections using smart meter data (2018)

The rollout of smart metering infrastructure brings new opportunities to better monitor and model low voltage systems. This paper presents a novel methodology to estimate the sensitivities of voltages to power injections using smart meter data. Unlike previous works, this paper focuses on how some highly correlated active and reactive power measurements affect the estimated parameters. Moreover, a clustering-based algorithm is proposed as a viable alternative when the number of unknown parameters needs to be reduced, without compromising the accuracy of the estimations. Power flow calculations of the IEEE European test system are performed to simulate the smart meter information. The tests demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithms with noisy and correlated measurements.
Differing rates of loss of DPC4 expression and of p53 overexpression among carcinomas of the proximal and distal bile ducts (2001)

BACKGROUND Biliary tract carcinomas are clinically heterogeneous. It is not known if molecular heterogeneity underlies the clinical differences. METHODS The authors evaluated 128 bile duct carcinomas, 88 of the distal common bile duct and 40 of more proximal origin (28 perihilar carcinomas, 12 intrahepatic carcinomas), immunohistochemically for abnormalities in the expression of the products of the DPC4 and p53 tumor-suppressor genes. Prognostic factors were evaluated in the series of distal bile duct carcinomas for which follow-up information was available. RESULTS The authors found that a significantly higher percentage of distal bile duct carcinomas (55%) demonstrated loss of DPC4 expression than did the proximal bile duct carcinomas (15%; P < 0.001). They also found that a significantly higher percentage of the distal tumors abnormally expressed the p53 gene product (51% vs. 26%; P < 0.001). Among the distal common bile duct carcinomas, the presence of poorly differentiated histology correlated with decreased survival in multivariate analysis, while labeling for p53 or Dpc4, margin status, lymph node status, and tumor dimension did not correlate significantly with survival. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that abnormalities in DPC4 and p53 gene expression are frequent in distal common bile duct carcinomas, just as they are in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these two tumor types might share a similar molecular pathogenesis. They also show that proximal and distal bile duct carcinomas have different patterns of inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, indicating that they often arise through different molecular mechanisms likely reflecting their differing etiologies. Cancer 2001;91:1332–41. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
The role of the Maillard reaction in other pathologies: Alzheimer's disease (1996)

Many approaches have and are being undertaken to treat Alzheimer's disease but, as yet, no therapy is available with any established efficacy. Given the heterogeneity of the aetiological factors involved in Alzheimer's disease and the difficulties encountered in the clinical diagnosis, the lack of pharmacological success is not surprising. Furthermore, the lack of an adequate animal model of Alzheimer's disease has delayed the development of novel therapeutic strategies. At present, and with the exception of the rarer forms of familial Alzheimer's disease, the need remains to treat the symptoms rather than the causes of the disease, primarily because the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is still unknown. The evidence for the role of glycation and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques, the characteristic histopathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease, is briefly reviewed. While the role of glycation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is not yet unequivocally proven, it is the only single protein modification that would explain the formation of both the characteristic histopathological lesions first described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907. With our improved understanding of the molecular basis for the clinical symptoms of dementia, it is hoped that the aetiological causes will afford more suitable targets for therapeutic intervention. In this respect it is interesting to note that the anti-inflammatory compounds indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid, both inhibitors of the Maillard reaction, have been reported to have therapeutic potential and the nootropic agent tenilsetam inhibits protein cross-linking by AGEs.
THE EX UTERO INTRAPARTUM TREATMENT PROCEDURE FOR A LARGE FETAL NECK MASS IN A TWIN GESTATION (1999)

Background Large fetal neck masses can make it difficult or impossible to secure airways at birth, with associated risks of hypoxia, brain injury, and death. Based on a MEDLINE search from 1966 to June 1998, using the keywords EXIT procedure, placental support, twins, and neck mass, we report the first ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure performed in a twin gestation complicated by a large fetal neck mass. Case A giant fetal cervical mass was diagnosed in one fetus of a 20-week twin gestation by sonography and magnetic resonance imaging. At 35 weeks' gestation, the ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure was performed successfully for delivery of the normal twin, followed by intrapartum airway access of the twin with the neck mass. Conclusion Even in twin gestations, the ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure is the delivery method of choice for fetuses with giant neck masses.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Functional Characterization of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1–Like, a Novel Candidate for Antivascular Cancer Therapy (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Functional Characterization of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1–Like, a Novel Candidate for Antivascular Cancer Therapy
Automatically exploiting implicit parallelism in Java (1997)

In this paper we show how implicit parallelism in Java programs can be made explicit by a restructuring compiler using the multi-threading mechanism of the language. In particular, we focus on automatically exploiting implicit parallelism in loops and multi-way recursive methods. Expressing parallelism in Java itself clearly has the advantage that the transformed program remains portable. After compilation of the transformed Java program into byte-code, speedup can be obtained on any platform on which the Java byte-code interpreter supports the true parallel execution of threads. Moreover, we will see that the transformations presented in this paper only induce a slight overhead on uni-processors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel functionalized electrolyte for MCMB/Li1.156Mn1.844O4 lithium-ion cells (2011)

A novel functionalized electrolyte based on Li2B12F9H3 was investigated to improve the electrochemical and safety performance of lithium-ion cells using a lithium manganese oxide spinel positive electrode and a mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) negative electrode. The test results showed that Li2B12F9H3 can act both as the lithium salt, like the conventional LiPF6, and as the redox shuttle for overcharge protection of lithium-ion cells. In addition, the performance of the lithium-ion cells was dramatically improved by the addition of lithium bis(oxalato)borate and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as electrolyte additives. With the help of the proposed additives, MCMB/Li1.156Mn1.844O4lithium ion cells maintained more than 85% capacity after 1200 cycles.
Modeling the Effect of Imperfections in Glassblown Micro-Wineglass Fused Quartz Resonators (2017)

In this paper, we developed an analytical model, supported by experimental results, on the effect of imperfections in glassblown micro-wineglass fused quartz resonators. The analytical model predicting the frequency mismatch due to imperfections was derived based on a combination of the Rayleigh's energy method and the generalized collocation method. The analytically predicted frequency of the n = 2 wineglass mode shape was within 10% of the finite element modeling results and within 20% of the experimental results for thin shells, showing the fidelity of the predictive model. The postprocessing methods for improvement of the resonator surface quality were also studied. We concluded that the thermal reflow of fused quartz achieves the best result, followed in effectiveness by the RCA-1 surface treatment. All the analytical models developed in this paper are to guide the manufacturing methods to reduce the frequency and damping mismatch, and to increase the mechanical quality factor of the device.
Accounting For Polarization In Electrooptical Systems (1987)

For the majority of optical systems it is typically assumed that the transmitted wavefront has uniform (or Gaussian) amplitude and constant polarization state. This is the default assumption of geometrical optics. This paper considers methods suitable for analyzing systems where this assumption is not valid. Such methods of polarization analysis include polarization ray tracing and polarization aberration theory. Definitions of the basic classes of polarization phenomena and a review of the Jones calculus are included to form a basis for the discussion.
Introduction to Multiphase Homogeneous Catalysis (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Attenuation of autoimmune disease in fas‐deficient mice by treatment with a cytotoxic benzodiazepine (2003)

Bz-423 is a novel immunomodulatory agent that is active against disease even in the context of defective Fas signaling. It is a leading compound for further investigation into the development of selective therapies for lupus.
Plasmonic Nanophotonics: Coupling Light to Nanoscale via Plasmons (2005)

An incompatibility between light wavelength at the microscale and devices at the nanoscale can be addressed with plasmonic nanostructures. Plasmonic nanophotonics promises to create new prospects for sensing molecules and guiding light on the nanoscale
Direct observation of anomalously low longitudinal electron heat conductivity in the course of collective relaxation of a high-current relativistic electron beam in plasma (2003)

The experimental results on a multiple-mirror trap GOL-3 with a short section of reduced magnetic field (“magnetic pit”) are presented. The reduced specific energy release from a relativistic electron beam in the pit brings about a region with a temperature several times lower than in the surrounding plasma. The existence of the low-temperature region directly demonstrates that the longitudinal electron heat conductivity is suppressed in the collective electron-beam interaction with plasma.
Implementation of DCT-domain motion estimation and compensation (2002)

Hybrid video compression schemes store an entire image for predictive coding. Traditionally, this image is stored in the time domain needing almost 5 Mbit of memory for main-level image format. The amount of storage space can be reduced if the data is stored in the runlength encoding-discrete cosine transform (RLE-DCT) domain, even using the available compression and buffer-control algorithm to guarantee a storage amount. We show that a hardware implementation is feasible and worthwhile in relation to traditional encoders. Motion estimation is performed by recursive block-matching, at sub-pixel accuracy.
Induction of protein and glycoprotein synthesis in rat submandibular glands by isoproterenol. (1983)

A family of proline-rich proteins which contain over 40% proline and a glycoprotein were isolated from submandibular glands of isoproterenol-treated rats by extraction with 10% trichloroacetic acid and fractionation of the acid-soluble portion on Bio-Gel A-1.5m. The proline-rich proteins were subsequently separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins were detected by formaldehyde fixation and Coomassie staining. After elution from the gels, amino acid compositions were determined. The family of proline-rich proteins (about six) appears to be qualitatively identical with a family of proteins from parotid glands of isoproterenol-treated rats (Muenzer J., Bildstein, C., Gleason, M., and Carlson, D. M. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5623-5628, 5629-5634), except for a substantial change in the relative amount of each protein. An acid-soluble glycoprotein (GP-158) was not detected in extracts of submandibular glands of normal rats, but GP-158 was highly induced by isoproterenol treatment. This glycoprotein has an apparent Mr = 158,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major amino acids were Asx, 13%; Glx, 18%; Pro, 29% and Gly, 11%. GP-158 contained about 37% carbohydrate, and its sugar composition on a molar basis was mannose, 3.0; galactose, 2.1; N-acetylglucosamine, 3.5; fucose, 1.2; and sialic acid (N-glycolyl(4-O-acetyl)neuraminic acid), 0.9. N-Acetylgalactosamine was not detected. A glycopeptide isolated from GP-158 had the same sugar composition as GP-158. The amino acid sequence of the glycopeptide was shown to be Asp-Gly-(Asn)-Gln-Thr-Gln-Pro-Arg-Pro-(Gly-Pro). Only the parotid and submandibular glands of rats responded in this dramatic fashion to isoproterenol. The isoproterenol-treated rat is considered an appropriate model system for studying the overall effects of catecholamine beta-agonists on gene expression in these secretory tissues.