gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capsular polysaccharide vaccine for Group BNeisseria meningitidis,Escherichia coliK1, andPasteurella haemolyticaA2 (2011)

We reviewed the literature that is the basis for our proposal that (2→8)-α-Neu5Ac conjugates will be safe and effective vaccines for Group B meningococci (GBMs), Escherichia coli K1, and Pasteurella haemolytica A2. Although (2→8)-α-Neu5Ac is a virulence factor and a protective antigen of these three pathogens, it is also a component of normal tissues (neural cell adhesion molecule). Natural, anti-(2→8)-α-Neu5Ac present in most adults, vaccine-induced antibodies, and even high levels of spontaneously appearing monoclonal anti-(2→8)-α-Neu5Ac did not cause autoimmunity. Although it is not possible to prove a null hypothesis, there are no epidemiologic, serologic, immunologic, or clinical data to indicate that (2→8)-α-Neu5Ac antibodies will induce pathology or an autoimmune disease. No increased pathology caused by these antibodies was found, even in neonates and infants of mothers recovered from GBM meningitis. The lack of pathology mediated by anti-(2→8)-α-Neu5Ac may be explained by different presentations of (2→8)-α-Neu5Ac on bacterial and mammalian cells and by the unusual physicochemical properties of anti-(2→8)-α-Neu5Ac. Based on clinical and experimental data collected over 30 y and because (2→8)-α-Neu5Ac is an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen for GBM, E. coli K1, and P. haemolytica A2, protein conjugates of it are easy to prepare using inexpensive and plentiful ingredients, and they would be compatible with routinely administered infant vaccines, clinical studies of these conjugates should proceed.
Total Synthesis of Goniocin and Cyclogoniodenin T. Unique Biosynthetic Implications (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTotal Synthesis of Goniocin and Cyclogoniodenin T. Unique Biosynthetic ImplicationsSantosh C. Sinha, Anjana Sinha, Subhash C. Sinha, and Ehud KeinanView Author Information Department of Molecular Biology and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 Department of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 16, 4017–4018Publication Date (Web):April 14, 1998Publication History Received24 October 1997Published online14 April 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/ja973696dCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views491Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (56 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Chemical structure,Ethers,Organic reactions,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Spin Wave Based Approximate Computing (2021)

By their very nature Spin Waves (SWs) enable the realization of energy efficient circuits, as they propagate and interfere within waveguides without consuming noticeable energy. However, SW computing can be even more energy efficient by taking advantage of the approximate computing paradigm as many applications, e.g., multimedia and social media, are error-tolerant. In this paper, we propose an ultra-low energy Approximate Full Adder (AFA) and an Approximate 2-bit inputs Multiplier (AMUL). AFA consists of one Majority gate whereas AMUL is built by means of 3 AND gates. We validate the correct functionality of our proposal by means of micromagnetic simulations and evaluate AFA's figures of merit against state-of-the-art accurate SW, 7nm CMOS, Spin Hall Effect (SHE), Domain Wall Motion (DWM), accurate and approximate 45nm CMOS, Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ), and Spin-CMOS FA implementations. Our results indicate that AFA consumes 38% and 6% less energy than state-of-the-art accurate SW and 7nm CMOS FA implementations, respectively. Moreover, it saves 56% and 20% energy when compared with accurate and approximate 45nm CMOS counterparts, respectively. Furthermore, it provides 2 orders of magnitude energy reduction when compared with accurate SHE, accurate and approximate DWM, MTJ, and Spin-CMOS, counterparts. In addition, it achieves the same error rate as approximate 45nm CMOS and Spin-CMOS FAs whereas it exhibits 50% less error rate than the approximate DWM FA. Last but not least, it outperforms its contenders in terms of area by saving at least 29% chip real-estate. AMUL is evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art SW and 16nm CMOS accurate and approximate designs. The evaluation results indicate that AMUL energy consumption is at least 2.8x and 2.6x smaller than the one of state-of-the-art SW and 16nm CMOS accurate and approximate designs, respectively. AMUL has an error rate of 25%, whereas the approximate CMOS multiplier has an error rate of 38%, and requires at least 64% less chip real-estate than the CMOS counterpart.
Effects of Paraxanthine and Caffeine on Sleep, Locomotor Activity, and Body Temperature in Orexin/Ataxin-3 Transgenic Narcoleptic Mice (2010)

Because it is also reported to provide neuroprotection, paraxanthine may be a better wake-promoting agent for hypersomnia associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Effect of heating rate on properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x (1988)

YBa2Cu3O7-x powders, made at Argonne National Laboratory by solid-state reaction or supplied by Rhone-Poulenc, were sintered in oxygen at 910 or 950 degrees C. Heating rates to the sintering temperature were varied from 0.5 to 5 degrees C min-1. Sintered specimens were characterised by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and measurement of electrical resistivity, superconducting transition temperature and critical current density. It was found that the heating rate affected only the properties of specimens which were heated to a temperature at which second phases present could react. Slower heating improved electrical properties as a consequence of inducing greater reaction to desired phases such as YBa2Cu3O7-x.
Carbon dioxide laser-assisted poling of silicate-based optical fibers (2000)

A novel poling method, carbon dioxide laser-assisted poling (CLAP), is demonstrated. Localized heating during CLAP is achieved through silicate absorption of the CO>(2) laser radiation. Electro-optic coefficients of 0.2 pm/V are achieved within a 55-s scan of a twin-hole fiber. It is shown that there is a range of CO>(2) laser powers for which the residual electro-optic coefficient is maximized.
Individualized medicine enabled by genomics in Saudi Arabia (2015)

The biomedical research sector in Saudi Arabia has recently received special attention from the government, which is currently supporting research aimed at improving the understanding and treatment of common diseases afflicting Saudi Arabian society. To build capacity for research and training, a number of centres of excellence were established in different areas of the country. Among these, is the Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, with its internationally ranked and highly productive team performing translational research in the area of individualized medicine. Here, we present a panorama of the recent trends in different areas of biomedical research in Saudi Arabia drawing from our vision of where genomics will have maximal impact in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We describe advances in a number of research areas including; congenital malformations, infertility, consanguinity and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, cancer and genomic classifications in Saudi Arabia, epigenetic explanations of idiopathic disease, and pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. We conclude that CEGMR will continue to play a pivotal role in advances in the field of genomics and research in this area is facing a number of challenges including generating high quality control data from Saudi population and policies for using these data need to comply with the international set up.
A variant of fibrous dysplasia (osteofibrous dysplasia). (1982)

For more than 60 years, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) has been successfully used to treat a variety of elbow conditions. Although first designed to treat older patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the indications have expanded to include younger, higher-demand patients with a broad range of elbow pathology. Two groups of TEA currently exist. The first group includes linked or semiconstrained elbows with a mechanical connection between the humeral and ulnar components that prevents disassociation. These implants do not rely on muscular or ligamentous tissues for stability. The second group includes unlinked implants that have no physical connection between the humeral and ulnar components. They rely on bearing surface architecture as well as soft-tissue integrity for elbow stability. Critical to the success of unlinked implants is a thorough preoperative evaluation of elbow stability, including bone stock, collateral ligament integrity, and periarticular muscle function. Unlinked implants should apply less strain to the bone-cement-implant interfaces, which may theoretically decrease rates of bearing wear and aseptic loosening. For this reason, some surgeons prefer unlinked implants for younger, higher-demand patients. To date, unlinked implants have not been clinically shown to improve survivorship compared with linked devices. No prospective randomized trials comparing linked and unlinked TEAs are currently available. Historically, unlinked implants have had higher revision rates, mostly caused by instability and early design flaws. More recent series have shown no significant differences in outcomes compared with linked devices. Unlinked TEA provides reliable pain relief and improved range of motion for patients with a variety of elbow disorders. Diligent patient selection and careful surgical technique are of utmost importance when considering an unlinked TEA as a treatment option. The recent development of convertible implants now allows surgeons to make intraoperative decisions regarding elbow stability and convert to a linked implant without revising the stems.
The complexities of grasping in the wild (2017)

The recent ubiquity of high-framerate (120 fps and higher) handheld cameras creates the opportunity to study human grasping at a greater level of detail than normal speed cameras allow. We first collected 91 slow-motion interactions with objects in a convenience store setting. We then annotated the actions through the lenses of various existing manipulation taxonomies. We found manipulation, particularly the process of forming a grasp, is complicated and proceeds quickly. Our dataset shows that there are many ways that people deal with clutter in order to form a strong grasp of an object. It also reveals several errors and how people recover from them. Though annotating motions in detail is time-consuming, the annotation systems we used nevertheless leave out important aspects of understanding manipulation actions, such as how the environment is functioning as a “finger” of sorts, how different parts of the hand can be involved in different grasping tasks, and high-level intent.
Gallium nitride based micro‐cavity light emitting diodes emitting at 498 nm (2006)

Abstract A gallium nitride based micro‐cavity light emitting diode emitting at a peak wavelength of 498 nm has been fabricated. The epitaxial structure was grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, and the device was fabricated using a laser lift‐off process. Cavity thinning was carried out using reactive ion etching until a cavity length of roughly 830 nm (corresponding to a cavity order of ∼8 for λ = 498 nm in GaN) was achieved. Electroluminescence measurements of the micro‐cavity device show a narrowed spectral width compared to the un‐thinned device, and angularly resolved spectral measurements yielded a spectral shift, evincive of micro‐cavity effects. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
One‐Step Hierarchical Assembly of Spheres‐in‐Lamellae Nanostructures from Solvent‐Annealed Thin Films of Binary Diblock Copolymer Micelles (2017)

Hierarchical assemblies of dissimilar block copolymers (BCPs) can reveal interesting perspectives on material properties and device performance by providing multiple functionalities. Up to now, hierarchical assemblies of BCPs have been mostly prepared by stepwise assembling methods, in which the first type of BCP nanodomains is used as predefined patterns to guide the second‐level assembly of another BCP. On the other hand, single‐step blending methods suffer from a dilemma in the creation of hierarchical patterns because blending dissimilar BCPs typically induces either macrophase separation of component BCPs or chain‐level hybridization into a single morphology. The present study is designed to overcome this apparent dilemma in polymer blends by exploiting a solvent annealing method. In particular, hierarchically assembled spheres‐in‐lamellae structures from a solvent‐annealed blended film of binary polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(2‐vinylpyrdine) and polystyrene‐ block ‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) micelles are prepared. The focus of the current study is to understand the different effects of solvent vapor on the component BCPs and the molecular mechanism for the one‐step assembling process. By addressing this issue, the parallelism in the phase behavior of BCP micelles and inorganic nanoparticles is highlighted, the underlying physical processes of which could be suggested as a one‐step assembly principle for hierarchical superstructures beyond the previously reported multistep methods.
Hoare logic for Java in Isabelle/HOL (2001)

Abstract This article presents a Hoare‐style calculus for a substantial subset of Java Card, which we call Java $^{\ell ight}$ . In particular, the language includes side‐effecting expressions, mutual recursion, dynamic method binding, full exception handling, and static class initialization. The Hoare logic of partial correctness is proved not only sound (w.r.t. our operational semantics of Java $^{\ell ight}$ , described in detail elsewhere) but even complete. It is the first logic for an object‐oriented language that is provably complete. The completeness proof uses a refinement of the Most General Formula approach. The proof of soundness gives new insights into the role of type safety. Further by‐products of this work are a new general methodology for handling side‐effecting expressions and their results, the discovery of the strongest possible rule of consequence, and a flexible Call rule for mutual recursion. We also give a small but non‐trivial application example. All definitions and proofs have been done formally with the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. This guarantees not only rigorous definitions, but also gives maximal confidence in the results obtained. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A laboratory experiment for demonstrating post-coronagraph wavefront sensing and control for extreme adaptive optics (2006)

Direct detection of exo-planets from the ground will become a reality with the advent of a new class of extreme-adaptive optics instruments that will come on-line within the next few years. In particular, the Gemini Observatory will be developing the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) that will be used to make direct observations of young exo-planets. One major technical challenge in reaching the requisite high contrast at small angles is the sensing and control of residual wave front errors after the starlight suppression system. This paper will discuss the nature of this problem, and our approach to the sensing and control task. We will describe a laboratory experiment whose purpose is to provide a means of validating our sensing techniques and control algorithms. The experimental demonstration of sensing and control will be described. Finally, we will comment on the applicability of this technique to other similar high-contrast instruments.
Cycle Slip Detection and Correction Through Classification of Modulation Code Failures (2013)

In high-density recording systems, synchronization might be lost due to increased noise and/or inaccurate sampling/filtering. In such, long bursts of errors occur due to bits either erased from or inserted into the bit stream. At low signal-to-noise ratios, such bit slips (also known as cycle slips) lead to excessive post-error correction code (post-ECC) failures. In order to reduce the rate of the post-ECC failures, cycle slips should be detected and corrected. In the past, the majority of the research was concentrated on iterative joint timing recovery and error decoding methodologies. In this study, we propose to detect and correct cycle slips using a decoding failure analysis of maximum transition run (MTR) codeword sequences in conjunction with a general-purpose classification algorithm. First, noncyclic properties of constrained coding are identified by realizing that MTR codewords render invalid more often if bit shifts happen. Later, we present a method to use such invalid codewords to help detect and correct cycle slips. Finally, some numerical results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed detection/correction scheme using MTR codes and the support vector machines. It is demonstrated that such a combination has the potential for BER and post-ECC failure rate performance improvements by eliminating cycle slips for the generalized partial response channels.
An Intrinsic and Database-Free Authentication by Exploiting Process Variation in Back-End Capacitors (2019)

Detection of counterfeit chips has emerged as a crucial concern. Physically unclonable function (PUF)-based techniques are widely used for authentication; however, these require dedicated hardware and large signature database. In this paper, we show intrinsic and database-free authentication using back-end capacitors. The discussed technique simplifies authentication setup and reduces the test cost. We show that an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be modified for back-end capacitor-based authentication in addition to its regular functionality; hence, a dedicated authentication module is not necessary. Moreover, since back-end capacitors are quite insensitive to temperature and aging-induced variations than transistors, the discussed technique results in a more reliable authentication than transistor PUF-based authentication. Discussed authentication scheme manifests significant resilience against power supply instability. The modifications to conventional ADC incur 3.2% power overhead and 75% active-area overhead; however, arguably, the advantages of the discussed intrinsic and database-free authentication outweigh the overheads.
Desorption Ionization on Silicon (DIOS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Bringing the Wisdom of the Crowd to an Individual by Having the Individual Assume Different Roles (2017)

Groups of people tend to generate more diverse ideas than individuals because each group member brings a different perspective to the table. But while someone working alone can suffer from fixation and have difficulty of thinking outside-the-box, in this paper we show that it is possible to help them think more like a group by asking them to approach a problem from different perspectives. We present a study of 54 crowd workers in which some individual workers were asked to assume the role of various relevant experts while solving a problem. We find that participants who were asked to assume different roles came up with more creative ideas than those who were not. These findings suggest there is an opportunity for problem solving tools to bring the wisdom of the crowd to individuals.
Elasticity Spectra as a Tool to Investigate Actin Cortex Mechanics (2020)

Abstract Background: The mechanical properties of single living cells have proven to be a powerful marker of the cell physiological state. The use of nanoindentation-based single cell force spectroscopy provided a wealth of information on the elasticity of cells, which is still largely to be exploited. The simplest model to describe cell mechanics is to treat them as a homogeneous elastic material and describe it in terms of the Young's modulus. Beside its simplicity, this approach proved to be extremely informative, allowing to assess the potential of this physical indicator towards high throughput phenotyping in diagnostic and prognostic applications. Results: Here we propose an extension of this analysis to explicitly account for the properties of the actin cortex. We present a method, the Elasticity Spectra, to calculate the apparent stiffness of the cell as a function of the indentation depth and we suggest a simple phenomenological approach to measure the thickness and stiffness of the actin cortex, in addition to the standard Young's modulus. Conclusions: The Elasticity Spectra approach is tested and validated on a set of cells treated with cytoskeleton-affecting drugs, showing the potential to extend the current representation of cell mechanics, without introducing a detailed and complex description of the intracellular structure.
Superposition coding is almost always optimal for the Poisson broadcast channel (2015)

This paper shows that the capacity region of the continuous-time Poisson broadcast channel is achieved via superposition coding for most channel parameter values. Interestingly, the channel in some subset of these parameter values does not belong to any of the existing classes of broadcast channels for which superposition coding is optimal (e.g., degraded, less noisy, more capable). For the rest of the channel parameter values, we show that there is a gap between Marton's inner bound and the UV outer bound.