gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-wave interference effects in a Ga1−xAlxAs single-barrier structure measured by ballistic electron emission spectroscopy (1997)

Ballistic electron emission spectroscopy (BEES) has been performed on a GaAs/Ga0.8Al0.2As/GaAs single-barrier structure at 77 and 7 K. The single-interface model widely used for such structures was found to be inadequate in describing the BEES second-derivative spectrum. A more complete model that incorporates electron-wave interference effects is shown to describe the data accurately and consistently over many spatial locations and samples. This model reproduces all measured features in the BEES second-derivative spectrum resulting from electron-wave interference. At 77 K (7 K) the conduction band offset for x=0.2 is determined to be 145 meV or Qc=0.58 (150 meV or Qc=0.60) in agreement with accepted values.
Generation of Heterogeneous Drug Gradients Across Cancer Populations on a Microfluidic Evolution Accelerator for Real-Time Observation (2019)

Conventional cell culture remains the most frequently used preclinical model, despite its proven limited ability to predict clinical results in cancer. Microfluidic cancer-on-chip models have been proposed to bridge the gap between the oversimplified conventional 2D cultures and more complicated animal models, which have limited ability to produce reliable and reproducible quantitative results. Here, we present a microfluidic cancer-on-chip model that reproduces key components of a complex tumor microenvironment in a comprehensive manner, yet is simple enough to provide robust quantitative descriptions of cancer dynamics. This microfluidic cancer-on-chip model, the "Evolution Accelerator," breaks down a large population of cancer cells into an interconnected array of tumor microenvironments while generating a heterogeneous chemotherapeutic stress landscape. The progression and the evolutionary dynamics of cancer in response to drug gradient can be monitored for weeks in real time, and numerous downstream experiments can be performed complementary to the time-lapse images taken through the course of the experiments.
O-GlcNAcylation of master growth repressor DELLA by SECRET AGENT modulates multiple signaling pathways inArabidopsis (2016)

The DELLA family of transcription regulators functions as master growth repressors in plants by inhibiting phytohormone gibberellin (GA) signaling in response to developmental and environmental cues. DELLAs also play a central role in mediating cross-talk between GA and other signaling pathways via antagonistic direct interactions with key transcription factors. However, how these crucial protein-protein interactions can be dynamically regulated during plant development remains unclear. Here, we show that DELLAs are modified by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) SECRET AGENT (SEC) in Arabidopsis. O-GlcNAcylation of the DELLA protein REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA) inhibits RGA binding to four of its interactors-PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3), PIF4, JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN1, and BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1)-that are key regulators in light, jasmonate, and brassinosteroid signaling pathways, respectively. Consistent with this, the sec-null mutant displayed reduced responses to GA and brassinosteroid and showed decreased expression of several common target genes of DELLAs, BZR1, and PIFs. Our results reveal a direct role of OGT in repressing DELLA activity and indicate that O-GlcNAcylation of DELLAs provides a fine-tuning mechanism in coordinating multiple signaling activities during plant development.
Tetrodotoxin, Epinephrine, and Chemical Permeation Enhancer Combinations in Peripheral Nerve Blockade (2017)

CPEs can prolong the duration of nerve blockade across a range of concentrations of TTX. CPEs could also be used to reduce the concentration of epinephrine needed to achieve a given degree of nerve block. CPEs may be useful in enhancing nerve blockade from site 1 sodium channel blockers.
A qualitative and quantitative method for predicting sentiment toward deployed U.S. forces (2012)

The ability to automatically predict likelihood of reaction to specific events and situational awareness is important to many military and commercial applications. Gauging population sentiment for targeted response areas and having the ability to predict or control sentiment within these areas is invaluable. Review of reception towards deployed forces must be analyzed, especially in areas vital for U.S. national interests. Predicting population behavior is critical for success and must include a qualitative as well as a quantitative solution. Additionally, a feedback mechanism is needed for periodically updating reception towards presence of U.S. Forces over time. We propose a method for predicting sentiment towards deployed U.S. Forces in near real time, to efficiently propitiate manpower resources, allocate equipment assets, and reduce cost of analyses. Sentiment prediction is becoming an increasingly important and feasible task based on social media, open source data, physical imagery and abundance of video data feeds. Predicting reaction to events can be time consuming. Locating the most likely affected areas is very tedious, requiring much human labor effort, and it is often difficult to obtain the best information on a timely basis. An efficient tool would be helpful to rapidly parse text that has been extracted from an intelligent algorithm in order to evaluate the population sentiment for the targeted area. Multiple data inputs and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are required in order to support sound decision making theory. The goal of our system, called GlobalSite, is to deliver trustworthy threat analysis systems and services that understand situations, while being a vital tool for continuing mission operations information.
Computation of shear viscosity: a systems approach (2005)

Macroscopic material transport properties such as viscosity, diffusivity, conductivity, etc., may be computed by using molecular level simulation such as molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods. This computation is time consuming since simulations over sufficiently long times are needed to ensure that the assumed statistical properties are satisfied. As a result, such tools are useful in gaining insight and understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind observed physical phenomena, but are not amenable to material property design or material process control. In this paper, we focus on the computation of shear viscosity of a fluid-like material. We take a systems approach by regarding viscosity as a scalar input/output map from shear stress to shear strain rate. Linearizing this map about an equilibrated trajectory results in a linear time varying system. By freezing the time along the equilibrated trajectory, we obtain a set of linear time invariant systems. These systems are usually unstable, but may be transformed to stable systems by weighing all signals with sufficiently fast decaying exponential functions. Viscosity is then estimated directly from the frequency responses of these systems. Model reduction such as approximate balanced truncation may be applied to further reduce model complexity and computation load. This approach has a potential computation advantage since extensive simulation runs using high order molecular dynamics model are not required. Our long term objective is to develop efficient computation methods to facilitate rapid material and process design iterations. To illustrate the approach described in this paper and compare it with the traditional molecular dynamics methods, we have included the simulation results involving a simple Leonard-Jones fluid.
Radiation Counting Characteristics on Surface-Modified Polyethylene Naphthalate Scintillators (2013)

For decontamination in Fukushima evacuated areas, a considerable number of low-cost, efficient radiation detectors such as survey meters will be needed in the coming years. We developed a polyethylene naphthalate based scintillator (®SCINTIREX) recently. It is a plastic scintillator that emits sufficient fluorescent light upon exposure to radiation without the need for wavelength shifting, thus reducing costs of the survey meters. We tested the performance using the OKEN survey meter with a 1mm thick polyethylene naphthalate sheet, and found that the count rate for a 36Cl source and a 60Co source can be more than doubled when the plastic surface is modified to allow more light to reach the photo detector.
Toward Massive Scalability in Image Matching (2010)

A method for image matching from partial blurry images is presented that leverages existing text retrieval algorithms to provide a solution that scales to hundreds of thousands of images. As an initial application, we present a document image matching system in which the user supplies a query image of a small patch of a paper document taken with a cell phone camera, and the system returns a label identifying the original electronic document if found in a previously indexed collection. Experimental results show that a retrieval rate of over 70% is achieved on a collection of nearly 500,000 document pages.
Synthesis and receptor binding analysis of dermorphin hepta‐, hexa‐ and pentapeptide analogues (1993)

Sixteen dermorphin analogues were synthesized and characterized for mu- and delta-opioid receptor binding properties using [3H]DAGO and [3H]DPDPE, respectively. The analogues included the following: substitutions at position 4 and/or the C-terminal residue; deletions of Gly4 or Pro6-Ser7; inclusion of Z or an acetyl group on the epsilon-amino group of Lys7; and the presence of either a C-terminal amide or free acid group. Two peptides, [Lys7-OH]- and [Lys7-NH2]dermorphin, had mu-affinities (Ki mu = 0.15-0.13 nM) and mu-selectivities (Ki delta/Ki mu = 1158-1482) higher than dermorphin (Ki mu = 0.28 nM; Ki delta/Ki mu = 295) and best fitted a one-site binding model similar to dermorphin. Significantly better (P < 0.0001) fits to a two-site binding model vs. a one-site model were observed with four dermorphin analogues: [Lys(Z)7-OH]heptapeptide, [des-Gly4(Tyr4,Pro5,Asn6-OH)]hexapeptide and two pentapeptides, [Tyr5-NH2] and [Trp4,Asn5-OH]. Our data revealed a complex binding pattern for dermorphin analogues to brain mu-receptors in which Hill coefficients less than 0.85 generally suggest heterogeneity of mu-receptors; however, only detailed analyses of the data derived from the non-linear regression fits for one- or two-components gave evidence for the possible existence of two separate [3H]DAGO binding sites. Eight of our dermorphin analogues had significantly better fits for a two-site model (P < 0.05), but only four seemed to have two distinct Ki values (P < 0.0001).
Low-power SDRs through cross-layer control: concepts at work (2007)

Wireless access schemes was implemented on software defined radios (SDRs) in the future. In mobile terminals, SDRs should couple a high functional flexibility to low power operation. A two-step approach is advocated in this context. First, energy-scalability is introduced in the SDR design. Secondly, intelligent run-time cross-layer control is introduced to enable low power operation, by exploiting this scalability as well as the dynamics in the system. As a result, SDRs can be realized achieving a power consumption which can be comparable with dedicated radios, both in standby/idle mode or when transmitting or receiving data. This concept is validated on a transaction-level model (TLM) of our SDR platform, showing architectural integration and paving the way towards chip instantiation.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with pre-operative impairment of the deltoid muscle (2013)

The indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) continue to be expanded. Associated impairment of the deltoid muscle has been considered a contraindication to its use, as function of the RSA depends on the deltoid and impairment of the deltoid may increase the risk of dislocation. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the functional outcome and risk of dislocation following the use of an RSA in patients with impaired deltoid function. Between 1999 and 2010, 49 patients (49 shoulders) with impairment of the deltoid underwent RSA and were reviewed at a mean of 38 months (12 to 142) post-operatively. There were nine post-operative complications (18%), including two dislocations. The mean forward elevation improved from 50° (sd 38; 0° to 150°) pre-operatively to 121° (sd 40; 0° to 170°) at final follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean Constant score improved from 24 (sd 12; 2 to 51) to 58 (sd 17; 16 to 83) (p < 0.001). The mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score was 71 (sd 17; 10 to 95) and the rate of patient satisfaction was 98% (48 of 49) at final follow-up. These results suggest that pre-operative deltoid impairment, in certain circumstances, is not an absolute contraindication to RSA. This form of treatment can yield reliable improvement in function without excessive risk of post-operative dislocation.
Direct Synthesis of Deep Cavity p-Phenylcalix[4]arene in Poly(Ethylene Glycol), and its Self-Association in the Solid State (2006)

p-Phenylcalix[4]arene is formed directly from p-phenylphenol in 66% yield (50% isolated yield) using poly(ethylene glycol) as the reaction medium, with crystallization of the pure cavitand from toluene mediated by p-carborane. The solid-state structure comprises interlocking columnar arrays.
Taking Electromagnetics Beyond Electrical and Electronics Engineering (2021)

Traditionally, electromagnetics (EM) has played an important role in the curriculum of electrical and/or electronic (EE) engineering. In this chapter, we record the efforts to take EM beyond EE to reach non-EE majors. An example is given on how EM was introduced as an appetizer course for Computer Science (CS) and Information Technology (IT) undergraduates. In another example, this chapter presents the teaching of EM to non-engineers who work in the interdisciplinary field of BioElectromagnetics – a field that requires them to have the basic understanding of electromagnetic field theory. The ingredients of EM theory are such that the course can be beneficial not only for EM-focused learners but non-EM focused learners as well.
Age‐specific hormonal decline is accompanied by transcriptional changes in human sebocytes in vitro (2006)

The importance of hormones in endogenous aging has been displayed by recent studies performed on animal models and humans. To decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in aging we maintained human sebocytes at defined hormone-substituted conditions that corresponded to average serum levels of females from 20 (f20) to 60 (f60) years of age. The corresponding hormone receptor expression was demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Cells at f60 produced significantly lower lipids than at f20. Increased mRNA and protein levels of c-Myc and increased protein levels of FN1, which have been associated with aging, were detected in SZ95 sebocytes at f60 compared to those detected at f20 after 5 days of treatment. Expression profiling employing a cDNA microarray composed of 15 529 cDNAs identified 899 genes with altered expression levels at f20 vs. f60. Confirmation of gene regulation was performed by real-time RT-PCR. The functional annotation of these genes according to the Gene Ontology identified pathways related to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, cell cycle, immune responses, steroid biosynthesis and phospholipid degradation - all hallmarks of aging. Twenty-five genes in common with those identified in aging kidneys and several genes involved in neurodegenerative diseases were also detected. This is the first report describing the transcriptome of human sebocytes and its modification by a cocktail of hormones administered in age-specific levels and provides an in vitro model system, which approximates some of the hormone-dependent changes in gene transcription that occur during aging in humans.
Crosstalk between insulin and angiotensin II signalling systems (2009)

Insulin resistance and hypertension commonly occur together. Pharmacological inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system has been found to reduce not only hypertension, but also insulin resistance. This raises the possibility that the renin-angiotensin system may interact with insulin signalling. We have investigated the relationship between insulin and angiotensin II (AII) intracellular signalling in vivo using an intact rat heart model, and in vitro using rat aorta smooth muscle cells (RASMC). Results generated in the in vivo studies indicate that, like insulin, AII stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrates IRS-1 and IRS-2. This leads to binding of IRS-1 and IRS-2 to PI3-kinase. However, in contrast to the effect of insulin. IRS-1- and IRS-2-associated PI3-kinase activity is inhibited by AII in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, AII inhibits insulin-stimulated IRS-1/IRS-2-associated PI3-kinase activity. The in vivo effects of AII are mediated via the AT1 receptor. The results of the in vitro studies indicate that AII inhibits insulin-stimulated, IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase activity by interfering with the docking of IRS-1 with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3-kinase. It appears that AII achieves this effect by stimulating serine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor beta-subunit IRS-1, and the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3-kinase. These actions result in the inhibition of normal interactions between the insulin signalling pathway components. Thus, we believe that AII negatively modulates insulin signalling by stimulating multiple serine phosphorylation events in the early components of the insulin signalling cascade. Overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system is likely to impair insulin signalling and contribute to insulin resistance observed in essential hypertension.
A Novel Cross-Component Context Model for End-to-End Wavelet Image Coding (2023)

In contrast to traditional compression techniques performing linear transforms, the latent space of popular compressive autoencoders is obtained from a learned nonlinear mapping and hard to interpret. In this paper, we explore a promising alternative approach for neural compression, with an autoencoder whose latent space represents a nonlinear wavelet decomposition. Previous work has shown that neural wavelet image coding can outperform HEVC. However, the approach codes color components independently, thereby ignoring inter-component dependencies. Hence, we propose a novel crosscomponent context model (CCM). With CCM, the entropy model for the chroma latent space can be conditioned on previously coded components exploiting correlations in the learned wavelet space. The proposed CCM outperforms the baseline model with average Bjøntegaard delta rate savings of 2.6 % and 1.6 % for the Kodak and Tecnick image sets. Also, our method is competitive with VVC and learning-based methods.
A biphasic nature of the bleomycin‐mediated degradation of DNA (1988)

The bleomycin-mediated digestion of DNA in the presence of ferrous ion, molecular oxygen, and dithiothreitol is characterized by a fast initial reaction, which is followed by a much slower process. The fast degradation is due to the fast activation of the bleomycin-Fe(II) complex and the subsequent fast reaction of the activated complex with DNA. The rate determining step for the slow process is reactivation of the bleomycin-Fe(III) complex. The apparent rate constants for both reactions increase with increasing ionic strength. The latter, unusual results are interpreted in terms of inhibition of bleomycin turnover by binding of cationic species with DNA at low ionic strength.
Selective GeO<inf>x</inf>-scavenging from interfacial layer on Si<inf>1−x</inf>Ge<inf>x</inf> channel for high mobility Si/Si<inf>1−x</inf>Ge<inf>x</inf> CMOS application (2016)

We demonstrate a technique for selective GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -scavenging which creates a GeO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> -free IL on Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> substrates. This process reduces N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> by >60% to 2e11 and increases high-field mobility at N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inv</sub> =1e13 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> by ~1.3× in Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.6</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.4</sub> pFETs with sub-nm EOT.
A Predictive Model of P<sub>max</sub> and IMEP for Intra-Cycle Control (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order to identify predictive models for a diesel engine combustion process, combustion cylinder pressure together with other fuel path variables such as rail pressure, injector current and sleeve pressure of 1000 continuous cycles were sampled and collected at high resolution.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Using these engine steady state test data, three types of modeling approach have been studied. The first is the Auto-Regressive-Moving-Average (ARMA) model which had limited prediction ability for both peak combustion pressure (P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;) and Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP). By applying correlation analysis, proper inputs were found for a linear predictive model of P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; and IMEP respectively. The prediction performance of this linear model is excellent with a 30% fit number for both P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; and IMEP. Further nonlinear modeling work shows that even a nonlinear Neural Network (NN) model does not have improved prediction performance compared to the linear predictive model.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;These predictive models have great potential to be implemented online in an adaptive and recursive form for intra-cycle control applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Pyrazolyl and Pyrazolinyl Carbazoles (2005)

Synthesis of pyrazolylcarbazoles and pyrazolinylcarbazoles is reported. Phenylhydrazones of acylcarbazoles furnished pyrazolylcarbazoles under Vilsmeier conditions. Carbazolylchalcones on treatment with hydrazine in acetic acid furnished pyrazolinylcarbazoles. Keywords: heteroarylcarbazoles, vilsmeier reaction, acyl carbazoles, carbazolylchalcones, pyrazolylcarbazoles, pyrazolinylcarbazoles
Topological Defects in a Living Nematic Ensnare Swimming Bacteria (2017)

Living liquid crystals are biosynthetic composites, comprised of living bacteria and liquid crystals, that exhibit unique optical and mechanical properties. A new computational model and set of experiments show how defects in the liquid crystal can concentrate or deplete the bacteria, suggesting a novel method for control and manipulation of microbial populations.