gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Malolactonate polymers and copolymers for biomedical applications (2003)

Abstract A new class of malolactonate polymers and copolymers with a wide range of lateral chain structures were synthesized by anionic ring opening polymerization of alkyl malolactonate monomers. The monomers were prepared in good yields according to established procedures. Final macromolecular and thermal characteristics were in agreement with the designed monomer structures. Molecular weights in the range 4‐20 kD were attained, as a result of chain transfer reactions. Representative polymeric compounds displayed stability up to 200 °C. Many of the obtained poly(alkyl malolactonate)s were able to sustain and promote with 3T3 murine fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation onto their surface.
A procedure for setting up high-throughput nanolitre crystallization experiments. Crystallization workflow for initial screening, automated storage, imaging and optimization (2005)

Crystallization trials at the Division of Structural Biology in Oxford are now almost exclusively carried out using a high-throughput workflow implemented in the Oxford Protein Production Facility. Initial crystallization screening is based on nanolitre-scale sitting-drop vapour-diffusion experiments (typically 100 nl of protein plus 100 nl of reservoir solution per droplet) which use standard crystallization screening kits and 96-well crystallization plates. For 294 K crystallization trials the barcoded crystallization plates are entered into an automated storage system with a fully integrated imaging system. These plates are imaged in accordance with a pre-programmed schedule and the resulting digital data for each droplet are harvested into a laboratory information-management system (LIMS), scored by crystal recognition software and displayed for user analysis via a web-based interface. Currently, storage for trials at 277 K is not automated and for imaging the crystallization plates are fed by hand into an imaging system from which the data enter the LIMS. The workflow includes two procedures for nanolitre-scale optimization of crystallization conditions: (i) a protocol for variation of pH, reservoir dilution and protein:reservoir ratio and (ii) an additive screen. Experience based on 592 crystallization projects is reported.
Diastereoselection in intermolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition (NOC) reactions: confirmation of the "anti-periplanar effect" through a simple synthesis of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoselection in intermolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition (NOC) reactions: confirmation of the "anti-periplanar effect" through a simple synthesis of 2-deoxy-D-riboseAlan P. Kozikowski and Arun K. GhoshCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 21, 5788–5789Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00385a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00385a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stepped Moduli in Layered Composites (2014)

This paper describes adaptive composites that respond to mechanical stimuli by changing their Young's modulus. These composites are fabricated by combining a shorter layer of elastic material (e.g., latex) and a longer layer of stiffer material (e.g., polyethylene and Kevlar), and fixing them together at their ends. Tension along the layered composite increases its length, and as the strain increases, the composite changes the load‐bearing layer from the elastic to the stiff material. The result is a step in the Young's modulus of the composite. The characteristics of the step (or steps) can be engineered by changing the constituent materials, the number of layers, and their geometries (e.g., sinusoidal, hierarchical, two‐dimensional web‐like, rod‐coil, embedded, and ring structures). For composites with more than two steps in modulus, the materials within the composites can be layered in a hierarchical structure to fit within a smaller volume, without sacrificing performance. These composites can also be used to make structures with tunable, stepped compressive moduli. An adaptation of these principles can generate an electronic sensor that can monitor the applied compressive strain. Increasing or decreasing the strain closes or opens a circuit and reversibly activates a light‐emitting diode.
Adhesion Enhancement Between Electroless Copper and Epoxy-based Dielectrics (2009)

The adhesion between electrolessly deposited copper and an epoxy-containing dielectric material has been investigated. In particular, the role of mechanical anchoring and chemical bonding in these systems has been examined. The contribution of each of these mechanisms to adhesion has been identified. Probelec, a phenolic-novolac epoxy polymer, and Avatrel, an addition polymerized norbornene polymer with an epoxy side-group, have been tested in this study. Traditional swell and etch treatments have been used to enhance mechanical anchoring through pore-type roughness development on the phenol-novolac epoxy, but were found to be ineffective in roughening the Avatrel surface. The critical difference between the two polymers is the epoxy-backbone (for the phenolic epoxy) versus the epoxy side-group (for the norbornene backbone polymer). In order to create roughness on the Avatrel surface, a novel technique utilizing a blend of Avatrel and Probelec was investigated. This technique created pore-type roughness and enhanced mechanical anchoring on the Avatrel surface. NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> plasma treatments were utilized to enhance the chemical bonding contribution to adhesion and produce surfaces with peel strengths of 0.15-0.25 N/mm with minimal roughness generation. Finally, a combined wet-chemical and plasma treatment protocol was investigated to enhance chemical bonding and mechanical anchoring on the same surface. Samples with adhesion greater than 0.5 N/mm with roughness less than 50 nm were produced with both Avatrel and Probelec. Through the use of a combined wet-chemical and plasma-surface treatment the polymer surface has been optimized for adhesion while minimizing roughness.
Development of an obstetrical patient safety program (2015)

The aim of an obstetrics patient safety program is to design a highly reliable perinatal unit. Standardization of processes is achieved through implementation of protocols and guidelines, checklists, and structured electronic medical record documentation tools. A culture of safety is created by installing accessible and visible patient safety leaders (such as a patient safety nurse), an adverse event reporting system, and a multidisciplinary safety committee. Team training and simulation allow the labor unit teams to improve functioning and communication. While most patient safety projects make sense from a practical standpoint, there is also building evidence to support their necessity in modern obstetrics. Those units not proactively incorporating safety and quality improvement measures not only place patients and providers at risk for failure but also will face increased scrutiny from oversight and regulatory bodies.
Effects of gravity and size upon film boiling from horizontal cylinders (1969)

Gravity and size effects on film boiling from horizontal cylinders, recommending formulas for wavelength and minimum heat flux predictions
SUN-739 Next Generation AR Antagonists Increase Systemic Active Glucocorticoid Exposure by Altering Glucocorticoid Metabolism (2020)

Abstract Enzalutamide and apalutamide are potent next-generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonists used in metastatic and non-metastatic prostate cancer. Despite the increased survival benefits of these agents, resistance normally occurs and the disease transitions to its lethal form. We hypothesized that enzalutamide and apalutamide suppress 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD2), which normally converts cortisol to cortisone, leading to elevated cortisol concentrations and increased ratio of active to inactive glucocorticoids. We measured cortisol and cortisol/cortisone ratio (substrate/product of 11β-HSD2) in serum using mass spectrometry before and 1 month on-treatment in 3 clinical trials: 1) neoadjuvant apalutamide + leuprolide (n=25) 2) enzalutamide +/- PROSTVAC for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (n=54) and 3) enzalutamide +/- PROSTVAC for non-metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (n=38 patients). Progression-free survival (PFS) was determined in the metastatic CRPC study of enzalutamide +/- PROSTVAC for those with glucocorticoid changes above and below the median. A statistically significant rise in cortisol concentration and cortisol/cortisone ratio with AR antagonist treatment occurred uniformly across all 3 clinical trials. For example, a rise in cortisol/cortisone ratio occurred in 23/25 (92%) patients (p &amp;lt; 0.001), 36/54 (67%) patients (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and 30/38 (79%) patients (p = 0.051), in the 3 respective trials. In the trial of enzalutamide +/- PROSTVAC for metastatic CRPC, high cortisol/cortisone ratio in the enzalutamide arm was associated with significantly improved PSA progression-free survival and radiographic progression-free survival. However, in the enzalutamide + PROSTVAC arm, the opposite trend was observed. In conclusion, treatment with enzalutamide or apalutamide increases systemic exposure to active glucocorticoids. These findings have potential consequences for immune suppression and the efficacy of treatment combinations using next-generation AR antagonists. On-treatment, glucocorticoid changes might serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker.
Effect of Ni on the High Strength Characteristic of 9Cr Ferritic Heat Resistant Steel Applied to the Power Plants (2000)

This present study was investigated effect of Ni contents on the high temperature strength characteristic in 9Cr ferritic heat-resistant steel added 1.7%W in place of Mo in order to restraint laves phase formation. Precipitation amount of carbide, number of particle per unit area and particle size of carbide were decreased with increase of Ni content. In the steels, carbides of type was mainly precipitated, but laves phases could not precipitated. Tensile and yield strength, creep strength and creep rupture time was decreased, but elongation were increased due to decreasing of particle number per unite area and carbide amount precipitated with increase of Ni content.
Plasma Heating and Confinement in GOL-3 Multi Mirror Trap (2007)

AbstractRecent results of the experiments at GOL-3 facility are presented. In present configuration of the device, plasma with a density of 1014[divided by]1016 cm-3 is confined in a 12-meter-long solenoid, which comprises 55 corrugation cells with mirror ratio Bmax/Bmin=4.8/3.2 T. The plasma in the solenoid is heated up to 2-4 keV temperature by a high power relativistic electron beam (˜1 MeV, ˜30 kA, ˜8 μs, ˜120 kJ) injected through one of the ends. Mechanism of experimentally observed fast ion heating, issues of plasma stability and confinement are discussed.
Mechanisms of action of androgens and antiandrogens: Effects of antiandrogens on translocation of cytoplasmic androgen receptor and nuclear abundance of dihydrotestosterone (1982)

The effects of antiandrogens on the translocation of androgen receptor and the accumulation of nuclear dihydrotestosterone in rat ventral prostate were investigated. Using an isotope-exchange assay and radioimmunoassay it was found that 1 hr after the injection of 70 nmol of dihydrotestosterone into 1-day castrated rats, 19,000 +/- 2.350 (mean +/- SE) receptor molecules and 99,300 +/- 8,200 molecules of dihydrotestosterone were recovered per nucleus. When equivalent doses of antiandrogens were substituted for dihydrotestosterone only 0-1,500 receptor molecules were translocated. After injection of antiandrogens followed 1 hr later by injection of dihydrotestosterone, the inhibition of translocation given by the reduction in the mean numbers of molecules of receptor and dihydrotestosterone, respectively, was as follows: 17 beta-estradiol (0, 0); megestrol acetate (2000, 0); diethylstilbestrol (6000, 4000); cyproterone acetate (5500, 27000); flutamide (10000, 29000); R2956 (10000, 28000). With the exception of the effect of cyproterone acetate on receptor translocation, the reductions produced by the latter three antiandrogens were all statistically significant (P less than 0.5). Since less than 20% of the dihydrotestosterone in the nucleus is bound to receptor in dihydrotestosterone-treated rats, and since the concentrations of receptor and dihydrotestosterone are unequally affected by some antiandrogens, we infer that the nuclear abundance of dihydrotestosterone may be regulated in part through nonreceptor-mediated processes.
Joint Wireless Information and Energy Transfer in a K-User MIMO Interference Channel (2013)

Recently, joint wireless information and energy transfer (JWIET) methods have been proposed to relieve the battery limitation of wireless devices. However, the JWIET in a general K-user MIMO interference channel (IFC) has been unexplored so far. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the JWIET in K-user MIMO IFC, in which receivers either decode the incoming information data (information decoding, ID) or harvest the RF energy (energy harvesting, EH). In the K-user IFC, we consider three different scenarios according to the receiver mode -- i) multiple EH receivers and a single ID receiver, ii) multiple IDs and a single EH, and iii) multiple IDs and multiple EHs. For all scenarios, we have found a common necessary condition of the optimal transmission strategy and, accordingly, developed the transmission strategy that satisfies the common necessary condition, in which all the transmitters transferring energy exploit a rank-one energy beamforming. Furthermore, we have also proposed an iterative algorithm to optimize the covariance matrices of the transmitters that transfer information and the powers of the energy beamforming transmitters simultaneously, and identified the corresponding achievable rate-energy tradeoff region. Finally, we have shown that by selecting EH receivers according to their signal-to-leakage-and-harvested energy-ratio (SLER), we can improve the achievable rate-energy region further.
Declarative business artifact centric modeling of decision and knowledge intensive business processes (2011)

In this paper we address the problem of modeling collaborative decision and knowledge intensive business processes (sometimes referred to as Decision Intensive Processes, or DIP processes). DIP processes assist users in performing decision intensive tasks, and provide users with a guidance relevant to process execution context. DIP processes are by nature collaborative, data-driven, need to support various kinds of flexibility at design and run time, and need to integrate with external services and information sources. Such a combination presents significant challenges for contemporary business processes technologies. We present a solution based on a business artifacts paradigm (a.k.a. business entities with lifecycles) using a Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM) model for declarative lifecycles specification. We introduce a CoreControl - MicroProcess process design pattern, which allows a natural blending of a business functional process structure (usual for most business processes), with a decision & knowledge driven structure providing domain specific decision guidance to users. The proposed design pattern along with the declarative GSM BA approach provide suitable design primitives for DIP process, as demonstrated on a real problem from the supply chain solutions enablement domain.
Silicon-based anti-reflective spin-on hardmask materials for 45 nm pattern of immersion ArF lithography (2008)

In current semiconductor manufacturing processes, hardmasks have become more prevalent in patterning of small features. A silicon-containing hardmask, which can be spun onto wafers, is desirable in terms of mass production throughput and cost of ownership. Previously, we reported a paper on silicon-based anti-reflective spin-on hardmask materials for 193 nm lithography. In this paper, hardmask materials for 45 nm pattern of immersion ArF lithography are described. To achieve 45 nm patterning, a different base resin platform from the previous paper has been used. Furthermore, we have improved the etch resistance by changing our synthesis method without modifying the resin platform and silicon contents. Despite these changes, an excellent storage stability, which is one of the essential requirements for the materials, is still maintained. Characterization and lithographic performance of 45 nm immersion ArF lithography using our new materials are described in detail.
Mathematical Modeling of Free-Radical Ethylene Copolymerization in High-Pressure Tubular Reactors (2004)

A comprehensive mathematical model is developed for the free-radical copolymerization of ethylene with various comonomers (e.g., vinyl acetate, methyl or ethyl acrylate, and acrylic or methacrylic acid) in high-pressure tubular reactors. Polar copolymers usually exhibit lower crystallinity and yield strength than low-density polyethylene grades and are used for applications requiring flexibility, toughness, stress-cracking resistance, and adhesion to coatings. In the present study, a detailed kinetic mechanism is proposed to describe the molecular and compositional developments in the free-radical copolymerization of ethylene with a comonomer. On the basis of the postulated kinetic mechanism, a system of differential mass balance equations are derived for the various molecular species, total mass, energy, and momentum in the polymerization system. The model equations are coupled with a set of algebraic equations for estimating the thermodynamic and transport properties of the reaction mixture. The number and weight molecular weight and copolymer composition averages, short- and long-chain branching frequencies, etc., are calculated in terms of the leading moments of the bivariate number chain-length distributions of "live" and "dead" copolymer chains. The predictive capabilities of the mathematical model are demonstrated by a direct comparison of the model predictions with industrial experimental data on the reactor temperature profile and pressure, the overall monomer conversion, and the final molecular and compositional properties of copolymers. Simulation and experimental results are presented for different copolymer grades including ethylene−ethyl acrylate, ethylene−methyl acrylate, and ethylene−vinyl acetate copolymers.
Numerical calculations of the magnetic behaviour of a superconductor sample with finite size (1997)

Previously many research groups have modelled the magnetic response for ideal superconductor samples, but recently Brandt [1] has suggested a method of numerical calculations for a realistic type II superconductor with finite dimensions. These numerical calculations were used to compute the theoretical dynamic magnetic response of a melt-textured (solid - liquid melt growth) sample. The results were compared with actual magnetization data and it was found that such method works well for samples of high-temperature superconductors with finite dimensions.
Visualizing bacterial surfaces in real time (2009)

The study of the network of proteins, protein complexes, sugars and surfaces organelles has been frustrated by the complexity of bacterial surfaces and the necessity to rely on molecular coordinates. The logical consequence to develop crystallographic methods for large cellular components and the alternative use of cryo-electron microscopy to solve organelles structure (flagellum, Type IV pili) has been fundamental but inherently slow. Development of new vaccines may also depend on the identification of complexes located at the surface and exposed protective molecules. Prediction of both is part of routine genome analysis using dedicated algorithms. Antibody staining and FACS analysis is a potent tool to visualize exposed molecules while it is heavily dependent from antibody specificity, affinity and outer layer penetration effect (detection of hidden structures by antibody penetration during preparation of the sample). We suggest it is now possible to merge high-resolution fluorescence and scanning confocal microscopy with sortase tagging (Popp et al., 2007) to generate native molecules bearing a chromophore. This will potentially allow image rendering of the bacterial surface to visualize the dynamics of protein topology during growth and infection in real time. Science and Nature have both expressed their wonder in 2008 about recent advances in light microscopy (Chi, 2008). In addition, white light sources are moving from lasers to inexpensive mass production of LED (http://www.lens.unifi.it). White light is a necessary step to pulse a sample with a wide range of light wavelengths to simultaneously collect signals in the visible spectrum from excited dyes. The resulting live image can integrate all labelled proteins in a single picture and with a different colour tag providing realistic 3D coordinates. The crucial step in closing the loop is in vivo tagging of a target protein. This in theory can provide a repertoire of one strain-one tagged protein with the final goal to colour-code all the proteins of a bacterial species. Sortases are bacterial enzymes that predominantly catalyse the attachment of surface proteins to the bacterial cell wall (Telford et al., 2006; Popp et al., 2007). Other sortases polymerize pilin subunits for the construction of the covalently attached pili of the Gram-positive bacteria (Telford et al., 2006). The sortase recognition sequence of Staphylococcus aureus sortase A, LPXTG, when engrafted near the C-terminus of proteins without natural sortase specificity, should be part of a sortase-catalysed transpeptidation reaction using artificial glycine-based nucleophiles. The chemical modification of such substrates with fluorophores allows modifications of proteins in in vitro and in vivo conditions. This method can be efficiently scaled-up for high-throughput data capture. Once the expected wave of new microscopes will be available and tagging with fluorophores will be pervasive, this technology should be ready also for fast and unexpensive real-time expression analyses.