gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strobe: Towards Low-Cost Soil Sensing Using Wi-Fi (2020)

The knowledge of soil moisture and electrical conductivity (EC) is critical for a variety of agricultural applications. For example, precision irrigation, which refers to the variable application of water in different regions of the farm, depends on accurate soil moisture values at different depths. This technique helps reduce water use, and also reduces soil leaching and contamination of ground water by chemicals in fertilizers and other agricultural inputs. Soil EC is another key indicator of soil health. It has been shown to correlate very well with crop yield and plant nutrient availability, and the USDA recommends that farmers measure soil EC to determine soil treatment plans and management zones for Precision Agriculture [1].
Semigeostrophic Disturbances in a Stratified Shear Flow over a Finite-Amplitude Ridge (1986)

Steady-state, two-dimensional disturbances forced by flow over a finite-amplitude ridge are considered. The model represents an extension of the one presented by Robinson (1960). This study is based on the semigeostrophic system of equations for uniform potential vorticity flow. The model equations satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann conditions, and solutions for uniform flow over various shaped ridges may be obtained in terms of a complex potential. The novel result is the determination of solutions for disturbances in a zonal current with linear shear. The boundaries are tilled in the cross-stream direction to coincide with basic state potential temperature surfaces. This simplification, which provides isentropic boundaries, permits the solutions for disturbances in a shear flow to be obtained directly from solutions forced by uniform flow over the same ridge. Physical properties of the solutions are presented in terms of three parameters: &epsi/D, r and δ. The amplitude of the ridge is &epsi& and D is the deformation depth, based on the characteristic width of the ridge L r represents the ratio of &epsi& to the channel depth and δ is the constant shear of the basic current. Solutions corresponding to uniform flow, δ = 0, in an unbounded fluid, r = 0, represent a limit that is compared with a previous study (Pierehumbert 1985). The present results confirm Pierrehumbert's conclusion that upstream deceleration is not significant, and that the characteristic vertical depth, over which the disturbances decay, is D. Confinement of the flow by a rigid lid (r ≠ 0) and consideration of a shear (δ ≠ 0) do not affect that flow deceleration, nor do these features affect the characteristic decay of the ageostrophic velocity components. However, the presence of a lid causes the geostrophic velocity component to become relatively independent of depth. It is also shown that an increase in the static stability (&epsi&/D increasing) enhances the ageostrophic circulation in a manner that is similar to the effect of increasing the shear δ from negative to positive values. Moreover, a linear lower boundary condition may be used in some circumstances because the velocity components on the ridge are relatively insensitive to changes in r when 0 > r ≳ 0.3 and δ0 However, linearization of the boundary condition cannot be supported when the basic flow changes with height, δ≠ 0. The geostrophic momentum approximation is shown to be valid over most of the domain, but may be violated along the windward slope unless &epsi&/D ≤ 0.6, with δ ≤ 0.5. Other considerations that need to be addressed to apply semige-ostrophic theory to mountain flows include a stability analysis of the present solutions and the use of nonisentropic boundary surfaces.
Enteroviruses, type 1 diabetes and hygiene: a complex relationship (2010)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mounts an attack on the host's insulin-producing beta cells. Because most cases of T1D cannot be attributed only to individual genetics, it is strongly inferred that there is a significant environmental contribution, such as infection, impacting disease development. The human enteroviruses (HEV) are common picornaviruses often implicated as triggers of human T1D, although precisely which of the numerous HEV may be involved in human T1D development is unknown. Experiments using non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, commonly used to model T1D, show that induction of T1D by HEV infection in NOD mice is a multifactorial process involving both the virus and the host. Interestingly, results demonstrate that HEV infection of NOD mice can also induce long-term protection from T1D under certain conditions, suggesting that a similar mechanism may occur in humans. Based upon both experimental animal and observational human studies, we postulate that HEV have a dual role in T1D development and can either cause or prevent autoimmune disease. Whichever outcome occurs depends upon multiple variables in the host-virus equation, many of which can be deduced from results obtained from NOD mouse studies. We propose that the background to the sharply rising T1D incidences observed in the 20th century correlates with increased levels of hygiene in human societies. Viewing T1D in this perspective suggests that potential preventative options could be developed.
Behaviour of Recent Aesthetics Assessment Models with Professional Photography (2019)

Aesthetic quality assessment for photographs is an important research topic since it can be used by a number of applications, such as image database management or image browsing. In 2012, the Aesthetic Visual Analysis (AVA) dataset has been proposed. Those 255,000 aesthetically annotated images are a key ingredient for training and for testing new models for aesthetics prediction. As AVA dataset is mainly composed of competitive photographs, we evaluate whether or not those computational models of aesthetics generalize well and perform well over professional photographs. We notice that the different models we test behave quite differently. Besides, we fine-tune the model using professional photographs and the results show that this process is effective.
Evaluation of the SID Dummy and TTI Injury Criterion for Side impact Testing (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The NHTSA's side impact dummy (SID) was evaluated against what is known of the side impact response of the human chest and responses were compared with data on Hybrid III frontal and EURQSID side impact characteristics. The SID dummy lacks a human-like chest deflection response which is crucial to the injury indicating capability of a dummy, it has a 9.8 kg near-side rib mass which is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that of the human, and it develops impact forces that are nearly three times higher than the recommended human chest response. It possesses characteristics primarily of an inertial device. The thoracic trauma index (TTI) was evaluated as an indicator of side impact injury risk, and design trends and optimized padding characteristics identified with the SID and TTI were compared with those from the Hybrid III dummy and viscous or compression injury criteria. TTI is an acceleration-based criterion which averages the maximum near-side rib and spinal acceleration irrespective of differences in times of occurrence, it is determined in the first milliseconds of impact, much earlier than human injuries can occur, and it is insensitive to the total kinetic energy of impact, so that TTI may indicate a safe exposure when an understanding of the full events of impact clearly indicate a significant injury risk. The SID dummy and TTI injury criterion were found unsuitable for side impact injury evaluation.&lt;/div&gt;
Activation of p27Kip1 Expression by E2F1 (2005)

The E2F1 transcription factor is a critical regulator of cell cycle due to its ability to promote S phase entry. However, E2F1 overexpression also sensitizes cells to apoptosis and E2F1-null mice are predisposed to tumor development, suggesting that it also has properties of a growth suppressor. E2F1 transcription function is regulated by interaction with hypophosphorylated pRb. Cdk inhibitors such as p16INK4a and p27Kip1 inhibit pRb phosphorylation by the cyclin D/Cdk4 and cyclin E/Cdk2 complexes, thus keeping E2F1 in an inactive state. We found that E2F1 binds to the p27 promoter in vivo and activates p27 mRNA and protein expression. Depletion of endogenous E2F1 by siRNA causes a reduction in basal p27 expression level. Inhibition of endogenous p27 expression by siRNA increases E2F1 transcriptional activity and permits accelerated cell cycle progression by exogenous E2F1. These observations suggest that induction of p27 acts as a negative feedback mechanism for E2F1 and may also contribute to other functions of E2F1.
A comparison of fibre channel and 802 MAC services (2002)

As the differences between channels and networks narrow, the services and capabilities of channels need to be examined relative to those of networks. A comparison is made between the Fibre Channel protocol and networking protocols. Specific features of the Fibre Channel protocol are compared with those of the Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) LAN protocol and 802.2-type media access controllers (MACs). Fibre Channel may, in the future, fill a role where it serves as a single communication medium providing both channel and network services.
Spin-Torque Induced Oscillation of a Magnetoresistive Nanopillar with a Conically Magnetized Free Layer and an In-Plane Magnetized Reference Layer (2016)

Spin-torque induced magnetization dynamics in a magnetoresistive nanopillar with a conically magnetized free layer and an in-plane magnetized reference layer is theoretically studied. Two modes are observed for zero-bias-field self-oscillation, the occurrence of which depends on applied current density: one is the in-plane oscillation mode at small current density and the other is the out-of-plane oscillation mode at large current density. The mechanism for the appearance of these oscillation modes are explained, and the critical current densities of the modes are presented.
Different inflammatory responses induced by three LDL‐lowering apheresis columns (2009)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is well-established in selected patients with uncontrolled LDL levels. As such treatment affects biomarkers important in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes, we systematically compared the inflammatory response induced by three LDL apheresis columns. Three patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia participated in a cross-over study with six consecutive treatments with three different LDL apheresis columns: DL-75 (whole blood adsorption), LA-15 (plasma adsorption), and EC-50W (plasma filtration). Biochemical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers, including complement activation products and 27 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were measured before and after treatment. Complement was activated through the alternative pathway. The final end product sC5b-9 increased significantly (P < 0.01) and equally with all devices, whereas the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a were lower by use of the adsorption columns. Hs-CRP was reduced by 77% (DL-75), 72% (LA-15), and 43% (EC-50W). The cytokines were consistently either increased (IL-1ra, IP-10, MCP-1), decreased (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, RANTES, PDGF, VEGF), or hardly changed (including IL-6, IL8, MIP-1alphabeta) during treatment. The changes were in general less pronounced with the adsorption columns. All columns reduced LDL significantly and to the same extent. In conclusion, three LDL-apheresis devices with equal cholesterol-lowering effect differed significantly with respect to the inflammatory response.
Evolution of D6R units in the interzeolite transformation from FAU, MFI or *BEA into AEI: transfer or reassembly? (2020)

The formation and evolution of building units for zeolites play an important role during crystallization.
Some Issues in Design of Data Warehousing Systems (2002)

Information is one of the most valuable assets of an organization, and when used properly can assist intelligent decision-making that can significantly improve the functioning of an organization. Data warehousing is a recent technology that allows information to be easily and efficiently accessed for decision-making activities. On-line analytical processing (OLAP) tools are well studied for complex data analysis. A data warehouse is a set of subject-oriented, integrated, time varying and non-volatile databases used to support the decision-making activities (Inmon, 1992).
Metasurfaces with controlled angular phase dispersion (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrangements of nano-scatterers that enable control of phase, amplitude, and polarization of light with high efficiency and subwavelength resolution. They have enabled diffractive optical elements with enhanced functionalities and performance. Nevertheless, metasurface diffractive optical elements share many of the properties of regular diffractive optical elements. One of these properties is the response of diffractive elements to changing the angle of illumination: if the beam incident on a grating is rotated by an angle, all diffraction orders will rotate by corresponding angles in the same direction. More precisely, because of the constant grating momentum, the change in the sine of all diffraction angles will be equal to the change in the sine of the illumination angle. Many optical devices of interest, however, do not require this type of behavior, which makes their implementation using metasurfaces very challenging. For instance retroreflectors, which reflect light incident from any angle to the same direction, or collimators, that deflect light coming from any angle to a single given direction, do not follow the regular diffractive optics angular response. We investigate properties of single-layer metasurfaces that enable devices like retroreflectors and collimators. We show that such metasurfaces should have the ability to control the phase, as well as the derivative of phase with respect to angle. We demonstrate designs that provide such control, and use them to show devices that defy the regular response of diffractive optical devices to changes in the illumination angle.
Geometrical and spectral data stitching for combining hyperspectralimaging systems (2017)

Abstract One way to increase the amount of information acquired via hyperspectral imaging and therefore to increase the possibility of data analysis is combining the spatial and spectral information of hyperspectral data sets. The aforementioned data sets are obtained by cameras covering different spectral ranges. The purpose of this article is to develop an algorithm which is able to combine two data sets acquired by two hyperspectral pushbroom imagers, covering the visible (VIS) and the near infrared (NIR) wavelength range. Initially, the effect of optical aberrations, as well as errors via the image registration were examined. Subsequently a correction algorithm for both the optical aberration and the image registration is elaborated.
Property differencing for incremental checking (2014)

This paper introduces iProperty, a novel approach that facilitates incremental checking of programs based on a property differencing technique. Specifically, iProperty aims to reduce the cost of checking properties as they are initially developed and as they co-evolve with the program. The key novelty of iProperty is to compute the differences between the new and old versions of expected properties to reduce the number and size of the properties that need to be checked during the initial development of the properties. Furthermore, property differencing is used in synergy with program behavior differencing techniques to optimize common regression scenarios, such as detecting regression errors or checking feature additions for conformance to new expected properties. Experimental results in the context of symbolic execution of Java programs annotated with properties written as assertions show the effectiveness of iProperty in utilizing change information to enable more efficient checking.
Pay One, Get Hundreds for Free: Reducing Cloud Costs through Shared Query Execution (2018)

Cloud-based data analysis is nowadays common practice because of the lower system management overhead as well as the pay-as-you-go pricing model. The pricing model, however, is not always suitable for query processing as heavy use results in high costs. For example, in query-as-a-service systems, where users are charged per processed byte, collections of queries accessing the same data frequently can become expensive. The problem is compounded by the limited options for the user to optimize query execution when using declarative interfaces such as SQL. In this paper, we show how, without modifying existing systems and without the involvement of the cloud provider, it is possible to significantly reduce the overhead, and hence the cost, of query-as-a-service systems. Our approach is based on query rewriting so that multiple concurrent queries are combined into a single query. Our experiments show the aggregated amount of work done by the shared execution is smaller than in a query-at-a-time approach. Since queries are charged per byte processed, the cost of executing a group of queries is often the same as executing a single one of them. As an example, we demonstrate how the shared execution of the TPC-H benchmark is up to 100x and 16x cheaper in Amazon Athena and Google BigQuery than using a query-at-a-time approach while achieving a higher throughput.
The BRAIN Initiative and Neuroethics: Enabling and Enhancing Neuroscience Advances for Society (2020)

As the Brain Research through Advancing Neurotechnologyies, better known as the BRAIN Initiative moves forward at a rapid pace increasing attention has focused on neuroethics. The National Institutes of Health recently mandated a review of the progress of the BRAIN Initiative progress with the goal of fine-tuning its future directions. The BRAIN Working Group 2 focused its discussion on science while the BRAIN Neuroethics Subgroup focused on neuroethics. The Brain Neuroethics Subgroup deliberated for over a year collecting information and recommendations through in person and video meetings, a public one-day neuroethics symposium and soliciting input from neuroscientists and neuroethicist's. The resulting report entitled "The BRAIN Initiative and Neuroethics: Enabling and Enhancing Neuroscience Advances for Society" was accepted by Director of NIH in October of 2019. The recommendations span many BRAIN research neuroethics concerns including privacy considerations, the use of nonhuman primate model systems, neural modulation and enhancement, subject participation in BRAIN research and equity in neuroscience research. Further the group recommended a transformative project whose goal of detailing the scientific mechanisms and ethical underpinnings of consciousness is one of the most daunting issues that impact our perceptions of ourselves. It is anticipated that the report?s recommendations will provide a foundation or "roadmap" for ensuring that neuroethics and BRAIN research move forward as an integrated effort thereby insuring that BRAIN research is of the highest quality.
Development and testing of high-temperature acoustic Doppler flowmeter (1981)

Industrial applications of acoustic Doppler flowmeters have recently been increased, in particular in cases of turbulent flow and low-temperature requirements (less than 300/sup 0/F). These flowmeters, however, are not suited for applications in high-temperature and high-viscosity laminar flow streams found in coal-liquefaction plants. This work presents the development and testing of an acoustic Doppler flowmeter developed at the Argonne National Laboratory. The characteristics of this flowmeter are: (1) standoffs to isolate the transducers from the hot pipes; and (2) an electronics system with servo-controlled adjustable filters that can process a Doppler-shift signal spectrum generated by laminar flow conditions.
Construction and characterization of novel CD33/CD3 tandem diabodies (TandAbs) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (2015)

7067 Background: CD33 had been validated as an AML target in randomized studies of the antibody-drug conjugate, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) in a subset of patients, but currently explored CD33-targeted therapeutics are ineffective in many patients. Here, we explored the potential therapeutic activity in AML of a series of novel CD33/CD3-directed tandem diabodies (TandAbs). These tetravalent bispecific antibodies comprised of single chain antibody variable fragments (scFv) have avidity due to two binding sites for each antigen and attractive pharmacokinetics due to a molecular size that is larger than the renal clearance threshold. Methods: CD33/CD3 TandAbs were generated from humananti-CD33 and anti-CD3 scFv domains and expressed in CHO cells. Binding affinities of purified TandAbs were determined via flow cytometry. T-cell activation was assessed via quantitation of CD25 and CD69 on T-cells. Cytotoxic properties of TandAbs against CD33+ AML cell lines and primary specimens from adults with AML, selected across the entire cytogenetic/molecular disease spectrum, were determined in 48-hour assays in the presence of healthy donor T-cells. Results: Our studies demonstrated that CD33/CD3 TandAbs induced potent cytolysis of CD33+ AML cell lines and patient-derived AML specimens at pM concentrations. Their cytotoxic effect required the presence of T-cells and was quantitatively dependent on the concentration of the TandAb as well as the effector-to-target (E:T) cell ratio. In a series of 29 primary AML specimens, high-affinity CD33/CD3-directed TandAbs were broadly active in vitro, even in leukemias with low CD33 expression, with similar activity profiles in specimens from patients with newly diagnosed AML and those with relapsed or refractory disease. Conclusions: CD33/CD3 TandAbs have potent and selective cytotoxicity for CD33+ AML cells that is independent of disease stage. Our findings identified several TandAbs that merit further study as targeted AML therapeutics.
L’inscription trilingue (perse, parthe, grec) des Res Gestae Divi Saporis (2014)

Discussion d'une inscription trilingue trouvee en Fars (Iran) et datant du 3e siecle apres J.-C.
3D‐Printed, Superelastic Polypyrrole–Graphene Electrodes with Ultrahigh Areal Capacitance for Electrochemical Energy Storage (2018)

Abstract Disruptive custom electronics require a transformation in energy storage systems from traditional thin‐film units to shape conformable 3D components. However, current thick electrodes suffer from uncontrollable geometries and architectures, which lead to ion diffusion limitations, and poor mechanical properties. Here, designed, superelastic polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated graphene aerogel (GA) electrodes are fabricated via 3D printing and polymer self‐assembly methods. This resilient GA template (up to 90% compression) can be printed into any desired shape including engineered 3D architectures with periodic macropores, which promote the uniform deposition and adhesion of PPy onto the support. The coated PPy thin film increases the specific gravimetric capacitance of the GA electrode from 14 to 395 F g −1 with 90% retention after 5000 charging–discharging cycles. The capacitance remains the same value after 100 times compression cycles. It also improves the compressive strength by one order of magnitude from 0.14 to 2.4 MPa. Areal capacitance and energy density of the PPy–GA electrode are 2 F cm −2 and 0.78 mWh cm −2 , respectively, which to the best of the knowledge break the record for compressible electrodes, respectively. This approach enables the fabrication of complex architectured energy storage modules with enhanced compressibility, ultrahigh areal electrochemical performance, and excellent cyclability.