gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (2016)

Fourier transform spectroscopy has established itself as the standard method for spectral analysis of infrared light. Here we present a robust and compact novel static Fourier transform spectrometer design without any moving parts. The design is well suited for measurements in the infrared as it works with extended light sources independent of their size. The design is experimentally evaluated in the mid-infrared wavelength region between 7.2 μm and 16 μm. Due to its large etendue, its low internal light loss, and its static design it enables high speed spectral analysis in the mid-infrared.
Tutorial: In-Situ Site-Selective FIB for High Resolution TEM Sample Preparation (2006)

With the advent of the nanotechnology era, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is now a critical tool for acquiring atomic-resolution images. However, preparing HRTEM specimens with conventional approaches has been time consuming and cumbersome. Recently, focused ion-beam (FIB) milling has emerged as a relatively fast and versatile tool for preparing HRTEM specimens using in-situ or ex-situ FIB-milling procedures. In this tutorial, we describe a step-by-step approach for making such specimens. The limitations and their subsequent solutions by FIB milling are presented.
User intent in a shared control framework for pedestrian mobility aids (2004)

This paper presents a novel approach to infer navigational intent of the user of a walker, based on measuring forces and moments applied to the walker's handles. While there are many types of "intent" that could be inferred for a given user action, the experiments conducted here focused on the determining user's navigational intent, i.e. their desired heading. Our experiments used two 6-DOF force/moment sensors on the walker's handles and a digital motion capture system to correlate applied force with actual motion. Preliminary results revealed that the intent to turn, represented by changes in the heading angle, highly correlates with the overall turning moment around the vertical axis as well as the side forces applied by the user. Other force/moment components reveal additional information, such as support needs. The inferred user intent will be incorporated into a passive shared steering control system for the walker.
REMOVED: Development and Optimization of Supported PTMSP-Silica Nanohybrid Pervaporation Membranes for Alcohol/Water Separations (2012)

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been removed at the request of the Executive Publisher. This article has been removed because it was published without the permission of the author(s).
Counter-ion Dependent, LongitudinalUnzipping of Multi-Walled CarbonNanotubes to Highly Conductive andTransparent Graphene Nanoribbons (2014)

Here we report for the first time, a simple hydrothermal approach for the bulk production of highly
conductive and transparent graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) using several counter ions from K2SO4, KNO3,
KOH and H2SO4 in aqueous media, where, selective intercalation followed by exfoliation gives highly
conducting GNRs with over 80% yield. In these experiments, sulfate and nitrate ions act as a co-intercalant
along with potassium ions resulting into exfoliation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in an
effective manner. The striking similarity of experimental results in KOH and H2SO4 that demonstrates
partially damaged MWCNTs, implies that no individual K1, SO422 ion plays a key role in unwrapping of
MWCNTs, rather this process is largely effective in the presence of both cations and anions working in a
cooperative manner. The GNRs can be used for preparing conductive 16 kVsq21, transparent (82%) and
flexible thin films using low cost fabrication method
Dynamic reservoir characterization and seismically constrained production optimization (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999Dynamic reservoir characterization and seismically constrained production optimizationAuthors: Ali TuraFred AminzadehAli Tura4 Wave Imaging and Fred AminzadehdGB USA and FACT Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820962 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820962FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byComputational Intelligence for Geosciences and Oil Exploration SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999 ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645 Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Ali Tura and Fred Aminzadeh, (1999), "Dynamic reservoir characterization and seismically constrained production optimization," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 2012-2013. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820962 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Structure and Mechanism of the 6-Deoxyerythronolide B Synthase (2007)

6-Deoxyerythronolide B, the macrocyclic aglycone of the antibiotic erythromycin, is synthesized by a polyketide synthase (PKS) that has emerged as the prototypical modular megasynthase. A variety of molecular biological, protein chemical, and biosynthetic experiments over the past two decades have yielded insights into its mechanistic features. More recently, high-resolution structural images of portions of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase have provided a platform for interpreting this wealth of biochemical data, while at the same time presenting a fundamentally new basis for the design of more detailed investigations into this remarkable enzyme. For example, the critical roles of domain-domain interactions and nonconserved linkers, as well as large interdomain movements in the structure and function of modular PKSs, have been highlighted. In turn, these insights point the way forward for more sophisticated and efficient biosynthetic engineering of complex polyketide natural products.
Model-Based Design of Closed Loop Deep Brain Stimulation Controller using Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Parkinson's disease (PD) currently Influences around one million people in the US. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment for the motor symptoms of PD that delivers electrical stimulation to the basal ganglia (BG) region of the brain. Existing commercial DBS devices employ stimulation based only on fixed-frequency periodic pulses. While such periodic high-frequency DBS controllers provide effective relief of PD symptoms, they are very inefficient in terms of energy consumption, and the lifetime of these battery- operated devices is limited to 4 years. Furthermore, fixed high- frequency stimulation may have side effects, such as speech impairment. Consequently, there is a need to move beyond (1) fixed stimulation pulse controllers, and (2) `one-size-fits- all' patient-agnostic treatments, to provide energy efficient and effective (in terms of relieving PD symptoms) DBS controllers. In this work, we introduce a deep reinforcement learning (RL)- based approach that can derive patient-specific DBS patterns that are both effective in reducing a model-based proxy for PD symptoms, as well as energy-efficient. Specifically, we model the BG regions as a Markov decision process (MDP), and define the state and action space as state of the neurons in the BG regions and the stimulation patterns, respectively. Thereafter, we define the reward functions over the state space, and the learning objective is set to maximize the accumulated reward over a finite horizon (i.e., the treatment duration), while bounding average stimulation frequency. We evaluate the performance of our methodology using a Brain-on-Chip (BoC) FPGA platform that implements the physiologically-relevant basal ganglia model (BGM). We show that our RL-based DBS controllers significantly outperform existing fixed frequency controllers in terms of energy efficiency (e.g., by using 70% less energy than common periodic controllers), while providing suitable reduction of model-based proxy for PD symptoms.
Finite-Time In-Network Computation of Linear Transforms (2020)

This paper focuses on finite-time in-network computation of linear transforms of distributed graph data. Finite-time transform computation problems are of interest in graph-based computing and signal processing applications in which the objective is to compute, by means of distributed iterative methods, various (linear) transforms of the data distributed at the agents or nodes of the graph. While finite-time computation of consensus-type or more generally rank-one transforms have been studied, systematic approaches toward scalable computing of general linear transforms, specifically in the case of heterogeneous agent objectives in which each agent is interested in obtaining a different linear combination of the network data, are relatively less explored. In this paper, by employing ideas from algebraic geometry, we develop a systematic characterization of linear transforms that are amenable to distributed in-network computation in finite-time using linear iterations. Further, we consider the general case of directed inter-agent communication graphs. Specifically, it is shown that almost all linear transformations of data distributed on the nodes of a digraph containing a Hamiltonian cycle may be computed using at most N linear distributed iterations. Finally, by studying an associated matrix factorization based reformulation of the transform computation problem, we obtain, as a by-product, certain results and characterizations on sparsity-constrained matrix factorization that are of independent interest.
Effects of Elastoplasticity, Damage, and Environmental Exposure on the Behavior of Adhesive Step-Lap Joints (2022)

Abstract The presence of damage in the adhesive material as well as combined environmental excitation in multi-material adhesive step-lap joints (ASLJs) often encountered in aircraft industries are frequently neglected. Historically, the ASLJ design is based only within the scope of elastoplastic failure. The present work describes the implementation and application of a computational framework enabling the quasistatic performance evaluation of such joints under the simultaneous presence of plasticity, damage, and hygrothermal environmental stimuli. In particular, ASLJ linking Ti–6Al–4V alloy adherents with an FM-300K adhesive are modeled under the proposed framework for various material responses and environmental excitations. It is shown that the assumption of using only elastoplastic failure for the adhesive may not be an adequate assumption for designing and qualifying ASLJs. Specifically, consideration of the presence of plasticity, damage, and environmental effects indicates that there are reasons to re-examine the design practices of such joints and to determine the relevant material constants associated with the multiphysics cross-coupling effects.
New Botrydial Sesquiterpenoids from Hymenoscyphus epiphyllus (1997)

Four new botrydial derivatives, hymendial (1), 7 alpha-hydroxydihydrobotrydial (2), 7 alpha-hydroxy-10-O-methyldihydrobotrydial (4), and 7 alpha-acetoxy-15 alpha-methoxy-10-O-methyl-dihydrobotrydial (5) were isolated together with dihydrobotrydial (3) from the culture fluid of the ascomycete Hymenoscyphus epiphyllus. In addition, cytochalasin H (6a), 18-deoxycytochalasin H (6b) and (+)-mellein (7) were produced by this fungus. Hymendial (1), possessing an alpha, beta-unsaturated dialdehyde functionality, exhibits antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities and is mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella assay.
Functional Characterization of CLPTM1L as a Lung Cancer Risk Candidate Gene in the 5p15.33 Locus (2012)

Cleft Lip and Palate Transmembrane Protein 1-Like (CLPTM1L), resides in a region of chromosome 5 for which copy number gain has been found to be the most frequent genetic event in the early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This locus has been found by multiple genome wide association studies to be associated with lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers. CLPTM1L has been identified as an overexpressed protein in human ovarian tumor cell lines that are resistant to cisplatin, which is the only insight thus far into the function of CLPTM1L. Here we find CLPTM1L expression to be increased in lung adenocarcinomas compared to matched normal lung tissues and in lung tumor cell lines by mechanisms not exclusive to copy number gain. Upon loss of CLPTM1L accumulation in lung tumor cells, cisplatin and camptothecin induced apoptosis were increased in direct proportion to the level of CLPTM1L knockdown. Bcl-xL accumulation was significantly decreased upon loss of CLPTM1L. Expression of exogenous Bcl-xL abolished sensitization to apoptotic killing with CLPTM1L knockdown. These results demonstrate that CLPTM1L, an overexpressed protein in lung tumor cells, protects from genotoxic stress induced apoptosis through regulation of Bcl-xL. Thus, this study implicates anti-apoptotic CLPTM1L function as a potential mechanism of susceptibility to lung tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy.
Simulation of the inelastic deformation of porous reservoirs under cyclic loading relevant for underground hydrogen storage (2022)

Subsurface geological formations can be utilized to safely store large-scale (TWh) renewable energy in the form of green gases such as hydrogen. Successful implementation of this technology involves estimating feasible storage sites, including rigorous mechanical safety analyses. Geological formations are often highly heterogeneous and entail complex nonlinear inelastic rock deformation physics when utilized for cyclic energy storage. In this work, we present a novel scalable computational framework to analyse the impact of nonlinear deformation of porous reservoirs under cyclic loading. The proposed methodology includes three different time-dependent nonlinear constitutive models to appropriately describe the behavior of sandstone, shale rock and salt rock. These constitutive models are studied and benchmarked against both numerical and experimental results in the literature. An implicit time-integration scheme is developed to preserve the stability of the simulation. In order to ensure its scalability, the numerical strategy adopts a multiscale finite element formulation, in which coarse scale systems with locally-computed basis functions are constructed and solved. Further, the effect of heterogeneity on the results and estimation of deformation is analyzed. Lastly, the Bergermeer test case-an active Dutch natural gas storage field-is studied to investigate the influence of inelastic deformation on the uplift caused by cyclic injection and production of gas. The present study shows acceptable subsidence predictions in this field-scale test, once the properties of the finite element representative elementary volumes are tuned with the experimental data.
Facile (2001)

Architectural simulators are essential tools for computer architecture and systems research and development. Simulators, however, are becoming frustratingly slow, because they must now model increasingly complex micro-architectures running realistic workloads. Previously, we developed a technique called fast-forwarding, which applied partial evaluation and mermoization to improve the performance of detailed architectural simulations by as much as an order of magnitude [14].
ISOP: Machine Learning-Assisted Inverse Stack-Up Optimization for Advanced Package Design (2023)

Future computing calls for heterogeneous integration, e.g., the recent adoption of the chiplet methodology. However, high-speed cross-chip interconnects and packaging shall be critical for the overall system performance. As an example of advanced packaging, a high-density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit board (PCB) has been widely used in complex electronics from cell phones to computing servers. A modern HDI PCB may have over 20 layers, each with its unique material properties and geometrical dimensions, i.e., stack-up, to meet various design constraints and performance optimizations. However, stack-up design is usually done manually in the industry, where experienced designers may devote many hours to adjusting the physical dimensions and materials to meet the desired specifications. This process, however, is time-consuming, tedious, and sub-optimal, largely depending on the designer's expertise. In this paper, we propose to automate the stack-up design with a new framework, ISOP, using machine learning for inverse stack-up optimization for advanced package design. Given a target design specification, ISOP automatically searches for ideal stack-up design parameters while optimizing performance. We develop a novel machine learning-assisted hyper-parameter optimization method to make the search efficient and reliable. Experimental results demonstrate that ISOP is better in figure-of-merit (FoM) than conventional simulated annealing and Bayesian optimization algorithms, with all our design targets met with a shorter runtime. We also compare our fully-automated ISOP with expert designers in the industry and achieve very promising results, with orders of magnitude reduction of turn-around time.
Psionic Doppler Lidar Velocimeter and Rangefinder: Commercializing NASA’s Navigation Doppler Lidar (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0748.vid Distance and speed measurements from a single instrument is a powerful tool for navigation as well as situational awareness. Psionic has developed NASA’s NDL technology to the point it can become practical and cost effective for critical autonomous spacecraft operations. In this paper we discuss the advances made toward the commercialization of the NDL technology developed by NASA Langley. We will also show the results of testing in the laboratory and in flight that demonstrate some of the results of these upgrades. Overall, the work done decreases the cost, mass, and power while increasing performance and functionality. The system was conceived as part of a human lunar lander for precision landing at the lunar south pole. The high confidence velocity measurements allowed excellent inertial navigation from 5 km to the surface. With the improvements described here there now exists potential to use the same instrument for rendezvous and proximity operations as well as terrain relative navigation.
Expanding the [1,2]‐Aryl Migration to the Synthesis of Substituted Indoles (2008)

Durch Ringschluss zum Produkt: 2- und 2,3-substituierte Indole 2 wurden unter milden Bedingungen und in zum Teil hervorragenden Ausbeuten durch die Addition von Kohlenstoffnucleophilen (RM) an leicht zugängliche 1-(2-Aminophenyl)-2-chlorethanone 1 erhalten (siehe Schema). Als Reaktionsmechanismus kommt eine ungewöhnliche [1,2]-Arylwanderung in den Zwischenstufen 3 in Betracht. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z705804_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High Chrome Refractory Characterization: Part I. Impact of Melt Reduction/Oxidation on the Corrosion Mechanism (2015)

High Cr 2 O 3 containing Monofrax ™ K‐3 is a robust refractory that is used in the fiberglass industry and used in radioactive waste glass melters worldwide. Monofrax ™ K‐3 is tolerant of transition metal oxides but contains highly reduced solid solutions of spinels, that is, (Mg,Fe 2+ )(Al,Cr) 2 O 3 . Conversely, many of the waste feeds being processed are highly oxidizing. The K‐3 refractory corrosion was tested in sealed crucibles starting with slurried melter feed instead of prereacted glass called for by ASTM C621. Testing the refractory coupon during the feed‐to‐glass conversion exposes the refractory to the oxidizing and reducing species being released during vitrification, for example, NO 3 − , NO 2 − , CO 2 , CO , O 2 . Corrosion rates measured in highly oxidizing (high nitrate) feeds were ~1.8–2.8 times higher than those determined using prereacted glass or reduced feeds. Confirmatory corrosion rates were measured on Monofrax ™ K‐3 coupons immersed in oxidizing feed in a 1/100th‐scale HLW pilot‐scale melter. Corrosion is heterogeneous or incongruent as Ni and Fe in the waste glass exchange with Mg and Al in the refractory. An insoluble NiFe 2 O 4 spinel corrosion product is formed that can build up a protective layer along the refractory walls or spall and settle to the melter floor depending on melt pool convection/agitation.
The Small GTP-binding Protein R-Ras Can Influence Integrin Activation by Antagonizing a Ras/Raf-initiated Integrin Suppression Pathway (1999)

The rapid modulation of ligand-binding affinity ("activation") is a central property of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. The small GTP-binding protein Ras and its downstream effector kinase Raf-1 suppress integrin activation. In this study we explored the relationship between Ras and the closely related small GTP-binding protein R-Ras in modulating the integrin affinity state. We found that R-Ras does not seem to be a direct activator of integrins in Chinese hamster ovary cells. However, we observed that GTP-bound R-Ras strongly antagonizes the Ras/Raf-initiated integrin suppression pathway. Furthermore, this reversal of the Ras/Raf suppressor pathway does not seem to be via a competition between Ras and R-Ras for common downstream effectors or via an inhibition of Ras/Raf-induced MAP kinase activation. Thus, R-Ras and Ras may act in concert to regulate integrin affinity via the activation of distinct downstream effectors.
A Straightforward, One-Pot Protocol for the Preparation of Libraries of 2-Oxazolines (2005)

A practical protocol for the parallel synthesis of 2-oxazolines using polymer-supported reagents is described. Polymer-supported Mukaiyama reagent is used to couple a carboxylic acid with an amino alcohol, giving a beta-hydroxyamide, which is then cyclized in situ using either polymer-supported sulfonyl chloride resin or polymer-bound 2-fluoropyridinium triflate. Both 2,4-disubstituted and 2,4,5-trisubstituted 2-oxazolines are obtained in high yields and excellent purities after a simple resin filtration and solvent evaporation routine.
RNA-Seq Reveals Spliceosome and Proteasome Genes as Most Consistent Transcripts in Human Cancer Cells (2013)

Accurate quantification of gene expression by qRT-PCR relies on normalization against a consistently expressed control gene. However, control genes in common use often vary greatly between samples, especially in cancer. The advent of Next Generation Sequencing technology offers the possibility to better select control genes with the least cell to cell variability in steady state transcript levels. Here we analyze the transcriptomes of 55 leukemia samples to identify the most consistent genes. This list is enriched for components of the proteasome (ex. PSMA1) and spliceosome (ex. SF3B2), and also includes the translation initiation factor EIF4H, and many heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein genes (ex. HNRNPL). We have validated the consistency of our new control genes in 1933 cancer and normal tissues using publically available RNA-seq data, and their usefulness in qRT-PCR analysis is clearly demonstrated.
Separations of Threo-Erythro Aminoalcohols by Preparative HPLC (1981)

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method which enables the separation of the threo/erythro diastereoisomers obtained from the reduction of WellbutrinTM brand bupropion using a ternary eluent system is described. This has been achieved on a preparative scale.