gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyper- and Hypoventilation Affects Spinal Motor Neuron Excitability During Isoflurane Anesthesia (1998)

Increasing evidence indicates that the spinal cord is an important site of anesthetic action necessary for surgical immobility.Whether clinical hyper- or hypoventilation affects motor neuron excitability during general anesthesia is unknown. To clarify this issue, we studied seven adult ASA physical status I or II patients undergoing elective surgery. Spinal motor neuron excitability was determined by measuring the posterior tibial nerve H reflex and F wave. The baseline H reflex and F wave were recorded before anesthesia using electrodes placed over the soleus and abductor hallucis muscles. After inhaled induction, the end-tidal isoflurane concentration in O2 was maintained at 0.8%. Ventilation was controlled to maintain a steady-state ETCO (2) of 25 +/- 1 and 45 +/- 1 mm Hg randomly for 20 min. Then the H-reflex and F wave were recorded. The difference in H reflex and F wave were analyzed using Student's paired t-test. The baseline H-reflex amplitude (6.8 +/- 2.7 mV) decreased to 4.0 +/- 2.0 mV (P < 0.01) at an ETCO2 of 25 mm Hg and to 2.0 +/- 2.2 mV (P < 0.01) at an ETCO2 of 45 mm Hg. The F-wave persistence (100%) decreased to 77% +/- 24% (P < 0.05) at an ETCO2 of 25 mm Hg and to 61% +/- 19% at an ETCO2 of 45 mm Hg (P < 0.01). Changing ETCO2 values affected H-reflex amplitude and F-wave persistence (P < 0.05), which suggests a change of spinal cord motor neuron excitability, which may affect surgical immobility. Implications: The spinal cord is important for preventing patient movement during surgery. The likelihood of movement may be predicted by measuring the spinal motor neuron excitability by using the H reflex and F wave. Our results show that intraoperative hyper- and hypoventilation can change the H reflex and F wave, which may affect the probability of patient movement during surgery. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:407-10)
Photonic crystals: emerging biosensors and their promise for point-of-care applications (2016)

Biosensors are extensively employed for diagnosing a broad array of diseases and disorders in clinical settings worldwide. The implementation of biosensors at the point-of-care (POC), such as at primary clinics or the bedside, faces impediments because they may require highly trained personnel, have long assay times, large sizes, and high instrumental cost. Thus, there exists a need to develop inexpensive, reliable, user-friendly, and compact biosensing systems at the POC. Biosensors incorporated with photonic crystal (PC) structures hold promise to address many of the aforementioned challenges facing the development of new POC diagnostics. Currently, PC-based biosensors have been employed for detecting a variety of biotargets, such as cells, pathogens, proteins, antibodies, and nucleic acids, with high efficiency and selectivity. In this review, we provide a broad overview of PCs by explaining their structures, fabrication techniques, and sensing principles. Furthermore, we discuss recent applications of PC-based biosensors incorporated with emerging technologies, including telemedicine, flexible and wearable sensing, smart materials and metamaterials. Finally, we discuss current challenges associated with existing biosensors, and provide an outlook for PC-based biosensors and their promise at the POC.
Ligand-Mediated Nanocrystal Growth (2018)

A microfluidic platform combined with a deterministic model accounting for surface ligands reveals precious insights into the nanocrystal formation process. The comparison of on-line kinetic information with model predictions enables the derivation of temperature-dependent kinetic parameters for the CdSe model system. This fully generalizable approach represents a step forward toward a quantitative prediction of the nanocrystal size distribution, enabling the control and optimization of process performance and material properties.
Regulation of cytoskeletal mechanics and cell growth by myosin light chain phosphorylation (1998)

The role of myosin light chain phosphorylation in regulating the mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton was studied in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts expressing a truncated, constitutively active form of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (tMK). Cytoskeletal stiffness determined by quantifying the force required to indent the apical surface of adherent cells showed that stiffness was increased twofold in tMK cells compared with control cells expressing the empty plasmid (Neo cells). Cytoskeletal stiffness quantified using magnetic twisting cytometry showed an approximately 1.5-fold increase in stiffness in tMK cells compared with Neo cells. Electronic volume measurements on cells in suspension revealed that tMK cells had a smaller volume and are more resistant to osmotic swelling than Neo cells. tMK cells also have smaller nuclei, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) and translocation of MAP kinase to the nucleus are slower in tMK cells than in control cells. In tMK cells, there is also less bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and the doubling time is increased. These data demonstrate that increased myosin light chain phosphorylation correlates with increased cytoskeletal stiffness and suggest that changing the mechanical characteristics of the cytoskeleton alters the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and division.
Investigation of fiber dispersion impairment in 400GbE discrete multi-tone system for reach enhancement up to 40 km (2015)

Discrete multi-tone (DMT) technology is an attractive modulation technique for short reach optical transmission system. One of the main factors that limit system performance is fiber dispersion, which is strongly influenced by the chirp characteristics of transmitters. We investigated the fiber dispersion impairment in a 400GbE (4 &times; 116.1-Gb/s) DMT system on LAN-WDM grid for reach enhancement up to 40 km through experiments and numerical simulations.
Emerging Methods for Producing Monodisperse Graphene Dispersions (2009)

With the recent burst of activity surrounding solution phase production of graphene, comparatively little progress has been made towards the generation of graphene dispersions with tailored thickness, lateral area, and shape. The polydispersity of graphene dispersions, however, can lead to unpredictable or non-ideal behavior once they are incorporated into devices, since the properties of graphene vary as a function of its structural parameters. In this brief perspective, we overview the problem of graphene polydispersity, the production of graphene dispersions, and the methods under development to produce dispersions of monodisperse graphene.
Robust Hyperbolic Sigma-Delta Based No Delay Tanlock Loop for Wireless Communications (2014)

This paper presents a new fast locking phase lock loop architecture for frequency synchronization and tracking. The proposed Hyperbolic Σ-Δ No Delay Tanlock Loop (NDTL) has an extended lock-in range and an improved time jitter. The loop has an intentionally introduced hyperbolic nonlinearity, modified Σ-Δ blocks, and finite state machine (FSM), to adapt the loop filter, extending the locking range and improving the timing jitter. The proposed hyperbolic NDTL architecture performs well even in wireless communication systems with high Doppler shift (e.g. vehicular communications) that might cause the system to lose stability. The simulation results under various test scenarios demonstrate that the new architecture offers robust performance in terms of lock-in range, acquisition time, and timing jitter.
Cryopreserved PM21-Particle-Expanded Natural Killer Cells Maintain Cytotoxicity and Effector Functions In Vitro and In Vivo (2022)

There is a great interest in developing natural killer (NK) cells as adoptive cancer immunotherapy. For off-the-shelf approaches and to conduct multicenter clinical trials, cryopreserved NK cells are the preferred product. However, recent studies reported that cryopreservation of NK cells results in loss of cell motility and, as a consequence, cytotoxicity which limits the clinical utility of such products. This study assessed the impact of cryopreservation on the recovery and function of PM21-particle expanded NK cells (PM21-NK cells) as well as their antitumor activity <i>in vitro</i> using 2D and 3D cancer models and <i>in vivo</i> in ovarian cancer models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Viable PM21-NK cells were consistently recovered from cryopreservation and overnight rest with a mean recovery of 73 ± 22% (N = 19). Thawed and rested NK cells maintained the expression of activating receptors when compared to expansion-matched fresh NK cells. Cryopreserved NK cells that were thawed and rested showed no decrease in cytotoxicity when co-incubated with tumor cells at varying effector-to-target (NK:T) ratios compared to expansion-matched fresh NK cells. Moreover, no differences in cytotoxicity were observed between expansion-matched cryopreserved and fresh NK cells in 3D models of tumor killing. These were analyzed by kinetic, live-cell imaging assays co-incubating NK cells with tumor spheroids. When exposed to tumor cells, or upon cytokine stimulation, cryopreserved NK cells that were thawed and rested showed no significant differences in surface expression of degranulation marker CD107a or intracellular expression of TNFα and IFNγ. <i>In vivo</i> antitumor activity was also assessed by measuring the extension of survival of SKOV-3-bearing NSG mice treated with fresh <i>vs.</i> cryopreserved NK cells. Cryopreserved NK cells caused a statistically significant survival extension of SKOV-3-bearing NSG mice that was comparable to that observed with fresh NK cells. Additionally, treatment of NSG mice bearing PDX tumor with cryopreserved PM21-NK cells resulted in nearly doubling of survival compared to untreated mice. These data suggest that PM21-NK cells can be cryopreserved and recovered efficiently without appreciable loss of viability or activity while retaining effector function both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. These findings support the use of cryopreserved PM21-NK cells as a cancer immunotherapy treatment.
Combining somatic mutations present in differentin vivoaffinity-matured antibodies isolated from immunizedLama glamayields ultra-potent antibody therapeutics (2016)

Highly potent human antibodies are required to therapeutically neutralize cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) that is involved in many inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Although a number of mutagenesis approaches exist to perform antibody affinity maturation, these may cause antibody instability and production issues. Thus, a robust and easy antibody affinity maturation strategy to increase antibody potency remains highly desirable. By immunizing llama, cloning the 'immune' antibody repertoire and using phage display, we selected a diverse set of IL-6 antagonistic Fabs. Heavy chain shuffling was performed on the Fab with lowest off-rate, resulting in a panel of variants with even lower off-rate. Structural analysis of the Fab:IL-6 complex suggests that the increased affinity was partly due to a serine to tyrosine switch in HCDR2. This translated into neutralizing capacity in an in vivo model of IL-6 induced SAA production. Finally, a novel Fab library was designed, encoding all variations found in the natural repertoire of VH genes identified after heavy chain shuffling. High stringency selections resulted in identification of a Fab with 250-fold increased potency when re-formatted into IgG1. Compared with a heavily engineered anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody currently in clinical development, this IgG was at least equally potent, showing the engineering process to have had led to a highly potent anti-IL-6 antibody.
Cationic liposomes target angiogenic endothelial cells in tumors and chronic inflammation in mice. (1998)

This study sought to determine whether angiogenic blood vessels in disease models preferentially bind and internalize cationic liposomes injected intravenously. Angiogenesis was examined in pancreatic islet cell tumors of RIP-Tag2 transgenic mice and chronic airway inflammation in Mycoplasma pulmonis-infected C3H/HeNCr mice. For comparison, physiological angiogenesis was examined in normal mouse ovaries. We found that endothelial cells in all models avidly bound and internalized fluorescently labeled cationic liposomes (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane [DOTAP]/cholesterol or dimethyldioctadecyl ammonium bromide [DDAB]/cholesterol) or liposome-DNA complexes. Confocal microscopic measurements showed that angiogenic endothelial cells averaged 15-33-fold more uptake than corresponding normal endothelial cells. Cationic liposome-DNA complexes were also avidly taken up, but anionic, neutral, or sterically stabilized neutral liposomes were not. Electron microscopic analysis showed that 32% of gold-labeled liposomes associated with tumor endothelial cells were adherent to the luminal surface, 53% were internalized into endosomes and multivesicular bodies, and 15% were extravascular 20 min after injection. Our findings indicate that angiogenic endothelial cells in these models avidly bind and internalize cationic liposomes and liposome-DNA complexes but not other types of liposomes. This preferential uptake raises the possibility of using cationic liposomes to target diagnostic or therapeutic agents selectively to angiogenic blood vessels in tumors and sites of chronic inflammation.
Wandering Spleen. A Case of Spontaneous Hemoperitoneum in an HIV-positive Patient with Recurrent Tuboovarian Abscess. (2015)

Wandering spleen is a rare diagnosis, more common in reproductive-aged women, with potentially fatal complications. It is a necessary component of a differential diagnosis for acute abdomen in reproductive-aged women.
Strip-fed excitation of very low permittivity Dielectric Resonator Antennas (2008)

this paper a set of low permittivity DRAs are considered to investigate the capability of increasing impedance bandwidth. All proposed DRAs have the same dimensions and are fed by vertical strips. The effect of length, width, and thickness of the strip on the coupling value is examined. It is found that this approach can strongly feed DRAs with permittivities as low as 4. The structures are analyzed using Ansoft HFSStrade and CST Microwave Studiotrade.
Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Composed of Ordered Polymer Nanopillar Arrays with High Aspect Ratios Using Anodic Porous Alumina Templates (2008)

Two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals composed of ordered polymer nanopillar arrays were fabricated using anodic porous alumina templates. For the preparation of 2D photonic crystals with high aspect ratios, polymer pillar arrays, in which both ends of nanopillars were supported by supporting layers, were introduced. The diameter, interval and length of nanopillar arrays could be controlled by changing the preparation conditions of anodic porous alumina templates. The reflection properties of the ordered polymer nanopillar array obtained exhibited a stop band in the spectrum, which corresponds to the band gap in the 2D photonic crystals.
MAPPING POLYGENES (1993)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
A Facile Synthesis of a Polyhydroxylated 2-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (2007)

Synthetic or natural aza-sugars have shown promise as a therapeutic approach to a variety of disease states by acting as transition state mimics to sugar processing enzymes. Although the synthesis of functionalized bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes has been reported, the procedures are relatively long and low yielding. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of polyhydroxylated 2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane that can be selectively functionalized.
316 Next generation CAR-T incorporating an inhibitory CAR (iCAR) for increased safety in solid tumors (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown incredible clinical success for hematopoietic malignancies, but for solid tumors is limited by “on-target off-tumor” toxicity to vital organs due to lack of target specificity. We have developed dual CAR-T cells consisting of a canonical activating CAR (aCAR), intended to elicit efficacy in solid tumors, and an inhibitory CAR (iCAR) designed to effectively suppress aCAR activation in normal tissues. The iCAR and aCAR bind distinct cell-surface antigens that are widely co-expressed in normal tissues. The iCAR is allele specific, and targets an antigen that is commonly lost in cancer due to chromosomal loss-of heterozygosity (LOH). Therefore, whereas healthy cells express the iCAR antigen and are protected, tumors have irreversibly lost iCAR antigen expression via LOH and are killed. <h3>Methods</h3> In this study we developed dual CARs with an aCAR targeting Her2 and iCAR targeting HLA-A2. We screened bicistronic dual CARs in human PBMCs following lentiviral transduction against target cell lines that express normal levels of both antigens paired with targets following CRISPR KO of the HLA-A2 to mimic LOH. <i>In-vitro</i> assays included Luciferase-based killing assays, live-imaging killing assays, and cytokine secretion. <i>In-vivo</i> studies were performed in NSG-mice inoculated with either the HLA-A2+ or HLA-A2 KO targets. <h3>Results</h3> We optimized the iCAR scFv, hinge, signaling domain, and bicistronic linker to generate dual CARs with high potency and tumor-specificity. These dual CARs were highly active against HLA-A2 KO targets (“tumor”) and inhibited against HLA-A2+ targets (“normal tissue”). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results show that the iCAR enables the tremendous therapeutic potential of CAR-T therapy to transition to solid tumors while maintaining safety and tumor specificity.
Data from Somatic Mutations in CCK2R Alter Receptor Activity that Promote Oncogenic Phenotypes (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The roles of cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R) in numerous physiologic processes in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system are well documented. There has been some evidence that CCK2R alterations play a role in cancers, but the functional significance of these alterations for tumorigenesis is unknown. We have identified six mutations in CCK2R among a panel of 140 colorectal cancers and 44 gastric cancers. We show that these mutations increase receptor activity, activate multiple downstream signaling pathways, increase cell migration, and promote angiogenesis. Our findings suggest that somatic mutations in CCK2R may promote tumorigenesis through deregulated receptor activity and highlight the importance of evaluating CCK2R inhibitors to block both the normal and mutant forms of the receptor. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 10(6); 739–49. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Pituitary hemorrhage into a Rathke??s cleft cyst (1990)

This report describes a case of symptomatic pituitary hemorrhage into a Rathke's cleft cyst in a 25-year-old woman. The literature on pituitary hemorrhage in nonadenomatous sellar tumors is reviewed.
Complement factor H mRNA in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes of a factor H-deficient patient: detection by polymerase chain reaction. (1995)

A Spanish family with a hereditary deficiency of factor H was identified in previous studies. The deficiency was subtotal as low amounts of a dysmorphic molecule with partial identity to factor H were detected in her serum. The aim of this study was to obtain further characterisation of her deficiency employing her immortalised lymphocytes. After purification of mRNA from her Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphocytes and from Raji cells, and cDNA synthesis we succeeded in amplifying cDNA which codes for factor H domains 13-15 from both cell lines, using specific oligonucleotides. The amplified fragments were indistinguishable from the one which was amplified from the control cloned cDNA template. The failure to amplify the 3' end of the patient's factor H mRNA suggests that the mRNA is truncated, which is consistent with the characteristics of the dysmorphic protein. Thus, factor H mRNA was detectable in Raji cells and the patient's EBV-transformed lymphocytes. We suggest that immortalised B lymphocytes can be used for the study of a range of inherited complement deficiencies.
Cerebral Microdialysis for Protein Biomarker Monitoring in the Neurointensive Care Setting â€“ A Technical Approach (2014)

Cerebral microdialysis (MD) was introduced as a neurochemical monitoring tool in the early 1990s and is currently well established for the sampling of low molecular weight biomarkers of energy metabolic perturbation and cellular distress in the neurointensive care (NIC) setting. There is now a growing interest in MD for intracerebral sampling of protein biomarkers of secondary injury mechanisms in acute traumatic and neurovascular brain injury in the NIC community. The initial enthusiasm over the opportunity to sample protein biomarkers with high molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) MD catheters has dampened somewhat with the emerging realization of inherent problems with this methodology including protein adhesion, protein-protein interaction and biofouling, leading to unstable MD catheter performance (i.e. fluid recovery and extraction efficiency). This review will focus on the results of a multidisciplinary collaborative effort, within the Uppsala Berzelii Centre for Neurodiagnostics during the past several years, to study the features of the complex process of high MWCO MD for protein biomarkers. This research has led to new methodology showing robust in vivo performance with optimized fluid recovery and improved extraction efficiency, allowing for more accurate biomarker monitoring. In combination with evolving analytical methodology allowing for multiplex biomarker analysis in ultra-small MD samples a new opportunity opens up for high-resolution temporal mapping of secondary injury cascades, such as neuroinflammation and other cell injury reactions directly in the injured human brain. Such data may provide an important basis for improved characterization of complex injuries, e.g. traumatic and neurovascular brain injury, and help in defining targets and treatment windows for neuroprotective drug development
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (2023)

Within the first months of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, previously healthy recipients who developed severe thrombosis (often cerebral and/or splanchnic vasculature) and thrombocytopenia typically after adenoviral vector-based vaccination were identified. Similarities between this syndrome, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia prompted recognition of the role of antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies and management strategies based on IV immunoglobulin and nonheparin anticoagulants, which improved outcome. We update current understanding of VITT and potential involvement of anti-PF4 antibodies in thrombotic disorders.