gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface-potential decay of biased-probe contact-charged amorphous polymer films (2010)

We have investigated the decay of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and electric force microscopy (EFM) signals from biased-probe contact-charged films of three different amorphous polymers representing wide-ranging water absorption capabilities. The surface-potential decay (SPD) has been measured by repeatedly scanning the charge pattern as a function of dissipation time t while varying the relative humidity (RH), the film thickness d, the temperature, the charging voltage, and the load on the scanning probe. Whereas increases in KPFM and EFM peak widths are appreciable only in the long run, the decay in the peak heights is rapid at the beginning and then strongly slowing down with time. Peak heights can be approximated for t&amp;lt;1 hour by power laws of negative exponents (−β), with 0&amp;lt;β&amp;lt;0.5 in dry conditions. β increases for thinner films and when scanning with higher probe loads. Raising the humidity or heating to temperatures well below the glass transition temperature of the polymer considerably increases β, with much stronger impacts for polymers with a higher water uptake capability. From the findings, we conclude that ionic charge carriers are trapped by the charge injection process in the volume of the polymers at low depths. A main contribution to SPD is by drift of the ions in their own space-charge field, mutually repelling each other and being attracted by their mirror charge in the grounded back electrode. Lateral drifts for small t are not resolved, increases in peak widths for t⪢1 h are predominantly due to increased probe—charge carrier distances. We interpret the power law approximation in terms of dispersive transport theory. We approximate trap-controlled apparent mobilities μ from isothermal KPFM peak height data, taken within a few minutes after charging, by a linear and a hyperbolic SPD model. Both models yield μ≈10−14 cm2/(V s) for thin films (d≈50 nm) in dry conditions. For mobilities derived similarly from isohumid measurements series, we find an exponential increase as a function of RH%. We furthermore suggest that two more mechanisms contributing to SPD are: first, by potential shielding of charge carriers by water dipoles, and second, in an indirect manner, by diffusion of injected water.
The relation between Mandel Q and correlation time in the cavity-QED microlaser (2005)

We have measured second order correlation function in the cavity-QED microlaser. The linear relation between correlation time and Mandel Q was observed and this explains the origin of sub-Poissonan photon statistics.
Snøhvit CO2 Monitoring Using Well Pressure Measurement and 4D Seismic (2014)

The snøhvit Field came on stream in 2007. CO2 is seperated from the feed gas and reinjected into the reservoir using one CO2 injector. CO2 injection started April 2008 into Tubåen Formation. Due to limitation in the near well reservoir, and with the current injection rate, increase in pressure was observed and Tubåen was plugged off in 2011. All CO2 is now injected into the Stø reservoir. The injection is going fine and as expected and no pressure increase in the injector is observed. 4D seismic together with downhole pressure measurement are used in order to history match the reservoir simulation model.
On active surge control of compressors using a mass flow observer (2004)

A globally exponentially stable (GES) observer for the mass flow in a compression system is proposed. Further, a previously proposed active surge control scheme is shown to be GES. This nonlinear control scheme employs the drive torque of the compressors drive unit as the control variable in an active surge control system. The controller is based on feedback from mass flow. It is desirable to avoid this measurement as it is both inaccurate and expensive. Using a nonlinear separation principle, the total system is shown to be globally asymptotically stable (GAS). The results are supported by simulations.
Supplementary Table S2 from Gemcitabine Mechanism of Action Confounds Early Assessment of Treatment Response by 3′-Deoxy-3′-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorothymidine in Preclinical Models of Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mean and standard deviation, as well as number of samples analyzed (in brackets), of the data presented in this article.&lt;/p&gt;
Minireview: PRKAR1A: Normal and Abnormal Functions (2004)

The type 1alpha regulatory subunit (RIalpha) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) (coded by the PRKAR1A gene) is the main component of type I PKA, which regulates most of the serine-threonine kinase activity catalyzed by the PKA holoenzyme in response to cAMP. Carney complex (CNC), or the complex of spotty skin pigmentation, myxomas, and endocrine overactivity, is a multiple endocrine (and not only) neoplasia syndrome that is due to PRKAR1A-inactivating mutations. The R1alpha protein and PRKAR1A mRNA have been found to be up-regulated in a series of cell lines and human and rodent neoplasms, suggesting this molecule's involvement in tumorigenesis and its potential role in cell cycle regulation, growth, and/or proliferation. Alterations in PKA activity elicit a variety of effects depending on the tissue, developmental stage, degree of differentiation, and cAMP levels. In addition, RIalpha may have functions independent of PKA. The presence of inactivating germline mutations and the loss of its wild-type allele in some CNC lesions indicate that PRKAR1A might function as a tumor suppressor gene in these tissues, but could PRKAR1A be a classic tumor suppressor gene? Probably not, and this review explains why.
Lateral Distribution of the Cytochrome b6/f and Coupling Factor ATP Synthetase Complexes of Chloroplast Thylakoid Membranes (1985)

We have visualized directly the distribution of the cytochrome b(6)/f and coupling factor ATP synthetase complexes in thylakoid membranes of embedded, thin-sectioned, intact chloroplasts by using rabbit antibodies directed against each complex, followed by ferritin-conjugated goat anti- (rabbit immunoglobulin G) antibodies. The labeling patterns indicate that in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts the cytochrome b(6)/f complex is distributed laterally throughout both stacked grana and unstacked stroma membrane regions, whereas the coupling factor ATP synthetase complex is found exclusively in stroma thylakoids and in the marginal and end membranes of grana.
Perish and publish: Dynamics of biomedical publications by deceased authors (2022)

The question of whether it is appropriate to attribute authorship to deceased individuals of original studies in the biomedical literature is contentious. Authorship guidelines utilized by journals do not provide a clear consensus framework that is binding on those in the field. To guide and inform the implementation of authorship frameworks it would be useful to understand the extent of the practice in the scientific literature, but studies that have systematically quantified the prevalence of this phenomenon in the biomedical literature have not been performed to date. To address this issue, we quantified the prevalence of publications by deceased authors in the biomedical literature from the period 1990-2020. We screened 2,601,457 peer-reviewed papers from the full text Europe PubMed Central database. We applied natural language processing, stringent filtering and manual curation to identify a final set of 1,439 deceased authors. We then determined these authors published a total of 38,907 papers over their careers with 5,477 published after death. The number of deceased publications has been growing rapidly, a 146-fold increase since the year 2000. This rate of increase was still significant when accounting for the growing total number of publications and pool of authors. We found that more than 50% of deceased author papers were first submitted after the death of the author and that over 60% of these papers failed to acknowledge the deceased authors status. Most deceased authors published less than 10 papers after death but a small pool of 30 authors published significantly more. A pool of 266 authors published more than 90% of their total publications after death. Our analysis indicates that the attribution of deceased authorship in the literature is not an occasional occurrence but a burgeoning trend. A consensus framework to address authorship by deceased scientists is warranted.
High-Sensitivity Temperature Measurement With Miniaturized InSb Mid-IR Sensor (2007)

This paper reports the development and evaluation of an InSb photovoltaic infrared sensor (InSb PVS) operating at room temperature. The InSb PVS consists of 700 InSb p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> - p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> - n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> photodiodes connected in series, on a semi-insulating GaAs (100) substrate. An Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.17</sub> rIn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.83</sub> Sb barrier layer between p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> and p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> layers was used to reduce diffusion of photo-excited electrons. Cutoff wavelength was 6.8 mum and output signal was almost linear with irradiance up to 0.6 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Sensitivity of 67 muV/K and noise equivalent temperature difference of 2.2 mK/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> was obtained at room temperature, which shows the sensor to be a suitable for noncontact thermometry.
Annealing stability and device application of nonalloyed ohmic contacts using a low temperature grown GaAs cap on thin n+ GaAs layers (1997)

This letter summarizes a study of nonalloyed ohmic contact structures consisting of Au/Ti metallization deposited on a thin (3.5 nm) layer of low-temperature-grown GaAs (LTG:GaAs) on a thin (10 nm) layer of heavily doped n-type GaAs. We demonstrate that this Au/Ti:LTG:GaAs/n+GaAs contact structure can be used to make effective contacts to thin n+ layers, that the resulting contact survives annealing at temperatures between 300 °C and 400 °C, and that the contact resistivity, ρc, is reasonably stable for these anneals. This is contrasted with conventional Au/Ge/Ni alloyed contacts. The contact structure has also been applied to a resonant tunneling diode (RTD). The characteristic current-voltage curves of RTDs show that the performance of the intrinsic barrier/well/barrier region of the device is not degraded after anneal.
Use of a Conformational-Switching Mechanism to Modulate Exposed Polarity: Discovery of CCR2 Antagonist BMS-741672 (2019)

We encountered a dilemma in the course of studying a series of antagonists of the G-protein coupled receptor CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2): compounds with polar C3 side chains exhibited good ion channel selectivity but poor oral bioavailability, whereas compounds with lipophilic C3 side chains exhibited good oral bioavailability in preclinical species but poor ion channel selectivity. Attempts to solve this through the direct modulation of physicochemical properties failed. However, the installation of a protonation-dependent conformational switching mechanism resolved the problem because it enabled a highly selective and relatively polar molecule to access a small population of a conformer with lower polar surface area and higher membrane permeability. Optimization of the overall properties in this series yielded the CCR2 antagonist BMS-741672 (<b>7</b>), which embodied properties suitable for study in human clinical trials.
Digital Microfluidic High‐Throughput Printing of Single Metal‐Organic Framework Crystals (2012)

The first microfluidic method for accurately depositing monodisperse single MOF crystals is presented, enabling unprecedented high-throughput, yet flexible single-crystal printing. Individual droplets of MOF precursor solutions are actuated over a matrix of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic micropatterns for the controlled generation of femtoliter droplets. As such, thousands of monodisperse single MOF crystals are printed per second in a desired pattern, without the use of impractically expensive equipment.
Robo4 is an effective tumor endothelial marker for antibody-drug conjugates based on the rapid isolation of the anti-Robo4 cell-internalizing antibody (2013)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are internalized into cells are a current focus in the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). We describe a phage display-based high-throughput screening system to rapidly isolate cell-internalizing mAbs. We simultaneously examined the cell-internalizing activities of several hundred independent mAbs and successfully isolated cell-internalizing mAbs against the tumor endothelial markers Roundabout homolog 4 (Robo4) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Tumor accumulation of mAbs with high cell-internalizing activity was significantly higher than that of mAbs with low cell-internalizing activity. Furthermore, the antitumor effects of ADCs of mAbs with high cell-internalizing activity were significantly stronger than those of mAbs with low cell-internalizing activity. Although anti-VEGFR2 therapy caused a significant loss of body weight, anti-Robo4 therapy did not. These findings indicate that cell-internalizing activity plays an important role in the biodistribution and therapeutic effects of ADCs. Further, Robo4 can be an effective marker for tumor vascular targeting.
Scattering of phonons by high-concentration isotopic impurities in ultrathin graphite (2015)

As the isotopic concentration of ultrathin graphite is varied from natural abundance to nearly pure ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$, the thermal conductivity displays a slight dependence on the isotope concentration at temperatures near its maximum $\ensuremath{\sim}150\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The strength of phonon-isotope scattering in the high-isotope impurity-concentration regime is found to be well below that given by a commonly used incoherent and independent isotope impurity scattering model. This finding is in agreement with some recent theoretical predictions that coherent multiple scattering of phonons is important in the measured thermal conductivity of low-dimensional materials in the high-isotope impurity-concentration regime.
Untersuchung des exosomalen und frei zirkulierenden mircoRNA-Expressionsmusters beim kolorektalen Karzinom und seinen Vorläuferläsionen (2018)

Das kolorektale Karzinom (CRC) gehört zu den häufigsten soliden Neoplasien weltweit. In den letzten Jahren wurden vielversprechende Ergebnisse bei der Diagnosestellung mithilfe von microRNA (miR) publiziert. Jedoch ist bis heute noch kein Biomarkerpanel in der klinischen Alltagsdiagnostik etabliert, was v.a. an einer fehlenden Sensitivität und Spezifität liegt. Exosomen könnten dazu beitragen, diese diagnostische Lücke zu schließen, da gezeigt werden konnte, dass sie den aktuellen Status einer Tumorzelle widerspiegeln. Daher verglichen wir das Expressionsmuster exosomaler und frei zirkulierender miR beim CRC und seinen Vorläuferläsionen.
1×N fiber bundle scanning switch (2002)

Summary form only given. Fiber-optic telecommunications networks will continue to increase in size and complexity, especially as local exchange companies begin to deploy fiber-in-the-loop. A single OTDR can perform line monitoring of thousands of fibers using an out-of-band wavelength and a 1 /spl times/ N opto-mechanical switch. Currently, such switches use a mechanical actuator to move a collimated input fiber across a sequence of individually lensed output fibers. This design yields reliable, repeatable, stable, and efficient switches. However, it does not scale to very large N because most of the cost comes from aligning individual focus lenses to each output. We show a more cost-effective approach to building large 1 /spl times/ N switches, where the input and all output fibers are carried in a fiber bundle and share a single lens. The input light is collimated and directed into a two axis scanner.
Review of Polynomial Chaos-Based Methods for Uncertainty Quantification in Modern Integrated Circuits (2018)

Advances in manufacturing process technology are key ensembles for the production of integrated circuits in the sub-micrometer region. It is of paramount importance to assess the effects of tolerances in the manufacturing process on the performance of modern integrated circuits. The polynomial chaos expansion has emerged as a suitable alternative to standard Monte Carlo-based methods that are accurate, but computationally cumbersome. This paper provides an overview of the most recent developments and challenges in the application of polynomial chaos-based techniques for uncertainty quantification in integrated circuits, with particular focus on high-dimensional problems.
ChemInform Abstract: New Sequential Carbon‐Carbon Bond Forming Reactions. A Samarium(II) Iodide‐Mediated Vinylogous Barbier Reaction Followed by an Aldol Reaction. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrobenzyl Carbamate Prodrugs of Enediynes for Nitroreductase Gene‐Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (GDEPT). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental evaluation of combined effect of coherent RAKE combining and SIR-based fast transmit power control for reverse link of DS-CDMA mobile radio (2000)

The combined effect of coherent RAKE combining using the weighted multislot averaging (WMSA) channel estimation filter and closed-loop fast transmit power control (TPC) in the 4.096 Mchip/s direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) mobile radio reverse link is experimentally evaluated. The WMSA channel estimation filter utilizes periodically transmitted pilot symbols (four pilot symbols are time-multiplexed in each 40-symbol time slot). Its observation period is extended to 2-K slots in order to improve the accuracy of the channel estimation. The fast TPC is based on the measurement of signal-to-interference plus background noise ratio (SIR) using pilot symbols. Laboratory experiments show that the use of the K=2 WMSA channel estimation filter reduces the required E/sub b//I/sub 0/ at the average BER of 10/sup -3/ by approximately 0.5 dB compared to use of the linear interpolation filter, and that the required E/sub b//I/sub 0/ is minimized when the SIR measurement interval is M=10 symbols (one slot TPC delay). It was also clarified that SIR-based TPC works satisfactorily when two users with different information data rates, i.e., SF, independently employ fast TPC. Field experimental results obtained in an area nearby Tokyo showed that the average BER of 10/sup -3/ is achieved at the target E/sub b//I/sub 0/ per antenna of approximately 2.5 dB by using four-finger branch RAKE and two-branch antenna diversity. Although the target E/sub b//I/sub 0/ to achieve same BER, when there is one interfering user with a fourfold greater transmit power than that of the desired user that independently employs fast TPC, is almost the same as that in the single-user case, the mobile transmit power is increased by 1.0-2.0 dB due to the increased MAI. These results indicate that the combination of coherent RAKE combining and fast TPC works well in practical multipath fading channels.
Gastrointestinal polyps in McCune Albright syndrome (2011)

These findings confirm that gastrointestinal polyps are a common manifestation of MAS, indicate an overlap between MAS and PJS, and point towards a putative interaction between the GNAS and STK11 genes in the pathogenesis of these two disorders. The findings suggest a need for routine gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with MAS, to establish the true incidence of polyps in these patients.
Evaluating the impact of ALF on communication subsystems design and performance (1996)

The lack of flexibility and efficiency of the traditional layered model has led researchers to consider new approaches when designing communication subsystems. In particular, one approach consists of implementing protocol subsystems tailored to application requirements. The Application Level Framing concept in which the communication subsystem is able to process data in chunks of application-specific size illustrates such an adaptative and integrated approach. In this paper we discuss the impact of the ALF approach on both the design and the performance of the communication subsystems. Specifically, we examine the effects of ALF on the implementation of a server for digital images. We find that performance can be increased when using the ALF concept and that applications can benefit from the out-of-order processing. We multiply by two the throughput wheu applying ALF over Internet instead of TCP/IP. We show also that the choice of the Application Data Unit size is an important issue for performance.
Eu@COK-16, a host sensitized, hybrid luminescent metal–organic framework (2014)

A new concept of luminescent host-guest materials was developed by introduction of Eu(3+) into COK-16, a HKUST-1 type hybrid metal-organic framework (MOF) with cation exchange properties. In Eu@COK-16, the luminescent ion resides in the pore system of the MOF. The luminescence properties of Eu@COK-16 have been studied based on excitation and emission, allowing analysis of intramolecular energy-transfer processes from the COK-16 host to the exchanged Eu(3+) ions. Both the framework trimesate (BTC) and encapsulated [PW12O40](3-) ions contribute to energy transfer. Since the antenna molecules (BTC) are part of the framework structure and [PW12O40](3-) ions only partly occupy one of the three types of cavities in the structure, a large fraction of the pore volume in this host sensitized luminescent MOF remains available for catalysis applications or adsorption of additional sensitizing molecules. The material structure was determined from a combination of elemental analysis, XAS, XRD, electron and luminescence spectroscopy.