gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Inhibitors BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 on Growth and Pathogenicity of Sendai/Human Parainfluenza Type 3 Chimera Virus in Mice (2009)

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV-3) is a major respiratory tract pathogen that affects young children, but no vaccines or antiviral drugs against it have yet been developed. We developed a mouse model to evaluate the efficacies of the novel parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) inhibitors BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 against a recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV) in which the fusion (F) and HN surface glycoproteins (FHN) were replaced by those of hPIV-3 [rSeV(hPIV-3FHN)]. In the prophylaxis model, 129X1/SvJ mice were infected with a 90% or 20% lethal dose of the virus and were treated intranasally for 5 days with 10 mg/kg of body weight/day of either compound starting 4 h before infection. Prophylactic treatment of the mice with either compound did not prevent their death in a 90% lethality model of rSeV(hPIV-3FHN) infection. However, it significantly reduced the lung virus titers, the amount of weight lost, and the rate of mortality in mice infected with a 20% lethal virus dose. In the therapy model, mice were infected with a nonlethal dose of the virus (100 PFU/mouse) and were treated intranasally with 1 or 10 mg/kg/day of either compound for 5 days starting at 24 or 48 h postinfection. Treatment of the mice with either compound significantly reduced the virus titer in the lungs, subsequently causing a reduction in the number of immune cells and the levels of cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histopathologic changes in the airways. Our results indicate that BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 are effective inhibitors of hPIV-3 HN in our mouse model and may be promising candidates for the prophylaxis and treatment of hPIV-3 infection in humans.
A 1-MHz on-chip relaxation oscillator with comparator delay cancelation (2017)

In this work, an improved topology of a relaxation oscillator is proposed, dealing with the non-idealities of the comparator stage. The oscillator test chips, manufactured in 0.35-μm CMOS process, have the nominal frequency of 1 MHz and typical power consumption of 210 μW. The area of the oscillator core is 0.04 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measured temperature variation of the output frequency is ±0.4% in the temperature range from -40 to 125 °C. The line sensitivity is 0.28 %/V with the supply ranging from 3.0 to 4.5 V. The output frequency stabilizes after one cycle.
Build-on Technology of Bidirectional Optical Communication System Using Bifunctional Organic Diodes (2007)

A bidirectional optical communication system using bi-functional organic diodes (BiORDs) has been investigated. The stacked structure used was a front transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED) and a back organic photodiode (OPD). For a device structure of LiF (1 nm)/semitransparent AlNd (15 nm)/MoO3 (30 nm)/TPD (100 nm)/td-PTC (perylene derivative, 50 nm)/Al, a maximum luminance of 77,400 cd/m2 and a ratio of photo- to dark current of 1,100 were obtained. As a result, an excellent linearity range between the input TOLED current and the output OPD current was obtained at over three orders of magnitude. Cutoff frequencies of the TOLED and OPD were 1.4 MHz and 150 kHz, respectively. For an optical transmission experiment, random burst waveforms of return-to-zero and nonreturn-to-zero were applied to the BiORDs, and an operational frequency of 100 kbps was realized.
The rv1184c Locus Encodes Chp2, an Acyltransferase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Polyacyltrehalose Lipid Biosynthesis (2014)

Trehalose glycolipids are found in many bacteria in the suborder Corynebacterineae, but methyl-branched acyltrehaloses are exclusive to virulent species such as the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In M. tuberculosis, the acyltransferase PapA3 catalyzes the formation of diacyltrehalose (DAT), but the enzymes responsible for downstream reactions leading to the final product, polyacyltrehalose (PAT), have not been identified. The PAT biosynthetic gene locus is similar to that of another trehalose glycolipid, sulfolipid 1. Recently, Chp1 was characterized as the terminal acyltransferase in sulfolipid 1 biosynthesis. Here we provide evidence that the homologue Chp2 (Rv1184c) is essential for the final steps of PAT biosynthesis. Disruption of chp2 led to the loss of PAT and a novel tetraacyltrehalose species, TetraAT, as well as the accumulation of DAT, implicating Chp2 as an acyltransferase downstream of PapA3. Disruption of the putative lipid transporter MmpL10 resulted in a similar phenotype. Chp2 activity thus appears to be regulated by MmpL10 in a relationship similar to that between Chp1 and MmpL8 in sulfolipid 1 biosynthesis. Chp2 is localized to the cell envelope fraction, consistent with its role in DAT modification and possible regulatory interactions with MmpL10. Labeling of purified Chp2 by an activity-based probe was dependent on the presence of the predicted catalytic residue Ser141 and was inhibited by the lipase inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin (THL). THL treatment of M. tuberculosis resulted in selective inhibition of Chp2 over PapA3, confirming Chp2 as a member of the serine hydrolase superfamily. Efforts to produce in vitro reconstitution of acyltransferase activity using straight-chain analogues were unsuccessful, suggesting that Chp2 has specificity for native methyl-branched substrates.
Intrinsic Advantages of SOI Multiple-Gate MOSFET (MuGFET) for Low Power Applications (2007)

MuGFET structure improves local transistor mismatch compared to planar bulk MOSFET. This enables further SRAM cell size reduction. GIDL current is well controlled even with a mid-gap metal gate. MuGFETs have low subthreshold leakage if Lg/Wsi ratio is kept above 1.5. The advantage of MuGFET subthreshold leakage suppression is even more pronounced at higher temperatures. Furthermore MuGFETs are compatible with local strain techniques to improve carrier mobility. The aforementioned qualities, along with low manufacturing cost of single mid- bandgap metal gate, make MuGFET a good candidate to replace planar bulk MOSFET for Low-Power Applications.
Identification of microbial DNA in human cancer (2009)

DK-MICROBE can identify previously unknown infectious agents in human tumors, and is now available for further applications for the identification of pathogen DNA in human cancer and other diseases.
Effect of side chain length on film structure and electron mobility of core-unsubstituted pyromellitic diimides and enhanced mobility of the dibrominated core using the optimized side chain (2015)

Film structures and mobilities of pyromellitic diimides (PyDIs) were investigated; perfluorobutylmethyl chain on 3,6-dibromo PyDI showed exceptional packing and mobility.
Highly Tunable Electrothermally and Electrostatically Actuated Resonators (2016)

This paper demonstrates experimentally, theoretically, and numerically for the first time, a wide-range tunability of an in-plane clamped-clamped microbeam, bridge, and resonator actuated electrothermally and electrostatically. Using both actuation methods, we demonstrate that a single resonator can be operated at a wide range of frequencies. The microbeam is actuated electrothermally by passing a dc current through it, and electrostatically by applying a dc polarization voltage between the microbeam and the stationary electrode. We show that when increasing the electrothermal voltage, the compressive stress inside the microbeam increases, which leads eventually to its buckling. Before buckling, the fundamental frequency decreases until it drops to very low values, almost to zero. After buckling, the fundamental frequency increases, which is shown to be as high as twice the original resonance frequency. Adding a dc bias changes the qualitative nature of the tunability both before and after buckling, which adds another independent way of tuning. This reduces the dip before buckling, and can eliminate it if desired, and further increases the fundamental frequency after buckling. Analytical results based on the Galerkin discretization of the Euler Bernoulli beam theory are generated and compared with the experimental data and simulation results of a multi-physics finite-element model. A good agreement is found among all the results.
The Role of Biological Response Modifiers in Disease Control (1993)

Immune responses to infectious agents involve a complex set of interactions between cells and the factors they produce that culminate with disease resolution or death. Therefore, the manipulation of the immune system may have a great impact on the preservation and restoration of animal health. Biological response modifiers are agents that modify the host's response to pathogens with resultant beneficial prophylactic or therapeutic effects. The best known example of biological response modifiers are vaccines, by which administration of a nonpathogenic form of a microorganism prepares the immune system to produce a more effective response upon subsequent infection with the pathogenic form. Nevertheless, the use of biological response modifiers other than vaccines that enhance the immune response is now the focus of many investigations. In this review, a brief overview of the immune system is presented, and special emphasis is placed on possible areas of intervention with biological response modifiers and a description of the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of biological response modifiers. Specific examples are presented to demonstrate examples of disease modification by biological response modifiers through stimulation of nonspecific and antigen specific immunities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aza and Carbocyclic β‐Carbolines for the Treatment of Alcohol Abuse. Regiospecific Solution to the Problem of 3,6‐Disubstituted β‐ and Aza‐β‐carboline Specificity. (2016)

Abstract An improved method is elaborated for the synthesis of azacarbolines (IV) and carbolines (VII) by a Buchwald—Hartwig amination followed by an intramolecular Heck‐type cyclization.
ROLE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF GFRP BEAMS IN STRENGTHENING OF STEEL GIRDER BRIDGE WITH RC SLAB (2001)

In this paper, the feasibility and efficiency of using pultruded glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) H-shaped beams as reinforcements for increasing the flexural capacities of a steel girder bridge with deteriorated RC slabs is introduced. The effectiveness of the GFRP strengthening system was investigated by using finite element method. A test specimen, composed of 2 steel girders and RC slab, was prepared and loaded with 2 types of loadings (static and fatigue), and the cracked specimen was reinforced by pultruded GFRP H-shaped beams. The retrofitted specimen was examined under the aforementioned 2 kinds of loads. Test results for both the pre-cracking stage and the stage after strengthening with GFRP beams are presented, and conclusions based on the analytical and experimental studies are provided.
Catalyst‐Free Photochemical Activation of Peroxymonosulfate in Xanthene‐Rich Systems for Fenton‐Like Synergistic Decontamination: Efficacy of Proton Transfer Process (2023)

Abstract Catalyst‐free visible light assisted Fenton‐like catalysis offers opportunities to achieve the sustainable water decontamination, but the synergistic decontamination mechanisms are still unclear, especially the effect of proton transfer process (PTP). The conversion of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in photosensitive dye‐enriched system was detailed. The photo‐electron transfer between excited dye and PMS triggered the efficient activation of PMS and enhanced the production of reactive species. Photochemistry behavior analysis and DFT calculations revealed that PTP was the crucial factor to determine the decontamination performance, leading to the transformation of dye molecules. The excitation process inducing activation of whole system was composed of low energy excitations, and the electrons and holes were almost contributed by LUMO and HOMO. This work provided new ideas for the design of catalyst‐free sustainable system for efficient decontamination.
RELATIONSHIP OF ASEXUAL DEVELOPMENT TO AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION IN ASPERGILLUS PARASITICUS (1983)

The association between asexual development and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus is reviewed. Aflatoxin does not appear to be a product of asexual development. The ability to sporulate and to produce aflatoxin are not mutually exclusive of each other. The environment regulates the asexual development and aflatoxin production. The initial inoculum level will affect the competence time and the time of initiation of aflatoxin production. The time of initiation of aflatoxin production is independent of the initial composition of the medium, in contrast to the onset of sporulation which is dependent on the medium.
Figure S4 from <i>SLC43A3</i> Is a Biomarker of Sensitivity to the Telomeric DNA Damage Mediator 6-Thio-2′-Deoxyguanosine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data 4&lt;/p&gt;
Poster Abstract: Water in the Cloud: Remote Understanding of Water Chemistry (2017)

Water treatment is one of those essential elements of modern life that is taken for granted by the general population. In this poster, we describe the ability to remotely understand and improve water chemistry using controllers attached to the cloud.
Abstract T MP17: Electrically Preconditioned Neural Stem Cells Improve Stroke Recovery (2015)

Background: Neural stem cells (NSCs) improve functional recovery after stroke, but the optimal method and conditions for delivery remain elusive. Tissue engineered scaffolds offer a unique method to manipulate and improve NSC function. We have developed a novel NSC delivery system utilizing an electrically conductive polymer scaffold to improve recovery and further elucidate repair mechanisms. Methods: Human NSCs were seeded onto an electrically conductive polymer scaffold. Electrical fields were applied to the NSCs to electrically “precondition” the cells prior to transplantation. One day after in vitro stimulation, the polymer scaffold was implanted into a distal MCA occlusion rat model 1 week post stroke, and functional recovery was assessed weekly for 4 weeks post-transplantation using the vibrissae-paw test. Control groups included unstimulated NSCs on the polymer and polymer without cells. To assess how electrical stimulation altered the cells, we performed qPCR analysis of genes of interest in stimulated and unstimulated cells on the polymer, and on NSCs on a plastic petri dish. Results: AC preconditioned NSCs improved the rate of neurologic functional recovery compared to unstimulated NSCs on the polymer (p&lt;0.05) and significantly improved recovery compared to DC preconditioned cells and polymer alone (p&lt;0.01). Preliminary results demonstrate that VEGF-A, -B and thrombospondin (TSP) -3 gene expression were upregulated in AC preconditioned cells compared to other groups. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that electrically preconditioned NSCs enhance stroke recovery. Gene expression of the thrombospondins (a family of matricellular proteins thought to be involved with angiogenesis and inflammation) and VEGF (proteins critical to angiogenesis) were found to be modified by electrically stimulating NSCs, suggesting possible mechanisms for functional recovery.
Finding the Pitch of the Missing Fundamental in Infants (2009)

Pitch perception is critical for the perception of speech and music, for object identification, and for auditory scene analysis, whereby representations are derived for each sounding object in the environment from the complex sound wave that reaches the ears. The perceived pitch of a complex sound corresponds to its fundamental frequency. However, removal of energy at the fundamental does not alter the pitch because adults use the harmonics to derive the pitch (Bendor and Wang, 2005; Trainor, 2008). Although sound frequency is represented subcortically, the integration of harmonics into a representation of pitch does not occur until auditory cortex (Bendor and Wang, 2005). Given that auditory cortex is immature in young infants, we examined the development of cortical representations for pitch by measuring electrophysiological (EEG) responses to pitch changes that required processing the pitch of the missing fundamental. Adults and infants 4 months and older showed a mismatch negativity response to these pitch changes, but 3-month-old infants did not. Thus, cortical representations of the pitch of the missing fundamental emerge between 3 and 4 months of age, indicating that there is a profound change in auditory perception for pitch in early infancy.
Molekulare Marker für die Vorhersage der Prognose und des Ansprechens einer Chemotherapie beim Pankreaskarzinom (2010)

Einleitung: Die Prognose des duktalen Pankreaskarzinoms (PaCa) bleibt schlecht. Die Standardtherapie stellt die potentiell kurative Resektion mit einer adjuvanten Chemotherapie dar. Eine zuverlässige Vorhersage des Überlebens wie auch des Ansprechens auf eine adjuvante Therapie könnte helfen, eine individualisierte Therapie zu entwickeln.
Comprehensive assembly of novel transcripts from unmapped human RNA‐Seq data and their association with cancer (2015)

Crucial parts of the genome including genes encoding microRNAs and noncoding RNAs went unnoticed for years, and even now, despite extensive annotation and assembly of the human genome, RNA-sequencing continues to yield millions of unmappable and thus uncharacterized reads. Here, we examined > 300 billion reads from 536 normal donors and 1,873 patients encompassing 21 cancer types, identified ~300 million such uncharacterized reads, and using a distinctive approach de novo assembled 2,550 novel human transcripts, which mainly represent long noncoding RNAs. Of these, 230 exhibited relatively specific expression or non-expression in certain cancer types, making them potential markers for those cancers, whereas 183 exhibited tissue specificity. Moreover, we used lentiviral-mediated expression of three selected transcripts that had higher expression in normal than in cancer patients and found that each inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells. Our analysis provides a comprehensive and unbiased resource of unmapped human transcripts and reveals their associations with specific cancers, providing potentially important new genes for therapeutic targeting.
Movement Decomposition in the Primary Motor Cortex (2018)

A complex action can be described as the composition of a set of elementary movements. While both kinematic and dynamic elements have been proposed to compose complex actions, the structure of movement decomposition and its neural representation remain unknown. Here, we examined movement decomposition by modeling the temporal dynamics of neural populations in the primary motor cortex of macaque monkeys performing forelimb reaching movements. Using a hidden Markov model, we found that global transitions in the neural population activity are associated with a consistent segmentation of the behavioral output into acceleration and deceleration epochs with directional selectivity. Single cells exhibited modulation of firing rates between the kinematic epochs, with abrupt changes in spiking activity timed with the identified transitions. These results reveal distinct encoding of acceleration and deceleration phases at the level of M1, and point to a specific pattern of movement decomposition that arises from the underlying neural activity. A similar approach can be used to probe the structure of movement decomposition in different brain regions, possibly controlling different temporal scales, to reveal the hierarchical structure of movement composition.
Expression of Allene Oxide Synthase Determines Defense Gene Activation in Tomato (2000)

Allene oxide synthase (AOS; hydroperoxide dehydratase; EC 4.2.1.92) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid from lipoxygenase-derived hydroperoxides of free fatty acids. Using the AOS cDNA from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), in which the role of jasmonic acid in wound-induced defense gene activation has been best described, we examined the kinetics of AOS induction in response to wounding and elicitors, in parallel with that of the wound-inducible PIN II (proteinase inhibitor II) gene. AOS was induced in leaves by wounding, systemin, 12-oxophytodienoic acid, and methyl jasmonate. The levels of AOS mRNA started declining by 4 h after induction, whereas the levels of PIN II mRNA continued to increase up to 20 h after induction. Salicylic acid inhibited AOS and PIN II expression, and the addition of 12-oxophytodienoic acid or methyl jasmonate did not prevent the inhibition of PIN II expression in the presence of salicylic acid. Ethylene induced the expression of AOS, but the presence of ethylene alone did not produce an optimal induction of PIN II. The addition of silver thiosulfate, an ethylene action inhibitor, prevented the wound-induced expression of both AOS and PIN II. Products of hydroperoxide lyase affected neither AOS nor PIN II, but induced expression of prosystemin. Based on these results, we propose an updated model for defense gene activation in tomato.
Design, 2D/3D FE analysis and prototype of a dual three-phase integer slot PM synchronous motor (2015)

During the last decades, multiphase PM motors are the main interest for researchers, especially for high power applications. This offers some advantageous on the drive side such as decreasing the static switch current stress levels [1] and working with the healthy driver in the event of a fault with the one of inverters [5]. In this paper, two different winding sets are used by displacing with phase difference of 30 electrical degrees for a multi-phase PM motor. This winding approach provides to supply the motor with two different converters by applying the currents out of phase of 30 electrical degrees to the stator windings. There are several studies in the literature covering this method [2-7].
Charge injection and transport in high voltage water/glycol capacitors (1983)

A water/ethylene glycol mixture to be operated at temperatures below 0 °C is being investigated for use as the high permittivity, low loss dielectric in pulse forming lines for pulsed power applications. High voltage open circuit decay curves show a dielectric relaxation time that decreases with initial voltage at room temperature, while at −10 °C, the open circuit decay has a negative second derivative with time in contrast to the expected exponential decay which always has a positive second derivative. It is hypothesized that this anomalous behavior is due to space-charge injection which increases the ohmic conductivity σ to σ+q μ, where q is the time and space dependent net charge density with mobility μ. A drift dominated conduction model is used to solve for the electric field and charge density distributions and the terminal voltage-current behavior of a lossy capacitor where one electrode injects charge proportional to the instantaneous local electric field. The specific case studied is of a parallel plate capacitor rapidly charged to an initial voltage and quickly open circuited. The calculated open circuit voltage decay curves show good agreement with measurements and yield experimental values for the charge injection parameter and the high field mobility of the injected charge. The value of mobility for the best fit of experimental data to the theory agrees with the value for the hydronium ion. Preliminary Kerr electro-optic field mapping measurements in highly purified water without glycol, confirm positive charge injection.
Fat-suppressed t2* sequences for routine 3.0-tesla lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging: a preliminary report (2008)

The addition of T2FFE-SPIR to routine, noncontrast protocols in outpatients could provide further confidence in the visualization of the ligamentum flavum in degenerative disease, and can exclude malignancy in T2-bright areas of focal fatty marrow. Larger studies would be helpful to evaluate the accuracy of this technique versus FSE techniques in depicting degenerative, malignant, or inflammatory disorders.