gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Experimental Study on the Effect of Anterior Retinal Cryopexy on the Absorption of the Vitreous Hemorrhage (1991)

To evaluate the effects of the anterior retinal cryopexy on the absorption of the vitreous hemorrhage. vitreous hemorrhage was induced in 27 rabbit eyes. 0.1ml of autologous venous blood was injected into the vitreous through the sclera 3mm posterior to the corneoscleral limbus with 26 gauze needle. Anterior retinal cryopexy was applied on the sclera anterior to the equator(15 eyes). The treatment consisted of 24 cryopexy applications, applied 360° transconjunctivally between the ora serrata and equator. Cryopexy was not applied in the control eyes(12 eyes).The Results were as follows :1) Vitreous hemorrhage was completely absorbed in 2/12 eyes in the control group. and 8/13 eyes in the treated group during the observation period.2) There was no statistically significant difference in the period that the vitreous was cleared to Grade I opacity beteween the control and treated groups.3) Cataract was developed in the 2 eyes of treated group 5 weeks after anterior retinal cryopexy.
BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute for UDP (2015)

This document specifies a new Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Tunnel
Type of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) tunnels.
A Low-Complexity Alamouti Space-Time Transmission Scheme for Asynchronous Cooperative Systems (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel low-complexity Alamouti coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme for asynchronous cooperative communications. Exploiting the combination of OFDM symbols at the source node and simple operations including sign change and complex product at the relay node, the proposed scheme can achieve cooperative diversity gain without use of time-reversion and shifting operations that the conventional scheme proposed by Li and Xia needs. In addition, by using the cyclic prefix (CP) removal and insertion operations at the relay node, the proposed scheme does not suffer from a considerable degradation of bit-error-rate (BER) performance even though perfect timing synchronization is not achieved at the relay node. From the simulation results, it is demonstrated that the BER performance of the proposed scheme is much superior to that of the conventional scheme in the presence of timing synchronization error at the relay node. It is also shown that the proposed scheme obtains two times higher diversity gain compared with the conventional scheme at the cost of half reduction in transmission efficiency.
Modulating Antibody–Drug Conjugate Payload Metabolism by Conjugation Site and Linker Modification (2018)

Previous investigations on antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) stability have focused on drug release by linker-deconjugation due to the relatively stable payloads such as maytansines. Recent development of ADCs has been focused on exploring technologies to produce homogeneous ADCs and new classes of payloads to expand the mechanisms of action of the delivered drugs. Certain new ADC payloads could undergo metabolism in circulation while attached to antibodies and thus affect ADC stability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy and toxicity profiles. Herein, we investigate payload stability specifically and seek general guidelines to address payload metabolism and therefore increase the overall ADC stability. Investigation was performed on various payloads with different functionalities (e.g., PNU-159682 analog, tubulysin, cryptophycin, and taxoid) using different conjugation sites (HC-A118C, LC-K149C, and HC-A140C) on THIOMAB antibodies. We were able to reduce metabolism and inactivation of a broad range of payloads of THIOMAB antibody-drug conjugates by employing optimal conjugation sites (LC-K149C and HC-A140C). Additionally, further payload stability was achieved by optimizing the linkers. Coupling relatively stable sites with optimized linkers provided optimal stability and reduction of payloads metabolism in circulation in vivo.
Time reversal interactive objects (2004)

Time reversal has shown to be a fruitful concept in nondestructive testing in underwater acoustic or in ultrasonic imaging. In this paper this technique is adapted in the audible range to transform every day objects into tactile sensitive interfaces. A quick historical background is presented in the ultrasonic field and specially in chaotic cavity. In all time reversal experiments, it is demonstrated that a wave field spatially and temporally recorded is able to back propagate to its source. In other words, the field contains all the information on the location of the source. In the interactive experiments, it is shown that touching an object like a window, a table or a world globe generates an acoustic field easily detectable with one or two acoustic sensors. Using the concept of time reversal, the source location is deduced in real time. Then, touching objects at specific locations (virtual switches) is used to activate devices. Such devices are for example lights, stereo volume, or computer software. From a technical point of view, all these interactive experiments just use some computation easily performed with a standard personnel computer.
Automatic focus control system for scanning electron microscope (Model S-570) (1983)

We have developed an automatic focus control and astigmatism correction system for electron microscopes. Fig. 1 shows the Model S-570 SEM. In the scanning electron microscope focusing operation at high magnifications (several thousand times or higher) requires a great deal of skill and experience. The Automatic Focus Control System enables this difficult operation to be done automatically. Fig. 2 shows the principle of the detecting system of focus. The electron beam is converged on a specimen by an objective lens and the signal emitted from the specimen is detected by a detector as an imaging signal. Waveform of the imaging signal is sharp at optimum focus conditions and consequently its differential signal shows a large peak height. On the other hand, when the focus condition is not optimum, the imaging signal is smooth and the differential signal shows small peak height. The Automatic Focus Control is a system in which focus condition is regulated automatically so that peak height of the differential signal becomes maximum.
Interpreting multi-objective reinforcement learning for routing and wavelength assignment in optical networks (2023)

Performance optimization literature in optical networks predominantly consists of single objective optimization studies while often in practice multiple performance goals are to be met. This study addresses this issue with a generalized reinforcement learning (RL) model for parameter optimization in optical networks in the presence of multiple performance goals. Using this generic model, two multi-objective variants of a classical optimization problem in optical network operation, routing and wavelength assignment (RWA), are derived and solved to near optimality. The allocated route and wavelength for each demand are optimized with respect to the number of accepted services, the number of transmitters, and network availability. The resultant approximated Pareto front provides a set of solutions from which network operators can make decisions based on their preferences for particular objectives. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationships between different network parameters and performance metrics, which would be beneficial in future network design and growth. Moreover, benchmarking results against the state-of-the-art RWA heuristics suggest the applicability of RL in dynamic settings under changing traffic and generalizability for unseen traffic.
EVOLUTION OF RNA VIRUSES (1980)

These arguments lead to the suggestion that four independent evolutionary lines exist within the general group of RNA viruses. These are positive strand viruses, negative strand viruses, double stranded viruses, and retroviruses. Three of the viral systems may well have shared genes but the double-stranded RNA viruses appear to represent a very different evolutionary line.
Effect of Latent Errors on the Reliability of Data Storage Systems (2013)

The reliability of data storage systems is adversely affected by the presence of latent sector errors. As the number of occurrences of such errors increases with the storage capacity, latent sector errors have become more prevalent in today's high capacity storage devices. Such errors are typically not detected until an attempt is made to read the affected sectors. When a latent sector error is detected, the redundant data corresponding to the affected sector is used to recover its data. However, if no such redundant data is available, then the data of the affected sector is irrecoverably lost from the storage system. Therefore, the reliability of data storage systems is affected by both the complete failure of storage nodes and the latent sector errors within them. In this article, closed-form expressions for the mean time to data loss (MTTDL) of erasure coded storage systems in the presence of latent errors are derived. The effect of latent errors on systems with various types of redundancy, data placement, and sector error probabilities is studied. For small latent sector error probabilities, it is shown that the MTTDL is reduced by a factor that is independent of the number of parities in the data redundancy scheme as well as the number of nodes in the system. However, for large latent sector error probabilities, the MTTDL is similar to that of a system using a data redundancy scheme with one parity less. The reduction of the MTTDL in the latter case is more pronounced than in the former one.
Creation of a versatile automated two-step purification system with increased throughput capacity for preclinical mAb material generation (2023)

The ever-increasing speed of biotherapeutic drug discovery has driven the development of automated and high throughput purification capabilities. Typically, purification systems require complex flow paths or third-party components that are not found on a standard fast protein liquid chromatography instrument (FPLC) (e.g., Cytiva's ÄKTA) to enable higher throughput. In early mAb discovery there is often a trade-off between throughput and scale where a high-throughput process requires miniaturized workflows necessitating a sacrifice in the amount of material generated. At the interface of discovery and development, flexible automated systems are required that can perform purifications in a high-throughput manner, while also generating sufficient quantities of preclinical material for biophysical, developability, and preclinical animal studies. In this study we highlight the engineering efforts to generate a highly versatile purification system capable of balancing the purification requirements between throughput, chromatographic versatility, and overall product yields. We incorporated a 150 mL Superloop into an ÄKTA FPLC system to expand our existing purification capabilities. This allowed us to perform a range of automated two-step tandem purifications including primary affinity captures (protein A (ProA)/immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC)/antibody fragment (Fab)) followed by secondary polishing with either size exclusion (SEC) or cation exchange (CEX) chromatography. We also integrated a 96 deep-well plate fraction collector into the ÄKTA FPLC system with purified protein fractions being analyzed by a plate based high performance liquid chromatography instrument (HPLC). This streamlined automated purification workflow allowed us to process up to 14 samples within 24 h, enabling purification of ∼1100 proteins, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and mAb related protein scaffolds during a 12-month period. We purified a broad range of cell culture supernatant volumes, between 0.1 and 2 L, with final purification yields up to 2 g. The implementation of this new automated, streamlined protein purification process greatly expanded our sample throughput and purification versatility while also enabling the accelerated production of greater quantities of biotherapeutic candidates for preclinical in vivo animal studies and developability assessment.
Uteroplacental atherosis: The atherosclerosis of the placenta. (2020)

Background and Objective Fetal growth during pregnancy is directly related to the transformation of spiral arteries of the placental bed into uteroplacental arteries (physiologic conduits containing endothelial cells and trophoblastic cells embedded in fibrinoid deposits that replace the smooth muscle cell layer). Failure of physiologic transformation of the spiral arteries leads to development of uteroplacental atherosis (UA), a lesion similar to native atherosclerosis ( native atherosis ). Our objective was to evaluate UA cell composition, variations in cell composition among obstetrical syndromes, and evidence of activation and inflammation in the lesions. Methods Basal plate samples (5.6 ± 0.9/placenta) from placentas with (n=134) and without (n=134) UA were studied histo and immunohistochemically for different cell types. Statistical comparisons for UA and no UA groups were performed with Fisher’s exact, Kruskal‐Wallis, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA); and a Bonferroni‐adjusted level of significance of &lt;0.025 was used. Results All 134 placentas with UA had failure of spiral artery physiologic transformation (total and/or partial); 125 (93.3%) being from complicated pregnancies, and 9 (6.7%) from normal pregnancies. UA was found in small for gestational age (n=31), preeclampsia (n=73), preterm labor (n=8), preterm pre‐labor rupture of membranes (n=9), fetal death (n=4) and adequate for gestational age (n=9) placentas. UA had 52.4% smooth muscle cells, 29.4% foam cells, 30.6% oil red O‐positive cells, 16.2% endothelial cells and 0% intra‐arterial trophoblast cells; failure of physiologic transformation had 82.2% smooth muscle cells, 17.0% endothelial cells, 0% foam cells, 0% oil red O‐positive cells and 0% intra‐arterial trophoblast cells; physiologic transformation had 81.0% intra‐arterial trophoblast cells, 17.6% endothelial cells, 0% foam cells, 0% oil red O‐positive cells and only 0.4% smooth muscle cells. UA lesions were 100% fibrin‐positive and had 31.5% CD68‐ and 30.8% CD36‐positive macrophages within the fibrin matrix; while arteries with failure of physiologic transformation and with physiologic transformation had no fibrin and less than 1% CD68‐ and CD36‐positive macrophages. UA had 48.0–48.9% ICAM‐1‐, HLA‐DR‐ and NFκB‐positive cells (endothelium and macrophages), 17.4% being CRP‐reactive (predominantly proinflammatory tissue‐associated monomeric CRP); failure of physiologic transformation had 13.4–13.8% ICAM‐1‐ and HLA‐DR‐positive cells (endothelium), 7.6% of them were NFκB‐positive but none CRP‐reactive; no activation and inflammation markers were found in physiologic transformation . Conclusions We conclude that UA cell composition is the same in all obstetrical syndromes and in normal pregnancies; and UA lesions have cell activation and inflammation and oil red O‐positive CD68‐reactive macrophages containing the scavenger receptor CD36 , sharing similar characteristics with native atherosclerosis.
Thermomechanical Properties of Polymers (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Characteristics Glass Transition Melting of Semicrystalline Polymers Crystallization of Crystallizable Polymers Literature
Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma (2020)

SummaryThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has analyzed mRNA expression, miRNA expression, promoter methylation, and DNA copy number in 489 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinomas (HGS-OvCa) and the DNA sequences of exons from coding genes in 316 of these tumors. These results show that HGS-OvCa is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumors (96%); low prevalence but statistically recurrent somatic mutations in 9 additional genes including NF1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1, and CDK12; 113 significant focal DNA copy number aberrations; and promoter methylation events involving 168 genes. Analyses delineated four ovarian cancer transcriptional subtypes, three miRNA subtypes, four promoter methylation subtypes, a transcriptional signature associated with survival duration and shed new light on the impact on survival of tumors with BRCA1/2 and CCNE1 aberrations. Pathway analyses suggested that homologous recombination is defective in about half of tumors, and that Notch and FOXM1 signaling are involved in serous ovarian cancer pathophysiology.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIVIRAL EVALUATION OF C-4-HYDRAZIDE DERIVATIVES OF 2′,3′-DIDEOXYCYTIDINE (2001)

Syntheses of three hitherto unknown derivatives of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine, namely C-4-(salicylic hydrazide)-ddC, C-4-(N-butyloxycarbonyl-isoleucine hydrazide)-ddC and its N-unprotected chlorhydrate salt have been carried out. These compounds do not induce inhibition of HIV-1 replication in cell culture experiments. Nevertheless, the modifications on the base moiety increased in all cases the lipophilicity of the parent molecule with an acceptable water solubility compared to ddC.
Western Diet Increases Penile in vivo Reactive Oxygen Species: Investigation of Antioxidant Defense (2015)

Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has consistently been described as a cause of erectile dysfunction (ED), though assessments are often made by indirect byproducts in excised tissue. Under conditions of elevated ROS, many tissues will upregulate the antioxidant defense system as a protective mechanism, though this mechanism is understudied in the penis. The objective of this study was to utilize a novel technique to measure in vivo ROS in the penis of rats, and to investigate the expression of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory genes following 12 weeks of a control diet (CD) or WD. Following dietary intervention (n = 6 CD; n = 6 WD), a microdialysis probe was inserted into the penis of rats under anesthesia. To measure ROS, probes were perfused with saline containing Amplex Ultrared, horseradish peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and fluorescence measured at the outlet. Penile hydrogen peroxide (1.31 vs. 1.96; p = 0.014) and superoxide (1.86 vs. 2.39; p = 0.029) were elevated in response to the WD. The NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox was increased in WD penes (0.36 vs. 0.51; p = 0.038), while a trend of increased p67phox (0.45 vs. 0.63; p = 0.079) was observed in WD. Of the 11 antioxidant genes investigated, only SOD1 was upregulated in WD (0.98 vs. 1.17; p = 0.03), although expression of the anti‐inflammatory gene heme‐oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) was decreased in WD penes (1.74 vs. 0.96; p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, NADPH oxidase is a probable source of excessive ROS in WD induced ED, while a modest antioxidant defense response may contribute to redox imbalance in the penis. Downregulation of HO‐1 following WD may exacerbate ED through promotion of inflammation. Supported by a fellowship grant from the Sexual Medicine Society of North America.
Optical Network Technologies and Architectures for Backhaul/Fronthaul of Future Radio Access supporting Big Mobile Data (2014)

As a new scheme of dense cells deployment in future cellular network, “Phantom cell concept” has been proposed that overlays multiple cell layers. In this tutorial, future radio access/mobile optical network (FRAMON) that realizes the concept and its requirements and challenging issues are explained. Article not available.
Inhibition of Plasmin Protects Against Colitis in Mice by Suppressing Matrix Metalloproteinase 9–Mediated Cytokine Release From Myeloid Cells (2014)

順天堂大学
Sound absorption analysis of thermally bonded high-loft nonwovens (2015)

Sound absorption characteristics of specially designed high-loft nonwovens with minimum thickness were reported in this study. Three different polypropylene and polyester fiber-based high-loft, air-laid, and thermally bonded nonwovens varying in basis weight were produced. Heavier high-loft nonwoven samples at various thicknesses were formed using a specially designed mold. The sound absorption coefficients of samples with mass per unit areas ranging from 350 to 1575 g/m 2 and with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 45 mm were measured. Acoustical absorptive behavior of the high-loft nonwovens was explained by analyzing the displacements of small air control volumes in a high-loft nonwoven and the air velocities in the impedance tube. Results indicate that the velocity and the total displacement of the small air volumes inside the fiber network have a major effect on sound absorption. High-loft nonwovens can be much more effective in terms of sound absorption if they are produced at the thickness at which average maximum velocity of the air is calculated highest. If there is a desire to absorb more acoustic energy, heavier nonwovens can be produced. It is suggested that relatively heavy nonwovens (from 700 to 1575 g/m 2 ) can be produced thinner (5–10 mm) than the calculated thickness value based on the average maximum air velocity to get maximum sound absorption at lower thickness.
Multiport calibration for microwave tomography systems (2016)

A method for the calibration of an ultra-wideband microwave tomography system is presented. The objective for this measurement system is to calculate the spatial distribution of the dielectric parameters and thereby different materials. Scattering parameters are used to describe the setup and are given to the reconstruction algorithm for evaluation. The measured wave parameters of this system are influenced by the measurement instrument as well as by the setup itself. In addition, it is also necessary for the reconstruction to obtain the scattering parameters at a well defined reference plane. Both requirements can be achieved by the help of a multiport error correction algorithm used for the calibration of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). In a first step, an error model for the tomographic system is presented. Secondly, this paper provides a concept for calibration standards which can be used for this application. Since a tomographic system do not offer the possibility for the use of classic reflection standards or a change in the mechanical length of the transmission other calibration standards have to be found. The idea of a homogeneous filling of the tomograph is presented. With the help of a simulation model the requirements for the system as well as the accuracy of the results are analyzed. In addition, measurement results are shown to validate the proposed approach.
Universal Crossover Behavior of a Magnetic Impurity and Consequences for Doping in Spin-1/2Chains (1998)

We consider a magnetic impurity in the antiferromagnetic spin- $1/2$ chain which is equivalent to the two-channel Kondo problem in terms of the field theoretical description. Using a modification of the transfer-matrix density matrix renormalization group we are able to determine the crossover function for the impurity susceptibility over a large temperature range, which exhibits universal data collapse. We also calculate the local susceptibilities near the impurity, which show an interesting competition of boundary effects. This results in quantitative predictions for experiments on doped spin- $1/2$ chains, which could observe two-channel Kondo physics directly.