gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of TSV Reveal Process Using Very Fine Si/Cu Grinding and Metal Contamination Removal (2015)

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs) using through silicon via (TSV) have been developed as an emerging technology that can lead to significant progress (1–4). Among various TSV processes, the via-middle process has potential for wide spread use because formation of small-sized TSVs is relatively easy in the via-middle process. However, TSV reveal process must be performed for electrical contact in the via-middle process. This TSV reveal process is important because it can influence the metal contamination and stacking yield of 3D-ICs. Conventionally, TSV reveal is performed by Si grinding and Si dry etching (5). A disadvantage of that method is the resultant TSV depth deviation, which can cause bonding failure during wafer/chip stacking. In (6), TSV leveling was performed by introducing a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) step after deposition of the backside insulator. However, the revealed TSVs break during CMP step if they exceed a certain height. To overcome these problems, we developed a novel TSV reveal process comprising direct Si/Cu grinding and metal contamination removal (7,8). First, simultaneous grinding of Cu and Si was performed using a novel vitrified grinding wheel. In situ cleaning with a high-pressure micro jet and the inelastic porous structure of the grinding wheel suppressed the adhesion of Cu contaminants to the Si, and TSVs were leveled and exposed. Next, an electroless Ni-B film was deposited on the Cu surface of the TSVs. The Si was etched with an alkaline solution, whereas the Cu was protected by the Ni-B film. An insulator was deposited, and then the insulator on the top surface of the TSV was removed. We achieved the backside reveal of TSVs without TSV depth deviation and suppressed Cu contamination to less than 1e11 atoms/cm2. However, after direct Si/Cu grinding with an 8000 grit grinding wheel, the average surface roughness of Si was 5–10 nm, which is larger than that after chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). In this paper, we developed vitrified grinding wheels with very high grit numbers (#30,000 and #45,000) and present an improved version of our TSV reveal process. The average surface roughness of Si after Si/Cu grinding was approximately 3 nm for the 30,000 grit grinding wheel and 1 nm for the 45,000 grit grinding wheel. This value is equivalent to that after CMP. The improved process produced a uniform reveal of 4-um-diameter TSVs without TSV depth deviation and Cu contamination. The Cu contaminant concentration on Si region between TSVs was small (&amp;lt;3e10 atoms/cm2). This process will reduce the cost of the TSV reveal process and considerably improve the TSV yield.
The role of the implant housing in obtaining aesthetics: generation of peri-implant gingivae and papillae--Part 1. (2003)

The use of osseointegrated implants provides predictable, long-term aesthetics, providing that the implant housing and peri-implant gingivae are adequately maintained. Restoration-driven implant placement must, therefore, result in the development of harmonious peri-implant soft tissue contour as compared to the adjacent natural teeth. This article analyzes the implant housing features that influence aesthetics in implant therapy. Case presentations that include surgical and restorative innovations are described to illustrate methods used to achieve aesthetics with single-tooth implant restorations.
Role of genetic testing in young patients with idiopathic atrioventricular conduction disease (2022)

Idiopathic AVB in adults younger than 50 years is a very rare condition with an incidence of 0.7 per 100 000 persons/year. Systematic investigations, including genetic testing and ajmaline challenge, can lead to the achievement of a specific diagnosis in up to 20% of patients. Heterozygous missense variant c.2531G > A p.(Gly844Asp) in TRPM4 gene was found in an additional 20% of unrelated patients, suggesting possible association of the variant with the disease.
Supplementary Figure 5 from <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i> Status Is Not Prognostic Following Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: Implications for Fusion Status and DSB Repair (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 5 - PDF file 61K, Univariate Kaplan-Meier plots of biochemical relapse-free survival in a subgroup of patients treated without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the (A) aCGH- and (B) IHC-cohorts&lt;/p&gt;
Homopolymerization and Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide with Carbon Dioxide Using Zinc and Aluminum Catalysts (1999)

Homopolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide using zinc and aluminum catalysts having the same type of substitution were studied. The aluminum derivatives are more active, in both homopolymerization and copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide. From 27Al NMR spectra it was observed that aluminum catalysts consist of both penta- and hexacoordinated species but after reaction with monomer predominantly become pentacoordinated. During initiation the equilibrium between five and six hypercoordinated species is shifted toward lower coordination. The nature of the catalysts and their symmetry influence the yield in the copolymerization of CHO and CO2 and the amount of carbon dioxide inserted. The yield obtained with aluminum derivatives during the copolymerization of CHO and CO2 ranged between 41.2 and 93.6% (149.85−340.4 g of polymer/g of metal).
Supplementary Table 2 from <i>JAK3</i> Variant, Immune Signatures, DNA Methylation, and Social Determinants Linked to Survival Racial Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mutational profile in Black HNSCC patients by anatomic site&lt;/p&gt;
Measurement with the ATLAS detector of multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV (2013)

In order to study further the long-range correlations ("ridge") observed recently in p + Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV, the second-order azimuthal anisotropy parameter of charged particles, v 2 , has
Performance and Emission Measurement of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel Fuel Blends (2021)

Abstract A high concentration of palm oil biodiesel fuel blend is a strong candidate to substitute conventional diesel fuel (B10) due to its prospect to release fewer emissions. This paper shall present findings when testing palm oil biodiesel fuel blends (B10, B20, and B30) at medium speed (2500 rpm) in a single-cylinder Yanmar L70N diesel engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. In this study, a timed burette and an airbox determined the engine’s fuel and air consumption, respectively. In contrast, a flue gas analyzer measured the emission released by the fuel blend. The result indicates that as the concentration of palm oil biodiesel increases in the blends (from B10 to B30), there is no significant difference (average less than 5%) between the fuel blends in terms of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and air-fuel ratio. On the other hand, the emission results showed a reduction in CO, CO 2 , and NO x when the concentration of palm oil biodiesel increases in the blends. Considering the fuel blend would have no significant difference in the engine performance and its ability to reduce most emission, it is safe to conclude that B30 would be a good alternative for current diesel fuel (B10).
Type 1 Interferons and the Virus-Host Relationship: A Lesson in Detente (2006)

The interface between an infectious agent and its host represents the ultimate battleground for survival: The microbe must secure a niche for replication, whereas the host must limit the pathogen's advance. Among the host's arsenal of antimicrobial factors, the type 1 interferons (IFNs) induce potent defense mechanisms against viruses and are key in the host-virus standoff. Viruses have evolved multiple tricks to avoid the immediate antiviral effects of IFNs and, in turn, hosts have adapted use of this innate cytokine system to galvanize multiple additional layers of immune defense. The plasticity that exists in these interactions provides us with a lesson in détente.
A deep learning-based smartphone app for real-time detection of five stages of diabetic retinopathy (2020)

This paper presents the real-time implementation of deep neural networks on smartphone platforms to detect and classify diabetic retinopathy from eye fundus images. This implementation is an extension of a previously reported implementation by considering all the five stages of diabetic retinopathy. Two deep neural networks are first trained, one for detecting four stages and the other to further classify the last stage into two more stages, based on the EyePACS and APTOS datasets fundus images and by using transfer learning. Then, it is shown how these trained networks are turned into a smartphone app, both Android and iOS versions, to process images captured by smartphone cameras in real-time. The app is designed in such a way that fundus images can be captured and processed in real-time by smartphones together with lens attachments that are commercially available. The developed real-time smartphone app provides a costeffective and widely accessible approach for conducting first-pass diabetic retinopathy eye exams in remote clinics or areas with limited access to fundus cameras and ophthalmologists.
Invasive and Noninvasive Progression After Resection of Noninvasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (2020)

Progression to invasive carcinoma can occur years after the surgical resection of a noninvasive IPMN. HGD in the original resection is a risk factor for invasive progression but some cases of low-grade dysplasia also progressed to cancer. Patients with high-risk features such as HGD and multifocal cysts should be considered for more intensive surveillance and represent an important cohort for future trials such as anti-inflammatory or prophylactic immunotherapy.
Hydrocarbon Effect on a Fe-zeolite Urea-SCR Catalyst: An Experimental and Modeling Study (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Synergies between various catalytic converters such as SCR and DPF are vital to the success of an integrated aftertreatment system for simultaneous NO&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; and particulate matter control in diesel engines. Several issues such as hydrocarbon poisoning, thermal aging and other coupled aftertreatment dynamics need to be addressed to develop an effective emission control system. This work is significant especially in an integrated DPF-SCR aftertreatment scenario where the SCR catalyst on the filter substrate is exposed to un-burnt diesel hydrocarbons during active regeneration of the particulate filter. This paper reports an experimental and modeling study to understand the effect of hydrocarbons on a Fe-zeolite urea-SCR catalyst. Several bench-reactor tests to understand the inhibition of NO oxidation, to characterize hydrocarbon storage and to investigate the impact of hydrocarbons on SCR reactions were conducted. Toluene was chosen as a representative hydrocarbon in diesel exhaust and various tests using toluene reveal its inhibition of NO oxidation at low temperatures and its oxidation to CO and CO₂ at high temperatures. Surface isotherm tests were conducted to characterize the adsorption-desorption equilibrium of toluene through Langmuir isotherms. Using the rate parameters, a toluene storage model was developed and validated in simulation. With toluene in the stream, controlled SCR tests were run on the reactor and performance metrics such as NO&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; conversion and NH₃ slip were compared to a set of previously run tests with no toluene in the stream. Tests indicate a significant effect of toluene on NO&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; and NH₃ conversion efficiencies even at temperatures greater than 300°C. A kinetic model to address the toluene inhibition during NO oxidation reaction was developed and is reported in the paper.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Chimie des matériaux hybrides (2019)

Enseignement Cours – Carbones et matériaux carbonés : du design aux applications Cours 1 – Histoire « du carbone aux carbones » Au cours de cette leçon d’introduction, nous avons tout d’abord analysé et décrit dans un contexte très général l’histoire de l’élément carbone et des matériaux carbonés. L’élément carbone découvert par Antoine Lavoisier en 1772 est principalement produit par nucléosynthèse dans les étoiles géantes rouges par fusion de trois noyaux d’hélium. Il est le quatrième éléme...
TABLE 3 from Optimizing Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer Brain Metastases with Functional Drug Response Assessment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Molecular targeted drugs with very high DSS&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; values&lt;/p&gt;
Data from Pyrvinium Targets CD133 in Human Glioblastoma Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Clonal evolution of cancer may be regulated by determinants of stemness, specifically self-renewal, and current therapies have not considered how genetic perturbations or properties of stemness affect such functional processes. Glioblastoma-initiating cells (GICs), identified by expression of the cell surface marker CD133, are shown to be chemoradioresistant. In the current study, we sought to elucidate the functional role of CD133 in self-renewal and identify compounds that can specifically target this CD133&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; treatment-refractory population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Using gain/loss-of-function studies for &lt;i&gt;CD133&lt;/i&gt; we assessed the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; self-renewal and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; tumor formation capabilities of patient-derived glioblastoma cells. We generated a CD133 signature combined with an &lt;i&gt;in silico&lt;/i&gt; screen to find compounds that target GICs. Self-renewal and proliferation assays on CD133-sorted samples were performed to identify the preferential action of hit compounds. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; efficacy of the lead compound pyrvinium was assessed in intracranial GIC xenografts and survival studies. Lastly, microarray analysis was performed on pyrvinium-treated GICs to discover core signaling events involved.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We discovered pyrvinium, a small-molecule inhibitor of GIC self-renewal &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, in part through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and other essential stem cell regulatory pathways. We provide a therapeutically tractable strategy to target self-renewing, chemoradioresistant, and functionally important CD133&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; stem cells that drive glioblastoma relapse and mortality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our study provides an integrated approach for the eradication of clonal populations responsible for cancer progression, and may apply to other aggressive and heterogeneous cancers. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(23); 5324–37. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Introduction (1995)

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NorBERT: NetwOrk Representations through BERT for Network Analysis and Management (2022)

Deep neural network models have been very successfully applied to Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Image based tasks. Their application to network analysis and management tasks is just recently being pursued. Our interest is in producing deep models that can be effectively generalized to perform well on multiple network tasks in different environments. A major challenge is that traditional deep models often rely on categorical features, but cannot handle unseen categorical values. One method for dealing with such problems is to learn contextual embeddings for categorical variables used by deep networks to improve their performance. In this paper, we adapt the NLP pre-training technique and associated deep model BERT to learn semantically meaningful numerical representations (embeddings) for Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) used in communication networks. We show through a series of experiments that such an approach can be used to generate models that maintain their effectiveness when applied to environments other than the one in which they were trained.
Defective Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants Despite Full Vaccination in Hematologic Malignancies (2023)

In patients with multiple myeloma, completion of mRNA-based vaccination schemes failed to yield detectable SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing antibodies and S1-RBD-specific CD8+ T cells in approximately 60% and 80% of the cases, respectively. Patients who develop breakthrough infections exhibited very low levels of live-virus neutralizing antibodies and the absence of follicular T helper cells. See related article by Azeem et al., p. 106 (9). See related article by Chang et al., p. 1684 (10).
Gene Therapy with Transcription Factor Decoy Oligonucleotides as a Potential Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases (2003)

Cardiovascular diseases including renal diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Most conventional therapy is inefficient and tends to treat the symptoms rather than the underlying causes of the disorder. Gene therapy based on oligonucleotides (ODN) offers a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Gene transfer into somatic cells to interfere with the pathogenesis contributing to cardiovascular disease may provide such a novel approach for better prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The major development of gene transfer has importantly contributed to intense investigation of the potential of gene therapy in cardiovascular including renal medicine. The amazing advances in molecular biology have provided a dramatic improvement of the technology that is necessary to transfer target genes into somatic cells. Gene transfer methods have been surprisingly improved. In fact, some of them (retroviral vectors, adenoviral vectors or liposome based vectors, etc) have been used in the clinical trials already. Recent progress in molecular biology has provided new techniques to inhibit target gene expression. Especially, application of DNA technology such as an antisense strategy to regulate the transcription of disease-related genes in vivo has important therapeutic potential. Recently, transfection of cis-clement double-stranded ODN (= decoy) has been reported as a new powerful tool in a new class of anti-gene strategies for gene therapy. Transfection of double-stranded ODN corresponding to the cis sequence will result in attenuation of the authentic cis-trans interaction, leading to removal of trans-factors from the endogenous cis-elements with subsequent modulation of gene expression.
Energetics of anionic surfactant-additive systems at the cloud point (2012)

The energetics of clouding in anionic surfactant (SDBS) and tetrabutylammonium bromide system in the presence of additives, such as ureas, amino acids and sugars is reported. The change of standard Gibbs energy of solubilization (ΔG o ) for all of the additives was found to be negative. The values of change of standard enthalpy (ΔH o ) and that of standard entropy (TΔS o ) values were found to depend on the type and chemistry of the additive. The results were explained on the basis including chemistry of additives, their effect on water structure, and solubilization of additives either in the micellar or in aqueous phases.
AEZS-131 - ein hochselektiver ERK-Inhibitor: Charakterisierung und präklinische Testung im tripelnegativen Mammakarzinom (TNBC) (2012)

Überexpression von ERK wurde in 34% der trripelnegativen Mammakarzinomen beschrieben und ist mit Anthtrazyklinresistenz assoziiert. AEZS-131 ist ein oral wirksamer, hochselektiver Inhbitor von ERK ½, der in in vivo Modellen des Kolonkarzinoms Antitumoraktivität gezeigt hat.
Total Synthesis of FK 506 and an FKBP Probe Reagent, (C8, C9-13C2)-FK 506. Chemistry and Biology of the Immunophilins and Their Immunosuppressive Ligands. (1991)

Asymmetric syntheses of FK 506 and (C8, C9-13C2) -FK 506 are reported. The latter compound was designed to facilitate an investigation of the interactions between FK 506 and its receptor, the recently discovered immunophilin, FKBP. The synthesis involved the preparation of intermediates 7-9 in nonracemic forms. The key coupling reactions included a Cram-selective addition of the vinyl Grignard reagent derived from bromide 9 to aldehyde 8 and the addition of the lithioanion of phosphonamide 7 to aldehyde 43, followed by thermal elimination. Dithiane 44 was then hydrolyzed, and glycolic ester 6 (or 6*) was added via an aldol reaction that allowed the introduction of 13C labels at C8 and C9. Elaboration to FK 506 proceeded via a Mukaiyama lactamization reaction and a selective deprotection/oxidation sequence, the efficiency of which was critically dependent upon the order of protecting group removal.13C labeled FK 506 (2) -FKBP drug protein complex was examined by 13C NMR ; the experiments did not show an enzyme bound tetrahedral intermediate, but revealed a noncovalent, fully reversible interaction of the drug with its receptor.Also delineated are the recent researches aiming at understanding the structural basis for the molecular recognition of immunosuppressants by immunophilins and the biological consequences of their interactions.
Biogenesis of l-Methylisoborneol and l-Carboxymethylisoborneol From d-Camphor in Soil (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiogenesis of l-Methylisoborneol and l-Carboxymethylisoborneol From d-Camphor in SoilRodney Croteau, Jerry N. Winters, and Mark R. ShaberCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1981, 44, 3, 261–265Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50015a004https://doi.org/10.1021/np50015a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Design Framework for Invertible Logic (2020)

Invertible logic using a probabilistic magnetoresistive device model has been recently presented that can compute functions in bidirectional ways and solve several problems quickly, such as factorization and combinational optimization. In this article, we present a design framework for invertible logic circuits. Our approach makes use of linear programming to create a Hamiltonian library with the minimum number of nodes for small invertible-logic functions. In addition, as the device model is approximated based on stochastic computing in synthesizable SystemVerilog, a faster simulation using the compiled SystemC binary is realized than a conventional SPICE-level simulation and is verified using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as prototyping. Using our design framework, several invertible-logic circuits are designed and emulated (verified) in SystemC, exhibiting five order-of-magnitude faster simulation than conventional work.