gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software-only Compression, Rendering, and Playback of Digital Video (1995)

Software-only digital video involves the compression, decompression, rendering, and display of digital video on general-purpose computers without specialized hardware. Today’s faster processors are making software-only video an attractive, low-cost alternative to hardware solutions that rely on specialized compression boards and graphics accelerators. This paper describes the building blocks behind popular ISO, ITU-T, and industry-standard compression schemes, along with some novel algorithms for fast video rendering and presentation. A platform-independent software architecture that organizes the functionality of compressors and renderers into a unifying software interface is presented. This architecture has been successfully implemented on the Digital UNIX, the OpenVMS, and Microsoft’s Windows NT operating systems. To maximize the performance of codecs and renderers, issues pertaining to flow control, optimal use of available resources, and optimizations at the algorithmic, operating-system, and processor levels are considered. The performance of these codecs on Alpha systems is evaluated, and the ensuing results validate the potential of software-only solutions. Finally, this paper provides a brief description of some sample applications built on top of the software architecture, including an innovative video screen saver and a software VCR capable of playing multiple, compressed bit streams.
Receiver Architectures for Software-defined Radios in Mobile Terminals: the Path to Cognitive Radios (2007)

The increasing need for functional flexibility in radio systems to accommodate the proliferation of wireless standards will make implementation of wireless standards on reconfigurable radio platforms the only viable option in the coming years. We address the choice of the reconfigurable analog receiver architecture for mobile, battery-powered terminals and analyze in detail two extreme cases: a state-of-the-art fully integrated zero-IF receiver and an RF bandpass sampling architecture. Finally, we discuss how SDR receivers pave the way towards more sophisticated cognitive radios that sense the wireless environment and adapt their communication parameters.
Domain-Specific Language Abstractions for Compression (2021)

Little attention has been given to language support for block-based compression algorithms, despite their high implementation complexity. Current implementations have to deal with both the intricacies of the algorithm itself, as well as the low-level optimizations necessary for generating fast code. However, many block-based compression algorithms share a common structure in terms of their data representations, data partitioning operations, and data traversals. In this work, we propose a set of high-level language abstractions that can succinctly capture this structure. These abstractions provide the building blocks for the development of a domain-specific language and an associated optimizing compiler. With compression-specific language support, researchers can focus on algorithm development rather than the low-level implementation details.
Pharmacological inactivation of PI3Kδ in the tumor microenvironment enhances efficacy of other immunotherapeutic agents (2015)

Meeting abstracts Pharmacological inhibition of the oncogenic PI3Kδ pathway has been shown to be efficacious in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. However, its therapeutic application in patients with solid tumors has not yet been tested. Recently, genetic inactivation of PI3Kδ in mice was
An Improvement in the Bending Ability of a Hinged Trisaccharide with the Assistance of a Sugar––Sugar Interaction (2005)

Hinged di- and trisaccharides incorporating 2,4-diamino-beta-D-xylopyranoside as a hinge unit (Hin) were synthesized. Bridging of the diamino group of Hin by carbonylation or chelation to a metal ion results in a conformational change from (4)C1 to (1)C4, which in turn causes a bending of the oligosaccharides. In this study, the bending abilities of the hinged oligosaccharides were compared, in terms of the reactivities toward carbonylation and chelation. Di- or trisaccharides containing a 6-O-glycosylated mannopyranoside or galactopyranoside at their reducing ends had bending abilities similar to that of the Hin monosaccharide, probably because there were neither attractive nor repulsive interactions between the reducing and nonreducing ends. However, when Hin was attached at O2 of methyl mannopyranoside (Man alphaMe), the bending ability was dependent on the nonreducing sugar and the reaction conditions. Typically, a disaccharide--Hin beta(1,2)Man alphaMe--was difficult to bend under all the tested reaction conditions, and the bent population in the presence of Zn(II) was only 4%. On the other hand, a trisaccharide--Man alpha(1,3)Hin beta(1,2)Man alphaMe--was bent immediately after the addition of Zn(II) or Hg(II), and the bent population reached 75%, much larger than those of all the other hinged trisaccharides ever tested (<40%). This excellent bending ability suggests an attractive interaction between the reducing and nonreducing ends. The extended conformation was recovered by the addition of triethylenetetramine, a metal ion chelator. Reversible, quick, and efficient bending of the hinged trisaccharide was thus achieved.
Ultra-reliable V2X communication: On the value of user cooperation in the sidelink (2019)

The 5G system and its service for ultra-reliable low latency communication are considered key enablers for enhanced use cases of vehicular-to-everything (V2X) communications, paving the way towards automated and autonomous driving. Reliability in a wireless link can be improved substantially if a large degree of channel diversity can be exploited. The V2X sidelink can offer numerous independent communication links between a target car and its neighbours, and the diversity offered by these links can be made available by cooperative retransmission of data packets received from a prior multi-cast transmission. This paper elaborates on the value of user cooperation in the sidelink for attaining ultra-reliability in V2X communications by analysing the reliability gains in dependence of the number of cooperating users and for considering an additional retransmission, if the latency budget allows. Analysis reveals that the attainable gains scale with up to one order of magnitude per cooperative user. If strong differences in the power per link due to path-loss effects are taken into account, gains are obviously degrading, though the degradation can be kept at a moderate level if an additional retransmission with appropriate user grouping is considered.
Deep levels and carrier capture kinetics in n-GaAsBi alloys investigated by deep level transient spectroscopy (2021)

Abstract Dilute bismides (%Bi ∼ 1%–3%) are excellent candidates for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, thanks to the strong reduction in the bandgap with increasing bismuth content, the weak temperature dependence of the bandgap, and the small Auger recombination coefficient for high bismuth concentrations. Since Shockley–Read–Hall recombination may significant impact on the electrical and optical properties of the devices, describing the defects within the semiconductor material is of paramount importance for the optimization of device technology. To this aim, this paper investigates the deep levels within the bandgap in un-annealed n-type GaAsBi grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low temperature (390 °C) by means of deep level transient spectroscopy and filling time-dependent measurements. The original results described in the paper indicate (a) the presence of four majority and two minority carrier traps, and (b) that, from the analysis of the charge-capture kinetics, the dominant electron and hole traps originate, respectively, from a dislocation-related and a point defect with capture barrier of 0.48 eV. In addition, (c) we demonstrate that the incorporation of bismuth in GaAs generates only one additional electrically active defect with concentration higher than the sensitivity of the measurement setup, because most of the relevant traps found in GaAsBi layers have been identified in pure GaAs grown at low temperature. Finally, (d) the trap concentration is relatively constant along the growth direction, indicating a uniform defect density.
Discovery of 3α,7α,11β-Trihydroxy-6α-ethyl-5β-cholan-24-oic Acid (TC-100), a Novel Bile Acid as Potent and Highly Selective FXR Agonist for Enterohepatic Disorders (2016)

As a continuation of previous efforts in mapping functional hot spots on the bile acid scaffold, we here demonstrate that the introduction of a hydroxy group at the C11β position affords high selectivity for FXR. In particular, the synthesis and FXR/TGR5 activity of novel bile acids bearing different hydroxylation patterns at the C ring are reported and discussed from a structure-activity standpoint. The results obtained led us to discover the first bile acid derivative endowed with high potency and selectivity at the FXR receptor, 3α,7α,11β-trihydroxy-6α-ethyl-5β-cholan-24-oic acid (TC-100, 7) which also shows a remarkable physicochemical and pharmacological profile. Compound 7 combines the excellent physicochemical properties of hydrophilic bile acids such as ursodeoxycholic acid, with the distinct ability to specifically bind and regulate FXR activity in vivo, thus providing a bona fide novel therapeutic agent to treat enterohepatic disorders such as cholestasis, NASH, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Strain-Induced Molecular Orientation and Crystallization in Natural and Synthetic Rubbers under Uniaxial Deformation by In-situ Synchrotron X-ray Study (2004)

Abstract In-situ synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) studies and simultaneous measurements of stress and strain during uniaxial stretching of various vulcanized rubbers were carried out (at room temperature and 0°C) to reveal the strain-induced molecular orientation and crystallization relationships. Rubbers evaluated included natural rubber (NR), synthetic poly-isoprene rubber (IR), poly-cis-1,4-butadiene rubber (BR) and butyl rubber (IIR). Some universal features were observed in these systems: (i) At high strains (&gt; 5.0), the majority of the chains (up to 50 ≈ 75%) in natural and synthetic rubbers remained in the un-oriented amorphous state with only a small amount of crystalline fraction formed (10–20%). The rest of the chains were in the oriented amorphous state. (ii) During deformation, the oriented amorphous chains acted as precursors to strain-induced crystallization. A network of micro-fibrillar crystallites is formed within the closely populated vulcanization points, leading to the enhancement of mechanical properties at high strains. Different rubbers exhibited different behaviors during strain-induced crystallization. For example, poly-isoprenes (NR and IR vulcanized with sulfur and peroxide) showed strain-induced crystallization at a low strain of 2.5, resulting in larger crystalline but smaller oriented amorphous fractions. In contrast, BR and IIR crystallized at a higher strain of 4.0 lead to higher molecular orientation, higher oriented amorphous, but smaller crystalline fractions. The relationship between the molecular orientation and crystallization in strained rubber depends on the intrinsic crystallizability of the chains and the topology of the crosslinked network.
APX001 and Other Gwt1 Inhibitor Prodrugs Are Effective in Experimental Coccidioides immitis Pneumonia (2018)

Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection caused by the inhalation of the arthroconidia of either of two closely related dimorphic fungi, <i>Coccidioides immitis</i> and <i>C. posadasii</i>, that are endemic in the southwestern United States and other areas in the Western Hemisphere. Chronic cavitary pulmonary infections and extrapulmonary sites of infection are very difficult to treat and often require lifelong azole therapy. APX001A is the first in a new class of broad-spectrum antifungal agents that inhibit Gwt1, an enzyme which is required for cell wall localization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored mannoproteins in fungi. APX001A and several analogs were highly active against clinical isolates of <i>Coccidioides</i>, inhibiting hyphal growth at low nanogram/ml concentrations. APX001 is the N-phosphonooxymethyl prodrug of APX001A, currently in clinical trials for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Mice were treated orally once daily with 26 mg/kg/day of APX001 and the prodrug analog APX2097, 2 h after administration of the pan-cytochrome P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole, which was used to enhance drug half-life and exposures to more closely mimic human pharmacokinetics of APX001A. Five days of treatment reduced lung colony counts by nearly 3 logs and prevented dissemination, similar to the efficacy of fluconazole dosed orally at 25 mg/kg twice daily. In a survival experiment, both APX001- and APX2097-treated mice survived significantly longer than control and fluconazole-treated mice. APX001 and other members of this new class of antifungal agents may offer great promise as effective therapies for coccidioidomycosis.
Hyper-recombination and genetic instability in BLM-deficient epithelial cells. (2003)

Genetic instability appears to be required for a normal colorectal epithelial cell to evolve into a cancerous one. Bloom syndrome patients have a strong predisposition to cancer that affects a variety of tissues. The mechanism of disease is attributed to genomic instability, but many questions about the nature of this instability have not yet been answered. To investigate these issues, we used gene-targeting techniques to disrupt the BLM gene in karyotypically stable colorectal cancer epithelial cells. BLM knockout cells showed an increased tendency of sister chromatids to exchange DNA strands and were substantially more likely to undergo homologous recombination at chromosomal loci than parental cells. Surprisingly, BLM-deficient colorectal cancer epithelial cells did not display gross chromosomal rearrangements nor a change in the rates of chromosome gains and losses. However, the enhanced homologous recombination was associated with losses of heterozygosity. These observations define a type of genetic instability that has significant implications for the evolution of cancer.
DOE Investigation on the Effect of Dimensional Thread Tolerance on the Vibration-Induced Loosening of Fasteners (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study investigates the effect of the fasteners threads dimensional variation within the conformance tolerance limits on the self-loosening of threaded fasteners that are subjected to cyclic transverse service loads. A test setup is developed in order to simulate cyclic transverse service loads, and monitor the fastener clamp load loss and rotation in real-time during the test. The tested fasteners are used in one of the critical safety joints in a DaimlerChrysler vehicle. The tested thread dimensional parameters are the major diameter, the minor diameter, the pitch diameter, thread pitch, and thread profile angle. These parameters are measured optically. A set of conforming fasteners are selected and tested for self loosening. The self-loosening results are used to construct a model that fits the data points that are obtained experimentally. After that, the developed model is used to estimate the effect of each factor and its interaction with other factors on the self-loosening.&lt;/div&gt;
Positive and negative regulatory elements in the upstream region of the rat Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene (1999)

Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) catalyses the dismutation of superoxide radicals and neutralizes the oxidative effects of various chemicals. Deletion analysis of the upstream region of the rat SOD1 gene revealed that the promoter contains a positive regulatory element (PRE) and a negative regulatory element (NRE), which encompass the regions from -576 to -412 and from -412 to -305 respectively from the site of initiation of transcription. These DNA elements showed enhancer and silencer activities respectively in the natural context and in a heterologous promoter system. Using an electrophoretic-mobility-shift assay and a supershift assay with a specific antibody, the cis-elements of the PRE and NRE were identified as binding sites for transcription factors Elk1 and YY1 (Ying-Yang 1) respectively. Consistent with the presumed roles of the PRE and NRE, Elk1 increased SOD1 gene transcription about 4-5-fold, whereas YY1 exerted a negative effect of about 6-fold. Mutations of the Elk1- and YY1-binding sites led to diminution and elevation respectively of transcriptional activities, both in the natural context and in heterologous promoter systems. These results suggest that the transcription factors Elk1 and YY1, binding in the PRE and NRE respectively, co-ordinate the expression of the SOD1 gene.
Motion Planning for Close and Stable Object Placement (2021)

In this paper we proposed a new method for object placement task for picking robots. Close and stable object placement is focused in this method. For placing object more closely, this method adopted force control and pressing grasping object to other placed objects. A new path planning method with force control is used for stable placement in spite of the error in measuring grasping object. This method classifies the area of container under four categories from a viewpoint of collision risk. Based on these categories a robot trajectory with force control is calculated. According to the experimental result, this method could place object more closely with collision avoidance.
All-optical NRZ-OOK to RZ-QPSK conversion using parallel SOA-MZI OOK/BPSK converters (2007)

We propose a novel all-optical NRZ-OOK/RZ-QPSK modulation format converter using parallelized SOA-MZIs and demonstrate the proof-of-the-principle experiment at 10.7 GSymbol/s by using the test parallel SOA-MZI OOK/BPSK converters.
A trainable Die-To-Database for fast e-Beam inspection: learning normal images to detect defects (2020)

In the drive toward sub-10-nm semiconductor devices, manufacturers have been developing advanced lithography technologies such as extreme ultraviolet lithography and multiple patterning. However, these technologies can cause unexpected defects, and a high-speed inspection is thus required to cover the entire surface of a wafer. A Die-to-Database (D2DB) inspection is commonly known as a high-speed inspection. The D2DB inspection compares an inspection image with a design layout, so it does not require a reference image for comparing with the inspection image, unlike a die-to-die inspection, thereby achieving a high-speed inspection. However, conventional D2DB inspections suffer from erroneous detection because the manufacturing processes deform the circuit pattern from the design layout, and such deformations will be detected as defects. To resolve this issue, we propose a deep-learning-based D2DB inspection that can distinguish a defect deformation from a normal deformation by learning the luminosity distribution in normal images. Our inspection detects outliers of the learned luminosity distribution as defects. Because our inspection requires only normal images, we can train the model without defect images, which are difficult to obtain with enough variety. In this way, our inspection can detect unseen defects. Through experiments, we show that our inspection can detect only the defect region on an inspection image.
Dynamic photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace gas detection (2012)

We present a method of photoacoustic spectroscopy in which a laser beam tuned to an absorption feature of a gas is swept through its plume at the speed of sound. The resulting coherent addition of acoustic waves leads to an amplification of the signal without the need for a resonant chamber, thus enhancing the ability to remotely sense the gas. We demonstrate the concept using a tunable CO2 laser and SF6 gas in conjunction with a microphone. Sound pressure levels of 83 dB (relative to 20 μPa) are generated from a 15-ppm plume.
Oligopeptide sequence analysis by collision‐activated dissociation of multiply charged ions (1989)

Abstract Collision‐activated dissociation of an [M + 2H] 2+ ion from a tryptic peptide of molecular weight 2315.3 provides sets of overlapping fragments that allow the amino acid sequence of this peptide to be determined on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer having a mass range of 1800 Da.
AlGaN-Cladding-Free $m$-Plane InGaN/GaN Laser Diodes with p-Type AlGaN Etch Stop Layers (2011)

We present a new method of improving the accuracy and reproducibility of dry etching processes for ridge waveguide InGaN/GaN laser diodes (LDs). A GaN:Al0.09Ga0.91N etch rate selectivity of 11:1 was demonstrated for an m-plane LD with a 40 nm p-Al0.09Ga0.91N etch stop layer (ESL) surrounded by Al-free cladding layers, establishing the effectiveness of AlGaN-based ESLs for controlling etch depth in ridge waveguide InGaN/GaN LDs. These results demonstrate the potential for integrating AlGaN ESLs into commercial device designs where accurate control of the etch depth of the ridge waveguide is necessary for stable, kink-free operation at high output powers.
Effect of Temperature on Sintering of PCBN with Ti, Si3N4, AlN, Y2O3 Additives (2021)

In this paper, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) was prepared under a high temperature and an ultra-high pressure. The influence of different sintering temperature on composition, microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of the PCBN were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and universal mechanical testing machine. The results showed that the main phase were identified as cBN, α-Si3N4, β-Si3N4, TiN and TiB2. The cBN grains connect with each other by the reaction product. As the sintering temperature increases, the hardness of the sample increased, and its bending strength increase first and then decrease. When the sintering temperature was 1600°C, PCBN presented the best comprehensive performance, the hardness and bending strength were 32.2 GPa and 1022.5 MPa, respectively.
Heparin-Binding Protein Release Is Strongly Induced byLeptospiraSpecies and Is a Candidate for an Early Diagnostic Marker of Human Leptospirosis (2018)

In conclusion, we describe a new mechanism by which the leptospirosis pathophysiological complications may arise, such as vascular leakage and edema formation. We also propose HBP as a new early screening biomarker for human leptospirosis.
ChemInform Abstract: ARENE‐METAL CLUSTERS: METAL ATOM‐BIS(ARENE)METAL CHEMISTRY IN THE LIQUID PHASE (1982)

Abstract Bis‐ [toluol]‐vanadium oder ‐chrom (I) reagieren mit Vanadium‐ oder Chromatomen (Metallatom‐Mikrolösungsmethode) zu den Dimetallverbindungen (II), die durch direkte Metall‐Metall‐Addition entstehen.
Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses Are Connected at Molecular Level: Interaction of CLN5 Protein with CLN2 and CLN3 (2002)

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are neurodegenerative storage diseases characterized by mental retardation, visual failure, and brain atrophy as well as accumulation of storage material in multiple cell types. The diseases are caused by mutations in the ubiquitously expressed genes, of which six are known. Herein, we report that three NCL disease forms with similar tissue pathology are connected at the molecular level: CLN5 polypeptides directly interact with the CLN2 and CLN3 proteins based on coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro binding assays. Furthermore, disease mutations in CLN5 abolished interaction with CLN2, while not affecting association with CLN3. The molecular characterization of CLN5 revealed that it was synthesized as four precursor forms, due to usage of alternative initiator methionines in translation. All forms were targeted to lysosomes and the longest form, translated from the first potential methionine, was associated with membranes. Interactions between CLN polypeptides were shown to occur with this longest, membrane-bound form of CLN5. Both intracellular targeting and posttranslational glycosylation of the polypeptides carrying human disease mutations were similar to wild-type CLN5.