gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Li/CFx Cells Optimized for Low-Temperature Operation (2009)

Some developments reported in prior NASA Tech Briefs articles on primary electrochemical power cells containing lithium anodes and fluorinated carbonaceous (CFx) cathodes have been combined to yield a product line of cells optimized for relatively-high-current operation at low temperatures at which commercial lithium-based cells become useless. These developments have involved modifications of the chemistry of commercial Li/CFx cells and batteries, which are not suitable for high-current and low-temperature applications because they are current-limited and their maximum discharge rates decrease with decreasing temperature. One of two developments that constitute the present combination is, itself, a combination of developments: (1) the use of sub-fluorinated carbonaceous (CFx wherein x<1) cathode material, (2) making the cathodes thinner than in most commercial units, and (3) using non-aqueous electrolytes formulated especially to enhance low-temperature performance. This combination of developments was described in more detail in High-Energy-Density, Low- Temperature Li/CFx Primary (NPO-43219), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 31, No. 7 (July 2007), page 43. The other development included in the present combination is the use of an anion receptor as an electrolyte additive, as described in the immediately preceding article, Additive for Low-Temperature Operation of Li-(CF)n Cells (NPO- 43579). A typical cell according to the present combination of developments contains an anion-receptor additive solvated in an electrolyte that comprises LiBF4 dissolved at a concentration of 0.5 M in a mixture of four volume parts of 1,2 dimethoxyethane with one volume part of propylene carbonate. The proportion, x, of fluorine in the cathode in such a cell lies between 0.5 and 0.9. The best of such cells fabricated to date have exhibited discharge capacities as large as 0.6 A h per gram at a temperature of 50 C when discharged at a rate of C/5 (where C is the magnitude of the current, integrated for one hour, that would amount to the nominal charge capacity of a cell).
Generic text summarization using local and global properties of sentences (2004)

With the proliferation of text data on the World-Wide Web, the development of methods for automatically summarizing these data becomes more important. Here, we propose a practical approach for extracting the most relevant sentences from the original document to form a summary. The idea of our approach is to exploit both the local and global properties of sentences. The local property can be considered as clusters of significant words within each sentence, while the global property can be though of as relations of all sentences in the document. These two properties are combined to get a single measure reflecting the informativeness of sentences. Experimental results show that our approach compares favorably to a commercial text summarizer.
Discovery of 5-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-3-(pyrazol-4-yl)-7-azaindole (GNF3809) for β-Cell Survival in Type 1 Diabetes (2019)

Pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, a hallmark of the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, an agent protecting β-cells from cytokine-induced stress should have an impact on maintaining functional β-cell mass in T1D. Screening of a ∼2 million-compound library identified a series of 7-azaindole derivatives as capable of protecting rat insulinoma β-cells from death induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The screening hits were optimized to result in GNF3809, a compound which preserves insulin content and viability of β-cells in both rodent and human islets under stress induced by cytokines. In vivo, orally bioavailable GNF3809 prevented elevated blood glucose level and improved oral glucose tolerance in a nonobese diabetic mouse model. This work lays the foundation for development of a new class of therapeutic interventions for T1D.
An Intensive, Progressive Exercise Program Reduces Disability and Improves Functional Performance in Patients After Single-Level Lumbar Microdiskectomy (2009)

An intensive, progressive exercise program combined with education reduces disability and improves function in patients who have undergone a single-level lumbar microdiskectomy.
The Emission Properties of Integrated Organic Light Emitting Diodes With Organic Photo Sensor for Emotional Lighting Applications (2011)

This letter reports on a study of the emission properties of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) controlled by an organic photo sensor (OPS) based on poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and [6, 6]-phenyl-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">61</sub> butyric acid methyl ester for emotional lighting applications. The emission characteristics exhibit the changes in the current and luminance of an OLED as a function of time when different illumination levels are exposed to the OPS. The luminance of the OLED increases from 283.4 to 1134 cd/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> when the OPS is exposed to different illumination levels from full dark to 500 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using a xenon lamp.
ChemInform Abstract: An Atom Efficient Route to N‐Aryl and N‐Alkyl Pyrrolines by Transition Metal Catalysis. (2011)

Abstract An unprecedented route to pyrrolines produces only water and ethene as side‐products.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in the G Protein-Coupled Receptor–Induced Chemokinesis and Chemotaxis of MDA-MB-468 Breast Carcinoma Cells: A Comparison with Leukocytes (2006)

The polarization of tumor cells and leukocytes into a front end and a rear end is a crucial prerequisite for their autonomous, directed movement. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is assumed to play an important role in this polarization process, whereas the results obtained with different cell types and different migration assays widely vary. Thus, we conducted a comparative study on the role of the PI3K in the locomotor activity and directionality of the migration of tumor cells on the example of MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells in comparison with CTLs and neutrophil granulocytes. We used our well-established, collagen-based, three-dimensional migration assay for the investigation of the chemokinesis and chemotaxis of these cells. Our results show that the role of the PI3K in the regulation of migratory activity is distinct between the investigated cell types: the migration of CTLs and MDA-MB-468 cells was impaired by the inhibition of the PI3K with wortmannin, whereas neutrophil granulocytes were only slightly affected. However, neither cell type was impaired in the ability to respond chemotactically to gradients of ligands to G protein-coupled receptors. Thus, the PI3K contributes to the regulation of migratory activity but not to the directionality of migration of MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells. As a further conclusion with regard to cancer treatment, the PI3K is not a suitable target for the inhibition of metastasis formation, because the migration of leukocytes is also affected, which leads to a dysfunction of the immune defense.
Синтез и антигипоксическая активность γ-L-глутамилгистамина и его аналогов (2005)

Методами пептидной химии синтезированы природные эндогенные соединения γ-L-глутамилгистамин и его аналоги γ-аминобутирилгистамин и глутарилгистамин. Экспериментально in vivo на мышах с использованием модели гипоксии с гиперкапнией в гермообъеме показано, что синтезированные соединения в различной степени проявляют антигипоксическую активность. Наиболее значительный эффект, составивший около 150% от контрольных значений, проявил γ-L-глутамилгистамин при пероральном введении в дозе 0,01 мг/кг, что в 2 · 10 4 раз меньше средне эффективной дозы референтного препарата оксибутирата натрия.
Characterization and Synthesis of Eudistidine C, a Bioactive Marine Alkaloid with an Intriguing Molecular Scaffold (2016)

An extract of Eudistoma sp. provided eudistidine C (1), a heterocyclic alkaloid with a novel molecular framework. Eudistidine C (1) is a racemic natural product composed of a tetracyclic core structure further elaborated with a p-methoxyphenyl group and a phenol-substituted aminoimidazole moiety. This compound presented significant structure elucidation challenges due to the large number of heteroatoms and fully substituted carbons. These issues were mitigated by application of a new NMR pulse sequence (LR-HSQMBC) optimized to detect four- and five-bond heteronuclear correlations and the use of computer-assisted structure elucidation software. Synthesis of eudistidine C (1) was accomplished in high yield by treating eudistidine A (2) with 4(2-amino-1H-imidazol-5-yl)phenol (4) in DMSO. Synthesis of eudistidine C (1) confirmed the proposed structure and provided material for further biological characterization. Treatment of 2 with various nitrogen heterocycles and electron-rich arenes provided a series of analogues (5-10) of eudistidine C. Chiral-phase HPLC resolution of epimeric eudistidine C provided (+)-(R)-eudistidine C (1a) and (-)-(S)-eudistidine C (1b). The absolute configuration of these enantiomers was assigned by ECD analysis. (-)-(S)-Eudistidine C (1b) modestly inhibited interaction between the protein binding domains of HIF-1α and p300. Compounds 1, 2, and 6-10 exhibited significant antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.
Culture conditions' impact on succinate production by a high succinate producing Escherichia coli strain (2011)

This work aimed to identify the key operational factors that significantly affect succinate production by the high succinate producing Escherichia coli strain SBS550MG (pHL413), which bears mutations inactivating genes adhE ldhA iclR ackpta::Cm(R) and overexpresses the pyruvate carboxylase from Lactococcus lactis. The considered factors included glucose concentration, cell density, CO(2) concentration in the gas stream, pH, and temperature. The results showed that high glucose concentrations inhibited succinate production and that there is a compromise between the total succinate productivity and succinate specific productivity, where the total productivity increased with the increase in cell density and the specific productivity decreased with cell density, probably due to mass transfer limitation. On the other hand, a CO(2) concentration of 100% in the gas stream showed the highest specific succinate productivity, probably by favoring pyruvate carboxylation, increasing the OAA pool that later is converted into succinate. A full factorial design of experiments was applied to analyze the pH and temperature effects on succinate production in batch bioreactors, where succinate yield was not significantly affected by either temperature (37 to 43°C) or pH (6.5 to 7.5). Additionally, the temperature effect on succinate productivity and titer was not significant, in the range tested. On the other hand, a pH of 6.5 showed very low productivity, whereas pH values of 7.0 and 7.5 resulted in significantly higher specific productivities and higher titers. The increase on pH value from 7.0 to 7.5 did not show significant improvement. Then, pH 7.0 should be chosen because it involves a lower cost in base addition.
Abnormal Expression of the Angiopoietins and Tie Receptors in Menorrhagic Endometrium (2003)

One in five women of reproductive age experience menorrhagia, defined as blood loss greater than 80 ml per cycle or menses lasting longer than a week. Significant angiogenic activity is present in all phases of the menstrual cycle except the late secretory phase. Studies of the expression of angiogenic factors in endometrium have focused on vascular endothelial growth factor, which is regulated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Vascular growth also is stimulated by the angiopoietin-Tie system. Tie receptors are endothelium-specific tyrosine kinases. Both receptors, Tie-1 and Tie-2 (the latter the receptor for angiopoietins 1 and 2 [Ang-1 and Ang-2]) are necessary for the survival of vascular endothelial cells. Ang-1 helps to form capillary sprouts and is chemotactic for endothelial cells. Ang-2 competes with Ang-1 for binding to Tie-2 receptors. This retrospective, blinded immunohistological study measured the expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2, vascular receptors Tie-1 and Tie-2, and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in samples of nonmenorrhagic and menorrhagic endometrium from pre- and postmenopausal women having curettage or hysterectomy. Expression of Ang-1 was similar in both types of endometrium, but that of Ang-2-and its receptor Tie-2-was significantly increased in menorrhagic samples. Tie-1 also was increased in menorrhagic tissue, as was the expression of eNOS. Angiopoietin expression did not differ in tissues from pre- and postmenopausal women in this study. Possibly the increased expression of Ang-2 and Tie-2 helps to destabilize the endometrial vessels. Tie-1 probably is a compensatory mechanism for existing vascular pathology. The net result of the changes observed is an upward shift in the ratio of Ang-2 to Ang-1 in proliferative and secretory endometrial tissue in menorrhagic women. Further study of these mechanisms may lead to new local treatments that might conceivably help prevent the progression of endometrial hyperplasia to carcinoma in some women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
A novel PWM pulse modifying method for reconstructing three-phase AC currents from DC bus currents of inverter (2009)

A novel PWM pulse modifying method for DC bus current detection has been developed to reduce acoustic noise and distortion. DC bus current detection needs wide pulse durations to reconstruct three AC currents. PWM pulse modifying methods have been proposed to expand short pulse durations at low modulation. However, harmonic currents caused by modification signals distort reconstructed currents and create a specific frequency. In this paper, several PWM modifying methods are examined. Moreover a method for modifying signals is proposed that prevents harmonic currents from distorting reconstructed currents and creating a low frequency. Simulated and experimental results show good performances of total harmonic distortion and a high frequency.
Understanding and supporting histopathology slide sorting (2016)

Histopathology laboratories devote considerable time and effort to sorting tissue sample slides. We observed slide sorting in a typical urban hospital to understand the existing workflow and explore how it might be supported by an interactive computer support system. We observed 8.5 hours of slide sorting activity through a video camera mounted above a laboratory workbench. Through detailed video analysis, we characterised the process, examined which activities took the most time, and explored design considerations. We found that a very large proportion (23.5%) of the slide sorting time involved managing paper documents. We suggest that an interactive computer support system could automatically detect which slides are sorted into which folders and digitally list additional slides to include with these sets; this would support the workflow of technicians, while eliminating paper management and manual barcode reading operations, leading to time savings of approximately 30%. Additional recommendations for the design of such a support system include focusing on case management (e.g. how many slides belong to each case, whether a complete case will fit within the current folder, and which slides associated with a case are still missing), supporting recovery from disruptions, and enabling a flexible rather than a highly scripted workflow.
Diagnosis-to-Ablation Time and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Following Catheter Ablation (2020)

Shorter duration between time of first AF diagnosis and AF ablation is associated with an increased likelihood of ablation procedural success. Additional study is required to confirm these results and to explore implementation of earlier catheter AF ablation and patient outcomes within the current AF care pathway. Visual Overview A visual overview is available for this article.
Serum Steroids and Success of Corticotropin Therapy in Infantile Spasms (1986)

Serum levels of 8 steroids and urinary cortisol excretion were determined in 10 infants before and during corticotropin therapy for infantile spasms. High serum dehydroepiandrosterone-androstenedione concentration ratio distinguished the 6 infants with good therapeutic response from the 4 with poor response (p = 0.001). No such distinction was obtained directly by any of the serum steroid levels, 24-hour urinary cortisol, or serum pregnenolone-progesterone concentration ratio. This suggests that the therapeutic effect of corticotropin may be mediated by steroid factors other than cortisol. Inhibition of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase system in zona reticularis might be beneficial during the corticotropin therapy.
Applications of Ultrasound in the Resection of Brain Tumors (2016)

Neurosurgery makes use of preoperative imaging to visualize pathology, inform surgical planning, and evaluate the safety of selected approaches. The utility of preoperative imaging for neuronavigation, however, is diminished by the well-characterized phenomenon of brain shift, in which the brain deforms intraoperatively as a result of craniotomy, swelling, gravity, tumor resection, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, and many other factors. As such, there is a need for updated intraoperative information that accurately reflects intraoperative conditions. Since 1982, intraoperative ultrasound has allowed neurosurgeons to craft and update operative plans without ionizing radiation exposure or major workflow interruption. Continued evolution of ultrasound technology since its introduction has resulted in superior imaging quality, smaller probes, and more seamless integration with neuronavigation systems. Furthermore, the introduction of related imaging modalities, such as 3-dimensional ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, high-frequency ultrasound, and ultrasound elastography, has dramatically expanded the options available to the neurosurgeon intraoperatively. In the context of these advances, we review the current state, potential, and challenges of intraoperative ultrasound for brain tumor resection. We begin by evaluating these ultrasound technologies and their relative advantages and disadvantages. We then review three specific applications of these ultrasound technologies to brain tumor resection: (1) intraoperative navigation, (2) assessment of extent of resection, and (3) brain shift monitoring and compensation. We conclude by identifying opportunities for future directions in the development of ultrasound technologies.
The Haemophilus influenzae HMW1 adhesin is glycosylated in a process that requires HMW1C and phosphoglucomutase, an enzyme involved in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis (2003)

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae is a common respiratory pathogen and an important cause of morbidity in humans. The non-typeable H. influenzae HMW1 and HMW2 adhesins are related proteins that mediate attachment to human epithelial cells, an essential step in the pathogenesis of disease. Secretion of these adhesins requires accessory proteins called HMW1B/HMW2B and HMW1C/HMW2C. In the present study, we investigated the specific function of HMW1C. Examination of mutant constructs demonstrated that HMW1C influences both the size and the secretion of HMW1. Co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that HMW1C interacts with HMW1 and forms a complex in the cytoplasm. Additional experiments and homology analysis established that HMW1C is required for glycosylation of HMW1 and may have glycotransferase activity. The glycan structure contains galactose, glucose and mannose and appears to be generated in part by phosphoglucomutase, an enzyme important for lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis. In the absence of glycosylation, HMW1 is partially degraded and is efficiently released from the surface of the organism, resulting in reduced adherence. Based on these results, we conclude that glycosylation is a prerequisite for HMW1 stability. In addition, glycosylation appears to be essential for optimal HMW1 tethering to the bacterial surface, which in turn is required for HMW1-mediated adherence, thus revealing a novel mechanism by which glycosylation influences cell-cell interactions.
Audio Coding Using Perceptually Controlled Bitstream Buffering (2001)

This convention paper has been reproduced from the author’s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Pyridine N‐Oxides Derived from Monoterpenes as Organocatalysts for Stereoselective Reactions with Allyltrichlorosilane and Tetrachlorosilane. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EigenGame: PCA as a Nash Equilibrium (2021)

We present a novel view on principal components analysis as a competitive game in which each approximate eigenvector is controlled by a player whose goal is to maximize their own utility function. We analyze the properties of this PCA game and the behavior of its gradient based updates. The resulting algorithm---which combines elements from Oja's rule with a generalized Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization---is naturally decentralized and hence parallelizable through message passing. We demonstrate the scalability of the algorithm with experiments on large image datasets and neural network activations. We discuss how this new view of PCA as a differentiable game can lead to further algorithmic developments and insights.
CSRZ-ASK and DPSK 40 Gb/s All-Raman WDM Transmission Based on UltraWave Fiber (2006)

In this paper, we report a complete experimental and numerical analysis of 40 Gb/s WDM ultra long-haul (ULH) transmission using CSRZ-DPSK and CSRZ-ASK modulation formats on UltraWavetrade fiber spans. Experimental results compare well with full numerical simulations