gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Intrachannel Crosstalk With Frequency Dependence on Signal Degradation in Optical Switch Network (2009)

In this paper, we show the influence of intrachannel crosstalk in an optical switch network. The intrachannel crosstalk is mainly due to a signal that is not sufficiently blocked by the optical switch. The signal has a broadband spectrum and causes coherent crosstalk at the optical switching node. We investigate analytically the relationship between the channel isolation of the optical switching node that the optical switch network comprises and the crosstalk penalty due to the broadband signal. We confirm experimentally that the relationship is suited to the optical switch network that emulates an optical cross-connect system. We also show experimentally that it is important to use the optical switch with a high channel isolation level in the entire range of the signal bandwidth in order to suppress the impairment due to the crosstalk. We confirm that in a 50-GHz spaced system, a 44-Gb/s return-to-zero differential quadrature phase-shift-keying signal is sufficiently transmitted without a crosstalk penalty through 24 optical switching nodes, comprising wavelength selective filters with a high channel isolation level in the entire range of the signal bandwidth.
The Methylation of Carboxylic Acids Using Methyl, Trichloroacetates (1984)

Abstract Methyl trichloroacetate has been shown to methylate carboxylic acids with the loss of chloroform and carbon dioxide.
A c-Myc Activation Sensor-Based High-Throughput Drug Screening Identifies an Antineoplastic Effect of Nitazoxanide (2013)

Deregulation of c-Myc plays a central role in the tumorigenesis of many human cancers. Yet, the development of drugs regulating c-Myc activity has been challenging. To facilitate the identification of c-Myc inhibitors, we developed a molecular imaging sensor-based high-throughput screening (HTS) system. This system uses a cell-based assay to detect c-Myc activation in a HTS format, which is established from a pure clone of a stable breast cancer cell line that constitutively expresses a c-Myc activation sensor. Optimization of the assay performance in the HTS format resulted in uniform and robust signals at the baseline. Using this system, we conducted a quantitative HTS against approximately 5,000 existing bioactive compounds from five different libraries. Thirty-nine potential hits were identified, including currently known c-Myc inhibitors. There are a few among the top potent hits that are not known for anti-c-Myc activity. One of these hits is nitazoxanide, a thiazolide for treating human protozoal infections. Validation of nitazoxanide in different cancer cell lines revealed a high potency for c-Myc inhibition with IC50 ranging between 10 and 500 nmol/L. Oral administration of nitazoxanide in breast cancer xenograft mouse models significantly suppressed tumor growth by inhibition of c-Myc and induction of apoptosis. These findings suggest a potential of nitazoxanide to be repurposed as a new antitumor agent for inhibition of c-Myc-associated neoplasia. Our work also demonstrated the unique advantage of molecular imaging in accelerating discovery of drugs for c-Myc-targeted cancer therapy.
The Association ofCTLA4Polymorphism with Type 1 Diabetes Is Concentrated in Patients Complicated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Multicenter Collaborative Study in Japan (2006)

Given the high frequency of AITD in patients with type 1 diabetes, these data suggest the possibility that the association of CTLA4 with type 1 diabetes in previous studies may have been secondary to AITD, suggesting the importance of subclassification of type 1 diabetes relative to AITD in genetic studies.
Surface Enrichment in an Isotopic Polymer Blend (1989)

Forward-recoil spectrometry reveals that the surface of a blend of deuterated polystyrene ($d$-PS) and protonated polystyrene (PS) is enriched with $d$-PS relative to the bulk; the surface excess of $d$-PS increases almost linearly with the bulk volume fraction $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ of $d$-PS at 184\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The results may be interpreted quantitatively with mean-field theory, and yield a form of the bare surface energy of the blend consistent with the surface enrichment being driven by a surface-energy difference between $d$-PS and hydrogenated polystyrene ($h$-PS) of isotopic origin.
Bet-hedging antimicrobial strategies in macrophage phagosome acidification drive the dynamics of Cryptococcus neoformans intracellular escape mechanisms (2022)

The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is a major human pathogen with a remarkable intracellular survival strategy that includes exiting macrophages through non-lytic exocytosis (Vomocytosis) and transferring between macrophages (Dragotcytosis) by a mechanism that involves sequential events of non-lytic exocytosis and phagocytosis. Vomocytosis and Dragotcytosis are fungal driven processes, but their triggers are not understood. We hypothesized that the dynamics of Dragotcytosis could inherit the stochasticity of phagolysosome acidification and that Dragotcytosis was triggered by fungal cell stress. Consistent with this view, fungal cells involved in Dragotcytosis reside in phagolysosomes characterized by low pH and/or high oxidative stress. Using fluorescent microscopy, qPCR, live cell video microscopy, and fungal growth assays we found that the that mitigating pH or oxidative stress reduced Dragotcytosis frequency, whereas ROS susceptible mutants of C. neoformans underwent Dragotcytosis more frequently. Dragotcytosis initiation was linked to phagolysosomal pH, oxidative stresses, and macrophage polarization state. Dragotcytosis manifested stochastic dynamics thus paralleling the dynamics of phagosomal acidification, which correlated with the inhospitality of phagolysosomes in differently polarized macrophages. Hence, randomness in phagosomal acidification randomly created a population of inhospitable phagosomes where fungal cell stress triggered stochastic C. neoformans non-lytic exocytosis dynamics to escape a non-permissive intracellular macrophage environment.
Newly developed ultra low CTE materials for thin core PKG (2012)

To achieve the recent improvements in miniaturization and performance of mobile devices (Smart phone, Tablet PC etc.), the semiconductor PKG substrate installed in these devices is demanded to be thinner and higher in density. However, the thinner PKG substrate may cause poor connection reliability due to increased warpage by soldering. The ultra low CTE (Coefficient of thermal expansion) core material has been required as the key solution for the reduction of the warpage of the thinner PKG substrate such as PoP (Package on package). We have just developed two types of ultra low CTE core materials named E-705G and E-800G to meet with the requirement, applying our original resin systems and the filler surface treatment technologies. The developed materials show the ultra low CTE(X, Y) property (2.8-3.3 ppm/°C) similar to that of glass fabric itself. Also E-705G has high flexural modulus over 33-36 GPa at room temperature. Regarding E-800G, it has the good dielectric characteristics (lower dielectric constant and dissipation factor), can be applicable higher speed PKG. Both of the materials have high reliability and high heat resistance which is suitable for the lead-free soldering process. Confirming the warpage property, we evaluated the warpage behavior of PoP (bottom) constructions before/after assembly process. The newly developed materials showed the much lower warpage than the conventional low CTE material.
MOS bipolar gate IGBT operation (2003)

A new IGBT with a P/sup +/ diverter which is connected to the gate through a series resistance, is proposed in this paper. It was observed from simulations that providing a small current through the diverter resulted in a significant decrease in the device on-state voltage drop. Measurements on fabricated 4 kV IGBTs showed a forward voltage drop of 2.78 V (at collector current density of 100 A/cm/sup 2/) for diverter current of 10 mA (7.38 A/cm/sup 2/), as compared to 3.09 V of the conventional IGBT (without a diverter). After electron irradiation, the devices had a forward voltage drop of 5.02 V (at collector current density of 50 A/cm/sup 2/) for the same diverter current, as compared to 6.48 V for the conventional IGBTs. Furthermore, both the devices had nearly identical turn off time, and excellent latch-up current density.
The NK3 Receptor Antagonist ESN364 Interrupts Pulsatile LH Secretion and Moderates Levels of Ovarian Hormones Throughout the Menstrual Cycle (2015)

Women's health disorders such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis are currently treated by GnRH modulators that effectively suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. The neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) is an alternative target with an important role in the modulation of this axis. In this report, we demonstrate that systemic administration of an NK3R antagonist (ESN364) prolongs the LH interpulse interval in ovarectomized ewes and significantly lowers plasma LH and FSH concentrations in castrated nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis). Moreover, daily oral dosing of ESN364 throughout the menstrual cycle in M fascicularis lowered plasma estradiol levels in a dose-dependent manner, although nadir levels of estradiol were maintained well above menopausal levels. Nevertheless, estradiol levels during the follicular phase were sufficiently inhibited at all doses to preclude the triggering of ovulation as evidenced by the absence of the LH surge and failure of a subsequent luteal phase rise in plasma progesterone concentrations, consistent with the absence of normal cycle changes in the uterus. Apart from the point at surge, FSH levels were not altered over the course of the menstrual cycle. These effects of ESN364 were reversible upon cessation of drug treatment. Together these data support the proposed role of neurokinin B-NK3R signaling in the control of pulsatile GnRH secretion. Furthermore, in contrast to GnRH antagonists, NK3R antagonists induce a partial suppression of estradiol and thereby offer a viable therapeutic approach to the treatment of ovarian sex hormone disorders with a mitigated risk of menopausal-like adverse events in response to long-term drug exposure.
All-fiber absolute interferometric sensor by a DFB frequency-modulated source (1990)

A pigtailed DFB source operating at 1520 NM feeds an all-fiber interferometric scheme to obtain absolute measurements. The frequency modulation of the source is in-line controlled by means of an all-fiber ring resonator. The sensor was realized by all-fiber components and it was designed with a multisensing capability. The extremely narrow emitting-line of the DFB enphasizes the resolution features of the scheme. The precision figure is also reported on the basis of the first experiniental data.
Polymeric iron chelators for enhancing 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced photodynamic therapy (2022)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an amino acid that can be metabolized into a photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) selectively in a tumor cell, permitting minimally invasive photodynamic diagnosis/therapy. However, some malignant tumor cells have excess intracellular labile iron and facilitate the conversion of PpIX into heme, which compromises the therapeutic potency of 5-ALA. Here, we examined the potential of chelation of such unfavorable intratumoral labile iron in photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-ALA hydrochloride, using polymeric iron chelators that we recently developed. The polymeric iron chelator efficiently inactivated the intracellular labile iron in cultured cancer cells and importantly enhanced the accumulation of PpIX, thereby improving the cytotoxicity upon photoirradiation. Even in in vivo study with subcutaneous tumor models, the polymeric iron chelator augmented the intratumoral accumulation of PpIX and the PDT effect. This study suggests that our polymeric iron chelator could be a tool for boosting the effect of 5-ALA-induced PDT by modulating tumor microenvironment.
An architecture for signaling load comparison for GSM and IS41/136 systems (2002)

The advent of second and third generation cellular systems forces cellular operators to face a considerable increase in the signaling traffic over their mobile networks. Service providers are therefore required to have appropriate planning tools in order to maintain adequate service quality levels. This paper presents a proposal of a simulation architecture for the analysis of signaling in GSM and IS41/136 mobile cellular networks. Procedures like power up, power down, call setup, handover and location updating are implemented. The simulation tool CELSA (cellular signaling analyzer) has implemented this architecture. Simulation results for exchanged signaling load in an example network architecture are presented.
Mice femoral secondary spongiosa micro-architecture parameters. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Values are means ± SEM. *p&lt;0.05 vs RO-SH, &lt;sup&gt;‡&lt;/sup&gt;p&lt;0.05 vs VO-SH based on ANOVA analysis with Tukey’s post hoc test. RO, refined olive oil; VO, virgin olive oil; VD3, vitamin D3; SH, sham operation; OVX, ovariectomy, SMI, structural model index; BV/TV, trabecular bone volume; Tb.N, trabecular number; Tb.Th, trabecular thickness; Tb.Sp, trabecular spacing; DA, degree of anisotropy. Following sham operation or ovariectomy, mice received refined or virgin olive oil for 4 weeks. Two additional groups of ovariectomized mice received refined or virgin olive oil enriched with vitamin D3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mice femoral secondary spongiosa micro-architecture parameters.&lt;/p&gt;
Polymorphism Candidate Genes of Indigenous Lien Minh Chickens (2018)

Lien Minh chicken is an indigenous breed with several favorable properties, such as high productivity and good meat quality, and is associated with the economic development of the people in the Lien Minh village, Cat Hai, Hai Phong. The objective of the current research was to investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes, which might be associated with broodiness and egg production traits. Ninety Lien Minh chicken individuals were genotyped for five SNPs of chicken prolactin (PRL), Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y gene (NPY), growth hormone (GH), and growth hormone receptor (GHR) genes. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction and then for genotyping by the PCR-RFLP method. The allele frequencies obtained were as follows: 0.19 and 0.81 for alleles C and T (PRL-C2161G), respectively; in VIP (G5138982T), 0.55 for the G allele and 0.45 for T; in GH-SacI (the intron 4), 0.02 for A and 0.98 for B; and in GHR-NspI, 0.82 for C and 0.18 for T. The NPY gene (four nucleotide indel) had the frequencies of 0.86 for I and 0.14 for D. The four studied polymorphic loci (PRL, VIP, NPY, and GH) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the Lien Minh chicken population. These are the initial results, which can be used to analyze the correlation of molecular markers and egg production traits in Lien Minh chickens.
<title>Improved fast white-light scanning profilometer</title> (2000)

White-light Vertical Scanning Interferometry (VSI) is a well-established technique for retrieving the three-dimensional shape of small objects. It has the advantage of non-contact measurement with absolute depth resolution at nanometer level repeatability. The technique has proven to be very effective in measurements of microstructures such as MEMS devices, surface texture, roughness, etc. However, it can only measure areas as big as the field of view of the instrument, usually not more than 15 mm, or a stitching algorithm must be applied. This slows down the measurements and often can be a source of errors. In this paper we present a modification of the technique permitting measurements at higher speeds while retaining the overall accuracy and repeatability of VSI. In the presented method the object is scanned laterally in front of an instrument with a tilted coherence plane such that the data is acquired continuously eliminating the need for stitching for elongated objects. One of the advantages of the proposed system is possibility of faster scanning speed with the use of a high speed CCD arrays. In the paper we present the principle of the method along with an experimental confirmation.
Intraoral manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (MnSOD-PL) radioprotective gene therapy decreases ionizing irradiation-induced murine mucosal cell cycling and apoptosis. (2004)

Single or multiple intraoral administrations of manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposomes (MnSOD-PL) to C3H/HeNHsd mice receiving single fraction or fractionated ionizing irradiation to the head and neck region have been shown to significantly decrease mucosal ulceration, weight loss and to improve survival.To elucidate the mechanism of irradiation protection by MnSOD-PL and explore possible additive or synergistic protective effects with Amifostine (WR2721), mice received a single fraction of 19, 22.5, 25 or 30 Gy, or 24 fractions of 3 Gy irradiation to the oral cavity and oropharynx. Multiple parameters of irradiation-induced toxicity were quantitated in subgroups of each irradiated group of mice treated with single or multiple administrations of intraoral MnSOD-PL and/or intravenous WR2721.In 19 Gy single fraction irradiated mice, MnSOD-PL treatment the day before irradiation alone or in combination with intravenous WR2721 significantly decreased the irradiation induction of mucosal cell cycling as measured by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BuDR) uptake in oral cavity mucosal cells at 48 hours and decreased ulceration of the tongue at nine days after irradiation compared to control, irradiated or irradiated, WR2721-treated mice. Mice treated in single fractions of 22.5, 25 or 30 Gy showed MnSOD-PL protection against irradiation-induced oral mucosal apoptosis and xerostomia measured in decreased saliva output. In fractionated irradiated mice, twice weekly hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged MnSOD uptake in oral cavity and tongue mucosal cells was not detectably altered by daily WR2721 intravenous administration. Mice treated with both radioprotective agents (MnSOD-PL and WR2721) demonstrated a significant decrease in irradiation-induced xerostomia (measured as reduced salivary gland output volume), mucosal ulceration and improved survival.Enhanced salivary gland function in WR2721-treated mice in the absence of detectable mucosal protection, coupled with relatively low uptake of HA-MnSOD in the salivary glands of intraorally-treated mice, suggests that a combination of both radioprotective agents may prove optimally effective for the prevention of the acute and late normal tissue toxicities of fractionated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
Temporal firewalls in large distributed real-time systems (2002)

The complexity of large distributed real-time systems can be reduced by partitioning the system into a set of almost autonomous subsystems that are connected by stable control-free interfaces called temporal firewalls. A temporal firewall provides an understandable abstraction of the subsystem behind the firewall, confines the impact of most changes to the encapsulated subsystem, and limits the potential of error propagation. The paper describes the stable properties of temporal firewalls and discusses where, in a large distributed real-time architecture, temporal firewalls should be placed. The final section investigates some possibilities of how to renegotiate the static properties of temporal firewalls in case the controlled object changes it behavior substantially.
The Electrode‐Tissue Interface: The Revolutionary Role of Steroid Elution (1992)

The electrode-tissue interface is that area lying between the cathode of a low-voltage implantable pacemaker or cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) lead and the endocardium or epi-myocardium of the cardiac chamber being paced. The electrical stimulus that is delivered to this interface is responsible for myocyte depolarization with consequent cardiac contraction. The process by which this occurs is reasonably well understood and any explanation requires a basic understanding of the physics and cellular electrophysiology of pacing. The effective and efficient delivery of electrical energy to the myocardium via the lead is dependent on many factors to be discussed in this review. However, despite numerous evolutionary changes occurring in the cathode's material, design, and surface configuration, it was not until the incorporation of steroid-elution to the electrode-tissue interface that reliable and significantly low stimulation threshold cardiac pacing became possible.
Tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for ACLY activity in lipid metabolism and cancer (2020)

A fundamental requirement for growth of rapidly proliferating cells is metabolic adaptation to promote synthesis of biomass 1 . ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a critical enzyme responsible for synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA, the key building component for de novo fatty acid synthesis and links vital pathways such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism 2 . The mechanisms of ACLY regulation are not completely understood and the regulation of ACLY function by tyrosine phosphorylation is unknown. Here we show using mass-spectrometry-driven phosphoproteomics and metabolomics that ACLY is phosphorylated and functionally regulated at an evolutionary conserved residue, Y682. Physiologic signals promoting rapid cell growth such as epidermal growth factor stimulation in epithelial cells and T-cell receptor activation in primary human T-cells result in rapid phosphorylation of ACLY at Y682. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that Y682 is directly phosphorylated by multiple tyrosine kinases, including ALK, ROS1, SRC, JAK2 and LTK. Oncogenically activating structural alterations such as gene-fusions, amplification or point mutations of ALK tyrosine kinase result in constitutive phosphorylation of ACLY in diverse forms of primary human cancer such as lung cancer, anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and neuroblastoma. Expression of a phosphorylation-defective ACLY-Y682F mutant in NPM-ALK+ ALCL decreases ACLY activity and attenuates lipid synthesis. Metabolomic analyses reveal that ACLY-Y682F expression results in increased β-oxidation of 13 C-oleic acid-labeled fatty acid with increased labeling of +2-citrate (p&lt;0.01) and +18-oleyol carnitine (p&lt;0.001). Similarly, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is significantly increased in cells expressing ACLY-Y682F (p&lt;0.001). Moreover, expression of ACLY-Y682F dramatically decreases cell proliferation, impairs clonogenicity and abrogates tumor growth in vivo . Our results reveal a novel mechanism for direct ACLY regulation that is subverted by multiple oncogenically-activated tyrosine kinases in diverse human cancers. These findings have significant implications for novel therapies targeting ACLY in cancer and metabolism.
Towards New Neuroprotective Agents: Design and Synthesis of 4H‐Thieno[2,3‐c]isoquinolin‐5‐one Derivatives as Potent PARP‐1 Inhibitors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.