gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental lumbar spinal stenosis. Analysis of the cortical evoked potentials, microvasculature, and histopathology. (1990)

An animal model of lumbar spinal stenosis was developed in which the pathophysiology of this condition could be examined. Four experimental groups, each containing six dogs, were studied. One group had a laminectomy of the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebrae only; these animals served as controls. In the three other groups, a laminectomy was performed and the cauda equina was constricted by 25, 50, or 75 per cent to produce chronic compression. Cortical evoked potentials were recorded preoperatively, immediately after constriction, and at one, two, and three months postoperatively. Daily neurological examinations were carried out, and the neurological deficits were graded using the Tarlov system. After three months of constriction, the cauda equina of three dogs in each group was examined histologically, and the vascular circulation was examined by latex and India-ink injection with a modification of the Spalteholz technique. The animals in the control group showed no neurological abnormalities, no changes in cortical evoked potentials, normal microvascularity, and no histopathological changes in the nerve roots or the spinal cord. The dogs in which the cauda equina had been constricted 25 per cent had no neurological deficits, mild changes in cortical evoked potentials, slight histological changes, and venous congestion of the root and dorsal root ganglion of the seventh lumbar nerve. The dogs in which the cauda equina had been constricted 50 per cent had mild initial motor weakness, major changes in cortical evoked potentials, edema and loss of myelin in the root of the seventh lumbar nerve, and moderate or severe venous congestion of the root and dorsal root ganglion of the seventh lumbar nerve. The dogs in which the cauda equina had been constricted 75 per cent had significant weakness, paralysis of the tail, and urinary incontinence; two dogs recovered by the third month, but all had neurogenic claudication for three months. All six dogs had dramatic changes in cortical evoked potentials and had complete nerve-root atrophy at the level of the constriction. There was blockage of axoplasmic flow and wallerian degeneration of the motor nerve roots distal to the constriction and of the sensory roots proximal to the constriction, as well as degeneration of the posterior column. Severe arterial narrowing at the level of the constriction and venous congestion of the roots and dorsal root ganglia of the seventh lumbar and first sacral nerves were also present. Cortical evoked potentials revealed neurological abnormalities before the appearance of neurological signs and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
On the Existence of Delocalized Positronium in NaF at Room Temperature (1978)

The angular correlation of two gamma-rays from positrons annihilating in NaF crystal has been measured at several temperatures from 89 K to 300 K. The narrow component in the angular correlation curve resulting from the self-annihilation of delocalized positronium, which has already been reported to be obvious at liquid nitrogen temperature, is still noticeable at temperatures up to about 200 K. Though it becomes much blurred at temperatures above this, qualitative examination of the data indicates that it does exist even at room temperature.
Studies of ELF propagation in the spherical shell cavity using a field decomposition method based on asymmetry of Schumann resonance curves (2006)

Asymmetric resonance curves are observed in various resonance systems occurring in nature. The reason for such a shape of the resonance curves is an interaction of the standing waves field in the resonator with the field of traveling waves which transmit energy from sources to the resonator. This behavior can be observed in strongly damped electromagnetic resonators. The ELF wave propagation inside the Earth‐ionosphere cavity is a good example of the simultaneous occurrence of resonance and transmission phenomena. In this paper we show that the transmission field component depends on the attenuation rate of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity and the observer‐source distance. Besides, the resonance curve asymmetry causes an evident diurnal variability of the resonance frequencies. The superposition of the two components at any point of the resonator makes the analysis of the Schumann resonance (SR) difficult. Here we suggest a field decomposition method that allows separating the resonance component from the transmission one. Owing to the decomposition, having a single measurement of the E or B field, it is possible, independently of the observer position, to study the physical properties of the resonator as well as to determine the localization and the intensity of sources. The field decomposition permits defining new resonator parameters such as reduced resonance frequencies and reduced quality factors, independent of the observer position inside the cavity. We believe that the application of the decomposition method in the analysis of the ELF observations yields a possibility of improving the accuracy of the determination of both the distances and intensities of the sources exciting the Earth‐ionosphere resonator, as well as its own parameters.
Biomolecular System Design: Architecture, Synthesis, and Simulation (2015)

The advancements in systems and synthetic biology have been broadening the range of realizable systems with increasing complexity both in vitro and in vivo. Systems for digital logic operations, signal processing, analog computation, program flow control, as well as those composed of different functions – for example an on-site diagnostic system based on multiple biomarker measurements and signal processing – have been realized successfully. However, the efforts to date tend to tackle each design problem separately, relying on ad hoc strategies rather than providing more general solutions based on a unified and extensible architecture, resulting in long development cycle and rigid systems that require redesign even for small specification changes.Inspired by well-tested techniques adopted in electronics design automation (EDA), this work aims to remedy current design methodology by establishing a standardized, complete flow for realizing biomolecular systems. Given a behavior specification, the flow streamlines all the steps from modeling, synthesis, simulation, to final technology mapping onto implementing chassis. The resulted biomolecular systems of our design flow are all built on top of an FPGA-like reconfigurable architecture with recurring modules. Each module is designed the function of eachmodule depends on the concentrations of assigned auxiliary species acting as the “tuning knobs.” Reconfigurability not only simplifies redesign for altered specification or post-simulation correction, but also makes post-manufacture fine-tuning – even after system deployment – possible. This flexibility is especially important in synthetic biology due to the unavoidable variations in both the deployed biological environment and the biomolecular reactions forming the designed system.In fact, by combining the system’s reconfigurability and neural network’s self-adaptiveness through learning, we further demonstrate the high compatibility of neuromorphic computation to our proposed architecture. Simulation results verified that with each module implementing a neuron of selected model (ex. spike-based, threshold-gate-like, etc.), accompanied by an appropriate choice of reconfigurable properties (ex. threshold value, synaptic weight, etc.), the system built from our proposed flow can indeed perform desired neuromorphic functions.
All-Sky LIGO Search for Periodic Gravitational Waves in the Early Fifth-Science-Run Data (2009)

We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
Fast calculation of PEEC macromodels using frequency derivatives (2007)

The accurate computation of partial elements plays a key role in ensuring the accuracy and the stability of the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method. Inaccuracies in partial elements computation, even at very high frequencies, may generate late time instabilities. On the other side, accurate computation of partial elements becomes prohibitively cumbersome when performed at high frequencies. In this paper a macro- modeling technique is applied, which is based on the use of frequency derivatives to allow a broadband characterization of electric and magnetic field couplings at a reduced computational cost.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of a Chiral 4‐Alkyl Substituent in Hallucinogenic Amphetamines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of preslaughter stress on meat quality and phosphocalcic metabolism in camels (Camelus dromedarius). (2010)

It's broadly known that feeding and conditions under which the animals are produced, transported and slaughtered may influence the oxidative stability of the meat and several physiological functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of preslaughter stress on meat quality and physiological responses in dromedary camels and their correlation with phosphocalcic metabolism. Animals used in this experimentation were clinically healthy. They were subjected to a long transportation stressor (TS) or remained unstressed before slaughter (NS). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Muscle glycogen and pH were measured on samples from longissimus muscle collected at 15 min and 24 h postmortem. The TS camels had higher plasma Cortisol, Thyroxine and glucose (P &amp;lt; 0.05) concentrations than NS camels. In contrast, plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, Parathormone and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in TS and NS camels showed no significant difference. These results indicate that long-term preslaughter transport can cause noticeable changes in stress responses and muscle metabolism, without any variation of phosphocalcic metabolism hormons in camels. (Texte intégral)
Sintering and Characterization of Ceramic Capacitor Based on BSZT for Use in Nonlinear Transmission Lines (2022)

Nonlinear transmission lines -NLTLs are promising as a high-power RF source in radars, battlefield communication disruption, satellites, biomedical instrumentation, and other communication systems [1–2]. Another way to produce the RF signals on NLTL is using nonlinear components such as ceramic capacitors. In this work, we synthesized and characterized a barium zirconium titanate ceramic for use in nonlinear dielectrics. Its application is in NLTLs due to their high permittivity <tex>$&gt; 5000$</tex> in the phase temperature transition with low tangent loss <tex>$&lt; 0.07$</tex>. The electrical characterization investigated in this work is in temperature, frequency, and DC voltage sweep, which give the nonlinearity factor of ceramic, a key parameter to produce RF in NLTL, and the dielectric strength to know the breakdown voltage in the pulsed power systems.
<title>Automated creation of image-based virtual reality</title> (1997)

While virtual reality is a powerful tool for a range of applications, it has the following two associated overheads that fundamentally limit its usefulness: (1) The creation of realistic synthetic virtual environment models is difficult and labor intensive; (2) The computing resources needed to render realistic complex environments in real time are substantial. In this paper, we describe an approach to the fully automated creation of image based virtual reality (VR) models: collections of panoramic images (cylindrical or spherical images) that illustrate an environment. Traditionally, a key bottleneck for this kind of modeling is the selection and acquisition of sample data. Our approach is based on using a small mobile robot to navigate in the environment and collect the image data of interest. A critical issue is selecting the appropriate sample locations of the modeling process: this is addressed using a computational mechanism that resembles human attention. Our objective is to select regions that differ from the surrounding environment. We do this using statistical properties of the output of an edge operator. Specifically, we guide a camera-carrying mobile robot through an environment and have it acquire data with which we construct a VR model. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using real data.
Unexpected sound omissions are signaled in human posterior superior temporal gyrus: an intracranial study (2023)

Context modulates sensory neural activations enhancing perceptual and behavioral performance and reducing prediction errors. However, the mechanism of when and where these high-level expectations act on sensory processing is unclear. Here, we isolate the effect of expectation absent of any auditory evoked activity by assessing the response to omitted expected sounds. Electrocorticographic signals were recorded directly from subdural electrode grids placed over the superior temporal gyrus (STG). Subjects listened to a predictable sequence of syllables, with some infrequently omitted. We found high-frequency band activity (HFA, 70-170 Hz) in response to omissions, which overlapped with a posterior subset of auditory-active electrodes in STG. Heard syllables could be distinguishable reliably from STG, but not the identity of the omitted stimulus. Both omission- and target-detection responses were also observed in the prefrontal cortex. We propose that the posterior STG is central for implementing predictions in the auditory environment. HFA omission responses in this region appear to index mismatch-signaling or salience detection processes.
Comparison of different Lewis acids supported on natural phosphate as new catalysts for chemoselective dithioacetalization of carbonyl compounds under solvent-free conditions (2005)

Various carbonyl compounds can be efficiently converted to their corresponding dithioacetals in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZnCl 2 , NiCl 2 or CuCl 2 supported on natural phosphate. The best catalytic activities were observed with the zinc catalysts. In addition, by employing these catalysts, highly chemoselective dithioacetalization of carbonyl compounds has been achieved.
Multifunctional squalene-based prodrug nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy (2013)

Fluorescent and biotinylated squalene-gemcitabine prodrug nanoparticles exhibiting high drug payloads have been prepared and successfully used to target different cancer cell lines, resulting in increased cell uptake and improved anticancer efficiency, which represents the first targeted system derived from the squalenoylation approach.
The cardiovascular actions of fractalkine/CX3CL1 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus are attenuated in rats with heart failure (2013)

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays an important role in the regulation of sympathetic nerve activity, which is significantly elevated in chronic heart failure (CHF). Fractalkine (FKN) and its cognate receptor, CX3CR1, are constitutively expressed in the central nervous system, but their role and physiological significance are not well known. The aims of the present study were to determine whether FKN plays a cardiovascular role within the PVN and to investigate how the actions of FKN might be altered in CHF. We show that both FKN and CX3CR1 are expressed on neurons in the PVN of rats, suggesting that they may have a physiological function in this brain nucleus. Unilateral microinjection of FKN directly into the PVN of anaesthetized rats elicited a significant dose-related decrease in blood pressure (1.0 nmol, -5 ± 3 mmHg; 2.5 nmol, -13 ± 2 mmHg; 5.0 nmol, -22 ± 3 mmHg; and 7.5 nmol, -32 ± 3 mmHg) and a concomitant increase in heart rate (1.0 nmol, 6 ± 3 beats min(-1); 2.5 nmol, 11 ± 3 beats min(-1); 5 nmol, 18 ± 4 beats min(-1); and 7.5 nmol, 27 ± 5 beats min(-1)) compared with control saline microinjections. In order to determine whether FKN signalling is altered in rats with CHF, we first performed quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis and followed these experiments with functional studies in rats with CHF and sham-operated control rats. We found a significant increase in CX3CR1 mRNA and protein expression, as determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively, in the PVN of rats with CHF compared with sham-operated control rats. We also found that the blood pressure effects of FKN (2.5 nmol in 50 nl) were significantly attenuated in rats with CHF (change in mean arterial pressure, -6 ± 3 mmHg) compared with sham-operated control rats (change in mean arterial pressure, -16 ± 6 mmHg). These data suggest that FKN and its receptor, CX3CR1, modulate cardiovascular function at the level of the PVN and that the actions of FKN within this nucleus are altered in heart failure.
The unique potency of Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) in situ cancer vaccine (2020)

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment enables cancer to resist immunotherapies. We have established that intratumoral administration of plant-derived Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) nanoparticles as an in situ vaccine overcomes the local immunosuppression and stimulates a potent anti-tumor response in several mouse cancer models and canine patients. CPMV does not infect mammalian cells but acts as a danger signal that leads to the recruitment and activation of innate and subsequently, adaptive immune cells. In the present study we addressed whether other icosahedral viruses or virus-like particles (VLPs) of plant, bacteriophage and mammalian origin can be similarly employed as intratumoral immunotherapy. Our results indicate that CPMV in situ vaccine outperforms Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), Physalis mosaic virus (PhMV), Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV), bacteriophage Qβ VLPs, or Hepatitis B virus capsids (HBVc). Furthermore, ex vivo and in vitro assays reveal unique features of CPMV that makes it an inherently stronger immune stimulant.
Estimation of Hand Position and Posture using Inertial Sensors and its Application to Robot Teaching System (2018)

Japanese society is rapidly aging, and the birthrate is low, leading to a reduction of the working population. To compensate for the resulting labor shortage, particularly in the field of teaching and training, robots can be considered. Conventional teaching methods with robots include remote teaching and direct teaching. These teaching methods have problems in terms of difficulty teaching sensibly and teacher safety. We extracted the target position and posture of a robot to be taught using motion sensors, and its performance was verified by simulation before applying our system to the actual robot. As a result of comparing our system to optical motion capture, we also found that it is unstable to estimate the initial posture angles around the z-axis by the geomagnetic sensor, and it is necessary to correct these angles in order to improve the position and posture estimation accuracy. In this system, the error of the sensor mounting position influences the deviation of the estimated trajectory in direction to the z-axis. As a result of the simulation, we found that the hand trajectory estimated from the motion sensor can be applied as the endpoint trajectory of the manipulator.
On covariance propagation using matrix continued fractions (1979)

The use of matrix continued fractions provides new methods to study the covariance matrix of the discrete Kalman filter. This approach can be used to obtain approximations to the covariance matrix using a reduced number of calculations and computer storage. Sequential bounds can also be calculated from this procedure and the bias resulting from the use of these bounds is determined. This approach has application for very large dimensional systems in which it is not possible, in practice, to store large matrices in computer memory or to perform many matrix computations.
Association of the Brazil Nut Protein Gene and Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor Alleles with Soybean Protease Inhibitor Activity and Agronomic Traits (2001)

The use of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in animal feed without heat treatment may be possible by reducing protease inhibitors. The objectives of this study were to determine to what extent soybean protease inhibitors would be reduced genetically by combining the Brazil nut protein (BNP) gene from the transgenic line BX4P9341B6 with the ti allele for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor from the cultivar Kunitz and their effect on agronomic traits. Soybean seed from 42 F 2 ‐derived lines from the cross BX4P9341B6 × Kunitz were evaluated in replicated trials in 1995 for trypsin inhibitor (TI), chymotrypsin inhibitor (CI) activity, and agronomic traits. There were six lines homogeneous for presence of the BNP gene and the Ti allele (BNP+, Ti ), 18 lines homogeneous for presence of the BNP gene and the ti allele (BNP+, ti ), six lines homogeneous for absence of the BNP gene and presence of the Ti allele (BNP−, Ti ), and 12 lines homogeneous for absence of the BNP gene and presence of the ti allele (BNP−, ti ). The mean TI activity of the BNP+, ti lines was 85.1% less than for the BNP−, Ti lines representative of conventional soybean cultivars. The mean CI activity of the BNP+, ti lines was 61.4% less than the BNP−, Ti lines. The means of the four genotypic classes were not significantly different ( P &gt; 0.05) for seed yield, maturity, lodging, and protein content. It should be possible to develop high‐yielding cultivars with the BNP+, ti genotype that have major reductions in TI and CI activity.
Reduced Fresnel losses in chalcogenide fibers by using anti-reflective surface structures on fiber end faces (2010)

We demonstrate microstructuring of chalcogenide fiber end faces in order to obtain enhanced transmission due to the antireflective properties of the microstructured surfaces. A variety of molding approaches have been investigated for As(2)S(3) and As(2)Se(3) fibers. Transmission as high as 97% per facet was obtained in the case of As(2)S(3) fiber, compared to the native, Fresnel-loss limited, transmission of 83%. The potential for hydrophobic character was also demonstrated by increasing the contact angle of water droplets to greater than 120°.
Business transformation under uncertainty: understanding the value of strategic flexibility (2010)

Firms that grow through mergers and acquisitions often need to deal with duplicate and disparate business functions. Specifically, firms often need to transform and optimise their business processes through simplification, standardisation, consolidation, insourcing and/or outsourcing. In order to decide whether and how to perform these transformation initiatives, firms need to estimate the value of different transformation approaches. Conventional valuation approaches tend to focus on foreseeable cost savings. In this study, we propose that in a turbulent global business environment, the value of strategic flexibility, which may be embedded in different business transformation approaches, should be explicitly incorporated in such valuation.