gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF LOAD REDUCTIONS PROVIDED BY A UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ABSORBER: A CADAVERIC STUDY (2012)

Joint load correlates with knee OA incidence, symptoms, radiographic, morphologic and biological changes. Available load modifying therapies are clinically effective but have drawbacks. The KineSpringTM (Moximed Inc), an investigational device, is designed to reduce compartment loads while avoiding the limitations of current treatments. We compare load reductions of braces, HTO and KineSpringTM. Literature review and experimental data provide compartment load changes for clinically effective knee braces and HTO. Simulated gait testing was completed on four cadaver knees with early-stage OA. Gait was simulated using a cadaver-based kinematic test system that applies motion and loading patterns dynamically to cadaver specimens. Medial and lateral compartment femoro-tibial pressures were measured throughout testing using thin film dynamic pressure sensors (Tekscan, Inc.) placed inframeniscally. Three conditions were tested: no treatment, applied valgus moments to simulate a valgus moment brace, and implanted KineSpring. Sufficient clinical data exists to support the development of new and novel load modifying therapies for knee OA. Joint load reductions provided by HTO and valgus moment braces provide insight into clinically effective load reduction ranges. Opening wedge HTOs of 5° and 10° are reported to reduce average medial compartment load by 55 N (12 lbs) and 286 N (64 lbs), respectively1. Valgus braces were reported to reduce medial compartment loads an average of 97-280 N (22-63 lbs). From this data we propose a clinically effective load reduction range of 55 to 286N is a valid indicator of the likely clinical success for medial knee load reduction treatments. Gait simulation was successfully completed in all specimens in all test configurations. The valgus moment brace reduced medial compartment load by 58 ±20 N but did not reach statistical significance. The Kinespring reduced medial compartment load by 129±64 N in comparison to the untreated case, a statistically significant reduction. Neither the KineSpring nor the valgus moment brace caused significant changes in the lateral compartment during stance. All treatments reduced medial compartment loads. KineSpringTM reduces loads in what we determined to be the clinically effective range. Additional studies and clinical investigations are warranted to determine the ultimate effectiveness of this implant system.
Monitoring Antigen-Specific T cells Using MHC-Ig Dimers (2000)

To summarize, two novel approaches are currently being examined that allow for identification of antigen-specific T cells. A biochemical approach to generating soluble multivalent MHC complexes has been to generate tetrameric MHC complexes linked to avidin. We have also generated a general approach for producing soluble divalent versions of class I and class II MHC molecules, using Ig as a molecular scaffold. The experimental system described here outlines a general approach of using multivalent high affinity ligands to study cell-cell interactions, driven by multivalent ligand-receptor interactions. Our work indicates that divalent chimeric molecules are high-avidity analogs of proteins useful in probing and selectively regulating cellular responses.
Supplementary methods from Transcriptionally Active Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods and materials&lt;/p&gt;
Scaled resistively-coupled VO2 oscillators for neuromorphic computing (2019)

New computation schemes inspired by biological processes are arising as an alternative to standard von-Neumann architectures, to provide hardware accelerators for information processing based on a neural networks approach. Systems of frequency-locked, coupled oscillators are investigated using the phase difference of the signal as the state variable rather than the voltage or current amplitude. As previously shown, these oscillating neural networks can efficiently solve complex and unstructured tasks such as image recognition. We have built nanometer scale relaxation oscillators based on the insulator–metal transition of VO2. Coupling these oscillators with an array of tunable resistors offers the perspective of realizing compact oscillator networks. In this work we show experimental coupling of two oscillators. The phase of the two oscillators could be reversibly altered between in-phase and out-of-phase oscillation upon changing the value of the coupling resistor, i.e. by tuning the coupling strength. The impact of the variability of the devices on the coupling performances are investigated across two generations of devices.
Limits to surface-enhanced Raman scattering near arbitrary-shape scatterers (2020)

Various scatterers such as rough surfaces or nanostructures are typically used to enhance the low efficiency of Raman spectroscopy (surface-enhanced Raman scattering). In this work, we find fundamental upper bounds on the Raman enhancement for arbitrary-shaped scatterers, depending only on its material constants and the separation distance from the molecule. According to our metric, silver is optimal in visible wavelengths while aluminum is better in the near-UV region. Our general analytical bound scales as the volume of the scatterer and the inverse sixth power of the distance to the active molecule. For periodic scatterers, a second bound with surface-area scaling is presented. Simple geometries such as spheres and bowties are shown to fall short of the bounds. However, using topology optimization based inverse design, we obtain surprising structures maximizing the Raman enhancement. These optimization results shed light to what extent our bounds are achievable.
Most of rare missense alleles in humans are deleterious: implications for evolution of complex disease and association studies (2006)

The accumulation of mildly deleterious missense mutations inindividual human genomes has been proposed to be a genetic basis forcomplex diseases. The plausibility of this hypothesis depends onquantitative estimates of the prevalence of mildly deleterious de novomutations and polymorphic variants in humans and on the intensity ofselective pressure against them. We combined analysis of mutationscausing human Mendelian diseases, human-chimpanzee divergence andsystematic data on human SNPs and found that about 20 percent of newmissense mutations in humans result in a loss of function, while about 27percent are effectively neutral. Thus, more than half of new missensemutations have mildly deleterious effects. These mutations give rise tomany low frequency deleterious allelic variants in the human populationas evident from a new dataset of 37 genes sequenced in over 1,500individual human chromosomes. Surprisingly, up to 70 percent of lowfrequency missense alleles are mildly deleterious and associated with aheterozygous fitness loss in the range 0.001-0.003. Thus, the low allelefrequency of an amino acid variant can by itself serve as a predictor ofits functional significance. Several recent studies have reported asignificant excess of rare missense variants in disease populationscompared to controls in candidate genes or pathways. These studies wouldbe unlikely to work if most rare variants were neutral or if rarevariants were not a significant contributor to the genetic component ofphenotypic inheritance. Our results provide a justification for thesetypes of candidate gene (pathway) association studies and imply thatmutation-selection balance may be a feasible mechanism for evolution ofsome common diseases.
Update on the incidence and prevalence of Crohnʼs disease and ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940–2000 (2006)

Although incidence rates of CD and UC increased after 1940, they have remained stable over the past 30 years. Since 1991 the prevalence of UC decreased by 7%, and the prevalence of CD increased about 31%. Extrapolating these figures to US Census data, there were approximately 1.1 million people with inflammatory bowel disease in the US in 2000.
Ultra small mode volume defect cavities in spatially ordered and disordered metamaterials (2013)

In this letter, we study metamaterials made out of resonant electric wires arranged on a spatial scale much smaller than the free space wavelength, and we show that they present a hybridization band that is insensible to positional disorder. We experimentally demonstrate defect cavities in disordered and ordered samples and prove that, analogous to those designed in photonic crystals, those cavities can present very high quality factors. In addition, we show that they display mode volumes much smaller than a wavelength cube, owing to the deep subwavelength nature of the unit cell. We underline that this type of structure can be shrunk down to a period close of a few skin depth. Our approach paves the way towards the confinement and manipulation of waves at deep subwavelength scales in both ordered and disordered metamaterials.
Ligand substitution reactions of metallothioneins with EDTA and apo-carbonic anhydrase. (1980)

The reactions of Zn-, Zn,Cd-, and Cd-thioneins with EDTA and apo-carbonic anhydrase have been studied. The ligand substitution reaction of zinc with EDTA is multiphasic, having both associative and dissociative components in the rate expression. The cadmium sites are about 2 orders of magnitude less reactive. In contrast, apo-carbonic anhydrase abstracts zinc from Zn-thionein and Zn,Cd-thionein in second-order processes that are 2-3 orders of magnitude more rapid than those involving EDTA and approach the rate for unligated Zn2+ with the apo-protein. In comparison with other zinc proteins, Zn-thionein contains unusually reactive metal sites, suggesting that this protein may be a physiological zinc transfer protein, able to donate zinc to zinc-requiring apo macromolecules.
Control System Design and Experimental Verification of a Self-Bearing Double-Stator Linear-Rotary Actuator (2021)

Integrated Linear Rotary Actuators (LiRAs) offer a compact solution which can achieve high dynamics when coupled linear and rotary motions are required. As a further step in integration, the LiRA can be equipped with Active Magnetic Bearings, which however requires a special winding configuration and feedback control of the magnetically levitated mover's position to operate. In this paper a control-oriented analysis of a Self-Bearing (SB) Double-Stator (DS) LiRA is conducted, providing an insight on simultaneous bearing force and torque generation and deriving an electromechanical dynamic model which is linearized and used to design a 6-DoF cascaded position control system. This is then implemented in hardware and verified, bringing a prototype of the SB DS LiRA into full operation, tracking a linear-rotary mission profile with radial deviations of the levitated mover's position below 75 μm.
Generating Diverse High-Fidelity Images with VQ-VAE-2 (2019)

We explore the use of Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoder (VQ-VAE) models for large scale image generation. To this end, we scale and enhance the autoregressive priors used in VQ-VAE to generate synthetic samples of much higher coherence and fidelity than possible before. We use simple feed-forward encoder and decoder networks, making our model an attractive candidate for applications where the encoding and/or decoding speed is critical. Additionally, VQ-VAE requires sampling an autoregressive model only in the compressed latent space, which is an order of magnitude faster than sampling in the pixel space, especially for large images. We demonstrate that a multi-scale hierarchical organization of VQ-VAE, augmented with powerful priors over the latent codes, is able to generate samples with quality that rivals that of state of the art Generative Adversarial Networks on multifaceted datasets such as ImageNet, while not suffering from GAN's known shortcomings such as mode collapse and lack of diversity.
Oxygenation of hypoxic region in solid tumor by administration of human serum albumin incorporating synthetic hemes (2002)

Recombinant human serum albumin incorporating synthetic heme (rHSA-FeP) was tested for its ability to increase O(2) tension in the hypoxia of the solid tumor rat model. By the direct administration of the rHSA-FeP solution (10 mL/kg) via the aorta descendens to the ascites hepatoma LY80 tumor on the right femur, the O(2) tension of the hypoxic region immediately increased to 3.45 +/- 1.43 Torr, which corresponds to a 2.4-fold increase compared to that of the baseline value. These high O(2) levels continued for 300 s after the infusion. The rHSA-FeP solution can be utilized not only as a red blood cell substitute but also as an O(2)-carrying medicine for the effective reoxygenation of the hypoxia solid tumor.
X-Ray crystal and molecular structure of cis(NN′), trans(OO′)-bis-(2-aminoethanolato)-cis-dichloroplatinum(IV) dihydrate. The relationship of anti-tumour activity to ring closure (1983)

The title complex has been characterised by 1H and 195Pt n.m.r. spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The arrangement around the PtIV atom is closely octahedral with bidentate 2-aminoethanolato rather than unidentate 2-aminoethanol ligands. This finding is discussed in relation to its unusually low anti-tumour activity.
Extension of the ONF Transport API to Enable Quantum Encryption in End-to-End Services (2019)

The ONF Transport API enables to support transport services like topology or connectivity setup for optical networks.We propose, implement and demonstrate extensions to enable Quantum Encryption in optical end-to-end services.
Gate Dielectric Leakage Reduction in Hard-Mask Defined and Dry-Etch Patterned Organic TFTs Devices (2021)

To control the parasitic conduction between devices, photolithography and dry etching of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), which utilize the gate metal as a hard-mask for organic semiconductor (OSC) patterning, are used. This study shows that the hard-mask patterning process results in a gate leakage current, which is attributed to the sidewall defects. The characteristic mechanisms of different leakage currents were studied to understand this behavior, including negative-bias temperature stress (NBTS) testing and measurements of devices with structural asymmetry. Additionally, an optimized structure design is proposed to suppress the leakage and increase the reliability of OTFTs. Such improvements are necessary for practical applications of OTFTs requiring small channel widths, such as displays and logic circuitry.
CD34+/CD38- stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia express Siglec-3 (CD33) and are responsive to the CD33-targeting drug gemtuzumab/ozogamicin (2011)

CD33 is expressed abundantly on immature CD34(+)/CD38(-) stem cells and may serve as a stem cell target in chronic myeloid leukemia.
Abstract 15903: “Out-Of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Clinical Trials, Relationship Between Clinical Trial Sample Size and the Odds Ratio of Treatment Effect 1978 to the Present" (2014)

Introduction: Randomized clinical trials (RCT) have been conducted in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) since at least 19709s. Despite significant effort toward development of clinical trial expertise in resuscitation research, positive trials have been rare. It is well recognized that large treatment effects in early, relatively small clinical trials are often not replicated in later large Phase III trials. Hypothesis: There is a negative relationship between sample size (SS) and the odds ration (OR) of treatment effect in OOHCA randomized clinical trials (RCT’s). Methods: Comprehensive online search for RCTs in OOHCA with n > 100 (control group n>50), 1960 to present with extraction of demographic, clinical and outcome variable and regression analysis of SS and OR of treatment effect. Results: n=72 usable RCTS were identified, all since 1978. There was a significant negative relationship between OR and SS (p Limitations: Retrospective methodology and background regional differences limits significance and applicability, hypothesis generating only. Conclusion: Similar to other clinical entities, OOHCA RCT’s may have a relationship between the OR of treatment effect and the study SS. This effect should be considered in the evaluation and development of new therapies.
On Computation Rates for Arithmetic Sum (2016)

For zero-error function computation over directed acyclic networks, existing upper and lower bounds on the computation capacity are known to be loose. In this work we consider the problem of computing the arithmetic sum over a specific directed acyclic network that is not a tree. We assume the sources to be i.i.d. Bernoulli with parameter $1/2$. Even in this simple setting, we demonstrate that upper bounding the computation rate is quite nontrivial. In particular, it requires us to consider variable length network codes and relate the upper bound to equivalently lower bounding the entropy of descriptions observed by the terminal conditioned on the function value. This lower bound is obtained by further lower bounding the entropy of a so-called \textit{clumpy distribution}. We also demonstrate an achievable scheme that uses variable length network codes and in-network compression.
Gonococcal lipooligosaccharide is a ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptor on human sperm (2000)

In the present study, we show that Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide (LOS) can bind to the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) on human sperm. This work demonstrates the presence of ASGP-R on human sperm. Binding of purified ASGP-R ligand decreased in the presence of gonococci. Binding of purified iodinated gonococcal LOS identified a protein of molecular weight corresponding to that of human ASGP-R. The presence of excess unlabelled LOS blocked binding of iodinated gonococcal LOS. Binding of wild-type gonococcal LOS to sperm was higher than that of mutant LOS lacking the galactose ligand for ASGP-R. These data suggest that the ASGP-R on human sperm cells recognizes and binds wild-type gonococcal LOS. This interaction may contribute to the transmission of gonorrhea from infected males to their sexual partners.
Modified MALDI MS fatty acid profiling for bacterial identification (2013)

Bacterial fatty acid profiling is a well-established technique for bacterial identification. Ten bacteria were analyzed using both positive- and negative-ion modes with a modified matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) approach using CaO as a matrix replacement (metal oxide laser ionization MS (MOLI MS)). The results show that reproducible lipid cleavage similar to thermal in situ tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide saponification/derivatization had occurred. Principal component analysis showed that replicates from each organism grouped in a unique space. Cross validation (CV) of spectra from both ionization modes resulted in greater than 94% validation of the data. When CV results were compared for the two ionization modes, negative-ion data produced a superior outcome. MOLI MS provides clinicians a rapid, reproducible and cost-effective bacterial diagnostic tool.
Curvature and Skew in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2018)

Curvature of recorded bit and skew are two factors limiting further improvement of the areal density capacity of heat-assisted magnetic recording. Performance degradation due to curvature and skew is evaluated using micromagnetic modeling and spin-stand measurements. Here, we propose two techniques for curvature reduction. One is a forked writer which can provide a cross-track magnetic field gradient that, combined with the thermal profile, mitigates the curvature of the recorded transitions. The other is a near-field transducer (NFT) design which can provide flat temperature contour at the write positions. The forked writer has practical limitations, such as short rise time requirement and insufficient field gradient, when it is integrated with NFTs. By comparing two types of NFT designs which providing curved and straight transitions, respectively, curvature is shown to be the main noise sources at certain track densities. Curvature reduction can provide more bit error rate gain for the same signal-to-noise ratio improvement. On the other hand, we also show that NFTs producing transitions with less curvature usually have the lower thermal gradient. Therefore, curvature and thermal gradient are two design targets that need to be balanced to provide the best recording performance. We also investigate the effect of recording skew on curvature at fixed linear velocity. At skew, the reader sees more curvature, which is one of the primary noise sources at non-zero skew. Consequently, the cross-track reader position should be optimized as a function of skew angle to reduce the effect of curvature.
Shin: Generalized Trust Propagation with Limited Evidence (2012)

Shin incorporates a probabilistic method for revising trust estimates in trustees, yielding higher prediction accuracy than traditional approaches that base trust exclusively on a series of referrals culminating with the trustee.
U‐PVC gelation level assessment, part 1: Comparison of different techniques (2006)

Abstract Several different gelation assessment methods such as differential scanning calorimetry, capillary rheometry, solvent absorption, wide angle x‐ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were applied to a typical PVC window profile formulation subjected to various thermomechanical histories. Shear applied during the process could be decomposed into two components: (i) a thermal component corresponding to the self‐heating that was generated and (ii) a “mechanical” component associated with a “pure” shearing action deprived of any thermal aspect. Shear sensitivity of the above‐mentioned gelation assessment techniques was evaluated by considering both aspects. Gelation levels established by differential scanning calorimetry and capillary rheometry were especially compared, thus allowing a comparison of the two physical aspects evidenced by each technique, i.e., crystallite melting and macromolecular network development. It appeared that as soon as the PVC particulate structure had been fragmented into micronic entities (primary particles) the gelation process was governed mainly by the thermal aspect, i.e., crystallite melting. J. VINYL. ADDIT. TECHNOL. 12:98–107, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Severe Thermomechanical Processing as an Effective Method for Preparation of Bulk and Sheet Nanostructured Semifinished Products from Nickel Alloys 718 and 718plus (2008)

The paper considers the scientific basis of a new methodological approach for processing bulk and sheet nanostructured semi-finished products from nickel base alloys 718 and 718Plus. This approach involves carrying out severe thermo-mechanical processing (STMP) using primarily schemes of multiple isothermal forging (or forging followed by rolling) at temperatures decreasing gradually from (0.9-0.8)T m to (0.6-0.5)T m . Such processing results in a step-by-step structure refinement: a coarse-grained macroduplex type structure transforms to a microduplex one (d=1-3m) and then to a nanoduplex structure (d=0.5-0.05m). The paper considers examples of production of complex profile turbine engines components from materials with a microduplex type structure and shows the possibility for applying semi-finished products with a nanoduplex type structure in advanced manufacturing procedures of pneumatic forming and pressure welding under low temperature superplasticity (LT SP) conditions.