gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring of Bioresorbable Polymers for Elaboration of Sugar-Functionalized Nanoparticles (2004)

Maleic copolymers with different contents of galactose moieties and dodecyl chains were synthesized and used as both a stabilizer and a surface coating for the preparation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles by the emulsification-diffusion technique. The size of the nanoparticles was controlled by varying the initial concentration of the modified maleic copolymers. As the concentration of the latter increased, the particle size decreased, indicating that the copolymers serve as a stabilizer. Moreover, surface modification of nanoparticles was confirmed by xi-potential measurements. Nanoparticles were also shown to be recognized by a galactose-specific lectin, demonstrating the presence of galactose units on the particle surface. This approach offers opportunities for the production of novel targeted drug delivery systems.
Mesenchymal stem cells as a vector for the inflammatory prostate microenvironment (2013)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have an inherent tropism for sites of inflammation, which are frequently present in sites of cancer, including prostatic lesions. MSCs have been defined as CD73/CD90/CD105 triple-positive cells in the absence of hematopoietic lineage markers with the ability to differentiate into multiple mesodermal lineages, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Our group has previously demonstrated that MSCs represent between 0.01 and 1.1% of the total cells present in human prostatectomy tissue. In addition to their multi-lineage differentiation potential, MSCs are immunoprivileged in nature and have a range of immunomodulatory effects on both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. MSCs have been detected in an increasing array of tissues, and evidence suggests that they are likely present in perivascular niches throughout the body. These observations suggest that MSCs represent critical mediators of the overall immune response during physiological homeostasis and likely contribute to pathophysiological conditions as well. Chronic inflammation has been suggested as an initiating event and progression factor in prostate carcinogenesis, a process in which the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs may play a role. MSCs have also been shown to influence malignant progression through a variety of other mechanisms, including effects on tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, survival, and metastasis. Additionally, human bone marrow-derived MSCs have been shown to traffic to human prostate cancer xenografts in immunocompromised murine hosts. The trafficking properties and immunoprivileged status of MSCs suggest that they can be exploited as an allogeneic cell-based vector to deliver cytotoxic or diagnostic agents for therapy.
Clonal amplification and maternal-infant transmission of nevirapine-resistant HIV-1 variants in breast milk following single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis (2013)

Abstract Background Intrapartum administration of single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) reduces perinatal HIV-1 transmission in resource-limiting settings by half. Yet this strategy has limited effect on subsequent breast milk transmission, making the case for new treatment approaches to extend maternal/infant antiretroviral prophylaxis through the period of lactation. Maternal and transmitted infant HIV-1 variants frequently develop NVP resistance mutations following sdNVP, complicating subsequent treatment/prophylaxis regimens. However, it is not clear whether NVP-resistant viruses are transmitted via breastfeeding or arise de novo in the infant. Findings We performed a detailed HIV genetic analysis using single genome sequencing to identify the origin of drug-resistant variants in an sdNVP-treated postnatally-transmitting mother-infant pair. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV sequences from the child revealed low-diversity variants indicating infection by a subtype C single transmitted/founder virus that shared full-length sequence identity with a clonally-amplified maternal breast milk virus variant harboring the K103N NVP resistance mutation. Conclusion In this mother/child pair, clonal amplification of maternal NVP-resistant HIV variants present in systemic and mammary gland compartments following intrapartum sdNVP represents one source of transmitted NVP-resistant variants that is responsible for the acquisition of drug resistant virus by the breastfeeding infant. This finding emphasizes the need for combination antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission.
Enhanced Competition at the Nano–Bio Interface Enables Comprehensive Characterization of Protein Corona Dynamics and Deep Coverage of Proteomes (2022)

Introducing engineered nanoparticles (NPs) into a biofluid such as blood plasma leads to the formation of a selective and reproducible protein corona at the particle-protein interface, driven by the relationship between protein-NP affinity and protein abundance. This enables scalable systems that leverage protein-nano interactions to overcome current limitations of deep plasma proteomics in large cohorts. Here the importance of the protein to NP-surface ratio (P/NP) is demonstrated and protein corona formation dynamics are modeled, which determine the competition between proteins for binding. Tuning the P/NP ratio significantly modulates the protein corona composition, enhancing depth and precision of a fully automated NP-based deep proteomic workflow (Proteograph). By increasing the binding competition on engineered NPs, 1.2-1.7× more proteins with 1% false discovery rate are identified on the surface of each NP, and up to 3× more proteins compared to a standard plasma proteomics workflow. Moreover, the data suggest P/NP plays a significant role in determining the in vivo fate of nanomaterials in biomedical applications. Together, the study showcases the importance of P/NP as a key design element for biomaterials and nanomedicine in vivo and as a powerful tuning strategy for accurate, large-scale NP-based deep proteomic studies.
Hepatic signaling by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) (2013)

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) exists in two complexes that regulate diverse cellular processes. mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), the canonical target of rapamycin, has been well studied, whereas the physiological role of mTORC2 remains relatively uncharacterized. In mice in which the mTORC2 component Rictor is deleted in liver [Rictor-knockout (RKO) mice], we used genomic and phosphoproteomic analyses to characterize the role of hepatic mTORC2 in vivo. Overnight food withdrawal followed by refeeding was used to activate mTOR signaling. Rapamycin was administered before refeeding to specify mTORC2-mediated events. Hepatic mTORC2 regulated a complex gene expression and post-translational network that affects intermediary metabolism, ribosomal biogenesis, and proteasomal biogenesis. Nearly all changes in genes related to intermediary metabolic regulation were replicated in cultured fetal hepatocytes, indicating a cell-autonomous effect of mTORC2 signaling. Phosphoproteomic profiling identified mTORC2-related signaling to 144 proteins, among which were metabolic enzymes and regulators. A reduction of p38 MAPK signaling in the RKO mice represents a link between our phosphoproteomic and gene expression results. We conclude that hepatic mTORC2 exerts a broad spectrum of biological effects under physiological conditions. Our findings provide a context for the development of targeted therapies to modulate mTORC2 signaling.
Yersinia enterocolitica endocarditis on a prosthetic valve (1992)

Yersinia entercolitica endocarditis has rarely been described before. This is the first report of prosthetic valve Yersinia enterocolitis endocarditis, complicated by infected brain embolization. The patient, however, completely recovered after 6 weeks of combined therapy with ceftriaxone and gentamicin.
A Visible‐Light‐Induced α‐H Chlorination of Alkylarenes with Inorganic Chloride under NanoAg@AgCl (2015)

An efficient, photocatalytic chlorination of alkylarene α-H groups using NaCl/HCl as a chlorine source has been developed, which involves a radical mechanism under visible-light (including sunlight) conditions. A chlorine radical is proposed to be formed by an electron transfer from chloride ion to O2 in air through the bandgap hole of the semiconductor AgCl. The chlorination protocol is characterized by its use of natural sunlight or other visible light, mild conditions, cheap source of chlorine, green solvent, and high selectivity. The yield of benzylchloride is 95% with a toluene conversion as high as 40%, which rivals traditional chlorination methods.
Systematic Bias Introduced by the Informed Consent Process in a Diagnostic Research Study (2008)

These data implicate the written, informed consent process as a significant source of bias on estimated disease prevalence.
High-Density and Fault-Tolerant Cu Atom Switch Technology Toward 28nm-node Nonvolatile Programmable Logic (2018)

Key device/circuit technologies for realizing a 28nm-node atom switch programmable logic (AS-PL) have been developed. An advanced polymer solid-electrolyte (PSE) reduces set voltage down to 1.6 V while ensuring ON-state and OFF-state reliabilities under current and voltage stress at 125°C. A fine-grain redundancy in a cross-bar array also contributes to reduce supply voltage by 6%. A routing-based wear leveling improves programming cycles by nine times. The developed technologies allow us to design the 28nm-node AS-PL with a 32% higher performance and 11% lower power.
An efficient synthesis of analogues of unsymmetrical archaeal tetraether glycolipids (1998)

Unsymmetrical tetraether analogues of glycolipids found in archaebacteria, possessing either two different carbohydrate units or a saccharidic moiety and a phosphate group as polar heads and a quasi-macrocyclic lipid core, are efficiently synthesized from versatile chiral building blocks.
Balanced Charge Carrier Transport Mediated by Quantum Dot Film Post-organization for Light-Emitting Diode Applications (2021)

In light-emitting diodes (LEDs), balanced electron and hole transport is of particular importance to achieve high rates of radiative recombination. Most quantum dot (QD)-based LEDs, however, employ infinitesimal core-shell QDs which inherently have different electron and hole mobilities. As QDs are the core building blocks of QD-LEDs, the inherent mobility difference in the core-shell QDs causes significantly unbalanced charge carrier transport, resulting in detrimental effects on performances of QD-LEDs. Herein, we introduce a post-chemical treatment to reconstruct the QD films through the solvent-mediated self-organization process. The treatment using various poly-alkyl alcohol groups enables QD ensembles to transform from disordered solid dispersion into an ordered superlattice and effectively modulate electron and hole mobilities, which leads to the balanced charge carrier transport. In particular, ethanol-treated QD films exhibit enhanced charge carrier lifetime and reduced hysteresis due to the balanced charge carrier transport, which is attributed to the preferential-facet-oriented QD post-organization. As a result, 63, 78, and 54% enhancements in the external quantum efficiency were observed in red, green, and blue QD-LEDs, respectively. These results are of fundamental importance to understand both solvent-mediated QD film reconstruction and the effect of balanced electron and hole transport in QD-LEDs.
Structural Differences in the Optic Nerve Head of Glaucoma Patients With and Without Disc Hemorrhages (2015)

Eyes with DH consistently displayed both structural features of more advanced glaucoma confirmed simultaneously on planimetry and SD-OCT, with concurrent VF deterioration.
Supplementary Figure Legends from <i>PARD3</i> Inactivation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Impairs STAT3 and Promotes Malignant Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 4 from Loss of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2 (TSC2) Is Frequent in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predicts Response to mTORC1 Inhibitor Everolimus (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Race distribution of HCC patients in EVOLVE-1 trial. Percentage of Caucasian, Asian and other race in different groups of EVOLVE-1 patients (A) and TSC2 IHC H-score ranges (B).&lt;/p&gt;
Role of PPAR‐γ in A2AAR‐mediated vascular relaxation in high salt‐fed mice (849.4) (2014)

High salt (HS)‐induced enhanced vascular response to adenosine is known to be mediated through adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) and cyp‐epoxygenase‐derived EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acid). The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism involved in A2AAR‐mediated vascular reactivity in HS‐fed mice using A2AAR‐/‐ and A2AAR+/+ mice. We hypothesized that HS‐induced enhanced A2AAR‐EETs‐mediated vascular relaxation is dependent on PPAR‐ɣ (Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma) in A2AAR+/+ mice and vascular contraction is dependent on less EETs in A2AAR‐/‐ mice. Organ bath and western blot studies were conducted with 4% (HS) and 0.18% NaCl (NS) diet fed A2AAR‐/‐ and A2AAR+/+ mice. A2AAR agonist, CGS‐21680, enhanced relaxation in HS‐A2AAR+/+ (+27.59 ± 4.7 vs. NS‐A2AAR+/+ +9.6 ± 7.6%), which was blocked by EET antagonist 14,15‐EEZE (1µM; ‐1.08 ± 2.95%) and PPAR‐ɣ antagonist T0070907 (0.1µM; 10.6 ± 1.84%, p&lt;0.05). HS‐A2AAR+/+ had increased expression of cyp2j5 and PPAR‐ɣ compared to NS‐A2AAR+/+. Interestingly, PPAR‐ɣ was downregulated in HS‐A2AAR‐/‐ compared to HS‐A2AAR+/+ mice. Adenosine analog NECA (1µM) produced relaxation (+12.09 ±4.4 %, p&lt;0.05) in HS‐A2AAR+/+ vs. contraction in HS‐A2AAR‐/‐ (‐57.29 ± 2.84%). NECA‐induced contraction in HS‐A2AAR‐/‐ was not affected by T0070907, but attenuated by the inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the enzyme that metabolizes EETs (AUDA; 10 µM; NS: ‐15.23 ± 3.41 and HS: ‐6.62 ± 1.24%, p&lt;0.05). Our data suggest that in A2AAR+/+ mice, HS enhances relaxation through A2AAR‐EETs via PPAR‐ɣ whereas, in A2AAR‐/‐ mice, HS promotes contraction through less availability of EETs and PPAR‐ɣ. Grant Funding Source : Supported by HL114559 to MAN, HL027339, HL094447 to SJM, GM31278 to JRF and z01‐ES025034 to DCZ
Meeting the challenge of reformulated gasoline (1993)

The need to include oxygenates in motor fuel in certain areas of the United States and the effect of government-mandated aromatics and endpoint reduction will dramatically change gasoline composition and processing technology. The refinery product that boils in the range of 350-450 F will be particularly difficult for a refiner to blend into gasoline if the gasoline endpoint or 90% point (T90) specifications are reduced. The UOP I-Forming process selectively cracks naphtha, kerosene, or both to generate high yields of isobutane. It can offer a cost-effective solution to some of the requirements of reformulated gasoline (RFG). Isobutane is used for the manufacture of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) (after dehydrogenation to isobutene) or the production of gasoline alkylate. This article describes reformulated gasoline; the I-Forming process; and process variables.
Treatment with Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide to a Conserved Sequence of Opioid Receptors Inhibits Antinociceptive Effects of Delta Subtype Selective Ligands (1995)

Previous work has suggested the existence of subtypes of the delta opioid receptor (DOR) which have been termed delta1 and delta2. [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin has been suggested to selectively elicit antinociception via the delta2 receptor while [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) is thought to act via the delta1 receptor. Treatment with an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (oligo) directed towards the N-terminal portion of the cloned DOR has been demonstrated to selectively inhibit the antinociceptive actions of [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin, but not of DPDPE, suggesting that the cloned DOR corresponds to that pharmacologically defined as delta2. Here, an antisense oligo (or a mismatch sequence) was designed to target a conserved region of the cloned mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor. These oligos were employed in order to determine whether the antinociceptive effects of [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin, as well as DPDPE, could be inhibited. The data indicate that the antinociceptive actions of both ligands were inhibited by treatment with this antisense, but not with the mismatch oligo. Taken together, the results of the treatments with oligos directed towards the N-terminal portion of the cloned DOR and with that directed to the conserved region of the opioid receptors suggest that (a) DPDPE effects are mediated by a subtype of the DOR which shares a domain common to the cloned opioid receptors, and (b) the N-terminal region differs between these putative DOR subtypes.
Statistical issues in the analysis of the array CGH data (2004)

The development of solid tumors is associated with acquisition of complex genetic alterations, indicating that failures in the mechanisms that maintain the integrity of the genome contribute to tumor evolution. Thus, one expects that the particular types of genomic derangement seen in tumors reflect underlying failures in maintenance of genetic stability, as well as selection for changes that provide growth advantage. In order to investigate genomic alterations we are using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). The computational task is to map and characterize the number and types of copy number alterations present in the tumors, and so define copy number phenotypes as well as to associate them with known biological markers. To utilize the spatial coherence between nearby clones, we use unsupervised Hidden Markov Models approach. The clones are partitioned into the states which represent underlying copy number of the group of clones. The method is demonstrated on the two cell line datasets with known copy number alterations for one of them. The biological conclusions drawn from the analyses are discussed.
Surfactant Induced Catastrophic Collapse of Carbon Black Suspension used in Flow Battery Application (2022)

Carbon black particles act as electronically conductive additives in the slurry electrodes used in electrochemical redox flow batteries. Stability and dispersion of the carbon black particles in a slurry electrode are critical parameters for its storage and the efficient functioning of the battery. Modifying the carbon black slurry formulation with the addition of a nonionic surfactant could potentially impart desired properties such as good particle dispersion, gravitational stability and flowability imparting better performance of the flow battery. Matching the typical slurry electrode formulation, we dispersed carbon black particles in 1 M H$_2$SO$_4$ with volume fraction $ϕ$ = 0.01 to 0.06 and c$_{surf.}$ = 0, 0.05 and 0.1 M. Rheological investigation reveals that the carbon black suspensions behave like colloidal gels. Sedimentation kinetics of the process was measured by tracking the height of the particle bed over time in a cuvette using a custom camera set-up. The sedimentation dynamics here clearly resembled that of a gel collapse. At short times we observe fast sedimentation associated with structural collapse of the gel and at long times very slow sedimentation associated with compaction of the sediment. Addition of a nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) to the solvent above CMC at $α$ (= c$_{surf.}$/c$_{CB}$) $&lt;$ 0.7 improves particle dispersion and increases gel elasticity. However, for $α&gt;$ 0.7 leads to the formation of a weaker gel that exhibits 'catastrophic collapse' under gravity and has a lower viscosity.
Studies towards the synthesis of teleocidins (1990)

child of five would understand this.Somebody send for a child of five!' Groucho Marx (Duck Soup 1933)
Supplementary Figure 1 from Therapeutic Efficacy of an Fc-Enhanced TCR-like Antibody to the Intracellular WT1 Oncoprotein (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 78KB, ESKM has a modified Fc glycosylation pattern, altering binding to FcgammaRs but not to the RMF/A2 target. Where applicable, data points are averages of each group, and error bars represent SEM. (A) Comparison of the oligosaccharide profile of ESK1 and ESKM. Peak assignment is based on the retention time and the monosaccharide composition analysis. G# indicates the number of terminal galactoses, F indicates presence of core fucose, Hex5GlcNAc2 denotes (GlcNAc)2 core with terminal Hexose 5 glycan structure (terminating in mannose and/or glucose). (B-C) Representative binding curves of ESK1 and ESKM against human FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIIa, FcgammaRIIb, FcgammaRIIIa - 158V, FcgammaRIIIa -158F, and FcRn (B), and mouse FcgammaRIIb and FcgammaRIV (C). (D) 125 I-labeled ESK1 and ESKM mAbs were titrated against JMN cells. All curves were fit with a non-linear single-site total binding saturation curve, and Kd was calculated using Prism software.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and characterization of polyamphoteric hydrogel membrane based on chitosan (2004)

Abstract Polyamphoteric hydrogel membranes were synthesized by graft copolymerization of N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) onto chitosan (CS). The incorporation of poly(NIPAm) (PNIPAm) and poly(AMPS) (PAMPS) into CS was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The swelling behavior of membranes as a function of pH, temperature, and ionic strength was studied. Permeability of solutes through these membranes was investigated at different temperatures. The results showed the dual sensitivity of membranes toward pH and temperature. The formation of the polyelectrolyte complex between CS and PAMPS showed influence on the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAm. The permeabilities of solutes through these membranes were strongly dependent on the size of solutes, solution temperature, and hydrophilicity of the membranes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1454–1461, 2004
Room temperature nonlinear ballistic nanodevices for logic applications (2010)

Ballistic transport appears when the size of electronic devices is reduced below the electron mean free path. By using latest fabrication techniques and proper material system, the ballistic behavior can be achieved in nano-scale devices even at room temperature (RT). Song has presented a ballistic rectifier which demonstrates the nonlinear transport at RT. However, the functionality of this device was constraint to rectification only. Using this well established theory, and to extend the functionality beyond rectification, our group proposed a novel device in which we added two in-plane strategically placed gates as shown in SEM image. This led to formation of ballistic deflector transistor (BDT). In BDT, without biasing the lateral gates, we replicated the rectifying behavior, certifying the presence of non-linear effect at RT.
Regeneration of rat sciatic nerve across a LactoSorb bioresorbable conduit with interposed short-segment nerve grafts (2003)

The results indicate that a conduit made of resorbable material will support sciatic nerve regeneration over a critical gap defect.
Optical Technologies in Support of 5G (2017)

Increased traffic in 5G networks is supported by passive optical networks between base band units and remote radio heads. Wavelength control is centralized at the optical line termination. Various network architectures, partly allowing protection, are reported.