gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Deletion After Bone Marrow Transplantation with Costimulatory Blockade Has Features of Both Activation-Induced Cell Death and Passive Cell Death (2001)

Two major pathways of death of previously activated T cells have been described: activation-induced cell death can be triggered by restimulating activated T cells with high concentrations of Ag, is Fas-dependent, is not influenced by proteins of the Bcl family, and is blocked by cyclosporin A; in contrast, passive cell death is induced by the withdrawal of growth factors and activation stimuli, is Fas-independent, and is blocked by Bcl family proteins. We examined the role of these two forms of cell death in the peripheral deletion of donor-reactive host T cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and costimulatory blockade with anti-CD154 plus CTLA4Ig in two murine models. The substantial decline in donor-reactive CD4 cells seen in wild-type recipients 1 wk after bone marrow transplantation with costimulatory blockade was largely inhibited in Fas-deficient recipients and in Bcl-x(L)-transgenic recipients. We observed these effects both in a model involving low-dose total body irradiation and a conventional dose of bone marrow, and in a radiation-free regimen using high-dose bone marrow transplantation. Furthermore, cyclosporin A did not completely block the deletion of donor-reactive CD4(+) T cells in recipients of bone marrow transplantation with costimulatory blockade. Thus, the deletion of donor-reactive T cells occurring early after bone marrow transplantation with costimulatory blockade has features of both activation-induced cell death and passive cell death. Furthermore, these in vivo data demonstrate for the first time the significance of in vitro results indicating that proteins of the Bcl family can prevent Fas-mediated apoptosis under certain circumstances.
Effects of adsorption properties and mechanical agitation of two detergent cellulases towards cotton cellulose (2012)

The impacts of two hybrid cloned commercial cellulases designed for detergency on cotton fibres were compared. HiCel45 has a family 45 catalytic domain and a fungal cellulose binding module (CBM) from the fungus Humicola insolens. BaCel5 has a family 5 catalytic domain and a fungal CBM from Bacillus spp. BaCel5 bound irreversibly to cellulose under the buffer conditions tested while HiCel45 was found to bind reversibly to cellulose because it showed low adsorption. BaCel5 seems to yield more activity towards cotton than HiCel45 under mild stirring conditions, but under strong mechanical agitation both enzymes produce similar amount of sugars. HiCel45 had a more progressive production of residual reducing ends on the fabric than BaCel5. These studies seem to indicate that HiCel45 is a more cooperative enzyme with detergent processes where high mechanical agitation is needed.
Technical Aspects of Extracorporeal Ultrafiltration: Mechanisms, Monitoring and Dedicated Technology (2010)

Fluid overload may occur in patients with heart failure. Further complications may arise when cardiorenal syndromes develop and the kidneys are unable to eliminate the accumulated fluid. Diuretics represent the fist line of treatment, although in some case they may be ineffective or even dangerous for the patient. In these conditions, extracorporeal ultrafiltration may be required. Extracorporeal ultrafiltration can be performed continuously or intermittently, using dedicated machines. The goal is to remove the right amount of fluid without causing hemodynamic instability or further ischemia to the kidneys. For this purpose, special technologies are available and they can be utilized in combination to prevent iatrogenic complications. First of all, a complete analysis of heart and kidney function should be carried out. Then, an evaluation of biomarkers of heart failure and a careful analysis of body fluid composition by bioimpedance vector analysis should be carried out to establish the level of hydration and to guide fluid removal strategies. Last but not least, an adequate extracorporeal technique should be employed to remove excess fluid. Preference should be given to continuous forms of ultrafiltration (slow continuous ultrafiltration, continuous venovenous hemofiltration); these techniques guided by a continuous monitoring of circulating blood volume allow for an adequate restoration of body fluid composition minimizing hemodynamic complications and worsening of renal function especially during episodes of acute decompensated heart failure.
Supplemental Figure 2 from A Systematic Analysis Reveals Heterogeneous Changes in the Endocytic Activities of Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2: Relationship between endocytic activity and total surface expression of receptors.&lt;/p&gt;
Adaptive lobster-eye hard x-ray telescope with high-angular resolution and wide field of view (2007)

High-resolution, wide-field-of-view hard X-ray telescopes are essential for detecting and studying cosmic sources in the 10-100 keV photon energy band, which are typically inaccessible to conventional Wolter I X-ray telescopes. To focus such high-energy photons, we developed special Lobster-Eye optics consisting of multiple reflective channels with square cross sections, which are formed by intersecting two sets of semiconductor-grade gold-coated flat silicon elements. Reflective channels with square cross sections The presented hard X-ray Lobster-Eye telescope lens designed for the 10-80 keV energy band consists of approximately 100 channels in both the horizontal and the vertical directions, with the angle between the adjacent plates being less than 1'. An array of such lenses, in which the orientation of each lens is independently controlled, can be used as an adaptive X-ray focusing device capable of changing its imaging properties depending on the user-selected mode. In the wide-angle operation, the individual lenses are aligned toward a common center to form a lobster-eye lens with a large (~2&deg;) field of view, which would be suitable for monitoring stellar or galactic X-ray bursts. For observing a specific event, the telescope can be switched to the high-sensitivity mode by aligning the axes of the individual lenses in parallel so that they are all pointing to the region of interest, effectively adding up the effective areas of individual lenses (up to ~1600 cm<sup>2</sup> at 40 keV). In the paper we will discuss the system performance simulations and the experimental results using initial prototype Lobster-Eye lenses.
Clinical and microbiological effects of sustained release chlorhexidine in periodontal pockets (1986)

Previous studies have shown that a 3-day exposure of the pocket flora to the sustained release of chlorhexidine significantly reduced the relative numbers of spirochetes and motile rods in periodontal pockets to negligible amounts. By 14 days post-treatment, their numbers had returned to pre-treatment levels. The present study extended the exposure time of the pocket flora to the sustained release of chlorhexidine in an attempt to prolong the suppression of the microbial flora for a clinically significant period of time. Clinical parameters were also studied. Sustained release devices (SRD) were inserted into 13 pockets from 8 patients. Pocket depth ranged between 5 and 8 mm. The SRD's were replaced every 3 days to give a total exposure of 9 days. Plaque index (PlI), bleeding on probing and pocket depth were measured, and bacterial samples taken for dark field microscopy and anaerobic culture. There was a marked decrease in the relative proportions of spirochetes and motile rods and the total anaerobic count post-treatment. Pocket depth was reduced in all 13 pockets. These results indicate that a prolonged exposure to chlorhexidine suppresses the pocket flora to negligible amounts and reduces pocket depth for up to 11 weeks post-treatment.
Punctured space-time trellis codes preserving diversity gain (2003)

Punctured space-time trellis codes (STTCs) that preserve the diversity gain for short error sequences are derived. The rate 4/3 and 8/7 punctured STTCs achieve a two-level diversity gain for a frame size of 16, which require 1.3 and 0.7 dB more power to attain the same frame error rate compared with the STTC without puncturing.
Implementation of displacement field fitting for calculating 3D myocardial deformations from parallel-tagged MR images (2002)

The utility of using a displacement field fitting approach to reconstruct 3D myocardial deformations from sets of parallel-tagged MR images has been demonstrated (W.G. O'Dell et al., 1994). The authors' present goal is to implement the field fitting algorithm efficiently on real heart data. A cascade of fitting steps is used: a first order global cartesian fit, followed by an n-th order global prolate spheroidal fit, followed by a local prolate spheroidal fit around each pre-selected test point. Local deformation gradient and strain tensors are then computed by taking directional derivatives of the displacement field at each test point. On a normal human volunteer, the standard deviation of error of the fitting model to the raw tag point displacement data was /spl sim/0.3 mm. Projections of representative image slices following each stage in the cascade provide a graphical validation of the technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Epigenetic alteration of Wnt pathway antagonists in progressive glandular neoplasia of the lung (2008)

These results show that gene silencing of Wnt antagonists by promoter hypermethylation occurs during the earliest stages of glandular neoplasia of the lung and accumulates with progression toward malignancy.
Synthesis of New d-Propoxyphene Derivatives and the Development of a Microparticle-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Propoxyphene and Norpropoxyphene (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionSynthesis of New d-Propoxyphene Derivatives and the Development of a Microparticle-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of Propoxyphene and NorpropoxypheneRobert S. Wu, A. J. McNally, Ian A. Pitcher, and Salvatore J. SalamoneCite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 1998, 9, 3, 413Publication Date (Web):March 20, 1998Publication History Published online20 March 1998Published inissue 1 May 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/bc9702009Copyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (10 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Immunoassays,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Cellulose Nanofibers as Rheology Modifiers and Enhancers of Carbonization Efficiency in Polyacrylonitrile (2017)

The energy requirements for the production of high quality carbon fiber and other carbon-based materials made by carbonization is a key factor limiting the commercial application of these materials. With the aim of enhancing the carbonization efficiency, we have prepared polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based precursor materials doped with high aspect-ratio cellulose nanofibers (CNF) derived from Australian spinifex grass (T. pungens). This was achieved by systematically investigating the rheology and electrospinning properties of composite fibers of PAN and CNF prepared at various CNF concentration levels and subsequently stabilized and carbonized. The carbon properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Upon carbonization, the incorporation of CNF into the PAN precursor led to changes in the crystallite and graphitic structure of the carbon materials, and these changes found to be closely related to the CNF concentration. CNF loadings of 0.5–2 wt % resulted in spinnable solutions with well-ordered carbon structures exhibiting a reduced Raman D/G ratio and an increased [002] band intensity by XRD. These spinifex CNF additives highlight a new approach for enhancing the energy efficiency of the carbonization process for PAN-based precursors.
Abstract 1779: Bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 inhibits cholangiocarcinoma tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft models (2015)

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal malignancy of the biliary epithelium that can arise in any part of the biliary tree. Surgery is the only curative treatment for CCA, but only ∼30% of patients present with resectable disease. The remaining 70% of patients present with advanced or metastatic disease and, if eligible, undergo systemic chemotherapy with the first-line combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin. This combination was shown in a phase II clinical trial to significantly increase median survival from 8.1 to 11.7 months, compared to gemcitabine alone. In order to improve on current treatment, pre-clinical evaluation of novel therapeutics is essential to improving outcome. Unfortunately, the paucity of data describing characteristics common to CCA make development of targeted therapy difficult. However, as is true for other types of solid tumors, c-Myc expression likely contributes to CCA phenotype: c-Myc expression has been observed in 95% of CCA tumors, and experimental down-regulation of c-Myc decreases the invasive potential of CCA cells in vitro. Recently it has become possible to inhibit expression of c-Myc using BET inhibitors. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of the bromodomain (BET) inhibitor JQ1 using in vivo models of CCA. The five patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of CCA that we developed are the first such models to be reported. These models retain the heterogeneity, architecture and specific genetic characteristics of the primary tumors from which they were derived. We used three of these models to examine whether the BET inhibitor JQ1 inhibited CCA tumor growth and generated expression profiles of vehicle- and drug-treated tumors. We administered 50 mg/kg of JQ1 i.p. daily for 20 days and monitored tumor growth. This treatment regimen was well tolerated by tumor-bearing mice, without apparent toxicity. Our data demonstrate that JQ1 suppressed tumor growth in two of the three models, compared to vehicle control treated mice. The data also showed that JQ1-treated tumors had lower levels of c-Myc RNA (↓5-fold) and protein and of RNA encoding multiple transcriptional targets downstream of this oncogenic transcription factor. We conclude that BET inhibitors such as JQ1 warrant further investigation as potentially effective drugs for the treatment of CCA. Citation Format: Patrick L. Garcia, Aubrey L. Miller, Kelly Kreitzburg, Tracy L. Gamblin, Leona N. Council, John D. Christein, Pablo Arnoletti, Marty Heslin, Sushanth Reddy, Joseph H. Richardson, Eddy S. Yang, Jun Qi, James E. Bradner, Karina J. Yoon. Bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 inhibits cholangiocarcinoma tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1779. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1779
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY BENEFITS WITH VSC DC-TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS (2004)

The power system is dependent of a stable and reliable control of active and reactive power to keep its integrity. Loosing this control may lead to a system collapse. Voltage Source Converter transmission system technology such as HVDC Light™ has the advantage of being able to almost instantly change its working point within its capability curve. This can be used to support the grid with the best mixture of active and reactive power during stressed conditions. In many cases is a mix of active and reactive power the best solution compared to active or reactive power only. VSC transmission systems can therefore give added support to the grid. Some small 'text-book' grid examples are used to show that for asynchronous infeed, active power modulation damp ~4 times better than reactive power modulation and that local loadability can increase with ~2 times installed converter MVA size. In a parallel case where the VSC transmission system is connected in parallel with the AC system, the VSC transmission system can damp ~2-3 times better than reactive shunt compensation and increase loadability ~1.5 times installed MVA converter size. The benefits with a VSC transmission system during a grid restoration can be considerable since it can control voltage and stabilize frequency when active power is available in the remote end. The frequency control is then not limited in the same way as a conventional power plant where boiler dynamics may limit the operation during a grid restoration.
Genomewide gain-of-function genetic screen identifies functionally active genes in mouse embryonic stem cells (2006)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells hold great promise for the future of medicine. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that control ES cell self-renewal and differentiation, a comprehensive knowledge of the molecules involved in these processes is required. Here we describe an effective approach for genomewide identification of functionally active genes in ES cells. This approach combines genetic screens based on cDNA libraries with microarray detection methods to permit high-throughput functional analyses. We implement this strategy to identify genes whose overexpression can maintain phenotypic properties of undifferentiated mouse ES cells under differentiation-inducing conditions, specifically in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor. The identified genes encode a variety of regulatory proteins whose function in ES cells was previously unknown. Moreover, our approach is capable of detecting genes whose overexpression promote differentiation or cell death. Overall, our studies establish a methodology for highly sensitive identification of genes that confer particular phenotypes on ES cells.
Constructing Database Systems in a Persistent Environment (1987)

The goal of the Persistent Programming Research Group is the provision of an environment which incorporates the principle of orthogonal persistence in order to facilitate the production of large and complex software. A database management system constitutes such software and in this paper we show how a persistent store assists in the construction of such a system. We show that a small number of features in a simple persistent programming language enable efficient implementations of various data models to be built quickly. The paper surveys three attempts to provide database programs using PS-algol. In the first, the implementation of a single interface system is greatly aided by persistence. The second shows how it is possible to provide software which includes a multiplicity of interfaces and a multiplicity of underlying data models. Finally we present a novel approach which makes use of runtime compilation to create efficient storage structures tailored to the application. These experiments represent the early development of a methodology for choosing an appropriate mixture of static and dynamic binding when using persistent programming languages.
NEUTRALIZING HUMAN ANTIBODIES TO HIV-1 FROM COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES (1995)

Ditzel, Henrik; Binley, James; Parren, Paul; Barbas, Carlos III; Burton, Dennis Author Information
THE IMPORTANCE OF LARGE ANIMAL MODELS FOR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING (2011)

The translation of bone tissue engineering (BTE) research to clinical use has been absymal1. Outside of bone void filler biomaterials, only Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) has made significant inroads to clinical practice, and even BMP2 use has been associated with significant complications including death, dysphagia, and ectopic bone formation. The dearth of BTE products can be attributed to two main causes: (1) the need to develop BTE systems, that successfully integrate scaffolds, growth factors like BMP2 and cells and (2) the need to adapt and implement such systems for a wide variety of clinical indications in CranioMaxilloFacial (CMF), Spine and Orthopedic Surgery. Of course, to fully develop BTE systems (Issue 1) and adapt them to realistic clinical indications, we must be able to test such systems in bone defects that are as close to the human situation as possible. Thus, the use of domestic large animals for bone tissue engineering is critical, as these animals provide challenges in both defect volume and functional loading that can mimic the human situation. In addition, FDA approval for BTE products either through a 510K or IDE/IND/PMA pathway requires the use of a large pre-clinical animal model. However, despite this need, only approximately 60 large animal bone tissue-engineering studies have been published in the past 10 years. Furthermore, NIH has funded only 8% of these studies, and of the 17 bone tissue engineering studies supported by NIH in 2010, only three utilized a large animal model, and none of these used an animal larger than a rabbit. Clearly, increased translation and regulatory approval of BTE therapies will require greater testing in large animal models. We will discuss the current dearth of relevant pre-clinical studies in BTE, and present our work addressing these issues by developing BTE systems (integrated scaffold, growth factor and stem-cell constructs) and testing these systems for realistic clinical applications using the Yorkshire and other swine species as a large pre-clinical animal model. We will detail our work in developing BTE systems for CMF reconstruction and spine fusion in the swine model. Reference Hollister S. J. and Murphy W. L. Scaffold translation: barriers between concept and clinic. Tissue Eng. B. (in press).
Polymer‐supported Olefin Metathesis Catalysts for Organic and Combinatorial Synthesis (2003)

Introduction The First Polymer-supported Ru Catalyst for Olefin Metathesis Homogeneous Catalysis through Heterogeneous Ru Carbenes Recyclable Monomers Act through a ′Release/Return′ Mechanism The First Carbene-tethered Polymeric Catalyst A Poly(ethylene glycol)-based Catalyst with Solvent-dependent Solubility Dendrimers as Recyclable Metathesis Catalysts Synthesis and Metathesis Activity of Ru-based Carbosilane Dendrimers Evidence for Ru Release and Return During Olefin Metathesis Dendrimer Microfiltration: A New but Underdeveloped Strategy for Catalyst Recovery A Recent Approach to Permanent Immobilization of a Ru-based Catalyst A PS-supported Ru Catalyst with Unsaturated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligation A New Recyclable Catalyst Based on the Bidentate Styrene Ether Alternative Solid Supports Expand the Scope of Existing Catalyst Systems A Comparative Study of Three Poly-DVB-supported Ru Carbenes A Wang-supported Styrene Ether Catalyst for Stereoselective Cross Metathesis Easily Recyclable Ru Catalysts for Combinatorial Synthesis The First Supported Chiral Metathesis Catalyst Conclusions and Future Outlook References