gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Supramolecular Homochirality: Enantiopure Perfluorocarbon Rotamers and Halogen‐Bonded Fluorous Double Helices (2006)

Der Natur abgeschaut: Durch Metallionenkoordination und I⋅⋅⋅I-Halogenbrücken wird die Selbstorganisation achiraler Ausgangsverbindungen (ein Calix[4]arentetraamid, BaI2⋅2 H2O und 1,8-Diiodperfluoroctan) in einen homochiralen supramolekularen Komplex bewirkt, der Doppelhelices enthält (siehe Struktur; Ba hellviolett, I violett, F grün, O rot, N blau, C grau; eine Doppelhelix in Rot und Gelb).
Achieving Ultra-Low Latency in 5G Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks (2016)

The IMT 2020 requirements of 20 Gbps peak data rate and 1 millisecond latency present significant engineering challenges for the design of 5G cellular systems. Use of the millimeter wave (mmWave) bands above 10 GHz --- where vast quantities of spectrum are available --- is a promising 5G candidate that may be able to rise to the occasion. However, while the mmWave bands can support massive peak data rates, delivering these data rates on end-to-end service while maintaining reliability and ultra-low latency performance will require rethinking all layers of the protocol stack. This papers surveys some of the challenges and possible solutions for delivering end-to-end, reliable, ultra-low latency services in mmWave cellular systems in terms of the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, congestion control and core network architecture.
100Gb/s DPSK-3ASK Modulation Format for Metro Networks: Experimental Results (2009)

We assembled an experimental setup to investigate the optical signal characteristics of a multi-level 100Gb/s modulation format that demonstrates the possibility to be a low-cost option for higher speed interfaces in metro networks. The modulation format which we are naming DPSK-3ASK is comprised of phase-shift keying as well as amplitude-shift keying to produce 2.5bits/symbol. This encoding allows the system to be realizable with 40Gb/s components. To generate the three amplitude levels for the ASK modulation, we use a 40Gb/s bit-error ratio tester and a multiple-path RF line to drive a commonly available 40Gb/s modulator which is biased at the quadrature of its transfer function. We place a second 40Gb/s modulator biased at the null of its transfer function for phase modulation. We detect the six symbols in this modulation format by first using an optical splitter to direct the signal to two separated paths: an ASK path comprising of a single photo-detector for direct detection, and a PSK path that utilizes a delay-line interferometer followed by a balanced detectors. We measure the bit error rate for the two ASK eyes and for the PSK eye, as well as show the noise tolerance of the modulation format by coupling amplified spontaneous emission noise together with the signal. We discuss practical challenges with the setup, and list possible solutions.
System design of time-of-flight range camera for car park assist and backup application (2008)

External sensing applications in automobiles are enabled by Microsystems that can sense and analyze 3D environment. In this paper, we describe the system design of a time-of-flight (TOF) 3D range camera for parking assist and backup application. The camera operates based on measuring the time delay of modulated infrared light from an active emitter, using a single detector chip fabricated on standard CMOS process. The system analysis approach involves a step-by-step process that maps the application requirements to a series of camera design decisions producing the specification for a camera solution that is optimized for size, cost, power and application performance. The analysis process uses the empirical and theoretical performance properties of a 3D TOF sensor and the camera optics. It defines the profile of an optimal light source that delivers the necessary depth resolution for the given volume of interest in the application.
Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy for Imaging of Live Cell Adhesion (2013)

Photonic Crystal Enhanced Microscopy is a new label-free cell imaging technique quantifying cell-surface interactions with high spatial resolution for observation of intracellular gradients in cell adhesion strength that occur during adhesion, chemotaxis, differentiation and apoptosis.
Morphological and Biochemical Changes in Neurons: Apoptosis versus Mitosis (1996)

Apoptosis and mitosis are often thought to share certain morphological similarities and therefore to be regulated by similar sets of enzymes. In this study, the Golgi apparatus and nuclear lamina were examined in PC12 cells and rat superior cervical ganglion neurons undergoing apoptosis in response to withdrawal of nerve growth factor or addition of staurosporine. We found that the Golgi apparatus disperses during apoptosis, without obvious degradation, in a manner similar to that occurring in mitosis. In contrast, the nuclear lamina did not become completely solubilized during apoptosis, as occurs in mitosis, but remained as a distinct structure around the nucleus, although some degradation of nuclear lamins was seen. To assess the integrity of the nuclear envelope, fluorescent probes were introduced into the cytoplasm of live and dying cells. High molecular weight tracers were still excluded from the nuclei of apoptotic cells, demonstrating the continued existence of a functional nuclear barrier. These data suggest, therefore, that cell death is unlikely to occur simply as a result of inappropriate activation of cell cycle enzymes.
A hybrid MAC protocol with channel-dependent optimized scheduling for clustered underwater acoustic sensor networks (2013)

We propose a novel optimal time slot allocation scheme for clustered underwater acoustic sensor networks that leverages physical (PHY) layer information to minimize the energy consumption due to unnecessary retransmissions thereby improving network lifetime and throughput. To reduce the overhead and the computational complexity, we employ a two-phase approach where: (i) each member node takes a selfish decision on the number of time slots it needs during the next intra-cluster cycle by solving a Markov decision process (MDP), and (ii) the cluster head optimizes the scheduling decision based on the channel quality and an urgency factor. To conserve energy, we use a hybrid medium access scheme, i.e., time division multiple access (TDMA) for the intra-cluster communication phase and carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) for the cluster head-sink communication phase. The proposed MAC protocol is implemented and tested on a real underwater acoustic testbed using SM-75 acoustic modems by Teledyne Benthos. Simulations illustrate an improvement in network lifetime. Additionally, simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheduling scheme with urgency factor achieves a throughput increase of 28% and improves the reliability by up to 25% as compared to the scheduling scheme that neither use MDP nor optimization. Furthermore, testbed experiments show an improvement in throughput by up to 10% along with an improvement in reliability.
MR-based FoV Extension in Whole-Body MR/PET Using Continuous Table Move (2012)

In whole-body MR/PET attenuation correction, an MR-based FoV extension is of emerging interest. However, gradient nonlinearities and B0 inhomogeneities often hamper an accurate spatial encoding at the edges of large FoVs. Recently, we proposed a method to axially extend the FoV by determining an optimal readout gradient field which locally compensates B0 inhomogeneities and gradient nonlinearities. In this work a combination of the mentioned axial FoV extension and Continuous Table Movement is presented. In experiments on volunteers a significant distortion reduction has been achieved at off-center positions of up to 300 mm off from the iso-center.
Modeling Amantadine Treatment of Inuenza A Virus In Vitro (2021)

We analyzed the dynamics of an influenza A/Albany/1/98 (H3N2) viral infection, using a set of mathematical models highlighting the differences between in vivo and in vitro infection. For example, we found that including virion loss due to cell entry was critical for the in vitro model but not for the in vivo model. Experiments were performed on influenza virus-infected MDCK cells in vitro inside a hollow-fiber (HF) system, which was used to continuously deliver the drug amantadine. The HF system captures the dynamics of an influenza infection, and is a controlled environment for producing experimental data which lend themselves well to mathematical modeling. The parameter estimates obtained from fitting our mathematical models to the HF experimental data are consistent with those obtained earlier for a primary infection in a human model. We found that influenza A/Albany/1/98 (H3N2) virions under normal experimental conditions at 37°C rapidly lose infectivity with a half-life of ~ 6.6 ± 0.2 h, and that the lifespan of productively infected MDCK cells is ~ 13 h. Finally, using our models we estimated that the maximum efficacy of amantadine in blocking viral infection is ~ 74%, and showed that this low maximum efficacy is likely due to the rapid development of drug resistance.
Global Sequence Protocol: A Robust Abstraction for Replicated Shared State (2015)

In the age of cloud-connected mobile devices, users want responsive apps that read and write shared data everywhere, at all times, even if network connections are slow or unavailable. The solution is to replicate data and propagate updates asynchronously. Unfortunately, such mechanisms are notoriously difficult to understand, explain, and implement. To address these challenges, we present GSP (global sequence protocol), an operational model for replicated shared data. GSP is simple and abstract enough to serve as a mental reference model, and offers fine control over the asynchronous update propagation (update transactions, strong synchronization). It abstracts the data model and thus applies both to simple key-value stores, and complex structured data. We then show how to implement GSP robustly on a client-server architecture (masking silent client crashes, server crash-recovery failures, and arbitrary network failures) and efficiently (transmitting and storing minimal information by reducing update sequences).
MO‐A‐12A‐01: Joint Imaging Education – Quantitative Imaging Symposium: Genomics and Image‐Omics for Medical Physicists (2014)

With the growth of quantitative imaging and quantitative image analysis, image‐based biomarkers (i.e. image‐based phenotypes) are becoming potential descriptors in personalized medicine, as well as in cancer discovery and neuroscience research. Thus, there is a need to understand (i) the quantitation and standardization involved with image‐based phenotypes and (ii) the aspects of datamining and association studies involved in “conventional” phenotype‐genotype studies. Imaging scientists and genomic scientists need to be able to speak the same language in this common era of Big Data. Learning Objectives: Understand what are image‐based phenotypes and their potential medical significance. Appreciate the complexity of Big Data. Learn about genetic association studies.
Progress in Cr and Fe doped ZnS/Se mid-IR CW and femtosecond lasers (2017)

This paper summarizes recent improvements of output characteristics of polycrystalline Cr:ZnS/Se master oscillators in Kerr-Lens-Mode-Locked regime. We developed a flexible design of femtosecond polycrystalline Cr:ZnS and Cr:ZnSe lasers and amplifiers in the spectral range 2–3 &mu;m. We obtained few-optical-cycle pulses with multi-Watt average power in very broad range of repetition rates 0.08–1.2 GHz. We also report on efficient nonlinear frequency conversion directly in the polycrystalline gain elements of ultra-fast lasers and amplifiers. In this work we also report on recent progress in spinning ring gain element technology and report to the best of our knowledge the highest output power of 9.2 W Fe:ZnSe laser operating in CW regime at 4150nm.
Conceptual Design Optimization With Economic Uncertainty: An Application to Interactions Between Designers and Airlines (2014)

Many engineering problems involve interactions between multiple decisions makers, or stakeholders, each with their own objectives and uncertainties. Considering these interactions during design optimization allows us to account for new sources of uncertainty, which we refer to as economic uncertainty. In this paper, we consider an application of optimization considering interactions between aircraft designers and airlines based on the design of a commercial transport aircraft wing. We consider that the aircraft designer makes their design decisions first, and therefore must predict the reaction of the airline. We focus on the effect of two economic uncertainties: uncertainty that would normally only affect the airline and uncertainty due to asymmetric information, or errors in the designers’ understanding of the airlines’ preferences. We find that these uncertainties play a significant role in the optimal decisions by both airlines and designers. We also show that asymmetric information may actually be beneficial for both stakeholders in certain cases, where both players benefit from the aircraft designer underestimating the operating costs of the airline.
Performance comparison of MF and MMSE combined iterative soft interference canceller and V-BLAST technique in MIMO/OFDM systems (2003)

This paper proposes a complexity reduced iterative soft interference canceller (ISIC) to realize broadband mobile transmission in MIMO/OFDM systems and compares its performance with the V-BLAST technique. In the proposed scheme, we apply a minimum mean square error (MMSE) filter only in the first iteration and utilize a matched filter (MF) in the second and later iterations to reduce computational complexity by suppressing residual interference in the first iteration. Computer simulation results confirm that the proposed ISIC can achieve almost equal performance to the MMSE-based ISIC with multiplications reduced by 85 % and outperforms the V-BLAST receiver by about 2 dB in four transmit and receive antennas systems under exponentially distributed twelve path conditions.
The Spatial Distribution of Copper in Individual Human Hairs (1976)

Abstract Studies of the trace element content of human hair are of interest from several points of view. Since trace elements enter hair from the environment; either directly or via the diet, their concentration in hair may represent an indicator of environmental quality [1–3]. Further, since hair samples are fairly durable, those secured in an historical or archeological context may provide environmental information from times past [4]. Erratum to this paper appears in 21(2).
Fabrication of 65-nm Holes for 157-nm Lithography (2004)

We investigated the use of hole shrink processes along with a bilayer process as a fine-hole-pattern replication technique for 157-nm lithography. A siloxane-type resist and an organic underlayer were used in the bilayer process. The lithographic resolution limit was 90 nm in diameter with a 0.85-numerical-aperture 157-nm microstepper using an attenuated phase-shift mask. Using the bilayer process, we successfully transferred 85-nm-diameter hole patterns in the resist into a 400-nm-thick tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) layer. A thermal flow process and the Resolution Enhancement Lithography Assisted by Chemical Shrink (RELACS) process were used as the hole shrink processes to enhance the resolution. The 120-nm-diameter hole patterns in the resist were shrunk to 80 nm by the thermal flow process and to 65 nm by the RELACS process. In the RELACS process, the diameters of the shrunk hole were less dependent on the hole pitch than in the thermal flow process.
Real-Time Energy-Efficient Control for Fully Electric Vehicles Based on an Explicit Model Predictive Control Method (2018)

With zero emissions and high energy efficiency, the fully electric vehicle (FEV) is universally becoming more popular. However, limited driving range is one of the primary weaknesses of FEVs. Recently, with the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems, various types of traffic information are available to the vehicle control system, and energy-efficient control of FEVs can be realized based on this information to further extend the total driving range. In this paper, the movement of a preceding vehicle is predicted within each control horizon with vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication technology, and a better understanding of the future movement of preceding vehicles is established. An explicit model predictive control (EMPC) method is developed to realize real-time control, with the objective of reducing driving energy consumption while maintaining a suitable distance between the preceding vehicles. Dynamic driving simulator is utilized to collect driving data and showcase the effectiveness of the EMPC method. Simulation results show that the proposed real-time control method improves driving energy efficiency in most scenarios and better energy saving results can be observed.
Rational Metareasoning and Compilation for Optimizing Decisions Under Bounded Resources (2006)

Several years ago, our research group initiated a project to investigate the use of decision theory as a framework for reasoning about the design and operation of ideal agents under bounded resources.
Magnetic Sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond (2018)

www.thalesgroup.com Magnetic Sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond LUDOVIC MAYER, THIERRY DEBUISSCHERT, THALES RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY ALEXANDRE TALLAIRE, JOCELYN ACHARD, LSPM, CNRS, UNIV. PARIS 13 ; SEBASTIEN PEZZAGNA, JAN MEIJER, UNIVERSITY LEIPZIG ; LOIC TORAILLE, MARGARITA LESIK, LOIC RONDIN, JEAN- FRANCOIS ROCH, LABORATOIRE AIME COTTON This document may not be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated, in any way, in whole or in part or disclosed to a third party without the prior written consent of Thales - © Thales 2017 All rights reserved. Ref. : xxxx-xxxxxxxxxx - date Thales Research & Technology France Template trtp version 8,0,1 / template : 87211168-GRP-EN-003 2 NV centers in diamond • Motivations  Atom-like defect in diamond  solid-state, room temperature  Nanometer scale resolution  Spin with long coherence time  Optical polarization and read-out • General purpose sensor:  Magnetic field  Electric field  Temperature  Pressure Pezzagna et al., New Journal of Physics, 13 (2011) 025014 This document may not be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated, in any way, in whole or in part or disclosed to a t
Re: Anisamide-Targeted Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery to Prostate Tumours in Mice (2013)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Jul 2013Re: Anisamide-Targeted Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery to Prostate Tumours in Mice Anthony AtalaM.D. Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2013.03.098AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Anisamide-Targeted Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery to Prostate Tumours in Mice." The Journal of Urology, 190(1), p. 357 © 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 190Issue 1July 2013Page: 357Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2013 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Efficient Object Detection and Segmentation for Fine-Grained Recognition (2013)

We propose a detection and segmentation algorithm for the purposes of fine-grained recognition. The algorithm first detects low-level regions that could potentially belong to the object and then performs a full-object segmentation through propagation. Apart from segmenting the object, we can also `zoom in' on the object, i.e. center it, normalize it for scale, and thus discount the effects of the background. We then show that combining this with a state-of-the-art classification algorithm leads to significant improvements in performance especially for datasets which are considered particularly hard for recognition, e.g. birds species. The proposed algorithm is much more efficient than other known methods in similar scenarios. Our method is also simpler and we apply it here to different classes of objects, e.g. birds, flowers, cats and dogs. We tested the algorithm on a number of benchmark datasets for fine-grained categorization. It outperforms all the known state-of-the-art methods on these datasets, sometimes by as much as 11%. It improves the performance of our baseline algorithm by 3-4%, consistently on all datasets. We also observed more than a 4% improvement in the recognition performance on a challenging large-scale flower dataset, containing 578 species of flowers and 250,000 images.
Buried in the Middle but Guilty: Intronic Mutations in the TCIRG1 Gene Cause Human Autosomal Recessive Osteopetrosis (2015)

Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) is a rare genetic bone disease with genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity, sometimes translating into delayed diagnosis and treatment. In particular, cases of intermediate severity often constitute a diagnostic challenge and represent good candidates for exome sequencing. Here, we describe the tortuous path to identification of the molecular defect in two siblings, in which osteopetrosis diagnosed in early childhood followed a milder course, allowing them to reach the adult age in relatively good conditions with no specific therapy. No clearly pathogenic mutation was identified either with standard amplification and resequencing protocols or with exome sequencing analysis. While evaluating the possible impact of a 3'UTR variant on the TCIRG1 expression, we found a novel single nucleotide change buried in the middle of intron 15 of the TCIRG1 gene, about 150 nucleotides away from the closest canonical splice site. By sequencing a number of independent cDNA clones covering exons 14 to 17, we demonstrated that this mutation reduced splicing efficiency but did not completely abrogate the production of the normal transcript. Prompted by this finding, we sequenced the same genomic region in 33 patients from our unresolved ARO cohort and found three additional novel single nucleotide changes in a similar location and with a predicted disruptive effect on splicing, further confirmed in one of them at the transcript level. Overall, we identified an intronic region in TCIRG1 that seems to be particularly prone to splicing mutations, allowing the production of a small amount of protein sufficient to reduce the severity of the phenotype usually associated with TCIRG1 defects. On this basis, we would recommend including TCIRG1 not only in the molecular work-up of severe infantile osteopetrosis but also in intermediate cases and carefully evaluating the possible effects of intronic changes.
Mode-multiplexed transmission over a 184-km DGD-compensated few-mode fiber span (2012)

We transmitted 5 wavelength channels and 6 spatial-and polarization modes over a 184 km long hybrid span few-mode fiber span. Low-loss 3-spot mode couplers are used in combination with backward pumped distributed Raman amplification. The 40-Gbit/s QPSK signals with an aggregate line-rate of 1.2 Tbit/s were recovered by coherent multiple-input-multiple-output off-line digital signal processing.