gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lossless and lossy coding for multispectral image based on sRGB standard and residual components (2011)

In this paper, we present a multispectral image (MSI) compression method using a lossless and lossy coding scheme, which focuses on the seamless coding of the RGB bit stream to enhance the usability of the MSI. The proposed method divides the MSI data into two components: RGB and residual. The RGB component is extracted from the MSI by using the XYZ color matching functions, a color conversion matrix, and a gamma curve. The original MSI is estimated by an RGB data encoder and the difference between the original and the estimated MSI, which is referred to as the residual component in this paper. Next, the RGB and residual components are encoded by using JPEG2000, and progressive decoding is achieved from the losslessly encoded code stream. Experimental results show that a high-quality RGB image can be obtained at a low bit rate with primary encoding of the RGB component. In addition, by using the proposed method, the quality of a spectrum can be improved by decoding the residual data, and the quality is comparable to that obtained by using JPEG2000. The lossless compression ratio obtained by using this method is also similar to that obtained by using JPEG2000 with the integer Karhunen-Loeve transform.
Effect of matrix anisotropy on the apparent emitter orientation in Organic LED (2018)

Spontaneously aligning emitter molecules can improve the external efficiency of OLED devices and have been reported for different types of emitters doped into suitable hosts. Similar to the morphological alignment of the active molecules, a birefringence of the host affects the apparent emitter orientation. In order to investigate this effect experimentally, Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> is co-evaporated into the emitting layer of OLED using hosts with different birefringence properties. Analyzing the electroluminescence emission patterns quantitatively reveals the apparent orientation distribution of the emitters. The results emphasize that host birefringence can be used to suppress perpendicular emitter contributions while amplifying the impact of the horizontal dipoles, thus leading to an enhanced forward emission.
Highly Non-Planar Dendritic Porphyrin for pH Sensing: Observation of Porphyrin Monocation (2010)

Metal-free porphyrin-dendrimers provide a convenient platform for the construction of membrane-impermeable ratiometric probes for pH measurements in compartmentalized biological systems. In all previously reported molecules, electrostatic stabilization (shielding) of the core porphyrin by peripheral negative charges (carboxylates) was required to shift the intrinsically low porphyrin protonation pK(a)'s into the physiological pH range (pH 6-8). However, binding of metal cations (e.g., K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+)) by the carboxylate groups on the dendrimer could affect the protonation behavior of such probes in biological environments. Here we present a dendritic pH nanoprobe based on a highly non-planar tetraaryltetracyclohexenoporphyrin (Ar(4)TCHP), whose intrinsic protonation pK(a)'s are significantly higher than those of regular tetraarylporphyrins, thereby eliminating the need for electrostatic core shielding. The porphyrin was modified with eight Newkome-type dendrons and PEGylated at the periphery, rendering a neutral water-soluble probe (TCHpH), suitable for measurements in the physiological pH range. The protonation of TCHpH could be followed by absorption (e.g., ε(Soret)(dication)∼270,000 M(-1) cm(-1)) or by fluorescence. Unlike most tetraarylporphyrins, TCHpH is protonated in two distinct steps (pK(a)'s 7.8 and 6.0). In the region between the pK(a)'s, an intermediate species with a well-defined spectroscopic signature, presumably a TCHpH monocation, could be observed in the mixture. The performance of TCHpH was evaluated by pH gradient measurements in large unilamellar vesicles. The probe was retained inside the vesicles and did not pass through and/or interact with vesicle membranes, proving useful for quantification of proton transport across phospholipid bilayers. To interpret the protonation behavior of TCHpH we developed a model relating structural changes on the porphyrin macrocycle upon protonation to its basicity. The model was validated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed on a planar and non-planar porphyrin, making it possible to rationalize higher protonation pK(a)'s of non-planar porphyrins as well as the easier observation of their monocations.
Analysis of Mechanical Properties in Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites (2020)

셀룰로오스는 식물 세포벽의 기본 구조 성분으로 자연에서 추출할 수 있는 가장 풍부한 천연고분자이다. 셀룰로오스는 열분해성 및 생분해성이 뛰어나며 가벼운 무게 대비 높은 기계적 물성을 나타내는 특성으로 인해, 고분자-셀룰로오스 복합체를 통해 자동차 경량화 소재, 신발, 코팅 및 건축용 소재 등의 다양한 산업 분야에 적용하기 위한 연구가 널리 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 가볍고 신축성이 좋은 열가소성 폴리우레탄(TPU)의 낮은 기계적 강도를 증가시키고 미세 플라스틱에 의한 환경오염을 방지하기 위해 미세결정 셀룰로오스(MCC)를 보강재로 사용하여 친환경 복합체를 제조하고자 한다. 사용된 MCC의 사이즈는 입도 분석기(PSA)로 측정 시 88.4 μm로 측정되었으며 TPU의 우레탄기와 MCC의 수산기 사이의 수소결합을 통한 상호작용은 적외선 분광분석(FTIR)을 통해 확인했다. 열중량분석(TGA)을 통해 열안정성을 측정한 결과 MCC의 열안정성이 낮기 때문에 TPU-MCC 복합체의 MCC 함량이 증가할수록 열안정성은 감소함을 나타냈다. 주사전자현미경(SEM) 측정결과 0.5 wt% 함량에서는 MCC가 매트릭스 내부에 골고루 분산된 모습이 관찰되었으나 1wt% 이상의 함량에서는 응집이 발생하는 현상을 관찰했다. 만능재료시험기(UTM) 측정 결과 0.5 wt%와 같은 소량의 MCC 함량 첨가는 인장강도 12.7%, 연신율 36.7%, 그리고 인성 25.9%가 증가함을 확인했지만 1 wt% 이상의 MCC 함량에서는 기계적 물성이 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 결론적으로 보강재를 소량 첨가함으로써 매트릭스 물질의 기계적 물성을 증가시킬 수 있음을 확인했다.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Olefin Complexation by Silver Salts in Solution (1999)

Complex formation between 1-hexene and silver salts in chloroform solution has been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Silver tetrafluoroborate, AgBF4, and silver triflate, AgCF3SO3, form 1:2 Ag+:1-hexene complexes in solution. The olefinic CC vibrational stretching frequency at 1640 cm-1 in 1-hexene shifts to approximately 1580 cm-1 upon complexation with these silver salts. Silver trifluoroacetate, AgCF3CO2, exhibits limited complexation and silver nitrate, AgNO3, exhibits no measurable complexation. Salts with the larger BF4- and CF3SO3- anions have a much stronger tendency to form complexes than those with the smaller NO3- and CF3CO2- anions. The tendency of these salts to form complexes in solution was most strongly correlated with anion size and was not well-correlated with measures of anion-donor electron density or softness parameter. The effect of ether-containing compounds, such as triethylene glycol (TEG) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), on the silver−olefin interaction in chloroform solution was also studied. The formation of a silver ion−ether oxygen−olefin complex is consistent with the data. For TEG added to a solution of AgBF4 and 1-hexene in chloroform, there are approximately 2.5 oxygens per silver ion in the complex. For PEG added to a solution of silver triflate and 1-hexene in chloroform, there are approximately 1.8 oxygens per silver ion.
The use of colloidal quantum dots on focal plane arrays for optical communications (2012)

A well-known use of focal plane arrays is to obtain an image of a scene in various photonic bands- most commonly in the visible and infrared domains. Recent developments in colloidal quantum dot technology allow utilization of thin nano-crystals films in conjunction with detector arrays to sensitize detection outside the conventional bands. For example, downshifting PbS quantum dots have been recently demonstrated to produce an image in the UV and VIS bands using SWIR focal planes. In this paper we discuss our results as well as approaches to extend these sensitized focal planes into another mission, UV wireless communications, to achieve a dual-use capability for a conventional imager.
Microscopic Discrete Proliferating Components Cause the Self-Organized Emergence of Macroscopic Adaptive Features in Biological Systems (2000)

We study the emergence of the collective spatio-temporal macroscopic properties of the immune system, by representing individually the elementary interactions between its microscopic components (antibodies, antigens, cytokines). The results of this detailed explicit analysis are compared with the traditional procedure of averaging over individuals and representing the collective dynamics in terms of densities that obey partial differential equations (PDE). The simulations show even for very simple elementary reactions the spontaneous emergence of localized complex structures. In turn the effective dynamics of these structures affects the average behavior of the system in a very decisive way: systems which would according to the differential equations approximation die, display in reality a very lively behavior. Our conclusions are supported both by explicit microscopic simulations and by analytic calculations. As the optimal method we propose a mixture of microscopic simulation (MS) systems describing each reaction separately, and average methods describing the average behavior of the agents.
Harnessing endophenotypes and network medicine for Alzheimer's drug repurposing (2020)

Following two decades of more than 400 clinical trials centered on the "one drug, one target, one disease" paradigm, there is still no effective disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The inherent complexity of AD may challenge this reductionist strategy. Recent observations and advances in network medicine further indicate that AD likely shares common underlying mechanisms and intermediate pathophenotypes, or endophenotypes, with other diseases. In this review, we consider AD pathobiology, disease comorbidity, pleiotropy, and therapeutic development, and construct relevant endophenotype networks to guide future therapeutic development. Specifically, we discuss six main endophenotype hypotheses in AD: amyloidosis, tauopathy, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular dysfunction, and lysosomal dysfunction. We further consider how this endophenotype network framework can provide advances in computational and experimental strategies for drug-repurposing and identification of new candidate therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from or at risk for AD. We highlight new opportunities for endophenotype-informed, drug discovery in AD, by exploiting multi-omics data. Integration of genomics, transcriptomics, radiomics, pharmacogenomics, and interactomics (protein-protein interactions) are essential for successful drug discovery. We describe experimental technologies for AD drug discovery including human induced pluripotent stem cells, transgenic mouse/rat models, and population-based retrospective case-control studies that may be integrated with multi-omics in a network medicine methodology. In summary, endophenotype-based network medicine methodologies will promote AD therapeutic development that will optimize the usefulness of available data and support deep phenotyping of the patient heterogeneity for personalized medicine in AD.
Active optics in deployable systems for future earth observation and science missions (2021)

This paper describes the outcomes of a study funded by the European Space Agency aimed at identifying the technical challenges and trade-offs at the system level, performing preliminary designs of an active correction loop for large deployable telescopes, and defining technological roadmaps for the development of the active correction loop for the selected designs. This study has targeted two very different application cases, one for High Resolution Earth Observation from Geostationary orbit (called GeoHR, with a 4m diameter entrance pupil) and one for Science missions requiring very large telescopes (with a up to 18 m diameter entrance pupil) with high-contrast imaging capabilities for exo-Earth observations and characterization. For both application cases, this paper first summarizes the mission objectives and constraints that have influence on the telescope designs. It then presents the high-level trade-offs that have been led and the optical and mechanical design that have been developed, including the deployable aspects. Finally, the performance assessment is presented, and is the basis for the justification of an active optics correction chain, with a preliminary set of requirements for typical components of the system. The presentation is concluded with proposed technological roadmaps that aim to allow the development of the building blocks on which the next generation instruments will be able to rely on.
Supplementary Table 4 from Cyclin G1 Is a Target of miR-122a, a MicroRNA Frequently Down-regulated in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Cyclin G1 Is a Target of miR-122a, a MicroRNA Frequently Down-regulated in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Synthesis and characterization of the major component of alamethicin (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of the major component of alamethicinT. M. Balasubramanian, Nancy C. E. Kendrick, Melissa Taylor, Garland R. Marshall, James E. Hall, Igor Vodyanoy, and Fritz ReusserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 20, 6127–6132Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00410a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00410a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The ClC-2 Chloride Channel Activator, Lubiprostone, Improves Intestinal Barrier Function in Biopsies from Crohn’s Disease but Not Ulcerative Colitis Patients (2023)

The prostone analog, lubiprostone, is approved to manage constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Lubiprostone also protects intestinal mucosal barrier function in animal models of colitis. The aim of this study was to determine if lubiprostone improves barrier properties in isolated colonic biopsies from Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Sigmoid colon biopsies from healthy subjects, CD and UC patients in remission, and CD patients with active disease were mounted in Ussing chambers. Tissues were treated with lubiprostone or vehicle to determine the effects on transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), FITC-dextran 4kD (FD4) permeability, and electrogenic ion transport responses to forskolin and carbachol. Localization of the tight junction protein, occludin, was determined by immunofluorescence. Lubiprostone significantly increased ion transport across control, CD and UC remission biopsies but not active CD. Lubiprostone selectively improved TER in both CD remission and active disease biopsies but not in control or UC biopsies. The improved TER was associated with increased membrane localization of occludin. Lubiprostone selectively improved barrier properties of biopsies from CD patients vs. UC and independent of an ion transport response. These data indicate that lubiprostone has potential efficacy in improving mucosal integrity in Crohn's disease.
Performing bitwise logic operations in cache using spintronics-based magnetic tunnel junctions (2011)

Recent exciting developments in the emerging field of spintronics have enabled rapid advances in spintronic devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). While MTJs are being primarily used as the basic devices in non-volatile memory, they have also been shown to accomplish primitive logic functions. However, the spintronic nature of the logic operation makes it challenging to accomplish tasks such as cascading of logic gates, operations on multiple outputs, and various combinations of these. In order to enable these primary functions, we propose the idea of adding interconnections between MTJ devices in a spintronic memory array. With this added connectivity, we show that the memory array gains the ability to perform bitwise logic operations on the data stored within it without intermediate computing circuits. We demonstrate that the basic logic operations of NAND, AND, OR and XOR operations can be performed in the memory array using the memory devices themselves. We describe the algorithms for performing the logic operations in memory and introduce the notion of a 'footprint' to compare the complexities of the operations in terms of their memory usage, data requirements and time steps. Taking into account the minimum interconnection requirements of these logic functions, we propose the design of a general spintronic logic-in-cache block and demonstrate the ADD function with it.
Quantum noise limits in white-light-cavity-enhanced gravitational wave detectors (2015)

Previously, we had proposed a gravitational wave detector that incorporates the white-light-cavity (WLC) effect using a compound cavity for signal recycling (CC-SR). Here, we first use an idealized model for the negative dispersion medium (NDM) and use the so-called Caves model for a phase-insensitive linear amplifier to account for the quantum noise (QN) contributed by the NDM, in order to determine the upper bound of the enhancement in the sensitivity-bandwidth product. We calculate the quantum noise limited sensitivity curves for the CC-SR design, and find that the broadening of sensitivity predicted by the classical analysis is also present in these curves, but is somewhat reduced. Furthermore, we find that the curves always stay above the standard quantum limit. To circumvent this limitation, we modify the dispersion to compensate the nonlinear phase variation produced by the optomechanical resonance effects. We find that the upper bound of the factor by which the sensitivity-bandwidth product is increased, compared to the highest-sensitivity result predicted by Bunanno and Chen [Phys. Rev. D 64, 042006 (2001)], is $\ensuremath{\sim}14$. We also present a simpler scheme (WLC-SR), where a dispersion medium is inserted into the SR cavity. For this scheme, we found the upper bound of the enhancement factor to be $\ensuremath{\sim}18$. We then consider an explicit system for realizing the NDM, which makes use of five energy levels in M configuration to produce gain, accompanied by electromagnetically induced transparency (the GEIT system). For this explicit system, we employ the rigorous approach based on Master Equation to compute the QN contributed by the NDM, thus enabling us to determine the enhancement in the sensitivity-bandwidth product definitively rather than the upper bound thereof. Specifically, we identify a set of parameters for which the sensitivity-bandwidth product is enhanced by a factor of 17.66.
EURObservational Research Programme: A Worldwide Registry on Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in Conjunction with the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on PPCM (2014)

The EURObservational Research Programme will allow a comparison of women from around the world, from different ethnic backgrounds, presenting with PPCM and will report on their 6 month and 12 month outcomes. The study aims to include 1000 patients and follow them for 1 year. New centres volunteering to participate in the study will be welcomed.
Efficient simulation technique to compute effective properties of heterogeneous media (1989)

We present a new simulation technique to ‘‘exactly’’ yield effective transport properties of disordered heterogeneous media in which the transport process is governed by a steady-state diffusion equation. Hence, the algorithm, which is based upon simulating the Brownian motion of a diffusing particle, can be applied to determine the effective electrical and thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, magnetic permeability, diffusion coefficient associated with flow past fixed obstacles, and the trapping rate associated with diffusion-controlled reactions among sinks. The simulation method is shown to have a very fast execution time. The technique is illustrated by computing the trapping rate associated with diffusion-controlled reactions; it is demonstrated to have an execution time that is at least an order of magnitude faster than previous simulation methodologies.
PDGF-C Is a Proinflammatory Cytokine that Mediates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Drug intake is known to be under the influence of social context. We have recently shown that presence of a peer influences drug intake in both rats and humans. Whether or not social acoustic communications between the peers play a role during cocaine or sucrose self-administration (SA) was investigated here, using playback of ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) at 50- and 22-kHz, conveying respectively positive and negative internal affective states in adult rats. To assess the neurobiological substrate of a potential USV influence on drug and food intake, we tested the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) lesions, given its role in emotional and motivational processes. In sham-control rats, playback of USV associated with positive affective states induced long-term decreased cocaine consumption, while USV associated with negative affective states induced short-term increase. Interestingly, no effect of USV playback was observed on sucrose intake, whatever the frequency. STN lesions abolished the influence of USV on cocaine intake, highlighting the influence of STN in emotional processes induced by USV emitted by a peer. These results show how acoustic social communication is important to regulate drug intake in rats and how STN modulation could interfere with addiction processes.
Study on Transient Liquid Insert Metal Diffusion Bonding of Ni-base Superalloys(Part 7). Bonding Mechanism in Transient Liquid Insert Metal Diffusion Bonding Using Alloying Powder. (1991)

This paper was concerned with mechanism of isothermal solidification process on Transient Liquid Insert Metal Diffusion Bonding of Ni-base superalloys using Ni-base alloying powder. MM007 and IN100 alloys were used for base metals. IN 100 powder sheets were inserted between specimens with MBF-80 insert metal and then specimens were heated up at bonding temperatures of 1398 K.Content of liquid phase among alloying powders decreased with the lapse of bonding time. On the contrary, content of borides on dendrite boundary in alloying powders increased with the lapse of bonding time. Thermal analysis of mixed alloys with IN 100 and MBF-80 showed the possibility of crystalizing of borides in alloying powders during isothermal solidification process.It was believed concerning with the mechanism of isothermal solidification process that boron in liquid phase was consumed due to boride crystalizing in alloying powder and subsequently solid phase growth occurred in liquid phase.