gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence coherence tomography (2006)

In this paper, we introduce a new form of cross-sectional, coherence-gated fluorescence imaging, which we term 'spectral-domain fluorescence coherence tomography' (SD-FCT). SD-FCT is accomplished by spectrally detecting self-interference of the spontaneous emission of fluorophores located along the axial (depth) dimension of the sample. We have built a first generation SD-FCT system that utilizes two opposing low numerical-aperture objective lenses in an interferometer and an imaging spectrometer for detecting self-interference of fluorescence emitted from a sample. Here, in proof-of-principle experiments we demonstrate cross-sectional profiling of layered fluorescence phantoms. Narrow (a few micrometers FWHM) axial point-spread functions, large ranging depths (a few hundreds of micrometers) and wide fields of view (>1 mm) were measured. Initial results suggest that SD-FCT may be a viable tool for the investigation of semi-transparent and selectively labeled fluorescent samples.
Fabrication of ZnSe:Te by Hot Pressing Techniques (2010)

We have recently fabricated tellurium-doped zinc selenide (ZnSe:Te) in a robust optical ceramic form, in the first synthesis of this remarkable material from a precursor powder, using powder consolidation techniques. We utilized two techniques in particular-hot uniaxial and hot isostatic pressing-in order to achieve the desired physical and chemical properties, and we are continuing our efforts to refine processing methodologies and parameters to improve this material's physical characteristics and performance. ZnSe:Te promises major advances in radiation imaging and spectroscopy applications with its potentially higher brightness than current scintillators such as CsI:Tl and NaI:Tl, fast emission (~3 μs and ~40 μs), negligible afterglow (<;0.05% at 6 ms), above-average density (> 5.2 g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), and light emission in the visible range (610-650 nm). This paper will describe our fabrication methods and report our preliminary performance characterization results.
Cancer‐Related urinary proteinase inhibitor, EDC1: A new method for its isolation and evidence for multiple forms (1992)

During the past several years, numerous laboratories have reported isolation and purification of proteinase inhibitors from human urine. Many of these molecules were incompletely characterized and some of them may have been artifacts in part because of harsh procedures used for their isolation. Consequently, there is disagreement and confusion regarding the biochemical characteristics of these inhibitors. We previously reported the isolation of a proteinase inhibitor, EDC1, from the urine of a leukemic patient. This molecule, M(r) 30 kDa, was antigenically related to plasma inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IATI) and inhibited the growth of a virally transformed B cell line. Immunoreactive EDC1 was also the major component of low molecular weight proteinuria observed in cancer patients. We now report a new method for the isolation of EDC1 from urine of patients with adenocarcinomas of colon and lung and melanoma and compare its partial amino acid sequence with that of HI 30, a proteinase inhibitor previously isolated from pooled normal urine by Hochstrasser et al. [Hoppe-Seyler's Z Physiol Chem 357:153-162, 1976]. Our method involves i) a batchwise cation exchange, ii) gel filtration chromatography, iii) anion exchange chromatography on FPLC, and iv) reverse phase C18 chromatography on HPLC. This method is mild and results in an overall yield of 0.4 to 1.2 mg of EDC1/liter urine. On the basis of the partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of its N terminal (38 residues) and middle regions (29 residues), EDC1 appears to be identical with HI30. Surprisingly, during this isolation procedure, another proteinase inhibitor, M(r) 22 kDa, which cross-reacted with antisera to EDC1 and IATI, was also isolated. The 22 kDa molecule was a major component of the IATI related urinary molecules and was identical with the 30 kDa EDC1 in which first the 15 N terminal residues were clipped. The lower M(r) inhibitor was not an artifact formed during storage or isolation procedure because the Western blot analysis of fresh cancer and normal urine revealed the 30 and 22 kDa molecules. Thus, both the 30 kDa EDC1 (or HI30) and its clipped variant, the 22 kDa molecule, are physiologic components of IATI related urinary proteinase inhibitors and excretion of both forms may be increased in patients with advanced cancer.
Tissue-Specific and Glucose-Dependent Expression of Receptor Genes for Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) (1997)

Both glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) play an important role in the regulation of nutrient homeostasis. In this study, the tissue distributions of the expression of receptor genes for glucagon and GLP-1 were examined. Expression of glucagon receptor gene was detected in liver, kidney, ileum and pancreatic islets but not in brain. In contrast, expression of GLP-1 receptor gene was detected in brain, pancreas and pancreatic islets but not in liver, kidney, or ileum. To investigate the existence and characteristics of glucagon and GLP-1 receptors on pancreatic beta cells, expression of the receptor genes and translational regulation of the expression of the receptor genes by glucose were analyzed in a mouse pancreatic beta cell line, MIN6 cells. In the cDNA pool of MIN6 cells, both glucagon and GLP-1 receptor genes were identified and showed higher expression level in MIN6 cells cultured under high glucose condition than in those cultured under low glucose condition. These results suggest that glucagon and GLP-1 receptor genes are expressed in pancreatic beta cells and their expression is upregulated by glucose.
RSV Infection in Human Macrophages Promotes CXCL10/IP-10 Expression during Bacterial Co-Infection (2017)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a major etiologic agent of acute lower respiratory infection constitutes the most important cause of death in young children worldwide. Viral/bacterial mixed infections are related to severity of respiratory inflammatory diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We have previously investigated the intracellular mechanisms that mediate the immune response in the context of influenza virus/<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (<i>Sp</i>) co-infection using a model of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Here, we set up and characterized a similar model of MDMs to investigate different scenarios of RSV infection and co-infection with <i>Sp</i>. Our results suggest that <i>Sp</i> contributes to a faster and possibly higher level of CXCL10/IP-10 expression induced by RSV infection in human MDMs.
Ultrathin Transparent Nanobrick Wall Anticorrosion Coatings (2018)

It is important to find environmentally friendly replacements for chromate conversion coatings (CCCs) that are effective anticorrosion layers. In this work, high corrosion resistance is demonstrated with ultrathin (and transparent) multilayer coatings deposited on an aluminum alloy. Cationic polyurethane (PU) and anionic vermiculite clay (VMT) multilayer films were deposited from aqueous solutions using layer-by-layer assembly. The combination of relatively hydrophobic polyurethane and highly aligned clay platelets leads to excellent barrier properties for the PU/VMT coating in an aqueous environment. A 30 bilayer PU/VMT coating, with a thickness of only 300 nm, provides 2 orders of magnitude improvement in impedance and imparts corrosion protection for 5 days. Another advantage of this unique coating system is that no surface treatments are required prior to coating due to the strong adhesion of polyelectrolytes to the metal. The work demonstrates the use of novel LbL assembled nanocoatings as a potential replacement for chromate conversion pretreatments.
Diffusion of Benzene and Propylene in MCM-22 Zeolite. A Molecular Dynamics Study (1999)

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the diffusion of a mixture of benzene and propylene, for the cumene synthesis process, in purely siliceous MWW (MCM-22), a zeolite containing two separate channel systems: the 10-member ring (MR) sinusoidal and the 12-MR supercages interconnected by 10-MR windows system. The diffusion processes in each channel system of MWW at 650 K have been studied independently. We have found that in order to obtain quantitative or semiquantitative diffusion coefficients, the framework should be optimized. A large diffusivity for propylene in both channel systems, and especially in the supercage system, is observed, whereas benzene is not seen to diffuse in either of the two channel systems, and only intracage mobility is seen in the supercage voids. The positions of minimum energy, where the molecules are expected to react, have been located in both channels. The diffusion of benzene in the supercage system seems to be temperature-activated, and when the temperature is increased, intercage diffusion will probably occur. Radial distribution functions show that condensation reactions between benzene−propylene and propylene−propylene are possible, which indicate the necessity of working in an excess of benzene. The results of the simulations of diffusion suggest that the formation of cumene probably occurs at the external surface or close to the external surface of the MCM-22 zeolite crystals.
Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions in Ambient Temperature Ionic Liquids:  Evidence for the Importance of Palladium Imidazolylidene Complexes (2003)

Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions have been conducted in a range of ambient temperature ionic liquids. The ionic liquids give excellent reactivities for bromoarenes in addition to easy product isolation. The preferred reaction conditions are explored and the effect of changing the ionic liquid components is investigated. The in situ formation of mixed phosphine/imidazolylidene palladium complexes is demonstrated in all of the catalytically active solutions, but in none of the inactive solutions. Formation of 1,3-dialkyl-2-arylimidazolium salts is demonstrated, but it is also shown that these salts can act as a source of arene for the reaction; that is, both reductive elimination and oxidative addition of 1,3-dialkyl-2-arylimidazolium salts from/to the palladium are occurring. The implications of this for the use of ionic liquids as solvents for Suzuki reactions are discussed.
Old and New approaches for Vaccines against tuberculosis (2000)

Do we need renewed efforts to develop new vaccines to fight tuberculosis? Epidemiological data show that the decrease of the already low incidence of tuberculosis has stopped in developed countries. In certain Western countries the incidence of tuberculosis has even increased in the last ten years. In Africa and in Asia, a high incidence of tuberculosis is found similar to that of the Western world in the 1930s. Can we predict from the history of tuberculosis in Western Europe that the epidemic of tuberculosis in developing countries has reached his peak or is still developing? Revisited data from Europe show that the epidemic of tuberculosis started at least three centuries before it reached its apogee in the middle of the 19th century. The reasons for the decrease of tuberculosis in the first half of the 20th century in the Western world are still not well understood. Will public health measures and proper antibiotic treatment reduce and stop tuberculosis in Africa and in Asia or will the incidence of tuberculosis increase? Our ability to control the spread of the disease is complicated by the appearance of antibiotic resistant strains and HIV. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular basis for the interaction between the bacilli and the hosts is necessary for the development of improved approaches for treatment and immunization. Cellular immunity and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) are key processes in the course of mycobacterial infection and are involved in both primary and secondary infection as well as in the induction of protective immunity in the host. The different types of tuberculosis vaccines being reevaluated comprise: BCG with booster, oral BCG, modified BCG (multivalent), auxotrophic M. tuberculosis attenuated strains, M. tuberculosis secreted proteins or recombinant proteins with or without immunomodulators and DNA vaccines. These new vaccines inducing a good cellular immunity may contribute to the development of improved approaches for immunization and treatment.
FeRAM and MRAM Technologies (2019)

FeRAM and MRAM are promising non-volatile random access memory candidates and have been put into mass production before other new memories. The remaining scalability issues for FeRAM and MRAM are rapidly being resolved by introduction of new materials, processes, structures, memory cell circuits, and architectures. The performance of the 1T1C FeRAM was improved by optimizing its memory cell circuit and by using a ferroelectric capacitor with large, stable remanent polarization charges. The 6T4C FeRAM shows unlimited read/write endurance. The chain FeRAM has a memory cell as small as that of a DRAM. The readout margin of the MRAM was increased by using single-crystal MgO as an MTJ insulator. The half-select disturb of the MRAM has been greatly improved by the toggle writing, thermal select writing, and spin torque transfer switching schemes. The write current of the MRAM was reduced by spin torque transfer switching to 1/10. The performances of FeRAM and MRAM are improving as the demand for low power consumption devices increases.
Low Loss, Compact Waveguides in GaAs/Oxidized AlGaAs Layers Directly Grown on Silicon (2019)

Waveguides in high index contrast GaAs/Oxidized AlGaAs layers directly grown on silicon are presented. These are very similar to waveguides in Si photonics and can be the basis of very high performance photonic integration platform. © 2019 The Author(s)
Restoration of Trigeminal Cutaneous Sensation with Cross-Face Sural Nerve Grafts (2015)

Therapeutic, V.
Evaluation of Novel Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates against Human and Animal Gammaherpesviruses Revealed an Altered Metabolism of Cyclic Prodrugs upon Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in P3HR-1 Cells (2013)

Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs), such as (S)-1-[(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxy)propyl)]cytosine (HPMPC), are an important group of broad-spectrum antiviral agents with activity against DNA viruses. In this report, we present the in vitro potencies of novel ANPs against gammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and three animal gammaherpesviruses. 1-(S)-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-5-azacytosine (HPMP-5-azaC), (S)-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-3-deazaadenine (3-deaza-HPMPA), and their cyclic derivatives have emerged as highly potent antigammaherpesvirus agents. Interestingly, cyclic prodrugs of ANPs exhibited reduced activities against EBV strain P3HR-1, but not against EBV strain Akata. Cell culture metabolism studies with HPMPC and cyclic HPMPC revealed that these differences were attributable to an altered drug metabolism in P3HR-1 cells after EBV reactivation and, more specifically, to a reduced hydrolysis of cyclic HPMPC by cyclic CMP phosphodiesterase. We did not correlate this effect with phosphodiesterase downregulation, or to functional mutations. Instead, altered cyclic AMP levels in P3HR-1 cells indicated a competitive inhibition of the phosphodiesterase by this cyclic nucleotide. Finally, both HPMPC and HPMP-5-azaC emerged as highly effective inhibitors in vivo through significant inhibition of murine gammaherpesvirus replication and dissemination. With the current need for potent antigammaherpesvirus agents, our findings underline the requirement of appropriate surrogate viruses for antiviral susceptibility testing and highlight HPMP-5-azaC as a promising compound for future clinical development.
A numerical approach to the evaluation of uncertainty in nonconventional measurements on power systems (2002)

The application of the rules endorsed by the ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) can turn into a difficult task when quantities that characterize the operation of modern power systems are measured by means of DSP-based instruments. A numerical approach to easily tackle this task is proposed in this paper, as an alternative to the uncertainty evaluation based on the analytical solution of the uncertainty propagation law, as prescribed by the GUM. The validity of the numerical approach, which is based on a Monte-Carlo procedure, is first proved in the case of the spectral analysis of a periodic signal, which is the first step for many nonconventional measurements. Then the evaluation of the accuracy of a method for the measurement of the harmonic losses in a power transformer supplying nonsinusoidal load currents is dealt with as an application example.
Looking at Cellular Networks Through Canonical Domains and Conformal Mapping (2016)

In order to cope with the rapidly increasing service demand in cellular networks, more cells are needed with better resource usage efficiency. This poses challenges for the network planning since service demand in practical networks is not geographically uniform, and to cope with the nonuniform service demand, network deployments are becoming increasingly irregular. This paper introduces a new idea to deal with the nonuniform network topology. Rather than capturing the network character (e.g., load distribution) by means of stochastic methods, the proposed novel approach aims at transferring the analysis from the physical (irregular) domain to a canonical/dual domain that simplifies the work due to its symmetry. To carry out this task, physical and canonical domains are connected using conformal (Schwarz-Christoffel) mapping, a rich and mature theory from complex analysis. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to introduce the analysis through canonical domains and validate the usability of conformal mapping as a feasible solution approach for this problem.
Subretinal Hemorrhage Management by Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Internal Drainage (1992)

• We reviewed 14 consecutive cases of subretinal hemorrhage involving the macula, in which surgery to remove the hemorrhage was performed by the authors between February 1984 and January 1989. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and internal subretinal hemorrhage drainage. The causes of subretinal hemorrhages in group 1 were primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (three eyes), complications from scleral buckling procedures (three eyes), traumatic retinal detachments (two eyes), and sickle cell retinopathy associated with anticoagulation therapy after a pulmonary embolus (one eye). Group 2 consisted of five eyes with massive subretinal hemorrhage associated with age-related macular degeneration. In group I, recurrent postoperative retinal detachment occurred in five eyes but reattachment was achieved in eight of the nine eyes, and final visual acuities were 20/400 or better in those eight eyes. In group 2, marked subretinal fibrosis occurred in two eyes. Although three eyes had improved visual acuities, final visual acuities were 5/200 or worse in all five eyes.
Genetic background of extreme violent behavior (2015)

In developed countries, the majority of all violent crime is committed by a small group of antisocial recidivistic offenders, but no genes have been shown to contribute to recidivistic violent offending or severe violent behavior, such as homicide. Our results, from two independent cohorts of Finnish prisoners, revealed that a monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) low-activity genotype (contributing to low dopamine turnover rate) as well as the CDH13 gene (coding for neuronal membrane adhesion protein) are associated with extremely violent behavior (at least 10 committed homicides, attempted homicides or batteries). No substantial signal was observed for either MAOA or CDH13 among non-violent offenders, indicating that findings were specific for violent offending, and not largely attributable to substance abuse or antisocial personality disorder. These results indicate both low monoamine metabolism and neuronal membrane dysfunction as plausible factors in the etiology of extreme criminal violent behavior, and imply that at least about 5–10% of all severe violent crime in Finland is attributable to the aforementioned MAOA and CDH13 genotypes.
A Hybrid Magnetic Current Sensor With a Multiplexed Ripple-Reduction Loop (2023)

This article presents a hybrid magnetic current sensor for galvanically isolated measurements. It consists of a CMOS chip that senses the magnetic field generated by current flowing through a lead-frame-based current rail. Hall plates and coils are used to sense low-frequency (dc to 10 kHz) and high-frequency (10 kHz to 5 MHz) magnetic fields, respectively. With the help of on- chip calibration coils, the biasing current of the Hall plates is trimmed to match the sensitivity of the Hall and coil signal paths. The sensitivity drift of the coil path with temperature is compensated by using temperature-dependent gain-setting resistors, while the drift of the Hall path is compensated by biasing the Hall plates with a proportional- to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) current. The resulting sensitivity drift is less than 9% from–40 °C to 80 °C. The offset of the Hall plates is reduced by the current spinning technique, and the resulting ripple is suppressed by a multiplexed ripple-reduction loop (MMRL). Fabricated in a standard 0.18- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process, the current sensor occupies 4.6 mm2 and draws 7.8 mA from a 1.8-V supply. It achieves a gain variation of only ±2% in a 5-MHz BW. It also achieves high energy efficiency, with an figure of merit (FoM) of 1.6 fW/Hz.
Surgical considerations and hearing results with the ucsf/storz cochlear implant (1987)

Sixteen patients have been implanted with the UCSF/Storz multichannel implant, 11 of whom have been fitted with their external speech processors and transmitters and administered postoperative audiological evaluations. Both the surgical procedures used and the hearing results for these patients are presented. The potential medical/surgical complications of implant surgery and the future direction of research and development within the UCSF/Storz implant program are discussed.
Correlation of dynamic contrast enhancement MRI parameters with microvessel density and VEGF for assessment of angiogenesis in breast cancer (2003)

A consistent analysis strategy was important in the DCE-MRI study. In this series, none of these strategies yielded results for MRI based quantitation of tumor vascularity that were associated with IHC based measurements. Therefore, different analyses could not account for the lack of association.