gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field evaluation of nutritionally-based bait matrix against subterranean termites (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae). (2003)

A novel nutritionally based bait matrix was evaluated under field conditions in New Orleans Louisiana and Poplarville, Mississippi against infestations of the Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki)and the Easter subterranean termite (Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar)). The active ingredients tested, included diflubenzuron, chlorfluazuron and some natural products. The Quarterra interception and baiting system was used to deliver the bait matrix. In New Orleans, LA the test area consisted of 3 buildings and wooden areas within the SRRC campus. A total of 230 stations were installed in the wooden areas spaced 20ft (7.29m) apart and 66 stations around the 3 buildings spaced 15ft (5.47m) apart. In Poplarville, MS 396 stations were installed around 31 houses in 3 different neighborhoods spaced as above. These tests were designed to evaluate the areawide management concept. Temperature, termite activity and bait consumption were measured monthly from October 1999 in NOLA and from July 2000 in Poplarville to the present date. Termite activity stopped in the 2 termite infested buildings in New Orleans within 9 months of bait placement and no activity has been observed for the past 8 months. Evidence of heavy termite mortality was observed in both buildings and wooden areas. The rest of the studies are still in progress.
Ultra-thin titanium oxide (2012)

We demonstrate the fabrication of ultra-thin titanium oxide films by plasma-induced surface oxidation. Ellipsometry measurements indicate an oxide thickness of about 2 nm. Electrical characterization was performed on microscale and nanoscale metal-insulator-metal tunneling diodes. Electrical fields up to 22 MV/cm were applied without destroying the titanium oxide films. The current-voltage-characteristic of the diodes are found to be asymmetric with respect to zero bias when employing electrodes with different work functions. The permittivity of the ultra-thin titanium oxide was determined to be less than 6, which is the smallest permittivity that has been reported for titanium oxide. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.
Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II (2016)

Our findings suggest diagnosis-related neurobiological differences between the BD subtypes, which could explain distinct symptoms and point to potential biomarkers that could inform the subtype diagnosis of BD.
Joint Estimation of Mutual Coupling, Element Factor, and Phase Center in Antenna Arrays (2007)

A novel method is proposed for estimation of the mutual coupling matrix of an antenna array. The method extends previous work by incorporating an unknown phase center and the element factor (antenna radiation pattern) in the model, and treating them as nuisance parameters during the estimation of coupling. To facilitate this, a parametrization of the element factor based on a truncated Fourier series is proposed. The performance of the proposed estimator is illustrated and compared to other methods using data from simulations and measurements, respectively. The Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) for the estimation problem is derived and used to analyze how the required amount of measurement data increases when introducing additional degrees of freedom in the element factor model. We find that the penalty in SNR is 2.5 dB when introducing a model with two degrees of freedom relative to having zero degrees of freedom. Finally, the tradeoff between the number of degrees of freedom and the accuracy of the estimate is studied. A linear array is treated in more detail and the analysis provides a specific design tradeoff.
Regulated expression of the nor-1 and ver-1 genes associated with aflatoxin biosynthesis (1993)

RNA transcript accumulation for the ver-1 and nor-1 genes, which are associated with aflatoxin biosynthesis in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus, was measured before and during aflatoxin production in liquid shake culture. Transcripts were not detected until near the end of trophophase (growth phase) and could still be observed well into stationary phase during batch fermentation in an aflatoxin-supporting growth medium. Maximum accumulation of both transcripts occurred just prior to the onset of stationary phase. Aflatoxin B1 was first detected approximately 8 h after the appearance of the ver-1 and nor-1 transcripts. In contrast, maximum transcript accumulation for the pyrG gene (encoding orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase), which is involved in primary metabolism, was observed at the onset of trophophase when the ver-1 and nor-1 transcripts could not be detected. Accumulation of the ver-1 and nor-1 transcripts was also studied following a nutritional shift from a non-aflatoxin-supporting medium (peptone mineral salts [PMS]) to a glucose-containing medium (glucose mineral salts [GMS]), which does support aflatoxin biosynthesis. Transcripts from ver-1 and nor-1 could not be detected on PMS medium but did accumulate approximately 4 to 7 h following transfer to GMS medium. Additionally, aflatoxins were not detected in PMS medium but were observed to accumulate within 24 h after the shift from PMS to GMS. These data suggest that aflatoxin biosynthesis is in part regulated by the accumulation of the ver-1 and nor-1 transcripts.
Zinc Phthalocyanine–Graphene Hybrid Material for Energy Conversion: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysics, and Photoelectrochemical Cell Preparation (2012)

Graphene exfoliation upon tip sonication in o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) was accomplished. Covalent grafting of (2-aminoethoxy)(tri-tert-butyl) zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) to exfoliated graphene sheets was then achieved. The newly formed ZnPc–graphene hybrid material was found to be soluble in common organic solvents without any precipitation for several weeks. Application of diverse spectroscopic techniques verified the successful formation of the ZnPc–graphene hybrid material, while thermogravimetric analysis revealed the amount of ZnPc loading onto graphene. Microscopy analysis based on AFM and TEM was applied to probe the morphological characteristics and to investigate the exfoliation of graphene sheets. Efficient fluorescence quenching of ZnPc in the ZnPc–graphene hybrid material suggested that photoinduced events occur from the photoexcited ZnPc to exfoliated graphene. The dynamics of the photoinduced electron transfer was evaluated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, thus revealing the formation of transient species such as ZnPc•+, yielding the charge-separated state ZnPc•+–graphene•–. Finally, the ZnPc–graphene hybrid material was integrated into a photoactive electrode of an optical transparent electrode (OTE) cast with nanostructured SnO2 films (OTE/SnO2), which exhibited stable and reproducible photocurrent responses, and the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency was determined.
Cluster-based logic blocks for FPGAs: area-efficiency vs. input sharing and size (2002)

While modern FPGAs often contain clusters of 4-input lookup tables and flip flops, little is known about good choices for two key architectural parameters: the number of these basic logic elements (BLEs) in each cluster, and the total number of distinct inputs that the programmable routing can provide to each cluster. In this paper we explore the effect of these parameters on FPGA area-efficiency. We show that a cluster containing N BLEs needs only 2N+2 distinct inputs (vs. the 4N maximum) to achieve complete logic utilization. Secondly, we find that a cluster size of 4 is most area-efficient, and leads to an FPGA that is 5-10% more area-efficient than an FPGA based on a single BLE logic block.
The variation and evolution of complete human centromeres (2023)

We completely sequenced and assembled all centromeres from a second human genome and used two reference sets to benchmark genetic, epigenetic, and evolutionary variation within centromeres from a diversity panel of humans and apes. We find that centromere single-nucleotide variation can increase by up to 4.1-fold relative to other genomic regions, with the caveat that up to 45.8% of centromeric sequence, on average, cannot be reliably aligned with current methods due to the emergence of new α-satellite higher-order repeat (HOR) structures and two to threefold differences in the length of the centromeres. The extent to which this occurs differs depending on the chromosome and haplotype. Comparing the two sets of complete human centromeres, we find that eight harbor distinctly different α-satellite HOR array structures and four contain novel α-satellite HOR variants in high abundance. DNA methylation and CENP-A chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that 26% of the centromeres differ in their kinetochore position by at least 500 kbp-a property not readily associated with novel α-satellite HORs. To understand evolutionary change, we selected six chromosomes and sequenced and assembled 31 orthologous centromeres from the common chimpanzee, orangutan, and macaque genomes. Comparative analyses reveal nearly complete turnover of α-satellite HORs, but with idiosyncratic changes in structure characteristic to each species. Phylogenetic reconstruction of human haplotypes supports limited to no recombination between the p- and q-arms of human chromosomes and reveals that novel α-satellite HORs share a monophyletic origin, providing a strategy to estimate the rate of saltatory amplification and mutation of human centromeric DNA.
Phosphorylation of the ARE-binding protein DAZAP1 by ERK2 induces its dissociation from DAZ (2006)

A protein in RAW 264.7 macrophages, which became phosphorylated in response to LPS (lipopolysaccharide), was identified as the RNA-binding protein called DAZAP1 [DAZ (deleted in azoospermia)-associated protein 1]. The phosphorylation of this protein was prevented by specific inhibition of MKK1 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) kinase 1], indicating that it was phosphorylated via the classical MAPK cascade. Further experiments showed that DAZAP1 was phosphorylated stoichiometrically in vitro by ERK2 (extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 2) at two Thr-Pro sequences (Thr269 and Thr315), and that both sites became phosphorylated in HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney 293) cells in response to PMA or EGF (epidermal growth factor), or RAW 264.7 macrophages in response to LPS. Phosphorylation induced by each stimulus was prevented by two structurally distinct inhibitors of MKK1 (PD184352 and U0126), demonstrating that DAZAP1 is a physiological substrate for ERK1/ERK2. The mutation of Thr269 and Thr315 to aspartate or the phosphorylation of these residues caused DAZAP1 to dissociate from its binding partner DAZ. DAZ interacts with PABP [poly(A)-binding protein] and thereby stimulates the translation of mRNAs containing short poly(A) tails [Collier, Gorgoni, Loveridge, Cooke and Gray (2005) EMBO J. 24, 2656-2666]. In the present study we have shown that DAZ cannot bind simultaneously to DAZAP1 and PABP, and suggest that the phosphorylation-induced dissociation of DAZ and DAZAP1 may allow the former to stimulate translation by interacting with PABP.
Joint carrier frequency offset and channel estimation in OFDM Systems (2005)

A joint carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel estimation technique is presented for burst mode OFDM systems. It employs the non-linear recursive least squares (NL-RLS) algorithm working in time domain and in decision directed mode. When compared with other techniques, this approach functions without the aid of pilot tones in the OFDM data symbols, maintains a reasonable complexity, and provides a superior performance, which is shown to be insensitive to decision errors even at low SNR.
Spirodiclofen and Spiromesifen (2003)

Ralf Nauen, Thomas Bretschneider, Alfred Elbert, Reiner Fischer and Ralf Tiemann from Bayer CropScience describe these new spirocyclic tetronic acid derivatives for spider mite and whitefly control.
High intensity focused ultrasound for cyclocoagulation: From transducer design to early clinical trials. (2011)

Many therapeutic procedures have been proposed for treating glaucoma, which remains refractory in many cases. Although HIFU treatments were successful [Lizzi et al.], laser-based approaches proved to be more clinically feasible. The new proposed ultrasonic device aims to perform a conformal, partial, and fast thermal ablation of the ciliary bodies for reducing the production of aqueous humor and intraocular pressure (IOP). The design of the device was based on numerical simulations and consideration of anatomical constraints. The device has six cylindrical 21 MHz transducers for modulating and producing sharp zones of ablation. The applicator was characterized in vitro and tested in vivo in rabbits. Exposure conditions were set to 6 W/cm2 for 3 s applied sequentially on the transducers. A clinical pilot study was then started to assess the feasibility, the tolerance, and the efficacy of the treatment of refractory glaucoma. Results of in vivo experiments showed significant decrease of IOP and no adverse effects on histology. Eight patients were treated with similar exposure conditions. The absence of side-effects and the significant decrease of IOP, from 36.2 to 25.2 mm Hg 6 months after treatment, proved the clinical relevance of this new device for treating refractory glaucoma. [Work funded by EyeTechCare SA.]
<title>Electronic multiprocessor with radiation-hardened optical interconnects</title> (1996)

Optical interconnects will play an increasingly significant role in future space applications, because of their high transmission bandwidth potential and radiation hardness. This paper presents the development results of a hybrid optoelectronic system comprising four electronic processing boards that communicate through an optical 3 by 3 non- blocking crossbar switch. Each processing board contains Tx and Rx modules pigtailed to multimode fibers. An optical fan-out of 1-to-3 is implemented by means of a holographic grating. The fan-in is implemented as a lens array. The system has been tested using dedicated automatic target recognition (ATR) software, and space testing is planned.
Nitrate removal from liquid effluents using microalgae immobilized on chitosan nanofiber mats (2012)

Mats of electrospun chitosan nanofibers were found effective in immobilizing microalgal cells. These immobilized microalgal cells were also used as a durable model system for wastewater treatment which has been demonstrated by the removal of around 87% nitrate from liquid effluents ([NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8722;&lt;/sup&gt;-N]&lt;sub&gt;initial&lt;/sub&gt; 30 mg L&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8722;1&lt;/sup&gt;). Virtuous nitrate removal rates were derived by superimposing physicochemical adsorption and biological nutrient consumption phenomena for chitosan and microalgae, respectively.
Impact of measurement and communication aspects on protection of multi‐terminal DC grids (2018)

The increased demand for renewable energy generation requires the higher flexibility of transmission systems. This requirement together with technical progress in high‐voltage DC technology has resulted in the ambition to build large‐scale multi‐terminal DC grids. To achieve this goal, vendor interoperability is considered a key element. Standards exist for AC systems, but not for DC systems. This work discusses and evaluates the suitability of AC standards for DC systems. As a result, a different view on substation architecture is developed and two communication protocols are suggested for further investigation in this context.
DOP61 Impact of prior tumour necrosis factor inhibitor failure and prior corticosteroid use on the maintenance of efficacy of tofacitinib following dose reduction in patients with Ulcerative Colitis who were in stable remission: 6-month data from the double-blind, randomised RIVETING study (2021)

Abstract Background Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). RIVETING (NCT03281304) is an ongoing, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dose reduction to tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID) vs remaining on 10 mg BID in patients (pts) with UC in stable remission on tofacitinib 10 mg BID maintenance therapy. Eligible pts had received tofacitinib 10 mg BID for ≥2 consecutive years in an open-label, long-term extension (OLE) study (NCT01470612), and had been in stable remission for ≥6 months (M) and corticosteroid (CS)-free for ≥4 weeks prior to enrolment.1 We aimed to evaluate tofacitinib efficacy outcomes by the number of prior tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) failed and by prior CS use. Methods We evaluated the efficacy of tofacitinib 5 mg BID at Month 6 of RIVETING, based on the number of prior TNFi failed (0, 1 or &amp;gt;1), CS use (yes/no) and CS dose (&amp;lt;15 mg/day and ≥15 mg/day) at baseline (BL) of OCTAVE Induction 1&amp;2 and at OLE study BL. CS were prohibited in RIVETING. Results Of the 70 pts randomised to dose-reduce to tofacitinib 5 mg BID, 43 pts had no prior TNFi failure, 17 pts had previous failure with 1 TNFi and 10 pts had previous failure with &amp;gt;1 TNFi. At Month 6, modified Mayo (mMayo) score remission was maintained in 79.1%, 70.6% and 80.0% of pts who had previous failure with 0, 1 and &amp;gt;1 TNFi, respectively. At Month 6, the change from RIVETING BL total Mayo score, mMayo score, partial Mayo score (PMS) and modified PMS was similar across TNFi subgroups (Table 1). Of pts who enrolled into RIVETING, 26 pts were receiving CS (9 received &amp;lt;15 mg/day and 17 received ≥15 mg/day) at induction study BL, and 7 pts were receiving CS at OLE study BL. At Month 6, rates of mMayo score remission were numerically higher in pts with CS use at induction study BL (84.6%) vs those without CS use (72.7%). The rate of mMayo score remission was numerically higher in pts without CS use (77.8%) vs pts with CS use at OLE BL (71.4%), although pt numbers were very low in the CS-use group. These trends were also observed for other efficacy endpoints (Table 2). The Month 6 change from RIVETING BL mMayo score and total Mayo score was numerically higher in pts with vs pts without CS use at induction BL (0.7 and 1.1 vs 0.6 and 0.9, respectively) and OLE BL (1.0 and 1.3 vs 0.6 and 0.9, respectively) (Table 2). Conclusion In pts who were in stable remission for &amp;gt;6M, efficacy endpoints were maintained following dose reduction to tofacitinib 5 mg BID, regardless of the number of prior TNFi failures or prior CS use. These analyses are post hoc and limited by the small sample size. Reference
Modeling rapid thermal annealing processes for shallow junction formation in silicon (1983)

Computer modeling of impurity diffusion during rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in a halogen lamp system has been performed. It is found that large, transient concentrations of point defects are generated during the annealing of implantation damage. The duration of the transients are comparable with the times used in RTA. The result is enhanced diffusion of the implanted species. The enhanced diffusion depends on the damage annealing which itself depends on implant dose and energy as well as on temperature. Successful modeling of B and As during RTA has been achieved over wide dose ranges but over limited energy ranges.
Semantic Communications in Networked Systems: A Data Significance Perspective (2022)

We present our vision for a departure from the established way of architecting and assessing communication networks, by incorporating the semantics of information, defined not necessarily as the meaning of the messages, but as their significance, possibly within a real-time constraint, relative to the purpose of the data exchange. We argue that research efforts must focus on laying the theoretical foundations of a redesign of the entire process of information generation, transmission, and usage for networked systems in unison by developing advanced semantic metrics for communications and control systems; an optimal sampling theory combining signal sparsity and timeliness, for real-time prediction/reconstruction/control under communication constraints and delays; temporally effective compressed sensing techniques for decision making and inference directly in the compressed domain; and semantic-aware data generation, channel coding, packetization, feedback, and multiple and random access schemes that reduce the volume of data and the energy consumption, increasing the number of supportable devices. This paradigm shift targets jointly optimal information gathering, information dissemination, and decision making policies in networked systems.
Protective Autoimmunity Is a Physiological Response to CNS Trauma (2001)

Primary damage caused by injury to the CNS is often followed by delayed degeneration of initially spared neurons. Studies in our laboratory have shown that active or passive immunization with CNS myelin-associated self-antigens can reduce this secondary loss. Here we show, using four experimental paradigms in rodents, that CNS trauma spontaneously evokes a beneficial T cell-dependent immune response, which reduces neuronal loss. (1) Survival of retinal ganglion cells in rats was significantly higher when optic nerve injury was preceded by an unrelated CNS (spinal cord) injury. (2) Locomotor activity of rat hindlimbs (measured in an open field using a locomotor rating scale) after contusive injury of the spinal cord (T8) was significantly better (by three to four score grades) after passive transfer of myelin basic protein (MBP)-activated splenocytes derived from spinally injured rats than in untreated injured control rats or rats similarly treated with splenocytes from naive animals or with splenocytes from spinally injured rats activated ex vivo with ovalbumin or without any ex vivo activation. (3) Neuronal survival after optic nerve injury was 40% lower in adult rats devoid of mature T cells (caused by thymectomy at birth) than in normal rats. (4) Retinal ganglion cell survival after optic nerve injury was higher (119 +/- 3.7%) in transgenic mice overexpressing a T cell receptor (TcR) for MBP and lower (85 +/- 1.3%) in mice overexpressing a T cell receptor for the non-self antigen ovalbumin than in matched wild types. Taken together, the results imply that CNS injury evokes a T cell-dependent neuroprotective response.
Hypnosis associated with 3D immersive virtual reality technology during bronchoscopy under local anesthesia (2022)

This preliminary report has shown that VRH was useful to reduce patients' anxiety during bronchoscopy under local anesthesia. VRH was easily implemented in the routine practice.
Optical Modulation (2013)

Photonic crystals are articial dielectric structures having periodic refractive index variation in a wavelength scale, which can realize strong light connement (John, 1987; Yablonovitch, 1987). The most extensively studied structure is a so-called photonic crystal slab (Notomi, 2010), which is typically formed by a periodic arrangement of air holes with the diameter of around 400 nm in a semiconductor (Si, GaAs, or InP) membrane of around 200 nm thickness. This structure can be fabricated by a process very similar to making Si-wire photonics since the typical dimension is the same order (note that the typical waveguide cross section for Si-wire photonics is 400 × 200 nm2). In fact, the cross-sectional mode area is almost similar between a conventional Si-wire waveguide and a photonic crystal line-defect waveguide. The waveguide loss is also comparable (Notomi et al., 2007). Then, why do we call for photonic crystals?