gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Two-Dimensional Alignment of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Polymer Films (2021)

Controlling the alignment of metal-organic framework (MOF) particles is valueable for fully exploiting the anisotropic properties and porous structure of these materials. Herein, we propose a simple, one-step method that can control the two-dimensional (2D) alignment of MOF particles over large areas. Orientational control is achieved without consideration of the underlying lattice parameters or the need for particle surface modification, but instead was achieved by selection of the casting solvent on a water surface. Two distinct types of MOF particles, a hexagonal bifrustum morphology of MIL-96 and an octahedral morphology of the UiO-66 family were aligned and captured in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix using this approach. This work provides opportunities for studying and utilizing the anisotropic properties of MOFs in thin film applications.
Conformational polymorphism of methacrylamide (2005)

The industrially important compound methacrylamide crystallizes as concomitant conformational polymorphs; the monoclinic form contains only the s-cis conformer, while the orthorhombic form contains only the s-trans conformer.
THE SURFACE REACTIVITY OF MICAS (1965)

Analyzed specimens of muscovite, rose muscovite, margarite, phlogopite, lepidomelane, biotite, and a mica-vermiculite were used. Elements released upon treatment with dilute hydrochloric acid and water were determined. The relationships of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, and monomeric silicic acid in solution to final pH were studied. The release of K, Na, and Ca was pH-independent over a considerable range. The pH values attained were to low to account for the K, Na, or Ca by Donnan hydrolysis alone. Some polymeric or highly colloidal silicates or alumino-silicate anion is presumed to exist in solution. For Mg, Al, and Fe the curves were compared with the solubility-product relationships of the hydroxides. No correspondence was found; the mica curves gave much smaller slopes. Mg, Al, and Fe were reincorporated into the silicate structures as the pH rose. The curves for monomeric silica released did not resemble that for amorphous silica; hence silica was also re-incorporated. The effects of order of treatments upon the exchange properties of mica surfaces were found to be small. /Author/
Fetal brain tissue annotation and segmentation challenge results (2023)

In-utero fetal MRI is emerging as an important tool in the diagnosis and analysis of the developing human brain. Automatic segmentation of the developing fetal brain is a vital step in the quantitative analysis of prenatal neurodevelopment both in the research and clinical context. However, manual segmentation of cerebral structures is time-consuming and prone to error and inter-observer variability. Therefore, we organized the Fetal Tissue Annotation (FeTA) Challenge in 2021 in order to encourage the development of automatic segmentation algorithms on an international level. The challenge utilized FeTA Dataset, an open dataset of fetal brain MRI reconstructions segmented into seven different tissues (external cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, white matter, ventricles, cerebellum, brainstem, deep gray matter). 20 international teams participated in this challenge, submitting a total of 21 algorithms for evaluation. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of the results from both a technical and clinical perspective. All participants relied on deep learning methods, mainly U-Nets, with some variability present in the network architecture, optimization, and image pre- and post-processing. The majority of teams used existing medical imaging deep learning frameworks. The main differences between the submissions were the fine tuning done during training, and the specific pre- and post-processing steps performed. The challenge results showed that almost all submissions performed similarly. Four of the top five teams used ensemble learning methods. However, one team's algorithm performed significantly superior to the other submissions, and consisted of an asymmetrical U-Net network architecture. This paper provides a first of its kind benchmark for future automatic multi-tissue segmentation algorithms for the developing human brain in utero.
Kinetic and spectroscopy of 2‐naphthylphenylcarbene (1990)

Abstract 2‐Naphthylphenylcarbene (2‐NPC) was studied by low‐temperature EPR spectroscopy and by solution‐phase laser flash photolysis. 2‐NPC was found to have a triplet ground state with two distinct rotomeric forms. The triplet carbene was found to react with methanol, 1,1‐diphenylethylene, styrene, carbon tetrachloride, isoprene, toluene and 2‐methyltetrhydrofuran.
Neuropeptide Abnormalities in Patients With Early Alzheimer Disease (1999)

Although SLI and CRF-IR levels are significantly reduced in patients with severe dementia, only CRF-IR is reduced significantly in the cortices of those with mild dementia. Thus, CRF-IR can serve as a potential neurochemical marker of early dementia and possibly early AD.
Measurements and Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in Microchannels With Nearly-Constant Heat Flux Boundary Conditions (2000)

Abstract Two-phase forced convective flow in microchannels can be used as an effective means of cooling microelectronics. However, the number of studies on boiling in microchannels with dimensions smaller than 100 microns is limited. Particularly, the impact of small dimensions on bubble formation and the critical heat flux have received little attention. This work develops single and multi-channel silicon test devices with integrated heaters and thermometers, in an effort toward precisely determining the flow condition, the temperature distribution, and the heat transfer coefficients within microchannels. Rectangular channels with hydraulic diameter below 100 microns and varying aspect ratios were fabricated. The test devices have channel walls with widths below 350 microns, which minimizes solid conduction along the test section and reduces variations in the heat flux boundary condition. A semiconductor resistor strip measures the wall temperature distribution along the channel during phase change. A thermal resistance model has been developed to estimate the heat loss from the system. Down to hydraulic diameters as small as 25 microns, nucleation boiling under 5 °C of wall superheating was observed in plasma etched silicon microchannels.
Transcranial Motor-evoked Potential Alert After Supine-to-Prone Position Change During Thoracic Ossification in Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Surgery (2021)

Study Design. A prospective, multicenter study. Objective. To evaluate the usefulness of transcranial motor-evoked potentials (Tc-MEPs) during supine-to-prone position change for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL). Summary of Background Data. Supine-to-prone position change might be a risk of spinal cord injury in posterior decompression and fusion surgeries for T-OPLL. Methods. The subjects were 145 patients with T-OPLL surgically treated with posterior decompression and fusion using Tc-MEPs in 14 institutes. Tc-MEPs were monitored before surgery from supine-to-prone position and intraoperatively in seven institutes and only intraoperatively in the other seven institutes because of disapproval of the anesthesia department. In cases of Tc-MEP alert after position change, we adjusted the cervicothoracic posture. When the MEP did not recover, we reverted the position to supine and monitored the Tc-MEPs in supine position. Results. There were 83 and 62 patients with/without Tc-MEP before position change to prone (group A and B). The true-positive rate was lower in group A than group B, but without statistical significance (8.4% vs. 16.1%, P = 0.12). In group A, five patients who had Tc-MEP alert during supine-to-prone position change were all female and had larger body mass index values and upper thoracic lesions. Among the patients, three underwent surgeries after cervicothoracic alignment adjustment, and two had postponed operations to 1 week later with halo-vest fixation because of repeated Tc-MEP alerts during position change to prone. The Tc-MEP alert at exposure was statistically more frequent in group B than in group A ( P = 0.033). Conclusion. Tc-MEP alert during position change is an important sign of spinal cord injury due to alignment change at the upper thoracic spine. Tc-MEP monitoring before supine-to-prone position change was necessary to prevent spinal cord injury in surgeries for T-OPLL.
Interaction of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and N‐terminally modified VIP analogs with rat pancreatic, hepatic and pituitary membranes (1986)

Six vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) analogs inhibited [125I]iodo-VIP and [125I]iodo-helodermin binding to high-affinity VIP receptors in rat hepatic membranes. They also stimulated adenylate cyclase activity through these receptors, their decreasing order of potency being VIP greater than [D-Ala4]VIP greater than [D-Asp3]VIP greater than [D-Ser2]VIP greater than [D-His1]VIP greater than [D-Phe2]VIP greater than [D-Arg2]VIP, with the latter two peptides acting as partial agonists only. All VIP analogs tested on rat pancreatic membranes were able to stimulate adenylate cyclase, their order of potency being very similar to that observed on hepatic membranes. [D-Ser2]VIP, [D-His1]VIP, [D-Arg2]VIP and [D-Phe2]VIP were partial agonists with an intrinsic activity of, respectively, 0.8, 0.7, 0.35 and 0.09 as compared to that of VIP = 1.0. [D-Phe2]VIP competitively and selectively inhibited VIP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (Ki = 0.1 microM). On male rat anterior pituitary homogenates the order of potency of the peptides was VIP greater than [D-Ala4]VIP greater than [D-Asp3]VIP greater than [D-Ser2]VIP greater than [D-His1]VIP. [D-Ser2]VIP and [D-His1]VIP acted as partial agonists. Besides, [D-Phe2]VIP and [D-Arg2]VIP were inactive as well as unable to inhibit VIP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. These results indicated that (a) the efficacy of VIP receptor/effector coupling depended on the tissue tested; (b) the possibility exists to design a VIP antagonist by appropriate modification in the N-terminal moiety of the molecule.
Pentacene organic thin-film transistors for circuit and display applications (1999)

We have fabricated organic thin-film transistors (TFT's) using the small-molecule polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pentacene as the active material. Devices were fabricated on glass substrates using low-temperature ion-beam deposited silicon dioxide as the gate dielectric, ion-beam deposited palladium for the source and drain contacts, and vacuum-evaporated pentacene to form the active layer. Excellent electrical characteristics were obtained, including carrier mobility as large as 0.6 cm/sup 2//V-s, on/off current ratio as large as 10/sup 8/, and subthreshold slope as low as 0.7 V/dec, all record values for organic transistors fabricated on nonsingle-crystal substrates.
Comment on “Solid–Liquid Work of Adhesion” (2017)

In a recent article, Tadmor and co-workers (Tadmor, R., et al. Langmuir 2017, 33, 3594-3600) used a centrifugal adhesion balance (CAB) to detach liquid drops from solid surfaces. By orienting solid surfaces in their CAB such that normal and lateral surfaces were balanced, the debonding force acted perpendicularly to the surface and drops detached by the axisymmetric retraction of their contact line. The detachment force was used to estimate the work of adhesion. To match the work of adhesion values from CAB to those calculated from the Young-Dupré equation, relatively large contact angles were required. Here, an alternative interpretation of their results is offered. Receding contact angles were estimated from their data and then used to predict the work of adhesion. These alternative predictions of the work of adhesion agreed with their estimates from the CAB.
Invasive Mucormycosis of the Skull Base (2009)

Compared with noninvasive mucormycosis, the invasive type correlates with high mortality rates, especially in immunodeficient patients. We present the clinical course of a 50-year-old woman with invasive mucormycosis and aspergillosis of the paranasal sinus originating from the maxillary sinus, with infiltration of the orbit and intracranial extension. She was referred to our ENT Department in March 2007 from the Department of Oncology, where she was treated with induction chemotherapy because of acute myelotic leukemia. The patient developed nasal obstruction, periorbital pain, and eyelid swelling on the left. Secondarily proptosis was noticed. Due to the immunocompromised state, diagnostic consideration included neoplastic infiltration or atypical fungal sinusitis.
Robust behavioral modeling of dynamic nonlinearities using Gegenbauer polynomials with application to RF power amplifiers (2013)

In this article, we propose a new set of basis functions based on Gegenbauer polynomials suitable for robust behavioral modeling of nonlinear dynamic systems. These polynomials can be optimized for maximum model identification stability under different input signal distributions. The efficiency and robustness of the proposed polynomial models are demonstrated and compared to the ones of previously published models. The obtained results revealed an exceptional numerical stability regardless of the input signal statistics, making the proposed new models suitable for multimode and broadband nonlinear wireless transmitters. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:268–279, 2014.
High-power metamaterial phase shifter using a relay-based approach (2016)

A metamaterial design that can rapidly reconfigure its reflection phase angle and safely operate under high incident field strengths is presented for use in a high power microwave (HPM) reflectarray system. The design offers switching between three sufficiently unique reflection phase angles to allow for beam control with a stationary reflector and feed horn. The metamaterial unit cell is fairly lightweight and rigid, making it mechanically appealing. Phase reconfiguration is easily accomplished though simple relay coil operation, allowing for increased isolation between high power radio frequency (RF) energy and the electronic beam control architecture compared to traditional semiconductor biasing techniques.
Identification of S-Nitrosylated Targets of Thioredoxin Using a Quantitative Proteomic Approach (2010)

Reversible protein cysteine nitrosylation (S-nitrosylation) is a common mechanism utilized in signal transduction and other diverse cellular processes. Protein denitrosylation is largely mediated by cysteine denitrosylases, but the functional scope and significance of these enzymes are incompletely defined, in part due to limited information on their cognate substrates. Here, using Jurkat cells, we employed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), coupled to the biotin switch technique and mass spectrometry, to identify 46 new substrates of one denitrosylase, thioredoxin 1. These substrates are involved in a wide range of cellular functions including cytoskeletal organization, cellular metabolism, signal transduction, and redox homeostasis. We also identified multiple S-nitrosylated proteins that are not substrates of thioredoxin 1. A verification of our principal findings was made in a second cell type (RAW264.7 cells). Our results point to thioredoxin 1 as a major protein denitrosylase in mammalian cells and demonstrate the utility of quantitative proteomics for large-scale identification of denitrosylase substrates.
Tunneling in very small GaAs MESFET (1997)

We study the transport through gated GaAS:Si wires of 0.5 micrometer length in the insulating regime and observe transport via elastic tunneling at very low temperature. We describe the mean positive magnetoconductance and the mesoscopic fluctuations of the conductance (versus energy or magnetic field) purely within one electron model without introducing Coulomb blockade considerations.
Advances in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation at the nanoscale (2017)

Abstract The alarming worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance amongst microbial pathogens necessitates a search for new antimicrobial techniques, which will not be affected by, or indeed cause resistance themselves. Light‐mediated photoinactivation is one such technique that takes advantage of the whole spectrum of light to destroy a broad spectrum of pathogens. Many of these photoinactivation techniques rely on the participation of a diverse range of nanoparticles and nanostructures that have dimensions very similar to the wavelength of light. Photodynamic inactivation relies on the photochemical production of singlet oxygen from photosensitizing dyes (type II pathway) that can benefit remarkably from formulation in nanoparticle‐based drug delivery vehicles. Fullerenes are a closed‐cage carbon allotrope nanoparticle with a high absorption coefficient and triplet yield. Their photochemistry is highly dependent on microenvironment, and can be type II in organic solvents and type I (hydroxyl radicals) in a biological milieu. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles act as a large band‐gap semiconductor that can carry out photo‐induced electron transfer under ultraviolet A light and can also produce reactive oxygen species that kill microbial cells. We discuss some recent studies in which quite remarkable potentiation of microbial killing (up to six logs) can be obtained by the addition of simple inorganic salts such as the non‐toxic sodium/potassium iodide, bromide, nitrite, and even the toxic sodium azide. Interesting mechanistic insights were obtained to explain this increased killing.
Biochemical properties and in planta effects of NopM, a rhizobial E3 ubiquitin ligase (2018)

Nodulation outer protein M (NopM) is an IpaH family type three (T3) effector secreted by the nitrogen-fixing nodule bacterium <i>Sinorhizobium</i> sp. strain NGR234. Previous work indicated that NopM is an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for an optimal symbiosis between NGR234 and the host legume <i>Lablab purpureus</i> Here, we continued to analyze the function of NopM. Recombinant NopM was biochemically characterized using an <i>in vitro</i> ubiquitination system with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> proteins. In this assay, NopM forms unanchored polyubiquitin chains and possesses auto-ubiquitination activity. In a NopM variant lacking any lysine residues, auto-ubiquitination was not completely abolished, indicating noncanonical auto-ubiquitination of the protein. In addition, we could show intermolecular ubiquitin transfer from NopM to C338A (enzymatically inactive NopM form) <i>in vitro</i> Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis provided clues about NopM-NopM interactions at plasma membranes <i>in planta</i> NopM, but not C338A, expressed in tobacco cells induced cell death, suggesting that E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of NopM induced effector-triggered immunity responses. Likewise, expression of NopM in <i>Lotus japonicus</i> caused reduced nodule formation, whereas expression of C338A showed no obvious effects on symbiosis. Further experiments indicated that serine residue 26 of NopM is phosphorylated <i>in planta</i> and that NopM can be phosphorylated <i>in vitro</i> by salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (NtSIPK), a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of tobacco. Hence, NopM is a phosphorylated T3 effector that can interact with itself, with ubiquitin, and with MAPKs.
A motor-driven adjustable prosthetic socket operated using a mobile phone app: A technical note (2019)

Sockets that allow incremental size adjustment during ambulation may help prosthesis users improve management of their changes in limb volume and the quality of their prosthetic fit. A platform system was developed that allowed people with trans-tibial limb loss to adjust the radial positions of socket panels during ambulation in small increments via a motor mounted beneath the socket. The motor altered the length of a cable running through the socket panels according to commands communicated from a mobile phone. A proportional-integral-derivative controller adjusted the voltage applied to the motor via pulse-width modulation to achieve target settings. Bench test results showed that when the system was subjected to loads comparable to those expected during clinical use, maximum absolute steady state error was 0.036 mm. Treadmill testing on 16 people with trans-tibial limb amputation demonstrated that the range of cable lengths over which participants deemed fit clinically acceptable varied between 24 mm and 114 mm depending on the user. In field testing 11 of 13 participants were comfortable making socket size adjustments while walking. The developed system achieves incremental socket size adjustments appropriate for research and development of ambulatory adjustable sockets.
Mild, orthogonal solid‐phase peptide synthesis: use of Nα‐dithiasuccinoyl (Dts) amino acids and N‐(iso‐propyldithio)carbonylproline, together with p‐alkoxybenzyl ester anchoring linkages* (1987)

Several N alpha-dithiasuccinoyl (Dts) amino acids (1) have been esterified without racemization by use of either N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or 1-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, each in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.1 equiv.), to 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenyl 4'-hydroxymethylphenoxyacetate (10) or the corresponding propionate (11). The resultant handle derivatives (8,9) were purified and then quantitatively attached onto aminomethyl supports by couplings using as solvent N,N-dimethylformamide containing 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.1 M). This methodology facilitates anchoring of Dts-amino acids as p-alkoxybenzyl esters, which can be cleaved in good yields by trifluoroacetic acid-dichloromethane (1:1) at 25 degrees. Model experiments established that quantitative thiolytic removal (greater than 99.8%) of the Dts group occurs with (i) beta-mercaptoethanol (0.5 M)-N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.5 M) in dichloromethane, 2 X 2 min; (ii) N-methylmercaptoacetamide (0.5 M)-N-methylmorpholine (0.5 M) in dichloromethane, 2 X 2 min; and (iii) N-methylmercaptoacetamide (0.5 M)-1-hydroxybenzotriazole (0.1 M) in N,N-dimethylformamide, 2 X 2 min. The susceptibility of the Dts functionality to nucleophiles was also defined, including demonstration of tertiary amine-catalyzed hydantoin formation from Dts-dipeptidyl units, but side reactions from these processes are entirely avoided under appropriate conditions relevant to peptide synthesis. These observations were exploited to devise efficient, racemization-free solid-phase syntheses of a number of model peptides in high yields and purities, including L-leucyl-L-alanylglycyl-L-valine, H-Gly6-Val-OH, H-Met-Ala-Gly-OH, methionine-enkephalin, and bradykinin.
Mobility, Variability and Changing Literacies in Modern Times : Special issue of Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, Bulletin of the Modern Language Society, volume 119 (2018)

Mobility, Variability and Changing Literacies in Modern Times : Special issue of Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, Bulletin of the Modern Language Society, volume 119
Human recognition from photoplethysmography (PPG) based on non-fiducial features (2017)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) signals have unique identity properties for human recognition, and are becoming easier to capture by emerging IoT sensors. Existing research on PPG-based biometric systems rely on fiducial methods that extract landmarks from the PPG signal as features. This paper investigates non-fiducial methods that operating in a holistic manner that is less sensitive to noise in landmarks. We compare PPG-based human verification of 42 subjects with fiducial and non-fiducial methods (specifically, discrete wavelet transform) and classification using a neural network and support vector machine. The experimental results demonstrate higher test recognition rates for wavelet transform feature extraction. We further improve our results by selecting a subset of features via the genetic algorithm.