gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Business (mis)Use Cases of Generative AI (2020)

Generative AI is a class of machine learning technology that learns to generate new data from training data. While deep fakes and media-and art-related generative AI breakthroughs have recently caught people's attention and imagination, the overall area is in its infancy for business use. Further, little is known about generative AI's potential for malicious misuse at large scale. Using co-creation design fictions with AI engineers, we explore the plausibility and severity of business misuse cases.
Bipolar ReRAM Based non-volatile flip-flops for low-power architectures (2012)

Resistive Random Access Memories (ReRAMs) fabricated in the back-end-of-line are a promising breakthrough for including permanent retention mechanisms in embedded systems. This low-cost solution opens the way to advanced power management schemes. In this paper, we propose novel design architecture of a non-volatile flip-flop based on Bipolar ReRAMs (Bi-RNVFF). Compared to state-of-the-art Data-Retention flip-flop (with Balloon latch), the proposed design is 25% smaller due to 6T structure compared to the 8T structure of Data-Retention flip-flop. Moreover, being non-volatile, the proposed architecture exhibits a zero leakage compared to a Data-Retention Flip-Flop, which consumes ~3.2μW in sleep mode (leakage) for a 10K Flip-Flop design implemented in 22nm FDSOI technology. Our simulation results show that Bi-RNVFF is a true alternative for future “Power-on, Power-off” application adding Non-Volatility without significant burdening of the existing architectures.
Generation and analysis of a coffee EST database: deductions about gene repertoire, expression and evolution. (2005)

An EST database has been generated for coffee, Coffea canephora var Robusta, based on sequences from approximately 47,000 cDNA clones derived from 5 different tissues/stages, with a special focus on developing seeds. When computationally assembled, these sequences corresponded to 13,175 unigenes, which are currently being analyzed for functional annotation, differential expression, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), simple sequence repeats (SSR), and complete representation of biochemical pathways of interest. Here, we present a brief overview of how the sequences were generated, assembled, annotated, and compared to Arabidopsis and tomato. A relational database was created to hold the complete datasets, and a web interface was developed for easy access of the database. This infrastructure is a starting point for genomics research in coffee.
Experimental alteration of the microRNA profile of the mouse embryo: heritable phenotypes in the adult (2023)

Abstract We previously identified a unique genetic feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in human patients and established mouse models, namely the low to very low level of six microRNAs, miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p and miR-499a-5p. We attempted to interfere experimentally with the expression in the mouse of two of them, miR19a-3p and miR499a-5p by microinjecting into the one-cell embryo either the complementary sequence or an excess of the microRNA. Both approaches resulted in low levels in the somatic tissues and sperm of the targeted microRNAs (nascent) and their pri and pre precursors. The altered miRNA profiles were inherited by progenies of crosses with untreated partners together with behavior alterations partly characteristic of ASD patients and animal models. An excess of miRNA in the eggs leads to a specific downregulation, we propose variations of single-stranded miRNA, as effectors of its own transcription in eukaryotes.
Joint blind channel and carrier frequency offset estimation in orthogonally space-time block coded mimo systems (2005)

The problem of joint channel and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is considered in the context of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems that use orthogonal space-time-block codes (OSTBCs). A new blind approach, is proposed to jointly estimate the channel matrix and the CFO. Our technique is based on a relaxed version of maximum likelihood (ML) estimator that ignores the finite alphabet constraint. Using such an approach, we show that the joint channel and CFO estimation problem is equivalent to finding the parameter estimates that maximize the principal eigenvalue of a certain data dependent matrix. Simulation results demonstrate that, despite relaxing the finite alphabet constraint, the performance of the proposed blind detection scheme can approach that of the coherent receiver, provided that there are sufficient data blocks available per channel realization.
EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH SPONTANEOUS SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE AND NEGATIVE ANGIOGRAPHY (2007)

OBJECTIVE The evaluation of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) with negative initial catheter-based angiography is a diagnostic challenge. Better diagnostic strategies based on hemorrhage patterns are needed. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the yield of focused history taking, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical spine, follow-up vascular imaging, laboratory investigations, and craniotomy for vessel exploration in 100 patients with SAH and negative initial catheter-based angiography. RESULTS The most common distribution of hemorrhage was in a “classic” aneurysmal pattern filling the basal cisterns or posterior fossa (44 patients). A cause was determined in 13 patients (13%), the most common of which was aneurysm (7 patients). Repeat angiography was the most useful diagnostic modality, detecting seven lesions. The yield of the second angiogram was best in patients with a classic hemorrhage pattern (10%) and worse in patients with a negative computed tomographic scan and positive lumbar puncture (0%). The most common reason that a lesion was not detected on initial angiography was aneurysmal thrombosis (five patients). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical spine detected one cervical ependymoma. Factors that may contribute to SAH, such as antiplatelet agent use and drug use, were found in 13 patients (13%). Adjunctive laboratory studies alerted practitioners to modifiable risk factors. CONCLUSION These data suggest useful modifications to current diagnostic paradigms for patients with angiographically negative spontaneous SAH.
Liquid crystal devices as imaging optical components in virtual reality (2022)

Liquid crystal devices are powerful ingredients in virtual reality display research at Facebook Reality Labs (FRL), especially as imaging optical components, thanks to the recent advancements in liquid crystal polarization holograms. Active liquid crystal devices can provide possibilities for dynamic reconfiguration of optical system with fast response time. Liquid crystal lenses or gratings that operate following the principles of diffraction can be designed and fabricated with high diffraction efficiency and high polarization selectivity, while keeping a small form factor. In this paper, we cover how these liquid crystal devices can be applied in virtual reality as imaging optical components.
Extraordinary magnetoresistance in shunted chemical vapor deposition grown graphene devices (2011)

We report gate tunable linear magnetoresistances (MRs) of ∼600% at 12 T in metal-shunted devices fabricated on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene. The effect occurs due to decreasing conduction through the shunt as the magnetic field increases (known as the extraordinary magnetoresistance effect) and yields an MR that is at least an order-of-magnitude higher than in un-shunted graphene devices.
Long-range plasmonic waveguides with hyperbolic cladding (2015)

We study plasmonic waveguides with dielectric cores and hyperbolic multilayer claddings. The proposed design provides better performance in terms of propagation length and mode confinement in comparison to conventional designs, such as metal-insulator-metal and insulator-metal-insulator plasmonic waveguides. We show that the proposed structures support long-range surface plasmon modes, which exist when the permittivity of the core matches the transverse effective permittivity component of the metamaterial cladding. In this regime, the surface plasmon polaritons of each cladding layer are strongly coupled, and the propagation length can be on the order of a millimeter.
Neutron-pumped excimer flashlamp sources (2004)

A Nuclear Pumped Flashlamp (NPF) is closely related to a Nuclear-Pumped Laser NPL in that both use nuclear radiation to excite the medium. The NPF does not require as high peak power as is needed for NPL inversion. Still, with a reactor source, a large volume NPF can be designed to deliver extremely large fluorescence in the UV up to the infrared range, depending on the media employed. The NPF can then be used for industrial applications or for pumping a laser requiring a high intensity light pump. The first experimental example of this approach was a <sup>3</sup>He-XeBr<sub>2</sub> NPF employed in 1993 to pump a small iodine laser. The present paper discusses issues involved in scaling such a NPF up to an ultra high energy output.
Insights and challenges of applying theGWmethod to transition metal oxides (2014)

The ab initio GW method is considered as the most accurate approach for calculating the band gaps of semiconductors and insulators. Yet its application to transition metal oxides (TMOs) has been hindered by the failure of traditional approximations developed for conventional semiconductors. In this work, we examine the effects of these approximations on the values of band gaps for ZnO, Cu2O, and TiO2. In particular, we explore the origin of the differences between the two widely used plasmon-pole models. Based on the comparison of our results with the experimental data and previously published calculations, we discuss which approximations are suitable for TMOs and why.
Optimization-based vessel segmentation pipeline for robust quantification of capillary networks in skin with optical coherence tomography angiography (2019)

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides in-vivo images of microvascular perfusion in high resolution. For its application to basic and clinical research, an automatic and robust quantification of the capillary architecture is mandatory. Only this makes it possible to reliably analyze large amounts of image data, to establish biomarkers, and to monitor disease developments. However, due to its optical properties, OCTA images of skin often suffer from a poor signal-to-noise ratio and contain imaging artifacts. Previous work on automatic vessel segmentation in OCTA mostly focuses on retinal and cerebral vasculature. Its applicability to skin and, furthermore, its robustness against imaging artifacts had not been systematically evaluated. We propose a segmentation method that improves the quality of vascular quantification in OCTA images even if corrupted by imaging artifacts. Both the combination of image processing methods and the choice of their parameters are systematically optimized to match the manual labeling of an expert for OCTA images of skin. The efficacy of this optimization-based vessel segmentation is further demonstrated on sample images as well as by a reduced error of derived quantitative vascular network characteristics.
Basin-Scale Tomography: Synoptic Measurements of a 4000-km Length Section in the Pacific (1989)

Pulse-like acoustic transmissions (133 Hz, 60 ms resolution), between a bottom-mounted source near Oahu and a bottom-mounted receiver at about 4000 km range near the coast of Northern California, are recorded during a 5-day interval in 1983 and a 21-day interval in 1987. Measurements of the acoustic travel-time change, based on the acoustic phase, are made every two minutes to a precision of about 135 μs. Power spectra of the acoustic phases, at periods less than about 34 hours, exhibit many significant peaks at nontidal periods whose equivalent rms travel times are between 1 and 10 ms. The periods and amplitudes of these peaks change significantly over intervals of five days. The 1983 dataset is used to demonstrate that the travel times along different ray paths oscillate in phase with each other at periods near the prominent nortidal periods of 15 and 20 hours. This observation leads to the conclusion that the ocean process is either barotropic or it consists of the first or the second baroclinic mode with a horizontal scale of at least 50 km. Ocean fluctuations, which are confined to a distance of about 10 km from the source or the receiver, are improbable candidates for the origin of the nontidal peaks whose rms travel times are 10 ms. Several hypotheses are considered for the nontidal oscillations. The internal-wave field is too baroclinic and too weak to generate the nontidal acoustic oscillations. Simple linear models, forced by peak values of the atmospheric pressure and the wind, are unable to generate an ocean response of sufficient size to account for the acoustic spectra. It is possible that the small nontidal peaks (1 ms rms) are caused by resonant gravity-wave modes. The large nontidal peaks have rms travel times as large as that due to the semidiurnal tide (10 ms rms). However, historical observations from tide and bottom pressure gauges may rule out the possibility that shallow-water gravity wave modes cause the large travel-time oscillations unless the modes are excited intermittently or unless the structure of the modal shapes computed by Platzman are incorrect. If the modes are responsible for some of the nontidal peaks, then some excitation mechanism must be found for them other than pressure and wind forcing of the ocean through linear models. In conclusion, the origin of the nontidal peaks is unknown. The internal wave field and the acoustic noise impose an ultimate limit on the ability of a tomographic array (which utilizes acoustic frequencies above 100 Hz) to detect basin-scale currents. For an array consisting of an acoustic source and ten acoustic receivers, the threshold at which a basin-scale current can be detected with a confidence of 95 percent is given by u ≈ 33.6T μm s−1 where the amplitude of the current is u and the period of the oscillation, T, is expressed in days. Other fluctuations in the ocean may place more severe limits on the ability to detect basin-scale currents.
Rediscovery of the susceptibility of G6PD deficient persons to methemoglobinemia from oxidant drugs, and to hemolysis from methylene blue (2006)

No abstract.
Public TCR Use by Herpes Simplex Virus-2–Specific Human CD8 CTLs (2010)

Recombination of germline TCR alpha and beta genes generates polypeptide receptors for MHC peptide. Ag exposure during long-term herpes simplex infections may shape the T cell repertoire over time. We investigated the CD8 T cell response to HSV-2 in chronically infected individuals by sequencing the hypervariable regions encoding TCR alpha and beta polypeptides from T cell clones recognizing virion protein 22 aa 49-57, an immunodominant epitope. The most commonly detected TCRBV gene segment, found in four of five subjects and in 12 of 50 independently derived T cell clones, was TCRBV12-4. Nineteen to seventy-two percent of tetramer-binding cells in PBMCs were stained ex vivo with a TCRBV12 mAb. Three alpha-chain and three beta-chain public TCR sequences were shared between individuals. Public heterodimers were also detected. Promiscuous pairing of a specific TCRVA1-1 sequence with several different TCRB polypeptides was observed, implying a dominant structural role for the TCRA chain for these clonotypes. Functional avidity for cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma release was relatively invariant, except for one subject with both high avidity and unique TCR sequences and lower HSV-2 shedding. These data indicate that the CD8 response to a dominant alpha-herpesvirus epitope converges on preferred TCR sequences with relatively constant functional avidity.
Two-Week Administration of Tempol Attenuates Both Hypertension and Renal Excretion of 8-Iso Prostaglandin F 2α (1999)

8-Iso prostaglandin F2alpha (8-ISO) is formed nonenzymatically from the attack of superoxide radical on arachidonic acid. Therefore, 8-ISO is a marker of oxidative stress in vivo. We have recently shown that short-term administration of the membrane-permeable, metal-independent superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol (4-hydroxy-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl piperidinoxyl) normalizes blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The present study was designed to test whether prolonged administration of tempol ameliorates oxidative stress and hypertension in SHR. In control SHR (n=8), mean arterial pressure and heart rate were increased and renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were reduced compared with control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) (n=7). Twenty-four-hour renal excretion of 8-ISO was significantly increased in SHR compared with WKY. Two weeks of tempol administration in the drinking water (1 mmol/L) to SHR (n=8) decreased mean arterial pressure by 18% (162+/-8 to 134+/-6 mm Hg, P<0.05), increased glomerular filtration rate by 17% (1.6+/-0.2 to 1. 9+/-0.3 mL/min), and decreased renal excretion of 8-ISO by 39% (9. 8+/-0.7 to 6.0+/-0.7 ng/24 hours, P<0.05). In contrast, tempol administration to WKY (n=6) had no significant effect on mean arterial pressure (115+/-5 versus 118+/-8 mm Hg), glomerular filtration rate (3.0+/-0.4 versus 2.5+/-0.5 mL/min), or renal excretion of 8-ISO (7.9+/-0.4 versus 6.8+/-0.7 ng/24 hours). In conclusion, the SHR is a model of hypertension and renal vasoconstriction associated with oxidative stress. Because long-term administration of a superoxide scavenger reduces blood pressure and oxidative stress in vivo, this study suggests a role for oxygen radicals in the maintenance of hypertension in SHR.
Identification of functionally active, low frequency copy number variants at 15q21.3 and 12q21.31 associated with prostate cancer risk (2012)

Copy number variants (CNVs) are a recently recognized class of human germ line polymorphisms and are associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Because of the strong genetic influence on prostate cancer, we sought to identify functionally active CNVs associated with susceptibility of this cancer type. We queried low-frequency biallelic CNVs from 1,903 men of Caucasian origin enrolled in the Tyrol Prostate Specific Antigen Screening Cohort and discovered two CNVs strongly associated with prostate cancer risk. The first risk locus (P = 7.7 × 10(-4), odds ratio = 2.78) maps to 15q21.3 and overlaps a noncoding enhancer element that contains multiple activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor binding sites. Chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data suggested direct cis-interactions with distant genes. The second risk locus (P = 2.6 × 10(-3), odds ratio = 4.8) maps to the α-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase C (MGAT4C) gene on 12q21.31. In vitro cell-line assays found this gene to significantly modulate cell proliferation and migration in both benign and cancer prostate cells. Furthermore, MGAT4C was significantly overexpressed in metastatic versus localized prostate cancer. These two risk associations were replicated in an independent PSA-screened cohort of 800 men (15q21.3, combined P = 0.006; 12q21.31, combined P = 0.026). These findings establish noncoding and coding germ line CNVs as significant risk factors for prostate cancer susceptibility and implicate their role in disease development and progression.
Crystallinity-Based Product Design: Utilizing the Polymorphism of Isotactic PP Homo- and Copolymers (2016)

Abstract The polymorphism of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in combination with the strong response of this polymer to nucleation can be utilized for expanding the application range of this versatile polymer. Based on three “case studies” related to β-iPP pressure pipes, ethylene-propylene (EP) random copolymers for thin-wall injection molding and transparency and sterilization resistance of cast films we demonstrate ways of combining polymer composition, nucleation and process settings to achieve the desired application performance. The importance of considering interactions between polymer design, nucleation and processing parameters for designing application properties is highlighted.
Phase locking of a tunable OEO to an optical frequency comb for microwave synthesis from an optical reference (2019)

We phase lock a tunable OEO to an optically referenced stepped precision microwave reference provided with a fiber comb from intermodal beating, overcoming the common stability limits of direct digital synthesis in tunable microwave generation.
Distributed Cable Sensors for Structural Damage Detection: Implementation Issues (2006)

A new concept for the design of coaxial cables was recently proposed and developed by the research team by introducing the change in topology of the cable structure when the cable is subjected to strain effects. In this study, three implementation issues are discussed to further advance the emerging technology towards its commercialization and implementation for crack monitoring and detection of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. They include plasma sprayed coating of a coaxial cable sensor, correlation between the reflection coefficient and the width of a crack, and interference of steel reinforcing bars with the electromagnetic field used for time-domain reflectometry measurements. Test results have shown that the sprayed coating can significantly enhance the uniformity of coaxial cable sensors and thus the quality of measured data. With controlled cracking tests, the peak reflection coefficient was found linearly related to the width of a crack. Furthermore, the interference by the adjacent steel bars is negligible even when a coaxial sensor is nearly in contact with a reinforcing bar.
Immunoparesis status in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis at diagnosis affects response and survival by regimen type (2016)

Clinical tools to guide in the appropriate treatment selection in immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis are not well developed. We evaluated the response and outcome for various regimens at first-line treatment (n=681) and first progression (n=240) stratified by the immunoparesis status at diagnosis. Immunoparesis was assessed by the average relative difference of the uninvolved immunoglobulins, classifying patients into a negative average relative difference (i.e. significant immunoparesis) or a positive average relative difference (no/modest immunoparesis). Treatment was categorized as autologous stem cell transplant and four non-transplant regimens (melphalan-based; bortezomib-based, immunomodulatory drug-based and dexamethasone alone). Patients with significant immunoparesis who underwent stem cell transplant had a significantly lower rate of very good partial response or better response (58%), progression-free survival (median 30 months) and overall survival (108 months), compared to those without significant immunoparesis (80%, 127 months, median not reached, respectively; P<0.001 for all comparisons). Among the non-transplant regimens, melphalan resulted in an unfavorable progression-free survival (11 vs. 27 months; P<0.001) and overall survival (30 vs. 74 months; P=0.001) in patients with significant immunoparesis compared to those without significant immunoparesis. In contrast, no significant difference in outcomes between the immunoparesis groups was seen for those treated with bortezomib or immunomodulatory drugs. At first progression, immunoparesis status did not impact response or survival of any regimen. Melphalan at first-line provided poorer outcomes for patients with significant immunoparesis, while bortezomib or immunomodulatory drugs were more likely to overcome the adverse prognosis associated with significant immunoparesis.