gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and rapid recovery of the Sutter's Mill meteorite fall as a model for future recoveries worldwide (2014)

Abstract The Sutter's Mill C‐type meteorite fall occurred on 22 April 2012 in and around the town of Coloma, California. The exact location of the meteorite fall was determined within hours of the event using a combination of eyewitness reports, weather radar imagery, and seismometry data. Recovery of the first meteorites occurred within 2 days and continued for months afterward. The recovery effort included local citizens, scientists, and meteorite hunters, and featured coordination efforts by local scientific institutions. Scientific analysis of the collected meteorites revealed characteristics that were available for study only because the rapid collection of samples had minimized terrestrial contamination/alteration. This combination of factors—rapid and accurate location of the event, participation in the meteorite search by the public, and coordinated scientific investigation of recovered samples—is a model that was widely beneficial and should be emulated in future meteorite falls. The tools necessary to recreate the Sutter's Mill recovery are available, but are currently underutilized in much of the world. Weather radar networks, scientific institutions with interest in meteoritics, and the interested public are available globally. Therefore, it is possible to repeat the Sutter's Mill recovery model for future meteorite falls around the world, each for relatively little cost with a dedicated researcher. Doing so will significantly increase the number of fresh meteorite falls available for study, provide meteorite material that can serve as the nuclei of new meteorite collections, and will improve the public visibility of meteoritics research.
Extracellular miRNAs for the Management of Barrett’s Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review (2020)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), the major histologic type of esophageal cancer (EC) in Western countries, is a disease with a poor prognosis, primarily due to usual diagnosis at an advanced stage. The prevalence of EAC has increased in recent years, both in Western countries and in Asia. Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a precursor lesion of EAC. Therefore, early detection and proper management of BE and EAC is important to improve prognosis. Here, we systematically summarize current knowledge about the potential utility of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs), which are thought to be non-invasive biomarkers for many diseases, for these purposes. A search of the PubMed and Embase databases identified 22 papers about extracellular miRNAs that have potential utility for management of EAC. Among them, 19 were EAC-related and ten were BE-related; some of these dealt with both conditions. The articles included studies reporting diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment responses. Multiple papers report dysregulation of miR-194-5p in BE and miR-21-5p, -25-3p, and -93-5p in EAC. Although it will take time to utilize these miRNAs in clinical practice, they are likely to be useful non-invasive markers in the future.
Molecular Dynamics Probed by Ultrafast Coherent X-Rays (2010)

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Nonradiative energy back transfer from erbium in silicon by impurity Auger process (1996)

The investigations of the temperature dependence of intensity and decay time of the photoluminescence of Erbium in silicon show that the luminescence quenching is caused by a nonradiative energy back transfer from the excited Erbium. The electroluminescence decay is studied by applying different bias conditions during the decay. In a two-beam experiment the PL decay is monitored for different background excitation laser powers. The observed changes of the decay time are a strong evidence for the impurity auger effect as an efficient luminescence quenching mechanism of erbium in silicon. It is also shown that the fast initial luminescence decay component is related to the quenching by excess carriers. The power dependence, the decay profiles with two components and the two-beam experiment can be simulated by solving a set of rate equations considering the formation of excitons, the decrease of pumping efficiency by exciton auger recombination and the decrease of radiation efficiency by the impurity auger effect with free electrons.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Phenylazophenyl Glycosides and a Study of Their Liquid Crystal Properties (2003)

Several 4-(4'-N,N-didodecylaminophenylazo)phenyl 1,2-trans glycosides 5a-e with various carbohydrate heads (beta-D-gluco, beta-D-galacto, beta-lacto, beta-D-xylo, and alpha-D-manno) have been synthesized. The key step was the formation of phenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborates 2a-e from the per-O-acetylated 4-aminophenyl glycosides 1a-e. These salts were condensed with N,N-didodecylaniline under phase transfer conditions and the per-O-acetylated 4-(4'-N,N-didodecylaminophenylazo)phenyl 1,2-trans glycosides 4a-e were fully de-O-acetylated by the Zemplén method. The self-organizing liquid crystal properties of the compounds were investigated by a variety of techniques, including polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. All but one of the materials exhibited smectic A, lamellar phases. Remarkably, the glucose derivative exhibited a rectangular disordered columnar phase. This result has implications with respect to the induced curvature created by the recognition processes of the glucose headgroup relative to the other sugar moieties and to the prevalence of various glycolipids in cell membranes
Identification of multifunctional cytotoxic T-cell subsets as immune correlates with clinical outcomes in a phase II study of AGS-003, an autologous dendritic cell-based therapy administered to patients with newly diagnosed, metastatic RCC. (2012)

80 Background: AGS-003 is an autologous dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy prepared from matured monocyte-derived DC co-electroporated with the subject’s own amplified tumor RNA and synthetic CD40L RNA. The mechanism of action (MOA) of AGS-003 was evaluated in combination with sunitinib for treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in AGS-003-006, an open label phase II trial including subjects with newly diagnosed, unfavorable-risk, metastatic clear cell RCC. The goal of the immune monitoring platform is to identify unique cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) signatures that correlate with clinical outcome in subjects receiving AGS-003 in combination with sunitinib. Methods: Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to identify tumor-reactive CTL subsets induced by AGS-003 based on combinatorial expression patterns of surface markers CD28, CD45RA, CD27 and CCR7. Moreover, further partitioning of each CTL subset identified combinatorial expression patterns of Markers of Immune Function (MIFs) defined as cytokines (IFN-γ TNF-α, IL-2), cytolytic markers (Granzyme b, CD107) and proliferation. Correlates of CTL signatures with clinical outcome were analyzed using an adaptation of a binary tree-structured vector quantization (BTSVQ) approach, originally developed to cluster and visualize large microarray data sets. The BTSVQ approach implements a two-way unsupervised clustering that allows a subject’s CTL signature to be mapped based on both surface marker and MIFs expression patterns to identify unique clustering patterns linked to clinical outcome. Results: Data analysis identified a unique CTL signature (CD28 + /CCR7 + /CD45RA - phenotype) displaying a broad MIFs profile as a statistically significant correlate to PFS and OS in patients treated with AGS-003. Conclusions: These results support the intended MOA of AGS-003 in vivo, as the induction of anti-tumor central and effector memory CTL responses. These data warrant further immunological evaluation of AGS-003 in the randomized phase III ADAPT study using AGS-003 in combination with standard treatment in RCC subjects.
Gastrostomy Tube Placement by Endoscopy Versus Radiologic Methods in Patients with ALS: A Retrospective Review of Complications and Outcome (P01.101) (2012)

Objective: To better define the best method of gastrostomy (G) tube placement for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Background Weight loss and nutritional status are prognostic factors for survival during the course of ALS. Ultimately, a G-tube is often needed to deliver nutrition. G-tube placement can be performed by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or radiologically inserted gastrostomy (RIG) procedures. Further, RIG can be performed as internal-external pull-type (pull-type-RIG) or external-internal (push-type-RIG) methods. Safe G-tube placement must overcome specific challenges in the ALS population. Most ALS patients in need of G-tubes have concomitant respiratory failure. Aspiration, post-operative pneumonia, and peri-procedure respiratory failure are important concerns for ALS patients that undergo surgical procedures that necessitate sedative medications and anesthetic agents. The best method for G-tube placement has not been well defined in this population. Design/Methods: Retrospective cohort study of ALS patients that underwent G-tube placement by PEG or RIG. Results: Statistical analysis was performed on consecutive ALS patients that underwent G-tube placement by PEG and RIG. 50 patients were analyzed in each group. The two methods were compared with respect to peri-interventional aspects and clinical results. Parameters assessed included procedure success rate, peri- and post-procedural complications, length of hospital stay, 6-month mortality, and pain. Age, FVC, and ALSFRS were assessed in separate analysis to determine their impact on the success and complication rate of both procedure types. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare these parameters in the pull-type-RIG and push-type-RIG groups. Conclusions: Procedural related complications, including aspiration and post-operative pneumonia, are more common in ALS patients that undergo G-tube placement by the PEG method. RIG is a safer and more efficacious alternative in patients with ALS. We speculate that the limited use of general anesthesia and sedation during the RIG procedure accounts for the superior outcome in the RIG population. Disclosure: Dr. Allen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hall has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wallery has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ajroud-Driss has nothing to disclose. Dr. Armstrong has nothing to disclose. Dr. McManus has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cook has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sufit has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chrisman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wolfe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siddique has nothing to disclose.
ADCIRC: An Advanced Three-Dimensional Circulation Model for Shelves, Coasts, and Estuaries. Report 5. A Tropical Storm Database for the East and Gulf of Mexico Coasts of the United States. (1994)

This report summarizes results of a numerical storm surge study conducted for the east coast of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. The report describes a database of surge elevations and currents produced from the numerical simulation of 134 historically based tropical storm events and their maximum water level surge impact at 486 discrete locations along the east and gulf coasts of the United States and Puerto Rico. A visual indication of the spatial distribution of the peak surge elevation is provided in the form of an atlas of storm track and maximum storm surge corresponding to a 246-station nearshore subset of the 486-location database. The simulated events used to generate the results contained in this report are not intended to be hindcasts of historic events. The goal was to provide a database of events similar to historic events which can be used to evaluate project response to, or protection afforded from, events which are realistic in both magnitude and duration for a specific location. If use of the database indicates a more detailed study is necessary, then the modeling techniques described in this report can be used to hindcast specific events. This hindcasting procedure requires detailed verification of the storm event by comparing computed results to prototype data, a procedure which was beyond the scope of this study.
An EPR and ab initio study of a phosphaalkene radical anion and comparison with other phosphorus-containing radical ions (1992)

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) is an efficient method to obtain information about the spin densities in organic radicals containing a heteroatom and, when used in conjonction with ab initio calculations, this spectroscopy can yield a precise description of the structure of these species. In the present study, our purpose is to compare the spin delocalization on the following three paramagnetic moieties (-P=C P-P<) and to verify to what extent the ab initio predictions agree with the experimental hyperfine tensors. For each of these species the unpaired electron is expected to be mainly localized on both a phosphorus and an adjacent atom and the experimental parameters will consist in the P and C coupling tensors obtained from frozen solutions. Organic molecules containing a trivalent dicoordinated phosphorus atom are very reactive; they can nevertheless be isolated at room temperature when the organic group which is linked to the phosphorus atom by a single bond is very cumbersome. 2,4,6tri(tertbutyl)phenyl-phenylmethylenphosphaalkene I and bis(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)diphosphene II are good examples of such compounds.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Coordinates Early Tooth Mineralization (2018)

Formation of highly organized dental hard tissues is a complex process involving sequential and ordered deposition of an extracellular scaffold, followed by its mineralization. Odontoblast and ameloblast differentiation involves reciprocal and sequential epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Similar to early tooth development, various Bmps are expressed during this process, although their functions have not been explored in detail. Here, we investigated the role of odontoblast-derived Bmp2 for tooth mineralization using Bmp2 conditional knockout mice. In developing molars, Bmp2LacZ reporter mice revealed restricted expression of Bmp2 in early polarized and functional odontoblasts while it was not expressed in mature odontoblasts. Loss of Bmp2 in neural crest cells, which includes all dental mesenchyme, caused a delay in dentin and enamel deposition. Immunohistochemistry for nestin and dentin sialoprotein (Dsp) revealed polarization defects in odontoblasts, indicative of a role for Bmp2 in odontoblast organization. Surprisingly, pSmad1/5/8, an indicator of Bmp signaling, was predominantly reduced in ameloblasts, with reduced expression of amelogenin ( Amlx), ameloblastin ( Ambn), and matrix metalloproteinase ( Mmp20). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that loss of Bmp2 resulted in increased expression of the Wnt antagonists dickkopf 1 ( Dkk1) in the epithelium and sclerostin ( Sost) in mesenchyme and epithelium. Odontoblasts showed reduced Wnt signaling, which is important for odontoblast differentiation, and a strong reduction in dentin sialophosphoprotein ( Dspp) but not collagen 1 a1 ( Col1a1) expression. Mature Bmp2-deficient teeth, which were obtained by transplanting tooth germs from Bmp2-deficient embryos under a kidney capsule, showed a dentinogenesis imperfecta type II-like appearance. Micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy revealed reduced dentin and enamel thickness, indistinguishable primary and secondary dentin, and deposition of ectopic osteodentin. This establishes that Bmp2 provides an early temporal, nonredundant signal for directed and organized tooth mineralization.
Group delay ripple in chirped fiber Bragg gratings: theory, measurement, and reduction (2003)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Sumetsky, N. M. Litchinitser, P. S. Westbrook, and Y. Li, "Group delay ripple in chirped fiber Bragg gratings: theory, measurement, and reduction," in Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper MB1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Genomics and Proteomics Features of Listeria monocytogenes (2019)

Consumption of contaminated food has raised the number of outbreaks of fatal foodborne illness in last four decades. In most of the cases, pathogenic bacterial contamination has played the eminent role in these epidemic outbreaks. Listeria monocytogenes, a ubiquitous, Gram-positive, intracellular pathogenic bacterium has emerged as a leading causative contaminant in most of the outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Foodborne listeriosis caused by L. monocytogenes is one of the severe diseases with 0.1 to 10 cases per one million people every year, depending on the country and regions of the world. Listeria species are widely present in nature, including soil, sewage, water, plant, silage and in the intestinal tract of domestic animals (cattle, goats and sheep), and in humans where food acts as a principal carrier of infection, transmitting the bacteria through unprocessed meat, fish, vegetables, unpasteurized milk, etc. Due to its highly adaptive nature and high rate of evolving efficacy, L. monocytogenes can survive in adverse environmental conditions, such as a wide range of pH and temperature, low water activity, and high salt concentrations. Several surface proteins, such as hemolysin (listeriolysin O), two distinct phospholipases, ActA, and several internalins, act as major virulence factors. The role of these proteins, along with the genes involved in the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes, is discussed in this chapter.
Traitement des lisiers de porc par un procédé de biofiltration : Étude de formation du méthane (in French) (2014)

Il est admis que la production de méthane (CH 4 ) à partir de la décomposition de la matière organique est effectuée par des microorganismes méthanogènes en condition anaérobie. C’est pour cette raison que le CH 4 , un gaz à effet de serre (GES) possédant un pouvoir de réchauffement global (PRG) équivalent à 25 fois celui du CO 2 , n’est généralement pas considéré dans les protocoles de quantification de GES concernant les procédés de traitement d’eaux usées par voie aérobie. Or, selon le type de procédé aérobie et les conditions d’opération, du méthane peut effectivement être produit. Cette note technique montre des résultats obtenus lors d’essais pilotes en laboratoire avec un biofiltre traitant du lisier de porc. Il en ressort clairement que la formation de méthane est possible avec ce type de procédé, et que les concentrations générées peuvent être non négligeables. Par conséquent, cet élément doit donc être pris en compte pour l’optimisation des procédés de traitement aérobie en rapport aux aspects liés à la réduction des GES et la lutte aux changements climatiques.
Optical-Fiber Cable Employing 200-μm-Coated Four-Core Multicore Fibers (2022)

Combining small-diameter optical-fiber technology and space-division multiplexing employing multicore fiber (MCF) is a promising method for further increasing the transmission capacity of optical networks. In this work, four-core MCFs with a 200-&#x03BC;m coating diameter (200-4CFs), reduced from 250 &#x03BC;m, were fabricated. The 200-4CFs had featured almost the same characteristics as the 4CFs with a 250-m cladding diameter. The 200-4CFs were ribbonized and cabled. This cabling represents the first time approach employing an MCF with a 200-&#x03BC;m coating. The attenuation increase caused by the cabling was compared with that of 4CFs with 250-&#x03BC;m coating diameter and SMFs. The effective bending radius of the 4CFs in a cable employing partially bonded ribbons was investigated and determined to be smaller than the cable-drum radius. Mechanical and environmental tests based on IEC standards were performed on the cable employing 200-4CFs, and the cable exhibited excellent performance. The scalability of high-fiber-count cables employing 200-4CFs was also demonstrated. Finally, the applicability of an automatic splice with core identification via side-view alignment is presented.
Joint loading with valgus bracing in patients with varus gonarthrosis. (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a brace designed to unload varus degenerative knees actually alters medial compartment loads by decreasing the adduction moment. Eleven patients who had arthrosis confined to the medial compartment were fitted with a valgus brace and tested before and after brace wear with pain and function scoring instruments and by automated gait analysis. The biomechanical data from these patients were compared with those from 11 healthy control subjects. Scores from an analog pain scale decreased 48% with brace wear, and function with activities of daily living increased 79%. Mean adduction moment without the brace measured 4.0 +/- 0.8% body weight times height versus 3.6 +/- 0.8% body weight times height when wearing the brace (10% decrease). The mean adduction moment for control subjects was 3.5 +/- 0.6% body weight times height. Thus, the mean adduction moment decreased from approximately one standard deviation from the normal mean to a value that is similar to the control value. Nine of 11 patients had a decrease in the adduction moment with the brace, five of 11 patients had a reduction higher than 10%, and decreases in this moment were as high as 32%. This study shows that pain, function, and biomechanical knee loading can be altered by a brace designed to unload the medial compartment of the knee.
Genetic Diversity and Heterosis of Spring Wheat Crosses (1998)

Genetic diversity between parents may contribute positively to both heterosis and transgressive segregation. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) whether genetic diversity in spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) affected F 2 bulk heterosis and (ii) whether genetic diversity affected the amount of transgressive segregation among progeny from a cross. Genetic diversity was measured by pedigrees, morphology, and gliadin seed proteins. Heterosis was evaluated for 137 F 2 bulks tested at two Minnesota locations in 1993 and three locations in 1994. These bulks were developed from crosses among 91 cultivars. No linear relationship between genetic distance and F 2 bulk heterosis was detected. However, when crosses were divided into related and unrelated groups, crosses with parents unrelated by pedigree or morphology expressed greater heterosis than crosses with related parents. Bulks of crosses between cultivars that were classified as unrelated by two or more of the distance measures showed more heterosis than related crosses. Thus, part of heterosis seems to be due to parental diversity, though not in a linear fashion. Expression of greater‐than‐average heterosis by the highest yielding bulks, without an increase in genetic distance, suggested additional factors were influencing the expression of heterosis. Transgressive segregation was evaluated for six of the 137 crosses; 30 to 40 inbred lines from each of the crosses was evaluated in three environments. Data for these populations were consistent with an additive genetic model. The expression of heterosis was due in part to genetic diversity but was unpredictable and also depended on factors not elucidated by this study.
Gaussian modelling for operator-independent and threshold-free volumetric segmentation of phase sensitive inversion recovery late gadolinium enhanced images (2011)

To objectively determine the volume of damage measured by late Gadolinium enhancement (LGE) using threshold-free statistical fit to the distribution of image intensities to reflect the tissue heterogeneity, presence of noise and partial volume effects.