gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotating disk membrane oxygenator based on transmembrane catalysis of hydrogen peroxide. (1978)

1) Oxygen transfer in the catalyst membrane oxygenator is not limited by diffusion through the blood-membrane boundary layer. Instead, oxygen transfer occurs at a rate independent of blood flow conditions and is evenly distributed over the membrane surface. Shear-induced mixing combined with high boundary O2 layer gradients are the mechanisms of transfer. 2) The rotating disk design provides very high level oxygen transfer. However, H2O2 concentration, blood flow rate, and disk rotation rate must be adjusted so that excess O2 supersaturation in the blood-membrane boundary does not lead to significant bubble formation. 3) The catalyst membranes used in the hemodialysis-based oxygenator have been industrially produced. 4) Effective CO2 transfer can be carried out across a hemodialysis type of membrane as previously reported. 5) The catalyst membrane oxygenator as studied in the dog performs well for 3-5 hrs, at which time inhibition of the catalyst leads to H2O2 breakthrough which causes methemoglobin formation. The mechanisms of catalyst inhibition and ways for its prevention are under study. 6) The catalyst membrane oxygenator offers the advantages of simultaneous artificial kidney treatment. This feature may be of help in maintaining acid-base balance and treating edema states.
A Simple Satellite Exclusion Algorithm for Advanced RAIM (2016)

Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring is a concept that extends RAIM to multi-constellation and dual frequency that could provide worldwide coverage of vertical guidance [1], [2]. A baseline algorithm for the user receiver has been described in [3]. This algorithm includes the computation of the Protection Levels, the Effective Monitor Threshold, the accuracy, and the description of a preliminary exclusion algorithm, which was refined in [4]. The exclusion function helps maintain availability through the duration of a fault or to meet the continuity requirements. In our previous work [4], we had proposed an exclusion algorithm for ARAIM whose goal was to provide a set of conditions under which a fault (satellite or group of satellites, for example) can be excluded and treated as if it was flagged by the ground. This property allows the receiver to treat the satellites remaining after exclusion as an all-in-view situation, which greatly simplifies the processing. To achieve this goal, that algorithm used exclusion confirmation tests. The thresholds of the exclusion confirmation tests were tied to the Protection Level equation. There were two minor drawbacks in this algorithm. First, the exclusion confirmation tests, although not computationally expensive, require a complex description and a somewhat complicated logic. Second, when the exclusion confirmation tests do not pass, (that is, in practice when there are other consistent sets,) there can be a momentary loss of performance due to the ambiguity in which is the correct exclusion. In this paper we present an evolution of the exclusion scheme presented in [4] that, while retaining its qualities, solves the first issue and mitigates the second one. To address the first one, the logic of the algorithm has been simplified: it now uses the same function to compute the Protection Levels whether exclusion has been performed or not. The second issue, that is, the loss of performance, is mitigated by exploiting the ambiguity as to which satellite must be excluded. In this new algorithm, the exclusion confirmation tests are now only an output of the all-in-view Protection Level calculation. We will present a step by step description of the algorithm, and the associated analytical proof of integrity. To show the performance of the algorithm in a realistic setting, we will test the algorithm using GPS and GLONASS measurements (both with real faults and injected faults).
Near-infrared and mid-infrared semiconductor broadband light emitters (2017)

Semiconductor broadband light emitters have emerged as ideal and vital light sources for a range of biomedical sensing/imaging applications, especially for optical coherence tomography systems. Although near-infrared broadband light emitters have found increasingly wide utilization in these imaging applications, the requirement to simultaneously achieve both a high spectral bandwidth and output power is still challenging for such devices. Owing to the relatively weak amplified spontaneous emission, as a consequence of the very short non-radiative carrier lifetime of the inter-subband transitions in quantum cascade structures, it is even more challenging to obtain desirable mid-infrared broadband light emitters. There have been great efforts in the past 20 years to pursue high-efficiency broadband optical gain and very low reflectivity in waveguide structures, which are two key factors determining the performance of broadband light emitters. Here we describe the realization of a high continuous wave light power of >20 mW and broadband width of >130 nm with near-infrared broadband light emitters and the first mid-infrared broadband light emitters operating under continuous wave mode at room temperature by employing a modulation p-doped InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot active region with a 'J'-shape ridge waveguide structure and a quantum cascade active region with a dual-end analogous monolithic integrated tapered waveguide structure, respectively. This work is of great importance to improve the performance of existing near-infrared optical coherence tomography systems and describes a major advance toward reliable and cost-effective mid-infrared imaging and sensing systems, which do not presently exist due to the lack of appropriate low-coherence mid-infrared semiconductor broadband light sources.
Development of an optical joint transform correlation system for fingerprint recognition (1999)

Yuji KobayashiHaruyoshi ToyodaCentral Research LaboratoryHamamatsu Photonics K.K.5000, Hirakuchi, HamakitaShizuoka 434-8601, JapanE-mail: kobayasi@crl.hpk.co.jp,toyoda@crl.hpk.co.jpAbstract. A compact joint transform correlator is designed and con-structed to test the properties of a practical application and is applied toﬁngerprint recognition. The system performance is evaluated on ﬁnger-print recognition accuracy under thermal conditions ranging from 0 to40°C and is found to provide a high level of identiﬁcation and rapidprocessing abilities under actual environmental conditions.
CD4+ T cell STAT3 phosphorylation precedes acute GVHD, and subsequent Th17 tissue invasion correlates with GVHD severity and therapeutic response (2015)

Th17 cells contribute to severe GVHD in murine bone marrow transplantation. Targeted deletion of the RORγt transcription factor or blockade of the JAK2-STAT3 axis suppresses IL-17 production and alloreactivity by Th17 cells. Here, we show that pSTAT3 Y705 is increased significantly in CD4(+) T cells among human recipients of allogeneic HCT before the onset of Grade II-IV acute GVHD. Examination of target-organ tissues at the time of GVHD diagnosis indicates that the amount of RORγt + Th17 cells is significantly higher in severe GVHD. Greater accumulation of tissue-resident Th17 cells also correlates with the use of MTX- compared with Rapa-based GVHD prophylaxis, as well as a poor therapeutic response to glucocorticoids. RORγt is optimally suppressed by concurrent neutralization of TORC1 with Rapa and inhibition of STAT3 activation with S3I-201, supporting that mTOR- and STAT3-dependent pathways converge upon RORγt gene expression. Rapa-resistant T cell proliferation can be totally inhibited by STAT3 blockade during initial allosensitization. We conclude that STAT3 signaling and resultant Th17 tissue accumulation are closely associated with acute GVHD onset, severity, and treatment outcome. Future studies are needed to validate the association of STAT3 activity in acute GVHD. Novel GVHD prevention strategies that incorporate dual STAT3 and mTOR inhibition merit investigation.
Pre-dialysis fluid status, pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure and outcome in prevalent haemodialysis patients: results of an international cohort study on behalf of the MONDO initiative (2018)

The relation between pre-SBP and outcome is dependent on pre-dialysis FS. Low pre-SBP appears to be disadvantageous in patients with FO or FD, but not in NV patients. Post-dialysis FD was found to associate with improved survival. Therefore, we suggest interpreting pre-SBP levels in the context of FS and not as an isolated marker.
Necdin is expressed in cachectic skeletal muscle to protect fibers from tumor-induced wasting (2009)

Skeletal muscles of subjects with advanced cancer undergo progressive wasting, referred to as cachexia. Cachexia is an important area for medical research because strategies proposed until now have yielded little benefit. We have recently identified necdin as a key player in fetal and postnatal physiological myogenesis and in muscle regeneration. Here we show that necdin is selectively expressed in muscles of cachetic mice and prove that its expression is causally linked to a protective response of the tissue against tumor-induced wasting, inhibition of myogenic differentiation and fiber regeneration. Necdin carries out this role mainly via interference with TNFalpha signaling at various levels, including regulation of expression of TNFR1 and p53, and regulation of the activity of caspase 3 and caspase 9. These data suggest that inhibition of muscle wasting using necdin is a feasible approach to treat cachexia in neoplastic patients.
Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase (1999)

A substantial number of sulfobetaines (e.g., 10) have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of squalene synthase (SS) on the basis of the idea that their zwitterionic structure would have properties conducive both to binding in the active site and to passage through cell membranes. When the simple sulfobetaine moiety is incorporated into compounds containing hydrophobic portions like those in farnesyl diphosphate (1) or presqualene diphosphate (2), inhibition of SS in a rat liver microsomal assay was indeed observed. For example, farnesylated sulfobetaine 10 has IC(50) = 10 &mgr;M and aromatic derivative 35 has IC(50) = 2 &mgr;M for SS inhibition. A wide variety of structural modifications, exemplified by compounds 43, 52, 76, 85, 91, 99, 111, and 115, was investigated. Unfortunately, no inhibitors in the submicromolar range were discovered, and exploration of a different type of zwitterion seems necessary if this appealing approach to inhibition of SS is going to provide a potential antihypercholesterolemic agent.
Joint Sparse Graph for FBMC/OQAM Systems (2018)

As an advanced nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique, the low density signature (LDS) has never been used in filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems. In this paper, we model a low density weight matrix (LDWM) to utilize the intrinsic interference in FBMC systems when single-tap equalization is employed, and propose a LDS-FBMC scheme which applies LDS to FBMC signals. In addition, a joint sparse graph (JSG) for FBMC named JSG-FBMC is proposed to combine single graphs of LDS, LDWM, and low density parity-check (LDPC) codes which respectively represent techniques of NOMA, multicarrier modulation, and channel coding. By employing the message passing algorithm, a joint receiver performing detection and decoding simultaneously on the joint sparse graph is designed. Extrinsic information transfer charts and construction guidelines of the joint sparse graph are studied. Simulations show the superiority of JSG-FBMC to state-of-the-art techniques such as OFDM, FBMC, LDS-OFDM, LDS-FBMC, and turbostructured LDS-FBMC.
Discovery of an Oxycyclohexyl Acid Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 (LPA1) Antagonist BMS-986278 for the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrotic Diseases (2021)

The oxycyclohexyl acid BMS-986278 (<b>33</b>) is a potent lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA<sub>1</sub>) antagonist, with a human LPA<sub>1</sub> <i>K</i><sub>b</sub> of 6.9 nM. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies starting from the LPA<sub>1</sub> antagonist clinical compound BMS-986020 (<b>1</b>), which culminated in the discovery of <b>33</b>, are discussed. The detailed in vitro and in vivo preclinical pharmacology profiles of <b>33,</b> as well as its pharmacokinetics/metabolism profile, are described. On the basis of its in vivo efficacy in rodent chronic lung fibrosis models and excellent overall ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) properties in multiple preclinical species, <b>33</b> was advanced into clinical trials, including an ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with lung fibrosis (NCT04308681).
Herpes Simplex Virus Protein Targets for CD4 and CD8 Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity in Cultured Epidermal Keratinocytes Treated with Interferon-γ (1996)

In early recurrent herpetic lesions, CD4 T lymphocytes are the predominant infiltrating cells, and keratinocytes expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), are the major site of herpes simplex virus (HSV) replication. IFN-gamma pretreatment of human keratinocytes in vitro reduced MHC class I antigen down-regulation by HSV-1 infection and induced expression of HLA-DR that was unaltered by subsequent HSV-1 infection. Incubation of these infected keratinocytes with phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) almost completely inhibited expression of four major HSV glycoproteins, although expression of early proteins was not affected. Weak CD8 T lymphocyte cytotoxicity against IFN-gamma-stimulated, HLA-DR-expressing HSV-1-infected keratinocytes was consistently directed to the immediate early/early proteins (all 9 patients tested) but against late proteins to a lesser degree (4/9 patients). However, CD4 T lymphocyte cytotoxicity was much greater and directed predominantly against late HSV-1 glycoproteins (all 9 subjects tested) in these cells.
Prevalence of Lid Wiper Epitheliopathy in Subjects With Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms (2010)

The prevalence of LWE was six times greater for the DED group and the prevalence of LWE Grade 2 or greater was 16 times greater for the DED group than for the control group. These data further establish LWE as a diagnostic sign of dry eye disease.
[Corrigendum] Aurora kinase inhibitors:�Potential molecular-targeted drugs for gynecologic malignant tumors (Review) (2019)

Subsequently to the publication of the above review article, the authors have realized that they made an error in terms of the description of the Aurora kinase inhibitor, ZM44739. Concerning the sentence in the section ‘3. Clinical applications of Aurora kinase inhibitors’, on p. 337, right-hand column, lines 7-8, the authors wrote ‘ZM447439 was reported as the first Aurora kinase inhibitor in 2003 and is currently in phase I clinical trials...’; however, a phase I clinical trial with this drug has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this sentence should be corrected to the following: ‘ZM447439 was reported as the first Aurora kinase inhibitor in 2003’. The authors apologize to the readership of the Journal for the misinformation in this regard, and for any inconvenience caused. [the original article was published in Biomed Rep 1: 335-340, 2013; DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.91]
From Ill-defined Problems to Informed Decisions (2014)

Decision makers such as military leaders and security analysts are increasingly being asked to make decisions on ill-defined problems. These problems may contain uncertain or incomplete data, and are often complex to piece together. Consequently, decision makers rely heavily on intuition, knowledge and experience. We argue for rich narratives that encapsulate both explicit data and implicit knowledge, supported by three levels of provenance: data, analytical and reasoning. Our hypotheses is that visual analytics tools and methods can help to provide a valuable means to make sense of these complex data, and to help make this tacit knowledge explicit, to support the construction and presentation of the decision.
High frequency resistive switching behavior of amorphous TiO2 and NiO (2022)

Resistive switching (RS) of Transition Metal Oxides (TMOs) has become not only an attractive choice for the development of next generation non-volatile memory, but also as a suitable family of materials capable of supporting high-frequency and high-speed switching needed for the next generation wireless communication technologies, such as 6G. The exact mechanism of RS is not yet clearly understood; however, it is widely accepted to be related to the formation and rupture of sub-stoichiometric conductive filaments (Magnéli phases) of the respective oxides upon activation. Here, we examine the switching behaviour of amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> and NiO both under the DC regime and in the high frequency mode. We show that the DC resistance of amorphous TiO<sub>2</sub> is invariant of the length of the active region. In contrast, the resistance of the NiO samples exhibits a strong dependence on the length, and its DC resistance reduces as the length is increased. We further show that the high frequency switching characteristics of TiO<sub>2</sub>, reflected in insertion losses in the ON state and isolation in the OFF state, are far superior to those of NiO. Fundamental inferences stem from these findings, which not only enrich our understanding of the mechanism of conduction in binary/multinary oxides but are essential for the enablement of widespread use of binary/multinary oxides in emerging non-volatile memory and 6G mm-wave applications. As an example of a possible application supported by TMOs, is a Reflective-Type Variable Attenuator (RTVA), shown here. It is designed to operate at a centre frequency of 15 GHz. The results indicate that it has a dynamic range of no less than 18 dB with a maximum insertion loss of 2.1 dB.
Linear Viscoelasticity of a Polymeric Bicontinuous Microemulsion (2002)

Ternary polymer blends of immiscible homopolymers and the corresponding diblock copolymer are useful models for studying equilibrium and nonequilibrium behavior of self-assembled fluids. We report linear viscoelastic data for a polymeric bicontinuous microemulsion, experiments that are possible due to the comparatively high viscosities of the principal components. After subtracting a viscous background contribution from the pure constituents, the microemulsion exhibits “excess” viscoelastic behavior similar in character to that resulting from the Rouse model of polymer dynamics. The data are compared to the predictions of a time-dependent Landau−Ginzburg model developed by Pätzold and Dawson, using structural parameters derived from neutron scattering as input. This model captures the essential characteristics of the viscoelastic behavior very well. However, using independent dynamic light scattering measurements of the Onsager coefficient for these blends, it appears that the model fails to predict either the magnitude or the temperature dependence of the zero shear viscosity and relaxation time of the microemulsion accurately. Possible origins for these discrepancies are discussed.
Spatially coupled codes over the multiple access channel (2011)

We consider spatially coupled code ensembles over a multiple access channel. Convolutional LDPC ensembles are one instance of spatially coupled codes. It was shown recently that, for transmission over the binary erasure channel, this coupling of individual code ensembles has the effect of increasing the belief propagation threshold of the coupled ensembles to the maximum a-posteriori threshold of the underlying ensemble. In this sense, spatially coupled codes were shown to be capacity achieving. It was observed, empirically, that these codes are universal in the sense that they achieve performance close to the Shannon threshold for any general binary-input memoryless symmetric channels. In this work we provide further evidence of the threshold saturation phenomena when transmitting over a class of multiple access channel. We show, by density evolution analysis and EXIT curves, that the belief propagation threshold of the coupled ensembles is very close to the ultimate Shannon limit.
Cometabolism of chlorinated solvents and binary chlorinated solvent mixtures using M. trichosporium OB3b PP358 (1999)

The mutant methanotroph, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b PP358, which constitutively expresses soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO), was used to study the degradation kinetics of individual chlorinated solvents and binary solvent mixtures. Although sMMO's broad specificity permits a wide range of chlorinated solvents to be degraded, it creates the potential for competitive inhibition of degradation rates in mixtures because multiple chemicals are simultaneously available to the enzyme. To effectively design both ex-situ and in-situ groundwater bioremediation systems using strain PP358, kinetic parameters for chlorinated solvent degradation and accurate kinetic expressions to account for inhibition in mixtures are required. Toward this end, the degradation parameters for six prevalent chlorinated solvents and the verification of enzyme competition model for binary mixtures were the focus of this investigation. M. trichosporium OB3b PP358 degraded trichloroethylene (TCE), chloroform, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (c-DCE), trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) rapidly, with maximum substrate transformation rates of >20.8, 3.1, 9.5 24.8, and >7.5 mg/mg-day, respectively. 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) was not significantly degraded. Half-saturation coefficients ranged from 1 to greater than 10 mg/L. Competition experiments were carried out to observe the effect of a second solvent on degradation rates and to verify the applicability of the Monod model adjusted for competitive inhibition. Binary mixtures of 0.3–>0.5 mg/L TCE with up to 5 mg/L c-DCE and up to 7 mg/L 1,1,1-TCA were studied with 20 mM of formate and no growth substrate. No competition was observed at any of these concentrations. Additional competition experiments, using binary mixtures of t-DCE with TCE and t-DCE with c-DCE, were conducted at higher concentrations (i.e., 7–18 mg/L) and enzyme competition was observed. Predictions from a competitive inhibition model compared well with experimental data for these mixtures. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 65: 100–107, 1999.
Ubiquitous Home: Retrieval of Experiences in a Home Environment (2008)

Automated capture and retrieval of experiences at home is interesting due to the wide variety and personal significance of such experiences. We present a system for retrieval and summarization of continuously captured multimedia data from Ubiquitous Home, a two-room house consisting of a large number of cameras and microphones. Data from pressure based sensors on the floor are analyzed to segment footsteps of different persons. Video and audio handover are implemented to retrieve continuous video streams corresponding to moving persons. An adaptive algorithm based on the rate of footsteps summarizes these video streams. A novel method for audio segmentation using multiple microphones is used for video retrieval based on sounds with high accuracy. An experiment, in which a family lived in this house for twelve days, was conducted. The system was evaluated by the residents who used the system for retrieving their own experiences; we report and discuss the results.
Early performance of a miniaturized leadless cardiac pacemaker: the Micra Transcatheter Pacing Study (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02004873.