gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creating temporally dynamic web search snippets (2012)

Content on the Internet is always changing. We explore the value of biasing search result snippets towards new webpage content. We present results from a user study comparing traditional query-focused snippets with snippets that emphasize new page content for two query types: general and trending. Our results indicate that searchers prefer the inclusion of temporal information for trending queries but not for general queries, and that this is particularly valuable for pages that have not been recently crawled.
Development of a Tightly Controlled Off Switch for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Regulated by Camphor, a Low-Cost Natural Product (2015)

Here we describe the engineering of a distant homolog of the Tet repressor, CamR, isolated from Pseudomonas putida, that is regulated by camphor, a very inexpensive small molecule (at micromolar concentrations) for use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The repressor was engineered by expression from a constitutive yeast promoter, fusion to a viral activator protein cassette, and codon optimization. A suitable promoter responsive to the CamR fusion protein was engineered by embedding a P. putida operator binding sequence within an upstream activating sequence (UAS)-less CYC1 promoter from S. cerevisiae. The switch, named the Camphor-Off switch, activates expression of a reporter gene in camphor-free media and represses it with micromolar concentrations of camphor.
Generative modeling of temporal signal features using hierarchical probabilistic graphical models (2011)

We propose generative modeling algorithms that analyze the temporal features of non-stationary signals and represent their temporal structural dependencies using hierarchical probabilistic graphical models. First, several template sampling methods are introduced to embed the temporal signal features into multiple instantiations of statistical variables. Then the learning schemes that obtain hierarchical probabilistic graphical models from data instantiations are detailed. Based on the sampled temporal instantiations, multiple probabilistic graphical models are discovered and fit to the signal support regions. The evolution structure of these graphical models is depicted using a higher-level structural model. Finally, performance evaluations based on both simulated datasets and audio feature dataset are presented.
Plasmonic‐Induced Photon Recycling in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells (2015)

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells have emerged in the past few years to promise highly efficient photovoltaic devices at low costs. Here, temperature‐sensitive core–shell Ag@TiO 2 nanoparticles are successfully incorporated into perovskite solar cells through a low‐temperature processing route, boosting the measured device efficiencies up to 16.3%. Experimental evidence is shown and a theoretical model is developed which predicts that the presence of highly polarizable nanoparticles enhances the radiative decay of excitons and increases the reabsorption of emitted radiation, representing a novel photon recycling scheme. The work elucidates the complicated subtle interactions between light and matter in plasmonic photovoltaic composites. Photonic and plasmonic schemes such as this may help to move highly efficient perovskite solar cells closer to the theoretical limiting efficiencies.
Bioactive compounds from the edible mushroom Cortinarius caperatus (2017)

Six compounds, 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (1), 4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoic acid (2), 4-ketononanoic acid (3), methyl(2-acetylaminoethyl)sulfoxide (4), methyl benzoate (5) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (6) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Cortinarius caperatus. Compounds 1, 3, 5, and 6 inhibited growth of Flammulina velutipes mycelia. Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 exhibited growth regulatory activities toward rice seedlings, while compounds 3, 5, and 6 regulated the growth of lettuce. Compound 4 was first isolated from a natural source. In addition, the activity of compound 6 against rice was compared with those of its analogs.
Variational tetrahedral meshing (2005)

In this paper, a novel Delaunay-based variational approach to isotropic tetrahedral meshing is presented. To achieve both robustness and efficiency, we minimize a simple mesh-dependent energy through global updates of both vertex positions and connectivity. As this energy is known to be the ∠ 1 distance between an isotropic quadratic function and its linear interpolation on the mesh, our minimization procedure generates well-shaped tetrahedra. Mesh design is controlled through a gradation smoothness parameter and selection of the desired number of vertices. We provide the foundations of our approach by explaining both the underlying variational principle and its geometric interpretation. We demonstrate the quality of the resulting meshes through a series of examples.
Analysis of Turbulent Premixed Flames by DNS (2000)

Direct numerical simulation of a turbulent premixed flame with single-step irreversible Arrhenius-type reaction is performed in order to evaluate turbulent transport properties. The simulation domain is a box of 8mm×4mm×4mm. At the inflowing boundary, the mean inflowing velocity was changed on the way of the calculation and approached the turbulent burning velocity to keep a wrinkled flame in the simulation domain. As a result, a wrinkled flame appears in the turbulent flow and the vorticity is produced near the wrinkled flame. Streamwise evolutions of turbulent fluctuations somewhat decay in front of the flame region, but all components increase dramatically in the flame region, especially x component increases more than twice as much as y, z component. By the mechanism of turbulence generation in the flame region is analyzed on the basis of the Favre-averaged transport equation of turbulent kinetic energy, it is shown that the mean pressure gradient terms have important role on the produce of the kinetic energy in the flame region.
Supplementary Table 3 from Knockdown of Oncogenic KRAS in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers Suppresses Tumor Growth and Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Targeted Therapy (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Knockdown of Oncogenic KRAS in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers Suppresses Tumor Growth and Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Targeted Therapy
Fast Decentralized Learning Via Hybrid Consensus Admm (2018)

The Alternating Directions Methods of Multipliers (ADMM) has witnessed a resurgence of interest over the past few years fueled by the ever increasing demand for scalable optimization techniques to tackle real-world statistical learning problems. However, despite its success in several application settings the applicability of the traditional centralized ADMM is limited by its communication requirement to a global fusion center, which might not be always feasible. Its decentralized variant D-CADMM, on the other hand, while it alleviates this need, it does so at the expense of significantly slower convergence in cases of adverse underlying network topologies. To address the aforementioned limitations, in this work we consider the presence of multiple fusion centers and we propose a unifying framework that allows leveraging the structure of the communication network to accelerate the decentralized ADMM even in cases where it is not practical to resort to its fully centralized counterpart. We prove the linear convergence rate of the proposed approach and we verify its promising performance by carrying out numerical tests on both real and synthetic networks.
Design approaches to boundary controllers (2002)

Boundary control is a large-signal tool for the design and analysis of switching power converters. This paper focuses on design techniques for self-oscillating DC-DC converters that can be used to optimize the transient response to specific disturbances and ensure large signal stability. Incorporation of integral feedback for steady state error correction is covered as well as methods for implementing constant switching frequencies.
Total Synthesis of Spongistatin 1: A Synthetic Strategy Exploiting Its Latent Pseudo‐Symmetry (2005)

The challenging structure and potent growth inhibition properties against a variety of human cancer cell lines make Spongistatin 1 (1) an exciting target for total synthesis. Enantioselective total synthesis has been achieved by exploiting a latent element of pseudo-symmetry (- - - - - =pseudo-C2 axis) within the ABCD bis(spiroketal) fragment (red substructure).
Higher Order Correlations within Cortical Layers Dominate Functional Connectivity in Microcolumns (2013)

We report on simultaneous recordings from cells in all layers of visual cortex and models developed to capture the higher order structure of population spiking activity. Specifically, we use Ising, Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and semi-Restricted Boltzmann Machine (sRBM) models to reveal laminar patterns of activity. While the Ising model describes only pairwise couplings, the RBM and sRBM capture higher-order dependencies using hidden units. Applied to 32- channel polytrode data recorded from cat visual cortex, the higher-order mod- els discover functional connectivity preferentially linking groups of cells within a cortical layer. Both RBM and sRBM models outperform Ising models in log- likelihood. Additionally, we train all three models on spatiotemporal sequences of states, exposing temporal structure and allowing us to predict spiking from network history. This demonstrates the importance of modeling higher order in- teractions across space and time when characterizing activity in cortical networks.
An Unexpected Rate AccelerationPractical Improvements in the Baylis−Hillman Reaction (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAn Unexpected Rate AccelerationPractical Improvements in the Baylis−Hillman Reaction†Sara Rafel and James W. LeahyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5, 1521–1522Publication Date (Web):March 7, 1997Publication History Received28 June 1996Published online7 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961224whttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961224wbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1869Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Aldehydes,Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Toward Developing Non-Corrosive Acid System for Complex Scales Removal (2021)

Abstract Oil and gas industry deals with fluid streams with different ions and concentrations that might cause scale precipitation. The scale precipitation, will thereafter, affect the fluid flow characteristics. Many problems will be raised by the scale deposition that affects the overall petroleum production. This paper aims to develop a non-corrosive acid system with high dissolution efficiency for field complex scales. The paper provided a series of lab analysis that covers the compositional analysis for the collected scale sample, and evaluating the developed acid system for compatible and stable properties, dissolution efficiency, and the corrosive impact. A field scale sample that has a composite chemical composition of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, kaolinite, barium sulfate, magnetite, and halite with different weight percentages by employing the diffraction of X-ray technology. Developing the new scale dissolver was achieved by specific compositional study for the organic acids to achieve high dissolution efficiency and low corrosive impact for the field treatment operations. The study results showed the successful scale removal for the developed dissolver at 160 and 210 °F by dissolution efficiency 100 % for 5 hours. The fluid showed a stable and compatible performance with low rate of solids precipitation after the scale treatment (2.3 %). The developed dissolver has a pH of 9. The corrosion test was conducted without any scale inhibitors and the results showed the low corrosion effect by 0.0129 lbm/ft2. The obtained successful results will help to dissolve such complex field scales, maintain the well equipment, and maintain the petroleum production from scale issues.
Contactless optoelectronic integrated circuits for remote fiber optic communication and sensing applications (1992)

In this program, we introduced several new concepts which are directed at considerably reducing the complexity of existing optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) and their associated systems by providing 100% of the power requirements of the circuits located at the remote node from the near- end terminal using optical means. In particular, remote powering via the use of monolithically integrated photovoltaic (PV) cells associated with each circuit was demonstrated in the In0.53Ga0.47As/InP materials system. A novel optical logic circuit which could be optically configured to operate variously as an amplifier, bistable switch, latching switch, S-R flip flop or an inverter was used as the focus of this demonstration. Furthermore, very high sensitivity, novel heterojunction phototransistors were demonstrated for use in high sensitivity, low power applications which typify optically powered circuits. It is expected that providing local, contactless power using PV cells monolithically integrated onto the functional OEIC chip can be used to advantage in highly complex, high density optical interconnect and optical computing systems. The study of these latter applications was a central feature of a broader program which we are now pursuing at Princeton University.
View-Dependent Displays and the Space of Light Fields (2010)

In this paper we explore how light propagates from thin elements into a volume for viewing. In particular, devices that are typically connected with geometric optics, like parallax barriers, differ in treatment with those that obey physical optics, like holograms. However, the two concepts are often used to achieve the same effect of capturing or displaying a combination of spatial and angular information. This paper attempts to connect the two approaches under a general framework based in ray space, from which insights into applications and limitations of both parallax-based and holography-based systems can be observed. We show that each display form can generate a light distribution that can always be expressed as a rank-1 matrix. Knowledge of this limitation is then discussed in the context of extending the capabilities of current display forms by considering the use of partially coherent light.
<title>Preparation and characterization of excimer-laser-ablation-derived lead zirconate titanate thin films for microactuators</title> (2001)

Ferroelectric films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are currently attracting attention because of the large number of potential application in micro actuators, such as micro- mirror, micro-pump and multi-probe cantilever of AFM. In this study, thin films of Pb (Zr<SUB>0.52</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.48</SUB>) O<SUB>3</SUB> (PZT) 1.8 to approximately 2.0 micrometer thick on a Pt/Ti/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si substrate were prepared by excimer laser ablation and were crystallized by subsequent annealing. Crystalline phases in the PZT films were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The microstructure and composition of the films were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), respectively. The effect of the Pb content of the target on electrical properties of PZT thin films was investigated. The PZT films with a well- crystallized perovskite phase were obtained by adding 20 wt % excess PbO to the target and annealing at 750 degrees Celsius for 90 min. The remanent polarization and the coercive field of this 0.8 micrometer think film were 23.6 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and 60.0 kV/cm, while the dielectric constant and loss values measured at 1 kHz were approximately 935 and 0.04, respectively. Our results demonstrate that a few micrometers thick PZT thin films derived by laser ablation for use in micro actuators is possible.
The immunoregulatory role of IL‐35 in patients with interstitial lung disease (2022)

Pulmonary fibrosis involves various types of immune cells and soluble mediators, including TGF-β and IL-35, a recently identified heterodimeric cytokine that belongs to the IL-12 cytokine family. However, the effect of regulatory IL-35 may play an important role in fibrotic diseases. The aim of this paper is to explore the immunoregulatory role of IL-35 in the development of fibrosis in interstitial lung disease (ILD). To gain a better understanding of this issue, the concentrations of IL-35 and different profibrotic cytokines in fibrotic (F-ILD) and non-fibrotic (NF-ILD) patients by ELISA were compared to that of intracellular IL-35 and IL-17 on CD4+ T cells stimulated in the presence of BAL or with different ratios of recombinant IL-35 (rIL-35) and TGF-β (rTGF-β), which were evaluated by flow cytometry. We observed that BAL concentration of IL-35 was lower in F patients (p < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with concentrations of TGF-β (p < 0.001) and IL-17 (p < 0.001). In supplemented cell cultures, BAL from NF but not F patients enhanced the percentage of IL-35 + CD4+ T (p < 0.001) cells and decreased the percentage of IL-17 + CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001). The percentage of IL-35 + CD4+ T cells correlated positively with BAL concentration of IL-35 (p = 0.02), but correlated negatively with BAL concentrations of IL-17 (p = 0.007) and TGF-β (p = 0.01). After adjusting the concentrations of recombinant cytokines to establish a TGF-β: IL-35 ratio of 1:4, an enhanced percentage of IL-35 + CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001) but a decreased percentage of IL-17 + CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001) was observed. After adding recombinant IL-35 to the BAL from F patients until a 1:4 ratio of TGF-β: IL-35 was reached, a significantly increased percentage of IL-35 + CD4+ T cells (p < 0.001) and a decreased percentage of IL-17 + CD4+ T cells (p = 0.003) was found. These results suggest that IL-35 may induce an anti-fibrotic response, regulating the effect of TGF-β and the inflammatory response on CD4+ T cells. In addition, the TGF-β: IL-35 ratio in BAL has been shown to be a potential biomarker to predict the outcome of F patients with ILD.
Further evidence for the location of the blepharophimosis syndrome (BPES) at 3q22.3‐q23 (1993)

We report a 6-year-old, mentally retarded boy with typical clinical signs and symptoms of the blepharophimosis syndrome (blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES)), born to normal parents. Chromosome studies revealed an interstitial deletion in the long arm of chromosome 3: del(3)(q22.3-->q23). This observation reinforces previous suggestions that the location of the BPES gene is at 3q2, i.e. 3q22.3-q23.
The Total Synthesis of (+)-Petasin and (+)-Isopetasin (1997)

Petasin 1 and isopetasin 2, anti-inflammatory and analgesic components of the butterbur (Petasites hybridus), were prepared for the first time in a short and enantioselective synthesis. The key steps were a Michael addition/alkylation (78), an enamine alkylation to give 9 and a cyclization with N-phenyliminoketenylidenetriphenylphosphorane 11 (1015).
Jammed hard-sphere hcp crystals permeated with trivacancy tunnels (2019)

Supported by simple table-top experiments involving stackings of ball bearings and theoretical analysis, we have discovered crystal packings of identical hard spheres that are permeated by a high concentration of large tunnels and yet are jammed (mechanically stable). We show that starting with a strictly jammed hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal of identical hard spheres, removal of certain subsets of those spheres can produce mechanically stable vacancy arrangements involving compact (equilateral triangle) trivacancies such that they produce linear trivacancy tunnels. These tunnels can extend over the entire macroscopic length of the hcp medium, and their width is sufficient to allow contained “test” hard spheres with diameters less than 5−1=1.23606… to migrate over that entire length without contacting the static tunnel-wall spheres. A search for the stable (strictly jammed) periodic framework that hosts the highest density of parallel trivacancy tunnels has identified a structure exhibiting a packing fraction ϕ=π/32=0.55536…, which is equal to 3/4 of the maximum monovalent sphere packing fraction ϕmax=π/18=0.74048…. In that periodic arrangement, filling the interior of the contained tunnels with movable unit-diameter spheres may approach the greatest possible “rattler” density within jammed monovalent sphere systems subject to periodic boundary conditions. It will be of interest to study the physical and chemical properties of these anisotropic porous crystal structures. Our findings may have practical implications for engineered separation and catalytic processes.
Mesial temporal lobe and memory function in autism spectrum disorder: An exploration of volumetric findings (2015)

Studies have shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to perform significantly below typical developing individuals on standardized measures of memory, even when not significantly different on measures of IQ. The current study sought to examine within ASD whether anatomical correlates of memory performance differed between those with average-to-above-average IQ (AIQ group) and those with low-average to borderline ability (LIQ group) as well as in relations to typically developing comparisons (TDC). Using automated volumetric analyses, we examined regional volume of classic memory areas including the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala in an all-male sample AIQ (n = 38) and LIQ (n = 18) individuals with ASD along with 30 typically developing comparisons (TDC). Memory performance was assessed using the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL) compared among the groups and then correlated with regional brain volumes. Analyses revealed group differences on almost all facets of memory and learning as assessed by the various subtests of the TOMAL. The three groups did not differ on any region of interest (ROI) memory-related brain volumes. However, significant size-memory function interactions were observed. Negative correlations were found between the volume of the amygdala and composite, verbal, and delayed memory indices for the LIQ ASD group, indicating larger volume related to poorer performance. Implications for general memory functioning and dysfunctional neural connectivity in ASD are discussed.