gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel non-exfoliated clay-nanocomposite materials byin situco-polymerisation of intercalated monomers: a combinatorial discovery approach (2002)

We report the synthesis and qualitative testing of a novel class of clay nanocomposite meterials made by the in situ copolymerisation of small intercalating monomer molecules using combinatorial-style diversity methods. Initial screening was undertaken by treating montmorillonite clay films with combinations of selected additives in aqueous solution. The treated films were assessed for their stability in a qualitative manner based on their response to water. The mechanical stength of these films was also assessed qualitatively. Promising “lead” formulations showed no signs of water-induced swelling and/or exfoliation, while also being flexible and hard. In addition, the interlamellar d-spacings in the treated clay films were measured using X-ray diffraction, where possible; the value of the d-spacing in the treated clays was found to vary significanlty, from 12.7–17.7 Å. The lead formulations were then tested on bulk montmorillonite clay, confirming that the thin film behaviour was representative of that of the bulk. Direct analysis of the treated clays by mass spectrometry using both FAB and MALDITOF did not provide any useful information. However, when the clays were subjected to extraction using chloroform, clear evidence of higher relative moleclar mass species was forthcoming, confirming that polymersation of the additives was occurring. Further supporting evidence was obtained by solid-state NMR anlaysis of treated iron-free (laponite) clay samples, which also revealed extensive polymerisation of the monomers used. Comparison of these data with the results of some simple molecular modelling studies indicates that polymerisation is indeed occurring within the clay galleries.
Grid Requirements for WT Systems (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Grid Code Evolution Frequency and Voltage Deviation under Normal Operation Active Power Control in Normal Operation Reactive Power Control in Normal Operation Behaviour under Grid Disturbances Discussion of Harmonization of Grid Codes Future Trends Summary References
Verification of coverage of inverse-numerical acoustic analysis (2011)

This paper describes the influence of both air-borne noise and structure-borne noise (input) by using inverse-numerical acoustic analysis. Inverse-numerical acoustic analysis is a technique for calculating the vibration of the surface of the sound source by measuring sound pressure around the sound source. Therefore, vibrations with a high contribution to sound radiation can be identified by this technique. Moreover this technique can calculate the vibration of the engine with a complex shape. Therefore, this technique is a powerful method in acoustic problems. However, accuracy of the identification result of the engine vibration might changes because of various factors. Therefore, Noise source’s form must be considered. Noise source’s form is whether the sound source contained in the structure-borne noise or the air-borne noise. Then, this paper focused on the oil pan that is penetrated by the combustion sound and the engine vibration easily. In addition, the accuracy using inverse-numerical acoustic analysis for oil pan was verified for the structure-borne noise or the air-borne noise respectively.
Curcit Formation on Glass Substrate Using a Titanium-Copper Oxide Catalytic Adhesion Layer for Copper Plating (2016)

Introduction Glass has characteristics such as transparency, smooth surface, chemical and thermal stability, coefficient of thermal resistance similar to silicon, high dielectric constant, electrical insulation and physical strength, deaming it an attractive substrate material for electronic devices. Examples of application are 2.5D/3D electronic device and RF module packaging. Glass can be metallized electroless plating however, problems remain, the most predominant being inadequate adhesion between glass and plated films. Using a catalytic Ti-Cu oxide adhesive layer formed on the glass, adhesion strength of 0.5 kN/m has been obtained 1 ) In this study, circuit formation by semi-additive process that’s often used in the formation of fine circuit and the influence of the Ti-Cu oxide layer on post-treatment steps was investigated. Experimental Schott Co., Ltd. Tempax 50 mm × 50mm × t 0.7 mm was used as the test substrate. Circuit formation by the semi-additive process is shown in figure 1. After the circuit formation, the removal of the Ti-Cu oxide layer was accomplished by immersion in an aqueous sodium hydroxide 100 g/dm 3 , trisodium citrate 5 g/dm 3 solution at 80 ℃ for 10 min. Electroless NiP plating was performed as a post-process to evaluate the effectiveness of the Ti-Cu oxide layer removal method. Results and Discussion Circuits of L / S = 50/50~200/200 µm and t=10 µm dimension were formed using the semi-additive process where adhesion after circuit formation was maintained. After the circuit formation, average roughness (Ra) was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and elemental analysis was performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Ra was 6.4 nm and 14.9 %Ti was detacted prior to removal and when performing electroless NiP plating as the post-treatment, abnormal deposition occurs between the wiring patterns. On the other hand, after performing Ti-Cu oxide layer removal treatment, the Ra was 0.5 nm and 0.3%Ti detected. Abnormal deposition of electroless nickel does not occur, therefore it was possible to deposit the electroless plating selectively on the copper circuit. Conclusions L / S = 50/50 ~ 200/200 um circuits formed on a smooth glass substrate was possible.The adhesion layer of Ti-Cu oxide can be removed by an alkaline solution. By performing the Ti-Cu oxide layer removal process, abnormal deposition of electroless nickel plating in a post-treatment step can be prevented. Acknowledgments This work was funded in part by the “MEXT-supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities” and the “Tokyo Ohka Foundation for the promotion of Science and Technology.” References 1)K. Okabe, T. Kagami, Y. Horiuchi, O. Takai, H. Honma, and C. E. J. Cordonier, “Copper Plating on Glass Using a Solution Processed Copper-Titanium Oxide Catalytic Adhesion Layer”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol.163, No.6, p. D201-D205, (2016) Figure 1
The Once and Future Tragedy of the Cultural Revolution (2016)

Let me start with a personal experience. Over many years at Harvard, I taught a course in the core programme on the Cultural Revolution. During the 1980s and 1990s, the students were mainly Americans, but in the new millennium, Harvard, like other US schools, began to admit undergraduates from China. Although some of them avoided my course because they reportedly feared I might insult Mao Zedong , quite a few risked this possibility. Many of those Chinese students came up to me at the end of the course to thank me for opening their eyes to the events of 1966-1976; mum and dad/grandma and grandpa had told them nothing about the Cultural Revolution.
A temperature-aware synthesis approach for simultaneous delay and leakage optimization (2013)

Accurate thermal knowledge is essential for achieving ultra low power in deep sub-micron CMOS technology, as it affects gate speed linearly and leakage exponentially. We propose a temperature-aware synthesis technique that efficiently utilizes input vector control (IVC), dual-threshold voltage gate sizing (GS) and pin reordering (PR) for performing simultaneous delay and leakage power optimization. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to consider these techniques in a synergistic fashion with thermal knowledge. We evaluate our approach by showing improvements over each method when considered in isolation and in conjunction. We also study the impact of employing considered techniques with/without accurate thermal knowledge. We ran simulations on synthesized ISCAS-85 and ITC-99 circuits on a 45 nm cell library while conforming to an industrial design flow. Leakage power improvements of up to 4.54X (2.14X avg.) were achieved when applying thermal knowledge over equivalent methods that do not.
Extension of Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma to the Middle and External Ear (2003)

We describe a patient with nasopharyngeal lymphoma who was admitted for chemotherapy. At admission, otoscopic examination revealed a large polyp occluding the left external ear canal. The polyp was removed, and histopathologic examination showed the same tumor that was found previously in the nasopharynx. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an infiltrative process that involved the left side of the nasopharynx and extended toward the left middle and external ear. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a direct extension of nasopharyngeal lymphoma into the middle and external ear.
A Novel HLA-B18 Restricted CD8+ T Cell Epitope Is Efficiently Cross-Presented by Dendritic Cells from Soluble Tumor Antigen (2012)

NY-ESO-1 has been a major target of many immunotherapy trials because it is expressed by various cancers and is highly immunogenic. In this study, we have identified a novel HLA-B*1801-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitope, NY-ESO-1(88-96) (LEFYLAMPF) and compared its direct- and cross-presentation to that of the reported NY-ESO-1(157-165) epitope restricted to HLA-A*0201. Although both epitopes were readily cross-presented by DCs exposed to various forms of full-length NY-ESO-1 antigen, remarkably NY-ESO-1(88-96) is much more efficiently cross-presented from the soluble form, than NY-ESO-1(157-165). On the other hand, NY-ESO-1(157-165) is efficiently presented by NY-ESO-1-expressing tumor cells and its presentation was not enhanced by IFN-γ treatment, which induced immunoproteasome as demonstrated by Western blots and functionally a decreased presentation of Melan A(26-35); whereas NY-ESO-1(88-96) was very inefficiently presented by the same tumor cell lines, except for one that expressed high level of immunoproteasome. It was only presented when the tumor cells were first IFN-γ treated, followed by infection with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding NY-ESO-1, which dramatically increased NY-ESO-1 expression. These data indicate that the presentation of NY-ESO-1(88-96) is immunoproteasome dependent. Furthermore, a survey was conducted on multiple samples collected from HLA-B18(+) melanoma patients. Surprisingly, all the detectable responses to NY-ESO-1(88-96) from patients, including those who received NY-ESO-1 ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine were induced spontaneously. Taken together, these results imply that some epitopes can be inefficiently presented by tumor cells although the corresponding CD8(+) T cell responses are efficiently primed in vivo by DCs cross-presenting these epitopes. The potential implications for cancer vaccine strategies are further discussed.
Acute kidney stress—a useful term based on evolution in the understanding of acute kidney injury (2016)

Critical care physicians have debated an appropriate term for the clinical phase preceding acute kidney injury (AKI). The recent development of cell cycle arrest biomarkers that signal the potential development of AKI is part of an evolution in the molecular diagnosis and understanding of AKI. It is proposed that the pre-injury phase that leads to AKI can be described as "acute kidney stress". This term has the potential to expand horizons in regard to the early detection of situations that will lead to AKI and the early implementation of corrective measures.
New forms of luminescent silicon: Silicon–silica composite mesostructures (1996)

Can mesoscopic luminescent silicon clusters be synthesized? The study reported here answers this question in the affirmative. The CVD of Si 2 H 6 in a 35 Å channel structure MCM‐41 silica host is described, with the growth of the clusters in the host channels receiving particular attention (see figure). Spectroscopic results and a model for the luminescence are presented. magnified image
Concentration Fluctuations and Capacitive Response in Dense Ionic Solutions (2016)

We use molecular dynamics simulations in a constant potential ensemble to study the effects of solution composition on the electrochemical response of a double layer capacitor. We find that the capacitance first increases with ion concentration following its expected ideal solution behavior but decreases upon approaching a pure ionic liquid in agreement with recent experimental observations. The nonmonotonic behavior of the capacitance as a function of ion concentration results from the competition between the independent motion of solvated ions in the dilute regime and solvation fluctuations in the concentrated regime. Mirroring the capacitance, we find that the characteristic decay length of charge density correlations away from the electrode is also nonmonotonic. The correlation length first decreases with ion concentration as a result of better electrostatic screening but increases with ion concentration as a result of enhanced steric interactions. When charge fluctuations induced by correlated ion-solvent fluctuations are large relative to those induced by the pure ionic liquid, such capacitive behavior is expected to be generic.
Efficient Scheduling for Heterogeneous Services in OFDMA Downlink (2007)

We consider optimal allocation of resources to users in a downlink OFDMA system to support heterogeneous applications consisting of both deadline-sensitive (DS) and best-effort (BE) data in a cross-layer manner. Given the user queue-states and long-term channel statistics, the proposed persistent scheduling algorithm allocates the minimum resources to 'just' meet the deadlines for DS packets (QoS guarantee). The remaining resources are optimally split between the users for their BE data to maximize sum-rate, minimize buffer holding cost or any general utility function. We formulate the resource allocation problem as a single geometric program (GP) that can be solved using standard convex optimization software tools. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of different objectives for the BE applications in presence of DS traffic.
Synthesis of infrared spectral signatures (1990)

A method is presented for synthesis of the spectral dependence of infrared sources. Blackbody sources of different temperatures are used as basis functions in this synthesis. The basis functions are linearly combined with appropriate weighting coefficients to approximate the desired spectral distribution. We demonstrate the method by synthesizing blackbody functions of certain temperatures that are not one of the basis functions. The parameters to be determined in the synthesis are the temperatures of the basis functions and the values of the weighting coefficients. Realistic hardware constraints are imposed, such as quantization of the weighting coefficients and the use of a limited number of basis functions. The error in the synthesis is determined as a function of the number of basis sources. The use of four sources was found to be a good compromise, with approximately a 4% error over the 3 to 5 tm band.
Acute Renal Failure in Cardiac Surgical Patients, Potentiated by Gentamicin and Calcium (1996)

A retrospective study in coronary artery bypass graft patients was undertaken to assess the effect of gentamicin and a bypass prime with a high calcium on the incidence of renal failure. Patients who received both Haemaccel (polygeline, Hoechst Marion Roussel) (calcium concentration 6.25 mmol/l) in the bypass prime and gentamicin perioperatively had a higher incidence of renal failure compared with those who received only Haemaccel (P = 0.005), only gentamicin (P = 0.002) or neither (P = 0.0001). We suggest that the combination be avoided in this group of patients.
Efficient activation of the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C requires the C-terminal domain of VEGF-C and the N-terminal domain of CCBE1 (2017)

The collagen- and calcium-binding EGF domains 1 (CCBE1) protein is necessary for lymphangiogenesis. Its C-terminal collagen-like domain was shown to be required for the activation of the major lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGF-C (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C) along with the ADAMTS3 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-3) protease. However, it remained unclear how the N-terminal domain of CCBE1 contributed to lymphangiogenic signaling. Here, we show that efficient activation of VEGF-C requires its C-terminal domain both in vitro and in a transgenic mouse model. The N-terminal EGF-like domain of CCBE1 increased VEGFR-3 signaling by colocalizing pro-VEGF-C with its activating protease to the lymphatic endothelial cell surface. When the ADAMTS3 amounts were limited, proteolytic activation of pro-VEGF-C was supported by the N-terminal domain of CCBE1, but not by its C-terminal domain. A single amino acid substitution in ADAMTS3, identified from a lymphedema patient, was associated with abnormal CCBE1 localization. These results show that CCBE1 promotes VEGFR-3 signaling and lymphangiogenesis by different mechanisms, which are mediated independently by the two domains of CCBE1: by enhancing the cleavage activity of ADAMTS3 and by facilitating the colocalization of VEGF-C and ADAMTS3. These new insights should be valuable in developing new strategies to therapeutically target VEGF-C/VEGFR-3-induced lymphangiogenesis.
A Mechanism for Managing and Distributing Information and Queries in a Smart Space Environment (2009)

Distributed information management, especially when related to mobile devices with their particular connectivity and computing needs is complex. Based on notions of stability of information respository and factors such as computation resources and connectivity we can optimise the distribution and querying of said information across multiple mobile and other distributed devices.
Outlier Detection in Sparse Data with Factorization Machines (2017)

In sparse data, a large fraction of the entries take on zero values. Some examples of sparse data include short text snippets (such as tweets in Twitter) or some feature representations of categorical data sets with a large number of values, in which traditional methods for outlier detection typically fail because of the difficulty of computing distances. To address this, it is important to use the latent relations between such values. Factorization machines represent a natural methodology for this, and are naturally designed for the massive-domain setting because of their emphasis on sparse data sets. In this study, we propose an outlier detection approach for sparse data with factorization machines. Factorization machines are also efficient due to their linear complexity in the number of non-zero values. In fact, because of their efficiency, they can even be extended to traditional settings for numerical data by an appropriate feature engineering effort. We show that our approach is both effective and efficient for sparse categorical, short text and numerical data by an extensive experimental study.
Mutual information as a performance measure for fluorescence optical diffusion tomography (2004)

Mutual information is used to measure performance in fluorescence optical diffusion tomography. By incorporating statistical models of the unknown image, it is shown that multiple modulation frequencies can improve reconstruction quality in certain problems.
MAPPER: A Mobile Application Personal Policy Enforcement Router for Enterprise Networks (2014)

MAPPER is a system for enforcing user-specific policies based on the availability of access nodes that support the capability to dynamically load and execute processing modules on the data path. This work leverages a network access node that, after authenticating a connecting user, loads a set of lightweight virtual machines that process traffic terminated on the user device to implement articulated user-specific access policies. Specifically, we demonstrate how a man-in-the-middle-proxy module, dynamically and opportunistically combined with a module capable of mobile application identification, can implement complex access policies. The man-in-the-middle-proxy module enables MAPPER policies to be applied to both clear and HTTPS traffic, while an intelligent traffic classification system, provides support for policies based on over 250,000 mobile apps spanning both Android and iOS platforms.
Tryptophan-metabolizing gut microbes regulate adult neurogenesis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (2021)

While modulatory effects of gut microbes on neurological phenotypes have been reported, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that indole, a tryptophan metabolite produced by tryptophanase-expressing gut microbes, elicits neurogenic effects in the adult mouse hippocampus. Neurogenesis is reduced in germ-free (GF) mice and in GF mice monocolonized with a single-gene <i>tnaA</i> knockout (KO) mutant <i>Escherichia coli</i> unable to produce indole. External administration of systemic indole increases adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in these mouse models and in specific pathogen-free (SPF) control mice. Indole-treated mice display elevated synaptic markers postsynaptic density protein 95 and synaptophysin, suggesting synaptic maturation effects in vivo. By contrast, neurogenesis is not induced by indole in aryl hydrocarbon receptor KO (AhR<sup>-/-</sup>) mice or in ex vivo neurospheres derived from them. Neural progenitor cells exposed to indole exit the cell cycle, terminally differentiate, and mature into neurons that display longer and more branched neurites. These effects are not observed with kynurenine, another AhR ligand. The indole-AhR-mediated signaling pathway elevated the expression of <i>β-catenin</i>, <i>Neurog2</i>, and <i>VEGF-α</i> genes, thus identifying a molecular pathway connecting gut microbiota composition and their metabolic function to neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Our data have implications for the understanding of mechanisms of brain aging and for potential next-generation therapeutic opportunities.
Multichannel signal enhancement using non-causal, time-domain filters (2013)

In the vast amount of time-domain filtering methods for speech enhancement, the filters are designed to be causal. Recently, however, it was shown that the noise reduction and signal distortion capabilities of such single-channel filters can be improved by allowing the filters to be non-causal. While non-causal filters require knowledge of the future, they can be implemented in practice by introducing a short delay. In this paper, we generalize the idea of exploiting non-causality in optimal filter designs to the multichannel scenario. More specifically, a set of optimal, non-causal, multichannel filters for enhancement based on an orthogonal decomposition is proposed. The evaluation shows that there is a potential gain in noise reduction and signal distortion by introducing non-causality. Moreover, experiments on real-life speech show that we can improve the perceptual quality.