gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced quantification of metabolic activity for individual adipocytes by label-free FLIM (2018)

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of intrinsic fluorophores such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) allows for label-free quantification of metabolic activity of individual cells over time and in response to various stimuli, which is not feasible using traditional methods due to their destructive nature and lack of spatial information. This study uses FLIM to measure pharmacologically induced metabolic changes that occur during the browning of white fat. Adipocyte browning increases energy expenditure, making it a desirable prospect for treating obesity and related disorders. Expanding from the traditional two-lifetime model of NADH to a four-lifetime model using exponential fitting and phasor analysis of the fluorescence decay results in superior metabolic assessment compared to traditional FLIM analysis. The four lifetime components can also be mapped to specific cellular compartments to create a novel optical ratio that quantitatively reflects changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic NADH concentrations and binding states. This widely applicable approach constitutes a powerful tool for studies where monitoring cellular metabolism is of key interest.
Coxsackievirus B-3-induced myocarditis. Effect of sex steroids on viremia and infectivity of cardiocytes. (1987)

Male and female BALB/c mice were inoculated with various concentrations of coxsackievirus, group B, type 3 (CVB3), ranging from 10 to 10(7) plaque-forming units (PFU). Lower viral doses (greater than 10(2) PFU) induced severe myocarditis in male mice but caused little injury in females. With 10(7) PFU, females also developed severe disease. Females may be relatively resistant to CVB3-induced myocarditis because virus entry into the blood and heart is less effective. Males given 125I-CVB3 show approximately 2-4 and 20-fold more radioactivity in the peripheral blood and heart, respectively, than females. No differences were observed between the sexes in 125I-bovine serum albumin penetration. Sex steroid hormones influence viremia and virus localization; females given exogenous testosterone and progesterone demonstrate ten times more virus in their hearts than animals given estradiol. The hormones may act by increasing virus receptor expression on endothelial cells and myocytes.
Online convex optimization for dynamic network resource allocation (2017)

The present paper deals with online convex optimization involving adversarial loss functions and adversarial constraints, where the constraints are revealed after making decisions, and can be tolerable to instantaneous violations but must be satisfied in the long term. Performance of an online algorithm in this setting is assessed by: i) the difference of its losses relative to the best dynamic solution with one-slot-ahead information of the loss function and the constraint (that is here termed dynamic regret); and, ii) the accumulated amount of constraint violations (that is here termed dynamic fit). In this context, a modified online saddle-point (MOSP) scheme is developed, and proved to simultaneously yield sub-linear dynamic regret and fit, provided that the accumulated variations of per-slot minimizers and constraints are sub-linearly growing with time. MOSP is applied to the dynamic network resource allocation task, and shown to outperform the well-known stochastic dual gradient method.
Ion temperature measurements in the TCA tokamak by collective Thomson scattering (1990)

Note: Proc. 17th EPS Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Heating, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 1990, 14B, Part IV, 1680 - 1683 (1990) Reference CRPP-CONF-1990-028 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2016-08-08
Accurate estimation of the cost of spatial selections (2002)

Optimizing queries that involve operations on spatial data requires estimating the selectivity and cost of these operations. In this paper, we focus on estimating the cost of spatial selections, or window queries, where the query windows and data objects are general polygons. Cost estimation techniques previously proposed in the literature only handle rectangular query windows over rectangular data objects, thus ignoring the very significant cost of exact geometry comparison (the refinement step in a "filter and refine" query processing strategy). The cost of the exact geometry comparison depends on the selectivity of the filtering step and the average number of vertices in the candidate objects identified by this step. In this paper, we introduce a new type of histogram for spatial data that captures the complexity and size of the spatial objects as well as their location. Capturing these attributes makes this type of histogram useful for accurate estimation, as we experimentally demonstrate. We also investigate sampling-based estimation approaches. Sampling can yield better selectivity estimates than histograms for polygon data, but at the high cost of performing exact geometry comparisons for all the sampled objects.
Prediction of indirect interactions in proteins (2006)

We demonstrate experimentally that proteochemometric modelling can be used with high accuracy to predict the site of origin of direct and indirect effects on ligand recognitions by proteins.
Differential Dependence On Wnt Signaling Allows Chemical Mediated Eradication of Human Acute Leukemia without Affecting Normal Blood Stem Cells (2010)

Abstract Abstract 3278 Specific targets of signaling pathways that control self-renewal and survival of acute myeloid leukemic stem cells (LSCs) vs. normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are largely unknown. Here, using a small molecule (CWP232228) derived from a parent compound that inhibits Wnt/TCF targets, we demonstrate reduction of primary human AML-blast growth and clonogenic capacity ex vivo, without effects on normal hematopoietic progenitors. Upon establishment of AML or normal hematopoiesis in immune-deficient recipients, in vivo administration of CWP232228 reduced leukemic disease and abolished LSC self-renewal, with no effect on normal HSC function. In vivo gene profiling and ex vivo molecular studies revealed that CWP232228 induces apoptosis and differentiation of AML-blasts via inhibition of Wnt/b-catenin signaling and activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling which phenocopies the effects of this small molecule. Our study reveals an in vivo differential dependence of AML on canonical vs. non-canonical Wnt signaling that allows therapeutic targeting of LSCs whilst sparing normal HSCs. Disclosures: Chung: Choongwae Pharma Corporation: Employment.
Effects of bretazenil vs. zolpidem and placebo on experimentally induced sleep disturbance in healthy volunteers. (1994)

The effects of bretazenil 0.25 and 0.5 mg, a partial agonist at the benzodiazepine receptor, on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG), subjective sleep quality and morning psychomotor performance were compared to zolpidem 10 mg and placebo using noise as an experimental sleep disturbing factor in a single dose, double-blind, crossover study. Twelve healthy volunteers were subjected to prerecorded traffic noise with a mean sound level of 52 dB(A) during eight hours in bed. Significant effects of noise were found on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters (rapid eye movement [REM] sleep, stage 2 sleep and number of arousals), and subjective sleep quality assessments, but not on psychomotor performance (choice reaction time, digit span memory, and symbol digit substitution). Both drugs reduced the number of shifts between sleep stages and the number of arousals and increased REM sleep latency. Only after 0.5 mg bretazenil, stage 2 sleep increased and REM sleep decreased. Both doses of bretazenil significantly affected performance in the symbol digit substitution test. Sleep quality improved under drug treatments compared to placebo. The results suggest that experimental sleep disturbance can be a valuable tool in the investigation of potential sleep promoting compounds.
Self‐Assembly of a Four‐Helix Bundle on a DNA Quadruplex (2009)

Come together: A novel method for assembling monomers and controlling structure of a de novo helix bundle protein is described. A guanine (G)-rich oligodeoxynucleotide scaffold forms a hydrogen-bonded DNA quadruplex in the presence of potassium counterions, thereby inducing a helical structure and fourfold stoichiometry in conjugated, amphiphilic peptide sequences. The DNA scaffold shows potential for rapidly assembling designed proteins.
Discrete Multitone Transmission For Next Generation 400G Data Center Inter-Connections (2014)

Low complexity DMT for inter-connections between data centers is reviewed for an optical noise and chromatic dispersion affected transmission environment, showing 56 Gb/s transmission over up to 200 km of SSMF.
Changes in Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery in the Last Decade among United States Urologists (2013)

The number of pelvic organ prolapse operations done by urologists increased dramatically in the last decade with a similar increase in mesh use. More colpopexies are now performed with laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy showing an exponential increase. The recent trend of mesh revision is notable with a much faster rate of increase than mesh insertion.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUPERSTRUCTURE LIGANDS USING A NOVEL METHYL VINYL ETHER FUNCTIONAL GROUP (1981)

Abstract Die makrocyclischen Komplexe (I), die eine ungewöhnliche funktionelle Gruppe als peripheren Substituenten haben, sind dadurch sehr reaktiv für Additions‐ Eliminierungsreaktionen, besonders mit Aminen, und können als Modelle für das Verhalten biologischer Moleküle angesehen werden.
Transmembrane signalling by interleukin 2 (1991)

Conference Article| April 01 1991 Transmembrane signalling by interleukin 2 Gordon B. Mills; Gordon B. Mills *Oncology Research, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Nan Zhang; Nan Zhang *Oncology Research, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Rosemarie Schmandt; Rosemarie Schmandt *Oncology Research, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Marion Fung; Marion Fung †Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Warner Greene; Warner Greene †Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Alan Mellors; Alan Mellors ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar David Hogg David Hogg *Oncology Research, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4, Canada Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: December 31 1990 Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (2): 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190277 Article history Received: December 31 1990 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Gordon B. Mills, Nan Zhang, Rosemarie Schmandt, Marion Fung, Warner Greene, Alan Mellors, David Hogg; Transmembrane signalling by interleukin 2. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1991; 19 (2): 277–287. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0190277 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: TCR, T-cell antigen receptor, MHC, major histocompatibility complex, IL, interleukin, IL-2R, interleukin 2 receptor, PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor, EGF, epidermal growth factor, DAG, diacylglycerol, PKC, protein kinase C, PI-PLC, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, mCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
"In Vitro: Natural Compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) against Sars-Cov2 Strain Isolated from Egypt" (2021)

Background: The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has badly affected our life during the year 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is the primary causative agent of the newly emerged pandemic. Natural flavonoids, Terpenoid and Thymoquinone are tested against different viral and host-cell protein targets. These natural compounds have a good history in treating Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Methods: Molecular docking combined with cytotoxicity and plaque reduction assay is used to test the natural compounds against different viral (Spike, RdRp, and Mpro) and host-cell (TMPRSS II, keap 1, and ACE2) targets. Results: The results demonstrate the binding possibility of the natural compounds (Thymol, Carvacrol, Hesperidine, and Thymoquinone) to the viral main protease (Mpro). Some of these natural compounds were approved to start clinical trail from Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine ECRRM IRB (Certificate No.IRB00012517) Conclusion: Development of an effective anti-viral for SARS-CoV-2 could help to limit the viral load. Benchmarking testing of those natural compounds against other potential antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 with alternative mechanisms of action would thus be important as soon as practicable.
MyD88 Adapter-like (Mal) Is Phosphorylated by Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase during TLR2 and TLR4 Signal Transduction (2006)

Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are essential players in activating the host innate immune response against infectious microorganisms. All TLRs signal through Toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adapter proteins. MyD88 adapter-like (Mal) is one such adapter that specifically is involved in TLR2 and TLR4 signaling. When overexpressed we have found that Mal undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation. Three possible phospho-accepting tyrosines were identified at positions 86, 106, and 187, and two mutant forms of Mal in which tyrosines 86 and 187 were mutated to phenylalanine acted as dominant negative inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Activation of THP-1 monocytic cells with the TLR4 agonist LPS and the TLR2 agonist macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 induced phosphorylation of Mal on tyrosine residues. We found that the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor LFM-A13 could block the endogenous phosphorylation of Mal on tyrosine in cells treated with macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 or LPS. Furthermore, Btk immunoprecipitated from THP-1 cells activated by LPS could phosphorylate Mal. Our study therefore provides the first demonstration of the key role of Mal phosphorylation on tyrosine during signaling by TLR2 and TLR4 and identifies a novel function for Btk as the kinase involved.
C-Ku band GaN MMIC T/R frontend module using multilayer ceramics technology (2011)

A C-Ku band GaN monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) transmitter/receiver (T/R) frontend module with a novel RF interface structure has been successfully developed by using multilayer ceramics technology. This interface improves the insertion loss with wideband characteristics operating up to 40 GHz. The module contains a GaN power amplifier (PA) with output power higher than 10 W over 6-18 GHz and a GaN low-noise amplifier (LNA) with a gain of 15.9 dB over 3.2-20.4 GHz and noise figure (NF) of 2.3-3.7 dB over 4-18 GHz. A fabricated T/R module occupying only 12 × 30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> delivers an output power of 10 W up to the Ku-band. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a C-Ku band T/R frontend module using GaN MMICs with wide bandwidth, 10W output power, and small size operating up to the Ku-band.
On Bayesian interpretation of fact-finding in information networks (2011)

When information sources are unreliable, information networks have been used in data mining literature to uncover facts from large numbers of complex relations between noisy variables. The approach relies on topology analysis of graphs, where nodes represent pieces of (unreliable) information and links represent abstract relations. Such topology analysis was often empirically shown to be quite powerful in extracting useful conclusions from large amounts of poor-quality information. However, no systematic analysis was proposed for quantifying the accuracy of such conclusions. In this paper, we present, for the first time, a Bayesian interpretation of the basic mechanism used in fact-finding from information networks. This interpretation leads to a direct quantification of the accuracy of conclusions obtained from information network analysis. Hence, we provide a general foundation for using information network analysis not only to heuristically extract likely facts, but also to quantify, in an analytically-founded manner, the probability that each fact or source is correct. Such probability constitutes a measure of quality of information (QoI). Hence, the paper presents a new foundation for QoI analysis in information networks, that is of great value in deriving information from unreliable sources. The framework is applied to a representative fact-finding problem, and is validated by extensive simulation where analysis shows significant improvement over past work and great correspondence with ground truth.
Antimicrobial Effects of TiO 2 and Ag 2 O Nanoparticles Against Drug-Resistant Bacteria and Leishmania Parasites (2011)

Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems at atomic and molecular scales (1-100 nm), where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale. The use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in medical research is growing rapidly. Recently, nanotechnologic developments in microbiology have gained importance in the field of chemotherapy. Bacterial strains that are resistant to current antibiotics have become serious public health problems that raise the need to develop new bactericidal materials. Metal oxide nanoparticles, especially TiO(2) and Ag(2)O nanoparticles, have demonstrated significant antibacterial activity. Therefore, it is thought that this property of metal oxide nanoparticles could effectively be used as a novel solution strategy. In this review, we focus on the unique properties of nanoparticles, their mechanism of action as antibacterial agents and recent studies in which the effects of visible and UV-light induced TiO(2) and Ag(2)O nanoparticles on drug-resistant bacteria have been documented. In addition, from to previous results of our studies, antileishmanial effects of metal oxide nanoparticles are also demonstrated, indicating that metal oxide nanoparticles can also be effective against eukaryotic infectious agents. Conversely, despite their significant potential in antimicrobial applications, the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles restricts their use in humans. However, recent studies infer that metal oxide nanoparticles have considerable potential to be the first-choice for antibacterial and antiparasitic applications in the future, provided that researchers can bring new ideas in order to cope with their main problem of toxicity.
Characterisation of in-hospital complications associated with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK: a prospective, multicentre cohort study (2021)

National Institute for Health Research and the UK Medical Research Council.
MXene polymer nanocomposites: a review (2020)

MXenes are a relatively new and exciting class of two-dimensional materials, which offer a wide range of compositions and excellent properties including ease of dispersibility and metallic conductivity. These properties render them promising candidates for use as fillers in polymer nanocomposites. Herein, we review how MXene processing methods, their volume fraction, and their incorporation into polymer hosts impact the properties and performance of a wide variety of nanocomposites. Several challenges and barriers that remain are discussed.
Pyrolysis studies of Illinois number 6 and its tar using matrix isolation FTIR spectroscopy (1984)

The various experiments in this study are performed with the objective of better understanding the initial reaction steps in coal gasification. Emphasis is placed on clarifying and understanding the structure of coal and its tars through pyrolysis studies designed to enhance formation of reactive gas phase intermediate species. Our main concern is centered on the characterization of unknown intermediates and better understanding the mechanism of tar formation. The experiments are designed such that reactive gas phase intermediates can exit the reaction zone rapidly and be trapped with inert matrix gas on a cold (12/sup 0/K) matrix surface. Identification of these species and possible free radicals are performed in a newly designed Rice University multisurface matrix isolation FTIR-MS apparatus for the slow pyrolysis studies of Illinois number6 and flash pyrolysis of its tars.
Chlorinated phenyl azides as photolabeling reagents. Synthesis of an ortho,ortho'-dichlorinated arylazido PCP receptor ligand (1993)

The enhanced photolabeling properties of chlorinated phenyl azides are demonstrated by the synthesis and photolysis of methyl 4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzoate (3) and methyl 4-azido-3,5-dichlorobenzoate (4). Photolysis of azide 3 in 1 M diethylamine/cyclohexane as the trapping medium gave 34% NH-insertion product. Similar photolysis of azide 4 gave 35% NH insertion product. These results demonstrate that chlorinated phenyl azides are significantly better at undergoing NH insertion than nonhalogenated analogs and suggest that improvement of existing aryl azide-based photolabels might be achieved by introduction of chlorine atoms on either side of the azide group. As an application, 3-azido-2,4-dichloro-10,5-(iminomethano)-10,11-dihydro-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (19), an analog of the potent PCP receptor ligand IDDC (14), was synthesized and its affinity for the PCP receptor was determined to be 6.3 +/- 0.7 microM (IC50 against [3H]MK801).