gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of Androgen Receptor-Dependent Growth Suppression by Prostate Cancer Cells Can Occur Independently from Acquiring Oncogenic Addiction to Androgen Receptor Signaling (2010)

The conversion of androgen receptor (AR) signaling as a mechanism of growth suppression of normal prostate epithelial cells to that of growth stimulation in prostate cancer cells is often associated with AR mutation, amplification and over-expression. Thus, down-regulation of AR signaling is commonly therapeutic for prostate cancer. The E006AA cell line was established from a hormone naïve, localized prostate cancer. E006AA cells are genetically aneuploid and grow equally well when xenografted into either intact or castrated male NOG but not nude mice. These cells exhibit: 1) X chromosome duplication and AR gene amplification, although paradoxically not coupled with increased AR expression, and 2) somatic, dominant-negative Serine-599-Glycine loss-of-function mutation within the dimerization surface of the DNA binding domain of the AR gene. No effect on the growth of E006AA cells is observed using targeted knockdown of endogenous mutant AR, ectopic expression of wild-type AR, or treatment with androgens or anti-androgens. E006AA cells represent a prototype for a newly identified subtype of prostate cancer cells that exhibit a dominant-negative AR loss-of-function in a hormonally naïve patient. Such loss-of-function eliminates AR-mediated growth suppression normally induced by normal physiological levels of androgens, thus producing a selective growth advantage for these malignant cells in hormonally naïve patients. These data highlight that loss of AR-mediated growth suppression is an independent process, and that, without additional changes, is insufficient for acquiring oncogene addiction to AR signaling. Thus, patients with prostate cancer cells harboring such AR loss-of-function mutations will not benefit from aggressive hormone or anti-AR therapies even though they express AR protein.
Extremely high current density over 1000 A/cm2operation in M-GaN LEDs on bulk GaN substrates with low-efficiency droop (2014)

A high current density over 1000 A/cm<sup>2</sup> operation in small chip size m-plane GaN-LED has been successfully demonstrated. The LED with chip size 450 × 450 μm<sup>2</sup> has emitted 1353 mW in light output power and 39.2% in external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 1000 A/cm<sup>2</sup> (1134 mA). The m-plane GaN-LED has showed asymmetric radiation characteristics. The radiation patterns are controlled by the surface of LED package, the height of LED chip, and striped texture on top m-plane surface.
Hexells (2021)

Hexells is a self-organizing system of cells that was designed to synthesize and maintain various textures through local communication between the cells. It is inspired by natural pattern formations found on plants and animal skins. The cellular automata (CA) update rule is modeled using a small neural network inspired by Mordvintsev et al. [2020]. We created a WebGL demo that allows users to explore and interact with more than one hundred learned CA texture-generating behaviors. The chosen projection shows the system behavior at local and global scales at the same time.
Role of caspase-1 in nuclear translocation of IL-37, release of the cytokine, and IL-37 inhibition of innate immune responses (2014)

IL-37 is a fundamental inhibitor of innate immunity. Human IL-37 has a caspase-1 cleavage site and translocates to the nucleus upon LPS stimulation. Here, we investigated whether caspase-1 processing affects IL-37-mediated suppression of LPS-induced cytokines and the release from cells by analyzing a caspase-1 cleavage site mutant IL-37 (IL-37D20A). Nuclear translocation of IL-37D20A is significantly impaired compared with WT IL-37 in transfected cells. LPS-induced IL-6 was decreased in cells expressing WT IL-37 but not IL-37D20A. The function of IL-37 in transfected bone marrow-derived macrophages is nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent, because IL-37 transfection in apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a carboxyl-terminal caspase recruitment domain- and NLRP3-deficient cells does not reduce levels of IL-6 and IL-1β upon LPS stimulation. IL-37-expressing macrophages release both precursor and mature IL-37, but only the externalization of mature IL-37 was dependent on ATP. Precursor and mature IL-37 was also secreted from human dendritic cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. To determine whether IL-37 is active in the extracellular compartment, we pretreated IL-37 transgenic mice with IL-37-neutralizing antibodies before LPS challenge. In IL-37-expressing mice, neutralizing IL-37 antibodies reversed the suppression of LPS-induced serum IL-6. In contrast, the addition of neutralizing antibody did not reverse suppression of LPS-induced IL-6 in mouse macrophages transfected with IL-37. Although caspase-1 is required for nuclear translocation of intracellular IL-37 and for secretion of mature IL-37, the release of the IL-37 precursor is independent of caspase-1 activation. IL-37 now emerges as a dual-function cytokine with intra- and extracellular properties for suppressing innate inflammation.
The effect of nearby maskers on speech intelligibility in reverberant, multi-talker environments (2017)

The extent to which informational masking (IM) is involved in real-world listening is not well understood. In the literature, IM effects of more than 8 dB are reported, but these experiments typically used simplified spatial configurations and speech materials with exaggerated confusions. Westermann and Buchholz [(2015b). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138, 584-593] considered a simulated cafeteria and found only substantial IM effects when the target and maskers were colocated and the same talker. The present study further investigates the relevance of IM in real-world environments, specifically distractions by nearby maskers and the effect of hearing impairment. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured with normal hearing (NH) and sensorineural hearing impaired (HI) listeners in a simulated cafeteria environment. Three different masker configurations were considered: (1) seven dialogues distributed in the cafeteria, (2) two monologues presented close to the listener with varying angular separation, and (3) a combination of (1) and (2). The contribution of IM was measured as the difference in SRTs between speech maskers and unintelligible vocoded maskers. No significant IM was found with the seven dialogues alone. Including nearby maskers resulted in substantial IM for both NH and HI listeners, suggesting that such maskers might result in IM in real-world environments.
Coalition formation for uplink device to device coordination with cooperation costs (2013)

Cooperation in the uplink of wireless networks allows users to form coalitions and improve their throughput by jointly transmitting to the base station. As the users are geographically separated, they must first share the information to be transmitted, among themselves, before joint encoding can be performed. In this paper, we propose a framework to maximize the throughput of each coalition by optimizing the fraction of time and energy spent in sharing data between the coalition members in comparison to the time spent in subsequent joint transmission to the base station. Using the throughput obtained from this framework, we model the problem of determining which users should cooperate as a coalitional game with non-transferable utility and propose a coalition formation algorithm which determines an optimal coalition structure using a Pareto improvement criterion. Numerical simulations show that while users close to the base station obtain little benefit from cooperation, the throughput of cell edge users more than doubles, showing the benefits of cooperation even with significant cooperation costs.
The long noncoding RNA TERRA and the telomeric DNA damage response (2013)

Reference EPFL-CONF-190897View record in Web of Science Record created on 2013-12-09, modified on 2017-05-12
Mesh Interface Resolution and Ghost Exchange in a Parallel Mesh Representation (2012)

Algorithms are described for the resolution of shared vertices and higher-dimensional interfaces on domain-decomposed parallel mesh, and for ghost exchange between neighboring processors. Performance data is given for large (up to 64M tet and 32M hex element) meshes on up to 16k processors. Shared interface resolution for structured mesh is also described. Small modifications are required to enable the algorithm to match vertices based on geometric location, useful for joining multi-piece meshes, this capability is also demonstrated.
Tau as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimers Disease (2011)

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are primarily composed of aggregates of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule associated protein tau. It is likely that an imbalance of kinase and phosphatase activities leads to the abnormal phosphorylation of tau and subsequent aggregation. The wide ranging therapeutic approaches that are being developed include to inhibit tau kinases, to enhance phosphatase activity, to promote microtubule stability, and to reduce tau aggregate formation and/or enhance their clearance with small molecule drugs or by immunotherapeutic means. Most of these promising approaches are still in preclinical development whilst some have progressed to Phase II clinical trials. By pursuing these lines of study, a viable therapy for AD and related tauopathies may be obtained.
Stochastic target interception in non-convex domain using MILP (2012)

In this paper we present a planning approach for the stochastic target interception problem, in which, a team of mobile sensor agents is tasked with intercepting multiple targets. We extend our previous work on stochastic target interception to non-convex domains and propose a cost that addresses minimum time requirement for probabilistically intercepting all the targets if possible over a finite horizon. Indeed, our optimization problem for the stochastic case has similar computational costs as the optimization program for the corresponding deterministic case. Our solution presumes that the system can be approximated by linear dynamics and Gaussian noise, with Gaussian localization uncertainty.
Performance of Cu Dual-Damascene Interconnects Using a Thin Ti-Based Self-Formed Barrier Layer for 28 nm Node and Beyond (2010)

With continuous shrinkage of advanced ultralarge scale integrations (ULSI), the impact of line resistance on the devices has become more and more important. In order to achieve low resistance and high reliability of Cu interconnects, we have applied a thin Ti-based self-formed barrier layer using Cu–Ti alloy seed to 45 nm node dual-damascene interconnects and evaluated its performance. The microstructure analysis by transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer has revealed that 2-nm-thick Ti-based barrier layer is self-formed at the interface between Cu and low- k dielectrics. The line resistance and via resistance decrease significantly, compared with those of conventional Ta/TaN barrier system. The stress migration performance is also drastically improved using self-formed barrier process. These results suggest Ti-based self-formed barrier process is one of the most promising candidates for advanced Cu interconnects.
Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: How deep must we go? (2018)

Nothing to report. Erin S. Beck, MD, PhD, and Daniel S. Reich, MD, PhD Translational Neuroradiology Section National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD
Race-Discordant School Attendance and Cognitive Function in Later Life (2022)

Early schooling plays an important role in shaping cognitive development. This study explored benefits of cognitive functioning in later life related to attending diverse schools in early life. Specifically, we explored the effects of having attended schools composed primarily of different race peers-race discordant schools (RDS)-among Black and White older adults. Using retrospective and prospective data from the Health and Retirement Study, we examined the association between RDS exposure and two measures of cognitive function (working memory, episodic memory) at age 55 and at age 70. We found that RDS exposed Blacks experienced significant benefits in cognitive function at age 55 and at age 70. In general, RDS exposed Whites did not experience cognitive benefits or deficits. Results suggest that exposure to more racially diverse school environments provides potentially beneficial effects for cognitive function, particularly in later phases of the life course.
Permutation/Silence Coding in Partially Under-Utilized Cellular Networks (2010)

We consider a cellular system where (i) wireless spectrum is divided into resource blocks in time and frequency, (ii) each wireless receiver is assigned one or more resource blocks as the exclusive (primary) user of these blocks, (iii) some of the resource blocks are under-utilized due to the mismatch between the primary user's application payload and the capacity of the dedicated resources, and (iv) there are users with backlogged traffic that cannot be fully served by only utilizing their own dedicated resource blocks. We show how partially utilized resource blocks in a given cell can be reutilized by conveying extra information to the backlogged users in the system (secondary users) by coding over the transmission patterns of the primary users. Specifically, we propose to create on-off transmission patterns (referred to as silence coding), where during on periods the base-station sends primary user's symbols and during off periods the base-station keeps silent. Distinct transmission patterns in return are used to carry different messages for a given secondary user. We first analyze the achievable rate region for primary and secondary users from an information theoretical point of view for randomly generated codebooks. Then, we propose practical schemes that use permutation codes for silence coding with and without forward error correction. Finally, we evaluate the performance of these practical schemes.
Structure Solution from Powder Diffraction of Copper 1,4‐Benzenedicarboxylate (2014)

Abstract In the synthesis of the microporous metal–organic framework copper 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate [Cu(BDC)], solvent exchange with methanol prior to recrystallization lowers the desolvation temperature to 160 °C and produces more crystalline Cu(BDC). The solution to the crystal structure of Cu(BDC) has been determined by using ab initio quantum molecular calculations and refinement with synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction data. This solution is in the P $\bar {1}$ space group with a = 5.25 Å, b = 9.67 Å, c = 10.77 Å, α = 90.29°, β = 91.06°, γ = 92.413°, and V = 546.04 Å 3 . The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area was 903 m 2 g –1 with 777 m 2 g –1 of micropore surface area. The uptake of CO 2 and CH 4 up to 20 bar were 5.2 and 2.7 mmol g –1 , respectively. These values are compared to those of 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate [Cu 3 (BTC) 2 , HKUST‐1] and used to show that the elevated metal‐site density per unit volume is responsible for a proportionally higher uptake on the basis of relative surface areas. The platelike particles with perpendicular pores are promising candidates for mixed‐matrix membranes.
Interference Management in NOMA-based Fog-Radio Access Networks via Joint Scheduling and Power Adaptation (2019)

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Fog Radio Access Networks (FRAN) are promising candidates within the 5G and beyond systems. This work examines the benefit of adopting NOMA in an FRAN architecture with constrained capacity fronthaul. The paper proposes methods for optimizing joint scheduling and power adaptation in the downlink of a NOMA-based FRAN with multiple resource blocks (RB). We consider a mixed-integer optimization problem which maximizes a network-wide rate-based utility function subject to fronthaul-capacity constraints, so as to determine i) the user-to-RB assignment, ii) the allocated power to each RB, and iii) the power split levels of the NOMA users in each RB. The paper proposes a feasible decoupled solution for such non-convex optimization problem using a three-step hybrid centralized/distributed approach. The proposed solution complies with FRAN operation that aims to partially shift the network control to the FAPs, so as to overcome delays due to fronthaul rate constraints. The paper proposes and compares two distinct methods for solving the assignment problem, namely the Hungarian method, and the Multiple Choice Knapsack method. The power allocation and the NOMA power split optimization, on the other hand, are solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Simulations results illustrate the advantages of the proposed methods compared to different baseline schemes including the conventional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA), for different utility functions and different network environments.
AONT-RS: blending security and performance in dispersed storage systems (2011)

Dispersing files across multiple sites yields a variety of obvious benefits, such as availability, proximity and reliability. Less obviously, it enables security to be achieved without relying on encryption keys. Standard approaches to dispersal either achieve very high security with correspondingly high computational and storage costs, or low security with lower costs. In this paper, we describe a new dispersal scheme, called AONT-RS, which blends an All-Or-Nothing Transform with Reed-Solomon coding to achieve high security with low computational and storage costs. We evaluate this scheme both theoretically and as implemented with standard open source tools. AONTRS forms the backbone of a commercial dispersed storage system, which we briefly describe and then use as a further experimental testbed. We conclude with details of actual deployments.
Pancreatic phospholipase A 2 via its receptor regulates the expression of key enzymes of phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism (2001)

ABSTRACT Although the pancreatic secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 IB) is considered a digestive enzyme, it has several important, nonenzymatic, receptor‐mediated functions. In this study, we demonstrate that via its receptor, sPLA 2 IB stimulates the expression of cytosolic PLA 2 (cPLA 2 )‐, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)‐, Mg ++ ‐dependent neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase)‐ and acid ceramidase (AC)‐mRNAs in NIH 3T3 cells. Moreover, through its receptor, sPLA 2 IB also mediates the activation of cPLA 2 and p38 MAPK. We also found similar effects when the NIH 3T3 cells were treated with interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) under identical conditions. These effects are not dependent on the catalytic activity of sPLA2IB, as both heat‐ and chemically inactivated enzyme induced these effects. Although protein kinase C and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases are critical for the sPLA 2 receptor‐mediated stimulation of expression of cytosolic PLA2 and cyclooxygenase‐2 mRNAs, respectively, the activation of these kinases is not required for neutral sphingomyelinase and acid ceramidase mRNA expression. Our results, for the first time, raise the possibility that, via its receptor, sPLA 2 IB plays important roles in the regulation of both phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism.
A New Model for Catalyzing Translational Science: The Early Stage Investigator Mentored Research Scholar Program in HIV Vaccines (2014)

Engagement of early stage investigators (ESIs) in the search for a safe and effective vaccine is critical to the success of this highly challenging endeavor. In the wake of disappointing results from a large-scale efficacy trial, the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) developed a novel mentored research program focused on the translation of findings from nonhuman primate studies to human trials of experimental vaccines. From 2008 to 2011, 14 ESI Scholars were selected from 42 complete applications. Post program surveys and tracked outcomes suggest that the combination of flexible funding, transdisciplinary mentorship, and structured training and networking promoted the scientific contributions and career development of promising ESIs. Embedding a multicomponent research program within collaborative clinical trial networks and research consortia is a promising strategy to attract and retain early career investigators and catalyze important translational science.
Light Moderates the Induction of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase by NaCl and Abscisic Acid in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (1992)

In Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is synthesized de novo in response to osmotic stress, as part of the switch from C(3)-photosynthesis to Crassulacean acid metabolism. To better understand the environmental signals involved in this pathway, we have investigated the effects of light on the induced expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase mRNA and protein in response to stress by 400 millimolar NaCl or 10 micromolar abscisic acid in hydroponically grown plants. When plants were grown in high-intensity fluorescent or incandescent light (850 microeinsteins per square meter per second), NaCl and abscisic acid induced approximately an eightfold accumulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase mRNA when compared to untreated controls. Levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein were high in these abscisic acid- and NaCl-treated plants, and detectable in the unstressed control. Growth in high-intensity incandescent (red) light resulted in approximately twofold higher levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase mRNA in the untreated plants when compared to control plants grown in high-intensity fluorescent light. In low light (300 microeinsteins per square meter per second fluorescent), only NaCl induced mRNA levels significantly above the untreated controls. Low light grown abscisic acid- and NaCl-treated plants contained a small amount of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase protein, whereas the (untreated) control plants did not contain detectable amounts of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Environmental stimuli, such as light and osmotic stress, exert a combined effect on gene expression in this facultative halophyte.