gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A current sensor using the Faraday effect in optical fiber manufactured from flint glass (1997)

For application to current monitoring in electric power facilities, the authors have been developing a current sensor utilizing the Faraday effect of an optical fiber manufactured from flint glass having a very small stress-optic coefficient. This paper describes the result of study on constructing the sensing system, which is composed of a sensor head, a light source, fibers for light transmission and a signal processing circuit. First, results from investigation are reported with respect to causes affecting performance and durability of the sensor, and examinations of countermeasures also are described. As a result of the research, it was confirmed experimentally that several means are effective to improve characteristics of the sensor. Then, design and test results of a sensor model constructed with application of the means are described. From the test results it was proved that the model shows excellent characteristics satisfying basic requirements of the standard for conventional current transformers. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 118 (3): 22–38, 1997
Cholesterol‐Based Conjugates: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Biological Studies (2021)

Abstract Bacterial infections, malaria and cancer are causes of high death rates. Most of the drugs used to combat these diseases suffer from drug resistance, poor absorption and bioavailability and toxic side effects. Cholesterol is a sterol abundantly found in the human body and forms part of the structure and organisation of cell membranes. It is readily available, has functional groups that can be easily modified, and is affordable. In this research, different known therapeutic agents (anticancer, antimalarial and antibacterial) were conjugated to cholesterol and the synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR, and Mass Spectroscopy, followed by in vitro antiplasmodial, antibacterial and anticancer studies. Thirteen compounds were successfully synthesized. Compound 10, containing curcumin and cholesterol was the most effective against all the Gram‐positive strains of bacteria while compounds 9–11, containing either curcumin or zidovudine scaffold were effective against all the strains of bacteria. Compound 13, containing pyrimethamine and cholesterol showed good antiplasmodial activity with 97.75 and 97.83 % inhibition of asexual parasite proliferation at 20 and 10 μg/mL concentrations, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds on HeLa (cervical cancer) cells revealed IC 50 values for compounds 2 (7.559 μg/mL), 3 (5.840 μg/mL), 5 (1.44 mg/mL), 7 (4.308 μg/mL) and 11 (3.295 μg/mL) confirming promising anticancer activity.
Phosphorylation of c-Jun Is Necessary for Apoptosis Induced by Survival Signal Withdrawal in Cerebellar Granule Neurons (1998)

Cerebellar granule neurons die by apoptosis when deprived of survival signals. This death can be blocked by inhibitors of transcription or protein synthesis, suggesting that new gene expression is required. Here we show that c-jun mRNA and protein levels increase rapidly after survival signal withdrawal and that transfection of the neurons with an expression vector for a c-Jun dominant negative mutant protects them against apoptosis. Phosphorylation of serines 63 and 73 in the c-Jun transactivation domain is known to increase c-Jun activity. By using an antibody specific for c-Jun phosphorylated on serine 63, we show that this site is phosphorylated soon after survival signal withdrawal. To determine whether c-Jun phosphorylation is necessary for apoptosis, we have expressed c-Jun phosphorylation site mutants in granule neurons. c-Junasp, a constitutively active c-Jun mutant in which the known and potential serine and threonine phosphoacceptor sites in the transactivation domain have been mutated to aspartic acid, induces apoptosis under all conditions tested. In contrast, c-Junala, which cannot be phosphorylated because the same sites have been mutated to alanine, blocks apoptosis caused by survival signal withdrawal. Finally, we show that cerebellar granule neurons contain high levels of Jun kinase activity and low levels of p38 kinase activity, neither of which increases after survival signal withdrawal. Mitogen-activated protein kinase activity decreases under the same conditions. These results suggest that c-Jun levels and c-Jun phosphorylation may be regulated by novel mechanisms in cerebellar granule neurons.
Controllable Dynamic Multi-Task Architectures (2022)

Multi-task learning commonly encounters competition for resources among tasks, specifically when model capacity is limited. This challenge motivates models which allow control over the relative importance of tasks and total compute cost during inference time. In this work, we propose such a controllable multi-task network that dynamically adjusts its architecture and weights to match the desired task preference as well as the resource constraints. In contrast to the existing dynamic multi-task approaches that adjust only the weights within a fixed architecture, our approach affords the flexibility to dynamically control the total computational cost and match the user-preferred task importance better. We propose a disentangled training of two hypernetworks, by exploiting task affinity and a novel branching regularized loss, to take input preferences and accordingly predict tree-structured models with adapted weights. Experiments on three multi-task benchmarks, namely PASCAL-Context, NYU-v2, and CIFAR-100, show the efficacy of our approach. Project page is available at https://www.nec-labs.com/~mas/DYMU.
Optimal shape coding under buffer constraints (2002)

In this paper, we derive an optimal rate control algorithm for shape coding as defined in the forthcoming MPEG-4 international standard. The current MPEG-4 shape coding scheme consists of two steps: first, distortion is introduced by down and up scaling; then, context-based arithmetic encoding is applied. Since arithmetic coding is "lossless", the down up scaling step is considered as a virtual quantizer. We first formulate the buffer-constrained adaptive quantization problem for shape coding, and then propose an algorithm for the optimal solution under buffer constraints. Experimental results are given using an MPEG-4 shape codec.
Leveraging social networks for information sharing (2004)

Saori is a computation infrastructure that enables users and end-user applications to leverage social networks to mediate information dissemination. Saori provides users with awareness of and control over the information dissemination process within social networks; Saori enables users to employ both technological and social methods to manage information sharing. Saori users can create policies that mediate sharing by exploiting social network structures. Saori also provides social data to users; this data encourages users to be accountable for how they share information. We integrated Saori into a Wiki Wiki Web to demonstrate a concrete use of the infrastructure.
Determination of the Prevalence of Fibrinogen Banks Peninsula Mutation (γ280Tyr→Cys) by PCR (1999)

A mutation of Tyr-->Cys at position 280 of the gamma chain of fibrinogen was recently determined to be the cause for fibrinogen Banks peninsula. A novel polymerase chain reaction/restriction digestion assay for this mutation was developed and used for the screening of 300 apparently healthy European blood donors. None of these subjects carried the mutation.
A Workflow of Integrated Resources to Catalyze Network Pharmacology Driven COVID-19 Research (2022)

In the event of an outbreak due to an emerging pathogen, time is of the essence to contain or to mitigate the spread of the disease. Drug repositioning is one of the strategies that has the potential to deliver therapeutics relatively quickly. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shown that integrating critical data resources to drive drug-repositioning studies, involving host-host, host-pathogen, and drug-target interactions, remains a time-consuming effort that translates to a delay in the development and delivery of a life-saving therapy. Here, we describe a workflow we designed for a semiautomated integration of rapidly emerging data sets that can be generally adopted in a broad network pharmacology research setting. The workflow was used to construct a COVID-19 focused multimodal network that integrates 487 host-pathogen, 63 278 host-host protein, and 1221 drug-target interactions. The resultant Neo4j graph database named "Neo4COVID19" is made publicly accessible via a web interface and via API calls based on the Bolt protocol. Details for accessing the database are provided on a landing page (https://neo4covid19.ncats.io/). We believe that our Neo4COVID19 database will be a valuable asset to the research community and will catalyze the discovery of therapeutics to fight COVID-19.
Durable functions: semantics for stateful serverless (2021)

Serverless, or Functions-as-a-Service (FaaS), is an increasingly popular paradigm for application development, as it provides implicit elastic scaling and load based billing. However, the weak execution guarantees and intrinsic compute-storage separation of FaaS create serious challenges when developing applications that require persistent state, reliable progress, or synchronization. This has motivated a new generation of serverless frameworks that provide stateful abstractions. For instance, Azure's Durable Functions (DF) programming model enhances FaaS with actors, workflows, and critical sections. As a programming model, DF is interesting because it combines task and actor parallelism, which makes it suitable for a wide range of serverless applications. We describe DF both informally, using examples, and formally, using an idealized high-level model based on the untyped lambda calculus. Next, we demystify how the DF runtime can (1) execute in a distributed unreliable serverless environment with compute-storage separation, yet still conform to the fault-free high-level model, and (2) persist execution progress without requiring checkpointing support by the language runtime. To this end we define two progressively more complex execution models, which contain the compute-storage separation and the record-replay, and prove that they are equivalent to the high-level model.
Carbon nanotube growth from Langmuir–Blodgett deposited Fe3O4nanocrystals (2012)

We investigate colloidal Fe(3)O(4) nanocrystals as a catalyst system for carbon nanotube (CNT) growth that allows for decoupling the CNT growth step from the catalyst shaping and activation step. The system consists of 6.4 nm Fe(3)O(4) nanocrystals synthesized using a solution-based thermal decomposition reaction and, subsequently, transferred as hexagonally ordered Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers on TiN substrates. We demonstrate for the first time aligned CNT growth from LB deposited nanocrystals on a metallic underlayer. The hexagonally ordered monolayers of catalyst particles show promising stability up to the CNT growth temperature. In situ TEM heating experiments were performed to find this onset of particle deformation and showed stability of the nanoparticles up to 600 °C. The particle coalescence at high temperatures was also evidenced by the increasing CNT diameter, from 9.5 nm at 580 °C to 16 nm at 630 °C. By choosing to work at temperatures below the onset particle coalescence temperature, equivalent CNT diameters were obtained under different catalyst activation and growth conditions. The high stability of the catalyst on the metallic underlayer enables us to study CNT growth kinetics independently of the catalyst shaping step. This work opens a route towards combining growth studies with an electrical evaluation of the CNT growth as the TiN can be used as the bottom contact.
ChemInform Abstract: DISPERSE DYES DERIVED BY THE CONDENSATION OF HOMOPHTHALIMIDES AND 2-PYRIDONES WITH NAPHTHOSTYRIL AND ISATIN (1983)

Durch Kondensation von 1,8-Naphthalimid (I) bzw. Isatin (II) mit entsprechenden Tetrahydro-isochinolindionen-1,3 bzw. 2-Pyridonen in Gegenwart von POCl3 werden die neuen violetten Dispersionsfarbstoffe (III)-(V) erhalten.
100-kW Coherently Combined Nd:YAG MOPA Laser Array (2009)

We have demonstrated the world’s first 100-kW solid-state laser system with good beam quality. Seven 15-kW MOPA (master oscillator-power amplifier) laser chains are coherently combined to achieve a single output beam.
Posaconazole (Noxafil, SCH 56592), a new azole antifungal drug, was a discovery based on the isolation and mass spectral characterization of a circulating metabolite of an earlier lead (SCH 51048) (2007)

Posaconazole (SCH 56592) is a novel triazole antifungal drug that is marketed in Europe and the United States under the trade name 'Noxafil' for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections. SCH 56592 was discovered as a possible active metabolite of SCH 51048, an earlier lead. Initial studies have shown that serum concentrations determined by a microbiological assay were higher than those determined by HPLC from animals dosed with SCH 51048. Subsequently, several animals species were dosed with (3)H-SCH 51048 and the serum was analyzed for total radioactivity, SCH 51048 concentration and antifungal activity. The antifungal activity was higher than that expected based on SCH 51048 serum concentrations, confirming the presence of active metabolite(s). Metabolite profiling of serum samples at selected time intervals pinpointed the peak that was suspected to be the active metabolite. Consequently, (3)H-SCH 51048 was administered to a large group of mice, the serum was harvested and the metabolite was isolated by extraction and semipreparative HPLC. LC-MS/MS analysis suggested that the active metabolite is a secondary alcohol with the hydroxyl group in the aliphatic side chain of SCH 51048. All corresponding monohydroxylated diastereomeric mixtures were synthesized and characterized. The HPLC retention time and LC-MS/MS spectra of the diastereomeric secondary alcohols of SCH 51048 were similar to those of the isolated active metabolite. Finally, all corresponding individual monohydroxylated diasteriomers were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antifungal potencies, as well as pharmacokinetics. SCH 56592 emerged as the candidate with the best overall profile.
Performance Evaluation of Type II and Type IIA Box Beam End Terminals - Volume II: Appendices (2010)

Two types of guide rail end terminals were constructed and evaluated according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO’s) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). The guide rail end terminals are used with weak-post, box beam guide rail systems by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). Nine full-scale vehicle crash tests were performed in accordance with either Test Level 3 (TL-3) or Test Level 2 (TL-2) requirements using both standard and modified impact locations and test conditions for the 1100C [1,100-kg (2,425-lb)] passenger car and the 2270P [2,268-kg (5,000-lb)] pickup truck. One test was run on the Type II box beam end terminal, six tests were performed on the Type IIA end terminal on flat ground, and two tests were performed on the Type IIA end terminal installed in a ditch. The Volume I report contains the research results and discussion. The Volume II report contains the appendices.
High resolution axicon-based endoscopic FD OCT imaging with a large depth range (2010)

Endoscopic imaging in tubular structures, such as the tracheobronchial tree, could benefit from imaging optics with an extended depth of focus (DOF). This optics could accommodate for varying sizes of tubular structures across patients and along the tree within a single patient. In the paper, we demonstrate an extended DOF without sacrificing resolution showing rotational images in biological tubular samples with 2.5 &mu;m axial resolution, 10 ìm lateral resolution, and &gt; 4 mm depth range using a custom designed probe.
Induction of Apoptosis by Combined-treatment with Genistein and TRAIL in U937 Human Leukemia Cells (2011)

TRAIL은 최근 암세포의 apoptosis 유도를 위한 효율적인 도구로 제시되었으나 많은 암세포들이 TRAIL 저항성을 획득한 것으로 알려져 TRAIL 저항성 극복을 위한 새로운 방법론의 제시가 요구되어지고 있다. Genistein은 대두의 대표적인 생리활성 물질인 isoflavonoid의 일종으로 많은 암세포에서 G2/M arrest를 유발하면서 apoptosis를 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 U937 인체백혈병세포를 대상으로 genistein에 의한 TRAIL 유도 apoptosis의 감수성증대 여부를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 U937 세포에서 세포독성이 없는 범위의 genistein 처리는 TRAIL에 의한 apoptosis 유도를 매우 증진시켰으며, 이는 tBid의 발현증가와 cFLIPL의 발현 감소와 연계된 caspase의 활성 증가와 연관성이 있었다. 또한 caspase의 활성 저해제는 genistein과 TRAIL의 복합처리에 의한 apoptosis를 유의적으로 감소시켜 복합 처리에 의한 apoptosis의 유도에 caspase의 활성 증대가 필수적임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 genistein은 TRAIL 저항성을 획득한 암세포의 효율적인 combined therapy approach를 위해 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Applying spatial autocorrelation and logistic regression to analyze land cover change trajectory in a forested watershed (2021)

Taiwan is more susceptible to earthquakes and typhoons because of the unique geographical position in the Northwestern Pacific Rim. It is necessary to understand the effects of such frequent natural disturbances on land cover change for watershed management and disaster mitigation. This study applied both global and local Moran's I statistics to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of landslide patches in a natural disturbed watershed in eastern Taiwan. The land cover maps extracted from FORMOSAT-2 satellite images acquired in 2005, 2008, and 2011. A logistic regression model validated to predict occurrence probability of change trajectory. Results showed that spatial pattern of homogeneous landslide patches presented on small scales; while heterogeneous landslide pattern was on larger scales. Landslide patches had higher positive spatial autocorrelation and indicated that as regional hotspots in study area. After the trajectory calculation and classification, two unchanged and five changed trajectories dominated the study area. The most significant transformation of land cover was from forest to landslide and channel. In addition, a fittest logistic regression model predicted the occurrence probability of change trajectory in the study area. Among these environmental variables for logistic regression, lithology was the most important spatial determinant for the change trajectories. Curvature and aspect variables were also significant. This spatial statistical model was helpful for predicting the occurrence probabilities of the change trajectories.
A 6 GHz 130 nm CMOS Harmonic Recombination RF Receiver Front-End Using N-Path Filtering (2020)

An RF receiver front-end using two feedforward N-path switching filters and harmonic-recombination configuration is presented. As the time-variant nature of the N-path filter introduces multiple frequency translations, third harmonic selection of the switching frequency rather than the fundamental helps to reduce the input frequency of the multiphase clock generator by a factor of three. The proposed 5.9-7.1 GHz RF receiver operates at the third harmonic of the local oscillator, thanks to the combination of an N-Path switching filter and a harmonic recombination architecture. The receiver is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology and operates from a 1.2 V supply. Post-layout simulation results show that, for a 6 GHz RF input, the receiver provides a harmonic rejection of 45 and 55 dB for the first and second harmonics, respectively. A noise figure of 5.5 dB at a 16 MHz baseband frequency is achieved, and an input matching of less than -15 dB is attained over the desired frequency band.
Human CD4+ effector T cells mediate indirect interleukin-12- and interferon-gamma-dependent suppression of autologous HLA-negative lung tumor xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice. (2002)

A human/severe combined immunodeficient mouse chimeric model was used to demonstrate that peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from a patient with lung cancer completely suppress the growth of an autologous tumor in a PBL dose-dependent fashion repeatedly and over a 4-year period. Suppression of the patient's tumor required CD4+ T cells, CD56+ natural killer cells, and CD14+ monocytes/macrophages, but was completely independent of CD8+ T cells. The CD4+ effector cells promoted tumor killing indirectly because direct tumor recognition and killing are precluded by the absence of MHC class I and II molecules on the tumor cells. Tumor suppression was found to require both human interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN-gamma, which were produced and released by the patient's monocytes and T cells, respectively. These results establish that human CD4+ T cells present in the peripheral blood of a patient with lung cancer are able to orchestrate cytokine-dependent killing of an autologous MHC-negative tumor indirectly and without codependence on CD8+ T cells. We conclude that human tumor suppression is achieved in vivo even in the absence of MHC molecules on tumor cells. This tumor suppression is mediated indirectly by cytokines produced by the patient's PBLs that ultimately initiate tumor killing via several, presently incompletely defined mechanisms.
Technology for Developing Super Microalgal Biofuels (2017)

Recent technological advances have enabled microalgae-based engineering of bioproducts. Microalgae have a higher photosynthetic efficiency than plants and can be cultivated in agriculturally unused land, which has helped us mass-produce microalgae such as Euglena gracilis. E. gracilis is a unicellular microalgal species found in freshwater and is an attractive species for producing lipids which can be converted into biofuels. However, its lipid production efficiency is low and unable to meet high demands from the competitive fuel market. In this article, we review a few innovative methods for developing super biofuels based on super microalgae that are anticipated to overcome the low lipid production efficiency.
Surgical Treatment of Hematogenous Vertebral Aspergillus Osteomyelitis (1990)

Three cases of Aspergillus fumigatas vertebral osteomyelitis failed courses of medical treatment. Each was subsequently treated with anterior vertebral debridement and posterior segmental spinal instrumentation. Despite poor nutritional and immune systems, resolution of the infection and subsequent anterior ankylosis occurred in each patient, with follow-up ranging from 1 to 3 years. If patients with aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis do not respond to medical treatment, early surgical debridement and stabilization in combination with intravenous amphotericin B can lead to resolution and bony ankylosis.
3D MOS-capacitor-based ionizing radiation sensors (2017)

In this paper, we present the first 3D Si MOS-capacitor-based radiation (gamma ray) sensor with high sensitivity and wide dose operation for occupational dosimetry applications. The capacitance changes almost linearly with the total radiation dose. By 3D structuring of Si surface with an anisotropic wet etching, surface area increases by 4 times in comparison with the 2D flat surface. Consequently, radiation sensitivity increases by more than 3 times, which is significantly better than previous reported sensitivity for MOS capacitor type radiation sensors.