gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEMS Lubrication by In-Situ Tribochemical Reactions From the Vapor Phase. (2008)

Vapor Phase Lubrication (VPL) of silicon surfaces with pentanol has been demonstrated. Two potential show stoppers with respect to application of this approach to real MEMS devices have been investigated. Water vapor was found to reduce the effectiveness of VPL with alcohol for a given alcohol concentration, but the basic reaction mechanism observed in water-free environments is still active, and devices operated much longer in mixed alcohol and water vapor environments than with chemisorbed monolayer lubricants alone. Complex MEMS gear trains were successfully lubricated with alcohol vapors, resulting in a factor of 104 improvement in operating life without failure. Complex devices could be made to fail if operated at much higher frequencies than previously used, and there is some evidence that the observed failure is due to accumulation of reaction products at deeply buried interfaces. However, if hypothetical reaction mechanisms involving heated surfaces are valid, then the failures observed at high frequency may not be relevant to operation at normal frequencies. Therefore, this work demonstrates that VPL is a viable approach for complex MEMS devices in conventional packages. Further study of the VPL reaction mechanisms are recommended so that the vapor composition may be optimized for low friction and for different substrate materials with potential application to conventionally fabricated, metal alloy parts in weapons systems. Reaction kinetics should be studied to define effective lubrication regimes as a function of the partial pressure of the vapor phase constituent, interfacial shear rate, substrate composition, and temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Flexible Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated 2,2‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Metabolism of isoniazid and free hydrazine formation in isolated rat hepatocytes. (1981)

Isoniazid (INH) was incubated with isolated rat hepatocytes, and the amounts of acetyl-INH, monoacetylhydrazine, diacetylhydrazine and hydrazine formed were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequent analyses of kinetic parameters of metabolic pathways and enzymological study of rat liver homogenate revealed that hydrazine was formed preferentially from INH, catalyzed by soluble hydrolytic enzymes.
Isolation of Aquatic Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria for the Floating Plant Duckweed (Lemna minor) (2022)

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can exert beneficial growth effects on their host plants. Little is known about the phylogeny and growth-promoting mechanisms of PGPB associated with aquatic plants, although those of terrestrial PGPB have been well-studied. Here, we report four novel aquatic PGPB strains, MRB1-4 (NITE P-01645-P-01648), for duckweed <i>Lemna minor</i> from our rhizobacterial collection isolated from <i>Lythrum anceps</i>. The number of <i>L. minor</i> fronds during 14 days co-culture with the strains MRB1-4 increased by 2.1-3.8-fold, compared with an uninoculated control; the plant biomass and chlorophyll content in co-cultures also increased. Moreover, all strains possessed an indole-3-acetic acid production trait in common with a plant growth-promoting trait of terrestrial PGPB. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three strains, MRB-1, -3, and -4, were affiliated with known proteobacterial genera (<i>Bradyrhizobium</i> and <i>Pelomonas</i>); this report is the first to describe a plant-growth promoting activity of <i>Pelomonas</i> members. The gammaproteobacterial strain MRB2 was suggested to be phylogenetically novel at the genus level. Under microscopic observation, the <i>Pelomonas</i> strain MRB3 was epiphytic and adhered to both the root surfaces and fronds of duckweed. The duckweed PGPB obtained here could serve as a new model for understanding unforeseen mechanisms behind aquatic plant-microbe interactions.
Photocrosslinking of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) via Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Use of Polyfunctional Benzylic Alcohols in the Design of Chemically Amplified Resist Materials with Tunable Sensitivities (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotocrosslinking of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) via Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Use of Polyfunctional Benzylic Alcohols in the Design of Chemically Amplified Resist Materials with Tunable SensitivitiesS. Ming Lee, Jean M. J. Frechet, and C. Grant WillsonCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 18, 5154–5159Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00096a044RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Risk Mapping of Influenza D Virus Occurrence in Ruminants and Swine in Togo Using a Spatial Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach (2020)

Influenza D virus (IDV) has been identified in several continents, with serological evidence for the virus in Africa. In order to improve the sensitivity and cost-benefit of IDV surveillance in Togo, risk maps were drawn using a spatial multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) and experts' opinion to evaluate the relevance of sampling areas used so far. Areas at highest risk of IDV occurrence were the main cattle markets. The maps were evaluated with previous field surveillance data collected in Togo between 2017 and 2019: 1216 sera from cattle, small ruminants, and swine were screened for antibodies to IDV by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. While further samples collections are needed to validate the maps, the risk maps resulting from the spatial MCDA approach generated here highlight several priority areas for IDV circulation assessment.
Class A Orphans in GtoPdb v.2021.3 (2021)

Table 1 lists a number of putative GPCRs identified by NC-IUPHAR [161], for which preliminary evidence for an endogenous ligand has been published, or for which there exists a potential link to a disease, or disorder. These GPCRs have recently been reviewed in detail [121]. The GPCRs in Table 1 are all Class A, rhodopsin-like GPCRs. Class A orphan GPCRs not listed in Table 1 are putative GPCRs with as-yet unidentified endogenous ligands.Table 1: Class A orphan GPCRs with putative endogenous ligands GPR3GPR4GPR6GPR12GPR15GPR17GPR20 GPR22GPR26GPR31GPR34GPR35GPR37GPR39 GPR50GPR63GRP65GPR68GPR75GPR84GPR87 GPR88GPR132GPR149GPR161GPR183LGR4LGR5 LGR6MAS1MRGPRDMRGPRX1MRGPRX2P2RY10TAAR2 In addition the orphan receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 which are reported to respond to endogenous agents analogous to the endogenous cannabinoid ligands have been grouped together (GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119).
Harnessing the crowds for smart city sensing (2012)

In this work we discuss the challenge of harnessing the crowd for smart city sensing. Within a city's context, such reports by citizen or city visitor eye witnesses may provide important information to city officials, additionally to more traditional data gathered by other means (e.g., through the city's control center, emergency services, sensors spread across the city, etc). We present an high-level overview of a novel crowd sensing system that we develop in IBM for the smart cities domain. As a proof of concept, we present some preliminary results using public safety as our example usecase.
Simulation Framework for a Security Protocol for Wireless Body Sensor Networks (2016)

The implementation of security protocols within Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) creates chances for more observations in the sake of performance evaluation. The robustness of such protocols can be verified by formalizing its components using different techniques. In addition, simulating the security protocol can provide an insight into several design parameters, such as response to inputs, and help adjusting these design parameters. In this paper, we provide a framework for simulating security protocols within WBSN in order to validate that such protocol meets essential security requirements. Afterwards, we apply it on a security protocol that relies on ElectroCardioGram signal. During the work on this paper, it has been proven that the simulation framework provides the user with the potential to analyze the security aspects of Wireless Body Sensor network applications, such as ElectroCardioGram bio-sensor.
Human Intellectual Disability Genes Form Conserved Functional Modules in Drosophila (2013)

Intellectual Disability (ID) disorders, defined by an IQ below 70, are genetically and phenotypically highly heterogeneous. Identification of common molecular pathways underlying these disorders is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of cognition and for the development of therapeutic intervention strategies. To systematically establish their functional connectivity, we used transgenic RNAi to target 270 ID gene orthologs in the Drosophila eye. Assessment of neuronal function in behavioral and electrophysiological assays and multiparametric morphological analysis identified phenotypes associated with knockdown of 180 ID gene orthologs. Most of these genotype-phenotype associations were novel. For example, we uncovered 16 genes that are required for basal neurotransmission and have not previously been implicated in this process in any system or organism. ID gene orthologs with morphological eye phenotypes, in contrast to genes without phenotypes, are relatively highly expressed in the human nervous system and are enriched for neuronal functions, suggesting that eye phenotyping can distinguish different classes of ID genes. Indeed, grouping genes by Drosophila phenotype uncovered 26 connected functional modules. Novel links between ID genes successfully predicted that MYCN, PIGV and UPF3B regulate synapse development. Drosophila phenotype groups show, in addition to ID, significant phenotypic similarity also in humans, indicating that functional modules are conserved. The combined data indicate that ID disorders, despite their extreme genetic diversity, are caused by disruption of a limited number of highly connected functional modules.
Neutral beam injectors for the GOL-NB facility (2016)

An overview of the newly built neutral beam injection system is presented. This system is intended for creating a population of warm ions in the central cell of the recently developed GOL-NB facility. The system includes two neutral beam injectors and appropriate power supply and control means. Beam parameters are: energy 25 keV, total power 1.5 MW, pulse duration 5 ms.
An Improved Large-Scale Preparation of Benzimidazole-2-Sulfonic Acids and 2-Chlorobenzimidazoles.‡ (1998)

Abstract An improved method for the preparation of benzimidazole-2-sulfonic acids from 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles has been developed which utilizes aqueous sodium percarbonate. 2-Chlorobenzimidazoles were obtained in high yield from the corresponding sulfonic acids upon reaction with PCl5 in POCl3 on a gram-mole scale.
The Dynamics of MEMS Arches of Non-Ideal Boundary Conditions (2011)

We present an investigation into the dynamics of MEMS arches when actuated electrically including the effect of their flexible (non-ideal) supports. First, the eigenvalue problem of a nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli shallow arch with torsional and transversal springs at the boundaries is solved analytically. Several results are shown to demonstrate the possibility of tuning the theoretically obtained natural frequencies of an arch to match the experimentally measured. Then, simulation results are shown for the forced vibration response of an arch when excited by a DC electrostatic force superimposed to an AC harmonic load. Shooting technique is utilized to find periodic motions. The stability of the captured periodic motion is examined using the Floquet theory. The results show several jumps in the response during snap-through motion and pull-in. Theoretical and experimental investigations are conducted on a microfabricated curved beam actuated electrically. Results show softening behavior and superharmonic resonances. It is demonstrated that non-ideal boundary conditions can have significant effect on the qualitative dynamical behavior of the MEMS arch, including its natural frequencies, snap-through behavior, and dynamic pull-in.
A compact and lossless 8 &#x00D7; 8 SOA gate switch subsystem for WDM optical packet interconnections (2008)

We developed a compact 8×8 gate switch subsystem, which was integrated with eight 8:1 SOA modules (72-SOAs). We achieved a high-speed switching, lossless and colored operation.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of a Heteropolyoxopalladate Nanocube: [PdII13AsV8O34 (OH)6]8‐. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Survey of Bacterial Diversity From Successive Life Stages of Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) by Using 16S rDNA Pyrosequencing (2013)

Sustainable methods for managing waste associated with people and animals have been proposed in the past. Black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), larvae represent one of the more promising methods. Larvae reduce dry matter, bacteria, offensive odor, and house fly populations. Prepupae can be used as feedstuff for livestock. However, it is not known if such a method results in the proliferation of potential pathogens. Although some bacterial species have been cultured and identified from black soldier fly, a true appreciation of fly associated bacterial diversity is not known. Such information is needed to understand pathogen colonization on decomposing animal and plant waste in the presence of black soldier fly larvae as well as develop research strategies for maximizing the use of this fly to reduce waste without risking environmental harm. Using 454 sequencing, we surveyed bacterial diversity associated with successive life stages of the black soldier fly reared on plant material. Bacteria diversity classified (99.8%) across all life stages spanned six bacterial phyla with > or = 80% bootstrap support. Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla associated with the black soldier fly accounting for two-thirds of the fauna identified. Many of these bacteria would go undetected because of their inability to be cultured.
Introduction to the Issue on Enabling Technologies for Digital Optical Communication Systems (2010)

This issue aims at providing a diverse coverage of the current state of research in digital optical communication technologies, ranging all the way from deep-space laser communications to terrestrial fiber-optic transport, packet, and access networks to digital optical communications for computer interconnects and on-chip integration.
INTRACEREBRAL INFUSATE DISTRIBUTION BY CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY IN HUMANS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMAS (2007)

CED has the potential to deliver high molecular weight agents into tumor-infiltrated brain parenchyma with volumes of distribution that are clinically relevant. Target tissue anatomy and catheter position are critical parameters in optimizing drug delivery.
Uncertainty in techno-economic estimates of cellulosic ethanol production due to experimental measurement uncertainty (2012)

Abstract Background Cost-effective production of lignocellulosic biofuels remains a major financial and technical challenge at the industrial scale. A critical tool in biofuels process development is the techno-economic (TE) model, which calculates biofuel production costs using a process model and an economic model. The process model solves mass and energy balances for each unit, and the economic model estimates capital and operating costs from the process model based on economic assumptions. The process model inputs include experimental data on the feedstock composition and intermediate product yields for each unit. These experimental yield data are calculated from primary measurements. Uncertainty in these primary measurements is propagated to the calculated yields, to the process model, and ultimately to the economic model. Thus, outputs of the TE model have a minimum uncertainty associated with the uncertainty in the primary measurements. Results We calculate the uncertainty in the Minimum Ethanol Selling Price (MESP) estimate for lignocellulosic ethanol production via a biochemical conversion process: dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment of corn stover followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and co-fermentation of the resulting sugars to ethanol. We perform a sensitivity analysis on the TE model and identify the feedstock composition and conversion yields from three unit operations (xylose from pretreatment, glucose from enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanol from fermentation) as the most important variables. The uncertainty in the pretreatment xylose yield arises from multiple measurements, whereas the glucose and ethanol yields from enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, respectively, are dominated by a single measurement: the fraction of insoluble solids (fIS) in the biomass slurries. Conclusions We calculate a $0.15/gal uncertainty in MESP from the TE model due to uncertainties in primary measurements. This result sets a lower bound on the error bars of the TE model predictions. This analysis highlights the primary measurements that merit further development to reduce the uncertainty associated with their use in TE models. While we develop and apply this mathematical framework to a specific biorefinery scenario here, this analysis can be readily adapted to other types of biorefining processes and provides a general framework for propagating uncertainty due to analytical measurements through a TE model.
Intracellular concentration of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells (2013)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in the gastrointestinal tract. In most GISTs, the underlying mechanism is a gain-of-function mutation in the KIT or the PDGFRA gene. Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically blocks the intracellular ATP-binding sites of these receptors. A correlation exists between plasma levels of imatinib and progression-free survival, but it is not known whether the plasma concentration correlates with the intracellular drug concentration. We determined intracellular imatinib levels in two GIST cell lines: the imatinib-sensitive GIST882 and the imatinib-resistant GIST48. After exposing the GIST cells to imatinib, the intracellular concentrations were evaluated using LC-MS (TOF). The concentration of imatinib in clinical samples from three patients was also determined to assess the validity and reliability of the method in the clinical setting. Determination of imatinib uptake fits within detection levels and values are highly reproducible. The GIST48 cells showed significantly lower imatinib uptake compared with GIST882 in therapeutic doses, indicating a possible difference in uptake mechanisms. Furthermore, imatinib accumulated in the tumor tissues and showed intratumoral regional differences. These data show, for the first time, a feasible and reproducible technique to measure intracellular imatinib levels in experimental and clinical settings. The difference in the intracellular imatinib concentration between the cell lines and clinical samples indicates that drug transporters may contribute toward resistance mechanisms in GIST cells. This highlights the importance of further clinical studies to quantify drug transporter expression and measure intracellular imatinib levels in GIST patients.
Image quality for diffraction tomography, holographic backpropagation, and regularized sampling with noisy data (2011)

We consider the behaviour of inverse image reconstruction quality as a function of forward data SNR. A canonical scatterer geometry is used to obtain an analytical image contrast ratio estimate for Colton–Kirsch regularized sampling. For holographic backpropagation tomography, an estimate is developed for the SNR at which the image contrast ratio transitions from noise-dominated to the noise-free contrast ratio limit. Numerical results confirm the theoretical analyses and extend the results to more complex geometries. Holographic backpropagation exhibits the greatest noise immunity in the sense that the reconstructed image contrast ratio reaches an acceptable threshold at a lower SNR than is the case for standard diffraction tomography or the regularized sampling method.
Annealing study of Fe2O3 nanoparticles: Magnetic size effects and phase transformations (2002)

Sonochemically synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles were annealed in air or in vacuum while their magnetization was continuously recorded. Annealing in vacuum at temperatures Ta between 240 and 450 °C produced nanophases of γ-Fe2O3 with average particle size ranging from 4 to 14 nm, depending on Ta. Phase transformation into α-Fe2O3 occurred directly by annealing in air, or via an intermediate Fe3O4 phase by annealing in vacuum at temperatures higher than 450 °C. Mapping the correlation between the magnetic properties and the annealing conditions, enables control of the annealing process to obtain nanocrystals of γ-Fe2O3, α-Fe2O3, or Fe3O4 with different particle size and magnetic properties.
<title>Characterization of complex space-time optical fields</title> (1996)

We consider interferometric techniques for capturing ultra-fast pulsed images. We analyze the signal-to-noise performance and information capacity of pulsed image detection systems and we briefly discuss the possibility of improving detection systems using spectral holographic image capture.