gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Telesensation and Teleoperation Technology With Virtual Reality and Force Reflection Capabilities (2000)

A telesensation system implies the ultimate goal of teleoperation. Such a system provides the operator with the sensational feelings of the remote site as if he/she were working in the actual environment. Thus, the performance of the system is greatly improved. This paper mainly reviews some of the existing units of the three most important elements in a telesensation system. These units are force-reflecting manual controllers, virtual reality units, and an advanced operator interface. The feel of touch is provided by the force-reflecting manual controller, while the virtual reality unit gives the operator the 3-D view of the working environment. The telesensation system, also implemented with the advanced operator interface, allows the operator to easily control, model, plan, and simulate remote systems. These features have proven to be the most significant feedback of telesensation systems.
Ultrafast frame rate microscopy of microbubble oscillations: Current studies employing the UPMC-Cam (2015)

Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles are clinically employed for diagnostic imaging and have been shown to be a feasible therapeutic strategy for localized drug and gene delivery applications. In order to investigate microbubble oscillation dynamics, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center has developed the UPMC-Cam—an ultrafast imaging system capable of recording 128 frames at up to 25 million frames per second, one of only two in the world currently in use. Current studies include elucidating the effect of fluid viscosity on microbubble behavior. At lower pressures (0.1–0.25 MPa), an increase in fluid viscosity from 1 to 4 cP alters the fundamental and second-harmonic oscillation amplitudes in a bubble size-dependent manner, related to resonance. At higher pressures (0.5–1.5 MPa), a significant decrease in the propensity for microbubble fragmentation was observed in the more viscid fluid environment. Additionally, studies aimed at gaining physical insights into sonoporation have been conducted in which individual bubbles lay adjacent to a cell monolayer. These studies have revealed a maximum microbubble expansion threshold above which sonoporation occurs, likely related to the associated shear stresses exerted by a microbubble on the adjacent cell membrane. The UPMC-Cam has shown to be an invaluable tool for investigating biophysical-related phenomena over a wide range of ultrasound-microbubble applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ring Transformations of 4‐Acylamino‐ and 4‐Dimethylaminomethyleneamino‐1H‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐3‐carbonitriles to Pyrimidine‐5‐carbonitriles. (1987)

Abstract 4‐Amino‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐3‐carbonitrile (I) is converted to the dihydropyrimidine derivatives (V) by acylation and reaction with methylamine (IV).
1098: Location and Etiology of Flexible and Semi-Rigid Ureteroscope Damage (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Tuesday, May 24, 2005 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 20051098: Location and Etiology of Flexible and Semi-Rigid Ureteroscope Damage W. Patrick Springhart, Jeffrey C. Sung, Charles G. Marguet, James O. L'Esperance, Roger L. Sur, Charles D. Scales, Regina D. Norris, Peter J. Jones, David A. Cantor, David M. Albala, and Glenn M. Preminger W. Patrick SpringhartW. Patrick Springhart More articles by this author , Jeffrey C. SungJeffrey C. Sung More articles by this author , Charles G. MarguetCharles G. Marguet More articles by this author , James O. L'EsperanceJames O. L'Esperance More articles by this author , Roger L. SurRoger L. Sur More articles by this author , Charles D. ScalesCharles D. Scales More articles by this author , Regina D. NorrisRegina D. Norris More articles by this author , Peter J. JonesPeter J. Jones More articles by this author , David A. CantorDavid A. Cantor More articles by this author , David M. AlbalaDavid M. Albala More articles by this author , and Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35254-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1098: Location and Etiology of Flexible and Semi-Rigid Ureteroscope Damage." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 298 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 298 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information W. Patrick Springhart More articles by this author Jeffrey C. Sung More articles by this author Charles G. Marguet More articles by this author James O. L'Esperance More articles by this author Roger L. Sur More articles by this author Charles D. Scales More articles by this author Regina D. Norris More articles by this author Peter J. Jones More articles by this author David A. Cantor More articles by this author David M. Albala More articles by this author Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of standardized source sets for enhanced EMI classification of buried heterogeneous objects (2004)

Most unexploded ordinance (UXO) are heterogeneous objects containing parts of different metals, e.g., head, body, tail and fins, copper banding, etc. Recently, low frequency electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing, based on the EM diffusion phenomena, has shown considerable progress for the detection and discrimination of UXO. EMI responses are sensitive to the type of metal (conductivity and permeability), to the distance between the sensor and scatterer, and to the coupling effects between different parts of the object. Until now, the simple dipole models used to represent EMI response have neglected the coupling and close proximity effects seen for realistic objects. These factors can interact with the particulars of excitation and observation to produce substantially varied signature patterns for a given object. This means that a key requirement in discrimination/inversion processing is to calculate very fast but very realistic EMI responses for actual target types. This work presents a new discrimination technique based on the standardized excitation approximation (SEA). The SEA seeks to identify objects in terms of their characteristic responses to sets of well defined excitations that can be used to describe any primary (excitation) field. In the new SEA system presented here, the standardized excitations are those produced by a standardized source set (SSS), in particular, fictitious magnetic sources distributed mathematically over a surface surrounding a scatterer. Several numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed new technique. Finally, the spatial distribution and frequency dependence of responding equivalent sources are analyzed to demonstrate the usefulness of SSS for target discrimination.
Inner ear autoantibodies in patients with rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss (1990)

Recognition of immune-mediated sensorineural deafness that responds to immunosuppressive therapy has led to a search for a diagnostic assay to identify inner ear autoantibodies. Without a confirmed diagnosis of autoimmune disease, many patients have undergone inappropriate immunosuppressive treatment or developed irreversible inner ear damage. Serum from patients with progressive sensorineural hearing loss (n = 54), ulcerative colitis (N = 5), normal controls (N = 14), and animals with experimental autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss (EASNHL) were analyzed by Western blot against fresh bovine inner ear antigen preparations. The hearing loss group (19 [35%]) showed a single-or double-band migrating at 68,000 molecular weight (MW), differing from the normal group (1 of 14 [7%]) which showed a similar band (P = .031). Upon analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis both the EASNHL guinea pigs and a patient reacted against identical components of inner ear antigen. These results suggest an autoimmune basis for disease in patients reacting against the 68,000 MW antigen.
Susceptibility of Snark‐deficient mice to azoxymethane‐induced colorectal tumorigenesis and the formation of aberrant crypt foci (2008)

SNF-1/5'-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)-related kinase (SNARK) is a member of the AMPK-related kinases. Snark(+/-) mice exhibited mature-onset obesity and related metabolic disorders. Obesity is regarded as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. To investigate whether Snark deficiency is involved in tumorigenesis in the large intestine, obese Snark(+/-) mice were treated with a chemical carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM). The incidences of both adenomas and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were significantly higher in Snark(+/-) mice than in their wild-type counterparts 28 weeks after the completion of AOM treatment (10 mg/kg/week for 8 weeks). Furthermore, ACF formation was enhanced in Snark(+/-) mice treated with AOM for 2 weeks, suggesting that Snark deficiency contributed to the early phase of tumorigenesis. The total number of ACF was correlated with bodyweight in Snark(+/-) and Snark(+/+) mice, suggesting that obesity was a risk factor for colorectal tumorigenesis in this model. However, the correlation coefficient was higher in Snark(+/-) mice. Moreover, AOM-induced ACF formation was also enhanced in preobese Snark(+/-) mice. Together, these findings suggest that AOM-induced tumorigenesis in Snark(+/-) mice was enhanced via obesity-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Dislocation pile-ups in silicon (1973)

Abstract Queues of dislocations with a common Burgers vector and, within the limits of resolution, a common slip plane have been observed in a deformed single crystal slice of silicon by means of the Lang technique. One such ‘pile-up’ is analysed in detail. The obstacle appears to consist of two Lomer dislocations which extend right across the crystal, but the configuration is partially relaxed since the leading dislocations are able, over part of their lengths, to pass the obstacle by cross-slip processes. It is believed that the glide dislocations are situated on at least two slip planes and that this accounts for their nearly uniform spacing.
Data from Weight Change in Breast Cancer Survivors Compared to Cancer-Free Women: A Prospective Study in Women at Familial Risk of Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; This study prospectively examines weight gain in breast cancer survivors compared with cancer-free women from a familial risk cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Absolute and percent weight change over 4 years was compared among 303 breast cancer survivors and 307 cancer-free women matched on age and menopausal status, from the same familial risk cohort. Linear and logistic regression was used to estimate the association between survivor status and weight gain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Overall, breast cancer survivors gained significantly more weight [β = 3.06 pounds; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.94–5.17] than cancer-free women. Significant weight gain was observed in survivors diagnosed less than 5 years prior to baseline (β = 3.81 pounds; 95% CI, 1.22–6.29) and women with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors (β = 7.26 pounds; 95% CI, 2.23–12.30). Furthermore, survivors treated with chemotherapy were 2.1 times more likely to gain at least 11 pounds during follow-up compared with cancer-free women (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.21–3.63). Weight gain was even greater among survivors who took statins while undergoing chemotherapy treatment (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;interaction&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.01).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; This is the first study to demonstrate that weight gain is an important issue in breast cancer survivors with a familial risk. In the first five years posttreatment, breast cancer survivors gain weight at a faster rate than cancer-free women, particularly after chemotherapy and statin use but not after hormone therapy alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings provide support for the development of weight gain interventions for young breast cancer survivors with a familial risk. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(8); 1262–9. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Application of multi-frequency admittance-based fault passage indication in practical compensated medium-voltage network (2017)

This study introduces a novel fault passage indicator function and device for compensated medium-voltage (MV) networks. The operation is based on multi-frequency neutral admittance measurement together with a cumulative phasor summing technique. With this methodology, high-level requirements for indication sensitivity and selectivity can be fulfilled during all types of earth faults that may be encountered in practical MV networks. The first commercial installation to apply the new fault passage indicators was implemented and field-tested at the end of 2016, in close cooperation with the second largest utility in Finland, Elenia. This pilot project included several compact secondary substations and one pole-mounted load-break switch installed along feeders of a rural compensated 110/20 kV substation. Followed by an extensive field test, the performance of the fault passage indicators was evaluated. The results verified the highly dependable operation of fault passage indication (FPI) based on the multi-frequency admittance criterion. All trial faults were correctly detected, even up to 7.5 kΩ in terms of fault resistance. However, a special challenge of ‘local over-compensation’ owing to distributed compensation coils was recognised. Based on the test results, the new fault passage indicator truly enables and enhances the location of earth faults in compensated MV networks.
The effect of anodic surface treatment on the oxidation of catechols at ultrasmall carbon ring electrodes (1991)

Abstract Electrochemical anodic treatment at ultrasmall carbon ring electrodes appears to result in the formation of an oxide film that displays charge‐selective and pH‐dependent enhancements following treatment. Voltammetry after treatment in pH 7.4 citrate‐phosphate buffer is more Nernstian for dopamine (DA) and less Nernstian for 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). However, oxidation in pH 2.8 buffer gives rise to voltammetry that is less Nernstian for both DA and DOPAC. Extensive surface oxidation in potassium hydroxide apparently forms a thick layer that acts like a thin layer reservoir for adsorbed analyte. Voltammetry following extensive treatment is attenuated and peak shaped. Minimal surface oxidation in KOH results in more Nernstian sigmoidal voltammetry with only light current attenuation. The data suggest that an oxide layer formed following anodic treatment is non‐uniform and leaves sites of activated carbon exposed on the surface. Furthermore, it appears that this layer has cation‐exchange properties giving rise to charge transfer selectivity. A model of the surface formed following anodic oxidation is consistent with previous models involving both surface cleanliness and carbon structure orientation.
Robust Multi-Agent Bandits Over Undirected Graphs (2023)

We consider a multi-agent multi-armed bandit setting in which n honest agents collaborate over a network to minimize regret but m malicious agents can disrupt learning arbitrarily. Assuming the network is the complete graph, existing algorithms incur O((m + K/n) log (T) / Δ) regret in this setting, where K is the number of arms and Δ is the arm gap. For m &lt;&lt; K, this improves over the single-agent baseline regret of O(K log(T)/Δ). In this work, we show the situation is murkier beyond the case of a complete graph. In particular, we provide an instance for which honest agents using the state-of-the-art algorithm suffer (nearly) linear regret until time is doubly exponential in n. In light of this negative result, we propose a new algorithm for which the i-th agent has regret O((dmal (i) + K/n) log(T)/Δ) on any connected and undirected graph, where dmal (i) is the number of i's neighbors who are malicious. Thus, we generalize existing regret bounds beyond the complete graph and show the effect of malicious agents is entirely local.
Plain Language Summary of PEGASUS, a Study Comparing Pegcetacoplan with Eculizumab for 16 Weeks in People with Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (2023)

What is this summary about? This plain language summary is about a phase 3 clinical trial called PEGASUS. The PEGASUS trial studied adults with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a rare blood disorder usually acquired in adulthood without a known cause. Patients with PNH have defects in the complement system, which is part of the immune defense system. This complement defect results in the destruction of red blood cells; this is called hemolysis. Hemolysis then causes anemia. People with anemia do not have enough red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body, which can cause fatigue (extreme tiredness), shortness of breath, or headache. Anemia can be measured by the level or amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemolysis can be measured by the amount of hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and reticulocytes in the blood. Hemoglobin and LDH are proteins inside red blood cells. In patients with PNH, hemolysis causes hemoglobin levels to go down and LDH levels go up. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells; their level goes up during hemolysis to replace destroyed red blood cells. Eculizumab is the current standard of care for patients with PNH. Eculizumab is a medicine that blocks or inhibits the complement component 5 (C5). Pegcetacoplan is a new medicine, the first that inhibits the complement component C3. The PEGASUS study compared the new medicine pegcetacoplan with eculizumab in adults with PNH who remained anemic even after being treated with eculizumab for at least 3 months. In PEGASUS, 41 participants received pegcetacoplan and 39 people received eculizumab for 16 weeks. What were the results? The trial results showed that pegcetacoplan decreased signs of hemolysis compared to eculizumab. Participants treated with pegcetacoplan for 16 weeks had increased blood levels of hemoglobin, and decreased levels of LDH and reticulocytes; also, 85% of them no longer needed a blood transfusion compared with 15% of those treated with eculizumab. A patient survey showed that 73% of patients who received pegcetacoplan had decreased fatigue. None of the participants treated with eculizumab had decreased fatigue. Most participants in both treatment groups had side effects. However, no serious infections or thrombosis (blood clots) occurred with either treatment group. Episodes of hemolysis during treatment, called breakthrough hemolysis, happened in 10% of pegcetacoplan- and 23% of eculizumab-treated participants. What do the results mean? Pegcetacoplan reduced the level of hemolysis in adults with PNH better than eculizumab did. Pegcetacoplan was well tolerated by most patients in this study.
Application and Validation of Unstructured Overset CFD Technology for Rotorcraft Gearbox Windage Aerodynamics Simulation (2008)

An unstructured overset moving mesh CFD method is adapted, validated and applied to spinning gear systems with emphasis on predicting windage losses. Several spur gears and a disc, spinning in air at rotation rates up to 1200 s−1 are studied. It is observed that the CFD simulations return good agreement with measured windage power loss, as determined by the deceleration of the gears due to torques exerted by viscous and pressure forces on the gear surfaces. Turbulence modeling choices, the relative importance of viscous and pressure torques with gear speed, and the physics of the complex 3D unsteady flow field in the vicinity of the gear teeth are studied. The capabilities and challenges associated with the overset mesh approach for enclosed gear train applications are demonstrated.
Simulation of Vapor−Liquid Phase Equilibria of Primary Alcohols and Alcohol−Alkane Mixtures (2004)

The NERD force field (Nath, S. K.; Escobedo, F. A.; de Pablo, J. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1998, 108, 9905) is extended to include parameters for modeling primary alcohols. Gibbs ensemble simulations are performed for the pure component vapor−liquid equilibria of the homologous series of alcohols from ethanol to 1-octanol. Our results show that the simulated values of the saturated liquid densities and critical constants of the alcohols are within a few percent of the corresponding experimental data. In addition, the simulated pressure composition diagram for a binary mixture of heptane and 1-pentanol also shows satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
Effect of Oxidant in MOCVD-Growth of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Gate Insulator on 4H-SiC MOSFET Properties (2009)

We have examined the effect of oxidant in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of Al2O3 gate insulator on MOSFET electrical properties. High channel mobility of 311 cm2/Vs for Al2O3/SiC MOSFET is demonstrated when the Al2O3 gate insulator is deposited on HF-treated substrate at 190oC using triethyl-aluminum (TEA) and O2 as Al source and oxidant gas, respectively. This is much higher than that of Al2O3/SiC MOSFET when Al2O3 gate insulator was deposited with TEA and H2O at the same temperature. In addition, channel mobility at high gate electric field can be improved by using O2 as oxidant gas and effective mobility of 207 cm2/Vs is obtained at SiO2 equivalent gate electric field of 1.5 MV/cm.
The Vacuum/Steam/Vacuum Process Prototype process reduces bacteria on solid foods without thermal damage (2003)

We report fatal transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a patient who was not severely immunosuppressed. A 58-year-old man received 800 ml of fresh whole blood from his son and an unrelated volunteer donor during open heart surgery. On the 10th day after the operation, he suddenly had a high fever, followed by generalized skin rash and liver dysfunction. Pancytopenia due to bone marrow aplasia developed a week later. A skin biopsy revealed a cutaneous lesion highly compatible with acute GVHD. The patient did not respond to high-dose methylprednisolone therapy, and died of multiple organ failure on the 18th day after the operation.