gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Off-resonance NOVEL (2017)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is theoretically able to enhance the signal in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by a factor γ<sub>e</sub>/γ<sub>n</sub>, where γ's are the gyromagnetic ratios of an electron and a nuclear spin. However, DNP enhancements currently achieved in high-field, high-resolution biomolecular magic-angle spinning NMR are well below this limit because the continuous-wave DNP mechanisms employed in these experiments scale as ω<sub>0</sub><sup>-n</sup> where n ∼ 1-2. In pulsed DNP methods, such as nuclear orientation via electron spin-locking (NOVEL), the DNP efficiency is independent of the strength of the main magnetic field. Hence, these methods represent a viable alternative approach for enhancing nuclear signals. At 0.35 T, the NOVEL scheme was demonstrated to be efficient in samples doped with stable radicals, generating <sup>1</sup>H NMR enhancements of ∼430. However, an impediment in the implementation of NOVEL at high fields is the requirement of sufficient microwave power to fulfill the on-resonance matching condition, ω<sub>0I</sub> = ω<sub>1S</sub>, where ω<sub>0I</sub> and ω<sub>1S</sub> are the nuclear Larmor and electron Rabi frequencies, respectively. Here, we exploit a generalized matching condition, which states that the effective Rabi frequency, ω<sub>1S</sub><sup>eff</sup>, matches ω<sub>0I</sub>. By using this generalized off-resonance matching condition, we generate <sup>1</sup>H NMR signal enhancement factors of 266 (∼70% of the on-resonance NOVEL enhancement) with ω<sub>1S</sub>/2π = 5 MHz. We investigate experimentally the conditions for optimal transfer of polarization from electrons to <sup>1</sup>H both for the NOVEL mechanism and the solid-effect mechanism and provide a unified theoretical description for these two historically distinct forms of DNP.
Spatially Augmented Reality (1999)

To create an effective illusion of virtual objects coexisting with the real world, see-through HMD-based Augmented Reality techniques supplement the user's view with images of virtual objects.We introduce here a new paradigm, Spatially Augmented Reality (SAR), where virtual objects are rendered directly within or on the user's physical space.A key benefit of SAR is that the user does not need to wear a head-mounted display.Instead, with the use of spatial displays, wide field of view and possibly high-resolution images of virtual objects can be integrated directly into the environment.For example, the virtual objects can be realized by using digital light projectors to "paint" 2D/3D imagery onto real surfaces, or by using built-in flat panel displays.In this paper we present the rendering method used in our implementation and discuss the fundamentally different visible artifacts that arise as a result of errors in tracker measurements.Finally, we speculate about how SAR techniques might be combined with see-through AR to provide an even more compelling AR experience.
A multichannel widely linearwiener filter for binaural noise reduction in the short-time-fourier-transform domain (2014)

Binaural noise reduction is a very challenging problem since it requires not only to reduce noise, but also to recover the spatial information of the desired speech source so that the listener can localize this source from the binaural outputs. In this paper, we study the problem in the short-time-Fourier-transform (STFT) domain with the use of an array of microphones. Combining the multichannel microphone observations into a number of complex signals and merging the two (binaural) expected output channels into a complex signal, we reformulate the problem with the widely linear (WL) estimation technique. To efficiently achieve the optimal estimation, the complex signals are transformed into the frequency domain via the STFT. We then derive a WL Wiener filter based on the WL estimation theory and the mean-squared-error (MSE) criterion. This WL Wiener filter is shown to be able to exploit the noncircularity of the complex speech signals and the spatial information captured by the microphone array to achieve noise reduction while preserving the sound spatial information.
Updated unified phylogenetic classification system and revised nomenclature for Newcastle disease virus (2019)

Several Avian paramyxoviruses 1 (synonymous with Newcastle disease virus or NDV, used hereafter) classification systems have been proposed for strain identification and differentiation. These systems pioneered classification efforts; however, they were based on different approaches and lacked objective criteria for the differentiation of isolates. These differences have created discrepancies among systems, rendering discussions and comparisons across studies difficult. Although a system that used objective classification criteria was proposed by Diel and co-workers in 2012, the ample worldwide circulation and constant evolution of NDV, and utilization of only some of the criteria, led to identical naming and/or incorrect assigning of new sub/genotypes. To address these issues, an international consortium of experts was convened to undertake in-depth analyses of NDV genetic diversity. This consortium generated curated, up-to-date, complete fusion gene class I and class II datasets of all known NDV for public use, performed comprehensive phylogenetic neighbor-Joining, maximum-likelihood, Bayesian and nucleotide distance analyses, and compared these inference methods. An updated NDV classification and nomenclature system that incorporates phylogenetic topology, genetic distances, branch support, and epidemiological independence was developed. This new consensus system maintains two NDV classes and existing genotypes, identifies three new class II genotypes, and reduces the number of sub-genotypes. In order to track the ancestry of viruses, a dichotomous naming system for designating sub-genotypes was introduced. In addition, a pilot dataset and sub-trees rooting guidelines for rapid preliminary genotype identification of new isolates are provided. Guidelines for sequence dataset curation and phylogenetic inference, and a detailed comparison between the updated and previous systems are included. To increase the speed of phylogenetic inference and ensure consistency between laboratories, detailed guidelines for the use of a supercomputer are also provided. The proposed unified classification system will facilitate future studies of NDV evolution and epidemiology, and comparison of results obtained across the world.
Integrins, tensegrity, and mechanotransduction. (1997)

Physical forces, such as those due to gravity, play an important role in tissue development and remodeling. Yet, little is known about how individual cells sense mechanical signals or how they transduce them into a chemical response. Rather than listing the numerous signal pathways that have been found to be sensitive to mechanical stimulation, we need to place potential molecular signaling mechanisms within the context of the entire cell. The model presented is based on the concept that cells use tensegrity architecture to organize their cytoskeleton and stabilize their form. Studies with stick and string tensegrity cell models predict that living cells are hard-wired to respond immediately to external mechanical stresses. This hard-wiring exists in the form of discrete cytoskeletal filament networks that mechanically couple specific cell surface receptors, such as integrins, to nuclear matrix scaffolds and to potential transducing molecules that physically associate with the cytoskeleton. If these signaling molecules do function in a "solid-state", then mechanical stresses may be transduced into biochemical responses through force-dependent changes in cytoskeletal geometry or through local alterations in thermodynamic or kinetic parameters. Changes in cytoskeletal tension (prestress) also may play a role in signal amplification and adaptation. Recent experimental results are described which provide direct support for the tensegrity theory.
One-dimensional gradient-index metrology based on ray slope measurements using a bootstrap algorithm (2013)

The refractive index profile of one-dimensional gradient-index (GRIN) samples can be measured using the incident and exit beam angles of multiple beams passing through the sample at different positions along the index gradient. Beginning from a region of known refractive index, the collective angular deflection measurement of multiple beams is bootstrapped to compute the index profile of the entire sample. An alternative method using an approximate beam displacement model and a corrective algorithm is also presented. The two techniques are used to measure the index profile of a thick GRIN sample, and experimental results show good agreement with a maximum discrepancy of 1.5×10 −3 in the calculated index. An index accuracy of 5×10 −4 is predicted for the bootstrap method employing typical micron-level spatial measurements.
Chinese online communities (2010)

Existing studies of online social communities mainly focus on communities in the United States. Since Chinese social beliefs and behaviors largely differ from that of Americans, we hypothesize that Chinese online communities also greatly differ from their U.S. counterparts. In particular, we believe that Chinese online communities must balance management control and individual autonomy to accommodate both Chinese tradition and the social nature of online societies. In this paper, we present three studies to test our hypothesis. First, we use a structured observation (Study I) to examine community governance practices of 32 Chinese and American social sites. Based on the identified community governance practices, we use a cross-cultural survey of 208 Chinese and Americans (Study II) to learn about their behavior and attitude toward these practices. Finally, we interview 38 Chinese users (Study III) to help us further understand how Chinese online communities balance the needs of management and users. Not only do the studies confirm our hypothesis, but they also help us abstract two key design implications of social software to meet the needs of Chinese.
Synergistic Anticancer Effect of Astragalus Membranaceus and Adenophora Triphylla Var. Japonica in H1299 Human Lung Carcinoma Cells (2017)

The anti-cancer effects of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Adenophora triphylla var. japonica (AT) have been described. Each of their effects mainly focused on the immunopotentiating and apoptosis inducing-ability in several cancer cell lines. Although the combination of AM and AT is occasionally used in Chinese medicine to treat lung cancers, their synergistic effect has not been proved yet. This study was designed to verify whether AM combined with AT exhibits a synergistic anti-cancer effect in H1299 human lung carcinoma cells. The ethanol extracts of AM (EAM) and AT (EAT) showed only slight cytotoxicity in H1299 cells when treated alone. However, the combination of EAM and EAT markedly suppressed the cell growth measured by MTT assay and trypan blue counting assay. In addition, co-treatment of EAM with EAT significantly reduced the colony-forming ability compared with single treatment of EAM or EAT in H1299 cells. We demonstrated that the synergistic effect of AM and AT was related with apoptosis induction proved by an accumulation of chromatin condensation, annexin V-positive cells, sub-G1 phase population, and cleaved-PARP expression, which were not observed by single treatment of EAM or EAT. In conclusion, the combination of EAM and EAT exhibited superior anti-cancer activity in H1299 cells than single treatment of EAM or EAT. We suggest that EAM combined with EAT might be a novel therapeutic option for lung cancer patients, and provide a reference for the development of more effective combination of Chinese herbs to treat lung cancer.
Theoretical near field clutter and interference cancellation for an adaptive phased array antenna (2005)

Displaced phase center antennas with adaptive nulling capability are sometimes suggested for airborne radar applications requiring cancellation of clutter and interference. A theoretical model is developed for analyzing a linear array having two independent beamformers, which is subjected to near-field or far-field clutter and interference. Both clutter and interference are modeled using discrete noise sources. It is demonstrated that an adaptive array cancels such near field and far field sources in a nearly equivalent manner.
An Augmented Iterative Method For Large Linear Toeplitz Systems (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Access to Enantiopure 5-, 7-, and 5,7-Substituted cis-Decahydroquinolines: Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-Cermizine B (2017)

Stereoconvergent cyclocondensation reactions of (R)- or (S)-phenylglycinol with appropriately substituted cyclohexanone-based δ-keto esters are the key steps of short synthetic routes to enantiopure 5-, 7-, and 5,7-substituted cis-decahydroquinolines. The factors governing the stereoselectivity of the cyclocondensation are discussed. The potential of the methodology is illustrated by a protecting-group-free synthesis of the phlegmarine-type Lycopodium alkaloid (-)-cermizine B.
An improved computational algorithm for finding the factorial (2008)

In the present paper, we consider a method for improving the computational algorithm for finding the factorials of integers; this method linearly accelerates the computations. We also present several algorithms effectively realizing this method and analyze their complexity.
Performance Analysis of Reliable Multicast Mechanisms for Widely Spread Distributed Applications in the Internet (1999)

When subjects must respond to a relevant center letter and ignore irrelevant flanking letters, the identities of the flankers produce a response compatibility effect, indicating that they are processed semantically at least to some extent. Because this effect decreases as the separation between target and flankers increases, the effect appears to result from imperfect early selection (attenuation). In the present experiments, several features of the focused attention paradigm were examined, in order to determine whether they might produce the flanker compatibility effect by interfering with the operation of an early selective mechanism. Specifically, the effect might be produced because the paradigm requires subjects to (1) attend exclusively to stimuli within a very small visual angle, (2) maintain a long-term attentional focus on a constant display location, (3) focus attention on an empty display location, (4) exclude onset-transient flankers from semantic processing, or (5) ignore some of the few stimuli in an impoverished visual field. The results indicate that none of these task features is required for semantic processing of unattended stimuli to occur. In fact, visual angle is the only one of the task features that clearly has a strong influence on the size of the flanker compatibility effect. The invariance of the flanker compatibility effect across these conditions suggests that the mechanism for early selection rarely, if ever, completely excludes unattended stimuli from semantic analysis. In addition, it shows that selective mechanisms are relatively insensitive to several factors that might be expected to influence them, thereby supporting the view that spatial separation has a special status for visual selective attention.
On the role of a HTO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> bi-layer blocking oxide in nitride-trap non-volatile memories (2008)

In this work, we present an experimental and theoretical study of nitride trap devices with a HTO/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> bi-layer blocking oxide. Such SAONOS (Silicon/Alumina/HTO/Nitride/Oxide/Silicon) devices are compared with standard SONOS (Silicon/HTO/Nitride/Oxide/Silicon) and SANOS (Silicon/Alumina/Nitride/Oxide/Silicon) memories. The role of the different layers (blocking oxide and control gate) is deeply analyzed, focusing on their impact on memory performance and reliability. Then, a semi-analytical model is developed, which provides a good understanding of the physical mechanisms at the origin of program/erase characteristics.
Correlates of protection for booster doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine (2022)

Abstract Variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV2 and waning immunity pose a serious global problem. Overall, vaccination and prior infection provide significant protection, but some individuals remain susceptible to infection and severe disease. Rigorously identifying correlates of protection (COP) is necessary to identify these susceptible populations. We conducted a multicenter prospective study assessing the association between serological profiles and the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, comparing those vaccinated with three to four doses of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine. We identified several IgG and IgA binding markers that were COPs. The strongest COP was reduced IgG levels to RBD mutants and IgA levels to VOCs (three-dose-group HR=6.34, p=0.008; four-dose-group HR=8.14, p=0.018). Most importantly, we identified a subset of vaccinated individuals with low antibody levels that generated a significant boost in neutralizing antibody titers after a fourth dose, but were still at significantly increased susceptibility to infection.
Predicting SINR conditions in mobile MIMO-OFDM systems by interpolation techniques (2008)

Channel adaptive transmission in multi-user MIMO systems is seen as a promising concept to achieve high spectral efficiencies in future radio networks: Based on feedback on actual channel conditions, the base station allocates transmission resources to the user terminals where they can support high data rates. However, due to the delay between evaluation of the channels at the terminals and application of the resource allocation decision, the concept operates conveniently only under quasi-static channel conditions. In case user terminals are moving, the channel may vary and thus the adaptive concept may suffer strong performance degradations. For a channel-adaptive transmission concept based on evaluation of SINR conditions, we propose a solution to predict future SINR conditions based on channel interpolation techniques. For a limited prediction interval depending on the receive antenna spacing, the technique significantly diminishes potential SINR losses.
Very extended infrared emission at the center of M51 - The role of star formation (1986)

Low surface brightness 10 micron emission has been detected in M51 extending more than 1 arcmin, or 3 kpc, in RA. The emission has roughly uniform brightness and originates from dust in a region that is prominent visually and centered on the nucleus. Complementary near-infrared scans, which are dominated by the light from red stars, also show notable structure from hot dust. The dust is heated predominately by young stars, although a nonthermal source and, to a lesser extent, red stars may power the emission at the nucleus. Simple starburst models imply that the star formation rate per square parsec in the extended infrared-disk is at least two to three orders of magnitude higher than in the solar neighborhood.
Zinc Oxide-Coated Plasmonic Chip Modified with a Bispecific Antibody for Sensitive Detection of a Fluorescent Labeled-Antigen (2011)

A plasmonic biosensor chip of silver-coated PMMA grating with a zinc oxide (ZnO) overlayer is fabricated for surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence (SPF) detection of Cy5-labeled green fluorescent protein (GFP). A bispecific antibody (anti-GFP x anti-ZnO antibody) prepared in our lab is densely immobilized on the sensor chip for GFP detection. The sensitivity of the plasmonic biosensors is improved due to densely packed antibodies and ZnO-coating that suppresses nonspecific protein adsorption and fluorescent quenching. With the ZnO-coated plasmonic chip, Cy5-labeled GFP of 10 pM can be detected through SPF. This sensitivity is 100 higher compared with the normal fluorescent detection on a ZnO-coated glass slide.
Identification of Der p 23, a Peritrophin-like Protein, as a New Major Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Allergen Associated with the Peritrophic Matrix of Mite Fecal Pellets (2013)

The house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is one of most important allergen sources and a major elicitor of allergic asthma. We screened a D. pteronyssinus expression cDNA library with IgE Abs from HDM allergic patients. A cDNA coding for a new major allergen was isolated, which showed sequence homology to peritrophins, which contain chitin-binding domains and are part of the peritrophic matrix lining the gut of arthropods. The mature Der p 23 allergen was expressed in Escherichia coli as an 8-kDa protein without its hydrophobic leader sequence and purified to homogeneity. It reacted with IgE Abs from 74% of D. pteronyssinus allergic patients (n = 347) at levels comparable to the two major HDM allergens, Der p 1 and Der p 2. Thus, Der p 23 represents a new major D. pteronyssinus allergen. Furthermore, rDer p 23 exhibited high allergenic activity as demonstrated by upregulation of CD203c expression on basophils from D. pteronyssinus allergic patients. Immunogold electron microscopy localized the allergen in the peritrophic matrix lining the midgut of D. pteronyssinus as well as on the surface of the fecal pellets. Thus, we identified a new major D. pteronyssinus allergen as peritrophin-like protein. The high allergenic activity of Der p 23 and its frequent recognition as respiratory allergen may be explained by the fact that it becomes airborne and respirable through its association with mite feces. Der p 23 may be an essential component for diagnosis and specific immunotherapy of HDM allergy.
The adhesion receptor CD155 determines the magnitude of humoral immune responses against orally ingested antigens (2007)

CD155, originally known as the cellular receptor for poliovirus, is the founding member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin-like adhesion receptors. Apart from its function in establishing adherens junctions between contacting epithelial cells, the engagement of CD155 with two recently identified ligands, CD226 and CD96, mediates immunologically relevant processes such as NK cell-driven killing of tumor cells in humans. Here we report on the generation and immunological analysis of mice constitutively deficient of CD155. Moreover, the expression profile of CD155 on hematopoietic cells has been determined using newly established antibodies. CD155-deficient mice develop normally without displaying an overt phenotype. However, the animals are distinguished by distinct deficits in the development of a regular humoral immune response. Whereas systemic challenges revealed no differences, orally administered antigen evoked less efficient IgG and IgA antibody responses despite of normal IgM titers when compared to wild-type mice. Therefore, CD155 may assist in an efficient humoral immune response generated within the intestinal immune system.
Abstract 15584: Left Ventricular Post-Infarct Remodeling: Impact on Outcome in the Modern Era (2018)

Introduction: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been associated with heart failure and increased mortality. The long-term prognostic i...