gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research Priorities in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2010)

H ypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial dis- order characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy without dilatation and without apparent cause (ie, it occurs in the absence of severe hypertension, aortic stenosis, or other cardiac or systemic diseases that might cause LV hypertrophy). 2] It is caused by mutations in genes that encode components of the sarcomere. Cardiomyocyte and cardiac hypertrophy, myocyte disarray, interstitial and replacement fibrosis, and dysplastic intramyocardial arterioles characterize the pathology of HCM. Clinical manifestations include impaired diastolic function, heart failure, tachyarrhythmia (both atrial and ventricular), and sudden death. At present, there is a lack of understanding of how the mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins lead to the phenotypes described above. Current therapeutic approaches have focused on the prevention of sudden death, with implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement in high-risk patients. But medical therapies have largely focused on alleviating symptoms of the disease, not on altering its natural history. The present Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute brought together clinical, translational, and basic scientists with the overarching goal of identifying novel strategies to prevent the phenotypic expression of disease. Herein, we identify research initiatives that we hope will lead to novel therapeutic approaches for patients with HCM.
Chapter 6 Proterozoic Vindhyan Basin: configuration and evolution (2015)

Abstract This chapter attempts an understanding of the Proterozoic Vindhyan Basin history in the broad framework of central India. Although the entire Vindhyan Supergroup is within the scope of this work, particular attention is paid to the little-known northwestern fringe exposures. Distinctive facies assemblages and diverse palaeocurrents in these exposures of the Lower Vindhyan play a pivotal role in the interpretation. Analysis of outcrop and subsurface data that extend under the Gangetic alluvium to the north of the Vindhyan outcrops further supports the hypothesis that an east–west-elongated basement ridge initially separated the master Vindhyan Basin from smaller contemporary basins to the north. Deposition took place in isolated lacustrine and fluvial basins north of the divide and largely in a marine realm south. Dextral shear accompanying rifting generated ridges that criss-crossed the Lower Vindhyan seafloor to the south. The uniform character of the Upper Vindhyan throughout, nevertheless, testifies to later drowning of the divide and unification of all of the basins as a consequence of regional tilt northward. However, the extended Vindhyan Sea was restricted by a second east–west-elongated ridge from merger with the contemporary Proterozoic sea further north, disparate sediments of which have been encountered in a few drill cores only.
Subtask 3.9 - Direct Coal Liquefaction Process Development (2012)

The Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC), in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Accelergy Corporation, an advanced fuels developer with technologies exclusively licensed from ExxonMobil, undertook Subtask 3.9 to design, build, and preliminarily operate a bench-scale direct coal liquefaction (DCL) system capable of converting 45 pounds/hour of pulverized, dried coal to a liquid suitable for upgrading to fuels and/or chemicals. Fabrication and installation of the DCL system and an accompanying distillation system for off-line fractionation of raw coal liquids into 1) a naphtha middle distillate stream for upgrading and 2) a recycle stream was completed in May 2012. Shakedown of the system was initiated in July 2012. In addition to completing fabrication of the DCL system, the project also produced a 500-milliliter sample of jet fuel derived in part from direct liquefaction of Illinois No. 6 coal, and submitted the sample to the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio, for evaluation. The sample was confirmed by AFRL to be in compliance with all U.S. Air Force-prescribed alternative aviation fuel initial screening criteria.
1. Introduction: hydrogen storage as solution for a changing energy landscape (2018)

The expansion of sustainable technologies and infrastructures for the production and delivery of energy to the final consumer and the development of new technologies for energy production, storage and distribution, are challenging and inevitable tasks. Power plants based on the combustion of fossil fuel resources or nuclear power plants are not suitable to provide energy in the future due to significant disadvantages and dangers associated with these outdated technologies. The development of new sustainable technologies for the production of energy is desirable. Besides focusing on the production step, the change in global energy landscape requires also new and improved energy storage systems. Requirements for these storage solutions will strongly depend on the application. Storing energy by producing and consuming hydrogen is in this context a very attractive approach. It may be suitable for storage of energy for transportation and also for the bulk energy storage. Due to physical restrictions of high pressure hydrogen storage, alternative techniques are developed. This is, in turn, an ongoing task with multidisciplinary aspects, which combines chemistry, physics, material science and engineering. Herein, we review the production and consumption of energy, different energy storage applications, and we introduce the concept of hydrogen storage based on hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions of small molecules.
The association of CD81 with tetraspanin-enriched microdomains is not essential for Hepatitis C virus entry (2009)

In contrast to Plasmodium infection, our data show that association of CD81 with TEM is not essential for the early steps of HCV life cycle, indicating that these two pathogens, while using the same molecules, invade their host by different mechanisms.
Study of Natural Health Product Adverse Reactions (SONAR): Active Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Concurrent Natural Health Product and Prescription Drug Use in Community Pharmacies (2012)

Active surveillance markedly improves identification and reporting of adverse events associated with concurrent NHP-drug use. Although not without challenges, active surveillance is feasible and can generate adverse event data of sufficient quality to allow for meaningful adjudication to assess potential harms.
Analysis and power scaling of a single-sided linear induction machine for energy harvesting (2015)

Although Single-Sided Linear Induction Machines (SLIMs) have been analyzed and tested intensively as prime movers for different applications in literature, their application for energy harvesting has not been studied rigorously. This paper investigates the use of SLIMs for watt-range energy harvesting from a moving steel body with smooth surface (solid steel secondary) in order to supply control electronics and actuators in industrial environments. Based on a brief study of the electromagnetic relations in the air gap and the solid steel secondary, a power scaling law as function of the geometric parameters and stator current is derived. The scaling law is verified with two-dimensional Finite Element Method (2-D FEM) simulations and measurements on a test setup. The proposed scaling law is an effective tool for estimating the performance of a SLIM for contactless energy harvesting in emerging industry and consumer applications.
Analysis of the Usability of Iron Ore Ultra-Fines for Hydrogen-Based Fluidized Bed Direct Reduction—A Review (2022)

This review focuses on the usability of iron ore ultra-fines for hydrogen-based direct reduction. Such technology is driven by the need to lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and energy consumption for the iron and steel industry. In addition, low operational and capital expenditures and a high oxide yield because of the direct use of ultra-fines can be highlighted. The classification of powders for a fluidized bed are reviewed. Fluid dynamics, such as minimum fluidization velocity, entrainment velocity and fluidized state diagrams are summarized and discussed regarding the processing of iron ore ultra-fines in a fluidized bed. The influence of the reduction process, especially the agglomeration phenomenon sticking, is evaluated. Thus, the sticking determining factors and the solutions to avoid sticking are reviewed and discussed. The essential theoretical considerations and process-relevant issues are provided for the usability of iron ore ultra-fines for hydrogen-based fluidized bed direct reduction.
Fundamental Studies on Two-Phase Gas-Liquid Flows Through Packed Beds in Microgravity (2002)

In the typical operation of a packed-bed reactor, gas and liquid flow simultaneously through a fixed bed of solid particles. Depending on the application, the particles can be of various shapes and sizes and provide for intimate contact and high rates of transport between the phases needed to sustain chemical or biological reactions. The packing may also serve as either a catalyst or as a support for growing biological material. NASA has flown two of these packed-bed systems in a microgravity environment with limited or no success. The goal of this research is to develop models (with scale-up capability) needed for the design of the physicochemical equipment to carry out these unit operations in microgravity. New insight will also lead to improvements in normal gravity operations. Our initial experiment was flown using an existing KC-135 two-phase flow rig with a modified test section. The test section is a clear polycarbonate rectangular column with a depth of 2.54 cm, a width of 5.08 cm, and 60 cm long. The column was randomly packed with spherical glass beads by slowly dropping the beads into the bed. Even though care was taken in handling the column after it was filled with packing, the alternating high and low gravity cycles with each parabola created a slightly tighter packed bed than is typically reported for this type. By the usual method of comparing the weight difference of a completely dry column versus a column filled with water, the void fraction was found to be .345 for both sizes of beads used. Five flush mounted differential pressure transducers are spaced at even intervals with the first location 4 cm from the inlet port and the subsequent pressure transducers spaced at 13 cm intervals along the column. Differential pressure data was acquired at 1000 Hz to adequately observe pulse formation and characteristics. Visual images of the flow were recorded using a high-speed SVHS system at 500 frames per second. Over 250 different test conditions were evaluated along with a companion set of tests in normal gravity. The flow rates, fluid properties and packing properties were selected to provide a range of several orders-of-magnitude for the important dimensionless parameters. Additional information is included in the original extended abstract.
An Origami-Inspired Self-Deployable Array (2013)

The objective of this paper is to show the development of a compact, self-deploying array based on the tapered map fold. The tapered map fold was modified by applying an elastic membrane to one side of the array and adequately spacing the panels adjacent to valley folds. Through this approach, the array can be folded into a fully dense volume when stowed. The panels are dimensioned to account for the panel thickness when folded, which otherwise would prevent the model from reaching a fully dense form. The folding motion is achieved by creating a rigid-foldable model of the origami-inspired crease pattern. The paper discusses a variety of approaches for creating rigid origami from the map fold, including pleat hinges and spacer panels. The tapered map fold is rigid-foldable through the incorporation of tapered spacer panels. By choosing appropriate values for the angles and tapered spacer panel dimensions, the tapered map fold is fully dense when stowed. The tapered spacer panels also enable the model to have a single degree of freedom of actuation. Stored strain energy in the elastic membrane enables self-actuation of the model. Applying a membrane also simplifies fabrication of the array. Potential applications for the array include a collapsible solar array, or other military or backpacking applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed C‐3 Epimerization of Reserpine and Other Indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidines (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling Hand-Eye Movements in a Virtual Ball Catching Setup using Deep Recurrent Neural Network (2017)

Previous studies show that humans efficiently formulate predictive strategies to make accurate eye/hand movements when intercepting with a target moving in their field of view, such as a ball in flight. Nevertheless, it is not clear how these strategies compensate for noisy sensory input and how long these strategies are valid in time, as when a ball is occluded mid-flight prior to an attempted catch. To investigate, we used a Virtual Reality ball catching paradigm to record the 3D gaze of ten subjects as well as their head and hand movements. Subjects were instructed to intercept a virtual ball in flight while wearing a head mounted display which was being tracked using motion capture system. Midway through its parabolic trajectory, the ball was made invisible for a blank duration of 500 ms. We created 9 different ball trajectories by choosing three pre-blank (300, 400, 500 ms) and three post-blank durations (600, 800, 1000 ms). The ball launch position and angle were randomized. During the blank, average angular displacement of the ball was 11 degrees of visual angle. In this period subjects were able to track the ball successfully using head+eye pursuit. In success trials, subjects have higher smooth pursuit gain values during the blank, combined with a sequence of saccades in the direction of ball trajectory toward the end of the trial. Approximately 200 ms before the catching frame, angular gaze-ball tracking error in elevation, forecasts subject's success or failure. We used this dataset to train a deep Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) that models human hand-eye movements. By using previous input sequences, the RNN model predicts the angular gaze vector and hand position for a short duration into the future. Consistent with studies of human behavior, the proposed model accuracy decreases when we extend the prediction window beyond 120 ms. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
Qualifizierung und Entwicklung der Mitarbeiter (2011)

Kurzfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung des Arbeitspotenzials in Lehr- und Forschungsinstituten. Dieses geschieht auf Basis der Mitarbeiter und des gesamten Lehr- und Forschungsinstituts unter dem Einsatz von Managementsystemen. Das Ergebnis ist eine Sammlung an Managementtools, welche auf die Besonderheiten von Lehr- und Forschungsinstituten anzupassen sind.
Abstract 548: Synergistic Protective Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and {alpha}-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Fused to Transferrin on Myocardial Reperfusion Injury (2007)

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH) have been reported to have antiapoptotic properties which may make these drugs useful adjuncts to reperfusion therapy for myocardial infarction. However, the very short half-life (minutes) of both drugs limits their therapeutic applicability. Fusion of each drug to transferrin (GLP-1-Tf and MSH-Tf) extends its functional half-life to days. Method : New Zealand rabbits (n= 52) underwent left thoracotomy, thirty minutes of myocardial ischemia and three hours of reperfusion. Area at risk (RA) and infarct size as a percentage of the RA (IA/RA) were determined using a double staining technique. Left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) were assessed by echocardiography. There were four experimental groups: Control (n=24) saline injection, GLP-1-Tf Group (n=10) single dose GLP-1-Tf (10mg/kg), MSH-Tf Group (n=10) single dose MSH-Tf (10mg/kg), Mixed-Tf Group (n=8) GLP-1-MSH-Tf (10mg/kg). Each treatment group was given the drug intravenously at the onset of reperfusion. Results : RA in all four groups was similar. All three treatment groups experienced similar reductions in IA/RA compared to control animals; however, echocardiography demonstrated significantly reduced LVEDV and LVESV in Mixed-Tf group at three hours of reperfusion, whereas single drug did not. Conclusion : Both GLP-1-Tf and MSH-Tf limit myocardial reperfusion injury. The combination of both drugs does not further reduce infarct size but does improve early post infarct remodeling.
A unifying mechanism for all high-temperature Heck reactions. The role of palladium colloids and anionic species (2005)

The Heck reaction has been the subject of intense investigation in the past decade. Many new types of catalysts have been developed in addition to the existing palladium/phosphine complexes. Prominent among these are palladacycles, pincers, several types of heterogeneous palladium catalysts, colloids and ligand-free palladium, usually in the form of Pd(OAc)2. Most of the newer types function only at higher temperatures, typically between 120 and 160 degrees C. It has been shown that irrespective of the catalyst precursor, none of these catalysts are stable at these high temperatures. They all have a tendency to form soluble palladium(0) colloids or nanoparticles, certainly with less reactive substrates such as aryl bromides or chlorides. The Heck reaction takes place by attack of the arylating agent on the palladium atoms in the outer rim of the nanoparticles. This leads to formation of monomeric or dimeric anionic palladium complexes that undergo the usual steps of the Heck mechanism as described by Amatore and Jutand.
Effects of Hura crepitans and Its Active Ingredient, Daphne Factor F3, on Dihydrotestosterone-Induced Neurotrophin-4 Activation and Hair Retardation (2012)

Neurotrophin (NT)-4 is known to be an inducer of catagen in the hair cycle, but little is known of its role in the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). We previously studied the gene expression of dermal papilla cells from AGA patients and controls and found that NT-4 was up-regulated in the AGA patients. In the present study, the etiological relationship between NT-4 and androgen, which is one of the causes of AGA, and the effect of an NT-4 inhibitor on hair growth were investigated. We established a NT-4 luciferase reporter assay system using a roughly 2-kb region upstream of the NT-4 transcriptional start site and investigated an accelerating effect of androgen on NT-4 transcription. We also screened for a NT-4 inhibitor by using the NT-4 reporter assay and evaluated the effects of NT-4 inhibitors on hair growth by using dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-implanted mice. The results show that transcriptional activity of NT-4 was accelerated by androgen, and extract of Hura crepitans L. inhibited the DHT-induced NT-4 transcriptional activation and ameliorated the retardation of hair regrowth by DHT-implanted mice. We also isolated the active ingredient in H. crepitans and found its structure to be that of 6,7-epoxy-5-hydroxyresiniferonol-14-(2,4-tetradecadienoate), i.e., daphne factor F3. These findings demonstrated that NT-4 activity accelerated by androgen might contribute to the pathogenesis of AGA and indicated that NT-4 inhibitors such as H. crepitans and daphne factor F3 might have a salutary effect on AGA.
Introduction to the Issue on Laser Beam Combining and Fiber Laser Systems (2009)

The 27 papers in this special issue focus on laser beam combining and fiber laser systems.
p73 : la famille p53 vient de naître (1998)

Les oncogenes et les genes suppresseurs de tumeur sont le plus souvent regroupes au sein de familles distinctes. C’est le cas de la famille myc qui comprend les oncogenes c-myc, N-myc et L-myc, ou de la famille ras qui comprend H-ras, K-ras et N-ras. Ce n’etait pas le cas de p53. L’anti-oncogene p53 est l’objet de nombreuses etudes en raison de son implication dans pres de 50 % des cancers chez l’homme. Les tentatives de caracterisation de genes ayant une homologie de structure et de fonction avec p53 ont ete longtemps infructueuses jusqu’a la decouverte recente, totalement fortuite, d’un nouveau gene nomme p73 [1].
A primary malarial infection is composed of a very wide range of genetically diverse but related parasites. (1998)

To address the question of how many distinct parasites are injected when a mosquito bites, we have characterized isolates resulting most probably from a single sporozoite inoculum. We describe the direct and immediate cloning on hepatocyte feeder layers of a Thai and an African Plasmodium falciparum primary isolate and the characterization of 67 independent clones by four techniques totaling nine different markers. This led to three main conclusions: (a) both the phenotypic and genotypic markers revealed an unexpectedly large degree of diversity within the clones from a single isolate; (b) the clones are nonetheless genetically related; and (c) a single mosquito inoculum would most likely be sufficient to generate considerable isolate complexity in the absence of repeated exposure. This diversity, which has been greatly underestimated in previous studies, does not bode well for the development of successful malaria control means.
Process Integration towards PERL Structure (2010)

Alternative technologies for the manufacturing of silicon solar cells with a PERL structure are under investigation, in the frame work of IMEC’s PV roadmap. The use of a Ti/Cu-based front metallization provides a higher degree of freedom in the design of the emitter. In our cells, this is exploited by the integration of highly resistive emitters formed by POCl3 diffusion or implantation. Solar cells efficiencies up to 18.7% are reached with such emitters and a passivated rear, locally contacted by Al-BSF. Further work on metallization has lead to efficiency up to 19.4% by reducing shadowing down to 4%. In parallel, implantation and epitaxial growth of boron doped silicon are investigated for the formation of a local BSF. In a first instance, the tests have been performed with full B-BSF. A comparison with a full Al-BSF and local Al-BSF is presented here.
Measurement of CKM matrix elements in single top quark t-channel production in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV (2020)

The first direct, model-independent measurement is presented of the modulus of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements |V tb |, |V td |, and |V ts |, in final states enriched in single top quark t-channel events. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data from the LHC, collected during 2016 by the CMS experiment, at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . Processes directly sensitive to these matrix elements are considered at both the production and decay vertices of the top quark. In the standard model hypothesis of CKM unitarity, a lower limit of |V tb | > 0.970 is measured at the 95% confidence level. Several theories beyond the standard model are considered, and by releasing all constraints among the involved parameters, the values |V tb | = 0.988 0.024, and |V td | 2 + |V ts | 2 = 0.06 0.06, where the uncertainties include both statistical and systematic components, are measured.