gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OpenForce MR: A low‐cost open‐source MR‐compatible force sensor (2018)

Abstract Measuring the force exerted by muscles during dynamic MR acquisition (either imaging or spectroscopy) provides important information for the standardization of the exercise performed in the scanner and is therefore important for reproducible results in musculoskeletal imaging. However, existing commercial solutions for such measurements are often very expensive and impractical. In this work, a novel, open‐source, versatile force sensor made of non‐magnetic, off‐the‐shelf components is presented. The sensor is based on four aluminum Wheatstone bridge load cells enclosed in a custom‐built aluminum frame. These cells are connected to an Arduino microcontroller for data acquisition and serial communication with a host computer, on which a dedicated program visualizes and logs the recorded force in real time. All components were chosen to be compatible with the MR environment, commercially available, and low cost. The sensor was calibrated with a commercial dynamometer and subsequently tested in multiple MR acquisition scenarios (static morphological imaging, cine imaging during contraction, velocity‐encoded imaging). The sensor correctly recorded data during all tested sequences, without cross‐interference between the MR and the force acquisitions. Minor susceptibility artifacts are visible in the immediate vicinity of the sensor, but they did not impair the evaluation of the muscle of interest. In conclusion, the development of a low‐cost, MR‐compatible force sensor is feasible, and its usage does not interfere with MR acquisition. The full specifications of the sensor, including hardware design, firmware and host software are publicly released as open‐source for the potential benefit of the whole community.
Identification of an essential endogenous regulator of blood–brain barrier integrity, and its pathological and therapeutic implications (2012)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a critical guardian of communication between the periphery and the brain, is frequently compromised in neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting in the inappropriate passage of molecules and leukocytes into the brain. Here we show that the glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory messenger annexin A1 (ANXA1) is expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells, where it regulates BBB integrity. In particular, ANXA1(-/-) mice exhibit significantly increased BBB permeability as a result of disrupted interendothelial cell tight junctions, essentially related to changes in the actin cytoskeleton, which stabilizes tight and adherens junctions. This situation is reminiscent of early MS pathology, a relationship confirmed by our detection of a selective loss of ANXA1 in the plasma and cerebrovascular endothelium of patients with MS. Importantly, this loss is swiftly restored by i.v. administration of human recombinant ANXA1. Analysis in vitro confirms that treatment of cerebrovascular endothelial cells with recombinant ANXA1 restores cell polarity, cytoskeleton integrity, and paracellular permeability through inhibition of the small G protein RhoA. We thus propose ANXA1 as a critical physiological regulator of BBB integrity and suggest it may have utility in the treatment of MS, correcting BBB function and hence ameliorating disease.
A submodular optimization approach to controlled islanding under cascading failure (2017)

Cascading failures occur when the power system is subject to a significant disturbance, such as tripping one or more transmission lines. Such failures can severely impact power system stability, potentially leading to widespread outages. One proposed approach for mitigating cascading failures is to partition the system into internally stable islands (a process known as controlled islanding). Selecting a subset of transmission lines to trip to form desired islands is inherently a combinatorial optimization problem. Current approaches for selecting such subsets, however, rely on computationally expensive heuristics that do not provide optimality guarantees. In this paper, we propose a submodular optimization approach for controlled islanding. Our approach has two stages. In the first stage, generators are assigned to each island based on existing methods such as slow coherency theory in order to ensure that each island is dynamically stable. In the second stage, we determine which edges to cut in order to minimize the generator-load imbalance within each island to ensure that a stable steady-state operating point exists. We relax the problem of minimizing imbalance to a supermodular minimization problem with a matroid constraint, implying that a greedy algorithm gives a provable optimality bound of 1/2. Our results are demonstrated using the IEEE 39-bus New England Test System.
Dependence of Outgassing Characters at a 157 nm Exposure on Resist Structures (2003)

Outgassed species from 157 nm irradiated resists were directly investigated using a quadrupole mass spectrometer in a wide mass range of 1–300 amu. As for the dependence of outgassing characteristics on the structures of the base polymer, the information obtained is as follows: (1) Regarding base polymers and corresponding resists employed, the total amount of outgassed species decreases in the following order, base polymers with ester groups in their side chains, base polymers having side chains other than ester groups, and base polymers without side chains. (2) The incorporation of alicyclic structures into the polymer backbone suppresses the alicyclic outgassed species. (3) Some kinds of fluoropolymers produce HF during the 157 nm exposure. (4) A base polymer having fluorine in its side chain produces fluorinated outgassed species that are photodecomposed products of the side chains. The structure of the resist base polymer, particularly its side chain, has a great influence on the outgassing characters and the total amount of outgassed species at a 157 nm exposure.
A Limit-Curve Based Soft Finger god-object Algorithm (2006)

This paper presents a new soft-finger haptic rendering algorithm based on the concept of limit curve which was previously used by the robotic manipulation community to study sliding contacts. The algorithm is more general than the one presented by the same authors in a previous paper since it considers the effects of linear and rotational friction as coupled. However, the solution presented in this paper maintains some of the aspects of simplicity and compu tational efficiency that characterized the previously proposed solution. To conclude the paper we present a set of simulated interactions between a user and a simple virtual object through a haptic device which allows two point-contact interaction.
Isolation and Identification of the Insecticide Endosulfan from Biological Materials by Thin Layer Chromatographic Technique (1993)

State Forensic Science Laboratory Bhubaneswar-751 010 Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751 004 <em>Manuscript received 19 August 1991, revised 26 August 1992, accepted 12 November 1992</em> Isolation and Identification of the Insecticide Endosulfan from Biological Materials by Thin Layer Chromatographic Technique
Supplementary Figure 7 from STC1 Expression By Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Drives Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 6319K, Relationship between size of primary tumor and intravasation. Analyses of lymphatic vessel, cancer stem cell and macrophage density in primary tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluating Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) in Pervasive Computing (2006)

Increasing popularity of the pervasive computing paradigm on one hand and the technological developments on the other, have paved the way for development and deployment of pervasive services in the everyday habitat. The service providers, who build, operate and manage services would want to maximize their revenues, and at the same time, the users would seek guarantees to support their applications. While there are a number of mechanisms proposed to build and operate service oriented architectures (SOAs) in pervasive computing arena, very little work has been done in terms of evaluating such schemes. The work presented in this paper proposes mechanisms to evaluate SOAs in pervasive computing. We also present a mechanism to evaluate service composition techniques, which are an effective way of delivering services to the end user. In earlier work, we proposed a service composition mechanism in pervasive computing environments called seamless service composition (SeSCo). We evaluate and compare SeSCo with a discover+match mechanism for the deployment of pervasive services within an automobile. We also present performance results of the two approaches through simulation.
Ultra-thin SOI for 20nm node and beyond (2011)

Recent UTBB device data at sub-25 nm gate length demonstrate good performance, small V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> variation and excellent low power operation. In addition, very uniform Soitec Xtreme SOI™ product substrates are now available and compliant with device requirements. Thus the level of maturity of UTBB devices and substrates makes it possible for introduction at 20 nm node. Multiple options at the substrate level to further boost the performance open up the path to improve performance for future nodes.
An Unbiased Genome-Wide Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gene Expression Approach To Discover Antigens Targeted by Human T Cells Expressed during Pulmonary Infection (2013)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for almost 2 million deaths annually. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, the only vaccine available against tuberculosis (TB), induces highly variable protection against TB, and better TB vaccines are urgently needed. A prerequisite for candidate vaccine Ags is that they are immunogenic and expressed by M. tuberculosis during infection of the primary target organ, that is, the lungs of susceptible individuals. In search of new TB vaccine candidate Ags, we have used a genome-wide, unbiased Ag discovery approach to investigate the in vivo expression of 2170 M. tuberculosis genes during M. tuberculosis infection in the lungs of mice. Four genetically related but distinct mouse strains were studied, representing a spectrum of TB susceptibility controlled by the supersusceptibility to TB 1 locus. We used stringent selection approaches to select in vivo-expressed M. tuberculosis (IVE-TB) genes and analyzed their expression patterns in distinct disease phenotypes such as necrosis and granuloma formation. To study the vaccine potential of these proteins, we analyzed their immunogenicity. Several M. tuberculosis proteins were recognized by immune cells from tuberculin skin test-positive, ESAT6/CFP10-responsive individuals, indicating that these Ags are presented during natural M. tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, TB patients also showed responses toward IVE-TB Ags, albeit lower than tuberculin skin test-positive, ESAT6/CFP10-responsive individuals. Finally, IVE-TB Ags induced strong IFN-γ(+)/TNF-α(+) CD8(+) and TNF-α(+)/IL-2(+) CD154(+)/CD4(+) T cell responses in PBMC from long-term latently M. tuberculosis-infected individuals. In conclusion, these IVE-TB Ags are expressed during pulmonary infection in vivo, are immunogenic, induce strong T cell responses in long-term latently M. tuberculosis-infected individuals, and may therefore represent attractive Ags for new TB vaccines.
Efficient large-scale hybrid fluid simulation (2012)

State-of-the-art methods for fluid simulation, including velocity-based grid methods and smoothed particle hydrodynamics [Bridson and Müller-Fischer 2007], require a detail vs. domain size tradeoff. As a result, scenes with large spatial scales are restricted to coarse detail under the restriction of limited computational resources. The elliptic problems solved for incompressibility projection in these simulations are bandwidth-bound, since domains of interest are not cache resident on current generation hardware. As a result, limited optimization is possible, and interactive performance is not possible for medium-large scenes.
Results from the first engineering run of BOLOCAM and plans for the future (2002)

We present results from the engineering run of the BOLOCAM receiver at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in May, 2000 and simulations of the sensitivity of the completed BOLOCAM receiver to astrophysical sources. BOLOCAM is a 144 element array of bolometers designed to operate in the millimeter wave atmospheric windows at 150, 220, and 280 GHz. These bands are well suited to studies of the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect in distant clusters of galaxies as well as measurements of the emission of interstellar dust.
Experimental and Theoretical Validation of High Efficiency and Robust Electrocatalytic Response of One-Dimensional (1D) (Mn,Ir)O2:10F Nanorods for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction in PEM-Based Water Electrolysis (2019)

Development of highly efficient, earth-abundant, and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the kinetically sluggish and energy-intensive anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for realizing the large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane based water electrolysis (PEMWE). Herein, we report the results of one-dimensional (1D) nanorods (NRs) containing an ultralow amount of noble metal (iridium, Ir) and 10 wt % fluorine (F) doped (Mn0.8Ir0.2)O2:10F as an efficient anode electrocatalyst, synthesized via a simple hydrothermal and wet chemical approach for the acidic OER. The as-synthesized (Mn0.8Ir0.2)O2:10F NRs demonstrate promising electrocatalytic performance for the OER with significantly lower overpotential (η) and higher current density than state of the art IrO2 and many other electrocatalysts containing noble metal/reduced noble metal. Owing to the presence of 1D channels of the nanorod architecture and the unique electronic structure obtained upon formation of an F-containing solid solution, the (Mn0.8Ir0.2)O2:10F NRs exhibit low charge transfer resistance (∼2.5 Ω cm2), low Tafel slope (∼38 mV dec–1), low water contact angle (∼18°), high electrochemical active surface area (ECSA ≈ 704.76 m2 g–1), high roughness factor (∼2114), and notable OER performance with ∼6-, ∼2.1-, and ∼2.2-fold higher electrocatalytic activity in comparison to IrO2, (Mn0.8Ir0.2)O2 NRs and a 2D thin film of (Mn0.8Ir0.2)O2:10F, respectively. The significantly higher ECSA and BET specific activity (0.11 mA cm−2BET), mass activity (40 Ag–1), and TOF (0.01 s–1) at an overpotential (η) of 220 mV suggest the intrinsically higher catalytic activity of (Mn0.8Ir0.2)O2:10F NRs in comparison to other as-synthesized electrocatalysts. In addition, (Mn0.8Ir0.2)O2:10F NRs function as robust electrocatalysts by delivering a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at η ≈ 200 mV and displaying long-term durability, devoid of any degradation of the catalytic activity, suggesting the structural robustness for displaying prolonged OER activity. Herein, on the basis of the synergistic effects of tailoring of 2D material length scales into a 1D nanorod framework and the corresponding formation of an F-substituted unique solid solution structure (as validated by density functional theory), (Mn0.8Ir0.2)O2:10F NRs offer promise for an efficient OER in PEMWE.
Multi-Branch Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding for Rate Splitting Based Systems with Multiple Antennas (2021)

Rate splitting (RS) has emerged as a valuable technology for wireless communications systems due to its capability to deal with uncertainties in the channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). RS with linear and non-linear precoders, such as the Tomlinson- Harashima (THP) precoder, have been explored in the downlink (DL) of multiuser multi antenna systems. In this work, we propose a multi-branch (MB) scheme for a RS-based multiple-antenna system, which creates patterns to order the transmitted symbols and enhances the overall sum rate performance compared to existing approaches. Analytical expressions to describe the signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio (SINR) and compute the sum rate are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed MB-THP for RS outperforms conventional THP and MB-THP schemes.
[Accidental intoxication with eucalyptus oil--a case report]. (2011)

Eucalyptus oil (EO) intoxications are rare. We present a case of 58 yrs old chemist, who due to intense delusions consumed 4-5 drops of concentrated EO in order to self-medication of ascariasis. Despite the low dose of ingested xenobiotic the course of poisoning was severe. The intoxication was complicated with acute lung and heart injury, tachycardia and hypertension. Most of the clinical symptoms and biochemical abnormalities disappeared after the treatment.
Multilayer document compression algorithm (2003)

In this paper, we propose a multilayer document compression algorithm. This algorithm first segments a scanned document image into different classes such as text, images and background, then compresses each class using an algorithm specifically designed for that class. Two algorithms are investigated for segmenting documents: a general purpose image segmentation algorithm called the trainable sequential MAP (TSMAP) algorithm, and a rate-distortion optimized segmentation (RDOS) algorithm. Experimental results show that the multilayer compression algorithm can achieve a much lower bit rate than most conventional algorithms such as JPEG at similar subjective distortion levels. We also find that the RDOS method produces more robust segmentations than TSMBP by eliminating misclassifications which can sometimes cause severe artifacts.
Pyromellitic Diimide–Ethynylene-Based Homopolymer Film as an N-Channel Organic Field-Effect Transistor Semiconductor (2013)

We report the synthesis and characterization of two solution-processable pyromellitic diimide (PyDI)-acetylene-based conjugated homopolymers. Adjacent PyDI cores were connected with triple bond linkages by reacting 3,6-dibromo-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-dialkyl pyromellitic diimides with bis(tributylstannyl)acetylene under Stille coupling conditions. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that these polymers have sufficient electron affinity to accept electrons. Absorption spectra revealed that one polymer, with a simple octyl chain, has greater intermolecular interaction or conjugation after forming a thin film, and that film exhibited electron transport in top-gate bottom-contact mode organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that the octyl polymer is amorphous on the bulk scale. The polymer exhibited electron mobility of about 2 × 10<sup>-4</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> with on/off ratio of 10<sup>3</sup> and is the simplest n-channel polymer yet reported. A 4-trifluoromethylphenethyl side chain did not result in measurable electron mobility. The octyl polymer exhibited negative Seebeck coefficient on the order of -40 μV/K in thermoelectric devices, further substantiating its n-channel activity. The demonstration of electron transport from such a simple polymer has opened a new path for obtaining n-channel semiconducting activity from polymer films.
Data from HDAC Inhibition Upregulates PD-1 Ligands in Melanoma and Augments Immunotherapy with PD-1 Blockade (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Expression of PD-1 ligands by tumors and interaction with PD-1–expressing T cells in the tumor microenvironment can result in tolerance. Therapies targeting this coinhibitory axis have proven clinically successful in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, and other malignancies. Therapeutic agents targeting the epigenetic regulatory family of histone deacetylases (HDAC) have shown clinical success in the treatment of some hematologic malignancies. Beyond direct tumor cell cytotoxicity, HDAC inhibitors have also been shown to alter the immunogenicity and enhance antitumor immune responses. Here, we show that class I HDAC inhibitors upregulated the expression of PD-L1 and, to a lesser degree, PD-L2 in melanomas. Evaluation of human and murine cell lines and patient tumors treated with a variety of HDAC inhibitors &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; displayed upregulation of these ligands. This upregulation was robust and durable, with enhanced expression lasting past 96 hours. These results were validated &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in a B16F10 syngeneic murine model. Mechanistically, HDAC inhibitor treatment resulted in rapid upregulation of histone acetylation of the PD-L1 gene leading to enhanced and durable gene expression. The efficacy of combining HDAC inhibition with PD-1 blockade for treatment of melanoma was also explored in a murine B16F10 model. Mice receiving combination therapy had a slower tumor progression and increased survival compared with control and single-agent treatments. These results highlight the ability of epigenetic modifiers to augment immunotherapies, providing a rationale for combining HDAC inhibitors with PD-1 blockade. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 3(12); 1375–85. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of the Cyclopropylindolobenzazepine BMS-791325, A Potent Allosteric Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Polymerase (2014)

Described herein are structure-activity relationship studies that resulted in the optimization of the activity of members of a class of cyclopropyl-fused indolobenzazepine HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors. Subsequent iterations of analogue design and syntheses successfully addressed off-target activities, most notably human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) transactivation, and led to significant improvements in the physicochemical properties of lead compounds. Those analogues exhibiting improved solubility and membrane permeability were shown to have notably enhanced pharmacokinetic profiles. Additionally, a series of alkyl bridged piperazine carboxamides was identified as being of particular interest, and from which the compound BMS-791325 (2) was found to have distinguishing antiviral, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties that resulted in its selection for clinical evaluation.
Functionalization of Nanocrystalline Porous Silicon Surfaces with Aryllithium Reagents:  Formation of Silicon−Carbon Bonds by Cleavage of Silicon−Silicon Bonds (1998)

Reaction of nanocrystalline (“porous”) silicon with phenyllithium and lithium phenylacetylide results in functionalization of the silicon surface with phenyl and phenylacetylene moieties, respectively. The reaction proceeds by addition of the aryllithium reagent across a surface Si−Si bond, resulting in a Si−aryl bond and Si−Li species. The highly reactive Si−Li surface species is readily hydrolyzed by water, resulting in significant surface oxidation. The surface-bound Li can also be replaced with H or acyl species by addition of trifluoroacetic acid, acetyl chloride, heptanoyl chloride, or 4-butylbenzoyl chloride. These latter treatments significantly reduce the rate of air oxidation of the porous silicon surface. The nanocrystalline silicon samples used display visible photoluminescence arising from quantum confinement effects. Functionalization with phenyllithium preserves some of the photoluminescence, while the lithium phenylacetylide reaction results in almost complete loss of photoluminescence from the silicon nanocrystallites.