gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extremely fine precipitates and flux pinning in melt-processed YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} (1993)

Using a solid-liquid-melt-growth processing method, melt-textured 123 (YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x}) samples were produced with 211 (Y{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5}) particles on the order of 100 {angstrom}. Flux pinning was found to significantly increase up to 80 K with a large amount of these very fine 211 inclusions.
From large to low height dispersion for self-organized InAs quantum sticks emitting at 1.55 μm on InP (001) (2004)

We show how the height dispersion of self-organized InAs/InP(001) quantum islands emitting at 1.55 μm was reduced by optimizing the epitaxial growth parameters. Low height dispersion was obtained when the InAs deposit thickness was much greater than the critical thickness for two-dimensional/three-dimensional growth mode transition, and when adatom surface diffusion was favored by increasing the growth temperature or reducing the arsenic pressure during the InAs growth. When these growth conditions are not respected, the multicomponent photoluminescence spectrum obtained is explained through the common interpretation of island height varying with monolayer fluctuation. In optimized growth conditions, the multicomponent spectrum obtained is interpreted as emission from fundamental and excited levels of InAs islands with low height dispersion. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging shows that these InAs islands are stick-like, 50–100 nm in length and 22±1.2 nm in width. Cross-sectional TEM reveals flat islands, shaped like truncated pyramids, with a very homogeneous height measured at 2.4 nm. A fundamental level linewidth of 22 meV at 8 K is associated to this very narrow height distribution. Such low photoluminescence linewidth values are believed to be mainly due to the propensity of the InAs/InP(001) system to produce flat InAs islands with discrete height fluctuation.
Small‐molecule G‐quadruplex interactions: Systematic exploration of conformational space using multiple molecular dynamics (2013)

G-quadruplexes are higher-order four-stranded structures formed from repetitive guanine-containing tracts in nucleic acids. They comprise a core of stacked guanine-quartets linked by loops of length and sequence that vary with the context in which the quadruplex sequence occurs. Such sequences can be found in a number of genomic environments; at the telomeric ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, in promoter regions, in untranslated sequences and in open reading frames. Quadruplex formation can inhibit telomere maintenance, transcription and translation, especially when enhanced by quadruplex-binding small molecules, and quadruplex targeting is currently of considerable interest. The available experimental structural data shows that quadruplexes can have high conformational flexibility, especially in loop regions, which has hampered attempts to use high-throughput docking to find quadruplex-binding small-molecules with new scaffolds or to optimize existing ones with structure-based design methods. An approach to overcome the challenge of quadruplex conformational flexibility is presented here, which uses a combined multiple molecular dynamics and sampling approach. Two test small molecules have been used, RHPS4 and pyridostatin, which themselves have contrasting degrees of conformational flexibility.
A Safe Hierarchical Planning Framework for Complex Driving Scenarios based on Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Autonomous vehicles need to handle various traffic conditions and make safe and efficient decisions and maneuvers. However, on the one hand, a single optimization/sampling-based motion planner cannot efficiently generate safe trajectories in real time, particularly when there are many interactive vehicles near by. On the other hand, end-to-end learning methods cannot assure the safety of the outcomes. To address this challenge, we propose a hierarchical behavior planning framework with a set of low-level safe controllers and a high-level reinforcement learning algorithm (H-CtRL) as a coordinator for the low-level controllers. Safety is guaranteed by the low-level optimization/sampling-based controllers, while the high-level reinforcement learning algorithm makes H-CtRL an adaptive and efficient behavior planner. To train and test our proposed algorithm, we built a simulator that can reproduce traffic scenes using real-world datasets. The proposed H-CtRL is proved to be effective in various realistic simulation scenarios, with satisfying performance in terms of both safety and efficiency.
Elevated Non-Esterified Fatty Acid Concentrations during Bovine Oocyte Maturation Compromise Early Embryo Physiology (2011)

Elevated concentrations of serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), associated with maternal disorders such as obesity and type II diabetes, alter the ovarian follicular micro-environment and have been associated with subfertility arising from reduced oocyte developmental competence. We have asked whether elevated NEFA concentrations during oocyte maturation affect the development and physiology of zygotes formed from such oocytes, using the cow as a model. The zygotes were grown to blastocysts, which were evaluated for their quality in terms of cell number, apoptosis, expression of key genes, amino acid turnover and oxidative metabolism. Oocyte maturation under elevated NEFA concentrations resulted in blastocysts with significantly lower cell number, increased apoptotic cell ratio and altered mRNA abundance of DNMT3A, IGF2R and SLC2A1. In addition, the blastocysts displayed reduced oxygen, pyruvate and glucose consumption, up-regulated lactate consumption and higher amino acid metabolism. These data indicate that exposure of maturing oocytes to elevated NEFA concentrations has a negative impact on fertility not only through a reduction in oocyte developmental capacity but through compromised early embryo quality, viability and metabolism.
Light-Scattering Study of Semiflexible Polymer Solutions. 4. n-Hexane Solutions of Poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) (2002)

Static light-scattering behavior was investigated for semidilute n-hexane solutions of poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) (PHIC). At 25 °C, the monomer-unit structure factor Ŝ(k) of the solutions was favorably compared with the generalized Ornstein−Zernike integral equation theory, and the strength of the attractive interaction between PHIC chains in n-hexane was estimated to be very weak. On the other hand, after the solutions were quenched at 15 °C, theoretically unexpected enhanced low-angle scattering was observed. While Ŝ(k) gradually increased with the quenching time, the anomaly disappeared by heating or diluting the solutions. The normal Ŝ(k) was also recovered by subtracting the anomalous component from Ŝ(k) of quenched solutions using dynamic light-scattering results. The anomaly in Ŝ(k) indicates the formation of aggregates or clusters of PHIC chains in quenched solutions. A strong interchain attractive interaction expected in aggregates is in a contrast with the weak interaction among molecularly dispersed PHIC chains.
Dihydroxyacetone suppresses mTOR nutrient signaling and induces mitochondrial stress in liver cells (2022)

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is the active ingredient in sunless tanning products and a combustion product from e-juices in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). DHA is rapidly absorbed in cells and tissues and incorporated into several metabolic pathways through its conversion to dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Previous studies have shown DHA induces cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction, though the extent of these effects is highly cell-type specific. Here, we investigate DHA exposure effects in the metabolically active, HepG3 (C3A) cell line. Metabolic and mitochondrial changes were evaluated by characterizing the effects of DHA in metabolic pathways and nutrient-sensing mechanisms through mTOR-specific signaling. We also examined cytotoxicity and investigated the cell death mechanism induced by DHA exposure in HepG3 cells. Millimolar doses of DHA were cytotoxic and suppressed glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Nutrient sensing through mTOR was altered at both short and long time points. Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial-specific injury induced cell cycle arrest and cell death through a non-classical apoptotic mechanism. Despite its carbohydrate nature, millimolar doses of DHA are toxic to liver cells and may pose a significant health risk when higher concentrations are absorbed through e-cigarettes or spray tanning.
Phototriggered Desorption of Hydrogen, Ethylene, and Carbon Monoxide from a Cu(I)-Modified Covalent Organic Framework (2022)

Materials that are capable of adsorbing and desorbing gases near ambient conditions are highly sought after for many applications in gas storage and separations. While the physisorption of typical gases to high surface area covalent organic frameworks (COFs) occurs through relatively weak intermolecular forces, the tunability of framework materials makes them promising candidates for tailoring gas sorption enthalpies. The incorporation of open Cu(I) sites into framework materials is a proven strategy to increase gas uptake closer to ambient conditions for gases that are capable of π-back-bonding with Cu. Here, we report the synthesis of a Cu(I)-loaded COF with subnanometer pores and a three-dimensional network morphology, namely Cu(I)-COF-301. This study focused on the sorption mechanisms of hydrogen, ethylene, and carbon monoxide with this material under ultrahigh vacuum using temperature-programmed desorption and Kissinger analyses of variable ramp rate measurements. All three gases desorb near or above room temperature under these conditions, with activation energies of desorption (<i>E</i> <sub>des</sub>) calculated as approximately 29, 57, and 68 kJ/mol, for hydrogen, ethylene, and carbon monoxide, respectively. Despite these strong Cu(I)-gas interactions, this work demonstrated the ability to desorb each gas on-demand below its normal desorption temperature upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. While thermal imaging experiments indicate that bulk photothermal heating of the COF accounts for some of the photodriven desorption, density functional theory calculations reveal that binding enthalpies are systematically lowered in the COF-hydrogen matrix excited state initiated by UV irradiation, further contributing to gas desorption. This work represents a step toward the development of more practical ambient temperature storage and efficient regeneration of sorbents for applications with hydrogen and π-accepting gases through the use of external photostimuli.
Adaptive Hybrid Transmission Mechanism for On-Demand Mobile IPTV Over WiMAX (2009)

In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Hybrid Transmission (AHT) scheme for on-demand mobile IPTV service over broadband wireless access network (i.e. mobile WiMAX, 802.16e). Proposed algorithm utilizes hybrid mechanism which combines multi-channel multicasting and unicast scheme to enhance not only service blocking probability but also reduce overall bandwidth consumption of the wireless system which has very limited resources compared to wired networks. An adaptive resource allocation algorithm is also proposed, and is shown to achieve minimum blocking probability. In order to evaluate the performance, we compare proposed algorithm against traditional unicast and multicast schemes.
P‐172: Geometry Control and Chemical Bond Stabilization of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitter to Get Extended Lifetime in TADF OLEDs (2018)

A material was synthesized as a thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitter to alleviate the geometrical hindrance between the donors and to improve the lifetime of the TADF devices. GTD (green TADF dopant) is a green TADF emitter which showed similar peak wavelengths to a common green TADF emitter, but exhibited three times longer device lifetime than a common TADF emitter. The dihedral angle between donor and central core of GTD was small compared to that of a common TADF emitter. And the improved bond dissociation energy of bond of GTD molecule affected the lifetime of TADF OLEDs.
Supplementary Table 4 from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by <i>In Vivo</i> Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics (2023)

Supplementary Table 4 from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics
Data from Targeting Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Family Proteins in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling drives castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and confers resistance to AR-targeting therapies. Novel therapeutic strategies to overcome this are urgently required. We evaluated how bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors (BETi) abrogate aberrant AR signaling in CRPC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We determined associations between BET expression, AR-driven transcription, and patient outcome; and the effect and mechanism by which chemical BETi (JQ1 and GSK1210151A; I-BET151) and BET family protein knockdown regulates AR-V7 expression and AR signaling in prostate cancer models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Nuclear BRD4 protein expression increases significantly (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.01) with castration resistance in same patient treatment-naïve (median &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;-score; interquartile range: 100; 100–170) and CRPC (150; 110–200) biopsies, with higher expression at diagnosis associating with worse outcome (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.50–7.01; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.001). BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 RNA expression in CRPC biopsies correlates with AR-driven transcription (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.001). Chemical BETi, and combined BET family protein knockdown, reduce AR-V7 expression and AR signaling. This was not recapitulated by C-MYC knockdown. In addition, we show that BETi regulates RNA processing thereby reducing alternative splicing and AR-V7 expression. Furthermore, BETi reduce growth of prostate cancer cells and patient-derived organoids with known AR mutations, AR amplification and AR-V7 expression. Finally, BETi, unlike enzalutamide, decreases persistent AR signaling and growth (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.001) of a patient-derived xenograft model of CRPC with AR amplification and AR-V7 expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; BETi merit clinical evaluation as inhibitors of AR splicing and function, with trials demonstrating their blockade in proof-of-mechanism pharmacodynamic studies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3149–62. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
MiR-221 promotes stemness of breast cancer cells by targeting DNMT3b (2015)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small part of the heterogeneous tumor cell population possessing self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential as well as a great ability to sustain tumorigenesis. The molecular pathways underlying CSC phenotype are not yet well characterized. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a powerful role in biological processes. Early studies have linked miRs to the control of self-renewal and differentiation in normal and cancer stem cells. We aimed to study the functional role of miRs in human breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), also named mammospheres. We found that miR-221 was upregulated in BCSCs compared to their differentiated counterpart. Similarly, mammospheres from T47D cells had an increased level of miR-221 compared to differentiated cells. Transfection of miR-221 in T47D cells increased the number of mammospheres and the expression of stem cell markers. Among miR-221's targets, we identified DNMT3b. Furthermore, in BCSCs we found that DNMT3b repressed the expression of various stemness genes, such as Nanog and Oct 3/4, acting on the methylation of their promoters, partially reverting the effect of miR-221 on stemness. We hypothesize that miR-221 contributes to breast cancer tumorigenicity by regulating stemness, at least in part through the control of DNMT3b expression.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes as Enzyme Inhibitors (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TRACER-MAP AMS Measurement (2023)

Aerosol composition was measured by using the high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR ToF-AMS). The data were collected at five different sites (AMF1, Aldine, University of Houston (UH), Jones Forest (JF), San Jacinto Battleground (BG)) from July to August, 2022. Dataset includes time series of five species of aerosol composition: Organic, sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), chlorine (Chl)
Recent advances in fluorinated resists for application at 157 nm (2004)

This paper is part of our continuing work on a new generation of more transparent, 157 nm resist platforms, which are based upon capping of fluoroalcohol-substituted, transparent perfluorinated resins (TFR) with a tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl (BOCME) moiety. Recent results indicate that by optimizing both resin structure and loading of photoacid generator and base additive a good compromise can be achieved between resolution power, dark erosion resistance, sensitivity and transparency at 157 nm. Specifically, it was found that a decrease in PAG (50% nominal loading) and base loading (75% nominal loading), coupled with optimization of the TFR resins to achieve higher transparency, gives the best compromise of properties. In this manner, resist systems with a transparency as low as 0.87 AU/micron were designed capable of resolving 60 nm 1:1 features, at a dose of 92 mJ/cm 2 (non corrected for sigma), using a strong phase shift mask, and a sigma of 0.3 on a Exitech 157 nm small field mini-stepper. This type of resist material has also been imaged with a larger field tool ( DUV30 Micrascan VII ) to give 80 nm 1.1.5 L/S features at a dose of 135 mJ/cm 2 employing using a Binary mask (σ=0.85). Finally, it was found that our BOCME-TFR based resist system can be used to transfer a 120 nm L/S pattern (imaged by 193 nm lithography) into a hardmask stack on top of silicon.
Immunobiology of Herpes Simplex Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infections of the Fetus and Newborn (2010)

Immunologic "immaturity" is often blamed for the increased susceptibility of newborn humans to infection, but the precise mechanisms and details of immunologic development remain somewhat obscure. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are two of the more common severe infectious agents of the fetal and newborn periods. HSV infection in the newborn most commonly occurs after exposure to the virus during delivery, and can lead to a spectrum of clinical disease ranging from isolated skin-eye-mucous membrane infection to severe disseminated multiorgan disease, often including encephalitis. In contrast to HSV, clinically severe CMV infections early in life are usually acquired during the intrauterine period. These infections can result in a range of clinical disease, including hearing loss and neurodevelopmental delay. However, term newborns infected with CMV after delivery are generally asymptomatic, and older children and adults often acquire infection with HSV or CMV with either no or mild clinical symptoms. The reasons for these widely variable clinical presentations are not completely understood, but likely relate to developmental differences in immune responses.This review summarizes recent human and animal studies of the immunologic response of the fetus and newborn to these two infections, in comparison to the responses of older children and adults. The immunologic defense of the newborn against each virus is considered under the broader categories of (i) the placental barrier to infection, (ii) skin and mucosal barriers (including antimicrobial peptides), (iii) innate responses, (iv) humoral responses, and (v) cellular responses. A specific focus is made on recent studies of innate and cellular immunity to HSV and CMV.
The effect of vibrotactile feedback on postural sway during locomotor activities (2013)

Background: Although significant progress has been achieved in developing sensory augmentation methods to improve standing balance, attempts to extend this research to locomotion have been quite limited in scope. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of two real-time feedback displays on locomotor performance during four gait-based tasks ranging in difficulty. Methods: Seven subjects with vestibular deficits used a trunk-based vibrotactile feedback system that provided real-time feedback regarding their medial-lateral (M/L) trunk tilt when they exceeded a subject-specific predefined tilt threshold during slow and self-paced walking, walking along a narrow walkway, and walking on a foam surface. Two feedback display configurations were evaluated: the continuous display provided real-time continuous feedback of trunk tilt, and the gated display provided feedback for 200 ms during the period immediately following heel strike. The root-mean-square (RMS) trunk tilt and percentage of time below the tilt thresholds were calculated for all locomotor tasks. Results: Use of continuous feedback resulted in significant decreases in M/L trunk tilt and increases in percentage times below the tilt thresholds during narrow and foam trials. The gated display produced generally smaller changes. Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrated that use of continuous vibrotactile feedback during challenging locomotor tasks allowed subjects with vestibular deficits to significantly decrease M/L RMS trunk tilt. Analysis of the results also showed that continuous feedback was superior.
Large‐volume leukapheresis for peripheral blood stem cell collection in patients with hematologic malignancies (1992)

Large-volume leukapheresis (LVL, 15-35 L) was performed in two groups of patients (n = 10) with hematologic malignancies to obtain peripheral blood stem cells for bone marrow rescue following high-dose chemotherapy. The target cell count was 7 x 10(8) mononuclear cells (MNCs = lymphocytes and monocytes) per kg of body weight. Group A patients (n = 4) were studied on Day 1 of LVL, and components were collected from them as four sequential samples. Total MNCs collected averaged 1.29 x 10(10), total colony-forming-units granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) averaged 12.1 x 10(6), and a 1.8-fold mobilization of CFU-GM was observed (p < 0.05, Sample 1 vs. Sample 4). Group B patients (n = 6) were studied throughout the three consecutive planned days of 5-hour LVL. An average of three LVL procedures per patient was performed (range, 1.25-4), and an average of 27 L (range, 24-33) of blood per LVL was processed. The blood:ACD-A ratio was 24:1 with 3000 units of heparin per 500 mL of ACD-A; heparin was also added to the collection bags. The component had an average hematocrit (Hct) of 0.02 and MNC content of 93 percent. The patients' pre-LVL and post-LVL average Hct varied significantly (before Day 1, 0.36 +/- 0.08; after Day 3, 0.28 +/- 0.06; p < 0.05). Platelet counts also decreased, with post-Day 3 counts averaging 19 percent of the average pre-Day 1 counts (p < 0.05). A decrease in the average MNC count after LVL was significant on Day 1 only (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bioceramics Composed of Calcium Polyphosphate Fibers (1993)

Abstract High-strength glass-ceramics consisting of crystalline fibers were synthesized by controlled crystallization of glasses in the CaO-P2O5 system. Their unique microstructure and mechanical properties are reported. The fibers are also successfully extracted from the glass matrix. These glass-ceramics and ceramic fibers are proposed for new applications to bio-related fields.