gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conditional Invertible Neural Networks for Diverse Image-to-Image\n Translation (2021)

We introduce a new architecture called a conditional invertible neural\nnetwork (cINN), and use it to address the task of diverse image-to-image\ntranslation for natural images. This is not easily possible with existing INN\nmodels due to some fundamental limitations. The cINN combines the purely\ngenerative INN model with an unconstrained feed-forward network, which\nefficiently preprocesses the conditioning image into maximally informative\nfeatures. All parameters of a cINN are jointly optimized with a stable, maximum\nlikelihood-based training procedure. Even though INN-based models have received\nfar less attention in the literature than GANs, they have been shown to have\nsome remarkable properties absent in GANs, e.g. apparent immunity to mode\ncollapse. We find that our cINNs leverage these properties for image-to-image\ntranslation, demonstrated on day to night translation and image colorization.\nFurthermore, we take advantage of our bidirectional cINN architecture to\nexplore and manipulate emergent properties of the latent space, such as\nchanging the image style in an intuitive way.\n
Model Based Design and Optimization for Large Bore Engines: Some Industrial Case Studies (2017)

Large bore reciprocating internal combustion engines are used in a wide variety of applications such as power generation, transportation, gas compression, mechanical drives, and mining. Each application has its own unique requirements that influence the engine design &amp; control strategy. The system architecture &amp; control strategy play a key role in meeting the requirements. Traditionally, control design has come in at a later stage of the development process, when the system design is almost frozen. Furthermore, transient performance requirements have not always been considered adequately at early design stages for large engines, thus limiting achievable controller performance. With rapid advances in engine modeling capability, it has now become possible to accurately simulate engine behavior in steady-states and transients. In this paper, we propose an integrated model-based approach to system design &amp; control of reciprocating engines and outline ideas, processes and real-world case studies for the same. Key benefits of this approach include optimized engine performance in terms of efficiency, transient response, emissions, system and cost optimization, tools to evaluate various concepts before engine build thus leading to significant reduction in development time &amp; cost.
Dexamethasone Decreases the Incidence of Shivering After Cardiac Surgery (1998)

Shivering after cardiac surgery is common, and may be a result of intraoperative hypothermia.Another possible etiology is fever and chills secondary to activation of the inflammatory response and release of cytokines by cardiopulmonary bypass. Dexamethasone decreases the gradient between core and skin temperature and modifies the inflammatory response. The goal of this study was to determine whether dexamethasone can reduce the incidence of shivering. Two hundred thirty-six patients scheduled for elective coronary and/or valvular surgery were randomly assigned to receive either dexamethasone 0.6 mg/kg or placebo after the induction of anesthesia. All patients received standard monitoring and anesthetic management. After arrival in the intensive care unit (ICU), nurses unaware of the treatment groups recorded visible shivering, as well as skin and pulmonary artery temperatures. Analysis of shivering rates was performed by using chi squared tests and logistic regression analysis. Compared with placebo, dexamethasone decreased the incidence of shivering (33.0% vs 13.1%; P = 0.001). It was an independent predictor of reduced incidence of shivering and was also associated with a higher skin temperature on ICU admission and a lower central temperature in the early postoperative period. Implications: Dexamethasone is effective in decreasing the incidence of shivering. The effectiveness of dexamethasone is independent of temperature and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass. Shivering after cardiac surgery may be part of the febrile response that occurs after release of cytokines during cardiopulmonary bypass. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:795-9)
Digital image capture for high-resolution medical x-ray diagnostics (2018)

We have demonstrated a high resolution (10 micron) X-ray scintillator plate as part of an indirect X-ray detection system. Scintillator plates are typically integrated with a 2-dimensional array of photodiodes based upon amorphous Si. This paper describes an alternative digital capture system that leverages low cost CCD/CMOS cameras. Our detector has a broad set of potential applications, however the initial target application is mammography. Full-field mammography mandates an imaging area of 180mm x 240mm or larger. Very large CCD/CMOS sensors have recently been developed for high resolution cameras, such as the 250-pixel Canon camera which has sensor dimensions of 202mm x 205mm, and could conceivably be matched to our high-resolution scintillator plate without any intervening optics for magnification. However, such large format CCD/CMOS sensors have limited availability because of low production yields and high cost considerations. On the other hand, small form (36mm x 24mm) and medium format (44mm x 33mm) CCD/CMOS-based photodiodes have become widely available at low cost due to their applications in the large markets of mobile devices and consumer cameras. We have therefore developed a simple optical scheme for utilizing four small or medium format CCD/CMOS cameras to capture a larger, high-resolution image. Current systems employed in screening mammography resolve tissue features of 75-100 microns. Suspicious features found during preliminary mammographic screenings are further investigated during diagnostic mammographic tests which use a high-resolution detector that is focused over the suspicious lesion. Typically, an area less than 100mm x 80mm, the current maximum size of our high-resolution scintillation plate, is interrogated. We show that diagnostic mammography, over an area of 100mm x 80mm, could be performed using our system with a feature resolution down to 7 microns.
Lighting estimation in fringe images during motion compensation for 3D measurements (2013)

Fringe projection is an established method to measure the 3D structure of macroscopic objects. To achieve both a high accuracy and robustness a certain number of images with pairwise different projection pattern is required. Over this sequence it is necessary that each 3D object point corresponds to the same image point at every time. This situation is no longer given for measurements under motion. One possibility to solve this problem is to restore the static situation. Therefore, the acquired camera images have to be realigned and secondly, the degree of fringe shift has to be estimated. Furthermore, there exists another variable: change in lighting. The compensation of these variances is a difficult task and could only be realized with several assumptions, but it has to be approximately determined and integrated into the 3D reconstruction process. We propose a method to estimate these lighting changes for each camera pixel with respect to their neighbors at each point in time. The algorithms were validated on simulation data, in particular with rotating measurement objects. For translational motion, lighting changes have no severe effect in our applications. Taken together, without using high-speed hardware our method results in a motion compensated dense 3D point cloud which is eligible for three-dimensional measurement of moving objects or setups with sensor systems in motion.
Novel Naphthalene-N-sulfonyl-d-glutamic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of MurD, a Key Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis Enzyme, (2008)

Mur ligases have essential roles in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, and they represent attractive targets for the design of novel antibacterials. MurD (UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine:D-glutamate ligase) is the second enzyme in the series of Mur ligases, and it catalyzes the addition of D-glutamic acid (D-Glu) to the cytoplasmic intermediate UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine (UMA). Because of the high binding affinity of D-Glu toward MurD, we synthesized and biochemically evaluated a series of N-substituted D-Glu derivatives as potential inhibitors of MurD from E. coli, which allowed us to explore the structure-activity relationships.The substituted naphthalene-N-sulfonyl-D-Glu inhibitors, which were synthesized as potential transition state analogues, displayed IC50 values ranging from 80 to 600 microM. In addition, the high-resolution crystal structures of MurD in complex with four novel inhibitors revealed details of the binding mode of the inhibitors within the active site of MurD. Structure-activity relationships and cocrystal structures constitute an excellent starting point for further development of novel MurD inhibitors of this structural class.
Multi-Objective Optimization for 3D Placement and Resource Allocation in OFDMA-based Multi-UAV Networks (2023)

This work considers the orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology that enables multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (multi-UAV) communication systems to provide on-demand services. The main aim of this work is to derive the optimal allocation of radio resources, 3D placement of UAVs, and user association matrices. To achieve the desired objectives, we decoupled the original joint optimization problem into two sub-problems: i) 3D placement and user association and ii) sum-rate maximization for optimal radio resource allocation, which are solved iteratively. The proposed iterative algorithm is shown via numerical results to achieve fast convergence speed after less than 10 iterations. The benefits of the proposed design are demonstrated via superior sum-rate performance compared to existing reference designs. Moreover, the results declared that the optimal power and sub-carrier allocation helped mitigate the co-cell interference that directly impacts the system's performance.
23Na Synchronized Double-Rotation NMR Study of Cs+, Ca2+, and La3+ Cation-Exchanged Sodium Zeolite Y (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT23Na Synchronized Double-Rotation NMR Study of Cs+, Ca2+, and La3+ Cation-Exchanged Sodium Zeolite YRaz Jelinek, Andrzej Malek, and Geoffrey A. OzinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 22, 9236–9240Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100022a042https://doi.org/10.1021/j100022a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Membrane transport properties of mammalian oocytes: a micropipette perfusion technique (1994)

A perfusion technique using micropipette methodology was developed to determine quantitatively the membrane transport properties of mammalian oocytes. This method eliminates modelling ambiguities inherent in microdiffusion, a closely related technology, and should prove to be especially valuable for study of the coupled transport of water and cryoprotectant through mammalian oocytes and embryos. The method is described and evidence given for validity of the method for the simple case of uncoupled flow of water through the mouse oocyte membrane. The zona pellucida of a mouse oocyte was held by a micropipette with an 8-10 microns diameter tip opening and perfused by hyperosmotic media. The kinetic volume change of the cell was videotaped and quantified by image analysis. Experimental data and mathematical modelling were used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the oocyte membrane (Lp) found to be 1.05, 0.45 and 0.26 microns min-1 atm-1 at 30 degrees C, 22 degrees C and 12 degrees C, respectively. The corresponding activation energy, Ea, for Lp was calculated to be 13.0 kcal mol-1. These values are in agreement with data obtained by other techniques. One of the major advantages of this technique is that the extracellular osmotic condition can be changed readily by perfusing a single cell with a prepared medium. To study the response of the same cell to different osmotic conditions, the old perfusion medium can be removed easily and the cell reperfused with a different medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Facing the challenge of new design features (2011)

Verifying new hardware systems is a daunting task. To reduce the amount of effort involved, verification teams attempt to reuse as much verification IP as possible. We introduce a novel approach for test generation that enables the reuse of verification IP to verify new functionality. This method applies to a significant category of features, which are variations on the functionality of an existing design. Our method is being successfully used in the verification of high-end IBM servers: System p and System z. We compared our technique to alternative approaches and show that it achieves the best quality while reducing manual effort.
Example-based brushes for coherent stylized renderings (2017)

Painterly stylization is the cornerstone of non-photorealistic rendering. Inspired by the versatility of paint as a physical medium, existing methods target intuitive interfaces that mimic physical brushes, providing artists the ability to intuitively place paint strokes in a digital scene. Other work focuses on physical simulation of the interaction between paint and paper or realistic rendering of wet and dry paint. In our work, we leverage the versatility of example-based methods that can generate paint strokes of arbitrary shape and style based on a collection of images acquired from physical media. Such ideas have gained popularity since they do not require cumbersome physical simulation and achieve high fidelity without the need of a specific model or rule set. However, existing methods are limited to the generation of static 2D paintings and cannot be applied in the context of 3D painting and animation where paint strokes change shape and length as the camera viewport moves. Our method targets this shortcoming by generating temporally-coherent example-based paint strokes that accommodate to such length and shape changes. We demonstrate the robustness of our method with a 2D painting application that provides immediate feedback to the user and show how our brush model can be applied to the screen-space rendering of 3D paintings on a variety of examples.
Transform/subband analysis and synthesis of signals (1990)

A general relationship between transform representation and subband representa-tion of a signal is described in a unifying and tutorial manner. First, the transform and subband representations of a signal are described. It is then shown how one representation can be obtained from a simple rearrangement of the other representa-tion. Specific examples illustrate how a block transform can be implemented as an FIR subband filter bank, and vice-versa. The extension of the results is made for the two-dimensional case. Finally, applications to signal coding and adaptive amplitude modulation are discussed. 2
Optical meta device: design, fabrication, and application (2020)

Optical meta-devices using meta-surfaces which composed of artificial nanostructures are able to manipulate the electromagnetic phase and amplitude at will. The great advantages of meta-devices are their new properties, lighter weight, small size, high efficiency, better performance, broadband operation, lower energy consumption, and CMOS compatibility for mass production. Given the demand for photonics, many optical meta-devices for the application and control of incident light are being quickly developed for beam deflection and reflection, polarization control and analysis, holography, second-harmonic generation, laser, tunability, imaging, absorption, focusing of light, multiplex color routing and light-field sensing. The design, fabrication and application of the novel optical meta-devices are reported in this talk.
Distinct Hemodynamic Changes After Interventional Mitral Valve Edge‐to‐Edge Repair in Different Phenotypes of Heart Failure: An Integrated Hemodynamic Analysis (2018)

The pMVR is associated with improved clinical symptoms in all patient subgroups. However, it leads to different hemodynamic responses. In patients with mid-ranged or preserved EF, we found reverse remodeling with reduced LV dilatation and increased contractility. In contrast, in patients with reduced EF, we observed no reverse remodeling and no improvement in LV function.
An analysis of allelic variation in the ABCA4 gene. (2001)

Of the 97 amino acid substitutions, 11 occurred at a frequency that made them unlikely to be high-penetrance recessive disease-causing variants (HPRDCV). After accounting for variants in cis, one or more changes that were compatible with HPRDCV were found on 35% of all Stargardt-associated alleles overall. The nucleotide diversity of the ABCA4 coding region, a collective measure of the number and prevalence of polymorphic sites in a region of DNA, was found to be 1.28, a value that is 9 to 400 times greater than that of two other macular disease genes that were examined in a similar fashion (VMD2 and EFEMP1).
Flavin‐Dependent Monooxygenases NotI and NotI′ Mediate Spiro‐Oxindole Formation in Biosynthesis of the Notoamides (2020)

The fungal indole alkaloids are a unique class of complex molecules that have a characteristic bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring and frequently contain a spiro-oxindole moiety. While various strains produce these compounds, an intriguing case involves the formation of individual antipodes by two unique species of fungi in the generation of the potent anticancer agents (+)- and (-)-notoamide A. NotI and NotI' have been characterized as flavin-dependent monooxygenases that catalyze epoxidation and semi-pinacol rearrangement to form the spiro-oxindole center within these molecules. This work elucidates a key step in the biosynthesis of the notoamides and provides an evolutionary hypothesis regarding a common ancestor for production of enantiopure notoamides.
Single cell transcriptomics identifies focal segmental glomerulosclerosis remission endothelial biomarker (2020)

To define cellular mechanisms underlying kidney function and failure, the KPMP analyzes biopsy tissue in a multicenter research network to build cell-level process maps of the kidney. This study aimed to establish a single cell RNA sequencing strategy to use cell-level transcriptional profiles from kidney biopsies in KPMP to define molecular subtypes in glomerular diseases. Using multiple sources of adult human kidney reference tissue samples, 22,268 single cell profiles passed KPMP quality control parameters. Unbiased clustering resulted in 31 distinct cell clusters that were linked to kidney and immune cell types using specific cell markers. Focusing on endothelial cell phenotypes, in silico and in situ hybridization methods assigned 3 discrete endothelial cell clusters to distinct renal vascular beds. Transcripts defining glomerular endothelial cells (GEC) were evaluated in biopsies from patients with 10 different glomerular diseases in the NEPTUNE and European Renal cDNA Bank (ERCB) cohort studies. Highest GEC scores were observed in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Molecular endothelial signatures suggested 2 distinct FSGS patient subgroups with α-2 macroglobulin (A2M) as a key downstream mediator of the endothelial cell phenotype. Finally, glomerular A2M transcript levels associated with lower proteinuria remission rates, linking endothelial function with long-term outcome in FSGS.
NON-ASYMPTOTIC RATES FOR COMMUNICATION EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTED ZEROTH ORDER STRONGLY CONVEX OPTIMIZATION (2018)

This paper focuses on the problem of communication efficient distributed zeroth order minimization of a sum of strongly convex loss functions. Specifically, we develop distributed stochastic optimization methods for zeroth order strongly convex optimization that are based on an adaptive probabilistic sparsifying communications protocol. Under standard assumptions on the cost functions and the noises corrupting the function evaluations, we establish with the proposed method O(1/(C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">comm</sub> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> / <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3-ζ</sup> ) mean square error (MSE) convergence rates, for the zeroth order optimization, where C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">comm</sub> is the number of per-node communications and ζ > 0 is arbitrarily small. In the distributed setting considered, the established rate is the best known rate in terms of the MSE-communication cost trade off for zeroth order optimization. Finally, through empirical evaluations we illustrate the proposed algorithm's theoretical guarantees.
Expeditious Syntheses of Conjugated Allenyl Esters and Oxazoles through a Cascade Reaction of .ALPHA.-Alkynyl Malonates under Alkaline Conditions (2006)

Diethyl alpha-alkynyl-alpha-methoxymalonates (2a--e) were smoothly hydrolyzed and then decarboxylated under alkaline conditions employing 1 N KOH in EtOH to give conjugated allenyl esters (6a--e) in high yields, and similar alkaline treatment of diethyl alpha-alkynyl-alpha-acetylaminomalonates (5a, b, d, e) furnished unexpectedly the oxazoles (7a, b, d, e) having three substituent groups in excellent yields.
Microporous Materials in Scalable Shapes: Fiber Sorbents (2020)

Microporous materials have the potential to enable new low energy separation processes due to their superb textural properties and structural diversity, yet these materials are facing practical challenges in large-scale applications. Opportunities for advancing microporous sorbents lie in a technology that can bridge the gap between high-performance materials and scalable separation devices. This perspective article discusses the current state of the art and the potential of the fiber sorbent-based separation processes by highlighting the structure–property–performance relationships, candidate porous materials, and application areas.