gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rapid Pacing and T-Wave Scanning on the Relation Between the Defibrillation and Upper-Limit-of-Vulnerability Dose-Response Curves (1995)

With a single rapidly paced ULV sequence with limited T-wave scanning, it may be possible to estimate highly effective defibrillation doses with few VF episodes and high-voltage stimuli.
Intermittent drivers anchoring to structural heterogeneities as a major pathophysiological mechanism of human persistent atrial fibrillation (2016)

The mechanisms responsible for perpetuation of human persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are controversial and probably vary between individuals. A wide spectrum of mechanisms have been described in experimental studies, ranging from a single localized stable (focal/reentrant) source, to multiple sources, up to diffuse bi-atrial wavelets. We characterized AF drivers in patients with persistent AF (lasting less than 1 year) using novel high resolution mapping, imaging and modelling approaches with the objective of evaluating their relationship to atrial structural heterogeneities. Using panoramic non-invasive mapping in humans, focal or reentrant sources driving AF waves were identified, originating from multiple distinct regions and exhibiting short lifespans and periodic recurrences in the same locations. The reentrant driver regions harboured long, fractionated electrograms covering most of the fibrillatory cycle lengths with varying beat-to-beat sequences suggestive of unstable trajectories attached to slow conducting heterogeneous tissue. MRI atrial imaging demonstrated that such drivers preferentially clustered at the borders of fibrotic atrial regions. In patient-specific computer simulations, sustained AF was shown to be driven by meandering transitory reentries attached to fibrosis borders expressing specific metrics in density and extent. Finally, random microstructural alterations devoid of cellular electrical changes were modelled, showing that a percolation mechanism could also explain atrial reentries and complex fractionated electrograms. These data from clinical, imaging and computational studies strongly suggest that intermittent and spatially unstable drivers anchoring to structural heterogeneities are a major pathophysiological mechanism in human persistent atrial fibrillation.
Pharmacokinetics of Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Treatment (2013)

Polymeric micelles (PMs) have shown promising applications for the drug delivery since they can improve the low water solubility of hydrophobic drugs, reduce toxicity of the drug, protect unstable drugs from degradation or metabolism, and prolong the time of blood circulation. The incorporation of drugs to PMs can fundamentally alter the drug's pharmacokinetics (PK) to enable their efficient therapeutic activity. This article reviews the key progress to date about the work of the PK of various PMs in oncology. First, the common techniques to incorporate the drugs to PMs have been introduced. The PK of PMs for typical anti-tumor drugs (Taxels, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, camptothecins) according to different amphiphilic polymers is discussed in detail. The strengths and limitations of PM formulations for the PK also have been included.
A New Professional Science Master Program for Electric Power Systems Engineering (2014)

This paper proposes to adopt the emerging Professional Science Master (PSM) program as a model for enriching power engineering education. PSM programs provide comprehensive training in an academic and technical specialty along with the appropriate professional skills needed for a professional career. The paper outlines the new PSM program-MS in Electric Power Systems Engineering. The program encompasses engineering, management, and other professional skills needed for a successful career in the power engineering industry, and includes both in-depth core power engineering topics as wells as new cross-disciplinary technical topics relevant to the clean-energy Smart Grid.
Plasma effects on the absorption spectrum for the ordinary mode in a magnetized plasma (1977)

The rate of energy absorption for electrons in a plasma is calculated from the emission, including plasma effects through the index of refraction. The net absorption is obtained for the case of propagation perpendicular to an applied dc magnetic field. The dispersion relation for cyclotron harmonic waves is solved numerically to obtain wavenumbers as functions of excitation frequency. This gives the index of refraction required to find the net absorption rate. Spectra for various temperatures and densities are found by integration over the electron velocity distribution.
Functional Differences of Bilateral Transfemoral Amputees Using Full-Length and Stubby-Length Prostheses (2018)

Many unilateral amputations are followed by a contralateral amputation within three years, sometimes presenting as bilateral transfemoral amputations. Bilateral transfemoral amputees that successfully use prostheses are an understudied patient population. This study establishes reference values for this population in users of short non-articulating (stubby) or full-length articulating prostheses. Anthropometric and demographic information was collected from participants. Additionally, participants completed a self-reported Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire-Mobility Subscale 12/5 (PEQ-MS) and performed multiple physical mobility tests, including walking tests and the multi-directional Four Square Step Test (FSST). Full-length users rated their abilities to complete the PEQ-MS tasks as less difficult than stubby users in eight of the 12 items. Gait analysis revealed a greater amount of time is spent in stance phase with a greater portion in double limb support for both user groups, and a greater percentage in stance phase for the subject-reported dominant limb. Stubby users' gait velocity had a significant reduction from that of their full-length peers; however, cadence was similar between groups. Both user groups completed the FSST at comparable times. These outcomes may be of benefit for identifying tasks bilateral transfemoral prosthetic users may find to be most difficult as well as for identifying normal ambulation patterns within this population. Future studies with a greater number of subjects would enable these results to be further generalized.
Capillary electrophoresis off‐line matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry of intact and digested proteins using cationic‐coated capillaries (2004)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was coupled off-line with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) for the analysis of proteins and peptides. CE fractions were collected directly on a matrix-coated MALDI target, using a sheath-flow interface. Protein adsorption during CE separations was prevented by coating the capillaries with the physically adsorbed, cationic polymer PolyE-323. The CE/MALDI-MS system was used for the analysis of model proteins and peptides at physiological pH as well as analysis of proteins in tear fluid. Moreover, tryptic on-target digestion of the collected protein fractions, with subsequent MALDI-MS and MS/MS peptide analysis, was demonstrated.
Respiratory transmission of an avian H3N8 influenza virus isolated from a harbour seal (2020)

The ongoing human H7N9 influenza infections highlight the threat of emerging avian influenza viruses. In 2011, an avian H3N8 influenza virus isolated from moribund New England harbour seals was shown to have naturally acquired mutations known to increase the transmissibility of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses. To elucidate the potential human health threat, here we evaluate a panel of avian H3N8 viruses and find that the harbour seal virus displays increased affinity for mammalian receptors, transmits via respiratory droplets in ferrets and replicates in human lung cells. Analysis of a panel of human sera for H3N8 neutralizing antibodies suggests that there is no population-wide immunity to these viruses. The prevalence of H3N8 viruses in birds and multiple mammalian species including recent isolations from pigs and evidence that it was a past human pandemic virus make the need for surveillance and risk analysis of these viruses of public health importance.
Darstellung und stereoselektive Reaktionen von (R)‐α‐Sulfonyloxynitrilen (1991)

Die Sulfonylierung von ( R )‐Cyanhydrinen ( R )‐ 1 zu ( R )‐ 2 verläuft racemisierungsfrei. Die Umsetzung von ( R )‐ 2 mit Nucleophilen liefert ‐ ebenfalls racemisierungsfrei ‐ unter Konfigurationsumkehr Cyanhydrine ( S )‐ 3 (Nu = OAc, N 3 , N ‐Phthaloyl), die als Synthesezwischenstufen interessant sind. magnified image
Guidance on Novel Influenza A/H1N1 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients (2009)

Novel influenza A/H1N1 virus has caused significant illness worldwide. In response to this global crisis, the American Society of Transplantation (AST) Infectious Diseases Community of Practice and the Transplant Infectious Diseases section of The Transplantation Society (TTS) developed a guidance document for novel H1N1. In this paper, we discuss current guidance for H1N1 as it relates to solid organ transplantation. We include discussion around clinical presentation, diagnosis, therapy and prevention specifically addressing areas such as chemoprophylaxis, immunization and donor-derived infection. Although this document addresses conditions specific to novel H1N1, many principles could be applied to future pandemics. As new information emerges about novel H1N1, updates will be made to the electronic version of the document posted on the websites of the AST and TTS.
Neuromorphic Silicon Photonics and Hardware-Aware Deep Learning for High-Speed Inference (2022)

The relentless growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) workloads has fueled the drive towards non-Von Neuman architectures and custom computing hardware. Neuromorphic photonic engines aspire to synergize the low-power and high-bandwidth credentials of light-based deployments with novel architectures, towards surpassing the computing performance of their electronic counterparts. In this paper, we review recent progress in integrated photonic neuromorphic architectures and analyze the architectural and photonic hardware-based factors that limit their performance. Subsequently, we present our approach towards transforming silicon coherent neuromorphic layouts into high-speed and high-accuracy Deep Learning (DL) engines by combining robust architectures with hardware-aware DL training. Circuit robustness is ensured through a crossbar layout that circumvents insertion loss and fidelity constraints of state-of-the-art linear optical designs. Concurrently, we employ DL training models adapted to the underlying photonic hardware, incorporating noise- and bandwidth-limitations together with the supported activation function directly into Neural Network (NN) training. We validate experimentally the high-speed and high-accuracy advantages of hardware-aware DL models when combined with robust architectures through a SiPho prototype implementing a single column of a 4:4 photonic crossbar. This was utilized as the pen-ultimate hidden layer of a NN, revealing up to 5.93% accuracy improvement at 5GMAC/sec/axon when noise-aware training is enforced and allowing accuracies of 99.15% and 79.8% for the MNIST and CIFAR-10 classification tasks. Channel-aware training was then demonstrated by integrating the frequency response of the photonic hardware in NN training, with its experimental validation with the MNIST dataset revealing an accuracy increase of 12.93% at a record-high rate of 25GMAC/sec/axon.
A Therapeutic use for Interleukin-1 in the Protein-Depleted Animal (1985)

The capacity to synthesize interleukin-1 and the effects of exogcnously administered human inlerleukin-1 on host resistance to Pseudomonas were evaluated in protein-depleted guinea pigs Guinea pigs fed a protein-deficient diet for 2 weeks failed to develop a hypozincaemia or hypoferracmia when endotoxin was administered intrapentoneally but produced normal trace mineral depressions when given interleukin-1 In addition, peritoneal leucocytes from protein-depleted guinea pigs failed to produce interleukin-1 when stimulated in vivo with shellfish glycogen. Pretreatment of protein-depleted guinea pigs with human interleukin-1 significantly improved the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the blood following an intravenous challenge. Simultaneously, the uptake of bacteria into the liver of interleukin-1-treated animals was reduced These findings suggest that protein depletion produces an attenuated synthesis of intcrlcukin-1. Administration of human interleukin-1 to a protein-depleted guinea pig results in a normal trace metal response and may improve host resistance to Pseudomonas infections.
Identification of autophosphorylation sites of HER2/neu. (1990)

HER2 or c-erbB-2 is a putative growth factor receptor with sequence homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is the human homologue of the rat protooncogene neu and may have an important role in human malignancies such as breast and ovarian cancers. Like other growth factor receptors, HER2 has intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity and undergoes autophosphorylation. Recently, we have demonstrated that, similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor, all autophosphorylation sites of HER2 are localized in the carboxyl terminus of this protein. In the present study, immunopurified HER2 was allowed to autophosphorylate, and tryptic phosphopeptides were generated. After purification of these phosphopeptides by high performance liquid chromatography, microsequencing was performed. Utilizing this approach, two autophosphorylation sites were unequivocally identified at Y1023 and Y1248. The sequences of two other tyrosine phosphorylated tryptic peptides were determined, but the exact site of autophosphorylation could not be determined because multiple tyrosines were located on each peptide. However, each of these peptides contains tyrosines that correspond to major autophosphorylation sites of the epidermal growth factor receptor, suggesting that, in addition to Y1023 and Y1248, Y1139 and Y1222 also serve as autophosphorylation sites of HER2.
A dual-specific IGF-I/II human engineered antibody domain inhibits IGF signaling in breast cancer cells (2018)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-I and IGF-II, are essential for regulating cell growth, differentiation and metastasis of a broad range of malignancies. The IGF-I/II actions are mediated through the IGF receptor type 1 (IGF-1R) and the insulin receptor (IR), which are overexpressed in multiple types of tumors. Here, we have firstly identified a human engineered antibody domain (eAd) from a phage-displayed VH library. The eAd suppressed the signal transduction of IGF-1R mediated by exogenous IGF-I or IGF-II in breast cancer cell lines through neutralizing both IGF-I and IGF-II. It also significantly inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells. Therefore, the anti-IGF-I/II eAd offers an alternative approach to target both the IGF-1R signaling pathways through the inhibition of IGF-I/II.
Chapter 39 Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy for Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke, including Chronic Aphasia (2016)

Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diode therapy(LEDT) have been used as an important therapeutic approach tomanage pain [1, 2], treat tendinopathies [3], or accelerate tissuerepair [2, 4]. Over the last decade, these therapies using red and/orinfrared wavelengths have been applied to skeletal muscles toprevent damage, mainly analyzed by creatine kinase (CK) levels inblood, accelerate muscle recovery after intense exercises, and alsoincrease muscle performance [5-7].
Reflective silicon binary diffraction grating for visible wavelengths (2011)

We introduce a new device based on sub-wavelength resonant gratings. We built a silicon-on-oxide reflective binary grating for visible light that mimics the functionality of a blazed diffraction grating in a flat geometry.
A 16Gb/s/link, 64GB/s bidirectional asymmetric memory interface cell (2008)

An asymmetric memory interface cell with 32 bidirectional data and four unidirectional request links operating at 16 Gb/s per link is implemented in TSMC 65 nm CMOS process technology. Timing adjustment and equalization circuits for both memory read and write are on the controller to reduce the memory cost. Each link operates at a maximum rate of 16 Gb/s with sufficient and comparable margins in both directions at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> . The measured energy efficiency for the controller interface cell is 13 mW/Gb/s under nominal operating conditions.
Release Mechanisms for Polyelectrolyte Capsules (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Application Domains: The Human Genome Project (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Chrornosome Maps DNA Sequencing Annotation of the Genome DNA Sequence Conclusion References
Physiology and pathophysiology of leukocyte adhesion (1995)

Leukocytes play an integral role in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory disorders. This book describes molecular, cellular, and microvascular mechanisms of leukocyte involvement in cardiovascular disease. It summarizes current understanding of leukocyte membrane adhesion, rheological aspects of leukocyte kinetics and adhesion in microvessels, and involvement of leukocytes in pathogenesis of different diseases characterized by vascular dysfunction and inflammation.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from Basal Subtype and MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Feedback Signaling Determine Susceptibility of Breast Cancer Cells to MEK Inhibition (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from Basal Subtype and MAPK/ERK Kinase (MEK)-Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Feedback Signaling Determine Susceptibility of Breast Cancer Cells to MEK Inhibition
Measurement of b-hadron pair production with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2017)

A bstract A measurement of b -hadron pair production is presented, based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 11.4 fb −1 of proton-proton collisions recorded at $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:math> TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are selected in which a b -hadron is reconstructed in a decay channel containing J/ψ → μμ , and a second b -hadron is reconstructed in a decay channel containing a muon. Results are presented in a fiducial volume defined by kinematic requirements on three muons based on those used in the analysis. The fiducial cross section is measured to be 17.7 ± 0.1(stat.) ± 2.0(syst.) nb. A number of normalised differential cross sections are also measured, and compared to predictions from the P ythia 8, H erwig ++, M ad G raph 5_ a MC@NLO+P ythia 8 and S herpa event generators, providing new constraints on heavy flavour production.
Effect of Frustrated Rotations on the Pre-Exponential Factor for Unimolecular Reactions on Surfaces: A Case Study of Alkoxy Dehydrogenation (2019)

If theory is to be able to predict the rates of catalytic reactions over extended ranges of temperature and pressure, it must provide accurate rate constants for elementary reaction steps, including both the activation energy and pre-exponential factor. A standing difficulty with this objective is the treatment of floppy modes in the partition function for the adsorbed species. This issue leads to limited accuracy in the pre-exponential factor computed for realistic systems. Here, we investigate the C–H bond breaking for a series of linear-chain alkoxides on Cu(110) using density functional theory because the results can be compared to the experimental data for the rate constants. The structural similarity of these species enables us to understand the systematic effect of the molecular size on the frustrated motions and pre-exponential factor. First, we discuss the complexities of finding the global minimum structure of the adsorbed species and highlight the high dimensionality of the configuration space to be sampled. Then, we analyze the motions of harmonic normal modes, including the motions of the underlying metal atoms, and compute the harmonic pre-exponential factors. To account for periodic frustrated rotations, we use the hindered rotor model: this motion significantly decreases the pre-exponential factor in the C–H bond breaking, the effect increasing with the molecular size. We also estimate the anharmonic effect using the Morse treatment of potentials. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor computed for CH3O are in excellent quantitative agreement with the experiment. The trends computed for the homologous series of alcohols are also reflected by the experiment.
Pyroelectric, piezoelectric, and photoeffects in hydroxyapatite thin films on silicon (2011)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the major component of bone and is used in artificial form in many biomedical applications. It was once believed to have a centrosymmetric crystal structure. In theoretical and experimental studies published in 2005, it was shown to have a monoclinic P21 structure. In the work reported here, 500 nm films of HA were spin-coated on silicon wafers. The materials were not poled. They had a nonuniform polarization distribution and exhibited pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and photoeffects. Structures of this type may have a number of technological applications.
Evaluation of the Effect of the Femoral Articular Surface Material on the Wear of a Metal-Backed Patellar Component (1993)

Wear characteristics of metal-backed, polyethylene patellar components were tested using cobalt-chromium, titanium alloy (Ti), and ion-implanted titanium alloy (IITi) articular surfaces. Patellar components were cycled in a bovine serum bath at 3 Hz for 1 million cycles, under a compressive load that varied from 343 N at 0 degree flexion to 2255 N at 120 degrees flexion. After testing, the polyethylene articular surfaces of the patellar components were evaluated for wear and graded using a subjective numbering system. Overall wear damage to the polyethylene surface was much worse with both Ti and IITi than with cobalt-chromium. Differences in mean wear scores were statistically significant when cobalt-chromium was compared with either Ti or IITi, but there were no statistically significant differences between Ti and IITi. Polyethylene surfaces that articulated against Ti femoral surfaces had more severe scratching. The IITi test group had areas of delamination not observed in the other test groups. Subjective evaluation of the metal surfaces showed evidence of wear damage as well. The metal articular surface of IITi resisted scratching as long as the treated surface was intact. In the high-stress areas, however, such as the edges of the intercondylar notch, the ion-implanted surface quickly wore away, exposing the untreated titanium alloy. The cobalt-chromium femoral articular surface had the least amount of scratching and no evidence of loss of metal.