gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expanded-Beam Backside Coupling Interface for Alignment-Tolerant Packaging of Silicon Photonics (2019)

We demonstrate an alignment-tolerant backside coupling interface in the O-band for silicon photonics by generating an optimized through-substrate (downward) directionality beam from a TE-mode grating coupler and hybrid integrating the chip with backside silicon microlenses to achieve expanded beam collimation. The key advantage of using such an expanded beam interface is an increased coupling tolerance to lateral and longitudinal misalignment. A 34 μm beam diameter was achieved over a combined substrate thickness of 630 μm which was then coupled to a thermally expanded core single-mode fiber to investigate the tolerances. A 1-dB fiber-to-microlens lateral alignment tolerance of 14 μm and an angular alignment tolerance of 1° was measured at a wavelength of 1310 nm. In addition, a large ±2.5 μm 1-dB backside alignment accuracy was measured for the placement of microlens with respect to the grating. The radius of curvature of Si microlens to achieve a collimated beam was 480 μm, and a 1-dB longitudinal alignment tolerance of 700 μm was measured for coupling to a single-mode expanded core fiber. The relaxation in alignment tolerances make the demonstrated coupling interface suitable for chip-to-package or chip-to-board coupling.
Cellular prion protein and NMDA receptor modulation: protecting against excitotoxicity (2014)

Although it is well established that misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into the β-sheet-rich, aggregated scrapie conformation (PrP(Sc)) causes a variety of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), the physiological roles of PrP(C) are still incompletely understood. There is accumulating evidence describing the roles of PrP(C) in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Recently, we identified a functional regulation of NMDA receptors by PrP(C) that involves formation of a physical protein complex between these proteins. Excessive NMDA receptor activity during conditions such as ischemia mediates enhanced Ca(2+) entry into cells and contributes to excitotoxic neuronal death. In addition, NMDA receptors and/or PrP(C) play critical roles in neuroinflammation and glial cell toxicity. Inhibition of NMDA receptor activity protects against PrP(Sc)-induced neuronal death. Moreover, in mice lacking PrP(C), infarct size is increased after focal cerebral ischemia, and absence of PrP(C) increases susceptibility of neurons to NMDA receptor-dependent death. Recently, PrP(C) was found to be a receptor for oligomeric beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, suggesting a role for PrP(C) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our recent findings suggest that Aβ peptides enhance NMDA receptor current by perturbing the normal copper- and PrP(C)-dependent regulation of these receptors. Here, we review evidence highlighting a role for PrP(C) in preventing NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and inflammation. There is a need for more detailed molecular characterization of PrP(C)-mediated regulation of NMDA receptors, such as determining which NMDA receptor subunits mediate pathogenic effects upon loss of PrP(C)-mediated regulation and identifying PrP(C) binding site(s) on the receptor. This knowledge will allow development of novel therapeutic interventions for not only TSEs, but also for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders involving dysfunction of PrP(C).
Electrical and structural characterization of Mg-doped p-type Al0.69Ga0.31N films on SiC substrate (2007)

We report on the electrical and structural characterization of Mg-doped Al-rich p-type Al0.69Ga0.31N alloys on SiC substrate grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The impact of growth conditions and dopant activation annealing conditions on the electrical conductivity was investigated. The most efficient activation was achieved by annealing in N2 gas at 1000°C for 3min in the presence of a SiO2 cap. The impact of p-GaN contact layer thickness was also studied. Higher growth temperature resulted in lower Mg incorporation, and for constant Mg concentration the resistivity increased with the increase in the growth temperature. Mg incorporation increased linearly with Mg effective flow. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the generation of vertical spike-like defects with increasing Mg doping. The resistivity also increased with the increase in Mg doping. A minimum resistivity of 10Ωcm was achieved at 670K.
Ultra-compact sensor for diffuse correlation spectroscopy (2010)

A bidimensional pixel CMOS detector array for parallel in-pixel demodulation and time-resolved correlation computation is presented. Optical signals can be processed at a rate higher than 10 000 samples per second with demodulation frequencies in the megahertz range.
Genetic Architecture of Subcortical Brain Structures in Over 40,000 Individuals Worldwide (2017)

Abstract Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions, and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in over 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and the UK-Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 25 significantly associated loci (20 novel). Annotation of these loci utilizing gene expression, methylation, and neuropathological data identified 62 candidate genes implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
The structure of the 5' terminal cap of the respiratory syncytial virus mRNA (1993)

The 5' terminal cap structure of the mRNAs of human respiratory syncytial virus synthesized in vitro in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine consists of a 7-methyl guanosine linked to an unmethylated guanosine through a 5'-5' pyrophosphate linkage formed by using the alpha and beta phosphates of GTP. The complete cap structure is m7G (5')ppp(5')Gp ... which is devoid of ribose 2'-O-methylation. Capping, including methylation, is coupled to transcription. These results constitute the first report of a pneumoviral mRNA cap structure.
Synthesis and X‐ray Analysis of a Sulfur Dioxide Analog of Triamterene (1994)

Abstract The synthesis and X‐ray analysis of a sulfur dioxide analog of the diuretic agent triamterene, namely 4,7‐diamino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylpyrazino[2,3‐ c ][1,2,6]thiadiazine 2,2‐dioxide ( 2b ), is reported. The compound is devoid of the diuretic properties found in other related pyrazino[2,3‐ c ][1,2,6]thiadiazines. magnified image
Homopolymer self-assembly of poly(propylene sulfone) hydrogels via dynamic noncovalent sulfone–sulfone bonding (2020)

Natural biomolecules such as peptides and DNA can dynamically self-organize into diverse hierarchical structures. Mimicry of this homopolymer self-assembly using synthetic systems has remained limited but would be advantageous for the design of adaptive bio/nanomaterials. Here, we report both experiments and simulations on the dynamic network self-assembly and subsequent collapse of the synthetic homopolymer poly(propylene sulfone). The assembly is directed by dynamic noncovalent sulfone-sulfone bonds that are susceptible to solvent polarity. The hydration history, specified by the stepwise increase in water ratio within lower polarity water-miscible solvents like dimethylsulfoxide, controls the homopolymer assembly into crystalline frameworks or uniform nanostructured hydrogels of spherical, vesicular, or cylindrical morphologies. These electrostatic hydrogels have a high affinity for a wide range of organic solutes, achieving >95% encapsulation efficiency for hydrophilic small molecules and biologics. This system validates sulfone-sulfone bonding for dynamic self-assembly, presenting a robust platform for controllable gelation, nanofabrication, and molecular encapsulation.
Biological and Biomimetic Materials (2009)

Nature has long served as a source of inspiration for humans in developing technology.In the last few decades there has been an explosion of studies revealing new and ever more interesting biomaterials and structures that show extreme, unexpected properties.Butterfly wings, mollusk shells, bones, spider silk, gecko feet, lotus leaves, plant cell walls, mussel byssi, Venus's Flower Basket, and brittlestar optics are just several inspirational examples that have fueled a recent escalation of interest in ''smart'' biological structures from materials scientists. [1]hese creatures obviously possess skills and attributes beyond conventional engineering. [2]Scientists began to ask an important question: how do we reformulate biological designs in man-made structures and create bioinspired advanced materials that are structurally and functionally optimized, that can build themselves, repair themselves and evolve? [1]
The Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Subtype-1 Is the Primary Target of Fingolimod in the CNS: Interruption of the Pro-inflammatory S1P-S1P1 Cascade (P05.145) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To determine which sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor subtype is primarily targeted by S1P and fingolimod in the brain in vivo, and to monitor a potential drug-dependent down-regulation of receptors in the brain.
First-in-human study of 4SC-202, a novel oral HDAC inhibitor in advanced hematologic malignancies (TOPAS study). (2014)

8559 Background: 4SC-202 is a specific inhibitor of protein deacetylases HDAC1, 2 and 3 and lysine specific demethylase LSD1 (KDM1A). Enzymatic inhibition leads to transcriptional repression of Wnt and Hedgehog signaling. 4SC-202 provokes the inhibition of stemness-related properties of cancer cells and affects their viability. Methods: Patients with advanced hematological malignancies including AML, ALL, CLL, MM, MDS or lymphoma were orally dosed either once daily (QD) or twice daily (BID) from days 1 to 14, or BID continuously, in a 21-day cycle. Dose escalation followed a 3+3 design. Study objectives include safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK), determination of MTD and DLT as well as optimization of dosing. Biomarker program includes measuring of HDAC inhibition, total lysine acetylation and gene expression profiling. Additionally, the anti-tumor effect of 4SC-202 was evaluated. Dose escalation part is completed and data allow for reliable evaluation. Further patients will be enrolled to establish the MTD at prior dose levels. Results: 24 patients were treated at 7 dose levels of 25/50/100/200/400mg QD and 200mg BID (N=3, each), and 200mg BID continuous dosing (N=6). Treatment was very well tolerated by heavily pre-treated patients up to the highest dose group. Possibly drug-related AE were less frequent, e.g. low-grade GI complaints such as nausea. Higher-grade hematological toxicity e.g. leading to treatment changes was not observed. Elevation of liver enzymes was observed at 200mg BID during continuous dosing. Two objective responses (PR & CR, unconfirmed) were observed. 75% of patients went into follow-up treatment due to stable disease. Median time on treatment was 98 days with 3 patients treated > 400 days. Plasma exposure reached one digit µM concentrations over 24h. Modulation of Wnt pathway gene-signature was observed in blood samples, as well as HDAC inhibition and lysine acetylation. Conclusions: 4SC-202 could be safely administered up to 200mg BID. Anti-cancer activity could be demonstrated by two patients achieving PR and CR, respectively, and long term stabilization of several patients. The mode of action of 4SC-202 is demonstrated by biomarker response. Clinical trial information: NCT01344707.
Additions and Corrections - Chemical Consequences of Orbital Interactions. II. Ethylene and Butadiene Bridged Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Containing Three- and Four-Membered Rings. (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Chemical Consequences of Orbital Interactions. II. Ethylene and Butadiene Bridged Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Containing Three- and Four-Membered Rings.William JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 22, 6607Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online4 February 2004Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00855a606https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00855a606research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nuclear Spin-wave Quantum Register for a Rare-earth Ion Qubit (2022)

We implement a nuclear spin-wave quantum register for optically-addressable 171 Yb 3+ qubits in YVO 4 using a local ensemble of 51 V 5+ lattice ions. This quantum mem-ory is a critical demonstration for future rare-earth ion-based quantum repeater networks.
Un'actio magica contro afflizioni fisiche e morali (1979)

II papiro, di colore giallo chiaro, fa parte della raccolta dell'Universita Cattolica di Milano; e mutilo in alto, in basso e a sinistra, risecato lungo un'ampia porzione del bordo destro con un taglio abbastanza netto. Analoghe risecature sembrano aver dato origine agli attuali margini superiore ed inferiore del documento. Fori, abrasioni e sfaldature di varie dimensioni interessano sia lo scritto sia la raffi-
Built-in self-repair IC logic with area optimized error-correcting codes (2001)

Integrated Circuits (ICs) suffer from malfunctioning because of permanent production errors, and transient or permanent errors during operation. ICs can be made tolerant for these errors by building in self-repair. This is implemented by the use of (known) error correction codes. These are now optimized for minimum silicon area, which essentially differs from using the classical criterion of minimal code redundancy. As compared to majority voting, our area-optimized Hamming codes and product codes offer sufficient fault protection for less than half the silicon area overhead.
Measurement of the production cross section for W-bosons in association with jets in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2011)

This Letter reports on a first measurement of the inclusive W + jets cross section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC, with the ATLAS detector. Cross sections, in both the electron and muon decay modes of the W -boson, are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading and next-to-leading jets in the event. Measurements are also presented of the ratio of cross sections (W + n)/ (W + n -1) for inclusive jet multiplicities n = 1-4. The results, based on an integrated luminosity of 1.3 pb -1 , have been corrected for all known detector effects and are quoted in a limited and well-defined range of jet and lepton kinematics. The measured cross sections are compared to particle-level predictions based on perturbative QCD. Next-toleading order calculations, studied here for n 2, are found in good agreement with the data. Leadingorder multiparton event generators, normalized to the NNLO total cross section, describe the data well for all measured jet multiplicities.
Clinical Impact of NOTCH1 and/or FBXW7 Mutations, FLASH Deletion, and TCR Status in Pediatric T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (2012)

Mutational status of NOTCH1/FBXW7 represents a promising marker for early therapeutic stratification in pediatric T-LBL.
Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria associated with the mucus of Red Sea corals (2008)

Coral reefs are the most biodiverse and biologically productive of all marine ecosystems. Corals harbor diverse and abundant prokaryotic communities. However, little is known about the diversity of coral-associated bacterial communities. Mucus is a characteristic product of all corals, forming a coating over their polyps. The coral mucus is a rich substrate for microorganisms. Mucus was collected with a procedure using sterile cotton swabs that minimized contamination of the coral mucus by surrounding seawater. We used molecular techniques to characterize and compare the bacterial assemblages associated with the mucus of the solitary coral Fungia scutaria and the massive coral Platygyra lamellina from the Gulf of Eilat, northern Red Sea. The bacterial communities of the corals F. scutaria and P. lamellina were found to be diverse, with representatives within the Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, as well as the Actinobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacter/Flexibacter-Bacteroides group, Firmicutes, Planctomyces, and several unclassified bacteria. However, the total bacterial assemblage of these two corals was different. In contrast to the bacterial communities of corals analyzed in previous studies by culture-based and culture-independent approaches, we found that the bacterial clone libraries of the coral species included a substantial proportion of Actinobacteria. The current study further supports the finding that bacterial communities of coral mucus are diverse.
Inhibition of overactivated p38 MAPK can restore hematopoiesis in myelodysplastic syndrome progenitors (2006)

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are collections of heterogeneous hematologic diseases characterized by refractory cytopenias as a result of ineffective hematopoiesis. Development of effective treatments has been impeded by limited insights into any unifying pathogenic pathways. We provide evidence that the p38 MAP kinase is constitutively activated or phosphorylated in MDS bone marrows. Such activation is uniformly observed in varied morphologic subtypes of low-risk MDS and correlates with enhanced apoptosis observed in MDS hematopoietic progenitors. Most importantly, pharmacologic inhibition of p38alpha by a novel small molecule inhibitor, SCIO-469, decreases apoptosis in MDS CD34+ progenitors and leads to dose-dependant increases in erythroid and myeloid colony formation. Down-regulation of the dominant p38alpha isoform by siRNA also leads to enhancement of hematopoiesis in MDS bone marrow progenitors in vitro. These data implicate p38 MAPK in the pathobiology of ineffective hematopoiesis in lowrisk MDS and provide a strong rationale for clinical investigation of SCIO-469 in MDS.
Synthesis of pseudo saccharide precursors through ‘off template site’ Michael –Wittig reaction on sugar derived enal (2004)

3+3] Annulation protocol at an'off template site' on the sugar derived enal synthon effectively resulted in the formation of C-C linked pseudo saccharide precursors. Thus, the enolate of phosphorane generated from ethyl acetoacetate first undergoes a Michael reaction on the enal followed by a Wittig reaction to furnish the target saccharides, where the chirality is very effectively translated from the parent sugar.
Antifungal, Synergistic Interaction Between Chitinolytic Enzymes fromTrichoderma harzianumandEnterobacter cloacae (1993)

Biocontrol strains from the genera Enterobacter and Pseudomonas and two chitinolytic enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum isolate P1 were combined and tested for antifungal activity in bioassays. Inhibitory effects on spore germination and germ tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Uncinula necator were synergistically increased by mixing fungal enzymes and cells of Enterobacter cloacae but not of Pseudomonas spp. Culture filtrate of E. cloacae contained antifungal compounds and produced moderate levels of inhibition, either in plate assays or in bioassays conducted in potato-dextrose broth. However, the combination of bacterial culture filtrate with fungal chitinolytic enzymes generated only an additive response, indicating that the presence of bacterial cells was required for a synergistic effect. Chitinolytic enzyme activity in the presence of chitinous substrates enhanced the growth of E. cloacae and readily restored the ability of bacterial cells to bind to hyphae of the pathogens despite high concentrations of D-glucose or sucrose in the medium. The results of this study suggest that transgenic bacteria, capable of binding to fungal cell walls and expressing fungal genes encoding cell wall-degrading enzymes, may be powerful biocontrol agents
Real-time high-resolution delay estimation in audio communication using inaudible pilot signals (2014)

We describe the construction of inaudible pilot signals and associated receiver processing techniques that can be used in audio communication, so that an accurate estimation of the signal's end-to-end delay can be obtained. Considering the properties of the human auditory system, we structure the pilot signal so that it is acoustically untraceable and maximizes the time accuracy of the delay estimation. We provide simulation results verifying the effectiveness of the techniques, and also demonstrate its superiority compared to systems with widely used pulses in similar schemes.
Separation and detection of the α- and β-chains of hemoglobin of a single intact red blood cell using capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (1999)

A single intact red blood cell (erythrocyte) was injected into a capillary electrophoresis column, and following in-capillary lysing the alpha- and beta-chains of the hemoglobin (approximately 450 amol) were separated and detected using capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass specta of the electropherogram peaks of the alpha and beta chains showed identifiable peaks corresponding to multiply protonated and sodiated alpha- and beta-chains of hemoglobin.
Retinoschisis: a predictive factor in vitrectomy for macular holes without retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes (2011)

There are two types of macular holes (MHs) in highly myopic eyes with distinctly different prognoses. Preoperative OCT images must be interpreted carefully to determine the precise surgical results. Retinoschisis negatively impacts vitrectomy for HMMHs.