gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1D eyewear (2018)

1D Eyewear uses 1D arrays of LEDs and pre-recorded holographic symbols to enable minimal head-worn displays. Our approach uses computer-generated holograms (CGHs) to create diffraction gratings which project a pre-recorded static image when illuminated with coherent light. Specifically, we develop a set of transmissive, reflective, and steerable optical configurations that can be embedded in conventional eyewear designs. This approach enables high resolution symbolic display in discreet digital eyewear.
Implementation and Evaluation of GPS/GLONASS RAIM (2019)

Current aviation primarily utilizes the GPS constellation for aircraft navigation; however, the aviation community plans to utilize additional GNSS constellations as more constellations become available with guaranteed performance standards. As a result, multi-constellation airborne navigation requires changes to Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM), first approved for aviation in 1992 [1], based on Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) developed by RTCA, Inc. [2]. RAIM utilizes redundant signals to detect a single-satellite fault, and it may exclude the malfunctioning satellite from the navigation solution using Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) methods. The probabilities, detection thresholds and performance of RAIM are designed to support en route, terminal and lateral navigation (LNAV) phases of flight with GPS. Recently, RTCA, Inc. published MOPS for the use of two satellite constellations, GPS and GLONASS, for en route, terminal, and LNAV phases of flight [3]. Though airborne navigation may benefit in terms of accuracy, continuity, integrity, and availability from multi-constellation navigation, it comes at the cost of an increased number of fault modes and resulting algorithm complexity. This paper proposes a fault detection and exclusion algorithm for a combined GPS and GLONASS position solution. GPS and GLONASS signals collected during flight testing are used to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm for en route, terminal, and LNAV phases of flight. The algorithm implements the integrity requirements outlined in the GPS/GLONASS MOPS [3] using the principles of the solution separation method [4]. The algorithm is tested against multiple simulated faults associated with multi-constellation navigation. New developments in this paper include a logic diagram to process the seven fault modes for the GPS/GLONASS solution, as well as an implementation of the solution separation method to handle multiple fault modes.
Novel opportunities and challenges offered by nanobiomaterials in tissue engineering (2008)

Novel opportunities and challenges offered by nanobiomaterials in tissue engineering Fabrizio GelainBioscience and Biotechnology Department, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, ItalyAbstract: Over the last decades, tissue engineering has demonstrated an unquestionable potential to regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Some tissue-engineered solutions recently entered the clinics (eg, artificial bladder, corneal epithelium, engineered skin), but most of the pathologies of interest are still far from being solved. The advent of stem cells opened the door to large-scale production of “raw living matter” for cell replacement and boosted the overall sector in the last decade. Still reliable synthetic scaffolds fairly resembling the nanostructure of extracellular matrices, showing mechanical properties comparable to those of the tissues to be regenerated and capable of being modularly functionalized with biological active motifs, became feasible only in the last years thanks to newly introduced nanotechnology techniques of material design, synthesis, and characterization. Nanostructured synthetic matrices look to be the next generation scaffolds, opening new powerful pathways for tissue regeneration and introducing new challenges at the same time. We here present a detailed overview of the advantages, applications, and limitations of nanostructured matrices with a focus on both electrospun and self-assembling scaffolds.Keywords: self-assembling peptide, electrospinning, tissue engineering, functionalization
FretNet: Continuous-Valued Pitch Contour Streaming for Polyphonic Guitar Tablature Transcription (2022)

In recent years, the task of Automatic Music Transcription (AMT), whereby various attributes of music notes are estimated from audio, has received increasing attention. At the same time, the related task of Multi-Pitch Estimation (MPE) remains a challenging but necessary component of almost all AMT approaches, even if only implicitly. In the context of AMT, pitch information is typically quantized to the nominal pitches of the Western music scale. Even in more general contexts, MPE systems typically produce pitch predictions with some degree of quantization. In certain applications of AMT, such as Guitar Tablature Transcription (GTT), it is more meaningful to estimate continuous-valued pitch contours. Guitar tablature has the capacity to represent various playing techniques, some of which involve pitch modulation. Contemporary approaches to AMT do not adequately address pitch modulation, and offer only less quantization at the expense of more model complexity. In this paper, we present a GTT formulation that estimates continuous-valued pitch contours, grouping them according to their string and fret of origin. We demonstrate that for this task, the proposed method significantly improves the resolution of MPE and simultaneously yields tablature estimation results competitive with baseline models.
Hemodynamic response to fluid removal during hemodialysis: categorization of causes of intradialytic hypotension (2018)

The hemodynamic profiles clearly define specific hemodynamic mechanisms of cardiac power reduction and/or vasodilatation as underlying intradialytic hypotensive episodes. A reduction in cardiac power (reduction of both blood pressure and cardiac output) could be the result of preload reduction due to a high ultrafiltration rate with not enough refilling or low target weight. A reduction in peripheral resistance (reduction in blood pressure and increase in cardiac output) could be the result of relative vasodilatation as arteries do not contract to compensate for volume reduction due to autonomous dysfunction. As both phenomena are independent, they may appear at the same time. Based on these results, a reduction of ultrafiltration rate and an increase in target weight to improve preload or immediate therapeutic actions to increase peripheral resistance are rational measures that could be taken to maintain blood pressure and prevent hypotensive ischemic complications in dialysis patients.
Theory and Simulation of Freeze-Fracture in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (1986)

A theory of fracture in spatially varying anisotropic glass is developed to interpret electron micrographs of freeze-fractured surfaces of cholesteric samples. The expression for energy per unit area released by crack formation is $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\propto}{[\mathbf{n}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}(1+b{\mathbf{Q}}_{1})\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{n}]}^{\frac{1}{2}}$, where ${Q}_{1}$ is the traceless Landau tensor for unit order parameter and $\mathbf{n}$ is a unit vector normal to the crack surface. The two parameters of the theory are $b$, which is a function of the ratio of length to width of molecule, and a crack-precursor length. Contours closely matching those observed in the laminar cholesteric texture and in blue phase I are generated.
Effective Extinction Distances in Zone Axis Silicon (2000)

Abstract Many scientific questions encountered in electron microscopy require quantitative deductions from the observations. Comparisons of experimental observations with simulations are however, still relatively rare since measurements of intensity are normally difficult. In this paper we discuss the use of experimental observations of the effective extinction distances for zone axis silicon using a convergent beam STEM mode for comparison with a number of simulations. On the experimental side, the measurements were made with a STEM that provides accurate intensity measurements directly with a digital image recording system. Two theoretical schemes widely used in electron microscopy simulations, multislice simulation and Bloch-wave calculation, were employed for the simulations. In each case, both a TEM case and a STEM case were calculated for comparison. The multislice simulations were carried out using codes available from Kirkland. For the TEM case with plane waves at normal incidence on the sample surface, the unscattered (0,0) exit beam gives the Bright Field (BF) intensity.
Parallel computation of the minimal elements of a poset (2010)

Computing the minimal elements of a partially ordered finite set (poset) is a fundamental problem in combinatorics with numerous applications such as polynomial expression optimization, transversal hypergraph generation and redundant component removal, to name a few.We propose a divide-and-conquer algorithm which is not only cache-oblivious but also can be parallelized free of determinacy races.We have implemented it in Cilk++ targeting multicores.For our test problems of sufficiently large input size our code demonstrates a linear speedup on 32 cores.
Acoustic and Facial Features From Clinical Interviews for Machine Learning–Based Psychiatric Diagnosis: Algorithm Development (2022)

This study represents advancement in efforts to capitalize on digital data to improve diagnostic assessment and supports the development of a new generation of innovative clinical tools by employing acoustic and facial data analysis.
The synthesis of planar negative-index-of-refraction metamaterials from frequency selective surfaces using genetic algorithms (2005)

This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the synthesis of negative index metamaterials (NIM) using frequency selective surfaces (FSS). Negative index those materials which possess simultaneously negative values of materials are permittivity and permeability, thus the refractive index is the negative branch of n + ± m3 . Such NIM were proposed in the 1960s, but only realized experimentally in the past decade. However, current realizations tend to be extremely lossy, highly inhomogeneous, bulky, or unsuitable for plane-wave operation, so a new approach to NIM synthesis was sought, the use of frequency selective surfaces to synthesize NIM which are thin, planar, lightweight, easily scalable in frequency, and possess significantly lower loss than any NIM designed to date. 
These FSS-based NIM are designed by means of a genetic algorithm (GA), a stochastic optimization technique based on the principles of natural selection in biology. The GA is ideal for problems in which a large number of parameters, with unknown functional inter-relationships, must be optimized simultaneously. Each FSS structure is analyzed by a periodic moment method (PMM) code, a full-wave electromagnetic solver which calculates the plane-wave reflection and transmission coefficients, which are then inverted to determine the effective constitutive parameters that characterize the FSS structure. These effective constitutive parameters, which have real parts simultaneously negative, are used by the GA to converge to the desired solution. 
Based on the above procedures, a wide variety of thin, planar negative index materials have been designed. Examples of transmission-mode NIM have been designed, some of which realize a refractive index near -1.0 and transmission loss less than 1.0 dB, for both normal and oblique incidence illumination. Some NIM have been designed to use commonly available microwave substrate materials, while other NIM examples have been designed for reflection-mode operation, where they may find applications as substrates for small antennas, artificial surfaces or ground planes, or as waveguide walls. Finally, the idea of designing novel metamaterials based on FSS has been extended to the design of low or zero index materials (LIM/ZIM), materials which exhibit a very low refractive index, either positive or negative.
Separating two tightly linked species-defining phenotypes in Bactrocera with hybrid recombinant analysis (2020)

We conclude that the inheritance of the two major species-defining traits is separable but tightly linked and involves more than one gene in each case. It also appears that laboratory conditions select for the B. tryoni phenotypes for mating time. We discuss our findings in relation to speciation theory and the likely effects of domestication during the generation of mass release strains for sterile insect control programmes.
Electrode impedance changes after implantation of a dexamethasone-eluting intracochlear array (2019)

Postoperative inflammation and the formation of fibrotic tissue around the intracochlear electrode array are often held responsible for negative outcomes in cochlear implant recipients. Here we test the effectiveness of intracochlear delivery of dexamethasone via a drug-eluting electrode array in reducing fibrotic tissue formation, assessed via measurement of both monopolar and four-point electrode impedance. Adult guinea pigs were bilaterally implanted with a dexamethasone-eluting array (left ear) and a standard non-eluting array (right ear). Arrays were electrically stimulated daily for 4 weeks, commencing 1 week after implantation, and impedance measured both before and after stimulation. Histological assessment of the tissue was made at the end of the 5-week period. The dexamethasone-eluting array did not reduce monopolar (MP1 + 2) electrode impedance over the course of 5 weeks, and no significant difference was observed in fibrotic tissue, new bone growth, or spiral ganglion neuron density between array types. However, four-point impedance, which provides an indication of the local environment at the neural-tissue interface, was significantly lower in the presence of dexamethasone. A strong relationship was seen between four-point and monopolar impedance for individual electrode arrays, with the exception of the standard array after daily electrical stimulation. This group instead showed a significant correlation between the final four-point impedance measure and percentage of fibrous tissue and new bone growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dexamethasone influences four-point electrode impedance as well as the relationship between fibrotic tissue and impedance, and that both outcomes are shaped by daily electrical stimulation. These results suggest a change occurs at the local tissue-electrode interface in the presence of sustained, intracochlear release of dexamethasone.
Receptor Protein-Based Bioconjugates of Highly Luminescent CdSe-ZnS Quantum Dots: Use in Biosensing Applications (2005)

We are developing new and useful ways to prepare bioinorganic conjugates of highly luminescent semiconductor quantum nanocrystals (Quantum Dots; QDs) and proteins for use in biosensing applications. Conjugate assembly is driven by electrostatic interaction of negatively charged QD surfaces with positively charged proteins or protein subdomains. Conjugates retain the properties of both starting materials, i.e., biological activity of die proteins and optical characteristics of the QDs. We have used these hybrid bio-inorganic conjugates as tracking reagents in fluoroimmunoassays
Estimation of Arrhenius parameters for the 1,1 elimination of hydrogen from disilane and the role of chemically activated disilane in silane pyrolysis (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEstimation of Arrhenius parameters for the 1,1 elimination of hydrogen from disilane and the role of chemically activated disilane in silane pyrolysisHarry K. Moffat, Klavs F. Jensen, and Robert W. CarrCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 19, 7695–7703Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100198a039https://doi.org/10.1021/j100198a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An optimization approach for high-efficiency high-power-density boost converters (2018)

Boost converters running in valley switching mode have the advantages of low switching loss and small inductor size. However, the switching frequency is not fixed as operating conditions vary, which can make inductor design for this converter challenging. In this paper, a systematic optimization approach is presented that is suitable for wide-input-voltage range designs such as power factor correction (PFC) converters. The loss of each component is modeled as a function of the operating point, and the efficiency is estimated over the entire input voltage range. Given a set of selected cores and Litz wire, an optimal inductor design can be found on a plot of efficiencies and air-gap lengths. Genetic algorithms can be used to find the optimal design with customizable cores. Experiments are conducted to verify the model and the approach. One of the prototypes, designed as the first stage for an ac-dc converter system, achieves around 98% efficiency over the input range of 70V to 170V, boosting to 363V at 45W. The prototype converter has a total volume of 2.8cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and reaches a power density of 263W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Medium‐chain fatty acid esters—Optimising their efficacy as anti‐Malassezia agents (2020)

The new substances are advantageous in terms of odour and substantivity and have also beneficial skin caring properties if not hydrolysed by M. spp. As a different panel of hydrolases of each single M. species is responsible for variation in efficacy among the test substances, tailored products to treat preferentially single species or blends with a broader effectivity can be designed. In vivo verification will be the next step for the successful development of this new therapeutical concept for M.-associated diseases.
Transport Property and Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Polymer Electrolyte System  P  (  EO  )  n  ‐ NaTFSI (1998)

Concentration dependences of a complete set of ionic transport properties are reported for the binary solid polymeric ion conductor poly(ethylene‐oxide) [P(EO)], complexed with NaTFSI, [TFSI = (bis)trifluoromethanesulfonate imide, ]. Measured transport properties include the ionic conductivity (σ), the differential salt diffusion coefficient (Ds), and the cationic transference number . To measure , a recently developed technique based on concentrated solution theory is used. Under this framework no assumptions need to be made concerning ideality of the electrolytic solution. We find that for the complexes the ionic conductivities, and differential salt diffusion coefficients are much higher than those of the previously reported system. Ds also varies less with complex composition in concentrated solutions. Interestingly, the cationic transference numbers are found to be negative over a wide concentration range, i.e., decreases with increasing salt concentration and reaches a low of −1.15 ± 0.25 at a composition corresponding to an ether‐oxygen to sodium‐ion ratio of 7:1. This implies that the cationic current is mainly carried by complexed ions. Complementary Raman spectroscopic studies directly probing cation‐anion and cation‐polymer molecular interactions show that extensive interionic interactions occur in this system.
Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape (2017)

A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimer-specific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years post-infection. Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane. Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design.
Development of High Performance Piezoelectric Polyimides (1996)

In this work a series of polyimides are investigated which exhibit a strong piezoelectric response and polarization stability at temperatures in excess of 100 C. This work was motivated by the need to develop piezoelectric sensors suitable for use in high temperature aerospace applications.