gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superconducting Analog-to-Digital Converters (2022)

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are electronic circuits that convert an electrical signal from the analog domain to the digital domain of binary numbers, which can then be processed by computers. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) functions in the reverse direction, converting a sequence of binary numbers into a continuous electrical signal, and high-performance superconducting DACs are still being developed. A time-to-digital converter (TDC) digitizes time and resembles in some ways ADCs. Superconducting TDCs are simpler than ADCs and are being developed mostly for integration with cryogenic sensor arrays. Quantization refers to the selection of a discrete value for the magnitude when the signal is sampled, and is carried out by a quantizer. A high sampling rate with good linearity is necessary for high fidelity to the desired signal, and a DAC can be characterized by parameters of SNR and SFDR in much the same way as an ADC.
Hexagonal undersampling for faster MRI near metallic implants (2014)

The study demonstrates the ability to reduce scan time by undersampling without compromising image quality.
Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Reveal Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus in Adults With a Non—Insulin-Dependent Onset of Disease (1993)

The classification of adults with diabetes mellitus can be invalidated by patients who initially present as NIDDM but who later become frankly insulin dependent. In some of these, the pathogenesis could be similar to that in IDDM, namely autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. We studied 102 patients > 35 yr of age at diabetes onset who had initially been nonketotic and non-insulin-dependent for > or = 6 mo. They were classified according to glucagon-stimulated C-peptide levels into an insulin-deficient group (n = 33) and a non-insulin-deficient group (n = 69). We measured antibodies to GAD, islet cell cytoplasm, thyroid antigens, and gastric parietal cells in both groups. Anti-GAD was significantly higher in the insulin deficient group, 76% (25 of 33), than in the non-insulin deficient group, 12% (8 of 69), and this difference was substantially greater than that shown for ICAs. Thus, in a proportion of adults who present with NIDDM, a slowly evolving autoimmune insulitis can be revealed by testing for anti-GAD. This could have important connotations not only for early intervention, but also for the correct classification of diabetes.
ChemInform Abstract: Boswellic Acids: A Group of Medicinally Important Compounds (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vaccine efficacy of an attenuated but persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis cysH mutant (2007)

The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and the widespread occurrence of AIDS demand newer and more efficient control of tuberculosis. The protective efficacy of the current Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is highly variable. Therefore, development of an effective new vaccine has gained momentum in recent years. Recently, several M. tuberculosis mutants were tested as potential vaccine candidates in the mouse model of tuberculosis. However, only some of these mutants were able to generate protection equivalent to that of BCG in mice. This study reports the vaccine potential of an attenuated 5'-adenosine phosphosulfate reductase mutant (DeltacysH) of M. tuberculosis. Immunization of mice with either BCG or DeltacysH followed by infection with the virulent M. tuberculosis Erdman strain demonstrated that DeltacysH can generate protection equivalent to that of the BCG vaccine.
A Multi-task Approach for Named Entity Recognition in Social Media Data (2017)

Named Entity Recognition for social media data is challenging because of its inherent noisiness. In addition to improper grammatical structures, it contains spelling inconsistencies and numerous informal abbreviations. We propose a novel multi-task approach by employing a more general secondary task of Named Entity (NE) segmentation together with the primary task of fine-grained NE categorization. The multi-task neural network architecture learns higher order feature representations from word and character sequences along with basic Part-of-Speech tags and gazetteer information. This neural network acts as a feature extractor to feed a Conditional Random Fields classifier. We were able to obtain the first position in the 3rd Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (WNUT-2017) with a 41.86% entity F1-score and a 40.24% surface F1-score.
Thermodynamics of Fatty Acid Binding to Engineered Mutants of the Adipocyte and Intestinal Fatty Acid-binding Proteins (1998)

We constructed 18 single amino acid mutants of the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) and 17 of the intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), at locations in the fatty acid (FA) binding sites. For each mutant protein, we measured thermodynamic parameters that characterize FA binding. Binding affinities ranged from about 200-fold smaller to 30-fold larger than the wild type (WT) proteins. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that binding affinities often inaccurately reported changes in protein-FA interactions because changes in the binding entropy and enthalpy were usually compensatory and larger than the binding free energy. FA-FABP interactions were quite different for I-FABP and A-FABP proteins. Binding affinities were larger and decreased to a greater degree with increasing FA solubility for most of the I-FABP as compared with the A-FABP proteins, consistent with a more hydrophobic binding site for the I-FABP proteins. In A-FABP, Ala substitutions for Arg106 and Arg126, which interact with the FA carboxylate, reduce affinities by about 100-fold, but in I-FABP, R106A increases affinities up to 30-fold. Moreover, in A-FABP, the thermodynamic parameters predict that the FA carboxylate location switches from the 126-position in R106A to the 106 position in R126A. Finally, the A-FABP proteins, in contrast to the I-FABP proteins, reveal significant heat capacity changes (DeltaCp) upon FA binding, and substitutions at residues Arg106 and Arg126 reduce the magnitude of DeltaCp.
Spatial Consistency Evaluation Based on Massive SIMO Measurements (2019)

In this paper, the spatial consistency of wireless massive single- input-multiple-output channels in a cellular small cell scenario is evaluated based on measurements taken in Berlin city. The evaluation is done by computing the similarity of covariance matrices over the distance. As similarity measure the correlation matrix distance is used. A classification of the measurements tracks based on the shape of the curves into four different categories is done. The results in this paper indicate that spatial consistency is a highly deterministic property in the sense that it depends strongly on the individual environment and not so much on large scale parameters. Therefore, we conclude that spatial consistency is not sufficiently modelled by the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project feature.
Comparison of Prototype Circuits for Direct Measurement of Fluorescence Lifetime (2005)

The principles of two circuits which may be capable of detecting fluorescence lifetimesdown to less than 1 s are presented. These are intended for sensing applications involvingfluorescence quenching, which can be used to measure such process variables as dissolvedoxygen and pH. The principles of the circuits are explained, and the theoretical relationship betweenthe output of the sensors and the fluorescence lifetime is derived. Thus far, prototype circuits usingthese principles have been unsuccessful, being unable to detect changes in fluorescence lifetime ofa Ruthenium compound in the presence of oxygen. These failures are attributed excessive noiseand/or large system transients which may be overcome in the future. If successful, the new circuitsmay represent the potential to make stable and robust new sensors for oxygen which have lowercost and greater simplicity than others available. This would greatly improve the ability to collectdata from increasingly small, distributed, and multiplexed biological systems.
Heterogeneously Integrated InGaAs DFB Laser on Tantalum Pentoxide (2023)

We present a heterogeneously integrated distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser with tantalum pentoxide waveguide on a silicon substrate, with a maximum output power of 5 mW per facet at 1020 nm wavelength and a side mode suppression ratio of 22 dB.
Supplementary Table 1 from Interleukin-6 and Oncostatin-M Synergize with the PI3K/AKT Pathway to Promote Aggressive Prostate Malignancy in Mouse and Human Tissues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 13K, Quantification of phenotypes observed across five histological sections from independent biological replicates.&lt;/p&gt;
Homoepitaxial growth of Ge doped β-gallium oxide thin films by mist chemical vapor deposition (2023)

Abstract This study demonstrated homoepitaxial growth of Ge-doped β -Ga 2 O 3 thin films on β -Ga 2 O 3 substrates via mist chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using GeI 4, a water-soluble Ge precursor. The carrier concentration of the Ge-doped β -Ga 2 O 3 thin films was controlled by varying the Ge precursor concentration in the solution. A mobility of 66 cm 2 V −1 s −1 was obtained at a carrier density of 3.4 × 10 18 cm −3 using oxygen carrier gas. X-ray diffraction (XRD) scans 2 θ - ω revealed that homoepitaxial Ge-doped β -Ga 2 O 3 thin films were grown on β -Ga 2 O 3 without phase separation. However, the XRD rocking curves revealed that the mist CVD- grown Ge-doped β -Ga 2 O 3 was degraded compared to the substrate as the Ge concentration increased. The surface morphologies of the Ge-doped β -Ga 2 O 3 exhibited atomically flat surfaces with a root mean square roughness of less than 1 nm. These results indicate that the Ge-doped β -Ga 2 O 3 thin films prepared by mist chemical vapor deposition are promising for device applications.
Immunoglobulins are directly involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome recurrence after renal transplantation. (1998)

653 About 20-30% of patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) with focal glomerulosclerosis experience a relapse of their INS after transplantation (Tx). The pathogenesis of INS is unknown but several observations suggest an alteration of glomerular permselectivity by plasmatic factor(s). We have previously shown that ex vivo immunoadsorption(IA) on Protein A (Excorim, Sweden) strongly reduces proteinuria (mean 83± 11%), though transiently (28±20days), in 14 relapsing patients(N engl J Med 1994). In order to investigate whether the factor that gives rise to albuminuria are bound directly to Protein A in the IA procedure or as part of a complex with Ig, 4 patients with relapse of focal glomerulosclerosis presenting as INS after Tx were treated using an other anti-Ig support: Ig-Therasorb, Germany. Two of them were also treated by Protein A IA. The unique difference between the 2 procedures was that the treated plasma volume was less important with anti-Ig than Protein A IA (30% less). Despite this difference, the effect on proteinuria of IA using an anti-Ig was superimposable in its magnitude (reduction of 90 ± 7%) and kinetics(return to a threshold of 3g within 10 to 30 days) to that of IA on protein A. The two procedures were also equally effective in depleting the relapsing patients' plasma of a factor capable of altering the albumin permselectivity of isolated glomeruli in vitro (Kidney Int 1997), but there was no significant activity in the eluates. It seems highly improbable that two different and almost specific Ig ligands might both have such an action without an Ig being involved. In addition, the molecular weight of the active fraction after injection into rats and on in vitro test on isolated glomeruli was not compatible with an intact Ig (ie less than 100kd). As there is no specific Ig deposit in the FSGS glomeruli, it is conceivable that traces of autoantibodies, at a too low concentration to be detected, are involved. Alternativelly, Ig may interact with a non renal antigen resulting in a production of active factor. In any case, this study demonstrates that Ig have a direct role in the INS or is a carrier for this factor(s).
On the Uniqueness of FROG Methods (2017)

The problem of recovering a signal from its power spectrum, called phase retrieval, arises in many scientific fields. One of many examples is ultrashort laser pulse characterization, in which the electromagnetic field is oscillating with ~1015 Hz and phase information cannot be measured directly due to limitations of the electronic sensors. Phase retrieval is ill-posed in most of the cases, as there are many different signals with the same Fourier transform magnitude. To overcome this fundamental ill-posedness, several measurement techniques are used in practice. One of the most popular methods for complete characterization of ultrashort laser pulses is the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG). In FROG, the acquired data are the power spectrum of the product of the unknown pulse with its delayed replica. Therefore, the measured signal is a quartic function of the unknown pulse. A generalized version of FROG, where the delayed replica is replaced by a second unknown pulse, is called blind FROG. In this case, the measured signal is quadratic with respect to both pulses. In this letter, we introduce and formulate FROG-type techniques. We then show that almost all band-limited signals are determined uniquely, up to trivial ambiguities, by blind FROG measurements (and thus also by FROG), if in addition we have access to the signals power spectrum.
Electrically conductive metallomacrocyclic assemblies. High-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy as a probe of local architecture and electronic structure in phthalocyanine molecular and macromolecular "metals" [Erratum to document cited in CA104(12):100961y] (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrically conductive metallomacrocyclic assemblies. High-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy as a probe of local architecture and electronic structure in phthalocyanine molecular and macromolecular "metals" [Erratum to document cited in CA104(12):100961y]Paul J. Toscano and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 13, 5388Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00169a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figure S1 from Haploinsufficiency of the <i>Hmga1</i> Gene Causes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Myelo-Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Mice (2023)

Supplementary Figure S1 from Haploinsufficiency of the &lt;i&gt;Hmga1&lt;/i&gt; Gene Causes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Myelo-Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Mice
Lymphatic and Immune Cell Cross-Talk Regulates Cardiac Recovery After Experimental Myocardial Infarction (2020)

We show that resolution of cardiac inflammation after MI may be accelerated by therapeutic lymphangiogenesis based on adeno-associated viral gene delivery of VEGF-C<sub>C156S</sub>. Conversely, our work uncovers a major negative role of cardiac-recruited T cells on lymphatic remodeling. Our results give new insight into the interconnection between immune cells and lymphatics in orchestration of cardiac repair after injury.
Differences in Regulation of Drosophila and Vertebrate Integrin Affinity by Talin (2008)

Integrin-mediated cell adhesion is essential for development of multicellular organisms. In worms, flies, and vertebrates, talin forms a physical link between integrin cytoplasmic domains and the actin cytoskeleton. Loss of either integrins or talin leads to similar phenotypes. In vertebrates, talin is also a key regulator of integrin affinity. We used a ligand-mimetic Fab fragment, TWOW-1, to assess talin's role in regulating Drosophila alphaPS2 betaPS affinity. Depletion of cellular metabolic energy reduced TWOW-1 binding, suggesting alphaPS2 betaPS affinity is an active process as it is for vertebrate integrins. In contrast to vertebrate integrins, neither talin knockdown by RNA interference nor talin head overexpression had a significant effect on TWOW-1 binding. Furthermore, replacement of the transmembrane or talin-binding cytoplasmic domains of alphaPS2 betaPS with those of human alphaIIb beta3 failed to enable talin regulation of TWOW-1 binding. However, substitution of the extracellular and transmembrane domains of alphaPS2 betaPS with those of alphaIIb beta3 resulted in a constitutively active integrin whose affinity was reduced by talin knockdown. Furthermore, wild-type alphaIIb beta3 was activated by overexpression of Drosophila talin head domain. Thus, despite evolutionary conservation of talin's integrin/cytoskeleton linkage function, talin is not sufficient to regulate Drosophila alphaPS2 betaPS affinity because of structural features inherent in the alphaPS2 betaPS extracellular and/or transmembrane domains.
Ofatumumab retreatment and maintenance in patients with fludarabine-refractory CLL. (2012)

6584 Background: In Study 406, the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ofatumumab (ofa), given as monotherapy over 6 months, showed 47% overall response rate (ORR) in patients (pts) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) refractory to fludarabine and alemtuzumab (FA-ref), or to fludarabine with bulky (&gt;5cm) lymphadenopathy (BF-ref). The effects of ofa retreatment (retx) and maintenance (mt) are unknown. Methods: Pts who responded to ofa and then progressed or had stable disease (SD) in Study 406, were offered retx in Study 416 (NCT00802737; GSK/Genmab) with ofa 1 x 300 mg + 7 x 2000 mg weekly followed by mt with ofa 2000 mg monthly for up to 2 years (if SD or better). Primary endpoint was ORR (1996 NCI-WG). Safety and time to event outcomes were also assessed. Results: Of 29 pts enrolled, 7 had SD and 22 had partial response (PR) and progressed in Study 406. Pts were defined per Study 406: 17 FA-ref, 11 BF-ref, 1 “other”. Pretreatment characteristics were similar between groups. Pts received a median of 12 doses (range 3-32); 86% had 8 doses, 3% received all 32 doses. 72% of pts had infusion-related adverse events (AEs), 41% at 1st infusion, mostly grade 1-2. The most common grade &gt;3 AE occurring up to 60 days after last tx was infection (38%); the most common was pneumonia (17%). 3 pts (10%) had fatal infections, all bronchopneumonia. Clinical efficacy is shown in Table. Comparative analysis to Study 406 is ongoing. Conclusions: The response to ofatumumab (ofa) as induction retreatment and progression-free survival in this limited number of pts was similar to 1st treatment (Study 406). Ofa maintenance had some clinical benefit for pts with advanced CLL. Ofa was well-tolerated with no unexpected toxicities. [Table: see text]
Glioma-amplified sequence KUB3 influences double-strand break repair after ionizing radiation (2013)

Human glioblastomas are characterized by frequent DNA amplifications most often at chromosome regions 7p11.2 and 12q13-15. Although amplification is a well-known hallmark of glioblastoma genetics the function of most amplified genes in glioblastoma biology is not understood. Previously, we cloned Ku70-binding protein 3 (KUB3) from the amplified domain at 12q13-15. Here, we report that glioblastoma cell cultures with endogenous KUB3 gene amplification and with elevated KUB3 protein expression show an efficient double-strand break (DSB) repair after being irradiated with 1 Gy. A significantly less efficient DSB repair was found in glioma cell cultures without KUB3 amplification and expression. Furthermore, we found that a siRNA-mediated reduction of the endogenous KUB3 expression in glioblastoma cells resulted in a reduction of the repair efficiency. HeLa cells transfected with KUB3 showed an increased DSB repair in comparison to untreated HeLa cells. In addition, KUB3 seems to influence DSB efficiency via the DNA-PK-dependent repair pathway as shown by simultaneous inhibition of KUB3 and DNA-PK. The data provide the first evidence for a link between the level of KUB3 amplification and expression in glioma and DSB repair efficiency.
Highly Broadband Absorber Using Plasmonic Titanium Carbide (MXene) (2018)

Control of light transmission and reflection through nanostructured materials has led to demonstration of metamaterial absorbers that have augmented the performance of energy harvesting applications of several optoelectronic and nanophotonic systems. Here, for the first time, a broadband plasmonic metamaterial absorber is fabricated using two-dimensional titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene. Arrays of nanodisks made of Ti3C2Tx exhibit strong localized surface plasmon resonances at near-infrared frequencies. By exploiting the scattering enhancement at the resonances and the optical losses inherent to Ti3C2Tx MXene, high-efficiency absorption (∼90%) for a wide wavelength window of incident illumination (∼1.55 μm) has been achieved.