gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Superior Oxide‐Ion Electrolyte. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Active control of residual tool marks for freeform optics functionalization by novel biaxial servo assisted fly cutting (2015)

The inherent residual tool marks (RTM) with particular patterns highly affect optical functions of the generated freeform optics in fast tool servo or slow tool servo (FTS/STS) diamond turning. In the present study, a novel biaxial servo assisted fly cutting (BSFC) method is developed for flexible control of the RTM to be a functional micro/nanotexture in freeform optics generation, which is generally hard to achieve in FTS/STS diamond turning. In the BSFC system, biaxial servo motions along the z-axis and side-feeding directions are mainly adopted for primary surface generation and RTM control, respectively. Active control of the RTM from the two aspects, namely, undesired effect elimination or effective functionalization, are experimentally demonstrated by fabricating a typical F-theta freeform surface with scattering homogenization and two functional microstructures with imposition of secondary phase gratings integrating both reflective and diffractive functions.
MEERA: Cross-Layer Methodology for Energy Efficient Resource Allocation in Wireless Networks (2008)

In many portable devices, wireless network interfaces consume upwards of 30% of scarce system energy. Reducing the transceiver's power consumption to extend the system lifetime has therefore become a design goal. Our work is targeted at this goal and is based on the following two observations. First, conventional energy management approaches have focused independently on minimizing the fixed energy cost (by shutdown) and on scalable energy costs (by leveraging, for example, the modulation, code-rate and transmission power). These two energy management approaches present a tradeoff. For example, lower modulation rates and transmission power minimize the variable energy component, but this shortens the sleep duration thereby increasing fixed energy consumption. Second, in order to meet the quality of service (QoS) timeliness requirements for multiple users, we need to determine to what extent each system in the network may sleep and scale. Therefore, we propose a two-phase methodology that resolves the sleep-scaling tradeoff across the physical, communications and link layers at design time and schedules nodes at runtime with near optimal energy-efficient configurations in the solution space. As a result, we are able to achieve very low run-time overheads. Our methodology is applied to a case study on delivering a guaranteed QoS for multiple users with MPEG-4 video over a slow-fading channel. By exploiting runtime controllable parameters of actual RF components and a modified 802.11 medium access controller, system lifetime is increased by a factor of 3-to-10 in comparison with conventional techniques.
Applications of freeze‐fracture replication to problems in materials and colloid science (1989)

Understanding the relationship between the molecular structure and the macroscopic properties of polymer solutions and gels, oil-water-surfactant emulsions, lyotropic and thermotropic liquid crystals, colloidal dispersions, detergents, and other such "microstructured fluids" is essential to the optimal use of these commercially important materials. Modern rapid-freezing methods followed by freeze-fracture replication techniques are ideally suited to allow the direct visualization of the three-dimensional structure of the particles or units that make up the dispersion, while simultaneously revealing their orientation and distribution with molecular resolution. This paper reviews the necessary experimental conditions required to successfully exploit the freeze-fracture technique as it applies to microstructured fluid systems. The benefits and limitations of structural studies by freeze-fracture techniques as opposed to the more commonly used light, X-ray, and neutron-scattering methods are discussed. Freeze-fracture replicas can also be imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy to reveal directly three-dimensional fracture contours with improved resolution.
Approximation of binaural room impulse responses (2009)

An approach to approximation of Binaural Room Impulse Responses (BRIRs) is presented. Here, a BRIR is considered to have two constituent parts: the anechoic Head Related Impulse Response (HRIR), convolved with the Room Impulse Response (RIR). Each part is approximated individually. The HRIR is partitioned as the convolution of a directional independent component and a directional dependent subsystem. The RIRs are split into their early and late reection components, and an interpolation method is presented using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW).
Transcription monitoring using fused RNA with a dye-binding light-up aptamer as a tag: a blue fluorescent RNA (2008)

The "light-up" RNA aptamer-Hoechst pair can be used as a fluorescent tag to monitor transcription processes.
Wavelet representation and total variation regularization in emission tomography (2002)

A classical technique for reconstruction of emission tomography (ET) images from measured projections is based on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, achieved with the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. We incorporate the wavelet transform (WT) and total variation (TV) based penalties into the ML framework, and compare performance of the EM algorithm and the previously proposed conjugate barrier (CB) algorithm. Using the WT- and TV-based penalties allows one to embed regularization procedures into the iterative process. In the case of the WT-based penalty, we impose a subset of wavelet coefficients with a desired resolution on the objective function. It appears that the CB algorithm outperforms substantially the EM algorithm in penalized reconstruction. The properties of the optimization algorithms along with WTand TV-based regularization are demonstrated on image reconstructions of a synthetic brain phantom, and the quality of reconstruction is compared with standard methods.
Electroless Copper Deposition Using Sn/Ag Catalyst on Epoxy Laminates (2013)

Electroless copper deposition was investigated on epoxy laminate substrates (Isola 185HR) using a silver-based catalyst, and a non-roughening surface treatment method based on sulfuric acid. The current challenges in electroless copper deposition include (i) high cost of Pd-based catalysts, (ii) deterioration of electrical performance of deposited metal at high frequency due to electron scattering at the roughened surface, and (iii) limited adhesion strength of electroless layers to substrates. We investigated an electroless copper deposition procedure composed of a H2SO4 surface pretreatment, two-step Sn/Ag nano-colloidal catalyst seeding, and immersion in a traditional formaldehyde-containing electroless copper bath. The H2SO4 pretreatment activated the epoxy surface for electroless deposition. Other strong acids did not lead to deposition. The H2SO4 treatment cleaned the substrate and provided the adhesion of the catalyst and electroless copper without increasing the surface roughness. XPS results showed a decrease in the carbonyl groups (C=O), and acid/ester functionalities (O-C=O) at the surface. Adsorbed sulfate on the substrate from the H2SO4 treatment led to Sn(II) sensitization. The tin-silver activation step resulted in Sn(IV) and Ag(0) products in the form of a Sn/Ag nano-colloidal catalyst. The Sn/Ag colloid acted as a catalyst for electroless copper deposition on the epoxy laminate substrates.
P‐185: Highly Efficient and Long Lifetime Bipolar Host Material for Red Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Benzocarbazole and Diphenyltriazine Derivatives (2019)

Red phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (phOLEDs) can achieve 100% internal quantum efficiency by harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons through spin orbit coupling. To improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and device lifetime, many molecular designs of bipolar hosts with appropriate energy band gap and triplet energy were studied in doping system phOLEDs. Two kinds of bipolar hosts were synthesized by combining benzocarbazole hole type donor and diphenyltriazine electron type acceptor to achieve relatively low triplet energy for red phOLEDs. Two hosts with the benzocarbazole and diphenyltriazine linked through para and meta positions of the phenyl unit proved a triplet energy of 2.52 eV and bipolar carrier transport properties. The band gap of the emitters between highest energy occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest energy occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is 2.89 eV and 2.83 eV, while the EQE was 21.7% and 20.7% respectively, as a result of doping with red emitter. It was confirmed that life time was 30 times longer than that of general 4,4′‐bis(n‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP) host at 5000 cd/m 2 .
Emission from the higher-order excitons in ZnO films grown by laser molecular-beam epitaxy (2004)

Epitaxial ZnO thin films were grown by laser molecular-beam epitaxy on lattice-matched ScAlMgO4 substrates following the deposition and annealing of suitable buffer layers. The samples were characterized by low-temperature photoluminescence (PL), absorption, and reflectivity measurements. PL from higher order (n=2) excitons (A exciton) was observed at temperatures lower than 40 K. The absorption spectrum contained lines and the reflection spectrum exhibited anomalies that were assigned to the excited-states (n=2,3) of A and B excitons. The optical quality could be improved dramatically by using annealed ZnO or MgZnO buffer layers.
ChemInform Abstract: FUNCTIONAL DERIVATIVES OF PHENOXYPHENOXYPROPIONIC ACIDS AND THEIR HERBICIDAL EFFECTIVENESS (1982)

Abstract Auf den angegebenen Wegen werden ausgehend von den (bekannten) Verbindungen (Ia) bzw. (Ib) die Derivate (II), (III), (V), (VI), (VIII), (IX), (XI) bzw. (XII) dargestellt (Tab.; für die einzelnen Verbindungsklassen ist jeweils ein Beispiel mit präparativen Angaben beschrieben); ausgehend von den Estern (Ic) sind weiterhin Derivate wie (XIV), (XV) bzw. (XVI) zugänglich.
Wurtzite phase control for self-assisted GaAs nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2020)

The accurate control of the crystal phase in III-V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) is an important milestone for device applications. In this work, we present a method to select and maintain the wurtzite (WZ) crystal phase in self-assisted NWs. By choosing a specific regime where the NW growth process is a self-regulated system, the main experimental parameter to select the zinc-blende (ZB) or WZ phase is the V/III flux ratio. The latter can be monitored by changing the As flux, and drives the system toward a stationary regime when the wetting angle of the Ga droplet falls in a target interval, typically in the 90° - 125° range for the WZ phase growth. The analysis of the in situ RHEED evolution, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), dark field transmission electron microscopy (DF-TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) data all confirm the control of an extended few micrometers long pure WZ segment obtained by MBE growth of self-assisted GaAs NWs with a V/III flux ratio of 4.0.
Reactive diffracting trees (1997)

Shared counters are concurrent objects which provide a fetch-andincrement operation on a distributed system and can be used to implement a variety of data structures, such as barriers, pools, stacks, and priority queues. Diffracting trees are novel data structures that provide ineffective, high throughput and low contention, shared counter construction. Under high loads, their performance has been shown to surpass all known counter implementations. Unfortunately, Diffracting trees of differing depths are optimal forlimited load ranges, and a deep tree that performs well under high load performs rather poorly when the load is very low.
Dual-Band Infrared Video-Based Measurement Using Pulse Wave Maps to Analyze Heart Rate Variability (2018)

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) enables us to capture the vital signs such as pulse rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and even heart rate variability (HRV) without any contact devises. Although the papers of rPPG mainly focus on the use of standard RGB camera, it cannot used for the cases in night or under the dim light conditions. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel noncontact method for monitoring HRV without visible lighting. The proposed method uses dual-band infrared videos to ensure robustness to fluctuations in illumination. The hemoglobin component is extracted via a simple projection from the dual-band pixel values in logarithmic space. We demonstrate the accurate extraction of pulse wave signals using pulse wave maps. As the results, we indicated the effectiveness of HRV monitoring in the situation under the dim light condition.
Development of Software Workflow for the Rapid Detection of Cross-Linked Dipeptides (2022)

Detection and characterization of cross-linked peptides of unknown chemical nature and location is challenging. An analytical workflow based on the use of <sup>18</sup>O-labeling tryptic digestion ( <i>Anal. Chem.</i> 2013, 85, 5900-5908) was previously utilized to identify reduction-resistant scrambled disulfide dipeptides within an IgG that was exposed to light under forced degradation conditions ( <i>Mol. Pharmaceutics</i> 2018, 15, 1598-1606). The analytical workflow denoted as XChem-Finder, while effective, is cumbersome and requires extensive manual effort for detection of <sup>18</sup>O-incorporated peptides and subsequent de novo sequencing of partial peptide sequences to aid in the identification of cross-linked peptides. Here, we provide an automatic workflow using Byos (Protein Metrics Inc.) to facilitate the detection of cross-linked peptides. The LC-MS/MS data files that were subjected to the XChem-Finder workflow that identified the scrambled disulfides were utilized as the test-case data set for the automated <sup>18</sup>O-labeling workflow in Byos. The new workflow resulted in the detection of a photoinduced cross-linked dipeptide with unknown linker chemistry, which was subsequently identified as a cross-linked dipeptide with a novel cysteine-tryptophan (thioether) linkage. This work demonstrates that combining <sup>18</sup>O-labeling tryptic digestion with the Byos workflow enables rapid detection of cross-linked dipeptides.
Cardiac remodelling – Part 1: From cells and tissues to circulating biomarkers. A review from the Study Group on Biomarkers of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2022)

Cardiac remodelling refers to changes in left ventricular structure and function over time, with a progressive deterioration that may lead to heart failure (HF) development (adverse remodelling) or vice versa a recovery (reverse remodelling) in response to HF treatment. Adverse remodelling predicts a worse outcome, whilst reverse remodelling predicts a better prognosis. The geometry, systolic and diastolic function and electric activity of the left ventricle are affected, as well as the left atrium and on the long term even right heart chambers. At a cellular and molecular level, remodelling involves all components of cardiac tissue: cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and leucocytes. The molecular, cellular and histological signatures of remodelling may differ according to the cause and severity of cardiac damage, and clearly to the global trend toward worsening or recovery. These processes cannot be routinely evaluated through endomyocardial biopsies, but may be reflected by circulating levels of several biomarkers. Different classes of biomarkers (e.g. proteins, non-coding RNAs, metabolites and/or epigenetic modifications) and several biomarkers of each class might inform on some aspects on HF development, progression and long-term outcomes, but most have failed to enter clinical practice. This may be due to the biological complexity of remodelling, so that no single biomarker could provide great insight on remodelling when assessed alone. Another possible reason is a still incomplete understanding of the role of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodelling. Such role will be investigated in the first part of this review paper on biomarkers of cardiac remodelling.
Status of the GAF Tornado Reconnaissance System. (1996)

The development of the new reconnaissance pod for the German Air Force is continuing according to schedule. A first flight is planned for the end of 1996. Carried on the centerline station of the IDS Tornado, the pod contains two daylight film cameras and one infra-red linescanner system. The infra-red image is recorded on a digital tape recorder and will also be displayed on the TV-Tabs. The modular structure of the pod exhibits a high flexibility for incorporation of various sensor systems on other payloads.
The Emerging Function of Natural Products as Regulators of miRNAs in Human Diseases (2013)

Dietary components have been implicated in many biological processes, including development, organogenesis, and homeostasis. Dietary intake of specific natural products safely reduces the risk of developing a wide range of human diseases. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which these natural agents function in human health have not been clearly defined. Recent findings have suggested that the dietary intake of natural products contributes to the prevention and treatment of diseases by regulating the RNAi pathway. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the potential of natural products for the treatment of several types of human diseases, which may lead to the development of innovative therapies. In addition, we discuss the potential of novel miRNA-based therapy for diseases using natural products and propose a new aspect of miRNA research involving natural products as miRNA regulators.
Development of a Flow Cytometry-Based Method for Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli and Shigella Spp. Using an Oligonucleotide Probe (2016)

Standard methods to detect Escherichia coli contamination in food use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agar culture plates. These methods require multiple incubation steps and take a long time to results. An improved rapid flow-cytometry based detection method was developed, using a fluorescence-labeled oligonucleotide probe specifically binding a16S rRNA sequence. The method positively detected 51 E. coli isolates as well as 4 Shigella species. All 27 non-E. coli strains tested gave negative results. Comparison of the new genetic assay with a total plate count (TPC) assay and agar plate counting indicated similar sensitivity, agreement between cytometry cell and colony counts. This method can detect a small number of E.coli cells in the presence of large numbers of other bacteria. This method can be used for rapid, economical, and stable detection of E. coli and Shigella contamination in the food industry and other contexts.
CpG in the Immunotherapy of B-Cell Lymphoma. (2005)

Abstract CpG is an immune stimulator that can activate both innate and adaptive immunity. By binding to its receptor, TLR9, CpG can activate dendritic cells and B cells by inducing the secretion of cytokines, and increasing the expression of costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86. In this study, CpG1826, a B type CpG was given intratumorally to BALB/c mice bearing a A20 transplantable B cell lymphoma as a s.c local tumor with accompanying metastatic disease. In this model, CpG alone delayed the growth of tumor, however, the majority of the treated tumor-bearing mice still died. We therefore tested a new therapeutic strategy, a combination of cyclophosphomide (CTX), followed by subsequent intratumoral injection of CpG. The rationale for this strategy is that the danger signals generated by chemotherapy attract the migration of immature DC to the tumor site, and these DCs are activated by subsequent injection of CpG. Our animal studies showed that the combined maneuver can completely regress well-established tumor (Fig.1). The combination of CTX with CpG could cure well-established large size (&amp;gt;1.2cm in diameter) tumors, and the mice remained tumor-free for 5-6 months after the initial treatment. Conversely, the majority of mice that received CTX or CpG alone died of lymphoma. We also showed that this combined effect was CpG injection site dependent, as CTX combined with intratumoral injection of CpG had a much better therapeutic effect (100% survival), as compared to injection of CpG into a distant normal site (20% survival). Our studies also indicated that this combined effect is CD8+T cell dependent, as systemic effects were lost when we repeated this experiment in a CD8+ T cell knockout mouse model. We also showed that CD4+ T-cells and B cells are not required in this system by depleting CD4+ T cells and by using a B cell knockout mouse model. Most importantly, we demonstrated the systemic effect of this combination strategy in mice bearing tumors at two different sites. As shown in Fig. 2, in combination with CTX, injection of one site with CpG controlled the growth of the second site tumor as opposed to a transient anti-tumor effect from chemotherapy or CpG alone. The systemic effect induced by injecting a single tumor site led to significant prolongation of overall survival (p&amp;lt;0.01). In summary, this combined chemoimmunetherapeutic strategy has showed both local and systemic anti-tumor effects, which may be a potent anti-tumor strategy in the clinic. Fig. 1 Fig. 1. Fig. 2 Fig. 2.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF HIGHLY FLUORINATED PHTHALONITRILE RESINS AND CURE STUDIES (1979)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der fluorierten Propanole (I) mit dem perfluorierten Phthalodinitril liefert hauptsächlich die Phenylether (III).
Road-Region Detection by Computing Homography Matrix Using Stereo Images. (2000)

Detecting the road region in an observed image is an important technique for visual navigation of an autonomous vehicle. In this paper, we propose a road detection method using stereo images. The method does not rely on the existence of any specific road painting or texture. Instead, it supposes that a road (or a passable part) can be approximated by a plane. Then, a homography matrix which represents a geometric relation between the road plane and the stereo images can be computed from the stereo images. And the road region can be detected in the observed image by transforming one image by the homography matrix and simple matching. In this method, neither a predetermined geometric relation between the cameras and the road nor a strong camera calibration are necessary. Experimental results with real scenes have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Broad application of a simple and affordable protocol for isolating plant RNA (2015)

Here, we show that this previously published RNA isolation protocol can be easily extended to other plant species without further modification. Due to its simplicity and the use of inexpensive reagents, this protocol is accessible and affordable and can be easily implemented to work on different plant species in laboratories worldwide.