gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional MnO2−Carbon Nanoarchitectures Exhibit Battery and Capacitor Characteristics in Alkaline Electrolytes (2009)

We demonstrate that, when distributed as nanoscale coatings on the walls of carbon nanofoam substrates, manganese oxides exhibit voltammetric signatures in LiOH-containing alkaline electrolytes that are characteristic of either electrochemical capacitors or batteries, depending on the potential range investigated. Pseudocapacitance is observed for positive potential ranges, and ex-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirms that the native layered birnessite MnOx structure is retained as the Mn oxidation state is toggled between 3.72 and 3.43. When the cycling range is extended to more negative potential limits, well-defined reduction and oxidation features are observed, with an associated reversible change in the Mn oxidation state of 0.71 after 25 cycles. For these deep-discharge conditions, high charge-storage capacities are facilitated by the reversible interconversion of birnessite and γ-MnOOH forms of the nanoscale MnOx coating. Solid-state 7Li NMR is used to investigate the role of Li+ from the alkaline electrolyte in enhancing the cycling stability of the MnOx−carbon nanofoam.
X-ray-standing-wave interface studies of germanium on Si(111) (1985)

The position of germanium atoms on a Si(111) (7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7) surface prepared in a molecular-beam-epitaxy system have been established using the characteristic fluorescence generated by x-ray standing waves. For submonolayer coverages germanium occupies both types of (111) lattice sites. Measurements of the germanium position relative to planes inclined to the surface do not support recent stacking-fault models for the Si(111) (7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7) surface.
Enhancement of Activation and Hydrogen Storage Kinetics of TiFe(Mn) Using High-Pressure Sliding (HPS) Process (2023)

A titanium–iron intermetallic with minor addition of manganese (TiFe0.7Mn0.3) was processed by severe plastic deformation through high-pressure sliding (HPS). A rectangular strip sample was embedded in stainless steel and strained under a pressure of 4 GPa at room temperature. The hydrogen storage kinetics and activation of the HPS-processed sample were significantly enhanced in comparison with the as-received ingot without the HPS processing.
Multiple Access Channels (2011)

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Modeling abnormal early development with induced pluripotent stem cells from aneuploid syndromes (2011)

Many human diseases share a developmental origin that manifests during childhood or maturity. Aneuploid syndromes are caused by supernumerary or reduced number of chromosomes and represent an extreme example of developmental disease, as they have devastating consequences before and after birth. Investigating how alterations in gene dosage drive these conditions is relevant because it might help treat some clinical aspects. It may also provide explanations as to how quantitative differences in gene expression determine phenotypic diversity and disease susceptibility among natural populations. Here, we aimed to produce induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines that can be used to improve our understanding of aneuploid syndromes. We have generated iPSCs from monosomy X [Turner syndrome (TS)], trisomy 8 (Warkany syndrome 2), trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) and partial trisomy 11;22 (Emanuel syndrome), using either skin fibroblasts from affected individuals or amniocytes from antenatal diagnostic tests. These cell lines stably maintain the karyotype of the donors and behave like embryonic stem cells in all tested assays. TS iPSCs were used for further studies including global gene expression analysis and tissue-specific directed differentiation. Multiple clones displayed lower levels of the pseudoautosomal genes ASMTL and PPP2R3B than the controls. Moreover, they could be transformed into neural-like, hepatocyte-like and heart-like cells, but displayed insufficient up-regulation of the pseudoautosomal placental gene CSF2RA during embryoid body formation. These data support that abnormal organogenesis and early lethality in TS are not caused by a tissue-specific differentiation blockade, but rather involves other abnormalities including impaired placentation.
20-GS/s 8-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter and 5-GHz Phase Interpolator for Open-Source Synthesizable High-Speed Link Applications (2020)

Using digital standard cells and digital place-and-route (PnR) tools, we created a 20-GS/s, 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for use in high-speed serial link applications with an ENOB of 5.6, a DNL of 0.95 LSB, and an INL of 2.39 LSB, which dissipated 175 mW in 0.102 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 16-nm technology. The design is entirely described in an HDL so that it can be ported to other processes with minimal effort and shared as open source.
Attentive Neural Processes (2019)

Neural Processes (NPs) (Garnelo et al 2018a;b) approach regression by learning to map a context set of observed input-output pairs to a distribution over regression functions. Each function models the distribution of the output given an input, conditioned on the context. NPs have the benefit of fitting observed data efficiently with linear complexity in the number of context input-output pairs, and can learn a wide family of conditional distributions; they learn predictive distributions conditioned on context sets of arbitrary size. Nonetheless, we show that NPs suffer a fundamental drawback of underfitting, giving inaccurate predictions at the inputs of the observed data they condition on. We address this issue by incorporating attention into NPs, allowing each input location to attend to the relevant context points for the prediction. We show that this greatly improves the accuracy of predictions, results in noticeably faster training, and expands the range of functions that can be modelled.
Epistemic Implementation and The Arbitrary-Belief Auction (2012)

In settings of incomplete information we put forward an epistemic framework for designing mechanisms that successfully leverage the players' arbitrary higher-order beliefs, even when such beliefs are totally wrong, and even when the players are rational in a very weak sense. Following Aumann (1995), we consider a player i rational if he uses a pure strategy s_i such that no alternative pure strategy s_i' performs better than s_i in every world i considers possible, and consider him order-k rational if he is rational and believes that all other players are order-(k-1) rational. We then introduce an iterative deletion procedure of dominated strategies and use it to precisely characterize the strategies consistent with the players being order-k rational. We exemplify the power of our framework in single-good auctions by introducing and achieving a new class of revenue benchmarks, defined over the players' arbitrary beliefs, that can be much higher than classical ones, and are unattainable by traditional mechanisms. Namely, we exhibit a mechanism that, for every k greater than or equal to 0 and epsilon>0 and whenever the players are order-(k+1) rational, guarantees revenue greater than or equal to G^k-epsilon, where G^k is the second highest belief about belief about ... (k times) about the highest valuation of some player, even when such a player's identity is not precisely known. Importantly, our mechanism is possibilistic interim individually rational. Essentially this means that, based on his beliefs, a player's utility is non-negative not in expectation, but in each world he believes possible. We finally show that our benchmark G^k is so demanding that it separates the revenue achievable with order-k rational players from that achievable with order-(k+1) rational ones. That is, no possibilistic interim individually rational mechanism can guarantee revenue greater than or equal to G^k-c, for any constant c>0, when the players are only order-k rational.
Directional ZigZag: Neighbor Discovery with Directional Antennas (2014)

We introduce a new neighbor discovery method for wireless nodes with adaptive antennas, called "directional ZigZag." Adaptive antennas are capable of electronically changing their gain pattern and in particular form beams and steer them in arbitrary directions. Despite improving range, this makes neighbor discovery more difficult. We consider three cases; namely, nodes transmit with beamsteering and receive in omni-directional mode (DTOR), transmit with omni-directional antenna and receive with beam- steering (OTDR), and use beamsteering (directional antennas) for both transmitting and receiving (DTDR). We show that directional ZigZag detects the neighbors with vanishing probability of error. Furthermore, it is the first algorithm that requires a discovery period that scales on linearly with the average number of neighbors. This is proven through establishing a connection between ZigZag and message passing decoding.
OUR COUNTRY'S PRESENT URBANIZATION PROCESS (2002)

In recent years, the process of our country's urbanization is much more slowly than that of the industrialization. We can find numerous disadvantages which prevent the development of the urbanization. In fact, urbanization plays a more and more important role in the economic promotion and the society stability. Therefore, we should take effective measures to set up positive urbanization developing strategy and quicken the pace of the process.
Azimuthal anisotropy measurements of strange and multi-strange hadrons in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 193$ GeV at RHIC (2021)

We present systematic measurements of azimuthal anisotropy for strange and multi-strange hadrons ($K^{0}_{s}$, $\Lambda$, $\Xi$, and $\Omega$) and $\phi$-mesons at mid-rapidity ($|y| <$ 1.0) in collisions of U+U nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 193$ GeV, recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Transverse momentum ($p_{\text{T}}$) dependence of flow coefficients ($v_{2}$, $v_{3}$, and $v_{4}$) is presented for minimum bias collisions and three different centrality intervals. The results are obtained using the $\eta$ sub-event plane method. These measurements are compared with the published results from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. Number of Constituent Quark (NCQ) scaling of the measured flow coefficients in U+U collisions is discussed. We also present the ratio of $v_{n}$ scaled by the participant eccentricity ($\varepsilon_{n}\left\lbrace 2 \right\rbrace$) to explore system size dependence and collectivity in U+U collisions. The magnitude of $v_{2}/\varepsilon_{2}$ is found to be smaller in U+U collisions than that in central Au+Au collisions contradicting naive eccentricity scaling. Furthermore, the ratios between various flow harmonics ($v_{3}/v_{2}^{3/2}$, $v_{4}/v_{2}^{4/2}$) are studied as they are sensitive to the properties of the medium and mechanism of hadronization. The measured flow coefficients and the ratios between different flow harmonics are compared with hydrodynamic and transport model calculations.
Egyptian H5N1 Influenza Viruses—Cause for Concern? (2012)

Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses are now enzootic in parts of Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Occasionally, these viruses transmit to humans and cause severe respiratory disease and fatalities. Currently, these viruses are not efficiently transmitted from person to person, although limited human-to-human transmission may have occurred. A major determinant of influenza virus host range is the viral hemagglutinin (HA) protein: avian virus HA binds preferentially to sialic acid linked to the penultimate galactose residue by an α2,3- linkage (Siaα2,3Gal), as found for sialic acid–containing receptors of the epithelial cells in duck intestine, the site of avian influenza virus replication. By contrast, human virus HA has higher affinity for Siaα2,6Gal, the main sialyloligosaccharide on the epithelial cells of the human upper respiratory tract.
Modelling convection-enhanced delivery in normal and oedematous brain (2014)

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) could have clinical applications in the delivery of neuroprotective agents in brain injury states, such as ischaemic stroke. For CED to be safe and effective, a physician must have accurate knowledge of how concentration distributions will be affected by catheter location, flow rate and other similar parameters. In most clinical applications of CED, brain microstructures will be altered by pathological injury processes. Ischaemic stroke and other acute brain injury states are complicated by formation of cytotoxic oedema, in which cellular swelling decreases the fractional volume of the extracellular space (ECS). Such changes would be expected to significantly alter the distribution of neuroprotective agents delivered by CED. Quantitative characterization of these changes will help confirm this prediction and assist in efforts to model the distribution of therapeutic agents. Three-dimensional computational models based on a Nodal Point Integration (NPI) scheme were developed to model infusions in normal brain and brain with cytotoxic oedema. These models were compared to experimental data in which CED was studied in normal brain and in a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model of cytotoxic oedema. The computational models predicted concentration distributions with reasonable accuracy.
A wearable mobility assessment device for total knee replacement: A longitudinal feasibility study (2015)

This study demonstrates a novel, objective method of assessing peri-operative mobility, which could be used to supplement surgical decision-making and facilitate community-based follow-up.
Dependence of the Saturation of Light-Induced Defect Density in a-Si:H on Temperature and Light Intensity (1992)

We studied the temperature and intensity dependence of the saturated density of light-induced defects ( N sat ) in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), established by high-intensity Kr + laser illumination. The saturation value is insensitive to temperature below about 90°C. Above 90°C, N sat drops with increasing temperature. This behavior can be explained within the defect pool model by a limited number of defect sites coupled with the concept of defect equilibrium. The experimental data suggest that the tail states do not direcily affect N sat in device-quality a-Si:H.
Zone-center phonon frequencies for graphite and graphite intercalation compounds: Charge-transfer and intercalate-coupling effects (1987)

The frequencies of several zone-center vibrational modes in graphite have been calculated from first principles, with results in very good agreement with experiment. By studying the effect of charge transfer and lattice-constant change on ${E}_{2g}$-mode frequencies, we find that the systematic stage dependences of both Raman- and infrared-active modes in graphite intercalation compounds can be understood by introducing a coupling to the intercalate of unconventional form.
Epitaxial growth and structure of (La1−xLux)2O3 alloys on Si(111) (2010)

LaLuO 3 layers are epitaxially grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy using high temperature effusion sources. Samples are prepared by simultaneous as well as alternating growth of La2O3 and Lu2O3. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction indicates that the resulting crystal structure of the alloys is cubic. Simultaneous and alternating growth with a monolayer period lead to the same distribution of La and Lu with no preferential ordering. In all cases the lattice mismatch to Si is less than 0.6%. The experimental results are analyzed by studying the energetics of hexagonal, bixbyite, and perovskite (La1−xLux)2O3 crystal structures employing density functional theory.
Separation of β 2 ‐microglobulin conformers by high‐field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (2004)

An investigation into the use of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the differentiation of co-populated protein conformers has been conducted on the amyloidogenic protein beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m). Accumulation of beta(2)m in vivo can result in the deposition of insoluble fibrils whose formation is thought to originate from partially folded protein conformers; hence, the folding properties of beta(2)m are of significant interest. We have analysed beta(2)m using ESI-FAIMS-MS under a range of pH conditions and have studied the effect of the ion mobility spectrometry parameters on the behaviour of the various protein conformers. The data show that different protein conformers can be detected and analysed by ESI-FAIMS-MS, the results being consistent with observations of pH denaturation obtained using complementary biophysical techniques. A variant of beta(2)m with different folding characteristics has been analysed for comparison, and the distinctions observed in the data sets for the two proteins are consistent with their folding behaviour. ESI-FAIMS-MS offers significant opportunities for the study of the conformational properties of proteins and thus may present valuable insights into the roles that different conformers play in diseases related to protein folding.
Nano-scale Cu direct bonding using ultra-high density Cu nano-pillar (CNP) for high yield exascale 2.5/3D integration applications (2016)

We propose nano-scale Cu direct bonding technology using ultra-high density Cu nano-pillar (CNP) with for high stacking yield exascale 2.5D/3D integration. We clarified the joining mechanism of nano-scale Cu direct bonding using CNP. Nano-scale Cu pillar easily bond with Cu electrode by re-crystallization of CNP due to the solid phase diffusion and by morphology change of CNP to minimize interfacial energy at relatively lower temperature and pressure compared to conventional micro-scale Cu direct bonding. We confirmed for the first time that 4.3 million electrodes per die are successfully connected in series with the joining yield of 100%. The joining resistance of CNP bundle with 80μm height is around 30 mΩ for each pair of 10μm electrode diameter. Normalized capacitance of CNP bundle with 80μm height is 0.2 fF per μm wire length.
Performance study for off-grid self-backhauled small cells in dense informal settlements (2014)

Urban (and suburban) informal settlements in emerging markets will be the fastest growing population hotspots in the next few decades. This presents a significant challenge in delivery of services, including affordable mobile Internet access. Operator-led upgrades through network densification (rollout of additional operator-maintained sites) are difficult to sustain in those areas due to low revenues, lack of fixed lines, energy scarcity, insecurity, and so on. This calls for alternative approaches in mobile network upgrades and operation. In this paper, we present capacity enhancement approach using user-deployed shared-access small cells in the dense informal settlements. To that end, we consider leveraging macro Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks to backhaul High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) small cells. As a case study, we present comparative network simulations based on an example informal settlement. The results of the study highlight the possibilities for cost-effective capacity upgrades for users in dense settlements for even a limited number of unplanned end-user small deployments and self-backhauling via existing macro sites. In the study, we also note possible system performance enhancements of the small cell backhaul link through improved antenna design, scaling of carrier bandwidth and introduction of traffic steering across HSPA and LTE layers.
Role of the Raf Signal Transduction Pathway in Fos/Jun Regulation and Determination of Cell Fates (2017)

Raf kinases are essential for induced growth and several developmental pathways. These enzymes function by activating a protein kinase cascade that culminates in the phosphorylation of oncogene class transcription factors while simultaneously integrating pathways of energy metabolism. As there are many growth factors that regulate Raf kinases, activated growth factor receptors such as the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor make contact with a large number of cellular candidate second messenger proteins. Fos and Jun and most of their regulators were originally identified as oncogenes. Identification of the signal transduction pathways involved in relieving negative regulation of Fos and Jun family members awaits further investigation. The dominant negative mutant of c-Jun strongly inhibited the establishment of transformation by representatives of all classes of oncogenes, as judged from two types of focus reduction assays, cotransfection, and virus titration.
Abstract OT1-16-01: A multicenter phase II study of vaccines to prevent recurrence in patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer (2022)

Abstract Background: HER2-positive breast cancer patients are commonly treated with neoadjuvant therapy including HER2-targeted therapy. Patients who have residual invasive disease have less favorable outcomes with an increased risk of recurrent disease than patients with complete pathologic response (pCR). It has also been observed that these non-pCR patients have low or absent anti-HER-2 CD4 Th1 responses. We hypothesized that correcting the anti-HER-2 CD4 Th1 response using vaccines will increase interferon gamma production which we have shown is a potent inducer of apoptosis and senescence in HER2-positive breast cancer. This study will be evaluating safety and immunogenicity of two vaccines (multivalent anti-oncodriver DNA vaccine (WOKVAC) or HER-2-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine (DC1)). Methods: This is a multi-center, phase 2, randomized study to determine the safety and tolerability of HER2 vaccines (DC1 and WOKVAC), assess immunogenicity, and evaluate recurrence free survival. Patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer (stage I-III) are eligible if they have residual invasive disease in the breast or axilla at surgery after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus HER2 -targeted therapy. Patients are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 1 of 2 adjuvant HER2 vaccines, either DC1 or WOKVAC for 1 year. A permuted-block randomization scheme was used with stratification according to residual cancer burden (RCB) (1+2 vs 3). The primary end points are safety and immunogenicity (immune response rate measured by ELISPOT). Each treatment arm will be assessed separately. Any statistical comparison between arms is purely exploratory, as this study is neither designed nor powered for comparative hypotheses. Secondary endpoints include recurrence-free survival. Exploratory analyses include the assessment of prognostic and predictive biomarkers including circulating tumor cells, serum HER2 levels, and other immune markers. The enrollment began in 2018 and we plan to accrue the total of 110 patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03384914 Citation Format: Hyo S Han, Mary Disis, Robert Wesolowski, Carla Fisher, Shipra Gandhi, Nancy Chan, William Gwin, Keerthi Gogineni, Rosemarie Mick, Christina Sierra Rodriguez, Deanna Hogue, Hien Liu, Ricardo Costa, Brian Czerniecki. A multicenter phase II study of vaccines to prevent recurrence in patients with HER-2 positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-16-01.