gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface modification of biomaterials with water-soluble polymers: A steric repulsion approach (1992)

Blood compatibility of biomaterials can be improved by surface modification with water-soluble polymers such as albumin and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). On dimethyldichlorosilane-treated glass (DDS-glass), albumin was effective in preventing platelet activation when adsorbed tightly to the surface, remained flexible, and covered the surface completely. This suggests that the adsorbed albumin prevents platelet adhesion and activation by the steric repulsion mechanism. PEO-rich surfaces were prepared by physical adsorption and covalent grafting of PEO/poly(propylene oxide) (PPO)/PEO triblock copolymers (Pluronics$\sp\circler$). Physically adsorbed Pluronics were effective in preventing protein adsorption and platelet adhesion when tightly bound to the surface with 56 or more propylene oxide (PO) residues. When adsorbed tightly to the surface, 19 ethylene oxide (EO) residues in Pluronics were as effective as 129 EO residues. Tight surface binding of Pluronic F-68 (76/30/76) to DDS-glass was achieved by covalent to the surface through $\gamma$-irradiation. When grafted in bulk solution, a crosslinked Pluronic hydrogel formed after 2.3 Mrads of irradiation. Platelet adhesion and activation was minimum on the Pluronic F-68-grafted DDS-glass. $\sp{125}$I-labeled Pluronic F-68 and F-108 were adsorbed on DDS-glass as a function of bulk Pluronic concentration. When adsorbed at room temperature, the surface Pluronic F-68 concentration increased to a maximum of 0.30 $\mu$g/cm$\sp2$ and then decreased. The surface Pluronic F-108 concentration, however, increased up to a plateau of about 4.0 $\mu$g/cm$\sp2$. Peak III/I and excimer/monomer ratios of pyrene suggested that Pluronics self-associated at higher bulk concentration. Pluronic F-68 aggregates had poor affinity for DDS-glass. At 37$\sp\circ$C and 50$\sp\circ$C, however, Pluronic F-68 adsorption increased to 0.5 $\mu$g/cm$\sp2$. It is thought that Pluronic aggregates were able to adsorb onto DDS-glass due to increased hydrophobic interactions at higher temperatures. In addition to improving blood compatibility, surface modification can also be used in other applications such as prevention of protein adsorption in purification, packaging, and administration of protein drugs.
Free-space optics wavelength selection: 10 µm versus shorter wavelengths[Invited] (2003)

Here I address the many inquiries about 10-µm free-space optics (FSO) performance compared with that of shorter wavelengths. The growing interest in better understanding FSO weather effects is the result of carrier requests as well as recent progress in analyzing fog effects on FSO signal propagation. Extensive studies in modeling fog and simulating FSO attenuations revealed the complexity behind estimating FSO link availability in a given geographical location. There are many different types of fog that are inhomogeneous along the propagation path. Each type is characterized by water-droplet size and concentration; these parameters are used in Mie scattering theory to compute FSO signal attenuation. As a result, some vendors are augmenting their FSO links with a microwave backup link or simply investigating other wavelengths claimed to be more resistant to fog such as 10 µm. Here I analyze ways to improve FSO link availability, 10-µm improvement compared with shorter wavelengths, and challenges behind successful microwave backup installation.
Do Pluripotent Stem Cells Exist in Adult Mice as Very Small Embryonic Stem Cells? (2013)

Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) isolated from bone marrow (BM) have been reported to be pluripotent. Given their nonembryonic source, they could replace blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cells in research and medicine. However, their multiple-germ-layer potential has been incompletely studied. Here, we show that we cannot find VSELs in mouse BM with any of the reported stem cell potentials, specifically for hematopoiesis. We found that: (1) most events within the "VSEL" flow-cytometry gate had little DNA and the cells corresponding to these events (2) could not form spheres, (3) did not express Oct4, and (4) could not differentiate into blood cells. These results provide a failure to confirm the existence of pluripotent VSELs.
Different Topologies of Active EMI/Ripple Filters for Automotive DC/DC Converters (2005)

Newer models of vehicles employ an increasing number of critical and luxury electrical loads. Multi converter systems including AC/DC and DC/DC converters will be utilized in vehicles that will produce high frequency ripple and noise and will increase the electromagnetic interference. In this paper, different topologies of active ripple filters are introduced and discussed. Different topologies for current sensors, current injectors, and voltage injectors are also explained. The results of the experimental setup for two topologies are presented and compared with the results of passive filters.
Differential activation of adipogenesis by multiple PPAR isoforms. (1996)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor expressed predominantly in adipose tissue, where it plays a central role in the control of adipocyte gene expression and differentiation. Because there are two additional PPAR isoforms, PPARalpha and PPARdelta, and these are also expressed at some level in certain adipose depots, we have compared directly the adipogenic potential of all three receptors. Ectopically expressed PPARgamma powerfully induces adipogenesis at a morphological and molecular level in response to a number of PPARgamma activators. PPARalpha is less adipogenic but is able to induce significant differentiation in response to strong PPARalpha activators. Expression and activation of PPARdelta did not stimulate adipogenesis. Of the three PPARs, only PPARgamma can cooperate with C/EBPalpha in the promotion of adipogenesis. To begin to investigate the functional basis for the differential adipogenic activity of the PPAR isoforms, we have examined their ability to bind to several PPAR DNA response sequences. Compared with PPARalpha and PPARdelta, PPARgamma shows preferential binding to two well-characterized regulatory sequences derived from a fat-specific gene, ARE6 and ARE7. These data strongly suggest that PPARgamma is the predominant receptor regulating adipogenesis; however, they also suggest that PPARalpha may play a role in differentiation of certain adipose depots in response to a different set of physiologic activators or in certain disease states.
Relationship between Conductivity, Ion Diffusion, and Transference Number in Perfluoropolyether Electrolytes (2016)

International audience
The Cult of the Pure Land of Maitreya in Paekche and Silla in the Three Kingdoms Period (2015)

Although the cult of Amitābha was the representative form of Pure Land belief in Korean Buddhism after the Unified Silla period, this form of belief and worship was not seen in the Three Kingdoms period when the cult of Maitreya flourished. It was understood that even the Pure Land where the Buddha resides was related to the cult of Maitreya. Although all of the Three Kingdoms display features of the cult of Maitreya, there are significant differences between Koguryŏ, Paekche, and Silla with respect to the characteristics of the Pure Land of Maitreya. In the case of Koguryŏ, such things as Tuṣita Heaven and assemblies under the dragon flower tree, which are found in the Maitreya sūtras, became the faith in the Pure Land of Maitreya. In Paekche and Silla, however, the features of a belief system in Tuṣita Heaven or assemblies under a dragon flower tree in the distant future are not seen. Rather, both states believed that Maitreya would appear in their own countries in the present and the characteristics of a belief in the manifestation of the Pure Land in the present, in which Maitreya will come and go frequently, are seen.
The Relationship of Intrapsoas Nerves During a Transpsoas Approach to the Lumbar Spine (2010)

Study Design A cadaveric study. Objective To define the relationship of the lumbar exiting nerve root and trunks within the psoas muscle with reference to the radiographic center of the intervertebral disc, the recommended disc access point for the minimally invasive lateral transpsoas approach. Summary of Background Data The transpsoas approach to the lumbar intervertebral body disc is a minimally invasive approach used for interbody fusion. This approach carries the potential risk of injury to the intrapsoas nerves. There are no published studies investigating the locations of the intrapsoas neural elements with reference to the transpsoas access corridor developed during minimally invasive lateral approaches to the disc. Methods Ten human cadaveric specimens were analyzed. A guide wire was placed in each disc space center under lateral fluoroscopic guidance as has been recommended for disc access in the transpsoas fusion technique. Using calipers, the distances from the exiting nerve and trunk to the wire were measured. Results In general, the nerve trunk was a mean of 14 mm posterior to the center of the disc and was a mean of 5 mm closer to the center of the disc than the exited nerve. The trunks were closer to the center of the disc caudally in the lumbar spine, with the distance ranging from a mean of 16.4 mm at L2-3 to 10.6 mm at the L4-5 level. The intrapsoas location of the exited nerve was less variable and was greater than 15 mm from the projected center of the disc. At L4-5, the trunk approximated the center of the disc in 15% of specimens. Conclusion This study suggests that the intrapsoas nerves are a safe distance from the radiographic center of the intervertebral disc in a majority of cases; however, anatomic variations in the location of these nerves place them at injury risk in a small number of cases. These results suggest that neural monitoring whereas traversing the psoas may be important to enhance the safety of the transpsoas approach. Care is particularly warranted at the L4-5 level.
Residues in the Distal Heme Pocket of Neuroglobin (2004)

Amino acid residues in the ligand binding pocket of human neuroglobin have been identified by site-directed mutagenesis and their properties investigated by resonance Raman and flash photolysis methods. Wild-type neuroglobin has been shown to have six-coordinate heme in both ferric and ferrous states. Substitution of His96 by alanine leads to complete loss of heme, indicating that His96 is the proximal ligand. The resonance Raman spectra of M69L and K67T mutants were similar to those of wild-type (WT) neuroglobin in both ferric and ferrous states. By contrast, H64V was six-coordinate high-spin and five-coordinate high-spin in the ferric and ferrous states, respectively, at acidic pH. The spectra were pH-dependent and six-coordinate with the low-spin component dominating at alkaline pH. In a double mutant H64V/K67T, the high-spin component alone was detected in the both ferric and the ferrous states. This implies that His64 is the endogenous ligand and that Lys67 is situated nearby in the distal pocket. In the ferrous H64V and H64V/K67T mutants, the nu(Fe-His) stretching frequency appears at 221 cm(-1), which is similar to that of deoxymyoglobin. In the ferrous CO-bound state, the nu(Fe-CO) stretching frequency was detected at 521 and 494 cm(-1) in WT, M69L, and K67T, while only the 494 cm(-1) component was detected in the H64V and H64V/K67T mutants. Thus, the 521 cm(-1) component is attributed to the presence of polar His64. The CO binding kinetics were biphasic for WT, H64V, and K67T and monophasic for H64V/K67T. Thus, His64 and Lys67 comprise a unique distal heme pocket in neuroglobin.
Reconstruction of Human Body Pose and Appearance Using Body-Worn IMUs and a Nearby Camera View for Collaborative Egocentric Telepresence (2023)

We envision a future in which telepresence is available to users any-time and anywhere, enabled by sensors and displays embedded in accessories worn daily, such as watches, jewelry, belt buckles, shoes, and eyeglasses. We present a collaborative approach to 3D reconstruction that combines a set of IMUs worn by a target person with an external view from another nearby person wearing an AR headset, used for estimating the target person's body pose and reconstructing their appearance, respectively.
Improvement of DNA Immobilized Latex for the Purification of Transcription Factors. (1991)

転写制御因子を分離精製するためのDNA固定粒子を作製する研究において, 本報ではその機能の向上をめざし, 粒子の構造, DNA結合法の検討を行った. スチレン-グリシジルメタクリレート (GMA) 共重合体粒子をシード粒子としてシード重合を行い, 表面がGMAで被覆された粒子を作製した. 粒子と特異的塩基配列を持つDNA鎖とを混ぜ50℃にて24時間反応させることにより, DNA鎖を粒子に固定した. 粒子表面のエポキシ環とDNAの塩基のアミノ基とを直接反応させる方法はCNBr法より高い結合量を示した. さらに, DNA鎖の末端突出塩基数をT4 DNAポリメラーゼで調節することにより結合量を上げることができた. 改良したDNA固定粒子はタンパク質の非特異的吸着が少なく, 転写制御因子の一つであるB4TF3を従来法の粒子より数倍高い収量で効率よく分離・精製できた.
Three-dimensional racetrack memory devices designed from freestanding magnetic heterostructures (2022)

The fabrication of three-dimensional nanostructures is key to the development of next-generation nanoelectronic devices with a low device footprint. Magnetic racetrack memory encodes data in a series of magnetic domain walls that are moved by current pulses along magnetic nanowires. To date, most studies have focused on two-dimensional racetracks. Here we introduce a lift-off and transfer method to fabricate three-dimensional racetracks from freestanding magnetic heterostructures grown on a water-soluble sacrificial release layer. First, we create two-dimensional racetracks from freestanding films transferred onto sapphire substrates and show that they have nearly identical characteristics compared with the films before transfer. Second, we design three-dimensional racetracks by covering protrusions patterned on a sapphire wafer with freestanding magnetic heterostructures. We demonstrate current-induced domain-wall motion for synthetic antiferromagnetic three-dimensional racetracks with protrusions of up to 900 nm in height. Freestanding magnetic layers, as demonstrated here, may enable future spintronic devices with high packing density and low energy consumption.
Corrections to “On the Separability of Parallel MISO Broadcast Channels Under Partial CSIT: A Degrees of Freedom Region Perspective” (2020)

In <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> , reference [26] was incorrect. Reference [26] should be as follows: E. Piovano and B. Clerckx, “Optimal DoF region of the K-user MISO BC with partial CSIT,” <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IEEE Commun. Lett</i> ., vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 2368–2371, Nov. 2017.
Rapid quantitative profiling of complex microbial populations (2006)

Diverse and complex microbial ecosystems are found in virtually every environment on earth, yet we know very little about their composition and ecology. Comprehensive identification and quantification of the constituents of these microbial communities--a 'census'--is an essential foundation for understanding their biology. To address this problem, we developed, tested and optimized a DNA oligonucleotide microarray composed of 10,462 small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probes (7167 unique sequences) selected to provide quantitative information on the taxonomic composition of diverse microbial populations. Using our optimized experimental approach, this microarray enabled detection and quantification of individual bacterial species present at fractional abundances of <0.1% in complex synthetic mixtures. The estimates of bacterial species abundance obtained using this microarray are similar to those obtained by phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA sequences from the same samples--the current 'gold standard' method for profiling microbial communities. Furthermore, probes designed to represent higher order taxonomic groups of bacterial species reliably detected microbes for which there were no species-specific probes. This simple, rapid microarray procedure can be used to explore and systematically characterize complex microbial communities, such as those found within the human body.
Composite trust in networked multi-agent systems (2012)

Trust plays a crucial role in the analysis, synthesis and operation of the integrated system consisting of social-cognitive, information and communication networks. Multi-agent systems and associated coalition operations, which involve two or more organizations, further augment the diversity and complexity of network interactions. Trust and its derivative notions affect dramatically the networked coalition operations. A substantial part of the research challenge has to do with the multitude of meanings, interpretations, symbolisms and mathematical models used to represent and analyze trust. In this paper, we introduce value directed graphs with weighted nodes as our model for composite trust. We extend the value directed graph with weighted nodes composite trust model to include not only numerical weights, but also constraints. We show that the semiring-based constraint satisfaction problem (SCSPs) framework can serve as the unified model to investigate trust relation establishment.
Assembly: Optical‐Tweezers Assembly‐Line for the Construction of Complex Functional Zeolite L Structures (Adv. Mater. 38/2012) (2012)

Holographically shaped light fields can be employed to create highly ordered structures of various kinds of microscopic and nanoscopic particles. M. Woerdemann and co-workers demonstrate on page 5199 an opticaltweezers assembly-line that utilizes such light fields in combination with microfluidics and colloidal interactions to construct complex and functional assemblies of Zeolite L crystals, which exhibit exciting photonic properties.
On a Ratio of Functions of Exponential Random Variables and Some Applications (2010)

Consider L independent and identically distributed exponential random variables (r.vs) X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ,...,X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> and positive scalars b <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , b <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ,...,b <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> . In this letter, we present the probability density function (pdf), cumulative distribution function and the Laplace transform of the pdf of the composite r.v Z = (Σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(j=1)</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(Σ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(j=1}</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sup> b <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> X <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ). We show that the r.v Z appears in various communication systems such as i) maximal ratio combining of signals received over multiple channels with mismatched noise variances, ii) M-ary phase-shift keying with spatial diversity and imperfect channel estimation, and iii) coded multi-carrier code-division multiple access reception affected by an unknown narrow-band interference, and the statistics of the r.v Z derived here enable us to carry out the performance analysis of such systems in closed-form.
Chromate based ceramic anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (2023)

The disclosure relates to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode materials that comprise various compositions of chromate based oxide materials. These materials offer high conductivity achievable at intermediate and low temperatures and can be used to prepare the anode layer of a SOFC. A method of making a low- or intermediate-temperature SOFC having an anode layer comprising a chromate based oxide material is also provided.
SESKA groundwater cooling: borefield design theory and concepts (2014)

Executive Summary: Groundwater cooling is an appropriate and sustainable heat rejection technology for the Pawsey Supercomputer Centre. It makes use of the local Mullaloo aquifer system which is able to provide cool groundwater at high and reliable flow rates, and is readily able to accept water warmed by excess heat. This report has considered a range of engineered pumping system designs and has identified a pumping layout that provides maximum longevity and flexibility of thermal performance with minimal capital requirements for borefield construction. The basic design involves production-injection well doublets. Flow net analysis has shown that shielding wells placed between production and injection wells provide a useful buffer against thermal breakthrough which promotes longevity of heat rejection. Hydrothermal simulations indicate that shielded configurations reduce or delay thermal breakthroughs and hence provide greater energy efficiencies for groundwater cooling systems as compared to unshielded configurations, but at the capital expense of extra injection wells and pipe runs. Based on the findings above it is recommended that the Pawsey groundwater cooling system be designed using a twin-doublet layout with two extra shielding wells (6 wells in total).
Optimization of neutron diffraction from phase-gratings (2018)

The recent development of phase-grating moiré neutron interferometry promises a wide range of impactful experiments from dark-field imaging of material microstructure to precise measurements of fundamental constants. However, the contrast of 3 % obtained using this moiré interferometer was well below the theoretical prediction of 30 % using ideal gratings. It is suspected that non-ideal aspects of the phase-gratings was a leading contributor to this deficiency and that phase-gratings needed to be quantitatively assessed and optimized. Here we characterize neutron diffraction from phase-gratings using Bragg diffraction crystals to determine the optimal phase-grating orientations. We show well-defined diffraction peaks and explore perturbations to the diffraction peaks and the effects on interferometer contrast as a function of grating alignment. This technique promises to improve the contrast of the grating interferometers by providing in-situ aides to grating alignment.