gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-Density Measurements in an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma (1965)

Electron density in an electron cyclotron-heated plasma is determined by two methods. The first is by perturbation of the resonant frequency of fundamental modes of the cavity in which the plasma is contained. It is seen that for the TEL in (L &amp;gt; 0) class of modes, the resonant frequency increases, decreases and then increases as electron density is increased. The second method utilizes microwave transmission cutoff as the steady-state density of the plasma is such that the plasma frequency of the electrons exceeds the transmitted signal frequency.
Effect of In Vivo Physical Interaction of the Ascending Aorta and Main Pulmonary Artery on Postnatal Surface Growth Patterns in Ovine (2011)

Congenital abnormalities of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and ascending aorta (AA) often necessitate surgical repair or the use of a valved conduit replacement, requiring multiple re-interventions due to regurgitation or failure of the prosthetic conduit. In recent years there has been a growing interest in the development of a living autologous tissue graft that could address the critical need for growing substitutes in the repair of congenital cardiovascular defects [1]. Regardless of the particulars of the therapeutic approach, the detailed growth characteristics of the native artery is required to establish the baseline dimensional changes post-implantation. During normal embryogenesis the Truncus Arteriosus begins to split and form into the anterior pulmonary artery and the posterior aorta [2]. Due to their common embryologic origin from a single outflow tract, there are disease conditions that originate in one artery and eventually affect both arteries [3]. Therefore, the postnatal growth deformation of both the MPA and AA was computed to quantify the effects of the mechanical association of these two arteries.
Automatic fundus image classification for computer-aided diagonsis (2009)

With the advances of computer technology, more and more computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed to provide the "second opinion". This paper reports an automatic fundus image classification technique that is designed to screen out the severely degraded fundus images that cannot be processed by traditional CAD systems. The proposed technique classifies fundus images based on the image range property. In particular, it first calculates a number of range images from a fundus image at different resolutions. A feature vector is then constructed based on the histogram of the calculated range images. Finally, fundus images can be classified by a linear discriminant classifier that is built by learning from a large number of normal and abnormal training fundus images. Experiments over 644 fundus images of different qualities show that the classification accuracy of the proposed technique reaches above 96%.
Dynamic Time-Resolved Contrast-Enhanced Two-Dimensional MR Projection Angiography of the Pulmonary Circulation: Standard Technique and Clinical Applications (2002)

The analysis of the findings on dynamic time-resolved contrast-enhanced two-dimensional MR projection angiography shows that this technique is useful not only in revealing morphologic changes associated with pulmonary disorders but also in following the passage of the bolus through the cardiopulmonary circulation. The latter capability allows qualitative detection of normal or abnormal pathways and thus is potentially of value in the assessment of several pulmonary disorders.
Highly Sensitive and Cost‐Effective Polymeric‐Sulfur‐Based Mid‐Wavelength Infrared Linear Polarizers with Tailored Fabry–Pérot Resonance (2022)

Inverse-vulcanized polymeric sulfur has received considerable attention for application in waste-based infrared (IR) polarizers with high polarization sensitivities, owing to its high transmittance in the IR region and thermal processability. However, there have been few reports on highly sensitive polymeric sulfur-based polarizers by replication of pre-simulated dimensions to achieve a high transmission of the transverse magnetic field (T<sub>TM</sub> ) and extinction ratio (ER). Herein, a 400-nanometer-pitch mid-wavelength infrared bilayer linear polarizer with self-aligned metal gratings is introduced on polymeric sulfur gratings integrated with a spacer layer (SM-polarizer). The dimensions of the SM-polarizer can be closely replicated using pre-simulated dimensions via a systematic investigation of thermal nanoimprinting conditions. Spacer thickness is tailored from 40 to 5100 nm by adjusting the concentration of polymeric sulfur solution during spin-coating. A tailored spacer thickness can maximize T<sub>TM</sub> in the broadband MWIR region by satisfying Fabry-Pérot resonance. The SM-polarizer yields T<sub>TM</sub> of 0.65, 0.59, and 0.43 and ER of 3.12 × 10<sup>3</sup> , 5.19 × 10<sup>3</sup> , and 5.81 × 10<sup>3</sup> at 4 µm for spacer thicknesses of 90, 338, and 572 nm, respectively. This demonstration of a highly sensitive and cost-effective SM-polarizer opens up exciting avenues for infrared polarimetric imaging and for applications in polarization manipulation.
Suppl. Figure S10 from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S10: Clinical data of orthologic slice cultures&lt;/p&gt;
Inorganic guiding template implementation for DSA contact hole shrink process (Conference Presentation) (2018)

CH (Contact hole) patterning by DSA (Directed Self-Assembly) of BCP (Block Copolymer) is still attracting interest from the semiconductor industry for its CH repair and pitch multiplication advantages in sub-7nm nodes. For several years, extensive studies on DSA CH patterning have been carried out and significant achievements have been reported in materials and process optimization, CMOS integration and design compatibility and advanced characterization [1-4]. According to these studies, if a common agreement was clearly made for the use of PS-b-PMMA material as a potential candidate for DSA CH patterning integration in advanced nodes, the associated guiding template material was not yet selected and is still under investigation. Whereas the most reported guiding template materials for DSA PS-b-PMMA CH patterning are organic-based (resist or organic hard mask), we propose in this work to investigate a DSA process based on inorganic template material (silicon oxide based). Indeed, this latter offers some advantages over organic template: better surface affinity control, higher thermal stability during BCP self-assembly annealing, easier 3D-morphology imaging of DSA patterns and the possibility of wafer rework after the DSA step. The inorganic template based DSA process was first optimized using the planarization approach [5]. We demonstrated that the silicon oxide thickness should be properly adjusted to allow a good control of the BCP thickness over different guiding template densities. Afterwards, we compared the DSA performances (critical dimension: CD; CD uniformity: CDU, contact misalignment and defectivity) between both inorganic and organic template approaches. Equivalent results were obtained as shown in Figure 1. Finally, we demonstrated that inorganic template allows the rework of DSA wafers: similar CD and CDU for both guiding and DSA patterns were obtained after 3 cycles of rework (Figure 2).
Deep subnanosecond spin torque switching in magnetic tunnel junctions with combined in-plane and perpendicular polarizers (2011)

We show that adding a perpendicular polarizer to a conventional spin torque memory element with an in-plane free layer and an in-plane polarizer can significantly increase the write speed and decrease the write energy of the element. We demonstrate the operation of such spin torque memory elements with write energies of 0.4 pJ and write times of 0.12 ns.
S-EDCA: EDCA based on SuperSlot and Pseudo Collision (2006)

The IEEE 802.11e EDCA mechanism cannot guarantee the QoS of high-priority traffic as the bandwidth consumption of low-priority traffic increases. Also, the existence of high priority traffic undermines link utilization of low priority traffic. To solve these problems, we propose the S-EDCA scheme that extends IEEE 802.11e EDCA by introducing a SuperSlot and Pseudo Collision. Compared to IEEE 802.11e EDCA , S-EDCA has two advantages: (a) Higher priority traffic achieves QoS regardless of the amount of low priority traffic, and (b) Low priority traffic experiences a higher throughput with the same amount of high priority traffic.
Pigeon Paramyxovirus: Association with Common Avian Pathogens in Chickens and Serologic Survey in Wild Birds (2005)

Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) was isolated from pigeons from east-central Alabama and used in association with chicken anemia virus (CAV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), or finch Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in specific-pathogen-free chickens to assess dinical disease and pathology. PPMV-1 infection in all groups was conducted at day 10 of age via the ocular route. The low passage PPMV-1 isolate was inoculated into chickens in different groups at 10 days post-CAV infection, 6 days post-IBDV infection, and 6 days post-finch MG infection, respectively. Additionally, to obtain information on the status of paramyxovirus infection in the wild bird population of the region, we used a multispecies competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit to assess serum samples from 180 wild birds representing 24 species obtained throughout 2001. Mild respiratory signs characterized by sneezing were observed in PPMV-1-infected chicks. In the brain, PPMV-1 caused disseminated vasculitis in the neuropile and meninges, sometimes with small foci of gliosis. Most brains had only mild lesions. In the upper respiratory tract, lesions were confined to the larynx and proximal trachea as hyperplasia of laryngeal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. In the lung, PPMV-1 caused minimal to moderate multifocal interstitial pneumonia. Lymphocytic expansion occurred in the interstitium of the Harderian gland. PPMV-1 in the spleen caused expansion of the white pulp as a result of hypertrophy of the macrophages in the periarteriolar sheaths accompanied by lymphocytic hyperplasia at the periphery. No severe aggravation of either signs or lesions could be attributed to any of the avian pathogens used in association with PPMV-1. The serologic survey in wild birds showed antibody levels that were considered negative or doubtful. Interestingly, significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean titers were observed during the months of October and November 2001, following closely multiple PPMV-1 episodes of mortality in wild collard doves in northwestern Florida.
Parametrization of an in-silico circulatory simulation by clinical datasets – towards prediction of ventricular function following assist device implantation (2017)

The model improves understanding and prediction of the interaction between pump and ventricles. Future modifications in exporting and merging routinely assessed real time hemodynamic patient data are necessary to investigate various clinical and pathological conditions of LVAD recipients.
Effect of vacuum ultraviolet and ultraviolet Irradiation on capacitance-voltage characteristics of low-k-porous organosilicate dielectrics (2010)

High frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements are used to determine the effects of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on defect states in porous low-k organosilicate (SiCOH) dielectrics. The characteristics show that VUV photons depopulate trapped electrons from defect states within the dielectric creating trapped positive charge. This is evidenced by a negative shift in the flat-band voltage of the C-V characteristic. UV irradiation reverses this effect by repopulating the defect states with electrons photoinjected from the silicon substrate. Thus, UV reduces the number of trapped positive charges in the dielectric and can effectively repair processing-induced damage.
Glucosylceramide synthase regulates adipo‐osteogenic differentiation through synergistic activation of PPARγ with GlcCer (2019)

Dysregulation of the adipo-osteogenic differentiation balance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are common progenitor cells of adipocytes and osteoblasts, has been associated with many pathophysiologic diseases, such as obesity, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Growing evidence suggests that lipid metabolism is crucial for maintaining stem cell homeostasis and cell differentiation; however, the detailed underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and its synthase, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), are key determinants of MSC differentiation into adipocytes or osteoblasts. GCS expression was increased during adipogenesis and decreased during osteogenesis. Targeting GCS using RNA interference or a chemical inhibitor enhanced osteogenesis and inhibited adipogenesis by controlling the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Treatment with GlcCer sufficiently rescued adipogenesis and inhibited osteogenesis in GCS knockdown MSCs. Mechanistically, GlcCer interacted directly with PPARγ through A/B domain and synergistically enhanced rosiglitazone-induced PPARγ activation without changing PPARγ expression, thereby treatment with exogenous GlcCer increased adipogenesis and inhibited osteogenesis. Animal studies demonstrated that inhibiting GCS reduced adipocyte formation in white adipose tissues under normal chow diet and high-fat diet feeding and accelerated bone repair in a calvarial defect model. Taken together, our findings identify a novel lipid metabolic regulator for the control of MSC differentiation and may have important therapeutic implications.
High-power 1320-nm wafer-bonded VCSELs with tunnel junctions (2003)

A new long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure is described that utilizes AlGaAs-GaAs mirrors bonded to AlInGaAs-InP quantum wells with an intracavity buried tunnel junction. This structure offers complete wavelength flexibility in the 1250-1650 nm fiber communication bands and reduces the high free-carrier losses and bonded junction voltage drops in previous devices. The intracavity contacts electrically bypass the bonded junctions to reduce threshold voltage. N-type current spreading layers and undoped AlGaAs mirrors minimize optical losses. This has enabled 134/spl deg/C maximum continuous-wave lasing temperature, 2-mW room-temperature continuous-wave single-mode power, and 1-mW single-mode power at 80/spl deg/C, in various devices in the 1310-1340 nm wavelength range.
Self-assembled quaternary complexes from designed polypeptides, organic polymers and human Carbonic Anhydrase II : implications for high-affinity screening of small molecule libraries in drug discovery (2006)

Self-assembled quaternary complexes from designed polypeptides, organic polymers and human Carbonic Anhydrase II : implications for high-affinity screening of small molecule libraries in drug discovery
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Goniocin and Cyclogoniodenin T. Unique Biosynthetic Implications. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cilansetron hydrochloride monohydrate, modification A (monoclinic) (2002)

The absolute configuration of the monoclinic form of the title compound, (−)-5,6,9,10-tetra­hydro-10-[(2-methyl-1H-imid­a­zol-1-yl)­methyl]-4H-pyrido­[3,2,1-jk]­carbazol-11(8H)-one mono­hydro­chloride monohydrate, C20H22N3O+·Cl−·H2O, was established as R at the asymmetric carbon adjacent to the carbonyl function. This form [cf. the orthorhombic form; Jones et al. (2003). Acta Cryst. E59, o41–o43] involves two independent formula units with different ring conformations of the six-membered N-heterocycle, and somewhat different orientations of the imidazole ring. Each independent formula unit forms a helical hydrogen-bonded chain of alternating water and chloride residues; the cations are hydrogen bonded laterally to the chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1‐MERCAPTO CANNABINOIDS (1976)

Abstract Die Cannabinoide (I) werden in die entsprechenden O‐Arylthiocarbamate (II) übergeführt, die thermisch in die S‐Arylthiocarbamate (III) umgelagert werden.
Disrupting porcine glutaminase does not block preimplantation development and elongation nor decrease mTORC1 activation in conceptuses (2021)

Elongation of pig conceptuses is a dynamic process, requiring adequate nutrient provisions. Glutamine is used as an energy substrate and is involved in the activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) during porcine preimplantation development. However, the roles of glutamine have not been extensively studied past the blastocyst stage. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to determine if glutaminase (GLS), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in glutamine metabolism, was necessary for conceptus elongation to proceed and was involved in mTORC1 activation. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to induce loss-of-function mutations in the GLS gene of porcine fetal fibroblasts. Wild type (GLS+/+) and knockout (GLS-/-) fibroblasts were used as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer, and GLS+/+ and GLS-/- blastocyst-stage embryos were transferred into surrogates. On day 14 of gestation, GLS+/+ conceptuses primarily demonstrated filamentous morphologies, and GLS-/- conceptuses exhibited spherical, ovoid, tubular, and filamentous morphologies. Thus, GLS-/- embryos were able to elongate despite the absence of GLS protein and minimal enzyme activity. Furthermore, spherical GLS-/- conceptuses had increased abundance of transcripts related to glutamine and glutamate metabolism and transport compared to filamentous conceptuses of either genotype. Differences in phosphorylation of mTORC1 components and targets were not detected regarding conceptus genotype or morphology, but abundance of two transcriptional targets of mTORC1, cyclin D1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha was increased in spherical conceptuses. Therefore, porcine GLS is not essential for conceptus elongation and is not required for mTORC1 activation at this developmental timepoint.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Decreases Collagen Synthesis of Keloid Fibroblasts and Attenuates the Extracellular Matrix on the Keloid Spheroid Model (2015)

These results suggest that the antifibrotic action of heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors such as 17-AAG may have therapeutic effects on keloids.
Near-field images of the AgOx-type super-resolution near-field structure (2001)

As a promising disk structure for ultrahigh density optical data storage, super-resolution near-field structure of AgOx type has been studied by the tapping-mode tuning-fork near-field scanning optical microscope as well as the transmission electron microscope. This structure presents strong near-field intensity enhancement and nonlinear optical effect, compared with the ordinary material. Numerical calculations confirm that the localized surface plasmon and the nonuniform material structures are the main causes for these unusual characteristics.
Random walks in a supply network (2003)

This paper presents a power grid analyzer based on a random walk technique. A linear-time algorithm is first demonstrated for DC analysis, and is then extended to perform transient analysis. The method has the desirable property of localizing computation, so that it shows massive benefits over conventional methods when only a small part of the grid is to be analyzed (for example, when the effects of small changes to the grid are to be examined). Even for the full analysis of the grid, experimental results show that the method is faster than existing approaches and has an acceptable error margin. This method has been applied to test circuits of up to 2.3M nodes. For example, for a circuit with 70K nodes, the solution time for a single node was 0.42 sec and the complete solution was obtained in 17.6 sec.
3D roof details by 3D aerial vision (2011)

Virtual cities in a 3D GIS will not be complete without the details of roofs with chimneys, dormer windows, skylights. We contribute a method of extracting such details from digital large format aerial photography. The dense point clouds produced by a photogrammetric process produce major and minor plane surfaces of a roof and enter into a classification of its superstructures. In real city data with a total of 1312 superstructures the proposed automated process finds 1024, thus achieving success at a rate of 78%.
Addressing biosignal data sharing security issues with robust watermarking (2014)

One of the most important infrastructure requirements in the domain of remote health monitoring BASNs is the secure collection and dissemination of the user's medical data. Data security desiderata in this application domain are not limited to ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of medical data that has been logged to a data sink. Requirements also arise from the need to provide the data owner (BAN user / patient) and the data consumers (healthcare providers, insurance companies, medical research facilities) secure control over the data as it is shared between these various stakeholders. Here, we study a robust watermarking technique to embed security information into biosignal data such that the semantic fidelity of the data is unaffected, while simultaneously ensuring that the watermark is not easily erased or corrupted by malicious data consumers. In doing so, we address three use-cases: proof of ownership, wherein the data owner can prove that she/he is the originator of the data; data tracking, wherein the data owner can trace unauthorized sharing of her/his biosignal data; and content authentication, wherein the data owner can prove whether the biosignal data has been maliciously altered. Based on experimentally collected datasets from a gait-stability monitoring BASN, we show that the embedding of 800 bit watermarks can be achieved robustly and effectively, with near-imperceptible changes to the signal waveform and no loss in the the signal's diagnostic quality.
Transplantation Diagnostics: A Preliminary Analysis Using Protein Microarray to Determine Kidney Status Prior To and Following Implantation (2004)

The need for enhanced transplant diagnostics is reflected in the numbers of unused organs as indicated by the United Network for Organ Sharing. We hypothesize that the number and quality of organs for transplant could be greatly enhanced with the inclusion of proteomic analysis. To test this prospect, we utilized the surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight system (SELDI-TOF), to identify phenomic fingerprints of porcine kidney flush solution collected following cold preservation and post-transplant protein lysates from human kidney transplant urine samples. Effluent flush solution from porcine kidneys statically stored under hypothermic conditions for 6 days yielded novel protein peaks in the 7350-15,950-Da range from day 1 to day 3 of storage, and peak intensification from day 4 to day 6. Comparison of donor (pre-transplant) and recipient (post-transplant) cellular protein extracts collected from urine samples demonstrated several peaks of differing intensities between 11,997 and 64,005 Da. The increases in peak intensity observed 0-48 h post-transplant decreased to donor levels by 72 h. These results suggest the feasibility of SELDI-TOF for protein profiling of organ flush solution pre-transplant and cellular urinary component samples post-transplant to identify biomarkers reflective of organ status. The rapid, quantitative qualities of protein profiling suggests ProteinChip microarrays will provide a novel method of clinical assessment of transplantation feasibility and success.