gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Active Dissolved Wafer Process (ADWP) for Integrating single Crystal Si MEMS with CMOS Circuits (2002)

Abstract − This paper presents a fabrication tech-nology for the integration of single crystal Si microstructures with on-chip circuitry. It is a dissolved wafer technique that combines an electro-chemical etch-stop for the protection of circuitry with an impurity-based etch-stop for the microstructures, both of which are defined in an n-epi layer on a p-type Si wafer. A CMOS op. amp. has been integrated with p++ Si accelerometers using this process. It has a gain of 68 dB and an output swing within 0.2 V of its power supplies, unaffected by the wafer dissolution. The accelerometers have 3 µm thick suspension beams and 15 µm thick proof masses. The structural and electrical integrity of the fabricated devices demonstrates the success of the fabrication process. A variety of lead transfer methods are shown, and process details are discussed.
Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Separation (2006)

Capture and secure 90% of CO 2 emissions from new power plants with no more than 10% increase in the cost of energy services by 2012.
Systems biology-guided identification of synthetic lethal gene pairs and its potential use to discover antibiotic combinations (2015)

Abstract Mathematical models of metabolism from bacterial systems biology have proven their utility across multiple fields, for example metabolic engineering, growth phenotype simulation and biological discovery. The usefulness of the models stems from their ability to compute a link between genotype and phenotype, but their ability to accurately simulate gene-gene interactions has not been investigated extensively. Here we assess how accurately a metabolic model for Escherichia coli computes one particular type of gene-gene interaction, synthetic lethality and find that the accuracy rate is between 25% and 43%. The most common failure modes were incorrect computation of single gene essentiality and biological information that was missing from the model. Moreover, we performed virtual and biological screening against several synthetic lethal pairs to explore whether two-compound formulations could be found that inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. One set of molecules was identified that, depending on the concentrations, inhibits E. coli and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in an additive or antagonistic manner. These findings pinpoint specific ways in which to improve the predictive ability of metabolic models and highlight one potential application of systems biology to drug discovery and translational medicine.
Safety and Efficacy of Holmium: Yag Laser Lithotripsy in Patients With Bleeding Diatheses (2002)

Upper tract urinary calculi in patients with uncorrected bleeding diathesis can be safely managed by contemporary small caliber ureteroscopes and the holmium laser as the only modality of lithotripsy. Ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy without preoperatively correcting hemostatic parameters limits the risk of thromboembolic complications and costs associated with an extended hospital stay. Avoiding electrohydraulic lithotripsy is crucial for decreasing bleeding complications in this cohort of patients.
Compressing Piecewise Smooth Multidimensional Functions Using Surflets: Rate-Distortion Analysis (2004)

Discontinuities in data often represent the key information of interest.Efficient representations for such discontinuities are important for many signal processing applications, including compression, but standard Fourier and wavelet representations fail to efficiently capture the structure of the discontinuities.These issues have been most notable in image processing, where progress has been made on modeling and representing one-dimensional edge discontinuities along C 2 curves.Little work, however, has been done on efficient representations for higher dimensional functions or on handling higher orders of smoothness in discontinuities.In this paper, we consider the class of N -dimensional Horizon functions containing a C K smooth singularity in N -1 dimensions, which serves as a manifold boundary between two constant regions; we first derive the optimal rate-distortion function for this class.We then introduce the surflet representation for approximation and compression of Horizon-class functions.Surflets enable a multiscale, piecewise polynomial approximation of the discontinuity.We propose a compression algorithm using surflets that achieves the optimal asymptotic rate-distortion performance for this function class.Equally important, the algorithm can be implemented using knowledge of only the N -dimensional function, without explicitly estimating the (N -1)dimensional discontinuity.
Microtubules and lymphocyte responses: Effect of colchicine and taxol on mitogen‐induced human lymphocyte activation and proliferation (1983)

The role of microtubules in mitogen-induced human lymphocyte activation and proliferation was examined. The effect of colchicine, a microtubule-disrupting agent, was compared with taxol, a microtubule-stabilizing drug, and with isaxonine (N-isopropyl-amino-2-pyrimidine orthophosphate), a proposed microtubular-active drug. Lymphocyte proliferation, assessed by measuring the increase in the number of cells in mitogen-stimulated cultures, was completely suppressed by both colchicine and taxol (100 nM) whereas significant inhibition by isaxonine required much higher concentrations (5 mM). In order to characterize the inhibition, initial lymphocyte blast transformation and subsequent DNA synthesis were investigated. Neither colchicine nor taxol inhibited lymphocyte blast transformation assessed by quantitating the change in volume of the stimulated cells after a 24-hour incubation. In contrast, isaxonine (2-5 mM) suppressed blast transformation. Initial DNA synthesis, evaluated by measuring the cumulative incorporation of [3H]thymidine between 30 and 48 hours of culture, was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by both isaxonine and colchicine but not by taxol. Electron microscopic studies confirmed that both taxol and colchicine (10 nM) arrested the responding lymphocytes in mitosis, and that isaxonine inhibited initial activation. These results suggest that normal microtubule function is only necessary for cell division and that drug effects on blast transformation and initial DNA synthesis are unrelated to microtubules.
The TAT Protein Transduction Domain as an Intra-articular Drug-Delivery Technology (2020)

Abstract Objective Intra-articular drug delivery holds great promise for the treatment of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the TAT peptide transduction domain (TAT-PTD) as a potential intra-articular drug delivery technology for synovial joints. Design Experiments examined the ability of TAT conjugates to associate with primary chondrocytes and alter cellular function both in vitro and in vivo . Further experiments examined the ability of the TAT-PTD to bind to human osteoarthritic cartilage. Results The results show that the TAT-PTD associates with chondrocytes, is capable of delivering siRNA for chondrocyte gene knockdown, and that the recombinant enzyme TAT-Cre is capable of inducing in vivo genetic recombination within the knee joint in a reporter mouse model. Lastly, binding studies show that osteoarthritic cartilage preferentially uptakes the TAT-PTD from solution. Conclusions The results suggest that the TAT-PTD is a promising delivery strategy for intra-articular therapeutics.
Human factors and linguistic considerations (1980)

With a keyboard and supporting system developed at Cornell University, input methods used to identify ideographs are adaptations of well-known schemes; innovation is in the addition of automatic machine selection of ambiguously identified characters.The unique feature of the Cornell design is that a certain amount of intelligence has been built into the machine. This allows an operator to take advantage of the fact that about 60% of Chinese characters in text are paired with other characters to form two-syllable compounds or phrase words. In speech and writing these pairings eliminate about 95% of the ambiguities created by ambiguously identified syllables.
Uncertainty-based Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Robust Radar Tracking (2022)

Nowadays, Deep Learning (DL) methods often overcome the limitations of traditional signal processing approaches. Nevertheless, DL methods are barely applied in real-life applications. This is mainly due to limited robustness and distributional shift between training and test data. To this end, recent work has proposed uncertainty mechanisms to increase their reliability. Besides, meta-learning aims at improving the generalization capability of DL models. By taking advantage of that, this paper proposes an uncertainty-based Meta-Reinforcement Learning (Meta-RL) approach with Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection. The presented method performs a given task in unseen environments and provides information about its complexity. This is done by determining first and second-order statistics on the estimated reward. Using information about its complexity, the proposed algorithm is able to point out when tracking is reliable. To evaluate the proposed method, we benchmark it on a radar-tracking dataset. There, we show that our method outperforms related Meta-RL approaches on unseen tracking scenarios in peak performance by 16% and the baseline by 35% while detecting OOD data with an F1-Score of 72%. This shows that our method is robust to environmental changes and reliably detects OOD scenarios.
Effect of bromotrifluoromethane and trifluoromethane on laminar jet diffusion flames in normal and microgravity (1996)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996.
Endovascular stenting for treatment of an adult patient with pulmonary artery stenosis with 1-year follow-up (1996)

This report describes the occurrence of symptomatic proximal left main pulmonary artery stenosis in a 58-yr-old man that was successfully treated with endovascular stenting with 1-yr follow-up. The technique and pitfalls of this procedure are described. Endovascular stenting provided a well-tolerated, nonsurgical approach to alleviating isolated pulmonary artery stenosis in this patient.
Loss of HER2 Amplification Following Trastuzumab-Based Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy and Survival Outcomes (2009)

High pCR rates are achieved in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab in combination with anthracyclines and taxanes. One third of patients with significant residual disease loses HER2 amplification, and this change is associated with poor RFS. Residual tumor identified at the time of surgery should be reassessed for HER2 status, and novel adjuvant therapy strategies need to be studied in this population.
Reactions of the (2-Pyridyl) Pyrrolide Platinum(II) Complex Driven by Sterically Encumbered Chelation: A Model for the Reversible Attack of Alcohol at the Coordinated Carbon Monoxide (2008)

Treatment of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2-(2'-pyridyl)pyrrole (fpyroH) with Pt(DMSO)2Cl2 and Na2CO3 in THF solution gave a light-yellow complex denoted as [Pt(fpyro)2] (1). A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study on 1 revealed a large conformational distortion around the platinum(II) center, which is attributed to interligand repulsion between the pyridyl groups and the CF3 substituents of the nearby pyrrolides. Reaction of 1 with N- and C-donor ligands such as acetonitrile, pyridine, isocyanide, and CO affords the adducts [Pt(fpyro)2(L)], L = NCMe (2), pyridine (3), CNBut (4), and CO (5), showing formation of one monodentate fpyro ligand by release of the strain energy. The variable-temperature 1H NMR studies showed a static structure for the N-substituted adducts 2 and 3, whereas the C-adducts 4 and 5 are shown to be more labile, displaying a pairwise exchange of bidentate and monodentate fpyro ligands in solution. Addition of ethanol to the coordinated CO in 5 during recrystallization is also established, affording an ethoxycarbonyl complex [Pt(fpyro)(fpyroH)(CO2Et)] (6), which was isolated as a crystalline solid and can be readily converted back to 5 and free ethanol upon dissolution at room temperature.
Increasing Production and Reserves in a Mature Field with Hydraulic Fracturing by Combining Fracture Pressure Analysis, Pressure Transient Analysis, and Rate Transient Analysis (2015)

Abstract Even as new discoveries are developed and produced, substantial additional reserves can be secured by enhancing recovery from mature fields. It is known that one of the most cost-effective ways to revitalize mature fields is to institute an efficient workover program. These programs can be more effective because of the implementation of fracturing/refracturing techniques for unlocking new pay intervals or putting back on production existing, nonproducing stages. Fracture stimulation is commonly used to increase the production and improve the economics of oil and gas fields worldwide. In many cases, however, if the average production increase justifies the hydraulic fracture, very little effort is made to optimize the treatments. Further economic gains can be achieved through the optimization of the hydraulic fracturing process by improving the fracture model calibration and better understanding of reservoir parameters. This is particularly true in mature fields where the fracture geometry understanding is critical to avoid contacting a water zone or a gas cap in some cases. Also, sometimes there is an impact on the reserves determined by decline curve analysis (DCA) after the fracturing treatment. The analysis of the fracturing model through pressure interpretation or fracture pressure analysis (FPA) provides powerful tools not only for understanding and improving the fracturing design parameters, but also for better understanding the reservoir parameters. On the other hand, reservoir transmissibility, a variable of significant importance in hydraulic fracturing design and production evaluation (PE), is frequently unknown because candidate wells either do not flow or pretreatment pressure transient tests are not available. The after-closure analysis (ACA), the component of the FPA in the after-closure region, allows for the identification of linear and radial flow and the determination of reservoir transmissibility and pressure from injection testing. The reservoir parameters determined with this method can be verified by comparison with results obtained from conventional well testing or pressure transient analysis (PTA) and rate transient analysis (RTA). This paper presents a detailed analysis and comparison of the reservoir parameters obtained by FPA, PTA, and RTA in block 60 (Sacha field), a mature field located in the Oriente basin operated by Operaciones Rio Napo CEM. The three techniques have been integrated for reservoir modeling in a moderately permeable, underpressure, black oil sandstone reservoir allowing not only increasing the production but also the reserves in the hydraulically fractured wells.
In situ Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Polluted Soils by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) (2011)

Time-saving, low-cost analyses of soil contamination are required to ensure fast and efficient pollution removal and remedial operations. In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been successfully applied to in situ analyses of polluted soils, providing direct semi-quantitative information about the extent of pollution. A field campaign has been carried out in Brittany (France) on a site presenting high levels of heavy metal concentrations. Results on iron as a major component as well as on lead and copper as minor components are reported. Soil samples were dried and prepared as pressed pellets to minimize the effects of moisture and density on the results. LIBS analyses were performed with a Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, 60 mJ per 10 ns pulse, at a repetition rate of 10 Hz with a diameter of 500 μm on the sample surface. Good correlations were obtained between the LIBS signals and the values of concentrations deduced from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). This result proves that LIBS is an efficient method for optimizing sampling operations. Indeed, "LIBS maps" were established directly on-site, providing valuable assistance in optimizing the selection of the most relevant samples for future expensive and time-consuming laboratory analysis and avoiding useless analyses of very similar samples. Finally, it is emphasized that in situ LIBS is not described here as an alternative quantitative analytical method to the usual laboratory measurements but simply as an efficient time-saving tool to optimize sampling operations and to drastically reduce the number of soil samples to be analyzed, thus reducing costs. The detection limits of 200 ppm for lead and 80 ppm for copper reported here are compatible with the thresholds of toxicity; thus, this in situ LIBS campaign was fully validated for these two elements. Consequently, further experiments are planned to extend this study to other chemical elements and other matrices of soils.
Cellulesnatural killeret immunité innée contre le paludisme (2006)

Innate immune response against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), a causative agent of human malaria, is the result of several thousand years of co-evolution between the parasite and his host. An early IFN-gamma production during infection is associated with a better evolution of the disease. Natural killer (NK) cells are among the first cells in peripheral blood to produce IFN-gamma in response to Pf-infected erythrocytes (Pf-E). NK cells are found in blood, in secondary lymphoid organs as well as in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues. They participate in host innate responses that occur upon viral and intracytoplasmic bacterial infections, but also during the course of tumor development and allogeneic transplantation. These lymphocytes are not only important players of innate effector responses, but also participate in the initiation and development of adaptive immune responses. In addition, direct sensing of Pf infection by NK cells induces their production of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8, suggesting a role for NK cells in the recruitment and the activation of other cells during malaria infection. Several other cell subsets are involved in the innate immune response to Pf. Dendritic cells, macrophages, gamma delta T cells, NKT cells are able to sense the presence of the parasite. Along this line, the presence of IL-12 is necessary to NK cell IFN-gamma production and a functional cooperation takes place between macrophages and NK cells in the context of this parasitic infection. In particular, IL-18 produced by macrophages is a key factor for this NK response. However, the molecular basis of Pf-E recognition by NK cells as well as the functional role of NK cell responses during the course of the disease remain to be adressed.
Broad-Band Dual-Frequency Microstrip Patch Antenna With Modified Sierpinski Fractal Geometry (2004)

A dual-frequency antenna based on the Sierpinski fractal with two parasitic patches to enhance the impedance bandwidth is presented. An electrical circuit model formed by RLC resonators is proposed to learn about the antenna physical behavior and to achieve the dual band operation minimizing a trial-and-error numerical/measurement proofs. The antenna has been designed using a method of moment commercial code and has been experimentally tested, obtaining two bands with a broad bandwidth and similar radiation patterns.
The Next Evolution of HemoDialysis eXpanded: From a Delphi Questionnaire-Based Approach to the Real Life of Italian Dialysis Units (2022)

Our investigation gathered a significant degree of consensus on the beneficial role of MCO membrane and expanded HD. Finally, we used our results to propose future trial designs and clinical investigations aimed to improve evidence quality about the use of these membranes in the present clinical scenario of dialysis units.
Regret of Queueing Bandits (2016)

We consider a variant of the multiarmed bandit problem where jobs queue for service, and service rates of different servers may be unknown. We study algorithms that minimize queueregret: the (expected) difference between the queue-lengths obtained by the algorithm, and those obtained by a “genie”-aided matching algorithm that knows exact service rates. A naive view of this problem would suggest that queue-regret should grow logarithmically: since queue-regret cannot be larger than classical regret, results for the standard MAB problem give algorithms that ensure queue-regret increases no more than logarithmically in time. Our paper shows surprisingly more complex behavior. In particular, the naive intuition is correct as long as the bandit algorithm’s queues have relatively long regenerative cycles: in this case queue-regret is similar to cumulative regret, and scales (essentially) logarithmically. However, we show that this “early stage” of the queueing bandit eventually gives way to a “late stage”, where the optimal queue-regret scaling is O(1/t). We demonstrate an algorithm that (order-wise) achieves this asymptotic queue-regret, and also exhibits close to optimal switching time from the early stage to the late stage.
Outgassing characteristics of acetal resists for 157-nm lithography investigated by time-resolved measurement (2004)

Effect of protecting groups to outgassing characteristics of F<sub>2</sub> resists was investigated by using <i>in-situ</i> quadrupole mass spectrometry. The base polymers employed were protected fluorocyclic polymers (FCPs). The protecting groups employed were methoxymethyl (MOM), <i>t</i>-butoxycarbonyl (<i>t</i>-BOC), methoxyethoxymethyl (MOEOM), <i>n</i>-hexanoxymethyl (HOM), and neopentanoxymethyl (NOM) groups. Mass spectra of outgassed species were measured by quadrupole mass spectrometer in the exposure of FCPs with and without photoacidgenerators (PAGs). Kinetic traces of mass spectral intensity were also measured with regard to some noteworthy outgassed species related to deblocking reactions of protecting groups. In the exposure of FCP-HOM with PAGs and FCP-NOM with PAGs, one of the outgassed species related to deblocking reactions are mainly produced only during exposure although that kind of outgassed species originate from irradiated FCP-MOM with PAGs, FCP-MOEOM with PAGs, and FCP-t-BOC with PAGs not only during exposure but also after exposure. Some outgassed species related to the deblocking reactions after exposure are depressed by selecting appropriate protecting groups.
Measurement of total and differential W + W − production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings (2016)

The production of W boson pairs in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV is studied using data corresponding to 20.3 fb -1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The W bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decays into electrons or muons and neutrinos. Events with reconstructed jets are not included in the candidate event sample. A total of 6636 W W candidate events are observed. Measurements are performed in fiducial regions closely approximating the detector acceptance. The integrated measurement is corrected for all acceptance effects and for the W branching fractions to leptons in order to obtain the total W W production cross section, which is found to be 71.1 1.1(stat) +5.7 -5.0 (syst) 1.4(lumi) pb. This agrees with the next-to-next-to-leading-order Standard Model prediction of 63.2 +1.6 -1.4 (scale)1.2(PDF) pb. Fiducial differential cross sections are measured as a function of each of six kinematic variables. The distribution of the transverse momentum of the leading lepton is used to set limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings.