gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yb(OTf)3-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of β-Lactams from Silyl Ketene Thioacetals by a Two- or a Three-Component Reaction (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTYb(OTf)3-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of β-Lactams from Silyl Ketene Thioacetals by a Two- or a Three-Component Reaction†Rita Annunziata, Mauro Cinquini, Franco Cozzi, Valentina Molteni, and Olaf SchuppView Author Information Centro C.N.R. and Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 23, 8293–8296Publication Date (Web):November 15, 1996Publication History Received7 May 1996Published online15 November 1996Published inissue 15 November 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo960844uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo960844ubrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Chemical reactions,Condensation,Mixtures,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Lentiviral vector-mediated stable expression of sTNFR-Fc in human macrophage and neuronal cells as a potential therapy for neuroAIDS (2011)

These results demonstrate that lentiviral vector mediated expression of sTNFR-Fc may have potential as a novel therapy for neuroAIDS.
Novel metal gates for high κ applications (2013)

The development of gate systems suitable for high κ dielectrics is critical to the advancement of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Both the effective work function and material stability are key parameters to these systems. A systematic study of metal gates of the composition HfxSi1-x (0.25 ≤ x ≤ 1) is demonstrated here, including XPS, XRD and four point probe measurements. The effective work function of each material is evaluated and it is shown that it can be tuned from 4.5 to less than 4.0 eV. Suitable work functions for n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor applications (4.05 ± 0.2 eV) were achieved using hafnium rich compositions; however, XPS and diffraction measurements confirmed that these materials demonstrated a high propensity to oxidise, causing the reduction of the underlying oxides, making them unsuitable for commercial application.
ENTERYX® Procedure (2005)

Purpose: To evaluate GERD symptoms and treatment satisfaction prior to and 12 months following the ENTERYX Procedure. Methods: Patients with GERD, responsive to PPIs participated in two ongoing post-market studies to evaluate treatment outcomes with the ENTERYX Procedure. GERD symptoms (Velanovich GERD-HRQL) and treatment satisfaction were assessed at baseline on PPIs and months 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 post-procedure. Treatment satisfaction regarding symptom control, relief, freedom to eat and drink, sleep improvement, and overall rating was assessed using a GERD-specific questionnaire. Paired t-tests comparing baseline and follow-up scores were performed for evaluable patients. Results: 59% (202/343), and 18% (61/343) of patients have completed 6 and 12-month follow-up respectively. Mean age is 49 ± 13.2 years; 49% of patients is male. Prior to treatment, mean GERD-HRQL score for the 199 patients with 6-month follow-up was 19.7 compared to 9.6 at 6 months (p < 0.05;95% CI: 8.6,11.5). For the 60 patients with 12-month follow-up, mean baseline GERD-HRQL score was 20.6 compared to 13.0 at 12 months (p < 0.05;95% CI: 4.5,10.8). Treatment satisfaction results are presented below. Conclusions: Interim data from these ongoing post-market studies suggest that following ENTERYX, patients are more satisfied with treatment benefits and have improved GERD symptoms as compared to baseline on PPIs.Table: No Caption available.
A Capture-Based Technique for Enhancing RNA-Seq Analyses of Bacterial Transcriptomes During In Vitro and In Vivo Infections. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Cellular and humoral immune parameters among patients with retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal disorders (1984)

Patients with retinitis pigmentosa, other retinal degenerations and a group of normal volunteers were included in a masked study designed to examine the existence of autoimmune reactions toward retinal antigens and the possible defect in lymphokine production (IL-1, IL-2 and gamma interferon). The results obtained did not show any specific anamnestic response to the retinal S-Ag nor any outstanding defect in gamma interferon production by the lymphocytes of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. It is suggested that a larger masked study be conducted as soon as possible in order to clarify these aspects of immune aberrations in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
Osteocytic oxygen sensing controls bone mass through epigenetic regulation of sclerostin (2018)

Preservation of bone mass is crucial for healthy ageing and largely depends on adequate responses of matrix-embedded osteocytes. These cells control bone formation and resorption concurrently by secreting the WNT/β-catenin antagonist sclerostin (SOST). Osteocytes reside within a low oxygen microenvironment, but whether and how oxygen sensing regulates their function remains elusive. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the oxygen sensor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) 2 in osteocytes results in a high bone mass phenotype, which is caused by increased bone formation and decreased resorption. Mechanistically, enhanced HIF-1α signalling increases Sirtuin 1-dependent deacetylation of the Sost promoter, resulting in decreased sclerostin expression and enhanced WNT/β-catenin signalling. Additionally, genetic ablation of PHD2 in osteocytes blunts osteoporotic bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency or mechanical unloading. Thus, oxygen sensing by PHD2 in osteocytes negatively regulates bone mass through epigenetic regulation of sclerostin and targeting PHD2 elicits an osteo-anabolic response in osteoporotic models.
Characterization and Modeling Magnetorheological By-Pass Porous Damper Exploiting Flow Through a Porous Media (2006)

A magnetorheological (MR) fluid bypass damper exploiting flow through porous media is developed utilizing a valve filled with porous media instead of regular uniform channels to adaptively regulate damping force. The MR damper includes a cylinder containing an MR fluid, a movable piston and a bypass valve. The bypass valve filled with porous media is used to provide a magnetically energizable passageway. A stationary magnetic coil is wrapped around the bypass valve, isolated from the MR fluid and external to the device. The axis of the bypass valve is collinear with the center of the magnetic coil such that the magnetic flux return guide of the coil can be either empty (air) or any high permeability steel material which provides flexibility for damper design. The damper is applied with sinusoidal excitations. Equivalent viscous damping is used to characterize the damper. It is shown that the MR damper exploiting flow through porous media can provide high controllable damping force using a compact damper configuration. To describe the behavior of the MR damper, the flow path in the porous media is considered as a multiple-pipe system. Using quantitative and empirical analysis of the magnetic and rheological properties of MR fluid flowing through the porous media in the bypass valve, the controllable damping performance of the damper is well predicted using the model, and the force-displacement hysteresis behavior of the damper can also be described by the analytical model. The model is validated by the experimental data at different frequencies and applied currents.
Nanoscaled Metal Borides and Phosphides: Recent Developments and Perspectives (2013)

International audience
Membrane‐permeable Triphosphate Prodrugs of Nucleoside Analogues (2016)

Abstract The metabolic conversion of nucleoside analogues into their triphosphates often proceeds insufficiently. Rate‐limitations can be at the mono‐, but also at the di‐ and triphosphorylation steps. We developed a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) delivery system (Tri PPP ro‐approach). In this approach, NTPs are masked by two bioreversible units at the γ‐phosphate. Using a procedure involving H‐phosphonate chemistry, a series of derivatives bearing approved, as well as potentially antivirally active, nucleoside analogues was synthesized. The enzyme‐triggered delivery of NTPs was demonstrated by pig liver esterase, in human T‐lymphocyte cell extracts and by a polymerase chain reaction using a prodrug of thymidine triphosphate. The Tri PPP ro‐compounds of some HIV‐inactive nucleoside analogues showed marked anti‐HIV activity. For cellular uptake studies, a fluorescent Tri PPP ro‐compound was prepared that delivered the triphosphorylated metabolite to intact CEM cells.
Measurement of antiproton production from antihyperon decays in $${p} \textrm{He}$$ collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\scriptscriptstyle \mathrm NN}} =110$$ $$\,\text {Ge\hspace{-1.00006pt}V}$$ (2023)

Abstract The interpretation of cosmic antiproton flux measurements from space-borne experiments is currently limited by the knowledge of the antiproton production cross-section in collisions between primary cosmic rays and the interstellar medium. Using collisions of protons with an energy of 6.5 $$\,\text {Te\hspace{-1.00006pt}V}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>Te</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>V</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> incident on helium nuclei at rest in the proximity of the interaction region of the LHCb experiment, the ratio of antiprotons originating from antihyperon decays to prompt production is measured for antiproton momenta between 12 and $$110\,\text {Ge\hspace{-1.00006pt}V\!/}c $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>110</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>Ge</mml:mtext> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mtext>V\!/</mml:mtext> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The dominant antihyperon contribution, namely $${\overline{\varLambda }} \rightarrow {\overline{{p}}} {{\pi } ^+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>π</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> decays from promptly produced $$\overline{\varLambda }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> particles, is also exclusively measured. The results complement the measurement of prompt antiproton production obtained from the same data sample. At the energy scale of this measurement, the antihyperon contributions to antiproton production are observed to be significantly larger than predictions of commonly used hadronic production models.
Flavors and Fragrances, 1. General Aspects (2015)

The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Definition 3. Physiology 4. Natural, Nature-Identical, and Artificial Products. 5. Sensory Properties and Structure 6. Volatility . 7. Threshold Concentration 8. Odor Description 9. Analytical Methods/Quality Control 10. Safety Evaluation and Legal Aspects 10.1. Flavoring Substances 10.2. Fragrance Materials
The Halogen Bond (2016)

The halogen bond occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. In this fairly extensive review, after a brief history of the interaction, we will provide the reader with a snapshot of where the research on the halogen bond is now, and, perhaps, where it is going. The specific advantages brought up by a design based on the use of the halogen bond will be demonstrated in quite different fields spanning from material sciences to biomolecular recognition and drug design.
Functional connectivity of the language area in migraine: a preliminary classification model (2023)

Although our small sample size demands caution, our preliminary findings demonstrate the utility of our method in providing a network-based perspective to diagnosis and treatment of migraine.
A Cross-Domain Multiprocessor System-on-a-Chip for Embedded Real-Time Systems (2010)

GENESYS Multiprocessor System-on-a-Chip (MPSoC) is the building block of a generic platform for the component-based development of embedded real-time systems in different domains, such as in automotive, aerospace, industrial control, and consumer-electronic applications. The GENESYS MPSoC offers a stable set of domain-independent core services (e.g., common time, message-based communication, and configuration). On top of the core services, higher level services can be implemented by domain-independent and domain-specific system components that customize the platform to the needs of the specific application domain. Through its cross-domain applicability, the GENESYS MPSoC supports the wide reuse of components and realizes the benefits of the economies of scale of the semiconductor technology. Furthermore, the GENESYS MPSoC contributes towards the solution of prevalent technological challenges such as complexity management, robustness, and technology obsolescence. This paper presents the GENESYS MPSoC and provides insights from a prototype implementation, which demonstrates that such a cross-domain MPSoC can be built with today's technology.
Tuning chirality in photonic metamaterials with semiconductor quantum dots (2009)

It has been shown recently that the classical phenomenon of optical activity, which is traditionally associated with chirality (helicity) of organic molecules, proteins and inorganic structures, can be observed in artificial planar media which exhibit neither 3D nor 2D chirality and called this effect "extrinsic chirality". This paper investigates a photonic metamaterial consisting of a regular array of nanoscale asymmetrically split ring resonators which demonstrates strong "extrinsic chirality" in the optical part of the spectrum. Results show that the resonant optical activity can be efficiently tuned by hybridizing the metamaterial with semiconductor quantum dots.
A Mutual Distortion and Impairment Compensator for Wideband Direct-Conversion Transmitters Using Neural Networks (2012)

This paper presents a one-step solution for transmitter nonlinearity estimation and linearization control in the presence of I/Q modulator imperfections for wideband direct-conversion transmitters. These transmitters include power amplifiers with frequency-dependent nonlinearities and modulator imperfections. With the proposed two-hidden-layer feedforward neural network, traditional two-step characterization and specially designed training signals are not required in the parameter estimation stage; and, estimation can be done without interrupting the operation of the transmitter. The measurement results and comparisons of the proposed neural network with the existing state-of-the-art methods show the superior performance in the presence of extreme RF impairments.
Sex-Biased Trajectories of Amygdalo-Hippocampal Morphology Change Over Human Development (2019)

ABSTRACT The amygdala and hippocampus are two adjacent allocortical structures implicated in sex-biased and developmentally-emergent psychopathology. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of amygdalo-hippocampal development remain poorly understood in healthy humans. The current study defined trajectories of volume and shape change for the amygdala and hippocampus by applying a multi-atlas segmentation pipeline (MAGeT-Brain) and semi-parametric mixed-effects spline modeling to 1,529 longitudinally-acquired structural MRI brain scans from a large, single-center cohort of 792 youth (403 males, 389 females) between the ages of 5 and 25 years old. We found that amygdala and hippocampus volumes both follow curvilinear and sexually dimorphic growth trajectories. These sex-biases were particularly striking in the amygdala: males showed a significantly later and slower adolescent deceleration in volume expansion (at age 20 years) than females (age 13 years). Shape analysis localized significant hot-spots of sex-biased anatomical development in sub-regional territories overlying rostral and caudal extremes of the CA1/2 in the hippocampus, and the centromedial nuclear group of the amygdala. In both sexes, principal components analysis revealed close integration of amygdala and hippocampus shape change along two main topographically-organized axes – low vs. high areal expansion, and early vs. late growth deceleration. These results bring greater resolution to our spatiotemporal understanding of amygdalo-hippocampal development in healthy males and females and discover focal sex-differences in the structural maturation of the brain components that may contribute to differences in behavior and psychopathology that emerge during adolescence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The amygdala and hippocampus are implicated in several developmentally-dynamic and sex-biased psychiatric disorders, but the spatiotemporal organization and sex-biased patterning of amygdalo-hippocampal maturation remains unclear in humans. Here, by integrating new methods for analysis of longitudinal neuroimaging data, we resolve the developmental milestones and spatial gradients that organize human amygdalo-hippocampal maturation. Each structure’s volume follows a tri-phasic, curvilinear growth trajectory which - for the amygdala - shows rapid male-female size divergence in mid-adolescence through delayed growth deceleration in males. Spatially fine-grained shape analyses localize these sex differences, and further reveal highly orchestrated shape changes across the amygdala and hippocampus that are organized by two topographical gradients. These data provide a new framework for understanding amygdalo-hippocampal organization in human development.
Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization using OH, NH and CH vibrational absorption (1998)

The matrices succinic acid (butanedioc acid), caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), and 4-nitroaniline were used to obtain matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectra using a Nd:YAG-pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The matrices were used to ionize the protein bovine insulin at wavelengths between 2.6 and 4.0 μm. Protonated insulin was observed between 2.81 and 3.55 μm with succinic acid, between 2.73 and 3.5 μm with caffeic acid, and in two distinct bands with 4-nitroaniline: one from 2.85 to 3.1 μm and another between 3.4 and 3.5 μm. The best signal and mass resolution were found at approximately 2.9 μm for all matrices. The minimum laser fluence required for MALDI (threshold fluence) was compared to the IR absorption spectra of the solid matrix. We found a good correlation between IR absorption and inverse threshold fluence for the NH and CH stretch absorption bands of 4-nitroaniline. The threshold fluence was lower than expected between 2.81 and 3.3 μm for succinic acid and between 2.73 and 2.85 μm for caffeic acid. The low threshold fluence and good MALDI performance in the 2.9 μm region can be explained by free OH group or residual water absorption. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing Backup Software (1987)

This article reviews the performance of three commercial backup programs, run on two different types of machines. Because the DOS BACKUP command is slow, many PC users with hard disk systems use such programs instead. The programs we tested are:
Comparison of Conventional Chemotherapy, Stealth Liposomes and Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes in a Mathematical Model (2012)

Various liposomal drug carriers have been developed to overcome short plasma half-life and toxicity related side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. We developed a mathematical model to compare different liposome formulations of doxorubicin (DOX): conventional chemotherapy (Free-DOX), Stealth liposomes (Stealth-DOX), temperature sensitive liposomes (TSL) with intra-vascular triggered release (TSL-i), and TSL with extra-vascular triggered release (TSL-e). All formulations were administered as bolus at a dose of 9 mg/kg. For TSL, we assumed locally triggered release due to hyperthermia for 30 min. Drug concentrations were determined in systemic plasma, aggregate body tissue, cardiac tissue, tumor plasma, tumor interstitial space, and tumor cells. All compartments were assumed perfectly mixed, and represented by ordinary differential equations. Contribution of liposomal extravasation was negligible in the case of TSL-i, but was the major delivery mechanism for Stealth-DOX and for TSL-e. The dominant delivery mechanism for TSL-i was release within the tumor plasma compartment with subsequent tissue- and cell uptake of released DOX. Maximum intracellular tumor drug concentrations for Free-DOX, Stealth-DOX, TSL-i, and TSL-e were 3.4, 0.4, 100.6, and 15.9 µg/g, respectively. TSL-i and TSL-e allowed for high local tumor drug concentrations with reduced systemic exposure compared to Free-DOX. While Stealth-DOX resulted in high tumor tissue concentrations compared to Free-DOX, only a small fraction was bioavailable, resulting in little cellular uptake. Consistent with clinical data, Stealth-DOX resulted in similar tumor intracellular concentrations as Free-DOX, but with reduced systemic exposure. Optimal release time constants for maximum cellular uptake for Stealth-DOX, TSL-e, and TSL-i were 45 min, 11 min, and <3 s, respectively. Optimal release time constants were shorter for MDR cells, with ∼4 min for Stealth-DOX and for TSL-e. Tissue concentrations correlated well quantitatively with a prior in-vivo study. Mathematical models may thus allow optimization of drug delivery systems to achieve a better therapeutic index.
Effective ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-mediated gene transfer into the livers of small and large animals (2013)

Ultrasound (US)-targeted microbubble (MB) destruction (UTMD) can significantly enhance gene delivery in mouse livers when pDNA/MBs were injected into the portal vein (PV) with simultaneous US exposure using a focused transducer. However, this transducer was ineffective in enhancing gene transfer into rats. A 13-mm diameter unfocused transducer was designed and the delivery route of pDNA/MBs was modified into a specific liver lobe, resulting in >100-fold increase in luciferase expression in rats. To facilitate the translation into human applications, many technical issues were explored in large animal models. We applied 1.1 MHz US to targeted canine and swine liver lobes with simultaneous injection of pDNA/MBs into a PV segmental branch and occlusion of the inferior vena cava. For more effective treatment of large tissue volumes, a 52-mm apodized, dual element unfocused transducer was specifically constructed to reduce the near field transaxial pressure variations, producing a uniform field of US exposure. Together with a 15 kW-capacity US amplifier, a 692-fold and 1800-fold increases of gene expression in canines and swines were achieved at 2.7-MPa, respectively. Transaminase levels and histology analysis indicated minimal tissue damage. These results demonstrated that UTMD is highly promising for safe and efficient gene delivery into the liver.