gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Octabromoperylene Dianhydride and Diimides: Evidence of Halogen Bonding and Semiconducting Properties (2016)

A facile synthesis of octabromoperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (Br8-PDA) (1), its diimides (Br8-PDIs) (2a-e), and bis-, tris-, and tetra-amino substituted diimides (5a-c) with six, five, and four remaining substitutable Br atoms, respectively, is reported. Octabromination results in facile chemical/electrochemical reduction, radical anion formation, and red-shifted optical properties. For the first time, diverse halogen-bonding interactions were identified in the PDA/PDI, which along with the attractive electronic features enhance the electron-transport characteristics compared to the di-/tetra-brominated PDIs (3/4).
Effects of Compressibility on Flow Characteristics and Dynamics of Swing Check Valves—Part II (1997)

Part II of this paper is concerned with two aspects of the dynamic behavior of swing-type check valves, namely, slamming of the disk and the maximum attainable reverse flow as the valve closes due to flow deceleration. Both aspects are well understood in incompressible flows, but not as well in applications involving fluids of relatively higher compressibility. A systematic approach in studying these phenomena in compressible flows is followed, and where possible, comparison with incompressible flow applications (e.g., water) is made. Both experimental and numerical investigations were carried out and results presented. Measurements were taken on an NPS 4 test rig in air and in water to provide fundamental comparisons of the two applications. The numerical investigation was based on the solution of the full equation of motion of the swing disk, including damping and counterbalance weights, and utilizing the valve opening-flow characteristics model developed in Part I in a quasi-steady manner. Transient flows in the connecting piping system upstream and downstream of the valve were analyzed based on the standard method of characteristics to solve the full one-dimensional conservation equations. Good agreement was obtained between numerical and experimental results which allowed further numerical investigations of the effects of various parameters in applications involving fluids of relatively higher compressibility.
Die Weiterbildungssituation in der HNO-Heilkunde in Deutschland (2020)

Implementation of structured and standardized ENT residency training in Germany, for which DGHNOKHC reviewal is also possible, can generate a basis for more effective compulsory residency training.
MPC-based approach to active steering for autonomous vehicle systems (2005)

In this paper a novel approach to autonomous steering systems is presented. A model predictive control (MPC) scheme is designed in order to stabilize a vehicle along a desired path while fulfilling its physical constraints. Simulation results show the benefits of the systematic control methodology used. In particular we show how very effective steering manoeuvres are obtained as a result of the MPC feedback policy. Moreover, we highlight the trade off between the vehicle speed and the required preview on the desired path in order to stabilize the vehicle. The paper concludes with highlights on future research and on the necessary steps for experimental validation of the approach.
Characterization of refraction at a waveguide step for fabrication of mode index lenses (2004)

Refraction of guided TE modes at thickness discontinuities in an Air/Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> planar waveguide was measured by collecting light scattered into the far field from different modes. The stepped waveguides guides studied in this work are the basic refractive interfaces from which we have constructed mode index lenses. Experimental measurements of the refraction at straight step discontinuities are compared with theoretical calculations of refraction in waveguides. The coupling between incident and undesirable transmitted guided modes was found to be lower than that predicted from calculation for an ideal step. A short taper at the step may be responsible for this improvement. The maximum angle of incidence between the incoming guided mode and the normal to the interface with acceptable transmittance was found to be 50 degrees (i.e. the angle measured in the plane of the waveguide). This result is being used in other work on mode index lens design.
Mutational and Functional Analysis Reveals ADAMTS18 Metalloproteinase as a Novel Driver in Melanoma (2010)

The disintegrin-metalloproteinases with thrombospondin domains (ADAMTS) genes have been suggested to function as tumor suppressors as several have been found to be epigenetically silenced in various cancers. We performed a mutational analysis of the ADAMTS gene family in human melanoma and identified a large fraction of melanomas to harbor somatic mutations. To evaluate the functional consequences of the most commonly mutated gene, ADAMTS18, six of its mutations were biologically examined. ADAMTS18 mutations had little effect on melanoma cell growth under standard conditions, but reduced cell dependence on growth factors. ADAMTS18 mutations also reduced adhesion to laminin and increased migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Melanoma cells expressing mutant ADAMTS18 had reduced cell migration after short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of ADAMTS18, suggesting that ADAMTS18 mutations promote growth, migration, and metastasis in melanoma.
Data from an integrated cancer prevention center screening for multiple cancer types. (2019)

e13069 Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and was responsible for ~9.6 million deaths in 2018. Importantly, between 30–50% of cancers can be prevented by avoiding risk factors and implementing existing evidence-based prevention strategies. Methods: We present the results of 15758 adults who came to our clinic between 2006 and 2018. Patients were counseled on reducing risk factors and screened for early detection of 11 of the most common cancer types. Patients were examined by specialists in internal medicine, surgery, plastic surgery, OBGYN, urology, oncology, oral surgery, gastroenterology, and others. Women underwent vaginal US, pap smear, mammography (40yr) and US/MRI of the breast with a clinical indication. Men underwent PSA/free PSA ( &gt; 40yr). LDCT for moderate smokers. Colonoscopy was recommended to all subjects ( &gt; 40yr). Results: A total of 7900 (50.1%) men and 7857 women (49.9%) mean age 46.9±11.3 years were screened. A total of 418 (2.7%) malignant lesions were detected in patients who had been screened, 245 (1.6%) of which were detected through our screening: skin 66 (0.4%), prostate 30 (0.2%), thyroid 28 (0.2%), breast 28 (0.2%), colorectal 19 (0.1%), urinary 13 (0.08%), lung 11 (0.07%), cervical 11 (0.07%), other/unknown 9 (0.06%), hematologic 8 (0.05%), ovarian 5 (0.03%), uterine 5 (0.03%), pancreas 3 (0.02%), testicular 3 (0.02%), oropharyngeal 2 (0.01%), hepatobiliary 2 (0.01%), stomach 1 (0.01%), larynx 1 (0.01%). A total of 17 (0.1%) malignant lesions were missed: breast 3 (0.02%), colorectal 3 (0.02%), skin 2 (0.01%), thyroid 2 (0.01%), hematologic 2 (0.01%), pancreas 2 (0.01%), kidney 1 (0.01%), lung 1 (0.01%), brain 1 (0.01%). A total of 147 (0.9%) malignant lesions developed &gt; 1year after a visit. Only forty-nine of the cancer patients (12.5%) died after 18.9±17.8 months at a mean age of 66.5±12.2 years. Significantly, better than the expected cancer mortality in general. First-degree family member with cancer (HR = 1.46) and advanced age (HR = 21.8) was associated with increased cancer risk (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: One stop shop cancer screening, in the setting of a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic is feasible, can detect cancer at an early stage, and can significantly improve survival.
Effect of Crystal Size on Framework Defects and Water Uptake in Fluoride Mediated Silicalite-1 (2014)

The relationship between framework defects and crystal size in fluoride mediated silicalite-1 was investigated through nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, and vapor adsorption of ethanol and water on samples with crystal sizes ranging from 0.4 to 30 μm in the b direction of the silicalite-1 crystals. X-ray diffraction reveals a shift in the lattice system from a predominantly monoclinic phase in smaller crystals to an orthorhombic phase in the larger crystals. 29Si MAS studies reveal minimal differences in framework silanol defect concentration. An H-4 type hysteresis in 77 K N2 adsorption isotherm and BdB-FHH pore size analysis reveal the presence of slit-like pores and a larger average pore size as well as a larger volume fraction of “microfissures” in the larger crystals. Pure vapor adsorption measurements show more than a 2-fold increase in water uptake from 0.21 mmol/g to 0.51 mmol/g from the smallest to largest samples at 308 K near unit activity, while ethanol uptake remains on the order of 2.4 mmol/g for all samples. An increase in desorption hysteresis with crystal size and negligible differences in isosteric heats of adsorption of water lend support to the presence of microfissure defects in the larger samples. IAST predications for binary adsorption of ethanol and water in the silicalite-1 samples reveal a 2-fold ethanol/water selectivity enhancement for dilute (<5 wt % EtOH) solutions when crystal size is reduced. This systematic study of N2 physisorption, framework composition, and ethanol/water adsorption highlights the critical role that crystal size plays in the adsorption process, which can have significant implications for biofuel processes that produce dilute aqueous ethanol as a raw product.
Speckle statistics of cortical brain tissue in optical coherence tomography (2022)

A recent theoretical framework using power-law functions was proposed to model scattering from biological tissues in ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. Multi-scale scattering sites such as the fractal branching vasculature will then contribute to power-law based probability distributions of speckle statistics. These distributions are the Burr type XII distribution, the Lomax distribution, and the generalized logistic distribution for speckle amplitude, intensity, and log amplitude, respectively. Previous experiments with ultrasound and optical coherence tomography demonstrate that these distributions are better fits to image histogram data of various biological tissues when compared with classical models (e.g., Rayleigh, K, and gamma distributions). Of critical importance is that this framework provides novel parameters, most notably the power-law exponent parameter, for characterizing the physics of scattering from soft tissue. The typical range for the exponent parameter in other normal tissues is approximately 3 to 6. The aim is for this parameter to be used as a new biomarker for diagnostic imaging, sensitive to changes in tissue structures. Here, we demonstrate a specific application to mouse brain tissue, in which the exponent parameter is used to characterize mouse cortical brain under various conditions including ex vivo and in vivo using optical coherence tomography.
An Expert System for Fault Section Estimation Using Information from Protective Relays and Circuit Breakers (1986)

This paper deals with an expert system which can estimate possible fault sections using the information on operating protective relays and tripped circuit breakers. The system can give possible answers even in the case of multiple faults and false operations of relays and circuit breakers. This expert system is written in Prolog.
Hotspot congestion control for network-on-chip and large-scale switches (2012)

Interconnection networks have played an important role in designing multi-core processors and large-scale packet switches, as they significantly affect system throughput, delay performance, and implementation costs. Although the designs of interconnection networks for the processors and the switches share some common concepts and techniques, they can be somewhat different because of different constraints in power and space. One of the major challenges in designing the interconnection networks is to maintain high throughputs, even when some destination nodes or switch outputs are overloaded, where aggregated traffic destined for the output exceeds its link capacity. Such nodes or outputs are called hotspots. Many existing designs suffer from performance degradation when a hotspot situation occurs. This degradation is caused by the congestion of some internal links in the network. When it occurs, it also blocks traffic from inputs flowing to other non-hotspot outputs, a phenomenon known as head-of-line blocking, resulting in the formation of a saturation tree that starts at the congestion point and extends to the inputs.
In this thesis, we propose an effective and scalable congestion control scheme, HOPE (HOtspot PrEvention), to alleviate, if not totally eliminate, the congestion problem in the interconnection networks. HOPE proactively regulates traffic destined for each node (link) by estimating the number of the backlogged packets in the network and applying a simple stop-and-go mechanism to prevent hotspot traffic from jamming the internal links in the switch fabric. The traffic regulation mechanism is implemented with a two-threshold mechanism that is used to evaluate the congestion status of each destination/link. 
We evaluate the performance and implementation cost of HOPE for two different network topologies (Clos network and 2D Mesh) under different hardware constraints (i.e., networks on chip and switches). Different thresholds are chosen to avoid overflow and underflow so that the targeted network throughput can be achieved. We study HOPE's fairness, throughput and link utilization for the two network topologies. We also propose two variants of HOPE for the 2D Mesh topology, as it has a lower bisection bandwidth than the Clos network. The analysis and simulation results show that HOPE significantly improves network performance in terms of latency and throughput by regulating hotspot traffic while providing max-min fairness among different inputs. Hardware complexity evaluations confirm that HOPE has light weight logic overhead.
Evaluation of Improved Engine Compartment Overheat Detection Techniques. (1986)

Abstract : A study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing infrared (IR) sensor technology to detect leaks from failed aircraft bleed ducts. Improved overheat detection system requirements were defined and detection concepts were formulated based on these requirements. An IR detection concept was shown to exhibit potential for improvement over other concepts formulated and existing cable type detection elements. A nacelle/bleed duct simulator was designed and fabricated in order to conduct tests of IR detection concepts. Radiation detection instrumentation was designed for utilizing the IR instrumentation and a Systron-Donner element to detect simulated bleed leaks at three different flight conditions. The test data was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of IR detection techniques and the relative performance of the IR techniques with respect to cable-type elements was determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of Macrocyclic Ligands (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazole. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New electrical testing techniques for fibreglass reinforced plastic operating sticks (2002)

This paper outlines how the in-service failure of a 2.3 m 275 kV foam filled fibreglass reinforced plastic (FRP) live line strain stick led to an extensive investigation into the insulation construction, the mechanical and electrical characteristics and the electrical testing techniques for live line and test sticks insulated for operation at high voltages. The investigation revealed inadequacies in the high voltage testing techniques employed on this type of FRP equipment. Relevant electrical characteristics of the FRP insulating materials and assembled tools were derived for development of diagnostics to ensure early detection of insulation deterioration. Having established the electrical parameters, specific testing techniques were designed to provide acceptable sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability. The final stage was to develop a practical testing regime for the tools and equipment with due consideration to their operating exposure and severity of duty. The increased sensitivity in detecting insulation deterioration has enabled the repair of suspect sticks prior to failure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High spectral efficiency 1.6-b/s/Hz transmission (8 x 40 Gb/s with a 25-GHz grid) over 200-km SSMF using RZ-DQPSK and polarization multiplexing (2003)

With relatively simple standard transmission equipment, we achieved a wavelength-division-multiplexing transmission with a record-high spectral efficiency of 1.6 b/s/Hz using return-to-zero differential quadrature phase-shift keying and polarization multiplexing over 200-km standard single-mode fiber with a 40-Gb/s capacity per wavelength but 10-GSymbol/s rate.
Boron Difluoride Complexes of Expanded N‐Confused Calix[n]phyrins That Demonstrate Unique Luminescent and Lasing Properties (2016)

Abstract Complexation of novel multiply N‐confused expanded calix[ n ]phyrins with boron difluoride afforded a new class of cyclic BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) arrays. The structures of circularly arranged BODIPY subunits linked in an N‐confused fashion give rise to such photophysical properties unique to the macrocycles as redshifted emission wavelengths along with apparent large Stokes shifts, long emission lifetimes, and solid‐state lasing. The DFT calculations support the size‐dependent excited‐state dynamics of the macrocycles.
Haploinsufficiency for either one of the type-II regulatory subunits of protein kinase A improves the bone phenotype ofPrkar1a+/−mice (2015)

Carney Complex (CNC), a human genetic syndrome predisposing to multiple neoplasias, is associated with bone lesions such as osteochondromyxomas (OMX). The most frequent cause for CNC is PRKAR1A deficiency; PRKAR1A codes for type-I regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). Prkar1a(+/-) mice developed OMX, fibrous dysplasia-like lesions (FDL) and other tumors. Tumor tissues in these animals had increased PKA activity due to an unregulated PKA catalytic subunit and increased PKA type II (PKA-II) activity mediated by the PRKAR2A and PRKAR2B subunits. To better understand the effect of altered PKA activity on bone, we studied Prkar2a and Prkar2b knock out (KO) and heterozygous mice; none of these mice developed bone lesions. When Prkar2a(+/-) and Prkar2b(+/-) mice were used to generate Prkar1a(+/-)Prkar2a(+/-) and Prkar1a(+/-)Prkar2b(+/-) animals, bone lesions formed that looked like those of the Prkar1a(+/-) mice. However, better overall bone organization and mineralization and fewer FDL lesions were found in both double heterozygote groups, indicating a partial restoration of the immature bone structure observed in Prkar1a(+/-) mice. Further investigation indicated increased osteogenesis and higher new bone formation rates in both Prkar1a(+/-)Prkar2a(+/-) and Prkar1a(+/-)Prkar2b(+/-) mice with some minor differences between them. The observations were confirmed with a variety of markers and studies. PKA activity measurements showed the expected PKA-II decrease in both double heterozygote groups. Thus, haploinsufficiency for either of PKA-II regulatory subunits improved bone phenotype of mice haploinsufficient for Prkar1a, in support of the hypothesis that the PRKAR2A and PRKAR2B regulatory subunits were in part responsible for the bone phenotype of Prkar1a(+/-) mice.
Coupling of two endothelin receptor subtypes to differing signal transduction in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1992)

We examined the intracellular signal transduction of two endothelin receptor subtypes (ETA and ETB) by transfection and stable expression of individual receptor cDNAs in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Both receptors showed a rapid and marked stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and arachidonic acid release in response to agonist interaction. The two receptors, however, exhibited different responses in the cyclic AMP transduction cascades. ETA mediated the accumulation of cyclic AMP formation, whereas ETB displayed an inhibitory action on the forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. In both receptors, the responses of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis, arachidonic acid release, and cyclic AMP formation were induced in complete agreement with the endothelin-binding selectivity of each receptor subtype. Endothelin, added together with GTP, activated the adenylate cyclase activity in membrane preparations of ETA-expressing cells, indicating the direct linkage of ETA to the adenylate cyclase system. Pertussis toxin treatment of ETA-expressing cells resulted in partial inhibition of the endothelin-induced cyclic AMP accumulation, whereas the same treatment of ETB-expressing cells completely abolished the endothelin-induced inhibition of cyclic AMP formation. Thus, the two endothelin receptor subtypes are coupled to multiple but distinct signal transduction cascades through different G proteins.
Absorption, Distribution, and Binding Profile of ME-401, a Potent and Selective Oral Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ (PI3Kδ) in Animal and B-Cell Lymphoma Models (2019)

These data support the capacity of ME-401 to be orally absorbed, distribute to target tissues, enter and accumulate in target cells, and bind to the target with high affinity to exert its mechanism of action. These characteristics underlie the high clinical potency seen in B-cell malignancies that may differentiate ME-401 from other PI3Kδ inhibitors currently approved or in development.
Measurement-Based Modeling of Vehicle-to-Vehicle MIMO Channels (2009)

Vehicle-to-vehicle (VTV) communications are of interest for applications within traffic safety and congestion avoidance, but the development of suitable communications systems requires accurate models for VTV propagation channels. This paper presents a new wideband MIMO (multiple-input- multiple-output) channel model for VTV channels based on extensive MIMO channel measurements performed at 5.2 GHz in rural environments in Lund, Sweden. The measured channel characteristics, in particular the non-stationarity of the channel statistics, motivate the use of a geometry-based stochastic channel model (GSCM) instead of the classical tapped-delay line model. We introduce generalizations of the generic GSCM approach and find it suitable to distinguish between diffuse and discrete scattering contributions. The time-variant contributions from discrete scatterers are tracked over time and delay using a high resolution algorithm, and our observations motivate their power being modeled as a combination of a deterministic part and a stochastic part. The paper gives a full model parameterization and the model is verified by comparison of MIMO antenna correlations derived from the channel model to those obtained directly from measurements.