gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Two New preproGnRH mRNAs in the Tree Shrew: First Direct Evidence for Mesencephalic GnRH Gene Expression in a Placental Mammal (1996)

Reproductive maturation and regulation is centrally orchestrated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH produced in the vertebrate hypothalamus acts on the pituitary to regulate gonadotropins. In nonplacental mammalian species, it has recently been shown that a second GnRH gene is expressed in mesencephalic cells. Here, we report the cDNA sequences and expression patterns for two distinct genes encoding the hypothalamic and mesencephalic GnRH forms in the brain of a placental mammal, the tree shrew (Tupaia glis belangeri). The novel mammalian GnRH form, designated here as [His5Trp7Tyr8]GnRH (often called chicken GnRH II), is expressed in neurons of the mesencephalon and is the first nonhypothalamic form to be isolated from a mammal. Its peptide sequence is identical to the form previously reported in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, revealing that it has remained unchanged for 500 million years. In contrast, the sequences of the hypothalamic GnRH decapeptides vary by as much as 50% across vertebrate species. The remarkable sequence conservation of mesencephalic GnRH suggests that it has been highly constrained throughout evolution, perhaps indicating an important, conserved nongonadotropic role. The discovery and localization of two mRNAs encoding distinct GnRH forms in an advanced mammal suggest that other mammals, including primates, may also have a second GnRH gene with expression localized in the midbrain.
Spectator Errors in Tunable Coupling Architectures (2021)

The addition of tunable couplers to superconducting quantum architectures offers significant advantages for scaling compared to fixed coupling approaches. In principle, tunable couplers allow for exact cancellation of qubit-qubit coupling through the interference of two parallel coupling pathways between qubits. However, stray microwave couplings can introduce additional pathways which complicate the interference effect. Here we investigate the primary spectator induced errors of the bus below qubit (BBQ) architecture in a six qubit device. We identify the key design parameters which inhibit ideal cancellation and demonstrate that dynamic cancellation pulses can further mitigate spectator errors.
“N of 1” case reports in the era of whole-genome sequencing (2013)

Prostate cancer has a range of clinical outcomes, from complete remission in response to treatment to death as a result of aggressive metastasis. Prognosis for individuals with prostate cancer is not readily predictable, and new diagnostics will be useful for treatment strategy determination. In this issue of the JCI, Haffner and colleagues use comprehensive tumor genome sequencing to investigate the origin of genetic mutations underlying a case of lethal prostate cancer. Surprisingly, the lethal clone in this individual arose from a tumor focus that is typically considered very low risk based on histology. Their report highlights the need to collect and curate "N of 1" cases to develop a database that can be used for clinical decision making.
Role of chemically induced cell proliferation in carcinogenesis and its use in health risk assessment. (1993)

There is much interest in incorporating knowledge of biological mechanisms of carcinogenesis into assessments of health risks to humans posed by chemicals in the environment. Debate over the soundness of using data from animal bioassays conducted at minimally toxic doses or fractions thereof for predicting cancer risks to humans exposed to much lower doses has stimulated interest in the question of whether genotoxic or mitotic effects predominate in chemical carcinogenesis. Cell division plays a key role at each stage in the evolution of cancer, and it is well documented that increased rates of cell proliferation can escalate the risk of malignancy. This article examines the current understanding of both mechanisms by which chemicals provoke cell proliferation and the contribution of various kinetic patterns of cell proliferation to carcinogenesis.
Monodisperse single-walled carbon nanotube populations and related methods for providing same (2023)

The present teachings provide methods for providing populations of single-walled carbon nanotubes that are substantially monodisperse in terms of diameter, electronic type, and/or chirality. Also provided are single-walled carbon nanotube populations provided thereby and articles of manufacture including such populations.
Simplifying Model-based RL: Learning Representations, Latent-space Models, and Policies with One Objective (2022)

While reinforcement learning (RL) methods that learn an internal model of the environment have the potential to be more sample efficient than their model-free counterparts, learning to model raw observations from high dimensional sensors can be challenging. Prior work has addressed this challenge by learning low-dimensional representation of observations through auxiliary objectives, such as reconstruction or value prediction. However, the alignment between these auxiliary objectives and the RL objective is often unclear. In this work, we propose a single objective which jointly optimizes a latent-space model and policy to achieve high returns while remaining self-consistent. This objective is a lower bound on expected returns. Unlike prior bounds for model-based RL on policy exploration or model guarantees, our bound is directly on the overall RL objective. We demonstrate that the resulting algorithm matches or improves the sample-efficiency of the best prior model-based and model-free RL methods. While sample efficient methods typically are computationally demanding, our method attains the performance of SAC in about 50% less wall-clock time.
Natural phenolics and nuclear receptors (ER & PPAR): Isolation, structure determination and biological evaluation (2010)

Plants originated mainly from Mediterranean region as well as from other higly deverse hot-spots all over the world have been phytochemically explored in the context of our continuing study towards the discovery of novel, active natural products presenting high affinity to nuclear reseptors. In particular estrogen receptor (ER) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) were the target-reseptors under investigation. Our study is mainly focused to the identification of secondary metabolites which present the capability to activate both isoforms of estrogen receptor (ERα& ERβ) [1] as well as the two isoforms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ& PPARδ) [2]. Numerous of secondary metabolites belonging mostly to simple phenolics, to flavonoids and specifically to flavones, flavonols and methylether derivatives thereof and isoflavonoids mainly isoflavones, prenylated isoflavones and 2-arylbenzofurans have been identified using a bioguided approach or LC-MS-based methodologies. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed via HRMSn and 1 & 2D NMR [3], [4], [5], [6]. The biological evaluation was focused on the determination of the relative binding activity (RBA values) of the purified compounds to ERα and ERβ and/or PPARγ and PPARδ as well as on the exploration of the biological michanism of action using e-screen, reporter gene and analysis of gene expression assays. Determination of their proliferative and/or cytotoxic properties was also performed. A series of novel natural compounds belonging mostly to 2-arylbenzofurans and prenylated isoflavones were identified whereas a numerous thereof found to present significant estrogenic, antiestrogenic, SERM and/or antidiabetic activity [7], [8], [9].
HQ Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 Power Battery for Fast Charge Applications (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Synthetic Multivalent Ligands as Probes of Signal Transduction (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Splenic progenitors aid in maintaining high neutrophil numbers at sites of sterile chronic inflammation (2016)

Neutrophils are constantly generated from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow to maintain high numbers in circulation. A considerable number of neutrophils and their progenitors have been shown to be present in the spleen too; however, their exact role in this organ remains unclear. Herein, we sought to study the function of splenic neutrophils and their progenitors using a mouse model for sterile, peritoneal inflammation. In this microcapsule device implantation model, we show chronic neutrophil presence at implant sites, with recruitment from circulation as the primary mechanism for their prevalence in the peritoneal exudate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that progenitor populations in the spleen play a key role in maintaining elevated neutrophil numbers. Our results provide new insight into the role for splenic neutrophils and their progenitors and establish a model to study neutrophil function during sterile inflammation.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorine‐containing polyamides derived from 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane by direct polycondensation (1996)

A fluorine-containing diamine, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (BAPPH) (II), was synthesized in two steps on condensation of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane with p-chloronitrobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate, giving 2,2-bis[4-(4-nitrophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (I), followed by reduction with hydrazine monohydrate/Pd—C. Fluorine-containing polyamides and copolyamides having inherent viscosities 0.41–0.88 dL g−1 were prepared by direct polycondensation of BAPPH with various aromatic diacids or with mixed diacids, by triphenyl phosphite and pyridine in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). The polyamides were examined by elemental analysis, IR spectra, inherent viscosity, x-ray diffraction, solubility, DSC, and TGA. The diffractogram showed that the polyamides were crystalline except IVb, IVc, IVf, and Vc. Almost all polyamides were soluble in polar aprotic solvents. The polymers obtained from BAPPH lost no mass below 350°C, with 10% loss of mass being recorded above 467°C in nitrogen. These aromatic polyamides had glass transition temperatures in the 221–253°C range. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of RGD‐Immobilized Dual‐Pore Poly(l‐Lactic Acid) Scaffolds on Chondrocyte Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Production (2008)

Interactions between cell and polymer surface have great implications in tissue engineering. In this study, chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production were examined using porous poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds that have different surface characteristics. PLLA scaffolds were prepared using a gas-foaming method, and subjected to surface modifications through plasma treatment and subsequent in situ grafting of hydrophilic acrylic acid (AA). To immobilize peptide ligands, the AA-grafted PLLA scaffolds (PLLA-PAA) were further reacted with either Gly-Arg-Asp-Gly (GRDG) or Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp (GRGD) to produce PLLA-PAA-GRDG or PLLA-PAA-GRGD scaffold, respectively. The average porosities of the scaffolds were more than 90%, and their pore sizes ranged from 200 approximately 300 to 10 approximately 50 microm for large and small pores, respectively. The concentrations of each bound component were 2.14 x 10(-4) mmol/cm(2) for AA, 1.87 nmol/g for GRDG, and 1.68 nmol/g for GRGD. When chondrocytes were seeded onto the different PLLA scaffolds, cell adhesion and proliferation were highly affected as the substrate types vary. The RGD-immobilized scaffolds resulted in higher cellularity and better accumulation of total glycosaminoglycan than the others. Histological staining of Safranin O showed that the deposited extracellular matrix was more intense and widely distributed in the PLLA-PAA-GRGD scaffold. The present data suggest that immobilization of RGD peptide on the AA-grafted PLLA scaffold can be an effective tool for chondrocyte attachment and proliferation, and that it may also be helpful to facilitate cartilaginous tissue formation.
The effect of a PPO pay-for-performance program on patients with diabetes. (2010)

A P4P can significantly increase the receipt of quality care and decrease hospitalization rates among patients with diabetes in a PPO setting. Although it is possible that the differences observed between P4P-participating physicians and non-P4P-participating physicians were due to selection bias, we found no significant difference in the receipt of quality care between patients with diabetes who saw new P4P-participating physicians versus non-P4P-participating physicians during the baseline year. Further research should focus on defining the effect of P4Ps on intermediate outcomes such as glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron and Mass Transport in Hybrid Redox Polyether Melts: Co and Fe Bipyridines with Attached Polyether Chains (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improving Electron Microscopy by Shaping the Electron Beam Wavefunction (2015)

We show a novel technique to enhance resolution and SNR in electron microscopes - by shaping the quantum wavefunction of electrons. Our technique overcomes fundamental limits that currently set the resolution and SNR in electron microscopy.
A study of the effects of end-cap molecular species on environmental characteristics of polimidesulfones (1984)

To improve the environmental stability and mechanical properties of polyimidesulfone (PISO2), it was decided to investigate the effects of various types of end caps on its thermo-mechanical and related properties. It was noted that end caps are effective in reducing the environmental damage susceptibility of PISO2 samples, apparently due to their ability to react with free end groups which are believed to be moisture pickup sites. Phthalic anydride, aniline and aminobenzophenone were the end caps used in this study.
The Importance of Narrative and Other Lessons from an Evaluation of an NLG System that Summarises Clinical Data (2009)

abdn.ac.uk The BABYTALK BT-45 system generates textual summaries of clinical data about babies in a neonatal intensive care unit. A recent taskbased evaluation of the system suggested that these summaries are useful, but not as effective as they could be. In this paper we present a qualitative analysis of problems that the evaluation highlighted in BT-45 texts. Many of these problems are due to the fact that BT-45 does not generate good narrative texts; this is a topic which has not previously received much attention from the NLG research community, but seems to be quite important for creating good data-to-text systems. 1
A New Method for Brazing Nitinol Based on the Quasibinary TiNi-Nb System (2007)

Peer Reviewed
Catalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition in the Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Book reviews (1986)

Abstract The Population of the United States: Historical Trends and Future Projections. By Donald J. Bogue. The Free Press, Macmillan, New York, 1985. 728 pp. $70, cloth. Population: A Basic Orientation. By Charles B. Nam and Susan Gustavus Philliber. Second Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1984. 384 pp. $21.95, cloth. The Wonder of Being Human: Our Brain and Our Mind: By Sir John Eccles and Daniel Robinson. Mac‐millan, New York, 1984. 182 pp. $16.95, cloth. Experimental Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. Edited by Bert Holldobler and Martin Lindauer. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass., 1985. 488 pp. $55 cloth; $30 paper.
Catastrophic Head-Neck Dissociation of a Modular Cementless Femoral Component (2015)

We recommend regular clinical and radiographic surveillance of patients with the Stryker Accolade TMZF stem, especially those patients with pain and/or mechanical symptoms.
MK256 is a novel CDK8 inhibitor with potent antitumor activity in AML through downregulation of the STAT pathway (2022)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most lethal form of AML due to disease relapse. Cyclin dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the family of Cyclin-dependent kinases and is an emerging target for the treatment of AML. MK256, a potent, selective, and orally available CDK8 inhibitor was developed to target AML. We sought to examine the anticancer effect of MK256 on AML. In CD34+/CD38- leukemia stem cells, we found that MK256 induced differentiation and maturation. Treatment of MK256 inhibited proliferation of AML cell lines. Further studies of the inhibitory effect suggested that MK256 not only downregulated phosphorylated STAT1(S727) and STAT5(S726), but also lowered mRNA expressions of MCL-1 and CCL2 in AML cell lines. Efficacy of MK256 was shown in MOLM-14 xenograft models, and the inhibitory effect on phosphorylated STAT1(S727) and STAT5(S726) with treatment of MK256 was observed <i>in vivo</i>. Pharmacologic dynamics study of MK256 in MOLM-14 xenograft models showed dose-dependent inhibition of the STAT pathway. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies suggested that MK256 could effectively downregulate the STAT pathway. <i>In vitro</i> ADME, pharmacological kinetics, and toxicity of MK256 were profiled to evaluate the drug properties of MK256. Our results show that MK256 is a novel CDK8 inhibitor with a desirable efficacy and safety profile and has great potential to be a promising drug candidate for AML through regulating the STAT pathway.
Population selection in complex disease gene mapping (2004)

Abstract The critical importance of the detailed information of the history and genealogical makeup of any study population should be strongly emphasized in this era of complex disease gene mapping since, to large extent, these features determine the most successful strategy for gene mapping efforts. Population isolates have offered shortcuts in the identification of monogenic disease genes, but serious doubts have been presented about their benefits in the gene hunt for polygenic traits. Methods for massive SNP genotyping and characterization of haploblock structure of the human genome introduce new prospects to LD‐based fine mapping and haplotype association studies in multifactorial diseases. The wide LD intervals and the restricted number of disease alleles are characteristic for young isolated populations and provide definitive advantages for the initial locus positioning. Further, most of the suggestive gene identifications for complex diseases have emerged from large pedigrees and have typically utilized the combined power of linkage and association. Thus, the well‐established geneology of a population facilitating construction of large pedigrees is another strong merit of many global isolates.
(Invited) 3D Integration in Silicon Technology (2011)

3Di (3D integration) refers to a family of technologies which enable the stacking of active Si layers with vertical connections between them. 3Di has the ability to enhance chip performance by increasing bandwidth, reducing wire delay, and enabling better power management. Several researchers have investigated TSV (Through Silicon Via) fabrication, insulation, metallization, integration, the impact of TSVs on devices, thermo-mechanical integrity and reliability of TSVs. This paper presents a review of some of these publications in order to understand the options and challenges in 3Di.
An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the B-N-Ti system (1997)

Composite nitrides (such as BN, TiN) are widely used in various industrial applications because of their extreme wear and corrosion resistance, thermal and electrical properties. In order to obtain composite materials with these optimal properties, it is important to elucidate whether any chemical reactions occur at nitride/metal interfaces, e.g., those involving BN-Ti/TiN. Materials of interest include the deposition by PVD of Ti and TiN on BN substrates. Some of these systems were then subjected to varying degrees of physical and thermal alteration. Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has therefore been rendered of these interfaces using cross-sectional display and sputter etching. Resulting structural and morphological features have been investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Diffusion of the nitridation, oxynitride formation and interfacial growth are of general interest.
Three-Phase Sinusoidal Output Buck-Boost GaN Y-Inverter for Advanced Variable Speed AC Drives (2020)

Motor drive systems supplied by a fuel-cell/battery are especially demanding when it comes to the design of the inverter. Besides a high performance (high efficiency <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\eta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and power density <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rho }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), the inverter has to cope with the wide dc voltage variation of the fuel-cell/battery that supplies the motor drive. A promising three-phase inverter topology, denoted as Y-voltage source inverter (VSI), is presented in this article. The Y-VSI is a modular three-phase inverter and comprises three identical phase-modules connected to a common star “Y” point. Each phase-module is equivalent to a buck-boost dc/dc converter, which allows the ac output voltages to be higher or lower than the dc input voltage. Thereby, the Y-VSI effectively copes with the wide variation of the fuel-cell/battery voltage. Each phase-module can be operated in a similar fashion to a conventional dc/dc converter, independently of the remaining two phases. Accordingly, a straightforward and simple operation/control of the Y-VSI is possible. In addition, the Y-VSI features an integrated output filter. This allows for continuous/sinusoidal motor voltage waveforms, eliminating the need for an additional filter between the inverter and the motor. This article details the operating principle of the Y-VSI and comparatively evaluates two modulation strategies. In order to validate the proposed concepts, a Y-VSI hardware prototype is assembled within the context of a high-speed motor drive. In the investigated drive system, a fuel-cell supplies the Y-VSI, which in return controls a 280-kr/min 1-kW electric compressor. The Y-VSI hardware prototype is compared against a state-of-the-art hardware prototype, which features two energy conversion stages. It is shown that the Y-VSI is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\Delta \eta = +2.3 \%}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> more efficient and at the same time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\Delta \rho = +10 \%}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> more power-dense compared with the conventional inverter solution.