gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of metals exposure and sub-lethal effects in voles and small birds captured near the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System Road, Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska, 2006 (2008)

Voles (n=6) and small ground-nesting birds (n=12) were live-captured near the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System haul road in Cape Krusenstern National Monument in northwest Alaska in 2006 to assess metals exposure and sub-lethal biological effects. Similar numbers of animals were captured from a reference site in southern Cape Krusenstern National Monument for comparison. Histopathological examination of selected organs, blood analysis, and analysis for aluminum, barium, cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations in liver and blood samples were performed. Voles and small birds captured from near the haul road had about 20 times greater blood and liver lead concentrations and about 3 times greater cadmium concentrations when compared to those from the reference site. Barium and zinc tissue concentrations of animals collected from different sites were not remarkably different, and aluminum concentrations were below the reporting limits in most samples. There was no clear evidence of serious sub-lethal biological effects such as lesions in internal organs or DNA damage in blood in any of the animals. Accordingly, blood and liver lead concentrations in animals captured near the haul road generally were less than tissue concentration thresholds associated with serious biological effects reported from other studies; however, subtle effects resulting from lead exposure, such as the suppression of the activity of certain enzymes, cannot be ruled out for those animals nearest the haul road. Notably, liver lead concentrations of voles and small birds at the reference location were considerably less than those previously reported for similar animals at reference sites in other parts of the United States, Canada, and Europe. Results from this reconnaissance-level study indicate that voles and small birds inhabiting this area are not suffering serious biological effects as a result of metals exposure; however, continued monitoring of lead and other metals is recommended because of uncertainties noted and because biological effects thresholds might be approached if exposure levels were to increase.
Experimental evaluation of failure-detection schemes in real-time communication networks (2002)

An effective failure-detection scheme is essential for reliable communication services. Most computer network rely on behavior-based detection schemes: each node uses heartbeats to detect the failure of its neighbor nodes, and the transport protocol (like TCP) achieves reliable communication by acknowledgment/retransmission. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of such behavior-based detection schemes in real-time communication. Specifically, we measure and analyze the coverage and latency of two failure-detection schemes-neighbor detection and end-to-end detection-through fault-injection experiments. The experimental results have shown that a significant portion of failures can be detected very quickly by the neighbor detection scheme, while the end-to-end detection scheme uncovers the remaining failures with larger detection latencies.
Overexpression of miR-155 causes expansion, arrest in terminal differentiation and functional activation of mouse natural killer cells (2013)

It is known that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in lymphocyte development, homeostasis, activation, and occasionally malignant transformation. In this study, a miR-155 transgene (tg) was driven to be overexpressed off of the lck promoter in order to assess its effects on natural killer (NK) cell biology in vivo. miR-155 tg mice have an increase in NK-cell number with an excess of the CD11b(low)CD27(high) NK subset, indicative of a halt in terminal NK-cell differentiation that proved to be intrinsic to the cell itself. The increase in NK cells results, in part, from improved survival in medium alone and enhanced expansion with endogenous or exogenous interleukin 15. Phenotypic and functional data from miR-155 tg NK cells showed constitutive activation and enhanced target cell conjugation, resulting in more potent antitumor activity in vitro and improved survival of lymphoma-bearing mice in vivo when compared with wild type NK cells. The enhanced NK-cell survival, expansion, activation, and tumor control that result from overexpression of miR-155 in NK cells could be explained, in part, via diminished expression of the inositol phosphatase SHIP1 and increased activation of ERK and AKT kinases. Thus, the regulation of miR-155 is important for NK-cell development, homeostasis, and activation.
Comment on “Seroevidence for H5N1 Influenza Infections in Humans: Meta-Analysis” (2012)

A better understanding of the severity of H5N1 in humans is needed. Wang et al. (Brevia, 23 March 2012, p. 1463; published online 23 February 2012) overinterpret the results of seroprevalence studies and take too little account of underlying uncertainties. Although the true risk of death from H5N1 infection will likely be lower than the 60% of reported laboratory-confirmed cases, there is little evidence of millions of missed infections.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Elucidation of the Pentacyclopropane Antifungal Agent FR‐900848. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Production of Escherichia coli STb enterotoxin is subject to catabolite repression (1995)

Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are known to secrete several types of toxins including STb, a heat-stable enterotoxin. STb enterotoxin production was studied in wild-type E. coli strains. Using a quantitative STb-specific inhibition ELISA, the amount of toxin present in the culture supernatant fractions of various E. coli strains was determined. Variation in the production of STb toxin was observed for the wild-type strains. For E. coli strain 82-4247 grown in trypticase soy broth, the toxin was produced after 4 h of growth and was maximal after about 57 h of growth. The amount of toxin in the culture supernatant fraction increased concomitantly with bacterial growth. Using the rat loop assay, the biological activity of STb was retained even after the logarithmic phase of growth when STb production levelled off (i.e. from 24 to 74 h). STb production by E. coli strain 82-4247 varied with the culture medium used. In particular, addition of 1-0% (w/v) compared to 0-1 % glucose to Davis minimal medium decreased STb production, whereas addition of 1-0% (w/v) glycerol did not affect STb production. Addition of exogenous cAMP reversed the repressive effect of glucose. Using mutant strains, STb production was shown to be subject to catabolite repression.
Case 8-2003 (2003)

Presentation of CaseA 35-year-old man with end-stage renal disease and a history of failed renal transplantation was admitted to the hospital for another transplantation.When the patient was 10 years old, diabetes mellitus type 1 developed, resulting in diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, vasculopathy, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. He underwent repeated procedures for a detached retina and was legally blind. Nine years before admission, renal failure occurred, and hemodialysis was begun. One year later, a right-sided nephrectomy and transplantation of a cadaveric kidney into the right iliac fossa were performed. Four years before admission, the patient's base-line creatinine concentration began rising from . . .
Language virtualization for heterogeneous parallel computing (2010)

As heterogeneous parallel systems become dominant, application developers are being forced to turn to an incompatiblemix of low level programming models (e.g. OpenMP, MPI, CUDA, OpenCL). However, these models do little to shield developers from the difficult problems of parallelization, data decomposition and machine-specific details. Most programmersare having a difficult time using these programming models effectively. To provide a programming modelthat addresses the productivity and performance requirements for the average programmer, we explore a domainspecificapproach to heterogeneous parallel programming.
Aspergillus flavus genomics as a tool for studying the mechanism of aflatoxin formation (2008)

Aspergillus flavus is a weak pathogen that infects plants, animals and humans. When it infects agricultural crops, however, it produces one of the most potent carcinogens known (aflatoxins). To devise strategies to control aflatoxin contamination of pre-harvest agricultural crops and post-harvest grains during storage, we launched the A. flavus genomics program. The major objective of this program is the identification of genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis and regulation, as well as in pathogenicity, to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of aflatoxin formation. The sequencing of A. flavus whole genome has been completed. Initial annotation of the sequence revealed that there are about 13,071 genes in the A. flavus genome. Genes which potentially encode for enzymes involved in secondary metabolite production in the A. flavus genome have been identified. Preliminary comparative genome analysis of A. flavus with A. oryzae is summarized here.
Novel Method to Evaluate the Carbon Network of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Hydrogen Physisorption (2007)

Physical and chemical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are sensitive to the defects in the tubular graphene. To date, however, the method to characterize the defect of SWCNTs has been limited to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which can only be used to observe the local structure of SWCNTs. In an effort to explore the evaluation method of SWCNTs, physisorption of H2 on high-quality SWCNTs was investigated by cryogenic thermal-desorption spectroscopy (cryo-TDS), which revealed particular sensitivity to the defects of SWCNTs. TDS showed a sharp desorption peak at 20 K (α) for as-purified SWCNTs, and additional desorption signals were observed at 27 and ∼24 K (β and γ) for air-oxidized SWCNTs. The α, β, and γ peaks were attributed to H2 at the groove site and interstitial channel of a SWCNT bundle and inside of SWCNT, respectively. The sharpness of the α peak and the ratio of α to β and γ were found to depend strongly on the sample preparation condition. With this cryo-TDS technique, the perfectibility of the carbon network of SWCNTs can be reliably and sensitively evaluated.
Cell And Molecular Physiology: Modulation Of Membrane Transport Systems (1988)

This year's theme of the section on Cell and Molecular Physiology is primarily concerned with factors that modulate membrane transport systems. The characteristics displayed by all membrane transport systems appear to be defined by intrinsic as well as extrinsic determinants. Intrinsic properties are presumably set by the amino acid sequence defining the protein/transport complex structure, while extrinsic determinants are defined by environmental interactions such as with lipids, substrates, and ligands. Most of the articles in this section deal mainly with defining extrinsic determinants because until recently these aspects have been the most experimentally accessible. However, the application of molecular biological techniques to alter transport systems offers ways to evaluate intrinsic dcterminants. As always, space limitations prevent as complete a survey as desired. Nevertheless it seems clear that combinations as well as extensions of the various approaches discussed here provide considerable insight into the molecular mechanisms that underlie the transport reactions.
The DAG1 transcription factor negatively regulates the seed-to-seedling transition in Arabidopsis acting on ABA and GA levels (2016)

Our results point to DAG1 as a key player in the control of the developmental switch between seed dormancy and germination.
<title>Qualitative holographic-interferometric analysis of T-incisions of different length in vitro-A preliminary report</title> (1993)

Concepts including the length of T-incisions are mainly based on empirical evaluation of the surgeons. We report on a holographic interferometric study of the effects of straight T- incisions of 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm length using double-exposure holographic interferometry. A new classification of the central holographic interferometric fringe pattern including cross-like, parallel and convex fringes allows an objective qualitative analysis of 48 holographic interferograms of the corneas of six bovine eyes. The intraocular pressure is 1340 Pa with 10 Pa and 20 Pa pressure increase. T-incisions of 5 mm length of incision (incision depth 95%) change the holographic interferometric fringe pattern completely. An increase to 10 mm length of incision results in a change of holographic fringe pattern in 50% of the cases. With 15 mm length of incision only two types of holographic interferometric fringe pattern of the cornea can be seen: parallel fringes and irregular fringes indicating an instability of the cornea. This might be a reason for paradox flattening of the cornea in the unincised meridian.
Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis Issues in Distributed Power Generation Systems (2010)

Three issues are most critical in fuel processors which are integrated with polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells for power generation: the steam reformer configuration, which must ensure very rapid heat transfer to the reformation zone, the development of highly active catalysts for the water−gas shift (WGS) reaction and the development of highly selective catalysts for the methanation reaction. The heat-integrated wall reactor (HIWAR), in either the tubular or the plate form, which offers very rapid heat exchange between a combustion and a reformation zone, is proposed. This configuration results in high efficiency and compact design. Platinum catalysts supported on a “reducible” metal oxide such as TiO2 exhibit high WGS activity, which can be further improved with the addition of alkali or alkaline earth promoters. Titania-supported ruthenium catalysts are capable of completely and selectively methanate CO in the presence of excess CO2, provided that catalyst characteristics are optimized and operating conditions are properly selected. Integration of the three developments can result in efficient power generation systems.
A Balanced Vector-Quantization Processor Eliminating Redundant Calculation for Real-Time Motion Picture Compression (2007)

A balanced vector-quantization (VQ) processor has been developed for real-time encoding of motion pictures (640times480 pixels) by using FPGA. The VQ processor employs a search algorithm for VQ encoding to reduce computational complexity and hardware volume. And this VQ processor employs a new architecture of distance calculation unit. By adopting the pipeline composition of each element, the number of distance calculation units could be reduced compared with fully parallel hardware architecture. Besides, in order to reduce memory size of codebook, 2048 template vectors consist of 512 basic template vectors, and the distance calculation units using pipeline composition are arranged in parallel for rotated template vectors. As a result, real-time VQ processor on FPGA is balanced architecture compared with the fully parallel architecture.
Configuration-space performance anomaly depiction (2008)

Complex distributed systems (like those based on J2EE platforms) are designed to perform well for a variety of application workloads and configuration settings. In practice, however, the system performance may not meet the expectation at all execution conditions. This short paper describes our research on depicting performance anomaly manifestations over a large execution condition space for distributed systems. Specifically, we provide a case examination of our research target and describe our work in three areas---performance anomaly identification, configuration-space anomaly depiction, and the utilizations of depiction results.
Amino acid sequence of flagellin of Bacillus subtilis 168. I. Cyanogen bromide peptides. (1976)

Sequence studies are presented on the cyanogen bromide peptides derived from the flagellin of Bacillus subtilis 168. Eight unique CNBr peptides, ranging in length from 4 to 113 residues, were isolated in pure state. These peptides accounted for the amino acid composition of flagellin. The NH2-terminal methionyl residue of the protein reacted only partially with CNBr. Partial cleavage was observed at a Met-Glu bond (residues 22 to 23) of the protein.
The U-Box Protein CMPG1 Is Required for Efficient Activation of Defense Mechanisms Triggered by Multiple Resistance Genes in Tobacco and Tomato (2006)

We previously identified three Avr9/Cf-9 Rapidly Elicited (ACRE) genes essential for Cf-9- and Cf-4-dependent hypersensitive response (HR) production in Nicotiana benthamiana. Two of them encode putative E3 ubiquitin ligase components. This led us to investigate other ACRE genes associated with the ubiquitination pathway. ACRE74 encodes a U-box E3 ligase homolog, highly related to parsley (Petroselinum crispum) CMPG1 and Arabidopsis thaliana PLANT U-BOX20 (PUB20) and PUB21 proteins, and was called Nt CMPG1. Transcript levels of Nt CMPG1 and the homologous tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Cmpg1 are induced in Cf9 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Cf9 tomato after Avr9 elicitation. Tobacco CMPG1 possesses in vitro E3 ligase activity. N. benthamiana plants silenced for Nt CMPG1 show reduced HR after Cf-9/Avr9 elicitation, while overexpression of Nt CMPG1 induces a stronger HR in Cf9 tobacco plants after Avr9 infiltration. In tomato, silencing of Cmpg1 decreased resistance to Cladosporium fulvum. Overexpression of epitope-tagged tobacco CMPG1 mutated in the U-box domain confers a dominant-negative phenotype. We also show that Nt CMPG1 is involved in the Pto/AvrPto and Inf1 responses. In summary, we show that the E3 ligase Nt CMPG1 is essential for plant defense and disease resistance.
Quantitative study of nitridated sapphire surfaces by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1999)

The characteristics of an amorphous oxynitride layer formed by nitridation are studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in order to reveal the role of nitridation before GaN growth in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The intensity variation of the N 1s peak with nitridation time is analyzed quantitatively using a diffusion-based model. The effective diffusion coefficient of nitrogen-related species in the amorphous layer is estimated to be 4×10−18 cm2/s at 1000 °C. The thickness of the amorphous layer is on the order of monolayers because of this small diffusion coefficient. The nitrogen concentration in the layer, however, is as high as the order of the site density of O atoms on the sapphire surface. These characteristics imply that the role of the amorphous layer formed by nitridation is to modify surface energy with high-density N atoms rather than to form a buffer-like layer.
Detecting out-of-domain utterances addressed to a virtual personal assistant (2014)

Conversational understanding systems, especially virtual personal assistants (VPAs), perform “targeted” natural language understanding, assuming their users stay within the walled gardens of covered domains, and back-off to generic web search otherwise. However, users usually do not know the concept of domains and sometimes simply do not distinguish the system from simple voice search. Hence it becomes an important problem to identify these rejected out-of-domain utterances which are actually intended for the VPA. This paper presents a study tackling this new task, showing that how one utters a request is more important for this task than what is uttered, resembling addressee detection or dialog act tagging. To this end, syntactic and semantic parse “structure” features are extracted in addition to lexical features to train a binary SVM classifier using a large number of random web search queries and VPA utterances from multiple domains. We present controlled experiments leaving one domain out and check the precision of the model when combined with unseen queries. Our results indicate that such structured features result in higher precision especially when the test domain bears little resemblance to the existing domains.
Conversion of Single Crystal (NH4)2Mo3S13·H2O to Isomorphic Pseudocrystals of MoS2 Nanoparticles (2018)

We have prepared nanocrystals of MoS2 across a range of length scales by heating single crystals of the molecular precursor (NH4)2Mo3S13·H2O. Rod-shaped crystals of the polysulfide precursor retain their original morphology after heating at temperatures up to 1000 °C and undergo complete conversion to MoS2 while acting as a template for the confined formation of MoS2 nanocrystals. This solid state transformation proceeds with the release of gaseous species without blowing the crystals apart and leads to formation of pores embedded into a nanocrystalline assembly of the templated nano-MoS2. The obtained assemblies of MoS2 nanocrystals have the exact same shape of the original rod-shaped (NH4)2Mo3S13·H2O crystals indicative of a pseudomorphic shape-retentive process. Such crystal-shaped nanocrystal assemblies show electrical conductivity values similar to a bulk MoS2 single crystal with electron carrier concentration of 1.5 × 1014 cm–3 and mobility of 7 cm2/(V s). The nanocrystals of MoS2 were grown at temperatures ranging from 450 to 1000 °C, and the sizes, shapes, morphologies, and their orientations can be engineered as a function of heating rate, soaking time, and temperature. These findings suggest a unique process for constrained templated nanocrystal growth from an organized molecular precursor structure with control of bulk morphology, size distribution, and orientation of nanocrystallites.
PREVENTION OF GRAFT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS MEDIATED BY INDIRECT ALLORECOGNITION USING A SIGNALING CD28 ANTIBODY. (2000)

Dong, Victor M.1; Yuan, Xueli1; Coito, Ana J.2; Chandraker, Anil1; Sayegh, Mohamed H.1 Author Information
Molecular tools for diagnosing diseases of the adrenal cortex (2023)

Diagnosing adrenocortical diseases can be challenging; however, the progress of molecular tools for adrenocortical disease diagnosis has greatly contributed to early detection and to meliorate patient outcomes.
ANALYSIS OF PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND α1-ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN INTERACTION USING ANTIPEPTIDE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (2001)

The linear anti-D10P mAb epitope is located outside of the PSA-ACT binding site. However, these mAbs may be of value for evaluating the presence of different molecular PSA forms in sera.