gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SpringExo, a spring-based exoskeleton for providing knee assistance: Design, Characterization and Feasibility Study (2021)

This paper presents the design and preliminary evaluation of a portable spring-based knee exoskeleton, the SpringExo, which is designed to provide assistance to the leg while minimizing interference with the natural leg movement. Traditional rigid exoskeletons are unable to accurately align with a user&#x2019;s anatomical joints. In addition, the user&#x2019;s natural motion pattern is likely to change due to the constraints of the rigid exoskeleton. Though some textile-based soft exosuits and cable-driven soft exoskeletons have been developed to achieve better alignment with human&#x2019;s biological joints, forces applied by the cables have to be sustained by human skeleton and joints. SpringExo, in comparison, uses a coil spring which the user wears around the thigh and shank, and does not require alignment with the joints. The spring stores energy and provides minimal interference during elastic deformation. A key feature of the SpringExo is that the springs store energy during the flexion phase and release this energy to assist the knee extension in the extension phase. We conducted human subjects study to verify its biomechanical and physiological effects on the user during stair ascent. Results from a six-subject study showed that the device did not interfere with the natural joint angles and assisted knee extension during stair ascent. However, further redesign and optimization are needed on the actuation system to offset SpringExo&#x2019;s drawback of hindering knee flexion.
Joint User Grouping, Scheduling, and Precoding for Multicast Energy Efficiency in Multigroup Multicast Systems (2020)

This paper studies the joint design of user grouping, scheduling (or admission control) and precoding to optimize energy efficiency (EE) for multigroup multicast scenarios in single-cell multiuser MISO downlink channels. Noticing that the existing definition of EE fails to account for group sizes, a new metric called multicast energy efficiency (MEE) is proposed. In this context, the joint design is considered for the maximization of MEE, EE, and scheduled users. Firstly, with the help of binary variables (associated with grouping and scheduling) the joint design problem is formulated as a mixed-Boolean fractional programming problem such that it facilitates the joint update of grouping, scheduling and precoding variables. Further, several novel optimization formulations are proposed to reveal the hidden difference of convex/ concave structure in the objective and associated constraints. Thereafter, we propose a convex-concave procedure framework based iterative algorithm for each optimization criteria where grouping, scheduling, and precoding variables are updated jointly in each iteration. Finally, we compare the performance of the three design criteria concerning three performance metrics namely MEE, EE, and scheduled users through Monte-Carlo simulations. These simulations establish the need for MEE and the improvement from the system optimization.
19.4 A 0.17-to-3.5mW 0.15-to-5GHz SoC PLL with 15dB built-in supply noise rejection and self-bandwidth control in 14nm CMOS (2016)

With recent advancements in SoC integration, modern SoC architectures can employ more than 20 PLLs [1]. To address SoC clocking needs with an ever reducing power budget, a deep sub-mW to low-mW PLL having a FoM between -226dB and -234dB from 0.8GHz to 5GHz is presented. The PLL features a modular implementation and therefore could be used as the local clock source or as part of a clock-generation hub. The hub provides reference clocks to subsystems from a single platform crystal oscillator through a combination of divisions and distributions.
Proximity Effect on Nanophotonic Phased Arrays (2019)

Proximity effect can affect thermal-modulated nanophotonic phased array holographic displays. The impact of proximity effect on holographic imagery is investigated and the improvement using proximity effect correction methods is demonstrated.
Design and evaluation of feature detectors (1998)

Many applications in both image processing and computational vision rely upon the robust detection of parametric image features and the accurate estimation of their parameters. In this thesis, I address three fundamental questions related to the design and evaluation of parametric feature detectors.
Most feature detectors have been designed to detect a single type of feature, more often than not, the step edge. A large number of other features are also of interest. Since the task of designing a feature detector is very time consuming, repeating the design effort for each feature is wasteful. To address this deficiency, in the first part of this thesis I develop an algorithm that takes as input a description of a parametric feature and automatically constructs a detector for it.
The development of many feature detectors begins with an ideal model of the feature. Since image data are noisy, feature detectors must actually detect features that are almost, but not quite, ideal. Many existing feature detectors can therefore be regarded as being defined by two components: (1) an ideal feature model, and (2) a function that measures how far the image data may deviate from ideal and still be regarded as the feature. For many detectors, little consideration has been given to the selection of the second of these two components. In the second part of this thesis, I present a method of selecting the deviation function to maximize the performance of the general purpose feature detector described in the first part.
Essentially only two methods have actually been used to evaluate feature detectors empirically. The first consists of applying the detectors to a small number of real images and getting a human to evaluate the outputs. The second method involves generating a large number of synthetic images and then computing performance metrics from the outputs using knowledge of the way that the synthetic images were generated. Both of these approaches have their flaws. The first method is subjective. The second method does not use real images. In the third and final part of this thesis, I propose a class of evaluation techniques that use a large number of real images, and yet provide non-subjective performance metrics.
Architecture, Voltage, and Components for a Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion Electric Grid (AVC-TeDP) (2015)

The purpose of this effort was to advance the selection, characterization, and modeling of a propulsion electric grid for a Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion (TeDP) system for transport aircraft. The TeDP aircraft would constitute a miniature electric grid with 50 MW or more of total power, two or more generators, redundant transmission lines, and multiple electric motors driving propulsion fans. The study proposed power system architectures, investigated electromechanical and solid state circuit breakers, estimated the impact of the system voltage on system mass, and recommended DC bus voltage range. The study assumed an all cryogenic power system. Detailed assumptions within the study include hybrid circuit breakers, a two cryogen system, and supercritical cyrogens. A dynamic model was developed to investigate control and parameter selection.
Revealing the microstructure evolution of the deformed superelastic NiTi wire by EBSD (2023)

The generation of irreversible macroscopic strains in superelastic NiTi alloys is an important issue closely related to the crystallography of the transformation from B2 austenite to B19’ martensite under stress. Although widely investigated at micro and nano scales by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the observation of this phase transformation at the mesoscale is still lacking. In the present study, a superelastic NiTi wire was maintained in bending condition and investigated by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. A strong variant selection and a formation of martensite texture were observed and quantified using the interaction work (IW) based on the distortion matrix of a single variant. A new habit plane between martensite and parent B2, {114}B2 || (201¯)M, was experimentally measured. It was explained by the Phenomenological Theory of Martensite Crystallography (PTMC) using dislocation slip {110}<001>B2 as lattice invariant shear (LIS). Some new B2 domains were also found in {114}B2 twinning relation with primary B2 grain. Two scenarios are proposed to explain them: a) the direct formation of {114}B2 deformation twin in B2, and b) a more complex one in which a primary B2 grain is transformed into a martensite variant, a (201¯)M deformation twin is formed inside this variant; then the (201¯)M twinned martensite reversely transforms into a new {114}B2 twinned B2 domain. The scenario b) permits to explain some uncommon (130)M, (201)M, and (101¯)M twins observed by EBSD between the martensite variants of the two {114}B2 twin-related B2 phases.
3D Melanoma Cocultures as Improved Models for Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of RNA to Tumors (2022)

Cancer therapy is an emergent application for mRNA therapeutics. While in tumor immunotherapy, mRNA encoding for tumor-associated antigens is delivered to antigen-presenting cells in spleen and lymph nodes, other therapeutic options benefit from immediate delivery of mRNA nanomedicines directly to the tumor. However, tumor targeting of mRNA therapeutics is still a challenge, since, in addition to delivery of the cargo to the tumor, specifics of the targeted cell type as well as its interplay with the tumor microenvironment are crucial for successful intervention. This study investigated lipoplex nanoparticle-mediated mRNA delivery to spheroid cell culture models of melanoma. Insights into cell-type specific targeting, non-cell-autonomous effects, and penetration capacity in tumor and stroma cells of the mRNA lipoplex nanoparticles were obtained. It was shown that both coculture of different cell types as well as three-dimensional cell growth characteristics can modulate distribution and transfection efficiency of mRNA lipoplex formulations. The results demonstrate that three-dimensional coculture spheroids can provide a valuable surplus of information in comparison to adherent cells. Thus, they may represent in vitro models with enhanced predictivity for the in vivo activity of cancer nanotherapeutics.
Guanidinium-based “molecular glues” for modulation of biomolecular functions (2017)

Molecular adhesion based on multivalent interactions plays essential roles in various biological processes. Hence, "molecular glues" that can adhere to biomolecules may modulate biomolecular functions and therefore can be applied to therapeutics. This tutorial review describes design strategies for developing adhesive motifs for biomolecules based on multivalent interactions. We highlight a guanidinium ion-based salt-bridge as a key interaction for adhesion to biomolecules and discuss the application of molecular glues for manipulation of biomolecular assemblies, drug delivery systems, and modulation of biomolecular functions.
Virtual path bandwidth allocation in multiuser networks (1997)

We consider a multiuser network that is shared by noncooperative users. Each user sets up virtual paths that optimize its own selfish performance measure. This measure accounts for the guaranteed call level quality of service, as well as for the cost incurred for reserving the resource. The interaction among the user strategies is formalized as a noncooperative game. We show that the game has a unique Nash equilibrium and that it possesses a certain fairness property. We investigate the dynamics of this game and prove convergence to the Nash equilibrium of both a Gauss-Seidel scheme and a Jacobi scheme. We extend our study to various general network topologies. Finally, the formal results and some extensions thereof are tested by emulating the schemes on an experimental network.
Manipulation of health span and function by dietary caloric restriction mimetics (2015)

After nearly a century of rigorous investigation and testing, dietary caloric restriction (CR) remains the most robust and reproducible method for slowing aging and maintaining health, function, and vitality. This intervention has been applied to species across the evolutionary spectrum, but for a number of reasons, practical applicability to humans has been questioned. To overcome these issues, we initiated the field of CR mimetics in 1998 and have observed its development into a full-fledged antiaging industry. Basically, strategies that enable individuals to obtain the biological benefits of CR without reducing actual food intake can be considered CR mimetics, whether functional, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, or other. Some of the best known candidates include resveratrol and related agents, the antidiabetic drug metformin, and rapamycin and other mTOR regulators. While the mechanisms of action vary, these and essentially all CR mimetic candidates work through at least some of the same pathways as actual CR. While the entire field continues to evolve rapidly, the current status will be reviewed here, with particular focus on recent developments, the most practical relevance and applicability for potential consumers, and new strategies for the future.
Metal–Organic Frameworks as Fuels for Advanced Applications: Evaluating and Modifying the Combustion Energy of Popular MOFs (2019)

Systematic investigation of combustion energies for popular metal–organic framework materials reveals energy content comparable to conventional energetic materials, which can be further modified and fine-tuned through the control of framework topology or isostructural ligand replacement to yield energy densities comparable to conventional energetic materials such as trinitrotoluene and hydrazine-, diesel-, or kerosene-based fuels.
Experiences in integrating distributed shared memory with virtual memory management (1992)

While the duality between message-passing and shared memory for interprocess communication is well-known, the shared memory paradigm has drawn considerable attention in recent times even in distributed systems. Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) is the abstraction for supporting the notion of shared memory in a physically non-shared (distributed) architecture. It gives a uniform set of mechanisms for accessing local and remote memories. Further, by combining shared memory style synchronization with the actual data transport in the DSM design, it is possible to provide flexible sharing while assuring mutual exclusion when necessary. This research reports on our experience in implementing a DSM system in an object-based distributed operating system. The important observation from this experience is the need for a tight cooperation between the virtual memory management at each node and the mechanisms provided by the DSM. Such a cooperation is essential to assure good performance of the DSM mechanisms and make the shared memory paradigm viable in a distributed environment.
Absence de critères prédictifs d'une récidive symptomatique de la maladie de Crohn au site d'anastomose chirurgicale (1990)

Recurrence of Crohn's disease at the ileocolonic anastomosis after curative surgery is frequent. Prognostic value of several parameters at the time of surgery was studied in 37 patients to detect early symptomatic recurrence of Crohn's disease after surgery. These included patient age at the time of surgery, sex, disease duration before surgery, clinical activity index, length of resected bowel, presence of granulomas in resected bowel segment, indication for surgery, type of medical treatment before surgery, and biochemical parameters at the time of surgery (ESR, C reactive protein and serum albumin level). Symptomatic recurrence associated with endoscopic lesions at the anastomotic site was observed in 10 of 37 patients (27 percent), within one year after surgery. None of the studied parameters were able to differentiate the patients with recurrence or not
Normal Positron Emission Tomography-Computerized Tomogram in a Patient with Apparent Mesenteric Panniculitis: Biopsy Is Still the Answer (2009)

Mesenteric panniculitis (also known as sclerosing mesenteritis) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mesenteric connective tissue. It is known to have a wide spectrum of clinical and radiological presentations. In general, biopsy is recommended for diagnosis; however, a recent study proposed that a negative positron emission tomography- computerized tomography (PET-CT) scan is accurate in differentiating benign and neoplastic mesenteric processes [Br J Radiol 2006;79:37-43]. The following case report questions the accuracy of PET-CT in this setting and confirms the requirement for biopsy to rule out the presence of mesenteric lymphoma.
A solid electrolyte nanometer switch (2008)

Abstract We have investigated solid electrolyte switches that utilize electrochemical reactions (deposition and dissolution) of metallic ions. The switch turns off or on when a metallic bridge electrochemically forms or dissolves in the solid electrolyte. Each state is nonvolatile and the switching is repeatable up to 10 5 cycles. The promising application is a programmable switch in a field programmable logic because of its small size (&lt;30 nm) and low ON resistance (&lt;100Ω). This paper discusses the electrical characteristics, operation principle, and applications of the solid electrolyte switch. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(1): 68–73, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20542
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. SPMA113, a Prajinamide Producer (2016)

We report here the draft genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. SPMA113 isolated from soil in Thailand. This strain produces a new modified peptide, prajinamide, which has adipocyte differentiation activity. The genome harbors at least 30 gene clusters for synthases of polyketide and nonribosomal peptide, suggesting its potential to produce diverse secondary metabolites.
Theory of long term gain growth in traveling wave tubes (2000)

The properties of the attenuator materials used in traveling wave tubes (TWT) are a major factor in determining the gain of the tube. Carbon is a commonly used attenuator material which is typically deposited on the dielectric rods used to support the helix slow wave structure in TWTs. The deposited carbon layers are susceptible to ion bombardment induced damage during operation and outgassing of the tube, which increases the electrical resistivity of the layer and reduces the rf loss in the tube. The total gain in the tube grows during this process until the bombardment ceases or the layer damage saturates. A simple theory is developed that relates this gain change to the gas evolved in the tube that results in the particle bombardment of the layers during operation. The model accurately describes the observed time dependent behavior of the gain, and the time constant for outgassing the tube is found for several tubes ranging from S to Ka band. The time constant increases significantly for smaller, high frequency tubes with a low conductance and poor pumping speeds. The model shows that stabilization of the gain occurs after several time constants have passed, which may take hundreds to thousands of hours.
Interaction of torsional dynamics and loads (2009)

In this paper, the linearization equations of load models including fifth-order motor, constant impedance (Z), constant current (I) and constant power (P) are derived, which can interface with the network equations for the analysis of subsynchronous resonance (SSR). The IEEE First Benchmark Model is adopted to analyze the effect of the above load models on the damping characteristics of torsional modes. It is observed that the analysis result can be optimistic without inclusion of load models and there is no any load model which ensures that the results are always conservative. (5 pages)
Chasing the Weakest System Model for Implementing Omega and Consensus (Brief Announcement) (2006)

The chase for the weakest system model that allows to solve consensus has long been an active branch of research in distributed algorithms. To circumvent the FLP impossibility in asynchronous systems, many models in between synchrony and asynchrony have been proposed over the years. Of speciﬁc interest is the chase for the weakest system model that allows the implementation of an eventual leader oracle Ω, and thus also enables consensus to be solved. Recently, Aguilera et al. [ADGFT04] and Malkhi et al. [MOZ05] presented two system models which are weaker than all previously proposed models where Ω can be implemented. The former model assumes unicast steps and at least one correct process with f outgoing eventually timely links. The latter assumes broadcast steps and at least one correct process with f bidirectional but moving eventually timely links. Consequently, those models are incomparable. Our main result in the full paper [HMSZ05:TR] shows that Ω can be implemented in a system with at least one process with f outgoing moving eventually timely links, assuming either unicast or broadcast steps. Our construction seems to solve consensus (via Ω) in the weakest system model known so far.
Platform for Controlled Supramolecular Nanoassembly (2009)

We here present a two-dimensional (2D) micro/nano-fluidic technique where reactant-doped liquid-crystal films spread and mix on micro- and nanopatterned substrates. Surface-supported phospholipid monolayers are individually doped with complementary DNA molecules which hybridize when these lipid films mix. Using lipid films to convey reactants reduces the dimensionality of traditional 3D chemistry to 2D, and possibly to 1D by confining the lipid film to nanometer-sized lanes. The hybridization event was observed by FRET using single-molecule-sensitive confocal fluorescence detection. We could successfully detect hybridization in lipid streams on 250 nm wide lanes. Our results show that the number and density of reactants as well as sequence of reactant addition can be controlled within confined liquid crystal films, providing a platform for nanochemistry with potential for kinetic control.
Quantitative phase imaging method based on an analytical nonparaxial partially coherent phase optical transfer function: erratum (2017)

A correction is given for Eq. (8) in J. Opt. Soc. Am. A33, 2125 (2016)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.33.002125.
Tailoring particle morphology of spray dried mannitol carrier particles by variation of the outlet temperature (2010)

The aim of this work is to study the influence of s pray-drying outlet temperature and on particle morp hology of spray-dried mannitol samples. Obtained products are intended to be used as carrier particles in dry po wder inhalers (DPIs).
Effects of an Internally-Mounted Cathode on Hall Thruster Plume Properties (2006)

The effects of cathode position on the plume properties of an 8 kW BHT-8000 Busek Hall thruster are discussed. Experiments were conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in a vacuum chamber suitable for the development and qualification of high-power Hall thrusters. Multi-mode Hall thruster operation was demonstrated at operating conditions ranging from 200-500 V discharge voltage, 10-40 A discharge current, and 2-8 kW discharge power. Reductions in plume divergence and increased near-field plume symmetries were found to result from the use of an internally-mounted cathode instead of the traditional externally-mounted configuration. High-current hollow cathodes developed at JPL utilizing lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) emitters were also demonstrated. Discharge currents up to 100 A were achieved with the cathode operating alone and up to 40 A during operation with the Hall thruster. LaB6 cathodes were investigated because of their potential to reduce overall system cost and risk due to less stringent xenon purity and handling requirements.