gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cathodic debonding of undersea electronic cable connectors: Delamination kinetics when primers and encapsulants are bonded directly to bare metal connector backshells (2013)

When undersea cable connectors are attached to receptacles that are part of a cathodically protected vessel hull, the encapsulants applied over the connector backshells to protect the interior of the connector from seawater ingression often rapidly debond from the backshell, thereby compromising the interior of the cable and connector. This process is called “cathodic delamination” or “cathodic disbondment” and it is believed to be caused by the generation of highly alkaline conditions at the metal-encapsulant bondline due to the reduction of dissolved oxygen and the subsequent generation of hydroxyl (OH-) ions. An investigation into the kinetics of this process for the case where encapsulants and their associated primers are bonded directly to bare metal connector backshells was undertaken to develop better accelerated life testing techniques for marine hardware subject to cathodic delamination. Two different commercial encapsulation systems were investigated: PR-420 primer/PR-1547 polyurethane (PRC-DeSoto) and AD-1146 primer/EN-1556 polyurethane (Cytec). Small sacrificial zinc anodes were used to provide the proper cathodic polarization for the test samples. This testing revealed that cathodic debonding preferentially proceeds from exposed edges/bondlines inward, rather than through the encapsulant. Some primer/encapsulant systems (e.g., the PRC-Desoto system) are inherently more resistant to cathodic delamination that other systems. The rate at which the debonding proceeds was found to be diffusion controlled and was linear when plotted versus the square root of elapsed time. Debonding rate data were used to determine the Arrhenius activation energy for the cathodic delamination of both encapsulation systems (8.4 kcals/mole for the PRC-DeSoto system and 2.6 kcals/mole for the Cytec system), which are quite different from the experimentally determined Arrhenius activation energies for the diffusion of water through the various encapsulants (3.1 kcals/mole and 3.9 kcals/mole, respectively). These results suggest that the cathodic delamination process for undersea electronic cable connectors is controlled by the rate of water and dissolved species diffusing along the disrupted bondline, rather than by water the rate of water and oxygen diffusing through the encapsulant.
Inhibition of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease-13 Improves Behavioral Performance in Alpha-Synuclein Expressing Mice (2022)

Ubiquitin-Specific Protease-13 (USP13) promotes protein de-ubiquitination. USP13 levels are upregulated in post-mortem Parkinson's disease, whereas USP13 knockdown via shRNA reduces alpha-synuclein levels in animal models. We studied the role of USP13 in knockout mice expressing lentiviral human alpha-synuclein and investigated the impact of a small molecule inhibitor of USP13, BK50118-C, on alpha-synuclein pathology and animal behavior. Alpha-synuclein was expressed unilaterally in substantia nigra (SN) of USP13 deficient mice that were treated with a daily intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg BK50118-C or DMSO for four consecutive weeks, and behavioral and functional assays were performed. Wild-type USP13<sup>+/+</sup> mice expressing lentiviral human alpha-synuclein showed motor and behavioral defects that were not seen in partially (USP13<sup>+/-</sup>) or completely (USP13<sup>-/-</sup>) deficient USP13 mice. BK50118-C displayed a wide and favorable therapeutic dose range in vivo. Treatment with BK50118-C significantly reduced ubiquitinated alpha-synuclein, increased dopamine levels, and improved motor and behavioral symptoms in wild-type (USP13<sup>+/+</sup>), but not USP13 deficient, mice. These data suggest that USP13 is critical to the neuropathology of alpha-synuclein, whereas a novel small molecule inhibitor of USP13 is a potential therapeutic agent of alpha-synucleinopathies.
Rapid and accurate electrochemical sensor for food allergen detection in complex foods (2021)

Food allergies are estimated to affect about 2-5% of adults and 6-8% of children, globally. Currently, the most effective strategy for food allergy management is stringent avoidance of the offending allergen. Unlike other major food allergens, soy is uniquely challenging to avoid due to its prevalence and insidiousness in a wide variety of foods, such as infant formulas. Recently, we demonstrated a simple, accurate, and consumer-friendly sensor using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for rapid detection of soy allergenic tracers in complex food matrices at clinically relevant levels. In this work, we build on these findings by subjecting MIP-based soy allergen sensors to test trials in 42 different food products, representing over 300 ingredients. Foods were selected based on their compositional complexity to capture a wide range of preparatory methods and processing conditions. In each case, the Allergy Amulet correctly reported on the presence or absence of soy allergen tracer in investigated samples and were subjected to immunoassay confirmatory analysis. The outcome of this research will help resolve persistent difficulties with commercial technologies in detecting allergenic tracers with minimal cross-interference in foods, and will give those with soy allergies the ability to easily, rapidly, and accurately identify and avoid foods with soy allergens.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Calicheamicin Aryltetrasaccharide Domain Bearing a Reducing Terminus: Coupling of Fully Synthetic Aglycone and Carbohydrate Domains by the Schmidt Reaction. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Colorimetric Humidity Sensor Based on Liquid Composite Materials for the Monitoring of Food and Pharmaceuticals (2014)

Using supported ionic-liquid membrane (SILM)-inspired methodologies, we have synthesized, characterized, and developed a humidity sensor by coating a liquid composite material onto a hygroscopic, porous substrate. Similar to pH paper, the sensor responds to the environment's relative humidity and changes color accordingly. The humidity indicator is prepared by casting a few microliters of low-toxicity reagents on a nontoxic substrate. The sensing material is a newly synthesized liquid composite that comprises a hygroscopic medium for environmental humidity capture and a color indicator that translates the humidity level into a distinct color change. Sodium borohydride was used to form a liquid composite medium, and DenimBlu30 dye was used as a redox indicator. The liquid composite medium provides a hygroscopic response to the relative humidity, and DenimBlu30 translates the chemical changes into a visual change from yellow to blue. The borate-redox dye-based humidity sensor was prepared, and then Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and image analysis methods were used to characterize the chemical composition, optimize synthesis, and gain insight into the sensor reactivity. Test results indicated that this new sensing material can detect relative humidity in the range of 5-100% in an irreversible manner with good reproducibility and high accuracy. The sensor is a low-cost, highly sensitive, easy-to-use humidity indicator. More importantly, it can be easily packaged with products to monitor humidity levels in pharmaceutical and food packaging.
Trace analysis of non-basal plane misfit stress relaxation in (202¯1) and (303¯1¯) semipolar InGaN/GaN heterostructures (2012)

We have studied primary and secondary slip systems in the relaxation of lattice mismatch stresses in (202¯1) and (303¯1¯) semipolar InxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures by analyzing the geometry of traces associated with dislocations employing cathodoluminescence, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. For (202¯1) InxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures, the primary relaxation is by dislocation glide on the c-plane 112¯0(0001) slip system and secondary relaxation is by dislocation glide on inclined planes including the m-plane 〈112¯0〉{11¯00} slip system. For (303¯1¯) grown heterostructures non-basal slip, namely dislocation glide on the m-plane slip system, is the initial stress relaxation pathway.
Carbon Nanotubes Based 3-D Matrix for Enabling Three-Dimensional Nano-Magneto-Electronics (2012)

This letter describes the use of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT)-based arrays with estimated 2-nm thick cobalt (Co) nanoparticles deposited inside individual tubes to unravel the possibility of using the unique templates for ultra-high-density low-energy 3-D nano-magneto-electronic devices. The presence of oriented 2-nm thick Co layers within individual nanotubes in the CNT-based 3-D matrix is confirmed through VSM measurements as well as an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Secondary electron dopant contrast imaging of compound semiconductor junctions (2011)

Secondary electron imaging combined with immersion lens and through-the-lens detection has been used to analyze various semiconductor junctions. Dopant contrast imaging was applied for multi-doped 4H–SiC, growth-interrupted n+/p and n/n+ homoepitaxial interfaces, and an AlGaAs/GaAs p-n junction light-emitting diode structure. Dopant contrast was explained by the local variation in secondary electron escape energies resulting from the built-in potential difference. The effect of varying electron affinity on contrast for the heterostructures is also discussed. The contrast profile of the n-doped AlGaAs compared reasonably well to the simulated valence bandedge energy using a previously determined efficiency of dopant ionization.
Computer Assited Desingn of Substation Grounding (1985)

A "user friendly" computer program was developed to assist in design and optimization of substation grounding. The Program is based on the proposed third edition of the IEEE std. 80 "Guide for Safety in Substation Grounding."[1, 9].
Alpha-particle-induced charge collection in p-n junction diodes in semi-insulating GaAs substrates (1991)

The bias and angle dependences of the alpha-particle-induced charge collected by GaAs p-n junction diodes are investigated. These diodes, in which the n-layer overlays the p-layer, are fabricated in a semi-insulating GaAs substrate by Si and Mg ion implantation. /sup 241/Am placed in a vacuum is used as an alpha-particle source with an initial energy of 4.03 MeV and a fluence of 5.4*10/sup -5//s/ mu m/sup 2/. The results show that the collected charge is nearly independent of the applied bias. This bias independence may be further evidence that the charge funneling process is not important in semi-insulating GaAs. A model not incorporating funneling can explain the measured angular dependence. Based on this model, the design principle for the buried p-layer structure is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low-resolution photo/drawing classification: metrics, method and archiving optimization (2005)

Archiving and re-purposing are automated using zoning analysis that performs segmentation (region boundary definition), classification (region typing) and bit-depth determination. For performance throughput reasons, zoning analysis is often performed on a low-resolution (e.g. 50-100 ppi) representation of the document. At these resolutions, heuristic metrics for classification are required. Reported here are metrics for distinguishing photos and color drawings, and a novel classification technique based solely on the statistics of each heuristic metric. The statistical technique allows ready combination of multiple binary classifiers, and provides a lower classification error than simple voting or metric-confidence techniques. This technique permits new metrics to improve the overall classification. The benefit of this technique on archival optimization is shown.
In Situ Characterization of Inconel 718 Post-Dynamic Recrystallization within a Scanning Electron Microscope (2017)

Microstructure evolution within the post-dynamic regime following hot deformation was investigated in Inconel 718 samples with different dynamically recrystallized volume fractions and under conditions such that no δ-phase particles were present. In situ annealing treatments carried out to mimic post-dynamic conditions inside the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) chamber suggest the occurrence of both metadynamic and static recrystallization mechanisms. Static recrystallization was observed in addition to metadynamic recrystallization, only when the initial dynamically recrystallized volume fraction was very small. The initial volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains appears to be decisive for subsequent microstructural evolution mechanisms and kinetics. In addition, the formation of annealing twins is observed along with the growth of recrystallized grains, but then the twin density decreases as the material enters the capillarity-driven grain growth regime.
The nucleolar protein NIFK promotes cancer progression via CK1α/β-catenin in metastasis and Ki-67-dependent cell proliferation (2016)

Nucleolar protein interacting with the FHA domain of pKi-67 (NIFK) is a Ki-67-interacting protein. However, its precise function in cancer remains largely uninvestigated. Here we show the clinical significance and metastatic mechanism of NIFK in lung cancer. NIFK expression is clinically associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. Furthermore, NIFK enhances Ki-67-dependent proliferation, and promotes migration, invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo via downregulation of casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a suppressor of pro-metastatic TCF4/β-catenin signaling. Inversely, CK1α is upregulated upon NIFK knockdown. The silencing of CK1α expression in NIFK-silenced cells restores TCF4/β-catenin transcriptional activity, cell migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, RUNX1 is identified as a transcription factor of CSNK1A1 (CK1α) that is negatively regulated by NIFK. Our results demonstrate the prognostic value of NIFK, and suggest that NIFK is required for lung cancer progression via the RUNX1-dependent CK1α repression, which activates TCF4/β-catenin signaling in metastasis and the Ki-67-dependent regulation in cell proliferation.
Fault zone in massive limestones : karstified or not karstified contexts ? (2019)

International audience
Functionality of lung type II NKT cells developing in CD1d−/− animals (2017)

Abstract NKT cells are lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d. Type I NKT cells with semi-invariant TCR recognize α-galactosylceramide while many type II NKT cells with a more diverse TCR repertoire recognize sulfatide. We developed a stable sulfatide-loaded CD1d tetramer that allows the specific identification of type II NKT cells and found that they are enriched in the lung, a major site of tumor metastasis. An in-depth phenotypical analysis revealed that lung type II NKT cells were CD4 or CD8 single positive cells, like conventional T cells, whereas type I NKT cells were either CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8-. We showed that type II NKT cells expressed markers of myeloid cells, c-Kit, CD11b and Ly6C, even though morphological analysis revealed lymphocytic morphology. In contrast to type I NKT cells, type II NKT existed in PLZF−/− and CD1d−/− mice. Thus, we asked the importance of CD1d in the in vivo and in vitro activation of type II NKT cells. In the steady state, lung type II NKT cells expressed granzyme A but not granzyme B or perforin. By injecting sulfatide in vivo, we observed that WT but not CD1d−/− lung type II NKT cells upregulated granzyme A and Ki67 expression. Using syngeneic WT bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) as APCs, ex-vivo stimulation of WT but not CD1d−/− lung type II NKT cells with sulfatide induced the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-17. This was consistent with the expression of specific transcription factors, T-bet and RORγt, by lung type II NKT cells. In conclusion type II NKT cells still develop in CD1d−/− mice but are not functional. The ability to study responses of type II NKT cells in vitro can now help elucidate the mechanism by which these regulatory cells interact with other cells and modulate tumor immunity in the lung.
Performance and Reliability Co-design of LDMOS-SCR for Self-Protected High Voltage Applications On-Chip (2019)

In this work we address turn-on vulnerability of conventional LDMOS-SCR devices under standard circuit operation window. This behavior is correlated with early ESD / SoA failure and power-to-fail scalability issue in HV LDMOS-SCR devices. The 3D TCAD is used to Develop physical insights into the performance and reliability limiters of LDMOS-SCR device. Different engineered designs are proposed to mitigate turn-on vulnerability and ESD power to fail scalability, while keeping channel performance and hot carrier degradation unaffected.
<title>Laser-rock-fluid interaction: application of free-electron laser (FEL) in petroleum well drilling and completions</title> (1999)

The results of the first year of a Gas Research Institute funded research program to study laser-rock-fluid interaction will be presented. The overall purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility, costs, benefits, and the environmental impact of using laser technology to drill and complete oil and gas wells. When drilling and completing petroleum wells, many rock types (sandstone, limestone, dolomite, granite, shale, salt, concrete) and fluids (fresh water, salt water, oil, hydrocarbon gas, drilling fluids) must be penetrated by the laser. The Free-Electron Laser (FEL) technology is attractive because of the ability to tune the laser to different wavelengths. Laser energy absorbed by rocks is related to the wavelength of the laser source. The mechanisms of rock destruction (spalling, melting and vaporization) are therefore a function of the wavelength. The ability to transmit laser energy over long distances (up to 5000 m or 15,000 ft) is also a function of wavelength. Results of tests conducted at the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Army's high power laser facilities are presented. The challenges ahead to advance a fundamental change in the methods currently used to drill and complete petroleum wells are discussed.
CeO2-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Imidazolidinone from Ethylenediamine Carbamate (2021)

CeO<sub>2</sub> acted as an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the direct synthesis of 2-imidazolidinone from ethylenediamine carbamate (EDA-CA) without further addition of CO<sub>2</sub> in the reaction system. 2-Propanol was the best solvent among the solvents tested from the viewpoint of selectivity to 2-imidazolidinone, and the use of an adequate amount of 2-propanol provided high conversion and selectivity for the reaction. This positive effect of 2-propanol on the catalytic reaction can be explained by the solubility of EDA-CA in 2-propanol under the reaction conditions and no formation of solvent-derived byproducts. This catalytic system using the combination of the CeO<sub>2</sub> catalyst and the 2-propanol solvent provided 2-imidazolidinone in up to 83% yield on the EDA-CA basis at 413 K under Ar. The reaction conducted under Ar showed a higher reaction rate than that with pressured CO<sub>2</sub>, which clearly demonstrated the advantage of the catalytic system operated at low CO<sub>2</sub> pressure or even without CO<sub>2</sub>.
A Prospective Randomized Trial Evaluating Colloid Versus Crystalloid Resuscitation in the Treatment of the Vascular Leak Syndrome Associated with Interleukin-2 Therapy (1994)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based therapy induces a vascular leak syndrome (VLS), manifested by hypotension, tachycardia, and oliguria, as is also seen with septic shock. The optimal method for treating such VLS is not known. A prospective randomized trial was undertaken to compare crystalloid and colloid fluid resuscitation for patients receiving bolus IL-2-based therapy for metastatic cancer. All patients received maintenance crystalloid fluid administration and were randomized to receive crystalloid (0.9% normal saline) or colloid (5% human serum albumin) fluid boluses to maintain acceptable vital signs and urine output. Patients refractory to fluid boluses were given dopamine for oliguria and/or phenylephrine for hypotension. Of 107 patients who completed one cycle of therapy on study, 76 completed a full treatment course (two cycles) on study. The total number of saline and albumin fluid boluses given were 9.5 +/- 0.9 versus 7.7 +/- 0.7 (p = 0.36, n = 107) for the first cycle and 19.2 +/- 1.8 versus 16.1 +/- 1.6 (p = 0.33, n = 76) for a complete course, respectively. Although patients receiving saline boluses had significantly more oliguria during a course of therapy, weight gain, number of IL-2 doses, tachycardia, hypotension, vasopressor use, hospital stay, and clinical response rates did not significantly differ between arms. Changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin, protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were analyzed, and patients receiving crystalloid showed greater decreases in albumin (p < 0.0001) and total protein (p < 0.05) as expected. A 40-fold greater cost associated with albumin suggested that crystalloid resuscitation be used to treat the VLS associated with IL-2 therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ESR Study and Surface Reaction of Laser-Ablated Polymer Films (1994)

Abstract The formation of radicals on the surface of poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films after KrF excimer laser ablation was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement and by surface immobilization reaction with an acrylic acid ester and a styrene derivative at a cryogenic temperature. The ESR spectrum of ablated PEN film in a sealed quartz tube shows a broad singlet-like peak.
Monolithic, Hierarchical Surface Reliefs by Holographic Photofluidization of Azopolymer Arrays: Direct Visualization of Polymeric Flows (2011)

Abstract Hierarchically ordered, monolithic surface reliefs have attracted a great deal of interest due to their applications in advanced photonics and interface sciences. While many impressive achievements in fabrication of such surface reliefs have been made over the last decade, all established methods are still restricted by a number of factors, such as limited control of structural features, inherently induced structural defects, impractically low throughput, and technical barriers caused by mechanical contact. Herein, a deterministic and scalable fabrication of hierarchically ordered, monolithic surface reliefs by holographic photofluidization of azopolymer line arrays is demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that the structural features of monolithic surface reliefs including shapes and modulation heights can be deterministically tunable by adjusting the polarization and irradiation time of the holographic interference pattern. Moreover, by a direct visualization of azopolymeric flow according to the light polarization, a long‐standing question about the origin of surface‐relief‐grating formation on azopolymer film is addressed in terms of polymeric flows. Finally, as proof of concept for the practical application of the obtained hierarchical surface reliefs, dependence of wetting properties on modulating height is demonstrated.