gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation of 2D Cherenkov radiation (2022)

For over 80 years of research, the conventional description of free-electron radiation phenomena, such as Cherenkov radiation, has remained unchanged: classical three-dimensional electromagnetic waves. Interestingly, in reduced dimensionality, the properties of free-electron radiation are predicted to fundamentally change. Here, we present the first observation of Cherenkov surface waves, wherein free electrons emit narrow-bandwidth photonic quasiparticles propagating in two-dimensions. The low dimensionality and narrow bandwidth of the effect enable to identify quantized emission events through electron energy loss spectroscopy. Our results support the recent theoretical prediction that free electrons do not always emit classical light and can instead become entangled with the photons they emit. The two-dimensional Cherenkov interaction achieves quantum coupling strengths over two orders of magnitude larger than ever reported, reaching the single-electron-single-photon interaction regime for the first time with free electrons. Our findings pave the way to previously unexplored phenomena in free-electron quantum optics, facilitating bright, free-electron-based quantum emitters of heralded Fock states.
Result Integrity Check for MapReduce Computation on Hybrid Clouds (2013)

Large scale adoption of MapReduce computations on public clouds is hindered by the lack of trust on the participating virtual machines, because misbehaving worker nodes can compromise the integrity of the computation result. In this paper, we propose a novel MapReduce framework, Cross Cloud MapReduce (CCMR), which overlays the MapReduce computation on top of a hybrid cloud: the master that is in control of the entire computation and guarantees result integrity runs on a private and trusted cloud, while normal workers run on a public cloud. In order to achieve high accuracy, CCMR proposes a result integrity check scheme on both the map phase and the reduce phase, which combines random task replication, random task verification, and credit accumulation, and CCMR strives to reduce the overhead by reducing cross-cloud communication. We implement our approach based on Apache Hadoop MapReduce and evaluate our implementation on Amazon EC2. Both theoretical and experimental analysis show that our approach can guarantee high result integrity in a normal cloud environment while incurring non-negligible performance overhead (e.g., when 16.7% workers are malicious, CCMR can guarantee at least 99.52% of accuracy with 33.6% of overhead when replication probability is 0.3 and the credit threshold is 50).
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids Then and Now: From Solvents to Materials to Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IP Mobility and Its Impact on Satellite Networking (2008)

With the advent of new generation of wireless networks (3G and beyond) and the convergence of network technologies and services around IP, mobility is about to be a common feature integrated in all future networks. In GEO satellite networking, the deployment of Mobile IP raises some important issues that need to be addressed. This paper aims to pinpoint the impact of mobility in a satellite system with other key network features - namely QoS, multicast, and the specific issue of TCP acceleration with PEPs. Some candidate solutions based on the Mobile IP v6 framework and extensions are proposed and analyzed.
Ultraviolet C irradiation: an alternative antimicrobial approach to localized infections? (2012)

This review discusses the potential of ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation as an alternative approach to current methods used to treat localized infections. It has been reported that multidrug-resistant microorganisms are equally sensitive to UVC irradiation as their wild-type counterparts. With appropriate doses, UVC may selectively inactivate microorganisms while preserving viability of mammalian cells and, moreover, is reported to promote wound healing. UVC is also found in animal studies to be less damaging to tissue than UVB. Even though UVC may produce DNA damage in mammalian cells, it can be rapidly repaired by DNA repair enzymes. If UVC irradiation is repeated excessively, resistance of microorganisms to UVC inactivation may develop. In summary, UVC should be investigated as an alternative approach to current methods used to treat localized infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. UVC should be used in a manner such that the side effects would be minimized and resistance of microorganisms to UVC would be avoided.
Traumatic Visual Loss and a Limitation of Point-of-Care Ocular ultrasound: A Case Report (2013)

Incorporation of point-of-care ultrasound into the skill set of Special Operations medical providers should come with an appreciation of the potential limitations of the technology. We present a case of a U.S. Army Special Forces Soldier who suffered traumatic monocular vision loss after being struck in the eye during a combatives tournament. Evaluation in the emergency department (ED) included an unremarkable ocular ultrasound, despite a high clinical suspicion of intraocular pathology. Ophthalmologic consultation was obtained emergently. Optical coherence topography and a dilated fundoscopic examination were performed, which revealed a small subretinal hemorrhage. We will review the history of ocular ultrasound and its sensitivity to detect intraocular pathology. We will also emphasize the need to obtain specialty consultation when the clinical suspicion for intraocular pathology is high despite a negative ocular ultrasound.
New Fe2TiO5-based nanoheterostructured mesoporous photoanodes with improved visible light photoresponses (2014)

Triphasic nanocrystalline porous material based Fe<sub>x</sub>–TiO<sub>2</sub> anatase, pseudo-brookite and hematite are generated <italic>via</italic> a simple templated growth based strategy followed by carefully controlled temperature/atmosphere treatments.
The developmental origin and compartmentalization of glutathione-s-transferase omega 2 isoforms in the perinuclear theca of eutherian spermatozoa† (2017)

The perinuclear theca (PT) is a condensed, nonionic detergent resistant cytosolic protein layer encapsulating the sperm head nucleus. It can be divided into two regions: the subacrosomal layer, whose proteins are involved in acrosomal assembly during spermiogenesis, and the postacrosomal sheath (PAS), whose proteins are implicated in sperm-oocyte interactions during fertilization. In continuation of our proteomic analysis of the PT, we have isolated two prominent PT-derived proteins of 28 and 31 kDa from demembranated bovine sperm head fractions. These proteins were identified by mass spectrometry as isoforms of glutathione-s-transferase omega 2 (GSTO2). Immunoblots probed with anti-GSTO2 antibodies confirmed the presence of the GSTO2 isoforms in these fractions while fluorescent immunocytochemistry localized the isoforms to the PAS region of the bull, boar, and murid PT. In addition to the PAS labeling of GSTO2, the performatorium of murid spermatozoa was also labeled. Immunohistochemistry of rat testes revealed that GSTO2 was expressed in the third phase of spermatogenesis (i.e., spermiogenesis) and assembled in the PAS and perforatorial regions of late elongating spermatids. Fluorescent immunocytochemistry performed on murine testis cells co-localized GSTO2 and tubulin on the transient microtubular-manchette of elongating spermatids. These findings imply that GSTO2 is transported and deposited in the PAS region by the manchette, conforming to the pattern of assembly found with other PAS proteins. The late assembly of GSTO2 and its localization in the PAS suggests a role in regulating the oxidative and reductive state of covalently linked spermatid/sperm proteins, especially during the disassembly of the sperm accessory structures after fertilization.
SHP-2 Positively Regulates Myogenesis by Coupling to the Rho GTPase Signaling Pathway (2004)

Myogenesis is an intricate process that coordinately engages multiple intracellular signaling cascades. The Rho family GTPase RhoA is known to promote myogenesis, however, the mechanisms controlling its regulation in myoblasts have yet to be fully elucidated. We show here that the SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, functions as an early modulator of myogenesis by regulating RhoA. When MyoD was expressed in fibroblasts lacking functional SHP-2, muscle-specific gene activity was impaired and abolition of SHP-2 expression by RNA interference inhibited muscle differentiation. By using SHP-2 substrate-trapping mutants, we identified p190-B RhoGAP as a SHP-2 substrate. When dephosphorylated, p190-B RhoGAP has been shown to stimulate the activation of RhoA. During myogenesis, p190-B RhoGAP was tyrosyl dephosphorylated concomitant with the stimulation of SHP-2's phosphatase activity. Moreover, overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant of SHP-2 inhibited p190-B RhoGAP tyrosyl dephosphorylation, RhoA activity, and myogenesis. These observations strongly suggest that SHP-2 dephosphorylates p190-B RhoGAP, leading to the activation of RhoA. Collectively, these data provide a mechanistic basis for RhoA activation in myoblasts and demonstrate that myogenesis is critically regulated by the actions of SHP-2 on the p190-B Rho GAP/RhoA pathway.
Initial Results on a New Light-Duty 2.7L Opposed-Piston Gasoline Compression Ignition Multi-Cylinder Engine (2018)

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) is a cost-effective approach to achieving diesel-like efficiencies with low emissions. Traditional challenges with GCI arise at low-load conditions due to low charge temperatures causing combustion instability and at high-load conditions due to peak cylinder pressure and noise limitations. The fundamental architecture of the two-stroke Achates Power Opposed-Piston Engine (OP Engine) enables GCI by decoupling piston motion from cylinder scavenging, allowing for flexible and independent control of cylinder residual fraction and temperature leading to improved low load combustion. In addition, the high peak cylinder pressure and noise challenges at high-load operation are mitigated by the lower BMEP operation and faster heat release for the same pressure rise rate of the OP Engine. These advantages further solidify the performance benefits of the OP Engine and demonstrate the near-term feasibility of advanced combustion technologies, enabled by the opposed-piston architecture. This paper presents initial results from a steady state testing on a brand new 2.7L OP GCI multi-cylinder engine. A part of the recipe for successful GCI operation calls for high compression ratio, leading to higher combustion stability at low-loads, higher efficiencies, and lower cycle HC+NOx emissions. In addition, initial results on catalyst light-off mode with GCI are also presented. The OP Engine’s architectural advantages enable faster and earlier catalyst light-off while producing low emissions, which further improves cycle emissions and fuel consumption over conventional engines.
Auditory Scene Analysis: phenomena, theories and computational models (1998)

Lecture on auditory scene analysis.
Up‐regulation of cyclooxygenase‐2 mRNA in the rat spinal cord following peripheral inflammation (1996)

Prostaglandins (PG) have been described as mediators in spinal nociceptive processing after peripheral inflammation. Enzymes essential for PG biosynthesis, cyclooxygenase isozymes COX-1 and COX-2, have not yet been investigated in the spinal cord. In two studies on rats with adjuvant-induced peripheral inflammation levels of mRNA expression of both COX isoforms were analyzed in the lumbar section of the spinal cord using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. We could show that mRNA of both COX isoforms is expressed constitutively in the spinal cord with COX-2 as the predominant isoform. Six hours after induction of peripheral inflammation, levels of COX-2 mRNA expression were raised significantly in respect to untreated control rats and returned to baseline within 3 days after induction of inflammation. COX-2 might therefore be regarded as the COX isozyme responsible for spinal PG release in nociceptive processing under a peripheral inflammatory stimulus.
Reconfigurable RF Front-Ends for Cellular Receivers (2010)

Frequency translation technique enables fully integrated reconfigurable multi-band multi-mode cellular receivers that use no external RF components. With this technique, low-Q baseband impedances are transferred to RF and become high-Q bandpass filters, whose centers are controlled by clock. As proof of the concept, a SAW-less fully integrated quad-band GPRS/EDGE receiver with no external matching components is presented.
Combining Galois with complex field coding for space–time communications (2003)

Abstract A joint scheme combining error‐control coding (ECC) with complex‐field coding (CFC) is proposed for space–time communications through flat or frequency‐selective fading multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) channels. It is shown that the diversity gain of this joint coding scheme is the product of the free distance of the ECC, the complex‐field block encoder size, and the number of receiving antennas, which is computationally prohibitive to achieve using ECC alone. The decoding complexity with the proposed iterative decoder is comparable to a system without CFC. Numerical simulations for perfectly interleaved and HIPERLAN channels with both single and multiple antennas show great potential of the proposed joint coding scheme. Copyright © 2003 AEI
Supplementary Table 3 from Somatic Epigenetic Silencing of <i>RIPK3</i> Inactivates Necroptosis and Contributes to Chemoresistance in Malignant Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Lentivirus plasmids expressing shMLKL.&lt;/p&gt;
Partielle Nitrosylierung von Dicarbonyl(η‐cyclopentadienyl)cobalt (1977)

Eine Zwischenstufe der Bildung des zweikernigen Cobalt‐Komplexes (2) aus dem einkernigen Komplex (1) wurde jetzt auf zwei Wegen erhalten: 1. aus (1) und NO bei −120°C, 2. aus (1) und N ‐Methyl‐ oder N ‐Ethyl‐ N ‐nitrosoharnstoff in siedendem Benzol. magnified image
Recognition of handwritten script: a hidden Markov model based approach (2003)

The handwritten script recognition problem is modeled in the framework of the hidden Markov model. For English text, which is the focus of the present research, the states can be identified with the letters of the alphabet, and the optimum symbols can be generated. In order to do so, a quantitative definition of symbols, in terms of features, is required. Fourteen features (some old, some new) are proposed for this task. Using the existing statistical knowledge about the English language, the calculation of the model parameters is immensely simplified. Once the model is established, the Viterbi algorithm is proposed to recognize the single best optimal state sequence, i.e. sequence of letters comprising the word. The modification of the recognition algorithm to accommodate context information is also discussed. Some experimental results are provided indicating the success of the new scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrophoresis, Proteins, Batch and Continuous (1999)

Introduction Band Broadening (Dispersive) Effects Performance Metrics Batch Analytical Tools Capillary Electrophoresis Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Batch Preparative Tools Preparative Gel Electrophoresis Preparative Continuous-Flow Electrophoresis Thin-Film Apparatus Continuous-Flow Electrophoresis with Recycle (RCFE) Discussion Nomenclature Bibliography
A second-generation cosmic axion experiment (1995)

An experiment is described to detect dark matter axions trapped in the halo of our galaxy. Galactic axions are converted into microwave photons via the Primakoff effect in a static background field provided by a superconducting magnet. The photons are collected in a high Q microwave cavity and detected by a low noise receiver. The axion mass range accessible by this experiment is 1.3- 13 µeV. The expected sensitivity will be rougly 50 times greater than achieved by previous experiments in this mass range. The assembly of the detector is well under way at LLNL and data taking will start in mid-1995. 2
Development and Characterization of a Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Event with Enhanced Reproductive Resistance to Glyphosate (2010)

Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide that inhibits the activity of endogenous plant 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Glyphosate resistance has been engineered in multiple crops by constitutive expression of an EPSPS variant from Agrobacterium sp. CP4 (CP4 EPSPS) that binds glyphosate less efficiently. The first glyphosate‐resistant cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) event, MON 1445, was developed utilizing this CP4 EPSPS and commercially introduced in 1997. Due to insufficient expression of CP4 EPSPS in male reproductive tissues, over‐the‐top glyphosate applications must be limited to the four‐leaf stage of growth. In an attempt to generate events with complete constitutive expression, multiple constructs consisting of different promoters driving cp4 epsps were transformed into cotton. The MON 88913 event was identified as providing exceptional vegetative and reproductive resistance to glyphosate based on more than 8 yr of field testing. Cotton containing MON 88913 has a comparable agronomic profile to the respective negative isoline, the event is stably inherited over multiple generations, and the insertion site is simple with minimal disruption of the cotton genome. As a result, the MON 88913 event was commercially introduced in 2006 as Roundup Ready Flex Cotton (Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO).
[Nonlinear dynamics in regulation of heart rate in healthy infants]. (1996)

The aim of this study was to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively non-linear and linear characteristics of heart rate identifying their connection to sleep states during the first 6 months of life. 16 newborns were examined polygraphically in a longitudinal study (first day, first and sixth month). After R-peak detection of a limb lead ECG and R-R interval calculation, time series of the instantaneous heart rate (IHR) were constructed. They were analyzed qualitatively with regard to the structure of the Poincaré maps and the occurrence of bifurcations as well as quantitatively by calculating the correlation dimension (D2) and the Lyapunov exponent (LLE). In some cases, bifurcations in the IHR time series occurred. The Poincaré maps showed mainly clear structures in the shape of limited point clusters. D2 was in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 and was larger in quiet than in active sleep. LLE was always positive, although higher values in active sleep than in quiet sleep were exhibited in the first month of life only. D2 and LLE values during active sleep were age-dependent. The results of the study indicate a non-linear component in the heart rate control of healthy newborns. The change in D2 and LLE in connection with postnatal age and sleep states expresses a modulation of these system components during the postnatal maturation and during vegetative sleep organisation.
Syntheses of some proposed biosynthetic precursors to the isocyclic ring in chlorophyll a (1986)

In connection with studies on the biosynthesis of the isocyclic ring E in chlorophyll a (1), the magnesium(II) 2,4-divinylporphyrin β-keto ester 8 and hydroxypropionate 6 have been synthesized. The key porphyrin intermediate 36 in these syntheses was obtained most efficiently by cyclization of a 1’-methyl-8’-unsubstituted a,c-biladiene dihydrobromide 31 in hot o-dichlorobenzene. An alternative route through copper(II)-promoted cyclization of a 1’,8’-dimethyl-a,c-biladiene hydrobromide, 29, gave lower yields of porphyrin. The keto ester groups were added by way of the corresponding porphyrin imidazolides 20b and 39 by using the magnesium(II) complex of methyl hydrogen malonate. Borohydride reduction of the magnesium(II) 2,4-divinylporphyrin β-keto ester 8 gave the corresponding hydroxypropionate porphyrin 6, but attempts to dehydrate this to give the acrylate 12, an intermediate also of possible biological significance, were unsuccessful. © 1986, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Reduced Fhit Expression Occurs in the Early Stage of Esophageal Tumorigenesis: No Correlation with p53 Expression and Apoptosis (2001)

The FHIT gene, encompassing the FRA3B fragile site at chromosome 3p14.2, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene involved in multiple tumors, including esophageal carcinoma. We analyzed Fhit expression using an immunohistochemical method in invasive carcinoma, carcinoma in situ (CIS) and dysplasia, in paraffin sections of 75 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCs) to further elucidate the role of Fhit protein in esophageal carcinogenesis. In addition, we also examined whether Fhit expression correlated with p53 expression and apoptosis. Compared to adjacent normal mucosa, significant loss or reduction of Fhit expression was noted in 67 of 75 (89.3%) invasive ESCs, in 13 of 19 (68.4%) CIS lesions, and in 10 of 23 (43.5%) dysplastic lesions. There was a progressive loss or reduction of Fhit expression with progressive increases in the severity of histopathological changes (p < 0.001). However, there was no association between Fhit expression and clinicopathological findings, including tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, or overall survival. Moreover, Fhit expression was not significantly associated with p53 expression and apoptosis. These results indicate that abnormal Fhit expression is a common event in the early stage of ESC development and may occur independently of p53 expression and apoptosis mechanisms.
<title>Intelligent multi-agent coordination system for advanced manufacturing</title> (1997)

Global competition and rapidly changing customer requirements are forcing major changes in the production styles and configuration of manufacturing organizations. Agent-based systems are showing considerable potential as a new paradigm for agile manufacturing systems. With this approach, centralized and sequential manufacturing planning, scheduling, and control systems may be replaced by distributed intelligent systems to facilitate flexible and rapid response to changing production styles and variations in product requirements. In this paper, the characteristics and components of such a multi-agent architecture for advanced manufacturing are described. This architecture addresses agility in terms of the ability of the manufacturing system to solve manufacturing tasks using virtual enterprise mechanisms while maintaining concurrent information processing and control.
Effect of aggregates on the photochemical behavior of Rose Bengal peroxybenzoate initiator in PMMA film (1998)

To reveal the sensitization mechanism of Rose Bengal peroxybenzoate (RBBP) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film, the behavior of RBBP was investigated by means of both fluorescence spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis in PMMA as well as in dilute solution for comparison. In the RBBP concentration range 2 × 10–3 to 9 × 10–2 mol dm–3 in PMMA film, the yields of the singlet and triplet excited states of RBBP are affected by dye aggregation which is enhanced by increasing RBBP concentration. Thus, in the (6–9) × 10–2 mol dm–3 RBBP concentration range, production of the fluorescent excited state is reduced, but formation of the triplet states is increased. This seems to be responsible for the radical generation during photoinitiation.