gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3238: Frizzled-8 receptor is activated by the Wnt-2 ligant in non-small cell lung cancer (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality throughout the world. We previously showed that the Wnt signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in lung cancer. In this report, we investigated the role of interactions between different Frizzled receptors and the Wnt-2 ligant in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure expression of Frz-8 and Wnt-2 from fifty freshly resected lung tumors and matched normal lung tissue. A human dominant-negative Wnt-2 mutant (dnhWnt-2) was designed to target the interactions between Fzd-8 and Wnt-2 in vitro and in vivo. pTOPflash/pFOPflash luciferase activity assay was used to detect TCF/β-catenine transcription activity. Crystal violet staining assay was used to determine the colony formation. A mouse xenogrant model using A549 cells transfected with dnhWnt-2 vector or control vector was used to detect tumorigenic effects. Results: RT-PCR analysis showed that Wnt-2 overexpression is in correlation with overexpression of Fzd-8 in 45/50 (90%) tumor samples analyzed. Coexpression of the dnhWnt-2 construct together with Wnt-2 and Fzd8 expression vectors in 293T, 293 and A549 cells strongly reduced TCF-dependent transcriptional activity (TOPflash assay) as compared with cells transfected with control vectors. In lung cancer cell line A549, naturally overexpressing both Wnt-2 and Fzd8, the dnhWnt-2 construct induced cell death, inhibited cell proliferation. Results from colony formation assay showed 50% reduction in colonies formed from the dnhWnt-2 transfected cells as compared to control vector. A tumor xenograft model of A549 cells expressing the dnhWnt-2 mutant, demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor formation 43 days after cell inoculation (p&amp;lt;0.02) with reduced Wnt downstream target gene expressions (Survivin, c-Myc, Dvl-3 and Cyclin- D1) compared to control tumors. Conclusion: This report demonstrated a novel interaction between Frz-8 receptor and Wnt-2 ligant in non-small cell lung cancer. Inhibition of this interaction may provide a new therapeutic avenue in targeting the Wnt pathway in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3238. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3238
Effects of Antihypertensive Treatment on Cardiac Hypertrophy and Cardiac Function in Elderly Hypertensive Patients (1991)

Summary: The effects of antihypertensive treatment with calcium antagonists or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on the reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy and the left ventricular function in elderly hypertensive patients were examined. Twenty-four elderly hypertensive patients with cardiac hypertrophy, aged from 65 to 79 years (mean ± SEM of 71 ± 1 years), were treated with a calcium antagonist (nifedipine or nicardipine) or ACE inhibitor (captopril or enalapril) for 3 months. Thirteen patients had essential hypertension [EH: systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg, aged 70 ± 1 years] and 11 had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH: SBP ≥ 160 mm Hg and DBP < 90 mm Hg, aged 74 ± 2 years). All patients underwent M-mode echocardiography to assess left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular function (ejection fraction, EF) before and after 3 months of treatment. BP significantly decreased from 174 ± 3/97 ± 1 to 144 ± 5/84 ± 2 mm Hg in EH and from 167 ± 3/82 ± 2 to 144 ± 4/74 ± 2 mm Hg in ISH. The LVMI was also significantly reduced from 204 ± 14 to 174 ± 16 g/m2 in EH and from 179 ± 14 to 156 ± 12 g/m2 in ISH. EF showed no significant changes with treatment in either group. In elderly hypertensive patients, the antihypertensive treatment with calcium antagonist or ACE inhibitor reduced cardiac hypertrophy without any deterioration of left ventricular function in both essential hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension.
Microscopic neuropathology can be seen using accelerated combined diffusion-relaxation MRI (2023)

Here we present MRI acquisitions that maximize the amount of information in an image by using a combination of magnetic field profiles to probe relaxation and diffusion mechanisms simultaneously, thus resolving sub-voxel information from ex vivo brain segments of human subjects that sustained traumatic brain injury. We then propose a strategy to refine the ensuing abundance of high-dimensional data, and to sort and recover biologically relevant information into actionable and quantitative injury biomarker images that capture subtle neuropathology.
Alignment of the IEEE Industrial Agents Recommended Practice Standard With the Reference Architectures RAMI4.0, IIRA, and SGAM (2023)

Industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS) are a key element that acts as the backbone infrastructure for realizing innovative systems compliant with the fourth industrial revolution vision and requirements to realize it. Several architectures, such as the reference architectural model industry 4.0 (RAMI4.0), the industrial Internet reference architecture (IIRA), and the smart grid architecture model (SGAM), have been proposed to develop and integrate ICPS, their services, and applications for different domains. In such architectures, the digitization of assets and interconnection to relevant industrial processes and business services is of paramount importance. Different technological solutions have been developed that overwhelmingly focus on the integration of the assets with their cyber counterpart. In this context, the adoption of standards is crucial to enable the compatibility and interoperability of these network-based systems. Since industrial agents are seen as an enabler in realizing ICPS, this work aims to provide insights related to the use and alignment of the recently established IEEE 2660.1 recommended practice to support ICPS developers and engineers to integrate assets in the context of each one of the three referred reference architectures. A critical discussion also points out some noteworthy aspects that emerge when using the IEEE 2660.1 in these architectures and discusses limitations and challenges ahead.
Metal Oxide/Zeolite Combination Absorbs H2S (1989)

Mixed copper and molybdenum oxides supported in pores of zeolite found to remove H2S from mixture of gases rich in hydrogen and steam, at temperatures from 256 to 538 degree C. Absorber of H2S needed to clean up gas streams from fuel processors that incorporate high-temperature steam reformers or hydrodesulfurizing units. Zeolites chosen as supporting materials because of their high porosity, rigidity, alumina content, and variety of both composition and form.
Dynamic behavior of continuous vinyl chloride bulk and suspension polymerization reactors. A simple model analysis (1990)

Abstract Based on previous works, a simple model is built to simulate the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) polymerization in continuous suspension and bulk reactors. The branches of steady‐state solutions are computed and their dynamic behavior is analyzed. It is observed that these systems present multiple steady‐state solutions for some ranges of parameter values and that non‐adiabatic reactors can also present ISOLAs. These reactors can also experience self‐sustained oscillations in a very wide region of operation conditions.
Passive Microwave Equalizers for Radar Receiver Design (2016)

Receiver design for digital radar and optical communication involves optimization and realization of an equalizing filter to provide a suitable signal at the input of the decision circuit. This is a frequently encountered problem in filter design, where one needs to realize a network capable of having an arbitrary response in a given frequency band. This chapter approaches to approximate the target frequency response for a single equalizer using the real frequency technique (RFT). Since the RFT optimizes equalizer functions that are realizable, it can also directly synthesize the elements of the equalizing filter. The solution uses a Levenberg-Marquardt-More optimization technique. The optimization produces realizable functions without an a priori choice of equalizer topology and does not require an analytic form of the system transfer function to be assumed. The chapter also gives examples of microwave equalizers for radar applications in the 8 GHz range.
Utilising micron scale 3D printed morphologies for particle adhesion reduction (2022)

In the pharmaceutical industry, the ability to improve the understanding of the effect of surface roughness on interparticulate interactions is critical. Dry powder inhalers often possess poor efficiency, as the powder formulations are inherently adhesive and cohesive due to their size. The complex interplay of factors that affect interparticulate interactions, means it has been difficult to isolate the effect of surface morphology. Using two photon polymerisation, this study shows the fabrication of bespoke sub-micron geometric structures, with a consistent surface chemistry. These are used to investigate the effect of surface morphologies on particle adhesion by utilising AFM force-volume mapping, to model spheres and carrier particles. This demonstrates the significant effect varying surface morphology can have on particle-surface adhesion. This approach allows for the first time an in-depth examination of the local variation effect of surface features on particle adhesion and may facilitate the design and optimisation of powder processes.
myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mobilizes Ca2+ from isolated adipocyte endoplasmic reticulum but not from plasma membranes (1986)

The effects of myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) on Ca2+ uptake and release from isolated adipocyte endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane vesicles were investigated. Effects of IP3 were initially characterized using an endoplasmic reticulum preparation with cytosol present (S1-ER). Maximal and half-maximal effects of IP3 on Ca2+ release from S1-ER vesicles occurred at 20 microM- and 7 microM-IP3, respectively, in the presence of vanadate which prevents the re-uptake of released Ca2+ via the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump. At saturating IP3 concentrations, Ca2+ release in the presence of vanadate was 20% of the exchangeable Ca2+ pool. IP3-induced release of Ca2+ from S1-ER was dependent on extravesicular free Ca2+ concentration with maximal release occurring at 0.13 microM free Ca2+. At 20 microM-IP3 there was no effect on the initial rate of Ca2+ uptake by S1-ER. IP3 promoted Ca2+ release from isolated endoplasmic reticulum vesicles (cytosol not present) to a similar level as compared with S1-ER. Addition of cytosol to isolated endoplasmic reticulum vesicles did not affect IP3-induced Ca2+ release. The endoplasmic reticulum preparation was further fractionated into heavy and light vesicles by differential centrifugation. Interestingly, the heavy fraction, but not the light fraction, released Ca2+ when challenged with IP3. IP3 (20 microM) did not promote Ca2+ release from plasma membrane vesicles and had no effect on the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity or on the initial rate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by these vesicles. These results support the concept that IP3 acts exclusively at the endoplasmic reticulum to promote Ca2+ release.
Design of Green Engineered Cementitious Composites for Improved Sustainability (2008)

Peer Reviewed
Automotive Materials Recycling for the Future (1994)

Environmental issues are occupying an increasingly high profile in all our lives. For many years, the motor industry has been conscious of the need to reduce the impact of our products on the environment, particularly in terms of tailpipe emissions. In recent years, the disposal of end-of-life vehicles has also gained a measure of public visibility. This paper examines the current disposal situation for end-of-life vehicles and considers the impact of developments in vehicle design on the existing infrastructure from both a technical and a commercial perspective. An industry-proposed improvement strategy is briefly described and the technical and infrastructural issues arising are considered.
Local measurements of the diffusion constant in multiple scattering media: Application to human trabecular bone imaging (2008)

We present local measurements of the diffusion constant for ultrasonic waves undergoing multiple scattering. The experimental setup uses a coherent array of programmable transducers. By achieving Gaussian beamforming at emission and reception, an array of virtual sources and receivers located in the near field is constructed. A matrix treatment is proposed to separate the incoherent intensity from the coherent backscattering peak. Local measurements of the diffusion constant D are then achieved. This technique is applied to a real case: a sample of human trabecular bone for which the ultrasonic characterization of multiple scattering is an issue.
Direct speech-to-speech translation with a sequence-to-sequence model (2019)

We present an attention-based sequence-to-sequence neural network which can directly translate speech from one language into speech in another language, without relying on an intermediate text representation. The network is trained end-to-end, learning to map speech spectrograms into target spectrograms in another language, corresponding to the translated content (in a different canonical voice). We further demonstrate the ability to synthesize translated speech using the voice of the source speaker. We conduct experiments on two Spanish-to-English speech translation datasets, and find that the proposed model slightly underperforms a baseline cascade of a direct speech-to-text translation model and a text-to-speech synthesis model, demonstrating the feasibility of the approach on this very challenging task.
Q-switched lasing on a weak transition: new approach (2008)

This paper discusses an novel strategy in development, design and integration of a high efficient Q-switched laser operating on weak transitions of the lasing media. A typical example of such operation is lasing on the 946 nm transition of Nd-doped medium. The proposed approach enables very effective Q-switched operation on this type of weak transitions with the plug-in efficiency better than 10% at a few ns pulse length, as compared to recently reported less than 1% efficiency at pulse length of about 150 ns.
Perturbation analysis of an explicit wavefield separation scheme for P- and S-waves (2002)

Abstract Dense spatial recording patterns of three-component (3C) receivers allow for direct wavefield decomposition through explicit calculation of divergence and curl of the recorded elastic wavefield. Since this approach is based upon the observation of small phase shifts, it requires highly accurate deployment of the receiver configurations. To study the feasibility of a recently proposed P/S-wave separation scheme, we systematically assess the effects of position and orientation errors of one or several geophones within the recording pattern on technique performance. We find that realistic deployment errors can significantly affect estimates of the divergence and curl of particle velocity. The errors induced by mispositioned or misoriented geophones differ for each of the geophones that make up a pattern. Moreover, the inaccuracies vary with the angle of incidence, potentially affecting analysis procedures applied to the data at a later stage, such as amplitude variation with offset (AVO) or amplitude variation with angle (AVA). Based on a relative L1-criterion, the position of each receiver needs to be accurate within 10% of the length of the sides of the configuration to obtain meaningful divergence and curl estimates. Furthermore, the output is particularly sensitive to misorientations of geophones, requiring that the orientations of all geophones be accurate within 2°. These observations point to significant difficulties when applying this technique. To alleviate this problem, we present an approach to detect and compensate for such deployment-related inaccuracies prior to explicit P/S-wave separation. This strategy is based on a pyramid-shaped receiver configuration and relies on minimizing the differences between the divergence and curl estimates calculated over the pyramid and each of the four subtetrahedra that comprise the pyramid.
Digital Microfluidic Magnetic Separation for Particle-Based Immunoassays (2012)

We introduce a new format for particle-based immunoassays relying on digital microfluidics (DMF) and magnetic forces to separate and resuspend antibody-coated paramagnetic particles. In DMF, fluids are electrostatically controlled as discrete droplets (picoliters to microliters) on an array of insulated electrodes. By applying appropriate sequences of potentials to these electrodes, multiple droplets can be manipulated simultaneously and various droplet operations can be achieved using the same device design. This flexibility makes DMF well-suited for applications that require complex, multistep protocols such as immunoassays. Here, we report the first particle-based immunoassay on DMF without the aid of oil carrier fluid to enable droplet movement (i.e., droplets are surrounded by air instead of oil). This new format allowed the realization of a novel on-chip particle separation and resuspension method capable of removing greater than 90% of unbound reagents in one step. Using this technique, we developed methods for noncompetitive and competitive immunoassays, using thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and 17β-estradiol (E2) as model analytes, respectively. We show that, compared to conventional methods, the new DMF approach reported here reduced reagent volumes and analysis time by 100-fold and 10-fold, respectively, while retaining a level of analytical performance required for clinical screening. Thus, we propose that the new technique has great potential for eventual use in a fast, low-waste, and inexpensive instrument for the quantitative analysis of proteins and small molecules in low sample volumes.
Measuring Noise Figure and Noise Power (2020)

One of the challenges in noise-figure measurements is in determining the noise figure of systems that integrate the low-noise amplifier (LNA) stage into a single-chip down-converter, where the output is not at the same frequency as the input and the LNA cannot be separated from the rest of the system. This chapter illuminates the details of noise figure and noise-power measurements, including their uncertainty, verification, and methods to improve them. It discusses active antenna noise-figure measurements and describes noise figure in mixers and frequency converters. Mixers and frequency converters are often the first component after the antenna in a receiver system, and as such the noise figure of the first converter predominantly sets the noise figure of the system. The chapter also discusses noise power measurements with a vector network analyzer spectrum analyzer and noise figure measurements using spectrum analysis as well as carrier-to-noise measurements.
Available evidence on HIFU for focal treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review (2022)

This review highlights that focal HIFU therapy appears to be a safe procedure, while short-term cancer control rate is encouraging. Though, second-line treatment or active surveillance seems to be necessary in a significant number of patients.
Lipopolysaccharide-deficient, bacteriophage-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 (1976)

Bacteriophage-resistant mutants isolated and classified in a previous study were examined for alterations in their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) composition, and properties likely to be affected by alterations in LPS composition were studied. It was found that many of the mutants of the Ktw (K2-resistance), Ttk (T2, T4, or K19 resistance), Bar (bacteriophage), Wrm (wide-range mutants), and miscellaneous resistance groups were altered in their response to a series of antibiotics and to two LPS-specific bacteriophages, C21 and U3. Furthermore, many of the bacteriophages to which these mutants were resistant adsorbed to LPS preparations. By direct sugar analysis of the mutant LPS preparations, it was shown that the mutants fitted into six distinct classes, which are readily derived from LPS core with a structure resembling that of Salmonella or Escherichia coli O100. A number of the mutants were shown to map between pyrE and mtl, which has been previously shown to be the site of a cluster of rfa genes in both Salmonella and E. coli. Outer membrane protein composition was studied in the above mutants using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some strains were shown to have alterations in the amount of major proteins. The nature of the bacteriophage receptors involved and the alterations leading to resistance are discussed.
A metadata-driven geographic data mediator (2007)

Metadata are crucial for the development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). With the availability of geographic data sources over the Web, assessing the fitness for use concept may become a tricky task. In this paper, we describe a metadata-driven mediation approach and system that allow a community of users to share a set of autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed geographic data sources with different metadata (quality) information. Users share a common vision of the data, which is defined by means of a global schema and a metadata schema. The paper shows how metadata (I) may provide efficiency, (2) improve semantic interoperability and (3) ensure fitness for use.
Multivariate Kalibrationsverfahren für einen nicht-dispersiven Infrarotsensor zur Ölzustandsüberwachung in Verbrennungsmotoren (2018)

Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird die Kalibration eines kompakten optischen Sensors für die Online-Ölzustandsüberwachung in Verbrennungsmotoren vorgestellt. Der Sensor basiert auf dem Prinzip der nicht-dispersiven Infrarotspektroskopie (NDIR-Spektroskopie) und misst die Absorption in sieben verschiedenen Spektralbereichen. Mit Hilfe multivariater Regressionsmethoden werden lineare Modelle erstellt, die den Zusammenhang zwischen infraroter Absorption und wichtigen Ölzustandsparametern, wie beispielsweise Wassergehalt, Oxidation, Sulfation und Basenzahl, beschreiben. Die Validierung der Modelle anhand eines Datensatzes von Gebrauchtölproben aus unterschiedlichen Anwendungen zeigt eine gute Übereinstimmung mit Referenzwerten aus einer Laboranalyse. Durch den Einsatz von Kalibrationstransferverfahren können die erstellten Regressionsmodelle auf einem zweiten Sensor gleicher Bauart angewendet werden, wobei sich die Prädiktionsgüte nur geringfügig verschlechtert.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Shape ‐ Selective Conversion of Hydrocarbons on Zeolites (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies on the preparation of camphorylidene derivatives of α-amino acids (2001)

An improved method has been developed for the efficient synthesis of stable camphor imine salts. Camphor imine readily undergoes transimination with α-amino acid ester hydrochlorides to yield camphorylidene amino acid derivatives with E stereochemistry about the CN double bond. Sodium cyanoborohydride reduction of the derived ketimines gives exo-bornylamines.