gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Proportional Base Driver for SiC BJTs (2018)

The benefits of high-power silicon carbide (SiC) bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) in terms of low conduction and switching losses, high-temperature capability, and increased reliability associated with the lack of gate oxide have been partially shadowed by the high-power consumption of its driver. This paper focuses on the optimization of SiC BJT base drivers and presents an innovative design of a proportional base current driver. The driver is a stand-alone system achieving instantaneous tracking of the collector current without the need for a current sensor and can also account for variations of the BJT's dc current gain with the temperature. Implementation of these two features is realized by sensing the collector-emitter voltage, which is conditioned to be used as a reference voltage for a switching regulator featuring a megahertz synchronous buck converter. This leads to a variable base current that is proportional to the instantaneous collector current for the SiC BJT. The concept is validated using a 1.5-kW boost converter, which shows a significant reduction in power consumed by the driver.
Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Targets for Pharmacological Modulators of Aquaporin Channels (2016)

Fluid homeostasis in the body is well known to be regulated by ion channels and transporters, but equally important are the co-expressed classes of aquaporin (AQP) water channels that facilitate transmembrane water movement. e eld of AQPCONTENTS Abstract 273 14.1 Introduction 274 14.2Overview of Aquaporin Channel Functions in Brain FluidHomeostasis and Cell Migration274 14.2.1AQP4 in Cerebral Edema 275 14.2.2AQP1 in Cell Migration 27714.3Small Molecule Drug Discovery for Aquaporin Channels 278 14.4Translational Promise of Pharmacological Modulators of AquaporinChannels in Brain Edema, Cancer and Other Disorders281 14.4.1Targeting AQP4 Channels in Brain Edema 281 14.4.2Dierential Regulation of Expression of AQP ChannelTypes in Cancer Cells281 14.4.3Targeting AQP1 Channels in Cell Migration and Metastasis 28314.5New Avenues for Aquaporin Drug Discovery from Traditional and Alternative Medicines 284References 287pharmacology is expanding rapidly with the new identication of small molecule druglike agents with distinctive properties in AQP modulation, allowing exploration of potential therapeutic applications in brain edema, cancer and other disorders. Pharmacological agents could modulate AQPs by direct occlusion of the water pore itself, by acting at distinct sites that confer other channel properties, or by altering levels of protein expression or membrane targeting. Expanding the pharmacological portfolio will benet basic research and promote new therapeutic strategies in many conditions involving AQPs in the symptoms or disease processes. Exploring herbal alternative medicines as sources of pharmacological agents for AQPs is likely to have a substantial impact on the eld of AQP research, which has keenly awaited the development of chemical interventions as a platform for therapeutic approaches. Recent work is providing an enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of traditional herbal medicines as novel sources of AQP modulators.
Immune cell infiltrate differences in pilocytic astrocytoma and glioblastoma: evidence of distinct immunological microenvironments that reflect tumor biology (2011)

This analysis suggests a significantly distinct immune profile in the microenvironment of high-grade glioblastoma versus low-grade pilocytic astrocytoma. This difference in tumor microenvironment may reflect an important difference in the tumor biology of glioblastoma.
Exploration of rare earth materials for future interpoly dielectric replacement in Flash memory devices (2010)

Rare-earth lanthanates and scandates have been studied for possible use as future Flash interpoly dielectrics. It was shown that a post-deposition anneal in O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> at high temperature (~1000°C or above) gives rise to silicate formation. This results in excellent memory retention and larger robustness of the layers as compared to anneal in N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> .
ChemInform Abstract: TRIS(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)ALKYL AND ‐ALKENYL COMPOUNDS OF THORIUM(IV) (1976)

Abstract Die Darstellung der luftempfindlichen Titelverbindungen (III) erfolgt durch Umsetzung des Tris‐[cyclopentadienyl]‐Th‐chlorids (I) mit den Li‐Verbindungen (II) oder dem Allyl‐ MgCl (IV).
RENAL FUNCTION AND LOCAL RECURRENCE AFTER PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY IN SOLITARY KIDNEYS (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009RENAL FUNCTION AND LOCAL RECURRENCE AFTER PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY IN SOLITARY KIDNEYS Jeffrey C La Rochelle, Brian Shuch, Stephen Riggs, Li Jung Liang, Fairooz Kabbinavar, Allan J Pantuck, and Arie S Belldegrun Jeffrey C La RochelleJeffrey C La Rochelle More articles by this author , Brian ShuchBrian Shuch More articles by this author , Stephen RiggsStephen Riggs More articles by this author , Li Jung LiangLi Jung Liang More articles by this author , Fairooz KabbinavarFairooz Kabbinavar More articles by this author , Allan J PantuckAllan J Pantuck More articles by this author , and Arie S BelldegrunArie S Belldegrun More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)61243-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RENAL FUNCTION AND LOCAL RECURRENCE AFTER PARTIAL NEPHRECTOMY IN SOLITARY KIDNEYS." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 438 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 438 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Jeffrey C La Rochelle More articles by this author Brian Shuch More articles by this author Stephen Riggs More articles by this author Li Jung Liang More articles by this author Fairooz Kabbinavar More articles by this author Allan J Pantuck More articles by this author Arie S Belldegrun More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Distributed hybrid consensus of second-order dynamics over proximity nets (2016)

In this paper, we consider the distributed consensus problem of the second-order multi-agent system where the agents are connected via distance-dependent networks. For the feasibility of information processing, we introduce dwell times which may be different at different sampling time instants. Each agent can only receive the information and update its control laws at discrete sampling time instants, which in combination with the continuous-time dynamics yields the hybrid closed-loop dynamics. By analyzing the discrete-time system at the sampling instants and the continuous-time system between the sampling instants, we establish the sufficient condition for consensus of the hybrid second-order multi-agents system, without relying on the properties of the dynamics of the neighbor graphs.
An Effect of Bulk on the Ratio of Fragmentation to Stereomutation in Three Cyclobutane Dimers of 3-Methylenecholest-4-ene (2007)

The effect of a large increase in mass and extension of substituents on the thermal rearrangement of a 1,2-divinylcyclobutane system has been investigated by the introduction of two 3-cholest-4-ene units. The ratio of two types of exit channel, fragmentation and stereomutation (Fr/St), from a widely accepted diradical intermediary (caldera) has increased significantly relative to the ratio in a simpler system. We believe this to be the first example of the influence of a ponderal effect on the ratio of two competing processes in a thermal rearrangement. The internal torsional rotations necessary prior to reclosure for the realization of stereomutation have been markedly depressed. One of the three stereoisomeric cyclobutanes reacts substantially more slowly than the other two. In its structure, determined by X-ray diffraction, the two cholestenyl wings are folded closely together within van der Waals radii. The slower reaction may reasonably be ascribed to a relative lowering of heat of formation in this ground-state conformation.
Mathematics Input for Educational Applications in Virtual Reality (2021)

Virtual Reality (VR) enables new ways of learning by providing an interactive environment to learn through failure and by allowing new interaction methods engaging the users' bodies. Literature from productive failure and embodied cognition shows that these two aspects are particularly important for mathematics education. However, very little research has been looking into how to input mathematical expressions in VR. This gap impairs the learning process as it prevents the learners from connecting the VR mathematical objects with their formal representations. In this paper, we bridge this gap by presenting two interaction techniques for mathematics input in VR: a Keyboard-like method and a Drag-and-drop method. We report the results of our quantitative user study in terms of usability, ease of learning, low overhead, task load, and motion sickness.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylboronates by NHC Copper Catalyzed Substitution (2010)

Chiral allylboronates represent a valuable class of synthetic intermediates. The authors developed a catalytic asymmetric protocol, which allows the preparation of allylboronates bearing B-substituted tertiary and (for the first time) quaternary carbon stereogenic centers. Subsequent oxidation furnished enantiomerically enriched carbinols. Transformations proceeded with high yields (up to >98%) and enantioselectivities (er > 99:1); high site selectivity (>98% SN2′) is also notable. Aryl-containing carbonates containing a trisubstituted alkene favor benzylic C-H bond formation in contrast to the disubstituted counterparts, which react with the opposite sense of regioselectivity (Y. Lee, A. H. Hoveyda J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3160).
Excited-State Proton Transfers in 9-Aminoacridine Carboxamides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited-State Proton Transfers in 9-Aminoacridine CarboxamidesCharles A. Smith, Hai-Chou Chang, Walter S. Struve, Graham J. Atwell, and William A. DennyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 21, 8927–8935Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100021a070https://doi.org/10.1021/j100021a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Low cobalamin levels associated with sickle cell disease: Contrasting origins and clinical meanings in two instructive patients (2010)

A physician or group of physicians considers presentation and evolution of a real clinical case, reacting to clinical information and data (boldface type). This is followed by a discussion/commentary.
Characterization and MRI detection of 19F-PLGA labelled human mesenchymal stem cells (2015)

Introduction 19F based stem-cell labelling is attractive, since it may enable long-term studies of cellular migration provided sufficient detection sensitivity can be achieved and has no background signal. Several 19F based compounds are based on a cocktail of approved pharmaceutical compounds, that facilitates translationonal studies. 19F-PLGA: poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) has successfully been used for tracking of dendritic cells and has clinical research approval [1]. Methods 19F PLGA nanoparticles (19F PLGA NP) of various compositions, with and without surface modification were prepared by encapsulation of of perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether and by optical probes (carboxyfluorescein). The nanoparticle size was determined by DLS light scattering. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were incubated in a solution containing a maximum of 4mg of the nanoparticles for a 1-3 days. The influence of 19F-PLGA-NP labelling on the following parameters was investigated: proliferation kinetics, colony generation, adhesion, surface migration, and presence of stem-cell markers. Fluorescence microscopy was used to verify cellular uptake of the compound, while cell loading was determined by MR spectroscopy and referencing to tri-fluoroacetic acid at 7T. The longitudinal relaxation time of the free nanoparticles and after hMSC labelling was determined at 7T. MRI sequence optimization was performed by simulation of the expected MR signal in Matlab [2] and labelled cells were measured either as a pellet or as an agarose suspension. Results Without surface modification, no uptake in hMSC occurred (0.01x1012 19F/cell). while the cell-load increased after surface modification and optimization of the loading protocol (0.29-1.16x1012 19F/cell). The size of the nanoparticles was 306nm, with a PDI of 0.16. No significant influence of 19F-PLGA-NPs on the cells was observed after achieving a cell loading of 1.16x1012 19F/cell. The T1 time of the 19F-PLGA-NP decreased from 1090 to 790ms after loading. In vitro, the T2 time was 590ms. The MRI detection limit with a cell load of 0.4x1012 19F/cell in a 2h scan was 20.000 cells (pellet) or 10.000 cells per microliter (suspension). Conclusions Besides optimization of the imaging protocol, a significant increase in MRI sensitivity can be achieved through improving the cell-load. The 19F-PLGA-NP did not significantly alter the properties of hMSC. In vivo studies of 19F-PLGA-NP labelled hMSC are under way to verify the utility of this technique in a pre-clinical setting.
Akutní zánět středního ucha (2007)

Autoři se věnuji problematice akutniho zanětu středousi. Uvaději jeho epidemiologii, etiologii, přiznaky, lecbu a komplikace. Zdůrazňuji roli pediatra a praktickeho lekaře v týmovem mezioborovem komplexnim přistupu k pacientovi.
Toward Soluble, Stable Organic Electroactive Materials for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries (2017)

Commercial redox flow batteries (RFBs) contain highly acidic and corrosive electrolytes, a cause for concern with widespread use to due concerns about safety and environmental contamination. Replacing these electrolytes with non-aqueous equivalents allows for a safer storage medium. Additionally, utilization of organic electroactive materials may lead to more scalable technologies that do not rely on mined materials such as vanadium and lithium. Furthermore, non-aqueous electrolytes could enable a 2- to 3-fold increase in operating voltage due to the wider operating voltage of non-aqueous systems. Despite the promise for a safer, scalable, higher energy system, the number of organic compounds reported in non-aqueous flow battery systems has been limited to a few classes of compounds, many of which suffer from instability and/or insolubility, especially in charged states. Our recent efforts have focused on the development of organic electron donors and acceptors with stable oxidized and reduced states. This presentation will focus on design strategies utilized to increase molecular stability and solubility in all relevant states of oxidation while keeping syntheses short, high yielding, and scalable. In particular, we highlight the design, synthesis, and electrochemical analysis of new phenothiazine and napthoquinone derivatives designed to serve as one- or two-electron donors. We show that tactical placement of substituents leads to improved stability and increased solubility. Additionally, a new approach to modification of redox potentials using strategic substituent placement will be presented.
Artificial nanostructure devices of InAs produced by AFM oxidation S Sasa, A Nakashima, T Kita and M Inoue (2002)

The result indicates the advantageous feature of the AFM oxidation process as a simple and useful nanostructure fabrication technique for InAs with the feature size less than 100 nm. For further application of this AFM oxidation process, the electrical properties of the InAs oxide was studied using a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure and was found to form an electron barrier with the conduction band discontinuity of 0.45 eV with respect to InAs. [8]Recently, we demonstrated that the phase breaking time in high mobility InAs/AlGaSb open-dot structures lies in tens of picoseconds even at 4.2 K and is longer than that in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. [9, 10] The fluctuations in the magnetoresistance can be interpreted in terms of mode matching of the bare dot states.[11, 12] Due to the smaller electron effective mass of InAs, the level separation in an InAs dot reaches a few meV for the diameter less than 100 nm. Therefore, nanofabrication of InAs is interesting for the study of quantum transport properties.
High Performance 60 GHz Bidirectional Phased Array Front End in SiGe BiCMOS (2019)

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a 57-66 GHz bidirectional phased-array frontend in SiGe BiCMOS for time-duplexed transceivers. The TX path includes PA, power detector, variable attenuator and phase inverter. A fine-tuned 0-180° passive phase shifter is shared with the RX path which integrates also LNA, variable attenuators and phase inverter (PI). In RX mode, the front-end achieves 22 dB, gain bandwidth of 14 GHz and 6.4 dB minimum NF in the high-gain mode. In TX mode, the front-end achieves 12 dBm saturated output power, 9.7 dBm output-referred 1dB compression point, 24 dB gain, and 8 GHz bandwidth. The phase shifters achieve full 360° phase span with 6-bit phase resolution, 2.3° rms phase error and 0.2 dB rms gain error at 60 GHz. The IC occupies area of 3.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (including pads) and consumes 102 mW/256 mW in RX/TX (at P1dB), respectively.
Association of Peritumoral Radiomics With Tumor Biology and Pathologic Response to Preoperative Targeted Therapy forHER2 (ERBB2)–Positive Breast Cancer (2019)

A combination of peritumoral and intratumoral characteristics appears to identify intrinsic molecular subtypes of HER2+ breast cancers from imaging, offering insights into immune response within the peritumoral environment and suggesting potential benefit for treatment guidance.
Recent accomplishments and new opportunities in seed research. (2003)

This chapter provides a brief introduction on the different breakthroughs regarding studies relating to seed research in Salamanca, Spain. These include: seed development; seed germination and dormancy; desiccation and other stress tolerance and conservation; seed ecology; seed banks and preservation of germplasm; and seed biotechnology. Also included are new opportunities for studies on seed biology.
1H MR spectroscopy of the motor cortex immediately following transcranial direct current stimulation at 7 Tesla (2018)

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that may modulate cortical excitability, metabolite concentration, and human behaviour. The supplementary motor area (SMA) has been largely ignored as a potential target for tDCS neurorehabilitation but is an important region in motor compensation after brain injury with strong efferent connections to the primary motor cortex (M1). The objective of this work was to measure tissue metabolite changes in the human motor cortex immediately following tDCS. We hypothesized that bihemispheric tDCS would change levels of metabolites involved in neuromodulation including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), and creatine (tCr). In this single-blind, randomized, cross-over study, fifteen healthy adults aged 21-60 participated in two 7T MRI sessions, to identify changes in metabolite concentrations by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Immediately after 20 minutes of tDCS, there were no significant changes in metabolite levels or metabolite ratios comparing tDCS to sham. However there was a trend toward increased NAA/tCr concentration (p = 0.08) in M1 under the stimulating cathode. There was a strong, positive correlation between the change in the absolute concentration of NAA and the change in the absolute concentration of tCr (p<0.001) suggesting an effect of tDCS. Both NAA and creatine are important markers of neurometabolism. Our findings provide novel insight into the modulation of neural metabolites in the motor cortex immediately following application of bihemispheric tDCS.
Time Divergence-Convergence Learning Scheme in Multi-Layer Dynamic Synapse Neural Networks (2017)

A new learning scheme called time divergence-convergence (TDC) is proposed for two-layer dynamic synapse neural networks (DSNN). DSNN is an artificial neural network model, in which the synaptic transmission is modeled by a dynamic process and the information between neurons are transmitted through spike timing. In TDC, the intra-layer neurons of a DSNN are trained to map input spike trains to a higher dimension of spike trains called a feature-domain, and the output neurons are trained to build the desired spike trains by processing the spike timing of intralayer neurons. The DSNN performance was examined in a jittered spike train classification task which shows more than 92\% accuracy in classifying different spike trains. The DSNN performance is comparable with the recurrent multi-layer neural networks and surpasses a single-layer DSNN with a 22\% margin. Synaptic dynamics have been proposed as the neural substrate for sub-second temporal processing; we can utilize TDC to train a DSNN to perform diverse forms of sub-second temporal processing. The TDC learning proposed here is scalable in terms of the synaptic adaptation of deeper layers of multi-layer DSNNs. The DSNN along with TDC learning proposed here can be used in to replicate the processing observed in neural circuitry and in pattern recognition tasks.
Jointly optimal quantization, estimation, and control of hidden markov chains (2004)

It is of interest to understand the tradeoff between the communication resource consumption and the achievable system performance in networked control systems. In this paper we explore a general framework for tradeoff analysis and decision making in such systems by studying joint quantization, estimation, and control of a hidden Markov chain. Dynamic programming is used to find the optimal quantization and control scheme that minimizes a weighted combination of different cost terms including the communication cost, the delay, the estimation error, and the running cost. Simulation and analysis based on example problems show that this approach is able to capture the tradeoffs among competing objectives by adjusting the cost weights.