gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscale magnetic patterning of hard magnetic films using microfabricated magnetizing masks (2014)

We present a batch-fabrication process to imprint microscale magnetic pole patterns (perpendicular north/south poles) into hard magnetic films using field-shaping, soft magnetic “magnetizing masks”. Using 7-μm-thick, electroplated Fe-Co magnetizing masks, magnetic stripes with widths down to 50 μm have been imprinted into both 15-μm-thick Co-Pt films and 5-μm-thick Nd-Fe-B films. These patterned films exhibit a sinusoidal stray magnetic field pattern with ∼4 and ∼7 mT <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pk-pk</inf> variations and corresponding field gradients of 80 and 140 T/m, respectively. We also demonstrate the ability to transfer more complex patterns by showing magnetization of various geometric shapes.
Waste Energy Recovery Through Turbo Generation: “Unexpected Fuel Efficiency Sweet Spot for Transient Control.” (2018)

A non-intuitive aspect of the transient management of a waste energy recovery (WER) system on a small turbocharged gasoline engine is presented in this work. The WER system is realized with a positive displacement expander and an electric motor, named exhaust turbo generating (ETG) system. The steady state simulations indicate that for a range of medium loads it can provide up to 5.5% reduction in the fuel consumption. For this, the ETG system set point and the engine spark timing, which is affected by the extra imposed backpressure, are optimized offline. The decentralized control design presented in this work warrants effective actuator coordination including five controlling actuators on the engine level and two for the ETG system. A sliding mode controller is designed for controlling the ETG speed with different closed loop bandwidths. The results indicate that the optimum control strategy is not the one with the fastest closed loop ETG response. Specifically, one would expect that the fastest transients would be better in maintaining the benefits that were projected in steady state GT-Power simulations. With this work, it is clarified for the first time that the ETG control design tuned to optimize the transitions to optimal rotational speed is as important as the actual selection of these steady state optimal set points, which has been studied extensively in the past.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 5, Table 1 from COX-2 Drives Metastatic Breast Cells from Brain Lesions into the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Systemic Circulation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 338KB, Figure S1. COX-2 is overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. Figure S2. Celecoxib inhibits the invasion and migration capacity of breast cancer cells in vitro. Figure S3. Celecoxib inhibits the migration of breast cancer cells into the cerebrospinal fluid. Figure S4. Enumerating human breast cancer cells in mouse blood using the CellSearch system. Figure S5. Changes in CTC and CSFTC counts as a function of changes in neurological or systemic clinical symptoms of disease. Table S1. Receptor status of enrolled breast cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Cerebral ischemia during hemodialysis—finding the signal in the noise (2018)

Hemodialysis patients have multiple risk factors for small vessel cerebrovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction. Hemodialysis itself may cause clinically significant neurological injury through repetitive cerebral ischemia. However, supporting evidence to date consists of epidemiological associations, expert opinion, and small, single-centre studies of variable methodological quality. Isolating the impact of intra-dialytic hemodynamic instability from underlying renal and vascular disease on clinically relevant functional outcomes would require very large, controlled studies, given the heterogeneity and confounding comorbidities of the population, and the complex relationship between blood pressure and cerebral oxygen delivery. There has been an increase in complementary physiological studies looking directly at intra-dialytic cerebral oxygen balance, which have provided supporting evidence for the occurrence of cerebral ischemia, often independently of hemodynamics. Data suggesting a relationship between these measures of oxygen balance and functional outcomes is only hypothesis-generating at this stage. We advocate the testing of interventions that aim to reduce intra-dialytic cerebral hypoxia (rather than hypotension) in sufficiently powered studies, followed by correlation with validated, longitudinal assessment of clinically relevant neurological damage.
Isolation of novel tissue-specific genes from cDNA libraries representing the individual tissue constituents of the gastrulating mouse embryo (1995)

A total of 5 conventional, directionally cloned plasmid cDNA libraries have been constructed from the entire embryonic region of the mid-gastrulation mouse embryo and from its four principal tissue constituents (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm and primitive streak). These libraries have been validated with respect to the number of independent clones, insert-size and appropriate representation of diagnostic marker genes. Subtractive hybridisation has been used to remove clones common to the Endoderm and Mesoderm cDNA libraries resulting in an Endoderm minus Mesoderm subtracted library. Probe prepared from this subtracted library has been hybridised to a grid containing approximately 18,500 Embryonic Region library clones. Three novel clones have been recovered as well as expected genes already known to be highly expressed in the primitive endoderm lineage at this stage of development. In situ hybridisation to early postimplantation embryos has revealed the expression patterns of these novel genes. One is highly expressed exclusively in visceral endoderm, one is expressed in ectodermal and endodermal tissues, and the third proves to be an early marker of prospective and differentiated surface ectoderm as well as being expressed in endoderm and its derivatives.
Mo2Cap2: Real-time Mobile 3D Motion Capture with a Cap-mounted Fisheye Camera (2018)

We propose the first real-time approach for the egocentric estimation of 3D human body pose in a wide range of unconstrained everyday activities. This setting has a unique set of challenges, such as mobility of the hardware setup, and robustness to long capture sessions with fast recovery from tracking failures. We tackle these challenges based on a novel lightweight setup that converts a standard baseball cap to a device for high-quality pose estimation based on a single cap-mounted fisheye camera. From the captured egocentric live stream, our CNN based 3D pose estimation approach runs at 60Hz on a consumer-level GPU. In addition to the novel hardware setup, our other main contributions are: 1) a large ground truth training corpus of top-down fisheye images and 2) a novel disentangled 3D pose estimation approach that takes the unique properties of the egocentric viewpoint into account. As shown by our evaluation, we achieve lower 3D joint error as well as better 2D overlay than the existing baselines.
Improvement of Transpassive Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel by Thermomechanical Processing for Twin-induced Grain Boundary Engineering (2010)

Grain boundary engineering (GBE) primarily aims to prevent the initiation and propagation of intergranular degradation along grain boundaries by frequent introduction of coincidence site lattice (CSL) boundaries into the grain boundary networks in materials. It has been reported that GBE is effective to prevent passive intergranular corrosion such as sensitization of austenitic stainless steels, but the effect of GBE on transpassive corrosion has not been clarified. In the present study, a twin-induced GBE utilizing optimized thermomechanical processing with small pre-strain and subsequent annealing was applied to introduce very high frequencies of CSL boundaries into type 304 austenitic stainless steels containing different phosphorus concentrations. The resulting steels showed much higher resistance to transpassive intergranular corrosion during the Coriou test, in comparison with the as-received ones. The high CSL frequency resulted in a very low percolation probability of random boundary networks in the over-threshold region and remarkable suppression of intergranular deterioration during GBE.
Magnetic nanoparticle-supported ferrocenylphosphine: a reusable catalyst for hydroformylation of alkene and Mizoroki–Heck olefination (2016)

This study was focused on regioselective, re-usable and solvent-free catalysis using <bold>Fe3O4@dop-BPPF</bold> nanomaterials.
Binocular benefits of optical treatment in anisometropic amblyopia (2018)

In this study, we investigated the effect of optical treatment on sensory eye balance in anisometropic amblyopia. Fourteen individuals (age: 13.7 ± 8.4 years old) with previously untreated anisometropic amblyopia were enrolled in the study. The average magnitude of their anisometropia (spherical equivalent) was 4.02 ± 1.19 DS. Their best corrected monocular visual acuity and sensory eye balance were measured before and after a 2-month period of full refractive correction (i.e., our optical treatment). Spectacle-corrected distance visual acuity (at 5 m) was measured monocularly using the Tumbling E Chart. Sensory eye balance was quantitatively assessed using a binocular phase-combination paradigm to determine the interocular contrast ratio at which the two eyes were balanced in binocular sensory combination (i.e., the balance point). We found that both interocular contrast ratio at the balance point (p = 0.006) and visual acuity of the amblyopic eye (p < 0.001) were significantly improved after 2 months of optical treatment, often referred to as refractive adaptation. We conclude that sustained optical treatment improves interocular sensory balance in anisometropic amblyopia as well as monocular acuity. Optical treatment is a passive form of binocular therapy and a necessary first step in treating the binocular dysfunction that characterizes amblyopia.
Safety of Living Donation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (2016)

More than 12 000 volunteer unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donations are undertaken annually, and the World Marrow Donor Association established an expert committee to examine all reports of adverse events affecting donors globally, eventually making such reporting a necessary part of World Marrow Donor Association accreditation. The committee evaluates and responds to reported events in a nonpunitive confidential process designed to alert the community of rare events which might be missed by local follow-up. Each report is evaluated by the committee for imputability (causal link between the donation and the adverse event) and compared with that submitted by the reporting registry. In 2014, there were 50 reports received from 16 different registries in 15 countries. There were 16 reports of malignancies arising in donors including 3 hematologic malignancies. All but 2 of the 16 occurred more than a year after donation. There were 4 reports of autoimmune phenomena in donors all occurring more than a year postdonation. Of the 30 remaining events, 6 were allergic, 4 cardiac, 3 gastrointestinal, 2 infections, 2 pulmonary, and 13 miscellaneous. Causation was assessed differently to the reporting registry in 17 events with 6 thought to be less likely causally linked to the donation and 10 more likely with 1 requiring more information. Volunteer unrelated hematopoietic stem cell donation is a safe and effective altruistic contribution to the treatment of patients with life-threatening hematologic disorders. A decade of detailed examination of adverse donor events has contributed to the safety of these donations.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Induces Focal Polymerization of Actin in Primary Human Urethral Epithelium (1998)

The pathogenic Neisseria species induce cytoskeletal reorganization in immortalized cell lines. In Chang conjunctival epithelium and T84 intestinal epithelium, focal cytoskeletal rearrangements in which bacteria contacted the epithelial surface were observed. We show that actin footprints are induced in gonococcus-challenged primary urethral epithelium. Moreover, the microbes induced microvillus extension from the epithelial cell surface. Our results indicate that formation of actin footprints is not an artifact of commonly used immortalized cell lines.
Adenovirally Transduced Dendritic Cells Induce Bispecific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Responses Against Adenovirus and Cytomegalovirus pp65 or Against Adenovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus EBNA3C Protein: A Novel Approach for Immunotherapy (2002)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and adenovirus (Ad) cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. We have established a procedure to generate polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) populations with specificity against Ad and CMV or against Ad and EBV. Healthy donor-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were transduced with recombinant adenovirus encoding either CMV pp65 or EBV EBNA3C and used to stimulate autologous T cells. Stimulated T lymphocytes displayed specific simultaneous cytotoxicity against CMV and adenovirus and to a lesser extent against adenovirus and EBV. Recombinant vaccinia virus encoding individual adenovirus proteins showed that the T cell response to the adenovirus was directed mainly against the capsid protein hexon. The frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting T cells was 0.02% for adenovirus alone, and 0.05 and 0.14% for adenoviruses encoding EBNA3C and pp65, respectively. pp65-specific CTLs killed autologous fibroblasts infected with the laboratory strain CMV AD169. The culture conditions were specific as alloreactive T cells were not expanded. Therefore, this approach could be considered in order to generate efficient virus cytolytic T cells to be used as adoptive immunotherapy in transplanted patients.
The Transcriptional Response of Cryptococcus neoformans to Ingestion by Acanthamoeba castellanii and Macrophages Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Adaptation to the Mammalian Host (2013)

Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans for mammals, and in particular its intracellular style, was proposed to emerge from evolutionary pressures on its natural environment by protozoan predation, which promoted the selection of strategies that allow intracellular survival in macrophages. In fact, Acanthamoeba castellanii ingests yeast cells, which then can replicate intracellularly. In addition, most fungal factors needed to establish infection in the mammalian host are also important for survival within the amoeba. To better understand the origin of C. neoformans virulence, we compared the transcriptional profile of yeast cells internalized by amoebae and murine macrophages after 6 h of infection. Our results showed 656 and 293 genes whose expression changed at least 2-fold in response to the intracellular environments of amoebae and macrophages, respectively. Among the genes that were found in both groups, we focused on open reading frame (ORF) CNAG_05662, which was potentially related to sugar transport but had no determined biological function. To characterize its function, we constructed a mutant strain and evaluated its ability to grow on various carbon sources. The results showed that this gene, named PTP1 (polyol transporter protein 1), is involved in the transport of 5- and 6-carbon polyols such as mannitol and sorbitol, but its presence or absence had no effect on cryptococcal virulence for mice or moth larvae. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that the capacity for mammalian virulence originated from fungus-protozoan interactions in the environment and provide a better understanding of how C. neoformans adapts to the mammalian host.
Hardware Implementation of Associative Memories Based on Multiple-Valued Sparse Clustered Networks (2016)

This paper presents algorithms and hardware implementations of associative memories based on multiple-valued sparse clustered networks (MV-SCNs). SCNs are recently-introduced binary-weighted associative memories that significantly improve the storage and retrieval capabilities over the prior state-of-the art. However, deleting or updating the messages stored in binary-weighted connections result in a significant increase in the data retrieval error probability as the binary-weighted connections deleted may be shared for several data patterns. In order to address the problem, the proposed algorithm exploits multiple-valued weighted connections of the network for storing the messages while maintaining the number of computation nodes in a cluster. The use of the multiple-valued weighted connections reduces the probability of deleting the shared connections compared to the binary-weighted connections. As a result, the proposed algorithm lowers the error rate by an order of magnitude for our sample network with 60% deleted contents compared to the conventional algorithm when the same amount of memory is used. For performance comparisons in hardware, the proposed SCNs are designed using Verilog-HDL and synthesized on TSMC 65 nm CMOS technology. The synthesis results show that the proposed MV-SCNs are around 10% smaller than the conventional binary-weighted SCNs as the number of computation nodes in the proposed SCNs is smaller than that of the conventional SCNs with the comparable speed and memory size.
Transmural sheet strains in the lateral wall of the ovine left ventricle (2005)

In an attempt to provide a better understanding of our finding that regions with contracting left ventricular myofibers need not develop a significant transmural systolic wall thickening gradient, the analytic approach of Costa et al. was applied to the four-dimensional dynamic data obtained 1 and 8 wk after surgical implantation of transmural radiopaque beads in the lateral equatorial left ventricular wall in seven ovine hearts. Quantitative histology of tissue blocks demonstrated that fiber angles varied linearly across the wall in this region from -37 degrees in the subepicardium to +18 degrees in the subendocardium. Sheet angles exhibited a pleated-sheet behavior, alternating sign from subepicardium to subendocardium. From end diastole (reference configuration) to end systole (deformed configuration), fiber strain was uniformly negative, sheet extension and sheet thickening were uniformly positive, and sheet-normal shear contributed to wall thickening at all wall depths. Subepicardial radial wall thickening increased significantly from week 1 to week 8, with significant increases in the contributions from subepicardial sheet extension and sheet-normal shear. At 1 and 8 wk, the contribution of sheet-normal shear to wall thickening was substantial at all transmural depths; the contribution of sheet extension to wall thickening was greatest in the subepicardium and least in the subendocardium, and the contribution of sheet thickening to wall thickening was greatest in the subendocardium and least in the subepicardium. A mechanistic model is proposed that provides a working hypothesis that a selective decrease in subepicardial intercellular matrix stiffness is responsible for elimination of the transmural wall thickening gradient 1-8 wk after marker implantation surgery.
Tunable mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) polarizer by ORMOCHALC composite with improved thermomechanical stability (2021)

Mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR, &lambda; = 3 – 5 &mu;m) materials are of great importance due to their applications in optical sensors and devices for military, industry, and non-invasive medical diagnostics. Specifically, MWIR polarimetry are used in biometric recognition and camouflaged detection. Recently, sulfur based organically modified chalcogenides (ORMOCHALC) polymers have been utilized to fabricate MWIR polarizers with competitive extinction coefficient to commercial polarizers, which are mostly made of expensive, brittle, and heavy inorganic materials. On the other hand, to adjust or reinforce the refractive index of the polymer, the chalcogenide content (i.e., sulfur, selenium) needs to be increased, which may result in adverse effects on the thermomechanical characteristics, including Young's modulus and lower glass transition temperature. This reduced thermomechanical stability compromises the structural integrity of ORMOCHALC-based optical devices. In this study, an ORMOCHALC polymer, poly(S–<i>r</i>–DIB), was reinforced with the zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles to simultaneously improve the refractive index and the thermomechanical properties. The addition of 20 wt% ZnS nanoparticles improves the pure polymer's glass transition temperature (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>) from 9.6 &deg;C to 31.4 &deg;C, and the refractive index by &Delta;<i>n</i>= 6.58 %. Then, subwavelength wire-grid polarizers were fabricated based on the pure ORMOCHALC first by a simple thermal imprinting method followed by metal deposition. The resulted MWIR polarizer showed a high extinction coefficient which is comparable with commercial polarizers. However, the structural integrity of the polarizers was compromised due to lower glass transition temperature. Finally, finite element analysis was conducted on the possible wire-grid polarizer fabrication utilizing optically and mechanically reinforced composites, as demonstrated in this study. If fabricated, these nanoparticles reinforced polarizers will possess superior structural integrity compared to ORMOCHALC polarizers. Moreover, these polarizers show a spectral selectivity as the transmission curve's resonance wavelength depends on the composite's refractive index, which is tunable by controlling the nanoparticles content. The resonance peak redshifted from 3.12 &mu;m to 3.3 &mu;m for the pure polymer to 20% ZnS reinforced ORMOCHALC polarizer. The extinction coefficient of the polarizer also improved in multiple wavelength bands in the MWIR. These polarizers with superior extinction coefficient, spectral selectivity, and improved thermomechanical stability demonstrate a broader prospect in MWIR optics.