gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Regulation of the Embryonic Morphogen Nodal by Notch4 Facilitates Manifestation of the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer associated with poor prognosis. The reactivation of the embryonic morphogen Nodal in metastatic melanoma has previously been shown to regulate the aggressive behavior of these tumor cells. During the establishment of left-right asymmetry in early vertebrate development, &lt;i&gt;Nodal&lt;/i&gt; expression is specifically regulated by a Notch signaling pathway. We hypothesize that a similar relationship between Notch and Nodal may be reestablished in melanoma. In this study, we investigate whether cross talk between the Notch and Nodal pathways can explain the reactivation of Nodal in aggressive metastatic melanoma cells. We show a molecular link between Notch and Nodal signaling in the aggressive melanoma cell line MV3 via the activity of an RBPJ-dependent &lt;i&gt;Nodal&lt;/i&gt; enhancer element. We show a precise correlation between Notch4 and Nodal expression in multiple aggressive cell lines but not poorly aggressive cell lines. Surprisingly, Notch4 is specifically required for expression of Nodal in aggressive cells and plays a vital role both in the balance of cell growth and in the regulation of the aggressive phenotype. In addition, Notch4 function in vasculogenic mimicry and anchorage-independent growth &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; is due in part to Notch4 regulation of Nodal. This study identifies an important role for cross talk between Notch4 and Nodal in metastatic melanoma, placing Notch4 upstream of Nodal, and offers a potential molecular target for melanoma therapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 70(24); 10340–50. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CGRP-dependent and independent mechanisms of acute and persistent post-traumatic headache following mild traumatic brain injury in mice (2019)

CA Cutaneous allodynia CGRP Calcitonin gene-related peptide mTBI Mild traumatic brain injury PTH Post-traumatic headache APTH Acute post-traumatic headache PPTH Persistent post-traumatic headache.
Atmospheric Emission Characterization of Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Development Sites (2015)

Limited direct measurements of criteria pollutants emissions and precursors, as well as natural gas constituents, from Marcellus shale gas development activities contribute to uncertainty about their atmospheric impact. Real-time measurements were made with the Aerodyne Research Inc. Mobile Laboratory to characterize emission rates of atmospheric pollutants. Sites investigated include production well pads, a well pad with a drill rig, a well completion, and compressor stations. Tracer release ratio methods were used to estimate emission rates. A first-order correction factor was developed to account for errors introduced by fenceline tracer release. In contrast to observations from other shale plays, elevated volatile organic compounds, other than CH4 and C2H6, were generally not observed at the investigated sites. Elevated submicrometer particle mass concentrations were also generally not observed. Emission rates from compressor stations ranged from 0.006 to 0.162 tons per day (tpd) for NOx, 0.029 to 0.426 tpd for CO, and 67.9 to 371 tpd for CO2. CH4 and C2H6 emission rates from compressor stations ranged from 0.411 to 4.936 tpd and 0.023 to 0.062 tpd, respectively. Although limited in sample size, this study provides emission rate estimates for some processes in a newly developed natural gas resource and contributes valuable comparisons to other shale gas studies.
Regulation of ROMK1 K+ channel activity involves phosphorylation processes. (1994)

An inwardly rectifying, ATP-regulated K+ channel with a distinctive molecular architecture, ROMK1, was recently cloned from rat kidney. Using patch clamp techniques, we have investigated the regulation of ROMK1 with particular emphasis on phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. Spontaneous channel rundown occurred after excision of membrane patches into ATP-free bath solutions in the presence of Mg2+. Channel rundown was almost completely abolished after excision of patches into either Mg(2+)-free bathing solutions or after preincubation with the broad-spectrum phosphatase inhibitor, orthovanadate, in the presence of Mg2+. MgATP preincubation also inhibited channel rundown in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the effect of the specific phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid (1 microM) and calyculin A (1 microM) was also investigated. The presence of either okadaic acid or calyculin A failed to inhibit channel rundown. Taken together, these data suggest that rundown of ROMK1 involves a Mg(2+)-dependent dephosphorylation process. Channel activity was also partially restored after the addition of MgATP to the bath solution. Addition of exogenous cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit led to a further increase in channel open probability. Addition of Na2ATP, in the absence of Mg2+, was ineffective, suggesting that restoration of channel activity is a Mg(2+)-dependent process. Addition of the specific PKA inhibitor, PKI, to the bath solution led to a partial, reversible inhibition in channel activity. Thus, PKA-dependent phosphorylation processes are involved in the modulation of channel activity. This observation is consistent with the presence of potential PKA phosphorylation sites on ROMK1.
IOFI recommended practice for the use of predicted relative‐response factors for the rapid quantification of volatile flavouring compounds by GC‐FID (2016)

Abstract This recommended practice enables the quantification of volatile compounds in flavourings to be made by gas chromatography with flame‐ionization detection, without having authentic compounds available, and also in many cases it can avoid time‐consuming calibration procedures. The relative‐response factors (RRF) can be predicted from the molecular formula of the compound, and this approach can be applied to compounds containing the atoms C, H, O, N, S, F, Cl, Br, I, and Si, providing that the molecular formula and number of benzene rings in the analytes are known. The purity of chemically‐defined flavouring substances or chromatographic standards can also be estimated using these predicted RRF, and this procedure can also be used to quantify (poly)hydroxylated compounds, after their derivatization into trimethylsilyl ethers or esters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
BTI impact on logical gates in nano-scale CMOS technology (2012)

As semiconductor manufacturing has entered into the nanoscale era, Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) -Negative BTI (NBTI) in PMOS transistors and Positive BTI (PBTI) in NMOS transistors- has become one of the most serious aging mechanisms that reduces reliability of logic gates. This paper presents a simulation-based BTI analysis in both basic (such as NAND and NOR) and complex gates while considering the impact of input's duty cycle, the frequency at which they change, as well as the impact of the stressed transistor location. The simulation results show that the impact of BTI is strongly gate dependent and that in general the impact in complex gates is larger. When considering both NBTI and PBTI for basic gates, the results reveal that for a NOR gate the impact of NBTI is 2.19× higher than that of PBTI; while for a NAND gate, PBTI impact is 1.27× higher than that of NBTI. When considering different input duty cycles and their frequencies, the results show that the higher the duty cycle, the lower NBTI impact and the higher the PBTI impact regardless of the gate types and the frequency; a variation of ±30% duty cycle causes a variation of up to 49% variation in the impact of NBTI and a variation of 16% in the impact of PBTI. For complex gates, the results show similar trends, but with higher impact.
Efficacy of pyridoxal treatment in controlling the growth of melanomas in cell culture and an animal pilot study. (1994)

We have demonstrated, using confocal laser scanning microscopy, that pyridoxal treatment of B16C3 murine melanoma cells inhibits triamcinolone acetonide induced translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor to the nucleus of intact cells. In addition to inhibiting glucocorticoid receptor nuclear translocation, pyridoxal kills B16C3 murine melanoma cells and WM983A human melanoma cells in culture. Cortexolone, a glucocorticoid antagonist, also kills cells in culture. This mechanism, however, appears to initiate in the glucocorticoid receptor signal transducing cascade at a point prior to the impact of pyridoxal treatment alone. The glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 has no detrimental effect on melanoma cell viability, however, in combination with pyridoxal, RU486 extends cell viability. Since pyridoxal kills melanoma cells in culture, a pilot study was carried out examining the efficacy of topical application of a pyridoxal cream to inhibit the growth and/or cause regression of (B16C3) xenograft melanoma tumors in an immunocompetent (Hairless Rhino-J3) and an immunocompromised (Crl: nu/nu (CD1)BR) murine animal model. The results of the study with immunocompetent animals are encouraging. While tumors are brought under control by pyridoxal treatment, further work is needed to determine the most efficacious treatment regimen and to establish formal concentrations for pyridoxal in topical ointments. Trials using immunocompromised animals indicated that although some qualitative differences may be detected between the control and experimental animals, tumor growth in these animals is so aggressive that multiple applications or higher concentrations of pyridoxal may be needed to obtain useful data.
Heterostructures for Improved Stability of Lithium Sulfur Batteries (2014)

There is a need for exploring new battery chemistries demonstrating higher energy density than currently used Li-ion systems. The recent development of sulfur cathodes, with theoretical capacities of ∼1675 mAh/g in lithium based batteries therefore bears great relevance in designing the next generation mobile lithium based battery systems. Although promising, sulfur cathodes are hamstrung by a number of problems including but not limited to inherent electronic conductivity limitations, volumetric expansion and soluble polysulfide formation resulting in poor rate capabilities, poor areal capacity and poor cyclability. In this work, we implement a three-pronged strategy to overcome the issues stated above. Using a simple chemical procedure, we have successfully synthesized sulfur nanoparticles that display capacities up to ∼1100 mAh/g. We have also demonstrated high areal capacities in thick electrodes prepared by solid-state processing exhibiting good capacity retention as a result of the same. Finally, we have successfully demonstrated the use of thin lithium ion conductive coatings (LIC) on sulfur to demonstrate significant improvement in capacity fade. The thick electrodes coated with a thin lithium ion conducting coating that we use in this study allow us to obtain very high areal capacities (of ∼5 mAh/cm2) in contrast to hitherto published reports.
Liquid crystal polarization camera (1997)

We present a fully automated system which unites CCD camera technology with liquid crystal technology to create a polarization camera capable of sensing the partial linear polarization of reflected light from objects at pixel resolution. As polarization sensing not only measures intensity but also additional physical parameters of light, it can therefore provide a richer set of descriptive physical constraints for the understanding of images. Previously it has been shown that polarization cues can be used to perform dielectric/metal material identification, specular and diffuse reflection component analysis, as well as complex image segmentations that would be significantly more complicated or even infeasible using intensity and color alone. Such analysis has so far been done with a linear polarizer mechanically rotated in front of a CCD camera. The full automation of resolving polarization components using liquid crystals not only affords an elegant application, but significantly speeds up the sensing of polarization components and reduces the amount of optical distortion present in the wobbling of a mechanically rotating polarizer. In our system two twisted nematic liquid crystals are placed in front of a fixed linear polarizer placed in front of a CCD camera. The application of a series of electrical pulses to the liquid crystals in synchronization with the CCD camera video frame rate produces a controlled sequence of polarization component images that are stored and processed on Datacube boards. We present a scheme for mapping a partial linear polarization state measured at a pixel into hue, saturation and intensity producing a representation for a partial linear polarization image. Our polarization camera currently senses partial linear polarization and outputs such a color representation image at 5 Hz. The unique vision understanding capabilities of our polarization camera system are demonstrated with experimental results showing polarization-based dielectric/metal material classification, specular reflection and occluding contour segmentations in a fairly complex scene, and surface orientation constraints.
Sur des aspects algébriques et combinatoires de l'analyse relationnelle : applications en classification automatique, en théorie du choix social et en théorie des tresses (2007)

Relational Analysis is concerned with the analysis of binary relations and their applicationsin different mathematical fields. The approach presented here and which has been developpedinitially by J.F. Marcotorchino and P. Michaud is particular as it represents the binary relationsas pairwise comparisons matrices, and as it is basically related to different tools from graphtheory, statistics and linear programming. The most usual application domains of RelationalAnalysis are clustering and multicriteria decision making which are respectively based uponthe analysis of equivalence and order relations.We have been interested in extending Relational Analysis to binary relations algebra, multi-valued logics, combinatorics and combinatorial optimization. These researches have given newresults in the usual application domains which have been mentionned beforehand and also tosome new extensions namely, the axiomatic of social choice theory and braids and knots theo-ries. Finally, this work presents the following contributions :• A new clustering algorithm for which the number of clusters is not required• A unified framework for some similarity indices between numerical vectors (which arevalid for binary or qualitative or quantitative variables), some categorical variables asso-ciation criteria and ordered variables association criteria• An aggregation process called the “consensus principle”, which is based on a generalizedmajority rule and which is derived from the combinatoric formulas of H. Poincaré andCh. Jordan• A generalization of the D. Black, K. Inada and A.K. Sen restriction conditions in socialchoice theory, which aims at defining sufficient and necessary conditions for the transiti-vity of the social choice obtained from several individual preferences• A new modelling approach for braids that enables to take into account generic isotopicmovements of strings and to present algorithmic problems in braids and knots theory ascombinatorial optimization problems
Aérgia: A Network-on-Chip Exploiting Packet Latency Slack (2010)

A traditional Network-on-Chip (NoC) employs simple arbitration strategies, such as round robin or oldest first, which treat packets equally regardless of the source applications' characteristics. This is suboptimal because packets can have different effects on system performance. We define slack as a key measure for characterizing a packet's relative importance. Aérgia introduces new router prioritization policies that exploit interfering packets' available slack to improve overall system performance and fairness.
Identification and quantitation of platelet-associated fibronectin antigen. (1979)

Platelet-associated fibronectin antigen has been identified by radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescent techniques. In radioimmunoassay, platelet fibronectin was immunochemically indistinguishable from plasma fibronectin. Platelet and plasma fibronectin were bound and eluted from gelatin-sepharose under similar conditions. The level of platelet fibronectin in detergent extracts of washed platelets from 12 healthy adults was 2.85 +/- 1.24 microgram/10(9) platelets. Immunofluorescence with F(ab')2 fragments of immunochemically purified antifibronectin showed that all platelets stained with a discrete punctate pattern. The identification of platelet fibronectin antigen raises the possibility that this protein may participate in platelet-platelet or platelet-surface interactions.
Frequency-correlation properties of optical waveguide intensity patterns (1984)

A modal analysis has been used to explain frequency-correlation characteristics in waveguide cross-sectional intensity patterns. It is also shown that the power spectral density of the waveguide impulse response can be obtained from continuous-wave frequency-correlation measurement.
Mobile Digital Fluorescence Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis (2013)

Access to sputum smear microscopy in high-tuberculosis (TB)-burden regions is limited by a scarcity of microscopes and experienced technicians. We evaluated the accuracy of CellScope, a novel digital fluorescence microscope that may expand access to microscopy. The study utilized smear microscopy slides prepared from sputum specimens submitted by consecutive adults with ≥ 2 weeks of cough who were admitted to Mulago Hospital (Kampala, Uganda). Conventional light-emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy (FM) and mycobacterial culture were performed by experienced technicians. Two U.S.-based postgraduate researchers without prior microscopy experience restained, imaged, and interpreted the slides using CellScope. We assessed whether sensitivity and specificity of CellScope-based LED FM was noninferior to conventional LED FM by using a preselected margin of inferiority of 15%. Of 525 patients included, 72% were HIV seropositive and 39% had culture-confirmed TB. The proportions of positive results were similar with CellScope and conventional LED FM (34% versus 32%, respectively; P = 0.32), and agreement was substantial. CellScope accuracy was within the noninferiority margin for both sensitivity (63% versus 70%; difference, -7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13% to -1%) and specificity (85% versus 92%; difference, -7%; 95% CI, -12% to -3%). A subanalysis of 43 slides evaluated by each CellScope reader found substantial interreader reliability (custom-weighted kappa, 0.65) and variable intrareader reliability (custom-weighted kappa, 0.11 versus 0.48). CellScope offers promise for expanding microscopy services. Future studies should evaluate the device when operated by health workers in low-resource settings, the feasibility of image transmission and analysis by experienced microscopists, and the accuracy of automated image analysis algorithms.
The Influence of Precursor on the Preparation of CeO2 Catalysts for the Total Oxidation of the Volatile Organic Compound Propane (2021)

CeO2 catalysts were prepared by a precipitation method using either (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 or Ce(NO3)3, as CeIV or CeIII precursors respectively. The influence of the different precursors on catalytic activity was evaluated for the total oxidation of propane with water present in the feed. The catalyst prepared using the CeIV precursor was more active for propane total oxidation. The choice of precursor influenced catalyst properties such as surface area, reducibility, morphology, and active oxygen species. The predominant factor associated with the catalytic activity was related to the formation of either CeO2.nH2O or Ce2(OH)2(CO3)2.H2O precipitate species, formed prior to calcination. The formation of CeO2.nH2O resulted in enhanced surface area which was an important factor for controlling catalyst activity.
Carbon/carbon composites derived from poly(ethylene oxide)‐modified novolac‐type phenolic resin: Microstructure and physical, and morphological properties (2002)

Abstract A poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) novolac‐type phenolic resin blend was prepared by the physical blending method. The modified novolac‐type phenolic resin with various PEO contents was used as a matrix precursor to fabricate carbon/carbon composites. The effect of the PEO/phenolic resin mixing ratio on the change of the density and of the porosity was studied. The flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the PEO/phenolic resin blend‐derived carbon/carbon composites were also investigated. The results show that the density of the PEO/phenolic resin blend‐derived carbon/carbon composites decreases with the PEO content. The X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectra studies showed that the carbon fiber in the samples will affect the growth of the ordered carbon structure. From SEM morphological observation, it is shown that the fracture surface of specimens is smooth. Also, there is less fiber pull‐out and fiber breakage on the fracture surface. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1609–1619, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10407
Impact of Ni content on the thermoelectric properties of half-Heusler TiNiSn (2018)

Thermoelectric properties vary dramatically between two boundary compositions of Ni-rich and Ni-poor TiNiSn, up to 25% in <italic>zT</italic>.
Free Radicals from X-irradiated Single Crystals of Uridine-5′-phosphate Disodium Salt (1981)

X-irradiation of single crystals of uridine-5'-phosphate (disodium salt) between 10 and 300 K as well as storage of irradiated crystals at 300 K produces at least seven different radical species. Between 10 and 77 K, the uracil base anion and a secondary alkoxy radical at the ribose-O3'-site are formed. The latter transforms into a C5'-centred alkylphosphate species between 110 and 130 K which in turn decays between 180 and 220 K under formation of a base 5-yl hydrogen addition radical. Irradiation at 300 K additionally produces the base-located 6-yl radical together with a radical tentatively assigned to the doubly protonated base anion. Storage of crystals for several months results in decay of most of these species leaving a radical possibly located at c5' of the ribose. The spectral parameters of these radicals are given and discussed.