gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic modeling of solid nucleation in supercooled liquids (2001)

We have formulated a nucleation model that can simulate nucleation of solids in supercooled liquid in a manner that is consistent with the stochastic nature and kinetic aspect of the phenomenon. This is accomplished, even under highly transient and nonuniform thermal conditions, by (1) calculating the probability of nucleation in each and every liquid node during each time step using the Poisson expression, and (2) triggering nucleation if and only when the random number assigned to a node for the time step is less than the calculated nucleation probability. In contrast with previous models, no empirical or deterministic conditions for nucleation are imposed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the model by analyzing nucleation-initiated solidification as encountered in pulsed laser-induced irradiation of thin Si films, and discuss the generality and utility of the model.
A Cystine Knot Peptide Targeting Integrin αvβ6 for Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging of Tumors in Living Subjects (2016)

A740-R<sub>0</sub>1 specifically targeted integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub> with low nanomolar affinity. A740-R<sub>0</sub>1 was able to detect integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub> both in vitro and in vivo by photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging. A740-R<sub>0</sub>1 is able to detect α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub>-positive tumors in living subjects and may have clinical application in cancer diagnosis and real-time image-guided surgery.
High‐output‐power AlGaN/GaN ultraviolet‐light‐emitting diodes by activation of Mg‐doped p‐type AlGaN in oxygen ambient (2010)

Abstract We demonstrated activation annealing of Mg‐doped p‐type Al 0.17 Ga 0.83 N in different gases. The hole concentration of Al 0.17 Ga 0.83 N annealed in oxygen is higher than that annealed in nitrogen or air. A hole concentration of 1.3 × 10 16 cm −3 at room temperature was achieved by annealing in oxygen flow at 900 °C. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy shows that hydrogen dissociation from Mg‐doped Al 0.17 Ga 0.83 N is found to be enhanced by annealing in a flow of oxygen, compared with annealing in a flow of nitrogen. We confirmed the effect of activation annealing in oxygen flow on the performance of UV light‐emitting diode (LED). At a DC current of 100 mA, the output power of the LED annealed in oxygen flow at 900 °C is four times higher than that of the LED annealed in nitrogen flow at 800 °C.
Taking Compressive Sensing to the Hardware Level: Breaking Fundamental Radio-Frequency Hardware Performance Tradeoffs (2019)

Compressive sensing (CS) theory opens promising avenues toward building rapid and energy-efficient sensing systems in a wide range of applications that require inherently high temporal and/or spatial resolution while exhibiting a sparse signal structure [1]-[5]. The goal of this article is to review recent efforts to realize the benefits of CS in custom sensing hardware and the broad challenges that arise by investigating an example application in radio-frequency (RF) communications. We discuss in detail how using CS for the design of RF spectrum scanners can break through the fixed tradeoffs among scan time, hardware complexity, and energy consumption of traditional scanner architectures. Using the specific example of RF spectrum sensing [4], [6]-[11] we demonstrate how close collaborations between hardware and signal processing experts can yield new solutions that advance the state of the art in an important application domain. We stress the problems that arise when designing a custom hardware for CS [12]-[15] and address questions that often go beyond the currently available literature in CS, e.g., coping with the impairments of real hardware and avoiding catastrophic breakdown when the spectrum becomes nonsparse.
Binder extraction from green multilayer ceramics using a weight loss rate-controlled thermogravimetric analyzer (1997)

A weight loss rate-controlled organic extraction furnace was built and demonstrated using a multilayer green ceramic. Multirate weight loss schedules as well as automated atmosphere control and detection were demonstrated. The low thermal mass furnace showed good tracking with 300 °C heating and cooling rates. This furnace, coupled with appropriate PID control constants, facilitated feedback control which could extract organics rapidly without self-ignition to uncontrolled combustion. Controlled organic burnout was demonstrated at weight loss rates up to 0.5%/min in air. Damage-free multilayers were observed using a burnout rate requiring 150 min for extraction, rather than the days commonly associated with this task when using conventional furnaces.
Frame Size Optimization Using a Machine Learning Approach in WLAN Downlink MU-MIMO Channel (2022)

The IEEE 802.11ac/n introduced frame aggregation technology to accommodate the growing traffic demand and increase the performance of transmission efficiency and channel utilization. This is achieved by allowing many packets to be aggregated per transmission which realized a significant enhancement in the throughput performance of WLAN. However, it is difficult to efficiently utilize the benefits of frame aggregation in the downlink MU-MIMO channels as stations have heterogeneous transmission demands and data transmission rates. As a result of this, wasted space channel time will occur which degrades transmission efficiency. In addressing these challenges, the existing studies have proposed different approaches. However, most of these approaches did not consider a machine-Learning based optimization solution. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a machine-learning-based frame size optimization solution to maximize the system throughput of WLAN in the downlink MU-MIMO channel. In this approach, the Access Point (AP) performs the maximum system throughput measurement and collected frame size-system throughput patterns which contain knowledge about the effects of traffic patterns, channel conditions, and number of stations(STAs). Based on these patterns,our approach uses a neural network to correctly model the system throughput as a function of the system frame size. After training the neural network, we obtain the gradient information to adjust the frame size. the performance of the proposed Machine learning(ML) approach is evaluated over the FIFO aggregation algorithm under the effects of heterogenous traffic patterns for VoIP and video applications, channel conditions, and number of stations.
<title>Quantitation Techniques In Digital Subtraction Videoangiography</title> (1981)

Digital subtraction videoangiography has been proven to be suitable for imaging the left ventricle and other cardiac chambers.l,2 The high contrast sensitivity and good cancellation of structural background enable this imaging technique to be used with intra-venous injections, which result in complete mixing of contrast medium with blood in the left ventricle.3 The digital nature of the image processor used in subtraction video-angiography enables convenient data collection and analysis. For these reasons, digital videoangiography is well suited to videodensitometric calculation of physiological quantities such as left ventricular ejection fraction.
Turbulence and Residual Gas Effects on Mixing, Combustion, and Emissions in Split Injection of Gaseous Fuel (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combustion and pollutant formation in split injection may be influenced by interaction between fuel pulses. Specifically, the interest here is in two aspects of that interaction: turbulence effects and residual gas effects. The objective of this work is to understand these two aspects of the interaction between multiple fuel pulses, in isolation from other effects, while employing widely accepted computational methods. Residual gas effects on combustion in the jets are studied using two combustion models: a characteristic time combustion model within Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations and an interactive flamelet model. Findings indicate that dilution and thermal effects of residual gases are dominant. Regarding the turbulence effects, this work does not predict mixing enhancement due to turbulence from prior injection pulses. Rather, the jet is accelerated by the bulk flow field established by prior injections.&lt;/div&gt;
Integrated MIM Perovskite Capacitors for RF Applications (2004)

We realized in this study RF capacitors of PZT, STO and SiO2 integrated on Si substrate. An RLC series model fits well with the electrical results of the MIM capacitors at RF frequencies. A comparison between RF and LF measurements shows that STO and PZT exhibit a little decrease (10% max) of the dielectric constant at GHz frequencies. One field of application of these capacitors can be decoupling capacitors.
A New Class of Gd-Based DO3A-Ethylamine-Derived Targeted Contrast Agents for MR and Optical Imaging (2006)

Synthetic bifunctional probes based on [4,7-bis-carboxymethyl-10-(2-aminoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraaza-cyclododec-1-yl]-acetic acid (DO3A-ethylamine) preloaded with gadolinium were prepared for applications in targeted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging. A convenient route of synthesis is reported, which allowed conjugation of this probe with biomolecules for the preparation of model MR contrast agents for targeted imaging. The conjugated probes have the following interesting properties: GdDO3A-ethylamido-biotin (Gd-9) can be used for targeted imaging using an avidin-biotin system. The fluorescent probe GdDO3A-ethylthiourea-fluorescein (Gd-12) is a bimodal compound, which can be used for both MR and optical imaging. The precursors, DO3A-ethylamidopropyl-maleimide and DO3A-ethyl-isothiocyanate contain a highly reactive moiety, which can interact with free SH-terminals and N-terminals of biological molecules, respectively. In vitro MR relaxivity studies were performed at 300 MHz using different concentrations and chemical environments. MR relaxivity for ligand Gd-9 at pH 7.4, r1 was (3.32 +/- 0.03) s(-1) mM(-1) and r2 was (5.02 +/- 0.14) s(-1) mM(-1). For the mixture of Gd-9 with avidin, at pH 7.4, relaxivity increased linearly with the avidin concentration. A relaxivity enhancement of 45% for r1 and more than 400% for r2 with respect to the unbound biotinylated Gd3+ complex was found at a ratio of 4:1. MR relaxivity for ligand Gd-12, r1 was (5.36 +/- 0.05) s(-1) mM(-1) at pH 7.4. Fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy of Gd-12-labeled 3T3 mouse fibroblasts showed a concentration-dependent intracellular uptake, accompanied by a slight dose-dependent increase in toxicity up to 150 microM. MR studies on labeled cells indicated a contrast enhancement in both T1- and T2-weighted images by the internalized compound, with the effect being more pronounced in T2-weighted images. Our results indicate that DO3A-ethylamine is a multipurpose precursor, from which various targeted contrast agents can be synthesized after a single-step conjugation with organic/bioorganic molecules.
The effect of resist dissolution process on pattern formation variability: anin situanalysis using high-speed atomic force microscopy (2015)

This work focuses on the application of a high speed atomic force microscope for the in situ visualization / quantification of the pattern formation phenomenon during resist dissolution. Specifically, this paper discusses on the quantification of various factors (e.g. pattern roughness, defects, etc.) that affect pattern quality. Comparing two typical positive-tone, extreme-ultraviolet lithography resists of dissimilar lithographic performance, results show that the differences in LER between such resists already exists even during the resist dissolution. This implies the significance of the dissolution process in further improving the final LER of lines-and-spaces (L/S) patterns. Moreover, results have shown the effectiveness of applying the same analysis technique in understanding pattern defect dynamics during dissolution, not only for L/S but also for contact hole (CH) patterns. Preliminary investigations on CH pattern formation during dissolution showed position-dependent variabilities / randomness in the timing of CH formation. Such variabilities in timing imply possible pointers in defining the origin of missing CH defects, from the resist dissolution point-of-view.
High-Speed InP DQPSK Receiver (2008)

We realized a packaged, monolithic InP DQPSK receiver photonic integrated circuit (PIC) and demonstrated it at speeds up to 107 Gb/s. We demonstrate low polarization dependence at 86 Gb/s and preliminary 80-Gb/s PIC-to-PIC DQPSK transmission.
Estimating the cost of organic battery active materials: a case study on anthraquinone disulfonic acid (2018)

Redox-active organic molecules (ROMs) are an attractive alternative to the inorganic, charge-storing compounds typically used in modern batteries as they exhibit potentially superior electrochemical properties, a wide materials design space, and an abundance of raw constituent materials, which, in turn, may open pathways to inexpensive energy storage. However, as most of these molecules are not produced on a commercial scale, assessing the cost proposition of new ROMs is a challenging but critical task for projecting the economic viability of incipient battery technologies. Here, we evaluate different cost estimation methods, explain their application, and determine their practicality for newly developed materials. For this purpose, we use anthraquinone disulfonic acid as a benchmark material, as this compound has been proposed for redox flow batteries and is already produced on an industrial scale. Our results show that simple cost estimation methods are easy to apply but ultimately fail to provide reliable cost information due to their limited accuracy. In contrast, more advanced methods offer more consistent and precise cost estimates but depend on detailed process knowledge rarely obtainable for new organic molecules. Furthermore, our cost analysis proves the feasibility of ROMs at the costs necessary to enable grid storage technologies that meet established cost targets.
What atomic properties of metal oxide control the reaction threshold of solid elemental fuels? (2018)

The redox reaction between fuel (metal, metalloid, etc.) and metal oxide is ubiquitous. On the other hand simple thermodynamic considerations do not seem to yield much insight into what makes for a vigorous oxidizer. In this study, two different systematically doped metal oxide systems: perovskites (9 compounds) and δ-Bi2O3 (12 compounds) were synthesized in a manner such that for each system the crystal structure and morphology were maintained. Four fuels (Al, B, Ta, C) with different physical properties, covering almost all fuel types, were included in this study. The initiation temperature and oxygen release temperature was measured by fast heating (>105 K s-1) temperature-jump/time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with high-speed imaging. These results were then correlated with the average metal-oxygen bond energy in the oxidizer, and overall metal-oxygen electronegativity. In general, within each systematic metal oxide, we found linear relationships between average bond energy and electronegativity of the metal oxides with initiation temperature for all four fuels, despite their very different physical/chemical properties. These results indicate that intrinsic atomic properties of metal oxide control fuel-metal oxide reaction initiation.
Constrained control of very flexible aircraft using reference and extended command governors (2013)

This paper presents a control scheme composed of a closed loop system consisting of a dynamic inversion inner loop controller and a proportional, integral, derivative outer loop controller augmented with either a reference or an extended command governor that is developed for very flexible aircraft flight trajectory control. The governors enforce curvature limits, which are directly proportional to bending moment, on a very flexible aircraft model following a flight path angle set-point command.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Helically Coiled Rectangular Duct (1986)

The present paper deals with experiments using air in three helically coiled rectangular ducts of mean diameters 12.7 cm, 17.8 cm, and 22.8 cm, respectively, made of rectangular wave-guide tubing of dimensions 1.27 cm × 0.64 cm. Pressure variations observed around the ducts were qualitatively in agreement with the expectations for secondary flow. The friction factors change gradually with increasing Reynolds numbers over the range 1200–10,000 without exhibiting a sudden transition from laminar flow to turbulence. At all Reynolds numbers, these are higher than those for a straight duct by 20–100 percent. The heat transfer coefficient is also higher than that for straight ducts ranging between 20–300 percent, depending on the Reynolds number. The largest increases are seen in the Reynolds number range 1200–2500.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Structure−Activity Relationships for 5-[(E)-2-Arylethenyl]-3-isoxazolecarboxylic Acid Alkyl Ester Derivatives as Valuable Antitubercular Chemotypes (2009)

Tuberculosis (TB), mostly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the leading causes of death from infectious disease worldwide. Its coinfection with HIV and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) strains have further worsened the TB pandemic. Despite its global impact, TB is considered a neglected disease and no new anti-TB therapeutics have been introduced over the last four decades. The nonreplicating persistent form of TB (NRP-TB) is responsible for the length of the treatment and is the putative cause of treatment failure. Therefore, new anti-TB agents, which are active against both the replicating form of Mtb (R-TB) and NRP-TB, are urgently needed. Herein, we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a series of 5-[(E)-2-arylethenyl]-3-isoxazolecarboxylic acid alkyl esters as potent anti-TB agents. Several compounds had submicromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against R-TB and were active against NRP-TB in the low micromolar range, thus representing attractive lead compounds for the possible development of new anti-TB agents.
Generating Blue and Red Luminescence from ZnO/Poly(ethylene glycol) Nanocomposites Prepared Using an In‐Situ Method (2003)

Abstract The peak of the luminescence spectrum of zinc oxide (ZnO) is usually observed above 500 nm (yellow region). By in‐situ growth of ZnO nanoparticles in a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) matrix, we have succeeded in producing ZnO/polymer composites with stable luminescence peaks down to 465 nm (blue region). The unbalanced precursor molarity approach , where the molarity of one precursor (LiOH) is several times larger than the molarity represented by a chemical reaction balance, was used. The blue luminescence, which was accompanied by an enhancement of luminescence intensity, was observed at very high LiOH concentrations. This was probably due to the simultaneous reduction in the crystalline size and improvement in the crystallinity. Doping ZnO nanoparticles with europium also generated a red luminescence at 616 nm, due to the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transition of Eu ions.
Decentralized Computing Technology for Fault-Tolerant, Survivable C3I systems. Volume 1 (1990)

Abstract : Alpha is an operating system for the mission-critical integration and operation of large, complex, distribution, real time systems. Such systems are becoming increasingly common in both military (e.g., BM/C3, combat platform management) and industrial factory and plant automation (e.g., automobile manufacturing) contexts. They differ substantially from the better-known timesharing systems, numerically-oriented supercomputers, and networks of personal workstations. More surprisingly, they also depart significantly from traditional real-time systems, which are predominantely for low level periodic sampled data monitoring and control.
Enhancement of 67Ga Tumor-to-Blood Ratios by Chelating Agent (1980)

Chelating agent, such as CaEDTA, CaDTPA, D-penicillamine, DMSA, desferoxamine, NTA, cysteine ethyl ester, BAL, alpha-MPG, phthalein complexone, were tested as a possible contrast enhancing agent for tumor imaging with 67Ga-citrate. The intravenous administration of a chelating agent to Ehrlich's tumor bearing mice, one hour after the injection of 67Ga-citrate, accelerated the blood clearance with only a very slight change of activity in the target, increasing the tumor-to-blood ratio, and consequently achieving a better visualization. Among the tested chelating agents, D-penicillamine showed the highest target-to-nontarget ratio at a shorter time: a good tumor-to-blood ratio, performed after 24 hr with non-treated animals, was achieved in only 1-3 hr with post-treated animals. Thus, D-penicillamine hold a considerable promise as a contrast enhancing agent for future clinical use.
Combined isosorbide dinitrate and ibuprofen as a novel therapy for muscular dystrophies: evidence from Phase I studies in healthy volunteers (2014)

We designed two Phase I studies that assessed healthy volunteers in order to evaluate the safety and to optimize the dosing of the combination of the drugs isosorbide dinitrate, a nitric oxide donor, and ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. We designed these studies with the aim of designing a Phase II trial to evaluate the drugs' efficacy in patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy. For the first trial, ISOFEN1, a single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, active control, three-treatment cross-over study, was aimed at comparing the pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen 200 mg and isosorbide dinitrate 20 mg when given alone and concomitantly. The pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen given alone versus ibuprofen given concomitantly with isosorbide dinitrate were similar, as documented by the lack of statistically significant differences in the main drug's pharmacokinetic parameters (time to maximal concentration [Tmax], maximal concentration [Cmax], area under the curve [AUC]0-t, and AUC0-∞). Similarly, we found that the coadministration of ibuprofen did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate. No issues of safety were detected. The second trial, ISOFEN2, was a single-site, dose titration study that was designed to select the maximum tolerated dose for isosorbide dinitrate when coadministered with ibuprofen. Eighteen out of the 19 enrolled subjects tolerated the treatment well, and they completed the study at the highest dose of isosorbide dinitrate applied (80 mg/day). One subject voluntarily decided to reduce the dose of isosorbide dinitrate from 80 mg to 60 mg. The treatment-related adverse events recorded during the study were, for the large majority, episodes of headache that remitted spontaneously in 0.5-1 hour - a known side effect of isosorbide dinitrate. These studies demonstrate that the combination of isosorbide dinitrate and ibuprofen does not lead to pharmacokinetic interactions between the two drugs; they also demonstrate that the combination of isosorbide dinitrate and ibuprofen has optimal tolerability and safety profiles that are similar to those previously reported for isosorbide dinitrate and ibuprofen given alone.