gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computing gene expression data with a knowledge-based gene clustering approach. (2010)

Computational analysis methods for gene expression data gathered in microarray experiments can be used to identify the functions of previously unstudied genes. While obtaining the expression data is not a difficult task, interpreting and extracting the information from the datasets is challenging. In this study, a knowledge-based approach which identifies and saves important functional genes before filtering based on variability and fold change differences was utilized to study light regulation. Two clustering methods were used to cluster the filtered datasets, and clusters containing a key light regulatory gene were located. The common genes to both of these clusters were identified, and the genes in the common cluster were ranked based on their coexpression to the key gene. This process was repeated for 11 key genes in 3 treatment combinations. The initial filtering method reduced the dataset size from 22,814 probes to an average of 1134 genes, and the resulting common cluster lists contained an average of only 14 genes. These common cluster lists scored higher gene enrichment scores than two individual clustering methods. In addition, the filtering method increased the proportion of light responsive genes in the dataset from 1.8% to 15.2%, and the cluster lists increased this proportion to 18.4%. The relatively short length of these common cluster lists compared to gene groups generated through typical clustering methods or coexpression networks narrows the search for novel functional genes while increasing the likelihood that they are biologically relevant.
Expected RIP: Conditioning of The Modulated Wideband Converter (2009)

The sensing matrix of a compressive system impacts the stability of the associated sparse recovery problem. In this paper, we study the sensing matrix of the modulated wideband converter, a recently proposed system for sub-Nyquist sampling of analog sparse signals. Attempting to quantify the conditioning of the converter sensing matrix with existing approaches leads to unreasonable rate requirements, due to the relatively small size of this matrix. We propose a new conditioning criterion, named the expected restricted isometry property, and derive theoretical guarantees for the converter to satisfy this property. We then show that applying these conditions to popular binary sequences, such as maximal codes or Gold codes, leads to practical rate requirements.
Novel insights into the polycythemia–paraganglioma–somatostatinoma syndrome (2016)

Worldwide, the syndromes of paraganglioma (PGL), somatostatinoma (SOM) and early childhood polycythemia are described in only a few patients with somatic mutations in the hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2A). This study provides detailed information about the clinical aspects and course of 7 patients with this syndrome and brings into perspective these experiences with the pertinent literature. Six females and one male presented at a median age of 28 years (range 11-46). Two were found to have HIF2A somatic mosaicism. No relatives were affected. All patients were diagnosed with polycythemia before age 8 and before PGL/SOM developed. PGLs were found at a median age of 17 years (range 8-38) and SOMs at 29 years (range 22-38). PGLs were multiple, recurrent and metastatic in 100, 100 and 29% of all cases, and SOMs in 40, 40 and 60%, respectively. All PGLs were primarily norepinephrine-producing. All patients had abnormal ophthalmologic findings and those with SOMs had gallbladder disease. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed cystic lesions at multiple sites and hemangiomas in 4 patients (57%), previously thought to be pathognomonic for von Hippel-Lindau disease. The most accurate radiopharmaceutical to detect PGL appeared to be [<sup>18</sup>F]-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine ([<sup>18</sup>F]-FDOPA). Therefore, [<sup>18</sup>F]-FDOPA PET/CT, not [<sup>68</sup>Ga]-(DOTA)-[Tyr3]-octreotate ([<sup>68</sup>Ga]-DOTATATE) PET/CT is recommended for tumor localization and aftercare in this syndrome. The long-term prognosis of the syndrome is unknown. However, to date no deaths occurred after 6 years follow-up. Physicians should be aware of this unique syndrome and its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Time Lapse to Colorectal Cancer: Telomere Dynamics Define the Malignant Potential of Polyps (2016)

Adenomas that progress to cancer exhibit distinct telomere length and TMM profiles. We report for the first time that PBL telomeres differ in patients with polyps that become malignant, and therefore may have clinical value in adenoma risk assessment and management.
Heterogenous Integration Enables FPGA Based Hardware Acceleration for RF Applications (2022)

5G Use Cases and Massive MIMO Typical Base Station
A Role for CAP, a Novel, Multifunctional Src Homology 3 Domain-containing Protein in Formation of Actin Stress Fibers and Focal Adhesions (1998)

c-Cbl-associated protein, CAP, was originally cloned from a 3T3-L1 adipocyte cDNA expression library using full-length c-Cbl as a bait. CAP contains a unique structure, with three adjacent Src homology-3 (SH3) domains in the COOH terminus and a region sharing significant sequence similarity with the peptide hormone sorbin. Expression of CAP in NIH-3T3 cells overexpressing the insulin receptor induced the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions. This effect of CAP expression on the organization of the actin-based cytoskeleton was independent of the type of integrin receptors engaged with extracellular matrix, whereas membrane ruffling and decreased actin stress fibers induced by insulin were not affected by expression of CAP. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that CAP colocalized with actin stress fibers. Moreover, CAP interacted with the focal adhesion kinase, p125FAK, both in vitro and in vivo through one of the SH3 domains of CAP. The increased formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions in CAP-expressing cells was correlated with decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK in growing cells or upon integrin-mediated cell adhesion. These results suggest that CAP may mediate signals for the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions.
The role of ceramic and glass science research in meeting societal challenges: Report from an NSF ‐sponsored workshop (2017)

Abstract Under the sponsorship of the U.S. National Science Foundation, a workshop on emerging research opportunities in ceramic and glass science was held in September 2016. Reported here are proceedings of the workshop. The report details eight challenges identified through workshop discussions: Ceramic processing: Programmable design and assembly; The defect genome: Understanding, characterizing, and predicting defects across time and length scales; Functionalizing defects for unprecedented properties; Ceramic flatlands: Defining structure‐property relations in free‐standing, supported, and confined two‐dimensional ceramics; Ceramics in the extreme: Discovery and design strategies; Ceramics in the extreme: Behavior of multimaterial systems; Understanding and exploiting glasses and melts under extreme conditions; and Rational design of functional glasses guided by predictive modeling. It is anticipated that these challenges, once met, will promote basic understanding and ultimately enable advancements within multiple sectors, including energy, environment, manufacturing, security, and health care.
U.S. Broadband Coverage Data Set: A Differentially Private Data Release (2021)

Broadband connectivity is a key metric in today's economy. In an era of rapid expansion of the digital economy, it directly impacts GDP. Furthermore, with the COVID-19 guidelines of social distancing, internet connectivity became necessary to everyday activities such as work, learning, and staying in touch with family and friends. This paper introduces a publicly available U.S. Broadband Coverage data set that reports broadband coverage percentages at a zip code-level. We also explain how we used differential privacy to guarantee that the privacy of individual households is preserved. Our data set also contains error ranges estimates, providing information on the expected error introduced by differential privacy per zip code. We describe our error range calculation method and show that this additional data metric does not induce any privacy losses.
Experimental Analysis of Harvested Energy and Throughput Trade-off in a Realistic SWIPT System (2019)

We build a realistic Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) prototype and experimentally analyse the harvested energy and throughput trade-off. Both time-switching and power splitting receiver architectures are implemented, and the performance comparison is carried out. Systematic SWIPT transmission signal design methods are also considered and implemented on the prototype. The harvested energy-throughput (E-T) performance with different transmission signal designs, modulation schemes, and receiver architectures are evaluated and compared. The combination of the power splitting receiver architecture and the superposition transmission signal design technique shows significant expansion of the E-T region. The experimental results fully validate the observations predicted from the theoretical signal designs and confirm the benefits of systematic signal designs on the system performance. The observations give important insights on how to design a practical SWIPT system.
Polymer nanocomposites as electrostrictive materials (2009)

Electronic electroactive polymers (EAPs) are an attractive class of smart materials with many advantages such as lightweight, shape conformability, relatively high strain rates and good energy densities. However, there are major obstacles to their transition to applications. Notably they require high actuation voltages, have low blocked stresses and low operating temperatures. These current limitations are linked to inherent polymer properties such as low dielectric constant and low modulus. Our recent efforts in polymer-based nanocomposites provide new avenues to significantly improve their electromechanical response. In this study, we present experimental evidence of the creation of an electrostrictive response in a PVDF nanocomposite system by addition of small quantities of carbon nanotubes. amorphous polymer nanocomposites Further, we have also demonstrated that the piezoelectric response of nanocomposites can be dramatically enhanced through addition of conductive nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes without additional weight penalties. Most importantly, these improvements were achieved at much lower actuation voltages, and were accompanied by an increase in both mechanical and dielectric properties. The effective dielectric properties of the nanocomposites indicate an increased polarization as the driving force for this enhancement. Possible causes for the enhanced polarization include contributions from SWNTs, polymer dipoles and SWNTpolymer interaction.
Effect of experimentally induced calcium deficiency on development, metabolism and liver morphogenesis of the chick embryo (1986)

To study the effects of systemic calcium deficiency on embryonic development, chick embryos maintained in long-term shell-less cultures were compared to control embryos incubated in ovo with respect to various parameters of metabolism and growth. After incubation day 14, retarded growth and development were apparent in shell-less embryos which exhibited severe hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. A development-specific necrosis of the liver tissues was observed in both shell-less and control embryos, but the frequency and extent of tissue abnormality were significantly greater in the former. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were considerably elevated in shell-less embryos. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that the relative levels of two major serum proteins were also altered in shell-less embryos.
CONTROL OF HUMAN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (2000)

Chaos control has been applied to control atrial fibrillation in humans. Results are presented on the application and evaluation of chaos control for slowing and regularizing local electrical activation of the right atrium of humans during induced atrial fibrillation.
Secukinumab in Erythrodermic Psoriasis: Real World Experience of 6 Patients Successfully Treated by Injecting at Unconventional Sites (2021)

Biologics which are given subcutaneously are usually injected at certain prementioned sites such as the upper arms, thighs, or any quadrant of the abdomen. In erythrodermic patients, these conventional sites are usually affected. In our series of six patients of psoriatic erythroderma, we selected unconventional apparently spared sites to inject secukinumab subcutaneously which returned similar results as compared to injecting at conventional sites as reported by other studies.
Large Scale Integrated Circuit System for Digital Audio Disc Player (1982)

The Compact Digital Audio Disc player system is integrated by high speed CMOS and Bipolar technology.1)
Pyrimidine Nucleotides with 4-Alkyloxyimino and Terminal Tetraphosphate δ-Ester Modifications as Selective Agonists of the P2Y 4 Receptor (2020)

P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, activated by UTP and dinucleoside tetraphosphates, which are difficult to distinguish pharmacologically for lack of potent and selective ligands. We varied structurally phosphate and uracil moieties in analogues of pyrimidine nucleoside 5′-triphosphates and 5′-tetraphosphate esters. P2Y4 receptor potency in phospholipase C stimulation in transfected 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells was enhanced in N4-alkyloxycytidine derivatives. OH groups on a terminal δ-glucose phosphoester of uridine 5′-tetraphosphate were inverted or substituted with H or F to probe H-bonding effects. N4-(Phenylpropoxy)-CTP 16 (MRS4062), Up4-[1]3′-deoxy-3′-fluoroglucose 34 (MRS2927) and N4-(phenylethoxy)-CTP 15 exhibit ≥10-fold selectivity for human P2Y4 over P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors (EC50 values 23, 62 and 73 nM, respectively). δ-3-Chlorophenyl phosphoester 21 of Up4 activated P2Y2 but not P2Y4 receptor. Selected nucleotides tested for chemical and enzymatic stability were much more stable than UTP. Agonist docking at CXCR4-based P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptor models indicated greater steric tolerance of N4-phenylpropoxy group at P2Y4. Thus, distal structural changes modulate potency, selectivity, and stability of extended uridine tetraphosphate derivatives, and we report the first P2Y4 receptor-selective agonists.
Abstract 20182: Lymphatic System Mediated With Astrocytic Aquaporin 4 is Associated With Sympathoexcitation in Hypertension (2017)

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is transported within a dedicated peri-vascular network facilitating metabolic waste clearance from the central nervous system. A peri-arterial CSF influx pa...
Identifying Novel Drug Targets for the Treatment of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Using High Throughput Technologies. Addendum (2007)

Abstract : In a patient with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), the problematic cells that initiate and constitute tumors have lost TSC1 or TSC2 function. A promising approach for treatment would be to target members of the pathway with which TSC1/2 proteins interact. In cultured drosophila cells, we proposed to rapidly identify genes whose RNAa-mediated reduction in expression (1) Prevents growth proliferation of TSC1 or TSC2 deficient cells without affecting normal cells. (2) induces apoptosis/cell death in TSC1 or TSC2-deficient cells without killing normal cells. (3) Reverts TSC1 or TSC2-deficient cells to a normal phenotype, as determine by measuring a reporters of cell growth pathway activation and cell morphology. We have (1) advanced genome-wide RNA interference living cell microarrays from proof-of-principle to a robust technology. (2) developed software to analyse these screens, a previously formidable challenge, and (3) completer genome-wide experiments to identify genes involved in the TSC pathway.
Modelling for the lifetime prediction of power semiconductor modules (2015)

Reliability engineering has emerged as a relatively new branch of power electronics (PE) supporting the fast progress towards advanced power electronic converter systems (PECS) with significantly improved reliability ratings. PECS operate under increasingly severe temperature profiles, i.e., fast temperature cycling (TC) between extreme temperature levels. Accordingly, the reliability requirements for power semiconductor modules as fundamental components of PECS are significantly increased. Power module manufacturers have been working on new power module designs and packaging technologies in order to increase endurance and prolong the lifetime of power modules in the future, and subsequently enable high performance of the PECS also concerning reliability [1]. In the future, the reliability aspects have to be included into novel multi-domain optimization tools that will further improve the design of PECS. The first step towards this goal is to allow the integration of lifetime models of the system components into the design process.
ChemInform Abstract: The Di‐tert‐butylphosphinyl Directed ortho Metalation Group. Synthesis of Hindered Dialkylarylphosphines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Glucocorticoid modulation of agonist induced microvascular endothelial permeability (2013)

Abstract Purpose Conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and neural inflammation involve microvascular barrier breakdown leading to leakage, tissue oedema and immune cell influx. Glucocorticoids(GCs) have been shown to improve the barrier function of the vasculature in retina and brain. It has been proposed that GCs function through tightening of specialized junctions between endothelial cells (ECs) and reduce paracellular permeability. We investigated the effects of hydrocortisone(HC),dexamethasone(DEX),triamcinolone(TA) and a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist(SEGRA) on microvascular endothelial permeability induced by vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),lysophosphatidic acid(LPA) and histamine(Hist), all of which are proposed to be involved in diabetic and inflammatory neurovascular pathologies. Methods In vitro studies were undertaken in cultures of primary rat brain and retinal microvascular ECs, as well as a novel immortalised rat retinal EC line, PT2. Junctional protein characterisation was performed by indirect immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Permeability was measured by macromolecular flux assays. Results Primary retinal and cerebral EC cultures exhibited an exquisite apico‐basal polarity in their response to vasoactive compounds, maintained high barrier properties and sophisticated junctional protein complement. Passaged or immortalised EC had lost most of these features. HC and DEX were effective in suppressing VEGF‐, LPA‐ and Hist‐induced permeability. TA results were similar, except Hist‐induced permeability was insensitive to TA. SEGRA was ineffective in preserving microvascular barrier function. Conclusion The effectiveness of GCs depends on the pathology involved in particular the vasoactive substance in play.
Hydrogen Evolution at a Single Supported Nanoparticle: A Kinetic Model (2003)

Abstract A kinetic model of the processes during hydrogen evolution at a single Pd nanoparticle supported on an Au substrate is studied. It builds the theoretical framework for results of currently performed STM measurements on this system. The objective of the theory is to establish relations between measured transients and underlying processes. It, thereby, helps to implement the routines for the determination of kinetic parameters from transient currents and supplements the characterization of the Pd/Au system. The balance of hydrogen involves interfacial processes on the Pd/Au substrate surface, hydrogen diffusion in the bulk electrolyte and hydrogen oxidation at the tip. The key parameter of the model is the rate of hydrogen desorption from the Pd surface. If this rate is small hydrogen will spillover from the Pd particle and diffuse on the Au surface from where it will be subsequently released. Thereby, large amounts of hydrogen can be stored on the surface. It is demonstrated, that this mechanism complies with the high turnover rates at the smallest catalyst particles and characteristic time scales observed in experiment.
Exploring Electrochemical C(sp3)–H Oxidation for the Late-Stage Methylation of Complex Molecules (2021)

The “magic methyl” effect – a dramatic boost in the potency of biologically active compounds from the incorporation of a single methyl group – provides a simple yet powerful strategy employed by medicinal chemists in the drug discovery process. Despite significant advances, methodologies that enable the selective C(sp3)–H methylation of structurally complex medicinal agents remain very limited. In this work, we disclose a modular, efficient, and selective strategy for the α-methylation of protected amines (i.e., amides, carbamates, and sulfonamides) by means of electrochemical oxidation. Mechanistic analysis guided our development of an improved electrochemical protocol on the basis of the classic Shono oxidation reaction, which features broad reaction scope, high functional group compatibility, and operational simplicity. Importantly, this reaction system is amenable to the late-stage functionalization of complex targets containing basic nitrogen groups that are prevalent in medicinally active agents. When combined with organozinc-mediated C–C bond formation, our protocol enabled the direct methylation of a myriad of amine derivatives including those that have previously been explored for the “magic methyl” effect. This synthetic strategy thus circumvents multistep de novo synthesis that is currently necessary to access such compounds and has the potential to accelerate drug discovery efforts.
MPI-F: An Efficient Implementation of MPI on IBM-SP1 (1994)

This article introduces MPI-F an efficient implementation of MPI on the IBM-SP1 distributed memory cluster. After discussing the novel and key concepts of MPI and how they relate to an implementation, the MPI-F system architecture is outlined in detail. Although many incorrectly assume that MPI will not be efficient due to its increased functionality, MPI-F performance demonstrates efficiency as good as the best message passing library currently available on the SP1.
Exploiting Lipid and Polymer Nanocarriers to Improve the Anticancer Sonodynamic Activity of Chlorophyll (2020)

Sonodynamic therapy is an emerging approach that uses low-intensity ultrasound to activate a sonosensitizer agent triggering its cytotoxicity for selective cancer cell killing. Several molecules have been proposed as sonosensitizer agents, but most of these, as chlorophyll, are strongly hydrophobic with a low selectivity towards cancer tissues. Nanocarriers can help to deliver more efficiently the sonosensitizer agents in the target tumor site, increasing at the same time their sonodynamic effect, since nanosystems act as cavitation nuclei. Herein, we propose the incorporation of unmodified plant-extracted chlorophyll into nanocarriers with different composition and structure (i.e., liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) nanoparticles) to obtain aqueous formulations of this natural pigment. The nanocarriers have been deeply characterized and then incubated with human prostatic cancer cells (PC-3) and spheroids (DU-145) to assess the influence of the different formulations on the chlorophyll sonodynamic effect. The highest sonodynamic cytotoxicity was obtained with chlorophyll loaded into poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, showing promising results for future clinical investigations on sonodynamic therapy.