gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of tissue harmonics for pulse-inversion contrast imaging using time reversal (2008)

Pulse-inversion (PI) sequences are sensitive to the nonlinear echoes from microbubbles allowing an improvement in the blood-to-tissue contrast. However, at larger mechanical indices, this contrast is reduced by harmonics produced during nonlinear propagation. A method for tissue harmonics cancellation exploiting time reversal is experimentally implemented using a 128-channel 12-bit emitter receiver. The probe calibration is performed by acquiring the nonlinear echo of a wire in water. These distorted pulses are time-reversed, optimized and used for the PI imaging of a tissue phantom. Compared to normal (straight) pulses, the time-reversed distorted pulses reduced the tissue signal in PI by 11 dB. The second harmonic signals from microbubbles flowing in a wall-less vessel were unaffected by the correction. This technique can thus increase the blood-to-tissue contrast ratio while keeping the pressure and the number of pulses constant.
LP formulations for secrecy over erasure networks with feedback (2015)

We design polynomial time schemes for secure message transmission over arbitrary networks, in the presence of an eavesdropper, and where each edge corresponds to an erasure channel with public feedback. Our schemes are described through linear programming (LP) formulations, that explicitly select (possibly different) sets of paths for key-generation and message sending. Although our LPs are not always capacity-achieving, they outperform the best known alternatives in the literature, and extend to incorporate several interesting scenaria.
Activation of estrogen receptor transfected into a receptor-negative breast cancer cell line decreases the metastatic and invasive potential of the cells. (1992)

Breast cancers containing estrogen receptors are responsive to antiestrogen treatment and have a better prognosis than estrogen receptor-negative tumors. The loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors appears to be associated with a progression to less-differentiated tumors. We transfected the human estrogen receptor into the estrogen receptor-negative metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in an attempt to restore their sensitivity to antiestrogens. Two stable sublines of MDA-MB-231 cells (HC1 and HE5) expressing functional estrogen receptors were studied for their ability to grow and invade in vitro and to metastasize in athymic nude mice. The number and size of lung metastases developed by these two sublines in ovariectomized nude mice was not markedly altered by tamoxifen but was inhibited 3-fold by estradiol. Estradiol also significantly inhibited in vitro cell proliferation of these sublines and their invasiveness in Matrigel, a reconstituted basement membrane, whereas the antiestrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 164,384 reversed these effects. These results show that estradiol inhibits the metastatic ability of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells following transfection with the estrogen receptor, whereas estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers are stimulated by estrogen, indicating that factors other than the estrogen receptor are involved in progression toward hormone independence. Reactivation or transfer of the estrogen receptor gene can therefore be considered as therapeutic approaches to hormone-independent cancers.
Efficacia clinica di un preparato orale quando associato ad una terapia locale con metronidazolo (1%) nel trattamento dell’acne rosacea (2011)

Aim of the study was the clinical evaluation of an oral multi-ingredient formula characterized by the presence of anthocyanosides, procyanidolic oligomers, triterpenes, along with a local therapy with metronidazole (gel1 %) in the treatment of acne rosacea. Results got in 35 subjects show how such a formu/4 is endowed with a clear antinflammatory action and&#13;\nhow its use reduces, in some cases halting it, papules and pimples. Its association with metronidazole allows appreciable results already after 1 month of treatment and the disappearance of symptoms, in 50% of cases, after 2 months and, in almost all patients, after 4 months. Its efficacy is likely due to the synergistic pharmacological role played by each actives of the formula.
Amino acid metabolism of bovine blastocysts: a biomarker of sex and viability (2010)

The ratio of male/female embryos may be modified by environmental factors such as maternal diet in vivo and the composition of embryo culture media in vitro. We have used amino acid profiling, a noninvasive marker of developmental potential to compare the effect of sex on the metabolism of bovine blastocysts conceived in vivo and in vitro. Blastocysts were incubated individually for 24 hr in a close-to-physiological mixture of amino acids and the depletion or appearance of 18 amino acids measured using HPLC. Blastocysts were then sexed by PCR. Amino acid depletion by in vitro-produced blastocysts and expanded blastocysts was higher than in embryos conceived in vivo (P = 0.02). When cultured in vitro, female embryos exhibited increased depletion of arginine, glutamate, and methionine and appearance of glycine, while male embryos displayed increased depletion of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine. Overall, in vitro-produced blastocysts exhibited sex-specific differences in metabolic profiles of 7 out of 18 amino acids; in vivo-produced, in 2 out of 18. These differences had disappeared by the expanded blastocyst stages. We have also shown that amino acid metabolism can predict the ability of bovine zygotes to develop to the blastocyst stage, providing "proof of principle" for the use of this technology in clinical IVF to select single embryos for transfer and thereby avoid the problem of multiple births.
Supplementary Information file from <i>ETV6</i> Deficiency Unlocks ERG-Dependent Microsatellite Enhancers to Drive Aberrant Gene Activation in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Contains Supplementary Figures 1-12 and additional information about Supplementary tables&lt;/p&gt;
Solar Cells Based on Composites of Donor Conjugated Polymers and Carbon Nanotubes (2017)

In this chapter, the photovoltaic properties occurring in single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)–donor conjugated polymer composites are reported. Photovoltaic devices based on the dispersed heterojunction concept, containing a blend of SWNTs and soluble poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) were studied. The nanotubes not only act as electron acceptors, but also allow the electrons to transport efficiently along their length. The diodes (Al/polymer–nanotube com-posite/ITO) with low nanotube concentration (1%) show photovoltaic behavior, with an open circuit voltage of 0.75 V. The short circuit current is increased by two orders of magnitude compared with the pristine polymer diodes and the fill factor (ff) also increases from 0.3 to 0.4 for the nanotube–polymer cells. It is proposed that the photovoltaic response of these devices is based on the introduction of internal polymer–nanotube junctions within the polymer matrix, which due to a photoinduced electron transfer from the polymer to the nanotube contribute to enhanced charge separation and collection.
Factors Controlling the Drop Evaporation Constant (2005)

In this paper, we discuss the factors affecting drop evaporation. We found that the droplet morphology at a specific temperature was controlled by the physical properties of the liquid itself, such as the molecular weight, density, diffusion coefficient in air, and heat of vaporization. Two processes are included in drop evaporation: diffusion of liquid molecules into the air (diffusion part) and flow of the liquid molecules from inside the drop to the free outer shell liquid layer within the liquid-vapor interface (evaporation part). The diffusion part remained steady during drying and was not sensitive to the variation of temperature. The evaporation part, however, was an active factor and determined the differences in drop evaporation behaviors.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Small-Molecule Polθ Inhibitors Provide Safe and Effective Tumor Radiosensitization in Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Distribution of POLQ mRNA levels across cell lines from CCLE&lt;/p&gt;
Near-band-edge photoluminescence of wurtzite-type AlN (2002)

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed for A-plane and C-plane bulk AlN single crystals and epitaxial layers on sapphire. A strong near-band-edge (NBE) emission and deep-level luminescence were observed. At low excitations, the emission spectra are dominated by free and bound excitonic transitions and their LO-phonon replicas. At high excitations, the broadening and redshift of the NBE band is attributed to dense electron–hole plasma formation. The PL spectra differences of bulk single crystals and epilayers is explained by the electron–hole plasma expansion peculiarities.
Gait generation for powered Hip-Ankle-Linkage-Orthosis (2015)

A hip-knee-ankle-foot orthotic system called `HALO'(Hip and Ankle Linked Orthosis) for paraplegic walking has been developed in our previous study. Each ankle joint of the HALO system is linked with a medial single joint via a wire which allows both feet of the orthosis to stay always parallel to the floor during walking and assists swinging the leg. The tests of the HALO system demonstrated that it allows smoother walking and easy don/doff. In order to improve further the characteristics of the previous design, we started a new project called pHALO aiming at further reducing of the energy expenditure during walking. As a difference from the previous solution where ankle joints were restrained, the new solution will incorporate two actuators to control the ankle joints angles. As an intermediate step from the development of the pHALO system, in this study we added to the existing system a feedback PI controller to control the ankle joint angle of the right foot in the push-off phase and conducted an experiment to evaluate the effect of the new design on the walking patterns and energy efficiency. The results showed longer stride length, faster gait speed, smaller variation of the CoG, and less energy consumption.
Rapid Identification of Allergen-Encoding cDNA Clones by Phage Display and High-Density Arrays (2003)

We describe a high-throughput, quantitative technology for fast identification of all different clones present in selectively enriched phage surface-displayed cDNA libraries. The strategy is based on a combination of phage display and high-density arrays. To demonstrate the utility of the method cDNAs of Aspergillus fumigatus cloned into phagemid pJuFo were expressed on the tip of filamentous M13 phage and affinity-selected on solid phase-immobilized serum IgE from allergic patients. Enriched phagemid libraries were amplified in bacteria, plated and arrayed into 384-well microtitre plates by robotic colony picking. cDNA inserts were amplified by high-throughput PCR and gridded onto high-density filter membranes. Filters were iteratively probed with randomly-sequenced inserts until all clones were identified. Eighty-one different sequences encoding IgE-binding proteins likely to cover a large part of the allergen repertoire of the mould were found. This approach represents a widely applicable method for rapid high-throughput identification of all individual cDNAs present in selectively enriched libraries.
Porous Anatase Nanoparticles with High Specific Surface Area Prepared by Miniemulsion Technique (2008)

A simple template-free approach to generate spherical porous anatase nanoparticles by combining the sol−gel process with the inverse miniemulsion technique is reported. These as-synthesized particles of about 200 nm in diameter consist of aggregated small anatase crystallites of several nanometers, thus leading to a high specific surface area of more than 300 m2·g−1, even after calcination at 400 °C. The only employed surfactant is a block copolymer (P(E/B-b-EO)), which stabilizes the aqueous droplets with the water-soluble precursor bis(2-hydroxyethyl)titanate (EGMT) in the organic phase but also leads to aggregation and pore formation inside the particles. The lower relative rates of hydrolysis and condensation compared to the commonly used titanium alkoxides allow convenient handling in miniemulsion. Here we report the effects of synthesis conditions, such as the amount of surfactant, the composition of the dispersed phase, and the reaction and calcination temperature, on the particle size, porosity, crystallite size, crystallite phase, and specific surface area of the obtained nanoparticulate material. After removing the continuous phase, the obtained powders were characterized before and after calcination by transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen sorption (BET).
Stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-diols by the cycloadditive strategy: total synthesis of (±)-exo-brevicomin and (±)-and (–)-pestalotin (1991)

Highly selective reductions of 5-acyl-2-isoxazolines and conversion of the resulting syn-5-hydroxyalkyl-2-isoxazolines into syn-diols are key steps in concise syntheses of (±)-exo-brevicomin, and (±)-pestalotin. With an asymmetric nitrile oxide as starting material, cycloaddition with the acrylate derivative of Oppolzer's camphor sultam leads to a synthesis of (–)-pestalotin.
On the Benefit of Cooperation in Relay Networks (2022)

This work addresses the cooperation facilitator (CF) model, in which network nodes coordinate through a rate limited communication device. For independent multiple-access channel (MAC) encoders, the CF model is known to show significant rate benefits, even when the rate of cooperation is negligible. Specifically, the benefit in MAC sum-rate, as a function of the cooperation rate $C_{CF}$, sometimes has an infinite slope at $C_{CF}=0$. This work studies the question of whether cooperation through a CF can yield similar infinite-slope benefits when applied to internal network encoders in which dependence among MAC transmitters can be established without the help of the CF. Towards this end, this work studies the CF model when applied to relay nodes of a single-source, single-terminal, diamond network consisting of a broadcast channel followed by a MAC. In the relay channel with orthogonal receiver components, careful generalization of the partial-decode-forward/compress-forward lower bound to the CF model yields sufficient conditions for an infinite-slope benefit. Additional results include derivation of a family of diamond networks for which the infinite-slope rate-benefit derives directly from the properties of the corresponding MAC component when studied in isolation.
Gene Expression Profiles from Disease Discordant Twins Suggest Shared Antiviral Pathways and Viral Exposures among Multiple Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (2015)

Viral agents are of interest as possible autoimmune triggers due to prior reported associations and widely studied molecular mechanisms of antiviral immune responses in autoimmunity. Here we examined new viral candidates for the initiation and/or promotion of systemic autoimmune diseases (SAID), as well as possible related signaling pathways shared in the pathogenesis of those disorders. RNA isolated from peripheral blood samples from 33 twins discordant for SAID and 33 matched, unrelated healthy controls was analyzed using a custom viral-human gene microarray. Paired comparisons were made among three study groups-probands with SAID, their unaffected twins, and matched, unrelated healthy controls-using statistical and molecular pathway analyses. Probands and unaffected twins differed significantly in the expression of 537 human genes, and 107 of those were associated with viral infections. These 537 differentially expressed human genes participate in overlapping networks of several canonical, biologic pathways relating to antiviral responses and inflammation. Moreover, certain viral genes were expressed at higher levels in probands compared to either unaffected twins or unrelated, healthy controls. Interestingly, viral gene expression levels in unaffected twins appeared intermediate between those of probands and the matched, unrelated healthy controls. Of the viruses with overexpressed viral genes, herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) was the only human viral pathogen identified using four distinct oligonucleotide probes corresponding to three HSV-2 genes associated with different stages of viral infection. Although the effects from immunosuppressive therapy on viral gene expression remain unclear, this exploratory study suggests a new approach to evaluate shared viral agents and antiviral immune responses that may be involved in the development of SAID.
Influence of the distribution of the inherent ordering temperature on the ordering in layered magnets (2009)

We study the influence of gradients in the inherent ordering temperature of coupled layered magnets on the overall magnetic ordering. The gradients were accomplished by growing Fe(001) layers with thicknesses ranging from two to three monolayers, all separated by seven monolayers of V(001). Two types of gradient superstructures were grown: one with the highest and one with the lowest inherent ordering temperature in the center of the samples. The superstructure with the thinnest outermost Fe layers exhibits lower ordering temperature, demonstrating the importance of the sequence of the layers. Both these structures order at temperatures significantly lower than a superlattice with a constant thickness of the Fe layers (three monolayers). The results highlight the intricate collective aspects of the magnetic ordering in layered magnets, which are not captured by current models in magnetism research.
Visual Analytics on Large Displays: Exploring User Spatialization and How Size and Resolution Affect Task Performance (2018)

Large, high-resolution displays (LHRDs) have been shown to enable increased productivity over conventional monitors. Previous work has identified the benefits of LHRDs for Visual Analytics tasks, where the user is analyzing complex data sets. However, LHRDs are fundamentally different from desktop and mobile computing environments, presenting some unique usability challenges and opportunities, and need to be better understood. There is thus a need for additional studies to analyze the impact of LHRD size and display resolution on content spatialization strategies and Visual Analytics task performance. We present the results of two studies of the effects of physical display size and resolution on analytical task successes and also analyze how participants spatially cluster visual content in different display conditions. Overall, we found that navigation technique preferences differ significantly among users, that the wide range of observed spatialization types suggest several different analysis techniques are adopted, and that display size affects clustering task performance whereas display resolution does not.
Investigation of Small Pilot Combustion in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Factors influencing pilot-injection combustion were investigated using heat release analysis in a heavy-duty diesel engine fuelled with standard diesel fuel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combinations of pilot-injection parameters i.e. pilot start of injection, pilot mass, pilot-main injection separation, and rail pressure were studied for various operating conditions and combustion phases. An experiment was designed to investigate the factors influencing the combustion of the pilot. For improved injected fuel-mass accuracy, reference data for the injectors were measured in a spray rig prior to the engine experiments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results show that cycle-to-cycle variations and cylinder-to-cylinder variations influence pilot autoignition and the amount of heat released. Rail pressure and injected pilot mass affect the obtained variance depending on the chamber conditions. The obtained combustion modes (premixed, diffusive) of pilot combustion were found to be a function of the injected mass and rail pressure.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Eu3+-doped CdS nanocrystals in SiO2matrices: one-pot sol–gel synthesis and optical characterization (2006)

An enhancement of the europium luminescence has been reported in Eu-doped SiO2 materials by interaction with adsorbed CdS nanoparticles. In this paper, the preparation of homogeneous Eu3+-doped CdS nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 sol–gel matrices by a simple “one-pot” method is reported. The synthesis conditions have been varied in order to modify the distribution of the lanthanide ions and the CdS nanoparticles within the nanocomposite. The structural modifications involve different strengths in the Eu3+–CdS interaction. The effect of these interactions on the Eu3+ luminescence is discussed. The absorption, excitation and emission spectra of the Eu3+ species, as well as the time-resolved luminescence, revealed the existence of an efficient CdS → Eu3+ energy transfer, responsible for the increase in the fluorescence intensity. However, when these species are spatially close, a diminution of the total emission and lifetime values is observed as a result of a back transfer from the Eu3+ ions to CdS nanoparticles.
Long Short-Term Indoor Positioning System via Evolving Knowledge Transfer (2022)

Traditional fingerprint-based positioning approaches work well on static data; they cannot handle scenarios where the data distribution, the feature space and even the signal source evolve over time, which are ubiquitous in real-world applications. One straightforward approach for circumventing these difficulties is to repeat labeled data calibration for maintaining an up-to-date fingerprint database, which is usually infeasible or expensive in large-scale indoor environments. In this paper, we propose a Long Short-Term indoor Positioning (LSTP) framework that enables adaptation at different time scales with low human-effort, and thus extends the effectiveness of existing fingerprinting techniques for a more generalized environment. Specifically, LSTP mainly considers the distribution discrepancy caused by continuous environmental dynamics in short-term positioning and the feature space heterogeneity in long-term positioning. To address the first challenge, we design an incremental ensemble localization model which leverages multiple source classifiers to resolve distribution differences in an online manner. To address the second challenge, we seek to borrow knowledge learned from an earlier time period with plenty of labeled samples for the current time period, thus reducing the required number of new calibration samples. By fully capturing the transferable spatial information across different time periods with multi-level constraints (sample, feature, and model levels), we can study a discriminative domain-invariant space from which we can make better predictions. The experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework, which outperforms the state-of-the-art systems by 18% in mean accuracy.