gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimally Invasive pH-Based Microvascular Ischemia Monitoring (2000)

After plastic and reconstructive surgery, postoperative monitoring of transplanted tissue for early signs of is-chemia is imperative. We have developed and evaluated in a clinical environment an operationally simple and accurate pH-based ischemia monitoring system, to be used for postoperative monitoring of transplanted tissue over a four-day period. However, long-term pH monitoring produces signals contaminated with noise and artifacts of various origins, making clinical interpretation of these pH recordings difficult. The objective of this study is to analyze the noise and artifact components present in the signals, as well as to determine the optimal filtering parameters to extract and reject them. The noise components present in long-term pH recordings were identified, extracted, analyzed, and grouped into four categories: motion artifacts, position artifacts, a “24-hour biorhythm component,” and drift. Parameters were defined to characterize effectively each of the components by frequency, amplitude, and peak to peak slope. We concluded that only motion and position artifacts need to be rejected from the signal, for our ischemia monitoring system to be useful in the clinical environment. The “24 hour biorhythm component” and drift do not significantly affect the interpretation of the pH signals.
Zeptometer Metrology Using the Casimir Effect (2022)

Abstract In this paper, we discuss using the Casimir force in conjunction with a MEMS parametric amplifier to construct a quantum displacement amplifier. Such a mechanical amplifier converts DC displacements into much larger AC oscillations via the quantum gain of the system which, in some cases, can be a factor of a million or more. This would allow one to build chip scale metrology systems with zeptometer positional resolution. This approach leverages quantum fluctuations to build a device with a sensitivity that can’t be obtained with classical systems.
Nitric Oxide Delivery System (2000)

To the Editor: I would like to thank Dr. Patrizia Ceccarelli and the co-authors for a most interesting article regarding the use of an anesthesia machine as a nitric oxide delivery device. Their study was most thorough and interesting; however, by their own admission, this was a bench study and they only looked at nitric oxide concentrations. Nitric oxide can break down the presence of oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide. If water is present, nitric dioxide forms nitric acid (1). The complete nitric oxide delivery system includes “A nitric oxide administration apparatus, a nitric oxide gas analyzer, and a nitrogen dioxide gas analyzer” (2). To use an anesthesia machine as a nitric dioxide delivery device in clinical use requires the addition of nitrogen dioxide gas analysis. There is another safety point in that the diameter index safety system (DISS) fittings that prevent cross connects to the compressed gas supplied to the anesthesia machine were circumvented. This is one of the major safety features of anesthesia machines (3). Although the article by Dr. Ceccarelli and co-authors is an excellent and interesting bench experiment, it should not be put into clinical practice without the necessary safety devices. Daniel E. Supkis Jr MD
Chromosomal approaches to oncogenes and oncogenesis 1 (1988)

Cytogenetic studies are providing clues to the growth regulatory genes involved in human carcinogenesis and to mechanisms that alter their function. Investigations of chromosome translocations in B and T cell lymphomas and in chronic myelogenous leukemia have demonstrated the effects on protooncogenes of transposition within the genome, with or without structural change in the gene. These studies have also provided evidence for many previously unidentified human oncogenes. Similarly, the recognition through cytogenetics of gene amplification units in aggressive forms of certain tumors has helped to define another important type of somatic genetic change in neoplasia, again involving both known and previously unknown oncogenes. The observation of nonrandom chromosomal deletions in other malignancies has contributed to the delineation of an additional major class of tumorigenic genes, called suppressor genes, which appear to have a significant role in inherited malignancies and are now being actively sought in many common cancers. Finally, chromosome studies have helped to demonstrate the clonal nature of most neoplasms and the importance, in tumor progression, of sequential somatic genetic changes within the neoplastic clone. This latter phenomenon appears to depend primarily on acquired genetic lability in the tumor cell population. Karyotypic data are providing leads to its basis, as well as to the significance in carcinogenesis of constitutional chromosomal fragility and of specific fragile sites within the genome of different individuals.
Abstract 748: TLR3 agonist Ampligen® as an adjuvant inhibits the growth of breast cancer (2011)

Abstract A potent adjuvant is the key for a successful vaccine against tumor antigens. We evaluated the adjuvant effect of a TLR3 agonist, Ampligen® on the growth of breast cancer in a transgenic mouse model. Ampligen® [rintatolimod; poly(I)·poly(C12,U)] is a synthetic mismatched double strand RNA that specifically stimulates TLR3 (Hemispherx Biopharma, Philadelphia, PA). A neu-tg mice [strain name, FVB/N-TgN (MMTVneu) 202Mul] over-expressing both neu and IGFBP-2 tumor associated antigens (Park KH et al CR 2008) were used for this study. Three IGFBP2 peptides were used as immunogen. The mice were vaccinated with the peptides and Ampligen® three times, 2 weeks apart, with PBS, peptides alone, and Ampligen® alone as controls. Syngeneic MMC tumor cells were injected into the mice two weeks after the last vaccine, and the growth of tumors was monitored afterwards. Three other immune modulators (GM-CSF, TLR7 agonist Imiquimod and TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 2395) were also used to evaluate the efficacy of Ampligen® and combination adjuvant approaches. Our results indicate that peptides alone did not mediate an anti-tumor effect. Although Ampligen® alone at high concentration (100ug) had a weak anti-tumor effect as compared to the control with 23% tumor inhibition, vaccination with IGFBP2 antigen and Ampligen® remarkably inhibited tumor growth by 60%. A dose response of Ampligen® was observed with 20ug as the optimal dose. The analysis of the levels of multiplex cytokines (IL-12p70, IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, IFNg and TNFa) in serum two days after last vaccine showed that the level of IL-12p70 was increased in peptides/Ampligen® treated mice as compared to control (5.9±0.9 vs. 3.1±0.8 pg/ml;n=5; p=0.041) or other adjuvants. The serum levels of other cytokines were not statistically different. We compared the adjuvant effect of Ampligen® with GM-CSF, Imiquimod and ODN 2395. Besides Imiquimod, all these adjuvants significantly inhibited tumor growth as compared with peptides alone (p&amp;lt;0.002). Ampligen® was more effective than ODN2394 (p=0.02). The combination of Ampligen® with these other immunostimulators didn't further enhance the antitumor effect. In conclusion, Ampligen® as an adjuvant inhibited the growth of breast cancer with an increased level of Th1 cytokines and is a potent tumor vaccine adjuvant with the potential for clinical use. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 748. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-748
Correction: Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo–triazole hybrids as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents (2019)

Correction for ‘Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo–triazole hybrids as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents’ by T. Srinivasa Reddy <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>Org. Biomol. Chem.</italic>, 2015, <bold>13</bold>, 10136–10149.
Crosshole IP imaging for engineering and environmental applications (2004)

Abstract Induced polarization (IP) imaging is a promising tool in engineering and environmental studies. Application of this technique for near-surface investigations has previously been limited by incomplete understanding of the physicochemical controls on the IP response, together with a lack of appropriate methods for data inversion. As laboratory studies have shown, description of IP in terms of complex electrical conductivity enables access to various structural characteristics pertinent to practical issues such as subsurface lithology definition, hydraulic permeability estimation, or hydrocarbon contaminant mapping. In particular, analysis in terms of real and imaginary conductivity components offers improved lithological characterization, since surface polarization effects are separated from electrolytic and surface conduction effects. An Occam-type IP inversion algorithm based on complex algebra is described which accounts for these advances in IP interpretation by directly solving for complex conductivity. Results from crosshole applications at two case study sites demonstrate the suitability of the IP imaging approach for subsurface characterization. In the first case study, the imaging results correlate with the observed complex sequence of Quaternary sediments at a waste disposal site. Characterization of the polarizability of these sediments offers significant value in lithological differentiation. In the second case study, the results of IP imaging at a hydrocarbon-contaminated site illustrate the potential of the method in environmental studies. The hydrocarbon location is clearly evident from the IP image, and a markedly different response is observed at an uncontaminated region of the site. By adopting empirical structural–electrical relationships, images of textural and hydraulic properties are estimated as a step toward improved quantitative characterization. The success of the method for these contrasting applications supports further investigation into understanding the physical and chemical processes that control observed IP.
Defective IFN-gamma production in the human neonate. II. Role of increased sensitivity to the suppressive effects of prostaglandin E. (1985)

Analysis of endogenous production and effects of exogenous addition of interleukin 2 (IL 2), leukotrienes (LT), and prostaglandin E (PGE) has been used to investigate the dysregulation responsible for impaired PHA-induced IFN-gamma secretion by cord blood leukocytes (CBL). The addition of LT or IL 2 could not reverse the IFN defect of CBL. The production of these two mediators was found to be normal in CBL cultures. CBL and control leukocytes from adult donors produced comparable amounts of PGE2. In contrast, sensitivity to the suppressive effects of PGE2 on IFN-gamma secretion was much higher with CBL than with control leukocytes. Treatment with indomethacin reversed the IFN-gamma defect with most CBL tested, and the addition of physiologic amounts of PGE2 to indomethacin-treated cultures resulted in a profound impairment of IFN-gamma production similar to that of untreated CBL cultures. Preincubation of CBL for 24 hr before PHA stimulation resulted in restoration of a normal sensitivity to exogenous PGE2, in parallel with correction of the IFN-gamma defect. Our observations suggest that the impairment of IFN-gamma secretion in neonates is not due to deficient amplification circuits, but is the consequence of an exaggerated cellular sensitivity to the suppressive effects of PGE produced endogenously in normal amounts.
Improving the Front End of Innovation with Information Technology (2008)

OVERVIEW:The so-called fuzzy front end would seem to be the stage of innovation least suited to the use of information systems and technology, tools usually applied to repeatable processes and those amenable to formal specification. Yet, many companies have learned that information technology can help increase their innovators' productivity even before those innovations become formal projects. Information systems can help with collaboration, knowledge sharing, competitive intelligence, and in many other ways to help people generate ideas that are both creative and potentially valuable. This research examines the best practices of companies that use information technology to support the front end of their innovation processes.
Subspace partitioning in the human prefrontal cortex resolves cognitive interference (2023)

The human prefrontal cortex (PFC) constitutes the structural basis underlying flexible cognitive control, where mixed-selective neural populations encode multiple task features to guide subsequent behavior. The mechanisms by which the brain simultaneously encodes multiple task-relevant variables while minimizing interference from task-irrelevant features remain unknown. Leveraging intracranial recordings from the human PFC, we first demonstrate that competition between coexisting representations of past and present task variables incurs a behavioral switch cost. Our results reveal that this interference between past and present states in the PFC is resolved through coding partitioning into distinct low-dimensional neural states; thereby strongly attenuating behavioral switch costs. In sum, these findings uncover a fundamental coding mechanism that constitutes a central building block of flexible cognitive control.
Optical Signatures of the Aharonov-Bohm Phase in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

We report interband magneto-optical spectra for single-walled carbon nanotubes in high magnetic fields up to 45 tesla, confirming theoretical predictions that the band structure of a single-walled carbon nanotube is dependent on the magnetic flux phi threading the tube. We have observed field-induced optical anisotropy as well as red shifts and splittings of absorption and photoluminescence peaks. The amounts of shifts and splittings depend on the value of phi/phi(0) and are quantitatively consistent with theories based on the Aharonov-Bohm effect. These results represent evidence of the influence of the Aharonov-Bohm phase on the band gap of a solid.
Structure of the C-terminal Domain of Neisseria Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA), One of the Main Antigens of a Novel Vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis (2011)

Neisseria heparin binding antigen (NHBA), also known as GNA2132 (genome-derived Neisseria antigen 2132), is a surface-exposed lipoprotein from Neisseria meningitidis that was originally identified by reverse vaccinology. It is one the three main antigens of a multicomponent vaccine against serogroup B meningitis (4CMenB), which has just completed phase III clinical trials in infants. In contrast to the other two main vaccine components, little is known about the origin of the immunogenicity of this antigen, and about its ability to induce a strong cross-bactericidal response in animals and humans. To characterize NHBA in terms of its structural/immunogenic properties, we have analyzed its sequence and identified a C-terminal region that is highly conserved in all strains. We demonstrate experimentally that this region is independently folded, and solved its three-dimensional structure by nuclear magnetic resonance. Notably, we need detergents to observe a single species in solution. The NHBA domain fold consists of an 8-strand β-barrel that closely resembles the C-terminal domains of N. meningitidis factor H-binding protein and transferrin-binding protein B. This common fold together with more subtle structural similarities suggest a common ancestor for these important antigens and a role of the β-barrel fold in inducing immunogenicity against N. meningitidis. Our data represent the first step toward understanding the relationship between structural, functional, and immunological properties of this important vaccine component.
Development of Power Electronics Based Test Platform for Characterization and Testing of Magnetocaloric Materials (2015)

Magnetocaloric effects of various materials are getting more and more interesting for the future, as they can significantly contribute towards improving the efficiency of many energy intensive applications such as refrigeration, heating, and air conditioning. Accurate characterization of magnetocaloric effects, exhibited by various materials, is an important process for further studies and development of the suitable magnetocaloric heating and cooling solutions. The conventional test facilities have plenty of limitations, as they focus only on the thermodynamic side and use magnetic machines with moving bed of magnetocaloric material or magnet. In this work an entirely new approach for characterization of the magnetocaloric materials is presented, with the main focus on a flexible and efficient power electronic based excitation and a completely static test platform. It can generate a periodically varying magnetic field using superposition of an ac and a dc magnetic field. The scale down prototype uses a customized single phase H-bridge inverter with essential protections and an electromagnet load as actuator. The preliminary simulation and experimental results show good agreement and support the usage of the power electronic test platform for characterizing magnetocaloric materials.
Phase Ib Trial of the Toll-like Receptor 8 Agonist, Motolimod (VTX-2337), Combined with Cetuximab in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic SCCHN (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> As Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key mediators of immune responses, TLR agonists may be important for augmenting the efficacy of therapies for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Motolimod (VTX-2337), a selective small-molecule agonist of TLR8, stimulates natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. A phase Ib clinical trial assessed the safety and antitumor activity of motolimod in combination with cetuximab in patients with SCCHN. Correlative biomarkers of immune activity were explored.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Thirteen patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN were enrolled in this open-label, dose-escalation study using a standard 3 + 3 design. Doses of motolimod (2.5, 3.0, or 3.5 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) were given on days 1, 8, and 15, in combination with fixed weekly doses of cetuximab in 28-day cycles.<b>Results:</b> There were no protocol-defined dose-limiting toxicities, drug-related deaths, or evidence of synergistic toxicities between motolimod and cetuximab. Clinical tolerability at the 3.5 mg/m<sup>2</sup> dose level was not optimal for repeated dosing and 3.0 mg/m<sup>2</sup> was identified as the MTD. Two patients achieved partial responses for an overall response rate of 15%. Five patients had disease stabilization equating to a disease control rate of 54%. Statistically significant increases in plasma cytokines and in the frequency and activation of circulating NK cells were observed.<b>Conclusions:</b> Motolimod can be safely administered in combination with cetuximab with an acceptable toxicity profile. Encouraging antitumor activity and robust pharmacodynamic responses were observed. Motolimod is being further investigated in a phase II trial in patients with SCCHN (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01836029). <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2442-50. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Le traitement numérique d'images de roches à l'Institut Français du Pétrole. Digital processing of rock images in the Institut Français du Pétrole (1988)

This paper presents the rock image analysis equipment and methods available in the IFP. These images are either digital core sample images recorded at a macroscopic scale or images obtained with an electron microscope (STEM, SEM). We also show how one can study flow in porous media by the use of a medical scanner. In conclusion we expose the problems encountered and the developments that one can expect using these techniques.
Ectopic calcification in pseudoxanthoma elasticum responds to inhibition of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (2017)

Biallelic mutations in <i>ABCC6</i> cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a disease characterized by calcification in the skin, eyes, and blood vessels. The function of ATP-binding cassette C6 (ABCC6) and the pathogenesis of PXE remain unclear. We used mouse models and patient fibroblasts to demonstrate genetic interaction and shared biochemical and cellular mechanisms underlying ectopic calcification in PXE and related disorders caused by defined perturbations in extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate catabolism. Under osteogenic culture conditions, <i>ABCC6</i> mutant cells calcified, suggesting a provoked cell-autonomous defect. Using a conditional <i>Abcc6</i> knockout mouse model, we excluded the prevailing pathogenic hypothesis that singularly invokes failure of hepatic secretion of an endocrine inhibitor of calcification. Instead, deficiency of <i>Abcc6</i> in both local and distant cells was necessary to achieve the early onset and penetrant ectopic calcification observed upon constitutive gene targeting. <i>ABCC6</i> mutant cells additionally had increased expression and activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), an enzyme that degrades pyrophosphate, a major inhibitor of calcification. A selective and orally bioavailable TNAP inhibitor prevented calcification in <i>ABCC6</i> mutant cells in vitro and attenuated both the development and progression of calcification in <i>Abcc6</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice in vivo, without the deleterious effects on bone associated with other proposed treatment strategies.
A 4.2-ps ECL ring-oscillator in a 285-GHz f/sub MAX/ SiGe technology (2002)

This letter reports on the room temperature operation of a conventional SiGe bipolar ECL ring oscillator with a minimum stage delay of 4.2 ps for /spl sim/250 mV single ended voltage swing. To our knowledge, this is the lowest reported delay for a gate fabricated using transistor devices. The circuit uses 0.12 × 2 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> emitter size SiGe n-p-n transistors with a room temperature f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 207 GHz and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> (unilateral gain extrapolation) of 285 GHz. The ring oscillator was studied as a function of various device and circuit parameters and it was found that minimum delay is more dependent on the parasitic resistance and capacitance in the n-p-n device than on pure transit time across the device.