gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microfluidic approach for investigating multicomponent system thermodynamics at high pressures and temperatures (2014)

In this work, we present a novel microfluidic-based approach for investigating the thermodynamics of multicomponent systems at high pressures and temperatures, such as determining miscibility diagrams and critical coordinates of complex mixtures. The developed method is primarily based on (i) bubble and dew point detection through optical characterization and (ii) the use of a so-called dynamic stop-flow measurement mode for fast screening of the diagram parameters, mainly P, T and composition. Our strategy was validated through the studies of model binary CO2-alkane mixtures. The obtained results were then compared to PREOS-calculated and literature data. We later applied this strategy for determining ternary and quaternary mixtures critical coordinates. This approach has equal accuracy compared to conventional high-pressure optical cell methods but allows for a much faster phase diagram determination, taking advantage of improved heat and mass transfers on the microscale and of the dynamic stop-flow approach.
Direct Production of Propene from Methoxy Species and Dimethyl Ether over H-ZSM-5 (2012)

The mechanism of the initial C–C bond formation on methanol to olefin (MTO) and/or methanol to hydrocarbon (MTHC) reaction were not clarified. In this paper, the reaction mechanism and the reactivity of methoxy species on H-ZSM-5 zeolite with methanol or dimethyl ether (DME), which is the initial product of MTO and MTHC reactions, were observed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The direct production of propene from methoxy groups and DME is evidenced on H-ZSM-5 zeolite by isotopic studies of IR observation of surface species and GC-mass analysis of products. Stepwise reactions of DME to ethene and water followed by methylation of ethene by methoxy groups were negligible during the generation of propene by the reaction of methoxy groups and DME.
Effects of Fall Times of Pulse Currents on Output Voltages in Amorphous-Wire-Based Magnetic Sensors (2022)

Micro-sized magnetic sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity are required in biomagnetic measuring devices. The gigahertz (GHz) spin rotation sensor, which is a coil-type magnetic sensor, shows high sensitivity while transmitting GHz-pulse currents. Detection magnetic fields are sensed via a pickup coil, which is wrapped around the wire when the GHz-pulse currents are applied. However, the micromechanism in the amorphous wire, which exhibits high sensitivity, has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated how the fall time of the pulse current, which defines the frequency, affects the output peak voltages and the behavior of the magnetization inside the amorphous wire. We found that the shorter the fall time, the higher are the absolute values of the output peak voltage and the external magnetic field detecting those values. At a fall time of 0.385 ns, only the rotations of magnetization in the outer circumference of the amorphous wire contributed to the output voltages, and at a fall time of 5.0 ns, the domain wall motions inside the wire also contributed to the output voltages. This difference was the reason why the output peak voltages increased as the fall time was shortened.
AM-AM and AM-PM distortion characterization of satellite transponders/base station transmitters using spectrum measurements (2003)

This paper proposes a method for measuring AM-AM and AM-PM distortion of power amplifiers (PAs) of satellite transponders and base station transmitters using power spectrum measurements. It consists of using unequal three-tone signal to drive either the base station power amplifier's transmitter or the satellite transponder's power amplifier and to measure the level of these tones at the output of the transmitter/transponder. By comparison of the spectrum at the input and output of the PA, one can calculate the AM-AM compression factor and the AM-PM conversion coefficient of the power amplifier of the transmitter or transponder using close form expressions.
Practical emitters for thermophotovoltaics: a review (2019)

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems are promising for harnessing solar energy, waste heat, and heat from radioisotope decay or fuel combustion. TPV systems work by heating an emitter that emits light that is converted to electricity. One of the key challenges is designing an emitter that not only preferentially emits light in certain wavelength ranges but also simultaneously satisfies other engineering constraints. To elucidate these engineering constraints, we first provide an overview of the state of the art, by classifying emitters into three categories based on whether they have been used in prototype system demonstrations, fabricated and measured, or simulated. We then present a systematic approach for assessing emitters. This consists of five metrics: optical performance, ability to scale to large areas, stability at high temperatures, ability to integrate into the system, and cost. Using these metrics, we evaluate and discuss the reported results of emitters used in system demonstrations. Although there are many emitters with good optical performance, more studies on their practical attributes are required, especially for those that are not yet used in prototype systems. This framework can serve as a guide for the development of emitters for long-lasting, high-performance TPV systems.
Skin Fungi from Colonization to Infection (2017)

Humans are exceptional among vertebrates in that their living tissue is directly exposed to the outside world. In the absence of protective scales, feathers, or fur, the skin has to be highly effective in defending the organism against the gamut of opportunistic fungi surrounding us. Most (sub)cutaneous infections enter the body by implantation through the skin barrier. On intact skin, two types of fungal expansion are noted: (A) colonization by commensals, i.e., growth enabled by conditions prevailing on the skin surface without degradation of tissue, and (B) infection by superficial pathogens that assimilate epidermal keratin and interact with the cellular immune system. In a response-damage framework, all fungi are potentially able to cause disease, as a balance between their natural predilection and the immune status of the host. For this reason, we will not attribute a fixed ecological term to each species, but rather describe them as growing in a commensal state (A) or in a pathogenic state (B).
The case for a wide-table approach to manage sparse relational data sets (2007)

A data set typically has hundreds or even thousands of attributes, but most objects have non-null values for only a small number of these attributes. A popular view about sparse data is that it arises merely as the result of poor schema design. In this paper, we argue that rather than being the result of inept schema design,storing a sparse data set in a single table is the right way to proceed. However, for this to be the case, RDBMSs must provide sparse data management facilities that go beyond the previously studied requirement of storing such data sets efficiently. In particular, an RDBMS must 1) enable users to effectively build ad hoc queries over a very large number of attributes, and 2) support efficient evaluation of these queries over a wide, sparse table. We propose techniques that provide these capabilities, and argue that the single-table approach is a necessary component of self-managing database systems because it frees users from a tedious and potentially ineffective schema-design phase when managing sparse data sets.
Dual-Band Advanced Short Backfire Antenna With 100% Aperture Efficiency Over a Wide Range of Diameters (2022)

In this article, we demonstrate that a circular advanced short backfire antenna (A-SBFA) can be optimized for high single- or dual-band aperture efficiency over a range of different aperture sizes. Optimization methods developed previously to utilize anisotropic, dispersive metasurfaces on the cavity walls of the hexagonal A-SBFA are modified and applied to achieve 100% aperture efficiency at two frequency bands for circular aperture diameters spanning a remarkably large range from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.0\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> up to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.13\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Furthermore, a single-frequency optimization was able to achieve a design with 100% aperture efficiency for an A-SBFA with a diameter of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.6\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , the highest known achievable efficiency for an antenna of its aperture size, and overall height. Finally, simulations revealed the first compact hard horn or open-ended waveguide design with close to 100% aperture efficiency below <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.6\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
Neuronal medium that supports basic synaptic functions and activity of human neurons in vitro (2015)

Human cell reprogramming technologies offer access to live human neurons from patients and provide a new alternative for modeling neurological disorders in vitro. Neural electrical activity is the essence of nervous system function in vivo. Therefore, we examined neuronal activity in media widely used to culture neurons. We found that classic basal media, as well as serum, impair action potential generation and synaptic communication. To overcome this problem, we designed a new neuronal medium (BrainPhys basal + serum-free supplements) in which we adjusted the concentrations of inorganic salts, neuroactive amino acids, and energetic substrates. We then tested that this medium adequately supports neuronal activity and survival of human neurons in culture. Long-term exposure to this physiological medium also improved the proportion of neurons that were synaptically active. The medium was designed to culture human neurons but also proved adequate for rodent neurons. The improvement in BrainPhys basal medium to support neurophysiological activity is an important step toward reducing the gap between brain physiological conditions in vivo and neuronal models in vitro.
Stability and Passivity Enforcement of Parametric Macromodels in Time and Frequency Domain (2008)

This paper presents a robust technique for the macromodeling of time-domain and frequency-domain responses, which are parameterized by one or more design variables. The representation of the multivariate macromodel ensures that stability of the transfer function poles is enforced by construction. Passivity of the parametric macromodel can be enforced in a post-processing step by perturbation of barycentric weights.
Construction of a pneumolysin deficient mutant in streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 strain 519/43 and phenotypic characterisation (2020)

Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular serotype 1 continues to pose a huge infectious disease burden in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in West Africa. However, studies on this important serotype have been hampered by the inability to genetically modify these strains. In this study we have genetically modified a serotype 1 strain (519/43), the first time that this has been achieved for this serotype, providing the methodology for a deeper understanding of its biology and pathogenicity. As proof of principle we constructed a defined pneumolysin mutant and showed that it lost its ability to lyse red blood cells. We also showed that when mice were infected intranasally with the mutant 519/43Δply there was no significant difference between the load of bacteria in lungs and blood when compared to the wild type 519/43. When mice were infected intraperitoneally there were significantly fewer bacteria recovered from blood for the mutant 519/43Δply strain, although all mice still displayed signs of disease. Our study demonstrates S. pneumoniae serotype 1 strains can be genetically manipulated using our methodology and demonstrate that the ability to cause pneumonia in mice is independent of active pneumolysin for the 519/43 serotype 1 strain.
Les hypertensions artérielles d'origine endocrinienne (1997)

Les hypertensions artérielles d'origine endocrinienne représentent environ 3 à 5 % des hypertensions artérielles, parmi lesquelles les formes les plus sévères. Lors du diagnostic, une importance particulière sera accordée à une sémiologie évocatrice. Une cause endocrinienne sera également activement recherchée dans les cas de mauvaises réponses au traitement classique de l'hypertension artérielle.
Flow regime analysis of non-Newtonian duct flows (2006)

Reoriented duct flows of generalized Newtonian fluids are an idealization of non-Newtonian fluid flow in industrial in-line mixers. Based on scaling analysis and computation we find that non-Newtonian duct flows have several limit behaviors, in the sense that such flows can become (nearly) independent of one or more of the rheological and dynamical control parameters, simplifying the general flow and mixing problem. These limit flows give several levels of modeling complexity to the full problem of non-Newtonian duct flow. We describe the sets of simplified flow models and their corresponding regions of validity. This flow-model decomposition captures the essential rheological and dynamical characteristics of the reoriented duct flows and enables a more efficient and systematic study and design of flow and mixing of non-Newtonian fluids in ducts. Key aspects of the flow-model decomposition are demonstrated via a specific, but representative, duct flow.
Fast implementation of two-dimensional APES and CAPON spectral estimators (2002)

The matched-filterbank spectral estimators APES and CAPON have received considerable attention in a number of applications. Unfortunately, their computational complexity tends to limit their usage in several cases-a problem that has previously been addressed by different authors. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to the computation of the 1D and 2D APES and CAPON spectra, which is considerably faster than all existing techniques. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the application of APES to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, and to illustrate the reduction in computational complexity provided by our implementation.
Reproducible biomedical benchmarking in the cloud: lessons from crowd-sourced data challenges (2019)

Challenges are achieving broad acceptance for addressing many biomedical questions and enabling tool assessment. But ensuring that the methods evaluated are reproducible and reusable is complicated by the diversity of software architectures, input and output file formats, and computing environments. To mitigate these problems, some challenges have leveraged new virtualization and compute methods, requiring participants to submit cloud-ready software packages. We review recent data challenges with innovative approaches to model reproducibility and data sharing, and outline key lessons for improving quantitative biomedical data analysis through crowd-sourced benchmarking challenges.
Promising Results from Alzheimer’s Disease Passive Immunotherapy Support the Development of a Preventive Vaccine (2019)

The apparently near-term effects of the monoclonal antibody BAN2401 in slowing the progression of prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) has created cautious optimism about the therapeutic use of antibodies that neutralize cytotoxic soluble amyloid-<i>β</i> aggregates, rather than removing plaque. Plaque being protective, as it immobilizes cytotoxic amyloid-<i>β</i>, rather than AD's causative agent. The presence of natural antibodies against cytotoxic amyloid-<i>β</i> implies the existence of a protective anti-AD immunity. Hence, for vaccines to induce a similar immunoresponse that prevents and/or delays the onset of AD, they must have adjuvants that stimulate a sole anti-inflammatory Th2 immunity, plus immunogens that induce a protective immunoresponse against diverse cytotoxic amyloid-<i>β</i> conformers. Indeed, amyloid-<i>β</i> pleomorphism may explain the lack of long-term protection by monoclonal antibodies that neutralize single conformers, like aducanumab. A situation that would allow new cytotoxic conformers to escape neutralization by previously effective monoclonal antibodies. Stimulation of a vaccine's effective immunoresponse would require the concurrent delivery of immunogen to dendritic cells and their priming, to induce a polarized Th2 immunity. An immunoresponse that would produce besides neutralizing antibodies against neurotoxic amyloid-<i>β</i> oligomers, anti-inflammatory cytokines; preventing inflammation that aggravates AD. Because of age-linked immune decline, vaccines would be significantly more effective in preventing, rather than treating AD. Considering the amyloid-<i>β</i>'s role in tau's pathological hyperphosphorylation and their synergism in AD, the development of preventive vaccines against both amyloid-<i>β</i> and tau should be considered. Due to convenience and cost, vaccines may be the only option available to many countries to forestall the impending AD epidemic.
79-GHz Wide-Beam Microstrip Patch Antenna and Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications (2020)

A wide-beam microstrip patch antenna and antenna array ranging from 77 to 81 GHz are presented in this study for millimeter-wave applications. A substrate-integrated-waveguide probe-fed patch was developed. For beamwidth enhancement, two I-shaped parasitic elements were placed next to the main patch to establish a three-element subarray. The current directions of the parasitic elements were opposite to that of the main patch, leading to beamwidth enhancement in the E -plane radiation pattern. The proposed I-shaped parasitic element has the advantages of coplanar structure, compact size, and easy adjustment of the induced current. An array-factor method was employed to analyze the effect of the parasitic elements on the beamwidth of the main patch. Three amplitude distributions of the subarray were compared. The distribution of -0.1:1:-0.1 was proved to present the most beamwidth, which can be realized easily by the proposed I-shaped parasitic elements. To achieve both wide beamwidth and high gain, a 1 × 8 patch antenna array with the I-shaped parasitic elements was proposed. The measured results showed that the design can offer a gain of 10.74 dBi and a wide beamwidth of 138° at 79 GHz.
Addressing materials and process-integration issues of NiSi silicide process using impurity engineering (2004)

As the industry approaches sub-100 nm technology nodes, the trend is to replace cobalt silicide with nickel monosilicide (NiSi) since the use of NiSi for contact metallization shows a number of technological advantages, including its line-width independent low resistivity, less Si consumption and low thermal budget for its formation, and compatibility with Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ substrate technology. However, NiSi has not been considered as a serious candidate until recently mainly due to its poor morphological/thermal stability. Recent studies have shown that the morphological/thermal stability of NiSi can be enhanced substantially through the addition of a small amount of impurities, resulting in much improved silicided shallow junction integrity. In addition to improving the morphological/thermal stability, it has also been demonstrated that the addition of certain impurities, such as Ti, effectively reduces the sensitivity of NiSi formation to surface contaminants (e.g., residual interfacial oxide). This paper will present and discuss the details of these experimental results.
Pristine environments harbor a new group of oligotrophic 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading bacteria (1997)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria were isolated from pristine environments which had no history of 2,4-D exposure. By using 2,4-D dye indicator medium or 14C-labeled 2,4-D medium, six strains were isolated from eight enrichment cultures capable of degrading 2,4-D. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing and physiological properties revealed that one isolate from Hawaiian volcanic soil could be classified in the genus Variovorax (a member of the beta subdivision of the class Proteobacteria) and that the other five isolates from Hawaiian volcanic soils, Saskatchewan forest soil, and Chilean forest soil have 16S rDNAs with high degrees of similarity to those of the Bradyrhizobium group (a member of the alpha subdivision of the class Proteobacteria). All the isolates grow slowly on either nutrient media (0.1 x Bacto Peptone-tryptone-yeast extract-glucose [PTYG] or 0.1 x Luria broth [LB] medium) or 2,4-D medium, with mean generation times of 16 to 30 h, which are significantly slower than previously known 2,4-D degraders. Nutrient-rich media such as full-strength PTYG and LB medium did not allow their growth. PCR amplification using internal consensus sequences of tfdA (a gene encoding an enzyme for the first step of 2,4-D mineralization, found in pJP4 of Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 and some other 2,4-D-degrading bacteria) as primers and Southern hybridization with pJP4-tfdA as a probe revealed that the isolate belonging to the genus Variovorax carried the tfdA gene. This gene was transmissible to A. eutrophus JMP228 carrying a plasmid with a mutant tfdA gene. The other five isolates did not appear to carry tfdA, and 2,4-D-specific alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase activity could not be detected in cell lysates. These results indicate that 2,4-D-degrading bacteria in pristine environments are slow-growing bacteria and that most of their phylogenies and catabolic genes differ from those of 2,4-D degraders typically isolated from agricultural soils or contaminated environments.
Stereo matching via selective multiple windows (2007)

Window-based correlation algorithms are widely used for stereo matching due to their computational efficiency as compared to global algorithms. In this paper, a multiple window correlation algorithm for stereo matching is presented which addresses the problems associated with a fixed window size. The developed algorithm differs from the previous multiple window algorithms by introducing a reliability test to select the most reliable window among multiple windows of increasing sizes. This ensures that at least one window is large enough to cover a region of adequate intensity variations while at the same time small enough to cover a constant depth region. A recursive computation procedure is also used to allow a computationally efficient implementation of the algorithm. The outcome obtained from a standard set of images with known disparity maps shows that the generated disparity maps are more accurate as compared to two popular stereo matching local algorithms.