gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nouvelle approche de synthèse aux triterpènes : synthèse de trans-1,10-cisoïde-trans-2,7 et du trans-1,10-cisoïde-CIS-2,7, diméthyl-1,2, tétracarbométhoxy-5,5,12,12 tricyclo [8.4.0.02,7]tétradécène-8 (1988)

Ce mémoire décrit d'abord les approches de synthèse des macrocycles diméthyl-4,5 tétracarbométhoxy-1,1,8,8 cyclotétradécatriène-4(Z), 10(E), 12(E) et du diméthyl-4,5 tétracarbométhoxy-1,1,8,8 cyclotétradécatriène-4(Z), 10(E), 12(Z). La réaction de Diels-Alder transannulaire a, par la suite, été étudiée sur ces triènes macrocycliques pour donner respectivement le trans-1,10-cisoïde-trans-2,7 et le trans-1,10-cisoïde-cis- 2,7 diméthyl-1,2 tétracarbométhoxy-5,5,12,-12 tricyclo[8.4.0.02 7Jtétradécène-8.
Self-Assembly and Photopolymerization of Sub-2 nm One-Dimensional Organic Nanostructures on Graphene (2012)

While graphene has attracted significant attention from the research community due to its high charge carrier mobility, important issues remain unresolved that prevent its widespread use in technologically significant applications such as digital electronics. For example, the chemical inertness of graphene hinders integration with other materials, and the lack of a bandgap implies poor switching characteristics in transistors. The formation of ordered organic monolayers on graphene has the potential to address each of these challenges. In particular, functional groups incorporated into the constituent molecules enable tailored chemical reactivity, while molecular-scale ordering within the monolayer provides sub-2 nm templates with the potential to tune the electronic band structure of graphene via quantum confinement effects. Toward these ends, we report here the formation of well-defined one-dimensional organic nanostructures on epitaxial graphene via the self-assembly of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Molecular resolution UHV scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images confirm the one-dimensional ordering of the as-deposited PCDA monolayer and show domain boundaries with symmetry consistent with the underlying graphene lattice. In an effort to further stabilize the monolayer, in situ ultraviolet photopolymerization induces covalent bonding between neighboring PCDA molecules in a manner that maintains one-dimensional ordering as verified by UHV STM and ambient atomic force microscopy (AFM). Further quantitative insights into these experimental observations are provided by semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations that compare the molecular structure before and after photopolymerization.
Cyano-disubstituted dipyrrolopyrazinedione (CNPzDP) small molecules for solution processed n-channel organic thin-film transistors (2013)

We synthesized new n-type small molecule semiconductors containing dipyrrolo[2,3-b:2′,3′-e]pyrazine-2,6(1H,5H)-dione (PzDP), which are potentially useful for solution-processed n-channel organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). Electron mobilities of up to 0.16 cm2 V−1 s−1 were achieved for devices fabricated and measured under ambient conditions.
Boron‐Based Functional Additives Enable Solid Electrolyte Interphase Engineering in Calcium Metal Battery (2022)

Abstract Calcium‐metal batteries have received growing attention recently after several studies reporting successful metal plating and stripping with organic electrolytes. Given the low redox potential of metallic calcium, its surface is commonly covered by a passivation layer grown by the accumulation of electrolyte decomposition products. The presence of borate species in this layer has been shown to be a key parameter allowing for Ca 2+ migration and favoring Ca electrodeposition. Here, boron‐based additives are evaluated in order to tune the SEI composition, morphology, and properties. The decomposition of a BF 3 ‐based additive is studied at different potentiostatic steps and the resulting SEI layer was thoroughly characterized. SEI growth mechanism is proposed based on both experimental data and DFT calculations pointing at the formation of boron‐crosslinked polymeric matrices. Several boron‐based adducts are explored as SEI‐forming additives for calcium‐metal batteries paving the way to very rich chemistry leading to Ca 2+ conducting SEI.
Femoral Neck Fracture After Arthroscopic Management of Femoroacetabular Impingement (2011)

Ayeni, Olufemi R. MD; Bedi, Asheesh MD; Lorich, Dean G. MD; Kelly, Bryan T. MD Author Information
Design and fabrication of infrared antireflecting bi-periodic micro-structured surfaces (2008)

Broadband antireflection properties of material surfaces are of primary interest for a wide variety of applications: to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic cells, to increase the sensitivity of photodetectors, to improve the performance of light emitting diodes, etc... In the past, broadband antireflection multilayer coatings were widely used and recently very low refractive index materials in thin film form have been fabricated by several groups. The research work presented in this paper aims at modeling and fabricating bi-periodic micro-structured silicon surfaces exhibiting broadband antireflection properties in the infrared range. These structures of pyramidal shape, which typical dimensions are smaller than the wavelength, are not in the Effective Medium Theory (EMT) validity domain. The optimization of the optical properties of such patterned surfaces needs a fully Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) rigorous description of light propagation phenomena. The influence of various opto-geometrical parameters such as period, depth, shape of the pattern is examined. The antireflective properties of such bi-periodic patterned surfaces is then discussed using the photonic crystal theory and photonic band diagrams description. The structure is considered as a two dimensional periodic structure with a nonuniform third dimension. Correlations between the density of Bloch modes, flatness of dispersion curves and the surface reflectance are presented. The last part of this paper is devoted to the presentation of the fabrication and the characterization of the structures. Low cost and large surface processing techniques are proposed using wet anisotropic etching through a silica mask obtained by photolithography or nanoimprinting.
Improved antigen detection in ethanol‐fixed cytologic specimens. A modified avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex (ABC) method (1985)

A new amplification technique is described for the detection of small amounts of antigen in ethanol-fixed cytologic specimens and formalin-fixed tissues. By adding a third antibody layer to the already sensitive avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase system, we have demonstrated a considerable increase in both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of this immunostaining method. In evaluating this technique, we employed a previously defined small cell lung carcinoma cell surface antigen system and monoclonal antibodies.
Intercalation-mediated nucleic acid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery (2016)

Tremendous effort has been made to improve stability and delivery efficacy of small RNA therapeutics. However, nearly all current nano-encapsulation carriers utilize the critical balance between only two interacting parameters: RNA-binding electrostatic interactions and nanoparticle-stabilizing hydrophobic interactions. We report the development of intercalation-meditated nucleic acid (IMNA) nanoparticles, which utilize intercalation as a third interaction to enhance small RNA delivery. This toolbox expansion of interaction parameters may inspire the use of additional forces in nanoparticle drug carriers to increase potency and stability.
Inhibitors of the Arachidonic Acid Pathway and Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Ligands Have Superadditive Effects on Lung Cancer Growth Inhibition (2005)

Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolizing enzymes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been shown to regulate the growth of epithelial cells. We have previously reported that exposure to the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein-directed inhibitor MK886 but not the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, reduced growth, increased apoptosis, and up-regulated PPARalpha and gamma expression in breast cancer cell lines. In the present study, we explore approaches to maximizing the proapoptotic effects of PPARgamma on lung cancer cell lines. Non-small-cell cancer cell line A549 revealed dose-dependent PPARgamma reporter activity after treatment with MK886. The addition of indomethacin in combination with MK886 further increases reporter activity. We also show increased growth inhibition and up-regulation of apoptosis after exposure to MK886 alone, or in combination with indomethacin and the PPAR ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 compared with single drug exposures on the adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and small-cell cancer cell lines H345, N417, and H510. Real-time PCR analyses showed increased PPAR mRNA and retinoid X receptor (RXR)alpha mRNA expression after exposure to MK886 and indomethacin in a time-dependent fashion. The results suggest that the principal proapoptotic effect of these drugs may be mediated through the known antiproliferative effects of the PPARgamma-RXR interaction. We therefore explored a three-drug approach to attempt to maximize this effect. The combination of low-dose MK886, ciglitazone, and 13-cis-retinoic acid interacted at least in a superadditive fashion to inhibit the growth of lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299, suggesting that targeting PPARgamma and AA action is a promising approach to lung cancer growth with a favorable therapeutic index.
Silicon void nano-waveguides for guiding and confining light (2004)

We present theoretical and experimental evidence of a novel wavelength-insensitive waveguide geometry for guiding and confining light in nanometer-wide low-index materials, based on the discontinuity of the electric field at high-index-contrast interfaces.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTRONENSPINRESONANZSPEKTROSKOPISCHER BEWEIS FUER DIE ADDITION EINES AMID‐RADIKALS AN OLEFINE (1972)

Abstract Aus dem Amid (Ia) entsteht mit Distickstofftetroxid die N‐Nitroso‐Verbindung (Ib), aus der bei der Photolyse über die radikalischen Zwischenstufen (II) und (III) die Nitrosoverbindung (IV) bzw. das Oxim (V) erhalten werden; aus (III) und (IV) erhält man zusätzlich das durch Elektronenspinresonanz nachgewiesene Radikal (VI).
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Botcinins C, D, and F (2008)

Stereoselective total synthesis of botcinins C, D, and F is effectively carried out through asymmetric aldol reactions, 6-endo ring closure, and SmI2-mediated 3,4-trans or -cis stereoselective intramolecular Reformatsky reaction. Rapid esterification of the main skeleton of botcinins with the chiral side chain using MNBA and DMAP produced botcinin D, an antifungal chemical against a pathogen of rice blast disease.
A HIGH-DIRECTIVITY MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN BY USING GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZATION (2013)

A high-directivity patch antenna with broadside directiv- ity is attractive, since a narrow beam can be obtained without the need of using an array of antennas. Therefore, the solution becomes simpler as there is no need for a complicated feeding network. In this sense, this paper presents a novel patch antenna design with high directiv- ity in the broadside direction by using genetic algorithms (GA). The proposed GA method divides the overall patch area into difierent cells taking into account that cells have a small overlap area between them. This avoids optimized geometries where cells have only an inflnitesimal connection. Therefore, the proposed method is robust for manufactur- ing. The antenna operates in a higher-order mode at 4.12GHz and the geometry flts inside a patch of 40mm £ 40mm on a substrate with a relative permittivity of 3.38 and a thickness of 1.52mm resulting in a directivity of 10.5dBi. The specialty of this design is the use of GA to select the optimized shape and the feeding position instead of a known shape and a flxed feeding position. The antenna has been fabricated and the simulation results are in good agreement with the measure- ments. This results in a simpler design of a single high-directivity patch, which can substitute an array of two elements operating in the fundamental mode.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene deficiency attenuates TGF-β1-induced kidney disease (2005)

We show that PAI-1 gene deficiency attenuates TGF-beta1-induced kidney disease, decreasing both glomerular and interstitial ECM deposition. Thus, PAI-1 mediates some of the biological effects of TGF-beta1 in vivo. However, we could not find evidence supporting the notion that the effect was mediated through increased protease activity.
Characterization of Ion Transport and -Sorption in a Carbon Based Porous Electrode for Desalination Purposes (2013)

New and more efficient water desalination technologies have been a topic of incipient research over the past few decades. Although the focus has been placed on the improvement of membrane-based desalination methods such as reverse osmosis, the development of new high surface area carbon-based-electrode materials have brought substantial interest towards capacitive deionization (CDI), a novel technique that uses an electric field to separate the ionic species from the water. Part of the new interest on CDI is its ability to store and return a fraction of the energy used in the desalination process. This characteristic is not common to other electric-field-based desalination methods such as electro-deionization and electrodialysis reversal where none of the input energy is recoverable. This paper presents work conducted to analyze the energy recovery, thermodynamic efficiency, and ionic adsorption/desorption rates in a CDI cell using different salt concentration solutions and various flow rates. Voltage and electrical current measurements are conducted during the desalination and electrode regeneration processes and used to evaluate the energy recovery ratio. Salinity measurements of the inflow and outflow stream concentrations using conductivity probes, alongside the current measurements, are used to calculate ion adsorption efficiency. Two analytical species transport models are developed to estimate the net ionic adsorption rates in a steady-state and nonsaturated porous electrode scenario. Finally, the convective and electrokinetic transport times are compared and their effect on desalination performance is presented. Steady test results for outlet to inlet concentration ratio show a strong dependence on flow rate and concentration independence for dilute solutions. In addition, transient test results indicate that the net electrical energy requirement is dependent on the number of carbon electrode regeneration cycles, which is thought to be due to imperfect regeneration. The energy requirements and adsorption/desorption rate analyses conducted for this water-desalination process could be extended to other ion-adsorption applications such as the reprocessing of lubricants or spent nuclear fuels in a near future.
Spectral effects in terahertz apertureless near-field microscopy (2008)

We observe dramatic changes in the spectrum of radiation scattered from a near-field tip with decreasing tip-sample distance. This arises from a balance between direct tip scattering and signals associated with the near-field image dipole.
High power radially polarized light generated from photonic crystal segmented half-wave-plate (2007)

We have generated more than 100 watts of radial polarized beam from a Yb fiber laser using a photonics crystal segmented half-wave-plate. We demonstrated the high power handling capability of such a photonics crystal segmented half-wave-plate and show that it is a promising external radial polarization converter for high power Yb fiber laser used in laser cutting industry.
A novel technique for interdependent trim code optimization (2016)

As integrated circuits become increasingly complex, the fabrication process renders them more marginal to specification parameters. Consequently, these circuits have to be tuned post fabrication to compensate for process marginality and thereby optimize their performance as well as to improve yields. This process of tuning is commonly termed as trimming, wherein the right set of digital trim codes is identified and used as a calibration setting by writing these codes into the hardware configuration registers. This paper addresses the problem of carrying out multi-variable trims involving two or more parameters, codes for which must be simultaneously searched and set, in order to attain the desired performance of the circuit. A novel low-cost hardware implementation of the Simplex minimization algorithm with speed-up improvements is described. This implementation is amenable for on-chip BIST (built-in self-test) and can also be directly implemented as part of the ATE (automatic test equipment) program. Experimental results are presented on two industrial circuits. Improvements in terms of trim code search time and attaining better performance are shown.
New Prospects for Ultra-High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (2021)

There is growing interest in imaging multiple sclerosis (MS) through the ultra-high-field (UHF) lens, which currently means a static magnetic field strength of 7 T or higher. Because of higher signal-to-noise ratio and enhanced susceptibility effects, UHF magnetic resonance imaging improves conspicuity of MS pathological hallmarks, among them cortical demyelination and the central vein sign. This could, in turn, improve confidence in MS diagnosis and might also facilitate therapeutic monitoring of MS patients. Furthermore, UHF imaging offers unique insight into iron-related pathology, leptomeningeal inflammation, and spinal cord pathologies in neuroinflammation. Yet, limitations such as the longer scanning times to achieve improved resolution and incipient safety data on implanted medical devices need to be considered. In this review, we discuss applications of UHF imaging in MS, its advantages and limitations, and practical aspects of UHF in the clinical setting.
Field test results of the augmented data transmission for the ATSC terrestrial DTV system (2012)

This paper presents the basic concept and the field test results of the augmented data transmission (ADT) to increase the data capacity of the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) terrestrial DTV system. The ADT system can offer an additional data of rate up to a few megabits per second (Mbps) based on hierarchical modulation, DTV signal cancellation, and advanced error correction code. For the field test, the field strength and the required carrier to noise ratio (CNR) for a stable reception were measured at each test point. According to the field test results, when the ADT signal is injected 21 dB below the existing DTV signal, ADT system offers an additional broadcasting link supporting up to 2 Mbps data rate which is about 3 dB worse than the conventional DTV system.
Apolar 2‐alkoxyalkoxy‐substituted nematic liquid crystals (2007)

The synthesis is reported of a series of apolar nematic liquid crystals incorporating an alkoxyalkoxy chain attached in a terminal position to the molecular core. The dependence of the mesomorphism and phase transition temperatures on the nature of the terminal chain with one, two or three oxygen atoms was studied. Some compounds with a completely alicyclic molecular core and a terminal 2‐methoxyethoxy chain exhibit a nematic phase with a low melting point, birefringence and viscosity and a relatively high clearing point in the absence of smectic phases. They do not to absorb light in the near UV and may be useful as components of UV‐stable nematic mixtures for use in photoluminescent liquid crystal displays. The presence of the methoxyethoxy chain leads to a relatively large dipole moment perpendicular to the molecular long axis.
Preferential sputtering of brass studied by AES and XPS (1984)

Preferential sputtering of brass has been investigated for inert gas ion bombardment having incident ion energies between 500 and 4000 eV. Enrichment of the copper on surfaces sputtered to equilibrium was found for all conditions, and was observed to increase with ion energy and mass. Copper concentrations calculated by using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) peak-to-peak heights in the E dN/dE mode varied from 8% to 13% above bulk composition. This variation was found to be reversible upon changing the incident ion energy and sputtering away the existing damaged layer. Analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) using 2p and 3p peak areas and escape depths showed the existence of a subsurface region with greater enrichment of copper than that produced on the sputtered surface.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Reactivity of Alkylating Agents (1980)

Abstract A sensitive and reproducible method for quantitative evaluation of the relative reactivities of alkylating agents was developed, based on competitve alkylation. The method is superior to the known colorimetric methods. The reactivities of the agents could also be correlated with the 13 C chemical shifts of the α-methylene. The method was successfully applied for the ranking of "soft" alkylating agents of low reactivity.
1655-P: Genetic Risk Factors for Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (2020)

Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at two-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of T2D morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify genetic risk factors associated with incident CVD in patients with T2D. We performed survival genome-wide association study (GWAS) with patients with T2D in the UK Biobank (UKBB), Partners HealthCare Biobank (PBB), and Korean Genome and Epidemiology (KoGES) studies. The primary outcome of the study was a composite of myocardial infarction and stroke that occurred at least one year after the diagnosis of T2D. We conducted survival GWAS using ’GWASTools’ R package adjusting for age, and sex. The results of the three cohorts were meta-analyzed using inverse variance weighted method. A total of 19,121 participants were included in the analyses (15,643 from UKBB, 1,161 from PBB and 2,317 from KoGES). The incidence rate of CVD was higher in the hospital-based study of PBB (33.5%) compared to population-based studies of UKBB (9.5%), and KoGES (8.0%). Although there was no genetic association reaching genome-wide significance, there were four genomic loci that had suggestive association evidence for incident CVD with P&amp;lt;1.0x10-6. These include distinct variants in rs113067014 (intergenic) on chromosome 1 (chr1), rs1367414 (intron in PAX3) on chr2, rs11762253 (intron in AC004160.1) on chr7, and rs2837174 (intron in IGSF5) on chr21. When we investigated 184 previously validated coronary artery disease loci, 17 reached nominal significance of P&amp;lt;0.05 with consistent direction of association. A polygenic score (PS) comprised of these 184 variants was significantly associated with risk of CVD in T2D patients (HR 1.20 per s.d. increase in PS, P=6.6x10-16). In summary, we have implemented survival GWAS analysis to investigate genetic risk factors for incident CVD in patients with T2D. However, further increase in sample size is required to identify molecular features leading to increased CVD risk among individuals with T2D. Disclosure S. Kwak: None. J.M. Mercader: None. A. Leong: None. B. Porneala: None. P. Wu: None. J.B. Cole: None. J. Merino: None. K. Park: None. N.H. Cho: None. J. Dupuis: Consultant; Self; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp. J.C. Florez: Advisory Panel; Self; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Other Relationship; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Park Street School. J.B. Meigs: Consultant; Self; Quest Diagnostics.
Comparative genomics of two inbred lines of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis reveals disparate effector family-specific diversification patterns (2021)

Two novel reference genomes allow for nearly complete inventories of effector diversification and physical organisation within and between pathotypes. Combined with insights we provide on effector family-specific diversification patterns, this constitutes a basis for an effectorome-based virulence scheme for this notorious pathogen.