gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement Of Adsorbed Moisture Concentration On Various Kinds Of Solid Surfaces By Using Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride (2005)

We have studied a new measurement method of moisture molecule concentrations adsorbed on solid surface by using Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride(AHF) that was able to dissolve adsorbed moisture molecules and dissociate them to ions. After adsorbed moisture molecules on solid surface was dissolved into AHF, the amount of dissolved moisture were then determined by measuring the variation of electric conductivity of AHF. This new measurement method made it possible to measure the moisture molecule concentrations adsorbed on solid surfaces exposed to the atmosphere having high moisture concentrations. It has been found that the amount of adsorbed moisture molecule concentrations on solid surfaces in the atmosphere with 1% at 25 C is 2.5x1016 molecules/cm 2 in equilibrium.
Analytic Toolbox for White-Box Implementations: Limitation and Perspectives. (2014)

Abstract. White-box cryptography is an obfuscation technique to protect the secret key in the software implementations even if an adversary has full access to the implementation of the encryption algorithm and full control over its execution platforms. This concept was presented in 2002 by Chow et al., and since then there have been many proposals to give solutions for the white-box cryptography. However, the progress does not seem to be substantial in spite of its practical importance. In fact, it is repeated that as a proposal on white-box implementation is announced, an attack of this implementation with lower complexity followed soon. It is mainly because most cryptanalytic methods were just targeted to some specific implementations and there is no general attack tool for the white-box cryptography. In this paper, we present a general analytic toolbox for white-box implementations which extracts the secret information obfuscated in the implementation. For a general SLT cipher on n bits with S-boxes on m bits, one can remove the nonlinear encodings with complexity O ( n mQ 23mQ) using our attack tool, if mQ-bit nonlinear encodings are used to obfuscate input/output values in the implementation. Also, one can recover the affine encoding A in time O ( n m ·mA323m) using our extended affine equivalence algorithm (EAEA), if the inverse of the encoded round function F on n bits is given, where mA is the smallest integer p such that A or its similar matrix obtained by permuting rows and columns is a block diagonal matrix with a p × p matrix as a block. To avoid our attack, we need to consider a special encoding of large mA, up to n. This results in storage blowing up in general. We suggest one approach with special affine encodings of mA = n that saves storage. In that case, the EAEA has the complexity O min
Diagnostic value of renal perfusion in patients with chronic kidney disease using 3D arterial spin labeling (2017)

1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:589-594.
Evaluation of a Novel Polyimide for Use as a Low-Loss, Low Dielectric Constant Interlayer in Electronic Packaging Applications (1998)

Low molecular weight fluorinated polyimide oligomers have been synthesized with controlled molecular weight and thermally cured under an inert atmosphere to produce low dielectric constant materials. Prior to curing, several of the fully imidized oligomers exhibited excellent solubility and low solution viscosity in NMP at concentrations as high as 40-50 weight percent. The relatively low viscosity and high flow properties should lead to good planarity. After curing, ductile films were obtained which displayed a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of well over 300°C with a significant elastic modulus above Tg. The cured films also demonstrated excellent solvent resistance. This was in contrast to previously reported fluorinated imide systems, which have desirable properties, but very poor solvent resistance. Additionally, preliminary observations suggested that the new polyimide materials may adhere well to copper, silicon and other polyimide films when cured on these substrates. Confirmation of low dielectric constant behavior was obtained from preliminary refractive index measurements of a film which gave a value of 1.584, The low estimated dielectric constant of the new fluorinated polyimide endorses its use as an interlayer dielectric in MCM-D applications. Circuit structures utilizing this material would display lower propagation delays, making them ideal for high-speed digital electronics.
Efficient GA-inspired macro-modeling of general LTI multi-port systems (2005)

A numerically robust sampling and rational fitting method is introduced, that models the entire state-space matrix of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. The algorithm adaptively builds an accurate rational pole-residue model, based on a minimal set of support samples. During the modeling process, no prior knowledge of the system's dynamics is required. The "survival-of-the-fittest" principle of a genetic algorithm (GA) provides a reliable way to detect convergence of the modeling process.
A modified EVA/DD algorithm for the equalization of non-constant modulus signals based on eigen analysis of cross-cumulants (2003)

This paper presents a modified approach for enhancing the performance of the eigenvector approach (EVA) based on the cross-cumulants criterion for blindly equalizing non-constant modulus signals. The EVA algorithm depends only on the known statistical properties of the data source. The modified approach presented in this paper takes into account the extra information about the known constellation alphabet of the data source through utilizing the decision directed (DD) algorithm. It is shown with simulation that this extra information will dramatically enhance the performance of the modified EVA/DD equalizer.
A Simple MOSFET Model Suitable for Fast Timing Analysis (2007)

We present a simple MOSFET model which represents a MOSFET as a gate-modulated resistance. Such a model leads to a special structure in the circuit equations which lends itself to rapid evaluation. In spite of its simplicity, the model makes excellent predictions of waveform propagation with a minimum of characterization effort. The parameters of the model are well-correlated with major technology variables, making the model potentially suitable for applications such as variability prediction. The purpose of this model is to provide a basis for analytical work, with special emphasis on timing analysis. This is an area which is currently difficult due to the complexity of current MOSFET models. So after introducing the model, and explaining how it can be characterized, we will propose several application we believe to be good prospects for future research.
Production of Aldonic Acids by Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis (2017)

Conventional methods for the synthesis of aldonic acids are typically expensive and complex, generate contaminated water, and generally yield a low purity of the products. In this work, the bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) process was used as an environmentally friendly and efficient method to produce aldonic acids (lactobionic acid and gluconic acid as examples). The influence of cell configuration and current efficiency was investigated. The BMED process was further evaluated on the basis of energy consumption and current efficiency. The experimental results show that the two studied cell configurations (two compartment cell configuration and multichamber cell configuration) were viable to increase the concentration of aldonic acids to a satisfactory level. The multichamber cell configuration stack, consisting of two cation exchange membranes in conjunction with a bipolar membrane, was found more suitable to produce gluconic acid due to lower energy consumption, higher current efficiency, and higher conversion rate. The process with a multichamber cell configuration could increase product conversion rate by about 3.5% and current efficiency by about 4.1% by comparing with the two compartment cell configuration at the same operation conditions, with a minor increase in the energy consumption of below 0.5%.
Meta-Analysis of Mid- p -Values: Some New Results based on the Convex Order (2018)

The mid-<i>p</i>-value is a proposed improvement on the ordinary <i>p</i>-value for the case where the test statistic is partially or completely discrete. In this case, the ordinary <i>p</i>-value is conservative, meaning that its null distribution is larger than a uniform distribution on the unit interval, in the usual stochastic order. The mid-<i>p</i>-value is not conservative. However, its null distribution is dominated by the uniform distribution in a different stochastic order, called the convex order. The property leads us to discover some new finite-sample and asymptotic bounds on functions of mid-<i>p</i>-values, which can be used to combine results from different hypothesis tests conservatively, yet more powerfully, using mid-<i>p</i>-values rather than <i>p</i>-values. Our methodology is demonstrated on real data from a cyber-security application.
Master/Slave Speculative Parallelization (2003)

Master/Slave Speculative Parallelization (MSSP) is an execution paradigm for improving the execution rate of sequential programs by parallelizing them speculatively for execution on a multiprocessor. In MSSP one processor - the master - executes an approximate version of the program to compute selected values that the full program's execution is expected to compute. The master's results are checked by slave processors that execute the original program. This validation is parallelized by cutting the program's execution into tasks. Each slave uses its predicted inputs (as computed by the master) to validate the input predictions of the next task, inductively validating the entire execution. The performance of MSSP is largely determined by the execution rate of the approximate program. Since approximate code has no correctness requirements (in essence it is a software value predictor), it can be optimized more effectively than traditionally generated code. It is free to sacrifice correctness in the uncommon case to maximize performance in the common case. A simulation-based evaluation of an initial MSSP implementation achieves speedups of up to 1.7 (harmonic mean 1.25) on the SPEC2000 integer benchmarks. Performance is currently limited by the effectiveness with which our current automated infrastructure approximates programs, which can likely be improved significantly.
Preliminary evaluation of surface mesh modeling of system geometry, anatomy phantom, and source activity for GATE simulations (2018)

Simulation studies have been essential for development of SPECT imaging systems. GATE is one of the most commonly used simulation toolkits in nuclear medicine. This software package allows the users to build system geometries and phantoms based on primitive objects such as cylinder, sphere, and cube. However, modeling systems with complex geometry is challenging, if not impossible using these primitive volumes. The latest GATE release addressed this issue by allowing the users to import surface meshes created in a computer aided design software thus enabling accurate simulation of complex system or phantom geometries. In this study we present our GATE mesh-based simulations of a next-generation multi-pinhole SPECT system for the clinical brain imaging, called AdaptiSPECT-C. An additional challenge with the AdaptiSPECT-C is that the volume of the standard voxelized XCAT phantom overlaps with the spherical collimator plate. In order to address this issue, we developed a mesh modeling of the XCAT human phantom by directly using the native XCAT nurbs data, which also provided a more accurate representation of the anatomy. Two approaches for simulating mesh-based activity source were developed and evaluated. The first method consisted of using an acceptance/rejection criterion confining a cubical source into the mesh object and the second one was based on a conversion of a mesh-based volume into a voxelized object. Although the two strategies led to very similar results, the voxelized-mesh approach was significantly faster in computation time. We successfully imported and simulated in GATE a complete SPECT acquisition incorporating an STL representation of system, phantom anatomy, and activity source.
Spatio-temporal deep learning for automatic detection of intracranial vessel perforation in digital subtraction angiography during endovascular thrombectomy (2022)

Intracranial vessel perforation is a peri-procedural complication during endovascular therapy (EVT). Prompt recognition is important as its occurrence is strongly associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes. However, perforations can be hard to detect because they are rare, can be subtle, and the interventionalist is working under time pressure and focused on treatment of vessel occlusions. Automatic detection holds potential to improve rapid identification of intracranial vessel perforation. In this work, we present the first study on automated perforation detection and localization on X-ray digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image series. We adapt several state-of-the-art single-frame detectors and further propose temporal modules to learn the progressive dynamics of contrast extravasation. Application-tailored loss function and post-processing techniques are designed. We train and validate various automated methods using two national multi-center datasets (i.e., MR CLEAN Registry and MR CLEAN-NoIV Trial), and one international multi-trial dataset (i.e., the HERMES collaboration). With ten-fold cross-validation, the proposed methods achieve an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic of 0.93 in terms of series level perforation classification. Perforation localization precision and recall reach 0.83 and 0.70 respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed automatic solutions perform at similar level as an expert radiologist.
Application of Box–Behnken design in the preparation and optimization of fenofibrate-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) (2013)

This study was designed to optimize a fenofibrate-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) by using a response surface methodology. Box-Behnken design (BBD) and its desirability function were used to optimize the SMEDDS. The independent factors were the amounts of Labrafil M 1944 CS, Labrasol, and Capryol PGMC and the dependent variables were droplet size, cumulative percentage of drug released in 30 min and equilibrium solubility of fenofibrate in SMEDDS. Various response surface graphs were used to understand the effects of each factor, and the desirability function was then adjusted to optimize SMEDDS formulation. The experimental values of optimized formulation were in close agreement with predicted values. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic study of the optimized formulation showed significant increase in relative oral bioavailability compared to that of the powder suspension. In conclusion, the BBD demonstrated its effectiveness in optimizing the SMEDDS formulation and in identifying the effects of formulation variables.
Society of pediatric liver transplantation: Current registry status 2011‐2018 (2019)

A total of 1911 recipients from 39 participating centers in North America were registered. Indications included biliary atresia (38.5%), metabolic disease (19.1%), tumors (11.7%), and fulminant liver failure (11.5%). Greater than 50% of recipients were transplanted as either Status 1A/1B or with a MELD/PELD exception score. Incompatible transplants were performed in 4.1%. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 1-year patient and graft survival were 97.3% and 96.6%. First 30 days of surgical complications included reoperation (31.7%), hepatic artery thrombosis (6.3%), and portal vein thrombosis (3.2%). In the first 90 days, biliary tract complications were reported in 13.6%. Acute cellular rejection during first year was 34.7%. At 1 and 2 years of follow-up, 39.2% and 50.6% had normal liver tests on monotherapy (tacrolimus or sirolimus). Further surgical, survival, allograft function, and complications are detailed.
Mollaret Meningitis (1976)

Three cases of benign, recurrent meningitis of Mollaret demonstrated unusual aspects of this disease. Postpartum pituitary necrosis was an antecedent event in one case. A second case occurred in an otherwise healthy 82-year-old woman, and a third patient was thought to have<i>Histoplasma</i>meningitis. The pathophysiology of Mollaret meningitis remains an enigma, and the therapy consists of supportive care. (<i>JAMA</i>236:1967-1969, 1976)
Smoldering multiple myeloma requiring treatment: time for a new definition? (2013)

Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) bridges the gap between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (a mostly premalignant disorder) and active multiple myeloma (MM). Until recently, no interventional study in patients with SMM showed improved overall survival (OS) with therapy as compared with observation. A report from the PETHEMA-GEM (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematologica) group described both fewer myeloma-related events and better OS among patients with high-risk SMM who were treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. This unique study prompted us to review current knowledge about SMM and address the following questions: (1) Are there patients currently defined as SMM who should be treated routinely? (2) Should the definitions of SMM and MM be reconsidered? (3) Has the time come when not treating is more dangerous than treating? (4) Could unintended medical harm result from overzealous intervention? Our conclusion is that those patients with the highest-risk SMM (extreme bone marrow plasmacytosis, extremely abnormal serum immunoglobulin free light chain ratio, and multiple bone lesions detected only by modern imaging) should be reclassified as active MM so that they can receive MM-appropriate therapy and the paradigm of careful observation for patients with SMM can be preserved.
20. T (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessEncyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth edition20. TAuthors: Robert E. SheriffRobert E. SheriffProfessor, University of Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.cht SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chtFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth editionISBN (print):978-1-56080-118-4ISBN (online):978-1-56080-296-9Copyright: 2002 Pages: 442 publication data© 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2002 CITATION INFORMATION Robert E. Sheriff, (2002), "20. T," Geophysical References Series : 347-371. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.cht Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Model predictive control of a fuel cell-based power unit (2017)

Fuel cell is an attractive alternative to generate clean electricity for many industrial applications. This paper discusses model predictive control (MPC) of a fuel cell-based power unit (FC-PU) for vehicular applications. The MPC improves the transient response of the FC-PU. In this FC-PU, a unidirectional converter controls the current of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, and a bidirectional converter controls the output DC link voltage by regulating the battery current. The proposed MPC structure in the continuous control set (CCS) scheme has a fixed switching frequency and employs two different sampling frequencies to provide MPC for both inner and outer control loops. This controller provides a fast response to the changes in the reference values of the control variables or system transients such as load transients. It is also robust against parameter mismatch. Simulation results validate the proposed controller via several simulation case studies.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor Treatment Regresses Autochthonous <i>Brca2/p53</i>-Mutant Mammary Tumors <i>In vivo</i> and Delays Tumor Relapse in Combination with Carboplatin (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor Treatment Regresses Autochthonous &lt;i&gt;Brca2/p53&lt;/i&gt;-Mutant Mammary Tumors &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; and Delays Tumor Relapse in Combination with Carboplatin
Abstract 882: TMPRSS2-ERG drives global mistargeting of mammalian SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes in prostate cancer (2016)

Abstract Prostate cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men. Chromosomal rearrangements resulting in the fusion of the androgen regulated gene TMPRSS2 and the ETS-family transcription factor ERG occur in over 50% of all prostate cancer cases. Recent studies enabled by genome-wide methodologies have implicated altered epigenomic landscapes and changes in DNA accessibility as major contributors to ERG-driven oncogenesis, however the precise mechanism underlying the ERG transcriptional signature has to date remained unclear. Here we performed the first endogenous purification and SILAC-mass spectrometric analysis of ERG in TMPRSS2-ERG prostate cancer cells. Remarkably, we demonstrate that ERG directly interacts with the mammalian SWI/SNF (BAF) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, which was recently shown to be mutated in &amp;gt;20% of human malignancies. ERG co-localizes with BAF complexes genome-wide, resulting in specific ERG-dependent BAF complex targeting to sites enriched in known ERG, FOXA1, and HOXB13 motifs; additionally, loss of ERG in TMPRSS2-ERG driven cell lines results in dramatic retargeting of BAF complexes away from ERG-dependent sites, to sites enriched in known AR and CTCF motifs. Importantly, ERG-driven BAF complex retargeting contributes to activation of TMPRSS2-ERG prostate cancer gene expression signatures. We map the ERG-BAF interaction to a specific region within the ERG amino acid sequence and find that this region is required to bind BAF complexes. These studies reveal a novel, unexpected mechanism of action of ERG-driven oncogenesis and offers new strategies for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Gabriel J. Sandoval, John L. Pulice, David Y. Takeda, Monica A. Schenone, Marius Pop, Gaylor Boulay, Miguel N. Rivera, Lucienne Ronco, William C. Hahn, Cigall Kadoch. TMPRSS2-ERG drives global mistargeting of mammalian SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 882.
Silver Nanoparticles Compromise Neurodevelopment in PC12 Cells: Critical Contributions of Silver Ion, Particle Size, Coating, and Composition (2010)

AgNP exposure impairs neurodevelopment in PC12 cells. Further, AgNP effects are distinct from those of Ag+ alone and depend on size and coating, indicating that AgNP effects are not due simply to the release of Ag+ into the surrounding environment.
A Highly Active Molybdenum Phosphide Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis from CO and CO2 (2018)

Abstract Methanol is a major fuel and chemical feedstock currently produced from syngas, a CO/CO 2 /H 2 mixture. Herein we identify formate binding strength as a key parameter limiting the activity and stability of known catalysts for methanol synthesis in the presence of CO 2 . We present a molybdenum phosphide catalyst for CO and CO 2 reduction to methanol, which through a weaker interaction with formate, can improve the activity and stability of methanol synthesis catalysts in a wide range of CO/CO 2 /H 2 feeds.