gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Method of S-Alkylation of 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Derivatives with Trialkylphosphite (2016)

Asian Journal of Chemistry, a Multidisciplinary Chemistry Journal is an Peer Reviewed International Journal and publishes from India. The journal has been established since January 1989 on a firm foundation of International Quality Research. This Journal encompasses all branches of chemistry and its sub – disciplines like Pharmaceutical, Biological activities of Synthetic Drugs, Environmental Chemistry, Biochemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Agricultural Chemistry, etc.
Non‐CRT Pacing in the Failing Heart: Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM) (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Key Points Introduction Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Effect of Piezoelectric Energy on Porcine Kidneys Using the EDAP LT.02 (1995)

EDAP International (Cambridge, Massachusetts) has developed a new piezoelectric lithotripter (LT.02) that differs from their earlier model (LT.01) in two important respects: method of stone visualization and available power. The LT.02 provides both in-line fluoroscopy as well as real time ultrasound. The maximum energy is 1400 Bar (compared with 1100 Bar in the LT.01). The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with the EDAP LT.02 piezoelectric lithotripter would cause significant renal injury in minipigs. Accordingly, 18 minipigs were divided into 3 groups of 6. Each group received a treatment of 20, 40 or 60 minutes; the power level and shock wave frequency were kept at maximal levels throughout the treatment period. Three pigs from each group were sacrificed at 72 hours (acute). The remaining 9 pigs were sacrificed 1 month following LT.02 treatment (chronic). Histopathologic analysis of the treated kidney revealed that 33% of the 9 acute pigs developed a small capsular hematoma, whereas 66% showed only a small parenchymal contusion ( < or = 1% of total renal volume). Among the chronic pigs, 66% had a small cortical scar, whereas 33% had no macroscopic pathology. Despite the differences in the number of shock waves delivered, these changes were evenly distributed among the 3 groups. Histologic acute changes included circumscribed areas of hemorrhagic infarction, vascular thrombosis with recanalization and focal tubular obstruction and damage. At 30 days, however, these acute injuries had completely resolved in 3 pigs and were only notable as minute areas of focal tubular loss in 6 pigs.
Time-resolved photoluminescence of quaternary AlInGaN-based multiple quantum wells (2002)

Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) dynamics has been studied in AlInGaN/AlInGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by a pulsed metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PMOCVD) procedure. The PL decay kinetics was found to be sensitive to the emission energy and temperature. The PL decay time increases with decreasing emission energy, which is a characteristic of localized carrier/exciton recombination due to alloy fluctuations. Its temperature dependence shows radiative recombination to be the dominant process at low temperatures, indicating a high quality of PMOCVD grown quaternary AlInGaN MQWs and establishing them as promising structures for the active region of deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes.
Nup153 and Nup98 bind the HIV-1 core and contribute to the early steps of HIV-1 replication (2013)

The early steps of HIV-1 replication involve the entry of HIV-1 into the nucleus, which is characterized by viral interactions with nuclear pore components. HIV-1 developed an evolutionary strategy to usurp the nuclear pore machinery and chromatin in order to integrate and efficiently express viral genes. We investigated the role of nucleoporins 153 and 98 (Nup153 and Nup98) in infection of human Jurkat lymphocytes by HIV-1. We showed that Nup153-depleted cells exhibited a defect in nuclear import, while depletion of Nup98 caused a slight defect in HIV integration. To explore the biochemical viral determinants for the requirement of Nup153 and Nup98 during HIV-1 infection, we tested the ability of these nucleoporins to interact with HIV-1 cores. Our findings showed that both nucleoporins bind HIV-1 cores suggesting that this interaction is important for HIV-1 nuclear import and/or integration. Distribution analysis of integration sites in Nup153-depleted cells revealed a reduced tendency of HIV-1 to integrate in intragenic sites. Nup153 depletion reduces HIV-1 integration preferences for chromosomal regions rich in genes and associated features such as CpG islands, DNAase I hypersensitive sites, thus suggesting that Nup153 influences HIV-1 integration in transcriptional units and in regions characterized by an open chromatin configuration. The surrounded chromatin to integrated provirus in part could account for the large infectivity defect observed in Nup153-depleted cells. Overall our work suggests that the defect on infectivity observed for Nup153-depleted cells is due to the contribution of Nup153 to nuclear import and integration, suggesting a link between these two steps.
Photogenerated base and chemical amplification: A new resist based on catalyzed decarboxylation (1993)

Since the concept of chemical amplification in microlithography was first developed in the early 1980`s, a number of new resists based on acid catalyzed thermolysis have been developed. This report describes the first chemically amplified resist operating on the basis of photogenerated base. The concept is demonstrated with poly(2-cyano-2(p-vinylphenyl)butanoic acid) which decarboxylates readily under basic conditions. A resist system consisting of this polymer and an amine photogenerator, bis[((2,6-dinitrobenzyl)oxy)carbonyl]hexan-1,6-diamine, was formulated. The sensitivity of this resist is 1.4 mJ/cm{sup 2} with a contrast ({gamma}) of 13.7. This high sensitivity confirms that chemical amplification is achieved as the photogenerated base is not consumed in the overall decarboxylation process. The mechanistic insights of the decarboxylation reaction in a polymer matrix will also be discussed.
Broadband transmission gratings with wide field of view based on efficient optimization of polynomial sidewall profiles (2011)

A new method for designing broadband transmission gratings with wide field of view for solar cell applications is proposed. The method is based on forming the sidewalls of the gratings according to polynomial functions. To achieve the optimal response, the roots of the polynomial are optimized. This method allows for generating complex sidewall profiles while keeping the number of variables at a manageable level. As an example a transmission filter for the visible band is designed that shows mean transmittance values of greater than 95% over the entire range for angles up to 60 degrees.
A micro-electromechanical model of ferroelectric materials with thermal and rate effects (2003)

A micro-electro-mechanical model of the behavior of piezoelectric ceramics including thermal, and rate effects is presented and compared to experimental data. Results include analytical and numerical investigations of the behavior of piezoelectric ceramics. The model is based on physical mechanisms and includes elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric anisotropy. Moreover, the model is based on an internal energy approach so that work-energy relations may be directly applied. Results from the model give insight into material behavior.
Differential Contribution of Monocytes to Heart Macrophages in Steady-State and After Myocardial Infarction (2014)

In this study, we show differential contribution of monocytes to heart macrophages during steady state, after macrophage depletion or in the acute and chronic phase after myocardial infarction. We found that macrophages participate in the immunosurveillance of myocardial tissue. These data correspond with previous studies on tissue-resident macrophages and raise important questions on the fate and function of macrophages during the development of heart failure.
Graphene oxide microspheres prepared by a simple, one-step ultrasonication method (2011)

We demonstrate herein a simple, one-step method for preparing stabilized microspheres of graphene oxide (GO), by applying ultra-sonic power to a biphasic system. The microsphere's size was affected by the pH of the aqueous solution, ranging from a few mm to μm. Further characterization indicated that the microsphere's inner content is composed mainly of organic solvents, though water and GO molecules may be also present at the microsphere's core. The microspheres were stable for several months without a significant conformation change. We predict that the stability arises from hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between the GO sheets and the solvents. Changing the organic solvent resulted in changes in the microsphere's morphology.
Isolation of a type C RNA virus from an established human histiocytic lymphoma cell line. (1977)

A type C RNA virus has been detected in the culture fluids of the SU-DHL-1 human histiocytic lymphoma cell line previously established in this laboratory. In electron micrographs, the virus closely resembled other typical mammalian type C RNA tumor viruses in size and morphology. Viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity has been demonstrated in particles (densities of 1.15 and 1.22 g/ml) in the microsomal cytoplasmic fraction and in pellets of culture fluids. The enzyme is partially inhibited by antibodies to the RNA-dependent DNA polymerases of simian sarcoma virus and RD-114 virus but not by antibody to the polymerase of murine leukemia virus, suggesting some degree of relatedness to type C viruses of subhuman primate origin. Typical syncytial microplaques were induced when SU-DHL-1 cells were cocultivated with rat XC cells. Although no focus formation was noted in similarly cocultivated mouse UC1-B cell cultures, the numbers of foci induced in rat embryo fibroblasts by murine sarcoma virus were significantly increased by coinfection with the virus from SU-DHL-1 cell culture fluids. No other evidence of infectivity, inducibility, or capacity for helper rescue of defective murine sarcoma virus genomes has been detected to date in cocultivation studies with a spectrum of fibroblastic and other nonlymphoid indicator cell lines of human and other species of origin.
Throughput optimization of precoded OFDM with hierarchical modulation (2013)

This paper investigates the throughput optimization of precoded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with hierarchical modulation. Using the asymptotic analysis approach we derive the limit bit error rate (BER) of the high priority and the low priority streams. We then use the effective Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) corresponding to each stream to calculate the aggregate throughput achieved by the system. We study the behavior of the throughput as a function of the two design parameters: the coding rate and the constellation ratio. Simulation results show that the asymptotic expressions provide a very good approximation of the BER and that the throughput can be maximized by choosing appropriate values for the design parameters. We conclude on when it is advantageous to use hierarchical modulation and on the optimal values of the constellation ratio and the coding rate to be used for each Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Towards an in-Vitro Liver Lobule Model (2015)

In-vitro culture of liver cells on bio-inspired chips., namely liver-on-chip, to form a 3D hepatic tissue morphologically close to its in-vivo counterpart is rapidly emerging for drug testing applications. This paper reports preliminary results towards fabrication of an in-vitro model of the smallest functional liver unit, which is the hepatic lobule. Simultaneous fabrication of out-of-plane micro-channels interconnected by in-plane nanometric-channels is demonstrated by electrochemical etching of n-type silicon in aqueous (48%) HF: (30%) H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> =1:1 (by vol.) electrolyte through the synergistic work of back-side illumination, avalanche breakdown, and high oxidizing power chemicals.
Inside Cover: Aldol Condensations Catalyzed by Basic Anion‐Exchange Resins (ChemCatChem 23/2016) (2016)

The Cover shows a cross aldol condensation over an ion-exchange resin to form pseuodionone, which has a scent similar to that of violets. In their Full Paper, W. Bonrath et al. demonstrate condensations of various aldehydes with ketones in the presence of anionic (basic) ion-exchange resins. The reactions were run in batch and continuous modes. Over 10 runs, no significant loss in activity and selectivity was observed for two of the tested resins. In continuous mode, a stable performance was noted for more than 15 h. More information can be found in the Full Paper by W. Bonrath et al. on page 3584 in Issue 23, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600867).
Dorcas Cummings Lecture (2016)

Thank you for that kind introduction, and thanks to all of you for giving up your late Saturday afternoon.I'm going to present
Time-Resolved Reflectance Diffuse Optical Tomography by using Mellin-Laplace Transform (2012)

International audience
Multiple voltage-supplies in TSV-based three-dimensional (3D) power distribution networks (2012)

It is important to understand how to deliver power into 3D heterogeneous systems, which require different power supplies for different components (e.g., digital, analog, mixed-signal, MEMS parts). This paper reports on a study for a simplified case, where the two power supplies with different voltage levels are uniformly distributed through a TSV-based 3D system. In addition to intrinsic voltage losses along the interconnections, we investigated for the first time the power noises due to electrical couplings between the multiple power supplies. We evaluated the through-silicon-via (TSV)-based 3D power delivery networks by combining the electromagnetic (EM) and SPICE simulations. With this hybrid approach, we first partitioned the 3D system into a number of elements, extracted the RLGC parasitics for each decomposed physical element, and imported them into an assembled system-level equivalent circuit to characterize the 3D power distribution networks.
Table S1 from Proteogenomics Uncovers a Vast Repertoire of Shared Tumor-Specific Antigens in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

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A low energy storage IPT system using AC processing controllers (2011)

This paper investigates a direct AC-AC IPT system which takes 50 Hz mains input and generates 50 Hz mains output without requiring a DC link in conventional systems. This technique is based on matrix converters giving advantages of low energy storage. The AC processing control concept is used to produce a controllable AC output. Preliminary simulation results have verified the operation of such a system.
Rule Induction in Knowledge Graphs Using Linear Programming (2023)

We present a simple linear programming (LP) based method to learn compact and interpretable sets of rules encoding the facts in a knowledge graph (KG) and use these rules to solve the KG completion problem. Our LP model chooses a set of rules of bounded complexity from a list of candidate first-order logic rules and assigns weights to them. The complexity bound is enforced via explicit constraints. We combine simple rule generation heuristics with our rule selection LP to obtain predictions with accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art codes, even while generating much more compact rule sets. Furthermore, when we take as input rules generated by other codes, we often improve interpretability by reducing the number of chosen rules, while maintaining accuracy.
Longitudinal control of heavy-duty vehicles for automated highway systems (2005)

We address the problem of longitudinal control design for the automated operation of heavy-duty vehicles. We present a longitudinal model of a heavy-duty truck equipped with a turbocharged intercooled diesel engine and a four speed automatic transmission. This model is built at a level of detail suitable for control design and is used to develop and compare, on the basis of simulation results, nonlinear controllers with fixed as well as adaptive gains for speed tracking. Then we turn our attention to the vehicle-following problem, in which an important control objective is string stability of closely spaced groups of vehicles (platoons). We design an adaptive nonlinear controller which generates both fuel and brake commands and yields string stability by using either a speed-dependent spacing policy or intervehicle communication.
Tracking of intertissue migration reveals the origins of tumor-infiltrating monocytes (2014)

Myeloid cells such as monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages promote tumor progression. Recent reports suggest that extramedullary hematopoiesis sustains a sizable reservoir of tumor-infiltrating monocytes in the spleen. However, the influence of the spleen on tumor development and the extent to which spleen monocytes populate the tumor relative to bone marrow (BM) monocytes remain controversial. Here, we used mice expressing the photoconvertible protein Kikume Green-Red to track the redistribution of monocytes from the BM and spleen, and mice expressing fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator proteins to monitor active hematopoiesis in these tissues. In mice bearing late-stage tumors, the BM, besides being the major site of monocyte production, supplied the expansion of the spleen reservoir, replacing 9% of spleen monocytes every hour. Deployment of monocytes was equally rapid from the BM and the spleen. However, BM monocytes were younger than those in the spleen and were 2.7 times more likely to migrate into the tumor from the circulation. Partly as a result of this intrinsic difference in migration potential, spleen monocytes made only a minor contribution to the tumor-infiltrating monocyte population. At least 27% of tumor monocytes had traveled from the BM in the last 24 h, compared with only 2% from the spleen. These observations highlight the importance of the BM as the primary hematopoietic tissue and monocyte reservoir in tumor-bearing mice, despite the changes that occur in the spleen monocyte reservoir during tumor development.
Publishing Persistent Grid Computations as WS Resources (2006)

Grid services can be composed into processes, providing a high level definition of the computations involved in terms of their data exchanges and control flow dependencies. In this paper we show how processes themselves can be efficiently published as grid services by mapping the persistent state of the process executions to standard compliant interfaces as defined by the Web Services Resource Framework (WS-RF). Mapping processes to resources is a fundamental step to enable recursive Grid service composition, where composite grid services are themselves published as services. This gives processes a standardized and well-understood interface that enables their management, monitoring, steering and adaptation. Additionally it eases their reusability and simplifies integration into existing grid applications and portals. In order to determine the mapping's overhead, we include the results of a comprehensive performance evaluation.
Characterization of particle beds in percolating thermal underfills based on centrifugation (2014)

Heat dissipation in 3D chip stacks suffers from multiple thermal interfaces. The effective thermal resistance of the bond-line between individual dies, with the electrical interconnects can be minimized by the introduction of thermal conductive underfills. Up to now, only sequentially formed underfills result in true percolation and hence, thermal conductivities of more than 1 W/m-K. In this study, we report on various aspects to consider during the formation of percolating thermal underfills, by centrifugal filling of micron-sized particles and the subsequent backfilling of an epoxy by capillary action. Particle assemblies within silicon-glass cavities were investigated for mono and poly-dispersed spherical and facetted particles with characteristic dimension in the range of 15 μm to 50 μm. Clogging of particles between silicon pillars could be mitigated at low particle fluxes dispensed by the hour glass principle. Particle shadowing behind the silicon pillars could be eliminated by ultrasonic agitation. Finally, close to crystalline phases could be identified for the mono-dispersed particles, compared to a random packing for the poly-dispersed particles. The effective pore diameter of the particle beds was experimentally derived from a backfilling experiment with viscosity standards. A normalized pore diameter of 0.15, 0.17 to 0.20 and 0.11 was observed for mono and poly-dispersed spherical and facetted particles, respectively. The backfill dynamics can be predicted with those values and the Washburn equation. Cavities filled with particles down to 30 μm diameter could be filled completely with the available low viscosity epoxy system. Finally, we report on the re-arrangement of filler particles due to capillary action and viscous drag, during the backfilling process. Defects are minimal for fluids of low surface tension and high viscosity. Hence, only 1 area-% of defects were observed from the infiltration of epoxies.
DFT-Spread OFDM with Frequency Domain Reference Symbols (2017)

The fifth generation (5G) wireless standard will support several new use cases and 10 to 100 times the performance of fourth generation (4G) systems. Because of the diverse applications for 5G, flexible solutions which can address conflicting requirements will be needed. In this paper, we propose a solution which enables the use of discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) and OFDM, which address different requirements, using a common low-complexity reference symbol (RS) design. In this solution, the DFT-s-OFDM symbol contains RSs in the frequency domain that may be shared by a subsequent OFDM symbol. The proposed scheme is generated by puncturing the output of a DFT-spread block and replacing the punctured samples with RSs in frequency. We prove that puncturing the interleaved samples at the output of the DFT-spread operation equivalently introduces a periodic interference to the data symbols at the input of the DFT-spread operation. We show that the interference due to the puncturing can be removed with a low-complexity receiver by exploiting the zeros inserted to certain locations before the DFT-spread block at the transmitter. Simulation results support that the proposed scheme removes the error floor caused by the puncturing and achieves lower peak-to- average-power ratio than OFDM.
An investigation of the effect of carbon support on ruthenium/carbon catalysts for lactic acid and butanone hydrogenation (2016)

A series of ruthenium catalysts supported on two different carbons were tested for the hydrogenation of lactic acid to 1,2-propanediol and butanone to 2-butanol. The properties of the carbon supports were investigated by inelastic neutron scattering and correlated with the properties of the ruthenium deposited onto the carbons by wet impregnation or sol-immobilisation. It was noted that the rate of butanone hydrogenation was highly dependent on the carbon support, while no noticeable difference in rates was observed between different catalysts for the hydrogenation of lactic acid.
Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography Analysis of B-Scan Mode Geometry (2006)

A fluorescence diffuse optical tomography system capable of producing B-scan-type images of localized fluorescence regions is presented. The B-Scan mode is analogous to ultrasound where the excitation and remission signals are delivered from the tissue surface.