gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A calculus for privacy-friendly authentication (2012)

Establishing authentic channels has become a common operation on the Internet and electronic commerce would not be possible without it. Because traditionally authentication is based on identifying users, the success of electronic commerce causes rapid erosion of their privacy. Privacy-friendly authentication, such as group signatures or anonymous credential systems, could mitigate this issue minimizing the information released during an authentication operation. Unfortunately, privacy-friendly authentication systems are not yet deployed. One reason is their sophistication and feature richness, which is complicating their understanding. By providing a calculus for analyzing and comparing the requirements and goals of privacy-friendly authentication systems, we contribute to a better understanding of such technologies. Our calculus extends the one by Maurer and Schmid [18], by introducing: (1) pseudonyms to enable pseudonymous authentication, (2) a pseudonym annotation function denoting the information an entity reveals about itself, and (3) event-based channel conditions to model conditional release of information used for privacy-friendly accountability.
Topology Optimization of Thermal Heat Sinks (2015)

In this paper, topology optimization is applied to optimize the cooling performance of thermal heat sinks. The coupled two-dimensional thermofluid model of a heat sink cooled with forced convection and a density-based topology optimization including density filtering and projection are implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics. The optimization objective is to minimize the heat sink’s temperature for a prescribed pressure drop and fixed heat generation. To conduct the optimization, COMSOL’s Optimization Module with GCMMA as the optimization method is used. The implementation of this topology optimization approach in COMSOL Multiphysics is described in this paper and results for optimized two-dimensional heat sinks are presented. Furthermore, parameter studies regarding the effect of the prescribed pressure drop of the system on Reynolds number and realized heat sink temperature are presented and discussed.
Effects of composition deviation of CuAl2 on BTS and TDDB reliability (2021)

In this paper, we report the property and reliability of CuAl <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and its effects of compositional shift within ±5%. Resistivity was found to be 7–8 μΩ· cm after annealing at 400 °C, even with compositional shift. Capacitance–Voltage (C–V) after Bias Thermal Stress (BTS) test showed no shift of flat–band voltage under the condition of 3.0 MV/cm × 30 min at 250 °C. Time–Dependent–Dielectric–Breakdown (TDDB) evaluation showed that the reliability is better than that of conventional Cu/TaN interconnects.
Small scale tests and numerical modeling of fire perfomance for electrical cable (2015)

Title:14th International Conference and Exhibition on Fire and Materials 2015 Desc:Proceedings of a meeting held 2-4 February 2015, San Francisco, California, USA. ISBN:9781510814103 Pages:1,057 (2 Vols) Format:Softcover TOC:View Table of Contents Publ:Grayson Franks Ltd POD Publ:Curran Associates, Inc. ( May 2016 )
Angular distributions and quantum beats of photoelectrons from resonant two-photon ionization of lithium (1983)

Angular distributions of photoelectrons from resonant two-photon ionization via the $2p$ $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ or $2p$ $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state of lithium have been measured. The quantum beats of hyperfine levels strongly affect the angular distribution. Three microscopic parameters are extracted: the ratio of the radial matrix elements from $2p$ excited states to $l=0 \mathrm{and} 2$ final states, the difference of the phase shifts of the continuum electrons in final channels, and a time-dependent parameter for hyperfine interaction. The experimental results agree with theoretical quantum-defect calculation and extrapolated bound-state data.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Coordination Chemistry (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis of CdSe/CdTe Nanobarbells (2006)

Synthesis of monodisperse samples of CdSe nanorods with CdTe tips is achieved using the mechanism of rod nucleated growth to form CdSe/CdTe nanobarbells. This synthesis produces a nanocrystal displaying "type-II" behavior with a morphology that is particularly well suited for internal exciton separation and carrier transport.
Exploration of Amorphous and Crystalline Tri‐Magnesium Phosphates for Bone Cements (2015)

Calcium phosphate cements have previously been used for bone void repair applications, but recent advances suggest magnesium phosphate cements to be a better alternative. Compared to calcium phosphate cements, magnesium phosphate cements display greater initial strengths following cement reaction, as well as resorption time frames more appropriate for clinical application. This study involved the synthesis and characterization of amorphous, semi-crystalline, and crystalline tri-magnesium phosphate powders and the subsequent generation of cements to test their functionality. The magnesium phosphate powders were synthesized using an aqueous precipitation reaction followed by thermal treatment, and characterization involving x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A 3.0M, pH 7.0 solution of ammonium phosphate was combined with the magnesium phosphate powder, resulting in a cementing reaction leading to a cement whose setting time, stability and pH in phosphate buffered saline solution were all documented. The amorphous and partially amorphous powders were perceived to be significantly more reactive with the reacting solution, whereas the crystalline tri-magnesium phosphate powder produced mechanically stronger cements. Incubation of the cements in phosphate buffered saline produced substantial changes in phase and morphology validated by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. These alterations negatively affected the stability of the amorphous and semi-amorphous cements, without significantly influencing the crystalline cements. The results of this study recommend crystalline tri-magnesium phosphate cements to be the best material to be explored as bone void fillers since they demonstrated the most clinically appropriate setting times, the highest mechanical strength, and a neutral pH in saline solution incubation.
From the President: The Return to “Normal” Must Be a Call to Action (2021)

2020 is a year that will live in infamy. The global pandemic has disrupted the lives and livelihood of almost everyone on the planet, and worse yet, killed millions. Thanks to science, death rates have dropped, and vaccines have been found that will slow and hopefully end the spread of this horrible disease. Life will return to “normal;” but what will that new “normal” be? I look forward to finally seeing my colleagues in person, in Orlando, at the 240th ECS Meeting this fall, but assume that in this new “normal” there will be a virtual component and some level of “distancing.”
Tumour necrosis factor-α-induced phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 are abrogated by an inhibitor of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in human neutrophils (1996)

The role of the newly identified p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) in terminally differentiated cells, such as human neutrophils, is totally unknown. In order to examine the possible role of this MAP kinase in the phosphorylation and activation of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), we tested the effect of the recently synthesized inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, SB 203580, on the phosphorylation and activation of both p38 MAP kinase and cPLA2. We found that while tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase is affected only slightly by SB 203580, its stimulated kinase activity is greatly reduced in human neutrophils in suspension treated with this inhibitor. Furthermore, the TNF-alpha-stimulated phosphorylation and activation of cPLA2 are completely abolished in cells treated with SB 203580. Based on these data, it is reasonable to conclude that an SB 203580-sensitive kinase, or kinases and/or phosphatases, are involved in the phosphorylation and activation of cPLA2 in intact human neutrophils in suspension stimulated by TNF-alpha. The possible role of the p38 MAP kinase cascade in the phosphorylation and activation of cPLA2 is discussed.
Changes of a non-specific defence mechanism in blood serum of piglets induced by prenatal and postnatal administration of alpha-ketoglutarate (2007)

The aim of this study was to establish the influence of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), administered to pregnant sows from the 91(SI) d of pregnancy to farrowing, and then to piglets from birth to the 30(th) d of life, on lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activity, serum total protein content, and the WBC counts in blood of piglets, at the age of the 14(th) and 30(th) d of their postnatal life. The sows were treated per os with AKG at the dosage of 0.4 g/kg b.w. every day, whereas those of the controls were given saline. Piglets born by sows treated with AKG were divided into two groups: the first group was administered orally saline (AKG/PhS group) and the second group received orally AKG at the dosage of 0.4 g/kg b.w./d (AKG/AKG group), during 30 d of their postnatal life. Administration of AKG to sows during pregnancy increased lysozyme activity in piglets at the age of the 30(th) d, which reached the value 7.07 mg/L, while that in the controls was 3.90 mg/L. Ceruloplasmin activity decreased during the first 14 d of life in piglets that received AKG as a continuation of the prenatal procedure. At the age of 14 d, ceruloplasmin activity decreased to 90.96 IU/L in comparison with the 117.95 IU/L of the controls, while the level of total protein was higher (71.83 g/L) than that of the controls (64.23 g/L). There is still limited information about the relationship between exposure to AKG during foetal, and/or early postnatal life and altered postnatal immune function in piglets.
Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media (2013)

Optical transmission through complex media such as biological tissue is fundamentally limited by multiple light scattering. Precise control of the optical wavefield potentially holds the key to advancing a broad range of light-based techniques and applications for imaging or optical delivery. We present a simple and robust digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) implementation for suppressing multiple light scattering. Utilizing wavefront shaping via a spatial light modulator (SLM), we demonstrate its turbidity-suppression capability by reconstructing the image of a complex two-dimensional wide-field target through a highly scattering medium. Employing an interferometer with a Sagnac-like ring design, we successfully overcome the challenging alignment and wavefront-matching constraints in DOPC, reflecting the requirement that the forward- and reverse-propagation paths through the turbid medium be identical. By measuring the output response to digital distortion of the SLM write pattern, we validate the sub-wavelength sensitivity of the system.
Envelope glycoprotein gp50 of pseudorabies virus is essential for virus entry but is not required for viral spread in mice (1993)

Phenotypically complemented pseudorabies virus gp50 null mutants are able to produce plaques on noncomplementing cell lines despite the fact that progeny virions are noninfectious. To determine whether gp50 null mutants and gp50+gp63 null mutants are also able to replicate and spread in animals, mice were infected subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. Surprisingly, both gp50 mutants and gp50+gp63 double mutants proved to be lethal for mice. In comparison with the wild-type virus, gp50 mutants were still highly virulent, whereas the virulence of gp50+gp63 mutants was significantly reduced. Severe signs of neurological disorders, notably pruritus, were apparent in animals infected with the wild-type virus or a gp50 mutant but were much less pronounced in animals infected with a gp50+gp63 or gp63 mutant. Immunohistochemical examination of infected animals showed that all viruses were able to reach, and replicate in, the brain. Examination of visceral organs of intraperitoneally infected animals showed that viral antigen was predominantly present in peripheral nerves, suggesting that the viruses reached the central nervous system by means of retrograde axonal transport. Infectious virus could not be recovered from the brains and organs of animals infected with gp50 or gp50+gp63 mutants, indicating that progeny virions produced in vivo are noninfectious. Virions that lacked gp50 in their envelopes, and a phenotypically complemented pseudorabies virus gII mutant (which is unable to produce plaques in tissue culture cells), proved to be nonvirulent for mice. Together, these results show that gp50 is required for the primary infection but not for subsequent replication and viral spread in vivo. These results furthermore indicate that transsynaptic transport of the virus is independent of gp50. Since progeny virions produced by gp50 mutants are noninfectious, they are unable to spread from one animal to another. Therefore, such mutants may be used for the development of a new generation of safer (carrier) vaccines.
Effect of Temperature on Shear‐Induced Anisotropic Structure in Polymer Clay Hydrogels (2006)

Abstract Summary: Shear‐induced orientation of nanoparticles in poly(ethylene oxide)/Laponite RD hydrogels has been investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). As temperature is reduced, anisotropy develops at lower shear rates. The two‐correlation length Debye–Anderson–Brumberger (DAB) model provides a good fit to the experimental data. The deduced short‐range correlation length (≈5 nm) is observed to increase with shear. The long‐range correlation length (≈50 nm) shows a strong directional dependence, and decreases when shear is applied. The relative contribution of long‐range order to the SANS intensity is observed to increase with shear and decrease with temperature. SANS anisotropy |( I y − I x )/( I y + I x )| as a function of shear rate and q at 2 °C. magnified image SANS anisotropy |( I y − I x )/( I y + I x )| as a function of shear rate and q at 2 °C.
Rational Design and Optimization of a Novel Class of Macrocyclic Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Inhibitors (2019)

Structural analysis of a known apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor bound to its kinase domain led to the design and synthesis of the novel macrocyclic inhibitor <b>8</b> (cell IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.2 μM). The profile of this compound was optimized for CNS penetration following two independent strategies: a rational design approach leading to <b>19</b> and a parallel synthesis approach leading to <b>26</b>. Both analogs are potent ASK1 inhibitors in biochemical and cellular assays (<b>19</b>, cell IC<sub>50</sub> = 95 nM; <b>26</b>, cell IC<sub>50</sub> = 123 nM) and have moderate to low efflux ratio (ER) in an MDR1-MDCK assay (<b>19</b>, ER = 5.2; <b>26</b>, ER = 1.5). In vivo PK studies revealed that inhibitor <b>19</b> had moderate CNS penetration (<i>K</i><sub>puu</sub> = 0.17) and analog <b>26</b> had high CNS penetration (<i>K</i><sub>puu</sub> = 1.0).
Development of High Efficiency HCCI Engine Running on DME (2004)

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is supposed to achieve high thermal efficiency and low emissions. In this study, a new closed loop control system for HCCI engines is suggested to make it practical application. Amount of internal EGR, amount of external EGR and mass of input fuel are used as control factors. And an HCCI engine running on Di-Methyl Ether (DME), which applies the system, is developed. This paper shows the effectiveness of the system confirmed by experimental result and some governing equations. In the result, in-cylinder gas temperature needs to be controlled strictly and the constructed control system is totally available.
Data from T Cells Promote Metastasis by Regulating Extracellular Matrix Remodeling following Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite intense efforts to understand the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process, treatment of metastatic cancer is still challenging. Here we describe a chemotherapy-induced, host-mediated mechanism that promotes remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), ultimately facilitating cancer cell seeding and metastasis. Paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy enhanced rapid ECM remodeling and mechanostructural changes in the lungs of tumor-free mice, and the protein expression and activity of the ECM remodeling enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) increased in response to PTX. A chimeric mouse model harboring genetic LOX depletion revealed chemotherapy-induced ECM remodeling was mediated by CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells expressing LOX. Consistently, adoptive transfer of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells, but not CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells or B cells, from PTX-treated mice to naïve immunodeprived mice induced pulmonary ECM remodeling. Lastly, in a clinically relevant metastatic breast carcinoma model, LOX inhibition counteracted the metastasis-promoting, ECM-related effects of PTX. This study highlights the role of immune cells in regulating ECM and metastasis following chemotherapy, suggesting that inhibiting chemotherapy-induced ECM remodeling represents a potential therapeutic strategy for metastatic cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Chemotherapy induces prometastatic pulmonary ECM remodeling by upregulating LOX in T cells, which can be targeted with LOX inhibitors to suppress metastasis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/doi/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-3795" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Kolonin and Woodward, p. 197&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Update on the molecular genetics of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (1988)

Three separate lines of evidence led to the assignment of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene to the 21.2 band on the short arm of the X chromosome. A portion of the putative gene, thought to extend over 1-2 million base pairs has been recently cloned. DNA probes from the Xp21.2 region detect large deletions in 5-20% DMD boys and are presumed to lead to the DMD phenotype in those individuals. Deletions have also been noted in the DNA of patients with Becker muscular dystrophy. These exciting developments have a direct bearing on carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Prenatal diagnosis in deletion families approaches greater than 99% accuracy and can be utilized to save 50% of normal male fetuses carried by carrier mothers who would otherwise choose to abort all male fetuses.
Altered Response Hierarchy and Increased T-Cell Breadth upon HIV-1 Conserved Element DNA Vaccination in Macaques (2014)

HIV sequence diversity and potential decoy epitopes are hurdles in the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. A DNA vaccine candidate comprising of highly conserved p24(gag) elements (CE) induced robust immunity in all 10 vaccinated macaques, whereas full-length gag DNA vaccination elicited responses to these conserved elements in only 5 of 11 animals, targeting fewer CE per animal. Importantly, boosting CE-primed macaques with DNA expressing full-length p55(gag) increased both magnitude of CE responses and breadth of Gag immunity, demonstrating alteration of the hierarchy of epitope recognition in the presence of pre-existing CE-specific responses. Inclusion of a conserved element immunogen provides a novel and effective strategy to broaden responses against highly diverse pathogens by avoiding decoy epitopes, while focusing responses to critical viral elements for which few escape pathways exist.
Density-tunable lightweight polymer composites with dual-functional ability of efficient EMI shielding and heat dissipation (2017)

Lightweight dual-functional materials with high EMI shielding performance and thermal conductivity are of great importance in modern cutting-edge applications, such as mobile electronics, automotive, aerospace, and military. Unfortunately, a clear material solution has not emerged yet. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and effective way to fabricate lightweight metal-based polymer composites with dual-functional ability of excellent EMI shielding effectiveness and thermal conductivity using expandable polymer bead-templated Cu hollow beads. The low-density Cu hollow beads (ρ ∼ 0.44 g cm<sup>-3</sup>) were fabricated through electroless plating of Cu on the expanded polymer beads with ultralow density (ρ ∼ 0.02 g cm<sup>-3</sup>). The resulting composites that formed a continuous 3D Cu network with a very small Cu content (∼9.8 vol%) exhibited excellent EMI shielding (110.7 dB at 7 GHz) and thermal conductivity (7.0 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>) with isotropic features. Moreover, the densities of the composites are tunable from 1.28 to 0.59 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in accordance with the purpose of their applications. To the best of our knowledge, the resulting composites are the best lightweight dual-functional materials with exceptionally high EMI SE and thermal conductivity performance among synthetic polymer composites.
DenseCut: Densely Connected CRFs for Realtime GrabCut (2015)

Figure-ground segmentation from bounding box input, provided either automatically or manually, has been extremely popular in the last decade and influenced various applications. A lot of research has focused on high-quality segmentation, using complex formulations which often lead to slow techniques, and often hamper practical usage. In this paper we demonstrate a very fast segmentation technique which still achieves very high quality results. We propose to replace the time consuming iterative refinement of global colour models in traditional GrabCut formulation by a densely connected crf. To motivate this decision, we show that a dense crf implicitly models unnormalized global colour models for foreground and background. Such relationship provides insightful analysis to bridge between dense crf and GrabCut functional. We extensively evaluate our algorithm using two famous benchmarks. Our experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm achieves an order of magnitude (10×) speed-up with respect to the closest competitor, and at the same time achieves a considerably higher accuracy.
(Invited) Strained SiGe on Insulator FinFETs: a P-FET Candidate for 10nm Node (2014)

Performance enhancement using conventional stress elements such as stress liners or embedded source/drain is significantly challenged at extremely tight gate pitch, required for 10nm node and beyond. This issue is more pronounced for non-planar architectures such as FinFETs, especially those made on SOI substrates. SiGe has been utilized in CMOS industry, such as IBM SOI 32nm and 22nm generations, as a knob to adjust the PFET threshold voltage and performance enhancement. Prior work on planar ET-SOI-like FETs clearly demonstrates that the built-in compression in strained-Si 1-x Ge x (s-SiGe) layers plays a significant role in the performance of the short channel devices. While higher Ge content SiGe materials can offer lower effective mass and have potential for better transport properties, their reduced bandgap by increasing Ge content brings concern for some CMOS applications, such as increased drain leakage and high off-state current. In this work, we evaluate s-SiGe pFETs fabricated on SOI substrates with moderate Ge fraction, in a FinFET architecture and with aggressively scaled dimensions suitable for 10nm node. We highlight the process challenges as well as short-channel performance, leakage and scalability of s-SiGe FinFETs.