gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser‐Assisted Etching of Manganese‐Zinc‐Ferrite (1989)

A focused argon ion laser beam (514.5 nm) has been used to induce etching of manganese‐zinc‐ferrite ceramics in aqueous solutions. In the absence of the laser beam the etching process did not take place even at the boiling point of the selected etchant. For concentration above 2N, bubble‐free etching took place in the presence of the laser beam. Within the range of 2–8N for concentration, the depth of the etched grooves increased with increasing laser power, decreasing scan speed, and increasing concentration. Evidence of decreasing average etch rate due to mass transport limitation was observed under low concentration, high laser power, and low scan speed conditions. The width of the etched grooves increased with increasing laser power, but was relatively insensitive to the scan speed and the concentration. The experimental findings of the laser‐assisted etching of Mn‐Zn‐ferrite can be qualitatively interpreted by a thermally activated reaction mechanism: formation at and above a threshold temperature of an active chemical environment on the surface for the initiation of the etching process; more concentrated etchant allows more abundant supply of the reactive species and requires less heat input to reach the active state. Etching of ferrite occurs as a result of the reaction between the active etchant (possibly fused ) and either the solid or the molten ferrite, depending on the laser power. The etching process generates soluble product species and the profiles of the etched patterns are strongly influenced by the mass transport characteristics of the etching system. A mathematical model for the surface temperature distribution, which takes into account heat loss into the liquid, is also presented.
Functional and structural analyses of N‐acylsulfonamide‐linked dinucleoside inhibitors of RNase A (2010)

Molecular probes are useful for both studying and controlling the functions of enzymes and other proteins. The most useful probes have high affinity for their target, along with small size and resistance to degradation. Here, we report on new surrogates for nucleic acids that fulfill these criteria. Isosteres in which phosphoryl [R-O-P(O(2)(-))-O-R'] groups are replaced with N-acylsulfonamidyl [R-C(O)-N(-)-S(O(2))-R'] or sulfonimidyl [R-S(O(2))-N(-)-S(O(2))-R'] groups increase the number of nonbridging oxygens from two (phosphoryl) to three (N-acylsulfonamidyl) or four (sulfonimidyl). Six such isosteres were found to be more potent inhibitors of catalysis by bovine pancreatic RNase A than are parent compounds containing phosphoryl groups. The atomic structures of two RNase A·N-acylsulfonamide complexes were determined at high resolution by X-ray crystallography. The N-acylsulfonamidyl groups were observed to form more hydrogen bonds with active site residues than did the phosphoryl groups in analogous complexes. These data encourage the further development and use of N-acylsulfonamides and sulfonimides as antagonists of nucleic acid-binding proteins.
Analysis tools for single-monomer measurements of self-assembly processes (2022)

Protein assembly plays an important role throughout all phyla of life, both physiologically and pathologically. In particular, aggregation and polymerization of proteins are key-strategies that regulate cellular function. In recent years, methods to experimentally study the assembly process on a single-molecule level have been developed. This progress concomitantly has triggered the question of how to analyze this type of single-filament data adequately and what experimental conditions are necessary to allow a meaningful interpretation of the analysis. Here, we developed two analysis methods for single-filament data: the visitation analysis and the average-rate analysis. We benchmarked and compared both approaches with the classic dwell-time-analysis frequently used to study microscopic association and dissociation rates. In particular, we tested the limitations of each analysis method along the lines of the signal-to-noise ratio, the sampling rate, and the labeling efficiency and bleaching rate of the fluorescent dyes used in single-molecule fluorescence experiments. Finally, we applied our newly developed methods to study the monomer assembly of actin at the single-molecule-level in the presence of the class II nucleator Cappuccino and the WH2 repeats of Spire. For Cappuccino, our data indicated fast elongation circumventing a nucleation phase whereas, for Spire, we found that the four WH2 motifs are not sufficient to promote de novo nucleation of actin.
Analysis of Transferred MoS2 Layers Grown by MOCVD: Evidence of Mo Vacancy Related Defect Formation (2020)

A low-temperature multi-frequency electron spin resonance (ESR) study has been carried out on 1, 3.5, and 6 layer thick MoS 2 films, grown by metal organic vapor deposition (MOCVD) and subsequently transferred on SiO 2 /Si. This reveals the observation of a previously unreported, nearly isotropic signal at g ≈ 1.9998 with corresponding spin center (spin S = ½) densities ranging from ∼6 × 10 8 cm −2 to ∼5 × 10 11 cm −2 . The ESR investigation is closely combined with an in-depth analysis by an assortment of other experimental techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to ultimately result in the assignment of the ESR signal to a defect of intrinsic nature, most likely a Mo vacancy (V Mo ) related defect located at MoS 2 grain edges or boundaries. The oxidation of the 2D material at grain edges and boundaries combined with the applied water-based transfer procedure is demonstrated to play a crucial role in the generation of the newly observed defect, thus advising caution with the currently applied process method. The presented analysis, which combines a variety of experimental techniques, contributes to the fine-tuning of the CVD growth and transfer process of high-quality few-layer MoS 2 intended for next-generation nanoelectronic devices.
High speed tunable all-pass filter based on lithium niobate waveguide loop (2005)

A novel compact, tunable all-pass filter based on lithium niobate (LN) planar waveguide loop is proposed and demonstrated with preliminary transmission measurement. The tunability and chromatic dispersion characteristics of the device are theoretically estimated.
Affsens (2018)

Capturing natural emotions as they occur in the wild is a known challenge. Participant compliance is often low and often the most important events are not captured. We present a new application design for capturing emotional assessments in the wild, using phone based sensors to determine events of interest and to generate timely in situ prompts. We present a flexible design that allows both quick assessments (less than 30s) and in depth journaling. The application is designed to be beautiful, engaging and informative while capturing rich data to inform insights and algorithms.
Expression of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in ovarian cancer (2019)

We investigated the association of LHR expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) with clinical and pathologic characteristics of patients. LHR expression was examined immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays (TMAs) of specimens from 232 OC patients. Each sample was scored quantitatively evaluating LHR staining intensity (LHR-I) and percentage of LHR (LHR-P) staining cells in tumor cells examined. LHR-I was assessed as no staining (negative), weak (+ 1), moderate (+ 2), and strong positive (+ 3). LHR-P was measured as 1 to 5, 6 to 50% and > 50% of the tumor cells examined. Positive LHR staining was found in 202 (87%) patients' tumor specimens and 66% patients had strong intensity LHR expression. In 197 (85%) of patients, LHR-P was measured in > 50% of tumor cells. LHR-I was significantly associated with pathologic stage (p = 0.007). We found that 72% of stage III or IV patients expressed strong LHR-I in tumor cells. There were 87% of Silberberg's grade 2 or 3 patients compared to 70% of grade 1 patients with LHR expression observed in > 50% of tumor cells, p = 0.037. Tumor stage was significantly associated with overall survival and recurrence free survival, p < 0.001 for both analyses, even after adjustment for age, tumor grade and whether patient had persistent disease after therapy or not. Our study demonstrates that LHR is highly expressed in the majority of OC patients. Both LHR-I and LHR-P are significantly associated with either the pathologic stage or tumor grade.
Mild to moderate Crohn's disease – defining the basis for a new treatment algorithm (2003)

Previously, clinicians have had few choices in treating mild to moderate Crohn's disease. They currently treat these Crohn's disease patients with oral mesalamine and antibiotics. This treatment approach is based on the safety of these agents, and the perception that they are effective. This perception regarding efficacy may be influenced by publication bias. This review examines the efficacy and safety data of the conventional corticosteroids, mesalamine, sulfasalazine, budesonide and antibiotics for inducing the remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease from randomized controlled trials, and proposes an evidence-based treatment approach. Sulfasalazine has demonstrated modest efficacy when Crohn's disease is confined to the colon. Mesalamine has no clear benefit over placebo in treating active Crohn's disease. Conventional corticosteroids effectively induce remission but are associated with unwanted adverse effects. Budesonide has similar efficacy to conventional steroids with far fewer adverse effects. Antibiotics have not consistently demonstrated efficacy. We propose a new evidence-based approach which suggests inducing remission of mild to moderate Crohn's disease with budesonide 9 mg/day for patients with ileal and/or right colonic involvement; sulfasalazine for those with disease limited to the colon; and conventional steroids for high disease activity, those who failed budesonide and those with left-sided disease who are allergic or intolerant to sulfasalazine.
ChemInform Abstract: MICHAEL ADDITION REACTIONS OF ANGELICA LACTONE (1977)

Abstract Aus Angelicalacton entsteht das Anion (I), das mit Cyclohexenon (II) ein Addukt (III) gibt.
Vibronic Coupling. VI. Vibronic Borrowing in Cyclic Polyenes and Porphyrin (1969)

Vibronic borrowing in closed-shell aromatics is investigated by means of the cyclic-polyene model with the π electrons treated according to simple Hückel theory and the σ electrons treated as outlined by Longuet-Higgins and Salem. The basis set for the vibronic wavefunctions consists of single-product Born–Oppenheimer functions whose electronic factors are LCAO cyclic-polyene molecular orbitals. The coupling between these Born–Oppenheimer functions is treated by means of perturbation theory. The dependence of the vibronic coupling on the size of the aromatic is given. Intensities of the vibronic transitions in benzene, coronene, triphenylene, 18-annulene, and porphyrin are calculated. Porphyrin is approximated by a 16-membered cyclic polyene with 18 electrons, and the absorption spectra, fluorescence polarization, and Zeeman spectra are interpreted in terms of vibronic interactions. The Jahn–Teller distortion vanishes in these cases, a result shown to be a general phenomenon for one-electron terms in E states arising from two e electrons or holes.
THz Integrated Circuit with a Pixel Array to Multiplex Two 10-Gbit/s QPSK Channels Each on a Different OAM Beam for Mode-Division-Multiplexing (2022)

We design and fabricate a pixel-array-based THz integrated circuit for the generation and multiplexing of multiple OAM beams. We experimentally demonstrate a 20-Gbit/s QPSK free-space THz link at 0.317 THz by multiplexing OAM +1 and –1 using the integrated circuit.
Mitochondrial Activity and Cell Damage after Application of &lt;i&gt;Acmella oleracea&lt;/i&gt; Leaf Extract (2016)

Acmella oleracea is a plant species belonging to the Asteraceae family, native to the Amazon that has broad therapeutic and culinary use. Several secondary metabolites and your bioactive component spilanthol have been associated with its medicinal effects. This study aims to evaluate the leaf extract of A. oleracea for therapeutic purposes. When applied to both cell cultures HEp-2 neoplastic cells and L929 fibroblast cells, the increasing extract concentrations yielded a significant reduction in cell viability using ANOVA test with Significance of P ≤ 0.05 (*), Very Significant P ≤ 0.01 (***) and Extremely Significant P ≤ 0.001 (****), causing visible damage to cytoskeleton actin filaments. The cytotoxicity of the A. oleracea leaf extract may be associated with other components, including flavonoids. Thus, A. oleracea has a great cytotoxic activity on tumoral cells and can be considered for future antitumor therapy. However, because of its toxicity to non-tumoral cells, it is essential to evaluate the efficacy of each extract sub-fraction compound, alerting the population for the traditional use of the plant that can cause damage for the consumer.
Autocrine Secretion of Interferon γ Negatively Regulates Homing of Immature B Cells (2000)

The mechanism by which immature B cells are sequestered from encountering foreign antigens present in lymph nodes or sites of inflammation, before their final maturation in the spleen, has not been elucidated. We show here that immature B cells fail to home to the lymph nodes. These cells can actively exclude themselves from antigen-enriched sites by downregulating their integrin-mediated adhesion to the extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin. This inhibition is mediated by interferon gamma secretion. Perturbation of interferon gamma activity in vivo leads to the homing of immature B cells to the lymph nodes. This is the first example of autocrine regulation of immune cell migration to sites of foreign antigen presentation.
High-Resolution Solid-State NMR Structure of a 17.6 kDa Protein (2009)

The use of pseudocontact shifts arising from paramagnetic metal ions in a microcrystalline protein sample is proposed as a strategy to obtain unambiguous signal assignments in solid-state NMR spectra enabling distance extraction for protein structure calculation. With this strategy, 777 unambiguous (281 sequential, 217 medium-range, and 279 long-range) distance restraints could be obtained from PDSD, DARR, CHHC, and the recently introduced PAR and PAIN-CP solid-state experiments for the cobalt(II)-substituted catalytic domain of matrix metalloproteinase 12 (159 amino acids, 17.6 kDa). The obtained structure is a high resolution one, with backbone rmsd of 1.0 +/- 0.2 A, and is in good agreement with the X-ray structure (rmsd to X-ray 1.3 A). The proposed strategy, which may be generalized for nonmetalloproteins with the use of paramagnetic tags, represents a significant step ahead in protein structure determination using solid-state NMR.
Efficient experimental evaluation of a MIMO handset with user influence (2010)

The immediate environment of handset antennas, including the casings and the users holding the handsets, has a strong impact on the radio channel in mobile communication. In this paper we investigate a composite channel method that synthetically combines double-directional measurements of the user-less propagation channel with measured super-antenna patterns, i.e., patterns of the combined antenna-casing-user arrangement. We experimentally evaluate the method by comparing results (power, capacity, and eigenvalue distribution) obtained from this composite method with direct measurements in the same environment. The measurements were done in two static 8 × 4 MIMO scenarios at 2.6 GHz, with the user indoors and the base station located outdoors and indoors, respectively. A realistic user phantom together with a"smart-phone" handset mock-up with four antenna elements was used, and different configurations and orientations were tested. The method gives statistical distributions of the MIMO eigenvalues, that are close to the measured. By using the composite method, we found that the user, apart from introducing hand and body loss that mainly decreases the SNR of the channel, slightly increases the correlation between the fading at the antenna elements.
Harmonic distortion free distance estimation in ToF camera (2010)

A Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera uses a near infrared (NIR) to obtain the distance from the camera to an object. The distance is calculated from the amount of time shift between the emitted and reflected NIR. ToF cameras generally modulate NIR with a square wave rather than a sinusoidal wave due to its difficulty in hardware implementation. The previous method using simple trigonometric function estimates the time shift with the difference of electrons generated by the reflected square wave. Thus the estimated time shift includes a harmonic distortion caused by the nonlinearity of trigonometric function. In this paper, we propose a new linear estimation method to reduce the harmonic distortion. For quantitative evaluation, the proposed method is compared to the previous method using our prototype ToF depth camera. Experimental results show that the distance obtained by the proposed method is more accurate than that by the previous method.
MEMS in Mass Storage Systems (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction MEMS in Conventional Storage Devices:Hard Disk Drives MEMS in Conventional Storage Devices:Optical Disk Drives New MEMS-centric Storage Devices Conclusions References
Development of recombinant collagen‐peptide‐based vehicles for delivery of adipose‐derived stromal cells (2015)

Stem cell therapy is a promising approach for repair, remodeling and even regenerate tissue of otherwise irreparable damage, such as after myocardial infarction (aMI). A severe limitation of cardiac stem cell therapy is the generally poor retention of administered cells in the target tissue. In tissue repair the main mode of action of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) is the production of various growth factors, cytokines, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic factors that together augment repair, remodeling, and regeneration. In this experiment, we used recombinant collagen peptide (RCP) with additional integrin-binding motives and different crosslinkers. Formulated as 50-100 μm microspheres with bound ADSC, we hypothesized that this would improve ADSC retention and function. Crosslinking was performed with chemical crosslinkers (EDC and HMDIC) at high and low concentrations or by thermal treatment (DHT). ADSC adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis/necrosis, and gene expressions in two-dimensional and three-dimensional were analyzed. In addition, the effect of ADSC conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) on proapoptotic/sprouting HUVEC was examined. Our results show that all materials support cell adhesion in short time point, however, EDC-High crosslinker induced ADSC apoptosis/necrosis. Gene expression results revealed lower expression of proinflammatory genes in chemical crosslinked materials, despite EDC-High the proinflammatory genes expressions were similar or higher than TCPS. In addition, cultured ADSC on DHT crosslinked RCP showed a proinflammatory phenotype compared to TCPS. Sprouting assay results confirmed the protective effect of ADSC-CM derived from TCPS and HMDIC-High crosslinked RCP proapoptotic HUVEC. We conclude that ADSC adhere to the materials and maintain their therapeutic profile.
Diamond-based submillimeter backward wave oscillator (2004)

Making use of fabrication technology commonly employed in the manufacture of liquid crystal and semiconductor devices, but not previously applied to vacuum devices, the diamond-based backward wave oscillator (BWO) provides a miniature, energy efficient, electronically tunable and mass producible signal source in the sub mm wavelength regime. Fabricated within a shell of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond for mechanical and thermal robustness, the BWO employs a novel biplanar interdigital slow wave circuit, which will be manufactured by utilizing a process developed at Genvac. Conventional silicon fabrication technology is used to form a negative of the desired structure, which serves as a mold for the deposition of the diamond. The diamond structure is then selectively metallized. The structure is formed in two halves and then accurately positioned and bonded using techniques routinely employed in the fabrication of liquid crystal displays. The device has been modeled extensively, and designs of the slow wave circuit, electron gun and collector for operation at 300 and 600 GHz have been completed. Fabrication of the 300 GHz device is in progress. It is estimated to weigh 29 gm, and, for operation over a 10% tuning range, the minimum output power is predicted to be 18 mW.
Large scale mobility measurement in two metropolitan networks (2008)

User mobility and the resulting handover rate is an important design parameter for cellular mobile systems. In this study handover rates are presented based on live traffic measurements from two commercial and mature WCDMA networks. Performance monitoring (PM) counters have been used enabling collection of a large number of samples, millions of connected minutes from thousands of cells. Two different networks have been studied, one Asian city network and one European city network. The mobility was very similar in both networks. The network average WCDMA active set update rate was around 5 per connected minute. An access technique independent cell change rate is approximated to 2.5 per connected minute based on delete events. This is the network average, but there are cells with more than 8 cell changes per connected minute. This handover rate means a shorter cell residence time than found in earlier channel holding measurements, less than 24 seconds compared to around 40 seconds. The mobility was higher at daytime than at nights in both networks.
Properties of Commercial Nanoparticles that Affect Their Removal During Water Treatment (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nanoparticle Properties Nanoparticle Removal Mechanisms During Water Treatment Conclusions Acknowledgments References
The outage behavior of coded cooperation (2004)

Coded cooperation is a new framework recently proposed for cooperative communication. In this work, we present outage probability results for coded cooperation, and demonstrate that full diversity is achieved. In addition, we compare the outage behavior of coded cooperation with other repetition-based cooperative schemes.
Soybean Protoplast Culture and Direct Gene Uptake and Expression by Cultured Soybean Protoplasts (1987)

A method was developed for culturing protoplasts freshly isolated from developing soybean (Glycine max L.) cotyledons. First cell divisions were observed within 5 days after protoplast isolation and microcalli, consisting of about 20 cells, were formed within 10 days. Thirty days after protoplast isolation, callus tissues were observed without the aid of a microscope. A 30 to 50% plating efficiency was consistently obtained. Using a polyethylene glycol-electroporation technique, DNA was introduced into these protoplasts. The protoplasts were then cultured to form callus. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity was detected in protoplast cultures 6 hours after introduction of a 35S-CAT-nopaline synthase 3' chimeric gene. The highest CAT activity was detected in 3-day-old electroporated protoplast cultures, indicating transient expression of the introduced gene. Some CAT activity was detected in 40-day-old callus cultures and in geneticin (G418) selected callus tissues which also received a chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase II gene, indicating the presence of stable transformants. A control chimeric gene with an inverted 35S promoter failed to produce any CAT activity in this system.