gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Waste Biomass Pyrolysis in Py-GC-MS and Fixed-Bed Reactors (2023)

Pyrolysis is one of the most popular methods for the thermal conversion of biomass-derived materials, which can be applied to produce valuable products such as biochar, bio-oil, and pyrolysis gas. However, this does not change the need for more precise data on the products obtained from such processes under different conditions, using different types of reactors or types of biomass material. Pyrolysis products can have a high energy value and have been extensively studied. In the presented research, three potential energy feedstocks from waste biomass, wheat cereal straw (CS), tobacco waste (TW), and furniture waste (FW) were comprehensively evaluated in terms of product yields, as well as the chemical composition of the volatile products of the pyrolysis process using the pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique and the chemical distribution of the products obtained under fixed-bed pyrolysis conditions. The obtained results were compared to data from the literature, which provided thorough information on the pyrolysis of biomass materials in diverse systems. The research identified the primary elements of the liquid fraction, such as N-compounds, furans, phenols, benzene, PAHs, aldehyde-ketone-alcohol, and organic acids, which were the main constituents of the liquid fraction, and the concentration of non-condensable components of gaseous products. The research discussed in this article provides a comprehensive approach to the thermal conversion of biomass materials, which, depending on their origin, processing conditions, and methodologies, can be utilised for more than only energy production.
Subtype-specific genomic alterations define new targets for soft tissue sarcoma therapy (2010)

2011 February 1
Structural and electrical properties of epitaxial YBCO films on Si (Abstract Only). (1991)

Efforts to grow high quality films of YBCO on Si have been complicated by factors discussed in Ref. 1, chief among them being the reaction between YBCO and Si, which is damaging even at 550 C. This is well below the customary temperatures for YBCO film growth. To avoid the reaction problem, epitaxial YBCO films were grown on Si (100) using an intermediate buffer layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ).2 Both layers are grown via an entirely in situ process by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Although the buffer layer prevents reaction, another problem arises; the large difference in thermal expansion coefficients between silicon and YBCO causes strain at room temperature. Thin (<500 A) YBCO films are unrelaxed and under tensile strain with a distorted unit cell. Thicker films are cracked and have poorer electrical properties. The thermal strain may be reduced by growing on silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) rather than silicon.3 This allows the growth of films of arbitrary thickness. Ion channeling reveals a high degree of crystalline perfection with a channeling minimum yield for Ba as low as 12% on either silicon or SOS. The normal state resistivity is 250-300 i-cm at 300 K; the critical temperature, Tc (R=0), is 86-88 K with a transition width (ATc) of I K. Critical current densities (J)°f 2x107 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and >2x106 A/cm2 at 77 K have been achieved. In addition, the surface resistance of a YBCO film on SOS was measured against Nb at 4.2 K. At 10 GHz, a value of 45 was obtained. This compares favorably to values reported for LaAlO3. Application of this technology to produce reaction patterned microstrip lines has been tested.4 This was done by ion milling away portions of the YSZ buffer layer prior to the YBCO deposition. YBCO landing on regions of exposed Si reacts to form an insulator. This technique was used to make 3 micron lines 1.5 mm long. The resulting structure had a Jc of l.6xl06 A/cm2 at 77 K. Isolation of separate structures exceeded 20 M. Several advantages of this technique are that no solvents, etchants or photoresist come into contact with the YBCO, hence this technique has a potential for operational-asgrown devices. In summary, it is now possible to produce YBCO films with structural and DC electrical properties which rival the most optimized c-axis epitaxial YBCO films on MgO, SrTiO3 and LaAlO3. Preliminary measurements of microwave properties appear promising. We thank Bruce Lairson for help obtaining magnetization data and Richard Johnson, Steve Ready and Lars-Erik Swartz for technical assistance. This work benefits from AFOSR (F49620-89-C-0017). DBF received support from NSF (DMR- 8822353). DKF acknowledges the AT&T scholarship.
Translocation and translaminar bioavailability of two neonicotinoid insecticides after foliar application to cabbage and cotton (2001)

A laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the leaf systemic properties and the translaminar aphicidal activity of two commercialised neonicotinoid (chloronicotinyl) insecticides. For that purpose [14C]imidacloprid was subjected to uptake and translocation studies in cabbage and cotton after foliar application. Foliar penetration and short-term translocation patterns of imidacloprid were similar in both plant species. Nevertheless imidacloprid penetrated twice as much into cabbage leaves as it did into cotton leaves. It showed a comparable translaminar behaviour and was entirely translocated acropetally, indicating its well-known xylem mobility. The translaminar and acropetal movement of imidacloprid and acetamiprid were quantified by simple laboratory bioassays using the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover), as typical homopteran pests for cabbage and cotton, respectively. A single dose (7.5 micrograms AI per leaf) applied to the upper leaf surface of cabbage and cotton was tested against aphids feeding on the lower leaf surface both close to and distant from the site of application 1, 5 and 12 days after treatment. The translaminar residual activity of imidacloprid on cabbage leaves was superior to that of acetamiprid, whereas its translaminar efficacy against A gossypii on cotton was inferior to that of acetamiprid. However, oral ingestion bioassays using an artificial double membrane feeding system revealed no significant differences in intrinsic activity between the two neonicotinoids tested.
RTD fluxgate: a low-power nonlinear device to sense weak magnetic fields (2005)

Fluxgate magnetometers have always been of interest to technical and scientific communities to sense weak magnetic fields (in the range of 10/sup -6/) with a resolution of 100 pT at room temperature. These devices find applicability in fields such as space, geophysical exploration and mapping, nondestructive testing, and assorted military applications. This article discusses the quantities affecting the RTD fluxgate performances, considerations on the design of an RTD fluxgate, and presents an magnetometer experimental prototype.
Measurement of D0, D+, D*+ and D+s production in Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{{\mathrm{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ TeV (2018)

A bstract We report measurements of the production of prompt D 0 , D + , D *+ and D s + mesons in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV, in the centrality classes 0–10%, 30–50% and 60–80%. The D-meson production yields are measured at mid-rapidity (| y | &lt; 0 . 5) as a function of transverse momentum ( p T ). The p T intervals covered in central collisions are: 1 &lt; p T &lt; 50 GeV /c for D 0 , 2 &lt; p T &lt; 50GeV /c for D + , 3 &lt; p T &lt; 50GeV /c for D *+ , and 4 &lt; p T &lt; 16GeV /c for D s + mesons. The nuclear modification factors ( R AA ) for non-strange D mesons (D 0 , D + , D *+ ) show minimum values of about 0.2 for p T = 6–10 GeV /c in the most central collisions and are compatible within uncertainties with those measured at $$ {\sqrt{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}=2.76 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV. For D s + mesons, the values of R AA are larger than those of non-strange D mesons, but compatible within uncertainties. In central collisions the average R AA of non-strange D mesons is compatible with that of charged particles for p T &gt; 8 GeV /c , while it is larger at lower p T . The nuclear modification factors for strange and non-strange D mesons are also compared to theoretical models with different implementations of in-medium energy loss.
Activation of hepatic AMPK by 17beta-estradiol suppresses both nuclear receptor Nr2c2/TR4 and its downstream lipogenic targets, reduces gluconeogenic genes and improves insulin signaling (2016)

Estrogen replacement reduces the frequency of type 2 diabetes (T2D), an effect which involves the suppression of hepatic glucose production. The objective of this study was to identify the hepatic mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of 17&amp;#946;-estradiol (E2) on insulin sensitivity in mice exposed to long term (10 months) high fat diet (HFD) feeding. E2 treatment in HFD mice led to significant improvements in glycemic control. In the livers from these animals, Western blotting studies showed that E2 treatment led to significant increases in the activation state of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in association with reduction of the nuclear receptor Nr2c2/TR4 both mRNA and protein levels, and suppression of downstream lipogenic gene expression. These effects were in parallel with up-regulation of hormone sensitive lipase (lipe) expression by E2. Increased fasting glucose levels following HFD feeding were associated with increases in the expression levels of the gluconeogenic genes, g6pt1 and pyruvate carboxylase, whilst E2 treatment significantly reduced their expression levels. The insulin signaling pathway was studied in the liver after acute insulin intervention. The phosphorylation states of AKT2 and FOXO1 were both decreased in HFD mice, and E2 treatment reversed these changes. In conclusion, E2 treatment reduced body weight and improved glycemic control in association with activation of hepatic AMPK, reduced expression of its downstream target Nr2c2/TR4, and consequent decreases in lipogenic gene expression. Together with increased triglyceride mobilization, these changes paralleled improved hepatic insulin signaling and reduced gluconeogenic gene expression. [Dis Mol Med 2016; 4(4.000): 55-67]
An Epilepsy-Associated KCNT1 Mutation Enhances Excitability of Human iPSC-Derived Neurons by Increasing Slack KNa Currents (2019)

Mutations in the KCNT1 (Slack, K<sub>Na</sub>1.1) sodium-activated potassium channel produce severe epileptic encephalopathies. Expression in heterologous systems has shown that the disease-causing mutations give rise to channels that have increased current amplitude. It is not known, however, whether such gain of function occurs in human neurons, nor whether such increased K<sub>Na</sub> current is expected to suppress or increase the excitability of cortical neurons. Using genetically engineered human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons, we have now found that sodium-dependent potassium currents are increased several-fold in neurons bearing a homozygous P924L mutation. In current-clamp recordings, the increased K<sub>Na</sub> current in neurons with the P924L mutation acts to shorten the duration of action potentials and to increase the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization that follows each action potential. Strikingly, the number of action potentials that were evoked by depolarizing currents as well as maximal firing rates were increased in neurons expressing the mutant channel. In networks of spontaneously active neurons, the mean firing rate, the occurrence of rapid bursts of action potentials, and the intensity of firing during the burst were all increased in neurons with the P924L Slack mutation. The feasibility of an increased K<sub>Na</sub> current to increase firing rates independent of any compensatory changes was validated by numerical simulations. Our findings indicate that gain-of-function in Slack K<sub>Na</sub> channels causes hyperexcitability in both isolated neurons and in neural networks and occurs by a cell-autonomous mechanism that does not require network interactions.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b><i>KCNT1</i> mutations lead to severe epileptic encephalopathies for which there are no effective treatments. This study is the first demonstration that a <i>KCNT1</i> mutation increases the Slack current in neurons. It also provides the first explanation for how this increased potassium current induces hyperexcitability, which could be the underlining factor causing seizures.
Abstract 2591: Folate receptor alpha: A promoter of cancer cell proliferation that is independent of folate (2011)

Abstract Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is over-expressed in malignant tumors of epithelial origin, particularly in ovarian cancer, but largely absent in normal tissue. High levels of protein expression in tumor cells are associated with increased proliferative capacity and enhanced chemo-resistance to Cisplatinum (CP). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the biological function of FRα in CP-resistant cancer and hypothesized that alterations of FRα expression levels in drug CP-resistant cancers would result in the re-sensitization of tumor cells to CP. We first developed a human ovarian cancer cell line, IGROV-1, with increased CP resistance and found that these cells also showed an increase in FRα expression over parental IGROV-1 cells. Then, we used FOLR1 specific siRNA to completely knock-down FRα expression. Surprisingly, ablation of FRα expression did not restore sensitivity to CP but had a substantial negative impact on proliferation in both parental and CP-resistant cells. Similar phenomena were also observed when FRα was knocked-down in 786-0 cells, a human renal carcinoma line that expresses robust levels of FRα. In contrast, when we applied FRα knock-down to the normal human kidney cells HK-2 (FRα+), we observed no impairment on proliferation. One explanation of these results is that removal of FRα in cancer cells impairs the ability of these cells to uptake reduced folates, a requirement for nucleic acid synthesis and other methylation reactions. However, even pharmacological concentrations of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, provided only partial restoration of proliferation in these cells. Taken together, these results suggest that FRα plays an essential role in the proliferation of tumor cells, but not in normal cells via a yet undefined pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2591. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2591
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume I - gas phase reactions of Ox, HOx, NOx and SOx species (2004)

International audience
Sonography of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (1986)

Fifty-three untreated patients with histologically confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis were divided into two groups according to the echogenicity of the thyroid. In 25 cases, the echogenicity of the thyroid was almost the same as or less than that of the adjacent muscles. Such cases were classified as group A. The other 28 cases were classified as group B. Mean T4 levels in group A were significantly lower than those in group B. In addition, the cases in group A had abnormally low T4 and abnormally high TSH more frequently than those in group B. In all cases in group A, there was severe degeneration and disappearance of thyroid follicles, whereas in most of the cases in group B, follicles of normal size were generally seen. Hypoechogenicity of the thyroid is a sign suggesting hypothyroidism and severe follicular degeneration.
Supplementary Material & Methods from AZD4573 Is a Highly Selective CDK9 Inhibitor That Suppresses MCL-1 and Induces Apoptosis in Hematologic Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Material, methods, supplementary references, and list of supplementary tables.&lt;/p&gt;
The Development of Antimicrobial γ-Aapeptides (2016)

Host-defense peptides (HDPs) are promising next generation of antibiotic agents, as they have the potential to circumvent emerging drug resistance, due to their mechanism of bacterial killing through disruption of their membranes. Nonetheless, HDPs have intrinsic drawbacks such as low-to-moderate activity, susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. In the past few years, we developed a new class of peptidomimetics named 'γ-AApeptides', which have superior resistance to proteolysis and a variety of diversification via straightforward synthesis. Our recent studies suggested that γ-AApeptides can mimic the bactericidal mechanism of HDPs and show potent and broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this review, we summarize our current studies of antimicrobial γ-AApeptides and discuss their potential future development as antimicrobial peptidomimetics.
Elucidating CO 2 Chemisorption in Diamine-Appended Metal–Organic Frameworks (2018)

The widespread deployment of carbon capture and sequestration as a climate change mitigation strategy could be facilitated by the development of more energy-efficient adsorbents. Diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks of the type diamine-M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobpdc<sup>4-</sup> = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) have shown promise for carbon-capture applications, although questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms of CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in these materials. Here we leverage the crystallinity and tunability of this class of frameworks to perform a comprehensive study of CO<sub>2</sub> chemisorption. Using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments and van-der-Waals-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations for 13 diamine-M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) variants, we demonstrate that the canonical CO<sub>2</sub> chemisorption products, ammonium carbamate chains and carbamic acid pairs, can be readily distinguished and that ammonium carbamate chain formation dominates for diamine-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) materials. In addition, we elucidate a new chemisorption mechanism in the material dmpn-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (dmpn = 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane), which involves the formation of a 1:1 mixture of ammonium carbamate and carbamic acid and accounts for the unusual adsorption properties of this material. Finally, we show that the presence of water plays an important role in directing the mechanisms for CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in diamine-M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) materials. Overall, our combined NMR and DFT approach enables a thorough depiction and understanding of CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption within diamine-M<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) compounds, which may aid similar studies in other amine-functionalized adsorbents in the future.
Spectroscopy on polymer-fullerene photovoltaic cells (2002)

We investigate the electrical transport properties of ITO/conjugated polymer-fullerene/Al photovoltaic cells and the role of defect states with current-voltage studies, admittance spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance technique. In the temperature range 293-40 K, the characteristic step in the admittance spectrum can be observed originating from the electrically active acceptor level. The activation energy determined from the Arrhenius plot is 34 meV. The diode capacitance as a function of the reverse bias is different from the Schottky diode behavior. We found a bias independent capacitance under reverse bias. This indicates that the devices are either fully depleted, or the space charge region exceeds the device thickness. We can clearly follow the formation of photogenerated electron hole pairs under illumination of the device absorber by using the electron spin resonance technique. Important for the cell performance is that photogenerated electron-hole pairs remain in the composites even after the photoexcitation is off, implying the presence of defect induced trap states.
Silicon-coupled, high-Q chalcogenide microspheres (2008)

We fabricate high-Q As2Se3 glass microspheres using resistive heating and demonstrate quality factors as large as 2.9 × 106 at 1550 nm. We achieve efficient coupling via a novel scheme utilizing index-engineered unclad silicon waveguides.
Study of Valproic Acid-Induced Endogenous and Exogenous Metabolite Alterations Using LC–MS-Based Metabolomics (2010)

LC-MS-based metabolomics is capable of rapidly profiling VPA drug metabolites and is a powerful tool for the discovery of potential early biomarkers related to perturbations in liver and kidney function.
Alzheimer Amyloid Peptide Aβ42 Regulates Gene Expression of Transcription and Growth Factors (2015)

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides leading to deposition of senile plaques and a progressive decline of cognitive functions, which currently remains the main criterion for its diagnosis. Robust biomarkers for AD do not yet exist, although changes in the cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau and Aβ represent promising candidates in addition to brain imaging and genetic risk profiling. Although concentrations of soluble Aβ42 correlate with symptoms of AD, less is known about the biological activities of Aβ peptides which are generated from the amyloid-β protein precursor. An unbiased DNA microarray study showed that Aβ42, at sub-lethal concentrations, specifically increases expression of several genes in neuroblastoma cells, notably the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 3 and 5 (IGFBP3/5), the transcription regulator inhibitor of DNA binding, and the transcription factor Lim only domain protein 4. Using qRT-PCR, we confirmed that mRNA levels of the identified candidate genes were exclusively increased by the potentially neurotoxic Aβ42 wild-type peptide, as both the less toxic Aβ40 and a non-toxic substitution peptide Aβ42 G33A did not affect mRNA levels. In vivo immunohistochemistry revealed a corresponding increase in both hippocampal and cortical IGFBP5 expression in an AD mouse model. Proteomic analyses of human AD cerebrospinal fluid displayed increased in vivo concentrations of IGFBPs. IGFBPs and transcription factors, as identified here, are modulated by soluble Aβ42 and may represent useful early biomarkers.
Supplemental Table 1 from A Blueprint to Advance Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1. Therapeutic strategies and corresponding laboratory tests.&lt;/p&gt;