gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical valorization of waste activated sludge for short-chain fatty acids production (2022)

A tremendous amount of waste activated sludge (WAS) ends up in landfilling even after a substantial retention time during anaerobic digestion. This leftover activated sludge is an organic-rich material with the high potential to produce value-added chemicals such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In the present study, a novel electrochemical conversion of activated sludge (E-WAS) was carried out on the surface of non-precious electrodes (nickel, stainless-steel and copper) in alkaline media at low applied potential and temperature. Cyclic voltammetry showed that Cu (II)/Cu (III) and Ni (II)/Ni(III) redox couple catalyzed the WAS oxidation reaction to produce SCFAs and hydrogen. The results revealed that Cu(II)/Cu(III) has higher catalytic oxidation capability towards SCFAs. Yields of 48.7, 21.4, and 14.6 mg SCFAs per g of volatile solids were achieved by using copper, nickel and stainless-steel as working electrodes, respectively. Post analysis characterization techniques indicate that copper oxide films lead to WAS oxidation. Total volatile solid removal of 30% was obtained at 35°C and 1.65 V in 0.2 M NaOH after 2 h of operation in an electrochemical digestor with copper electrodes which is more efficient than a conventional alkaline treatment (24 h, 55%, 1M NaOH). Ammonia was produced as the by-product of E-WAS oxidation. The highest amount of ammonia (250 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) was obtained by using nickel as the working electrode after 2 h operation at 35°C and 1.35 V applied potential. The change in WAS morphology revealed that the copper oxide film is an effective electrocatalyst for WAS disinfection.
Sea-based deployment of floating-launch missiles. Appendices (1980)

The basic report presents systems concepts descriptions for sea-based MX missiles, using surface ships as transporters. Near-term (1985-1990) and far-term (1990-2000) systems are described. Floating launch methods are proposed, using either encapsulated missiles or the simpler (bare) HYDRA-type vertical floating launch. Parameters described include: force composition, missile jettison techniques, port facilities, deployment areas, personnel requirements system costs, vulnerability, countermeasures, and C3 considerations. Appendices include containerships and surface effects ships (SES) data. (Author)
High triplet energy exciplex host derived from a CN modified carbazole based n-type host for improved efficiency and lifetime in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2018)

High triplet energy exciplexes which can improve the lifetime of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes were developed by mixing a carbazole based hole transport type host with a CN modified carbazole based electron transport type host.
Design and implementation of an inverse class-F power amplifier with 79 % efficiency by using a switch-based active device model (2008)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an inverse class-F power amplifier using a commercially available GaN 2 W power transistor. A switch-based model for this transistor was implemented in ADS and used to design this high efficiency amplifier. Simulation results with the developed model show drain efficiency of 79%, more than 19 dB of large-signal gain for an output power of greater than 5 W at 1 GHz. These values are confirmed by measurements, showing the usefulness of the switch-based active device model for this type of switching-mode power amplifiers.
Systems Biology and Bile Acid Signalling in Microbiome-Host Interactions in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung (2021)

The study of the respiratory microbiota has revealed that the lungs of healthy and diseased individuals harbour distinct microbial communities. Imbalances in these communities can contribute to the pathogenesis of lung disease. How these imbalances occur and establish is largely unknown. This review is focused on the genetically inherited condition of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Understanding the microbial and host-related factors that govern the establishment of chronic CF lung inflammation and pathogen colonisation is essential. Specifically, dissecting the interplay in the inflammation-pathogen-host axis. Bile acids are important host derived and microbially modified signal molecules that have been detected in CF lungs. These bile acids are associated with inflammation and restructuring of the lung microbiota linked to chronicity. This community remodelling involves a switch in the lung microbiota from a high biodiversity/low pathogen state to a low biodiversity/pathogen-dominated state. Bile acids are particularly associated with the dominance of Proteobacterial pathogens. The ability of bile acids to impact directly on both the lung microbiota and the host response offers a unifying principle underpinning the pathogenesis of CF. The modulating role of bile acids in lung microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation could offer new potential targets for designing innovative therapeutic approaches for respiratory disease.
Interactions between LFA and RSVP-TE (2013)

This document defines the behavior of a node supporting Loopfree
Alternates (LFA) when the node has established RSVP TE tunnels. It
first describes the decisions to be made by the LFA mechanism with
respect to the use of TE tunnels as LFA candidates. Second, it
discusses the use of RSVP TE tunnels as a way to complement the LFA
coverage, illustrating how these technologies can benefit from each
other.
Semiconductor electron-wave slab waveguides (1989)

A one-dimensional semiconductor quantum well can act as a waveguide for ballistic electrons owing to the quantum mechanical wave behavior of these electrons. The allowed modes in an asymmetric quantum well slab waveguide are quantified. Electron waveguiding can occur for energies above one or both of the potential barriers. Due to dispersion, each electron waveguide mode has an upper-energy cutoff as well as a lower-energy cutoff. An example waveguide consisting of Ga0.85Al0.15As (substrate), GaAs (film), and Ga0.70Al0.30As (cover) is treated. This structure is a single-mode electron waveguide for [100] GaAs thicknesses of from 6 through 31 monolayers.
Academic and Research Staff (1966)

ization cues. '' After a brief adaptation period, most listeners who were able to perceive good binaurally recorded images perceived the simulated sound source outside their head and were able to move the image in azimuth and elevation. A common report was that the image was broad and moved within 0. 3 m of the head. The rear half of the hemisphere was usually simulated more realistically than the other half. A few listeners reported only a lateralized image (in-head) with spectral coloration changes. Listening to the simulation of his own pinna, Subject B. T. perceived a good external image over the whole hemisphere, except for positions ± 45 in azimuth in the front. He was able to track the moving image on the horizontal plane from 180' to 45' in azimuth, at which point the image split into front and rear sources. Further forward movement of the joystick caused the rear image to dominate. This type of auditory spatial warping had been observed by the subject when he listened to binaural recordings from ears other than his own. Subject C. L. S., after a brief adaptation period, also perceived an external image. Changes in elevation from 00 to 45' on the median plane were the hardest to sense, and again the rear half of the hemisphere was best simulated. The quality of the image was broad and close when in front of the subject. The errors of C. L. S. were mainly confusions between adjacent positions. For source positions in front, there was a bias toward 450 elevation, but there were very few front-rear mistakes, which indicated that the ambiguities of the cone of confusion were successfully resolved.
Interaction of 16 alpha-[125I]iodo-estradiol with estrogen receptor and other steroid-binding proteins. (1980)

This communication describes the synthesis of 16 alpha-[125I]iodo-estradiol (125I-E2) with specific activities greater than 1000 Ci/mmol (1 Ci = 3.7 x 10(10) becquerels). We show that it binds to the same specific estrogen receptor sites as does [3H]estradiol and that it does so with an affinity that is indistinguishable from that for the latter steroid. This is true for receptor obtained from calf uterus and from a pool of human mammary carcinomas. There is no significant binding of 125 I-E2 to the testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin of human plasma. 125I-E2 also binds tightly to anti-estradiol antibodies raised against estradiol derivatized at carbons 3, 6, and 17. Finally, we show that unlabeled I-E2 is an active estrogen in vivo as demonstrated by its ability to increase uterine weight in ovariectomized rats.
Coherence effect on the measurement of optical fiber nonlinear coefficient (2005)

We investigated a source coherence effect on the measurement of the optical fiber nonlinear coefficient by use of dual optical frequencies. We produced coherent and incoherent dual optical frequencies with a self-heterodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer with and without a delay line, respectively. Our measurement results included both an electrostrictive and a Kerr nonlinear coefficient because of the low modulation frequency. Comparing the coherent case with an incoherent case, we obtained a nonlinear coefficient that was more than 3% higher in the coherent case.
Effect of nitridation on polarity, microstructure, and morphology of AlN films (2004)

The polarity of AlN epitaxial layers grown on (0001) sapphire, SiC, and nitrided sapphire substrates was examined by convergent beam electron diffraction, and the morphology and microstructure were characterized by atomic force microscopy and scattering contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The AlN films grown on sapphire and SiC without a buffer layer or nitridation of the substrate were flat and had Al polarity. From TEM studies in both cross section and plan view, it was found that the threading dislocation (TD) density was ∼1×108 and 2×1010 cm−2 for screw-component and pure edge component dislocations, respectively. N-face AlN was realized by pregrowth nitridation of sapphire substrates, but these films contained a small volume fraction of Al-face inversion domains which were related to hexagonal pyramids defined by {11̄02} facets. The density of screw-component TDs was significantly reduced due to nitridation. Cross-sectional TEM showed that the film grown on nitrided sapphire was almost free of screw-component TDs and that the density of pure edge TDs was ∼4×109 cm−2.
AB027. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the utility of lymphoscintigraphy in the management of clinically node-negative breast cancer (2020)

Background: This systematic review aimed to determine if preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) enhances the sentinel node identification rate in clinically node-negative breast cancer and evaluate if LSG affects the false negative rate of a sentinel node biopsy (SNB).
Comparison of laser nephelometric and HPLC techniques for efficient determination of solubility of ibuprofen and its 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (2022)

Poor drug solubility is a major problem that hinders the discovery and development of new drugs. There is a need for rapid and inexpensive techniques for acquiring reliable drug solubility data. In this study, the suitability of laser nephelometry for the determination of solubility was investigated using ibuprofen, as a model drug of low solubility, and its 2-hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (ic). This investigation involved the preparation of ibuprofen-ic-cyclodextrin (1:1) using coprecipitation and characterisation. Thermal analysis and assessment of molecular vibrations confirmed the existence of the inclusion complex. The shake flask testing method was employed and carried out in acidic and alkaline media, and solubility data were verified against high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results obtained via nephelometry showed relative enhanced solubility of ibuprofen in both acidic (0.565 mg ml-1) and basic (7.5 mg ml-1) media, respectively, which was enabled via inclusion complex formation. Relative to nephelometry data, HPLC results showed a similar trend with increased solubility values in acidic (0.454 mg ml-1) and basic (201.73 mg ml-1) media, respectively. The application of laser nephelometry proved to be a quick and relatively cost-effective technique for solubility measurements of the parent drug and its carrier system.
Loss of Bif-1 Suppresses Bax/Bak Conformational Change and Mitochondrial Apoptosis (2005)

Bif-1, a member of the endophilin B protein family, interacts with Bax and promotes interleukin-3 withdrawal-induced Bax conformational change and apoptosis when overexpressed in FL5.12 cells. Here, we provide evidence that Bif-1 plays a regulatory role in apoptotic activation of not only Bax but also Bak and appears to be involved in suppression of tumorigenesis. Inhibition of endogenous Bif-1 expression in HeLa cells by RNA interference abrogated the conformational change of Bax and Bak, cytochrome c release, and caspase 3 activation induced by various intrinsic death signals. Similar results were obtained in Bif-1 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts. While Bif-1 did not directly interact with Bak, it heterodimerized with Bax on mitochondria in intact cells, and this interaction was enhanced by apoptosis induction and preceded the Bax conformational change. Moreover, suppression of Bif-1 expression was associated with an enhanced ability of HeLa cells to form colonies in soft agar and tumors in nude mice. Taken together, these findings support the notion that Bif-1 is an important component of the mitochondrial pathway for apoptosis as a novel Bax/Bak activator, and loss of this proapoptotic molecule may contribute to tumorigenesis.
Age‐related haematological disturbances (1995)

an efficient method of securing airway patency [2], it is employed here as an effective method of airway obstruction. We therefore manage the patient after insertion of the T-tube by the following technique: (1) the surgeon connects a lightweight plastic hose to the side limb of the T-piece, whilst minor leaks of gases will occur through the upper limb of the T-piece; (2) the anaesthetist inserts the LMA and occludes the lumen with a rubber bung; (3) anaesthesia continues via the side arm of the T-piece until the surgery is complete; (4) the LMA is removed when adequate spontaneous respiration is achieved. Our method is very simple and is another approach to insertion of the Montgomery T-tube.
Signal detection of pulsed laser-enhanced ionization (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSignal detection of pulsed laser-enhanced ionizationGeorge J. Havrilla, Peter K. Schenck, John C. Travis, and Gregory C. TurkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 2, 186–193Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00266a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00266a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improving sequence design for DNA computing (2000)

Good design of sequences is a necessity for successful DNA computing, but how to achieve this `goodness&amp;apos; is unknown. We point out the importance of adjusting the composition of sequences to fit each computational model, and introduce two new sequence generators. The first, which uses genetic algorithm (GA), exhibits several limitations in its ability to keep specified constraints on sequences. For this reason, we designed the second generator using a random generate-and-test algorithm. We discuss why the use of the latter generator, with its easy-to-use user interface, was necessary to optimize the multiple set of encoding constraints required in DNA computing.
Externally Controlled Nanomachines on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2016)

Abstract Many machines (including nanomachines) consist of a solid support with moving parts that can undergo large amplitude motion to carry out specific tasks. In this Minireview, we will describe nanomachines that are supported on mesoporous silica nanoparticles that are typically 50–100 nanometers in diameter and have an array of open, readily accessible pores with an average width of a few nanometers. For triggering a large amplitude motion of the moving parts, we will focus primarily on external stimuli such as heat or light. As for the specific task the machines are carrying out, this Minireview will focus on the controlled release of pharmaceutically active agents in biomedical applications. We will discuss examples of how nanomachines can be used for remotely controlled cargo release and how existing machines that were originally designed to respond to internal physiological stimuli could be reconfigured to respond to external stimuli instead.
Environmental RNA interference in two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae , reveals dsRNA processing requirements for efficient RNAi response (2020)

Abstract Comprehensive understanding of pleiotropic roles of RNAi machinery highlighted the conserved chromosomal functions of RNA interference. The consequences of the evolutionary variation in the core RNAi pathway genes are mostly unknown, but may lead to the species-specific functions associated with gene silencing. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae , is a major polyphagous chelicerate pest capable of feeding on over 1,100 plant species and developing resistance to pesticides used for its control. A well annotated genome, susceptibility to RNAi and economic importance, make T. urticae an excellent candidate for development of an RNAi protocol that enables high-throughput genetic screens and RNAi-based pest control. Here, we show that the length of the exogenous dsRNA critically determines its processivity and ability to induce RNAi in vivo . A combination of the long dsRNAs and the use of dye to trace the ingestion of dsRNA enabled the identification of genes involved in membrane transport and 26S proteasome degradation as sensitive RNAi targets. Our data demonstrate that environmental RNAi can be an efficient reverse genetics and pest control tool in T. urticae . In addition, the species-specific properties together with the variation in the components of the RNAi machinery make T. urticae a potent experimental system to study the evolution of RNAi pathways.
Additions and Corrections. Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Analysis of Malathion, Malaoxon, and Isomalathion Enantiomers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections. Synthesis, Absolute Configuration, and Analysis of Malathion, Malaoxon, and Isomalathion EnantiomersClifford Berkman, Charles Thompson, and Scott PerrinCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1994, 7, 2, 275Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online24 September 2004Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx00038a600https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00038a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Binding of Reduced Peptide Bond Pseudopeptides to Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecule (1995)

Reduced peptide bond pseudopeptide analogues have been examined for their ability to bind murine class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Eight pseudopeptide analogues of an antigenic peptide derived from Plasmodium berghei (H-Ser252-Tyr-Ile-Pro-Ser-Ala-Glu-Lys-Ile260-OH) were obtained by systematically replacing one peptide bond at a time by a reduced peptide bond psi (CH2-NH). The resulting analogues were then tested for their binding to a recombinant single chain SC-Kd class I molecule. The comparative results show that five analogues can efficiently mimic the parent peptide while the introduction of the reduced bond between P3-P4, P7-P8, and P8-P9 is deleterious for SC-Kd binding. The fact that more stable pseudopeptides containing reduced peptide bonds can bind major histocompatibility complex molecules is of great interest for the design of peptidomimetics with potential therapeutical properties. Such peptide analogues may prove useful for the development of peptide-based cytotoxic T lymphocyte vaccines.
Erratum: “Nonpolar III-nitride vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers with a polarization ratio of 100% fabricated using photoelectrochemical etching” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 031111 (2014)] (2014)

First Page
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLIDENE HYDRIDE COMPLEXES OF TANTALUM AND THE POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE BY DIIODOTRIS(TRIMETHYLPHOSPHINE)HYDRONEOPENTYLIDENETANTALUM (TA(CHCME3)(H)(PME3)3I2) (1983)

Abstract Die Addition der Säuren HX an den Neopentyliden‐Ta‐ Komplex (I) ergibt die kationischen Hydrid‐Komplexe (II).