gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bias on the Irradiation and Annealing Responses of 4H-SiC MOS Devices (2011)

The irradiation and annealing responses of 4H-SiC MOS devices with nitrided oxides are investigated at varying biases. Radiation-induced hole trapping dominates the radiation response of these devices. Switching the bias between irradiation and annealing can lead to significant enhancement of the degradation in some cases. Positive irradiation bias followed by negative annealing bias is found to be the worst-case for the combined degradation. After irradiation, significant reversibility of charge trapping is observed in switched-bias annealing of n-substrate capacitors, while enhanced charge trapping is found in p-substrate capacitors. These results show the potential importance of evaluating the combined radiation and reliability responses of SiC MOS devices for long-term use in high total-ionizing-dose space applications.
On Coded Broadcasting for Wireless Recommendation Systems (2021)

This paper considers benefits of coding techniques in recommendation systems operating over wireless channels with erasures. We identify scenarios where coded broadcasting can increase the overall user satisfaction at a fixed channel utilization level. Such opportunities arise both when user preferences are unknown, and must be explored, and when they are known and must be exploited to recommend optimally. We determine the magnitude of the potential gains and show that coding is most beneficial if users have heterogeneous preferences. Finally, we provide inequalities that can be evaluated to determine whether coding would be beneficial for a certain reward structure.
Radiopaque Media (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Urography, Angiography, and Computerized Tomography 3. Cholecystography and Cholangiography 4. Bronchography 5. Myelography 6. Lymphography 7. Gastrointestinal Contrast Media
A trained filter de-interlacer based on complex classification (2008)

A novel trained filter based scheme for video de-interlacing is proposed and described in detail. This scheme uses different classifiers, called error functions, on the input, and mixes several sub-de-interlacers depending on them. The approach differs from the earlier works in this area due to focus on more complex classification rather than on complex sub-de-interlacers. The proposed scheme is flexible and allows various combinations of error functions with sub-de-interlacers. In this article we describe a test implementation of this concept with five different sub-de-interlacers and five error functions composing a spatial-temporal de-interlacing method. The description of the test implementation is supported by simulations where we evaluate the contribution of different sub-de-interlacers and error function to output de-interlacing quality.
Crystal growth and optical properties of new neutron detectors Ce 3+:Li6R(BO3)3 (R=Gd,Y) (2001)

An efficient new scintillator that contains lithium, gadolinium, and boron, all three of which possess large neutron capture cross-section isotopes for highly exothermic reactions, has been recently developed. The homologous yttrium material was also investigated. These compounds of composition Li R(BO ) (R Gd, Y) can be activated by Ce . The synthesis of powders was carried out by high-temperature solid-state reaction from the starting materials LiOH, H O, H BO ,G d O ,o r Y O , and Ce(NO ) ,6 H O of purity 99.99%, under a flow of argon/H (5%). Under ultraviolet excitation, they show a broadband emission peaking at 390 nm. The gadolinium emission lies near the maximum of a 4 5 Ce absorption band, so efficient Gd Ce transfer occurs. Ce :L i R(BO ) (R Gd, Y) crystals were grown by the Czochralski method in a resistance heating furnace using a conical vitreous carbon crucible of 150 cm under deoxygenated pure argon. Monocrystalline boules as large as 3 cm diameter and 6 cm length have been obtained. The interest of these new materials is the high scintillation efficiency—as much as six times that of Li-glass scintillators for the Gd material. Moreover, these scintillators offer the ability to tailor their response to the neutron spectrum by varying the isotopic composition of the key constituents (lithium, gadolinium (yttrium), boron).
Dendridine A, a Bis-indole Alkaloid from a Marine Sponge Dictyodendrilla Species (2005)

A unique C2-symmetrical 4,4'-bis(7-hydroxy)indole alkaloid, dendridine A (1), was isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge Dictyodendrilla sp., and the structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data. Dendridine A (1) exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Polymorphic Arrays: A Novel VLSI Layout For Systolic Computers (2005)

This paper proposes a novel architecture for massively parallel systolic computers, which is based on results from lattice theory. In the proposed architecture, each processor is connected to four other processors via constant-lenght wires in an regular borderless pattern. The mapping of processes to processors is continuous, and the architecture guarantees exceptional load uniformity for rectangular process arrays of arbitrary sizes. In addition, no timesharing is ever required when the ration of processes to processors is smaller than 1//spl radic/5.
Sponge fatty acids. 3. Occurrence of series of n−7 monoenoic andiso‐5,9 dienoic long‐chain fatty acids in the phospholipids of the marine spongeCinachyrella aff.schulzei keller (1994)

Abstract The fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the New Caledonian sponge Cinachyrella aff. schulzei Keller was studied. More than 60 fatty acids were identified as methyl esters and N ‐acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Two isoprenoid fatty acids also were shown to be present, namely 4,8,12‐trimethyltridecanoic and 5,9,13‐trimethyltetradecanoic acids. The unusual 6‐tetradecenoic, 6‐pentadecenoic, 12‐nonadecenoic and 26‐methylheptacosanoic ( iso ‐28∶0) acids were found for the first time in sponge phospholipids. A series of six n−7 monoenoic long‐chain fatty acids (C 23 to C 28 ) were identified, including the rare 16‐tricosenoic, 18‐pentacosenoic and 21‐octacosenoic acids. Fifteen fatty acids possessing the typical 5,9 dienoic moiety accounted for 30% of the total fatty acid mixture. Two new fatty acids were identified, namely 5( Z )‐octacosenoic and 27‐methyl‐5( Z ),9( Z )‐octacosadienoic ( iso ‐5,9‐29∶2). Based on gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared experiments, the double bonds were assigned the ( Z ) configuration.
Fabrication and Characterization of Re-Entrant Honeycomb Polyurethane Aerogels (2022)

In this work, polyurethane aerogels are fabricated in re-entrant honeycomb forms to achieve auxeticity and much higher flexibility than corresponding aerogel monoliths. For this purpose, a set of re-entrant honeycomb-shaped hollow molds is first printed from high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) using a fused filament fabrication technique and subsequently filled with polyurethane sol synthesized from an aliphatic triisocyanate and a diol selected from among butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, or octanediol. A sol–gel transition process yields the gel in a re-entrant honeycomb shape, which is isolated by dissolving the HIPS mold and supercritically dried using carbon dioxide. The effects of diol chain length on the properties of aerogels, such as bulk density, pore size, and tensile properties are investigated. The auxetic aerogels show different deformation behavior and much higher elongation at break than dogbone-shaped aerogel monoliths. Such unique properties of auxetic structures can extend applications of aerogels as acoustic absorbers and smart bandages that require high porosity, tunable pore structures, and high flexibility.
Next Generation Battery Technologies based on Reversible Lithium Metal Electrodes (2016)

In the late 1980’s a number of companies were attempting to commercialize rechargeable lithium metal batteries. Unfortunately these batteries were plagued by safety problems associated with the stripping and plating of lithium metal in liquid electrolytes. This was followed in 1991 by the highly successful commercial launch of Li-ion batteries by Sony. Although Li-ion battery technology has seen steady incremental improvements since that time, the market demand for a disruptive battery technology is undeniable. Accordingly, over the past few decades there have been significant investments in R&amp;D targeted at next generation batteries. In this presentation we will address strategies for realizing this goal through introduction of reversible lithium metal electrodes.
Experimental tests on fracture strength of nanotubes (2005)

A new experimental and post-analysis procedure to perform tensile-loading experiments on nanofibers, e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or nanowires, is presented. The procedure has been applied to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). At this time, we consider the corresponding results on fracture strength (strain and Young&amp;apos;s modulus) as preliminary, but these preliminary results strongly suggest the presence of defects in the tested nanotubes. Assuming defects like clusters of adjacent vacancies (e.g., atomistic blunt cracks) we tried to rationalize the preliminary experimental data by applying Quantized Fracture Mechanics (QFM). So far the experimental results are not sufficient to validate this approach, and the next step of this research is to obtain much more data, using our new methodology, to further test QFM, including possibly introducing atomistic defects of well-known size and shape in a controlled way.
Pseudoketogenesis in hepatectomized dogs (1990)

Overestimation of ketone body turnover in vivo, measured by tracer kinetics, could occur if specific activity or molar percent enrichment is diluted in extrahepatic tissues by label exchange via reversal of 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase, a process we call pseudoketogenesis. To test this hypothesis, euglycemic hepatectomized dogs were injected with a bolus of acetoacetate (0.8 mmol/kg), 32% enriched in [3,4-13C2]acetoacetate. Concentrations and labeling patterns of blood acetoacetate and R-3-hydroxybutyrate were measured by selected ion-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. During the 60 min after bolus injection of [3,4-13C2]acetoacetate, the molar percent enrichment of blood [3,4-13C2]acetoacetate decreased to 73 +/- 3% (n = 5) in controls and to 11.5 +/- 0.8% (n = 3) during infusion of dichloroacetate, an activator of pyruvate dehydrogenase. The enrichment of R-3-hydroxy-[3,4-13C2]butyrate followed closely that of [3,4-13C2]acetoacetate. These dilutions occurred despite a net uptake of ketone bodies. Concomitantly, 10.6 +/- 2.2 (n = 5) and 6.0 +/- 2.9% (n = 3) of [13C]acetoacetate molecules were labeled on all four carbons in control and dichloroacetate-treated dogs, respectively. This uniformly labeled acetoacetate arises from partial equilibration between [3,4-13C2]acetoacetate and [1,2-13C2]acetyl-CoA via the reactions catalyzed by 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. Our data demonstrate the reversibility of the 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase in intact extrahepatic tissues and support the concept of pseudoketogenesis. This phenomenon has been quantitated by kinetic analysis of the data.
Effect of different molecular subtype reference standards in AI training: implications for DCE-MRI radiomics of breast cancers (2022)

A single breast cancer lesion can have different luminal molecular subtyping when using either immunohistochemical (IHC) staining alone or the St. Gallen criteria that includes Ki-67. This may impact artificial intelligence/computer aided diagnosis (AI/CADx) for determining molecular subtype from medical images. We investigated this using 28 radiomic features extracted from DCE-MR images of 877 unique lesions segmented by a fuzzy c-means method, for three groups of lesions: (1) Luminal A lesions by both reference standards (“agreement”), (2) lesions that were Luminal A by IHC and Luminal B by St. Gallen (“disagreement”), and (3) Luminal B lesions by both reference standards (“agreement”). The Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test for statistically significant differences in groups of lesions was sequentially followed by the Mann-Whitney U test to determine pair-wise statistical difference between groups for relevant features from the KW test. Classification of lesions as Luminal A or Luminal B using all available radiomic features was conducted using three sets of lesions: (1) lesions with IHC alone molecular subtyping, (2) lesions with St. Gallen molecular subtyping, and (3) agreement lesions. Five-fold cross-validation using stepwise feature selection/linear discriminant analysis classifier classified lesions in each set, with performance measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Six features (sphericity, irregularity, surface area to volume ratio, variance of radial gradient histogram, sum average, and volume of most enhancing voxels) were significantly different among the three groups of features with mixed difference of the disagreement group of lesions to the two agreement luminal groups. When using agreement lesions, more features were selected for classification and the AUC was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.003) than using lesions subtyped by either reference standard. The results suggest that the disagreement of reference standards may impact the development of medical imaging AI/CADx methods for determining molecular subtype.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies to SARS-related viruses can be readily induced in rhesus macaques (2022)

To prepare for future coronavirus (CoV) pandemics, it is desirable to generate vaccines capable of eliciting broadly neutralizing antibody responses to CoVs. Here, we show that immunization of macaques with SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein with a two-shot protocol generated potent serum receptor binding domain cross-neutralizing antibody responses to both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1. Furthermore, responses were equally effective against most SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) and some were highly effective against Omicron. This result contrasts with human infection or many two-shot vaccination protocols where responses were typically more SARS-CoV-2 specific and where VOCs were less well neutralized. Structural studies showed that cloned macaque neutralizing antibodies, particularly using a given heavy chain germline gene, recognized a relatively conserved region proximal to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor binding site (RBS), whereas many frequently elicited human neutralizing antibodies targeted more variable epitopes overlapping the RBS. B cell repertoire differences between humans and macaques appeared to influence the vaccine response. The macaque neutralizing antibodies identified a pan-SARS-related virus epitope region less well targeted by human antibodies that could be exploited in rational vaccine design.
Inhibition of infection-induced vascular permeability modulates host leukocyte recruitment to Mycobacterium marinum granulomas in zebrafish (2022)

Mycobacterial granuloma formation involves significant stromal remodeling including the growth of leaky, granuloma-associated vasculature. These permeable blood vessels aid mycobacterial growth, as antiangiogenic or vascular normalizing therapies are beneficial host-directed therapies in preclinical models of tuberculosis across host-mycobacterial pairings. Using the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum infection model, we demonstrate that vascular normalization by inhibition of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) decreases granuloma hypoxia, the opposite effect of hypoxia-inducing antiangiogenic therapy. Inhibition of VE-PTP decreased neutrophil recruitment to granulomas in adult and larval zebrafish, and decreased the proportion of neutrophils that extravasated distal to granulomas. Furthermore, VE-PTP inhibition increased the accumulation of T cells at M. marinum granulomas. Our study provides evidence that, similar to the effect in solid tumors, vascular normalization during mycobacterial infection increases the T cell:neutrophil ratio in lesions which may be correlates of protective immunity.
Early-photon fluorescence tomography: spatial resolution improvements and noise stability considerations (2009)

In vivo tissue imaging using near-infrared light suffers from low spatial resolution and poor contrast recovery because of highly scattered photon transport. For diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), the resolution is limited to about 5-10% of the diameter of the tissue being imaged, which puts it in the range of performance seen in nuclear medicine. This paper introduces the mathematical formalism explaining why the resolution of FMT can be significantly improved when using instruments acquiring fast time-domain optical signals. This is achieved through singular-value analysis of the time-gated inverse problem based on weakly diffused photons. Simulations relevant to mouse imaging are presented showing that, in stark contrast to steady-state imaging, early time-gated intensities (within 200 ps or 400 ps) can in principle be used to resolve small fluorescent targets (radii from 1.5 to 2.5 mm) separated by less than 1.5 mm.
Detection of a True Breeding Homeotic Gene Mutant Pps-1 with Partially Petaloid Sepals in Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and Its Genetic Behavior (2007)

A spontaneous true breeding homeotic gene mutant Pps-1 with distinct partial petaloid sepals was detected in the population of downy mildew (DM)-resistant elite accession I-14 during our studies for the identification of disease resistance sources in opium poppy. The trait was found to be stable and inherited truly in the subsequent generations. Genetic studies were carried out through systematic reciprocal crosses with the parental wild-type genotype I-14, and segregation pattern of phenotypic characteristics in F(1) and F(2) populations clearly indicated single recessive nuclear gene control of the mutant character. The studies have demonstrated that the mutant phenotype is due to mutations at the Pps-1 locus that possibly corresponds to B-class function (according to ABC model) with negative control function. The mutant Pps-1 being single-whorl homeotic mutant might greatly help in providing insight into mechanisms of flower development in opium poppy.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Hindered Quadrant Phosphine Ligands with an Aromatic Ring Backbone for the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Functionalized Alkenes. (2012)

Abstract The Rh catalysts (I) and (II) (0.1‐0.5 mol%) are highly efficient in the asymmetric hydrogenation (3‐10 atm H 2 ) of various dehydroamino acid derivatives and ethenephosphonates (XV).
Synthesis of Halogen and Lead Free Solder Alloy Paste by New Surface Modification Method (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Conjugated microporous polymer nanoparticles with enhanced dispersibility and water compatibility for photocatalytic applications (2015)

Conjugated microporous polymer nanoparticles as highly dispersible heterogeneous organic photocatalysts for photocatalytic applications.
High-Frequency Linear Array (20 MHz) Based on Lead-Free BCTZ Crystal (2023)

Centimeter-sized BaTiO3-based crystals grown by top-seeded solution growth from the BaTiO3-CaTiO3-BaZrO3 system were used to process a high-frequency (HF) lead-free linear array. Piezoelectric plates with (110)pc cut within 1° accuracy were used to manufacture two 1-3 piezo-composites with thicknesses of 270 and [Formula: see text] for resonant frequencies in air of 10 and 30 MHz, respectively. The electromechanical characterization of the BCTZ crystal plates and the 10-MHz piezocomposite yielded the thickness coupling factors of 40% and 50%, respectively. We quantified the electromechanical performance of the second piezocomposite (30 MHz) according to the reduction in the pillar sizes during the fabrication process. The dimensions of the piezocomposite at 30 MHz were sufficient for a 128-element array with a 70- [Formula: see text] element pitch and a 1.5-mm elevation aperture. The transducer stack (backing, matching layers, lens, and electrical components) was tuned with the characteristics of the lead-free materials to deliver optimal bandwidth and sensitivity. The probe was connected to a real-time HF 128-channel echographic system for acoustic characterization (electroacoustic response and radiation pattern) and to acquire high-resolution in vivo images of human skin. The center frequency of the experimental probe was 20 MHz, and the fractional bandwidth at -6 dB was 41%. Skin images were compared against those obtained with a lead-based 20-MHz commercial imaging probe. Despite significant differences in sensitivity between elements, in vivo images obtained with a BCTZ-based probe convincingly demonstrated the potential of integrating this piezoelectric material in an imaging probe.
Synergetic Application of Zero-, One-, and Three-Dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics Approaches for Hydrogen-Fuelled Spark Ignition Engine Simulation (2021)

&lt;div&gt;Nowadays hydrogen, especially if derived from biomass or produced by renewable power, is rising as a key energy solution to shift the mobility of the future toward a low-emission scenario. It is well known that hydrogen can be used with both internal combustion engines (ICEs) and fuel cells (FCs); however, hydrogen-fuelled ICE represents a robust and cost-efficient option to be quickly implemented under the current production infrastructure. In this framework, this article focuses on the conversion of a state-of-the-art 3.0L diesel engine in a hydrogen-fuelled Spark Ignition (SI) one. To preliminarily evaluate the potential of the converted ICE, a proper simulation methodology was defined combining zero-, one-, and three-dimensional (0D/1D/3D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches. First of all, a detailed kinetic scheme was selected for both hydrogen combustion and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emission predictions in a 3D-CFD environment. Afterward, to bring the analysis to a system-level approach, a 1D-CFD predictive combustion model was firstly optimized by implementing a specific laminar flame speed correlation and, secondly, calibrated against the 3D-CFD combustion results. The combustion model was then integrated into a complete engine model to assess the potential benefit derived from the wide range of flammability and the high flame speed of hydrogen on a complete engine map, considering NOx formation and knock avoidance as priority parameters to control. Without a specific modification of turbocharger and combustion systems, a power density of 34 kW/L and a maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of about 42% were achieved, thus paving the way for further hardware optimization (e.g., compression ratio reduction, turbocharger optimization, direct injection [DI]) to fully exploit the advantages enabled by hydrogen combustion.&lt;/div&gt;
Front Cover: Correlation between the Dynamics of Nanoconfined Water and the Local Chemical Environment in Calcium Silicate Hydrate Nanominerals (Chem. Eur. J. 44/2021) (2021)

The ultra-fast synthesis of calcium silicate hydrates was performed in supercritical water that acts as a solvent for mimicking the natural conditions at high pressure and high temperature of the geological process. The synthesised xonotlite and tobermorite represent perfect Ca−OH-rich and Si−OH-rich model nanocrystals for investigating the effect of different chemical environments on the dynamics of confined water. These results could be applied to other water-containing construction materials. More information can be found in the Full Paper by J. S. Dolado, C. Aymonier et al. (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100098).