gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced electron mobility at the two-dimensional metallic surface of BaSnO3 electric-double-layer transistor at low temperatures (2017)

Wide-bandgap oxides exhibiting high electron mobility hold promise for the development of useful electronic and optoelectronic devices as well as for basic research on two-dimensional electron transport phenomena. A perovskite-type tin oxide, BaSnO3, is currently one of such targets owing to distinctly high mobility at room temperature. The challenge to overcome towards the use of BaSnO3 thin films in applications is suppression of dislocation scattering, which is one of the dominant scattering origins for electron transport. Here, we show that the mobility of the BaSnO3 electric-double-layer transistor reaches 300 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 50 K. The improved mobility indicates that charged dislocation scattering is effectively screened by electrostatically doped high-density charge carriers. We also observed metallic conduction persisting down to 2 K, which is attributed to the transition to the degenerate semiconductor. The experimental verification of bulk-level mobility at the densely accumulated surface sheds more light on the importance of suppression of dislocation scattering by interface engineering in doped BaSnO3 thin films for transparent electrode applications.
Segregation in Galfan Hot Dipped Sheet Steel (1990)

AbstractAbstractSegregation in the coating of a commercial Galfan hot-dipped galvanized steel sheet has been examined using EPMA and SIMS. Extensive segregatiol) of Al in the galvanized layer is observed ranging from near 1% Al in the β phase to near 20% Al in the α phase. In some areas the Al concentration is relatively constant, near 5% Al, associated with a fine eutectic structure. A continuous wide band of AlO is observed adjacent to the air surface of the galvanized layer. This supports the statement that the higher corrosion resistance of Galfan, as compared to normal galvanizing, can be attributed to a surface layer of aluminum oxide. The rare earth La+, and possibly Ce+, were observed in the aluminum oxide layer. No rare earths were detected at the steel/galvanized layer surface.
Persistent entanglement in the classical limit (2005)

This article was published in the New Journal of Physics [© IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft] and contains IOP Publishing information ( http://iopscience.iop.org/page/STACKS#metadata) made available under a CC-BY 3.0 licence ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Automated CD-SEM recipe creation: a new paradigm in CD-SEM utilization (2006)

As the trends in integrated circuit fabrication follow Moore's Law to smaller feature sizes, one trend seen in lithographic technology is the continually increasing use of optical enhancements such as Optical Proximity Correction (OPC). Small size perturbations are designed into the nominal feature shapes on the reticle such that the intended shape is printed. Verifying the success of OPC is critical to ramp-up and production of new process technologies. CD-SEMs are imaging tools which are capable of measuring feature sizes in any part of a chip, either in a test structure or within a circuit. A new trend in CD-SEM utilization is the implementation of automated recipe generation of complex CD-SEM recipes. The DesignGauge system uses design-to-SEM recipe creation and data collection. Once the recipe creation flow is implemented, the task of recipe creation can be accomplished within minutes. These applications enable a CD-SEM to be utilized to collect data for very complex OPC CD-SEM recipe runs which measure many different unique linewidths, spaces, and pattern placements within a circuit to check OPC success and lithographic fidelity. The data collection can provide accurate data results that can be utilized for comparing achieved feature measurements to nominal values from the design layout. This new application adds much value to the CD-SEM compared to other technologies such as OCD, as it completes the evaluation of in-circuit behavior to test structures in a scribe lane, something OCD currently cannot do. The present work evaluates the capabilities of DesignGauge, which is available for the latest-generation Hitachi S-9380II CD-SEMs. The evaluation includes rigorous tests of navigation, pattern recognition success rates, SEM image placement, throughput of recipe creation and recipe execution.
Diacyllipid Micelle-Based Nanocarrier for Magnetically Guided Delivery of Drugs in Photodynamic Therapy (2006)

We report the design, synthesis using nanochemistry, and characterization of a novel multifunctional polymeric micelle-based nanocarrier system, which demonstrates combined function of magnetophoretically guided drug delivery together with light-activated photodynamic therapy. Specifically, the nanocarrier consists of polymeric micelles of diacylphospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) (PE-PEG) coloaded with the photosensitizer drug 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH), and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The nanocarrier shows excellent stability and activity over several weeks. The physicochemical characterizations have been carried out by transmission electron micrography and optical spectroscopy. An efficient cellular uptake has been confirmed with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The loading efficiency of HPPH is practically unaffected upon coloading with the magnetic nanoparticles, and its phototoxicity is retained. The magnetic response of the nanocarriers was demonstrated by their magnetically directed delivery to tumor cells in vitro. The magnetophoretic control on the cellular uptake provides enhanced imaging and phototoxicity. These multifunctional nanocarriers demonstrate the exciting prospect offered by nanochemistry for targeting photodynamic therapy.
Multicenter Multireader Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Attention Mapping System for the Detection of Prostate Cancer With Multiparametric MRI (2020)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a multicenter dataset the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) detection system with attention mapping compared with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) interpretation in the detection of prostate cancer. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS.</b> MRI examinations from five institutions were included in this study and were evaluated by nine readers. In the first round, readers evaluated mpMRI studies using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2. After 4 weeks, images were again presented to readers along with the AI-based detection system output. Readers accepted or rejected lesions within four AI-generated attention map boxes. Additional lesions outside of boxes were excluded from detection and categorization. The performances of readers using the mpMRI-only and AI-assisted approaches were compared. <b>RESULTS.</b> The study population included 152 case patients and 84 control patients with 274 pathologically proven cancer lesions. The lesion-based AUC was 74.9% for MRI and 77.5% for AI with no significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.095). The sensitivity for overall detection of cancer lesions was higher for AI than for mpMRI but did not reach statistical significance (57.4% vs 53.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.073). However, for transition zone lesions, sensitivity was higher for AI than for MRI (61.8% vs 50.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Reading time was longer for AI than for MRI (4.66 vs 4.03 minutes, <i>p</i> < 0.001). There was moderate interreader agreement for AI and MRI with no significant difference (58.7% vs 58.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.966). <b>CONCLUSION.</b> Overall sensitivity was only minimally improved by use of the AI system. Significant improvement was achieved, however, in the detection of transition zone lesions with use of the AI system at the cost of a mean of 40 seconds of additional reading time.
Porous SOS, BESOS and SOQ for flat panel emissive displays (2002)

The motivation for this research was to develop an efficient photonic source compatible with silicon VLSI technology for flat panel emissive displays, optical interconnections and optoelectronic applications. Recent research has shown that porous silicon layers can be formed on transparent substrates and offers unique device geometries due to the ability to observe the photoemission through the substrate rather than relying on semitransparent (Au) or transparent (ITO) electrodes. This report details the fabrication of porous silicon layers on transparent sapphire (SOS), quartz (SOQ) and bonded SOS (BESOS) and their corresponding emission spectra.
Teaching the Nature of Biotechnology Using Service-Learning Instruction (2004)

A 2-credit service-learning biotechnology course designed as a general education elective for students of all majors and at all levels was offered as an 8-week, half-semester course. The course met for a total of 3 hours of lecture/discussion and 2 hours of service-learning workshop weekly, during which students participated in discussions about peer-reviewed articles, group problem-solving exercises and reflective journal writing. A service-learning project related to biotechnology and addressing the educational or programmatic initiatives of a local non-profit organization and a service-learning portfolio are required elements of the course. The service-learning project required completion of agency brochures or advocacy letters, or participation in the planning and presentation of a community round table discussion on biotechnology-related issues. Based upon comparative analysis of pre- and post-course surveys, students’ knowledge of biotechnological methods and practical applications of biotechnology increased significantly. Furthermore, students report a greater understanding of the societal implications of the global utilization of biotechnology.
c-Jun, Foxo3a, and c-Myc Transcription Factors are Key Regulators of ATP-Mediated Angiogenic Responses in Pulmonary Artery Vasa Vasorum Endothelial Cells † (2020)

Angiogenic vasa vasorum (VV) expansion plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), a cardiovascular disease. We previously showed that extracellular ATP released under hypoxic conditions is an autocrine/paracrine, the angiogenic factor for pulmonary artery (PA) VV endothelial cells (VVECs), acting via P2Y purinergic receptors (P2YR) and the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ATP-mediated VV angiogenesis, we determined the profile of ATP-inducible transcription factors (TFs) in VVECs using a TranSignal protein/DNA array. C-Jun, c-Myc, and Foxo3 were found to be upregulated in most VVEC populations and formed nodes connecting several signaling networks. siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of these TFs revealed their critical role in ATP-induced VVEC angiogenic responses and the regulation of downstream targets involved in tissue remodeling, cell cycle control, expression of endothelial markers, cell adhesion, and junction proteins. Our results showed that c-Jun was required for the expression of ATP-stimulated angiogenic genes, c-Myc was repressive to anti-angiogenic genes, and Foxo3a predominantly controlled the expression of anti-apoptotic and junctional proteins. The findings from our study suggest that pharmacological targeting of the components of P2YR-PI3K-Akt-mTOR axis and specific TFs reduced ATP-mediated VVEC angiogenic response and may have a potential translational significance in attenuating pathological vascular remodeling.
RF Limiter Metamaterial Using p-i-n Diodes (2011)

We present the design and experimental implementation of an RF limiter metamaterial using a sheet of nonlinear metamaterials. We demonstrate that complementary electric inductive-capacitive resonators loaded with nonlinear p-i-n diodes can act as RF limiter unit cells. We design and fabricate limiter metamaterials and compare them to traditional circuit limiters. Our limiter metamaterial exhibits a minimum insertion loss under 3 dB, a maximum decrease in transmission of 6.95 dB and broadband performance, with a minimum decrease in transmission of 3 dB over 18% bandwidth. The limiter metamaterial is suitable for a wide variety of practical applications requiring protection of sensitive devices from high power.
ASO-Based PKM Splice-Switching Therapy Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth (2021)

Antisense oligonucleotides are used to induce a change in PKM isoform usage in hepatocellular carcinoma, reversing the Warburg effect and inhibiting tumorigenesis.
Inflammatory cell-derived CXCL3 promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis through a novel myofibroblast-hijacked cancer escape mechanism (2021)

Our work provides novel mechanistic insights into understanding PDAC metastasis by the TAM-CAF interaction and targeting each of these signalling components would provide an attractive and new paradigm for treating pancreatic cancer.
Chondroitin Sulfate–Based Biocompatible Crosslinker Restores Corneal Mechanics and Collagen Alignment (2017)

Our results demonstrated that CS-NHS can reinforce normal and KC model corneal mechanics, and restore collagen density and alignment in KC model corneas without causing extensive keratocyte apoptosis and proinflammatory gene upregulation. Therefore, CS-NHS crosslinking can potentially provide an effective, safe, and biocompatible means of corneal reinforcement.
Utility-based Optimisation of Resource Allocation for Wireless Networks (2005)

From providing only voice communications, wireless networks aim to provide a wide range of services in which soft real-time, high priority critical data, and best effort connections seamlessly integrate. Some of these applications and services have firm resource requirements in order to function properly (e.g. videoconferences), others are flexible enough to adapt to whatever is available (e.g. FTP). Providing differentiation and resource assurance is often referred to as providing quality of service (QoS). In this thesis we study how novel resource allocation algorithms can improve the offered QoS of dynamic, unpredictable, and resource constrained distributed systems, such as a wireless network, during periods of overload. We propose and evaluate several bandwidth allocation schemes in the context of cellular, hybrid and pure ad hoc networks. Acceptable quality levels for a connection are specified using resource-utility functions, and our allocation aims to maximise accumulated systemwide utility. To keep allocation optimal in this changing environment, we need to periodically reallocate resources. The novelty of our approach is that we have augmented the utility function model by identifying and classifying the way reallocations affect the utility of different application classes. We modify the initial utility functions at runtime, such that connections become comparable regardless of their flexibility to reallocations or age-related importance. Another contribution is a combined utility/price-based bandwidth allocation and routing scheme for ad hoc networks. First we cast the problem of utility maximisation in a linear programming form. Then we propose a novel distributed allocation algorithm, where every flow bids for resources on the end-to-end path depending on the resource ``shadow price'', and the flow's ``utility efficiency''. Our periodic (re)allocation algorithms represent an iterative process that both adapts to changes in the network, and recalculates and improves the estimation of resource shadow prices. Finally, problems connected to allocation optimisation, such as modelling non-critical resources as costs, or using feedback to adapt to uncertainties in resource usage and availability, are addressed.
VTonDemand: a framework for indexing, searching and on-demand playback of RTP-based multimedia conferences (1999)

In this paper, we describe the implementation of a system for reliable recording and on-demand indexed playback of multimedia conferences using the services provided by RTP (Real-time Transport Protcol) and RTCP (Real-Time Control Protocol) over an intranet. Implementation issues are underlined regarding the file structure used to support random access during playback, the indexing techniques and the database searching capabilities.
Air-Stable, Solution-Processable n-Channel and Ambipolar Semiconductors for Thin-Film Transistors Based on the Indenofluorenebis(dicyanovinylene) Core (2008)

We present here the synthesis, characterization, and field-effect performance of a novel n-channel semiconducting molecule TIFDMT and of the corresponding thiophene-based copolymer P-IFDMT4 based on the indenofluorenebis(dicyanovinylene) core. TIFDMT-based field-effect transistors fabricated by spin-coating exhibit high electron mobilities of 0.10-0.16 cm2/V s in air, low turn-on voltages (0 to +5 V), and high on/off ratios of 10(7)-10(8). These devices also exhibit excellent air stability over a prolonged time of storage in ambient conditions. P-IFDMT4-based devices exhibit the first example of an air-stable ambipolar polymer processable from solution
Supplementary Data from Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Amphiregulin and Epiregulin IHC Predicts Panitumumab Benefit in <i>RAS</i> Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: Baseline patient demographics and disease characteristics. Table S2: mRNA/IHC AREG/EREG concordance table. Figure S1: AREG/EREG IHC scatterplot. Table S3: Prognostic effect of dichotomous AREG/EREG. Table S4: AREG/EREG and RECIST response rate. Table S5: AREG and EREG as individual continuous variables. Table S6: AREG/EREG predictive analyses adjusted for BRAF mutation, PTL and peritoneal metastases. Table S7: Exploratory analyses of different AREG/EREG cut points. Table S8: AREG/EREG IHC in biopsy and resection specimens.&lt;/p&gt;
Sensitive Bio-Detection and Bioimaging by the Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon-Field Enhanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2018)

金属薄膜で覆われた波長サイズの周期構造をもつプラズモニックチップは伝搬型の格子結合型表面プラズモン共鳴（GC-SPR）に基づいた増強蛍光を供給することができる。まずは蛍光増強度を向上させるために，プラズモニックチップの構造について検討した結果を解説する。そして，プラズモニックチップによる蛍光増強を利用して開発した蛍光検出型の高感度イムノセンサーや高感度蛍光顕微鏡イメージングを紹介する。それぞれの系での蛍光増強度や検出感度について議論し，特徴を解説する。
Metamorphic and non-conventional ‘buffer’ layers (2011)

The integration of large lattice mismatch materials through epitaxial growth requires the introduction of a controlled interface or transitional region, often referred to as a buffer layer. These, often relatively thick, transitional layers allow for a change in lattice parameter and a reduction in the threading dislocation density attributed to the required mismatch dislocations in the strain-relaxed materials. New designs for these transitional layers are emerging which allow for a reduction in buffer layer thickness, smoother morphology, and lower threading dislocation densities. These metamorphic buffer layers allowed the development of devices accessing new ranges of performance and, in the case of optical devices, wavelength regimes. The reduction of the buffer layer to a ‘single interface’ may be possible through the use of nano-patterning and advanced processing which provides control over the initial phases of nucleation and strain relaxation.
Effect of Polymer Protection and Film Thickness on Acid Generator Distribution in Chemically Amplified Resists (2009)

Films of chemically amplified resists with different polymer polarity and film thickness were prepared to investigate their effect on acid generator distribution within the film. Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) was used as a polymer, and its polarity was changed by partially protecting its hydroxyl groups. Diphenyliodonium-triflate (DPI-tf) and triphenylsulfonium-antimonate (TPS-Sb) were chosen as an acid generator to enhance the density contrast within the film. Films with acid generator concentration of 10 and 30 wt% were prepared for the non-protected PHS resist film and also films with different thicknesses were prepared for 10 wt% concentration samples. For the partially protected PHS resist films, two films with different thicknesses were prepared for 30 wt% TPS-Sb and 10 wt% DPI-tf films. X-ray reflectivity measurements were performed against the films to investigate the depth density profile. The acid generator distribution was found to be inhomogeneous in most of the films, and the distribution showed film thickness and polarity dependences.
Asymmetric Host Molecule Bearing Pyridine Core for Highly Efficient Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence OLEDs (2020)

In this study, two host materials, pCzBzbCz and pCzPybCz, are synthesized to achieve a high efficiency and long lifetime of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (TADF-OLEDs). The molecular design strategy involves the introduction of a pyridine group into the core structure of pCzPybCz as an electron-withdrawing unit, and an electron-donating phenyl group into the structure of pCzBzbCz. These host materials demonstrate good thermal stability and high triplet energy (T<sub>1</sub> =3.07 eV for pCzBzbCz and 3.06 eV for pCzPybCz) for the fabrication of blue TADF-OLEDs. In particular, pCzPybCz-based OLED devices demonstrate an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.7 % and an operational lifetime of 24 h (LT<sub>90</sub> , time to attain 90 % of initial luminance) at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> . This superior lifetime could be explained by the C-N bond dissociation energy (BDE) in the host molecular structure. Furthermore, a mixed-host system using the electron-deficient 2,4-bis(dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DDBFT) is proposed to inhibit the formation of the anion state of our host materials. In short, the device operational lifetime is further improved by applying DDBFT. The carbazole-based asymmetric host molecule containing a pyridine core realizes a high-efficiency blue TADF-OLED showing a positive effect on the operating lifetime, and can provide useful strategies for designing new host materials.
Intrinsic stress of eutectic Au/Sn die attachment and effect on mode-matched MEMS gyroscopes (2014)

We report on the intrinsic stress imparted to MEMS gyroscopes and the effects on frequency mismatch due to high-temperature die attachment processes, such as eutectic Au/Sn solder. The resonant frequencies of a number of symmetric MEMS gyroscopes are characterized before and after die attachment, along with X-ray imaging to observe the random solder reflow that occurred during attachment. Frequency shift is observed and compared to the die attachment area, with an 87 percent correlation to the length of the solder reflow. A model of the phenomena is presented with less than 0.1 percent agreement to the experimental results, indicating an optimal die attachment for the minimization of stress-induced frequency changes.
Autosomal recessive colobomatous microphthalmia (1994)

Abstract Colobomatous microphthalmia was studied in multiple relatives of 5 families. In these families, the disorder was an autosomal recessive trait as opposed to the usual autosomal dominant form of the disorder. A relatively high incidence of this recessive allele is found in the Iranian Jewish community. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.