gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Table S3 from Intertumoral Heterogeneity of CD3<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Densities in the Microenvironment of DNA Mismatch-Repair–Deficient Colon Cancers: Implications for Prognosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3: Association between T-cell subtypes and covariates in MMR-deficient and -proficient stage III colon cancers.&lt;/p&gt;
Front Matter: Volume 9854 (2016)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9854, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.
Trends in Poor Health Indicators Among Black and Hispanic Middle-aged and Older Adults in the United States, 1999-2018 (2020)

This study suggests that Black-White disparities increased in diabetes, hypertension, and asthma, while Hispanic-White disparities remained in diabetes, hypertension, and uninsured status.
Disulfide cross-linking studies of the transmembrane regions of the aspartate sensory receptor of Escherichia coli. (1991)

The Escherichia coli aspartate receptor, a dimer of identical subunits, has two transmembrane regions (TM1, residues 7-30; TM2, residues 189-212) of 24 residues each. To study the relative placement and orientation of the regions, cysteine residues were introduced individually into the center of each: at positions 17, 18, and 19 in TM1; and at positions 198, 199, 200, and 201 in TM2. Based on the patterns of disulfide cross-linking observed between subunits in the mutant receptors, there appears to be close contact between the TM1 and TM1' regions at the dimer interface but no such direct interaction between the TM2 and TM2' regions. The cross-linking results are consistent with an alpha-helical structure extending across the transmembrane region up through at least residue 36, which lies on the periplasmic side of TM1. The ability of an 18-18' cross-linked dimer to transmit an aspartate-induced transmembrane signal is also supportive of such an extended helix. The changes in relative rates of disulfide cross-linking provide experimental evidence of a conformational change transmitted through the transmembrane domain during signaling. Once formed, disulfides between the transmembrane regions are unusually resistant to reduction by low molecular weight thiols in the presence of denaturants like SDS. These targeted disulfide cross-links can be used to reveal structural and dynamic aspects of protein function.
Koios 2.0: Open-Source Deep Learning Benchmarks for FPGA Architecture and CAD Research (2023)

the prevalence of deep learning (DL) in many applications, researchers are investigating different ways of optimizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) architecture and CAD to achieve better quality-of-results (QoRs) on DL-based workloads. In this optimization process, benchmark circuits are an essential component; the QoR achieved on a set of benchmarks is the main driver for architecture and CAD design choices. However, current academic benchmark suites are inadequate, as they do not capture any designs from the DL domain. This work presents the second version of our suite of DL acceleration benchmark circuits for FPGA architecture and CAD research, called Koios. This suite of 40 circuits covers a wide variety of accelerated neural networks, design sizes, implementation styles, abstraction levels, and numerical precisions. These benchmarks include 32 DL designs and eight synthetic (proxy) benchmarks. The Koios benchmarks are larger, more data parallel, more heterogeneous, more deeply pipelined, and utilize more FPGA architectural features compared to existing open-source benchmarks. This enables researchers to pinpoint architectural inefficiencies for this class of workloads and optimize CAD tools on more representative benchmarks that stress the CAD algorithms in different ways. In this article, we describe the Koios designs, compare their characteristics to prior FPGA benchmark suites, and present results of running them through the verilog-to-routing (VTR) flow using a recent FPGA architecture model. Finally, we present case studies showing how exploration of DL-optimized FPGA architecture and CAD algorithms can be performed using our new benchmark suite.
Complex-field network coding in high-throughput anti-jam wireless networks (2008)

Network coding in wired networks has been shown to achieve considerable throughput gains relative to traditional routing networks. In wireless networks, Galois-field network coding (GFNC) has been explored over the last years. However, the throughput of GFNC-based networks does not scale well as the number of sources increases, which motivates the complex field network coding (CFNC) approach in this thesis. CFNC achieves higher throughput than GFNC in a multi-source network while enabling the full diversity gain provided by the distributed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel regardless of the underlying signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and the constellation used. A link-adaptive regeneration relaying strategy is also developed for CFNC to achieve full diversity with or without error control coding. 
With the help of a relay, CFNC also allows n nodes exchanging information with simultaneous transmissions from multiple sources in a wireless network. Although the ergodic capacity is unknown for wireless multihop networks, the scaling of capacity with the number of nodes (n) has recently received increasing attention. While existing works mainly focus on networks with n source-destination pairs, this thesis deals with capacity scaling in any-to-any wireless links, where each node communicates with all other nodes. As n increases, a hierarchical CFNC-based scheme is developed and shown to achieve asymptotically optimal quadratic capacity scaling in a dense network, where the area is fixed and the density of nodes increases. This is possible by dividing the network into many clusters, with each cluster sub-divided into many sub-clusters, hierarchically. As a result, information is transmitted on MIMO based multiple access channels and broadcast channels. When generalized to extended networks, where the density of nodes is fixed and the area increases linearly with n, the hierarchical CFNC scheme is shown to scale as n 3–α/2 for a path loss exponent α ≥ 2, which is asymptotically optimal when α < 3. 
While a relay node improves the throughput, a jammer node may be present to inhibit or halt the transmission of signals in a tactical (or commercial) wireless network. A two-person zero-sum mutual information game is considered between one jammer ( J ) and one relay ( R ), in both non-fading and fading scenarios.
Systematic Series Expansions for Processes on Networks (2006)

We use series expansions to study dynamics of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems on networks. This analytical method enables us to include detailed nonuniversal effects of the network structure. We show that even low order calculations produce results which compare accurately to numerical simulation, while the results can be systematically improved. We show that certain commonly accepted analytical results for the critical point on networks with a broad degree distribution need to be modified in certain cases due to disassortativity; the present method is able to take into account the assortativity at sufficiently high order, while previous results correspond to leading and second order approximations in this method. Finally, we apply this method to real-world data.
sim2real: Cardiac MR image simulation-to-real translation via unsupervised GANs (2023)

There has been considerable interest in the MR physics-based simulation of a database of virtual cardiac MR images for the development of deep-learning analysis networks. However, the employment of such a database is limited or shows suboptimal performance due to the realism gap, missing textures, and the simplified appearance of simulated images. In this work we 1) provide image simulation on virtual XCAT subjects with varying anatomies, and 2) propose sim2real translation network to improve image realism. Our usability experiments suggest that sim2real data exhibits a good potential to augment training data and boost the performance of a segmentation algorithm.
The receptor for IgE on blood platelets (1986)

Highly purified blood platelets from man and rat could be induced into cytotoxic effectors against schistosome larvae by an IgE-dependent mechanism. Such a process implied the existence of a receptor for the Fc part of IgE on the surface of these blood elements. Normal platelets, incubated in the serum of infected individuals as well as in the IgE-rich serum from asthmatic patients, showed similar capabilities. Flow cytofluorometric analysis evidenced that the platelets bearing IgE receptors represented a subpopulation (20%), the percentage of which was significantly increased (up to 50%) in rats or patients with high levels of circulating IgE. Radiolabeled IgE, whose binding was specifically inhibited by an excess of unlabeled IgE or by anti-Fc epsilon receptor antibody, allowed the demonstration that the receptor for this isotype on the platelet surface was saturable. The binding of increasing amounts of IgE followed a bimodal curve, with less than 1000 sites per platelet showing an affinity coefficient of 3.3 X 10(7) M-1 at low concentrations, and a Ka of 7.8 X 10(5) M-1 for higher concentrations. Beyond their interest in the demonstration of cytotoxic properties of thrombocytes, these observations place emphasis on the potential role of the platelets in immediate-type allergic reactions by their direct interaction with IgE antibody molecules, through a specific receptor.
Modeling and validation of fuel cell water dynamics using neutron imaging (2008)

Using neutron imaging, the mass of liquid water within the gas diffusion layer and flow channels of an operating polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is measured under a range of operating conditions. Between anode purge events, it is demonstrated that liquid water accumulates and is periodically removed from the anode gas channels; this event is well correlated with the dynamic cell voltage response. The estimation of flooding and cell performance is achieved by a spatially distributed (through-membrane plane), temporally-resolved, and two-phase (liquid and vapor) water model. Neutron imaging techniques have never before been applied to characterize flooding with a dead-ended anode and elucidate important issues in water management as well as provide a means for calibrating and validating a dynamic lumped parameter fuel cell model.
Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Hairy Cell Leukemia (2003)

We studied 86 specimens from 24 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) to determine the sensitivity of routine flow cytometry (FC) and consensus primer PCR (cpPCR) in this disease. FC was more sensitive, detecting HCL in 48 (56%) of 86 specimens, while clonal B-cell populations were detected by cpPCR in only 23 (27%) of 86 specimens. FC and cpPCR were both more sensitive than morphologic examination. A positive cpPCR result is associated with higher tumor cell numbers than a negative cpPCR result, as determined by FC (P = .0017). We determined cutoff values for number of tumor cells at which cpPCR is consistently positive. At 6.8 tumor cells per microliter, cpPCR would be expected to be positive in at least 90% of the samples. FC was adequate in 86 cases (100%), while cpPCR was adequate in 74 cases (86%). FC is superior to cpPCR for detecting minimal residual HCL. It is more sensitive and more specific and permits quantitation of tumor cell number.
Ultrashort pulse laser ablation for depth profiling of bacterial biofilms (2010)

Sample ablation by pulsed lasers is one option for removing material from a sample surface for in situ depth profiling during imaging mass spectrometry, but ablation is often limited by laser-induced damage of the remaining material. A preliminary evaluation was performed of sub-100 fs, 800 nm pulsed laser ablation for depth profiling of bacterial biofilms grown on glass by the drip flow method. Electron and optical microscopy were combined with laser desorption vacuum ultraviolet postionization mass spectrometry to analyze biofilms before and after ablation. Ultrashort laser pulses can ablate 10 - 100 µm thick sections of bacterial biofilms, leaving behind a layer of lysed cells. However, mass spectra from intact and ablated biofilms doped with antibiotic are almost identical, indicating little chemical degradation by ablation. These results are consistent with prior observations from laser surgery and support the use of ultrashort pulse laser ablation for minimally disruptive depth profiling of bacterial biofilms and intact biological samples.
ChemInform Abstract: ON A TANDEM 1,2‐ELIMINATION/(1,7)‐SIGMATROPIC SHIFT: SYNTHESIS OF DOUBLE BOND SHIFTED ISOMERS OF VITAMIN A (1985)

Abstract Bei der Benzoesäure‐Eliminierung aus (Ia) erhält man in hohen Ausb. das Trien (IIIa); wider Erwarten können keine dazu isomeren Verbindungen isoliert werden.
Non‐invasive evaluation of tumour hypoxia in the Shionogi tumour model for prostate cancer with 18 F‐EF5 and positron emission tomography (2007)

Differences in hypoxia between AD and AI, but not RG, Shionogi tumours can be detected non-invasively with 18F-EF5 and PET. As prostate tumours are hypoxic and the oxygen levels can change with androgen ablation, noninvasive imaging of hypoxia with PET and 18F-EF5 might ultimately have a prognostic and/or diagnostic role in the clinical management of the disease.
Spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems: moving toward compact nanophotonics‐based sensing (2021)

Abstract With the emerging trend of big data and internet‐of‐things, sensors with compact size, low cost and robust performance are highly desirable. Spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems enable measurement of spectral and 3D information of the ambient environment. These systems have been widely applied in different areas including environmental monitoring, autonomous driving, biomedical imaging, biometric identification, archaeology and art conservation. In this review, modern applications of state‐of‐the‐art spectral imaging and spectral LIDAR systems in the past decade have been summarized and presented. Furthermore, the progress in the development of compact spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing systems has also been reviewed. These systems are based on the nanophotonics technology. The most updated research works on subwavelength scale nanostructure‐based functional devices for spectral imaging and optical frequency comb‐based LIDAR sensing works have been reviewed. These compact systems will drive the translation of spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing from table‐top toward portable solutions for consumer electronics applications. In addition, the future perspectives on nanophotonics‐based spectral imaging and LIDAR sensing are also presented.
Copolymers of fluorinated polydienes and sulfonated polystyrene (2023)

Copolymers of fluorinated polydienes and sulfonated polystyrene and their use in fuel cell membranes, batteries, breathable chemical-biological protective materials, and templates for sol-gel polymerization.
An Insect Cell Line Persistently Infected with a Baculovirus-Like Particle (1978)

A persistent infection by a baculovirus-like particle was found in the established lepidopteran (Heliothis zea) cell line, IMC-HZ-1. The virus caused CPE in less than 1% of the IMC-HZ-1 cells, as measured by phase-contrast and electron microscopy. Transmission tests showed that four lepidopteran cell lines were susceptible to the persistent virus (designated as IMC-HZ-1-NOV). In inoculated TN-368 cell cultures, 90–100% infection was achieved. The ultrastructure and development of IMC-HZ-1-NOV in cell cultures were similar to known baculoviruses, and it is probable that this persistent virus is a member of the family Baculoviridae. Two lepidopterous species (Estigmene acrea and H. zea) inoculated with IMC-HZ-1-NOV by intrahemocoelic injection and/’orper os feeding of larvae were not susceptible.
Transmitter Synthesis for Advanced Modulation Formats Utilizing Silica-LiNbO3 Hybrid Integration Technology (2013)

Silica-LiNbO3 hybrid integration has opened up the possibility of synthesizing advanced transmitters, including dual-carrier 16 QAM modulators and flexible-format modulators. They can provide the best mix of optics and electronics, and are the key to future optical transport systems.
Test Statistics Null Distributions in Multiple Testing: Simulation Studies and Applications to Genomics (2005)

Les tests d’hypothèses multiples sont fréquemment utilisés dans le domaine de la recherche biomédicale et génomique, en l’occurrence, pour l’identification de gènes différentiellement exprimés et co-exprimés à partir des données issues de puces à ADN. Nous avons développé des procédures de tests multiples avec rééchantillonnage, à pas simple mais aussi pas à pas, pour contrôler une vaste classe de taux d’erreurs de première espèce, définis par des probabilités de queues de distributions et des espérances de fonctions arbitraires du nombre de faux positifs et du nombre total d’hypothèses nulles rejetées. Parmi les contributions fondamentales de notre méthodologie, notons la caractérisation générale et la construction explicite d’une distribution nulle pour les statistiques de test (plutôt qu’une distribution génératrice de données nulle). Cette distribution garantit le contrôle du taux d’erreurs de première espèce pour des problèmes de tests multiples pour des lois génératrices de données présentant une structure de dépendance quelconque, des hypothèses nulles définies de manière générale en terme de sous-modèles, et des statistiques de test arbitraires.
Characterization of Thermal and Electrical Stability of MOCVD HfO[sub 2]-HfSiO[sub 4] Dielectric Layers with Polysilicon Electrodes for Advanced CMOS Technologies (2004)

The thermal and electrical stability of dielectric layers with polysilicon electrodes are investigated in view of their use as gate dielectrics in advanced complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. The layers were deposited on 1 nm silicon oxide layers using metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In situ p-doped polysilicon electrodes were deposited using rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition and low pressure chemical vapor deposition, respectively. The influence of rapid thermal annealing and postdeposition annealing of the high-k layers was investigated using MOS capacitors. The lowest equivalent oxide thickness was around 19.3 Å with a leakage current reduction of approximately 1000 times as compared to MOSFETs fabricated using a standard direct gate etch approach were used to study the stability of the dielectric and device properties as functions of activation anneal and implant conditions. A major problem was found to be the stability of the threshold voltage After 50 consecutive dc sweeps from −1 to +2 V, the threshold voltage of n-MOS devices shifted 50-200 mV. Using pulsed measurement technique, a hysteresis on the order of 300-400 mV was found. Only a minor improvement was achieved by different annealing of the layers. In conclusion, it was found that these layers exhibit unacceptably high instability to provide a solution as a gate dielectric for advanced CMOS technologies. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Speech Perception Performance Growth and Benchmark Score Achievement After Cochlear Implantation for Single-Sided Deafness (2021)

No significant difference in speech perception performance growth (i.e., time-to-benchmark speech perception score) was identified between SSD and bilateral hearing loss CI recipients, although patients with bilateral hearing loss achieved higher scores in the implanted ear within the first year of follow-up.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Increases the Risk of Peptic Ulcers in Chronic Users of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (1996)

The objective was to study the gastrointestinal complications in chronic NSAID users with Helicobacter pylori infection. Eighty-two Chinese patients on long-term NSAID or aspirin treatment were studied for the occurrence of H. pylori infection and gastroduodenal mucosal injuries by upper endoscopy. H. pylori infection was confirmed by CLO test, histology and bacteriological cultures. Frequency and severity of symptoms of dyspepsia were also assessed. Thirty-three (40%) patients were diagnosed to have H. pylori infection and 49 (60%) patients were not infected. The two groups were comparable in age, sex, smoking and drinking habit and the use of anti-ulcer drags. Twenty-four out of 33 (72.7%) H. pylori-positive patients and 31 out of 49 (63%) of H. pylori-negative patients were found to have macroscopic lesions by endoscopy. The overall incidence of gastroduodenal lesions in the H. pylori positive patients was not significantly different from the H. pylori-negative patients (p = 0.34). However a higher incidence of duodenal ulcers in the H. pylori-infected group than the H. pylori-negative group (33% vs 6%, p = 0.0001) was found. The difference in severity and frequency of dyspeptic symptoms between the two groups did not reach statistical significance. H. pylori infected chronic NSAID users is associated with a higher rate of duodenal ulcer.
Ferromagnetism in Cu-doped AlN films (2009)

AlN films doped with 3.2–8.2 at. % Cu were deposited by helicon magnetron sputtering. The films exhibited ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature above 360 K. The observed magnetic anisotropy and exclusion of ferromagnetic contamination indicated that the ferromagnetism was the intrinsic property of Cu-doped AlN films. Room-temperature (RT) saturation magnetization (Ms) tended to decrease with increasing Cu concentration and the maximum RT Ms obtained was about 8.5 emu/cm3 (0.6 μB/Cu). Vacuum annealing increased the RT Ms values and meanwhile reduced ratio of N/(Al+Cu), which suggested that Al interstitial and N vacancy might contribute to the observed ferromagnetic behavior.
Amplification of the genes BCHE and SLC2A2 in 40% of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. (1997)

Gene amplification is a common genetic change in human cancer cells. Previously, we provided the first evidence for gene amplification at chromosome band 3q26 in squamous cell lung carcinoma. In this study, the following analyses were performed: (a) we evaluated biopsies and paraffin-embedded tissues of 16 additional squamous cell lung carcinomas for gene amplification using reverse chromosome painting. Of the 16 tumors, 3 tumors showed an amplification of the entire long arm of chromosome 3, and 3 tumors showed various amplifications on 3q, all of which involved chromosome band 3q26; (b) we tested eight genes encompassing region 3q25-qter in two different tumors to identify amplified genes on chromosome 3q. The genes SI, BCHE, and SLC2A2 were amplified in both tumors; and (c) we analyzed 15 additional paraffin-embedded tissues to determine the amplification frequency of these genes. Of the 15 squamous cell lung carcinomas, 6 showed amplification for at least 1 of the genes, with BCHE and SLC2A2 as the genes most frequently amplified. Together, our reverse chromosome painting data and our PCR analysis indicate gene amplification at 3q26 in 40% of all squamous cell lung carcinomas with BCHE and SLC2A2 as possible target genes of the amplification unit in squamous cell lung carcinoma.