gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Superior Placement of the Acetabular Component on the Rate of Loosening after Total Hip Arthroplasty. Long-Term Results in Patients Who Have Crowe Type-II Congenital Dysplasia of the Hip* (1996)

A method for measurement of the true acetabular region and the approximate femoral head center as well as a classification consisting of four zones for assessment of the acetabular position of the acetabular cup were used to analyze the results of primary total hip arthroplasty with cement in 117 patients (145 hips). All patients had Crowe type-II congenital dysplasia of the hip. The mean age at the time of the arthroplasty was fifty-one years (range, fifteen to seventy-six years), and the mean duration of follow-up was fourteen years (range, two to twenty-two years). The initial position of the acetabular cup outside of the true acetabular region and outside of zone 1 (inferior and medial) was associated with an increase in the rates of loosening (p < 0.05) and revision (p < 0.04) of the femoral components. Cups that initially were more than fifteen millimeters superior to the approximate femoral head center, without lateral displacement, were associated with an increased rate of loosening (p < 0.001) and of revision (p < 0.04) of the femoral components as well as with an increased rate of loosening (p < 0.002) and of revision (p < 0.01) of the acetabular components. These findings suggest that superior positioning of the acetabular component, even without lateral displacement, leads to increased rates of loosening of the femoral and acetabular components. An attempt should be made to position the acetabular component in or near the true acetabular region.
The evolution of angled MMI structure on the SOI platform (2014)

The angled multimode interferometer (AMMI) was recently demonstrated as a wavelength division (de)multiplexing (WDM) structure employing the phenomenon of dispersive self-imaging in a multimode planar waveguide. It has distinct advantages including very low insertion loss, ease of fabrication and good tolerance to fabrication error. Here, we first demonstrated a further optimized single 4-channel AMMI on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform with a low insertion loss of &lt; 1 dB, a low cross talk of &lt; -23 dB and a non-uniformity of &lt; 0.5 dB. However, a single AMMI is limited to have small channel count with a relatively large channel spacing in order to maintain high-performance WDM functionality. Therefore we subsequently demonstrated two structures derived from a single AMMI on the SOI platform: An 8-channel WDM comprising of two 4-channel AMMIs interleaved by an imbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) was fabricated. Low-insertion-loss and low-cross-talk operation was achieved without active tuning structures.
Neutrophil Depletion Exacerbates Pregnancy Complications, Including Placental Damage, Induced by Silica Nanoparticles in Mice (2018)

Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of nanoparticles with innovative functions in various fields. However, the biological effects of nanoparticles-particularly those on the fetus-need to be investigated in detail, because several previous studies have shown that various nanoparticles induce pregnancy complications in mice. In this regard, our previous findings in mice suggested that the increase in peripheral neutrophil count induced by treatment with silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 70 nm (nSP70) may play a role in the associated pregnancy complications. Therefore, here, we sought to define the role of neutrophils in nSP70-induced pregnancy complications. The peripheral neutrophil count in pregnant BALB/c mice at 24 h after treatment with nSP70 was significantly higher than in saline-treated mice. In addition, maternal body weight, uterine weight, and the number of fetuses in nSP70-treated mice pretreated with anti-antibodies, which deplete neutrophils, were significantly lower than those in nSP70-treated mice pretreated with phosphate-buffered saline or isotype-matched control antibodies. Histology revealed that neutrophil depletion increased nSP70-induced placental damage from the decidua through the spongiotrophoblast layer and narrowed spiral arteries in the placentae. In addition, depletion of neutrophils augmented nSP70-induced cytotoxicity to fetal vessels, which were covered with endothelium. The rate of apoptotic cell death was significantly higher in the placentae of anti-nSP70-treated mice than in those from mice pretreated with isotype-matched control antibodies. Therefore, impairment of placental vessels and apoptotic cell death due to nSP70 exposure is exacerbated in the placentae of nSP70-treated mice pretreated with anti-antibodies. Depletion of neutrophils worsens nSP70-induced pregnancy complications in mice; this exacerbation was due to enhanced impairment of placental vessels and increased apoptotic cell death in maternal placentae. Our results provide basic information regarding the mechanism underlying silica-nanoparticle-induced pregnancy complications.
Ultrabroad Terahertz Spectrum Generation from an Air-Based Filament Plasma (2016)

We have solved the long-standing problem of the mechanism of terahertz (THz) generation by a two-color filament in air and found that both neutrals and plasma contribute to the radiation. We reveal that the contribution from neutrals by four-wave mixing is much weaker and higher in frequency than the distinctive plasma lower-frequency contribution. The former is in the forward direction while the latter is in a cone and reveals an abrupt down-shift to the plasma frequency. Ring-shaped spatial distributions of the THz radiation are shown to be of universal nature and they occur in both collimated and focusing propagation geometries. Experimental measurements of the frequency-angular spectrum generated by 130-fs laser pulses agree with numerical simulations based on a unidirectional pulse propagation model.
Camel antibodies for therapeutic and research applications. (2007)

All camelids and dromedaries in particular have unique antibodies circulating in their blood. Unlike antibodies from all other species these special antibodies are devoid of light chains, and are composed of a heavy chain dimmer only. An immune response is raised in these so-called Heavy-Chain Antibodies (HCAb) following a classical immunisation protocol. These HCAb are easily purified from serum, and were shown to interact with parts of the antigen that are less antigenic to conventional antibodies. Therefore a new class of antibodies is obtained that binds to epitopes that are difficult to target with human or mouse antibodies. Since the antigen binding site of the dromedary HCAb is comprised within one single domain, referred to as VHH or Nanobody (Nb, because of its size in the nm range), we designed a strategy to clone the Nb repertoire of an immunised dromedary and to select the Nbs with specificity for our target antigens. These monoclonal Nbs are well produced in bacteria, are very stable and highly soluble, and they bind the antigen with high affinity and specificity. Currently, we successfully developed such recombinant Nbs as probe in biosensors or to diagnose infections. In addition, the strict monomeric behaviour of Nbs make them ideal for linkage to other molecules exerting special effector function, to generate pluripotent and multidomain man-made drugs to treat diseases like cancer or trypanosomiasis.
Modified Microkeratome-Assisted Posterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Using a Tissue Adhesive (2006)

Sutureless microkeratome-assisted posterior lamellar keratoplasty using tissue adhesive may become a new alternative in the surgical treatment of corneal endothelial disorders.
Conversion of Distiller’s Grain into Fuel Alcohol and a Higher-Value Animal Feed by Dilute-Acid Pretreatment (2004)

Over the past three decades ethanol production in the United States has increased more than 10-fold, to approx 2.9 billion gal/ yr (mid-2003), with ethanol production expected to reach 5 billion gal/ yr by 2005. The simultaneous coproduction of 7 million t/ yr of distiller’s grain (DG) may potentially drive down the price of DG as a cattle feed supplement. The sale of residual DG for animal feed is an important part of corn dry-grind ethanol production economics; therefore, dry-grind ethanol producers are seeking ways to improve the quality of DG to increase market penetration and help stabilize prices. One possible improvement is to increase the protein content of DG by converting the residual starch and fiber into ethanol. We have developed methods for steam explosion, SO2, and dilute—sulfuric acid pretreatment of DG for evaluation as a feedstock for ethanol production. The highest soluble sugar yields (~77% of available carbohydrate) were obtained by pretreatment of DG at 140°C for 20 min with 3.27 wt% H2SO4. Fermentation protocols for pretreated DG were developed at the bench scale and scaled to a working volume of 809 L for production of hydrolyzed distiller’s grain (HDG) for feeding trials. The pretreated DG was fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D5A, with ethanol yields of 73% of theoretical from available glucans. The HDG was air-dried and used for turkey-feeding trials. The inclusion of HDG into turkey poult (as a model non-ruminant animal) diets at 5 and 10% levels, replacing corn and soybean meal, showed weight gains in the birds similar to controls, whereas 15 and 20% inclusion levels showed slight decreases (-6%) in weight gain. At the conclusion of the trial, no negative effects on internal organs or morphology, and no mortality among the poults, was found. The high protein levels (58–61%) available in HDG show promising economics for incorporation of this process into corn dry-grind ethanol plants.
Resonant Coupling between Molecular Vibrations and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Faceted Metal Oxide Nanocrystals (2017)

Doped metal oxides are plasmonic materials that boast both synthetic and postsynthetic spectral tunability. They have already enabled promising smart window and optoelectronic technologies and have been proposed for use in surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) and sensing applications. Herein, we report the first step toward realization of the former utilizing cubic F and Sn codoped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals (NCs) to couple to the C-H vibration of surface-bound oleate ligands. Electron energy loss spectroscopy is used to map the strong near-field enhancement around these NCs that enables localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling between adjacent nanocrystals and LSPR-molecular vibration coupling. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and finite element simulations are applied to observe and explain the nature of the coupling phenomena, specifically addressing coupling in mesoscale assembled films. The Fano line shape signatures of LSPR-coupled molecular vibrations are rationalized with two-port temporal coupled mode theory. With this combined theoretical and experimental approach, we describe the influence of coupling strength and relative detuning between the molecular vibration and LSPR on the enhancement factor and further explain the basis of the observed Fano line shape by deconvoluting the combined response of the LSPR and molecular vibration in transmission, absorption and reflection. This study therefore illustrates various factors involved in determining the LSPR-LSPR and LSPR-molecular vibration coupling for metal oxide materials and provides a fundamental basis for the design of sensing or SEIRA substrates.
Study of magnetization reversal in perpendicularly magnetized TbCo based spin-valves (2010)

Author(s): Gottwald, Matthias; Lin, Wei Wei; Hehn, Michel; Montaigne, Francois; Lengaigne, Gwladys; Mangin, Stephane; Im, Mi-Young; Fischer, Peter
A Sensitivity and Linearity Improvement of a 100-dB Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor Using a Lateral Overflow Integration Capacitor (2006)

In a CMOS image sensor featuring a lateral overflow integration capacitor in a pixel, which integrates the overflowed charges from a fully depleted photodiode during the same exposure, the sensitivity in nonsaturated signal and the linearity in saturated overflow signal have been improved by introducing a new pixel circuit and its operation. The floating diffusion capacitance of the CMOS image sensor is as small as that of a four transistors type CMOS image sensor because the lateral overflow integration capacitor is located next to the reset switch. A 1/3-inch VGA format (640/sup H//spl times/480/sup V/ pixels), 7.5/spl times/7.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ pixel color CMOS image sensor fabricated through 0.35-/spl mu/m two-poly three-metal CMOS process results in a 100 dB dynamic range characteristic, with improved sensitivity and linearity.
Supplementary Tables S1 & S2 from Androgen-Induced Differentiation and Tumorigenicity of Human Prostate Epithelial Cells (2023)

Supplementary Tables S1 &amp; S2 from Androgen-Induced Differentiation and Tumorigenicity of Human Prostate Epithelial Cells
Mechanistic Studies of the Acidolysis Reactions Occurring in Silicon-Containing Bilayer Photoresists (2002)

As the feature sizes of semiconductor devices continue to shrink, there is an increasing interest in thin film imaging approaches such as silicon-based bilayer resists. We have developed such a resist based on a copolymer of 4-hydroxystyrene with a silicon-containing monomer, which functions simultaneously as the acid-sensitive component and a source of O2 etch resistance. In an attempt to understand the reactions that occur in the photoresist film, the acidolysis reactions of the 2-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]ethyl moiety have been studied in solution. Acid-catalyzed cleavage of the model 2-trimethylsilylethyl acetate in solution proceeds via a nucleophilic attack on the silicon atom of the protonated acetate. Protonation of 2-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]ethyl acetate is postulated to lead to a bridged siliconium cation, which reacts with nucleophiles along three pathways and yields products in which a nucleophile is attached to a silicon atom. This mechanism is consistent with the silylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the photoresist film consisting of a copolymer of 4-hydroxystyrene with 2-[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]ethyl methacrylate, observed during photolithographic processing.
Phase I trial of OTS11101, an anti‐angiogenic vaccine targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 in solid tumor (2012)

OTS11101 is a novel peptide vaccine that acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor by inducing cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells that specifically target vascular endothelial cells expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1. We conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose, and pharmacodynamic biomarker status of this vaccine. Nine patients with advanced solid tumors received 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mg of OTS11101 subcutaneously, once a week in a 28-day cycle. Three patients experienced grade 1 injection site reactions, which were the most frequent adverse events. Grade 2 proteinuria and hypertension each occurred in one patient. As other toxicities were generally mild, the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Furthermore, we explored the induction of specific activated CTLs, and biomarkers related to angiogenesis. A pharmacodynamics study revealed that induction of specific CTLs was observed for a dose of 2.0 and 3.0 mg. The serum concentrations of soluble VEGF receptor 1 and 2 after vaccination increased significantly compared with baseline. A microarray was performed to give a comprehensive analysis of gene expression, suggesting that OTS11101 vaccination resulted in T cell activation in a clinical setting. In conclusion, OTS11101 was well tolerated in patients up to 3.0 mg once weekly and our biomarker analysis suggested that this anti-angiogenesis vaccine is biologically active.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Inhibition of HIV‐1 Replication in Macrophages by Antisense Oligonucleotides, Ribozymes and Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonate Analogues Delivered in pH‐Sensitive Liposomes (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of Suspended AlGaAs waveguides for tunable difference frequency generation in mid-IR (2009)

A birefringent phase-matching scheme for difference frequency generation in a slotted air-clad waveguide with tunable gap width is proposed and theoretically analyzed. Tunability of 300 cm−1 and efficiency of 200 W−1cm−2 is predicted.
Dioxypyrrole-Based Polymers via Dehalogenation Polycondensation Using Various Electrophilic Halogen Sources (2012)

A convenient and efficient deiodination polycondensation method for the synthesis of dioxypyrrole-based (XDOP) polymers is reported. N-Halosuccinimides, iodine, and bromine were evaluated as halogenating agents to produce 2,5-halodioxypyrroles in situ via halodecarboxylation of 3,4-dioxypyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acids, which were then polymerized at 60 °C using dichloromethane or chloroform as solvent. When iodine and N-iodosuccinimide were employed as electrophilic halogen sources, the methodology produced macromolecules (Mn = 6.2–22.9 kDa) in satisfactory yields (55–71%) for two N-alkyl-3,4-dialkyloxypyrrole-based monomers that were tested. This method can be employed to produce a variety of XDOP-based homopolymers and regioregular copolymers starting from discrete oligomers under relatively mild reaction conditions.
Detection and Quantitation of Radiolabeled Proteins and DNA in Gels and Blots (2002)

This appendix presents procedures for visualizing and quantitating radiolabeled proteins or DNA separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or affixed to filter membranes. Autoradiography is the most common method by which this is accomplished; X-ray film is the traditional recording medium. Film images can be analyzed by densitometry as described to obtain a quantitative measure of the radioactivity in the sample. The use of X-ray films for autoradiography, however, suffers from lack of sensitivity and limited linear range. Protocols are provided for overcoming these limitations using fluorography and intensifying screens, both of which enhance the radioactive signal. Sensitivity and linear ranges of measurement can be greatly extended by using a phosphor imaging system, which also makes it much faster and easier to quantify radioactive samples.
Aspergillus Protein Degradation Pathways with Different Secreted Protease Sets at Neutral and Acidic pH (2010)

Aspergillus fumigatus grows well at neutral and acidic pH in a medium containing protein as the sole nitrogen source by secreting two different sets of proteases. Neutral pH favors the secretion of neutral and alkaline endoproteases, leucine aminopeptidases (Laps) which are nonspecific monoaminopeptidases, and an X-prolyl dipeptidase (DppIV). Acidic pH environment promotes the secretion of an aspartic endoprotease of pepsin family (Pep1) and tripeptidyl-peptidases of the sedolisin family (SedB and SedD). A novel prolyl peptidase, AfuS28, was found to be secreted in both alkaline and acidic conditions. In previous studies, Laps were shown to degrade peptides from their N-terminus until an X-Pro sequence acts as a stop signal. X-Pro sequences can be then removed by DppIV, which allows Laps access to the following residues. We have shown that at acidic pH Seds degrade large peptides from their N-terminus into tripeptides until Pro in P1 or P'1 position acts as a stop for these exopeptidases. However, X-X-Pro and X-X-X-Pro sequences can be removed by AfuS28 thus allowing Seds further sequential proteolysis. In conclusion, both alkaline and acidic sets of proteases contain exoprotease activity capable of cleaving after proline residues that cannot be removed during sequential digestion by nonspecific exopeptidases.
Two-User Interference Channels With Local Views: On Capacity Regions of TDM-Dominating Policies (2013)

We study the limits of reliable communication in two-user interference channels where each of the two transmitters knows a different subset of the four channel gains characterizing the network state. In order to systematically analyze this problem, we introduce two concepts. First, we define a local view model for network state information at each transmitter, wherein each transmitter knows only a subset of the four channel gains. This subset may be mismatched from that of the other transmitter, limiting the ability of the two transmitters to coordinate transmission decisions. Second, we define a notion of maximal rate regions achievable by transmission policies that dominate time-division multiplexing (TDM). Specifically, these “TDM-dominating capacity regions” characterize rates achievable when transmission schemes must, for every possible realization of network state, achieve rates at least as good as what can be achieved through TDM. We consider a set of seven symmetric local views based on an assumption that each transmitter uses the same mechanism to gather its local view. For five out of the seven local views, we show that TDM is sufficient to achieve the full TDM-dominating capacity region for the linear deterministic interference channel. For these five local views, our result implies that no single policy can achieve a rate point outside the TDM region without inducing sub-TDM performance in another network state. The common traits shared by the two remaining local views (those with better performance than TDM) are: first, each transmitter knows its outgoing interference channel gain, and second, there exists at least one channel gain known to both transmitters. For these two local views, transmitters can use their knowledge to achieve opportunistic rate gains beyond TDM. Using the relationship between the linear deterministic channel and the Gaussian channel, we extend our conclusions to bounded gap characterizations of the TDM-dominating capacity region for the Gaussian interference channel with local views.
Synthesis and biology of the rigidified glutamate analogue, trans-2-carboxyazetidine-3-acetic acid (t-CAA) (1996)

Chemical approaches to the (−)- and (+)-trans-2-carboxyazetidine-3-acetic acids (−)-1 and (+)-1, and their homologues (−)-2 and (+)-2, compounds that represent rigidified analogues of glutamate (glu), are reported together with the complete biological characterization of (+)-1 (t-CAA) at the known glu recognition sites. t-CAA was found to be an inhibitor of Na+-dependent glu uptake and to act as a kainate receptor ligand.
Subtyping Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae Type b by Outer-Membrane Protein Profiles (1981)

Outer-membrane proteins from isolates of Haemophilus influenzae type b were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sarcosinate-insoluble membrane preparations contained one peptide with a molecular weight of 16,000 and four major peptides with molecular weights of 25,000-40,000. A peptide with a molecular weight of 49,000 (50,000 in some strains) was observed after the samples were heated at 100 C. Fifty-one isolates obtained from patients hospitalized with invasive diseases, primarily meningitis, could be subclassified into nine categories based on reproducible and clearly resolvable differences in the outer-membrane protein profiles. Five categories accounted for 92% of the isolates. Complete concordance was observed in subtypes of strains obtained from epidemiologically related cases and contacts. Thus, comparison of the major outer-membrane proteins of H. influenzae type b is a useful technique for investigating the transmission of the organism and may provide a basis for further immunologic characterization of the outer-membrane proteins.