gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin und Proinsulin haben eine vergleichbare adipogenetische Potenz bei der Ausdifferenzierung mesenchymaler Stammzellen in vitro (2006)

Einleitung: Bei höhergradiger Dysfunktion sezerniert die ß-Zelle neben Insulin auch Proinsulin, das nur einen Bruchteil der blutzuckersenkenden Potenz des Insulins besitzt. Seit langem wird jedoch spekuliert, dass Proinsulin zumindest vergleichbare Auswirkungen wir Insulin auf die Adipogenese haben könnte.
Linear and nonlinear optics of switchable terahertz metasurfaces (2018)

We present experimental studies of the linear and nonlinear optical response of switchable terahertz metasurfaces, using terahertz ellipsometry and nonlinear transmission spectroscopy with intense THz pulses.
Fusarium infection complicating rheumatic keratitis that acutely progressed to endophthalmitis during regular infusion of tocilizumab: a case report (2021)

The rapid progression of Fusarium keratitis to endophthalmitis in a patient who was receiving a regular infusion of tocilizumab demonstrates that ocular condition should be closely monitored during systemic tocilizumab administration due to increased risk of infection.
Intradialytic hypotension: Frequency, sources of variation and correlation with clinical outcome (2014)

Intradialytic hypotension (IH) is a frequent complication of hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with increased patient mortality and cardiovascular events. We studied IH to determine its variability, correlates, and clinical impact in 13 outpatient HD facilities. Blood pressure was captured by machine download. IH was defined as >30 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure to <90 mmHg. Risk factors were assessed by logistic regression and hospitalization by Poisson regression. Time to death and first hospitalization were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis in patients completing >20 HD treatments. We studied IH in 44,801 treatments (Tx) in 1137 patients. IH was frequent (17.2% of treatments) and highly variable by patient (0-100% Tx) and dialysis facility (11.1-25.8% Tx). 25.1% of patients had no IH (0% Tx) and 16.2% had IH on >35% Tx. Increased IH frequency was associated with age, female gender, diabetes, Hispanic origin, longer end stage renal disease vintage, higher body mass index, higher ultrafiltration volume, the second and third weekly Tx, lower pre-HD systolic blood pressure, higher difference between prescribed and achieved post-HD weight, and higher dialysate temperature. Dialysis facility was an independent predictor of IH frequency. Patients with >35% IH treatments had poorer survival (P = 0.036), and more frequent and longer hospitalization (P = 0.04, P = 0.002, respectively) than patients without IH. In conclusion, IH frequency was highly variable, associated with individual facilities, patient and treatment characteristics, and correlated with mortality and hospitalization. Identifying practice patterns associated with IH coupled with routine reporting of IH will facilitate medical management and may result in the prevention of IH, decreased mortality, and decreased hospitalization.
Surface PM Machine Parameter Selection for Wide Field-Weakening Applications (2007)

Recent work on fractional-slot pitch, concentrated winding (FSCW) surface PM machines has shown that these machines can achieve a wide constant-power speed range. This paper shows that defining the allowable machine design parameter plane using the characteristic current and the peak back-emf provides useful insights into how application requirements restrict the machine parameters. The parameter plane also shows the influence of changing the parameters on the machine's current rating and magnet losses. As an example of a practical application, the parameter plane is used to study the FreedomCAR traction motor drive requirements and the characteristics of five FSCW surface PM machine designs.
FlashLook: 100-Gbps hash-tuned route lookup architecture (2009)

Since the recent increase in the popularity of services that require high bandwidth, such as high-quality video and voice traffic, the need for 100-Gbps equipment has become a reality. In particular, next generation routers are needed to support 100-Gbps worst-case IP lookup throughput for large IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables, while keeping the cost and power consumption low. It is challenging for today's state-of-the-art IP lookup schemes to satisfy all of these requirements. In this paper, we propose FlashLook, a low-cost, high-speed route lookup architecture scalable to large routing tables. FlashLook allows the use of low-cost DRAMs, while achieving high throughput. Traditionally, DRAMs are not known for their high throughput due to their high latency. However, FlashLook architecture achieves high-throughput with DRAMs by using the DRAM bursts efficiently to hide DRAM latency. FlashLook has a data structure that can be evenly partitioned into DRAM banks, a novel hash method, HashTune to smooth the hash table distribution and a data compaction method called verify bit aggregation to reduce memory usage of the hash table. These features of the FlashLook results in better DRAM memory utilization and less number of DRAM accesses per lookup. FlashLook achieves 100-Gbps worst-case throughput while simultaneously supporting 2M prefixes for IPv4 and 256k prefixes for IPv6 using one FPGA and 9 DRAM chips. FlashLook provides fast real-time updates that can support updates according to real update statistics.
Continuous Photochemical Generation of Catalytically Active [CpRu]+ Complexes from CpRu(η6-C6H6)PF6 (2011)

Inter- and intramolecular ene-yne coupling reactions catalyzed by a species generated in situ via photolysis of CpRu(η(6)-C(6)H(6))PF(6)--an inexpensive, readily available, and shelf-stable complex--have been demonstrated under conditions of continuous flow. Importantly, the catalyst can be recovered quantitatively at the end of the reaction. Various functional groups are tolerated by the reaction, which affords skipped diene products in high yields.
A Molecular Technique Useful in the Detection of Occult Metastases in Patients with Melanoma: RT-PCR Analysis of Sentinel Lymph Nodes and Peripheral Blood (2003)

When cutaneous melanoma is confined to the skin, simple excision with adequate margins will usually cure the patient (1,2). Local recurrences do occur but reexcision still results in a very high cure rate. When cutaneous melanoma spreads beyond the primary site, the metastases are predominantly by way of the lymphatics. If in-transit disease or regional lymph node involvement is present, the 5-yr survival rate drops to approx 60% (1-3). Accurate staging of the locoregional lymphatic basin is thus extremely important. Pre- operative lymphoscintigraphy followed by selective lymphadenectomy has revolutionized the staging of cutaneous melanoma by delivering to the pathologist only those nodes that are most likely to contain metastatic cells (4). A close examination of these sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) by serial sectioning and immunohistochemical staining can detect very minute quantities of melanoma. This type of detailed examination is impossible in standard lymphadenectomy specimens that can contain 20-40 lymph nodes. The standard technique used to examine large numbers of lymph nodes is to examine only 1-5% of each node using hematoxylin and eosin staining. This can obviously miss micrometastatic disease and understage the patient.
Hourly Awakening vs Continuous Contact Lens Sensor Measurements of 24-Hour Intraocular Pressure (2014)

The 24-hour IOP rhythms seem to be unaffected by hourly nocturnal awakening for IOP measurements in young healthy individuals.
How Carvedilol activates β2-adrenoceptors (2022)

Carvedilol is among the most effective β-blockers for improving survival after myocardial infarction. Yet the mechanisms by which carvedilol achieves this superior clinical profile are still unclear. Beyond blockade of β<sub>1</sub>-adrenoceptors, arrestin-biased signalling via β<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptors is a molecular mechanism proposed to explain the survival benefits. Here, we offer an alternative mechanism to rationalize carvedilol's cellular signalling. Using primary and immortalized cells genome-edited by CRISPR/Cas9 to lack either G proteins or arrestins; and combining biological, biochemical, and signalling assays with molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that G proteins drive all detectable carvedilol signalling through β<sub>2</sub>ARs. Because a clear understanding of how drugs act is imperative to data interpretation in basic and clinical research, to the stratification of clinical trials or to the monitoring of drug effects on the target pathway, the mechanistic insight gained here provides a foundation for the rational development of signalling prototypes that target the β-adrenoceptor system.
Optimizing Read Mapping to Reference Genomes to Determine Composition and Species Prevalence in Microbial Communities (2012)

The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) aims to characterize the microbial communities of 18 body sites from healthy individuals. To accomplish this, the HMP generated two types of shotgun data: reference shotgun sequences isolated from different anatomical sites on the human body and shotgun metagenomic sequences from the microbial communities of each site. The alignment strategy for characterizing these metagenomic communities using available reference sequence is important to the success of HMP data analysis. Six next-generation aligners were used to align a community of known composition against a database comprising reference organisms known to be present in that community. All aligners report nearly complete genome coverage (>97%) for strains with over 6X depth of coverage, however they differ in speed, memory requirement and ease of use issues such as database size limitations and supported mapping strategies. The selected aligner was tested across a range of parameters to maximize sensitivity while maintaining a low false positive rate. We found that constraining alignment length had more impact on sensitivity than does constraining similarity in all cases tested. However, when reference species were replaced with phylogenetic neighbors, similarity begins to play a larger role in detection. We also show that choosing the top hit randomly when multiple, equally strong mappings are available increases overall sensitivity at the expense of taxonomic resolution. The results of this study identified a strategy that was used to map over 3 tera-bases of microbial sequence against a database of more than 5,000 reference genomes in just over a month.
1.5 Octave Highly Coherent Fiber Frequency Comb (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Ruehl, K. C. Cossel, M. J. Martin, H. McKay, B. Thomas, L. Dong, M. E. Fermann, J. M. Dudley, I. Hartl, and J. Ye, "1.5 Octave Highly Coherent Fiber Frequency Comb," in CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2011), paper CThK3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Restoration design in IP over reconfigurable WDM. networks. (2009)

The concept of the excitatory action of GABA during early development is based on data obtained mainly in brain slice recordings. However, in vivo measurements as well as observations made in intact hippocampal preparations indicate that GABA is in fact inhibitory in rodents at early neonatal stages. The apparent excitatory action of GABA seems to stem from cellular injury due to the slicing procedure, which leads to accumulation of intracellular Cl(-) in injured neurons. This procedural artifact was shown to be attenuated through various manipulations such as addition of energy substrates more relevant to the in vivo situation. These observations question the very concept of excitatory GABA in immature neuronal networks.
Imaging Circulating Tumor Cells in Freely Moving Awake Small Animals Using a Miniaturized Intravital Microscope (2014)

Metastasis, the cause for 90% of cancer mortality, is a complex and poorly understood process involving the invasion of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into blood vessels. These cells have potential prognostic value as biomarkers for early metastatic risk. But their rarity and the lack of specificity and sensitivity in measuring them render their interrogation by current techniques very challenging. How and when these cells are circulating in the blood, on their way to potentially give rise to metastasis, is a question that remains largely unanswered. In order to provide an insight into this "black box" using non-invasive imaging, we developed a novel miniature intravital microscopy (mIVM) strategy capable of real-time long-term monitoring of CTCs in awake small animals. We established an experimental 4T1-GL mouse model of metastatic breast cancer, in which tumor cells express both fluorescent and bioluminescent reporter genes to enable both single cell and whole body tumor imaging. Using mIVM, we monitored blood vessels of different diameters in awake mice in an experimental model of metastasis. Using an in-house software algorithm we developed, we demonstrated in vivo CTC enumeration and computation of CTC trajectory and speed. These data represent the first reported use we know of for a miniature mountable intravital microscopy setup for in vivo imaging of CTCs in awake animals.
Power-Law Kinetics and Determinant Criteria for the Preclusion of Multistationarity in Networks of Interacting Species (2013)

We present determinant criteria for the preclusion of nondegenerate multiple steady states in networks of interacting species. A network is modeled as a system of ordinary differential equations in which the form of the species formation rate function is restricted by the reactions of the network and how the species influence each reaction. We characterize families of so-called power-law kinetics for which the associated species formation rate function is injective within each stoichiometric class and thus the network cannot exhibit multistationarity. The criterion for power-law kinetics is derived from the determinant of the Jacobian of the species formation rate function. Using this characterization, we further derive similar determinant criteria applicable to general sets of kinetics. The criteria are conceptually simple, computationally tractable, and easily implemented. Our approach embraces and extends previous work on multistationarity, such as work in relation to chemical reaction networks with dynamics defined by mass-action or noncatalytic kinetics, and also work based on graphical analysis of the interaction graph associated with the system. Further, we interpret the criteria in terms of circuits in the so-called DSR-graph.
The DTM Gigabit Network (1994)

DTM is a set of protocols for high-speed networks, based on bandwidth reservation and with support for dynamic reallocation of bandwidth. It is designed for real-time multimedia applications and for high-speed computer communication. DTM uses a novel medium-access technique and provides a multicast, fast circuit-switched service. Several DTM networks can be connected into one large network. A prototype implementation and testbed is being constructed.
Live Cell Imaging of Paxillin in Rolling Neutrophils by Dual-Color Quantitative Dynamic Footprinting (2011)

Our data suggest that the spectral properties of the fluorochrome do not affect the results. DqDF will be useful for simultaneous visualization of two fluorochromes in the footprint of rolling cells.
Optimal guardrail runout lengths for freeways (2016)

Guardrails have commonly been installed to prevent errant vehicles from impacting roadside hazards. However, guardrail impacts have contributed to numerous serious injuries and fatalities. Plus, guardrails are generally impacted more often because they are installed closer to the edge of travel way and are much longer than the shielded hazard itself. Thus, to reduce the frequency of guardrail crashes, an optimized length should be determined. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Roadside Design Guide (RDG) has suggested guardrail runout lengths which are dependent on posted speed limit and traffic volumes. Crash data analyses and simulation using the recently-updated Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAPv3) was conducted to evaluate the guardrail length-of-need (LON) associated with the lowest crash cost (i.e., cost associated with injuries and property damage) and maximum cost-effectiveness for freeways. Crash data involving Kansas guardrail systems, which were compliant with recommendations provided in the 2006 AASHTO RDG and occurring on freeways with divided medians, were collected and analyzed. The frequency, rate, and risk of shielded hazard crashes were extremely low. RSAPv3 analyses indicated that there was an economic and safety benefit to reducing the installed LON as well as utilizing different runout lengths for left- and right-side departures for divided roadways.
059 Daridorexant: A dual, equipotent, and insurmountable antagonist of both orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors (2021)

Abstract Introduction The orexin neuropeptide–receptor system is a central sleep and wake regulator in the brain. The two orexin receptor subtypes, OX1R and OX2R, are expressed either alone or together in all major wake-promoting brain areas. OX1R and OX2R activation by orexins causes elevation of intracellular calcium, which enhances synaptic transmission in secondary, monoaminergic wake- and arousal-promoting neurotransmitter circuits. Orexin receptor antagonists represent a novel and specific treatment of insomnia, which is different from classical therapy that more broadly inhibits brain activity via GABAA activation. Here we describe the molecular pharmacology of daridorexant, an orexin receptor antagonist which has proven highly effective in improving sleep and daytime functioning in insomnia patients. Methods Orexin-A(OxA)-induced calcium release assays in OX1R- and OX2R-expressing recombinant cell lines were applied to measure the antagonistic potency and kinetic properties of daridorexant in functional assays. Whole-cell competitive binding assays, using an orthosteric tracer were employed to determine the Ki of daridorexant. Comparisons were made with suvorexant and lemborexant. Results In OxA-induced calcium release assays with 2-h pre-incubation time, daridorexant displayed apparent Kb values of 0.5 nM (OX1R) and 0.8 nM (OX2R) with insurmountable antagonism on both receptors, demonstrating equipotent and highly effective functional inhibition of both receptor subtypes. On-target residence times of daridorexant (37oC) expressed as receptor occupancy half-lives (ROt1/2) were 4 min (OX1R) and 8 min (OX2R). In binding assays, daridorexant behaved as highly potent orthosteric antagonist. Also suvorexant behaved as dual insurmountable antagonist at OX1R/OX2R (appKb=0.7nM/1.0nM; ROt1/2=9 min/6 min) and as potent orthosteric antagonist in binding assays. Interestingly, lemborexant displayed a different interaction profile at OX1R/OX2R (appKb=13nM/0.4nM, ROt1/2&amp;lt;2min/&amp;lt;2min), i.e. it behaved as preferential OX2R antagonist with a very short on-target residence time and little insurmountability. Conclusion Daridorexant displays the desired target interaction profile of a dual, equipotent, and insurmountable antagonist of both OX1R and OX2R, which ensures equally efficient inhibition of both arousal-/wake-promoting receptor subtypes. Daridorexant′s on-target residence times are long enough to cause insurmountable inhibition, but short enough to avoid pharmacodynamic effects after drug elimination. Support (if any) Funded by Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
Translation of Unspliced Transcripts After Heat Shock (1988)

Severe heat shocks block the splicing of intervening sequences from messenger RNA precursors. The RNA's that accumulate after a severe heat shock have normal transcription start sites and are uncut at both their 5' and 3' splice junctions. Some of these unspliced transcripts leave the nucleus and enter the pool of cytoplasmic messenger RNA. Translation of these RNA's proceeds into their intervening sequences, resulting in the production of abnormal proteins. Thus, the repression of normal transcription, which usually accompanies the heat shock response, may protect the cell from the large-scale synthesis of abnormal RNA's and aberrant proteins.
Removal of N-Alkyl Modifications from N(superscript 2)- Alkylguanine and N(superscript 4)-Alkylcytosine in DNA by the Adaptive Response Protein AlkB (2013)

The AlkB enzyme is an Fe(II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that repairs DNA alkyl lesions by a direct reversal of damage mechanism as part of the adaptive response in E. coli. The reported substrate scope of AlkB includes simple DNA alkyl adducts, such as 1-methyladenine, 3-methylcytosine, 3-ethylcytosine, 1-methylguanine, 3-methylthymine, and N6-methyladenine, as well as more complex DNA adducts, such as 1,N6-ethenoadenine, 3,N4-ethenocytosine, and 1,N6-ethanoadenine. Previous studies have revealed, in a piecemeal way, that AlkB has an impressive repertoire of substrates. The present study makes two additions to this list, showing that alkyl adducts on the N2 position of guanine and N4 position of cytosine are also substrates for AlkB. Using high resolution ESI-TOF mass spectrometry, we show that AlkB has the biochemical capability to repair in vitro N2-methylguanine, N2-ethylguanine, N2-furan-2-yl-methylguanine, N2-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl-methylguanine, and N4-methylcytosine in ssDNA but not in dsDNA. When viewed together with previous work, the experimental data herein demonstrate that AlkB is able to repair all simple N-alkyl adducts occurring at the Watson–Crick base pairing interface of the four DNA bases, confirming AlkB as a versatile gatekeeper of genomic integrity under alkylation stress.
Influence of Pneumoperitoneum on Small Bowel Anastomoses: A Histological Analysis in the Rat Model (2005)

Laparoscopic techniques are increasingly applied for the treatment of diverse gastrointestinal diseases. With regard to reports of a pronounced decrease of intra-abdominal blood flow with increasing intra-abdominal pressure, the present study investigates the impact of pressure and gas type on ischemia in small bowel anastomoses in the rat model. Laparotomy and ileoileal anastomosis were performed in 39 male Sprague-Dawley rats. A CO2 or helium pneumoperitoneum of 3 mm Hg or of 6 mm Hg was maintained before and after anastomoses. Rats in the control group received no pneumoperitoneum. Animals were sacrificed after 5 d, and the anastomotic region was explanted for subsequent histopathological examinations. In hematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained sections, the Chiu score, villi configuration, and number of goblet cells were analyzed. Proliferation (Ki67) and expression of a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Mucosal damage according to the scoring system by Chiu, the number of goblet cells, the villus length, the proliferation (Ki67), and the submucosal expression of MMP-8 was similar in all groups. Our results suggest that within a certain range of pressures and time, laparoscopic assisted surgery using CO2 pneumoperitoneum can be performed safely. Helium gas offers no advantages over CO2.