gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaktionen mit phosphororganischen Verbindungen, XLIII.Strukturelle Abwandlungen an Nucleosiden mit Hilfe von Triphenylphosphan/Azodicarbonsäureester (1978)

Abstract Nucloeophile Substitutionen mit Hilfe des Systems Triphenylphosphan/Azodicarbonsäureester ermöglichen ‐ wegen des weitgehenden Ausbleibens von Nachbargruppenbeteiligungen ‐ den Austausch der sekundären 3′‐Hydroxygruppe von Nucleosiden gegen Azid und Iod unter Inversion der Konfiguration. Aus 5′‐ O ‐Tritylthymidin ( 1 ) oder 5′‐ O ‐Trityldesoxyadenosin ( 3 ) entstehen mit dem genannten Reagenzsystem und N 3 H 1‐(3′‐Azido‐2′,3′‐didesoxy‐5′‐ O ‐trityl‐β‐D‐ threo ‐pentofuranosyl)thymin ( 2a ) bzw. 9‐(3′‐Azido‐2′,3′‐didesoxy‐5′‐ O ‐trityl‐β‐D‐ threo ‐pentofuranosyl)adenin ( 4a ). Analog bildet sich aus 2′,5′‐ O ‐Bistrityluridin ( 5 ) 1‐(3′‐Azido‐3′‐desoxy‐2′,5′‐di‐ O ‐trityl‐β‐D‐xylofuranosyl)uracil ( 6a ). 3′,5‐ O ‐Bistrityluridin ( 7 ) liefert dagegen unter den gleichen Bedingungen das O 2 ‐2′‐Cyclonucleosid 8a . Bei der Substitution der 3′‐Hydroxygruppe von 5′‐ O ‐Tritylthymidin ( 1 ) durch Iod mit Hilfe des genannten Reagenzsystems und CH 3 I entstehen sowohl 1‐(3′‐Iod‐2′,3′‐didesoxy‐5′‐ O ‐trityl‐β‐D‐ threo ‐pento‐furanosyl)thymin ( 2b ) als auch 5′‐ O ‐Trityl‐ O 2 ‐3′‐cyclothymidin ( 2c ).
Minimally Invasive Retrograde Method of Harvesting the Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon: A Cadaveric Study (2019)

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Utilization of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon is well described for several tendon augmentation procedures. Recently, several authors have described a minimally invasive (MI) technique to harvest the tendon utilizing a hamstring tendon stripper. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of harvesting the FHL tendon utilizing this novel technique. Methods: The FHL tendon was harvested through a transverse plantar incision over the interphalangeal joint of the great toe in 10 fresh-frozen cadaver lower extremities. Complications, tendon length and interconnections between the FHL and flexor digitorum longus (FDL) were recorded. The specimens were then dissected by a single surgeon in a standardized fashion and damage to any surrounding structures was recorded. Results: The average length of the FHL tendon from the distal stump to the 1st inter-tendinous connection was 13.33 cm (range 8.8-16 cm, SD: 2.28 cm). Eight cadavers demonstrated Plaass Type 1 interconnections while 2 were Type 3. There was no injury to the medial and lateral plantar arteries or nerves, plantar plate or FDL tendons. One FHL tendon was amputated during graft harvesting. Conclusion: Care must be taken when approaching the sustentaculum with the tendon harvester in order to avoid amputation of the graft against a hard bony endpoint. Additionally, flexion and extension of the lateral toes can aid in successful tendon harvest when tendon interconnections are encountered. Utilizing this MI technique appears to be a safe and effective way to obtain a long FHL tendon graft tissue augmentation.
Monoclonal antibodies to glycoproteins of Vinca alkaloid-resistant human leukemic cells. (1985)

Drug resistance is a major problem in the successful treatment of cancer. Resistance to one drug is often associated with cross-resistance to other anticancer agents. This is commonly seen with the "natural product" anticancer drugs such as the Vinca alkaloids and anthracyclines. In experimental systems, specific changes in plasma membranes characterize this "multiple drug resistance." The most prominent of these is the enhanced expression in several systems of high-molecular-weight glycoproteins ranging from Mr approximately equal to 150,000 to approximately equal to 180,000, the amount of which has been shown to be related to the degree of drug resistance. We report here the production of three monoclonal antibodies that bind preferentially to the surfaces of cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts resistant to the Vinca alkaloid vinblastine. Each antibody recognizes a surface membrane glycoprotein with molecular weights of 180,000 to 210,000. Additionally, two of the antibodies also recognize a second surface glycoprotein with molecular weights of either approximately equal to 155,000 or approximately equal to 130,000. All of these glycoproteins are overexpressed in the alkaloid-resistant cells. While a Mr approximately equal to 180,000 protein has been shown to be associated with multiple drug resistance, the other two glycoproteins have not been described previously in these cells. These antibodies may be useful in studies of the mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as in screening cells from drug-resistant patients for these resistance-associated glycoproteins.
Sketch-based manga retrieval using manga109 dataset (2016)

Manga (Japanese comics) are popular worldwide. However, current e-manga archives offer very limited search support, i.e., keyword-based search by title or author. To make the manga search experience more intuitive, efficient, and enjoyable, we propose a manga-specific image retrieval system. The proposed system consists of efficient margin labeling, edge orientation histogram feature description with screen tone removal, and approximate nearest-neighbor search using product quantization. For querying, the system provides a sketch-based interface. Based on the interface, two interactive reranking schemes are presented: relevance feedback and query retouch. For evaluation, we built a novel dataset of manga images, Manga109, which consists of 109 comic books of 21,142 pages drawn by professional manga artists. To the best of our knowledge, Manga109 is currently the biggest dataset of manga images available for research. Experimental results showed that the proposed framework is efficient and scalable (70 ms from 21,142 pages using a single computer with 204 MB RAM).
Do Senso Comum ao Conhecimento Científico: Etapas para a Redação de um Artigo (2021)

Currently, it is increasingly required that investigations are published, contributing to the knowledge that goes beyond common sense. However, writing a scientific paper is not an easy task. It imposes a lot of motivation, time, and persistence for the researcher. Helping students and young researchers to design a paper structure according to the norms of the American Psychology Association (APA) and the scientific journals guidelines is the present goal. Research methodologies (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed) are mentioned, preceded by the different sections that constitutes a scientific paper (title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusions, and references). In each section, it is briefly mentioned what should be its content, trying to clarify its composition, focusing on the importance of carrying out a deliberative process regarding the selection of the journal where is intended to publish.
Thymidine Incorporation by the Microbial Community of Standing Dead Spartina alterniflora (1986)

Thymidine incorporation by the microbial community on standing dead leaves of Spartina alterniflora did not obey many of the assumptions inherent in the use of the technique in planktonic systems. Incorporation rates of [methly-H]thymidine were nonsaturable over a wide concentration range (10 to 10 nM). Owing to metabolism by both fungi and bacteria, a major fraction of the radiolabel (mean, 48%) appeared in protein. Extraction of the radiolabeled macromolecules was inefficient, averaging 8.8%. Based on an empirically derived conversion factor, 4 x 10 cells . mol of thymidine, doubling times ranged from 4 to 69 h for the epiphytic bacterial assemblage.
Two-Lift Concrete Paving – Case Studies and Reviews from Sustainability, Cost Effectiveness and Construction Perspectives (2014)

Two-lift concrete paving (2LCP) involves placing two layers of concrete (wet-on-wet) instead of a single homogeneous layer. The practice not only allows the use of local aggregates that might not be suitable for conventional pavement, but also provides opportunities for incorporating recycled materials and higher levels of supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) to produce an economical and sustainable pavement. The practice can also produce durable pavements through the optimization of top lift mixture design with desirable surface characteristics including improved skid resistance and reduced noise. While 2LCP could become a viable and competitive alternative to conventional single-lift paving, challenges of 2LCP are to have the proper paving equipment and pavement construction management, the right mixture proportions to ensure the use of local materials in the bottom lift to result in an economical placement and to ensure a high quality top lift. Through information collected from an extensive literature review, surveys, interviews and a recently hosted 2LCP workshop, a summary of benefits of 2LCP from sustainability and cost effectiveness perspectives was provided. Four 2LCP projects recently constructed in the U.S. were summarized as case studies. This paper also discusses additional requirements in materials, equipment and construction, project scheduling and jobsite management, which will be beneficial in the implementation of 2LCP construction.
The coming decade of digital brain research - A vision for neuroscience at the intersection of technology and computing (2022)

Brain research has in recent years indisputably entered a new epoch, driven by substantial methodological advances and digitally enabled data integration and modeling at multiple scales – from molecules to the whole system. Major advances are emerging at the intersection of neuroscience with technology and computing. This new science of the brain integrates high-quality basic research, systematic data integration across multiple scales, a new culture of large-scale collaboration and translation into applications. A systematic approach, as pioneered in Europe’s Human Brain Project (HBP), will be essential in meeting the pressing medical and technological challenges of the coming decade. The aims of this paper are To develop a concept for the coming decade of digital brain research To discuss it with the research community at large, with the aim of identifying points of convergence and common goals To provide a scientific framework for current and future development of EBRAINS To inform and engage stakeholders, funding organizations and research institutions regarding future digital brain research To identify and address key ethical and societal issues While we do not claim that there is a ‘one size fits all’ approach to addressing these aspects, we are convinced that discussions around the theme of digital brain research will help drive progress in the broader field of neuroscience. <strong>Comments on this manuscript are welcome</strong> This manuscript is a living document that is being further developed in a participatory process. The work has been initiated by the Science and Infrastructure Board of the Human Brain Project (HBP). Now, the entire research community is invited to contribute to shaping the vision by submitting comments. Comments can be submitted via an online commentary form here. All submitted comments will be considered and discussed. The final decision on whether edits or additions will be made to the next version of the manuscript based on an individual comment will be made by the Science and Infrastructure Board (SIB) of the Human Brain Project (HBP) at regular intervals. New versions of the manuscript will be published every few months on Zenodo. Comments may be submitted until the beginning of 2023. During the Human Brain Project Summit 2023, the manuscript will be adopted by HBP and non-HBP participants, and a final version will be published shortly after.
Large-area monocrystalline silicon thin films by annealing of macroporous arrays: Understanding and tackling defects in the material (2009)

A concept that could provide a thin monocrystalline-silicon absorber layer without resorting to the expensive step of epitaxy would be very appealing for reducing the cost of solar cells. The empty-space-in-silicon technique by which thin films of silicon can be formed by reorganization of regular arrays of cylindrical voids at high temperature may be such a concept if the high quality of the thin film could be ensured on centimeter-large areas. While previous works mainly investigated the influence of the porous array on the final structure, this work focuses on the practical aspects of the high-temperature step and its application to large areas. An insight into the defects that may form is given and the origin of these defects is discussed, providing recommendations on how to avoid them. Surface roughening, pitting, formation of holes, and silicon pillars could be attributed to the nonuniform reactions between Si, SiO2, and SiO. Hydrogen atmospheres are therefore preferred for reorganization of macroporous arrays. Argon atmospheres, however, may provide high-quality silicon thin films as well, possibly even more easily transferable, as long as annealing is performed in controlled, clean, and oxygen-free conditions. Our experiments on large areas also highlight the importance of kinetics, which had not been considered up to now and which will require further understanding to ensure a complete reorganization over any wafer area.
Localised states and their capture characteristics in amorphous phase-change materials (2019)

As phase-change materials are poised to play a key role in next-generation computing systems, improving the current understanding of electrical transport in their amorphous phase can further strengthen their technological competitiveness. Even though the interaction of charge carriers with disorder-induced localised states largely affect the field-dependent conductivity, a clear link between electrical transport and specific features of the electronic density of states (DOS) could not be established yet due to a lack of knowledge of the capture characteristics of trap states. Here, we address this knowledge gap and employ modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (MPC) to investigate localised states in the frequently studied amorphous phase of Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub>. Additionally, we present results on the DOS in the bandgap of amorphous AgIn-doped Sb<sub>2</sub>Te, which has not been subject to high-resolution DOS spectroscopy before. We find experimental evidence for clearly non-constant capture coefficients among a continuous spectrum of localised states in both studied materials. According to this observation especially in AgIn-doped Sb<sub>2</sub>Te, where no pronounced defect can be detected as main channel for carrier emission, we point out the necessity of modifying the current Poole-Frenkel-based transport modelling.
Photo tourism: exploring photo collections in 3D (2023)

We present a system for interactively browsing and exploring large unstructured collections of photographs of a scene using a novel 3D interface. Our system consists of an image-based modeling front end that automatically computes the viewpoint of each photograph as well as a sparse 3D model of the scene and image to model correspondences. Our photo explorer uses image-based rendering techniques to smoothly transition between photographs, while also enabling full 3D navigation and exploration of the set of images and world geometry, along with auxiliary information such as overhead maps. Our system also makes it easy to construct photo tours of scenic or historic locations, and to annotate image details, which are automatically transferred to other relevant images. We demonstrate our system on several large personal photo collections as well as images gathered from Internet photo sharing sites.
Borehole data integration for shear-wave imaging (2017)

There are many technical arguments to support multi-component and shear wave recording, but it seems a fair statement to say that the commercial potential has not been realized. Perhaps the problem stems from wavefield propagation complexities not being handled properly or fundamental limitations imposed by the near surface. The promises of C-wave and S-wave imaging are well known – greater sensitivity to fractures, a more direct measure of density contrast, imaging through gas. But the associated challenges of shear wave imaging are many: statics and near surface scattering, anisotropic velocity analysis, depth conversion and event registration, to name a few. It seems essential to move to depth imaging if the full promise of multi-component data is to be realized. As P-p processing moves to more complex velocity models, including tilted orthorhombic, perhaps it would be fruitful to see what impact such models might have on shear wave imaging. As is now well established for P-p depth imaging, the integration of borehole data is essential to build anisotropic models and provide focused images. The role of borehole data, including sonic and multi-offset VSP, needs to be revisited when it comes to the challenge of building and calibrating orthotropic models for shear wave depth imaging. Perhaps orthotropic models will better match some of the inherent complexities of shear wave propagation, and an easier route to the promises of shear wave imaging will present itself with full borehole data integration. The presentation will deal with layered orthorhombic model building from borehole data, with a focus on shear waves. Sonic anisotropy and multi-offset/multi-azimuth VSP data will be integrated in the anisotropic model building process. Ray tracing in layered monoclinic media will be used, and AVA vs. azimuth will be investigated.
Novel cis-[(NHC)1(NHC)2(L)Cl]platinum(ii) complexes – synthesis, structures, and anticancer activities (2016)

A general synthesis of novel platinum(ii) complexes bearing two different, cis-oriented, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands is presented. Easily accessible cis-[Pt<sup>II</sup>(NHC)(DMSO)] precursor complexes were converted to either cis-[Pt<sup>II</sup>(NHC)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>] complexes such as 5a and 5b, or to novel mixed cis-[Pt<sup>II</sup>(NHC)<sup>1</sup>(NHC)<sup>2</sup>Cl<sub>2</sub>] complexes such as 5c-h by successive introduction of the individual carbene ligands. The 'symmetric' complexes 5a and 5b were also converted to cationic cis-[Pt<sup>II</sup>(NHC)<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)Cl]<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>-</sup> complexes 8a and 8b. The structures of the ten new complexes, comprising benzylated and alkylated imidazol-2-ylidene ligands, were analysed by <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>195</sup>Pt NMR spectroscopy and also by X-ray diffraction for 5a, 5d, 5h, and 8a. The neutral complexes 5 were cytotoxic against a panel of seven human cancer cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the low micromolar range, while the cationic complexes 8 reached even nanomolar IC<sub>50</sub> values. Complex 5h carrying the substitution pattern of the natural antitumoral agent Combretastatin A-4 showed a conspicuous specificity for cancer cell lines sensitive to this drug. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the cis-biscarbene complexes 5b and 8b led to an unwinding or aggregation of plasmid DNA, while the trans-biscarbene complex 1b showed no such effect.
A temperature variation tolerant 60 GHz Low Noise Amplifier with current compensated bias circuit (2013)

This paper presents a temperature variation tolerant 60 GHz Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for mm-wave communication systems. The proposed temperature compensated bias circuit is utilized for the common source LNA. The temperature variation of S21 is 1.71dB in the temperature range from -20°C to 100°C, which is 47% lower than the value reported in previous work. The Figure of Merit (FoM) of the proposed LNA at 25°C is comparable to the top value of state-of-the-art work and FoM at 100°C is also comparable to those reported in the literature operated at room temperature.
Nanovaccine administration route is critical to obtain pertinent iNKt cell help for robust anti-tumor T and B cell responses (2020)

Nanovaccines, co-delivering antigen and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell agonists, proved to be very effective in inducing anti-tumor T cell responses due to their exceptional helper function. However, it is known that iNKT cells are not equally present in all lymphoid organs and nanoparticles do not get evenly distributed to all immune compartments. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the vaccination route on iNKT cell help to T and B cell responses for the first time in an antigen and agonist co-delivery setting. Intravenous administration of PLGA nanoparticles was mainly targeting liver and spleen where iNKT1 cells are abundant and induced the highest serum IFN-y levels, T cell cytotoxicity, and Th-1 type antibody responses. In comparison, after subcutaneous or intranodal injections, nanoparticles mostly drained or remained in regional lymph nodes where iNKT17 cells were abundant. After subcutaneous and intranodal injections, antigen-specific IgG2 c production was hampered and IFN-y production, as well as cytotoxic T cell responses, depended on sporadic systemic drainage. Therapeutic anti-tumor experiments also demonstrated a clear advantage of intravenous injection over intranodal or subcutaneous vaccinations. Moreover, tumor control could be further improved by PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade after intravenous vaccination, but not by intranodal vaccination. Anti PD-1 antibody combination mainly exerts its effect by prolonging the cytotoxicity of T cells. Nanovaccines also demonstrated synergism with anti-4-1BB agonistic antibody treatment in controlling tumor growth. We conclude that nanovaccines containing iNKT cell agonists shall be preferentially administered intravenously, to optimally reach cellular partners for inducing effective anti-tumor immune responses.
High-Power (40–50 W) Radiofrequency Ablation Guided by Unipolar Signal Modification for Pulmonary Vein Isolation (2019)

Background Although proposed to facilitate pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), high-power ablation may favor extracardiac damage. Negative component abolition of the unipolar signal reflects lesion transmurality. The present study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of high-power ablation using unipolar signal modification as a local end point. Methods High power and standard power were compared in 4 swine and 100 consecutive patients referred for PVI. The first 50 patients were included in the control group (25-30 W) and the last 50 patients in the study group (40-50 W). Atrial radiofrequency applications were stopped 2 s (study group and swine) or 5 s (control group) after unipolar signal modification. Ventricular radiofrequency applications of 500 J (25 W·20 s versus 50 W·10 s) were performed at the swine epicardium. Results Swine gross necropsy did not show any extracardiac damage related to atrial lesions. At equal energy of 500 J, 50 W lesions were deeper (3±0.9 versus 2.6±1.1 mm; P=0.03) and wider (6.2±2 versus 5±2.3 mm; P=0.006) than 25 W lesions. No complications occurred during the clinical study, whatever the power output used for PVI. For a similar sinus rhythm maintenance at 12 months (90% versus 88%; P=0.75), the study group displayed higher first-pass PVI (92% versus 73%; P<0.001), lower acute pulmonary vein reconnection (2% versus 17%; P<0.001), reduced procedure time (73.1±18.2 versus 107.4±21.2 min; P<0.001), and ablation time (13±2.9 versus 30.3±8.8 min; P<0.001). Conclusions High-power PVI guided by unipolar signal modification safely decreases procedural burden while ensuring robust 12-month outcomes.