gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kisspeptin Is Present in Ovine Hypophysial Portal Blood But Does Not Increase during the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge: Evidence that Gonadotropes Are Not Direct Targets of Kisspeptin in Vivo (2007)

There is strong evidence that kisspeptin acts to regulate GnRH secretion, but whether there is also a component of action on the gonadotropes is not clear. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that G protein-coupled receptor-54 mRNA is expressed in ovine pituitary cell fractions enriched for gonadotropes as well as in somatotropes and lactotropes. To test whether kisspeptin acts directly on the pituitary gonadotropes, we first examined LH release from primary ovine pituitary cell cultures treated with kisspeptin. We found that kisspeptin treatment increased the concentration of LH in culture media by 80%, compared with control, but only in pituitary cultures from ewes during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. After this, we determined whether kisspeptin acts on the pituitary gland in vivo. Using GnRH-replaced ovariectomized hypothalamo-pituitary-disconnected ewes, we were not able to achieve any effect of kisspeptin on LH under steady-state conditions or during the period of an estrogen-induced LH surge. Finally, we collected hypophysial portal blood samples from ovariectomized ewes and measured kisspeptin levels. Low but detectable amounts of kisspeptin were found in portal plasma, but levels were similar in ovariectomized ewes that were untreated or given estrogen to elicit an LH surge. Thus, although we observed an effect of kisspeptin on LH release in vitro in some situations, similar findings were not obtained in vivo. Moreover, the low concentrations of kisspeptin in hypophysial portal blood and the lack of any change during the period of an estrogen-induced GnRH/LH surge suggest that action on the pituitary gland is not of major consequence in terms of LH release.
Kairos (2005)

Wireless sensor networks research has, till date, made impressive advances in platforms and software services. Research in the area has moved on to consider an essential piece of sensor network technology---support for programming wireless sensor network applications and systems components at a suitably high level of abstraction. Two broad classes of programming models are currently being investigated by the community. One class focuses on providing higher-level abstractions for specifying a node's local behavior in a distributed computation. Examples of this approach include the recent work on node-local or region-based abstractions. By contrast, a second and less-explored class of research considers programming a sensor network in the large called macroprogramming.
Resistance to Targeted Therapies: Refining Anticancer Therapy in the Era of Molecular Oncology (2009)

The advent of targeted therapy for treatment of human cancers has added significantly to our armamentarium as we strive to prolong patient survival while minimizing toxicity. In cancers driven by a dominant oncogene, targeted therapies have led to remarkable improvements in response and survival, whereas in others the outcome has been more modest. One key aspect toward realizing the potential of targeted therapies is a better understanding of the intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms that limit their efficacy. The articles in this CCR Focus provide insights into molecular mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapy. Recent discoveries of the molecular pathways that mediate intrinsic resistance to targeted therapy have led to the identification of predictive biomarkers that allow for better patient selection for front line treatment. Equally important, the identification of mechanisms of acquired resistance following front line therapy has led to the discovery of novel agents that overcome these resistance mechanisms. Improving the efficacy of targeted therapies in the future will require expanding our understanding of resistance mechanisms, the development of new generations of rationally designed targeted agents, and translating this information to the clinic to select patients for appropriate therapy. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(24):7471-8).
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method for the Synthesis of Benzimidazole‐4‐sulfonamides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nanotechnology-Based Biopolymeric Oral Delivery Platforms for Advanced Cancer Treatment (2020)

Routes of drug administration and their corresponding physiochemical characteristics play major roles in drug therapeutic efficiency and biological effects. Each route of delivery has favourable aspects and limitations. The oral route of delivery is the most convenient, widely accepted and safe route. However, the oral route of chemotherapeutics to date have displayed high gastric degradation, low aqueous solubility, poor formulation stability and minimum intestinal absorption. Thus, mainstream anti-cancer drugs in current formulations are not suitable as oral chemotherapeutic formulations. The use of biopolymers such as chitosan, gelatin, hyaluronic acid and polyglutamic acid, for the synthesis of oral delivery platforms, have potential to help overcome problems associated with oral delivery of chemotherapeutics. Biopolymers have favourable stimuli-responsive properties, and thus can be used to improve oral bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs. These biopolymeric formulations can protect gastric-sensitive drugs from pH degradation, target specific binding sites for targeted absorption and consequently control drug release. In this review, the use of various biopolymers as oral drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutics will be discussed.
Interaction of Halogenoantimonates with Aromatic Compounds in organic solvents (1989)

Abstract The interaction of SbCl n Br 6‐n − (n = 1—6) with various bπ‐donors has been investigated by means of UV spectroscopy, conductometry, and polarography. The influence of the bπ‐donor structure, of the corresponding cation, the ligands of the antimonates, and the solvent on the behaviour of complex formation is discussed. With increasing ionization potential of the bπ‐donor the CT absorption shifts to higher energies. Derivatives of aminobenzene lead to the formation of radical cations. The influence of 18‐crown‐6 on the radical cation formation is also discussed. With increasing content of bromine in the antimonate the overall acceptor strength increases as well. The influence of the solvent on CT energy depends on both the specific solvation of the ground state of the electron donor‐acceptor complex and the dielectric solvation of the excited state of the complex.
CMB-HD: An Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey Over Half the Sky (2019)

A millimeter-wave survey over half the sky, that spans frequencies in the range of 30 to 350 GHz, and that is both an order of magnitude deeper and of higher-resolution than currently funded surveys would yield an enormous gain in understanding of both fundamental physics and astrophysics. By providing such a deep, high-resolution millimeter-wave survey (about 0.5 uK-arcmin noise and 15 arcsecond resolution at 150 GHz), CMB-HD will enable major advances. It will allow 1) the use of gravitational lensing of the primordial microwave background to map the distribution of matter on small scales (k~10/hMpc), which probes dark matter particle properties. It will also allow 2) measurements of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects on small scales to map the gas density and gas pressure profiles of halos over a wide field, which probes galaxy evolution and cluster astrophysics. In addition, CMB-HD would allow us to cross critical thresholds in fundamental physics: 3) ruling out or detecting any new, light (&lt; 0.1eV), thermal particles, which could potentially be the dark matter, and 4) testing a wide class of multi-field models that could explain an epoch of inflation in the early Universe. Such a survey would also 5) monitor the transient sky by mapping the full observing region every few days, which opens a new window on gamma-ray bursts, novae, fast radio bursts, and variable active galactic nuclei. Moreover, CMB-HD would 6) provide a census of planets, dwarf planets, and asteroids in the outer Solar System, and 7) enable the detection of exo-Oort clouds around other solar systems, shedding light on planet formation. CMB-HD will deliver this survey in 5 years of observing half the sky, using two new 30-meter-class off-axis cross-Dragone telescopes to be located at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert. The telescopes will field about 2.4 million detectors (600,000 pixels) in total.
Chronic pain impairs cognitive flexibility and engages novel learning strategies in rats (2018)

Cognitive flexibility, the ability to adapt behavior to changing outcomes, is critical to survival. The prefrontal cortex is a key site of cognitive control, and chronic pain is known to lead to significant morphological changes to this brain region. Nevertheless, the effects of chronic pain on cognitive flexibility and learning remain uncertain. We used an instrumental paradigm to assess adaptive learning in an experimental model of chronic pain induced by tight ligation of the spinal nerves L5/6 (spinal nerve ligation model). Naive, sham-operated, and spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rats were trained to perform fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, and contingency-shift behaviors for food reward. Although all groups learned an initial lever-reward contingency, learning was slower in SNL animals in a subsequent choice task that reversed reinforcement contingencies. Temporal analysis of lever-press responses across sessions indicated no apparent deficits in memory consolidation or retrieval. However, analysis of learning within sessions revealed that the lever presses of SNL animals occurred in bursts, followed by delays. Unexpectedly, the degree of bursting correlated positively with learning. Under a variable-ratio probabilistic task, SNL rats chose a less profitable behavioral strategy compared with naive and sham-operated animals. After extinction of behavior for learned preferences, SNL animals reverted to their initially preferred (ie, less profitable) behavioral choice. Our data suggest that in the face of uncertainty, chronic pain drives a preference for familiar associations, consistent with reduced cognitive flexibility. The observed burst-like responding may represent a novel learning strategy in animals with chronic pain.
Intracranial arteriosclerosis is related to cerebral small vessel disease: a prospective cohort study (2021)

Intracranial arteriosclerosis has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and even dementia. A possible mechanism linking intracranial arteriosclerosis to cognitive impairment and dementia involves structural brain changes including cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). To assess whether intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) and vertebrobasilar artery calcification (VBAC), as proxies for intracranial arteriosclerosis, are related to CSVD. Within the population-based Rotterdam Study, between 2003 and 2006 a computed tomography (CT)-based measurement of ICAC and VBAC and at least one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of structural brain changes were performed from 2005 onwards in 1,489 participants. To estimate the burden of calcification independent of age, we computed age-adjusted percentile curves for ICAC and VBAC separately, based on the calcification volumes. Using the longitudinal MRI data, we assessed whether a larger calcification burden accelerates structural brain changes using appropriate statistical models for repeated outcome measures. A larger burden of ICAC and VBAC was associated with an increase of CSVD markers accelerating over time. A larger burden of ICAC and VBAC was not significantly (p > 0.05) associated with accelerated brain atrophy. Arteriosclerosis is related to accelerating structural brain changes over time.
In Situ Plasmonic Sensing of Platinum Model Catalyst Sintering on Different Oxide Supports and in O2 and NO2 Atmospheres with Different Concentrations (2014)

Improved understanding of thermal deactivation processes of supported nanoparticles via sintering is needed to increase the lifetime of catalysts. To monitor sintering processes under industrially relevant application conditions, in situ experimental methods compatible with elevated temperatures, high pressures, and harsh chemical environments are required. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the applicability of in situ indirect nanoplasmonic sensing (INPS) to investigate the sintering of Pt model catalysts on flat alumina and silica supports in O2 and NO2 atmospheres in real time and under operating conditions. Moreover, by means of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electrodynamics simulations, we establish a generic scaling approach to account for different inherent sensitivities of INPS sensor platforms featuring dielectric support layers with different refractive index. On the basis of these findings, we identify a universal, support-, and sintering-environment-independent correlation between INPS centroid shift signal and mean Pt particle size during the sintering process. As a first demonstration of the new possibilities offered by INPS and the obtained universal scaling to study sintering processes under different applied conditions, we investigate the dependence of the sintering rate of a SiO2-supported Pt model catalyst on the O2 concentration in Ar carrier gas. We find a clear dependence of the sintering rate on the O2 concentration in the 0.05–0.5% O2 concentration range.
Analysis of Binding Affinities for Celecoxib Analogues with COX-1 and COX-2 from Combined Docking and Monte Carlo Simulations and Insight into the COX-2/COX-1 Selectivity (2000)

The origins of binding affinity and COX-2/COX-1 selectivity for analogues of celecoxib have been explored using an approach that combines docking with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. These inhibitors are COX-2-selective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are of current interest because the gastrointestinal irritation they cause is reduced compared to that caused by traditional NSAIDs. We report a novel docking method, based on a combined Tabu and Monte Carlo protocol, that determines starting conformations for MC simulations. Using the docking-predicted starting conformations, relative changes in binding free energies were computed for methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyl, thiomethyl, methoxy, trifluoromethyl, chloro, fluoro, and unsubstituted derivatives with the MC free energy perturbation (FEP) method. The computed free energies are in good accord with IC50 values, and the structural information from the simulations can be used to explain the experimentally observed binding trends. In addition, the docking and FEP results have provided clarification of the binding conformation of the phenylsulfonamide moiety and the origin of COX-2/COX-1 selectivity. Namely, the COX-2 Val → COX-1 Ile subtitution is accompanied by an unfavorable conformational shift of the phenylsulfonamide ring.
Passive harmonic hybrid mode-locked fiber laser with extremely broad spectrum (2015)

We demonstrate a harmonic mode-locking Erbium-doped fiber laser which is cooperatively mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) and semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). Via effective dispersion and nonlinearity optimization, 8th harmonic at a repetition rate of 666.7 MHz is obtained. The output pulses has a full spectrum width at half maximum (FWHM) of 181 nm and duration of 218 fs. The pulses are compressed to 91 fs by external chirp compensation. The average power of the direct output pulse at an available pump power of 1.5 W is 136 mW, which exhibits a single-pulse energy of 0.2 nJ. The cavity super-mode suppression is up to 60 dB and the signal-to-noise ratio of the 8th harmonic is over 75 dB.
Reduction of Epoxides, α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes, and Vicinal Diketones with “Reactive Titanocene” (1988)

The deoxygenation of epoxides 2 to give the alkenes 3 can be carried out with “reactive titanocene” stereoselectively in high yield. The reagent is generated in situ from 1. The other two title compounds allow access to bis(allyl alcohols) or bis(allyl) ethers and to acyloins, ketones, or vinylene carbonates.
Negative modulation of nitric oxide production by neurotensin as a putative mechanism of the diuretic action of SR 48692 in rats (1997)

1. We investigated the effect of the non-peptide neurotensin (NT) antagonist SR 48692 on renal function in rats and the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the diuretic action of this compound. 2. In fed animals, SR 48692 dose-dependently (0.5 to 12.5 mg kg-1, p.o., 0.03 to 1 mg kg-1, i.p. and 0.1 to 1 microgram/rat, i.c.v.) increased urine output and urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- and reduced urine osmolality. The diuretic activity was also evident in water-deprived, fasted animals and in fasted, water-loaded rats. 3. NT (0.1 microgram/rat, i.c.v.) had no effect on urine output in fed rats, but reduced the diuretic action of SR 48692 (1 microgram/rat, i.c.v.). The opposite result was obtained in fasted, water-loaded animals: NT dose-dependently (0.01 and 0.1 microgram/rat, i.c.v.) inhibited diuresis and this effect was significantly inhibited by i.c.v. SR 48692. In this experimental condition, SR 48692 did not further increase the on-going diuresis. 4. The NO synthesis inhibitor N(1)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 30 mg kg-1, i.p.) alone had no effect on urine output in fed rats but prevented the diuretic action of i.c.v. or i.p. SR 48692; L-arginine (1 g kg-1, i.p.) but not D-arginine (1 g kg-1, i.p.) restored the SR 48692-dependent increase in diuresis, L-NAME had no effect on furosemide-stimulated diuresis. 5. Systemically administered L-NAME or i.c.v. NT in fasted, water-loaded rats significantly reduced water diuresis but this effect was no longer seen in animals given i.p. L-arginine. Rats receiving i.c.v. NT, whose diuresis was significantly reduced, also excreted less nitrates and nitrites in urine. 6. Increased diuresis after central or systemic administration of SR 48692 to fed rats was paralleled by increased urinary excretion of nitrates and nitrites, this being consistent with peripheral enhancement of NO production after NT-receptor blockade by SR 48692. The increase in diuresis after furosemide also involved an increase of nitrates and nitrites in urine, but this effect was about half that attained with an equipotent diuretic dose of SR 48692. 7. In fed rats, the NO donor isosorbide-dinitrate, reduced systolic blood pressure (unlike SR 48692 which did not affect blood pressure) but also dose-dependently (1 and 5 mg kg-1, i.p.) stimulated urine output. 8. The overall effects of SR 48692 strongly support a link between the actions of endogenous NT, AVP and peripheral NO production in the modulation of renal excretion of water, Na+, K+ and Cl-.
Surface patterning and biological evaluation of semi‐interpenetrated poly(HEMA)/poly(alkyl β‐malolactonate)s (2003)

Abstract Semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel networks were prepared by radical polimerization of monomer HEMA, co‐monomer EGDMA as cross‐linking agent and in the presence of 1 wt % of poly(alkyl β‐malolactonate)s. Biological evaluation in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation of the prepared materials showed the ability of HEMA‐based hydrogels to sustain a good cell adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, a method based on soft‐lithography to obtained surface microstructured semi‐interpenetrating hydrogel networks was developed, thus allowing for further investigation of the influence of surface topography on cell behavior.
A 2×2 Optical Cross-Connect Switch Based on Dual-Drive Silicon Microring-Resonators with Reduced Timing Jitter and Driving Voltage (2009)

As a single-ring resonator is used for an optical cross-connect (OXC) switch, a large jitter of 30 ps and a low extinction ratio may occur due to delay and crosstalk. We propose a dual-drive, three-ring OXC, which exhibits a jitter of 8 ps and an extinction ratio of 20 dB.
Calculating source line level energy information for Android applications (2013)

The popularity of mobile apps continues to grow as developers take advantage of the sensors and data available on mobile devices. However, the increased functionality comes with a higher energy cost, which can cause a problem for users on battery constrained mobile devices. To improve the energy consumption of mobile apps, developers need detailed information about the energy consumption of their applications. Existing techniques have drawbacks that limit their usefulness or provide information at too high of a level of granularity, such as components or methods. Our approach is able to calculate source line level energy consumption information. It does this by combining hardware-based power measurements with program analysis and statistical modeling. Our empirical evaluation of the approach shows that it is fast and accurate.
Power Allocation in Wireless Systems Subject to Long-Term and Short-Term Power Constraints (2011)

We consider several fading channel models for which we aim to maximize ergodic capacity assuming that channel state information (CSI) is available at both the receiver and the transmitter. We characterize the optimal power allocation structure in the single-input-single-output (SISO), multiple input-single-output (MISO), and multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) models subject to both long- and short-term power constraints. The optimal power policy in each of the channel models depends upon the ratio of the two power constraints and the average signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of the system. We characterize the conditions, for which the short-term power constraint can be eliminated without being violated in the optimal power policy. Numerical results suggest that for the Rayleigh fading case, a short-term power constraint that is larger than a long-term power constraint does not significantly impact the ergodic capacity of the channel.
TCR Repertoire Analysis Reveals Mobilization of Novel CD8+ T Cell Clones Into the Cancer-Immunity Cycle Following Anti-CD4 Antibody Administration (2019)

Depletion of CD4<sup>+</sup> cells using an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD4 mAb) induces the expansion of tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and strong antitumor effects in several murine tumor models. However, it is not known whether the anti-CD4 mAb treatment activates a particular or a broad spectrum of tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell clones. To investigate the changes in the TCR repertoire induced by the anti-CD4 mAb treatment, we performed unbiased high-throughput TCR sequencing in a B16F10 mouse subcutaneous melanoma model. By Inter-Organ Clone Tracking analysis, we demonstrated that anti-CD4 mAb treatment increased the diversity and combined frequency of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell clones that overlapped among the tumor, draining lymph node (dLN), and peripheral blood repertoires. Interestingly, the anti-CD4 mAb treatment-induced expansion of overlapping clones occurred mainly in the dLN rather than in the tumor. Overall, the Inter-Organ Clone Tracking analysis revealed that anti-CD4 mAb treatment enhances the mobilization of a wide variety of tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell clones into the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and thus induces a robust antitumor immune response in mice.