gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Stress Analysis of Battery Tabs Under Ultrasonic Welding (2014)

Ultrasonic metal welding is widely used for joining multiple layers of dissimilar metals, such as aluminum/copper battery tabs welding onto copper busbars. It is therefore important to have a robust product/process design using ultrasonic metal welding that ensures consistent welds with desired quality. In this work, the effects of longitudinal and flexural vibrations of the battery tab during ultrasonic welding on the development of axial normal stresses that occasionally cause cracks near the weld area are studied by applying a one-dimensional continuous vibration model for the battery tab. Analysis results indicate that fracture could occur near the weld area, due to low cycle fatigue as a result of large dynamic stresses induced by resonant flexural vibration of the battery tab during welding. This study provides a fundamental understanding of battery tab dynamics during ultrasonic welding and its effects on weld quality, and can be used to develop guidelines for product/process design of ultrasonically welded battery tabs.
A Convenient Synthesis of 3-Fluorinated 2-Oxopropyl Sulphoxides from Fluorinated Lithium Acetates and 1-Lithioalkyl Sulphoxides (1986)

Optically pure methyl 4-methylphenyl sulphoxide and ethyl 4-methylphenyl sulphoxide are metallated with lithium diisopropylamide and then subjected to the reaction with fluorinated lithium acetates or acetic esters. C-Acylation proceeds smoothly and regioselectively to give high yields of chiral 3-fluorinated 2-oxopropyl 4-methylphenyl sulphoxides. The analogous reaction of dimethyl sulphoxide with fluorinated lithium acetates affords good yields of racemic 3-fluorinated 2-oxopropyl methyl sulphoxides. As examples of further reactions of the products, C-methylation, S-deoxygenation, and carbonyl reduction of 3-fluoro-2-oxopropyl 4-methylphenyl sulphoxide are described.
The Pivotal Role of Catalysis in France: Selected Examples of Recent Advances and Future Prospects. (2017)

Abstract The Review describes the most significant results achieved in France in the field of heterogeneous catalysis over the last 10 years and placed in the context of international research. The focus lies on the research conducted in French academic laboratories, often in close collaboration with industrial partners. A wide range of heterogeneous catalysis is covered, including ab initio calculations, biomass conversion, catalytic cracking, catalyst characterization, CO 2 conversion, Fischer–Tropsch, pollution abatement, power‐to‐gas and kinetics.
Biochemical Properties and Biological Functions of FET Proteins (2014)

Members of the FET protein family, consisting of FUS, EWSR1, and TAF15, bind to RNA and contribute to the control of transcription, RNA processing, and the cytoplasmic fates of messenger RNAs in metazoa. FET proteins can also bind DNA, which may be important in transcription and DNA damage responses. FET proteins are of medical interest because chromosomal rearrangements of their genes promote various sarcomas and because point mutations in FUS or TAF15 can cause neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar dementia. Recent results suggest that both the normal and pathological effects of FET proteins are modulated by low-complexity or prion-like domains, which can form higher-order assemblies with novel interaction properties. Herein, we review FET proteins with an emphasis on how the biochemical properties of FET proteins may relate to their biological functions and to pathogenesis.
[Benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridine-5-yl-arylamines-phenol Mannich bases of the amodiaquine-, cycloquine- and pyronaridine-type]. (2007)

2,5-Dichloro-4-methyl-benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridine (1) reacted with aromatic amines selectively by substitution at the 5-position to yield the amidines 2. The 4-aminophenol 2c could also be synthesized by cleavage of the ether 2b. The structure of 2c was proved by X-ray crystal analysis. Aminomethylation of 2c yielded the amodiaquine analogue 3. The mono- and bisaminomethylated derivatives 4 and 5 were obtained by reaction of compound 1 with phenol Mannich base hydrochlorides. Compounds 3-5 were tested in vitro for antimalarial activity using chloroquine-sensitive and resistant Plasmodium-falciparum strains. The highest activities were shown by the pyronaridine-type compounds 5a and 5b with IC50 values of approximately 200 nM.
Ammoximation (2008)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Cyclohexanone Ammoximation to Cyclohexanone Oxime Vapor‐Phase Ammoximation with O 2 Liquid‐Phase Ammoximation with O 2 Liquid‐Phase Ammoximation with H 2 O 2
Electrodeposition of MoSx: Tunable Fabrication of Sulfur Equivalent Electrodes for High Capacity or High Power (2020)

In this study, amorphous MoS x electrodes were fabricated by a facile one step electrodeposition method as sulfur equivalent cathode structures for lithium based batteries. By modifying the deposition conditions, the physical, chemical, and resulting electrochemical properties of MoS x were manipulated to achieve either higher energy delivery or higher power delivery. MoS x deposited at anodic potential (MoS x -AD) showed a higher initial capacity of 900 mAh g −1 attributed to its higher sulfur content. In contrast, MoS x deposited at cathodic potential (MoS x -CD) exhibited a lower initial capacity of 500 mAh g −1 with improved cycling stability up to 100 cycles and significantly improved rate capability attributed to its higher conductivity and improved Li + transport properties.
Rate-constrained Relaying: A Model for Cooperation with Limited Relay Resources (2005)

In this paper, the impact of limited resources on achievable rates in relay channels is investigated. Resource limitation is modeled as a rate constraint, R, which constrains the rate at which a relay can reliably decode or source-code data. With this constraint in hand, the achievable rates for several protocols are derived and compared: decode-and-forward, estimate-and-forward, a Markovian amplify-and-forward and a hybrid scheme that combines decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward. The key result is that the relative performance of these protocols in the unconstrained case is not maintained in rate constrained scenarios. The case of severe resource limitation (R → 0) is also considered. Previously established rates for unconstrained decodeand-forward and estimate-and-forward are re-examined in the context of optimal parameters and asymptotic performance. For most relay locations (topologies), either decode-and-forward and estimate-and-forward offers superior performance. However, for severe rate constraints, amplifyand-forward generally offers the best performance. ∗This research has been funded in part by the following grants and organizations: ONR N-000140410273, NSF ITR CCF-0313392, a Texas Instruments Visiting Faculty Fellowship, and the University of Southern California.
Micronized sacchachitin promotes satellite cell proliferation through TAK1-JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway predominantly by TLR2 activation (2020)

Abstract ​ Background: Ganoderma sp., such as Ganoderma tsugae (GT), play an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. Ganoderma sp. contains several constituents, including Sacacchin, which has recently drawn attention because it can not only enhance the repair of muscle damagebut also strengthen themuscle enforcement. Although Ganoderma sp. have a therapeutic effect for neuromuscular disorders, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of micronized sacchachitin(mSC) on satellite cells (SCs), which are known as the muscle stem cells. Methods: The myogenic cells, included SCs (Pax7 + ) were isolated from tibialis anterior muscles of a healthy rat and were cultured in growth media with different mSC concentrations. For the evaluation of SC proliferation, these cultivated cells were immunostained with Pax7 and bromodeoxyuridineassessed simultaneously. The molecular signal pathway was further investigated by using Western blotting and signal pathway inhibitors. Results: Our results revealed that 200 µg/mL mSC had an optimal capability to significantly enhance the SC proliferation. Furthermore, this enhancement of SC proliferation was verified to be involved with activation of TAK1-JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway through TLR2, whose expression on SC surface was confirmed for the first time here. Conclusion: Micronized sacchachitinextracted fromGT was capable of promoting the proliferation of SC under a correct concentration.
Abstract TP6: Evaluation of Patients With High NIH Stroke Scale as Thrombectomy Candidates Using the Kentucky Appalachian Stroke Registry (KApSR) (2018)

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy has become standard of care for emergent large vessel occlusive (ELVO) stroke. Estimates of incidence for thrombectomy eligibility vary significantly. NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 9 or greater is highly predictive of large vessel occlusion. Using our Kentucky Appalachian Stroke Registry (KApSR), we evaluated regional trends in stroke admissions with NIHSS of 10 or more to determine effects and needs in thrombectomy utilization. Methods: Using the KApSR database that captures patients throughout the Appalachian region in our stroke network, we evaluated patients admitted with ischemic stroke with NIHSS &gt; 9 anytime during admission. We recorded demographics, comorbidities, treatment (thrombectomy, decompressive craniectomy), and county of origin. Change in NIHSS from admission to discharge was measured as an indicator of inpatient outcome. Summary statistics and analyses were performed on SPSS; p&lt;0.05 was significant. Results: From 2010 to 2016, 2250 patients were included; 132 (5.9%) underwent thrombectomy. 66.8% were admitted with NIHSS &gt; 9. Annual utilization of thrombectomy increased over time from 0.8% in 2010 to 10.6% in 2016. When thrombectomy was considered, median change in NIHSS was -2 (IQR 8) in patients without thrombectomy versus -5 (IQR 12) in patients who underwent thrombectomy; the difference was significant (p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, while the median change in NIHSS remained stable for non-thrombectomy patients, it improved over time for thrombectomy patients (Figure 1). Conclusion: Among patients with significant inpatient ischemic stroke, a majority present with NIHSS greater than 9. While thrombectomy has become more common, it was only utilized in 10.6% of patients in 2016. Furthermore, patients who underwent thrombectomy has significant inpatient clinical improvement compared to those that did not. Thus, further efforts are necessary to maximize the use of thrombectomy when appropriate.
Enhancement of Norway spruce bark side-streams: Modification of bioactive and protective properties of stilbenoid-rich extracts by UVA-irradiation (2020)

Bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) trees contains large amounts of polyphenolic stilbene glucosides. Stilbene-rich bark extracts could be utilized as e.g., preservatives due to their antioxidative, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. As stilbenes are photosensitive compounds, ultraviolet (UV) light induces a well-known intramolecular cyclization, leading to the formation of substituted phenanthrenes via a dihydro-phenanthrene intermediate. The possible UV-induced changes in the biological activities of the stilbene extracts remain, however, poorly known. Such information is crucial for practical application development. This study elucidated for the first time, how UVA-treatments of spruce bark extracts affect the chemical composition of the extracts, and further change their antimicrobial and antioxidative activities. Norway spruce inner bark was extracted (‘Extract’) and soluble mono- and disaccharides removed using Amberlite XADHP7 (‘Extract XAD’). These extracts were then treated with UVA-light (‘Extract UV’, ‘Extract XAD UV’), and chemical properties analyzed by GC–MS and HP-SEC. The antimicrobial activities of untreated and modified extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli, were evaluated. Additionally, differences in the antioxidant activity between the untreated and UV-treated bark extracts were measured at a total stilbene concentration of 0.5 mg/mL EtOH, using the FRAP and ORAC methods. Also, antioxidant effects were evaluated in a liposome model to assess the ability of the extract to prevent lipid oxidation. Our novel results show that UVA-induced modification of the stilbene-rich inner bark extracts increased the radical scavenging activity. However, UVA-irradiation decreased the capacity of the extracts to prevent lipid oxidation in the liposome system method. The results also indicate a maintained or slightly increased antimicrobial activity after UVA-modification. This study shows that Norway spruce bark stilbenoids and the compounds formed by UVA-irradiation thereof show biological activity, and thus have commercial potential as e.g., preservatives.
Treatment of p53-Deficient Cancers by Adenovirus E1B-Region Mutants (2000)

The vast majority of human cancers are incurable once they have become metastatic. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can induce tumor growth inhibition or regression in some cases, but solid tumor progression and resistance to these standard therapeutic modalities inevitably develop. Further dose escalation to overcome resistance is generally limited by the resultant toxicity to normal tissues. Clearly, new agents with larger therapeutic indices between cancer cells and normal cells are needed. Such agents would have improved efficacy and reduced toxicity as compared with currently available modalities.
Exploiting an Inherent Neighboring Group Effect of α-Amino Acids To Synthesize Extremely Hindered Dipeptides (2008)

The creation of highly hindered peptides that contain combinations of non-natural N-alkyl amino acids and N-alkyl-alpha,alpha-disubstituted amino acids presents a formidable challenge. Hindered, non-natural amino acids are of interest because they import resistance to proteolysis and unusual conformational properties to peptides that contain them. Toward a solution to this problem, we describe a new approach to creating extremely hindered dipeptides that is operationally simple and uses mild conditions and commercially available amino acids. The approach reduces the need for protecting groups and yields urethane-protected dipeptide acids that can be used as building blocks in the synthesis of larger peptides. We propose that the reaction proceeds through a previously unexploited intramolecular O,N-acyl transfer pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Variation of the Oxime Function of Bispyridinium‐Type Allosteric Modulators of M2‐Cholinoceptors. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular and Electronic‐Structure Basis of the Ambipolar Behavior of Naphthalimide–Terthiophene Derivatives: Implementation in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2013)

A new family of naphthalimide-fused thienopyrazine derivatives for ambipolar charge transport in organic field-effect transistors is presented. Their electronic and molecular structures were elucidated through optical and vibrational spectroscopy aided by DFT calculations. The results indicate that these compounds have completely planar molecular skeletons which promote good film crystallinity and low reorganization energies for both electron and hole transport. Their performance in organic field-effect transistors is compared with twisted and planar naphthaleneamidine monoimide-fused terthiophenes in order to understand the origin of ambipolarity in this new series of molecular semiconductors.
Compact modeling of injection-enhanced insulated-gate bipolar transistor for accurate circuit switching prediction (2014)

We have improved a compact model of an injection-enhanced insulated-gate bipolar transistor for accurate circuit switching prediction. The conventional model simulates the negative gate capacitance attributed to the floating-base effect. The relationship between the negative capacitance and the switching waveform is newly solved. The main development is concentrated on the floating-base region, the charge accumulation determined by the floating-base region structure, and the device model parameters. With the use of the model, it is demonstrated that the measured gradual slope switching performance of the studied device can be accurately predicted. It is shown that the gradual slope of I c depends on the device parameters, which can be utilized for device optimization.
Flux Weakening Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Servo Motor Design with Enhanced Self-Sensing Properties (2019)

Servo motors are widely used in automation and robots. These motors achieve high dynamic performance with precise motion control. Flux weakening surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (FW-SPMSMs) are the main type used in servos due to high peak torque allowing high acceleration rates, and low cogging and ripple torques allowing smooth and precise motion control. Standard FW-SPMSMs are not suitable for injection-based self-sensing control. Many techniques have been reported in the literature to design slightly salient SPMSMs. However, the reported techniques are not suitable for servo applications due to the loss of motor saliency with load or the techniques might affect the motor power conversion through degrading the peak, cogging, or ripple torques. This paper will present a new methodology for the design of high-performance FW-SPMSMs for servo applications with enhanced self-sensing properties without degrading motor power conversion. The designed motor saliency improves with load leading to enhancement of self-sensing performance.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Clusterin Mediates TGF-β–Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis via Twist1 in Prostate Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 90K, Slug and Snail don't affect CLU expression. A. PC-3 cells were transfected with 40 nmol/L of the indicated siRNA. At 72 h after transfection, quantitative RT-PCR was performed using the primers and probes for CLU and GAPDH. Each transcript level from cells transfected with control siRNA was set as 1. Boxes, mean; bars, �s.d. B. PC-3 cells were transfected with 40 nmol/L of the indicated siRNA. At 72 h after transfection, whole-cell extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis with specific antibodies&lt;/p&gt;
Measurements of Adiabatic Film and Overall Cooling Effectiveness on a Turbine Vane Pressure Side With a Trench (2011)

Film cooling performance is typically quantified by separating the external convective heat transfer from the other components of the conjugate heat transfer that occurs in turbine airfoils. However, it is also valuable to assess the conjugate heat transfer in terms of the overall cooling effectiveness, which is a parameter of importance to airfoil designers. In the current study, adiabatic film effectiveness and overall cooling effectiveness values were measured for the pressure side of a simplified turbine vane model with three rows of showerhead cooling at the leading edge and one row of body film cooling holes on the pressure side. This was done by utilizing two geometrically identical models made from different materials. Adiabatic film effectiveness was measured using a very low thermal conductivity material, and the overall cooling effectiveness was measured using a material with a higher thermal conductivity selected such that the Biot number of the model matched that of a turbine vane at engine conditions. The theoretical basis for this matched-Biot number modeling technique is discussed in some detail. Additionally, two designs of pressure side body film cooling holes were considered in this study: a standard design of straight, cylindrical holes and an advanced design of “trenched” cooling holes in which the hole exits were situated in a recessed, transverse trench. This study was performed using engine representative flow conditions, including a coolant-to-mainstream density ratio of DR = 1.4 and a mainstream turbulence intensity of Tu = 20%. The results of this study show that adiabatic film and overall cooling effectiveness increase with blowing ratio for the showerhead and pressure side trenched holes. Performance decreases with blowing ratio for the standard holes due to coolant jet separation from the surface. Both body film designs have similar performance at a lower blowing ratio when the standard hole coolant jets remain attached. Far downstream of the cooling holes both designs perform similarly because film effectiveness decays more rapidly for the trenched holes.
Mannose-Binding Lectin Is Expressed After Clinical and Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Deletion Is Protective* (2014)

Mannose-binding lectin expression was documented after traumatic brain injury. The reduced sequelae associated with mannose-binding lectin absence suggest that mannose-binding lectin modulation might be a potential target after traumatic brain injury.
Diffusion in Mixtures of Asymmetric Diblock Copolymers with Homopolymers (1999)

Tracer diffusion of asymmetric diblock copolymer in mixtures with homopolymers has been investigated as a function of the volume fraction of diblock copolymer and the molecular weight of matrix homopolymer. The depth profile of polydeuteriostyrene-b-2-vinylpyridine (dPS−PVP) diffusing into the mixture of polystyrene-b-2-vinylpyridine (PS−PVP) with polystyrene was measured by forward recoil spectrometry (FRES), and the tracer diffusion coefficient was determined. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used for depth profiling when better depth resolution (∼15 nm) than that of FRES (∼80 nm) was necessary. The ordered structure of the mixtures was measured by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In concentrated mixtures of PS−PVP diblock copolymer with polystyrene which exhibit an ordered spherical domain structure, the diffusion coefficients are independent of the molecular weight of polystyrene and are also very close to the diffusion coefficient in a neat diblock copolymer melt. On the other hand, in dilute mixtures exhibiting a disordered arrangement of spherical copolymer micelles in a polystyrene matrix, the diffusion coefficient is strongly dependent on the molecular weight (P) of the matrix polystyrene. In highly dilute systems, the diffusion coefficient, D, scales as D ∼ P-3, which would be expected for Stokes−Einstein diffusion of spherical micelles in a homopolymer whose viscosity scales approximately as P3. The crossover from the “activated hopping” diffusion of single diblock copolymers (the diffusion mechanism in the neat diblock copolymer melt) to the Stokes−Einstein diffusion of whole spherical micelles occurs at the volume fraction of the transition between the ordered spherical domain structure and the disordered spherical domain structure.
Instrumentation and techniques in bone density measurement (1989)

Bone disease represents one of the most common diseases in the western world. Often the result is rarefied bone tissue, which leads to a loss in bone strength and is a precursor to clinical osteoporosis. Many different techniques have been used to determine the density of bone tissue at the most important clinical sites in the skeleton for diagnosis of the disease. Measurement of total attenuation or scattering of a radiation beam, attenuation of ultrasonic beams and the activation through neutron irradiation have all been used. This review first considers the skeletal changes that need to be monitored and then considers each technique in turn. When comparing the success of these different approaches accuracy, precision, site of measurement, patient convenience, sensitivity and radiation hazard must all be taken into account.