gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of microcirculatory parameters by joint analysis of flow‐compensated and non‐flow‐compensated intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) data (2016)

The aim of this study was to improve the accuracy and precision of perfusion fraction and blood velocity dispersion estimates in intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging, using joint analysis of flow-compensated and non-flow-compensated motion-encoded MRI data. A double diffusion encoding sequence capable of switching between flow-compensated and non-flow-compensated encoding modes was implemented. In vivo brain data were collected in eight healthy volunteers and processed using the joint analysis. Simulations were used to compare the performance of the proposed analysis method with conventional IVIM analysis. With flow compensation, strong rephasing was observed for the in vivo data, approximately cancelling the IVIM effect. The joint analysis yielded physiologically reasonable perfusion fraction maps. Estimated perfusion fractions were 2.43 ± 0.81% in gray matter, 1.81 ± 0.90% in deep gray matter, and 1.64 ± 0.72% in white matter (mean ± SD, n = 8). Simulations showed improved accuracy and precision when using joint analysis of flow-compensated and non-flow-compensated data, compared with conventional IVIM analysis. Double diffusion encoding with flow compensation was feasible for in vivo imaging of the perfusion fraction in the brain. The strong rephasing implied that blood flowing through the cerebral microvascular system was closer to the ballistic limit than the diffusive limit.
Detecting and locating partially specified keywords in scanned images using hidden Markov models (2002)

A hidden Markov model (HMM) based system for detecting locating, or spotting, user-specified keywords in scanned images is described. The system is font-independent, and no pre-segmentation of text and graphics is required. The bounding boxes of potential lines of text are extracted from the image using morphology. Feature vectors based on the external shape and internal structure of characters are computed for each bounding box. A keyword HMM is created by concatenating appropriate context-dependent character HMMs. The non-keyword HMM is based on context-dependent sub-character models. Keywords are spotted using Viterbi decoding on an HMM network created from the keyword and non-keyword HMMs. This model allows detection of keywords embedded in a line without pre-segmentation of the line into words or characters. Thus keywords may be specified by a baseform and variants of the keyword can be detected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cyclizations of terminally substituted a,c-biladiene salts to give meso-substituted porphyrins (1987)

Cyclizations of 1′,8′-disubstituted a,c-biladiene salts using copper(II) salts afford the corresponding meso-substituted porphyrins (after removal of copper) along with smaller amounts of the corresponding meso-unsubstituted analogues. For example, the a,c-biladiene salt (6)(1′-Me, 8′-Et) affords the corresponding meso-methylporphyrin (10) as the major product. The diethyl-a,c-biladiene (13) gave the meso-methylporphyrin (14). Copper(II) promoted cyclizations of an a,c-biladiene (17) substituted at the 1′ and 8′ positions with propionic ester groups gives mainly the meso-acrylic substituted porphyrin (18) after demetallation. The 1′-unsubstituted-8′-propionic ester a,c-biladiene salt (25), when cyclized using iodine–bromine in hot o-dichlorobenzene gives the meso-acetic substituted porphyrin (28), indicating that such a transformation might provide a viable route for synthesis of chlorophyll-a derivatives.
Real‐world performance of the atrial fibrillation monitor in patients with a subcutaneous ICD (2020)

The AFM exhibited a very high sensitivity and specificity in a simulated setting, designed to maximize PPV in order to minimize the clinical burden of reviewing falsely detected AF events. The real-world performance of the AFM, enabled in 99.5% of S-ICD patients, is a PPV of 67.7%.
Performance analysis and simulation of packet scheduling algorithms in a femtocell environment (2011)

This article analyzes the performance of state-of-the-art macrocell scheduling algorithms in femtocell environment. Real data rate control (DRC) values collected through real femtocell experiments are used in computer simulations to calculate average sector throughput and fairness for best effort (BE) traffic users. Computer simulations are performed in order to model scheduling techniques, BE and Voice over IP (VoIP) users in femtocell environment. Scheduling algorithms simulated and analyzed are Round Robin (RR), maximum DRC (maxDRC), proportional fairness (PF), exponent DRC (expDRCe), average DRC (aveDRCα) and maxDRC-PFα. The performance of these schedulers are investigated in femtocell environment, and their sector throughput, throughput fairness performances are presented. As a result of computer simulations, expDRC0.5, maxDRC-PF0.1 and maxDRC-PF0.5 schedulers provided the optimal performance, and therefore recommended to be used in femtocell environment.
Retinal Artery and Vein Classification for Automatic Vessel Caliber Grading (2018)

Automated retinal artery and vein identification is a necessity to measure their caliber automatically and to achieve high efficiency and repeatability for a large number of images. In this paper, a novel framework for retinal artery and vein classification is provided. The proposed method utilizes the vessel crossover and color intensity profile which are the most significant features for artery and vein classification. The method first extracts retinal vascular network and then identify individual blood vessels for further classification as artery or vein. We apply deep learning algorithm based segmentation method to extract the retinal vascular network. We then identify each blood vessels to measure caliber that will be used for computing the Central Retinal Artery Equivalent (CRAE) and Central Retinal Vein Equivalent (CRVE). We map the vessel network and use the individual vessel crossover information, vessel color and intensity profile to identify individual vessel segment as artery and vein. We compared automatically classified artery and vein results with a human grader which showed an accuracy of 95%. We compare our results of caliber grading against an established semi-automated caliber grading system and protocol which showed a very high correlation of 0.85 and 0.92, for CRAE and CRVE respectively.
High-Capacity SDM Transmission Over Transoceanic Distances (Invited) (2018)

We review recent experimental and theoretical works that discuss capacity and power efficiency improvements achievable in transoceanic transmission with SDM. We outline challenges and potential solutions for increasing the capacity of future SDM undersea transmission.
Effect of geometric azimuthal asymmetries of PPM stack on electron beam characteristics [TWTs] (2001)

A three-dimensional (3-D) beam optics model has been developed using the electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code MAFIA. The model includes an electron beam with initial transverse velocity distribution focused by a periodic permanent magnet (PPM) stack. All components of the model are simulated in three dimensions, allowing several azimuthally asymmetric traveling wave tube (TWT) characteristics to be investigated for the first time. These include C-magnets, shunts and magnet misalignment and their effects on electron beam behavior. The development of the model is presented and 3-D TWT electron beam characteristics are compared in the absence of and under the influence of the azimuthally asymmetric characteristics described.
Unsymmetrically Substituted Iridium(III)−Carbene Complexes by a CH-Activation Process (2000)

The synthesis of the metalhydride Cp*(L‘)IrH+OTf - (L‘ = 1-(2-cyclohexenyl)-3-cyclohexylimidazolin-2-ylidene, OTf = OSO2CF3) is achieved by a cyclohexane to cyclohexene transformation at the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand based on a CH-activation/β-hydrogen migration process at the Ir(III) center under mild conditions. The synthetic route to Cp*(L‘)IrH+OTf - and NMR spectroscopic and X-ray structural data are presented.
Self-aware systems for the internet-of-things (2016)

The IoT will host a large number of co-existing cyber-physical applications. Continuous change, application interference, environment dynamics and uncertainty lead to complex effects which must be controlled to give performance and application guarantees. Application and platform self-configuration and self-awareness are one paradigm to approach this challenge. They can leverage context knowledge to control platform and application functions and their interaction. They could play a dominant role in large scale cyber-physical systems and systems-of-systems, simply because no person can oversee the whole system functionality and dynamics.
Chlorine‐Tolerant Ruthenium Catalyst Derived Using the Unique Anion‐Exchange Properties of 12 CaO⋅7 Al2O3 for Ammonia Synthesis (2017)

Abstract Poisoning is defined as deactivation by the strong adsorption of, usually, impurities on active sites, which is a serious problem in many important catalytic processes. For example, the activity of Ru catalysts is significantly degraded by Cl in ammonia synthesis because of its electron‐withdrawing properties. Here we demonstrate that 12 CaO⋅7 Al 2 O 3 with subnanometer‐sized cages prevents the poisoning of a Ru catalyst by Cl − ions in ammonia synthesis. Conventional supported Ru catalysts exhibit a negligible activity if a tiny amount of Cl − ions remain on the catalyst surface. In contrast, the catalytic activity of Ru/C12A7 is not influenced by Cl − ions even though the amount of Cl in Ru/C12A7 is one order of magnitude higher than that in the conventional Ru catalysts. The Cl resistance of Ru/C12A7 is attributed to the unique anion‐exchange properties of C12A7; that is, the Cl − ions are trapped preferentially in the positively charged subnanometer‐sized cages of C12A7 instead of OH − ions under ammonia synthesis conditions.
Direct Synthesis of Anisotropic Polymer Nanoparticles (2007)

Keine (Selbst-)Organisation erforderlich: Sphärische und anisotrope hantelförmige Polymernanopartikel mit maßgeschneiderter Form und einer Größe von weniger als 100 nm wurden über eine direkte Synthese hergestellt, die nicht auf einer Selbstorganisation beruht. Atomtransferpolymerisation bei hohen Konzentrationen liefert die Nanopartikel direkt aus einfachen Vinylmonomeren im Gramm-Maßstab. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z703348_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
1.BETA.-Methyl-2-(5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio)carbapenems; 1. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of B0-2502A and lts Related Compoundsf. (1997)

The synthesis and biological activity of (1R,5S,6S)-2-[(3S,5S)-5-substituted pyrrolidin-3-ylthio]-6-[(R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methyl-1-ca rbapen-2-em-3- carboxylic acid, in which lactams and cyclic amines are introduced as substituents, are described. They showed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa. Among them, BO-2502A (4h-1) was selected for further evaluation.
Alternate Utilization of Two Regulatory Domains Within the Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus Long Terminal Repeat (1985)

The Moloney murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (LTR) harbors two distinct positive activators of transcription, namely, a distal signal and an enhancer. In this report we demonstrate that infection by herpes simplex virus (HSV) can markedly affect the utilization of these two Moloney murine sarcoma virus transcription signals. We investigated the HSV-mediated trans-acting effects with two goals in mind: first, to gain insight into LTR function, and second, to probe the mechanisms used by HSV to establish its own transcription cascade. In mock-infected cells, LTR-mediated expression was heavily dependent on the Moloney murine sarcoma virus enhancer but was effectively distal signal independent. HSV infection mobilized the use of the LTR distal signal and concomitantly alleviated enhancer dependence. Indeed, enhancer function may actually be inhibited by HSV trans-acting factors. These results suggest that the two positive control signals of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus LTR facilitate transcriptional activation by two different pathways. We further observed that the identity of the structural gene driven by the LRT, as well as the state of integration of a transfected template, can exert a substantial effect on the response of a template to HSV infection. According to these findings, we propose a tentative model to account for the initial temporal shift of the HSV transcriptional cascade.
Rapid Avr9- and Cf-9–Dependent Activation of MAP Kinases in Tobacco Cell Cultures and Leaves: Convergence of Resistance Gene, Elicitor, Wound, and Salicylate Responses (1999)

The Cf-9 resistance (R) gene from tomato confers resistance to the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum expressing the corresponding, pathogen-derived avirulence gene product Avr9. To understand how an initial R/Avr recognition event is transmitted and triggers the induction of plant defenses, we investigated early Avr9/Cf-9-dependent activation of protein kinases in transgenic tobacco expressing the Cf-9 gene. We identified two protein kinases of 46 and 48 kD, using myelin basic protein as substrate, that became rapidly activated in a strictly gene-for-gene manner within 2 to 5 min after Avr9 elicitation in both Cf9 tobacco plants and derived cell cultures. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors and effectors revealed that Ca2+ influx and a phosphorylation event(s) are required for kinase activation, but neither enzyme is involved in the Avr9-dependent synthesis of active oxygen species. The activation of both kinases is achieved via post-translational mechanisms, and the activation but not inactivation step includes tyrosine phosphorylation. Using specific antibodies, we found that the 46- and 48-kD kinases were similiar to WIPK (for wound-induced protein kinase) and SIPK (for salicylic acid-induced protein kinase), two previously characterized mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases from tobacco. In addition, Cf9 tobacco plants and cell cultures showed an Avr9-dependent accumulation of the WIPK transcript. Cf9 tobacco suspension cultures are thus a unique system in which to analyze the earliest events in R gene function. These data indicate that (1) the R/Avr-mediated induction of plant defense is accomplished via several parallel signaling mechanisms, and (2) R/Avr-dependent signal transduction pathways are interlinked at MAP kinases with responses of plants not only to non-race-specific elicitors but also to abiotic stimuli, such as wounding and mechanical stress.
Velvet-mediated repression of β-glucan synthesis in Aspergillus nidulans spores (2015)

Beta-glucans are a heterologous group of fibrous glucose polymers that are a major constituent of cell walls in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes fungi. Synthesis of β (1,3)- and (1,6)-glucans is coordinated with fungal cell growth and development, thus, is under tight genetic regulation. Here, we report that β-glucan synthesis in both asexual and sexual spores is turned off by the NF-kB like fungal regulators VosA and VelB in Aspergillus nidulans. Our genetic and genomic analyses have revealed that both VosA and VelB are necessary for proper down-regulation of cell wall biosynthetic genes including those associated with β-glucan synthesis in both types of spores. The deletion of vosA or velB results in elevated accumulation of β-glucan in asexual spores. Double mutant analyses indicate that VosA and VelB play an inter-dependent role in repressing β-glucan synthesis in asexual spores. In vivo chromatin immuno-precipitation analysis shows that both VelB and VosA bind to the promoter region of the β-glucan synthase gene fksA in asexual spores. Similarly, VosA is required for proper repression of β-glucan synthesis in sexual spores. In summary, the VosA-VelB hetero-complex is a key regulatory unit tightly controlling proper levels of β-glucan synthesis in asexual and sexual spores.
THE ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON WHEAT AND BARLEY IN RIDGE CULTURE IN THE WET FIELD. : (Report 1) On the Ecology of Tops (1952)

The ecological research on tops and analytical investigations on tillerings according to their orders were carried on in order to study the relation between heights of ridges and too much moisture in soil. Varieties used were Wheat NORIN No. 72, Barley SHIGA-HACHIKOKU No. 5, and SHIGA-KAIRYO-HADAKA. 1. The change of leaf colour from green to yellow or purple were noticed from the days of February. Changes of colour and their degree appeared differently on wheat and barley. These facts show that the addaptation of wheat for too much moisture is larger than that of barley. 2. Remarkable differences were recognized between each plot of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 Shakn plots, both in change of leaf colour and growing stayes in every variety. 3. The percentage of tillerings without heads were high in low ridge plots especially in barley, and further the percentage of tillerngs with heads in 0.5 Shaku plots was about a half of that in 2.0 Shaku plots. 4. The influence on the number of grains per head and weights of heads was considerably remarkable in low ridge plots especially on heads of higher order tillerings. The number of grains per plant in 0.5 Shaku plots were about one third of that in 2.0 Shaku plots. 5. The comparison between 2.0 and.0.5 Shaku plots was as follows: Mean number of grains per head: On main stems, 15 to 25%, on III, 45 to 60%, and on II, 21, 41 to 43%, less in 0.5 Shaku plots than in 2.0 Shaku plots. Weight of 100 grains: On main stems, 15 to 25%, on III, about 30%, and on II, 21, 25 to 35%, less the same. Iength of head: On main stems, about 10%, on III, 25 to 35%, and on II, 21, 20 to 25%, less the same. 6. The economical culture of wheat and barley is consedered to be hard in lower than 1.0 Shakn ridge, when the whole growing period is in the wet field.
Starch in Polymers Technology (2012)

This chapter reviews the main topics related to starch in polymers technology taking into account all the different forms in which starch can appear (native, gelatinized, retrograded, destructurized, complexed) giving more details for those which are related to starch-based polymers. Without intention of a whole starch treaty, authors’ desire was to disclose the large variety of starch forms and their use in polymers technology in order to give a wide basic knowledge of this topic, giving an instrument for further in-depth studies to the reader.
DART-MS: A New Analytical Technique for Forensic Paint Analysis (2018)

Automotive paint evidence is one of the most significant forms of evidence obtained in automotive-related incidents. Therefore, the analysis of automotive paint evidence is imperative in forensic casework. Most analytical schemes for automotive paint characterization involve optical microscopy, followed by infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography mass spectrometry ( py-GCMS) if required. The main drawback with py-GCMS, aside from its destructive nature, is that this technique is relatively time intensive in comparison to other techniques. Direct analysis in real-time-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DART-TOFMS) may provide an alternative to py-GCMS, as the rapidity of analysis and minimal sample preparation affords a significant advantage. In this study, automotive clear coats from four vehicles were characterized by DART-TOFMS and a standard py-GCMS protocol. Principal component analysis was utilized to interpret the resultant data and suggested the two techniques provided analogous sample discrimination. Moreover, in some instances DART-TOFMS was able to identify components not observed by py-GCMS and vice versa, which indicates that the two techniques may provide complementary information. Additionally, a thermal desorption/pyrolysis DART-TOFMS methodology was also evaluated to characterize the intact paint chips from the vehicles to ascertain if the linear temperature gradient provided additional discriminatory information. All the paint samples were able to be discriminated based on the distinctive thermal desorption plots afforded from this technique, which may also be utilized for sample discrimination. On the basis of the results, DART-TOFMS may provide an additional tool to the forensic paint examiner.
Tympanoplasty – news and new perspectives (2017)

Techniques and biomaterials for reconstructive middle ear surgery are continuously and steadily developing. At the same time, clinical post-surgery results are evaluated to determine success or failure of the therapy. Routine quality assessment and assurance is of growing importance in the medical field, and therefore also in middle ear surgery. The exact definition and acquisition of outcome parameters is essential for both a comprehensive and detailed quality assurance. These parameters are not the audiological results alone, but also additional individual parameters, which influence the postoperative outcome after tympanoplasty. Selection of patients and the preoperative clinical situation, the extent of the ossicular chain destruction, the chosen reconstruction technique and material, the audiometric frequency selection and the observational interval are only some of them. If these parameters are not well documented, the value of comparative analyses between different studies is very limited. The present overview aims at describing, comparing, and evaluating some of the existing assessment and scoring systems for middle ear surgery. Additionally, new methods for an intraoperative quality assessment in ossiculoplasty and the postoperative evaluation of suboptimal hearing results with imaging techniques are available. In the area of implant development, functional elements were integrated in prostheses to enable not only good sound transmission but also compensation of occurring atmospheric pressure changes. In combination with other components for ossicular repair, they can be used in a modular manner, which so far show experimentally and clinically promising results.
Data from Identification of Glycopeptides as Posttranslationally Modified Neoantigens in Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Leukemias are highly immunogenic, but they have a low mutational load, providing few mutated peptide targets. Thus, the identification of alternative neoantigens is a pressing need. Here, we identify 36 MHC class I–associated peptide antigens with O-linked β-&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-acetylglucosamine (&lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-GlcNAc) modifications as candidate neoantigens, using three experimental approaches. Thirteen of these peptides were also detected with disaccharide units on the same residues and two contain either mono- and/or di-methylated arginine residues. A subset were linked with key cancer pathways, and these peptides were shared across all of the leukemia patient samples tested (5/5). Seven of the &lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-GlcNAc peptides were synthesized and five (71%) were shown to be associated with multifunctional memory T-cell responses in healthy donors. An &lt;i&gt;O&lt;/i&gt;-GlcNAc-specific T-cell line specifically killed autologous cells pulsed with the modified peptide, but not the equivalent unmodified peptide. Therefore, these posttranslationally modified neoantigens provide logical targets for cancer immunotherapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 376–84. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;