gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VAPOR-PHASE CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION OF HIGH POROSITY, NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS (2007)

Trifluoropropyl-trichlorosilane reagents were used to tailor the surface chemistry of porous nano-structured thin films fabricated using glancing angle deposition (GLAD). GLAD produces high surface area films of isolated columnar structures and provides complete control over the film morphology. Here, the chemical tunability of these GLAD films was investigated using solution and vapor-phase surface functionalization methods. All films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and advancing aqueous contact angle measurements. Our results indicate that the surface chemistry of the GLAD films was effectively changed after functionalization by either approaches. We also note that vapor-phase functionalization provides more consistent results and eliminates the need for organic solvents, making it an ideal method for tailoring the surface properties of GLAD films for specific applications.
Long‐term therapy of vitamin D‐resistant rickets with 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (1975)

The long-term effects of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-HCC), were evaluated in 2 children with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets. Serial total balance studies demonstrated an apparent lack of correlation between the effects of the vitamin on intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and both the onset of healing in 1 of the 2 patients treated with 5,000 to 7,500 u of the metabolite and the absence of demonstrable radiologic improvement in another patient in whom the final dosage was 20,000 u. per day. At first, the metabolite induced a positive calcium balance in both patients resulting largely from a reduction in intestinal calcium excretion. Despite a continued positive calcium balance, 1 of the 2 patients did not demonstrate further healing, while in the other patient healing was noted even when total calcium balance was negative. Serum phosphate levels did not return to normal in either patient, nor was phosphate excretion altered by 25-HCC. Serum alkaline phosphatase remained elevated in both. Serum immunoassayable parathyroid hormone levels were consistently normal to high-normal in the 2 patients throughout more than 24 months of observation. No instances of hypercalcemia and only occasional hypercalciuric episodes were noted.
Raman characterization of MoS2 microtube (2009)

Abstract A MoS 2 microtube synthesized by chemical transport reaction was studied by Raman line scan mapping. The Raman spectrum of the MoS 2 microtube closely resembles that of a MoS 2 single crystal. For the first order A 1g and E 2g Raman modes, the same frequencies can be observed for both MoS 2 microtubes and single crystals, respectively, while line widths are slightly larger in the microtube spectrum, which can be attributed to defects. In the line scan along the tube axis, the wave numbers of first order peaks are constant, while a slight up‐shift of the Raman lines is observed in a line scan perpendicular to the tube. Possible mechanisms are discussed and the heating effect is proposed. Line scan approach over the edge of an object thus enables accurate determination of positions of first order peaks in highly absorbing materials.
Waveguide Resonators With Combined Bragg Reflectors (2004)

We present a method to improve the selective properties of a waveguide resonator with Bragg reflectors on both ends, a passive device that is widely used in microwave engineering and optoelectronics. It is shown that additional mode conversions lead to a significantly rarefied spectrum of eigenoscillations with different transverse field structures. In particular, this can be achieved by using doubly periodic Bragg reflectors with different azimuthal symmetries forming four wave resonant field structures. The analysis of dispersion properties presented is applicable for resonators of arbitrary relation of lengths of the reflectors and waveguide.
Ni–Al Films on Glassy Carbon Electrodes Generate an Array of Oxygenated Organics from CO2 (2017)

The transformation of CO2 into chemical feedstocks or fuels is an attractive goal, but catalysts capable of generating useful, multicarbon products have been challenging to design. Here, thin films of the intermetallic Ni3Al on glassy carbon are found to be electrocatalytic for aqueous CO2 reduction. At–1.38 V vs Ag/AgCl, Ni3Al films produce a range of C1, C2, and C3 oxygenated organic species including 1-propanol and methanol at Faradaic efficiencies that are competitive with single-metal electrodes reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, Ni3Al on glassy carbon is the only noncopper-containing material shown to generate C3 products.
CDMS of Impβ complexes with Cp183 capsids show heterogeneity and flexibility. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;(a) CDMS mass spectra of Cp183 capsids (7.9 μM dimer, 66 nM capsid) and capsids with Impβ. Without Impβ we observe a single peak (inset), centered at the expected mass of 5.1 MDa but with a broad high mass tail (black); the green line shows the expected Gaussian peak shape. Spectra for Cp183 capsid (7.9 μM dimer, 66 nM capsid) with 3.0 μM Impβ (blue) and 14.8 μM Impβ (red), 45:1 and 224:1 Impβ:capsid, respectively, show heterogeneous capsid-Impβ complexes. At the highest concentration of Impβ, masses extend to about 15 MDa, consistent with capsid decorated with more than 90 Impβ molecules. The CDMS spectrum for the bare Cp183 capsid shown in panel a was generated from 8943 ions were binned in 20 kDa bins. For Cp183 with 3.0 and 14.8 μM Impβ, 5644 and 5772 ions, respectively, were binned in 40 kDa bins. Histograms were smoothed with a five point Savitsky-Golay algorithm. (b) A plot of charge versus mass for the data in panel (a). The black line shows the predictions of the charge residue model discussed in the text. Cp183 capsids (black points) have a narrow distribution consistent with an object with a well-defined geometry. Cp183 capsids with 14.8 μM Impβ (red) show a much more disperse distribution of charge. The bare capsid sample in the inset was dissolved in 250mM ammonium formate; samples with Impβ were in 150mM ammonium formate.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Properties of thin SiC membrane for x-ray mask</title> (1993)

We have investigated the effects of film thickness, anti-reflective (AR) coating and surface roughness on the optical transparency of silicon carbide (SiC) membrane. Peak transmittances monotonously increased as the thickness decreased. The transmittance at 633 nm for 1.05 micrometers thick SiC membrane adjusted by reactive ion etching was 70%, and increased up to 80% by an AR coating. SiC membrane with extremely smooth surface of 0.12 nm (Ra) has been obtained by polishing, and had peak transmittances of 69% and 80% at 633 nm for 2.0 micrometers and 1.0 micrometers in thickness, respectively. Poly-crystalline (beta) -SiC membrane in the suitable tensile stress range of 0.3 to 2.0 X 10<SUP>8</SUP> Pa and with high Young's modulus of 4.5 X 10<SUP>11</SUP> Pa has been prepared by a hot wall type low pressure chemical vapor deposition, and been found to need to have thickness over 0.7 micrometers to maintain sufficient mechanical strength in processing.
Fire retardancy of polymeric materials: a journey through the mechanisms (2020)

International audience
Artificial Organelles for Energy Regeneration (2019)

One of the critical steps in sustaining life-mimicking processes in synthetic cells is energy, i.e., adenosine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration. Previous studies have shown that the simple addition of ATP or ATP regeneration systems, which do not regenerate ATP directly from ADP and P<sub>i</sub> , have no or only limited success due to accumulation of ATP hydrolysis products. In general, ATP regeneration can be achieved by converting light or chemical energy into ATP, which may also involve redox transformations of cofactors. The present contribution provides an overview of the existing ATP regeneration strategies and the related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup> ) redox cycling, with a focus on compartmentalized systems. Special attention is being paid to those approaches where so-called artificial organelles are developed. They comprise a semipermeable membrane functionalized by biological or man-made components and employ external energy in the form of light or nutrients in order to generate a transmembrane proton gradient, which is further utilized for ATP synthesis.
Model-Based Decoding, Information Estimation, and Change-Point Detection Techniques for Multineuron Spike Trains (2010)

One of the central problems in systems neuroscience is to understand how neural spike trains convey sensory information. Decoding methods, which provide an explicit means for reading out the information contained in neural spike responses, offer a powerful set of tools for studying the neural coding problem. Here we develop several decoding methods based on point-process neural encoding models, or forward models that predict spike responses to stimuli. These models have concave log-likelihood functions, which allow efficient maximum-likelihood model fitting and stimulus decoding. We present several applications of the encoding model framework to the problem of decoding stimulus information from population spike responses: (1) a tractable algorithm for computing the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of the stimulus, the most probable stimulus to have generated an observed single- or multiple-neuron spike train response, given some prior distribution over the stimulus; (2) a gaussian approximation to the posterior stimulus distribution that can be used to quantify the fidelity with which various stimulus features are encoded; (3) an efficient method for estimating the mutual information between the stimulus and the spike trains emitted by a neural population; and (4) a framework for the detection of change-point times (the time at which the stimulus undergoes a change in mean or variance) by marginalizing over the posterior stimulus distribution. We provide several examples illustrating the performance of these estimators with simulated and real neural data.
Efficient visible electroluminescence from highly porous silicon under cathodic bias (1992)

Visible electroluminescence (EL) has been obtained from porous silicon cathodically biased in an aqueous electrolyte containing either the persulphate or the peroxide ion. EL efficiencies of up to 0.1% have been obtained from porous silicon formed on both n-type and p-type substrates for the application of only a few volts bias. In subdued lighting, the EL is easily visible to the naked eye at excitation densities of 0.1 W cm−2. EL is obtained only from porous silicon capable of giving photoluminescence (PL); the EL and PL spectra are broadly similar in width and peak wavelength. The EL spectra are reversibly shifted to shorter wavelengths as the magnitude of the bias is increased. In contrast with the previously reported EL under anodic conditions, this cathodic EL process does not irreversibly oxidize the porous silicon skeleton.
Elemental analysis by doubly resonant four-wave mixing in Na-seeded flames (1988)

Doubly resonant four-wave mixing has been used with two lasers set for resonance with the two Na D-line transitions to perform elemental analysis with a Na-seeded flame. The method is analogous to phase-conjugation methods where all lasers have the same frequency. Strong saturation effects and dynamic Stark splittings are observed and used to optimize the mixing efficiency. A nonperturbative theory is presented and shown to describe the experimental results.
A Survey of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Status in China (2023)

This survey objectively reflected the current status of TDM work in hospitals in China, and provided a strong reference base for devising strategies for improvement and effective execution of TDM work.
Tissue-Specific Regulation of Growth Hormone (GH) Receptor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Gene Expression in the Pituitary and Liver of GH-Deficient (lit/lit) Mice and Transgenic Mice that Overexpress Bovine GH (bGH) or a bGH Antagonist (2004)

GH has diverse biological actions that are mediated by binding to a specific, high-affinity cell surface receptor (GHR). Expression of GHR is tissue specific and a requirement for cellular responsiveness to GH. IGF-I is produced in multiple tissues and regulated in part by GH through GHR. In this study, we evaluated GHR and IGF-I mRNA expression in pituitary gland and compared the levels with those derived from liver of bovine GH transgenic, GH antagonist transgenic, lit/lit mice, and their respective controls using real-time RT-PCR. In liver, both GHR and IGF-I mRNA expressions were regulated in parallel with GH action in all three animal models, and there was a strong correlation between GHR and IGF-I mRNA levels. In the pituitary gland, increased expression of IGF-I mRNA in the pituitary of bovine GH transgenic mice was observed, whereas IGF-I expression in GH antagonist transgenic or lit/lit mice was similar to that observed in control animals. There were no differences of GHR mRNA levels in pituitary gland of any groups we examined. There was also no correlation between GHR and IGF-I mRNA levels in any group in the pituitary gland. In conclusion, we found that hepatic GHR and IGF-I mRNA levels were strongly correlated with each other in chronic GH excess or deficient state, and that regulation and correlation between local GHR and IGF-I mRNA levels induced by GH is different between liver and pituitary gland.
Impact of Phase Shifted Coil Currents on Plasma Uniformity (2011)

Plasma etching at sub-3x-nm nodes requires inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactors to work within tight uniformity constraints. The characteristic donut shape of the ICPs is, however, visible on the wafer in a 20-60 mTorr range due to reduced plasma diffusion. Phase shifting of the coil currents in an ICP source has been used to improve plasma uniformity. Images of plasma properties with and without phase shift of coil currents are presented.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SUBTILASE PROTEASE IN CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM AND C. HOMINIS (2007)

Cryptosporidium spp., enteropathogens of humans and other animals, are members of the Apicomplexa. In parasites belonging to this phylum, proteases have been shown to play a key role in the invasion of host cells, organelle biogenesis, and intracellular survival. The subtilases constitute a family of serine proteases present in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses. The C. parvum subtilase gene, CpSUB1, encodes a transcript of 3,972 base pairs (bp) and 1,324 amino acids. Using homologous polymerase chain reaction primers, a similar gene, ChSUB1, which has 98% (4,007 bp/4,050 bp) identity to CpSUB1, was found in C. hominis. The alignment of the CpSUB1 and ChSUB1 nucleotide sequences identified primarily silent substitutions, consistent with the absence of diversifying selection. The catalytic domain of CpSUB1 is very similar to that of other Apicomplexa (>38% amino acid identity and >57% similarity) and to the bacterial subtilisin BPN from B. subtilis (36 and 47%). Transcriptional up-regulation during merozoite development was observed in cell culture, and a predicted 76-bp intron located near the 3′ end of the open reading frame was confirmed experimentally. Cryptosporidium parvum infection in cell culture was significantly inhibited by subtilisin inhibitor III and other serine protease inhibitors, emphasizing the importance of the parasite's subtilase for intracellular development and the enzyme's potential as a drug target.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Enzyme, Maltooligosyl Trehalose Trehalohydrolase, fromArthrobactersp. Q36 (1995)

A novel enzyme, maltooligosyl trehalose trehalohydrolase from Arthrobacter sp. Q36 was purified from a cell-free extract to an electrophoretically pure state by successive column chromatography on Sepabeads FP-DA13, Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, DEAE-Toyopearl 650S, and Toyopearl HW-55S. The enzyme specifically catalyzed the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkage that bound the maltooligosyl and trehalose moieties of maltooligosyl trehalose. The Km of the enzyme for maltosyl trehalose, maltotriosyl trehalose, maltotetraosyl trehalose, and maltopentaosyl trehalose was 5.5 mM, 4.6 mM, 7.0 mM, and 4.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 62,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a pI of 4.1 by gel isoelectrofocusing. The N-terminal amino acid of the enzyme was threonine. The enzyme showed the highest activity at pH 6.5 and 45 degrees C, and was stable from pH 5.0 to 10.0 and up to 45 degrees C. The activity was inhibited by Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+.
Introduction (2020)

No AccessDiscontinuous Fiber-Reinforced CompositesMar 2020IntroductionUmesh N. Gandhi, Sebastian Goris, Tim A. Osswald, Yu-Yang SongUmesh N. Gandhi, Sebastian Goris, Tim A. Osswald, Yu-Yang Songhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906958.001SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 1-27Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-694-1eISBN: 978-1-56990-695-8 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
BLER of Turbo SIC Multiplying Weighting Factor to Symbol Estimates for OFDM Using FTN Signaling (2021)

This paper proposes multiplying a weighting factor of less than one to the interfering orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol esti-mates in a turbo soft interference canceller (SIC) for OFDM applying faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling. Computer simulation results show that by multiplying the weighting factor of 0.8 or 0.9 to the interfering OFDM symbol estimates, the required average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) satisfying the target aver-age block error rate (BLER) is decreased significantly assuming the same improvement level in the spectral eﬃciency of the FTN signaling compared to cyclic pre x based OFDM using 16QAM associated with the turbo coding rates of 1/3 and 1/2 in multipath Rayleigh fading channels.
Sex differences in the relationship between cerebral vascular resistance and sympathetic nerve activity: a magnetic resonance imaging study (680.9) (2014)

In men, we have found that cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) in the internal carotid (ICA), vertebral (VA) and basilar arteries (BA) is related to muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Since sex hormones play a role in blood flow/pressure regulation, we hypothesised that CVR and blood flow in the ICA, VA, and BA would not be related to the level of MSNA or blood pressure (BP) in young women. In normotensive men (n= 11, age; 30 ± 2 yrs) and pre‐menopausal women (n=7; 33±2 yrs) blood flow in the ICA, VA and BA was measured using magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging at 2 locations (1 cm below/above the VA convergence) with concurrent brachial BP measurements. CVR was calculated as mean BP/blood flow. MSNA was similar in men and women (30 ± 1 vs. 28±1 bursts/100 hb) and positively related to CVR in the left and right ICA (r=0.74, r=0.62, P0.05). Interestingly, mean BP was negatively correlated with blood flow in the ICA, VA and BA in men (r=‐0.54, r=‐0.56, r=‐0.50, P&lt;0.05), but not in women (P&lt;0.05). In summary, men with high CVR and low blood flow in the intracranial arteries had higher MSNA and BP. Cerebral blood flow and CVR may be important in setting resting BP and MSNA in men but not in pre‐menopausal women. British Heart Foundation funded. Grant Funding Source : Supported by the British Heart Foundation
Crystallization in Oriented Semicrystalline Diblock Copolymers (1996)

Crystallization in oriented diblock copolymers containing poly(ethylene) (PE) has been investigated using simultaneous small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). The orientation of the crystallized PE stems was deduced from the orientation of peaks in the WAXS pattern with respect to those in the SAXS to be parallel to the lamellar interface for symmetric diblocks containing PE and either a rubbery or glassy amorphous block. For a symmetric diblock with a poly(vinylcyclohexane) block that is glassy at room temperature we observe diffuse scattering parallel to the meridian in the SAXS pattern that is consistent with lateral correlations between PE crystallites within the layers of semicrystalline PE. In contrast, in all the samples containing an amorphous component, PE crystallization occurred with no lateral positional correlations of crystallites. Crystallization in asymmetric diblocks with compositions fPE = 0.35 and 0.46 was also investigated. It was found that a lamellar structure is the stable solid structure and that this melts epitaxially to a hexagonal-packed cylinder structure in the fPE = 0.35 sample. For the fPE = 0.46 sample that forms a perforated layer phase in the melt, chain-folded PE stems were found to be parallel to the lamellar interface, as for the symmetric diblocks.
185 Glycoproteomics Reveals Decorin Peptides with Anti-Myostatin Activity In Human Atrial Fibrillation (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Myocardial fibrosis is a feature of many cardiac diseases. We used proteomics to profile glycoproteins in the human cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). <h3>Methods and Results</h3> Atrial specimens were analysed by mass spectrometry after extraction of ECM proteins and enrichment for glycoproteins or glycopeptides. Out of all ECM proteins identified, the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin was found to be the most fragmented. Within its protein core, eighteen different cleavage sites were identified. In contrast, no cleavage was observed for biglycan, the most closely related proteoglycan. Decorin processing differed between human ventricles and atria and was altered in disease. The C-terminus of decorin, important for the interaction with connective tissue growth factor, was predominantly detected in ventricles compared to atria. In contrast, atrial appendages from patients in persistent atrial fibrillation had higher levels of full-length decorin but also harboured a cleavage site that was not found in atrial appendages from patients in sinus rhythm. This cleavage site preceded the N-terminal domain of decorin that controls muscle growth by altering the binding capacity for myostatin. Myostatin expression was decreased in atrial appendages of patients with persistent persistent atrial fibrillation and hearts of decorin null mice. A synthetic peptide corresponding to this decorin region dose-dependently inhibited the response to myostatin in cardiac myocytes and in perfused mouse hearts. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This proteomics study is the first to analyse the human cardiac ECM. Novel processed forms of decorin protein core, uncovered in human atrial appendages can regulate the local bioavailability of anti-hypertrophic and pro-fibrotic growth factors.