gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Deactivation of Peripheral, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Insulin Action in Man (1982)

The in vivo deactivation of insulin action has been studied in 10 lean, nondiabetic subjects using a modification of the euglycemic glucose clamp technique. Following cessation of 40- and 120-mU/m2/min insulin infusions, the serum insulin levels fell to one-half their initial values (mean +/- SE) of 126 +/- 7 and 350 +/- 14 microunits/ml in 7 +/- 1 and 8 +/- 1 min, respectively. The mean incremental glucose disposal rates (IGDR) fell more slowly following discontinuation of the 40- and 120-mU/m2/min insulin infusions, so that the time required for the IGDRs to fall to one-half their initial values (D50 IGDR) were were 42 +/- 5 and 78 +/- 1 min, respectively. Mean hepatic glucose output was totally suppressed during the 40- and 120-mU/m2/min insulin infusions, remained completely suppressed following cessation of the infusions for 50 and 80 mi, and subsequently returned to basal levels. The times required for the HGOs to return to one-half their basal levels (R50 HGO) were 59 +/- 8 and 119 +/- 6 min, respectively. The times required for insulin action to decrease to one-half the initial values in the periphery (D50 IGDR) and in the liver (R50 HGO) were correlated with the preceding steady-state glucose disposal rates in individual subjects (r = 0.75, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.58, P less than 0.05, respectively). The suppression of endogenous insulin secretion by exogenous insulin infusions was also studied in 4 subjects during a total of 5 euglycemic glucose clamps; the mean basal serum C-peptide level was 0.67 +/- 0.24 pmol/ml before administration of the exogenous insulin, fell to 0.34 +/- 0.17 pmol/ml during the steady-state phase of the study, and remained suppressed throughout the duration of the deactivation phase of the glucose clamp. Residual pancreatic insulin secretory capacity was demonstrated by a rise in the serum C-peptide level to 1.77 +/- 0.50 pmol/ml at 120 min following a standardized meal given at the conclusion of the deactivation phase of the glucose clamp. These results demonstrate that the deactivation of insulin action in the periphery, liver, and pancreas lags behind the disappearance of insulin from the plasma. The mechanisms responsible for this lag in in vivo deactivation are not known for certain, but may include slower clearance of insulin form tissue compartments than form the plasma, the necessity for the target tissues to generate specific deactivation signals, or a slow rate of decay of saturable steps in the cellular activation process.
Ultrasound assisted in-situ formation of carbon/sulfur cathodes (2023)

A process of preparing an E-carbon nanocomposite includes contacting a porous carbon substrate with an E-containing material to form a mixture; and sonicating the mixture to form the E-carbon nanocomposite; where E is S, Se, Se.sub.xS.sub.y, or Te, x is greater than 0; and y is greater than 0.
Photochemical dimerization of parinaric acid in lipid bilayers (1980)

Parinaric acid (9,11,13,15-octadecatetraenoic acid), a conjugated tetraene fatty acid, undergoes a second-order photochemical reaction in phospholipid bilayers. The reaction results in the loss of the characteristic absorption of this chromophore and the development of new absorption demonstrating the presence of a triene chromophore. The progress of this reaction is easily monitored by measurement of the decrease in the fluorescence intensity from a uniformly illuminated sample. The reaction rate measured in this way is sensitive to the thermal phase transition of the bilayer and to the presence of cholesterol. The relationship of the second-order rate constant to the lipid diffusion coefficient is discussed. This relationship differs from that previously used for the analysis of similar photochemical processes.
Photoconductive high-voltage switches of thin film amorphous silicon for EAP actuators (2003)

Dielectric elastomer actuators offer unprecedented opportunities for actuation in a wide range of applications. To make appealing large scale and efficient systems, new electronic devices combining high voltage and flexibility need to be designed. In this paper we report the first mechatronic system, made of an array of electro-active polymer based actuators integrated with thin film photoconductive high voltage switches fabricated on a plastic film substrate. The actuator is an acrylic elastomer diaphragm that expands under electrical stimulation. Each actuator is connected to the high voltage power supply through a photoconductive switch, which is addressed and closed by illumination. The amorphous silicon switches are made on flexible and transparent polyimide (Kapton E®) substrates. Individual switches were tested up to 8 kV and a nine-element array was successfully working at 5 kV.
Inhomogeneous injection in III-nitride diode structures with deep quantum wells (2013)

Excessive depth of optically active quantum wells (QWs) in III-nitride light emitters of visible range is one of the main causes of inhomogeneous carrier injection in multiple-quantum-well (MQW) device active region. Deeper QWs imply stronger inhomogeneity of carrier distribution across the active region and support large residual charges of marginally located N-side and P-side QWs. Drift-diffusion transport approximation underestimates the minority carrier supply to marginal QWs which results in higher degree of injection inhomogeneity in transport simulation. We show that electron ballistic overshoot of narrow III-N QWs notably improves the carrier transport in MQW active region but has controversial effect on QW population uniformity.
Plasma Proteome Signature of Sepsis: a Functionally Connected Protein Network (2019)

Sepsis is an extreme host response to infection that leads to loss of organ function and cardiovascular integrity. Mortality from sepsis is on the rise. Despite more than three decades of research and clinical trials, specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for sepsis are still absent. The use of LFQ- and TMT-based quantitative proteomics is reported here to study the plasma proteome in five mouse models of sepsis. A knowledge-based interpretation of the data reveals a protein network with extensive connectivity through documented functional or physical interactions. The individual proteins in the network all have a documented role in sepsis and are known to be extracellular. The changes in protein abundance observed in the mouse models of sepsis have for the most part the same directionality (increased or decreased abundance) as reported in the literature for human sepsis. This network has been named the Plasma Proteome Signature of Sepsis (PPSS). The PPSS is a quantifiable molecular readout that can supplant the current symptom-based approach used to diagnose sepsis. This type of molecular interpretation of sepsis, its progression, and its response to therapeutic intervention are an important step in advancing our understanding of sepsis, and for discovering and evaluating new therapeutic strategies.
Unconventional designs of RF probes for high-field MRI to enhance magnetic field uniformity (2017)

We present approaches to enhancing magnetic field uniformity produced by RF probes in high-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners by introducing compensating non-uniformities in the probe designs. Unconventional designs of RF probes for operating at 600 MHz in 14 T MRI scanners are demonstrated, including a solenoid coil with non-uniform wrapping and dielectric separators, a system of microstrip patch antennas with substrates engineered by using high permittivity inserts, and a system of specifically shaped patch antennas. The advantages of the proposed probe designs are discussed.
Effect of recombinant stem cell growth factors on immunomagnetically isolated CD34+ cells (1992)

Purified CD34+ cells can be isolated by immunomagnetic separation. The isolated cells contain subsets that can multiply after addition of recombinant growth factors and generate cells of the granulocytic, monocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages. Other subsets can expand and maintain expression of CD34, particularly after stimulation with IL-3 and GM-CSF. These findings indicate that isolated CD34+ cells might be stimulated ex vivo with recombinant growth factors to accelerate engraftment after transplantation of the cells.
Dissociation of Transcription from Translation of Human IL-1 : Induction of Steady State mRNA by Adherence or Recombinant C5a in the Absence of Translation (1992)

Interleukin (IL) 1 is an important mediator of local and systemic disease. Blocking IL-1 using the IL-1 receptor antagonist has reduced the severity of disease in animal models of septic shock, diabetes, graft-vs-host disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and the spontaneous proliferation of leukemia cells. Blocking IL-1 and reduction in the synthesis of IL-1 are important strategies for reducing the progression of inflammatory disease and autoimmune diseases. Nature, however, maintains control over the synthesis of IL-1 by dissociating transcription for translation. In this paper, the basis for the dissociation of IL-1 beta synthesis of mRNA from synthesis of the IL-1 beta protein is reviewed.
Classification de potentiels évoqués P300 par géométrie riemannienne pour les interfaces cerveau-machine EEG (2013)

Cet article presente une nouvelle methode de classification pour les potentiels evoques dans le cadre des interfaces cerveau machine (ICMs) EEG. A travers une estimation specifique des matrices de covariance, ce travail etend l'utilisation de la geometrie Riemannienne, jusqu'alors limitee aux ICMs fondees sur l'imagination motrice, a la classification des potentiel evoques. En comparaison aux methodes de l'etat de l'art, la methode presentee offre une augmentation des performances tout en diminuant le nombre de donnees de necessaire a la calibration du classifieur et en offrant une meilleure generalisation entre les sessions d'enregistrement.
Blacklisting Recommendation System: Using Spatio-Temporal Patterns to Predict Future Attacks (2011)

In this paper, we study the problem of forecasting attack sources based on past attack logs from several contributors. We formulate this problem as an implicit recommendation system, and we propose a multi-level prediction model to solve it. Our model evaluates and combines various factors, namely: (i) attacker-victim history using time-series, (ii) attackers and/or victims interactions using neighborhood models and (iii) global patterns using singular value decomposition. We evaluate our combined method, referred to as Blacklisting Recommendation System (or BRS), on one month of logs from Dshield, and we demonstrate that it improves significantly the prediction rate over state-of-the-art methods as well as the robustness against poisoning attacks. Along the way, we analyze the Dshield dataset, and we reveal dominant patterns of malicious traffic.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Substituted‐3‐phenylquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones: Acidic and Nonacidic Glycine Site N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate Antagonists with in vivo Activity. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
VP18.04: Automatic evaluation of the cardiothoracic area ratio and cardiac axis in fetal ultrasound using deep learning (2021)

The abnormal findings of the fetal cardiothoracic area ratio (CTAR) and cardiac axis (CA) are manifested as a result of various factors such as fetal heart dysfunction and compensatory state. Therefore, these indexes are convenient and highly useful for primary fetal cardiac screening. We have been developing artificial intelligence (AI) powered diagnostic support technologies for fetal ultrasound. In this study, we constructed a deep learning-based model that automatically measures the above indexes in a cross-section with a four-chamber view (4CV) and evaluated its performance. We enrolled 1142 of 4CV ultrasound images of 279 normal cases (the range of gestational age: 18–28 weeks). These 4CV images were annotated with ground truth labels for the heart, lung, vertebra, and ventricular septum. We performed segmentation using DoubleU-net, processed each prediction label, and combined the necessary information to construct our model. We calculated the heart label pixels/ the thoracic label pixels as CTAR. We also calculated the angle as CA, which was formed between the approximate straight line of the ventricular septal label and the straight line that passed through the vertebra dividing equally the thorax area into two parts. We made the performance evaluation using 50 of 4CV ultrasound images of 25 normal cases as the test dataset. The segmentation results of the heart, lung, vertebra, and ventricular septum were evaluated using the values of the intersection over union (IoU), which were 0.887, 0.976, 0.706, and 0.662, respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) of CTAR was 1.94%, and that of CA was 10.1°. It was suggested that our proposed model could calculate CTAR and CA automatically by inputting 4CV ultrasound images and combining the segmentation results of each structure. We would like to further determine the appropriate image depiction of 4CV and verify the operation using fetal abnormal cases.
Unbroken Perovskite: Interplay of Morphology, Electro‐optical Properties, and Ionic Movement (2016)

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials have risen up as leading components for light-harvesting applications. However, to date many questions are still open concerning the operation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A systematic analysis of the interplay among structural features, optoelectronic performance, and ionic movement behavior for FA0.83 MA0.17 Pb(I0.83 Br0.17 )3 PSCs is presented, which yield high power conversion efficiencies up to 20.8%.
The genomic complexity of primary human prostate cancer (2011)

2011 August 10.
In Vitro Evaluation of Stone Fragment Evacuation by Suction (2020)

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Contemporary, flexible stone baskets are unable to extract submillimeter stone fragments at the time of ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. In this <i>in vitro</i> study, the feasibility of suctioning submillimeter fragments with a standard Luer Lock syringe through the working channel of a flexible ureteroscope was assessed. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Phantom stones made from industrial plaster were mechanically fragmented into ≤1 and ≤0.5-mm groups. Both stone groups were divided into five preweighed trial samples. Each stone group was then mixed in a beaker filled with normal saline. A standard 10-mL Luer Lock syringe was connected to a fiber-optic ureteroscope with a 1.2-mm working channel. The syringe was then used to suction stone fragments from the beaker. The suctioned stone fragments and the stone fragments remaining in the beaker after removing the overlying solution were separated, centrifuged with supernatant removed, and dried in an incubator set at 33°C for 1 week. Dried weights were recorded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean total weights for ≤0.5 and ≤1.0-mm stone groups at baseline were 0.807 and 0.806 g, respectively. The mean percentages of stone fragments suctioned through the ureteroscope for ≤0.5 and ≤1.0-mm groups were 86% and 86%, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.973). During suctioning, 64% of stones in the ≤0.5-mm group were trapped in either the working channel of the ureteroscope or within the Luer Lock syringe compared with 78% of stones in the ≤1-mm group (<i>p</i> = 0.001) requiring cessation of the procedure to clear the channel. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It is feasible to suction submillimeter stone fragments by connecting a Luer Lock syringe to the working channel of a flexible ureteroscope. The limiting factor for removing stone fragments appears to be the small working channel of flexible ureteroscopes as trapping of fragments during suctioning is common and requires time-consuming removal of the endoscope and clearing of the channel.
Edge Computing for Interconnected Intersections in Internet of Vehicles (2020)

To improve the traffic flow in the interconnected intersections, the vehicles and infrastructure such as road side units (RSUs) need to collaboratively determine vehicle scheduling while exchanging information via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. However, due to a large number of vehicles and their mobility, scheduling in the interconnected intersection is a challenging problem. Moreover, since low-latency information exchange and real-time decision making process are required, it becomes more challenging to design a holistic framework incorporating traffic control and V2X communications. In this paper, an edge computing framework is proposed to solve a travel time minimization problem at the interconnected intersections. The proposed framework enables each RSU to decide intersection scheduling while the vehicles individually determine travel trajectory by controlling their dynamics. To this end, a V2X communications protocol is designed to exchange information among vehicles and RSUs. Then, the road segments around intersection are partitioned into sequence, control, and crossing zones. In the sequence zone, optimal time is scheduled for vehicles to pass the intersection with a minimum delay. In the control zone, the location and velocity of each vehicle are controlled to arrive the crossing zone at the scheduled time by using a control algorithm designed to effectively increase driving comfort and reduce fuel consumption. Thus, the proposed framework enables the vehicles to safely pass the crossing zone without collision. Simulation results show that the proposed edge computing can successfully reduce the total travel time by up to 14.3% based on optimal scheduling for the interconnected intersections.
SDN integration in LTE mobile backhaul networks (2014)

The major challenge in future mobile networks is how to improve throughput to support the increase demand in traffic. Software Defined Networks is the new technology proposed but so far it has been proposed to be integrated in the current 4G architecture without major changes. However, we present the mobile networks beyond 4G where Software Defined Network should be used in a more disruptive approach to redesign the current architecture. This proposal includes the proper migration path to ensure reasonable transition phase. The objective is not to meet short term needs but to fulfill the future throughput requirements by revamping the transport network in the mobile backhaul, and moving most of the current LTE network elements to the cloud. In this approach we remove completely the core mobile network as it is known today. Instead, the mobile architecture beyond 4G consists of a simplified access network formed by base stations i.e. eNodeBs, interconnected through a backhaul network composed by SDN switches managed from the cloud together with the rest of LTE network elements.
Passive Component Network for Antenna Isolation in MIMO Systems for Handheld Terminals (2011)

This paper presents an improved method to isolate the ports for a MIMO antenna in hand-held devices using lumped components. It has been analyzed through simulation and measurement. The total efficiency and the envelope correlation have been evaluated. Compared to the case with no decoupling mechanism, the efficiency from the scattering parameters increases significantly and the envelope correlation coefficient decreases dramatically. Nevertheless, when choosing the components, the ohmic losses must receive extra consideration in order to maximize the system's total efficiency. Furthermore, the use of lumped components has the potential to make the presence of other components in the mobile device or the user, less harmful to the decoupling mechanism.
Cartilaginous and osteochondral tissue formation by human mesenchymal stem cells on three-dimensionally woven scaffolds (2018)

Abstract The development of mechanically functional cartilage and bone tissue constructs of clinically relevant size, as well as their integration with native tissues, remain important challenges for regenerative medicine. The objective of this study was to assess adult human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in large, three dimensionally woven poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds in proximity to viable bone, both in a nude rat subcutaneous pouch model and under simulated conditions in vitro . In Study I, various scaffold permutations: PCL alone, PCL-bone, “point-of- care” seeded MSC-PCL-bone, and chondrogenically pre-cultured Ch-MSC-PCL-bone constructs were implanted in a dorsal, ectopic pouch in a nude rat. After eight weeks, only cells in the Ch- MSC-PCL constructs exhibited both chondrogenic and osteogenic gene expression profiles. Notably, while both tissue profiles were present, constructs that had been chondrogenically pre- cultured prior to implantation showed a loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) as well as the presence of mineralization along with the formation of trabecula-like structures. In Study II of the study, the GAG loss and mineralization observed in Study I in vivo were recapitulated in vitro by the presence of either nearby bone or osteogenic culture medium additives but were prevented by a continued presence of chondrogenic medium additives. These data suggest conditions under which adult human stem cells in combination with polymer scaffolds synthesize functional and phenotypically distinct tissues based on the environmental conditions, and highlight the potential influence that paracrine factors from adjacent bone may have on MSC fate, once implanted in vivo for chondral or osteochondral repair.
A replica molding technique for producing fibrous chitosan scaffolds for cartilage engineering (2007)

Cartilage engineering benefits from the fabrication of random fibrous constructs, mimicking the structures found in the extracellular matrix of natural tissue, to support the attachment and proliferation of cells. Here, a novel approach is demonstrated for the production of fibers with controlled dimensions in the micron regime from the naturally derived biopolymer chitosan. The process involves filling an array of microchannels recessed into a mold surface with a solution bearing chitosan, inducing a pH-dependent coagulation, and releasing the structures from the mold into a medium where they assume random orientation. The dimensions and shape of these channels in the master template were defined by a standard photolithographic process followed by anisotropic reactive ion etching of the underlying silicon wafer. Replica castings of this silicon wafer surface in elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) served as the mold for chitosan. The resulting scaffolds were produced with fiber cross-sectional widths of 22 ± 4 µm, 13 ± 3 µm, 4.7 ± 1.6 µm, 1.7 ± 0.6 µm, and 1.1 ± 0.4 µm and were found to consist of 97.8 ± 0.5% medium when hydrated. Study of the nanoscale morphology of the fibers revealed that the effects of liquid surface tension play a significant role in the preservation of this open form and that lyophilization of the product is the preferred long term storage method.
Innate immunity for better or worse govern the allograft response (2015)

Opportunity lies in the ability to rein in detrimental peri-transplant inflammation and in the ability to promote the longevity of a subpopulation of highly potent tissue-resident immunoregulatory macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methodology for the Conversion of Pyrylium Salts into Pyridinium Derivatives. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.