gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Is Expressed on CD40 Ligand-Activated Dendritic Cells and Directly Augments Production of Inflammatory Cytokines (2001)

Dendritic cells (DC) comprise a key part of the innate immune system that, upon activation, profoundly influences the nature of the adaptive T cell response. In this study, we present evidence that signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM), a molecule first identified in activated T and B cells, is strongly up-regulated in DC activated through CD40, as well as in response to inflammatory stimuli, including polyinosinic polycytidylic acid and LPS. mRNA encoding both membrane-bound and soluble secreted isoforms of SLAM was detected in CD40 ligand-activated DC, comprising two of the four known SLAM isoforms. Expression of membrane-bound SLAM protein peaked at 12 h poststimulation with CD40 ligand, gradually returning to baseline levels after 6 days. SLAM up-regulation appears to be a direct result of the induction of DC maturation, as inflammatory cytokines released during this process do not affect SLAM expression. Functionally, engagement of SLAM enhances DC production of IL-12 and IL-8, while having no effect on production of IL-10. Because SLAM is involved in the activation of T cells, the expression of SLAM on DC may provide a bidirectional signaling mechanism in which interacting DC and T cells are simultaneously and synergistically activated to mount proinflammatory Th1 responses.
Generation of Microcellular Materials via Self-Assembly in Carbon Dioxide (2002)

Fluoroalkyl urea compounds were designed to generate foams via dissolution in CO2, self-assembly in solution, and critical point drying via pressure reduction. The fluoroalkyl groups imparted CO2-philicity while hydrogen bonding between urea groups led to the formation of macromolecular structures. Monourea and bisurea compounds yielded collapsed foams of overlapping fibers because the association site density was not sufficient to form a rigid macrostructure. Triureas with a symmetric spacer in the hydrogen bonding core formed stable foams most readily. These foams were able to support their own weight and exhibited density values of 0.03−0.09 g/cm3 and a thermal conductivity of 0.04 W/m·K. Although a fluorinated polyacrylate urea copolymer was designed to exhibit the greatest density of urea sites for associations, the high proportion of these CO2-phobic groups diminished CO2 solubility. Further, strong intramolecular associations prevented the intermolecular self-assembly required for the generation of foams.
High-Performance Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries (2021)

Ceramic-polymer composite electrolytes are among the strong contenders for the development of safe and high-energy density solid-state Li-metal batteries (SSLB). Current composite electrolytes suffer, however, from low conductivity and thermodynamic instability versus cathode materials 1-3 . In order to overcome the current limitations, we report the preparation of electrolyte membranes based on lithium garnet (LLZO) nanowires synthesized via electrospinning technique, poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and a sulfonic-based plasticizer enabled with high Li-ion conductivity of 0.1 mS cm -1 at room temperature. The fabricated flexible membranes show improved electrochemical performances. For example, the cyclic voltammetry results confirm the electrochemical stability of the developed electrolyte membrane in a voltage window of 3 V to 5.5 V that potentially enables utilization of high voltage cathodes such as LiCoPO 4 . To extend, the electrochemical stability towards low voltage to enable the use of cathode materials operating in a larger or lower voltage range, we engineered the lithium metal surface by a thin layer of Li 3 N layer that stabilized the developed membranes down to 1.5 V. Integration of the developed electrolyte membranes with high specific capacity cathodes could potentially enable the next generation Li-metal batteries with high energy density. References: (1) Croce, F.; Appetecchi, G. B.; Persi, L.; Scrosati, B. Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries. Nature 1998 , 394 (6692), 456-458. https://doi.org/10.1038/28818. (2) Kuhnert, E.; Ladenstein, L.; Jodlbauer, A.; Slugovc, C.; Trimmel, G.; Wilkening, H.M.R.; Rettenwander, D. Lowering the Interfacial Resistance in Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 |Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Composite Electrolytes. Cell Rep. Phy. Sci. 2020 , 1 (10), 100214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100214. (3) Choudhury, S.; Stalin, S.; Vu, D.; Warren, A.; Deng, Y.; Biswal, P.; Archer, L. A. Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries. Nat. Commun. 2019 , 10 (1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12423-y. Acknowledgement: The financial support by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs, the National Foundation for Research, Technology and Development and the Christian Doppler Research Association (Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State Batteries) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (project no. P25702) is gratefully acknowledged.
A Convenient One-Pot Method for the Hydroxymethylation of Grignard Reagents (1990)

Grignard reagents and alkynyllithiums can be hydroxymethylated in a two-step one-pot reaction by reaction of a Grignard reagent with 1-chloro-2-(chloromethoxy)ethane (1), followed by treatment with sodium-potassium alloy and aqueous workup. The reaction was found to work for primary, secondary, tertiary, benzylic, allylic and aryl Grignard reagents in yields ranging from 57-95%.
Immune Thrombocytopenia (2010)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by autoimmune-mediated platelet destruction and impairment of thrombopoiesis. ITP may occur in the absence of an evident predisposing etiology (primary ITP) or secondary to a growing list of associated conditions (secondary ITP), and must be differentiated from other causes of thrombocytopenia. This review focuses on primary ITP in adults. The traditional goal of therapy in this population is to achieve a hemostatic platelet count of 30×10(9)/L or above for most patients while minimizing treatment-related morbidity. This approach has been called into question by the recent advent of well-tolerated and effective agents for the management of ITP, including pulse-dose dexamethasone, rituximab, and the thrombopoietin receptor agonists. Recent studies suggest the potential for aggressive therapy at the time of diagnosis to alter the natural history of ITP and point to the importance of quality-of-life considerations in therapeutic decision making.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Characteristics of Lung Cancers Harboring <i>NRAS</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 70K, Figure S2. Effect of a MEK inhibitor against HCC15 cells in combination with either a MET or IGF-1R inhibitor. A. The combination of SGX-523 and trametinib did not inhibit cell growth in HCC15 cells. B. The combination of linsitiniband trametinib showed a greater effect than either drug alone. We used linsitinib because we previously reported that HCC15 cells harbor high levels of IGF-1R (36).&lt;/p&gt;
Non-ideal mixing in binary blends of perdeuterated and protonated polystyrenes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNon-ideal mixing in binary blends of perdeuterated and protonated polystyrenesF. S. Bates and G. D. WignallCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 3, 932–934Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00157a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Role of inclusion size in toughening of epoxy resins by spherical micelles (2009)

Abstract We report our finding of an optimal length scale for toughening of epoxies using spherical micelles formed by block copolymers. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(hexylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PHO‐PEO) with 30 wt % PEO self‐assembled to form spherical micelles in a bisphenol A epoxy resin with a phenol novolac hardener. We systematically increased the size of the spherical micelles from 20–30 nm to 0.5–10 μm by swelling their PHO core using PHO homopolymer. Although all the blends were tougher than the unmodified epoxy, the largest enhancement of fracture resistance was measured in blends containing 0.1–1 μm spherical inclusions. This enhanced toughness was correlated with plastic deformation by shear banding in tensile test and greater roughness of the fracture surface. Smaller micelles neither induced plastic deformation nor contributed to surface roughness significantly whereas larger micelles acted as local defects resulting in early failure. These findings provide a framework in assessing the toughening effects of blended block copolymers on epoxy resins. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1125–1129, 2009
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Levels in Liver and Serum Increase During Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis (1996)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is mitogenic for hepatocytes and some tumor cell lines. Elevations in plasma HGF levels have been detected in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it is possible that HGF is involved in the promotion and/or progression of tumor growth. We measured serum and liver tissue HGF levels during chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Wistar rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in drinking water for 10 weeks with controls receiving drinking water only. Animals were killed at 10, 16, and 19 weeks. Liver HGF levels were determined from immunoblotted protein by scanning densitometry, and serum HGF levels were measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HGF was also immunolocalized in fixed liver tissue sections. In DEN-treated animals, at 10 weeks, there was necroinflammation but no dysplasia. Serum HGF was elevated compared with controls (P < .001) but there was no increase in liver HGF. At 16 weeks, there was liver cell dysplasia with minimal necroinflammation; serum and tissue HGF levels were both significantly elevated above controls. At 19 weeks, hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were present in five of six DEN-treated animals; liver HGF (P < .05) and serum HGF (P < .001) were both elevated compared with controls. HGF was localized in basement membranes around bile ducts and vessels and some perisinusoidal cells. Increased HGF immunolabeling was observed at 16 and 19 weeks, but dysplastic hepatocytes and tumor cells were HGF-negative. HGF may serve as a growth promoter at early stages during liver tumor development acting through possibly endocrine and paracrine pathways. Recent observations have described HGF as being mitoinhibitory for HCC cell lines; it is possible therefore that the continued up-regulation of HGF in the latter stages of our DEN model may inhibit tumor cell growth, and thus represent a form of antitumor host response.
Supplementary Table 4 from Emergence of Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer is Associated with BCL-2 and IKKB Dependencies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinical characteristics of prostate cancer patients with matched diagnostic (archival) castration-sensitive and metastatic castration-resistant tissue biopsies&lt;/p&gt;
Experimental evidence for quantum gravity? (1986)

A broad range of quantum field theories of gravity predict the existence of vector and scalar components of gravity in addition to the usual tensor component. These may produce effects observable at the classical level. We refer to experimental results suggestive of the appropriate effects and show that a clear, low‐energy test of these theories may be made by measuring the gravitational acceleration of antiprotons in the Earth’s field.
MobiCom 2010 Poster: TCPSpeaker: Clean and Dirty Sides of the Same Slate (2010)

The performance and fairness problems of TCP in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are well known [1, 2]. Approaches to solve them fall roughly into two classes: (i) those which maintain legacy TCP com-
Microelectromechanical Resonators for RF Applications (2017)

This chapter reviews some conventional transceiver architectures are, along with their potential for Microelectromechanical systems implementations. Micromechanical resonators are structures that can be used for filtering or signal generation applications in many subcomponents of radio frequency (RF) transceivers, due to their high level of frequency selectivity. The frequency of a microelectromechanical (MEM) resonator can be tuned to some degree by adjusting the DC bias voltage across the gap capacitance. Frequency pulling is a direct result of the nonlinear gap capacitance. Many developments of other RF MEM devices such as switches, inductors, and capacitors are enabling transceiver enhancements. MEM devices are easily integrated and hence can be used in greater numbers than off-chip components such as crystals and filters. One very interesting characteristic of MEM resonators is that they can be switched on and off by simply removing their bias voltages.
High temperature electronics packaging: An overview of substrates for high temperature (2015)

High temperature electronics (>200 °C) is an emerging technical area in electronics that requires new materials and processes or existing materials and processes in new ways. Results of reliability testing of packaging materials for >200 °C are presented so that the selection of appropriate packaging may be made to target an applications temperature and lifetime requirements. Polymer and ceramic substrates are compared using experimental testing. Lifetime comparisons at 200C for polymer substrates and limitations due to composition are made. Thick film alumina, Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic, and thin film AlN substrate qualification test results and limitations in material selection are presented.
Revealing the nitrogen reaction pathway for the catalytic oxidative denitrification of fuels (2023)

Aside from the desulfurisation, the denitrogenation of fuels is of great importance to minimze the environmental impact of transport emissions. The oxidative reaction pathway of organic nitrogen in the catalytic oxidative denitrogenation could be successfully elucidated. This is the first time such a pathway could be traced in detail in non-microbial systems. It was found that the organic nitrogen is first oxidized to nitrate, which is subsequently reduced to molecular nitrogen <i>via</i> nitrous oxide. Hereby, the organic substrate serves as a reducing agent. The discovery of this pathway is an important milestone for the further development of fuel denitrogenation technologies.
SPARC: Wireless Fecobionics Device in dogs (2020)

Objective We developed a novel wireless device (Fecobionics) for mapping colonic and anorectal neuromuscular function. Fecobionics measures pressures, cross‐sectional areas and bending of the device and transmits data wireless to a receiver unit outside the body (figure ). This study evaluated the safety of the device in dogs relative to the predicate THD SensyProbe device for biofeedback. Furthermore, physiological data were obtained with Fecobionics. Methods Twelve male Mongrel dogs with 25kg body weight were assigned into two groups: Fecobionics group and predicate control group (N=6 of each). Fecobionics and the predicate device were transanally inserted into rectum. Further, each group was divided into two sub‐groups: The acute group in which the animals were euthanized immediately after the evacuation of the device, and the chronic group in which the animals were terminated after 2 weeks. The animals were monitored daily. Tissue from different colon segments and anorectum were collected after the dogs were euthanized. HE staining and immunofluorescence staining were performed. Results All procedures were performed successfully without complications. All chronic animals showed normal food intake and behavior after the procedure. Wireless transmission of Fecobionics data were without significant data loss or data error. Fecobionics studies demonstrated defecation pressures in the range 60–100cmH 2 O. The bending of the device, representative of the anorectal angle, was less than 30 degrees. The shape of the bag was obtained from the serial cross‐sectional area measurements. The shape of Fecobionics was cylindrical in rectum and changed to hourglass shape when it passed through the anal canal. No signs of inflammation were identified in the tissue sections examined histologically or immunohistochemically (macrophages and caspase‐3) in both Fecobionics and control groups. Conclusions Wireless Fecobionics is as safe as the predicate device, without inducing macro‐ or microscopic changes or inflammatory status of anorectal muscle. Novel physiological data were obtained. Dogs seems not to have an anorectal angle like humans, which makes defecatory efficacy more dependent on intrarectal pressure and anal sphincter relaxation compared to humans. Support or Funding Information Funding NIH SPARC OT2OD025308 The Fecobionics device (left), the wireless receiver (middle) and the data collection device (right). Figure 1
Data from <i>Escherichia coli</i>–Specific CXCL13-Producing T<sub>FH</sub> Are Associated with Clinical Efficacy of Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade against Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Biomarkers guiding the neoadjuvant use of immune-checkpoint blockers (ICB) are needed for patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBC). Profiling tumor and blood samples, we found that follicular helper CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells (T&lt;sub&gt;FH&lt;/sub&gt;) are among the best therapeutic targets of pembrolizumab correlating with progression-free survival. T&lt;sub&gt;FH&lt;/sub&gt; were associated with tumoral CD8 and PD-L1 expression at baseline and the induction of tertiary lymphoid structures after pembrolizumab. Blood central memory T&lt;sub&gt;FH&lt;/sub&gt; accumulated in tumors where they produce CXCL13, a chemokine found in the plasma of responders only. IgG4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD38&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T&lt;sub&gt;FH&lt;/sub&gt; residing in bladder tissues correlated with clinical benefit. Finally, T&lt;sub&gt;FH&lt;/sub&gt; and IgG directed against urothelium-invasive &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; dictated clinical responses to pembrolizumab in three independent cohorts. The links between tumor infection and success of ICB immunomodulation should be prospectively assessed at a larger scale.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;In patients with bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt;–specific CXCL13 producing T&lt;sub&gt;FH&lt;/sub&gt; and IgG constitute biomarkers that predict clinical benefit. Beyond its role as a biomarker, such immune responses against &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; might be harnessed for future therapeutic strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-10-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Application of SEM-based contours for OPC model weighting and sample plan reduction (2015)

Continued improvements in SEM contour extraction capabilities have enabled calibrating more accurate OPC models for advanced technology nodes using a hybrid approach, combining CDs for 1D structures and full contour measurements for more complex 2D patterns. Previous work has addressed various components of contour modeling including alignment, edge detection, CD to contour consistency, and image parameter space coverage. This study covers weighting strategies for CDs compared to contours. Additionally the total number of structures in a sample plan can be reduced by incorporating contours for model calibration due to the increased number of evaluation points they provide. Repeated measurements of the same structure at separate locations are used to extract SEM contours across several instances. The average measurements from these locations can then be used for OPC model calibration. Using 14nm process data, it is shown that including more contours in hybrid OPC model calibration leads to improved model verification. Within an appropriate range, higher weight on the contour patterns leads to improved model verification on measurement sites unseen by the calibration set. Calibrating a model with fewer contour structures, but at higher weight shows improvement over standard CD only model calibration.
Hepatitis B Virus Evasion From Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate–Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase Sensing in Human Hepatocytes (2018)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and cancer worldwide. The mechanisms of viral genome sensing and the evasion of innate immune responses by HBV infection are still poorly understood. Recently, the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) was identified as a DNA sensor. In this study, we investigated the functional role of cGAS in sensing HBV infection and elucidate the mechanisms of viral evasion. We performed functional studies including loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments combined with cGAS effector gene expression profiling in an infectious cell culture model, primary human hepatocytes, and HBV-infected human liver chimeric mice. Here, we show that cGAS is expressed in the human liver, primary human hepatocytes, and human liver chimeric mice. While naked relaxed-circular HBV DNA is sensed in a cGAS-dependent manner in hepatoma cell lines and primary human hepatocytes, host cell recognition of viral nucleic acids is abolished during HBV infection, suggesting escape from sensing, likely during packaging of the genome into the viral capsid. While the hepatocyte cGAS pathway is functionally active, as shown by reduction of viral covalently closed circular DNA levels in gain-of-function studies, HBV infection suppressed cGAS expression and function in cell culture models and humanized mice. Conclusion: HBV exploits multiple strategies to evade sensing and antiviral activity of cGAS and its effector pathways.