gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of seizure precursors from depth-EEG using a sign periodogram transform (2003)

Brief bursts of focal, low amplitude rhythmic activity have been observed on depth electroencephalogram (EEG) in the minutes before electrographic onset of seizures in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. We have found these periods to contain discrete, individualized synchronized activity in patient-specific frequency bands ranging from 20 to 40 Hz. We present a method for detecting and displaying these events using a periodogram of the sign-limited temporal derivative of the EEG signal, denoted joint sign periodogram event characterization transform (JSPECT). When applied to continuous 2-6 day depth-EEG recordings from ten patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, JSPECT demonstrated that these patient-specific EEG events reliably occurred 5-80 s prior to electrical onset of seizures in five patients with focal, unilateral seizure onsets. JSPECT did not reveal this type of activity prior to seizures in five other patients with bilateral, extratemporal or more diffuse seizure onsets on EEG. Patient-specific, localized rhythmic events may play an important role in seizure generation in temporal lobe epilepsy. The JSPECT method efficiently detects these events, and may be useful as part of an automated system for predicting electrical seizure onset in appropriate patients.
Normal-state resistance fluctuations in high-Tccuprate films (1994)

We have measured 1/f resistance fluctuations at room temperature in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{x}}$ films as a function of oxygen content, x. The films were single phase, c-axis oriented and grown by pulsed organometallic-beam epitaxy on ${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$ substrates. In contrast to the monotonic increase of the film resistance with decreasing x, the normalized noise power was found to exhibit a sharp minimum at x=6.5. We attribute this behavior to vacancy creation in the Cu-O chains and discuss a simple model based on parallel conduction paths through both chains and planes.
Magnetic Resonance Probes for Tumor Imaging (2007)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive, high spatial resolution, multiplanar imaging modality that offers exquisite soft tissue contrast. Recent advances in MRI equipment (higher field strengths, optimized pulse sequences, and better coil design) have made this imaging modality a procedure of choice for evaluating many cancers. Coupled with the use of small molecule paramagnetic agents and magnetic nanoparticles, different tumor processes can now be probed. Imaging of angiogenesis, apoptosis, and specific targeting are all within the realm of experimental clinical imaging. This chapter summarizes different types of magnetic probes and their application in cancer.
Modeling the Coupling of Water Fluxes in Cathode Catalyst Layer with Adjacent Media in PEM Fuel Cells (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Population Exposure to Heavy Metals in a Contaminated Area (2006)

P-677 Introduction: The area under study is an area with large industrial activity. An environmental assessment of this area showed that land, waters, particulate matter and some fresh food were contaminated with arsenic, copper, chromium, cadmium and nickel. Results from an extensive epidemiological survey to determine population level of exposure to these chemical compounds in the study area are presented here. Methods: 1089 residents of the study area were selected for the study. Another 1081 residents of the main cities of the region were also selected for comparison. Individuals were aged 5 to 69 years old. This study was carried on during a full year, to control for the possible seasonality of exposures to the chemicals under study. In the first encounter with participants, individuals were administrated a questionnaire including items about socio-demographic characteristics, occupational exposures, previous diseases, use of pharmaceutical drugs, health behaviors and other. Eight days later, individuals were made to collect a urine sample. During the seven days in between both visits, individuals were asked to keep a daily record of their meals. The second visit was done in the eight day. The urine sample was collected, and a small questionnaire on outdoor activities, use of chemical products, and other items, was administered. Also, compliance with daily meal recording was revised and completed if needed. Results: No statistically significant differences in the urine concentrations of the chemical compounds under study were found between the two areas. Concentrations are reported as μg/gr creatinine. Average concentrations for the study area and the comparison area were: arsenic (2.09 vs 2.04), cadmium (0.63 vs 0.72) chromium (0.66 vs 0.80), cupper (13.67 vs 13.61), and nickel (2.44 vs 2.87). No significant differences were found either when the 95th percentile was used. Individual factors associated to a higher concentration of chemicals in urine were age, alcohol consumption, consumption of fresh fish, smoking, and other. Discussion and Conclusions: Results reported here could be due to: differences in environmental exposure between areas are small or not well captured by urine concentrations; exposures may not be homogeneously distributed in time or space in the study area; and, some individual characteristics may be not well assessed by the methodology used. According to the results, environmental exposures to selected chemicals in the study area are of a low magnitude and not different to those of other urban settings in the region.
High molecular weight hyaluronic acid limits astrocyte activation and scar formation after spinal cord injury (2011)

A major hurdle for regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is the ability of axons to penetrate and grow through the scar tissue. After SCI, inflammatory cells, astrocytes and meningeal cells all play a role in developing the glial scar. In addition, degradation of native high molecular weight (MW) hyaluronic acid (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix, has been shown to induce activation and proliferation of astrocytes. However, it is not known if the degradation of native HA actually enhances glial scar formation. We hypothesize that the presence of high MW HA (HA with limited degradation) after SCI will decrease glial scarring. Here, we demonstrate that high MW HA decreases cell proliferation and reduces chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) production in cultured neonatal and adult astrocytes. In addition, stiffness-matched high MW HA hydrogels crosslinked to resist degradation were implanted in a rat model of spinal dorsal hemisection injury. The numbers of immune cells (macrophages and microglia) detected at the lesion site in animals with HA hydrogel implants were significantly reduced at acute time points (one, three and ten days post-injury). Lesioned animals with HA implants also exhibited significantly lower CSPG expression at ten days post-injury. At nine weeks post-injury, animals with HA hydrogel implants exhibited a significantly decreased astrocytic response, but did not have significantly altered CSPG expression. Combined, these data suggest that high MW HA, when stabilized against degradation, mitigates astrocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. The presence of HA implants was also associated with a significant decrease in CSPG deposition at ten days after SCI. Therefore, HA-based hydrogel systems hold great potential for minimizing undesired scarring as part of future repair strategies after SCI.
Measurement of the tune-out wavelength for $^{133}$Cs at $880$ nm (2021)

We perform a measurement of the tune-out wavelength, $λ_{0}$, between the $D_{1}$, $6^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow6^2P_{1/2}$, and $D_{2}$, $6^2S_{1/2}\rightarrow6^2P_{3/2}$, transitions for $^{133}$Cs in the ground hyperfine state $(F=3, m_{F}=+3)$. At $λ_{0}$, the frequency-dependent scalar polarizability is zero leading to a zero scalar ac Stark shift. We measure the polarizability as a function of wavelength using Kapitza-Dirac scattering of a $^{133}$Cs Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional optical lattice, and determine the tune-out wavelength to be $λ_{0}=880.21790(40)_{\textrm{stat}}(8)_{\textrm{sys}}$ nm. From this measurement we determine the ratio of reduced matrix elements to be $\left|\left\right|^{2}\left|\left\right|^{2}=1.9808(2)$. This represents an improvement of a factor of 10 over previous results derived from excited-state lifetime measurements. We use the present measurement as a benchmark test of high-precision theory.
Aqueous Dispersions of Nonspherical Polyethylene Nanoparticles from Free‐Radical Polymerization under Mild Conditions (2010)

Eine radikale Idee: Die radikalische Polymerisation von Ethylen erfordert normalerweise aggressive Reaktionsbedingungen. Nun wurde die Effizienz dieser Reaktion zur Synthese stabiler wässriger Polyethylen(PE)-Dispersionen unter milden Bedingungen in Wasser untersucht (<250 bar) (siehe Bild, Dp=Partikeldurchmesser). Dispersionen aus PE-Nanopartikeln mit verschiedenen Formen (Zylinder oder Kugel) und Feststoffgehalten bis 40 % wurden hergestellt.
Cytokine Profiles of Patients Infected withMycobacterium ulceransand Unaffected Household Contacts (2002)

Mycobacterium ulcerans, the cause of Buruli ulcer, is an environmental mycobacterium with a distinct geographic distribution. The reasons why only some individuals who are exposed to M. ulcerans develop ulcers are not known but are likely to reflect individual differences in the immune response to infections with this bacterium. In this study, we investigated cytokine profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 23 Buruli ulcer patients and 25 household contacts in a region of Australia where Buruli ulcer is endemic. The results showed that following stimulation with M. ulcerans or Mycobacterium bovis BCG, PBMC from Buruli ulcer patients mounted a Th2-type response, which was manifested by the production of mRNA for interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, whereas unaffected contacts responded mainly with the Th1 cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IL-12. For example, mRNA for IL-4 was detected in 18 of 23 patients but in only 3 of 25 control subjects (P < 0.0001). By contrast, PBMC from 21 of 25 unaffected individuals produced IFN-gamma compared with 3 of 23 patients (P < 0.0001). IFN-gamma release following stimulation with mycobacteria was markedly reduced in affected subjects. Frequencies of antibodies to M. ulcerans in serum samples from affected and unaffected subjects were similar, indicating that many of the control subjects had been exposed to this bacterium. Together, these findings suggest that a Th1-type immune response to M. ulcerans may prevent the development of Buruli ulcer in people exposed to M. ulcerans, but a Th-2 response does not.
Adaptive multi-reference prediction using a symmetric framework (2017)

Google started the WebM Project in 2010 to develop open source, royalty--free video codecs designed specifically for media on the Web. Subsequently, Google jointly founded a consortium of major tech companies called the Alliance for Open Media (AOM) to develop a new codec AV1, aiming at a next edition codec that achieves at least a generational improvement in coding efficiency over VP9. This paper proposes a new coding tool as one of the many efforts devoted to AOM/AV1. In particular, we propose a second ALTREF_FRAME in the AV1 syntax, which brings the total reference frames to seven on top of the work presented in [11]. ALTREF_FRAME is a constructed, no-show reference obtained through temporal filtering of a look-ahead frame. The use of twoALTREF_FRAMEs adds further flexibility to the multi-layer, multi-reference symmetric framework, and provides a great potential for the overall Rate- Distortion (RD) performance enhancement. The experimental results have been collected over several video test sets of various resolutions and characteristics both texture- and motion-wise, which demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves a consistent coding gain, compared against the AV1 baseline as well as against the results in [11]. For instance, using overall-PSNR as the distortion metric, an average bitrate saving of 5.880% in BDRate is obtained for the CIF-level resolution set, and 4.595% on average for the VGA-level resolution set.
Plasmonic Archimedean spiral modes on concentric metal ring gratings (2016)

Plasmonic Archimedean spiral modes on concentric silver (Ag) ring gratings are investigated by FDTD simulations and theoretical analyses. These modes are generated by placing the ring grating under an Ag nanorod to extract the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of spiral surface plasmon (SSP) modes on the nanorod and transform it into the orbital motion of SP on the grating. The formation of Archimedean spiral patterns is ascribed to two factors: both the r- and θ-directional wavevectors are conserved for SSP on nanorod coupling into SP on ring grating and both the r- and θ-directional velocities of SP keep unchanged when it propagates on the ring grating. The number of strands of Archimedean spiral pattern is determined by the topological charge of SSP mode. The plasmonic Archimedean spiral modes have potential applications in the fields of data storage, dielectric microparticle manipulation, biosensing and directional switching.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Substituted‐(2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzodioxin‐5‐yl)‐piperazine. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of factor VIII inhibitors in a haemophilia A patient with an Arg593→Cys mutation using phage display (2002)

We characterized anti-factor VIII antibodies in a mild haemophilia A patient with an Arg593-->Cys mutation in the A2 domain, using V gene phage-display technology. All isolated single-chain variable-domain antibody fragments were directed against residues Arg484-Ile508, a binding site for factor VIII inhibitors in the A2 domain. After a further period of replacement therapy, a transient rise in inhibitor titre was observed. These antibodies were directed against the A2 domain. Activation of a pre-existing pool of B cells, which express antibodies against residues Arg484-Ile508, could explain the rapid anamnestic response.
Performance of turbo FDE using two-dimensional LMMSE based iterative decision-directed channel estimation for DFT-precoded OFDMA (2013)

This paper presents the average block error rate (BLER) performance for linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) based iterative decision-directed channel estimation (IDDCE) associated with the turbo frequency domain equalizer (FDE) for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-precoded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). In the proposed IDDCE, estimated channel responses, which are used for weights of feed-forward and decision feedback FDEs, are iteratively updated using an accurate 2-dimensional LMMSE algorithm at each iteration of the turbo FDE. Through computer simulations, we clarify the best window size for the 2-dimensional LMMSE algorithm assuming the 9-path Extended Typical Urban (ETU) channel model and the maximum Doppler frequency of up to approximately 220 Hz. The computer simulations show that the 2-dimensional LMMSE based IDDCE is effective in decreasing the required average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) satisfying the target average BLER for the turbo FDE in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel with low-to-high maximum Doppler frequencies and with a wide range of root mean square delay spread values.
Prophylactic Administration Of Ex VIVO Co-Stimulated Donor Lymphocyte Infusion (DLI) From Related And Unrelated Donors After Reduced Intensity Conditioning For High Risk Hematologic Malignancies (2009)

Enhancing the graft versus tumor (GvT) effect without graft versus host disease (GvHD) is critical to the success of reduced intensity (RIC) strategies for allogeneic transplantation. Despite establishing donor lymphohematopoiesis, relapse rates remain high. Standard DLI given at relapse or prophylactically to enhance donor chimerism has met with limited success in improving transplant outcomes. Co-stimulation of donor T-cells, using anti-CD3/CD28 coated beads to serve as artificial APCs, may reverse functional T cell tolerance, thereby restoring immune responsiveness and potentiate GVT. Unlike standard DLI, ex vivo co-stimulation may enhance T cell activity by removing and activating T cells outside of a tumor-induced immunosuppressive milieu. We report the preliminary results of a feasibility trial of ex vivo co-stimulated DLI from sibling and unrelated donors given ‘prophylactically’ at 4 and 6 months after RIC allogeneic transplantation for patients (pts) with high-risk hematologic malignancy. Methods: 15 pts have undergone RIC with alemtuzumab, Fludarabine,Busulfan with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) and planned activated DLI (pADLI) at 4 months (1 × 107 CD3+/kg) and 6 months (1 × 108 CD3+/kg) post-transplant in the absence of GvHD or relapse. All pts received tacrolimus and methotrexate as GvHD prophylaxis. Results: 8 pts (AML, n = 6; ALL CR1 n = 2) received grafts from HLA-identical sibling donors, 7 (AML n = 5; MDS n = 1; ALL, n = 1) from matched unrelated donors. Donor hematopoiesis was established in all patients. Of the 11 infusions given to date, there has been no infusion-related toxicity, confirming the safety and feasibility of this strategy. 8 pts have received the first of 2 planned infusions of pADLI. Of the remaining 7 pts, 4 infusions are upcoming, 1 was precluded by early relapse, and 2 were precluded by early NRRM. Of the 8 pts who received their initial pADLI#1, 3 have received a second infusion. 5 pts did not receive pADLI#2 because of relapse (n = 3), GvHD (n = 1), and transient uveitis in the absence of GvHD (n = 1). Overall incidence of acute GvHD (aGvHD) has been low; 1 pt developed aGvHD prior to pADLI#1, and 1 pt developed aGvHD after pADLI #1. No patient has developed chronic GvHD. Conclusion: Preliminary results of this trial demonstrates that RIC with PBSCT followed by ex vivo costimulated pADLI for poor prognosis hematologic malignancies is safe and feasible with potential for enhancing GvT without increasing GvHD.
Electrical Stress Effect on the Leakage Current of Metal-Induced Laterally Crystallized <I>p</I>-Channel Poly-Si TFTs (2012)

A p-type polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor (TFT) was fabricated using the metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) technique at 550 degrees C. To reduce the leakage current in the MILC TFT, electrical stress (ES), newly developed in this work, was applied prior to the I(D)-V(G) measurements. It was found that ES is effective only when the TFT is under off-state. The stress gate voltage is related to the leakage current at high gate voltages and the electric field between the source and the drain to the leakage current at low gate voltages. The leakage current of the MILC TFT could be lowered to 10(-11) A for width/length ratios of 1/2 measured at the drain voltage of 3 V. A new plausible model has been suggested to explain the ES effect on the leakage current behavior in low-temperature polycrystalline silicon TFTs.
Cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a new surrogate marker of disease evolution? (1999)

Twenty patients with active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) were examined annually for 2 years with a set of autonomic function tests (AFT) consisting of heart rate variability during deep breathing (IE), standing-up, and ratios of Valsalva manoeuvre (VR). Disease characteristics, including T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score were documented each year within 1 week of the AFT. The EDSS score, MRI load lesion and VR did not change significantly over the follow-up period. The IE and initial heart-rate on standing during the first 30 s (DeltaHRMAX) showed significant worsening during follow-up. No relationship was found between deterioration of AFT and EDSS score, number of exacerbations, duration of disease, gender, age, size and number of lesions on MRI. We conclude that patients with active relapsing remitting MS show progression of autonomic dysfunction over a relatively short time. Therefore, in the absence of changes in clinical disability or brain MRI lesion load, AFT might be useful as a sensitive surrogate outcome measure for demonstrating subclinical change in MS.
Clot Formation Is Associated With Fibrinogen and Platelet Forces in a Cohort of Severely Injured Emergency Department Trauma Patients (2015)

Heterogeneity in TEG-based clot formation in emergency department trauma patients was linked to changes in MA. Individual parameters representing fibrin polymerization, PCFs, and fibrinolysis were primarily associated with TEG MA after trauma and should be the focus of early hemostatic therapies.
Diagnostic markers that distinguish colon and ovarian adenocarcinomas: identification by genomic, proteomic, and tissue array profiling. (2003)

Colon and ovarian cancers can be difficult to distinguish in the abdomen, and the distinction is important because it determines which drugs will be used for therapy. To identify molecular markers for that differential diagnosis, we developed a multistep protocol starting with the 60 human cancer cell lines used by the National Cancer Institute to screen for new anticancer agents. The steps included: (a) identification of candidate markers using cDNA microarrays; (b) verification of clone identities by resequencing; (c) corroboration of transcript levels using Affymetrix oligonucleotide chips; (d) quantitation of protein expression by "reverse-phase" protein microarray; and (e) prospective validation of candidate markers on clinical tumor sections in tissue microarrays. The two best candidates identified were villin for colon cancer cells and moesin for ovarian cancer cells. Because moesin stained stromal elements in both types of cancer, it would probably not have been identified as a marker if we had started with mRNA or protein profiling of bulk tumors. Villin appears at least as useful as the currently used colon cancer marker cytokeratin 20, and moesin also appears to have utility. The multistep process introduced here has the potential to produce additional markers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
The mitochondrial HSP90 paralog TRAP1 forms an OXPHOS-regulated tetramer and is involved in mitochondrial metabolic homeostasis (2020)

Our work provides a roadmap for further investigations of how TRAP1 and its interactors such as the ATP synthase regulate cellular energy metabolism. Our results highlight that TRAP1 function in metabolism and cancer cannot be understood without a focus on TRAP1 tetramers as potentially the most relevant functional entity.
Bispectral index and spectral entropy fail to indicate loss of consciousness during increasing concentrations of dexmedetomidine, propofol and sevoflurane (2010)

Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Alkyl Amino and Thioether Substituted Pyrazoles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.