gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Texture formation in Ag thin films: Effect of W–Ti diffusion barriers (2008)

Pure Ag films were deposited on SiO2/Si with and without introduction of W0.7Ti0.3 barrier layers. The films were annealed in vacuum for 1 h at temperatures up to 650 °C. X-ray diffraction pole figure analysis was used to investigate the texture information in as-deposited and annealed films. After annealing, the {111} texture in Ag films increased; however, the degree of increase was significantly higher in Ag/W–Ti/SiO2. In Ag/SiO2 structures, the {200} texture also increased. In Ag/W–Ti/SiO2 structures, no significant increase in {200} texture was observed; however, {111} twin related {511} texture evolved. In as-deposited samples, {111} pole figure revealed that {111} absolute intensity was higher in Ag/SiO2 than in Ag/W–Ti/SiO2. After annealing, Ag {111} intensity was always higher in Ag/W–Ti/SiO2. Sources for the texture evolution were discussed in detail. Field emission scanning electron microscope showed the presence of twins and abnormal grain growth. After annealing at 650 °C, both the roughness and resistivity of Ag increased significantly.
File 2 MedB-1 Data from Dynamic Mathematical Modeling of IL13-Induced Signaling in Hodgkin and Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma Allows Prediction of Therapeutic Targets (2023)

File 2 MedB-1 Data from Dynamic Mathematical Modeling of IL13-Induced Signaling in Hodgkin and Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma Allows Prediction of Therapeutic Targets
Relation among absorbance shifts, mineralization morphology, and electronic conductivity of π-peptide aggregates with different amino acid residues (2023)

Three conceivably unrelated observations on peptide assemblies; absorbances, morphologies, and conductivities are interrelated. An alanine methyl group was sufficient to alter all three observations, a steric effect from a small perturbation.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR THIRD VENTRICULAR COLLOID CYSTS (2007)

Compared with transcallosal craniotomy, neuroendoscopy is a safe and effective approach for removal of colloid cysts in the third ventricle. The endoscope can be considered a first-line treatment for these lesions, with the understanding that a small number of these patients may need an open craniotomy to remove residual cysts.
The integration of modulators and multiplexers on silica planar lightwave circuits for WDM-PON (2005)

An integrated optical device comprising two arrayed waveguide gratings and an electrooptically-clad silica waveguide modulator array is shown to provide multiple modulated optical signals from a single broadband optical source. (2 pages)
Contact Activation by Pathogenic Bacteria: A Virulence Mechanism Contributing to the Pathophysiology of Sepsis (2003)

Activation of the so-called contact system has 2 major consequences; initiation of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the release of bradykinin, a highly potent proinflammatory peptide inducing vascular permeability and capillary leakage. Several significant human pathogens have the ability to activate the contact system, and the potential significance of this mechanism in bacterial virulence, including its role in sepsis, is discussed in this review.
Calibration of cryogenic amplification chains using normal-metal–insulator–superconductor junctions (2019)

Various applications of quantum devices call for an accurate calibration of cryogenic amplification chains. To this end, we present an experimentally feasible calibration scheme and use it to accurately measure the total gain and noise temperature of an amplification chain by employing normal-metal–insulator–superconductor (NIS) junctions. Our method is based on the radiation emitted by inelastic electron tunneling across voltage-biased NIS junctions. We derive an analytical expression that relates the generated power to the applied bias voltage which is the only control parameter of the device. After the setup has been characterized using a standard voltage reflection measurement, the total gain and the noise temperature are extracted by fitting the analytical expression to the microwave power measured at the output of the amplification chain. The 1σ uncertainty of the total gain of 51.84 dB appears to be of the order of 0.10 dB.
Gut Hypersensitivity Related Symptoms (2013)

It is nearly 40 years since the epiphenomenon of visceral hypersensitivity was first described. Since then, considerable advances have been made in elucidating the peripheral and central mechanisms that underlie this observation. The identification of these mechanisms has facilitated the development of a number of therapeutic agents that may have efficacy in the treatment of visceral pain, a central feature of irritable bowel syndrome. This chapter provides a succinct, yet comprehensive, review of the pathophysiological mechanisms that have been proposed to account for visceral hypersensitivity. In addition, we review the evidence base for treatments currently used specifically for the management of visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome.
σ-Hole Interactions Involving a Group 7 Metal: Close Contacts in Neutral and Anionic Rhenium Derivatives (2022)

Some cases of close contacts involving rhenium of perrhenate esters are presented and investigated computationally. The structures and calculated interaction energies confirm the attractiveness of these contacts, which display geometries typical of σ-hole interactions. The short Re···O contacts observed in three crystalline perrhenate salts confirm the general ability of rhenium compounds, both neutral and ionic, to form such interactions.
Animation and control of breaking waves (2004)

Controlling fluids is still an open and challenging problem in fluid animation. In this paper we develop a novel fluid animation control approach and we present its application to controlling breaking waves. In our <i>Slice Method</i> framework an animator defines the shape of a breaking wave at a desired moment in its evolution based on a library of breaking waves. Our system computes then the subsequent dynamics with the aid of a 3D Navier-Stokes solver. The wave dynamics previous to the moment the animator exerts control can also be generated based on the wave library. The animator is thus enabled to obtain a full animation of a breaking wave while controlling the shape and the timing of the breaking. An additional advantage of the method is that it provides a significantly faster method for obtaining the full 3D breaking wave evolution compared to starting the simulation at an early stage and using solely the 3D Navier-Stokes equations. We present a series of 2D and 3D breaking wave animations to demonstrate the power of the method.
In Vivo Knee Contact Force Prediction Using Patient-Specific Musculoskeletal Geometry in a Segment-Based Computational Model (2015)

Segment-based musculoskeletal models allow the prediction of muscle, ligament, and joint forces without making assumptions regarding joint degrees-of-freedom (DOF). The dataset published for the "Grand Challenge Competition to Predict in vivo Knee Loads" provides directly measured tibiofemoral contact forces for activities of daily living (ADL). For the Sixth Grand Challenge Competition to Predict in vivo Knee Loads, blinded results for "smooth" and "bouncy" gait trials were predicted using a customized patient-specific musculoskeletal model. For an unblinded comparison, the following modifications were made to improve the predictions: further customizations, including modifications to the knee center of rotation; reductions to the maximum allowable muscle forces to represent known loss of strength in knee arthroplasty patients; and a kinematic constraint to the hip joint to address the sensitivity of the segment-based approach to motion tracking artifact. For validation, the improved model was applied to normal gait, squat, and sit-to-stand for three subjects. Comparisons of the predictions with measured contact forces showed that segment-based musculoskeletal models using patient-specific input data can estimate tibiofemoral contact forces with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.48-0.65 times body weight (BW) for normal gait trials. Comparisons between measured and predicted tibiofemoral contact forces yielded an average coefficient of determination of 0.81 and RMSEs of 0.46-1.01 times BW for squatting and 0.70-0.99 times BW for sit-to-stand tasks. This is comparable to the best validations in the literature using alternative models.
Origin of the “up,” “down” hysteresis offsets observed from polarization-graded ferroelectric materials (2001)

“Up” and “down” hysteresis offsets were observed in polarization-graded ferroelectrics. The polarization gradients were achieved by imposing temperature gradients across a bulk ferroelectric material near its Curie temperature. In the absence of temperature gradients, no hysteresis offsets were observed, ruling out extraneous sources as the cause of the aberrant behavior, thereby establishing the origin of the offsets in the class of polarization-graded ferroelectric devices.
Three-dimensionally stacked flexible integrated circuit: Amorphous oxide/polymer hybrid complementary inverter using n-type a-In–Ga–Zn–O and p-type poly-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) thin-film transistors (2010)

A three-dimensional vertically-stacked flexible integrated circuit is demonstrated based on hybrid complementary inverters made of n-type In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) amorphous oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) and p-type poly-(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) polymer TFTs, where all the fabrication processes were performed at temperatures ≤120 °C. Saturation mobilities of the a-IGZO TFT and the F8T2 TFT are ∼3.2 and ∼1.7×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, from which we chose the appropriate dimensions of the TFTs so as to obtain a good balance for the inverter operation. The maximum voltage gain is ∼67, which is better than those reported for organic/oxide hybrid complementary inverters.
Probing the Local Nanoscale Heating Mechanism of a Magnetic Core in Mesoporous Silica Drug-Delivery Nanoparticles Using Fluorescence Depolarization (2020)

In the presence of an alternating magnetic field (AMF), a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) generates heat. Understanding the local heating mechanism of a SPION in suspension and in a mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) will advance the design of hyperthermia-based nanotheranostics and AMF-stimulated drug delivery in biomedical applications. The AMF-induced heating of single-domain SPION can be explained by the Néel relaxation (reorientation of the magnetization) or the Brownian relaxation (motion of the particle). The latter is investigated using fluorescence depolarization based on detecting the mobility-dependent polarization anisotropy (<i>r</i>) of two luminescence emission bands at different wavelengths corresponded to the europium-doped luminescent SPION (EuSPION) core and the silica-based intrinsically emitting shell of the core-shell MSN. The fluorescence depolarization experiments are carried out with both the free and the silica-encapsulated SPION nanoparticles with and without application of the AMF. The <i>r</i> value of a EuSPION core-mesoporous silica shell in the presence of the AMF does not change, indicating that no additional rotational motion of the core-shell nanoparticles is induced by the AMF, disproving the contribution of Brownian heating and thus supporting Néel relaxation as the dominant heating mechanism.
Quantitative imaging biomarkers: A review of statistical methods for technical performance assessment (2014)

Technological developments and greater rigor in the quantitative measurement of biological features in medical images have given rise to an increased interest in using quantitative imaging biomarkers to measure changes in these features. Critical to the performance of a quantitative imaging biomarker in preclinical or clinical settings are three primary metrology areas of interest: measurement linearity and bias, repeatability, and the ability to consistently reproduce equivalent results when conditions change, as would be expected in any clinical trial. Unfortunately, performance studies to date differ greatly in designs, analysis method, and metrics used to assess a quantitative imaging biomarker for clinical use. It is therefore difficult or not possible to integrate results from different studies or to use reported results to design studies. The Radiological Society of North America and the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance with technical, radiological, and statistical experts developed a set of technical performance analysis methods, metrics, and study designs that provide terminology, metrics, and methods consistent with widely accepted metrological standards. This document provides a consistent framework for the conduct and evaluation of quantitative imaging biomarker performance studies so that results from multiple studies can be compared, contrasted, or combined.
Pathogenesis and transmission of swine origin A(H3N2)v influenza viruses in ferrets (2012)

Recent isolation of a novel swine-origin influenza A H3N2 variant virus [A(H3N2)v] from humans in the United States has raised concern over the pandemic potential of these viruses. Here, we analyzed the virulence, transmissibility, and receptor-binding preference of four A(H3N2)v influenza viruses isolated from humans in 2009, 2010, and 2011. High titers of infectious virus were detected in nasal turbinates and nasal wash samples of A(H3N2)v-inoculated ferrets. All four A(H3N2)v viruses possessed the capacity to spread efficiently between cohoused ferrets, and the 2010 and 2011 A(H3N2)v isolates transmitted efficiently to naïve ferrets by respiratory droplets. A dose-dependent glycan array analysis of A(H3N2)v showed a predominant binding to α2-6-sialylated glycans, similar to human-adapted influenza A viruses. We further tested the viral replication efficiency of A(H3N2)v viruses in a relevant cell line, Calu-3, derived from human bronchial epithelium. The A(H3N2)v viruses replicated in Calu-3 cells to significantly higher titers compared with five common seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses. These findings suggest that A(H3N2)v viruses have the capacity for efficient replication and transmission in mammals and underscore the need for continued public health surveillance.
Production of exoenzyme S by clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1981)

Exoenzyme S differs from toxin A and diphtheria toxin in that it does not adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylate elongation factor-2, but rather catalyzes the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to a number of different proteins in extracts of eucaryotic cells. Polyoma-transformed BHK-21 cells were isolated which were resistant to diphtheria toxin and toxin A. Extracts from these cells are ADP-ribosylated by exoenzyme S but not toxin A or diphtheria toxin, providing an assay which distinguishes between S and A activities. A total of 124 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were analyzed for production of toxin A and exoenzyme S. Exoenzyme S production was detected in 38% of the strains, whereas 80% of the strains produced toxin A.
Mapping epitopes of monoclonal antibodies against HIV‐1 integrase with limited proteolysis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2000)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been used extensively in the biochemical analysis of proteins. Molecular identification of a specific epitope can enhance our understanding of the relationship between the structure and function of a protein. We recently developed a protein footprint technique for mapping mAb epitopes that employs limited proteolysis followed by peptide analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Here we describe the rational for the technique and illustrate its use in mapping the epitopes of two mAbs that bind to the C-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 integrase. The results provide a plausible explanation for the fact that one mAb inhibits enzyme activity while the second does not. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 55: 308–318, 2000
Structure of the Fab Fragment of SDZ CHI621: a Chimeric Antibody Against CD25 (1996)

A specific drug targeted to the IL-2 receptor on activated T lymphocytes could limit acute immunological rejection during organ transplantation. A high-affinity monoclonal antibody directed against the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor (CD25) was chimerized with the constant regions of the human IgG1 heavy and k light chain resulting in SDZ CHII621 [Amlot, Rawlings, Fernando, Griffin, Heinrich, Schreier, Castaigne, Moore & Sweny (1995). Transplantation, 60, 748-756]. The Fab fragment of SDZ CHI621 has been purified and crystallized (P2(l), a = 39.58, b = 59.76, c = 102.09 A, beta = 99.98 degrees ). Its structure has been determined by molecular replacement and refined at 2.6 A to a crystallographic R factor of 19.7%. The protein exhibits the typical immunoglobulin fold. The complementary determining regions (CDR's) 1 and 2 of both heavy and light chains show similar conformations to other known reported structures whereas the CDR3 from the light chain seems to adopt a novel type of conformation. There is a network of interactions which maintain the CDR3 of both chains together and limit their solvent accessibility. The interaction between V(L) and C(L) has been strengthened by the chimerization whereas that between V(H) and C(H)1 has been weakened.
Spatial cross-correlation of optical probes for measurement of horizontal bubble diameters, validated in bubble colums up to 1 m (2016)

International audience
THE NON-EQUILIBRIUM DIFFUSION EQUATION (1965)

diffusion problems. Recently Shadid and coauthors have looked at implicit and semi-implicit solution of reaction-diffusion systems. In general they have found that fully implicit is the most accurate method for difficult coupled nonlinear equations. In previous work, they have demonstrated that a method of lines approach coupled with a BDF time integrator and a Newton-Krylov nonlinear solver could efficiently and accurately solve a large-scale, implicit radiation diffusion problem. In this paper, they extend that work to include an additional heating term in the material energy equation and an equation to model the evolution of the reactive fuel density. This system now consists of three coupled equations for radiation energy, material energy, and fuel density. The radiation energy equation includes diffusion and energy exchange with material energy. The material energy equation includes reaction heating and exchange with radiation energy, and the fuel density equation includes its depletion due to the fuel consumption.
Decision trees for entity identification (2011)

We consider the problem of constructing decision trees for entity identification from a given relational table. The input is a table containing information about a set of entities over a fixed set of attributes and a probability distribution over the set of entities that specifies the likelihood of the occurrence of each entity. The goal is to construct a decision tree that identifies each entity unambiguously by testing the attribute values such that the average number of tests is minimized. This classical problem finds such diverse applications as efficient fault detection, species identification in biology, and efficient diagnosis in the field of medicine. Prior work mainly deals with the special case where the input table is binary and the probability distribution over the set of entities is uniform. We study the general problem involving arbitrary input tables and arbitrary probability distributions over the set of entities. We consider a natural greedy algorithm and prove an approximation guarantee of O ( r K ⋅ log N ), where N is the number of entities and K is the maximum number of distinct values of an attribute. The value r K is a suitably defined Ramsey number, which is at most log K . We show that it is NP-hard to approximate the problem within a factor of Ω(log N ), even for binary tables (i.e., K =2). Thus, for the case of binary tables, our approximation algorithm is optimal up to constant factors (since r 2 =2). In addition, our analysis indicates a possible way of resolving a Ramsey-theoretic conjecture by Erdös.
Ethnic disparities in medication adherence? A systematic review examining the association between ethnicity and antidiabetic medication adherence (2022)

Abstract Objectives Adherence to prescribed medication is an essential component of diabetes management to obtain optimal outcomes. Understanding the relationship between medication adherence and ethnicity is key in optimising treatment for all people with different chronic illnesses, including those with diabetes. The aim of this review is to examine whether the adherence to antidiabetic medications differed by ethnicity among people with diabetes. Methods A systematic review was conducted of studies reporting adherence to antidiabetic medication amongst people from different ethnic groups. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched from their inception to June 2021 for quantitative studies with a specific focus on studies assessing adherence to antidiabetic medications (PROSPERO: CRD42021278392). The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist and a second checklist designed for studies using retrospective databases were used to assess study quality. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the results based on the medication adherence measures. Results Of 15,685 citations screened, 39 studies that included observational retrospective database research and cross-sectional studies were selected, each of which involved diverse ethnic groups from different settings. This review identified a difference in the adherence to antidiabetic medications by ethnicity in 37 studies, despite adjustment for several confounding variables that may otherwise explain these differences. Conclusion This review revealed that adherence to antidiabetic medication differed by ethnicity. Further research is needed to explore the ethnicity-related factors that may provide an explanation for these disparities.
Holograms without Headsets (2017)

The RoomAlive Toolkit is an open source SDK that enables developers to create interactive projection mapping applications. The toolkit includes tools to calibrate a network of multiple Kinect sensors and video projectors. It also provides a simple projection mapping sample and Unity3D integration that can be used to develop new immersive augmented reality experiences similar to those of the IllumiRoom [2] and RoomAlive [3] research projects. We demonstrate a RoomAlive installation using three projectors and four cameras.
Carotid artery stenting with emboli protection surveillance study: Thirty‐day results of the CASES‐PMS study (2007)

Utilizing a comprehensive training program, carotid artery stenting by operators with differing experience in a variety of practice settings yielded safety and efficacy outcomes similar to those reported in the SAPPHIRE trial.
Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Templated Photochemical Synthesis and in situ Assembly of Au Nanodots to Orderly Patterned Au Nanodot Chains (2010)

A novel photochemical method for the synthesis of fluorescent Au nanodots (size ≈1.2nm) is proposed (see image). The results clearly demonstrate that reduced graphene oxide sheets modified with functional organic molecules can be used as templates for the synthesis and in situ assembly of metal nanostructures, thus opening up new possibilities for future graphene-based chemical synthesis. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.