gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unique venom proteins from Solenopsis invicta x Solenopsis richteri hybrid fire ants (2021)

The Solenopsis venom protein 2 transcript was amplified, sequenced, probed, and analyzed from <i>Solenopsis invicta</i> x <i>Solenopsis richteri</i> hybrid ant colonies (hybrids) collected from across Tennessee to determine the extent of introgression of each parent allele (<i>Solenopsis invicta</i> venom protein 2 [Soli2] and Solenopsis richteri venom protein 2 [Solr2]). Chemotaxonomic analyses of venom alkaloids and cuticular hydrocarbons were used to categorize hybrid colonies and their relative relatedness to each parent species. Hybrid colonies were chosen randomly from each chemotaxonomic hybridization category, including "very near <i>S. richteri</i>," "near <i>S. richteri</i>," "near <i>S. invicta</i>," and "very near <i>S. invicta</i>." Lateral flow immunoassays for detection of the Soli2 and Solr2 venom proteins were largely in agreement with the chemotaxonomic analyses for the very near <i>S. richteri</i> (100% Solr2) and very near <i>S. invicta</i> (80% Soli2, 20% Soli2 + Solr2 detected in the sample) groups, while Soli2 and Solr2 were reported in 60% and 40% in the near <i>S. invicta</i> and near <i>S. richteri</i> chemotaxonomic groups. Analysis of transcripts from the hybrid colonies revealed a sequence with 100% identity to Soli2 (GenBank Accession L09560) and three unique sequences, which we identify as Solenopsis hybrid venom protein 2 (Solh2; GenBank Accession MT150127), Solenopsis hybrid truncated venom protein 2 (Solh2<sup>Tr97</sup>; Genbank Accession MT150129), and Solenopsis richteri venom protein 2, D to A change at position 69 (Solr2<sup>A69</sup>; GenBank Accession MT150128). The predicted open reading frame for Solh2 and Solh2<sup>Tr97</sup> revealed sequences unique to hybrid ants, with Solh2<sup>Tr97</sup>an alternatively spliced form. A third unique sequence, Solr2<sup>A69</sup>, is likely the correct sequence for Solr2, which appears to have been published previously with a sequencing error (GenBank Accession P35776).
Single-Measurement Excitation/Emission Matrix Spectrofluorometer for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Ocean Water. 2. Calibration and Quantitation of Naphthalene and Styrene (1996)

An excitation/emission matrix imaging spectrofluorometer was employed for quantitation of two fluorescent compounds, naphthalene and styrene, contained in ocean water exposed to gasoline. Multidimensional parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis models were used to resolve the naphthalene and styrene fluorescence spectra from a complex background signal and overlapping spectral interferents not included in the calibration set. Linearity was demonstrated over 2 orders of magnitude for determination of naphthalene with a detection limit of 8 parts per billion. Similarly, nearly 2 orders of magnitude of linearity was demonstrated in the determination of styrene with an 11 ppb limit of detection. Furthermore, the synthesis of the EEM spectrofluorometer and the PARAFAC analysis for unbiased prediction of naphthalene and styrene concentration in mixture samples containing uncalibrated spectral interferents was demonstrated.
Control of Gelation and Network Properties of Cationically Copolymerized Mono- and Diglycidyl Ethers (2018)

The development of low temperature curing systems has become a major objective in thermoset technologies for both environmental and economic reasons. The use of protic and chelating additives have recently been underlined for the control of the cationic ring-opening polymerization of epoxies, a curing mode that is very efficient at temperatures close from the ambient but that can easily runaway. In this paper, we propose to use this strategy to control the kinetics of the cationic copolymerization of a diepoxy monomer (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, DGEBA) with a monoepoxy monomer (phenyl glycidyl ether, PGE). The purpose of the study is to tune the cross-link density (νe) in order to control the mechanical properties of the materials. The sol–gel transition was first investigated in details at several frequencies by using the Fourier transform mechanical spectroscopy method (FTMS). We found that the gel time (tgel) and the critical conversion (αgel) can be controlled to a great extent by promoting transfers and complexing cationic species involved in the polymerization mechanism. The FTMS method also gives some insight into the structure of the polymer clusters at the sol–gel transition. The results indicate that the various additives used to control the transition have mostly no influence on the clusters’ structure. The properties of the fully cured networks were then investigated via swelling and dynamic mechanical measurements. Both methods indicate that νe is strongly influenced by the cross-linker content (DGEBA) but also by the additive used to control the curing kinetics. Interestingly, the measurement of the tensile properties at large deformations demonstrates that the resulting system offers a series of materials with a wide range of mechanical properties.
Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty (2013)

Socioeconomic factors, in particular low income, are more strongly associated with satisfaction and functional outcomes in young patients after TKA than demographic or implant factors. Future studies should be directed to determining the causes of this association, and studies of clinical results after TKA should consider stratifying patients by socioeconomic status.
Plasma induced damage mitigation in spin-on self-assembly based ultra low-k dielectrics using template residues (2017)

This paper describes an approach for the reduction of plasma-induced damage in self-assembly based porous ultra low-k organosilica dielectrics. The concept is based on retention of the partially decomposed sacrificial organic phase (template) into the pores of the low-k film during plasma exposure. The amount of the template residues can be controlled by varying the hard-bake process time. It is shown that those residues are uniformly distributed throughout the film in the form of pore wall coatings. After plasma processing, the remaining residues are removed by means of a UV cure. Plasma damage to the underlying organosilica matrix was assessed by exposure of the differently hard-baked low-k films to fluorine-rich Ar/SF6 plasma. The thickest coating, estimated to be around 0.4 nm, enables a nearly damage-free etch process without any carbon depletion or k-value degradation along with limited shrinkage induced by post-etch UV-curing (&amp;lt;4.5%). These results highlight the efficiency of a simple and scalable route for damage-free integration of highly porous self-assembly based low-k dielectrics.
Assignment of the oxidation states of Zr and Co in a highly reactive heterobimetallic Zr/Co complex using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) (2014)

The reduced heterobimetallic complex (THF)Zr(MesNP(i)Pr2)3CoN2 (1) has been examined along with a series of structurally similar reference compounds using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Complex 1 has been shown to be highly reactive, often via one-electron pathways that might be expected for a d(1) Zr(III) complex. However, the presence of two strongly interacting metals in complex 1 renders the assignment of oxidation states ambiguous. Both Zr and Co K-edge XANES spectra reveal that the most accurate description of complex 1 is that of a Zr(IV)/Co(-I) zwitterion. Electronic structure calculations support this assignment.
Instability after total knee arthroplasty. (2008)

Instability after total knee arthroplasty is reported to result in implant failure, and substantial instability often requires revision surgery. Successful outcomes can be achieved after revision total knee arthroplasty, particularly if the etiology of the instability is identified before the revision procedure. After careful clinical and radiologic analysis, instability can be classified as extension instability, flexion instability, or genu recurvatum. It is important to understand the causes and recommended treatments of each type of instability.
Performance of in-pixel circuits for photon counting arrays (PCAs) based on polycrystalline silicon TFTs (2016)

Photon counting arrays (PCAs), defined as pixelated imagers which measure the absorbed energy of x-ray photons individually and record this information digitally, are of increasing clinical interest. A number of PCA prototypes with a 1 mm pixel-to-pixel pitch have recently been fabricated with polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si)-a thin-film technology capable of creating monolithic imagers of a size commensurate with human anatomy. In this study, analog and digital simulation frameworks were developed to provide insight into the influence of individual poly-Si transistors on pixel circuit performance-information that is not readily available through empirical means. The simulation frameworks were used to characterize the circuit designs employed in the prototypes. The analog framework, which determines the noise produced by individual transistors, was used to estimate energy resolution, as well as to identify which transistors contribute the most noise. The digital framework, which analyzes how well circuits function in the presence of significant variations in transistor properties, was used to estimate how fast a circuit can produce an output (referred to as output count rate). In addition, an algorithm was developed and used to estimate the minimum pixel pitch that could be achieved for the pixel circuits of the current prototypes. The simulation frameworks predict that the analog component of the PCA prototypes could have energy resolution as low as 8.9% full width at half maximum (FWHM) at 70 keV; and the digital components should work well even in the presence of significant thin-film transistor (TFT) variations, with the fastest component having output count rates as high as 3 MHz. Finally, based on conceivable improvements in the underlying fabrication process, the algorithm predicts that the 1 mm pitch of the current PCA prototypes could be reduced significantly, potentially to between ~240 and 290 μm.
Ergosterol Content of Salt-Marsh Fungi: Effect of Growth Conditions and Mycelial Age (1987)

Species of the ascomycetc genera Phaeosphaeria, Leptosphaeria, and Buergenerula from the Spartina alterniflora decomposition system were analyzed for ergosterol content of their mycelium. Bacterial and algal members of the system were also tested. A standard laboratory liquid medium, a complex, semi-natural liquid medium, and a semi-natural solid medium were used to grow the microorganisms. Ergosterol contents of fungal mycelium ranged from 1.9-2.5 mg·g-1 dry organic mass in the standard medium, and were 3.4-16.4 mg·g 1 in the semi-natural liquid medium. For any single growth medium, ergosterol content of mycelium was less variable with mycelial age than has been previously found for glucosamine. For Leptosphaeria obiones, ergosterol content in solid medium was estimated to be similar to that in semi-natural liquid, but for Phaeosphaeria typharum, solid medium yielded much higher (X5) ergosterol estimates, possibly due to underestimated mycelial mass. Partial mycelial autolysis led to low estimates of ergosterol content (1.1 mg·g-1 dry organic). Bacteria had negligible ergosterol contents, but there was evidence that green-microalgal ergosterol content might not be negligible in some decomposition systems.
Poly-dipeptides encoded by the C9orf72 repeats bind nucleoli, impede RNA biogenesis, and kill cells (2014)

Many RNA regulatory proteins controlling pre-messenger RNA splicing contain serine:arginine (SR) repeats. Here, we found that these SR domains bound hydrogel droplets composed of fibrous polymers of the low-complexity domain of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNPA2). Hydrogel binding was reversed upon phosphorylation of the SR domain by CDC2-like kinases 1 and 2 (CLK1/2). Mutated variants of the SR domains changing serine to glycine (SR-to-GR variants) also bound to hnRNPA2 hydrogels but were not affected by CLK1/2. When expressed in mammalian cells, these variants bound nucleoli. The translation products of the sense and antisense transcripts of the expansion repeats associated with the C9orf72 gene altered in neurodegenerative disease encode GRn and PRn repeat polypeptides. Both peptides bound to hnRNPA2 hydrogels independent of CLK1/2 activity. When applied to cultured cells, both peptides entered cells, migrated to the nucleus, bound nucleoli, and poisoned RNA biogenesis, which caused cell death.
Improved stator design for an ultra-high speed spinning ball motor (2016)

The ongoing miniaturization trend of electric machines increases the demand for higher rotational speeds to provide a required power level at decreased size. The goal of this project is to push the limits of rotor miniaturization by researching new concepts for bearingless machines with ultra-high rotational speeds exceeding 25 million rotations per minute (Mrpm). Using a simple machine stator consisting of air coils limits the achievable rotor torque, which results in acceleration times of several hours until the aforementioned rotational speeds are reached. This study outlines the torque generation mechanisms of the machine and investigates the stator losses, from which improved stator designs, based on a ferrite core, are derived. The latter significantly increase the motor torque at decreased losses and facilitate fast acceleration of the rotor.
Assessment of transcriptional reprogramming of lettuce roots in response to chitin soil amendment (2023)

Chitin soil amendment is known to improve soil quality, plant growth and stress resilience, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we monitored chitin's effect on lettuce physiology every two weeks through an eight-week growth period, analyzed the early transcriptional reprogramming and related metabolomic changes of lettuce, in response to crab chitin treatment in peat-based potting soil. In commercial growth conditions, chitin amendment still promoted lettuce growth, increased chlorophyll content, the number of leaves and crop head weight from week six. The flavonoid content in lettuce leaves was altered as well, showing an increase at week two but a decrease from week six. Transcriptomic analysis showed that over 300 genes in lettuce root were significantly differentially expressed after chitin soil treatment. Gene Ontology-term (GO) enrichment analysis revealed statistical overrepresentation of GO terms linked to photosynthesis, pigment metabolic process and phenylpropanoid metabolic process. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the flavonoid pathway was mostly upregulated whereas the bifurcation of upstream phenylpropanoid pathway towards lignin biosynthesis was mostly downregulated. Metabolomic analysis revealed the upregulation of salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and <i>p</i>-coumaric acid in chitin-treated lettuce seedlings. These phenolic compounds (PCs) mainly influence the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and may play important roles in plant defense reactions. Our results suggest that chitin soil amendments might activate induced resistance by priming lettuce plants and promote lettuce growth <i>via</i> transcriptional changes.
UspA2 is a cross-protective Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine antigen (2021)

Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) is a key pathogen associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults and playing a significant role in otitis media in children. A vaccine would help to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases. UspA2 is an Mcat surface antigen considered earlier as vaccine candidate before the interest in this molecule vanished due to sequence variability. However, the observation that some conserved domains are the target of bactericidal antibodies prompted us to reconsider UspA2 as a potential vaccine antigen. We first determined its prevalence among the COPD patients from the AERIS study, as the prevalence of UspA2 in a COPD-restricted population had yet to be documented. The gene was found in all Mcat isolates either as UspA2 or UspA2H variant. The percentage of UspA2H variant was higher than in any report so far, reaching 51%. A potential link between the role of UspA2H in biofilm formation and this high prevalence is discussed. To study further UspA2 as a vaccine antigen, recombinant UspA2 molecules were designed and used in animal models and bactericidal assays. We showed that UspA2 is immunogenic and that UspA2 immunization clears Mcat pulmonary challenge in a mouse model. In a serum bactericidal assay, anti-UspA2 antibodies generated in mice, guinea pigs or rabbits were able to kill Mcat strains of various origins, including a subset of isolates from the AERIS study, cross-reacting with UspA2H and even UspA1, a closely related Mcat surface protein. In conclusion, UspA2 is a cross-reactive Mcat antigen presenting the characteristics of a vaccine candidate.
Content-aware multiple access protocol for cooperative packet speech communications (2009)

A novel cooperative multiple access protocol for packet speech communications is proposed, where cooperation is achieved through the deployment of a relay node that exploits the silence periods typical of speech communications. The relay forwards speech packets for active calls using a subset of the free time slots left available by users that are silent. No new channel resources are needed for cooperation and the system encounters no bandwidth losses. Because the resources allocated to the relay are not drawn from the pool of reused resources but from those potentially used for random channel access. Thus, the use of cooperation introduces a tradeoff between the amount of help offered to active calls and the probability of a successful contention for channel access. Such cooperation tradeoff is investigated and guidelines for the choice of protocol parameters are developed. The throughput and delay performance of the proposed protocol are characterized and compared to a similar non-cooperative packet speech protocol. Results demonstrate significant gains achieved by the proposed cooperative protocol. Moreover, the speech quality under the cooperative protocol was measured using a perceptual model, and results reveal significant improvement over the non-cooperative protocol especially in the low signal-to-noise ratio regime.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Metathesis Catalysis in Ionic Liquids with Ruthenium Allenylidene Salts. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fish-hunting cone snail venoms are a rich source of minimized ligands of the vertebrate insulin receptor (2019)

The fish-hunting marine cone snail <i>Conus geographus</i> uses a specialized venom insulin to induce hypoglycemic shock in its prey. We recently showed that this venom insulin, Con-Ins G1, has unique characteristics relevant to the design of new insulin therapeutics. Here, we show that fish-hunting cone snails provide a rich source of minimized ligands of the vertebrate insulin receptor. Insulins from <i>C. geographus</i>, <i>Conus tulipa</i> and <i>Conus kinoshitai</i> exhibit diverse sequences, yet all bind to and activate the human insulin receptor. Molecular dynamics reveal unique modes of action that are distinct from any other insulins known in nature. When tested in zebrafish and mice, venom insulins significantly lower blood glucose in the streptozotocin-induced model of diabetes. Our findings suggest that cone snails have evolved diverse strategies to activate the vertebrate insulin receptor and provide unique insight into the design of novel drugs for the treatment of diabetes.
Sub-milliampere-threshold continuous wave operation of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with lateral optical confinement by curved mirror (2019)

The continuous wave operation of a gallium-nitride-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (GaN-based VCSEL) that uses boron ion implantation for lateral current confinement and a curved mirror for lateral optical confinement was investigated. The threshold current was 0.25 mA (Jth = 3.5 kA cm−2) for a 3 μm diameter current aperture at room temperature and the lasing wavelength was 445.3 nm. This is the lowest threshold current recorded for a GaN-based VCSEL. This result is considered to be a milestone for the further miniaturization of GaN-based VCSELs by the implementation of lateral optical confinement due to the incorporation of a curved mirror.
Spin-orbit torque and spin pumping in YIG/Pt with interfacial insertion layers (2018)

We experimentally investigate spin-orbit torque and spin pumping in Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Pt bilayers with ultrathin insertion layers at the interface. An insertion layer of Cu suppresses both spin-orbit torque and spin pumping, whereas an insertion layer of Ni80Fe20 (permalloy, Py) enhances them in a quantitatively consistent manner with the reciprocity of the two spin transmission processes. However, we observe a large enhancement of Gilbert damping with the insertion of Py that cannot be accounted for solely by spin pumping, suggesting significant spin-memory loss due to the interfacial magnetic layer. Our findings indicate that the magnetization at the YIG-metal interface strongly influences the transmission and depolarization of pure spin current.
Photocrosslinkable polysaccharides based on chondroitin sulfate (2003)

Photopolymerizing hydrogels have demonstrated potential for use as a scaffold in numerous tissue-engineering applications. The majority of photopolymerizing hydrogels are made from purely synthetic polymers. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and characterize photopolymerizing hydrogels derived from the biopolymer chondroitin sulfate in order to enhance the bioactivity of the scaffold and potentially improve tissue regeneration. Methacrylate groups were added to chondroitin sulfate, a major component of cartilage, using glycidyl methacrylate. The gels exhibited viscoelastic behavior typical of hydrogels. Cogels based on chondroitin sulfate and poly(ethylene glycol) demonstrated increasing pore size with increasing concentration of chondroitin sulfate as determined by water content, mechanical strength, and morphology using scanning electron microscopy. The chondroitin sulfate hydrogels degraded specifically in the presence of the enzyme chondroitinase. Chondrocytes remained viable after photoencapsulation and incubation in the biogels, suggesting their possible use for cartilage tissue engineering.
Testing and Analysis Correlation of Composite Sandwich Longitudinal Bonded Joints for Space Launch Vehicle Structures (2019)

The NASA Composite Technology for Exploration (CTE) Project has been developing and demonstrating critical composite technologies with a focus on joints; incorporating materials, design/analysis, manufacturing, and tests that utilize NASA expertise and capabilities. The CTE project has focused on the development of composite longitudinal bonded joint technologies for conical structures such as the SLS Payload Attach Fitting (PAF) due to challenging joint geometries and loads compared to cylindrical jointed structures. The CTE team selected and designed a double-lap composite bonded joint as the most advantageous longitudinal joint to advance for the CTE project. This paper reports on the longitudinal bonded joint sub-element test articles that were fabricated and tested for several loading conditions to test the capability of the bonded joint design. Test and analysis correlation to the sub-element test articles are presented in the paper.