gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-Pot Electrochemical Exfoliation and Functionalization of Graphene Sheets (2016)

Graphene is currently attracting a lot of interest because of their potential applications in several different fields. Various approaches are being developed to prepare it at large-scale, by green method and cost-effectively. To this end, graphene sheets can be prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in aqueous electrolyte. In this work, graphene was produced by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in acidic and neutral electrolytes. With this procedure, graphene sheets with low oxygen content are produced. Graphene sheets were also functionalized during the electrochemical exfoliation process by using appropriate reagents and experimental conditions. The resulting materials were characterized by several techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, electronic conductivity measurements and electrochemical techniques.
Frequency-Time Scheduling for Streaming Services in OFDMA system (2008)

International audience
Hippocampal single‐voxel MR spectroscopy with a long echo time at 3 T using semi‐LASER sequence (2021)

The hippocampus is one of the most challenging brain regions for proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) applications. Moreover, quantification of J-coupled species such as myo-inositol (m-Ins) and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) is affected by the presence of macromolecular background. While long echo time (TE) MRS eliminates the macromolecules, it also decreases the m-Ins and Glx signal and, as a result, these metabolites are studied mainly with short TE. Here, we investigate the feasibility of reproducibly measuring their concentrations at a long TE of 120 ms, using a semi-adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) sequence, as this sequence was recently recommended as a standard for clinical MRS. Gradient offset-independent adiabatic refocusing pulses were implemented, and an optimal long TE for the detection of m-Ins and Glx was determined using the T<sub>2</sub> relaxation times of macromolecules. Metabolite concentrations and their coefficients of variation (CVs) were obtained for a 3.4-mL voxel centered on the left hippocampus on 3-T MR systems at two different sites with three healthy subjects (aged 32.5 ± 10.2 years [mean ± standard deviation]) per site, with each subject scanned over two sessions, and with each session comprising three scans. Concentrations of m-Ins, choline, creatine, Glx and N-acetyl-aspartate were 5.4 ± 1.5, 1.7 ± 0.2, 5.8 ± 0.3, 11.6 ± 1.2 and 5.9 ± 0.4 mM (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Their respective mean within-session CVs were 14.5% ± 5.9%, 6.5% ± 5.3%, 6.0% ± 3.4%, 10.6% ± 6.2% and 3.5% ± 1.4%, and their mean within-subject CVs were 17.8% ± 18.2%, 7.5% ± 6.3%, 7.4% ± 6.4%, 12.4% ± 5.3% and 4.8% ± 3.0%. The between-subject CVs were 25.0%, 12.3%, 5.3%, 10.7% and 6.4%, respectively. Hippocampal long-TE sLASER single voxel spectroscopy can provide macromolecule-independent assessment of all major metabolites including Glx and m-Ins.
Regionale Unterschiede bei diabetesbedingten Amputationen – Befunde aus den DMP Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 in NRW (2019)

Das Verhindern von Amputationen ist ein zentrales Ziel der Diabetesversorgung. Zeigen sich regionale Unterschiede in der Amputationsprävalenz bei Patienten mit Typ-2-Diabetes in den DMP in NRW? Was könnten die Ursachen sein?
Longitudinal Analysis and Comparison of Six Serological Assays up to Eight Months Post-COVID-19 Diagnosis (2021)

In conclusion, serological tests show equivalent sensitivity in the first months after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but their performance later, postinfection, must be considered when interpreting the results.
Rational Engraftment of Quaternary-Interactive Acidic Loops for Anti-HIV-1 Antibody Improvement (2021)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are the focus of increasing interest for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) prevention and treatment. Although several bNAbs are already under clinical evaluation, the development of antibodies with even greater potency and breadth remains a priority. Recently, we reported a novel strategy for improving bNAbs against the CD4-binding site (CD4bs) of gp120 by engraftment of the elongated framework region 3 (FR3) from VRC03, which confers the ability to establish quaternary interactions with a second gp120 protomer. Here, we applied this strategy to a new series of anti-CD4bs bNAbs (N49 lineage) that already possess high potency and breadth. The resultant chimeric antibodies bound the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer with a higher affinity than their parental forms. Likewise, their neutralizing capacity against a global panel of HIV-1 Envs was also increased. The introduction of additional modifications further enhanced the neutralization potency. We also tried engrafting the elongated CDR1 of the heavy chain from bNAb 1-18, another highly potent quaternary-binding antibody, onto several VRC01-class bNAbs, but none of them was improved. These findings point to the highly selective requirements for the establishment of quaternary contact with the HIV-1 Env trimer. The improved anti-CD4bs antibodies reported here may provide a helpful complement to current antibody-based protocols for the therapy and prevention of HIV-1 infection.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Monoclonal antibodies represent one of the most important recent innovations in the fight against infectious diseases. Although potent antibodies can be cloned from infected individuals, various strategies can be employed to improve their activity or pharmacological features. Here, we improved a lineage of very potent antibodies that target the receptor-binding site of HIV-1 by engineering chimeric molecules containing a fragment from a different monoclonal antibody. These engineered antibodies are promising candidates for development of therapeutic or preventive approaches against HIV/AIDS.
Neurophysiological monitoring in the endovascular therapy of aneurysms. (2003)

NPM is a valuable adjunct to endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Our study suggests that these monitoring techniques may reduce ischemic complications and can be used to help guide therapeutic decisions.
Refractory Cushingʼs Disease Caused by Multinodular ACTH-Cell Hyperplasia (1982)

A patient with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism, unresponsive to resection of nodules in the anterior lobe, is described. Histochemical stains of the nodules showed multiple, focal, cellular expansions of the fibrovascular stroma. Transitions between normal and expanded adenohypophysial acini were present. Immunoperoxidase stains for ACTH and other pituitary hormones revealed that these multiple foci contained an excess of ACTH-positive cells. Less than 10% of the cells in these foci were negative for ACTH and positive for other hormones. Serial sections showed that these foci of predominantly ACTH-producing acini were not connected. Clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical data indicated that ACTH-cell hyperplasia caused Crushing's disease in this patient. Pathologic study of individual cases should concentrate on determining whether hyperplasia or adenoma exist at the time of surgical exploration of the pituitary gland, since this determination is important to proper treatment. Tentative criteria to recognize ACTH-cell hyperplasia are: 1. Multiple foci of ACTH laden cells. 2. A minor subpopulation of cells of alternate hormone series. 3. Expansion without destruction of acini in the adenohypophysis.
Fourth Workshop on Grand Unification (1983)

It has been sixteen years since the unification of electro Magnetism with the weak interactions was developed by Glashow, Salam, and Weinberg. Well before that proposal was fully confirmed by experime
Image Based WFC for Active Segmented Telescopes (2013)

We describe a WFC technique for both segment figure control and phasing using only image data. The method has a wide dynamic range and a residual Wavefront Error (WFE) consistent with a visible imaging system.
The Different Strategies for Designing GPCR and Kinase Targeted Libraries (2004)

In recent years the trend in combinatorial library design has shifted to include target class focusing along with diversity and drug-likeness criteria. In this manuscript we review the computational tools available for target class library design and highlight the areas where they have proven useful in our work. The protein kinase family is used to illustrated structure-based target class focused library design, and the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family is used to illustrate ligand-based target class focused library design. Most of the tools discussed are those designed for libraries targeted to a single protein and are simply applied "brute-force" to a large number of targets within the family. The tools that have proven to be the most useful in our work are those that can extract trends from the computational data such as docking and clustering or data mining large amounts of structure activity or high throughput screening data. Finally, areas where improvements are needed in the computational tools available for target class focusing are highlighted. These areas include tools to extract the relevant patterns from all available information for a family of targets, tools to efficiently apply models for all targets in the family rather than just a small subset, mining tools to extract the relevant information from the computational absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) and targeting data, and tools to allow interactive exploration of the virtual space around a library to facilitate the selection of the library that best suits the needs of the design team.
Synthesis of isomers of 18F-labelled amino acid radiopharmaceutical (1997)

To diagnose cancers with radiolabelled amino acid using positron emission tomography, we have constructed a separation and purification system for the production of L-18F-alpha-methyltyrosine (L-18FAmT). This system could provide radioprotection and consistent production of L-18FAmT. L-18FAmT was synthesized and purified and the efficiency of the system was examined. The radiochemical yield of L-18FAmT was 20.3 +/- 5.1% (n = 5) based on the radioactivity trapped in the reaction vessel. The radiochemical purity was greater than 99.4 +/- 0.3% (n = 5). The radiochemical stability in phosphate-buffered saline and human plasma was examined and little decomposition was observed by HPLC analysis. Our results indicate that the separation and purification system gave simple and quick synthesis of L-18FAmT with a large reduction in radiation exposure and consistent production of L-18FAmT.
Supplementary Table 3 from Signaling and Transcriptional Changes Critical for Transformation of Human Cells by Simian Virus 40 Small Tumor Antigen or Protein Phosphatase 2A B56γ Knockdown (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from Signaling and Transcriptional Changes Critical for Transformation of Human Cells by Simian Virus 40 Small Tumor Antigen or Protein Phosphatase 2A B56γ Knockdown
SATURATION BOILING ON MPC: EFFECTS OF THICKNESS, INCLINATION ANGLE, TRANSIENT BUBBLE GROWTH, AND NUCLEATION SITE DENSITY (2013)

Saturation pool boiling experiments of PF-5060 dielectric on micro-porous copper (MPC) near atmospheric pressure (~0.085 MPa) have investigated the effects of the inclination angle (θ) and thickness (δMPC) on the nucleate boiling (NB) heat transfer coefficient (hNB) and critical heat flux (CHF). In the experiments, δMPC varied from 80 to 230 µm and θ varied from 0° (upward facing) to 180° (downward facing). In addition to enhancing hNB, there was no (or a slight) excursion in the surface temperature (<5 K) prior to boiling incipience. Increasing δMPC from 95 to 230 µm increased the CHF from 22 to 26 W/cm2. The highest [maximum nucleate boiling (MNB)] heat transfer coefficient (hMNB) near the end of fully developed NB region occurred at lower superheat than at the CHF. Both hNB and hMNB increased with increasing δMPC, peaking at ~171 µm, and then decreased with a further increase in δMPC. They were highest in the upward-facing orientation. The hMNB value (up to ~7.8 W/cm2· K) decreased slowly with increasing θ to 90°, and then decreased faster to the lowest value at 180°. In the upward-facing orientation hNB was correlated in terms of the applied heat flux (hNB = AqB); coefficient A increased linearly from 0.427 to 1.143 as δMPC increased from 80 to 230 µm, while B increased from 0.522 to a peak of 0.686 at δMPC ~ 162 µm, and then decreased to 0.573 at δMPC = 230 µm. The hNB correlation agreed with the data to within ±12%. Also developed was a correlation for the transient bubble growth on MPC at low heat flux (<0.48 W/cm2 ). This correlation agreed to within ±5% with measurements from footings recorded using a video camera at 210 frames per second. The bubble's departure diameter (Dd = 431 ± 7 µm ) and detachment frequency (fd = 36 ± 2 Hz) in the upward-facing orientation were independent of δMPC. The active nucleation site densities on MPC, based on these values of Dd and fd and the boiling curves in the experiments, ranged from ~725 to 1.07 × 104 sites/cm2.
PD61-10 DOES THE NUMBER OF GLEASON 6 POSITIVE CORES ON PROSTATE BIOPSY PREDICT ADVERSE PATHOLOGY AT RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY IN PATIENTS WHO ARE CANDIDATES FOR ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE? (2017)

margin. Gleason grade at the PSM was an independent predictor of BCR compared to presence of PSM alone. In patients with Gleason sum 7 disease on traditional final pathology, those with Gleason 3 at the PSM had a lower BCR rate (25.0%, 8/32) compared to those with Gleason 4+ (58.8%, 10/17, p 0.02).
Specification of Curve Selection and Supported Curve Parameters in MSR ECCLib (2015)

This document explains the details of the curve generation algorithms and provides the parameters for the NUMS (Nothing Up My Sleeve) curves. These curves are supported in the MSR Elliptic Curve Cryptography Library (MSR ECCLib).
ChemInform Abstract: A Directed Metalation Approach to 2‐Trialkylammoniomethyl‐3‐( trimethylsilylmethyl)thiophene Iodides: Precursors to 2,3‐Bis( methylene)‐2,3‐dihydrothiophene. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The TLR and IL-1 signalling network at a glance (2014)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the receptors for interleukin (IL)-1, IL-18 and IL-33 are required for defence against microbial pathogens but, if hyper-activated or not switched off efficiently, can cause tissue damage and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Understanding how the checks and balances in the system are integrated to fight infection without the network operating out of control will be crucial for the development of improved drugs to treat these diseases in the future. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, I provide a brief overview of how one of these intricate networks is controlled by the interplay of protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitylation events, and the mechanisms in myeloid cells that restrict and terminate its activation to prevent inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Finally, I suggest a few protein kinases that have been neglected as drug targets, but whose therapeutic potential should be explored in the light of recent advances in our understanding of their roles in the innate immune system.
Kidney 3D dynamic modeling and tumor tracking for therapeutic transcutaneous treatment (2014)

International audience
From Point Clouds to Mesh Using Regression (2017)

Surface reconstruction from a point cloud is a standard subproblem in many algorithms for dense 3D reconstruction from RGB images or depth maps. Methods, performing only local operations in the vicinity of individual points, are very fast, but reconstructed models typically contain lots of holes. On the other hand, regularized volumetric approaches, formulated as a global optimization, are typically too slow for real-time interactive applications. We propose to use a regression forest based method, which predicts the projection of a grid point to the surface, depending on the spatial configuration of point density in the grid point neighborhood. We designed a suitable feature vector and efficient oct-tree based GPU evaluation, capable of predicting surface of high resolution 3D models in milliseconds. Our method learns and predicts surfaces from an observed point cloud sparser than the evaluation grid, and therefore effectively acts as a regularizer.
Design and synthesis of the audio equalizers (2005)

This paper designs and synthesizes audio equalizers for multimedia applications. In order to prevent the equalizers from boosting undesired frequency components, the peaks of the inverse model of room transfer function are clipped. Different techniques are then used to synthesize the equalizer from the clipped amplitude response. A howling margin is employed to evaluate the equalizer's performance and to determine the optimum threshold for clipping. Real-time experiments using the SHARC processor show increased howling onset level and reduced reverberation.
Polymer patchy colloids with sticky patches (2013)

Patchy particles (PPs) are considered as interesting building blocks for the fabrication of novel structures with enhanced complexity and functionality. However, their development is primarily limited by the fact that there is no reliable method to prepare PPs on a large scale. Herein, a one-pot strategy to prepare PPs relying on polymerization-induced phase separation in monomer-embedded polymer nanoparticles is demonstrated. The surface is found to be composed of sticky patches embedded in a hard matrix by adhesion and force–distance measurements performed by atomic force microscopy. The patch sizes could be easily tuned by controlling the monomer conversion or varying the composition between the polymer and the monomer. This study presents the possibility to develop a simple, low-cost and scalable method for preparing large quantities of PPs from homopolymers. It may also pave the way to new PPs for functional materials and devices.
Green synthesis of mesoporous and biodegradable iron silicide nanoparticles for photothermal cancer therapy (2023)

Photothermal nanomaterials have shown great potential for photothermal therapy. In this study, we developed a simple green method of magnesiothermic co-reduction for the synthesis of mesoporous, magnetic and biodegradable iron silicide nanoparticles (FeSi NPs) as applied to photothermal therapy (PTT). Starting from biogenic tabasheer extracted from bamboo and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, the resultant FeSi NPs with a much lower band gap exhibited excellent optical absorption with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 76.2%, indicating a good photothermal performance. The weight extinction coefficient was measured to be 13.3 L g<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> at 1064 nm (second near-infrared window, NIR-II), which surpassed the performance of other competitive Si-based and Fe-based photothermal agents. Results of the cell viability assay showed that cells could be killed by NIR-II laser irradiation with the synthesized FeSi NPs. <i>In vivo</i> results on mice showed clearly an efficient suppression of tumour growth by photothermal treatment with FeSi NPs. FeSi NPs were found to be biodegradable in simulated body fluids. The results from our work indicate that FeSi NPs are a new class of promising photothermal agents (PTAs) for application in cancer therapy.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS (2005)

The purpose of this DOE-funded effort is to develop continuous processes for solvent extraction of coal for the production of carbon products. These carbon products include materials used in metals smelting, especially in the aluminum and steel industries, as well as porous carbon structural material referred to as ''carbon foam'' and carbon fibers. A process has been developed which results in high quality binder pitch suitable for use in graphite electrodes or carbon anodes. A detailed description of the protocol is given by Clendenin. Briefly, aromatic heavy oils are hydro-treated under mild conditions in order to increase their ability to dissolve coal. An example of an aromatic heavy oil is Koppers Carbon Black Base (CBB) oil. CBB oil has been found to be an effective solvent and acceptably low cost (i.e., significantly below the market price for binder pitch, or about $280 per ton at the time of this writing). It is also possible to use solvents derived from hydrotreated coal and avoid reliance on coke oven recovery products completely if so desired.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Isothiocyanate from Isonitrile and Sulfur. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Erythropoietin or Darbepoetin for patients with cancer - meta-analysis based on individual patient data (2009)

ESA treatment in cancer patients increased on study mortality and worsened overall survival. For patients undergoing chemotherapy the increase was less pronounced, but an adverse effect could not be excluded.
Imaging the dynamics of cardiac fiber orientation in vivo using 3D Ultrasound Backscatter Tensor Imaging (2017)

The assessment of myocardial fiber disarray is of major interest for the study of the progression of myocardial disease. However, time-resolved imaging of the myocardial structure remains unavailable in clinical practice. In this study, we introduce 3D Backscatter Tensor Imaging (3D-BTI), an entirely novel ultrasound-based imaging technique that can map the myocardial fibers orientation and its dynamics with a temporal resolution of 10 ms during a single cardiac cycle, non-invasively and in vivo in entire volumes. 3D-BTI is based on ultrafast volumetric ultrasound acquisitions, which are used to quantify the spatial coherence of backscattered echoes at each point of the volume. The capability of 3D-BTI to map the fibers orientation was evaluated in vitro in 5 myocardial samples. The helicoidal transmural variation of fiber angles was in good agreement with the one obtained by histological analysis. 3D-BTI was then performed to map the fiber orientation dynamics in vivo in the beating heart of an open-chest sheep at a volume rate of 90 volumes/s. Finally, the clinical feasibility of 3D-BTI was shown on a healthy volunteer. These initial results indicate that 3D-BTI could become a fully non-invasive technique to assess myocardial disarray at the bedside of patients.