gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exome sequencing identifies rare damaging variants in ATP8B4 and ABCA1 as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, has an estimated heritability of approximately 70%<sup>1</sup>. The genetic component of AD has been mainly assessed using genome-wide association studies, which do not capture the risk contributed by rare variants<sup>2</sup>. Here, we compared the gene-based burden of rare damaging variants in exome sequencing data from 32,558 individuals-16,036 AD cases and 16,522 controls. Next to variants in TREM2, SORL1 and ABCA7, we observed a significant association of rare, predicted damaging variants in ATP8B4 and ABCA1 with AD risk, and a suggestive signal in ADAM10. Additionally, the rare-variant burden in RIN3, CLU, ZCWPW1 and ACE highlighted these genes as potential drivers of respective AD-genome-wide association study loci. Variants associated with the strongest effect on AD risk, in particular loss-of-function variants, are enriched in early-onset AD cases. Our results provide additional evidence for a major role for amyloid-β precursor protein processing, amyloid-β aggregation, lipid metabolism and microglial function in AD.
Neural network solutions to a graph theoretic problem (2002)

A Hopfield-model-based solution to the node covering problem is considered. It is shown that the sequential algorithm is always convergent, and that for an n-node graph, this convergence occurs in no more than 2n iterations. For the parallel algorithm, a resetting scheme guaranteeing convergence is proposed. Detailed analyses of both schemes are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Willgerodt-Kingdler's microwave-enhanced synthesis of thioamide derivatives (2004)

International audience
Liner for Silicon Reactor (1983)

Coating of sodium tetrafluoride minimizes contaminating high-purity silicon during removal from reactor chamber. Using an NaF liner, reaction products are removed by simply turning reactor chamber updside down. Liner acts as seeding agent for NaF formed during reaction and insulates nickel walls from hot reaction products.
Synthesis of Bifunctional Imido Alkylidene BisPyrrolide Complexes of Molybdenum and Their Conversion into Bifunctional Imido Alkylidene Diolate Complexes That Can Be Employed as ROMP Initiators (2008)

Addition of four equivalents of lithium 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide to a solution of [Mo(NAr)(OR(F6))(2)(CHC(5)H(4))](2)Fe (OR(F6)=OCMe(CF(3))(2)) in dichloromethane led to [Mo(NAr)(Me(2)Pyr)(2)(CHC(5)H(4))](2)Fe (2; Me(2)Pyr=2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) and lithium hexafluoro-tert-butoxide, which crystallizes out upon cooling the reaction mixture to -35 degrees C. Attempts to prepare parent pyrrolide complexes analogous to 2 resulted in the formation of a mixture of two products. The one that could be isolated contains one equivalent of lithium pyrrolide per molybdenum, that is [Mo(NAr)(Pyr)(3)(CHC(5)H(4))](2)FeLi(2) (3). The X-ray structure obtained shows it to be a dimer of dimers in which each lithium atom is bound to three pyrrolides. Addition of four equivalents of lithium 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide to [Mo(NAr)(OR(F6))(2)](2)(DME)(2)(CH-1,4-C(6)H(4)CH) (1 b) in cold DME produced [Mo(NAr)(Me(2)Pyr)(2)](2)(CH-1,4-C(6)H(4)CH) (4) in good yield, in which the bridging alkylidene is derived from 1,4-divinylbenzene. Three equivalents of (S)-H(2)[Biphen] are required for a clean reaction with 3 to form [Mo(NAr)(Biphen)(CHC(5)H(4))](2)Fe (5) (H(2)[Biphen]=3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5',6,6'-tetramethyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diol), Li(2)[Biphen], and two equivalents of pyrrole. Reactions involving 4 with the chiral diols are the best behaved. Brown [Mo(NAr)(Benz(2)Bitet)](2)(CH-1,4-C(6)H(4)CH) (6) can be isolated upon addition of (R)-H(2)[Benz(2)Bitet] (H(2)[Benz(2)Bitet]=(3,3'-dibenzhydryl-5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-octahydro-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol) to 4, while addition of (R)-H(2)[Mes(2)Bitet] (H(2)[Mes(2)Bitet]=3,3'-dimesityl-5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-octahydro-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol) to 4 yields [Mo(NAr)(Mes(2)Bitet)](2)(CH-1,4-C(6)H(4)CH) (7). Compounds 5, 6, and 7 were employed as initiators for the polymerization of 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD) and 2,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)norbornadiene (NBDF6).
Fluorescence tomographic imaging in turbid media using early-arriving photons and Laplace transforms (1997)

We present a multichannel tomographic technique to detect fluorescent objects embedded in thick (6.4 cm) tissue-like turbid media using early-arriving photons. The experiments use picosecond laser pulses and a streak camera with single photon counting capability to provide short time resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. The tomographic algorithm is based on the Laplace transform of an analytical diffusion approximation of the photon migration process and provides excellent agreement between the actual positions of the fluorescent objects and the experimental estimates. Submillimeter localization accuracy and 4- to 5-mm resolution are demonstrated. Moreover, objects can be accurately localized when fluorescence background is present. The results show the feasibility of using early-arriving photons to image fluorescent objects embedded in a turbid medium and its potential in clinical applications such as breast tumor detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Antibiotics, Amythiamicins. Part 3. Structure Elucidations of Amythiamicins A, B, and C. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumor Targeting Properties of Indium-111 Labeled Genetically Engineered Fab′ and F(ab′) 2 Constructs of Chimeric Tumor Necrosis Treatment (chTNT)-3 Antibody (2003)

Genetic engineering techniques have allowed the construction of Fab' and F(ab')2 constructs of chimeric tumor necrosis treatment antibody (chTNT-3), a chimeric monoclonal antibody (MAb) that targets necrotic regions of solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo properties of Fab' and F(ab')2 constructs radiolabeled with indium-111 (111In) using diethylentriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) conjugation to develop a clinically useful imaging agent for the detection of necrosis in solid tumors. Optimization of the MAb-to-DTPA ratio showed that a 1:2 ratio gave the best immunoreactivity while providing good radiolabeling efficiency and high specific activity for all three DPTA conjugates. In addition, 111In-labeled Fab' and F(ab')2 conjugates were found to have faster whole body clearance times and better biodistribution profiles compared to parental 111In-labeled chTNT-3 in tumor-bearing mice. Although radiolabeled Fab' and F(ab')2 constructs showed lower tumor uptake than radiolabeled chTNT-3, biodistribution results showed that these constructs had significantly lower uptake in liver, spleen, and other normal organs (except the kidney), and therefore had higher tumor-to-organ ratios. In addition, a comparison of all derivatives showed that the F(ab')2 reagent gave the best results in tumor imaging studies. These results demonstrate that stable, a genetically engineered F(ab')2 construct can be successfully radiolabeled with 111In to produce potential imaging reagents for the imaging and monitoring of tumor necrosis.
NEMA performance evaluation of the DISCOVERY MI 25 cm axial extent digital PET/CT scanner (2018)

221 Objectives: The DISCOVERY MI digital PET/CT scanner from GE healthcare has a modular design allowing for 15, 20, and 25 cm axial extents (3, 4 or 5 rings). Several 3 and 4 ring systems have been installed and their NEMA NU2-2012 performance characteristics have been previously presented; however, there have been no results from a 5 ring system. In this abstract we present the NEMA NU2-2012 results of the first installed 5 rings system from 2 sites and compare them with those from a 4 ring system as well as the 25 cm axial extent GE Signa PET/MR. Methods: The Discovery MI 5 ring PET/CT scanner is composed of 34 modules each consisting of 5 detector blocks arranged in 16x9 LYSO detector elements. Each detector element is 3.95 x 5.3 x 25 mm. Each detector block is coupled to an array of 4x3 SiPM chips arranged as a 3x2 independent channels. The scanner detector to detector diameter is 74.4cm. NEMA NU2-2012 tests including resolution (FBP and OSEM), sensitivity, count rate, accuracy and image quality were performed. Additionally, the timing resolution and energy resolution of the system were measured. Data for the 4 ring system were obtained from the literature1 while data for PET/MR were obtained in-house. Results: The resolution (OSEM and FBP), sensitivity, count rate, accuracy and image quality are shown in table 1. The resolution is similar between all systems since the detector element is the same. The sensitivity of the 5 ring (20.3 cps/kBq) and the PET/MR (21.5 cps/kBq) are similar since both have a 25 cm axial extent (compared to the 20 cm 4 Ring system) although they have slightly different ring diameters (74.4 vs 62.4cm). The NECR of the 5 ring system has the highest effective sensitivity (269 vs 211 kcps@21 kBq/mL for the PET/MR). Scatter fraction, correction accuracy and image quality have similar results. Conclusion: The discovery MI 5 ring digital scanner has better or comparable NEMA performance characteristics among currently installed PET/CT systems. Hsu DFC, Ilan E, Peterson W, Uribe J, Lubberink M, Levin C; Studies of a Next Generation Silicon-Photomultiplier-Based Time-of-Flight PET/CT System, JNM 2017 Sep; 58(9):1511-1518.
Catalizadores de craqueo basados en zeolitas (2003)

Referencia OEPM: P200000789.-- Fecha de solicitud: 24/03/2000.-- Titulares: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BRANCHING ARCHITECTURE OF EPDM WITH HIGH CONTENT OF 5-VINYL-2-NORBORNENE AS THIRD MONOMER (2013)

ABSTRACT The branching architecture of high-molecular-weight EPDM polymers with high amounts of 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB) as a third monomer, produced using recently developed Keltan ACE™ technology, was assessed by means of the dilution rheology method proposed by Crosby et al. 1 and compared with conventional Ziegler–Natta EPDM grades. First, the dilution rheology results were converted into a single convenient parameter, called the dilution slope. Next, by combining the dilution rheology results with gel permeation chromatography data and assuming trifunctional branching points, we calculated the volume fraction of the branched polymer, the average molecular weight between branching points, and the branching density. It is shown that the high-VNB polymers studied contained a significantly higher amount of branch-on-branch structures.
Self-Referenced CEO Frequency Detection of a 10-GHz Laser Enabled by Highly Efficient Nonlinear Waveguides (2020)

We use two chip-scale waveguide platforms for self-referenced carrier-envelope offset frequency detection of a 10-GHz modelocked laser. A tunable beat note with a 33-dB signal-to-noise ratio is generated with only 18-pJ of coupled pulse energy.
Vom Turnen, Beten und Singen zu einer bildungsbezogenen Fachkonstruktion (2022)

In der Allgemeinen Didaktik sowie in den Fachdidaktiken ist in den letzten Jahren wieder eine stärkere Hinwendung zur Fachlichkeit der einzelnen Schulfächer zu beobachten. Gesucht wird nach der Fachspezifik und dem je eigenen Beitrag eines Faches zur Allgemeinbildung. Auch in der Sportdidaktik werden erneut Fragen der Fachlichkeit diskutiert, um einen nicht austauschbaren „Kern“ des Schulfaches Sport zu identifizieren. Während andere Schulfächer sich z.B. über wissenschaftliche Disziplinen legitimieren, gehört Sport zu denjenigen Fächern, die auf einen ästhetischen Weltzugang verweisen. Ebenso wie Sport stehen die Fächer Musik und Religion in einer Tradition, die von Formierung, Erziehung und unhinterfragter Praxis ihren Ausgang nahmen, bevor sie sich zu bildungsbezogenen Fächern entwickelten. Im Fächervergleich sollen die jeweiligen Ansätze, ästhetische Bildung (fach-)spezifisch aufzugreifen und auszubuchstabieren, skizziert und auf mögliche Anregungspotenziale für die Fachkonstruktion im Sport befragt werden.
Tunable Triple-Band Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Mobile Phone (2020)

In this paper, the new design technique of the triple-band antenna for the sub-6 GHz 5G mobile phone is proposed. The new proposed patterns are designed into a metal clearance area with the pre-existing 4G antennas in order to cover the additional sub-6 GHz bands. In the proposed design, and the tunable inductor is placed between the legacy antenna and the proposed patterns to cover the wide frequency range in the sub-6GHz bands through the frequency switching without loss of the pre-existing 4G antennas. Consequently, the proposed antenna operates in triple-band (0.9 GHz, 2.5 GHz for the legacy band, 3.3 - 5.0 GHz for the sub-6 GHz) and the simulated and measured radiation efficiency is over 50% in whole target frequency bands. The proposed design technique can contribute to various mobile phones which need to add the new 5G band without the additional space.
AN ACOUSTIC / RADAR SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED DETECTION, LOCALIZATION, AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS IN THE VICINITY OF AIRFIELDS (2006)

Bird-aircraft collisions present a significant threat to military and commercial aircraft, and as bird populations and air traffic continue to grow, and airport/airbase operations continue to expand, the problem will steadily get worse. To help mitigate bird strike hazards, we propose a multi-sensor system consisting of ground radar and acoustic sensors that can directly monitor bird activity and provide an alert when a threat condition occurs. Radar offers a large detection range and the ability to detect in all weather conditions, while acoustic sensors allow the ability to detect targets in the midst of clutter and add the capability to classify. A multi-sensor approach ensures that the system can provide bird strike monitoring capability in any situation with a low false alarm rate. As the Phase II effort of an Air Force STTR project, we have constructed and tested a microphone array adapted from state-of-the-art undersea warfare sensor technology that measures accurate angles to any acoustic source (broadband or narrowband) and a parabolic dish microphone which provides high-gain data on targets of interest. A test was conducted near Panama City / Bay County International Airport in conjunction with the Merlin Bird Detection Radar designed by DeTect, Inc. Results of this test will be presented and show that the acoustic array is capable of detecting, localizing in angle, and tracking multiple targets simultaneously, including birds, bats, aircraft, automobiles, people, and boats. The parabolic dish microphone was able to provide very high-gain acoustic data on several of these targets. The radar data was used as truth data for acoustic sensor performance evaluation and to determine situations in which the acoustic data can benefit the radar. Altogether, almost three days of continuous acoustic and radar data were collected, and analysis of these data show that the hybrid radar-acoustic system can provide bird strike avoidance capability.
Sperm on a Scented Trail (2005)

Abstract Messages from the realm of scent: human sperm have a sense of smell too. This means that chemical scents play a major role in reproduction
Chaperone Activity of α B-Crystallin Is Responsible for Its Incorrect Assignment as an Autoantigen in Multiple Sclerosis (2011)

For 15 y, α B-crystallin (heat shock protein [Hsp] B5) has been labeled an autoantigen in multiple sclerosis (MS) based on humoral and cellular responses found in humans and animal models. However, there have been several scientific inconsistencies with this assignment, ranging from studies demonstrating small differences in anticrystallin responses between patients and healthy individuals to the inability of crystallin-specific T cells to induce symptoms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in animal models. Experiments in this article demonstrate that the putative anti-HspB5 Abs from 23 MS patients cross-react with 7 other members of the human small Hsp family and were equally present in normal plasma. Biolayer interferometry demonstrates that the binding was temperature dependent, and that the calculated K(a) increased as the concentration of the sHsp decreased. These two patterns are characteristic of multiple binding sites with varying affinities, the composition of which changes with temperature, supporting the hypothesis that HspB5 bound the Ab and not the reverse. HspB5 also precipitated Ig heavy and L chains from sera from patients with MS. These results establish that small Hsps bind Igs with high affinity and refute much of the serological data used to assign α B-crystallin as an autoantigen.
Correction to: Phase 1 dose-escalation study of a novel oral PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, LY3023414, in patients with cancer (2020)

The article Phase 1 dose-escalation study of a novel oral PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, LY3023414, in patients with cancer, written by Shunsuke Kondo, Masaomi Tajimi, Tomohiko Funai, Koichi Inoue, Hiroya Asou, Vinay Kumar Ranka, Volker Wacheck, Toshihiko Doi, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal on 23 June 2020 without open access.
Distal Humeral Hemiarthroplasty: Indications, Results, and Complications. A Systematic Review (2014)

Here, we present the first review of the indications for DHH. DHH is a reasonable treatment option for older patients with unreconstructable intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus as well as younger patients with rheumatoid arthritis, orthopaedic tumor with significant bone loss, malunion, or osteomyelitis.
CSAIL2019 Crypto-Puzzle Solver Architecture (2023)

The CSAIL2019 time-lock puzzle is an unsolved cryptographic challenge introduced by Ron Rivest in 2019, replacing the solved LCS35 puzzle. Solving these types of puzzles requires large amounts of intrinsically sequential computations (i.e. computations which cannot be parallelized), with each iteration performing a very large (3072-bit in the case of CSAIL2019) modular multiplication operation. The complexity of each iteration is several times greater than known FPGA implementations, and the number of iterations has been increased by about 1000x compared to LCS35. Because of the high complexity of this new puzzle, a number of intermediate, or milestone versions of the puzzle have been specified.
Advertising Node Administrative Tags in IS-IS (2016)

This document describes an extension to the IS-IS routing protocol to
advertise node administrative tags. This optional capability allows
tagging and grouping of the nodes in an IS-IS domain. The node
administrative tags can be used to express and apply locally defined
network policies, thereby providing a very useful operational
capability. Node administrative tags may be used by either IS-IS
itself or other applications consuming information propagated via IS-
IS.
Slurry Infiltration of 3-D Woven Composites (2008)

Sol-gel techniques have been used to infiltrate fibrous preforms at room temperature. However, due to large shrinkage during processing, even many infiltration and heat treatment cycles fail to achieve dense composites. Slurries of alumina and silica powders were infiltrated into 3-D woven preforms of mullite based fiber in order to investigate the effects of particle size and size distribution on packing. A well dispersed slurry containing agglomerate-free, submicron-sized particles significantly increased infiltration efficiency and resulted in a high packing density.
Mussel-Inspired Architecture of High-Flux Loose Nanofiltration Membrane Functionalized with Antibacterial Reduced Graphene Oxide–Copper Nanocomposites (2017)

Graphene-based nanocomposites have a vast potential for wide-ranging antibacterial applications due to the inherently strong biocidal activity and versatile compatibility of such nanocomposites. Therefore, graphene-based functional nanomaterials can introduce enhanced antibiofouling and antimicrobial properties to polymeric membrane surfaces. In this study, reduced graphene oxide-copper (rGOC) nanocomposites were synthesized as newly robust biocides via in situ reduction. Inspired by the emerging method of bridging ultrafiltration membrane surface cavities, loose nanofiltration (NF) membranes were designed using a rapid (2 h) bioinspired strategy in which rGOC nanocomposites were firmly codeposited with polydopamine (PDA) onto an ultrafiltration support. A series of analyses (SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, TEM, and AFM) confirmed the successful synthesis of the rGO-Cu nanocomposites. The secure loading of rGOC composites onto the membrane surfaces was also confirmed by SEM and AFM images. Water contact angle results display a high surface hydrophilicity of the modified membranes. The PDA-rGOC functionalization layer facilitated a high water permeability (22.8 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> bar<sup>-1</sup>). The PDA-rGOC modification additionally furnished the membrane with superior separation properties advantageous for various NF applications such as dye purification or desalination, as ultrahigh (99.4% for 0.5 g L<sup>-1</sup> reactive blue 2) dye retention and high salt permeation (7.4% for 1.0 g L<sup>-1</sup> Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, 2.5% for 1.0 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl) was achieved by the PDA-rGOC-modified membranes. Furthermore, after 3 h of contact with Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, the rGOC-functionalized membranes exhibited a strong antibacterial performance with a 97.9% reduction in the number of live E. coli. This study highlights the use of rGOC composites for devising loose NF membranes with strong antibacterial and separation performance.