gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of human group II PLA2 in transgenic mice results in epidermal hyperplasia in the absence of inflammatory infiltrate. (1996)

Group II PLA2 has been implicated in inflammatory processes in both man and other animals and has been shown to be involved in inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis and sepsis. Transgenic mice expressing the human group II PLA2 gene have been generated using a 6.2-kb genomic fragment. These mice express the group II PLA2 gene abundantly in liver, lung, kidney, and skin, and have serum PLA2 activity levels approximately eightfold higher than nontransgenic littermates. The group II PLA2 transgenic mice reported here exhibit epidermal and adnexal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and almost total alopecia. The chronic epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis seen in these mice is similar to that seen in a variety of dermatopathies, including psoriasis. However, unlike what is seen with these dermatopathies, no significant inflammatory-cell influx was observed in the skin of these animals, or in any other tissue examined. These mice provide an important tool for examining group II PLA2 expression, and for determining the role of group II PLA2 in normal and disease physiology. They serve as an in vivo model for identifying inhibitors of group II PLA2 activity and gene expression.
Metal Ion Enhanced Binding of AMD3100 to Asp262 in the CXCR4 Receptor (2002)

The affinity of AMD3100, a symmetrical nonpeptide antagonist composed of two 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) rings connected through a 1,4-dimethylene(phenylene) linker to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor was increased 7, 36, and 50-fold, respectively, by incorporation of the following: Cu(2+), Zn(2+), or Ni(2+) into the cyclam rings of the compound. The rank order of the transition metal ions correlated with the calculated binding energy between free acetate and the metal ions coordinated in a cyclam ring. Construction of AMD3100 substituted with only a single Cu(2+) or Ni(2+) ion demonstrated that the increase in binding affinity of the metal ion substituted bicyclam is achieved through an enhanced interaction of just one of the ring systems. Mutational analysis of potential metal ion binding residues in the main ligand binding crevice of the CXCR4 receptor showed that although binding of the bicyclam is dependent on both Asp(171) and Asp(262), the enhancing effect of the metal ion was selectively eliminated by substitution of Asp(262) located at the extracellular end of TM-VI. It is concluded that the increased binding affinity of the metal ion substituted AMD3100 is obtained through enhanced interaction of one of the cyclam ring systems with the carboxylate group of Asp(262). It is suggested that this occurs through a strong concomitant interaction of one of the oxygen's directly with the metal ion and the other oxygen to one of the nitrogens of the cyclam ring through a hydrogen bond.
Measurement of $t\bar{t}$ production with a veto on additional central jet activity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV using the ATLAS detector (2012)

A measurement of the jet activity in [Formula: see text] events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented, using 2.05 fb<sup>-1</sup> of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The [Formula: see text] events are selected in the dilepton decay channel with two identified <i>b</i>-jets from the top quark decays. Events are vetoed if they contain an additional jet with transverse momentum above a threshold in a central rapidity interval. The fraction of events surviving the jet veto is presented as a function of this threshold for four different central rapidity interval definitions. An alternate measurement is also performed, in which events are vetoed if the scalar transverse momentum sum of the additional jets in each rapidity interval is above a threshold. In both measurements, the data are corrected for detector effects and compared to the theoretical models implemented in MC@NLO, Powheg, Alpgen and Sherpa. The experimental uncertainties are often smaller than the spread of theoretical predictions, allowing deviations between data and theory to be observed in some regions of phase space.
Cantilevers with integrated sensor for time-resolved force measurement in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (2008)

We present a micromachined cantilever with an integrated high-bandwidth resonator for direct measurement of tip-sample interaction forces in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy. Force measurements are achieved by a diffraction grating that serves as a differential displacement sensor for the tip motion relative to the cantilever body. Time-resolved tip-sample interaction force measurement is demonstrated on a silicon sample following calibration of the probe structure. By using lock-in detection, the harmonics of periodic tip-sample interaction have been utilized to obtain high-contrast, material specific images. The harmonic images of patterned silicon/silicon nitride control samples and triblock copolymers are presented.
Surface reactions of aminosilane precursors during N2 plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition of SiNx (2019)

Abstract The surface reactions during atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SiN x were studied using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Specifically, di(sec‐butylamino)silane (DSBAS) and bis(diethylamino)silane (BDEAS) were used as the silicon precursors with N 2 plasma as the nitrogen source for SiN x ALD over a temperature range of 225–375°C. The infrared spectra recorded during each ALD half‐cycle provide unambiguous experimental evidence that surface secondary amines (&gt;NH) are the primary reactive sites for chemisorption of DSBAS and BDEAS on a SiN x surface that was exposed to an N 2 plasma. Based on these observations, we predict that most aminosilane precursors will primarily react with surface &gt;NH groups: This observation is contrary to most atomistic‐level simulations for this reaction that predict a high activation energy barrier.
Attaining the promise of plant gene editing at scale (2021)

Crop improvement relies heavily on genetic variation that arises spontaneously through mutation. Modern breeding methods are very adept at combining this genetic variation in ways that achieve remarkable improvements in plant performance. Novel traits have also been created through mutation breeding and transgenesis. The advent of gene editing, however, marks a turning point: With gene editing, synthetic variation will increasingly supplement and, in some cases, supplant the genetic variation that occurs naturally. We are still in the very early stages of realizing the opportunity provided by plant gene editing. At present, typically only one or a few genes are targeted for mutation at a time, and most mutations result in loss of gene function. New technological developments, however, promise to make it possible to perform gene editing at scale. RNA virus vectors, for example, can deliver gene-editing reagents to the germ line through infection and create hundreds to thousands of diverse mutations in the progeny of infected plants. With developmental regulators, edited somatic cells can be induced to form meristems that yield seed-producing shoots, thereby increasing throughput and shrinking timescales for creating edited plants. As these approaches are refined and others developed, they will allow for accelerated breeding, the domestication of orphan crops and the reengineering of metabolism in a more directed manner than has ever previously been possible.
Inhibition of Myogenesis by Multiple Cyclin-Cdk Complexes (1997)

During skeletal myogenesis, cell cycle withdrawal accompanies the expression of the contractile phenotype. Here we show that ectopic expression of each D-type cyclin is sufficient to inhibit the transcriptional activation of the muscle-specific creatine kinase (MCK) gene. In contrast, ectopic expression of cyclin A or cyclin E inhibits MCK expression only when they are co-expressed with their catalytic partner cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). For each of these conditions, myogenic transcriptional inhibition is reversed by the ectopic co-expression of the general Cdk inhibitor p21. Inhibition of MCK expression by cyclins or cyclin-Cdk combinations correlates with E2F activation, suggesting that the inhibition is mediated by the overall Rb-kinase activities of the Cdk complexes. In support of this hypothesis, a hyperactive mutant of Rb was found to partially reverse the inhibition of MCK expression by cyclin D1 and by the combination of cyclin A and Cdk2. These data demonstrate that the inhibition of myogenic transcriptional activity is a general feature of overall Cdk activity which is mediated, at least in part, by an pocket protein/E2F-dependent pathway. MCK promoter activity is also inhibited by ectopic E2F1 expression, but this inhibition is not reversed by the co-expression of p21. Analyses of a series of E2F1 mutants revealed that the transcriptional activation, leucine zipper, basic, and cyclin A/Cdk2-binding domains are dispensable, but the helix-loop-helix region is essential for myogenic inhibition. These data demonstrate that myocyte proliferation and differentiation are coordinated at the level of E2F and that these opposing activities are regulated by different E2F domains.
Electrochemical processes in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2000)

Editorial Comment Last month we presented, as a Special Feature, a set of five articles that constituted a Commentary on the fundamentals and mechanism of electrospray ionization (ESI). These articles produced some lively discussion among the authors on the role of electrochemistry in ESI. Six authors participated in a detailed exchange of views on this topic, the final results of which constitute this month's Special Feature. We particularly hope that younger scientists will find value in this month's Special Feature, not only for the science that it teaches but also what it reveals about the processes by which scientific conclusions are drawn. To a degree, the contributions part the curtains on these processes and show science in action. We sincerely thank the contributors to this discussion. The give and take of intellectual debate is not always easy, and to a remarkable extent this set of authors has maintained good humor and friendships, even when disagreeing strongly on substance. Graham Cooks and Richard Caprioli Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crosstalk analysis of ring-resonator based optical switches (2016)

Optical switches based on ring resonator cavities are fabricated by a silicon photonics foundry process and analyzed for optical crosstalk at various data rates and channel spacing. An optical power penalty of 1 dB is measured for 40GHz channel spacing for 20Gb/s as compared to slower data rates.
Average Delay Approximation of M/G/1 Cyclic Service Queues with Bernoulli Schedules (1986)

The Laplace Transform (and the first two moments) of the busy period of the recently introduced <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M/G/1</tex> vacation model with a Bernoulli schedule is completed exactly. This expression makes it possible to estimate the average waiting time of each queue for the Bernoulli schedule cyclic service queue. Consequently, the weighted average of the mean waiting time can be minimized over the class of Bernoulli schedules. The Bernoulli schedule has the advantage over exhaustive schedules (or classical priority schedules) in that the performance of one class of traffic is somewhat insulated from the adverse effects of high utilization in a different class of traffic. The analysis of cyclic service queues can be applied to processor schedules and token ring local area networks as well as components of other data communication systems.
Preparation and properties of emulsifier/N‐methylpyrrolidone‐free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane–acrylate emulsions for footwear adhesives. I. Effect of the acrylic monomer content (2016)

ABSTRACT Stable emulsions of emulsifier/ N ‐methylpyrrolidone‐free crosslinkable waterborne polyurethane–acrylates (C‐WBPUAs) with various acrylic monomer contents (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt %) for footwear adhesive materials were successfully prepared in this study. The effects of the acrylic monomer content on the shelf stability, mean particle size, and viscosity of the C‐WBPUA emulsions; the tensile properties and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of the C‐WBPUA film samples; and the adhesive strengths between the upper (synthetic leather) and the sole (ethylene vinyl acetate rubber) in both the dry and wet states of the formulated adhesives (C‐WBPUA emulsion–thickener–hardener) were examined. The adhesive strengths of the formulated adhesives for footwear (leather–sole) in both the dry and wet states increased with increasing acrylic monomer content up to 20 wt %; after this, they almost levelled off. Thus, C‐WBPUA20 and C‐WBPUA30, where the number indicates the acrylic monomer content, can be recommended as high‐performance adhesive materials for footwear. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43758.
Si nanowire CMOS fabricated with minimal deviation from RMG FinFET technology showing record performance (2015)

We demonstrate a process flow for creating gate-all-around (GAA) Si nanowire (SiNW) MOSFETs with minimal deviation from conventional replacement metal gate (RMG) finFET technology as used in high-volume manufacturing. Using this technique, we demonstrate the highest DC performance shown for GAA SiNW MOSFETs at sub-100 nm gate pitch, and functional high-speed ring oscillators.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Enzyme-Linked Immunospot for Diagnosis of Smear-Negative Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients (2012)

BAL IGRA performed poorly for the diagnosis of smear-negative TB in a high HIV/TB burden setting. Further studies are needed to examine reasons for the large proportion of indeterminate results and low specificity of BAL IGRA for active TB in high HIV/TB burden settings.
Active monitoring of the state of motion in two-wheeled vehicles in absence of a valid GPS/GNSS signal (2020)

In insurance telematics, the information about the motion of a vehicle is mostly derived by a combination of inertial signals measured from e-Boxes installed integral to the vehicle. However, one must cope with poor reliability and possible lack of continuity of the GPS/GNNS signals. In this work, an inertial-based classification method that discriminates whether a two-wheeled vehicle is in motion is presented. This binary detection can be very helpful in circumstances where the GPS/GNNS signal is not sufficiently reliable and consequently the speed. With respect to what dead-reckoning algorithms do, the present contribution aims to recognize when the vehicle is moving without estimating the vehicle speed, but rather by correctly interpreting the intensity of the measured inertial signals. The approach has been extensively tested on experimental data, proving its suitability for practical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF N,N‐DIMETHYL(METHYLENE)AMMONIUM CHLORIDE IN THE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF INDOLES (1980)

Abstract Die Indole (II) werden mit N,N‐Dimethyl‐(methylenammoniumchlorid) (I) zu entsprechenden Mannichbasen (III) umgesetzt.
Abstract ED01-01: Immunity against cancer: How to be enhanced? (2015)

Abstract Prevention of infectious diseases through immunization is one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine. Nonetheless, considerable challenges remain for improving the efficacy of vaccines currently employed to treat devastating diseases such as cancer. Dendritic cells (DC) are considered professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system highly effective in initiating primary immune responses. Following infection or inflammation they undergo a complex process of maturation, and migrate to lymph nodes (LN) where they present antigens to T cells. Their decisive role in inducing immunity formed the rationale for DC immunotherapy: DC loaded with tumor antigens are injected into cancer patients to stimulate T cells to eradicate tumours. A major advantage of immunotherapy when compared to radio-, chemo- and targeted therapy is its low toxicity. To date, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is explored worldwide in clinical vaccination trials with cancer patients. Although during the past 15 years the concept of DC vaccination has been clearly proven and found safe, the number of patients that have long-term benefit is still limited. Therefore the development of bioassays that predict clinical outcome are essential to optimize cellular anticancer immunotherapy. We have developed a robust and simple skin test to evaluate the capacity of tumor-specific T cells to migrate, recognize their targets, and exert effector functions. This bioassay detects skin infiltrating T lymphocytes (SKILs) with an elevated antineoplastic potential and hence identifies patients responding to immunotherapy once started. The identification of a biomarker already available before start of treatment would facilitate decision-making regarding (prophylactic) immunotherapy. We recently identified that the ratio between peri/intratumoral T cells in the primary tumor, is an excellent predictor of survival after DC-based immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma patients. Citation Format: Jolanda De Vries, Winald Gerritsen, Carl G. Figdor. Immunity against cancer: How to be enhanced?. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr ED01-01.
Cryptanalysis of RSA with private key d less than N/sup 0.292/ (2000)

We show that if the private exponent d used in the RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (1978)) public-key cryptosystem is less than N/sup 0.292/ then the system is insecure. This is the first improvement over an old result of Wiener (1990) showing that when d is less than N/sup 0.25/ the RSA system is insecure. We hope our approach can be used to eventually improve the bound to d less than N/sup 0.5/.
Characterization of the atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor using a vaccinia virus expression vector. (1988)

A recombinant vaccinia virus has been used to direct the expression of the atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (ANP C-receptor) in mammalian cell lines normally deficient in this protein. The recombinant receptor binds 125I-ANP-(102-126) in a specific and saturable manner and carboxyl-terminal truncated and internal-deleted ANP analogs bind to this site with high affinity. Following the covalent attachment of 125I-ANP-(102-126) to the recombinant ANP C-receptor, the protein exhibits an electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the native ANP C-receptor of cultured vascular cells. Expression of the ANP C-receptor in heterologous cells does not affect ANP-stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation, confirming previous reports that this novel ANP receptor subpopulation is not coupled to cyclic GMP metabolism. Furthermore, specific antisera, generated by inoculating rabbits with living recombinant virus, block 125I-ANP binding to the ANP C-receptor but do not inhibit ANP stimulation of cyclic GMP, supporting the existence of two receptor subpopulations that are functionally and immunologically distinct.
Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Can Integrate and Differentiate into Epithelial Lung Lineages (2008)

A new source of stem cells has recently been isolated from amniotic fluid; these amniotic fluid stem cells have significant potential for regenerative medicine. These cells are multipotent, showing the ability to differentiate into cell types from each embryonic germ layer. We investigated the ability of human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSC) to integrate into murine lung and to differentiate into pulmonary lineages after injury. Using microinjection into cultured mouse embryonic lungs, hAFSC can integrate into the epithelium and express the early human differentiation marker thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1). In adult nude mice, following hyperoxia injury, tail vein-injected hAFSC localized in the distal lung and expressed both TTF1 and the type II pneumocyte marker surfactant protein C. Specific damage of Clara cells through naphthalene injury produced integration and differentiation of hAFSC at the bronchioalveolar and bronchial positions with expression of the specific Clara cell 10-kDa protein. These results illustrate the plasticity of hAFSC to respond in different ways to different types of lung damage by expressing specific alveolar versus bronchiolar epithelial cell lineage markers, depending on the type of injury to recipient lung. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Self‐Induced and Progressive Photo‐Oxidation of Organophosphonic Acid Grafted Titanium Dioxide (2023)

While synthesis-properties-performance correlations are being studied for organophosphonic acid grafted TiO<sub>2</sub> , their stability and the impact of the exposure conditions on possible changes in the interfacial surface chemistry remain unexplored. Here, the impact of different ageing conditions on the evolution of the surface properties of propyl- and 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid grafted mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> over a period of 2 years is reported, using solid-state <sup>31</sup> P and <sup>13</sup> C NMR, ToF-SIMS and EPR as main techniques. In humid conditions under ambient light exposure, PA grafted TiO<sub>2</sub> surfaces initiate and facilitate photo-induced oxidative reactions, resulting in the formation of phosphate species and degradation of the grafted organic group with a loss of carbon content ranging from 40 to 60 wt %. By revealing its mechanism, solutions were provided to prevent degradation. This work provides valuable insights for the broad community in choosing optimal exposure/storage conditions that extend the lifetime and improve the materials' performance, positively impacting sustainability.