gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Surface Seismic Patches for Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring (2014)

Summary In 2011 Schlumberger and an independent operator jointly acquired a comprehensive dataset of hydraulic fracturing operations which stimulated the Fayetteville shale: signal and noise were tracked from reservoir to surface and then across the surface. The performance of alternative monitoring technologies such as surface and shallow borehole seismic arrays as well as a downhole seismic array are analyzed. The noise levels on the different seismic arrays are characterized and appropriate attenuation techniques are applied. Furthermore linear and non-linear stacking methods are utilized to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The application of the Coalescense Microseismic Mapping algorithm to locate microseismic events concludes that an accurate source location requires an accurate velocity model together with consistent and aligned signal. Coherent noise, insufficient signal or noise discrimination are key factors influencing location uncertainty. Although surface line segments benefit from larger receiver apertures, SNRs of their stacks were usually only slightly higher than from stacks of surface patches using linear stacking methods. However, source localization is more accurate using surface lines. Nevertheless, surface patches are easily deployable so provided sufficient signal is recorded and noise attenuation methods are applied prior to stacking and source scanning, they may ultimately become the preferred surface monitoring configuration.
Long‐Term UV Detecting Wearable Patches Enabled by III‐N Compound Semiconductor‐Based Microphotodetectors (2023)

Abstract UV radiation is considered indispensable from the hygienic, medical, aesthetic, and industrial perspectives. Among the various types of UV radiation, UV‐A (with a wavelength of 315–400 nm) has a significant influence because it adversely affects human skin, leading to damage such as blemishes, freckles, and wrinkles. Although various photosensors are developed for monitoring UV‐A radiation in real time, these devices have critical issues, such as inefficient fabrication processes, insufficient photoresponsivity, and incompatibility with long‐term wearable applications. Here, the authors report on a wearable UV‐detecting patch targeted for long‐term use in the medical and clinical fields. A wearable UV sensor is fabricated by integrating optimized InGaN/GaN microphotodetectors (µPDs) in a 3D porous patch. The optical and electrical properties of the device are intensively investigated under various types of optical radiation and input electrical power and show high photoresponsivity (2.82 A W −1 ) and excellent external quantum efficiency (897.63%). Long‐term real‐time UV radiation monitoring using the wearable µPDs is demonstrated; moreover, the by‐products can be efficiently removed from human skin surfaces.
Gα 12 - and Gα 13 -Protein Subunit Linkage of D 5 Dopamine Receptors in the Nephron (2003)

The roles of the G-protein alpha-subunits, Gs, Gi, and Gq/11, in the signal transduction of the D1-like dopamine receptors, D1 and D5, have been deciphered. Galpha12 and Galpha13, members of the 4th family of G protein subunits, are not linked with D1 receptors, and their linkage to D5 receptors is not known. Therefore, we studied the expression of Galpha12 and Galpha13 and interaction with D5 dopamine receptors in the kidney from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and D5 receptor-transfected HEK293 cells. Galpha12 and Galpha13 were found in the proximal tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and artery and vein in the WKY rat kidney. Whereas Galpha12 was expressed in the ascending limb of Henle, Galpha13 was expressed in the collecting duct and juxtaglomerular cells. In renal proximal tubules, Galpha12 and Galpha13, as with D5 receptors, were expressed in brush border membranes. Laser confocal microscopy revealed the colocalization of D5 receptors with Galpha12 and Galpha13 in rat renal brush border membranes, immortalized rat renal proximal tubule cells, and D5 receptor-transfected HEK293 cells. In these cells, a D1-like agonist, fenoldopam, increased the association of Galpha12 and Galpha13 with D5 receptors, results that were corroborated by immunoprecipitation experiments. We conclude that although both D1 and D5 receptors are linked to Galphas, they are differentially linked to Galpha12 and Galpha13. The consequences of the differential G-protein subunit linkage on D1- and D5-mediated sodium transport remains to be determined.
Solid‐state conformations of medium‐sized‐ring phosphorus heterocycles: Preparation and x‐ray crystal structure of a benzo‐fused 1,3,2‐dioxaphosphepane in a twist conformation (1991)

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the benzo‐fused seven‐membered‐ring phosphorus heterocycle, 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxo‐5,6‐benzo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphepane, has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray techniques. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 /c with four molecules per unit cell of dimensions a = 13.312(1) Å, b = 7.6132(8) Å, c = 12.119(2) Å, and β = 95.990(9)°. Full‐matrix leastsquares refinement led to R = 4.4% and R w = 5.9%. The conformation adopted by the 1,3,2‐dioxaphosphepane ring is a twist with approximate C 2 symmetry.
High pretreatment serum concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor is a predictor of poor prognosis in small cell lung cancer. (2002)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a secreted multifunctional cytokine and a potent stimulator of angiogenesis. We measured bFGF concentrations from serum samples taken from 103 patients with small cell lung cancer at the time of diagnosis. Serum concentration of bFGF (S-bFGF) ranged from undetectable to 54 pg/ml (median, 6 pg/ml). S-bFGF was not associated with age, sex, performance status, or stage. A high pretreatment S-bFGF was associated with poor overall survival. The 1- and 2-year survival rates of the patients within the highest quartile of S-bFGF (>or=17 pg/ml) were only 26% and 11%, respectively, in contrast to the 49% and 20% 1- and 2-year survival rates of those patients with S-bFGF < 17 pg/ml (P = 0.013). The 1- and 2-year survival rates of the patients with extensive-stage disease were 33% and 10%, respectively (P = 0.0091). Interestingly, S-bFGF provided additional prognostic information to the stage because the 1- and 2-year survival rates of patients with extensive-stage disease and a high S-bFGF (>or=17 pg/ml) were as low as 16% and 5%, respectively (P = 0.0026). Similarly, in the multivariate model of survival analysis, patients with both extensive-stage disease and a high S-bFGF (>or=17 pg/ml) were found to have a particularly poor prognosis (relative risk of death, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.6; P = 0.0057). We conclude that a high S-bFGF at diagnosis is associated with poor outcome in small cell lung cancer, possibly reflecting active angiogenesis and rapid tumor growth, and may complement prognostic information obtained by staging.
Resonant Pair–Modes in KI:Rb+ (1974)

Using a molecular model, we have calculated the resonant mode frequencies of tetragonal [110] and rhombic [100] aligned Rb + pairs in KI. The frequencies are found to lie both in the phonon gap and in the acoustic continuum. The results are discussed in relation to the recent work of de Jong et al. on this system.
Role of neurotrophic factors (NTF) and extracellular matrix components (ECM) on VIP expression in the rat enteric nervous system (ENS) (2005)

We studied changes in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression by myenteric neurons during early postnatal development in parallel with maturation of the environment of myenteric neurons, specifically the expression of ECM components and NTF. Although these molecules are known to promote neuronal differentiation [Shetty &amp; Turner, 1998: Sieber-Blum et al. 1981], very little is known about their role in the early postnatal ENS. Sprague-Dawley rats were killed by cervical dislocation. The ileal muscularis externa, including myenteric ganglia, was processed for semi-quantitative RT-PCR at postnatal days P1, P7 and P21 (internal standards: βIII tubulin and PGP9.5). VIP (Fig. 1), nNOS and NT-3 mRNA levels showed a consistent increase between P1 and P21. Although no changes in GDNF mRNA levels were observed, there was an increase in levels of mRNA of its co-receptor, GFRα-1, indicating that the responsiveness of myenteric neurons to GDNF might be enhanced at older ages. Immunofluorescent labelling of ileal cross sections revealed changes in the levels of laminin (peak at P7) and fibronectin (peak at P21). Next, we tested the effect of ECM and NTF on myenteric neurons in cultures of dissociated myenteric ganglia (P7/8) [Schafer et al. 1997]. Changes in cell numbers per unit area of coverslips were measured after double labelling for βIII tubulin and VIP. GDNF, but not NT-3 or BDNF (all at 1 ng/ml), enhanced survival of the overall neuronal population (35-67% increase, n=3 experiments, P&lt;0.02, paired t-test) and the percentage of VIP positive neurons (39-59%, n=3, P&lt;0.02). Elevation of VIP and nNOS mRNA levels after treatment with GDNF was confirmed by RT-PCR. The effect of GDNF on neuronal survival was maintained in the presence of laminin (26-58% increase, n=3, P&lt;0.05) and fibronectin (34-55%, n=3, P&lt;0.012), although neither factor alone influenced neuronal survival. Fibronectin (10-18% increase, n=3, P=0.10), but not laminin (19-81% increase, n=3, P&lt;0.04), reduced the effect of GDNF on the proportion of VIP positive neurons. Our study suggests that GDNF regulates VIP and nNOS expression by myenteric neurons. Fibronectin was found to influence the effect of GDNF on VIP phenotype. Together with the observed changes in the environment of myenteric neurons in the early postnatal gut, our results indicate that both NTF and ECM components are likely to contribute to postnatal development of the ENS.
Radio-Frequency Spectroscopy of a Strongly Interacting Two-Dimensional Fermi Gas (2011)

We realize and study a strongly interacting two-component atomic Fermi gas confined to two dimensions in an optical lattice. Using radio-frequency spectroscopy we measure the interaction energy of the strongly interacting gas. We observe the confinement-induced Feshbach resonance on the attractive side of the 3D Feshbach resonance and find the existence of confinement-induced molecules in very good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Epitaxial growth of β -Ga2O3 on (110) substrate by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2020)

Epitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 films on (110) substrates has been performed via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). The atomic force microscopy scan shows a very low root mean square roughness of 0.08 nm for the surface of the as-received (110) substrates. High-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements reveal a 2.5 nm/min growth rate of β-Ga2O3 films on (110) substrates for conventional PAMBE growth conditions (∼700 °C), which is comparable to that on (010) substrates. The surface morphology of β-Ga2O3 epitaxial films is smooth and has a similar dependence on Ga flux to (010) growth. However, the (110) plane does not have a tendency to show a well-defined step–terrace structure in spite of the appearance of (110) facets in the growth of (010) β-Ga2O3. Indium catalyzed growth was also demonstrated to improve the growth rate up to 4.5 nm/min and increase the maximum growth temperature up to 900 °C of (110) β-Ga2O3.
Shifting the balance of fermentation products between hydrogen and volatile fatty acids: microbial community structure and function (2016)

Fermentation is a key process in many anaerobic environments. Varying the concentration of electron donor fed to a fermenting community is known to shift the distribution of products between hydrogen, fatty acids and alcohols. Work to date has focused mainly on the fermentation of glucose, and how the microbial community structure is affected has not been explored. We fed ethanol, lactate, glucose, sucrose or molasses at 100 me- eq. L<sup>-1</sup>, 200 me- eq. L<sup>-1</sup> or 400 me- eq. L<sup>-1</sup> to batch-fed cultures with fermenting, methanogenic communities. In communities fed high concentrations of electron donor, the fraction of electrons channeled to methane decreased, from 34% to 6%, while the fraction of electrons channeled to short chain fatty acids increased, from 52% to 82%, averaged across all electron donors. Ethanol-fed cultures did not produce propionate, but did show an increase in electrons directed to acetate as initial ethanol concentration increased. In glucose, sucrose, molasses and lactate-fed cultures, propionate accumulation co-occurred with known propionate producing organisms. Overall, microbial communities were determined by the substrate provided, rather than its initial concentration, indicating that a change in community function, rather than community structure, is responsible for shifts in the fermentation products produced.
Managing Innovation to Maximize Value Along the Discovery‐Translation‐Application Continuum (2016)

Success in pharmaceutical development led to a record 51 drugs approved in the past year, surpassing every previous year since 1950. Technology innovation enabled identification and exploitation of increasingly precise disease targets ensuring next generation diagnostic and therapeutic products for patient management. The expanding biopharmaceutical portfolio stands, however, in contradistinction to the unsustainable costs that reflect remarkable challenges of clinical development programs. This annual Therapeutic Innovations issue juxtaposes advances in translating molecular breakthroughs into transformative therapies with essential considerations for lowering attrition and improving the cost-effectiveness of the drug-development paradigm. Realizing the discovery-translation-application continuum mandates a congruent approval, adoption, and access triad.
LONG-TERM MORPHOLOGICAL AND PROTEIN CHANGES IN THE BRAIN OF ADULT RATS NEONATALLY TREATED WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL TOXIN β-N-METHYLAMINO-L-ALANINE (BMAA) (2011)

LONG-TERM MORPHOLOGICAL AND PROTEIN CHANGES IN THE BRAIN OF ADULT RATS NEONATALLY TREATED WITH THE ENVIRONMENTAL TOXIN β-N-METHYLAMINO-L-ALANINE (BMAA)
3Control of Accommodation (2000)

Fixed-focus visual systems are adequate for some purposes. For example, there seems to be no good evidence for accommodation in rodents (Hughes, 1977). Presumably animals such as rats and rabbits have no need to vary accommodation because their visual acuity is low, and even a large defocus of the retinal image does not materially affect their spatial discrimination. Humans and other foveate animals, on the other hand, have high acuity and a behavioural repertoire that includes the need to make fine spatial discriminations at a range of distances, and hence accommodation is necessary.
Human microRNA responses predict cytomegalovirus replication following solid organ transplantation (2016)

MicroRNAs may play a biologically relevant role in controlling HCMV replication post-transplant.
Stability issues in three-phase PWM current/voltage source rectifiers in the regeneration mode (2002)

Pulse-width modulated current-source and voltage-source rectifiers are becoming an interesting alternative as a source of variable DC power. Advantages include reduced line current harmonic distortion and complete displacement power factor control, including reactive power compensation. Consequently, literature has recently reported different control strategies, where the active power flows from the AC mains into the load. Unfortunately, when active power flows from the load into the converter, it is usually dissipated in the DC link by means of switched resistors. Such approach reduces the overall efficiency; specially, when regeneration is the normal operating mode as in down-hill belt conveyors and electrical shovels in mining applications. In these cases, the regenerative operating mode should be permanently sustained. This work reviews several important issues concerning such an operating mode; specifically, the stability of the converter-load system, and stability analysis of closed loop operation. The paper shows that PWM rectifiers controlled by a regular linear controller (such as PIs) may become unstable under the regenerative operating mode and analyses a control strategy to overcome such difficulties. Simulated results confirm the validity of theoretical considerations.
A simple method for labeling CT images with respiratory states (2006)

A method is described for labeling CT images with their respiratory state by a needle, connected to the patient's chest/abdomen. By means of a leverage the needle follows the abdominal respiratory motion. The needle is visible as a blurred spot in every CT slice. The method was tested with nine patients. A series of volume scans during free breathing was performed. The detected positions of the moving needle in every single slice were compared to each other thus enabling respiratory state assignment. The tool is an inexpensive alternative to complex respiratory measuring tools for four dimensional (4D) CT and was greatly accepted in the clinic due to its simplicity.
High-Throughput Virtual Screening of Proteins Using GRID Molecular Interaction Fields (2009)

A new computational algorithm for protein binding sites characterization and comparison has been developed, which uses a common reference framework of the projected ligand-space four-point pharmacophore fingerprints, includes cavity shape, and can be used with diverse proteins as no structural alignment is required. Protein binding sites are first described using GRID molecular interaction fields (GRID-MIFs), and the FLAP (fingerprints for ligands and proteins) method is then used to encode and compare this information. The discriminating power of the algorithm and its applicability for large-scale protein analysis was validated by analyzing various scenarios: clustering of kinase protein families in a relevant manner, predicting ligand activity across related targets, and protein-protein virtual screening. In all cases the results showed the effectiveness of the GRID-FLAP method and its potential use in applications such as identifying selectivity targets and tools/hits for new targets via the identification of other proteins with pharmacophorically similar binding sites.
Current measurement-based detection of load torque changes in a variable speed VSI induction motor drive to support motor diagnostics (2007)

Most spectrum analysis methods used to extract features from the vibration signal measured at the motor frame require the motor to be in the stationary state during the whole measurement. In this paper, the possibility to detect transient states based on the data available in an inverter is studied. The theoretical background is introduced, and practical measurements are carried out. The sensors that exist in the inverter are utilized, and the data is retrieved using ModbusTCP. No modifications to the inverter are required.
Seleninic acids as chalcogen-bond donors: a molecular insight of GPx activity (2021)

Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) [1] is a selenoenzyme containing multiple selenocysteine units in its active site.It catalyses the reduction of harmful peroxides, thus protecting cells from oxidative stress.High concentrations of active peroxides results in an alternative path of the catalytic cycle of GPX, where selenenic acid residues (R-SeOH) undergo oxidation to the corresponding seleninic (R-SeO2H) and selenonic acids (R-SeO3H).In general, synthetic seleninic acids and their sulfurated analogues sulfinic acids (R-SO2H) have been reported as key component in redox regulation [2], exerting in some cases a surprising anticancer activity [3].The reactivity of these moieties may be related to the electrophilic behaviour of selenium and, to a lesser extent, of sulphur.The propensity of an electron rich atom to act as an electrophile is related to the presence of regions of positive electrostatic potential (σholes) on its surface, located on the back-end of the covalent bonds formed by the considered atom.σ-hole interactions are named from the group of the periodic table to which the element behaving as an electrophile belongs; based on this, interactions given by atoms of group 16 are dubbed as Chalcogen Bonds (ChB) [4].Here, we report the controlled oxidation of L-selenocystine (C6H12N2O4Se2) in selenocysteine seleninic acid, which is a simple mimic of GPX activity.This compound was isolated and single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction allowed to an insight at the atomic level of the electrophilic behaviour of selenium.This crystal structure suggests the possible involvement of ChB in the redox regulation activity of the seleninic acid moiety.A survey of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and some computational studies on a small library of these class of compounds may confirm the propensity of seleninic (and sulfinic) acids to act as ChB donors.Figure 1.The three ChBs formed by selenocysteine seleninic acid.Color code: carbon, grey; oxygen, red; nitrogen, violet; sulphur, orange; hydrogen, white.ChBs are depicted as light blue dashed lines.
Identification of eight homeobox-containing transcripts expressed during larval development and at metamorphosis in the gastropod mollusc Haliotis rufescens. (1993)

The red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, is an especially tractable experimental model for studying molecular and cellular changes that occur at metamorphosis, because synchronous settlement and metamorphosis of the planktonic larvae can be induced in the laboratory. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers based on the Drosophila Antennapedia-class homeodomain consensus sequence, eight differentially transcribed homeoboxes were identified from Haliotis larvae prior to and during metamorphosis. These are the first homeoboxes isolated from the phylum Molusca. Five of the partial homeobox sequences presented appear to represent Antennapedia-like genes of the putative Haliotis HOM-C/Hox complex; the remainder show similarity to homeoboxes of divergent classes. Analysis of RNA from a range of early developmental, larval, and metamorphic stages revealed that Antennapedia-like homeobox transcripts are present in trochophore and veliger larvae and in settled individuals undergoing metamorphosis, but not in the egg or early embryo.
Acute and Chronic Effects of Kepone and Mirex on the Fathead Minnow (1981)

Acute and chronic toxicity studies were conducted with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and the organochlorine insecticides Kepone and mirex. Kepone was highly toxic to fathead minnows under acute conditions; 96-hour LC50ˈs (median lethal concentrations; 95% confidence limits in parentheses) were as low as 340 (289–400) μg/liter and 96-hour EC50ˈs (median effective concentrations; 95% confidence limits in parentheses) were as low as 18 (15–22) μg/liter. The observed effect, upon which the EC50 calculations were based, was an extensive hemorrhage associated with an apparent fracture or dislocation of the vertebral column in the region of the dorsal fin. Mirex was not acutely toxic to fathead minnows, even at concentrations that exceeded its maximum water solubility. Chronic toxicity testing indicated that the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration for fathead minnows exposed to Kepone was between 1.2 and 3.1 μg/liter. Adverse chronic effects of mirex were limited to a possible impairment of reproductive success at 34 μg/liter, near the compoundˈs maximum water solubility. Fathead minnows accumulated both Kepone and mirex. Accumulation factors (toxicant concentration in fish tissue divided by toxicant concentration in exposure water) were 1,100–2,200 for Kepone and 12,000–28,000 for mirex, although tissue residues of mirex continued to increase through 120 days of exposure. Tissue residues of Kepone were below detection limits after 7 days of elimination, while 46% of the mirex residues remained in fish after they were held 56 days in mirex-free water.