gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxin Family Peptides and Receptors in Mammalian Brain (2009)

As a foundation for regulatory and functional studies of central relaxin family peptide receptor systems, we are mapping the distribution of the different receptors in the brain of rat, mouse, and nonhuman primates, attempting to identify the nature of the receptor-positive neurons in key circuits and establish the complementary distribution of the respective ligands in these species. Here we review progress in mapping RXFP1, RXFP2, and RXFP3 (mRNAs and proteins) and their respective ligands and discuss some of the putative functions for these peptides and receptors that are being explored using receptor-selective agonist and antagonist peptides and receptor and peptide gene deletion mouse strains. Comparative studies reveal an association of RXFP1 and RXFP2 with excitatory neurons but a differential regional or cellular distribution, in contrast to the association of RXFP3 with inhibitory neurons. These studies also reveal differences in the distribution of RXFP1 and RXFP2 in rat and mouse brain, whereas the distribution of RXFP3 is more conserved across these species. Enrichment of RXFP1/2/3 in olfactory, cortical, thalamic, limbic, hypothalamic, midbrain, and pontine circuits suggests a diverse range of modulatory actions for these receptors. For example, experimental evidence in the rat reveals that RXFP1 activation in the amygdala inhibits memory consolidation, RXFP2 activation in striatum produces sniffing behavior, and RXFP3 modulation has effects on feeding and metabolism, the activity of the septohippocampal pathway, and spatial memory. Further studies are now required to reveal additional details of these and other functions linked to relaxin family peptide receptor signaling in mammalian brain and the precise mechanisms involved.
Epilepsy drug review: patent activity from 1999 to 2002 (2003)

This article summarises the patent activity in the anticonvulsant field for the period 1999 – 2002. Since numerous patents include treatment of epilepsy among their utility claims without direct supporting evidence, the authors have limited the discussion to applications which present efficacy data in one or more animal seizure models or to mechanisms of action for which there is ample literature evidence to support the claims. The various patents are grouped into common mechanistic themes, with additional sections provided for agents which resemble or are derived from known marketed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and for agents which act via unknown mechanisms. A summary of patenting trends and a discussion of the overall impact of patenting activity for this period are provided.
Surgical treatment of prostate cancer (2008)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death of American men [1]. The American Cancer Society estimates that 186,320 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed and that 28,660 men will die from this disease in the United States in 2008 [2]. The widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer screening has led to a substantial decrease in stage at time of diagnosis. Data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program reveal that 91% of diagnosed cancers in the period 1996–2002 were localized to the prostate [1], whereas only 80% are seen in series from previous years. The 5-year expected survival for prostate cancers diagnosed between 1996 and 2002 is 100%, up substantially from 76% between 1984 and 1986 [1]. With today's patients presenting at a younger age and with cancers at a lower stage and lower grade, the management of clinically localized prostate cancer has focused on decreasing the inherent morbidity and long-term consequences of specific therapies. Selecting the optimal therapeutic approach from an array of choices requires individualization of treatment plans based upon risk stratification, the effectiveness of the treatment, and the likelihood that a patient will experience a treatment-related complication.
Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation (2019)

Scintillators emit visible luminescence when irradiated with X-rays. Given the unlimited tissue penetration of X-rays, the employment of scintillators could enable remote optogenetic control of neural functions at any depth of the brain. Here we show that a yellow-emitting inorganic scintillator, Ce-doped Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 (Ce:GAGG), could effectively activate red-shifted excitatory and inhibitory opsins, ChRmine and GtACR1, respectively. Using injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior. Ce:GAGG microparticles were non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, allowing for chronic implantation. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level was sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables less invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals, expanding X-ray applications to functional studies of biology and medicine.
Comparativein vivoandin vitroanalyses of putative virulence factors ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiusing lipopolysaccharide, capsule and flagellin mutants (2009)

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacillus that is the causative agent of melioidosis. We evaluated host-pathogen interaction at different levels using three separate B. pseudomallei mutants generated by insertional inactivation. One of these mutants is defective in the production of the polysaccharide side chains associated with lipopolysaccharide; one does not produce the capsular polysaccharide with the structure -3)-2-O-acetyl-6-deoxy-beta-d-manno-heptopyranose-(1-; and the third mutant does not produce flagellin. We compared the in vivo virulence in BALB/c mice, the in vitro fate of intracellular survival inside human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and macrophages (Mphis) and the susceptibility to killing by 30% normal human serum, reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates and antimicrobial peptides with that of their wild-type counterpart. The lipopolysaccharide and capsule mutants demonstrated a marked reduction in virulence for BALB/c mice, but the flagellin mutant was only slightly less virulent than the parent strain. The results from the BALB/c mice experiments correlated with survival in Mphis. The lipopolysaccharide and capsule mutants were also more susceptible to killing by antimicrobial agents. All bacteria were equally susceptible to killing by PMNs. Altogether, the data suggest that lipopolysaccharide and capsule and, to a much lesser extent, flagella, are most likely associated with the virulence of this bacterium and highlight the importance of intracellular killing by PMNs and Mphis in disease pathogenesis.
The chicken type III GnRH receptor homologue is predominantly expressed in the pituitary, and exhibits similar ligand selectivity to the type I receptor (2009)

Two GnRH isoforms (cGnRH-I and GnRH-II) and two GnRH receptor subtypes (cGnRH-R-I and cGnRH-R-III) occur in chickens. Differential roles for these molecules in regulating gonadotrophin secretion or other functions are unclear. To investigate this we cloned cGnRH-R-III from a broiler chicken and compared its structure, expression and pharmacological properties with cGnRH-R-I. The broiler cGnRH-R-III cDNA was 100% identical to the sequence reported in the red jungle fowl and white leghorn breed. Pituitary cGnRH-R-III mRNA was approximately 1400-fold more abundant than cGnRH-R-I mRNA. Northern analysis indicated a single cGnRH-R-III transcript. A pronounced sex and age difference existed, with higher pituitary transcript levels in sexually mature females versus juvenile females. In contrast, higher expression levels occurred in juvenile males versus sexually mature males. Functional studies in COS-7 cells indicated that cGnRH-R-III has a higher binding affinity for GnRH-II than cGnRH-I (K(d): 0.57 vs 19.8 nM) with more potent stimulation of inositol phosphate production (ED(50): 0.8 vs 4.38 nM). Similar results were found for cGnRH-R-I, (K(d): 0.51 vs 10.8 nM) and (ED(50): 0.7 vs 2.8 nM). The initial rate of internalisation was faster for cGnRH-R-III than cGnRH-R-I (26 vs 15.8%/min). Effects of GnRH antagonists were compared at the two receptors. Antagonist #27 distinguished between cGnRH-R-I and cGnRH-R-III (IC(50): 2.3 vs 351 nM). These results suggest that cGnRH-R-III is probably the major mediator of pituitary gonadotroph function, that antagonist #27 may allow delineation of receptor subtype function in vitro and in vivo and that tissue-specific recruitment of cGnRH-R isoforms has occurred during evolution.
Oncostatin M stimulates the expression and release of the IL-6 receptor in human hepatoma HepG2 cells (1997)

Soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R), which lacks the transmembrane domain, has been suggested to be a potent immunomodulator of IL-6 biologic activity. In this study, the ability of cells of hepatic origin to generate the sIL-6R was investigated. It was found that oncostatin M alone or in combination with the glucocorticoid analogue dexamethasone significantly up-regulated IL-6R release. Oncostatin M appeared to generate the sIL-6R primarily through an alternative splicing mechanism. Since sIL-6R is able to form biologically active complexes with IL-6, the release of the sIL-6R from hepatocytes may be important to sensitize cells lacking the membrane-bound receptor, particularly during an acute phase reaction.
Spin-polarized tunneling in metal-insulator-semiconductor Fe∕ZnSe∕Ga1−xMnxAs magnetic tunnel diodes (2006)

The authors fabricated a metal-insulator-semiconductor (M∕I∕SC) structure Fe∕ZnSe∕Ga1−xMnxAs and observed magnetoresistance (MR) ratios up to 40%. The dependence of differential conductivity on bias voltage exhibited pronounced asymmetry characteristic of a M∕I∕p-SC tunnel diode reflecting the characteristic band structure of Ga1−xMnxAs. The bias voltage (Vhalf), where the MR ratio becomes half the zero-bias value, reached 460mV, which is the highest value yet reported in M∕I∕Ga1−xMnxAs magnetic tunnel junctions (Vhalf&amp;lt;100mV). This large Vhalf and the use of a conventional 3d-ferromagnetic metal is an important first step in giving nonvolatile functionality to the established high-current gain tunnel transistors.
Small -dH/sub c//dT characteristics of CoPt granular and thin film recording media (1998)

The temperature dependence of the coercivity H/sub c/ was measured for CoPt-based thin film, CoPt-SiO/sub 2/ granular film and CoCr-based thin film recording media. All the samples showed a linear decrease in H/sub c/ with temperature, -dH/sub c//dT. It is found that CoPt-based media have smaller -dH/sub c//dT values than CoCr-based one. This means that CoPt-based media have good stability for archival and read/write characteristics at elevated temperatures. From a theoretical discussion, it is also found that CoPt-based thin film and granular media with small activating magnetic moment value are expected to have smaller recording coercivity than CoCr-based media.
Human CD4+ T Cells Specific for Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Localize to Merkel Cell Carcinomas and Target a Required Oncogenic Domain (2019)

Although CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells likely play key roles in antitumor immune responses, most immuno-oncology studies have been limited to CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses due to multiple technical barriers and a lack of shared antigens across patients. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins in 80% of cases. Because MCPyV oncoproteins are shared across most patients with MCC, it is unusually feasible to identify, characterize, and potentially augment tumor-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Here, we report the identification of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses against six MCPyV epitopes, one of which included a conserved, essential viral oncogenic domain that binds/disables the cellular retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor. We found that this epitope (WED<sub>LT209-228</sub>) could be presented by three population-prevalent HLA class II alleles, making it a relevant target in 64% of virus-positive MCC patients. Cellular staining with a WED<sub>LT209-228</sub>-HLA-DRB1*0401 tetramer indicated that specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were detectable in 78% (14 of 18) of evaluable MCC patients, were 250-fold enriched within MCC tumors relative to peripheral blood, and had diverse T-cell receptor sequences. We also identified a modification of this domain that still allowed recognition by these CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells but disabled binding to the Rb tumor suppressor, a key step in the detoxification of a possible therapeutic vaccine. The use of these new tools for deeper study of MCPyV-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells may provide broader insight into cancer-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses.
A wide band wide scanning range multiple beam antenna based on a radiating parallel plate waveguide continuous delay lens beamformer (2017)

International audience
Fronto-Subcortical Circuits for Cognition and Motivation: Dissociated Recovery in a Case of Loss of Psychic Self-Activation (2019)

In humans and non-humans primates, extensive evidence supports the existence of subcortico-cortical circuits for cognition and behavior. Lesions studies are critical to understand the clinical significance of these functionally segregated circuits. Mapping these circuits from lesion studies is difficult given the heterogeneous etiology of the lesions, the lack of long-term and systematic testing of cognitive and behavioral disturbances, as well as the scarcity of neuroimaging data for identifying the precise location and extent of subcortical lesions. Here, we report the long-term follow-up study of a patient who developed a loss of psychic self-activation associated to a dysexecutive syndrome following resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Neuroimaging revealed extensive bilateral lesions in the putamen, with a relative spare of the caudate, and exhibiting a dorsoventral gradient that was predominantly rostrally to the anterior commissure and spared most of the ventral striatum. In comprehensive neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric assessments, we observed dissociation between the improvement of the self-activation deficits and the stability of the dysexecutive syndrome. The pattern of recovery after this lesion lends support to current models proposing the existence of two main subcortico-cortical circuits: a dorsal circuit, mostly mediating cognitive processes, and a ventral circuit, implicated in motivation.
Episcan360: Active Epipolar Imaging for Live Omni-directional Stereo (2019)

Active epipolar imaging simultaneously illuminates and images a scene along epipolar planes. The recent devices based on this principle, such as Episcan [1] and EpiToF [2], significantly reduce the effects of indirect light transport and ambient light, resulting in live capture of high resolution 3D at longer ranges indoors and outdoors. However, these devices are designed for narrow fields of view where lens distortion can be ignored and epipolar plane/line constraints are satisfied. In this work, we extend active epipolar imaging to obtain live-omnidirectional stereo for the first time. Instead of using a 2D sensor/projector, we use a 1D sensor and 1D light sheet source that are placed in a rectified configuration. We observe that when the lens center axis and the sensor are aligned, the distortion is mostly along that axis and epipolar plane constraint remains satisfied. This allows us to use small wide-angle lenses resulting in a compact 1D Episcan. This 1D Episcan is then spun quickly to obtain an near-spherical field of view. Based on this design, we demonstrate a custom-built hand-held working prototype for live capture of omni-directional active stereo images.
Radioautographic Localization of β‐Adrenergic Receptors in the Rat Ventral Prostate (1986)

Previous studies performed with crude homogenates have demonstrated the presence of beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat ventral prostate. The precise localization of these receptors in prostatic tissue, however, has not been determined. The present study describes the localization of beta-adrenergic receptors using in vitro radioautography. beta-adrenergic receptors are present exclusively in the epithelial cells, while no receptors could be detected in the stromal cells. The silver grains mostly are associated with the apical pole of the glandular cells and are much less concentrated in the basal nuclear region of the epithelium. Very low concentrations of grains are found in the lumen of the acini. Castration caused a dramatic fall in the receptor concentration, while treatment with dihydrotestosterone reversed these effects. The specific presence of beta-adrenergic receptors in prostatic epithelial cells and their control by androgens suggest that they could play a physiologic role in androgen action in prostatic tissue. Moreover, the level and activity of beta-adrenergic receptors could be used as parameters of prostatic activity.
Oncolytic Measles Virus Encoding Thyroidal Sodium Iodide Symporter for Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck Radiovirotherapy (2011)

Oncolytic measles virus (MV) encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter (MV-NIS) has proved to be safe after intraperitoneal or intravenous administration in patients with ovarian cancer or multiple myeloma, respectively, but it has not yet been administered through intratumoral injection in humans. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck (SCCHN) usually is locally invasive and spreads to the cervical lymph nodes, which are suitable for the intratumoral administration of oncolytic viruses. To test whether oncolytic MV is an effective treatment for SCCHN, we used oncolytic MV-NIS to infect SCCHN in vitro and in vivo. The data show that SCCHN cells were infected and killed by MV-NIS in vitro. Permissiveness of the tumor cells to MV infection was not affected by irradiation after viral addition. Monitored noninvasively through radioiodine-based single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography, intratumorally virus-delivered NIS has concentrated the radioiodine in the MV-NIS-treated tumors in the FaDu mouse xenograft model of human SCCHN, and the antitumor effect could be boosted significantly (p<0.05) either with concomitant cyclophosphamide therapy or with appropriately timed administration of radioiodine (131)I. MV-NIS could be a promising new anticancer agent that may substantially enhance the outcomes of standard therapy after intratumoral administration in patients with locally advanced SCCHN.
Constructing Hierarchical Porous Zeolites via Kinetic Regulation (2015)

Zeolites are crystalline inorganic solids with microporous structures, having widespread applications in the fields of catalysis, separation, adsorption, microelectronics, and medical diagnosis. A major drawback of zeolites is the mass transfer limitation due to the small size of the micropores (less than 1 nm). Numerous efforts have been dedicated to integrating mesopores with the microporous zeolite structures by using templating and/or destructive approaches. Here we provide a new strategy for hierarchical pore size zeolite synthesis, without using supramolecular or hard templates. The branching epitaxial growth behavior, as a result of aluminum-zoning, contributes to the formation of the hierarchical porous zeolite structures.
Managing traffic-light-duration by exploiting smart antenna technology (MATSAT) for coordinated multiple-intersections (CMI) (2015)

Traffic light control and coordination is a critical function in today's busy roadways. Typical traffic lights have been shifting from fixed timing to ones that are based on a variety of sensors. Several shortcomings have been identified when considering these different approaches. In this paper, we propose smart dynamic traffic lights that can adapt their signaling times (e.g., changes from green to red and vice versa) according to the traffic density, exploiting Direction of Arrival and Timing Advance information transmitted from cell-phones, carried by the car drivers, to smart antennas installed on cellular base stations. The simulation analysis shows that the proposed system has the potential to reduce the queuing delay by 92%. Consequently, such an approach would reduce fuel consumption and pollution by 92% by avoiding queue on traffic signal lights.
A new proof for the stability of equation-error models (1999)

Some previous works have shown that under an autoregressive constraint on the input signal, least-squares equation-error methods provide stable models of the estimated transfer function. We present an alternative proof of this fact which allows one to increase the order of the autoregressive input by one, for both the monic and unit-norm approaches.
Supplemental Figure S4 from MGD011, A CD19 x CD3 Dual-Affinity Retargeting Bi-specific Molecule Incorporating Extended Circulating Half-life for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MGD011 induced malignant B-cell depletion and endogenous T-cell activation in PBMCs from additional CLL patient sample&lt;/p&gt;
Reply: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Degenerative Disease Requiring a Regenerative Approach (2013)

science colleagues-will transform treatment options for patients with IPF in decades to come.
Analysis of Bleeding Site to Identify Associated Risk Factors of Intractable Epistaxis (2021)

The bleeding site of intractable epistaxis is related to hypertension and age. This may improve the identification of the site of intractable epistaxis for timely implementation of treatment and can further strengthen the prevention and treatment of intractable epistaxis in outpatients or family doctors.
Scanning resonant tunneling spectroscopy of fullerene molecules on Si surfaces for carrier density profiling across p-n junctions (2005)

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy were used to investigate a variation of resonant electron tunneling peaks of C60 molecules placed on oxidized Si(100) surfaces that had different impurity profiles. C60-derived resonance peak energy systematically varied depending on the position in the depletion region of lateral Si p-n junctions, indicating that the peak energy can be used for carrier density profiling. The peak energy was determined for uniformly doped substrates with a wide range of phosphorus and boron concentrations. The results were supported by a simple calculation of a one-dimensional tunnel diode.