gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Total Laboratory Automation (2017)

In total laboratory automation (TLA)10, preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases of laboratory testing may be combined into an integrated system such that specimens are processed, tested, and even stored with minimal user intervention. Given the pressures of an ongoing workforce shortage of laboratory professionals, laboratory automation offers an attractive, albeit expensive, solution that laboratories are increasingly considering in planning for future growth and work flow requirements. In an ideal system, TLA handles routine, repetitive steps—leveraging the quality and efficiency obtainable in the manufacturing industry and freeing operators to focus on specialized testing that benefits from their unique training and expertise. A variety of laboratory automation solutions have been available globally for decades, with technologies that have advanced based on engineering innovation and practical trial and error. To address the difficulties and benefits involved in implementing and sustaining TLA in a clinical laboratory setting, we invited a group of 5 experts to share their perspectives on laboratory automation and provide real-world advice based on their experiences with TLA at their respective facilities.

In what ways has automation impacted your clinical laboratory? 



Giuseppe Lippi: Automation has completely revolutionized the organization of my laboratory. The main advantages that we have observed are improved standardization, more simplified and efficient approaches for managing work flow, improvement in the performance of complex tests, better high-volume test management, shorter turnaround time (TAT) by elimination of some manually intensive preanalytical steps, provision of valuable walk-away time, and reduction of personnel costs (i.e., laboratory technicians and subsidiary staff), along with notable reductions in errors and biological risks attributable to manual handling of specimens. Another important advantage is represented by more efficient management of reruns and reflex testing, which can now be performed automatically with little user action needed.



Carey-Ann Burnham: Historically, the clinical microbiology laboratory has lagged …
Question Relatedness on Stack Overflow: The Task, Dataset, and\n Corpus-inspired Models (2019)

Domain-specific community question answering is becoming an integral part of\nprofessions. Finding related questions and answers in these communities can\nsignificantly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of information seeking.\nStack Overflow is one of the most popular communities that is being used by\nmillions of programmers. In this paper, we analyze the problem of predicting\nknowledge unit (question thread) relatedness in Stack Overflow. In particular,\nwe formulate the question relatedness task as a multi-class classification\nproblem with four degrees of relatedness. We present a large-scale dataset with\nmore than 300K pairs. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is the largest\ndomain-specific dataset for Question-Question relatedness. We present the steps\nthat we took to collect, clean, process, and assure the quality of the dataset.\nThe proposed dataset Stack Overflow is a useful resource to develop novel\nsolutions, specifically data-hungry neural network models, for the prediction\nof relatedness in technical community question-answering forums. We adopt a\nneural network architecture and a traditional model for this task that\neffectively utilize information from different parts of knowledge units to\ncompute the relatedness between them. These models can be used to benchmark\nnovel models, as they perform well in our task and in a closely similar task.\n
Role of three chitin synthase genes in the growth of Candida albicans (1996)

The CHS2 and CHS3 genes of Candida albicans were disrupted. The double disruptant was still viable. Assessment of chitin and of calcofluor white resistance shows that CHS1 is responsible for septum formation and CHS3 is responsible for overall chitin synthesis otherwise. There were only small differences in virulence to immunocompromised mice of homozygous chs2 delta amd chs3 delta null mutants.
Geometrically Calibrated Network Models for Progressive Cavity Pump Design (2020)

Summary Linear network models are promisingly simple progressive cavity pump design tools. Current linear network models are difficult to use in the design process because they require calibration against experimental data or computationally intensive simulation. In this paper we present new approaches for implementing linear network progressive cavity pump models and provide new methods to accurately and quickly estimate the values of each resistor in the model from pump geometry for both laminar and turbulent flows. This paper also argues that sealing-line flow transitions from laminar to turbulent at orders of magnitude smaller Reynolds numbers than described in the literature thus far. We propose a new hypothesis for the point of transition to turbulent performance.
Production of H2 by Ethanol Photoreforming on Au/TiO2 (2013)

A deposition‐precipitation method is used to prepare Au/TiO 2 solids (0.45–1.7 wt% Au). These materials, consisting of gold nanoparticles (diameter range = 1.5–6.5 nm) supported on the surface of TiO 2 , are used as photocatalysts for the ethanol photoreforming reaction under either UV‐rich or simulated solar light. The main products of such reactions are H 2 in the gas phase and acetaldehyde in the liquid phase according to the reaction CH 3 CH 2 OH → CH 3 CHO ‐ H 2 . Among the gaseous products, H 2 amounts to around or above 99% in all cases; other minor products found in the gas phase are, in decreasing order of molar production: CH 4 &gt; CO &gt; C 2 H 4 &gt; CO 2 &gt; C 2 H 6 &gt; C 3 H 8 . The photoactivity is lower under CO 2 atmosphere, as compared to analogous reactions performed under Ar. The H 2 production yields are very high (up to a maximum 30 mmol g cat −1 h −1 ) under UV irradiation, and increase with increasing gold loading. The reactions under simulated solar light also yield significant amounts of H 2 (5–6 mmol g cat −1 h −1 ) as the main gaseous product.
Photonic page buffer based on GaAs multiple-quantum-well modulators bonded directly over active silicon complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits (1996)

Owing to printing errors, [Appl. Opt. 35, 2439 (1996)] several figures were illegible. The figures are reprinted and briefly reviewed.
Weighing in on the lean genes. (1995)

By now, it is a cliche to say that obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and other Western countries.
Effect of Malic and Lactic Acid Incorporated Soy Protein Coatings on the Sensory Attributes of Whole Apple and Fresh‐Cut Cantaloupe (2006)

ABSTRACT: Whole apples and fresh‐cut cantaloupe cubes were coated with soy protein + glycerol (SP) films and 2 other films that were demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity in model system, SP + malic acid (MSP), and SP + lactic acid (LSP). Treated apples and cantaloupe cubes were stored at 5°C, and the sensory properties were evaluated with a trained descriptive analysis panelists. Texture and color were also measured with instruments. The sourness of SP‐coated apples was lower than non‐coated, MSP‐coated, and LSP‐coated apples after 28 d of storage. The sweetness of the LSP‐coated cantaloupe cubes was higher than the non‐coated and the MSP‐coated samples at 7 d. The sensory evaluation of the MSP and LSP coatings on the apples and the cantaloupe cubes showed no significant difference in the other attributes of taste and appearance. Although instrumental measurements showed that hardness of the coated apples was higher than that of the non‐coated ones, the panelists did not detect the differences. Instrumental measurements also showed that the hardness of the SP‐coated cantaloupe cubes was lower than the non‐coated, LSP‐coated, and MSP‐coated cantaloupe cubes, and the panelists did not detect the differences. The color of the apples evaluated by panelists was correlated with instrumental color measurements. Organic acid incorporated films (MSP and LSP) did not adversely impact the sensory properties of the tested products. Malic and lactic acids incorporated soy protein film that can be used to coat the whole apple and the fresh‐cut cantaloupes without affecting the sensory properties.
P‐42: A 10 bit Gray Scale Digital‐to‐Analog Converter with an Interpolating Buffer Amplifier for AMLCD Column Drivers (2007)

Abstract A 10 bit digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) with an interpolating buffer amplifier is proposed for AMLCD column drivers. The proposed circuit is more effective than a conventional circuit in decreasing the DAC (Pass‐Transistor Logic) area per channel. The average static current per channel is 1.8 μA and the average interpolating error rate in most of the gray range is a sufficiently small rate of 2.5 % (and less than 0.5 % in the mid‐gray range). The uniformity of the channel output is also guaranteed by the proposed error‐reduction technique.
Supplementary Table 6 from MYC Phosphorylation at Novel Regulatory Regions Suppresses Transforming Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file, 403K, Expression comparison between wild-type MYC and MYC phosphorylation mutants (from Venn diagram)&lt;/p&gt;
Hydrogen refuelling station: filling control protocols development (2006)

This paper describes a concept for fast filling control protocol and algorithm to be implemented in hydrogen refuelling stations which supply hydrogen to vehicles equipped with high pressure on-board storage. Such a protocol is necessary for an optimized and safe refuelling of hydrogen-fuelled vehicles. The filling control algorithm determines the filling conditions (filling speed, pressure at end of fill) for achieving a complete (or as complete as possible) fill within the amount of time made available, without exceeding maximum allowable temperature, nor maximum hydrogen capacity. Th ese conditions are determined considering a reduced number of parameters which are easily made available to the station before the filling. Filling control methods, results and limits are described in the paper.
The Harvard USPTO Patent Dataset: A Large-Scale, Well-Structured, and Multi-Purpose Corpus of Patent Applications (2022)

Innovation is a major driver of economic and social development, and information about many kinds of innovation is embedded in semi-structured data from patents and patent applications. Although the impact and novelty of innovations expressed in patent data are difficult to measure through traditional means, ML offers a promising set of techniques for evaluating novelty, summarizing contributions, and embedding semantics. In this paper, we introduce the Harvard USPTO Patent Dataset (HUPD), a large-scale, well-structured, and multi-purpose corpus of English-language patent applications filed to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) between 2004 and 2018. With more than 4.5 million patent documents, HUPD is two to three times larger than comparable corpora. Unlike previously proposed patent datasets in NLP, HUPD contains the inventor-submitted versions of patent applications--not the final versions of granted patents--thereby allowing us to study patentability at the time of filing using NLP methods for the first time. It is also novel in its inclusion of rich structured metadata alongside the text of patent filings: By providing each application's metadata along with all of its text fields, the dataset enables researchers to perform new sets of NLP tasks that leverage variation in structured covariates. As a case study on the types of research HUPD makes possible, we introduce a new task to the NLP community--namely, binary classification of patent decisions. We additionally show the structured metadata provided in the dataset enables us to conduct explicit studies of concept shifts for this task. Finally, we demonstrate how HUPD can be used for three additional tasks: multi-class classification of patent subject areas, language modeling, and summarization.
Using ratio between breakdown and return stroke intensity for narrowband flash distance estimation (2008)

Using ratio between breakdown and return stroke intensity for narrowband flash distance estimation
Antibody-Functionalized Carnauba Wax Nanoparticles to Target Breast Cancer Cells (2022)

Development of safer nanomedicines for drug delivery applications requires immense efforts to improve clinical outcomes. Targeting a specific cell, biocompatibility and biodegradability are vital properties of a nanoparticle to fulfill the safety criteria in medical applications. Herein, we fabricate antibody-functionalized carnauba wax nanoparticles encapsulated a hydrophobic drug mimetic, which is potentially interesting for clinical use due to the inert and nontoxic properties of natural waxes. The nanoparticles are synthesized applying miniemulsion methods by solidifying molten wax droplets and further evaporating the solvent from the dispersion. The pH-selective adsorption of antibodies (IgG1, immunoglobulin G1, and CD340, an antihuman HER2 antibody) onto the nanoparticle surface is performed for practical and effective functionalization, which assists to overcome the complexity in chemical modification of carnauba wax. The adsorption behavior of the antibodies is studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), which gives thermodynamic parameters including the enthalpy, association constant, and stoichiometry of the functionalization process. Both antibodies exhibit strong binding at pH 2.7. The CD340-decorated wax nanoparticles show specific cell interaction toward BT474 breast cancer cells and retain the targeting function even after 6 months of storage period.
A Luminescent Europium Complex for the Sensitive Detection of Proteins and Nucleic Acids Immobilized on Membrane Supports (1997)

Certain metal complexes selectively interact with proteins immobilized on solid-phase membrane supports to form brightly colored products. Detecting the absorbance of colorimetric stains is limited by the molar extinction coefficient of the product, however. Development of light-emitting complexes should improve detection sensitivity, but fluorescent labels described to date modify free amino, carboxyl, or sulfhydryl groups often rendering proteins unsuitable for further analysis. Bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPSA) forms a luminescent europium (Eu) complex that reversibly binds to proteins and nucleic acids. Analysis of charge-fractionated carrier ampholytes and synthetic polymers of different L-amino acids indicates that protein binding is chiefly through protonated alpha- and epsilon-amino side chains. Proteins or nucleic acids immobilized to a nitrocellulose or polyvinyl difluoride membrane by electroblotting, dot-blotting, or vacuum slot-blotting are incubated with the lanthanide complex at acidic pH. Membranes are rinsed, illuminated with UV light and the phosphorescence of BPSA-Eu is measured at 590 to 615 nm using a CCD camera or spectrofluorimeter. The linear dynamic range of the stain is 476- and 48-fold for protein and DNA, respectively. A strong chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid combined with a shift to basic pH (PH 8-10) elutes BPSA-Eu from the membrane. The reversible nature of the protein staining procedure allows for subsequent biochemical analyses, such as immunoblotting, lectin staining, and mass spectrometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Benzothieno(2,3‐f)‐1,4‐oxazepin‐ and ‐thiazepin‐5(2H)‐ ones and of Benzothieno(3,2‐e)‐1,4‐diazepin‐5‐ones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Speckle in Certain Imaging Applications (2020)

An interesting experiment can be performed with a group of people in a room using a CW laser (even a small laser pointer will do if the beam is expanded a bit and the lights are dimmed). Shine the light from the laser on the wall or on any other planar rough scattering surface and ask the members of the group to remove any eyeglasses they may be wearing (this may be difficult to do for people with contact lenses, in which case they can continue to wear their lenses). Ask all members of the group to look at the scattering spot and to move their heads laterally left to right and right to left several times. Now ask if the speckles in the spot moved in the same direction as their head movement or in the opposite direction to their head movement. Our goal in this section is to give a brief explanation of the results of this experiment.
Analytical Modeling of ASTM Lap Shear Adhesive Specimens (2003)

Advanced composite materials have been widely used in the aviation industry due to their lightweight and high-corrosion resistance. While the aviation industry increasingly uses adhesive bond for airframe composite structures, two issues have become particularly important: certification of adhesives used and certification of adhesive joints. A generally agreed-upon design methodology for adhesive-bonded composite joints, especially the failure criterion, is lacking. Typically, three failure modes of adhesive-bonded composite joints exist: (1) adherend failure, (2) adhesive failure (failure at the adhesive/adherend interface), and (3) cohesive failure (failure within the adhesive layer). A previous report (DOT/FAA/AR-0l/57, 2001) included an analytical model development for adherend failure mode. This report describes the investigation of adhesive and cohesive failure modes. The first part presents the derivation of an analytical model for predicting adhesive stress distribution within the joint specimens of ASTM D 3165. Elastic orthotropic adherends and elastic-perfectly plastic adhesive were used in the model development. The developed stress model was verified with finite element models by comparing the adhesive stress distributions. Failure analysis was conducted based on three failure criteria. Predicted strengths were compared with test data. The second part of the report contains finite element approaches for analyzing adhesive and cohesive failure modes. The equivalent plastic strain and J-integral were used as the failure criteria for cohesive and adhesive failure modes, respectively. Experimental data were used to establish the values of the equivalent plastic strain and the critical value of J-integral. (12 tables, 62 figures, 27 refs.)
Improving the performance of a semi-active suspension at the damping-invariant point (2006)

The problem considered in this paper is the design and analysis of control strategies for semi-active suspensions in road vehicles. In particular, this paper focuses on the analysis of a suspension at the so-called "c-invariant point", namely the working point (in the frequency domain) where the filtering effect of the suspension is invariant with respect to the damping coefficient c of the shock absorber. In this paper it is shown how a fast-acting modulation of the damping coefficient can significantly improve the filtering effect of the suspension even at the c-invariant point. This is an interesting example of fast switching between two linear time-invariant dynamic systems, which results in a time-varying system having better dynamic properties
Organometallchemie in hohen Oxidationsstufen, eine Herausforderung – das Beispiel Rhenium (1988)

Abstract Die Homogenkatalyse als wichtiges industrielles Ventil der metallorganischen Grundlagen‐forschung hat großen Nutzen aus jenen Organoübergangsmetall‐Verbindungen gezogen, die Verknüpfungsreaktionen zwischen Kohlenwasserstoff‐Fragmenten vermitteln. Die meisten kommerziell wichtigen Prozesse zur Herstellung organischer Grundchemikalien spielen sich auffälligerweise an Metallzentren niedriger Oxidationsstufen ab; Beispiele sind die Synthese linearer α‐Olefine (Shell Higher Olefins Process) und linearer Aldehyde (Hydro‐formylierung) sowie die Herstellung von Acetaldehyd (Wacker‐Hoechst), Essigsäure (Monsanto) und Adiponitril (DuPont‐Verfahren der Hydrocyanierung von Butadien). Schon des‐halb ist es kaum überraschend, daß die metallorganische Forschung der vergangenen Jahr‐zehnte vorzugsweise auf das Verständnis und die Verbesserung dieser Katalysereaktionen sowie auf die damit zusammenhängende stöchiometrische Chemie ausgerichtet gewesen ist. Vergleichsweise dürftig sind folglich unsere Kenntnisse über Organometall‐Verbindungen, in denen die Metallatome in hohen Oxidationsstufen vorliegen. So wissen wir selbst inner‐halb einer Verbindungsklasse recht wenig über Beziehungen zwischen hohen und niedrigen Oxidationsstufen. In diesem Aufsatz wird die Chemie von Organorhenium‐Verbindungen in hohen Metall‐Oxidationsstufen exemplarisch beschrieben, und es werden aktuelle Herausforderungen für die metallorganische Forschung aufgezeigt.
14.1: Invited Paper: Development of Plasma Tube Array Technology for Extra‐Large‐Area Displays (2005)

Abstract We developed the basic technology for a plasma tube array that could be used to produce emissive, extra‐large‐area displays. The cell design for high luminous efficacy was developed and luminous efficacy of 5.4 lm/W was achieved for a 20 cm test tubes array. Basic techniques, such as those to produce the tube structure, flexible electrode substrate, drive waveform, were also developed. A high luminous efficacy of 3.7 lm/W and lightweight of 0.6 kg were achieved for a 43‐inches‐diagonal test array.
A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of theN-Terminal Amino Acid Analogue of Nikkomycin B and Bx (1994)

A novel procedure for a highly stereoselective preparation of an analogue of the N-terminal amino acid moiety of nikkomycin B and Bx was developed on the basis of a highly diastereoselective aldol reaction of chiral chromium(0)-complexed benzaldehyde derivative.
Mortality in 7B2 null mice can be rescued by adrenalectomy: Involvement of dopamine in ACTH hypersecretion (2002)

The serine protease prohormone convertase 2 (PC2), principally involved in the processing of polypeptide hormone precursors in neuroendocrine tissues, requires interaction with the neuroendocrine protein 7B2 to generate an enzymatically active form. 7B2 null mice express no PC2 activity and release large quantities of uncleaved ACTH, resulting in a lethal endocrine condition that resembles pituitary Cushing's (Westphal, C. H., Muller, L., Zhou, A., Bonner-Weir, S., Schambelan, M., Steiner, D. F., Lindberg, I. & Leder, P. (1999) Cell 96, 689). Here, we have compared the 7B2 and PC2 null mouse models to determine why the 7B2 null, but not the PC2 null, exhibits a lethal disease state. Both 7B2 and PC2 nulls contained highly elevated pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); the neurointermediate lobe content of ACTH in 7B2 nulls was 13-fold higher than in WT mice; that of the PC2 null was 65-fold higher. However, circulating ACTH levels were much higher in the 7B2 null than in the PC2 null. Because hypothalamic inhibitory dopaminergic control represents the major influence on intermediate lobe proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide secretion, dopamine levels were measured, and they revealed that 7B2 null pituitaries contained only one-fourth of WT pituitary dopamine. Adrenalectomized 7B2 null animals survived past the usual time of death at 5 weeks; a month after adrenalectomy, they exhibited normal levels of pituitary dopamine, circulating ACTH, and corticosterone. Elevated corticosterone, therefore, seems to play a central role in the lethal phenotype of the 7B2 null, whereas a 7B2-mediated dopaminergic deficiency state may be involved in the actual ACTH hypersecretion phenomenon. Interestingly, adrenalectomized 7B2 nulls also developed unexpectedly severe obesity.