gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic associations between glucose and ecological momentary cognition in Type 1 Diabetes (2023)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition characterized by glucose fluctuations. Laboratory studies suggest that cognition is reduced when glucose is very low (hypoglycemia) and very high (hyperglycemia). Until recently, technological limitations prevented researchers from understanding how naturally-occurring glucose fluctuations impact cognitive fluctuations. This study leveraged advances in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and cognitive ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to characterize dynamic, within-person associations between glucose and cognition in naturalistic environments. Using CGM and EMA, we obtained intensive longitudinal measurements of glucose and cognition (processing speed, sustained attention) in 200 adults with T1D. First, we used hierarchical Bayesian modeling to estimate dynamic, within-person associations between glucose and cognition. Consistent with laboratory studies, we hypothesized that cognitive performance would be reduced at low and high glucose, reflecting cognitive vulnerability to glucose fluctuations. Second, we used data-driven lasso regression to identify clinical characteristics that predicted individual differences in cognitive vulnerability to glucose fluctuations. Large glucose fluctuations were associated with slower and less accurate processing speed, although slight glucose elevations (relative to person-level means) were associated with faster processing speed. Glucose fluctuations were not related to sustained attention. Seven clinical characteristics predicted individual differences in cognitive vulnerability to glucose fluctuations: age, time in hypoglycemia, lifetime severe hypoglycemic events, microvascular complications, glucose variability, fatigue, and neck circumference. Results establish the impact of glucose on processing speed in naturalistic environments, suggest that minimizing glucose fluctuations is important for optimizing processing speed, and identify several clinical characteristics that may exacerbate cognitive vulnerability to glucose fluctuations.
InAlN/GaN HEMTs on Si With High ${{f}}_{\text {T}}$ of 250 GHz (2017)

In this letter, InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with 40-200 nm rectangular gates and 300-700 nm source-to-drain distances were fabricated on Si substrates. The device with 40-nm gate and 300-nm source-to-drain distance exhibited a high drain current of 2.66 A/mm, a transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) of 438 mS/mm, and a high current gain cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) of 250 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> value reported so far for GaN-based transistors on Si. An effective electron velocity of 1.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> cm/s was extracted, which is comparable with those reported for InAlN/GaN HEMTs on SiC. These excellent results indicate that GaN HEMTs on Si have a great potential for low-cost emerging mm-Wave applications.
KRAS Activation and over-expression of SIRT1/BCL6 Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Progesterone Resistance (2020)

Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition that is associated with progesterone resistance and cell proliferation, resulting in pain, infertility and pregnancy loss. We previously demonstrated phosphorylation of STAT3 in eutopic endometrium of infertile women with this disorder leading to over-expression of the oncogene BCL6 and stabilization of hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Here we report coordinated activation of KRAS and over-expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a histone deacetylase and gene silencer, in the eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle. The mice with conditional activation of KRAS in the PGR positive cells reveal an increase of SIRT1 expression in the endometrium compared to control mice. The expression of progesterone receptor target genes including the Indian Hedgehog pathway genes are significantly down-regulated in the mutant mice. SIRT1 co-localizes with BCL6 in the nuclei of affected individuals and both proteins bind to and suppress the promoter of GLI1, a critical mediator of progesterone action in the Indian Hedgehog pathway, by ChIP analysis. In eutopic endometrium, GLI1 expression is reduced in women with endometriosis. Together, these data suggest that KRAS, SIRT1 and BCL6 are coordinately over-expressed in eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis and likely participate in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of Deoxymannojirimycin and Mannonolactam from L‐Gulonolactone. Synthesis of L‐Deoxymannojirimycin and L‐Mannonolactam from D‐Gulonolactone. (1989)

Abstract Starting from L‐gulonolactone (I) the deoxymannojirimycin (VIII) is prepared in eight steps in 25% overall yield.
AI and photonics (Conference Presentation) (Withdrawal Notice) (2019)

Publisher’s Note: This conference presentation, originally published on 9 September 2019, was withdrawn on 29 October 2019 per author request.
Oscillatory magnetic coupling and magnetoresistance in Co/Re superlattices (1992)

We have studied the magnetoresistance (MR) properties of sputtered Si/Re 50Å[Co 20 Å/Re x Å]40 superlattices with xRe=3–32 Å. Transverse and longitudinal MR exhibit oscillation of the interlayer coupling as a function of Re layer thickness with a period of ≂12 Å and a maximum transverse MR of ≂1.2% for xRe=5 Å at 4.2 K. The saturation magnetic field Bs and MR magnitude ΔR/R for samples with xRe=5 and 7 Å are nearly constant up to 40 K, above which they decrease approximately linearly with increasing temperature. In addition, the perpendicular MR in magnetic fields up to 1 T changes sign from negative for samples with xRe≤7 Å (strong antiferromagnetic coupling) to positive for those with xRe≥10 Å.
Functional and Histological Assessment of Volumetric Muscle Injury Repair Using Bioengineered Skeletal Muscle Constructs (2011)

There are no effective clinical treatments for the physiological deficits (volumetric muscle loss, VML) resulting from traumatic injury, tumor excision, or other degenerative diseases of skeletal muscle. The goal of this study was to develop clinically relevant tissue engineered skeletal muscle (TE-SKM) for VML repair and to assess the functional and histological restoration of a VML defect in a mouse Lattissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. TESKM constructs developed by seeding rat muscle precursor cells on porcine bladder acellular matrix were preconditioned in bioreactor for one week and implanted in nu mice (for one/two months) to repair a VML defect created by excising 50% LD. Muscle repaired with TE-SKM recovered ~72% of the isometric tetanic force observed in native muscles within two months (22.7 ± 2 g vs. 31.5 ± 1 g) and was significantly greater when no repair (14.2 ± 2 g) or repair with scaffold (14.6 ± 2 g) was performed. At two months, TE-SKM constructs displayed morphologically mature skeletal muscle fibers with desmin positive staining, vascularization, innvervation and neurovascular bundle. While further studies are ongoing, these encouraging initial observations document significant functional and structural recovery within 2 months of implantation of TE-SKM and provide clear “proof of concept” for the applicability of this technology. Funding: AFIRM.
Studies on ergothioneine. VII. Some effects of ergothioneine on glycolytic metabolism in red blood cells from rats. (1982)

The lactate level in red blood cells from rats administered ergothioneine by i.p. injection for 7 d (1.6 mg/kg/d) then starved for 24 h was maintained at the normal level, whereas that of the control group (no ergothioneine) decreased to 60%. No effect of ergothioneine administration was observed on the lactate level in red blood cells when rats were fed ad libitum. Addition of 10-3 M ergothioneine to either a suspension or a hemolysate of red blood cells from intact rats accelerated lactate formation. Moreover, the amounts of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) in red blood cells decreased to 74% and 51% of the control level respectively. The amount of pyruvate in red blood cells did not change. It is suggested that ergothioneine had the effect of accelerating the glycolytic metabolism in red blood cells, or effected an increase in the permeability of red blood cells to glucose.
An alternative cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta 3 subunit. (1989)

A cDNA encoding a new form of the shared beta subunit (beta 3) of the platelet integrin gpIIb/IIIa and the vitronectin receptor was isolated from a placental cDNA library by screening with a beta 3 (gpIIIa) DNA probe. This beta 3 variant differs from the previously reported beta 3 in that the cytoplasmic domain is 8 amino acids shorter and has an alternative, 13-amino acid COOH-terminal peptide. The 3' untranslated region of the cDNA also differs from the previously reported sequence, while the region coding for the transmembrane domain and extracellular domain is identical to it. Reverse transcription combined with polymerase chain reaction was used to show that human placental tissue and two human cell lines contain the variant mRNA. The sequences of the cDNAs for the previously known beta 3 and the variant beta 3 described here suggest that the difference between the cytoplasmic domains of these subunits arises as a result of an alternative mRNA splicing. These cytoplasmic domains may provide alternative means for the beta 3 integrins to interact with cytoskeletal components.
Transformer Eddy Current Dampers for the Vibration Control of Rotating Machines (2006)

Eddy current dampers are promising devices for the passive and semi-active vibration control of mechanical structures. Among them “motional” eddy current dampers are based on the Lorentz forces between a moving conductor and a stationary magnetic field. “Transformer” eddy current dampers are based on the forces that develop in a voltage driven electromagnet when part of the magnetic circuit is movable. Considering the simplicity of the layout, transformer configurations seem to be very promising as alternative to traditional rubber or squeeze film dampers to control the lateral vibration of rotating machines. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the dynamic behavior of “transformer” eddy current dampers integrated in a mechanical structure. To this end the bond graph formalism is adopted with the aim of evidencing the causality effects between the mechanical and electromagnetic parts. The modeling approach allows to propose a design procedure of the damper. The mathematical models have been validated experimentally using two test benches with different layouts and geometrical characteristics of the magnetic circuit.
On the conceptual project of an environmental management system at a pharmaceutical biotechnology enterprise (2023)

In our opinion, the ability to prevent or avoid negative impact on the environment by pharmaceutical industry organizations in normal situations fully depends on the environmental management system of the quality management system of the production enterprise. During the work, according to the set goals and objectives, an analysis of the accounting and reporting documentation of pharmaceutical manufacturers was carried out based on environmental international and domestic regulatory acts and documents in the paradigm of sustainable development. We have proposed a Conceptual project of an environmental management system in the form of a block diagram of nature conservation documentation for category II hazardous waste facilities of pharmaceutical biotechnology enterprises. Individual documents and document templates were developed in such a way as to cover the most common accounting and reporting documents filled out by a pharmaceutical industry production enterprise based on principles of social responsibility in environmental protection. It is necessary to note the relevance of introducing and balancing non-financial and financial reporting in the quality management system of pharmaceutical production enterprises, taking into account their social responsibility and personnel work. The results obtained can be used in the quality management system of pharmaceutical industry organizations - drug manufacturing enterprises using biological and chemical technologies when implementing projects during the development of nature conservation documentation for environmental management system projects with the aim of developing a project for social responsibility and non-financial reporting, not just for public joint-stock companies.
[Contributions of immunogenic cell death to the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapy]. (2011)

Immunogenic cell death, characterized by calreticulin exposure on the surface of the dying cell, release of the nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and release of ATP, enables stimulation of the immune system. We outlined the importance of this kind of cell death for the success of some anticancer chemotherapies. However, defects in the immunogenic cell death signalling pathway can lead to therapeutic failure, apparently because anticancer immune responses must contribute to the efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimens. These defects can be related to the therapy, the tumour cell, the host or the tumour-host interface. It is necessary to characterize these defects to restore and improve the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapies.
Production of Palm Oil Carotenoid Concentrate and its Potential Application in Nutrition (1992)

Crude palm oil is known to be the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (provitamin A) equivalents. Currently, however, these carotenoids are destroyed during physical refining of the oil. In view of the physiological importance of these carotenoids, various methods of isolation have been attempted and these include saponification, urea inclusion, selective solvent extraction, adsorption, molecular distillation and transesterification followed by distillation of esters. This paper will describe the processes developed in PORIM which yield carotenoid concentrates of > 80,000 ppm. These are based on (a) adsorption and (b) molecular distillation methods. Another method for the production of red palm oil will also be described. Chemical analysis of the carotenoid concentrates and red palm oil reveals eleven components viz α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, α-zeacarotene, β-zeacarotene, ς-carotene, γ-carotene, δ-carotene and neurosporene. The presentation of the carotenoid concentrate in different forms (capsules, powder and emulsion) has been developed and the stability of carotenoids in these forms has been evaluated. Toxicological tests showed that the carotenoid concentrate is safe. A review of the biological activities of these carotenoids e.g. their ability to quench singlet oxygen, anti-tumour activity and anti-atherosclerotic activity, is presented.
Spironaphthoxazine switchable dyes for biological imaging (2018)

Recent developments in super-resolution microscopy have significantly expanded the requirements for switchable dyes, leading to demand for specially designed molecular switches. We report the synthesis and characterization of a spironaphthoxazine photochromic switch (a derivative of palatinate purple) displaying high photoconversion (85-95%) under readily accessible 405 nm light, broad absorption in the visible, and excellent fatigue resistance. The indole substituent on this spironaphthoxazine is twisted out of conjugation with the naphthalene unit, yet it is crucial for activation with visible light. The open colored merocyanine form of the spironaphthoxazine reverts to the closed form with a lifetime of 4.7 s in dichloromethane at 20 °C; this thermal reversion is even faster in more polar solvents. The photochemical quantum yields for ring-opening and ring-closing are approximately 8% and 1%, respectively, in dichloromethane. The ring-opening and ring-closing reactions have been characterized by time-resolved infrared and transient absorption spectroscopies. Ring opening occurs rapidly (<i>τ</i> = 2.1 ns) and efficiently (∼90%) from the singlet excited state to form an intermediate (assigned as a cisoid merocyanine), which returns to the closed ground state (<i>τ</i> = 4.5 ns) in competition with relaxation to the transoid open form (<i>τ</i> = 40 ns). Photochemical ring closing is a faster and simpler process: the excited state proceeds to the closed spirooxazine with a time constant of 0.28 ns. This photochromic switch can be used in conjunction with commercial fluorescent dyes to create a small-molecule switchable fluorescent dyad that shows high contrast and good fatigue resistance in living cells. These properties make the dyads suitable for application in RESOLFT microscopy.
Instability to Rupture of Anisotropic Viscoelastic Membranes: Dispersion Equation and Effects of Surface Elasticity and Viscosity (1987)

Abstract Instabilities of surface fluctuation waves can lead to rupture of liquid crystaline bilayer membranes. On the basis of the assumptions used in our previous works we derived the equations describing the instability of rupture of anisotropic, viscoelastic membranes under tension, in electric fields, and for arbitrary surface elasticities and viscosities. The surface elasticities increase the stability of the membrane, while the membrane tension destabilize it. External electric and mechanical constraints increase the rate of growth of the fluctuation waves. The fluctuation wave mechanism can describe at least qualitatively the experimental data for the time and tension dependence of the critical potential of rupture.
Forensic Virtual Autopsies by Direct Volume Rendering [DSP Applications] (2007)

This paper presents state-of-the-art methods, which address the technical challenges in visualizing large three-dimensional (3D) data and enable rendering at interactive frame rates.
[Ophthalmolgy: what's new in 2015?]. (2016)

Whilst imaging methods are developed allowing non-invasive analysis and quantification of corneal nerves, retinal nerve fibers and retinal vessels, the eye is considered as an open window on the nervous and vascular system. In the field of therapies, macular edema can be reduced using several drugs with different mechanisms of action and different kinetics. Artificial retina is now available in Switzerland and gene therapy continues to develop but should still be considered rather as a research tool than as a treatment. Finally, the more striking discovery of the year is probably the reversion of cataract by Lanosterol drops: towards the end of cataract surgery?
Gasdermin-E mediates mitochondrial damage in axons and neurodegeneration (2022)

Summary Mitochondrial dysfunction and axon loss are hallmarks of neurologic diseases. Gasdermin (GSDM) proteins are executioner pore-forming molecules that mediate cell death, yet their roles in the central nervous system (CNS) are not well understood. Here, we find that one GSDM family member, GSDME is expressed by both mouse and human neurons. GSDME plays a role in mitochondrial damage and axon loss. Mitochondrial neurotoxins induced caspase-dependent GSDME cleavage and rapid localization to mitochondria in axons, where GSDME promoted mitochondrial depolarization, trafficking defects, and neurite retraction. The frontotemporal dementia (FTD)/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated proteins TDP-43 and PR-50 induced GSDME-mediated damage to mitochondria and neurite loss. GSDME deficiency prolonged survival, ameliorated motor dysfunction, and rescued motor neuron loss in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of ALS. GSDME knockdown also protected against neurite loss in ALS patient iPSC-derived motor neurons. Thus, we identify GSDME as an executioner of neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction that contributes to neurodegeneration. Graphical Abstract Highlights GSDME is expressed by neurons and activated by mitochondrial neurotoxins Activated GSDME drives axonal mitochondrial damage and neurite loss prior to cell death ALS/FTD associated TDP-43 and PR-50 induces GSDME-driven neurite loss in mouse and human iPSC-derived neurons. SOD1 G93A mice show ameliorated disease progression and motor neuron loss in absence of GSDME
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. DCLII. SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,3,4,4A,10B‐HEXAHYDRO‐6H‐DIBENZO(B,D)PYRAN DERIVATIVES (1976)

Abstract Aus dem Cyclohexanon (I) wird die Carbonsäure (II) dargestellt, die über die Hydroxycarbonsäure (III) und die Hydroxycarbonsäureamide (IV) in die Amine (V) übergeführt wird.
Zero Static Power Dissipation Biasing of RSFQ Circuits (2011)

We present a novel, resistor-free approach to dc biasing of RSFQ circuits, known as Energy-efficient RSFQ (ERSFQ). This biasing scheme does not dissipate energy in the static (non-active) mode, and dissipates orders of magnitude less power than traditional RSFQ while operating. Using this approach, we have designed, fabricated and successfully tested at low and high speed a D flip-flop with complementary outputs and several static frequency dividers. We present the method, demonstrate experimental results, and discuss future implementations of ERSFQ.
Serotonin receptor agonists in the acute treatment of migraine: a review on their therapeutic potential (2018)

Migraine is an important socioeconomic burden and is ranked the sixth cause of years of life lost because of disability in the general population and the third cause of years of life lost in people younger than 50 years. The cornerstone of pharmacological treatment is represented by the acute therapy. The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) receptor subtype 1<sub>B</sub>/1<sub>D</sub> agonists, called triptans, are nowadays the first-line acute therapy for patients who experience moderate-to-severe migraine attacks. Unfortunately, a high percentage of patients are not satisfied with this acute treatment, either for lack of response or side effects. Moreover, their mechanism of action based on vasoconstriction makes them unsuitable for patients with previous cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases and for those with uncontrolled hypertension. Since the introduction of triptans, no other acute drug class has passed all developmental stages. The research for a new drug lacking vasoconstrictive effects led to the development of lasmiditan, a highly selective 5-HT1<sub>F</sub> receptor agonist with minimized interactions with other 5-HT receptor subtypes. Lasmiditan is considered to be the first member of a new drug category, the neurally acting anti-migraine agent (NAAMA). Phase II and III trials had shown superiority compared to placebo and absence of typical triptan-associated adverse events (AEs). Most of the AEs were related to the central nervous system, depending on the high permeability through the blood-brain barrier and mild to moderate severity. The results of ongoing long-term Phase III trials will determine whether lasmiditan will become available in the market, and then active triptan comparator studies will assess patients' preference. Future studies could then explore the safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding or the risk that overuse of lasmiditan leads to medication overuse headache.
Reseña de: Chrissanthos, Stefan G., The Year of Julius and Caesar: 59 BC and the Transformation of the Roman Republic (2020)

Reseña de: Chrissanthos, Stefan G., The Year of Julius and Caesar: 59 BC and the Transformation of the Roman Republic, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2019, 179 pp., ISBN: 978-1421429700
Full Oxy Conversion of a Float Furnace Equipped with Separated Jets ALGLASS FC Burners: From 0D Model to 3D Characterization (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Alglass FC Burners Numerical Tools Results Conclusions AcknowledgementS