gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoredox catalysis under shear using thin film vortex microfluidics (2015)

A microfluidic vortex fluidic device (VFD) operating in either confined or continuous mode is effective in high yielding photoredox reactions involving Rose Bengal, with short reaction times. This processing can be translated to multi-components reactions, also with significantly reduced processing times relative to batch processing and channel microfluidic processing, with comparable or improved yields.
Detection of B7-H4 and p53 in Pancreatic Cancer (2008)

B7-H4 was expressed more often in PDA than was p53. Despite potentially problematic expression in benign/normal cells, the 2 markers target different cellular components and demonstrate potential diagnostic use for detection of PDA in resected and EUS-FNA specimens.
Data from Ganitumab (AMG 479) Inhibits IGF-II–Dependent Ovarian Cancer Growth and Potentiates Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-IR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Ganitumab is an investigational, fully human monoclonal antibody against IGF-IR. Here, we explore the therapeutic potential of ganitumab for the treatment of ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The effects of ganitumab were tested &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; against a panel of 23 established ovarian cancer cell lines. The ability of ganitumab to inhibit IGF-I–, IGF-II–, and insulin-mediated signaling was examined &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and in tumor xenografts using ovarian cancer models displaying IGF-IR/PI3K/AKT pathway activation by two distinct mechanisms, PTEN loss and IGF-II overexpression. Drug interactions between ganitumab and cisplatin, carboplatin, or paclitaxel were studied &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt;, growth inhibition varied significantly among individual ovarian cancer cell lines. IGF-II mRNA and phospho–IGF-IR protein expression were quantitatively correlated with response to ganitumab, and PTEN mutations conferred resistance to ganitumab. Ganitumab potently inhibited baseline and IGF-I–, IGF-II–, and insulin-induced IGF-IR and IGF-IR/insulin hybrid receptor signaling &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Synergistic and additive drug interactions were seen for ganitumab and carboplatin or paclitaxel &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Furthermore, ganitumab significantly increased the efficacy of cisplatin in ovarian cancer xenograft models &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; These observations provide a biologic rationale to test ganitumab as a single agent or in combination with carboplatin/cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer. Moreover, assessment of tumor expression of IGF-II, phospho–IGF-IR, or PTEN status may help select patients with ovarian cancer who are most likely to benefit from ganitumab. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2947–58. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Gas-phase ion/molecule isotope-exchange reactions: methodology for counting hydrogen atoms in specific organic structural environments by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase ion/molecule isotope-exchange reactions: methodology for counting hydrogen atoms in specific organic structural environments by chemical ionization mass spectrometryDonald F. Hunt and Satinder K. SethiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 23, 6953–6963Publication Date (Print):November 5, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00543a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00543a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FPGA-Based AI Smart NICs for Scalable Distributed AI Training Systems (2022)

Training state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) models requires scaling to many compute nodes and relies heavily on collective communication operations, such as all-reduce, to exchange the weight gradients between nodes. The overhead of these operations can bottleneck training performance as the number of nodes increases. In this paper, we first characterize the all-reduce operation overhead. Then, we propose a new smart network interface card (NIC) for distributed AI training using field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to accelerate all-reduce operations and optimize bandwidth utilization via data compression. The AI smart NIC frees up the system's compute resources to perform the more compute-intensive tensor operations and increases the overall node-to-node communication efficiency. We build a prototype 6-node AI training system and show that our proposed FPGA-based AI smart NIC enhances overall training performance by 1.6×, with an estimated 2.5× performance improvement at 32 nodes.
MicroRNA Antagonism of the Picornaviral Life Cycle: Alternative Mechanisms of Interference (2010)

In addition to modulating the function and stability of cellular mRNAs, microRNAs can profoundly affect the life cycles of viruses bearing sequence complementary targets, a finding recently exploited to ameliorate toxicities of vaccines and oncolytic viruses. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying microRNA-mediated antiviral activity, we modified the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of Coxsackievirus A21 to incorporate targets with varying degrees of homology to endogenous microRNAs. We show that microRNAs can interrupt the picornavirus life-cycle at multiple levels, including catalytic degradation of the viral RNA genome, suppression of cap-independent mRNA translation, and interference with genome encapsidation. In addition, we have examined the extent to which endogenous microRNAs can suppress viral replication in vivo and how viruses can overcome this inhibition by microRNA saturation in mouse cancer models.
Molecular MRI of Acute Necrosis With a Novel DNA-Binding Gadolinium Chelate (2011)

Gd-TO specifically binds to acutely necrotic cells and can be used to image the mechanism and chronicity of cell death in injured myocardium. Cell rupture in acute MI begins early but peaks many hours after the onset of injury. The ruptured cells are efficiently cleared by the immune system and are no longer present in the myocardium 72 hours after injury.
Focused Kerr measurements on patterned arrays of exchange biased square dots (2014)

Microstructural effects on the antiferromagnetic layer were investigated on IrMn/Co exchange biased square dots. IrMn grain size and distributions were tuned by changing Cu buffer layer or IrMn thicknesses. Lateral dimensions from 200 to 50nm were varied. Exchange bias (Hex) variability was analysed through focused Kerr measurements on small groups of dots. Patterned samples presented average exchange bias values following the trends and values of full sheet samples. Concerning the dot to dot behaviour, it resulted that IrMn microstructure variations have minor effects on Hex variability, because no particular trend is observed as a function of grain size and distribution. The variability is attributed to geometry variation and Co intrinsic variability.
Acute vascular effects of the selective estrogen receptor modulator EM-652 (SCH 57068) in the rat mesenteric vascular bed (2003)

EM-652 acutely relaxes the mesenteric vasculature by an endothelium-independent pathway which is partly mediated by ER, providing a novel mechanism by which this SERM may exert beneficial actions on the vascular system.
OS02W0428 Quality assurance techniques of amorphous bonded joint (2003)

In the coupling of oilfield tubes bonded by the amorphous bonding method, quality assurance techniques have been studied in process after process. During the bonding, an ultrasonic wave was propagated toward the bonding interface and the changes in the amplitude of reflection were monitored. As a result, the bonding processes including a phase transformation of the mother materials and the dissolution of filler material were identified. Using the information, measurement errors of a radiation thermometer can be corrected in real time and the bonding states of the local area of the bond can also be observed by the convergence nature of the ultrasonic beam. After the bonding, height of the steps at the interface, grain size and hardness of the heat-affected zone were evaluated by an ultrasonic method in addition to the conventional pulse echo inspection. As a result, 100% of defective joints, in which breakage had occurred by the expansion test, were distinguished.
To Replace or Not to Replace: A Systematic Approach to Respond to Device Advisories (2008)

Pacemaker-dependent patients and those with high arrhythmic risk (>or=25% annually) when having "advisory" devices with high failure rate (>or=1%) have an NNR <250 and, hence, could be considered for device replacement. Conversely, patients with arrhythmic risk <or=2.5% per year and those with devices having failure rates <or=0.1% have a high NNR or even risk of "harm" from device replacement. In all the intermediate cases, the NNR will quantify the benefit/risk ratio of replacement, thus helping physicians and patients decide on the preferred approach. The NNR methodology proposed here is also applicable to advisory notices issued to leads, but the high morbidity associated with lead replacement will generally rule out interventions to replace leads.
On the Need for Signal-Coherent Watermarks (2006)

Digital watermarking has been introduced in the 1990s as a complementary technology for copyright protection. In an effort to anticipate hostile behavior of adversaries, the research community is constantly introducing new attacks to benchmark watermarking systems. In this paper, we present a generic attack strategy based on block replacement. As multimedia content is often highly repetitive, the attack exploits signal's self-similarities to replace each signal block with another, perceptually similar one. Guided by the principles of the proposed attack framework, we implemented three attack algorithms for different types of multimedia content: video shots, audio tracks and still images. Finally, considering the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, we identify the properties that a watermark should have to counter this attacking strategy
An innovative course on real-time digital signal processing applications (2002)

This paper presents an innovative undergraduate real-time digital signal processing (DSP) course, Digital Signal Processors, which emphases hands-on experiments and practical applications. It enables students to experiment with sophisticated DSP applications to augment the theoretical, conceptual and analytical material provided in their first DSP course, Digital Filter Design. The inclusion of both software and hardware developmental experiences permits undergraduates to undertake a wide range of real-time DSP projects in their required Senior Engineering Design course. This paper briefly introduces representative examples of some challenging DSP applications such as acoustic echo cancellation, active noise control and image compression.
Optimized winding and connection concept for an integrated BLDC-motor drive (2014)

The ongoing electrification of the automobile is not limited in substituting only the combustion engine. There is also an enormous impact on the development of auxiliary devices. So far it was common to use small DC-motors as actuator for the low power applications such as window openers, seat adjusters or ventilators. Meanwhile, also influenced by the ongoing discussion to increase the on-board voltage to 48 V, even former belt driven auxiliary devices with high energy consumption are being replaced by highly optimized mechatronic modules driven by BLDC-motors. Since these components are produced in a large volume and have to fulfill severe requirements regarding product performance, manufacturability and cost, a multi-domain optimization on system level is important. This article describes one aspect of the optimization process regarding the winding and connection concept of the BLDC-motor.
Advanced sensors for real-time control of combustion in advanced natural-gas reciprocating engines. (2002)

No abstract prepared.
Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma: more than a disease of T follicular helper cells (2017)

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is one of the most frequent entities of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. An AITL has two components: the AITL tumour cells, which have a T follicular helper (TFH) cell phenotype, and a surrounding and extensive tumour microenvironment that is populated with various reactive cell types, including B cells. Recurrent TET2 mutations have been described in 50-80% of AITLs, possibly occurring in a haematopoietic progenitor cell. An article published recently in the Journal of Pathology describes the use of microdissection to isolate PD1<sup>+</sup> AITL tumour cells and CD20<sup>+</sup> B cells from the AITL microenvironment, and to show that TET2 mutations are actually more frequent in these diseases than previously thought. Whereas TET2 mutations were detected in only six of 13 AITLs, 12 of 13 samples of microdissected PD1<sup>+</sup> AITL tumour cells possessed this mutation. Moreover, TET2 mutations were detected in CD20<sup>+</sup> B cells from the AITL microenvironment in six of nine informative cases. These results confirm that TET2 mutation is an early event in the majority of AITL cases, and that the driving molecular anomalies are not restricted to the T lineage tumour cells. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COMSOL modelling of the acoustoelastic effect (2015)

Many structural components are subjected to either constant or temporal mechanical loads, such as a suspension bridge bolts and rail tracks. Methods are required to accurately and efficiently measure the stresses experienced by these components to ensure they can continue to operate in an effective and safe manner. Acoustic techniques can be used to monitor the stress in a solid material via the acoustoelastic effect. This is the stress dependence of the acoustic velocity in an elastic media. This work develops a multiphysics computational model to study the acoustoelastic effect in a three point bending system. A simple linear relationship was utilised to represent the stress effect on the acoustic velocity. The simulation results were compared with experimental results and the same general trend was observed. An increase in applied load resulted in a greater difference between the time of flight of two transducers at the top and bottom of a component and perpendicular to the applied load. However, there were quantitative differences between the model and the experiment. The model was used to investigate different ultrasound transducer location and operating frequency, highlighting the benefit of modelling tools for the design of acoustic equipment.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Aryl Hydrazides by Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Hydrazides with Aryl Iodides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Orchestrated Triple CH Activation Reactions Using Two Directing Groups: Rapid Assembly of Complex Pyrazoles (2015)

A sequential triple C-H activation reaction directed by a pyrazole and an amide group leads to the well-controlled construction of sterically congested dihydrobenzo[e]indazole derivatives. This cascade reaction demonstrates that the often problematic competing C-H activation pathways in the presence of multiple directing groups can be harvested by design to improve step economy in synthesis. Pyrazole as a relatively weak coordinating group is shown to direct Csp3-H activation for the first time.
Hydrides (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Hydrides of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals 2.1. General 2.2. Lithium Hydride 2.3. Sodium Hydride 2.4. Potassium Hydride 2.5. Beryllium Hydride 2.6. Magnesium Hydride 2.7. Calcium Hydride 3. Binary and Complex Hydrides of the Boron Group 3.1. General 3.2. Lithium Tetrahydridoborate 3.3. Lithium Triethylhydridoborate 3.4. Sodium Tetrahydridoborate 3.5. Sodium Cyanotrihydridoborate 3.6. Potassium Tetrahydridoborate 3.7. Aluminum Hydride 3.8. Lithium Tetrahydridoaluminate 3.9. Lithium (tri-tert-butoxy)hydrido-aluminate 3.10. Sodium Tetrahydridoaluminate 3.11. Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)dihydridoaluminate 3.12. Sodium Diethyldihydridoaluminate 4. Recommended Techniques for Working with Hydrides 5. Hydrides of the Transition Metals 5.1. Binary Hydrides 5.1.1. Titanium Hydride 5.1.2. Zirconium Hydride 5.2. Intermetallic Hydrides 5.3. Complex Hydrides of Transition Metals 5.3.1. Di(η5-cyclopentadienyl)chlorohydridozirconium(IV) 5.3.2. Carbonylhydrido-tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) 6. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 7. Toxicology and Occupational Health
A generalised software control system for industrial robots (2002)

This paper presents an overview of the main features and the software architectural design of a generalised software control system for industrial robots, named GENERIS. After an introduction explaining the project history and its current development and exploitation state, the authors analyse the required capability and quality attributes for a modern motion control system for robotics workcells. This paper explains the functional model and the architectural design approach. Finally, the authors conclude with the GENERIS product organisation and the current and planned development activities.
High Speed HD DVD-R Disc with Organic Dye (2007)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Umezawa, S. Morita, K. Takazawa, N. Morishita, and N. Nakamura, "High Speed HD DVD-R Disc with Organic Dye," in Optical Data Storage, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2007), paper WC3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Synthesis of polystyrene‐block‐polyoxyethylene for use as a stabilizer in the emulsion polymerization of styrene (1992)

Abstract Five well‐defined polystyrene‐block‐polyoxyethylene copolymers were synthesized by anionic polymerization for use as stabilizers in the emulsion polymerization of styrene. The size of the blocks and their relative weight ratios to each other were the main variables. The molecular weights of the blocks varied from M̄ n = 1000–7000 for polystyrene, and M̄ w = 3000–9000 for polyoxyethylene. The results of the styrene emulsion polymerization with these block copolymers as stabilizers indicate that for efficient anchoring the block length need not be more than 10 monomer units, possibly even less, and that the polyoxyethylene block M̄ w = 3000 is just as capable of stabilizing the polystyrene particle as the higher molecular weight blocks. A very important factor was found to be the weight ratio of the two blocks: block copolymers with a polyoxyethylene content between 75 and 90 wt % were effective stabilizers for the emulsion polymerization of styrene © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Murine glomerulotropic monoclonal antibodies are highly oligoclonal and exhibit distinctive molecular features (1996)

We recently produced a panel of seven glomerular-binding mAbs from a nephritic MRL-lpr mouse that bind to histones/nucleosomes (group I) or DNA (group II) adherent to glomerular basement membrane. To elucidate the molecular basis of their binding and ontogeny, we sequenced their variable (V) regions, analyzed the apparent somatic mutations, and predicted their three-dimensional structures. There were two clonally related sets (3 of 4 in group I, 3 of 3 in group II) both of the VHJ1558 family, and one mAb of the VH 7183 family. V region somatic mutations within clonally related sets had little effect on glomerular binding and did not appear to be selected for based on glomerular binding. The VH regions were most homologous with those from autoantibodies to histones, DNA, or IgG (i.e., rheumatoid factors), the Vkappa regions, with those from autoantibodies to small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP). The VH regions also exhibited an unusual VD junction (in the group I clonally related set) and an overall high content of charged amino acids (arginine, aspartic acid) in complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), particularly in CDR3. Molecular modeling studies suggested that the Fv regions of these mAbs converge to form a flat, open surface with a net positive charge. The CDR arginines in group I mAbs; appear to be located in Ag contact regions of the binding cleft. In sum, these data suggest that glomerulotropic mAbs are a highly restricted set of Abs with distinctive molecular features that may mediate their binding to glomeruli.
Phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet of red blood cells from β‐thalassemia patients may explain the chronic hypercoagulable state and thrombotic episodes (1993)

Investigation of red blood cells from beta-thalassemia patients by means of prothrombinase assay reveals phosphatidylserine in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. This might explain their elevated susceptibility to phagocytosis by macrophages and the chronic hypercoagulable state, frequent thrombotic events, and life-long platelet activation that are found in thalassemic patients.
Air trapping in early cystic fibrosis lung disease-Does CT tell the full story? (2017)

CT mosaic attenuation is associated with CF lung disease, however it is not always accompanied by physiologic hyperinflation. Other pathologies may contribute to mosaic attenuation. A better understanding of these factors could guide future therapies.