gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration Applications of Downhole Measurement of Crude Oil Composition and Fluorescence (2004)

Abstract In addition to geological and petrophysical data acquisition during the exploration stage, in-situ fluid analysis provides a wealth of information for the appraisal of new discoveries. A recently introduced wireline sampling tool incorporating a downhole fluid analyzer is capable of analyzing fluid composition in real time at downhole conditions, and of measuring the fluorescence spectra of crude oils. These new measurements provide valuable information necessary for the identification and validation of reservoir structures that define the distribution of fluids in the accumulation. The relevance of high quality fluid data in the early stages of the producing life of the reservoir is widely recognized. We present field results of the application of the new sampling tool in an exploration well, where a composition gradient was detected along a 30m liquid hydrocarbon column grading from a 45API crude on the top to a 33API crude on the bottom. During the sampling of the gas cap, retrograde dew formation was detected identifying the fluid and identifying valid sampling conditions. This new information was used to modify the sampling program. Fluid composition analysis relies on optical absorption methods and is currently capable of providing the mass fraction of three hydrocarbon molecular groups: C1, C2-5 and C6+, and CO2. We perform fluorescence spectroscopy by measuring light emission in the green and red ranges of the spectrum after excitation with blue light. Fluorescence in this range is related to the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) in the crude oil. Using the pump-out module to segregate different fluid phase enhances phase detection with fluorescence.
Bidirectional augmentation of heart rate regulation by autonomic nervous system in rabbits (1996)

Although the characteristics of the static interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in regulating heart rate (HR) have been well established, how the dynamic interaction modulates the HR response remains unknown. We therefore investigated dynamic interaction by estimating the transfer function from nerve stimulation to HR using a band-limited Gaussian white-noise technique. The transfer function relating dynamic sympathetic stimulation to HR had characteristics of a second-order low-pass filter. Simultaneous tonic vagal stimulation at 5 and 10 Hz increased gain of the transfer function by 55.0 +/- 40.1 and 80.7 +/- 50.5%, respectively (P < 0.05). The transfer function from dynamic vagal stimulation to HR had characteristics of a first-order low-pass filter. Simultaneous tonic sympathetic stimulation at 5 and 10 Hz increased the gain by 18.2 +/- 17.9 and 24.1 +/- 18.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). Thus interaction augmented dynamic gain bidirectionally, even though it affected mean HR antagonistically. By virtue of this interaction, the autonomic nervous system appears to extend its dynamic range of operation.
The Diamond I13 full-field transmission X-ray microscope: a Zernike phase-contrast setup for material sciences (2020)

The I13 transmission X-ray microscope at Diamond Light Source (DLS) has been designed to cover a broad range of energies and field of views. The beamline operates on an undulator source, and a multilayer monochromator can be used to work at a larger bandwidth to enable faster acquisitions. The experimental design includes large working distances for the optics to allow installing in situ sample environments. This paper presents the current state of the experimental system and shows some of the latest results.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Reversible and Paired Solid Oxide Cell Systems for Hydrogen Production (2023)

The use of green hydrogen to decarbonize the U.S. economy has been steadily gaining commercial interest as the cost and availability of renewable electricity decreases. At present, technologies can only take advantage of low electricity prices at low capacity factor, due to its intermittent availability, negatively impacting the economics. Reversible solid-oxide cell (r-SOC) based energy conversion systems can potentially solve this problem by producing power when electricity prices are high and hydrogen when they are low. However, the long-term operation of r-SOC systems has not been fully investigated compared to paired SOFC and SOEC units. This paper presents techno-economic results for two SOC-based hydrogen and power co-generation concepts. These technologies primarily generate hydrogen through solid oxide electrolysis but have the capacity to switch to power if signaled by the market. This operational flexibility provides a significant benefit to an electric grid with a growing share of variable renewable energy generation.
Comparative host-coronavirus protein interaction networks reveal pan-viral disease mechanisms (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a grave threat to public health and the global economy. SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to the more lethal but less transmissible coronaviruses SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here, we have carried out comparative viral-human protein-protein interaction and viral protein localization analyses for all three viruses. Subsequent functional genetic screening identified host factors that functionally impinge on coronavirus proliferation, including Tom70, a mitochondrial chaperone protein that interacts with both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 ORF9b, an interaction we structurally characterized using cryo-electron microscopy. Combining genetically validated host factors with both COVID-19 patient genetic data and medical billing records identified molecular mechanisms and potential drug treatments that merit further molecular and clinical study.
Site Isolation of Emitters within Cross-Linked Polymer Nanoparticles for White Electroluminescence (2010)

The use of cross-linked polymer nanoparticles was explored to achieve site isolation of different emitters within a single emissive layer in an electroluminescent device. Encapsulation of the iridium emitters within the polymer nanoparticles led to the desired effect with minimal energy transfer from high bandgap chromophores to lower bandgap ones. The nanoparticles were easily dispersed in organic solvent for film casting while preserving particle shape. They behave as light emitting "inks", enabling the tuning of electroluminescence through simple changes in the ratios of nanoparticles in the emissive film.
An Overview of Core Coding Tools in the AV1 Video Codec (2018)

AV1 is an emerging open-source and royalty-free video compression format, which is jointly developed and finalized in early 2018 by the Alliance for Open Media (AOMedia) industry consortium. The main goal of AV1 development is to achieve substantial compression gain over state-of-the-art codecs while maintaining practical decoding complexity and hardware feasibility. This paper provides a brief technical overview of key coding techniques in AV1 along with preliminary compression performance comparison against VP9 and HEVC.
Resveratrol and a Novel Tyrosinase in Carignan Grape Juice (2001)

Polyphenol levels in wines are affected by the wine-making process. Resveratrol is one polyphenol which has been the subject of a commendable amount of recent research. In this work, we found that resveratrol is immediately degraded by tyrosinase. A novel tyrosinase was purified from Carignan grapes. The purification process included salting out and separation on a cation-exchange column, followed by gel filtration. Tyrosinase was purified in a homogeneous form by SDS-PAGE and was characterized: its specific activity toward 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (DOPA) increased by a factor of 24 with an overall recovery of 3% of initial activity. The apparent molecular mass of the purified tyrosinase was 40 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE, and 42 kDa as determined by gel filtration. Its activity was optimal at pH 6 and at 25 degrees C. The enzyme exhibited high activity toward phenylenediamine, epicatechin, pyrogallol, DOPA, and resveratrol. Tyrosinase activity was inhibited by KCN, thiourea, and SO(2). Resveratrol levels were stable following the removal of proteins from the juice, suggesting that early spraying of grapes with SO(2) is an important factor affecting the final amount of resveratrol in wine.
THE CHANGING RATIO OF SERUM BIOACTIVE TO IMMUNOREACTIVE FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN NORMAL MEN FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH A POTENT GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE ANTAGONIST (1986)

Using a recently developed granulosa cell aromatase bioassay (GAB), we measured serum bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone (bio-FSH) levels in 5 normal men after administration of a potent GnRH antagonist. Although only minimal suppression of immunoreactive FSH (immuno-FSH) was detected during administration of 20 mg of the antagonist, [N-Ac-D-Nal(2)1,D-pCl-Phe2,D-Trp3,D-h(Arg(Et2)6,D-Ala10]GnRH , pronounced inhibition (79 to 89%) of bio-FSH levels occurred. Concomitantly, the ratio of bio- to immuno-FSH levels dramatically decreased within 6 h after antagonist administration. These data reinforce earlier expectations that GnRH antagonists might be potential male contraceptives and provide the first report of changes in circulating bio- to immuno-FSH levels. The GAB assay will facilitate future studies on the biochemical mechanisms by which GnRH antagonists induce changes in the bioactivity of circulating FSH.
EPR Investigations of the Inactivation of E. coli Ribonucleotide Reductase with 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-Diphosphate: Evidence for the Involvement of the Thiyl Radical of C225-R1 (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEPR Investigations of the Inactivation of E. coli Ribonucleotide Reductase with 2'-Azido-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-Diphosphate: Evidence for the Involvement of the Thiyl Radical of C225-R1Wilfred A. van der Donk, JoAnne Stubbe, Gary J. Gerfen, Brendan F. Bellew, and Robert G. GriffinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 35, 8908–8916Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00140a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00140a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views355Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Probing changes of dust properties along a chain of solar-type prestellar and protostellar cores in Taurus with NIKA (2017)

The characterization of dust properties in the interstellar medium is key for understanding the physics and chemistry of star formation. Mass estimates are crucial to determine gravitational collapse conditions for the birth of new stellar objects in molecular clouds. However, most of these estimates rely on dust models that need further observational constraints to capture the relevant parameter variations depending on the local environment: from clouds to prestellar and protostellar cores. We present results of a new study of dust emissivity changes based on millimeter continuum data obtained with the NIKA camera at the IRAM-30 m telescope. Observing dust emission at 1.15 mm and 2 mm allows us to constrain the dust emissivity index, β , in the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of the dust spectral energy distribution far from its peak emission, where the contribution of other parameters (i.e. dust temperature) is more important. Focusing on the Taurus molecular cloud, one of the most famous low-mass star-forming regions in the Gould Belt, we analyze the emission properties of several distinct objects in the B213 filament. This subparsec-sized region is of particular interest since it is characterized by a collection ofevolutionary stages of early star formation: three prestellar cores, two Class 0/I protostellar cores and one Class II object. We are therefore able to compare dust properties among a sequence of sources that likely derive from the same parent filament. By means of the ratio of the two NIKA channel maps, we show that in the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation, β RJ varies among the objects: it decreases from prestellar cores ( β RJ ~ 2) to protostellar cores ( β RJ ~ 1) and the Class II object ( β RJ ~ 0). For one prestellar and two protostellar cores, we produce a robust study using available Herschel data to constrain the dust temperature of the sources. By using the Abel transform inversion technique we derive accurate radial temperature profiles that allow us to obtain radial β profiles. We find systematic spatial variations of β in the protostellar cores that are not observed in the prestellar core. While in the former case β decreases toward the center (with β varying between 1 and 2), in the latter it remains constant ( β = 2.4 ± 0.3). Moreover, the dust emissivity index appears anticorrelated with the dust temperature. We discuss the implication of these results in terms of dust grain evolution between pre- and protostellar cores.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Dithiocarbamate Carbapenems with anti‐MRSA Activity. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Can K-ras codon 12 mutations be used to distinguish benign bile duct proliferations from metastases in the liver? A molecular analysis of 101 liver lesions from 93 patients. (1997)

It can be difficult to distinguish benign bile duct proliferations (BDPs) from well-differentiated metastatic peripancreatic adenocarcinomas on histological grounds alone. Most peripancreatic carcinomas harbor activating point mutations in codon 12 of the K-ras oncogene, suggesting that K-ras mutational status may provide a molecular basis for distinguishing BDPs from liver metastases. The ability of tests for mutations in codon 12 of K-ras to make this distinction was examined in a two-part study. In the first part we determined the K-ras mutational status of 56 liver lesions and 48 primary peripancreatic adenocarcinomas obtained from 48 patients. In the second part of this study an additional 45 liver lesions were studied. In the first 48 patients, activating point mutations in codon 12 of K-ras were detected in 28 (61%) of the 46 primary carcinomas, in 8 (100%) of 8 liver metastases, in 2 (6.5%) of 31 BDPs, and in none (0%) of 14 liver granulomas. Three BDPs and two primary carcinomas did not amplify. To further estimate the prevalence of K-ras mutations in BDPs we analyzed an additional series of 45 mostly incidental BDPs for K-ras mutations. Three (6.7%) of these 45 harbored K-ras mutations. These results suggest that K-ras mutations may be useful in distinguishing BDPs from metastases in the liver; however, there is some overlap in the mutational spectra of BDPs and pancreatic carcinomas.
Real Time Full-Color Imaging in a Meta-Optical Fiber Endoscope (2022)

Endoscopes are an important component for the development of minimally invasive surgeries. Their size is one of the most critical aspects, because smaller and less rigid endoscopes enable higher agility, facilitate larger accessibility, and induce less stress on the surrounding tissue. In all existing endoscopes, the size of the optics poses a major limitation in miniaturization of the imaging system. Not only is making small optics difficult, but their performance also degrades with downscaling. Meta-optics have recently emerged as a promising candidate to drastically miniaturize optics while achieving similar functionalities with significantly reduced size. Herein, we report an inverse-designed meta-optic, which combined with a coherent fiber bundle enables a 33% reduction in the rigid tip length over traditional gradient-index (GRIN) lenses. We use the meta-optic fiber endoscope (MOFIE) to demonstrate real-time video capture in full visible color, the spatial resolution of which is primarily limited by the fiber itself. Our work shows the potential of meta-optics for integration and miniaturization of biomedical devices towards minimally invasive surgery.
MIMO 2&#x00D7;2 reference antennas concept (2012)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) adopt multi-antenna mechanisms to increase coverage and physical layer capacity, therefore Multiple Impute Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna systems are required on LTE systems. Besides the antenna system figure of merit (FoM), i.e. absolute system gain, gain imbalance, correlation coefficient the MIMO system performance is defined by radiated data throughput. Different standard bodies are working towards test methodologies to proper emulate the radio propagation environment therefore determining MIMO performance. This task had become very complex based on several implementation details pertinent of each test methodology. This paper will introduce the concept of MIMO 2×2 reference antenna for the special case of uniform incoming power distribution. Hereby part of measurement uncertainty is eliminated through the adoption of a set of MIMO 2×2 antennas with known FoM, and controllable performance.
A Low-Dielectric-Constant Sr2(Ta1-x,Nbx)2O7 Thin Film Controlling the Crystal Orientation on an IrO2 Substrate for One-Transistor-Type Ferroelectric Memory Device (2004)

The compounds of the Sr 2 Nb 2 O 7 (SNO) family are suitable for use as ferroelectric materials for ferroelectric memory field-effect transistors (FETs), because these substances have a low dielectric constant and high heat-resistance. A very low dielectric constant ferroelectric Sr 2 (Ta 1- x ,Nb x ) 2 O 7 (STN) film formation technology, which can be applied to a floating-gate-type ferroelectric random access memory (FFRAM), has been developed. Furthermore, a new technology that controls the orientation and the properties (a low dielectric constant and large coercive field) of STN has been developed. An MFMIS structure device with a large memory bias window (1.3 V) under ±5 V operation and a long retention time (&gt;10 h) has successfully been fabricated.
Specific ligands of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells (2001)

The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) has been implicated in growth control of various tumour models. Although colorectal cancers were found to overexpress PBR, the functional role of PBR in colorectal cancer growth has not been addressed to date. Using primary cell cultures of human colorectal cancers and the human colorectal carcinoma cell lines HT29, LS174T, and Colo320 DM we studied the involvement of PBR in the growth control and apoptosis of colorectal cancers. Both mRNA and protein expression of PBR were detected by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunohistochemistry the PBR was localized in the mitochondria. The specific PBR ligands FGIN-1-27, PK 11195, or Ro5-4864 inhibited cell proliferation dose-dependently. FGIN-1-27 decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, which indicates an early event in apoptosis. Furthermore, FGIN-1-27, PK 11195 or Ro5-4864 increased caspase-3 activity. In addition to their apoptosis-inducing effects, PBR ligands induced cell cycle arrest in the G(1)/G(0)-phase. Thus, our data demonstrate a functional involvement of PBR in colorectal cancer growth and qualify the PBR as a possible target for innovative therapeutic approaches in colorectal cancer.
<title>Targeted photodynamic therapy for infected wounds in mice</title> (2002)

Although many workers have used photodynamic therapy to kill bacteria in vitro, the use of this approach has seldom been reported in vivo in animal models of infection. We report on the use of a targeted polycationic photosensitizer conjugate between poly-L-lysine and chlorin(e6) that can penetrate the Gram (-) outer membrane together with red laser light to kill Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infecting excisional wounds in mice. We used genetically engineered luminescent bacteria that allowed the infection to be imaged in mouse wounds using a sensitive CCD camera. Wounds were infected with 5x10<SUP>6</SUP> bacteria, followed by application of the conjugate in solution and illumination. There was a light-dose dependent loss of luminescence as measured by image analysis in the wound treated with conjugate and light, not seen in control wounds. This strain of E coli is non-invasive and the infection in untreated wounds spontaneously resolved in a few days and all wounds healed equally well showing the photodynamic treatment did not damage the host tissue. P aeruginosa is highly invasive and mice with untreated or control wounds all died while 90% of PDT treated mice survived. PDT may have a role to play in the rapid treatment of infected wounds in view of the worldwide rise in antibiotic resistance.
Development of a Concise Synthesis of Ouabagenin and Hydroxylated Corticosteroid Analogues (2015)

The natural product ouabagenin is a complex cardiotonic steroid with a highly oxygenated skeleton. This full account describes the development of a concise synthesis of ouabagenin, including the evolution of synthetic strategy to access hydroxylation at the C19 position of a steroid skeleton. In addition, approaches to install the requisite butenolide moiety at the C17 position are discussed. Lastly, methodology developed in this synthesis has been applied in the generation of novel analogues of corticosteroid drugs bearing a hydroxyl group at the C19 position.