gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging Prostate Cancer Microenvironment by Collagen Hybridization (2013)

Abstract : We continue to derivatize and test the collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) for imaging. We continue to work on: (1) Dual radio- and fluorescent labeling of CMPs retaining high-affinity and specificity for intact and digested collagen (type I) films; (2) Validation of dual-labeled CMPs that display high affinity and specificity for stromal collagens in frozen PCa xenografts; and, (3) Measurement of pharmacokinetics and in vivo imaging of dual-labeled CMPs in mouse subcutaneous PC-3 xenograft (and pancreatic xenograft) models. Efforts have been focused on achieving a biologically stable CMP with both gamma-emitting and fluorescent labels. We have employed several strategies utilizing the previously biologically validated, high affinity basic CMP peptide core, which may contain chelators, radioiodine moieties and fluorescent dyes. While the radiochemistry aspect of the project has proved challenging, we have made substantial progress biologically with the optical agents as detailed below.
Dry Etching of InGaAsP/InP Structures by Reactive Ion Beam Etching Using Chlorine and Argon (1990)

Very smooth InGaAsP/InP surfaces and sidewalls were obtained by using the enhanced sputtering effect of Ar addition to Cl 2 etching gas in RIBE. The substrate temperature was raised to 180°C in order to remove involatile chlorides and impurities. Moreover, a vertical sidewall with no lateral etching under the mask was realized at the same time. This enables submicron dry etching for heterostructure devices.
Jointly Optimizing Drone-Mounted Base Station Placement and User Association in Heterogeneous Networks (2018)

Applying Drone-mounted Base Station (DBS) to assist Macro Base Station (MBS) can potentially increase the throughput of the mobile access network. In this paper, we first derive the spectral efficiency of delivering traffic from the MBS to a Ground User (GU) via the DBS, which is operated in the half-duplex in-band mode, upon which we formulate the problem by jointly optimizing the DBS placement (i.e., the altitude of the DBS) and user association in order to maximize the spectral efficiency of the hotspot area. We design the Spectral efficienT Aware DBS pLacement and usEr association (STABLE) algorithm to solve the proposed problem and demonstrate the performance of STABLE via simulations.
Hypoxia-Dependent Inhibition of Tumor Cell Susceptibility to CTL-Mediated Lysis Involves NANOG Induction in Target Cells (2011)

Hypoxia is a major feature of the solid tumor microenvironment and is known to be associated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcome. Recently, we reported that hypoxia protects human non-small cell lung tumor cells from specific lysis by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and inducing STAT3 phosphorylation. In this study, we show that NANOG, a transcription factor associated with stem cell self renewal, is a new mediator of hypoxia-induced resistance to specific lysis. Our data indicate that under hypoxic conditions, NANOG is induced at both transcriptional and translational levels. Knockdown of the NANOG gene in hypoxic tumor cells is able to significantly attenuate hypoxia-induced tumor resistance to CTL-dependent killing. Such knockdown correlates with an increase of target cell death and an inhibition of hypoxia-induced delay of DNA replication in these cells. Interestingly, NANOG depletion results in inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that hypoxia-induced NANOG plays a critical role in tumor cell response to hypoxia and promotes tumor cell resistance to Ag-specific lysis.
Mid-Infrared Observations of the Galactic Center Arc and the Sgr A East HII Region (1989)

We have used the 20-pixel IR camera to observe thermal IR emission from dust associated with the radio continuum Arc near the Galactic center and the cluster of HII regions in the immediate vicinity of Sgr A East. We detected strong 10 μ m emission from the eastern and western arched filaments (G0.1+0.08), from an unusual pistol-shaped structure known as G0.15–0.05 and from the brightest member of the Sgr A East HII region. Spatial maps of these features at 10 μ m with a resolution of 4.1″ × 4.2″ are presented and are compared with 5-GHz radio images. We find a general spatial correlation between the ionized gas and the dust distributions. The ratio of IR to radio flux densities is significantly different in the eastern and western arched filaments, which suggests that the source of heating has a softer spectrum along the eastern arched filaments. In addition, the ratio of IR to radio flux densities, which is typically ~10 in normal Galactic HII regions excited by O stars, is at least a factor of two higher than this value in almost all the sources we have observed. This suggests that additional mechanisms other than trapped Lyman α radiation should be present in heating the dust, e.g. stochastic heating of small dust grains by energetic particles associated with the nonthermal filaments.
Prospects in x-ray science emerging from quantum optics and nanomaterials (2021)

The science of x-rays is by now over 125 years old, starting with Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery of x-rays in 1895, for which Röntgen was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. X-rays have fundamentally changed the world in areas, including medical imaging, security scanners, industrial inspection, materials development, and drugs spectroscopy. X-ray science has been so far responsible for over 25 Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine/Physiology. With x-ray generation being a highly commercialized, widely adopted technology, it may appear that there is little left to discover regarding the fundamentals of x-ray science. Contrary to this notion, recent years have shown renewed interest in the research and development of innovative x-ray concepts. We highlight, in this Perspective, promising directions for future research in x-ray science that result from advances in quantum science and in nanomaterials. Specifically, we describe three key opportunities for advancing x-ray science in the near future: (1) emerging material platforms for x-ray generation, especially 2D materials and their heterostructures; (2) free-electron-driven emission of entangled photon–photon and electron–photon pairs for x-ray quantum optics; and (3) shaping free-electron wavepackets for controllable x-ray emission. These research directions could lead to improvements in x-ray resonance fluoroscopy, high-contrast x-ray imaging, stimulated coherent x rays, x-ray superradiance, and other prospects for x-ray quantum optics.
Photochemical Behavior and Formation of Surface Relief Grating on Self-Assembled Polyion/Dye Composite Film (2000)

Holographic surface relief gratings (SRGs) were fabricated on composite films assembled by electrostatic layer-by-layer (ELBL) deposition of a polyelectrolyte, poly(dimethyl diallylammonium chloride) (PDAC), and an azo dye, Congo Red (CR). Surface modulation and first-order diffraction efficiency of the SRG were found to increase with the thickness of the PDAC/CR films. Polarized absorption spectra indicated an oriented growth of CR on the PDAC film. Analysis of the film thickness, FTIR, and FT-Raman results confirmed that the electrostatic attraction between CR and PDAC, as well as the π−π interaction between CR chromophores resulting in the formation of J aggregates, lead to formation of PDAC/CR composite films. Photochemical changes of the PDAC/CR films after irradiation were investigated by UV−vis absorption, FTIR, and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that in addition to trans ⇔ cis photoisomerization of CR in the composite film, an irreversible photochemical degradation of CR also simultaneously occurs. Recording SRG on PDAC/CR films by s- and p-polarized beams show different behavior compared to spin-coated films of polymers containing functionalized azo chromophores. Our results indicate that the volume collapse due to the photodegradation of CR in the polymeric matrix, as well as gradient force-induced migration due to trans ⇔ cis isomerization cycling of CR contribute to the formation of SRG on the composite films. This approach provides a methodology to fabricate SRGs for optical information storage applications by using the facile ELBL technique to assemble commercially available azo dyes and polyelectrolytes.
Above-threshold mode discrimination in external reflector and phase-shifted DFB lasers (1989)

The longitudinal mode discrimination above threshold in both distributed feedback lasers with one external reflector and those with phase-shifted grating structures is studied. By numerically solving a pair of coupled mode equations, it is shown that when these types of lasers have nonsaturable index coupling, they lose their mode discrimination at powers only a few times the saturation power of the medium due to the effects of spatial hole burning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low-voltage, high contrast-ratio, low-noise VCSEL modulator (2000)

A VCSEL is proposed as a low-voltage (~50mV dynamic swing), low noise (&gt;15dB SNR), high contrast-ratio (-50:1) spatial light modulator with gain. The steady-state gain, gain-bandwidth product, signal-to-noise ratio, and spectral bandwidth are reported.
Rare genetic susceptibility variants assessment in autism spectrum disorder: detection rate and practical use (2020)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component whose knowledge evolves quickly. Next-generation sequencing is the only effective technology to deal with the high genetic heterogeneity of ASD in a clinical setting. However, rigorous criteria to classify rare genetic variants conferring ASD susceptibility are currently lacking. We have performed whole-exome sequencing to identify both nucleotide variants and copy number variants (CNVs) in 253 ASD patients, including 68 patients with intellectual disability (ID) and 90 diagnosed as Asperger syndrome. Using explicit criteria to classify both susceptibility genes and susceptibility variants we prioritized 217 genes belonging to the following categories: syndromic genes, genes with an excess of de novo protein truncating variants and genes targeted by rare CNVs. We obtained a susceptibility variant detection rate of 19.7% (95% CI: [15-25.2%]). The rate for CNVs was 7.1% (95% CI: [4.3-11%]) and 12.6% (95% CI: [8.8-17.4%]) for nucleotide variants. The highest rate (30.1%, 95% CI: [20.2-43.2%]) was obtained in the ASD + ID subgroup. A strong contributor for at risk nucleotide variants was the recently identified set of genes (n = 81) harboring an excess of de novo protein truncating variants. Since there is currently no evidence that the genes targeted here are necessary and sufficient to cause ASD, we recommend to avoid the term "causative of ASD" when delivering the information about a variant to a family and to use instead the term "genetic susceptibility factor contributing to ASD".
Combining patch-based strategies and non-rigid registration-based label fusion methods (2015)

The objective of this study is to develop a patch-based labeling method that cooperates with a label fusion using non-rigid registrations. We present a novel patch-based label fusion method, whose selected patches and their weights are calculated from a combination of similarity measures between patches using intensity-based distances and labeling-based distances, where a previous labeling of the target image is inferred through a label fusion method using non-rigid registrations. These combined similarity measures result in better selection of the patches, and their weights are more robust, which improves the segmentation results compared to other label fusion methods, including the conventional patch-based labeling method. To evaluate the performance and the robustness of the proposed label fusion method, we employ two available databases of T1-weighted (T1W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human brains. We compare our approach with other label fusion methods in the automatic hippocampal segmentation from T1W-MRI. Our label fusion method yields mean Dice coefficients of 0.847 and 0.798 for the two databases used with mean times of approximately 180 and 320 seconds, respectively. The collaboration between the patch-based labeling method and the label fusion using non-rigid registrations is given in the several levels: (a) The pre-selection of the patches in the atlases are improved, (b) The weights of our selected patches are also more robust, (c) our approach imposes geometrical restrictions, such as shape priors, and (d) the work-flow is very efficient. We show that the proposed approach is very competitive with respect to recently reported methods.
Left–right dissociation of hippocampal memory processes in mice (2014)

Left-right asymmetries have likely evolved to make optimal use of bilaterian nervous systems; however, little is known about the synaptic and circuit mechanisms that support divergence of function between equivalent structures in each hemisphere. Here we examined whether lateralized hippocampal memory processing is present in mice, where hemispheric asymmetry at the CA3-CA1 pyramidal neuron synapse has recently been demonstrated, with different spine morphology, glutamate receptor content, and synaptic plasticity, depending on whether afferents originate in the left or right CA3. To address this question, we used optogenetics to acutely silence CA3 pyramidal neurons in either the left or right dorsal hippocampus while mice performed hippocampus-dependent memory tasks. We found that unilateral silencing of either the left or right CA3 was sufficient to impair short-term memory. However, a striking asymmetry emerged in long-term memory, wherein only left CA3 silencing impaired performance on an associative spatial long-term memory task, whereas right CA3 silencing had no effect. To explore whether synaptic properties intrinsic to the hippocampus might contribute to this left-right behavioral asymmetry, we investigated the expression of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Following the induction of long-term potentiation by high-frequency electrical stimulation, synapses between CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons were strengthened only when presynaptic input originated in the left CA3, confirming an asymmetry in synaptic properties. The dissociation of hippocampal long-term memory function between hemispheres suggests that memory is routed via distinct left-right pathways within the mouse hippocampus, and provides a promising approach to help elucidate the synaptic basis of long-term memory.
Space-time communication for OFDM with implicit channel feedback (2004)

We consider space-time communication over a typical cellular "downlink" based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), in which the base station may have several antenna elements, while the mobile has 1 or 2 antenna elements. A summary of our findings is as follows: (a) Implicit channel feedback regarding the covariance matrix for the downlink space-time channel can be obtained, without any power or bandwidth overhead, by suitably averaging uplink channel measurements across frequency. Since this approach relies on statistical reciprocity, it applies to both time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) systems. The covariance feedback can be used to obtain better performance on the downlink, at lower encoding and decoding complexity, compared to standard space-time coding (which does not employ channel feedback). (b) The conventional design without channel feedback is to space the transmit antennas far enough apart so as to ensure uncorrelated responses. However, when implicit feedback is available, much better performance is obtained with significantly smaller antenna spacing, optimized such that the number of dominant eigenmodes of the channel matches the number of receive antenna elements.
Quantum dot photonic crystal nanocavities: Transition from weak to strong coupling and nonlinear emissions (2006)

Photonic crystal slab nanocavities containing one layer of quantum dots have exhibited: strong coupling to a single quantum dot; tuning by condensation of xenon gas; linewidth broadening due to ensemble dot absorption; gain and lasing.
Steady State and Multiple Cracking of Short Random Fiber Composites (1992)

Peer Reviewed
Evaluation of electromagnetic source for ocean climate acoustic thermometry at Lake Seneca (1993)

A compact electromagnetic monopole source, requiring pressure equalization, was evaluated at the Naval Underwater Systems Center at Lake Seneca during
The Influence of HCl on the Evaporation Rates of H 2 O over Water Ice inthe Range 188 to 210 K at small Average Concentrations (2018)

Abstract. The evaporation flux Jev(H2O) of H2O from HCl-doped typically 1.5 μm or so thick vapor-deposited ice films has been measured in a combined quartz crystal microbalance (QCMB) – residual gas mass spectrometry (MS) experiment. Jev(H2O) has been found to show complex behaviour and to be a function of the average mole fraction χ(HCl) of HCl in the ice film ranging from 6 × 1014 to 3 × 1017 molecule cm−2 s−1 at 174–210 K for initial values χ0(HCl) ranging from 5 × 10−5 to 3 × 10−3 at the start of the evaporation. The dose of HCl on ice was in the range of 1 to 40 formal monolayers and the H2O vapor pressure was independent of χ(HCl) within the measured range and equal to that of pure ice down to 80 nm thickness. The temporal dependence of Jev(H2O) was correlated with (a) the evaporation range rb/e as the ratio of Jev(H2O) just before HCl-doping of the pure ice film and Jev(H2O) after observable HCl desorption towards the end of film evaporation, and (b) the remaining thickness dD below which Jev(H2O) decreases to less than 85 % of pure ice. The time dependence of Jev(H2O) from HCl-doped ice films suggests two limiting data sets, one associated with the occurrence of a two-phase pure ice/crystalline HCl hydrate binary phase (set A), and the other with a single phase amorphous HCl/H2O binary mixture (set B). The measured values of Jev(H2O) may lead to significant evaporative life-time extensions of HCl - contaminated ice cloud particles under atmospheric conditions, regardless of whether the structure corresponds to an amorphous or crystalline state of the HCl/H2O aggregate.
Multiparametric Photoacoustic Analysis of Human Thyroid Cancers In Vivo (2021)

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers, with a global increase in incidence rate for both genders. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is the current gold standard to diagnose thyroid cancers, but the results are inaccurate, leading to repeated biopsies and unnecessary surgeries. To reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, we explored the use of multiparametric photoacoustic (PA) analysis in combination with the American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guideline (ATAP). In this study, we performed <i>in vivo</i> multispectral PA imaging on thyroid nodules from 52 patients, comprising 23 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and 29 benign cases. From the multispectral PA data, we calculated hemoglobin oxygen saturation level in the nodule area, then classified the PTC and benign nodules with multiparametric analysis. Statistical analyses showed that this multiparametric analysis of multispectral PA responses could classify PTC nodules. Combining the photoacoustically indicated probability of PTC and the ATAP led to a new scoring method that achieved a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 93%. This study is the first multiparametric analysis of multispectral PA data of thyroid nodules with statistical significance. As a proof of concept, the results show that the proposed new ATAP scoring can help physicians examine thyroid nodules for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, thus reducing unnecessary biopsies. SIGNIFICANCE: This report highlights a novel photoacoustic scoring method for risk stratification of thyroid nodules, where malignancy of the nodules can be diagnosed with 83% sensitivity and 93% specificity.
Improved Light Extraction Efficiency of Nonpolar a-Plane GaN-Based LEDs Based on Embedded Pyramid-Shape Air-Gap Structure (2013)

A significant improvement of output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) for nonpolar a-plane (11-20) GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on r-plane sapphire substrates has been demonstrated by using embedded pyramid-shape air-gap arrays on hexagonally patterned SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer. The air-gap structure was realized based on asymmetrical growth behavior of a-plane epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) GaN along +c-axis and -c-axis. The output power and EQE of the a-plane LEDs with the air-gaps on patterned SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> have increased by more than 50% when compared to those of the conventional a-plane LEDs. Theoretical fit to the measured EQE suggested that the significant improvement of EQE was mainly attributed to the increase in light extraction efficiency (EXE). Light emission pattern analysis and ray-tracing simulation revealed that the air-gap arrays on top of patterned SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> enlarged the guided-light scattering at the air-gap surface due to the significant refractive index contrast with the GaN layer, followed by the improvement of EXE of nonpolar a-plane LEDs.
Spectral Unmixing based on Joint Sparsity and Total Variation using Remote Sensing Data (2021)

Hyper-spectral imaging is part of a process known as spectral imaging. The aim of hyperspectral imaging is to find the spectrum in the image of a scene for each pixel. Hyperspectral unmixing in hyperspectric image analysis is emerging as a subject in which the materials contained in an image and therefore the share of each material found in an image can be separated. The different materials are referred to as end members and proportion values as maps of abundance. Hyperspectral unmixing is an important method for estimating fractions of different types of terrestrial coverage from remote sensor images. It calculates the fractional abundance of the components present in every pixel of hyperspectral images. Multiple noise types also influence a hyper-spectrum image in a general situation where mixed noise is present, joint sparsity and total variance (JSTV) deals with hyperspectral unmixation. The common sparsity was developed to take advantage of the abundance maps. In order to model abundance maps, a total variation based regulatory structure was also used. The SplitBregman technique was used for the solution of an optimization problem using an algorithm. The results show that the proposed joint sparsity and complete methods of variations are able to unmix real hyperspectral and synthetic data, while retaining spatial endpoints with smooth maps.