gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a novel supplement to reduce blood glucose through the use of a modified oral glucose tolerance test. (2011)

Elevated blood glucose is a major component in metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes, sometimes leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM II). Additionally, it may lead to adipose deposits when left elevated for long periods. The epidemiology of DM II clearly shows that uncontrolled blood glucose levels leads to many adverse conditions including heart disease, retinal damage, renal failure, erectile dysfunction, and other significant medical conditions. Here we conducted a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group- clinical trial of a nutraceutical supplement vs. placebo to measure its glucose lowering effect in generally healthy adults before and after a simple sugars meal. Subjects reported to the test clinic on multiple days to receive placebo or treatment, a simple sugars meal, as well as pre-and postprandial blood glucose measurement (modified oral glucose tolerance test). Each subject served as his or her own control and thirty-one subjects completed the trial with at least one oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the nutraceutical supplement and placebo. Statistical analysis revealed the nutraceutical supplement significantly lowered postprandial glucose levels by 36% and 59% at 45 and 60 minutes, respectively (***P<.001). The study was limited by its composition of primarily overweight females. Future studies will be required over longer periods in more heterogeneous and larger groups to determine the long-term effect of this supplement on blood glucose levels in terms of prophylaxis or treatment for DM II.
Efficient Multi-Task and Transfer Reinforcement Learning with Parameter-Compositional Framework (2023)

In this work, we investigate the potential of improving multi-task training and also leveraging it for transferring in the reinforcement learning setting. We identify several challenges towards this goal and propose a transferring approach with a parameter-compositional formulation. We investigate ways to improve the training of multi-task reinforcement learning which serves as the foundation for transferring. Then we conduct a number of transferring experiments on various manipulation tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can have improved performance in the multi-task training stage, and further show effective transferring in terms of both sample efficiency and performance.
Cover Picture: Recoding the Genetic Code with Selenocysteine (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1/2014) (2013)

Named after Selene, goddess of the moon selenocysteine (Sec) is unique in its unrivaled catalytic power and its insertion into proteins by redefinition of specific UGA stop codons to Sec. In their Communication on page 319 ff., D. Söll, P. O'Donoghue et al. describe the engineering of the Sec-insertion machinery to redefine nearly all 64 codons. Here, the ring-shaped decameric selenocysteine synthase SeIA is essential in providing tRNA-bound Sec as the central building block for selenoprotein translation.
1457 The role of CD26 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) features a dense, fibrotic stroma that obstructs infiltration of immune cells. Our group investigates methods to improve immunotherapy efficacy in PDAC by targeting and manipulating the PDAC stroma. We hypothesize that dysregulated CD26/DPP4 enzymatic activity in PDAC contributes to constrained efficacy of immunotherapy. In addition, we postulate that in vivo pharmacological targeting of CD26 enzyme activity in PDAC, via inhibitors that are FDA-approved for adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, can influence immune cell infiltration and enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade in murine models of PDAC. <h3>Methods</h3> CD26 protein expression was evaluated in immortalized CAFs and PDAC cells by immunoblot and flow cytometry, while soluble CD26 was measured in supernatants by ELISA. In vivo studies used immune-competent C57BL/6 mice orthotopically implanted with syngeneic luciferase-expressing KPC-tumor cells into the pancreas. Tumor establishment was verified by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Mice were randomized to the following treatment groups: sitagliptin (75mg/kg in drinking water, CD26/DPP4 inhibitor), anti-PD-L1 Ab (200 ug 3x/week), or both combined for 9 days. Controls received vehicle and/or isotype control Ab. BLI monitored tumor growth throughout the study. Tumors were harvested and weighed at study endpoint (day 9 of treatment) and immune cell infiltration was evaluated by flow cytometry. An additional in vivo study was performed to assess differences in efficacy of concurrent versus consecutive administration (2 weeks) of sitagliptin (75mg/kg) and anti-PD-L1 Ab by measuring BLI and pancreas weight at study endpoint. <h3>Results</h3> CD26 protein expression was observed in both immortalized human CAFs (HT137 and h-iPSC-PDAC-1) and PDAC cells (HPAC and PANC1) through immunoblot and flow cytometry, however soluble CD26 was only detected in CAF supernatants. Concurrent administration of sitagliptin and anti-PD-L1 Ab limited tumor progression and increased tumor infiltrating CD4+ T cells (p=.0302, p=.0208 vs isotype control and anti-PD-L1, respectively), CD8+ T cells (p=.0336 vs anti-PD-L1), and macrophages compared to vehicle, sitagliptin, and anti-PD-L1 Ab alone. Further studies showed no significant difference in efficacy between concurrent and consecutive administration of sitagliptin together with anti-PD-L1 Ab. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results reveal that CD26 enzyme inhibition (sitagliptin), augments anti-tumor activity of anti-PD-L1 Ab in PDAC tumor-bearing mice. This work identifies immune cell populations, including T cells and macrophages, that provide insight into mechanisms of efficacy in orthotopic murine models of PDAC. Continued investigations will evaluate the versatility of CD26 inhibition and its capacity to modulate immune checkpoint molecules, thus, broadening efficacy studies across other targets with relevance to PDAC.
Effect of Ga doping on the multiferroic properties ofRMn1−xGaxO3(R=Ho,Y) (2005)

Structural, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, magnetic, and dielectric measurements on single-crystal $R{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ ($R=\mathrm{Ho}$ or Y) hexagonal compounds have revealed that the $c$ axis decreases with increasing temperature with a larger $\ensuremath{\mid}dc∕dT\ensuremath{\mid}$ above ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ than below it, which shows that the cooperative $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ site rotations responsible for the ferrielectricity expend energy to induce the ferroic ${R}^{3+}$-ion displacements along the $c$ axis. Ga doping raises the ferrielectric Curie temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ and the Mn-spin reorientation temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{SR}}$ while lowering ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$ of the Mn spins and the Ho magnetic ordering temperature ${T}_{2}$. The data show an important coupling between the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$-ion and ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$-ion spins as well as a ${T}_{\mathrm{SR}}$ that is driven by the cooperative $\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ site rotation and ${R}^{3+}$-ion displacements that control the $c$ lattice parameter. The data also support an enhanced spin-lattice interaction in the geometrically frustrated Mn-spin system.
Viscous macromolecules inhibit erythrocyte hemolysis induced by snake venom phospholipase A2 (1987)

The effect of medium viscosity on lysis of red blood cells (RBC) induced by snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was examined. The medium viscosity was modified by the addition of various macromolecules which differ in their chemical nature and in their capacity to increase fluid viscosity. PLA2 and Ca++ were applied to cells suspended in viscous medium to induce hemolysis. It was found that the hemolysis is inhibited in direct proportion to increasing viscosity of the extracellular fluid. This phenomenon was observed with aggregated as well as disaggregated RBC. To examine whether the viscosity interferes with the accessibility of the enzyme to the cell, the medium viscosity was modified after binding of the enzyme to the cells; PLA2 was added to a RBC suspension in the presence of Ba++ which binds the enzyme to the cell membrane but does not activate it. The cell-enzyme complex was separated by gel filtration and suspended in viscous medium in the presence of Ca++ which activates the reaction. Also in this case RBC lysis was inhibited as the medium viscosity was increased. It is proposed that the action of PLA2 on RBC membrane is regulated by the viscosity of the cell surface aqueous environment.
Epithelial Smad4 Deletion Up-Regulates Inflammation and Promotes Inflammation-Associated Cancer (2018)

TGFβ suppresses the expression of proinflammatory genes in the colon epithelium, and loss of its downstream mediator, SMAD4, is sufficient to initiate inflammation-driven colon cancer. Transcript profiling: GSE100082.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Phosphonium Salts from Aryl Halides and Triphenylphosphine (2008)

Abstract An efficient method to synthesize functionalized tetraarylphosphonium salts is described. The nickel‐catalyzed coupling reaction between aryl iodides, bromides, chlorides, or triflates and triphenylphosphine generates tetraarylphosphonium salts in high yields. The coupling is wide in scope and tolerates a variety of functional groups such as alcohols, amides, ketones, aldehydes, phenols, phosphines and amines.
Interpretable High-Dimensional Inference Via Score Projection With an Application in Neuroimaging (2018)

In the fields of neuroimaging and genetics, a key goal is testing the association of a single outcome with a very high-dimensional imaging or genetic variable. Often, summary measures of the high-dimensional variable are created to sequentially test and localize the association with the outcome. In some cases, the associations between the outcome and summary measures are significant, but subsequent tests used to localize differences are underpowered and do not identify regions associated with the outcome. Here, we propose a generalization of Rao's score test based on projecting the score statistic onto a linear subspace of a high-dimensional parameter space. The approach provides a way to localize signal in the high-dimensional space by projecting the scores to the subspace where the score test was performed. This allows for inference in the high-dimensional space to be performed on the same degrees of freedom as the score test, effectively reducing the number of comparisons. Simulation results demonstrate the test has competitive power relative to others commonly used. We illustrate the method by analyzing a subset of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset. Results suggest cortical thinning of the frontal and temporal lobes may be a useful biological marker of Alzheimer's disease risk.
Abstract 4535: The mTOR complex 2 promotes glioblastoma migration via the interactions with multiple actin-binding and microtubule-associated proteins (2019)

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is one of the two multiprotein complexes in the mTOR signaling pathway. It regulates several cellular activities such as cell survival, lipid metabolism, DNA damage control, and cell motility. The mTORC2 has been reported to be involved in the promotion of metabolic reprogramming, cancer migration, and cancer invasiveness in glioblastoma. However, underlying mechanisms and roles of this particular complex in glioblastoma migration has not been completely elucidated. Previously, we characterized the mTORC2-associated interactome by affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS) technique, identifying new RICTOR-interacting partners. In addition, we also investigated the localization of RICTOR under different culture conditions and found that it correlates with migration ability of the cancer cells. When mTORC2 activity is high resulting in increased migration, RICTOR tends to localize around the cell membrane. In this work, we further determined crucial players that interact with mTORC2 to control actin cytoskeleton and microtubule dynamics to promote migration. The results from quantitative proteomic analysis of mTORC2-associated interactome suggested that the amount of certain actin-binding proteins and microtubule-associated proteins significantly changed depending on mTORC2 activity level including Gelsolin, Myosin-9, Plectin, and MAP1B. When mTORC2 signaling was inhibited resulting in reduced migration, these proteins were found to be less interacting with mTORC2. Moreover, the results also indicated that active mTORC2 links both actin cytoskeleton and microtubules together to promote migration in glioblastoma cells. Depletion of RICTOR and inhibition of mTORC2 disrupted the connection between microtubules and cell membrane. Taken together, this work provided a plausible mechanism underlying the regulation of enhanced migration in brain cancer cells.Citation Format: Naphat Chantaravisoot, Piriya Wongkongkathep, Narawit Pacharakullanon, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi, Joseph A. Loo, Trairak Pisitkun. The mTOR complex 2 promotes glioblastoma migration via the interactions with multiple actin-binding and microtubule-associated proteins [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4535.
Table S1 from <i>SLC43A3</i> Is a Biomarker of Sensitivity to the Telomeric DNA Damage Mediator 6-Thio-2′-Deoxyguanosine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1&lt;/p&gt;
Shear Wave Measurements for Evaluation of Tendon Diseases (2016)

This paper investigated the feasibility of using supersonic shear wave measurements to quantitatively differentiate normal and damaged tendons based on their mechanical properties. Five freshly harvested porcine tendons excised from pig legs were used. Tendon damage was induced by incubating the tendons with a 1% w/v collagenase solution. Values of shear modulus were derived both by a time-of-flight (TOF) approach and a transverse isotropic plate model (TI-model). The results show that as the preload applied to the tendon increased from 0 to 3 N, the mean shear modulus derived based on the TOF approach, the TI-model, and Young's modulus estimated from mechanical testing increased from 14.6 to 89.9 kPa, 53.9 to 348 kPa, and from 1.45 to 10.36 MPa, respectively, in untreated tendons, and from 8.4 to 67 kPa, 28 to 258 kPa, and from 0.93 to 7.2 MPa in collagenase-treated tendons. Both the TOF approach and the TI-model correlated well with the changes in Young's modulus. Although there is bias on the estimation of shear modulus using the TOF approach, it still provides statistical significance to differentiate normal and damaged tendons. Our data indicate that supersonic shear wave imaging is a valuable imaging technique to assess tendon stiffness dynamics and characterize normal and collagenase-damaged tendons.
Lanthanide Aluminates as Dielectrics for Non-Volatile Memory Applications: Material Aspects (2011)

The lanthanide aluminates GdAlO <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML1" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> and LuAlO <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML2" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> have been examined for integration into advanced non-volatile memory devices. From a materials point of view, a number of physical properties of the material need to be understood prior to successful device integration, such as e.g. band gap, dielectric permittivity, or crystallization behavior. In addition to these material properties, the layers may have to withstand high thermal budgets during device processing such that thermal stability and interdiffusion in contact with surrounding materials become important.
Statin Use and Hospitalization for Sepsis in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (2007)

Use of statins was strongly and independently associated with a reduction in the risk of sepsis events [corrected] in patients who had chronic kidney disease and were receiving dialysis. Randomized trials of statins in patients with chronic kidney disease should examine the prevention of sepsis as a potentially important benefit.
Albumin Clusters:  Structurally Defined Protein Tetramer and Oxygen Carrier Including Thirty-Two Iron(II) Porphyrins (2005)

Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) clusters have been synthesized and physicochemically characterized. Cross-linking between the Lys groups of the core albumin and a unique Cys-34 of the shell albumins with an N-succinimidyl-6-[3'-(2-pyridyldithio)propionamido]hexanoate produced the structurally defined rHSA trimer and tetramer. MALDI-TOF-MS showed a single peak with the triple and quadruple masses of rHSA. Their molar ellipticities and the isoelectric points (pI = 4.8) are all identical to those of the monomer, suggesting that the essential structures of the albumin units were intact. TEM observations demonstrated a uniform morphology of the rHSA tetramer with a diameter of 20-30 nm. The circulation half-life (tau1/2) of the 125I-labeled rHSA tetramer in rat (5.5 h) was significantly longer than that of the monomer (2.3 h) due to the low ratio of the distribution phase (alpha-phase). A total of 24 and 32 molecules of the synthetic iron(II) porphyrins (FePs) are incorporated into the hydrophobic cavities of the rHSA trimer and tetramer, respectively, producing huge artificial hemoproteins. These albumin-heme clusters can reversibly bind and release O2 under physiological conditions (37 degrees C, pH 7.3) and showed similar O2-binding properties (O2-binding affinity, association and dissociation rate constants) to those of the corresponding monomer. A large volume of O2 can be chemically dissolved into the albumin-heme cluster solutions relative to the monomeric rHSA-FeP when the molar concentration of the albumin scaffold is identical.
Emergence of Oseltamivir-Resistant H7N9 Influenza Viruses in Immunosuppressed Cynomolgus Macaques (2017)

Antiviral compounds (eg, the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir) are invaluable for the treatment of individuals infected with influenza A viruses of the H7N9 subtype (A[H7N9]), which have infected and killed hundreds of persons. However, oseltamivir treatment often leads to the emergence of resistant viruses in immunocompromised individuals. To better understand the emergence and properties of oseltamivir-resistant A(H7N9) viruses in immunosuppressed individuals, we infected immunosuppressed cynomolgus macaques with an A(H7N9) virus and treated them with oseltamivir. Disease severity and mortality were higher in immunosuppressed than in immunocompetent animals. Oseltamivir treatment at 2 different doses reduced A(H7N9) viral titers in infected animals, but even high-dose oseltamivir did not block viral replication sufficiently to suppress the emergence of resistant variants. Some resistant variants were not appreciably attenuated in cultured cells, but an oseltamivir-resistant A(H7N9) virus did not transmit among ferrets. These findings are useful for the control of A(H7N9) virus infections in clinical settings.
A RADICAL APPROACH TO DIAGNOSING INFECTION (2015)

SCOPUS: no.j
Synthesis and functionalization of poly(ethylene-co-dicyclopentadiene) (1999)

Copolymerizations of ethylene with endo-dicyclopentadiene (DCP) were performed by using Cp2ZrCl2 (Cp = Cyclopentadienyl), Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (Ind = Indenyl), and Ph2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2 (Flu = Fluorenyl) combined with MAO as cocatalyst. Among these three metallocenes, Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 showed the highest catalyst performance for the copolymerization. From 1H-NMR analysis, it was found that DCP was copolymerized through enchainment of norbornene rings. The copolymer was then epoxidated by reacting with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. 13C-NMR spectrum of the resulting copolymer indicated the quantitative conversion of olefinic to epoxy groups. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 103–108, 1999
A surface reconstruction method for in-detail underwater 3D optical mapping (2014)

Underwater range scanning techniques are starting to gain interest in underwater exploration, providing new tools to represent the seafloor. These scans (often) acquired by underwater robots usually result in an unstructured point cloud, but given the common downward-looking or forward-looking configuration of these sensors with respect to the scene, the problem of recovering a piecewise linear approximation representing the scene is normally solved by approximating these 3D points using a heightmap (2.5D). Nevertheless, this representation is not able to correctly represent complex structures, especially those presenting arbitrary concavities normally exhibited in underwater objects. We present a method devoted to full 3D surface reconstruction that does not assume any specific sensor configuration. The method presented is robust to common defects in raw scanned data such as outliers and noise often present in extreme environments such as underwater, both for sonar and optical surveys. Moreover, the proposed method does not need a manual preprocessing step. It is also generic as it does not need any information other than the points themselves to work. This property leads to its wide application to any kind of range scanning technologies and we demonstrate its versatility by using it on synthetic data, controlled laser scans, and multibeam sonar surveys. Finally, and given the unbeatable level of detail that optical methods can provide, we analyze the application of this method on optical datasets related to biology, geology and archeology.
Multisite reliability and repeatability of an advanced brain MRI protocol (2019)

1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:878-888.
Data from Loss of 53BP1 Causes PARP Inhibitor Resistance in <i>Brca1</i>-Mutated Mouse Mammary Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Inhibition of PARP is a promising therapeutic strategy for homologous recombination–deficient tumors, such as BRCA1-associated cancers. We previously reported that BRCA1-deficient mouse mammary tumors may acquire resistance to the clinical PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib through activation of the P-glycoprotein drug efflux transporter. Here, we show that tumor-specific genetic inactivation of P-glycoprotein increases the long-term response of BRCA1-deficient mouse mammary tumors to olaparib, but these tumors eventually developed PARPi resistance. In a fraction of cases, this resistance is caused by partial restoration of homologous recombination due to somatic loss of 53BP1. Importantly, PARPi resistance was minimized by long-term treatment with the novel PARP inhibitor AZD2461, which is a poor P-glycoprotein substrate. Together, our data suggest that restoration of homologous recombination is an important mechanism for PARPi resistance in BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors and that the risk of relapse of BRCA1-deficient tumors can be effectively minimized by using optimized PARP inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; In this study, we show that loss of 53BP1 causes resistance to PARP inhibition in mouse mammary tumors that are deficient in BRCA1. We hypothesize that low expression or absence of 53BP1 also reduces the response of patients with BRCA1-deficient tumors to PARP inhibitors. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Discov; 3(1); 68–81. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;See related commentary by Fojo and Bates, p. 20&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;