gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Hardness Characteristics of Hail through Compressive Strength Measurements (2015)

Abstract Throughout historical literature anecdotal or visual observations have been used to describe the hardness property of hailstones (e.g., hard, soft, slushy). A unique field measurement device was designed and built to apply a compressive force to the point of fracture on hailstones in the field. The device uses a pistol-grip clamp to apply a compressive load to a hailstone and integrates a fast-response load cell and associated data acquisition components to measure the applied force through the point of fracture. The strain rate applied to the stone is fast enough to produce a brittle failure, and the peak compressive force is appropriately scaled by the cross-sectional area to produce a compressive stress value. When compared to an Instron universal testing machine (UTM), the field measurement device exhibited a low bias induced by measurement hardware sampling limits. When a low-pass filter was applied to the Instron data to replicate the hardware properties of the field measurement device, good agreement was found for compressive force tests performed on laboratory ice spheres, and it was clear the device was capturing a relative measure of strength. The mean compressive stress for natural hail was similar to that of pure ice spheres, but individual thunderstorm events exhibited variability. Laboratory ice spheres also showed significant variability, which argues for large sample sizes when testing any material for impact resistance.
Monitoring pH Swing Crystallization of Nicotinic Acid by the Use of Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (2000)

Nicotinic acid is crystallized by adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) to a sodium nicotinate aqueous solution. An attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is used to monitor the crystallization process of nicotinic acid. The partial least squares method is employed for IR data analysis. The solubility of nicotinic acid varies with the pH and the concentration of sodium nicotinate. The ability to measure the concentration and solubility of nicotinic acid in situ in aqueous mixtures of nicotinic acid and sodium nicotinate provides the possibility of controlling the degree of supersaturation of the solution and in turn optimizing the crystallization conditions for nicotinic acid.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE HYDRODYNAMIC FORCE AND STRUM CHARACTERISTICS OF STRANDED CABLES (1987)

The Naval Coastal Systems Center performed a series of cable tests in the high-speed tow basin at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Steady and unsteady lift and drag characteristics and strum responses were measured for five twisted wire ropes. Fourteen-foot cable models were tensioned between two struts and towed over a velocity range of 2 to 10 knots with yaw angles varying from 20 to 90 degrees. From the mean steady force data, lift and drag loading functions were developed for each cable. The force and strum characteristics of the cables were compared with results from previous tests of circular cylinders and cable sat yaw angles. Keywords: Hydrodynamic forces; Measurement; Stranded cables; Drag measurement; Wire rope; Lift; Towed cables, Cables.
THE EFFECT OF INOSINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CYCLING PERFORMANCE 487 (1996)

Ten competitive male cyclists completed a Wingate Bike Test (WIN), a 30 min self-paced cycling performance bout (END), and a constant load, supramaximal cycling sprint (SPN) to fatigue following 5 days of oral supplementation(5,000 mg* day-1) with inosine and placebo. Blood samples were obtained prior to and following both supplementation periods, and following each cycling test. Uric acid concentration was higher (P<0.05) following supplementation with inosine versus placebo, but no difference in 2,3-DPG concentration was present. The data from WIN demonstrate that there were no significant differences in peak power (618 ±25 vs. 617 ±25 W), end power (503 ±15 vs. 504 ±17 W), fatigue index (18 ±2 vs. 18 ±2%), total work completed (33 ±1 vs. 33 ±1 kJ), and post-lactate (12.2 ±0.5 vs. 12.9 ±0.6 mmol·l-1) between the inosine and placebo trials, respectively. No difference was present in the amount of work produced (446 ±18 vs. 442 ±20 kJ) or post-lactate (8.4 ±1.0 vs. 9.9 ±1.3 mmol·l-1) during END between the inosine and placebo trials, respectively. Time to fatigue was longer (P<0.05) during SPN for the placebo (109.7 ±5.6 s) versus the inosine (99.7 ±6.9 s) trial, but post-lactate (14.8 ±0.7 vs. 14.6 ±0.8 mmol·l-1) was not different between the treatments, respectively. These findings demonstrate that prolonged inosine supplementation does not appear to improve aerobic performance and short-term power production during cycling, and may actually have an ergolytic effect under some test conditions.
SPHINCTERIC STENT VERSUS EXTERNAL SPHINCTEROTOMY IN SPINAL CORD INJURED MEN: PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER TRIAL (1999)

The UroLume stent is as effective as conventional external sphincterotomy for treating external detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. However, sphincteric stent placement is advantageous because it involves shorter hospitalization and is potentially reversible.
Spectral sharpening: sensor transformations for improved color constancy (1994)

We develop sensor transformations, collectively called spectral sharpening, that convert a given set of sensor sensitivity functions into a new set that will improve the performance of any color-constancy algorithm that is based on an independent adjustment of the sensor response channels. Independent adjustment of multiplicative coefficients corresponds to the application of a diagonal-matrix transform (DMT) to the sensor response vector and is a common feature of many theories of color constancy. Land's retinex and von Kries adaptation in particular. We set forth three techniques for spectral sharpening. Sensor-based sharpening focuses on the production of new sensors as linear combinations of the given ones such that each new sensor has its spectral sensitivity concentrated as much as possible within a narrow band of wavelengths. Data-based sharpening, on the other hand, extracts new sensors by optimizing the ability of a DMT to account for a given illumination change by examining the sensor response vectors obtained from a set of surfaces under two different illuminants. Finally in perfect sharpening we demonstrate that, if illumination and surface reflectance are described by two- and three-parameter finite-dimensional models, there exists a unique optimal sharpening transform. All three sharpening methods yield similar results. When sharpened cone sensitivities are used as sensors, a DMT models illumination change extremely well. We present simulation results suggesting that in general nondiagonal transforms can do only marginally better. Our sharpening results correlate well with the psychophysical evidence of spectral sharpening in the human visual system.
(Keynote) Solid Electrolytes and Metallic Lithium Anodes (2016)

The development of oxide cathodes enabled the Li-ion rechargeable battery of the wireless revolution, but the extension to large-battery applications has been hampered by safety concerns and the assumption that it is not possible to plate an alkali-metal anode on charge without dendrite formation. The development of a glass from which metallic lithium or sodium can be plated without dendrites and that has a Li+ or Na+ conductivity greater than 10-2 S/cm at room temperature with an activation energy less than 0.1 eV for cation mobility offers a safe, long-cycle-life promise for large rechargeable alkali-metal batteries.
Detection of Electric Arcs in Large Batteries (2013)

This paper addresses the precocious detection of electric arcs in an electric vehicle battery generated by a connector fault. The detection principle is based on the acoustic emission of the arc. First, the identification of the electric arc acoustic signature as well as disturbances in the environment of detection has been realized. Subsequently, we have been focused on the propagation of acoustic waves emitted by the arc in the confined environment of the battery. We proposed a detection method based on correlation whose performance was evaluated. Finally, a localization system based on signal time-difference-of-arrival estimation and triangulation is described and assessed. A demonstrator has been developed and validates the detection performance.
Anatomy of a gift recommendation engine powered by social media (2012)

More and more people conduct their shopping online [1], especially during the holiday season [2]. Shopping online offers a lot of convenience, including the luxury of shopping from home, the ease of research, better prices, and in many cases access to unique products not available in stores.
Application of Hydrothermal Time Models to Predict Sclerotial Germination of Athelia rolfsii (2023)

<i>Athelia rolfsii</i>, causal agent of "southern blight" disease, is a soilborne fungal pathogen with a wide host range of more than 500 species. This study's objectives were to (i) quantify the effects of two environmental factors, temperature and soil moisture, on germination of <i>A. rolfsii</i> inoculum (sclerotia), which is a critical event for the onset of disease epidemics and (ii) predict the timing of sclerotial germination by applying population-based threshold-type hydrothermal time (HTT) models. We conducted in vitro germination experiments with three isolates of <i>A. rolfsii</i> isolated from peanuts, which were tested at five temperatures (<i>T</i>), ranging from 17 to 40°C, four matric potentials (Ψ<i>m</i>) between -0.12 and -1.57 MPa, and two soil types (fine sand and loamy fine sand), using a factorial design. When Ψ<i>m</i> was maintained between -0.12 and -0.53 MPa, <i>T</i> from 22 to 34°C was found to be conducive to sclerotial germination (>50%). The HTT models were fitted for a range of <i>T</i> (22 to 34°C) and Ψ<i>m</i> (-0.12 to -1.57 MPa) that accounted for 84% or more of variation in the timing of sclerotial germination. The estimated base <i>T</i> ranged between 0 and 4.5°C and the estimated base Ψ<i>m</i> between -2.96 and -1.52 MPa. The results suggest that the HTT modeling approach is a suitable means of predicting the timing of <i>A. rolfsii</i> sclerotial germination. This HTT methodology can potentially be tested to fine-tune fungicide application timing and in-season <i>A. rolfsii</i> management strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
A storage format for electronic comic services and its application (2007)

In this paper, we propose an integrated storage format for comic contents to provide the convenience of paper book with the advantage of the electronic form. The proposed e-comic storage format packages comic images with related information such as additional contents, bibliographic information, user information and related contents based on the ISO base media file format that facilitates interchange, management, editing, and presentation of comic contents. An e-comic viewer according to the proposed format is implemented and verified on the proposed application scenarios. With the proposed method, it is possible to give users richer consumption experiences.
Nickel-catalyzed C–H alkylation of indoles with unactivated alkyl chlorides: evidence of a Ni(i)/Ni(iii) pathway (2019)

A mild and efficient nickel-catalyzed method for the coupling of unactivated primary and secondary alkyl chlorides with the C-H bond of indoles and pyrroles is described which demonstrates a high level of chemo and regioselectivity. The reaction tolerates numerous functionalities, such as halide, alkenyl, alkynyl, ether, thioether, furanyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl and carbazolyl groups including acyclic and cyclic alkyls under the reaction conditions. Mechanistic investigation highlights that the alkylation proceeds through a single-electron transfer (SET) process with Ni(i)-species being the active catalyst. Overall, the alkylation follows a Ni(i)/Ni(iii) pathway involving the rate-influencing two-step single-electron oxidative addition of alkyl chlorides.
Prediction of Long-Term Creep Rupture Life of Grade 122 Steel by Multiregion Analysis (2014)

Conventional time-temperature-parameter (TTP) methods often overestimate long-term rupture life of creep strength enhanced ferritic steels. Decrease in activation energy Q for rupture life in long-term creep is the cause of the overestimation, since the TTP methods cannot deal with the change in Q. Creep rupture data of a heat of Gr.122 steel (up to 26,200 h) were divided into several data sets so that Q was unique in each divided data set. Then a TTP method was applied to each divided data set for rupture life prediction. This is the procedure of multiregion analysis of creep rupture data. The predicted rupture lives have been reported in literature. Long-term rupture lives (up to 51,400 h) of the same heat of the steel have been published in 2013. The multiregion analysis of creep rupture life can predict properly the long-term lives reported. Stress and temperature dependences of rupture life show similar behavior among different heats. Therefore, database on results of the multiregion analyses of various heats of the steel is helpful for rupture life estimation of another heat.
Piceatannol SNEDDS Attenuates Estradiol-Induced Endometrial Hyperplasia in Rats by Modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Axes (2022)

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is the most common risk factor for endometrial malignancy in females. The pathogenesis of EH has been directly linked to uterine inflammation, which can result in abnormal cell division and decreased apoptosis. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural polyphenolic stilbene, is known to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential preventive role of PIC in estradiol benzoate (EB)-induced EH in rats. A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was prepared to improve the solubility of the PIC. Therefore, thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) PIC SNEDDS (10 mg/kg), (3) EB (0.6 mg/kg), (4) EB + PIC SNEDDS (5 mg/kg) and (5) EB + PIC SNEDDS (10 mg/kg). The administration of PIC SNEDDS prevented EB-induced increases in uterine weights and histopathological changes. Additionally, it displayed pro-apoptotic and antioxidant activity in the endometrium. Immunohistochemical staining of uterine sections co-treated with PIC SNEDDS showed significantly decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB). This anti-inflammatory effect was further confirmed by a significant increase in Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. These results indicate that SNEDDS nanoformulation of PIC possesses protective effects against experimentally induced EH.
Comment on mr-2021-34 (2021)

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Electromagnetic reciprocity has long been a staple in magnetic resonance (MR) radio-frequency development, offering geometrical insights and a figure of merit for various resonator designs. In a similar manner, we use magnetostatic reciprocity to compute manufacturable solutions of complex magnet geometries, by establishing a quantitative metric for the placement and subsequent orientation of discrete pieces of permanent magnetic material. Based on magnetostatic theory and non-linear finite element modelling (FEM) simulations, it is shown how assembled permanent magnet setups perform in the embodiment of a variety of designs and how magnetostatic reciprocity is leveraged in the presence of difficulties associated with self-interactions, to fulfil various design objectives, including self-assembled micro-magnets, adjustable magnetic arrays, and an unbounded magnetic field intensity in a small volume, despite realistic saturation field strengths.
Adaptive Parameter Modulation of Deep Brain Stimulation Based on Improved Supervisory Algorithm (2021)

Clinically deployed deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease operates in an open loop with fixed stimulation parameters, and this may result in high energy consumption and suboptimal therapy. The objective of this manuscript is to establish, through simulation in a computational model, a closed-loop control system that can automatically adjust the stimulation parameters to recover normal activity in model neurons. Exaggerated beta band activity is recognized as a hallmark of Parkinson's disease and beta band activity in model neurons of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) was used as the feedback signal to control DBS of the GPi. Traditional proportional controller and proportional-integral controller were not effective in eliminating the error between the target level of beta power and the beta power under Parkinsonian conditions. To overcome the difficulties in tuning the controller parameters and improve tracking performance in the case of changes in the plant, a supervisory control algorithm was implemented by introducing a Radial Basis Function (RBF) network to build the inverse model of the plant. Simulation results show the successful tracking of target beta power in the presence of changes in Parkinsonian state as well as during dynamic changes in the target level of beta power. Our computational study suggests the feasibility of the RBF network-driven supervisory control algorithm for real-time modulation of DBS parameters for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
An extra dimension in protein tagging by quantifying universal proteotypic peptides using targeted proteomics (2016)

The use of protein tagging to facilitate detailed characterization of target proteins has not only revolutionized cell biology, but also enabled biochemical analysis through efficient recovery of the protein complexes wherein the tagged proteins reside. The endogenous use of these tags for detailed protein characterization is widespread in lower organisms that allow for efficient homologous recombination. With the recent advances in genome engineering, tagging of endogenous proteins is now within reach for most experimental systems, including mammalian cell lines cultures. In this work, we describe the selection of peptides with ideal mass spectrometry characteristics for use in quantification of tagged proteins using targeted proteomics. We mined the proteome of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus to obtain two peptides that are unique in the proteomes of all known model organisms (proteotypic) and allow sensitive quantification of target proteins in a complex background. By combining these 'Proteotypic peptides for Quantification by SRM' (PQS peptides) with epitope tags, we demonstrate their use in co-immunoprecipitation experiments upon transfection of protein pairs, or after introduction of these tags in the endogenous proteins through genome engineering. Endogenous protein tagging for absolute quantification provides a powerful extra dimension to protein analysis, allowing the detailed characterization of endogenous proteins.
Ultrasonic Retinal Neuromodulation and Acoustic Retinal Prosthesis (2020)

Ultrasound is an emerging method for non-invasive neuromodulation. Studies in the past have demonstrated that ultrasound can reversibly activate and inhibit neural activities in the brain. Recent research shows the possibility of using ultrasound ranging from 0.5 to 43 MHz in acoustic frequency to activate the retinal neurons without causing detectable damages to the cells. This review recapitulates pilot studies that explored retinal responses to the ultrasound exposure, discusses the advantages and limitations of the ultrasonic stimulation, and offers an overview of engineering perspectives in developing an acoustic retinal prosthesis. For comparison, this article also presents studies in the ultrasonic stimulation of the visual cortex. Despite that, the summarized research is still in an early stage; ultrasonic retinal stimulation appears to be a viable technology that exhibits enormous therapeutic potential for non-invasive vision restoration.
Supplementary Data from Preclinical Evaluation of IMGC936, a Next-Generation Maytansinoid-based Antibody–drug Conjugate Targeting ADAM9-expressing Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Data from Preclinical Evaluation of IMGC936, a Next-Generation Maytansinoid-based Antibody–drug Conjugate Targeting ADAM9-expressing Tumors
A Comparison of Subvastus and Midvastus Approaches in Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty (2010)

The minimally invasive subvastus and midvastus approaches for total knee arthroplasty were both associated with excellent short-term clinical results. Some surgeons believe that the subvastus approach completely avoids damage to the quadriceps mechanism and therefore would be associated with improved muscle function. This prospective series did not identify a substantive difference between the two approaches. We believe that the decision between these surgical approaches should be based on surgeon preference and experience.
Optimized Translocator Protein Ligand for Optical Molecular Imaging and Screening (2017)

Translocator protein (TSPO) is a validated target for molecular imaging of a variety of human diseases and disorders. Given its involvement in cholesterol metabolism, TSPO expression is commonly elevated in solid tumors, including glioma, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. TSPO ligands capable of detection by optical imaging are useful molecular tracers for a variety of purposes that range from quantitative biology to drug discovery. Leveraging our prior optimization of the pyrazolopyrimidine TSPO ligand scaffold for cancer imaging, we report herein a new generation of TSPO tracers with superior binding affinity and suitability for optical imaging and screening. In total, seven candidate TSPO tracers were synthesized and vetted in this study; the most promising tracer identified (29, K<sub>d</sub> = 0.19 nM) was the result of conjugating a high-affinity TSPO ligand to a fluorophore used routinely in biological sciences (FITC) via a functional carbon linker of optimal length. Computational modeling suggested that an n-alkyl linker of eight carbons in length allows for positioning of the bulky fluorophore distal to the ligand binding domain and toward the solvent interface, minimizing potential ligand-protein interference. Probe 29 was found to be highly suitable for in vitro imaging of live TSPO-expressing cells and could be deployed as a ligand screening and discovery tool. Competitive inhibition of probe 29 quantified by fluorescence and <sup>3</sup>H-PK11195 quantified by traditional radiometric detection resulted in equivalent affinity data for two previously reported TSPO ligands. This study introduces the utility of TSPO ligand 29 for in vitro imaging and screening and provides a structural basis for the development of future TSPO imaging ligands bearing bulky signaling moieties.