gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Paclitaxel-resistant cells have a mutation in the paclitaxel-binding region of β-tubulin (Asp<sup>26</sup>Glu) and less stable microtubules (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Resistance to paclitaxel-based therapy is frequently encountered in the clinic. The mechanisms of intrinsic or acquired paclitaxel resistance are not well understood. We sought to characterize the resistance mechanisms that develop upon chronic exposure of a cancer cell line to paclitaxel in the presence of the P-glycoprotein reversal agent, CL-347099. The epidermoid tumor line KB-3-1 was exposed to increasing concentrations of paclitaxel and 5 μmol/L CL-347099 for up to 1 year. Cells grown in 15 nmol/L paclitaxel plus CL-347099 (KB-15-PTX/099) developed 18-fold resistance to paclitaxel and were dependent upon paclitaxel for maximal growth. They grew well and retained resistance to paclitaxel when grown in athymic mice. Cross-resistance (3- to 5-fold) was observed in tissue culture to docetaxel, the novel taxane MAC-321, and epothilone B. Collateral sensitivity (∼3-fold) was observed to the depolymerizing agents vinblastine, dolastatin-10, and HTI-286. KB-15-PTX/099–resistant cells did not overexpress P-glycoprotein nor did they have an alteration of [&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C]paclitaxel accumulation compared with parental cells. However, a novel point mutation (T to A) resulting in Asp&lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt; to glutamate substitution in class I (M40) β-tubulin was found. Based on an electron crystallography structure of Zn-stabilized tubulin sheets, the phenyl ring of C-3′ NHCO-C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; of paclitaxel makes contact with Asp&lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt; of β-tubulin, suggesting a ligand-induced mutation. Optimized model complexes of paclitaxel, docetaxel, and MAC-321 in β-tubulin show a novel hydrogen bonding pattern for the glutamate mutant and rationalize the observed resistance profiles. However, a mutation in the paclitaxel binding pocket does not explain the phenotype completely. KB-15-PTX/099 cells have impaired microtubule stability as determined by a reduced percentage of tubulin in microtubules and reflected by less acetylated tubulin. These results suggest that a mutation in tubulin might affect microtubule stability as well as drug binding and contribute to the observed resistance profile. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(2):270–8]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Multi-functional Coexistence of Radar-Sensing and Communication\n Waveforms (2020)

In this study, a novel transmission scheme is proposed to serve radar-sensing\nand communication objectives at the same time and allocated bandwidth. The\nproposed transmitted frame non-orthogonally superimposes two different\nwaveforms, which are frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) for\nradar-sensing and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for\ncommunication. Also, the receiver scheme that performs channel estimation via\nradar-sensing functionality without degrading data rate of communication\noperation is introduced. As numerically evaluated, the proposed system achieves\ngood sensing accuracy even if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, and\ncommunication performance is only 0.6 dB less at the target bit-error rate\n(BER) of 1% compared to the assumption of perfect channel state information\n(CSI) without any pilot overhead over OFDM subcarriers.\n
Synthesis and X‐Ray Information of Substituted gem‐Difluoroallenyl Amines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of a Novel Transgenic Mouse/SCID‐hu Mouse System to Characterize the In Vivo Behavior of Reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1–Infected Cells (2002)

To develop a system in which transgenic and knockout technologies are used to study the in vivo behavior of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoirs, 2 different mouse models were combined: transgenic mice carrying full-length provirus encoding the monocyte-tropic HIV-1(JR-CSF) isolate (JR-CSF mice) and severe combined immunodeficient mice implanted with human fetal thymus and liver tissues (thy/liv-SCID-hu mice). Extensive HIV-1 infection of human thymic implants occurred after injection of JR-CSF mouse leukocytes into thy/liv-SCID-hu mice, indicating that these cells provide an in vivo source of replication-competent HIV-1. In vivo persistence of transferred JR-CSF mouse leukocytes carrying replication-competent HIV-1 in thy/liv-SCID-hu mice was indicated by the emergence of HIV-1 infection in mice that had no detectable HIV-1 infection until after highly active antiretroviral therapy. Thus, thy/liv-SCID-hu mice populated with JR-CSF mouse leukocytes, a persistent cellular reservoir harboring replication-competent HIV-1, present a new in vivo system for characterizing reservoirs of HIV-1 and evaluating therapeutic strategies designed to eliminate them.
Computational Simulations of Ocular Blast Loading and Prediction of Eye Injury Risk (2012)

Ocular injury from blast loading is associated with severe ocular morbidity and visual impairment [1]. Improvised explosive devices are a common cause of ocular injury and were responsible for 51% of ocular war injuries in a study by Mader et al [2].
The Development and applications of a novel PWM spectral analysis technique (2017)

Existing PWM analysis techniques are mathematically intensive processes and are not directly compatible with the analysis of methods that feature variations in the switching frequency and/or complex commands. This paper presents a powerful and computationally efficient analysis technique of single phase and multi-phase systems that is suitable for any method of PWM, including standard, fixed switching period methods and those with some elements of variation or randomization in either the switching period or the PWM method. The method is evaluated using existing analysis techniques, and novel applications are explored.
The state of Ti in titanoaluminosilicates isomorphous with zeolite .beta. (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe state of Ti in titanoaluminosilicates isomorphous with zeolite .beta.T. Blasco, M. A. Camblor, A. Corma, and J. Perez-ParienteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 25, 11806–11813Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00078a020Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1455Altmetric-Citations314LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (919 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genomewide Identification of Protein Binding Locations Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Coupled with Microarray (2008)

Interactions between cis-acting elements and proteins play a key role in transcriptional regulation of all known organisms. To better understand these interactions, researchers developed a method that couples chromatin immunoprecipitation with microarrays (also known as ChIP-chip), which is capable of providing a whole-genome map of protein-DNA interactions. This versatile and high-throughput strategy is initiated by formaldehyde-mediated cross-linking of DNA and proteins, followed by cell lysis, DNA fragmentation, and immunopurification. The immunoprecipitated DNA fragments are then purified from the proteins by reverse-cross-linking followed by amplification, labeling, and hybridization to a whole-genome tiling microarray against a reference sample. The enriched signals obtained from the microarray then are normalized by the reference sample and used to generate the whole-genome map of protein-DNA interactions. The protocol described here has been used for discovering the genomewide distribution of RNA polymerase and several transcription factors of Escherichia coli.
Disulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Random Copolymer Blends Tuned for Rapid Water Permeation via Cation Complexation with Poly(ethylene glycol) Oligomers (2011)

Here we present fundamental studies of a new blending strategy for enhancing water permeability in ionomeric reverse osmosis membrane materials. A random disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer containing 20 mol percent hydrophilic units (BPS-20) in the potassium salt (−SO3K) form was blended with hydroxyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) oligomers (PEG, Mn= 600−2 000) to increase the water permeability of BPS-20. Blending PEG with the copolymer resulted in pseudoimmobilization of the BPS-20 polymer chains because PEG complexes with cations in the sulfonated polymer matrix. Strong ion−dipole interactions between the potassium ions of the BPS-20 sulfonate groups (−SO3K) and the PEG oxyethylene (−CH2CH2O−) groups were observed via NMR spectroscopy. These interactions are similar to those reported between crown ethers and free alkali metal systems. The PEG oligomers were compatible with the copolymer at 30 °C in an aqueous environment. Transparent and ductile BPS-20_PEG blend films exhibited a Fox−Flory-like glass transition temperature depression as the PEG volume fraction increased. This depression depended on both PEG chain length and concentration. Both ion−dipole interactions and high coordination of −CH2CH2O− with −SO3K yielded a defined and interconnected hydrophilic channel structure. The water permeability and free volume of BPS-20_PEG blend films containing 5 or 10 wt % PEG increased relative to BPS-20. The blend films, however, exhibited reduced sodium chloride (NaCl) rejection compared to BPS-20. Addition of PEG did not significantly alter the material’s dry- and hydrated-state mechanical properties. Unlike commercial state-of-the-art polyamide RO membranes, the blend materials do not degrade when exposed to aqueous chlorine (hypochlorite) at pH 4. This comprehensive suite of measurements provides understanding of the molecular and morphological features needed for rational design of next-generation, chlorine-tolerant water purification materials.
Operation of a 50-element two-dimensional smart-pixel receiver array (2002)

Two-dimensional arrays of optical receivers become interesting as we try to pack more information into smaller spaces, as might be encountered in optical interconnect applications. We have realized a two-dimensional array of such receivers, and coupled their outputs off-chip both electrically and optically, by using a previously described hybrid process whereby multiple-quantum-well modulator/detectors are attached to CMOS circuits. We have demonstrated 622 Mb/s operation of receivers in the array, and found that roughly a 2.5 dB penalty is incurred for operation of nearly the whole array as compared to an isolated element at 311 Mb/s.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Magnesium Alloys (2018)

The additive manufacturing process laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is increasingly used in industrial series production. Compared to other production technologies, LPBF lacks the range of commercially available materials. Magnesium alloys represent one of these unavailable alloys. Nevertheless, lightweight construction and medical applications would strongly benefit from magnesium alloys being used with LPBF, as magnesium alloys are the lightest structural metals and feature both biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, magnesium alloys are difficult to process with LPBF, particularly because of the high vapor pressure at melting temperature, since the interaction of laser radiation and metal vapor can significantly reduce part quality. Within the scope of this work, two suitable strategies for processing magnesium alloys with LPBF are developed. After selecting a suitable powder material, LPBF specimens made of the alloys AZ91 and WE43are analyzed with regard to microstructure and mechanical properties under static load. For both alloys LPBF specimens exhibit a fine microstructure with mostly equiaxed grains in the size of 1-3 μm. For both tensile and compressive loads, strength and ductility are significantly larger than for typical cast components. At the end of this thesis, various technology demonstrators are built to demonstrate the application-related feasibility of LPBF with magnesium alloys.
Biomechanical Differences Between Transfacet and Lateral Mass Screw-Rod Constructs for Multilevel Posterior Cervical Spine Stabilization (2008)

Transfacet screws (without rods) were found to have similar biomechanical stability compared to typical lateral mass screw + rod constructs. However, transfacet fixation eliminates the risk to the neurovascular structures and lowers the overall implant profile.
Discordance between lactic acidemia and hemodynamics in patients with advanced heart failure (2021)

In patients presenting with ADHF, normal LA levels do not exclude the presence of depressed CI (a hemodynamic criteria for cardiogenic shock) and may not offer accurate risk stratification. Invasive hemodynamics should not be delayed based on normal LA levels alone.
Refractive index extraction and thickness optimization of Cu2ZnSnSe4thin film solar cells (2015)

Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin film solar cells are promising emergent photovoltaic technologies based on low-bandgap absorber layer with high absorption coefficient. To reduce optical losses in such devices and thus improve their efficiency, numerical simulations of CZTSe solar cells optical characteristics can be performed based on individual optical properties of each layer present in the cell structure. In this contribution, we have first determined the optical coefficients of individual thin films (i.e., (n, k) of the absorber, buffer, and window layers) to build a realistic model simulating the optical behavior of the whole cell stack we propose. Optical characterization was performed using two approaches, one based on ellipsometry measurements for characterizing thin flat cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc oxide (ZnO) layers and the other relying on reflectance and transmission (R/T) analysis for the rough CZTSe absorber. Then, we performed numerical simulations using as input experimental optical parameters predicting optimal CZTSe cell structure minimizing optical losses. The impact of each layer's thickness on the cell's short-circuit current has been studied. A set of optimal thicknesses of each of the active layers was proposed. Finally, the proposed optical optimization was experimented practically leading to CZTSe cells with 9.7% and 10.4% efficiencies.
Appendix Mathematical models of the knee (2015)

Mathematical models make it possible to calculate the values of quantities which are difficult or impossible to measure and provide insights which are not obtained from experiment alone. They are a necessary adjunct to the experimental method, but are not a common feature of biological or clinical research. A model is based on a series of assumptions or hypotheses about the way a physical system works. It is validated by comparing its predictions with independent experimental measurement. Reasonable validation then gives confidence in the assumptions on which the model is based and in the predictions of quantities which cannot be measured. The purpose in presenting our models here is to explain the differences between unloaded and loaded motion described in Chapter 3.&#x0D;
Contrast‐enhanced whole‐heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography at 3 T with radial EPI (2011)

Whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography is a promising method for detecting coronary artery disease. However, the imaging time is relatively long (typically 10-15 min). The goal of this study was to implement a radial echo planar imaging sequence for contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography, with the aim of combining the scan efficiency of echo planar imaging with the motion insensitivity of radial k-space sampling. A self-calibrating phase correction technique was used to correct for off-resonance effects, trajectory measurement was used to correct for k-space trajectory errors, and variable density sampling was used in the partition direction to reduce streaking artifacts. Seven healthy volunteers and two patients were scanned with the proposed radial echo planar imaging sequence, and the images were compared with a traditional gradient echo and X-ray angiography techniques, respectively. Whole-heart images with the radial EPI technique were acquired with a resolution of 1.0 × 1.0 × 2.0 mm(3) in a scan time of 5 min. In healthy volunteers, the average image quality scores and visualized vessel lengths of the RCA and LAD were similar for the radial EPI and gradient echo techniques (P value > 0.05 for all). Anecdotal patient studies showed excellent agreement of the radial EPI technique with X-ray angiography.
Density-dependent survival of ehrlich ascites tumour cells in the presence of various substrates for energy metabolism (1985)

We have found that Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells, deprived of any carbon source, and suspended at a density of 2 X 10(5) cells/cm3, begin to die only after 12 h of starvation, though it is known that under these conditions they lose over 80% of their ATP within 30 min. Moreover, we have found that the viability of the cells incubated in the absence of any substrate for energy metabolism is strongly dependent on the density of the cell suspension, and can be significantly improved simply by increasing the suspension density. This prompted us to investigate the density dependence of the maintenance of EAT cell viability in the presence of various substrates for energy metabolism and metabolic intermediates. It was found that: Glucose ensures 48 h viability of EAT cells irrespective of suspension density. Fatty acids and pyruvate as sole carbon source do not improve EAT cell survival. In the presence of glutamine as sole carbon source the EAT cell survival shows dependence on cell-suspension density. At densities of 1.6 X 10(6) to 3.2 X 10(6) cells/cm3 the cell viability is maintained at least as well as in the presence of glucose, but at low cell-suspension densities glutamine does not support cell viability. In the presence of glutamine, addition of 1 mM-inosine and 1 mM-uridine ensures high cell survival irrespective of the cell-suspension density. In the presence of inosine or uridine (10 mM) as sole carbon source, the EAT cell survival is the same as in the presence of glucose and does not depend upon cell-suspension density. Guanosine is less effective, whereas adenosine has no effect at all on the maintenance of EAT cell viability for 48 h. There is no correlation at all between EAT cell survival and the rate of lactic acid production. At a cell-suspension density of 1.6 X 10(6) cells/cm3 the cell survival is of the same order in the presence of glutamine as in the presence of glucose, in spite of the fact that in the first case the rate of lactic acid production is more than 20 times lower. There is no correlation between the capacity of particular nucleosides to support EAT cell survival and their effects on glycolysis and oxygen consumption.
Integrated Visible-Light Liquid-Crystal Phase Modulator (2018)

An integrated liquid-crystal phase modulator for applications within the visible wavelength range is demonstrated. A threshold voltage of ±1.2V is shown and 24π phase shift is achieved within ±2.5V in a 500-μm-long modulator.
Neutral atoms for 2-qubit QUBO. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Syntheses, Structures, and Electroluminescence of New Blue/Green Luminescent Chelate Compounds:  Zn(2-py-in)2(THF), BPh2(2-py-in), Be(2-py-in)2, and BPh2(2-py-aza) [2-py-in = 2-(2-pyridyl)indole; 2-py-aza = 2-(2-pyridyl)-7-azaindole] (2000)

Four novel blue/green luminescent compounds, Zn(2-py-in)2(THF) (1), BPh2(2-py-in) (2), Be(2-py-in)2 (3), and BPh2(2-py-aza) (4), where 2-py-in = 2-(2-pyridyl)indole and 2-py-aza = 2-(2-pyridyl)-7-azaindole, have been synthesized and fully characterized. The 2-py-in ligand and 2-py-aza ligand in the new compounds are chelated to the central atom. Compounds 2−4 are air stable and readily sublimable, with a melting point above 250 °C. In the solid state, compounds 1−4 have an emission maximum at λ 488, 516, 490, and 476 nm, respectively. The structures of compounds 2 and 4 are similar. The blue shift of emission energy displayed by compound 4, in comparison to that of 2, is attributed to the presence of an extra nitrogen atom in the 2-py-aza ligand as confirmed by ab initio calculations on compounds 2 and 4. Electroluminescent devices of compounds 3 and 4 were fabricated by using N,N‘-di-1-naphthyl-N,N‘-diphenylbenzidine (NPB) as the hole transporting layer, Alq3 (q = 8-hydroxyquinolato) as the electron transporting layer, and compound 3 or 4 as the light emitting layer. At 20 mA/cm2 the EL device of 3 has an external efficiency of 1.06 cd/A while the EL device of 4 has an external efficiency of 2.34 cd/A, demonstrating that compounds 3 and 4 are efficient and promising emitters in electroluminescent devices.
Align and Attend: Multimodal Summarization with Dual Contrastive Losses (2023)

The goal of multimodal summarization is to extract the most important information from different modalities to form output summaries. Unlike the unimodal summarization, the multimodal summarization task explicitly leverages cross-modal information to help generate more reliable and high-quality summaries. However, existing methods fail to leverage the temporal correspondence between different modalities and ignore the intrinsic correlation between different samples. To address this issue, we introduce Align and Attend Multimodal Summarization (A2Summ), a unified multimodal transformer-based model which can effectively align and attend the multimodal input. In addition, we propose two novel contrastive losses to model both inter-sample and intra-sample correlations. Extensive experiments on two standard video summarization datasets (TVSum and SumMe) and two multimodal summarization datasets (Daily Mail and CNN) demonstrate the superiority of A2Summ, achieving state-of-the-art performances on all datasets. Moreover, we collected a large-scale multimodal summarization dataset BLiSS, which contains livestream videos and transcribed texts with annotated summaries. Our code and dataset are publicly available at ~\url{https://boheumd.github.io/A2Summ/}.
Vascular tortuosity analysis in eyes with epiretinal membrane imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography (2022)

Changes in vascular distortion after ERM surgery can be measured using OCTA. The change in vessels around the macula became more linear; this was associated with visual outcomes after surgery.