gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The development of an autonomous space robot operation testbed: ASROT. (1990)

We developed a two dimensional operation testbed for an autonomous free-flying space robot such as an orbital maneuvering vehicle. This system is named ASROT (Autonomous space robot operation testbed) . Basically, ASROT consists of a satellite robot, a target, a host computer and a planar base. A host computer is only used for observation and data gathering of the system. A satellite robot is a satellite which can establish various tasks with a manipulator. A satellite is 620mm (W) ×805mm (H) ×620mm (L) . Its weight is 120 kg. This system is floating on a planar base using air bearings, and is able to fly around using thrusters for position control and a control moment gyro for attitude control. A manipulator is a flexible arm and 1.4m long. This paper proposes an operating system which is needed for real time autonomous control. A satellite robot installs hardware systems such as vision systems, board computers, image processing units, and software systems such as algorithms for path planning.
Determination of Coenzyme Q9 and Q10 in Developing Palm Fruits (2009)

Abstract A series of biochemical changes took place as oil palm fruits developed into maturity. Among these are the active synthesis of glycerides as well as unsaponifiable compounds such as carotenes, vitamin E, sterols and squalene. Coenzyme Q 9 and Q 10 were found to be present at different stages of the oil palm fruits development. The presence of coenzyme Q 9 was detected as early as 4 weeks after anthesis (WAA) and its concentration diminished as the oil palm fruits ripen. Coenzyme Q 10 on the other hand, can only be detected from 12WAA onwards and its concentration remained at an elevated level throughout the remaining development period of the oil palm fruits. Their occurrence pattern suggested that there is a strong relationship between the concentration of coenzyme Q 9 and coenzyme Q 10 with the age of the oil palm fruits.
Supplementary Video 4 from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by <i>In Vivo</i> Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics (2023)

Supplementary Video 4 from Analysis of Mitosis and Antimitotic Drug Responses in Tumors by &lt;i&gt;In Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Microscopy and Single-Cell Pharmacodynamics
Development and Characterization of a Novel Single-Cycle Recombinant-Virus Assay To Determine Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coreceptor Tropism (2006)

Most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains require either the CXCR4 or CCR5 chemokine receptor to efficiently enter cells. Blocking viral binding to these coreceptors is an attractive therapeutic target. Currently, several coreceptor antagonists are being evaluated in clinical trials that require characterization of coreceptor tropism for enrollment. In this report, we describe the development of an automated and accurate procedure for determining HIV-1 coreceptor tropism (Trofile) and its validation for routine laboratory testing. HIV-1 pseudoviruses are generated using full-length env genes derived from patient virus populations. Coreceptor tropism is determined by measuring the abilities of these pseudovirus populations to efficiently infect CD4+/U87 cells expressing either the CXCR4 or CCR5 coreceptor. Viruses exclusively and efficiently infecting CXCR4+/CD4+/U87 cells are designated X4-tropic. Conversely, viruses exclusively and efficiently infecting CCR5+/CD4+/U87 cells are designated R5-tropic. Viruses capable of infecting both CXCR4+/CD4+/U87 and CCR5+/CD4+/U87 cells are designated dual/mixed-tropic. Assay accuracy and reproducibility were established by evaluating the tropisms of well-characterized viruses and the variability among replicate results from samples tested repeatedly. The viral subtype, hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus coinfection, and the plasma viral load did not affect assay performance. Minority subpopulations with alternate tropisms were reliably detected when present at 5 to 10%. The plasma viral load above which samples can be amplified efficiently in the Trofile assay is 1,000 copies per ml of plasma. Trofile has been automated for high-throughput use; it can be used to identify patients most likely to benefit from treatment regimens that include a coreceptor inhibitor and to monitor patients on treatment for the emergence of resistant virus populations that switch coreceptor tropism.
Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU)-Based Copolymeric Membranes: Effects of Chemical Structure and Content on Gas Permeation and Separation (2021)

Although various polymer membrane materials have been applied to gas separation, there is a trade-off relationship between permeability and selectivity, limiting their wider applications. In this paper, the relationship between the gas permeation behavior of polyphenylsulfone(PPSU)-based materials and their chemical structure for gas separation has been systematically investigated. A PPSU homopolymer and three kinds of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-biphenol (TMBP)-based polyphenylsulfone (TMPPSf) copolymers were synthesized by controlling the TMBP content. As the TMPPSf content increases, the inter-molecular chain distance (or d-spacing value) increases. Data from positron annihilation life-time spectroscopy (PALS) indicate the copolymer with a higher TMPPSf content has a larger fractional free volume (FFV). The logarithm of their O<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub> permeability was found to increase linearly with an increase in TMPPSf content but decrease linearly with increasing 1/FFV. The enhanced permeability results from the increases in both sorption coefficient and gas diffusivity of copolymers. Interestingly, the gas permeability increases while the selectivity stays stable due to the presence of methyl groups in TMPPSf, which not only increases the free volume but also rigidifies the polymer chains. This study may provide a new strategy to break the trade-off law and increase the permeability of polymer materials largely.
Orchestrating an immune response against cancer with engineered immune cells expressing αβTCRs, CARs, and innate immune receptors: an immunological and regulatory challenge (2015)

Over half a century ago, the first allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) initiated cellular immunotherapy. For several decades, little progress was made, and toxicity of allo-SCT remained a major challenge. However, recent breakthroughs have opened new avenues to further develop this modality and to provide less toxic and equally efficient interventions for patients suffering from hematological or solid malignancies. Current novel cellular immune interventions include ex vivo expansion and adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating immune cells or administration of drugs which antagonize tolerizing mechanisms. Alternatively, transfer of immune cells engineered to express defined T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has shown its potential. A valuable addition to 'engineered' adaptive immunity has emerged recently through the improved understanding of how innate immune cells can attack cancer cells without substantial side effects. This has enabled the development of transplantation platforms with limited side effects allowing early immune interventions as well as the design of engineered immune cells expressing innate immune receptors. Here, we focus on innate immune interventions and their orchestration with TCR- and CAR-engineered immune cells. In addition, we discuss how the exploitation of the full potential of cellular immune interventions is influenced by regulatory frameworks. Finally, we highlight and discuss substantial differences in the current landscape of clinical trials in Europe as compared to the USA. The aim is to stimulate international efforts to support regulatory authorities and funding agencies, especially in Europe, to create an environment that will endorse the development of engineered immune cells for the benefit of patients.
ABC Triblock Copolymers/Epoxy−Diamine Blends. 2. Parameters Controlling the Morphologies and Properties (2002)

The effect of composition and concentration of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) copolymer triblock on final morphologies and properties of modified epoxy networks has been investigated. The DGEBA−MCDEA epoxy system, which ensures the miscibility of most of the PMMA blocks until the end of the reaction and thus the generation of a nanostructurated material, has been chosen. For low copolymer concentration (10 wt %), the network structure is found to be independent of the composition and micelles of PS and PB blocks can be undifferently observed. However, increasing copolymer amounts from 10 to 50 wt % induces a morphology change to either “spheres on spheres” or “core−shell” structure depending on the PB content in the triblock. For copolymer concentration higher than 50 wt %, the morphology strongly depends on the processing technique used, and only films prepared by solvent casting show an organization with long-range order similar to the neat block copolymer. The toughness of nanostructured epoxy networks has been evaluated. For low SBM concentration the toughness was observed to linearly vary with the PB concentration. For higher SBM concentrations (30 and 50 wt %) the “spheres on spheres” morphology is found to be more efficient than the “core−shell” one to improve the toughness of the epoxy network. But in all cases a higher toughness is obtained when the nanostructure is preserved; when a macrophase separation occurs, the toughness increase is lower.
Surface plasmon-mediated energy transfer of electrically-pumped excitons (2023)

An electrically pumped light emitting device emits a light when powered by a power source. The light emitting device includes a first electrode, a second electrode including an outer surface, and at least one active organic semiconductor disposed between the first and second electrodes. The device also includes a dye adjacent the outer surface of the second electrode such that the second electrode is disposed between the dye and the active organic semiconductor. A voltage applied by the power source across the first and second electrodes causes energy to couple from decaying dipoles into surface plasmon polariton modes, which then evanescently couple to the dye to cause the light to be emitted.
Under-ice operations with a REMUS-100 AUV in the Arctic (2010)

Use of a REMUS-100 AUV to obtain hydrographic observations beneath coastal sea ice offshore of Barrow, Alaska is described. The work is motivated by the desire to obtain cross-shore hydrographic transects that would provide estimates of the transport of relatively dense, salty water from the Chukchi Sea to the Arctic Ocean in winter. The horizontal scales (~10 km), maximum water depths (~100 m) and desired measurements (temperature, salinity and velocity vs. depth) in the study region match the capabilities of a small AUV such as the REMUS-100. It was recognized that achieving the science goals would require increasing the range of acoustic navigation and communication as well as developing a robust approach to through-ice deployment and recovery. These needs drove three modifications to the AUV: (1) Incorporation of a lower frequency (10 kHz) transducer and associated hardware for navigation and communication, (2) Addition of special-purpose sensors and hardware in a hull extension module, (3) Development of a homing algorithm utilizing an Ultra-Short Base Line (USBL) array in the AUV nose cap. In March 2010, eight days of field work offshore of Barrow provided successful demonstration of the system. A total of 14 km of track lines beneath a coastal ice floe were obtained from four missions, each successfully terminated by net-capture recovery.
Synthesis of Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorods Using Sol-gel Seeding and Colloidal Lithography Patterning (2021)

Different ZnO nanostructures can be grown using low-cost chemical bath deposition. Although this technique is cost-efficient and flexible, the final structures are usually randomly oriented and hardly controllable in terms of homogeneity and surface density. In this work, we use colloidal lithography to pattern (100) silicon substrates to fully control the nanorods' morphology and density. Moreover, a sol-gel prepared ZnO seed layer was employed to compensate for the lattice mismatch between the silicon substrate and ZnO nanorods. The results show a successful growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods with controllable diameter and density in the designated openings in the patterned resist mask deposited on the seed layer. Our method can be used to fabricate optimized devices where vertically ordered ZnO nanorods of high crystalline quality are crucial for the device performance.
Treatment of respiratory failure during sleep in patients with neuromuscular disease. Positive-pressure ventilation through a nose mask. (1987)

Severe nocturnal hypoxemia may occur in patients with respiratory muscle weakness caused by neuromuscular disorders. Negative pressure ventilators may be partially effective in these patients but can cause upper airway obstructive apneas. We examined the effectiveness of positive pressure ventilation through a nose mask in preventing nocturnal hypoxemia and compared it with negative pressure systems. We reasoned that nasal positive pressure would provide stability for the upper airway. Five patients with neuromuscular disorders underwent a series of all-night sleep studies under control conditions, negative pressure ventilation, and positive pressure ventilation through a comfortable nose mask. Sleep staging and respiratory variables were monitored during all studies. Daytime awake lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and arterial blood gases were also measured. The severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia that occurred under control conditions were prevented by positive pressure ventilation through a nose mask. Negative pressure ventilation improved NREM ventilation in all patients, but did not prevent severe oxyhemoglobin desaturation, which occurred during REM sleep. Negative pressure ventilation appears to contribute to upper airways obstruction during REM sleep as evidenced by cessation of air flow, reduced chest wall movements, falls in arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation, and hypercapnia. With treatment, daytime PaO2 improved from a mean of 70 to 83 mm Hg, and PaCO2 decreased from a mean of 61 to 46 mm Hg. We conclude that nasally applied positive pressure ventilation is a highly effective method of providing nocturnal assisted ventilation because it stabilizes the oropharyngeal airway.
Sustainable Afterglow Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Emission Materials Generated Using Natural Phenolics (2022)

Long-lived afterglow room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from natural phenolics has seldom been reported yet this is essential for the development of sustainable afterglow RTP materials. With this research, we have prepared sustainable afterglow RTP materials (GA@SA) with a lifetime of up to ≈934.7 ms by embedding gallic acid (GA) within a Ca<sup>2+</sup> -crosslinked sodium alginate (SA) matrix. Theoretical simulations indicate that the restricted carbonyl moieties of the GA and H-type aggregates of GA in a SA matrix promoted the spin orbit coupling (SOC) of GA and induced afterglow emission. Moreover, afterglow RTP emission could be produced by embedding different types of natural phenolics such as, tannic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid into Ca<sup>2+</sup> -crosslinked networks of SA. As an illustration of potential applications, GA@SA was used to prepare anti-counterfeit afterglow clothing and paper. This work provides an innovative method for the activation of long-lived afterglow RTP from sustainable phenolics.
The hematopoietic factor granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor improves outcome in experimental spinal cord injury (2010)

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a potent hematopoietic factor that drives differentiation of neutrophilic granulocytes. We have recently shown that G-CSF also acts as a neuronal growth factor, protects neurons in vitro and in vivo, and has regenerative potential in various neurological disease models. Spinal cord injury (SCI) following trauma or secondary to skeletal instability is a terrible condition with no effective therapies available at present. In this study, we show that the G-CSF receptor is up-regulated upon experimental SCI and that G-CSF improves functional outcome in a partial dissection model of SCI. G-CSF significantly decreases apoptosis in an experimental partial spinal transsection model in the mouse and increases expression of the anti-apoptotic G-CSF target gene Bcl-X(L). In vitro, G-CSF enhances neurite outgrowth and branching capacity of hippocampal neurons. In vivo, G-CSF treatment results in improved functional connectivity of the injured spinal cord as measured by Mn(2+)-enhanced MRI. G-CSF also increased length of the dorsal corticospinal tract and density of serotonergic fibers cranial to the lesion center. Mice treated systemically with G-CSF as well as transgenic mice over-expressing G-CSF in the CNS exhibit a strong improvement in functional outcome as measured by the BBB score and gridwalk analysis. We show that G-CSF improves outcome after experimental SCI by counteracting apoptosis, and enhancing connectivity in the injured spinal cord. We conclude that G-CSF constitutes a promising and feasible new therapy option for SCI.
Activity, Folding, Misfolding, and Aggregation in Vitro of the Naturally Occurring Human Tissue Factor Mutant R200W (2005)

Tissue factor (TF), a small transmembrane receptor, binds factor VIIa (FVIIa), and the formed complex initiates blood coagulation by proteolytic activation of substrate factors IX and X. A naturally occurring mutation in the human TF gene was recently reported, where a single-base substitution results in an R200W mutation in the TF extracellular domain [Zawadzki, C., Preudhomme, C., Gaveriaux, V., Amouyel, P., and Jude, B. (2002) Thromb. Haemost. 87, 540-541]. This mutation appears to be associated with low monocyte TF expression and may protect against thrombosis but has not been associated with any pathological condition, and individuals who present the heterozygous trait appear healthy. Here, we report the activity, folding, and aggregation behavior of the R200W mutant of the 219-residue soluble extracellular domain of TF (sTF(R200W)) compared to that of the wild-type protein (sTF(wt)). No differences in stability or FVIIa cofactor activity but an impaired ability to promote FX activation at physiological conditions between the sTF(R200W) mutant and sTF(wt) were evident. Increased binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS) to sTF(R200W) indicated a population of partially folded intermediates during denaturation. sTF(R200W) showed a dramatically increased propensity for aggregate formation compared to sTF(wt) at mildly acidic pHs, with an increased rate of aggregation during conditions, promoting the intermediate state. The lowered pH resistance could explain the loss of sTF(R200W) in vivo because of aggregation of the mutant. The intrinsic structure of the sTF aggregates appears reminiscent of amyloid fibrils, as revealed by thioflavin T fluorescence, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We conclude that the lowered activity for FX activation and the propensity of the mutant protein to misfold and aggregate will both contribute to decreased coagulation activity in TF(R200W) carriers, which could protect from thrombotic disease.
Iridium(III) Complexes of a Dicyclometalated Phosphite Tripod Ligand: Strategy to Achieve Blue Phosphorescence Without Fluorine Substituents and Fabrication of OLEDs (2011)

Wofür Fluor? Neuartige IrIII-Komplexe mit Pyridyltriazolat-Chromophoren und einem tripodalen, doppelt cyclometallierten Phosphitliganden (P C2) zeigten auch ohne Fluorsubstituenten eine effiziente blaue Phosphoreszenz. Mit [Ir(P C2)(bptz)(PMe2Ph)] (siehe Bild) dotierte organische Leuchtdioden erwiesen sich als außerordentlich leistungsfähig (bptz=3-tert-Butyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazolat). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Gleason grading of prostate histology utilizing manifold regularization via statistical shape model of manifolds (2012)

Gleason patterns of prostate cancer histopathology, characterized primarily by morphological and architectural attributes of histological structures (glands and nuclei), have been found to be highly correlated with disease aggressiveness and patient outcome. Gleason patterns 4 and 5 are highly correlated with more aggressive disease and poorer patient outcome, while Gleason patterns 1-3 tend to reflect more favorable patient outcome. Because Gleason grading is done manually by a pathologist visually examining glass (or digital) slides, subtle morphologic and architectural differences of histological attributes may result in grading errors and hence cause high inter-observer variability. Recently some researchers have proposed computerized decision support systems to automatically grade Gleason patterns by using features pertaining to nuclear architecture, gland morphology, as well as tissue texture. Automated characterization of gland morphology has been shown to distinguish between intermediate Gleason patterns 3 and 4 with high accuracy. Manifold learning (ML) schemes attempt to generate a low dimensional manifold representation of a higher dimensional feature space while simultaneously preserving nonlinear relationships between object instances. Classification can then be performed in the low dimensional space with high accuracy. However ML is sensitive to the samples contained in the dataset; changes in the dataset may alter the manifold structure. In this paper we present a manifold regularization technique to constrain the low dimensional manifold to a specific range of possible manifold shapes, the range being determined via a statistical shape model of manifolds (SSMM). In this work we demonstrate applications of the SSMM in (1) identifying samples on the manifold which contain noise, defined as those samples which deviate from the SSMM, and (2) accurate out-of-sample extrapolation (OSE) of newly acquired samples onto a manifold constrained by the SSMM. We demonstrate these applications of the SSMM in the context of distinguishing between Gleason patterns 3 and 4 using glandular morphologic features in a prostate histopathology dataset of 58 patient studies. Identifying and eliminating noisy samples from the manifold via the SSMM results in a statistically significant improvement in classification accuracy (CA), 93.0 ± 1.0% with removal of noisy samples compared to a CA of 90.9 ± 1.1% without removal of samples. The use of the SSMM for OSE of new independent test instances also shows statistically significant improvement in CA, 87.1±0.8% with the SSMM compared to 85.6±0.1% without the SSMM. Similar improvements were observed for the synthetic Swiss Roll and Helix datasets.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Procedure for the Preparation of 2‐Phosphorylated Furanoses. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.