gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retargeting of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cyt2Aa against hemipteran insect pests (2013)

Although transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have been used successfully for management of lepidopteran and coleopteran pest species, the sap-sucking insects (Hemiptera) are not particularly susceptible to Bt toxins. To overcome this limitation, we demonstrate that addition of a short peptide sequence selected for binding to the gut of the targeted pest species serves to increase toxicity against said pest. Insertion of a 12-aa pea aphid gut-binding peptide by adding to or replacing amino acids in one of three loops of the Bt cytolytic toxin, Cyt2Aa, resulted in enhanced binding and toxicity against both the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. This strategy may allow for transgenic plant-mediated suppression of other hemipteran pests, which include some of the most important pests of global agriculture.
Ultrasmall Dispersible Crystalline Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Catalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting (2014)

Ultrasmall, crystalline, and dispersible NiO nanoparticles are prepared for the first time, and it is shown that they are promising candidates as catalysts for electrochemical water oxidation. Using a solvothermal reaction in tert ‐butanol, very small nickel oxide nanocrystals can be made with sizes tunable from 2.5 to 5 nm and a narrow particle size distribution. The crystals are perfectly dispersible in ethanol even after drying, giving stable transparent colloidal dispersions. The structure of the nanocrystals corresponds to phase‐pure stoichiometric nickel( ii ) oxide with a partially oxidized surface exhibiting Ni( iii ) states. The 3.3 nm nanoparticles demonstrate a remarkably high turn‐over frequency of 0.29 s –1 at an overpotential of g = 300 mV for electrochemical water oxidation, outperforming even expensive rare earth iridium oxide catalysts. The unique features of these NiO nanocrystals provide great potential for the preparation of novel composite materials with applications in the field of (photo)electrochemical water splitting. The dispersed colloidal solutions may also find other applications, such as the preparation of uniform hole‐conducting layers for organic solar cells.
Slit‐scanning differential x‐ray phase‐contrast mammography: Proof‐of‐concept experimental studies (2015)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to integrate x-ray gratings hardware into a clinical mammography unit. The results demonstrate that a scanning differential phase contrast FFDM system that meets the requirements of FOV, stability, scan time, and dose can be build.
Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Human Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Predominantly Cause Intracellular Retention (2016)

Mutations in G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified for many endocrine hormone signaling deficiencies. Inactivating mutations can impair ligand binding, receptor activation/coupling to signaling pathways, or can cause receptor misfolding and consequent impaired expression at the cell membrane. Here we examine the cell surface expression, ligand binding, and signaling of a range of mutant human luteinizing hormone receptors (LHRs) identified as causing reproductive dysfunction in human patients. The data obtained reveal how mutations in GPCRs can have diverse and severely deleterious effects on receptor function. Furthermore, it was found that impaired functionality of the majority of the mutant LHRs was due to reduced expression at the cell surface (14/20) while only two mutations caused impaired binding affinity and two impaired in signaling. An additional two mutations were found to cause no impairment of receptor function. These data demonstrate that the majority of LHR mutations lead to intracellular retention and highlight the potential for novel pharmacological chaperone therapeutics that can "rescue" expression/function of retained mutant GPCRs.
Supplementary Figures 1-9 from Amplification of <i>CRKL</i> Induces Transformation and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Resistance in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers (2023)

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Reducing Energy Consumption through Adaptation of Number of Active Radio Units (2011)

Energy consumption in mobile networks, e.g. 3G networks, may be a substantial part of an operator''s expenses. A large part of the total energy of the network is consumed by the radio access network. One promising way to reduce the energy consumption of the radio network is to deactivate radio units during periods with low load. Significant gains can be achieved using this approach since each radio unit, connected to an antenna, has relatively high energy consumption during idle periods. In this paper we evaluate an approach where the number of active radio units needed for handling the traffic is computed based on the traffic load. This approach is evaluated using traffic measurements from a 3G network in a European city during 2009 and the results show that an energy saving around 50% is achievable. This suggests that there is potential for significantly enhancing energy efficiency in mobile networks by adaptive activation of radio units.
Efficient Elimination of Cancer Cells by Deoxyglucose-ABT-263/737 Combination Therapy (2011)

As single agents, ABT-263 and ABT-737 (ABT), molecular antagonists of the Bcl-2 family, bind tightly to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w, but not to Mcl-1, and induce apoptosis only in limited cell types. The compound 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), in contrast, partially blocks glycolysis, slowing cell growth but rarely causing cell death. Injected into an animal, 2DG accumulates predominantly in tumors but does not harm other tissues. However, when cells that were highly resistant to ABT were pre-treated with 2DG for 3 hours, ABT became a potent inducer of apoptosis, rapidly releasing cytochrome c from the mitochondria and activating caspases at submicromolar concentrations in a Bak/Bax-dependent manner. Bak is normally sequestered in complexes with Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. 2DG primes cells by interfering with Bak-Mcl-1 association, making it easier for ABT to dissociate Bak from Bcl-xL, freeing Bak to induce apoptosis. A highly active glucose transporter and Bid, as an agent of the mitochondrial apoptotic signal amplification loop, are necessary for efficient apoptosis induction in this system. This combination treatment of cancer-bearing mice was very effective against tumor xenograft from hormone-independent highly metastasized chemo-resistant human prostate cancer cells, suggesting that the combination treatment may provide a safe and effective alternative to genotoxin-based cancer therapies.
Energy-Efficiency versus Carbon-Efficiency (2022)

Improving the energy-efficiency of computing systems has been the focus of computer science research for many decades. In the data center domain, for example, there has been an intense focus on improving energy efficiency by improving the Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of data centers. Other domains such as civil and mechanical engineering have also focused on improving the energy efficiency of built environments such as buildings. More recently, there has been an increased emphasis on sustainability on the human-built infrastructure of various kinds motivated by climate change, which has resulted in an emphasis on reducing carbon emissions of such infrastructure by optimizing their carbon efficiency.
Rationale and Strategies for Preserving Residual Kidney Function in Dialysis Patients (2019)

In this article, we first review the definition and measurement of RKF, including newly proposed markers such as serum levels of beta2-microglobulin, cystatin C and beta-trace protein. We then discuss the predictors of RKF loss in new dialysis patients. We review several strategies to preserve RKF such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, incremental dialysis, use of biocompatible membranes and ultrapure dialysate in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and use of biocompatible solutions in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Despite their generally adverse effects on renal function, aminoglycoside antibiotics have not been shown to have adverse effects on RKF in well-hydrated patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Presently, the roles of better blood pressure control, diuretic usage, diet, and dialysis modality on RKF remain to be clearly established. Key Messages: RKF is an important and favorable prognostic indicator of reduced morbidity, mortality, and higher quality of life in both PD an HD patients. Further investigation is warranted to uncover factors that protect or impair RKF. This should lead to improved quality of life and prolonged lifespan in patients with ESRD and cost-reduction through patient centeredness, individualized therapy, and precision medicine approaches.
UV emission and probe diagnostics and computational modeling of a low pressure microwave excited microplasma source (2014)

Summary form only given. Low-pressure microwave-excited microplasmas have a wide variety of potential applications, including their use as UV photoionization sources for mass spectrometry. Resonant microwave microstrip architectures can be used to initiate and sustain these microplasmas. When operated in a windowless configuration, the plasma plume exiting from an aperture in the plasma confinement structure contains a complex mixture of particle species (UV photons, groundstate neutrals, metastables, and plasma electrons and ions)1. Understanding the makeup of this plume is critical to optimize parameters for photoionization, or any other application where exposure to the plasma plume takes place. The microplasma source under investigation consists of a resonant microstrip pattern on alumina substrate, with an elongated 1.5 mm x 6.5 mm plasma confinement structure. 2.5 GHz microwave power is delivered at up to 5 W. Argon and helium/krypton mixtures are flowed through the confinement region at flow rates up to 10 sccm producing confinement region pressures near 1 Torr, with the plasma plume exiting into high vacuum through a 300μm-by-600μm aperture. The effect of confinement region and microstrip geometries, net absorbed microwave power, and source region pressures on the properties of the plasma in the source region and plume are investigated. Ultraviolet emission and Langmuir probe diagnostics are used to diagnose the plasma. The spatial distribution of the plasma density in the plume is measured for a range of microwave powers and flow rates. We also present computational modeling results of this microplasma using the Hybrid Plasma Equipment Model (HPEM)2 with comparisons to the experiments. The angular distribution of UV flux is observed, revealing a highly directional radiation pattern owing to an elongated source region. This flux magnitude and directionality is additionally a function of source region pressure, due to variation in the spatial distribution of the plasma and resonant UV photon absorption and quenching.
Bright and photostable chemigenetic indicators for extended in vivo voltage imaging (2019)

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable monitoring of neuronal activity at high spatial and temporal resolution. However, the utility of existing GEVIs has been limited by the brightness and photostability of fluorescent proteins and rhodopsins. We engineered a GEVI, called Voltron, that uses bright and photostable synthetic dyes instead of protein-based fluorophores, thereby extending the number of neurons imaged simultaneously in vivo by a factor of 10 and enabling imaging for significantly longer durations relative to existing GEVIs. We used Voltron for in vivo voltage imaging in mice, zebrafish, and fruit flies. In the mouse cortex, Voltron allowed single-trial recording of spikes and subthreshold voltage signals from dozens of neurons simultaneously over a 15-minute period of continuous imaging. In larval zebrafish, Voltron enabled the precise correlation of spike timing with behavior.
A Composite LMMSE Channel Estimator for Spectrum-Efficient OFDM Transmit Diversity (2008)

In this paper, we propose a subcarrier allocation method and a composite linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimator to increase spectrum efficiency in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmit diversity. The pilot symbols for OFDM transmit (Alamouti) diversity are exclusively allocated in two OFDM symbols in different antennas, which causes serious degradation of spectrum efficiency. To reduce the number of pilot symbols, our subcarrier allocation method uses repetition-coded data symbols, and the proposed channel estimator maintains good bit error rate (BER) performance.
IMPLANTABLE ULTRASONIC BLOOD FLOWMETERS (1972)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 10-12, 1972 / International Hotel, Los Angeles, California
ENABLING RECYCLING OF COMPOSITES: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACTS OF MULTIPLE THERMAL PROCESSING CYCLES (2023)

When considering the utilization of recycled short carbon fiber feedstock materials for advanced manufacturing, understanding the material degradation behavior is essential in determining how many times a composite material can be effectively reprocessed and remanufactured. This study characterizes the degradation behavior of short carbon fiber acrylonitrile butadiene (CF-ABS) that has been reprocessed five times with twin screw extrusion. Parallel plate rheology was completed to observe the degradation in complex viscosity of the recycled feedstock materials. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was utilized to characterize the changes in molecular weight distribution of the recycled materials as a result of thermal and mechanical degradation during the re-processing steps. Rheological characterization, GPC, and twin-screw processing data help inform the process optimizations required to process the recycled feedstock material. Successful characterization of the degradation behavior of short fiber composite feedstock materials aids in increased understanding of the lifespan of high value carbon fiber composite materials and aids in process optimization of recycled composite materials.
Barrier Reduction of Lithium Ion Tunneling through Graphene with Hybrid Defects: First‐Principles Calculations (Adv. Theory Simul. 2/2018) (2018)

A Taiji yin-yang fish is the crystallization of Chinese traditional culture. It illustrates the complementarity between perfection and flaw. In article number 1700009, Anping Huang and co-workers apply elastic band simulation to identify strategies to reduce the energy barrier height of Li ions tunneling through the perfect lattice of monolayer graphene sheets. They reveal that artificial defects can affect the distribution of electron clouds in the lattice, providing a possible path for ion migration.
Interferon-gamma differentially regulates interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production in leprosy. (1997)

The ability of monocytes to influence the nature of the T cell response to microbial pathogens is mediated in part by the release of cytokines. Of particular importance is the release of IL-12 and IL-10 by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon encountering the infectious agent. IL-12 promotes cell mediated immunity (CMI) to intracellular pathogens by augmenting T-helper type 1 responses, whereas IL-10 downregulates these responses. The ability of IFN-gamma to modulate the balance between IL-12 and IL-10 production was examined by studying leprosy as a model. In response to Mycobacterium leprae stimulation, IFN-gamma differentially regulated IL-12 and IL-10 production resulting in upregulation of IL-12 release and downregulation of IL-10 release. Furthermore, we determined that the mechanism by which IFN-gamma downregulates IL-10 was through the induction of IL-12. The data suggest a model of lymphocyte-monocyte interaction whereby the relative presence or absence of IFN-gamma in the local microenvironment is a key determinant of the type of monocyte cytokine response, and hence the degree of CMI in the host response to infection.
ENHANCEMENT OF CHILL TOLERANCE IN LARVAI Artemia salina: COOLING REGIMENS AND MULTIPLE TYPE CRYOPROTECTANT EXPOSURE (1979)

ABSTRACT The enhancements of chill tolerance of Artemia salina to single (glycerol, glucose or sucrose) and double (glucose‐sucrose) component cryoprotectant solutions were determined. Zero, three, six, twelve and twenty‐four hour post‐hatch larvae were immersed in ‐1°C cryoprotectant solutions for periods up to 90 minutes. The ability of different larval stages to survive an instantaneous change from 28° to ‐1° versus a slow cooling regiment (1°C/hr) from 28° to 18° followed by instantaneous cooling to ‐1°C were compared. Most cryoprotectant solutions showed definite enhancement of survival with the multiple better than single component systems. Survival exceeded 200–500% over ‐1°C cryoprotectant free controls. The significance of these results to the development of cryogenic larval banking techniques is discussed.
Solid‐State Synthesis of 70 nm Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Particles by Mechanically Activating Intermediates with Amino Acids (2008)

A novel synthetic method of fine particles of highly pure Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 with the smallest possible particle size was proposed. A stoichiometric mixture of CH 3 COOLi·2H 2 O and anatase fine particles of ca. 50 nm was calcined at 773 K to obtain an intermediate, comprising Li 2 TiO 3 and unreacted titania. The intermediate was then intensively milled by a planetary ball mill for 1 h. After adding an amino acid, glycine, alanine (ALA), or l ‐phenylalanine (PHE), the mixture was further milled under a milder condition for another 3 h and subjected to a second calcination at 973 K for 1 h to obtain Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 with a phase purity above 97%. When we used ALA or PHE as an additive, the microscopically determined average particle size of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 was 70±10 nm. The mechanisms and significance of the present two‐step calcination with mechanical activation and addition of an amino acid to the intermediate were discussed in terms of the topotactic nature of transformation between the two layer‐structured species: Li 2 TiO 3 and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 .
Sustainable Technology for Achieving Very Low Nitrogen and Phosphorus Effluent Levels (2009)

This project addresses the successful nitrogen and phosphorus removal technologies being implemented at existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), some key challenges and knowledge gaps in implementing technologies, research needs to improve the existing methods and technologies to achieve low total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) effluents (TN <5 mg/L and TP< 0.5 mg/L). Technology and cost assessment of successful technologies for TN and TP removal on a sustainable basis was accomplished by using a “threshold limit” approach to categorize technologies for different effluent TN and TP limits based on desired criteria.Membrane-based process applications were selected among advanced treatment processes for N and P removal from wastewater at pilot and lab scale technology demonstration studies. The investigations included membrane bioreactor application for N and P removal from wastewater, centrate treatment, and to achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The results indicated membrane based applications are attractive methods for achieving low TN and TP effluents, but supplementary chemical addition is needed depending on the wastewater characteristics. Full scale implementation of step feed BNR with chemical P removal was demonstrated as a successful technology transfer application at John Egan Wastewater Reclamation Plant of Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC).This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series.ISBN: 9781843397892 (eBook)
Far-field radiation of photonic crystal organic light-emitting diode (2005)

Utilizing the near- to far-field transformation based on the 3-D finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and Fourier transformation, the far-field profile of a photonic crystal organic light emitting diode is studied to understand the viewing angle dependence. The measured far-field profiles agree well with those of the simulation. The enhancement of the extraction efficiency in excess of 60% is observed for the optimized photonic crystal pattern.
Cerebral iron oxide distribution: in vivo mapping with MR imaging. (1995)

MR imaging is well suited to noninvasive in vivo mapping of the intracerebral iron oxide distribution.
Tree-Structured Variational Autoencoder (2017)

Many kinds of variable-sized data we would like to model contain an internal hierarchical structure in the form of a tree, including source code, formal logical statements, and natural language sentences with parse trees. For such data it is natural to consider a model with matching computational structure. In this work, we introduce a variational autoencoder-based generative model for tree-structured data. We evaluate our model on a synthetic dataset, and a dataset with applications to automated theorem proving. By learning a latent representation over trees, our model can achieve similar test log likelihood to a standard autoregressive decoder, but with the number of sequentially dependent computations proportional to the depth of the tree instead of the number of nodes in the tree.
Contribution of Electrostatics to the Binding of Pancreatic-Type Ribonucleases to Membranes (2013)

Pancreatic-type ribonucleases show clinical promise as chemotherapeutic agents but are limited in efficacy by the inefficiency of their uptake by human cells. Cellular uptake can be increased by the addition of positive charges to the surface of ribonucleases, either by site-directed mutagenesis or by chemical modification. This observation has led to the hypothesis that ribonuclease uptake by cells depends on electrostatics. Here, we use a combination of experimental and computational methods to ascertain the contribution of electrostatics to the cellular uptake of ribonucleases. We focus on three homologous ribonucleases: Onconase (frog), ribonuclease A (cow), and ribonuclease 1 (human). Our results support the hypothesis that electrostatics are necessary for the cellular uptake of Onconase. In contrast, specific interactions with cell-surface components likely contribute more to the cellular uptake of ribonuclease A and ribonuclease 1 than do electrostatics. These findings provide insight for the design of new cytotoxic ribonucleases.
<title>Laser-written polymeric optical waveguides for integrated optical device applications</title> (1993)

We describe a laser-writing technique for fabricating polymeric optical waveguides by photo- crosslinking acrylate monomer materials. We report loss measurements as low as 0.01 dB/cm in straight laser-written photopolymer waveguides and describe changes in waveguide losses at temperatures up to 250 degree(s)C. Loss measurements are also summarized for 90 degree(s) bends and laser-written 8 X 8 star couplers.
Whole cell catalysed kinetic resolution of 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-en-7-one: synthesis of (–)-cispentacin (FR 109615) (1991)

C. Evans, R. McCague, S. M. Roberts, A. G. Sutherland and R. Wisdom, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1991, 2276 DOI: 10.1039/P19910002276
Random address 32*32 programmable analog vector-matrix multiplier for artificial neural networks (2002)

A randomly addressable and programmable 32*32 analog vector-matrix multiplier was designed and fabricated using a standard 2 mu m p-well CMOS technology. Fully differential random address decoders are used for input and output multiplexing and for writing capacitively stored weights to the multiplier sites. Weight storage measurements show the double capacitive storage approach can have a 1% accuracy at 90 degrees C. The multiplier has been characterized at DC values, and has demonstrated good weight retention at high temperatures. A multiplier total harmonic distortion of 1 to 2% has been measured for expected voltage input ranges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>