gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flame-Holding Configurations for Kerosene Combustion in a Mach 1.8 Airflow (1998)

The goal of this study was to determine the stability of the  ame in a recirculation region formed in a wall cavity with ignition provided by hydrogen injected in the base of the cavity and injection of kerosene upstream in the boundary layer formed along the wall leading to the cavity. The experimental conditions, i.e., Mach 1.8 and air stagnation temperatures to 1000 K, correspond to the beginning of the hypersonic  ight regime also referred to as cold start conditions. The hydrogen and the preinjected kerosene  ow rates were modulated during the tests and temperature probes placed in the cavity indicated their effect on the local equivalence ratio. Preinjection of kerosene reduced the local equivalence ratio at low air stagnation temperature by increasing the entrainment of fresh air into the recirculation region. At high temperatures the additional fuel brought by the presence of kerosene had a detrimental effect on the stability of the  ame in the cavity.
Synthesis and Evaluation of PET Radiotracers for the Presynaptic High-affinity Choline Transporter (2016)

1041 Objectives Acetylcholine (ACh) is essential for autonomic function, motor control, memory and learning, and dysfunction of cholinergic signaling plays a critical role in several neurodegenerative diseases. Current cholinergic PET radiotracers such as N-[11C]methylpiperidiny-4-yl propionate ([11C]PMP: acetylcholinesterase) and [18F]fluoro-ethoxybenzovesamicol ([18F]FEOBV: vesicular acetylcholine transporter) have provided valuable information on the integrity of cholinergic synapses in PD, but they are not capable of quantifying the level at which the synapses are working. As a new approach to studying the functional status of the cholinergic neurons, we propose the in vivo imaging of the presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter, CHT-1. The transport of choline across the synaptic membrane by the CHT-1 is the rate-limiting determinant in ACh biosynthesis; the functional status of the transporter is regulated by shuttling of transporter molecules from the cytosol to the synaptic membrane. In vivo radioligands for the CHT-1 have not been available due to the lack of high affinity ligands that can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. To address the need for a CHT- 1 radiotracer, the goals of this project are the synthesis and in vivo evaluation of [11C]ML352, a potential PET radiotracer based upon a scaffold with high affinity for CHT-1 (Ennis et al., ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2015;6:417-27). Methods The lead compound, ML352, was discovered by high throughput screening and identified as a high affinity (Ki = 92 nM) and selective inhibitor of CHT-1. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated metabolic stability and good CNS penetration (Ennis et al., 2015). [11C]ML352 was synthesized from the desmethyl piperidinic precursor by treatment with [11C]methyl triflate in an automated radiochemistry synthesis module. Results [11C]ML352 was produced in excellent radiochemical yield (105 mCi from 3 Ci of [11C]CO2, corresponding to a non-corrected radiochemical yield of 3.5%), radiochemical purity (>99%) and specific activity (7777 Ci/mmol). Product identification was confirmed by HPLC co-injection with the unlabeled reference standard and the radiotracer was formulated in an isotonic solution of ethanolic saline suitable for in vivo use in pre-clinical PET imaging studies. Preliminary PET imaging studies of [11C]ML352 in CHT-1 overexpressing mice and nonhuman primates are ongoing to explore in vivo functional neuroimaging of CHT-1. Conclusions The synthesis of [11C]ML352, the first brain-permeant PET radiotracer for the CHT-1 transporter, has been completed. The feasibility of imaging CHT-1 activity using [11C]ML352 PET is underway.
Acknowledgements: Financial support for this work from the NIH (1P50NS091856-01) and the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.
Domestic pigs experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit different disease outcomes (2021)

Abstract Domestic pigs share many similarities with humans in their pulmonary anatomy, physiology, and immunology. Accordingly, pigs have been shown to be valuable models to study human tuberculosis (TB). Here we examined the outcome of disease in domestic pigs challenged via two different routes with either the human-adapted TB bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the zoonotic bovine TB bacillus M. bovis in head-to-head comparisons. We found that pigs challenged intravenously with M. bovis AF2122/97 exhibited severe morbidity and rapid onset of mortality, accompanied by higher tissue bacterial burden and necrosis compared to pigs challenged similarly with M. tb Erdman. Concordantly, pigs challenged with aerosolized M. bovis AF2122/97 exhibited reduced weight gain and more severe pathology than pigs challenged similarly with M. tb Erdman. Moreover, pigs aerosol-challenged with M. bovis AF2122/97 exhibited a spectrum of granulomatous lesions ranging from small well-contained granulomas to caseous-necrotic lesions mimicking active TB disease in humans. In contrast, pigs aerosol-challenged with M. tb Erdman exhibited arrested granuloma development. Irrespective of challenge dose and pathological outcome however, peripheral IFN-γ responses were similar in both M. bovis AF2122/97 and M. tb Erdman challenged pigs. This study demonstrates domestic pigs can support infections with M. bovis and M. tb and develop pathology similar to what is observed in humans. And although M. bovis AF2122/97 appears to be more virulent than M. tb Erdman, both strains can be used to model TB in domestic pigs, depending on whether one wishes to recapitulate either acute and active TB or latent TB infections.
Electrically Driven Alignment and Crystallization of Unique Anisotropic Polymer Particles (2008)

Micrometer-sized monodisperse anisotropic polymer particles, with disk, rod, fenestrated hexagon (hexnut), and boomerang shapes, were synthesized using the particle replication in nonwetting templates (PRINT) process, and investigations were conducted on aqueous suspensions of these particles when subjected to alternating electric fields. A coplanar electrode configuration, with 1 to 2 mm electrode gaps (20-50 V ac, 0.5-5.0 kHz) was used, and the experiments were monitored with fluorescence microscopy. For all particle suspensions, the field brought about significant changes in the packing and orientation. Extensive particle chaining and packing were observed for the disk, rod, and hexnut suspensions. Because of the size and geometry of the boomerang particles, limited chaining was observed; however, the field triggered a change from random to a more ordered packing arrangement.
BLAST: A FAR-INFRARED MEASUREMENT OF THE HISTORY OF STAR FORMATION (2009)

Maps available at http://blastexperiment.info/
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A QUETTAMINE ALKALOID, SECOQUETTAMINE (1983)

Abstract Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (IXb) wird beschrieben.
PAZ: In-Vehicle Personalized Audio Zones (2015)

The modern vehicle has evolved into a multimedia hub, becoming a vital integration and delivery point for a panoply of media and devices. However, the resulting in-vehicle noise pollution created by this multitude of services has significant potential to become annoying to all vehicle occupants. This problem motivated the authors to build a system that enables the configuration of in-vehicle personalized audio zones (PAZs) that don't require earphones. The PAZ system comprises a novel user interface, custom-designed headrests, and an infotainment noise-control subsystem. The performance evaluations of PAZ in a BMW 5 series sedan delivered approximately 20 decibels of isolation, which resulted in an overwhelmingly positive subjective experience for the occupants. PAZ not only ameliorates noise pollution, but also provides a unique solution to sound personalization via configurable audio zones and individual media selection that doesn't require headphones.
Distributed Matrix Multiplication Using Group Algebra for On-Device Edge Computing (2021)

Leveraging the idea of group theory, we explore the distributed matrix multiplication problem posed in on-device edge computing. We first revisit how to embed matrix multiplication into group structure and then propose a distributed matrix multiplication scheme using the cyclic group. We identify the condition for the perfect reconstruction with the proposed scheme, and exhibit that the proposed scheme has better error performance than uncoded scheme in a noisy channel owing to the diversity gain of the proposed scheme.
In-cell overlay metrology by using optical metrology tool (2018)

Overlay is one of the most critical process control steps of semiconductor manufacturing technology. A typical advanced scheme includes an overlay feedback loop based on after litho optical imaging overlay metrology on scribeline targets. The after litho control loop typically involves high frequency sampling: every lot or nearly every lot. An after etch overlay metrology step is often included, at a lower sampling frequency, in order to characterize and compensate for bias. The after etch metrology step often involves CD-SEM metrology, in this case in-cell and ondevice. This work explores an alternative approach using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) metrology and a machine learning analysis technique. Advanced 1x nm DRAM wafers were prepared, including both nominal (POR) wafers with mean overlay offsets, as well as DOE wafers with intentional across wafer overlay modulation. After litho metrology was measured using optical imaging metrology, as well as after etch metrology using both SE and CD-SEM for comparison. We investigate 2 types of machine learning techniques with SE data: model-less and model-based, showing excellent performance for after etch in-cell on-device overlay metrology.
EndoTOFPET-US: a novel multimodal tool for endoscopy and positron emission tomography (2013)

The EndoTOFPET-US project aims to develop a multimodal detector to foster the development of new biomarkers for prostate and pancreatic tumors. The detector will consist of two main components: an external plate, and a PET extension to an endoscopic ultrasound probe. The external plate is an array of LYSO crystals read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) coupled to an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). The internal probe will be an highly integrated and miniaturized detector made of LYSO crystals read out by a fully digital SiPM featuring photosensor elements and digital readout in the same chip. The position and orientation of the two detectors will be tracked with respect to the patient to allow the fusion of the metabolic image from the PET and the anatomic image from the ultrasound probe in the time frame of the medical procedure. The fused information can guide further interventions of the organ, such as biopsy or in vivo confocal microscopy. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.
Performance-Based Seismic Design Code for Buildings in Japan (2003)

The seismic design code of buildings in Japan was revised in June 2000 to implement a performance-based structural engineering framework. The code provides two performance objectives: life safety and damage limitation of a building at two corresponding levels of earthquake motions. The design earthquake motions are defined in terms of the acceleration response spectra specified at the engineering bedrock in order to take into consideration the soil conditions and soil-structure interaction effects as accurately as possible. The seismic performance shall be verified by comparing the predicted response values with the building’s estimated limit values. The verification procedures of seismic performance in the new code are in essence a blend of the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom modeling of a building and the site-dependent response spectrum concepts, which make possible the prediction of the maximum structural response against earthquake motions without using time history analysis.
A Bistable Poly[2]catenane Forms Nanosuperstructures (2009)

Side-chain poly[2]catenanes at the click of a switch! A bistable side-chain poly[2]catenane has been synthesized and found to form hierarchical self-assembled hollow superstructures of nanoscale dimensions in solution. Molecular electromechanical switching (see picture) of the material is demonstrated, and the ground-state equilibrium thermodynamics and switching kinetics are examined as the initial steps towards processible molecular-based electronic devices and nanoelectromechanical systems.
Zirconocene Complexes of Unsaturated Organic Molecules: New Vehicles for Organic Synthesis (1993)

Transition metals are known to stabilize high-energy species and to activate otherwise unreactive ones. The zirconocene unit stabilizes highly strained alkynes and alkenes, allowing their use in selective carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. This unit also increases the reactivity of unactivated molecules, enabling them to participate in nontraditional transformations. A general route has been developed that allows a wider variety of unsaturated fragments to participate in these reactions. The use of these zirconocene complexes in organic synthesis has led to the development of novel routes to a number of polyfunctionalized organic molecules.
V3: an enigmatic isoform of the proteoglycan versican (2023)

V3 is an isoform of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan (PG) versican generated through alternative splicing of the versican gene such that the two major exons coding for sequences in the protein core that support chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain attachment are excluded. Thus, versican V3 isoform carries no GAGs. A survey of PubMed reveals only 50 publications specifically on V3 versican, so it is a very understudied member of the versican family, partly because to date there are no antibodies that can distinguish V3 from the CS-carrying isoforms of versican, that is, to facilitate functional and mechanistic studies. However, a number of in vitro and in vivo studies have identified the expression of the V3 transcript during different phases of development and in disease, and selective overexpression of V3 has shown dramatic phenotypic effects in "gain and loss of function" studies in experimental models. Thus, we thought it would be useful and instructive to discuss the discovery, characterization, and the putative biological importance of the enigmatic V3 isoform of versican.
Evaluating Thermal Performance in a Giant Heavy Oil Field (2012)

Abstract This paper describes a methodology to evaluate thermal performance in an immature giant heavy oil asset undergoing enhanced oil recovery through pattern wise steam flooding. The challenge was to predict the thermal production performance of the patterns as limited information was available on field level as the patterns were yet to show thermal decline. This methodology illustrates building and reconciling of type curve models based on the history match results of the pilot test area. These type curves are then used to predict the performance at the pattern and field level until a clear thermal decline is established. The resultant type curves are then periodically calibrated with the latest production data to ensure the validity of the methodology. This methodology is repeatable and can be adapted for use in other thermal heavy oil fields.
All at Once Network Quantization via Collaborative Knowledge Transfer. (2021)

Network quantization has rapidly become one of the most widely used methods to compress and accelerate deep neural networks on edge devices. While existing approaches offer impressive results on common benchmark datasets, they generally repeat the quantization process and retrain the low-precision network from scratch, leading to different networks tailored for different resource constraints. This limits scalable deployment of deep networks in many real-world applications, where in practice dynamic changes in bit-width are often desired. All at Once quantization addresses this problem, by flexibly adjusting the bit-width of a single deep network during inference, without requiring re-training or additional memory to store separate models, for instant adaptation in different scenarios. In this paper, we develop a novel collaborative knowledge transfer approach for efficiently training the all-at-once quantization network. Specifically, we propose an adaptive selection strategy to choose a high-precision \enquote{teacher} for transferring knowledge to the low-precision student while jointly optimizing the model with all bit-widths. Furthermore, to effectively transfer knowledge, we develop a dynamic block swapping method by randomly replacing the blocks in the lower-precision student network with the corresponding blocks in the higher-precision teacher network. Extensive experiments on several challenging and diverse datasets for both image and video classification well demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach over state-of-the-art methods.
HPAT: High Performance Analytics with Scripting Ease-of-Use (2016)

Big data analytics requires high programmer productivity and high performance simultaneously on large-scale clusters. However, current big data analytics frameworks (e.g. Apache Spark) have prohibitive runtime overheads since they are library-based. We introduce a novel auto-parallelizing compiler approach that exploits the characteristics of the data analytics domain such as the map/reduce parallel pattern and is robust, unlike previous auto-parallelization methods. Using this approach, we build High Performance Analytics Toolkit (HPAT), which parallelizes high-level scripting (Julia) programs automatically, generates efficient MPI/C++ code, and provides resiliency. Furthermore, it provides automatic optimizations for scripting programs, such as fusion of array operations. Thus, HPAT is 369x to 2033x faster than Spark on the Cori supercomputer and 20x to 256x times on Amazon AWS.
Anisotropy Estimation Using Walkaway VSP Data (2003)

F-43 ANISOTROPY ESTIMATION USING WALKAWAY VSP DATA 1 R. ZHOU 1 Z. PATVAL 1 D. MCADOW 2 S. SINGH 2 F. DOHERTY 1 D. DUSHMAN 1 and C. BARBERAN 1 1 Baker Atlas 2001 Rankin Road Houston TX 77073 USA 2 ExxonMobil Exploration Company Summary Local phase slowness analysis and traveltime inversion are commonly used in walkaway VSP processing to estimate anisotropy parameters. Unknown structural effects often make it difficult to use a single method to correctly quantify the anisotropy effect on traveltime. A case study shows that joint use of the local slowness and traveltime inversion methods helps to
An adaptive probabilistic trust model and its evaluation (2008)

In open settings, the participants are autonomous and there is no central authority to ensure the felicity of their interactions. When agents interact in such settings, each relies upon being able to model the trustworthiness of the agents with whom it interacts. Fundamentally, such models must consider the past behavior of the other parties in order to predict their future behavior. Further, it is sensible for the agents to share information via referrals to trustworthy agents. Much progress has recently been made on probabilistic trust models including those that support the aggregation of information from multiple sources. However, current models do not support trust updates, leaving updates to be handled in an ad hoc manner.This paper proposes a trust representation that combines probabilities and certainty (defined as a function of a probability-certainty density function). Further, it offers a trust update mechanism to estimate the trustworthiness of referrers. This paper describes a testbed that goes beyond existing testbeds to enable the evaluation of a composite probability-certainty model. It then evaluates the proposed trust model showing that the trust model can (a) estimate trustworthiness of damping and capricious agents correctly, (b) update trust values of referrers accurately, and (c) resolve the conflicts in referral networks by certainty discounting.
Real-Time Prediction of Equivalent Circulation Density for Horizontal Wells Using Intelligent Machines (2020)

Equivalent circulation density (ECD) is an important part of drilling fluid calculations. Analytical equations based on the conservation of mass and momentum are used to determine the ECD at various depths in the wellbore. However, these equations do not incorporate important factors that have a direct impact on the ECD, such as bottom-hole temperature, pipe rotation and eccentricity, and wellbore roughness. This work introduced different intelligent machines that could provide a real-time accurate estimation of the ECD for horizontal wells, namely, the support vector machine (SVM), random forests (RF), and a functional network (FN). Also, this study sheds light on how principal component analysis (PCA) can be used to reduce the dimensionality of a data set without loss of any important information. Actual field data of Well-1, including drilling surface parameters and ECD measurements, were collected from a 5-7/8 in. horizontal section to develop the models. The performance of the models was assessed in terms of root-mean-square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup>). Then, the best model was validated using unseen data points of 1152 collected from Well-2. The results showed that the RF model outperformed the FN and SVM in predicting the ECD with an RMSE of 0.23 and <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> of 0.99 in the training set and with an RMSE of 0.42 and <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> of 0.99 in the testing set. Furthermore, the RF predicted the ECD in Well-2 with an RMSE of 0.35 and <i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> of 0.95. The developed models will help the drilling crew to have a comprehensive view of the ECD while drilling high-pressure high-temperature wells and detect downhole operational issues such as poor hole cleaning, kicks, and formation losses in a timely manner. Furthermore, it will promote safer operation and improve the crew response time limit to prevent undesired events.
Chirality-Driven Mode of Binding of α-Aminophosphonic Acid-Based Allosteric Inhibitors of the Human Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (hFPPS) (2019)

Thienopyrimidine-based allosteric inhibitors of the human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (hFPPS), characterized by a chiral α-aminophosphonic acid moiety, were synthesized as enantiomerically enriched pairs, and their binding mode was investigated by X-ray crystallography. A general consensus in the binding orientation of all (<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-enantiomers was revealed. This finding is a prerequisite for establishing a reliable structure-activity relationship (SAR) model.
Acquisition time for laser uplink communication to space-borne satellite using transmit diversity in atmospheric turbulence (2010)

A laser beam propagating through a random medium such as atmosphere will experience irradiance fluctuations due to the presence of turbulence. The turbulence induced fading can be circumvented by implementing transmit diversity which involves the deployment of multiple laser transmitters at the ground station. In this paper, performance of laser uplink communication with transmit diversity in atmospheric turbulence channels has been analyzed in terms of acquisition time for coherent (sub-carrier BPSK and QPSK) and noncoherent (OOK and Q-PPM) modulation schemes. In the analysis, both uncorrelated and correlated uplink laser beams are considered. It has been observed that transmit diversity decreases the acquisition time in all the modulation schemes irrespective of turbulence strength. Sub-carrier BPSK gives the least acquisition time to acquire the space borne satellite among all the modulation schemes. In case of non-coherent modulation schemes, OOK gives slightly better results than 2-PPM but there is an improvement in the acquisition time of Q-PPM as the value of Q increases.