gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric and Microstructural Properties of Ba(Ti1−xZrx)O3 Thin Films on Copper Substrates (2008)

Barium titanate zirconate, Ba(Ti1-xZrxO3 (0 ≤ × ≤ 0.25), thin films were deposited via the chemical solution deposition (CSD) process directly on copper foils. The films were processed in a reductive atmosphere containing water vapor and hydrogen gas at 900°C in order to preserve the metallic copper substrate while crystallizing the film into a perovskite structure. The microstructure and phase transition phenomena of films were studied utilizing x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant and loss tangent. Increasing the fraction of BaZrO3 revealed several effects, including an increase in unit cell dimensions, a decrease in both the temperature and value of the maximum permittivity, as well as a decrease in the average grain size of the films. Films were analyzed for dispersion in the transition temperature with frequency. Results indicated that films containing 25 mol% BaZrO3 demonstrate a shift in the temperature of the ferroelectric phase transition with increasing measurement frequency. This shift, combined with the dispersive nature of the transition, suggests that films of this composition are of the relaxor ferroelectric family. The ability to process high permittivity thin film materials directly on inexpensive copper substrates has strong technological implications toward embedded passives and efficient frequency agile devices.
The Influence of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide on Cavitation Intensity in Ultrasound Cleaning Systems (2013)

A study is made of the effect of dissolved CO 2 on cavitation inception and activity in an ultrasound system with a sound frequency of 928 kHz. It is shown that measurable cavitation activity is completely absent at moderate acoustic power densities (≤1.7 W cm -2 ) when only CO 2 is dissolved in ultra pure water. It is suggested that the enhanced stability of CO 2 bubbles against coalescence might be the origin of the delayed cavitation inception when compared to other dissolved gases. A combination of dissolved O 2 and CO 2 can lead to a measurable cavitation activity at an acoustic power of 420 mW cm -2 , but an increase of the dissolved CO 2 level reduces, in general, the observed cavitation activity. In order to compare results with different dissolved gas concentrations, measurements are performed with acoustic pulses and the pulse off time is varied. An optimal pulse-off time exists, where a maximum of cavitation activity is observed. However, the pulse-off time interval with enhanced cavitation activity is narrowed with increasing dissolved CO 2 concentrations. Again, a decrease in bubble coalescence might explain the narrowing of the “enhancement peak”.
Digitaalinen kulttuuri ja kirjaston rooli – QQML2013 Roomassa (2013)

Kirjastojen tutkimukseen ja sen menetelmiin keskittynyt seminaari, QQML, järjestettiin kesäkuussa 2013 Roomassa, Italiassa nyt jo viidennen kerran. Tänä vuonna seminaarissa oli 288 esitystä 65 maasta.
Successful treatment of metastatic sarcomas with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and DTIC (CAD) (1980)

Fifty consecutive adults with sarcoma were treated with Adriamycin (45 mg/m2) on day 1, cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2) on day 2, and DTIC (400 mg/m2) on days 1 and 2 (CAD). Of the 23 patients with measurable metastatic disease, 4 patients (17%) had a complete response, 9 patients (39%) had a partial response, 5 patients (22%) had stabilization, but 5 patients (22%) did not respond. The actuarial survival of complete and partial responders was 31.5 months compared to 5.5 months for non-responders (P < .005). Chemotherapy doses were escalated to a median lowest white count of 700 cells/mm3. Acute gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia occurred in all patients. CAD differed from previously reported combinations by omission of vincristine, a two-day dose schedule and dose rate intensification. CAD is recommended for patients with metastatic sarcoma.
Acoustic Tomography With Navy Sonars (2000)

Abstract : Data will be collected from a variety of Navy sonars. Traditional means to process the signals will be done including beamforming, coherent averaging (when dealing with periodic signals), correcting for Doppler shifts (when dealing with mobile sonars), and matched filtering (when a replica with the emitted waveform is available). The data will be interpreted using rays and the sound speed insensitive parabolic approximation (Tappert et al. 1995) . The acoustic models will be used in conjunction with oceanographic models that contain the best available digital data sets for bathymetry, sound speed fields that vary with range and depth, and internal waves. Spatial coherence will be modeled using the sound speed insensitive parabolic approximation and spectra of internal waves.
Strategyproof Reinforcement Learning for Online Resource Allocation (2020)

We consider an online resource allocation problem where tasks with specific values, sizes and resource requirements arrive dynamically over time, and have to be either serviced or rejected immediately. Reinforcement learning is a promising approach for this, but existing work on reinforcement learning has neglected that task owners may misreport their task requirements or values strategically when this is to their benefit. To address this, we apply mechanism design and propose a novel mechanism based on reinforcement learning that aims to maximise social welfare, is strategyproof and individually rational (i.e., truthful reporting and participation are incentivised). In experiments, we show that our algorithm achieves results that are typically within 90% of the optimal social welfare, while outperforming approaches that use fixed pricing (by up to 86% in specific cases).
Lego-Features: Exporting Modular Encoder Features for Streaming and Deliberation ASR (2023)

In end-to-end (E2E) speech recognition models, a representational tight-coupling inevitably emerges between the encoder and the decoder. We build upon recent work that has begun to explore building encoders with modular encoded representations, such that encoders and decoders from different models can be stitched together in a zero-shot manner without further fine-tuning. While previous research only addresses full-context speech models, we explore the problem in a streaming setting as well. Our framework builds on top of existing encoded representations, converting them to modular features, dubbed as Lego-Features, without modifying the pre-trained model. The features remain interchangeable when the model is retrained with distinct initializations. Though sparse, we show that the Lego-Features are powerful when tested with RNN-T or LAS decoders, maintaining high-quality downstream performance. They are also rich enough to represent the first-pass prediction during two-pass deliberation. In this scenario, they outperform the N-best hypotheses, since they do not need to be supplemented with acoustic features to deliver the best results. Moreover, generating the Lego-Features does not require beam search or auto-regressive computation. Overall, they present a modular, powerful and cheap alternative to the standard encoder output, as well as the N-best hypotheses.
Excited‐State Raman Spectroscopy of Inorganic Compounds (1997)

Abstract— Raman spectra of inorganic complexes in excited electronic states are discussed. A brief overview of the field of transient Raman spectroscopy and experimental considerations are presented. Two examples from the author's laboratory are used to illustrate the type of information that can be obtained. The first example, an excited‐state Raman spectroscopic study of K 3 [Mn(CN) 5 NO], is chosen because it illustrates the connections between excited‐state molecular structure and vibrational properties. The pump pulse causes a change from a linear sp‐hybridized NO containing a triple bond to a bent sp 2 ‐hybridized NO containing a double bond. Both the NO stretch and normal modes involving other ligands are measured and interpreted. The second example is chosen to illustrate the vibrational consequences of photoinduced electron transfer. The Raman spectra of W(CO) 4 (diimine) complexes (diimine = 2,2'‐bipyridine, 4,4'‐dimethyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine, and isopropyl‐pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde imine) in the lowest tungsten to diimine charge transfer excited state are discussed. The excited‐state peaks are assigned to ligand ring deformation modes and to carbonyl stretching modes. The totally symmetric cis ‐carbonyl stretching mode in the charge transfer excited state is about 50 cm' higher in energy than that of the molecule in the ground electronic state. The increase is interpreted in terms of loss of metal‐car‐bonyl back‐bonding in the charge transfer excited state. Finally, a summary of the field's strengths and difficulties and a brief discussion of the future perspectives are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Quasicrystalline Order in Self‐Assembled Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>New evaluation method for the depth of field in terms of the information-passing capacity</title> (1993)

A new evaluation method for the depth of field in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) images in terms of the quality of an optical image is introduced. The depth of field, in our method, is evaluated by calculating the image resolution along the optical axis defined in terms of the information passing capacity (IPC) of an optical system. The IPC corresponds to the mean information content included in an optical image, i.e., the quality of the image, evaluated based on the theory of Linfoot. The depth of field in a high resolution observation evaluated by our method depends on the accelerating voltage of the primary beam and signal- to-noise ratio of the image. The calculated results has agreed well with experiment.
Tuning Ionic Liquids for Simultaneous Dilution and Demulsification of Water-In-Bitumen Emulsions at Ambient Temperature (2019)

Summary Thermal and flotation processes are widely used to produce bitumen from oil sand in Alberta. However, bitumen contains many surface-active components that tend to form water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion stabilized by fines and/or asphaltenes. Although several demulsifiers have been proposed in the literature to treat such emulsions, these chemicals are sometimes not effective. We propose ionic liquids (ILs) whose composition has been designed to enable effective treatment of these emulsions. Different ILs were synthesized and tested for their efficiency in treating bitumen emulsion obtained from a field in Alberta. ILs tested are mixtures of organic bases (primary and tertiary amines) with oleic acid. Mixtures of ILs and bitumen emulsion were prepared at several mass ratios. The two components were mixed under ambient conditions. After mixing, segregation of different components in the mixture was accelerated by centrifugation for rapid assessment of the degree of emulsion breaking. Optical microscopy, rheology, thermal gravimetric analysis, and viscosity measurements were used to assess the effect of ILs on bitumen emulsions. The first set of ILs with primary amine cations of different alkyl chain lengths (N-butylammonium oleate, N-octylammonium oleate) were able to separate the water from the emulsion. However, these ILs tended to form gels when mixed with water. The IL prepared from a tertiary amine with short alkyl chain length, triethylammonium oleate, also formed a gel with water. The number and length of alkyl chains proved critical for avoiding gel formation. ILs with tertiary amine cations of longer alkyl chain lengths (tri-N-butylammonium oleate and tri-N-octylammonium oleate) were immiscible with the separated water and did not gel. These ILs were very efficient in diluting and demulsifying bitumen emulsion. The emulsion droplet sizes increased upon addition of the IL. The IL mixes into the bitumen phase released from the emulsion, yielding a viscosity at an ambient temperature close to the pipeline specifications. This work demonstrates that ILs can be tailored to break bitumen emulsions effectively without heat input. The process developed in this paper can replace current practice for the demulsification and dilution of bitumen emulsions, which requires the emulsion to be heated significantly. Hence the IL process reduces the heat requirements and hence greenhouse gas emissions.
Measurement-based quantum computation with the toric code states (2007)

We study measurement-based quantum computation (MQC) using as a quantum resource the planar code state on a two-dimensional square lattice (planar analog of the toric code). It is shown that MQC with the planar code state can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer if at each step of MQC the sets of measured and unmeasured qubits correspond to connected subsets of the lattice. The simulation scheme is built upon Barahona's algorithm for computing the partition function of the Ising model on a planar graph. Our results provide a simulation method for MQC centered around planarity of graphs.
Orange Zn–Al–O–N Powder Active for Photocatalytic Water Reduction and Oxidation Synthesized from a Zn–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Using Urea as the Nitriding Agent (2022)

The development of colored inorganic powders that are inexpensive, chemically stable, and nontoxic is important for applications such as heterogeneous photocatalysts and pigments. Here, we show that a ZnO-based orange powder can be synthesized through thermal conversion of a two-dimensional Zn–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) in the presence of urea as a nitriding agent, thereby avoiding the use of expensive, poisonous NH3 gas. Heating a mixture of Zn–Al LDH and urea under a flow of N2 at 773 K yielded N-doped ZnO as the main crystalline phase, along with a small amount of Zn(CN2). At temperatures greater than 873 K, N-doped ZnO with deep-orange coloration began to appear as the main phase, accompanied by a small amount of γ-AlON. The orange color, which was attributed to the formation of a N-doped ZnO phase, became more prominent with increasing temperature up to 973 K. At temperatures greater than 973 K, an optically transparent ZnAl2O4 phase was dominant, resulting in a loss of the orange coloration. Nitridation of Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2 and γ-AlOOH, which are analogous layered compounds prepared in a manner similar to that of Zn–Al LDH, with urea at 973 K did not yield an orange product. Under visible light, the Zn–Al–O–N powder produced H2 from aqueous methanol solution and O2 gas from a silver nitrate solution, with apparent quantum yields of 0.26 and 1.8% at 420 nm, respectively. This work highlights that the use of base metal-based LDH and an inexpensive solid nitrogen source may provide a unique platform for synthesizing a new photocatalyst material, which is unattainable with the previous method using toxic ammonia gas.
Large scale power system simulation and PMU testing using a real time digital simulator (2007)

In recent times the use of PMU's is being investigated as part of wide area power system control. Real time simulation and closed-loop testing is essential to the development of these controllers. This paper introduces the methods used to create large scale power system models on the RTDS Simulator for the testing of PMU's. Data conversion and load flow programs are two tools that are very effective when creating large scale electromagnetic transient simulations. The paper explains the key aspects of these tools. For some applications, high precision pulses are used by PMU's to measure generator rotor angles. A pulse must be given for each revolution of the generator with an accuracy of 3-5 microseconds. This is a challenge for a discrete time simulation operating with a typical timestep of 50-70 microseconds. A technique to provide the pulse with an accuracy of 1 microsecond is introduced. Finally an example is presented to demonstrate the entire process of creating large scale power system models on the RTDS Simulator for PMU testing.
Fig S6 from <i>Frizzled-7</i> Is Required for Wnt Signaling in Gastric Tumors with and Without <i>Apc</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S6. IHC for b-catenin, Myc, gastrin and Muc5a in Apc.Fzd7.TffCre adenoma tissue.&lt;/p&gt;
Kinetic discussion on the catalysis of copper‐partially‐quaternized poly‐(vinylpyridine) complexes (1974)

Abstract 2,6‐Xylenol was oxidatively polymerized by Cu‐poly (vinylpyridine) (PVP) complex or Cu‐partially‐quaternized PVP (QPVP) complex in a homogeneous dimethylsulfoxide solution, and the mechanism of the catalysis of the polymeric Cu complexes was discussed. The polymerization rate increased in the following order: Cu‐pyridine &lt;Cu‐PVP&lt;Cu‐QPVP. The catalytic activity of the Cu‐QPVP complex exhibited a maximum in the region where the percentage of quaternization of QPVP was 20‐50% and tended to increase with the degree of polymerization of QPVP. Considering through the kinetic constants of the polymerization, the neutral salt effect, and the influence of the monomer species, it was cleared that the higher activity of the Cu‐QPVP catalyst was attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the QPVP complex and the anionic monomer. That is to say, the intermediate complex, to which xylenol is coordinated, is enthalpically stabilized due to the electrostatic field of the QPVP complex. Activation entropy Δ S† of the polymer catalyst was larger in comparison with the monomeric analog, and the larger Δ S†S was observed in the PVP system and the neutral‐salt‐added QPVP system, of which structures were compact. It is considered that the frequency factor of the dissociation step of the activated monomer increases because of the high density of cupric ion in the polymer complex.
Fibroblast Differentiation in Subcutaneous Fibrosis after Postmastectomy Radiotherapy (2000)

In order to acquire a better understanding of the mechanism of radiation-induced fibrosis, we studied the differentiation of normal skin fibroblasts cultured from breast cancer radiotherapy patients with different risk of fibrosis. The differentiation state of fibroblasts was characterized in clonal cultures using established cytomorphological criteria. Collagen synthesis was determined by 3H-proline incorporation into pepsin-resistant protein. Radiation-induced inactivation of fibroblasts was paralleled by an increase in terminally differentiated fibrocytes, demonstrating that premature terminal differentiation is an important response to irradiation of fibroblasts from radiotherapy patients. Surviving colony-forming fibroblasts showed a change in differentiation with an increase in the ratio L:E of progenitor fibroblasts in late (L) compared to early (E) differentiation states. Furthermore, increased collagen production was observed after irradiation. The results provide evidence supporting a role of terminal fibroblast differentiation in radiation-induced fibrosis and imply that the progenitor population surviving radiotherapy might be more prone to terminal differentiation than before radiotherapy.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects (2002)

Lack of fucose on human IgG1 oligosaccharide improves its affinity for Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa). To address the mechanisms of affinity improvement by the defucosylation, we used isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and biosensor analysis with surface plasmon resonance. ITC demonstrated that IgG1-FcγRIIIa binding was driven by favorable binding enthalpy (∆H) but opposed by unfavorable binding entropy change (∆S). Lack of fucose on IgG1 enhanced the favorable ∆H, leading to the increase in the binding constant of IgG1 for the receptor by a factor of 20 to 30. The increase in the affinity was mainly attributed to an enhanced association rate. A triple amino acid substitution in IgG1, S298A/E333A/K334A, is also known to improve IgG1 affinity for FcγRIIIa. ITC demonstrated that the amino acid substitution attenuated the unfavorable ∆S, resulting in a 3 to 4-fold increase in the binding constant. The affinity enhancement by the amino acid substitution was due to a reduced dissociation rate. These results indicate that the mechanism of affinity improvement by the defucosylation is quite distinct from that by the amino acid substitution. Defucosylated IgG1 exhibited higher antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) than S298A/- E333A/K334A-IgG1, showing a correlation between IgG1 affinity for FcγRIIIa and ADCC.
Effects of Partitioning of Manganese and Silicon during Intercritical Annealing on Transformation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloyed TRIP-assisted Steel Sheets (2015)

The effects of partitioning of Mn and Si during intercritical annealing on transformation behavior and mechanical properties of low alloyed TRIP-assisted steel sheets were investigated by using 0.17%C-1.5%Si-1.7%Mn steel. During intercritical annealing, Mn and Si were concentrated in austenite and ferrite by partitioning, respectively. This partitioning of Mn and Si suppressed bainite transformation during austempering and decreased the volume fraction of retained austenite and its C content. This could be mainly because partitioning of Mn and Si shifted the T0’ curve to the lower C concentration region and stopped bainite transformation at a lower C concentration in residual austenite. The decrease in the volume fraction of retained austenite and its C content deteriorated the ductility of low alloyed TRIP-assisted steel sheets. Although proper intercritical annealing is necessary to increase C content in retained austenite, it should be noted that excessive intercritical annealing can deteriorate the ductility of low alloyed TRIP-assisted steel sheets because of partitioning of Mn and Si.
B-(Z)-γ-Methoxyallyldiisopinocampheylborane (2009)

[112571-25-2] InChI = 1S/C24H41BO/c1-15-19-11-17(23(19,3)4)13-21(15)25(9-8-10-26-7)22-14-18-12-20(16(22)2)24(18,5)6/h8,10,15-22H,9,11-14H2,1-7H3/b10-8-/t15-,16-,17+,18+,19-,20-,21?,22?/m1/s1 InChIKey = REIADFKXVYZJJI-AATYWXFTSA-N [112482-55-0] C24H41BO (MW 356.39) InChI = 1S/C24H41BO/c1-15-19-11-17(23(19,3)4)13-21(15)25(9-8-10-26-7)22-14-18-12-20(16(22)2)24(18,5)6/h8,10,15-22H,9,11-14H2,1-7H3/b10-8-/t15-,16-,17+,18+,19-,20-,21?,22?/m1/s1 InChIKey = REIADFKXVYZJJI-AATYWXFTSA-N (monofunctional alkoxyallylborating agent used for the reaction with aldehydes and imines to provide the α-alkoxyhomoallylic alcohols and amines, respectively, in a highly stereoselective fashion) Alternative Names: B-γ-Alkoxydiisopinocampheylborane. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 11B NMR (δ ∼80.0, s). Form Supplied in: not available commercially. Handling, Storage, and Precaution: prepared under inert nitrogen/argon atmosphere and used in situ. Physical Data: unstable at higher temperature and undergoes scrambling of the double bond. Preparative Methods: this reagent is prepared and used in situ and the typical procedure involves the lithiation of allylic ether 2 with sec-BuLi at −78 °C to form the (Z)-allylic anion 31 that upon reaction with Ipc2BOMe 4 provides an ‘ate’ complex 5. Addition of a strong Lewis acid (BF3·Et2O) to the ‘ate’ complex 5 releases the reagent (B)-(Z)-(γ)-alkoxyallyldiisopinocampheylborane 1 that is used in situ without isolation (eq 1).2 (1) Purification: none (air and moisture sensitive and unstable at higher temperatures, hence prepared and used in situ). Solubility: soluble in ether, THF, CH2Cl2, and other organic solvents.