gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV‐1 Tat and opiate‐induced changes in astrocytes promote chemotaxis of microglia through the expression of MCP‐1 and alternative chemokines (2005)

Opiates exacerbate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat(1-72)-induced release of key proinflammatory cytokines by astrocytes, which may accelerate HIV neuropathogenesis in opiate abusers. The release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, also known as CCL2), in particular, is potentiated by opiate-HIV Tat interactions in vitro. Although MCP-1 draws monocytes/macrophages to sites of CNS infection, and activated monocytes/microglia release factors that can damage bystander neurons, the role of MCP-1 in neuro-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (neuroAIDS) progression in opiate abusers, or nonabusers, is uncertain. Using a chemotaxis assay, N9 microglial cell migration was found to be significantly greater in conditioned medium from mouse striatal astrocytes exposed to morphine and/or Tat(1-72) than in vehicle-, mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist-, or inactive, mutant Tat(delta31-61)-treated controls. Conditioned medium from astrocytes treated with morphine and Tat caused the greatest increase in motility. The response was attenuated using conditioned medium immunoneutralized with MCP-1 antibodies, or medium from MCP-1(-/-) astrocytes. In the presence of morphine (time-release, subcutaneous implant), intrastriatal Tat increased the proportion of neural cells that were astroglia and F4/80+ macrophages at 7 days post-injection. This was not seen after treatment with Tat alone, or with morphine plus inactive Tat(delta31-61) or naltrexone. Glia displayed increased MOR and MCP-1 immunoreactivity after morphine and/or Tat exposure. The findings indicate that MCP-1 underlies most of the response of microglia, suggesting that one way in which opiates exacerbate neuroAIDS is by increasing astroglial-derived proinflammatory chemokines at focal sites of CNS infection and promoting macrophage entry and local microglial activation. Importantly, increased glial expression of MOR can trigger an opiate-driven amplification/positive feedback of MCP-1 production and inflammation.
[Occasionally detected malignant tumors of the kidney (author's transl)]. (1978)

A technique has been developed to fabricate polymeric helixes with sub-micron dimensions. These helixes are made using a double-templating process, in which an inorg. thin film deposited using glancing angle deposition acts as the master. The shape, pitch, handedness and no. of turns of the polymer helixes can be tuned by altering the deposition parameters of the master film. The structure of this pos. master is copied into a neg. intermediate template of photoresist, which itself acts as a master for the templating of polymer helixes. This process is demonstrated with four multifunctional acrylates. The master, intermediate template and polymer helixes are characterized using SEM, and the polymer helixes are characterized using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. It is shown that a large no. of polymer helical microstructures, which are anchored to both a thick substrate and a thin capping layer, can be made in parallel over areas of mm2 to cm2.
Investigation of the Decomposition Mechanism of Lithium Bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) Salt in the Electrolyte of an Aprotic Li–O2 Battery (2014)

Abstract The stability of the lithium bis(oxalate) borate (LiBOB) salt against lithium peroxide (Li 2 O 2 ) formation in an aprotic Li–O 2 (Li–air) battery is investigated. From theoretical and experimental findings, we find that the chemical decomposition of LiBOB in electrolytes leads to the formation lithium oxalate during the discharge of a Li–O 2 cell. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the formation of lithium oxalate as the reaction product is exothermic and therefore is thermodynamically feasible. This reaction seems to be independent of solvents used in the Li–O 2 cell, and therefore LiBOB is probably not suitable to be used as the salt in Li–O 2 cell electrolytes.
A Study of Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals using the Pyroelectric Technique (1997)

Abstract Antiferroelectric liquid crystals are studied using the pyroelectric technique. The effects of temperature and applied voltage on the pyroelectric signal are examined. The pyroelectric signal can detect phase changes that occur due to temperature and bias voltage. A high temperature ferrielectric phase FiLC is found and the stability of this phase under different bias voltages is examined.
Induction of polycystic ovary by testosterone in immature female rats: Modulation of apoptosis and attenuation of glucose/insulin ratio (2004)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is seen in 5% of fertile aged women. However, there is no satisfactory PCOS model in experimental animals. To induce polycystic ovary phenotype in immature female rats, Wistar rats 21 days of age were injected daily with testosterone propionate 1 mg/100 g body weight dissolved in propylene glycol or propylene glycol for up to 35 days. Seven days of injection with testosterone (T) resulted in the appearance of large cystic follicles and a dramatic accumulation of multi-layer preantral follicles. At 42 days of age puberty in control animals was evident by the appearance of corpora lutea. In contrast in T treated animals no corpora lutea formation was seen even at the age of 56 days. Progesterone in the control animals was elevated at the age of 42 days in contrast with the T treated animals in which progesterone remained low (20% of control). While during 14 days of T injection most of the follicles did not have progressive apoptosis, at 21-35 days of injection (42-56 days of age) the vast majority of follicles became apoptotic. Progressive degeneration of oocytes was evident in T treated animals reaching 70-85% of total oocytes at 21-35 days of T injection compared to 30-40% in control animals. Western blot analysis of ovarian homogenates revealed gradual decrease in Bcl-2 content, evident at 28 and 35 days of T injection compared to control animals. Interestingly, the fasting glucose/insulin ratio was dramatically reduced in T treated animals following 14 days of testosterone treatment compared to controls. Our data suggest that T injection to immature female rats can induce polycystic ovaries, block ovulation and attenuate progesterone production. Moreover, normal/low glucose and high insulin blood levels in the testosterone treated rats raises the possibility that elevated androgens can lead to insulin resistance in this experimental PCOS model.
Fuel Economy Potential of Partially Premixed Compression Ignition (PPCI) Combustion with Naphtha Fuel (2013)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recent research [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;] has shown that the compression ignition concept where very low cetane fuels (RON between 70 and 85) are run in compression ignition (CI) mode has several advantages. The engine will be at least as efficient and clean as the current diesel engines but will have a less complicated after-treatment system. The optimum fuel will be less processed and therefore simpler to make compared to current gasoline or diesel fuels. Naphtha, which is a product of the initial distillation of petroleum, is one such fuel. It provides a path to mitigate the global demand imbalance between heavier and lighter fuels that is otherwise projected. Since naphtha requires much less processing in the refinery than either gasoline or diesel [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;], there is an additional benefit in terms of well-to-wheel CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions and overall energy consumed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion with such a low cetane fuel has usually been investigated with a diesel engine base. In our recent publication [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;], we have demonstrated that Naphtha, an intermediate refinery stream, can fuel a modern Diesel vehicle without compromising comfort, drivability, emissions or power requirements. It can also be considered as a way of increasing the efficiency of a Gasoline powertrain system. In our previous paper [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;], we demonstrated a reduction in fuel consumption in a SI engine with a compression ratio (CR) of 12 when it was run in partially premixed combustion mode using naphtha. In this work, we developed more optimized combustion chamber design to improve idle and light load combustion stability. With a newly designed 14:1 CR piston and light naphtha, we achieved 26% average fuel consumption reduction over a range of part load operating points which represents federal test procedure (FTP) city cycle, compared to running the base SI engine on gasoline while engine out NOx &amp;amp; PM emissions were within Tier II Bin5 level. Load range windows for partially premixed combustion operation were identified without compromising emission and pressure rise rate thresholds. Lastly, stable naphtha combustion was also demonstrated at cold condition. Therefore, this work shows another way of developing a highly efficient fuel and engine system starting from a SI engine platform and optimized synergistically using naphtha fuel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Proteomic Analysis of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (2012)

To complement the recent genomic sequencing of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, proteomic analysis was performed on CHO cells including the cellular proteome, secretome, and glycoproteome using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of multiple fractions obtained from gel electrophoresis, multidimensional liquid chromatography, and solid phase extraction of glycopeptides (SPEG). From the 120 different mass spectrometry analyses generating 682,097 MS/MS spectra, 93,548 unique peptide sequences were identified with at most 0.02 false discovery rate (FDR). A total of 6164 grouped proteins were identified from both glycoproteome and proteome analysis, representing an 8-fold increase in the number of proteins currently identified in the CHO proteome. Furthermore, this is the first proteomic study done using the CHO genome exclusively, which provides for more accurate identification of proteins. From this analysis, the CHO codon frequency was determined and found to be distinct from humans, which will facilitate expression of human proteins in CHO cells. Analysis of the combined proteomic and mRNA data sets indicated the enrichment of a number of pathways including protein processing and apoptosis but depletion of proteins involved in steroid hormone and glycosphingolipid metabolism. Five-hundred four of the detected proteins included N-acetylation modifications, and 1292 different proteins were observed to be N-glycosylated. This first large-scale proteomic analysis will enhance the knowledge base about CHO capabilities for recombinant expression and provide information useful in cell engineering efforts aimed at modifying CHO cellular functions.
uLink (2017)

Web deep links are instrumental to many fundamental user experiences, such as navigating from one web page to another, bookmarking a page, or sharing it with others. Such experiences are not possible with individual pages inside mobile apps, since historically mobile apps did not have links equivalent to web deep links. Mobile deep links, introduced in recent years, still lack many important properties of web deep links. Unlike web links, mobile deep links need significant developer effort to be exposed, cover a small number of predefined pages, and are defined statically to navigate to a page for a given link, but not to dynamically generate a link for a given page. We have built uLink, a novel deep linking mechanism that addresses these problems. uLink is implemented as an application library, which transparently tracks data- and UI-event-dependencies of app pages, and encodes the information in links to the pages; when a link is invoked, the information is utilized to recreate the target page quickly and accurately. uLink also employs techniques, based on static and dynamic analysis of the app, that can provide feedback to users about whether a link may break in the future due to, e.g., modifications of external resources such as a file the link depends on. We have implemented uLink on Android, and tested with 30+ apps. Compared to existing mobile deep links, uLink requires minimal developer effort, achieves significantly higher coverage, and can provide accurate user feedback on a broken link.
Atomic Calligraphy: The Direct Writing of Nanoscale Structures using\n MEMS (2013)

We present a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) based method for the\nresist free patterning of nano-structures. Using a focused ion beam (FIB) to\ncustomize larger MEMS machines, we fabricate apertures as small as 50 nm on\nplates that can be moved with nanometer precision over an area greater than\n20x20 {\\mu}m^2. Depositing thermally evaporated gold atoms though the apertures\nwhile moving the plate results in the deposition of nanoscale metal patterns.\nAdding a shutter only microns above the aperture, enables high speed control of\nnot only where but also when atoms are deposited. Using a shutter, different\nsized apertures can be selectively opened and closed for nano-structure\nfabrication with features ranging from nano- to micrometers in scale. The\nability to evaporate materials with high precision, and thereby fabricate\ncircuits and structures in situ, enables new kinds of experiments based on the\ninteractions of a small number of atoms and eventually even single atoms.\n
Thoracic spinal cord neuromodulation obtunds dorsal root ganglion afferent neuronal transduction of the ischemic ventricle (2019)

Aberrant afferent signaling drives adverse remodeling of the cardiac nervous system in ischemic heart disease. The study objective was to determine whether thoracic spinal dorsal column stimulation (SCS) modulates cardiac afferent sensory transduction of the ischemic ventricle. In anesthetized canines (<i>n</i> = 16), extracellular activity generated by 62 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) soma (T1-T3), with verified myocardial ischemic (MI) sensitivity, were evaluated with and without 20-min preemptive SCS (T1-T3 spinal level; 50 Hz, 90% motor threshold). Transient MI was induced by 1-min coronary artery occlusion (CAO) of the left anterior descending (LAD) or circumflex (LCX) artery, randomized as to sequence. LAD and LCX CAO activated cardiac-related DRG neurons (LAD: 0.15 ± 0.04-1.05 ± 0.20 Hz, <i>P</i> < 0.00002; LCX: 0.08 ± 0.02-1.90 ± 0.45 Hz, <i>P</i> < 0.0003). SCS decreased basal neuronal activity of neurons that responded to LAD (0.15 ± 0.04 to 0.02 ± 0.01 Hz, <i>P</i> < 0.006) and LCX (0.08 ± 0.02 to 0.02 ± 0.01 Hz, <i>P</i> < 0.003). SCS suppressed responsiveness to transient MI (LAD: 1.05 ± 0.20-0.03 ± 0.01 Hz; <i>P</i> < 0.0001; LCX: 1.90 ± 0.45-0.03 ± 0.01 Hz; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Suprathreshold SCS (1 Hz) did not activate DRG neurons antidromically (<i>n</i> = 10 animals). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was associated with a rapid increase in DRG activity to a maximum of 4.39 ± 1.07 Hz at 20 s after VF induction and a return to 90% of baseline within 10 s thereafter. SCS obtunds the capacity of DRG ventricular neurites to transduce the ischemic myocardium to second-order spinal neurons, a mechanism that would blunt reflex sympathoexcitation to myocardial ischemic stress, thereby contributing to its capacity to cardioprotect.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Aberrant afferent signaling drives adverse remodeling of the cardiac nervous system in ischemic heart disease. This study determined that thoracic spinal column stimulation (SCS) obtunds the capacity of dorsal root ganglia ventricular afferent neurons to transduce the ischemic myocardium to second-order spinal neurons, a mechanism that would blunt reflex sympathoexcitation to myocardial ischemic stress. This modulation does not reflect antidromic actions of SCS but likely reflects efferent-mediated changes at the myocyte-sensory neurite interface.
Supplemental table S3 from Dose Escalation of Tamoxifen in Patients with Low Endoxifen Level: Evidence for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring—The TADE Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Endoxifen level for patients on moderate or strong CYP2D6 inhibitors&lt;/p&gt;
A Study of the Influence of Oxygen Index on Soot, Radiation, and Emission Characteristics of Turbulent Jet Flames (2002)

Many combustion applications benefit from the use of oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen as an oxidizer. To provide guidance in the use of oxygen-enriched or oxy-fuel combustion, research was conducted to understand how key parameters affect the radiation and emissions characteristics of jet flames for a range of oxygen indices from 21% (air) to 100% (pure O 2 ). Experiments were conducted on simple jet flames created by fuel issuing from a 3-mm i.d. straight tube into a low-velocity oxidizer stream for a variety of conditions. In addition to O 2 content of the oxidizer, fuel jet velocity and fuel type were varied. Laser light extinction was used to measure mean soot volume fractions as functions of axial distance. Other measurements include axial profiles of total radiant heat flux and NO x and CO emission indices. Results of these experiments were compared with predictions from a modified version of the two-stage Lagrangian (TSL) model of Broadwell and Lutz. The TSL code was modified by the incorporation of a detailed soot model from Frenklach et al. and the addition of a radiation submodel that accounts for both gas-band and soot blackbody radiation. In general, the TSL model captures the trends observed in the experiments for various parameters as functions of oxygen index, fuel type, and fuel-jet velocity, although absolute values are not predicted with engineering accuracy. The model was also exercised to predict the soot contribution to the total radiant heat transfer with soot volume fractions adjusted to be more representative of experimentally measured values.
Proteomic Study to Survey the CIGB-552 Antitumor Effect (2015)

CIGB-552 is a cell-penetrating peptide that exerts in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect on cancer cells. In the present work, the mechanism involved in such anticancer activity was studied using chemical proteomics and expression-based proteomics in culture cancer cell lines. CIGB-552 interacts with at least 55 proteins, as determined by chemical proteomics. A temporal differential proteomics based on iTRAQ quantification method was performed to identify CIGB-552 modulated proteins. The proteomic profile includes 72 differentially expressed proteins in response to CIGB-552 treatment. Proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by both approaches. In line with previous findings, proteomic data revealed that CIGB-552 triggers the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, proteins related to cell invasion were differentially modulated by CIGB-552 treatment suggesting new potentialities of CIGB-552 as anticancer agent. Overall, the current study contributes to a better understanding of the antitumor action mechanism of CIGB-552.
Role of bundle-forming pilus of enteropathogenicEscherichia coliin host cell adherence and in microcolony development (2001)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adheres to epithelial cells and forms microcolonies in localized areas. Bundle-forming pili (BFP) are necessary for autoaggregation and the formation of microcolonies. In this study, we show that BFP, expressed by EPEC on epithelial cells, disappeared with the expansion of the microcolony. Bacterial dispersal and the release of BFP from the EPEC aggregates were induced by contact with host cellular membrane extract. In addition, BFP-expressing EPEC adhered directly to cell surfaces, in preference to attaching to pre-formed microcolonies on the cells. These results suggested that BFP mediate the initial attachment of EPEC through direct interaction with the host cell rather than through the recruitment of unattached bacteria to microcolonies on the cell.
Supplementary Material from <i>SLC43A3</i> Is a Biomarker of Sensitivity to the Telomeric DNA Damage Mediator 6-Thio-2′-Deoxyguanosine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Seismic Waves in a Borehole - A Review (1983)

The propagation of seismic waves in an open borehole is reviewed. The principal wave types are the refracted P and S waves and the two guided waves- pseudo-Rayleigh and Stoneley. The dispersion properties of the gUided waves are analyzed. An efficient method of computing synthetic microseismograms is described. The relative effects of the borehole. fluid and formation properties on the propagation characteristics of the different wave types are discussed.
Telerobotics: A simulation facility for university research (1987)

An experimental telerobotics (TR) simulation suitable for studying human operator (H.O.) performance is described. Simple manipulator pick-and-place and tracking tasks allowed quantitative comparison of a number of calligraphic display viewing conditions. A number of control modes could be compared in this TR simulation, including displacement, rate and acceleratory control using position and force joysticks. A homeomorphic controller turned out to be no better than joysticks; the adaptive properties of the H.O. can apparently permit quite good control over a variety of controller configurations and control modes. Training by optimal control example seemed helpful in preliminary experiments. An introduced communication delay was found to produce decrease in performance. In considerable part, this difficulty could be compensated for by preview control information. That neurological control of normal human movement contains a data period of 0.2 second may relate to this robustness of H.O. control to delay. The Ames-Berkeley enhanced perspective display was utilized in conjunction with an experimental helmet mounted display system (HMD) that provided stereoscopic enhanced views.