gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-current recessed gate enhancement-mode ultrawide bandgap Al x Ga1−x N channel MOSHFET with drain current 0.48 A mm−1 and threshold voltage +3.6 V (2020)

Abstract We report a recessed-gate enhancement-mode Al 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 /Al 0.6 Ga 0.4 N/Al 0.4 Ga 0.6 N metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistor (MOSHFET) with drain current as high as 0.48 A mm −1 at a gate-source voltage of +12 V. This was enabled by a pseudomorphic HFET structure with graded back barrier for strain management and to screen the growth interface from the channel. The device exhibited a threshold-voltage ( V TH ) of 2.75 ± 0.57 V with absolute maximum V TH = 3.6 V, a +12.2 V shift from that for a depletion-mode MOSHFET fabricated on the same wafer. A 3-terminal breakdown voltage of 700 V was measured in the off-state, showing the viability of E-mode UWBG AlGaN for power electronics.
Message-driven dynamics (1997)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Access to Two Enantiomeric Oxirane Synthons Bearing a Quaternary gem‐Dimethyl Carbon Center: Synthesis of 3S‐(+)‐ and 3R‐(‐)‐ 2,2‐Dimethyl‐3,4‐oxo‐1‐butanol from R‐(‐)‐Pantolactone. (1986)

Abstract Das Hydroxy‐butyrolacton (Iu) wird nach Tosylierung mit Diisobutyluluminiumhydrid zu dem Trioltosylztt (II) gespalten, aus dem mit Kaliumcarbonut das Epoxid (III) sterisch einheitlich erhalten wird.
Advanced DSP for Monitoring and Mitigation in Optical Transport Networks (2020)

DSP-based transceivers with enhanced monitoring and mitigation capabilities enable highly efficient transport networking with minimized excess margin and open line systems with enhanced availability. Examples for such advanced DSP algorithms are introduced.
Strong Resistance to Bending Observed for Nanoparticle Membranes (2015)

We demonstrate how gold nanoparticle monolayers can be curled up into hollow scrolls that make it possible to extract both bending and stretching moduli from indentation by atomic force microscopy. We find a bending modulus that is 2 orders of magnitude larger than predicted by standard continuum elasticity, an enhancement we associate with nonlocal microstructural constraints. This finding opens up new opportunities for independent control of resistance to bending and stretching at the nanoscale.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Dual mTORC1/2 and HER2 Blockade Results in Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Breast Cancer Resistant to Anti-HER2 Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 386KB, In vivo treatments of JIMT1 xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;
Polysensitization and allergic multimorbidity: the extreme allergy phenotype from childhood to adulthood (2017)

<b>Introduction:</b> Children with coexisting asthma and rhinitis have more polysensitization than those with asthma or rhinitis alone. These associations remain poorly studied in older populations. <b>Aims:</b> We investigated the association between IgE sensitization patterns towards a large variety of respiratory allergen components and asthma and rhinitis multimorbidity in adults of the French EGEA cohort and adolescents of the Swedish BAMSE birth cohort. <b>Methods:</b> IgE reactivity to microarrayed allergens was determined for 64 respiratory allergen molecules with the MeDALL-chip in samples from EGEA (n=840, age=40.7±17.1yrs) and BAMSE (n=786, age=16yrs). Asthma and rhinitis were defined by questionnaire and four groups were identified, with their respective prevalences in EGEA and BAMSE: no asthma&amp;no rhinitis (A-R-; 30% and 54%), asthma alone (A+R-; 11% and 8%), rhinitis alone (A-R+; 15% and 24%), and asthma+rhinitis (A+R+; 44% and 14%). The age- and sex-adjusted associations between the number of IgE-reactivities (≥0.3 ISU) and the asthma-rhinitis phenotypes were assessed using a negative binomial model. <b>Results:</b> The numbers of IgE-reactivities significantly differed between the phenotypes (median values in A-R-, A+R-, A-R+ and A+R+ were 0, 1, 2 and 7 in EGEA and 0, 0, 3, and 5 in BAMSE). As compared to A-R- subjects, the adjusted ratio of the mean number of IgE-reactivities was higher in A+R+ than in A+R- or A-R+ (10.0, 5.4 and 5.0 in EGEA and 7.2, 0.7 and 4.8 in BAMSE). <b>Conclusion:</b> In two different populations, we showed that the asthma-plus-rhinitis multimorbidity is associated with multiple sensitizations to respiratory allergens, and that the phenotype can be generalized to any age.
Molecular genetic demonstration of the diverse evolution of Richter's syndrome (chronic lymphocytic leukemia and subsequent large cell lymphoma) (1994)

Paired samples of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and the subsequent diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLL) of six cases of Richter's syndrome were investigated to establish the clonal relationship between the CLL/SLL and the DLL components and to define the oncogene and/or tumor-suppressor gene alterations involved in the morphologic transformation of CLL/SLL. Southern blot hybridization analysis showed identical clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) gene-rearrangement patterns in the CLL/SLL and DLL components in four cases and different Ig gene-rearrangement patterns in two cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, cloning, and DNA sequencing of complementary determinant region 3 (CDR3) of the Ig-heavy chain gene of one of the two cases in which the Ig gene-rearrangement patterns were different showed nonidentical sequences in the CLL/SLL and DLL components. In the other case, monomorphic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome integration was detected in the DLL but not in the CLL, suggesting that the CLL and DLL components in this case of Richter's syndrome also represent unrelated clones. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and sequencing of exons 5 through 9 of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene showed a mutation in codon 176 of the DLL but not in the CLL/SLL component in one case where the CLL/SLL and DLL represented different clones. The p53 mutation probably played a role in the development of the lymphoma rather than morphologic transformation of the CLL/SLL in this case. SSCP analysis and sequencing also showed identical mutations in codon 282 in both the CLL/SLL and DLL components in a case where the CLL and DLL represented identical clones. Thus, this p53 gene mutation was present both before and after morphologic transformation, and therefore, probably did not play a primary role in this process. Southern blot hybridization analysis failed to show evidence of bcl-1, bcl-2, c-myc proto-oncogene or retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor-suppressor gene rearrangements in these six cases of Richter's syndrome. In conclusion, the original CLL/SLL and the subsequent DLL in Richter's syndrome may or may not be derived from identical clones, and the well-known proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes do not appear to play an obvious and consistent role in the morphologic transformation of CLL/SLL to DLL.
Anforderungen an einen elektrischen Radantrieb (2015)

Die theoretischen Grundlagen für die Beschreibung der Anforderungen an einen Fahrantrieb sind bekannt. Trotzdem ist eine Auslegung ohne exakte Kenntnis der Eingangsparameter schwer möglich. Extremwerte führen zu einer Überdimensionierung. In Dresden wurden in Vorbereitung auf den Aufbau eines Traktors mit elektrischen Einzelradantrieben Messfahrten durchgeführt, um die tatsächlich auftretenden Lasten in ihrem zeitlichen Verlauf berücksichtigen zu können. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bilden die Grundlage für die Auslegung des elektrischen Einzelradantriebes.
Silicon Microphotonics: High Volume Manufacturing (2015)

Cost, Energy and Bandwidth Density system requirements are driving photonic interconnection to shorter distances and to higher levels of integration. The number of optical interconnects scales inversely with distance to the chip. Silicon Microphotonics is capable of both high volume production and high levels of integration to meet this challenge.
A Particle Size-Shape-Dependent Three-Phase Two-Step Mori-Tanaka Method for Studying the Interphase of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites (2008)

The enhancement of polymers by nano fillers can improve their mechanical properties beyond those achieved in macro, meso and micro composites with the same volume fraction, particle morphology and particle aspect ratio. The basic enhancement mechanism is analogous to traditional composite mechanics and can be partly explained by classical composite theories. However, the much higher enhancement efficiency of fillers at the nano scale, i.e. the particle size effects, can not be explained by classical composite mechanics theories alone. The interphase is a main structural feature of nano composites within which a significant surface-to-volume ratio is achieved, and it plays a crucial role in understanding the size effects and enhancement mechanisms of nanocomposites. In this investigation, a semi-empirical method of determining the interphase thickness and elastic properties is developed by a combination of finite element simulation, thermodynamic formulation and experimental calibration and applied to LBL (layer by layer) polyurethane-clay nanocomposites studied by Podsiadlo, et al. [1, 2] and Li, et al. [3]. Based on this study, the classical two-phase Mori-Tanaka model is extended into three-phases by introducing the interphase through a two-step procedure using the concept of an effective matrix. It is shown that this two-step Mori-Tanaka method can predict the brittle to ductile transition in terms of interphase overlap. Most importantly, this approach overcomes a serious drawback of the classic Mori-Tanaka model: size-independency. Particle size effects as well as shape effects and their interactions can be studied as applications of this method.
The natural furanone ( 5Z )‐4‐bromo‐5‐(bromomethylene)‐3‐butyl‐2( 5H )‐furanone disrupts quorum sensing‐regulated gene expression in Vibrio harveyi by decreasing the DNA‐binding activity of the transcriptional regulator protein luxR (2007)

This study aimed at getting a deeper insight in the molecular mechanism by which the natural furanone (5Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-butyl-2(5H)-furanone disrupts quorum sensing in Vibrio harveyi. Bioluminescence experiments with signal molecule receptor double mutants revealed that the furanone blocks all three channels of the V. harveyi quorum sensing system. In further experiments using mutants with mutations in the quorum sensing signal transduction pathway, the compound was found to block quorum sensing-regulated bioluminescence by interacting with a component located downstream of the Hfq protein. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction with specific primers showed that there was no effect of the furanone on luxR(Vh) mRNA levels in wild-type V. harveyi cells. In contrast, mobility shift assays showed that in the presence of the furanone, significantly lower levels of the LuxR(Vh) response regulator protein were able to bind to its target promoter sequences in wild-type V. harveyi. Finally, tests with purified LuxR(Vh) protein also showed less shifts with furanone-treated LuxR(Vh), whereas the LuxR(Vh) concentration was found not to be altered by the furanone (as determined by SDS-PAGE). Therefore, our data indicate that the furanone blocks quorum sensing in V. harveyi by rendering the quorum sensing master regulator protein LuxR(Vh) unable to bind to the promoter sequences of quorum sensing-regulated genes.
Relationship between androgen biosynthesis linked to 3βHSD1 and resistance to radiotherapy: A germline biomarker for combined androgen blockade with radiation in high-risk prostate cancer. (2023)

e17084 Background: Around 50% of men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) have at least one germline copy of the adrenal-permissive (1245C) HSD3B1 allele. This allele leads to higher levels of the steroid biosynthesis enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD1). Inheriting this allele is linked to worse outcomes in men with advanced PCa. To determine if (1245C) HSD3B1 could be causing early resistance to combined androgen deprivation and radiotherapy in localized PCa, we studied its role in modulating radioresistance. Methods: PCa cell lines were used to investigate the reciprocal effects of 3βHSD1 knockdown and overexpression in intrinsically high and low 3βHSD1 lines, respectively. PCa xenografts were used to confirm the results in vivo. The connection between androgen receptor (AR) expression and elevated DNA Damage Response (DDR) gene expression was validated using transcriptomic data from 680 radical prostatectomy specimens The ability of enzalutamide, a non-steroidal anti-androgen, to restore radiosensitivity in 1245C expressing lines was interrogated in vitro and in vivo. Results: 1245C HSD3B1 expressing PCa lines displayed increased clonogenic survival after ionizing radiation. Effects were dependent on the 3βHSD1 substrate, DHEA, confirming intratumoral androgen metabolism was required for radioresistance. Resistant lines showed enhanced DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and heightened DDR gene expression. PCa xenografts with 1245C HSD3B1 were similarly more resistant to radiation using murine models that faithfully mimic human adrenal physiology. A correlation between AR expression and increased DDR gene expression was confirmed in 680 patient samples. Enzalutamide pretreatment resulted in a decrease in DSB repair ability and re-sensitized 1245C HSD3B1 PCa cells to radiation. Conclusions: 1245C HSD3B1 fuels prostate cancer treatment resistance by elevating regional androgen biosynthesis from adrenal steroid precursors, leading to DDR gene overexpression and enhanced DNA DSB repair kinetics. This work supports clinical validation of biomarker informed selective intensification strategies, e.g., combined androgen blockade, for high-risk men with the 1245C HSD3B1 allele receiving curative intent radiotherapy.
ChemInform Abstract: DEACETOXYCEPHALOSPORIN C FROM STREPTOMYCES AND FUNGI (1974)

Abstract Aus obiger Spezies wird das Antibioticum (I) isoliert.
Abstract no.: 3 Vitreous– a barrier to non‐viral ocular gene therapy (2006)

Purpose Intravitreal injection of therapeutic DNA, complexed to non‐viral carriers like cationic liposomes, may be promising to treat many severe retinal eye diseases. However, after intravitreal injection such DNA/cationic liposome complexes, so called lipoplexes, which are typically some hundreds of nanometers in size, must first diffuse through the vitreous before they can reach the retina. The aim of this study was both to elucidate whether vitreous is a barrier for the lipoplexes as well as to evaluate strategies to overcome this barrier. Methods Fluorescent polystyrene nanospheres and lipoplexes were mixed with vitreous and their mobility was monitored by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), a microscopy based technique. The stability of lipoplexes and naked pDNA in vitreous was studied by gel electrophoresis. Results We showed that polystyrene nanospheres, in our first experiments used as a model for the lipoplexes, do not diffuse freely into the vitreous but adhere to fibrillar structures in the vitreous, most likely to collagen fibers. Making the surface of the polystyrene nanospheres hydrophillic by attaching hydrophillic polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chains at their surface circumvented the binding to fibrillar structures in the vitreous. FRAP revealed that ‘pegylated’ polystyrene nanospheres, as long as they are smaller than 500 nm in size, are indeed mobile in the vitreous. It was further demonstrated that lipoplexes severely aggregate in vitreous and strongly bind to biopolymers in the vitreous which immobilizes them completely. However, as observed for the polystyrene nanospheres, coating of the lipoplexes with PEG avoided both their aggregation in the vitreous as well as their binding to fibrillar structures. Conclusions Modifying the surface of lipoplexes with hydrophylic PEG chains prevents them from aggregation in vitreous. In this way lipoplexes are obtained which can freely move in vitreous, an absolute request to be able to reach the retina after intravitreal injection.
Mainstreaming the metabolic syndrome: a definitive definition (2005)

This new definition should assist both researchers and clinicians.
Discovery of a Small Molecule Targeting IRA2 Deletion in Budding Yeast and Neurofibromin Loss in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells (2011)

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a life-threatening complication of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is caused by mutation in the gene encoding neurofibromin, a negative regulator of Ras signaling. There are no effective pharmacologic therapies for MPNST. To identify new therapeutic approaches targeting this dangerous malignancy, we developed assays in NF1(+/+) and NF1(-/-) MPNST cell lines and in budding yeast lacking the NF1 homologue IRA2 (ira2Δ). Here, we describe UC1, a small molecule that targets NF1(-/-) cell lines and ira2Δ budding yeast. By using yeast genetics, we identified NAB3 as a high-copy suppressor of UC1 sensitivity. NAB3 encodes an RNA binding protein that associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA Pol II and plays a role in the termination of nonpolyadenylated RNA transcripts. Strains with deletion of IRA2 are sensitive to genetic inactivation of NAB3, suggesting an interaction between Ras signaling and Nab3-dependent transcript termination. This work identifies a lead compound and a possible target pathway for NF1-associated MPNST, and shows a novel model system approach to identify and validate target pathways for cancer cells in which NF1 loss drives tumor formation.
Improving Cell-Free Massive MIMO by Local Per-Bit Soft Detection (2021)

In this letter, we consider the uplink of a cell-free Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network where each user is decoded by a subset of access points (APs). An additional step is introduced in the cell-free Massive MIMO processing: each AP in the uplink locally implements soft MIMO detection and then shares the resulting bit log-likelihoods on the front-haul link. The decoding of the data is performed at the central processing unit (CPU), collecting the data from the APs. The non-linear processing at the APs consists of the approximate computation of the posterior density for each received data bit, exploiting only local channel state information. The proposed method offers good performance in terms of frame-error-rate and considerably lower complexity than the optimal maximum-likelihood demodulator.
IMMU-09. DISRUPTION OF THE CCL2-CCR2 AXIS AUGMENTS THE EFFECTS OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS TO SLOW PROGRESSION OF GLIOMAS (2017)

Therapeutic approaches that target the immune system in cancer are gaining traction, with agents that disrupt the PD-L1/PD-1 axis showing success in melanoma and lung cancers. Pre-clinical and early clinical studies also indicate that these immune checkpoint inhibitors have efficacy in glioblastoma. While excitement exists for these approaches, identifying pharmacological targets that contribute to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is certain to lead to adjunctive therapies that will enhance the efficacy of existing immune-based therapies. Immune suppressive myeloid lineage-derived cells within the tumor microenvironment are a major contributor to the inability of the immune system to mount an effective anti-tumor response. The migration and function of myeloid cells are controlled by chemokines and their cognate receptors, with the CCL2/CCR2 chemokine system being a major pathway utilized by myeloid-derived cells to gain access into tissues. To determine if chemokine receptor CCR2 contributes to tumor progression in pre-clinical mouse models of glioma. The impact of either CCR2 deficiency or a CCR2 antagonist (CCX598) in combination with PD-L1:PD-1 axis inhibitors on the overall survival of glioma-bearing mice was assessed in two murine glioma models (GL261 and KR158). Anti-PD-1 treatment was more effective at slowing progression of GL261 and KR158 gliomas in mice lacking both copies of CCR2. A reduced presence of CCR2+/CD11b+ cells within GL261 and KR158 gliomas established in CCR2-deficient mice was also evident. The CCR2 antagonist, CCX598, augmented the effects of either anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 treatment to slow glioma progression, but had no effect on GL261 tumor-bearing mice when delivered as a monotherapy. Genetic deficiency or pharmacological antagonism of CCR2 augments the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors to slow glioma progression. These pre-clinical results support combining CCR2 antagonists with immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of glioblastoma patients.
HIF prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 regulates translational machinery and glucose metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2017)

Our findings suggest crucial involvement of PHD3 in the maintenance of key cellular functions including glycolysis and protein synthesis in ccRCC.
The Benefits of Utilizing a Patient Blood Management Program (2021)

ABSTRACT Purpose: This article aims to review the benefits of instituting a Patient Blood Management program (PBM) measured by the resultant significant decrease in the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion with associated adverse sequelae and financial cost to the patient and healthcare system. Method: An online search utilizing PubMed and the Cochrane Library was conducted with search terms anemia, patient, and blood management entered into each database with a filter chosen for articles written between 2015 and 2020. Twenty-eight pertinent articles were retrieved and after further review, seventeen served as the basis for this clinical review. Results: Significant increases in evidenced-based research over the last ten years continue to demonstrate the positive correlation of PBMs and reducing RBC transfusion rates, with the resultant reduction in complication rates, mortality, and associated costs. Conclusion: Evidence-based research shows that a Patient Blood Management program, as introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010, reduces the need for RBC transfusion and leads to lower patient complication rates. A PBM program substantially decreases patient morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and associated costs. The evidence additionally confirms that successful PBM programs apply specific universal measures. These include the detection and treatment of anemia, multidisciplinary blood conservation strategies, optimization of hemostasis or coagulopathy, and patient-centered care through incorporating a restrictive transfusion threshold.
Impact of Strand Number on Parallel β‐Sheet Stability (2015)

Abstract We have examined whether parallel β‐sheet secondary structure becomes more stable as the number of β‐strands increases, via comparisons among peptides designed to adopt two‐ or three‐stranded parallel β‐sheet conformations in aqueous solution. Our three‐strand design is the first experimental model of a triple‐stranded parallel β‐sheet. Analysis of the designed peptides by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy supports the hypothesis that increasing the number of β‐strands, from two to three, increases the stability of the parallel β‐sheet. We present the first experimental evidence for cooperativity in the folding of a triple‐stranded parallel β‐sheet, and we show how minimal model systems may enable experimental documentation of characteristic properties, such as CD spectra, of parallel β‐sheets.