gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perfluor-Verbindungen als Blutersatzmittel (1978)

Es klingt fast unglaublich: Tiere, deren Blut überwiegend oder sogar vollständig gegen Emulsionen von perfluorierten Verbindungen in Salzlösungen ausgetauscht wird, können überleben. So überstanden Ratten, die eine Perfluor-tributylamin-Suspension anstelle von Blut enthielten, einen 5 Stunden langen Aufenthalt in einer Atmosphäre aus 50% Sauerstoff und 50% Kohlenmonoxid, d. h. sie blieben unter Bedingungen am Leben, unter denen der Transport von Sauerstoff durch die Erythrocyten vollständig blockiert ist. In diesem Aufsatz werden 1. die Experimente behandelt, die gezeigt haben, daß Blutersatzmittel auf der Basis perfluorierter Verbindungen das Leben erhalten können, 2. Synthese und Eigenschaften der wichtigsten perfluorierten Verbindungen sowie deren Verarbeitung zu Emulsionen besprochen und 3. die „Physiologie”︁ dieser Verbindungen erörtert, d. h. Toxizität, Verweildauer im Blutkreislauf, Wirkung auf die Organe und Ausscheidung. -- Ehe Perfluor-Verbindungen als sicheres Blutersatzmittel in die medizinische Praxis eingeführt werden können, müssen folgende Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein: Es müssen viele Reihen gut definierter, reiner und inerter Perfluor-Verbindungen zur Verfügung stehen, aus den Verbindungen müssen sich stabile Emulsionen herstellen lassen, das Flüssigkeitsgleichgewicht muß optimiert sein, und es müssen vernünftige Ausscheidungsgeschwindigkeiten erzielt werden.
All-optical time-slot-interchange and wavelength conversion using difference-frequency-generation and FBGs (2000)

We demonstrate simultaneous all optical time-slot-interchange and wavelength conversion of a 2.5 Gb/s bit stream. We used different frequency generation (DFG) as a wavelength converter and fibre Bragg gratings (FBG)s as optical buffers. This technique is reconfigurable, scalable and employs high-extinction-ratio DFG-based time-slot-switching.
Learning Deep Generative Models (2015)

Building intelligent systems that are capable of extracting high-level representations from high-dimensional sensory data lies at the core of solving many artificial intelligence–related tasks, including object recognition, speech perception, and language understanding. Theoretical and biological arguments strongly suggest that building such systems requires models with deep architectures that involve many layers of nonlinear processing. In this article, we review several popular deep learning models, including deep belief networks and deep Boltzmann machines. We show that (a) these deep generative models, which contain many layers of latent variables and millions of parameters, can be learned efficiently, and (b) the learned high-level feature representations can be successfully applied in many application domains, including visual object recognition, information retrieval, classification, and regression tasks.
Study on Compensation of Short Term Power Fluctuation by Use of Heat Pump Air Conditioning System based on Real Machine (2012)

To reduce the energy capacity and power capacity of energy storage systems (ESSs) which is necessary to compensate power fluctuation in a power grid, the control of power that is used by electrical appliances on the demand side is considered. In this paper, the use of heat pump air conditioner for power fluctuation compensation is focused. The basic power consumption characteristics and processed heat characteristics of heat pump air conditioner which is measured by experiment using real machine is reported. Based on the measured characteristics, a simple model of heat pump is proposed. Using this heat pump model, simulations were carried out to analyse the amount of ESS's capacity that can be reduced by controlling the heat pump to compensate power fluctuations.
Synergistic Effects of Nanomedicine Targeting TNFR2 and DNA Demethylation Inhibitor—An Opportunity for Cancer Treatment (2019)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is expressed on some tumor cells, such as myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, colon cancer and ovarian cancer, as well as immunosuppressive cells. There is increasingly evidence that TNFR2 expression in cancer microenvironment has significant implications in cancer progression, metastasis and immune evasion. Although nanomedicine has been extensively studied as a carrier of cancer immunotherapeutic agents, no study to date has investigated TNFR2-targeting nanomedicine in cancer treatment. From an epigenetic perspective, previous studies indicate that DNA demethylation might be responsible for high expressions of TNFR2 in cancer models. This perspective review discusses a novel therapeutic strategy based on nanomedicine that has the capacity to target TNFR2 along with inhibition of DNA demethylation. This approach may maximize the anti-cancer potential of nanomedicine-based immunotherapy and, consequently, markedly improve the outcomes of the management of patients with malignancy.
Codeword Position Index based Sparse Code Multiple Access System (2018)

In this letter, a novel variation of sparse code multiple access (SCMA), called codeword position index based SCMA (CPI-SCMA), is proposed. In this scheme, the information is transmitted not only by the codewords in M point SCMA codebook, but also by the indices of the codeword positions in a data block. As such, both the power and transmission efficiency (TE) can be improved, moreover, CPI-SCMA can achieve a better error rate performance compare to conventional SCMA (C-SCMA).
History of cervical disc arthroplasty (2009)

Enthusiasm for cervical disc arthroplasty is based on the premise that motion-preserving devices attenuate the progression of adjacent-segment disease (ASD) in the cervical spine. Arthrodesis, on the other hand, results in abnormal load transfer on adjacent segments, leading to the acceleration of ASD. It has taken several decades of pioneering work to produce clinically relevant devices that mimic the kinematics of the intervertebral disc. The goal of this work is to trace the origins of cervical arthroplasty technology and highlight the attributes of devices currently available in the market.
On the use of gradients in Kriging surrogate models (2014)

The use of Kriging surrogate models has become popular in approximating computation-intensive deterministic computer models. In this work, the effect of enhancing Kriging surrogate models with a (partial) set of gradients is investigated. While, intuitively, gradient information is useful to enhance prediction accuracy, another motivation behind this work is to see whether it is worth including the gradients versus their computation time. Test results of two analytical functions and a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem from bio-mechanics show that this approach, known as Gradient Enhanced Kriging (GEK), can significantly enhance the accuracy of Kriging models even when the gradient data is only partially available.
Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons (2022)

Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of modern science and represent some of the most intractable computational problems in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles<sup>1</sup>. The lack of general solutions for the three-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multiparticle bound states<sup>2-9</sup>. Here we develop a high-fidelity parameterizable fSim gate and implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-½ XXZ model in a ring of 24 superconducting qubits. We study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to five photons. We devise a phase-sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the idea that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit.
Block-Diagonalization applied in multi-user Massive MIMO (2016)

One of the main areas of research for the next generation of mobile communications (5G) is the concept of Massive MIMO, which implies using base stations that employ a considerably larger number of antennas than the classic MIMO systems (tens or even hundreds of antennas). The challenges become increasingly difficult when it comes to dealing with multiple mobile stations (MU-MIMO system) sharing the same time-frequency resource. This paper treats the downlink direction case. In a hypothetical system implementation in which the base station (BS) applies a classical “point-to-point” MIMO precoding method the mobile stations have to make use of a collaborative detection method, where each mobile station is required to share its received signals as well as channel information to all others. In order to avoid the need of a collaborative detection scheme, the BS needs to apply a precoding scheme that is capable of eliminating inter-user interference: each user should receive only its own signals and not the ones intended for the other users. This paper investigates the scalability of the Block Diagonalization MU-MIMO digital precoding scheme in a multi-user Massive MIMO system.
Hydraulic Fracture Crossing Natural Fracture at Nonorthogonal Angles: A Criterion and Its Validation (2012)

Summary Hydraulic-fracturing treatments have become an indispensable part of well completion in shale gasfield development. Shale formations often contain natural fractures, and complex hydraulic-fracture networks may form during a treatment. The complex fracture network is strongly influenced by the interaction between the hydraulic fracture and the pre-existing natural fractures. A criterion has been developed to determine whether a fracture crosses a frictional interface (pre-existing fracture) at nonorthogonal angles. This criterion is an extension of the one for orthogonal crossing originally developed by Renshaw and Pollard (1995). The dependence of crossing on the intersection angle is shown quantitatively using the extended criterion. The fracture is more likely to turn and propagate along the interface than to cross it when the angle is less than 90°. The validation of the criterion using laboratory experiments for various angles is described and discussed. When applied to laboratory experiments, good agreement between the criterion and experiments is observed for a wide range of angles. The criterion can be used to determine whether hydraulic fractures cross natural fractures under particular field conditions, and it has been incorporated in a hydraulic-fracture model that simulates hydraulic-fracture propagation in a naturally fractured formation.
Synthesis of Vitamin E Analogues: Possible Active Forms of Vitamin E (1996)

Abstract We synthesized several vitamin E analogues containing oxygenated functional groups in place of the 8‐methyl group which is common to all the natural vitamin E congeners, based on the hypothesis that the methyl group might be metabolically oxidized to produce active forms which might have specific functions other than the antioxidant function. All the vitamin E analogues examined had antioxidant activity. 8‐[6‐Hydroxy‐2,5,7‐trimethyl]‐2‐(4,8,12‐trimethyltridecanyl)chroman'methanol ( 1d ) and 2,5,7‐trimethyl‐2‐(4,8,12‐trimethyltridecanyl)chroman‐6‐ol ( 4d ) showed similar activity to α‐tocopherol. 6‐Hydroxy‐2,5,7‐trimethyl‐2‐(4,8,12‐trimethyltridecanyl) chroman‐8‐carbaldehyde ( 2d ) and 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7‐trimethyl‐2‐(4,8,12‐trimethyltridecanyl)chroman‐8‐carboxylic acid ( 3d ) showed weaker activity than α‐tocopherol, but their duration of action, especially that of 3d was considerably longer.
Broadband athermal waveguides and devices for datacom and telecom applications (2018)

The high temperature sensitivity of silicon material limits the applications of silicon-based micro-ring resonators in integrated photonics. To realize a low but broadband temperature-dependence-wavelength-shift (TDWS) micro-ring resonator, designing a broadband athermal waveguide becomes a significant task. In this work, we propose a broadband athermal waveguide which shows a low effective thermos-optical coefficient (TOC) of &plusmn;1&times;10<sup>-6</sup>/K at 1400 nm to 1700 nm. The proposed waveguide shows low-loss performance of 0.01 dB/cm and stable broadband-athermal ability when it’s applied in micro-ring resonators, and the optical loss of micro-ring resonator with a radius of 100 &mu;m using this waveguide is 0.02 dB/cm.
[Importance of proximal femoral fractures in elderly patients. Results of a prospective study of 61 patients]. (1994)

In a prospective study we found good results concerning postoperative complications (21%), perioperative lethality (3.2%) and lethality during hospital stay (6.5%) after implantation of dynamic hip screws (DHS) in patients with per- and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. The ability to walk, as well as housing and social care postoperatively and follow-up for at least six months after dismissal demonstrates the importance of these fractures for the elderly. One of three patients needs professional care, 21% at home, 13% in nursing homes. Six months after operation the lethality is nearly 20%, i.e. three times higher than in hospital. These are the essential data for all techniques of osteosynthesis used in patients with these fractures, which could only be documented in prospective studies.
Supplementary Figures 1-4, Tables 1-4 from Inhibition of ALK, PI3K/MEK, and HSP90 in Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma Induced by <i>EML4-ALK</i> Fusion Oncogene (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-4, Tables 1-4 from Inhibition of ALK, PI3K/MEK, and HSP90 in Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma Induced by &lt;i&gt;EML4-ALK&lt;/i&gt; Fusion Oncogene
Cancer burden with ageing population in urban regions in China: projection on cancer registry data from World Health Organization (2016)

The incidence rates of lung, colorectal and prostate cancers will continue to rise in the future decades due to the rise of ageing population. Lifestyle modification such as cutting tobacco smoking rates and promoting healthier diets as well as cancer screening programs should be a health system priority in order to decrease the growing burden of cancer-related mortality and morbidity.
HEMA Inhibits Interfacial Nano-layering of the Functional Monomer MDP (2012)

Previous research showed that the functional monomer 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) ionically bonds to hydroxyapatite (HAp) and forms a nano-layered structure at the interface with HAp-based substrates. Such hydrophobic nano-layering is considered to contribute to the long-term durability of the bond to tooth tissue. However, dental adhesives are complex mixtures usually containing different monomers. This study investigated the effect of the monomer 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) on the chemical interaction of MDP with HAp by x-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). We examined the chemical interaction of 5 experimental MDP solutions with increasing concentrations of HEMA. XRD revealed that addition of HEMA inhibits nano-layering at the interface, while NMR confirmed that MDP remained adsorbed onto the HAp surface. QCM confirmed this adsorption of MDP to HAp, as well as revealed that the demineralization rate of HAp by MDP was reduced by HEMA. It was concluded that even though the adsorption of MDP to HAp was not hindered, addition of HEMA inhibited interfacial nano-layering. Potential consequences with regard to bond durability necessitate further research.
Mach–Zehnder Interferometric Wavelength Converter as a Pseudo Return-to-Zero Extractor (2007)

We have used semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based Mach–Zehnder interferometric wavelength converter (MZ-IWC) as a pseudo return-to-zero (PRZ) extractor. Applying this scheme, PRZ was extracted from non-return-to-zero pump beam after MZ-IWC and optical clock was recovered by injection-locking a self-pulsating laser diode with the extracted PRZ. In addition, a wavelength-converted signal was obtained from probe beam.
Allogeneic Versus Autologous Derived Cell Sources for Use in Engineered Bone-Ligament-Bone Grafts in Sheep Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair (2014)

The use of autografts versus allografts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is controversial. The current popular options for ACL reconstruction are patellar tendon or hamstring autografts, yet advances in allograft technologies have made allogeneic grafts a favorable option for repair tissue. Despite this, the mismatched biomechanical properties and risk of osteoarthritis resulting from the current graft technologies have prompted the investigation of new tissue sources for ACL reconstruction. Previous work by our lab has demonstrated that tissue-engineered bone-ligament-bone (BLB) constructs generated from an allogeneic cell source develop structural and functional properties similar to those of native ACL and vascular and neural structures that exceed those of autologous patellar tendon grafts. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of our tissue-engineered ligament constructs fabricated from autologous versus allogeneic cell sources. Our preliminary results demonstrate that 6 months postimplantation, our tissue-engineered auto- and allogeneic BLB grafts show similar histological and mechanical outcomes indicating that the autologous grafts are a viable option for ACL reconstruction. These data indicate that our tissue-engineered autologous ligament graft could be used in clinical situations where immune rejection and disease transmission may preclude allograft use.
Modelization and Three-Dimensional Visulation of the Carpus From CT Slices (2005)

This paper presents a method of 3D modelization of the bones of the carpus from a set of CT slices. This modelization allows to process a 3D segmented visualization of the wrist. Many authors have studied the way of computing images of 3D data by so called "volume rendering" or "ray tracing" techniques [6, 7]. The major drawback of these approaches is that they cannot process independently the different objects appearing in the volume. Our method separates the bones of the wrist, allowing to render surfaces hidden by other bones or to evaluate precisely the location and the shape of a fracture. This technique of visualization is based on a first step of modelization of the bones. In order to isolate the bones one from the other, we apply a segmentation technique to the set of slices, producing a set of contours. To classify these contours into different bones, we use a proximity criterion based on the computation of their best approximation ellipses which allows to build an adjacence graph of the contours. Then, a bone is modelized as a connex component of this graph. This gives a wireframe representation of the bones. The external surfaces can then be approximated by triangulation or spline interpolation and visualized by classical rendering algorithms.
Leptomeningeal Enhancement in a Patient with Proven West Nile Virus Infection (2003)

Leptomeningeal Enhancement in a Patient with Proven West Nile Virus InfectionAdam D. Olsan1, James M. Milburn1, Katherine L. Baumgarten2 and Hugh Lee Durham2Audio Available | Share
Stem/Progenitor Cells from Inflamed Human Dental Pulp Retain Tissue Regeneration Potential (2010)

DPSCs-IPs can be isolated and their mesenchymal stem cell marker profiles are similar to those from NPs. Although some stem cell properties of DPSCs-IPs were altered, cells from some samples remained potent in tissue regeneration in vivo.
A novel thapsigargin prodrug demonstrates antitumor activity against a panel of human cancer xenografts (2007)

C238 Thapsigargin (TG) is a highly lipophilic, cytotoxic natural product isolated in high yield from the umbelliferous plant Thapsia garganica. In the NCI 60 Cancer Cell Line Screen, TG has an GI50 of ~10-10 Molar which compares favorably with chemotherapeutic agents such as Paclitaxel (10-8 M) and Doxorubicin (10-7 M) in this assay. TG is a non-cell type specific cytotoxin that kills cells in a proliferation independent manner via its potent inhibition of a critical intracellular protein, the Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump. Sustained inhibition of the SERCA pump by TG produces an elevation of intracellular calcium to micromolar levels which triggers the Endoplasmic Reticulum stress sesponse, releases apoptotic factors from the Mitochondria and directly activates endonucleases within the Nucleus. TG has no therapeutic index in vivo with an LD100 in nude mice of 0.2 mg/kg. In order to create a theraputic index that would allow for sytemic administration we have generated prodrugs by coupling water solule peptides to a potent analog of thapsigargin, (12Aminododecanoyl)-8-O debutanoylthapsigargin (12ADT). In addition to solubilization, the peptide also serves to mask the cytotoxicity of the TG analog until it is released by specific active proteases present within tumor sites. In this study we coupled a series of acidic amino acids to the 12ADT analog to generate water soluble prodrugs. One of these prodrugs (G202) was selected for further in vivo evaluation based on ability to be hydrolyzed by the carboxypeptidase Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA). PSMA is membrane protein that is highly expressed by prostate tissue with strongest expression in both primary and metastatic prostate cancers and is upregulated upon androgen withdrawal. PSMA, however, is also expressed by the neovasculature within most solid tumors, but not by normal tissue vasculature. After identifying a clinically acceptable formulation vehicle (i.e. Propylene Glycol/Solutol) pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies were performed. A single dose of G202 at a dose of 56 mg/kg (i.e. ~150-fold higher TG equivalents) produced a Cmax of ~ 800 μM and a plasma half-life of ~5hr. Efficacy studies against PSMA-producing CWR22RH human prostate cancer xenografts in castrated mice demonstrated tumor regression and significant growth delay following a single 3-day (56 mg/kg/day) course of G202. In additional studies using non-PSMA expressing tumors, a single 2-3 dose course of G202 at 56 mg/kg produced sustained regression of human cancer xenografts TSU (bladder), SN12C (renal) and MCF-7 (breast) with minimal acute toxicity to treated animals. G202 was particularly effective against MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts in which >90% to complete tumor regressions observed in the majority of treated animals following a single 2 dose course. These preclinical results support the continued development and clinical testing of G202 as a novel anticancer agent.
Champ électrique pulsé haute tension pour le traitement de l'eau et la conservation des aliments (2000)

International audience
Can images help recognize entities? A study of the role of images for Multimodal NER (2020)

Multimodal named entity recognition (MNER) requires to bridge the gap between language understanding and visual context. While many multimodal neural techniques have been proposed to incorporate images into the MNER task, the model's ability to leverage multimodal interactions remains poorly understood. In this work, we conduct in-depth analyses of existing multimodal fusion techniques from different perspectives and describe the scenarios where adding information from the image does not always boost performance. We also study the use of captions as a way to enrich the context for MNER. Experiments on three datasets from popular social platforms expose the bottleneck of existing multimodal models and the situations where using captions is beneficial.