gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Venous Ulcers (2005)

Veneous ulcers are extremely common, accounting for a large proportin of all lower extremity ulcers. Due to their chronicity and relatively high prevalence, their impact on the cost of healthcare and the lives of the patients affected is quite significant. There has been progress in understanding the pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of these ulcers, but the basic principles of care have remained consistent for almost a half century. To allow for optimal healing, it is important to maintain a clean moist wound bed, treat any clinically significant infection, and decrease surrounding edema.
Distribution of Chains in Polymer Brushes Produced by a “Grafting From” Mechanism (2016)

The molecular weight and polydispersity of the chains in a polymer brush are critical parameters determining the brush properties. However, the characterization of polymer brushes is hindered by the vanishingly small mass of polymer present in brush layers. In this study, in order to obtain sufficient quantities of polymer for analysis, polymer brushes were grown from high surface area fibrous nylon membranes by ATRP. The brushes were synthesized with varying surface initiator densities, polymerization times, and amounts of sacrificial initiator, then cleaved from the substrate, and analyzed by GPC and NMR. Characterization showed that the surface-grown polymer chains were more polydisperse and had lower average molecular weight compared to solution-grown polymers synthesized concurrently. Furthermore, the molecular weight distribution of the polymer brushes was observed to be bimodal, with a low molecular weight population of chains representing a significant mass fraction of the polymer chains at high surface initiator densities. The origin of this low MW polymer fraction is proposed to be the termination of growing chains by recombination during the early stages of polymerization, a mechanism confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations of brush polymerization.
Ein stabiles Polyphenoxyl mit sternförmiger π-Konjugation: Oktett-Zustand im Mittel (1998)

Eine Spinquantenzahl von 7/2 weist das sternförmige, π-konjugierte Polyradikal 1 selbst bei einer Spinkonzentration von 0.8 pro Monomereinheit auf. 1 ist bei Raumtemperatur stabil und ist vielversprechend für die Synthese eines praktikablen Polymers mit sehr hohem Spin.
Atomic force microscope lithography using amorphous silicon as a resist and advances in parallel operation (1995)

Lithography on (100) single-crystal silicon and amorphous silicon is performed by electric-field-enhanced local oxidation of silicon using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Amorphous silicon is used as a negative resist to pattern silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and selected metals. Amorphous silicon is used in conjunction with chromium to create a robust etch mask, and with titanium to create a positive AFM resist. All lithographies presented here were patterned in parallel by arrays of two piezoresistive silicon or two silicon-nitride cantilevers. Parallel arrays of five piezoresistive cantilevers were fabricated and used in imaging and lithographic applications. A 400 μm×100 μm parallel image is obtained in the time it would normally take to obtain a 100 μm×100 μm image. In our method of parallel operation, it is only possible to image and lithograph in modes that do not require feedback. In imaging, this limits the possible applications of the parallel AFM. During parallel lithography, discrepancies are seen between the tip in the feedback loop and those that are not. To overcome these differences it will be necessary to devise a system where each of the tips in the array are controlled by individual feedback loops.
Control Plane Compression (2018)

We develop an algorithm capable of compressing large networks into a smaller ones with similar control plane behavior: For every stable routing solution in the large, original network, there exists a corresponding solution in the compressed network, and vice versa. Our compression algorithm preserves a wide variety of network properties including reachability, loop freedom, and path length. Consequently, operators may speed up network analysis, based on simulation, emulation, or verification, by analyzing only the compressed network. Our approach is based on a new theory of control plane equivalence. We implement these ideas in a tool called Bonsai and apply it to real and synthetic networks. Bonsai can shrink real networks by over a factor of 5 and speed up analysis by several orders of magnitude.
Microsystems for Three Axis Active Fiber Alignment (1998)

This paper reports the development of novel microsystems capable of three-axis active in-package alignment of fiber optic and micro-optic components with submicron tolerances. Three competing designs have been successfully fabricated and tested. These devices are batch fabricated using a combination of silicon micromachining and LIGA. A novel thermal in-plane actuation mechanism has been developed and used to generate high force and large displacement. High force is necessary to overcome friction, fiber bending, counter force springs, and wire bonds. Displacements exceeding 20 microns have been demonstrated in all three axes in an in-package configuration. Devices were subjected to over lO million cycles of operation and showed no failure or fatigue.
Multiomic Characterization of Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Reveals Distinct Genetic and Immunologic Features of Recurrent Disease (2021)

Abstract Background Recurrence after surgery for early-stage lung cancer is common, occurring between 30-50% of the time. Despite the popularization of prognostic gene signatures in early-stage lung cancer that allow us to better predict which patients may recur, why patients recur after surgery remains unclear. Methods Using a large cohort of lung adenocarcinoma patients with complete genetic, genomic, epigenetic and clinical profiling, a recurrence classifier was developed which identifies patients at highest risk of recurrence. The genetic, genomic, and epigenetic profiles of stage I patients with low-vs. high-risk of recurrence were compared. To characterize the tumor immune microenvironment of recurrent stage I tumors, single cell RNA-seq was performed on fresh tissue samples undergoing lung adenocarcinoma resection at UCSF to identify unique immune population markers and applied to the large stage I lung adenocarcinoma cohort using digital cytometry. Results Recurrence high-risk stage I lung adenocarcinomas demonstrated a higher mutation burden than low-risk tumors, however, none of the known canonical lung cancer driver mutations were more prevalent in high-risk tumors. Transcriptomic analysis revealed widespread activation of known cancer and cell cycle pathways with simultaneous downregulation of immune response pathways including antigen presentation and Th1/Th2 activation. Tumors at high-risk of recurrence displayed depleted adaptive immune populations, and depletion of adaptive immune populations was independently prognostic of recurrence in stage I lung adenocarcinomas. Conclusion Recurrent stage I lung adenocarcinomas display distinct features of genomic and genetic instability including increased tumor mutation burden, neoantigen load, activation of numerous mitotic and cell cycle genes, and decreased genome-wide methylation burden. Relative depletion of infiltrating adaptive immune populations may allow these tumors to escape immunosurveillance and recur after surgery.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main‐Group Elements and Transition‐Metals. Part 100 (Section 2). Methyltrioxorhenium as a Catalyst for Olefin Oxidation. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lenalidomide Maintenance and Measurable Residual Disease in a Real-World Multiple Myeloma Transplanted Population Receiving Different Treatment Strategies Guided by Access to Novel Drugs in Brazil (2023)

Despite recent advances in multiple myeloma (MM), the incorporation of novel agents and measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring in low-income countries remains a challenge. Although lenalidomide maintenance (M-Len) after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been associated with improved outcomes and MRD has refined the prognosis of complete response (CR) cases, until now, there have been no data on the benefits of these approaches in Latin America. Here, we evaluate the benefits of M-Len and MRD using next-generation flow cytometry (NGF-MRD) at Day + 100 post-ASCT (<i>n</i> = 53). After ASCT, responses were evaluated based on the International Myeloma Working Group criteria and NGF-MRD. MRD was positive in 60% of patients with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 31 months vs. not reached (NR) for MRD-negative cases (<i>p</i> = 0.05). The patients who received M-Len continuously had a significantly better PFS and overall survival (OS) than those without M-Len (median PFS: NR vs. 29 months, <i>p</i> = 0.007), with progression in 11% vs. 54% of cases after a median follow-up of 34 months, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, MRD status and M-Len therapy emerged as independent predictors of PFS (median PFS of M-Len/MRD<sup>-</sup> vs. no M-Len/MRD<sup>+</sup> of NR vs. 35 months, respectively; <i>p</i> = 0.01). In summary, M-Len was associated with improved survival outcomes in our real-world MM cohort in Brazil, with MRD emerging as a useful reproducible tool to identify patients at an earlier risk of relapse. The inequity in drug access remains a hurdle in countries with financial constraints, with a negative impact on MM survival.
ChemInform Abstract: Stannylcupration of γ‐Heterosubstituted Acetylenic Esters: A New Route to 4‐Stannylated Five Membered N‐ and O‐Heterocycles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
&#8220;HandyTrak&#8221;: an innovative percutaneous tracheostomy creating device (2016)

Evaluation of a cricothyroidotomy simulator for teaching extreme surgical airway management with and without ultrasound.Worthing Hospital, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dept of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, WorthingBackground and Goal of study: NAP 4 showed that Anaesthetists surgical airway(SA) skills were poor and this was addressed by increased training via simulation. It became apparent that there were no models available in conditions where SA is most urgently needed, conditions like burns, anaphylaxis and angioneurotic oedema, where ultrasound(US) use has been suggested. A cost effective high fidelity model was developed for extreme SA so we decided to evaluate it to see if it could fill the gap in currently available training.1Materials and Methods: We evaluated a cricothyroidotomy simulator modified to replicate soft tissue neck swelling by adding an ADAMgel (Aqueous Dietary fibre Antifreeze Mix gel) layer, as a training tool using an established questionnaire for validating SA models. 12 anaesthetists with simple SA training (3 consultants, 3 associate specialists, 3 senior and 3 junior trainees) performed surgical cricothyroidotomies without and with US guidance following a sonoanatomy demonstration in normal neck anatomy.(Fig. 1)Results and Discussion: 12 participants enrolled in this study and all completed questionnaires for both airway scenarios. The results were universally positive.(Fig. 2) All participants felt this model was particularly useful in training more junior clinicians before they u2018practisedu2019 on patients. Most participants reported increased confidence with equipment and performing the procedure on patients and felt it resembled real life.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the utility of this extreme surgical airway model with and without US. It would lead to an increase in confidence and competence despite previous lack of exposure to these difficult and potentially life-threatening situations.ReferencesWillers J, Roberts A, Staniforth M, et al. Ultrasound assisted extreme surgical airway simulation. BMJ STEL. 2015;1:Suppl 2 A28.
Comparison of Microwave and Conventional Sintering of LHA Ceramics and Functionally Graded Alumina-LHA Ceramics (2010)

The low thermal conductivity of Lanthanum hexaaluminate, abbreviated as LHA, combined with high structural reliability of alumina matrix ceramics attracted our attention to develop a new functionally graded layered LHA-Al2O3-composite, with a LHA and a porosity gradient along the thickness of a bulk oxide ceramic. LHA is formed by in–situ reaction during sintering of the alumina/LHA composite. The high sintering temperature required for completion of LHA formation in LHA-rich layers causes grain growth and a degradation of mechanical strength in alumina-rich layers. Therefore, microwave hybrid heating was investigated as a method to enhance the reaction rate without excessive grain growth. Comparison of conventionally and microwave assisted sintered homogenous composite ceramics with 20–80 volume percent LHA showed that utilization of microwave heating could enhance the solid–state reaction and densification in samples containing more than 20 volume percent LHA. Enhanced microwave absorption in LHA rich layers assisted the sintering of a functionally graded composite at lower temperatures, enabling LHA formation without any abnormal grain growth in alumina rich layers.
Signaling-competent receptor chimeras allow mapping of major insulin receptor binding domain determinants. (1993)

Chimeric receptors were generated in which structurally defined subdomains of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1R) alpha-subunits were exchanged between their respective receptor backbone structures. Upon expression in human fibroblasts, nine IR/IGF-1R chimeras were transported to the cell surface, where they formed binding sites with differential properties. One IGF-1R/IR chimera (C3') exhibited to some extent high insulin specificity, demonstrating the presence of major insulin binding determinants within the amino acid 325-524 region of the IR alpha-subunit. Complementation of this region with subdomain 1 (amino acids 1-137) reconstituted full insulin binding potential within an IGF-1R framework. In addition, both the IGF-1R/IR C3' chimera and another chimera (C13') displayed high affinity binding properties for IGF-1, which suggests distinct locations for major insulin and IGF-1 binding determinants in their respective receptors, in agreement with our previous findings (Schumacher, R., Mosthaf, L., Schlessinger, J., Brandenburg, D., and Ullrich, A. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19288-19295). The binding characteristics of all receptor chimeras correlated directly with the ability of the ligands to regulate their tyrosine kinase activity in intact cells. These results demonstrate direct coupling of ligand binding affinity and capacity for tyrosine kinase activation.
Microscopy (2013)

This chapter includes a review of the recent literature on polymer microscopy. It includes the basic principles and current challenges of the techniques, as well as the experimental aspects of sample preparation and observation. First, the chapter presents some of the most recent applications of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and allied techniques to polymer materials compiled from 2000 to the present. The focus is on nonconventional techniques such as electron holography, in situ TEM, scanning TEM (STEM), EELS, wet-STEM, cryogenic TEM (cryo-TEM), Zcontrast, high angle annular dark field (HAADF)-STEM, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and low and high voltage TEM. The chapter also includes a very detailed section devoted to three-dimensional (3D) imaging. Obtaining 3D images involves specialized microscopes or attachments as well as additional image processing and 3D-rendering algorithms.
Abstract 263: Loss of the RNA-binding Protein ZFP36L2 Results in Peri-partum Cardiomyopathy Through Dysregulation of the P53-mTOR Pathway (2020)

Introduction: A loss of function mutation in the mRNA binding protein ZFP36L2 has been associated with congenital heart diseases in humans, although the mechanism remains unclear. Objectives: We sought to elucidate the role of ZFP36L2 in the heart using mice with cardiac-specific ZFP36L2 deletion. Results: Cardiac-specific Zfp36l2 knockout (cs-L2KO) female mice exhibit a dramatic phenotype in which the majority of mice die after repeated pregnancies due to heart failure. We performed RNA-seq in H9c2 cells with ZFP36L2 KD, and found the expression of multiple mTOR pathway genes were altered, including marked repression of Redd1 and Sesn2 . Consistent with the RNA-seq data, the activity of mTORC1 was increased in cs-L2KO mouse hearts and in ZFP36L2 KD H9c2 cells. Loss of TSC2 mitigated mTORC1 hyperactivity in ZFP36L2 KD cells, indicating that ZFP36L2 regulates mTORC1 activity through the TSC2 complex. Overexpression of REDD1 rescued increased mTORC1 activity with ZFP36L2 KD, suggesting that ZFP36L2 regulates mTORC1, in-part through REDD1. Under total amino acid starvation, we observed higher p-S6K T389 levels in ZFP36L2 KD cells, and SESN2 overexpression mitigated p-S6K T389 , indicating loss of ZFP36L2 also regulates mTORC1 through amino acid sensing. p53 is a transcriptional activator of both REDD1 and SESN2, and we found that ZFP36L2 was required to maintain p53 levels by directly destabilizing MDM2 mRNA. Accordingly, administration of Nutlin3, an MDM2 inhibitor, reversed the reduction in p53, REDD1 and SESN2 protein levels, and prevented the increase in S6K phosphorylation in response to ZFP36L2 KD. Next, we treated pregnant mice with rapamycin, and cs-L2KO mice treated with rapamycin displayed significantly improved cardiac function after delivery. Finally, we analyzed human heart samples from patients with peri-partum cardiomyopathy and found ZFP36L2 protein to be significantly decreased and p-S6K T389 levels increased, compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate that ZFP36L2 regulates mTORC1 activity through modifying p53 stability, and that the disruption of this pathway induces peri-partum cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of mTORC1 hyperactivity with rapamycin can be a potential therapy for this disease.
Selective binding of a toxin and phosphatidylinositides to a mammalian potassium channel (2019)

G-protein-gated inward rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) require G<sub>βγ</sub> subunits and phosphorylated phosphatidylinositides (PIPs) for gating. Although studies have provided insight into these interactions, the mechanism of how these events are modulated by G<sub>βγ</sub> and the binding affinity between PIPs and GIRKs remains poorly understood. Here, native ion mobility mass spectrometry is employed to directly monitor small molecule binding events to mouse GIRK2. GIRK2 binds the toxin tertiapin Q and PIPs selectively and with significantly higher affinity than other phospholipids. A mutation in GIRK2 that causes a rotation in the cytoplasmic domain, similarly to G<sub>βγ</sub>-binding to the wild-type channel, revealed differences in the selectivity towards PIPs. More specifically, PIP isoforms known to weakly activate GIRKs have decreased binding affinity. Taken together, our results reveal selective small molecule binding and uncover a mechanism by which rotation of the cytoplasmic domain can modulate GIRK•PIP interactions.
Adaptive Control System for Smart Dynamic Casting - Defining Fabrication-Informed Design Tools and Process Parameters in Digital Fabrication Processes (2018)

This paper describes the process control system and the fabrication-informed design tool developed for Smart Dynamic Casting (SDC) - the innovative technique that merges the process of slipforming with robotic fabrication technologies to enable greater geometrical freedom in the production of architectural components made of concrete. The paper focuses on the process parameters that characterizes the production workflow and it outlines the system-specific geometry rationalization algorithm developed for the definition of feasible geometries. Furthermore, the paper introduces the first application of the SDC design tool within the architectural context of the DFAB HOUSE, a building project realized entirely by robotic and digital technologies.
Using MIMO feedback control to enforce policies for interrelated metrics with application to the Apache Web server (2003)

Policy-based management provides a means for IT systems to operate according to business needs. Unfortunately, there is often an "impedance mismatch" between the policies administrators want and the controls they are given. Consider the Apache Web server. Administrators want to control CPU and memory utilizations, but this must be done indirectly by manipulating tuning parameters such as MaxClients and KeepAlive. There has been much interest in using feedback control to bridge the impedance mismatch. However, these efforts have focused on a single metric that is manipulated by a single control and hence have not considered interactions between controls such as those that are common in computing systems. This paper shows how multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) control theory can be used to enforce policies for interrelated metrics. MIMO is used both to model the target system, Apache in our case, and to design feedback controllers. The MIMO model captures the interactions between KA and MC, and can be used to identify infeasible metric policies. In addition, MIMO control techniques can provide considerable benefit in handling trade-offs between speed of metric convergence and sensitivity to random fluctuations while enforcing the desired policies.
The Mechanical and Cytoskeletal Basis of Lung Morphogenesis (2004)

The development of complex tissues with characteristic three-dimensional (3D) morphology is made possible through tight temporal and spatial coordination of cell proliferation. This occurs within an embryonic environment ﬁlled with various types of soluble growth factors and insoluble extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, in addition to being mechanically active. For example, formation of branching epithelium in the lung (1) and many other tissues (2) is driven by local diﬀerentials in cell growth that promote outward tissue expansion (i.e., epithelial bud formation) relative to neighboring quiescent regions of the same tissue. Localized production of growth factors may promote directional branching in the developing lung by inﬂuencing the general site where new branches will form (3). However, the sharp growth diﬀerentials responsible for tissue patterning often have abrupt boundaries, with growth being activated in an all-or-none manner within neighboring groups of cells only separated by a few micrometers. Moreover, normal branchingmorphogenesis in the lung requires the presence of ECMas well as growth factors (4). Gradients of soluble mitogens alone therefore cannot account for how these critical growth diﬀerentials are established.