gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Design of a 500 MWe Traveling Wave Demonstration Reactor Plant (2011)

The conceptual design of a 1200 MW thermal, 500 MW electrical, Traveling Wave Reactor (TWR) Plant has been completed with the objective of completing construction and startup by 2020. The reactor is a pool-type, sodium-cooled fast reactor and has been named TerraPower - 1 (TP-1). The TP-1 core will operate for over 40 years without refueling, but provisions have been made to insert highly instrumented test fuel and materials assemblies and to remove them for post irradiation examination and testing. These test assemblies will provide the bases for validating fuel design for future generations of TWRs. The fuel design is supported by an extensive materials and fuel development program. TP-1 uses proven technologies for most of the plant with a few notable exceptions. The fuel pins are designed to vent fission product gases to the primary sodium coolant in a controlled manner. Venting the fuel pins enables deep burnups required to sustain the core for over 40 years and greatly reduces the probability of cladding failures. Detailed studies have shown that the only significant impacts on the primary coolant and reactor operation are the fission product noble gases and Cs137. The noble gases decay, except for Kr85m, which is collected on carbon beds and stored in shielded vessels. Cs137 is removed from the primary coolant by reticulated carbon traps at a rate that prevents build up and keeps the primary coolant activity levels similar to fast reactors with unvented fuel. The intermediate heat exchanger is another area of innovation using printed circuit, plate-type modules that form a compact, robust safety barrier between the primary and intermediate coolants, while maintaining very high thermal-hydraulic efficiency. Thermal efficiency is also enhanced by the use of compact helical coil steam generators that yield a gross electrical conversion efficiency of 42%. The seismically qualified active decay heat removal system is backed up by an independent, passive system using natural convection of ambient air to ensure decay heat removal even under station blackout conditions. Preliminary safety studies have confirmed satisfactory decay heat removal and acceptable reactivity coefficients. Initial identification of design basis and beyond design basis events has been completed. A level 1 Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) is underway such that designers are informed of probability sequences that can benefit from design changes. An extensive external review of the TP-1 Plant conceptual design has been completed and the initial Technical Baseline of the TP-1 Plant is being established. It is anticipated that preliminary and final design can be completed in about three years which would enable licensing efforts to progress to the point that a construction decision could be made. A successful 2020 startup and demonstration of TWR technology will give energy planners a sustainable nuclear power option that does not require reprocessing, reduces proliferation risk and opens the door for further longer term innovation.
The Purification and Properties of Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Synthase (1976)

Glycogen synthase a was purified over 500-fold by a procedure which involved solubilisation of the enzyme from a protein-glycogen complex by the action of endogenous phosphorylase and debranching enzyme, followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and either gel filtration on Sepharose 4B or fractionation with polyethylene glycol. 15 mg of protein could be obtained from 1000 g of muscle in five days, corresponding to a yield of 20%. The purity was over 90% as judged by gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. The amino acid composition was determined and the absorption coefficient, A1%280 NM, measured refractiometrically was 13.4. Glycogen synthase a sedimented as two major components, both of which were enzymatically active. The smaller species (13.3 S) comprised 85% and the larger species (19.OS) 15% of the material. The molecular weight of the 13.3-S component was determined to be 377000 by high-speed sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. The subunit molecular weight measured by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate was 88 000 indicating that the 13.3-S species is a tetramer. The properties of the enzyme are compared to those obtained by other workers.
Incoherent digital holography for biomedical imaging (2018)

Incoherent self-interference digital holography can be used for several applications, among which are high resolution fluorescence microscopy and imaging through a scattering medium. Systems in which both interfering beams originate from the same observed objects are considered as self-interference hologram recorders. Furthermore, the hologram recorders reviewed in this presentation are configured in a setup of a single channel optical system. In this presentation we describe the evolution of a well-known method of incoherent digital holography, the Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH). Following the review of FINCH, other recently developed self-reference single-channel incoherent hologram recorders, branched out from FINCH, are discussed and several biomedical-related applications are described.
The cocrystal 10-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-inden-6-yl)-10H-phenothiazine–10-(2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-inden-5-yl)-10H-phenothiazine (0.54/0.46) (2008)

The title compound, 0.535C(28)H(21)NS.0.465C(28)H(21)NS, was synthesized by palladium-catalysed amination. The structure is composed of two isomeric mol-ecules, viz. 10-(2-methyl-4-phenyl-1H-inden-6-yl)-10H-phenothia-zine, and 10-(2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-inden-5-yl)-10H-phenothia-zine, in the refined ratio 0.535 (12):0.465 (12). The isomers differ by the localization of the double bond in the cyclo-penta-diene ring. There are two sites in the structure that are occupied by the isomers. The respective isomers are occupationally disordered in each site, the refined proportions being 0.640 (6):0.360 (6) and 0.43 (1):0.57 (1). Moreover, each isomeric mol-ecule is chiral; due to the crystallographic centres of symmetry, the mol-ecules are also present in enanti-omeric pairs. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak π-π [C⋯C = 3.389 (2) Å] inter-actions.
The Nature of the S&P DTI Returns (2012)

The Standard & Poor's Diversified Trends Indicator (S&P DTI) is an investable trading methodology that attempts to reflect, and thereby measure, the approximate extent of trends covering an aggregate composite of futures. Those futures are then formed into sectors on a variety of global currencies, financials, and commodities. The S&P DTI is an indicator that reflects the extent of trends, not prices. The S&P DTI is capable of appreciating in value regardless of whether prices are moving up or down, but not if they are moving sideways. Therefore, the Moving Average (MA) is arbitrarily selected to determine each sector's approximate trend, based on its percent change being above or below the MA within the S&P DTI. However, the particular MA used is not optimized, or curve-fitted, and not important to the results; switching to a different MA would change the specific profitability, but not the overall function as an indicator. Its influence is only to the degree of the returns, more or less, depending on the environment being analyzed.
Dynamically wavelength-switching, gain-equal, and high-SNR fiber Bragg grating ring lasers (1998)

Summary form only given. We demonstrate equal-power, dual-wavelength, and dynamically wavelength-switching fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ring lasers. Multiwavelength operation with equal power was also proposed and theoretically discussed in our study. We show the proposed multiwavelength, power-equalized ring-laser configuration.
Dipole-stabilized carbanions from thioesters. Evidence for stabilization by the carbonyl group (1978)

Reactions are reported which establish that metalation can occur a to the sulfur of methyl and ethyl thioesters to give synthetically useful species. The methyl thiobenzoates 4a, 4b, 4c, and methyl thiopivalate (4d) react with lithium 2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP) in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature to give the corresponding dibenzoylmethanes, 5a, 5b, Sc, and dipivaloylmethane (5d), respectively, in yields of 60-80%. Ethyl thiobenzoate (6) on reaction with LiTMP gives 23% methyldibenzoylmethane (7) at ambient temperature and 22% 2-thiobenzoylpropiophenone (8) at -98 'C. A double labeling experiment with 6 and 6-dlo gives 8 and 16 consistent with the intermediacy of the dipole-stabilized species 12 and inconsistent with formation of the homoenolate 15. Accordingly, the conversions of 4a-d and 6 to the 0-diketones are considered to proceed as shown in Scheme I. The isomerization of the vinylogous thioester 23 to 3-thia-tert-butylindanone( 24) in 43% yield is suggested to involve the metalated intermediate 25. Stable a-lithioalkyl thioesters, represented by 31, are produced by metalation of methyl 2,4,6-triethylthiobenzoate( 27b) and ethyl 2,4,6-triethylthiobenzoate( 28) with butyllithiums at -78 and -98 'C. Reactions of the dipole-stabilized carbanions from 27b and 28 with alkyl halides and with carbonyl compounds provide the expected adducts 32. Conversions of some of these adducts to a primary thiol, a secondary thiol, a 2,3-disubstituted thiirane, and an olefin illustrate the synthetic potential of 31. Evidence that the carbonyl group of the thioester provides significant thermodynamic stabilization for the formal carbanion 36 is provided by the observation that methyl 2,4,6-triisopropylthiobenzoate is completely metalated by thiomethylmethyllithium.
Modeling, simulation, and visualization of three-dimensional lung dynamics (2006)

Medical simulation has facilitated the understanding of complex biological phenomenon through its inherent explanatory power. It is a critical component for planning clinical interventions and analyzing its effect on a human subject. The success of medical simulation is evidenced by the fact that over one third of all medical schools in the United States augment their teaching curricula using patient simulators. Medical simulators present combat medics and emergency providers with video-based descriptions of patient symptoms along with step-by-step instructions on clinical procedures that alleviate the patient's condition. Recent advances in clinical imaging technology have led to an effective medical visualization by coupling medical simulations with patient-specific anatomical models and their physically and physiologically realistic organ deformation. 
3D physically-based deformable lung models obtained from a human subject are tools for representing regional lung structure and function analysis. Static imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Chest x-rays, and Computed Tomography (CT) are conventionally used to estimate the extent of pulmonary disease and to establish available courses for clinical intervention. The predictive accuracy and evaluative strength of the static imaging techniques may be augmented by improved computer technologies and graphical rendering techniques that can transform these static images into dynamic representations of subject specific organ deformations. By creating physically based 3D simulation and visualization, 3D deformable models obtained from subject-specific lung images will better represent lung structure and function. Variations in overall lung deformations may indicate tissue pathologies, thus 3D visualization of functioning lungs may also provide a visual tool to current diagnostic methods. 
The framework presented here is part of several research efforts at ODALab for developing an AR based medical visualization framework. The framework consists of 3 components, (i) modeling the Pressure-Volume (PV) relation, (ii) modeling the lung deformation using a Green's function based deformation operator, and (iii) optimizing the deformation using state-of-art Graphics Processing Units (GPU). The validation of the results obtained in the first two modeling steps is also discussed for normal human subjects. Disease states such as Pneumothorax and lung tumors are modeled using the proposed deformation method. Additionally, a method to synchronize the instantiations of the deformation across a network is also discussed. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Read disturb and device failure studies in TiO<inf>2</inf>-based resistive switches (2015)

Bipolar resistive switching in oxide-based devices (metal/oxide/metal (MIM)) has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its potential application in next generation nonvolatile memory technology. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1,2]</sup> These devices exhibit two non-volatile resistance states, and switching between them can be accomplished by application of electrical pulses with opposite polarities. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[3]</sup> The low resistance ON state is attributed to the formation of a conductive path that connects both electrodes. The high resistance state corresponds to a rupture of this path, forming a high resistance gap. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[4]</sup> Although extensive research has been conducted to understand the nature of resistive switching and improve the device functionalities, there are still unresolved issues such as read disturb and device failure mechanisms. Here, we adopt an in situ biasing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique to report microstructural changes that occur when the device experiences low-bias, akin to read disturb and its subsequent evolution using a model TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based resistive switch. We also studied microstructural changes occurring during resistive switching and confirm the device is switchable inside of the TEM column.
Photochemistry of N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione Derivatives: Involvement of the 2-Pyridylthiyl Radical in the Radical Chain Reaction Mechanism (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of N-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione Derivatives: Involvement of the 2-Pyridylthiyl Radical in the Radical Chain Reaction MechanismBeatrice M. Aveline, Irene E. Kochevar, and Robert W. RedmondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 38, 9699–9708Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00143a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00143a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views839Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extreme Points in Duals of Complex Operator Spaces (1985)

We show that if $X$ and $Y$ are complex Banach spaces, and $K(X,Y)$ is the space of compact linear operators from $X$ into $Y$, then $\operatorname {ext}B(K{(X,Y)^ * }) = \operatorname {ext}B({X^{ * * }}) \otimes \operatorname {ext}B({Y^ * })$.
C231 Instability of Concentration Field at Gas-liquid Surface in the Process of Carbon Dioxide Absorption (2007)

A study on the visualization of the absorption process in the vicinity of the gas-liquid interface was performed. The system in which CO_2 was absorbed into amine solvents and diffused toward the interior of liquid phase was visualized. The interferogram pattern obtained by phase shifting interferometer showed that the increasing of concentration field instability in liquid phase was observed as time advanced or pressure of the gas phase was increased. This was caused by the density increase of the amine absorbing CO_2 and the liquid was affected by the negative buoyant force which generated natural convection locally. Therefore, pseudo diffusion coefficient in this system was determined larger than that of the molecular diffusion system. It was considered that the self-generated instability enhanced the mass transfer of CO_2 in the vicinity of interface and liquid phase.
Cloning and Expression of a Smooth Muscle Caldesmon (1989)

Caldesmon is a smooth muscle and nonmuscle regulatory protein that interacts with actin, myosin, tropomyosin, and calmodulin. Two overlapping clones, isolated from a chicken oviduct cDNA plasmid library and a chicken gizzard cDNA lambda NM1149 library, were used to generate a 4108-base pair sequence coding for one caldesmon. Expression of the coding sequence confirms this is one of the large smooth muscle caldesmons. The deduced protein molecular weight is 86.974, significantly less than the molecular weights estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The protein has a high content of Gly, Lys, Arg, and Ala; there are two cysteine residues, one at either end of the molecule. Comparison with the Protein Identification Resource database demonstrates a similarity with a tropomyosin binding domain of troponin T, but none with any calmodulin or actin binding proteins. The center of the protein has an 8-fold repeat of a 13 amino acid sequence whose general motif is -Glu3-(Lys/Arg)2-Ala2-Glu2-(Lys/Arg)1-X-(Lys/Arg)1-Ala1-, where X is Glu, Gln, or Ala. Comparison with peptide sequences from a chymotryptic fragment that binds actin and calmodulin places this domain on the C terminus of caldesmon adjacent to the troponin T similarity. A tentative map of the major binding domains is proposed on the basis of available data.
Ultralow temperature cryoablation: Safety and efficacy of preclinical atrial and ventricular lesions (2021)

ULTC created effective and efficient atrial and ventricular lesions in vivo without procedural complications in two large animal models. ULTC lesions were transmural, contiguous, and durable over 3 months.
Preventing Coronary Restenosis and Complications (1997)

Interventions aimed at opening occluded coronary arteries continue to evolve. Two fundamental problems that limit the clinical efficacy of coronary interventions are restenosis after coronary angioplasty or atherectomy,13 reported since the early days of interventional cardiology, and acute complications from the intervention, such as coronary-artery dissection, acute or threatened vessel closure, and distal embolization.4,5 Both problems are the result of injury to the arterial wall. Attempts at solving these problems have involved the development of new devices and drugs. Two of the most promising solutions are described in this issue of the Journal.6,7 Preventing RestenosisDespite . . .
Untersuchungen zur Totalsynthese der Saponaceolide: Synthese voncis-2,4-disubstituierten 3,3-Dimethylmethylencyclohexanen (1999)

Diastereoselektivitätskontrolle durch Metallkoordination: Bei 3,3-Dimethylmethylencyclohexanen 2 – ein in vielen interessanten Naturstoffen vorkommendes Strukturmotiv – lassen sich die thermodynamisch weniger stabilen cis-2,4-disubstituierten Verbindungen durch eine Cyclisierung herstellen, bei der die Konfiguration im Carbopalladierungsschritt festgelegt wird. Sowohl die Cycloisomerisierung von 1,7-Eninen 1 als auch die intramolekulare Heck-Reaktion von Verbindungen des Typs 3 machen das cis-Produkt als Hauptprodukt zugänglich.
Further results on high-rate MIMO-OFDM underwater acoustic communications (2008)

MIMO-OFDM is one viable solution for high data rate transmissions over underwater acoustic channels. Our previous work has reported experimental results for MIMO-OFDM with two transmitters and QPSK modulation. In this paper, we deal with MIMO-OFDM with more transmitters and higher order modulation. With data collected from the RACE experiment at Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, March 2008, we report MIMO-OFDM performance results of QPSK/8-QAM/16-QAM/64-QAM modulations with two transmitters, QPSK/8-QAM/16-QAM modulations with three transmitters, and QPSK/8-QAM modulations with four transmitters. With large constellations and MIMO spatial multiplexing, very high data rates can be achieved, e.g., a spectral efficiency of 3.5 bits/sec/Hz is approached in three different configurations.
Spring wheat cultivars that differ in competitive ability (1997)

The objective of this research was to determine whether spring wheat varieties differ in their ability to compete against weeds. Specifically, we wanted to determine whether the competitive ability rankings of cultivars obtained by using model weeds translate into cultivar differences under field conditions with “real” weeds. The ultimate long-term goal is to use information from this study to identify cultivars, experimental wheat lines and possibly, breeding populations that are better suited for production in systems that are less reliant on pesticides for weed control (e.g., organic conditions).
Intelligent Agent-Based Environment to Coordinate Maintenance Schedule Discussions (2009)

Maintenance decisions in electricity markets are one of the most important strategic conflicts among power players. A generation company, for instance, is responsible for its assets but it is the Transmission System Operator’s task to schedule the most suitable period for maintenance, preserving system reliability. This relationship is sometimes conflicting and can be seen as an obstacle to the maximization of profits of generation companies, as well as to the transmission system operator, since it is mandatory to keep the adequate risk-based level on overall system. In this paper, the attention is focused on this relationship. Moreover, it highlights the proposal of building a dedicated environment in order to improve and clarify the discussions about maintenance outage schedule for large equipments, using the agent-based technology. In order to illustrate the proposal, results with the IEEE-RTS are presented.