gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Sharp and Accurate Occlusion Boundaries in Monocular Depth Estimation Using Displacement Fields (2020)

Current methods for depth map prediction from monocular images tend to predict smooth, poorly localized contours for the occlusion boundaries in the input image. This is unfortunate as occlusion boundaries are important cues to recognize objects, and as we show, may lead to a way to discover new objects from scene reconstruction. To improve predicted depth maps, recent methods rely on various forms of filtering or predict an additive residual depth map to refine a first estimate. We instead learn to predict, given a depth map predicted by some reconstruction method, a 2D displacement field able to re-sample pixels around the occlusion boundaries into sharper reconstructions. Our method can be applied to the output of any depth estimation method, in an end-to-end trainable fashion. For evaluation, we manually annotated the occlusion boundaries in all the images in the test split of popular NYUv2-Depth dataset. We show that our approach improves the localization of occlusion boundaries for all state-of-the-art monocular depth estimation methods that we could evaluate, without degrading the depth accuracy for the rest of the images.
Fabrication of transparent p–n heterojunction thin film diodes based entirely on oxide semiconductors (1999)

All oxide-based, transparent polycrystalline p–n heterojunctions on a glass substrate were fabricated. The structure of the diode was n+-ZnO electrode/n-ZnO/p-SrCu2O2/In2−xSnxO3 electrode on the substrate. The contact between the n- and p-type semiconducting oxides was found to be rectifying. The ratio of forward current to the reverse current exceeded 80 within the range of applied voltages of −1.5 to +1.5 V and the estimated diode factor (n value) was 1.62. The diode structure was fabricated on a glass plate with the total thickness of 1.3 μm and possessed an optical transmission of 70%–80% in the visible region.
African swine fever virus gene j13L encodes a 25-27 kDa virion protein with variable numbers of amino acid repeats (1995)

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) j13L gene encodes a 177 amino acid protein (19.0 kDa) with a putative transmembrane domain between residues 32 and 52. There is a potential signal peptide cleavage site at residue 54 and several possible motifs for phosphorylation and myristylation. Rabbit antisera raised against a synthetic peptide from the C terminus of the j13L ORF identified proteins of 25-27 kDa in cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the j13L ORF, in ASFV-infected cells and in purified extracellular ASF virions. In ASFV-infected cells the j13L protein was expressed late during infection and exhibited size variation (25-27 kDa) between the different ASFV strains. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene in these strains showed that these size differences were due to variation in the number and sequence of tandemly repeated amino acid repeats. Although ASFV-infected animals made antibodies to the j13L protein, no protection was observed when pigs were vaccinated with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the j13L ORF.
Soft Electrically Actuated Quadruped (SEAQ)—Integrating a Flex Circuit Board and Elastomeric Limbs for Versatile Mobility (2019)

Like their natural mammalian and reptilian counterparts, legged soft robots require robust walking dynamics and untethered functionality in order to swiftly maneuver through unstructured environments. Progress in this domain requires careful selection of soft limb actuators and integration of power and control electronics into a soft robotics platform capable of biologically relevant locomotion speeds without dependency on external hardware. We demonstrate this with an untethered soft palm-sized, 25 g soft electrically actuated quadruped, which is capable of crawling at a maximum speed of 0.56 body length per second (3.2 cm/s), and making 90° turns in two complete gait cycles (~5 s). The robot is composed of a flexible printed circuit board and electrically powered soft limbs that contain shape memory alloy (SMA) wires inserted between pre-stretched layers of a soft, thermally conductive elastomer. Its versatile mobility and robust dynamics are demonstrated by its ability to walk on a variety of surfaces-including inclines, rocky, and granular surfaces, and steps that are over half the robot height-and maintain continuous forward locomotion through confined space or after being dropped from an elevated height. In addition to these locomotion studies, we perform an experimental study on the blocking force of a single actuator to provide independent support for the feasibility of untethered soft robot walking with SMA-based actuation.
Silicon-on-Nitride Waveguide With Ultralow Dispersion Over an Octave-Spanning Mid-Infrared Wavelength Range (2011)

The proposed silicon-on-nitride (SON) waveguide exhibits an ultrabroadband (4200 nm), low chromatic dispersion in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength region from 2430 to 6630 nm. It has two zero-dispersion wavelengths within the span. Even at 6 , the nonlinear coefficients of the SON waveguides are still comparable with the ones of integrated waveguides around 1550 nm, which are widely used for octave-spanning nonlinear process. This enables a potential nonlinear optical platform for broadband signal processing across the over-one-octave MIR bandwidth.
System-level analysis of soft error rates and mitigation trade-off explorations (2010)

This paper presents a novel system-level analysis of soft error rates (SER) based on the Transaction Level Model (TLM) of a targeted System-On-a-Chip (SoC). This analysis runs 1000x faster than the conventional SoC analysis using a gate-level model. Moreover, it allows accurate prediction in the early design phase of a SoC, when only limited application details are available. Preliminary validation results from accelerated SER tests on the physical system have shown that the analysis can predict the SER with a reasonable accuracy (within 5x of the results from tests on physical systems). This system-level analysis is particularly suitable to handle the black-box models for industrial semiconductor IP libraries. Based on this system-level analysis, we also propose a SE mitigation solution using selective protection of SRAM of a SoC. This solution provides a series of trade-offs between the system dependability and cost (in terms of silicon area).
The Boratacyclooctatetraene Ligand: An Isoelectronic Trianionic Analogue of the Cyclooctatetraene Dianion (2003)

Expanding the ring: Acetylene inserts into one of the intracyclic BC bonds of [(C5H5BMe)2Ti(CO)] (1) to yield [(C7H7BMe)(C5H5BMe)Ti], which contains the formally trianionic methylboratacyclooctatetraene ligand and a boratabenzene ligand. Similarly, the reaction of 1 with trimethylsilylacetylene produces [(2-SiMe3C7H6BMe)(C5H5BMe)Ti] (2), in which the trimethylsilyl group occupies the sterically more encumbering site adjacent to boron (Cα; see picture). The regiochemistry of 2 indicates that the transmetallation step may be viewed as an electrophilic attack of boron on the metal coordinated acetylene ligand.
Sensitivity of human pleural mesothelioma to oncolytic measles virus depends on defects of the type I interferon response (2015)

Attenuated measles virus (MV) is currently being evaluated as an oncolytic virus in clinical trials and could represent a new therapeutic approach for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Herein, we screened the sensitivity to MV infection and replication of twenty-two human MPM cell lines and some healthy primary cells. We show that MV replicates in fifteen of the twenty-two MPM cell lines. Despite overexpression of CD46 by a majority of MPM cell lines compared to healthy cells, we found that the sensitivity to MV replication did not correlate with this overexpression. We then evaluated the antiviral type I interferon (IFN) responses of MPM cell lines and healthy cells. We found that healthy cells and the seven insensitive MPM cell lines developed a type I IFN response in presence of the virus, thereby inhibiting replication. In contrast, eleven of the fifteen sensitive MPM cell lines were unable to develop a complete type I IFN response in presence of MV. Finally, we show that addition of type I IFN onto MV sensitive tumor cell lines inhibits replication. These results demonstrate that defects in type I IFN response are frequent in MPM and that MV takes advantage of these defects to exert oncolytic activity.
A Free-living Panagrolaimus sp. from Armenia Can Survive in Anhydrobiosis for 8.7 Years. (1993)

Although the ability of plant-parasitic nematodes to survive in a dehydrated or anhydrobiotic state for long periods of time has been well documented, the ability of free-living nematodes has not. Here we report on the survival of a free-living nematode, Panagrolaimus sp., from Armenia in the anhydrobiotic state for 8.7 years. This Panagrolaimus sp. can be cultured and maintained readily and may provide a good system for studying anhydrobiosis in nematodes.
Advances in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2021)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent disease with a progression that is modulated by the immune system. Systemic therapy is used in the advanced stage and until 2017 consisted only of antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has shown strong anti-tumour activity in a subset of patients and the combination of the anti-PDL1 antibody atezolizumab and the VEGF-neutralizing antibody bevacizumab has or will soon become the standard of care as a first-line therapy for HCC, whereas the anti-PD1 agents nivolumab and pembrolizumab are used after TKIs in several regions. Other immune strategies such as adoptive T-cell transfer, vaccination or virotherapy have not yet demonstrated consistent clinical activity. Major unmet challenges in HCC checkpoint immunotherapy are the discovery and validation of predictive biomarkers, advancing treatment to earlier stages of the disease, applying the treatment to patients with liver dysfunction and the discovery of more effective combinatorial or sequential approaches. Combinations with other systemic or local treatments are perceived as the most promising opportunities in HCC and some are already under evaluation in large-scale clinical trials. This Review provides up-to-date information on the best use of currently available immunotherapies in HCC and the therapeutic strategies under development.
A new route to high-T c superconducting Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O thin films: Improved deposition efficiency and film morphology using ammonia–argon mixtures as the carrier gas (1992)

Highly oriented films of the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox have been prepared by a low-pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition process using a mixture of ammonia and argon as the carrier gas together with Sr(dpm)2 (dpm-dipivaloylmethanate), Ca(dpm)2, Cu(acac)2 (acac-acetylacetonate), and triphenylbismuth as the organometallic precursors. By introducing ammonia into the carrier gas, a significant improvement in the volatility and thermal stability of both Sr(dpm)2 and Ca(dpm)2 is observed. Typical required source temperatures for Sr(dpm)2 and Ca(dpm)2 with the introduction of ammonia are about 40–50 °C lower than the source temperatures of the precursors without the introduction of ammonia. Enhancement of source volatility for Cu(acac)2 is also observed. After annealing at 865 °C in flowing oxygen, the films consist predominantly of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox phase and exhibit high preferential orientation of the crystallite c axes perpendicular to the substrate surface. Four-probe resistivity measurements indicate the onset of film superconductivity at ∼110 K and zero resistivity achieved at 74 K.
Organometallic Vapor-Phase Epitaxy of GaAs Using Triethylarsenic as Arsenic Source (1988)

GaAs layers are grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) from trimethylgallium (TMGa) and triethylarsenic (TEAs) source gases under various growth conditions. Mirror-like surfaces are obtained at growth temperatures 560∼780degC and at [TEAs]/[TMGa] ratios 1.3∼7.3. Samples grown at temperatures higher than 670degC exhibit n-type conductivity, while those lower than 600degC exhibit p-type. For n-type samples, the highest Hall mobilities obtained so far are 5270cm 2 /Vs and 12200cm 2 /Vs at 300 K and 77 K, respectively, with the electron concentration of 7.5×10 15 cm -3 . Similar to the conventional GaAs layers grown by various techniques, scattering by ionized impurities and space charges caused by some impurities transported with TEAs seems to degrade electrical properties.
New Frontiers in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Joints (2010)

This edition of Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging contains 6 articles on advances in musculoskeletal imaging. The contributions were chosen to highlight the technical and clinical advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that are rapidly appearing in the clinic as routine practice. We sought to include “hot topics” such as ultrashort echo time MRI, imaging cartilage physiology, and 3-dimensional imaging. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, each of the chapters incorporates substantial contributions from nonradiologist physicists and engineers, some of the many scientists driving the advancement of musculoskeletal MRI. For example, the chapter on new coils for musculoskeletal MRI was written by a collaboration of engineers and radiologists, highlighting the way coils make a big difference in image quality. The chapter on biomechanics is primarily from the viewpoint of a mechanical engineer, supplemented by MRI examples. In short, each of the chapters contains perspectives not often found in purely radiological publications, information along the lines of “what are the coming advances in the field.” One other thread that runs through this edition is the concept of improvements in physics and engineering of MRI that drive new clinical applications as well as the clinical needs that drive development of new MRI techniques. On one hand, MRI now permits excellent depiction of bone and joint disorders, giving clinicians much more detailed diagnoses than in the past. These details have helped refine practical anatomical and clinical knowledge of many of the disorders. Increased clinical expectations then feed back to diagnostic imaging, stimulating an appetite for more detail, more biomechanical insight, and more knowledge of physiology. Musculoskeletal MRI remains an exciting, vibrant, and advancing field integrating imaging physics with clinical and surgical aspects of musculoskeletal disorders.
Design and optimization of an air heating solar collector with integrated phase change material energy storage for use in humidification-dehumidification desalination (2012)

Abstract Compared to solar water heaters, high-temperature solar air heaters have received relatively little investigation and have resulted in few commercial products. However, in the context of a humidification–dehumidification (HD) desalination cycle, air heating offers significant performance gains for the cycle. Heating at a constant temperature and constant heat output is also important for HD cycle performance. The use of built in phase change material (PCM) storage is found to produce consistent air outlet temperatures throughout the day or night. In this study, the PCM has been implemented directly below the absorber plate. Using a two dimensional transient finite element model, it is found that a PCM layer of 8 cm below the absorber plate is sufficient to produce a consistent output temperature close to the PCM melting temperature with a time-averaged collector thermal efficiency of 35%. An experimental energy storage collector with an 8 cm thick PCM layer was built and tested in a variety of weather and operating conditions. Experimental results show strong agreement with model in all cases.
DNA Microarray Expression Analysis in Antibacterial Drug Discovery (2002)

Bacteria have been the workhorses of biochemical, physiological, genetic, and molecular genetic investigations throughout the modern scientific era. In the era of wholegenome sequencing, attention is still focused on bacteria. Because of their relative ease of culture and vast wealth of supporting genetic data, commonly manipulated laboratory strains of bacteria were initially used as model organisms for developing and validating technologies for large-scale DNA sequencing projects, including the shotgun sequencing approach used to complete the human genome sequence. The relatively small genome size of bacteria allows for a rapid progression from initiating the sequencing project to completing annotation of the genome. For comparison, a bacterial species with a smaller genome such as Helicobacter pylori contains 1.66 million basepairs (bp) (1), and a larger bacterial genome such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains 6.30 million bp (2). The human genome measures 2.91 billion bp (3). These smaller genomes, coupled with the importance of bacteria as causative agents of human, animal, and plant diseases, as well as their utility in industrial applications, have contributed to a large international effort yielding publicly available complete genome sequences for more than 40 prokaryotic species to date. The extent of this effort and the relative ease of sequencing bacterial genomes is exemplified in the United States Department of Energy’s Joint Genome Institute’s (JGI) “microbial marathon,” in which 15 bacterial genomes were sequenced in a single month. On a single day—May 9, 2000—the JGI sequenced all 2.1 million bp of the genome of the multiple drug-resistant human pathogen Enterococcus faecium.
Search for a W′ boson decaying to a vector-like quark and a top or bottom quark in the all-jets final state at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV (2022)

A bstract A search is presented for a heavy W′ boson resonance decaying to a B or T vector-like quark and a t or a b quark, respectively. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Both decay channels result in a signature with a t quark, a Higgs or Z boson, and a b quark, each produced with a significant Lorentz boost. The all-hadronic decays of the Higgs or Z boson and of the t quark are selected using jet substructure techniques to reduce standard model backgrounds, resulting in a distinct three-jet W′ boson decay signature. No significant deviation in data with respect to the standard model background prediction is observed. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the product of the W′ boson cross section and the final state branching fraction. A W′ boson with a mass below 3.1 TeV is excluded, given the benchmark model assumption of democratic branching fractions. In addition, limits are set based on generalizations of these assumptions. These are the most sensitive limits to date for this final state.
Placental Image Analysis using Coupled Diffusion-Weighted and Multi-Echo T2 MRI and a Multi-Compartment Model (2016)

Current popular methods of ow and uid measurement are&#13;\nconfounded by the interaction of relaxation and perfusion characteristics which are rarely simultaneously considered. To address this shortcoming we propose a new multi-compartment model for the tissue signal in MRI and apply this to placenta imaging data. Motivated by the different flow characteristics across the placenta, a three compartment model comprising fast and slowly circulating uid pools and a tissue pool is fitted to overlapping multi-echo T2 relaxometry and an intra-voxel incoherent motion diffusion acquisition with low b-values. The new model is supported by a modified image acquisition to enable successful model fitting, but this acquisition is clinically practical; we implemented the acquisition&#13;\non a standard 1.5T clinical system with acquisition taking less than 20 minutes with 26 slices. This is particularly important for placenta image acquisition. We test this combined acquisition and model-fitting routine on simulated data and show parametric maps for a placenta dataset.
Dual-wavelength asymmetric cladding InGaAs-GaAs ridge waveguide distributed Bragg reflector lasers (1999)

The design and operation of dual-wavelength InGaAs-GaAs asymmetric cladding ridge waveguide distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers are reported. DBR lasers with mode pair separations of 4.1, 8.4, and 16.9 nm exhibit stable, simultaneous, dual-wavelength operation in current ranges of 40-52 mA, 32-42 mA, and 28-35 mA, respectively. Within the stated current ranges, all lasing modes exhibit at least 20-dB sidemode suppression, and approximately 30-dB sidemode suppression under optimum operating conditions.
Structural/Radiation-Shielding Epoxies (2009)

A development effort was directed toward formulating epoxy resins that are useful both as structural materials and as shielding against heavy-ion radiation. Hydrogen is recognized as the best element for absorbing heavy-ion radiation, and high-hydrogen-content polymers are now in use as shielding materials. However, high-hydrogen-content polymers (e.g. polyethylene) are typically not good structural materials. In contrast, aromatic polymers, which contain smaller amounts of hydrogen, often have the strength necessary for structural materials. Accordingly, the present development effort is based on the concept that an ideal structural/ heavy-ion-radiation-shielding material would be a polymer that contains sufficient hydrogen (e.g., in the form of aliphatic molecular groups) for radiation shielding and has sufficient aromatic content for structural integrity.
Harnessing the Potential of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes for the Rejuvenation of Group‐Transfer Polymerization of (Meth)Acrylics (2008)

Neutral but versatile: N-heterocyclic carbenes are very efficient catalysts for the group-transfer polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates in both polar and apolar media. These organocatalysts were also used to design all-(meth)acrylic di- and triblock copolymers.
In VivoBiomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Angle‐Stable Interlocking Nail Design in a Canine Tibial Fracture Model (2014)

Earlier functional recovery, callus strength and remodeling suggest that the AS-ILN provides a postoperative biomechanical environment more conducive to bone healing than a comparable standard ILN.
Anisoplanatic atmospheric measurements for terrestrial imaging (2005)

Phase diversity measurements using diffractive encoding systems offer a means for simultaneous measurement of the angular dependence of the turbulence induced in the wavefront distortion and either the angular dependence of scintillation induced during atmospheric propagation or the turbulence-degraded point spread function. We will describe experiments designed to measure the wavefront distortion and angular decorrelation of the atmospheric transfer functions, and discuss the observational strategy for measurement of atmospheric properties under a range of atmospheric conditions and propagation distances. By reconstructing the laser wavefront and comparing the calculated and measured images we will also aim to investigate the effect of strong scintillation on phase diversity wavefront reconstruction techniques. Laboratory tests of the equipment and preliminary measurements will be described, as well as some theory and modeling.