gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Sterilization of Bacterially Contaminated Bone Without Destruction of Osteogenic Potential (1989)

A method to sterilize bone that has been contaminated or to assure sterility of allografts would be quite useful in the practice of orthopedics. The literature documents the osteogenic potential of demineralized bone matrix, prepared by treatment with hydrochloric acid and ethanol. We became interested in whether these potent antibacterial agents could render contaminated bone sterile and thus usable. Thus, we tested immersion in 70% ethanol or 0.6 N hydrochloric acid as sterilization methods for contaminated bone specimens. Bone fragments were (heavily) surface contaminated for 30-60 s by immersion in a suspension of either Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, or Bacillus subtilis and then placed in either the ethanol or hydrochloric acid solutions for 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, or 8 h. Subsequently, they were incubated in broth culture for 14 days. Using 70% ethanol, 80-90% of contaminated bone specimens were sterile in 4 h and all were sterile in 8 h. Using 0.6 N hydrochloric acid, only 10% of bone specimens contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, 60% with Escherichia coli, and 90% with Bacillus subtilis were sterile in 8 h. Consequently, 70% ethanol could possibly by used as an antiseptic or sterilizing agent for contaminated bone, although we feel that such bone should also be demineralized. Ethanol should not be used for routine treatment of mineralized cortical bone as it has been shown to diminish the already poor osteogenic potential of cortical bone.
Development and characterization of synthetic antibodies binding to the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (2020)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel in the apical surface of epithelial cells in the airway and gastrointestinal tract, and mutation of CFTR is the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis. However, the precise molecular details of the structure and function of CFTR in native and disease states remains elusive and cystic fibrosis researchers are hindered by a lack of high specificity, high affinity binding reagents for use in structural and biological studies. Here, we describe a panel of synthetic antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) isolated from a phage-displayed library that are specific for intracellular domains of CFTR that include the nucleotide-binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2), the R-region, and the regulatory insertion loop of NBD1. Binding assays performed under conditions that promote the native fold of the protein demonstrated that all Fabs recognized full-length CFTR. However, only the NBD1-specific Fab recognized denatured CFTR by western blot, suggesting a conformational epitope requirement for the other Fabs. Surface plasmon resonance experiments showed that the R-region Fab binds with high affinity to both the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated R-region. In addition, NMR analysis of bound versus unbound R-region revealed a distinct conformational effect upon Fab binding. We further defined residues involved with antibody recognition using an overlapping peptide array. In summary, we describe methodology complementary to previous hybridoma-based efforts to develop antibody reagents to CFTR, and introduce a synthetic antibody panel to aid structural and biological studies.
Effects of different levels of direct current on early ligament healing in a rat model (1994)

Electrical stimulation has been shown to enhance the repair of biological tissues such as bone and tendon. The objective of this study was to determine whether low level direct current enhances the early healing of injured medial collateral ligaments. Eighty-seven rats were divided into three groups on the basis of the level of current delivered. All underwent transection of the medial collateral ligament bilaterally. The experimental medial collateral ligaments received current (which varied by group), while the contralateral medial collateral ligaments (the controls), with identical electrodes, received no current. After 12 days, each ligament was tested biomechanically with use of a hydraulic materials testing machine. Group 1 (8.6 +/- 5.9 microA) showed statistically significant improvements in maximum rupture force, energy absorbed, stiffness, and laxity. The groups that had received lower levels of current did not show significant improvements. In this study, stimulation of 1-20 microA was the most effective level of direct current for the enhancement of early healing of the medial collateral ligament.
<title>System parameters and detection margins of the multimedia compact disk system</title> (1995)

The system parameters and detection margins of the recently developed high-density multimedia compact disc system are discussed.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Gravitational drainage of compressible organic materials (2010)

Abstract A model was developed to simulate drainage of compressible particle suspensions, and study how cake compression and volumetric load influence the process. The input parameters were settling velocity, cake resistance and compressibility. These parameters were found using a new experimental method. Dextran‐MnO 2 particle suspensions were drained as these resemble organic waste slurries with respect to settling and compressibility. It was demonstrated that cake compressibility must be taken into account to obtain adequate simulations. This implies that pressurized filtration resistances cannot be used for drainage simulations. In the filtration step, a distinct increase of dry matter from top to bottom of the cake was observed. During the subsequent consolidation, the cake compressed and a uniform dry matter profile was found. The final dry matter content of the cake increased with feed concentration and volumetric load. The drainage time increased proportionally with feed concentration and, more importantly, proportionally with squared volumetric load. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Newton method for the ICA mixture model (2008)

We derive an asymptotic Newton algorithm for quasi-maximum likelihood estimation of the ICA mixture model, using the ordinary gradient and Hessian. The probabilistic mixture framework yields an algorithm that can accommodate non-stationary environments and arbitrary source densities. We prove asymptotic stability when the source models match the true sources. An example application to EEC segmentation is given.
Synthesis and Structure of a Binuclear [Bis(ethane-1,2-diamine)nickel(II)]-μ-(ethane-1,2-dithiolato)-[(ethane-1,2-dithiolato)Nickel(II)] Complex [Ni(en)2(μ-C2O2S2)Ni(C2O2S2)], and the Related 3,4-Dimercaptocyclobu (1990)

The reaction of planar bis nickel(II) chelates of the ethanebis ( thioate ) ( dithiooxalate ) dianion (C2O2S22-, dto ) or the 3,4-dimercaptocyclobutene-1,2-dionate(2-)( dithiosquarate ) dianion (C4O2S22-, dts ) with bis (ethane-1,2-diamine)nickel(II) dinitrate [NiII (en)2(NO3)2 ]leads to the formation of neutral binuclear complexes of the form [Ni(en)2Ni(L)2] (L= dto or dts ), (1) and (2). An X-ray crystal structure of the dithiooxalate complex has been performed which confirms the formulation of a µ- dithiooxalato bridged binuclear complex based on analytical, magnetic and spectroscopic data. The crystals of [Ni(en)2Ni( dto )2] are orthorhombic, space group Pcnn a 8.371(8), b 17.65(1), c 23.37(2)? and Z 8; a total of 853 unique data with I &amp;gt; 2s(I) were refined to R 0.073. The molecule is found to be binuclear with a dithiooxalate dianion bridging a six-coordinate Ni(en)2O2 moiety and a planar four-coordinate Ni( dto )S2 group.
Refocusing on somatostatin receptors as clinical targets in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (2023)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Cost-effectiveness of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in long-term use: economic evaluation based on a 9‑year study in Finland (2006)

This appraisal, based on event data from a uniquely long study of ccHRT, indicates that this intervention is cost-effective for the relief of symptoms of menopause.
Front Cover: Tunable Magnetic Properties of (Gd,Ce)2O2S Oxysulfide Nanoparticles (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 6/2019) (2019)

The Front Cover shows the methodology and main results of the study on a background of a transmission electron micrograph of the (Gd,Ce)2O2S nanoplates. A colloidal solution of 10 nm wide nanoplates with a controlled ratio of gadolinium and cerium was prepared. The nanoparticles were then isolated as a powder, which exhibited the expected Ln2O2S lamellar crystal structure. The magnetic moment could be decreased by increasing the cerium fraction. More information can be found in the Full Paper by S. Carenco et al. For more on the story behind the cover research, see the Cover Profile.
Specificity of LIM Domain Interactions with Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (1996)

LIM domains, Cys-rich motifs containing approximately 50 amino acids found in a variety of proteins, are proposed to direct protein*protein interactions. To identify structural targets recognized by LIM domains, we have utilized random peptide library selection, the yeast two-hybrid system, and glutathione S-transferase fusions. Enigma contains three LIM domains within its carboxyl terminus and LIM3 of Enigma specifically recognizes active but not mutant endocytic codes of the insulin receptor (InsR) (Wu, R. Y., and Gill, G. N. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 25085-25090). Interaction of two random peptide libraries with glutathione S-transferase-LIM3 of Enigma indicated specific binding to Gly-Pro-Hyd-Gly-Pro-Hyd-Tyr-Ala corresponding to the major endocytic code of InsR. Peptide competition demonstrated that both Pro and Tyr residues were required for specific interaction of InsR with Enigma. In contrast to LIM3 of Enigma binding to InsR, LIM2 of Enigma associated specifically with the receptor tyrosine kinase, Ret. Ret was specific for LIM2 of Enigma and did not bind other LIM domains tested. Mutational analysis indicated that the residues responsible for binding to Enigma were localized to the carboxyl-terminal 61 amino acids of Ret. A peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal 20 amino acids of Ret dissociated Enigma and Ret complexes, while a mutant that changed Asn-Lys-Leu-Tyr in the peptide to Ala-Lys-Leu-Ala or a peptide corresponding to exon16 of InsR failed to disrupt the complexes, indicating the Asn-Lys-Leu-Tyr sequence of Ret is essential to the recognition motif for LIM2 of Enigma. We conclude that LIM domains of Enigma recognize tyrosine-containing motifs with specificity residing in both the LIM domains and in the target structures.
Scaling laws for spatiotemporal synchronization and array enhanced stochastic resonance (1996)

Recently, the synchronization and signal processing ability of a locally and linearly coupled array of bistable elements was enhanced by the addition of uncorrelated noise [J. F. Lindner, B. K. Meadows, W. L. Ditto, M. E. Inchiosa, and A. R. Bulsara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3 (1995)]. Here, we detail the performance of such an array as a function of both coupling and noise. Simple theoretical arguments, grounded in extensive numerical studies, suggest how to ``tune'' the array for best synchronization and signal-to-noise ratio. Specifically, we propose that, for large array size N, the optimal coupling scales like ${\mathit{N}}^{2}$ and the optimal noise variance scales like N. This scaling matches the coupling-induced correlation length to the array length and the noise-generated mean hopping time to the modulation period, thereby creating a stochastic resonance in space and time. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Quantum information processing using nuclear and electron magnetic resonance: review and prospects (2007)

This paper describes recent progress using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a platform for implementing quantum information processing (QIP) tasks. The basic ideas of NMR QIP are detailed, examining the successes and limitations of liquid and solid state experiments. Finally, a future direction for implementing quantum processors is suggested,utilizing both nuclear and electron spin degrees of freedom.
Glutathione peroxidase activity modulates recovery in the injured immature brain (2009)

Our results implicate GPx in recovery of spatial memory after traumatic brain injury. This recovery may be attributed, in part, to a reduction in early oxidative stress and selective, long-term sparing of neurons in the dentate.
Preparation, optical, and laser properties of Nd-doped sol-gel silica (1992)

A novel sol-gel process has been used to prepare homogeneous, fully dense, cylindrical samples of neodymium-doped silica and neodymium-aluminum-doped silica. The absorption and emission spectra, fluorescent lifetimes and quantum yields of all samples were measured. The quantum yields of Nd<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> samples were very low due to clustering of the Nd in the silica matrix. The incorporation of alumina eliminated the clustering and quantum yields up to 55% were obtained. We showed that these quantum yields of less than unity were caused by residual OH quenching of the Nd fluorescence. The fluorescent properties were unchanged when the OH was replaced with OD. One sample was demonstrated to laser under laser pumping.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction-Enabled Anisotropic Thermo-Elastic Analysis of Additively Manufactured Single Tracks (2019)

Abstract Despite extensive efforts directed toward elucidating the connections between process, microstructure and performance of additively manufactured structures and components, a significant number of meaningful questions remain unanswered. Specifically, a large body of work has demonstrated that microstructural/sub-structural features in selectively laser melted (SLM) components give rise to a significant enhancement in strength. Furthermore, the change in associated ductility is comparable to that seen in post-processed, wrought annealed material. However, the origin and mechanism by which these features arise have remained elusive. This work is an initial step in leveraging computational capabilities for validating experiment-based theories that explain the basis for the above-mentioned phenomena. The present work describes a computational approach for utilizing spatially resolved crystal-lographic descriptions obtained via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to define the domain geometry and material properties of an anisotropic thermo-elastic simulation. The resulting solution is used to ascertain the elastic strain energy state, and slip-system resolved shear stresses on a per-grain basis. This analysis is performed, in part, as a means for validating a hypothesis linking these characteristics with the development of sub-structural features, which are in turn, correlated with improvements in material performance. The results suggest that both strain energy density and grain boundary character play an important role in the formation of substructure in additively manufactured 316L stainless steels.
Data from Phase I Clinical Trial of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor Decitabine and PARP Inhibitor Talazoparib Combination Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) unfit for, or resistant to, intensive chemotherapy are often treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi). Novel combinations may increase efficacy. In addition to demethylating CpG island gene promoter regions, DNMTis enhance PARP1 recruitment and tight binding to chromatin, preventing PARP-mediated DNA repair, downregulating homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, and sensitizing cells to PARP inhibitor (PARPi). We previously demonstrated DNMTi and PARPi combination efficacy in AML &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Here, we report a phase I clinical trial combining the DNMTi decitabine and the PARPi talazoparib in relapsed/refractory AML.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Decitabine and talazoparib doses were escalated using a 3 + 3 design. Pharmacodynamic studies were performed on cycle 1 days 1 (pretreatment), 5 and 8 blood blasts.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Doses were escalated in seven cohorts [25 patients, including 22 previously treated with DNMTi(s)] to a recommended phase II dose combination of decitabine 20 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; intravenously daily for 5 or 10 days and talazoparib 1 mg orally daily for 28 days, in 28-day cycles. Grade 3–5 events included fever in 19 patients and lung infections in 15, attributed to AML. Responses included complete remission with incomplete count recovery in two patients (8%) and hematologic improvement in three. Pharmacodynamic studies showed the expected DNA demethylation, increased PARP trapping in chromatin, increased γH2AX foci, and decreased HR activity in responders. γH2AX foci increased significantly with increasing talazoparib doses combined with 20 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; decitabine.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Decitabine/talazoparib combination was well tolerated. Expected pharmacodynamic effects occurred, especially in responders.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CuH-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids to β-Chiral Aldehydes (2017)

The copper hydride (CuH)-catalyzed enantioselective reduction of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids to saturated aldehydes is reported. This protocol provides a new method to access a variety of β-chiral aldehydes in good yields, with high levels of enantioselectivity and broad functional group tolerance. A reaction pathway involving a ketene intermediate is proposed based on preliminary mechanistic studies and density functional theory calculations.
Modifications of the Weil Osteotomy Have No Effect on Plantar Pressure (2004)

Previous studies have shown that increasing angulation of the Weil osteotomy produces greater plantar translation of the metatarsal head. Modifications have been proposed to reduce plantar translation. However, there is no evidence that the increased plantar translation with a Weil osteotomy is clinically significant or that these modifications are required. Ten lower extremities consisting of five matched pairs were used to evaluate whether different configurations of the Weil osteotomy altered plantar pressure in a dynamic cadaver model. For each pair, an oblique Weil osteotomy with a 5-mm shift was done on one side and a standard (parallel) Weil osteotomy with a 5-mm shift was done on the matched foot. A 4-mm slice resection and a metatarsal head resection then were done sequentially. Plantar pressures were measured with cyclic loading to 700 N at a frequency of 1 Hz with an F-scan in-shoe sensor on the intact specimens and after each intervention. Increased plantar translation of the metatarsal head with a more oblique Weil osteotomy did not significantly increase plantar pressure, and the 4-mm slice resection did not significantly unload the metatarsal head. Only complete metatarsal head resection significantly unloaded the metatarsal head.
Deep Proximal Gradient Method for Learned Convex Regularizers (2023)

We consider the problem of simultaneously learning a convex penalty function and its proximity operator for image reconstruction from incomplete measurements. Our goal is to apply Accelerated Proximal Gradient Method (APGM) using a learned proximity operator in place of the true proximity operator of the learned penalty function. Starting from a Gaussian image denoiser, we learn an associated penalty function and its proximity operator. The learned penalty function offers provable reconstruction guarantees, whereas access to its proximity operator presents the opportunity to achieve APGM convergence rates, which are faster than those of subgradient descent approaches.
Infrared-absorption spectra of acceptors confined in GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs quantum wells in the presence of an external magnetic field (1994)

The infrared-absorption spectra of acceptors confined in the center of GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As quantum wells in the presence of an external magnetic field have been calculated. The calculations are based on a four-band effective-mass theory in which the valence-band mixing as well as the mismatch of the band parameters and the dielectric constants between well and barrier materials have been taken into account. The dipole transition rule is assumed for the infrared absorption. The oscillator strengths of allowed transitions between the acceptor ground states and excited states, corresponding to the transitions G, D, and C in bulk GaAs, are calculated for different well widths in the range 50--200 \AA{} with an external magnetic field up to 10 T. The oscillator strength of these infrared acceptor transitions exhibits a strong polarization dependence.
Impact of bottom electrode and SrxTiyOz film formation on physical and electrical properties of metal-insulator-metal capacitors (2011)

Metal-insulator-metal capacitors with SrxTiyOz (STO) dielectric films on TiN, Ru, and RuOx bottom electrodes with TiN top electrodes were studied. Metastable perovskite STO films with compositions in the Sr/(Sr+Ti)∼54–64 at. % range were obtained by crystallization at 600 °C in N2 of dielectric stacks grown by atomic layer deposition consisting of Sr-rich STO films [Sr/(Sr+Ti)∼64 at. %] on thin interfacial TiOx layers. The significant decrease in equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and STO lattice parameter observed with increasing TiOx thickness indicates full intermixing of the TiOx and STO layers during the crystallization anneal, which results in the formation of an STO layer with higher Ti content and higher dielectric constant. The Sr-rich STO on TiOx stacks crystallize with small grain size, favorable for low leakage (JG). A significant improvement in JG for e-injection from the bottom electrode is obtained when using RuOx, as compared to TiN or Ru. A milder JG improvement with RuOx bottom electrode is also seen for e-injection from the top TiN electrode, indicating that higher quality perovskite STO films are formed on RuOx, or equivalently, that their trap density is lower. We propose oxygen scavenging from the STO by TiN or Ru electrodes, eliminated or reversed when using RuOx, as an explanation for the improvement. Using an optimized RuOx/TiOx/STO/TiN stack we obtained leakage of 10−7 A/cm2 (at 0.8 V) and 0.4 nm EOT.