gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ball Lens Embedded Through-Package Via To Enable Backside Coupling Between Silicon Photonics Interposer and Board-Level Interconnects (2020)

Development of an efficient and densely integrated optical coupling interface for silicon photonics based board-level optical interconnects is one of the key challenges in the domain of 2.5D/3D electro-optic integration. Enabling high-speed on-chip electro-optic conversion and efficient optical transmission across package/board-level short-reach interconnections can help overcome the limitations of a conventional electrical I/O in terms of bandwidth density and power consumption in a high-performance computing environment. In this context, we have demonstrated a novel optical coupling interface to integrate silicon photonics with board-level optical interconnects. We show that by integrating a ball lens in a via drilled in an organic package substrate, the optical beam diffracted from a downward directionality grating on a photonics chip can be coupled to a board-level polymer multimode waveguide with a good alignment tolerance. A key result from the experiment was a 14 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> m chip-to-package 1-dB lateral alignment tolerance for coupling into a polymer waveguide with a cross-section of 20 × 25 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> m <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^2$</tex-math></inline-formula> . An in-depth analysis of loss distribution across several interfaces was done and a −3.4 dB coupling efficiency was measured between the optical interface comprising of output grating, ball lens and polymer waveguide. Furthermore, it is shown that an efficiency better than −2 dB can be achieved by tweaking few parameters in the coupling interface. The fabrication of the optical interfaces and related measurements are reported and verified with simulation results.
International Relations Then and Now (2019)

The new edition of this classic history of International Relations has been completely revised and updated throughout and remains a major guide to the intellectual lineage and development of the field. In International Relations Then and Now the authors examine the historical antecedents and the emergence of theories of the state system during the 18th and 19th centuries culminating in the short-lived League of Nations. They look at the foundation of International Relations as an academic discipline and the competing theories that emerged within it. In an entirely new part to this volume, they also consider contemporary developments within the theories and methodologies of International Relations, including feminism and postcolonialism. International Relations Then and Now is an indispensable text for students and scholars interested in the history of the development of International Relations.
Discovery and Characterization of AZD6738, a Potent Inhibitor of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3 Related (ATR) Kinase with Application as an Anticancer Agent (2018)

The kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3 related (ATR) is a key regulator of the DNA-damage response and the apical kinase which orchestrates the cellular processes that repair stalled replication forks (replication stress) and associated DNA double-strand breaks. Inhibition of repair pathways mediated by ATR in a context where alternative pathways are less active is expected to aid clinical response by increasing replication stress. Here we describe the development of the clinical candidate 2 (AZD6738), a potent and selective sulfoximine morpholinopyrimidine ATR inhibitor with excellent preclinical physicochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics. Compound 2 was developed improving aqueous solubility and eliminating CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibition starting from the earlier described inhibitor 1 (AZ20). The clinical candidate 2 has favorable human PK suitable for once or twice daily dosing and achieves biologically effective exposure at moderate doses. Compound 2 is currently being tested in multiple phase I/II trials as an anticancer agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective 5′‐Desilylation of 3′,5′‐Disilyl AraU Derivatives under Basic Conditions. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Improvement of sensory deficits in Fragile X mice by increasing cortical interneuron activity after the critical period (2022)

SUMMARY Changes in the function of inhibitory interneurons (INs) during cortical development could contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using all-optical in vivo approaches in postnatal mouse somatosensory cortex (S1), we find that parvalbumin (PV) IN precursors are hypoactive and decoupled from excitatory neurons in Fmr1 −/− mice, a model of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). This leads to a loss of PV-INs in both mice and humans with FXS. Increasing the activity of future PV-INs in neonatal Fmr1 −/− mice restores PV density and ameliorates transcriptional dysregulation in S1, but not circuit dysfunction. Critically, administering a novel allosteric modulator of Kv3.1 channels after the S1 critical period does rescue circuit dynamics and tactile defensiveness. Symptoms in FXS and related disorders could be mitigated by targeting PV-INs.
First Clinical Isolates of Nocardia carnea, Nocardia elegans, Nocardia paucivorans, Nocardia puris and Nocardia takedensis in Japan (2006)

Five aerobic actinomycete strains isolated from patients in Japan were assigned provisionally to the genus Nocardia based on morphological and physiological characteristics. The five strains, IFM 10481, IFM 0668, IFM 0901, IFM 0583 and IFM 0342, were not classified into any Nocardia species reported as infectious agents in Japan. Therefore, they were studied further to determine their specific taxonomic positions. Detailed chemotaxonomic and physiologic characterization and 16S rDNA sequence data of the five strains showed that they belonged to respective species of Nocardia carnea, N. elegans, N. paucivorans, N. puris and N. takedensis. This is the first isolation report of these five Nocardia species from patients in Japan.
Restraining System to Help Contain Well Flowlines and Equipment During Rupture for Increased Safety (1992)

Abstract Typical loads involving energized fluids and ruptured flowlines are much greater than some commonly used restraining devices are capable of handling. Safety considerations demand that this problem be addressed. The restraining system proposed in this paper is one possible method to help address this problem. The proposed system was designed by modeling the transient and steady-state thrust forces generated by the effluent of energized fluids from ruptured flowlines. The proposed system should help contain the flowline equipment in place in the event of a failure in which a high velocity jet of energized fluid is discharged to the atmosphere. The thrust forces generated by energized fluids are identified. These forces, together with the kinetic energy of accelerated equipment, have been used to design proposed impact energy-absorption devices. The proposed restraining system consists of earth anchors, flexible constraints, energy-absorption devices, and flowline attachments. The earth anchors could remain in place throughout the life of the well and thus provide the basis for a restraining system during any subsequent stimulation work. The proposed restraining system is applicable to onshore wellsites where well stimulation is performed using energized fluids.
Sakura: a flexible coding for tree hashing. (2013)

We propose a flexible, fairly general, coding for tree hash modes. The coding does not define a tree hash mode, but instead specifies a way to format the message blocks and chaining values into inputs to the underlying function for any topology, including sequential hashing. The main benefit is to avoid input clashes between different tree growing strategies, even before the hashing modes are defined, and to make the SHA-3 standard tree-hashing ready.
Functional rewiring of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in human labor (2022)

Current strategies to manage preterm labor center around inhibition of uterine myometrial contractions, yet do not improve neonatal outcomes as they do not address activation of inflammation. Here, we identify that during human labor, activated oxytocin receptor (OTR) reprograms the prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP2, in the pregnant myometrium to suppress relaxatory/Gαs-cAMP signaling and promote pro-labor/inflammatory responses via altered coupling of EP2 from Gαq/11 to Gαi/o. The ability of EP2 to signal via Gαi/o is recapitulated with in vitro OT and only following OTR activation, suggesting direct EP2-OTR crosstalk. Super-resolution imaging with computational modeling reveals OT-dependent reorganization of EP2-OTR complexes to favor conformations for Gαi over Gαs activation. A selective EP2 ligand, PGN9856i, activates the relaxatory/Gαs-cAMP pathway but not the pro-labor/inflammatory responses in term-pregnant myometrium, even following OT. Our study reveals a mechanism, and provides a potential therapeutic solution, whereby EP2-OTR functional associations could be exploited to delay preterm labor.
150 Mbps PDIC receiver (2010)

A 150 Mbps PDIC (Photo Diode Integrated Circuit) BiCMOS optical receiver is presented in the report. The receiver is intended to be used in the MOST150 (Media Oriented System Transport) network with POF (Plastic Optical Fiber), diameter 1 mm wavelength 650nm. A fast optical front end receiver is developed based on XFAB BiCMOS technology. The fully differential receiver consists of two integrated photo diodes with 1.1mm diameter, transimpedance amplifier, postamplifier and output LVDS driver. The block diagram, chip layout and measurement results of the engineering samples are shown. Receiver is available in two types of the package SOIC and SIP.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐assisted Organic Reduction Reactions (2011)

Abstract Review: 100 refs.
Telomerase Activity in Lung Cancer Cells Obtained From Bronchial Washings (1998)

A high percentage of patients with lung cancers had detectable telomerase activity in bronchial washings. Thus, the use of a cell extract-based or an in situ TRAP assay in addition to cytologic examination may make the diagnosis of lung cancer more reliable.
Silicon anisotropic etching without attacking aluminum with Si and oxidizing agent dissolved in TMAH solution (2004)

We study silicon anisotropic etching using TMAH containing Si and several oxidizing agents. We focus on the Al etch rate and the formation of micropyramids. In addition to the previously reported TMAH with Si and ammonium persulfate, Si anisotropic etching without Al etch can be achieved by dissolving Si and ammonium nitrate in TMAH. By surface analysis of the etched aluminum, we have found that thin oxide layers, which cannot be etched by TMAH, form on the aluminum surface. Formation of micropyramids is dependent on the (111)/(100) etch rate ratio. We demonstrate that micropyramids formation can be prevented by increasing the (111)/(100) etch rate ratio. For TMAH with Si and ammonium persulfate, the Si(100) etch rate and the occurrence of micropyramids changes according to the sequence that the materials are dissolved in. Consequently, dissolving Si before ammonium persulfate is important.
Endothelin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid in elderly patients with hypertension and dementia. (1994)

Endothelin-1, a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictive peptide, is also known to exist in the central nervous system. We determined endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid by a radioimmunoassay in 32 normotensive or hypertensive elderly subjects (79 +/- 8 years old) with or without multi-infarction dementia. The mean value of endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid was significantly (P < .05) elevated in subjects with essential hypertension (> or = 160/95 mm Hg, n = 5, 79 +/- 9 years old) compared with those with borderline hypertension (140-159/90-94 mm Hg, n = 4, 78 +/- 5 years old) and normotensive subjects (< 140/90 mm Hg, n = 23, 79 +/- 8 years old). The value of endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid was significantly (P < .05) positively correlated with both systolic (r = .38) and diastolic (r = .42) blood pressures in all subjects. On the other hand, mean values of endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid were also significantly (P < .05) elevated in the groups of patients with multi-infarction dementia that had profoundly decreased Mini-Mental State scores (< or = 10, n = 6) and moderately decreased Mini-Mental State scores (11 to 20, n = 14) compared with those values in subjects with normal cognitive function (score for Mini-Mental State > or = 21, n = 12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Femtosecond multiple pulse impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. M. Weiner, D. E. Leaird, G. P. Wiederrecht, and K. A. Nelson, "Femtosecond multiple pulse impulsive stimulated Raman scattering," Optics News 15(12), 29_1-31 (1989) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
On the energy-efficiency of hybrid analog-digital transceivers for large antenna array systems (2017)

Hybrid Analog-Digital transceivers are employed with the view to reduce the hardware complexity and the energy consumption in millimeter wave/large antenna array systems by reducing the number of their Radio Frequency (RF) chains. However, the analog processing network requires power for its operation and it further introduces power losses, dependent on the number of the transceiver antennas and RF chains, that have to be compensated. Thus, the reduction in the power consumption is usually much less than it is expected and given that the hybrid solutions present in general inferior spectral efficiency than a fully digital one, it is possible for the former to be less energy efficient than the latter in several cases. Existing approaches propose hybrid solutions that maximize the spectral efficiency of the system without providing any insight on their actual energy requirements/efficiency. To that end, in this paper, a novel algorithmic framework is developed based on which energy efficient hybrid transceiver designs are developed and their performance is examined with respect to the employed number of RF chains. Solutions are proposed for fully and partially connected hybrid architectures. Numerical results provide insight on when a hybrid transceiver is the most energy efficient solution or not.
Remembrance of circuits past: macromodeling by data mining in large analog design spaces (2002)

The introduction of simulation-based analog synthesis tools creates a new challenge for analog modeling. These tools routinely visit 10/sup 3/ to 10/sup 5/ fully simulated circuit solution candidates. What might we do with all this circuit data? We show how to adapt recent ideas from large-scale data mining to build models that capture significant regions of this visited performance space, parameterized by variables manipulated by synthesis, trained by the data points visited during synthesis. Experimental results show that we can automatically build useful nonlinear regression models for large analog design spaces.
FDSOI bottom MOSFETs stability versus top transistor thermal budget featuring 3D monolithic integration (2014)

To set up specification for 3D monolithic integration, for the first time, the thermal stability of state-of-the-art FDSOI (Fully Depleted SOI) transistors electrical performance is quantified. Post fabrication annealings are performed on FDSOI transistors to mimic the thermal budget associated to top layer processing. Degradation of the silicide for thermal treatments beyond 400°C is identified as the main responsible for performance degradation for PMOS devices. For the NMOS transistors, arsenic (As) and phosphorus (P) dopants deactivation adds up to this effect. By optimizing both the n-type extension implantations and the bottom silicide process, thermal stability of FDSOI can be extended to allow relaxing upwards the thermal budget authorized for top transistors processing.
Chemical characterization, handling, and refining of solvent refined coal to liquid fuels. Final report (1977)

Solvent refined coal (SRC) products from the Wilsonville, Alabama and Tacoma, Washington liquefaction facilities were characterized by a broad range of chemical methods. Analytical procedures were established to analyze feed and products from the hydroprocessing of these SRC materials in a unit designed and built specifically for processing residual materials. Authentic and synthetic filtrates were processed upflow in hydrogen over three different commercially available catalysts. Residual (greater than 850/sup 0/F boiling point) SRC conversions up to 46 wt percent were observed under typical hydrotreating conditions on authentic filtrate over a cobalt molybdenum catalyst. A synthetic filtrate comprised of creosote oil containing 52 wt percent Tacoma SRC was used for evaluating nickel molybdenum and nickel tungsten catalysts. Nickel molybdenum on alumina catalyst converted more 850/sup 0/F+ SRC, consumed less hydrogen and produced a better product distribution than nickel tungsten on silica alumina. Net solvent make was observed from both catalysts on synthetic filtrate whereas a solvent loss was observed when authentic filtrate was hydroprocessed. Products were characterized by a number of analytical methods. The storage and handling characteristics of solvent refined coal were investigated with emphasis placed on properties important in the use of SRC as a solid fuel in existing coal fired power plants. A comprehensive review of research performed on SRC utilization for power plant applications was performed. Experiments on SRC consolidation, particle adhesion in pneumatic transport, and weathering were conducted. The first two of these phenomena are responsible for problems encountered in recent studies of grinding, bin flow, pneumatic transport and combustion.
Differential effects of oxidizing agents on human plasma .alpha.1-proteinase inhibitor and human neutrophil myeloperoxidase (1985)

Human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is easily susceptible to inactivation because of the presence of a methionyl residue at its reactive site. Thus, oxidizing species derived from the myeloperoxidase system (enzyme, H2O2, and C1-), as well as hypochlorous acid, can inactivate this inhibitor, although H2O2 alone has no effect. Butylated hydroxytoluene, a radical scavenger, partially protects alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor from the myeloperoxidase system and completely protects it from hypochlorous acid. Each oxidant also reacts differently with the inhibitor, in that the myeloperoxidase system and hypochlorous acid can each oxidize as many as six methionyl residues, but hypochlorous acid can also oxidize a single tyrosine residue. Myeloperoxidase can be inactivated by hypochlorous acid, by autoxidation in the presence of H2O2 and C1-, as well as by H2O2 alone. Butylated hydroxytoluene completely protects this enzyme from hypochlorous acid inactivation, does not affect the action of H2O2, and enhances autoinactivation. As many as six methionyl residues and two tyrosine residues could be oxidized during autoxidation and six methionine residues by H2O2 alone. Eight methionine residues and one tyrosine residue could be oxidized by hypochlorous acid. The tyrosine residue in myeloperoxidase was oxidized only at a relatively high concentration (600 microM) of hypochlorous acid at which point the enzyme simultaneously and completely lost its enzymatic activity. Loss of activity of myeloperoxidase could also be correlated with the loss of the heme groups present in the enzyme when a relatively high concentration of hypochlorous acid (600 microM) was used and also during autoxidation. It appears that once there is sufficient oxidant to modify one of the tyrosine residues, the heme group itself becomes susceptible.
6G goal-oriented communications: How to coexist with legacy systems? (2023)

&lt;p&gt;6G will connect heterogeneous intelligent agents to make them natively operate complex cooperative tasks. When connecting intelligence, two main research questions arise to identify how artificial intelligence and machine learning models behave depending on: i) their input data quality, affected by errors induced by interference and additive noise during wireless communication; ii) their contextual effectiveness and resilience to interpret and exploit the meaning behind the data. Both questions are within the realm of semantic and goal-oriented communications. With this paper we investigate on how to effectively share communication spectrum resources between a legacy communication systems (i.e., data-oriented) and a new goal-oriented edge intelligence one. Specifically, we address the scenario of an enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service, i.e., a user uploading a video stream to a radio access point, interfering with an edge inference system, in which a user uploads images to a Mobile Edge Host that runs a classification task. Our objective is to achieve, through cooperation, the eMBB service highest data rate, subject to a target goal-effectiveness of the edge inference service, namely the probability of confident inference on time. We first formalize a general definition of goal in the context of wireless communications. This includes the goal-effectiveness, (i.e., the goal achievability rate, or the probability of achieving the goal), as well as that of goal cost (i.e., the network resource consumption needed to achieve the goal with target effectiveness). We argue and show, through numerical evaluations, that communication reliability and goal-effectiveness are not straightforwardly linked. Then, after a performance evaluation aiming to clarify the difference between communication performance and goal-effectiveness, a long-term optimization problem is formulated and solved via Lyapunov stochastic network optimization tools, to guarantee the desired target performance. Finally, our numerical results assess the advantages of the proposed optimization, and the superiority of the goal-oriented strategy against baseline 5G compliant legacy approaches, under both stationary and non-stationary communication (and computation) environments. &lt;/p&gt;