gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additive Manufacturing of Metal Structures at the Micrometer Scale (2017)

Currently, the focus of additive manufacturing (AM) is shifting from simple prototyping to actual production. One driving factor of this process is the ability of AM to build geometries that are not accessible by subtractive fabrication techniques. While these techniques often call for a geometry that is easiest to manufacture, AM enables the geometry required for best performance to be built by freeing the design process from restrictions imposed by traditional machining. At the micrometer scale, the design limitations of standard fabrication techniques are even more severe. Microscale AM thus holds great potential, as confirmed by the rapid success of commercial micro-stereolithography tools as an enabling technology for a broad range of scientific applications. For metals, however, there is still no established AM solution at small scales. To tackle the limited resolution of standard metal AM methods (a few tens of micrometers at best), various new techniques aimed at the micrometer scale and below are presently under development. Here, we review these recent efforts. Specifically, we feature the techniques of direct ink writing, electrohydrodynamic printing, laser-assisted electrophoretic deposition, laser-induced forward transfer, local electroplating methods, laser-induced photoreduction and focused electron or ion beam induced deposition. Although these methods have proven to facilitate the AM of metals with feature sizes in the range of 0.1-10 µm, they are still in a prototype stage and their potential is not fully explored yet. For instance, comprehensive studies of material availability and material properties are often lacking, yet compulsory for actual applications. We address these items while critically discussing and comparing the potential of current microscale metal AM techniques.
Discovery of Potent Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using Ligand Based Modeling (2016)

Our efforts culminated in the identification of potent BTK ligands having desired inhibitory activities and structurally distinct from known active reference compounds (i.e., training compounds) and represent new chemotypes.
Modeling of the Stardust Reentry Flows with Ionization in DSMC (2007)

Ionized hypersonic o ws for the Stardust blunt body at 80 km altitude were simulated using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, at a speed of 12.8 km/s, the fastest man-made object to enter the Earth’s atmosphere. The modeling of ionization processes and energy exchange between translational and internal modes in DSMC is discussed. Eleven species including 5 ions and electron and chemical reactions are considered in the o weld. It was found that the charge neutrality assumption held in the bow-shock region and using this assumption, ionization processes were modeled. The electron-vibration energy exchange model is important for the prediction of electron and vibrational temperature proles, and this process was modeled by Lee’s relaxation time for the rst time in DSMC. DSMC results were compared with CFD(DPLR) results, with the main result that DSMC predicted lower energy exchange rates between translational and internal modes than CFD. The lower energy exchange rates resulted in lower dissociation rates and a lower degree of ionization in DSMC. Furthermore, radiation was calculated using the NEQAIR code from the CFD(DPLR) and DSMC o welds along the stagnation line for NO, N + , N, and O. The development of the DSMC models signican tly aected the N radiation and O radiation in ultraviolet range.
18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography – An Innovative Technique for the Diagnosis of a Canine Lameness (2016)

18F-FDG PET-CT adds valuable physiologic and anatomic information to the diagnostic evaluation of patients presenting with indistinct or intermittent clinical signs of musculoskeletal inflammation or injury. In addition, tailoring the PET acquisition and radiopharmaceutical parameters allows for detailed information gathering to more closely assess normal and abnormal physiology, unlocking a new frontier in the study of canine athletic injury and optimal performance.
Identification of the Herbicide Binding Region of the Qв-Protein by Photoaffinity Labeling with Azidoatrazine (1984)

Spinach thylakoids have been photoaffinity labeled with [ 14 C]azidoatrazine in vitro and with specific [ 3 H]amino acids in vivo. The radiolabeled protein has been isolated, cleaved with trypsin, and the resulting fragments have been identified by their characteristic [ 3 H]amino acid incorporation. The peptide pattern has been interpreted using the known gene sequence for the Q B -protein of spinach thylakoids, which is the major protein labeled by both the in vivo and in vitro procedures. When analyzed by gel filtration, over 80% of the 14 C-activity migrated as two peaks: one as undigested protein at the void volume and the other at an apparent MW of 8.35 ± 0.76 kilodaltons. The remaining activity migrated with the included volume as free azidoatrazine. Fragments were analysed for covalent [ 14 C]azidoatrazine binding; the tryptic peptide covalently labeled by [ 14 C]azidoatrazine was found to be the fragment Pro-141 to Arg-225. This peptide is well removed from the site of a single amino acid change at Ser-264 implicated in triazine resistance, but includes a region suggested to be involved in Q в -binding by homology with sequences of two reaction center proteins from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata.
Limit cycles and their stability in a passive bipedal gait (2002)

It is well-known that a suitably designed unpowered mechanical biped robot can "walk" down an inclined plane with a steady gait. The characteristics of the gait (e.g., velocity, time period, step length) depend on the geometry and the inertial properties of the robot and the slope of the plane. A passive motion has the distinction of being "natural" and is likely to enjoy energy optimality. Investigation of such motions may potentially lead us to strategies useful for controlling active walking machines. In this paper we demonstrate that the nonlinear dynamics of a simple passive "compass gait" biped robot can exhibit periodic and stable limit cycle. Kinematically the robot is identical to a double pendulum (or its variations such as the Acrobot and the Pendubot). Simulation results also reveal the existence of a stable gait with unequal step lengths. We also present an active control scheme which enlarges the basin of attraction of the passive limit cycle.
A subwavelength near-infrared negative index material (2008)

A metal-dielectric based near-infrared negative index material is demonstrated. The negative index calculated from a single layer of this structure is verified by band calculations to be a bulk property. Full-wave simulations of a prism made of the structure show negative refraction.
2017 Year in Review and Message from the Editors to Our Reviewers (2018)

The February issue of Neurology® Genetics again starts off with a review of articles that our editors found interesting in Neurology: Genetics and other journals over the course of 2017. It is a collection of articles from different walks of the genetics field, introduced with a brief commentary that should encourage the reader to delve further into the details of the topic.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligoribonucleotides of Defined Sequence (1987)

A plasmid DNA vector is described that is suitable for cloning synthetic DNA sequences. These cloned synthetic DNA sequences can be transcribed in vitro to produce oligoribonucleotides of defined sequence. Transcription is directed by a promoter based on the consensus sequence for Escherichia coli promoters and uses E. coli RNA polymerase. The vector is useful for cloning oligodeoxyribonucleotides of mixed sequences, the individual sequences being resolved by transformation and colony selection. Oligoribonucleotide synthesis from the vector is highly specific. Application of these sequences in hybridization experiments is demonstrated.
Biochemical Large-Scale Interaction Analysis of Murine Olfactory Receptors and Associated Signaling Proteins with Post-Synaptic Density 95, Drosophila Discs Large, Zona-Occludens 1 (PDZ) Domains (2015)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family among mammalian membrane proteins and are capable of initiating numerous essential signaling cascades. Various GPCR-mediated pathways are organized into protein microdomains that can be orchestrated and regulated through scaffolding proteins, such as PSD-95/discs-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domain proteins. However, detailed binding characteristics of PDZ-GPCR interactions remain elusive because these interactions seem to be more complex than previously thought. To address this issue, we analyzed binding modalities using our established model system. This system includes the 13 individual PDZ domains of the multiple PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1; the largest PDZ protein), a broad range of murine olfactory receptors (a multifaceted gene cluster within the family of GPCRs), and associated olfactory signaling proteins. These proteins were analyzed in a large-scale peptide microarray approach and continuative interaction studies. As a result, we demonstrate that canonical binding motifs were not overrepresented among the interaction partners of MUPP1. Furthermore, C-terminal phosphorylation and distinct amino acid replacements abolished PDZ binding promiscuity. In addition to the described in vitro experiments, we identified new interaction partners within the murine olfactory epithelium using pull-down-based interactomics and could verify the partners through co-immunoprecipitation. In summary, the present study provides important insight into the complexity of the binding characteristics of PDZ-GPCR interactions based on olfactory signaling proteins, which could identify novel clinical targets for GPCR-associated diseases in the future.
OR31-6 Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function in Patients with Primary Aldosteronism (2019)

Insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function are primary determinants of glucose tolerance. Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with increased risk for glucose intolerance. However, its effects on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function have shown mixed results. In this study, we compared indices of insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in patients from two cohorts: subjects with PA (n=25) and essential hypertension control (EHC) subjects. The EHC controls (n=25) were similar in age and BMI range, gender composition (female, n=14), and number of subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=3). Group comparisons were performed after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI; data is presented as unadjusted mean ± SD. As expected, the PA group show lower potassium concentrations compared to the EHC group, as well as elevated aldosterone and reduced renin levels. Mean arterial pressure was not significantly different between the groups (PA:100.6 ± 11.7, EHC: 96.7 ± 15.5 mm Hg, p=0.22). The area under the curve (AUC) for insulin during an OGTT, but not glucose, was higher in the PA group (insulin AUC: 14831 ± 9545 vs. 8582 ± 4948, μU/mL∙min, p<0.05). Whole-body and hepatic insulin sensitivity were determined using surrogate indices and oral minimal model (SIMM) analysis. PA individuals were found to be less insulin sensitive compared to EHC subjects (Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI): 0.337 ± 0.035 vs. 0.367 ± 0.062, p<0.001; Matsuda Index: 3.98 ± 2.33 vs. 7.24 ± 6.50, p<0.001; and SIMM: 1.01x10-3 ± 2.01x10-3 vs. 1.87x10-3 ± 2.71x10-3, min-1 per μU/mL, p=0.08). The hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) was significantly higher in PA individuals (HIRI: 5.62 ± 4.52 vs. 4.02 ± 2.78, mg/dL∙ μU/mL ∙ 106, p<0.001), suggesting decreased hepatic insulin sensitivity. Insulinogenic index (IGI), a measure of β -cell function is calculated as change in insulin concentrations divided by change in glucose from 0 to 30 min (ΔI0-30/ΔG0-30). IGI was slightly higher in the PA cohort (169 ± 150 vs. 124 ± 122, pmol/mmol, p=0.06). Oral disposition index (DI), a marker of integrated islet β-cell function, is the product of insulin secretion and sensitivity derived from OGTT. DI was similar between the groups (561 ± 434 vs. 605 ± 517, p=0.80). This accounts for the similar glucose tolerance between the groups. In summary, insulin sensitivity is significantly lower in PA and is accompanied by a compensatory increase in β-cell function. These results suggest that excess aldosterone and/or other steroids in the context of PA may negatively affect insulin action without adversely impacting beta-cell function.
Multicarbocycle Formation Mediated by Arenoporphyrin 1,4-Diradicals: Synthesis of Picenoporphyrins (2001)

Bergman-Cyclisierung von 2,3-Dialkinyl-meso-tetraphenylporphyrin und anschließende 1,4-Diradikal-vermittelte C-C-Kupplung zwischen benachbarten meso-Phenylringen führten zur Bildung eines unerwarteten, an der Porphyrinperipherie anellierten Multicarbocyclus. Die Stammmoleküle (1; R=Bu, H, Ph) mit ausgedehntem π-Elektronensystem werden beschrieben und werden, wegen ihrer [5]Phenacen-Struktur, als Picenoporphyrine bezeichnet.
Mechanisms of sensitivity and natural resistance to antifolates in a methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma. (1991)

A methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma that can be propagated in vitro or in vivo was evaluated for resistance to antifolates and was found to be relatively resistant to methotrexate and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin but sensitive to trimetrexate. Rat sarcoma cell extracts contained low levels of dihydrofolate reductase activity, the target enzyme of methotrexate, and inhibition of this enzyme by these three antifolates was similar. Transport studies showed poor uptake of both methotrexate and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin. In contrast, trimetrexate achieved high intracellular levels. The poor uptake of methotrexate was not due to lack of polyglutamylation. Thus, the basis for natural resistance to methotrexate and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin, compared with trimetrexate, in this rat sarcoma cell line was due to decreased transport of these drugs.
Generalised vector fitting algorithm for macromodelling of passive electronic components (2005)

A popular rational broadband macromodelling algorithm, called vector fitting, is generalised to also include frequency derivatives of the spectral data samples. The use of higher-order frequency derivatives can significantly reduce the overall computational cost of the simulation and modelling process.
Depth Dependent In-Plane Shear Properties of the Corneal Stroma (2010)

The popularity of refractive surgery to correct the vision of individuals with hyperopia or myopia is increasing. These procedures alter the tissue of the human cornea to cause a change in curvature (refractive power) of the cornea. Radial keratotomy, photorefractive keratectomy, LASIK, and LASEK are all types of refractive surgery. The outcomes of refractive surgical procedures must depend significantly on the biomechanical response of the tissue and therefore on the biomechanical properties of the cornea, or more specifically the corneal stroma which makes up 90% of the tissue. The missing link between computer models of these procedures and predicting patient outcomes is the biomechanical properties of the tissue, including shear modulus. This study aims to characterize the in-plane shear modulus of the corneal stroma through the depth by mechanical testing. Scant data, if any, exists about the shear stiffness and no data includes depth dependence. The stroma consists of sheets of collagenous lamellae in which fibrils are maintained at uniform spacing by glycoaminoglycan molecules. Studies have shown increased interweaving of the lamellae in the anterior third of the stroma compared to the central and posterior thirds [1]. Figure 1 shows the distinct interweaving in the anterior third [2]. It is hypothesized that more interweaving lamellae increases the in-plane shear stiffness. The shear modulus of the full cornea, as well as individual thirds, is examined in this study.
Design of 19-Core Multicore Fibers for High Density Optical Wiring (2022)

A design suitable for 19-core multicore fibers for high density optical wiring is investigated. Design of reduced cladding 19-core MCF with 175 µm cladding diameter is obtained by using optimized trench-assisted core.
Intravenous delivery of the toll-like receptor 7 agonist SC1 confers tumor control by inducing a CD8+ T cell response (2019)

TLR7 agonists are considered promising drugs for cancer therapy. The currently available compounds are not well tolerated when administered intravenously and therefore are restricted to disease settings amenable for topical application. Here we present the preclinical characterization of SC1, a novel synthetic agonist with exquisite specificity for TLR7. We found that intravenously administered SC1 mediates systemic release of type I interferon, but not of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL6, and results in activation of circulating immune cells. Tumors of SC1-treated mice have brisk immune cell infiltrates and are polarized towards a Th1 type signature. Intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and CD11b<sup>+</sup> conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are significantly increased, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are strongly activated and macrophages are M1 phenotype polarized, whereas myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are decreased. We further show that treatment of mice with SC1 profoundly inhibits the growth of established syngeneic tumors and results in significantly prolonged survival. Mice, which are tumor-free after SC1 treatment are protected from subsequent tumor rechallenge. The antitumor effect of SC1 depends on antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, which we found to be strongly enriched in the tumors of SC1-treated mice. In conclusion, this study shows that systemically administered SC1 mobilizes innate and adaptive immunity and is highly potent as single agent in mice and thereby provides a rationale for clinical testing of this compound.
Functional and molecular characterization of interleukin‐2 transgenic Ewing tumor cells for in vivo immunotherapy (2004)

Next to a high degree of homogeneity between transgenic and wild type cells, our data suggest that irradiated IL-2-tg ET cells can activate cytolytic effector cells. These cells may have therapeutic potential for ET patients.
In Vitro Transcription Using HeLa Cell Extracts and Primer Extension (2009)

INTRODUCTION Primer extension is a popular method for measuring transcription. Among the methods for start-site mapping in vivo, it is the one most easily adapted for in vitro transcription. Typically, DNA templates bearing activator binding sites are co-incubated with nuclear extracts (which provide the general transcription factors) and the corresponding activators to synthesize mRNA. In some cases, the activator is present in the extract (e.g., Sp1) and templates lacking or containing sites are compared. In the primer extension assay, a 32 P-end-labeled DNA oligonucleotide is annealed to a complementary region in the mRNA and then extended by a reverse transcriptase to the 5′ end of the mRNA. The resulting labeled cDNA is then fractionated and detected on a polyacrylamide/urea gel. The amount of the product is a measure of the transcriptional activation by the activators. Generally, the addition of 0.1 pmol of primer to the extension reaction is sufficient because it will be in vast excess over the amount of mRNA, facilitating quantitative primer hybridization and extension.
GLP-1 based multi-agonists-induced signaling includes profound TRP channel involvement in insulin secretion (2017)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Effects of using a 3D model on the performance of vision algorithms (2015)

In previous work, we have shown how a 3D model can be built in real time and synchronized with the environment. This world model permits a robot to predict dynamics in its environment and classify behaviors. In this paper we evaluate the effect of such a 3D model on the accuracy and speed of various computer vision algorithms, including tracking, optical flow and stereo disparity. We report results based on the KITTI database and on our own videos.
A profluorescent nitroxide probe for ascorbic acid detection and its application to quantitative analysis of diabetic rat plasma (2016)

15-((9-(Ethylimino)-10-methyl-9<italic>H</italic>benzo[<italic>a</italic>]phenoxazin-5-yl)amino)-3,11-dioxa-7-azadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecan-7-yloxyl, (Nile-DiPy) has been synthesized and examined as an off–on profluorescent nitroxide probe for measuring ascorbic acid in plasma.
DNA−Protein Cross-Linking:  Model Systems for Pyrimidine−Aromatic Amino Acid Cross-Linking (2006)

[reaction: see text] We have synthesized simple model systems to explore the possibility of photo-cross-linking between the pyrimidine bases and the side chains of the aromatic amino acids. Thymine/phenylalanine and thymine/tyrosine models gave cross-links, and thymine/tryptophan models gave complex mixtures; the cytosine/phenylalanine model was unreactive. The quantum yields for the model cross-linking reactions were 18-46 times smaller than those for thymine dimer formation. Biphotonic excitation contributes little to the yield of these reactions.
Optical-fiber delay line signal processing (1984)

Optical-fiber delay line devices offer great potential1 for the processing of broadband signals due to the large modulation bandwidth and low loss of the optical fiber itself, which for the case of single-mode fiber can have values of the order of 100 GHz-km and fractional dB/km, respectively. Signals to be processed are intensity modulated onto optical carriers, and the processed output signals are obtained by detection after the optical signals traverse the optical fiber circuitry. This paper is intended to provide a general overview of the elementary forms of fiber circuitry that are useful for signal processing as well as the complex filters and systems that they Gan be used to construct.
Genetic Drivers of Kidney Defects in the DiGeorge Syndrome (2017)

We identified a recurrent 370-kb deletion at the 22q11.2 locus as a driver of kidney defects in the DiGeorge syndrome and in sporadic congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Of the nine genes at this locus, SNAP29, AIFM3, and CRKL appear to be critical to the phenotype, with haploinsufficiency of CRKL emerging as the main genetic driver. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
An entropy reduction approach to continual testing (2021)

SIR (Susceptible, Infected or Recovered) stochastic network models are commonly used to describe the progression of epidemics inside a network. A task of interest in epidemiology is to use these models to estimate the state evolution, both at an individual as well as a population level. In this paper, we propose using continual testing to improve the state estimation at the individual level. Our testing is inspired from entropy reduction principles and requires only a small number of tests.
A 25 Gb/s, 4.4 V-Swing, AC-Coupled Ring Modulator-Based WDM Transmitter with Wavelength Stabilization in 65 nm CMOS (2015)

Silicon photonics devices offer promising solution to meet the growing bandwidth demands of next-generation interconnects. This paper presents a 5 × 25 Gb/s carrier-depletion microring-based wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmitter in 65 nm CMOS. An AC-coupled differential driver is proposed to realize 4 × VDD output swing as well as tunable DC-biasing. The proposed transmitter incorporates 2-tap asymmetric pre-emphasis to effectively cancel the optical nonlinearity of the ring modulator. An average-power-based dynamic wavelength stabilization loop is also demonstrated to compensate for thermal induced resonant wavelength drift. At 25 Gb/s operation, each transmitter channel consumes 113.5 mW and maintains 7 dB extinction ratio with a 4.4 V pp-diff output swing in the presence of thermal fluctuations.