gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber-optic localization by geometric space coding with a two-dimensional gray code (2005)

With the objective of monitoring motion within a room, we segment the two-dimensional (2D) floor space into discrete cells and encode each cell with a binary code word generated by a fiber. We design a set of k-neighbor-local codes to localize an extended object and, particularly when k = 2, employ a 2D gray code to localize a human by tracking his or her footsteps. Methods for implementing the codes in a fiber web are discussed, and we demonstrate the experimental result with the fiber mat. The observed system performance confirms the theoretical analysis. The space coding technique is a promising low-cost candidate not only for human tracking but also for other applications such as human gait analysis.
Monitoring Displacement by a Quadrature Self-Injection-Locked Radar With Measurement- and Differential-Based Offset Calibration Methods (2018)

This paper presents a system for remotely monitoring the displacement of a moving target. The quadrature selfinjection-locked (QSIL) radar uses an additional phase shifter to the traditional SIL radar to repeatedly switch the phase delay of injection signals between 0° and 90°. Hence, it can be utilized to determine the displacement of the moving target without the distortion due to large injection angles. Moreover, this paper proposes the measurement- and differential-based methods to calibrate dc and phase offsets before arctangent demodulation is performed to extract the displacement information. In the experiments, a 2.4-GHz prototype was implemented to detect the moving metal plate with various peak-to-peak displacements from 0.25 to 5 cm, which are 0.02× to 0.4× the operating wavelength, with a root-mean-square error of less than 1.5%. Also, the prototype was verified to detect the cardiopulmonary activities of a seated subject.
Compressive video sensors using multichannel imagers (2010)

We explore the possibilities of obtaining compression in video through modified sampling strategies using multichannel imaging systems. The redundancies in video streams are exploited through compressive sampling schemes to achieve low power and low complexity video sensors. The sampling strategies as well as the associated reconstruction algorithms are discussed. These compressive sampling schemes could be implemented in the focal plane readout hardware resulting in drastic reduction in data bandwidth and computational complexity.
Antibacterial activity of flavanone isolated from Sophora exigua against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its combination with antibiotics (1995)

Abstract 5,7,2′,4′‐Tetrahydroxy‐8‐lavandulyl‐flavanone, isolated from Sophora exigua , completely inhibited the growth of 21 strains of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at concentrations of 3.13–6.25 μg/mL. The anti‐MRSA effect was based on bactericidal action. In combinations of the flavanone with vancomycin, minocycline and rifampicin, the fractional inhibitory concentration indices were 0.90, 0.88 and 0.85, respectively, indicating partial synergistic effects with anti‐MRSA antibiotics. The proposed flavanone would be a potent phytotherapeutic agent against MRSA infections.
[A Case of Primary Hepatic Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma]. (2022)

A 74-year-old man with no chronic liver disease was admitted for an incidental liver tumor by computed tomography. Serological examinations for hepatitis B and C virus were negative and tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen, α-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, were within the normal range. The contrast- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the 26 mm in diameter patchy tumor occupied the S7 in the liver. The tumor boundary was enhanced slightly in the arterial phase and inside gradually in the portal phase, and the enhancement was faded in the late phase. As a characteristic finding, vessels penetrated the tumor. The tumor was diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma, and the patient underwent right lateral sectionectomy. After 19 days postoperatively, the patient was discharged. The diagnosis of hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma was made by pathological examination. Currently, the patient has no recurrence for 5 months without adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary hepatic MALT lymphoma is a rare disease among primary hepatic malignant lymphomas. The patient must be followed up carefully because 2 cases were reported as recurrent cases after several years postoperatively although the disease has a good prognosis.
Rich Azimuth Dual Triple-Source Simultaneous Shooting West of Shetland (2019)

Summary We discuss the survey planning and provide results from a marine acquisition conducted northwest of the Shetland Islands. The survey was designed to image multiple targets from shallow Tertiary and Cretaceous plays, through to complex fractured Devono-Carboniferous reservoirs. Marine acquisitions are typically conducted along the direction of structural dip. In this case, this was not possible due to the proximity of the survey to the Shetland Islands. In an attempt to address this problem, triple sources were deployed to decrease the spacing between inlines and improve sampling along the structural dip direction. In addition, a second vessel was deployed broadside in a rich-azimuth configuration to increase offset coverage in the y-direction and to help undershoot sills and dykes present in the area. Activating so many sources sequentially would significantly decrease fold and increase noise levels of the data. After careful scenario testing and de-risking, which involved blending and deblending conventional data in various ways, the decision was made to acquire the data with simultaneous shooting. Data after deblending and depth imaging highlight the benefits provided by this rich-azimuth approach.
GCM-SIV (2015)

Authenticated encryption schemes guarantee both privacy and integrity, and have become the default level of encryption in modern protocols. One of the most popular authenticated encryption schemes today is AES-GCM due to its impressive speed. The current CAESAR competition is considering new modes for authenticated encryption that will improve on existing methods. One property of importance that is being considered more today -- due to multiple real-life cases of faulty sources of randomness -- is that repeating nonces and IVs can have disastrous effects on security. A (full) nonce misuse-resistant authenticated encryption scheme has the property that if the same nonce is used to encrypt the same message twice, then the same ciphertext is obtained and so the fact that the same message was encrypted is detected. Otherwise, full security is obtained -- even if the same nonce is used for different messages. In this paper, we present a new fully nonce misuse-resistant authenticated encryption scheme that is based on carefully combining the GCM building blocks into the SIV paradigm of Rogaway and Shrimpton. We provide a full proof of security of our scheme, and an optimized implementation using the AES-NI and PCLMULQDQ instruction sets. We compare our performance to the highly optimized OpenSSL 1.0.2 implementation of GCM and show that our nonce misuse-resistant scheme is only 14% slower on Haswell architecture and 19% slower on Broadwell architecture. On Broadwell, GCM-SIV encryption takes only 0.92 cycles per byte, and GCM-SIV decryption is exactly the same as GCM decryption taking only 0.77 cycles per byte. In addition, we compare to other optimized authenticated-encryption implementations carried out by Bogdanov et al., and conclude that our mode is very competitive. Beyond being very fast, our new mode of operation uses the same building blocks as GCM and so existing hardware and software can be utilized to easily deploy GCM-SIV. We conclude that GCM-SIV is a viable alternative to GCM, providing full nonce misuse-resistance at little cost.
Preparation and characterization of NaInO2 and NaInS2 (2000)

NaInO2 and NaInS2 with α-NaFeO2 layer type structure have been prepared and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to clarify the role of the anions in the electronic structures of the compounds. The In 3d5/2 binding energy for both compounds was the same, though the Na 1s binding energy of NaInO2 was larger than that of NaInS2 by 0.4 eV. The change in the Na Auger parameter, defined as the sum of Na 1s binding energy and KLL Auger kinetic energy, suggests that the difference in extra-atomic relaxation energy between the compounds causes the Na 1s binding energy shift. Discrete variational-Xα model cluster calculations for NaInO2 and NaInS2 mirrored the experimental valence band spectra and the difference of 0.5 eV in optical absorption energy of the compounds. The cluster calculation revealed that in NaInO2 the highest occupied level is formed by an antibonding Na–O bond, whereas that in NaInS2 is formed by a bonding Na–S bond. The covalent Na–S bond decreases the extra-atomic relaxation energy for Na 1s electron emission from NaInS2.
Supplementary Table 11 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Aggressive Gastric Cancer Phenotypes via Heat Shock Factor 1–Mediated Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patient data and expression levels of genes from the mCAF_up_sig and mCAF_down_sig of triple-transgenic gastric cancer mice&lt;/p&gt;
A Phase I/II Trial of HER2 Vaccine–Primed Autologous T-Cell Infusions in Patients with Treatment Refractory HER2–Overexpressing Breast Cancer (2023)

Adoptive transfer of HER2 vaccine-primed T cells was feasible, was associated with minimal toxicity, and resulted in an increased overall survival in responding patients. See related commentary by Crosby et al., p. 3256.
Impact of pathologic tumor characteristics in patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. (2011)

343 Background: Patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) are known to have a poor prognosis and response to therapy. We sought to determine the influence of pathologic tumor characteristics on outcome in order to aid clinical management. Methods: A single center database was reviewed from 1989-2009 to identify all patients with sRCC. Clinical and staging variables were collected and pathologic information including histology, necrosis, percentage of sarcomatoid features (PSF), and microvascular invasion (MVI) was recorded. Influence of clinicopathologic variables on outcome was assessed. Results: A total of 104 patients had confirmed sRCC. The median size of tumors was 9.5 cm (range 2.5-30), 65% of patients had areas of clear cell RCC, and 69.2% had metastatic disease at presentation. The PSF did not influence tumor size, stage, necrosis, MVI, nodes, or metastasis. A total of 85 patients (81.7%) died during the follow-up period with a median survival of 5.9 months. In the overall cohort poor performance status, metastatic disease, and MVI were independent predictors of poor survival. Increased PSF was associated with worse outcome, but it failed to reach significance on multivariate analysis. In a subset analysis of those with non-metastatic disease, MVI and non-clear histology influenced prognosis, but only PSF was the only predictor of outcome. Conclusions: The PSF has limited influence on pathologic characteristics. However, increased PSF amounts may impact survival, especially in those with non-metastatic disease. The presence of MVI is an independent predictor of poor outcome while carcinoma grade and subtype have limited impact on survival. When counseling patients or designing clinical trials for these patients, PSF and MVI, not carcinoma grade or subtype should be considered. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Band-gap separation in InGaN epilayers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1998)

Two energetically-separated resonance structures were found in photoreflectance (PR) spectra of three-dimensional InxGa1−xN epilayers (0.05⩽x⩽0.2) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Energy difference between the two structures was nearly constant about 50 meV for all x examined. The broadening parameter of each structure was nearly independent of x (∼50 meV), indicating that each separated region has rather homogeneous net potential fluctuation. The photoluminescence (PL) peak energy agreed with the resonance energy of the lower-energy PR structure, showing nearly zero Stokes-like shift at room temperature. Observation of a single PL peak indicated that photoexcited carriers were effectively corrected into the separated regions having lower PR resonance energy.
Systematic discovery of genetic modulation by Jumonji histone demethylases in Drosophila (2017)

Jumonji (JmjC) domain proteins influence gene expression and chromatin organization by way of histone demethylation, which provides a means to regulate the activity of genes across the genome. JmjC proteins have been associated with many human diseases including various cancers, developmental and neurological disorders, however, the shared biology and possible common contribution to organismal development and tissue homeostasis of all JmjC proteins remains unclear. Here, we systematically tested the function of all 13 Drosophila JmjC genes. Generation of molecularly defined null mutants revealed that loss of 8 out of 13 JmjC genes modify position effect variegation (PEV) phenotypes, consistent with their ascribed role in regulating chromatin organization. However, most JmjC genes do not critically regulate development, as 10 members are viable and fertile with no obvious developmental defects. Rather, we find that different JmjC mutants specifically alter the phenotypic outcomes in various sensitized genetic backgrounds. Our data demonstrate that, rather than controlling essential gene expression programs, Drosophila JmjC proteins generally act to "fine-tune" different biological processes.
Three Column Contact Patterns for Spinal Cord Stimulation Offer Selective Dorsal Column Fiber Activation (2006)

Neurosurgery: August 2006 - Volume 59 - Issue 2 - p 470-471 doi: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000309900.44563.A2
Predicting Response to Interleukin-2 Therapy Among Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (2005)

From the Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California. Received for publication March 20, 2005; accepted March 31, 2005. Reprints: Arie S. Belldegrun, MD, Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 66-118 CHS, Box 951738, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1738 (e-mail: [email protected]).
Indirect effect of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production is dominant, even with hyperglucagonemia. (1997)

Suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) is one of insulin's primary metabolic effects and failure of this action is a major contributor to fasting hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Classically, insulin was thought to suppress the liver directly, via hyperinsulinemia in the portal vein. Recently, however, we and others have demonstrated that at least part, and possibly most of insulin's action to suppress EGP is normally mediated via an extrahepatic (i.e., indirect) mechanism. We have suggested that this mechanism involves insulin suppression of adipocyte lipolysis, leading to lowered FFA and reduced EGP ("Single Gateway Hypothesis"). Previous studies of the indirect insulin effect from this laboratory were done under conditions of lowered portal glucagon. Because of the possibility that the direct (i.e., portal) effect of insulin may have been underestimated with hypoglucagonemia, these studies examined the relative importance of portal insulin, versus peripheral insulin (administered at one-half the dose to equalize peripheral insulin levels) at four rates of portal glucagon infusion: 0, 0.65 (under-), 1.5 (basal-), and 3.0 ng/kg per min (over-replacement). Portal versus peripheral insulin suppressed steady-state EGP to the same extent (52%), confirming that the primary effect of insulin to suppress EGP is via the peripheral mechanism. This conclusion was maintained regardless of portal glucagonemia, although there was some evidence for an increase in the direct insulin effect at hyperglucagonemia. The indirect effect of insulin is the primary mechanism of steady-state EGP suppression under normal conditions. The direct effect increases with hyperglucagonemia; however, the indirect effect remains predominant even under those conditions.
Estimation of Treatment Effects in Randomized Trials with Noncompliance and a Dichotomous Outcome (2004)

We propose a class of estimators of the treatment effect on a dichotomous outcome among the treated subjects within covariate and treatment arm strata in randomized trials with non-compliance. Recent articles by Vansteelandt and Goethebeur (2003) and Robins and Rotnitzky (2004) have presented consistent and asymptotically linear estimators of a causal odds ratio, which rely, beyond correct specification of a model for the causal odds ratio, on a correctly specified model for a potentially high dimensional nuisance parameter. In this article we propose consistent, asymptotically linear and locally efficient estimators of a causal relative risk and a new parameter -- called a switch causal relative risk -- which only rely on the correct specification of a model for the parameter of interest. As in Vansteelandt and Goethebeur (2003) and Robins and Rotnitzky (2004) our estimators are always consistent, asymptotically linear at the null hypothesis of no-treatment effect, thereby providing valid testing procedures. We examine the finite sample properties of these instrumental variable-based estimators and the associated testing procedures in simulations and a data analysis of decaffeinated coffee consumption and miscarriage.
<title>Three-dimensional photorefractive signal processing for radar applications</title> (1995)

A photorefractive crystal can be used as a three-dimensionally parallel array of multipliers. In writing the photorefractive gratings, the crystal performs the operation of multiplying the inputs and integrating the resulting products. In readout the photorefractive crystal multiplies the inputs with the stored gratings. The three dimensional array of multipliers is only accessible from the two-dimensional faces. This restricts us to using the photorefractive crystal for outer- products in writing to the full three dimensions of parallelism and inner products in reading out the three dimensions, when we are using a single wavelength system. We have explored issues in using the full three dimensions of parallelism in the real time volume holograph for signal processing applications. These issues are illustrated with our successful implementation of a high-bandwidth large phased-array radar processing system. This example system leads to a new algorithm for processing phased-array-radar data, which has a great advantage in hardware complexity over the classic Widrow algorithm and leads to a significant hardware savings for true-time-delay phased-array-radar control systems.
The Solution Structures of Two Soybean Calmodulin Isoforms Provide a Structural Basis for Their Selective Target Activation Properties (2008)

The intracellular calcium ion is one of the most important secondary messengers in eukaryotic cells. Ca(2+) signals are translated into physiological responses by EF-hand calcium-binding proteins such as calmodulin (CaM). Multiple CaM isoforms occur in plant cells, whereas only a single CaM protein is found in animals. Soybean CaM isoform 1 (sCaM1) shares 90% amino acid sequence identity with animal CaM (aCaM), whereas sCaM4 is only 78% identical. These two sCaM isoforms have distinct target-enzyme activation properties and physiological functions. sCaM4 is highly expressed during the self-defense reaction of the plant and activates the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), whereas sCaM1 is incapable of activating NOS. The mechanism of selective target activation by plant CaM isoforms is poorly understood. We have determined high resolution NMR solution structures of Ca(2+)-sCaM1 and -sCaM4. These were compared with previously determined Ca(2+)-aCaM structures. For the N-lobe of the protein, the solution structures of Ca(2+)-sCaM1, -sCaM4, and -aCaM all closely resemble each other. However, despite the high sequence identity with aCaM, the C-lobe of Ca(2+)-sCaM1 has a more open conformation and consequently a larger hydrophobic target-protein binding pocket than Ca(2+)-aCaM or -sCaM4, the presence of which was further confirmed through biophysical measurements. The single Val-144 --> Met substitution in the C-lobe of Ca(2+)-sCaM1, which restores its ability to activate NOS, alters the structure of the C-lobe to a more closed conformation resembling Ca(2+)-aCaM and -sCaM4. The relationships between the structural differences in the two Ca(2+)-sCaM isoforms and their selective target activation properties are discussed.
Synthesis and mass spectrometry characterization of centrally and terminally amine‐functionalized polyisobutylenes (2005)

Abstract This article reports the facile synthesis of novel terminally and centrally functionalized polyisobutylenes (PIBs) and the detailed characterization of the products by various mass spectrometry techniques. Specifically, HPIBCH 2 C(OH)CH 3 CH 2 NHCH 3 and [HPIBCH 2 CH(OH)CH 3 CH 2 ] 2 NCH 3 were synthesized by the quantitative epoxidation of HPIBCH 2 C(CH 3 )CH 2 and the subsequent conversion of the resulting epoxide with excess CH 3 NH 2 . Quaternization with CH 3 Cl of these mixtures of secondary and tertiary amines yielded exclusively HPIBCH 2 C(OCH 3 )CH 3 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 from the secondary amine, whereas the tertiary (centrally functionalized) amine remained unchanged. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments provided unique insight into the precise connectivity of the functional end groups added to the PIB frame. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 946–958, 2005
Towards semantic knowledge propagation from text corpus to web images (2011)

In this paper, we study the problem of transfer learning from text to images in the context of network data in which link based bridges are available to transfer the knowledge between the different domains. The problem of classification of image data is often much more challenging than text data because of the following two reasons: (a) Labeled text data is very widely available for classification purposes. On the other hand, this is often not the case for image data, in which a lot of images are available from many sources, but many of them are often not labeled. (b) The image features are not directly related to semantic concepts inherent in class labels. On the other hand, since text data tends to have natural semantic interpretability (because of their human origins), they are often more directly related to class labels. Therefore, the relationships between the images and text features also provide additional hints for the classification process in terms of the image feature transformations which provide the most effective results.