gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The glycome (2005)

Microbial cell surface glycans in the form of glycolipids and glycoproteins frequently play important roles in cell-cell interaction and host immune responses. Given the likely importance of these surface structures in the survival and pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni, a concerted effort has been made to characterise these determinants genetically and structurally since the genome was sequenced in 2000. We review the considerable progress made in characterising the Campylobacter glycome including the lipooligosaccharide (LOS), the capsule and O- and N-linked protein glycosylation systems, and speculate on the roles played by glycan surface structures in the life-cycle of C. jejuni.
Syngas Capable Combustion Systems Development for Advanced Gas Turbines (2006)

In the age of volatile and ever increasing natural gas fuel prices, strict new emission regulations and technological advancements, modern IGCC plants are the answer to growing market demands for efficient and environmentally friendly power generation. IGCC technology allows the use of low cost opportunity fuels, such as coal, of which there is a more than a 200-year supply in the U.S., and refinery residues, such as petroleum coke and residual oil. Future IGCC plants are expected to be more efficient and have a potential to be a lower cost solution to future CO2 and mercury regulations compared to the direct coal fired steam plants. Siemens has more than 300,000 hours of successful IGCC plant operational experience on a variety of heavy duty gas turbine models in Europe and the U.S. The gas turbines involved range from SGT5-2000E to SGT6-3000E (former designations are shown on Table 1). Future IGCC applications will extend this experience to the SGT5-4000F and SGT6-4000F/5000F/6000G gas turbines. In the currently operating Siemens’ 60 Hz fleet, the SGT6-5000F gas turbine has the most operating engines and the most cumulative operating hours. Over the years, advancements have increased its performance and decreased its emissions and life cycle costs without impacting reliability. Development has been initiated to verify its readiness for future IGCC application including syngas combustion system testing. Similar efforts are planned for the SGT6-6000G and SGT5-4000F/SGT6-4000F models. This paper discusses the extensive development programs that have been carried out to demonstrate that target emissions and engine operability can be achieved on syngas operation in advanced F-class 50 Hz and 60 Hz gas turbine based IGCC applications.
Trial Manufacturing of a Large-scale Lithium Ion Battery for Power Storage (2000)

With the aim of developing 1 kWh class lithium ion batteries with long life and high efficiencies, we trial manufactured batteries that were fabricated using LiCoO2 and natural graphite as cathode and anode active materials, respectively with 1 mo1 dm−3 LiPF6 or LiBF4 dissolved in EC/DEC as an electrolyte. The construction of the batteries was based on the results of fundamental research done to elucidate the problems encountered with previous models. We achieved 543 cycles with high efficiencies with the 4th battery, exceeding the initial target of 500 cycles. The life and efficiencies of the 4th battery exceed those of large-scale lead storage batteries commercially available. It was noteworthy that engineering factors such as uniform impregnation of the electrolyte into the electrode laminates and maintenance of homogeneous conditions of laminates by the control of expansion and contraction during charge and discharge phases, respectively, were very important for the long life of large-scale lithium ion batteries.
The LysM receptor kinase CERK1 mediates bacterial perception in Arabidopsis (2009)

Plants use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) and initiate defence responses. PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) plays an important role in general resistance, and constrains the growth of most microbes on plants. Despite the importance of PRRs in plant immunity, the vast majority of them remain to be identified. We recently showed that the Arabidopsis LysM receptor kinase CERK1 is required not only for chitin signalling and fungal resistance, but plays an essential role in restricting bacterial growth on plants. We proposed that CERK1 may mediate the perception of a bacterial PAMP, or an endogenous plant cell wall component released during infection, through its extracellular carbohydrate-binding LysM-motifs. Here we report reduced activation of a PAMP-induced defence response on plants lacking the CERK1 gene after treatment with crude bacterial extracts. This demonstrates that CERK1 mediates perception of an unknown bacterial PAMP in Arabidopsis.
Radioimmunotherapy of Solid Tumors: A Review "Of Mice and Men" (1997)

Radioimmunotherapy in lymphoma is crossing the threshold to become a standard mode of treatment. Whereas in solid tumors in preclinical studies, radioimmunotherapy has proven to be superior to conventional chemotherapy, clinical success is still limited. The purpose of this brief review is to analyze recent developments in preclinical as well as clinical radioimmunotherapy of solid, CEA-expressing tumors. Advances in experimental radioimmunotherapy are characterized by the development of metastatic, rather than subcutaneous, tumor models in nude mice, which seem to reflect the actual clinical situation much more accurately. Furthermore, the recent development of strategies to reduce the renal accretion of antibody fragments and peptides enables the use of such smaller molecules for therapy, especially those also labeled with radiometals and other forms of intracellularly retained radionuclides. Recent developments in clinical radioimmunotherapy are characterized by a trend toward the treatment of small-volume and micrometastatic disease, as is the case, e.g., in adjuvant settings. Interestingly, despite dramatic differences in size, weight and percent-of-injected-dose-per-gram uptake values, only small differences between animal models and the actual patient situation exist with respect to activity concentrations (in microCi/gram) in the tumors and tissues. Because the activity concentration over time determines the radiation absorbed dose, and thus biological effects, we postulate that animal models should be able to predict actual clinical scenarios fairly well. These findings could be used as guidelines in the design of future preclinical, as well as clinical, trials.
Development of Functionally Graded SiC-Based Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Filter (2019)

The development of a SiC-carbide based filter that combines a low pressure drop due to a graded pore structure with high filtration performance ascribed to different filtration mechanism is presented. The processing route is based on carbon paper/carbon black composites with graded porosity. By microwave assisted chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) the composite is coated with silicon and partially carbidized in a way, that the oxidation resistivity of the obtained SiC is combined with the good mechanical strength of the remaining carbon fiber core. To reduce the soot removal temperature during operation, the material is coated with a Platinum/TiO2-catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinuclear Complexes Derivatives of N,N′‐Ethylenebis(2‐hydroxyacetophenoneimine)(mesalen) and 1,3‐Bis‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3‐propanedione(bhppH3). The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Cu(mesalen)Zn(bhppH2)2. (1987)

Abstract The 1:1 molar reaction of the Schiff base complexes (I) with the bis(diketonato) complexes (II) leads to the formation of the heterobinuclear complexes (III) in which M1 is four‐coordinated and M2 six‐coordinated.
Abstract 5452: Cancer-associated metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate accumulates in AML with IDH1/2 mutations (2010)

Abstract Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), are present in most gliomas and secondary glioblastomas, but are rare in other neoplasms. IDH1/2 mutations are heterozygous, and affect a single arginine residue. Recently, IDH1 mutations were identified in 8% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. Our previous study revealed that IDH1 mutations cause a gain of function, resulting in the production and accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Genotyping of 145 AML biopsies identified 11 IDH1 R132 mutant samples. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite screening revealed increased 2-HG levels in IDH1 R132 mutant cells and sera, and uncovered two IDH2 R172K mutations. IDH1/2 mutations were associated with normal karyotypes. Recombinant IDH1 R132C and IDH2 R172K proteins catalyze the novel NADPH -dependent reduction of alpha-ketoglutarate (a-KG) to 2-HG. The IDH1 R132C mutation commonly found in AML reduces the affinity for isocitrate, and increases the affinity for NADPH and a-KG. This prevents the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to a-KG, and facilitates the conversion of a-KG to 2-HG. IDH1/2 mutations confer an enzymatic gain of function that dramatically increases 2-HG in AML. This provides an explanation for the heterozygous acquisition of these mutations during tumorigenesis. 2-HG is a tractable metabolic biomarker of mutant IDH1/2 enzyme activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5452.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Inhibitor-Sensitive FGFR2 and FGFR3 Mutations in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 76K, FGFR2 and FGFR3 isoform expression in mutated and amplified samples.&lt;/p&gt;
Mesh‐free based variational level set evolution for breast region segmentation and abnormality detection using mammograms (2017)

Automatic segmentation of abnormal region is a crucial task in computer-aided detection system using mammograms. In this work, an automatic abnormality detection algorithm using mammographic images is proposed. In the preprocessing step, partial differential equation-based variational level set method is used for breast region extraction. The evolution of the level set method is done by applying mesh-free-based radial basis function (RBF). The limitation of mesh-based approach is removed by using mesh-free-based RBF method. The evolution of variational level set function is also done by mesh-based finite difference method for comparison purpose. Unsharp masking and median filtering is used for mammogram enhancement. Suspicious abnormal regions are segmented by applying fuzzy c-means clustering. Texture features are extracted from the segmented suspicious regions by computing local binary pattern and dominated rotated local binary pattern (DRLBP). Finally, suspicious regions are classified as normal or abnormal regions by means of support vector machine with linear, multilayer perceptron, radial basis, and polynomial kernel function. The algorithm is validated on 322 sample mammograms of mammographic image analysis society (MIAS) and 500 mammograms from digital database for screening mammography (DDSM) datasets. Proficiency of the algorithm is quantified by using sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. The highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93.96%, 95.01%, and 94.48%, respectively, are obtained on MIAS dataset using DRLBP feature with RBF kernel function. Whereas, the highest 92.31% sensitivity, 98.45% specificity, and 96.21% accuracy are achieved on DDSM dataset using DRLBP feature with RBF kernel function.
A novel GaAs Multi-Chip MMIC Video Amplifier for optical receiver in cable communication systems (2011)

In this paper a novel GaAs Multi-Chip MMIC Video Amplifier is presented for gigabit passive optical network (GPON) fiber-to-the-home and fiber-to-the-building (FTTx) downstream cable communication systems. The video amplifier is composed of three dice: the first one is an input transimpedance amplifier (TIA), the second is an analog variable voltage controlled attenuator (VVA), and the last is comprised of a first stage main amplifier, a non-reflective dual resonant tilting circuit and an output stage main amplifier. The three-die video amplifier is implemented in M/A-COM Technology Solutions's Fab1 processes: 0.5um low access resistance pHEMT process, and 1.0um high linearity MESFET switch process. The video amplifier combines complex multifunction MMICs and exhibits unmatched performance: 42dB receiver gain, 34dB attenuation range, 3.5pA/rtHz input-referred noise current density (Ein), 18dB output return loss, 65dBc composite triple beat (CTB) and 70dBc composite second order (CSO) (CATV standard 79 analog channels over −8 to +2dBm optical input power), achieving 26dBmV/CH output power level with typical 335mA DC current consumption at +5V power supply. The amplifier is packaged in a 4×6mm 32-lead PQFN package.
Synergistic Roll‐to‐Roll Transfer and Doping of CVD‐Graphene Using Parylene for Ambient‐Stable and Ultra‐Lightweight Photovoltaics (2020)

Abstract A roll‐to‐roll (R2R) transfer technique is employed to improve the electrical properties of transferred graphene on flexible substrates using parylene as an interfacial layer. A layer of parylene is deposited on graphene/copper (Cu) foils grown by chemical vapor deposition and are laminated onto ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/poly(ethylene terephthalate). Then, the samples are delaminated from the Cu using an electrochemical transfer process, resulting in flexible and conductive substrates with sheet resistances of below 300 Ω sq −1 , which is significantly better (fourfold) than the sample transferred by R2R without parylene (1200 Ω sq −1 ). The characterization results indicate that parylene C and D dope graphene due to the presence of chlorine atoms in their structure, resulting in higher carrier density and thus lower sheet resistance. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the binding energy between parylene and graphene is stronger than that of EVA and graphene, which may lead to less tear in graphene during the R2R transfer. Finally, organic solar cells are fabricated on the ultrathin and flexible parylene/graphene substrates and an ultra‐lightweight device is achieved with a power conversion efficiency of 5.86%. Additionally, the device shows a high power per weight of 6.46 W g −1 with superior air stability.
Clinical and biological features of PTPN2-deleted adult and pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2019)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) is a phosphatase known to be a tumor suppressor gene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Because the full clinicobiologic characteristics of PTPN2 loss remain poorly reported, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of PTPN2 deletions within a cohort of 430 patients, including 216 adults and 214 children treated according to the GRAALL03/05 (#NCT00222027 and #NCT00327678) and the FRALLE2000 protocols, respectively. We used multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification to identify an 8% incidence of PTPN2 deletion, which was comparable in adult (9%) and pediatric (6%) populations. PTPN2 deletions were significantly associated with an αβ lineage and TLX1 deregulation. Analysis of the mutational genotype of adult T-ALL revealed a positive correlation between PTPN2 deletions and gain-of-function alterations in the IL7R/JAK-STAT signaling pathway as well as PHF6 and WT1 mutations. Of note, PTPN2 and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) deletions were mutually exclusive. Regarding treatment response, PTPN2-deleted T-ALLs were associated with a higher glucocorticoid response and a trend for improved survival in children, but not in adults, with a 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse of 8% for PTPN2-deleted pediatric cases vs 26% (<i>P</i> = .177).
Annulus fibrosus tissue engineering using lamellar silk scaffolds (2012)

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) represents a significant muscular skeletal disease. Recently, scaffolds composed of synthetic, natural and hybrid biomaterials have been investigated as options to restore the IVD; however, they lack the hallmark lamellar morphological features of annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue. The goal of regenerating the disc is to achieve anatomical morphology as well as restoration of mechanical and biological function. In this study, two types of scaffold morphology formed from silk fibroin were investigated towards the goal of AF tissue restoration. The first design mimics the lamellar features of the IVD that are associated with the AF region. The second is a porous spongy scaffold that serves as a control. Toroidal scaffolds were formed from the lamellar and porous silk material systems to generate structures with an outer diameter of 8 mm, inner diameter of 3.5 mm and a height of 3 mm. The inter-lamellar spacing in the lamellar scaffold was 150-250 µm and the average pore sizes in the porous scaffolds were 100-250 µm. The scaffolds were seeded with porcine AF cells and, after growth over defined time frames in vitro, histology, biochemical assays, mechanical testing and gene expression indicated that the lamellar scaffold generated results that were more favourable in terms of ECM expression and tissue function than the porous scaffold for AF tissue. Further, the seeded porcine AF cells supported the native shape of AF tissue in the lamellar silk scaffolds. The lamellar silk scaffolds were effective in the formation of AF-like tissue in vitro.
Point-of-Care Serodiagnostic Test for Early-Stage Lyme Disease Using a Multiplexed Paper-Based Immunoassay and Machine Learning (2019)

Caused by the tick-borne spirochete <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, Lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne infectious disease in North America and Europe. Though timely diagnosis and treatment are effective in preventing disease progression, current tests are insensitive in early stage LD, with a sensitivity of <50%. Additionally, the serological testing currently recommended by the U.S. Center for Disease Control has high costs (>$400/test) and extended sample-to-answer timelines (>24 h). To address these challenges, we created a cost-effective and rapid point-of-care (POC) test for early-stage LD that assays for antibodies specific to seven <i>Borrelia</i> antigens and a synthetic peptide in a paper-based multiplexed vertical flow assay (xVFA). We trained a deep-learning-based diagnostic algorithm to select an optimal subset of antigen/peptide targets and then blindly tested our xVFA using human samples (<i>N</i><sub>(+)</sub> = 42, <i>N</i><sub>(-)</sub> = 54), achieving an area-under-the-curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of 0.950, 90.5%, and 87.0%, respectively, outperforming previous LD POC tests. With batch-specific standardization and threshold tuning, the specificity of our blind-testing performance improved to 96.3%, with an AUC and sensitivity of 0.963 and 85.7%, respectively.
Novel Neutral Anion Ionophores Based on Fluorinated (Poly)Ether Compounds as a Sensory Molecule for an Ion-Selective Electrode (1997)

Abstract Novel neutral anion ionophores based on fluorinated (poly)ether compounds have been synthesized which were first obtained and applied as anion sensory molecules for an ion-selective electrode (ISE).
D'une ville à l'autre (2019)

Chaque ville est unique : de bonnes raisons pour faire de la recherche urbaine sans comparaison - \nMarxistes et néomarxistes : la comparaison pour montrer la convergence - \nLes réseaux contre les villes - \nL’expérience urbaine complexe et multiple, et les recherches urbaines post-positivistes - \nLes traditions nationales de recherche urbaine - \nPour conclure : un monde de comparaisons urbaines innovantes et imparfaites - \nBibliographie
Application of δ recycling to electron automated diffraction tomography data from inorganic crystalline nanovolumes (2013)

δ Recycling is a simple procedure for directly extracting phase information from Patterson-type functions [Rius (2012). Acta Cryst. A68, 399-400]. This new phasing method has a clear theoretical basis and was developed with ideal single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. On the other hand, introduction of the automated diffraction tomography (ADT) technique has represented a significant advance in electron diffraction data collection [Kolb et al. (2007). Ultramicroscopy, 107, 507-513]. When combined with precession electron diffraction, it delivers quasi-kinematical intensity data even for complex inorganic compounds, so that single-crystal diffraction data of nanometric volumes are now available for structure determination by direct methods. To check the tolerance of δ recycling to missing data-collection corrections and to deviations from kinematical behaviour of ADT intensities, δ recycling has been applied to differently shaped nanocrystals of various inorganic materials. The results confirm that it can phase ADT data very efficiently. In some cases even more complete structure models than those derived from conventional direct methods and least-squares refinement have been found. During this study it has been demonstrated that the Wilson-plot scaling procedure is largely insensitive to sample thickness variations and missing absorption corrections affecting electron ADT intensities.
Effect of intermetallic formation on electromigration reliability of TSV-microbump joints in 3D interconnect (2012)

In this study, electromigration (EM) reliability of TSV-microbump (μ-bump) joints was investigated. Sn-based μ-bumps with three different schemes of metallization were tested under current stressing at elevated temperatures. EM-stressed μ-bumps, together with thermal anneal-only μ-bumps and as-received controls, were cross-sectioned and characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersed x-ray (EDX) and focused ion beam (FIB). Intermetallic compound (IMC) growth kinetics under EM for the three types of metallization were obtained, and compared with those subjected to thermal annealing only. Results showed good EM performance of the TSV μ-bump joints, indicating that IMC formation plays an important role in improving the EM reliability of μ-bump joints. However, non-EM related voids were observed in the μ-bumps, and the voiding mechanisms were discussed.
Study of the Nonlinear Phenomena in Ceramic Dielectric Composite Used in Compact PFLs (2018)

This paper presents a study for developing a new composite for compact pulse forming lines (PFLs) in linear applications using PZT ceramic dispersed in the epoxy as the polymer matrix. This work is based on previous results obtained with polymer composites with barium titanate, which is not ideal for the PFL application due to the stronger nonlinearity characteristic presented by this type of ceramic.
Surface Expressed Nucleolin Is Constantly Induced in Tumor Cells to Mediate Calcium-Dependent Ligand Internalization (2010)

Our results demonstrate that the expression of surface nucleolin is an early metabolic event coupled with tumor cell proliferation and stress response. The fact that surface nucleolin is constantly and abundantly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, makes them a preferential target for the inhibitory action of anticancer agents that target surface nucleolin.