gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced total complement haemolytic activity in schizophrenic patients (1993)

Serum concentrations of the third and fourth components of the complement system and total complement haemolytic activity were measured in 167 psychiatric patients. Total complement haemolytic activity was decreased in chronic schizophrenic patients as compared to healthy controls and bipolar patients. The relatively diminished total haemolytic activity was not attributable to drug treatment. It is not clear if the reduced total haemolytic activity is an epiphenomenon or related to the involvement of an autoimmune process in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Rapid and robust single receiver geoacoustic inversion in shallow water (2005)

Estimating geoacoustic parameters is important for many applications in underwater acoustics. Conventional techniques generally employ vertical or horizontal receiver arrays whose output is matched field processed to invert for bottom parameters. Recent work has investigated whether the receiver array could be replaced with a single receiver with a moving source creating a virtual source array. This paper presents a new technique applicable to shallow-water geoacoustic inversion based on a moving source and a single stationary receiver. In contrast to other single receiver geoacoustic inversion methods, we use the multi-path structure of the signal to create a virtual vertical array to estimate the source-receiver geometry. Since the source is moving we effectively create both an incoherent synthetic horizontal source aperture and a coherent synthetic vertical aperture by means of the multipath. This method can be used to obtain the sound speed and density of the superficial seabed both quickly and inexpensively. To provide multipath resolution, we use a linear frequency modulated signal varying between 1.5-5.5 kHz. Applying a Wigner-Ville transform to the received pulse train and stacking the result gives estimates of the time lags between the arrivals, permitting the multi-path structure to be determined. An inverse Wigner-Ville transform of the isolated direct arrival provides an estimate of the matched filter required in the time domain to estimate transmission losses for each path. Once the source-receiver geometry is estimated from the multipath structure then the angles of arrival for the bottom interacting paths can be computed. The inversion of bottom parameters (density and compressional sound speed) is performed by optimising an objective function that makes use of the angular-dependent reflection coefficient derived from the amplitudes of bottom-interacting paths, given the direct arrival amplitudes and path lengths. Data from experiments conducted in local Singapore waters and the geoacoustic inversion results will be presented.
Extremes of Endogenous Testosterone Are Associated with Increased Risk of Incident Coronary Events in Older Women (2009)

An optimal range of testosterone may exist for cardiovascular health in women, with increased risk of CHD events at low levels of testosterone overall and at high levels of the bioavailable fraction of testosterone.
Peridynamics with LAMMPS : a user guide. (2011)

Peridynamics is a nonlocal extension of classical continuum mechanics. The discrete peridynamic model has the same computational structure as a molecular dynamics model. This document provides a brief overview of the peridynamic model of a continuum, then discusses how the peridynamic model is discretized within LAMMPS. An example problem is also included.
Impurity modes from impurity clusters in photonic band structures (1995)

A Green function calculation for the impurity modes of single impurities and clusters of impurities in a photonic band structure is given. Specifically, a truncated two-dimensional periodic dielectric medium composed from a square lattice array of dielectric rods placed perpendicularly between two parallel perfectly conducting plates is studied. Impurities are introduced into this system substitutionally by replacing one (single impurity case) or a number (cluster impurity case) of the rods in the periodic system by impurity rods. Exact expressions for the impurity mode frequencies are obtained in terms of the Green functions of the pure system. These expressions are then evaluated for the case of impurities with small cross-sectional areas using numerically determined Green functions. Linear frequency-independent, linear frequency-dependent and non-linear impurity dielectric media are treated.
Low-temperature homoepitaxial growth on Si(111) through a Pb monolayer (1998)

A monolayer of Pb mediates high-quality homoepitaxial growth on Si (111) surfaces at temperatures where growth with other overlayer elements or on bare surfaces leads to amorphous or highly defective crystalline films. Nearly defect-free epitaxy proceeds for film thicknesses up to 1000 Å with no sign that this is an upper limit. The minimum temperature for high-quality epitaxy depends on the substrate miscut. For a 0.2° miscut, the minimum temperature is 340 °C. Films grown on substrates miscut 2.3° towards [112̄] show good crystalline quality down to 310 °C.
Sensory feedback in human posture control (1970)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Thesis. 1970. Sc.D.
Stimulation von FFAR1/GPR40 erhöht die intrazelluläre Calciumkonzentration über TRPM3-Kanalproteine in Betazellen (2019)

Fettsäuren sind wichtige Regulatoren der Insulinsekretion, da sie die Glukose-stimulierte Insulinsekretion (GSIS) steigern. Dieser Effekt wird über die Aktivierung des Gq-Protein gekoppelten Rezeptors FFAR1/GPR40 vermittelt. Zu den Gq-aktivierten Signalwegen gehören die Phospholipase C und die nachfolgende Bereitstellung der sekundären Botenstoffe, Inositoltrisphosphat und Diacylglycerol. Weiterhin regulieren G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren TRP (transient-receptor-potential) Kanäle. Es wurde gezeigt, dass in insulinsezernierenden Zellen der für Ca2+-Ionen permeable TRPM3 und der für Na+-Ionen permeable TRPM5 die GSIS unterstützen. Die Aktivierung des FFAR1 geht mit einer Erhöhung der zytosolischen Ca2+ Konzentration ([Ca2+]i) einher. In dieser Studie wird die Rolle von TRPM3 in der FFAR1-abhängigen Stimulation der Insulinsekretion untersucht.
Long Chain Fatty Acids as Modulators of Immune Cells Function: Contribution of FFA1 and FFA4 Receptors (2021)

Long-chain fatty acids are molecules that act as metabolic intermediates and constituents of membranes; however, their novel role as signaling molecules in immune function has also been demonstrated. The presence of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors on immune cells has contributed to the understanding of this new role of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in immune function, showing their role as anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory molecules and elucidating their intracellular mechanisms. The FFA1 and FFA4 receptors, also known as GPR40 and GPR120, respectively, have been described in macrophages and neutrophils, two key cells mediating innate immune response. Ligands of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors induce the release of a myriad of cytokines through well-defined intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the cellular responses and intracellular mechanisms activated by LCFAs, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in T-cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, as well as the role of the FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in immune cells.
Resists and Other Critical Issues in 157-nm Lithography. (2000)

This paper outlines the critical issues facing the implementation of 157-nm lithography as a sub-100-nm technology. Special emphasis is placed on 157-nm photoresist options, including ultrathin resists and thicker resists with new chemistries. The status of other issues is also presented, such as mask materials, pellicles, optical materials, and coatings.
AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT OF DOPAMINE IN NIGRO‐STRIATAL NEURONS1 (1973)

Abstract The possibility that dopamine is transported in the nigro‐striatal system was investigated by the stereotaxic injection of labelled tyrosine or l ‐DOPA into the substantia nigra of tranylcypromine‐pretreated rats. At various intervals thereafter (2‐48 h), significant quantities of labelled material were recovered from the ipsilateral substantia nigra, globus pallidus and caudate‐putamen, The activity in the substantia nigra consisted of DOPA, dopamine, methoxytyramine, acid metabolites and other unidentified metabolites. In the caudate‐putamen, however, nearly all of the activity (85 per cent) was recovered in the dopamine fraction, the remainder being distributed among some of the metabolites. No DOPA was recovered from the caudate‐putamen. On the basis of time‐course studies after the injection of [ 14 C]DOPA into the substantia nigra, we calculated the transport rate of dopamine in the nigro‐striatal bundle to be 0.8 mm/h. Electrolytic lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamus, pretreatment with 6‐hydroxydopamine, or injections of [ 14 C]DOPA dorsal to the substantia nigra each produced profound reductions in the amount of activity subsequently recovered from the caudate‐putamen. These data suggest that the activity recovered from the caudate‐putamen after injections of [ 14 C]DOPA into the or substantia nigra reflected axonal transport rather than other processes such as diffusion or transport via the circulation. Pretreatment with the DOPA decarboxy‐lase inhibitor, R o 4‐4602, significantly reduced the amount of activity recovered in the caudate‐putamen, an indication that decarboxylation of DOPA to dopamine was a prerequisite for transport. Pretreatment with reserpine also severely reduced the transport of dopamine in the nigro‐striatal bundle, an observation suggesting that dopamine was transported by binding to the amine storage granules. There was no evidence of retrograde transport of dopamine in the nigrostriatal bundle. Injections of larger than tracer quantities of labelled tyrosine into the substantia nigra did not produce the degree of transport of dopamine that was obtained after injections of DOPA, a result suggesting that the amine storage granules may not normally be filled during axonal transport.
MD1003 (high doses of biotin) in progressive multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of the MS-SPI trial (2015)

International audience
A Study on Active Noise Control in 3-Dimensional Space. Location of Evaluation Microphone for minimizing total acoustic power. (1994)

The purpose of this research was to reduce the total acoustic power of noise sources located in a free field, which leads to lowering of the noise level in the entire area around the noise sources. The condition realizing total power reduction was considered in this paper. The original noise sources and additional sources were modeled as point monopoles to derive equations for the power reduction effects to achieve the above purpose. Next, the power reduction effects in some typical cases were calculated when the existing active control system with an error microphone was adopted. The error microphone was set to minimize the noise level. It was found that the error microphone location significantly affected the power reduction effects and unsuitable locations caused the power increase even if the noise level at the error microphone was sufficiently lowered. The actual power reduction effects were examined using loudspeakers and adaptive noise control system on the basis of the LMS algorithm. Good agreements were obtained when the experimental results were compared with theoretical estimations.
Biocompatible Optical Fibers Made of Regenerated Cellulose and Recombinant Cellulose-Binding Spider Silk (2023)

The fabrication of green optical waveguides based on cellulose and spider silk might allow the processing of novel biocompatible materials. Regenerated cellulose fibers are used as the core and recombinantly produced spider silk proteins eADF4(C16) as the cladding material. A detected delamination between core and cladding could be circumvented by using a modified spider silk protein with a cellulose-binding domain-enduring permanent adhesion between the cellulose core and the spider silk cladding. The applied spider silk materials were characterized optically, and the theoretical maximum data rate was determined. The results show optical waveguide structures promising for medical applications, for example, in the future.
Techno-economic analysis of concentrated solar power plants in terms of levelized cost of electricity (2017)

Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is an important metric which provides one way to compare the economic competitiveness of different electricity generation systems, calculated simply by dividing lifetime costs by lifetime production. Hidden behind the simplicity of this formula are various assumptions which may significantly alter results. Different LCOE studies exist in the literature, although their assumptions are rarely explicitly stated. This analysis gives all formulas and assumptions which allow for inter-study comparisons. The results of this analysis indicate that CSP LCOE is reducing markedly over time and that given the right location and market conditions, the SunShot 6¢/kWh 2020 target can be reached. Increased industrial cooperation is needed to advance the CSP market and continue to drive down LCOE. The results also indicate that there exist a country and technology level learning effect, either when installing an existing CSP technology in a new country or when using a new technology in an existing CSP country, which seems to impact market progress.
Chiral‐at‐Metal Complexes as Asymmetric Catalysts (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Meeting Report for Basic Cardiovascular Sciences 2011 Scientific Sessions: From Concept to Clinic: Leading Cardiovascular Translational Science (2011)

to 21, 2011 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The theme of the conference for this year was "From Concept to Clinic: Leading Cardiovascular Translational Science." The conference gathered 526 attendants, a record number for the BCVS summer conference, from 26 countries. Among them, 280 were either students or early career investigators. There were 74 oral presentations and 352 poster presentations, which were also record numbers for the past 8 BCVS meetings. The sessions were designed around the common theme of translating the most exciting and advanced basic science to further the understanding of disease pathophysiology with an eye toward novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we will briefly highlight some presentations and new features of the BCVS 2011 Scientific Sessions.
Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program: A 10-Year Update of Cancer Detection (2007)

Our results support aggressive screening measures for men at high risk for prostate cancer. The majority of cancers detected were at a prostate specific antigen of less than 4.0 ng/ml with a fifth diagnosed at a prostate specific antigen of below 2.5 ng/ml. These cancers were intermediate to high grade and organ confined, indicating a greater likelihood of cure following local therapy in these men.
Three‐layered radio frequency coil arrangement for sodium MRI of the human brain at 9.4 Tesla (2015)

High SNR, efficient transmit excitation and B0 shimming capability can be achieved for (23) Na MRI at 9.4T using novel coil combination. This RF configuration is easily adaptable to other multinuclei applications at ultra high field (≥ 7T).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of an Optically Active Hydroxy Diphosphine, a New Ligand for Asymmetric Catalysis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Clinical applications of a dual-energy KCD</title> (1994)

We have investigated possible clinical applications of a Kinestatic Charge Detector (KCD) for dual-energy x-ray imaging. The KCD is a good candidate as a detector for dual-energy radiography, because it is a digital detector with a high detective quantum efficiency, good spatial resolution and good scatter rejection. Computer simulations have been performed to design and optimize dual-energy KCDs for specific clinical applications. The clinical applications that have been investigated for dual-energy KCD imaging are chest radiography, mammography and osteoporosis. Experimental data have also been taken with a small research dual-energy KCD.
3D magnetic field analysis using special elements (1990)

Three-dimensional special elements, called the gap element, the expanding element, and the shielding element, have been conceived for discretizing narrow gaps in an iron core, the long legs of a transformer core, and thin shielding plates. The concept of the 3D special element and its finite-element formulation are described. The special elements are applied to several models, and the effects of the elements on accuracy and CPU time are discussed. It is shown that CPU time can be reduced by using the special elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Versatile Link common project: feasibility report (2012)

The Versatile Link is a bi-directional digital optical data link operating at rates up to 4.8 Gbit/s and featuring radiation-resistant low-power and low-mass front-end components. The system is being developed in multimode or singlemode versions operating at 850 nm or 1310 nm wavelength respectively. It has serial data interfaces and is protocol-agnostic, but is targeted to operate in tandem with the GigaBit Transceiver (GBT) serializer/deserializer chip being designed at CERN. This paper gives an overview of the project status three and a half years after its launch. It describes the challenges encountered and highlights the solutions proposed at the system as well as the component level. It concludes with a positive feasibility assesment and an outlook for future project development directions.
Hydrothermal conversion of carbohydrate biomass into formic acid at mild temperatures (2008)

The production of formic acid or formate salts by hydrothermal oxidation of glucose, a model compound of carbohydrate biomass, was investigated in the presence and absence of alkali using a batch reactor with H2O2 oxidant. Results showed that glucose was converted into formate salts with an excellent yield of 75% at a mild temperature of 250 °C in the presence of alkali. The results should be helpful to facilitate studies for developing a new green process for the conversion of carbohydrate biomass into formic acid, which can be a potential intermediate for fuels, as well as other value-added products.
MoveableMaker (2015)

In this work, we explore moveables, i.e., interactive papercraft that harness user interaction to generate visual effects. First, we present a survey of children's books that captured the state of the art of moveables. The results of this survey were synthesized into a moveable taxonomy and informed MoveableMaker, a new tool to assist users in designing, generating, and assembling moveable papercraft. MoveableMaker supports the creation and customization of a number of moveable effects and employs moveable-specific features including animated tooltips, automatic instruction generation, constraint-based rendering, techniques to reduce material waste, and so on. To understand how MoveableMaker encourages creativity and enhances the workflow when creating moveables, a series of exploratory workshops were conducted. The results of these explorations, including the content participants created and their impressions, are discussed, along with avenues for future research involving moveables.
Eliminating the Transverse Instabilities of Kerr Solitons (2001)

We show analytically, numerically, and experimentally that a transversely stable one-dimensional [(1+1)D] bright Kerr soliton can exist in a 3D bulk medium. The transverse instability of the soliton is completely eliminated if the soliton is made sufficiently incoherent along the transverse dimension.
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Epilepsy (2012)

Abstract Voltage-gated calcium channels are integral membrane proteins that form calcium-selective pores in the plasma membrane (Fig. 6–1). Calcium ions flowing into the cell are driven by an electrochemical gradient generated by a high concentration of calcium outside the cell to a low calcium concentration inside. In neurons the rapid influx of calcium depolarizes the cell membrane potential due to its divalent positive charge and mediates biophysical processes such as action potential firing and membrane potential oscillations. A second effect of calcium ion influx is to regulate the intracellular signaling pathways and biochemical machinery required for physiological functions such as neurotransmitter release. Cells contain numerous calcium-sensitive proteins, such as enzymes and DNA transcription factors that can be up- or downregulated by the binding of calcium ions. Due to the highly complex and widespread effects of calcium channels, even small alterations in their expression or biophysical properties can induce pathophysiological changes in the brain with the potential to induce epileptic seizures.
Alternative Pulse Detonation Engine Ignition System Investigation Through Detonation Splitting (2012)

A Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) combusts fuel air mixtures through a form of combustion: detonation. Recent PDE research has focused on designing working subsystems. This investigation continued this trend by examining ignition system alternatives. Existing designs required spark plugs in each separate thrust tube to ignite premixed reactants. A single thrust tube could require the spark plug to fire hundreds of times per second for long durations. The goal was to minimize hardware and increase reliability by limiting the number of ignition sources. This research used a continuously propagating detonation wave as both a thrust mechanism and an ignition system and required only one initial ignition source. This investigation was a proof of concept for such an ignition system. First a systematic look at various geometric effects on detonations was made. These results were used to further examine configurations for splitting detonations, physically dividing one detonation wave into two separate detonation waves. With this knowledge a dual thrust tube system was built and tested proving that a single spark could be used to initiate detonation in separate thrust tubes. Finally, a new tripping device for better deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) was examined. Existing devices induced DDT axially. The new device attempted to reflect an incoming detonation to initiate direct DDT in a cross flow.
High Sensitivity Detection of ATP Using Bioluminescence at An Optical Fiber End (2007)

We investigated the sensitivity of ATP detection based on bioluminescence at an optical fiber end where luciferase molecules were immobilized via silica-binding protein molecules. Luminescence was detected by an avalanche photo diode (APD), with coupling optics to make full use of the merit of compactness, high quantum efficiency and low noise of the APD. The core diameter and the numerical aperture of the optical fiber, as well as the design of the coupling optics, were optimized so as to realize high photon-collection efficiency. A detection limit of about 10-10 M was obtained, which corresponds to 10-15 mol of ATP. A rough estimation shows that the photon count rate is still two orders of magnitude lower than that limited by diffusion or reaction processes, implying a possibility of further improvement of the sensitivity.