gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Mid-Infrared Evaluation of the Miscibility Behavior of Blends of Dextran or Maltodextrin with Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (2012)

Determining the extent of miscibility of amorphous components is of great importance for certain pharmaceutical systems, in particular for polymer-polymer and polymer-small molecule blends. In this study, the application of standard atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements combined with nanoscale mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy was explored to evaluate miscibility in binary polymer blends. The miscibility characteristics of a set of 50/50 (w/w) polymer blends comprising of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) with dextran or maltodextrin (DEX) of varying molecular weights (MWs) were investigated. Standard AFM characterization results show good agreement with inferences drawn from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis in terms of forming either single or two phase systems. AFM analysis also provided insight into the microstructure of the two phase systems and how domain sizes varied as a function of polymer MWs. Nanoscale mid-IR evaluation of the blends, performed by collecting local mid-IR spectra or spectral maps, provided an extra dimension of information about the dependence of polymer MWs on chemical composition of the different phases. AFM, combined with nanoscale mid-infrared analysis, thus appears to be a promising technique for the evaluation of miscibility in certain pharmaceutical blends.
Nonlinear amplitude evolution during spontaneous patterning of ion-bombarded Si(001) (2000)

The time evolution of the amplitude of periodic nanoscale ripple patterns formed on Ar+ sputtered Si(001) surfaces was examined using a recently developed in situ spectroscopic technique. At sufficiently long times, we find that the amplitude does not continue to grow exponentially as predicted by the standard Bradley–Harper sputter rippling model. In accounting for this discrepancy, we rule out effects related to the concentration of mobile species, high surface curvature, surface energy anisotropy, and ion-surface interactions. We observe that for all wavelengths the amplitude ceases to grow when the width of the topmost terrace of the ripples is reduced to approximately 25 nm. This observation suggests that a short circuit relaxation mechanism limits amplitude growth. A strategy for influencing the ultimate ripple amplitude is discussed.
Multiband Hysteresis Current Controller for Three Level BLDC Motor Drive (2020)

As the transportation sector is promoting electric vehicle technology, the demand for high torque machine is increasing. For high performance the electrical machine drives needs to be operated above 400V DC bus. At high voltage the low inductance property of brushless DC (BLDC) motor can cause high torque ripple which is unsuitable for drive operation. In this paper, a new multiband hysteresis current controller (MHCC) for minimizing the torque ripple in a three level brushless DC motor drive is presented. Hysteresis controller are widely used for their good dynamic response, ease of implementation and overload current protection. Hysteresis current control is well established for two level inverters. In this paper, a three level inverter with MHCC is implemented for improving the current tracking and to reduce the torque ripple. The simulation results thus obtained in MATLAB/Simulink environment is encouraging. In depth analysis to evaluate the performance of the proposed current control strategy is also presented.
Abstract 19030: Targeted Spectral Computed Tomography Molecular Imaging of Arterial Thrombus in Rabbits (2014)

Background: Although Spectral CT is still in its early clinical development stages, K-edge contrast agents designed to specifically target thrombus could provide rapid stratification of ED patients with unclear CP etiology. Objective: To develop and demonstrate a systemically administered Spectral CT molecular imaging agent to diagnose intravascular thrombus in rabbits. Materials: A nanocolloid (~200nm) comprised of bismuth oleate in oil (20 vol%) encapsulated with phosphatidylcholine and functionalized with an anti-fibrin peptide -PEG2000-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate was developed (Anti-fibrin BiOL NC). Results: Rabbits with iliac thrombus received anti-fibrin BiOL NC (1.5 ml/kg) via ear vein, which circulated for 2 hrs. The vessels were excised and imaged with a first generation Spectral CT scanner. K-edge contrast enhancement was appreciated in animals receiving anti-fibrin BiOL NC (n=4), but not in those given irrelevant-targeted BiOL NC, fibrin-targeted control nanocolloid or saline. (Figure) O...
Antibody Interactions with the Capsule ofCryptococcus neoformans (2000)

Monoclonal antibodies to the encapsulated fungus Cryptococcus neoformans produce different immunofluorescence (IF) patterns after binding to the polysaccharide capsule. To explore the relationship between the IF pattern and the location of antibody binding, two immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (12A1 and 13F1) that differ in protective efficacy and IF pattern and one protective IgG1 MAb (2H1) were studied by IF and electron microscopy (EM). Fixing C. neoformans cells in lung tissue for EM resulted in significantly better preservation of the capsule than fixing yeast cells in suspension. The localization of MAbs 12A1 and 13F1 by immunogold EM differed depending on whether the MAb was bound to cells in cut tissue sections embedded in plastic or to cells in solution. In cut tissue sections, MAbs 12A1 and 13F1 bound throughout the capsule, whereas in solution both MAbs bound near the capsule surface. To investigate whether antibody binding to the C. neoformans capsule affected the binding of other primary or secondary reagents, various combinations of MAbs 12A1, 13F1, and 2H1 were studied by direct and indirect IF. The IF pattern and location of binding for MAbs 12A1, 13F1, and 2H1 varied depending on the presence of other capsule-binding MAbs and the method of detection. The results show that (i) binding of MAbs to the C. neoformans polysaccharide capsule can modify the binding of subsequent primary or secondary antibodies; (ii) the IgM MAbs bind primarily to the outer capsule regions despite the occurrence of their epitopes throughout the capsule; and (iii) MAb 2H1 staining of newly formed buds is reduced, suggesting quantitative or qualitative differences in bud capsule.
A Theory of the Optimal Policy of Oil Recovery by Secondary Displacement Processes (1983)

We consider the stability of the displacement of a viscous fluid in a porous medium by a less viscous fluid containing a solute. For the case in which the total amount of injected solute is fixed, we formulate a theory for the optimal injection policy, i.e., the policy which minimizes the growth constant of the Saffman–Taylor–Chouke instability. The result is a nonlinear constrained eigenvalue problem with the viscosity ratio, $\alpha $, of the two fluids and the total solute, N, as parameters. We develop perturbation solutions for large and small N and numerical solutions for all N. Several features of the optimal policy which have been noted or demonstrated empirically by previous workers are proven, and new features of the solution are discussed.
10-Formyltetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase Requires a 4′-Phosphopantetheine Prosthetic Group for Catalysis (2007)

10-Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (FDH) consists of two independent catalytic domains, N- and C-terminal, connected by a 100-amino acid residue linker (intermediate domain). Our previous studies on structural organization and enzymatic properties of rat FDH suggest that the overall enzyme reaction, i.e. NADP(+)-dependent conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and CO(2), consists of two steps: (i) hydrolytic cleavage of the formyl group in the N-terminal catalytic domain, followed by (ii) NADP(+)-dependent oxidation of the formyl group to CO(2) in the C-terminal aldehyde dehydrogenase domain. In this mechanism, it was not clear how the formyl group is transferred between the two catalytic domains after the first step. This study demonstrates that the intermediate domain functions similarly to an acyl carrier protein. A 4'-phosphopantetheine swinging arm bound through a phosphoester bond to Ser(354) of the intermediate domain transfers the formyl group between the catalytic domains of FDH. Thus, our study defines the intermediate domain of FDH as a novel carrier protein and provides the previously lacking component of the FDH catalytic mechanism.
The amino terminus of high-voltage-activated calcium channels (2014)

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), calmodulin (CaM), and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) are essential for various nervous system functions. CaM and CaMKII differentially regulate calcium dependent facilitation (CDF) and calcium dependent inactivation (CDI) of the Cav1 and Cav2 families of VGCCs. It is generally accepted that conserved structures in the C-terminus of these channels regulate CDF and CDI, and yet recent evidence indicates that other intracellular regions may be involved. We recently discovered that N-terminal sequences in Cav1.2 bind CaM and CaMKII, and function to regulate CDI as well as surface expression and open probability, respectively. Cav1 and Cav2 share significant portions of N-terminal sequence and therefore we explored whether homologous binding sites might exist in Cav2.1. Here, we show that like the proximal N-terminus of Cav1.2, the homologous region of Cav2.1 contains sequences which interact either directly or indirectly with CaM.
Characterization of the apoptotic response of human leukemia cells to organosulfur compounds (2010)

Taken together, these data establish OSCs derivatized from dysoxysulfone as a novel group of compounds for development as anti-cancer agents.
Impedance of a Disk Electrode with Reactions Involving an Adsorbed Intermediate: Local and Global Analysis (2008)

The influence of nonuniform current and potential distributions associated with a disk electrode geometry on the impedance response was explored by numerical simulation for Faradaic reactions coupled by an adsorbed intermediate. Consistent with the literature, the associated frequency or time-constant dispersion influenced the impedance response at frequencies above a characteristic value, due to the frequency dependence of the radial distribution of the interfacial potential. The time-constant dispersion was also found to influence the impedance response at low frequencies, due to the potential dependence of the fractional surface coverage of the adsorbed intermediate. The geometry effects were reflected in values for the local Ohmic impedance, which had complex behavior at both high and low frequencies. The dispersion of time constant was described in terms of a local constant-phase element (CPE) that is distributed over the electrode surface and results in a the depression of semicircles in representing the impedance response at low frequencies as well as at high frequencies. A graphical method is described for finding values for the CPE exponent.
Liquid ion evaporation/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for the detection of polar and labile molecules (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid ion evaporation/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for the detection of polar and labile moleculesB. A. Thomson, J. V. Iribarne, and P. J. DziedzicCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 13, 2219–2224Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00250a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (719 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Innovation,Verticals, and Beams:Importance of Time-Domain Masteryfor 5G-and-Beyond (2019)

Mastery of the time domain is essential to achieving 5G-and-beyond innovations and effective beam control and management processes, as well as serving the needs of different industry verticals.
A stochastic all-digital weak physically unclonable function for analog/mixed-signal applications (2017)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are a promising security technique which utilize the random process variation in silicon fabrication in order to create unique identifiers and other security features that are impossible to recreate exactly. This paper builds upon and evaluates a weak PUF which employs dynamic latched comparators and their random input offset voltages to create a chip-specific identifier. The proposed PUF can be used in analog/mixed-signal (AMS) chips due to the analog characteristics of the comparators employed. Because comparators are a fundamental block in AMS applications, the proposed PUF can reuse comparators in an AMS chip to generate unique identifiers with minimal hardware overhead. Additionally, the comparators tested in this work can be created with digital components, making this PUF suitable for use in digital chips as well. The proposed PUF is fabricated using a 0.13 μm CMOS process. Measurements show that the PUF achieves a normalized intra-Hamming Distance (HD) of less than 0.15% and 0.96% across 0°C-80°C and 0.8V-1.4 V, respectively. The normalized inter-HD is 48.5% for a 64-bit PUF output key. The power consumption of the PUF is 1.5 nJ/bit with a throughput of 4Mb/s.
Gas Barrier, Thermal, Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Highly Aligned Graphene-LDPE Nanocomposites (2017)

This contribution reports on properties of low-density polyethylene-based composites filled with different amounts of graphene nanoplatelets. The studied samples were prepared in the form of films by means of the precoating technique and single screw melt-extrusion, which yields a highly ordered arrangement of graphene flakes and results in a strong anisotropy of composites morphology. The performed tests of gas permeability reveal a drastic decrease of this property with increasing filler content. A clear correlation is found between permeability and free volume fraction in the material, the latter evaluated by means of positron annihilation spectroscopy. A strong anisotropy of the thermal conductivity is also achieved and the thermal conductivity along the extrusion direction for samples filled with 7.5 wt % of GnP (graphene nanoplatelets) reached 2.2 W/m·K. At the same time, when measured through a plane, a slight decrease of thermal conductivity is found. The use of GnP filler leads also to improvements of mechanical properties. The increase of Young's modulus and tensile strength are reached as the composites become more brittle.
Optical links for printed circuit boards (2004)

We identify applications for optics-enabled printed circuit boards, together with a list of requirements that have to be met for real-world products. We draw conclusions for the technology choices, and present our approaches and experiments.
Non-equilibrium Based Compositional Simulation of Carbonated Water Injection EOR Technique (2014)

Summary Carbonated water injection (CWI) is an augmented water injection strategy, which has great potentials for EOR and CO2 storage purposes. When carbonated water, CO2 enriched water, is injected into oil reservoirs, due to higher CO2 solubility in oil compared to that in water, CO2 migrates from carbonated water into oil. This improves oil mobility, due to swelling and viscosity reduction, which consequently increases oil production. Our core flood experiments show that during CWI, CO2 is transferred and distributed between water and oil gradually and thermodynamic equilibrium is not reached. Available compositional reservoir simulators, which are based on the instantaneous equilibrium assumption, do not capture the actual physics of CWI. In this work, a non-equilibrium based compositional simulator was developed to simulate the performed core flood CWI experiments more realistically. The developed two-phase flow simulator is currently suitable for one dimensional core experiments. It includes a mass transfer term to capture the kinetics of CO2 transfer between phases. Governing equations were derived based on the water, oil and CO2 components balance, and solved using the fully implicit finite difference technique. Black-oil (without mass transfer) and compositional (with mass transfer) modes of the simulator can be used for simulation of conventional water injection (WI) and CWI, respectively. A genetic algorithm based optimization software was also developed that can be linked to the simulator to history match the available production data and obtain the unknown parameters of the model. The simulator was used to model WI and CWI coreflood experiments conducted on a water-wet sandstone core fully saturated by Decane (with well-defined fluid properties). First, the WI experiment was simulated when an oil-water relative permeability (kro-w) was obtained by history matching of WI production data. The WI test was re-simulated by ECLIPSE100 (E100) commercial simulator using optimized kro-w. E100’s predictions of production data reasonably matched model’s results, which verify its integrity. Next, the obtained kro-w was used for simulation of CWI. Mass transfer coefficient, as the only remaining unknown parameter, was tuned to match the available CWI production data leading to an acceptable match. The simulator shows promising potentials for simulation and better understanding of CWI for practical field applications. Moreover, the structure of this simulator offers a solid foundation for other EOR methods where kinetics of mass transfer is important.
CODE COVERAGE-BASED POWER ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES FOR MICROPROCESSORS (2002)

We have developed a function-level power estimation methodology for predicting the power dissipation of embedded software. For a given microprocessor core, we empirically build the "power data bank", which stores the power information of the built-in library functions and basic instructions. To estimate the average power of an embedded software on this core, we first decompose the machine code into library functions and user-defined functions. We then use program profiling/tracing tools to get the execution information of the target software. Next, we evaluate the total energy consumption and execution time based on the "power data bank", and their ratio is taken as the average power. High efficiency is achieved because no power simulator is used once the "power data bank" is built. We apply this method to a commercial microprocessor core and get power estimates with an average error of 3%. Using this method, microprocessor vendors can provide users the "power data bank" without releasing details of the core to help users get early power estimates and eventually guide power optimization.
Reduction of blocking effects in image coding with a lapped orthogonal transform (2003)

A new derivation for the lapped orthogonal transform (LOT) is presented. It has basis functions that overlap adjacent blocks and decay smoothly to zero, and so it can reduce the blocking effect to very low levels, without any data overhead. It is shown that a quasioptimal LOT can be computed with an algorithm based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT), with only 30% more computation than the DCT. Unlike earlier approaches to the reduction of blocking effects, there is no penalty in coding gain for the LOT, which actually increases the coding gain by 0.25 dB for a first-order Markov process with rho =0.95.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Sprayed Steel Tool for Permanent Mold Casting of Aluminum (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new application of steel sprayed tooling for the manufacture of prototype permanent molds for aluminum casting is discussed in this paper. The prototype tooling is quickly made by spraying onto substrates that define the tooling shell shape. The shell material, structure, and geometry are adequate to withstand, for a limited number of pours, the demands placed on an aluminum permanent mold. An initial demonstration shows the promise of this method.&lt;/div&gt;
Paresthesia during spinal cord stimulation depends on synchrony of dorsal column axon activation (2023)

ABSTRACT Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) reduces chronic pain. Conventional (40-60 Hz) SCS engages spinal inhibitory mechanisms by activating low-threshold mechanoreceptive afferents with axons in the dorsal columns (DCs). But activating DC axons typically causes a buzzing sensation (paresthesia) that can be uncomfortable. Kilohertz-frequency (1-10 kHz) SCS produces analgesia without paresthesia and is thought, therefore, not to activate DC axons, leaving its mechanism unclear. Here we show in rats that kilohertz-frequency SCS activates DC axons but causes them to spike less synchronously than conventional SCS. Spikes desynchronize because axons entrain irregularly when stimulated at intervals shorter than their refractory period, a phenomenon we call overdrive desynchronization. Effects of overdrive desynchronization on evoked compound action potentials were verified in simulations, rats, pigs, and a chronic pain patient. Whereas synchronous spiking in DC axons is necessary for paresthesia, asynchronous spiking is sufficient to produce analgesia. Asynchronous activation of DC axons thus produces paresthesia-free analgesia.
Operative and endoscopic pancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (1976)

X-rays of the pancreatic duct can now be obtained by a nonoperative endoscopic approach (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-ERCP). After more than 2 years experience we have found that the pancreatic duct can be visualized in 85 to 90% of patients. This test is used to detect pancreatic carcinoma in the symptomatic patient and in searching for an operative pancreatic lesion in a patient with known recurrent or chronic pancreatitis. Many of these patients have pain or a transiently elevated amylase; a few have steatorrhea or abnormalities of the duodenal sweep on barium meal. Stenosis or obstruction of the main pancreatic duct with or without proximal duct dilation are the characteristic abnormalities noted in pancreatic carcinoma. A rare pancreatic tumor which is not in juxtaposition with the duct will have a normal pancreatogram although the common duct may be obstructed by cholangiography as it passes through the head of the pancreas. In patients with chronic pancreatitis it may be difficult to differentiate an inflammatory from a neoplastic stricture by either operative or endoscopic pancreatography. In the future, cytologic and biochemical examination of the pancreatic secretions obtained at ERCP may increase the accuracy of diagnosing carcinoma.