gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Activity of 9(R)-Dihydrotaxane Analogs (1995)

A novel reduced taxane, 13-acetyl-9(R)-dihydrobaccatin III (1) has been isolated from Taxus canadensis. The selective C-13 deacetylation of this isolate has allowed for the preparation of a wide variety of 9(R)-dihydrotaxane analogs. In general, this series has shown greater stability and water solubility than the 9-carbonyl series while retaining antimicrotubule and tumor cell cytotoxicity activities relative to taxol. Placement of polar functionalities at the C-7 position results in loss of activity whereas alkylation or acylation of either C-7 or C-9 hydroxyl groups ameliorate the activity.
Modular Synthesis of DOTA‐Metal‐Based PSMA‐Targeted Imaging Agents for MRI and PET of Prostate Cancer (2019)

A practical, convergent synthesis of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted imaging agents for MRI, PET, and SPECT of prostate cancer has been developed. In this approach, metals chelated to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) were placed on the side chains of lysine early in the synthesis to form imaging modules. These are coupled to targeting modules, in this case consisting of the PSMA-binding urea DCL, bonded to an activated linker. The modular approach to targeted molecular imaging agents (TMIAs) offers distinct advantages. By chelating the MRI contrast metal Gd early, it doubles as a protecting group for DOTA. Standard coupling and deprotection steps may be utilized to assemble the modules into peptides, and the need for tri-tert-butyl protection of DOTA requiring removal by strong acid is averted. This enables mild conjugation of the imaging module to a wide variety of targeting agents in the final step. It was further discovered that two labile metals, La<sup>3+</sup> or Ce<sup>3+</sup> , can be used as placeholders in DOTA during the synthesis, then transmetalated in mild acid by Cu<sup>2+</sup> , Ga<sup>3+</sup> , In<sup>3+</sup> , and Y<sup>3+</sup> , metals used in PET/SPECT. This enables the efficient synthesis of nonradioactive analogues of targeted molecular imaging agents that may be transported or stored until needed. A simple and mild two-step transmetalation, involving de-metalation in dilute acid, followed by rapid chelation of the radioactive metal, may be conveniently performed later at the clinic to provide the TMIAs for PET or SPECT.
Genetic analysis of mitochondrial complex II subunits SDHD, SDHB and SDHC in paraganglioma and phaeochromocytoma susceptibility (2003)

The significantly lower frequency (P = 0.028) of germline SDH subunit mutations in familial PC only cases compared to those with familial PC and HNPGL suggests that further PC susceptibility gene(s) remain to be identified.
Effects of control loop delay on the stability of a rate control algorithm (2004)

Abstract This paper presents exact stability analysis of a rate control algorithm described in Perform. Eval. 2001; 43 (2–3):63–94; Int. J. Commun. Systems 2001; 14 (6):593–618. The stability regions of the rate control process in the presence of control loop delay are analysed. The rate control process is represented by delay‐difference equation and the criteria for asymptotic stability are derived in terms of the control parameters and control loop delay. The analysis shows that the approximate upper bound of the control gain derived in Aweya et al. is very close to the exact bound developed here. Using theoretical calculations performed in the discrete‐time domain, we show that as the feedback time delay d increases, the intensity of control (i.e. the control gain α) must decrease in order for the system to remain stable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale Augmented Normalizing Flows for Image Compression (2023)

Most learning-based image compression methods lack efficiency for high image quality due to their non-invertible design. The decoding function of the frequently applied compressive autoencoder architecture is only an approximated inverse of the encoding transform. This issue can be resolved by using invertible latent variable models, which allow a perfect reconstruction if no quantization is performed. Furthermore, many traditional image and video coders apply dynamic block partitioning to vary the compression of certain image regions depending on their content. Inspired by this approach, hierarchical latent spaces have been applied to learning-based compression networks. In this paper, we present a novel concept, which adapts the hierarchical latent space for augmented normalizing flows, an invertible latent variable model. Our best performing model achieved average rate savings of more than 7% over comparable single-scale models.
Bridging the valley of death: The new Radiotherapy & Oncology section “First in man – Translational innovations in radiation oncology” (2016)

It is well recognized that it may take very long time before new scientific knowledge on the nature of cancer or novel technologies are introduced into clinical application for improved treatment of cancer patients [1]. In fact, a substantial proportion of promising discoveries never find their way into clinical applications, despite the fact that they have never been challenged or disproven in translational preclinical studies or even early clinical trials. This unfortunate truth has been called the “valley of death” of translational research [2–5], and is not widely addressed beyond the inner circle of the scientific community.
Building Conjugated Organic Structures on Si(111) Surfaces via Microwave-Assisted Sonogashira Coupling (2010)

A novel step-by-step method employing microwave-assisted Sonogashira coupling is developed to grow fully conjugated organosilicon structures. As the first case study, p-(4-bromophenyl)acetylene is covalently conjugated to a p-(4-iodophenyl)acetylene-derived monolayer on a Si(111) surface. By bridging the two aromatic rings with C[triple bond]C, the pregrown monolayer is structurally extended outward from the Si surface, forming a fully conjugated (p-(4-bromophenylethynyl)phenyl)vinylene film. The film growth process, which reaches 90% yield after 2 h, is characterized thoroughly at each step by using X-ray reflectivity (XRR), X-ray standing waves (XSW), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The high yield and short reaction time offered by microwave-assisted surface Sonogashira coupling chemistry make it a promising strategy for functionalizing Si surfaces.
Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the cytoplasmic tail of MUC16 (2017)

MUC16 is a large transmembrane mucin expressed on the apical surfaces of the epithelium covering the ocular surface, respiratory system and female reproductive tract. The transmembrane mucin is overexpressed by ovarian carcinomas, it is one of the most frequently used diagnostic markers for the disease and it is considered a promising target for immunotherapeutic intervention. Immunodetection of the mucin has to date been through antibodies that recognize its exceptionally large ectodomain. Similar to other membrane anchored mucins, MUC16 has a short cytoplasmic tail (CT), but studies of the biological relevance of the C-terminal domain of MUC16 has been limited by lack of availability of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the native CT. Here, we report the development of a novel monoclonal antibody to the CT region of the molecule that recognizes native MUC16 and its enzymatically released CT region. The antibody is useful for immunoprecipitation of the released CT domain as demonstrated with the OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cell line and can be used for detailed cytolocalization in cells as well as in frozen sections of ocular surface and uterine epithelium.
Automatic trailer generation (2010)

This paper presents a content-based movie trailer generation method, named Vid2Trailer (V2T). Since trailers are intended to advertise movies, they must show specific symbols such as the title logo and the main theme music. Moreover, it is expected to attract viewers by its visual and audio content. V2T satisfies these two requirements when creating a trailer from the original movie content. First, the title logo and the main theme music are extracted. Second, impressive speech and video segments are extracted by using an affective content analysis technique. Third, all of the extracted components are concatenated into the form of a trailer; to realize this, we propose a method that estimates the affective impact of shot sequences, and introduce an algorithm that arranges a set of shots so as to maximize the affective impact of the sequence. Experiments show that our V2T is more appropriate to trailer generation than conventional techniques.
Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay for melanoma cells using mesoporous polyaniline (2017)

We report the development of an antibody (anti-MC1R antibody)-functionalized polyaniline nanofibers modified screen-printed electrode capable of efficient electrochemical detection of melanoma cells at levels (1 cell per mL) not readily achieved by other methods. This immunosensor is highly selective in its detection of melanoma cells over normal human cells.
Cost and Feasibility of Biohydrogen in Delhi for Hydrogen-Compressed Natural Gas Blends (2012)

Given the success of Delhi’s compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicle program, energy stakeholders are now investigating a transition to hydrogen-compressed natural gas (H-CNG) blends. Past research has shown H-CNG can reduce tailpipe emissions of both criteria and greenhouse gas pollutants relative to CNG. Here, the authors conduct a techno-economic assessment of hydrogen production from the gasification of agricultural residues near Delhi. They find that residues near Delhi could provide the city with up to 270,700 metric tons per year of hydrogen. This quantity far exceeds what is needed to support the current CNG vehicle population with 18%-82% H-CNG blends. The cost of each step of the biohydrogen supply chain is reported in terms of rupees per kg of hydrogen and the total cost of using biohydrogen in Delhi is estimated to be 149.6 rupees ($3.39) per kg.
A 24-31GHz 28nm FD-SOI CMOS 3:1 VSWR Resilient Inductive Hybrid Coupler-Based Doherty Power Amplifier (2023)

This paper presents a 28nm FD-SOI CMOS 24-31GHz broadband PA robust to 3:1 VSWR variations and exhibiting high linearity and efficiency up to deep power back-off. The circuit architecture proposes an energy efficient alternative to the Doherty PA enabling a continuous operation mode between symmetrical and asymmetrical modes. The PA exhibits 37% and 26% peak-6dB PBO PAE at 26GHz for asymmetrical/symmetrical operation, respectively. The measured results show compliance to the 5G NR and 64-QAM modulation schemes. The VSWR robustness is obtained thanks to the usage of hybrid couplers enabled in this topology. The PA core area occupies 0.90mm².
Operando Characterization of Catalysts through use of a Portable Microreactor (2015)

Abstract In order to more deeply understand the mechanisms of catalytic reactions, improved methods are needed to monitor changes that occur in the electronic, structural, and chemical properties of catalytic systems under the conditions in which they work. We describe here a microreactor‐based approach that integrates the capabilities of advanced X‐ray, electron, optical, and gas‐phase compositional analysis techniques under operando conditions. For several exemplary catalytic systems, we demonstrate how this approach enables the characterization of three of the major factors that contribute to structure–property correlations in heterogeneous catalysis. Specifically, we describe how this approach can be used to better understand the atomic structure and elemental composition of nanocatalysts, the physiochemical properties of the support and catalyst/support interfaces, and the gas‐ and surface‐phase chemistry that occurs under operando conditions. We highlight the generality of the approach, as well as opportunities for future developments.
Anomalous color vision and wide gamut LED lighting (2021)

For general use, lighting should not distort the color appearance of familiar objects. However, in special cases color distortion may be desirable. It is well-known that some spectral power distributions can increase the apparent chroma of objects, generally along a selected axis in color space, and always with a consequent distortion of hue. It is interesting to consider whether some individual observers could benefit from spectral tuning of this type. In particular, there is considerable interest in filters worn as glasses (such as those under the trade name EnChroma), which increase the contrasts of LvsM-cone color differences for individuals with diminished LvsM sensitivity. Instead of filtering the light just before it enters the eye, logically the same effect can be achieved by filtering the light source, or equivalently, by selecting an approximately equivalent combination of narrow-band LEDs. We have compared calculated color shifts produced by 3-primary narrowband LED sources to those for EnChroma-filtered broadband light, by simulating the cone-opponent responses of color deficient and trichromatic observers. We notionally illuminated the spectral reflectance factors of Munsell surfaces that were selected to yield a uniform circle of 36 hues in a cone-opponent space under equal energy white for a standard trichromatic observer. Chromatic contrasts were determined for the LED sources and the filtered broadband light, both for normal trichromats and observers who were deuteranomalous or protanomalous. For all observer types, we found qualitatively similar patterns of contrast enhancements for the two sources, confirming that narrowband LED luminaires may be a viable approach for enhancing color contrast for anomalous trichromats. However, in previous work we also found that color-normal observers adapt to the higher chromatic contrasts generated by wide-gamut LED sources (Takahashi et al. JOV 2019). Thus, the consequences of these adaptation effects should also be evaluated for color-deficient observers.
Surface reactivity of prereduced rare earth oxides with nitric oxide: New approach for NO decomposition (2002)

Direct decomposition of NO to N2 by rare earth oxides prereduced with H2 was studied. CeO2 and Pr6O11 prereduced at 773 K, in which many oxygen anion vacancies exist, decomposed NO to N2 at 673 K. The addition of Pt accelerated the dissociation of NO to N2. The amount of NO decomposed to N2 and N2O by Pt supported on rare earth oxides was strongly related to the oxygen mobility and to the amount of oxygen anion vacancies in the surface/subsurface. Particularly, for Pt/CeO2, oxygen diffusion on the surface but not in the bulk was the most important factor determining the NO decomposition activity.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF 7,7‐DIPHENYL‐2,3‐EPOXYBICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTAN‐6‐ONES INTO A 2‐OXABICYCLO(2.1.1)HEXAN‐3‐ONE (1984)

Abstract Das Diphenylbicycloheptenon (I) ergibt das Bromhydrin (II), das nach Dehydrobromierung bei der Photolyse das gespannte.
Structural Evolution and Pharmacology of a Novel Series of Triacid Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (1994)

cis-4-(4-Phenoxy)-1-[1-oxo-2(R)-[4-[(2-sulfobenzoyl)amino)-1H- imidazol-1-yl]octyl]-L-proline derivatives represent a novel class of potent nonpeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists. These compounds evolved from directed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on a lead identified by random screening. Further SAR studies revealed that acidic modification of the 4-phenoxy ring system produced a series of triacid derivatives possessing oral activity in pithed rats. The most potent compound, cis-4-[4-(phosphonomethyl)phenoxy]-1-[1-oxo-2(R)-[4-[(2-sulfobenzoyl+ ++) amino]-1H-imidazol-1-yl]octyl]-L-proline (1e), inhibited the pressor response to exogenously administered Ang II for periods up to 8 h following oral dosing. The antihypertensive activity of 1e was evaluated in the Lasix-pretreated conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) where it produced a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure following oral dosing lasting > 12 h. Antagonists such as 1e may serve as useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of hypertension as well as for studying the role of Ang II in various disease states.
Frontispiece: Catalytic NH3 Synthesis using N2/H2 at Molecular Transition Metal Complexes: Concepts for Lead Structure Determination using Computational Chemistry (2017)

While in the Haber–Bosch process N2/H2 is converted to NH3 at high temperatures and pressures with a heterogeneous catalyst, satisfying the world's demands for ammonia, Nature operates at ambient pressure and temperature and uses N2, protons and electrons at a molecular catalyst. Can a molecular catalyst also be developed for the N2/H2 system? In their Concept article on page 11992 ff., M. Hölscher and W. Leitner discuss how plausible reaction scenarios can be set up and checked by computational chemistry.
Recycler Electron Cooling Project: Mechanical vibrations in the Pelletron and their effect on the beam (2005)

The Fermilab's Recycler ring will employ an electron cooler to cool stored 8.9 GeV antiprotons [1]. The cooler is based on an electrostatic accelerator, Pelletron [2], working in an energy-recovery regime. A full-scale prototype of the cooler has been assembled and commissioned in a separate building [3]. The main goal of the experiments with the prototype was to demonstrate stable operation with a 3.5 MeV, 0.5 A DC electron beam while preserving a high beam quality in the cooling section. The quality is characterized, first of all, by a spread of electron velocities in the cooling section, which may be significantly affected by mechanical vibration of the Pelletron elements. This paper describes the results of vibration measurements in the Pelletron terminal and correlates them with the beam motion in the cooling section.
FFA4/GPR120 Agonists: a Survey of the Recent Patent Literature (2015)

FFA4/GPR120, a member of the rhodopsin family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is becoming an important target for therapeutic intervention in several areas of disease, including metabolic diseases, inflammation and cancer. In the last few years several patents on original chemotypes have been generated by different companies. In this review an analysis of the patents in the FFA4 agonism field is presented, with an emphasis on the documents published between 2013 and mid-2015. A discussion of the biological methods used in the patents is included. The general interest in this area is growing fast as half of the existing patents on FFA4 agonists have been issued after 2013. There is, however, a need of further diversifying new chemical classes away form the current substrate-like, carboxylic acid-containing agonists.
A 28-GHz CMOS Phased-Array Beamformer Utilizing Neutralized Bi-Directional Technique Supporting Dual-Polarized MIMO for 5G NR (2020)

This article presents a low-cost and area-efficient 28-GHz CMOS phased-array beamformer chip for 5G millimeter-wave dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) (DP-MIMO) systems. A neutralized bi-directional technique is introduced in this work to reduce the chip area significantly. With the proposed technique, completely the same circuit chain is shared between the transmitter and receiver. To further minimize the area, an active bi-directional vector-summing phase shifter is also introduced. Area-efficient and high-resolution active phase shifting could be realized in both TX and RX modes. In measurement, the achieved saturated output power for the TX-mode beamformer is 15.1 dBm. The RX-mode noise figure is 4.2 dB at 28 GHz. To evaluate the over-the-air performance, 16 H+16 V sub-array modules are implemented in this work. Each of the sub-array modules consists of four 4 H+4 V chips. Two sub-array modules in this work are capable of scanning the beam from -50° to +50°. A saturated EIRP of 45.6 dBm is realized by 32 TX-mode beamformers. Within 1-m distance, a maximum SC-mode data rate of 15 Gb/s and the 5G new radio downlink packets transmission in 256-QAM could be supported by the module. A 2 × 2 DP-MIMO communication is also demonstrated with two 5G new radio 64-QAM uplink streams. Thanks to the proposed area-efficient bi-directional technique, the required core area for a single element-beamformer is only 0.58 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Compact and low-cost 5G millimeter-wave MIMO systems could be realized.
Experimental Investigation of the Stability Mechanism and Emissions of a Lifted Swirl Nonpremixed Flame (2008)

We report on the experimental investigation of a confined lifted swirl nonpremixed flame by applying a novel Airblast nozzle (Zarzalis, N., et al., 2005, Fuel Injection Apparatus, Patent No. DE 10 2005 022 772.4, EP 06 009 563.5). 3D-laser doppler anemometry, a nonintrusive, laser-based measurement technique, is adapted for the measurement of all three mean velocity components and of the six Reynolds stress components. The determination of the temperature and mixture field occurs by employing in-flame measurement techniques. Valuable information concerning the mixing procedure, the temperature distribution, the turbulence level, and the velocity field of the flame is provided. The results demonstrate that there is sufficient residence time in the precombustion area of the lifted flame in order to achieve spatial and temporal uniformity of the mixture, leading to a quasi-premixed state. It was also found that hot reaction products, carried upstream by an annular zone of reverse flow, react with fresh unburnt mixture in a re-ignition process. The determination of the flow pattern revealed the presence of an inner weak recirculation zone in the nozzle vicinity and a dominant external recirculation zone. The examination of the probability density function of the velocity measurements was also found to be a very useful tool in terms of the analysis of the turbulence structure of the flow. The bimodal distribution in the shear layer between the downstream flow and the recirculated gases yields the existence of large scale eddies. Finally, the significant reduced NOx emissions in the lean area were also shown by means of emission measurements for elevated pressure conditions.
Adhesion distribution on the surface of a single microparticle (2016)

Precise adhesion distribution on the surface of a single microparticle has been a significant challenge, mainly because its micro-scale handling/manipulation in a controllable manner and uncertainty related to the nature of relevant nano-scale contacts/interfaces are still unresolved. In the current work, it is demonstrated that, under the influence of Surface Acoustic Wave pulses, a single spherical microparticle can be rolled by first breaking its bond with the substrate and bringing it to another stationary contact point. During successive stop-and-go rolling steps, the work-of-adhesion at each contact point is obtained interferometrically. The coordinates of the contact points during the experiments are obtained from the particle trajectories after successive rolling actions. The coordinates of the contact points are mapped on the surface of the particle to obtain a statistically scanned surface adhesion map. Here, we report the adhesion distribution on the surface of a single microparticle.