gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arterial first pass gadolinium‐CM dynamics as a function of several intravenous saline flush and Gd volumes (2001)

Abstract This study was performed to evaluate the dynamics of an arterial first pass gadolinium (Gd) contrast medium (CM) bolus at the descending aorta (DAo), depending on various saline flush and Gd volumes. Using an ultra‐fast two‐ dimensional GE‐sequence (Siemens Vision®, 1.5‐T), 200 sequential cross‐sectional images of the addressed vessel (1 slice/s) were obtained. Several saline flush volumes (15 mL, 30 mL, and 60 mL) were applied following the administration of 10 mL Gd (single dose) to a group of 4 normal volunteers (body weight 50–55 kg) using a mechanical MR injector (injection rate = 3.0 mL/s). Additionally, when performing a second test series, the saline volume remained constant, while the Gd volumes were varied from half doses to triple doses (5, 10, 20, and 30 mL Gd were given to every volunteer of the group). The signal intensity versus time (SI/T) curve at a measured region of interest (ROI) within the DAo was calculated. The bolus arrival time (BAT), the maximal signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR max ), the bolus time length (BL; 75% and 80% maximum intensity duration), the slope of the SI/T curve, and the areas below the SI/T curve for both the 80% and 75% maximum intensity duration level (INT 80% and INT 75% ) were calculated. The increase of saline flush volume from 30 to 60 mL caused significant bolus lengthening of approximately 50% (mean BL = 9.5 s, 10.3 s, and 15.4 s for 15 mL, 30 mL, and 60 mL saline flush volumes, respectively, measured as SI/T duration at the 75% SNR max level). Using saline flush volumes equal to or higher than 30 mL increased the slope of the SI/T curve. A continuous increase of INT 75%/80% by using higher saline flush volumes was found. Different saline and Gd volumes did not affect the SNR max and the BAT. Only the low dose (0.05 mmol/kg Gd) showed a 17%–21.6% significantly lower SNR max . The BL and the INT increased mainly by enlarging of applied Gd volume from single to double dose (BL 75% and INT 75% were 9.6 s and 1305, 12.3 s and 2121, 38.5 s and 6181, 37.8 s and 6613 for 5, 10, 20, and 30 mL applied Gd volume, respectively). The arterial bolus length benefits from increasing Gd and saline flush volumes due to increased venous bolus length and wash out effects of Gd within the injection site of the vein. Doses larger than a single dose are not needed to increase the SNR in contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography images of the thoracic aorta. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:568–576. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embedded Linear-Motion Developable Mechanisms on Cylindrical Developable Surfaces (2022)

Abstract This work introduces methods of developing embedded straight-line and linear-motion mechanisms on right circular cylinders. Developable surfaces, particularly right circular cylinders, are the manufactured embodiment of many products. Functional linkages are traditionally not geometrically constrained to a body and often dictate the final shape of the housing they reside in. This work explores the idea of mapping straight-line and linear-motion mechanisms onto cylinders for practical design purposes. Potential applications of embedded cylindrical developable mechanism capable of deployment and generation of linear motion would be useful are discussed. A design guideline is provided outlining the utility of using various linkages to complement a particular engineering design criteria.
Surface slope metrology and interferometric wave front measurements on deformable soft x-ray mirrors performed in the laboratory and in-situ at-wavelength. (2010)

Author(s): Yuan, Sheng; Goldberg, Kenneth; Yashchuk, Valeriy; Celestre, Rich; Morrison, Greg; Warwick, Tony; McKinney, W.; Church, M.
Physical-layer routing issues in free-space optical communication networks (2005)

The application of free-space optical communications to interconnect applications may be essential regardless of system scale. For different length scales, we explore the optimal use of channel resources, various physical impairments, and potential reconfigurable routing challenges.
Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes Increase Power Generation in E. coli Microbial Fuel Cells (2013)

A series of conjugated oligoelectrolytes with structural variations is used to stain E. coli. By taking advantage of a high-throughput screening platform that incorporates gold anodes, it is found that MFCs with COE-modified E. coli generate significantly higher power densities, relative to unmodified E. coli. These findings highlight the potential of using water-soluble molecules inspired by the work on organic semiconductors to improve electrode/microbe interfaces.
Data from Gain-of-Function <i>RHOA</i> Mutations Promote Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation and Dependency in Diffuse Gastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is a lethal malignancy lacking effective systemic therapy. Among the most provocative recent results in DGC has been that of highly recurrent missense mutations in the GTPase RHOA. The function of these mutations has remained unresolved. We demonstrate that RHOA&lt;sup&gt;Y42C&lt;/sup&gt;, the most common RHOA mutation in DGC, is a gain-of-function oncogenic mutant, and that expression of RHOA&lt;sup&gt;Y42C&lt;/sup&gt; with inactivation of the canonical tumor suppressor &lt;i&gt;Cdh1&lt;/i&gt; induces metastatic DGC in a mouse model. Biochemically, RHOA&lt;sup&gt;Y42C&lt;/sup&gt; exhibits impaired GTP hydrolysis and enhances interaction with its effector ROCK. &lt;i&gt;RHOA&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Y42C&lt;/sup&gt; mutation and &lt;i&gt;Cdh1&lt;/i&gt; loss induce actin/cytoskeletal rearrangements and activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which activates YAP–TAZ, PI3K–AKT, and β-catenin. RHOA&lt;sup&gt;Y42C&lt;/sup&gt; murine models were sensitive to FAK inhibition and to combined YAP and PI3K pathway blockade. These results, coupled with sensitivity to FAK inhibition in patient-derived DGC cell lines, nominate FAK as a novel target for these cancers.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;The functional significance of recurrent RHOA mutations in DGC has remained unresolved. Through biochemical studies and mouse modeling of the hotspot RHOA&lt;sup&gt;Y42C&lt;/sup&gt; mutation, we establish that these mutations are activating, detail their effects upon cell signaling, and define how RHOA-mediated FAK activation imparts sensitivity to pharmacologic FAK inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Benton and Chernoff, p. 182&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
SU‐GG‐I‐169: Effective Photodynamic Dose Delivered by Head and Neck Visualization Light Sources (2010)

Purpose : In photodynamic therapy (PDT), it is possible that light sources used for visualization can cause unintended dose delivery. We sought to determine the effective PDT dose delivered by these light sources to provide guidelines for their safe use. Method and Materials : We have measured the spectrum and power of a range of light sources typically used in the evaluation of head and neck cancer. The power was measured using a calibrated thermopile detector when possible, and separately using a semiconductor photodiode attached to a 6‐inch integrating sphere. The integrating sphere was connected to a fiber‐optic spectrograph, which recorded the spectrum of each lamp. The relative sensitivities of the photodiode detector and spectrograph were evaluated relative to the sensitivity at 630 nm. The spectral power of each source was multiplied by the published excitation spectrum of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to obtain an effective power, defined as the power at 630 nm required to produce the level of PpIX excitation as the source. This effective power was used to determine the maximum exposure time for each source. We have evaluated the effect of colored plastic optical filters placed on these sources. Results : We have characterized the output of several light sources. The equivalent power emitted by these sources varies from tens to hundreds of milliwatts. The effective power can be reduced by up to a factor of three by appropriate filtration.. The effectiveness of this filtration is dependent on the light source spectrum and the sensitizer being used. Exposure time recommendations are summarized for each light source. Conclusion : A range of light sources may be suitable for use in conjunction with PDT. These light sources can be used safely and effectively through a combination of limited exposure time and appropriate filtration.
Synthesis of 5′-Methylene-Phosphonate Furanonucleoside Prodrugs: Application to D-2′-Deoxy-2′-α-fluoro-2′-β-C-methyl Nucleosides (2012)

A new and facile synthetic pathway to metabolically stable 5'-methylene-bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)(POM)phosphonate furanonucleoside prodrugs is reported. The key step involves a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of a tetra(pivaloyloxymethyl) bisphosphonate salt with appropriately protected 5'-aldehydic nucleosides. This efficient approach was applied for the synthesis HCV related 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-2'-β-C-methyl nucleosides.
Neural and genetic degeneracy underliesCaenorhabditis elegansfeeding behavior (2014)

Degenerate networks, in which structurally distinct elements can perform the same function or yield the same output, are ubiquitous in biology. Degeneracy contributes to the robustness and adaptability of networks in varied environmental and evolutionary contexts. However, how degenerate neural networks regulate behavior in vivo is poorly understood, especially at the genetic level. Here, we identify degenerate neural and genetic mechanisms that underlie excitation of the pharynx (feeding organ) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans using cell-specific optogenetic excitation and inhibition. We show that the pharyngeal neurons MC, M2, M4, and I1 form multiple direct and indirect excitatory pathways in a robust network for control of pharyngeal pumping. I1 excites pumping via MC and M2 in a state-dependent manner. We identify nicotinic and muscarinic receptors through which the pharyngeal network regulates feeding rate. These results identify two different mechanisms by which degeneracy is manifest in a neural circuit in vivo.
100 A Vertical GaN Trench MOSFETs with a Current Distribution Layer (2019)

This paper reports on vertical GaN-based trench MOSFETs operating at 100 A for the first time. A current distribution layer (CDL) in a drift layer is employed for the high current operation. An effective insert position of the CDL is designed and, thereby, the current density of the MOSFET with the CDL is increased about 1.17 times higher than that of the MOSFET without the CDL. Large MOSFET chips with a drain current of up to 100 A are fabricated and their switching characteristics are demonstrated.
Modified linear prediction algorithm for narrowband interference suppression in universal mobile telecommunication system (2012)

Narrow band interference NBI deteriorates the quality of the spectrum, leading to a poorer performance of modern universal mobile telecommunication system UMTS spread spectrum systems. The linear prediction algorithm is one of the most significant techniques to overcome NBI and enhance the performance of UMTS systems. In this paper, a modified linear prediction algorithm is proposed for NBI suppression in a conditionally stationary environment. This modification improves the error energy estimation in the auto-regression model of the linear prediction. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is evaluated, and its robustness is verified using Kullback-Leibler metrics for conditionally stationary NBI signals. Computer simulations are carried out, and the obtained results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and its compliance with UMTS protocols. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
349: Compare the Effects of Muscle Derived Cells and Fibroblastic Cells Injeciton on Leak Point Pressure in a Rat Model of Stress Urinary Incontinence (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 9, 2004, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2004349: Compare the Effects of Muscle Derived Cells and Fibroblastic Cells Injeciton on Leak Point Pressure in a Rat Model of Stress Urinary Incontinence Dong Deuk Kwon, Yong Tae Kim, Jang H. Kim, Ryan Pruchnic, Ronald Jankowski, Johnny Huard, Fernando D. Miguel, Naoki Yoshimura, William C. De Groat, and Michael B. Chancellor Dong Deuk KwonDong Deuk Kwon More articles by this author , Yong Tae KimYong Tae Kim More articles by this author , Jang H. KimJang H. Kim More articles by this author , Ryan PruchnicRyan Pruchnic More articles by this author , Ronald JankowskiRonald Jankowski More articles by this author , Johnny HuardJohnny Huard More articles by this author , Fernando D. MiguelFernando D. Miguel More articles by this author , Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author , William C. De GroatWilliam C. De Groat More articles by this author , and Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37611-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "349: Compare the Effects of Muscle Derived Cells and Fibroblastic Cells Injeciton on Leak Point Pressure in a Rat Model of Stress Urinary Incontinence." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), pp. 91–92 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 91-92 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Dong Deuk Kwon More articles by this author Yong Tae Kim More articles by this author Jang H. Kim More articles by this author Ryan Pruchnic More articles by this author Ronald Jankowski More articles by this author Johnny Huard More articles by this author Fernando D. Miguel More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author William C. De Groat More articles by this author Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Nonlinear optical films formed layer-by-layer using alternating polyelectrolyte deposition (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. J. ROBERTS, "NONLINEAR OPTICAL FILM FORMED LAYER-BY-LAYER USING ALTERNATING POLYELECTROLYTE DEPOSITION," in Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper FC4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Many Peptides that Are Present in the External Zone of the Median Eminence Are Not Secreted into the Hypophysial Portal Blood of Sheep (1993)

Apart from the well recognized factors that are produced by the hypothalamus and secreted into hypophysial portal blood to regulate pituitary function, there is a range of neuropeptides that are present in the median eminence and could be secreted to serve a modulatory function. In this study we have collected hypophysial portal blood and jugular venous blood from sheep in an attempt to identify which of these putative modulatory peptides might be secreted from the median eminence. We have measured neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), galanin (GAL), neurokinin A (NKA), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurotensin (NT) and cholecystokinin (CCK). We also examined the sheep median eminence using immunohistochemistry for NPY, SP and GAL and determined degradation profiles of NPY, SP, GAL and NKA in portal and jugular plasma. In no instance did we find that levels of the above peptides were consistently higher in portal blood than in peripheral blood. In some cases levels of peptide were lower in portal plasma e.g. for NPY (6/10 sheep). In one experimental series SP levels in portal plasma were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than levels in jugular plasma but this was not found in another experimental series. Galanin levels were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in portal plasma compared to levels in jugular plasma. We conducted in vitro studies to determine whether or not the above peptides are selectively degraded in portal blood but were unable to show any differences between the rates of degradation in portal and jugular plasma. Immunohistochemistry revealed projections into the external zone of the median eminence for NPY, GAL and SP. This study shows that none of the above peptides are secreted into the hypophysial portal blood of sheep. For some peptides e.g. GAL, enzymes from the endothelial cells of the portal vessels may enhance degradation. Projections into the external zone of the median eminence of neuronal systems containing these peptides may serve to modulate the secretion of the well recognized release and inhibiting factors by acting on the neurosecretory terminals.
Data from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Aberrant promoter DNA-hypermethylation and repressive chromatin constitutes a frequent mechanism of gene inactivation in cancer. There is great interest in dissecting the mechanisms underlying this abnormal silencing. Studies have shown changes in the nuclear organization of chromatin in tumor cells as well as the association of aberrant methylation with long-range silencing of neighboring genes. Furthermore, certain tumors show a high incidence of promoter methylation termed as the CpG island methylator phenotype. Here, we have analyzed the role of nuclear chromatin architecture for genes in hypermethylated inactive versus nonmethylated active states and its relation with long-range silencing and CpG island methylator phenotype. Using combined immunostaining for active/repressive chromatin marks and fluorescence &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; hybridization in colorectal cancer cell lines, we show that aberrant silencing of these genes occurs without requirement for their being positioned at heterochromatic domains. Importantly, hypermethylation, even when associated with long-range epigenetic silencing of neighboring genes, occurs independent of their euchromatic or heterochromatic location. Together, these results indicate that, in cancer, extensive changes around promoter chromatin of individual genes or gene clusters could potentially occur locally without preference for nuclear position and/or causing repositioning. These findings have important implications for understanding relationships between nuclear organization and gene expression patterns in cancer. Cancer Res; 70(20); 8015–24. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
PERSISTENCE OF MESSENGER RNA THROUGH MITOSIS IN HELA CELLS (1969)

The decrease in protein synthesis which occurs in mammalian cells during cell division is associated with significant disaggregation of polyribosomes. For determining whether messenger RNA survives this disaggregation, the reformation of polyribosomes was investigated in synchronized HeLa cells as they progressed from metaphase into interphase in the presence of 2 microg/ml Actinomycin D. The persistence of messenger during cell division was evidenced by: (1) a progressive increase in the rate of protein synthesis in both treated and untreated cells for 45 min after metaphase; (2) reformation of polyribosomes, as determined by both sucrose gradients and electron microscopy, within 30 min after the addition of Actinomycin D to metaphase cells; (3) the persistence of approximately 50% of the rapidly labeled nonribosomal RNA which had associated with polyribosomes just before metaphase; (4) the resumption of synthesis, following cell division, of 6 selected peptides in Actinomycin-treated cells.
Ultrafast laser processing of silicon for photovoltaics (2017)

The photovoltaics market has been growing rapidly in the past decade or so, driven by policy support, growing economies of scale, and technological improvements. Continued advances in photovoltaics manufacturing and technologies may drive further cost reductions and facilitate market growth going forward. Here, we review one such potential advance: the use of ultrafast laser processing in silicon photovoltaic production. We provide an overview of the current major capabilities of ultrafast laser processing of silicon, including texturing, hyperdoping, and combined texturing and hyperdoping. We describe each process, survey recent advances, compare to alternative methods, and report the state-of-the-art of each process in relation to photovoltaic devices. We also discuss the major challenges facing each process. We close with a prospectus for research and applications. We conclude that there are no major technical obstacles to the application of ultrafast laser texturing to photovoltaics manufacturing currently, while ultrafast laser hyperdoping requires further research and development before adoption. We also show that the use of hyperdoping for intermediate band silicon photovoltaics likely requires concurrent surface texturing or other absorption-enhancement techniques to yield photoconversion efficiency improvements.
Micromachining of bulk transparent materials using nanojoule femtosecond laser pulses (Abstract Only) (2004)

Femtosecond lasers are very effective tools for three-dimensional micromachining of transparent materials. Nonlinear absorption of tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses allows energy to be deposited in a micrometer-sized volume in the bulk of the sample. If enough energy is deposited, localized changes in the material are produced (a change in refractive index, for example). These localized changes are the building blocks from which three-dimensional structures can be produced. With sufficiently tight focusing, the threshold for producing these changes can be achieved with pulse energies that are available directly from laser oscillators, offering greatly increased machining speeds and simpler, cheaper technology compared to using amplified lasers. In addition, the inter-pulse spacing from a laser oscillator is much shorter than the time required for energy deposited by one pulse to diffuse out of the focal volume. As a result, irradiation with multiple pluses on one spot in the sample leads to an accumulation of heat around the focal region. This localized heating provides another mechanism by which material properties can be altered. We demonstrate the three-dimensional fabrication of optical waveguides and microfluidic channels using pulse energies of only a few nanojoules to tens of nanojoules.
Supplementary Table 2 from A Cell Proliferation and Chromosomal Instability Signature in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from A Cell Proliferation and Chromosomal Instability Signature in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
A physical model for the transient response of capacitively loaded distributed RLC interconnects (2002)

Rapid approximation of the transient response of high-speed global interconnects is needed to estimate the time delay, crosstalk, and overshoot in a GSI multilevel wiring network. This paper outlines a rigorous and physical solution for transients in a capacitively-loaded distributed RLC interconnect using a convergent series of modified Bessel functions. Compact models for time delay and repeater insertion are derived. The single-line model is extended to evaluate crosstalk in two-coupled lines. These solutions are validated by HSPICE simulation, and have potential applications to rapid RLC timing analysis, global wire sizing and repeater insertion, signal integrity estimation, and reliability modeling (e.g. voltage overshoot and high current density concerns).