gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prime and Boost Vaccination Elicit a Distinct Innate Myeloid Cell Immune Response (2018)

Understanding the innate immune response to vaccination is critical in vaccine design. Here, we studied blood innate myeloid cells after first and second immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the modified vaccinia virus Ankara. The inflammation at the injection site was moderate and resolved faster after the boost. The blood concentration of inflammation markers increased after both injections but was lower after the boost. The numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells were transiently affected by vaccination, but without any major difference between prime and boost. However, phenotyping deeper those cells with mass cytometry unveiled their high phenotypic diversity with subsets responding differently after each injection, some enriched only after the primary injection and others only after the boost. Actually, the composition in subphenotype already differed just before the boost as compared to just before the prime. Multivariate analysis identified the key features that contributed to these differences. Cell subpopulations best characterizing the post-boost response were more activated, with a stronger expression of markers involved in phagocytosis, antigen presentation, costimulation, chemotaxis, and inflammation. This study revisits innate immunity by demonstrating that, like adaptive immunity, innate myeloid responses differ after one or two immunizations.
Optical Assesssment of Tumor Resection Margins in the Breast (2009)

Breast conserving surgery, in which the breast tumor and surrounding normal tissue are removed, is the primary mode of treatment for invasive and in situ carcinomas of the breast, conditions that affect nearly 200,000 women annually. Of these nearly 200,000 patients who undergo this surgical procedure, between 20-70% of them may undergo additional surgeries to remove tumor that was left behind in the first surgery, due to the lack of intra-operative tools which can detect whether the boundaries of the excised specimens are free from residual cancer. Optical techniques have many attractive attributes which may make them useful tools for intra-operative assessment of breast tumor resection margins. In this manuscript, we discuss clinical design criteria for intra-operative breast tumor margin assessment, and review optical techniques appied to this problem. In addition, we report on the development and clinical testing of quantitative diffuse reflectance imaging (Q-DRI) as a potential solution to this clinical need. Q-DRI is a spectral imaging tool which has been applied to 56 resection margins in 48 patients at Duke University Medical Center. Clear sources of contrast between cancerous and cancer-free resection margins were identified with the device, and resulted in an overall accuracy of 75% in detecting positive margins.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach to Nitrogen‐Bridged Bicyclic Frameworks by Rh‐Catalyzed Formal Carbenoid Insertion into an Amide C—N Bond. (2016)

Abstract The Rh‐catalyzed formal carbenoid insertion into an amide C—N bond delivers azabicyclo[X.Y.Z.]alkane derivatives in good to high yields and proceeds via the formation of Rh‐associated N‐ylides, followed by an acyl group‐selective Stevens [1,2]‐shift through a concerted addition/elimination process on the sp 2 ‐hybridized carbon.
Structural determination of synthetic monoacetyldiglycerides by tandem mass spectrometry of sodium-adducted molecules (1999)

A variety of synthetic monoacetyldiglycerides (MADGs), which show hematopoietic stem cell stimulating activity, were investigated using high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) coupled with fast-atom bombardment (FAB). CID of sodium-adducted molecules, [M + Na]+, generated product ions highly informative on their structure. In particular, two type of ions (named E2,3 and J) and the relative intensity ratio (G2/G1) of two product ions (named G1 and G2) by the loss of free fatty acids (-Rn′ COOH) provided definitive information about the position of two long-chain acyl groups on the glycerol backbone. In addition, charge-remote fragmentation (CRF) along the long hydrocarbon chains of two fatty acyl groups determined the position of each double bond. Thus, this direct and rapid method can be applied to the structural determination of individual molecular species in a mixture of MADGs isolated from biological origins. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Our Very Own Magazine [Notes from the Editor] (2011)

Welcome to our new magazine. Yes, believe it or not, our very own IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine is finally here. After more than three years in the planning and approval process, our Society has, at last, its very own magazine.
A physics-based compact model for Fully-Depleted Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (2015)

Tunnel FETs (TFET) are promising candidates for integration in logic circuits at very low supply voltages. We report here a SPICE compact model that describes all regimes of the TFET transistor. The current contribution from source and drain sides is described by an original set of equations including the electrostatic behavior and the effect of superlinear onset. Finally, this model is implemented using Verilog-A language and compared with TCAD simulations.
Varus tibial joint line obliquity: a potential cause of femoral component malrotation. (2001)

In 60 consecutive total knee arthroplasties done in 52 patients with primary osteoarthritis and varus or neutral tibiofemoral alignment, the posterior condylar angle was calculated intraoperatively and averaged 3.98 degrees (range, 0 degrees-9 degrees). Eighteen knees had a posterior condylar angle value less than 3 degrees whereas 27 knees had a posterior condylar angle value of 5 degrees or greater. Final rotational alignment of the femoral component was set parallel to the transepicondylar axis. Only one of these 60 knees required a lateral retinacular release for proper patellar tracking during the knee arthroplasty. When compared with three previously defined angles measured on the radiographs taken preoperatively, only the tibial plateau-tibial shaft angle values were correlated significantly with the value of the posterior condylar angle. As the tibial varus joint line obliquity increased, there was a distinct tendency for the transepicondylar axis to be rotated more externally relative to the posterior condylar axis. This variance suggests that the use of the posterior condylar axis as a rotational reference is inappropriate in many knees with arthritis with varus or neutral tibiofemoral alignment. In particular, varus tibial joint line obliquity of more than 4 degrees increases the likelihood of femoral component malrotation when the posterior femoral condyles are used to reference femoral component rotation.
Visual Analytics zur Firewall-Konfiguration und Analyse von Netzwerkverkehr (2013)

Vertrauen im Bereich Netzwerksicherheit schaffen bedeutet auch, die aktuelle Netzwerksituation, Netzwerkauslastung und Systemkonfiguration im Blick zu behalten und die aktuellen Abläufe zu ver-stehen. Ein blindes Vertrauen in vollautomatische Systeme ist in der heutigen dynamischen, sich schnell verändernden Welt nicht möglich und wird zu einem Vertrauensverlust führen. Thema des IT-Sicherheitskongress 2013, und Ziel von Visual Analytics ist es, Vertrauen und Sicherheit zu erhöhen und neue Erkenntnisse aus dynamisch, schnell wachsenden Datenmengen zu gewinnen. In unserem Beitrag wird die Idee von Visual Analytics kurz beschrieben und anhand von zwei erfolgreichen An-wendungen mit neuartigen Visualisierungsansätzen im Bereich Firewall-Konfiguration und Netzwerk-analyse verdeutlicht.
Surface effects in Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys (1997)

FeZrBCu nanocrystalline materials obtained by controlled crystallization of the amorphous alloy are composed of bcc-Fe grains (10 nm in diameter) embedded in a residual amorphous matrix. In this article it has been shown that in such a mesoscopic system the interfaces exhibit identifiable properties that differ from those of the interior. In the Mössbauer spectra, besides of contributions from bcc phase and that of the residual amorphous matrix, an additional component was observed and attributed to the crystalline grain-amorphous matrix interfaces. The effect of the surface layer on the effective magnetostriction is also presented and discussed.
SUB 45nm Low Power Design Challenges (2007)

The ever-increasing use of mobile devices and the constant desire for energy efficiency and long battery life have made low power design more important than ever. At the same time, continued technology scaling results in more devices per die, higher leakage current and power densities, and increased process variations.
Thermal Management of β-Ga₂O₃ Current Aperture Vertical Electron Transistors (2021)

Beta-gallium oxide ( β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) has attracted considerable attention for power devices due to its superior properties and the availability of device-quality native substrates compared to gallium nitride (GaN) technologies. In particular, devices such as the current aperture vertical electron transistor (CAVET) have a higher breakdown voltage compared to lateral transistors made from β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . However, because of the low thermal conductivity of β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , thermal management strategies at the device level are required in order to achieve high power operation. Here, we present a thermal modeling study of CAVET power transistors and analyze the impact of thermal management strategies on their thermal performance. Among the various cooling strategies, double-side cooling has the largest impact on device cooling. Double-side cooling in combination with a heat spreader can suppress the device's thermal resistance from 24.5 to 4.86 mm · <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C/W, allowing for a high-power-density CAVET device. The modeling and analysis results presented in this work can be utilized as a guide for improvement of the vertical β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> device performance for future power electronics applications.
Pediatric tracheomalacia and the perioperative anesthetic management of thoracoscopic posterior tracheopexy (2018)

Tracheomalacia is a broad term used to describe an abnormally compliant trachea that can lead to exaggerated collapse and obstruction with expiration. We describe the perioperative management of a complex pediatric patient undergoing a posterior tracheopexy which is a relatively new surgical treatment, with a novel surgical approach-thoracoscopy. This procedure has competing surgical and anesthetic needs and presents unique challenges to the physicians involved in caring for these patients. We also review the current literature on pediatric tracheomalacia and examine the newest treatment options to highlight the potential anesthetic challenges and pitfalls associated with management.
Monitoring Molecular Transport across Colloidal Membranes (2018)

The controlled shaping and surface functionalization of colloidal particles has provided opportunities for the development of new materials and responsive particles. The possibility of creating hollow particles with semipermeable walls allows modulating molecular transport properties on colloidal length scales. While shapes and sizes can typically be observed by optical means, the underlying chemical and physical properties are often invisible. Here, we present measurements of cross-membrane transport via pulsed field gradient NMR in packings of hollow colloidal particles. The work is conducted using a systematic selection of particle sizes, wall permeabilities, and osmotic pressures and allows tracking organic molecules as well as ions. It is also shown that, while direct transport of molecules can be measured, indirect markers can be obtained for invisible species via the osmotic pressure as well. The cross-membrane transport information is important for applications in nanoconfinement, nanofiltration, nanodelivery, or nanoreactor devices.
Thyroid Cancers Exhibit Oncogene-Enhanced Macropinocytosis that Is Restrained by IGF1R and Promote Albumin–Drug Conjugate Response (2023)

These findings identify regulated oncogene-driven macropinocytosis in thyroid cancers and demonstrate the potential of designing albumin-bound drugs to efficiently treat them.
Relaxation mechanisms of the photoelectrons in the second miniband of a superlattice structure (2003)

Photoelectron relaxation in the second miniband of a superlattice was studied with a high-pass energy filter at one end of the superlattice. By analyzing the spectral responses with different biases across the energy filter, the photoelectron distribution and relaxation in the second miniband of the superlattice can be resolved. In this paper, a model based on the rate equation is proposed to extract the related parameters of the photoelectron transport. The photoelectrons suffer from both intraminiband and interminiband relaxation. The extracted interminiband relaxation time is 11 ps, while the intraminiband one is in the subpicosecond range. In addition, this structure can also be utilized as an infrared photodetector. Our analysis shows that the fast intraminiband relaxation is the dominant mechanism of the maximum achievable responsivity of the detector and the theoretical model not only provides the insight of the photoelectron transport in the superlattice miniband but also is useful for designing a superlattice infrared photodetector.
Emerging Topics on Personalized and Localized Multimedia Information Systems (2014)

We are experiencing an era with a rapid increase of data relevant to different aspects of users' daily life. On the one hand, such data contains personal information of each individual user. On the other hand, it also reflects user behaviors related to the society as data of more users is aggregated. These data could not only be very beneficial for studying various lifestyle patterns, but also be used to generate more descriptive and explanatory analysis across the landscape of diverse multimedia data. Using personal mobile devices and web services to systematically explore interesting aspects of people world has attracted much attention recently. This is a full-day tutorial that addresses emerging topics on personalized and localized multimedia technologies and applications and emphasizes knowledge sensing and discovery in multimedia landscape. This tutorial aims to deliver anoverall introduction to multimedia landscapes with multimedia processing, contextual data acquisition, people activity logs, data analytics, geographic-aware multimedia sharing and delivery, and serves as an important lecture on fundamental and advanced research areas of personalized and localized multimedia information systems.
Identification of Polyphenol Derivatives as Novel SARS-CoV-2 and DENV Non-Nucleoside RdRp Inhibitors (2022)

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and dengue fever (DF) pandemics both remain to be significant public health concerns in the foreseeable future. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and vaccines are both indispensable to eliminate the epidemic situation. Here, two piperazine-based polyphenol derivatives <b>DF-47</b> and <b>DF-51</b> were identified as potential inhibitors directly blocking the active site of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV RdRp. Data through RdRp inhibition screening of an in-house library and in vitro antiviral study selected <b>DF-47</b> and <b>DF-51</b> as effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2/DENV polymerase. Moreover, in silico simulation revealed stable binding modes between the <b>DF-47</b>/<b>DF-51</b> and SARS-CoV-2/DENV RdRp, respectively, including chelating with Mg<sup>2+</sup> near polymerase active site. This work discovered the inhibitory effect of two polyphenols on distinct viral RdRp, which are expected to be developed into broad-spectrum, non-nucleoside RdRp inhibitors with new scaffold.
Energy Window Optimization for X-Ray K-Edge Tomographic Imaging (2015)

Our study provides a practical way to determine the optimal energy window width of photon counting detectors, which helps improve contrast resolution for X-ray K-edge tomographic imaging.
Recommendations For Streaming Data (2016)

Recommender systems have become increasingly popular in recent years because of the broader popularity of many web-enabled electronic commerce applications. However, most recommender systems today are designed in the context of an offline setting. The online setting is, however, much more challenging because the existing methods do not work very effectively for very large-scale systems. In many applications, it is desirable to provide real-time recommendations in large-scale scenarios. The main problem in applying streaming algorithms for recommendations is that the in-core storage space for memory-resident operations is quite limited. In this paper, we present a probabilistic neighborhood-based algorithm for performing recommendations in real-time. We present experimental results, which show the effectiveness of our approach in comparison to state-of-the-art methods.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF A METHYLDIAZO COMPLEX OF TUNGSTEN, (η5‐C5H5)W(CO)2(N2CH3), AT LOW TEMPERATURE (1979)

Abstract Eine verbesserte Darstellungsmethode für den Titelkomplex (III) aus dem Hydridokomplex (I) und Diazomethan (II) wird beschrieben.
Synergistic growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis by a novel mixed backbone antisense oligonucleotide targeting CRIPTO in combination with C225 anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody and 8-Cl-cAMP in human GEO colon cancer cells. (1999)

We have evaluated the antiproliferative effect of a novel mixed backbone antisense oligonucleotide generated against the 5'-coding region of the human CRIPTO mRNA in GEO human colon cancer cells. We have also evaluated the effects of this anti-CRIPTO antisense oligonucleotide in combination with a chimeric anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (MAb C225) and with 8-Cl-cAMP, a cAMP analog that specifically inhibits type I protein kinase A (PKAI), since a functional EGFR-driven autocrine pathway is operative and PKAI is overexpessed in GEO colon cancer cells. Treatment with a single agent at low doses determined a 15-35% growth inhibition. A synergistic antiproliferative effect was observed when combinations of two agents were used with a co-operativity quotient ranging between 1.5 and 2.2. Furthermore, the combined treatment with all three drugs caused an almost complete suppression of the ability of GEO cells to form colonies in soft agar. We next evaluated whether any combination of 8-Cl-cAMP, the anti-CRIPTO antisense oligonucleotide and MAb C225 could induce programmed cell death in GEO cells. Treatment with each agent alone at all doses tested did not cause DNA fragmentation. The treatment with any combination of two agents was not able to induce apoptosis. In contrast, treatment with all three compounds determined an approximately three-fold increase in DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, the combination of selective antineoplastic agents directed against different but related key signal tranduction pathways efficiently inhibits cell growth and causes apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells.
Electron transfer processes occurring on platinum neural stimulating electrodes: a tutorial on thei(Ve) profile (2016)

The aim of this tutorial is to encourage members of the neuroprosthesis community to incorporate electron transfer processes into their thinking and provide them with the tools to do so when they design and work with neurostimulating devices. The focus of this article is on platinum because it is the most used electrode metal for devices in commercial use. The i(V e) profile or cyclic voltammogram contains information about electron transfer processes that can occur when the electrode-electrolyte interface, V e, is at a specific potential, and assumed to be near steady-state conditions. For the engineer/designer this means that if the potential is not in the range of a specific electron transfer process, that process cannot occur. An i(V e) profile, recorded at sweep rates greater than 0.1 mVs(-1), approximates steady-state conditions. Rapid transient potential excursions, like that seen with neural stimulation pulses, may be too fast for the reaction to occur, however, this means that if the potential is in the range of a specific electron transfer process it may occur and should be considered. The approach described here can be used to describe the thermodynamic electron transfer processes on other candidate electrode metals, e.g. stainless steel, iridium, carbon-based, etc.
Effects of a Reduced Dose Schedule and Intramuscular Administration of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed on Immunogenicity and Safety at 7 Months<subtitle>A Randomized Trial</subtitle> (2008)

The 4-IM and 3-IM regimens of AVA provided noninferior immunological priming by month 7 when compared with the 4-SQ licensed regimen. Intramuscular administration significantly reduced the occurrence of injection site AEs. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00119067.
Three-level Gate Drive Technique for Enhancing Switching Loss Reduction in Triple-Gate IGBTs (2022)

A three-level gate drive control technique concept has been proposed to drastically improve both turn-on loss (Eon) and turn-off loss (Eoff) for a 1.2-kV triple-gate insulated-gate bipolar transistor (TG-IGBT). Eon and Eoff were reduced to 66% and 35% respectively compared with a conventional single-gate IGBT. This result indicates that it is possible to overcome the limitations of Si by optimizing the device structure and gate drive control.
<title>Design of an optical pickup using double holographic lenses</title> (1996)

An optical pickup system for optical disc drives utilizes optical elements for information signal detection, focus-error detection and track-error detection. We propose an optical pickup using double holographic lenses--replacing conventional optical elements for focus-error detection and track-error detection--to reduce the pickup size. There are two important requirements when using holograms for an optical pickup. One is to compensate for chromatic aberration caused by laser diode wavelength deviation, and the other is to obtain an appropriate beam spot size for focus-error detection. To meet these requirements, we used double holograms, where one has divergent power and the other convergent power. By optimizing the double hologram pattern, the optical system is achromatized. We observed the achromatic effect, 0.07 (lambda) (RMS) for a laser diode wavelength change of +/- 10 nm. The beam position error was less than +/- 1 micrometers . We reduced the NA of the system to give a relatively large spot beam and a large depth of focus.