gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speaker verification performance comparison based on traditional and electromagnetic sensor pitch extraction (1999)

This work compares the speaker verification performance between a traditional acoustic-only pitch extraction to a new electromagnetic (EM) sensor based pitch approach system. The pitch estimation approach was developed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) utilizing Glottal Electromagnetic Micropower Sensors (GEMS, also see http://speech.llnl.gov/). This work expands previous pitch detection work by Burnett et al. [IEEE Trans. Speech and Audio Processing (to be published)] to the specific application of speaker verification using dynamic time warping. Clearly, a distinct advantage of GEMS is its insensitivity to acoustic ambient noise. This work demonstrates the clear advantage of the GEMS pitch extraction to improve speaker verification error rates. Cases with added white noise and other speech noise were also examined to show the strengths of the GEMS sensor in these conditions. The EM sensor speaker verification process operated without change over signal-to-noise (SNR) conditions ranging from −20 to −2.5 dB; the acoustic algorithms became unusable at SNR exceeding −10 dB. [Work supported by NSF and DOE.]
Zn^+ Implanted Silicon Waveguide Photodiodes for On-Chip Mid-Infrared Detection (2014)

We present the first experimental demonstration of Zn+ implanted Si waveguide photodiodes for 2.2-2.4 μm operation. Preliminary responsivities &gt; 65 mA/W are measured, suggesting suitability for on-chip sensing and communications applications in the mid-infrared.
Dual Band Bowtie Antenna with Matching Stub for Medical Application (2018)

In this paper, the dual band bowtie antenna is proposed. The bowtie antenna is operating at 2.45 GHz for hyperthermia and from 3.35 GHz to 9.3 GHz for microwave imaging system. The open stubs are applied for a broadband impedance matching. To show the possibility of applying the microwave imaging system, time domain characteristics are analyzed.
Fundamental study of extreme UV resist line edge roughness: Characterization, experiment, and modeling (2012)

Mitigation of line edge roughness (LER) remains a significant practical issue for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist performance at 22 nm dimensions and below. The authors have applied a suite of experimental characterization techniques and simulation methods to a set of model EUV resists with the aim of strengthening fundamental understanding of the nature and origins of LER. The influence of resist film composition on LER has been evaluated for positive-tone chemically amplified polymer and NORIA molecular glass resists, and has been correlated the effects with surface roughness on resist films exposed at doses comparable to those at the image line edge. The effect of developer type on LER has been characterized using two distinct developer compositions that provide aqueous base positive-tone and organic solvent negative-tone processes. The time evolution of image roughness during pattern development has been visualized using interrupted development in a flow cell configuration that halts the dissolution process at different elapsed times. A nondestructive three-dimensional atomic force microscopy technique has been used to characterize side wall roughness after sequential steps in a trilayer (resist/etch barrier/underlayer) process. Finally, a combination of analytic theory and computational modeling has been applied to examine the effect of material properties on LER. Using detailed models of polymeric and molecular glass resists, the development process was simulated on length scales (>1 μm) relevant for LER using a massively parallel supercomputer system. These simulations provide predictions of LER scaling with polymer molecular weight, and with the dimension of the zone undergoing dissolution. A comparison of modeling results indicates that LER characteristics of polymer and molecular glass resists will be similar, with the effect of molecular architecture only notable at spatial frequencies greater than 0.1 nm−1.
Solid/Condensed Phase Aftertreatment Systems (2014)

Abstract Internal combustion engines are a critical component of the transportation industry and a key contributor to urban air quality concerns. Of significant importance are the unavoidable emissions of particulate matter from these sources. This chapter examines the issues surrounding the nature of particulate matter, its regulation and the technology used for its control. The topic is introduced by first giving the legal and physical definitions of particulate matter, followed by a discussion of the impacts of particulates and a brief overview of the regulatory landscape. The discussion then turns to the primary control technology for particulates, that is, filtration. The mechanisms of filtration are described along with the physical description of real‐world approaches. Finally, this chapter concludes with a discussion of how particulate filtration devices are integrated into the overall vehicle system, the performance implications, and practical concerns regarding their reliability.
Simultaneous Assay of Felbamate plus Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, and Their Metabolites by Liquid Chromatography with Mobile Phase Optimization (1990)

Felbamate is an investigational antiepileptic drug (AED) in clinical trials. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous analysis of felbamate, phenytoin (PHT), 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, carbamazepine (CBZ), carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, and carbamazepine-10,11-diol in serum was developed by a mobile phase optimization technique. Capacity factors for the compounds of interest and 12 other AEDs and metabolites were determined with mixtures of methanol, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran and a 0.01 M ammonium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, on a reversed-phase C8 column. An optimized mobile phase composition was determined that could separate the compounds of interest and three internal standards in less than 15 min. Serum was extracted with CH2Cl2/ethyl acetate (2:1) after addition of three internal standards. The method was validated for within-day and between-day precision and accuracy for the six compounds. Coefficients of variation were generally less than 10% at all concentrations and less than 5% in the typical therapeutic range for each compound. The lower limit of detection was estimated at 0.2 micrograms/ml for CBZ and its metabolites and 0.5 micrograms/ml for felbamate and PHT. For felbamate, the lowest point on the standard curve was 1.88 micrograms/ml with a between-day variability of 10.3%. The assay was used to determine the serum concentrations of PHT and CBZ and its metabolites in a subject before, during, and after felbamate therapy.
An Advanced External Compensation System for Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays With Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistor Backplane (2010)

An advanced method for externally compensating the nonuniform electrical characteristics of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) and the degradation of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices is proposed, and the method is verified using a 14.1-in active matrix OLED (AMOLED) panel. The proposed method provides an effective solution for high-image-quality AMOLED displays by removing IR-drop and temperature effects during the sensing and displaying operations of the external compensation method. Experimental results show that the electrical characteristics of TFTs and OLEDs are successfully sensed, and that the stained image pattern due to the nonuniform luminance error and the differential aging of the OLED is removed. The luminance error range without compensation is from -6.1% to 9.0%, but it is from -1.1% to 1.2% using the external compensation at the luminance level of 120 cd/m(2) in a 14.1-inch AMOLED panel.
Adaptações de contos dos Grimm em livros ilustrados para a infância e a juventude em Portugal (2015)

Les Frères Grimm ont été critiqués par leurs contemporains pour avoir changé la forme et le contenu des contes originaux qu’ils ont recueillis, et pour avoir maintenu des éléments qui pourraient heurter la sensibilité des plus jeunes. Cette polémique a duré, en Allemagne, notamment, et s’est poursuivie jusqu’à nos jours. Les adaptations pour la littérature d’enfance et de jeunesse qui circulent au Portugal nous montrent que c’est une question d’hier et d’aujourd’hui, comme nous le verrons à partir de la comparaison et de l’analyse de certains contes que nous considérons significatifs, tant de par leur dimension esthétique que de par la manière dont ils traitent certains aspects moraux.
The Soft Compiler: A Web-Based Tool for the Design of Modular Pneumatic Circuits for Soft Robots (2022)

Developing soft circuits from individual soft logic gates poses a unique challenge: with increasing numbers of logic gates, the design and implementation of circuits leads to inefficiencies due to mathematically unoptimized circuits and wiring mistakes during assembly. It is therefore practically important to introduce design tools that support the development of soft circuits. We developed a web-based graphical user interface, the Soft Compiler, that accepts a user-defined robot behavior as a truth table to generate a mathematically optimized circuit diagram that guides the assembly of a soft fluidic circuit. We describe the design and experimental verification of three soft circuits of increasing complexity, using the Soft Compiler as a design tool and a novel pneumatic glove as an input interface. In one example, we reduce the size of a soft circuit from the original 11 logic gates to 4 logic gates while maintaining circuit functionality. The Soft Compiler is a web-based design tool for fluidic, soft circuits and published under open-source MIT License.
Influence of a variable Rayleigh scattering-loss coefficient on the light backscattering in multimode optical fibers (2017)

The recently developed diffraction technique of analytical investigation of the Rayleigh backscattering produced by an incident fundamental mode in a multimode optical fiber with an arbitrary refractive index profile is supplemented by taking into account the Rayleigh scattering-loss coefficient, which could be variable within the fiber cross section. The relative changes in various radial and azimuthal modes' excitation levels, due to some typical radial dependences of this coefficient, are computed for the quadratic- and step-index fibers. It is stated that the excitation efficiency could either rise or decay for different modes. The effect of the variable Rayleigh scattering-loss coefficient is shown to be more noticeable in the fibers with a quadratic refractive index profile, whereas it is negligible in actual multimode step-index fibers.
KIR + CD8 + T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 (2022)

In this work, we find that CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are the human equivalent of Ly49<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells in mice and are increased in the blood and inflamed tissues of patients with a variety of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, these CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells efficiently eliminated pathogenic gliadin-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from the leukocytes of celiac disease patients in vitro. We also find elevated levels of KIR<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, but not CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells, in COVID-19 patients, correlating with disease severity and vasculitis. Selective ablation of Ly49<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in virus-infected mice led to autoimmunity after infection. Our results indicate that in both species, these regulatory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells act specifically to suppress pathogenic T cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases.
14‐1: Large‐Area Processing of Solution Type Metal‐Oxide in TFT Backplanes and Integration in Highly Stable OLED Displays (2017)

Solution type metal‐oxide semiconductor was processed on mass‐production ready equipment and integrated in a backplane with ESL architecture TFTs. Excellent thickness uniformity of the semiconductor layer was obtained over the complete Gen1 glass substrate (320 mm x 352 mm), resulting in homogeneous TFT performance and bias stress reliability. An 85‐ppi QVGA AMOLED display is demonstrated.
Derivación cuantificacional: primera parte (2015)

El video desarrolla el tema de Formulacion de proposiciones categoricas cuantificacionales atipicas y la derivacion de formulas cuantificacionales.
Capacity-optimal relay and base station placement in wireless networks (2012)

In this paper, we consider a finite geographic area with multiple mobile stations (MSs) uniformly distributed within the area and multiple candidate locations (CLs) for deploying base stations (BSs) and relay stations (RSs) to serve the MSs. For this network scenario, we study the joint optimal placement of BSs and RSs into those CLs, and MS and RS power allocations such that the sum-capacity of the network is maximized while the target data rate of each MS is achieved. In order to investigate the energy-efficiency trade-offs between deploying BSs and RSs, we provide an iterative algorithm which first maximizes the sum-capacity of the network by optimally deploying a certain number of BSs. Then, the algorithm decreases the number of BSs to be deployed optimally by one and continues deploying RSs until the same sum-rate is achieved. The process continues until the number of optimally deployed BS is 1 and the number of optimally deployed RSs is less than or equal to the total number of candidate RS locations. Our numerical results suggest that significant gains in terms of reduction of total transmitted power can be obtained by replacing BSs with RSs. However, this gain diminishes when the number of BSs became too small which makes the BS-RS and RS-MS distances too large for energy efficient communications.
Search for direct pair production of the top squark in all-hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2014)

The results of a search for direct pair production of the scalar partner to the top quark using an integrated luminosity of 20.1 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are reported. The top squark is assumed to decay via or , where denotes the lightest neutralino (chargino) in supersymmetric models. The search targets a fully-hadronic final state in events with four or more jets and large missing transverse momentum. No significant excess over the Standard Model background prediction is observed, and exclusion limits are reported in terms of the top squark and neutralino masses and as a function of the branching fraction of . For a branching fraction of 100%, top squark masses in the range 270-645 GeV are excluded for masses below 30 GeV. For a branching fraction of 50% to either or , and assuming the mass to be twice the mass, top squark masses in the range 250-550 GeV are excluded for masses below 60 GeV.
High-power semiconductor lasers at eye-safe wavelengths (2009)

InP based diode lasers are required to realize the next generation of eyesafe applications, including direct rangefinding and HEL weapons systems. We report on the progress of high power eyesafe single spatial and longitudinal mode 1550nm MOPA devices, where we have achieved peak powers in excess of 10W with 50ns pulse widths. A conceptual model based on our recent MOPA results show the path towards scaling to high powers based on spatial beam combination with operating conditions suitable for direct rangefinding applications. We also report on the progress towards high power 14xx and 15xx nm pump lasers for eyesafe HEL systems.
Fanout, Replication, and Buffer Sizing for a Class of Self-Routing Packet-Switched Multistage Photonic Switch Fabrics (1995)

We present the Stretch multistage switch; a class of self-routing multistage interconnection networks that provides a continuous performance-cost tradeoff between two of its degenerate forms: the Knockout switch 1 and the Tandem banyan network 2 . Stretch networks utilize simple destination tag routing and can be designed to achieve low delay and arbitrarily low blocking probabilities for random, permutation, and non-uniform traffic without using internal buffers in the switches. These qualities make them useful for both fast packet (ATM) switching and multiprocessor architectures. The flexibility of the architecture helps the designer to accommodate user requirements in terms of packet loss probabilities while allowing the structure of network to be driven by technology considerations. The advantages of the Stretch multistage switching fabric come to bear in cases where the number of channels is very large and the ability to use fanout in the network is available. These considerations make it a good candidate for a photonic implementation. In this paper, we discuss the design of switch fabric and suggest a possible photonic switch implementation.
Protection and sensitization of normal and tumor cells to proton radiation by cerium oxide nanoparticles (2015)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles are investigated as radioprotectors and radiosensitizers for normal (healthy) and tumor cells for charged particle radiation. Results are presented for cell survival and DNA damage for in-vitro irradiation of normal breast epithelial cells and prostate tumor cells by 1.5 - 3.0 MeV protons
Effects of water sorption on the physical properties of PET, PBT, and their long fibers composites (1990)

Abstract The behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) on water aging has been studied above and below the glass transition temperature ( T g ). The aging process is caused by: degradation of the matrix and an increase in crystallinity above T g , and microcavitation at the amorphous/crystalline interface below T g . Such behavior well explains the deviation of the sorption kinetics from the Fickian model. The apparent water diffusion coefficients and the transport activation energies of PET and PBT have been calculated at temperatures above and below T g . The mechanical behavior of the two polymers on water aging has been measured by means of fracture mechanics and Izod impact tests at different stress concentration factors. An increase of toughness of PET at short aging times has been shown by mechanical tests and SEM analysis fracture surfaces of differently aged samples. Izod tests of PET and PBT composites reinforced by long glass fibers have shown the contribution of fibers to the total fracture energy.
A search for germline APC mutations in early onset colorectal cancer or familial colorectal cancer with normal DNA mismatch repair (2001)

Twenty percent of colorectal cancers (CRCs) arise in people who have a family history of CRC in at least one other relative. Although a fraction of these CRCs are explained by two well-described autosomal dominant syndromes-5% by hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and 1% by familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-the cause of the remaining 14% of familial aggregates of CRC is unknown. Many cases of HNPCC are due to germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, leading to the tumor phenotype of microsatellite instability (MSI), and most cases of FAP are caused by germline APC mutations. To date, non-FAP familial CRC aggregates have not been evaluated for germline APC mutations. In this study, we examined the involvement of germline APC mutations in 79 individuals with CRC who had early-age onset of their cancer (age < 50 years) and/or a family history of CRC. Cases with FAP or HNPCC due to defective mismatch repair were excluded from the study. Using conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis and the protein truncation test as the screening methods, no functionally significant germline mutations were detected for any of the cases. An apparently silent polymorphism resulting in a 1-bp alteration of A --> G (proline --> proline) in exon 4 was observed. Additionally, four intervening sequence (IVS) alterations were detected: IVS2-53t-->c in 3 cases; IVS4-17ins T in 3 cases; IVS5+32t-->c in 16 cases; and IVS5+33g-->a in 1 case. All appeared to be polymorphisms present in similar proportions in an average-risk population. We conclude that germline APC mutations do not account for familial MSS (stable microsatellite) CRC associated with few synchronous polyps.
Continuous Flow Fabrication of MoS2 Scrolls for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2022)

Controlling the morphology and structure of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides has potential applications in renewable energies, electronics, and electrocatalysis. Transforming readily available 2D MoS2 sheets into scrolls with active edges is of interest in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Here, we demonstrate a facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly process for scrolling 2D-MoS2 sheets under continuous flow using a vortex fluidic device (VFD). The scalable process can be optimized for high yield transformation with respect to processing parameters in the VFD, notably, the tilt angle of the rapidly rotating tube, flow rate, concentration, and choice of solvent. The active edges of the MoS2 scrolls showed high activities toward the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction at low overpotentials with a Tafel slopes of 41 mV·dec–1, making it an attractive material in electrolytic water splitting.
Structural Determinants of Integrin Binding to the Talin Rod (2009)

The adaptor protein talin serves both to activate the integrin family of cell adhesion molecules and to couple integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Integrin activation has been shown to involve binding of the talin FERM domain to membrane proximal sequences in the cytoplasmic domain of the integrin beta-subunit. However, a second integrin-binding site (IBS2) has been identified near the C-terminal end of the talin rod. Here we report the crystal structure of IBS2 (residues 1974-2293), which comprises two five-helix bundles, "IBS2-A" (1974-2139) and "IBS2-B" (2140-2293), connected by a continuous helix with a distinct kink at its center that is stabilized by side-chain H-bonding. Solution studies using small angle x-ray scattering and NMR point to a fairly flexible quaternary organization. Using pull-down and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we demonstrate that integrin binding requires both IBS2 domains, as does binding to acidic phospholipids and robust targeting to focal adhesions. We have defined the membrane proximal region of the integrin cytoplasmic domain as the major binding region, although more membrane distal regions are also required for strong binding. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis points to an important electrostatic component to binding. Thermal unfolding experiments show that integrin binding induces conformational changes in the IBS2 module, which we speculate are linked to vinculin and membrane binding.
Modeling of nematic electrolyte and nonlinear electroosmosis (2016)

We derive a mathematical model of a nematic electrolyte based on the Leslie-Ericksen theory of liquid crystal flow. Our goal is to investigate the nonlinear electrokinetic effects that occur because the nematic matrix is anisotropic, in particular, transport of ions in a direction perpendicular to the electric field as well as quadratic dependence of the induced flow velocity on the electric field. The latter effect makes it possible to generate sustained flows in the nematic electrolyte that do not reverse their direction when the polarity of the applied electric field is reversed. From a practical perspective, this enables the design of AC-driven electrophoretic and electroosmotic devices. Our study of a special flow in a thin nematic film shows a very good agreement with laboratory experiments.