gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon Beta-1α ring prophylaxis to reduce household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: the Containing Coronavirus Disease-19 randomized clinical trial (2022)

Abstract Importance Evidence suggests that early, robust type 1 interferon responses to SARS-CoV-2 are critical determinants for COVID-19 disease outcomes, accelerating viral clearance and limiting viral shedding. Objective We undertook a ring prophylaxis study to determine whether pegylated IFNβ-1α could reduce SARS-CoV-2 household transmission. Design A cluster randomized clinical trial of pegylated IFNβ-1α conducted in Santiago, Chile. Recruitment was conducted between December 4 th 2020, and 31 st May 2021, with the last follow-up completed June 29 th 2021. Setting The study was conducted across 341 households in the metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile. Participants Index cases were identified from databases of those with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 clinics and emergency room visits in Santiago, Chile. 5,154 index cases were assessed for eligibility, 1,372 index cases were invited to participate, and 341 index cases and their household contacts (n = 831) were enrolled in the study. Intervention Households were cluster randomized to receive 125µg subcutaneous pegylated IFNβ-1α (n = 172 households, 607 participants), or standard care (n = 169 households, 565 participants). Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s) Frequentist and Bayesian analyses were undertaken to determine the effects of treatment on (i) reducing viral shedding in index cases and (ii) reducing viral transmission to treatment-eligible household contacts. Four secondary outcomes were assessed including duration of viral shedding, effects on viral transmission and seroconversion, incidence of hospitalization, and incidence and severity of reported adverse events. A post-hoc ‘at risk population’ was defined as households where the index case was positive at the start of the study and there was at least one treatment eligible contact in a household who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Results In total, 1172 participants in 341 households underwent randomization, with 607 assigned to receive IFNβ-1α and 565 to standard care. Based on intention to treat and per protocol analyses, IFNβ-1α treatment was ineffective. However, in the ‘at risk’ population, the relative risk of infection was reduced by 23% in treated individuals and that there was a 95% probability that IFNβ-1α reduced household transmission Conclusions and Relevance Ring prophylaxis with IFNβ-1α reduces the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission within a household. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04552379
Challenges and Potential of N-polar GaN HEMT for beyond 5G Wireless Network (2022)

This paper describes the advantages of N-polar GaN HEMT by comparing device characteristics with those of Ga-polar HEMT. The N-polar GaN HEMT epi-structure, which was designed for RF devices, was grown on 4-inch semi-insulating SiC substrate by MOCVD with smooth surface morphology and low sheet resistance non-uniformity of 1.2%. This paper reports, for the first time, N-polar HEMTs which were fabricated using the same 4-inch wafer process facilities and our manufacturing expertise for commercial Ga-polar GaN HEMTs. The reported N-polar GaN HEMT achieved drain current density of 1.74 A/mm and drain conductance of less than 40 mS/mm. Both of these are superior to Ga-polar GaN HEMT. Using hafnium oxide-based dielectrics, high-k gate insulators were developed and achieved a relative permittivity of 17. N-polar GaN HEMTs with these high-k gate insulators were fabricated and these devices reached a sufficient level to be used for high frequency RF power amplifiers. These results indicate that N-polar GaN HEMTs will be the key technology for next generation high power and high frequency power amplifiers.
Humeral Torque in Professional Baseball Pitchers (2004)

Fractures are most likely to occur near the time of maximum shoulder external rotation when humeral torque peaks. Pitchers whose elbows were more extended at stride foot contact tended to have lower peak humeral torques.
Airborne Multi-Gas Sensor (2015)

A multi-gas sensing technique based upon two-tone, frequency modulation spectroscopy (TT-FMS) intended for use on a variety of airborne platforms is demonstrated. TT-FMS enables sensitivity comparable to cavity-enhanced methods but with significant advantages in robustness, reliability, power consumption, cost and weight. Multiplexing of TT-FMS provides simultaneous, real-time measurement of carbon dioxide and methane using a single optical path and detector. With standard telecommunication laser diodes used as light sources, the measurement precision of 1–2 × 10−6 Hz−1/2 is demonstrated.
High cycle life all-solid-state fluoride ion battery with La2NiO4+d high voltage cathode (2020)

Abstract Fluoride ion batteries (FIBs) are a recent alternative all-solid-state battery technology. However, the FIB systems proposed so far suffer from poor cycling performance. In this work, we report La 2 NiO 4.13 with a Ruddlesden-Popper type structure as an intercalation-based active cathode material in all solid-state FIB with excellent cycling performance. The critical charging conditions to maintain the conductivity of the cell were determined, which seems to be a major obstacle towards improving the cycling stability of FIBs. For optimized operating conditions, a cycle life of about 60 cycles and over 220 cycles for critical cut-off capacities of 50 mAh/g and 30 mAh/g, respectively, could be achieved, with average Coulombic efficiencies between 95 – 99%. Cycling of the cell is a result of fluorination/de-fluorination into and from the La 2 NiO 4+d cathode, and it is revealed that La 2 NiO 4.13 is a multivalent electrode material. Our findings suggest that La 2 NiO 4.13 is a promising high energy cathode for FIBs.
VelociGene: a high-throughput approach for functionizing the genome via custom gene mutation and high-resolution expression analysis in mice (2003)

The remarkable generation of scores of increasingly sophisticated mouse models of mammary cancer over the past two decades has provided tremendous insights into molecular derangements that can lead to cancer. The relationships of these models to human breast cancer, however, remain problematic. Recent advances in genomic technologies offer significant opportunities to identify critical changes that occur during cancer evolution and to distinguish in a complex and comprehensive manner the key similarities and differences between mouse models and human cancer. Comparisons between mouse and human tumors are being performed using comparative genomic hybridization, gene expression profiling, and proteomic analyses. The appropriate use of genetically engineered mouse models of mammary cancer in preclinical studies remains an important challenge which may also be aided by genomic technologies. Genomic approaches to cancer are generating huge datasets that represent a complex system of underlying networks of genetic interactions. Mouse models offer a tremendous opportunity to identify such networks and how they relate to human cancer. The challenge of the future remains to decipher these networks in order to identify the genetic nodes of oncogenesis that may be important targets for chemoprevention and therapy.
Cell-specific proteomic analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans (2015)

Proteomic analysis of rare cells in heterogeneous environments presents difficult challenges. Systematic methods are needed to enrich, identify, and quantify proteins expressed in specific cells in complex biological systems including multicellular plants and animals. Here, we have engineered a Caenorhabditis elegans phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase capable of tagging proteins with the reactive noncanonical amino acid p-azido-L-phenylalanine. We achieved spatiotemporal selectivity in the labeling of C. elegans proteins by controlling expression of the mutant synthetase using cell-selective (body wall muscles, intestinal epithelial cells, neurons, and pharyngeal muscle) or state-selective (heat-shock) promoters in several transgenic lines. Tagged proteins are distinguished from the rest of the protein pool through bioorthogonal conjugation of the azide side chain to probes that permit visualization and isolation of labeled proteins. By coupling our methodology with stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), we successfully profiled proteins expressed in pharyngeal muscle cells, and in the process, identified proteins not previously known to be expressed in these cells. Our results show that tagging proteins with spatiotemporal selectivity can be achieved in C. elegans and illustrate a convenient and effective approach for unbiased discovery of proteins expressed in targeted subsets of cells.
Ultrafast Doppler Imaging of Blood Flow Dynamics in the Myocardium (2012)

Imaging intramyocardial vascular flows in real-time could strongly help to achieve better diagnostic of cardiovascular diseases. To date, no standard imaging modality allows describing accurately myocardial blood flow dynamics with good spatial and temporal resolution. We recently introduced a novel ultrasonic Doppler imaging technique based on compounded plane waves transmissions at ultrafast frame rate. The high sensitivity of this ultrafast Doppler technique permits to image the intramyocardial blood flow and its dynamics. A dedicated demodulation-filtering process is implemented to compensate for the large tissue velocity of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle. A signed power Doppler processing provides the discrimination between arterial and venous flows. Experiments were performed in vivo in a large animal open chest model ( N = 5 sheep) using a conventional ultrasonic probe placed at the surface of the heart. Results show the capability of the technique to image intramyocardial vascular flows in normal physiological conditions with good spatial (200 μm) and temporal resolution (10 ms). Flow dynamics over the cardiac cycle were investigated and the imaging method demonstrated a phase opposition of flow waveforms between arterial and venous flows. Finally, ultrafast Doppler combined with tissue motion compensation was found able to reveal vascular flow disruption in ischemic regions during occlusion of the main diagonal coronary artery.
A 5-GHz 108-Mb/s 2$\times$2 MIMO Transceiver RFIC With Fully Integrated 20.5-dBm ${\rm P}_{\rm 1dB}$ Power Amplifiers in 90-nm CMOS (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Multiple antenna transceivers combined with MIMO signal processing offer the potential for increased data rates and/or range in wireless systems. This paper presents a fully integrated 5-GHz 2&lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$\times$&lt;/tex&gt; &lt;/formula&gt;2 MIMO WLAN transceiver RFIC implemented in 90-nm CMOS. The paper identifies the key MIMO integration issues and proposes techniques to optimize MIMO performance. It is shown that crosstalk between the multiple transceivers residing on the same die can degrade MIMO performance and has to be carefully minimized, especially when power amplifiers are integrated on-die. A shared LO generation and distribution network is designed to maximize MIMO phase noise immunity without introducing undesired crosstalk. The fabricated MIMO receiver achieves a sensitivity of &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$-$&lt;/tex&gt; &lt;/formula&gt;63 dBm while receiving 108 Mb/s in MIMO spatial multiplexing mode in the presence of a 25-ns Rayleigh fading channel. The sensitivity of a single receiver in the presence of AWGN noise is &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$-$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt;76 dBm. Linearized 3.3-V 5-GHz power amplifiers with &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;${\rm P}_{\rm 1dB}=20.5\ \hbox{dBm}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; deliver an average power of &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt; &lt;tex&gt;$+13/+16\ \hbox{dBm}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; each, in MIMO/SISO modes respectively &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$(\hbox{EVM}=-27/-25\ {\hbox {dB}})$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt;. The measured performance demonstrates the effectiveness of the isolation techniques employed. The system in a package includes an 18 &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt; &lt;tex&gt;${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; die and microstrip front-end matching networks implemented on a flip-chip package. </para>
Simultaneous Increase in Seebeck Coefficient and Conductivity in a Doped Poly(alkylthiophene) Blend with Defined Density of States (2010)

The Seebeck coefficient, a defining parameter for thermoelectric materials, depends on the contributions to conductivity of charge carriers at energies away from the Fermi level. Highly conductive materials tend to exhibit conductivity from carriers close to the Fermi level. In this article, we propose polymer blends in which ground state hole carriers, created by doping a minor additive component, are mainly at an orbital energy set below the hole energy of the major component of the blend. Transport, however, is expected to occur through the major component. This leads to a regime in which hole conductivity and Seebeck coefficient may be increased in parallel. While the absolute conductivity of the composite, and thus ZT, are not particularly high, this work demonstrates a route for designing thermoelectric materials in which increases in Seebeck coefficient and conductivity do not cancel each other.
Kinetic studies of the reduction of blue copper proteins by iron(EDTA)2- (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic studies of the reduction of blue copper proteins by iron(EDTA)2-Scot Wherland, R. A. Holwerda, R. C. Rosenberg, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 18, 5260–5262Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00851a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00851a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Integrated processing for the separation of biobutanol. Part A: experimental investigation and process modelling (2013)

Abstract n -Butanol is an important bulk chemical and a promising potential fuel additive. An alternative way to the chemical production of biobutanol from crude oil is the fermentation of biomass. However, the main drawback of this process is the toxicity of n -butanol towards the microorganisms resulting in a limited productivity. Additionally, high purification costs occur due to an energy-intensive distillation step which is used, up to now, as purification technology for the recovery of n -butanol. Therefore, alternative separation processes are discussed in this study. Extraction and pervaporation are two unit operations with high potential to overcome this problem. Because of their tuneable properties, the use of ionic liquids as extraction solvents for n -butanol recovery is a promising option; however, their economic potential is not obvious because of the relatively high costs. On the basis of those two unit operations, different potential processes to separate biobutanol from water are modelled using experimental data. Cost estimations result in purification costs of €0.230 kg -1 to €0.296 kg -1 n -butanol, which accounts for 20%–27% of the n -butanol market price in 2012.
Tribocharging Lunar Simulant in Vacuum for Electrostatic Beneficiation (2007)

Electrostatic beneficiation of lunar regolith has potential application for separating minerals for material processing on the moon. This paper describes the use of tribocharging lunar simulant prior to mineral grain separation. The lunar simulant JSC‐1 was sieved into five size fractions: <25μm, 25–50μm, 50–75μm, 75–100μm, >100μm for characterization, however only the 50–75μm fraction was passed through aluminum, copper and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) inclined plane chargers. The amount of charge acquired by the simulant is dependant upon the difference in the work function of the charging material and the mineral grain composition of the simulant itself. Various charge‐to‐mass ratios (Q/M) for the different tribocharging materials were obtained for JSC‐1 in vacuum as well as in air. XPS, SEM and Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the JSC‐1 simulant before and after beneficiation. Results indicate notable changes in mineral composition between pre‐ and post‐beneficiation samples after only a single pass through the aluminum inclined plane charger.
5-year progress on imaging performance of commercial PET scanners: a multi-center study towards harmonization of FDG-PET (2020)

1398 Objectives: Whole-body FDG-PET plays key roles in detection, staging, and characterization of malignant tumors. In oncologic clinical studies and trials, a standardized uptake value (SUV) is often used as a quantitative biomarker although it is considerably affected by many factors such as imaging protocols, PET scanner specifications, and reconstruction parameters. On the other hand, clinical PET scanner performance has rapidly progressed by novel technologies such as point-spread function, time-of-flight, and penalized likelihood reconstruction. To establish a feasible and practical methodology for harmonization of FDG-PET, we are investigating quantitative physical performance of recent clinical PET scanners with the image quality phantom. Here, we compared the recent results with the phantom data that had been acquired about 5 years ago with the PET scanners of those days*. Methods: A total of 19 types of recent commercial PET/CT scanners used in a total of 16 centers were tested in this study. Of these, 15 scanners had TOF measurement capability. A NEMA image quality phantom having six spheres (10-37 mm in diameter) was used for image quality evaluation. The sphere-to-background radioactivity ratio was 4. The background radioactivity concentration was 2.53-2.65 kBq/mL. PET images with various scanning duration (30-300 sec, 1800 sec) were reconstructed using a clinical reconstruction setting in each site. For visual assessment, the PET images were evaluated according to the detectability of the 10-mm hot sphere on a 3-step scale (0, not visualized; 1, visualized, but similar hot spots are observed elsewhere; 2, identifiable) by five observers. We measured the percent contrast of the 10-mm hot sphere (QH,10mm), the background variability (N10mm), the coefficient of variation in the background area (CVBG), and the relative recovery coefficient (RC). The data were compared with the previous data published in 2014* that had been acquired with a total of 13 PET scanners released before 2011. Results: On the PET images with 120 sec acquisition, the median value for all scanners was 2.0 for visual detectability score, 28.7% for QH,10mm, 7.6% for N10mm, and 9.6% for CVBG. Those of the previous data was 0.8 for visual detectability score, 13.7% for QH,10mm, 8.3% for N10mm, and 12.3% for CVBG*. The relative RCs for the spheres with diameters of 22 mm or smaller were higher than the previous data. Overall, the visual detectability of the 10-mm sphere, contrast, image noise, and RC were clearly better than the previous data. Conclusions: We have revealed that imaging performance of commercial PET scanners has made remarkable progress in the past 5 years. For practical harmonization of FDG-PET, regular updates of standard phantom test methodology and harmonizing criteria are essential to adapt to new PET scanners with better imaging performance. (*Fukukita H, et al. Ann Nucl Med. 2014;28:693-705)
Improved Superorthogonal Codes Through Generalized Rotations (2007)

Concatenation of orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) with an outer trellis has led to simple and powerful codes, known as superorthogonal codes or space-time block trellis-coded modulation. In this letter, we generalize these codes by finding new code supersets and corresponding set partitioning, resulting in improved coding gain. We provide design guidelines for the labeling of the generalized code trellises and demonstrate the gains by several example designs for two and four transmit antennas
Visibility modulation using Reference Structures for human motion tracking (2004)

Human tracking using coded masks was demonstrated for a 2-dimensional case over a grid of sixteen cells using four sensors [1]. However, coded masks have the limitation of having low photon collection efficiency since most of the incident light is blocked by the mask and construction of masks for complex 3-dimensional segmentation of the space is an expensive process. Here, we describe the use of Fresnel lens arrays to modulate the visibility of the sensors. Fresnel lenses can be made out of plastics with suitable transmission characteristics in IR making them inexpensive and very light. Lens arrays can easily be fabricated with each lens having an independent orientation which would help in modulating the visibility of the sensors in any desired manner.
Reducing the screening during transmission using non-linear properties of high sensitivity superconductor radiofrequency coils for magnetic resonance micro imaging (2017)

International audience
Telomerase Suppression by Chromosome 6 in a Human Papillomavirus Type 16-Immortalized Keratinocyte Cell Line and in a Cervical Cancer Cell Line (2001)

Chromosome 6 may harbor a repressor of hTERT transcription, the loss of which may be involved in HPV-mediated immortalization.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acids and Peptides. Part 56. Synthesis of Pyrazinone Ring‐Containing Opioid Mimetics and Examination of Their Opioid Receptor Binding Activity. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.