gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkylation of enolate ions generated regiospecifically via organocopper reactions. Synthesis of decalin sesquiterpene valerane and of prostaglandin model systems (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of enolate ions generated regiospecifically via organocopper reactions. Synthesis of decalin sesquiterpene valerane and of prostaglandin model systemsGary H. Posner, Jeffrey Sterling J., Charles E. Whitten, Carl M. Lentz, and Daniel J. BrunelleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1, 107–118Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00834a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00834a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1164Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impact of Photon Transport Properties on the Detection Efficiency of Scintillator Arrays (2006)

For spatially resolved X- and gamma ray detection pixelated scintillator arrays are used. In this study we simulate the quantum gain process of a scintillator array and its impact on the detective quantum efficiency of the detector system. The simulation tool comprises a full physical Monte-Carlo model of the X-ray interactions as well as the transport processes of the scintillation photons within the detector system. As an example, we analyze an Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S:Pr scintillator array with typical 1 mm pixel pitch and TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based reflective material. The results indicate that for integrating systems fluorescence escape effects play a major role in the noise performance of scintillating pixel detectors. Additionally, the light generation and transport processes can have an impact on the signal-to-noise ratio.
2D Maps for Visual Analysis and Retrieval in Large Multi-Feature 3D Model Databases (2005)

Multimedia objects are often described by high-dimensional feature vectors which can be used for retrieval and clustering tasks. We have built an interactive retrieval system for 3D model databases that implements a variety of different feature transforms. Recently, we have enhanced the functionality of our system by integrating a SOM-based visualization module. In this poster demo, we show how 2D maps can be used to improve the effectiveness of retrieval, clustering, and over-viewing tasks in a 3D multimedia system.
Toward visual debugging (1994)

Much of the recent research in software visualization has been polarized toward two opposite domains. In one domain that we call data structure and program visualization , low-level canonical views of program structures are generated automatically. These types of views, which do not require programmer input or intervention, can be useful for testing and debugging software. Often, however, their generic, low-level views are not expressive enough to convey adequately how a program functions. In the second domain called algorithm animation , designers handcraft abstract, application-specific views that are useful for program understanding and teaching. Unfortunately, since algorithm animation development typically requires time-consuming design with a graphics package, it will not be used for debugging, where timeliness is a necessity. However, we speculate that the application-specific nature of algorithm animation views could be a valuable debugging aid for software developers as well, if only the views could be easy and rapid to create. We have developed a system called Lens that occupies a unique niche between the two domains discussed above and explores the capabilities that such a system may offer. Lens allows programmers to build rapidly (in minutes) algorithm animation-style program views without requiring any sophisticated graphics knowledge and without using textual coding. Lens also is integrated with a system debugger to promote iterative design and exploration.
Long-term results of middle cerebral artery aneurysm clipping in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (2018)

Microsurgical clipping of ruptured MCA aneurysms has several advantages over endovascular treatment, including durability over time. The authors report detailed outcome data of patients with ruptured MCA aneurysms who underwent microsurgical clipping as part of a prospective, randomized trial. These results should be used for comparison with future endovascular and surgical series to ensure that the best results are being achieved for patients with ruptured MCA aneurysms.
A Novel Biocidal Elastomer (2001)

Abstract Biocidal elastomeric materials have been produced by a three-step chemical process on commercial elastomers which are composed of a styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene triblock copolymer. The commercial elastomeric material employed was Kraton®G, produced by the Shell Chemical Company in Houston, Texas. The three-step process involved a Friedel-Crafts acylation of the styrene blocks of the elastomer, followed by a hydantoin ring formation reaction, and subsequent halogenation with chlorine or bromine. Both raw and processed elastomeric materials were studied. The biocidal efficacies of the materials were demonstrated using several species of bacteria. A few applications for the technology may include prevention of disease by biocidal surgical gloves, condoms, protective clothing, food packaging, and the prevention of biofouling in elastomeric tubing.
Electronic Measurements of Single-Molecule Catalysis by cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A (2013)

Single-molecule studies of enzymes open a window into their dynamics and kinetics. A single molecule of the catalytic domain of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) was attached to a single-walled carbon nanotube device for long-duration monitoring. The electronic recording clearly resolves substrate binding, ATP binding, and cooperative formation of PKA's catalytically functional, ternary complex. Using recordings of a single PKA molecule extending over 10 min and tens of thousands of binding events, we determine the full transition probability matrix and conversion rates governing formation of the apo, intermediate, and closed enzyme configurations. We also observe kinetic rates varying over 2 orders of magnitude from one second to another. Anti-correlation of the on and off rates for PKA binding to the peptide substrate, but not ATP, demonstrates that regulation of enzyme activity results from altering the stability of the PKA-substrate complex, not its binding to ATP. The results depict a highly dynamic enzyme offering dramatic possibilities for regulated activity, an attribute useful for an enzyme with crucial roles in cell signaling.
U-Net for SPECT Image Denoising (2019)

Single Photon Emitted Computed Tomography (SPECT) is characterized by low photon counts which results in a high degree of image noise. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying deep learning-based image denoising networks to this imaging modality. We propose a four-layered U-Net for denoising of SPECT images that was trained using data obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of XCAT phantoms. Our proposed network was able to increase image quality by a factor of 14.15 dB as measured with PSNR.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 5‐Fluorotubercidin. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Musical Aptitude Is Associated with AVPR1A-Haplotypes (2009)

Artistic creativity forms the basis of music culture and music industry. Composing, improvising and arranging music are complex creative functions of the human brain, which biological value remains unknown. We hypothesized that practicing music is social communication that needs musical aptitude and even creativity in music. In order to understand the neurobiological basis of music in human evolution and communication we analyzed polymorphisms of the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A), serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), catecol-O-methyltranferase (COMT), dopamin receptor D2 (DRD2) and tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), genes associated with social bonding and cognitive functions in 19 Finnish families (n = 343 members) with professional musicians and/or active amateurs. All family members were tested for musical aptitude using the auditory structuring ability test (Karma Music test; KMT) and Carl Seashores tests for pitch (SP) and for time (ST). Data on creativity in music (composing, improvising and/or arranging music) was surveyed using a web-based questionnaire. Here we show for the first time that creative functions in music have a strong genetic component (h(2) = .84; composing h(2) = .40; arranging h(2) = .46; improvising h(2) = .62) in Finnish multigenerational families. We also show that high music test scores are significantly associated with creative functions in music (p<.0001). We discovered an overall haplotype association with AVPR1A gene (markers RS1 and RS3) and KMT (p = 0.0008; corrected p = 0.00002), SP (p = 0.0261; corrected p = 0.0072) and combined music test scores (COMB) (p = 0.0056; corrected p = 0.0006). AVPR1A haplotype AVR+RS1 further suggested a positive association with ST (p = 0.0038; corrected p = 0.00184) and COMB (p = 0.0083; corrected p = 0.0040) using haplotype-based association test HBAT. The results suggest that the neurobiology of music perception and production is likely to be related to the pathways affecting intrinsic attachment behavior.
Two-Stage Optimization Method for Efficient Power Converter Design Including Light Load Operation (2011)

Power converter efficiency is always a hot topic for switch mode power supplies. Nowadays, high efficiency is required over a wide load range, e.g., 20%, 50%, and 100% load. Computer-aided design optimization is developed in this research study, to optimize off-line power converter efficiency from light load to full load. A two-stage optimization method to optimize power converter efficiency from light load to full load is proposed. The optimization procedure first breaks the converter design variables into many switching frequency loops. In each fixed switching frequency loop, the optimal designs for 20%, 50%, and 100% load are derived separately in the first stage, and an objective function using the optimization results in the first stage is formed in the second stage to consider optimizing efficiencies at 20%, 50%, and 100% load. Component efficiency models are also established to serve as the objective functions of optimizations. Prototypes 400 V to 12 V/25 A 300 W two-FET forward converters are built to verify the optimization results.
Signal characterization from multiscale edges (2002)

An algorithm that reconstructs one-dimensional signals and images from their sharper variation points at dyadic scales is described. This algorithm exactly reconstructs images from their multiscale edges. It is proved that the evolution across scales of the wavelet maxima characterizes the local shape of the sharp variations of the signal. One can thus not only detect edges but also classify them. The wavelet maxima representation is a new reorganization of the image information that makes it possible to develop algorithms uniquely based on edges for solving image processing problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
REMOTE HID HEADLAMP SYSTEM OPTIONS. (2000)

SUBTITLE: BRINGING THE PERFORMANCE BENEFITS OF NEW TECHNOLOGY TO MAINSTREAM VEHICLE SEGMENTS PUT DEMANDS ON DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING.
Oxidation of polypropylene in benzene solution (1972)

Abstract The oxidation of both amorphous and crystalline polypropylene in benzene solution was studied at 100–130°C. tert ‐Butyl peroxide was used as an initiator. The kinetic behavior of the amorphous and crystalline forms differs slightly; the oxidation rate of the amorphous type is slower for a given polymer and initiator concentration. The oxidation rate of solutions of the crystalline form can be simply described by the expression: R 0 = 1.87 × 10 13 exp {−29,000/ RT } [ t ‐Bu 2 O 2 ] 0.58 [polypropylene] 0.73 , mole/l.‐min. Product analyses of the oxidized solutions are incomplete, but the results do show that only ∼40% of the absorbed oxygen is present as hydroperoxide. Further, much of the hydroperoxide is present in low molecular weight polar fragments which are acetone‐soluble. These results show that oxidized polypropylene cannot be regarded simply as “polypropylene hydroperoxide” with repeating hydroperoxide groups attached to the polymer chain in 1,3,5… (tertiary) positions.
A systematic study on efficiency enhancements in phosphorescent green, red and blue microcavity organic light emitting devices (2013)

A systematic study has been conducted on microcavity organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on green, red and blue phosphorescent emitters to elucidate the microcavity effects for different color emitters. We found that the luminance output is determined by the reflectivity of the semitransparent electrode and the photopic response of the green, red and blue emitters. While the luminance enhancements of blue and red phosphorescent microcavity devices are small, a current efficiency as high as 224 cd A−1 is obtained in the green phosphorescent microcavity OLEDs. The role that microcavities play in the output of an organic light-emitting device (OLED) has now been studied in detail. Chaoyu Xiang and co-workers from the University of Florida in the USA and Yamagata University in Japan investigated the efficiency and spectral characteristics of phosphorescent green, red and blue microcavity OLEDs. They concluded that the luminance output of a device is strongly affected by the reflectivity of its semitransparent electrode and its spectral match to the organic material’s electroluminescence. They fabricated device electrodes from indium-tin-oxide-coated distributed Bragg reflectors comprising two separated stacks of alternating layers of titanium oxide and silicon dioxide. They recorded a luminous efficiency of up 224 cd A–1 for an optimized green microcavity device, with smaller values achieved for blue and red devices.
N‐Sulfinylcarboximidates as a New Class of Chiral Bidentate Ligands: Application to Asymmetric Coordination Chemistry (2011)

A class of its own: A new chiral bidentate ligand, N-acetyl-tert-butanesulfinamide, was applied to the asymmetric synthesis of octahedral ruthenium polypyridyl complexes. This new class of ligands coordinates in a bidentate fashion through its deprotonated N-sulfinylcarboximidate form (see scheme). This sulfinamide auxiliary should be highly valuable for the efficient asymmetric synthesis of a large variety of ruthenium complexes. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analytical Processor Performance and Power Modeling using Micro-Architecture Independent Characteristics (2016)

Optimizing processors for (a) specific application(s) can substantially improve energy-efficiency. With the end of Dennard scaling, and the corresponding reduction in energy-efficiency gains from technology scaling, such approaches may become increasingly important. However, designing application-specific processors requires fast design space exploration tools to optimize for the targeted application(s). Analytical models can be a good fit for such design space exploration as they provide fast performance and power estimates and insight into the interaction between an application's characteristics and the micro-architecture of a processor. Unfortunately, prior analytical models for superscalar out-of-order processors require micro-architecture dependent inputs, such as cache miss rates, branch miss rates and memory-level parallelism. This requires profiling the applications for each cache and branch predictor configuration of interest, which is far more time-consuming than evaluating the analytical performance models. In this work we present a <i>micro-architecture independent</i> profiler and associated analytical models that allow us to produce performance <i>and</i> power estimates across a large superscalar out-of-order processor design space almost instantaneously. We show that using a micro-architecture independent profile leads to a speedup of 300 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> compared to detailed simulation for our evaluated design space. Over a large design space, the model has a 9.3 percent average error for performance and a 4.3 percent average error for power, compared to detailed cycle-level simulation. The model is able to accurately determine the optimal processor configuration for different applications under power or performance constraints, and provides insight into performance through cycle stacks.
Optimization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers of Serotonin for Biomaterial Applications (2010)

We prepared molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT), a neurotransmitter and mood modulator, using a combination of neutral (methacrylamide or acrylamide) and positively charged (methacrylic acid) functional monomers. Water, PBS, acidified methanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate were compared as rinsing solvents for the removal of serotonin from the MIPs. Methacrylamide MIPs rinsed in acidified methanol (92% serotonin removal) produced the highest imprinting factor (3.1) in equilibrium batch rebinding experiments using a combination of 2% water and 98% MeCN as the rebinding solvent. For the first time, these MIPs were assessed for cytocompatibility using mouse mesencephalon neural progenitor cells (NPC) and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Although MIP particles decreased NPC viability to <70%, MIP particles did not significantly reduce fibroblast viability when incorporated into a hyaluronic acid biomaterial. MIP microparticles were incorporated into a cross-linked hyaluronic acid biomaterial to present one way in which molecularly imprinted polymers may be used in vivo in future biomaterials or biosensors applications.
Hypotension, Autonomic Failure, and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing the α1B-Adrenergic Receptor (2001)

alpha(1)-Adrenergic receptors (alpha(1A), alpha(1B), and alpha(1D)) are regulators of systemic arterial blood pressure and blood flow. Whereas vasoconstrictory action of the alpha(1A) and alpha(1D) subtypes is thought to be mainly responsible for this activity, the role of the alpha(1B)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(1B)AR) in this process is controversial. We have generated transgenic mice that overexpress either wild type or constitutively active alpha(1B)ARs. Transgenic expression was under the control of the isogenic promoter, thus assuring appropriate developmental and tissue-specific expression. Cardiovascular phenotypes displayed by transgenic mice included myocardial hypertrophy and hypotension. Indicative of cardiac hypertrophy, transgenic mice displayed an increased heart to body weight ratio, which was confirmed by the echocardiographic finding of an increased thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall. Functional deficits included an increased isovolumetric relaxation time, a decreased heart rate, and cardiac output. Transgenic mice were hypotensive and exhibited a decreased pressor response. Vasoconstrictory regulation by alpha(1B)AR was absent as shown by the lack of phenylephrine-induced contractile differences between ex vivo mesenteric artery preparations. Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol levels were also reduced in transgenic mice, suggesting a loss of sympathetic nerve activity. Reduced catecholamine levels together with basal hypotension, bradycardia, reproductive problems, and weight loss suggest autonomic failure, a phenotype that is consistent with the multiple system atrophy-like neurodegeneration that has been reported previously in these mice. These results also suggest that this receptor subtype is not involved in the classic vasoconstrictory action of alpha(1)ARs that is important in systemic regulation of blood pressure.
Hands across mountains: a view from Asia (2012)

The recent inauguration of the new European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) House in Windsor, UK by the EACTS has provided an opportunity to set the stage for a discussion about the future of the profession. As most of the leaders of this organization had trained, worked, researched, lived and/or taught on several continents throughout their career, it was clear from the very beginning, that a global view should be taken, bringing in the expertise and views from other continents. The goal of this contribution is to outline some of the challenges and opportunities in Asia.
Constructing spherical panoramas of a bladder phantom from endoscopic video using bundle adjustment (2011)

The high recurrence rate of bladder cancer requires patients to undergo frequent surveillance screenings over their lifetime following initial diagnosis and resection. Our laboratory is developing panoramic stitching software that would compile several minutes of cystoscopic video into a single panoramic image, covering the entire bladder, for review by an urolgist at a later time or remote location. Global alignment of video frames is achieved by using a bundle adjuster that simultaneously recovers both the 3D structure of the bladder as well as the scope motion using only the video frames as input. The result of the algorithm is a complete 360&deg; spherical panorama of the outer surface. The details of the software algorithms are presented here along with results from both a virtual cystoscopy as well from real endoscopic imaging of a bladder phantom. The software successfully stitched several hundred video frames into a single panoramic with subpixel accuracy and with no knowledge of the intrinsic camera properties, such as focal length and radial distortion. In the discussion, we outline future work in development of the software as well as identifying factors pertinent to clinical translation of this technology.