gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for determining the effective conductivity of dispersions of particles (1990)

Abstract A general method is developed to predict the effective conductivity of an infinite, statistically homogeneous suspension of particles in an arbitrary (ordered or disordered) configuration. The method follows closely that of ‘stokesian dynamics’, and captures both far-field and near-field particle interactions accurately with no convergence difficulties. This is accomplished by forming a capacitance matrix, the electrostatic analogue of the low-Reynolds-number resistance matrix, which relates the monopole (charge), dipole and quadrupole of the particles to the potential held of the system. A far-field approximation to the capacitance matrix is formed via a moment expansion of the integral equation for the potential. The capacitance matrix of the infinite system is limited to finite number of equations by using periodic boundary conditions, and the Ewald method is used to form rapidly converging lattice sums of particle interactions. To include near-field effects, exact two-body interactions are added to the far-field approximation of the capacitance matrix. The particle dipoles are then calculated directly to determine the effective conductivity of the system. The Madelung constant of cohesive energy of ionic crystals is calculated for simple and body-centred cubic lattices as a check on the method formulation. The results are found to be in excellent agreement with the accepted values. Also, the effective conductivities of spherical particles in cubic arrays are calculated for particle to matrix conductivity ratios of infinity, 10 and 0.01.
Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of (pin)B‐Substituted Allylcopper Compounds Generated in situ from Butadiene or Isoprene (2016)

Multicomponent catalytic enantioselective transformations that entail the combination of butadiene or isoprene (common feedstock), an enoate (prepared in one step) and B2 (pin)2 (commercially available) are presented. These processes constitute an uncommon instance of conjugate addition of an allyl moiety and afford the desired products in up to 83 % yield and 98:2 enantiomeric ratio. Based on DFT calculations stereochemical models and rationale for the observed profiles in selectivity are provided.
Significantly Increasing the Ductility of High Performance Polymer Semiconductors through Polymer Blending (2016)

Polymer semiconductors based on donor-acceptor monomers have recently resulted in significant gains in field effect mobility in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). These polymers incorporate fused aromatic rings and have been designed to have stiff planar backbones, resulting in strong intermolecular interactions, which subsequently result in stiff and brittle films. The complex synthesis typically required for these materials may also result in increased production costs. Thus, the development of methods to improve mechanical plasticity while lowering material consumption during fabrication will significantly improve opportunities for adoption in flexible and stretchable electronics. To achieve these goals, we consider blending a brittle donor-acceptor polymer, poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine] (PCDTPT), with ductile poly(3-hexylthiophene). We found that the ductility of the blend films is significantly improved compared to that of neat PCDTPT films, and when the blend film is employed in an OTFT, the performance is largely maintained. The ability to maintain charge transport character is due to vertical segregation within the blend, while the improved ductility is due to intermixing of the polymers throughout the film thickness. Importantly, the application of large strains to the ductile films is shown to orient both polymers, which further increases charge carrier mobility. These results highlight a processing approach to achieve high performance polymer OTFTs that are electrically and mechanically optimized.
Quantum ring formation and antimony segregation in GaSb∕GaAs nanostructures (2008)

GaSb quantum rings in GaAs were studied by cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy. The quantum rings have an outer shape of a truncated pyramid with typical lateral extensions between 10 and 30nm and heights between 1 and 3nm, depending on the molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions. A clear central opening of varying diameter and more or less conical shape, filled with GaAs, is characteristic for the GaSb rings. The self-organized formation of quantum rings during the growth and subsequent fast overgrowth of GaSb quantum dots is attributed to a combination of large strain with strong Sb segregation. The latter is enabled by extensive group-V atomic exchange reactions at the GaSb∕GaAs interfaces, which are quantitatively evaluated from the atomically resolved microscopy data.
In vivo and in vitro performance of Sr-doped hydroxyapatite composite in the form of hollow nano-spheres (2012)

In vivo and in vitro performance of Sr-doped hydroxyapatite composite in the form of hollow nano-spheres
Abstract B106: Inhibition of IKKb and NFκB signaling by a novel curcumin analogue (2008)

Abstract B106 The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been targeted for therapeutic applications in a variety of human diseases such as cancer. A number of naturally occurring substances including curcumin have been investigated for their actions on the NF-κB pathway because of their significant therapeutic potential and safety profile. A synthetic monoketone compound termed EF24 was developed from curcumin and exhibited a potent anticancer activity. Here we report a mechanism by which EF24 potently suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway in both head and neck cancer and lung cancer cell lines through direct action on the I-κB kinase (IKK). We demonstrate that (i) EF24 induces death of lung, head and neck, breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer cells with a potency about 10 times higher than curcumin does, (ii) EF24 rapidly blocks the nuclear translocation of NF-κB with an IC50 of 1.3 μM compared with curcumin with an IC50 of 13 μM, (iii) EF24 effectively inhibits TNFα-induced I-κB phosphorylation and degradation, suggesting a role of this compound in targeting IKK, and (iv) EF24 indeed directly inhibits the catalytic activity of IKK in an in vitro reconstituted system. This study identifies IKK as an effective target for EF24 and provides a molecular explanation for a superior activity of EF24 over curcumin. The effective inhibition of TNFα-induced NF-κB signaling by EF24 extends the therapeutic application of EF24 to other NF-κB-dependent diseases, including inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B106.
Characterization of a Cdc42 protein inhibitor and its use as a molecular probe. (2014)

VOLUME 288 (2013) PAGES 8531–8543 PAGE 8534: The revised Fig. 1A correctly shows CID44216842 as a 3-methoxyphenyl analog and not a 4-methoxyphenyl analog as originally published. The correction does not impact the interpretations or conclusions of the article.
Cellular Defense Mechanisms against Benzo[a]pyrene in Testicular Leydig Cells: Implications of p53, Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor, and Cytochrome P450 1A1 Status (2007)

Leydig cells of the mammalian testis produce testosterone and support spermatogenesis, and thereby their role in male function is fundamental. Although benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has been known to exhibit carcinogenic, apoptogenic, and endocrine-disrupting activities, its potential signaling system in Leydig cells remains to be discovered. In the present study, using the TM3 Leydig cell line and primary Leydig cells, we showed that Leydig cells do not die by exposure to B[a]P and found that an increased level of X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein may be associated with the antiapoptotic process. The Leydig cells were shown to express p53, but its translational level was extremely low. Although a high level of p53 protein was not necessary for apoptosis induced by B[a]P-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (a final B[a]P metabolite) in Leydig cells, the apoptosis of primary Leydig cells appears to be p53 independent. This indicates the lack of p53 function in primary Leydig cells. Furthermore, Leydig cells were found to retain insignificant levels of endogenous aryl-hydrocarbon receptor and AhR nuclear transporter proteins in nature. Exposure to B[a]P did not result in a significant increase in aryl-hydrocarbon receptor proteins that are required for CYP1A1 transcription. CYP1A1 expression was present in Leydig cells but at levels insufficient to exhibit its activity. Finally, we have demonstrated that overexpression of CYP1A1 in Leydig cells sensitizes the cells to exhibit its activity in the presence of B[a]P and, thus, induction of apoptosis. Together, these results indicate that the deficiency of CYP1A1 activity might be a decisive condition rendering Leydig cells secure from exogenous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as B[a]P.
High-Affinity Adaptors for Switchable Recognition of Histidine-Tagged Proteins (2005)

We aspired to create chemical recognition units, which bind oligohistidine tags with high affinity and stability, as tools for selectively attaching spectroscopic probes and other functional elements to recombinant proteins. Several supramolecular entities containing 2-4 nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) moieties were synthesized, which additionally contained an amino group, to which fluorescein was coupled as a sensitive reporter probe. These multivalent chelator heads (MCH) (termed bis-, tris-, and tetrakis-NTA) were characterized with respect to their interaction with hexahistidine (H6)- and decahistidine (H10)-tagged targets. Substantially increased binding stability with increasing number of NTA moieties was observed by analytical size exclusion chromatography. The binding enthalpies as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry increased nearly additively with the number of possible coordinative bonds between chelator heads and tags. Yet, a substantial excess of histidines in the oligohistidine tag was required for obtaining fully additive binding enthalpies. Dissociation kinetics of MCH/oligohistidine complexes measured by fluorescence dequenching showed an increase in stability by 4 orders of magnitude compared to that of mono-NTA, and subnanomolar affinity was reached for tris-NTA. The gain in free energy with increasing multivalency was accompanied by an increasing loss of entropy, which was ascribed to the high flexibility of the binding partners. Numerous applications of these MCHs for noncovalent, high affinity, yet reversible tethering of spectroscopic probes and other functional elements to the recombinant proteins can be envisioned.
Nanophotonic Devices for Optical Interconnect (2010)

We review recent progress in nanophotonic devices for compact optical interconnect networks. We focus on microdisk-laser-based transmitters and discuss improved design and advanced functionality including all-optical wavelength conversion and flip-flops. Next we discuss the fabrication uniformity of the passive routing circuits and their thermal tuning. Finally, we discuss the performance of a wavelength selective detector.
The INPP4B Tumor Suppressor Modulates EGFR Trafficking and Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2020)

Inactivation of the tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase INPP4B is common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We generated a genetically engineered TNBC mouse model deficient in <i>INPP4B</i>. We found a dose-dependent increase in tumor incidence in <i>INPP4B</i> homozygous and heterozygous knockout mice compared with wild-type (WT), supporting a role for <i>INPP4B</i> as a tumor suppressor in TNBC. Tumors derived from <i>INPP4B</i> knockout mice are enriched for AKT and MEK gene signatures. Consequently, mice with <i>INPP4B</i> deficiency are more sensitive to PI3K or MEK inhibitors compared with WT mice. Mechanistically, we found that <i>INPP4B</i> deficiency increases PI(3,4)P<sub>2</sub> levels in endocytic vesicles but not at the plasma membrane. Moreover, <i>INPP4B</i> loss delays degradation of EGFR and MET, while promoting recycling of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), thus enhancing the duration and amplitude of signaling output upon growth factor stimulation. Therefore, <i>INPP4B</i> inactivation in TNBC promotes tumorigenesis by modulating RTK recycling and signaling duration. SIGNIFICANCE: Inactivation of the lipid phosphatase <i>INPP4B</i> is frequent in TNBC. Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we show that INPP4B functions as a tumor suppressor in TNBC. INPP4B regulates RTK trafficking and degradation, such that loss of INPP4B prolongs both PI3K and ERK activation.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079</i>.
A novel method to eliminate the toppling issue for small CD/high AR/dense structures (2014)

Toppling during clean process is a general structure issue when we scale down critical dimension (CD)/increase aspect ratio (AR) and density of the nano structures. In this paper, we demonstrated a novel process with CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> PLAD (plasma doping) conformal process to eliminate the toppling issue. A uniform C deposition layer from CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> PLAD process wrapped the whole structure on the top/bottom/sidewall and made structure more robust during clean process. As a result, the toppling issue could be eliminated. The PLAD condition should be chosen in the “highly collisional case” in order to maximize deposition and minimize implant. ARXPS (angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and PDP1 (plasma device planar 1D) simulation were applied to define the “highly collisional case”. There was a strong correlation between implant dose and toppling reduction rate. Besides CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> PLAD, other neutral species such as GeH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> PLAD may also be used for this process. The advantages of this process include no thermal Dt, fast throughput and low cost. It may help us to continue scaling down the structures with higher AR/smaller CD/higher density.
Electrochemical Analysis of Li-Ion Cells Containing Triphenyl Phosphate (2012)

The development and subsequent incorporation of flame retardant additives (FRAs) has become a priority for Li-Ion battery research and development. Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) was studied to ascertain the safety benefits and electrochemical performance when incorporated into a LiPF6/ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) electrolyte system. The flammability of electrolytes containing TPP was investigated via self-extinguishing time and flash point analysis. The electrochemical stability was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), battery cycling in graphite/LiNi0.8Co 0.2O2 cells, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization. In order to better understand the role of TPP, ex-situ surface analysis of the cycled electrodes was conducted with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Incorporation of TPP results in a moderate decrease in the flammability of the electrolyte with relatively minor detrimental effects on the performance of the cells and thus is a promising additive for lithium ion batteries. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society.
Synthèse d'oligosaccharides linéaires et ramifiés à partir d'amygdaline et de sucres simples. Synthèse de saponines. (1994)

La reaction de transformation de l'amygdaline en acetobromogentiobiose et le couplage glycosidique direct des ethers de trityle permettent de realiser rapidement l'assemblage de motifs gentiobiose en oligosaccharides lineaires et ramifies. Ces oligosaccharides sont couples a des genines steroidiques ou triterpeniques pour former des saponines .
The Properties of the Multistage Bioreactor Constructed by the LB Technique (1991)

Abstract A multistage bioreactor consisting of organic ultrathin layers was successfully realized by immobilizing glucose oxidase and glucoamylase by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique (LB technique). Starch as the substrate was quickly converted into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide as the products in this bioreactor via the intermediate, glucose. The rate of the sequential reactions was electrochemically measured. This rate increased proportionally with increasing the concentration of starch, and also increased with increasing the amount of glucose oxidase in the LB film. This bioreactor, however, decayed soon. The reason of this decay was considered to be the structural conversion of the LB layers with glucoamylase. The multistage bioreactor constructed by the LB technique will be used not only as a super small-sized, rapid bioreactor or biosensor but also as an investigating means of the reconstitution of membrane enzyme and biomembrane.
Stocator (2017)

Data is the natural resource of the 21st century. It is being produced at dizzying rates, e.g., for genomics by sequencers, for Media and Entertainment with very high resolution formats, and for Internet of Things (IoT) by multitudes of sensors. Object Stores such as AWS S3, Azure Blob storage, and IBM Cloud Object Storage, are highly scalable distributed storage systems that offer high capacity, cost effective storage for this data. But it is not enough just to store data; we also need to derive value from it. Apache Spark is the leading big data analytics processing engine. It runs up to one hundred times faster than Hadoop MapReduce and combines SQL, streaming and complex analytics. In this poster we present Stocator, a high performance storage connector, that enables Spark to work directly on data stored in object storage systems.
Enhancing Organic Semiconductor–Surface Plasmon Polariton Coupling with Molecular Orientation (2017)

Due to strong electric field enhancements, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are capable of drastically increasing light-molecule coupling in organic optoelectronic devices. The electric field enhancement, however, is anisotropic, offering maximal functional benefits if molecules are oriented perpendicular to the interface. To provide a clear demonstration of this orientation dependence, we study SPP dispersion and SPP-mediated photoluminescence at a model Au/small-molecule interface where identical molecules can be deposited with two very different molecular backbone orientations depending on processing conditions. First, we demonstrate that thin films of p-SIDT(FBTTh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> can be deposited with either all "in-plane" (parallel to substrate) or a 50/50 mix of in-plane/"out-of-plane" (perpendicular to substrate) optical transition dipoles by the absence or presence, respectively, of diiodooctane during spin-coating. In contrast to typical orientation control observed in organic thin films, for this particular molecule, this corresponds to films with conjugated backbones purely in-plane, or with a 50/50 mix of in-plane/out-of-plane backbones. Then, using momentum-resolved reflectometry and momentum-resolved photoluminescence, we study and quantify changes in SPP dispersion and photoluminescence intensity arising solely from changes in molecular orientation. We demonstrate increased SPP momentum and a 2-fold enhancement in photoluminescence for systems with out-of-plane oriented transition dipoles. These results agree well with theory and have direct implications for the design and analysis of organic optoelectronic devices.
Atomic Number Measurement Precision of Spectral Decomposition Methods for CT (2006)

We have investigated the classical attenuation decomposition and base material decomposition CT algorithms invented by Alvarez and Macovski in 1976 for their ability to provide quantitative atomic number Z of a given attenuator. For this purpose we have generated attenuation functions of the elements from Z = 1 to Z = 20 from measured attenuation data. We have fitted these functions to two sets of base functions: 1. the photoelectric absorption + Klein-Nishina scattering model and 2. the effective bone and water attenuator model. The results indicate model mismatches in the range of DeltaZ = plusmn0.5 for the base material decomposition and DeltaZ = plusmn0.7 for the attenuation decomposition
Complex selection on a regulator of social cognition: Evidence of balancing selection, regulatory interactions and population differentiation in the prairie vole Avpr1a locus (2017)

Abstract Adaptive variation in social behaviour depends upon standing genetic variation, but we know little about how evolutionary forces shape genetic diversity relevant to brain and behaviour. In prairie voles ( Microtus ochrogaster) , variants at the Avpr1a locus predict expression of the vasopressin 1a receptor in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a brain region that mediates spatial and contextual memory; cortical V1aR abundance in turn predicts diversity in space use and sexual fidelity in the field. To examine the potential contributions of adaptive and neutral forces to variation at the Avpr1a locus, we explore sequence diversity at the Avpr1a locus and throughout the genome in two populations of wild prairie voles. First, we refine results demonstrating balancing selection at the locus by comparing the frequency spectrum of variants at the locus to a random sample of the genome. Next, we find that the four single nucleotide polymorphisms that predict high V1aR expression in the RSC are in stronger linkage disequilibrium than expected by chance despite high recombination among intervening variants, suggesting that epistatic selection maintains their association. Analysis of population structure and a haplotype network for two populations revealed that this excessive LD was unlikely to be due to admixture alone. Furthermore, the two populations differed considerably in the region shown to be a regulator of V1aR expression despite the extremely low levels of genomewide genetic differentiation. Together, our data suggest that complex selection on Avpr1a locus favours specific combinations of regulatory polymorphisms, maintains the resulting alleles at population‐specific frequencies, and may contribute to unique patterns of spatial cognition and sexual fidelity among populations.
Audio in Cable, Broadcast, and Satellite Distribution Issues & Solutions for the Digital Transition via Audio Metadata (2000)

This paper covers the audio content delivery processes currently used throughout the video industry with a specific focus on the cable distribution infrastructure. This infrastructure has, for the first time, the capability of delivering high quality digital audio services and programming to subscribers' homes. These systems give the subscriber the ability to make new listening choices, based on their own needs and desires. Enabling these new subscriber choices requires greater care than ever before in preserving all the audio information from its original creation through the programmer uplinks and cable headends to the subscriber's home. Historically, each signal routing point between content origination and the subscriber's home has applied some processing to the signals as they pass through; providing the highest quality audio with these new features to the subscriber requires rethinking many of the current practices such that the actual digital audio information is carried without manipulation through to the subscriber's home. These new features are supported by the metadata carried within the Dolby Digital bitstream, and this paper describes this metadata and how to put it to proper use in cable delivery systems.
Independent Impact of Area-Level Socioeconomic Measures on Visual Impairment (2011)

These data suggest that not only is a person's SES, but the SES of his or her immediate community, is associated with visual impairment. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying causes of visual health disparities and to improve the eye health of communities with lower SES.