gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards an Improved anti‐HIV Activity of NRTI via Metal–Organic Frameworks Nanoparticles (2013)

Nanoscale mesoporous iron carboxylates metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) have recently emerged as promising platforms for drug delivery, showing biodegradability, biocompatibility and important loading capability of challenging highly water-soluble drugs such as azidothymidine tryphosphate (AZT-TP). In this study, nanoMOFs made of iron trimesate (MIL-100) were able to act as efficient molecular sponges, quickly adsorbing up to 24 wt% AZT-TP with entrapment efficiencies close to 100%, without perturbation of the supramolecular crystalline organization. These data are in agreement with molecular modelling predictions, indicating maximal loadings of 33 wt% and preferential location of the drug in the large cages. Spectrophotometry, isothermal titration calorimetry, and solid state NMR investigations enable to gain insight on the mechanism of interaction of AZT and AZT-TP with the nanoMOFs, pointing out the crucial role of phosphates strongly coordinating with the unsaturated iron(III) sites. Finally, contrarily to the free AZT-TP, the loaded nanoparticles efficiently penetrate and release their cargo of active triphosphorylated AZT inside major HIV target cells, efficiently protecting against HIV infection.
Selective Plating on Photopatterned Titanium Oxide Films (2013)

A method for direct formation of patterned metal film on glass without resist use or etching was investigated. Palladium, which functions as an initiation catalyst for auto-catalytic metal deposition reactions, was selectively adsorbed onto solution processed nano-porous titanium oxide films on glass from an ionic palladium solution. After selective palladium catalyst grafting onto the titanium oxide, exposure of the films to an electroless nickel, copper or gold plating solution resulted in metal deposition selectively on the titanium oxide surface. Photo-active titanium complex films were photo-patterned then pyrolyzed to give the respective pattern preserved titanium oxide films that could then be selectively plated. Correlations between titanium oxide film characteristic and palladium adsorption were analyzed by ellipsometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Cross section observation of metalized glass showed penetration of palladium catalyst into and elucidated the structure of plated metal on the patterned titanium oxide films.
Experimental and theoretical study of uracil derivatives: the crucial role of weak fluorine–fluorine noncovalent interactions (2010)

We have recently communicated the important role of lone pair–π, π–π and hydrophobic interactions in the solid architecture of 5-fluoro-1-hexyluracil and 1-hexyluracil (CrystEngComm, 2010, 12, 362–365). As a matter of fact, the simple substitution of a hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom has an enormous consequence in the solid state structure. It has been demonstrated that this is due to an increase in the π-acidity of the ring. In this article we extend the study to other uracil derivatives, where we have changed the hydrophobicity of the hexyl chain by introducing hydrophilic groups in the substituent, such as hydroxyl or carboxylic groups. The latter compounds, i.e. (N1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-fluorouracil and N1-(4-hydroxycarbonylbutyl)-5-fluorouracil monohydrate present interesting fluorine–fluorine interactions that are very important in determining the crystal packing.
Lamb Wave-Based Acoustic Radiation Force-Driven Particle Ring Formation Inside a Sessile Droplet (2016)

We demonstrate an acoustofluidic device using Lamb waves (LWs) to manipulate polystyrene (PS) microparticles suspended in a sessile droplet of water. The LW-based acoustofluidic platform used in this study is advantageous in that the device is actuated over a range of frequencies without changing the device structure or electrode pattern. In addition, the device is simple to operate and cheap to fabricate. The LWs, produced on a piezoelectric substrate, attenuate inside the fluid and create acoustic streaming flow (ASF) in the form of a poloidal flow with toroidal vortices. The PS particles experience direct acoustic radiation force (ARF) in addition to being influenced by the ASF, which drive the concentration of particles to form a ring. This phenomenon was previously attributed to the ASF alone, but the present experimental results confirm that the ARF plays an important role in forming the particle ring, which would not be possible in the presence of only the ASF. We used a range of actuation frequencies (45-280 MHz), PS particle diameters (1-10 μm), and droplet volumes (5, 7.5, and 10 μL) to experimentally demonstrate this phenomenon.
Dynamic Changes in Spinal Cord Compression by Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Evaluated by Kinematic Computed Tomography Myelography (2013)

4.
Total synthesis of prostaglandin-A2 through SN? reaction of an allylic epoxide and a heterocuprate reagent (1979)

M. A. W. Finch, T. V. Lee, S. M. Roberts and R. F. Newton, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 677 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000677
Impact of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Prevalence among S. aureus Isolates on Surgical Site Infection Risk after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (2011)

Objective. Cephalosporins are recommended for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent cardiothoracic surgical site infections (SSIs) except in patients with β -lactam allergy or in settings with a “high” prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among S. aureus isolates (hereafter, “MRSA prevalence”); however, “high” remains undefined. We sought to identify the MRSA prevalence at which glycopeptide prophylaxis would minimize SSIs relative to β -lactam prophylaxis. Methods. We developed a decision analysis model to estimate SSI likelihood when either glycopeptides or β -lactams were used for prophylaxis in cardiothoracic surgery. Event probabilities were derived from a systematic literature review. A similar cost-minimization model was also developed. Results. At 0% MRSA prevalence, SSI probability was 3.64% with glycopeptide prophylaxis and 3.49% with β -lactam prophylaxis. At MRSA prevalences of 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40%, SSI probabilities with glycopeptide prophylaxis did not change, but they were 3.98%, 4.48%, 4.97%, and 5.47% with β -lactam prophylaxis. The threshold of MRSA prevalence at which glycopeptide prophylaxis minimized SSI probability and cost was 3%. In sensitivity analyses, variations in most model estimates only modestly affected the threshold. Conclusion. Glycopeptide prophylaxis minimizes the risk of SSIs and cost when MRSA prevalence exceeds 3%. At very low MRSA prevalence (between 3% and 10%), the SSI minimization provided by glycopeptide prophylaxis is small and may be within the error of the model. Given the current MRSA prevalence in most community and healthcare settings, clinicians should consider routine prophylaxis with vancomycin. Our findings may have important policy implications, as benefits in cardiothoracic surgery antibiotic prophylaxis must be weighed against the limitations of increased glycopeptide use.
Modal delay and bandwidth measurements of few-mode fibers for short-distance communications (2020)

Recently it has been shown that standard single-mode fibers, which support two LP modes around 850 nm, can yield high modal bandwidth with graded-index profile design. A transmission system using such fibers along with 850 nm single mode VCSEL transceivers offers a potentially cost-effective high-bandwidth solution for data center applications and future high-speed short distance communications. The system reach highly depends on the modal bandwidth of the fiber. In this context, it is of interest to explore the characterization method of the modal bandwidth of two-mode and few-mode fibers, especially if the method can be simpler than traditional methods used for 50-μm core multimode fiber. To address this issue, we propose a simple and robust method for two-mode and few-mode fiber modal delay and bandwidth measurements using frequency domain method. An analytical transfer function model was formulated and achieved excellent agreement with experimental results. The model allows one to extract the modal delay based on one single measurement, regardless of the launch condition. The transfer function and hence modal bandwidth with arbitrary launch condition can be calculated, from which we define a worst-case modal bandwidth that can gauge the fiber modal bandwidth under general conditions. The analytical model is also generalized to consider higher-order modes and additional bandwidth degradation effects. Through the detailed study, we show that the simple frequency domain measurement method as facilitated by the analytical model can deliver a full set of modal delay and modal bandwidth information that otherwise requires more complex method like differential mode delay measurements.
Multi-resonant metamaterials based on UT-shaped nano-aperture antennas (2011)

We demonstrate a compact multi-resonant metamaterial structure based on integrated U- and T-shaped nano-aperture antennas. We investigate the physical origin of the multi-resonant behavior and determine the parameter dependence of the nano-aperture antennas both experimentally and numerically. We also show enhanced field distribution in the apertures at the corresponding resonance wavelengths. Both multi-spectral response and enhanced near field distributions can open up exciting new opportunities in applications ranging from subwavelength optics and optoelectronics to chemical and biosensing.
Building Text-To-Speech Voices in the Cloud (2012)

The AT&amp;amp;T VOICEBUILDER provides a new tool to researchers and practitioners who want to have their voices synthesized by a high-quality commercial-grade text-to-speech system without the need to install, configure, or manage speech processing software and equipment. It is implemented as a web service on the AT&amp;amp;T Speech Mashup Portal. The system records and validates users ’ utterances, processes them to build a synthetic voice and provides a web service API to make the voice available to real-time applications through a scalable cloud-based processing platform. All the procedures are automated to avoid human intervention. We present experimental comparisons of voices built using the system.
Targeting Nodal and Cripto-1: Perspectives Inside Dual Potential Theranostic Cancer Biomarkers (2018)

Overall, Nodal and Cripto-1 represent two innovative and effective biomarkers for developing potential theranostic anti-tumor agents that target normal as well as CSC subpopulations and overcome both pharmacological resistance and tumor relapse.
Membrane high voltage devices - a milestone concept in power ICs (2005)

We report for the first time a technology concept in power ICs. We present detailed experimental data obtained during several years of development and demonstrate the application of the new technology in a range of highly efficient switch mode power supplies (SMPS). This technology is capable of delivering more than 3 times higher current density (30 A/cm/sup 2/), and two to five times the switching speed (500 kHz for 650V rated devices) of state-of-the-art power IC technologies such as junction-isolation or silicon-on-insulator. The new concept is based on merging of the MEMS and CMOS SOI technologies to increase the breakdown ability of the power device and reduce its output capacitance. The MEMS step is fully CMOS compatible and consists of a back-side deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) performed selectively in the drift region of the power device to realize multiple membranes of ultra-thin silicon-dielectric films.
Microporous aluminophosphates synthesized with 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium and fluoride (2016)

The synthesis of microporous aluminophosphates using 1,2,3-trimethylimidazolium (123TMI) and fluoride produces three phases (HPM-3, PST-27 and triclinic AlPO4-34) depending on the amount of water and organic structure-directing agents in the synthesis mixture. Fluoride occluded in double 4-ring units was not detected by (19)F MAS NMR spectroscopy in any product. While the structure of HPM-3 remains unknown, PST-27 has been determined to be a monoclinic version of AlPO4-5 with a distorted and likely complex structure. Rietveld analysis using synchrotron diffraction data for as-made triclinic AlPO4-34 reveals that each of its cha-cages holds two 123TMI cations, forming a displaced anti-parallel dimer with a short distance between aromatic rings (3.78 Å from center to center, 3.63 Å from plane to plane). This suggests that π-π interactions may play a role in the synthesis of this phase and related CHA-type systems. A study of the optical properties of PST-27, AlPO4-34 and other materials containing 123TMI cations shows their complex fluorescence behavior, sometimes displaying a red-edge effect, i.e., a red shift of the fluorescence as the excitation wavelength is shifted toward the red edge of the absorption band. An absorption band at 291 nm appears only in the dimer-containing triclinic AlPO4-34 and is sensitive to the introduction of Si into the framework.
Induction of β-cell replication by a synthetic HNF4α antagonist (2013)

Increasing the number of β cells is critical to a definitive therapy for diabetes. Previously, we discovered potent synthetic small molecule antagonists of the nuclear receptor transcription factor HNF4α. The natural ligands of HNF4α are thought to be fatty acids. Because obesity, in which there are high circulating levels of free fatty acids, is one of the few conditions leading to β-cell hyperplasia, we tested the hypothesis that a potent HNF4α antagonist might stimulate β-cell replication. A bioavailable HNF4α antagonist was injected into normal mice and rabbits and β-cell ablated mice and the effect on β-cell replication was measured. In normal mice and rabbits, the compound induced β-cell replication and repressed the expression of multiple cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p16 that plays a critical role in suppressing β-cell replication. Interestingly, in β-cell ablated mice, the compound induced α- and δ-cell, in addition to β-cell replication, and β-cell number was substantially increased. Overall, the data presented here are consistent with a model in which the well-known effects of obesity and high fat diet on β-cell replication occur by inhibition of HNF4α. The availability of a potent synthetic HNF4α antagonist raises the possibility that this effect might be a viable route to promote significant increases in β-cell replication in diseases with reduced β-cell mass, including type I and type II diabetes.
Controlling the Oligomeric Composition of Carbon‐Fiber Precursors by Dense‐Gas Extraction (2008)

Dense‐gas extraction of M‐50 petroleum pitch with the solvent toluene was carried out in a continuous, countercurrent‐flow, packed column at temperatures from 330° to 380°C, pressures from 42 to 84 bar, and a solvent‐to‐pitch ratio of 5:1. Both one‐ and two‐column configurations were used to fractionate raw pitches into top and bottom cuts of controlled oligomeric distribution. Using matrix‐assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectroscopy for absolute molecular weight determination, the effect of changes in pitch oligomeric distribution on both the softening point and the degree of anisotropy (i.e., isotropic–mesophase equilibrium) was established. For example, pitch fractions rich in dimer and trimer species, and with essentially all monomer removed, exhibit the anisotropic microstructure typically found in precursors for high‐performance carbon fibers.
Interleukin 4 promotes expression of mast cell ICAM-1 antigen. (1991)

Cell recognition molecules play a crucial role in the regulation of immune cells. We recently found that mast cells (MCs) express leukocyte recognition molecules, including ICAM-1 antigen, a natural ligand of LFA-1. We here report that interleukin 4 (IL-4), a pleiotropic cytokine and mast cell differentiation factor, selectively promotes expression of surface ICAM-1 antigen and ICAM-1 mRNA in human MCs. IL-4 also up-regulates ICAM-1 antigen in cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage but has no effect on ICAM-1 antigen expressed on basophils, fibroblasts, or lymphocytes. The increase in expression of mast cell/macrophage ICAM-1 antigen induced by IL-4 may contribute to the accumulation of leukocytes and facilitate cell-contact-dependent regulation of immune cells in inflamed tissues.
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA): Phenotype, diagnosis, and therapeutic challenges around the world (2019)

This is the largest study of patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia and emphasizes the continued morbidity and mortality of XLA despite progress in diagnosis and treatment. It presents a world view of the successes and challenges for patients and physicians alike. A pivotal finding is the need for education of physicians regarding typical symptoms suggesting a possible diagnosis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia and sharing of best practices for the less common complications.
Acute hypoxia in a simulated high-altitude airdrop scenario due to oxygen system failure (2017)

High-Altitude High Opening (HAHO) is a military operational procedure in which parachute jumps are performed at high altitude requiring supplemental oxygen, putting personnel at risk of acute hypoxia in the event of oxygen equipment failure. This study was initiated by the Norwegian Army to evaluate potential outcomes during failure of oxygen supply, and to explore physiology during acute severe hypobaric hypoxia. A simulated HAHO without supplemental oxygen was carried out in a hypobaric chamber with decompression to 30,000 ft (9,144 m) and then recompression to ground level with a descent rate of 1,000 ft/min (305 m/min). Nine subjects were studied. Repeated arterial blood gas samples were drawn throughout the entire hypoxic exposure. Additionally, pulse oximetry, cerebral oximetry, and hemodynamic variables were monitored. Desaturation evolved rapidly and the arterial oxygen tensions are among the lowest ever reported in volunteers during acute hypoxia. Pa O 2 decreased from baseline 18.4 (17.3–19.1) kPa, 138.0 (133.5–143.3) mmHg, to a minimum value of 3.3 (2.9–3.7) kPa, 24.8 (21.6–27.8) mmHg, after 180 (60–210) s, [median (range)], N = 9. Hyperventilation with ensuing hypocapnia was associated with both increased arterial oxygen saturation and cerebral oximetry values, and potentially improved tolerance to severe hypoxia. One subject had a sharp drop in heart rate and cardiac index and lost consciousness 4 min into the hypoxic exposure. A simulated high-altitude airdrop scenario without supplemental oxygen results in extreme hypoxemia and may result in loss of consciousness in some individuals. NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to investigate physiology and clinical outcome of oxygen system failure in a simulated HAHO scenario. The acquired knowledge is of great value to make valid risk-benefit analyses during HAHO training or operations. The arterial oxygen tensions reported in this hypobaric chamber study are among the lowest ever reported during acute hypoxia.
Optimal power allocation and power control for VBLAST systems with M -ary modulations (2010)

In this study, the authors propose the optimal power allocation scheme that minimises the symbol error probability (SER) of vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time (VBLAST) systems using M-ary modulations. The essence of the power allocation is to intentionally cause different received power from each layer at the receiver. By judiciously allocating the transmitting power to the layers, the performance of the successive interference cancelation at the receiver can be significantly improved. The exact SER of the VBLAST systems with non-uniform power allocation is analysed for the Rayleigh fading case. The SER is minimised to determine the optimal power allocation pattern for the VBLAST systems with M-ary modulations. Simulations show that our SER analysis is accurate and the proposed power allocation scheme significantly improves the performance of the VBLAST systems in fast fading environments by 3.5–4 dB. The work is applied to the power control of VBLAST systems in slow fading environments. Significant SNR gains of 8.5–10 dB are observed in the numerical experiments. It is also observed that the proposed optimal power allocation scheme can effectively reduce the SER variation among the layers.
Design of a Connected-Object using LoRa technology for students’ life improvement (2021)

This paper presents a project for electrical engineering master students about designing an object using the Internet of Things (IoT). The engineering school is ENSEIRB-MATMECA part of Bordeaux Institute of Technology located at Bordeaux in France. Students were invited to create an object to sensor the ambience of a room and extrapolate how many people were there and if they were having fun or were in a bad mood. They were required to develop their own IoT application using LoRaWAN communication protocol. The device must be composed of an Arduino MKR WAN 1300 with LoRa connectivity. The device collects information and sends it to a gateway before being sent to an online platform which displays data with graphs and figures. An Arduino code has been developed based on an opensource one, the device was manufactured and measurements were carried out. The aim was to display data on a screen somewhere in common areas, where people could have a look at it. The school bar was chosen as the most relevant place to study students’ social life.
Guided Test Case Generation for Enhanced ECG Bio-Sensors Functional Verification (2017)

Testing and verifying the operation of bio-sensor nodes is essential due to the sensitivity and safety-critical aspects of their applications. Simulation technique is frequently used for this task; however, a proper set of test cases is required in order to carry out the simulation process. This paper focuses on enhancing the verification operations of an ElectroCardioGram (ECG) biomedical sensor node through simulation. It presents a new methodology for guided Test Cases Generation (TCG) of ECG signals from formal design specifications. Event-B invariants are used to specify ECG requirements, and then a new algorithm is used to translate these specifications into proper ECG signal parameters. These parameters are subsequently used to control the required shape of the ECG in order to have a wide range of scenarios. The primary objective of this work is to provide ECG test cases to detect design errors in biomedical algorithms. In addition, it can complement the usage of the limited ECG databases currently available to verify the correct operation of ECG bio-sensors.
Electrical Stress Effect on On-Current of MILC Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors (2013)

In this study, we studied the effect of the electrical stress on the on-current of metal-induced laterally crystallized poly-Si TFTs. It was found that the electrical performance of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) is greatly affected by the electrical stress. Under the electrical stress condition, the drain current increases due to hot-electron trap at the drain junction. The computer simulation revealed the fact that the improvement mechanism can be reproduced by effective channel length shortening. It turns out that analysis of the capacitance and output characteristics supports this model.