gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Arabic CCGbank (2010)

We describe a process for converting the Penn Arabic Treebank into the CCG formalism. Previous efforts have yielded CCGbanks in English, German, and Turkish, thus opening these languages to the sophisticated computational tools developed for CCG and enabling further cross-linguistic development. Conversion from a context free grammar treebank to a CCGbank is a four stage process: head finding, argument classification, binarization, and category conversion. In the process of implementing a basic CCGbank conversion algorithm, we reveal properties of Arabic grammar that interfere with conversion, such as subject topicalization, genitive constructions, relative clauses, and optional pronominal subjects. All of these problematic phenomena can be resolved in a variety of ways- we discuss advantages and disadvantages of each in their respective sections. We detail these and describe our categorial analysis of each of these Arabic grammatical phenomena in depth, as well as technical details on their integration into the conversion algorithm. 1.
Directional Frame Timing Synchronization in Wideband Millimeter-Wave Systems with Low-Resolution ADCs (2018)

In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel beamforming strategy for directional frame timing synchronization in wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems operating with low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). In the employed system model, we assume multiple radio frequency chains equipped at the base station to simultaneously form multiple synchronization beams in the analog domain. We formulate the corresponding directional frame timing synchronization problem as a max-min multicast beamforming problem under low-resolution quantization. We first show that the formulated problem cannot be effectively solved by conventional single-stream beamforming based approaches due to large quantization loss and limited beam codebook resolution. We then develop a new multi-beam probing based directional synchronization strategy, targeting at maximizing the minimum received synchronization signal-to-quantization-plus-noise ratio (SQNR) among all users. Leveraging a common synchronization signal structure design, the proposed approach synthesizes an effective composite beam from the simultaneously probed beams to better trade off the beamforming gain and the quantization distortion. Numerical results reveal that for wideband mmWave systems with low-resolution ADCs, the timing synchronization performance of our proposed method outperforms the existing approaches due to the improvement in the received synchronization SQNR.
A New Data Gathering Scheme Based on Set Cover Algorithm for Mobile Sinks in WSNs (2008)

Recent advances in solid state and packaging technologies have enabled production of more efficient and reasonably small devices such as micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS). Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can gather data from sensor nodes and are now at the practical stage of realizations because of the above advances. Conventional researches have mainly focused on extending the lifetime of WSNs because sensor nodes are only equipped with small-capacity batteries. Mobile ubiquitous LAN extension (MULE) is one of the approaches to meet such demand, and it can gather data from isolated nodes. The KAT mobility scheme is one of the mobility schemes on MULE focusing on the efficiency. Therefore, this scheme is expected to prolong the lifetime of the network. However, this scheme cannot ensure that the mobile sinks can gather the data from all of the nodes. In this paper, we focus on the fairness issue of data gathered by the mobile sinks while also considering the efficiency of data gathering. We propose a new mobility scheme based on a new clustering method and the set cover algorithm to ensure that the mobile sinks can gather data from all of the nodes, and simulation results show that fairness of data gathering by the proposed mobility scheme is greatly improved as compared to conventional KAT mobility scheme.
Cloning and analysis of thespcribosomal protein operon ofBacillus subtilis: comparison with thespcoperon ofEscherichia coli (1989)

A segment of Bacillus subtilis chromosomal DNA homologous to the Escherichia coli spc ribosomal protein operon was isolated using cloned E. coli rplE (L5) DNA as a hybridization probe. DNA sequence analysis of the B. subtilis cloned DNA indicated a high degree of conservation of spc operon ribosomal protein genes between B. subtilis and E. coli. This fragment contains DNA homologous to the promoter-proximal region of the spc operon, including coding sequences for ribosomal proteins L14, L24, L5, S14, and part of S8; the organization of B. subtilis genes in this region is identical to that found in E. coli. A region homologous to the E. coli L16, L29 and S17 genes, the last genes of the S10 operon, was located upstream from the gene for L14, the first gene in the spc operon. Although the ribosomal protein coding sequences showed 40-60% amino acid identity with E. coli sequences, we failed to find sequences which would form a structure resembling the E. coli target site for the S8 translational repressor, located near the beginning of the L5 coding region in E. coli, in this region or elsewhere in the B. subtilis spc DNA.
Textual evidence gathering and analysis (2012)

One useful source of evidence for evaluating a candidate answer to a question is a passage that contains the candidate answer and is relevant to the question. In the DeepQA pipeline, we retrieve passages using a novel technique that we call Supporting Evidence Retrieval, in which we perform separate search queries for each candidate answer, in parallel, and include the candidate answer as part of the query. We then score these passages using an assortment of algorithms that use different aspects and relationships of the terms in the question and passage. We provide evidence that our mechanisms for obtaining and scoring passages have a substantial impact on the ability of our question-answering system to answer questions and judge the confidence of the answers.
Improvement of L1 Signaling Protection Based on ATSC 3.0 LDPC Codes (2022)

This paper proposes a new low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding scheme for physical-layer [layer-1 (L1)] signaling (L1 signaling) protection based on modulo lifting operation. The proposed LDPC coding scheme uses the same base matrices as those in ATSC 3.0, but adjusts the lifting size depending on the number of signaling bits. Since L1 signaling protection utilizes quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC codes, their exponent matrices are obtained from those in ATSC 3.0 by modulo lifting operation for the proposed scheme. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can give better block error rate (BLER) performance than the existing ATSC 3.0 signaling protection because the proposed one can dramatically reduce the portions of information shortening and parity puncturing than those in ATSC 3.0.
Detection of aerosolized biological agents by immunoassay followed by autonomous PCR confirmation (2003)

An Autonomous Pathogen Detection System (APDS) unit is an automated, podium-sized system that monitors the air for all three biological threat agents (bacteria, viruses, and toxins). The system has been developed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy and Department of Homeland Security by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to protect people in critical or high-traffic facilities and at special events. The system performs continuous aerosol collection, sample preparation, and multiplexed biological tests using advanced immunoassays as the primary screen. Over ten agents are assayed at once, and results are reported hourly. R&D work this year focused on incorporating polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) techniques for detecting DNA as confirmation of immunoassay positives. The primary objective of the Dugway testing was to demonstrate the APDS with immunoassay identification and PCR confirmation of bacteria. A secondary objective was to demonstrate immunoassay identification of a protein toxoid (denatured toxin) aerosol release. A total of 12 agent trials were conducted over 14 days of testing, for a total of four work weeks at Dugway. Both testing objectives were achieved with multiple releases and clear identifications. The APDS was shown to be effective for identifying aerosolized Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Bacillus globigii, and botulinum toxoid. The two areas for improvement were operational as opposed to hardware-related. The first was slowing the PCR thermal cycling to achieve stronger signals, which was demonstrated during the later phases of testing. The second area is to improve the parameters for autonomous PCR triggering; this is one of the focuses of the upcoming year's work.
Multicore erbium doped fiber amplifier for space division multiplexing (2013)

MC-EDFA is expected as one of the key component for SDM systems. Its possibilities and abilities to enable high-capacity, low power consumption and cost reduction are summarized. Also, recent reports utilizing MC-EDFA are introduced.
A Functional Precision Oncology Approach to Identify Treatment Strategies for Myxofibrosarcoma Patients (2021)

In this era of precision medicine, numerous workflows for the targeting of high-recurrent mutations in common tumor types have been developed, leaving patients with rare diseases with few options. Here, we implement a functional precision oncology approach utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling in combination with high-throughput drug screening, to identify tumor-specific drug sensitivities for patients with rare tumor types such as myxofibrosarcoma. From a patient with a high-grade myxofibrosarcoma, who was enrolled in the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine (EIPM) program, we established patient-derived 3D sarco-spheres and xenograft models for functional testing. In the absence of a large cohort of clinically similar cases, high-throughput drug screening was performed on the patient-derived cells, and compared with two other myxofibrosarcoma lines and a benign fibroblast line to functionally identify tumor-specific drug sensitivities. The addition of functional drug sensitivity testing to complement genomic profiling identified multiple therapeutic options that were further validated in patient derived xenograft models. Genomic analyses detected the frequently known codeletion of the tumor suppressors CDKN2A/B together with the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) and a TP53 E286fs*50 mutation. High-throughput drug screening demonstrated tumor-specific sensitivity to compounds targeting the cell cycle. Based on genomic analysis and high-throughput drug screening, we show that targeting the cell cycle in these tumors is a powerful approach. IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates the potential of functional testing to aid clinical decision making for patients with rare or molecularly complex malignancies when combined with comprehensive genomic profiling.
88×3×112-Gb/s WDM Transmission over 50 km of Three-Mode Fiber with Inline Few Mode Fiber Amplifier (2011)

We demonstrate mode division multiplexed WDM transmission using the LP01 and LP11 modes of a few mode fiber. The signal is recovered using a 6×6 MIMO equalizer at the receiver after amplification by a few mode EDFA.
Preparation of Biologically Active125I-TSH (1974)

The present study was performed to determine whether iodinated bovine TSH of high specific radioactivity could be prepared by a method that would permit retention of its biological activity. Using stoichiometric concentrations of TSH, Nal, and chloramine T, the hormone was iodinated or radioiodinated to the extent of 1iodine atom per molecule. Iodinated TSH was then purified from the reaction mixture by sequential chromatography on Sephadex G-25 and G-100. 127I-TSH had full potency both in the TSH radioimmunoassay and in the McKenzie bioassay. I25I-TSH also had full potency in the bioassay and at least 70% of the label bound to purified bovine thyroid membranes. These studies indicate that iodinated TSH retains biological activity when prepared by the method employed, and that radioiodinated TSH prepared in this manner is a suitable tool for studying the binding of TSH to its tissue receptors. (Endocrinology95: 1228, 1974)
Silicon-Based Microring Resonator Modulators for Intensity Modulation (2009)

We numerically analyze the characteristics of silicon-based microring modulators consisting of a single-ring resonator. Performance of the devices as digital intensity modulators is examined in terms of extinction ratio, pulsewidth, frequency chirp, spectral broadening, and signal quality. Three types of the modulators built in single-waveguide under-/overcoupling and dual-waveguide configurations are discussed. We show that cavity dynamics significantly affect the modulation properties. Data transmission performance over single-mode fibers is also presented. A silicon microring modulator with negative chirp could achieve 0.8 dB power penalty in 80-km fiber transmission without dispersion compensation.
Aggressive resource reservation for OBS systems (2003)

The aggressive reservation strategy in optical burst switching systems is investigated. A success probability - driven algorithm and a bandwidth-utilisation-driven algorithm are proposed to facilitate the authors&apos; recently proposed forward resource reservation transmission scheme. The principles and the theoretical analysis of these two algorithms are presented and, their performance is compared with respect to the reservation success probability and the bandwidth usage efficiency. Simulation results have validated the algorithms and the analysis.
Combination of NOMA and MIMO: Concept and Experimental Trials (2018)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a novel multi-user multiplexing scheme that improves spectral efficiency for LTE enhancements and 5G. By overlapping radio resources (e.g., time/frequency/code), but assigning different powers to the multiplexed users, NOMA is able to improve the system performance and fairness. In this paper, we review the concept of combining downlink NOMA with MIMO. Then, we introduce our experiment trials conducted to assess the performance of downlink NOMA combined with MIMO under realistic conditions. The sets of experimental trials are conducted in outdoor environments, one using NOMA combined with open-loop 2×2 MIMO and another using NOMA combined with closed-loop 4×2 MIMO.
An application for retrieval of frames from a laparoscopic surgical video based on image of query instrument (2008)

This paper describes a practical and reliable solution/approach to achieve automated retrieval of surgical instruments used in laparoscopic surgery. The central goal is to locate particular video frames containing intended information which can be used for analysis and diagnosis. In this paper, a practical system is proposed where the users need not manually search the candidate frames in the entire video. Instead, users can give any query object (in image format) and the frames containing the object will be retrieved. Given an object image, the method extracts features like color and shape of objects in each frame of the laparoscopic video and compare with the input image feature to retrieve the frames containing the desired instrument. The system can recognize the instrument in 91% cases but does not give any false alarm. Experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed application.
Multiprocessor system-on-chip data reuse analysis for exploring customized memory hierarchies (2006)

The increasing use of multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs) for high performance demands of embedded applications results in high power dissipation. The memory subsystem is a large and critical contributor to both energy and performance, requiring system designers to perform exploration of low power memory organizations. In this paper we present a novel multiprocessor data reuse analysis technique that allows the system designer to explore a wide range of customized memory hierarchy organizations with different size and energy profiles. Our technique enables the system designer to explore feasible memory subsystem solutions that meet power and area constraints while maintaining the necessary performance level. Our experiments on the complex QSDPCM benchmark illustrate the exploration of a wide range of customized memory hierarchies for an MPSoC implementation.
Cardiovascular responses to three simple, provocative tests of autonomic activity in sleeping infants (2001)

Whereas defective cardiovascular autonomic control has been implicated in the sudden infant death syndrome, relatively little is known about the normal development of autonomic control, due to the inability to measure blood pressure in infants noninvasively. We studied 12 normal infants [age: 13 ± 2 (SD) wk] using a noninvasive method of continuous blood pressure recording and examined the cardiovascular responses to 45° head-up tilting, a modified cold face test, and a loud noise. In head-up tilting, in both slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep, all infants displayed a rapid biphasic heart rate response (mean increase of 16% and mean decrease of 21%) and blood pressure response (mean increase of 16% and mean decrease of 16%), with a return to pretest values within 20 s. Both ice and noise caused a less pronounced biphasic response. In conclusion, at 3 mo, infants show the adult pattern of response to postural challenge. The short latency of the response suggests that neural inputs, apart from baroreceptors, are involved in the initial phase of the response.
Transparent Conductive Oxide Nanocrystals Coated with Insulators by Atomic Layer Deposition (2016)

Thin films comprised of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) nanocrystals are attractive for a number of optoelectronic applications. However, it is often observed that the conductivity of such films is very low when they are in contact with air. It has recently been demonstrated, somewhat surprisingly, that filling in initially insulating films comprised of TCO nanocrystals with another insulator by atomic layer deposition (ALD) dramatically increases the conductivity by many orders of magnitude. This work aims to elucidate the mechanism by which the ALD coating increases conductivity. We examined the effect of removing two adsorbed oxygen species (physisorbed molecular water and chemisorbed hydroxide) on sheet resistance and compared this result to the results with thin films comprised of ZnO nanocrystals coated with Al2O3 and also HfO2 by ALD. Although both insulating infills decrease the sheet resistance and increase the stability of the films, there is a stark discrepancy between the two. From the in situ measurements, it was found that coating with Al2O3 removes both physisorbed water and chemisorbed hydroxide, resulting in a net reduction of the ZnO nanocrystals. Coating with HfO2 removes only physisorbed water, which was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A similar phenomenon was observed when thin films comprised of Sn-doped In2O3 nanocrystals were coated, suggesting Al2O3 can be used to reduce and stabilize metal oxide nanocrystals in general.
Industrial experience with test generation languages for processor verification (2004)

We report on our experience with a new test generation language for processor verification. The verification of two superscalar multiprocessors is described and we show the ease of expressing complex verification tasks. The cost and benefit are demonstrated: training takes up to six months; the simulation time required for a desired level of coverage has decreased by a factor of twenty; the number of escape bugs has been reduced.
Trajectory Optimization of Solar-Powered High-Altitude Long Endurance Aircraft (2020)

Solar-powered aircraft can fly perpetually if they are able to fly a 24-hour mission in which they collect more energy than they expend. The energy collected is determined by the orientation and length of time that the aircraft's solar panels are exposed to the sun. The energy spent is determined by flight maneuvers such as changes in airspeed, altitude and heading. Therefore, a perpetual energy balance can be maintained when the aircraft flies along a trajectory that maximizes solar exposure and minimizes flight maneuvers. This paper presents a faster than real-time dynamic programming strategy that computes the optimal trajectory that contains a loitering aircraft inside a cylindrical volume placed about a reference waypoint.
Abstract LB-201: BIL06v immunizations generate antibodies specific for non-functional P2X7 (nfP2X7) that target solid tumors in vivo (2019)

Abstract P2X7 is an ATP-gated purinergic receptor characterized by a biphasic response. Short term exposure to high ATP concentrations triggers opening of a cation channel, whilst prolonged exposure triggers opening of a non-selective pore that disrupts intracellular homeostasis, leading to cell death. Increasing numbers of studies have described a role for P2X7 in malignant tumors, including breast, prostate, colorectal and lung, and P2X7 has been shown to play critical roles in mediating various cancer cellular responses, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. We have described a form of P2X7 that is highly expressed on several cancers, which we term non-functional P2X7 (nfP2X7) that is unable to open a non-selective pore. Non-functional-P2X7 can form when P2X7-expressing cells undergo prolonged exposure to high ATP concentrations found in the local tumor microenvironment. This conformational change results in the exposure of a unique epitope composed of amino acids 200-216, known as the E200 peptide epitope. The E200 peptide epitope has been shown to be a safe and selective target for antibodies against solid tumors. Using the E200 peptide epitope we have prepared a peptide vaccine adjuvanted by Alhydrogel 2%, which we have termed BIL06v, for the therapeutic treatment of solid tumors. A similar vaccination approach was used to generate antibodies for a topical therapeutic that was shown to be safe with indications of efficacy in a Phase 1 clinical trial to treat basal cell carcinoma. Using preclinical in vivo models, we have investigated the tractability of BIL06v as a therapeutic against tumors. In mice and human, BIL06v can break immune tolerance and drive the production of antibodies specific for nfP2X7. A formal toxicology study has demonstrated both immunogenicity and safety in rats following repeated treatment with BIL06v. Furthermore, BIL06v treatment has been shown to improve host outcomes in syngeneic mouse models of disease. Therefore, targeting nfP2X7 with a peptide conjugate vaccine, such as BIL06v, presents a novel and safe therapeutic approach for the treatment of multiple malignancies. Citation Format: Chris J. Oliphant, Elle Freeman, Simon Gilbert, Romain Lara, Edwin Huang, Julian Barden, Shaun McNulty. BIL06v immunizations generate antibodies specific for non-functional P2X7 (nfP2X7) that target solid tumors in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-201.
Hyponatremia Following Antipsychotic Treatment: In Silico Pharmacodynamics Analysis of Spontaneous Reports From the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database and an Updated Systematic Review (2021)

Antipsychotic drugs having a combined modest occupancy for D3 and 5-HT2A receptors and higher levels of D3 receptor occupancy correspond to different degrees of risk for hyponatremia. Based on the few, relatively large-scale available studies, atypical antipsychotics have a more attenuated risk proﬁle for hyponatremia.