gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indirect-feedback Sigma-Delta CMOS image sensors with SAR-based startup (2015)

A novel type of CMOS image sensor (CIS) leveraging two types of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is presented in this work. Contrary to conventional ΣΔ image sensors, which implement ΣΔ ADCs at the column or pixel array level, this work utilizes the pixel structure as part of the ΣΔ modulator to enhance the noise shaping capabilities of the readout scheme. The overall speed performance of this indirectfeedback (IF) ΣΔ image sensor is enhanced with the addition of a Successive Approximation Register (SAR) startup. The SAR startup has been successfully demonstrated on two prototype image sensors developed in a generic 0.35μm digital CMOS process. For the column-level, 320x180 pixel implementation, the SAR startup is included with minimal additional overhead, 1.8% of original ΣΔ column readout circuitry.
A polarization-independent liquid crystal phase modulation using polymer-network liquid crystal with orthogonal alignment layers (2012)

A polarization-independent liquid crystal (LC) phase modulation using polymer-network liquid crystals with orthogonal alignments layers (T-PNLC) is demonstrated. T-PNLC consists of three layers. LC directors in the two layers near glass substrates are orthogonal to each other. In the middle layer, LC directors are perpendicular to the glass substrate. The advantages of such T-PNLC include polarizer-free, larger phase shift (~0.4&pi; rad) than the residual phase type (&lt;0.05&pi; rad), and low operating voltage (&lt; 30V<sub>rms</sub>). It does not require bias voltage for avoiding scattering because the refractive index of liquid crystals matches that of polymers. The phase shift of T-PNLC is affected by the cell gap and the curing voltages. The potential applications are laser beam steering, spatial light modulators and electrically tunable micro-lens arrays.
The incidence and impact of thrombocytopenia in myelodysplastic syndromes (2007)

Thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction contribute to hemorrhagic complications in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Reliable data regarding the frequency and consequences of thrombocytopenia in MDS are lacking. An extensive literature review indicated that the prevalence of thrombocytopenia (platelets<100x10(9)/L) in MDS ranged from 40% to 65%; the median frequency of thrombocytopenia prior to any MDS therapy was 65% (range, 23-93%). A retrospective review of patients who were referred to the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) identified 1605 of 2410 patients (67%) with thrombocytopenia at referral. Of these, 1756 patients were classified using the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), and 896 patients (51%) had intermediate-2 or high-risk disease. Treatment-related thrombocytopenia was observed in studies that involved azacitidine, tipifarnib, decitabine, lenalidomide, sirolimus, and combination chemotherapy with idarubicin, cytarabine, and topotecan. The reported incidence of hemorrhagic complications in the literature ranged from 3% to 53%, and the frequency of hemorrhagic deaths ranged from 14% to 24%. At MDACC, 460 patients had a coded cause of death: hemorrhage as a contributory cause of death, 20%; hemorrhage as the only cause of death, 10%. Thrombocytopenia was common in MDS, and there was an increased prevalence in higher risk IPSS categories. Many approved and investigational MDS therapies caused or exacerbated preexisting thrombocytopenia. The incidence of severe bleeding in MDS was greater than reported in current guidelines.
Soybean Aphid Biotype 4 Identified (2013)

ABSTRACT The soybean aphid [ Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] is an invasive pest of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Since the first report in the United States in 2000 it has become one of the most damaging soybean pests. Three soybean aphid biotypes have been reported to date. The objective of this research was to determine whether an A. glycines field isolate collected near Lomira, WI, was unique from those previously reported. The response of the Lomira isolate was compared to existing soybean aphid Biotypes 1, 2, and 3 by conducting caged and noncaged assays using 10 soybean genotypes. In both the caged and noncaged assays, there were significant effects ( P &lt; 0.0001) of soybean aphid isolate, genotype, and soybean aphid isolate × genotype interaction. The Lomira isolate reaction profile was different than those of previously reported biotypes, therefore identifying a new biotype to use in characterization of soybean aphid resistant germplasm.
Understanding the Rate Capability of High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Rich Layered Li1.2Ni0.15Co0.1Mn0.55O2 Cathode Materials (2013)

The high‐energy‐density, Li‐rich layered materials, i.e., x LiMO 2 (1‐ x )Li 2 MnO 3 , are promising candidate cathode materials for electric energy storage in plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). The relatively low rate capability is one of the major problems that need to be resolved for these materials. To gain insight into the key factors that limit the rate capability, in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the cathode material, Li 1.2 Ni 0.15 Co 0.1 Mn 0.55 O 2 [0.5Li(Ni 0.375 Co 0.25 Mn 0.375 )O 2 ·0.5Li 2 MnO 3 ], are carried out. The partial capacity contributed by different structural components and transition metal elements is elucidated and correlated with local structure changes. The characteristic reaction kinetics for each element are identified using a novel time‐resolved XAS technique. Direct experimental evidence is obtained showing that Mn sites have much poorer reaction kinetics both before and after the initial activation of Li 2 MnO 3 , compared to Ni and Co. These results indicate that Li 2 MnO 3 may be the key component that limits the rate capability of Li‐rich layered materials and provide guidance for designing Li‐rich layered materials with the desired balance of energy density and rate capability for different applications.
Correction: Corrigendum: Controlling hybrid nonlinearities in transparent conducting oxides via two-colour excitation (2017)

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15829.
Mediterranean herb extracts inhibit microbial growth of representative oral microorganisms and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (2018)

In light of the growing antibiotic resistance, the usage of plant-derived antimicrobial agents could serve as an effective alternative treatment against oral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of Mediterranean herb extracts against representative oral microorganisms. The extraction procedures and the analysis of the obtained extracts were performed under established experimental conditions. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of the methanol extracts of Cistus creticus ssp. creticus, Cistus monspeliensis, Origanum vulgare, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia sclarea and Thymus longicaulis against eight typical oral bacteria and the fungus Candida albicans were determined. The antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans was also quantified using the microtiter plate test. Overall, all tested extracts inhibited effectively the screened obligate anaerobic microorganisms and in concentrations ≥0.3 mg ml-1 had moderate to high antibiofilm activity comparable to that of chlorhexidine (CHX) against S. mutans. In particular, R. officinalis (MIC: 0.08-5.00 mg ml-1) and S. sclarea (MIC: 0.08-2.50 mg ml-1) showed the highest antibacterial activity, while Cistus spp., R. officinalis and S. sclarea significantly inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation at 0.60, 1.25 and 2.50 mg ml-1, respectively. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Parvimonas micra were high susceptible to O. vulgare (MIC = 0.30 mg ml-1), whereas T. longicaulis eradicated all oral bacteria (MBC: 0.15-2.50 mg ml-1). Nevertheless, C. albicans showed no sensitivity to the tested extracts. In conclusion, the tested plant extracts could serve as alternative natural antibacterial and antibiofilm components against oral infections.
Use of a NOTES closure device for full-thickness suturing of a postoperative anastomotic esophageal leakage (2010)

Leakages at surgical anastomoses in the gastrointestinal tract represent a challenging clinical problem. Standard therapy entails conservative or surgical revision of the anastomotic area with high morbidity and mortality up to 30 %. None of the previous endoscopic approaches, which include stenting, endoscopic clip closure, and fibrin glue injection, are sufficiently established for routine clinical use. We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with a postoperative leakage and abscess at the esophagojejunostomy. The defect was closed with two anchor-lock sutures. The patient was able to resume oral food intake 5 days later and made a full recovery with endoscopically documented mucosal healing at the site of the anastomosis. In summary, endoscopic suturing may be a promising approach for the treatment of postoperative leaks that warrants further, controlled investigation.
Influence of the chemical composition and textural characteristics of palygorskite on the acid leaching of octahedral cations (1987)

Abstract Leaching of two palygorskites with different octahedral aluminium contents has been carried out in HCl at 20°–70°C. The acid concentration was varied in the range 0·05–6 mol. 1 −1 , using 4–500 g.g −1 liquid to solid ratios. Acid leaching of up to 60% of the octahedral cations did not provoke structural changes or amorphization of the samples. On the bases of the selectivity of extraction of Mg 2+ , Fe 3+ and Al 3+ , it appeared that most of the octahedral edge positions are occupied by Mg 2+ , some by Fe 3+ , and practically none by Al 3+ . Differences in acid-leaching behaviour between the two palygorskites was better related to accessible surface than chemical composition.
Laboratory data base for isomer-specific determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaboratory data base for isomer-specific determination of polychlorinated biphenylsTed R. Schwartz, Randolph D. Campbell, David L. Stalling, Robert L. Little, Jimmie D. Petty, James W. Hogan, and Edwin M. KaiserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 8, 1303–1308Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00272a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00272a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ending the (Cell) wall metaphor in microbiology (2022)

•The outer surfaces of fungi and bacteria are highly dynamic, flexible, regulated and adaptable structures.•The term "cell wall" is conceptually limiting and insufficient to adequately describe the outer surface of bacteria and fungi.•The Greek term plégma or in Latin word "reticulum" better capture the nature of the cell wall.
Microglia and Pain (2012)

Extract Abbreviations Introduction Chronic neuropathic pain is a highly debilitating condition that can be instigated by nerve trauma, disease, or infection (Scholz and Woolf 2007). Clinically it is characterized by spontaneously occurring pain as well as evoked pain. The latter generally presents either as allodynia (pain resulting from an innocuous stimulus) or hyperalgesia (an exaggerated pain response to a noxious stimulus) or more commonly both (Baron et al. 2010). These cardinal symptoms can be extremely resistant to treatment and as such chronic neuropathic pain persists in the individual and consequently in society as a major socioeconomic problem. Treatment strategies typically target neuronal mechanisms, and although there is clear evidence for a neuronal component in neuropathic pain, the lack of efficacy of these drugs is consistent with a more recent and growing body of evidence that nonneuronal mechanisms have a major functional contribution to the etiology of chronic pain states (Beggs and...
Multinuclear Solid‐State Magnetic Resonance as a Sensitive Probe of Structural Changes upon the Occurrence of Halogen Bonding in Co‐crystals (2013)

Although the understanding of intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, is relatively well-developed, many additional weak interactions work both in tandem and competitively to stabilize a given crystal structure. Due to a wide array of potential applications, a substantial effort has been invested in understanding the halogen bond. Here, we explore the utility of multinuclear ((13)C, (14/15)N, (19)F, and (127)I) solid-state magnetic resonance experiments in characterizing the electronic and structural changes which take place upon the formation of five halogen-bonded co-crystalline product materials. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) structures of three novel co-crystals which exhibit a 1:1 stoichiometry between decamethonium diiodide (i.e., [(CH3)3N(+)(CH2)10N(+)(CH3)3][2 I(-)]) and different para-dihalogen-substituted benzene moieties (i.e., p-C6X2Y4, X=Br, I; Y=H, F) are presented. (13)C and (15)N NMR experiments carried out on these and related systems validate sample purity, but also serve as indirect probes of the formation of a halogen bond in the co-crystal complexes in the solid state. Long-range changes in the electronic environment, which manifest through changes in the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor, are quantitatively measured using (14)N NMR spectroscopy, with a systematic decrease in the (14)N quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ) observed upon halogen bond formation. Attempts at (127)I solid-state NMR spectroscopy experiments are presented and variable-temperature (19)F NMR experiments are used to distinguish between dynamic and static disorder in selected product materials, which could not be conclusively established using solely XRD. Quantum chemical calculations using the gauge-including projector augmented-wave (GIPAW) or relativistic zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) density functional theory (DFT) approaches complement the experimental NMR measurements and provide theoretical corroboration for the changes in NMR parameters observed upon the formation of a halogen bond.
Transverse Modulational Instability of Counter-propagating Beams in a Kerr Medium Divided into Thin Slices (1990)

Abstract The Maxwell equations for counter-propagating beams in a Kerr medium can be approximated by ‘thin-sample encoding’ in which a thickness L of a nonlinear medium is replaced by a set of n thin slices separated by regions of empty space: within the slices only a nonlinear phase shift takes place, while between them there is only diffraction.
Embedded Suspended Stripline Substrate Technology (ESSS) as a Catalyst for Low-loss PCB Structures in the Ka-Band (2019)

A novel PCB embedded suspended stripline arrangement is proposed in order to improve the RF performance compared to classical planar technologies. The advantages are demonstrated through the design and characterization of a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order filter at Ka-band having 4.5% fractional bandwidth (FBW). The simulated Q-factor is around 455 which is significantly higher compared to what is achievable in microstrip. The manufactured sample shows deviations in the expected range given by the manufacturing tolerances from the simulated results. However, a similar high Q-factor of 410 in Ka-band was obtained.
Effects of an attention demanding task on dynamic stability during treadmill walking (2008)

These findings demonstrate that the decreased movement variability associated with the Stroop task did not translate to greater dynamic stability.
Functional Hybrid Materials with Polymer Nanoparticles as Templates (2010)

The use of polymeric nanoparticles as templates for producing inorganic materials is an intriguing approach as it offers the feasibility of synthesizing hybrid organic-inorganic functional materials for a broad spectrum of applications ranging from optoelectronics to biomedicine. The concept of using polymer nanoparticles as templates to produce hybrid materials has several advantages. On the one hand, the entire geometry of the nanoparticle can be used as a confined nano-environment to let the inorganic material grow inside the particle. On the other hand, the high surface area of nanoparticle can be exploited to let the inorganic material grow on the outside surface of the particles. One such application is presented here, in which polymer nanoparticles were used as biomimetic template to produce composite nanoparticles made of the bone mineral hydroxyapatite (HAP). The synthesized hybrid particle has a great potential to be used as regenerative filler or as scaffold for nucleation and growth of new bone material. In addition to be applied as coatings on implants, these nanoparticles also offer the feasibility of being injected directly into the damaged part or administered intravenously with functionalization. Within this overview, we will mainly focus on different polymer nanoparticles obtained by the miniemulsion technique and the different possibilities for them to be used as templates for the biomimetic mineralization of calcium phosphate in the aqueous phase.
A Cooperative OSDA Blueprint for Highly Siliceous Faujasite Zeolite Catalysts with Enhanced Acidity Accessibility (2021)

Abstract A cooperative OSDA strategy is demonstrated, leading to novel high‐silica FAU zeolites with a large potential for disruptive acid catalysis. In bottom‐up synthesis, the symbiosis of choline ion (Ch + ) and 15‐crown‐5 (CE) was evidenced, in a form of full occupation of the sodalite (sod) cages with the trans Ch + conformer, induced by the CE presence. CE itself occupied the supercages along with additional gauche Ch + , but in synthesis without CE, no trans was found. The cooperation, and thus the fraction of trans Ch + , was closely related to the Si/Al ratio, a key measure for FAU stability and acidity. As such, a bottom‐up handle for lowering the Al‐content of FAU and tuning its acid site distribution is shown. A mechanistic study demonstrated that forming sod cages with trans Ch + is key to the nucleation of high‐silica FAU zeolites. The materials showed superior performances to commercial FAU zeolites and those synthesized without cooperation, in the catalytic degradation of polyethylene.
On the Use of Data From Distributed Measurement Systems for Correlating Voltage Transients to Lightning (2004)

Voltage transients are the main causes of complaints from medium-voltage customers. For this reason, utilities and independent authorities are focusing their attention on investigation techniques capable of providing information useful for classifying voltage transients depending on their origin. Distributed measurement systems for power quality monitoring able to detect, measure, and classify impulsive transients can be used in coordination with lightning location systems to assess whether there is a relation between a given transient and a lightning event. In this paper, a criterion for evaluating the above correlation is proposed and a numerical example, which is based on real accuracy specifications, is presented. The results show that attempting a correlation between lightning events and induced transients is quite reasonable.
The INK4A Locus and the p16 INK4A and p19 ARF Genes (2003)

The results of serological tests pointed to an association between the actions taken against Triatoma infestans and the decline and eventual control of the transmission of Chagas disease in the late 1960s.
Two-dimensional spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy of solid materials (1988)

Chemical compositional analysis of solid materials often is based upon vibrational spectroscopy, either infrared or Raman. Vibrational analysis is particularly valuable. The development of mutichannel detection systems for Raman spectroscopy coupled with microscopic techniques has resulted in a number of commercial Raman microprobes (from Spex Industries, Jobin-Yvon ISA, Dilor, for example) capable of probing areas on the order of 100 ..mu..m/sup 2/ routinely. For macroscopic samples, with dimensions of thousands of microns on a side, an instrument which mutiplexes both the spatial domain and wavelength would enhance the capability of Raman spectroscopy. We report on the development of such a Raman instrument and describe, as an example, its application to the investigation of the phase transformation accompanying crack growth in partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ). 5 figs., 4 refs.
The 1971 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (1971)

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Reference-free THz-TDS conductivity analysis of thin conducting films (2020)

We present a reference-free method to determine electrical parameters of thin conducting films by steady state transmission-mode terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). We demonstrate that the frequency-dependent AC conductivity of graphene can be acquired by comparing the directly transmitted THz pulse with a transient internal reflection within the substrate which avoids the need for a standard reference scan. The DC sheet conductivity, scattering time, carrier density, mobility, and Fermi velocity of graphene are retrieved subsequently by fitting the AC conductivity with the Drude model. This reference-free method was investigated with two complementary THz setups: one commercial fibre-coupled THz spectrometer with fast scanning rate (0.2-1.5 THz) and one air-plasma based ultra-broadband THz spectrometer for greatly extended frequency range (2-10 THz). Certain propagation correction terms for more accurate retrieval of electrical parameters are discussed.