gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Threshold Voltage Instability Induced by Plasma Process Damage in Advanced Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (2010)

The effects of plasma process-induced physical damage on n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) performance were investigated in detail in terms of threshold voltage ( V th ) and V th shift (Δ V th ). The Si recess structure formed by ion bombardment was primarily focused on in this study. Defect site density was also considered as a possible cause of Δ V th . The damaged structure and damage formation mechanisms were studied using an optical analysis technique and classical molecular dynamics simulations. The plasma-induced Δ V th of devices with various recess depths was estimated by technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations, by taking into account the bias power dependence of damaged layer thickness. The V th related to the recess structure shifts toward the negative direction in n-channel MOSFETs, indicating an increase in off-state leakage current ( I OFF ). |Δ V th | proportionally increases with the increasing recess depth d R (∼ bias power), while the underlying defect density does not affect Δ V th . Moreover, the predicted V th decrease (Δ V th &lt;0) with an increase in d R strongly depends on gate length ( L g ), i.e., the decrement in V th is inversely proportional to L g . This suggests that the d R increase induces an exponential increase in the standby power consumption of advanced devices. We provide a comprehensive relationship between device parameters ( V th , I off , and L g ) and process parameters for plasma-damaged devices.
Thermal Intermolecular Hetero Diels–Alder Cycloadditions of Aldehydes and Imines via o-Quinone Dimethides (2000)

Highly regio- and stereodefined products are obtained from the cycloaddition of benzocyclobutenes with aldehydes and imines (see scheme). These high-yielding thermal reactions can be performed in the absence of catalysis—even at ambient temperature. Y=H, OMe; X=NR′, O; TBS=tert-butyldimethylsilyl.
State-of-Health Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Decoupled Dynamic Characteristic of Constant-Voltage Charging Current (2021)

State-of-health (SoH) is one of the critical battery states that must be estimated and closely monitored by the on- board battery management system in electric vehicles (EVs). In this study, the battery SoH, especially the capacity fade, is calculated based on the decoupled characteristic of the charging current under the constant-voltage (CV) scenario. First, a dynamic-decoupled parameter identification method is proposed to extract the parameters of the simplified second-order resistor–inductor ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RL</i> ) network-based equivalent circuit model (ECM), developed by the authors. Second, the dynamic characteristics of the decoupled CV charging currents at different aging states are qualitatively investigated, and the corresponding time constant is selected as a feature-of-interest (FoI) to reflect the battery capacity degradation. Third, the aging data based on two types of lithium-ion batteries are employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Verification results demonstrate that the proposed parameter identification method yields a reduced computational cost with a satisfactory fitting performance, compared to the conventional methods. The proposed parameterization method and the selected FoI guarantee the root-mean-square errors of the estimated SoH less than 2%, and the comparative results further validate the superiority of the selected FoI in terms of the SoH estimation accuracy.
30: Ex-vivo Expansion and mRNA Transfection of Cord Blood Derived Natural Killer Cells (2007)

Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated alloreactivity can control leukemia relapse while protecting patients from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Cord blood (CB) is rich in NK cell progenitors and represents an attractive platform for cytotoxic cell therapy. Our objective was to ex-vivo expand cord blood NK cells followed by genetic modification to ultimately render them cancer cell specific by introducing chimeric antigen receptors. CB mononuclear cells were cryopreserved after CD3 depletion performed by immunomagnetic microbead selection (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA). Cells were plated for NK expansion, with or without a feeder layer of irradiated umbilical cord mesenchymal cells (UC-MSC) obtained from the Wharton’s jelly either from the same (autologous) or from an unrelated (allogeneic) cord donor, with or without IL-2 (1000 IU/ml), IL-15 (10 ng/ml), IL-3 (10ng/ml) and Flt3 (10ng/ml). At a median of 19 days of culture (range 14-21), there was significantly higher expansion (range 3.5-72 fold) of CD56+/CD3− cells with the UC-MSC feeder layer and cytokines compared to controls (mean 21.2 ± 20.8 fold increase vs 1.6 ± 0.9 fold increase with feeder layer only and 1.8 ± 0.89 fold increase with cytokines only, p=0.039 and p=0.041 respectively). There was no significant difference in NK expansion between autologous and allogeneic UC-MSC feeder layers (29.6 ± 26.8 vs. 12.8 ± 8.9 fold, p=0.243). NK cells expansion was directly proportional to the number of UC-MSC plated as feeders. Expanded CB-NK cells also displayed enhanced cytotoxicity compared to control cultures plated with cytokines only (91.78±0.7% vs. 82.5±1.8%, p=0.003 and 89±2.3% vs. 83.7±0.18%, p=0.056, respectively). To test whether expanded CB-NK cells can be genetically engineered for ultimately targeting malignant cells, we transfected via electroporation (Bio-Rad) expanded CB-NK cells with mRNA produced from plasmid GFP-cDNA. GFP-mRNA expression (flow cytometry) at 24 hours was significantly higher (mean 42.8±5.2%) compared to GFP-cDNA controls (mean 4.2±0.35%, p<0.001). Mean GFP-mRNA expression was 35%, 31% and 16.5% at 48, 72 and 144 hours respectively. In summary, CB-NK cells can be effectively expanded on a feeder layer of UC-MSC while preserving cytotoxicity and can also be genetically engineered by mRNA transfection.
Study for assessing the conformity of a commercial measurement system for smart grid application (2015)

The paper presents an example of conformity assessment of novel distributed measurement system for monitoring the operation of MV power networks. The system is at prototype stage and it is made by Low Power Instrument Transformers featuring high accuracy, power quality bandwidth and allowing protection operation functions. The sensors are connected to a new Intelligent Electronic Device (IED), which implements many protection and measurement functions along with the most common communication capabilities. The presented system is going to be installed in A2A-Reti Elettriche SpA power network in Brescia, Italy. The uncertainty of some measurement function has been experimentally evaluated and compared with that obtained through simulation analysis. Results confirm that this last procedure can be effectively used as preventive uncertainty analysis for allowing the choice of proper high accurate measurement and protection systems, according to the specified applications.
Integrin alpha IIb beta 3 (platelet GPIIb-IIIa) recognizes multiple sites in fibronectin. (1991)

The binding of fibronectin (Fn) to several integrins involves the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptide sequence. However, linear synthetic RGD peptides do not completely mimic the cell attachment activity of intact Fn or certain large Fn fragments. This suggests that the integrin-Fn interaction involves a more extended surface of Fn than that provided by the RGD sequence. To test this possibility, three novel monoclonal anti-Fn antibodies that inhibit its binding to a purified integrin, alpha IIb beta 3, were developed. The epitopes of these three antibodies mapped to a region at least 55 residues amino-terminal of the RGD sequence. Further, recombinant fragments of Fn containing these epitopes and lacking the RGD site also inhibited the binding of Fn to purified alpha IIb beta 3. These fragments, which spanned Fn residues 1359-1436, bound to alpha IIb beta 3 in a divalent cation-dependent manner. In addition, this region of Fn bound specifically to alpha IIb beta 3 on thrombin-stimulated but not resting platelets. These results demonstrate the presence of additional sequences in Fn that interact with integrin alpha IIb beta 3 and suggest that multiple sites in Fn are involved in its recognition by this integrin.
MECHANISM AND KINETICS OF COVALENT AMIDE-LINKED ADDUCT FORMATION IN SOLUTION AND SOLID PEPTIDE FORMULATIONS (2011)

Peptides and proteins are prone to chemical and physical degradation in solutions and solids. One of the most common chemical degradation pathways involves deamidation of asparagine residues through a reactive succinimide intermediate resulting in the formation of aspartyl and isoaspartyl degradation products. In this work, kinetic studies in aqueous solutions demonstrated that the succinimide intermediate is susceptible to attack by nucleophiles other than water. This may lead to a variety of alternative degradants. In solutions containing high concentrations of ammonia, the succinimide generated in the deamidation of the model peptides Phe-Asn-Gly and Phe-isoAsn-Gly underwent back-reaction with ammonia leading to peptide isomerization. Intramolecular cyclization involving the N-terminus of Phe-Asn-Gly to form a cyclic diketopiperazine was also observed. Experiments employing the succinimide as the starting reactant and kinetic models confirmed that the above pathways proceed exclusively through an imide intermediate. To maximize their stability, proteins and peptides are formulated as lyophilized solids. However, succinimide-mediated deamidation remains important in solid-state degradation. Accelerated stability studies of the model peptide Gly-Phe-Asn-Gly in the presence of excess Gly-Val in amorphous lyophiles revealed the formation of four deamidation products from the reaction of the succinimide intermediate with water as well as four covalent amide-linked adducts. The amide-linked adducts were identified as diastereomers formed by nucleophilic attack of the Gly-Val N-terminus at either the alpha or beta-carbonyl of the succinimide. A comprehensive kinetic model confirmed that the formation of all four hydrolysis products and the four covalent-adducts proceed exclusively through the succinimide. The relative ratio of formation of hydrolysis products to covalent-adducts reflects a competition between water and the N-terminus of neighboring peptides for reaction with the succinimide intermediate. This ratio varies with formulation. The sensitivity of the individual reaction steps involved in deamidation and covalent adduct formation to formulation changes (e.g., variation in water content and dilution of reactants by increasing excipient content) were explored. Increasing water content accelerated adduct and hydrolysis degradant formation while increases in concentration of a polymeric excipient (HPMC) appeared to have no significant effect. The novel mechanism described offers an alternative pathway for peptide and protein aggregation, particularly in amorphous solid formulations.
An alternative convergent synthesis of silole-core dendrimers (2005)

Silole-core dendrimers having benzyl-ether-type dendron units in the periphery are readily synthesized by the Ni-catalyzed reaction of benzyloxy-substituted diphenylacetylenes with 1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisilane.Key words: silole, dendrimer, nickel-catalyzed reaction, convergent synthesis.
Modeling the deformation of crystalline solids; Proceedings of the Symposium, Annual Meeting of the Minerals, Metals Materials Society, New Orleans, LA, Feb. 17-21, 1991 (1991)

Consideration is given to micro/macromechanics and microstructures; evolution of dislocation micromechanics and dislocation macromechanics; large strain, texture evolution, and metal forming; constitutive relations; deformation of alloys, intermetallics, and nonmetals; failure and fractures; and high temperature deformation. Particular attention is given to distribution of glide systems in cell forming metals; correlation between dislocation microstructure and static/dynamic strength of metals; reliable modeling of complex behavior; crystal plasticity constitutive models applications; thermomechanical strengthening of B2 intermetallics; damage accumulation in fracture processes; and a constitutive model for the high temperature inelastic response of nickel base superalloys.
Data from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;For a subpopulation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, the constitutively activated tyrosine kinase, mutant FLT3, has emerged as a promising target for therapy. The development of drug resistance, however, is a growing concern for mutant FLT3 inhibitors, such as PKC412. Potential therapeutic benefit can arise from the combination of two structurally diverse inhibitors that target—but bind differently to—the same protein or from two inhibitors with completely different mechanisms of action. Thus, there is a need for identification and development of novel FLT3 inhibitors that have the ability to positively combine with PKC412 or standard chemotherapeutic agents used to treat AML as a way to suppress the development of drug resistance and consequently prolong disease remission. Here, we report the effects of the novel type II ATP-competitive inhibitors, HG-7-85-01 and HG-7-86-01, which potently and selectively target mutant FLT3 protein kinase activity and inhibit the proliferation of cells harboring FLT3-ITD or FLT3 kinase domain point mutants via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition. Antileukemic activity of HG-7-85-01 was shown &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; to be comparable with that observed with PKC412 in a bioluminescence assay using NCr nude mice harboring Ba/F3-FLT3-ITD-luc+ cells. HG-7-85-01 was also observed to override PKC412 resistance. Finally, HG-7-85-01 and HG-7-86-01 synergized with PKC412 and standard chemotherapeutic agents against mutant PKC412-sensitive and some PKC412-resistant, FLT3-positive cells. Thus, we present a structurally novel class of FLT3 inhibitors that warrants consideration for clinical testing against drug-resistant disease in AML patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(9); 2468–77. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Analysis and modeling of coupled dispersive interconnection lines (1992)

A standard method is presented for the analysis and the simulation of coupled dispersive interconnection structures. A high-frequency circuit model which is well-suited for CAD applications is proposed. Considerable attention is paid to the physical interpretation of the full-wave parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supercomputing Power for Interactive Visualization (1991)

Abstract : Our work over the past several years has explored multicomputer architectures for three dimensional graphics that offer the promise of scalability, very high performance, and greater flexibility and range of application than today's systems. While current high performance commercial graphics systems employ various forms of parallelism to support interaction with 3D objects and scenes, all operate on a single stream of graphics primitives. Much of our effort has been devoted to finding ways to operate in parallel both on lists of graphics primitives as well as on the pixels within primitives, and to incorporate parallel execution of user application code to generate and modify the graphics primitives to be displayed.
최근접 질의를 위한 고차원 인덱싱 방법 (2001)

최근접 질의(nearest neighbor query)는 멀티미디어 데이타베이스에서 주어진 질의 객체와 가장 유사한 객체를 찾기 위한 매우 중요한 연산으로 사용된다. 대부분의 최근접 질의 처리 기법들은 객체의 효과적인 인덱싱을 위하여 다차원 인덱스(multidimensional index)를 사용한다. 그러나 N차원 사각형 혹은 원을 사용하여 객체 클러스터의 캡슐을 표현하는 기존의 다차원 인덱스들은 차원 수가 높아짐에 따라 검색 성능이 크게 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 단순한 캡슐 표현 방식이 최근접 질의 처리의 성능을 저하시키는 주요 원인임을 지적하고, (1) 클러스터에 적합한 새로운 축 시스템(axis system)의 채택, (2) 원과 사각형의 조합에 의한 다양한 캡슐 형태의 표현, (3) 아웃 라이어(outlier)의 별도 관리 등의 해결 방안을 제안한다. 또한, 이러한 개념들을 채택하는 인덱싱 구조를 제시하고, 이를 이용하는 최근접 질의 처리 방안을 제안한다. 끝으로, 다양한 실험에 의한 성능 평가를 통하여 제안된 기법의 우수성을 검증한다.
Metabolomics Analysis of Urine Samples from Children after Acetaminophen Overdose (2017)

Acetaminophen (APAP), a commonly used over-the-counter analgesic, accounts for approximately fifty percent of the cases of acute liver failure (ALF) in the United States due to overdose, with over half of those unintentional. Current clinical approaches for assessing APAP overdose rely on identifying the precise time of overdose and quantitating acetaminophen alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in peripheral blood. Novel specific and sensitive biomarkers may provide additional information regarding patient status post overdose. Previous non-clinical metabolomics studies identified potential urinary biomarkers of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and metabolites involved pathways of tricarboxylic acid cycle, ketone metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism. In this study, biomarkers identified in the previous non-clinical study were evaluated in urine samples collected from healthy subjects ( <i>N</i> = 6, median age 14.08 years) and overdose patients ( <i>N</i> = 13, median age 13.91 years) as part of an IRB-approved multicenter study of APAP toxicity in children. The clinical results identified metabolites from pathways previously noted, and pathway analysis indicated analogous pathways were significantly altered in both the rats and humans after APAP overdose. The results suggest a metabolomics approach may enable the discovery of specific, translational biomarkers of drug-induced hepatotoxicity that may aid in the assessment of patients.
Seamless Convergence of Fiber and Wireless Systems for 5G and Beyond Networks (2018)

We propose different fronthaul systems for facilitating future mobile networks based on the seamless convergence of fiber-optic and wireless systems in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands. First, a flexible and high-performance wireless fronthaul system is proposed through an encapsulation of radio signals onto a converged fiber-mmWave system. A simultaneous transmission of three radio signals over the system is successfully demonstrated. Second, a high-performance optical self-heterodyne system is proposed and demonstrated for the generation and transmission of radio access signals in high-frequency bands. Third, a high-spectral-efficiency optical fronthaul system for the simultaneous transmission of multiple radio signals in different frequency bands is proposed using a subcarrier-multiplexing intermediate-frequency-over-fiber system. Satisfactory performance is experimentally confirmed for the transmission of three different radio signals in the microwave and low- and high-mmWave bands. The proposed systems can overcome the challenges and bottlenecks of the current mobile fronthaul systems and can be useful in different usage scenarios of 5G and beyond networks.
Blood HO-1 mRNA in AD and MCI (2001)

Last year, we published an article in Neurology entitled “Evaluation of heme oxygenase-1 as a systemic biologic marker of sporadic AD.”1 In that article, we reported that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein concentrations are significantly lower in plasma and CSF samples procured from subjects with sporadic AD relative to normal elderly control values. Moreover, HO-1 mRNA levels (determined by Northern blotting) in blood mononuclear cells (MNC) derived from the AD patients and some individuals with mild cognitive impairment were significantly suppressed relative to normal elderly controls and patients with other neurologic and medical conditions.

In our study,1 …
Synthesis, Reaction, and Recycle of Light Fluorous Grubbs′—Hoveyda Catalysts for Alkene Metathesis. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Which Factors Determine the Wear Rate of Large-Diameter Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacements? (2013)

Background: Determining the relationship between clinical factors and engineering analysis of retrieved hip implants can help our understanding of the mechanism of device failure. This is particularly important for metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties because the most common cause of failure is unexplained. We sought to understand the variation in wear rates in a large series of retrieved metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty components. Methods: We prospectively recorded preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data to study the effect on both head and cup wear rates of the following variables: patient sex, cause of failure, manufacturer type, resurfacing or modular design, blood cobalt and chromium levels, edge-loading, femoral head size, and cup inclination angle. We analyzed 276 components (138 femoral head and acetabular cup couples) retrieved from failed metal-on-metal hip replacements. Results: We found a high rate of edge-loading (64%), but only forty-three (31%) of 138 hips had a cup inclination angle of >55°. Multivariate analysis showed that the most important factor responsible for the variation in wear rate was the presence or absence of edge-loading, even when adjusted for cup inclination angle. Strong positive correlations were found between acetabular cup and femoral head wear rates and between wear rates and both blood cobalt and chromium ion levels. Conclusions: Multivariate analysis of nine factors found that edge-loading was the most important predictor of wear rate and occurred in two-thirds of failed metal-on-metal hip replacements. The majority did not have excessive cup inclination angles: 68% had an inclination angle of ≤55°. This finding, together with the relatively low median wear rate of the components in our study, suggests that cup position and/or wear rate may not be the only outcome related to failure of metal-on-metal hip replacements. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Highly unidirectional Y-junction-coupled S-section InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot ring lasers (2008)

Fabrication and characterization of Y-junction-coupled S-section InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot ring lasers with low threshold current density and high unidirectionality is reported. The new design suppresses unwanted counterpropagating modes more effectively than in the previous S-section-racetrack devices.
1,3-Butadiene-Induced Adenine DNA Adducts Are Genotoxic but Only Weakly Mutagenic When Replicated in Escherichia Coli of Various Repair and Replication Backgrounds (2017)

The adverse effects of the human carcinogen 1,3-butadiene (BD) are believed to be mediated by its DNA-reactive metabolites such as 3,4-epoxybut-1-ene (EB) and 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB). The specific DNA adducts responsible for toxic and mutagenic effects of BD, however, have yet to be identified. Recent in vitro polymerase bypass studies of BD-induced adenine (BD-dA) adducts show that DEB-induced N6,N6-DHB-dA (DHB = 2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl) and 1,N6-γ-HMHP-dA (HMHP = 2-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylpropan-1,3-diyl) adducts block replicative DNA polymerases but are bypassed by human polymerases η and κ, leading to point mutations and deletions. In contrast, EB-induced N6-HB-dA (HB = 2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl) does not block DNA synthesis and is nonmutagenic. In the present study, we employed a newly established in vivo lesion-induced mutagenesis/genotoxicity assay via next-generation sequencing to evaluate the in vivo biological consequences of S-N6-HB-dA, R,R-N6,N6-DHB-dA, S,S-N6,N6-DHB-dA, and R,S-1,N6-γ-HMH...