gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical properties enhancement of carbon fiber obtained from isotropic pitch doped by ultra-long carbon nanotubes (2022)

Carbon fibers (CF) were formed from carbon nanotube-doped isotropic petroleum pitch. Ultra-long (the length of a single filament is more than 10,000 nm) double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) were used for doping in concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 wt.%. The produced CF were investigated both in pristine and graphitized form. Physical properties (electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity coefficient), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy of obtained DWCNT-doped CF were investigated. The influence of DWCNT concentration on the properties is nonlinear due to the influence on the CF molding mode and heterogeneity of the DWCNT distribution in the filament body. An increase in the DWCNT concentration, on the one hand, causes an enhancement in the thermal conductivity coefficient, and a decrease in the electrical resistivity of the fibers, on the other hand, it leads to local inhomogeneities formation in the material structure («gas bubbles»), as well as distortions of the CF outer surface. An increase in the DWCNT concentration also leads to an increase in CF average diameter and hollow filaments formation. This feature is paving the way to the development of novel technological methods to control CF properties and morphology, especially to feasible hollow CF composites manufacture.
Accounting for Dependencies in Deep Learning Based Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Imaging (2021)

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a key algorithm for classification of whole slide images (WSI). Histology WSIs can have billions of pixels, which create enormous computational and annotation challenges. Typically, such images are divided into a set of patches (a bag of instances), where only bag-level class labels are provided. Deep learning based MIL methods calculate instance features using convolutional neural network (CNN). Our proposed approach is also deep learning based, with the following two contributions: Firstly, we propose to explicitly account for dependencies between instances during training by embedding self-attention Transformer blocks to capture dependencies between instances. For example, a tumor grade may depend on the presence of several particular patterns at different locations in WSI, which requires to account for dependencies between patches. Secondly, we propose an instance-wise loss function based on instance pseudo-labels. We compare the proposed algorithm to multiple baseline methods, evaluate it on the PANDA challenge dataset, the largest publicly available WSI dataset with over 11K images, and demonstrate state-of-the-art results.
Quick prediction of tunnel displacements using Artificial Neural Network and field measurement results (2009)

This paper presents an Artificial Neural Network approach for a quick displacement prediction using the results of field measurement for NATM tunnels. The data obtained for NATM tunnels constructed in unconsolidated ground were analyzed with respect to key tunneling parameters, such as tunnel geometry, support condition and displacement observed during construction. Prediction of tunnel displacement at final stage was made at different timings of prediction. The results obtained suggest that the artificial neural network approach proposed here can predict tunnel deformations at the final stage with fairly high level of accuracy even for less information before construction.
Supplementary Video 3 from Unexpected Dissemination Patterns in Lymphoma Progression Revealed by Serial Imaging within a Murine Lymph Node (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MOV file - 661K, Observation of circulating EL-Arf-/- lymphoma cell in the vasculature feeding the ILN: The movie was obtained on day 10 after injection of EL-Arf-/- lymphoma cells (1X106) via tail-vein injection. Red; blood vessels (via dye) in the ILN. Green: Mainly autofluorescence. Yellow/Green: a circulating single EL-Arf-/- lymphoma cell in the vasculature feeding the ILN. Magnification, �40&lt;/p&gt;
Single versus multiple rounds for distributed function computation (2007)

Communication complexity of computing functions using unrestricted communication and one-round communication are compared. In the standard unrestricted communication each party could potentially communicate several times while in one-round communication each party is restricted to communicate at most once. Results on the ratio of these two complexities are provided for symmetric and asymmetric functions under different scenarios. These results are suitably illustrated with examples.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Vitamin E Analogue α-TEA Stimulates Tumor Autophagy and Enhances Antigen Cross-Presentation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 158K, Structure of vitamin E (RRR-a-tocopherol, a-TOH, A) and the vitamin E derivative RRR-a-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (a-TEA, B)&lt;/p&gt;
Structural and Data Science-Driven Analysis to Assess Substrate Specificity of Diketopiperazine Reverse Prenyltransferase NotF: Cascade Biocatalytic Synthesis of (–)-Eurotiumin A (2021)

Prenyltransfer is an early-stage carbon–hydrogen bond (C–H) functionalization prevalent in the biosynthesis of a diverse array of biologically active bacterial, fungal, plant, and metazoan diketopiperazine (DKP) alkaloids. Towards the development of a unified strategy for biocatalytic construction of prenylated DKP indole alkaloids, we sought to identify and characterize a substrate-permissive C2 reverse prenyltransferase (PT). In the biosynthesis of cytotoxic notoamide metabolites, PT NotF is responsible for catalyzing the first tailoring event of C2 reverse prenyltransfer of brevianamide F (cyclo(L-Trp-L-Pro)). Obtaining a high-resolution crystal structure of NotF (in complex with native substrate and prenyl donor mimic dimethylallyl S-thiolodiphosphate (DMSPP)) revealed a large, solvent exposed substrate binding site, intimating NotF may possess significant substrate promiscuity. To assess the full potential of NotF’s broad substrate selectivity, we synthesized a panel of 30 tryptophanyl DKPs with a suite of sterically and electronically differentiated amino acids, which were selectively prenylated by NotF in often synthetically useful conversions (2 to &gt;99%). Quantitative representation of this substrate library enabled the development of a descriptive statistical model that provided insight into the origins of NotF’s substrate promiscuity. Through this unique approach for understanding enzyme scope, we identified key substrate descriptors such as electrophilicity, size, and flexibility, that govern enzymatic turnover by NotF. Additionally, we demonstrated the ability to couple NotF-catalyzed prenyltransfer with oxidative cyclization using recently characterized flavin monooxygenase, BvnB, from the brevianamide biosynthetic pathway. This one-pot, in vitro biocatalytic cascade proceeds with exceptional substrate recognition, and enabled the first chemoenzymatic synthesis of the marine fungal natural product, (–)-eurotiumin A, in three steps and 60% overall yield.
Induction and regulation of CD2 mRNA in human lymphocytes. (1988)

Herein we studied the accumulation and decay of CD2 mRNA in human PBMC stimulated with PHA. The data show that CD2-specific messages are present in low quantities in resting PBMC and are rapidly increased by five- to sevenfold within 24 h of addition of optimal amounts of PHA. Similar induction of CD2 mRNA was seen after stimulation of PBMC with anti-CD3 mAb and PMA. Peak levels of CD2 message were maintained until 72 h post-stimulation and declined gradually thereafter. Despite stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus and PMA, purified B cells failed to demonstrate any CD2 mRNA. Unlike transferrin or IL-2R mRNA, Il-2 had no effect on the accumulation of CD2 messages in resting or PHA-stimulated PBMC. The time course of CD2 mRNA accumulation preceded lymphocyte proliferation and the appearance of additional cell surface CD2 Ag. The decay of CD2 mRNA was very rapid, with a t 1/2 of approximately 45 min. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, increased its half-time by fourfold to 3.5 h. The data imply the existence of a labile factor, dependent on protein synthesis that is important in the regulation of CD2 mRNA. Compared to other PHA-inducible lymphocyte genes, the kinetics of CD2 transcript accumulation are most reminiscent of the oncogenes N-ras and c-abl.
Preface (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceR. A. WEISSR. A. WEISSPolymer Science Program and Department of Chemical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3136More by R. A. WEISS and C. K. OBERC. K. OBERDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853-1501More by C. K. OBERDOI: 10.1021/bk-1990-0435.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):August 24, 1990Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 24 August 1990Request reuse permissions Copyright © 1990 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Liquid-Crystalline Polymerspp ix-xACS Symposium SeriesVol. 435ISBN13: 9780841218499eISBN: 9780841212916Chapter Views136Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (192 KB) Get e-Alerts
Monitoring lithographic focus and tilting performance by off-line overlay measurement tools (2001)

In this work we present a novel bar-in-bar (BIB) pattern to monitor the focus and tilting of exposure tools and production wafers. The inner and outer bars contain various hole sizes. When defocused, the shrinkage of the smaller patterns is more significant than that of the larger ones, thus causing the center of gravity to shift. Through the organization of the bar patterns, the centers of inner and outer bars shift in opposite directions when defocused. An overlay measurement tool can be used to easily measure the shift between the centers of inner and outer bars. Therefore, a second-order polynomial equation can precisely fit the measured BIB shift. In addition, an accurate and reliable focus value can be obtained with a maximum error of less than 0.05 μm by simply differentiating the fitting equation. The novel BIB has many applications, such as measuring field curvatures for exposure tools and determining best focus related information for production wafers.
The composition of oxides grown on PbInAu films by rf oxidation (1982)

Oxides grown on PbInAu alloys using a combined thermal and rf oxidation process have been examined with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) and ellipsometry. The oxides were prepared on alloy films deposited at 300 K containing 13 and 26 at. % In in the PbIn phase and on fine-grain alloy films deposited at 95 K containing 13 at. % In. Following an in situ thermal oxidation at 75 °C, the films were rf-plasma oxidized while mounted on an electrode coated with either In or photoresist. The XPS spectra showed that both lead oxide and indium oxide were present, in agreement with previous findings that the bulk of such oxides consists of a layer of In2O3 overlying a layer of PbO. The binding energy of the Pb 4f peak from the oxide was shifted by 0.9–1 eV from the metal peak, a shift characteristic of PbO. Analysis of the XPS intensities based on a layered structure indicated that oxides on the films deposited at 300 K consisted of about 2.7 nm of In2O3 on top of 1.6 nm of PbO. Oxides on the fine-grained alloy were composed of about 4.3 nm of In2O3 and only about 0.4 nm of PbO. The ellipsometric determination of the total thickness agreed with the XPS thickness. The increased amount of In2O3 on the fine-grained film is attributed to the increased availability of In during oxidation as a result of enhanced diffusion through the grain boundaries of the metal film.
Methylation of sulfhydryl groups: a new function for a family of small molecule plant O‐methyltransferases (2006)

In plants, type I and II S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferases (OMTs) catalyze most hydroxyl group methylations of small molecules. A homology-based RT-PCR strategy using Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) RNA previously identified six new type I plant OMT family members. We now describe the molecular and biochemical characterization of a seventh protein. It shares 56-58% identity with caffeic acid OMTs (COMTs), but it failed to methylate COMT substrates, and had no activity with flavonoids. However, the in vitro incubations revealed unusually high background levels without added substrates. A search for the responsible component revealed that the enzyme methylated dithiothreitol (DTT), the reducing agent added for enzyme stabilization. Unexpectedly, product analysis revealed that the methylation occurred on a sulfhydryl moiety, not on a hydroxyl group. Analysis of 34 compounds indicated a broad substrate range, with a preference for small hydrophobic molecules. Benzene thiol (Km 220 microm) and furfuryl thiol (Km 60 microm) were the best substrates (6-7-fold better than DTT). Small isosteric hydrophobic substrates with hydroxyl groups, like phenol and guaiacol, were also methylated, but the activities were at least 5-fold lower than with thiols. The enzyme was named C. roseus S-methyltransferase 1 (CrSMT1). Models based on the COMT crystal structure suggest that S-methylation is mechanistically identical to O-methylation. CrSMT1 so far is the only recognized example of an S-methyltransferase in this protein family. Its properties indicate that a few changes in key residues are sufficient to convert an OMT into a S-methyltransferase (SMT). Future functional investigations of plant methyltransferases should consider the possibility that the enzymes may direct methylation at sulfhydryl groups.
Projet Gamma : variabilité, diversité et écotoxicologie chez les gammaridés (2014)

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]BELCA
Specific alteration of rhythm in temperature-stressed rats possess features of abdominal pain in IBS patients (2015)

It is known that specific alteration of rhythm in temperature (SART) stress produces somatic pain. However, it remains to be investigated whether SART stress induces visceral pain. In this study, we investigated the visceral hypersensitivity in the SART stress model by pharmacological tools and heterotopical nociception. Four-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to repeated cold stress. Visceral pain was measured by visceromotor response to colorectal distension, and the effects of alosetron and duloxetine on visceral pain were investigated in SART rats. Heterotopical nociception was given by capsaicin injection into the left forepaw to induce diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). SART stress induced visceral hypersensitivity that was sustained at minimum for one week. In pharmacological analysis, alosetron and duloxetine improved SART stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Heterotopical nociception induced DNIC in normal conditions, but was disrupted in SART rats. On the other hand, RMCP-II mRNA in distal colon was not affected by SART stress. In conclusion, SART rats exhibit several features of visceral pain in IBS, and may be a useful model for investigating the central modification of pain control in IBS.
Kinetic Resolution of Vinyl Sulfoxides by Rhodium Catalysis (2015)

Correction to: Kinetic Resolution of Vinyl Sulfoxides by Rhodium CatalysisSynfacts 2015; 11(11): 1184-1184DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1560693
Does increasing PLA scaffold porosity using supercritical CO2 strategies enhance the characteristics for use as an alternative to allograft in impaction bone grafting (2012)

Aims Disease transmission, availability and economic costs of allograft have resulted in significant efforts into finding an allograft alternative for use in impaction bone grafting (IBG). Biotechnology offers the combination of skeletal stem cells (SSC) with biodegradable polymers as a potential solution. Recently polymers have been identified with both structural strength and SSC compatibility that offer the potential for clinical translation. The aim of this study was to assess whether increasing the porosity of one such polymer via super critical CO 2 fluid foaming (SCF) enhanced the mechanical and cellular compatibility characteristics for use as an osteogenic alternative to allograft in IBG. Methods High molecular weight PLA scaffolds were produced via traditional (solid block) and SCF (porous) techniques, and the differences characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The polymers were milled, impacted, and mechanical comparison between traditional vs SCD created scaffolds and allograft controls was made using a custom shear testing rig, as well as a novel agitation test to assess cohesion. Cellular compatibility tests for cell number, viability and osteogenic differentiation using WST-1 assays, fluorostaining and ALP assays were determined following 14 day culture with SSC9s. Results SEM showed increased porosity of the SCF produced PLA scaffolds, with pores between 50–100µm. Shear testing showed the SCF polymer exceeded the shear strength of allograft controls (P Conclusions The use of supercritical C0 2 to generate PLA scaffolds significantly improves the cellular compatibility and cohesion compared to traditional non-porous PLA, without substantial loss of mechanical shear strength. The improved characteristics are critical for clinical translation as a potential osteogenic composite for use in IBG.
Discovery of (S)-1-((2′,6-Bis(difluoromethyl)-[2,4′-bipyridin]-5-yl)oxy)-2,4-dimethylpentan-2-amine (BMS-986176/LX-9211): A Highly Selective, CNS Penetrable, and Orally Active Adaptor Protein-2 Associated Kinase 1 Inhibitor in Clinical Trials for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2022)

Recent mouse knockout studies identified adapter protein-2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1) as a viable target for treating neuropathic pain. Potent small-molecule inhibitors of AAK1 have been identified and show efficacy in various rodent pain models. (<i>S</i>)-1-((2',6-Bis(difluoromethyl)-[2,4'-bipyridin]-5-yl)oxy)-2,4-dimethylpentan-2-amine (BMS-986176/LX-9211) (<b>34</b>) was identified as a highly selective, CNS penetrant, potent AAK1 inhibitor from a novel class of bi(hetero)aryl ethers. BMS-986176/LX9211 (<b>34</b>) showed excellent efficacy in two rodent neuropathic pain models and excellent central nervous system (CNS) penetration and target engagement at the spinal cord with an average brain to plasma ratio of 20 in rat. The compound exhibited favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, had an acceptable preclinical toxicity profile, and was chosen for clinical trials. BMS-986176/LX9211 (<b>34</b>) completed phase I trials with good human pharmacokinetics and minimum adverse events and is currently in phase II clinical trials for diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04455633) and postherpetic neuralgia (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04662281).
Brain endoscopy under local anesthesia and sedation: a single-center experience of 510 patients (2013)

Objective: To report the results of endoscopic transcranial intervention with local anesthesia and sedation in a busy neurosurgical centre of India.
Nanocellulose in polymer composites and biomedical applications (2014)

Nanocellulose materials are nano-sized cellulose fibrils or crystals produced by bacteria or derived from plants. These materials exhibit exceptional strength characteristics, light weight, transparency, and excellent biocompatibility. Compared with some other nanomaterials, nanocellulose is renewable and less expensive to produce, and a wide range of applications for nanocellulose has been envisioned. The areas most extensively studied include polymer composites and biomedical applications. Cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals have been used to reinforce both thermoplastic and thermoset polymers. Given the hydrophilic nature of these materials, the interfacial properties with most polymers are often poor; thus, various surface modification procedures have been adopted to improve the interaction between polymer matrix and cellulose nanofibrils or nanocrystals. The applications of nanocellulose as a biomaterial also have been explored, including wound dressing, tissue repair, and medical implants. Nanocellulose materials for wound healing and periodontal tissue recovery have become commercially available, demonstrating the great potential of nanocellulose as a new generation of biomaterials.
Highly sensitive genotyping using artificial riboregulator system (2005)

A molecular-beacon-type riboregulator (mRNA) was applied to multiply catalytic gene sensing. It consists of a reporter gene for firefly protein luciferase and, upstream thereof, a regulator hairpin domain composed of an RBS/anti-RBS stem (RBS = ribosome binding site) and a loop which is complementary to the target. The sensing of target gene, using an unmodified RNA or even dsDNA as a probe with a chemiluminescence output, was demonstrated with a sensitivity at < or = 50 fmol of the target and a single nucleotide resolution.
Relativistic backward wave oscillator using a selective mode converter (1999)

A new version of the relativistic backward wave oscillator (BWO) is proposed and investigated experimentally, where the cutoff (for the working mode mode) taper at the cathode end is replaced by a selective Bragg-type mode converter. In the experimental BWO model, which operates in the three-centimeter range and is equipped with a mode converter based on a slightly corrugated waveguide, a radiated power of 700 MW in pulses of duration up to 100 ns with an output spatial structure similar to a Gaussian wave beam is obtained at an accelerating potential of 0.8 MV and a focusing magnetic field of 7 kOe.
Supplementary Figure 15 from Aging of Preleukemic Thymocytes Drives CpG Island Hypermethylation in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 15&lt;/p&gt;
Visualization of 3D structure of semiconductor devices by "Dig and See" using GFIS-SIM (2019)

In recent years, miniaturization and multilayering have been key technologies in order to improve performance and integration of semiconductor devices. For a fine dimension control of semiconductor devices, the critical-dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) has been widely used. In addition to this technique, the recent advent of 3D semiconductor devices has created a strong demand for new dimension control method. We have developed a scanning ion microscope with a gas field ion source (GFIS-SIM) to meet this demand. The GFIS has almost the same brightness as a field emission type electron source, and it is possible to switch from a light-element ion used for observation to a heavy-element ion used for processing. In this way, we can achieve a high degree of freedom in the sample chamber (regarding sample size and inclination), an observation resolution of better than 1 nm, and the sample processing function with one identical ion source and beam column. We succeeded in observing the internal structure of several samples using this technique. We dug each sample with 2 kV neon ions to expose the internal structure, switched the ion beam, and successfully observed its internal structure with a hydrogen ion beam of 30 kV.
Field trial demonstrating improvement of backbone fiber infrastructure PMD using a random-scrambling POTDR (2009)

The accumulated PMD along several fibers in an optical network were measured in order to identify those short fiber portions exhibiting high PMD. By replacing high-PMD-portion(s) in each fiber, the overall-PMD could be reduced significantly.