gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reaction Mechanism of Chromanol‐Ring Formation Catalyzed by tocopherol cyclase from Anabaena variabilis KÜTZING (Cyanobacteria) (1994)

Abstract Incubation of the synthetic 18 O‐labelled phytyl‐hydroquinone ( O 4 ‐ 18 O)‐ 2 with the tocopherol cyclase from Anabaena variabilis K ÜTZING ( Cyanobacteria ) in D 2 O furnished the doubly labelled γ‐tocopherol, (2 R ,3 S ,4′ R ,8′ R )‐(1‐ 18 O,3‐ 2 H)‐ 1 . The chirality at C(3) was determined by two independent routes providing interlocking evidence that the enzyme‐catalyzed ring closure proceeds by si ‐protonation of the double bond of 2 and concomitant re ‐attack of the phenolic O‐atom.
Inexpensive monocular pico-projector-based augmented reality display for surgical microscope (2012)

This paper describes an inexpensive pico-projector-based augmented reality (AR) display for a surgical microscope. The system is designed for use with Micron, an active handheld surgical tool that cancels hand tremor of surgeons to improve microsurgical accuracy. Using the AR display, virtual cues can be injected into the microscope view to track the movement of the tip of Micron, show the desired position, and indicate the position error. Cues can be used to maintain high performance by helping the surgeon to avoid drifting out of the workspace of the instrument. Also, boundary information such as the view range of the cameras that record surgical procedures can be displayed to tell surgeons the operation area. Furthermore, numerical, textual, or graphical information can be displayed, showing such things as tool tip depth in the work space and on/off status of the canceling function of Micron.
Correction: Characterization of Cytokine-Induced Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells from Normal Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2010)

the myeloid-derived suppressor cell-inducing cell lines and was mistakenly grouped with the noninducing cell lines. The findings and conclusion of the paper are unchanged.
The mortality and pathology of HIV infection in a West African city (1993)

In this population, HIV-positive adults present to hospital with advanced disease associated with high mortality. The three major underlying pathologies (TB, toxoplasmosis and bacteraemia) are either preventable or treatable. TB is an underestimated cause of the 'slim' syndrome in Africa. The patterns of pathology in HIV-2-positive patients suggest a more prolonged terminal course compared with HIV-1. There is an urgent need for attention towards the issues of therapy and care for HIV disease in developing countries.
On-line monitoring of methane in sewer air (2014)

Methane is a highly potent greenhouse gas and contributes significantly to climate change. Recent studies have shown significant methane production in sewers. The studies conducted so far have relied on manual sampling followed by off-line laboratory-based chromatography analysis. These methods are labor-intensive when measuring methane emissions from a large number of sewers, and do not capture the dynamic variations in methane production. In this study, we investigated the suitability of infrared spectroscopy-based on-line methane sensors for measuring methane in humid and condensing sewer air. Two such sensors were comprehensively tested in the laboratory. Both sensors displayed high linearity (R(2) > 0.999), with a detection limit of 0.023% and 0.110% by volume, respectively. Both sensors were robust against ambient temperature variations in the range of 5 to 35°C. While one sensor was robust against humidity variations, the other was found to be significantly affected by humidity. However, the problem was solved by equipping the sensor with a heating unit to increase the sensor surface temperature to 35°C. Field studies at three sites confirmed the performance and accuracy of the sensors when applied to actual sewer conditions, and revealed substantial and highly dynamic methane concentrations in sewer air.
Hemadsorption by Coronavirus Strain OC43 (1972)

SummaryOC43 virus-infected BS-C-1, rhesus MK, HEK, and HDCS WI38 cell cultures were found to hemadsorb rat and mouse erythrocytes. The hemadsorption technique provided a simple method for performing OC43 virus neutralization tests with both human and animal sera.
Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 with Exquisite Kinome-Wide Selectivity and Their Functional Effects (2016)

The mood stabilizer lithium, the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, is hypothesized to exert its effects through direct inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and indirectly by increasing GSK3's inhibitory serine phosphorylation. GSK3 comprises two highly similar paralogs, GSK3α and GSK3β, which are key regulatory kinases in the canonical Wnt pathway. GSK3 stands as a nodal target within this pathway and is an attractive therapeutic target for multiple indications. Despite being an active field of research for the past 20 years, many GSK3 inhibitors demonstrate either poor to moderate selectivity versus the broader human kinome or physicochemical properties unsuitable for use in in vitro systems or in vivo models. A nonconventional analysis of data from a GSK3β inhibitor high-throughput screening campaign, which excluded known GSK3 inhibitor chemotypes, led to the discovery of a novel pyrazolo-tetrahydroquinolinone scaffold with unparalleled kinome-wide selectivity for the GSK3 kinases. Taking advantage of an uncommon tridentate interaction with the hinge region of GSK3, we developed highly selective and potent GSK3 inhibitors, BRD1652 and BRD0209, which demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a dopaminergic signaling paradigm modeling mood-related disorders. These new chemical probes open the way for exclusive analyses of the function of GSK3 kinases in multiple signaling pathways involved in many prevalent disorders.
Temperature-dependent Biosynthesis of 2-Thioribothymidine of Thermus thermophilus tRNA (2005)

2-Thioribothymidine (s(2)T) is a modified nucleoside of U, specifically found at position 54 of tRNAs from extreme thermophilic microorganisms. The function of the 2-thiocarbonyl group of s(2)T54 is thermostabilization of the three-dimensional structure of tRNA; however, its biosynthesis has not been clarified until now. Using an in vivo tRNA labeling experiment, we demonstrate that the sulfur atom of s(2)T in tRNA is derived from cysteine or sulfate. We attempted to reconstitute 2-thiolation of s(2)T in vitro, using a cell extract of Thermus thermophilus. Specific 2-thiolation of ribothymidine, at position 54, was observed in vitro, in the presence of ATP. Using this assay, we found a strong temperature dependence of the 2-thiolation reaction in vitro as well as expression of 2-thiolation enzymes in vivo. These results suggest that the variable content of s(2)T in vivo at different temperatures may be explained by the above characteristics of the enzymes responsible for the 2-thiolation reaction. Furthermore, we found that another posttranscriptionally modified nucleoside, 1-methyladenosine at position 58, is required for the efficient 2-thiolation of ribothymidine 54 both in vivo and in vitro.
Selective surface functionalization of Si and poly-SiGe resonators for a monolithic integration of bio- and gas sensors with CMOS (2012)

Because across-the-board data indicate that renin and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the kidney cortex are regulated in parallel and because ANG II can inhibit COX-2 expression, the purpose of our study was to characterize a potential general inhibitory feedback of the renin-angiotensin system on renocortical COX-2 expression in vivo. Rats were fed a high-, normal-, or low-salt diet or were chronically infused with furosemide (60 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) or the left renal artery was clipped, and the animals were treated in addition to or without the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril (10 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)). A high-salt diet reduced expression of COX-2, whereas a low-salt diet, furosemide infusion, and renal artery stenosis stimulated COX-2 expression. Additional angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition led to further increases in renocortical COX-2 expression by 62, 136, 300, 50, and 70% for a high-, normal-, and low-salt diet, furosemide infusion, and renal artery stenosis, respectively. Thus our data suggest a general inhibitory effect of the renin-angiotensin system on renocortical COX-2 expression.
Data from MFF Regulation of Mitochondrial Cell Death Is a Therapeutic Target in Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The regulators of mitochondrial cell death in cancer have remained elusive, hampering the development of new therapies. Here, we showed that protein isoforms of mitochondrial fission factor (MFF1 and MFF2), a molecule that controls mitochondrial size and shape, that is, mitochondrial dynamics, were overexpressed in patients with non–small cell lung cancer and formed homo- and heterodimeric complexes with the voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1), a key regulator of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. MFF inserted into the interior hole of the VDAC1 ring using Arg225, Arg236, and Gln241 as key contact sites. A cell-permeable MFF Ser223-Leu243 d-enantiomeric peptidomimetic disrupted the MFF–VDAC1 complex, acutely depolarized mitochondria, and triggered cell death in heterogeneous tumor types, including drug-resistant melanoma, but had no effect on normal cells. In preclinical models, treatment with the MFF peptidomimetic was well-tolerated and demonstrated anticancer activity in patient-derived xenografts, primary breast and lung adenocarcinoma 3D organoids, and glioblastoma neurospheres. These data identify the MFF–VDAC1 complex as a novel regulator of mitochondrial cell death and an actionable therapeutic target in cancer.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings describe mitochondrial fission regulation using a peptidomimetic agent that disturbs the MFF–VDAC complex and displays anticancer activity in multiple tumor models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Rao, p. 6074&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of oral administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine: a multi-biomarker study in smokers. (2002)

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) has been shown to exert cancer-protective mechanisms and effects in experimental models. We report here the results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase II chemoprevention trial with NAC in healthy smoking volunteers. The subjects were supplemented daily with 2 x 600 mg of oral tablets of NAC (n = 20) or placebo (n = 21) for a period of 6 months, and internal dose markers [plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cotinine, urine mutagenicity], biologically effective dose markers [smoking-related DNA adducts and hemoglobin (Hb) adducts], and biological response markers (micronuclei frequency and antioxidants scavenging capacity) were assessed at both pre- and postsupplementation times (T(0) and T(1), respectively). Overall, the internal dose markers remained unchanged at T(1) as compared with T(0) in both NAC and placebo groups. When quantifying the biologically effective dose markers, we observed an inhibitory effect of NAC toward the formation of lipophilic-DNA adducts (5.18 +/- 0.73 versus 4.08 +/- 1.03/10(8) nucleotides; mean +/- SE; P = 0.05) as well as of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts in BAL cells (3.9 +/- 0.6 versus 2.3 +/- 0.2/10(5) nucleotides; P = 0.003). There was no effect of NAC on the formation of lipophilic-DNA adducts in peripheral blood lymphocytes or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts in mouth floor/buccal mucosa cells or 4-aminobiphenyl-Hb adducts. Likewise, quantification of the biological response markers showed an inhibitory effect of NAC on the frequency of micronuclei in mouth floor and in soft palate cells (1.3 +/- 0.2 versus 0.9 +/- 0.2; P = 0.001) and a stimulating effect of NAC on plasma antioxidant scavenging capacity (393 +/- 14 versus 473 +/- 19 microM Trolox; P = 0.1) but not on BAL fluid antioxidant scavenging capacity. We conclude that NAC has the potential to impact upon tobacco smoke carcinogenicity in humans because it can modulate certain cancer-associated biomarkers in specific organs.
3D conformal MRI-guided transurethral ultrasound therapy: results of gel phantom experiments (2011)

MRI‐guided transurethral ultrasound therapy shows promise for minimally invasive treatment of localized prostate cancer. Previous in‐vivo studies demonstrated the feasibility of performing conservative treatments using real‐time temperature feedback to control accurately the establishment of coagulative lesions within circumscribed prostate regions. This in‐vitro study tested device configuration and control options for achieving full prostate treatments. A multi‐channel MRI compatible ultrasound therapy system was evaluated in gel phantoms using 3 canine prostate models. Prostate profiles were 5 mm‐step‐segmented from T2‐weighted MR images performed during previous in‐vivo experiments. During ultrasound exposures, each ultrasound element was controlled independently by the 3D controller. Decisions on acoustic power, frequency, and device rotation rate were made in real time based on MR thermometry feedback and prostate radii. Low and high power treatment approaches using maximum acoustic powers of 10 or 20 W.cm−2 were tested as well as single and dual‐frequency strategies (4.05/13.10 MHz). The dual‐frequency strategy used either the fundamental frequency or the 3rd harmonic component, depending on the prostate radius. The 20 W.cm−2 dual frequency approach was the most efficient configuration in achieving full prostate treatments. Treatment times were about half the duration of those performed with 10 W.cm−2 configurations. Full prostate coagulations were performed in 16.3±6.1 min at a rate of 1.8±0.2 cm3.min−1, and resulted in very little undertreated tissue (<3%). Surrounding organs positioned beyond a safety distance of 1.4±1.0 mm from prostate boundaries were not damaged, particularly rectal wall tissues. In this study, a 3D, MR‐thermometry‐guided transurethral ultrasound therapy was validated in vitro in a tissue‐mimicking phantom for performing full prostate treatment. A dual‐frequency configuration with 20 W.cm−2 ultrasound intensity exposure showed good results with direct application to full human prostate treatments.
Design of efficient massive MIMO for 5G systems — Present and past: A review (2017)

In this survey paper, the ground work on Massive Multiple Input - Multiple Output (mMIMO) is concentrated by studying the various existing techniques in the system design for fifth generation wireless communications. The service quality of 5G systems can be enhanced in terms of throughput, latency, peak data rate along with spectral and energy efficiency. Though there exist, new methodologies, techniques and architectures including Cognitive Radio Networks, D2D communications for designing and implementing 5G networks, the mMIMO utilizes spatial multiplexing for capacity improvement and remains robust across intentional jamming thereby playing a key aspect in the 5G system development. The efficient design of mMIMO still remains an open problem in the present research. This paper analyses the existing techniques in the development of mMIMO specifically concentrating on energy & spectral efficiency and discusses the challenges in the system design.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Structural Determination of Botcinolides, Botcinins, and Botcinic Acids (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Maximally Recoverable Codes for Grid-like Topologies (2017)

The explosion in the volumes of data being stored online has resulted in distributed storage systems transitioning to erasure coding based schemes. Yet, the codes being deployed in practice are fairly short. In this work, we address what we view as the main coding theoretic barrier to deploying longer codes in storage: at large lengths, failures are not independent and correlated failures are inevitable. This motivates designing codes that allow quick data recovery even after large correlated failures, and which have efficient encoding and decoding. We propose that code design for distributed storage be viewed as a two step process. The first step is choose a topology of the code, which incorporates knowledge about the correlate d failures that need to be handled, and ensures local recovery from such failures. In the second step one specifies a code with the chosen topology by choosing coefficients from a finite field Fq. In this step, one tries to balance reliability (which is better over larger fields) with encoding and decoding efficiency (which is better over smaller fields). This work initiates an in-depth study of this reliability/efficiency tradeoff. We consider the field-size needed for achieving maximal recover ability: the strongest reliability possible with a given topology. We propose a family of topologies called grid-like topologies which unify a number of topologies considered both in theory and practice, and prove the following results about codes for such topologies: The first super-polynomial lower bound on the field size needed for achieving maximal recoverability in a simple grid-like topology. To our knowledge, there was no super-linear lower bound known before, for any topology. A combinatorial characterization of erasure patterns correctable by Maximally Recoverable codes for a topology which corresponds to tensoring MDS codes with a parity check code. This topology is used in practice (for instance see [MLR+14]). We conjecture a similar characterization for Maximally Recoverable codes instantiating arbitrary tensor product topologies.
Invariant features for 3-D gesture recognition (2002)

Ten different feature vectors are tested in a gesture recognition task which utilizes 3D data gathered in real-time from stereo video cameras, and HMMs for learning and recognition of gestures. Results indicate velocity features are superior to positional features, and partial rotational invariance is sufficient for good performance.
Why reflectance is an imperfect basis for correction of fluorescence distortion due to optical properties (2014)

This study uses simulations to characterize the light path travelled by reflectance and fluorescence photons for multiple sampling geometries and describes the unique sensitivities of each to background optical properties.
Generation of intense 8-fs pulses at 400??nm (1999)

Frequency-doubled pulses from a sub-40-fs, 1-kHz Ti:sapphire amplifier system are spectrally broadened in an argon-filled hollow waveguide. Compression of the self-phase-modulated pulses is implemented with chirped mirrors and a prism pair, yielding 8-fs, 15-muJ pulses in the violet spectral range.
Interlaboratory Comparison ofHER-2Oncogene Amplification as Detected by Chromogenic and Fluorescencein situHybridization (2004)

These results indicate that CISH could provide an accurate and practical alternative to FISH for clinical diagnosis of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification in archival formalin-fixed breast cancer samples.
Endocytosis of fibrinogen into megakaryocyte and platelet alpha- granules is mediated by alpha IIb beta 3 (glycoprotein IIb-IIIa) [published erratum appears in Blood 1993 Nov 1;82(9):2936] (1993)

Recently, we showed that platelet alpha-granule fibrinogen is derived entirely from endocytic uptake and not from megakaryocyte synthesis, as previously thought. In this present report, we identify the receptor that mediates endocytosis. We have found that barbourin, a unique disintegrin that is a specific antagonist of alpha IIb beta 3, inhibits the endocytic uptake of fibrinogen into alpha-granules. Continuous intravenous infusion of barbourin (200 micrograms/h) into guinea pigs blocked collagen-induced platelet aggregation as well as endocytosis of biotinylated fibrinogen into megakaryocytes; however, endocytosis of biotinylated albumin by megakaryocytes was not affected. Thus, we have shown that endocytosis of fibrinogen into megakaryocyte and platelet alpha-granules is receptor-mediated, and that alpha IIb beta 3 is the primary receptor.
Technical and economical considerations of new DRI melting process (1997)

The new DRI melting process can effectively and economically produce high quality molten iron. This process utilizes hot charging of DRI directly from a reduction furnace into a dedicated new melting furnace. The molten iron from this DRI premelter can be charged into a steelmaking furnace, such as an electric arc furnace (EAF), where the molten iron, together with other iron sources, can be processed to produce steel. Alternatively the molten iron can be pigged or granulated for off-site merchant sales. Comprehensive research and development of the new process has been conducted including operational process simulation, melting tests using FASTMET DRI, slag technology development, and refractory corrosion testing. This paper describes the process concept, its operational characteristics and further applications of the process.
Anomalous, anomalous Hall effect in the layered, Kagome, Dirac semimetal KV$_3$Sb$_5$ (2019)

The electronic anomalous Hall effect (AHE), where charge carriers acquire a velocity component orthogonal to an applied electric field, is one of the most fundamental and widely studied phenomena in physics. There are several different AHE mechanisms known, and material examples are highly sought after, however in the highly conductive (skew scattering) regime the focus has centered around ferromagnetic metals. Here we report the observation of a giant extrinsic AHE in KV$_3$Sb$_5$, an exfoliable, Dirac semimetal with a Kagome layer of Vanadium atoms. Although there has been no reports of magnetic ordering down to 0.25 K, the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) reaches $\approx$ 15,507 $Ω^{-1}$cm$^{-1}$ with an anomalous Hall ratio (AHR) of $\approx$ 1.8$ \%$; an order of magnitude larger than Fe. Defying expectations from skew scattering theory, KV$_3$Sb$_5$ shows an enhanced skew scattering effect that scales quadratically, not linearly, with the longitudinal conductivity ($σ_{xx}$), opening the possibility of reaching an anomalous Hall angle (AHA) of 90$^{\circ}$ in metals; an effect thought reserved for quantum anomalous Hall insulators. This observation raises fundamental questions about the AHE and opens a new frontier for AHE (and correspondingly SHE) exploration, stimulating investigation in a new direction of materials, including metallic geometrically frustrated magnets, spin-liquid candidates, and cluster magnets.
Continuous improvement: a case study in student relations (1996)

Examines how an iterative continuous improvement process was successfully implemented to change admissions, retention, and career guidance processes in an AACSB-accredited school of business housed in a medium-sized (8,500 students) state university in the south-eastern USA. The continuous improvement process consistently produced regularly revised and prioritized student relations improvement goals, initiated programmes to satisfy their concerns, became a model for improving other processes concerning curriculum, instruction, and strategic planning, facilitated and expedited faculty participation and provided documentation necessary for AACSB reviews.