gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fully distributed approach for plug-in electric vehicle charging (2016)

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are considered as flexible loads since their charging schedules can be shifted over the course of a day without impacting drivers' mobility. This property can be exploited to reduce charging costs and adverse network impacts. The increasing number of PEVs makes the use of distributed charging coordinating strategies preferable to centralized ones. In this paper, we propose an agent-based method which enables a fully distributed solution of the PEVs' Coordinated Charging (PEV-CC) problem. This problem aims at coordinating the charging schedules of a fleet of PEVs to minimize costs of serving demand subject to individual PEV constraints originating from battery limitations and charging infrastructure characteristics. In our proposed approach, each PEV's charging station is considered as an agent that is equipped with communication and computation capabilities. Our multi-agent approach is an iterative procedure which finds a distributed solution for the first order optimality conditions of the underlying optimization problem through local computations and limited information exchange with neighboring agents. In particular, the updates for each agent incorporate local information such as the Lagrange multipliers, as well as enforcing the local PEV's constraints as local innovation terms. Finally, the performance of our proposed algorithm is evaluated on a fleet of 100 PEVs as a test case, and the results are compared with the centralized solution of the PEV-CC problem.
Deictic gestures impairment in individuals with at risk mental states for psychosis. (2023)

Abstract Background: Nonverbal communication (NVC) is a complex behavior that involves different modalities that are impaired in schizophrenia spectrum, including gesticulation. However, there are few studies that evaluate it in individuals with at-risk mental states (ARMS) for psychosis, mostly in developed countries. Given our prior findings of reduced movement during speech seen in Brazilian individuals with ARMS, we now aim to determine if this can be accounted for by reduced gesticulation behavior. Methods: 56 medication-naïve ARMS and 64 healthy controls were filmed during speech tasks. The frequency of specific coded gestures across four categories (and self-stimulatory behaviors) were compared between groups and tested for correlations with prodromal symptoms of the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) and with the variables previously published. Results: ARMS individuals showed a reduction in one gesture category.Gesture frequency was negatively correlated with prodromal symptoms and positively correlated with the variables of amount of movement previously analyzed. Conclusion: The reduction in gesture performance observed agrees with literature findings in other cultural contexts in ARMS and schizophrenia subjects. The lack of differences for other categories might be related to differences within the ARMS group itself and the course of the disorder. These findings show the importance of analyzing NVC in ARMS and of considering different cultural and sociodemographic contexts in the search for markers of these states.
Genetically encoded dual fluorophore reporters for graded oxygen-sensing in light microscopy (2022)

Hypoxia is an essential regulator of cell metabolism, affects cell migration and angiogenesis during development and contributes to a wide range of pathological conditions. Multiple techniques to assess hypoxia through oxygen-imaging have been developed. However, significant limitations include low spatiotemporal resolution, limited tissue penetration of exogenous probes and non-dynamic signals due to irreversible probe-chemistry. First genetically-encoded reporters only partly overcame these limitations as the green and red fluorescent proteins (GFP/RFP) families require molecular oxygen for fluorescence. For the herein presented ratiometric and FRET-FLIM reporters dUnORS and dUnOFLS, we exploited oxygen-dependent maturation in combination with the hypoxia-tolerant fluorescent-protein UnaG. For ratiometric measurements, UnaG was fused to the orange large Stokes Shift protein CyOFP1, allowing excitation with a single light-source, while fusion of UnaG with mOrange2 allowed FRET-FLIM analysis. Imaging live or fixed cultured cells for calibration, we applied both reporters in spheroid and tumor transplantation-models and obtained graded information on oxygen-availability at cellular resolution, establishing these sensors as promising tools for visualizing oxygen-gradients in-vivo.
3D stacked image sensor with simultaneous global shutter and rolling shutter readout operation (2016)

We developed a novel 3D stacked CMOS image sensor that not only improved the leakage characteristics by changing the applied voltage to storage nodes and reduced random noise in global shutter operation by using increased capacitors but also simultaneously captured the interval image of the rolling shutter operation between global shutter operations.
Development of a sustainable liquid fuels infrastructure based on biomass (2004)

Abstract Renewable energy sources are currently receiving much attention, both as a means of reducing the dependency of the United States on imported oil and as a long‐term substitute for fossil fuels. An important part of any renewable energy strategy is to find suitable transportation fuels to substitute for gasoline and diesel oil. Fuels derived from biomass can potentially meet this need; however, traditional routes to biomass fuels are inefficient, leading to low energy yields per acre and questionable sustainability. In this paper, we present a systemwide analysis of biomass fuels and their production infrastructure. By analyzing the relative efficiency of different farming, harvesting, and processing approaches, fuel compositions, and engine technologies, we can identify technologies that substantially improve the overall energy efficiency and sustainability of biomass fuels. The analysis helps identify areas where additional research would yield the greatest benefits and set cost targets that must be achieved for biomass fuels to become competitive with conventional energy sources. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2004
Ultra-Shallow and Low-Leakage p+n Junctions Formation by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII) and Low-Temperature Post-Implantation Annealing (2000)

2000 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Ultra-Shallow and Low-Leakage p+n Junctions Formation by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII) and Low-Temperature Post-Implantation Annealing
Lifetime Estimation of Grid-Connected Battery Storage and Power Electronics Inverter Providing Primary Frequency Regulation (2021)

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) are a new asset for Primary Frequency Regulation (PFR), an ancillary service for improving the grid stability. The system operators determine the implementation and remuneration of PFR. However, assessing the revenue stream is not enough to define the business case, as also the components' lifetime has to be estimated. Previous studies of lifetime estimation for BESSs performing PFR considered only the electrochemical storage, disregarding the power electronics (PE). Nonetheless, researchers have shown the importance of estimating PE wear due to the operation when applied in renewable energy generation and microgrids. This paper presents a lifetime analysis of BESSs providing PFR considering IGBT modules, electrolytic capacitors and electrochemical storage degradation. The lifetime information is used to estimate BESS's Net-Present-Value (NPV), evaluating the benefits of deploying PE-based BESS in the European grid. A comparison between different countries, Germany, the Netherlands, and the U.K., is performed, considering the PFR implementation and remuneration differences. The analysis shows that the BESS management strategy can extend its lifetime and that the component that exhibits the shortest lifetime is the electrochemical storage. The PE components are subject to low wear due to the low power utilization and, therefore, small thermal swings while performing PFR. In conclusion, the provision of PFR by means of BESS has been found to be profitable in all three countries. However, in the Netherlands, the potential NPV has been estimated to be 47% and 76% higher than in Germany and the U.K., respectively.
Influence of a fat layer on the near infrared spectra of human muscle: quantitative analysis based on two-layered Monte Carlo simulations and phantom experiments (2005)

Continuous wave near-IR spectroscopy (CW-NIRS) has been increasingly applied for the noninvasive, <i>in vivo</i> measurement of tissue and blood chemistry. It is hypothesized that there is a quantifiable relationship between fat thickness and near infrared diffuse reflectance spectra at all wavelengths, and this relationship can be used to remove the spectral influence of the overlying fat layer from the muscle spectrum. The hypothesis was investigated at a single wavelength using Monte Carlo simulations of a two-layer structure and with phantom experiments. The influence of a range of optical coefficients (absorption and reduced scattering) for fat and muscle over the known range of human physiological values was also investigated. A polynomial relationship was established between the fat thickness and the detected diffuse reflectance. It is also shown that the optical properties of the muscle and fat layers influence this relationship under certain conditions. Subject-to-subject variation in the fat optical coefficients and thickness can be ignored if the fat thickness is less than 5 mm, such as on the forearm. If NIRS measurement is to be performed on an anatomical region with a thicker fat layer, a spectral correction for fat will be needed to account for its thickness and the variation in optical coefficients for both the fat and the muscle layers.
Proteins: A Theoretical Perspective of Dynamics, Structure and Thermodynamics (1990)

Potential Functions. Dynamical Simulation Methods. Thermodynamic Methods. Atom and Sidechain Motions. Rigid-Body Motions. Larger-Scale Motions. Solvent Influence on Protein Dynamics. Thermodynamic Aspects. Experimental Comparisons and Analysis. Concluding Discussion. References. Index.
Efficacy of (S)-lacosamide in preclinical models of cephalic pain (2016)

Migraine is one of the world's most common neurological disorders. Current acute migraine treatments have sub-optimal efficacy and new therapeutic options are needed. Approaches targeting calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) signaling are clinically effective but small molecule antagonists have not been advanced due to toxicity. In this study, we explored the axonal growth/specification collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) as a novel "druggable" target for inhibiting CGRP release and for potential relevance for treatment of migraine pain. CRMP2 has been demonstrated to regulate N-type voltage gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel (CaV2.2) activity and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent CGRP release in sensory neurons. The co-expression of CRMP2 with CaV2.2 and CGRP in trigeminal ganglia (TG) sensory neurons suggested the possibility of a novel approach to regulate CGRP release in the trigeminal system. Screening protocols surprisingly revealed that (<i>S</i>)-Lacosamide ((<i>S</i>)-LCM), an inactive analog of the clinically-approved small molecule anti-epileptic drug (<i>R</i>)-Lacosamide (Vimpat®), inhibited CRMP2 phosphorylation by cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in rat TG slices and decreased depolarization-evoked Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx in TG cells in culture. (<i>S</i>)-LCM significantly blocked capsaicin-evoked CGRP release from dural nerve terminals in the rat an <i>ex vivo</i> cranial cup preparation. Additionally, cephalic and extracephalic cutaneous allodynia (CA) induced in rats by activation of dural nociceptors with a cocktail of inflammatory mediators, was inhibited by oral administration of (<i>S</i>)-LCM. The confirmation of CRMP2 as an upstream mediator of CGRP release together with the brain penetrance of this molecule suggest (<i>S</i>)-LCM as a potential therapy for acute migraine.
An investigation into series power tapping options of HVDC transmission lines (2013)

The first commercial success in HVDC transmission was made in 1954 and it has since become popular as attempts have also been made to tap energy from the HVDC line itself. This paper discusses technical issues that are related to series energy tapping options for HVDC lines, with possible solutions. The performance and behavior of four different design options for a 2 MW series tap are investigated through simulations. Results are presented with comparisons, highlighting the key characteristics of each design, as proof of concept and as well as to demonstrate that series power tapping from HVDC lines is viable.
Mapping of Heterogeneous Catalyst Degradation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2020)

Abstract Pt catalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells degrade heterogeneously as the catalyst particles are exposed to local variations throughout the catalyst layer during operation. State‐of‐the‐art analytical techniques for studying degradation of Pt catalysts do not possess fine spatial resolution to elucidate such non‐uniform degradation behavior at a large electrode level. A new methodology is developed to spatially resolve and quantify the heterogeneous Pt catalyst degradation over a large area (several cm 2 ) of aged MEAs based on synchrotron X‐ray microdiffraction. PEFC single cells are aged using voltage cycling as an accelerated stress test and the degradation heterogeneity at a micrometer length scale is visualized by mapping Pt catalyst particle size after voltage cycling. It is demonstrated in detail that the Pt catalyst particle size growth is non‐uniform and follows the flow field geometry. The Pt particle size growth is greater in the area under the flow field land, while it is minimal in the area under the flow field channel. Additional non‐uniformity is observed with the Pt particle size increasing more rapidly at the air outlet area than the Pt particle size at the inlet area.
Analyzing Structured Scenarios by Tracking People and Their Limbs (2010)

The analysis of human activities is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Though complex, interactions between people and their environment often exhibit a spatio-temporal structure that can be exploited during analysis. This structure can be leveraged to mitigate the effects of missing or noisy visual observations caused, for example, by sensor noise, inaccurate models, or occlusion. Trajectories of people and their hands and feet, often sufficient for recognition of human activities, lead to a natural qualitative spatio-temporal description of these interactions. This work introduces the following contributions to the task of human activity understanding: 1) a framework that efficiently detects and tracks multiple interacting people and their limbs, 2) an event recognition approach that integrates both logical and probabilistic reasoning in analyzing the spatio-temporal structure of multi-agent scenarios, and 3) an effective computational model of the visibility constraints imposed on humans as they navigate through their environment. The tracking framework mixes probabilistic models with deterministic constraints and uses AND/OR search and lazy evaluation to efficiently obtain the globally optimal solution in each frame. Our high-level reasoning framework efficiently and robustly interprets noisy visual observations to deduce the events comprising structured scenarios. This is accomplished by combining First-Order Logic, Allen's Interval Logic, and Markov Logic Networks with an event hypothesis generation process that reduces the size of the ground Markov network. When applied to outdoor one-on-one basketball videos, our framework tracks the players and, guided by the game rules, analyzes their interactions with each other and the ball, annotating the videos with the relevant basketball events that occurred. Finally, motivated by studies of spatial behavior, we use a set of features from visibility analysis to represent spatial context in the interpretation of human spatial activities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our representation on trajectories generated by humans in a virtual environment.
Transdominant inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity in mutant insulin/insulin-like growth factor I hybrid receptors. (1991)

Classical insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors exist as well defined alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric complexes that are assembled from two identical alpha beta heterodimeric half-receptor precursors. Recent evidence suggests that insulin and IGF-I half-receptors can heterologously assemble to form alpha 2 beta 2 insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptor complexes in vivo and in vitro. We have utilized hybrid receptor complexes to examine ligand-stimulated transmembrane signaling of wild-type insulin (alpha beta INS.WT) or IGF-I (alpha beta IGF.WT) half-receptors assembled with a kinase-defective insulin half-receptor mutant (alpha beta INS.A/K). In vitro assembly of either (alpha beta)IGF.WT/(alpha beta)INS.A/K or (alpha beta)INS.WT/(alpha beta)INS.A/K hybrid receptors resulted in decreased substrate protein kinase activity. The degree of protein kinase inactivation directly correlated with the amount of immunologically cross-reactive hybrid receptors formed. In contrast to substrate kinase activity, insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the (alpha beta)INS.WT/(alpha beta)INS.A/K hybrid receptor complex was completely unaffected in comparison to the wild-type (alpha beta)INS.WT/(alpha beta)INS.WT receptor. To assess a molecular basis for this difference, autophosphorylation of a hybrid receptor composed of a truncated beta-subunit insulin half-receptor with the kinase-defective half-receptor, (alpha beta)INS. delta CT/(alpha beta)INS.A/K, demonstrated the exclusive autophosphorylation of the (alpha beta)INS.A/K half-receptor beta subunit. These results demonstrate that ligand-dependent substrate phosphorylation by insulin and IGF-I holoreceptors requires interactions between two functional beta subunits within the alpha 2 beta 2 heterotetrameric complex and occurs through an intramolecular trans-phosphorylation reaction.
Combining Data-driven Supervision with Human-in-the-loop Feedback for Entity Resolution (2021)

The distribution gap between training datasets and data encountered in production is well acknowledged. Training datasets are often constructed over a fixed period of time and by carefully curating the data to be labeled. Thus, training datasets may not contain all possible variations of data that could be encountered in real-world production environments. Tasked with building an entity resolution system - a model that identifies and consolidates data points that represent the same person - our first model exhibited a clear training-production performance gap. In this case study, we discuss our human-in-the-loop enabled, data-centric solution to closing the training-production performance divergence. We conclude with takeaways that apply to data-centric learning at large.
ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN SEPARATION PROCESSES: ANALYTICAL AND PREPARATIVE METHODS* (2001)

Reprinted from Separation Processes in Biotechnology; Asenjo, J.A., Ed.; Bioprocess Technology, Vol. 9; Marcel Dekker, Inc.; New York, 1990; 517–568.
28.4: Late‐News Paper : Effects of Azimuthal Anchoring Energy on In‐Plane Switching Mode LCD (2008)

Abstract The azimuthal anchoring energies (A.A.E.) of rubbed and UV‐exposed polyimides (PIs) alignment layers were measured more precisely by using improved optical measurement systems and modified cell configurations, and their effects on the alignment stabilities and liquid crystal (LC) response properties in an IPS‐mode LCD were studied. It is proved that (1) the relatively high A.A.E. is necessary for the alignment stability under high temperature stresses, and (2) the falling time of LC becomes shorter by about 0.7 ms with one order increase of an A.A.E. value. So we propose that the A.A.E. level of 1 × 10 −2 ∼ 5 × 10 −2 J/m 2 is required for an alignment layer in an IPS‐mode LCD in order to guarantee the alignment stability and LC response property.
Versatile FPGA Architecture for Skein Hashing Algorithm (2011)

Digital communications and data storage are expanding at fast rates, increasing the need for advanced cryptographic standards to validate and provide privacy for that data.One of the basic components commonly used in information security systems is cryptographic hashing.Cryptographic hashing involves the compression of an arbitrary block of data into a fixed-size string of bits known as the hash value.These functions are designed such that it is computationally infeasible to determine a message that results in a given hash value.It should also be infeasible to find two messages with the same hash value and to change a message without its hash value being changed.Some of the most common uses of these algorithms are digital signatures, message authentication codes, file identification, and data integrity.Due to developments in attacks on the Secure Hash Standard (SHS), which includes SHA-1 and SHA-2 (SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) will be selecting a new hashing algorithm to replace the current standards.In 2008, 64 algorithms were entered into the NIST competition and in December 2010, five finalists were chosen.The final candidates are BLAKE, Keccak, Grøstl, JH, and Skein.In 2012, one of these algorithms will be selected for the Secure Hash Algorithm 3 (SHA-3).This thesis focuses on the development of a versatile hardware architecture for Skein that provides both sequential and tree hashing functions of Skein.The performance optimizations rely heavily on pipelined and unrolled architectures to allow for simultaneous v hashing of multiple unique messages and reduced area tree hashing implementations.Additional result of this thesis is a comprehensive overview of the newly developed architectures and an analysis of their performance in comparison with other software and hardware implementations.
Endothelial siRNA delivery in nonhuman primates using ionizable low–molecular weight polymeric nanoparticles (2018)

Dysfunctional endothelial cells contribute to the pathophysiology of many diseases, including vascular disease, stroke, hypertension, atherosclerosis, organ failure, diabetes, retinopathy, and cancer. Toward the goal of creating a new RNA-based therapy to correct aberrant endothelial cell gene expression in humans, efficient gene silencing in the endothelium of nonhuman primates was achieved by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) with 7C1, a low-molecular weight, ionizable polymer that forms nanoparticles. After a single intravenous administration of 1 mg of siRNA per kilogram of animal, 7C1 nanoparticles delivering Tie2 siRNA caused Tie2 mRNA levels to decrease by approximately 80% in the endothelium of the lung. Significant decreases in Tie2 mRNA were also found in the heart, retina, kidney, pancreas, and bone. Blood chemistry and liver function analysis before and after treatment all showed protein and enzyme concentrations within the normal reference ranges. Furthermore, after controlling for siRNA-specific effects, no significant increases in inflammatory cytokine concentrations were found in the serum. Similarly, no gross lesions or significant underlying pathologies were observed after histological examination of nonhuman primate tissues. This study is the first demonstration of endothelial gene silencing in multiple nonhuman primate organs using systemically administered siRNA nanoparticles and highlights the potential of this approach for the treatment of disease in humans.
Microstructural and magnetic properties of L10FePt–C (0 0 1) textured nanocomposite films grown on different intermediate layers (2008)

10.1088/0022-3727/41/20/205001