gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging protoporphyrin IX fluorescence with a time-domain FMT/microCT system (2009)

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) has the potential to become a powerful quantitative research tool for pre-clinical applications such as evaluating the efficacy of experimental drugs. In this paper, we show how a time-domain FMT/microCT instrument can in principle be used to monitor volumetric fluorescence intensity over time for low fluorophore concentration levels. The experimental results we present relate to Protoporphyrin IX which has a quantum efficiency as much as two orders of magnitude lower compared to more conventional extrinsic dyes used for molecular imaging (e.g., Alexa Fluor dyes, Cyanine dyes). Our results highlight the high sensitivity of the single photon counting technology on which the optical system we have built is based. In conjunction with this system we have developed a diffuse optical fluorescence reconstruction technique that is robust and shown here to perform adequately even in cases when the contribution of noise to the data is important. Related to this, we show that the regularization scheme we have developed is reliable even for low fluorophore concentration values and that no adjustment of the regularization parameter needs to be made for different levels of noise. This generic reconstruction approach insures that images reconstructed from data sets acquired at different times and for different fluorescence levels can be compared on an equal footing.
Advanced fusion power: A preliminary assessment (1987)

Abstract : Report is a review of research and studies of fusion with low neutron emission (advanced) fuels (such as Deuterium with Helium 3); it is an assessment of the feasibility of developing advanced fuels as a fusion power source for space propulsion and electrical power generation.
A study on miniaturization of a handset antenna utilizing magnetic materials (2005)

In this paper, a downsizing technique of handset antennas, by utilizing a magnetic material, is studied at the 2 GHz band. A planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), which is the popular built-in antenna for handsets, is used here. In our previous study, it was found that magnetic materials have an effect on the antenna performance in the short-pin due to the strong current flow. Firstly, basic characteristics such as input impedance, current distribution and radiation patterns are obtained, and calculated results are compared with measured results. Secondly, change of resonance frequency is examined by arranging various types of magnetic materials. Suitable configuration and arrangement of magnetic materials are also examined. As a result, the possibility of miniaturization is confirmed by utilizing magnetic materials. In the calculation, the electromagnetic simulator HFSS, which can consider magnetic loss, is applied to calculate the VSWR and radiation patterns.
Surface Acidity and Properties of TiO2/SiO2 Catalysts Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition: UV−visible Diffuse Reflectance, DRIFTS, and Visible Raman Spectroscopy Studies (2009)

Highly uniform submonolayer to multilayer thin films of titanium dioxide supported on high surface area silica gel have been synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as metal precursors. The deposition rate of titania films from TiCl4 was found to be stable in the 150−300 °C temperature range, which is slightly higher than that from TTIP at 150 °C. UV−visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) shows that the coordination geometry of Ti cations depends on the number of ALD cycles and the precursor but is essentially independent of deposition temperature. Using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and visible Raman spectroscopy with pyridine as a probe molecule, we found all of the titania films studied to exhibit Lewis acidity but only films containing chloride or carbonyl impurities possessed Brønsted acid sites. Additionally, three new pronounced bands in the Raman spectra, ν6b (638 cm−1), ν9a (1200 cm−1), and ν2 (3103 cm−1), provide strong spectroscopic evidence for Brønsted acid sites on the surface.
One-sided Radial-Fundamental Matrix Estimation (2012)

For modern consumer cameras often approximate calibration data is available, making applications such as 3D reconstruction or photo registration easier as compared to the pure uncalibrated setting. In this paper we address the setting with calibrateduncalibrated image pairs: for one image intrinsic parameters are assumed to be known, whereas the second view has unknown distortion and calibration parameters. This situation arises e.g. when one would like to register archive imagery to recently taken photos. A commonly adopted strategy for determining epipolar geometry is based on feature matching and minimal solvers inside a RANSAC framework. However, only very few existing solutions apply to the calibrated-uncalibrated setting. We propose a simple and numerically stable two-step scheme to first estimate radial distortion parameters and subsequently the focal length using novel solvers. We demonstrate the performance on synthetic and real datasets.
Low doses of humanized anti-CD20 antibody, IMMU-106 (hA20), in refractory or recurrent NHL: Phase I/II results (2007)

8032 Background: An open-label, multicenter study has shown that the humanized anti-CD20 antibody, IMMU-106 (hA20), which has framework regions of epratuzumab, has a good safety and efficacy profile in NHL pts when administered once-weekly × 4 at different doses. The trial is now focused on confirming the efficacy of lower doses (80–120 mg/m 2 /wk × 4). Methods: A total of 68 pts (35 male, 33 female; age 34–84) received hA20 at 750 (N=3), 375 (N=27), 200 (N=11), 120 (N=21), or 80 mg/m 2 (N=6). They had follicular (FL, N=47) or other (N=21) B-cell NHL, were predominantly stage III/IV (N=47) at study entry, and had received 1–8 prior treatments (median, 2), including 1 (N=40) or more (N=21) rituximab regimens (without progression within 6 months). Results: Sixty- six pts completed all 4 infusions; 1 pt progressed during treatment and withdrew, while another pt with hives and chills after prior rituximab discontinued treatment after a similar episode at 1st infusion. hA20 was generally well tolerated, with shorter infusion times (typically 2 h initially and 1 h subsequently) at lower doses. Drug-related adverse events were transient, Grade 1–2, most occurring only at 1st infusion, and there was no evidence of HAHA in 54 pts now evaluated. Mean antibody serum levels increased with dose and infusions; serum clearance at 375 mg/m 2 appears similar to rituximab. Currently, 48 pts with at least 12 wks follow-up were evaluated by Cheson criteria: 32 FL pts had 15 (47%) OR's with 7 (22%) CR/CRu's, even after 2–4 prior rituximab-regimens, and 17 non-FL pts had 6 (38%) OR's, with 1 CRu in a marginal zone NHL pt. At a median follow-up of 11 mo., 9/21 pts with ORs are continuing responses, including 4 long-lived responses (15–20 mo). The evaluated pts include 17 pts at 120 mg/m 2 who had 5 (29%) ORs with 3 (17%) CR/CRu's. Responses at 80 mg/m 2 remain to be evaluated, but B-cell depletion occurs after the 1st infusion even at this low dose. Conclusions: hA20 appears well-tolerated, with no evidence of significant adverse events other than minor infusion reactions, even at short infusion times. B-cell depletion and responses have occurred at all doses evaluated, with no clear-cut evidence of a dose-response. As such, the study is continuing to confirm the efficacy of lower doses. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Design of Ligands for the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: The Quest for Selectivity (2010)

In the last decade, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have emerged as important targets for drug discovery. The therapeutic potential of nicotinic agonists depends substantially on the ability to selectively activate certain receptor subtypes that mediate beneficial effects. The design of such compounds has proceeded in spite of a general shortage of data pertaining to subtype selectivity. Medicinal chemistry efforts have been guided principally by binding affinities to the α4β2 and/or α7 subtypes, even though these are not predictive of agonist activity at either subtype. Nevertheless, a diverse family of nAChR ligands has been developed, and several analogs with promising therapeutic potential have now advanced to human clinical trials. This paper provides an overview of the structure-affinity relationships that continue to drive development of new nAChR ligands.
Enabling technologies for flexible and scalable spatial cross-connects (2023)

Hierarchical spatial bypassing and spectral grooming in recently proposed spatial channel network (SCN) architectures are beneficial in the space division multiplexing era in terms of reducing the total node cost while maintaining a reasonably high spectral efficiency and optical-reach extension for optical signals that spatially bypass the overlying wavelength division multiplexing layer. One key piece of equipment to achieve SCNs is a spatial cross-connect (SXC). In this paper, enabling technologies for flexible and scalable SXCs including a core selective switch, a multicore fiber splitter, a core selector, and a core/port selector are reported.
HSDPA bit rates, capacity and coverage (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: General performance factors Single-user performance Multiuser system performance Iub transmission efficiency Capacity and cost of data delivery Round trip time HSDPA measurements HSDPA performance evolution Conclusions Bibliography
Engine-in-the-loop study of the stochastic dynamic programming optimal control design for a hybrid electric HMMWV (2008)

This paper presents a Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) methodology for automatic generation of an implementable hybrid control strategy, and addresses engine soot emissions during controller development by using an advanced Engine-In-the-Loop (EIL) setup. Coupling the real engine with the virtual driveline/vehicle enables application of fast analysers to characterise the impact of transients on engine emissions. The benefits of using the EIL for establishing driveability and soot emissions constraints, and subsequent application of the constraints for refining the SDP strategy is demonstrated through a study of a virtual parallel-hybrid system for the High-Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle with a V8 6L engine.
Variation of Telomerase Activity and Morphology in Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts during Prolonged in vitro Culture (2011)

The purpose of this study was to examine the telomerase activity, population doubling time (PDT), morphological alterations, and the cell cycle status with activity of senescence-associated-ß-galactosidase in porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts during an extended in vitro culture. MSCs and fibroblasts were isolated from bone marrow and ear skin of a miniature pig, respectively, and cultured up to 20 passages. The analysis was carried out in MSCs and fibroblasts at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 passages. Relative telomerase activity (RTA) levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MSCs than in fibroblasts at all the passages. The PDT and cellular size slightly increased in MSCs at later passages. In contrast, fibroblasts had significantly (P < 0.05) increased PDT and cellular size, and the morphology revealed senescent-like abnormal type after passage 10. Further, the high incidence of ß-galactosidase stained cells was observed in fibroblasts compared to that of MSCs at passage 15, and cell cycle stage at G0 / G1 phase was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the fibroblasts at 15 and 20 passages compared to that of MSCs. Based on these observations, we concluded that porcine MSCs possessed more tolerance against senescence and aging compared to fibroblasts following prolonged in vitro culture.
Compact 1.55 μm room-temperature optically pumped photonic crystal mirror-VCSEL (2007)

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a photonic crystal mirror (PCM)-VCSEL, a new class of vertical cavity surface emitting laser combining a bottom DBR and a top PCM is reported. The bottom solid DBR includes 40 pairs of InP/InGaAlAs quarter-wave layers. The cavity of the VCSEL is a hybrid InP/air cavity. Single-mode laser emission around 1.55 μm has been obtained by pulsed optical pumping at 785 nm. The threshold power is around 15 mW. This is the first realization of a VCSEL which one mirror consists singly in one semiconductor layer.
X-ray Porosimetry as a Metrology to Characterize The Pore Structure of Low-k Dielectric Films (2003)

X‐ray reflectivity porosimetry is a highly sensitive measurement method that utilizes the capillary condensation of a solvent vapor inside porous low‐k dielectric films on a silicon substrate. As the partial pressure of the solvent environment over the film increases, capillary condensation occurs in progressively larger pores. This results in an appreciable increase in the electron density of the film. By monitoring the changes in the critical angle for total X‐ray reflectance, one can directly calculate the average electron density, and therefore the solvent uptake. By invoking traditional porosimetry absorption/desorption analyses, characteristics such as porosity and the distribution of pore sizes can be extracted.
Pattern of Lactate Production and Steroidogenesis during Growth and Maturation of Mouse Ovarian Follicles in Vitro1 (1993)

A model culture system for the study of follicular metabolism has been developed from existing methods of whole-follicle culture. The modified system mimics the in vivo growth and maturation of mouse ovarian follicles from primary to preovulatory stages and the modulating influences of the LH and FSH. This is the first study to demonstrate ovulation in vitro from individual ovarian follicles. The pattern of follicular lactate production relative to steroidogenesis was studied throughout in vitro follicular development over a period of 6 days. Twenty-four-hour samples of medium from individual follicles were analyzed for lactate and pyruvate by an automated analytical technique, and for estradiol and progesterone by an immunoenzymatic method. Follicles produced remarkably large quantities of lactate and estradiol during FSH-stimulated development in vitro. LH further stimulated lactate production but resulted in a significant decrease in estradiol secretion and an ovulation rate of 30%. Progesterone production was not detectable throughout the culture period, and follicles showed no evidence of pyruvate uptake. These findings demonstrate the validity of using this model culture system for the study of follicular metabolism and provide new information on the pattern of carbohydrate metabolism relative to steroidogenesis during follicular growth and maturation.
Robust free space board-to-board optical interconnect with closed loop MEMS tracking (2009)

We present a free-space optical interconnect system capable of dynamic closed-loop optical alignment using a microlens scanner with a proportional integral and derivative controller. Electrostatic microlens scanners based on combdrive actuators are designed and characterized with vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for adaptive optical beam tracking in the midst of mechanical vibration noise. The microlens scanners are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator wafers with a bulk micromachining process using deep reactive ion etching. We demonstrate dynamic optical beam positioning with a 700 Hz bandwidth and a maximum noise reduction of approximately 40 dB. Eye diagrams with a 1 Gb/s modulation rate are presented to demonstrate the improved optical link in the presence of mechanical noise.
Rapid paper spray mass spectrometry characterization of uranium and exemplar molecular species (2019)

The rapid analysis of uranium and other inorganic-containing samples while still retaining original chemical information (e.g. uranyl complexation) was demonstrated. Qualitative detection and speciation were achieved in less than 1 min of analysis. For uranium isotopic quantitation, longer accumulations (>15 min) can be sustained to improve the accuracy of minor <sup>235</sup> U isotopic abundance measurements to approximately 1% error.
Phase change behavior of Ge1Cu2Te3 thin films (2011)

The electrical resistances on the crystallization process of co-sputtered Ge-Cu-Te films were investigated by a two-point probe method. It was found that the amorphous Ge1Cu2Te3 film crystallized into a single Ge1Cu2Te3 phase, which lead to a large resistance drop. The crystallization temperature of the Ge1Cu2Te3 amorphous film was higher than the conventional Ge2Sb2Te5 amorphous film. The activation energy for the crystallization of the Ge1Cu2Te3 amorphous film was higher than that of the Ge2Sb2Te5 amorphous film. The Ge1Cu2Te3 compound with a low melting point can be expected to be suitable as a phase change material for PCRAM.
Characteristic vibrational frequencies and normal modes of the CCO ligand in trinuclear ketenylidene clusters (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacteristic vibrational frequencies and normal modes of the CCO ligand in trinuclear ketenylidene clustersMichael J. Sailor, Michael J. Went, and Duward F. ShriverCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 15, 2666–2672Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00288a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (888 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mechanical breathing in organic electrochromics (2020)

The repetitive size change of the electrode over cycles, termed as mechanical breathing, is a crucial issue limiting the quality and lifetime of organic electrochromic devices. The mechanical deformation originates from the electron transport and ion intercalation in the redox active material. The dynamics of the state of charge induces drastic changes of the microstructure and properties of the host, and ultimately leads to structural disintegration at the interfaces. We quantify the breathing strain and the evolution of the mechanical properties of poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) thin films in-situ using customized environmental nanoindentation. Upon oxidation, the film expands nearly 30% in volume, and the elastic modulus and hardness decrease by a factor of two. We perform theoretical modeling to understand thin film delamination from an indium tin oxide (ITO) current collector under cyclic load. We show that toughening the interface with roughened or silica-nanoparticle coated ITO surface significantly improves the cyclic performance.
Salt dome flank imaging with elastodynamic interferometric redatuming (2008)

The recent introduction of novel redatuming techniques, based on the principles of seismic interferometry, has allowed seismic measurements collected on one datum to be extrapolated to another datum. This process can potentially remove the complicated overburden structures without knowledge of the velocity model. We introduce an elastic redatuming scheme for a walkaway VSP based on these principles, using P‐ and S‐wave potentials that are derived from spatial derivatives of the measured wavefields. We test our elastic redatuming scheme on data simulated with an elastic finite‐difference algorithm. The elastodynamic, multicomponent, Green's functions between receivers in a vertical borehole are then extracted from data recorded using P‐ and S‐wave sources at the surface. The wavefields are redatumed as four parts: two related to the P‐wave potential, and another two related to the S‐wave potential. These parts are migrated separately and form four independent images of the salt‐dome flank, providing a more complete elastic description of the subsurface.
Synthesis and Characterization of Well Aligned Ru Nanowires and Nanotubes (2010)

Arrays of well aligned Ru nanowires and nanotubes were prepared by electrodeposition through porous anodic aluminum oxide membranes. It is shown that Ru nanowires are formed at low cathodic deposition overpotential, while nanotubes are prepared at higher cathodic overpotential. The inner diameter of the nanotube can be controlled by the deposition potential, and it varies from 0 to 70% of the outer diameter as the deposition potential is changed from -0.30 to -0.45 V vs SCE.
Phellinsin A from Phellinus sp. PL3 Exhibits Antioxidant Activities (2006)

Phellinsin A, which was isolated from the culture broth of Phellinus sp. PL3, exhibited significant low-density lipoproteins (LDL)-antioxidant activity. It inhibited the Cu2+-mediated oxidation of LDL (IC50: 5.3 microM) and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-mediated oxidation of LDL (IC50: 2.8 microM) in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay as well as the macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation (73% inhibition at 5 microM). In addition, it delayed LDL oxidation with a prolonged lag time (192 min at 2 microM, control: 44 min). This compound also showed a 10-fold more potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity (IC50: 1.7 microM) than trolox (IC50: 18.6 microM), a known DPPH inhibitor. In addition, phellinsin A inhibited xanthine oxidase activity with an IC50 value of 31.0 microM, whereas allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, showed an IC50 value of 40.7 microM.
Elevated levels of placental growth factor represent an adaptive host response in sepsis (2008)

Recently, we demonstrated that circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) are increased in sepsis (Yano, K., P.C. Liaw, J.M. Mullington, S.C. Shih, H. Okada, N. Bodyak, P.M. Kang, L. Toltl, B. Belikoff, J. Buras, et al. 2006. J. Exp. Med. 203:1447-1458). Moreover, enhanced VEGF/Flk-1 signaling was shown to contribute to sepsis morbidity and mortality. We tested the hypothesis that PlGF also contributes to sepsis outcome. In mouse models of endotoxemia and cecal ligation puncture, the genetic absence of PlGF or the systemic administration of neutralizing anti-PlGF antibodies resulted in higher mortality compared with wild-type or immunoglobulin G-injected controls, respectively. The increased mortality associated with genetic deficiency of PlGF was reversed by adenovirus (Ad)-mediated overexpression of PlGF. In the endotoxemia model, PlGF deficiency was associated with elevated circulating levels of VEGF, induction of VEGF expression in the liver, impaired cardiac function, and organ-specific accentuation of barrier dysfunction and inflammation. Mortality of endotoxemic PlGF-deficient mice was increased by Ad-mediated overexpression of VEGF and was blocked by expression of soluble Flt-1. Collectively, these data suggest that up-regulation of PlGF in sepsis is an adaptive host response that exerts its benefit, at least in part, by attenuating VEGF signaling.