gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FRESH: Interactive Reward Shaping in High-Dimensional State Spaces using Human Feedback (2020)

Reinforcement learning has been successful in training autonomous agents to accomplish goals in complex environments. Although this has been adapted to multiple settings, including robotics and computer games, human players often find it easier to obtain higher rewards in some environments than reinforcement learning algorithms. This is especially true of high-dimensional state spaces where the reward obtained by the agent is sparse or extremely delayed. In this paper, we seek to effectively integrate feedback signals supplied by a human operator with deep reinforcement learning algorithms in high-dimensional state spaces. We call this FRESH (Feedback-based REward SHaping). During training, a human operator is presented with trajectories from a replay buffer and then provides feedback on states and actions in the trajectory. In order to generalize feedback signals provided by the human operator to previously unseen states and actions at test-time, we use a feedback neural network. We use an ensemble of neural networks with a shared network architecture to represent model uncertainty and the confidence of the neural network in its output. The output of the feedback neural network is converted to a shaping reward that is augmented to the reward provided by the environment. We evaluate our approach on the Bowling and Skiing Atari games in the arcade learning environment. Although human experts have been able to achieve high scores in these environments, state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms perform poorly. We observe that FRESH is able to achieve much higher scores than state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms in both environments. FRESH also achieves a 21.4% higher score than a human expert in Bowling and does as well as a human expert in Skiing.
Analytical evaluation of superdirective array sensitivity factor (2017)

In this paper, the sensitivity of superdirective end-fire arrays to the precision of the excitation coefficients associated to its elements is studied through the notion of sensitivity factor. Starting from the array factor with optimized coefficients and the general sensitivity factor expression previously defined in the literature, this work provides formulas that can predict the precision requirements for the realization of superdirective arrays. The theoretical formulas are validated through numerical results obtained using an ad-hoc synthesis procedure based on spherical wave expansion.
Metabolomic Applications to Decipher Gut Microbial Metabolic Influence in Health and Disease (2012)

Dietary preferences and nutrients composition have been shown to influence human and gut microbial metabolism, which ultimately has specific effects on health and diseases' risk. Increasingly, results from molecular biology and microbiology demonstrate the key role of the gut microbiota metabolic interface to the overall mammalian host's health status. There is therefore raising interest in nutrition research to characterize the molecular foundations of the gut microbial-mammalian cross talk at both physiological and biochemical pathway levels. Tackling these challenges can be achieved through systems biology approaches, such as metabolomics, to underpin the highly complex metabolic exchanges between diverse biological compartments, including organs, systemic biofluids, and microbial symbionts. By the development of specific biomarkers for prediction of health and disease, metabolomics is increasingly used in clinical applications as regard to disease etiology, diagnostic stratification, and potentially mechanism of action of therapeutical and nutraceutical solutions. Surprisingly, an increasing number of metabolomics investigations in pre-clinical and clinical studies based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry provided compelling evidence that system wide and organ-specific biochemical processes are under the influence of gut microbial metabolism. This review aims at describing recent applications of metabolomics in clinical fields where main objective is to discern the biochemical mechanisms under the influence of the gut microbiota, with insight into gastrointestinal health and diseases diagnostics and improvement of homeostasis metabolic regulation.
Wound Complications and Treatment of the Infected Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Generator (1993)

Since 1980, the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has evolved as effective therapy for prevention of sudden cardiac death following documented sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. During a 5-year period, 412 ICD devices were implanted at the University of Michigan Hospitals with a wound complication rate of 4.1%. In this group, there were 13 infections, 3 erosions of the generator pocket, and 1 wound hematoma. Of the 16 patients with infection or erosion, 12 patients were treated with a rectus abdominis muscle flap closure and 4 with ICD generator removal. In 83% (n = 12) of the muscle flap patients, the wound healed uneventfully. Preoperative chest CT scanning was found to be helpful in identifying probable infection of the epicardial leads. In these cases, all hardware had to be removed to achieve resolution of the infection. We concluded that rectus abdominis muscle flaps were helpful in salvaging infected or exposed ICD generators in the absence of infected epicardial leads.
Novel Proteins of the Phosphotransferase System Encoded within the rpoN Operon of Escherichia coli (1995)

Two rpoN-linked ΔTn10-kan insertions suppress the conditionally lethal erats allele. One truncates rpoN while the second disrupts another gene (ptsN) in the rpoN operon and does not affect classical nitrogen regulation. Neither alter expression of era indicating that suppression is post-translational. Plasmid clones of ptsN prevent suppression by either disruption mutation indicating that this gene is important for lethality caused by erats. rpoN and six neighboring genes were sequenced and compared with sequences in the database. Two of these genes encode proteins homologous to Enzyme IIAFru and HPr of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. We designate these proteins IIANtr (ptsN) and NPr (npr). Purified IIANtr and NPr exchange phosphate appropriately with Enzyme I, HPr, and Enzyme IIA proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. Several sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates inhibited growth of the ptsN disruption mutant on medium containing an amino acid or nucleoside base as a combined source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. This growth inhibition was relieved by supplying the ptsN gene or ammonium salts but was not aleviated by altering levels of exogenously supplied cAMP. These results support our previous proposal of a novel mechanism linking carbon and nitrogen assimilation and relates IIANtr to the unknown process regulated by the essential GTPase Era. Two rpoN-linked ΔTn10-kan insertions suppress the conditionally lethal erats allele. One truncates rpoN while the second disrupts another gene (ptsN) in the rpoN operon and does not affect classical nitrogen regulation. Neither alter expression of era indicating that suppression is post-translational. Plasmid clones of ptsN prevent suppression by either disruption mutation indicating that this gene is important for lethality caused by erats. rpoN and six neighboring genes were sequenced and compared with sequences in the database. Two of these genes encode proteins homologous to Enzyme IIAFru and HPr of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. We designate these proteins IIANtr (ptsN) and NPr (npr). Purified IIANtr and NPr exchange phosphate appropriately with Enzyme I, HPr, and Enzyme IIA proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. Several sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates inhibited growth of the ptsN disruption mutant on medium containing an amino acid or nucleoside base as a combined source of nitrogen, carbon, and energy. This growth inhibition was relieved by supplying the ptsN gene or ammonium salts but was not aleviated by altering levels of exogenously supplied cAMP. These results support our previous proposal of a novel mechanism linking carbon and nitrogen assimilation and relates IIANtr to the unknown process regulated by the essential GTPase Era.
Observation ofD0−D¯0Oscillations (2013)

We report a measurement of the time-dependent ratio of D(0) → K(+) π- to D(0) → K(-) π(+) decay rates in D(*+)-tagged events using 1.0 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment. We measure the mixing parameters x('2) = (-0.9 ± 1.3) × 10(-4), y' = (7.2 ± 2.4) × 10(-3), and the ratio of doubly-Cabibbo-suppressed to Cabibbo-favored decay rates R(D) = (3.52 ± 0.15) × 10^{-3}, where the uncertainties include statistical and systematic sources. The result excludes the no-mixing hypothesis with a probability corresponding to 9.1 standard deviations and represents the first observation of D0-D0 oscillations from a single measurement.
Cytotoxic activities of a fusion protein comprised of TGFα and Pseudomonas exotoxin (1989)

A cDNA encoding transforming growth factor type alpha (TGF alpha) was fused to the 5' end of a gene encoding a modified form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE), which is devoid of the cell recognition domain (domain Ia). The chimeric molecule, termed TGF alpha-PE40, was expressed in Escherichia coli and isolated from the periplasm or inclusion bodies depending on the construction expressed. TGF alpha-PE40 was found to be extremely cytotoxic to cells displaying epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Comparison with a similar molecule in which TGF alpha was placed at the carboxyl end of PE40 demonstrated the importance of the position of the cell recognition element; TGF alpha-PE40 was found to be about 30-fold more cytotoxic to cells bearing EGF receptors than PE40-TGF alpha. In addition, TGF alpha-PE40 was shown to be extremely cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines including liver, ovarian, and colon cancer cell lines, indicating high levels of EGF receptor expression in these cells.
Presenilin Function in APP Processing (2000)

Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is now linked to at least three genes encoding the amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21, and presenilin 1 and 2 on chromosome 14 and 1, respectively. FAD cases in whom presenilin mutations occur are more frequent than those with APP mutations. However, altogether they only account for approximately 0.1% of all the people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the causes of the remaining 99.9% of the sporadic form of AD or senile dementia remain unknown. Since FAD presents with the same neuropathological features as sporadic AD, i.e., cognitive impairments and the amyloid plaques and tangles in the brain, our working hypothesis is that similar molecular pathogenic mechanisms underly both sporadic and familial AD. It follows that APP and the presenilins must be key players in the disease. Detailed knowledge about the cell biology of these proteins will be a rich source of insight into the pathology of AD, but will also shed light on the fundamental neurobiology of these proteins.
Successful Aging (2004)

This issue's Works in Progress department presents six abstracts for projects that are developing interesting solutions to the elderly's quality of life challenges. The first two abstracts discuss projects that will help provide the elderly with freedom and independence by instrumenting their environments with supportive technology. The next two abstracts discuss projects building specialized user interfaces for addressing some of the challenges associated with aging, such as vision impairment. The final two abstracts present projects that will aid independence for the elderly by providing remote monitoring and assistance.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfates of the Refractory Metals: Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of Nb2O2(SO4)3, MoO2(SO4), WO(SO4)2, and Two Modifications of Re2O5(SO4)2. (2011)

Abstract The crystal structures of (II), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) are determined by single crystal XRD.
Mortality in childhood progressive encephalopathy from 1985 to 2004 in Oslo, Norway: a population‐based study (2007)

Children with PE showed a vast excess in mortality compared to the general population stratified by gender and age. Neonatal presentation and metabolic aetiology were the most significant factors for increased risk of death.
Recent Developments in Thermal Modelling of High-Speed Dye Recording (2003)

We discuss a generic method to validate a numerical model that can be applied to high-speed dye recording. The method is based on the determination of transition powers that correspond to the onset of pit formation. The mechanism of pit formation is discussed in terms of the decomposition of the recording dye and the softening of the polycarbonate substrate. The decomposition temperature of compact disc (CD) and digital versatile disc (DVD) dyes was measured with two different methods, involving heating rates that approach those encountered during recording. The softening temperature of polycarbonate was also measured. The laser powers required for the onset of dye decomposition and softening of the polycarbonate-dye interface were determined from continuous-writing (DC-write) reflection measurements for 1X-40X CD-R recording and 1X-10X DVD+R recording. In addition, transition powers were obtained from atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses of written tracks. The DC-reflection and AFM-topography measurements appear to collapse onto one generic master curve for the entire range of tested recording velocities for each type of CD and DVD. From the measured temperatures for the onset of dye decomposition and polycarbonate softening, transition powers were also calculated with a numerical model of the multilayer recording stack. Numerical results are compared with experimental values for a CD and DVD type of disc.
40 Gbit/s versatile LiNbO (2005)

We propose a high-speed versatile lightwave modulator which can generate on-off-keying, phase-shift-keying and frequency-shift-keying signals. 40 Gbit/s optical FSK modulation was demonstrated by using the modulator consisting of four phase modulators, where frequency deviation was 80 GHz. (2 pages)
Langmuir—Blodgett Films of Stilbazolium Chloride Polyethers (1992)

The orientation and order of Langmuir-Blodgett films of stilbazolium-epichlorohydrin polymer (PECH) interleaved with deuterated arachidic acid are studied with infrared radiation. Infrared absorption bands characteristics of the head and tail groups in both the dye and spacer are identified. Preliminary heating and aging studies show that the assembly undergoes a slow structural rearrangement at room temperature which is accelerated by heat. The observed rearrangement is consistent with previously measured SHG (second harmonic generation) signal loss in aged assemblies compared with freshly prepared samples.
Gottfried Semper: In Search of Architecture (1984)

For the generation after Karl Frederich Schinkel, Gottfried Semper (1803-1879) was the most admired architect in Germany. His buildings, such as the opera houses in Dresden and two museums in Vienna, were outstanding examples of their kind. To later generations, however, Semper is known primarily for his writings. Although Semper is arguably the 19th century's most important theoretician, the subtlety of his thought and the difficulty of his German have kept his works from being translated and his contribution from being assessed until now. Herrmann traces his life, analyzes his writings--in particular his major work, Der Stil and presents translations of recently uncovered texts.Der Stil, long a basic source of ideas for architects, had a profound impact on European modernists and proto-modernists alike. H.P. Berlage, Otto Wagner, Bruno Taut, and Walter Gropius were influenced by it, as were any number of American architects, including Bernard Maybeck and Louis Sullivan.Following the biographical chapters, which clarify the extent to which Semper's strongly held political convictions (he was forced to flee Dresden after the revolution of 1849 failed) informed his ideas about architecture, Herrmann presents the colorful genesis of Der Stil. Through his close reading of the texts, Herrmann brings to light Semper's position on iron, on Gothic and contemporary architecture, on the primitive hut, and on the ideas of the archaeologist Karl Botticher. Among the previously unpublished manuscripts that conclude the book is material essential to a clear understanding of the ideas developed in Der Stil.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Renal Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors (2015)

This chapter highlights recent work that has improved the awareness and understanding of the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect, and discusses the current results of its application as an investigational therapeutic modality in the treatment of metastatic solid tumors. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) became increasingly used as a therapeutic option to treat patients with a variety of different treatment-resistant hematologic malignancies. Tumors such as metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with their ability to undergo occasional spontaneous regression or maintain prolonged periods of stable disease, have long fascinated investigators and led to the concept that the immune system might play a role in the regulation or control of malignant cells. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been the greatest contributor to morbidity and mortality in our RCC patients undergoing reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) HCT.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrroles via a Tandem Enamine Formation—Michael Addition—Cyclization Sequence under Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2015)

Abstract A convenient catalyst‐free, three‐component procedure is developed for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles under solvent‐free conditions and in green solvents glycerol, PEG‐200 and water.
A 0.8 -3.4 GHz, Low-Power and Low-noise RF-to-BB-Current-Reuse Receiver Front-End for Wideband Local and Wide-area IoT Applications (2020)

A low-noise, low-power and wideband RF-to-baseband (BB)-current-reuse quadrature (I/Q) receiver frontend using an active-inductor (AI) technique is proposed to support several local and wide-area wireless standards from 0.8 GHz to 3.4 GHz. To achieve low-power, a single supply and de bias current are shared between a low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) and a transimpedance amplifier (TIA). A double-balanced current driven passive mixer with a 25% duty-cycle local oscillator (LO) to enhance the overall performance are used. To improve the gain and noise performance of the receiver, a high impedance AI is employed to isolate the RF signal path from the output node and BB signal that allows the receiver to operate at higher frequencies with minimum degradation. A g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> -boosted capacitive cross-coupled common-gate (CCC-CG) LNTA topology is employed to enhance input-matching, gain and NF without consuming extra power. The proposed receiver is implemented in 130-nm TSMC CMOS process and occupies an active area of 0.025 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . In the default current setting, at an 4 MHz intermediate-frequency (IF) and a 2.4 GHz radiofrequency (RF), it achieves a voltage gain of 39.5 dB, a double-sideband (DSB) noise figure (NF) of 2.6 dB, S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> of less than -15dB and an IIP3 of -28dBm while consuming 1.6mA from 1.2 V supply voltage.
Predictive Gene Signature for Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivative c-Src Inhibitor 10a Sensitivity in Melanoma Cells (2020)

Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Although more than 80% of melanomas harbor an activating mutation in genes within the MAPK pathway, which are mutually exclusive, usefulness of therapies targeting MAPK pathway are impeded by innate and/or acquired resistance in most patients. In this study, using melanoma cells, we report the efficacy of a recently developed pyrazolo[3,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine derived c-Src inhibitor 10a and identify a molecular signature which is predictive of 10a chemosensitivity. We show that the expression of TMED7, PLOD2, XRCC5, and NSUN5 are candidate biomarkers for 10a sensitivity. Although an undifferentiated/mesenchymal/invasive status of melanoma cells is associated with resistance to 10a, we show here for the first time that melanoma cells can be sensitized to 10a via treatment with valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor.
Two Party Aspect Agreement using a COTS Solver (2005)

A number of researchers have proposed an aspect-oriented approach for integrating concerns with component based applications. With this approach, components only implement a functional interface; aspects such as security are left unresolved until deployment time. In this paper we present the latest version of our declarative language, GlueQoS, used to specify aspect deployment policies. Our work is focused on automating the process of configuring cooperating remote aspects using a client-server handshake. During the handshake the two parties agree on aspect configuration by using mixed integer programming. A security example is presented as well as initial performance observations. 1.
High Brightness OLED Lighting (2016)

In this work we describe the technology developments behind our current and future generations of high brightness OLED lighting panels. We have developed white and amber OLEDs with excellent performance based on the stacking approach. Current products achieve 40-60 lm/W, while future developments focus on achieving 80 lm/W or higher.
Adaptive threshold-based admission control (2005)

We present an algorithm for performing dynamic per-link admission control. It is designed to be suitable for deployment using existing quality of service and router techniques. The rationale for the algorithm is to find a bitrate limit for reserved capacity, which enables efficient capacity utilization and statistical multiplexing gain. By using simple traffic meters configured with respect to defined service levels, a network resource controller estimates an admission limit. The estimated limit reflects the ratio between reserved capacity and the aggregate behavior of current flows. Simulations indicate that reliable admission limits can be estimated already at low reservation levels.
Bioprinting Using Mechanically Robust Core–Shell Cell‐Laden Hydrogel Strands (2017)

The strand material in extrusion-based bioprinting determines the microenvironments of the embedded cells and the initial mechanical properties of the constructs. One unmet challenge is the combination of optimal biological and mechanical properties in bioprinted constructs. Here, a novel bioprinting method that utilizes core-shell cell-laden strands with a mechanically robust shell and an extracellular matrix-like core has been developed. Cells encapsulated in the strands demonstrate high cell viability and tissue-like functions during cultivation. This process of bioprinting using core-shell strands with optimal biochemical and biomechanical properties represents a new strategy for fabricating functional human tissues and organs.
SITA Fast, a new rapid perimetric threshold test. Description of methods and evaluation in patients with manifest and suspect glaucoma (1998)

SITA Fast tests were considerably shorter than Fastpac tests. The low test-retest variability found in the SITA Fast tests implies that it may be a sensitive test for detection of field progression.