gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compensating Inertia Forces During Human Load Carrying Using a Motorized Second Spine (2014)

This study focuses on how the inertia force of a backpack induced by human walking can be compensated by active load modulation through a Second Spine, a device that provides an alternate pathway to transfer loads from the shoulder to the pelvis. Human walking induces periodic vertical acceleration of the upper body. A backpack worn on the upper body undergoes this same acceleration. Inertia force is induced by this acceleration and the human body has to sustain this motion and provide necessary energy. Based on this knowledge and our previous studies on a passive Second Spine, we present studies on a motorized Second Spine that can actively modulate the vertical motion of a backpack such that the inertia forces can be reduced. This is realized by real-time sensing and actuation so that the backpack is kept inertially fixed. The performance of such a device was evaluated on an instrumented test-bed using an Instron machine, showing results in good agreement with simulation. It was shown that the backpack motion can be made nearly stationary with respect to the ground by active modulation using motors and the inertia force is reduced.
Molecular recognition using corona phase complexes made of synthetic polymers adsorbed on carbon nanotubes (2014)

Nanomaterials are often functionalized with biological ligands to enable their use as sensors of biological activity. However, the intricacies of nano-bio interactions are poorly understood, which hampers our ability to design nanomaterial-based sensors. Current experimental tools have been unable to visualize interactions occurring on the nano-bio interface with the spatial and temporal resolution needed to quantify biological interactions at their fundamental length and time scales. To fill the need for concurrent visualization of nanoparticles and biomolecules, we have combined two common microscopy techniques, one being for the study of biomolecules and the other for the study of nanoparticles, into a single instrument that has the capacity to study both nanoparticles and biological molecules simultaneously with spatial and temporal resolution that is appropriate for nanoscale interactions. This novel instrument has been used for the characterization of high-sensitivity sensors by designing synthetic biological polymers to selectively encapsulate single-wall carbon nanotubes. The design of synthetic sensing tools based on nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrids is promising for areas in need of high-specificity sensors, such as label-free detection of molecules within a cell, nanoparticle-based diagnostic tools, and nanoscale therapeutics. We introduce three examples of high-sensitivity and high-selectivity synthetic sensors that have the ability to detect a variety of molecules on a single-molecule scale: riboflavin, L-thyroxine, and oestradiol. These sensors have been used to detect and quantify riboflavin levels within a live murine macrophage cell in real-time. The findings provided herein will enable the development of early-onset diagnostic tools at the level of a single cell.
Discovery of β-Form Crystal Structure in Electrospun Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHx) Nanofibers: From Fiber Mats to Single Fibers (2015)

For the first time the strain-induced metastable β-form crystal structure, with the extended chains adopting a planar zigzag conformation, was discovered in the macroscopically aligned electrospun nanofibers of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHx) collected across the air gap on aluminum foil and on the tapered edge of a high-speed rotary disk. The presence of the β-form crystal structure in the fiber mats was confirmed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and AFM-IR were utilized to investigate the morphological and structural details of individual electrospun nanofibers. The SAED results confirmed a significant influence of the collection method on the crystal structure as well as the orientation level of the molecular chains in the crystals. The AFM-IR spectra of the single nanofibers matched well with the traditional FTIR spectra, but the finer features in the AFM-IR spectra were more distinct and better resolved. Based on the experimental results, new mechanisms for the generation of the β-form crystalline structure in electrospun PHBHx nanofibers are proposed.
Modeling and optimization of an electromagnetic actuator for flapping wing micro air vehicle (2013)

In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework for a flapping-wing actuation mechanism. Driven by oscillating magnetic torque acting on the rotor, the proposed actuator operates as a forced nonlinear oscillator. The resonance of the system is achieved by using a virtual magnetic spring without any mechanical components. Analytical models of the driving torque and the wing flapping (rotor) dynamics are derived and validated by experimental measurements from a parallel study. The flapping amplitude at primary resonance is obtained by solving the dynamic equation using the method of multiple time scale. The aerodynamic lift is then calculated based on quasi-steady aerodynamic model. Finally, the developed framework is used to investigate the feasibility and performance of the proposed actuator at different scales, while we show that a lift-to-weight ratio over one can be achieved in a large domain of design parameter space.
Dynamic behavior of current controllers for selective harmonic compensation in three-phase active power filters (2011)

Current regulators are a critical part of active power filters (APF's). Design of current regulators capable of compensating high frequency harmonics created by non-linear loads is a challenging task. Selective harmonic current compensation using harmonic regulators is a viable method to achieve this goal. However, their design and tuning is not an easy task. The performance -and even the stability- of harmonic current regulators strongly depends on implementation issues, with the tuning of the controller gains being critical. Furthermore, the presence of multiple current regulators working in parallel can create unwanted couplings with the fundamental current regulator, which can result in a deterioration of APF current control, i.e., oscillations and settling times larger than expected. This paper addresses the design and tuning of selective harmonic compensators, with a focus on their stability analysis and transient behavior.
Functionalized Conjugated Microporous Polymers (2009)

A range of conjugated microporous polymer networks has been prepared using Sonogashira−Hagihara cross-coupling of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene with a number of functionalized dibromobenzenes. Porous poly(arylene ethynylene) networks with surface areas up to 900 m2/g were produced. The surface chemistry of the networks was varied by monomer selection, thus allowing control over physical properties such as hydrophobicity. Additionally, it was shown that the dye sorption behavior of the networks can be controlled by varying the hydrophobicity. This expands significantly on the utility of this approach, allowing high surface area networks to be prepared with properties that can be tailored for applications such as catalysis and separations.
Simulation and analysis of a new direct coupling converter (DCC) (2002)

A novel DC-DC converter with ZVS topology is introduced. An amplitude modulated squarewave train is generated and the output can be controlled by the amplitude of this squarewave train. As energy is directly transferred to the output, it is named the direct coupling converter (DCC). This topology is simple and has inherent ZVS characteristics. The basic topology and a topology with a transformer is introduced. Theoretical analysis for the topology with an isolating transformer and results from a 50 W offline experimental prototype are presented in this paper.
Non-Visual Sensors and Algorithms (2010)

This textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students emphasizes algorithms for a range of strategies for locomotion, sensing, and reasoning. It concentrates on wheeled and legged mobile robots but discusses a variety of other propulsion systems. This edition includes advances in robotics and intelligent machines over the ten years prior to publication, including significant coverage of SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) and multi-robot systems. It includes additional mathematical background and an extensive list of sample problems. Various mathematical techniques that were assumed in the first edition are now briefly introduced in appendices at the end of the text to make the book more self-contained. Researchers as well as students in the field of mobile robotics will appreciate this comprehensive treatment of state-of-the-art methods and key technologies.
Mesogenic, trimeric, halogen-bonded complexes from alkoxystilbazoles and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (2008)

New, halogen-bonded mesogens are formed as trimeric complexes of two molecules of alkoxystilbazole and one of 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene. The pure complexes show only monotropic nematic phases, while mixtures show a enantiotropic nematic with a range of up to 11 °C. A possible correlation between nematic phase stability and halogen bond strength is suggested.
Direct imprinting of thermally reduced silver nanoparticles via deformation-driven ink injection for high-performance, flexible metal grid embedded transparent conductors (2015)

High-performance metal grid transparent conductors, which were fabricated using a direct imprinting of thermally reduced Ag NPs <italic>via</italic> a deformation-driven ink injection, were embedded into transparent and flexible films.
Robust IEEE 802.15.4a energy detection receiver using statistical interference modeling (2009)

Energy-detection is appealing for IEEE 802.15.4a receivers as it allows to exploit the ranging capabilities and the multipath resistance of impulse-radio UWB at a reasonable complexity. IEEE 802.15.4a receivers operate with interference created by uncontrolled piconets and an uncoordinated medium access control. Prior work showed that the performance of an energy-detection based receiver is greatly degraded in such scenarios. Hence, we present an interference mitigation algorithm based on statistical interference modeling for energy-detection receivers. This combines a low complexity architecture and robustness to interference. Our performance evaluation shows that our solution decreases the packet error rate significantly.
CRISPR-mediated gene correction links the ATP7A M1311V mutations with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis in one individual (2020)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe disease causing motor neuron death, but a complete cure has not been developed and related genes have not been defined in more than 80% of cases. Here we compared whole genome sequencing results from a male ALS patient and his healthy parents to identify relevant variants, and chose one variant in the X-linked ATP7A gene, M1311V, as a strong disease-linked candidate after profound examination. Although this variant is not rare in the Ashkenazi Jewish population according to results in the genome aggregation database (gnomAD), CRISPR-mediated gene correction of this mutation in patient-derived and re-differentiated motor neurons drastically rescued neuronal activities and functions. These results suggest that the ATP7A M1311V mutation has a potential responsibility for ALS in this patient and might be a potential therapeutic target, revealed here by a personalized medicine strategy.
Active Inference in Hebbian Learning Networks (2023)

Abstract This study integrates Hebbian learning and Q-learning within a unified cognitive framework to facilitate efficient decision-making in dynamic environments. By merging these learning paradigms, we emulate human cognitive processes and analyze how various cognitive mechanisms can enhance agent behavior. We compare our approach to the "Active Inference in Hebbian Learning Networks" study, which employs Hebbian learning within active inference (AIF) frameworks for controlling dynamic agents. Their study uses two Hebbian ensembles: a posterior network for inferring latent states from observations and a state transition network for predicting future states based on current state-action pairs. Experimental results in the Mountain Car environment demonstrate that Hebbian AIF outperforms Q-learning, highlighting the efficiency of Hebbian learning without replay buffers. In our approach, Hebbian learning is applied for memory encoding within a cognitive model, enhancing connections between frequently co-activated nodes and transforming sensory input into a storable format. Q-learning is implemented as a reinforcement learning mechanism using a traditional table-based method, integrated with memory retrieval and attentional selection. Our system architecture integrates multiple cognitive mechanisms, including among others memory systems, reinforcement learning, and attentional processes, aiming for adaptive intelligence and efficient decision-making based on feedback and learning. We will present experimental results demonstrating a strong foundation early in the process based on the effectiveness of the agent's performance within a randomized maze environment with dynamical objects. Performance in this environment shows that aspects of this approach may lead to improved computation handling and efficiency in learning and adaptation. We integrate a computational function using Robert Worden's Requirement Equation which is referred to here as the Worden RE Subsystem. We also discuss the impact of distress dynamics on memory encoding and retrieval, highlighting the importance of distress states in cognitive processes. The paper concludes by emphasizing the distinctions and similarities between our approach and the referenced study, highlighting the importance of unsupervised learning and biological plausibility. By incorporating distress states, belief dynamics, and other operations into the learning process, our model attempts a holistic representation of engineered active inference and means to enhance the overall performance and decision-making capabilities of cognitive computing models in complex, real-world environments.
The solution structure of [Ala4]-desdimethylchlamydocin: a 1H n.m.r. relaxation study (1985)

Many fungal peptides exhibit plant toxicity in a host-specific manner. Here we report a proton relaxation and two dimensional (2D) n.m.r. study of the [Ala4]-desdimethyl analogue of the fungal tetrapeptide chlamydocin. Interproton distances calculated from n.m.r. parameters agreed substantially with the corresponding distances in the crystalline form of dihydrochlamydocin. A solution conformational analysis was performed based on n.m.r. distance measurements and φ, ψ, and ω angles of the four residues plus χi rotamer populations. These data support the use of proton relaxation parameters as a basis for accurate solution conformational analysis. As a corollary, the data can also indicate within experimental error that the crystal and solution conformations of chlamydocin and the [Ala4]-desdimethyl analogue, respectively, are identical.
A Novel Format for a Growth Chart (1984)

A novel format for a growth chart is proposed to facilitate early detection of aberrant growth. Normal growth is shown as a horizontal line and any deviation from this indicates abnormal change in growth. The vertical scales show relative height (height SDS) and relative weight (% deviation of weight from the mean weight for height) directly. Weight is recorded against height rather than age.
Immunocytochemical Localization of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Associated Peptide of the LHRH Precursor (1987)

Using specific rabbit anti-GAP (gonadotropin-releasing hormone-associated peptide) serum, we have immunocytochemically localized GAP in the rat brain. Immunostaining of neuronal perikarya, fibers and terminals was demonstrated with GAP antiserum under conditions of tissue preparation which make immunostaining with LHRH antisera difficult or undetectable. GAP-immunoreactive perikarya were observed in sections of perfused or nonperfused brains without colchicine pretreatment. Using a double immunoperoxidase staining method, both GAP and LHRH immunoreactivities were shown to coexist in the same neurons. The common distribution of LHRH and GAP immunoreactivity in the rat brain is strongly supportive of GAP representing the non-LHRH portion of the LHRH precursor. The use of GAP antisera that can distinguish between LHRH and the remaining portion of its prohormone represents a valuable tool for studies of LHRH-prohormone processing and distribution.
MRI Assessment of the Anatomy of Optic Radiations after Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Surgery (1999)

(1) This study confirms a strong correlation between postoperative visual field deficits and the extent of lateral neocortical temporal resection. (2) The anterior limit of Meyer's loop is likely to be located more rostrally than previously believed. (3) Despite this, lateral resection remains useful in some cases for seizure control.
First-in-human dose escalation study of oral ONC201 in advanced solid tumors. (2015)

TPS2623 Background: ONC201 is an orally active first-in-class small molecule with strong antitumor activity in preclinical models of advanced cancers. In cancer cell lines and patient samples ONC201 induces an integrated stress response (Ishizawa et al, 2014), late-stage inactivation of Akt and ERK, and downstream activation of the apoptotic TRAIL pathway as part of innate immune surveillance (Allen J et al, Sci Trans Med, 2013). Activity is independent of p53 status. ONC201 is well tolerated at efficacious doses in animal models, crosses the blood brain barrier, is particularly effective in refractory tumors, depletes cancer stem cells (Ishizawa et al, ASH 2014; Prabhu et al, Blood 2014; Zhao et al, ASCO 2014), and is effective with infrequent dosing preclinically. Based on the compelling efficacy and safety profile of ONC201 as well as the engagement of signaling pathways critical for many cancers, the clinical introduction ONC201 in advanced cancer patients is warranted. Methods: The first-in-human study of ONC201 (NCT02250781) began in January 2015 as an open-label single-site phase I trial enrolling adult patients with refractory advanced solid tumors and glioblastoma (GBM). Patients with symptomatic brain metastases or prior bevacizumab for treatment of GBM are excluded. The primary endpoint is determination of the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of single agent ONC201 given orally once every 3 weeks (1 cycle). Secondary endpoints include assessment of pharmacodynamics using select biomarkers for ONC201 (Allen et al, 2015), pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy. The study employs an accelerated, single patient per cohort, dose escalation design with expansion to a standard 3+3 design if a subject has grade > / = grade 2 toxicity or dose limiting toxicity within cycle 1. The maximum tolerated dose is the highest dose level in which 6 patients have been treated with < / = 1 instance of DLT. A subject in Cohort 1 (125mg) has completed the first cycle of treatment without any > / = grade 2 toxicity. Cohort 2 (250mg) is currently enrolling. This phase I study will identify the RP2D to enable evaluation of the antitumor efficacy of ONC201 in select advanced cancer indications. Clinical trial information: NCT02250781.
Consolidating clients on back-end servers with co-location and frequency control (2006)

No abstract available.
Laser Fluorometric Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn (1979)

A 2-step chromatographic separation, using both thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), in conjunction with the high sensitivity of laser fluorometry permits extension of the detection limits of aflatoxin contamination in corn to 0.1 ppb (microgram/kg) with a 26% root mean square variation. Aflatoxin B1 is extracted from corn with water-methanol and cleaned up by TLC. The recovery of aflatoxin from the TLC plates was linear from 10 to 1000 pg. Aflatoxin B1 is converted to the more highly fluorescent B2A derivative by treatment with 1N HCl. Experiments with aflatoxin B1 standard establish a constant conversion to B2A over approximately 3 orders of magnitude in B1 concentration. An extract of the B2A aflatoxin derivative is injected onto a reverse phase HPLC column. A flowing droplet of eluant is irradiated by an amplitude-modulated 325 nm He-Cd ion laser beam, and fluorescence from the droplet is detected by a lock-in amplifier in phase with the laser modulation. Several chromatograms are presented that demonstrate the capability of this procedure for removing interfering components in the corn extract.
Immersive Audio Coding for Virtual Reality Using a Metadata-assisted Extension of the 3GPP EVS Codec (2019)

Virtual Reality (VR) audio scenes may be composed of a very large number of audio elements, including dynamic audio objects, fixed audio channels and scene-based audio elements such as Higher Order Ambisonics (HOA). Potentially, the subjective listening experience may be replicated using a compact spatial format with a set number of dynamic objects and scene-based elements, retaining only the perceptual essence of the audio scene. The compact format would further enable a reduction in the complexity of subsequent compression and rendering. This paper investigates these hypotheses by exploring the use of a compact format that consists of up to four dynamic objects and nine HOA channels, with the Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) codec being applied to a 4-channel down-mix of the compact format.
SiC power devices for Smart Grid systems (2010)

A Smart Grid with distributed generation is critical for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, current power converters and circuit breakers built with silicon switches are very bulky and inefficient, making their use difficult in practical Smart Grid systems. The development of high voltage power devices based on SiC will be a critical development in building a Smart Grid with distributed and fluctuating sources of power generation. In this paper, the physics and technology of high voltage (> 10 kV) 4H-SiC power devices, namely MOSFETs, IGBTs, and GTOs, are discussed. A detailed review of the current status and trends in these devices is given with respect to materials growth, device design, and the potential future ranges for use.
Selective Wacker type oxidation of a macrocyclic diene to the corresponding monounsaturated ketone used as fragrance (2019)

A selective reaction method for the efficient conversion of an isomeric mixture of 1,9-cyclohexadecadiene (1,9-CHDD) to the corresponding monounsaturated cyclohexadec-8-en-1-one (8-CHD) is described. 8-CHD was synthesized <i>via</i> Wacker type oxidation at room temperature using a highly electrophilic <i>in situ</i> formed dicationic palladium species. Isomerisation of the diene and over-oxidation of the substrate could be nearly suppressed by suitable reaction control, which has a positive effect on selectivity. The utilization of molecular oxygen as a green oxidant and environmentally benign iron(iii) salts as co-catalysts was successfully applied. This reaction strategy is promising to overcome the low overall reactivity of internal olefins in Wacker type oxidations. In addition, larger scale experiments showed further potential for industrial application.