gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outage Analysis of Mixed Underlay Cognitive RF MIMO and FSO Relaying With Interference Reduction (2017)

In this paper, we study the outage performance of multiuser mixed underlay radio frequency (RF)/multidestinations free-space optical (FSO) links. For RF links, we consider a secondary network with multiple users that can communicate with multiple destinations through a relaying node. The relay is equipped with an antenna array at the RF side, and it uses the amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol. The primary users (PUs) are equipped with multiple antennas at transmit and receive nodes. The RF link is subjected to the aggregate PUs interference effect on the secondary network. To reduce the effect of PUs interference on secondary network at the relay node, two interference cancellation (IC) schemes are adopted, which vary in terms of complexity and achieved performance. On the other hand, the multidestination FSO links can be exploited to further enhance the quality of the second hop, and their associated channel models account for pointing errors, intensity modulation/direct detection, and heterodyne detection. For the aforementioned system model, we obtain exact and asymptotic closed-form expressions for the end-to-end outage probability. To further enhance system performance, optimal power allocation between the two hops is obtained based on the derived asymptotic outage probability expressions.
Evaluation of drug‐eluting stents' coating durability—Clinical and regulatory implications (2009)

Drug-eluting stents (DES) revolutionized cardiovascular treatment by virtually eliminating in-stent restanosis. However, in the past 3 years the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and published studies have raised several safety issues regarding DES such as late state thrombosis and increased mortality. Recent publications have described DES coating delaminating, cracking, and peeling in commercially available stents. It has been suggested that these properties are responsible for the deleterious effects. The goal of this work is to describe a quantitative in vitro durability tests for DES, referred to as Quantified Defects (QD). The technique was implemented on various stent polymer-coated models to determine its ability to differentiate between coating properties. Stents' coating defects were tested using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and a micro-balance. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for measuring drug release. Stents were incubated at either 37 or 60 degrees C and sampled at 0, 3, and 30 days. Stent coating durability was tested using stainless steel control stents versus stents having increased surface adhesion, both of which were then coated with conventional spray-coating methods. Drug-coated stents tested for defects demonstrated a deteriorating durability profile as reflected by QD indices. Different coating models showed unique QD indices that reflected their superior or inferior coating durability. These results indicated that the methodology was able to differentiate between different models. In conclusion, this simple low-cost testing methodology can be easily used during DES development, with either durable or biodegradable polymers.
Cure of metastatic human colonic cancer in mice with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody fragments. (2000)

There is currently no method to cure patients with disseminated colorectal cancer, which is the third leading cancer killer in the Western World. This report shows that the GW-39 intrapulmonary micrometastatic human colonic cancer model in nude mice can be cured with radiolabeled antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen, and that this approach of radioimmunotherapy is superior to conventional chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV). Monovalent Fab fragments labeled with 131I are superior to intact IgG when survival was evaluated 3, 7, and 14 days after implantation, leading to cures in up to 90% of the mice. Histological results provide support for the differences in therapeutic efficacy observed. Microautoradiography was used to evaluate the intratumoral distribution of each form of antibody. The enhanced tumor control by Fab compared with IgG could be explained in part by the homogeneity of radioantibody distribution of Fab. Biodistribution analysis and initial dose rate calculations for all three forms of antibody also help explain the ability of 131I-labeled Fab to provide better tumor growth control than seen with 131I-labeled IgG. Thus, radioimmunotherapy may be a new modality to treat metastatic disease, particularly when using small antibody fragments.
Conduction band symmetry in Ta chalcogenides from Ta L edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) (1981)

The authors report measurements of the X-ray absorption spectra near the Ta L edges of different polytypes of TaS2 and TaSe2 and TaSe3. Analysis of structure seen near the absorption edges and associated with transitions from well defined core levels to conduction band states has enabled the extent of the p character of the predominantly d character conduction band to be probed. The results show that conduction band in the Ta chalcogenides studies has a significant amount of p character, and a lower limit of between 6 and 10% has been determined. The amount of p character varies between the various compounds in the following way: 1T-TaS2<TaSe3<2H-TaS2 approximately 1T-TaSe2<2H-TaSe2. The Ta X-ray absorption edges have also been monitored during and after intercalation of the chalcogenides with hydrazine. Small changes in p character are observed and the results indicate that intercalation modifies the conduction band, not only through charge transfer but more significantly through changes in hybridisation of the band.
Uric Acid, Heart Failure Survival, and the Impact of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition (2011)

Increasing evidence suggests that serum uric acid (UA), a product of xanthine oxidase (XO), may be a useful marker for metabolic, hemodynamic, and functional staging in heart failure (HF) and a valid predictor of survival in HF patients. Recent data support an expanded role for UA and the XO pathway in the pathogenesis of HF, as studies have shown that an elevation in the enzymatic activity of XO can lead to increases in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and reduced myocardial function. Numerous population studies have previously reported that elevated UA levels are an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality, and recent evidence suggests that lowering serum levels of UA may lead to improved outcomes in HF patients. The question of whether UA is only a marker rather than a causal factor in the pathogenesis of HF remains. Regardless of whether UA levels are ready for routine clinical use, either as a prognostic factor or novel therapeutic target, further prospective studies are necessary to demonstrate that routine measurement or reduction of UA levels improves outcomes in HF patients.
Abstract 10762: Inositol Triphosphate Receptor Activation Provides Inotropic Support to Human Ventricular Myocytes (2012)

Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum via inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) regulate the growth and fate of human cardiac stem cells, but whether IP3Rs are operative in the derive...
Epigenetic-based cancer therapeutics: new potential HDAC8 inhibitors (2020)

Designing dual small molecule inhibitors against enzymes associated with cancer has turned into a new strategy in cancer chemotherapy. Targeting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, involved in epigenetic modifications, are considered as promising treatments for a wide range of cancers, due to their association with the initiation, proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. In this study, for the first time, the dual inhibitors of the histone deacetylases 8 (HDAC8) and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) has introduced as novel potential candidates for epigenetic-based cancer therapeutics. This research has been facilitated by employing pharmacophore-based virtual screening of ZINC and Maybridge databases, as well as performing molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and free binding energy calculation on the top derived compound. Results have demonstrated that the suggested compounds not only adopt highly favorable conformations but also possess strong binding interaction with the HDAC8 enzyme. Additionally, the obtained results from the experimental assay confirmed the predicted behavior of inhibitors from virtual screening. These results can be used for further optimization to yield promising more effective candidates for the treatment of cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Near-to-Near Transformation in Axisymmetrical Antenna Problems (2007)

Expressions for effective near-to-near (NTN) transformation of fields in structures of axial symmetry are presented. The results are applicable in the problems of axisymmetrical antenna feeds working in non-axisymmetrical reflector environment. The solution of the problem is based on an extension of the exact integration procedure for vector potentials of thin circular loop antennas, published previously by Werner. The Werner's procedure is used directly to calculate contribution of components of the equivalent currents at the Huygens surface surrounding the antenna. New formulas are provided for the contribution of and current components. The accuracy of the present approach is verified against the results obtained by direct numerical integration in the 3-D space. Asymptotic behavior of the NTN transformation for large distances is also compared to the known results of the near-to-far transformation.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Photolytically Generated Radical Ion Pairs in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Bearing Surface-Immobilized Tetrathiafulvalenes (2007)

We succeeded in establishing for the first time a conclusive spectroscopic signature for reduced single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT), which evolves from electron donor-acceptor interactions between SWNT and electron-donating pi-extended tetrathiafulvalene (exTTF). In particular, pi-pi interactions were employed to anchor the electron donor to the surface of SWNT. New conduction band electrons, injected from photoexcited exTTF, shift the transitions that are associated with the van Hove singularities to lower energies.
ChemInform Abstract: New Redox‐Responsive Cryptands Containing Tetrathiafulvalene Units. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Overview of Metal CVD (1994)

This chapter contains sections titled: Inhuductim Classification of Precutsors Blanket Deposition: Reaction Pathways Selective Deposition Overall Reactor Behavior Precursor Delivery Reactor Types: Hot-Wall and Cold-Wall Boundary Layers; Feed-Rate-, Surface- Reaction-, and Diff usion-Limited Operation; and Temperature and Pressure Dependencies of Rate Homogeneous Gas-Phase Reactions and Particle Formation Conclusions and Future Directions
Control Of A Biped Somersault In 3D (2005)

The somersault is a maneuver in which a performer jumps into the air and rotates through 360 degrees before landing on the ground. The somersault is challenging to execute because the performer has limited control over the body while airborne. Despite conservation of momentum con- straints, limited control of such a maneuver during flight is possible. We experiment with the use of an in flight feedback strategy to control the somer- sault landing of a biped robot. In flight, the robot manipulates its rotation rate by tucking its legs to control the landing attitude. Results from somer- sault experiments in the laboratory provide initial verification of the control strategy.
Coherent Vibrational Wavepacket Dynamics in Platinum(II) Dimers and Their Implications (2018)

Vibrational coherence in the metal–metal-to-ligand-charge transfer (MMLCT) excited state of cyclometalated platinum dimers with a pseudo C2 symmetry was investigated where two nearly degenerate transitions from the highest occupied molecular orbital (metal–metal σ* orbital) to higher energy ligand π* orbitals could be simultaneously induced. We observed oscillatory features in femtosecond degenerate transient absorption (TA) signals from complexes [(ppy)Pt(μ-tBu2pz)]2 (1) and anti-[(ppy)Pt(μ-pyt)]2 (2), which are attributed to coherent nuclear motions that modulate the HOMO (antibonding σ*) energy level, and hence, the energy for the MMLCT transition. The characteristics of such coherent nuclear motions, such as the oscillatory frequency and the dephasing time, differ between 1 and 2 and are explained by mainly two structural factors that could influence the vibrational coherence: the Pt–Pt distance (2.97 Å for 1 vs 2.85 Å for 2) and molecular shape (1 in an "A" frame vs 2 in an "H" frame). Because the electronic coupling between the two Pt atoms determines the energy splitting of the bonding σ and antibonding σ* orbital, the Pt–Pt stretching mode coupled to the MMLCT transition changes the inter Pt distance from that of the ground state. Interestingly, while 1 shows a single Pt–Pt stretching frequency of 120 cm–1 in the MMLCT state, 2 exhibits multiple downshifted frequencies (80 and 105 cm–1) in the MMLCT state along with a shorter vibrational dephasing time than 1. Based on the ground state optimized structures and Raman calculations, the changes evident in the vibrational wavepacket dynamics in 2 are closely correlated with the "H" framed geometry in 2 compared to the "A" frame in 1, leading to the sharp increase in π–π interaction between ppy ligands. Although the TA experiments do not directly reveal the ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) because of a strong coherent spike at early time scales, the dependence of the vibrational wavepacket dynamics on molecular geometry can be understood based on previously proposed potential energy surfaces as a function of Pt–Pt distance, suggesting that the interaction between the cyclometalating ligands can be a key factor in determining the Pt–Pt shortening and the related energy relaxation dynamics in the Pt(II) dimers. Further experiments using femtosecond broadband TA and X-ray scattering spectroscopy are planned to investigate directly the ISC and Pt–Pt contraction to support the relationship between ground state molecular geometry and photoinduced structural changes in the Pt(II) dimers.
A Multiply-and-Accumulate Array for Machine Learning Applications Based on a 3D Nanofabric Flow (2021)

To keep pushing Moores law cadence and improve integrated circuits area, delay, and power, novel fabrication schemes such as parallel and monolithic 3D integration have been recently proposed. While parallel 3D does not enable very fine-grained vertical connections, monolithic 3D currently only offers a limited number of transistor tiers due to the high cost of the additional masks and processing steps. In our previous work, we introduced a novel 3D integration scheme called 3D Nanofabric. Inspired by the 3D NAND flash process, the flow consists of N identical vertical tiers where multiple vertical layers can be patterned at once, reducing the manufacturing cost significantly. In this paper, we propose to use our 3D Nanofabric flow to design low-footprint Multiply-And-Accumulate units (MAC). As a MAC unit can be designed using a regular array organization, we show how it can be spread across multiple vertical layers using the 3D Nanofabric flow, while respecting the different layout constraints. Through circuit-level evaluations, we show that for a 64-input bit multiplier, the area and area-delay-product are decreased by 21.0x and 16.7x, respectively, compared to a traditional 2D implementation using a 28nm FDSOI technology, with only a 43% energy overhead. Additionally, we show how to build a systolic 3D MAC array aimed at convolutional neural networks. Through architectural evaluations, we demonstrate that when running VGG-16, our 3D MAC array can improve the TOPs/mm2 by 2.8x compared to a TPU-like 2D systolic array.
Annealing Between Distributions by Averaging Moments (2014)

Many powerful Monte Carlo techniques for estimating partition functions, such as annealed importance sampling (AIS), are based on sampling from a sequence of intermediate distributions which interpolate between a tractable initial distribution and the intractable target distribution. The near-universal practice is to use geometric averages of the initial and target distributions, but alternative paths can perform substantially better. We present a novel sequence of intermediate distributions for exponential families defined by averaging the moments of the initial and target distributions. We analyze the asymptotic performance of both the geometric and moment averages paths and derive an asymptotically optimal piecewise linear schedule. AIS with moment averaging performs well empirically at estimating partition functions of restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs), which form the building blocks of many deep learning models, including Deep Belief Networks and Deep Boltzmann Machines. Joint work with Roger Grosse and Chris Maddison. References: Annealing between Distributions by Averaging Moments. Roger Grosse, Chris Maddison, and Ruslan Salakhutdinov. In Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS 27) www.cs.toronto.edu/~rsalakhu/papers/nips2013_moment.pdf
Computational Modeling of Carotid Bruits (2020)

The sound generated by diseased carotid arteries was investigated through computational means using three-dimensional, idealized, stenosed carotid bifurcation models. Stenosis levels of 50% and 70% with axi-symmetric and asymmetric stenosis shapes were considered. The hemodynamic flow field was obtained by solving the incompressible, Navier-Stokes equations. The resulting pressure fluctuations at the vessel walls were then used as input for a linearized wave equation for the propagation of vibrations through the modeled surrounding tissue. As observed in prior studies, the sound spectra obtained at the tissue surface indicate a 'break frequency', i.e. a frequency beyond which there is a drop-off in sound spectra intensity. This frequency was found to scale with stenosis diameter and average velocity at the stenosis throat, provided the stenosis shape remained the same. This has important implications on past attempts to estimate stenosis diameter from the break frequency.
A New Analytical Method of &#947;/&#947;' Morphology in Single Crystal Ni-Base Superalloys: For New Orientation of Damage and Remaining Life Assessment (2008)

This paper focused on / ' morphological changes in a single crystal Ni-base superalloy, CMSX-4, induced by monotonic plastic straining and cyclic fatigue loadings. It was shown by a series of experiments that an application of the monotonic straining at R.T. and the subsequent heat treatment at high temperature resulted in a directional coarsening of / ' microstructure, depending on the sign, magnitude and history of strain. A critical strain was found to be needed to build up the microstructural changes. Not only monotonic but also cyclic loadings could induce similar changes in the / ' microstructures. These changes have been summarized in tables. In order to quantify the / ' morphologies, a new method, named by Cluster-Method, was proposed, where the degree of the coarsening and the directional coarsening can be displayed on an original 2dimensional diagram. This method successfully evaluated various types of / ' microstructures. Furthermore, this method may provide us new potentials for both the stress field detection and the remaining life analysis of superalloy components in service.
Focal accumulation of aromaticity at the CDRH3 loop mitigates 4E10 polyreactivity without altering its HIV neutralization profile (2021)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 are frequently associated with the presence of autoreactivity/polyreactivity, a property that can limit their use as therapeutic agents. The bnAb 4E10, targeting the conserved Membrane proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1, displays almost pan-neutralizing activity across globally circulating HIV-1 strains but exhibits nonspecific off-target interactions with lipid membranes. The hydrophobic apex of the third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain (CDRH3) loop, which is essential for viral neutralization, critically contributes to this detrimental effect. Here, we have replaced the aromatic/hydrophobic residues from the apex of the CDRH3 of 4E10 with a single aromatic molecule through chemical modification to generate a variant that preserves the neutralization potency and breadth of 4E10 but with reduced autoreactivity. Collectively, our study suggests that the localized accumulation of aromaticity by chemical modification provides a pathway to ameliorate the adverse effects triggered by the CDRH3 of anti-HIV-1 MPER bnAbs.
Recent Advances in the Understanding of Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance in Noctuid Pests (2021)

Noctuid moths are among the most devastating crop pests on the planet [...].
Detection of Vacancy Distributions by Decoration with Hydrogen (2009)

A well-known method for the determination of vacancy distributions in silicon is based on the decoration of vacancies with in-diffused platinum and subsequent profiling of the Pt-distribution with DLTS analysis. The vacancy profile can then be correlated with the substitutional Pt profile. However, there are significant drawbacks of this method: The in-diffusion of platinum is a high-temperature step, which already can alter the vacancy profile; moreover, DLTS measurements with a suitable depth resolution are time-consuming and difficult. Therefore, it is proposed in this paper to decorate the vacancies with hydrogen by processes finally resulting in the formation of vacancy- and hydrogen-related donor and acceptor states. The determination of such doping profiles and by this the detection of vacancy distributions can be easily enabled by depth-resolved spreading resistance measurements with a very good spatial resolution. Hydrogen atoms for the decoration of vacancies can be incorporated by plasma exposure or ion implantation.
Organoclick: Applied Eco‐Friendly and Metal‐Free Catalysis for Wood and Fiber Modifications (2016)

This chapter provides a brief background to the research area of organocatalysis with respect to wood and fiber modification. It focuses on some of the examples of industrially produced materials from the chemical company OrganoClick AB, which employ organocatalytic reactions for modification, and to add new or improved functionalities to wood and natural fiber materials. The biomimetic activation of organic compounds via fundamental activation mechanisms is key in our efforts to create new functionally modified wood or fiber materials. There has been extensive research on the cross-linking of polysaccharides. The most common methods apply inorganic acids as catalysts for the cross-linking of the polysaccharide chains with low-molecular cross-linking agents, which are actually not eco-friendly. The novel materials could be of interest for the printing- or cellulose-based packaging industries. The OrganoWood process is based on mimicking the natural fossilization process in which wood is slowly transformed into mineral.
The role of vascular myoglobin in nitrite-mediated blood vessel relaxation (2010)

Myoglobin is present in the murine vasculature and contributes significantly to nitrite-induced vasodilation.