gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy efficiency and de-carbonization improvements using court-yarded clustered housing with Compressed Earth Blocks’ envelope (2022)

Representing more than half of the Egyptian cities’ land use, housing is a major contributor to energy consumption and carbon emissions. What can be called; the 5th generation of Egyptian sustainable urban settlements is evaluated in this research. The potential of new housing typology arranged around courtyards with earth construction envelope to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon footprints. For a south-east oriented apartments, the energy performance simulation of conventional detached and clustered attached housing with different envelope materials are compared. Results show that the clustered housing paradigm, accompanied with the Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) envelope, reduced cooling loads during summer by 15.6%, annual energy consumption by 8.5% and 11.6% of carbon emissions compared to the conventional case of detached housing and Solid Cement Blocks (SCB) envelope. The study demonstrates the significance of employing such passive design strategies on improving sustainability measures, along with spotting a light on the character of such urban housing typology as another coin side.
Load-Balancing Multipath Switching System with Flow Slice (2010)

Multipath Switching systems (MPS) are intensely used in state-of-the-art core routers to provide terabit or even petabit switching capacity. One of the most intractable issues in designing MPS is how to load balance traffic across its multiple paths while not disturbing the intraflow packet orders. Previous packet-based solutions either suffer from delay penalties or lead to O(N^2 ) hardware complexity, hence do not scale. Flow-based hashing algorithms also perform badly due to the heavy-tailed flow-size distribution. In this paper, we develop a novel scheme, namely, Flow Slice (FS) that cuts off each flow into flow slices at every intraflow interval larger than a slicing threshold and balances the load on a finer granularity. Based on the studies of tens of real Internet traces, we show that setting a slicing threshold of 1-4 {\rm ms}, the FS scheme achieves comparative load-balancing performance to the optimal one. It also limits the probability of out-of-order packets to a negligible level (10^{ - 6}) on three popular MPSes at the cost of little hardware complexity and an internal speedup up to two. These results are proven by theoretical analyses and also validated through trace-driven prototype simulations.
The transport of water through latex films (1973)

Abstract Upon drying, latexes are transformed from milky, colloidal dispersions to transparent, continuous films in which the contours of individual coalesced particles can still be discerned. Upon ageing at room temperature, however, these latex films undergo a further gradual coalescence in which the particle contours gradually disappear and any imcompatible substances (e.g., emulsifer) are exuded to the surface. With this point of view in mind, the rate of drying at 72°CF and 50% RH was measured for three copolymer latexes: 70:30 vinylidene chloride‐ n ‐butyl acrylate, 67:33 ethyl acrylate‐methyl methacrylate, 67:33 styrene‐butadiene. The drying process can be divided into three stages: (1) an initial constant rate stage which persists to 60–75 vol% polymer; (2) an intermediate stage in which the rate drops off rapidly to a value 10–20 times smaller; (3) a final stage in which the rate is very much smaller and decreases very slowly with time. These stages can be correlated with the mechanism of film formation: (1) in the first stage, the particles move about with their characteristic Brownian motion, and the water evaporates from the latex at the same rate as for pure water or dilute emulsifier solution; (2) the intermediate stage begins when the particles come into irreversible contact with one another and ends with their coalescence to form a continuous film: during this stage the rate of water evaporation decreases because the water‐air interfacial area is decreasing; (3) in the final stage, the water remaining in the film escapes by diffusion, either through capillary channels between the deformed spheres or through the polymer itself. Measurement of the liquid water and water vapor transmission rates of latex film samples, taken either at the end of the intermediate stage or after sufficient ageing to ensure completion of the further gradual coalescence, showed that the rate of water loss in the final stage is initially representative of diffusion through capillary channels, but slowly and asymptotically approaches a value representative of diffusion through the polymer, presumably reaching it within the time required for completion of the further gradual coalescence (about 14 days for these copolymers). The values obtained for the three copolymers are 6.2 × 10 −7 , 2.9 × 10 −5 , and 4.4 × 10 −5 g‐mil/min/cm 2 , respectively, in reasonable agreement with values reported in the literature for similar but not identical polymers. The values for the liquid water and water vapor transmission rates were the same.
Metacomputing for Directly Computable Multiphysics Models (2023)

Abstract When it comes to multiphysics modeling and simulation, the ever-improving advances of computational technologies have forced the user to manage higher resource complexity while at the same time they are motivating the modeling of more complex systems than before. Consequently, the time for the user’s iterations within the context space characterizing all choices required for a successful computation far exceeds the time required for the runtime software execution to produce acceptable results. This paper presents metacomputing as an approach to address this issue, starting with describing this high-dimensional context space. Then it highlights the abstract process of multiphysics model generation/solution and proposes performing top-down and bottom-up metacomputing. In the top-down approach, metacomputing is used for automating the process of generating theories, raising the semantic dimensionality of these theories in higher dimensional algebraic systems that enable simplification of the equational representation, and raising the syntactic dimensionality of equational representation from 1D equational forms to 2D and 3D algebraic solution graphs that reduce solving to path-following. In the bottom-up approach, already existing legacy codes evolving over multiple decades are encapsulated at the bottom layer of a multilayer semantic framework that utilizes category theory based operations on specifications to enable the user to spend time only for defining the physics of the relevant problem and not have to deal with the rest of the details involved in deploying and executing the solution of the problem at hand. Consequently, these two metacomputing approaches enable the automated generation, composition, deployment, and execution of directly computable multiphysics models.
Grabbing real light: toward virtual presence. (2011)

Realistic lighting of virtual scenes has been a widely researched domain for decades. Many recent methods for realistic rendering make extensive use of image-based lighting, in which a real lighting environment is captured and reused to light virtual objects. How-ever, the capture of such lighting environments usually requires still scenes and specific capture hardware such as high end digital cam-eras and mirror balls. In this paper we introduce a simple solution for the capture of plausible environment maps using one of the most widely used capture device: a simple webcam. In order to be ap-plied efficiently, the captured environment data is then filtered us-ing graphics hardware according to the reflectance functions of the virtual surfaces. As the limited aperture of the webcam does not allow the capture of the entire environment, we propose a simple method for extrapolating the incoming lighting outside the web-cam range, yielding a full estimate of the incoming lighting for any direction in space. Our solution can be applied to direct lighting of virtual objects in all virtual reality applications such as virtual worlds, games etc. Also, using either environment map combina-tion or semi-automatic light source extraction, our method can be used as a lighting design tool integrated for post-production.
Network and domain autoconfiguration: a unified approach for large dynamic networks (2005)

Configuration management is critical to correct and efficient operation of large networks. Where the users and networks are dynamic and ad hoc, manual configuration quickly becomes too complex. The combination of the sheer number of nodes with heterogeneity and dynamics makes it almost impossible for the system administrator to ensure good configuration or even correct operation. To achieve the vision of pervasive computing, nodes must automatically discover their environment and self-configure, then automatically reconfigure to adapt to changes. Protocols such as DHCP, DDNS, and mDNS provide some degree of host autoconfiguration, but network administrators must still configure information such as address pools, routing protocols, and OSPF routing areas. Only limited progress has been made in automating the configuration of routers, servers, and network topology. We propose the first unified attempt to combine both self-configuration of much of the host, router, and server information with automatic generation and maintenance of hierarchy under the same algorithmic framework. Testbed implementations show the approach is practical, while simulations reveal its scalability, rapidity, and efficiency with respect to network performance.
RF modelling and characterization of a tyre pressure monitoring system (2007)

This paper focuses on the full RF-modelling of the tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS) operating in the ISM- band at frequencies of 315 MHz and 434 MHz. The main objective is the prediction of the static behaviour of such a system by evaluating the power transmitted from the wheel unit to the receiver placed in the car. The RF modelling procedure for the entire system considering the most significant components as the vehicle, tyres, rims, wheel unit and the receiver is shown and discussed. The modelling and the numerical computations have been made with the software package FEKO based on the method of moments. (6 pages)
Reconfigurable nanophotonics using ultrafast photomodulation and phase change materials (2020)

Materials with switchable optical characteristics can enable new types of optical technology that can be tuned or reprogrammed after fabrication. Here, I will present recent results on controlling light on a chip using tunable and programmable materials. New perturbative concepts for altering the flow of light in silicon integrated photonic circuits were initially developed in our lab through ultrafast photomodulation of the silicon waveguide itself. Implementation of reprogrammable photonics using the perturbation approach are now made possible by integrating phase change materials onto the silicon photonics platform. In particular I will be presenting the first results on a new family of new low-loss phase change materials for reconfigurable nanophotonic devices.
Phase Separated Methylated Polybenzimidazole (O‐PBI) Based Anion Exchange Membranes (2015)

Methylated polybenzimidazole (O‐PBI) based anion exchange membranes with a degree of methylation of ca. 78% were prepared in the iodide, chloride, carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide form. Swelling in water showed a high anisotropy for chloride and carbonate exchanged membranes and a strong plasticizing effect of water was confirmed by DMA. Carbonate and bicarbonate exchanged membranes revealed an ionomer peak around 0.25 Å − 1 in SAXS measurements suggesting a phase separated morphology. Theoretical DFT calculations were used to characterize geometries and electronic structure of polymer models and interactions with different anions, and to rationalize the water uptake/swelling behavior.
Cas9-AAV6 gene correction of beta-globin in autologous HSCs improves sickle cell disease erythropoiesis in mice (2021)

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated beta-globin (HBB) gene correction of sickle cell disease (SCD) patient-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in combination with autologous transplantation represents a recent paradigm in gene therapy. Although several Cas9-based HBB-correction approaches have been proposed, functional correction of in vivo erythropoiesis has not been investigated previously. Here, we use a humanized globin-cluster SCD mouse model to study Cas9-AAV6-mediated HBB-correction in functional HSCs within the context of autologous transplantation. We discover that long-term multipotent HSCs can be gene corrected ex vivo and stable hemoglobin-A production can be achieved in vivo from HBB-corrected HSCs following autologous transplantation. We observe a direct correlation between increased HBB-corrected myeloid chimerism and normalized in vivo red blood cell (RBC) features, but even low levels of chimerism resulted in robust hemoglobin-A levels. Moreover, this study offers a platform for gene editing of mouse HSCs for both basic and translational research.
On a rewriting strategy for dynamically managing power constraints and power dissipation in SoCs (2013)

We present a novel and highly automated technique for dynamic system level power management of System-on-a-Chip (SoC) designs. We present a formal system to represent power constraints and power intent as rules. We also present a Term Rewriting Systems based rule rewriting engine as our dynamic power manager. We provide a notion of formal correctness of our rule engine execution and provide a robust algorithm to dynamically and automatically manage power consumption in large SoC designs. There are two fundamental building blocks at the core of our technique. First, we present a powerful formal system to capture power constraints and power intent as rules. This is a self-checking system and will automatically flag conflicting constraints or rules. Next, we present a rewriting strategy for managing power constraint rules using a formal deductive logic technique specially honed for dynamic power management of SoC designs. Together, this provides a common platform and representation to seamlessly cooperate between hardware and software constraints to achieve maximum platform power optimization dynamically during execution. We demonstrate our technique in multiple contexts on an SoC design of the state-of-the-art next generation Intel smartphone platform.
A Possible Mechanism for Selection of Virulent Avian Influenza A Viruses in 14-Day-Old Embryonated Eggs. (1998)

The emergence of virulent avian influenza viruses in poultry is unpredictable. To gain insight into the mechanism of this event, we previously examined the possible role of older (14-day-old) embryonated eggs, in which virulent mutants were preferably selected (Horimoto and Kawaoka, Virology 206: 755-759, 1995). However, it is unknown why virulent mutants replicate predominantly in older eggs. In the present study, we compared protease activities responsible for cleavage activation of the hemagglutinin (HA) in allantoic fluids in 10-day and 14-day-old eggs. In vitro assays showed that the protease activities were stronger in the 14-day-old than 10-day-old eggs. The allantoic fluids with strong protease activity degraded HA. These results indicate that replication of avirulent viruses is hampered in older eggs, while that of virulent viruses whose HAs are activated by other intracellular proteases was not, possibly leading to a replicative advantage for virulent mutants in the older eggs.
Processing data communications events by awakening threads in parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer (2023)

Processing data communications events in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer that includes compute nodes that execute a parallel application, with the PAMI including data communications endpoints, and the endpoints are coupled for data communications through the PAMI and through other data communications resources, including determining by an advance function that there are no actionable data communications events pending for its context, placing by the advance function its thread of execution into a wait state, waiting for a subsequent data communications event for the context; responsive to occurrence of a subsequent data communications event for the context, awakening by the thread from the wait state; and processing by the advance function the subsequent data communications event now pending for the context.
Occurrence of elemental sulphur in capers (Capparis spinosa L.) and first investigation of the flavour profile (1992)

Abstract As a result of a positive response to a dithiocarbamate test, the sulphur content of caper volatiles has been investigated by GC‐MS. In addition to sulphides, isothiocyanates and other flavour molecules, elemental sulphur (S 8 ) was identified for the first time in a non‐processed food. This paper presents the primary description of the aromatic bud which is widely consumed in Mediterranean countries. The organoleptic profiles of uncommon thiocyanates, nitriles and of the elemental sulphur are presented.
Phase 1 study of PSMA ADC, an antibody‐drug conjugate targeting prostate‐specific membrane antigen, in chemotherapy‐refractory prostate cancer (2019)

In an extensively pretreated mCRPC population, PSMA ADC demonstrated acceptable toxicity. Antitumor activity was observed over dose ranges up to and including 2.5 mg/kg. The observed anti-tumor activity supported further evaluation of this novel agent for the treatment of advanced metastatic prostate cancer.
Enhanced Thromboresistance and Endothelialization of a Novel Fluoropolymer-Coated Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device (2023)

The FP-WM device showed significantly less thrombus and reduced inflammation in a challenging canine model. Mechanistic studies indicated that the fluoropolymer-coated device binds more albumin, leading to reduced platelet binding, less inflammation, and greater EC.
Synthesis of α-Arylcarboxylic Acid Amides from Silyl Enol Ether via Migratory Amidation with 2-Azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium Hexafluorophosphate (2013)

Abstract α-Arylcarboxylic acid amides were synthesized by reacting silyl enol ethers of aryl ketones and 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate (ADMP, 1). Silyl enol ethers react with ADMP 1 to give N-(α-arylacyl)guanidines via the migration of aryl groups in enol ethers. The products were transformed to the corresponding α-aryl acetamides by treating with LiAlH4.
Neurodegeneration and Unfolded-Protein Response in Mice Expressing a Membrane-Tethered Flexible Tail of PrP (2015)

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) consists of a flexible N-terminal tail (FT, aa 23-128) hinged to a membrane-anchored globular domain (GD, aa 129-231). Ligation of the GD with antibodies induces rapid neurodegeneration, which is prevented by deletion or functional inactivation of the FT. Therefore, the FT is an allosteric effector of neurotoxicity. To explore its mechanism of action, we generated transgenic mice expressing the FT fused to a GPI anchor, but lacking the GD (PrPΔ141-225, or "FTgpi"). Here we report that FTgpi mice develop a progressive, inexorably lethal neurodegeneration morphologically and biochemically similar to that triggered by anti-GD antibodies. FTgpi was mostly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it triggered a conspicuous unfolded protein response specifically activating the PERK pathway leading to phosphorylation of eIF2α and upregulation of CHOP ultimately leading to neurodegeration similar to what was observed in prion infection.
Design intent optimization at the beyond 7nm node: the intersection of DTCO and EUVL stochastic mitigation techniques (2017)

The initial readiness of EUV patterning was demonstrated in 2016 with IBM Alliance's 7nm device technology. The focus has now shifted to driving the 'effective' k1 factor and enabling the second generation of EUV patterning. Thus, Design Technology Co-optimization (DTCO) has become a critical part of technology enablement as scaling has become more challenging and the industry pushes the limits of EUV lithography. The working partnership between the design teams and the process development teams typically involves an iterative approach to evaluate the manufacturability of proposed designs, subsequent modifications to those designs and finally a design manual for the technology. While this approach has served the industry well for many generations, the challenges at the Beyond 7nm node require a more efficient approach. In this work, we describe the use of “Design Intent” lithographic layout optimization where we remove the iterative component of DTCO and replace it with an optimization that achieves both a “patterning friendly” design and minimizes the well-known EUV stochastic effects. Solved together, this “design intent” approach can more quickly achieve superior lithographic results while still meeting the original device’s functional specifications. <br/> <br/> Specifically, in this work we will demonstrate “design intent” optimization for critical BEOL layers using design tolerance bands to guide the source mask co-optimization. The design tolerance bands can be either supplied as part of the original design or derived from some basic rules. Additionally, the EUV stochastic behavior is mitigated by enhancing the image log slope (ILS) for specific key features as part of the overall optimization. We will show the benefit of the “design intent approach” on both bidirectional and unidirectional 28nm min pitch standard logic layouts and compare the more typical iterative SMO approach. Thus demonstrating the benefit of allowing the design to float within the specified range. Lastly, we discuss how the evolution of this approach could lead to layout optimization based entirely on some minimal set of functional requirements and process constraints.
Co-variations of cerebral blood volume and single neurons discharge during resting state and visual cognitive tasks in non-human primates (2023)

To better understand how the brain allows primates to perform various sets of tasks, the ability to simultaneously record neural activity at multiple spatiotemporal scales is challenging but necessary. However, the contribution of single-unit activities (SUAs) to neurovascular activity remains to be fully understood. Here, we combine functional ultrasound imaging of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and SUA recordings in visual and fronto-medial cortices of behaving macaques. We show that SUA provides a significant estimate of the neurovascular response below the typical fMRI spatial resolution of 2mm<sup>3</sup>. Furthermore, our results also show that SUAs and CBV activities are statistically uncorrelated during the resting state but correlate during tasks. These results have important implications for interpreting functional imaging findings while one constructs inferences of SUA during resting state or tasks.