gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroscientific therapies for atrial fibrillation (2021)

The cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an integral role in normal cardiac physiology as well as in disease states that cause cardiac arrhythmias. The cardiac ANS, comprised of a complex neural hierarchy in a nested series of interacting feedback loops, regulates atrial electrophysiology and is itself susceptible to remodelling by atrial rhythm. In light of the challenges of treating atrial fibrillation (AF) with conventional pharmacologic and myoablative techniques, increasingly interest has begun to focus on targeting the cardiac neuraxis for AF. Strong evidence from animal models and clinical patients demonstrates that parasympathetic and sympathetic activity within this neuraxis may trigger AF, and the ANS may either induce atrial remodelling or undergo remodelling itself to serve as a substrate for AF. Multiple nexus points within the cardiac neuraxis are therapeutic targets, and neuroablative and neuromodulatory therapies for AF include ganglionated plexus ablation, epicardial botulinum toxin injection, vagal nerve (tragus) stimulation, renal denervation, stellate ganglion block/resection, baroreceptor activation therapy, and spinal cord stimulation. Pre-clinical and clinical studies on these modalities have had promising results and are reviewed here.
Interpolation and multiple attenuation with migration operators (2003)

Abstract A hyperbolic Radon transform (RT) can be applied with success to attenuate or interpolate hyperbolic events in seismic data. However, this method fails when the hyperbolic events have apexes located at nonzero offset positions. A different RT operator is required for these cases, an operator that scans for hyperbolas with apexes centered at any offset. This procedure defines an extension of the standard hyperbolic RT with hyperbolic basis functions located at every point of the data gather. The mathematical description of such an operator is basically similar to a kinematic poststack time-migration equation, with the horizontal coordinate being not midpoint but offset. In this paper, this transformation is implemented by using a least-squares conjugate gradient algorithm with a sparseness constraint. Two different operators are considered, one in the time domain and the other in the frequency-wavenumber domain (Stolt operator). The sparseness constraint in the time-offset domain is essential for resampling and for interpolation. The frequency-wavenumber domain operator is very efficient, not much more expensive in computation time than a sparse parabolic RT, and much faster than a standard hyperbolic RT. Examples of resampling, interpolation, and coherent noise attenuation using the frequency-wavenumber domain operator are presented. Near and far offset gaps are interpolated in synthetic and real shot gathers, with simultaneous resampling beyond aliasing. Waveforms are well preserved in general except when there is little coherence in the data outside the gaps or events with very different velocities are located at the same time. Multiples of diffractions are predicted and attenuated by subtraction from the data.
Fabrication of Bi-2212/SrSO<sub>4</sub> Composite Superconductors by Melting Powder Mixtures (2007)

We fabricated Bi-2212/SrSO4 composite superconductors by the melt casting process and evaluated the effects of the powder mixing method and melting temperature on their microstructure and superconducting properties. In the melt casting process, the Bi-2212 powders were mixed with SrSO4 by hand-mixing (HM) and planetary ball milling (PBM) and then the powder mixtures were melted at 1100°C~1200°C, solidified, and annealed. We found that the powder mixture prepared by PBM was finer and more homogeneously mixed than that prepared by HM, resulting in more homogeneous microstructure and smaller SrSO4 and second phases after annealing. The critical current (Ic) also varied significantly with the powder mixing method and the melting temperature. The Ic of the annealed rod prepared by PBM was 193 A at 77 K when melted at 1100°C, which is higher than that of the annealed rod prepared by HM (132 A). This enhancement in the Ic value for the former is considered to be due to its more uniform microstructure.
Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptors and Their Ligand Family (1999)

The CRF receptors belong to the VIP/GRF/PTH family of G-protein coupled receptors whose actions are mediated through activation of adenylate cyclase. Two CRF receptors, encoded by distinct genes, CRF-R1 and CRF-R2, and that can exist in two alternatively spliced forms, have been cloned. The type-1 receptor is expressed in many areas of the rodent brain, as well as in the pituitary, gonads, and skin. In the rodent, one splice variant of the type-2 receptor, CRF-R2 alpha, is expressed mainly in the brain, whereas the other variant, CRF-R2 beta, is found not only in the CNS, but also in cardiac and skeletal muscle, epididymis, and the gastrointestinal tract. The poor correlation between the sites of expression of CRF-R2 and CRF, as well as the relatively low affinity of CRF for CRF-R2, suggested the presence of another ligand, whose existence was confirmed in our cloning of urocortin. This CRF-like peptide is found not only in brain, but also in peripheral sites, such as lymphocytes. The broad tissue distribution of CRF receptors and their ligands underscores the important role of this system in maintenance of homeostasis. Functional studies of the two receptor types reveal differences in the specificity for CRF and related ligands. On the basis of its greater affinity for urocortin, in comparison with CRF, as well as its brain distribution, CRF-R2 may be the cognate receptor for urocortin. Mutagenesis studies of CRF receptors directed toward understanding the basis for their specificity, provide insight into the structural determinants for hormone-receptor recognition and signal transduction.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Intracerebral CpG Immunotherapy with Carbon Nanotubes Abrogates Growth of Subcutaneous Melanomas in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 66K.&lt;/p&gt;
Investigation on Non-invasive Current Mismatch Measurement in Paralleled GaN HEMTs (2019)

On the recent advancements in current sensor field, single chip contactless current sensors enable the end users to efficiently monitor the switching current in modern power electronics systems. This work further investigates a novel low-cost measurement technique based on Magnetoresistive (MR) sensors. The process uses a single current sensing unit, measuring the current mismatch between the two parallel Gallium Nitride (GaN) MOSFETs, which would be used for prognostic and protection purposes. The magnetic field distribution analysis of GaN devices in switching converter is investigated using FEA simulations, in order to optimize the MR sensor location. The experimental results verify the sensitivity and linearity of the sensing unit up to 20 A of current mismatch.
A Low Profile Highly Isolated Phased Array MIMO Antenna System for 5G Applications at 28 GHz (2021)

This paper presents a highly isolated phased array antenna system for 5G applications at 28 GHz. The antenna array is formed by 1x8 microstrip antipodal exponential tapered slot antennas each connected to CMOS phase shifters with wire bonds for electrical beam steering. At 28 GHz, the mutual coupling between the antenna elements are lower than -30 dB while the envelope correlation between the ports is less than 0.1. The single antenna array element was fabricated on 20 mil thick Rogers 4003 substrate and the phase shifter was fabricated in 22 nm FD-SOI CMOS. The simulated and measured results of the single antenna element along with the integrated phase shifter are presented together with the simulation results of the overall system.
The Case for a Commodity Hardware Solution for Stress Detection (2018)

Timely detection of an individual's stress level has the potential to expedite and improve stress management, thereby reducing the risk of adverse health consequences that may arise due to unawareness or mismanagement of stress. Recent advances in wearable sensing have resulted in multiple approaches to detect and monitor stress with varying levels of accuracy. The most accurate methods, however, rely on clinical grade sensors strapped to the user. These sensors measure physiological signals of a person and are often bulky, custom-made, expensive, and/or in limited supply, hence limiting their large-scale adoption by researchers and the general public. In this paper, we explore the viability of commercially available off-the-shelf sensors for stress monitoring. The idea is to be able to use cheap, non-clinical sensors to capture physiological signals, and make inferences about the wearer's stress level based on that data. In this paper, we describe a system involving a popular off-the-shelf heart-rate monitor, the Polar H7; we evaluated our system in a lab setting with three well-validated stress-inducing stimuli with 26 participants. Our analysis shows that using the off-the-shelf sensor alone, we were able to detect stressful events with an F1 score of 0.81, on par with clinical-grade sensors.
Frequency of Drug-resistant Viruses and Virus Shedding in Pediatric Influenza Patients Treated With Neuraminidase Inhibitors (2011)

In comparison with treatment with oseltamivir, treatment of pediatric patients with zanamivir resulted in the emergence of fewer drug-resistant influenza viruses and a shorter virus-shedding period. We conclude that zanamivir shows promise as a better therapy for pediatric influenza patients.
Interleukin‐37 is highly expressed in regulatory T cells of melanoma patients and enhanced by melanoma cell secretome (2019)

Immune suppression is one of the 10 hallmarks of cancer. Interleukin-37 (IL-37), a member of the IL-1 family, inhibits both innate and adaptive immunity, and has been shown to modulate immune responses in various disease conditions. Yet, IL-37 has rarely been investigated in cancer patients, and its biological role in cancer remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the gene expression of IL-37 in age- and sex-matched blood samples of healthy individuals and melanoma patients, and demonstrated upregulation of IL-37 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the blood samples of melanoma patients. By further analyzing immune cell subsets responsible for the upregulated IL-37 expression, we discovered that IL-37 mRNA was highly expressed in T cells and granulocytes, with the highest expression in regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub> ) cells in healthy individuals, and that IL-37 mRNA was upregulated in lymphocytes (T, B, and natural killer cells) in melanoma patient blood. Among all cell subsets, T<sub>reg</sub> cells from melanoma patients exhibited the highest IL-37 gene expression levels. We provided evidence that melanoma-conditioned media induces IL-37 mRNA and protein expression in multiple lymphocyte populations, particularly in T<sub>reg</sub> cells. We further confirmed that the IL-1-mediated secretome from human melanoma cells, specifically transforming growth factor-β, induces IL-37 mRNA expression in human T<sub>reg</sub> cells. Our results suggest a potential immunosuppressive role for IL-1 and IL-37 in melanoma tumorigenesis. Highly elevated IL-37 in specific lymphocyte populations could serve as a biomarker for tumor-induced immunosuppression.
Floating Gate Memory-based Monolayer MoS2Transistor with Metal Nanocrystals Embedded in the Gate Dielectrics (2014)

Charge trapping layers are formed from different metallic nanocrystals in MoS2 -based nanocrystal floating gate memory cells in a process compatible with existing fabrication technologies. The memory cells with Au nanocrystals exhibit impressive performance with a large memory window of 10 V, a high program/erase ratio of approximately 10(5) and a long retention time of 10 years.
Transient Effects of Surge Vessel Sizes and Locations in a Water Transmission Line (2012)

Water transmission main is subjected to hydraulic transients due to sudden pipe failure, valve closure or any other transient phenomenon. These hydraulic transients might cause adverse effect within the pumps, bursting of the transmission main and detachment of the pipe from the joint locations such as air valve or control valve. The negative transient pressures can cause water quality issues especially from intrusion of contaminants from at the air valves and loose joints. In order to avoid both unacceptable minimum and maximum transient pressures, surge protection is imperative for a water transmission main. It is a common practice to locate the surge vessel near the pumps in order to dampen the generated surge due to sudden pump failure. In this study, surge analysis results considering two different topology configurations (Option 1 & 2) with respect to different surge vessel locations are compared for a water transmission main connected to two pumps (each having a capacity of 14.5 l/s @ 110 m head ) in parallel. The transmission main is serving residential consumers which are located on 50 m higher elevation from the pump station at a distance of about 12.5 KM. For Option 1, it is considered that two surge vessels are placed on a 150 mm DI line, 2.5 m far at the downstream side of each pump. For Option 2, only one surge vessel is placed on a 300 mm transmission main originating just after the parallel connection of the 150 mm DI lines at the downstream of the two pumps. Transient analysis is undertaken for different vessel sizes of two configurations. The results obtained are compared for the Minimum Transient Pressures in the modelled pipeline. Although, comparative difference between the two configurations is not much but gives a clear indication that surge vessel location and sizes could play a vital role in controlling the transient pressures. It is also observed that the pre-charge pressure in the surge vessel is also very important for controlling the transient pressures and must be precisely determined with respect to the mechanism of the working of the selected surge vessel.
Flow Structure, Pressure Fluctuations and Resulting Vibrations Caused by the Interaction of a Turbulent Jet With Cross Flow Over a Flexible Flat Plate (2002)

The objective of this study is to characterize the velocity, vorticity, wall pressure fluctuations and resulting structural vibrations caused by injection of a round, turbulent jet into a turbulent boundary layer. The experiments are performed in a quiet water channel with back ground noise well below the local pressure fluctuations. One of the channel walls is replaced by a vibration isolated, 1m long, aluminum plate from which the 1cm-diameter jet is injected. The cross flow velocity is fixed at 2 m/s and the velocity ratio, r (ratio of mean jet velocity to the cross flow), varies from 0.5 to 2.5 and Re based on cross flow and jet diameter is 20,000. High-resolution PIV is used to measure the flow field and high sensitivity, low-noise pressure sensors are used for the wall pressure measurements. The flush-mounted transducers are installed at several locations ranging from 2–15 diameters behind the jet. Auto-spectra of the pressure signals show that the effect of the jet is in the 15–100Hz range, and increase the wall pressure levels by 25dB for r=2.5. The fluctuations increase with velocity ratio and decrease with distance from the jet, although there is only a 6dB increase in overall levels at r=2.5 as compared to r=1. Hilbert-Huang “amplitude” spectrum shows the frequency content of the signal as it evolves in time, and is found to be a useful tool to characterize such unsteady phenomena. Velocity and pressure measurements have been performed simultaneously and thousands of frames have been recorded. Analysis of these frames demonstrates the relationship between the wall pressure fluctuations and the vortical structures. Several striking differences in the flow structure between high and low velocity ratios are described in the paper. Acceleration measurements describe the effect of the jet and cross flow on the vibrations of the side-wall. Cross flow boundary layer dominates structural vibrations below 1000Hz, and jet velocity effects are visible at 1000Hz–2000Hz. At higher jet velocities effects are seen even below 1000Hz and large narrow band frequency peaks occur. (CD ROM version includes color figures).
Dormancy in the Strawberry Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1990)

A 2-yr study of strawberry leafroller, Ancylis comptana (Froelich), populations in central Iowa showed that short daylengths and low temperatures maintain diapause during autumn and that this autumnal diapause ends without a specific cue by the end of December. The completion of diapause does not require chilling. The postdiapause developmental rate of A. comptana is linearly related to temperatures between 14 and 30°C; adult emergence requires 154 degree-days (DD) above a lower thermal threshold ( t ) of 10.5°C. Field cage studies demonstrated that 50% emergence of adult A. comptana from overwintering larvae can be predicted accurately based upon the accumulation of approximately 150 DD > 10°C.
Charge transport in polymeric transistors (2007)

Polymeric semiconductors have attracted much attention because of their possible use as active materials in printed electronics. Thin-film transistors (TFTs) are a convenient tool for studying charge-transport physics in conjugated polymers. Two families of materials are reviewed here: fluorene copolymers and polythiophenes. Because charge transport is highly anisotropic in molecular conductors, the electrical properties of conjugated polymers are strongly dependent on microstructure. Molecular weight, polydispersity, and regioregularity all affect morphology and charge-transport in these materials. Charge transport models based on microstructure are instrumental in identifying the electrical bottlenecks in these materials.
Resilient Computing with Reinforcement Learning on a Dynamical System:\n Case Study in Sorting (2018)

Robots and autonomous agents often complete goal-based tasks with limited\nresources, relying on imperfect models and sensor measurements. In particular,\nreinforcement learning (RL) and feedback control can be used to help a robot\nachieve a goal. Taking advantage of this body of work, this paper formulates\ngeneral computation as a feedback-control problem, which allows the agent to\nautonomously overcome some limitations of standard procedural language\nprogramming: resilience to errors and early program termination. Our\nformulation considers computation to be trajectory generation in the program's\nvariable space. The computing then becomes a sequential decision making\nproblem, solved with reinforcement learning (RL), and analyzed with Lyapunov\nstability theory to assess the agent's resilience and progression to the goal.\nWe do this through a case study on a quintessential computer science problem,\narray sorting. Evaluations show that our RL sorting agent makes steady progress\nto an asymptotically stable goal, is resilient to faulty components, and\nperforms less array manipulations than traditional Quicksort and Bubble sort.\n
A design approach for networks of Self-Sampled All-Digital Phase-Locked Loops (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of the stability and the performance analysis of N-nodes cartesian networks of self-sampled all digital phase-locked loops. It can be demonstrated that under certain conditions (such as proper filter coefficient values), a global and a local synchronization can be obtained. Our approach to find the optimal conditions consists of analyzing a corresponding linear average system of the cartesian network rather than constructing a piecewise-linear system which is extremely difficult to analyse. The constructed corresponding system takes into account the non-linearity of the network and especially the self-sampling property. It is then analyzed by linear performance criteria such as modulus margin to guarantee a robust stability of the cartesian network. The reliability of our approach is proved by transient simulations in networks of different sizes.
<title>Gaussian beam profile and single transverse mode emission from previously multimode gain-guided VCSEL using novel etch</title> (2000)

A simple model is used to design and optimize masks that when etched onto the aperture of a normally multi-mode gain guided vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, VCSEL, cause the device to lase in a single transverse mode. After etching, Gaussian beam profiles for the LP01 mode are achieved over the entire operating current range with greater than 16 dB modal suppression. To date single mode emission at 2 mW has been achieved with pinning of the nearfield width. The modelling shows that the etching introduces a spatial filter on the higher order modes. The power in the fundamental mode remains constant before and after etching.
Interference-floor shaping for liquid coverage zones in coordinated 5G networks (2015)

Joint transmission coordinated multi-point (CoMP) is a combination of constructive and destructive superposition of several to potentially many signal components, with the goal to maximize the desired receive-signal and at the same time to minimize mutual interference. Especially the destructive superposition requires accurate alignment of phases and amplitudes. Therefore, a 5G clean slate approach needs to incorporate the following enablers to overcome the challenging limitation for JT CoMP: accurate channel estimation of all relevant channel components, channel prediction for time-aligned precoder design, proper setup of cooperation areas corresponding to user grouping and to limit feedback overhead especially in FDD as well as treatment of out-of-cluster interference (interference floor shaping).
The role of the nurse in screening people with suspected dementia (2022)

James Wilson and Dr Nita Muir looks at how staff in primary care can diagnose dementia
Facilitated transport of CO2 in ion exchange membranes (1987)

Abstract The facilitated transport of CO 2 through ion exchange membranes containing organic amine counterions was studied. Steady state CO 2 fluxes were measured from pure gas streams and mixtures with CH 4 . Facilitation factors for CO 2 up to 26.7 were calculated from transport data. Transport measurements were binary mixtures of CO 2 and CH 4 yielded ratios of CO 2 flux to CH 4 flux ranging from 29.0 to 264. Conversion of flux ratios to permeabilities yielded separation factors up to 551 for CO 2 over CH 4 , which are compared to literature data for polymeric membranes. The transport data support a mobile, reactive‐carrier facilitated transport mechanism with a carbamate zwitterion complex. Effective diffusivities for CO 2 and the carrier‐gas complex were determined from transport data. A reaction equilibrium model predicted facilitation factors that were in very good agreement with experimental values. Potential applications are also discussed.
Anti-estrogen-resistant breast cancer cells are sensitive to cisplatin plus TRAIL treatment (2015)

Breast cancer patients who are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) are usually treated with anti-estrogen drugs, such as tamoxifen (Tam). However, a great majority of such patients eventually develop resistance to Tam. In this study, MCF-7 cells (with de novo and/or acquired resistance to Tam) as well as T47D cells (acquired resistance to Tam) models were used to investigate the effect of treatment with cisplatin plus tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The results in the two cell types treated with cisplatin plus TRAIL showed significantly increased cell death compared to that in the untreated control cells. A similar treatment had a minimal effect on normal breast cells, the increased cell death appeared to be caused by the activation of caspases and, inhibition of the activity of caspases (using relatively specific inhibitors) reduced the cell death caused by cisplatin plus TRAIL treatment. Taken together, the results suggested that cisplatin plus TRAIL treatment has the potential to provide a novel treatment strategy to improve the treatment outcome in anti-estrogen‑resistant breast cancer patients.