gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies on the Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Dioxide from Titanium Tetrachloride and Water (2001)

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO2 from TiCl4 and D2O at 150−400 °C was studied in situ with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The ALD growth proceeds via exchange reactions on the film surface. In the first step, TiCl4 is introduced on a surface covered with −OD groups which then become replaced with −O−TiClx species, and DCl is released as a volatile byproduct. In the second step, the incoming D2O reacts with the surface −Cl atoms replacing them with −OD groups and, again, DCl is released. When the temperature is increased from 150 to 250 °C, the number of −Cl ligands released during the TiCl4 pulse decreases from about two to one. At temperatures higher than 250 °C, less than one −Cl ligand is released, indicating molecular adsorption of TiCl4.
Cooling system improvements — assessing the effects on emissions and fuel economy (2008)

The work reported in this paper details an experimental study of the effects of cooling system hardware changes on diesel engine emissions and fuel economy. Experiments were performed under both steady state and transient conditions and complemented by statistical assessments. Techniques for assessing the thermal integrity of the engine as a consequence of such changes are also presented. An experimental design was constructed to investigate the effect of water pump throttling, coolant flow control through the oil cooler, and the adoption of a pressure resistive thermostat (PRT). Use of these thermal controls offers a useful trade-off between NO x and fuel economy, with a saving of around 3 per cent in b.s.f.c. for a 10 per cent NO x penalty at low load, where NO x output is less of a concern. However, these benefits were not observed during drive cycle testing.
Compact reliability model for degradation of advanced p-MOSFETs due to NBTI and hot-carrier effects in the circuit simulation (2013)

A compact reliability model is reported, which includes both the channel hot carrier (CHC) and the negative bias thermal instability (NBTI) effects in p-MOSFETs. The developed compact NBTI model, which describes both interface-state generation and hole-trapping mechanisms, is further improved by considering additionally the impact of the drain bias V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> . With increased V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> , the NBTI effect is weakened due to the reduction of the vertical gate oxide field, and the CHC effect is enhanced by the increased lateral channel electric field. Therefore, the threshold voltage is observed to decrease in the low V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> regime, and then increases again in the high V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> regime. Such “turn-around” characteristic is correctly modeled using the improved compact NBTI model. Implementation of this reliability model into the surface-potential-based compact model HiSIM enables accurate prediction of the CHC enhanced NBTI degradation for wide ranges of time duration and bias conditions. This allows real-time simulation for the circuit-performance degradation occurring during actual circuit operation.
Access all areas? An area-level analysis of accessibility to general practice and community pharmacy services in England by urbanity and social deprivation (2015)

Our study shows that the vast majority of the population live within a 20 min walk of a GP premises, with higher proportions in the most deprived areas--a positive primary care law. However, more people live within a 20 min walk of a community pharmacy compared with a GP premises, and this potentially has implications for the commissioning of future services from these healthcare providers in England.
One Dose of Staphylococcus aureus 4C-Staph Vaccine Formulated with a Novel TLR7-Dependent Adjuvant Rapidly Protects Mice through Antibodies, Effector CD4+ T Cells, and IL-17A (2016)

A rapidly acting, single dose vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus would be highly beneficial for patients scheduled for major surgeries or in intensive care units. Here we show that one immunization with a multicomponent S. aureus candidate vaccine, 4C-Staph, formulated with a novel TLR7-dependent adjuvant, T7-alum, readily protected mice from death and from bacterial dissemination, both in kidney abscess and peritonitis models, outperforming alum-formulated vaccine. This increased efficacy was paralleled by higher vaccine-specific and α-hemolysin-neutralizing antibody titers and Th1/Th17 cell responses. Antibodies played a crucial protective role, as shown by the lack of protection of 4C-Staph/T7-alum vaccine in B-cell-deficient mice and by serum transfer experiments. Depletion of effector CD4+ T cells not only reduced survival but also increased S. aureus load in kidneys of mice immunized with 4C-Staph/T7-alum. The role of IL-17A in the control of bacterial dissemination in 4C-Staph/T7-alum vaccinated mice was indicated by in vivo neutralization experiments. We conclude that single dose 4C-Staph/T7-alum vaccine promptly and efficiently protected mice against S. aureus through the combined actions of antibodies, CD4+ effector T cells, and IL-17A. These data suggest that inclusion of an adjuvant that induces not only fast antibody responses but also IL-17-producing cell-mediated effector responses could efficaciously protect patients scheduled for major surgeries or in intensive care units.
Novel T Follicular Helper-like T-Cell Lymphoma Therapies: From Preclinical Evaluation to Clinical Reality (2022)

The classification of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) is constantly changing and contains multiple subtypes. Here, we focus on Tfh-like PTCL, to which angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) belongs, according to the last WHO classification. The first-line treatment of these malignancies still relies on chemotherapy but gives very unsatisfying results for these patients. Enormous progress in the last decade in terms of understanding the implicated genetic mutations leading to signaling and epigenetic pathway deregulation in Tfh PTCL allowed the research community to propose new therapeutic approaches. These findings point towards new biomarkers and new therapies, including hypomethylating agents, such as azacytidine, and inhibitors of the TCR-hyperactivating molecules in Tfh PTCL. Additionally, metabolic interference, inhibitors of the NF-κB and PI3K-mTOR pathways and possibly novel immunotherapies, such as antibodies and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) directed against Tfh malignant T-cell surface markers, are discussed in this review among other new treatment options.
Indirect absorption in germanium quantum wells (2011)

Germanium has become a promising material for creating CMOS-compatible optoelectronic devices, such as modulators and detectors employing the Franz-Keldysh effect (FKE) or the quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE), which meet strict energy and density requirements for future interconnects. To improve Ge-based modulator design, it is important to understand the contributions to the insertion loss (IL). With indirect absorption being the primary component of IL, we have experimentally determined the strength of this loss and compared it with theoretical models. For the first time, we have used the more sensitive photocurrent measurements for determining the effective absorption coefficient in our Ge/SiGe quantum well material employing QCSE. This measurement technique enables measurement of the absorption coefficient over four orders of magnitude. We find good agreement between our thin Ge quantum wells and the bulk material parameters and theoretical models. Similar to bulk Ge, we find that the 27.7 meV LA phonon is dominant in these quantum confined structures and that the electroabsorption profile can be predicted using the model presented by Frova, Phys. Rev., 145 (1966).
Promoter methylation of ADAMTS1 and BNC1 as potential biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic cancer in blood (2019)

The methylation status of ADAMTS1 and BNC1 in cfDNA shows promise for detecting pancreatic cancer during the early stages when curative resection of the tumor is still possible. This minimally invasive blood-based biomarker panel could be used as a promising tool for diagnosis and screening in a select subset of high-risk populations.
Downregulation of PTEN Promotes Autophagy via Concurrent Reduction in Apoptosis in Cardiac Hypertrophy in PPAR α−/− Mice (2022)

Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in the size of the cardiomyocytes which is initially triggered as an adaptive response but ultimately becomes maladaptive with chronic exposure to different hypertrophic stimuli. Prolonged cardiac hypertrophy is often associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions and cardiomyocyte cell death. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR α), which is critical for mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, is down regulated in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes. Yet, the role of PPAR α in cardiomyocyte death is largely unknown. To assess the role of PPAR α in chronic hypertrophy, isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist was administered in PPAR α knock out (PPAR α<sup>-/-</sup>) mice for 2 weeks and hypertrophy associated changes in cardiac tissues were observed. Echocardiographic analysis ensured the development of cardiac hypertrophy and compromised hemodynamics in PPAR α<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Proteomic analysis using high resolution mass spectrometer identified about 1,200 proteins enriched in heart tissue. Proteins were classified according to biological pathway and molecular functions. We observed an unexpected down regulation of apoptotic markers, Annexin V and p53 in hypertrophied heart tissue. Further validation revealed a significant down regulation of apoptosis regulator, PTEN, along with other apoptosis markers like p53, Caspase 9 and c-PARP. The autophagy markers Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, p62, Beclin1 and LC3 A/B were up regulated in PPAR α<sup>-/-</sup> mice indicating an increase in autophagy. Similar observations were made in a high cholesterol diet fed PPAR α<sup>-/-</sup>mice. The results were further validated <i>in vitro</i> using NRVMs and H9C2 cell line by blocking PPAR α that resulted in enhanced autophagosome formation upon hypertrophic stimulation. The results demonstrate that in the absence of PPAR α apoptotic pathway is inhibited while autophagy is enhanced. The data suggest that PPAR α signaling might act as a molecular switch between apoptosis and autophagy thereby playing a critical role in adaptive process in cardiac hypertrophy.
Synthesis of 7,12-dihydropyrido[3,4-b:5,4-b']diindoles. A novel class of rigid, planar benzodiazepine receptor ligands (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 7,12-dihydropyrido[3,4-b:5,4-b']diindoles. A novel class of rigid, planar benzodiazepine receptor ligandsMark L. Trudell, Anthony S. Basile, Harlan E. Shannon, Phil Skolnick, and James M. CookCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1987, 30, 3, 456–458Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00386a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00386a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
BANDWIDTH AND POWER MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN SWIFT (1995)

SWIFT (Seattle Wide-area Information For Travelers) is an operational test for an advanced traveler information system. The SWIFT project began in January 1995 in the Seattle metropolitan area with the aim of testing the feasibility of employing an FM subcarrier communication link to deliver information to travelers. Specifically, SWIFT uses an advanced 19 Kbps FM subcarrier broadcast medium for the delivery of transportation information and personal paging information. The FM subcarrier appears to be an inexpensive and efficient means for delivery of transportation and personal paging information to users, whether they are at home, in the office, or on the road. Three types of end user devices were considered for SWIFT operational test: the message watch, car radio, and a personal digital assistant (PDA). These devices have different processing and display capabilities. It is shown that SWIFT communication protocol allows a trade off between battery life and paging delay. Real-time and yellow pages information may be easily processed in a PDA and presented to users through an appealing user interface. However, real-time applications are very sensitive to paging delay. The paging messages regarding the transit vehicle locations, traffic conditions, etc., have to be transmitted immediately as they arrive at the information clearing house. This requires the end user devices, such as PDA and the car radio, to stay in receiving mode all the time. The devices can be charged or connected to a car battery for continuous receiving mode of operation. Message watch, on the other hand, depends on its battery and cannot stay on continuously. Hence, the message watch should be used for less time sensitive user applications, such as ride share matching, incident, accident information, etc.
Contrast modified room-temperature imprint lithography (2006)

Contrast modified room-temperature imprinting that can enhance the penetration depth of pattern, lower the applied pressure, and enable complete removal of the residual layer in the pattern window is developed. It is based on the contrast modification of the intensity of the light illuminated on the imprinted pattern. The contrast modification is made possible by the induction of intensity contrast that is caused by the total internal reflection of the light impinging on the slightly imprinted pattern structure. A condition for successful pattern formation is established through a simple geometric model and experimental results.
Cultivation of Uncultured Fastidious Microbes (2005)

A huge number of microorganisms are still unknown and uncultivated. SSU rRNA gene-based analyses of complex microbial communities are unveiling their diversity, distribution and abundance in natural environments. How to isolate uncultivated microorganisms is an everlasting preoccupation for microbiologists even in the era of culture-independent functional analyses such as stable isotope labeling, modernized in situ hybridization techniques and community genomics. Conventional isolation procedures are very laborious, and there is significant room for improvement. In this review, we stress several important clues to the systematic isolation and cultivation of uncultured microorganisms.
An Adaptable Platform for Directed Evolution in Human Cells (2018)

The discovery and optimization of biomolecules that reliably function in metazoan cells is imperative for both the study of basic biology and the treatment of disease. We describe the development, characterization, and proof-of-concept application of a platform for directed evolution of diverse biomolecules of interest (BOIs) directly in human cells. The platform relies on a custom-designed adenovirus variant lacking multiple genes, including the essential DNA polymerase and protease genes, features that allow us to evolve BOIs encoded by genes as large as 7 kb while attaining the mutation rates and enforcing the selection pressure required for successful directed evolution. High mutagenesis rates are continuously attained by trans-complementation of a newly engineered, highly error-prone form of the adenoviral polymerase. Selection pressure that couples desired BOI functions to adenoviral propagation is achieved by linking the functionality of the encoded BOI to the production of adenoviral protease activity by the human cell. The dynamic range for directed evolution can be enhanced to several orders of magnitude via application of a small-molecule adenoviral protease inhibitor to modulate selection pressure during directed evolution experiments. This platform makes it possible, in principle, to evolve any biomolecule activity that can be coupled to adenoviral protease expression or activation by simply serially passaging adenoviral populations carrying the BOI. As proof-of-concept, we use the platform to evolve, directly in the human cell environment, several transcription factor variants that maintain high levels of function while gaining resistance to a small-molecule inhibitor. We anticipate that this platform will substantially expand the repertoire of biomolecules that can be reliably and robustly engineered for both research and therapeutic applications in metazoan systems.
A high performance 0.12 μm CMOS with manufacturable 0.18 μm technology (2002)

High-performance 0.12 /spl mu/m CMOS devices with manufacturable 0.18 /spl mu/m technology are presented. A nominal I/sub dsat/N/P of 950/410 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m at an I/sub off/ of 12 nA//spl mu/m is achieved by reducing the body effect. The double-sidewall structure developed can reduce gate-fringe capacitance without increasing the junction leakage, and the inverter delay of 11 ps/stage is achieved at a nominal L/sub gate/ of 0.12 /spl mu/m. Small 6T-SRAM cells of 3.1 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ with 0.5 /spl mu/m gate pitch are implemented using a vertical well isolation and a self-aligned contact (SAC). In the SAC process, a blanket Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ layer used as an etching stopper is optimized for the I/sub dsat/N/P ratio and the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) reliability. The 9-level interconnection is optimized to reduce a long wire RC-delay.
Ebola-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Sierra Leonean Ebola Virus Survivors With or Without Post-Ebola Sequelae (2020)

EBOV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were significantly higher in Ebola survivors with post-Ebola syndrome. These findings suggest that pathogenesis may occur as an immune-mediated disease via virus-specific T-cell immune response or that persistent antigen exposure leads to increased and sustained T-cell responses.
High sensitivity and high Q-factor nanoslotted parallel quadrabeam photonic crystal cavity for real-time and label-free sensing (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate a label-free sensor based on nanoslotted parallel quadrabeam photonic crystal cavity (NPQC). The NPQC possesses both high sensitivity and high Q-factor. We achieved sensitivity (S) of 451 nm/refractive index unit and Q-factor &amp;gt;7000 in water at telecom wavelength range, featuring a sensor figure of merit &amp;gt;2000, an order of magnitude improvement over the previous photonic crystal sensors. In addition, we measured the streptavidin-biotin binding affinity and detected 10 ag/mL concentrated streptavidin in the phosphate buffered saline solution.
The Effect of the Title IV Acid Rain Control Provisions on SO2 Compliance Costs (2018)

Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act AmendmentS instituted a number of regulatory mechanisms designed to lower the cost of reducing emissions of acid rain-causing pollution from electric utility power plants. In this paper we estimate the cost-savings associated with three flexibility-enhancing provisions of Title IV: (1) intra-utility allowance tra~ing, (2) allowance banking, and (3) inter-utility allowance trading. Utility compliance costs under each provision were estimated and compared with compliance costs under a less flexible command- and-control policy using the Utility sen Compliance Planning Model (USCPM), a dynamic optimization model hat we have developed. The results of the analysis indicate that each of the flexibility enhancing provisions analyzed can contribute to significant overall cost-savings. Another important result is that substantial cost-savings are possible even in the absence of an active inter-utility allowance trading market.
AIDS Progression Is Associated with the Emergence of IL-17–Producing Cells Early After Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2009)

IL-17 is a potent effector cytokine involved in inflammatory response and antimicrobial defense. We report that SIV infection of rhesus macaques (RMs) results in the emergence of IL-17-expressing cells during the acute phase. This subpopulation appears at day 14 postinfection concomitantly with an increase in TGF-beta and IL-18 expression. This subset, which exhibits phenotypic markers of NK T cells (NKT), rather than Th17 CD4 cells, persists during the chronic phase and is higher in noncontrollers SIV-infected RMs compared with controllers SIV-infected RMs. In contrast, in the nonpathogenic model of SIVagm infection of African green monkeys, no change in the level of IL-17-expressing cells is observed in lymphoid organs. Consistent with the emergence of TGF-beta and IL-18 during the acute phase in SIV-infected RMs, but not in SIV-infected African green monkeys, we demonstrate that in vitro TGF-beta and IL-18 induce the differentiation and expansion of IL-17+NKT+. Altogether, these results demonstrate that IL-17-producing NKT are associated with the pathogenesis of SIV in RMs and suggest that TGF-beta and IL-18 play a role in their development.
Analysis of plastic flow of the Al alloy joint produced by friction stir spot welding (2009)

This study examined development of the stir zone and plastic flow of the material during friction stir spot joining of aluminium alloys. The development of the stir zone was discussed through the observation of macro sections of the joints produced at various process times. The friction stir spot joining trial with insert of Au foil to lap surface and the dissimilar lap friction stir spot joining showed that the movement of the lap surface was attributed to the downward plastic flow from the upper plate to the lower plate around the probe. Additionally, it was clarified that the direction of the plastic flow was roughly the same as the direction of the tool rotation. The dissimilar butt friction stir spot joining suggested that the plastic flow occurred not only within the stir zone but also in a larger area below the tool shoulder. The present study revealed that the threads on the probe surface were important for producing the plastic flow of thickness direction during friction stir spot joining.