gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple yet Effective Baseline for Robust Deep Learning with Noisy Labels (2019)

Recently deep neural networks have shown their capacity to memorize training data, even with noisy labels, which hurts generalization performance. To mitigate this issue, we provide a simple but effective baseline method that is robust to noisy labels, even with severe noise. Our objective involves a variance regularization term that implicitly penalizes the Jacobian norm of the neural network on the whole training set (including the noisy-labeled data), which encourages generalization and prevents overfitting to the corrupted labels. Experiments on both synthetically generated incorrect labels and realistic large-scale noisy datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance with a high tolerance to severe noise.
Recombination and loss mechanisms in GaNAsP/GaP QW lasers (2010)

In this paper the authors present a comprehensive study of the threshold current and its temperature dependence in novel direct band-gap Ga(NAsP)/GaP QW lasers which provide a potential route to lattice matched monolithic integration of long term stable semiconductor lasers on silicon. It is found that near room temperature, the threshold current is dominated by nonradiative recombination accounting for ~87% of the total threshold current density. A strong increase in threshold current with hydrostatic pressure implies that a carrier leakage path is the dominant carrier recombination mechanism.
A Case of Randall's Plugs Associated to Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Calculi (2016)

A case of a patient who developed multiple calcium oxalate dihydrate calculi, some of them connected to intratubular calcifications (Randall's plugs), is presented. Randall's plugs were isolated and studied. The mechanism of Randall's plug development is also suggested.
Stabilization of Radicals by Imides. A Modular Stereoselective Approach to Protected Functional 1,2-Diamines (2014)

Radical addition of various xanthates to N,N'-diacylimidazol-2-one occurs readily to give protected 1,2-diamines. The imide group stabilizes the adduct radical sufficiently to enable a second addition to unactivated alkenes. In some cases, the addition product could be converted into an indoline, a tetralone, or further added to an indole. Regioselective removal of one acyl group could also be accomplished.
2D Copper Tetrahydroxyquinone Conductive Metal–Organic Framework for Selective CO2 Electrocatalysis at Low Overpotentials (2021)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for electrocatalysis; however, lack of electrical conductivity in the majority of existing MOFs limits their effective utilization in the field. Herein, an excellent catalytic activity of a 2D copper (Cu)-based conductive MOF, copper tetrahydroxyquinone (CuTHQ), is reported for aqueous CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub> RR) at low overpotentials. It is revealed that CuTHQ nanoflakes (NFs) with an average lateral size of 140 nm exhibit a negligible overpotential of 16 mV for the activation of this reaction, a high current density of ≈173 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at -0.45 V versus RHE, an average Faradaic efficiency (F.E.) of ≈91% toward CO production, and a remarkable turnover frequency as high as ≈20.82 s<sup>-1</sup> . In the low overpotential range, the obtained CO formation current density is more than 35 and 25 times higher compared to state-of-the-art MOF and MOF-derived catalysts, respectively. The operando Cu K-edge X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the existence of reduced Cu (Cu<sup>+</sup> ) during CO<sub>2</sub> RR which reversibly returns to Cu<sup>2+</sup> after the reaction. The outstanding CO<sub>2</sub> catalytic functionality of conductive MOFs (c-MOFs) can open a way toward high-energy-density electrochemical systems.
Peptide Analogues of the VanS Catalytic Center Inhibit VanR Binding to Its Cognate Promoter (2000)

The dodecamer peptide SLCHDSVIGWEC, named E12, was selected from a combinatorial peptide library on the basis of its ability to bind to VanR, the two-component signal transduction response regulator which controls expression of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. The binding of E12 was localized to the N-terminal, regulatory domain of VanR which contains Asp-55, the residue which accepts the phosphoryl group from His-164 in the activated VanS sensor kinase. E12, along with a related sequence SLAHDSIIGYLS, named E12.1, was found to inhibit the binding of VanR approximately P to a DNA segment which corresponds to its cognate promoter PvanH. With a single gap, both E12 and E12.1 could be aligned with the octadecamer sequence YLAHDIKTPLTSIIGYLS, comprising Tyr-161 through Ser-178, of the catalytic center dimerization domain of VanS, a sequence with which VanR also normally interacts. Alanine substitution analysis of E12.1 identified six amino acids as indispensable for its ability to inhibit VanR approximately P-PvanH DNA complex formation. A similar analysis of the corresponding amino acids in VanS showed a parallel dependence except for the substitutions Leu-162 --> Ala and Gly-175 --> Ala which interfered with the ability of E12.1 to compete with protein-DNA complex formation, but did not inhibit the ability of VanS to bind VanR. Our findings support a model in which E12 mimics the VanS phosphorylatable sequence with which the regulatory domain of VanR interacts, and thus functions as a "minimalist" analogue of VanS. Our results also indicate the usefulness of phage-displayed peptides as a general tool for mimicking the interacting faces of interacting proteins.
An Efficient Closed-Form Method for Optimal Hybrid Force-Velocity Control (2020)

This paper derives a closed-form method for computing hybrid force-velocity control. The key idea is to maximize the kinematic conditioning of the mechanical system, which includes a robot, free objects, a rigid environment and contact constraints. The method is complete, in that it always produces an optimal/near optimal solution when a solution exists. It is efficient, since it is in closed form, avoiding the iterative search of previous work. We test the method on 78,000 randomly generated test cases. The method outperforms our previous search-based technique by being from 7 to 40 times faster, while consistently producing better solutions in the sense of robustness to kinematic singularity. We also test the method in several representative manipulation experiments.
Computing minimal deformations: application to construction of statistical shape models (2008)

Nonlinear registration is mostly performed after initialization by a global, linear transformation (in this work, we focus on similarity transformations), computed by a linear registration method. For the further processing of the results, it is mostly assumed that this preregistration step completely removes the respective linear transformation. However, we show that in deformable settings, this is not the case. As a consequence, a significant linear component is still existent in the deformation computed by the nonlinear registration algorithm. For construction of statistical shape models (SSM) from deformations, this is an unwanted property: SSMs should not contain similarity transformations, since these do not capture information about shape. We propose a method which performs an a posteriori extraction of a similarity transformation from a given nonlinear deformation field, and we use the processed fields as input for SSM construction. For computation of minimal displacements, a closed-form solution minimizing the squared Euclidean norm of the displacement field subject to similarity parameters is used. Experiments on real inter-subject data and on a synthetic example show that the theoretically justified removal of the similarity component by the proposed method has a large influence on the shape model and significantly improves the results.
Neuron MOS winner-take-all circuit and its application to associative memory (1993)

An implementation of a winner-take-all circuit that is based on a neuron MOSFET, a transistor that simulates the function of biological neurons with a single device, is presented. A standard double-polysilicon CMOS process is used to implement an associative memory network in which the stored data set closest to the input data is selected. Even if the data stored in the associative memory do not exactly match the sample data, the circuit finds the closest data set using a vMOS winner-take-all circuit. The winner-take-all circuit containing two unit cells is shown. Experimental results demonstrating how the circuit determines the 'winner' and 'loser' are presented. Simulation results for the sorting circuit are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Better Together (2018)

The success of information retrieval systems depends critically on both the ability of systems to efficiently and effectively retrieve information, and to support people in articulating their information needs and making sense of the results. This interdisciplinary, user-centered perspective on information systems motivated my early work on Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), which sought to mitigate the disagreement between the vocabulary that authors use in writing and searchers use to express their information needs, and continues to shape my research today. Over the last two decades, search has become a core fabric of people's everyday lives, driven by advances in understanding context, natural language, and speech. I will illustrate how new capabilities in email and virtual assistants are driven by advances in both algorithms and user modeling. As we look forward to new types of information systems that anticipate information needs, interact via richer dialogs, and integrate physical and digital information, it is more important than ever to understand and support information seekers using interdisciplinary methods and perspectives.
Design of a helmet-mounted microphone array for sound localization (2010)

This paper presents a part of a microphone based system installed on a soldier's helmet for the application of localizing a sniper/insurgent attack in the battle space environment to increase situational awareness of the foot soldiers. More specifically, the main focus of the paper is to develop a computational method to determine the optimum number of microphone sensors and their optimum positions on the helmet. The relative location of the source with respect to the sensors causes some sensors to not be in the-line-of-sight therefore it is proposed that a) for an accurate localization, estimation of time delay of arrival to be accommodated with diffraction path/length, and b) intensity difference between microphone pairs to be employed for making an initial guess of the source location. The results of this study showed that utilizing the diffraction path enhances the localization performance and the intensity difference results in fast and low computational cost convergence of the iterative algorithm.
Improvement of domain linker prediction by incorporating loop‐length‐dependent characteristics (2005)

Protein dissection into structural domains that can fold in isolation is an important issue in both functional and structural proteomics. Here, we analyzed inter- and intradomain loop sequences (respectively named domain linker and nonlinker loops) and computed a domain linker likelihood score, which was used for developing a domain boundary prediction protocol. The analysis confirmed our previous results indicating that the amino acid composition in terms of glycine, proline, aspartic acid, asparagine, lysine, and histidine significantly differs between linker and nonlinker loops. However, a detailed examination revealed that the amino acid composition bias actually depends on the loop length. Indeed, significant frequency deviations were observed for glycine, proline, and aspartic acid in short linker and nonlinker loops, whereas deviations were observed for aspartic acid, proline, asparagine, and lysine in long linker and nonlinker loops. Finally, we incorporated this loop-length-dependent amino acid composition bias in a simple linker prediction protocol, which predicted linkers with a 40.6% specificity and a 36.1% sensitivity. These figures are 4.4 and 2.4% higher than those obtained with our former prediction protocol that does not incorporate loop-length-dependent characteristics. This result should have practical significance for experimental protein dissection, since the probability of obtaining a stably folding structural domain by randomly dissecting a protein sequence is estimated to be 12.6%.
A nostoxanthin-producing bacterium, Sphingomonas nostoxanthinifaciens sp. nov., alleviates the salt stress of Arabidopsis seedlings by scavenging of reactive oxygen species (2023)

A novel, nostoxanthin-producing, endophytic bacterium, designated as AK-PDB1-5<sup>T</sup>, was isolated from the needle-like leaves of the Korean fir (<i>Abies koreana</i> Wilson) collected from Mt. Halla in Jeju, South Korea. A 16S rRNA sequence comparison indicated that the closest phylogenetic neighbors were <i>Sphingomonas crusticola</i> MIMD3<sup>T</sup> (95.6%) and <i>Sphingomonas jatrophae</i> S5-249<sup>T</sup> (95.3%) of the family <i>Sphingomonadaceae</i>. Strain AK-PDB1-5<sup>T</sup> had a genome size of 4,298,284 bp with a 67.8% G + C content, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization and OrthoANI values with the most closely related species of only 19.5-21% and 75.1-76.8%, respectively. Cells of the strain AK-PDB1-5<sup>T</sup> were Gram-negative, short rods, oxidase- and catalase-positive. Growth occurred at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0) in the absence of NaCl at 4-37°C (optimum 25-30°C). Strain AK-PDB1-5<sup>T</sup> contained C<sub>14:0</sub> 2OH<sub>,</sub> C<sub>16:0</sub> and summed feature 8 as the major cellular fatty acids (> 10%), while sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids and lipids were found to be the major polar lipids. The strain produces a yellow carotenoid pigment; natural products prediction <i>via</i> AntiSMASH tool found zeaxanthin biosynthesis clusters in the entire genome. Biophysical characterization by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and ESI-MS studies confirmed the yellow pigment was nostoxanthin. In addition, strain AK-PDB1-5<sup>T</sup> was found significantly promote Arabidopsis seedling growth under salt conditions by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on the polyphasic taxonomic analysis results, strain AK-PDB1-5<sup>T</sup> was determined to be a novel species in the genus <i>Sphingomonas</i> with the proposed name <i>Sphingomonas nostoxanthinifaciens</i> sp. nov. The type strain is AK-PDB1-5<sup>T</sup> (= KCTC 82822<sup>T</sup> = CCTCC AB 2021150<sup>T</sup>).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroformylation of ω‐Functionalized 1,1‐Disubstituted Alkenes and Its Use Toward the Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Muscone. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Current State of Diabetes Technology Clinics and Programs in the United States (2013)

The number of people who use diabetes technologies, such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose sensors, continues to rise. Whereas 130,000 people with type 1 diabetes used an insulin pump in 2002, by 2007 this number had risen to approximately 375,000 people.1 Over the next decade, when the insulin pump and glucose sensor are combined in a communicative manner in which the pump will modify insulin delivery based on continuous glucose results (closed loop), the volume of patients on insulin pumps are expected to increase dramatically.
Evaluating the Foot Electromyogram Signal as a Noise Reference for a Bathroom Scale Ballistocardiogram Recorder (2008)

A bathroom scale ballistocardiogram (BCG) recorder has been developed in our group as a potential home monitor for heart failure outpatients. While the signal quality obtained by this device is as high as elaborate table- and bed-based BCG systems discussed previously in the literature, the standing posture required by this system may lead to undesired motion induced noise in the signal, particularly for elderly patients. Electromyogram (EMG) signals from the feet are proposed as a noise reference for the standing BCG measurement. The correlation between these signals and the BCG noise is quantified for a case with low (eyes open) and higher (eyes closed) involuntary movement on the scale. For the six subjects considered in this trial, the foot EMG appears to be a valuable reference for BCG movement noise estimation. Additionally, the fact that many bathroom scales have electrodes on the feet for various body fat percentage estimates makes the measurement highly practical for future implementations.
Influences of Climate on Phyllosphere Endophytic Bacterial Communities of Wild Poplar (2020)

Plant-associated microbial communities play a central role in the plant response to biotic and abiotic stimuli, improving plant fitness under challenging growing conditions. Many studies have focused on the characterization of changes in abundance and composition of root-associated microbial communities as a consequence of the plant response to abiotic factors such as altered soil nutrients and drought. However, changes in composition in response to abiotic factors are still poorly understood concerning the endophytic community associated to the phyllosphere, the above-ground plant tissues. In the present study, we applied high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing of the phyllosphere endophytic bacterial communities colonizing wild <i>Populus trichocarpa</i> (black cottonwood) plants growing in native, nutrient-limited environments characterized by hot-dry (xeric) riparian zones (Yakima River, WA), riparian zones with mid hot-dry (Tieton and Teanaway Rivers, WA) and moist (mesic) climates (Snoqualmie, Skykomish and Skagit Rivers, WA). From sequencing data, 587 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASV) were identified. Surprisingly, our data show that a core microbiome could be found in phyllosphere-associated endophytic communities in trees growing on opposite sides of the Cascades Mountain Range. Considering only taxa appearing in at least 90% of all samples within each climatic zone, the core microbiome was dominated only by two ASVs affiliated <i>Pseudomonadaceae</i> and two ASVs of the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> family. Alpha-diversity measures indicated that plants colonizing hot-dry environments showed a lower diversity than those from mid hot-dry and moist climates. Beta-diversity measures showed that bacterial composition was significantly different across sampling sites. Accordingly, we found that specific ASV affiliated to <i>Pseudomonadaceae</i> and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> were significantly more abundant in the phyllosphere endophytic community colonizing plants adapted to the xeric environment. In summary, this study highlights that sampling site is the major driver of variation and that only a few ASV showed a distribution that significantly correlated to climate variables.
Probabilistic action selection (2013)

Sensor data recording of multiple (1-7) interacting persons in indoor environments by use passive infrared sensors. The dataset was recorded in the context of the diploma thesis of Martin Kasparick.
Scientific Aspects of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability and Degradation (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScientific Aspects of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability and DegradationRod Borup, Jeremy Meyers, Bryan Pivovar, Yu Seung Kim, Rangachary Mukundan, Nancy Garland, Deborah Myers, Mahlon Wilson, Fernando Garzon, David Wood, Piotr Zelenay, Karren More, Ken Stroh, Tom Zawodzinski, James Boncella, James E. McGrath, Minoru Inaba, Kenji Miyatake, Michio Hori, Kenichiro Ota, Zempachi Ogumi, Seizo Miyata, Atsushi Nishikata, Zyun Siroma, Yoshiharu Uchimoto, Kazuaki Yasuda, Ken-ichi Kimijima, and Norio IwashitaView Author Information Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0292, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44120, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Doshisha Univerisy, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan, Daido Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi 457-8530, Japan, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan, New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 212-8554, Japan, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, AIST, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, and Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 10, 3904–3951Publication Date (Web):September 13, 2007Publication History Received17 April 2007Published online13 September 2007Published inissue 1 October 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050182lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050182lresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34977Altmetric-Citations2833LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Electrodes,Fuel cells,Membranes,Platinum Get e-Alerts