gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Gas-Surface Interactions by Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection. (1984)

Abstract : The scattering of nitric oxide (NO) from a clean single-crystal of silver THE (111) FACE has been studied. The rotational and fine structure distributions of NOXsq pi have been determined as a function of surface temperature and of incident kinetic energy normal to the surface plane. The analysis technique is that of laser-induced fluorescence using a Nd:YAG pumped dye laser which is both frequency doubled and Raman shifted to overlap the NO(gamma) band system in the UV. It is found that the energy transferred into the NO rotational degree of freedom in a single gas-surface encounter is expressed by where E sub r is the mean rotational energy, E sub n the normal component of the NO kinetic energy, E sub s the surface temperature, E wub w a parameter characterizing the NO/Ag(111) well depth, and a and b are coefficients that express the fraction of kinetic and surface energy appearing as rotational excitation.
DNA Polymerase Profiling (2008)

We report a simple homogeneous fluorescence assay for quantification of DNA polymerase function in high throughput. The fluorescence signal is generated by the DNA polymerase triggering opening of a molecular beacon extension of the template strand. A resulting distance alteration is reported by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between two dyes introduced into the molecular beacon stem. We describe real-time reaction profiling of two model DNA polymerases. We demonstrate kinetic characterization, rapid optimization of reaction conditions, and inhibitor profiling using the presented assay. Furthermore, to supersede purification steps in screening procedures of DNA polymerase mutant libraries, detection of enzymatic activity in bacterial expression lysates is described.
Restricted diffusion and exchange of intracellular water: theoretical modelling and diffusion time dependence of1H NMR measurements on perfused glial cells (1998)

Intracellular diffusion properties of water in F98 glioma cells immobilized in basement membrane gel threads, are investigated with a pulsed-field-gradient spin-echo NMR technique at diffusion times from 6 to 2000 ms and at different temperatures. In extended model calculations the concept of 'restricted intracellular diffusion at permeable boundaries' is described by a combined Tanner-Kärger formula. Signal components in a series of ct experiments (constant diffusion time) are separated due to different diffusion properties (Gaussian and restricted diffusion), and physiological as well as morphological cell parameters are extracted from the experimental data. The intracellular apparent diffusion coefficients strongly depend on the diffusion time and are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the self diffusion constant of water. Propagation lengths are found to be in the range of 4-7 microns. Hereby intracellular signals of compartments with a characteristic diameter could be selected by an appropriate gradient strength. With cg experiments (constant gradient) a mean intracellular residence time for water is determined to be about 50 ms, and the intrinsic intracellular diffusion constant is estimated to 1 x 10(-3)mm2/s. Studying the water diffusion in glial cells provides basic understanding of the intracellular situation in brain tissue and may elucidate possible influences on the changes in the diffusion contrast during ischemic conditions.
Capturing life-log and retrieval based on contexts (2005)

In "wearable computing" environments, digitization of personal experiences will be made possible by continuous recordings using a wearable video camera. This could lead to the "automatic life-log application". However it is evident that the resulting amount of video content will be enormous. Accordingly, to retrieve and browse desired scenes, a vast quantity of video data must be organized using structural information. We are developing a "context-based video retrieval system for life-log applications". This system can capture not only video and audio but also various sensor data and provides functions that make efficient video browsing and retrieval possible by using data from these sensors, some databases and various document data.
<title>Laser tissue welding: a new device controlled by reflectance</title> (1994)

Laser tissue welding is used to close wounds or to anastomose conducts such as arteries. The welding effect is due to tissue denaturation which depends on the irradiation parameters. An excessive laser irradiation leads to irreversible thermal damage. In conventional welding procedures, laser irradiation is controlled by visual inspection of the welded zone. A new device based on an 800 nm diode laser allowing an automated welding procedure is described here. The device measures the variation of the diffuse reflectance on the treatment area and stops laser irradiation when a given optimal value is reached. This allows the user to increase the reproducibility of the treatment by avoiding the subjective aspect of welding completion assessment by visual criteria. The system has been tested by in vitro welding an egg yolk membrane on mesenteric bovine arteries. The results have shown that for a given laser power, there is a specific reflectance decrease threshold value leading to an optimal welding. Reproducible welds with minimal thermal damage could be obtained.
Bitter taste receptors of the common vampire bat are functional and show conserved responses to metal ionsin vitro (2021)

The bitter taste sensation is important to warn mammals of the ingestion of potentially toxic food compounds. For mammals, whose nutrition relies on highly specific food sources, such as blood in the case of vampire bats, it is unknown if bitter sensing is involved in prey selection. By contrast to other bat species, vampire bats exhibit numerous bitter taste receptor pseudogenes, which could point to a decreased importance of bitter taste. However, electrophysiological and behavioural studies suggest the existence of functional bitter taste transmission. To determine the agonist spectra of the three bitter taste receptors that are conserved in all three vampire bat species, we investigated the <i>in vitro</i> activation of <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> T2R1, T2R4 and T2R7. Using a set of 57 natural and synthetic bitter compounds, we were able to identify agonists for all three receptors. Hence, we confirmed a persisting functionality and, consequently, a putative biological role of bitter taste receptors in vampire bats. Furthermore, the activation of the human TAS2R7 by metal ions is shown to be conserved in <i>D. rotundus</i>.
Physiomer® reduces the chemokine interleukin-;8 production by activated human respiratory epithelial cells (2001)

The authors have recently shown that the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a central mediator in the NaCl-mediated interleukin (IL)-8 production by human airway epithelial cells. In this study, it was investigated whether Physiomer, an isotonic sea water-derived solution commercialized for cleaning the nasal mucosa, impaired the chemokine IL-8 expression and secretion by human respiratory epithelial cells compared with that obtained with an isotonic 9% NaCl solution. Primary human bronchial gland (HBG) epithelial cells were incubated either in Physiomer or in a NaCl 9% solution and activated either with 20 ng x mL(-1) tumour necrosis factor-alpha, or IL-1beta, respectively. Physiomer significantly reduced the IL-8 protein release in basal and activated HBG cells in comparison with that obtained with the 9% NaCl solution. In contrast to the effects of Physiomer observed on resting HBG cells, Physiomer did not significantly reduce the level of phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor protein IkappaBalpha or the steady-state IL-8 messenger ribonucleic acid levels in activated HBG cells, suggesting that Physiomer would have a post-transcriptional effect on IL-8 expression in activated HBG cells. The authors conclude that Physiomer is potentially useful in the reduction of airway mucosal inflammation.
Acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: current trends in incidence and outcome (2007)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem with significant clinical and economic consequences. A number of studies point to a rising incidence of AKI in the hospital and in the intensive care unit over the past several years, and an increase in the degree of co-morbidity associated with it. Recent evidence suggests that there has been some improvement in outcomes over time. Nevertheless, the mortality associated with AKI remains unacceptably high, and further work is needed. Recently developed consensus definitions will be useful in this regard.
Event analytics via social media (2011)

In this work, we analyze the responses of users to public events through social media. We apply analytical methods on transcripts from public speeches and tweets from Twitter users to provide a deeper understanding of the feedback of individuals on events through Twitter. In particular, we develop a joint statistical model of the messages posted by Twitter users and the paragraphs from speeches, based on their topical connections. Our analysis of President Obama's speech on the Middle East on May 19, 2011 and a sample of 800 tweets contributed during the speech shows that the majority of users on Twitter do not directly comment on a specific paragraph of a speech. On the contrary, their feedback is high level and related to the general topics of the event. In addition, the tweets that directly comment on a specific paragraph in the speech are related to topics of high interest in the Middle East.
Capacitor commutated converters for long-cable HVDC transmission (2002)

An overview of the capacitor commutated converter is given, emphasising its applications in long-cable HVDC transmission schemes. Its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the conventional HVDC Graetz bridge converter are identified, and a critical assessment of its performance is presented using a developed steady-state formulation as well as a transient simulation based analysis.
Stimulation of in vitro myelin synthesis by microglia (1994)

Central nervous system myelin is elaborated by oligodendrocytes, which have been studied extensively in cell culture. Dissociated brain cultures allow in vitro analysis of events in myelinogenesis, including cell-cell interactions. Microglia, the primary phagocytic cell of the central nervous system, appear in developing fiber tracts prior to the onset of myelination in vivo. To gain insight into potential oligodendrocyte-microglial interactions during development, these cells were co-cultured and various parameters of myelin synthesis were measured. In co-culture, microglia stimulated the synthesis of sulfatide, a myelin-specific galactolipid, in oligodendrocytes, as well as the expression of the myelin-specific proteins myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein. Activity of the oligodendrocyte cytoplasm-specific enzyme 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase was not elevated, suggesting that the effects of microglia were not due to stimulation of oligodendrocyte proliferation. This was confirmed by the inability of microglia to induce significant DNA synthesis. Conditioned medium from cultured microglia provided a similar stimulatory activity, suggesting that the increase in myelin synthesis does not require contact between oligodendrocytes and microglia. These findings suggest a stimulatory role for microglia during myelinogenesis.
Elevated preoperative neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio as a preoperative indicator of mature cystic teratoma with malignant transformation (2017)

Neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio is a potential preoperative diagnostic marker of MT. The optimal cut-off should be determined in future large-scale studies.
Over 55 A, 800 V high power AlGaN/GaN HFETs for power switching application (2007)

Abstract We developed new ohmic electrodes combined with an Al‐silicide and a molybdenum for AlGaN/GaN HFETs to realize a high power switching application. As a result, the maximum drain current of the HFET was over 55 A and the breakdown voltage was about 800 V. The specific on‐state resistance of the HFET was smaller than that of a Si Cool MOSFET. Furthermore, we examined the dynamic characteristics. The turn‐off and turn‐on delay time were 14.8 nsec. and 8.4 nsec. at the condition of 100 V, respectively. These values were considerbly smaller compared with those of Si Cool MOSFETs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proteomics approach in classifying the biochemical basis of the anticancer activity of the new olomoucine-derived synthetic cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, bohemine (2000)

The aim of this study was to use two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the quantitative changes in the protein composition of the CEM T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line after treatment with bohemine (BOH), a synthetic olomoucin-derived cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI). Cell classification, reflecting protein patterns, clearly distinguished two main groups: one group consists of 9, 12 and 24 h treated BOH cells while the second is represented by the 0 and 24 h control untreated cells and the 6 h BOH-exposed CEM lymphoblasts. Discriminant protein spots differentially expressed in the BOH-treated CEM cells were selected for identification by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) or electrospray ionization-tandem MS (ESI-MS/MS). Five of the selected protein spots were unequivocally identified as alpha-enolase, triosephosphate isomerase, eukaryotic initiation factor 5A, and alpha- and beta-subunits of Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1. These proteins, all significantly downregulated in CEM T-lymphoblast leukemia in the course of BOH treatment, are known to play an important role in cellular functions such as glycolysis, protein biosynthesis, and cytoskeleton rearrangement. These results indicate that the cellular effects of olomoucine-derived CDKIs are not dependent on their ability to inhibit CDKs and could be mediated by several factors such as a decrease in protein synthesis and/or glycolysis which in turn diminishes the ability of cancer cells to function.
The polarized carbon nanotube thin film LED (2010)

We demonstrate a light emitting p-i-n diode made of a highly aligned film of separated (99%) semiconducting carbon nanotubes, self-assembled from solution. By using a split gate technique, we create p- and n-doped regions in the nanotube film that are separated by a micron-wide gap. We inject p- and n-type charge carriers into the device channel from opposite contacts and investigate the radiative recombination using optical micro-spectroscopy. We find that the threshold-less light generation efficiency in the intrinsic carbon nanotube film segment can be enhanced by increasing the potential drop across the junction, demonstrating the LED-principle in a carbon nanotube film for the first time. The device emits infrared light that is polarized along the long axes of the carbon nanotubes that form the aligned film.
Antigen-induced murine B cell lymphomas. I. Induction and characterization of CH1 and CH2. (1978)

Two unusual murine lymphomas, designated CH1 and CH2, were produced in the newly developed double congenic strain of mice, B10 H-2a H-4b p/Wts. Both tumors lack the T cell-specific antigen (thy-1), but express cell surface immunoglobulin and the H-2K, H-2D, and Ia specificities determined by the H-2a haplotype. Further studies have demonstrated that these tumors represent "early" B cells in that they express surface IgM (mu heavy and lambda light chains), but do not bear surface delta, gamma, or alpha heavy chains. CH1 and CH2 lack surface C3 receptors and results from assays for Fc receptors have proven variable. A competition radioimmunoassay directed against the gp71 group-specific antigen of Friend leukemia virus has shown that there is a murine leukemia virus associated with these tumors, however, we have been unable to establish a causal relationship between the virus and this malignancy. A comparison of the surface characteristics of these tumors with other mammalian B cell lymphomas is presented.
Targeted Disruption of the PDZK1 Gene in Mice Causes Tissue-specific Depletion of the High Density Lipoprotein Receptor Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I and Altered Lipoprotein Metabolism (2003)

PDZK1, a multi-PDZ domain containing adaptor protein, interacts with various membrane proteins, including the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Here we show that PDZK1 controls in a tissue-specific and post-transcriptional fashion the expression of SR-BI in vivo. SR-BI protein expression in PDZK1 knock-out (KO) mice was reduced by 95% in the liver, 50% in the proximal intestine, and not affected in steroidogenic organs (adrenal, ovary, and testis). Thus, PDZK1 joins a growing list of adaptors that control tissue-specific activity of cell surface receptors. Hepatic expression of SR-BII, a minor splice variant with an alternative C-terminal cytoplasmic domain, was not affected in PDZK1 KO mice, suggesting that binding of PDZK1 to SR-BI is required for controlling hepatic SR-BI expression. The loss of hepatic SR-BI was the likely cause of the elevation in plasma total and HDL cholesterol and the increase in HDL particle size in PDZK1 KO mice, phenotypes similar to those observed in SR-BI KO mice. PDZK1 KO mice differed from SR-BI KO mice in that the ratio of unesterified to total plasma cholesterol was normal, females were fertile, and cholesteryl ester stores in steroidogenic organs were essentially unaffected. These differences may be due to nearly normal extrahepatic expression of SR-BI in PDZK1 KO mice. The PDZK1-dependent regulation of hepatic SR-BI and, thus, lipoprotein metabolism supports the proposal that this adaptor may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease.
Production and persistence of specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with hematologic malignancies: role of rituximab (2021)

The ability of patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) to develop an effective humoral immune response after COVID-19 is unknown. A prospective study was performed to monitor the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLD), multiple myeloma (MM), or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndromes (MDS/MPN). Antibody (Ab) levels to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein were measured at +1, +3, +6 months after nasal swabs became PCR-negative. Forty-five patients (9 FL, 8 DLBCL, 8 CLD, 10 MM, 10 MDS/MPS) and 18 controls were studied. Mean anti-N and anti-S-Ab levels were similar between HM patients and controls, and shared the same behavior, with anti-N Ab levels declining at +6 months and anti-S-Ab remaining stable. Seroconversion rates were lower in HM patients than in controls. In lymphoma patients mean Ab levels and seroconversion rates were lower than in other HM patients, primarily because all nine patients who had received rituximab within 6 months before COVID-19 failed to produce anti-N and anti-S-Ab. Only one patient requiring hematological treatment after COVID-19 lost seropositivity after 6 months. No reinfections were observed. These results may inform vaccination policies and clinical management of HM patients.
Up to the limits: Autonomous Audi TTS (2012)

This paper presents a novel approach to autonomous driving at the vehicle's handling limits. Such a system requires a high speed, consistent control signal as well as numerous safety features capable of monitoring and stopping the vehicle. When operating, the system's high level controller utilizes a highly accurate differential GPS and known friction values to drive a precomputed path at the friction limits of the vehicle. The system was tested in a variety of road conditions, including the challenging Pikes Peak Hill climb. Results from this work can be extended to improve driving safety and accident avoidance in vehicles.
Sensitivity enhancement of chemically amplified EUV resists by adding acid-generating promoters (2017)

The trade-off relationship between sensitivity, resolution, and roughness is a serious problem in the development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist materials. Increasing the acid-generation efficiency is an effective solution to this trade-off problem. Chemically amplified resists (CARs) remain important for EUV lithography because of their longstanding use in photolithography. In this study, the feasibility and mechanism of improving CAR performance by adding acid-generating promoters were investigated. It was confirmed that di-p-tolyl sulfone acts as both a deprotonation promoter and a recombination inhibitor, which enhances the acid-generation efficiency and improves the performance of CARs in lithographies using ionizing radiation such as EUV and electron beams.
α-Activated Cross Conjugated Cycloalkenone Systems in Organic Synthesis (2013)

Under catalysis with an appropriate Lewis acid, the intermolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition and intramolecular polyene cyclization of the α-activated cross conjugated cycloalkenone systems, possessing particularly increased dienophilicity/electrophilicity in the cross conjugated double bond, proceeded constantly with a high degree of stereochemical control, leading to a variety of synthetically useful molecules, which may serve as advanced intermediates towards many structurally challenging natural products, especially cis-clerodane diterpenoids. Mechanistically, an additional conjugated double bond incorporated into the cycloalkenone core of the titled systems might contribute synergistically to the classical secondary orbital effects, thus significantly enhancing the endo-to-ketone addition. In addition, a tandem multiple σ-bond migration process, an enzymatic pathway prevalent in nature, was proposed to rationalize the formation of structurally unusual polyene-cyclization products occurring under standard chemical conditions. On the other hand, these highly polarized cross-conjugated compounds was found to be a superior Michael acceptor for Grignard reagents. In that regard, the introduction of ω-unsaturation to the titled substrates via 1,4-addition could serve as a springboard for a diverse array of annulation processes.
Articulated mechanism design with a degree of freedom constraint (2004)

Abstract This paper deals with design of articulated mechanism using a truss‐based ground‐structure representation. The proposed method can accommodate extremely large displacement by considering geometric non‐linearity. In addition, it can also control the mechanical degrees of freedom (DOF) of the resultant mechanism by using a DOF equation based on Maxwell's rule. The optimization is based on a relaxed formulation of an original integer problem and also involves developments directed at handling the redundancy inherent in the ground‐structure representation. One planar test example is selected as the basis for the developments so as to compare the proposed method with other alternative approaches including a graph‐theoretical enumeration approach which guarantees the identification of the globally optimal solution. Also, an inverter problem is treated where a continuation method is required in order to direct the optimization algorithm towards an integer solution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.