gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Envelope Variation and Neutralizing Antibody Responses during Transmission of HIV-1 Subtype B (2005)

We analyzed neutralization sensitivity and genetic variation of transmitted subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in eight recently infected men who have sex with men and the virus from the six subjects who infected them. In contrast to reports of heterosexual transmission of subtype C HIV-1, in which the transmitted virus appears to be more neutralization sensitive, we demonstrate that in our study population, relatively few phenotypic changes in neutralization sensitivity or genotypic changes in envelope occurred during transmission of subtype B HIV-1. We suggest that limited genetic variation within the infecting host reduces the likelihood of selective transmission of neutralization-sensitive HIV.
Feasibility of amorphous selenium based photon counting detectors for digital breast tomosynthesis (2009)

Amorphous selenium (a-Se) has been incorporated successfully in direct conversion flat panel x-ray detectors, and has demonstrated superior image quality in screening mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) under energy integration mode. The present work explores the potential of a-Se for photon counting detectors in DBT. We investigated major factors contributing to the variation in the charge collected by a pixel upon absorption of each x-ray photon. These factors included x-ray photon interaction, detector geometry, charge transport, and the pulse shaping and noise properties of the photon counting readout circuit. Experimental measurements were performed on a linear array test structure constructed by evaporating an a-Se layer onto an array of 100 &mu;m pitch strip electrodes, which are connected to a 32 channel low noise photon counting integrated circuit. The measured pulse height spectrum (PHS) under polychromatic xray exposure was interpreted quantitatively using the factors identified. Based on the understanding of a-Se photon counting performance, design parameters were proposed for a 2D detector with high quantum efficiency and count rate that could meet the requirements of photon counting detector for DBT.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Olodaterol (V), a Novel Inhaled β2‐Adrenoceptor Agonist with a 24 h Bronchodilatory Efficacy. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Characterizing H3N2 Influenza Viruses that Persist in Pigs in China (1987)

Journal Article Monoclonal Antibodies for Characterizing H3N2 Influenza Viruses that Persist in Pigs in China Get access Kennedy F. Shortridge, Kennedy F. Shortridge Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and the Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee Please address requests for reprints to Dr. K. F. Shortridge, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alison P. King, Alison P. King Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and the Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert G. Webster Robert G. Webster Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and the Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 155, Issue 3, March 1987, Pages 577–581, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/155.3.577 Published: 01 March 1987 Article history Received: 08 May 1986 Revision received: 18 August 1986 Published: 01 March 1987
Microvirin, a Novel α(1,2)-Mannose-specific Lectin Isolated from Microcystis aeruginosa, Has Anti-HIV-1 Activity Comparable with That of Cyanovirin-N but a Much Higher Safety Profile (2010)

Microvirin (MVN), a recently isolated lectin from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806, shares 33% identity with the potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein cyanovirin-N (CV-N) isolated from Nostoc ellipsosporum, and both lectins bind to similar carbohydrate structures. MVN is able to inhibit infection by a wide variety of HIV-1 laboratory-adapted strains and clinical isolates of different tropisms and subtypes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. MVN also inhibits syncytium formation between persistently HIV-1-infected T cells and uninfected CD4(+) T cells and inhibits DC-SIGN-mediated HIV-1 binding and transmission to CD4(+) T cells. Long term passaging of HIV-1 exposed to dose-escalating concentrations of MVN resulted in the selection of a mutant virus with four deleted high mannose-type glycans in the envelope gp120. The MVN-resistant virus was still highly sensitive to various other carbohydrate binding lectins (e.g. CV-N, HHA, GNA, and UDA) but not anymore to the carbohydrate-specific 2G12 monoclonal antibody. Importantly, MVN is more than 50-fold less cytotoxic than CV-N. Also in sharp contrast to CV-N, MVN did not increase the level of the activation markers CD25, CD69, and HLA-DR in CD4(+) T lymphocytes, and subsequently, MVN did not enhance viral replication in pretreated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Therefore, MVN may qualify as a useful lectin for potential microbicidal use based on its broad and potent antiviral activity and virtual lack of any stimulatory properties and cellular toxicity.
Highly Selective Coupling of Alkenes and Aldehydes Catalyzed by [Ni(NHC){P(OPh)3}]: Synergy Between a Strong σ Donor and a Strong π Acceptor. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Macrocyclic Design Strategies for Small, Stable Parallel β-Sheet Scaffolds (2011)

Synthesis of cyclic peptides
Abstract ND03: PD1-IL2v: A next generation, PD-1-targeted cytokine (2021)

Abstract High dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been the first effective cancer immunotherapy to treat metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, but its clinical use is limited due to toxicity and the detrimental expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). As both of these issues are compounded by binding to IL-2Ra (CD25), second generation IL-2 and IL-15 molecules ("IL2Rbg-biased agonists"), engineered to bind preferentially or exclusively to the intermediate-affinity IL-2R but not to CD25, are currently in clinical trials. However, reduced CD25 binding limits the ability of these 2nd generation cytokines for expansion of tumor antigen-specific T-cells. We have now generated a novel PD-1-targeted IL-2 variant (IL2v), by fusing a high-affinity anti-PD-1 antibody to an IL2v with abolished binding to CD25. High-affinity PD-1 binding allows IL2v to effectively expand tumor-antigen specific T-cells, and to differentiate those cells towards better, non-dysfunctional immune effectors, to much higher levels vs. anti-PD-1/-L1 antibodies alone or in combination with either tolerable doses of standard IL-2 or with a non-PD-1-targeted 2nd generation IL-2Rbg agonist currently in clinical development, and thus mediate significantly superior anti-tumor efficacy at well tolerated drug doses. PD1-IL2v is currently being tested in a Ph1 clinical trial. Citation Format: Pablo Umana. PD1-IL2v: A next generation, PD-1-targeted cytokine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr ND03.
Asymmetric Catalytic Hydroboration of Enol Carbamates Enables an Enantioselective Matteson Homologation (2023)

Rh-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration of enol carbamates yields α-boryl carbamates in good enantioselectivity. The enol carbamate starting materials can be prepared with moderate <i>Z</i> selectivity using a modified Juila olefination and used as an <i>E/Z</i> mixture, taking advantage of the faster reactivity of the major <i>Z</i> isomer in the directed hydroboration. Optically active α-boryl carbamates participate in a Matteson-type homologation with Grignard reagents in which the O-carbamate is substituted with high conservation of optical activity to provide enantioenriched secondary boronic esters.
One‐Step Production of Organized Surface Architectures on Polymeric Materials by Direct Laser Interference Patterning (2007)

In this communication, we report a novel method for the advanced design of architectures in polymers in a single step process. Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) permits the fabrication of repetitive 1D and 2D patterns and microstructures by direct irradiation of the sample surface with coherent beams of light. In addition, the most important advantage of this method is that no additional process steps (i.e. etching, development of photoresist) are required.
Detecting and characterizing phase synchronization in nonstationary dynamical systems (2006)

We propose a general framework for detecting and characterizing phase synchronization from noisy, nonstationary time series. For detection, we propose to use the average phase-synchronization time and show that it is extremely sensitive to parameter changes near the onset of phase synchronization. To characterize the degree of temporal phase synchronization, we suggest to monitor the evolution of phase diffusion from a moving time window and argue that this measure is practically useful as it can be enhanced by increasing the size of the window. While desynchronization events can be caused by either a lack of sufficient deterministic coupling or noise, we demonstrate that the time scales associated with the two mechanisms are quite different. In particular, noise-induced desynchronization events tend to occur on much shorter time scales. This allows for the effect of noise on phase synchronization to be corrected in a practically doable manner. We perform a control study to substantiate these findings by constructing and investigating a prototype model of nonstationary dynamical system that consists of coupled chaotic oscillators with time-varying coupling parameter.
Polyesters, Thermoplastic (2006)

Abstract This article covers semicrystalline thermoplastic polyesters and their applications as molding resins. The principal polymers described are PET, PBT, PEN, PTT, PCT, thermoplastic elastomers of the PBT–PTMEG‐T type, and liquid crystalline polymers. The raw materials for various polyesters and their production are described and general routes to polyester polymer synthesis outlined. Individual polyesters are described in more detail with particular reference to special features of their polymer chemistry. PET stretch blow‐molded bottles and containers are a very large market and the production of PET bottle resin by continuous polymerization and solid‐state polymerization is described together with an outline of the stretch blow‐molding process. Physical properties, polymer characterization and mechanical properties together with details of polymer injection molding are described. Particular reference is given to the growing demands for PCT of new electronic and electrical fabrication techniques such as surface mounting technology and its requirements for high temperature polymer properties. PBT polymer is described in detail. Flame‐retardant additives are described and how they affect polymer performance. Safety and health factors for the polymers in use are discussed. Liquid‐crystal polymers are relatively new high performance thermoplastics. The nature of the mesophase state and how LCPs differ from conventional materials is described. The LCP polymer synthesis is outlined and physical and mechanical properties of several commercial LCP polymers are given.
Selective downregulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I within the intestinal epithelial compartment in crohnʼs disease (2011)

Epithelial downregulation of RIG-I, a known pattern recognition receptor for viral components, might contribute to alterations of the innate mucosal immune response, particularly in CD.
Integrated Electronics for a Reading Aid for the Blind (1969)

A novel direct-translation reading aid for the blind has been developed using integrated electronics. Image sensing is accomplished by a 144-element monolithic phototransistor array. Photo signals are processed by efficient multiplex circuitry, with automatic compensation for optical changes in reading material. A tactile output image is provided by an array of vibratory piezo-electric reeds. Encouraging test results indicate that the reading aid could become widely used among the blind.
Muscle tissue ischemia monitoring using impedance spectroscopy: preliminary animal studies (2002)

Tissue ischemia detection can be performed using several methods, however, neither of them is writable for non-invasive, long term, and continuous tissue ischemia monitoring. Tissue impedance measurement presents a simple method for monitoring certain tissue characteristics and it can be used for ischemia monitoring because ischemia of tissues causes changes in tissue impedance. The overall goal of this research is to develop a muscle tissue ischemia monitoring system, based on tissue impedance measurements at various frequencies (impedance spectroscopy). For this purpose, an instrument for complex tissue impedance measurements, over a wide frequency range (10 Hz-1 MHz) was built and tested. The acquisition system uses digital demodulation principles to improve performance, several in-vivo animal experiments were done to obtain data on impedance of healthy and ischemic muscle tissue. The collected data provided the authors with a new knowledge on tissue ischemia-impedance relationship. Also, specific tissue impedance behavior and artifacts were observed. Results indicate that impedance spectroscopy can be used for qualitative ischemia monitoring.
Behavior of indium in thin SOI films (2002)

The behavior of indium implanted in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material is explored by using SIMS analysis to obtain the doping concentration profile as a function of the silicon film thickness for a fixed implant depth, and as a function of the implant depth for a fixed silicon film thickness. Based on the experimental data, the following observations can be made. Indium can be highly mobile and can diffuse throughout the buried oxide. As a result, there is a dopant depletion zone near the buried oxide interface. The indium doping profile can be practically invariant under certain implant conditions in thicker films. As a result of indium's highly mobile nature, a lower temperature process is necessary to maintain the as-implanted indium profile in thin-film SOI transistors.
STUDY ON THE RETENTION OF GLYCINEBETAINE ON A WEAK ACID CATION EXCHANGE RESIN (2011)

Weak acid cation (WAC) exchange resin in monovalent form is used in the recovery of glycinebetaine (GB) under alkaline conditions. The resin can also be used as a stationary phase at pH below the resin's pKa value, that is, in hydrogen form, when the retention behavior of GB is essentially different. In this study, the retention mechanism of GB was investigated on a WAC exchange resin in hydrogen, sodium, and intermediate ionic forms and with three other components: glycerol, choline chloride, and glycine. The experiments were carried out in a pilot scale column with acrylic acid-divinylbenzene gel type resin with aqueous eluent at neutral and acidic pH. GB was reported to retain notably longer on a hydrogen form WAC resin than on a corresponding sodium form exchange resin. Similar changes in retention time were seen for glycine, but not for glycerol or choline chloride. It was concluded that the retention mechanism of GB on the hydrogen form WAC exchange resin is related to hydrogen bonds between the resin and zwitterionic GB. The greater retention of GB on hydrogen form WAC resin can be utilized, for example, in the recovery process of GB from acidic solutions, such as vinasse.
MEMS Coupled Resonator for Filter Application in Air (2017)

We present a mechanically coupled MEMS H resonator capable of performing simultaneous amplification and filter operation in air. The device comprises of two doubly clamped polyimide microbeams joined through the middle by a coupling beam of the same size. The resonator is fabricated via a multi-layer surface micromachining process. A special fabrication process and device design is employed to enable the device’s operation in air and to achieve mechanical amplification of the output response. Moreover, mixed-frequency excitation is used to demonstrate a tunable wide band filter. The device design combined with the mixed-frequency excitation is used to demonstrate simultaneous amplification and filtering in air.
The effect of F-DPCH on VoIP over HSDPA Capacity (2006)

In WCDMA Rel. 5 HSDPA the fraction of the base station power used for signalling channel overhead is relatively large for low bit-rate services such as VoIP. Examples of such overhead are the high speed shared control channel (HS-SCCH) and the associated dedicated channel (A-DPCH). One remedy is the suggestion of using a fractional dedicated channel (F-DPCH) instead of A-DPCH. In this paper we investigate the impact of power overhead for a system with only VoIP users. The capacity is compared both theoretically and through dynamic radio network simulations. Theoretical and simulated results both show a capacity increase of around 15% when A-DPCH is exchanged by F-DPCH.
π‐Dimers of End‐Capped Oligopyrrole Cation Radicals (1996)

In two consecutive one-electron oxidations, oligopyrroles substituted with phenyl capping groups (PhPynPh, n = 2–4) can be oxidized reversibly to give stable cation radicals and dications. Spectroelectrochemical studies give direct evidence that diamagnetic π-dimers of cation radicals are formed in solution. Such dimers may be involved as charge carriers in conducting polypyrrole.
Beyond the Polysulfide Shuttle and Lithium Dendrite Formation: Addressing the Sluggish Sulfur Redox Kinetics for Practical High‐Energy Li‐S Batteries (2020)

Abstract Electrolyte modulation simultaneously suppresses polysulfide the shuttle effect and lithium dendrite formation of lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. However, the sluggish S redox kinetics, especially under high S loading and lean electrolyte operation, has been ignored, which dramatically limits the cycle life and energy density of practical Li‐S pouch cells. Herein, we demonstrate that a rational combination of selenium doping, core–shell hollow host structure, and fluorinated ether electrolytes enables ultrastable Li stripping/plating and essentially no polysulfide shuttle as well as fast redox kinetics. Thus, high areal capacity (&gt;4 mAh cm −2 ) with excellent cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency were both demonstrated in Li metal anode and thick S cathode (4.5 mg cm −2 ) with a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (10 μL mg −1 ). This research further demonstrates a durable Li‐Se/S pouch cell with high specific capacity, validating the potential practical applications.
<title>Development of synchrotron infrared spectroscopy for interface science at the Daresbury SRS</title> (1999)

Subtle surface modifications can have profound effects on catalytic and electrocatalytic chemistry. Reflection- Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy (RAIRS) using synchrotron radiation is potentially a very powerful probe of the surface interactions involved provided that sufficiently high quality data can be obtained. The performance of the Daresbury RAIRS facility in its original configuration is illustrated with examples of complex adsorbate systems including trimethylamine adsorbed on Ni{111}, CO coadsorbed with potassium on Cu{110} and formate on Cu{100}. The factors that limited performance are highlighted, and the recent major reconstruction of the station to eliminate these is described.
Laboratory Investigations Osteoblast Responses One Hour After Load-Induced Fluid Flow in a Three-Dimensional Porous Matrix (2005)

When bone is loaded, substrate strain is gen- erated by the external force and this strain induces fluid flow that creates fluid shear stress on bone cells. Our current understanding of load-driven gene regulation of osteoblasts is based primarily on in vitro studies on planer two-dimensional tissue culture substrates. How- ever, differences between a flat layer of cells and cells in 3-dimensional (3D) ECM are being recognized for signal transduction. Proliferation and differentiation of osteo- blasts are affected by substrate geometry. Here we developed a novel 3D culture system that would mimic physiologically relevant substrate strain as well as strain- induced fluid flow in a 3D porous collagen matrix. The systemallowed us to evaluate the responses of osteo- blasts in a 3D stress-strain environment similar to a mechanical field to which bone is exposed. Using MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts grown in the 3D collagen matrix with and without hydroxyapatite deposition, we tested the role of strain and the strain-induced fluid flow in the expression of the load-responsive genes such as c-fos, egr1, cox2, osteopontin, and mmp1B involved in tran- scriptional regulation, osteogenesis, and rearrangement of ECM. Strain-induced fluid flow was visualized with a microspheres � 3 lm in diameter in real time, and three viscoelastic parameters were determined. The results obtained by semi-quantitative PCR, immunoblot assay, enzymatic activity assays for collagenase and gelatinase, and mechanical characterization of collagen matrices supported the dominant role of strain-induced fluid flow in expression of the selected genes one hour after the mechanical treatment.
Photochemical reactions and on-line UV detection in microfabricated reactors (2001)

This work presents an application of microfabricated reactors and detectors for photochemical reactions. Two fabrication schemes were demonstrated for the integration of the reaction and the detection modules: coupling individually packaged chips, and monolithic integration of the two functions. In the latter fabrication scheme, we have succeeded in bonding quartz wafers to patterned silicon wafers at low temperature using a Teflon-like polymer-CYTOP[trade mark sign]. Using quartz substrates allows reaction and detection with UV light of lower wavelengths than Pyrex substrates permit. The pinacol formation reaction of benzophenone in isopropanol was the model reaction to demonstrate the performance of the microreactors. The extent of reaction was controlled by varying the flow rate and therefore the on-chip residence time. Crystallization of the product inside the microreactors was avoided by the continuous-flow design. Instead, crystallization was observed in the effluent storage device. Off-chip analysis using HPLC confirms the results obtained from the on-line UV spectroscopy. The quantum yield estimated suggests that the reactor design is effective in improving the overall efficiency of the reactor unit.