gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Spherical Nano- to Microscale Core−Shell Particles Li[(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)1-x(Ni0.5Mn0.5)x]O2 and Their Applications to Lithium Batteries (2006)

Spherical nano- to microscale core−shell Li[(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)1-x(Ni0.5Mn0.5)x]O2 was successfully synthesized via a coprecipitation route. The structure, chemical composition, and morphology of the core−shell powders can be tailored by tuning the reaction conditions. The core−shell-structured material provides a significant breakthrough in the development of high-capacity lithium batteries with respect to energy density, cycle life, and safety.
Broadband Shock-Cell Noise from Dual Stream Jets (2008)

Broadband shock-cell noise from dual stream jets is investigated. The present work is confined to the cases of supersonic secondary jet and subsonic primary jet. Previous studies on single stream supersonic jets reveal that broadband shock-cell noise from these jets is generated by the interaction of the large turbulence structures and the shock cells in the jet plume as the former propagate downstream through the latter. A prominent characteristic of the radiated noise is that it is most intense in the upstream direction and drops off with an increase in inlet angle. An important result of the present investigation is the discovery that there are two sets of broadband shock-cell noise. One set is the classical shock-cell noise, similar to that of single stream jets. The second set radiates sound primarily in the downstream direction. Its intensity is low at 90°, but the intensity increases with inlet angle until a critical angle is reached beyond which it starts to decrease rapidly. It is believed that the first sound field is generated by the interaction of the large turbulence structures and the shock cells in the outer shear layer of the dual stream jet. The second sound field is generated in a similar manner involving the large turbulence structures and the shock cells in the inner shear layer of the jet. The inner shear layer separates the secondary and the primary jet. A simplified mathematical model capable of elucidating the generation, transmission and radiation of broadband shock-cell noise from dual stream jets is developed. The model provides formulas relating the direction of radiation and the frequencies of broadband shock-cell noise at the peaks of the noise spectra for both sets of sound fields. Good agreement is found between the predictions from these formulas and experimental measurements, thereby providing support for the validity of the model.
Towards a Better Physical Understanding of Human Hair : Development of Fiber Tribology-Methods at the Micro- and Nanoscale (2010)

Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist die Weiterentwicklung verschiedener physikalischer Messmethodiken zur Untersuchung von Mikrofaseroberflachen. Das zugrunde liegende System hierbei hat das Augenmerk auf die Veranderungen der Oberflachen von Haaren durch applizieren mit unterschiedlichen Shampooformulierungen. Fokussiert werden die physikalischen Veranderungen, einerseits in der Makro - und Mikroskala und andererseits in der Nanoskala. Haarpflegemittel wie Shampoos oder Conditioner spielen eine wichtige Rolle fur unser Wohlbefinden und bieten einen weltweit attraktiven Markt fur die Industrie. Von Seiten der Forschung wurde die Wirkungsweise und Adsorption von aktiven Wirkstoffen in Haarpflegemitteln deshalb intensiv untersucht. Im Gegensatz dazu stecken quantitative Messungen der Veranderungen in den Reibungs- und Wechselwirkungseigenschaften, die durch die Behandlung erreicht werden noch in den Anfangen. Unser Ziel ist hier, Methoden zu entwickeln, die es erlauben solche Eigenschaften zu untersuchen und damit die Basis fur eine gezielte Optimierung von Haarpflegeprodukten zu bieten. Die wichtigsten aktiven Substanzen in Haarpflegemitteln sind kationische Polymere. In dieser Arbeit wurden drei der auf dem Markt kauflich erwerbbaren Polymere (Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-87 und Jaguar C-13S) in Hinblick auf ihr Wechselwirkungsverhalten mit dem negativ geladenem Netzwerk der Haaroberflache untersucht. Ein modifizierter Aufbau des so genannten Universal Oberflachen Testers lieferte Ergebnisse zu den Reibungseigenschaften von Haaren im Mikrometerbereich. Mit der Entwicklung einer neuen Messzelle und der Kalibrierung eines selbst konstruierten Messkopfes wurde das Instrument an das Haarfasersystem angepasst und optimiert. Das Material des Messkopfes (Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk) wurde dem Material von herkommlichen Kammen angeglichen, um einen direkten Vergleich mit Ergebnissen, die aus der so genannte Kammkraftmethode hervorgingen, zu ermoglichen. Der Schwerpunkt lag auf der Veranderung der auftretenden Reibungskrafte nachdem die Wirkstoffe auf das Haar aufgebracht wurden. Alle drei Polymere verursachten eine Reduktion der Reibungskrafte, die hochste konnte dabei dem Polymer Polyquaternium-87 zugeschrieben werden. Bei beiden Methoden werden jedoch viele verschiedene Wechselwirkungen detektiert, namlich die Reibung zwischen den einzelnen Haaren, deren Verwicklungen untereinander, die Reibungen zwischen den kationischen Polymereren mit den Haaren und mit dem Kammmaterial und die Wechselwirkungen der Haare mit dem Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk. Mit dieser Erkenntnis galt es einen Weg zu finden, der diese auftretenden Multikrafte voneinander separiert. Hierfur wurde der Aufbau eines Rasterkraftmikroskop so modifiziert um die Wechselwirkungen zwischen zwei einzelnen Haaren zu detektieren. In einem Rasterkraftmikroskop dienen mikrofabrizierte Blattfedern (Cantilever) als ultra-sensitive Kraftdetektoren, wodurch Krafte im Bereich von 10^{-11} bis 10^{-5} N gemessen werden konnen. Um dieses Werkzeug zur Untersuchung von…
Soluble and optically transparent fluorine‐containing photoreactive polyimide precursors: Spectral sensitization by organic peroxide and organic dye combination (1989)

Abstract Photoreactive polyimide precursors involving the hexafluoropropyl group with chain structure have been developed. These polyimide precursors are readily soluble in common organic solvents and optically transparent for light of 365nm wave length (i‐line) similar to aliphatic polyimide precursors. These precursors offer high resolution patterns with aspect ratio of more than 2.0. In these polyimide precursors, the polymers which have a benzophenone segment in the polymer backbone are self‐sensitized, and show interesting photochemical reactions. The authors have been also tried to extend the range of spectral sensitivity of BPDA‐AMHFP toward longer wavelengths (&gt; 436 nm) by the addition of an organic peroxide (BTTB) and a sensitizing dye selected from coumarine, ketocoumarine, xanthen, etc.
A Summary of NASA Research Exploring the Acoustics of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (2018)

Proposed uses of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) have the potential to expose large portions of communities to a new noise source. In order to understand the potential noise impact of sUAS, NASA initiated acoustics research as one component of the 3-year DELIVER project, with the goal of documenting the feasibility of using existing aircraft design tools and methods on this class of vehicles. This paper summarizes the acoustics research conducted within the DELIVER project. The research described here represents an initial study, and subsequent research building on the findings of this work has been proposed for other NASA projects. The paper summarizes acoustics research in four areas: measurements of noise generated by flyovers of small unmanned aerial vehicles, measurements in controlled test facilities to understand the noise generated by components of these vehicles, computational predictions of component and full vehicle noise, and psychoacoustic tests including auralizations conducted to assess human annoyance to the noise generated by these vehicles.
The theranostic promise for Neuroendocrine Tumors in the late 2010s - Where do we stand, where do we go? (2018)

More than 25 years after the first peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), the concept of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-directed imaging and therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is seeing rapidly increasing use. To maximize the full potential of its theranostic promise, efforts in recent years have expanded recommendations in current guidelines and included the evaluation of novel theranostic radiotracers for imaging and treatment of NET. Moreover, the introduction of standardized reporting framework systems may harmonize PET reading, address pitfalls in interpreting SSTR-PET/CT scans and guide the treating physician in selecting PRRT candidates. Notably, the concept of PRRT has also been applied beyond oncology, <i>e.g.</i> for treatment of inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis. Future perspectives may include the efficacy evaluation of PRRT compared to other common treatment options for NET, novel strategies for closer monitoring of potential side effects, the introduction of novel radiotracers with beneficial pharmacodynamic and kinetic properties or the use of supervised machine learning approaches for outcome prediction. This article reviews how the SSTR-directed theranostic concept is currently applied and also reflects on recent developments that hold promise for the future of theranostics in this context.
Exploring Personal Attributes from Unprotected Interactions (2021)

Research, so far, has shown that many personal attributes, including religious and political affiliations, sexual orientation, relationship status, age, and gender, are predictable providing users' interaction data. To address these privacy concerns, users on a social networking site like Faceboook are usually left with profile settings to mark some of their data invisible. However, users sometimes interact with others using unprotected posts (e.g., posts from a ``Faceboook page''). Although the aim of such interactions is to help users to become more social, visibilities of these interactions are beyond their profile settings and publicly accessible to everyone. The focus of this paper is to explore such unprotected interactions so that users' are well aware of these new vulnerabilities and adopt measures to mitigate them further. In particular, we ask - are users' personal attributes predictable using only the unprotected interactions? To answer this question, we design a novel problem of predictability of users' personal attributes with unprotected interactions. The extreme sparsity patterns in users' unprotected interactions pose a serious challenge for the proposed problem. Therefore, we first provide a way to mitigate the data sparsity challenge and propose a novel attribute prediction framework using only the unprotected interactions. Experimental results on Faceboook dataset demonstrates that the proposed framework can predict users' personal attributes.
Regulation of TCR Signaling by CD45 Lacking Transmembrane and Extracellular Domains (1993)

The CD45 protein is a transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase that is required for normal T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signaling. A chimeric complementary DNA encoding the intracellular enzymatically active portion of murine CD45 preceded by a short amino-terminal sequence from p60c-src was transfected into CD45- T cells. Expression of this chimeric protein corrected most of the TCR signaling abnormalities observed in the absence of CD45, including TCR-mediated enhancement of tyrosine kinase activity and Ca2+ flux. Thus, the enzymatically active intracellular portion of CD45 is sufficient to allow TCR transmembrane signaling.
Supported Chromium Oxide Catalyst for Olefin Polymerization. V. Measurement of Catalytic Activity in an Integral Dynamic Reactor (1971)

Abstract An integral dynamic reactor has been used for the continuous measurement of the instantaneous polymerization rate. With ethylene as monomer, the rate goes through a maximum after a few minutes, then levels off, and finally decreases owing to the blocking of the surface by the polymer. The catalytic activity may be calculated safely from the maximum instantaneous rate, after correction for the monomer consumption along the column of catalyst. As examples of application, it is shown that the catalytic activity goes through a maximum with either the chromium content at a fixed temperature of polymerization or with the temperature at a fixed chromium content.
Modeling and Device Simulation of Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Lasers Based on Modal Index Analysis (2019)

We present a novel semi-analytical method utilising modal index analysis, for modelling the field resonances of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs). This method shows very good agreement with other modelling techniques in terms of mode calculations, with the added advantages of computational simplicity, the calculation of threshold gain, and rapid analysis of finite structures. We are able to model the effect of external lateral feedback and simulations indicate that the near-field peak can be electronically displaced and the threshold as well as the frequency can be controlled through external in-plane feedback, paving the way to dynamic control of PCSELs.
The novel Lyme borreliosis vaccine VLA15 shows broad protection against Borrelia species expressing six different OspA serotypes (2017)

We have previously shown that the Outer surface protein A (OspA) based Lyme borreliosis vaccine VLA15 induces protective immunity in mice. Herein, we report the induction of protective immunity by VLA15 with mouse models using ticks infected with B. burgdorferi (OspA serotype 1), B. afzelii (OspA serotype 2) and B. bavariensis (OspA serotype 4) or with in vitro grown B. garinii (OspA serotype 5 and 6) for challenge. For B. garinii (OspA serotype 3), we have developed a growth inhibition assay using chicken complement and functional antibodies targeting B. garinii (OspA serotype 3) could be demonstrated after immunization with VLA15. Furthermore, following three priming immunizations, a booster dose was administered five months later and the induction of immunological memory could be confirmed. Thus, the antibody titers after the booster dose were increased considerably compared to those after primary immunization. In addition, the half-lives of anti-OspA serotype specific antibodies after administration of the booster immunization were longer than after primary immunization. Taken together, we could show that VLA15 induced protection in mice against challenge with four different clinically relevant Borrelia species (B. burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garinii and B. bavariensis) expressing five of the six OspA serotypes included in the vaccine. The protection data is supported by functional assays showing efficacy against spirochetes expressing any of the six OspA serotypes (1 to 6). To our knowledge, this is the first time a Lyme borreliosis vaccine has been able to demonstrate such broad protection in preclinical studies. These new data provide further promise for the clinical development of VLA15 and supports our efforts to provide a new Lyme borreliosis vaccine available for global use.
Endovascular repair of diffuse atherosclerotic occlusive disease using stented grafts. (2003)

Minimally invasive techniques have greatly influenced the practice of surgery in the past two decades, especially the vascular surgical specialty. Current technological advances and refinements have allowed for the application of less invasive or percutaneous endovascular techniques to the treatment of arterial aneurysms and peripheral vascular occlusive disease. While balloon angioplasty and stenting for occlusive disease have proven successful in certain vascular beds (such as common iliac arteries), infrainguinal results are generally less impressive. This paper reviews the results of the application of covered stent-grafts to peripheral arterial occlusive disease, both at the aortoiliac and infrainguinal anatomical levels. The review includes the results of iliac artery stented graft placement utilizing a combined open surgical and endovascular technique at Mount Sinai Medical Center.
The relationship between renal impairment and left ventricular structure, function, and ventricular–arterial interaction in hypertension (2011)

Among asymptomatic hypertensive patients with evidence of diastolic dysfunction, the presence of albuminuria, even within the normal range, is associated with greater concentric remodeling, greater left ventricular end-systolic stiffness, and worse diastolic function.
LARGE MAGNETIC MOMENTS GENERATED FROM LOOP CURRENTS IN CARBON NANOTUBE ATTACHED TO ELECTRODES — A THEORETICAL PICTURE (2007)

Inspired by a recent experiment which has detected a large orbital magnetic moment when electrodes are attached to a carbon nanotube, we study the ballistic transport in metallic carbon nanotubes when a current is injected from electrodes with finite bias voltages with nonequilibrium Green's function method. We reveal, both analytically and numerically, that large loop currents circulating around the tube are induced, which come from a quantum mechanical interference, when the injected electron is resonant with a time-reversed pair of degenerate states inherent in the zigzag and chiral nanotubes. This results in large orbital magnetic moments, making the nanotube a molecular solenoid. The current distribution for various types of tube and the magnetic moment as a function of the bias are displayed.
Cav3.2 calcium channel interactions with the epithelial sodium channel ENaC (2019)

Abstract This study describes the functional interaction between Cav3.2 calcium channels and the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC). β-ENaC subunits showed overlapping expression with endogenous Cav3.2 calcium channels in the thalamus and hypothalamus as detected by immunostaining. Moreover, β- and γ-ENaC subunits could be co-immunoprecipitated with Cav3.2 calcium channels from brain lysates, dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Mutation of a cluster of lysines present in the intracellular N-terminus region of β-ENaC (K4R/ K5R/ K9R/ K16R/ K23R) reduced interactions with Cav3.2 calcium channels. Αβγ-ENaC channels enhanced Cav3.2 calcium channel trafficking to the plasma membrane in tsA-201 cells. This effect was reciprocal such that Cav3.2 channel expression also enhanced β-ENaC trafficking to the cell surface. T-type current density was increased when fully assembled αβγ-ENaC channels were transiently expressed in CAD cells, a neuronal derived cell line. Altogether, these findings reveal ENaC as an interactor and potential regulator of Cav3.2 calcium channels expressed in neuronal tissues.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies VRC07-523LS and PGT121 Administered Subcutaneously for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention (2022)

Subcutaneous administration of VRC07-523LS in combination with optimized versions of PGT121 or other antibodies should be further assessed for HIV prevention.
A Downy Mildew Effector Attenuates Salicylic Acid–Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis by Interacting with the Host Mediator Complex (2013)

Plants are continually exposed to pathogen attack but usually remain healthy because they can activate defences upon perception of microbes. However, pathogens have evolved to overcome plant immunity by delivering effectors into the plant cell to attenuate defence, resulting in disease. Recent studies suggest that some effectors may manipulate host transcription, but the specific mechanisms by which such effectors promote susceptibility remain unclear. We study the oomycete downy mildew pathogen of Arabidopsis, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), and show here that the nuclear-localized effector HaRxL44 interacts with Mediator subunit 19a (MED19a), resulting in the degradation of MED19a in a proteasome-dependent manner. The Mediator complex of ∼25 proteins is broadly conserved in eukaryotes and mediates the interaction between transcriptional regulators and RNA polymerase II. We found MED19a to be a positive regulator of immunity against Hpa. Expression profiling experiments reveal transcriptional changes resembling jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signalling in the presence of HaRxL44, and also 3 d after infection with Hpa. Elevated JA/ET signalling is associated with a decrease in salicylic acid (SA)-triggered immunity (SATI) in Arabidopsis plants expressing HaRxL44 and in med19a loss-of-function mutants, whereas SATI is elevated in plants overexpressing MED19a. Using a PR1::GUS reporter, we discovered that Hpa suppresses PR1 expression specifically in cells containing haustoria, into which RxLR effectors are delivered, but not in nonhaustoriated adjacent cells, which show high PR1::GUS expression levels. Thus, HaRxL44 interferes with Mediator function by degrading MED19, shifting the balance of defence transcription from SA-responsive defence to JA/ET-signalling, and enhancing susceptibility to biotrophs by attenuating SA-dependent gene expression.
Supplementary Data from Rebalancing Protein Homeostasis Enhances Tumor Antigen Presentation (2023)

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Accelerating inhibitor discovery for deubiquitinating enzymes (2023)

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are an emerging drug target class of ~100 proteases that cleave ubiquitin from protein substrates to regulate many cellular processes. A lack of selective chemical probes impedes pharmacologic interrogation of this important gene family. DUBs engage their cognate ligands through a myriad of interactions. We embrace this structural complexity to tailor a chemical diversification strategy for a DUB-focused covalent library. Pairing our library with activity-based protein profiling as a high-density primary screen, we identify selective hits against 23 endogenous DUBs spanning four subfamilies. Optimization of an azetidine hit yields a probe for the understudied DUB VCPIP1 with nanomolar potency and in-family selectivity. Our success in identifying good chemical starting points as well as structure-activity relationships across the gene family from a modest but purpose-build library challenges current paradigms that emphasize ultrahigh throughput in vitro or virtual screens against an ever-increasing scope of chemical space.
Scroll Technology: An Overview of Past, Present and Future Developments (2008)

Scroll technology for refrigerant compressors is reviewed from the initial invention to today’s position as a dominant compression technology in the air conditioning industry, including a projection of the future potential of the technology. Design concepts from the past 30 years are reviewed, including scroll component vane design, compliance mechanisms, bearing and assembly architecture, and low and high side pressure vessels. Manufacturing challenges related to scroll compressor machining and assembly are also discussed. Scroll compressors are now used outside the initial residential air conditioning application to include heat pump and refrigeration systems that require scroll designs suitable for use with both higher pressure ratios and extended operating envelopes. Increased efficiency standards for air conditioning and refrigeration systems continue to drive the development of efficient capacity control methods utilizing various technologies such as discrete capacity steps, vapor injection/economizer cycle and inverter driven variable speed operation. These concepts are reviewed and their individual benefits are discussed.