gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective separations by capillary GC on derivatized cyclodextrins. Part 1: Separation of some racemic 2,2‐dialkyl‐4‐alkoxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dioxolane derivatives on permethylated α‐, β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrins (1993)

Abstract The enantioseparation of some 2,2‐dialkyl‐4‐alkoxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dioxolane derivatives, which are important intermediates in the total synthesis of a number of biologically active compounds, was studied by means of capillary gas chromatography (CGC). The chromatographic results, obtained on columns coated with permethylated α‐, β‐ and γ‐cyclodextrin respectively, are reported. Out of sixteen compounds, thirteen could be separated with a resolution superior to 1,2. One racemate could not be separated on any of the columns. Considerations concerning the separation mechanism are proposed.
Explorer-0: A Monolithic Pixel Sensor in a 180 nm CMOS process with an 18 &#x00B5;m thick high resistivity epitaxial layer (2013)

This work presents the design and characterization of Explorer-0, a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) developed in the framework of the R&D activity for the upgrade of the Inner Tracking System (ITS) of the ALICE experiment at CERN. The Explorer-0 chip has been manufactured in the TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS Imaging Sensor process, based on a high-resistivity (p > 1 k Ω · cm), 18 μm thick, epitaxial layer. It contains different pixel designs with a variation of the collection electrode shape and pixel pitch (20 μm and 30 μm). The pixel circuit offers the possibility of varying the sensor bias and to decouple the read-out time from the charge integration time. Charge collection properties of the different pixel designs have been studied with respect to the sensor bias using a 5.9 keV X-ray source ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">55</sup> Fe) and a 4 GeV/c electron beam. The radiation tolerance of this technology in view of the expected radiation levels foreseen in ALICE has been established as well. The sensor capacitance, which is a key parameter for a compact low-power front-end design, has been estimated. Based on these results, a second version of the Explorer chip has been designed and successfully tested. The latter has a lower contribution of the circuit to the overall input capacitance allowing for a higher sensor Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Aedes aegypti Immature Forms Distribution According to Type of Breeding Site (2009)

More than 2.5 billion people, in more than 100 countries, are estimated to live in risk areas for the transmission of dengue. We investigated the production of Aedes aegypti immature forms in different types of containers. Larvae and pupae presence were inspected in 747 containers in 300 dwellings in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The statistical significance of the differences of immature forms was calculated for different groups of recipients and classified according to the type of use, volume, and material. Containers used to store water and those classified as garbage enclosed 90.2% of the larvae and 88.9% of the pupae. We concluded that a wider covering of more regular water supply, as well as regular garbage collection, are decisive factors for an effective control of dengue vector.
Click Chemistry with an Active Site Variant of Azurin (2006)

Abstract The active site of the blue copper protein azurin (Azu) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa consists of a Cu ion immobilized by bonds to four amino acid side chains. The protein assists in electron transfer in vivo . Replacement of Cu‐ligand His117 by a Gly makes the Cu site accessible for exogenous ligands. Incubation of the H117G Azu with n ‐alkane linkers carrying imidazole groups at opposite ends leads to the formation of noncovalently linked Azu dimers. The active site of H117G Azu is vulnerable to Cu‐catalyzed oxidative attack. Replacement of Cu II by Zn II leads to stable dimers, whose structures have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. These structures are reported here. The similarity in the structure of the active site between the wild type ( wt ) Zn‐Azu and the dimer is remarkable in light of the different relation of the coordinating imidazole to the protein framework (covalently attached vs. exogenous origin, respectively). The part of the “ligand loop” running from amino acid 116 to 121 has acquired increased flexibility in the mutant. The connected subunits have adopted an unexpected orientation relative to each other.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Abstract 2399: LAG-3/PD-L1 mAb2can overcome PD-L1-mediated compensatory upregulation of LAG-3 induced by single-agent checkpoint blockade (2019)

FS118, currently tested in Phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced malignancies (NCT03440437), is a first-in-class bispecific antagonistic antibody (known as mAb2) targeting LAG-3 (Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3) and PD-L1 (Programmed Death-Ligand 1), two immune checkpoint molecules that promote tumour escape from immune surveillance. Resistance to anti-PD-1 treatment is associated with upregulation of other checkpoint inhibitor receptors such as LAG-3. Dual targeting in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using bispecific monoclonal antibodies could potentially overcome this resistance, further increase the clinical benefit of ICB therapy and prevent relapse or resistance after immunotherapy. In a syngeneic model we used a surrogate mAb2 of FS118 (blocking both mPD-L1 and mLAG-3 binding to their receptors) to determine the effect of dual checkpoint blockade on tumour growth and to elucidate the modulation of the underlying immune mechanisms following treatment with the mAb2. Dual blockade of LAG-3 and PD-L1 with the surrogate mAb2 in the MC38 tumour-bearing mice model resulted in an increased anti-tumour activity comparable to a combination of the single agents targeting LAG-3 and PD-L1. Moreover, the mAb2 and single agent combination resulted in distinct modulations of LAG-3 and PD-L1 cell surface expression within the spleen and tumour microenvironment (TME). While both the mAb2 and combination therapy significantly reduced the number of free PD-L1 binding sites on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and TME, total LAG-3 cell surface expression increased following treatment with the combination, whereas it reduced with mAb2 treatment. In addition, analysis of serum samples collected at various timepoints confirmed evidence of drug target engagement with increasing levels of both soluble LAG-3 (sLAG-3) and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in the mAb2 treated animals. Modulation of sPD-L1 levels in the serum of treated animals was also observed in cynomolgus monkeys treated with FS118. These data provide a strong rationale for investigating both cell surface and soluble LAG-3 and PD-L1 levels as potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers in further clinical development.Citation Format: Mustapha Faroudi, Matthew Kraman, Natalie Fosh, Claire Reader, Daniel Gliddon, Claire Seal, Christa Lucas, Alexander Koers, Mateusz Wydro, Michelle Morrow, Neil Brewis. LAG-3/PD-L1 mAb2 can overcome PD-L1-mediated compensatory upregulation of LAG-3 induced by single-agent checkpoint blockade [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2399.
Stolt's f-k migration for plane wave ultrasound imaging (2013)

Ultrafast ultrasound is an emerging modality that offers new perspectives and opportunities in medical imaging. Plane wave imaging (PWI) allows one to attain very high frame rates by transmission of planar ultrasound wave-fronts. As a plane wave reaches a given scatterer, the latter becomes a secondary source emitting upward spherical waves and creating a diffraction hyperbola in the received RF signals. To produce an image of the scatterers, all the hyperbolas must be migrated back to their apexes. To perform beamforming of plane wave echo RFs and return high-quality images at high frame rates, we propose a new migration method carried out in the frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain. The f-k migration for PWI has been adapted from the Stolt migration for seismic imaging. This migration technique is based on the exploding reflector model (ERM), which consists in assuming that all the scatterers explode in concert and become acoustic sources. The classical ERM model, however, is not appropriate for PWI. We showed that the ERM can be made suitable for PWI by a spatial transformation of the hyperbolic traces present in the RF data. In vitro experiments were performed to outline the advantages of PWI with Stolt's f-k migration over the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) approach. The Stolt's f-k migration was also compared with the Fourier-based method developed by J.-Y. Lu. Our findings show that multi-angle compounded f-k migrated images are of quality similar to those obtained with a stateof- the-art dynamic focusing mode. This remained true even with a very small number of steering angles, thus ensuring a highly competitive frame rate. In addition, the new FFT-based f-k migration provides comparable or better contrast-to-noise ratio and lateral resolution than the Lu's and DAS migration schemes. Matlab codes for the Stolt's f-k migration for PWI are provided.
Selection of the biological activity of DNJ neoglycoconjugates through click length variation of the side chain (2011)

A series of neoglycoconjugates derived from deoxynojirimycin has been prepared by click connection with functionalised adamantanes. They have been assayed as glycosidase inhibitors, as inhibitors of the glycoenzymes relevant to the treatment of Gaucher disease, as well as correctors of the defective ion-transport protein involved in cystic fibrosis. We have demonstrated that it is possible to selectively either strongly inhibit ER-α-glucosidases and ceramide glucosyltransferase or restore the activity of CFTR in CF-KM4 cells by varying the length of the alkyl chain linking DNJ and adamantane.
Relationship between Magnesium and Zinc Levels of the Diet and Its Protein Utilization (1985)

Protein utilization of the diet was tested in relation to different levels of magnesium and zinc in rats. The experimental diets contained either a low (0.14 g Mg or 10 mg Zn/kg) or adequate (0.45 g Mg or 40 mg Zn/kg) level of Mg or Zn and two different quality protein sources: casein or wheat gluten. Net protein utilization and net protein radio indexes in case of casein were significantly lower for the diet containing a low level of Mg or Zn. For gluten diets, such differences were not observed. Digestibility of protein measured in rats fed a low Mg or Zn casein diet was the same as for the diets with an adequate content of these minerals. Rats fed low Mg or Zn casein diets showed a significantly lower plasma Mg or Zn and a lower liver DNA content in comparison to the rats on adequate Mg or Zn diets. The results indicate that the utilization of protein is affected by Mg and Zn content of the diet and that this relationship depends on the quality of protein.
Self-service financial control and organizational governance in cloud (2012)

Cloud computing touts the benefits of self service and auto scaling, but its negative impact on an enterprise's business process and culture change is often neglected. This paper addresses two risks introduced by Cloud, i.e., losing financial control in IT spending and losing organizational governance. The root cause of these risks is due to the fact that the account structure in today's Cloud does not reflect the typical hierarchical organization structure in an enterprise. Therefore, it is hard to implement in Cloud the traditional business processes that enforce IT financial control and organizational governance. We propose a solution where the Cloud provider offers mechanisms to enforce financial control and organizational governance, while the policies are provided by customers through self service in the Cloud portal. Intuitively, we extend the concept of self service from resource provisioning into the area of financial control and organizational governance. Specifically, we introduce the concept of credit token in Cloud to resemble how budget allocation trickles down in a traditional organization, and introduce a hierarchical structure among Cloud accounts so that an ancestor account has privileges over a descendant account to enforce governance.
Overlay accuracy in 0.18-μm copper dual-damascene process (2002)

As overlay budgets shrink with design rules, the importance of overlay metrology accuracy increases. We have investigated the overlay accuracy of a 0.18mm design rule Copper-Dual-Damascene process by comparing the overlay metrology results at the After Develop (DI) and After Etch (FI) stages. The comparisons were done on five process layers on production wafers, while ensuring that the DI and FI measurements were always done on the same wafer. In addition, we measured the in-die overlay on one of the process layers (Poly Gate) using a CD-SEM, and compared the results to the optical overlay metrology in the scribe-line. We found that a serious limitation to in-die overlay calibration was the lack of suitable structures measurable by CD-SEM. We will present quantitative results from our comparisons, as well as a recommendation for incorporating CD-SEM-measurable structures in the chip area in future reticle designs.
Quantitation of T-cell neogenesis in vivo after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adults (2001)

Following myeloablative therapy, it is unknown to what extent age-dependent thymic involution limits the generation of new T cells with a diverse repertoire. Normal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in T-cell progenitors results in the generation of T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs). In this study, a quantitative assay for TRECs was used to measure T-cell neogenesis in adult patients with leukemia who received myeloablative therapy followed by transplantation of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. Although phenotypically mature T cells had recovered by 1 to 2 months after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), TREC levels remained low for 3 months after BMT. T-cell neogenesis became evident by 6 months, and normal levels of adult thymic function were restored at 6 to 12 months after BMT. Subsequent leukemia relapse in some patients was associated with reduced TREC levels, but infusion of mature donor CD4(+) T cells resulted in rapid restoration of thymic function. These studies demonstrate that T-cell neogenesis contributes to immune reconstitution in adult patients and suggest that thymic function can be manipulated in vivo. (Blood. 2001;98:1116-1121)
Effects of bisphenol A on the development of central immune organs of specific-pathogen-free chick embryos (2012)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical estrogen widely used in the food packaging industry, especially in baby bottles. Its toxicity for the fetus has become a great concern in recent years. In the present study, the effects of BPA on the development of central immune organs in chick embryos were investigated. A total of 30 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chick embryos were divided into BPA, control, and vehicle group. Chick embryos were exposed to BPA (250 μg per egg), saline (control), or corn oil (vehicle) on embryonic day 9 (ED9) by injection into the allantoic cavity. Thymuses and bursae of Fabricius were collected on ED22. The microscopic examination of tissue structure and ultrastructure was carried out for histopathological changes of thymus and the bursa of Fabricius morphology under light and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). In the BPA group, the weight index of the bursae of Fabricius was significantly reduced (p < 0.01); the number of lymphatic follicles in the bursae of Fabricius was remarkably decreased (p < 0.01); and the thickness of the thymus cortex and medulla was reduced (p < 0.01). Light microscope and SEM examinations further showed that the lymphatic follicles and epithelial cells of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were damaged by BPA. Our study confirms a direct toxicity of BPA at a very low-dose level on the development of the central immune organs of SPF chick embryos. However, more studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Protection by alpha 1-acid glycoprotein against tumor necrosis factor-induced lethality. (1994)

We here report that alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, a typical acute phase protein, protects mice from lethal shock induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or endotoxin. The protection is observed both in normal and in galactosamine-sensitized mice. Optimal desensitization requires at least 3 mg alpha 1-acid glycoprotein administered 2 h before the lethal challenge. Under these conditions, complete inhibition of all TNF-induced metabolic changes was observed: fall in body temperature, release of liver transaminases, enhanced clotting time, and mortality. The known platelet aggregation-inhibitory activity of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein provides a possible explanation for this protective capacity.
Using rapid developing and developing speed model to decrease line width in electron beam lithography (2014)

In this paper, we have established a developing speed model for electron beam lithography. By applying this model and a rapid developing method, we successfully decrease the line width by 51%. Furthermore, we can easily narrow down the line width without adding complex processes on the substrate. Some researches has used many ways to supress the scatterings of electron intensity distribution and control the beam profiles by simulations. In the other hand, we limit the level of developed patterns. This method is easier to perform, however, has not been studied formerly. Aiming for Nano structural devices, this model is valuable and worth studying.
Key Research Issues in the 4th Generation Wireless Infrastructures (1998)

The world of communication is now developing faster than ever. Telecommunication infrastructure deployment in contrast is a slow and costly process demanding a long-range strategic perspective in decision making. As a consequence, R&amp;amp;D efforts are concerned with problems on a time horizon of 10 years or more. Studying the feasibility and viability of various future infrastructure architectures and potential road-maps of their deployment is the focus for the 4 th Generation Wireless Infrastructures project within PCC. Determining technological and other bottlenecks to find key areas for research in this area is a very important element in these studies. The methods used for this purpose are various scenario techniques. Plausible scenarios, describing the telecommunication scene in 2010, have been designed based on a number of global trends in technology, economy and politics. The scenario trends have also been verified by using a Delphi survey among leading industrials and scientists ...
A Comparison of Four Modes of Evaluating Depth of Cure of Light-activated Composites (1987)

Four commonly used methods for evaluating depth of cure in light-activated composites were compared. Optical and scraping methods correlate well, but severely overestimate depth of cure as compared with hardness testing or degree of conversion analysis. Degree of conversion appears to be the most sensitive test of depth of cure.
ScaDL 2022 Invited Talk 4: Sustainable AI @ Scale: Accelerating AI models for billions of users (2022)

AI is a foundational technology at Meta: we use AI to identify relevant and interesting content our users delight at interacting with, to translate content to transcend language barriers, and to keep our communities safe by identifying inappropriate content, such as bullying, domestic violence and terrorism in images, videos, and text. The need for ever higher quality models intersects with the imperative of keeping AI growth sustainable. While academic research has emphasized an exponential resource growth of models to deliver quality, we must bend the curve to ensure sustainable growth and minimize environmental impact. As we are looking for ever higher quality, larger scale models to deliver on our mission to connect users and build safe communities, AI accelerators provide the foundation for scaling up quality, while keeping power consumption manageable and sustainable, and delivering on our sustainability commitments.
Photogeneration of amines from α-keto carbamates: design and preparation of photoactive compounds (1997)

The design and synthesis of substituted desyl (2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethyl) groups has been investigated to create new photolabile protecting groups. The photoreactivity of these chromophores stems from the diverse photochemistry of the desyl group. Several chromophore designs have been explored in which the substitution pattern of the parent desyl chromophore was varied systematically. The required benzoin chromophores are prepared by a variety of synthetic routes, depending on the structure of the benzoin chromophore desired. Symmetrical benzoins are readily available via the benzoin condensation. Unsymmetrical benzoins including 2,2-disubstituted α-hydroxy ketones are generally prepared via trimethylsilyl (TMS) masked cyanohydrins. On reaction with a Grignard reagent, the TMS masked cyanohydrin functions as an α-hydroxycarbonyl equivalent to form α-hydroxy ketones. Alternatively, lithiation of a TMS masked cyanohydrin generates a benzoyl anion equivalent which reacts with aldehydes and ketones to generate substituted benzoins. These desyl chromophores have significant potential as new photolabile protecting moieties for a variety of functional groups and are used to mask primary and secondary amines as photosensitive α-keto carbamates. The substituted benzoin carbamates are readily prepared from the appropriate benzoin by reaction with isocyanates or by activation as a mixed carbonate followed by reaction with the free amine. These α-keto carbamates are interesting for two main reasons. First, the facile synthesis of these materials indicates the ease of introduction of the desyl based photolabile group. Second, these α-keto carbamates may be used for rapid evaluation of novel photoactive desyl based chromophores.
Integrated sensing and full-duplex communication: Joint transceiver beamforming and power allocation (2023)

Beamforming design has been widely investigated for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems with full-duplex (FD) sensing and half-duplex (HD) communication. To achieve higher spectral efficiency, in this paper, we extend existing ISAC beamforming design by considering the FD capability for both radar and communication. Specifically, we consider an ISAC system, where the base station (BS) performs target detection and communicates with multiple downlink users and uplink users reusing the same time and frequency resources. We jointly optimize the downlink dual-functional transmit signal and the uplink receive beamformers at the BS and the transmit power at the uplink users. The problem is formulated to minimize the total transmit power of the system while guaranteeing the communication and sensing requirements. The downlink and uplink transmissions are tightly coupled, making the joint optimization challenging. To handle this issue, we first determine the receive beamformers in closed forms with respect to the BS transmit beamforming and the user transmit power and then suggest an iterative solution to the remaining problem. We demonstrate via numerical results that the optimized FD communication-based ISAC leads to power efficiency improvement compared to conventional ISAC with HD communication.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND THERMISCHE UMLAGERUNGEN VON SPIRO(2,3)HEXADIEN‐ UND SPIRO(2,3)HEXEN‐DERIVATEN (1973)

Abstract Das Cyclobuten (I) reagiert mit Isobuten (II) im Überschuß bei Zusatz von Butyllithium (III) unter Bildung des Spirohexens (IV).