gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Line-defect-waveguide-laser in 2d photonic crystal slab (2003)

We investigate lasing properties of a line-defect-waveguide laser formed in 2D photonic crystal slab. It is shown that a very wide tuning (-150nm) of lasing wavelength can be achieved by changing the waveguide width slightly. A LDW was formed in a triangular-lattice 2D PC slab (lattice-constant a=0.42pm) with the total size of 3.6pm x 13.6pm for F-X and T-J (or waveguide) directions, respectively, as shown in Fig.2 (a). Seven LDW lasers with different waveguide widths from 0.71pm (=1.68a) to 0.78pm (=1.85a) were fabricated. The width is defined as the distance between centers of two parallel rows of air holes surrounding the waveguide shown in Fig.2 (a). The LDW lasers have successfully lased at RT with optical pump. Lasing spectra for the devices with the widths of 0.71pm (=1.71a) and 0.76pm (=1.81a), which correspond to the devices in Fig.2 (a), are shown in Fig.2 (b). Fig.3 summarizes the lasing wavelength as a function of the LDW width. Oscillation wavelength increases almost linearly with increasing LDW width, whose slope is expressed approximately as 80nd0.1 a. It indicates that only 10% change of lattice-constant a in the LDW width gives an extremely large change of 80nm in lasing wavelength. This is in good agreement of the theoretical prediction. 4. Summary We have demonstrated successfully ultra wide spectral range tunability (80nm/O.la) of LDW lasers by the slight change in waveguide width. This indicates that the LDW lasers can be applied to ultra small multi-channel edge-emitting laser arrays and/or an ultra small tunable laser.
Bioreactor-Based Online Recovery of Human Progenitor Cells with Uncompromised Regenerative Potential: A Bone Tissue Engineering Perspective (2015)

The use of a 3D perfusion culture environment for stem cell expansion has been shown to be beneficial for maintenance of the original cell functionality but due to several system inherent characteristics such as the presence of extracellular matrix, the continued development and implementation of 3D perfusion bioreactor technologies is hampered. Therefore, this study developed a methodology for harvesting a progenitor cell population from a 3D open porous culture surface after expansion in a perfusion bioreactor and performed a functional characterization of the expanded cells. An initial screening showed collagenase to be the most interesting reagent to release the cells from the 3D culture surface as it resulted in high yields without compromising cell viability. Subsequently a Design of Experiment approach was used to obtain optimized 3D harvest conditions by assessing the interplay of flow rate, collagenase concentration and incubation time on the harvest efficiency, viability and single cell fraction. Cells that were recovered with the optimized harvest protocol, by perfusing a 880 U/ml collagenase solution for 7 hours at a flow rate of 4 ml/min, were thereafter functionally analyzed for their characteristics as expanded progenitor cell population. As both the in vitro tri-lineage differentiation capacity and the in vivo bone forming potential were maintained after 3D perfusion bioreactor expansion we concluded that the developed seeding, culture and harvest processes did not significantly compromise the viability and potency of the cells and can contribute to the future development of integrated bioprocesses for stem cell expansion.
Determination of the refractive index of photonic-crystal material from scattering measurements (2000)

Summary form only given. The rapid progress of nanotechnology now allows the development of devices based on the properties of photonic crystals, for instance, optical filters, switches and wave guides. Two-dimensional photonic crystals built as arrays of parallel dielectric circular rods by additive nanolithography using a Si-based precursor have been fabricated and investigated. Their dimensions (diameter and spacing of the rods) are defined in the production process, but the determination of the refractive indices of the rod material presents a formidable task. Bulk material measurements would require a costly production of suitable layers and their results probably would not agree with the in situ values for thin rods. An experimental method is proposed based on a rigorous theory of scattering of a Gaussian beam by a finite row of parallel dielectric circular cylinders. The incoming and the diffracted field are represented by Fourier-Bessel expansions and the translation properties of Bessel functions are used. Thus, the scattering problem is reduced to the solution of a large system of complex linear equations.
Bidesmosidic betulin saponin bearing L-rhamnopyranoside moieties induces apoptosis and inhibition of lung cancer cells growth in vitro and in vivo (2018)

Betulin has a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties with its anticancer activity attracting most of the attention as it offers a possible alternative treatment to chemotherapy. However, betulin's in vivo biological effectiveness is limited by its poor solubility. As such, we synthesized polar glycosylated derivatives to increase its hydrosolubility and enhance its pharmacological properties. Among these synthesized compounds, 28-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylbetulin 3β-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (Bi-L-RhamBet) was assessed for its cytotoxic effects against a suite of lung cancer cell lines. We also investigated its mechanism of action using an A549 lung cancer cell line. Our results showed that Bi-L-RhamBet exhibited potent cytotoxic activity toward lung cancer cell lines including A549, NCI-H2087, NCI-H522, NCI-H1993 NCI-H1755, and LLC1 having IC50 values ranging from 2.9 to 5.9 μM. Moreover, Bi-L-RhamBet (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth with a treatment-to-control ratio (T/C) of 0.54 and a tumor growth inhibition rate of 46% at day 18 (p < 0.05). Microscopic observations of A549 cells, double stained with acridine orange and ethidium bromide, showed apoptotic features. Bi-L-RhamBet induced activation of pro-apoptotic caspases 8, 9, and 3/7 as well as causing DNA fragmentation. Moreover, a marked increase in mitochondrial ROS (mROS) was coupled with a reduction of mitochondrial potential. Interestingly, the presence of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors, including rotenone, malonate, and antimycin A, reduced mROS production, and the activation of caspases suggesting that Bi-L-RhamBet disturbs the ETC. Finally, dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor potentiated the cytotoxicity of Bi-L-RhamBet against A549 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Bi-L-RhamBet can induce apoptotic cell death via disturbance of mitochondrial electron transfer chain, reduced ROS production, and decreased membrane potential.
Preclinical assessment of clinically streamlined, 3D‐printed, biocompatible single‐ and two‐stage tissue scaffolds for ear reconstruction (2020)

Auricular reconstruction is a technically demanding procedure requiring significant surgical expertise, as the current gold standard involves hand carving of the costal cartilage into an auricular framework and re-implantation of the tissue. 3D-printing presents a powerful tool that can reduce technical demands associated with the procedure. Our group compared clinical, radiological, histological, and biomechanical outcomes in single- and two-stage 3D-printed auricular tissue scaffolds in an athymic rodent model. Briefly, an external anatomic envelope of a human auricle was created using DICOM computed tomography (CT) images and modified in design to create a two-stage, lock-in-key base and elevating platform. Single- and two-stage scaffolds were 3D-printed by laser sintering poly-L-caprolactone (PCL) then implanted subcutaneously in five athymic rats each. Rats were monitored for ulcer formation, site infection, and scaffold distortion weekly, and scaffolds were explanted at 8 weeks with analysis using microCT and histologic staining. Nonlinear finite element analysis was performed to determine areas of high strain in relation to ulcer formation. Scaffolds demonstrated precise anatomic appearance and maintenance of integrity of both anterior and posterior auricular surfaces and scaffold projection, with no statistically significant differences in complications noted between the single- and two-staged implantation. While minor superficial ulcers occurred most commonly at the lateral and superior helix coincident with finite element predictions of high skin strains, evidence of robust tissue ingrowth and angiogenesis was visible grossly and histologically. This promising preclinical small animal model supports future initiatives for making clinically viable options for an ear tissue scaffold.
Cyberspace Math Models (2013)

Abstract : The goal of this effort was to explore ways of characterizing the complexity, performance, vulnerability, and dynamic properties of networks and complex systems. Techniques investigated included information theory measures and stochastic resonance, together with graphical and statistical assessments. Network persistance was characterized by the Hurst parameter in a network model based on fractional brownian motion, generalized by fast Fourier transform and studied with wavelet analysis. Network uncertainty was characterized with approximate entropy. General applicability to other complex systems were studied in the areas of sunspot cycles, chatbot detection, genetic data, and image processing.
Polymer Blend Containing MoO3 Nanowires with Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (2020)

Antibacterial activity of a polymer nanocomposite containing water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), water insoluble poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), and MoO 3 nanowires or MoO 3 microparticles as antibacterial active substances is reported. The UV-vis absorption method was used for the illumination of dissolving of the MoO 3 particles of different size and morphology in water. Dissolving of MoO 3 nanowires (1 mg ml -1 ) decreases pH bellow 3.6 in only 3 min and below 3 in 15 min, while dissolving of the PEO/PVDF-HFP/MoO 3 nanowires coating (5 mg ml -1 ) decreases pH bellow 3.6 in 90 min. These coatings completely destroy the Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 bacterial strain within 3 h. The proposed applications are antibacterial protective coatings of contact surfaces.
Does robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy benefit patients with prostate cancer and bone oligometastases? (2017)

We showed that RARP in the setting of oligometastatic PCa is a safe and feasible procedure which improves oncological outcomes in terms of PFS and CSS. In addition, our data suggest that RARP effectively prevents urinary tract complications from PCa. The study highlights results from expert surgeons and highly selected patients that cannot be extrapolated to all patients with oligometastatic PCa; to confirm our findings, large, prospective, multicentre studies are required.
Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Phosphorescence Studies of the Lowest Excited Triplet States of Rh(III) Corrole Complexes (2012)

The lowest excited triplet (T(1)) ππ* states of gallium (Ga) and various rhodium (Rh) 5,10,15-trispentafluorophenyl corroles (Cors) were studied in the liquid crystal (LC) E-7 and in rigid glasses by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR-EPR) spectroscopy. The triplet sublevel energies were experimentally determined by the alignment of the molecules in the LC and by magnetophotoselection in the glass. The sublevel scheme of GaCor was determined by calculating the zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters. Axial ligand effects and quantum chemical calculations were used for the sublevel assignment of RhCors. The anisotropic EPR parameters were used to determine the important higher excited states and the magnitudes of their spin-orbit coupling (SOC) contributions were evaluated. On the basis of these results and analyses, the EPR parameters and triplet lifetime were discussed for each RhCor complex.
Promotion of proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 responses by Tim‐1 expressed on dendritic cells (2008)

Tim‐1 has been reported to be expressed on activated CD4+ T cells and to regulate Th2 responses. Here we report that Tim‐1 is constitutively expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), the key instigators of adaptive immune responses. Tim‐1 crosslinking on DCs not only enhances their antigen‐uptake but also promotes their maturation, resulting in upregulation of costimulatory molecules and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Such DCs enhance both Th2 and Th1/Th17 responses but inhibit conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. However, DCs activated by Tim‐1 crosslinking along with TLR stimulation increase only Th1/Th17 responses. In vivo administration of anti‐Tim‐1 antibody in immunogen substantially increases pathogenic Th1/Th17 responses, worsens experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in susceptible mice, and also breaks tolerance and induces the disease in resistant strain of mice. These findings indicate that Tim‐1 on innate and adaptive immune cells has different functional properties and Tim‐1 crosslinking reagents can serve as potent DC activators and enhance immune responses.
Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol by Using a Homogeneous Ruthenium–Phosphine Catalyst (2012)

Simply efficient: The homogenously catalyzed hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is achieved by using a ruthenium phosphine complex under relatively mild conditions (see scheme; HNTf2=bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide). This is the first example of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol by using a single molecularly defined catalyst. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
In Vivo Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies (2020)

Antibody immunotherapy is revolutionizing modern medicine. The field has advanced dramatically over the past 40 years, driven in part by major advances in isolation and manufacturing technologies that have brought these important biologics to the forefront of modern medicine. However, the global uptake of monoclonal antibody (mAb) biologics is impeded by biophysical and biochemical liabilities, production limitations, the need for cold-chain storage and transport, as well as high costs of manufacturing and distribution. Some of these hurdles may be overcome through transient in vivo gene delivery platforms, such as non-viral synthetic plasmid DNA and messenger RNA vectors that are engineered to encode optimized mAb genes. These approaches turn the body into a biological factory for antibody production, eliminating many of the steps involved in bioprocesses and providing several other significant advantages, and differ from traditional gene therapy (permanent delivery) approaches. In this review, we focus on nucleic acid delivery of antibody employing synthetic plasmid DNA vector platforms, and RNA delivery, these being important approaches that are advancing simple, rapid, in vivo expression and having an impact in animal models of infectious diseases and cancer, among others.
Liposomes as a Model System to Study Shark Repellency (2019)

This chapter aims to determine whether liposomes could be used as a model for: the screening of shark repellents, and understanding the mechanism of shark repellency by detergents. Shark repellency was tested using nonionic and ionic detergents. The latter include anionic and cationic detergents. The determination of electrical surface potential of the detergent micelles is based on the use of 4-heptadecyl-7-hydroxycoumarin. This molecule serves as a surface pH indicator at the interface between the hydrophobic and polar phases, such as at the surface of a detergent micelle, lipid vesicles, and biological membranes. When a detergent is added to a liposome suspension it divides into three phases: monomers in the aqueous solution, micelles, and a bilayer component. Increase in turbidity of liposome suspensions occurs upon liposome aggregation and/or size increase. The opposite occurs upon liposome solubilization, which is followed by major turbidity reduction.
Collagen fragment biomarkers as serological biomarkers of lean body mass - a biomarker pilot study from the DAHANCA25B cohort and matched controls (2015)

In conclusion, the IC6, ProC3, and IC6/C6M biomarkers are indeed biomarkers of LBM in healthy individuals of both genders, but not in HNSCC patients.
Maximizing the Dielectric Response of Molecular Thin Films via Quantum Chemical Design (2014)

Developing high-capacitance organic gate dielectrics is critical for advances in electronic circuitry based on unconventional semiconductors. While high-dielectric constant molecular substances are known, the mechanism of dielectric response and the fundamental chemical design principles are not well understood. Using a plane-wave density functional theory formalism, we show that it is possible to map the atomic-scale dielectric profiles of molecule-based materials while capturing important bulk characteristics. For molecular films, this approach reveals how basic materials properties such as surface coverage density, molecular tilt angle, and π-system planarity can dramatically influence dielectric response. Additionally, relatively modest molecular backbone and substituent variations can be employed to substantially enhance film dielectric response. For dense surface coverages and proper molecular alignment, conjugated hydrocarbon chains can achieve dielectric constants of >8.0, more than 3 times that of analogous saturated chains, ∼2.5. However, this conjugation-related dielectric enhancement depends on proper molecular orientation and planarization, with enhancements up to 60% for proper molecular alignment with the applied field and an additional 30% for conformations such as coplanarity in extended π-systems. Conjugation length is not the only determinant of dielectric response, and appended polarizable high-Z substituents can increase molecular film response more than 2-fold, affording estimated capacitances of >9.0 μF/cm2. However, in large π-systems, polar substituent effects are substantially attenuated.
CVD for the Facile Synthesis of Hybrid Nanobiomaterials Integrating Functional Supramolecular Assemblies (2009)

In this letter, we present a simple one-step, versatile, scalable chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-based process for the encapsulation and stabilization of a host of single or multicomponent supramolecular assemblies (proteoliposomes, microbubbles, lipid bilayers, and photosynthetic antennae complexes and other biological materials) to form functional hybrid nanobiomaterials. In each case, it is possible (i) to form thin silica layers or gels controllably that enable the preservation of the supramolecular assembly over time and under adverse environmental conditions and (ii) to tune the structure of the silica gels so as to optimize solute accessibility while at the same time preserving functional dynamic properties of the encapsulated phospholipid assembly. The process allows precise temporal and spatial control of silica polymerization kinetics through the control of precursor delivery at room temperature and does not require or produce high concentrations of injurious chemicals that can compromise the function of biomolecular assemblies; it also does not require additives. This process differs from the conventional sol-gel process in that it does not involve the use of cosolvents (alcohols) and catalysts (acid or base).
Power and Energy Scaling of Femtosecond Middle IR Pulses in Single-Pass Cr:ZnS and Cr:ZnSe Amplifiers (2018)

We report compact ultrafast mid-IR sources based on single-pass cw and pulsed pumped polycrystalline Cr:ZnS/Se laser amplifiers exhibiting up to 37% efficiency, up to 30 dB small-signal gain, and spectral span of 1.6–4.5 um.
Carbonation Reaction of Hardened Low-Heat Cement. (1999)

Carbonation reaction of low-heat cement was investigated in order to develop practical applications for the hardened cement, such as to building materials and concrete products. The measurement results for the pore volume and specific surface area of the hardened low-heat cement indicated that the pore volume was considerably reduced and the specific surface area of the cement was increased after the carbonation. The calcium carbonate and the reaction ratios of the compounds in the cement were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) quantitative analysis and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). The hydration of alite and belite were accelerated by carbonation. The composition change in the hardened low-heat cement, which was caused by the carbonation, was studied using the results of the quantitative analysis. The mechanism which enables carbon dioxide to permeate hardened cement was examined by comparing the pore volume of hardened cement measured using a mercury porosimeter, with the pore volume of hardened cement determined from the composition change.
Role of blood cells in ischaemia-reperfusion induced endothelial barrier failure (2010)

Ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) elicits an acute inflammatory response that is characterized by the recruitment of inflammatory cells, oxidative stress, and endothelial barrier failure. Over the past three decades, much progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the inflammatory response and microvascular dysfunction associated with I/R. This review is focused on the role of leucocytes (neutrophils and T-lymphocytes) and platelets, and their activation products, as mediators of I/R-induced endothelial barrier failure. The contributions of cytokines, chemokines, and oxidative stress to I/R-induced barrier dysfunction are also discussed. It concludes with an analysis of how risk factors for cardiovascular disease, i.e. hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, and obesity, influence the vascular permeability response to I/R. Areas of uncertainty and controversy in this field of investigation are also identified.
Discovery of Small-Molecule Modulators of the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway (2013)

The Hedgehog signaling pathway is involved in the development of multicellular organisms and, when deregulated, can contribute to certain cancers, among other diseases. The molecular characterization of the pathway, which has been enabled by small-molecule probes targeting its components, remains incomplete. Here, we report the discovery of two potent, small-molecule inhibitors of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway, BRD50837 and BRD9526. Both compounds exhibit stereochemistry-based structure-activity relationships, a feature suggestive of a specific and selective interaction of the compounds with as-yet-unknown cellular target(s) and made possible by the strategy used to synthesize them as members of a stereochemically and skeletally diverse screening collection. The mechanism-of-action of these compounds in some ways shares similarities to that of cyclopamine, a commonly used pathway inhibitor. Yet, in other ways their mechanism-of-action is strikingly distinct. We hope that these novel compounds will be useful probes of this complex signaling pathway.