gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breakdown mechanism in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si substrate (2010)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on Si substrates have attracted a great interest for power electronics applications. Despite the low cost of the Si substrate, the breakdown voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bk</sub> ) of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on Si (less than 600 V for 2 μm total nitride epilayer) is much lower than that grown on SiC (1.9 kV for 2 μm total epi-layer). Although several approaches have been reported to improve V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bk</sub> , the breakdown mechanism in these transistors is still not well understood. This paper studies for the first time the breakdown mechanism in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si substrates. In addition, by transferring the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on Si to a glass wafer, we have achieved devices with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bk</sub> in excess of 1.45 kV and specific on-resistance of 5.3 mΩ.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Preparation of Symmetrical and Nonsymmetrical Fluorene Sulfonamide Scaffolds (2016)

Methods for the preparation of symmetrical and nonsymmetrical 2,7-disubstituted 9H-fluorene derivatives are described.
Greenhouse gas emissions of biobased diapers containing chemically modified protein superabsorbents (2022)

Replacing the current mainly fossil-based, disposable, and non-biodegradable sanitary products with sustainable, functional alternatives is an industry priority. Suggested biobased alternatives require evaluation of their actual impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We evaluated GHG emissions of biobased baby diapers as the most consumed sanitary product, using a biodegradable functionalized protein superabsorbent polymer (bioSAP) and compared them with currently used fossil-based counterparts. Assessment of the diapers also included estimated GHG emissions from the production of the biobased components, transport, and end-of-life combustion of these items. It was shown that only a few of the biobased diaper alternatives resulted in lower GHG emissions than commercial diapers containing fossil-based materials. At the same time, it was demonstrated that the production of the bioSAP via chemical modification of a protein raw material is the primary GHG contributor, with 78% of the total emissions. Reduction of the GHG contribution of the bioSAP production was achieved via a proposed recycling route of the functionalization agent, reducing the GHG emissions by 13% than if no recycling was carried out. Overall, we demonstrated that reduced and competitive GHG emissions could be achieved in sanitary articles using biobased materials, thereby contributing to a sanitary industry producing disposable products with less environmental pollution while allowing customers to keep their current consumption patterns.
A Theoretical Investigation of the Critical Timescales Needed for Digging in Dry Soil Using a Biomimetic Burrowing Robot (2015)

RoboClam is a bio-inspired robot that digs into underwater soil efficiently by expanding and contracting its valves to fluidize the substrate around it, thus reducing drag. This technology has potential applications in fields such as anchoring, sensor placement, and cable installation. Though there are similar potential applications in dry soil, the lack of water to advect the soil particles prevents fluidization from occurring. However, theoretically, if the RoboClam contracts quickly enough, it will achieve a zero-stress state that will allow it to dig into dry soil with very little drag, independent of depth. This paper presents a theoretical model of the two modes of soil collapse to determine how quickly a device would need to contract to achieve this zero-stress state. It was found that a contraction time of 0.02 seconds would suffice for most soils, which is an achievable timescale for a RoboClam-like device.
Cyberinfrastructure for the US Ocean Observatories Initiative: Enabling interactive observation in the ocean (2009)

The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an environmental observatory covering a diversity of oceanic environments, ranging from the coastal to the deep ocean. Construction is planned to begin in mid-2010 with deployment phased over five years. The key integrating element of the OOI is a comprehensive cyberinfrastructure whose design is based on loosely coupled distributed services, and whose elements are expected to reside throughout the OOI observatories, from seafloor instruments to deep sea moorings to shore facilities to computing and archiving infrastructure. There are six main components to the design comprising the core capability container, consisting of four elements providing services for users and distributed resources and two infrastructural elements providing core services. The sensing and acquisition component provides capabilities to acquire data from and manage distributed seafloor instrument resources, including their interactions with the infrastructure power, communication and time distribution networks. The data management component provides capabilities to distribute and archive data, including cataloging, versioning, metadata management, and attribution and association services. The analysis and synthesis element provides a wide range of services to users, including control and archival of models, event detection, quality control services and collaboration capabilities to create virtual laboratories and classrooms. The planning and prosecution element gives the ability to plan, simulate and execute observation missions using taskable instruments, and turns the OOI into an interactive observatory. The remaining elements are the common operating infrastructure that provides core services to manage distributed, shared resources in a policy-based framework. It includes capabilities for efficient and scalable communication, to manage identity and policy, manage the resource life cycle, and catalog/repository services for observatory resources. The common execution infrastructure provides an elastic computing framework to initiate, manage and store processes that may range from initial operations on data at a shore station to the execution of a complex numerical model on the national computing infrastructure, and on compute clouds.
HF near-field probe for magnitude measurements of EDM bearing currents (2014)

Different kinds of bearing currents occur in modern electric motors fed by variable-speed drives. Meanwhile, knowledge of the bearing impedance behavior and its effects on various types of bearing currents is accumulating, which leads to a conclusion that an approximation-based approach to determine the aging impact of bearing currents is challenging. A further issue is the stepwise aging mechanism that also necessitates continuous online monitoring. In this paper, a novel magnetic-near-field probe to measure the magnitude of bearing currents is designed and tested. It is found that the nonintrusive probe is a key element in order to design a feasible, nonintrusive, low-cost online monitoring system for bearing current magnitude measurements.
Kinetic competition in liquid electrolyte and solid-state cyanine dye sensitized solar cells (2007)

The photovoltaic performance of liquid electrolyte and solid-state dye sensitized solar cells, employing a squarilium methoxy cyanide dye, are evaluated in terms of interfacial electron transfer kinetics. Dye adsorption to the metal oxide film resulted in a mixed population of aggregated and monomeric sensitizer dyes. Emission quenching data, coupled with transient absorption studies, indicate that efficient electron injection was only achieved by the monomeric dyes, with the aggregated dye population having an injection yield an order of magnitude lower. In liquid electrolyte devices, transient absorption studies indicate that photocurrent generation is further limited by slow kinetics of the regeneration of monomeric dye cations by the iodide/iodine redox couple. The regeneration dynamics are observed to be too slow (≫ 100 µs) to compete effectively with the recombination of injected electrons with dye cations. In contrast, for solid-state devices employing the organic hole conductor spiro-OMeTAD, the regeneration dynamics are fast enough (≪ 1 µs) to compete effectively with this recombination reaction, resulting in enhanced photocurrent generation.
FEM‐Simulation of the Human Mandible: A Preliminary Step for New Osteosynthesis Techniques (2000)

In the field of biomechanics, FEM-Simulation (FEM: finite element method) has become a well estimated research tool for the prediction of regional stress and stress-compatibility. Prerequisite of an analysis of the interaction of modern osteosynthesis material applied on the human jawbone is a deep understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the unfractured mandible. Therefore, FEM-simulations are important auxiliary means for the development of new osteosynthesis techniques. In the conventional setting of contemporary material science, a very modern ansatz is a combination of optimization of material and geometric design. The field of structural mechanics of the jawbone requires a vice versa procedure. One has to cope with a complex “pre-designed” geometry with an inherent adaptive “intelligent” material.
Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Sex Hormone Receptors in Superficial Parts of Human Endometrium at the End of the Secretory Phase1 (1999)

Apoptosis with one regulator, Bcl-2, and proliferation with the marker Ki-67 were studied in 75 endometrial biopsies representing superficial parts of endometrium from 35 regularly menstruating women premenstrually and menstrually. Hormonal withdrawal was studied in serum samples and potentiated in epithelium by the decreasing 17beta-estradiol and progesterone receptor scores 4 days premenstrually. The apoptotic index increased 2 days before the onset of menstruation and peaked on the second menstrual day. The high apoptotic index together with low proliferation in endometrial epithelium at the end of the menstrual cycle are similar to the involution process seen in other hormone-dependent organs. In stroma, the apoptotic index increased later, at the onset of menstruation, and the increase was lower than that in epithelium. The Ki-67 index increased during the last 3 days of the secretory phase, parallel with an increasing progesterone receptor score and decreasing Bcl-2 staining, and peaked at the onset of menstruation. The findings in stroma concur with high proliferation at the end of the menstrual cycle and high cell turnover during menstruation, suggesting the participation of stroma in the renewal process of endometrium.
Fast Voltage Transients on FPGAs: Impact and Mitigation Strategies (2019)

As FPGAs grow in size and speed, so too does their power consumption. Power consumption on recent FPGAs has increased to the point that it is comparable to that of high-end CPUs. To mitigate this problem, power reduction techniques such as dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) and clock gating can potentially be applied to FPGAs. However, it is unclear whether they are safe in the presence of fast voltage transients. These fast voltage transients are caused by large changes in activity which we believe are common in most designs. Previous work has shown that it is these fast voltage transients that produce the largest variations in delay. In our work, we measure the impact transients have on applications and present a mitigation strategy to prevent them from causing timing failures. We create transient generators that are able to significantly reduce an application's measured Fmax, by up to 25. We also show that transients are very fast and produce immediate timing impact and hence transient mitigation must occur within the same clock cycle as the transient. We create a clock edge suppressor that is able to detect when a transient event is happening and delay the clock edge, thus preventing any timing failures. Using our clock edge suppressor, we show that we can run an application at full frequency in the presence of fast voltage transients, thereby enabling more aggressive DVS approaches and larger power savings.
XPS Analysis of the Surface of a Carbon Electrode Intercalated by Lithium Ions (1997)

Surface states of carbon electrodes reduced in nonaqueous electrolytes containing 1.0 mol dm-3 LiClO4 were analyzed by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in order to decide chemical compositions of surface films formed on two different carbon materials. One is a low crystalline carbon, and the other is a highly crystalline carbon. The XPS spectra measured in this study suggest that the chemical compositions of the surface film formed on the highly crystalline carbon depends on the type of solvent. The carbon surface was almost bare when using propylene carbonate. On the other hand, a well-defined surface film mainly consisting of LiOH was formed in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate. When the low crystalline carbon was used, the surface films formed in both electrolytes were a well-developed layer mainly consisting of LiOH. The electrochemical characteristics of these carbon materials in the two electrolytes showed that irreversible reactions were suppressed by the formation of a well-developed LiOH layer. These results suggested that such a well-developed LiOH layer formed on carbon materials has a function to suppress the irreversible reactions occurring on carbon materials during the first cathodic reduction process.
Localizing the Effects of Link Flooding Attacks in the Internet (2009)

Malware-contaminated hosts organized as a "bot network" can target and flood network links (e.g., routers). Yet, none of the countermeasures to link flooding proposed to date have provided dependable link access (i.e., link access guarantees) for legitimate traffic during such attacks. Network-layer capabilities offer strong protection against link flooding by authorizing individual flows with unforgeable credentials (i.e., capabilities). However, network-layer capabilities are insufficient for dependable link access, for several reasons: (1) the capability-setup channel is vulnerable to flooding attacks that prevent legitimate clients from acquiring capabilities; i.e., Denial of Capability (DoC) attacks, (2) compromised attack sources that have acquired capabilities in a legitimate way can flood the privileged channel reserved for capability carrying packets, and (3) the global effects of flooding attacks are still unavoidable with "per-flow" based capabilities. In this dissertation, we present a router-level design that confines the effects of link flooding attacks to specified locales or neighborhoods (e.g., one or more administrative domains of the Internet) based on network-layer capabilities. Our design provides differential guarantees for access to network links that favor packets from uncontaminated domains by attack sources (e.g., bots) and yet do not deny access to packets from contaminated domains. For connection-request packets (i.e., capability requests), differential access guarantees are defined as the probabilistic lower bounds for link access: requests from uncontaminated domains have higher probabilistic lower bounds for link access than those from contaminated domains. For all other packets, differential access guarantees are defined in terms of the bandwidth allocated to packet flows; i.e., flows of malware-uncontaminated domains receive higher bandwidth guarantees than flows of contaminated ones, and legitimate flows of contaminated domains are guaranteed substantially higher bandwidth than attack flows. Potential side-effects of attack flows (e.g., multiple congested links) are mitigated by a differential routing scheme, whereby flows of malware-uncontaminated domains are routed through less congested paths while those of contaminated domains are routed through the "pinned" default paths. We present analytical models for the proposed notions of dependable link access, and evaluate our router design both by comprehensive simulations under different attack scenarios and by comparisons with other flooding-defense schemes.
In Vivo Quantitative Analysis of Anterior Chamber White Blood Cell Mixture Composition Using Spectroscopic Optical Coherence Tomography (2021)

Anterior uveitis is the most common form of intraocular inflammation, and one of its main signs is the presence of white blood cells (WBCs) in the anterior chamber (AC). Clinically, the true composition of cells can currently only be obtained using AC paracentesis, an invasive procedure to obtain AC fluid requiring needle insertion into the AC. We previously developed a spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (SOCT) analysis method to differentiate between populations of RBCs and subtypes of WBCs, including granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes, both in vitro and in ACs of excised porcine eyes. We have shown that different types of WBCs have distinct characteristic size distributions, extracted from the backscattered reflectance spectrum of individual cells using Mie theory. Here, we further develop our method to estimate the composition of blood cell mixtures, both in vitro and in vivo. To do so, we estimate the size distribution of unknown cell mixtures by fitting the distribution observed using SOCT with a weighted combination of reference size distributions of each WBC type calculated using kernel density estimation. We validate the accuracy of our estimation in an in vitro study, by comparing our results for a given WBC sample mixture with the cellular concentrations measured by a hemocytometer and SOCT images before mixing. We also conducted a small in vivo quantitative cell mixture validation pilot study which demonstrates congruence between our method and AC paracentesis in two patients with uveitis. The SOCT based method appears promising to provide quantitative diagnostic information of cellular responses in the ACs of patients with uveitis.
90 vs 50-Watt Radiofrequency Applications for Pulmonary Vein Isolation: Experimental and Clinical Findings (2022)

Experimentally, using the QDOT-MICRO catheter, 90 W-4 seconds lesions are mostly transmural in the thin-walled right atrium of swine (median depth 1.87 mm) with a moderate lesion diameter of 6.62 mm but retain the potential for collateral damage. Clinically, 90 W-4 seconds applications are associated with a lower first-pass PVI rate and a higher acute PV reconnection rate than 50 W applications but similar safety outcomes and effectiveness at 1 year.
AirSenseWare: Sensor-network Middleware for Information Sharing (2007)

AirSenseWare, a sensor-network middleware that provides abstraction models to user applications is described. The abstract modeling and its event-delivering mechanism let a user handle the real world model, instead of a sensor node itself, and hide its unexpected dynamic behaviour such as node adding, removing, and position changes. These abstraction models are shareable, which leads the cooperative construction of the real world model. AirSenseWare also serves the application independent maintenance services that lead the easy maintenance for large-scale sensor network infrastructure.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthetic Route to Macrocyclic cis‐3‐Phenylproline Derivatives as Mimics of Sandostatin®. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lessons on Combining Topology and Geography - Visual Analytics for Electrical Outage Management (2016)

Outage management in electrical networks is a complex task for operators and requires comprehensive overviews of the topology. At the same time valuable information for detecting the root cause may have geographical context such as digging activities or falling trees. Consequently, vendors of state-of-the-art SCADA systems started to integrate this valuable information source as well. However, in todays systems both views are separated, requiring operators to mentally connect the geographical and topological information. The wish of operators is to provide a comprehensive combination of both spaces in a single view. However, how to project geographical elements into the topology to support the workflow of real operators is yet unclear. In this paper, we present a design study for an interactive visualization system that provides a comprehensive overview for power grid operators. It provides full coverage of both spaces in order to measure how real operators make use of the geographical information. It bypasses the projection problem by interactive brushing-and-linking to support associative analysis. We extracted the mental-model of domain experts in real use cases and found a general bias source in sequential analysis of two spaces. We contribute our problem and task abstraction, lessons learned, and implications for future research.
A cyclic A/D converter with pixel noise and column-wise offset canceling for CMOS image sensors (2005)

A cyclic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with pixel noise and column-wise offset canceling for CMOS image sensors is presented. By adding cross connection switches to a cyclic ADC, a column-wise fixed pattern noise due to the amplifier's offset variations is greatly reduced. The proposed ADC also acts as a pixel noise canceller The ADC is optimized with respect to area and power consumption in order to allow the integration of a parallel array at the column of the image sensors. A prototype 12-bit cyclic ADC implemented using a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology exhibits a 4LSB maximum integral nonlinearity (INL) and 0.9LSB maximum differential non-linearity (DNL) without calibration and 1.5mVp-p column-wise offset deviation. The ADC has 62dB signal-to-noise ratio at 1 Msample/s. The power dissipation is 0.43mW at 3.3V supplies, and the area of one channel is 0.04 /spl times/ 1.2mm/sup 2/.
Supplementary Table 2 from Characterization of <i>TMPRSS2</i>-ETS Gene Aberrations in Androgen-Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Characterization of &lt;i&gt;TMPRSS2&lt;/i&gt;-ETS Gene Aberrations in Androgen-Independent Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Simple nanoliter refractive index detector (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple nanoliter refractive index detectorDarryl J. Bornhop and Norman J. DovichiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 2, 504–505Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00293a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (314 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts