gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The histone methyltransferase Ezh2 is a crucial epigenetic regulator of allogeneic T-cell responses mediating graft-versus-host disease (2013)

Posttranscriptional modification of histones by methylation plays an important role in regulating Ag-driven T-cell responses. We have recently drawn correlations between allogeneic T-cell responses and the histone methyltransferase Ezh2, which catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. The functional relevance of Ezh2 in T-cell alloimmunity remains unclear. Here, we identify a central role of Ezh2 in regulating allogeneic T-cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. Conditional loss of Ezh2 in donor T cells inhibited graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Although Ezh2-deficient T cells were initially activated to proliferate upon alloantigenic priming, their ability to undergo continual proliferation and expansion was defective during late stages of GVHD induction. This effect of Ezh2 ablation was largely independent of the proapoptotic molecule Bim. Unexpectedly, as a gene silencer, Ezh2 was required to promote the expression of transcription factors Tbx21 and Stat4. Loss of Ezh2 in T cells specifically impaired their differentiation into interferon (IFN)-γ-producing effector cells. However, Ezh2 ablation retained antileukemia activity in alloreactive T cells, leading to improved overall survival of the recipients. Our findings justify investigation of modulating Ezh2 as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GVHD and other T cell-mediated inflammatory disorders.
A cobalt–manganese modified theophrastite phase of nickel hydroxide nanoflower arrays on nickel foam as a self-standing bifunctional electrode for overall water electrolysis (2023)

Alkaline water electrolysis for green H 2 production using nanoflower arrays of ternary metal hydroxides ((Co 0.3 Mn 0.1 Ni 0.6 )(OH) 2 /NF) as a self-standing bi-functional catalyst.
Stereoconvergent and -divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes by Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings (2021)

We report the development of a method to diastereoselectively access tetrasubstituted alkenes via nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of enol tosylates and boronic acid esters. Either diastereomeric product was selectively accessed from a mixture of enol tosylate starting material diastereomers in a convergent reaction by judicious choice of the ligand and reaction conditions. A similar protocol also enabled a divergent synthesis of each product isomer from diastereomerically pure enol tosylates. Notably, high-throughput optimization of the monophosphine ligands was guided by chemical space analysis of the kraken library to ensure a diverse selection of ligands was examined. Stereoelectronic analysis of the results provided insight into the requirements for reactive and selective ligands in this transformation. The synthetic utility of the optimized catalytic system was then probed in the stereoselective synthesis of various tetrasubstituted alkenes, with yields up to 94% and diastereomeric ratios up to 99:1 Z/E and 93:7 E/Z observed. Moreover, a detailed computational analysis and experimental mechanistic studies provided key insights into the nature of the underlying isomerization process impacting selectivity in the cross-coupling.
Nonbinary LDPC-Coded Sphere-Packed Transmit Diversity (2008)

A recently proposed space-time block-coding (STBC) signal construction method that combines orthogonal design with sphere packing (SP) (referred to here as STBC-SP) has shown useful performance improvements over Alamouti's conventional orthogonal design. In this paper, we propose a purely symbol-based, low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded scheme, demonstrating that the performance of STBC-SP systems can further be improved by concatenating SP-aided modulation with nonbinary LDPC and by performing symbol-based turbo detection between the nonbinary LDPC decoder and a rate-1 nonbinary inner precoder. We also investigate the convergence behavior of this symbol-based concatenated scheme with the aid of novel nonbinary extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. Finally, we demonstrate that in the investigated scenarios, it requires 1-2 dB lower power in comparison with the equivalent effective-throughput 0.5-, 0.75-, and 1-bit/symbol systems employing bit-based turbo detection.
Pre-conditioning with the soluble guanylate cyclase activator Cinaciguat reduces ischaemia–reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary bypass (2010)

Pre-conditioning with Cinaciguat improves myocardial and endothelial function after cardiopulmonary bypass with hypothermic cardiac arrest. The observed protective effects imply that pharmacological sGC activation could be a novel therapeutic option in the protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac surgery.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Pyrrolopyridylimidazolinones (1991)

A series of imidazolinylpyrrolopyridinecarboxylic acids was synthesized and found to possess potent herbicidal activity. Synthetic approaches are described that allow for the preparation of a variety of analogs in both the [2,3-b] and [3,2-b] pyrrolopyridine series. The herbicidal activities of compounds within each series are compared and structure-activity relationships are identified.
RoBDEMAT: A risk of bias tool and guideline to support reporting of pre-clinical dental materials research and assessment of systematic reviews (2022)

This new tool will contribute the study field by improving the scientific quality and rigour of dental materials research studies and their systematic reviews. Such studies are the foundation and support of future clinical research and evidence-based decisions.
Synthetic Siglec-9 Agonists Inhibit Neutrophil Activation Associated with COVID-19 (2021)

Severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, are characterized by a hyperinflammatory immune response that leads to numerous complications. Production of proinflammatory neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been suggested to be a key factor in inducing a hyperinflammatory signaling cascade, allegedly causing both pulmonary tissue damage and peripheral inflammation. Accordingly, therapeutic blockage of neutrophil activation and NETosis, the cell death pathway accompanying NET formation, could limit respiratory damage and death from severe COVID-19. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic glycopolymers that activate signaling of the neutrophil checkpoint receptor Siglec-9 suppress NETosis induced by agonists of viral toll-like receptors (TLRs) and plasma from patients with severe COVID-19. Thus, Siglec-9 agonism is a promising therapeutic strategy to curb neutrophilic hyperinflammation in COVID-19.
Detecting Receptivity for mHealth Interventions in the Natural Environment (2021)

Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention (JITAI) is an emerging technique with great potential to support health behavior by providing the right type and amount of support at the right time. A crucial aspect of JITAIs is properly timing the delivery of interventions, to ensure that a user is receptive and ready to process and use the support provided. Some prior works have explored the association of context and some user-specific traits on receptivity, and have built post-study machine-learning models to detect receptivity. For effective intervention delivery, however, a JITAI system needs to make in-the-moment decisions about a user's receptivity. To this end, we conducted a study in which we deployed machine-learning models to detect receptivity in the natural environment, i.e., in free-living conditions. We leveraged prior work regarding receptivity to JITAIs and deployed a chatbot-based digital coach - Ally - that provided physical-activity interventions and motivated participants to achieve their step goals. We extended the original Ally app to include two types of machine-learning model that used contextual information about a person to predict when a person is receptive: a <i>static model</i> that was built before the study started and remained constant for all participants and an <i>adaptive model</i> that continuously learned the receptivity of individual participants and updated itself as the study progressed. For comparison, we included a <i>control model</i> that sent intervention messages at random times. The app randomly selected a delivery model for each intervention message. We observed that the machine-learning models led up to a 40% improvement in receptivity as compared to the control model. Further, we evaluated the temporal dynamics of the different models and observed that receptivity to messages from the adaptive model increased over the course of the study.
Do Public Datasets Assure Unbiased Comparisons for Registration Evaluation? (2020)

With the increasing availability of new image registration approaches, an unbiased evaluation is becoming more needed so that clinicians can choose the most suitable approaches for their applications. Current evaluations typically use landmarks in manually annotated datasets. As a result, the quality of annotations is crucial for unbiased comparisons. Even though most data providers claim to have quality control over their datasets, an objective third-party screening can be reassuring for intended users. In this study, we use the variogram to screen the manually annotated landmarks in two datasets used to benchmark registration in image-guided neurosurgeries. The variogram provides an intuitive 2D representation of the spatial characteristics of annotated landmarks. Using variograms, we identified potentially problematic cases and had them examined by experienced radiologists. We found that (1) a small number of annotations may have fiducial localization errors; (2) the landmark distribution for some cases is not ideal to offer fair comparisons. If unresolved, both findings could incur bias in registration evaluation.
Alpha-adducin Gly460Trp polymorphism is associated with low renin hypertension in younger subjects in the Ohasama study (2002)

These findings suggest the possibility that the Gly460Trp polymorphism of ADD-1 is associated with low renin hypertension.
Adaptive Circuit Design Methodology and Test Applied to Millimeter-Wave Circuits (2014)

This paper presents a design methodology of millimeter-wave circuits that are insensitive to process, voltage, and temperature variations. Instead of using conventional direct sensing, the authors propose an indirect sensing method with Bayesian fusion, which simplifies the sensors and allows more adaptive circuit loops to be integrated.
Treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis with cyclosporine A eyedrops. (1988)

Twenty-one children (4 to 12 years old) with severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis refractive to treatment with corticosteroid eyedrops and/or 2% disodium cromoglycate (Optic-rom, Fisons) were treated with CsA 2% eyedrops in oil solution. Eighteen patients (86%) experienced a rapid relief of their subjective symptoms three to four days after initiation of treatment. This was accompanied by objective improvement of ocular manifestations and visual acuity within a week. Sixteen of the children (76%) remained controlled during the 6-week period of treatment. However, only five patients (24%) did not need any additional therapy 2 months after discontinuation of the CsA eyedrops. These findings can be interpreted as an indication for the possible involvement of interleukin secretion in the clinical manifestations of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Alternatively, the beneficial effects of CsA in this disease may be due to a direct effect on the mast cells preventing the release of their mediators.
The Anterolateral Acromial Approach for Fractures of the Proximal Humerus (2008)

Displaced and unstable fractures of the proximal humerus are notoriously difficult to manage. Successful surgical treatment requires finding the appropriate balance between adequate exposure for reduction and rigid fixation and minimizing soft tissue dissection. The anterolateral acromial approach was developed to allow less invasive treatment of proximal humerus fractures. The plane of the avascular anterior deltoid raphe is utilized, and the axillary nerve is identified and protected. Anterior dissection near the critical blood supply is avoided, substantial muscle retraction is minimized, and the lateral plating zone is directly accessed. Over a 4-year period, 52 patients with acute displaced fractures of the proximal humerus were treated with the anterolateral acromial approach and either a locking plate or an intramedullary nail. Twenty-three patients were evaluated clinically at a minimum follow-up of 1 year (average, 28 months) by clinical examination for range of motion and nerve function and a QuickDASH score. There were no axillary nerve deficits postoperatively related to the approach, and the average QuickDASH score was 25.2 (0, best; 100, worst). This approach allowed direct access to the lateral fracture planes for fracture reduction and plate placement or safe nail and interlocking screw placement.
Tuning Low Concentration Electrolytes for High Rate Performance in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (2020)

While lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries promise very high gravimetric energy densities, they typically suffer from short cycle life and low power densities, particularly at high electrode loadings. Highly concentrated electrolytes (2M-5M) may demonstrate improved capacity retention, but at the expense of added weight and cost of electrolyte salts and reduced rate performance. Here we report our counter-intuitive findings on very promising performance of electrolyte compositions with salt concentrations below 0.3M. Such a low concentration enables effective use of unconventional salts and electrolyte additives which do not dissolve in the ether-based solvents at higher concentrations typically used in experimental and commercial batteries, thus substantially increasing cell design freedom. The significantly lower viscosity of the low concentration electrolytes also allows for faster electrolyte permeation. This report opens a new and promising field of studying low concentration electrolytes for Li-S and likely other chemistries.
Spiral three-dimensional photonic-band-gap structure (1998)

We found a general type of microscopic structure that can be arranged into various types of lattice to create photonic crystals with sizable band gaps. We arranged spiral-shaped rods into three types of lattice: simple cubic, face-centered cubic, and body-centered cubic; we then calculated the band structures of these dielectric structures by means of a plane-wave expansion. Our results show that there exists a gap as large as 28% for dielectric contrast of 12.25:1.
FLOPS: EFficient On-Chip Learning for OPtical Neural Networks Through Stochastic Zeroth-Order Optimization (2020)

Optical neural networks (ONNs) have attracted extensive attention due to its ultra-high execution speed and low energy consumption. The traditional software-based ONN training, however, suffers the problems of expensive hardware mapping and inaccurate variation modeling while the current on-chip training methods fail to leverage the self-learning capability of ONNs due to algorithmic inefficiency and poor variation- robustness. In this work, we propose an on-chip learning method to resolve the aforementioned problems that impede ONNs' full potential for ultra-fast forward acceleration. We directly optimize optical components using stochastic zeroth-order optimization on-chip, avoiding the traditional high-overhead back-propagation, matrix decomposition, or in situ devicelevel intensity measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed on-chip learning framework provides an efficient solution to train integrated ONNs with 3~4× fewer ONN forward, higher inference accuracy, and better variation-robustness than previous works.
Absolute velocity measurements in sunspot umbrae (2018)

Context . In sunspot umbrae, convection is largely suppressed by the strong magnetic field. Previous measurements reported on negligible convective flows in umbral cores. Based on this, numerous studies have taken the umbra as zero reference to calculate Doppler velocities of the ambient active region. Aims . We aim to clarify the amount of convective motion in the darkest part of umbrae, by directly measuring Doppler velocities with an unprecedented accuracy and precision. Methods . We performed spectroscopic observations of sunspot umbrae with the Laser Absolute Reference Spectrograph (LARS) at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope. A laser frequency comb enabled the calibration of the high-resolution spectrograph and absolute wavelength positions for 13 observation sequences. A thorough spectral calibration, including the measurement of the reference wavelength, yielded Doppler shifts of the spectral line Ti I 5713.9 Å with an uncertainty of around 5 m s −1 . A bisector analysis gave the depth-dependent line asymmetry. Results . The measured Doppler shifts are a composition of umbral convection and magneto-acoustic waves. For the analysis of convective shifts, we temporally averaged each sequence to reduce the superimposed wave signal. Compared to convective blueshifts of up to −350 m s −1 in the quiet Sun, sunspot umbrae yield strongly reduced convective blueshifts around −30 m s −1 . We find that the velocity in a sunspot umbra correlates significantly with the magnetic field strength, but also with the umbral temperature defining the depth of the Ti I 5713.9 Å line. The vertical upward motion decreases with increasing field strength. Extrapolating the linear approximation to zero magnetic field reproduces the measured quiet Sun blueshift. In the same manner, we find that the convective blueshift decreases as a function of increasing line depth. Conclusions . Simply taking the sunspot umbra as a zero velocity reference for the calculation of photospheric Dopplergrams can imply a systematic velocity error reaching 100 m s −1 , or more. Setting up a relationship between vertical velocities and magnetic field strength provides a remedy for solar spectropolarimetry. We propose a novel approach of substantially increasing the accuracy of the Doppler velocities of a sunspot region by including the magnetic field information to define the umbral reference velocity.
Self-Healing: Science, Engineering, and Fiction (Position Paper) (2007)

Most attacks on computing systems occur rapidly enough to frustrate manual defense or repair. It appears, therefore, that defense systems must include some degree of autonomy. Recent advances have led to an emerging interest in self–healing software as a solution to this problem. It is not clear, however, if the effort to create self–healing mechanisms is actually worth the cost in terms of development effort, deployment complexity, or runtime supervision and monitoring. Furthermore, no general purpose self–healing mechanisms have been shown to be achievable for general systems; it is hard to know beforehand exactly what an application should do in response to an arbitrary vulnerability. A number of very hard problems remain for researchers to explore before self–healing can be reliably applied to real computing systems. This paper provides a critique of the current state of the art and offers the position that self–healing as a concept should be relegated to the status of autonomic computing: a goal worth aiming for as a way to push the boundary of the possible rather than an achievable end in itself. Along the way, we identify a number of important but unsolved research problems in this space.
Mother’s Genome or Maternally-Inherited Genes Acting in the Fetus Influence Gestational Age in Familial Preterm Birth (2009)

Our findings suggest that genetic influences on birth timing are important and likely complex.
Immobilization of ionic liquids in translucent tin dioxide monoliths by sol–gel processing (2009)

SnO2 translucent monolith ionogels were obtained by a sol-gel processing using bis(2-methylbutan-2-oxy)di(pentan-2,4-dionato)tin as a precursor in the presence of various ionic liquids: [BMI][Br], [BMI][TFSI], [BMI][BF4]. The confinement of ionic liquids within the gels was evidenced by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, FTIR and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The ionic liquids could be efficiently washed off, which resulted in supermicroporous solids. Calcination in air at 550 degrees C of the dried monoliths resulted in nanoporous nanocrystalline cassiterite tin dioxide particles with crystallite sizes of about 8-12 nm and mean pore sizes around 5 nm.
Advancing CMOS with Carbon Electronics (2014)

A fresh look on carbon-based transistor channel materials like single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene nanoribbons (GNR) in future electronic applications is given. Although theoretical predictions initially promised that GNR (which do have a bandgap) would perform equally well as transistors based on CNTs, experimental evidence for the well-behaved transistor action is missing up to now. Possible reasons for the shortcomings as well as possible solutions to overcome the performance gap will be addressed. In contrast to GNR, short channel CNT field effect transistors (FET) demonstrate in the experimental realization almost ideal transistor characteristics down to very low bias voltages. Therefore, CNT-FETs are clear frontrunners in the search of a future CMOS switch, that will enable further voltage and gate length scaling. Essential features which distinguish CNT-FETs from alternative solution will be discussed and benchmarked. Finally, the gap to industrial wafer-level scale SWCNT integration will be addressed and strategies for achieving highly aligned carbon nanotube fabrics will be discussed. Without such a high yield wafer-scale integration, SWCNT circuits will be an illusionary dream.
Non-invasive vascular elastography: a prospective study (2003)

Changes in vessel wall elasticity may be indicative of vessel pathologies. Recently, endovascular elastography has been proposed as a tool to complement IVUS echograms in pre-operative lesion assessments and to plan endovascular therapy. In this paper, this technology is introduced as an approach to non-invasively characterize superficial arteries. In such a case, a linear array ultrasound transducer is applied on the skin over the region of interest, and the arterial tissue is dilated by the normal cardiac pulsation. Because tissue motion occurs radially within the vessel wall while the ultrasound beam propagates axially, motion parameters might be difficult to interpret. In this paper, the Von Mises coefficient is proposed as a new parameter to characterize the vessel wall. The Lagrangian estimator was used because it computes the full 2D-strain tensor that is required to provide the Von Mises coefficient. The theoretical model was validated with biomechanical simulations of the vascular wall properties. The results allow believing in the potential of the method to differentiate hard plaques and lipid pools from normal vascular tissue.
InGaN nano-ring structures for high-efficiency light emitting diodes (2004)

A technique based on the Fresnel diffraction effect for the fabrication of nano-scale site-controlled ring structures in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well structures has been demonstrated. The ring structures have an internal diameter of 500 nm and a wall width of 300 nm. A 1cm−1 Raman shift has been measured, signifying substantial strain relaxation from the fabricated structure. The 9 nm blueshift observed in the cathodoluminescence spectra can be attributed to band filling and/or screening of the piezoelectric field. A light emitting diode based on this geometry has been demonstrated.