gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intersection of Error Ellipsoids from at Least Two Positioning Sensors for Improved Sensor Fusion (2023)

Autonomous driving requires a precise and reliable positioning. A sensor fusion of multiple complementary sensors (e.g. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, inertial sensors, odometry, camera, Lidar, Ultra-Wide Band) is typically performed to achieve the objectives of both high precision and high reliability. A sensor fusion relies on an accurate knowledge of the measurement statistics. For static GNSS receivers, this assumption is typically well justified as multipath errors are only slowly changing with time. Henkel and Sperl (2016) and Henkel et al. (2016) showed that pseudorange multipath errors can be estimated as additional state parameters within the RTK and PPP solution. Unfortunately, an accurate knowledge of the measurement statistics is often not available for kinematic receivers in challenging environments: More specifically, the number of measurement epochs needed to estimate the measurement statistics is in urban environments often much larger than the number of epochs with equal statistics, e.g. a car can pass below a tree within one second, and thereby drive from an area with excellent satellite visibility via a severe multipath environment to another area with very good satellite visibility. This shows the need for a verification and adaption of the GNSS measurement statistics with the help of other sensors. In this paper, we propose a method that checks the consistency of the error ellipsoids from different sensors by searching a common intersection point of all ellipsoids. We provide a general numerical approach as an analytical solution exists only for the intersection of two ellipsoids. The proposed method should be applied as part of the pre-processing to improve the statistics of the measurements from each sensor. We show that the proposed method is numerically very efficient, i.e. it can reduce the number of samples needed to find the intersection by up to two orders of magnitude compared to a brute-force search.
Advanced Structural and Chemical Analysis of Materials for Energy Related Applications (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Imidazole propionate is increased in diabetes and associated with dietary patterns and altered microbial ecology (2020)

Microbiota-host-diet interactions contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Imidazole propionate is a novel microbially produced metabolite from histidine, which impairs glucose metabolism. Here, we show that subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in the MetaCardis cohort from three European countries have elevated serum imidazole propionate levels. Furthermore, imidazole propionate levels were increased in subjects with low bacterial gene richness and Bacteroides 2 enterotype, which have previously been associated with obesity. The Bacteroides 2 enterotype was also associated with increased abundance of the genes involved in imidazole propionate biosynthesis from dietary histidine. Since patients and controls did not differ in their histidine dietary intake, the elevated levels of imidazole propionate in type 2 diabetes likely reflects altered microbial metabolism of histidine, rather than histidine intake per se. Thus the microbiota may contribute to type 2 diabetes by generating imidazole propionate that can modulate host inflammation and metabolism.
Semiclassical theory of stability in a laser using a generalized entropy (1978)

The stability criteria in the pumping and lasing states in a cw solid-state laser are investigated using the semiclassical theory of the multimode laser. The model admits of one (trivial) steady state corresponding to thermal equilibrium, for which an $N$-body principle of minimum-entropy production may be obtained the entropy production serving as a Lyapounov function in this case. The other (multiple) steady states are far from thermal equilibrium. It is possible to construct an $N$-body Lyapounov function in the general, multimode case for these states within the framework of the rate approximation. Near equilibrium, the linear thermodynamics of the multimode laser are developed with the entropy production.
Analysis of 3D Prints by X-ray Computed Microtomography and Terahertz Pulsed Imaging (2016)

The 3D printer can reproduce specific structures very accurately, whereas the 3D prints can deviate from the designed model. The microstructural information extracted by XμCT and TPI will assist to gain a better understanding about the performance of 3D printed dosage forms.
Sustained Release of a Monoclonal Antibody from Electrochemically Prepared Mesoporous Silicon Oxide (2010)

Nanostructured mesoporous silica (SiO(2)) films are used to load and release the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (Avastin) in vitro. A biocompatible and biodegradable form of mesoporous SiO(2) is prepared by electrochemical etching of single crystalline Si, followed by thermal oxidation in air at 800 °C. Porous SiO(2) exhibits a negative surface charge at physiological pH (7.4), allowing it to spontaneously adsorb the positively charged antibody from an aqueous phosphate buffered saline solution. This electrostatic adsorption allows bevacizumab to be concentrated by >100× (300 mg bevacziumab per gram of porous SiO(2) when loaded from a 1 mg mL(-1) solution of bevacziumab). Drug loading is monitored by optical interferometric measurements of the thin porous film. A two-component Bruggeman effective medium model is employed to calculate percent porosity and film thickness, and is further used to determine the extent of drug loading into the porous SiO(2) film. In vitro drug release profiles are characterized by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which confirms that the antibody is released in its active, VEGF-binding form. The nanostructured delivery system described here provides a sustained release of the monoclonal antibody where approximately 98% of drug is released over a period of one month.
Impact of thermal storage modeling accuracy on the optimal strategy for its management (2020)

In a context of strong penetration of renewable energies, especially in a multi-energy network, thermocline thermal storage is a relevant solution. However, its operation using heat transfers between several phases is complex. Its precise modeling can therefore only with difficulty be taken into account within the problem of optimal management of a multi-energy network. In this work, we propose to analyze the impact of the precision of the thermal storage model on the efficiency of the management of a heating network. An accurate physical model and two linear models will be compared on a case study, as well as an original metamodel : fast but able to take into account stratification heat or heat loss during the load phase. This metamodel uses the logistic function to reduce the dimensions of the storage condition. It is based on an interpolation matrix previously constructed using the numerous simulations from the precise physical model. In addition, this model can be adjusted to achieve all the trade-offs between accuracy and speed of evaluation.
Embryonic genotype and inbreeding affect preimplantation development in cattle (2011)

Abstract Infertility in cattle herds is a growing problem with multifactorial causes. Embryonic genotype and level of inbreeding are among the many factors that can play a role on reproductive efficiency. To investigate this issue, we produced purebred and crossbred bovine embryos by in vitro techniques from Holstein oocytes and Holstein or Brown Swiss semen and analyzed several cellular and molecular features. In the first experiment, purebred and crossbred embryos, obtained from abattoir oocytes, were analyzed for cleavage, development to morula/blastocyst stages, amino acid metabolism and gene expression of developmentally important genes. The results indicated significant differences in the percentage of compacted morulae, in the expression of three genes at the blastocyst stage (MNSOD, GP130 and FGF4) and in the utilization of serine, asparagine, methionine and tryptophan in day 6 embryos. In the second experiment, bovine oocytes were collected by ovum pick up from ten Holstein donors and fertilized with the semen of the respective Holstein sires or with Brown Swiss semen. The derived embryos were grown in vitro up to day 7, and were then transferred to synchronized recipients and recovered on day 12. We found that purebred/inbred embryos had lower blastocyst rate on days 7–8, were smaller on day 12 and had lower expression of the trophoblast gene PLAC8. Overall, these results indicate reduced and delayed development of purebred embryos compared with crossbred embryos. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that embryo genotype and high inbreeding can affect amino acid metabolism, gene expression, preimplantation development and therefore fertility in cattle.
Mobile-PON: A High-Efficiency Low-Latency Mobile Fronthaul Based on Functional Split and TDM-PON with a Unified Scheduler (2017)

We propose and numerically demonstrate a novel mobile fronthaul architecture based on functional-split and TDM-PON with a unified mobile-PON scheduler, eliminating the need for PON scheduling and increasing the bandwidth efficiency by ~10× over CPRI.
Natural occurrence of an inhibitor of mammalian cell growth in human and mouse cells of normal and tumor origin. (1976)

N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine was found both as a component of tRNA and as the cytoplasmic mononucleotide in human leukemic lymphoblasts and myeloblasts from peripheral blood and bone marrow samples. This hypermodified nucleotide was also found in the tRNA and as a mononucleotide in human (MRC-5 and KB) and mouse (A9, FLV, LM, and RAG) cell lines. The relative amounts of this hypermodified nucleotide in the tRNA of the cell lines and the human leukemias were similar (the mean value being 0.06 +/- 0.03 mole % of the total tRNA nucleotide content); whereas the amounts occurring as the free cytoplasmic mononucleotide were more varied but still comparable (the mean value being 0.53 +/- .09 mole % of all cytoplasmic nucleotides) for all cells investigated with the notable exception of all normal, diploid cell lines under study (0.04 mole%). A possible relationship of the free cytoplasmic mononucleotide with the nucleotide in the tRNA for control of mammalian cell protein synthesis in vivo was investigated by addition of N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine to the culture medium. The exogenously added nucleoside caused inhibition of cell growth within 3 h and cell death within 36 h at concentrations as low as 0.4 muM. No comparable effects were seen when adenosine, adenine, or N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)-adenine were added to the cultures. The simultaneous presence of adenosine in cultures containing N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine did not alter the detrimental effects of the hypermodified nucleoside on cell growth even when the concentration of adenosine was 50-fold that of N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine. Addition of N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine to cell cultures caused within the first 6 h a significant reduction in the rates of RNA and protein synthesis; whereas DNA synthesis continued at a rate comparable to control and adenosine-treated cells for 18 h before decreasing.
Spike patterns surrounding sleep and seizures localize the seizure‐onset zone in focal epilepsy (2022)

The change in spike rates surrounding sleep and seizures differs between temporal and extra-temporal lobe epilepsy. Spikes are more frequent and better localize the SOZ in sleep, particularly in NREM sleep. Quantitative analysis of spikes may provide useful ancillary data to localize the SOZ and improve surgical planning.
Energy and system size dependence of ϕ meson production in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions (2009)

We study the beam-energy and system-size dependence of ϕ meson production (using the hadronic decay mode ϕ→K+K−) by comparing the new results from Cu+Cu collisions and previously reported Au+Au collisions at sNN=62.4 and 200 GeV measured in the STAR experiment at RHIC. Data presented in this Letter are from mid-rapidity (|y|<0.5) for 0.4<pT<5 GeV/c. At a given beam energy, the transverse momentum distributions for ϕ mesons are observed to be similar in yield and shape for Cu+Cu and Au+Au colliding systems with similar average numbers of participating nucleons. The ϕ meson yields in nucleus–nucleus collisions, normalized by the average number of participating nucleons, are found to be enhanced relative to those from p+p collisions. The enhancement for ϕ mesons lies between strange hadrons having net strangeness =1 (K− and Λ¯) and net strangeness =2 (Ξ). The enhancement for ϕ mesons is observed to be higher at sNN=200 GeV compared to 62.4 GeV. These observations for the produced ϕ(ss¯) mesons clearly suggest that, at these collision energies, the source of enhancement of strange hadrons is related to the formation of a dense partonic medium in high energy nucleus–nucleus collisions and cannot be alone due to canonical suppression of their production in smaller systems.
AN ELECTROKINETIC MOBILITY MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE USING AC AND DC ELECTROPHORESIS (2003)

We have developed a hybrid method for measuring the electrophoretic mobility, ,I+, of sub-micron particles and the electroosmotic mobility, pu,, of a microchannel in the same experiment. This method combines elements of alternating (AC) and direct (DC) field microelectrophoresis and leverages inertial decoupling between near-wall liquid motion and the liquid flow field away from the wall. Images of particle streaks are captured using epi-fluorescence CCD imaging. This method allows us to explicitly compute probability density functions (PDF's) for ~1~~ and p,, in terms of particle displacements resulting from AC and DC microelectrophoresis. Accurate measurements of ~1~~ and ,uu,, are crucial to studies of colloidal suspension stability, obtaining particle tracking-based velocimetry measurements of electroosmotic flow fields (I), and the quantification of bioanalytical devices, which use electrokinetic particles (2). We present a method that uses CCD imaging, particle tracking velocimetry WV, and a streak-processing algorithm to quantify distributions of particle displacements acquired under both DC and AC field conditions. The method enables the individual quantification of more than 1,000 colloidal particles in a single experiment. 2. THEORY In a laboratory frame of reference, the velocity of charged colloidal particle up at any time is a linear superposition of its electrophoretic velocity I+ and local fluid velocity UP arising from liquid motion: I+, = uep + ufi For a DC field, Eoc, the particle velocity is uIJpc = (u,+;u,,)EDc. Full characterization of AC particle velocity requires a solution to the equations of fluid motion including inertial effects. We have derived a solution for the velocity field, ilnc, for two-dimensional (2D) periodic electroosmotic flow in a channel of width VV, depth d, and length L, subject to an axial electric field of frequency w and of the form lE,lcjcos(wt)(3). For long capillaries (MiIL > l), the flow profile may be approximated with a 1D velocity profile zi(.?), where 2 = z/d.and z is channel depth. The particle velocity for an AC field is then upw4e = Re{(~~~+l~(~lexp(i~(~))~~)~~~~~lexp(i~t)~, where IG(z))ie (O,l) and y(?) is a coordinate- dependent phase of the complex-valued li(S$ We assume thin EDLs with a slip velocity
A Prehospital Database System for Emergency Medical Services (2011)

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are not only responsible for providing prompt and efficient medical care to many different types emergencies, but also for fully documenting each and every event. Unfortunately, the vast majority of EMS events are still documented by hand. The documents are then further processed and entered manually into various billing, research, and other databases. Hence, such a process is expensive, labor intensive, and error prone. There is a dire need for more research in this area and for faster, efficient solutions. We present a solution for this problem: Prehospital Patient Care Record (PCR) for emergency medical field usage with a system called iRevive that functions as a mobile database application. iRevive is a mobile database applicationthat is designed to facilitate the collection and management of prehospital data. It allows point-of-care data capture in an electronic format and is equipped with individual patient sensors to automatically capture vital sign data. Patient information from the field is wirelessly transmitted to a back-end server, which uses Web service standards to promote interoperability with disparate hospital information systems, various billing agencies, and a wide variety of research applications. In this chapter, we describe the current state of EMS, the iRevive application, a mini-trial deploying iRevive in real scenarios, the results, and a future direction for our solution.
Anatomical effects of intense tone stimulation in the ear of bony fishes (1986)

In an attempt to determine whether or not a place-type mechanism for frequency discrimination exists in the ears of bony fishes, an experimental investigation of three species was conducted. Goldfish, Oscars, and Kissing Gouramis were exposed to intense single-frequency sound fields for 2 h and then sacrificed. During the exposure, the fish were constrained inside a waveguide at a point of maximal acoustic pressure and minimal particle velocity. The saccular maculae were examined under a scanning electron microscope to determine the location of hair cell damage as a function of frequency. Preliminary results indicate that the location of the damage may not depend on frequency. [Work supported in part by ONR and NIH.]
Comparison of Care System and Treatment Approaches for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in China versus Europe: A CENTER-TBI Survey Study (2020)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a huge public health and societal problem worldwide. Uncertainty exists on how care system and treatment approaches for TBI worked in China may differ from those in Europe. Better knowledge on this is important to facilitate interpretation of findings reported by Chinese researchers and to inform opportunities for collaborative studies. We aimed to investigate concordance and variations in TBI care between Chinese and European neurotrauma centers. Investigators from 52 centers in China and 68 in Europe involved in the Collaborative European Neuro Trauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study were invited to complete provider profiling (PP) questionnaires, which covered the main aspects of care system and treatment approaches of TBI care. Participating Chinese and European centers were mainly publicly funded and academic. More centers in China indicated available dedicated neuro-intensive care than those in Europe (98% vs. 60%), and treatment decisions in the ICU were mainly determined by neurosurgeons (58%) in China while in Europe, (neuro)intensivists often took the lead (61%). The ambulance dispatching system was automatic in half of Chinese centers (49%), whereas selective dispatching was more common in European centers (74%). For treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension, a decompressive craniectomy was more frequently regarded as general policy in China compared with in Europe (89% vs. 45%). We observed both concordance and substantial variations with regard to the various aspects of TBI care between Chinese and European centers. These findings are fundamental to guide future research and offer opportunities for collaborative comparative effectiveness research to identify best practices.
Nanowire Lithography on Silicon (2008)

Nanowire lithography (NWL) uses nanowires (NWs), grown and assembled by chemical methods, as etch masks to transfer their one-dimensional morphology to an underlying substrate. Here, we show that SiO2 NWs are a simple and compatible system to implement NWL on crystalline silicon and fabricate a wide range of architectures and devices. Planar field-effect transistors made of a single SOI-NW channel exhibit a contact resistance below 20 kOmega and scale with the channel width. Further, we assess the electrical response of NW networks obtained using a mask of SiO2 NWs ink-jetted from solution. The resulting conformal network etched into the underlying wafer is monolithic, with single-crystalline bulk junctions; thus no difference in conductivity is seen between a direct NW bridge and a percolating network. We also extend the potential of NWL into the third dimension, by using a periodic undercutting that produces an array of vertically stacked NWs from a single NW mask.
Evaluation Method of Delayed Fracture for High-Strength Springs (1998)

Effects of tensile residual stress induced by coiling on delayed fracture of coil springs caused by hydrogen embrittlement were investigated The evaluation method using strain gauge installed on coil spring was developed to detect the delayed fracture. This method was made certain of its effect by the experiment applyed to cold formed coil spring having high tensile residual stress dipped in dilute hydrochloric acid. The new method made it clear that higher material strength of coil spring brought the delayed fracture chracteristics drop due to its high strength itself and increase of tensile residual stress.
Relationships between chemical structure, mechanical properties and materials processing in nanopatterned organosilicate fins (2017)

The exploitation of nanoscale size effects to create new nanostructured materials necessitates the development of an understanding of relationships between molecular structure, physical properties and material processing at the nanoscale. Numerous metrologies capable of thermal, mechanical, and electrical characterization at the nanoscale have been demonstrated over the past two decades. However, the ability to perform nanoscale molecular/chemical structure characterization has only been recently demonstrated with the advent of atomic-force-microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and related techniques. Therefore, we have combined measurements of chemical structures with AFM-IR and of mechanical properties with contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) to investigate the fabrication of 20-500 nm wide fin structures in a nanoporous organosilicate material. We show that by combining these two techniques, one can clearly observe variations of chemical structure and mechanical properties that correlate with the fabrication process and the feature size of the organosilicate fins. Specifically, we have observed an inverse correlation between the concentration of terminal organic groups and the stiffness of nanopatterned organosilicate fins. The selective removal of the organic component during etching results in a stiffness increase and reinsertion via chemical silylation results in a stiffness decrease. Examination of this effect as a function of fin width indicates that the loss of terminal organic groups and stiffness increase occur primarily at the exposed surfaces of the fins over a length scale of 10-20 nm. While the observed structure-property relationships are specific to organosilicates, we believe the combined demonstration of AFM-IR with CR-AFM should pave the way for a similar nanoscale characterization of other materials where the understanding of such relationships is essential.
Managing digital memories with the FXPAL photo application (2003)

The FXPAL Photo Application is designed to faciliate the organization of digital images from digital cameras and other sources through automated organization and intuitive user interfaces.