gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creation of Optical Cat and GKP States Using Shaped Free Electrons (2022)

Cat states and Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) states play a key role in quantum computation and communication with continuous variables. The creation of such states relies on strong nonlinear light-matter interactions, which are widely available in microwave frequencies as in circuit quantum electrodynamics platforms. However, strong nonlinearities are hard to come by in optical frequencies, severely limiting the use of continuous variable quantum information in the optical range. Here we propose using the strong interactions of free electrons with light as a source for optical cat and GKP states. The strong interactions can be realized by phase-matching of free electrons with photonic structures such as optical waveguides and photonic crystals. Our approach enables the generation of optical GKP states with above 10 dB squeezing and fidelities above 90% at post-selection probability of 10%, even reaching &gt;30% using an initially squeezed vacuum state. Furthermore, the free-electron interaction allows for conditional rotations on the photonic state, enabling to entangle a pair of GKP states into a GKP Bell state. Since electrons can interact resonantly with light across the electromagnetic spectrum, our approach may be used for the generation of cat and GKP states over the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from radio-waves to X-rays.
Broadband opto-electro-mechanical effective refractive index tuning on a chip (2016)

Photonic integrated circuits have enabled progressively active functionality in compact devices with the potential for large-scale integration. To date the lowest loss photonic circuits are achieved with silica or silicon nitride-based platforms. However, these materials generally lack reconfigurability. In this work we present a platform for achieving active functionality in any dielectric waveguide via large-scale opto-electro-mechanical tuning of the effective refractive index (Δn<sub>eff</sub>≈0.01-0.1) and phase (Δϕ>2π). A suspended microbridge weakly interacts with the evanescent field of a low-mode confinement waveguide to tune the effective refractive index and phase with minimal loss. Metal-coated bridges enable electrostatic actuation to displace the microbridge to dynamically tune n<sub>EFF</sub>. In a second implementation we place a non-metallized dielectric microbridge in a gradient electric field to achieve actuation and tuning. Both approaches are broadband, universally applicable to any waveguide, and pave the way for adding active functionality to many passive optical materials.
An adaptive frame interpolation algorithm using statistic analysis of motions and residual energy (2008)

In this paper, a new motion-compensated frame interpolation (MCFI) algorithm using adaptive criterions to correct the motion vector field is proposed. First, an effective pre-processing scheme is done to the transmitted motion vectors. Then, unlike the conventional MCFI algorithms using fixed criterion to analyse the reliability of motion vectors, we proposed to select the parameters and thresholds by analysing the statistical characterization of motion vectors and residual energy, thus thresholds can be changed adaptively during the decoding process. Meanwhile, our new criterions consider both reliability of motion vectors and the smoothness of the region, which avoid the unnecessary motion estimation and reduce the complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has 1.4~5.5 dB increase comparing with vector median filter algorithm in average PSNR, and greatly improves the subjective visual quality.
140 Study of A High Damping CFRP Boring Bar (2004)

CFRP is utilized as a material for the shank of boring bars, to achieve higher cutting performance than that of conventional steel shank bars or carbide shank bars. Natural frequencies of CFRP considered its anisotropy by the rule of mixture is calculated by FEM. The equivalent mass-spring method is proposed to estimate the loss factor of CFRP. Combination of ultra-high modulus carbon fiber and matrix resin formulated to have specific damping characteristics consistently gives both of high natural frequencies and high loss factors. The loss factors of CFRP boring bar are calculated based on the mode strain energy method. High damping CFRP boring bars can be stably used at higher surface speed with longer critical overhang without chatter vibration.
The Immune Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer (2020)

The biology of solid tumors is strongly determined by the interactions of cancer cells with their surrounding microenvironment. In this regard, pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC) represents a paradigmatic example for the multitude of possible tumor-stroma interactions. PDAC has proven particularly refractory to novel immunotherapies, which is a fact that is mediated by a unique assemblage of various immune cells creating a strongly immunosuppressive environment in which this cancer type thrives. In this review, we outline currently available knowledge on the cross-talk between tumor cells and the cellular immune microenvironment, highlighting the physiological and pathological cellular interactions, as well as the resulting therapeutic approaches derived thereof. Hopefully a better understanding of the complex tumor-stroma interactions will one day lead to a significant advancement in patient care.
The IgD-binding domain of the Moraxella IgD-binding protein MID (MID962-1200) activates human B cells in the presence of T cell cytokines (2005)

Moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin D (IgD)-binding protein (MID) is an outer membrane protein with specific affinity for soluble and cell-bound human IgD. Here, we demonstrate that mutated M. catarrhalis strains devoid of MID show a 75% decreased activation of human B cells as compared with wild-type bacteria. In contrast to MID-expressing Moraxella, the MID-deficient Moraxella mutants did not bind to human CD19+ IgD+ B cells. The smallest MID fragment with preserved IgD-binding capacity comprises 238 amino acids (MID(962-1200)). To prove the specificity of MID(962-1200) for IgD, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line expressing membrane-anchored human IgD was manufactured. MID(962-1200) bound strongly to the recombinant IgD on CHO cells. Moreover, MID(962-1200) stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation 5- and 15-fold at 0.1 and 1.0 microg/ml, respectively. This activation could be blocked completely by antibodies directed against the CD40 ligand (CD154). MID(962-1200) also activated purified B cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-4. An increased IL-6 production was seen after stimulation with MID(962-1200), as revealed by a human cytokine protein array. MID(962-1200) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) bound to human B cells and activated PBL to the same degree as MID(962-1200). Taken together, MID is the only IgD-binding protein in Moraxella. Furthermore, the novel T cell-independent antigen MID(962-1200) may, together with MID(962-1200)-GFP, be considered as promising reagents in the study of IgD-dependent B cell activation.
Characterization of polarization aberrations in liquid crystal devices (2003)

Reflective Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) panels are widely used as light valves for projection displays. LCoS panels and the associated beam splitters, retardance films, and dichroic beam splitters display significant variations in polarization properties over the area, angle of incidence and spectral bandwidth of the projector. This paper surveys these polarization aberrations and describes a high speed Mueller Matrix Imaging Polarimeter (MMIP) for the characterization of these polarization aberrations. The characterization of projection systems and components by the MMIP enables advanced modeling and compensation of polarization aberrations.
Hi-ro-shi-ma space (2019)

“Hi-ro-shi-ma”: the word is broken and transformed on the tongue of a foreign visitor. The space she attempts to navigate, the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, is broken too on the banks of her memory. She reconstructs this space, a civic and universally construed place of remembrance, via post-memorial pathways. Territories of site and self shift and she glides on the surface of history, seeing everything and nothing. “She”, a character from the Marguerite Duras and Alain Resnais screenplay and cinematic collaboration, Hiroshima mon amour (1959), is in many ways emblematic of the body of research upon which this chapter draws. This is research that is concerned with the encounter between foreign (read “Western” and, for the purposes of this research, English-speaking) tourists and the architectural landscape of the Peace Park, first proposed by modernist architect Kenzo Tange in 1949. This chapter explores the new ways of envisioning its apparently immobile physical contours by post-memorial reinventions through interviews and cognitive mapping exercises conducted with Australians. Turning aside from hermeneutic interpretations of space via the theoretical ideas of Deleuze and Guattari, de Certeau and memory studies scholar, Marianne Hirsch, I ask less about what the site means and how it—affectively—works. How this space becomes, at once visible and invisible to foreign eyes present the park according through its desires beyond commemoration.
Measurement of $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ production in $p$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV at LHCb (2023)

A study of prompt $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ production in proton-lead collisions is performed with the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 8.16 TeV in 2016 in $p$Pb and Pb$p$ collisions with an estimated integrated luminosity of approximately 12.5 and 17.4 nb$^{-1}$, respectively. The $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ production cross-section, as well as the $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ to $Λ_{c}^{+}$ production cross-section ratio, are measured as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity and compared to latest theory predictions. The forward-backward asymmetry is also measured as a function of the $Ξ_{c}^{+}$ transverse momentum.
Reactivity of Electrolyte With the Surface of 5-V Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2013)

Abstract not Available.
S209 A Review of Adverse Drug Reactions for Bevacizumab-awwb and Bevacizumab-bvzr in the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database (2021)

Introduction: Bevacizumab inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor and is used for the treatment of advanced malignancies. Bevacizumab-awwb was the first FDA approved biosimilar medication in 2017 and was followed by bevacizumab-bvzr. While prior research supports a similar side effect profile between bevacizumab and its biosimilars, there has been limited post-market description of biosimilar adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the United States. This study reviewed cases of bevacizumab biosimilar ADRs in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer as reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods: All ADR cases associated with bevacizumab-awwb and bevacizumab-bvzr reported to the FAERS database were reviewed. A dataset containing only cases reporting metastatic colorectal cancer as the reason for use was created. Cases lacking patient age or gender were removed. Reaction types including “ineffective product”, “progression of disease”, or “death” were omitted from review. Only reports from Healthcare Professionals were included and all duplicates were removed. Patient demographic data was reviewed. Results: 571 cases of bevacizumab biosimilar-associated ADR were reported to FAERS. Of these, 46 colorectal cancer cases were identified and reviewed. 39 cases were attributable to bevacizumab-awwb (84.8%) and 7 to bevacizumab-bvzr (15.2%). 54.2% of patients were male (25 of 46) and average patient age was 61.8 +/- 11.5 years. The most common reported ADRs were: bleeding (9; 3 with rectal bleeding), hypertension (7), thrombocytopenia (5), abdominal pain (4), neuropathy (4), and fatigue/weakness (4). No gastrointestinal perforations were identified. A complete reaction list is illustrated in figure 1. Most cases occurred in the United States (28). Conclusion: Prior research has identified several commonly encountered bevacizumab-associated ADRs including: hypertension, proteinuria, hemorrhage, venous/arterial thromboembolism, impaired wound healing, and gastrointestinal perforation. While our review identified 46 cases of bevacizumab biosimilar ADRs with a similar profile to bevacizumab, non-specific neurologic ADRs and myelosuppression were more commonly reported amongst reviewed cases. Though these ADRs could be attributable to concomitant chemotherapeutics or underlying malignancy, on-going surveillance is warranted. The importance of biosimilar surveillance is further magnified by the growing support for biosimilar medication use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Table 1.: This represents the complete list of ADRs associated with bevacizumab-awwb and bevacizumab-bvzr in the treatment of colorectal cancer as reported to the FAERS database by healthcare professionals.
Determination of the optimal imaging parameters of the RODEO pulse sequence by computer simulation (1996)

A computer program has been developed for evaluating the NMR signal response of various imaging parameters and its efficiency in fat suppression of the RODEO (ROtating Delivery of Excitation Off-resonance) pulse sequence. Both spoiled and refocused RODEO pulse sequences have been considered. By numerically solving the Bloch equation modified for a three-dimensional volume of spins, for realistic RF excitations and Lorentzian distribution of the frequency spectrum for both fat and water, the program permits the imaging contrast and fat suppression of the RODEO pulse sequences to be assessed quantitatively. We have found that excellent fat suppression can be achieved by choosing appropriate imaging parameters. Imaging contrast for different tissues can be enhanced by using longer repetition time (TR) in the spoiled scheme. The complex pattern of NMR signal response and imaging contrast has been observed in the refocused scheme.
Quantum efficiency measurements of down-shifting using silicon nanocrystals for photovoltaic applications (2012)

Silicon nanocrystal (Si-NC) luminescent down-shifting materials for photovoltaic (PV) applications were fabricated by ion implantation and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The absolute optical conversion efficiency of the Si-NC-emitted photoluminescence was measured using conventional methods, and an optical set-up involving an integrating sphere. Modeling shows that down-shifting the light incident on a single-junction silicon cell (SJSC) can improve the cell performance if the optical conversion efficiency is sufficiently high. The measured conversion efficiency of the Si-NCs in a fused silica host was found to range from 0.8% to 1.84% and was compared with the efficiency required to maintain the performance of a SJSC.
Differentiable Reasoning over a Virtual Knowledge Base (2020)

We consider the task of answering complex multi-hop questions using a corpus as a virtual knowledge base (KB). In particular, we describe a neural module, DrKIT, that traverses textual data like a KB, softly following paths of relations between mentions of entities in the corpus. At each step the module uses a combination of sparse-matrix TFIDF indices and a maximum inner product search (MIPS) on a special index of contextual representations of the mentions. This module is differentiable, so the full system can be trained end-to-end using gradient based methods, starting from natural language inputs. We also describe a pretraining scheme for the contextual representation encoder by generating hard negative examples using existing knowledge bases. We show that DrKIT improves accuracy by 9 points on 3-hop questions in the MetaQA dataset, cutting the gap between text-based and KB-based state-of-the-art by 70%. On HotpotQA, DrKIT leads to a 10% improvement over a BERT-based re-ranking approach to retrieving the relevant passages required to answer a question. DrKIT is also very efficient, processing 10-100x more queries per second than existing multi-hop systems.
Study of the rare Bs0 and B0 decays into the π+π−μ+μ− final state (2015)

s and B 0 decays into the + - + -final state .
DOP47 Sustained remission in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: Results from the Phase 3 UNIFI maintenance study (2019)

The UNIFI randomised-withdrawal maintenance study evaluated the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) ustekinumab in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) who had responded to intravenous (IV) ustekinumab during induction. In this analysis, we describe the durability of remission through maintenance Week 44. At Week 0 of the maintenance study, 523 patients who had responded to IV ustekinumab induction were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to placebo SC, ustekinumab SC 90 mg q12w, or ustekinumab SC 90 mg q8w. Although maintenance of clinical remission at Week 44 was a major secondary endpoint (reported elsewhere), partial Mayo scores, rectal bleeding, and stool frequency Mayo subscores, endoscopic healing, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) scores were also used to assess remission at the level of patient-reported symptoms, endoscopy, and health-related quality of life (see Table for definitions). At baseline of the maintenance study, the proportions of patients in symptomatic remission and IBDQ remission were generally similar among the treatment groups (Table). Abstract DOP047 – Table. Sustained remission through Week 44, as measured by partial Mayo remission, symptomatic remission, endoscopic healing, and IBDQ remission, in patients who achieved clinical response 8 weeks after receiving ustekinumab IV induction therapy The proportion of patients with endoscopic healing at baseline was lower in the ustekinumab q8w group (32.4%) compared with the ustekinumab q12w (39.5%) and placebo groups (40.6%). Through Week 44, the proportions of patients in partial Mayo remission were sustained in the ustekinumab treatment groups, while the proportion of patients in the placebo group decreased, with consistent numerical separation from the ustekinumab q8w group by Week 8 and the q12w group by Week 16 (Figure). Abstract DOP047 – Figure. Proportion of patients in partial Mayo remission (partial Mayo score ≤2) over time through Week 44 In addition, significantly greater proportions of patients in the ustekinumab q8w and q12w groups compared with placebo maintained symptomatic remission and IBDQ remission through Week 44 and maintained endoscopic healing at Week 44 among patients who achieved each respective endpoint at maintenance baseline. Similarly, greater proportions of ustekinumab-treated patients had durable partial Mayo remission through Week 44 compared with placebo. Both doses of ustekinumab SC maintenance therapy sustained remission, measured by patient-reported symptoms and endoscopic and quality of life assessments, in patients with moderately to severely active UC.
Intense Atomic Oxygen Emission from Incandescent Zirconia (2009)

Particle emissions from an oxide-ion conducting solid electrolyte (tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, 3% Y2O3-doped ZrO2) have been examined using a high vacuum evaluation system. Oxygen gas with a pressure range from 10 to 3 × 103 Pa was fed into a 2 mm outer diameter zirconia tube, whose central region of 10 mm length was heated to 1400−1800 °C by direct Joule heating. The emission species were identified by appearance potential spectroscopy using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Atomic oxygen (AO) is the dominant species that is radiantly emitted from the high-temperature region. Temperature dependence of the AO emission intensity exhibits far less activation energy (∼0.3−1.0 and 0.7 eV, on average) than electric field-assisted thermal O− ion (∼2 eV) and electron (∼6 eV) emission from zirconia reported before. High AO emission flux (in the order of 1017 atoms·cm−2·s−1) is promising for use as practical AO sources.
Deep learning approach for classifying contamination levels with limited samples (2022)

The detection of the contaminants in daily food and drinking water is crucial for global public health. For heavy metals detection of Mercury (Hg) and Arsenic (As), our group has proposed a novel paper-based and microfluidic device integrated with a mobile phone and an image analysis pipeline to capture and analyze the sensor images on-site. Still, the detection of lower contamination levels remains challenging due to the small number of available data samples and large intra-class variance of our application. To overcome this challenge, we explore traditional data augmentation and GAN-based augmentation techniques for synthesizing realistic colorimetric images; and we propose a CNN classifier for five-contamination-levels classification. Our proposed system is trained and evaluated on a limited dataset of 126 phone captured images of five contamination levels. Our system yields 88.1% classification accuracy and 91.92% precision, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. We believe that this approach of training deep learning models on limited detection images datasets presents a clear path toward phone-based contamination-levels detection.
Signals and Signal Processing for the Electrophysiologist (2011)

S uccessful mapping and ablation in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory is critically dependent on acquiring multiple, low-amplitude, intracardiac signals in the presence of numerous sources of electric noise and interference and displaying these signals in an uncomplicated and clinically relevant fashion, with minimal artifact.This represents a significant engineering challenge and, in a real-life EP laboratory, is not always successful.Understanding the challenges and reasons for failure and knowing how to optimize the electronic data acquisition system in the EP laboratory can go a long way toward ensuring smooth procedures and good outcomes.In this 2-part review, we will present information on the layout of a typical EP laboratory, with emphasis on common approaches to amplification and filtering of ECG and intracardiac signals, sources of noise and interference with techniques to minimize them, and also discuss in detail the subtleties of unipolar/bipolar signals and their clinical relevance.In all of the electrogram illustrations, the following abbreviations are used:P1 ART indicates arterial pressure tracing; II and V 1 , surface ECG leads; RVA and RVAd, proximal and distal right ventricular apex signals; HRA and HRAd, high right atrial catheter proximal and distal signals; His4 to His1, His bundle signals from an octapolar catheter, with His1 being most distal; Lasso 1,2 to Lasso 10,1, circular catheter signals; ABL and ABLd, proximal and distal ablation catheter signals; and CS 19,20 to CS 1,2, coronary sinus catheter signals, with CS 1,2 being most distal.
Optical inverse-square displacement sensor (2023)

This invention comprises an optical displacement sensor that uses the inverse-square attenuation of light reflected from a diffused surface to calculate the distance from the sensor to the reflecting surface. Light emerging from an optical fiber or the like is directed onto the surface whose distance is to be measured. The intensity I of reflected light is angle dependent, but within a sufficiently small solid angle it falls off as the inverse square of the distance from the surface. At least a pair of optical detectors are mounted to detect the reflected light within the small solid angle, their ends being at different distances R and R+.DELTA.R from the surface. The distance R can then be found in terms of the ratio of the intensity measurements and the separation length as ##EQU1##