gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization With Barium of Potassium Currents in Turtle Retinal Müller Cells (2000)

Müller cells are highly permeable to potassium ions and play a crucial role in maintaining potassium homeostasis in the vertebrate retina. The potassium current found in turtle Müller cells consists of two components: an inwardly rectifying component and a linear, passive component. These currents are insensitive to broadband potassium channel blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and well blocked by barium. Differential block by the polyamine spermine suggests that these currents flow through different channels. In this study, we used barium ions as a probe to investigate the properties of these currents by whole cell, voltage-clamp recordings from isolated cells. Current-voltage (I-V) relationships generated from current responses to short (35 ms) and long (3.5 s) voltage pulses were fit with the Hill equation. With extracellular barium, the time course of block and unblock was voltage and concentration dependent and could be fit with single exponential functions and time constants larger than 100 ms. Blocking effects by extracellular barium on the two types of currents were indistinguishable. The decrease of the outward current originates in part due to charge effects. We also found that intracellular barium was an effective blocker of the potassium currents. The relative block of the inward rectifier by intracellular barium suggests the existence of two "apparent" binding sites available for barium within the channel. Under depolarizing conditions favoring the block by internal polyamines, the Hill coefficient for barium binding was 1, indicating a single apparent binding site for barium within the pore of the passive linear conductance. The difference in the steepness of the blocking functions suggests that the potassium currents flow through two different types of channels, an inward rectifier and a linear passive conductance. Last, we consider the use of barium as an intracellular K(+) channel blocker for voltage-clamp experiments.
A three-terminal spin-torque-driven magnetic switch (2009)

A three-terminal spin-torque-driven magnetic switch is experimentally demonstrated. The device uses nonlocal spin current and spin accumulation as the main mechanism for current-driven magnetic switching. It separates the current-induced write operation from that of a magnetic tunnel junction based read. The write current only passes through metallic structures, improving device reliability. The device structure makes efficient use of lithography capabilities, important for robust process integration.
Broadband Intracavity Molecular Spectroscopy with a Degenerate Mid-IR OPO (2012)

Spectroscopic detection of water, isotopic CO2, and methane is performed inside the cavity of a degenerate OPO pumped by an ultrafast Er- or Tm-fiber laser, in the corresponding spectral ranges of 2.7-3.7 and 3.1-5.8 µm.
Timing of the Onset of Changes in Renal Energetics in Relation to Blood Pressure and Glomerular Filtration in Haemorrhagic Hypotension in the Rat (1989)

The timing and circumstances of changes in renal energetics during the gradual induction of haemorrhagic hypotension were studied in anaesthetised rats by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. Animals were bled at a constant rate of 0.1 ml/min via the femoral artery. Whenever changes in renal energetics were seen, a similar pattern was observed. A decrease in adenosine triphosphate occurred rapidly and was always associated with accumulation of inorganic phosphate and tissue acidosis. Profound oliguria, reflecting a markedly decreased rate of glomerular filtration preceded the changes in metabolite levels. Such a fall in glomerular filtration rate and consequently in the energy requirement for tubular reabsorption could be viewed as a mechanism by which energy demands of the kidney are reduced before a critical limitation of energy supply is reached. During uncomplicated haemorrhage in Wistar rats, mean arterial pressures as low as 25-40 mm Hg were reached before changes in renal energetics developed. In contrast, spontaneously hypertensive rates subjected to uncomplicated haemorrhage, and Wistar rats subjected to haemorrhage during concurrent stimulation of the ipsilateral sciatic nerve, developed changes in renal energetics at higher and more variable blood pressures and in response to the withdrawal of lesser but more variable quantities of blood. The sudden onset and severe degree of energy depletion at varying blood pressures during bleeding and its more ready occurrence in animals in which sympathetic nervous activity could be expected to be increased, suggests that sudden renal vasoconstriction is responsible for the unpredictable occurrence of tubular ischaemia in haemorrhagic hypotension.
Chernobyl Fallout on Alpine Glaciers (1989)

Measurements of the gross beta activity of snow samples from four Alpine glaciers contaminated by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl nuclear accident and a gamma-spectrum analysis of selected samples are reported. The results are discussed with respect to possible risks to the population from using meltwater from these glaciers as drinking water.
All-fiber, continuous wave, Raman continuum sources for Optical Coherence Tomography (2004)

We demonstrate in vivo OCT imaging with &lt;5 um resolution in tissue at ~1.3 um wavelength using a new compact, CW, 330 mW, 140 nm bandwidth, holey-fiber continuum light source pumped by a Yb-fiber laser.
3D Polyaniline Porous Layer Anchored Pillared Graphene Sheets: Enhanced Interface Joined with High Conductivity for Better Charge Storage Applications (2015)

Here, we report synthesis of a 3-dimensional (3D) porous polyaniline (PANI) anchored on pillared graphene (G-PANI-PA) as an efficient charge storage material for supercapacitor applications. Benzoic acid (BA) anchored graphene, having spatially separated graphene layers (G-Bz-COOH), was used as a structure controlling support whereas 3D PANI growth has been achieved by a simple chemical oxidation of aniline in the presence of phytic acid (PA). The BA groups on G-Bz-COOH play a critical role in preventing the restacking of graphene to achieve a high surface area of 472 m(2)/g compared to reduced graphene oxide (RGO, 290 m(2)/g). The carboxylic acid (-COOH) group controls the rate of polymerization to achieve a compact polymer structure with micropores whereas the chelating nature of PA plays a crucial role to achieve the 3D growth pattern of PANI. This type of controlled interplay helps G-PANI-PA to achieve a high conductivity of 3.74 S/cm all the while maintaining a high surface area of 330 m(2)/g compared to PANI-PA (0.4 S/cm and 60 m(2)/g). G-PANI-PA thus conceives the characteristics required for facile charge mobility during fast charge-discharge cycles, which results in a high specific capacitance of 652 F/g for the composite. Owing to the high surface area along with high conductivity, G-PANI-PA displays a stable specific capacitance of 547 F/g even with a high mass loading of 3 mg/cm(2), an enhanced areal capacitance of 1.52 F/cm(2), and a volumetric capacitance of 122 F/cm(3). The reduced charge-transfer resistance (RCT) of 0.67 Ω displayed by G-PANI-PA compared to pure PANI (0.79 Ω) stands out as valid evidence of the improved charge mobility achieved by the system by growing the 3D PANI layer along the spatially separated layers of the graphene sheets. The low RCT helps the system to display capacitance retention as high as 65% even under a high current dragging condition of 10 A/g. High charge/discharge rates and good cycling stability are the other highlights of the supercapacitor system derived from this composite material.
Massively Parallel Single Cell RNA-Seq of Primary Lymphomas Reveals Distinct Cellular Lineages and Diverse, Intratumoral Transcriptional States (2016)

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a generally incurable B-cell malignancy which has the potential to transform into highly aggressive lymphomas. Genomic studies indicate it is often a small subpopulation rather than the dominant population in the FL that gives rise to the more aggressive subtype.To resolve the underlying transcriptional networks of follicular B-cell lymphomas at single molecule and cell resolution, we leveraged droplet-based barcoding technology for highly parallel single cell RNA-Seq. We analyzed the transcriptomes from tens of thousands of cells derived from five primary FL tumors (average &gt; 5,000 cells/sample). Simultaneously, we conducted multi-dimensional flow cell sorting to validate our characterizing of cellular lineages and critical expressed proteins. For each tumor, we identified multiple cellular subpopulations, matching known hematopoietic lineages. Despite some common features, such as MYC and BCLoverexpression, distinct transcriptional patterns and regulatory programs were evident among the different tumors. Within each tumor, subpopulations of malignant cell transcripts were compared to matched normal B-cells (Figure 1). Transcriptome analysis of &gt;13,500 B-cells across 5 samples reveals sample-specific and joint clusters of B-cells. Each dot represents the t-SNE projection of a single cell's transcriptome profile. Single cells are colored according to sample origin (control PBMC samples 1 &amp; 2; follicular lymphoma samples 1, 2 &amp; 3). Normal B-cells within follicular lymphoma samples cluster together with PBMC derived B-cells. Malignant B-cells cluster according to sample origin, except for the cycling tumor cells (upper left cell cluster). Malignant B-cells were characterized by expression of restricted immunoglobulin light chain type (either kappa or lambda), BCL2 expression, and CD20 expression. We show evidence for the coexistence of small, malignant subpopulations alongside the dominant FL population in the majority of tumors. These smaller subpopulations harbored several transcriptional changes that were absent from the dominant population, including upregulation of MHC class II expression, downregulation of β-2-microglobulin, and exclusive expression of chemokines (CCL22 and CCL17), that would have resulted in alteration in antigen presentation and of the T cell immune system. In addition, we characterize the transcriptomes of the infiltrating immune cell populations that are characteristic of this disease. Our findings provide an unprecedented resolution of distinct immune lineages as seen by transcriptionally characterized cellular diversity. Figure 1 Assignment of 13.5K B-cells to normal and malignant phenotypes. Figure 1. Assignment of 13.5K B-cells to normal and malignant phenotypes. Disclosures Levy: Kite Pharma: Consultancy; Five Prime Therapeutics: Consultancy; Innate Pharma: Consultancy; Beigene: Consultancy; Corvus: Consultancy; Dynavax: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding.
In PSC patients the influence of cholestasis and cholangitis on CA19 – 9 serum levels depends on FUT2/3 genotype (2014)

We recently demonstrated that CA19 – 9 values in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) depend on genotype of fucosyltransferase 2 and 3 (FUT2/3). CA19 – 9 serum levels might be influenced by biliary obstruction or infection. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the influence of cholestasis and cholangitis on CA19 – 9 in dependency on FUT2/3 genotype.
Surface processing on graphics hardware (2004)

Recent advancements in performance and programmability have made graphics hardware and important platform for performing general computation. In this research we examine the existing texture atlas methods available for the parameterization of triangulated meshed surfaces and show how they are limited with respect to processing surface data in graphics hardware. A new texture atlas method is proposed that is more amenable to graphics hardware allowing for seamless rendering as well as mip-map post-filtering. We further develop this parameterization method to be adaptable, allowing for the parameterization to be recomputed at interactive rates in the presence of both mesh deformations and changing surface signal information. Two new graphics hardware applications that used the new texture atlas scheme are discussed: a method for rendering real-time subsurface scattering effects, and a dynamic 3D painting system.
Nanocrystal Grain Growth and Device Architectures for High-Efficiency CdTe Ink-Based Photovoltaics (2014)

We study the use of cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystal colloids as a solution-processable "ink" for large-grain CdTe absorber layers in solar cells. The resulting grain structure and solar cell performance depend on the initial nanocrystal size, shape, and crystal structure. We find that inks of predominantly wurtzite tetrapod-shaped nanocrystals with arms ∼5.6 nm in diameter exhibit better device performance compared to inks composed of smaller tetrapods, irregular faceted nanocrystals, or spherical zincblende nanocrystals despite the fact that the final sintered film has a zincblende crystal structure. Five different working device architectures were investigated. The indium tin oxide (ITO)/CdTe/zinc oxide structure leads to our best performing device architecture (with efficiency >11%) compared to others including two structures with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) n-type layer typically used in high efficiency sublimation-grown CdTe solar cells. Moreover, devices without CdS have improved response at short wavelengths.
Supplemental Figure S4 from <sup>18</sup>F-FAZA PET Imaging Response Tracks the Reoxygenation of Tumors in Mice upon Treatment with the Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitor BAY 87-2243 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S4. Chemical Structure of 18F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside (18F-FAZA). Nucleoside analog contains nitroimidazole ring in α-position of arabinose ring.&lt;/p&gt;
Chronic decentralization of the heart differentially remodels canine intrinsic cardiac neuron muscarinic receptors (2001)

The objective of the study was to determine if chronic interruption of all extrinsic nerve inputs to the heart alters cholinergic-mediated responses within the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICN). Extracardiac nerve inputs to the ICN were surgically interrupted (ICN decentralized). Three weeks later, the intrinsic cardiac right atrial ganglionated plexus (RAGP) was removed and intrinsic cardiac neuronal responses were evaluated electrophysiologically. Cholinergic receptor abundance was evaluated using autoradiography. In sham controls and chronic decentralized ICN ganglia, neuronal postsynaptic responses were mediated by acetylcholine, acting at nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Muscarine- but not nicotine-mediated synaptic responses that were enhanced after chronic ICN decentralization. After chronic decentralization, muscarine facilitation of orthodromic neuronal activation increased. Receptor autoradiography demonstrated that nicotinic and muscarinic receptor density associated with the RAGP was unaffected by decentralization and that muscarinic receptors were tenfold more abundant than nicotinic receptors in the right atrial ganglia in each group. After chronic decentralization of the ICN, intrinsic cardiac neurons remain viable and responsive to cholinergic synaptic inputs. Enhanced muscarinic responsiveness of intrinsic cardiac neurons occurs without changes in receptor abundance.
Supplementary References from RLY-4008, the First Highly Selective FGFR2 Inhibitor with Activity across <i>FGFR2</i> Alterations and Resistance Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;three references cited in supplementary data&lt;/p&gt;
Three-dimensional photonic crystal flat lens by full 3D negative refraction (2005)

We present the experimental demonstration of imaging by all-angle negative refraction in a 3D photonic crystal flat lens at microwave frequencies. The flat lens is made of a body-centered cubic photonic crystal (PhC) whose dispersion at the third band results in group velocity opposite to phase velocity for electromagnetic waves. We fabricated the photonic crystal following a layer-by-layer process. A microwave imaging system was established based on a vector network analyzer, where two dipoles work as the source and the detector separately. By scanning the volume around the lens with the detector dipole, we captured the image of the dipole source in both amplitude and phase. The image of two incoherent sources separated by 0.44lambda showed two resolvable spots, which served to verify sub-wavelength resolution.
Underwater optical modulating retro-reflector links (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Mahon, W. Rabinovich, M. Ferraro, J. Murphy, L. Mullen, B. Cohenour, J. Muth, and L. Ziph-Schatzberg, "Underwater optical modulating retro-reflector links," in Lasers, Sources and Related Photonic Devices, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper LSTuB1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN WASHINGTON, D.C. (1973)

Journal Article EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN WASHINGTON, D.C. I. IMPORTANCE OF THE VIRUS IN DIFFERENT RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE SYNDROMES AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF INFECTION Get access HYUN WHA KIM, HYUN WHA KIM Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JULITA O. ARROBIO, JULITA O. ARROBIO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CARL D. BRANDT, CARL D. BRANDT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BARBARA C. JEFFRIES, BARBARA C. JEFFRIES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar GLORIA PYLES, GLORIA PYLES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JANNIE L. REID, JANNIE L. REID Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT M. CHANOCK, ROBERT M. CHANOCK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT H. PARROTT ROBERT H. PARROTT Reprint requests to Dr. Parrott, Children's Hospital, 2125 Thirteenth St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 98, Issue 3, September 1973, Pages 216–225, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121550 Published: 01 September 1973 Article history Received: 02 March 1973 Published: 01 September 1973
Industrial Enzymes: Enzymes in Nonfood Applications (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: 5.2.1 Enzymes in Household Detergents 5.2.1.1 Historical Development 5.2.1.2 Laundry Soils 5.2.1.3 Detergent Composition and Washing Process 5.2.1.4 Enzyme-Aided Detergency and Soil Removal 5.2.1.5 Detergent Enzyme Performance Evaluation and Screening 5.2.1.6 Enzyme Types 5.2.1.7 Future Trends 5.2.2 Enzymes in Automatic Dishwashing 5.2.2.1 Introduction 5.2.2.2 Characteristics of Enzymes for ADDs 5.2.2.3 Proteases 5.2.2.4 Amylases 5.2.2.5 Other Enzymes 5.2.2.6 Automatic Dishwashing Detergents 5.2.3 Enzymes in Grain Wet-Milling 5.2.3.1 Introduction 5.2.3.2 Overview of the Conversion of Corn to HFCS 5.2.3.3 α-Amylase 5.2.3.4 Glucoamylase 5.2.3.5 Pullulanase 5.2.3.6 Glucose Isomerase 5.2.3.7 Use of Wheat Starch 5.2.4 Enzymes in Animal Feeds 5.2.4.1 Introduction 5.2.4.2 Enzymes Used in Animal Feed 5.2.4.3 Future Developments 5.2.5 Enzymes in Textile Production 5.2.5.1 Introduction 5.2.5.2 Cellulose Fibers 5.2.5.3 Proteinous Fibers 5.2.5.4 Textile Effluent Treatment and Recycling 5.2.5.5 Outlook 5.2.6 Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing 5.2.6.1 Introduction 5.2.6.2 Enzymes 5.2.6.3 Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing
Process Variation-Aware Multiple-Fault Diagnosis of Thermometer-Coded Current-Steering DACs (2007)

In this brief, we first introduce a process-variation-aware test-point generation method. With this method, faults are not obscured by process variations and we are able to generate new test points by measuring a very limited number of current values on-chip and estimating values of the remaining currents. We furthermore introduce a multiple-fault diagnosis procedure where we use the process-variation aware test-point generation method. The proposed methods can also be used for structural test. For the application, we have used a thermometer coded current steering digital to analog converter, as they are widely used due to their suitability for high speed applications and the symmetric design is suitable for the application of our method. We introduce a design-for-test hardware for the diagnosis cost reduction, while implementing our methods. Experimental results show that parametric errors as small as 20% can be diagnosed with up to 97.8% accuracy
Simulation of a civil integrity network (GPS and GLONASS) (2003)

The authors describe simulations of the GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS integrity channel (GIC), which will be used to broadcast GPS and GLONASS health information to mobile users. The simulator includes models for the signals from the GPS, GLONASS, and geostationary satellites; the user equipment; the integrity monitors; the integrity network control sites; and the communication links between the monitors and control sites. The authors describe the simulation of a worldwide integrity network with depth two coverage, and the simulation of a depth two network for North America.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Figure S2 from High Detection Rates of Pancreatic Cancer Across Stages by Plasma Assay of Novel Methylated DNA Markers and CA19-9 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2 shows the correlation between CA 19-9 values derived using study protocol and clinical laboratory values derived at Mayo Clinic.&lt;/p&gt;
EF24 suppresses maturation and inflammatory response in dendritic cells (2012)

Synthetic curcuminoid EF24 was studied for its effect on the maturation and inflammatory response in murine bone marrow derived immortalized JAWS II dendritic cells (DCs). EF24 reduced the expression of LPS-induced MHC class II, CD80 and CD86 molecules. It also abrogated the appearance of dendrites, a typical characteristic of mature DCs. These effects were accompanied by the inhibition of LPS-induced activation of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Simultaneous reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6] both at the mRNA and secreted levels was also observed. To investigate the dependency of LPS effects on MyD88 adaptor protein, we transfected JAWS II DCs with dominant negative MyD88 plasmid construct (MyD88-DN). EF24 reduced NF-κB activity and TNF-α secretion in a MyD88-dependent manner. These results suggest that EF24 modulates DCs by suppressing their maturation and reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Further, it appears that EF24 acts at or upstream of MyD88 in the LPS-TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
A 2-Layer Resist System Derived From Trimethylsilylstyrene (1986)

This paper describes the design and preparation of a negative tone, oxygen etch resistant DUV photoresist. This two-component resist system is composed of an oxygen plasma etch resistant matrix resin, poly(trimethylsilylmethylstyrene), and a monomeric radical generator such as trichlorobenzene or 3,3&apos;-diazidodiphenylsulfone.
Data augmentation to improve robustness of image captioning solutions (2021)

In this paper, we study the impact of motion blur, a common quality flaw in real world images, on a state-of-the-art two-stage image captioning solution, and notice a degradation in solution performance as blur intensity increases. We investigate techniques to improve the robustness of the solution to motion blur using training data augmentation at each or both stages of the solution, i.e., object detection and captioning, and observe improved results. In particular, augmenting both the stages reduces the CIDEr-D degradation for high motion blur intensity from 68.7 to 11.7 on MS COCO dataset, and from 22.4 to 6.8 on Vizwiz dataset.