gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-threshold buried-heterostructure 0.98-μm strained-quantum-well InGaAsP/InGaAsP/InGaP lasers (1993)

Semiconductor lasers emitting in the 0.98-μm wavelength regime are promising for pumping optical-fiber amplifiers and solid-state lasers. The heterostructure of typical high-power 0.98-µm lasers consists of AlGaAs optical cladding layers, whose high oxidation rate often causes reliability problems and difficulty in regrowth. This makes it difficult to fabricate reliable and cost- effective buried-heterostructure lasers, distributed-feedback lasers, and lasers integrated with other electronic or photonic components. In this paper we compare ridge-waveguide and buried-heterostructure (BH) lasers fabricated from the same wafers and using strained InGaAs quantum wells and stepped InGaAsP as the confinement layers and InGaP as optical claddings. The BH lasers typically exhibit one-third the threshold current and higher efficiencies than ridge-waveguide lasers.
Adaptive focusing for transcranial ultrasound imaging using dual arrays (2006)

Ultrasonic brain imaging remains difficult and limited because of the strong aberrating effects of the skull (absorption, diffusion and refraction of ultrasounds): high resolution transcranial imaging would require adaptive focusing techniques in order to correct the defocusing effect of the skull. In this paper, a noninvasive brain imaging device is presented. It is made of two identical linear arrays of 128 transducers located on each side of the skull. It is possible to separate the respective influence of the two bone windows on the path of an ultrasonic wave propagating from one array to the other, and thus estimate at each frequency the attenuation and phase shift locally induced by each bone window. The information obtained on attenuation and phase is used to correct the wave fronts that have to be sent through the skull in order to obtain a good focusing inside the skull. Compared to uncorrected wave fronts, the spatial shift of the focal spot is corrected, the width of the focal spot is reduced, and the sidelobes level is decreased up to 17 dB. Transcranial images of a phantom are presented and exhibit the improvement in image quality provided by this new noninvasive adaptive focusing method.
Effect of the Size and Position of Ion-Accessible Nanoholes on the Specific Capacitance of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns for Supercapacitor Applications (2015)

We explore the importance of the size and position of nanoholes on the electrochemical performance of single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH)-based supercapacitors using an ionic liquid electrolyte. The oxidized sample at 673 K showed a low specific capacitance per unit of internal specific surface area (4.0 μF cm–2), as the nanoholes created on the tips of SWCNHs via a selective chemical attack are too small to introduce electrolyte ions. For a sample oxidized at 723 K, the enlarged diameter of the nanoholes on the tips allows electrolyte ions to penetrate into the internal spaces of the SWCNHs, thereby resulting in a 2-fold capacitance improvement (8.6 μF cm–2). However, the abrupt decrease in the capacitance of the oxidized SWCNHs at 823 K (3.8 μF cm–2) can be explained by the selective formation of nanoholes on the sidewalls of the SWCNHs, where the small interstitial pores restrict ion diffusion to deeply positioned nanoholes on the sidewalls of the SWCNHs. Our study clearly reveals that the size and position of nanoholes with regard to ion accessibility are crucial factors to improve the capacitive performance of SWCNH-based supercapacitors.
Pulse Holography and Phase‐Doppler Technique. A comparison when applied to swirl pressure‐jet atomizers (1990)

Abstract Pulse holography and the phase‐Doppler technique are two of the very few methods with which the size and velocity of individual particles within a two‐phase flow may be simultaneously measured. This enables the two‐dimensional frequency distributions of particle size and velocity to be compiled and allows the existence of mutual correlations to be verified. The application of both methods to investigations into water droplet collections within the hollow spray cone of a swirl pressure‐jet atomizer is described. When comparing the results of measurements obtained by the two methods under identical conditions, one fundamental difference must be taken into account: whereas pulse holography delivers space‐averaged concentration ‐ dependent frequency distributions, those derived from the phase‐Doppler technique are time‐averaged fluxdependent. The methods hence deliver different, but equivalent, results. Since the possibility of conversion exists, both representations are always available. As far as the particle size distributions are concerned, the results obtained from the two methods confirm the expected differences, whilst verifying the compliance of the interconverted size distribution data. Regarding the velocity distributions, however, some unexplained discrepancies still remain.
Shortest Path Routing Extensions for BGP Protocol (2018)

Many Massively Scaled Data Centers (MSDCs) have converged on
simplified layer 3 routing. Furthermore, requirements for operational
simplicity have lead many of these MSDCs to converge on BGP as their
single routing protocol for both their fabric routing and their Data
Center Interconnect (DCI) routing. This document describes a solution
which leverages BGP Link-State distribution and the Shortest Path
First algorithm similar to Internal Gateway Protocols (IGPs) such as
OSPF.
Temperature Dependence of 980 nm VCSEL Dynamics (2007)

Resonance frequencies and damping rates extracted from noise spectra measurements on flip-chipped VCSELs indicate temperature dependence is dominated by output power and associated photon density reduction with minimal indications of differential gain decrease.
Re: mTORC1-Mediated Inhibition of Polycystin-1 Expression Drives Renal Cyst Formation in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (2017)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Apr 2017Re: mTORC1-Mediated Inhibition of Polycystin-1 Expression Drives Renal Cyst Formation in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Anthony AtalaMD Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.01.003AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 197Issue 4April 2017Page: 1001-1003 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2017 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
440: Barriers to the Practice of Evidence Based Urology in the United States (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 14, Sunday, May 20, 2007, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 2007440: Barriers to the Practice of Evidence Based Urology in the United States Philipp Dahm, Hubert R. Kuebler, Susan F. Fesperman, Roger L. Sur, Charles D. Scales, Johannes W. Vieweg, and Glenn M. Preminger Philipp DahmPhilipp Dahm More articles by this author , Hubert R. KueblerHubert R. Kuebler More articles by this author , Susan F. FespermanSusan F. Fesperman More articles by this author , Roger L. SurRoger L. Sur More articles by this author , Charles D. ScalesCharles D. Scales More articles by this author , Johannes W. ViewegJohannes W. Vieweg More articles by this author , and Glenn M. PremingerGlenn M. Preminger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30693-1AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "440: Barriers to the Practice of Evidence Based Urology in the United States." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), pp. 147–148 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 147-148 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Philipp Dahm More articles by this author Hubert R. Kuebler More articles by this author Susan F. Fesperman More articles by this author Roger L. Sur More articles by this author Charles D. Scales More articles by this author Johannes W. Vieweg More articles by this author Glenn M. Preminger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Discovery of cytoglobin and its roles in physiology and pathology of hepatic stellate cells (2016)

Cytoglobin (CYGB), a new member of the globin family, was discovered in 2001 as a protein associated with stellate cell activation (stellate cell activation-associated protein [STAP]). Knowledge of CYGB, including its crystal, gene, and protein structures as well as its physiological and pathological importance, has increased progressively. We investigated the roles of oxygen (O2)-binding CYGB as STAP in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to understand the part played by this protein in their pathophysiological activities. Studies involving CYGB-gene-deleted mice have led us to suppose that CYGB functions as a regulator of O2 homeostasis; when O2 homeostasis is disrupted, HSCs are activated and play a key role(s) in hepatic fibrogenesis. In this review, we discuss the rationale for this hypothesis.
Basin-Scale and Near-Surface Circulation in the Gulf of Mexico (2021)

Abstract In the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon event, GoMRI-funded research consortia carried out several field campaigns in the northern Gulf of Mexico with the objectives of understanding physical processes that influence transport of oil in the ocean and evaluating the accuracy of current-generation ocean models. A variety of new instruments were created to achieve unprecedented levels of dense and overlapping datasets that span five orders of magnitude of spatial and temporal scales. The observational programs: GLAD (DeSoto Canyon, Summer 2012), SCOPE (Destin inner shelf, Winter 2013 14), LASER (DeSoto Canyon, Winter 2016) and SPLASH (Louisiana shelf, Spring 2017) were designed to capture transport by ocean currents that are not presently well resolved by operational models. The overarching objective of these experiments was to collect data from a variety of sensors (drifting, aerial and ship-board) to document the circulation and near-surface variability of fronts, where much of the surface oil tends to be concentrated. Two state-of-the-art models were also run in real-time during all the experiments; a multiply-nested Navy Coastal Ocean Model with horizontal resolutions ranging from 1 km in the outer nest down to 100 m, as well as a fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model. The purpose of this submission is to summarize the advances made in both understanding and modeling the near-surface transport in the Gulf of Mexico.
Lapses in a Prefrontal-Extrastriate Preparatory Attention Network Predict Mistakes (2006)

Mistakes are common to all forms of behavior but there is disagreement about what causes errors. We recorded electrophysiological and behavioral measures in a letter discrimination task to examine whether deficits in preparatory attention predicted subsequent response errors. Error trials were characterized by decreased frontal-central preparatory attention event-related potentials (ERPs) prior to stimulus presentation and decreased extrastriate sensory ERPs during visual processing. These findings indicate that transient lapses in a prefrontal-extrastriate preparatory attention network can lead to response errors.
Coordinated Biosynthesis of the Purine Nucleoside Antibiotics Aristeromycin and Coformycin in Actinomycetes (2018)

Purine nucleoside antibiotic pairs, concomitantly produced by a single strain, are an important group of microbial natural products. Here, we report a target-directed genome mining approach to elucidate the biosynthesis of the purine nucleoside antibiotic pair aristeromycin (ARM) and coformycin (COF) in <i>Micromonospora haikouensis</i> DSM 45626 (a new producer for ARM and COF) and <i>Streptomyces citricolor</i> NBRC 13005 (a new COF producer). We also provide biochemical data that MacI and MacT function as unusual phosphorylases, catalyzing an irreversible reaction for the tailoring assembly of neplanocin A (NEP-A) and ARM. Moreover, we demonstrate that MacQ is shown to be an adenosine-specific deaminase, likely relieving the potential "excess adenosine" for producing cells. Finally, we report that MacR, an annotated IMP dehydrogenase, is actually an NADPH-dependent GMP reductase, which potentially plays a salvage role for the efficient supply of the precursor pool. Hence, these findings illustrate a fine-tuned pathway for the biosynthesis of ARM and also open the way for the rational search for purine antibiotic pairs.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> ARM and COF are well known for their prominent biological activities and unusual chemical structures; however, the logic of their biosynthesis has long been poorly understood. Actually, the new insights into the ARM and COF pathway will not only enrich the biochemical repertoire for interesting enzymatic reactions but may also lay a solid foundation for the combinatorial biosynthesis of this group of antibiotics via a target-directed genome mining strategy.
WiseType: A Tablet Keyboard with Color-Coded Visualization and Various Editing Options for Error Correction (2019)

To address the problem of improving text entry accuracy in mobile devices, we present a new tablet keyboard that offers both immediate and delayed feedback on language quality through autocorrection, prediction, and grammar checking. We combine different visual representations for grammar and spelling errors, accepted predictions, and auto-corrections. and also support interactive swiping/tapping features and improved interaction with previous errors, predictions, and auto-corrections. Additionally, we added smart error correction features to the system to decrease the overhead of correcting errors and to decrease the number of operations. We designed our new input method with an iterative user-centered approach through multiple pilots. We conducted a lab-based study with a refined experimental methodology and found that WiseType outperforms a standard keyboard in terms of text entry speed and error rate. The study shows that color-coded text background highlighting and underlining of potential mistakes in combination with fast correction methods can improve both writing speed and accuracy.
Mechanism for Slow Switching Effect in Advanced Low-Voltage, High-Speed Pb(Zr Ti )O (2005)

Slow-switching effect in PZT ferroelectric memory under low-voltage and high-speed operation is observed. The slow-switching effect becomes worse at lower operation voltage and elevated temperature. This effect significantly reduces the sensing margin and causes severe reliability issue for advanced ferroelectric memory, particularly for low-voltage and high-speed applications. This slow-switching effect is believed to be attributed to slowing down of polarization switching caused by band bending from Schottky built-in potential at the electrode/ferroelectric interface. The proposed mechanism is supported by the polarity dependence in an asymmetric LNO/PZT/Pt sample.
Steady-State Pleural Fluid Flow and Pressure and the Effects of Lung Buoyancy (2001)

Both theoretical and experimental studies of pleural fluid dynamics and lung buoyancy during steady-state, apneic conditions are presented. The theory shows that steady-state, top-to-bottom pleural-liquid flow creates a pressure distribution that opposes lung buoyancy. These two forces may balance, permitting dynamic lung floating, but when they do not, pleural-pleural contact is required. The animal experiments examine pleural-liquid pressure distributions in response to simulated reduced gravity, achieved by lung inflation with perfluorocarbon liquid as compared to air. The resulting decrease in lung buoyancy modifies the force balance in the pleural fluid, which is reflected in its vertical pressure gradient. The data and model show that the decrease in buoyancy with perfluorocarbon inflation causes the vertical pressure gradient to approach hydrostatic. In the microgravity analogue, the pleural pressures would be toward a more uniform distribution, consistent with ventilation studies during space flight. The pleural liquid turnover predicted by the model is computed and found to be comparable to experimental values from the literature. The model provides the flow field, which can be used to develop a full transport theory for molecular and cellular constituents that are found in pleural fluid.
The potential of shape-based treatment plan optimization for pancreatic IMRT treatments to spare organs at risk and allow for dose escalation to the tumor PTV. (2011)

316 Background: Due to the low dose tolerance of the organs at risk (OARs) in the abdomen the tumor dose for pancreatic cancer patient is restricted to 50-60 Gy in 1.8-2.0 Gy fractions when combined with chemotherapy. The goal of this study was to develop a system that can determine the minimal radiation dose to the OARs of each individual patient that is achievable while maintaining adequate tumor coverage. This could guide treatment planners to spare the OARs to the fullest extent. When the minimal doses to the OAR are achieved, the total plan can be upscaled until the normal tissue dose constraints are met, allowing for an increase in tumor dose without increased normal tissue toxicity. Methods: The minimal achievable dose to the OARs depends on its proximity to the planning target volume (PTV). The overlap volume histogram (OVH) was used to describe the spatial relation of each OAR to the PTV. A database of 33 patients, treated with IMRT, was queried to find the lowest achieved dose to an organ for any of the prior patients with less favorable PTV-OAR configurations than the current patient. This minimal dose must also be achievable for the OAR of the new patient. For 25 randomly chosen patients the lowest achievable dose to the liver and kidneys was predicted this way. Then the patients were replanned to verify if this dose could be achieved. The new plans were compared to the original clinical plans. Results: After replanning the predicted achievable dose to the liver was realized within 1 and 2 Gy for more than 86% and 96% of the patients respectively. For the kidneys these numbers were 83% and 96%. The average improvement in terms of mean dose was 1.4 Gy (range 0 – 4.6 Gy) for the liver and 1.7 Gy (range 0 – 6.3 Gy) for the kidneys. This would have allowed an increase in PTV dose of on average 5 Gy (range 0-13 Gy) based on the liver and 8.5 Gy (range 0-38 Gy) based on the kidneys compared to the original plan, without an increase in dose to the bowel, cord, and stomach. Conclusions: The lowest achievable dose to the OARs could accurately be predicted for pancreatic cancer patients within seconds. This can guide dosimetrists to spare the OARs or increase the PTV dose by 5 Gy without increased toxicity. [Table: see text]
Expression of the oncogenes mil and ras abolishes the in vivo differentiation of mammary epithelial cells (1988)

Journal Article Expression of the oncogenes mil and ras abolishes the in vivo differentiation of mammary epithelial cells Get access Walter H. Günzburg, Walter H. Günzburg 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta, GA 30912, USA2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Bern BranchInselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland 3 Present address, and address to which requests for reprints should be sent: GSF-München, Abteilung für Molekulare Zellpathologie, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-8042 Neuherberg, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brian Salmons, Brian Salmons 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta, GA 30912, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alex Schlaeffli, Alex Schlaeffli 2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Bern BranchInselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sylviane Moritz-Legrand, Sylviane Moritz-Legrand 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta, GA 30912, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walis Jones, Walis Jones 4 2Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Bern BranchInselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland 4 Present address: Department of Biochemistry. Glaxo Group Research, Greenford, Milddlesex UB6 0HE, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nurul H. Sarkar, Nurul H. Sarkar 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta, GA 30912, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Ullrich Robert Ullrich 5Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biology DivisionOak Ridge, TN 37831, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carcinogenesis, Volume 9, Issue 10, October 1988, Pages 1849–1856, https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/9.10.1849 Published: 01 October 1988 Article history Received: 11 April 1988 Revision received: 13 June 1988 Accepted: 16 June 1988 Published: 01 October 1988
Disulfide Passivation of the Ge(100)-2 × 1 Surface (2010)

Understanding the bonding of sulfur at the germanium surface is important to developing good passivation routes for germanium-based electronic devices. The adsorption behavior of ethyl disulfide (EDS) and 1,8-naphthalene disulfide (NDS) at the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface has been studied under ultrahigh vacuum conditions to investigate both their fundamental reactivity and their effectiveness as passivants of this surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, multiple internal reflection-infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory results indicate that both molecules adsorb via S-S dissociation at room temperature. Upon exposure to ambient air, the thiolate adlayer remains intact for both EDS- and NDS-functionalized surfaces, indicating the stability of this surface attachment. Although both systems resist oxidation compared to the bare Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface, the Ge substrate is significantly oxidized in all cases (17-57% relative to the control), with the NDS-passivated surface undergoing up to two times more oxidation than the EDS-passivated surface at the longest air exposure times studied. The difference in passivation capability is attributed to the difference in surface coverage on Ge(100)-2 × 1, where EDS adsorption leads to a saturation coverage 17% higher than that for NDS/Ge(100)-2 × 1.
Diffusion equation boundary conditions for the interface between turbid media: a comment (2002)

This discussion reconciles differences in literature expressions for the diffusion approximation boundary conditions for the interface between two turbid media with different refractive indices.