gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy linguistic model based control (2002)

A new approach to rejecting measurable disturbances in multistage continuous manufacturing processes is presented. This approach, called fuzzy linguistic model-based compensation, is empirically shown to be effective, in comparison with ordinary feedback, in predicting the influence of the disturbance and countering its effect. It is shown how this strategy can improve the behavior of the system in the presence of significant time delay which is common in continuous manufacturing processes. How this approach can be applied to structurally similar situations and possibly extended into analytic form is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Oxazolines and Thiazolines to Oxazoles and Thiazoles. Application of the Kharasch‐Sosnovsky Reaction. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development and Physiological Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Absorption. III. Intestinal transporters and cholesterol absorption (2008)

Intestinal cholesterol absorption is modulated by transport proteins in enterocytes. Cholesterol uptake from intestinal lumen requires several proteins on apical brush-border membranes, including Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), scavenger receptor B-I, and CD36, whereas two ATP-binding cassette half transporters, ABCG5 and ABCG8, on apical membranes work together for cholesterol efflux back to the intestinal lumen to limit cholesterol absorption. NPC1L1 is essential for cholesterol absorption, but its function as a cell surface transporter or an intracellular cholesterol transport protein needs clarification. Another ATP transporter, ABCA1, is present in the basolateral membrane to mediate HDL secretion from enterocytes.
Short range HF radio channel measurements: Search for one path channels (2016)

High frequency (HF) radio channel is diverse since it could be a single path channel or a multipath channel. However, there is lack of information about what is the ratio between these. Herein, results from a measurement campaign in Finland for ground wave and near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) paths are reported. It was observed that one path channels are rather widely available and in ground waves they dominate. This means that channels for high modulation orders (high data rate HF) are available and should be searched for during the link establishment process. Unfortunately, the current link establishment processes do not support that such that maybe it is time for improvements. Another observation was that if channels are available at all, then usually there are multiple channels available. This means that recently introduced wideband (up to 24 kHz) and multiband (several 3 kHz bands) HF communications have room.
Ring Pattern Formation in 2- d Shear of Freely Suspended Films of a Smectic C Liquid Crystal (1992)

Space-time diagrams are used to analyze the dynamics of the liquid-crystal smectic C director in two-dimensional shear. We find a steady-state ring pattern only persists if there are no broken rings. A pair of defects, disclinations, is created when a ring breaks. With broken rings, the pattern dynamics is a sensitive balance between phase winding by shearing and unwinding by defect motion. Because the film is a 2-d elastic medium, low-frequency elastic oscillations occur in the ring pattern in the absence of shear. Using dimensional analysis and measurements of the in-plane orientational diffusion constant, estimates are obtained for an in-plane elastic constant and rotational viscosity that are consistent with bulk measurements.
Extensive Investigation of Time-Dependent Breakdown of GaN-HEMTs Submitted to OFF-State Stress (2015)

This paper reports the experimental demonstration of time-dependent dielectric breakdown in GaN-based high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) submitted to OFF-state stress. Based on combined breakdown measurements, constant voltage stress tests, and 2-D simulations, we demonstrate the following relevant results. First, GaN-based HEMTs with a breakdown voltage higher than 1000 V (evaluated by dc measurements) may show time-dependent failure when exposed to OFF-state stress with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> in the range 600-700 V. Second, time-to-failure (TTF) is Weibull-distributed, and has an exponential dependence on the stress voltage level. Third, time-dependent breakdown is ascribed to the failure of the SiN dielectric at the edge of the gate overhang, on the drain side. Fourth, 2-D simulations confirm that-in this region-the electric field exceeds 6 MV/cm, i.e., the dielectric strength of SiN. Finally, we demonstrate that by limiting the electric field in the nitride through epitaxy and process improvements, it is possible to increase the TTF by three orders of magnitude.
Fallberichte (2004)

A 38 year old woman from Dresden presented in September 2002, about four weeks after the Elbe River flooding with signs of cutaneous larva migrans on the back of her hand. There was no history of travel to tropical or subtropical regions in the last few years. Cryotherapy as well as systemic ivermectin (Stromectol) therapy were not successful in stopping progress of the lesions. Combination therapy with systemic ivermectin and topical tiabendazole (Lombristop) induced full remission. Cutaneous larva migrans normally occurs in German patients only after recent visits to tropical or subtropical regions. In our patient, however, it was most likely due to the unusual climatic conditions in the summer of 2002 in the Elbe region: Heavy rainfalls and inundation by regional rivers soaked the ground, followed by a period of unusually hot and sunny weather.
Nanoscale Tectonics:  Self-Assembly, Characterization, and Chemistry of a Novel Class of Organoplatinum Square Macrocycles (1997)

Six nanoscale molecular squares are reported. They are prepared in essentially quantitative yields via spontaneous self-assembly of preprogrammed 90° angular units with diverse bimetallic linear linkers. Characterization was accomplished with multinuclear NMR and, in two cases, via ESI-FTICR mass spectral data. The size of these novel metallomacrocycles range from 3.6 nm (diagonal) and 2.6 nm (side) for the smallest to 4.7 nm (diagonal) and 3.4 nm (side) for the largest as estimated by extensible systematic force field calculations. The molecular squares incorporating alkynyl units as corners are able to complex four Ag+ ions via the π-tweezer effect.
Measurements of phi meson production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) (2009)

We present results for the measurement of $\\phi$ meson production via its charged kaon decay channel $\\phi \\to K^+K^-$ in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=62.4$, 130, and 200 GeV, and in $p+p$ and $d$+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV from the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The midrapidity ($|y|&lt;0.5$) $\\phi$ meson transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) spectra in central Au+Au collisions are found to be well described by a single exponential distribution. On the other hand, the $p_{T}$ spectra from $p+p$, $d$+Au and peripheral Au+Au collisions show power-law tails at intermediate and high $p_{T}$ and are described better by Levy distributions. The constant $\\phi/K^-$ yield ratio vs beam species, collision centrality and colliding energy is in contradiction with expectations from models having kaon coalescence as the dominant mechanism for $\\phi$ production at RHIC. The $\\Omega/\\phi$ yield ratio as a function of $p_{T}$ is consistent with a model based on the recombination of thermal $s$ quarks up to $p_{T}\\sim 4$ GeV/$c$, but disagrees at higher transverse momenta. The measured nuclear modification factor, $R_{dAu}$, for the $\\phi$ meson increases above unity at intermediate $p_{T}$, similar to that for pions and protons, while $R_{AA}$ is suppressed due to the energy loss effect in central Au+Au collisions. Number of constituent quark scaling of both $R_{cp}$ and $v_{2}$ for the $\\phi$ meson with respect to other hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=200 GeV at intermediate $p_{T}$ is observed. These observations support quark coalescence as being the dominant mechanism of hadronization in the intermediate $p_{T}$ region at RHIC.
A British Bureaucratic Revolution? Autonomy Without Control, or “Freer Markets, More Rules” (2010)

This paper addresses a puzzle: how to account for changes in the routine behavior of groups, organizations and individuals in Britain? Following a detailed analysis of state/market interdependence and the role of the state in creating the market, an analysis drawn from the thinking of Weber and Polanyi, we suggest adapting Weber's notion of bureaucratic revolution: in what we call the British bureaucratic revolution, the state has played an essential role in social change by creating institutions and rules that are lastingly reorienting actors' behavior. The example of the healthcare field is examined in order to identify the specific mechanisms that have been impacting on behavior within an approximately ten-year period; namely, the introduction of 1) competitive practices (sanction/reward) and 2) of auditing and inspection. If this interpretation is valid, then it is reasonable to assume that the effects of this bureaucratic revolution extend beyond Britain.
Thermal resistance reduction in high power superluminescent diodes by using active multi-mode interferometer (2012)

Low thermal resistance of high power superluminescent diodes (SLEDs) by using active multi-mode interferometer (active-MMI) is presented in this paper. The active layer temperature evaluation demonstrates that the power saturation mechanism in active-MMI SLED is heat for the first time. Low thermal resistance of 4.83 K/W in active-MMI SLEDs leads to a high power of 115 mW. Moreover, the effect of the active area size on the output power is demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results indicates that active-MMI configuration is a new design in support of efficient heat dissipation and thermal resistance reduction for SLEDs.
Transcriptome analysis by GeneTrail revealed regulation of functional categories in response to alterations of iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana (2011)

Here, we obtained supporting evidence, that the nas4x-1 mutant was defective in metal homeostasis. It was confirmed that nas4x-1 showed Fe deficiency in roots and signs of Fe deficiency and Fe sufficiency in leaves. Besides metal homeostasis, biotic stress, root carbohydrate, leaf photosystem and specific cell biological categories were discovered as main targets for regulated changes in response to--Fe and nas4x-1. Among 258 differentially expressed genes in response to--Fe and nas4x-1 five functional categories were enriched covering metal homeostasis, redox regulation, cell division and histone acetylation. We proved that GeneTrail offers a flexible and user-adapted way to identify functional categories in large-scale plant transcriptome data sets. The distinguished feature that allowed analysis of individually assembled functional categories facilitated the study of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcriptome.
A Model for Analyzing Online Communities (2009)

We present a model for understanding and analyzing participation in social online services and online communities. The model is based on earlier research literature, and contains community elements such as policy, privacy, trust, motivation. and roles that influence and are influenced by participation activities. To further specify the model, we conducted a qualitative study consisting of interviews on participation in online communities. Subsequently, we organized an online survey that aimed at validating the elements presented in the model and the ways the elements influence one another. In addition to supporting the validity of the model, the findings present a fresh overview of the respondents’ perceptions of participation in social online services and online communities. The model can be used in future studies; for example, to conduct statistical analyses of participation in online communities. Furthermore, the model can be useful for community organizers when starting to design a social online service that supports online community activities.
O-1: Self-training with Oracle and 1-best Hypothesis (2023)

We introduce O-1, a new self-training objective to reduce training bias and unify training and evaluation metrics for speech recognition. O-1 is a faster variant of Expected Minimum Bayes Risk (EMBR), that boosts the oracle hypothesis and can accommodate both supervised and unsupervised data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in terms of recognition on publicly available SpeechStew datasets and a large-scale, in-house data set. On Speechstew, the O-1 objective closes the gap between the actual and oracle performance by 80\% relative compared to EMBR which bridges the gap by 43\% relative. O-1 achieves 13\% to 25\% relative improvement over EMBR on the various datasets that SpeechStew comprises of, and a 12\% relative gap reduction with respect to the oracle WER over EMBR training on the in-house dataset. Overall, O-1 results in a 9\% relative improvement in WER over EMBR, thereby speaking to the scalability of the proposed objective for large-scale datasets.
Self-induced-transparency in an Erbium-doped Fiber (1992)

The self-induced-transparency (SIT) is a phenomenon of a coherent pulse propagating in a resonant medium without loss and distortion when the pulse energy exceeds a critical value. [1] Since the recent development of the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, it is interesting to consider the SIT in the silica-based erbium-doped fiber (EDF).[2] It is known that there exist nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) solitons in the fiber due to the combined effect of the Kerr effect and the negative dispersion. Therefore, the coexistence of a SIT soliton and a NLS soliton has been a subject of intense interest. In Ref.[2], it is shown that impractical large dispersion is required for the SIT-NLS soliton to exist in EDF. In this talk, we extend our previous work [3] on the theory of the SIT-NLS soliton without making the slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA) and show that it is practical for the SIT-NLS soliton to exist in EDF because the effect of the SIT induces large negative dispersion.
Slow-Onset Inhibition of the FabI Enoyl Reductase from Francisella tularensis: Residence Time and in Vivo Activity (2009)

Francisella tularensis is a highly virulent and contagious Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes the disease tularemia in mammals. The high infectivity and the ability of the bacterium to survive for weeks in a cool, moist environment have raised the possibility that this organism could be exploited deliberately as a potential biological weapon. Fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS-II) is essential for bacterial viability and has been validated as a target for the discovery of novel antibacterials. The FAS-II enoyl reductase ftuFabI has been cloned and expressed, and a series of diphenyl ethers have been identified that are subnanomolar inhibitors of the enzyme with MIC90 values as low as 0.00018 microg mL(-1). The existence of a linear correlation between the Ki and MIC values strongly suggests that the antibacterial activity of the diphenyl ethers results from direct inhibition of ftuFabI within the cell. The compounds are slow-onset inhibitors of ftuFabI, and the residence time of the inhibitors on the enzyme correlates with their in vivo activity in a mouse model of tularemia infection. Significantly, the rate of breakdown of the enzyme-inhibitor complex is a better predictor of in vivo activity than the overall thermodynamic stability of the complex, a concept that has important implications for the discovery of novel chemotherapeutics that normally rely on equilibrium measurements of potency.
Image‐based musculoskeletal modeling: Applications, advances, and future opportunities (2007)

Computer models of the musculoskeletal system are broadly used to study the mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders and to simulate surgical treatments. Musculoskeletal models have historically been created based on data derived in anatomical and biomechanical studies of cadaveric specimens. MRI offers an abundance of novel methods for acquisition of data from living subjects and is revolutionizing the field of musculoskeletal modeling. The need to create accurate, individualized models of the musculoskeletal system is driving advances in MRI techniques including static imaging, dynamic imaging, diffusion imaging, body imaging, pulse-sequence design, and coil design. These techniques apply to imaging musculoskeletal anatomy, muscle architecture, joint motions, muscle moment arms, and muscle tissue deformations. Further advancements in image-based musculoskeletal modeling will expand the accuracy and utility of models used to study musculoskeletal and neuromuscular impairments.
Overexpression of miR156 in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) results in various morphological alterations and leads to improved biomass production (2012)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has been developed into a dedicated herbaceous bioenergy crop. Biomass yield is a major target trait for genetic improvement of switchgrass. microRNAs have emerged as a prominent class of gene regulatory factors that has the potential to improve complex traits such as biomass yield. A miR156b precursor was overexpressed in switchgrass. The effects of miR156 overexpression on SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN LIKE (SPL) genes were revealed by microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses. Morphological alterations, biomass yield, saccharification efficiency and forage digestibility of the transgenic plants were characterized. miR156 controls apical dominance and floral transition in switchgrass by suppressing its target SPL genes. Relatively low levels of miR156 overexpression were sufficient to increase biomass yield while producing plants with normal flowering time. Moderate levels of miR156 led to improved biomass but the plants were non-flowering. These two groups of plants produced 58%-101% more biomass yield compared with the control. However, high miR156 levels resulted in severely stunted growth. The degree of morphological alterations of the transgenic switchgrass depends on miR156 level. Compared with floral transition, a lower miR156 level is required to disrupt apical dominance. The improvement in biomass yield was mainly because of the increase in tiller number. Targeted overexpression of miR156 also improved solubilized sugar yield and forage digestibility, and offered an effective approach for transgene containment.
Efficient Synthesis of Polycyclic γ‐Lactams by Catalytic Carbonylation of Ene‐Imines via Nickelacycle Intermediates (2017)

Abstract The nickel(0)‐catalyzed carbonylative cycloaddition of 1,5‐ and 1,6‐ene‐imines with carbon monoxide (CO) is reported. Key to this reaction is the efficient regeneration of the catalytically active nickel(0) species from nickel carbonyl complexes such as [Ni(CO) 3 L]. A variety of tri‐ and tetracyclic γ‐lactams were thus prepared in excellent yields with 100 % atom efficiency. Preliminary results on asymmetric derivatives promise potential in the synthesis of enantioenriched polycyclic γ‐lactams.
Effects and properties of poly(arylene ether benzonitrile)s of various molecular weights blended with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (2007)

Abstract Poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) (PAEBN) was synthesized with 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile and biphenol. PAEBNs with various molecular weights (MWs), 1,640,000 and 185,000 g/mol, were synthesized by control of the stoichiometry of the monomers and were blended with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The effects of MW on the water uptake, swelling, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PAEBN blend membranes were investigated. The molecular mobility of the SPEEK/PAEBN blends was also examined in this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Tree automata, mu-calculus and determinacy (2002)

It is shown that the propositional mu-calculus is equivalent in expressive power to finite automata on infinite trees. Since complementation is trivial in the mu-calculus, the equivalence provides a radically simplified, alternative proof of M.O. Rabin's (1989) complementation lemma for tree automata, which is the heart of one of the deepest decidability results. It is also shown how mu-calculus can be used to establish determinacy of infinite games used in earlier proofs of complementation lemma, and certain games used in the theory of online algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Review of: “The Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention: A Global Perspective” (2010)

"A Review of: “The Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention: A Global Perspective”." , 14(2), pp. 109–110
Relationship between Resolution Blur and Stochastic Defect of Chemically Amplified Resists Used for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (2019)

The stochastic defect generation such as pinching and bridging is a serious concern in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The resolution blur (caused by secondary electrons) as well as the shot noise of EUV photons is considered to affect the stochastic defect generation. In this study, the relationship between resolution blur and stochastic defect generation in chemically amplified resists was investigated assuming two virtual sensitization mechanisms to clarify the effects of resolution blur. For the non-sequential radiative model, the increase of quantum efficiency from 2 to 4 is considered to be effective for the sensitivity enhancement, when the sensitization distance is shorter than 3 nm.
Temperature measurement and equilibrium dynamics of simulated annealing placements (1990)

One way to alleviate the heavy computation required by simulated annealing placement algorithms is to replace a significant fraction of the higher or middle temperatures with a faster heuristic, and then follow it with simulated annealing. A crucial issue in this approach is the determination of the starting temperature for the simulated annealing phase-a temperature should be chosen that causes an appropriate amount of optimization to be done, but makes good use of the structure provided by the heuristic. A method for measuring the temperature of an existing placement is presented. The approach is based on the measurement of the probability distribution of the change in cost function, P( Delta C), and makes the assumption that the placement is in simulated annealing equilibrium at some temperature. The temperature of placements produced by both a simulated annealing and a min-cut placement algorithm are measured, and good agreement with known temperatures is obtained. The P( Delta C) distribution is also used to give an interesting view of the equilibrium dynamics of simulated annealing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>