gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repeat‐Region Polymorphisms in the Gene for the Dendritic Cell–Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐3–Grabbing Nonintegrin–Related Molecule: Effects on HIV‐1 Susceptibility (2006)

In 1716 individuals--801 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seropositive individuals, 217 high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals, and 698 general HIV-1-seronegative individuals--from a Seattle cohort and a Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cohort, the association between HIV-1 susceptibility and repeat-region polymorphisms in the gene for the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin-related molecule (DC-SIGNR) was investigated; 16 genotypes were found in the DC-SIGNR repeat region. The DC-SIGNR homozygous 7/7 repeat was found to be associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection (17.5% in high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals vs. 28.5% in HIV-1-seropositive individuals; P=.0015), whereas the DC-SIGNR heterozygous 7/5 repeat tended to be correlated with resistance to HIV-1 infection (35.5% in high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals vs. 27.6% in HIV-1-seropositive individuals; P=.0291). These findings suggest that DC-SIGNR polymorphisms may influence susceptibility to HIV-1.
Concentration‐dependent diffusion of unlabeled protein within an in vitro hyaluronic acid matrix (2023)

Diffusion and movement of subcutaneously injected biologics and high-concentration immunoglobulin G (IgG) therapeutics away from the injection site and through the subcutaneous (SC) tissue may be concentration dependent. This possibility was confirmed by in situ measurement of diffusion coefficients of unlabeled bovine IgG in phosphate-buffered saline within an in vitro hyaluronic acid matrix that represents the SC electrostatic environment. Diffusion decreased from 2.67 to 0.05 × 10<sup>-7</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> /s when IgG concentration increased from 25 to 73 mg/mL. The results demonstrated that in situ detection of unlabeled proteins within an in vitro SC environment provides another useful tool for the preclinical characterization of injectable biologics.
Induction of caspase‐11 by inflammatory stimuli in rat astrocytes: lipopolysaccharide induction through p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway (2001)

Caspase-11 plays a crucial role in both inflammation and apoptosis. Caspase-11 not only activates caspase-1, that is required for the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18, but also activates caspase-3, leading to cellular apoptosis under pathological conditions. Here, we cloned the rat homolog of caspase-11, and investigated its inducibility by inflammatory stimuli and signal transduction pathways involved. Deduced amino acid sequence of rat caspase-11 showed 88.7% similarity to mouse caspase-11, and in vitro translation of rat caspase-11 cDNA yielded approximately a 43 kDa polypeptide, which was in agreement with predicted protein size generated from full-length rat caspase-11 cDNA. The expression of caspase-11 was strongly induced at both mRNA and protein levels by inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in C6 rat glial cells as well as primary astrocytes. LPS induced activation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in C6 cells. However, SB203580 (specific inhibitor of p38 kinase), but not PD98059 (specific inhibitor of ERK kinase), inhibited LPS induction of caspase-11, indicating that induction of caspase-11 by LPS in astrocytes was mediated through the p38 MAPK pathway. Inflammatory induction of caspase-11 in astrocytes may play an important role in both inflammatory responses involving these cells and auto-regulatory apoptosis of activated astrocytes in inflammatory sites.
Methacrylate-functionalized oligomers based on lactide, E-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate for application in stereo-lithography [Conference Abstract] (2006)

Photo-curable biodegradable macromers were prepared by ring opening polymerization of D,L-lactide (DLLA), (similar to)-caprolactone (CL) and 1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC) in the presence of glycerol or sorbitol as initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst, and subsequent methacrylation of the terminal hydroxyl groups. These methacrylated macromers, ranging in molecular weight from approximately 700 to 6000 g/mol, were cross-linked using ultraviolet (UV) light to form biodegradable networks. Homogeneous networks with high gel contents were prepared. One of the resins based on PTMC was used to prepare three-dimensional structures by stereo-lithography using a commercially available apparatus.
Model-based deduction of CMYK surface coverages from visible and infrared spectral measurements of halftone prints (2007)

The Yule-Nielsen modified Spectral Neugebauer reflection prediction model enhanced with an ink spreading model provides high accuracy when predicting reflectance spectra from ink surface coverages. In the present contribution, we try to inverse the model, i.e. to deduce the surface coverages of a printed color halftone patch from its measured reflectance spectrum. This process yields good results for cyan, magenta, and yellow inks, but unstable results when simultaneously fitting cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks due to redundancy between these four inks: black can be obtained by printing either the black ink or similar amounts of the cyan, magenta, and yellow inks. To overcome this problem, we use the fact that the black pigmented ink absorbs light in the infrared domain, whereas cyan, magenta, and yellow inks do not. Therefore, with reflection spectra measurements spanning both the visible and infrared domain, it is possible to accurately deduce the black ink coverage. Since there is no redundancy anymore, the cyan, magenta, yellow, and pigmented black ink coverages can be recovered with high accuracy.
CORROSION OF STEEL STRUCTURES IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS BASED ON FIELD INVESTIGATIONS (1989)

In order to study the actual states and tendencies of corrosion of steel structures in marine environments, some analyses were performed on the results of the investigations conducted in the various ports and the following results were obtained. Corrosion rate nearby L. W. L varied from structure to structure. The corrosion rate of steel pipe piles was a little larger than that of steel sheet piles. Intensive corrosion under mean low water level, so called concentrated corrosion, were found in many of the structures; the concentrated corrosion had a tendency to occur at steel pipe piles, with having high upper exposed end of steel members, in sea water of poor quality and in sea water with inflow of fresh water.
Analysis of the effect of isotope scattering on the thermal conductivity of crystalline silicon (1999)

We present an analysis of recent thermal-conductivity measurements on crystalline silicon in which the concentration of the ${}^{28}\mathrm{Si}$ isotope has been increased above the natural abundance. We calculate from the phonon Boltzmann equation the change in the conductivity due to a change in isotope concentration. The conductivity change is evaluated numerically using a realistic model of the lattice dynamics of silicon.
Re‐induction of complete remission with a new synthetic retinoid, Am‐80, for relapse of acute promyelocytic leukaemia previously treated with all‐trans retinoic acid (1997)

Two patients with relapsed acute promyelocytic leukaemia previously treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), were treated with a new synthetic retinoid, Am-80. In both patients pancytopenia gradually resolved without an increase in leukaemic cells, and differentiation of leukaemic cells was observed morphologically in bone marrow. Without the use of anti-leukaemic agents, both cases achieved complete remission (CR) on days 52 and 38 of treatment, respectively. On the day of CR, PML gene rearrangement and the t(15;17) translocation disappeared, though PML-RAR alpha chimaeric messenger RNA was still detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Both patients then received conventional chemotherapy for consolidation of CR. These clinical experiences suggest that Am-80 may be an active agent for APL patients who have relapsed from ATRA-induced remission.
Progenitor Cells From the Explanted Heart Generate Immunocompatible Myocardium Within the Transplanted Donor Heart (2009)

Our data suggest that tissue regeneration by differentiation of recipient cardiac progenitor cells restored a significant portion of the rejected donor myocardium. Ultimately, immunosuppressive therapy may be only partially required improving quality of life and lifespan of patients with cardiac transplantation.
Finger and forehead photoplethysmography-derived pulse-pressure variation and the benefits of baseline correction (2018)

To non-invasively predict fluid responsiveness, respiration-induced pulse amplitude variation (PAV) in the photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal has been proposed as an alternative to pulse pressure variation (PPV) in the arterial blood pressure (ABP) signal. However, it is still unclear how the performance of the PPG-derived PAV is site-dependent during surgery. The aim of this study is to compare finger- and forehead-PPG derived PAV in their ability to approach the value and trend of ABP-derived PPV. Furthermore, this study investigates four potential confounding factors, (1) baseline variation, (2) PPV, (3) ratio of respiration and heart rate, and (4) perfusion index, which might affect the agreement between PPV and PAV. In this work, ABP, finger PPG, and forehead PPG were continuously recorded in 29 patients undergoing major surgery in the operating room. A total of 91.2 h data were used for analysis, from which PAV and PPV were calculated and compared. We analyzed the impact of the four factors using a multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. The results show that compared with the ABP-derived PPV, finger-derived PAV had an agreement of 3.2 ± 5.1%, whereas forehead-PAV had an agreement of 12.0 ± 9.1%. From the MLR analysis, we found that baseline variation was a factor significantly affecting the agreement between PPV and PAV. After correcting for respiration-induced baseline variation, the agreements for finger- and forehead-derived PAV were improved to reach an agreement of - 1.2 ± 3.8% and 3.3 ± 4.8%, respectively. To conclude, finger-derived PAV showed better agreement with ABP-derived PPV compared to forehead-derived PAV. Baseline variation was a factor that significantly affected the agreement between PPV and PAV. By correcting for the baseline variation, improved agreements were obtained for both the finger and forehead, and the difference between these two agreements was diminished. The tracking abilities for both finger- and forehead-derived PAV still warrant improvement for wide use in clinical practice. Overall, our results show that baseline-corrected finger- and forehead-derived PAV may provide a non-invasive alternative for PPV.
Anmerkung (2007)

»Vielmehr bietet [der Kommentar] auf höchstem Niveau eine substantielle Auseinandersetzung mit den Hintergründen, den Zusammenhängen, der Theorie und der Praxis des Grundgesetzes. Besseres lässt sich von einem Verfassungskommentar nicht sagen.“ Herbert Günther Staaatsanzeiger für das Land Hessen 2018 (50), 1494–1495
On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in west Los Angeles: Year 4, October 2005 (2006)

, HC and NO in the exhaust that would be observed by a tailpipe probe, corrected for water and any excess oxygen not involved in combustion. Mass emissions per mass or volume of fuel can also be determined. The system used in this study was configured to determine the speed and acceleration of the vehicle, and was accompanied by a video system to record the license plate of the vehicle. Five days of fieldwork, October 17-21, 2005, were conducted as vehicles entered I-10 eastbound frontage road from La Brea Ave. in the west Los Angeles basin. A database was compiled containing 19,599 records. Of these records, the State of California provided make and model year information on 19,545 which contained valid measurements for at least CO and CO
SLAS: Speed and Lane Advisory System for Highway Navigation (2022)

This paper proposes a hierarchical autonomous vehicle navigation architecture, composed of a high-level speed and lane advisory system (SLAS) coupled with low-level trajectory generation and trajectory following modules. Specifically, we target a multi-lane highway driving scenario where an autonomous ego vehicle navigates in traffic. We propose a novel receding horizon mixed-integer optimization based method for SLAS with the objective to minimize travel time while accounting for passenger comfort. We further incorporate various modifications in the proposed approach to improve the overall computational efficiency and achieve real-time performance. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in contrast to the existing methods, when applied in conjunction with state-of-the-art trajectory generation and trajectory following frameworks, in a CARLA simulation environment.
A Power-Aware GALS Architecture for Real-Time Algorithm-Specific Tasks (2005)

We propose an adaptive scalable architecture suitable for performing real-time algorithm-specific tasks. The architecture is based on the globally asynchronous and locally synchronous (GALS) design paradigm. We demonstrate that for different real-time commercial applications with algorithm-specific jobs like online transaction processing, Fourier transform etc., the proposed architecture allows dynamic load-balancing and adaptive inter-task voltage scaling. The architecture can also detect process-shifts for the individual processing units and determine their appropriate operating conditions. Simulation results for two representative applications show that for a random job distribution, we obtain up to 67% improvement in MOPS/W (millions of operations per second per watt) over a fully synchronous implementation.
Reductive N‐alkylation of secondary amines with [2‐11C]acetone (2003)

Abstract The development of a labeling method for secondary amines with [2‐ 11 C]acetone is described since the R 2 N ‐isopropyl moiety is present in many biologically active compounds. The influence of a variety of parameters (e.g. reagents, solvents, temperature, and time) on the reaction outcome is discussed. Under the optimal reaction conditions, [ 11 C]1‐isopropyl‐4‐phenylpiperazine ([ 11 C]iPPP) was synthesized from [2‐ 11 C]acetone and 1‐phenylpiperazine in a decay‐corrected radiochemical yield of 72%. The overall synthesis time, from EOB to HPLC analysis of [ 11 C]iPPP, was 20 min. Specific activity was 142–208 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Ultra-Robust Design of Mode (De)Multiplexer Based on Asymmetrical Directional Coupler Using Wire and One-Side Rib Waveguides (2019)

An ultra-robust Si mode (de)multiplexer is newly proposed. The device is composed of Si wire and one-side rib waveguides. The numerical results based on the coupled mode theory show the effectiveness of our proposed design.
Graph-based representation and techniques for NLU application development (2003)

We describe a method to represent, manipulate, structure and aid in the design and development of NLU oriented parsers. Our method is based on the representation of the semantic parser domain into a single directed graph showing the parser's labels and their immediate inter-relationships as they exist in the annotated development corpora. Furthermore, we present methods developed around this representation illustrating how, a developer can visualize, manipulate, design and construct new applications simply by acting on the domain graph and sub-graphs. We also describe how the graph representation method can be utilized in the reduction of the complexity of the parser by identification and removal of nodes, edges and structures of the domain graph whose impact on attribute accuracy is small. We present the following examples of applications of our technique: extension of an existing air travel information domain to include car rental reservation by manipulating the corresponding graphs, structuring such graphs' vertices into 3-tiers, an example of a method for complex domain decomposition into simpler sub-graphs, and experiments on the reduction of a parser's complexity. Our technique can serve as a foundation of GUI toolkits for NLU development built around these concepts.
The need for global regulatory harmonization: A public health imperative (2016)

Because public health and innovation are no longer national issues, regulatory authorities must apply a global view to oversight.
Delayed Functional Expression of Neuronal Chemokine Receptors Following Focal Nerve Demyelination in the Rat: A Mechanism for the Development of Chronic Sensitization of Peripheral Nociceptors (2007)

These results suggest that the presence of chemokine signaling by both injured and adjacent, uninjured sensory neurons is correlated with the maintenance phase of a persistent pain state, suggesting that chemokine receptor antagonists may be an important therapeutic intervention for chronic pain.
Electroless Deposition of Copper on Organic and Inorganic Substrates Using a Sn/Ag Catalyst (2012)

In this study, the electroless deposition of copper and silver was investigated on epoxy and silicon dioxide-based substrates. A cost-efficient, Sn/Ag catalyst was investigated as a replacement for the Sn/Pd catalyst currently used in board technology. The surface of the epoxy based polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) films was modified by plasma and chemical etching for electroless activation without the creation of a roughened surface. The electroless copper deposited on the modified POSS surface exhibited excellent adhesion when annealed at 180°C in nitrogen for 90 min or at room temperature for 24 hr. Electroless copper deposition was also demonstrated on oxidized silicon wafers for through silicon via sidewall deposition.
CD11c/CD18: novel ligands and a role in delayed-type hypersensitivity (2007)

CD11c, a member of the leukointegrin family, is expressed prominently on tissue macrophages and dendritic cells and binds to complement fragment (iC3b), provisional matrix molecules (fibrinogen), and the Ig superfamily cell adhesion molecule, ICAM-1. CD11c has been proposed to function in phagocytosis, cell migration, and cytokine production by monocytes/macrophages as well as induction of T cell proliferation by Langerhans cells. Using assays to quantify CD11c-mediated cell adhesion, we demonstrate that CD11c recognizes ICAM-2 and VCAM-1. The CD11c-binding site on VCAM-1 appears to be different from that used by the integrin alpha4. CD11c and alpha4beta1 contributed to monocyte capture and transmigration on inflamed human aortic endothelial cells. We discovered that the anti-mouse CD11c mAb N418 blocks CD11c binding to iC3b, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Treatment of mice with N418 reduced SRBC-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity significantly. CD11c appeared to contribute predominantly to the sensitization phase and somewhat less to the response to SRBC challenge. This suggests a novel role for CD11c during leukocyte recruitment, antigen uptake, and the survival of APC.
A SIGNALING CD28 ANTIBODY PROLONGS SURVIVAL AND PRESERVES RENAL ALLOGRAFT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN A RAT MODEL OF CHRONIC REJECTION. (2000)

Laskowski, Igor A.1,3; Pratschke, Jochann1; Wilhelm, Markus J.1; Dong, Victor M.2; Beato, Francisca4; Sayegh, Mohamed H.2; Tilney, Nicholas L.1 Author Information
Laser flash photolysis study of 10, 10‐dimethyl‐9‐anthrylidene, a carbene with nearly degenerate singlet and triplet states (1992)

Abstract 10, 10‐Dimethyl‐9‐anthrylidene (DMA) was studied by laser flash photolysis (LFP) techniques. LFP of the requisite diazo precursor in pentane or carbon tetrachioride produced transient spectra attributed to the hydrocarbon and monochlorinated diarylmethyl radicals, respectively. In the presence of pyridine and oxygen, ylides were formed upon LFP of 10, 10‐dimethyl‐9‐diazoanthrone. However, ylides are not formed in acetonifrile or acetone. The carbene itself was not detected by transient absorption spectroscopy. The absolute rate constants for reaction of DMA with pyridine, methanol and triethylsilane are 1·96 × 10 9 , 1·8 × 10 10 , and 1·0 × 10 8 I mol −1 s −1 , respectively. It is concluded that the singlet and triplet states of DMA are essentially degenerate.
In situ synthesis of PcBN composites from Sialon–TiN–TiB 2 binder and cBN under high temperature and pressure (2023)

Abstract Polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) composites were synthesized in situ with TiB 2 , TiN, and Sialon as binders under ultrahigh temperature (1550°C) and high pressure (5.5 GPa). X‐ray diffractometry, universal testing machine, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the effect of Sialon content (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% by mass of binder) on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of PcBN composites. The results show that the main phases in the system are lamellar TiN, needle‐rodlike TiB 2 , and irregular long‐rodlike Sialon. Some TiB 2 grows along the (1 0 −1 0) face, and Sialon grows along the (0 0 0 1) face. The density and mechanical properties of the sintered product are significantly improved due to the formation of Sialon. When the content of Sialon is 60%, the binder is uniformly distributed, the cBN interface is well bonded, and the density is the highest. At this time, the strength reaches the maximum 34.57 GPa, the fracture toughness is 6.82 MPa m 1/2 , and the flexural strength reaches the maximum 870.79 MPa. On the whole, cBN composites have excellent prospects for future applications in cutting inserts due to their excellent mechanical properties.
Bioprinting of biomimetic skin containing melanocytes (2017)

This study reports a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique that is capable of producing a full-thickness skin model containing pigmentation. Multiple layers of fibroblast (FB)-containing collagen hydrogel precursor were printed and crosslinked through neutralization using sodium bicarbonate, constituting the dermal layer. Melanocytes (MCs) and keratinocytes (KCs) were sequentially printed on top of the dermal layer to induce skin pigmentation upon subsequent air-liquid interface culture. Histological analysis was performed not only to confirm the formation of distinct skin layers, but also to identify the presence of pigmentation. The bioprinted skin structure showed the dermal and epidermal layers as well as the terminal differentiation of the KC that formed the stratum corneum. Moreover, the MC-containing epidermal layer showed freckle-like pigmentations at the dermal-epidermal junction, without the use of external ultraviolet light or chemical stimuli. The presented method offers the capability of producing engineered ephelides in biomimetic skin, thus rendering 3D bioprinting techniques as productive on-demand options for the creation of skin models available for therapeutic or research use.
Scanning tunneling microscope as a micromechanical tool (1987)

The need to fashion materials on a submicron scale is now well recognized. In a scanning tunneling microscope we have been able to achieve nanometer scale control of the depth of penetration of the probe into a thin insulating film, and by laterally traversing the probe we have been able to machine away submicron-wide, 20-nm-thick strips of the insulating film without damage to the substrate or probe. This could represent a new approach to ultrafine machining. However, the detailed mechanism of how the tunneling current through the film can be used to control the machining depth is still unclear.