gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Diuretic Agents on Electrolyte Excretion in the Dog (1979)

The sulfonamide derivative diuretics acetazolamide, metolazone and furosemide produce differing degrees of natriuresis and varying patterns of phosphate excretion. At least part of the explanation for these diverse actions could be related to divergent effects of the drugs on total renal blood flow (TRBF) and its intracortical distribution (IBFD). To test this hypothesis, and to determine if a consistent thesis regarding alterations in interenal blood flow could be developed, clearance studies were performed in chronically thyroparathyroidectomized dogs in which radioactive microsphere methodology was utilized to evaluate the distribution of blood flow within the renal cortex. These data were then compared with those available in the literature. The variations which the drugs induced in TRBF and IBFD did not help to explain the differences in their diuretic actions. However, a consistent hypothesis relating natriuresis, perfusion pressure, renal vascular resistance, TRBF and IBFD could be developed based on the data from this study and those available in the literature.
Optical properties of highly Nd-doped GdVO4 crystals grown by the floating zone method (2002)

Highly neodymium-doped GdVO4 crystals were successfully grown by the floating zone (FZ) method. Nd-doped crystals with a Nd concentration as high as 10 at.% showed favorable optical properties and laser performance. We demonstrated 879 nm pumping for lasing at 1063 nm due to strong absorption with highly Nd-doped crystals.
A framework for human microbiome research (2012)

A variety of microbial communities and their genes (microbiome) exist throughout the human body, playing fundamental roles in human health and disease. The NIH funded Human Microbiome Project (HMP) Consortium has established a population-scale framework which catalyzed significant development of metagenomic protocols resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. Here we present resources from a population of 242 healthy adults sampled at 15 to 18 body sites up to three times, which to date, have generated 5,177 microbial taxonomic profiles from 16S rRNA genes and over 3.5 Tb of metagenomic sequence. In parallel, approximately 800 human-associated reference genomes have been sequenced. Collectively, these data represent the largest resource to date describing the abundance and variety of the human microbiome, while providing a platform for current and future studies.
Nanoscale transient gratings excited and probed by extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulses (2019)

Advances in developing ultrafast coherent sources operating at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray wavelengths allow the extension of nonlinear optical techniques to shorter wavelengths. Here, we describe EUV transient grating spectroscopy, in which two crossed femtosecond EUV pulses produce spatially periodic nanoscale excitations in the sample and their dynamics is probed via diffraction of a third time-delayed EUV pulse. The use of radiation with wavelengths down to 13.3 nm allowed us to produce transient gratings with periods as short as 28 nm and observe thermal and coherent phonon dynamics in crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon nitride. This approach allows measurements of thermal transport on the ~10-nm scale, where the two samples show different heat transport regimes, and can be applied to study other phenomena showing nontrivial behaviors at the nanoscale, such as structural relaxations in complex liquids and ultrafast magnetic dynamics.
Data from <i>In vitro</i> Biological Characterization of a Novel, Synthetic Diaryl Pyrazole Resorcinol Class of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) has emerged as an exciting molecular target. Derivatives of the natural product geldanamycin, such as 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin (17-AAG), were the first HSP90 ATPase inhibitors to enter clinical trial. Synthetic small-molecule HSP90 inhibitors have potential advantages. Here, we describe the biological properties of the lead compound of a new class of 3,4-diaryl pyrazole resorcinol HSP90 inhibitor (CCT018159), which we identified by high-throughput screening. CCT018159 inhibited human HSP90β with comparable potency to 17-AAG and with similar ATP-competitive kinetics. X-ray crystallographic structures of the NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-terminal domain of yeast Hsp90 complexed with CCT018159 or its analogues showed binding properties similar to radicicol. The mean cellular GI&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; value of CCT018159 across a panel of human cancer cell lines, including melanoma, was 5.3 μmol/L. Unlike 17-AAG, the &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; antitumor activity of the pyrazole resorcinol analogues is independent of NQO1/DT-diaphorase and P-glycoprotein expression. The molecular signature of HSP90 inhibition, comprising increased expression of HSP72 protein and depletion of ERBB2, CDK4, C-RAF, and mutant B-RAF, was shown by Western blotting and quantified by time-resolved fluorescent-Cellisa in human cancer cell lines treated with CCT018159. CCT018159 caused cell cytostasis associated with a G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; arrest and induced apoptosis. CCT018159 also inhibited key endothelial and tumor cell functions implicated in invasion and angiogenesis. Overall, we have shown that diaryl pyrazole resorcinols exhibited similar cellular properties to 17-AAG with potential advantages (e.g., aqueous solubility, independence from NQO1 and P-glycoprotein). These compounds form the basis for further structure-based optimization to identify more potent inhibitors suitable for clinical development. [Cancer Res 2007;67(5):2206–16]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Challenges for the Development of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Nucleic Acid Medicines (2021)

Nucleic acid drugs, such as siRNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, and miRNAs, exert their therapeutic effects by causing genetic changes in cells. However, there are various limitations in their delivery to target organs and cells, making their application to cancer treatment difficult. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles that are released from most cells, are stable in the blood, and have low immunogenicity. Methods using EVs to deliver nucleic acid drugs to target organs are rapidly being developed that take advantage of these properties. There are two main methods for loading nucleic acid drugs into EVs. One is to genetically engineer the parent cell and load the target gene into the EV, and the other is to isolate EVs and then load them with the nucleic acid drug. Target organ delivery methods include passive targeting using the enhanced permeation and retention effect of EVs and active targeting in which EVs are modified with antibodies, peptides, or aptamers to enhance their accumulation in tumors. In this review, we summarize the advantages of EVs as a drug delivery system for nucleic acid drugs, the methods of loading nucleic acid drugs into EVs, and the targeting of EVs to target organs.
Mechanistic Studies of Palladium Thin Film Growth from Palladium(II) β-Diketonates. 2. Kinetic Analysis of the Transmetalation Reaction of Bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)palladium(II) on Copper Surfaces (1996)

The reaction pathways and kinetics for the selective deposition of palladium on copper from the metal−organic precursor Pd(hfac)2 have been established by means of reactive molecular beam−surface scattering where a flux of Pd(hfac)2 (ranging from 1013 to 1014 molecules cm-2 s-1) impinges continuously on the copper surface. The surface selectivity of the deposition process is a consequence of a “redox transmetalation” reaction, which is best described by the stoichiometric equation Pd(hfac)2 + Cu → Pd + Cu(hfac)2. On polycrystalline copper foils, the production and subsequent desorption of Cu(hfac)2 from the surface occurs with unit efficiency at temperatures between 400 and 600 K. At temperatures above 600 K, the yield of Cu(hfac)2 decreases and eventually falls to zero at 800 K as the thermolytic decomposition of the hfac ligands on the surface becomes kinetically competitive. We have devised a steady-state kinetic model of the adsorption of Pd(hfac)2, desorption of Cu(hfac)2, and thermolytic decomposition of hfac molecules that quantitatively fits the decrease in Cu(hfac)2 yield seen at higher temperatures. The transmetalation reaction follows an apparent power rate law that is first order in Cu and first order in hfac coverage; the preexponential factor and the activation energy for the transmetalation reaction are A‘ = 2 × 10-10 molecules-1 cm2 s-1 (or ∼1 × 106 s-1 when normalized to the surface atom density of Cu) and Ea‘ = 13 kcal mol-1. The steady-state kinetic model accurately predicts the deposition rate so long as diffusion of the Pd atoms into the Cu bulk is relatively fast; for the precursor fluxes used in the present study, this situation holds on polycrystalline copper foils because the grain boundaries present provide a mechanism for the rapid interdiffusion of Pd and Cu. On a single crystal copper substrate, where the high diffusivity pathway due to grain boundaries is absent, the transmetalation reaction is self-limiting at our precursor fluxes owing to the slower rate of atomic diffusion. The diffusion coefficient (D) for the interdiffusion of palladium and copper on single crystal substrates has been calculated from a kinetic model explicitly incorporating the transport processes and is estimated to be ∼10-18 cm2 s-1 at 358 K. The nature of multicomponent chemical vapor deposition processes that operate under the kinetic control of atomic diffusion is discussed.
In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of the Trypanocidal Activity of a Diarylthiophene Diamidine against Trypanosoma cruzi (2008)

Aromatic diamidines are DNA minor groove-binding ligands that display excellent antimicrobial activity against fungi, bacteria, and protozoa. Due to the currently unsatisfactory chemotherapy for Chagas' disease and in view of our previous reports regarding the effect of diamidines and analogues against both in vitro and in vivo Trypanosoma cruzi infection, this study evaluated the effects of a diarylthiophene diamidine (DB1362) against both amastigotes and bloodstream trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. The data show the potent in vitro activity of DB1362 against both parasite forms that are relevant for mammalian infection at doses which do not exhibit cytotoxicity. Ultrastructural analysis and flow cytometry studies show striking alterations in the nuclei and mitochondria of the bloodstream parasites. In vivo studies were performed at two different drug concentrations (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) using a 2-day or a 10-day regimen. The best results were obtained when acutely infected mice were treated with two doses at the lower concentration, resulting in 100% survival, compared to the infected and untreated mice. Although it did not display higher efficacy than benznidazole, DB1362 reduced both cardiac parasitism and inflammation, and in addition, it protected against the cardiac alterations (determined by measurements) common in T. cruzi infection. These results support further investigation of diamidines and related compounds as potential agents against Chagas' disease.
GA-67-CITRATE VERSUS TC-99M-LABELLED LL2-FAB'-FRAGMENTS (ANTI-CD22) IN THE STAGING OF B-CELL NON-HODGKINʼS LYMPHOMA (NHL) (1994)

s: Fifth Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer: Sessions III & IV: Clinical Studies of Radioimmunodetection, I–II: PDF Only
A Cationic Cyclophane That Forms a Base-Pair Open Complex with RNA Duplexes (1996)

It is now well-established that synthetic organic cations can interact with the helical conformations of DNA and RNA and can stabilize these structures. Such interactions can also perturb the function of nucleic acids, generally through modification of the interaction of nucleic acids with proteins and, thus, can be of significant therapeutic benefit against selected cells or organisms. We have investigated by Tm and viscosity studies and by CD and 1H NMR spectra the interactions of tetracationic azoniacyclophanes, CPnn, where nn is the number of methylene groups (from 3 to 6) in the linking chains, with DNA and RNA polymers of the same sequence. All the compounds stabilize the DNA polymers, but, in a surprising result, the compounds either stabilize RNA duplexes or alternatively cause base-pair opening in RNA duplexes depending on the size of the cyclophane and the solution conditions. With RNA polymers containing A−U base pairs, the largest cyclophane, CP66, specifically binds the adenine bases into its cavity and can cause complete denaturation of the RNA at high concentrations. The NMR shift changes observed both for CP66 and the adenine base in the polymer predict an inclusion complex with the base in the cavity of CP66. These shift values can be related to those measured earlier with complexes between the same macrocycle and several adenine derivatives (Schneider, H.-J.; Blatter, T.; Palm, B.; Pfingstag, U.; Rüdiger, V.; Theis, I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 7704−7708) and reflect the NMR anisotropy effects of the aromatic units both in host and guest. The different effects of the compounds on DNA and RNA are caused by significant differences in their interactions with the duplex and single-stranded states of the nucleic acids.
The K2 and TESS Synergy. I. Updated Ephemerides and Parameters for K2-114, K2-167, K2-237, and K2-261 (2020)

© 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Although the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) primary mission observed the northern and southern ecliptic hemispheres, generally avoiding the ecliptic, and the Kepler space telescope during the K2 mission could only observe near the ecliptic, many of the K2 fields extend far enough from the ecliptic plane that sections overlap with TESS fields. Using photometric observations from both K2 and TESS, combined with archival spectroscopic observations, we globally modeled four known planetary systems discovered by K2 that were observed in the first year of the primary TESS mission. Specifically, we provide updated ephemerides and system parameters for K2-114 b, K2-167 b, K2-237 b, and K2-261 b. These were some of the first K2 planets to be observed by TESS in the first year and include three Jovian sized planets and a sub-Neptune with orbital periods less than 12 days. In each case, the updated ephemeris significantly reduces the uncertainty in prediction of future times of transit, which is valuable for planning observations with the James Webb Space Telescope and other future facilities. The TESS extended mission is expected to observe about half of the K2 fields, providing the opportunity to perform this type of analysis on a larger number of systems.
The non-auditory health effects of chronic noise exposure: A review (2018)

This paper serves as a review of the most recent literature on the effects of chronic noise exposure on the health of human listeners. The auditory effects of occupational and other exposure to noise have been well researched and the prevention and treatment of noise-induced hearing loss is largely understood. However, as the populations of urban areas and large city centers grow, the interest in the non-auditory health effects of exposure to environmental noise such as transportation noise, aircraft noise, and other community noise has also increased. Within the past few years, several new studies have been conducted strengthening the evidence for a link between exposure to high levels of environmental noise and ill-health, especially with regards to cardio-vascular and endocrine health, immune function, sleep loss, and mental health. The research covered in this review is inclusive of human experimental, epidemiological, and mechanistic studies. Additional research will be needed to completely assess and understand the increasingly present threat to human health that is chronic environmental noise. This review will be used as the foundation for a future study examining the correlation between ill-health and noise pollution from a nearby airport.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the New Zealand parasitic roundwormTeladorsagia circumcincta(Trichostrongyloidea: Haemonchidae) field strain NZ_Teci_NP (2019)

The complete mitochondrial genome of the New Zealand parasitic nematode <i>Teladorsagia circumcincta</i> field strain NZ_Teci_NP was sequenced and annotated. The 14,083 bp-long mitogenome contains 12 protein-coding genes (atp8 gene missing), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Phylogenetic analysis showed that <i>T. circumcincta</i> NZ_Teci_NP forms a monophyletic cluster with the remaining Haemonchidae species and further reinforces the high levels of diversity and gene flow observed among Trichostrongylidae.
Reflection of Phonons at Interfaces between Silicon and Solid Hydrogen and Deuterium (1975)

The reflection of phonons at an interface between a silicon crystal and solidified hydrogen and deuterium has been investigated by the heat-pulse method. The reflection coefficients are found to be much smaller than predicted by the acoustic-mismatch theory.
Novel Error Separation Method for Straightness Measurement (2007)

novel time-domain error separation method which can reconstruct straightness profile of workpiece exactly for on-machine measurement has successfully been developed. The proposed method is based on difference measurement and can use two or three displacement probes. It possesses following characteristics: (i) adapting to long or short workpiece, (ii) assuming no prior knowledge, (iii) employing large shears, (iv) needing no accurate zero-adjustment of probes, and (v) reconstructing various surfaces including smooth, non-smooth, periodic and non-periodic profiles with no theoretical error. The shortest length which can be reconstructed exactly has been calculated in time-domain method. The theoretical analysis justifies the effectiveness of this method.
Friction coefficients of battery metals and the usage in ultrasonic welding simulations (2013)

Ultrasonic welding is one of the mainstream joining technologies for an automotive battery pack where battery cells are welded mostly in series with bus-bars on interconnect circuit boards in battery electric vehicles (BEV). Mathematical simulations, such as Finite Element Analysis, have been used to simulate the ultrasonic welding for process and joint quality optimizations. Since friction-generated heat plays a critical role in ultrasonic welding, accurate friction coefficient measurement is essential to the fidelity of such simulations. This paper describes the experimental results of friction coefficients for such materials, as well as the effects of surface conditions, sliding frequencies, and normal loads on the friction coefficient. It was found that the average friction coefficient between a Cu bus-bar and a Cu tab is 1.2, while between a Cu bus-bar and an Al tab is 0.6. The finite element analysis of the battery tab welding process using the measured friction data is depicted.
In Vitro Analysis of Acetalated Dextran Microparticles as a Potent Delivery Platform for Vaccine Adjuvants (2010)

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists induce potent innate immune responses and can be used in the development of novel vaccine adjuvants. However, access to TLRs can be challenging as exemplified by TLR 7, which is located intracellularly in endosomal compartments. To increase recognition and subsequent stimulatory effects of TLR 7, imiquimod was encapsulated in acetalated dextran (Ac-DEX) microparticles. Ac-DEX, a water-insoluble and biocompatible polymer, is relatively stable at pH 7.4, but degrades rapidly under acidic conditions, such as those found in lysosomal vesicles. To determine the immunostimulatory capacity of encapsulated imiquimod, we compared the efficacy of free versus encapsulated imiquimod in activating RAW 264.7 macrophages, MH-S macrophages, and bone marrow derived dendritic cells. Encapsulated imiquimod significantly increased IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha cytokine expression in macrophages relative to the free drug. Furthermore, significant increases were observed in classic macrophage activation markers (iNOS, PD1-L1, and NO) after treatment with encapsulated imiquimod over the free drug. Also, bone marrow derived dendritic cells produced significantly higher levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12p70, and MIP-1 alpha as compared to their counterparts receiving free imiquimod. These results suggest that encapsulation of TLR ligands within Ac-DEX microparticles results in increased immunostimulation and potentially better protection from disease when used in conjunction with vaccine formulations.
Diffraction analysis of LC gratings based on linearly graded phase model for surface anchoring energies (2007)

Abstract We reported the diffraction analysis of the liquid crystal (LC) binary gratings and the surface anchoring energies for planar and homeotropic alignments. The planar and homeotropic anchoring energies were directly derived based on the linearly distorted director distribution near domain boundaries, in which the distorted lengths correspond to the extrapolation lengths into both planar and homeotropic regions. From the diffraction analysis for the LC binary gratings with various grating periods based on the linearly graded phase model, both distorted lengths into planar and homeotropic regions were simultaneously obtained. In this work, the planar and homeotropic anchoring energies were found to be about 1.4 × 10-4 J/m2 and 0.9 × 10-5 J/m2, respectively. Keywords: liquid crystaldiffraction gratinganchoring energyphotoalignment Notes Member, KIDS Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133–791, Korea. School of Electrical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151–742, Korea
Quantum Algorithm for Spectral Measurement with a Lower Gate Count (2018)

We present two techniques that can greatly reduce the number of gates required to realize an energy measurement, with application to ground state preparation in quantum simulations. The first technique realizes that to prepare the ground state of some Hamiltonian, it is not necessary to implement the time-evolution operator: any unitary operator which is a function of the Hamiltonian will do. We propose one such unitary operator which can be implemented exactly, circumventing any Taylor or Trotter approximation errors. The second technique is tailored to lattice models, and is targeted at reducing the use of generic single-qubit rotations, which are very expensive to produce by standard fault tolerant techniques. In particular, the number of generic single-qubit rotations used by our method scales with the number of parameters in the Hamiltonian, which contrasts with a growth proportional to the lattice size required by other techniques.
Discovering highly reliable subgraphs in uncertain graphs (2011)

In this paper, we investigate the highly reliable subgraph problem, which arises in the context of uncertain graphs. This problem attempts to identify all induced subgraphs for which the probability of connectivity being maintained under uncertainty is higher than a given threshold. This problem arises in a wide range of network applications, such as protein-complex discovery, network routing, and social network analysis. Since exact discovery may be computationally intractable, we introduce a novel sampling scheme which enables approximate discovery of highly reliable subgraphs with high probability. Furthermore, we transform the core mining task into a new frequent cohesive set problem in deterministic graphs. Such transformation enables the development of an efficient two-stage approach which combines novel peeling techniques for maximal set discovery with depth-first search for further enumeration. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms on real and synthetic data sets.