gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Embrittlement Properties of Ultra High-strength Low Alloy TRIP-aided Steels with Bainitic Ferrite Matrix (2006)

Hydrogen absorption behavior and hydrogen embrittlement properties of 1000-1800 MPa grade ultra high-strength low alloy TRIP-aided steels with bainitic ferrite matrix were investigated. The TRIP-aided steels absorbed a large amount of hydrogen, compared with the conventional tempered martensitic and bainitic steels. It was expected that the absorbed hydrogen was principally trapped in interlath retained austenite films and along bainitic ferrite lath boundary. Superior hydrogen embrittlement performances such as low hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility and high delayed fracture strength were achieved in the TRIP-aided steel. This may be associated with hydrogen trapping effect and TRIP effect of retained austenite.
Integrated Silicon PIN Photodiodes Using Deep N-Well in a Standard 0.18-$\mu$m CMOS Technology (2009)

This paper studies integrated silicon photodiodes (PDs) implemented in standard CMOS technologies. A new PIN PD structure utilizing deep n-well is presented, and compared with conventional vertical and lateral PIN PDs at 850-nm wavelength and different bias conditions. Prototype PDs were fabricated in a 0.18-mum standard CMOS technology, and their DC, impulse and frequency responses were characterized. A 70 times 70 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PD with the new structure achieved a 3-dB bandwidth of 2.2 GHz in small signal at 5-V bias, whereas conventional lateral and vertical PIN PDs could only operate up to 0.94 GHz and 1.15 GHz, respectively. At 5-V bias, the impulse response of the new PD exhibited a full-width at half-maximum pulsewidth of 127 ps, versus 175 and 150 ps for the conventional lateral and vertical ones, respectively. At 15.5-V bias, the bandwidth of this new PD reached 3.13 GHz, with an impulse response pulsewidth of 102 ps. The responsivity of all prototype PDs was measured at approximately 0.14 A/W up to 10-V bias, which corresponded to a quantum efficiency of 20%. The responsivity of the new PD could be further increased to 0.4 A/W or 58% quantum efficiency, when operating in the avalanche region at 16.2-V bias.
The influence of study design on results in HMI testing for active safety (2007)

Active safety systems show great potential in preventing a large number of accidents. However, unless the system is completely autonomous, its actual effect will depend on how well it interacts with the driver. Therefore, Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) testing for active safety systems has become central in their development. For reasons of reproducibility and safety, HMI testing is usually carried out in a driving simulator or test track environment. These environments are different from real life driving. Unless the study design accurately reflects the conditions under which the system will be used, results will have low validity. Hence, study design becomes very important. The influence of study design was shown in two HMI-studies of Forward Collision Warning (FCW) modalities carried out by Volvo Cars and Ford Motor Company in VIRTTEX, Ford's motion-based driving simulator. In each study subjects were exposed to a surprise FCW event, with most subjects receiving a FCW. Results show that distracted drivers’ reactions to the warning correlated to their degree of previous exposure to warnings as well as the type of warning. Drivers who had received other warnings in the vehicle prior to the surprise FCW event responded as intended to all warning types. Drivers who neither trained with nor were informed about any vehicle warnings prior to the surprise FCW event responded partially as intended to the warnings, with an interesting exception for verbal warnings. The results show that to achieve high validity in HMI evaluations, the study design can benefit from exposing drivers to warnings in a way that reflects their normal awareness of warnings in real life driving. It also suggests that developers could tailor HMI design to frequency of use, as well as benefit from keeping drivers adequately aware of the warning types a vehicle can provide.
Privacy-preserving approximate GWAS computation based on homomorphic encryption (2020)

Privacy-preserving semi-parallel GWAS computation can be efficiently done based on homomorphic encryption with sufficiently high accuracy compared to the semi-parallel GWAS computation in unencrypted state.
The unusual metal ion binding ability of histidyl tags and their mutated derivatives (2016)

Polyhistidine-tags are often used for the affinity purification of polyhistidine-tagged recombinant proteins. These sequences are also found in nature and are often highly conserved across different species. However, their exact role in the biological systems is not clear. The purpose of this work is to shed light on the behavior of poly-His sequences in their interactions with metal ions. This work illustrates the first study of novel poly-(His-Ala) peptides that bind Cu(ii) applying both experimental techniques and extensive computational tools. The studied novel peptides are analogues of the short protected fragment of the pHpG (EDDH9GVG10) peptide, which was found in the venom of Atheris squamigera. Our study presents the properties of metal ion binding-histidine tag complexes and their mutated derivatives. The Cu(ii) binding ability in pHG (Ac-EDDH9G-NH2) is more efficient than in the mutated derivatives, although the number of imidazoles that bind to Cu(ii) ions are similar. Finally, the formation of an α-helical structure is observed in pHG and in one of the mutated derivatives, indicating the importance of the sequence in the poly-(His-Ala) tags.
PSCAN'96: new software for simulation and optimization of complex RSFQ circuits (1997)

The first version of PSCAN program (Personal Superconductor Circuit ANalyzer) was introduced in 1991. The program is a general purpose superconductor circuit simulator with an emphasis on the design of Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) circuits. In the intervening years a number of new features were gradually added to the program. In particular, verification of the correct circuit behavior was enhanced using a special hierarchical Single-Flux-Quantum Hardware Description Language (SFQHDL). Next, a fast heuristic algorithm for margin optimization was introduced, which increased the number of parameters that can be simultaneously optimized in reasonable CPU times. Finally, recently we improved the numerical algorithm used for the simulation by using sparse symmetric positive definite matrices (instead of general structure band matrices as before). As a result, simulation speed has increased almost tenfold. Now it takes about 30 seconds of a CPU time on HP716/100 workstation to run a 2000 ps simulation of a 120-Josephson-junction circuit, and about a week to optimize all parameters of a two hundred Josephson junction circuit. We have merged all these improvements in a new version of our simulator, PSCAN'96.
Production Cost and Carbon Footprint of Biomass-Derived Dimethylcyclooctane as a High-Performance Jet Fuel Blendstock (2021)

Near-term decarbonization of aviation requires energy-dense, renewable liquid fuels. Biomass-derived 1,4-dimethylcyclooctane (DMCO), a cyclic alkane with a volumetric net heat of combustion up to 9.2% higher than Jet A, has the potential to serve as a low-carbon, high-performance jet fuel blendstock that may enable paraffinic bio-jet fuels to operate without aromatic compounds. DMCO can be produced from bio-derived isoprenol (3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol) through a multistep upgrading process. This study presents detailed process configurations for DMCO production to estimate the minimum selling price and life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint considering three different hydrogenation catalysts and two bioconversion pathways. The platinum-based catalyst offers the lowest production cost and GHG footprint of $\$9.0$/L-Jet-A<sub>eq</sub> and 61.4 gCO<sub>2e</sub>/MJ, given the current state of technology. However, when the supply chain and process are optimized, hydrogenation with a Raney nickel catalyst is preferable, resulting in a $\$1.5$/L-Jet-A<sub>eq</sub> cost and 18.3 gCO<sub>2e</sub>/MJ GHG footprint if biomass sorghum is the feedstock. This price point requires dramatic improvements, including 28 metric-ton/ha sorghum yield and 95–98% of the theoretical maximum conversion of biomass-to-sugars, sugars-to-isoprenol, isoprenol-to-isoprene, and isoprene-to-DMCO. Because increased gravimetric energy density of jet fuels translates to reduced aircraft weight, DMCO also has the potential to improve aircraft efficiency, particularly on long-haul flights.
EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE EVALUATION OF AN 8-STORY STEEL-REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING USING Sa-Sd CURVES (2014)

A seismic performance curve shows the relationship between the representative displacement (Sd) and the equivalent base shear force coefficient (Sa) of a structure. The seismic capacity of a building can be assessed in a straightforward manner using a simple Sa-Sd performance skeleton curve. In this study, earthquake response records were used to obtain Sa-Sdcurves for a steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) building and assess the changes in the seismic performance of the building that occur during an earthquake. This paper compares the seismic performance curves of an 8-story SRC building for 27 strong earthquakes that occurred in Japan between 1998 and 2012. The results demonstrate the practicability of using Sa-Sd curves to evaluate the damage to real buildings using data collected during strong earthquakes.
IP2User -- Identifying the Username of an IP Address in Network-Related Events (2013)

Network devices deployed in organizations (Firewall, IDS, routers, antivirus, servers, etc.) logs users' activity as events. Based on these events users' behavioral profiles can be derived in order to detect anomalies, indicating potential attacks. The identifier of a user in most cases is the user's organizational username. While events are always logged with the source IP address they are not always logged with the relevant username and therefore, many of the collected events are not directly linked with the appropriate user. In this paper we describe a method for associating an IP address with an actual username based on a set of logged events. This is crucial precondition for generating an accurate user's profile. The proposed method was evaluated using real large datasets (logs) and showed 88% accuracy in the identification of usernames.
Diffusion and Gate Replacement: A New Gate-First High-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/Metal Gate CMOS Integration Scheme Suppressing Gate Height Asymmetry (2015)

In this paper, a new scheme called diffusion and gate replacement (D&GR) metal-inserted polysilicon integration is demonstrated. The CMOS flow allows controlling the gate height asymmetry between the nMOS and the pMOS by driving the work function shifter directly into the high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and then by removing the dopant source (dummy doped metal gate) and depositing a fresh TiN metal gate. Although the integration flow is compatible with a standard 45-/28-nm technological node, it has been specifically designed to be compatible with dynamic random access memory peripheral applications or other emerging memories (embedded applications). A material down-selection is done (TiN/Mg/TiN gate-stack for nMOS and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> capping layer for pMOS), and it is demonstrated that a process window exists and guarantees enough work function lowering without compromising the electrical parameters (electrical oxide thickness, mobility, subthreshold slope, and gate leakage). Regarding the CMOS integration, it is shown that an nMOS-first integration is preferable, and that there is no contamination issue of the pMOS work function shifter (in this case, Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) on the nMOS side. Finally, CMOS device performance is on par with the non-D&GR baseline, validating the integration flow.
Parts per Million Mass Accuracy on an Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer via Lock Mass Injection into a C-trap (2005)

Mass accuracy is a key parameter of mass spectrometric performance. TOF instruments can reach low parts per million, and FT-ICR instruments are capable of even greater accuracy provided ion numbers are well controlled. Here we demonstrate sub-ppm mass accuracy on a linear ion trap coupled via a radio frequency-only storage trap (C-trap) to the orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap). Prior to acquisition of a spectrum, a background ion originating from ambient air is first transferred to the C-trap. Ions forming the MS or MS(n) spectrum are then added to this species, and all ions are injected into the orbitrap for analysis. Real time recalibration on the "lock mass" by corrections of mass shift removes mass error associated with calibration of the mass scale. The remaining mass error is mainly due to imperfect peaks caused by weak signals and is addressed by averaging the mass measurement over the LC peak, weighted by signal intensity. For peptide database searches in proteomics, we introduce a variable mass tolerance and achieve average absolute mass deviations of 0.48 ppm (standard deviation 0.38 ppm) and maximal deviations of less than 2 ppm. For tandem mass spectra we demonstrate similarly high mass accuracy and discuss its impact on database searching. High and routine mass accuracy in a compact instrument will dramatically improve certainty of peptide and small molecule identification.
10.1016/s1695-3290(08)35026-5 (2000)

Este articulo expone los abordajes laparoscopicos para la nefrectomia radical y parcial en el tratamiento del carcinoma de celulas renales y los abordajes laparoscopicos y endoscopicos para el tratamiento del carcinoma urotelial del tracto urinario superior. Se presenta tambien en detalle el tratamiento del carcinoma de celulas transicionales.
50-Gene Risk Profiles in Peripheral Blood Predict COVID-19 Severity (2021)

Rationale: In this study we aimed to determine whether a gene signature predictive of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis mortality could be repurposed to predict COVID-19 severity. Methods: We analyzed expression level of 50 genes of the 52-gene signature in publically available datasets from COVID-19-Discovery (N=11), COVID-19-Validation (N=100), IPF-University of Chicago (N=45), and IPF-Imperial College London (N=55) cohorts. A COVID-19-Single cell cohort (N=7 subjects, N=145 single cells) was used to identify the cellular sources of the signature. The Scoring Algorithm of Molecular Subphenotypes (SAMS) was used to calculate Up and Down scores. Results: Up and Down Scores derived from the COVID-19-Discovery cohort were used to identify 50-gene risk profiles in the COVID-19-Validation cohort. A High-risk profile significantly predicted ICU admission (AUC: 0.78, 95%CI:0.68-0.85,P<0.0001) and mechanical ventilation (0.77, 95%CI:0.675-0.84,P<0.0001). High-risk subjects were significantly older, had higher Apache II, SOFA, Charlson Disease Severity Index, CRP, and d-dimer levels. They also had shorter ventilator-free and hospital-free days. Same COVID-19, Up and Down score cutoffs were predictive of transplant-free survival and mortality in IPF-University of Chicago (HR:4.16, 95%CI 1.3-13.28,P=0.0012) and IPF-Imperial College London (HR:4.0,95%CI 1.61-9.92,P=0.001) cohort. 50-gene expression analysis in single cells demonstrated higher proportion of CD14+ and CD16+ monocytes, red blood cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in high-risk subjects. Higher proportions of CD4 and CD8 T cells, natural killer, B cells, and immunoglobulin-producing plasmablasts were seen in low-risk subjects. Conclusion: 50-gene risk profiles predict ICU admission and need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19. Single-cell analysis revealed potentially related immune responses associated with COVID-19 and IPF severity.
The Urban Homeless: Super-users of the Emergency Department (2014)

In the United States, patient usage of costly emergency departments (EDs) has been portrayed as a major factor contributing to health care expenditures. The homeless are associated with ED frequent users, a population often blamed for inappropriate ED use. This study examined the characteristics and costs associated with homeless ED frequent users. A retrospective cross-sectional review of hospital records for ED visits in 2006 at an urban academic medical center was performed. Frequent users were defined as having greater than 4 ED visits in one year. Homeless status was determined by self-report and review by an interdisciplinary team. A total of 5440 (8.9%) ED visits were made by 542 frequent users, 74 (13.7%) of whom were homeless and made 845 ED visits. Homeless frequent users had a median age of 47 years (39-56 interquartile range), were predominantly male (85.1%), and insured by Medicaid (59.5%). Most (44.2%) visits by homeless frequent users occurred between 1500-2259 hours and had an Emergency Severity Index of Level 3 (55.5%). Sixty-four percent of visits resulted in homeless patients being discharged back to the street; only 4.0% had a specific discharge plan addressing homelessness. Total charges and payments for all homeless frequent users were $4,812,615 and $802,600, respectively. The single top frequent user accrued charges of $482,928. ED frequent users are disproportionately homeless and their costs are significant. ED discharge planning should address the additional risks faced by homeless individuals. ED-based interventions that specifically target the most expensive homeless frequent users may prove to be cost-effective.
Developmenst of a large area VUV sensitive gas PMT with GEM/μPIC (2009)

A new large area UV photon detector with micro pattern gaseous detectors is developed and evaluated. A semitransparent CsI photocathode deposited on a MgF2 window was combined with 10cm × 10cm GEM and μPIC. Using Ar+C2H6 (10%) gas, we achieved the gas gain of more than 105 which is enough to detect single photoelectron. We, then, irradiated vacuum UV photons (VUV, around 172nm) from the newly developed LaF3(Nd) scintillator to the detector and the single photoelectrons were successfully detected. We also demonstrated the imaging capability of the detector with μPIC readout systems.
Supplementary Methods and Figure Legend from Phase I Clinical Trial of Mixed Bacterial Vaccine (Coley's Toxins) in Patients with NY-ESO-1 Expressing Cancers: Immunological Effects and Clinical Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 62K.&lt;/p&gt;
CL1-GFP: AN ANDROGEN INDEPENDENT METASTATIC TUMOR MODEL FOR PROSTATE CANCER (2000)

CL1-GFP represents an aggressive androgen-independent CaP tumor model derived through androgen deprivation whose pathologic development and molecular properties in animals resembles the clinical characteristics of hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). Metastatic sites of CL1-GFP can be visualized with fluorescence microscopy offering a unique therapeutic model for the evaluation of drug sensitivity and other therapeutic modalities.
Reliability enhancement of Ohmic RF MEMS switches (2011)

Art. 79280C
Self‐Powered Wireless Sensor Node Enabled by an Aerosol‐Deposited PZT Flexible Energy Harvester (2016)

A flexible piezoelectric energy harvester was demonstrated by an aerosol-deposited PZT film to realize a self-powered wireless sensor node system. The flexible harvesting device can generate a voltage of 200 V and a current of 35 μA. A self-powered wireless sensor node was constructed by integrating the PZT harvester, a rectifying/storage circuit, and a wireless temperature-sensor node to measure ambient temperature and wirelessly transmit the data to a monitor. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Wrapped into sound: Development of the Immersive Music Experience Inventory (IMEI) (2022)

Although virtual reality, video entertainment, and computer games are dependent on the three-dimensional reproduction of sound (including front, rear, and height channels), it remains unclear whether 3D-audio formats actually intensify the emotional listening experience. There is currently no valid inventory for the objective measurement of immersive listening experiences resulting from audio playback formats with increasing degrees of immersion (from mono to stereo, 5.1, and 3D). The development of the Immersive Music Experience Inventory (IMEI) could close this gap. An initial item list (<i>N</i> = 25) was derived from studies in virtual reality and spatial audio, supplemented by researcher-developed items and items extracted from historical descriptions. Psychometric evaluation was conducted by an online study (<i>N</i> = 222 valid cases). The <i>N</i> = 222 Participants (female = 112, mean age = 38.6) were recruited via mailing lists (<i>n</i> = 34) and via a panel provider (<i>n</i> = 188). Based on controlled headphone playback, participants listened to four songs/pieces, each in the three formats of mono, stereo, and binaural 3D audio. The latent construct "immersive listening experience" was determined by probabilistic test theory (item response theory, IRT) and by means of the many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM). As a result, the specified MFRM model showed good model fit (62.69% of explained variance). The final one-dimensional inventory consists of 10 items and will be made available in English and German.
Supplemental Figure 8 from The Genomic Landscape of Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S8&lt;/p&gt;
Cationic Homopolymers Inhibit Spore and Vegetative Cell Growth of Clostridioides difficile (2021)

A wide range of synthetic polymers have been explored for antimicrobial activity. These materials usually contain both cationic and hydrophobic subunits because these two characteristics are prominent among host-defense peptides. Here, we describe a series of nylon-3 polymers containing only cationic subunits and their evaluation against the gastrointestinal, spore-forming pathogen <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>. Despite their highly hydrophilic nature, these homopolymers showed efficacy against both the vegetative and spore forms of the bacterium, including an impact on <i>C. difficile</i> spore germination. The polymer designated P34 demonstrated the greatest efficacy against <i>C. difficile</i> strains, along with low propensities to lyse human red blood cells or intestinal epithelial cells. To gain insight into the mechanism of P34 action, we evaluated several cell-surface mutant strains of <i>C. difficile</i> to determine the impacts on growth, viability, and cell morphology. The results suggest that P34 interacts with the cell wall, resulting in severe cell bending and death in a concentration-dependent manner. The unexpected finding that nylon-3 polymers composed entirely of cationic subunits display significant activities toward <i>C. difficile</i> should expand the range of other polymers considered for antibacterial applications.