gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The MAXIMA and MAXIPOL experiments (2002)

MAXIMA is a balloon-based bolometric experiment to measure the temperature anisotropy of the CMB over spatial frequency range 36⩽l⩽1235. The MAXIMA-1 flight produced a 124 square degree temperature anisotropy map with a beam diameter of 10 arcmin. These data have been used to produce a power spectrum which is in excellent agreement with data from BOOMERANG and DASI, but covers a wider range of angular scales. The MAXIMA power spectrum is consistent with the prediction of Λ CDM models and has been used to constrain cosmological models. The MAXIMA experiment is described and an outline is given of the contents and significance of papers written by the MAXIMA team. MAXIMA is being modified to measure the polarization anisotropy of the CMB. A brief description of this MAXIPOL experiment is also given.
Synthesis of 20-N-methylpurpuramine E, an antitubercural metabolite from pseudoceratina sponge; paper no. b021 (2010)

Calcium therapy brought back intracellular and extracellular free calcium contents to normal in phosphorus burn group. Also platelet aggregation rate approached normal level after calcium therapy. The results suggest that the bleeding tendency after phosphorus burn is due to combination of phosphorus with intracellular and extracellular calcium of platelets, thus inhibiting aggregation of platelets.
A 30-GHz CMOS SOI Outphasing Power Amplifier With Current Mode Combining for High Backoff Efficiency and Constant Envelope Operation (2019)

High peak and average efficiency is an important feature of power amplifiers (PAs) for 5G millimeter-wave communication. This article reviews the challenges of conventional outphasing approaches in CMOS technologies and demonstrates a low-loss outphasing combiner for low loadline impedance. Undesirable characteristics of CMOS devices for outphasing are compensated with neutralization, unilaterization, and stabilization networks for the outphasing PA (OPA). The OPA is realized in 45-nm CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) and demonstrates 40% 6-dB backoff drain efficiency (DE) while providing 17-dBm peak output power with a peak 50.5% DE. For 64-QAM, a 31.3% average DE and 10.1-dBm average output power are measured. The OPA demonstrates less than 1.5% error vector magnitude (EVM) with 64-QAM waveform using a phase-based lookup table (LUT). With 16-QAM, the bit rate reaches 20 Gb/s with 12% EVM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest bit rate for a high-efficiency PA. The adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) is under -25 dBc.
Remarkable decrease in stiffness of aspirin crystals upon reducing crystal size to nanoscale dimensions via sonochemistry (2018)

Nano-dimensional crystals of aspirin generated through sonochemistry exhibit Young's modulus values an order of magnitude softer than macro-dimensional crystals.
Use of Phage Display and Polyvalency to Design Inhibitors of Protein–Protein Interactions (2004)

We describe the synthesis of an inhibitor that interferes with critical protein-protein interactions occurring during the assembly of anthrax toxin. Using a phage display selection strategy, we isolated a peptide directed against the cell binding moiety of the toxin that was able to interfere with binding of the enzymatic moieties. Because the cell binding moiety of the toxin is a heptamer, the peptide can potentially bind up to seven equivalent sites. We synthesized a polyvalent molecule displaying multiple copies of this peptide and showed that it is a much more potent inhibitor than the free peptide. Because little structural knowledge of the interacting proteins was required to synthesize this inhibitor, we believe that this approach may prove useful in the design of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions in other systems.
[A Case of Giant Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm That Was Difficult to Preoperative Diagnosis]. (2022)

A 43-year-old woman with about abdominal distension was referred to our hospital for a more detailed examination. Abdominal CT showed 27 cm-sized cystic lesion with the calcification along the partition wall and a nodular hyperplasia. We suspected pancreatic pseudocyst, primary retroperitoneal tumor and we performed tumorectomy. The resected specimen had a maximum diameter of 27 cm. The histopathological diagnosis was mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas with ovarian-type stroma. The adjuvant chemotherapy treated with gemcitabine was selected for 3 courses. She continues to do well without any recurrences 7 months later.
Improving surface bipolar activity in thin gate oxide DE-NMOS — A critical HV I/O protection element for nano-meter scale technologies (2010)

Drain Extended (DE-NMOS) ESD protection devices exhibit low ESD performance due to poor bipolar action. The purpose of this work is to investigate the role of surface bipolar phenomenon in 90nm DE-NMOS, which triggers failure due to bipolar turn-on, and next study the impact of adding source/drain resistors on their ESD robustness.
Interventions for branch retinal vein occlusion: an evidence-based systematic review. (2007)

There is limited level I evidence for any interventions for BRVO. The BVOS showed that macular grid laser photocoagulation is an effective treatment for macular edema and improves vision in eyes with VA of 20/40 to 20/200, and that scatter laser photocoagulation can effectively treat neovascularization. The effectiveness of many new treatments is unsupported by current evidence.
The ‘social and intellectual well-being of our members’ (2015)

Abstract This chapter focuses on the institutional church, the culmination of the efforts by the churches to provide alternative attractions to secular entertainment. The term ‘institutional church’ seems to derive from an experiment launched by Thomas K. Beecher, pastor of the Park Congregational church in Elmira, New York state, who, in 1872, persuaded his church to erect a purpose-built structure which included a gymnasium, lecture rooms, library, and public baths. In England, the first institutional church was probably that founded by John Clifford, in 1878, two years after his church moved to Westbourne Park, in Bayswater. The Westbourne Park Institute offered a library and a reading room, a literary society, a public speaking and debating society, a chess club, a choral association, and classes in French, shorthand, geology, and building construction. By 1887, the institute was running nearly thirty evening classes, including chemistry and singing, English grammar and shorthand, practical agriculture and Italian. Scores of other churches followed the example of Westbourne Park.
LUPMAC: A cross-layer MAC technique to improve the age of information over dense WLANs (2016)

Age of Information (AoI) is a relatively new metric introduced to capture the freshness of a particular piece of information. While throughput and delay measurements are widely studied in the context of dense IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs (WLANs), little is known in the literature about the AoI in this context. In this work we study the effects on the average AoI and its variance when a sensor node is immersed in a dense IEEE 802.11 WLAN. We also introduce a new cross layer MAC technique, called Latest UPdate MAC (LUPMAC), aimed at modifying the existing IEEE 802.11 in order to minimize the average AoI at the receiver end. This technique lets the MAC layer keep only the most up to date packets of a particular piece of information in the buffer. We show, through simulation, that this technique achieves significant advantages in the case of a congested dense IEEE 802.11 WLAN, and it is resilient to changes in the variance of the total network delay.
Reference Signal Design for Remote Interference Management in 5G New Radio (2019)

In time division duplexing based mobile networks, under certain atmospheric ducting conditions, the uplink reception may be interfered by the downlink transmissions of remote base-stations (BSs) located hundreds of kilometers away. This paper addresses such remote interference problem in 5G new radio (NR) macro deployment context. Specifically, two potential reference signal (RS) designs for remote interference management (RIM) are described, together with receiver detection processing framework, to efficiently detect the interference due to multiple remote aggressor base-stations.The first signal structure, denoted as the one OFDM symbol (1OS) based RIM-RS, is building on the channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) of 5G NR. The second candidate is referred to as the two OFDM symbol (2OS) based RIM-RS design, and builds on the design principles of LTE RIM-RS. The considered RIM-RS solutions are extensively analyzed and compared, with different parameterizations, in several realistic interference scenarios. The obtained results show that the 2OS RS design provides better RIM performance in scenarios where the number of interfering BSs is small. However, when the number of interfering BSs increases, the 1OS RS design starts to outperform the 2OS based approach. Additionally, it is shown that the 1OS RIM-RS provides smaller overhead and can be frequency multiplexed with the physical downlink shared channel.
Transmission-line modeling of shielding effectiveness of multiple shielded cables with arbitrary terminations (2016)

Cable shielding to protect against coupling of electromagnetic radiation into a component or circuit, particularly over large frequency bands, is at times a challenging task. It is general understanding that increasing the number of shields of a cable will improve the shielding performance. However, there are situations in which a cable with multiple shields may perform similar to or in some cases worse than a cable with a single shield, and this analysis has seldom been discussed in the literature. We intend to shed more light onto this topic in this paper.
Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation in melanoma (2011)

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent a cellular reservoir of potentially pathogenic retroviral genes. A growing body of evidence indicates that the activation of endogenous retroviral sequences might be involved in the transformation of melanocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the expression of human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) in melanoma cells and non-melanoma cells in vitro. Solely in melanoma cell lines, irradiation with UVB (200 mJ/cm(2)) resulted in a significant transcriptional activation of the retroviral pol gene as well as in an enhanced expression of the retroviral envelope protein (env). In addition, UVB treatment induced the production of retroviral particles in the supernatants of melanoma cell lines. These data indicate that HERV-K expression can be activated by UVB irradiation and suggest an involvement of HERV-K in UVR-related melanoma pathogenesis.
Budesonide Foam Induces Remission in Patients With Mild to Moderate Ulcerative Proctitis and Ulcerative Proctosigmoiditis (2015)

Budesonide rectal foam was well tolerated and more efficacious than placebo in inducing remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative proctitis and ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01008410 and NCT01008423.
Compact 2.1/3.6 GHz Planar Bandpass Filter (2007)

This paper proposes a compact planar dual-band bandpass Alter (DBPF). The proposed DBPF employs a resonator comprising a combination of spiral and stepped-impedance structures in order to reduce the size of the DBPF. The feature of this filter is that these structures are placed close together to achieve a compact configuration. A 2.1/3.6 GHz superconducting planar bandpass filter is fabricated to investigate experimentally dual-band operation.
Mapping Strategies for the PERCS Architecture (2012)

The PERCS system was designed by IBM in response to a DARPA challenge that called for a high-productivity high-performance computing system. The IBM PERCS architecture is a two level direct network having low diameter and high bisection bandwidth. Mapping and routing strategies play an important role in the performance of applications on such a topology. In this paper, we study mapping strategies for PERCS architecture, that examine how to map tasks of a given job on to the physical processing nodes. We develop and present fundamental principles for designing good mapping strategies that minimize congestion. This is achieved via a theoretical study of some common communication patterns under both direct and indirect routing mechanisms supported by the architecture.
Recent Applications of Multicomponent Reactions Toward Heterocyclic Drug Discovery (2021)

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) date back to the mid-1800s and are widely used today as they offer increased atom efficiency, high molecular diversity, and often heterocycle formation in just one step. As such, it is incumbent on any synthetic chemist to be well versed in the domain of MCRs as the fields of pharmaceuticals and natural product chemistry are largely dominated by heterocycles. This chapter discusses recent applications of MCRs toward heterocyclic molecules particularly in the areas of drug discovery and natural products, employing well-established reactions (Ugi, Passerini, Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé (GBB), Gewald, Hantzsch, Biginelli, and van Leusen). The modifications of the heterocycles are also examined in regard to their structure–activity relationships and biological implications.
Multi modal viewer for telemedical applications (2002)

An advantageous aspect of telemedicine is that it can create virtual environments for collaboration between patient, physicians, and medical staff. Here, the authors present a multimodal interactive environment for EEG/MEG data presentation based on a virtual reality user interface (VRUI). In addition, to visualization, the VRUI uses sonification. The proposed approach requires only a standard Web browser. The multi modal viewer presents 3D EEG topographic maps using a VRML head model, animated with Java applets. Animation of the 3D models gives an insight into spatio-temporal patterns of activity. The authors have applied sonification to emphasize the temporal dimension of selected visualized scores.
Digitale Schaltungstechniken für Sub-100 nm-CMOS-Technologien (2006)

Auch in Zukunft wird sich der Trend hin zu groseren Integrationsdichten, hoherer Schaltgeschwindigkeit und geringerer Leistungsaufnahme fortsetzen, wenn es gelingt, durch geeignete schaltungstechnische Masnahmen die Schaltgeschwindigkeit zu erhohen und hohere Transistor-Leckstrome in der Gesamtschaltung zu unterdrucken. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Trade-off zwischen Leckstrom und Schaltgeschwindigkeit ubergreifend vom Einzeltransistor, uber elementare Logikgatter und Ringoszillatoren bis hin zu einem 32-bit-Addierer hardwarebasiert untersucht. Es werden dazu die physikalischen Grundlagen von Leckstromen und Schaltgeschwindigkeiten aufgezeigt sowie neue Schaltungstechniken vorgestellt, die Transistoren unterschiedlicher Oxiddicke und Schwellenspannung in einer Schaltung zu kombinieren. Es wurde ein Sense-Amplifier-Flip-Flop entwickelt, das bei kleinerer Verzogerungszeit eine geringere aktive Leistungsaufnahme aufweist. Die vorgestellten Techniken werden in einer 90nm-CMOS-Technologie anhand eines 32-bit-Parallel-Addierers erprobt.
Equivalent Circuit Model of a High Q Tunable PIFA (2011)

This paper presents an Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) for a high Quality factor (Q) tunable Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA). A PIFA is described and simulated with the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The resonance behavior of the proposed ECM is compared to the FDTD results and shows a match. The ECM is also valid when the PIFA is made tunable with an additional capacitor.
Introduction d'un modèle de respiration dans une méthode de recalage à partir de points d'intérêt d'images TEP et TDM du poumon (2008)

National audience
Endogenous Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Metabolic Changes Related to Enhanced Glycolysis and Glutamine Consumption in Precancerous Epithelial Tissues (2014)

Alterations in the balance between different metabolic pathways used to meet cellular bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands are considered hallmarks of cancer. Optical imaging relying on endogenous fluorescence has been used as a noninvasive approach to assess tissue metabolic changes during cancer development. However, quantitative correlations of optical assessments with variations in the concentration of relevant metabolites or in the specific metabolic pathways that are involved have been lacking. In this study, we use high-resolution, depth-resolved imaging, relying entirely on endogenous two-photon excited fluorescence in combination with invasive biochemical assays and mass spectrometry to demonstrate the sensitivity and quantitative nature of optical redox ratio tissue assessments. We identify significant differences in the optical redox ratio of live, engineered normal and precancerous squamous epithelial tissues. We establish that while decreases in the optical redox ratio are associated with enhanced levels of glycolysis relative to oxidative phosphorylation, increases in glutamine consumption to support energy production are associated with increased optical redox ratio values. Such mechanistic insights in the origins of optical metabolic assessments are critical for exploiting fully the potential of such noninvasive approaches to monitor and understand important metabolic changes that occur in live tissues at the onset of cancer or in response to treatment.
Safety and Immunogenicity of M2-Deficient, Single Replication, Live Influenza Vaccine (M2SR) in Adults (2021)

M2SR (M2-deficient single replication) is an investigational live intranasal vaccine that protects against multiple influenza A subtypes in influenza-naïve and previously infected ferrets. We conducted a phase 1, first-in-human, randomized, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled study of M2SR safety and immunogenicity. Adult subjects received a single intranasal administration with either placebo or one of three M2SR dose levels (10<sup>6</sup>, 10<sup>7</sup> or 10<sup>8</sup> tissue culture infectious dose (TCID<sub>50</sub>)) expressing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase from A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) (24 subjects per group). Subjects were evaluated for virus replication, local and systemic reactions, adverse events (AE), and immune responses post-vaccination. Infectious virus was not detected in nasal swabs from vaccinated subjects. At least one AE (most commonly mild nasal rhinorrhea/congestion) was reported among 29%, 58%, and 83% of M2SR subjects administered a low, medium or high dose, respectively, and among 46% of placebo subjects. No subject had fever or a severe reaction to the vaccine. Influenza-specific serum and mucosal antibody responses and B- and T-cell responses were significantly more frequent among vaccinated subjects vs. placebo recipients. The M2SR vaccine was safe and well tolerated and generated dose-dependent durable serum antibody responses against diverse H3N2 influenza strains. M2SR demonstrated a multi-faceted immune response in seronegative and seropositive subjects.
Statistical distribution and stress ratio dependence of fatigue life for injection molded short carbon fiber reinforced nylon composite (2017)

The statistical distribution of fatigue life for a short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide-6 composite and the effect of stress ratio on it are examined. A procedure for predicting S-N relationships for different constant values of probability of failure P, i.e. P-S-N curves, is proposed. Constant amplitude fatigue tests are first performed to obtain statistical samples of fatigue life at different stress levels and stress ratios (R = 0.1, 10 and R = χ = σUTS/σUCS), respectively. Static tensile and compressive strength data are also collected. To quantify the scatter of fatigue life, Weibull and lognormal distributions are fitted to the fatigue data obtained. The plot of fatigue data on a probability paper and the goodness-of-fit tests using the modified Kolmogorov–Smirnov suggest that both Weibull and lognormal distributions are acceptable as the distributions for the static strength data as well as the fatigue life data. The P-S-N curves at different stress ratios for different probabilities of failure (10%, 50% and 90%) are predicted for the two cases using the experimental data and using the anisomorphic CFL diagrams for different constant values of probability of failure, respectively, and they are compared to each other to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed theory.
Endocrinopathy Associated with Pineal Tumor (1968)

The diagnosis of tumor of the pineal seems eminently likely when the following clinical picture is present: the patient is a male in his late teens or early twenties who gives clinical and laboratory evidence of combined anterior and posterior pituitary insufficiency; his skull X ray shows calcification in the pineal region, and air study identifies a mass lesion deforming the third ventricular shadow, with or without evidence of internal hydrocephalus. On the basis of the case histories of 5 patients studied by the authors as well as 11 case histories abstracted from the literature, we have concluded that this clinical picture, which often develops before the onset of central nervous system or ophthalmologic symptoms or signs, may occur more commonly than has previously been recognized. The recognition of tumor of the pineal at an early stage, when only the endocrine, and not its other, more ominous manifestations are present, would seem to carry important implications for prognosis and therapy.
Cerebral volume changes in multiple sclerosis patients treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (2002)

Objective : Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients develop varying degrees of cerebral atrophy, which may already begin at disease onset. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of steroid treatment on cerebral volume in MS patients. Methods : Thirty-five MS patients participating in a clinical trial of oral interferon beta, which included monthly MRI, were included in this study. They suffered from an acute relapse and were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone (IV-MP); 13 of the patients were treated with oral prednisolone tapering after IV-MP. The last MRI scan before and the first (and second for oral tapering patients) scan after IV-MP treatment were used for measuring parenchymal fraction (PF) and ventricular fraction (VF). Changes in PF and VF were analysed using Student’s t test. Results : For the total population no significant changes in PF or VF were found. However, the subgroup of patients receiving oral tapering after IV-MP showed changes, compatible with atrophy in both PF and VF, that were significant immediately after IV-MP treatment and still persisted (though not statistically significant anymore) after a mean interval of 30 days. The magnitude of these changes was about the same as the annual change in cerebral volume as reported in natural history studies. Conclusion : Our data indicate that short courses of intravenous steroids (restricted to three or five days) have no major impact, whereas prolonged treatment with oral tapering does significantly affect brain volume. These findings are important for longitudinal studies and clinical trials in which brain volume is used as an outcome measure.