gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence Noise Injected Training for End-to-end Speech Recognition (2019)

We present a simple noise injection algorithm for training end-to-end ASR models which consists in adding to the spectra of training utterances the scaled spectra of random utterances of comparable length. We conjecture that the sequence information of the "noise" utterances is important and verify this via a contrast experiment where the frames of the utterances to be added are randomly shuffled. Experiments for both CTC and attention-based models show that the pro-posed scheme results in up to 9% relative word error rate improvements (depending on the model and test set) on the Switchboard 300 hours English conversational telephony database. Additionally, we set a new benchmark for attention-based encoder-decoder models on this corpus.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Signal Processing for Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications (2016)

The eleven papers in this special section focus signal processing for millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communications. These mmWave frequencies are defining a new era of wireless communication. The mmWave band relieves spectral gridlock at lower frequencies by offering much higher bandwidth communication channels than presently used in commercial wireless systems. The next generation of wireless local area networks is exploiting the mmWave unlicensed band at 60 GHz to provide multigigabit-per-second data rates. There is also growing interest in using mmWave licensed spectrum for 5G cellular systems. MmWave communication could also provide important benefits in other application scenarios like wearable networks, vehicular communications, or autonomous robots. The potential for mmWave is immense. Signal processing is critical for enabling the next generation of mmWave communication. Because of the wide bandwidth, overall complexity and mixed signal power consumption are significant concerns. The papers in this section bring together contributions from researchers and practitioners in the area of signal processing for wireless communications with an emphasis on communication at millimeter wave frequencies. I
Temporal genomewide expression profiling of DSS colitis reveals novel inflammatory and angiogenesis genes similar to ulcerative colitis (2010)

Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis is widely used to study pathological mechanisms and potential treatments of inflammatory bowel disease. Because temporal changes in genome expression profiles remain unknown in this model, we performed whole genome expression profile analysis during the development of DSS colitis in comparison with ulcerative colitis (UC) specimens to identify novel and common responses during disease. Colon tissue from DSS-treated mice was collected at days 0, 2, 4, and 6. Half of each specimen was used for histopathological analysis and half for Affymetrix whole genome expression profiling and qRT-PCR validation. Genesifter and Ingenuity software analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes and perform interactive network analysis. Identified DSS-associated genes in mice were also compared with UC patient data. We identified 1,609 genes that were significantly altered during DSS colitis; the majority were functionally related to inflammation, angiogenesis, metabolism, biological adhesion, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell-to-cell signaling responses. Five hundred and one genes were progressively upregulated, while one hundred seventy-three genes were progressively downregulated. Changes in gene expression were validated in a subset of 33 genes by qRT-PCR, with r(2) = 0.925. Ingenuity gene interaction network analysis revealed novel relationships among antigen presentation, cell morphology, and other biological functions in the DSS mouse. Finally, DSS colitis gene array data were compared with UC patient array data: 152 genes were similarly upregulated, and 22 genes were downregulated. Temporal genomewide expression profile analysis of DSS-induced colitis revealed novel associations with various immune responses and tissue remodeling events such as angiogenesis similar to those in UC patients. This study provides a comprehensive view of DSS colitis changes in colon gene expression and identifies common molecules with clinical specimens that are interesting targets for further investigation.
Desmoplastic fibroma of the spine causing severe mediastinal compression and brachial plexus encasement (2013)

Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a rare bone tumor that accounts for about 0.1%-0.3% of all bone tumors. It is typically characterized as slow growing, but in rare cases it can proliferate extensively and exhibit locally aggressive characteristics. It is found most commonly in the appendicular skeleton and rarely in the axial skeleton. The authors present the cases of 2 women in their 20s with DF originating from the cervicothoracic spine. Both tumors intimately involved the brachial plexus and caused significant impingement of the mediastinum resulting in cardiopulmonary compromise. Both patients underwent hemiclamshell thoracotomies for tumor resection, and in both cases subtotal resection was performed given the encasement of the brachial plexus. Although DF is a benign process, it can be locally aggressive and proliferate at extensive rates. The authors describe these 2 cases, review the literature, and discuss management.
The 1H N.M.R. Spectra of Metallothioneins (1979)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r) spectroscopy is one of the few techniques with the inherent ability to sense each and every part of a protein molecule since magnetic nuclei (1H, 13C, 14N and 15N) are obligatory constituents thereof. The resonance of a given nucleus in a protein is sensitive to both short- and long range effects and consequently can yield information on the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the protein, particularly the first and last of these. In this paper we consider the results derived from the investigation of the 1H n.m.r. spectra (1,2) of metallothioneins isolated from equine liver and equine kidney (3,4) and sheep liver (5).
Stable controller design for time-delay systems (2008)

This paper investigates stable suboptimal controllers for a class of single-input single-output time-delay systems. For a given plant and weighting functions, the optimal controller minimizing the mixed sensitivity (and the central suboptimal controller) may be unstable with finitely or infinitely many poles in ℂ+. For each of these cases, search algorithms are proposed to find stable suboptimal controllers. These design methods are illustrated with examples.
Study of the Characteristics of Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles With Parallel-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Cells (2014)

This paper studies the characteristics of battery packs with parallel-connected lithium-ion battery (LiB) cells. To investigate the influence of the cell inconsistency problem in parallel-connected cells, a group of different degraded LiB cells were selected to build various battery packs and test them using a battery test bench. The physical model was developed to simulate the operation of the parallel-connected packs. The experimental results and simulation indicate that, with different degraded cells in parallel, there could be capacity loss and large difference in discharge current, which may cause further accelerated degradation and a more serious inconsistency problem.
Towards Eumelanin@Zeolite Hybrids: Pore‐Size‐Controlled 5,6‐Dihydroxyindole Polymerization (2014)

5,6-Dihydroxyindole (1) and its N-methyl derivative (2), key eumelanin building blocks, were inserted into zeolite L by sublimation at 175 °C for 5 days. At a 10 mg/300 mg indole/zeolite ratio, the resulting hybrids displayed a stable deep red coloration. CP/MAS (13)C NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy of the red species suggested the generation and accommodation of quinonoid biindole derivative(s) within the void space of the acidic zeolite channels. Removal of the zeolite matrix by treatment with HF gave a stable species that could be separated by HPLC and characterized by mass spectrometry as an oxygenated biindole derivative (or a mixture of isomers), suggesting addition of water to the original dimer and subsequent re-oxidation. The characterization was corroborated by optimized molecular geometries and simulated UV spectra with density functional calculations. Loading 1 or 2 into the larger pores of SBA-15 type mesoporous silica resulted in black eumelanin-type polymers, confirming channel size dependence over the polymerization process.
Inflammatory and regenerative processes in bioresorbable synthetic pulmonary valves up to two years in sheep–Spatiotemporal insights augmented by Raman microspectroscopy (2021)

In situ heart valve tissue engineering is an emerging approach in which resorbable, off-the-shelf available scaffolds are used to induce endogenous heart valve restoration. Such scaffolds are designed to recruit endogenous cells in vivo, which subsequently resorb polymer and produce and remodel new valvular tissue in situ. Recently, preclinical studies using electrospun supramolecular elastomeric valvular grafts have shown that this approach enables in situ regeneration of pulmonary valves with long-term functionality in vivo. However, the evolution and mechanisms of inflammation, polymer absorption and tissue regeneration are largely unknown, and adverse valve remodeling and intra- and inter-valvular variability have been reported. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to gain a mechanistic understanding of the in vivo regenerative processes by combining routine histology and immunohistochemistry, using a comprehensive sheep-specific antibody panel, with Raman microspectroscopy for the spatiotemporal analysis of in situ tissue-engineered pulmonary valves with follow-up to 24 months from a previous preclinical study in sheep. The analyses revealed a strong spatial heterogeneity in the influx of inflammatory cells, graft resorption, and foreign body giant cells. Collagen maturation occurred predominantly between 6 and 12 months after implantation, which was accompanied by a progressive switch to a more quiescent phenotype of infiltrating cells with properties of valvular interstitial cells. Variability among specimens in the extent of tissue remodeling was observed for follow-up times after 6 months. Taken together, these findings advance the understanding of key events and mechanisms in material-driven in situ heart valve tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes for the first time the long-term in vivo inflammatory and regenerative processes that underly in situ heart valve tissue engineering using resorbable synthetic scaffolds. Using a unique combinatorial analysis of immunohistochemistry and Raman microspectroscopy, important spatiotemporal variability in graft resorption and tissue formation was pinpointed in in situ tissue-engineered heart valves, with a follow-up time of up to 24 months in sheep. This variability was correlated to heterogenous regional cellular repopulation, most likely instigated by region-specific differences in surrounding tissue and hemodynamics. The findings of this research contribute to the mechanistic understanding of in situ tissue engineering using resorbable synthetics, which is necessary to enable rational design of improved grafts, and ensure safe and robust clinical translation.
Evaluation of a cancer pain model for the testing of long‐acting analgesics. The effect of ms contin in a double‐blind, randomized crossover design (1989)

A double-blind, double-dummy, crossover study compared oral controlled-release morphine sulfate (MS Contin tablets [MSC], Purdue Frederick, Norwalk, CT) every 12 hours, and immediate-release morphine sulfate (IRMS) tablets, every 4 hours, in 14 evaluable patients with chronic cancer pain. The test model described showed assay sensitivity for steady-state analgesia, requiring relatively few subjects to yield statistical significance in pharmacologic potency estimates. Initial doses were the calculated equivalents of about one third the previous opioid requirements or at least 30 mg MSC every 12 hours or 15 mg IRMS every 4 hours. This was generally subtherapeutic; hence, additional IRMS was available for break-through pain. Doses of MSC and IRMS were titrated upwards until the requirement for rescue IRMS was less than 20% of the total daily amount of morphine. In both study phases, the total dose of morphine increased significantly from the first day to the last, on which it was significantly (34%) higher for IRMS than MSC. Pain was significantly less intense and frequent in the last 24 hours of each treatment arm than in the first, and equally well controlled by both regimens. The two treatments were equipotent in a pharmacologic assay using dosages and pain scores. The requirement for rescue analgesia was similarly comparable for both treatments, decreasing significantly with upward dose titration. The few side effects experienced (one with MSC and three with IRMS) did not include serious reactions such as respiratory depression. It is concluded that MSC, 12-hourly, controls cancer pain as effectively and safely as IRMS on a 4-hour schedule. MS Contin exhibits a 12-hour duration of action as previously shown in other well-controlled trials. A problem of pain exacerbation at the start of each study phase was found to be associated with the design of this study. It may be resolved with a higher initial study dose and/or use of a patient-controlled analgesia device for parenteral rescue doses.
Histological validation of carotid plaque characterization by in-vivo T2 mapping in patients with recent cerebrovascular events: preliminary results (2014)

Background Multicontrast CMR is the conventional method for invivo characterization of carotid plaques. However, its non-quantitative nature and the need for extensive postacquisition interpretation limit its clinical application. We have recently proposed using in-vivo quantitative T2 mapping for atherosclerotic plaque characterization [Biasiolli et al. JCMR 2013, 15:69]. T2 maps have the advantage of providing an absolute physical measure of plaque components that can be standardized among different MR systems and widely adopted in multi-centre studies. This pilot study investigates the agreement between T2 mapping and histology using AHA plaque type classification.
Differential diagnosis and treatment of impaired bladder emptying. (2004)

Although much attention is paid to urinary incontinence, the condition of incomplete bladder emptying is becoming more common with the aging of the US population and the widespread use of anticholinergic drugs to treat overactive bladder. This disorder can often be silent until end-stage presentation of overflow incontinence. In this article, we review the pathophysiologic conditions of the bladder and urethra that can cause impaired bladder emptying and discuss how to evaluate and screen the patient with a bladder that does not empty. In addition, we provide an overview of treatment options available for impaired bladder emptying and consider the research that is under way to find the best therapies for the failing bladder.
Janus Colloidal Particles: Preparation, Properties, and Biomedical Applications (2013)

Janus or anisotropic colloidal particles comprising of at least two components of different chemistry, functionality, and/or polarity have attracted attentions in a wide range of applications, e.g., in optics, magnetics, plasmonics, colloidal chemistry, and biomedicine. The interesting features of Janus colloidal particles are attributed to their tunable and controllable asymmetric structure, which allows controlling their physicochemical properties, down to the nanoscale. Moreover, their synergistic potential for multiplexing, multilevel targeting, and combination therapies make them particularly attractive for biomedical applications. However, the synthesis of Janus colloidal particles must be well-adapted to get particles with precise control of their various structural/physical/chemical properties. Nowadays, the advance in new fabrication processes is a strong need for fabricating compact composite particles with spatially separated functionalities, uniform size, tunable composition, and effective response to stimuli. In this review article, we summarized the most recent representative works on Janus colloidal particles including the various fabrication methods, important properties, and their potential applications, particularly in the biomedical field.
ELECTROSPRAYING OF FERRITIN SOLUTIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MONODISPERSE IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES (2007)

Iron oxide nanoparticles with uniform size and narrow size distribution were synthesized by electrospraying of ferritin and subsequent heat treatment at 800°, 850°, and 900°C. Solutions of ferritin in both water and water/iso-propanol mixture (50:50) were electrosprayed in diverse gaseous environments. Narrow mobility size distributions with a mean mobility diameter of 4.5 nm and a geometric standard deviation < 1.2 were obtained at 800°C. The process of aerosol formation involved the thermal oxidation of the ferritin organic shell. The utilization of a water/iso-propanol (50:50) ferritin solution led to the establishment of a more stable electrospray, and, consequently, an increase in the total particle concentration was observed. Furthermore, carbon-coated magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) particles were generated when CO was used as carrier gas.
Technical Note: Modification of the standard gain correction algorithm to compensate for the number of used reference flat frames in detector performance studies (2011)

The authors show that the method presented in the study (a) leads to the maximum DQE value that one would have by using the conventional method and very large number of frames and (b) has been compared to an independent gain correction method based on the subtraction of flat-field images, leading to identical DQE values. They believe this provides robust validation of the proposed method.
Biogenesis of Fe-S Cluster by the Bacterial Suf System (2003)

Biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters (Fe-S) depends on multiprotein systems. Recently, we described the SUF system of Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi as being important for Fe-S biogenesis under stressful conditions. The SUF system is made of six proteins: SufC is an atypical cytoplasmic ABC-ATPase, which forms a complex with SufB and SufD; SufA plays the role of a scaffold protein for assembly of iron-sulfur clusters and delivery to target proteins; SufS is a cysteine desulfurase which mobilizes the sulfur atom from cysteine and provides it to the cluster; SufE has no associated function yet. Here we demonstrate that: (i) SufE and SufS are both cystosolic as all members of the SUF system; (ii) SufE is a homodimeric protein; (iii) SufE forms a complex with SufS as shown by the yeast two-hybrid system and by affinity chromatography; (iv) binding of SufE to SufS is responsible for a 50-fold stimulation of the cysteine desulfurase activity of SufS. This is the first example of a two-component cysteine desulfurase enzyme.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroethylene: Efficient Access to γ2‐Amino Acids. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On-chip chiral-field-enhanced Raman optical activity for biosensing (2022)

We demonstrate on-chip chiral-field-enhanced Raman optical activity (ROA) by tailoring a dark mode excited in a silicon nanodisk array. We show &gt;100x enhanced chiral light-molecule interaction with negligible artifacts for ROA measurement of biological enantiomers.
Experimental research on swept shock Wave/Boundary layer interactions (1987)

Abstract : Experiments were carried out to assess Mach number effects on boundary layer due to generic fin and swept compression corner geometries. An extensive set of fin interaction experiments was carried out at constant Reynolds number over the Mach number range of 2.5 to 4.0. Data thus far consist of surface flow visualization photographs and laser light-screen visualizations of flowfield structure. Additional experiments were conducted to assess the possibility that experimental data of this type might depend on the wind tunnel facility in which the experiments were performed. That was not found to be the case. Results of the parametric Mach number study revealed that Mach number effects over the range considered are essentially inviscid. These were accounted for simply by referencing measured quantities to the freestream Mach angle. The interaction growth with increasing shock strength was found to be nonlinear, contrary to previous results. Initial results from swept compression corner experiments are also reported. Keywords: High speed flows; Viscous inviscid interactions; Supersonic flow; Flow visualization; Fluid dynamics; Flow separation.
Materials and device aspects of some high Tc superconducting films (1981)

Work at NRL on high Tc thin superconducting films will be reviewed. We will show how changing the preparation conditions controls the morphology and superconducting properties of these films, thus films can be tailored for a particular device application. Emphasis will be placed on the properties of Bl structure NbNxC1−x films. Devices that these films are particularly suited for are Josephson detectors, phonon bolometers and x‐ray monochromators. The particular properties of our films that make them suitable for these diverse applications will be presented.
Extended expedited forwarding: the in-time PHB group (2004)

This paper presents a new set of forwarding behaviors that fits rate-adaptive and delay-sensitive applications with limited loss tolerance. We consider an application to have limited loss tolerance if it needs loss-free forwarding of specific packets up to a certain rate. The new set of forwarding behaviors are attractive for developing real-time applications for the Internet. In particular, such applications can be designed to use reserved forwarding capacity efficiently and compete for more bandwidth while being fair to best-effort traffic. To provide the new set of forwarding behaviors, we define a scheduling mechanism that can be implemented efficiently. Through simulations, we show that this mechanism supports the defined forwarding behaviors.
Bandwidth broadening induced by ionic interactions in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (2014)

Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are selectively reflective materials that can exhibit a number of dynamic optical responses. We recently reported on electrically-induced, seven-fold increase in bandwidth in polymer stabilized CLCs (PSCLCs) subjected to DC electric fields. Here, the underlying mechanism of the electrically-controllable bandwidth broadening in PSCLCs is isolated by employing a variety of electro-optic experiments. We conclude that the mechanism is ionic charge trapping by the polymer network which subjects the material system to pitch expansion near the positive electrode and pitch compression near the negative electrode resulting in approximately linear pitch variation throughout the cell thickness.
Identification of a Yarrowia lipolytica acetamidase and its use as a yeast genetic marker (2020)

These findings add to our understanding of Y. lipolytica nitrogen utilization and expand the set of genetic tools available for engineering this organism, as well as S. cerevisiae.