gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THIRTY-DAY MORTALITY FOLLOWING HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR ACUTE FRACTURE (2004)

Hip arthroplasty for the diagnosis of acute fracture is associated with a nearly tenfold higher rate of perioperative mortality compared with elective hip arthroplasty. Medical optimization, appropriate choice of implants, and vigilant intraoperative management of these patients are essential.
Enhanced skin permeation of a novel peptide via structural modification, chemical enhancement, and microneedles (2020)

Abstract Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition with serious psychosocial consequences. Decapeptide-12, a novel peptide, has been found to be safer than hydroquinone in reducing content of melanin, with efficacy up to more than 50% upon 16 weeks of twice daily treatment. However, the peptide suffers from limited transcutaneous penetration due to its hydrophilicity and large molecular weight. Therefore, decapeptide-12 was modified by adding a palmitate chain in an attempt to overcome this limitation. We also tested the effects of chemical penetration enhancers and microneedles to deliver two peptides through skin. Enhanced skin permeation was found using an in vitro human skin permeation model. Moreover, we examined peptide retention of different formulations in skin. Our data showed that palm-peptides in microneedle patch was the most effective.
On demand distributed public key management for wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

A wireless ad hoc network that has no connection to the Internet has difficulty to construct a public key infrastructure (PKI) when the network does not provide online access to trusted authorities. In this paper, we propose an on demand distributed public key management to construct the PKI for wireless ad hoc networks. The proposed system collects effective certificates on demand. Each node holds in its local repository only the certificates issued to it in order to reduce the amount of memory. To collect certificates efficiently, we propose an ad hoc simultaneous nodes search protocol (ASNS) that can search chained nodes using broadcast packets and routing tables. The proposed system can reduce memory size for authentication and does not have to manage a certificate revocation list (CRL). By a computer simulation, we show that the system is advantageous to the network in which density of the node is low.
Fluorophobic (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Privately Evaluating Decision Trees and Random Forests (2016)

Abstract Decision trees and random forests are common classifiers with widespread use. In this paper, we develop two protocols for privately evaluating decision trees and random forests. We operate in the standard two-party setting where the server holds a model (either a tree or a forest), and the client holds an input (a feature vector). At the conclusion of the protocol, the client learns only the model’s output on its input and a few generic parameters concerning the model; the server learns nothing. The first protocol we develop provides security against semi-honest adversaries. We then give an extension of the semi-honest protocol that is robust against malicious adversaries. We implement both protocols and show that both variants are able to process trees with several hundred decision nodes in just a few seconds and a modest amount of bandwidth. Compared to previous semi-honest protocols for private decision tree evaluation, we demonstrate a tenfold improvement in computation and bandwidth.
Vertical GaN PN Diodes for Grid Resiliency and Medium-Voltage Power Electronics. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Polarization-Based Optical Parallel Logic Gates Using Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators (1987)

Optical computing systems offer an increased information processing rate by facilitating parallel computing architectures. Previous experience with electronic computers indicates that desired accuracy can be achieved only with digital computation. Since the simplest digital arithmetic is binary, most recent work on optical computing is focused on the construction of binary optical logic gates. Many practical implementations of such logic gates have been suggested; a recent review is given by Sawchuck and Strand [1]. Most previous schemes operate on light intensity, much in the way that electronic systems operate on voltage or current. Another natural optical scheme represents the two binary states with two orthogonal polarizations of light. The optical element necessary to implement this scheme is a device with two states, one of which passes light of a chosen polarization unchanged, and the other of which converts light of the chosen polarization to its orthogonal complement. Tsvetkov et al. [1] have described a practical implementation of this logic using the now common twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal device, which has two voltage-selected states, one of which rotates the polarization direction of appropriately oriented linearly polarized light by 90° and the other of which has no rotary power. Another implementation would use any of the variable retardation effects such as the Pockels effect. One state of the device would be chosen to have zero retardation, and the other to have half-wave retardation. In addition to either passing unchanged or imparting 90° rotation to linearly polarized light, this scheme could also work by either passing unchanged or reversing the handedness of circularly polarized light. An advantage pointed out by Lohmann [3] that any implementation of polarization-based logic has over logics based on intensity is that no light is lost in the logical operation of inversion. In intensity-based logics, it is difficult to invert an already dark input, since light has to be "recreated"; polarization-based elements, as described above, can convert the light representing either logical state to the other, making easy the realization of any desired Boolean function.
Increased Accumulation of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids by Dynamic Degradation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Mucor circinelloides (2020)

Concerns about global warming, fossil-fuel depletion, food security, and human health have promoted metabolic engineers to develop tools/strategies to overproduce microbial functional oils directly from renewable resources. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs, C8-C12) have been shown to be important sources due to their diverse biotechnological importance, providing benefits ranging from functional lipids to uses in bio-fuel production. However, oleaginous microbes do not carry native pathways for the production of MCFAs, and therefore, diverse approaches have been adapted to compensate for the requirements of industrial demand. <i>Mucor circinelloides</i> is a promising organism for lipid production (15-36% cell dry weight; CDW) and the investigation of mechanisms of lipid accumulation; however, it mostly produces long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). To address this challenge, we genetically modified strain <i>M. circinelloides</i> MU758, first by integrating heterologous acyl-ACP thioesterase (<i>TE</i>) into fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex and subsequently by modifying the β-oxidation pathway by disrupting the acyl-CoA oxidase (<i>ACOX</i>) and/or acyl-CoA thioesterase (<i>ACOT</i>) genes with a preference for medium-chain acyl-CoAs, to elevate the yield of MCFAs. The resultant mutant strains (M-1, M-2, and M-3, respectively) showed a significant increase in lipid production in comparison to the wild-type strain (WT). MCFAs in M-1 (47.45%) was sharply increased compared to the wild type strain (2.25%), and it was further increased in M-2 (60.09%) suggesting a negative role of <i>ACOX</i> in MCFAs production. However, MCFAs in M-3 were much decreased compared to M-1,suggesting a positive role of <i>ACOT</i> in MCFAs production. The M-2 strain showed maximum lipid productivity (~1800 milligram per liter per day or mg/L.d) and MCFAs productivity (~1100 mg/L.d). Taken together, this study elaborates on how the combination of two multidimensional approaches, <i>TE</i> gene over-expression and modification of the β-oxidation pathway via substantial knockout of specific <i>ACOX</i> gene, significantly increased the production of MCFAs. This synergistic approach ultimately offers a novel opportunity for synthetic/industrial biologists to increase the content of MCFAs.
Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) Regulates Melanoma Proliferation and Cell Migration (2014)

Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism of Ca(2) (+) import from extracellular to intracellular space, involving detection of Ca(2+) store depletion in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins, which then translocate to plasma membrane and activate Orai Ca(2+) channels there. We found that STIM1 and Orai1 isoforms were abundantly expressed in human melanoma tissues and multiple melanoma/melanocyte cell lines. We confirmed that these cell lines exhibited SOCE, which was inhibited by knockdown of STIM1 or Orai1, or by a pharmacological SOCE inhibitor. Inhibition of SOCE suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and migration/metastasis. Induction of SOCE was associated with activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and was inhibited by inhibitors of calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) or Raf-1, suggesting that SOCE-mediated cellular functions are controlled via the CaMKII/Raf-1/ERK signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that SOCE contributes to melanoma progression, and therefore may be a new potential target for treatment of melanoma, irrespective of whether or not Braf mutation is present.
Direct Teaching Method to Constrain Movement on Arbitrary Plane using 5-Axes Robot Arm (2016)

In Japan, low birthrate and aging is progressing rapidly. We need to compensate for the labor shortage, because the working population reduces. As a solution to this problem, the introduction of a robot can be considered. The target is 5-axes Scott Russell robot arm in present study. As a teaching method to robot, there is a direct teaching. However, it is difficult to teach manipulator with keeping constant slope by using direct teaching method. Therefore, we propose the direct teaching method to constrain movement on arbitrary plane and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. As a result, the movement of the robot arm can be constrained on arbitrary plane, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown.
3D Printed Electronics (2013)

PARC has been a leading innovator in printed electronics with over a decade of experience in large area electronics, application of novel and current printing technology to industrial applications and the printing of electronic circuits and devices. We are currently applying this knowledge to the concept of printing multi-material 3 dimensional objects with electronic and/or mechanical functionality. The concept is to develop capability and provide means of manufacturing functional objects which may be difficult to manufacture or even not be manufacturable by other means.In this paper, we will outline the creation of a rapid digital manufacturing system and considerations for building such a &#x201C;printer&#x201D; with the ability to integrate a structural material with functional electronic materials. The printer incorporates inkjet and extrusion techniques on the same platform, along with an in-line UV-curing lamp. This platform enables a wide processing window for structural and electronic materials; i.e., it is capable of patterning inks with viscosity ranging from 1 to 25000 cP The printer has been optimized to yield smooth printed features (down to tens of microns) without implementing pressure-leveling steps.
The ‘Super Six’ Stretches for Golfers (1995)

"The ‘Super Six’ Stretches for Golfers." The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 23(4), pp. 87–88 Additional informationNotes on contributorsJames L. ChappuisDr Chappuis is an orthopedic surgeon at Greater Atlanta Sports Medicine and the medical director of the Greater Atlanta Spine Center, both in Atlanta. He is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons.Gregory D. JohnsonMr Johnson is the program director of the Greater Atlanta Spine Center and a former athletic trainer for the Professional Golfers' Association of America tour. He is a fellow of the American Back Society.
Relationship Between Suspicious Coincidence in Natural Images and Oriented Filter Response Distributions (2003)

Visual cortical neurons have receptive fields resembling oriented bandpass filters, and their response distributions on natural images are non-Gaussian, with a sharp peak at zero and heavy tails. Inspired by this, we previously showed that comparing the response distribution to a normal distribution with the same variance gives us a good thresholding criterion for detecting salient levels of edginess in images. However, the question why the comparison to a normal distribution can be so effective was never answered. In this paper, we approach this issue under the general framework of suspicious coincidence proposed by Barlow. It turns out that white-noise images (where all pixels are independent, thus no suspiciousness) give rise to response distributions closely matching that of a normal distribution. Thus, salience defined our way can be understood as a deviation from the unsuspicious baseline. Further, we show that the response threshold directly calculated from the white-noise based distribution closely matches that of humans, providing further support for the analysis. 1
MPLP: Learning a Message Passing Learning Protocol (2020)

We present a novel method for learning the weights of an artificial neural network - a Message Passing Learning Protocol (MPLP). In MPLP, we abstract every operations occurring in ANNs as independent agents. Each agent is responsible for ingesting incoming multidimensional messages from other agents, updating its internal state, and generating multidimensional messages to be passed on to neighbouring agents. We demonstrate the viability of MPLP as opposed to traditional gradient-based approaches on simple feed-forward neural networks, and present a framework capable of generalizing to non-traditional neural network architectures. MPLP is meta learned using end-to-end gradient-based meta-optimisation. We further discuss the observed properties of MPLP and hypothesize its applicability on various fields of deep learning.
Impact of Marginal Exciton–Charge-Transfer State Offset on Charge Generation and Recombination in Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells (2019)

The energetic offset between the initial photoexcited state and charge-transfer (CT) state in organic heterojunction solar cells influences both charge generation and open-circuit voltage (Voc). Here, we use time-resolved spectroscopy and voltage loss measurements to analyze the effect of the exciton–CT state offset on charge transfer, separation, and recombination processes in blends of a low-band-gap polymer (INDT-S) with fullerene derivatives of different electron affinity (PCBM and KL). For the lower exciton–CT state offset blend (INDT-S:PCBM), both photocurrent generation and nonradiative voltage losses are lower. The INDT-S:PCBM blend shows different excited-state dynamics depending on whether the donor or acceptor is photoexcited. Surprisingly, the charge recombination dynamics in INDT-S:PCBM are distinctly faster than those in INDT-S:KL upon excitation of the donor. We reconcile these observations using a kinetic model and by considering hybridization between the lowest excitonic and CT states. The modeling results show that this hybridization can significantly reduce Voc losses while still allowing reasonable charge generation efficiency.
Nature and elimination of yellow-band luminescence and donor–acceptor emission of undoped GaN (1999)

The nature of yellow-band luminescence (YL) and donor–acceptor (DA) emissions of undoped GaN grown on sapphire or laterally overgrown on patterned Si3N4 was investigated using low-temperature photoluminescence and spatially resolved photoluminescence. The states, producing the levels responsible for the YL and DA emissions, arise from complexes of extended defects and native-point defects (most likely Ga vacancies) or impurities (such as carbon). For GaN directly grown on a low-temperature-grown GaN buffer layer, the YL and DA emissions can be eliminated by simply increasing the buffer-layer growth temperature as the result of enlarging hexagonal crystallites, and consequently, reducing the density of extended defects. For laterally overgrown GaN, a much lower density of extended defects substantially suppresses the YL emission.
Modeling and forecasting of manufacturing variations (2002)

Manufacturing process variations cause design performance fluctuations and if not accounted for can cause the design to fail to meet performance and/or correctness criteria. These variations are fundamentally different from the unusual contamination-related defects which cause structural changes in the integrated circuit such as shorts or opens between conductors. Using statistical design analysis and optimization techniques, designers can use information about the statistical distribution of electrical parameters to predict and possibly mitigate the impact of manufacturing variability. Key to such analysis efforts, however, is an understanding of the modeling and characterization of parameter variability. In recent technology generations, the emphasis on reduced time to market often results in the simultaneous design of an integrated circuit and the fabrication process in which it will be built. This codesign situation results in the need for variability forecasting. This tutorial starts with a review of the sources and impacts of parameter variability, stressing the difference between intra-die and inter-die variations. The tutorial then discusses existing methods for statistical parameter characterization, and closes with some trends and forecasts for variability in the coming technology nodes.
A Study on the Expression Technique of Auspicious Patterns in Traditional Chinese Liquor Packaging Design - Focusing on the top five Chinese liquor in the 12th “Hwajun Cup”in 2020 - (2020)

국가의 문화자산이 국제 경쟁력의 힘이 되는 현대 사회에서 중국 전통문화의 연구와 이해는 꼭 필요한 과제이다. 그러한 이유로 본 연구에서는 중국 전통 길상문양에 대한 개념, 특징분류 및 구성 요소에 대 한 연구 분석을 통하여 특히， 길상문양의 상징별 분류에 대한 연구와 중국 5대 명주에 관한 연구를 토대로 전통 길상문양의 활용과 상징성을 분석하였 다. 5대 명주에서 어떤 역할을 하는지 깊이 분석했 다. 첫째, 길상문양을 체계적으로 연구한 뒤 길상 문 양을 더욱 정확히 이해할 수 있었다. 길상 문양은 외관의 특징에 따라 주요 특징 분류와 “부(福), 귀 (貴), 수(壽), 재(財), 희(喜)”의 상징성을 찾아낼 수 있었다. 둘째, 전통 길상문양의 구성 요소는 주로 상징(象徵), 우의(寓意), 해음(諧音), 부호(表號), 문 자(文字)를 요약했다. 셋째, 길상문양의 상징 별 분 류에 전통문양이 길상 적 의미를 표현하는 방법은 주로 6가지 방면에 반영된다. 각각 표현하는 방법을 해석했다. 넷째, 분석을 통하여 중국 5대 명주에 나 타난 상징성을 제시하였다. 중국 전통 길상문양의 상징성을 드러내 주는 방법에서 국가경쟁력을 만들 어 내는 브랜드 자산으로서 명품 전통주는 디자인의 결정이 매우 중요한 것으로 결론이 날 수 있다.
Breakthrough instruments and products: Lattice Lightsheet 7—Non-invasive imaging of the subcellular dynamics of life (2021)

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy has become an established method for fast and sensitive imaging of living specimens with minimum phototoxicity and photobleaching. By adding lattice structures to the light sheet, the ZEISS Lattice Lightsheet 7 makes this technique available for live cell imaging at subcellular resolution while also allowing microscopists to use their standard sample carriers.
Next-generation sequencing to identify molecular alterations in DNA repair and chromatin maintenance genes associated with pathologic complete response (pT0) to neoadjuvant accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (AMVAC) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). (2014)

4538 Background: Neoadjuvant cisplatin based chemotherapy prior to cystectomy is standard of care for MIBC, with 30-40% expected to achieve a pT0. Biomarkers predictive of pT0 are lacking. Methods: 36 MIBC pts treated on study with 3 cycles of neoadjuvant AMVAC were included. 14/36 were pT0. DNA from pre-treatment tumor tissue underwent sequencing of 287 cancer related genes and was analyzed for presence of base substitutions, indels, copy number alterations, and selected re-arrangements. The mean number of variants and variant status for each gene were correlated with pT0 using two-sample t-test and Fisher’s exact tests. Variant data were used to create a classification tree to discriminate pts with and without pT0. Missense mutations were predicted to be deleterious/neutral using a support vector machine trained with sequence and protein structural features. Results: 747 alterations in 216 genes were detected. Pts with pT0 had more alterations (mean 25, range 11-39) than those with residual tumor (mean 18, range 8-32), p=0.01. All 13 pts with ≥ 1 variant in ATM, RB1, or FANCC achieved pT0 (positive predictive value=100%), while only 1/23 without a variant in 1 of these 3 genes achieved pT0 (negative predictive value=96%). This decision rule has a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 93% for pT0. Permutation studies show the probability of this rule resulting in ≥ 97% accuracy by chance is ≤ 0.0001. Alterations in ATM and RB1 remained independently associated with pT0 after correction for multiple testing. All but 1 of the alterations detected in ATM, RB1 and FANCC were predicted to be deleterious. Conclusions: Alterations in ≥1 of ATM, RB1 and FANCC predict pT0 to neoadjuvant AMVAC with high sensitivity and specificity. We hypothesize that defects in these genes, which are important for maintenance of chromatin structure and DNA repair, confer sensitivity to DNA damaging chemotherapy and that the accumulation of alterations seen among pts with pT0 reflect this phenotype. Independent validation of these findings is underway. Clinical trial information: NCT01031420.
A Methodology for Implementation of High-Efficiency Broadband Power Amplifiers With Second-Harmonic Manipulation (2015)

This brief describes a methodology for designing broadband power amplifiers (PAs) based on the manipulation of second-harmonic impedance. The proposed approach starts from the inverse class-F (F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) design specification and extends it to a family of specifications that allow achieving better than class-B performance in terms of output power and drain efficiency. It is shown that the achievable performance can be maintained over a wide frequency range reaching 57% of fractional bandwidth. As such, the proposed approach permits higher flexibility and offers relaxed matching constraints in implementing broadband high-efficiency PAs. For the experimental implementation, the proposed approach is adopted to implement a broadband PA using a 10-W gallium-nitride transistor. Peak drain efficiencies greater than 75% are measured over carrier frequencies between 500 and 900 MHz. The saturated output power levels, on the other hand, are higher than 10 W with a maximum of 13 W. Measured results are confirmed to be in good agreement with theory and simulations.