gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell cycle synchronization of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-dependent porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells and the generation of cloned embryos (2014)

Nuclear transfer (NT) from porcine iPSC to create cloned piglets is unusually inefficient. Here we examined whether such failure might be related to the cell cycle stage of donor nuclei. Porcine iPSC, derived here from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, have a prolonged S phase and are highly sensitive to drugs normally used for synchronization. However, a double-blocking procedure with 0.3 μM aphidicolin for 10 h followed by 20 ng/ml nocodazole for 4 h arrested 94.3% of the cells at G2/M and, after release from the block, provided 70.1% cells in the subsequent G1 phase without causing any significant loss of cell viability or pluripotent phenotype. Nuclei from different cell cycle stages were used as donors for NT to in vitro-matured metaphase II oocytes. G2/M nuclei were more efficient than either G1 and S stage nuclei in undergoing first cleavage and in producing blastocysts, but all groups had a high incidence of chromosomal/nuclear abnormalities at 2 h and 6 h compared with non-synchronized NT controls from fetal fibroblasts. Many G2 embryos extruded a pseudo-second polar body soon after NT and, at blastocyst, tended to be either polyploid or diploid. By contrast, the few G1 blastocysts that developed were usually mosaic or aneuploid. The poor developmental potential of G1 nuclei may relate to lack of a G1/S check point, as the cells become active in DNA synthesis shortly after exit from mitosis. Together, these data provide at least a partial explanation for the almost complete failure to produce cloned piglets from piPSC.
Automatic verification of instruction set simulation using synchronized state comparison (2002)

Instruction-level simulation is the basis for much research in computer architecture. Typically, the simulators used for this type of research are verified by comparing the outputs of a simulated benchmark program and the outputs of the same program when run on a real machine - the simulator is "verified" if the outputs are the same. In the case of some benchmark programs, however it is possible that significant fractions of the benchmark would not be executed due to minor differences or errors in the simulator, which would limit the usefulness of the results of the simulations. This paper presents a novel method for verifying instruction-level simulators via step-by-step register state comparison to a hardware implementation. A description of a sample implementation of this verification method is presented, along with a discussion of specific implementation issues. The verification speed of 1000-5000 instructions per second on a 300 MHz MIPS R12000 is a concern, but possible ways to address this limitation are described.
Thermally Triggered Assembly of Cationic Graft Copolymers Containing 2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethyl Methacrylate Side Chains (2011)

Thermoresponsive copolymers continue to attract a great deal of interest in the literature. In particular, those based on ethylene oxide-containing methacrylates have excellent potential for biomaterial applications. Recently, some of us reported a study of thermoresponsive cationic graft copolymers containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAm, (Liu et al., Langmuir, 24, 7099). Here, we report an improved version of this new family of copolymers. In the present study, we replaced the PNIPAm side chains with poly(2-(2-methyoxyethoxy)ethylmethacrylate), PMeO(2)MA. These new, nonacrylamide containing, cationic graft copolymers were prepared using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and a macroinitiator. They contained poly(trimethylamonium)-aminoethyl methacrylate and PMeO(2)MA, i.e., PTMA(+)(x)-g-(PMeO(2)MA(n))(y). They were investigated using variable-temperature turbidity, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), electrophoretic mobility, and (1)H NMR measurements. For one system, four critical temperatures were measured and used to propose a mechanism for the thermally triggered changes that occur in solution. All of the copolymers existed as unimolecular micelles at 20 °C. They underwent reversible aggregation with heating. The extent of aggregation was controlled by the length of the side chains. TEM showed evidence of micellar aggregates. The thermally responsive behaviors of our new copolymers are compared to those for the cationic PNIPAm graft copolymers reported by Liu et al. Our new cationic copolymers retained their positive charge at all temperatures studied, have high zeta potentials at 37 °C, and are good candidates for conferring thermoresponsiveness to negatively charged biomaterial surfaces.
Revolutionizing the healthcare of the future through nanomedicine: Opportunities and challenges (2016)

Nanotechnology refers to the design, production and application of structures, devices or systems at the incredibly small scale of atoms and molecules-the "nanoscale". As a result, this technology has the potential to remarkably affect the development of the healthcare sector by revolutionizing both the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of diseases. In this paper, current advances in modern medicine are presented and discussed. Drug delivery, gene delivery, immune system support and health monitoring are demonstrated as few examples of the many applications that uses nanotechnology in disease diagnosis. In addition, the technology of bionanosensors is presented to highlight their ability to sense the biochemical and biophysical signals associated with diseases at the molecular or cellular levels. Further, nanoparticles are demonstrated as essential building blocks of nanotechnology in which various types of materials are presented and characterized. Finally, the challenges and future trends associated with this developing technology are illustrated.
Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Ageing (1977)

While the error theory of ageing has attracted most interest in recent times it cannot yet be regarded as being demonstrated. Posttranslational modifications of proteins genetic theory appears loical but has little in vivo evidence to prove it. Basic mechanisms of ageing probably involve the interaction of several processes.
Hybrid Perovskite Degradation from an Optical Perspective: A Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study from the Deep Ultraviolet to the Middle Infrared (2021)

Abstract A quantitative analysis of the thermally induced degradation of various device‐relevant multi‐cation hybrid perovskite films is performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, for temperatures between 80 and 120 °C. The studied compositions are a triple cation perovskite Cs 0.05 (MA 0.17 FA 0.83 ) 0.95 Pb(Br 0.17 I 0.83 ) 3 , a Rb‐containing variant Rb 0.05 Cs 0.05 (MA 0.17 FA 0.83 ) 0.90 Pb(Br 0.17 I 0.83 ) 3 , and a methylammonium‐free Rb 0.05 Cs 0.10 FA 0.85 PbI 3 composition. A very wide combined spectral range of 200 nm to 25 μm is covered by combining the data from two separate instruments. The relative changes in organic cation concentrations are quantified from the middle infrared molecular absorption bands, leveraging the use of point‐by‐point fitting for increased sensitivity. Additionally, the formation of PbI 2 and non‐perovskite δ‐CsPbI 3 phases is evidenced from Bruggemann effective medium fits to the visible and ultraviolet complex refractive indices. Methylammonium is almost completely depleted from the relevant compositions within 100 to 285 min of thermal annealing. The MA‐free perovskite degrades faster at intermediate temperatures, which is attributed to phase instability due to the formation of δ‐CsPbI 3 in addition to PbI 2 .
Autonomous Non-stop Microcode Updating Technology for High Available Storage Systems (2016)

We propose a technique called the Autonomous Non-stop Microcode Updating Technology to achieve high available dual controller storage systems. All commands which the microcode updating controller receives are transferred to other controller and executed by it, so that the microcode updating controller is released from any command operations, and storage administrators can execute microcode updating operation without any help of server administrators. The results of simulation with actual simulated load reveal that increase of average response time is 0.54ms and increase ratio is 19%. Performance of application is not affected by the results. In addition, we estimate the controller pause time during non-stop microcode updating process is 150ms at a maximum by this evaluation. Proposed technology achieves availability of 99.999%.
A Fast and Flexible Method for the Segmentation of aCGH Data (2008)

Motivation: Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) is used to scan the entire genome for variations in DNA copy number. A central task in the analysis of aCGH data is the segmentation into groups of probes sharing the same DNA copy number. Some well known segmentation methods suffer from very long running times, preventing interactive data analysis. Results: We suggest a new segmentation method based on wavelet decomposition and thresholding, which detects significant breakpoints in the data. Our algorithm is over 1,000 times faster than leading approaches, with similar performance. Another key advantage of the proposed method is its simplicity and flexibility. Due to its intuitive structure it can be easily generalized to incorporate several types of side information. Here we consider two extensions which include side information indicating the reliability of each measurement, and compensating for a changing variability in the measurement noise. The resulting algorithm outperforms existing methods, both in terms of speed and performance, when applied on real high density CGH data. Availability: Implementation is available under software tab at: http://www.ee.technion.ac.il/Sites/People/YoninaEldar/ Contact: yonina@ee.technion.ac.il
TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART UTILIZING DUAL INTRACORPOREAL CONTINUOUS FLOW PUMPS IN A CHRONIC BOVINE MODEL (2005)

Background: Total artificial hearts (TAH) may be anatomically unsuitable for implantation in 60% of the population (small adults, children). Continuous flow pumps are smaller, more power-efficient, and conducive to biventricular replacement. We used dual Jarvik 2000 Flowmakers as a TAH in a juvenile bovine model. Methods: Ventricles were transected below the atrial junction. A pericardial patch was sewn to each ventricular remnant to support the pump sewing ring. Aorta (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA) were transected above the valves for end-to-end anastomosis of outflow grafts. Pump speed was constant (14 Krpm) on the left and varied (8–12 Krpm) on the right. Vascular resistances were managed pharmacologically. Results: Pump flows (L/min) averaged 7.6±1.1 on the left and 7.2±1.1 on the right. Pressures (mmHg) were 98±17 (Ao), 19±6 (PA), 12±7 (LA), and 17±6 (RA). End-organ function and blood ANF, TNF, ACE and catecholamine levels remained normal. The animal died on day 20 when right pump controller accidentally separated from its power supply. Conclusion: We showed feasibility of an implantable, constant-flow TAH. Preload sensitivity of rotary pumps allowed adequate compensation of left-sided flow imbalance without an ASD or internal balancing mechanism.Figure
Abstract 2217: Magnetic Resonance Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Measurements To Predict Hemorrhagic Transformation In A Rat Model Of Ischemic Stroke (2012)

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive value of blood-brain barrier permeability (BBBP) measurements extracted from perfusion-weighted MRI for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in stroke. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar rats with unilateral, 2h filament occlusion of the right MCA underwent imaging during occlusion, post reperfusion at 4h and 24h. BBBP was imaged by perfusion-weighted MRI and quantified by Patlak analysis. Cresyl-violet staining was used to detect and characterize hemorrhage on histology in sacrified rats at 24 hours, immediately following the last imaging study. Permeability changes were evaluated at baseline, after reperfusion and at 24 hours, in animals with or without macroscopic hemorrhage. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the most accurate permeability threshold to predict HT. Findings: In animals that showed macroscopic hemorrhage at 24 hours, the 95th BBBP percentile values on the infarcted side were 0.323 [0.260, 0.387], 0.685 [0.385, 0.985], and 0.412 [0.210, 0.613] ml/min·100g (marginal mean [95%CI]) during occlusion, at 4h post reperfusion and at 24h post reperfusion, respectively. The 95th BBBP percentile values on the nonischemic, contralateral side were 0.280 [0.212, 0.348], 0.266 [0.065, 0.665], and 0.203 [0.080, 0.483] respectively. The BBBP values on the infarcted side and the contralateral side were significantly different at 4h post reperfusion (p=0.034) and at 24h post reperfusion (p=0.031). The predictive value of BBBP in terms of macroscopic hemorrhage was highest on imaging obtained 4 hours after reperfusion (ROC area under the curve = 0761). The negative predictive value of BBBP measurements was high, while the positive predictive value was limited. For instance, for a BBBP threshold of 0.35 ml/min·100ml positive and negative predictive values for imaging 4 hours post reperfusion were 7.2 % and 98.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Altered BBBP is a necessary but not sufficient condition to cause HT in rats with an infarct. Further research is needed to identify those additional risk factors that are required for HT to develop in the setting of an ischemic stroke.
Immunophilin Ligands Promote Penile Neurogenesis and Erection Recovery After Cavernous Nerve Injury (2004)

Immunophilin ligands exert neurotrophic effects on the penile innervation that preserve cavernous tissue structure and promote erectile function recovery in rats after extensive CN injury.
Message Passing Networks for Molecules with Tetrahedral Chirality (2020)

Molecules with identical graph connectivity can exhibit different physical and biological properties if they exhibit stereochemistry-a spatial structural characteristic. However, modern neural architectures designed for learning structure-property relationships from molecular structures treat molecules as graph-structured data and therefore are invariant to stereochemistry. Here, we develop two custom aggregation functions for message passing neural networks to learn properties of molecules with tetrahedral chirality, one common form of stereochemistry. We evaluate performance on synthetic data as well as a newly-proposed protein-ligand docking dataset with relevance to drug discovery. Results show modest improvements over a baseline sum aggregator, highlighting opportunities for further architecture development.
Security and Privacy on the Web [Guest editors' introduction] (2015)

Software enables every aspect of the Web. Everything from device communication to online social networks is achievable only because of multiple lines of code. For various reasons, designing and building security and privacy into Web software is often an afterthought for most developers. This results in easily compromised systems that pose significant privacy and security risks to users. The Web extra at https://youtu.be/juxM-mJERxc is an audio recording of Davide Falessi speaking with Guest Editors Tyrone Grandison, CEO of Proficiency Labs, and Larry Koved, Principal Research Staff Member at IBM Research, about why, at a bare minimum, Web software developers must ensure that their code is sufficiently hardened to protect against URL interpretation attacks, input validation attacks, SQL injection attacks, impersonation attacks, basic inference attacks, buffer overflow attacks, and inadvertent data disclosure attacks.
Rovibrational quantum state resolution of the C 60 fullerene (2019)

The unique physical properties of buckminsterfullerene, C<sub>60</sub>, have attracted intense research activity since its original discovery. Total quantum state-resolved spectroscopy of isolated C<sub>60</sub> molecules has been of particularly long-standing interest. Such observations have, to date, been unsuccessful owing to the difficulty in preparing cold, gas-phase C<sub>60</sub> in sufficiently high densities. Here we report high-resolution infrared absorption spectroscopy of C<sub>60</sub> in the 8.5-micron spectral region (1180 to 1190 wave number). A combination of cryogenic buffer-gas cooling and cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy has enabled the observation of quantum state-resolved rovibrational transitions. Characteristic nuclear spin statistical intensity patterns confirm the indistinguishability of the 60 carbon-12 atoms, while rovibrational fine structure encodes further details of the molecule's rare icosahedral symmetry.
A Prediction of Uranium(VI) Diffusion in Montmorillonite at Various Chemical Solution Conditions (2020)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxyl‐1‐ [3‐(5‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)propyl]piperidines: Selective h5‐HT1D Agonists for the Treatment of Migraine. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ammonium and Tetraalkylammonium Salts as Additives for Li Metal Electrodes (2023)

Lithium metal batteries are considered a promising technology to implement high energy density rechargeable systems beyond lithium-ion batteries. However, the development of dendritic morphology is the basis of safety and performance issues and represents the main limiting factor for using lithium anodes in commercial rechargeable batteries. In this study, the electrochemical behaviour of Li metal has been investigated in organic carbonate-based electrolytes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements and deposition/stripping galvanostatic cycling. Low amounts of tetraalkylammonium hexafluorophosphate salts have been added to the electrolytes with the aim of regulating the lithium deposition/stripping process through the electrostatic shielding effect that improves the lithium deposition. The use of NH4PF6 also determined good lithium deposition/stripping performance due to the chemical modification of the native solid electrolyte interphase via direct reaction with lithium.
Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease: A Roentgenographic, Electrocardiographic, and Phonocardiographic Treatise (1967)

The authors provide an exhaustive discussion of the differential diagnosis of congenital heart disease from the standpoints of conventional radiography, electrocardiography, and phonocardiography. They also present, in small print, additional detailed data of the anatomy and clinical course. Schematized differential diagnostic considerations are given at the end of each chapter, and a final chapter of schemas of the differential diagnosis of all congenital heart disease has been devised. Brief case summaries with illustrations of radiograms, electrocardiograms, and phonocardiograms of excellent quality finish each chapter. Many excellent reproductions of angiograms are presented. The bibliography is extensive. Pertinent hemodynamic data are interspersed but are not discussed as general topics or as subheadings. The indications for angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization are scarcely noted, and the indications and problems of surgery are superficially covered. This is not a clinical book. Rather is it a discussion of the diagnosis of congenital heart disease as
Phospholipase C Isozymes: Structural and Functional Similarities (2007)

Phospholipase C (PLC) is shown to comprise at least nine isoforms. These isoforms can be separated into three structurally related classes. Within a class the isozymes have similar enzymological properties. In the case of the PLC gamma class, both isoforms may be regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. For PLC gamma 1 we show that the tyrosine phosphorylation sites are contained within the SH2/SH3 region or 'modulatory domain'. The overexpression of PLC gamma 1 in Rat-2 cells results in increased phosphatidylinositol breakdown in response to PDGF treatment, demonstrating that PLC gamma 1 mediates this response. We note that thrombin activates PLC gamma 1 in addition to other PLC isoforms.
Multiple‐antenna Techniques (2020)

Chapter 6 addresses the use of multiple antennas by 5G. The chapter lays out the principles of analogue beam selection by spatial filtering, digital beamforming by precoding and postcoding, and of hybrid architectures that use a mixture of analogue and digital techniques. It also details the principles of spatial multiplexing, and its implementation in terms of single-user MIMO, multiple-user MIMO and massive MIMO. The chapter mainly focusses on the use of multiple antennas by the base station, but concludes by discussing the use of beamforming by the mobile.
Transglutaminase activity in acute infarcts predicts healing outcome and left ventricular remodelling: implications for FXIII therapy and antithrombin use in myocardial infarction (2008)

FXIII tissue levels are decreased in patients with insufficient healing. Therapeutic strategies that modulate FXIII activity impact murine myocardial healing. Molecular imaging of FXIII activity predicts prognosis in mice with experimental MI.
Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Issue on Smart and Autonomous Systems for Sustainability (2019)

<bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">We are pleased to present</b> the special issue on “Smart and Autonomous Systems for Sustainability: Sustainable Computing and Computing for Sustainability.” We are witnessing the rise of the data-driven science paradigm, in which massive amounts of streaming data—much of it collected as a side-effect of ordinary human activity—can be analyzed to make sense and be able to make intelligent decisions for sustainability over multiple time scales (e.g., short-term versus long-term planning). Intuitively, sustainability refers to the ability to maintain a certain performance or efficiency over time. This concept in the context of computing systems can be seen as sustainable computing—computing systems that maintain a certain performance reliably by consuming low power for a very long period of time. To enable sustainable computing, we need adaptive approaches for managing the computing resources and methods for improving reliability and security of computing systems.
Parametric Modeling Approach to Gas Turbine Combustor Design (2000)

Recent advances in CAD/CAE based design tools have not only enabled the automation of parametric sensitivity analyses involving aero, thermal and structural calculations necessary for gas turbine combustor life predictions, but have also minimized the analysis cycle time required to perform such parametric analyses. Concepts involved in development of the parametric models for geometry creation, grid generation and unstructured Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a gas turbine combustor are discussed. In addition, the advantages of utilizing the parametric geometry and analysis models in parametric sensitivity studies of combustor aero analysis are demonstrated. A CAD-based parametric master model for 3-D solid feature creation and aero-analysis parametric models were developed for a modern GE single annular aircraft gas turbine combustor. Using these parametric models, a matrix of geometries was generated to define the computational domain for performing a parametric sensitivity study involving aero analysis, for combustor exit temperature predictions. The present combustor parametric aero-analysis considers the effects of the location of dilution holes and film slots in the combustor inner and outer liner components on the gas turbine combustor exit temperature profiles. Comparisons of the predicted combustor exit temperatures with available test data for an 18° annular sector are presented.