gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reviews (1990)

Tiananmen Diary: Thirteen Days in June, by Harrison E. Salisbury. Unwin Paperbacks, London, Sydney and Wellington, 1989. xiv + 176 pp. £5.99. ISBN 0–04–440619–3. Tiananmen: The Rape of Peking, by Michael Fathers and Andrew Higgins. The Independent in association with Doubleday, London, New York, Toronto, Sydney and Auckland. 1989. 148 pp. + colour photos. £4.99. ISBN 0–385–40022–5. The Chinese People Stand Up, by Elizabeth Wright. BBC Books, London, 1989. 208 pp. £7.99. ISBN 0–563–20762–0. Hong Kong: Xianggang, by Jan Morris. Viking Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1988. 320 pp. £14.95. ISBN 0–670–80792–3. Trade Unions in China, by Lee Lai To. Singapore University Press, Singapore, 1986. xii + 206 pp. $11.00 paperback. ISBN 9971–69–093–4. Chinese Working‐Class Lives: Getting by in Taiwan, by Hill Gates. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1987. xii + 256 pp. $10.95 paperback. ISBN 0–8014–9461–3. Market Street: A Chinese Woman in Harbin, by Xiao Hong. Translated with an introduction by Howard Goldblatt. University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 1986. xviii + 134 pp. $14.95. ISBN 0–295–96266–6. Personal Voices: Chinese Women in the 1980s, by Emily Honig and Gail Hershatter. Stanford University Press, Stanford, Ca, 1988. $42.50 hardback, $12.95 paperback. ISBN 0–8047–1416–9 and 0–8047–1431–2. The Russian Hero in Modern Chinese Fiction, by Mau‐sang Ng. State University of New York Press, New York, and The Chinese University Press, Hong Kong, 1988. 332 pp. $39.50 hardback, $12.95 paperback. ISBN 0–88706–880–4 and 0–88706–881–2. Baotown, by Wang Anyi. Viking, Harmondsworth, 1989. 143 pp. £11.95. ISBN 0–670–82622–7. The Modern History of Mongolia, by C. R. Bawden. Afterword by Alan Sanders. Kegan Paul International, London, 1989. xix + 476 pp. 47 photos. £14.95 paperback. ISBN 0–7103–0326–2. The Cold War Begins in Asia: American East Asian Policy and the Fall of the Japanese Empire, by Marc S. Gallicchio. Columbia University Press, New York and Guildford, 1988. xvi + 188 pp. $20.00. ISBN 0–231–06502–7.
Applications of crystal structure prediction – organic molecular structures: general discussion (2018)

Marcus Neumann opened discussion of the paper by Andrew I. Cooper: In Fig. 3 of your paper you compare the lattice energies of structures of different chemical compositions. Each filled circle corresponds to a different solvate and the various solvents all have their own, temperature dependent,
Spin transport in non-degenerate Si with a spin MOSFET structure at room temperature (2014)

Spin transport in non-degenerate semiconductors is expected to pave a way to the creation of spin transistors, spin logic devices and reconfigurable logic circuits, because room temperature (RT) spin transport in Si has already been achieved. However, RT spin transport has been limited to degenerate Si, which makes it difficult to produce spin-based signals because a gate electric field cannot be used to manipulate such signals. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of spin transport in non-degenerate Si with a spin metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) structure. We successfully observed the modulation of the Hanle-type spin precession signals, which is a characteristic spin dynamics in non-degenerate semiconductor. We obtained long spin transport of more than 20 μm and spin rotation, greater than 4π at RT. We also observed gate-induced modulation of spin transport signals at RT. The modulation of spin diffusion length as a function of a gate voltage was successfully observed, which we attributed to the Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation mechanism. These achievements are expected to make avenues to create of practical Si-based spin MOSFETs.
Millimeter-Wave Path Loss at 73 GHz in Indoor and Outdoor Airport Environments (2019)

In this paper, two large-scale fading path loss models are presented based on indoor and outdoor channel measurements at 73 GHz. The line-of-sight millimeter-wave propagation measurement campaigns were uniquely conducted within the indoor and outdoor environments at an airport setting, i.e., the Boise Airport. The channel measurements were made with directional transmit and receive antennas with a 24 dBi gain at different receive antenna heights. From the measured data, we obtained the parameters of two path loss models, i.e., the close-in reference distance model (CIM) and the floating-intercept model (FIM). Results show that the path loss exponents estimated from the CIM are very close to that of the free- space path loss model, while the FIM provides a better fit to the measurement data.
Urethane Sealants (1976)

This paper presents a discussion of urethane sealants in three parts: commercial applications, chemistry, and specifications. In the first part, urethane sealants for use on concrete structures, glass and glazing, curtain walls, split slabs, highways, and in vehicles are discussed. The price and performance of urethanes are compared to other sealants. The chemistry section shows how commercially desirable properties are produced by the use of various chemical functional groups. The specification section relates test methods to commercial properties and chemical groupings.
Photosensitizer fluorescence and singlet oxygen luminescence as dosimetric predictors of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy nduced clinical erythema (2014)

The need for patient-specific photodynamic therapy (PDT) in dermatologic and oncologic applications has triggered several studies that explore the utility of surrogate parameters as predictive reporters of treatment outcome. Although photosensitizer (PS) fluorescence, a widely used parameter, can be viewed as emission from several fluorescent states of the PS (e.g., minimally aggregated and monomeric), we suggest that singlet oxygen luminescence (SOL) indicates only the active PS component responsible for the PDT. Here, the ability of discrete PS fluorescence-based metrics (absolute and percent PS photobleaching and PS re-accumulation post-PDT) to predict the clinical phototoxic response (erythema) resulting from 5-aminolevulinic acid PDT was compared with discrete SOL (DSOL)-based metrics (DSOL counts pre-PDT and change in DSOL counts pre/post-PDT) in healthy human skin. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses demonstrated that absolute fluorescence photobleaching metric (AFPM) exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC) of all tested parameters, including DSOL based metrics. The combination of dose-metrics did not yield better AUC than AFPM alone. Although sophisticated real-time SOL measurements may improve the clinical utility of SOL-based dosimetry, discrete PS fluorescence-based metrics are easy to implement, and our results suggest that AFPM may sufficiently predict the PDT outcomes and identify treatment nonresponders with high specificity in clinical contexts.
Tone-Assisted Simultaneous Activation Protocol for Multiple ONUs in Point-to-point WDM Mobile Fronthaul (2018)

We proposed and developed simultaneous activation process of multiple ONU by employing a tone-assisted AMCC signal superimposition, and successfully demonstrated the lower probability of ONU collisions in point-to-point WDM system for 5G mobile fronthaul.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Time Division Multiple-Access over Fading Channels (2005)

We investigate energy-efficiency issues and resource allocation policies for time division multi-access (TDMA) over fading channels in the power-limited regime. Supposing that the channels are frequency-flat block-fading and transmitters have full or quantized channel state information (CSI), we first minimize power under a weighted sum-rate constraint and show that the optimal rate and time allocation policies can be obtained by water-filling over realizations of convex envelopes of the minima for cost-reward functions. We then address a related minimization under individual rate constraints and derive the optimal allocation policies via greedy water-filling. Using water-filling across frequencies and fading states, we also extend our results to frequency-selective channels. Our approaches not only provide fundamental power limits when each user can support an infinite number of capacity-achieving codebooks, but also yield guidelines for practical designs where users can only support a finite number of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) modes with prescribed symbol error probabilities, and also for systems where only discrete-time allocations are allowed.
Low-loss self-switching bandstop filter (2016)

A new switchable low-loss bandstop filter is presented based on an indirect switching method combined with all-pass coupled lines. The proposed design allows switching between an all-pass mode and a bandstop filter mode for On/Off operation of a bandstop response. Due to the location of the switch, which is outside of the through line, the passband insertion loss is drastically improved with this new method compared with a conventional switchable bandstop filter configuration. In addition, the method provides consistent group delay throughout the passband in both the all-pass mode and the bandstop filter mode, which is a capability that is not commonly available in conventional multi-path-type switched filter approaches. A 4-pole prototype switchable notch filter centered at 1090 MHz with 14 MHz 30-dB bandwidth was fabricated and measured for demonstration.
Supplemental Material, Supplementary Figures 1 and 2, Supplemental Tables 1 - 8 from A Serum Protein Signature Associated with Outcome after Anti–PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1: Schema of the hierarchical classifier development platform Supplementary Figure 2: Process for the simultaneous refinement of training class labels and classifier Supplementary Table 1: Association of Patient Characteristics with Test Classification Supplementary Table 2: Association of Test Classification with Immune Adverse Events Supplementary Table 3: Points in m/Z used to align the raster spectra Supplementary Table 4: m/Z regions used for coarse normalization Supplementary Table 5: m/Z regions used for finer normalization Supplementary Table 6: Points in m/Z used to align the spectra Supplementary Table 7: m/Z regions used for final normalization Supplementary Table 8: Lists of proteins/peptides included in each of the significantly associated biological function protein sets&lt;/p&gt;
A One‐Step Route to Azomethine Ylides via Chloroiminium Salts. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A streaming processing unit for a CELL processor (2005)

The design of a 4-way SIMD streaming data processor emphasizes achievable performance in area and power. Software controls data movement and instruction flow, and improves data bandwidth and pipeline utilization. The micro-architecture minimizes instruction latency and provides fine-grain clock control to reduce power.
Renal Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds From Discarded Kidneys Maintain Glomerular Morphometry and Vascular Resilience and Retains Critical Growth Factors (2015)

Our results indicate that discarded human kidneys are a suitable source of renal scaffolds because they maintain a well-preserved structure and function of the vasculature, as well as GFs that are fundamental to achieve a satisfying recellularization of the scaffold in vivo due to their angiogenic properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation via Diastereoselective Hydrogenation, Absolute Conformation and Configuration of Exogeneous Anabolic Zeranol ((3S,7R)‐3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12‐Deca‐hydro‐7,14,16‐trihydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1H‐2‐benzoxacyclotetradecin‐1‐one). (1986)

Abstract Employfng the novel chiral Borane complex (IIb)‐ BH 3 , the dibenzyl derivative (IIIa) of the natural product zeralenone is transformed predominantly to the alcohol (IIIb); the corresponding complex of (I) yields the desired epimer only as the minor product with poor diastereoselectivity.
Software-Based Vehicle Reidentification with Existing Loop Infrastructure (2014)

This paper describes the development of a hybrid reidentification algorithm to estimate travel times entirely on the basis of data that are readily available from single loop detectors (60-Hz vehicle occupancy data) without the need for additional hardware in the field. The key concept is data fusion, which combines crude and potentially inaccurate spot-point estimates with a software-based signature-matching algorithm. The method was applied to real data from an urban freeway site with four locations and six segments, with Bluetooth-matched travel time as the ground truth. The method performed satisfactorily, with a relative error of 9% for a segment 1.54 mi long, among others. It removed bias and improved the baseline spot-speed method significantly. The approach requires minimum calibration with no additional hardware. The method, therefore, proves suitable for widespread deployment and provides a clear path for agencies to leverage their existing loop and controller infrastructure for accurate travel time estimation through reidentification.
Semi-Transparent Solar Cell enabled by Frequency Selective Light Trapping (2017)

We propose a frequency selective light trapping scheme that enables the creation of more visually-transparent and yet simultaneously more efficient semitransparent solar cells. A nanoparticle scattering layer and photonic stack back reflector create a selective trapping effect by total internal reflection within a medium, increasing absorption of IR light. We propose a strong frequency selective scattering layer using spherical TiO2 nanoparticles with radius of 255 nm and area density of 1.1% in a medium with index of refraction of 1.5. Using detailed numerical simulations for this configuration, we find that it is possible to create a semitransparent silicon solar cell that has a Shockley Queisser efficiency of 12.0%\pm0.4% with a visible transparency of 60.2%\pm1.3%, 13.3%\pm1.3 more visibly-transparent than a bare silicon cell at the same efficiency.
In the rat, citrullinated autologous fibrinogen is immunogenic but the induced autoimmune response is not arthritogenic (2006)

Conversion of arginyl to citrullyl residues (citrullination) is essential for the formation of the epitopes recognized by rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA). ACPA are secreted by plasma cells of the rheumatoid synovial tissue where their major target, citrullinated fibrin, is abundant. Although numerous arguments suggest that ACPA play an important role in RA, their pathological relevance remains to be established. In the present study, we assessed the immunogenicity and arthritogenicity of complete Freund's adjuvant-emulsified autologous citrullinated (C-rFBG) or non-citrullinated (NC-rFBG) fibrinogen in Lewis (LEW) and Brown-Norway rats, which exhibit drastic differences in their susceptibility to induced autoimmune diseases. NC-rFBG induced no antibody response. In contrast, a single injection of C-rFBG induced an IgG response directed mainly to citrullinated determinants of rFBG. However, all rat strains remained devoid of clinical and histological signs of arthritis up to 3 months after C-rFBG inoculation. Next, in LEW rats, we tested whether autoimmunity to C-rFBG could aggravate acute ankle arthritis triggered by intra-articular injection of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). However, such arthritis evolved identically in the presence or absence of anti-C-rFBG autoantibodies. However, IFA-injected joints were devoid of citrullinated fibrin deposits. Therefore, citrullination allows breakdown of immunological tolerance but the autoimmune response developed is not spontaneously arthritogenic. Whether or not it can aggravate arthritis with citrullinated fibrin deposits remains to be evaluated.
Analysis of the Axiomatic Foundations of Collaborative Filtering (1999)

The growth of Internet commerce has stimulated the use of collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms as recommender systems. Such systems leverage knowledge about the behavior of multiple users to recommend items of interest to individual users. CF methods have been harnessed to make recommendations about such items as web pages, movies, books, and toys. Researchers have proposed several variations of the technology. We take the perspective of CF as a methodology for combining preferences. The preferences predicted for the end user is some function of all of the known preferences for everyone in a database. Social Choice theorists, concerned with the properties of voting methods, have been investigating preference aggregation for decades. At the heart of this body of work is Arrow’s result demonstrating the impossibility of combining preferences in a way that satisfies several desirable and innocuous-looking properties. We show that researchers working on CF algorithms often make similar assumptions. We elucidate these assumptions and extend results from Social Choice theory to CF methods. We show that only very restrictive CF functions are consistent with desirable aggregation properties. Finally, we discuss practical implications of these results.
Innentitelbild: Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugate mit Pyrrol‐basierten KSP‐Inhibitoren als Payload‐Klasse (Angew. Chem. 46/2018) (2018)

Gezieltes Abtöten von Tumorzellen mit Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugaten (ADCs) unter Verwendung von Kinesin-Spindelprotein(KSP)-Inhibitoren als Payload wird von H.-G. Lerchen et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 15463 vorgestellt. Bei der Bindung des Antikörpers an tumorspezifische Antigene wird das ADC in lysosomale Kompartimente internalisiert, wo der aktive Metabolit freigesetzt wird. Die nachfolgende Hemmung von KSP, einem ATP-abhängigen Motorprotein, das an der Bildung bipolarer Spindeln beteiligt ist, führt letztendlich zur Apoptose (Graphik von The New Atlantic, Köln).
Designing Tools for High-Quality Alt Text Authoring (2021)

Alternative (alt) text provides access to descriptions of digital images for people who use screen readers. While prior work studied screen reader users’ (SRUs’) preferences about alt text and automatic alt text (i.e., alt text generated by artificial intelligence), little work examined the alt text author’s experience composing or editing these descriptions. We built two types of prototype interfaces for two tasks: authoring alt text and providing feedback on automatic alt text. Through combined interview-usability testing sessions with alt text authors and interviews with SRUs, we tested the effectiveness of our prototypes in the context of Microsoft PowerPoint. Our results suggest that authoring interfaces that support authors in choosing what to include in their descriptions result in higher quality alt text. The feedback interfaces highlighted considerable differences in the perceptions of authors and SRUs regarding “high-quality” alt text. Finally, authors crafted significantly lower quality alt text when starting from the automatic alt text compared to starting from a blank box. We discuss the implications of these results on applications that support alt text.
Scatter Correction with Image-Domain Interpolation for TOF Helmet-Type PET (2021)

Scatter correction is essential for quantitative PET imaging. The current standard method corrects the scatter effect on each measured data bin in the projection domain with a scatter component estimated by model-based scatter simulation. However, the scatter components are not calculated for all the data bins due to the computational burden. Instead, coarsely sampled data bins are interpolated for each measured data bin. In our helmet-type PET, the interpolation for the hemispherical arrangement of block detectors is complex compared with conventional cylindrical PET scanners with large gantry bore diameters. Therefore, we propose an image domain scatter correction method to avoid interpolating data in the projection domain to improve correction accuracy. We modeled an uncorrected image as the sum of a radioactivity image and a scatter image. The proposed method alternatively updates the uncorrected radioactivity image and the scatter image. To update the scatter image, we first reconstructed a coarsely sampled scatter image from coarsely sampled scatter components estimated by model-based scatter simulation with a radioactivity image generated by subtracting the latest scatter image from the latest uncorrected image. Then the coarsely sampled scatter image was upsampled to a fully sampled scatter image. Finally, we obtained a scatter corrected image by subtracting the latest scatter image from the latest uncorrected radioactivity image. We implemented the proposed method with the list-mode OSEM and the single scatter simulation for the time-of-flight helmet-type PET prototype. An experiment with the Hoffman brain phantom showed that the proposed method improved the gray matter to white matter contrast from 45% to 51% compared with the conventional correction method with projection domain interpolation.
An Approach For Tuning Signal Integrity Properties Of Edge Card Connectors With Conductive Fixture In High-Speed Link Channels (2019)

A novel edge card connector design approach with tunable signal integrity (SI) properties is proposed. The tunability is achieved through the presence or absence of a grounded conductive fixture in between the connector pin rows. The main purpose of the tunability is to take an existing connector having a certain impedance intended to work in a high-speed link channel and be able to adjust the impedance of that connector for another channel requiring a different impedance. In this paper, the fixture is designed with a thin metal layer sheet expanding beneath a connector's pins to provide tunable capacitive coupling between the signal and the ground in order to effectively drop the connector's impedance from 100ohm to 85ohm. Additionally, it was observed that not only was the impedance tunability achieved for the assumed connector but also improvements in crosstalk and loss potentially extending the operational bandwidth of the connector to higher frequencies. The benefits of the proposed approach are verified by simulations in both frequency-domain and time-domain. A time domain eye simulation of a typical PCIe gen4 SerDes channel designed for 85ohm impedance to work at 16 Gbps shows eye opening improvements of 10.7% and 5.2%, respectively, for the eye height and the eye width when using the tuned connector with the proposed approach.
Efficacy of a Travelers' Diarrhea Vaccine System in Travelers to India: Table 1 (2013)

The evaluated patch vaccine failed to satisfy mainly with respect to protective efficacy. Noninvasive prophylactic agents against travelers' diarrhea, particularly vaccines against the most frequent pathogens, thus continue to be badly needed.
Post-Processing Free Spatio-Temporal Optical Random Number Generator Resilient to Hardware Failure and Signal Injection Attacks (2014)

We present a random number generator based on quantum effects in photonic emission and detection. It is unique in simultaneous use of both spatial and temporal quantum information contained in the system which makes it resilient to hardware failure and signal injection attacks. We show that its deviation from randomness cam be estimated based on simple measurements. Generated numbers pass NIST Statistical test suite without post-processing.
Figure S5 from Photodynamic Priming Mitigates Chemotherapeutic Selection Pressures and Improves Drug Delivery (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Endpoint primary metastatic burdens were comparable mice treated with 'nal-IR' and 'PDT + nal-IRI'.&lt;/p&gt;