gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on cell culture processing system to improve task efficiency (Efficiency improvement of the injecting task using a robot in a media change process) (2019)

In the field of regenerative medicine, cell processing is currently done manually. The process is labor intensive and expensive, and its efficiency must be improved. Automatic cell culture apparatuses equipped with a vertical articulated robot have been proposed recently. However, automating all tasks of cell processing complicates the system constitution. The present study aims to develop a simple and rational cell processing system by combining the tasks performed by a robot with those performed by a human. Herein, we first analyze each task in the cell processing operation, verify whether a task can be efficiently performed by a robot and automated equipment, and decide the combination of the tasks. In a previous paper, we improved the efficiency of the task of discarding spent culture media in a flask by using a robot arm in the media change process. In the present paper, by focusing on the media change process, we examine the efficiency improvement of the task of injecting culture media by using a robot. We propose the configuration of an inspiration/injection port and an algorithm to estimate the start time of injection end motion from the flow rate and conduct a verification experiment. Our results show that a robot can perform the injecting task more efficiently than a human. Moreover, the risk of dripping can be reduced by using a robot.
Liquid Crystal lens characterization for integrated depth sensing and all in focus imaging application (2017)

Depth from focus (DfF) algorithms rely on a scene-invariant series of images captured at different focuses to evaluate the distance between objects of the scene and the camera. One limitation of this technique is the slight "focus zoom" caused by standard lenses where focus is achieved with lens translation. Focus zoom impacts the performance and complexity of DfF estimation algorithms because it requires a costly spatial transform for images registration. Liquid Crystal (LC) lenses and liquid lenses do not rely on lens translation for focus which makes them good candidates for processing-inexpensive DfF techniques. On the other hand, DfF distance resolution depends on the number of acquired images under the constraint of scene-invariance which, in turn, calls for fast framerates and hence fast focusing. LC lenses are not the fastest lenses technology available and a careful characterization of both control vs. focus and focus speed is therefore required in order to define the acquisition system specifications. This paper presents both a system and a method to control and characterize a focus tunable lens. We developed a dedicated methodology, driver and algorithms to control experimental LC lenses in order to evaluate their compliance with the application and compare them with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) liquid lenses. Our experimental system controls, captures and processes images to measure the speed limitation of these lenses. We discuss the LC lenses performances, compare them with liquid lenses and show an example of depth map extraction with both of these lens technologies.
Protection of complex distributed systems (2008)

Today, the challenge in security of complex distributed systems does not anymore lie in encryption or access control of a single middleware platform, but in the protection of the system as a whole. This includes the definition of correct security policies at various abstraction layers, and also the unified and correct management and enforcement of the correct security policy at all relevant places in the system. As the authors have learned in the development of even comparatively simple distributed systems, e.g. an Air Traffic Control simulation system, this is not possible anymore by a manual definition of encryption properties and access control rules. Human security administrators are not able to define all the fine grained rules with sufficient assurance, to distribute them to all Policy Enforcement Points and to check many log files or admin consoles. This is especially impossible in highly distributed and agile service oriented or data driven systems.
Synthesis of (-)-bertyadionol (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (-)-bertyadionolAmos B. Smith, Bruce D. Dorsey, Melean. Visnick, Tetsuya. Maeda, and Michael S. MalamasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 11, 3110–3112Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00271a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1051Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Chemical modification of DNA with muta-carcinogens. III. Reductive alkylation of DNA with mitomycin C. (1985)

Mitomycin C (MMC) binds to DNA after its reductive activation by catalytic hydrogenation with Pd on charcoal. Three modified nucleotides, named MG-1, MG-2, and MA, were isolated from the modified DNA after enzymatic hydrolysis to 5'-nucleotides. The structures of these modified nucleotides were deduced from their 1H-NMR and UV spectra, and from studies of the chemically transformed derivatives (hydrolysis, methylation, diazotization, and thioketonization). These three modified nucleotides were concluded to be 1,2-trans-2,7-diamino-1-(N2-deoxyguanylyl)mitosene (MG-1), 2,7-diamino-1-(O6-deoxyguanylyl)mitosene (MG-2) and 2,7-diamino-1-(N6-deoxyadenylyl)mitosene (MA). The same modified nucleotides were identified in DNA extracted from the livers of rats treated with MMC.
Bio‐based benzoxazine monomers and polymers based on difuran diamine (2022)

Abstract Benzoxazine monomers with high renewable content made from difuran diamine (DFDA) are presented. The benzoxazine monomers were synthesized by reacting DFDA with several bio‐based phenolic compounds and formaldehyde. These systems were purified by precipitation, and depending on composition, the resulting solid powders melt at temperatures ranging between 50 and 150°C to form low viscosity liquids that can be used to impregnate fiber reinforcements. Onset cure temperature varies depending on composition in the range of 150–240°C. The resulting polybenzoxazines have T g 's ranging from 240 to 300°C. It was found that the phenolic structure selected affects curing mechanisms of the DFDA‐based benzoxazines, Benzoxazines that have available ortho or para positions on the phenolic structures result in cure without mass loss. It was also found that adding furan rings into the backbone of the polybenzoxazine network provided the added benefit of char yield as high as 60%, as measured by thermalgravimetric analysis temperature ramps in an inert environment to 800°C. Compared with benzene‐ring‐based benzoxazine counterparts, furan‐based benzoxazines showed better thermal stability. In addition to promising processing and thermal characteristics useful for applications requiring high temperature and fire resistance, these materials contain high renewable content.
Systematic haplotype analysis resolves a complex plasma plant sterol locus on the Micronesian Island of Kosrae (2009)

Pinpointing culprit causal variants along signal peaks of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is challenging. To overcome confounding effects of multiple independent variants at such a locus and narrow the interval for causal allele capture, we developed an approach that maps local shared haplotypes harboring a putative causal variant. We demonstrate our method in an extreme isolate founder population, the pacific Island of Kosrae. We analyzed plasma plant sterol (PPS) levels, a surrogate measure of cholesterol absorption from the intestine, where previous studies have implicated 2p21 mutations in the ATP binding cassette subfamily G members 5 or 8 (ABCG5 or ABCG8) genes. We have previously reported that 11.1% of the islanders are carriers of a frameshift ABCG8 mutation increasing PPS levels in carriers by 50%. GWAS adjusted for this mutation revealed genomewide significant signals along 11 Mb around it. To fine-map this signal, we detected pairwise identity-by-descent haplotypes using our tool GERMLINE and implemented a clustering algorithm to identify haplotypes shared across multiple samples with their unique shared boundaries. A single 526-kb haplotype mapped strongly to PPS levels, dramatically refining the mapped interval. This haplotype spans the ABCG5/ABCG8 genes, is carried by 1.8% of the islanders, and results in a striking 100% increase of PPS in carriers. Resequencing of ABCG5 in these carriers found a D450H missense mutation along the associated haplotype. These findings exemplify the power of haplotype analysis for mapping mutations in isolated populations and specifically for dissecting effects of multiple variants of the same locus.
Nuclear Medicine and Artificial Intelligence: Best Practices for Evaluation (the RELAINCE Guidelines) (2022)

An important need exists for strategies to perform rigorous objective clinical-task-based evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for nuclear medicine. To address this need, we propose a 4-class framework to evaluate AI algorithms for promise, technical task-specific efficacy, clinical decision making, and postdeployment efficacy. We provide best practices to evaluate AI algorithms for each of these classes. Each class of evaluation yields a claim that provides a descriptive performance of the AI algorithm. Key best practices are tabulated as the RELAINCE (Recommendations for EvaLuation of AI for NuClear medicinE) guidelines. The report was prepared by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging AI Task Force Evaluation team, which consisted of nuclear-medicine physicians, physicists, computational imaging scientists, and representatives from industry and regulatory agencies.
Changes in Non-Deamidated versus Deamidated Epitope Targeting and Disease Prediction during the Antibody Response to Gliadin and Transglutaminase of Infants at Risk for Celiac Disease (2022)

Celiac disease (CeD) is a conditional autoimmune disorder with T cell-mediated immune response to gluten coupled with antibody production to gliadin and the self-protein tissue transglutaminase (TG2). TG2 contributes to the CeD pathomechanism by deamidating gliadin, thereby generating more immunogenic peptides. Anti-gliadin antibodies may appear before the autoantibody production. The scope of this study was to dissect these early antibody responses by investigating serum samples collected during the PreventCD prospective double-blind study, where infants with high CeD risk were randomized to 200 mg daily gluten intake or placebo from 4 to 6 months of age, followed by frequent blood testing on regular gluten consumption in both groups. After primary gluten intake, children with or without later CeD produced IgA and IgG antibodies which preferentially recognized non-deamidated gliadin peptides. At CeD development with anti-TG2 seroconversion, there was a significant increase in the antibody reaction toward deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP), with maturation in the binding strength for the PEQPFP gamma-gliadin core peptide. The earliest produced autoantibodies targeted TG2's celiac epitope 2. Our results reveal a qualitative change in the gliadin-directed humoral immune response at the time when anti-TG2 antibodies appear, but anti-DGP antibodies in the absence of anti-TG2 antibodies are not disease-predictive.
ARCTIC: A Dataset for Dexterous Bimanual Hand-Object Manipulation (2022)

Humans intuitively understand that inanimate objects do not move by themselves, but that state changes are typically caused by human manipulation (e.g., the opening of a book). This is not yet the case for machines. In part this is because there exist no datasets with ground-truth 3D annotations for the study of physically consistent and synchronised motion of hands and articulated objects. To this end, we introduce ARCTIC -- a dataset of two hands that dexterously manipulate objects, containing 2.1M video frames paired with accurate 3D hand and object meshes and detailed, dynamic contact information. It contains bi-manual articulation of objects such as scissors or laptops, where hand poses and object states evolve jointly in time. We propose two novel articulated hand-object interaction tasks: (1) Consistent motion reconstruction: Given a monocular video, the goal is to reconstruct two hands and articulated objects in 3D, so that their motions are spatio-temporally consistent. (2) Interaction field estimation: Dense relative hand-object distances must be estimated from images. We introduce two baselines ArcticNet and InterField, respectively and evaluate them qualitatively and quantitatively on ARCTIC. Our code and data are available at https://arctic.is.tue.mpg.de.
Modification of the Substrate for Maintenance of Idiopathic Human Atrial Fibrillation (1999)

The electroanatomically-guided creation of extended radiofrequency current lesions is technically feasible only in the RA. However, procedural success in the RA does not suppress recurrences of AF in the majority of patients.
Placement Technique of Measurement Points for Inverse Acoustic Analysis (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes a measurement points' placement technique for the sound source identification using inverse acoustic analysis. In order to reduce noise in NVH problem for various kinds of machines including small size engine, it is necessary to identify the sound source. The inverse acoustic analysis is a technique that is effective for the sound source identification.[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] The inverse acoustic analysis identifies a surface vibration of an object by measuring the radiated sound and solving the inverse problem. Nakano et al. researched about the location of sound pressure measurement points for accurate improvement.[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;] They clarified that the sound pressure measurement points on the concentric circle gave more accurate surface vibration than the measurement points on the square lattice. In this paper, we proposed a measurement points' placement technique based on the space filling design.[&lt;span class="xref"&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span class="xref"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;] The placement of the measurement points with the space filling design has the following merits; (1) Enables to decide a number of measurement points according to the experiment. This characteristic is superior to location on the square lattice. (2) Enables to predict the surface vibration of a rectangular object. This characteristic is superior to location on the concentric circle. In this paper, we show that the precision of the measurement points' placement with the space filling design and the measurement points' placement by the conventional technique are at the same level. Furthermore, the design criterions of space filling design are discussed from the viewpoint of the measurement points' location and the optimization of design criterion is discussed to locate measurement points.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Endlos-Polarisationsregelung für den optischen Phasendiversitätsempfang (1997)

Polarization fluctuations at the end of a single-mode fibre can severely reduce the sensitivity of a coherent optical receiver. This can be avoided by an active polarization control unit. A new control algorithm is presented that is designed for a phase diversity receiver. In each operation step the distance between the actual retardation and the physical range limits is maximized. Thus reset procedures of the utilized finite-range polarization control devices can be avoided. Simulations of the new scheme showed that the sensitivity degradation is less than 0.8 dB.
System Modeling and Design Aspects of Next Generation High Throughput Satellites (2020)

As compared to terrestrial systems, the design of Satellite Communication (SatCom) systems requires a different approach due to differences in terms of wave propagation, operating frequency, antenna structures, interfering sources, limitations of onboard processing, power limitations and transceiver impairments. In this regard, this letter aims to identify and discuss important modeling and design aspects of the next generation High Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems. First, communication models of HTSs including the ones for multibeam and multicarrier satellites, multiple antenna techniques, and for SatCom payloads and antennas are highlighted and discussed. Subsequently, various design aspects of SatCom transceivers including impairments related to the transceiver, payload and channel, and traffic-based coverage adaptation are presented. Finally, some open topics are identified and discussed.
Characterization of micro-invasive trabecular bypass stents by ex vivo perfusion and computational flow modeling (2014)

Micro-invasive glaucoma surgery with the Glaukos iStent® or iStent inject® (Glaukos Corporation, Laguna Hills, CA, USA) is intended to create a bypass through the trabecular meshwork to Schlemm's canal to improve aqueous outflow through the natural physiologic pathway. While the iStent devices have been evaluated in ex vivo anterior segment models, they have not previously been evaluated in whole eye perfusion models nor characterized by computational fluid dynamics. Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with the iStent was evaluated in an ex vivo whole human eye perfusion model. Numerical modeling, including computational fluid dynamics, was used to evaluate the flow through the stents over physiologically relevant boundary conditions. In the ex vivo model, a single iStent reduced IOP by 6.0 mmHg from baseline, and addition of a second iStent further lowered IOP by 2.9 mmHg, for a total IOP reduction of 8.9 mmHg. Computational modeling showed that simulated flow through the iStent or iStent inject is smooth and laminar at physiological flow rates. Each stent was computed to have a negligible flow resistance consistent with an expected significant decrease in IOP. The present perfusion results agree with prior clinical and laboratory studies to show that both iStent and iStent inject therapies are potentially titratable, providing clinicians with the opportunity to achieve lower target IOPs by implanting additional stents.
IN VIVO MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF LEFLUNOMIDE IN ALLO-TRANSPLANTATION AND XENO-TRANSPLANTATION. (1998)

678 Background: Leflunomide (Lef) is effective in controlling autoimmune disease, cancer and transplantation rejection. Two activities have been identified for Lef; inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase at IC50≤ 5 μM; and inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases at IC50 ≥ 50μM. We have examined the in vivo mechanism of action of Lef in controlling allograft and xenograft rejection in Lewis rats. Methods: Lewis rats were transplanted with hearts from Brown Norway (BN) rats or Golden Syrian hamsters. Immunosuppression was Lef (5, 15 or 35 mg/kg/day; gavage) alone, or in combination with uridine (500 mg/kg/day; ip). The serum concentrations of the active metabolite of Lef, A77 1726, and uridine were quantified following Lef and uridine administration. All transplanted grafts were examined histologically at the end of the experiment, and scored following a modified grading of cellular rejection of cardiac biopsies. Results:TableConclusion: (1) ≥15 mg/kg Lef resulted in optimum immunosuppression. (2) Uridine partially antagonized the ability of ≤15 mg/kg Lef to control allograft rejection, but dramatically antagonized the ability of Lef to control xenograft rejection. (3) The effect of uridine on the immunosuppressive activity was significantly reduced at ≥15 mg/kg Lef;(4) Uridine was able to reduce the toxic effect of high-dose Lef. (5) The peak A77 1726 concentrations in the serum were 78, 266 and 478 μM for 5, 15 or 35 mg/kg Lef. (6) The control of T cell-mediated allograft rejection may be mediated by the inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation as well as pyrimidine synthesis, while control of B cell-dependent xenograft rejection by Lef is primarily dependent on the inhibition of pyrimidine synthesis.
Search for heavy, top-like quark pair production in the dilepton final state in pp collisions at s=7 TeV (2012)

The results of a search for pair production of a heavy, top-like quark, t , in the decay mode t t bW + bW - b + b - are presented. The search is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb -1 in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The observed number of events agrees with the expectation from standard model processes, and no evidence of t t production is found. Upper limits on the production cross section as a function of t mass are presented, and t masses below 557 GeV/c 2 are excluded at the 95% confidence level.
Optophysiology of cardiomyocytes: characterizing cellular motion with quantitative phase imaging (2017)

Quantitative phase imaging enables precise characterization of cellular shape and motion. Variation of cell volume in populations of cardiomyocytes can help distinguish their types, while changes in optical thickness during beating cycle identify contraction and relaxation periods and elucidate cell dynamics. Parameters such as characteristic cycle shape, beating frequency, duration and regularity can be used to classify stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes according to their health and, potentially, cell type. Unlike classical patch-clamp based electrophysiological characterization of cardiomyocytes, this interferometric approach enables rapid and non-destructive analysis of large populations of cells, with longitudinal follow-up, and applications to tissue regeneration, personalized medicine, and drug testing.