gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aquivion Ionomer in Mixed Alcohol–Water Solution: Insights from Multiscale Molecular Modeling (2020)

Short side-chain ionomers such as Aquivion are increasingly used in the fabrication of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Aquivion exhibits reduced gas crossover, enhanced glass transition temperature, better mechanical stability, and higher conductivity in comparison to Nafion, their long side chain relative. We performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of Aquivion at varying water contents and proportion of isopropanol mixed into the solvent and examined the structure and dynamics of the system. Atomistic simulations are followed by coarse-grained simulations to develop a coarse-grained model applicable to both long and short side chain ionomers. The density of Aquivion and Nafion membranes from simulations is calculated and compared with that from the experiment. The Aquivion system shows higher diffusion coefficients for water molecules and hydronium ions than the Nafion system. The water network morphology is analyzed as a function of water content.
Supplementary Table from Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Examples of therapies used for HLH and MAS.&lt;/p&gt;
Microfluidic Production of Cell-Laden Microspheroidal Hydrogels with Different Geometric Shapes (2020)

Providing control over the geometric shape of cell-laden hydrogel microspheroids, such as diameter and axial ratio, is critical for their use in biomedical applications. Building on our previous work establishing a microfluidic platform for production of large cell-laden microspheres, here we establish the ability to produce microspheroids with varying axial ratio (microrods) and elucidate the mechanisms controlling microspheroidal geometry. Microspheroids with radial diameters ranging from 300 to over 1000 μm and axial ratios from 1.3 to 3.6 were produced. Although for microfluidic devices with small channel sizes (typically <500 μm) the mechanisms governing geometric control have been investigated, these relationships were not directly translatable to production of larger microspheroids (radial diameter 10<sup>2</sup> - 10<sup>3</sup> μm) in microfluidic devices with larger channel sizes (up to 1000 μm). In particular as channel size was increased, fluid density differences became more influential in geometric control. We found that two parameters, narrowing ratio (junction diameter over outlet diameter) and flow fraction (discrete phase flow rate over total flow rate), were critical in adjusting the capillary number, modulation of which has been previously shown to enable control over microspheroid diameter and axial ratio. By changing the device design and the experimental conditions, we exploited the relationship between these parameters to predictably modulate microspheroid geometric shape. Finally, we demonstrated the applicability to tissue engineering through encapsulation of fibroblasts and endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) in hydrogel microspheroids with different axial ratios and negligible loss of cell viability. This study advances microfluidic production of large cell-laden microspheroids (microspheres and microrods) with controllable size and geometry, opening the door for further investigation of geometric shape-related biomedical applications such as engineered tissue formation.
anti‐HIV Agents. Part 55. 3′R,4′R‐Di‐(O)‐(‐)‐camphanoyl‐2′,2′‐dimethyldihydropyrano [2,3‐f]chromone (DCP), a Novel anti‐HIV Agent. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of an X-band Antenna-Amplifier: Numerical Simulations and Plasma-Related Investigations (2006)

In this work, new results obtained in the course of antenna-amplifier development are reported. These are the results of PIC simulations using the 3-D version of the MAGIC code and studies concerning the possibility of plasma formation at the dielectric rod surface located within the annular beam. The latter studies include theoretical consideration of the device slow-wave structure with a plasma layer near the rod surface and model experiments on beam transport in the guide magnetic field with the rod inside, aimed at estimating the plasma density
Results of Performance Evaluation Testing of Electrical Leak-Detection Methods at the Hanford Mock Tank Site--FY 2002-2003 (2003)

Application of two electrical resistivity methods at the Hanford Site Mock Tank during 2002, indicate the viability of the methods as possible leak-detection tools for SST retrieval operations. Electrical Resistivity Tomography and High-Resolution Resistivity were used over a 109-day period to detect leakage of a waste simulant beneath the tank. The results of the test indicate that both of these two methods, and subset methods may be applicable to SST leak detection.
Plant Breeding: Past, Present, and Future (2006)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Era 1: Domestication and phenotypic mass selection Era 2: Replicated progeny testing Era 3: Direct genotypic selection Acknowledgments
Drug Repurposing for the Treatment of Staphylococcal Infections (2015)

The development and approval of new antimicrobials capable of being used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens has not kept pace with the rapid emergence of bacterial resistance. Without a doubt, there is a critical unmet need for the identification of novel strategies to develop antimicrobials to deal with this new scourge. One strategy, which warrants special attention as a unique method for identifying new antimicrobials, is drug repurposing. Several approved drugs have been successfully repurposed for different ailments giving hope that this strategy can also be utilized to uncover new antibacterials. To aid in this process, the present review presents non-antimicrobial approved drugs and clinical molecules, which have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and their potential clinical applications. Additionally, approved drugs with novel applications such as interference in staphylococcal pathogenesis and host immunomodulators are also explained. The current review also discusses the challenges associated with repurposing already approved non-antimicrobial drugs as antibacterials and potential uses of these drugs that can be further explored in order to develop novel therapeutics for the treatment of multidrug- resistant staphylococcal infections. Collectively, the information presented demonstrates that repurposing approved drugs and clinical molecules as antimicrobials may help to speed up the drug development process and save years of expensive research invested in antimicrobial drug development.
Size effect of metal nanodome arrays on performance of plasmonic biosensor (2019)

Abstract Size effect of metal nanodome arrays on performance characteristics of a plasmonic biosensor is investigated using reflection spectroscopy. Ag and Au nanodome arrays are created by a bottom-up nanofabrication process by which the dome diameter and metal thickness can be controlled. Reflectivity measurements of metal nanodome arrays showed that the wavelengths and width of resonance dip were changed by the dome diameter and metal thickness, respectively. Bulk refractive index (RI) sensing and detection of DNA hybridization were performed to characterize the sensing performance of metal nanodome arrays. Bulk RI sensitivity were significantly improved as the dome diameter enlarged from 100 to 500 nm. In contrast, metal nanodome arrays with smaller diameter exhibited higher sensor signals against the immobilization of DNA modified gold nanoparticles used for signal amplification indicating strong plamonic coupling effects. With respect to the dome diameter, the effect of metal thickness was moderate for the presented sensing scheme.
Summary Report: Workshop on the Potential Risks of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Human HIV Vaccine Trials (1993)

Concern that ADE of HIV infection could occur in vivo, as a result of HIV immunization, has arisen for several reasons. Immune-mediated disease enhancement occurs in several human and animal viral diseases, including lentiviral diseases. Tropism for host M/M cells is a common characteristic in these diseases. Sera from naturally infected, and possibly HIV-immunized, individuals have been shown to contain infection enhancing antibodies in vitro. Finally, there is considerable genetic, and potentially antigenic, diversity among HIV-1 isolates. This workshop was convened to evaluate these concerns regarding ADE of HIV infection in human HIV vaccine trials and to propose studies that would address this potential risk. Although there is currently no evidence that immune-mediated enhancement of disease occurs in HIV, there is clearly a need for carefully designed experiments to further evaluate this issue. As there are several notable diseases for which in vitro ADE does not correlate with ADE in vivo, in vitro data are insufficient to deter development of current HIV-1 vaccine candidates. In vivo correlates of protection/enhancement are necessary to evaluate the ADE risk accurately. The development of an HIV animal model that would allow testing of vaccine candidates is of primary importance.
In vitro ovarian tumor growth and treatment response dynamics visualized with time-lapse OCT imaging (2009)

In vitro three-dimensional models for metastatic ovarian cancer have been useful for recapitulating the human disease. These spheroidal tumor cultures, however, can grow in excess of 1 mm in diameter, which are difficult to visualize without suitable imaging technology.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an ideal live imaging method for non-perturbatively visualizing these complex systems. OCT enabled detailed observations of the model at both nodular and cellular levels, revealing growth dynamics not previously observed. The development of a time-lapse OCT system, capable of automated, multidimensional acquisition, further provided insights into the growth and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer.
Controlling the p-type conductivity of SnO by doping with nitrogen and hydrogen (2019)

Two series of SnO thin films, one doped with N and one doped with H, were deposited on c-plane sapphire by reactive ion beam sputter deposition starting from growth parameters optimized for stoichiometric SnO. The amounts of dopants incorporated into the SnO:H and SnO:N samples were quantified by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The influence on the structural and electrical properties of SnO thin films was studied as a function of dopant concentration. In the case of N doping, all N incorporated, probably as NO, are active as the acceptor and exhibit long-term stability. We assign an acceptor activation energy of 100 to 150 meV to NO. However, we observe a change in the film morphology at a critical N concentration of about 7⋅1017cm−3, which deteriorates the structural properties of the films. In the case of SnO:H, the situation is different. We observe an outdiffusion of H after growth, i.e., the samples are not stable in the long term. Nevertheless, all H incorporated up to a H-content of 1019cm−3 seem to be electrically active and exhibit an activation energy between 150 and 250 meV, likely corresponding to Hi. Furthermore, at H contents above 1019cm−3, we observe molecular H2 inside the SnO:H thin films. We conclude that N doping of SnO is better suited for tuning the p-type conductivity of SnO. However, it will be essential to overcome the morphology change observed at the critical N concentration to fully explore the tunability of the p-type conductivity in device applications.
The influence of mildronate on peripheral neuropathy and some characteristics of glucose and lipid metabolism in rat streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus model (2011)

Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce the diabetic rat model. STZ rats were treated with mildronate (100 mg/kg daily, per os or intraperitoneally for 6 weeks). Body weight, blood glucose, triglyceride, ketone body concentrations, glycated hemoglobin percent (HbA1c%), glucose tolerance, and the development of neuropathic pain were monitored throughout the experiment. In the STZ + mildronate group, mildronate treatment caused a significant decrease in mean blood glucose (on week 4) and triglyceride concentrations (on weeks 3-6), significantly slowed the increase in HbA1c% (on week 6) and improved glucose tolerance 120 minutes after glucose ingestion during oral glucose tolerance test versus the STZ group. Mildronate completely protected development of STZ-induced neuropathic pain from the first administration week up to end of the experiment. The obtained data indicate clinical usefulness of the drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
A comparison of metalayers based on arrayed pairs of planar conductors (2011)

In this work we compare the performance of metamaterials based on layers of planar pair conductors with various shapes: dogbone with rectangular and triangular lattice, square loop and gangbuster. We first show the characteristics of transmission, reflection and absorption, and then we compare the absorption coefficient for the four considered structures. We inspect the dependence of the absorption coefficient on unit cell metal density in the case of triangular lattice dogbone pair and gangbuster pair. Last, we analyze the behavior of artificial magnetic conductors made by a single periodic layer of planar conductors above a grounded substrate.
Femtosecond-pulsed Laser Fabrication of Metallic Nanostructures in Polymer with Applications to Metamaterials (2012)

We present a femtosecond-pulsed laser-based method for writing subwavelength metallic nanostructures in a polymer. The pulsed laser induces two-photon initiated in situ reduction of a metal salt and simultaneous polymerization of a photoresist.
The Effect of a Magnetic Field on a RAPET (Reaction under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperature) of MoO(OMe)4:  Fabrication of MoO2 Nanoparticles Coated with Carbon or Separated MoO2 and Carbon Particles (2004)

In this article, we present results of the RAPET dissociation of MoO(OMe)4 at 700 degrees C in a closed Swagelok cell. The reaction produces molybdenum dioxide nanoparticles (20 nm) coated with carbon (20 nm). We have also carried out the same reaction under an applied magnetic field of 10 T. This reaction yielded different products. It produces a mixture of comparatively larger (50 nm) molybdenum dioxide nanoparticles and separated uncoated carbon particles (20-30 nm).
Reverse breeding: a novel breeding approach based on engineered meiosis (2009)

Reverse breeding (RB) is a novel plant breeding technique designed to directly produce parental lines for any heterozygous plant, one of the most sought after goals in plant breeding. RB generates perfectly complementing homozygous parental lines through engineered meiosis. The method is based on reducing genetic recombination in the selected heterozygote by eliminating meiotic crossing over. Male or female spores obtained from such plants contain combinations of non-recombinant parental chromosomes which can be cultured in vitro to generate homozygous doubled haploid plants (DHs). From these DHs, complementary parents can be selected and used to reconstitute the heterozygote in perpetuity. Since the fixation of unknown heterozygous genotypes is impossible in traditional plant breeding, RB could fundamentally change future plant breeding. In this review, we discuss various other applications of RB, including breeding per chromosome.
Lysozyme and β-Lysin Release Stimulated by Antigen-Antibody Complexes and Bacteria (1969)

Summary The concentrations of plasma lysozyme and β-lysin increased several-fold following the intravenous injection of either dead bacteria or antigen-antibody complexes into normal rabbits, or of BSA into immunized rabbits. Histamine and serotonin were not responsible for these alterations. The exposure of whole blood to dead Micrococcus lysodeikticus in vitro also resulted in a significant release of β-lysin and lysozyme into plasma. Similar exposures of peritoneal phagocytes to antigen-antibody complexes or bacteria resulted in the release of lysozyme during phagocytosis. Exposure of β-lysin-rich platelets to either antigen-antibody complexes or micrococci in vitro did not cause a consistent release of β-lysin. The in vivo release of β-lysin was accompanied by a decrease in the number of circulating platelets, a decrease in β-lysin per unit platelet, and extensive morphologic damage of platelets. For these reasons the in vivo results could be attributed to the release of β-lysin from platelets.
Splashing transients of 2D plasmons launched by swift electrons (2017)

Launching of plasmons by swift electrons has long been used in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) to investigate the plasmonic properties of ultrathin, or two-dimensional (2D), electron systems. However, the question of how a swift electron generates plasmons in space and time has never been answered. We address this issue by calculating and demonstrating the spatial-temporal dynamics of 2D plasmon generation in graphene. We predict a jet-like rise of excessive charge concentration that delays the generation of 2D plasmons in EELS, exhibiting an analog to the hydrodynamic Rayleigh jet in a splashing phenomenon before the launching of ripples. The photon radiation, analogous to the splashing sound, accompanies the plasmon emission and can be understood as being shaken off by the Rayleigh jet-like charge concentration. Considering this newly revealed process, we argue that previous estimates on the yields of graphene plasmons in EELS need to be reevaluated.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (2018)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease that occurs toward the end of pregnancy or in the months following delivery in previously heart-healthy women. The incidence varies widely depending on geographical region and ethnic background, with an estimated number of 1 in 1000-1500 pregnancies in Germany. The course of the disease ranges from mild forms with minor symptoms to severe forms with acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The understanding of the etiology of PPCM has evolved in recent years. An oxidative stress-mediated cleaved 16-kDa fragment of the nursing hormone prolactin is thought to damage endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Bromocriptine, a dopamine-receptor agonist, effectively blocks prolactin release from the pituitary gland. In addition to standard heart failure therapy, this disease-specific treatment reduces morbidity and mortality in PPCM patients. This review summarizes the current knowledge on PPCM and the disease-specific treatment options.
Chemical solution deposition (CSD) and characterization of the solid solution series Ba(1−x)Pbx(Ti, Mn)O3 (1999)

Abstract In this contribution, Ba(1−x)Pbx(Ti, Mn)O3 (BPT) and its properties will be presented. BPT has been synthesized using CSD based on metal propionates. The films were deposited on platinum covered silicon wafers with a spin-on technique. To convert the amorphous films into the BPT ceramic an annealing at 750°C was performed. The BPT thin films were characterized with X-ray diffraction and SEM. A platinum electrode was sputtered on top of the BPT thin film to obtain capacitor structures. Hysteresis, C-V measurements and leakage current measurements were used to investigate the effect of Pb substitution on the electrical properties of the film.
Bee-gent: Bonding and Encapsulation Enhancement Agent framework for development of distributed systems (2003)

Interoperability between different systems is becoming a more important issue as computer networks expand. In this paper, we propose Bee-gent (Bonding and Encapsulation Enhancement Agent), a distributed system development-framework that aims to provide coordination between RDBMSs, legacy systems, software packages, and so forth. The Bee-gent coordination mechanism is an integration of interaction protocols that explicitly describe the relationship of the elements of a distributed system. Our approach is to split interaction protocols into the flow for the overall problem solving sequence and the location dependent local flow. Further mobile mediation agents coordinate the behavior of each element according to the flow of the problem solving sequence. We present an example of system development using Bee-gent that demonstrates how maintenance becomes simpler in the face of modifying the distributed system components.
Reduced Graphene Oxide in Cathode Formulations Based on LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (2015)

We investigated the electrochemical properties of composite cathodes obtained by mixing LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO), reduced&#13;\ngraphene oxide (RGO) and carbon black (C65). Electrochemical electrode characterization was carried out in ethylene carbonate:&#13;\ndimethyl carbonate and 1 M LiPF6 by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles up to 4.8 V vs. Li+/Li and impedance spectroscopy.We&#13;\ndemonstrate that RGO improves the electrode/electrolyte interface stability at high potentials and, consequently, the cycling stability&#13;\nof LNMO cathodes in the presence of C65 with 92% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 C. The reciprocal effect of RGO and&#13;\nC65 is also beneficial for rate capability, which retained a specific capacity of 75 mAh g−1 at 10 C. The electric contact between&#13;\nparticles is promoted by C65s conductive percolating network; RGO enhances the electrical conductivity of the composite electrode&#13;\nand hinders undesirable reactions between LNMO and the electrolyte. Despite RGO’s lower electronic resistivity with respect to&#13;\nC65, the addition of RGO alone to LNMO is not sufficient to assure good performance. The mixing procedure without C65 promotes&#13;\nthe agglomeration of graphene nanosheets rather than their distribution among LNMO particles and aggregates, limiting the electron&#13;\nand Li+ transport in the cathode material.
Risk of liver‐related events by age and diabetes duration in patients with diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2022)

Age rather than duration of T2D predicts liver-related events in patients with NAFLD and T2D. It is reasonable to screen patients with NAFLD and T2D for advanced liver disease starting at 50 years of age.
Magnetohydrodynamically stable plasma with supercritical current density at the axis (2014)

In this work, an analysis of magnetic perturbations in the GOL-3 experiment is given. In GOL-3, plasma is collectively heated in a multiple-mirror trap by a high-power electron beam. During the beam injection, the beam-plasma interaction maintains a high-level microturbulence. This provides an unusual radial profile of the net current (that consists of the beam current, current of the preliminary discharge, and the return current). The plasma core carries supercritical current density with the safety factor well below unity, but as a whole, the plasma is stable with q(a) ≈ 4. The net plasma current is counter-directed to the beam current; helicities of the magnetic field in the core and at the edge are of different signs. This forms a system with a strong magnetic shear that stabilizes the plasma core in good confinement regimes. We have found that the most pronounced magnetic perturbation is the well-known n = 1, m = 1 mode for both stable and disruptive regimes.
On channel output feedback in deterministic interference channels (2009)

In this paper, we study the effect of channel output feedback on the sum capacity in a two-user symmetric deterministic interference channel. We find that having a single feedback link from one of the receivers to its own transmitter results in the same sum capacity as having a total of 4 feedback links from both the receivers to both the transmitters. Hence, from the sum capacity point of view, the three additional feedback links are not helpful. We also consider a half-duplex feedback model, where the forward and the feedback resources are symmetric and time-shared. Surprisingly, we find that there is no gain in sum-capacity with feedback in a half-duplex feedback model, when interference links have more capacity than direct links.