gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled nitric oxide production via O( 1 D)  + N 2 O reactions for use in oxidation flow reactor studies (2017)

Abstract. Oxidation flow reactors that use low-pressure mercury lamps to produce hydroxyl (OH) radicals are an emerging technique for studying the oxidative aging of organic aerosols. Here, ozone (O3) is photolyzed at 254 nm to produce O(1D) radicals, which react with water vapor to produce OH. However, the need to use parts-per-million levels of O3 hinders the ability of oxidation flow reactors to simulate NOx-dependent secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation pathways. Simple addition of nitric oxide (NO) results in fast conversion of NOx (NO + NO2) to nitric acid (HNO3), making it impossible to sustain NOx at levels that are sufficient to compete with hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals as a sink for organic peroxy (RO2) radicals. We developed a new method that is well suited to the characterization of NOx-dependent SOA formation pathways in oxidation flow reactors. NO and NO2 are produced via the reaction O(1D) + N2O → 2NO, followed by the reaction NO + O3 → NO2 + O2. Laboratory measurements coupled with photochemical model simulations suggest that O(1D) + N2O reactions can be used to systematically vary the relative branching ratio of RO2 + NO reactions relative to RO2 + HO2 and/or RO2 + RO2 reactions over a range of conditions relevant to atmospheric SOA formation. We demonstrate proof of concept using high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) measurements with nitrate (NO3−) reagent ion to detect gas-phase oxidation products of isoprene and α-pinene previously observed in NOx-influenced environments and in laboratory chamber experiments.
Areal-Density Limits for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording and Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (2016)

Differences in the areal-density capability limits for heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and conventional perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) are explored using spinstand measurements, drive footprinting, and micromagnetic modeling. The written track curvature is measured with a special technique that mitigates the cross-track averaging effects due to a finite read sensor width. Tracks written with HAMR heads are shown to have more curvatures compared with those written with modern PMR writers. Mitigation of written track curvature is demonstrated with two different HAMR writer designs. The curvature effect appears to challenge not only the downtrack bit resolution during readback, but also the cross-track written width with increased linear density (LD). Experimental measurements of a constant bit error rate for different LDs and track densities (TDs) indicate a significant opportunity for high TD recording using HAMR. The difference appears to be related to the ability for HAMR to address high track pitches with a minimal increase in risk of adjacent track interference compared with PMR.
Carrier escape mechanism dependence on barrier thickness and temperature in InGaN quantum well solar cells (2012)

The properties of quantum well carrier escape were studied by varying barrier thicknesses in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well solar cell devices. The dependence of the photocurrent on applied bias and temperature exhibited properties indicative of the quantum well carrier escape mechanisms of thermionic emission and tunneling, with tunneling dominating for thin barriers and high fields. Simulations using a self-consistent drift-diffusion and Schrödinger solver with analytical formulas extracted carrier escape lifetimes. By employing sufficiently thin barriers, it was found that escape lifetimes can be made small compared to recombination lifetimes, leading to high internal quantum efficiency.
RNA-based adjuvant CV8102 enhances the immunogenicity of a licensed rabies vaccine in a first-in-human trial (2019)

Doses of 25 and 50 µg CV8102 appeared safe and with an acceptable reactogenicity profile while significantly enhancing the immunogenicity of fractional doses of rabies vaccine. EudraCT No. 2013-004514-18.
High-throughput mapping of CoA metabolites by SAMDI-MS to optimize the cell-free biosynthesis of HMG-CoA (2019)

Metabolic engineering uses enzymes to produce small molecules with industrial, pharmaceutical, and energy applications. However, efforts to optimize enzymatic pathways for commercial production are limited by the throughput of assays for quantifying metabolic intermediates and end products. We developed a multiplexed method for profiling CoA-dependent pathways that uses a cysteine-terminated peptide to covalently capture CoA-bound metabolites. Captured metabolites are then rapidly separated from the complex mixture by immobilization onto arrays of self-assembled monolayers and directly quantified by SAMDI mass spectrometry. We demonstrate the throughput of the assay by characterizing the cell-free synthesis of HMG-CoA, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, collecting over 10,000 individual spectra to map more than 800 unique reaction conditions. We anticipate that our rapid and robust analytical method will accelerate efforts to engineer metabolic pathways.
Kill Spam: Vol 1 (2005)

Spam costs US corporations upwards of $8.9 billion a year, and comprises as much as 40% of all email received. Solutions exist to reduce the amount of spam seen by end users, but cannot withstand sophisticated attacks. Worse yet, many will occasionally misclassify and silently drop legitimate email. Spammers take advantage of the near-zero cost of sending email to flood the network, knowing that success even a tiny fraction of the time means a profit. End users, however, have proven unwilling to pay money to send email to friends and family. We show that it is feasible to extend the existing mail system to reduce the amount of unwanted email, without misclassifying email, and without charging well-behaved users. We require that bulk email senders accurately classify each email message they send as an advertisement with an area of interest or else be charged a small negative incentive per message delivered. Recipients are able to filter out email outside their scope of interest, while senders are able to focus their sendings to the appropriate audience.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Penem Antibiotic MEN 10700 and Its Orally Absorbed Ester MEN 11505. (2000)

The synthesis and biological properties of the new penem antibiotic MEN 10700 (6) and of its selected oral prodrug MEN 11505 (8f) are described. MEN 10700 showed a broad spectrum of activity, with high potency both on Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. It also exhibited good antibacterial activity toward anaerobes and on strains selected for their resistance to other antibacterial agents (cefotaxime- or ceftazidime-resistant Gram-negative strains, ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing and cephalosporinase inducible enterobacteria). MEN 10700 showed a very high stability to enzymatic degradation by renal dehydropeptidase DHP-I. After oral administration in rats of the pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug MEN 11505, the relative bioavailability of MEN 10700 was calculated as F=43%.
Synthesis of 3,9‐dihydro‐3,9‐dioxo‐2H‐indeno[2,1‐c] pyridine‐4‐carbonitriles (1980)

Abstract The annelation of α‐pyridones to five membered ring systems is demonstrated by the synthesis of a series of 2‐azafluorenones. These tricyclic heterocycles could be optionally substituted with methyl or phenyl groups by varying the orthoester reagent in the cyclization reaction. The conversion of the resultant cyanopyridones to pyridonecarboxamides and their N ‐methyl homologs is also described.
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portasystemic Shunt vs Surgical Shunt in Good-Risk Cirrhotic Patients (2001)

Operative portal decompression is more effective, more durable, and less costly than TIPS in Child-Pugh class A and B cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding. Good-risk patients with portal hypertensive bleeding should be referred for surgical shunt.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) transmission rate is not constant with time since infection: a serial transmission experiment (2012)

International audience
PI3K Pathway Inhibitors: Better Not Left Alone (2012)

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway plays a key role in diverse physiologic processes. It is also central to many aspects of the malignant process. Genetic phenomena that lead to constitutive pathway activation are common in human cancer; the most relevant are mutations affecting the catalytic subunit of PI3K and loss of function of the PTEN tumor suppressor. These factors have made this important cascade attractive as a potential target for cancer therapeutics. A host of inhibitors are now in various stages of development that target key nodes within the PI3K pathway. To date, however, the efficacy of these agents has fallen short of expectation, with at least one possible explanation being the presence of feedback loops and cross-talk that exists within and between PI3K and other signaling pathways. Accordingly, enthusiasm is again high as strategies employing therapeutic combinations are gaining pace, with encouraging results documented in both preclinical studies and emerging clinical trials. Here, we review the agents that have reached evaluation in early phase clinical studies of human subjects with cancer, and discuss the rationale for and use of novel drug combinations.
Evaluation of a Piloted Lean Injection System in Terms of Emission Performance and Flame Structure at Elevated Pressure (2013)

A new compact injection system design for piloted lean combustion has been developed to reduce the pollutant emissions in aero engines. The system includes an integrated premixing zone to achieve a homogenous fuel distribution, so that peak temperatures in the combustor are avoided. This leads to low NOx emissions at lean conditions. The risks of flame flashback and auto ignition have been considered in the design and neither of them has been detected by the performed tests. To avoid the formation of a recirculation zone within the mixing zone an axial air jet has been introduced. This axial jet also works as an air assisted pilot fuel atomizer, which is a major innovation as compared to other lean injection systems using pressure-swirl atomizers for the pilot fuel like e.g. the PERM (Partial Evaporation and Rapid Mixing) concept developed in a previous research program [1], [2]. The main fuel injection of the current configuration is performed by four circumferentially arranged pressure swirl atomizers, which is also an alternative approach compared to previous concepts. The emission performance of the injection system using kerosene Jet A-1 has been investigated in a tubular combustor with air inlet temperatures up to 733 K and combustor pressures up to 10 bar. The dependencies of pilot fuel split, air to fuel ratio, combustor pressure and air inlet temperature on emissions have been determined. Over a wide range of operating conditions a low amount of pollutant emissions are achieved and the stability range is broadened by the pilot fuel injection. The flame structure has been analyzed by OH* chemiluminescence measurements. The Abel transformation technique has been applied to the images to generate the radial distribution. The main flame is lifted and its shape remains similar for different combustor pressures. The lift off height with only pilot fuel injection decreases with increasing combustor pressure and the flame shape is changing. This behavior is explained based on the effects of combustor pressure on fuel atomization, droplet traces and the distribution of evaporated fuel. The development and testing have been conducted in cooperation of AVIO and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in the frame of the European Commission co-financed research project TECC-AE (Technology Enhancement for Clean Combustion in Aero Engines).
Identification and characterization of antigens as vaccine candidates againstKlebsiella pneumoniae (2013)

Nosocomial infections, also called "hospital acquired infections," occur worldwide and affect both developed and resource-poor countries, thus having a major impact on their health care systems. Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen, is responsible for causing pneumonia, urinary tract infections and septicemia in immune compromised hosts such as neonates. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine or mAb available for prophylactic or therapeutic use against K. pneumoniae infections. For this reason, we sought for a protein-based subunit vaccine capable of combating K. pneumoniae infections, by applying our ANTIGENome technology for the identification of potential vaccine candidates, focusing on conserved protein antigens present in strains with different serotypes. We identified numerous novel immunogenic proteins using genomic surface display libraries and human serum antibodies from donors exposed to or infected by K. pneumoniae. Vaccine candidate antigens were finally selected based on animal protection in a murine lethal-sepsis model. The protective and highly conserved antigens identified in this study are promising candidates for the development of a protein-based vaccine to prevent infection by K. pneumoniae.
Quantifying spatial resolution in a fast neutron radiography system (2022)

Neutron imaging is a powerful nondestructive examination modality that has been employed in various applications. Fast neutrons provide advantages over lower energy neutrons, such as examining thicker samples and inducing negligible activation and transmutations. However, fast neutrons interact mostly via elastic scattering with both the neutron detector and the object, causing degradation in spatial resolution. This study explores the quantification of spatial resolution caused by the testing target itself and suggests proper candidate materials for characterizing spatial resolution in terms of modulation transfer function. Knife-edge radiographs of 3 mm, 6 mm, and 5 cm thick Tantalum (Ta) foils, and a 2.54 cm Tungsten (W) cube were acquired using a CCD-based imaging system and a Polyvinyl Toluene (PVT) scintillator at the Ohio State Research Reactor (OSURR)’s fast neutron beam facility. The spatial resolutions calculated were 195 ± 20μm, 224 ± 22μm, 248 ± 25μm, and 435 ± 44μm for 3 mm, 6 mm, and 5 cm Ta foils, and 2.54 cm W cube, respectively. The results showed a worsening spatial resolution with increasing target thickness. Simulations and calculations estimate that elastic scattering kinematics between neutrons and protons in the PVT medium also limits spatial resolution, and it sets a lower limit of ∼44μm on the spatial resolution for 2 MeV neutrons.
Investigation of p‐contact layers for BeZnSeTe/MgZnCdSe optical devices on InP substrates (2014)

Abstract ZnTe and ZnSeTe p‐contact layers were investigated for use in BeZnSeTe/MgZnCdSe optical devices on InP sub‐strates. The contact resistances (R c ) of Au electrodes to N‐doped p‐ZnTe and p‐ZnSeTe contact lay‐ers were evaluated using the circular transmission line model (c‐TLM) method. A lower R c (3.1×10 ‐3 Ωcm 2 ) was obtained for the ZnSeTe p‐contact sample than for the ZnTe sample (6.3×10 ‐3 Ωcm 2 ). BeZnSeTe/MgZnCdSe yellow‐light‐emitting devices with a ZnTe or ZnSeTe p‐contact layer grown on InP substrates were characterized. A comparison of the current‐voltage (I‐V) characteristics of these devices showed that the turn‐on voltage of the ZnSeTe contact device was about 4 V lower than that of the ZnTe device. From the aging characteristics of these devices under direct‐current injection at room temperature, it was shown that the lifetime of the ZnSeTe contact device was 30 times longer than that of the ZnTe contact device. These results show that a ZnSeTe contact layer is more suitable for BeZnSeTe/MgZnCdSe optical devices on InP substrates than a ZnTe contact layer. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hotspot diagnosis on logical level (2011)

Hotspots in data center have been attributed to an increase in equipment failures, which causes system down time and business loss. In maintenance of IT equipment, removing hotspot with minimal cooling power cost is both ecological and financial benefits. Thus, identifying root cause of hotspots in data center is essential. A variety of factors can cause the issue, and therefore, diagnosing root cause of hotspot for removing and preventing it becomes complicated. This paper proposes a technique which supports diagnose the hotspot from logical level relative to physical conditions. In the proposed technique, performance and configuration data of each potential factor are analyzed with hotspot trochoid automatically. Effect and impact of the factor are synthesis evaluated for each component to diagnose whether it is related to the hotspot emerging or not. The diagnosis results are collected for suspects of creating hotspot in the target ambient, and then, the suspects in the whole system can be ranked for helping to identify the root cause. Hotspot diagnosis from the logical level is also useful to improve the hotspot diagnosis on other external physical conditions factors, when the logical causes are excluded by the proposed approach.
Zur Bedeutung von Organozinn‐Verbindungen in der Olefin‐Metathese: Synthese, Struktur und Lewis‐Acidität von [(η5‐C5Me5)CH3ReCl3] (1987)

Eine stark abgeflachte Pyramide charakterisiert die Struktur und bestimmt die Reaktivität des Re v ‐Komplexes 1 , der bei der Umsetzung von Tetramethylzinn mit [(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 4 Et)ReCl 4 ] entsteht. Lewis‐Basen können in trans ‐Stellung zum π‐gebundenen Ringsystem an 1 sowie seinem η‐C 5 Me 5 ‐Analogon angreifen. Die Befunde könnten zum Verständnis der Rolle von Sn‐Cokatalysatoren für die Olefin‐Metathese beitragen.
Supplementary Figure from Preclinical Characterization and Phase I Trial Results of a Bispecific Antibody Targeting PD-L1 and 4-1BB (GEN1046) in Patients with Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure from Preclinical Characterization and Phase I Trial Results of a Bispecific Antibody Targeting PD-L1 and 4-1BB (GEN1046) in Patients with Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors
Photoaffinity labeling of corticotropin receptors. (1980)

A photoaffinity label for corticotropin (ACTH) receptors was prepared by selective chemical modification of the single tryptophan residue in the hormone by reaction with 2-nitro-5-azidophenylsulfenyl chloride. The photoreactive derivative, [(2-nitro-5-azidophenylsulfenyl)-Trp9]ACTH (2,5-NAPS-ACTH), stimulated corticosterone synthesis to 60% of the maximal rate induced by ACTH in isolated rat adrenocortical cells. 2.5-NAPS-ACTH caused only a marginal stimulation of cyclic AMP production compared to the unmodified hormone. Stimulation of corticosterone production and cyclic AMP accumulation induced by ACTH were both inhibited in a competitive manner by 2,5-NAPS-ACTH. Photolysis of adrenocortical cells in the presence of 2,5-NAPS-ACTH resulted in a 40% inactivation of ACTH receptors mediating steroidogenesis, as shown by the decrease in response to subsequent stimulation with ACTH. No loss of function was observed when photolysis was conducted in the presence of the photoresistant analog [(2,4-dinitrophenylsulfenyl)-Trp9]ACTH. Covalent attachment of the hormone to the receptors was also demonstrated by photolyzing adrenocortical cells in the presence of tritiated 2,5-NAPS-ACTH of high specific radioactivity (90 Ci/mmol) and analyzing the cell proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A protein with an approximate molecular weight of 100,000 was specifically labeled by this procedure. The unique labeling of an adrenocortical cell protein and the concomitant loss of ACTH responsiveness suggest that physiologically relevant receptors are photolabeled by this method.
Enhanced Anti-Tumor Effects of Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Plus VP-16 On Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Xenograft Model (1989)

A nude mouse renal subcapsular and subcutaneous implantation xenograft model utilizing the SN12C human renal carcinoma cell line was investigated. In the absence of treatment, renal subcapsular implantation of SN12C resulted in metastatic spread (lung, liver and lymph nodes) and death of all animals. Radical nephrectomy of the tumor-bearing kidney after various periods of tumor implantation demonstrated that surgery alone after 18 days of tumor growth resulted in no statistically significant increase in survival with 100% of the nephrectomized animals succumbing to local recurrence and distant metastases. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) and VP16 (etoposide), both well known cytotoxic and cytostatic anticancer agents, were tested singly and in combination against this metastatic model of human renal adenocarcinoma. Single agent rTNF or VP16 therapy after radical nephrectomy demonstrated only minimal efficacy with no significant decrease in local recurrence and distant metastases as compared to nephrectomy only control animals. In contrast, the combination of rTNF plus VP16 when given after nephrectomy resulted in a significant decrease in local recurrence and no gross evidence of metastasis in any animal. Subcutaneously growing SN12C tumor nodules were also treated with the same rTNF, VP16 and combination regimens. Regression in tumor size was noted only in the combination treatment group. rTNF or VP16, as single agents, demonstrated only slight growth inhibition that was not statistically significant. These results suggest that by combining TNF plus VP16, a synergistic enhancement of antineoplastic activity against local as well as metastatic human renal cell carcinoma can be produced.
Sampling Without Time: Recovering Echoes of Light via Temporal Phase\n Retrieval (2017)

This paper considers the problem of sampling and reconstruction of a\ncontinuous-time sparse signal without assuming the knowledge of the sampling\ninstants or the sampling rate. This topic has its roots in the problem of\nrecovering multiple echoes of light from its low-pass filtered and\nauto-correlated, time-domain measurements. Our work is closely related to the\ntopic of sparse phase retrieval and in this context, we discuss the advantage\nof phase-free measurements. While this problem is ill-posed, cues based on\nphysical constraints allow for its appropriate regularization. We validate our\ntheory with experiments based on customized, optical time-of-flight imaging\nsensors. What singles out our approach is that our sensing method allows for\ntemporal phase retrieval as opposed to the usual case of spatial phase\nretrieval. Preliminary experiments and results demonstrate a compelling\ncapability of our phase-retrieval based imaging device.\n
SiC Substrate Doping Profiles Using Commercial Optical Scanners (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.