gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution-Processed Cesium Hexabromopalladate(IV), Cs2PdBr6, for Optoelectronic Applications (2017)

Lead halide perovskites are materials with excellent optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties. However, some hurdles remain prior to commercialization of these materials, such as chemical stability, phase stability, sensitivity to moisture, and potential issues due to the toxicity of lead. Here, we report a new type of lead-free perovskite related compound, Cs<sub>2</sub>PdBr<sub>6</sub>. This compound is solution processable, exhibits long-lived photoluminescence, and an optical band gap of 1.6 eV. Density functional theory calculations indicate that this compound has dispersive electronic bands, with electron and hole effective masses of 0.53 and 0.85 m<sub>e</sub>, respectively. In addition, Cs<sub>2</sub>PdBr<sub>6</sub> is resistant to water, in contrast to lead-halide perovskites, indicating excellent prospects for long-term stability. These combined properties demonstrate that Cs<sub>2</sub>PdBr<sub>6</sub> is a promising novel compound for optoelectronic applications.
Abstract 594: FcγRIIB expressed on activated CD8+ T cells restrains T cell responsiveness to αPD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma patients (2022)

Abstract In this study, we show that FcγRIIB on the surface of CD8+ T cells reduces responsiveness to αPD-1 antibody in melanoma patients, and we suggest therapeutic strategies to improve CD8+ T cell response to PD-1 blockade. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) such as PD-1 blockade has drastically improved melanoma patient survival, but not all patients respond to ICB. Elevated expression of inhibitory molecules on CD8+ T cells dampens the antitumor T cell response and limits patient response to ICB. We recently showed that the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIB is expressed on effector-like memory CD8+ T cells and functions in a cell-intrinsic manner to temper activated CD8+ T cells in vivo. We found that FcγRIIB+ CD8+ T cells were more proliferative and secreted more pro-inflammatory cytokines than their FcγRIIB- counterparts. FcγRIIB+ CD8+ T cells also expressed elevated levels of exhaustion/activation markers (PD-1, CTLA-4, etc.). As these markers are also the targets of immune checkpoint blockade, we investigated the response of these cells to checkpoint therapy. Interestingly, FcγRIIB+ cells exhibited significantly reduced proliferation to αPD-1 and αCTLA-4 in vitro compared to FcγRIIB- cells (p&amp;lt;0.05). In stage-IV melanoma patients, we observed a decrease in FcγRIIB+ CD8+ T cells (p&amp;lt;0.05) following administration of nivolumab (αPD-1), a finding replicated in mouse models in vivo. Because ICB utilizes IgG antibody, a canonical ligand for FcγRs, we hypothesized that ICB antibodies could bind FcγRIIB on CD8+ T cells and elicit counterproductive negative signaling. In a B16-melanoma mouse model, genetic deletion of FcγRIIB on CD8+ T cells increased CD8+ T-cell infiltration and IFNγ production at the tumor in αPD-1 treated mice (p&amp;lt;0.05). Further, blocking inhibitory signaling through FcγRIIB in αPD-1-treated animals increased the number of Ki67+, TNF+, and IFNγ+ CD8+ T cells at the tumor and delayed tumor growth compared to αPD-1 treatment alone (p&amp;lt;0.05). Thus, we show that FcγRIIB is a novel inhibitory molecule on CD8+ T cells that limits T-cell responsiveness to αPD-1 immunotherapy and that T cell-expressed FcγRIIB should be a consideration in the development of therapeutic antibodies. We also demonstrate the efficacy of blocking FcγRIIB to enhance the CD8+ T-cell response to αPD-1 in mice, illuminating a potential new therapeutic target to improve melanoma patient response to ICB. Citation Format: Kelsey B. Bennion, Marvi Tariq, Kirsten M. Baecher, Chrystal M. Paulos, Ragini Kudchadkar, Michael C. Lowe, Mandy L. Ford. FcγRIIB expressed on activated CD8+ T cells restrains T cell responsiveness to αPD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 594.
On transform coding tools under development for VP10 (2016)

Google started the WebM Project in 2010 to develop open source, royaltyfree video codecs designed specifically for media on the Web. The second generation codec released by the WebM project, VP9, is currently served by YouTube, and enjoys billions of views per day. Realizing the need for even greater compression efficiency to cope with the growing demand for video on the web, the WebM team embarked on an ambitious project to develop a next edition codec, VP10, that achieves at least a generational improvement in coding efficiency over VP9. Starting from VP9, a set of new experimental coding tools have already been added to VP10 to achieve decent coding gains. Subsequently, Google joined a consortium of major tech companies called the Alliance for Open Media to jointly develop a new codec AV1. As a result, the VP10 effort is largely expected to merge with AV1. In this paper, we focus primarily on new tools in VP10 that improve coding of the prediction residue using transform coding techniques. Specifically, we describe tools that increase the flexibility of available transforms, allowing the codec to handle a more diverse range or residue structures. Results are presented on a standard test set.
Quantifying information via Shannon entropy in spatially structured\n optical beams (2020)

While information is ubiquitously generated, shared, and analyzed in a\nmodern-day life, there is still some controversy around the ways to asses the\namount and quality of information inside a noisy optical channel. A number of\ntheoretical approaches based on, e.g., conditional Shannon entropy and Fisher\ninformation have been developed, along with some experimental validations. Some\nof these approaches are limited to a certain alphabet, while others tend to\nfall short when considering optical beams with non-trivial structure, such as\nHermite-Gauss, Laguerre-Gauss and other modes with non-trivial structure. Here,\nwe propose a new definition of classical Shannon information via the Wigner\ndistribution function, while respecting the Heisenberg inequality. Following\nthis definition, we calculate the amount of information in a Gaussian,\nHermite-Gaussian, and Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes in juxtaposition and\nexperimentally validate it by reconstruction of the Wigner distribution\nfunction from the intensity distribution of structured laser beams. We\nexperimentally demonstrate the technique that allows to infer field structure\nof the laser beams in singular optics to assess the amount of contained\ninformation. Given the generality, this approach of defining information via\nanalyzing the beam complexity is applicable to laser modes of any topology that\ncan be described by 'well-behaved' functions. Classical Shannon information\ndefined in this way is detached from a particular alphabet, i.e. communication\nscheme, and scales with the structural complexity of the system. Such a synergy\nbetween the Wigner distribution function encompassing the information in both\nreal and reciprocal space, and information being a measure of disorder, can\ncontribute into future coherent detection algorithms and remote sensing.\n
A novel WC–W2C composite synthesis by arc plasma melt cast technique: microstructural and mechanical studies (2021)

Abstract WC–W 2 C composites of three different compositions have been synthesized from mixture of WC + W (0, 5 and 16 wt% W) by thermal arc plasma melt-cast technique. Various grown phases observed in the composites consisting of major phases of WC and W 2 C and minor phases of unbound C (graphite) and tungsten (W) were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared studies. Transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy show polycrystalline nature of composites. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (of X-ray) infers the absence of any impurity in the composite. Almost porous free nature of composites were observed from X-ray micro computed tomography and BET analysis studies. WC–W 2 C composite (16 wt% W) shows 25% and 21% higher micro hardness (2535 VHN) and Young’s modulus (625 GPa) values than that of pure melt cast WC sample.
Highly sensitive electronically modulated photoacoustic spectrometer for ozone detection (2007)

An ozone (O(3)) gas sensor with a sensitivity of parts per 10(9) (ppb) level and a high level of selectivity based on the resonant photoacoustic effect was developed using an electronically modulated cw CO(2) laser beam. Quite different from the standard chopper modulation of a laser beam, here the laser source was electronically modulated to overcome the inherent problem of frequency instability associated with chopper modulation. With electronic modulation, in conjunction with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of transient signals, we were able to improve significantly the sensitivity of the photoacoustic (PA) system for the detection of O(3). In addition to the improved sensitivity, our method proved that the FFT of a laser modulated PA signal could suppress the noise signal generated by spurious window diffused absorption, which in the case of most commonly used lock-in techniques is rather unavoidable. The dependence of the PA signal on various experimental parameters such as buffer gas, laser power, modulation frequency, and trace gas concentration was investigated. In the case of buffer gas, argon proved to be more suitable than nitrogen and helium in terms of enhancing the sensitivity of the system. The limits of detection of O(3) using the 9 P(14) CO(2) laser line in our PA system are 5 parts per 10(9) by volume (ppbv) and 14 ppbv with electronic and standard chopper modulation, respectively. This detection limit of O(3) is quite applicable for detection of safe levels of O(3), at ground level.
Murine supraspinatus tendon injury model to identify the cellular origins of rotator cuff healing (2016)

The study supports the importance of the bursal side of the tendon to rotator cuff healing and PRG4 and αSMA may be markers for these progenitor cells.
Electronic effects on CO hydrogenation over Ru–metal oxide catalysts (1987)

The electronic structure of supported Ru catalysts is markedly affected by the nature of the metal oxide support, and the specific activity of CO hydrogenation increases as the electron density of the Ru particles decreases.
Adhesion and debonding of multi-layer thin film structures (1998)

A fracture mechanics technique to quantitatively measure the adhesion or interfacial fracture resistance of interfaces in thin film structures is described. Adhesion values obtained for the technologically important SiO2/TiN interface in microelectronic interconnect structures are related to a range of material, mechanical and design parameters which include interface morphology and adjacent ductile layer thickness. In addition, the interface was shown to be susceptible to environmentally-assisted subcritical debonding similar to stress corrosion cracking of SiO2 glass in moist air environments. Subcritical debonding behavior was sensitive to a range of material and design parameters, and is expected to have important implications for long term device reliability.
Relationships and distinctions in iron-regulatory networks responding to interrelated signals (2003)

Specialized cDNA-based microarrays (IronChips) were developed to investigate complex physiological gene-regulatory patterns in iron metabolism. Approximately 115 human cDNAs were strategically selected to represent genes involved either in iron metabolism or in interlinked pathways (eg, oxidative stress, nitric oxide [NO] metabolism, or copper metabolism), and were immobilized on glass slides. HeLa cells were treated with iron donors or iron chelators, or were subjected to oxidative stress (H(2)O(2)) or NO (sodium nitroprusside). In addition, we generated a stable transgenic HeLa cell line expressing the HFE gene under an inducible promoter. Gene-response patterns were recorded for all of these interrelated experimental stimuli, and analyzed for common and distinct responses that define signal-specific regulatory patterns. The resulting regulatory patterns reveal and define degrees of relationship between distinct signals. Remarkably, the gene responses elicited by the altered expression of the hemochromatosis protein HFE and by pharmacological iron chelation exhibit the highest degree of relatedness, both for iron-regulatory protein (IRP) and non-IRP target genes. This finding suggests that HFE expression directly affects the intracellular chelatable iron pool in the transgenic cell line. Furthermore, cells treated with the iron donors hemin or ferric ammonium citrate display response patterns that permit the identification of the iron-loaded state in both cases, and the discrimination between the sources of iron loading. These findings also demonstrate the broad utility of gene-expression profiling with the IronChip to study iron metabolism and related human diseases.
Study on Design of ZnO-Based Thin-Film Transistors With Optimal Mechanical Stability (2011)

실험을 통해 구현한 ZnO 기반의 투명 박막트랜지스터의 기계적 특성을 분석하고 안정성에 대한 확보방안을 제시하기 위해 FEM (Finite Element Method)을 이용하여 소자를 구성하는 브릿지 와 패드 부분에 대한 구조해석을 실시하였다. 소자의 유연성 확보를 위해 설계된 브릿지 부분의 웨이브 패턴을 구현한 결과 실험 값 대비 최대 진폭의 크기가 오차 0.5%로 실험값과 유사한 신뢰성 있는 결과 값을 얻어낼 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 브릿지와 패드 사이에 나타나는 압축 응력을 확인하였으며, 압축 응력 값을 패드에 적용하여 그 변형 정도를 분석하였다. 기계적으로 안정성을 갖는 소자를 설계하기 위해 SiO2 절연층위의 ITO 전극과 ZnO 활성 층의 위치 및 크기를 예측 하였으며, SU-8 코팅 두께를 조절함으로써 중성 역학 층 (Neutral Mechanical Plane)의 위치와 구조적 타당성에 대하여 분석하였다.
Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study (2021)

Despite a lower incidence and absolute risk of heart failure among younger compared with older people, the stronger association and greater attributable risk of modifiable risk factors among young participants highlight the importance of preventive efforts across the adult life course.
Modulation of Cyclin Expression by C-MYC in Malignant and Nonmalignant Mammary Epithelial Cells. (1995)

Abstract : We studied cell cycle control in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) with constitutive c-myc expression. Myc overexpression decreased the doubling time of MECs by 6 h compared to parental lines. A1N4 and A1N4-myc cells were arrested in GO in the absence of EGF and were allowed to re-enter the cell cycle by replacing EGF. The A1N4-myc cel 5 began to enter S phase 12 h after EGF addition and percent cells in S phase peaked at 8 in contrast, parental cells did not enter S phase until 18 h and peaked at 24 h, suggesting that the decrease in doubling time was due to shortened Gi phase. In unsynchronized cells, myc overexpression had no effect on cyclin A or Dl expression. In arrested cel 5, cyclin expression was nearly undetectable and induction closely correlated with change in cell cycle phase. Our results are in contrast to reports that myc overexpressing fibroblasts exhibited altered cyclin expression compared to parental cells. Those change were probably due to the fact that the cells were unable to withdraw from the cell cycle and became apoptotic rather than growth arrested. Myc-overexpressing MECs which do ndergo apoptosis in the absence of EGF suggest that is the case. Myc83 cells did not down-regulate cyclin expression in the absence of EGF and continued to traverse the cell cycle while becoming apoptotic.
A Novel Approach to Label-Free Sensing: Diffractive Optics Technology (dot&#174;) (2009)

Label-free detection methods have played a very significant role in drug design and refinement. They have been used primarily during secondary screening and for in-depth characterization of biomolecular interactions. Misconceptions about the accessibility of these platforms, since they often require specialized training, throughput and robustness in complex media have hampered their adoption in the earliest phases of discovery not to mention their significant and unrealized potential in qualifying reagents for high throughput screening or during novel assay development. A new wave of more cost effective, robust and accessible platforms has made significant inroads, demonstrating that significant information can be derived from these methods all along the drug discovery research continuum. One of these recent entrants, the dotLab System uses diffractive optics technology (dot) to detect biomolecular interactions and can be used for a wide variety of applications in the study of a broad spectrum of biological analytes including proteins, DNA and even microorganisms.
Carrier Specificity vs Hapten Specificity in Classical Cell-Mediated Contact Sensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene (1975)

Summary An anti-HL-A human alloantiserum contained antibodies specific for B lymphocyte alloantigen(s). These antigens were distinct from HL-A antigens and, unlike the latter, were clsely associated with B lymphcoyte Fc receptors. By analogy to the mouse, we suggest that these antigens are associated with an Ir gene region linked to the HL-A locus.
Purcell-enhanced X-ray Imaging in Ultra-thin Scintillators (2023)

We demonstrate improved X-ray imaging using nanophotonic scintillators. Our scintillators rely on Purcell enhancement for brighter and faster emission. Applying this concept in radiology and nuclear medicine could enable a significant reduction of X-ray dose.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids: The Prospects of Enzyme‐Catalyzed Glycosylation without Water (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Heterologous desensitization of the high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R1) on RBL cells (1993)

To study the properties of Fc epsilon RI desensitization induced by aggregation of that receptor, RBL cells were sensitized with a mixture of two different IgE mAb to create two different populations of IgE-receptor complexes. Cross-linking of one receptor population containing anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE with a bivalent Ag, 1-DNP-amino-12-biotinamidododecane)2-avidin ((DNP)2-avidin), results in desensitization of a subsequent response, both of the same receptor population (homologous desensitization) and of the second receptor population containing anti-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl) IgE (heterologous desensitization). The extent of heterologous desensitization is dependent on several parameters, including the concentration of both the first and the second Ag and the densities of the respective IgE populations. Heterologous desensitization of the Ca2+ response is more sensitive to the concentration of the second stimulus (dansyl-BSA) than heterologous desensitization of the degranulation response. AlF4-, which activates GTP-binding proteins, can effectively replace (DNP)2-avidin as the initial stimulant and desensitizing agent. Other agents that mobilize intracellular Ca2+ including thrombin and a Ca2+ ionophore are less effective at replacing (DNP)2-avidin. Because prestimulation with Ag does not desensitize subsequent responses to AlF4- or Ca2+ ionophore, it appears that signal transduction via Fc epsilon RI is impaired at an early step. Addition of monovalent DNP hapten within approximately 10 min after cross-linking by (DNP)2-avidin completely prevents the desensitization of the subsequent Ca2+ or degranulation response to dansyl-BSA. After longer times of incubation with DNP Ag, the DNP hapten becomes increasingly less effective at preventing the desensitization of the dansyl-BSA response, even though ongoing signal transduction by the DNP Ag is halted. These results suggest a form of cellular memory for the desensitized state.
Real-time implementation of wavelet-based Advanced Combination Encoder on PDA platforms for cochlear implant studies (2010)

This paper presents the real-time implementation of wavelet-based Advanced Combination Encoder on PDA platforms for cochlear implant studies. Three real-time implementations using the conventional FFT, our previous recursive DFT, and the wavelet transform are compared in terms of computational complexity, processing time and fixed-point accuracy. The results obtained show that this new real-time implementation on PDA platforms is computationally comparable to our previous real-time recursive DFT implementation while achieving a higher accuracy or a lower quantization error.
Luminal disequilibrium pH and ammonia transport in outer medullary collecting duct (1987)

We measured bicarbonate, ammonia, and luminal pH in segments of the rabbit outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) to determine the relationship between luminal pH and ammonia transport. Both the inner-stripe and outer-stripe portions of the OMCD absorbed bicarbonate at high rates. The outer stripe OMCD generated an acidic pH disequilibrium that was reversibly dissipated by exogenous luminal carbonic anhydrase. In contrast, the inner stripe OMCD did not generate a spontaneous pH disequilibrium unless perfused with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. Ammonia secretion was three times more rapid in the outer stripe OMCD than in the inner stripe OMCD. We conclude the following. 1) Both the inner-stripe and outer-stripe portions of the rabbit OMCD secrete protons at substantial rates. 2) Functional luminal carbonic anhydrase is present in the inner stripe OMCD but absent from the outer stripe OMCD. 3) Ammonia secretion occurs predominantly by NH3, diffusion in both portions. 4) The luminal pH disequilibrium, which is normally present in the outer stripe OMCD, enhances ammonia secretion. ammonia; ammonium; bicarbonate; diffusion trapping; nonionic diffusion; carbonic anhydrase; disequilibrium pH; fluorescence spectroscopy; hydrogen ion secretion; carbonic acid; acetazolamide; heterogeneity Submitted on September 15, 1986 Accepted on January 15, 1987
Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) of “bath salt” cathinone drug mixtures (2013)

Rapid and versatile direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) methods were developed for detection and characterization of synthetic cathinone designer drugs, also known as "bath salts". The speed and efficiency associated with DART-MS testing of such highly unpredictable samples demonstrate the technique as an attractive alternative to conventional GC-MS and LC-MS methods. A series of isobaric and closely related synthetic cathinones, alone and in mixtures, were differentiated using high mass accuracy and in-source collision induced dissociation (CID). Crime laboratories have observed a dramatic rise in the use of these substances, which has caused sample testing backlogs, particularly since the myriad of structurally related compounds are challenging to efficiently differentiate. This challenge is compounded by the perpetual emergence of new structural variants as soon as older generation derivatives become scheduled. Because of the numerous chemical substances that fall into these categories, along with the varying composition and complexity of mixtures of these drugs, DART-MS CID has the potential to dramatically streamline sample analysis, minimize the number of sample preparation steps, and enable rapid characterization of emerging structural analogs.