gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potent Vaccine Therapy with Dendritic Cells Genetically Modified by the Gene-Silencing-Resistant Retroviral Vector GCDNsap (2005)

Dendritic cells (DCs) genetically modified to express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) would be promising tools in cancer immunotherapy. However, the use of retroviral vectors for such modifications is still a challenge because of low transduction efficiency and gene silencing in DCs. We have established an efficient method to prepare such DCs by in vitro differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells transduced with chicken ovalbumin (OVA) cDNA via the gene-silencing-resistant retroviral vector GCDNsap packaged in vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. When c-KIT(+)/lineage(-) cells were transduced with OVA followed by expansion and differentiation, more than 90% of mature DCs expressed the transgene. Mice inoculated with those cells completely rejected the OVA-expressing tumor E.G7-OVA, and the anti-tumor effects were stronger than those observed in mice inoculated with the same number of OVA peptide-pulsed DCs. The mice harbored more cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against E.G7-OVA and produced antibody against OVA, suggesting the generation of multiple CTLs recognizing different OVA epitopes and OVA-specific CD4(+) T cells. Successive inoculations of the transduced DCs in a therapeutic setting eradicated preexisting E.G7-OVA and prevented the progression of retransplanted tumors. Thus, this vaccine therapy may represent a potent immunotherapeutic approach for various malignant tumors that express suitable TAAs.
Immunodominance: a single amino acid substitution within an antigenic site alters intramolecular selection of T cell determinants. (1993)

The mechanism of immunodominance was studied by mutating a single amino acid residue within an immunodominant determinant of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease (Nase). Residues 81 to 100, which can be further reduced to 86 to 100, were determined to be the immunodominant determinant of Nase in H-2k mice. By introducing selected single amino acid substitutions into the peptide encompassing residues 86 to 100 (p86-100), residue 90 was shown to be one of the critical amino acids for T cell recognition, inasmuch as most of the T cells recognizing p86-100 do not respond to a p86-100 analog with a substitution of leucine for alanine at the residue 90. A mutant of Nase with a replacement of alanine by leucine at residue 90 (A90L) was constructed, and for A90L region 112 to 130, which is a subdominant determinant in Nase, becomes immunodominant. Although unable to respond to Nase, T cells primed in vivo with the peptides covering various cryptic determinants proliferate when challenged with A90L in vitro. Our results suggest that at the protein level there is competition among potential T cell determinants of protein Ag for binding to MHC molecules, and that this competition plays a role in determining which determinant may become immunodominant.
DeepRadiologyNet: Radiologist Level Pathology Detection in CT Head Images (2017)

We describe a system to automatically filter clinically significant findings from computerized tomography (CT) head scans, operating at performance levels exceeding that of practicing radiologists. Our system, named DeepRadiologyNet, builds on top of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained using approximately 3.5 million CT head images gathered from over 24,000 studies taken from January 1, 2015 to August 31, 2015 and January 1, 2016 to April 30 2016 in over 80 clinical sites. For our initial system, we identified 30 phenomenological traits to be recognized in the CT scans. To test the system, we designed a clinical trial using over 4.8 million CT head images (29,925 studies), completely disjoint from the training and validation set, interpreted by 35 US Board Certified radiologists with specialized CT head experience. We measured clinically significant error rates to ascertain whether the performance of DeepRadiologyNet was comparable to or better than that of US Board Certified radiologists. DeepRadiologyNet achieved a clinically significant miss rate of 0.0367% on automatically selected high-confidence studies. Thus, DeepRadiologyNet enables significant reduction in the workload of human radiologists by automatically filtering studies and reporting on the high-confidence ones at an operating point well below the literal error rate for US Board Certified radiologists, estimated at 0.82%.
Observation of Two NewΞb−Baryon Resonances (2015)

Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the Ξ(b)(0)π(-) mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb(-1), recorded by the LHCb experiment. In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content bds are expected in this mass region: the spin-parity J(P)=(1/2)(+) and J(P)=(3/2)(+) states, denoted Ξ(b)('-) and Ξ(b)(*-). Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass differences and the width of the heavier state to be m(Ξ(b)('-))-m(Ξ(b)(0))-m(π(-))=3.653±0.018±0.006 MeV/c(2), m(Ξ(b)(*-))-m(Ξ(b)(0))-m(π(-))=23.96±0.12±0.06 MeV/c(2), Γ(Ξ(b)(*-))=1.65±0.31±0.10 MeV, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of Γ(Ξ(b)('-))<0.08 MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative production rates of these states are also reported.
Unsupervised lexicon induction for clause-level detection of evaluations (2011)

Abstract This article proposes clause-level evaluation detection , which is a fine-grained type of opinion mining, and describes an unsupervised lexicon building method for capturing domain-specific knowledge by leveraging the similar polarities of sentiments between adjacent clauses. The lexical entries to be acquired are called polar atoms , the minimum human-understandable syntactic structures that specify the polarity of clauses. As a hint to obtain candidate polar atoms, we use context coherency , the tendency for the same polarity to appear successively in a context. Using the overall density and precision of coherency in the corpus, the statistical estimation picks up appropriate polar atoms from among the candidates, without any manual tuning of the threshold values. The experimental results show that the precision of polarity assignment with the automatically acquired lexicon was 83 per cent on average, and our method is robust for corpora in diverse domains and for the size of the initial lexicon.
Dual‐Layer Semi‐Insulating GaN Substrates Doped with Fe, C, or Mn (2022)

The compatibility of impurity doping and the suppression of residual stress are crucial for fabricating a semi‐insulating GaN (SI‐GaN) substrate. Herein, a new method to fabricate several SI‐GaN substrates, including a dual‐layer SI‐GaN substrate comprising upper ≈100 μm‐thick GaN doped with Fe, C, or Mn and a lower ≈300 μm‐thick unintentionally doped GaN, using hydride vapor‐phase epitaxy is proposed. As a result, substrates doped with Fe, C, or Mn are successfully produced without cracks and pits. Resistivities around a doping concentration of ≈10 18 cm −3 are up to 6.6 × 10 8 , &gt;10 12 , and &gt;10 12 Ω cm at room temperature, respectively. The residual stress of the dual‐layer SI‐GaN film is also evaluated.
Artificial Intelligence in Meta-optics (2022)

Recent years have witnessed promising artificial intelligence (AI) applications in many disciplines, including optics, engineering, medicine, economics, and education. In particular, the synergy of AI and meta-optics has greatly benefited both fields. Meta-optics are advanced flat optics with novel functions and light-manipulation abilities. The optical properties can be engineered with a unique design to meet various optical demands. This review offers comprehensive coverage of meta-optics and artificial intelligence in synergy. After providing an overview of AI and meta-optics, we categorize and discuss the recent developments integrated by these two topics, namely AI for meta-optics and meta-optics for AI. The former describes how to apply AI to the research of meta-optics for design, simulation, optical information analysis, and application. The latter reports the development of the optical Al system and computation via meta-optics. This review will also provide an in-depth discussion of the challenges of this interdisciplinary field and indicate future directions. We expect that this review will inspire researchers in these fields and benefit the next generation of intelligent optical device design.
Investigation of Hybrid-MIMO Configurations for Office Docking in the 60 GHz Band. (2019)

This work focuses on comparison of physical layer performance for 60GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, when advancing from single-input single-output (SISO) systems to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). Simulation results of 60GHz indoor hybrid-MIMO (H-MIMO) channels for the specific application of office docking are presented. Three different transceiver configurations are investigated: A SISO configuration consisting of a single analog precoder, antenna array and radio frequency (RF) chain; second, a H-MIMO configuration with two RF chains, each feeding an analog precoder and a single antenna array; and third, a configuration with two spatially separated antenna arrays each connected to a dedicated analog precoder and RF chain. Simulations are conducted based on the IEEE 802.11ay (11ay) channel model featuring a ray-tracing based quasi deterministic (QD) approach. For analog precoding and combining, a codebook based low complexity algorithm is used that is well aligned to the two stage beamforming scheme defined in 11ay. All configurations are compared with respect to achievable mutual information and scenario specific parameters like device position and orientation. Results show that H-MIMO increases the mean rates by up to ~ 62.9% with spatial separation when compared to the SISO case.
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF POLYMER SUPPORTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. VIII. SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS S OF INSECT SEX ATTRACTANTS (1977)

Abstract Die aus dem (vemetzten Divinylbenzol‐Styrol‐) Copolymeren (Ia) mit entsprechenden Diolen erhältlichen Alkohole (Ib) bzw. deren Mesylate (Ic) werden über die Stufen (III) und (IV) zu den cis‐Alkenylacetaten (Va) [Sexuallockstoff (SL) von Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)], (Vb) [SL von Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)] bzw. (Vc) [SL von Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) ] umgesetzt [Ausbeuten, bezogen auf (Ia), 27‐36%; daneben jeweils als Nebenprodukte die entsprechenden trans‐Isomeren 1. In einem zweiten Syntheseweg werden die ‐ analog (Ib) dargestellten ‐ Alkohole (VI) sowie (Ib)(m: l0) durch Wittigreaktion der Oxidationsprodukte (VII) über die Stufen (IX) ebenfalls in (Va), (Vb) sowie in das Alkenylacetat (X) [ SL von Archips semiferanus (Walker) übergeführt . Für (X) wird ferner ein weiterer Syntheseweg, ausgehend von (Ic)(m: l0), beschrieben, der mit hoher cis‐Stereoselektivität ( 91%) verläuft.
Fabrication and applications of stimuli‐responsive micro/nanopillar arrays (2021)

Abstract The functional surface features of living creatures are driven by the complex morphology of periodically arranged micro/nanoscale structures. Various fabrication processes have been devised mimic the performance of natural features; these methods morph hierarchical and multi‐leveled pillar arrays, such as top‐down, bottom‐up, and a hybrid of top‐down and bottom‐up processes. Different methodologies are employed depending on the materials, such as polymeric composites, metal oxides, metals, and carbon nanotubes. In this review, we discuss the shape‐reconfiguration of stimuli‐responsive micro/nanopillar arrays achieved by capillary force, light, magnetic field, and heat. In particular, photo‐ and magnetic actuation of pillar arrays revealed programmability according to the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules or magnetic particles by remote control. Furthermore, applications of micro/nanopillar arrays, such as adhesives, omniphobicity, optics, and biomedical technologies, are also discussed.
Phosphorylation Analysis of 90 kDa Heat Shock Protein within the Cytosolic Arylhydrocarbon Receptor Complex (2004)

The arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the transcription of genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and also mediates most of the toxic effects caused by dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The cytosolic AhR complex exists as a transcriptionally cryptic complex, consisting of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) and the hepatitis B virus X-associated protein 2 (XAP2). The posttranslational modifications, especially phosphorylation, of the cytosolic AhR-HSP90-XAP2 complex are poorly understood, although the phosphorylation of a transcriptionally active heterodimer of AhR and an AhR nuclear translocator is critically involved in AhR function. To reveal the phosphorylation status involved in AhR function, we used mass spectrometry to determine the site-specific phosphorylation of the steady-state cytosolic AhR complex, prepared from Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing mouse AhR. We identified phosphorylations of the HSP90 subunits within the AhR complex at Ser225 and Ser254 of HSP90beta and Ser230 of HSP90alpha. By site-directed mutagenesis, these serine residues were substituted with alanine and glutamic acid to elucidate the role of the HSP90beta serine phosphorylations in the AhR function. Immunoprecipitation assays using COS7 transfectants showed that the replacement of Ser225 and Ser254 by Ala, S225/254A, increased the binding affinity for AhR, as compared with the Glu replacement. In a ligand-induced AhR transcription activity assay using Hepa1 transfectants, the S255/254A mutant exhibited more potent transcription activity than the S225/254E mutant, which had activity similar to that of wild-type HSP90beta. These results suggest that the phosphorylations in the charged linker region of the HSP90 molecule modulate the formation of the functional cytosolic AhR complex.
Digital European Cordless Telecommunications system blind slot algorithm evaluation results (2002)

The use of extra system information, which may be available but is not mandatory within the latest specification to aid the system with link establishments and handover procedures, is discussed. A model of the Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) system, which could be considered a simple cell system in a high-density office environment, is described. Experimental results indicate that the introduction of the fast algorithm in terminal equipment reduces the time taken for a link to be established. The model confirms that the inclusion of blind slot algorithms in the design of DECT portables call considerably reduce link establishment times, compared with the simplest algorithms possible within the CI specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Direct (Re)Meshing for Efficient Surface Processing (2006)

Abstract We propose a novel surface remeshing algorithm. While many remeshing algorithms are based on global parametrization or local mesh optimization, our algorithm is closely related to surface reconstruction techniques and it requires no explicit parameterization. Our approach is based on the advancing‐front paradigm, and it can be used to both incrementally remesh the complete surface, or simply to remesh a portion of it with a high‐quality mesh. It is accurate, fast, robust, and suitable for use with interactive mesh processing applications that require local remeshing. We show a number of applications, including matching the resolution of meshes when doing Boolean operations such as unions and intersections. We also show how to adapt the algorithm to blend and merge mixed‐mode objects — for example, to compute the union of a point‐set surface and a triangle mesh.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective 1,2‐Additions to α‐Ketoesters with Diborylmethane and Substituted 1,1‐Diborylalkanes (2016)

Abstract The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of boronate‐substituted tertiary alcohols through additions of diborylmethane and substituted 1,1‐diborylalkanes to α‐ketoesters is reported. The reactions are catalyzed by readily available chiral phosphine/copper(I) complexes and produce β‐hydroxyboronates containing up to two contiguous stereogenic centers in up to 99:1 e.r. and greater than 20:1 d.r. The utility of the organoboron products is demonstrated through several chemoselective functionalizations. Evidence indicates the reactions occur via an enantioenriched α‐boryl‐copper‐alkyl intermediate.
The &#x03B7;&#x2212;&#x03BC;/IG distribution: A novel physical multipath/shadowing fading model (2013)

The aim of this work is the formulation and derivation of the η-μ/Inverse Gaussian composite distribution which corresponds to a physical fading model. The η-μ distribution is a generalized small-scale fading model which accounts effectively for non-line-of-sight scenarios and includes as special cases the widely known Nakagami-m, Rayleigh, Hoyt and one sided Gaussian distributions. Similarly, the inverse Gaussian (IG) distribution is a convenient model which was recently shown to characterize shadowing more efficiently than the widely used gamma distribution. To this effect, the proposed η-μ/IG model provides an overall efficient characterization of multipath and shadowing effects which typically occur simultaneously. The offered modelling accuracy is achieved thanks to the remarkable flexibility of its parameters. This is also verified by the fact that the proposed model is capable of providing good fittings to experimental data that correspond to realistic wireless communication scenarios while they include as special cases the widely known Nakagami-m/IG, Rayleigh/IG and Hoyt/IG composite fading models. Novel analytic expressions are derived for the envelope and power probability density function (pdf) of the η-μ/IG model. The derived expressions can be utilized in various studies in radio communications, free space optical communications and ultrasound imaging, among others. Indicatively, an analytic expression is derived for the outage probability (OP) of η-μ/IG fading channels.
Fine-Tuning Strain and Electronic Activation of Strain-Promoted 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions with Endocyclic Sulfamates in SNO-OCTs (2017)

The ability to achieve predictable control over the polarization of strained cycloalkynes can influence their behavior in subsequent reactions, providing opportunities to increase both rate and chemoselectivity. A series of new heterocyclic strained cyclooctynes containing a sulfamate backbone (SNO-OCTs) were prepared under mild conditions by employing ring expansions of silylated methyleneaziridines. SNO-OCT derivative 8 outpaced even a difluorinated cyclooctyne in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with benzylazide. The various orbital interactions of the propargylic and homopropargylic heteroatoms in SNO-OCT were explored both experimentally and computationally. The inclusion of these heteroatoms had a positive impact on stability and reactivity, where electronic effects could be utilized to relieve ring strain. The choice of the heteroatom combinations in various SNO-OCTs significantly affected the alkyne geometries, thus illustrating a new strategy for modulating strain via remote substituents. Additionally, this unique heteroatom activation was capable of accelerating the rate of reaction of SNO-OCT with diazoacetamide over azidoacetamide, opening the possibility of further method development in the context of chemoselective, bioorthogonal labeling.
Simultaneous Reconstitution of Multiple CMV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Populations with Divergent Functionality in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. (2004)

Abstract Recent studies using direct stimulation of PBMC from CMV-positive individuals with optimal CTL epitope peptides have identified new antigens that are targets of the host immune response. The growing number of targets of the cellular immune response has prompted an evaluation of which antigens are potentially associated with protective immunity. A panel of seven human cytomegalovirus (CMV) epitope peptides and the corresponding MHC-I tetramers was used to evaluate cellular immunity in six healthy seropositive donors and in six hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (HSCT). Broad CMV-specific responses were found to epitopes within several CMV polypeptides that were restricted by multiple HLA alleles in several individuals. The results document the simultaneous expansion of several of these CD8+ T-lymphocyte populations following allogeneic HSCT. The combined levels of CMV epitope-specific T-cells exceeded 20% of CD8+ T-lymphocytes in some individuals. The cytotoxic functionality of 26 different populations of CMV-specific T-lymphocytes detected within this group of 12 individuals was addressed by utilizing a recently described assay that measures transient surface levels of the lysosomal membrane proteins LAMP-1 (CD107a) and LAMP 2 (CD107b) after peptide stimulation. This degranulation/mobilization assay can be combined with tetramer staining of antigen-specific CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and has potential as a surrogate marker for cytotoxic function. We found that a significant proportion of CD8+ T-lymphocytes specific for epitopes within the CMV pp65 and pp50 gene products had functional potential as measured by this assay (median percentage of cells within 14 T-cell populations staining with pp65 or pp50 tetramers that degranulated on stimulation with cognate peptide = 26.0% and 19.8%). By contrast, CD8+ T-lymphocytes specific for epitopes within the CMV IE-1 gene product had markedly reduced functionality (median percentage of cells within 12 T-cell populations staining with IE-1 tetramers that degranulated on stimulation with cognate peptide = 5.6%). This difference was significant (p= 0.003 by an F-test after adjusting for HLA and using interaction of subjects and epitopes as the error). This reduced degranulation efficiency of IE-1-specific T cells is consistent with their inefficient cytotoxic recognition of CMV-infected autologous fibroblasts. Further characterization of this functional dichotomy includes comparison of cell surface marker phenotype and cytokine release in response to antigenic presentation. These functional differences between T-lymphocyte populations within the same individual have implications for choosing antigens that are both protective and necessary to include in a CMV vaccine for transplant patients at risk for infectious complications after viral reactivation.
Structure-Selective Recognition by Voltammetry:  Enantiomeric Determination of Amines Using Azophenolic Crowns in Aprotic Solvent (2006)

The enantiomeric recognition of amines by voltammetry using electroactive macrocyclic molecules, nitroazophenolic crown ethers, is reported. The oxidation potential of the nitroazophenol moiety in nitroazophenols with 18-crown-6 sensitively depends on the structure of alkyl amines. Based on this phenomenon, enantiomeric amines and even the quantitative assay of the R/S ratio in enantiomeric mixtures can be selectively recognized by using 18-crown-6 azophenol (3-H) with chiral centers. In the case of phenylglycinol, the association constants (K) of 3-H for the R and S forms have an R/S value of 3.5. The peak potential of the R form in square-wave voltammograms reproducibly differs from that of the S form by 32 mV, within which the peak potential linearly varies with the enantiomeric ratio. Free energy perturbation and molecular dynamics simulation provide deeper understanding of the enantiomeric recognition in this system. The theoretical analysis indicates that the free energy difference between diastereomeric complexes agrees well with the experimental results, and the pi-pi or charge-charge interaction plays a key role in enantiomeric recognition.