gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Organocadmium Alkylations of Substituted Quinones. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Designing a Soluble PEDOT Analogue without Surfactants or Dispersants (2016)

Copolymerization of alkoxy-functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes (ProDOTs) with unfunctionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes (EDOTs) in varying ratios using direct arylation yields a series of solution processable polymers with highly tunable optical and electronic properties. Within this series, we have identified ProDOT–EDOT2, a copolymer containing 67% EDOT compositionally, that combines the low oxidation potential, the redox behavior, and the deep-blue neutral color that are characteristic of PEDOT with the high solubility, exceptional electrochromic contrast, and color neutrality in the oxidized state characteristic of alkoxy-functionalized PProDOTs.
Enhancement of Nonlinear Optical Scattering by Gold Nanoparticles through Aggregation‐Induced Plasmon Coupling in the Near‐Infrared (2019)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are regarded as promising building blocks in functional nanomaterials for sensing, drug delivery and catalysis. One remarkable property of these particles is the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which gives rise to augmented optical properties through local field enhancement. LSPR also influences the nonlinear optical properties of metal NPs (MNPs) making them potentially interesting candidates for fast, high resolution nonlinear optical imaging. In this work we characterize and discuss the wavelength dependence of the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) behavior of spherical gold nanoparticles (GNP) and gold nanorods (GNR) in solution, from 850 nm up to 1300 nm, covering the near-infrared (NIR) window relevant for deep tissue imaging. The high-resolution spectral data allows discriminating between HRS and two photon photoluminescence contributions. Upon particle aggregation, we measured very large enhancements (ca. 10<sup>4</sup> ) of the HRS intensity in the NIR, which is explained by considering aggregation-induced plasmon coupling effects and local field enhancement. These results indicate that purposely designed coupled nanostructures could prove advantageous for nonlinear optical imaging and biosensing applications.
Electrochemical Charge Storage Properties of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films: Effects of Thermal Oxidation (2012)

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) films were synthesized and investigated in vitro for their potential use as a neural stimulation electrode. Materials and electrochemical (EC) characterization (cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and high-rate potential transient measurements) were performed before and after flash oxidation in O2 at various temperatures and over a wide frequency range. The results showed distinct EC behavior within three ranges of treatment temperature. Oxidative thermal treatments that did not visibly etch the VACNT film caused a significant improvement in electrode performance compared to the as-deposited electrode. Surprisingly, flash oxidation within a narrow temperature range (400 < T ≤ 450 °C) selectively increased capacitance/charge injection at high frequencies (102–104 Hz). A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the temperature-dependent behavior and indicates the importance of modifying a porous coating to increase the charging rate rather than maximizing the total charge accumulated at long times for high-rate charge storage applications.
Joint channel estimation and symbol detection for space time block coding systems. (2007)

Orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) in multiple-antenna wireless systems has recently emerged as one of the most promising reliability-enhancing technologies for high-speed, high-quality data services. In this paper, we propose a technique to achieve joint channel estimation and symbol detection for OSTBC in frequency-selective fading channels. The key observation is that a multiple-input-single-output system, which is using OSTBC, can be transformed into an equivalent single-input-multiple-output system using the implicit redundancy in OSTBC. This allows a probabilistic method, known as the Baum-Welch algorithm, to be applied at each output branch. As each output branch is a function of the same input, redundant information may be exchanged between the multiple branches to improve detection performance. The proposed technique does not require multiple antennas at the receiver and only has moderate computational complexity. Furthermore, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) is also developed to facilitate performance analysis. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Synthesis of Poly(oxoammonium salt)s and Their Electrical Properties in the Organic Thin Film Device (2009)

Abstract Two redox-active poly(oxoammonium salt)s were synthesized via chemical oxidation of a TEMPO-substituted polymer, or conventional radical polymerization of the oxoammonium monomer, respectively. The diode-structured thin film device composed of poly(oxoammonium salt) with radical conc. of 6–43% exhibited a resistive switching behavior (ON–OFF ratio &amp;gt;103), in contrast to the radical-free poly(oxoammonium salt), which revealed that the coexistence of radical/oxoammonium salts contributed to a significant change in I–V characteristics.
Infrared Topological Plasmons in Graphene (2017)

We propose a two-dimensional plasmonic platform-periodically patterned monolayer graphene-which hosts topological one-way edge states operable up to infrared frequencies. We classify the band topology of this plasmonic system under time-reversal-symmetry breaking induced by a static magnetic field. At finite doping, the system supports topologically nontrivial band gaps with mid-gap frequencies up to tens of terahertz. By the bulk-edge correspondence, these band gaps host topologically protected one-way edge plasmons, which are immune to backscattering from structural defects and subject only to intrinsic material and radiation loss. Our findings reveal a promising approach to engineer topologically robust chiral plasmonic devices and demonstrate a realistic example of high-frequency topological edge states.
Formally Deprecating Some ICMPv4 Message Types (2013)

A number of ICMPv4 message types have become obsolete in practice, but
have never been formally deprecated. This document deprecates such
ICMPv4 message types, thus cleaning up the corresponding IANA
registry. Additionally, it updates RFC 792 and RFC 950, obsoletes RFC
1788, and requests the RFC Editor to change the status of RFC 1788 to
Historic.
[Evaluation of functional and anatomical changes in the macula after surgery for retro-foveal neovascularization of membranes in age-related macular degeneration]. (2000)

After a short term follow up, surgery can stabilise visual acuity, even though it remains poor. A worsening of the scotoma in the 3 degrees surrounding the central point is observed. However, patients noticed a subjective visual improvement in 62% of the case.
Real-time Data Center Energy Efficiency At Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2009)

The escalating consumption of power in data centers worldwide has brought the issue of data center energy efficiency to the forefront. Data center owners and operators now regard detailed knowledge of the energy efficiencies of their data centers as a competitive advantage. With funding from the Department of Energy (NNSA), PNNL has undertaken an in-depth analysis of the real-time energy efficiency for its Energy Smart Data Center Test Bed(ESDC-TB), which is housed in the mixed-use EMSL. The analysis is centered around the real-time display of The Green Grid’s proposed DCiE metric. To calculate this metric, PNNL relies on a variety of sources of data. At the ESDC-TB level, the data center is instrumented to the 100% level (all power consumption, and water temperatures and flow rates are measured). Most of this data is monitored in real-time, but the exception to this is with the CRAHs, which rely on a one-time power consumption measurement for the blowers (these are single speed blowers, so a one-time measurement suffices.). Outside of the data center (EMSL facility level), PNNL relies on the following: • Real-time data from the entire chiller plant (five chillers), six chilled water pumps, and one of four cooling towers (blowersmore » only). • One-time power measurements for a single fixed speed pump that is representative of each grouping of pumps (the other pumps are assumed to possess the same power consumption levels). • One-time power measurements for a single two-speed cooling tower blower. This same blower model is deployed in three of the four cooling towers, so is assumed to be representative for all these blowers. • One-time power measurements for a single fixed speed cooling tower pump. This same pump model is deployed in all four cooling towers, so is assumed to be representative for all these pumps. A software tool named FRED was developed by PNNL to acquire, reduce, display, and archive all the data acquired from the ESDC-TB and EMSL. FRED provides the ability to display various levels of real-time data starting at the ESDC-TB and EMSL levels, then to lower levels as desired. For example, for the ESDC-TB, graphical screens are provided at the data center level, the rack level, the server level, and even the component level. In the near-term, FRED will also display the real-time DCiE. One of the major challenges to doing this in a mixed-use facility has been to quantify the power consumption of each major mechanical or electrical subsystem that is attributable to the IT equipment housed within the ESDC-TB (i.e., NW-ICE). PNNL has tackled this issue for its five chiller plant, and the analysis is presented in the paper. The analysis for all the remaining mechanical and electrical subsystems is now underway and will be presented in future publications.« less
Time-resolved, in vivo studies of mitotic spindle formation and nuclear lamina breakdown in Drosophila early embryos (1996)

Time-resolved, two-component, three-dimensional fluorescence light microscopy imaging in living Drosophila early embryos is used to demonstrate that a large fraction of the nuclear envelope lamins remain localized to a rim in the nuclear periphery until well into metaphase. The process of lamin delocalization and dispersal, typical of 'open' forms of mitosis, does not begin until about the time the final, metaphase geometry of the mitotic spindle is attained. Lamin dispersal is completed about the time that the chromosomal movements of anaphase begin. This pattern of nuclear lamina breakdown appears to be intermediate between traditional designations of 'open' and 'closed' mitoses. These results thus clarify earlier observations of lamins in mitosis in fixed Drosophila early embryos, clearly showing that the observed lamin localization does not result from a structurally defined 'spindle envelope' that persists throughout mitosis. During this extended time interval of lamin localization in the nuclear periphery, the lamina undergoes an extensive series of structural rearrangements that are closely coupled to, and likely driven by, the movements of the centrosomes and microtubules that produce the mitotic spindle. Furthermore, throughout this time the nuclear envelope structure is permeable to large macromolecules, which are excluded in interphase. While the functional significance of these structural dynamics is not yet clear, it is consistent with a functional role for the lamina in mitotic spindle formation.
Robust watermarking of point-sampled geometry (2004)

We present a new scheme for digital watermarking of point-sampled geometry based on spectral analysis. By extending existing algorithms designed for polygonal data to unstructured point clouds, our method is particularly suited for scanned models, where the watermark can be directly embedded in the raw data obtained from the 3D acquisition device. To handle large data sets efficiently, we apply a fast hierarchical clustering algorithm that partitions the model into a set of patches. Each patch is mapped into the space of eigenfunctions of an approximate Laplacian operator to obtain a decomposition of the patch surface into discrete frequency bands. The watermark is then embedded into the low frequency components to minimize visual artifacts in the model geometry. During extraction, the target model is resampled at optimal resolution using an MLS projection. After extracting a watermark from this model, the corresponding bit stream is analyzed using statistical methods based on correlation. We have applied our method to a number of point-sampled models of different geometric and topological complexity. These experiments show that our watermarking scheme is robust against numerous attacks, including low-pass filtering, resampling, affine transformations, cropping, additive random noise, and combinations of the above.
Hermann Fränkel, Wege und Formen frühgriechischen Denkens. Literarische und philosophiegeschichtliche Studien (1961)

Mertens Paul. Hermann Fränkel, Wege und Formen frühgriechischen Denkens. Literarische und philosophiegeschichtliche Studien. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 30, fasc. 1, 1961. pp. 197-198.
Enhanced stimulated Raman scattering during intense laser propagation (2022)

Stimulated Raman scattering is ubiquitous in many high-intensity laser environments. Parametric four-wave mixing between the pump and Raman sidebands can affect the Raman gain, but stringent phase matching requirements and strongly nonlinear dynamics obscure clear understanding of its effects at high laser powers. Here we investigate four-wave mixing in the presence of strong self-focusing and weak ionization at laser powers above the Kerr critical power. Theoretical analysis shows that the plasma generated at focus naturally leads to phase matching conditions suitable for enhanced Raman gain, almost without regard to the initial phase mismatch. Multidimensional nonlinear optical simulations with multiphoton and collisional ionization confirm the enhancement and suggest that it may lead to significantly higher Raman losses in some high-intensity laser environments.
ResNEsts and DenseNEsts: Block-based DNN Models with Improved Representation Guarantees (2021)

Models recently used in the literature proving residual networks (ResNets) are better than linear predictors are actually different from standard ResNets that have been widely used in computer vision. In addition to the assumptions such as scalar-valued output or single residual block, the models fundamentally considered in the literature have no nonlinearities at the final residual representation that feeds into the final affine layer. To codify such a difference in nonlinearities and reveal a linear estimation property, we define ResNEsts, i.e., Residual Nonlinear Estimators, by simply dropping nonlinearities at the last residual representation from standard ResNets. We show that wide ResNEsts with bottleneck blocks can always guarantee a very desirable training property that standard ResNets aim to achieve, i.e., adding more blocks does not decrease performance given the same set of basis elements. To prove that, we first recognize ResNEsts are basis function models that are limited by a coupling problem in basis learning and linear prediction. Then, to decouple prediction weights from basis learning, we construct a special architecture termed augmented ResNEst (A-ResNEst) that always guarantees no worse performance with the addition of a block. As a result, such an A-ResNEst establishes empirical risk lower bounds for a ResNEst using corresponding bases. Our results demonstrate ResNEsts indeed have a problem of diminishing feature reuse; however, it can be avoided by sufficiently expanding or widening the input space, leading to the above-mentioned desirable property. Inspired by the densely connected networks (DenseNets) that have been shown to outperform ResNets, we also propose a corresponding new model called Densely connected Nonlinear Estimator (DenseNEst). We show that any DenseNEst can be represented as a wide ResNEst with bottleneck blocks. Unlike ResNEsts, DenseNEsts exhibit the desirable property without any special architectural re-design.
Deep Implicit Volume Compression (2020)

We describe a novel approach for compressing truncated signed distance fields (TSDF) stored in 3D voxel grids, and their corresponding textures. To compress the TSDF, our method relies on a block-based neural network architecture trained end-to-end, achieving state-of-the-art rate-distortion trade-off. To prevent topological errors, we losslessly com- press the signs of the TSDF, which also upper bounds the reconstruction error by the voxel size. To compress the corresponding texture, we designed a fast block-based UV parameterization, generating coherent texture maps that can be effectively compressed using existing video compression algorithms. We demonstrate the performance of our algo- rithms on two 4D performance capture datasets, reducing bitrate by 66% for the same distortion, or alternatively re- ducing the distortion by 50% for the same bitrate, compared to the state-of-the-art.
POROSITY DEVELOPMENT DURING HEAT TREATMENT OF ALUMINUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS (1987)

The development of a sub-surface layer of porosity during heat treatment has been studied in a variety of Al-Li alloys. Pure binary Al-Li alloys and three commercial materials were heat treated in air, vacuum and hydrogen for various lengths of time. Subsequent metallographic sectioning and polishing revealed the presence of a band of pores in the near-surface region extending approximately 300 µm into the sample after a 16 h heat treatment. This band of porosity is thought to arise from a Kirkendall effect due to the loss of lithium during heat treatment of the sample. The evolution of the spatial distribution of these pores was characterized with a quantitative image analyzer. The effects of prior surface preparation were also determined. The results showed that structural defects influenced pore nucleation and that environmental factors were also significant. A simultaneous pore healing process also occurred immediately adjacent to the external surface.
Effect of multiple patient reminders in improving diabetic retinopathy screening. A randomized trial. (1999)

Multiple patient reminders are more effective than single reminders in improving DRE rates in a managed care setting. However, the improvement noted was clinically small and appeared only after the second reminder; no incremental improvement was seen with additional reminders. Resources used for multiple reminders aimed at diabetic retinopathy might better be spent on other approaches to reducing complications of diabetes.
Hybrid equalized partial response path-feedback maximum likelihood toward higher density Blu-ray disc (2005)

Recently, high density optical recording systems like BD (Blu-ray disc) have been standardized regarding a PRML (partial response maximum likelihood) signal processing technology, which has been thoroughly investigated on high density magnetic recording channels for many years. In order to gain a margin of optical disc drives, PFML (path-feedback maximum likelihood), which is also known as adaptive Viterbi, has been also developed in recent years. In this paper, we propose a new signal processing system, which equalizes the waveform causally, enhances the performance of the PFML detector and provides a stable PLL (phase locked loop) towards much higher density formats than standard BDs.
Data from Tumor Evolution Inferred by Patterns of microRNA Expression through the Course of Disease, Therapy, and Recurrence in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Molecular evolution of tumors during progression, therapy, and metastasis is a major clinical challenge and the main reason for resistance to therapy. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) that exhibit similar variation of expression through the course of disease in several patients have a significant function in the tumorigenic process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental design:&lt;/b&gt; Exploration of evolving disease by profiling 800 miRNA expression from serial samples of individual breast cancer patients at several time points: pretreatment, posttreatment, lymph nodes, and recurrence sites when available (58 unique samples from 19 patients). Using a dynamic approach for analysis, we identified expression modulation patterns and classified varying miRNAs into one of the eight possible temporal expression patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The various patterns were found to be associated with different tumorigenic pathways. The dominant pattern identified an miRNA set that significantly differentiated between disease stages, and its pattern in each patient was also associated with response to therapy. These miRNAs were related to tumor proliferation and to the cell-cycle pathway, and their mRNA targets showed anticorrelated expression. Interestingly, the level of these miRNAs was lowest in matched recurrent samples from distant metastasis, indicating a gradual increase in proliferative potential through the course of disease. Finally, the average expression level of these miRNAs in the pretreatment biopsy was significantly different comparing patients experiencing recurrence to recurrence-free patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Serial tumor sampling combined with analysis of temporal expression patterns enabled to pinpoint significant signatures characterizing breast cancer progression, associated with response to therapy and with risk of recurrence. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3651–62. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A computational theory for binocular stereopsis (1996)

It has been known since at least the time of Leonardo da Vinci that encoded within a pair of stereo images is information detailing the scene geometry (Leonardo, 1989). The animal brain has known this for millions of years and has developed as yet barely understood neuronal mechanisms for decoding this information. Hold your hand inches in front of your face and, with both eyes focused, stare at your fingers – they appear vividly in three-dimensions (3-D). In fact everywhere you gaze, you are aware of the relative depths of the observed objects.
Evaluation of future developments in agrobiotechnology: the potential roles of protein nitrogen and sulfur for better crop plants. (2008)

Die landwirtschaftliche Biotechnologie stellt eine Vielzahl neuer und die Zuchtung erganzender Ansatze zur Verbesserung von Nahrungspflanzen zur Verfugung. Zusatzlich zu den bereits kommerziell verwendeten Merkmalen der Herbizid- und Insektenresistenz sowie den gegenwartig entwickelten Sorten fur die Erzeugung erneuerbarer Energien stellt die Entwicklung ernahrungsbasierter Merkmale eine innovative Strategie dar. Die ausbalancierte Versorgung mit Schwefel und Stickstoff in Kombination mit geeigneten transgenen Merkmalen hat das Potential den Ernahrungswert von Saatgut zu erhohen und daruber hinaus die Abwehr gegen Pathogene zu verbessern.