gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of the human brain: In vivo quantification of metabolite and water content with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1993)

Cerebral metabolite concentrations and water content were measured by means of localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 50 children, while metabolite peak ratios in short echo time spectra were evaluated in 173 examinations. Normative curves for normal development were established for two cerebral locations. The current report presents the first study of absolute metabolite concentrations and T1- and T2- relaxation as a function of age. Myo-inositol was found dominating the spectra at birth (12 mmoles/kg), while choline is responsible for the strongest peak in older infants (2.5 mmoles/kg). Creatine and N-acetyl groups are at significantly lower concentrations in the neonate than in the adult (Cr: 6, NA: 5 mmoles/kg). NA and Cr are determined by gestational age, whereas the concentration of ml correlates best with postnatal age. Quantitative 1H MRS is expected to be of particular value in diagnosis and monitoring of pathology in infants, since metabolite ratios are often misleading.
PhonePoint pen (2009)

The ability to note down small pieces of information, quickly and ubiquitously, can be useful. This paper proposes a system called PhonePoint Pen that uses the in-built accelerometer in mobile phones to recognize human writing. By holding the phone like a pen, an user should be able to write short messages or even draw simple diagrams in air. The acceleration due to hand gestures can be converted into an image, and sent to the user's Internet email address for future reference. We motivate the utility of such a system through simple use-cases and applications, and present the design and implementation challenges towards a functional prototype. Our early results show that the PhonePoint Pen is feasible if the user is restricted to a few simple constraints.
An ultra-fast mechanically active cell culture substrate (2018)

We present a mechanically active cell culture substrate that produces complex strain patterns and generates extremely high strain rates. The transparent miniaturized cell stretcher is compatible with live cell microscopy and provides a very compact and portable alternative to other systems. A cell monolayer is cultured on a dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) made of a 30 μm thick silicone membrane sandwiched between stretchable electrodes. A potential difference of several kV's is applied across the electrodes to generate electrostatic forces and induce mechanical deformation of the silicone membrane. The DEA cell stretcher we present here applies up to 38% tensile and 12% compressive strain, while allowing real-time live cell imaging. It reaches the set strain in well under 1 ms and generates strain rates as high as 870 s<sup>-1</sup>, or 87%/ms. With the unique capability to stretch and compress cells, our ultra-fast device can reproduce the rich mechanical environment experienced by cells in normal physiological conditions, as well as in extreme conditions such as blunt force trauma. This new tool will help solving lingering questions in the field of mechanobiology, including the strain-rate dependence of axonal injury and the role of mechanics in actin stress fiber kinetics.
Management of Fluid Balance in CRRT: A Technical Approach (2005)

Machines seem to be designed with adequate safety features and accurate alarm systems. However, features and alarms can be manipulated by operators creating the opportunity for serious error. Physicians and nurses involved in prescription and delivery of CRRT should have precise protocols and defined procedures in relation to machine alarms to prevent major clinical problems.
Protocol of Electrochemical Test and Characterization of Aprotic Li-O<sub>2</sub> Battery (2016)

We demonstrate a method for electrochemical testing of an aprotic Li-O2 battery. An aprotic Li-O2 battery is made of a Li-metal anode, an aprotic electrolyte, and an O2-breathing cathode. The aprotic electrolyte is a solution of lithium salt with aprotic solvent; and porous carbon is commonly used as the cathode substrate. To improve the performance, an electrocatalyst is deposited onto the porous carbon substrate by certain deposition methods, such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) and wet-chemistry reaction. The as-prepared cathode materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). A Swagelok-type cell, sealed in a glass chamber filled with pure O2, is used for the electrochemical test on a battery test system. The cells are tested under either capacity-controlled mode or voltage controlled mode. The reaction products are investigated by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to study the possible pathway of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This protocol demonstrates a systematic and efficient arrangement of routine tests of the aprotic Li-O2 battery, including the electrochemical test and characterization of battery materials.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Enhanced Delivery of SN-38 to Human Tumor Xenografts with an Anti-Trop-2–SN-38 Antibody Conjugate (Sacituzumab Govitecan) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Concentrations of constitutive products in the serum from animals given irinotecan or IMMU-132 in nude mice bearing Capan-1 from 2 separate studies.&lt;/p&gt;
Guest Editorial: Special Section on Optical Interconnects (2014)

Increasing delay of interconnects over devices at advanced nodes indicates a need for drastic change for interconnect. Such drastic changes have traditionally been possible through material changes. However, an alternative change in design may be near. In particular, on-chip optical interconnections are on the verge of being introduced to be able to cope with system-scale performance roadmaps. Thereby, photon-based information transfer may take the place of charge-based transfer that has been utilized within and across semiconductor chips for decades. Such a change would trigger significant updates to the design flows and circuitry.
A testbed for precise registration, natural occlusion and interaction in an augmented environment using a head-mounted projective display (HMPD) (2003)

A head-mounted projective display (HMPD) consists of a pair of miniature projection lenses, beam splitters and displays mounted on the helmet and retro-reflective sheeting materials placed strategically in the environment. This has recently been proposed as an alternative to existing 3D visualization devices. In this paper, we first briefly review HMPD technology, including its featured capabilities and the recent development in both display implementations and applications. Then the implementation of a testbed for playing a "Go" game with a remote opponent in a 3D augmented environment is described. The testbed not only demonstrates the capabilities of virtual-real augmentation and registration, the natural occlusion of virtual objects by real ones, interaction with augmented environments and networking collaboration, but also embodies part of our long-term objective to develop a collaborative framework in 3D augmented environments. Through the testbed, major calibration issues, such as accommodation/convergence considerations and determination of viewing transformations, are studied and discussed in detail. Both calibration methods and results are included, which are applicable to other applications. Finally, experimental results of the testbed implementation are presented.
Experimental and Theoretical EPR Study of Jahn−Teller-Active [HIPTN3N]MoL Complexes (L = N2, CO, NH3) (2010)

The trigonally symmetric Mo(III) coordination compounds [HIPTN(3)N]MoL (L = N(2), CO, NH(3); [HIPTN(3)N]Mo = [(3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3)NCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]Mo) are low-spin d(3) (S = (1)/(2)) species that exhibit a doubly degenerate (2)E ground state susceptible to a Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion. The EPR spectra of all three complexes and their temperature and solvent dependences are interpreted within a formal "two-orbital" model that reflects the ground-state configuration, describes the vibronic interactions that lead to the JT distortions, and addresses whether these complexes exhibit static or dynamic JT distortions. The electronic and vibronic properties of these complexes are then analyzed through ab initio quantum chemical computations. It is not possible to interpret the spectroscopic properties of the orbitally degenerate [HIPTN(3)N]MoL with DFT methods, so we have resorted to multi-reference wavefunction approaches, the entry level of which is the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method. Overall, the experimental and computational studies provide new insights into the role of trigonal coordination, as enforced by the [HIPTN(3)N](3-) ligand, in activating the Mo ion for the binding and reduction of N(2).
Loss of a unique tumor antigen by cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunoselection from a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse sarcoma reveals secondary unique and shared antigens. (1996)

Most chemically induced tumors of mice express unique antigens that can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and thereby mediate tumor rejection. The number of different antigens expressed by a single tumor and their interplay during immunization and rejection are largely unexplored. We used CTL clones specific to individual tumor antigens to examine the number and distribution of CTL antigens expressed by cell lines derived from 3-methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas of (C57BL/6J X SPRET/Ei)F1 mice. Each tumor cell line expressed one or more antigens that were unique, that is, not detected on cell lines from independent sarcomas. Immunoselection against an immunodominant antigen produced both major histocompatibility complex class I antigen and unique tumor antigen loss variants. Immunization of mice with antigen-negative immunoselected variants resulted in CTL that recognized additional antigens that were also expressed by the progenitor tumor. Some CTL recognized additional unique tumor antigen(s); other CTL recognized a shared antigen expressed not only by the immunizing cell line, but also by independent sarcoma cell lines and untransformed myoblastoid cell lines. CTL that recognized the shared antigen were also recovered from mice immunized in vivo with an untransformed myoblastoid cell line. These findings support a model of immunodominance among chemically induced tumor antigens in which shared antigens are masked by unique immunodominant antigens.
Expression, Solubilization, Refolding and Final Purification of Recombinant Proteins as Expressed in the form of “Classical Inclusion Bodies” in E. coli (2020)

Escherichia coli has been most widely used for production of the recombinant proteins. Over-expression of the recombinant proteins is the mainspring of the inclusion bodies formation. The refolding of these proteins into bioactive forms is cumbersome and partly time-consuming. In the present study, we reviewed and discussed most issues regarding the recovery of "classical inclusion bodies" by focusing on our previous experiences. Performing proper methods of expression, solubilization, refolding and final purification of these proteins, would make it possible to recover higher amounts of proteins into the native form with appropriate conformation. Generally, providing mild conditions and proper refolding buffers, would lead to recover more than 40% of inclusion bodies into bioactive and native conformation.
Decentralized algorithms using both local and random probes for P2P load balancing (2005)

We study randomized algorithms for placing a sequence of n nodes on a circle with unit perimeter. Nodes divide the circle into disjoint arcs. We desire that a newly-arrived node (which is oblivious of its index in the sequence) choose its position on the circle by learning the positions of as few existing nodes as possible. At the same time, we desire that that the variation in arc-lengths be small. To this end, we propose a new algorithm that works as follows: The kth node chooses r random points on the circle, inspects the sizes of v arcs in the vicinity of each random point, and places itself at the mid-point of the largest arc encountered. We show that for any combination of r and v satisfying rv ¡Ý c log k, where c is a small constant, the ratio of the largest to the smallest arc-length is at most eight w.h.p., for an arbitrarily long sequence of n nodes. This strategy of node placement underlies a novel decentralized load-balancing algorithm that we propose for Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) in peer-to-peer environments.
Recovery of Cu(II) from nickel laterite leach using prereduction and chelating resin extraction: Batch and continuous experiments (2018)

Abstract The processing of laterite ores for nickel and cobalt production is increasing to meet the global demand for these metals. Sulphuric acid is used as a leaching agent, and metals present in the solution may be recovered by many different processes, such as ion exchange. The main problem with nickel limonite layer leach solution is the high concentration of iron, which decreases the efficiency of resin adsorption of nickel and cobalt. The removal of iron by oxidation and precipitation results in nickel, copper, and cobalt losses (co‐precipitation). The aim of this work was to investigate the chelating resin extraction to recover copper from a leachate combined with a pre‐reduction process, in order to increase the resin's efficiency and to increase its pH above 2.00. The following three synthetic solutions were studied: first, a solution prepared with Fe(III); the second solution was prepared with Fe(II); and the last solution was prepared with Fe(III) using a reducing process. Batch experiments were performed to study the influence of pH and temperature, and column experiments with three solutions were compared in order to verify suitable conditions to recover Cu(II) in a fixed‐bed column process.
Medical uses of Sodium thiosulfate (2016)

Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is an industrial chemical which also has a long medical history. It was originally used as an intravenous medication for metal poisoning. It has since been approved for the treatment of certain rare medical conditions. These include cyanide poisoning, calciphylaxis, and cisplatin toxicity. In vitro assays have demonstrated that it is an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent. It therefore has potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. NaSH has similar properties and is somewhat more powerful than STS in these in vitro assays. However STS has already been approved as an orally available treatment. STS may therefore be a readily available candidate for treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease.
Clinical and Genetic Features of Familial Pituitary Adenomas (2005)

Inherited or familial pituitary tumor syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Carney complex provide an important insight into the genetics and molecular pathology of endocrine cancers. Our understanding of these conditions is expanding rapidly due to the identification of the genes and proteins affected and the availability of murine knockout models. The successes achieved to date in understanding multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Carney complex have helped in the identification and study of new inherited pituitary tumor syndromes such as isolated familial somatotropinomas. This review assesses the current status of research into the clinical features, genetics and molecular pathologies of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Carney complex, and isolated familial somatotropinomas, and details ongoing work to delineate familial isolated pituitary adenomas, a potentially new clinical entity.
Potent and Selective Ligands for Adenosine Binding Sites (1997)

Abstract A number of selective ligands for the different binding sites of adenosine have been synthesized and tested in several pharmacological models. The aim of these synthetic efforts is both to improve the knowledge of structure-activity relationships in the adenosine-related biological systems and to develop drugs from some of these molecules.
Some Properties of the PBP1 Transduction System in Bacillus pumilus (1974)

Bacteriophage PBP1 is a flagella-specific virus that performs generalized transduction in strains of Bacillus pumilus. PBP1 is morphologically and serologically distinct from two other flagella-specific phages, PBS1 and SP-15, which perform generalized transduction in certain Bacillus species. The DNA extracted from PBP1 particles has a buoyant density of 1.690 g/cm(3) in cesium chloride gradients, a melting temperature of 86.1 C, and a sedimentation velocity of 47S in neutral sucrose gradients. Assuming the molecule is a linear duplex, PBP1 DNA has a molecular weight of approximately 76 x 10(6). In two strains of B. pumilus which are sensitive to both PBP1 and PBS1, co-transducible genetic markers are more tightly linked by PBS1 transduction than by PBP1 transduction. The size of the fragment of bacterial DNA carried by PBP1-transducing particles, inferred from transduction studies and sedimentation analysis of viral DNA, suggests that PBP1 may be useful for genetic studies of extrachromosomal DNA elements present in two strains of B. pumilus. Genetic exchange of chromosomally located genes between the plasmid(+) and plasmid(-)B. pumilus strains NRS 576 and NRRL B-3275 has been demonstrated by PBP1 transduction.
Carbon Nanotubes in Drug and Gene Delivery (2017)

SUT), the most prestigious technical university in Iran.He has been a member of a polymeric materials research group since 2012, and received his MSc in materials engineering from SUT.For his MSc project, he worked on thermoplastic starch (TPS
Nucleocytoplasmic Proteomic Analysis Uncovers eRF1 and Nonsense Mediated Decay as Modifiers of ALS C9orf72 Toxicity (2019)

SUMMARY The most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 (C9-HRE). While RNA and dipeptide repeats produced by the C9-HRE disrupt nucleocytoplasmic transport, the proteins that become redistributed remain unknown. Here, we utilized subcellular fractionation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and identified 126 proteins, enriched for protein translation and RNA metabolism pathways, which collectively drive a shift towards a more cytosolic proteome in C9-HRE cells. Amongst these was eRF1, which regulates translation termination and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). eRF1 accumulates within elaborate nuclear envelope invaginations in patient iPSC-neurons and postmortem tissue and mediates a protective shift from protein translation to NMD-dependent mRNA degradation. Overexpression of eRF1 and the NMD-driver UPF1 ameliorate C9-HRE toxicity in vivo . Our findings provide a resource for proteome-wide nucleocytoplasmic alterations across neurodegeneration-associated repeat expansion mutations and highlight eRF1 and NMD as therapeutic targets in C9orf72 -associated ALS/FTD.
Distributed Video Editing for Array of Projectors. (2003)

Reaction of human serum albumin with p-nitrophenylanthranilate results in transesterification of the anthraniloyl group to tyrosine 411. Titration of anthraniloyl-Tyr-411-albumin with long chain or short chain fatty acids produces marked changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the anthraniloyl moiety as fatty acids bind in the channel near it. It appears that the anthraniloyl group is a very sensitive probe that can follow binding of small molecules at the 3-AB subdomain of human serum albumin.
New Faculty, Undergraduates, And Industry Contracts: Observations And Lessons Learned From Engineering Professors (2020)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract New Faculty, Undergraduates, and Industry Contracts: Observations and Lessons Learned from Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering Professors Abstract Most new faculty have little experience managing contracts, and most have minimal experience advising undergraduates conducting research. Combining these two roles leads to both synergistic and antagonistic opportunities/challenges often not obvious at the outset. In this paper, relatively new (3-6 years) authors from civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering departments describe their observations on this topic based upon over 30 different contracts, specifically: • 3 types of research contracts, and the benefits and difficulties with each. • 6 tips for success in choosing and writing suitable contracts • 3 tips for success in choosing suitable students • 3 tips for success in conducting projects • examples and analysis of projects that went well • examples and analysis of projects that went poorly • things the authors wish they had known in their first year As an example, using both specific examples and inductive generalizations, the suitability of federally-funded and industry (including traditional industry, consulting firms and municipalities)-funded contract sources are analyzed. Each of these funding sources is evaluated for undergraduate research suitability with respect to typical timelines, funding agency’s criticality of success, the undergraduate’s class year, and the professor’s time before tenure review. I. Introduction Ph.D. granting universities have long expected their faculty to conduct an active research program, however in the past two decades an increasing emphasis has been reported in the amount of emphasis undergraduate-only engineering schools are placing on their faculty to build research programs.1 While some studies have questioned whether this has a negative impact upon the teaching experience, especially of technical subjects2,3,4, it will likely continue to increase as administrators seek to improve faculty productivity and university income5, and states enact measures to encourage this.6 The past two decades have also seen a concomitant increase in the desire from university administration through federal granting agencies for engineering faculty members to develop active learning strategies to teach undergraduates, a practice recommended by numerous recent studies. 7,8,9. Given a limited amount of time and pressure to actively involve undergraduates and conduct research, it is commonly assumed that new faculty intuitively understand the need to combine the teaching and research domains. While that is true, it is not obvious how do this effectively, and this paper conveys the best practices learned by three faculty members representing
A frequency comb and precision spectroscopy experiment in space (2013)

A frequency comb, DFB diode laser and rubidium spectroscopy cell have been developed and commissioned on a sounding rocket mission to demonstrate their technological maturity. The first laser spectroscopy experiment on an optical transition in space is performed.
Time division duplex technique for power control in selection diversity reception direct sequence spread spectrum communications (1992)

A time division duplex (TDD) direct sequence spread spectrum communication (DS-SS) system is proposed for operation in multipath Rayleigh fading environments such as indoor communication channels. It is shown that utilising the TDD technique is advantageous for various reasons such as the simplification of the DS-SS transmitter and receivers, more efficient frequency bandwidth utilisation and the realisation of a simple but efficient power control technique. Computer simulation results show the superiority of the power control method. An efficient power control method will result in higher capacities for the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>