gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Metabonomic Profiling of Diabetic Retinopathy (2016)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of visual impairment in working-age adults. Patients with diabetes often develop DR despite appropriate control of systemic risk factors, suggesting the involvement of other pathogenic factors. We hypothesize that the plasma metabolic signature of DR is distinct and resolvable from that of diabetes alone. A nested population-based case-control metabonomic study was first performed on 40 DR cases and 40 control subjects with diabetes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eleven metabolites were found to be correlated with DR, and the majority were robust when adjusted for metabolic risk factors and confounding kidney disease. The metabolite markers 2-deoxyribonic acid; 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid; erythritol; gluconic acid; and ribose were validated in an independent sample set with 40 DR cases, 40 control subjects with diabetes, and 40 individuals without diabetes. DR cases and control subjects with diabetes were matched by HbA1c in the validation set. Activation of the pentose phosphate pathway was identified from the list of DR metabolite markers. The identification of novel metabolite markers for DR provides insights into potential new pathogenic pathways for this microvascular complication and holds translational value in DR risk stratification and the development of new therapeutic measures.
Mathematical modeling of the rotary coke calcining kiln (1995)

Abstract A three‐dimensional steady‐state mathematical model of a rotary calcining kiln for the petroleum coke is presented. The model takes into account all the physical phenomena of interest, from gas flow, heat transfer, volatile matter and coke dust evolution and combustion, to the granular bed motion and the thermal effects of the refractories. The model is built in modular form with several submodels coupled together. This methodology facilitates the construction of the model and its use. This article gives a detailed mathematical description of the model. A complete simulation is presented, and the results are discussed. Data coming from an industrial kiln in operation are used for validation, and the results show that the model can be a useful tool for solving problems of kiln operation or design.
Opportunistic interference management (2009)

Interference is a central feature of the wireless channel. However, in many cases, the interferer's activity can be bursty and it is overly pessimistic to assume that interference is always present. In this paper, we use a degraded message set formulation of the two-user interference channel to study the statistical gains that can be harnessed from bursty interference. We consider a linear deterministic model of the Gaussian interference channel and characterize the degraded message set capacity region.
The Design and Experimental Validation of an Ultrafast Shape Memory Alloy ResetTable (SMART) Latch (2010)

Abstract Latches are essential machine elements utilized by all sectors (military, automotive, consumer, manufacturing, etc.) with a growing need for active capabilities such as automatic release and reset, which require actuation. Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuation is an attractive alternative technology to conventional actuation (electrical, hydraulic, etc.) because SMA, particularly in the wire form, is simple, inexpensive, lightweight, and compact. This paper introduces a fundamental latch technology, referred to as the T-latch, which is driven by an ultrafast SMA wire actuator that employs a novel spool-packaged architecture to produce the necessary rotary release motion within a compact footprint. The T-latch technology can engage passively, maintain a strong structural connection in multiple degrees of freedom with zero power consumption, actively release within a very short timeframe (&amp;lt;20 ms, utilizing the SMA spooled actuator), and then repeat operation with automatic reset. The generic architecture of the T-latch and governing operational behavioral models discussed within this paper provide the background for synthesizing basic active latches across a broad range of applications. To illustrate the utility and general operation of the T-latch, a proof-of-concept prototype was designed, built, and experimentally characterized regarding the basic functions of engagement, retention, release, and reset for a common case study of automotive panel lockdown. Based on the successful demonstration and model validation presented in this study, the T-latch demonstrates its promise as an attractive alternative technology to conventional technologies with the potential to enable simple, low-cost, lightweight, and compact active latches across a broad range of industrial applications.
The effect of retinol and retinoic acids on lipoxygenase activity. (1997)

Lipoxygenase catalyzes the dioxygenation of polyenoic fatty acids such as linoleate and arachidonate. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of retinol, all-trans-retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid on the activity of lipoxygenase-1 and lipoxygenase-2 towards linoleic acid. Lipoxygenase activity toward linoleic acid was followed by determining changes in absorption at 234 nm. All retinoids inhibited lipoxygenase-1 and lipoxygenase-2 activity. Lipoxygenase-2 activity towards linoleic acid was rapid at pH 6.5; all-trans-retinol (10 microM) caused a 50% inhibition in reaction rate. All-trans-retinol was oxidized in parallel with diene production by lipoxygenase-2. Lipoxygenase-2 activity on linoleic acid was competitively inhibited by all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinoic acid; 13-cis-retinoic acid exhibited mixed type inhibition. Activity of lipoxygenase-1 towards linoleic acid at pH 9.0 was also inhibited by retinoic acids by 32-73%. All-trans-retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid inhibited lipoxygenase-1 activity competitively, whereas all-trans-retinol inhibited lipoxygenase-1 activity in a mixed manner. These findings suggest that retinoids may bind to the active site of the enzyme or simultaneously act as an antioxidant.
VSC-HVDC Transmission with Cascaded Two-Level Converters (2010)

SUMMARY The two-level converter valve together with series-connected press-pack insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) is a reliable and proven technology for transmission-scale converters. This has been put to use in a further development of high-voltage dc (HVDC) transmission employing voltage-source converters (VSCs). A cascaded two-level (CTL) converter consisting of several smaller two-level building blocks, also called cells, enables the creation of a nearly sinusoidal output voltage from the converter. The development of the CTL is the subject for this paper. Using technology modules developed and refined during the last 15 years, it has been possible to create a converter that addresses and solves many of the limitations of VSC-HVDC transmission while retaining all operational functionality. The technology is scalable up to the highest transmission voltages. Losses are reduced to roughly 1% per converter through a combination of methods. A method for removing the need for external protective equipment and circuitry in the valves is presented. The main control of the converter has been reused, although the control bandwidth, i.e., the speed, has been further improved.
Transimpedance receiver design optimization for smart pixel arrays (1998)

Optical transimpedance receivers implemented in CMOS VLSI technologies are modeled and optimized for freespace optoelectronic interconnections. Sensitivity, bandwidth, power dissipation, and circuit area are analyzed for receivers using three different submicron CMOS processes. A comparison with the circuit noise limited optical power indicates that, for digital computing applications, the receiver sensitivity is limited by the gain-bandwidth product of the receiver amplifiers and the necessary noise margin of logic circuits.
Preparation of PTFE Composite-plated Hydrophobic β-PbO2 Electrodes (1994)

Abstract A technique for anodic composite-plating was developed. By this technique, PTFE composite-plated hydrophobic β-PbO2 electrodes were prepared, and their electrochemical properties as anodes were preliminarily examined.
Determining the Critical Micelle Concentration of a Novel Lipid‐Lowering Agent, Disodium Ascorbyl Phytostanyl Phosphate (FM‐VP4), Using a Fluorescence Depolarization Procedure (2004)

The objective of this study was to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a novel water-soluble plant sterol derivative (FM-VP4) using a fluorescence depolarization method. The CMC was determined by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence depolarization. Test solutions of various concentrations of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) as a positive control or FM-VP4 in water were spiked with 2 microL of 4 mM DPH in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and left overnight to equilibrate in a dark chamber. Fluorescence of each solution was measured at room temperature using a Perseptive Biosystems Cytofluor Series 4000 multi-well plate reader. Fluorescence intensity increases as DPH is incorporated into the hydrophobic core of micelles. Thus, the CMC is the value at which an abrupt increase in intensity is observed. These points were observed at 8 mM and 0.014 mM for SDS and FM-VP4, respectively. Sodium dodecylsulphate was used as a positive control and supports the validity of our results, as the literature values of SDS are reported to be between 8-8.3 mM. The CMC of FM-VP4 is reported to be 0.014 mM.
Effectiveness of Power Electronic Controllers in Mitigating Acoustic Noise and Vibration in High-Rotor Pole SRMs (2021)

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of power electronic control approaches for vibro-acoustic noise reduction in High Rotor-Pole Switched Reluctance Machines (HR-SRM). It carries out a fundamental analysis of approaches that can be used to target acoustic noise and vibration reduction. Based on the comprehensive study, four candidates for control have been identified and applied to the HR-SRM drive to evaluate their effectiveness and identify challenges. These four methods include phase advancing, current shaping based on field reconstruction, and random hysteresis band with and without spectrum shaping. The theoretical background, implementation, and vibro-acoustic noise reduction performance of each method are presented in detail. Comparative studies from simulation and experimental measurements have been used to identify the most effective solution to acoustic noise and vibration reduction in HR-SRM configuration.
Identification of Mepenzolate Derivatives With Long-Acting Bronchodilatory Activity (2018)

The standard treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators. We recently found that mepenzolate bromide (<b>MP</b>), an antagonist for human muscarinic M3 receptor (hM<sub>3</sub>R), has both anti-inflammatory and short-acting bronchodilatory activities. To obtain <b>MP</b> derivatives with longer-lasting bronchodilatory activity, we synthesized hybrid compounds based on <b>MP</b> and two other muscarinic antagonists with long-acting bronchodilatory activity glycopyrronium bromide (<b>GC</b>) and aclidinium bromide (<b>AD</b>). Of these three synthesized hybrid compounds (<b>MP-GC, GC-MP, MP-AD</b>) and <b>MP, MP-AD</b> showed the highest affinity for hM<sub>3</sub>R and had the longest lasting bronchodilatory activity, which was equivalent to that of <b>GC</b> and <b>AD</b>. Both <b>MP-GC</b> and <b>MP-AD</b> exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect equivalent to that of MP, whereas, in line with <b>GC</b> and <b>AD, GC-MP</b> did not show this effect. We also confirmed that administration of <b>MP-AD</b> suppressed elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in a mouse model. These findings provide important information about the structure-activity relationship of <b>MP</b> for both bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities.
Relationship Between Calorimetric and Structural Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells II. Determination of Li Transport Properties (2000)

The effective chemical diffusion coefficient of and related kinetic properties for lithium intercalation/deintercalation in were determined by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). values reached a peak at ca. x = 0.5 in , and this maximum correlates with phase transitions in the lithium host electrode which were indicated by the enhancement factor (W) and area‐specific impedance variations. The phase dependence of the values at about x = 0.5 was investigated, and a decrease of value with increasing temperature was found. The behavior during cycling confirms that the phase transition is reversible. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Crystal and electronic structural changes during annealing in severely deformed Si containing metastable phases formed by high-pressure torsion (2018)

Single crystalline p- and n-type Si(100) wafers were severely deformed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) under a nominal pressure of 24 GPa. The HPT-processed samples consisted of metastable phases of body-centered-cubic Si-III and rhombohedral Si-XII, as well as diamond-cubic Si-I and amorphous phases. The photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation revealed that the valence band edge of the HPT-processed p- and n-type Si samples was located at ∼0.3 eV. Successive annealing in vacuum up to 200 °C led to the valence-band edge shift by ∼0.4 eV for both p- and n-type Si, and the disappearance of Si-III and Si-XII. These results indicated that the Si-III and Si-XII phases in the HPT-processed samples have smaller band gap than that of Si-I, and suggested that the valence-band edge shift after annealing is due to the mixture of Si-I and Si-IV phases in addition to the mid-gap pinning of the Fermi level.
Enhanced pathogen removal in on-site biofiltration systems over organic filtration materials (2008)

Municipal wastewater was treated in 4 biofilters packed with a mix of endemic tropical woodchips and natural fibers to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic matter and pathogen microorganisms under tropical conditions. Biofilters were operated during 400 days, with a hydraulic rate of 0.3 m3/m2.d and an aeration rate of 0.68 m3air/m2 h-1. Raw municipal wastewater presented higher concentrations, of organic matter and pathogens, than those reported for municipal wastewaters in temperate countries. However, pollutants were successfully removed: &amp;lt;98.5% of the organic matter as BOD5 &amp;lt; 99.99% of Faecal Coliforms (FC) and Total Colony Forming Units (TCFU), and &amp;lt; 96.93% Helminth eggs (HE) were removed remaining only very low concentrations in the treated effluent (≤2.5 mg DBO5/L; ≤ 240 FC/100 mL; ≤ 240 TCFU /100 mL and &amp;lt; 1.0 HE/5L). According with Mexican regulations (Nom 001-SEMARNAT, 1996) and with the EPA suggested guidelines for water reuse (U.S. EPA, 1992a) treated effluents with this quality can be safely reused for three main activities: Nonfood crop irrigation, landscape impoundments and for construction activities. The high removal efficiency of TCFU and FC may be related with a predatory activity of testate amoebas which were detected growing into the biofilters and, the most plausible hypothesis concerning HE removal is that they are retained by filtration over the organic materials.
Catadioptric projection lens for 1.3 NA scanner (2007)

In the history of DUV (Deep Ultra Violet) microlithographic lens design, three kinds of leaps have occurred to maintain the progress of technology in the semiconductor industry. The first step is the application of aspherical elements. This allowed us to increase NA up to around 0.9. The second innovation is water immersion. Thanks to the 1.44 refractive index of water, and because the numerical aperture (NA) is defined as the product of the sine of the maximum ray angle on the image plane and the refractive index in the image space, even with a lower maximum ray angle on the imaging plane than dry with a lens, we can achieve NA of 1.07. The latest technological jump is the development of catadioptric lens systems, which are roughly defined as the combined usage of refractive element(s) and reflective element(s). The catadioptric system allows us to achieve a full field 1.3NA projection lens that is used in our scanner NSR-S610C. In this paper we discuss optical design concepts and some challenges for catadioptric lenses. In addition, current lens performance including wavefront, lens flare, and image vibration are shown.
Polymer Injection Therapy to Reverse Remodel the Papillary Muscles (2010)

PVA hydrogel injections improve coaptation and reduce remodeling in chronic MR without impairing LV systolic and diastolic function. This new approach offers a potential alternative for relieving tethering and ischemic MR by correcting papillary muscle position.
The implantable pace-maker-cardioverter-defibrillator: radiographic aspects. (1994)

Safer and easier placement, recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration of several models, and increasing availability have expanded the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for treatment of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Modern ICDs generally use a combination of two transvenously placed electrodes and one subcutaneous electrode; therefore, they do not require a thoracotomy for placement. The authors evaluated the radiographic aspects of one particular ICD--the pacemaker-cardioverter-defibrillator (PCD)--including the normal appearance and variations, confusing findings, and such complications as deformity of the subcutaneous patch electrode, lead fracture, and electrode malposition and migration. The PCD can also be combined with a preexisting, surgically placed automatic ICD or with a pacemaker. Familiarity with the PCD and other ICDs is essential, since the radiologist may be the first to recognize a complication that can render the device inoperative and leave the patient vulnerable to sudden death.
A Comparative Analysis of Pulsating Carrier Injection vs. Extended Kalman Filter Injection-Based Sensorless Control (2017)

Sensorless control for electrical drives is still a challenge in the low-speed and standstill region. Solutions that inject a high frequency signal in order to generate position dependent harmonics are well known for their good performance in this particular speed range. The possibility to combine signal injection techniques with model-based observers could be a solution for sensorless control over the whole speed range. In this paper, a pulsating vector carrier signal injection is used with two different estimation methods. First method is based on the commonly used filtering and demodulation associated to the pulsating carrier method, and for the second method, an injection-based Extended Kalman Filter is proposed in order to estimate the rotor position. This two methods are analysed, we concentrate on: parameter tuning, transitory response and noise attenuation. The analysis is supported by experimental measurements obtained on a salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine. The results show the satisfactory performance of both methods and the potential to use the proposed injection-based Extended Kalman Filter from standstill to the high-speed region.
p53-Inducible Micrornas 192 and 215 Regulate p53 Expression and IGF1 Axis in Multiple Myeloma. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 1973 Poster Board I-996 Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable neoplastic disease of B cell origin, affecting 50,000 patients in the United States, occurring in approximately 16,000 new individuals each year. In MM, mutation or deletion of p53 is rarely detected at diagnosis, although both become more frequent in advanced disease. Therapeutic activation of p53 might therefore be particularly suitable for the treatment of MM. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has revealed a new level of regulation of protein expression. We have shown that an altered miRNA expression profile plays a role in the malignant transformation of plasma cells (PCs); we recently published the first comprehensive global microRNA expression profiles of MM, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and contrasted these expression patterns with that of normal plasma cells (PCs). Now we have used nutlin-3a, a recently developed small-molecule activator of p53, that efficiently disrupts the p53-MDM2 interaction, to profile a p53 miRNA activation pathway in the MM1s cell line. Results of the analysis have shown differential expression of 46 individual miRNAs after p53 activation, 14 showing up-regulation and 32 showing down-regulation. We confirmed our data by qRT-PCR in p53 wild type and mutated MM cell lines and in primary MM cells. Our results confirm published results; after p53 stabilization we found up-regulation of the miR-34a, but we also detected strong up-regulation of several other miRNAs. In fact we found that p53 induces two additional, mutually related clusters of miRNAs, leading to the up-regulation of miR-192, miR-194, and miR-215. The same miRNAs were detected at high levels in normal plasma cells (n.3) but were severely reduced in many untreated MM samples (n.22). Here we characterize the promoter and the p53 activation site for miR-192-194 cluster on chromosome 11(q13.1) but we have also confirmed the previous published p53 consensus site for miR-215-194 cluster on chromosome 1(q41) in multiple myeloma cells. Furthermore we found that miR-192 and its cousin miR-215 but not miR-194 can each contribute to enhanced CDKN1A/p21 levels, colony suppression, cell cycle arrest in multiple myeloma cells acting directly on p53 regulation. On the other hand, we define that IGF-1 and IGFR are direct targets of miR-192-215. In fact the re-expression of these miRNAs in multiple myeloma cells blocks their migration through both endothelial barriers and associated bone marrow stroma. Our data suggest that downstream signaling in the p53 pathway is functional in MM cells and able to induce miRNAs that play a pivotal role in cell cycle progression, mobility and invasive properties of these cells. These studies provide the basis for the development of new miRNA-targeted therapies for MM. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Short- and Long-Term Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibition on Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Palbociclib treated 3D time course&lt;/p&gt;
Robust high current ESD performance of nano-meter scale DeNMOS by source ballasting (2010)

“Strong Snapback” in DeNMOS transistors leads to weak ESD performance which is often represented by low It2 and strong die to die dependence. We report here the first experimental evidence that this can be controlled with introduction of source-resistance Rs. A new microscopic model has been analyzed to understand the physics of strong snapback and explain the experimental observations. Impact of current crowding phenomenon and role of adding a resistor across the source and ground has been broadly addressed in this paper. Also the current crowding phenomenon has been macroscopically modeled and a circuit model has been established.