gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of putrescine-based poly(phosphoester-urethanes) (1993)

A novel set of putrescine-based segmented polyurethanes was synthesized using 1,4-butane-diisocyanate and phosphoester diols, and was characterized for its potential as a degradable biomaterial. These poly(phosphoester-urethanes) (PPU) were flexible polymers with ultimate tensile strength (UTS) from 2 to 3 MPa, elongations up to 80% and tan delta near 0.15. The incorporation of phosphoester bonds in the backbone of the polymer by using bis(2-hydroxyethyl)phosphite (BGP) and bis(6-hydroxyhexyl)phosphite (BHP) as chain extenders resulted in hydrolytic degradation which was evaluated in vitro. By varying the content of the phosphoester diol BGP, degradation rate, as followed by mass loss and GPC, could be modulated. Polymers based on the more hydrophobic monomer, BHP, showed slower degradation than corresponding BGP based polymers. Tensile properties of PPU-B2 after 22 days in vitro degradation show more than a 50% drop in UTS and ultimate elongation, likely caused by void spaces left behind in the polymer after mass loss and swelling. The attachment of a drug, PAS, pendant to the phosphoester group of the PPU was demonstrated. PAS was linked via the spacer 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and free, intact drug was released in about 5 h from a thin film.
Measurement of Hematological, Clinical Chemistry, and Infection Parameters from Hirudinized Blood Collected in Universal Blood Sampling Tubes (2001)

Hirudin, the anticoagulatory polypeptide of the leech Hirudo medicinalis, strongly inhibits thrombus formation by specifically interacting with thrombin. For diagnostic purposes, hirudin should be superior to other anticlotting compounds because it only minimally alters the mineral, protein, and cellular blood constituents. To test this hypothesis, hirudinized and routinely processed venous blood from 80 healthy volunteers and patients was subjected to a variety of automated blood tests. A strong correlation was found between the results of automated complete blood counts obtained from K(2)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated and hirudinized blood (1000 antithrombin units [ATU] hirudin/ml). In addition, clinical chemistry and serological infection parameters (asparlat amintransferase [ASAT], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], sodium, and so on, and antibodies against hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]1/2, respectively) correlated well when measured in serum as compared with hirudinized plasma. Contrary to single clotting factors, global coagulation parameters (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], prothrombin time [PT]) could not be measured in hirudinized blood. Recombinant hirudin neither interfered with immunophenotyping of mononuclear cells using FACScan analysis, nor did it alter the detection of Wilms' tumor gene expression by RT-PCR technology even at high doses (5000 ATU hirudin). Thus, a hirudin-containing blood sampling tube can be designed as a universal blood sampling tube (UBT) for testing the majority of diagnostic blood parameters.
Dislocation Density-Based Grain Refinement Modeling of Orthogonal Cutting of Titanium (2014)

Recently, orthogonal cutting has been exploited as a means for producing ultrafine grained (UFG) and nanocrystalline microstructures for various metal materials, such as aluminum alloys, copper, stainless steel, titanium and nickel-based super alloys, etc. However, no predictive, analytical or numerical work has ever been presented to quantitatively predict the change of grain sizes during plane-strain orthogonal cutting. In this paper, a dislocation density-based material plasticity model is adapted for modeling the grain size refinement mechanism during orthogonal cutting by means of a finite element based numerical framework. A coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) finite element model embedded with the dislocation density subroutine is developed to model the severe plastic deformation and grain refinement during a steady-state cutting process. The orthogonal cutting tests of a commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) material are simulated in order to assess the validity of the numerical solution through comparison with experiments. The dislocation density-based material plasticity model is calibrated to reproduce the observed material constitutive mechanical behavior of CP Ti under various strains, strain rates, and temperatures in the cutting process. It is shown that the developed model captures the essential features of the material mechanical behavior and predicts a grain size of 100–160 nm in the chips of CP Ti at a cutting speed of 10 mm/s.
Role of positive charge of lysine residue on cytochrome c3for electrostatic interaction with hydrogenase (2007)

Cytochrome c 3 from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Miyazaki) is an electron transfer protein containing four hemes per molecule. Its physiological electron transfer partner is the hydrogenase which catalyzes reversible oxidation of hydrogen. The complex formation between cytochrome c 3 and hydrogenase is caused by electrostatic interaction, because cytochrome c 3 is a basic protein and hydrogenase is an acidic protein. As cytochrome c 3 has 20 lysine residues among 108 amino acids, the positive charges of some lysine residues may play an important role in the interaction with hydrogenase. To clarify the role of positive charge of lysine residue, the positive charge was changed to neutral or negative charge using chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis. When the positive charges around heme IV were changed, the hydrogen evolution rate with hydrogenase decreased. The affinity between hydrogenase and mutated cytochrome c 3 (K57Q, K57E, K72Q, K94Q, K94E) were not affected. On the other hand, the affinity of K72E cytochrome c 3 for hydrogenase was very low. These results suggest that the positive charge around heme IV plays an important role in the electrostatic interaction with hydrogenase in hydrogen evolution.
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of 7-Azaindirubin-3′-oxime, a 7-Aza Isostere of the Natural Indirubin Pharmacophore (2009)

The bis-indole alkaloid indirubin and its analogues bear a very interesting natural pharmacophore. They are recognized mainly as kinase inhibitors, but several other activities make them possible candidates for preclinical studies. Based on the previously reported activity of 7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime and its derivatives, the synthesis of indirubins bearing a heterocyclic nitrogen atom at position 7 was carried out. Herein, we report the first synthesis of 7-azaindirubin-3'-oxime (12) as well as its antiproliferative activity against 57 cancer cell lines and its inhibitory activity against a series of kinases. 7-Azaindirubin (10) and its 3'-oxime derivative (12) showed reduced activity as kinase inhibitors in comparison with other known indirubin derivatives, but antiproliferative activity with a best GI(50) value of 0.77 microM.
Discordant Cellular Response to Presurgical Letrozole in Bilateral Synchronous ER+ Breast Cancers with aKRASMutation orFGFR1Gene Amplification (2012)

We describe herein a patient presenting with bilateral estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors who was enrolled in a clinical trial exploring molecular aberrations associated with hormone-refractory tumor cell proliferation. Short-term (two week) hormonal therapy with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole substantially reduced proliferation as measured by Ki67 immunohistochemistry in one tumor, whereas the second was essentially unchanged. Extensive molecular and genetic work-up of the two tumors yielded divergent lesions in the two tumors: an activating KRAS mutation in the responsive tumor and an amplification of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) locus in the treatment-refractory tumor. These findings provide an insight to possible mechanisms of resistance to antiestrogen therapy in ER+ breast cancers. First, they illustrate the necessity of clinically approved assays to identify FGFR1 gene amplification, which occur in approximately 5% of breast tumors and have been linked to antiestrogen resistance. It is quite possible that the addition of FGFR inhibitors to ER-targeted therapy will yield a superior antitumor effect and improved patient outcome. Second, they suggest that the role of activating mutations in RAS, although rare in breast cancer, may need to be explored in the context of ER+ breast tumors.
New High Power Density Modules for EV/HEV Applications (2016)

This paper addresses a newly developed IGBT module dedicated for large Electric Vehicle (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) power-train inverter applications. The new IGBT module family adopts a 6-in-1 circuit configuration in one package, optimized internal wiring layout, Direct Lead Bond (DLB) structure and direct cooling structure with an integrated water-cooled Al fin. As a result, this new IGBT module family has simultaneously achieved high performance, low self-inductance, compact package and light weight. Compared to conventional products with similar power capabilities, the adoption of these innovative technologies has led to an improved thermal performance of 20%, and has reduced the module's self-inductance by 30%, the footprint by 50% and the weight by 70%.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit C is associated with acquired resistance to erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (2018)

The acquisition of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is one of the major problems in the pharmacotherapy against non-small cell lung cancers; however, molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, using a newly-established erlotinib-resistant cell line, PC9/ER, from PC9 lung cancer cells, we demonstrated that the expression of translation-related molecules, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit C (eIF3c), was upregulated in PC9/ER cells by proteome analyses. Immunoblot analyses confirmed that eIF3c protein increased in PC9/ER cells, compared with PC9 cells. Importantly, the knockdown of eIF3c with its siRNAs enhanced the drug sensitivity in PC9/ER cells. Mechanistically, we found that LC3B-II was upregulated in PC9/ER cells, while downregulated by the knockdown of eIF3c. Consistently, the overexpression of eIF3c increased the number of autophagosomes, proposing the causality between eIF3c expression and autophagy. Moreover, chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, restored the sensitivity to erlotinib. Finally, immunohistochemical analyses of biopsy samples showed that the frequency of eIF3c-positive cases was higher in the patients with EGFR-TKI resistance than those prior to EGFR-TKI treatment. Moreover, the eIF3c-positive cases exhibited poor prognosis in EGFR-TKI treatment. Collectively, the upregulation of eIF3c could impair the sensitivity to EGFR-TKI as a novel mechanism of the drug resistance.
Outage analysis and optimal power allocation for multinode relay networks (2007)

In this letter, a novel approach for outage probability analysis of the multinode amplify-and-forward relay network is provided. It is shown that the harmonic mean of two exponential random variables can be approximated, at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), to be an exponential random variable. The single relay case considered before is a special case of our analysis. Based on that approximation, an outage probability bound is derived which proves to be tight at high SNR. Based on the derived outage probability bound, optimal power allocation is studied. Simulation results show a performance improvement, in terms of symbol error rate, of the optimal power allocation compared to the equal power-allocation scheme
Genetic and Histologic Studies of Somatomammotropic Pituitary Tumors in Patients with the “Complex of Spotty Skin Pigmentation, Myxomas, Endocrine Overactivity and Schwannomas” (Carney Complex)1 (2000)

Carney complex (CNC) is a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome with features overlapping those of McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and other multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes, MEN type 1 (MEN 1), in particular. GH-producing pituitary tumors have been described in individual reports and in at least two large CNC patient series. It has been suggested that the evolution of acromegaly in CNC resembles that of the other endocrine manifestations of CNC in its chronic, often indolent, progressive nature. However, histologic and molecular evidence has not been presented in support of this hypothesis. In this investigation, the pituitary glands of eight patients with CNC and acromegaly [age, 22.9+/-11.6 yr (mean +/- SD)] were studied histologically. Tumor DNA was used for comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) (four tumors). All tumors stained for both GH and prolactin PRL (eight of eight), and some for other hormones, including alpha-subunit. Evidence for somatomammotroph hyperplasia was present in five of the eight patients in proximity to adenoma tissue; in the remaining three only adenoma tissue was available for study. CGH showed multiple changes involving losses of chromosomal regions 6q, 7q, 11p, and 11q, and gains of 1pter-p32, 2q35-qter, 9q33-qter, 12q24-qter, 16, 17, 19p, 20p, 20q, 22p and 22q in the most aggressive tumor, an invasive macroadenoma; no chromosomal changes were seen in the microadenomas diagnosed prospectively (3 tumors). We conclude that, in at least some patients with CNC, the pituitary gland is characterized by somatotroph hyperplasia, which precedes GH-producing tumor formation, in a pathway similar to that suggested for MAS-related pituitary tumors. Three GH-producing microadenomas showed no genetic changes by CGH, whereas a macroadenoma in a patient, whose advanced acromegaly was not cured by surgery, showed extensive CGH changes. We speculate that these changes represent secondary and tertiary genetic "hits" involved in pituitary oncogenesis. The data (1) underline the need for early investigation for acromegaly in patients with CNC; (2) provide a molecular hypothesis for its clinical progression; and (3) suggest a model for MAS- and, perhaps, MEN 1-related GH-producing tumor formation.
Walking toward moving goalposts: agile management for evolving systems (2006)

Much of the practical work in the autonomic management of storage systems has taken the bolt-on approach: take existing systems and add a separate management system on the side. While this approach can improve legacy systems, it has several problems, including scaling to heterogeneous and large systems and maintaining consistency between the system and the management model. We argue for a different approach, where autonomic management is woven throughout a system, as in the K2 distributed storage system that we are implementing. This distributes responsibility for management operations over all nodes according to ability and security, and stores management state as part of the entities being managed. Decision algorithms set general configuration goals and then let many system components work in parallel to move toward the goals.
Hole Mobility of Fluorene-Based Dyes (2001)

Abstract Four fluorene-based dyes were newly prepared and they were demonstrated to possess excellent hole-transporting capability from the conventional time-of-flight measurement. In particular, a fluorene-based dye with diphenylamino groups exhibited high mobility of 1.8 × 10−3 cm2V−1s−1, which is about twice that of typical hole conductor N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-(m-tolyl)-benzidine (TPD), in vacuum-deposited film
Tree Canopy Coverage Predicts Lower Conduct Problem Severity in Children with ASD (2020)

Introduction: Conduct problems are commonly reported among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with other special health care needs (CSHCN). Environmental research indicates that exposure to natural environments can lead to decreased conduct problems; opposite effects (i.e., increased problems) are associated with built “gray” environments (e.g., roadways).Methods: This exploratory study analyzed the association between Zip-code level tree canopy coverage and severity of conduct problems in typical children, children with ASD, and CSHCN. Tree canopy data came from National Land Cover Database and ASD data came from the cross-sectional National Survey of Children’s Health (2011/2012).Results: Percent tree canopy coverage predicted a decreased risk of severe conduct problems in youth with ASD, but not CSHCN; “gray” space was unassociated with conduct problems in any children.Conclusions: Community tree canopy coverage is negatively associated with conduct problems in children with ASD. More research using individual assessments and street level metrics will help better determine the relationship between canopy coverage and conduct problems in ASD.
Comprehensive structure-activity-relationship studies of sensory active compounds in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) (2021)

Licorice saponins, the main constituents of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots, are highly appreciated by the consumer for their pleasant sweet and long lasting licorice taste. The objective of the present study was to understand the molecular features that contribute to bitter, sweet and licorice sensation of licorice roots, and whether individual compounds elicit more than one of these sensations. Therefore, a sensomics approach was conducted, followed by purification of the compounds with highest sensory impact, and by synthesis as well as full characterization via HRESIMS, ESIMS/MS and 1D/2D-NMR experiments. This led to the discovery and structure determination of 28 sweet, bitter and licorice tasting key phytochemicals, including two unknown compounds. A combination of sensorial, cell-based and computational analysis revealed distinct structural features, such as spatial arrangement of functional groups in the triterpenoid E-ring, driving to different taste sensations and sweet receptor hTAS1R2/R3 stimulation.
Molecular genetics in psychiatric epidemiology: the promise and challenge (1999)

Psychiatric epidemiology is becalmed. Since mid-century, there has been substantial progress in finding risk factors for the common mental disorders of anxiety and depression. This has been almost entirely within a social paradigm. Much has been learned about the effects of interpersonal and other social exposures across the lifespan in contributing to these disorders (Brown &amp; Harris, 1978, 1989; Paykel, 1992; Blazer, 1995; Henderson, 1988, 1999). But the range of possibly causal variables has been narrow: demography, socio-economic status, childhood experiences, recent exposure to adversity and the availability of social support. The dominant paradigm has been environmental exposure, examining how experiences that arise outside the individual may have an enduring impact on mental health. The environment in question has been interpersonal or social. Within this paradigm, no new hypotheses of major significance have emerged in recent years. Epidemiologists have known that the biological domain might be important in aetiology, but for the common mental disorders it has been largely passed over. Properties of the adult brain, whether innate or moulded by environmental exposures, have only rarely been accessible. With the advances in molecular genetics, this is changing (Rutter &amp; Plomin, 1997). For epidemiology, there is now the possibility of bringing molecular genetics into studies of aetiology. Because of the significance of this development, we present a critical assessment of the prospects for population-based research using molecular genetics, the work already reaching publication and the methodological issues that are arising.
Argon plasma coagulation therapy for ablation of Barrett’s oesophagus (2002)

Endoscopic thermoablation with argon plasma coagulation (APC) for Barrett's oesophagus is most effective for shorter segments but "buried" glands do occur. APC should remain in the area of experimental clinical studies.
CHAPTER 2. The Structural Universe of Disulfide-Rich Venom Peptides (2015)

Animal venoms are typically complex mixtures of inorganic salts, small organic molecules ( 10 kDa). However, the dominant components of most venoms are peptides and proteins. Since most venoms are delivered parenterally to their prey (e.g., via barbs, fangs, or harpoons), these venom peptides and proteins must be stable enough to reach their sites of action before being degraded or excreted. This has resulted in a preference for recruitment into the venom of highly stable molecular scaffolds that are resistant to degradation by proteases. Consequently, the vast majority of venom peptides and proteins are cross-braced by one or more disulfide bridges and have well-defined tertiary structures. The aim of this chapter is to introduce readers to the disulfide-rich architectures that have been recruited multiple times into different animal venoms or that are common in certain venomous taxa. Issues relevant to the therapeutic use of venom peptides will be briefly discussed.
Deep levels associated with dislocation annihilation by Al pre‐seeding and silicon delta doping in GaN grown on Si(111) substrates (2008)

Abstract The introduction of Si burst during the growth of GaN film on Si(111) substrate by MOCVD formed a Si x N y layer which leads to an effective reduction in the density of screw dislocations. The reduction is associated with bending of screw dislocations to form a square dislocation loop when neighbouring dislocations with opposite Burger's vector paired up. The concentration of electron traps E c – E t ∼0.17–0.26 eV which is associated with screw dislocations is substantially reduced and a kink is left at the silicon rich position. The mixed‐edge dislocation, however, is not annihilated by the Si x N y layer. Addition of TMAl burst for the AlN growth leads to a substantial reduction in trap concentration associated with the nitrogen vacancies, V N , and antisite of nitrogen, N Al , at E c – E t ∼0.10 eV and E c – E t ∼ 0.60 eV respectively. This improves the quality of the subsequent layer of HT‐GaN grown and is useful for device fabrication. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Does better throughput require worse latency? (2012)

Let throughput denote the amount of application-level work performed in unit time, normalized to the amount of work that would be accomplished with perfect linear scaling. Let latency denote the mean time required for a thread on one core to observe a change effected by a thread on another core, normalized to the best latency possible for the given platform. Might it be true that algorithms that improve application-level throughput worsen inter-core application-level latency? As techniques for improving performance have evolved from mutex-and-locks to race-and-repair, each seems to have offered more throughput at the expense of increased latency.
Trenchless replacement of gas and potable water pipes with new PA 12 pipes applying the pipe bursting method (2008)

Pipe Bursting offers a real technical and cost-efficient alternative to the open trench method; it is also very effective when compared to other alternative pipe rehabilitation methods. Pipes made from Polyamide 12 (PA 12) extend the area of application for trenchless technologies, pipe bursting in particular. Polyamide 12 pipes showed that problems like point loads and crack growth resistance can be solved. A field test in Dortmund showed that the handling of PA 12 pipes is as easy as the pipe cracking with PE.