gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistent expression of Ia antigen and viral genome in visna-maedi virus-induced inflammatory cells. Possible role of lentivirus-induced interferon. (1985)

In this study we investigated the pathogenesis of the lymphoproliferative response in the chronic-active visna maedi virus-induced inflammatory lesions. Viral RNA expression was confined to macrophages, but only in tissues showing inflammatory lesions. A persistent and high level of Ia antigen expression was seen in macrophage-like cells in the inflammatory lesions, and the amounts of viral RNA and Ia expression were closely correlated. A small subpopulation of macrophages contained both viral RNA and Ia antigen, and these were found in greatest number in the lung. In vitro experiments showed that a lentivirus-induced interferon (LV-IFN) could induce Ia antigens in normal sheep spleen and lymph node cells as well as in a transformed sheep macrophage cell line. Ia antigen expression in macrophages was transient in the absence of a continuing IFN stimulus and persisted for at least 2 wk in the presence of LV-IFN. LV-IFN also restricted viral replication in macrophages. It is suggested that LV-IFN induced by the inflammatory cells in visna-maedi lesions may induce Ia antigen expression in macrophages, thereby indirectly causing the lymphoproliferative response and restricted virus replication.
Enhanced phytoremediation of volatile environmental pollutants with transgenic trees (2007)

Small, volatile hydrocarbons, including trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and chloroform, are common environmental pollutants that pose serious health effects. We have developed transgenic poplar (Populus tremula x Populus alba) plants with greatly increased rates of metabolism and removal of these pollutants through the overexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1, a key enzyme in the metabolism of a variety of halogenated compounds. The transgenic poplar plants exhibited increased removal rates of these pollutants from hydroponic solution. When the plants were exposed to gaseous trichloroethylene, chloroform, and benzene, they also demonstrated superior removal of the pollutants from the air. In view of their large size and extensive root systems, these transgenic poplars may provide the means to effectively remediate sites contaminated with a variety of pollutants at much faster rates and at lower costs than can be achieved with current conventional techniques.
Accommodation of Repetitive Sensor Faults— Applied to Surface Faults on Compact Discs (2008)

Surface defects such as scratches and fingerprints on compact discs (CDs) can cause CD players to lose focus and tracking on the discs. A scheme for handling these defects has previously been proposed. In this brief, adaptive and predictive versions of this scheme are developed. The adaptive scheme can be used to adapt the accommodation to specific surface defects on specific discs, while the predictive scheme can be used to jump between tracks with surface defects on the disc. Sufficient and necessary stability conditions for the proposed accommodation schemes are derived as well. Performance of the accommodation scheme is discussed. Both proposed methods show their potentials through simulations with a CD player playing a CD with a surface defect (scratch).
Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Methanol to Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen using Molecular Catalysts (2021)

Abstract The acceptorless dehydrogenation of methanol to carbon monoxide and hydrogen was investigated using homogeneous molecular complexes. Complexes of ruthenium and manganese comprising the MACHO ligand framework showed promising activities for this reaction. The molecular ruthenium complex [RuH(CO)(BH 4 )(HN(C 2 H 4 PPh 2 ) 2 )] (Ru‐MACHO‐BH) achieved up to 3150 turnovers for carbon monoxide and 9230 turnovers for hydrogen formation at 150 °C reaching pressures up to 12 bar when the decomposition was carried out in a closed vessel. Control experiments affirmed that the metal complex mediates the initial fast dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde and methyl formate followed by subsequent slow decarbonylation. Depending on the catalyst and reaction conditions, the CO/H 2 ratio in the gas mixture thus varies over a broad range from almost pure hydrogen to the stoichiometric limit of 1:2.
Structure prediction for CASP7 targets using extensive all-atom refinement with Rosetta@home (2007)

We describe predictions made using the Rosetta structure prediction methodology for both template-based modeling and free modeling categories in the Seventh Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction. For the first time, aggressive sampling and all-atom refinement could be carried out for the majority of targets, an advance enabled by the Rosetta@home distributed computing network. Template-based modeling predictions using an iterative refinement algorithm improved over the best existing templates for the majority of proteins with less than 200 residues. Free modeling methods gave near-atomic accuracy predictions for several targets under 100 residues from all secondary structure classes. These results indicate that refinement with an all-atom energy function, although computationally expensive, is a powerful method for obtaining accurate structure predictions.
Production of Protein Carbonyls, IL-6 and Creatine Kinase in Paced Hearts During Regional Cardiac Flow Reduction (2006)

PURPOSE: This study examined the threshold at which coronary artery blood flow reductions increase biomarkers of oxidant stress, inflammation and injury in normal pig myocardium. METHODS: Coronary artery flow rates (FR) of 100, 70, 50, 30 and 20% of normal (1ml/ min/kgBW) were controlled by a carotid-to-left anterior descending artery shunt in eight pig hearts in combination with rapid pacing (150 BPM) during an 18 min flow reduction. Concentrations of protein carbonyls (PC, a biomarker for oxidant stress), interleukin-6 (IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and creatine kinase (CK, a marker of myocyte injury) were measured in blood effluent between events separated by 45min at normal FR. RESULTS: Heart weights averaged 108+21g and the ischemic portion of the LV averaged 32%. Decreasing FR and increasing heart rate increased PC, IL-6 and CK with greater increases observed at lower FR (P < 0.02, p < 0.023, p < 0.05, respectively). The FR thresholds for changes in PC, IL-6 and CK were 70%, 70%, and 50%, respectively. PC returned to non-ischemic control levels during the 45min recovery period independent of % FR, whereas IL-6 and CK remained significantly elevated between runs. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that relatively small reductions in FR increase oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart before there is evidence of irreversible cellular injury.
Mid-IR supercontinuum generated in low-dispersion Ge-on-Si waveguides pumped by sub-ps pulses (2017)

Ge-on-Si is an attractive material platform for mid-IR broadband sources on a chip because of its wide transparency window, high Kerr nonlinearity and CMOS compatibility. We present a low-loss Ge-on-Si waveguide with flat and low dispersion from 3 to 11 µm, which enables a coherent supercontinuum from 2 to 12 µm, generated using a sub-ps pulsed pump. We show that 700-fs pump pulses with a low peak power of 400 W are needed to generate such a wide supercontinuum, and the waveguide length is around 5.35 mm.
Compiling devices: locality in a TMS (1993)

This paper presents a new practical approach for exploiting Truth Maintenance Systems (TMSs) which makes them simpler to use without necessarily incurring a substantial performance penalty. The basic intuition
Noble metal deposition modulation on amorphous photochromic diarylethene film (2014)

We investigated deposition modulation by noble metals on a photochromic diarylethene (DAE) film. Differences in color and sheet resistance (Rs) between the metal films deposited on the colored and colorless DAE films were observed. We observed Rs ratios of 106 for Ag, 107 for Cu, and 104 for Au. We found that the color and Rs differences were caused by the size differences in the metal nanocrystals on the deposited films. The difference in Rs was increased further after ozone oxidation treatment of the samples. We also demonstrated that this phenomenon can be applied to wiring in electronics and the crosstalk between adjacent wiring can be reduced by ozone oxidation treatment.
Authenticating aviation augmentation system broadcasts (2010)

This paper studies the feasibility and means by which authentication can be overlaid upon the existing SBAS and GBAS designs. It considers how to achieve the authentication that is compatible with the current augmentation system and its users. It also considers how to perform the security necessary to support authentication within the current NAS framework. One important issue is secure key distribution and the paper presents some options designed to be reasonable for aviation infrastructure and operations. One means is a key distribution protocol that utilizes the operation of the aircraft and air traffic to aid in key verification. This provides to distribute keys and provide some ability to validate them without significant additions to the NAS. Another issue is bandwidth. The paper presents ways of modifying protocols such as TESLA to reduce bandwidth use while maintaining an acceptable level of security. The paper uses the current L1 SBAS and GBAS as case studies. The paper presents reasonable method to provide authentication on the current SBAS using about ten percent of bandwidth. The method is compatible to current SBAS user equipment in that they will not be adversely affected. GBAS can employ similar means. As it has greater data bandwidth, a more critical issue for GBAS is key distribution to the ground stations.
High linear density study of advanced single pole head (2003)

Summary form only given. As medium coercivity continues to increase we believe that perpendicular recording will enable us to continue increasing the areal density in the future due to the imaging effect of the soft underlayer of the recording medium. We have previously shown that very high, linear densities can be achieved in perpendicular recording, thus enabling higher bit-aspect-ratio recording systems than that of conventional longitudinal recording systems (F. Liu et al., TMRC 2001). Compared to results for ring heads, modeling results show that higher write field and sharper write field gradients can be generated with single pole heads on perpendicular media with soft under-layers. In this paper, we study the performance of single pole heads for perpendicular recording at ultra high linear density.
Theory of safe replacements for sequential circuits (2001)

We address the problem of developing suitable criteria for design replacement in the context of sequential logic synthesis. There have been previous efforts to characterize replacements for such designs. However, all previous attempts either make implicit or explicit assumptions about the design or the environment of the design. For example, it is widespread practice to assume the existence of a hardware reset line and, consequently, a fixed power-up state; in the absence of the same, a common premise is that the design's environment will apply an initializing sequence. We present the notion of safe replaceability, which does away with these assumptions, and prove a number of properties that hold of it. Most importantly, we show that the notion is sound, i.e., if design D/sub 1/ is a safe replacement for design D/sub 0/, then no environment can determine if D/sub 1/ is used in place of D/sub 0/ and that the notion is complete, i.e., if D/sub 1/ is not a safe replacement for D/sub 0/ then there exists an environment that can detect if D/sub 1/ is used in place of D/sub 0/. Completeness is important for logic synthesis and verification because it specifies the maximum allowable flexibility for replacement. When the design's output is not used for a certain number of cycles after power up, then safe replaceability can be relaxed to obtain what we refer to as delay safe replaceability; we analyze properties of this notion too. Since our work, many papers have used this notion effectively for sequential optimization.
VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL DAS PRECIPITAÇÕES NO SISTEMA LACUSTREBONFIM - RN (2006)

O sistema lacustre Bonfim, localizado no litoral Leste do RN, tem sido alvo de muitosestudos recentemente tendo em vista a sua utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o, a partir da capta&ccedil;&atilde;o na lagoa do Bonfim, paraatender as regi&otilde;es do interior deste Estado. Este trabalho procura analisar as varia&ccedil;&otilde;es espacial dasprecipita&ccedil;&otilde;es na regi&atilde;o do Bonfim atrav&eacute;s da instala&ccedil;&atilde;o de uma rede de monitoramento com 4pluvi&ocirc;metros. Conclui-se que a zona de recarga da lagoa do Bonfim &eacute; a que menos chove, tanto emper&iacute;odos favor&aacute;veis quanto em per&iacute;odos secos, com diferen&ccedil;as de at&eacute; 19,4%, em um raio de apenas7 Km, o que pode demonstrar uma certa fragilidade da mesma. Entretanto essa diferen&ccedil;a podechegar a 30% em per&iacute;odos secos, quando se considera regi&otilde;es mais distantes (cerca de 20-25 Km),mas que per&iacute;odos de precipita&ccedil;&otilde;es significativas as chuvas tem uma distribui&ccedil;&atilde;o mais homog&ecirc;neaao longo do litoral Leste.
Copper-Catalyzed Vinylation of Hydrazides. A Regioselective Entry to Highly Substituted Pyrroles (2007)

A modular route to highly substituted pyrroles has been developed. This transformation consists of two sequential copper-catalyzed vinylations of bis-Boc-hydrazine followed by thermal rearrangement/cyclization. A wide variety of functionalized pyrroles can be prepared in a selective manner from simple and easily accessible precursors. [reaction: see text]
Tamoxifen in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (TAMDMD): study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trial (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder of childhood with a devastating disease course. Several targeted gene therapies and molecular approaches have been or are currently tested in clinical trials; however, a causative therapy is still not available and best supportive care is limited to oral glucocorticoids with numerous long-term side effects. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor regulator, and shows besides its antitumor activity also antioxidant actions and regulatory roles in the calcium homeostasis. In a mouse model of DMD, oral tamoxifen significantly improved muscle strength and reduced muscle fatigue. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled phase 3 trial aims to demonstrate safety and efficacy of tamoxifen over placebo in pediatric patients with DMD. After completion of the double-blind phase, an open label extension of the study will be offered to all participants. METHODS/DESIGN At least 71 ambulant and up to 20 non-ambulant patients with DMD are planned to be enrolled at multiple European sites. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive either tamoxifen 20mg or placebo daily over 48 weeks. In the open-label extension phase, all patients will be offered to receive tamoxifen for further 48 weeks. The primary endpoint of the double-blind phase is defined as the change of the D1 domain of the motor function measure in ambulant patients or a change of the D2 domain in non-ambulant patients under tamoxifen compared to placebo. Secondary outcome measures include change in timed function tests, quantitative muscle testing, and quantitative MRI of thigh muscles. Laboratory analyses including biomarkers of tamoxifen metabolism and muscle dystrophy will also be assessed. DISCUSSION The aim of the study is to investigate whether tamoxifen can reduce disease progression in ambulant and non-ambulant DMD patients over 48 weeks. Motor function measure comprises the primary endpoint, whereas further clinical and radiological assessments and laboratory biomarkers are performed to provide more data on safety and efficacy. An adjacent open label extension phase is planned to test if earlier initiation of the treatment with tamoxifen (verum arm of double blind phase) compared to a delayed start can reduce disease progression more efficiently.
Targeted Organ Generation Using Mixl1 -Inducible Mouse Pluripotent Stem Cells in Blastocyst Complementation (2014)

Generation of functional organs from patients' own cells is one of the ultimate goals of regenerative medicine. As a novel approach to creation of organs from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), we employed blastocyst complementation in organogenesis-disabled animals and successfully generated PSC-derived pancreas and kidneys. Blastocyst complementation, which exploits the capacity of PSCs to participate in forming chimeras, does not, however, exclude contribution of PSCs to the development of tissues-including neural cells or germ cells-other than those specifically targeted by disabling of organogenesis. This fact provokes ethical controversy if human PSCs are to be used. In this study, we demonstrated that forced expression of Mix-like protein 1 (encoded by Mixl1) can be used to guide contribution of mouse embryonic stem cells to endodermal organs after blastocyst injection. We then succeeded in applying this method to generate functional pancreas in pancreatogenesis-disabled Pdx1 knockout mice using a newly developed tetraploid-based organ-complementation method. These findings hold promise for targeted organ generation from patients' own PSCs in livestock animals.
New insights into Brunner syndrome and potential for targeted therapy (2015)

We report two families with Brunner syndrome living in one state of Australia. The first family had a predicted protein-truncating variant of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) (p.S251KfsX2). Affected males had mild intellectual disability (ID), obsessive behaviour, limited friendships and were introverted and placid during clinical interview. The family disclosed episodic explosive aggression after a diagnosis was made. The second family had a missense variant in MAOA (p.R45W). Affected males had borderline-mild ID, attention deficit disorder and limited friendships. One had a history of explosive aggression in childhood and episodic symptoms of flushing, headaches and diarrhoea. Their carrier mother had normal intelligence but similar episodic symptoms. Characteristic biochemical abnormalities included high serum serotonin and urinary metanephrines and low urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). Symptomatic individuals in the second family had particularly high serotonin levels, and treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and dietary modification resulted in reversal of biochemical abnormalities, reduction of 'serotonergic' symptoms and behavioural improvement. Brunner syndrome should be considered as a cause of mild ID with paroxysmal behavioural symptoms. It can be screened for with serum/urine metanephrine and serotonin measurement. Cautious treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, dietary modifications and avoidance of medications contraindicated in patients on monoamine oxidase inhibitors can improve symptoms.
Observation of ultrafast interband-light modulation by intersubband-light in n-doped quantum wells by using free electron laser (2002)

An intersubband-transition (ISB-T) in a semiconductor quantum well (QW) has been drawing much attention due to its unique characteristics such as ultrafast energy relaxation time (/spl sim/1 ps) and large transition probability. In this paper, we report for the first time a picosecond range all-optical modulation by using a free electron laser (FEL) as the ISB-light. This has become possible by the attractive features ofthe FEL such as ultra-short pulse operation, wide tunability of the lasing wavelength, and high peak power keeping the average power low. The sample utilized for the experiment has a multiple quantum well structure with 30 periods of GaAs wells and Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As barrier layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on a GaAs substrate, where the barrier layers were selectively n-doped with Si.
Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Iron Borate Betaine Complexes as a Route to Single-Component Iron Ethylene Oligomerization and Polymerization Catalysts (2015)

A new route to single-component iron ethylene oligomerization and polymerization catalysts is described. Treatment of readily synthesized iron butadiene complexes with B(C6F5)3 generated the corresponding betaine compounds, active catalysts for the oligomerization and polymerization of ethylene. The electronic structures of a family of iron compounds bearing tridentate, α-diimine phosphine ligands have been determined, including cases where the neutral donor has dissociated from the metal. In iron-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization with these compounds, the hemilability of the chelate has been identified as a catalyst deactiviation pathway.
miR-125b and miR-532-3p predict the efficiency of rituximab-mediated lymphodepletion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. A French Innovative Leukemia Organization study (2017)

The underlying <i>in vivo</i> mechanisms of rituximab action remain incompletely understood in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Recent data suggest that circulating micro-ribonucleic acids correlate with chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression and response to rituximab. Our study aimed at identifying circulating micro-ribonucleic acids that predict response to rituximab monotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Using a hierarchical clustering of micro-ribonucleic acid expression profiles discriminating 10 untreated patients with low or high lymphocyte counts, we found 26 micro-ribonucleic acids significantly deregulated. Using individual real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the expression levels of micro-ribonucleic acids representative of these two clusters were further validated in a larger cohort (n=61). MiR-125b and miR-532-3p were inversely correlated with rituximab-induced lymphodepletion (<i>P</i>=0.020 and <i>P</i>=0.001, respectively) and with the CD20 expression on CD19<sup>+</sup> cells (<i>P</i>=0.0007 and <i>P</i><0.0001, respectively). <i>In silico</i> analyses of genes putatively targeted by both micro-ribonucleic acids revealed a central role of the interleukin-10 pathway and CD20 (MS4A1) family members. Interestingly, both micro-ribonucleic acids were negatively correlated with <i>MS4A1</i> expression, while they were positively correlated with <i>MS4A3</i> and <i>MSA47</i> Our results identify novel circulating predictive biomarkers for rituximab-mediated lymphodepletion efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and suggest a novel molecular mechanism responsible for the rituximab mode of action that bridges miR-125b and miR-532-3p and CD20 family members. (<i>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: 01370772</i>).
Analysis and Operation of Modular Multilevel Converters With Phase-Shifted Carrier PWM (2014)

Many publications have been presented on the modulation and control of the modular multilevel converter, some of which are based on phase-shifted carrier modulation. This paper presents an analysis of how the switching frequency affects the capacitor voltages, circulating currents, and alternating voltages using phase-shifted carrier modulation. It is found that switching frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency should be avoided as they can cause the capacitor voltages to diverge. Suitable switching frequencies are derived for which the arm and line quantities will be periodic with symmetric operating conditions in the upper and lower arms. Thus, the practical outcome of this paper is a detailed description of how the switching frequency should be chosen in order to achieve advantageous operating conditions. The theoretical results from the analysis are validated by both simulations and experimental results.