gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Microscopic Observation of Morphology in Liquid Crystal/Polymer Composites and Their Electro-Optical Properties (2013)

Abstract We have discovered that bicyclohexyl is suitable for extracting liquid crystals from liquid crystal/polymer composites consisting of a continuous phase of nematic liquid crystal and a three-dimensional polymer network. It was confirmed in optical microscopic observation for the morphology of composites that a polymer structure, observed after extraction of liquid crystals from composites by bicyclohexyl, accorded well with the structure observed by a non-destructive method at a higher temperature than the nematic–isotropic transition point of the liquid crystal. The relationship between the polymer structure in the composite which was evaluated by the non-destructive method and the condition of phase separation induced by photo-polymerization was closely investigated from an aspect of a phase diagram and the speed of phase separation controlled by the intensity of irradiation by UV light. The electro-optical characteristics of the liquid crystal/polymer composite cells were found to be strongly affected by the polymer structure, especially the pore size of the three-dimensional network, which was especially sensitive to the intensity of UV light. Keywords: Electro-optical characteristicsliquid crystal/polymer compositemorphologyoptical microscopy
Simple Diagnosis of Lifetime Characteristics of Used Automotive Storage Battery Cells (2022)

In constructing a nanogrid for the effective use of renewable energy, such as solar power, the use of storage batteries is considered as a stabilizer for capturing renewable energy and outputting it in an energy-saving manner. Storage batteries that are included in a battery management system that includes their reuse in a vehicle are expected to be discharged into the market in large quantities over their long lifetime. Storage battery modules obtained from an unspecified number of electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid vehicles (HVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs) will vary in their charge/discharge capacity from module to module and it is crucial to determine the stability in terms of the state of charge and the state of health of the modules before their reuse. However, in an automotive storage battery module, multiple battery cells are connected in series or in parallel, and there is no established method of managing the variation in the output of each battery cell. Therefore, in this study, we propose an accurate charge–discharge state estimation technique for each cell using impedance characteristic evaluation based on an electrochemical method as a simple and quick method of grasping the charge–discharge performance of storage batteries equipped in a vehicle.
Bidirectional ULH Transmission of 160-Gb/s Full-Duplex Capacity Over 5000 km in a Fully Bidirectional Recirculating Loop (2004)

A bidirectional transmission system with 16 10-Gb/s dense wavelength-division-multiplexing channels on 32 wavelengths is demonstrated over 5000 km (50/spl times/100 km) of nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber in a fully bidirectional recirculating loop, for a full-duplex capacity-distance product of 800 Tb/s /spl middot/ km. This bidirectional architecture shares the optical fiber, optical amplifiers, dispersion compensators, and dynamic gain equalizers between the two traffic directions, significantly reducing the common optical equipment costs of ultralong-haul transmission systems.
Interaural correlation discrimination from diffuse field reference correlations (2013)

Just noticeable differences in interaural correlation (ρ-jnds) from diffuse sound field reference correlations are obtained. In a three-interval, three-alternative forced-choice procedure, ρ-jnds are measured for positive and negative deviations from nine narrowband reference conditions. Stimuli are 1 equivalent rectangular bandwidth wide noise bursts with center frequencies between 165 and 1500 Hz. The frequency dependent reference correlation (ρref) is determined by the simulated interaural correlation under ideal diffuse sound field conditions. Results show that the interaural correlation at threshold for deviation toward the positive correlation range follows the reference curve in a nonlinear fashion. For deviation toward the negative correlation range the interaural correlation at threshold is further afar the reference curve and does not markedly resemble its trend. The results indicate that the previously found asymmetry for correlation discrimination from uncorrelated broadband stimuli to the positive and negative correlation range becomes less pronounced for narrowband stimuli. For positive deviation, the highest jnds are found for the region where the reference curve occupies the global minimum in ρref; despite that, the interaural correlation at threshold for positive deviation exhibits its lowest value at that point.
Employing racemic precursors in directed biosynthesis of 6‐dEB analogs (2002)

Abstract Substitution of racemic diketide thioesters for optically pure compounds in precursor‐fed fermentations was investigated. These substrates were shown to be as effective as optically pure materials in diketide‐fed fermentation processes for producing analogs of 6‐deoxyerythronolide B. However, since half of the racemic mixture is not utilizable for polyketide biosynthesis, higher total levels of diketide are required. Toxicity to cells was evident at high diketide concentrations. In fermenters, exhaust gas analysis was used to indicate the optimal time for diketide addition. While both enantiomers were shown to disappear from cultures at similar rates, the presence of unincorporated enantiomer had minimal effect on polyketide production within a range of feed concentrations. Use of racemic diketide thioesters was successful and dramatically reduced the cost of the fermentation process. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon-hydrogen activation mechanisms and regioselectivity in the cyclometalation reactions of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)thorium dialkyl complexes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-hydrogen activation mechanisms and regioselectivity in the cyclometalation reactions of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)thorium dialkyl complexesJoseph W. Bruno, Gregory M. Smith, Tobin J. Marks, C. Kay. Fair, Arthur J. Schultz, and Jack M. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 1, 40–56Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00261a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00261a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1350Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High-throughput RNA isoform sequencing using programmable cDNA concatenation (2021)

Abstract Alternative splicing is a core biological process that enables profound and essential diversification of gene function. Short-read RNA sequencing approaches fail to resolve RNA isoforms and therefore primarily enable gene expression measurements - an isoform unaware representation of the transcriptome. Conversely, full-length RNA sequencing using long-read technologies are able to capture complete transcript isoforms, but their utility is deeply constrained due to throughput limitations. Here, we introduce MAS-ISO-seq, a technique for programmably concatenating cDNAs into single molecules optimal for long-read sequencing, boosting the throughput &gt;15 fold to nearly 40 million cDNA reads per run on the Sequel IIe sequencer. We validated unambiguous isoform assignment with MAS-ISO-seq using a synthetic RNA isoform library and applied this approach to single-cell RNA sequencing of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Results demonstrated a &gt;30 fold boosted discovery of differentially spliced genes and robust cell clustering, as well as canonical PTPRC splicing patterns across T cell subpopulations and the concerted expression of the associated hnRNPLL splicing factor. Methods such as MAS-ISO-seq will drive discovery of novel isoforms and the transition from gene expression to transcript isoform expression analyses.
Quasilinear scattering from waves driven by beam-plasma instabilities. Memorandum report (1980)

The Starfish southern conjugate rebrightening is explained by velocity diffusion perpendicular to the earth's magnetic field line. The diffusion is caused by particle scattering off of the harmonics of ion cyclotron waves commonly called Bernstein modes. Quasilinear estimates of the wave fluctuation levels indicate that the debris streaming down the field lines will excite these waves and then be scattered by them.
New test of quantum mechanics: Is Planck’s constant unique? (1991)

We discuss the possibility that different realms of physics are described by distinct quantization constants. From the consistency of existing data, we infer limits on the differences between hypothetically distinct quantization constants for different elementary particles. Since the existence of multiple Planck constants implies violations of space-time symmetries, these limits may be viewed as precise tests of fundamental conservation laws, including the conservation of linear momentum and energy.
Yawning and locomotor behavior induced by dopamine receptor agonists in mice and rats (2010)

Dopaminergic (DA) agonist-induced yawning in rats seems to be mediated by DA D3 receptors, and low doses of several DA agonists decrease locomotor activity, an effect attributed to presynaptic D2 receptors. Effects of several DA agonists on yawning and locomotor activity were examined in rats and mice. Yawning was reliably produced in rats, and by the cholinergic agonist, physostigmine, in both the species. However, DA agonists were ineffective in producing yawning in Swiss-Webster or DA D2R and DA D3R knockout or wild-type mice. The drugs significantly decreased locomotor activity in rats at one or two low doses, with activity returning to control levels at higher doses. In mice, the drugs decreased locomotion across a 1000-10 000-fold range of doses, with activity at control levels (U-91356A) or above control levels [(+/-)-7-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin HBr, quinpirole] at the highest doses. Low doses of agonists decreased locomotion in all mice except the DA D2R knockout mice, but were not antagonized by DA D2R or D3R antagonists (L-741 626, BP 897, or PG01037). Yawning does not provide a selective in-vivo indicator of DA D3R agonist activity in mice. Decreases in mouse locomotor activity by the DA agonists seem to be mediated by D2 DA receptors.
Temperaturberechnung an den Artikulationsflächen beim künstlichen Hüftgelenk (2001)

Bei Hüftgelenkersatz reduziert die Verwendung von Kugelköpfen und Pfannen aus Aluminiumoxidkeramik die Abriebrate. Es wird der Einsatz Y-TZP Zirkondioxidkeramik vorgeschlagen. Die Vorgänge an den Artikulationsflächen Kopf/Pfanne sind nicht vollständig verstanden, besonders die durch Reibwärme verursachte Temperaturerhöhung. Bei der phasenstabilen Aluminiumoxidkeramik werden keine ungünstigen Effekte beobachtet, bei Y-TZP dagegen kann durch reibbedingte Temperaturerhöhung und das Herauslösen des Yttriumoxides die Phasenumwandlung des Y-TZP ausgelöst werden und das Herauslösen des Yttriumoxides. Mit Hilfe des Modells nach Blok, Jaeger und Kuhlmann – Wilsdorf sind unter in vivo Randbedingungen die Blitztemperaturen in den Mikrokontakten der verschiedenen keramischen Artikulationspartner bestimmt worden. Die Oberflächentemperaturen sind für die Gleitpaarung Y-TZP/Y-TZP höher als für Al2O3/Al2O3. In hip replacement the wear rate is reduced when using femoral heads and acetabular cups made of alumina ceramics. It is proposed to use Y-TZP zirconia ceramics. The process on the articulating surfaces head/cup are not totally understood, especially the temperature rise due to frictional heating. Alumina is a stable material, no problems are expected. When using Y-TZP its phase transition may be triggered due to frictional heating and the leaching out of yttria. The model proposed by Blok, Jaeger and Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf was used to calculate the flash temperature under in vivo conditions. The surface temperature of the wear couple Y-TZP/Y-TZP was higher than the one for alumina/alumina.
Model-based Deep Learning on Ultrasound Channel Data for Fast Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (2021)

Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) can break the diffraction limit of ultrasound imaging. However, a long data acquisition time is often required due to the use of low concentrations of microbubbles (MBs) for high localization accuracy. Lately, deep learning-based methods that can robustly localize high concentrations of microbubbles (MBs) have been proposed to overcome this constraint. In particular, deep unfolded ULM has shown promising results with a few parameters by using a sparsity prior. In this work, deep unfolded ULM is further extended to perform beamforming as well as MB localization. The proposed network learns data-dependent beamforming weights that are optimal for deep unfolded ULM to locate MBs. The images beamformed by the network were sharper than delay-and-sum beamformed images. In a simulated test set at an MB density of 3.84 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> , the proposed network reconstructed 87 % of MBs with the precision of 0.99 while achieving comparable localization accuracy to deep unfolded ULM, when centroid detection and deep unfolded ULM reconstructed 42 % and 67 % of MBs with the precision of 0.75 and 0.99, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic and Heteroatom Derivatives of Buckminsterfullerene C60 (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cosmic Muon Rates and Neutron Background in a Backpack Radiation Detection System (2023)

Radiation detection systems for security applications are often equipped with neutron sensors and are required to promptly respond with an alarm if the neutron flux exceeds the background level. As the ambient neutron flux is essentially caused by cosmic radiation, this background could be evaluated by assessing the rate of muons crossing the gamma-ray detector which is comprised in such systems anyway. A study performed with a commercial backpack radiation detection system demonstrates the feasibility of this approach, assuming the gamma spectrometer is capable of discriminating muon signals from energetic events caused by the gamma-ray cascades following neutron captures. This requires a dynamic range exceeding the usual 3–4 MeV. The instrument used provided standard spectroscopy up to 10 MeV and facilitated charge-loss compensated spectroscopy up to 1 GeV, which allowed a separate assessment of normal gamma events (< 3 MeV), neutron-capture (n.c.) gamma events (3–7 MeV), and muon events (>10 MeV). In this case, the rate of n.c. gamma events can be used as a neutron indicator on its own, while the muon rate signals the ambient neutron background level.
Discovery and genotyping of structural variation from long-read haploid genome sequence data (2016)

In an effort to more fully understand the full spectrum of human genetic variation, we generated deep single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing data from two haploid human genomes. By using an assembly-based approach (SMRT-SV), we systematically assessed each genome independently for structural variants (SVs) and indels resolving the sequence structure of 461,553 genetic variants from 2 bp to 28 kbp in length. We find that >89% of these variants have been missed as part of analysis of the 1000 Genomes Project even after adjusting for more common variants (MAF > 1%). We estimate that this theoretical human diploid differs by as much as ∼16 Mbp with respect to the human reference, with long-read sequencing data providing a fivefold increase in sensitivity for genetic variants ranging in size from 7 bp to 1 kbp compared with short-read sequence data. Although a large fraction of genetic variants were not detected by short-read approaches, once the alternate allele is sequence-resolved, we show that 61% of SVs can be genotyped in short-read sequence data sets with high accuracy. Uncoupling discovery from genotyping thus allows for the majority of this missed common variation to be genotyped in the human population. Interestingly, when we repeat SV detection on a pseudodiploid genome constructed in silico by merging the two haploids, we find that ∼59% of the heterozygous SVs are no longer detected by SMRT-SV. These results indicate that haploid resolution of long-read sequencing data will significantly increase sensitivity of SV detection.
Development of an Enhanced High-Yield Influenza Vaccine Backbone in Embryonated Chicken Eggs (2023)

Vaccination is an efficient approach to preventing influenza virus infections. Recently, we developed influenza A and B virus vaccine backbones that increased the yield of several vaccine viruses in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells. These vaccine backbones also increased viral replication in embryonated chicken eggs, which are the most frequently used platform for influenza vaccine manufacturing. In this study, to further increase the viral titers in embryonated chicken eggs, we introduced random mutations into the 'internal genes' (i.e., all influenza viral genes except those encoding the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins) of the influenza A virus high-yield virus backbone we developed previously. The randomly mutated viruses were sequentially passaged in embryonated chicken eggs to select variants with increased replicative ability. We identified a candidate that conferred higher influenza virus growth than the high-yield parental virus backbone. Although the observed increases in virus growth may be considered small, they are highly relevant for vaccine manufacturers.
Data from Genomic Heterogeneity and Exceptional Response to Dual Pathway Inhibition in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Cancers may resist single-agent targeted therapies when the flux of cellular growth signals is shifted from one pathway to another. Blockade of multiple pathways may be necessary for effective inhibition of tumor growth. We document a case in which a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) failed to respond to either mTOR/PI3K or combined RAF/MEK inhibition but experienced a dramatic response when both drug regimens were combined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Multi-region whole-exome sequencing of five diagnostic and four autopsy tumor biopsies was performed. Meta-analysis of DNA and RNA sequencing studies of ATC was performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Sequencing revealed truncal BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, which are known to activate the MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways, respectively. Meta-analysis demonstrated 10.3% cooccurrence of MAPK and PI3K pathway alterations in ATC. These tumors display a separate transcriptional profile from other ATCs, consistent with a novel subgroup of ATC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; BRAF and PIK3CA mutations define a distinct subset of ATC. Blockade of the MAPK and PI3K pathways appears necessary for tumor response in this subset of ATC. This identification of synergistic activity between targeted agents may inform clinical trial design in ATC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2367–73. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
When is the Achievable Rate Region Convex in Two-User Massive MIMO Systems? (2018)

This letter investigates the achievable rate region in massive multiple-input-multiple-output systems with two users, with a focus on the i.i.d. Rayleigh fading and line-of-sight (LoS) scenarios. If the rate region is convex, spatial multiplexing is preferable to orthogonal scheduling, while the opposite is true for non-convex regions. We prove that the uplink and downlink rate regions with i.i.d. Rayleigh fading are convex, while the convexity in LoS depends on parameters such as angular user separation, number of antennas, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Supplementary Figure 1 from Potent <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> Activity of an Fc-Engineered Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody against Lymphoma and Leukemia (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Potent &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Activity of an Fc-Engineered Anti-CD19 Monoclonal Antibody against Lymphoma and Leukemia
AZ1350J as a Deep‐U.V. Mask Material (1980)

The conventional near‐u.v.‐and‐visible (310–430 nm) resist AZ1350J is found to be useful as a mask opaque material for deep‐u.v. (200–260 nm) lithography because of increased optical absorption at wavelengths below 300 nm. Only 0.2 μm is required to obtain a contrast of 100 using a Xe‐Hg arc lamp and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) as the photoresist. The AZ mask does not deteriorate when exposed to light if kept in a vacuum below 10−2 Torr. Otherwise, about 300 passes can be expected. Experimental printing results show 1 μm images in 1.5 μm of PMMA. Special applications in projection printing, contact printing, and the portable conformable mask technique are discussed.
Particle Filtering for Automotive: A survey (2019)

Since its introduction more than two decades ago, the particle filter has become an established technique for nonlinear state estimation, due to its capability to cope with severe nonlinearities and non-Gaussian noise. More recently, there has also been rapid development in particle filtering for learning, either for real-time estimation of unknown parameters in the system, or for offline system identification. Due to the increased flexibility the particle filter has been applied in such diverse areas as meteorology, medical imaging, video analysis, robotics, self-driving cars, and aerial vehicles. In this paper, we survey particle filters in vehicle applications, with particular focus on autonomous vehicles. We describe the particle filter and its relation to marginalization and conjugate priors, which are key enablers in several important applications. Based on our own research, we present three recent use cases of particle filtering in the automotive industry and give an outlook on potential research directions.