gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating microRNA Profiling Identifies a Subset of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients with Evidence of Cancer-Associated Hypoxia (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼22 nucleotide) non-coding RNAs that regulate a myriad of biological processes and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. Cancer-associated microRNAs have been detected in serum and plasma and hold promise as minimally invasive cancer biomarkers, potentially for assessing disease characteristics in patients with metastatic disease that is difficult to biopsy. Here we used miRNA profiling to identify cancer-associated miRNAs that are differentially expressed in sera from patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) as compared to healthy controls. Of 365 miRNAs profiled, we identified five serum miRNAs (miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-210 and miR-375) that were elevated in cases compared to controls across two independent cohorts. One of these, miR-210, is a known transcriptional target of the hypoxia-responsive HIF-1α signaling pathway. Exposure of cultured prostate cancer cells to hypoxia led to induction of miR-210 and its release into the extracellular environment. Moreover, we found that serum miR-210 levels varied widely amongst mCRPC patients undergoing therapy, and correlated with treatment response as assessed by change in PSA. Our results suggest that (i) cancer-associated hypoxia is a frequent, previously under-appreciated characteristic of mCRPC, and (ii) serum miR-210 may be further developed as a predictive biomarker in patients with this distinct disease biology.
RETRACTED: Fluorinated Analogs of Organosulfur Compounds from Garlic (Allium sativum): Synthesis, Chemistry and Anti-Angiogenesis and Antithrombotic Studies (2017)

We describe the synthesis, reactivity, and antithrombotic and anti-angiogenesis activity of difluoroallicin (<i>S</i>-(2-fluoroallyl) 2-fluoroprop-2-ene-1-sulfinothioate) and <i>S</i>-2-fluoro-2-propenyl-l-cysteine, both easily prepared from commercially available 3-chloro-2-fluoroprop-1-ene, as well as the synthesis of 1,2-bis(2-fluoroallyl)disulfane, 5-fluoro-3-(1-fluorovinyl)-3,4-dihydro-1,2-dithiin, trifluoroajoene ((<i>E</i>,<i>Z</i>)-1-(2-fluoro-3-((2-fluoroallyl)sulfinyl)prop-1-en-1-yl)-2-(2-fluoroallyl)disulfane), and a bis(2-fluoroallyl)polysulfane mixture. All tested organosulfur compounds demonstrated effective inhibition of either FGF or VEG-mediated angiogenesis (anti-angiogenesis activity) in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) or the mouse Matrigel<sup>®</sup> models. No embryo mortality was observed. Difluoroallicin demonstrated greater inhibition (<i>p</i> < 0.01) versus organosulfur compounds tested. Difluoroallicin demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis in the mouse Matrigel<sup>®</sup> model, with maximal inhibition at 0.01 mg/implant. Allicin and difluoroallicin showed an effective antiplatelet effect in suppressing platelet aggregation compared to other organosulfur compounds tested. In platelet/fibrin clotting (anti-coagulant activity), difluoroallicin showed concentration-dependent inhibition of clot strength compared to allicin and the other organosulfur compounds tested.
5G Field Experimental Trial on Frequency Domain Multiplexing of Mixed Numerology (2017)

This paper presents a field experimental trial on frequency-domain multiplexing of a mixture of multiple numerologies. The goal is to support diverse applications and services in the fifth generation mobile communications (5G) system. Frequency-domain multiplexing of mixed numerology has been discussed for 5G in order to flexibly support the variety of requirements introduced by future applications. However, frequency-domain multiplexing of mixed numerology causes inter sub-band interference. In this paper, we apply filtered-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (f-OFDM), which is a new waveform, in order to reduce the inter sub-band interference. Through the field trial, we show that f-OFDM realizes mixed numerology while reducing the impact from inter sub-band interference compared to conventional cyclic prefix OFDM. The field trial results show that f-OFDM has no throughput degradation when using more than one guard subcarrier.
The microRNA-212/132 cluster regulates B cell development by targeting Sox4 (2015)

MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators of B cell fate decisions and immune function. Deregulation of several microRNAs in B cells leads to the development of autoimmune disease and cancer in mice. We demonstrate that the microRNA-212/132 cluster (miR-212/132) is induced in B cells in response to B cell receptor signaling. Enforced expression of miR-132 results in a block in early B cell development at the prepro-B cell to pro-B cell transition and induces apoptosis in primary bone marrow B cells. Importantly, loss of miR-212/132 results in accelerated B cell recovery after antibody-mediated B cell depletion. We find that Sox4 is a target of miR-132 in B cells. Co-expression of SOX4 with miR-132 rescues the defect in B cell development from overexpression of miR-132 alone, thus suggesting that miR-132 may regulate B lymphopoiesis through Sox4. In addition, we show that the expression of miR-132 can inhibit cancer development in cells that are prone to B cell cancers, such as B cells expressing the c-Myc oncogene. We have thus uncovered miR-132 as a novel contributor to B cell development.
Cobalt-Mediated Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines (2005)

A regioselective synthesis of polycyclic substituted ­pyridines is reported. Key step is the cobalt-catalyzed intramole­cular cyclization of diynenitriles, tethered by a silicon oxygen bond. Subsequent opening of the Si-O ring led then to the related tetra­hydroquinolines.
Determination of the Karplus relationships for the C‐2, H‐1′ and C‐6, H‐1′ vicinal coupling paths of uridine derivatives (1985)

Abstract A number of uracil cyclo‐nucleosides with known glycosidic bond conformations have been synthesized as model compounds for evaluating the Karplus parameters of vicinal carbon‐proton coupling across the glycosidic bond. The magnitudes of 3 J (C‐2, H‐1′) and 3 J (C‐6, H‐1′) were determined from proton‐coupled 13 C NMR measurements, and both coupling constants showed an approximate Karplus dependence with dihedral angle. Careful analysis of the results on model compounds reveals that the C‐2, H‐1′ and C‐6, H‐1′ coupling paths are not equivalent, and so the magnitudes of Karplus parameters have been determined for each coupling path for the Karplus relationship in the form 3 J = A cos 2 θ + B cos θ + C , i.e. A 6 = 6.2, B 6 = −2.4 and C 6 = 0.1 Hz and A 2 = 5.0, B 2 = 2.1 and C 2 = 0.1 Hz. Comparison is made between proton‐carbon coupling magnitudes in nucleoside and peptide coupling paths.
Novel antifungal antibiotics octacosamicins A and B. II. The structure elucidation using various NMR spectroscopic methods. (1988)

The structures of octacosamicins A and B, two new antifungal antibiotics, were studied by spectrometries and chemical modifications. The 2D NMR techniques including 1H-detected heteronuclear multiple bond correlation method were successfully applied to this study. These antibiotics have unique linear chain structure possessing N-hydroxyguanidyl group at the terminal.
Miscibility Variation in Compositionally Grading Reservoirs (1998)

Minimimum miscibility conditions of pressure and enrichment (MMP/MME) have been computed using an equation of state (EOS) for a number of reservoir fluid systems exhibiting a compositional gradient with depth due to gravity/chemical equilibrium. MMP/MME conditions are calculated using a multicell algorithm developed by Aaron Zick, where the condensing/vaporizing (C/V) mechanism of developed miscibility is used as the true measure of minimum miscibility conditions, when it exists. The Zick algorithm is verified by detailed 1D
Cloud Services Architectures (2015)

In recent years, types of user devices and applications for cloud services have grown rapidly with little standardization. The users prefer services that are on-demand, scalable, survivable and secure with usage-based billing. In order to meet these demands, service providers need to be able to quickly create the services and utilize their resources effectively. Standardization of interfaces and services is the key to achieve these objectives. Open Cloud Connect (OCC) was formed in 2013 to develop the standards. This paper will describe actors for Cloud Services and interfaces between them as defined in the first specification of OCC [1]. The interfaces can be physical, physical and logical, or virtual, supporting protocols up to layer seven. Cloud Services that are transported over Cloud Service Connections (cSCs) between Cloud Service Connection Termination Points (cSCTPs). Cloud Service architectures, components of the interfaces, cSC and cSCTPs are described. Possible attributes of the interfaces, cSC and cSCTP are listed.
Detection and estimation of chirp signals in non-Gaussian noise (2002)

Detection of chirps in (non-Gaussian) additive and multiplicative noise is explored via a novel cyclostationary approach. A least-squares method for parameter estimation in colored noise is proposed and asymptotic bounds are derived on the estimation error. Cramer-Rao lower bounds are developed for chirp parameter estimation if the multiplicative and additive noise is Gaussian. Finally, simpler parameter estimation algorithms that only require linear searches are proposed as alternatives to the computationally complex optimal schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antibody response to hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. (1994)

Liver transplantation and posttransplant immunosuppression lead to an attenuated antibody response to hepatitis C viral infection. Currently available assays for anti-HCV antibodies may be unreliable in the posttransplant setting.
Readily Accessible Fluorescent Probes for Sensitive Biological Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide (2013)

Hydrogen peroxide is a major component of oxygen metabolism in biological systems that, when present in high concentrations, can lead to oxidative stress in cells. Noninvasive molecular imaging of H(2)O(2) using fluorogenic systems represents an effective way to detect and measure the accumulation of this metabolite. Herein, we detail the development of robust H(2)O(2)-sensitive fluorescent probes using a boronic ester trigger appended to the fluorophore through a benzyl ether linkage. A major advantage of the probes presented here is their synthetic accessibility, with only one step needed to generate the probes on the gram scale. The sensitivity of the probes was evaluated in simulated physiological conditions, showing micromolar sensitivity to H(2)O(2). The probes were tested in biological model systems, demonstrating effective imaging of unstimulated, endogenous H(2)O(2) levels in RAW 264.7 cells and murine brain tissue.
Interconnect-limited VLSI architecture (2003)

As semiconductor technology scales, wires are becoming the dominant factor in determining system performance and power dissipation. By 2008, it is expected that chip traversal will require 16 clocks. Modern superscalar architectures that depend on global register files, global bypass structures, and global instruction issue logic are poorly matched to future semiconductor technology. This technology demands architectures that exploit locality and minimize global communication. In this paper, we describe three approaches to developing architectures that are well matched to interconnect-limited technology. These architectures reduce the use of global communication by clustering execution resources with their data and instruction storage and extending the storage hierarchy to the level of individual ALUs. They also make more efficient use of global interconnection by organizing it as a regular network, rather than a collection of ad-hoc dedicated wires.
Sakura: Services for Efficient Data-Consumption in Support of Incremental Web-Service Development (2016)

To meet the demand for rapid Web-service development, developers seek to efficiently consume existing data from multiple sources into a form that can be used by the new service. In this paper, we discuss our SAKURA prototype in which we created two services to facilitate such data consumption. The first, a “resource-aggregation” service, gives developers a “composed object” abstraction across multiple Web-services. The second, a “business object” caching service, improves the performance of accessing existing Web-services from the new application. We describe these two services and illustrate their benefits in the context of an extended scenario.
Optical Channel Monitoring Using Two Photon Absorption (2007)

Optical channel monitoring is used for managing and conditioning dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) signals in optically transparent transmission systems. In addition to measuring channel power and wavelength, more detailed channel identification information is desirable such as modulation format and bit rate. This application is particularly challenging in optically transparent mesh transport systems because the transparent nature of the network lends itself to the use of diverse modulation formats and bit rates. Furthermore, the loss of signals propagating over long distances can result in spectral noise peaks that can be equal in power to DWDM signals. In order for nodes to independently recover from these conditions, the resident channel-monitoring device must be able to distinguish such noise peaks from signal bearing channels. Two photon absorption monitoring has received attention recently as a simple and robust measurement that is sensitive to group velocity dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, and the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR). In this paper, the use of two-photon absorption in a channel-monitoring configuration is studied. Given that two-photon absorption, which is proportional to an average over the intensity squared, is a measure of the signal variance, the authors demonstrate that the two-photon absorption normalized to the square of the single photon absorption provides an indication of channel presence and also explore the conditions under which the channel modulation format can be distinguished.
Directed nucleation and growth by balancing local supersaturation and substrate/nucleus lattice mismatch (2018)

Controlling nucleation and growth is crucial in biological and artificial mineralization and self-assembly processes. The nucleation barrier is determined by the chemistry of the interfaces at which crystallization occurs and local supersaturation. Although chemically tailored substrates and lattice mismatches are routinely used to modify energy landscape at the substrate/nucleus interface and thereby steer heterogeneous nucleation, strategies to combine this with control over local supersaturations have remained virtually unexplored. Here we demonstrate simultaneous control over both parameters to direct the positioning and growth direction of mineralizing compounds on preselected polymorphic substrates. We exploit the polymorphic nature of calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) to locally manipulate the carbonate concentration and lattice mismatch between the nucleus and substrate, such that barium carbonate (BaCO<sub>3</sub>) and strontium carbonate (SrCO<sub>3</sub>) nucleate only on specific CaCO<sub>3</sub> polymorphs. Based on this approach we position different materials and shapes on predetermined CaCO<sub>3</sub> polymorphs in sequential steps, and guide the growth direction using locally created supersaturations. These results shed light on nature's remarkable mineralization capabilities and outline fabrication strategies for advanced materials, such as ceramics, photonic structures, and semiconductors.
INVESTIGATION OF THE TEST METHOD FOR DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING OF COMPRESSED PALLET RACK MEMBERS (2010)

An investigation of the test methods for distortional buckling of perforated pallet rack members subjected to compression is presented. One of the key points of this test is the length of the specimen. According to the AISI Test Standard S910-08, the specimen length should be sufficiently short to minimize overall column effects, and sufficiently long to minimize end effects during loading. The aim of the investigation is to set a procedure for determining the specimen length according to this condition. Four different pallet rack sections are analysed and tested. Testing lengths are chosen from results of finite element linear buckling analyses and Direct Strength Method calculations. Distortional buckling was expected to be the dominant failure mode for some of the specimens tested. However, in the end, all experimental failures showed a significant participation of global buckling modes. The paper presents a discussion on the specimen behaviour observed in the tests, and some considerations concerning the effect of end support conditions on the experimental results.
Physical Implementation of the DSPIN Network-on-Chip in the FAUST Architecture (2008)

This paper presents a physical implementation of the DSPIN network-on-chip in the FAUST architecture. FAUST is a stream-oriented multi- application SoC platform for telecommunications addressing IEEE 802.11a and MC-CDMA standards. The original asynchronous network-on-chip (ANOC) of FAUST has been replaced by the multi-synchronous DSPIN network-on-chip. In this paper, we analyze how the DSPIN network-on-chip, originally designed to support shared memory and multi-processors architectures, can support stream-oriented architectures. The physical implementation of both ANOC and DSPIN are presented. Finally, a comparison between ANOC and DSPIN designs in a 130 nm technology is carried out in terms of area, throughput, packet latency, and power consumption.
BFLOAT MLP Training Accelerator for FPGAs (2019)

This paper describes the architecture of a FPGA-based high-performance training accelerator for neural networks. Our accelerator uses a hybrid embedded floating point and soft logic approach to implement truncated floating-point datapaths, including bfloat16 and bfloat14. The proposed multi-layer perceptron (MLP) training architecture is the highlight of a general methodology for developing high-performance accelerators written in OpenCL and incorporating a systolic-array GEMM engine with off-chip memory interfaces. The accelerator is capable of 5 Tflops on a mid-range FPGA device and achieves over 90% of the peak efficiency during training, thus demonstrating the versatility of using FPGAs as neural network training accelerators.
The prospect of 3D-IC (2009)

This paper illustrates the performance advantages of 3D integrated circuits with two specific examples, namely 3D-FPGA and 3D-SRAM. Through strategic modification of the architectures to take advantage of 3D, significant improvement in speed and reduction in power consumption can be achieved.
Imprinting the quantum statistics of photons on free electrons (2021)

The interaction between free electrons and light stands at the base of both classical and quantum physics, with applications in free-electron acceleration, radiation sources, and electron microscopy. Yet to this day, all experiments involving free-electron–light interactions are fully explained by describing the light as a classical wave. We observed quantum statistics effects of photons on free-electron–light interactions. We demonstrate interactions that pass continuously from Poissonian to super-Poissonian and up to thermal statistics, revealing a transition from quantum walk to classical random walk on the free-electron energy ladder. The electron walker serves as the probe in nondestructive quantum detection, measuring the second-order photon-correlation <i>g</i><sup>(2)</sup>(0) and higher-orders <i>g</i><sup>(</sup><i><sup>n</sup></i><sup>)</sup>(0). Unlike conventional quantum-optical detectors, the electron can perform both quantum weak measurements and projective measurements by evolving into an entangled joint state with the photons. These findings inspire hitherto inaccessible concepts in quantum optics, including free-electron–based ultrafast quantum tomography of light.
Human granulopoiesisin vitro‐medium‐dependent growth regulation by a granulocyte‐derived inhibitor (1988)

A number of reports have indicated that mature blood granulocytes produce regulators that inhibit proliferation of progenitor cells in the bone marrow. However, this concept of negative feedback of granulopoiesis is still controversial. To examine whether conflicting results may depend upon the experimental set-up, we have compared colony formation by human bone marrow cells in different growth media. Unmodified McCoy's medium, which in feeder layer cultures supports the formation of large numbers of colonies, was a poor growth medium in cultures supplied with crude or recombinant colony stimulating factor (CSF). The colony formation improved when the medium was supplemented with defined additives. In CMRL 1066 cultures, granulocyte extract (GRE) consistently caused a strong inhibition of colony formation. In contrast, with unmodified McCoy's medium, granulocyte extract enhanced colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. The enhancing effect of granulocyte extract coincided with low colony numbers in the control cultures. The stimulatory effect of granulocyte extract in McCoy's medium, switched to strong inhibition when thymidine, a component of CMRL 1066 medium, was added. The inhibitory and stimulatory activities were found in the same molecular weight fractions (30-60 kD) after gel filtration. Both modulators in granulocyte extract appeared to be independent of monocytes and T lymphocytes in the bone marrow, as shown by removal of these cells with magnetic microspheres coated with specific monoclonal antibodies. The present work shows that regulation of cell proliferation in vitro depends strongly on culture conditions, such as choice of medium. It appears that thymidine acts as co-factor for the inhibitor in granulocyte extract.
Föryngringsresultatet efter sådd av contortatall (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) i Härjedalen (2014)

Den här studien är en uppföljning av föryngringsresultatet efter maskinell sådd av contorta ( Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) i Härjedalen. Efter tre växtsäsonger uppgick det totala antalet såddplantor till 3 700 per ha och antalet huvudplantor uppgick till 1 800 per ha. Andelen nollytor uppgick till 2 %. Det var ingen skillnad i föryngringsresultat mellan låg och hög altitud. Generellt gav maskinell sådd av contorta ett tillfredsställande föryngringsresultat. På mindre bördig mark var såväl det totala antalet såddplantor som antalet huvudplantor högre än på bördigare mark.
Optimization of transistors for very high frequency dc-dc converters (2009)

This document presents a method to optimize integrated LDMOS transistors for use in very high frequency (VHF, 30-300 MHz) dc-dc converters. A transistor model valid at VHF switching frequencies is developed. Device parameters are related to layout geometry and the resulting layout vs. loss tradeoffs are illustrated. A method of finding an optimal layout for a given converter application is developed and experimentally verified in a 50 MHz converter, resulting in a 35% reduction in power loss over an un-optimized device. It is further demonstrated that hot-carrier limits on device safe operating area may be relaxed under soft switching, yielding significant further loss reduction. A device fabricated with 20-V design rules is validated at 35-V, offering reduced parasitic resistance and capacitance. Compared to the original design, loss is up to 75% lower in the example application.