gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Facile Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Prototype Forward-Looking Single-Cable 64-Element Intra-Vascular Ultrasound Probe (2019)

This paper presents the integration steps towards a prototype forward-looking intra-vascular ultrasound probe. An ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is laser cut to create a 1.6mm circular shaped die that can be integrated at the tip of a small catheter. The ASIC is designed such that it can be used to transmit and receive on 64 piezo-electric transducers while using a single cable for the supply, communication, transmit signals and amplified receive signals. Piezo elements are directly integrated on top of the ASIC to create a miniature probe.Electrical tests show that the circuitry still operates correctly after laser cutting. The functionality of a prototype has been successfully demonstrated in a 3D imaging experiment.
Comparison of two minimally invasive surgery strategies to treat adult spinal deformity (2015)

Both HYB and cMIS approaches resulted in clinical improvement, as evidenced by decreased ODI and VAS pain scores. While there was no significant difference in degree of radiographic correction between groups, the HYB group had greater absolute improvement in degree of lumbar coronal Cobb angle correction, increased LL, decreased SVA, and decreased LL-PI. The complication rate, however, was higher with the HYB approach than with the cMIS approach.
Possible origin for (110)-oriented growth of grains in hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films (1997)

We have measured the temperature dependence of preferentially oriented growth of hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films, prepared by reactive hydrogen plasma sputtering of silicon. X-ray-diffraction measurements showed that the relative number of (110) grains increased rapidly at the expense of the (111), but not (311), directions with increasing substrate temperature between 60 and 400 °C. Over the same temperature range grain sizes for all orientations increased in scale with each other. Calculations of the step energy for grains of different sizes and orientations suggest that the changing number of dangling bonds with increasing grain size may be responsible for the observed temperature dependence of the preferential growth.
A Bayesian Approach to Solving Hard Computational Problems (2001)

We describe research and results centering on the construction and use of Bayesian models that can predict the run time of problem solvers. Our efforts are motivated by observations of high variance in the time required to solve instances for several challenging problems. The methods have application to the decision-theoretic control of hard search and reasoning algorithms. We illustrate the approach with a focus on the task of predicting run time for general and domain-specific solvers on a hard class of structured constraint satisfaction problems. We review the use of learned models to predict the ultimate length of a trial, based on observing the behavior of the search algorithm during an early phase of a problem session. Finally, we discuss how we can employ the models to inform dynamic run-time decisions.
Fault detection effectiveness of weighted random patterns (2003)

Performance results are given for use of a weighted random pattern test generator, WRP, on ten benchmark designs. Deterministic (DET) and WRP tests created for single stuck faults are compared in their ability to detect shorts and transition faults. The WRP is able to generate a test for all the single stuck faults detected with a state-of-the-art deterministic pattern generator; WRP is highly efficient in CPU time required for full stuck fault test pattern generation; both DET and WRP achieved high net-to-net shorts fault coverage on a sample of ten designs; and WRP had significantly higher ( approximately=11%) transition fault coverage than obtained with DET for the same sample.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Resilient Sealing Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2006)

This report describes the development of ''invert'' glass compositions designed for hermetic seals in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Upon sealing at temperatures compatible with other SOFC materials (generally {le}900 C), these glasses transform to glass-ceramics with desirable thermo-mechanical properties, including coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) over 11 x 10{sup -6}/C. The long-term (>four months) stability of CTE under SOFC operational conditions (e.g., 800 C in wet forming gas or in air) has been evaluated, as have weight losses under similar conditions. The dependence of sealant properties on glass composition are described in this report, as are experiments to develop glass-matrix composites by adding second phases, including Ni and YSZ. This information provides design-guidance to produce desirable sealing materials.
Non-Invasive Imaging of In Vivo Breast Cancer Tissue Utilizing Metabolically Incorporated Unnatural Sugars (2004)

Cancer cells have long been known to express glycosylation patterns that are different from those found on normal cells from the same tissue. Many tumor-specific carbohydrate antigens possess the monosaccharide sialic acid, and as a consequence, many tumor cells express high levels of sialic acid compared to normal cells. Thus, any agent that targets sialic acid specifically could be used for tumor targeting. Preliminary work on this project has shown that unnatural sialic acids can be introduced onto tumor cells metabolically by feeding the cells unnatural analogs of their biosynthetic precursors. The unnatural analogs can include reactive functional groups capable of covalent reaction with exogenous probes. For example, an azide-functionalized analog of Nacetylmannosamine is converted by tumor cells to the corresponding sialic acid, and the azide can be covalently reacted on the cell surface with triarylphosphine probes in vivo. The objective of this project is to develop a novel breast cancer targeting method that exploits the selective chemical reactivity of unnatural sialic acids for delivery of imaging reagents. The immediate application is a new method for non-invasive detection and diagnosis of cancer. Longer-term applications include targeted anti-cancer drugs and vaccines.
Study of Board Level Reliability of eWLB (embedded Wafer Level BGA) for 0.35mm Ball Pitch (2019)

The number of WLP (Wafer Level Packages) used in semiconductor packaging has experienced significant growth since its introduction due to the small form factor and high performance requirements. With the advancement of fan-out wafer level packaging technology, it is more and more promising compared with fan-in WLP, because it can offer greater feasibility and flexibility for more I/Os, multi-chips, and system integration. But there are some restrictions in possible applications for Fan-In WLP or Fan-out WLP since global chip trends tend toward smaller chip areas with an increasing number of interconnects and better thermal performance. For wider applications of WLP additional development is needed to move past those restrictions. In this study, board level reliability has been performed on eWLB (embedded wafer level BGA) FOWLP (Fanout Wafer Level Package) with 0.35mm ball pitch, with/without UBM, design factors (pad size, pad opening size etc.) with a comprehensive DOE study. The 0.35mm pitch eWLB test vehicles included a 7mm × 7mm package with over 280 balls. A Design of Experiment (DOE) study was reviewed which demonstrates improved Temperature Cycle on Board (TCoB) with thermo-mechanical simulation and experimental results of a daisy chain device. Several DOE test vehicles were prepared with multiple design variables. Daisy chain eWLB test vehicles were used for the TCoB (Temperature Cycle on Board) reliability study in JEDEC test conditions. Additionally, a JEDEC board level drop test was also carried out. With these parametric studies and reliability tests, the final test vehicle passed 1000 cycles TCoB in characteristic life time and also passed 200x drop test. Destructive analyses were performed to investigate potential structural defects and to conduct a failure mode study after reliability test.
Peer Review Anew: Three Principles and a Case Study in Postpublication Quality Assurance Users of online open access to educational materials can benefit from multiple reviews that identify the sources of the reviews as well as the intended uses and audiences for the materials. (2008)

Over the last 15 years, the Internet has enabled new modes of authorship, new forms of open licensing and distribution, and new forms of collaboration and peer produc- tion to flourish. But in turn, new anxieties have arisen, especially concerning quality assurance, peer review, reuse, and modification. New innovations are appearing in peer review, endorsement, the measurement of trust, and the understanding of reputation, but without any systematic analysis of the general principles of quality assurance and peer review in this new era. In this paper, we propose a general set of principles for understanding what peer review was in the past and how it should be applied today to different kinds of content and in new platforms for managing quality. The principles stress an analysis not only on the content in materials but also on their context of use .O ur focus is on open educational resources, and we present a case study of the open education project Connexions' lens system for quality assurance and review. However, the principles can be applied across multiple levels of knowledge production, including scholarship in engineering and science and reference materials in addition to educational publishing.
High Turnover of Tissue Factor Enables Efficient Intracellular Delivery of Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2015)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are emerging as powerful cancer treatments that combine antibody-mediated tumor targeting with the potent cytotoxic activity of toxins. We recently reported the development of a novel ADC that delivers the cytotoxic payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to tumor cells expressing tissue factor (TF). By carefully selecting a TF-specific antibody that interferes with TF:FVIIa-dependent intracellular signaling, but not with the procoagulant activity of TF, an ADC was developed (TF-011-MMAE/HuMax-TF-ADC) that efficiently kills tumor cells, with an acceptable toxicology profile. To gain more insight in the efficacy of TF-directed ADC treatment, we compared the internalization characteristics and intracellular routing of TF with the EGFR and HER2. Both in absence and presence of antibody, TF demonstrated more efficient internalization, lysosomal targeting, and degradation than EGFR and HER2. By conjugating TF, EGFR, and HER2-specific antibodies with duostatin-3, a toxin that induces potent cytotoxicity upon antibody-mediated internalization but lacks the ability to induce bystander killing, we were able to compare cytotoxicity of ADCs with different tumor specificities. TF-ADC demonstrated effective killing against tumor cell lines with variable levels of target expression. In xenograft models, TF-ADC was relatively potent in reducing tumor growth compared with EGFR- and HER2-ADCs. We hypothesize that the constant turnover of TF on tumor cells makes this protein specifically suitable for an ADC approach.
U-Band Transmission of Real-Time 200-Gb/s Signal Co-Propagating with C+L-Band WDM Signal (2023)

We propose a U-band transmission added to the C+L-band that can mitigate large loss at long wavelength by inter-channel SRS. The benefit is demonstrated in 80-km SSMF transmission of real-time 200-Gb/s DP-QPSK signal.
Origami Store: UC-Secure Foldable Datachains for the Quantum Era (2021)

Traditional blockchains preserve everything, if verification is to avoid trusted third parties. The accumulation of outdated but undeletable data makes traditional blockchains non-scalable for practical applications. Stateless blockchains mitigate this problem via history deletion; however, existing stateless blockchains such as Mimblewimble are not quantum resistant as they rely on specific discrete-log-based cryptography to achieve history deletion. In this paper, we introduce the “Origami Store” (or O-store for short), as a general new approach to distributed data storage with a generic history deletion mechanism called “folding.” O-store is built using a hash function and an arbitrary signature scheme. Since the signature scheme is decoupled from the framework, O-stores are compatible with any quantum-resistant signature scheme by design. More importantly, O-store only needs to preserve one signature and one verification key per account (or owner) for any number of transactions (or updates), thereby mitigating the inefficiency of large quantum-safe signatures and verification keys. We prove the security of the basic O-store using the framework of Universal Composability (UC); in particular, O-store's universal security is shown to hold for a generic consensus mechanism, to facilitate implementation from a wide range of decentralized consensus protocols. The Origami store is thus the first UC-secure efficient distributed data storage framework that supports plug-and-play consensus mechanisms for fully decentralized trustless operation. We demonstrate working implementations of Origami stores with three post-quantum signature libraries-qTESLA, Dilithium, and Picnic-to illustrate its scalability and practicality for real-world applications.
New Bandstop Filter Circuit Topology and Its Application to Design of a Bandstop-to-Bandpass Switchable Filter (2013)

In this paper, we show a new bandstop filter circuit topology. Unlike conventional bandstop filter circuit topologies, the new circuit topology has inter-resonator coupling structures. The presence of these inter-resonator coupling structures enables convenient switching from a bandstop to a bandpass filter. Using the new bandstop filter topology, this paper demonstrates a design of a frequency-agile bandstop-to-bandpass switchable filter. The filter is composed of tunable substrate-integrated cavity resonators and can be switched to have either a bandstop or bandpass response. Switching is achieved by turning on and off switches placed within the filter structure. A prototype of the proposed design is fabricated and the concept is verified experimentally.
21st Century Locomotive Technology: Quarterly Technical Status Report 12 DOE/AL68284-TSR12 (2006)

A unit pump system was installed on the single cylinder engine. The performance entitlement of the high-pressure common rail system at notch 4 and notch 8 was determined, and data was also compared with a production design multi-cylinder engine. Vibration testing of a hybrid-bus-design battery revealed extensive insulation wear. The vendor initiated design activities to address vibration. A cell-level test program was initiated to study battery current flow at room temperature and develop limits. The robustness and sub-optimal simplified implementation of fuel optimization algorithms was studied.
Beyond conventional Li-ion: Aqueous Li ion batteries and mixed metal fluoride cathodes for Li and Li-ion batteries (2018)

This thesis explores the promises of and challenges posed by several alternative Li- and Li-ion battery chemistries: substituting the organic or polymer electrolyte with an aqueous electrolyte, and substituting intercalation cathode materials with metal fluoride conversion materials. Aqueous electrolytes attract interest due to their intrinsic safety (nonflammability), environmental friendliness, low cost and high ionic conductivity. A variety of electrode active materials found in commercial Li ion cells exhibit similar redox behavior with aqueous electrolytes, and thus hold promise for use in aqueous Li ion batteries. However, a variety of these compounds also exhibit inferior cycle stability with aqueous electrolytes due to the presence of unique side reactions. In addition, aqueous electrolytes are typically stable over a narrower potential window, limiting the cell voltage. In this thesis, systematic studies of the charge-discharge behavior of LiFePO4 with aqueous electrolytes of varying composition reveal that undesirable side reactions between water and LiFePO4 induce electrochemical separation of individual particles within the electrode, resulting in capacity fading. However, increasing the electrolyte salt concentration effectively reduces the activity of the water molecules and the extent of these side reactions. Increasing the electrolyte molarity also improves the stability of other intercalation compounds (such as LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2), suggesting that these findings are sufficiently broad. Metal fluorides are promising high-capacity cathode active materials for rechargeable Li and Li-ion batteries. Their use may allow for higher cell-level energy densities, reducing overall energy storage system manufacturing costs. Higher thermal stability and lower electrode potentials may also improve safety. However, the low electrical conductivity, the dramatic structural and morphological changes that accompany the electrochemical reactions, and the ease with which metal fluorides give up transition metal ions to the electrolyte may explain why metal fluoride cathodes typically suffer from large voltage hysteresis and short cycle life. In this thesis, systematic studies were performed on the charge-discharge behavior of metal fluorides of a variety of single and mixed metal compositions. For mixed metal difluorides, it is discovered that reduction occurs in a single step with a reduction potential intermediate to those for the single metal difluorides. Also, for the first time, progressive formation of metal trifluorides from repeated cycling of metal difluorides is reported. Perhaps most importantly, electrochemical measurements in combination with post-mortem microscopy and spectroscopy reveal that the cathode stability depends on the ability to prevent the formation and growth of a solid electrolyte interphase layer. This depends strongly on the metal composition, with the incorporation of Ni leading to a particularly thick and insulative solid electrolyte interphase layer.
Development of a Mechanical Wedge–Barrel Anchor for CFRP Rods: Static and Fatigue Behaviors (2021)

In this study, a mechanical anchorage for prestressed carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods was proposed. The proposed anchorage consisted of a steel barrel with a conical hole and three separate aluminum wedges that are in direct contact with the CFRP rod. The anchorage system relied only upon friction, without any adhesives required. The static and fatigue behaviors of the anchor were experimentally investigated according to the European guidelines for testing post-tensioning kits and fulfilled their requirements. The average tensile strength of the anchorage system for the 8-mm CFRP rods was 2,371.4 MPa, being greater than the guaranteed value of 2,047 MPa. The fatigue tests revealed that the wedge seating distance (prior to pulling the rod) significantly affected the occurrence of slippage between the anchor components. Therefore, a new displacement-controlled presetting system was developed to ensure adequate wedge seating distance. It eliminated the need for hydraulic jacks and demonstrated the capability of applying presetting forces greater than 110 kN. Furthermore, the anchors were tested under loading frequencies of 5, 17, and 23 Hz. The proposed anchorage was observed to be insensitive to the loading frequency because no slippage or temperature rise occurred under these loading frequencies.
1,3-Butadiene Adsorption over Transition Metal Polycation Exchanged Faujasites (2012)

New adsorbents for butadiene removal from liquid and gas streams, which are transition metal (Cu, Zn, Mn) polycation exchanged zeolites, were prepared on the basis of low-silica and dealuminated faujasites by ion exchange with the corresponding salt solutions at the conditions of their partial hydrolysis. Obtained samples were characterized by XANES, ESR, and DRIFT spectroscopy along with equilibrium and dynamic adsorption studies. It is shown that transition metal polycation containing faujasites significantly surpass monocation analogues with respect to butadiene adsorption capacity. It is also found that an enhanced ability to adsorb butadiene is peculiar to faujasites with strong acidity that defines the activity of the adsorbent in the oligomerization of adsorbed butadiene. The suggested adsorbents are fully regenerable at gradual elevation of regeneration temperature up to 250–350 °C.
Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs. Report of the National Nanotechnology Initiative Grand Challenge Workshop, March 16-18, 2004 (2004)

This document is the report of a workshop held under NSET auspices in March 2004 aimed at identifying and articulating the relationship of nanoscale science and technology to the Nation's energy future.
Church Services in a Complex Continuing Care Hospital: Why Bother? (2017)

This research aimed to explore patient motivation for attending hospital-run church services in a complex continuing care hospital setting, as well as the perceived spiritual benefits as categorized by Fitchett's 7 × 7 Model for Spiritual Assessment. Invitations to participate in one-to-one interviews were offered to all patient attendees at both an ecumenical and a Roman Catholic service over the course of several weeks. We collected 20 interviews before performing a qualitative analysis, at which point we determined that saturation of content had been reached. The key findings were that participants identified the strongest perceived benefits in Experiences and Emotions, and Rituals and Practice, suggesting that access to the ritual of Sunday church services contributes meaningfully to participants' coping strategies and overall quality of life.
Atomic force microscopy of (100), (110), and (111) homoepitaxial diamond films (1992)

We present atomic force microscopy images of diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition epitaxially on diamond (100), (110), and (111) substrates. The films were grown from 0.2-1.6% mixtures of CH4 and C2H2 and H2 in a hot-filament reactor at a total pressure of 25 Torr. The substrate and filament temperatures were held at 810-1000 deg C and 2000-2150 deg C, respectively. A (100)-oriented diamond film grown with 0.3% CH4 at a substrate temperature of 810 deg C was rough on the micron scale, exhibiting pyramidal features, terraces, and penetration twins, while films grown at higher substrate temperatures and hydrocarbon flow rates were smooth on the nm scale and showed evidence of a (2x1) reconstruction. A (110)-oriented film was very rough on the micron scale but nearly atomically smooth on the 0.5-5nm scale and exhibited local slopes higher than 40 deg with no evidence of faceting. A film grown on a diamond (111) substrate underwent spontaneous fracture due to tensile stress and exhibited a roughness of =10-50 nm on the =100 nm lateral scale in regions far away from any cracks. The implications of the morphological features for diamond growth mechanisms are discussed.