gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Foam Package Design for Drop/Impact Using Accurate Predictive Simulation (2023)

The interconnections and chips of the internal components of electronic devices need to be protected to prevent damage during shipping, handling, and daily use. This article studied an investigation into the abilities of foam as an outer packaging material to protect the detector device. This detector device is required to withstand a high-speed impact, 30 mph, and to avoid moisture damage. The finite element model of foam was validated by a compression experiment. The prediction simulation of foam samples was performed by using the validated foam model to obtain the correct stress-strain properties of foam samples. Different shapes, textures, and designs of foam outer packaging were investigated, which include tennis ball shape versus hockey puck shape, inner dimple texture versus outer pimple texture, and monotonic foam layer versus double foam layers. The different foam material combinations of packaging were also compared by using the predicted stress-strain properties of foam in ANSYS/LS-DYNA to study the effect on reducing the out-of-plane deformation of the printed circuit board (PCB).
Discovery of Heterocyclic Phosphonic Acids as Novelampmimics that are Potent and Selective Fructose‐1,6‐Bisphosphatase Inhibitors and Elicit Potent Glucose‐Lowering Effects in Diabetic Animals and Humans (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Discovery of MB06322 Pharmacokinetic Studies of MB06322 Synthetic Routes to MB06322 Clinical Studies of MB06322 Summary References
Multi-Channel Mobile Access Point in Next-Generation IEEE 802.11be WLANs (2021)

With the emergence of dual-radio end user devices (STAs) and tri-band Access Points (APs), efficient operation over multiple channels distributed over multiple bands is a key technology being discussed in the next-generation IEEE 802.11be standard task group. Recently, STAs are equipped with the functionality to temporarily operate as a mobile AP typically using cellular/WLAN backhaul. For certain channel combinations with insufficient frequency separation, STAs and therefore mobile APs might not have the ability to simultaneously receive on one channel while transmitting on the other channel. With such constraints, an asynchronous operation with independent medium access on each channel might lead to severe performance degradation. To address this issue, we design and simulate Mobile AP Medium State-based Transmission Alignment and Recess (MobiSTAR) protocol in which mobile AP opportunistically aligns the starting and ending of transmissions on multiple channels if available. Alternatively, if only a single channel is available for transmission, mobile AP aligns its transmission on that channel with ongoing out of network transmission on the other channel. Moreover, to address scenario wherein such alignment is not possible at mobile AP due to non-Wi-Fi energy received on the other channel, STAs in MobiSTAR initiate an access recess timer countdown to limit their transmission attempts. Our results show that MobiSTAR improves the downlink throughput delivered by mobile AP while minimizing the performance degradation in the uplink due to mobile AP’s simultaneous transmit-receive constraints.
Propagation issues for cognitive radio (2012)

The fundamental principal of cognitive radio (CR) is to detect other radios in the environment that are using the same spectral resources, and to then deploy transmission and reception strategies that permit secondary users to communicate, while minimizing interference to and from those radios. For the design, analysis, and implementation of such transmission and reception strategies, it is essential to understand the relevant propagation channels [80]. The power emitted by a transmitter (TX) might be determined by the system designer, but it is the channel that dictates how much of it arrives as useful power at the intended receiver (RX), and also how much interference it creates at unintended receivers. Similarly, the signal sensing process of the CR system might be determined by the system designer, but it is the channel that dictates the intervals in time, frequency, and space at which samples should be taken. For example, the temporal variation rate of the channel response dictates how often samples are needed and, thus, how often transmit or receive strategies might have to be adapted. As we will see, many other properties of the channel influence CR design and analysis as well.
Regenerative Medicine: New Approaches to Healthcare. (2012)

Patients with diseased or injured organs may be treated with transplanted organs. There is a severe shortage of donor organs which is worsening yearly due to the aging population. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering apply the principles of cell transplantation, material sciences, and bioengineering to construct biological substitutes that may restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. Stem cells may offer a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications and are opening new options for therapy. Recent advances that have occurred in regenerative medicine will be reviewed and applications of these new technologies that may offer novel therapies for patients with end-stage tissue and organ failure will be described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Access to Substituted 2‐Nitrosophenols and 2‐Nitrophenols via Regioselective Nitrosation of Resorcinol Monoethers. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 4 from GDC-0941, a Novel Class I Selective PI3K Inhibitor, Enhances the Efficacy of Docetaxel in Human Breast Cancer Models by Increasing Cell Death <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 148KB, Cell Cycle Analysis of MCF7-neo/HER2 Cells After Treatment with GDC-0941, Docetaxel (DTX) or the Combination of Both Drugs.&lt;/p&gt;
Uptake and Fate of Ascorbic Acid‐2‐Phosphate in Infiltrated Fruit and Vegetable Tissue (1991)

ABSTRACT Ascorbic acid‐2‐phosphate (AAP) and ascorbic acid (AA) were infiltrated into apple and potato tissue to control browning. Apple tissue absorbed more AAP and AA than potato under similar conditions. AAP hydrolysis by endogenous acid phosphatase (APase) yielded AA which accumulated or became oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid, depending on the rate of hydrolysis and browning tendencies of samples. APase activity varied greatly with commodity, method of sample preparation and sample pH. Variation in the ability of AAP to inhibit browning in different products could be explained by these factors.
Measurement technique for the incident electron current in secondary electron detectors and its application in scanning electron microscopes (2001)

A measurement technique for incident electron current in secondary electron (SE) detectors, especially the Everhart-Thornley (ET) detector, based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which uses the histogram of a digital scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, is described. In this technique, primary electrons are directly incident on the ET detector. This technique for measuring the correlation between incident electron current and SNR is applicable to the other SE detectors. This correlation was applied to estimate the efficiency of the ET detector itself, to evaluate SEM image quality, and to measure the geometric SE collection efficiency and the SE yield. It was found that the geometric SE collection efficiency at each of the upper and lower detectors of a Hitachi S-4500 SEM was greater than 0.78 at all working distances.
Single‐cell transcriptomics reveals immune response of intestinal cell types to viral infection (2021)

Human intestinal epithelial cells form a primary barrier protecting us from pathogens, yet only limited knowledge is available about individual contribution of each cell type to mounting an immune response against infection. Here, we developed a framework combining single-cell RNA-Seq and highly multiplex RNA FISH and applied it to human intestinal organoids infected with human astrovirus, a model human enteric virus. We found that interferon controls the infection and that astrovirus infects all major cell types and lineages and induces expression of the cell proliferation marker MKI67. Intriguingly, each intestinal epithelial cell lineage exhibits a unique basal expression of interferon-stimulated genes and, upon astrovirus infection, undergoes an antiviral transcriptional reprogramming by upregulating distinct sets of interferon-stimulated genes. These findings suggest that in the human intestinal epithelium, each cell lineage plays a unique role in resolving virus infection. Our framework is applicable to other organoids and viruses, opening new avenues to unravel roles of individual cell types in viral pathogenesis.
How the osteoclast degrades bone (1998)

Osteoclasts are multinucleated monocyte-macrophage derivatives that degrade bone. Their specialized role is central to a process that continuously removes and replaces segments of the skeleton in the higher vertebrates. Osteoclasts allow skeletal mineral to be used to manage extracellular calcium activity, which is an important adaptation for life on land, and solid skeletal structure to be replaced by hollow architecture that has a superior strength-to-weight ratio. Degrading bone also allows periodic repair and remodeling for ordered growth and efficient response to mechanical loads. A fairly comprehensive view of osteoclastic ontogeny and function is emerging from recent studies. Osteoclasts dissolve bone mineral by massive acid secretion and secrete specialized proteinases that degrade the organic matrix, mainly type I collagen, in this acidic milieu. The site of bone dissolution is a high-calcium environment; removal of degradation products by transcytosis of membrane vesicles allows the osteoclast to maintain a normal intracellular calcium. Osteoclastic differentiation is normally balanced with bone formation, although bone formation is the function of unrelated stromal cell-derived osteoblasts. Interactions between osteoclast precursors and bone-forming cells are believed to control osteoclast differentiation under most circumstances, preserving bone architecture over many cycles of bone replacement.
Process-Structure-Property Relationship in Dissimilar Al-High-Strength Steel Impact Spot Welds Created Using Vaporizing Foil Actuator Welding (2020)

&lt;div&gt;Vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW) created nominally solid-state spot welds between high-strength DP980 steel and 6022 T4 aluminum. The effects of varying the impact velocity and angle between the Al flyer and target steel sheets on the structure and properties of the joints were evaluated using photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fractography, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The incident angle and velocity of the flyer plate were quantified using PDV, and their relations to the structure and properties of the joint were assessed with microscopy and strength testing. Impact velocity and average impact angle increase with the increasing standoff. Lower impact angles and higher impact velocities promoted interfacial failure due to increased melting, higher intermetallic thickness, and lower wave amplitude and wavelength. At higher standoffs, higher collision angles led to increased waviness, and significant patches of aluminum adhered to the steel sheet were seen, providing evidence of ductile tearing.&lt;/div&gt;
Bond behaviour of ribbed near-surface-mounted iron-based shape memory alloy bars with short bond lengths (2020)

Many existing concrete buildings worldwide require improvement in structural integrity. Previous research has proven the effectiveness of iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA or memory-steel) reinforcements for the prestressed strengthening of structures. The unique function of the material, i.e., the so-called shape memory effect, enables cost-effectiveness and presents simple ways to prestress defective building components. Ribbed memory-steel bars have only been available recently. This study aimed to investigate their performance in a novel strengthening technique, named near-surface mounted (NSM) method. Bond experiments with short bond lengths were performed to investigate the feasibility of this configuration and to identify the effects of several design parameters including: groove dimensions, bar diameter, bar material, cover depth, mortar strength, and concrete strength. The use of a digital image correlation system enabled detailed measurements of slips, crack width, and surface strain. An analytical procedure based on the differential equation of bond behaviour was developed, which enabled the calculation of slip, strain, bond shear stress, and load capacity. The results show that ribbed memory-steel bars can be used in an NSM configuration due to high bond capacity. The cover depth, substrate strength and elastic modulus had a significant effect on the failure mode and bond capacity.
Adhesion of Enamel Layer after Repeated Firings in Ti-Stabilized IF Steel Sheet for Porcelain Enamel Use and Its Mechanism (2004)

Adhesion of enamel layer in Ti-stabilized Interstitial-Free steel (Ti-IF) for porcelain enamel was studied through pickling loss weight, smuts on a pretreated Ti-IF steel, chemical compositions of steel and the repeated number of firing to form enamel, comparing with high oxygen steel for porcelain enamel.When pickling loss weight in Ti-IF steel is below 30 g/m2, the adhesion of enamel layer can be over 80% even after firing is repeated four times. High oxygen steel, in contrast, has over 80% adhesion of enamel layer, regardless of the repetition of firing, and its adhesion is not related to pickling loss weight.TEM observation reveals that the smut on pretreated Ti-IF steel is mainly round-shaped TiS (100-300 nm) and the one on pretreated high oxygen steel is mainly Cr2MnO4 (100-300 nm). During the reaction between enamel and pretreated steel for firing process, TiS is presumed to worsen adhesion, while Cr2MnO4 is not related to adhesion. Therefore, reducing TiS (lowering pickling loss weight) is an effective measure to keep satisfactory adhesion in Ti-IF steel at repeated firings.Under conventional pretreatment conditions (ex. pickling for about 5 min with 12-15% H2SO4 at 70-80°C and Ni-deposition for about 5 min with 13-18 g/L NiSO4·7H2O at 70-80°C), Cu should be higher than about 0.04% and P should be lower than about 0.013% to be below 30 g/m2 as pickling loss weight in order to keep over 80% adhesion in Ti-IF steel.
milliProxy: A TCP proxy architecture for 5G mmWave cellular systems (2017)

TCP is the most widely used transport protocol in the internet. However, it offers suboptimal performance when operating over high bandwidth mmWave links. The main issues introduced by communications at such high frequencies are (i) the sensitivity to blockage and (ii) the high bandwidth fluctuations due to Line of Sight (LOS) to Non Line of Sight (NLOS) transitions and vice versa. In particular, TCP has an abstract view of the end-to-end connection, which does not properly capture the dynamics of the wireless mmWave link. The consequence is a suboptimal utilization of the available resources. In this paper we propose a TCP proxy architecture that improves the performance of TCP flows without any modification at the remote sender side. The proxy is installed in the Radio Access Network, and exploits information available at the Next Generation Node Base (gNB) in order to maximize throughput and minimize latency.
HPLC Method for the Quantification of Procyanidins in Cocoa and Chocolate Samples and Correlation to Total Antioxidant Capacity (1999)

Monomeric and oligomeric procyanidins present in cocoa liquors and chocolates were separated and quantified in four different laboratories using a normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection. Procyanidin standards through decamers were obtained by extraction from cocoa beans, enrichment by Sephadex LH-20 gel permeation chromatography, and final purification by preparative normal-phase HPLC. The purity of each oligomeric fraction was assessed using HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry. A composite standard was then prepared, and calibration curves were generated for each oligomeric class using a quadratic fit of area sum versus concentration. Results obtained by each of the laboratories were in close agreement, which suggests this method is reliable and reproducible for quantification of procyanidins. Furthermore, the procyanidin content of the samples was correlated to the antioxidant capacity measured using the ORAC assay as an indicator for potential biological activity.
Effects of Very High Free-Stream Turbulence on the Jet–Mainstream Interaction in a Film Cooling Flow (1998)

Dispersion of coolant jets in a film cooling flow field is the result of a highly complex interaction between the film cooling jets and the mainstream. Understanding this complex interaction, particularly near the injection location, is critical for improving the predictive capabilities of existing film cooling models, especially when very high free-stream turbulence levels exist. This study uses a high-Frequency-response temperature sensor to investigate the mean and fluctuating thermal field of a film cooling flow for two vastly different free-stream turbulence levels (0.5 and 20 percent). The high-frequency-response temperature sensor provides new information about the film cooling flow in terms of actual rms levels (Θ′), probability density functions (pdf’s), and frequency spectra of the thermal field. Results are presented for both free-stream conditions using round hosed inclined at 35 deg, at a momentum flux ration of I = 0.156 and density ratio of DR = 1.05. The mean thermal field results show severe degradation of the film cooling jet occurs with very high free-stream turbulence levels. Temperature rms results indicate levels as high as Θ′ = 0.25 exist at the jet-mainstream interface. More information is provided by the temperature pdf’s, which are able to identify differences in the jet-mainstream interaction for the two free stream conditions. With small free-stream turbulence, strong intermittent flow structures generated at the jet-mainstream interface disperse the jet by moving hot main stream fluid into the coolant core, and ejecting coolant fluid into the mainstream. When the free stream has large scales and very high turbulence levels, the jet-mainstream interface is obliterated by large-scale turbulent structures originating from the free stream, which completely penetrate the coolant jet, causing very rapid dispersion of the film cooling jet.
Spatial mapping of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetics in lung cancer (2023)

Mitochondria are critical to the governance of metabolism and bioenergetics in cancer cells<sup>1</sup>. The mitochondria form highly organized networks, in which their outer and inner membrane structures define their bioenergetic capacity<sup>2,3</sup>. However, in vivo studies delineating the relationship between the structural organization of mitochondrial networks and their bioenergetic activity have been limited. Here we present an in vivo structural and functional analysis of mitochondrial networks and bioenergetic phenotypes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using an integrated platform consisting of positron emission tomography imaging, respirometry and three-dimensional scanning block-face electron microscopy. The diverse bioenergetic phenotypes and metabolic dependencies we identified in NSCLC tumours align with distinct structural organization of mitochondrial networks present. Further, we discovered that mitochondrial networks are organized into distinct compartments within tumour cells. In tumours with high rates of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS<sup>HI</sup>) and fatty acid oxidation, we identified peri-droplet mitochondrial networks wherein mitochondria contact and surround lipid droplets. By contrast, we discovered that in tumours with low rates of OXPHOS (OXPHOS<sup>LO</sup>), high glucose flux regulated perinuclear localization of mitochondria, structural remodelling of cristae and mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Our findings suggest that in NSCLC, mitochondrial networks are compartmentalized into distinct subpopulations that govern the bioenergetic capacity of tumours.
The Chemical Composition of Isolated Cell Walls of Cyanidium caldarium (1968)

SUMMARY: The acid-resistant and heat-resistant alga Cyanidium caldarium yields cell-wall preparations which are unusually rich in protein (50 to 55‥) and contain only small amounts of polysaccharides (hemicellulose, 12 to 14 ‥ cellulose, 3 to 4‥). At least 13 amino acids are present in the cell walls, but diamino-pimelic acid, muramic acid and amino sugars are absent. It is suggested that Cyanidium is more closely related to the green rather than the blue-green algae.
Measurement of VUV induced surface conduction in dielectrics using synchrotron radiation (2002)

In a plasma processing chamber, the combination of VUV (vacuum ultra-violet) flux and electric fields (either due to plasma non-uniformity or electron shading) across structures on a wafer can induce photoconduction currents in insulating dielectrics. These currents can either flow through the bulk of the dielectrics or along the surface. In this paper we report the results of our experiments on studying VUV induced surface currents. These currents, if they are large enough, would modify surface charging and hence are important to understanding, predicting and controlling plasma charging damage.
Data from Science-Driven Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;In population studies, dietary patterns clearly influence the development, progression, and therapeutic response of cancers. Nonetheless, interventional dietary trials have had relatively little impact on the prevention and treatment of malignant disease. Standardization of nutritional interventions combined with high-level mode-of-action studies holds the promise of identifying specific entities and pathways endowed with antineoplastic properties. Here, we critically review the effects of caloric restriction and more specific interventions on macro- and micronutrients in preclinical models as well as in clinical studies. We place special emphasis on the prospect of using defined nutrition-relevant molecules to enhance the efficacy of established anticancer treatments.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;The avoidance of intrinsically hypercaloric and toxic diets contributes to the prevention and cure of cancer. In addition, specific diet-induced molecules such as ketone bodies and micronutrients, including specific vitamins, have drug-like effects that are clearly demonstrable in preclinical models, mostly in the context of immunotherapies. Multiple trials are underway to determine the clinical utility of such molecules.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;