gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional and Structural Characterization of Synthetic HIV-1 Vpr That Transduces Cells, Localizes to the Nucleus, and Induces G2 Cell Cycle Arrest (2000)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Vpr contributes to nuclear import of the viral pre-integration complex and induces G(2) cell cycle arrest. We describe the production of synthetic Vpr that permitted the first studies on the structure and folding of the full-length protein. Vpr is unstructured at neutral pH, whereas under acidic conditions or upon addition of trifluorethanol it adopts alpha-helical structures. Vpr forms dimers in aqueous trifluorethanol, whereas oligomers exist in pure water. (1)H NMR spectroscopy allows the signal assignment of N- and C-terminal amino acid residues; however, the central section of the molecule is obscured by self-association. These findings suggest that the in vivo folding of Vpr may require structure-stabilizing interacting factors such as previously described interacting cellular and viral proteins or nucleic acids. In biological studies we found that Vpr is efficiently taken up from the extracellular medium by cells in a process that occurs independent of other HIV-1 proteins and appears to be independent of cellular receptors. Following cellular uptake, Vpr is efficiently imported into the nucleus of transduced cells. Extracellular addition of Vpr induces G(2) cell cycle arrest in dividing cells. Together, these findings raise the possibility that circulating forms of Vpr observed in HIV-infected patients may exert biological effects on a broad range of host target cells.
Stoichiometric structure (2012)

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Relationship between permeability and diffusion-controlled trapping constant of porous media (1990)

For anisotropic porous media of arbitrary topology, it is shown that there exists a rigorous relation between the fluid permeability tensor k and the diffusion-controlled trapping constant \ensuremath{\gamma}, namely, k\ensuremath{\le}${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$I. It is demonstrated that the equality is achieved for a certain class of microstructures and that the bound can be relatively sharp for other media. The important fundamental as well as practical implications of this relation are discussed.
Low sputtering, cross-field, gas switch and method of operation (2023)

A gas switch includes a gas-tight housing containing an ionizable gas, an anode disposed within the gas-tight housing, and a cathode disposed within the gas-tight housing, where the cathode includes a conduction surface. The gas switch also includes a control grid positioned between the anode and the cathode, where the control grid is arranged to receive a bias voltage to establish a conducting plasma between the anode and the cathode. In addition, the gas switch includes a plurality of magnets selectively arranged to generate a magnetic field proximate the conduction surface that reduces the kinetic energy of charged particles striking the conduction surface and raises the conduction current density at the cathode surface to technically useful levels.
Feasibility study of motion pre-analysis method for whole-heart magnetic resonance coronary angiography (WH MRCA) (2010)

Figure 1 Pressue vs motion and RMC coefficient.
PR-383-104506-R02 Shock Tube Measurement of Decompression Wave Speed in CO2 with Impurities (2013)

This report contains the results of 43 shock tube tests simulating pipeline rupture using an NPS 2 (DN50) shock tube with a rupture disc. These tests were conducted on pure CO2, binaries with N2, O2, CO, CH4 and H2, as well as for compositions representative of typical carbon capture technologies. The resulting decompression wave speeds are compared with predictions utilizing different equations of state.
Measurement techniques for high-speed WDM experiments (2003)

Using the correct measurement techniques for high-speed WDM experiments ensure that lab-results accurately reflect real system performance. In this paper we summarize experimental best practices and review how improper measurement techniques can lead to misleading results.
West Nile virus infection of Thoroughbred horses in South Africa (2000–2001) (2003)

In contrast to recent reports from Europe, North Africa, Asia and North America, the results of our field and experimental studies indicated that exposure of horses to the endemic southern African strains of WNV was not associated with neurological disease.
Chemical kinetics and equilibrium analysis of I-III-VI films (1999)

Preliminary results are presented on the growth and characterization of Cu-In-Se-S thin films formed by reaction of Cu-In layers with a H2Se/H2S gas mixture. The approach was to first develop a process to grow device quality CuInS2 films by reaction of a Cu-In layer in H2S. This process was then modified to form alloyed CuIn(Se, S)2 films. A quantitative model for the reaction of Cu-In films in a CVD reactor with a mixed H2S-H2Se flowing gas was developed and verified. The composition of the CuIn(Se, S)2 film can be controlled by the concentration H2Se+H2S and/or Se2+S2 in the gas phase. Graded films can be made by annealing either CuInSe2 or CuInS2 films in a controlled Se and/or S containing atmosphere. Expanding this to include Ga in the films will provide a basis for engineering film compositions and bandgaps.
Erratum for Tolbert et al., “Recognition Patterns of the C1/C2 Epitopes Involved in Fc-Mediated Response in HIV-1 Natural Infection and the RV114 Vaccine Trial” (2021)

Volume 11, no. 3, e00208-20, 2020, [https://doi:10.1128/mBio.00208-20][1]. There is a typo in the title: RV114 instead of RV144. The correct title should be “Recognition Patterns of the C1/C2 Epitopes Involved in Fc-Mediated Response in HIV-1 Natural Infection and the RV144 Vaccine Trial.”

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Weight Loss, Saline Loading, and the Natriuretic Peptide System (2015)

In obese individuals, weight loss is associated with a substantial increase in the "setpoint" of circulating NP concentrations. Higher NP concentrations could contribute to an enhanced ability to handle salt loads after weight loss.
Electro-Optically Sampled Time Response of Core-Shell Nanowires (2017)

We present time response measurements of single GaAs/AlGaAs core-shell nanowire using high-resolution electro-optic sampling technique. These nanowires show high quantum efficiency and a response speed faster than comparable devices in bulk.
Supplementary material from "Effect of surface bending and stress on the transmission of line force to an elastic substrate" (2018)

For a broad class of soft materials their surface stress can strongly influence mechanical behaviour. For example, a line force applied to the surface of an elastic substrate is locally supported by surface stress over an elasto-capillary length <i>l</i><sub>c</sub> (surface stress/elastic modulus). Surface stress regularizes the otherwise highly singular stress and strain fields. However, surface such as lipid bilayer interfaces can also resist deformation by bending. This has not been studied either by experiments or theories. We analyse a theoretical model of the response of a half-space to a line force when the surface carries both a stress and resistance to bending. We find that surface bending further regularizes the singular fields. The local stress field near the line load can be separated into three regions. Region 1 occupies distances from the line load smaller than an elasto-capillary bending length <i>l</i><sub>b</sub> (bending stiffness/elastic modulus to the 1/3 power) where surface bending dominates and the elastic stress and strains are continuous. Region 2 occupies intermediate distances between <i>l</i><sub>b</sub> and <i>l</i><sub>c</sub>( &gt; <i>l</i><sub>b</sub> where surface stress dominates. At distances larger than <i>l</i><sub>c</sub> we retrieve the classical elasticity solution. The size of region 2 depends on κ = <i>l</i><sub>c</sub>/<i>l</i><sub>b</sub> and vanishes for small <i>l</i><sub>c</sub>.
Measurement of the cross section ratio σtt¯bb¯/σtt¯jj in pp collisions at s=8 TeV (2015)

The first measurement of the cross section ratio ttbb / ttjj is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb -1 collected in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events with two leptons (e or ) and four reconstructed jets, including two identified as b quark jets, in the final state are selected. The ratio is determined for a minimum jet transverse momentum p T of both 20 and 40 GeV/c. The measured ratio is 0.022 0.003 (stat) 0.005 (syst) for p T > 20 GeV/c. The absolute cross sections ttbb and ttjj are also measured. The measured ratio for p T > 40 GeV/c is compatible with a theoretical quantum chromodynamics calculation at next-to-leading order.
Synthesis and Electroluminescent Properties of Polyurethane with Stilbene Dye Pendant (1999)

Abstract A polyurethane (PU) derivative with a stilbene side chain was prepared from 4-cyano-4′-[N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] stilbene and 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI). The stilbene dye was synthesized by Wittig reaction of 4 - [N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amino] benzaldehye with (4-cyanobenzyl) triphenyl phosphonium chloride. The molecular structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and the thermal properties were investigated by DSC. The PU derivative exhibits strong photoluminescence (PL) in the green spectral region peaking at 510 nm. Single-layer electroluminescent devices with ITO and MgAg as electrodes were fabricated via spin-coating from PU solution.
Advances in 750 nm VECSELs (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Lasers operating in the transmission window of tissue at wavelengths between 700 and 800 nm are needed in numerous medical and biomedical applications, including photodynamic therapy and fluorescence microscopy. However, the performance of diode lasers in this spectral range is limited by the lack of appropriate compound semiconductors. Here, we review our recent research on 750 nm VECSELs. Two approaches to reaching the 750 nm wavelength will be discussed. The first approach relies on intra-cavity frequency doubling a wafer-fused 1500 nm VECSEL. The VECSEL gain chip comprises a GaAs-based DBR and an InP-based gain section, which allows for optical pumping with low-cost commercial diodes at 980 nm. With this scheme we have achieved watt-level output powers and tuning of the laser wavelength over a 40 nm band at around 750 nm. The second approach is direct emission at 750 nm using the AlGaAs/GaAs material system. In this approach visible wavelengths are required for optical pumping. However, the consequent higher costs compared to pumping at 980 nm are mitigated by the more compact laser setup and prospects of doubling the frequency to the ultraviolet range.
Inorganic bottom ARC SiOxNy for interconnection levels on 0.18-μm technology (1998)

BARC technology, originally developed for gate level has now to be applied to interconnection one's. Requirements for dielectric interconnection levels are different from gate level. In the case of gate level ARC has to minimize reflectivity at resist/substrate interface due to notching and resist swing curve effects. Whereas ARC for interconnections has to minimize reflectivity variation at resist/substrate interface due to swing curve effect in the dielectric layer. For interconnection, ARC must be as absorbent as possible at stepper exposure wavelength, and two ways are foreseen: ARC layer with high k value at 248 nm, and ARC layer with high thickness. For a reflectivity variation minimum criteria, we can find a couple values (k, minimum thickness). Experiments give us for a reflectivity variation below 5% the following couples: (k equals 0.7, 1200 angstroms thickness) and (k equals 1.1, 850 angstroms). In this paper we describe different applications of SiOxNy for interconnection levels: via, contact and damascene line level. Improvements depending of the SiOxNy thickness are seen in CD dispersion. To conclude SiOxNy ARC can be used for interconnection levels, and its performance depends on ARC couple values (k, thickness).
Study of the Interaction of Some Potential Anticancer Gold(III) Complexes with Biologically Important Thiols Using NMR, UV–Vis, and Electrochemistry (2017)

ABSTRACT The interaction of gold(III) complexes [Au(en)Cl 2 ]Cl, [Au(en) 2 ]Cl 3 , [Au( cis ‐DACH)Cl 2 ]Cl, and [Au( cis ‐DACH) 2 ]Cl 3 (en = ethylenediamine, DACH = cis ‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) with biologically important thiols, such as glutathione (GSH), dl ‐penicillamine (PSH), mercaptoacetic acid (MAA), and N ‐(2‐mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG), has been studied using 1 H, 13 C NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry in aqueous solution. Kinetic data revealed that the reactivity of their substitution reaction followed the order: [Au(en)Cl 2 ] + &gt; [Au(en) 2 ] 3+ &gt; [Au( cis ‐DACH)Cl 2 ] + &gt; [Au( cis ‐DACH) 2 ] 3+ . The thiol reactivity increased with decreasing its size, viz. MAA ≫ MPG &gt; PSH &gt; GSH. Square wave stripping voltammetry displayed peaks for Au(III) and Au(I) at +0.875 V and +1.4 V respectively. The interaction of the complexes with thiols resulted in reduction of gold(III) to gold(I) and thiol ligands (RSH) were oxidized to disulfide (RSSR).
A Speedy One-Pot Synthesis of Second-Generation Ionic Liquids Under Ultrasound and/or Microwave Irradiation (2007)

The present work describes an efficient one-pot synthesis of second-generation ionic liquids (ILs), combining in one step the Menshutkin reaction and anion metathesis. Working in a closed vessel under microwaves, or better still under simultaneous ultrasound and/or microwave irradiation, in a few minutes a series of ILs with 1-methylimidazole or pyridine cores were obtained in high yields (80–97% isolated). Under conventional heating, ILs could not be prepared in one pot in acceptable times and yields, whereas our protocol, carried out with commercially available equipment, was highly effective and reproducible. Moreover, 1H NMR analysis and ion-exchange chromatography showed that the present solventless procedure afforded satisfyingly pure ILs.
A Single-Pin Antenna Interface RF Front End Using a Single-MOS DCO-PA and a Push–Pull LNA (2020)

We propose a simple power-efficient sub-1-V fully integrated RF front end (RFE) for 2.4-GHz transceivers. It introduces the following innovations. First, a function-reuse single-MOS digitally controlled oscillator power amplifier (DCO-PA) with full supply utilization improves antenna-to-DCO isolation for better resilience to jammers. Second, a noninverting transmitter (TX) matching transformer with a zero-shifting capacitor suppresses the second-harmonic emission of the DCO-PA and allows a single-pin antenna interface for both TX and receiver (RX) modes eliminating the transmit/receive (T/R) switches in the signal path. Third, a push-pull low-noise amplifier (LNA) reuses the TX matching transformer for passive gain boosting that reduces power consumption. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS, the RFE occupies merely 0.17 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Through the functional merge of the oscillator and PA, it can transmit 0 dBm at RF, featuring 10.2% power efficiency when delivering the RF power as low as -10 dBm at a 0.3-V supply. Under a 0.5-V supply, the LNA shows 11-dB gain and 6.8-dB noise figure (NF) while consuming 174 μW.
Radioimmunodiagnosis of ovarian cancer using 123I-labelled, tumor-associated monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies to epithelial cells, antigenic determinants labelled with I123 and I125, were administered to 10 immunodeficient mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of human ovarian cancer. Radio scans of the body taken with a gamma camera at various time intervals demonstrated the presence of the cancer in all the mice. The smallest detectable tumor was approximately 1 mm in diameter. In a subsequent clinical study using 123I-labelled monoclonal antibodies in 10 patients with ovarian cancer, tumor detection was achieved in 8 patients, with tumor uptake of labelled antibody ranging between 0.2-2.6%. As a complementary method to existing forms of diagnosis, the targeting of monoclonal antibodies to ovarian cancer cells in vivo raises the hope of achieving early diagnosis in otherwise undetectable ovarian cancer, and provides encouragement to the concept of selective therapy in oncology.
Ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in low-income-countries and more often undertreated: data from report-hf (2020)

Abstract Background The pathogenic role of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in heart failure is well known. However, little is known about the global differences in the prognostic significance and treatment patterns of IHD in acute heart failure (AHF). Methods We prospectively enrolled 18,553 patients with AHF from 44 countries and 365 centers in the REPORT-HF registry. Patients with a history of coronary artery disease, an ischemic etiology of the AHF event or coronary revascularization were classified as IHD. Differences in clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome were analyzed. Results Compared to 9,344 (50%) patients without IHD, the 9,189 (50%) patients with IHD were older, more often had a left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] &amp;lt;40%, (HFrEF) and decompensated chronic HF (DCHF) and had a greater comorbidity burden. Despite patients from lower-income countries having a higher prevalence of IHD (55% vs. 45% in high-income countries), only 27% of patients with IHD from low-income countries were treated with medicines commonly prescribed for HF (Figure A) compared to 16% of patients with IHD from high income countries. After correction for clinical confounders and medication use, patients with IHD had a shorter “door-to-nitrates and -diuretics time” and worse 1-year mortality (hazard ratio: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.27, Figure B) irrespective of geographic region (Pinteraction &amp;gt;0.1). We found a significant interaction for prognosis (Pinteraction &amp;lt;0.001) between IHD and HF diagnosis (DCHF vs. new-onset HF) as well as HF subtype (HFrEF vs. HF with preserved ejection fraction) respectively, such that IHD conveyed worse outcomes in patients with new-onset HF and HFrEF respectively in all world regions. Conclusion In this large global contemporary cohort of patients with AHF, IHD was more common in patients from low income countries, conveyed worse 1-year mortality, particularly in patients with new onset HF and patients with HFrEF. Despite worse outcomes, patients in regions with the greatest burden of IHD were more often undertreated. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Novartis
La0.75Sr0.2Mn0.9Co0.1O3 as Cathode Material for SOFC (1997)

A good electrical conductivity and an excellent oxygen reduction behaviour are mainly demanded for a SOFC cathode operating at a temperature below 900°C. The perovskite La0.75Sr0.2Mn0.9Co0.1O3 was produced by spray-drying technique and investigated for its performance in form of bulk material experiments and screen printed cathode layers. The results for electrical conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, chemical compatibility towards YSZ and electrochemical capability designated this perovskite to become an excellent candidate for the reduced temperature SOFC application.
Squishy Non-Spherical Hydrogel Microparticles (2009)

Recent advances in the synthesis of polymeric colloids have opened the doors to new advanced materials. There is strong interest in using these new techniques to produce particles that mimic and/or interact with biological systems. An important characteristic of biological systems that has not yet been exploited in synthetic polymeric colloids is their wide range of deformability. A canonical example of this is the human red blood cell (RBC) which exhibits extreme reversible deformability under flow. Here we report the synthesis of soft polymeric colloids with sizes and shapes that mimic those of the RBC. Additionally, we demonstrate that the mechanical flexibility of the colloids can be reproducibly varied over a large range resulting in RBC-like deformability under physiological flow conditions. These materials have the potential to impact the interaction between biological and synthetic systems.
Solvatochromic spectroscopy of metamaterials (2019)

For the first time, it is shown theoretically and experimentally, that immersing metamaterial into liquids with different refractive indices enables spectroscopy capable of distinguishing between different multipole contributions to metamaterial’s transmission and reflection spectra.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
Incidence, Evolution, and Spatial Distribution of Functional Reentry During Ventricular Fibrillation in Pigs (1999)

Functional reentry has been hypothesized to be an underlying mechanism of ventricular fibrillation (VF); however, its contribution to activation patterns during fully developed VF is unclear. We applied new quantitative pattern analysis techniques to mapping data acquired from a 21 x 24 unipolar electrode array (2-mm spacing) located on the ventricular epicardium of 7 open-chest, unsupported pigs. Data epochs 4 seconds long beginning 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds after electrical induction were analyzed. Reentrant circuits were automatically identified and quantified. We found that 2.3% of activation pathways could unambiguously be classified as reentrant. From scaling analysis, an additional 28% of the pathways may also have been reentrant. Reentry was short-lived with 1.5+/-1.5 (mean+/-SD) complete cycles per circuit. The fraction of reentrant pathways, number of cycles per circuit, cycle duration, and area and perimeter of the cores all increased significantly as VF progressed. Core drift speed decreased significantly. Neither the orientation of the cores nor the direction of drift was well predicted by the epicardial fiber orientation (r2=0.108 and 0.138, respectively, by linear regression). Reentrant circuits were clustered in regions of the epicardium. We conclude the following: (1) Epicardial reentry is relatively uncommon and short-lived during VF, suggesting either that sustained reentry is transmural or that mechanisms governing sustained reentry are relatively unimportant to the dynamics of VF. (2) Reentrant circuits become more common, larger, and longer-lived as VF progresses, which may explain a recently observed increase in VF organization during the first minute of VF. (3) The conditions necessary to induce and sustain reentry are distributed nonuniformly.