gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind correction of gain and timing mismatches for a two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter: experimental verification (2006)

We report experimental verification of the previously proposed blind method of correcting gain and timing mismatches for a two-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC). The experimental setup allows for two different M=2 TIADC configurations with 14-bit resolution and 200-MHz overall sampling rates. Mismatch parameters are estimated by the blind algorithm with representative narrowband and wideband signals. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) performance is then evaluated by using sinusoids. We discuss performance gain, as well as the limitations of the proposed blind algorithm when applied to real world analog-to-digital (A/D) converters.
This is to count as a construction (2012)

This article investigates the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties of utterances such as 'This is to count as a construction.' It is argued that a construction is required to capture certain semi-idiosyncratic aspects of the pattern. We call this construction the is-to
construction. At the same time, its properties are 'motivated' by relating the construction to other well-known constructions via a default inheritance hierarchy. The article also discusses a non-productive “object-related” construction and suggests a diachronic relationship between the two. The proposal is contrasted with word-based, semantic, and 
purely syntactic accounts.
Cover Image (2020)

The cover image is based on the Original Article Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of lipomatosis of the sciatic nerve: Early-onset colonic diverticular disease by Tomas Marek et al, https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13917
Expression-invariant multispectral face recognition: you can smile now! (2006)

Face recognition performance has always been affected by the different facial expressions a subject may display. In this paper, we present an extension to the UR3D face recognition algorithm, which enables us to decrease the discrepancy in its performance for datasets from subjects with and without a neutral facial expression, from 15% to 3%.
Temperature Tracking: Toward Robust Run-Time Detection of Hardware Trojans (2015)

The hardware Trojan threat has motivated development of Trojan detection schemes at all stages of the integrated circuit (IC) lifecycle. While the majority of existing schemes focus on ICs at test-time, there are many unique advantages offered by post-deployment/run-time Trojan detection. However, run-time approaches have been underutilized with prior work highlighting the challenges of implementing them with limited hardware resources. In this paper, we propose three innovative low-overhead approaches for run-time Trojan detection which exploit the thermal sensors already available in many modern systems to detect deviations in power/thermal profiles caused by Trojan activation. The first one is a local sensor-based approach that uses information from thermal sensors together with hypothesis testing to make a decision. The second one is a global approach that exploits correlation between sensors and maintains track of the ICs thermal profile using a Kalman filter (KF). The third approach incorporates leakage power into the system dynamic model and apply extended KF (EKF) to track ICs thermal profile. Simulation results using state-of-the-art tools on ten publicly available Trojan benchmarks verify that all three proposed approaches can detect active Trojans quickly and with few false positives. Among three approaches, EKF is flawless in terms of the ten benchmarks tested but would require the most overhead.
A transient core loss calculation algorithm for soft magnetic composite material (2013)

In order to investigate the feasibility of dynamic loss minimization for DC-to-DC converters by control methods, transient core loss analysis for soft magnetic composite material is presented in this paper. A practical calculation model based on equivalent elliptical loop (EEL) model is developed to obtain the transient losses, and the algorithm is modified to adapt to non-sinusoidal waveforms by checking inflection points of the magnetic flux trajectory. With this model, time domain information of trajectories can be calculated automatically. And because of the simplicity of this model, it is easy to apply the calculation to finite element analysis. In experiments, a 200 Hz sinusoidal wave and also the 200 Hz wave combined with a single odd harmonic (3rd, 5th, ...49th) are applied to a ring core made of one-percent SiFe alloy powder and used to evaluate and document accuracy.
Bacterial glycogen provides short-term benefits in changing environments (2019)

Abstract Changing nutritional conditions challenge microbes and shape their evolutionary optimization. Here we investigated the role of glycogen in dynamic physiological adaptation of Escherichia coli to fluctuating nutrients following carbon starvation using real-time metabolomics. We found significant metabolic activity remaining after the depletion of environmental glucose that was linked to a rapid utilization of intracellular glycogen. Glycogen was depleted by 80% within minutes of glucose starvation and similarly replenished within minutes of glucose availability. These fast timescales of glycogen utilization correspond to the short-term benefits that glycogen provided to cells undergoing various physiological transitions. Cells capable of utilizing glycogen exhibited shorter lag times than glycogen mutants when starved between different carbon sources. The ability to utilize glycogen was also important for the transition between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles and enabled increased glucose uptake during pulses of limited glucose availability. While wild-type and mutant strains exhibited comparable growth rates in steady environments, mutants deficient in glycogen utilization grew more poorly in environments that fluctuated on minute-scales between carbon availability and starvation. Altogether, these results highlight an underappreciated role of glycogen to rapidly provide carbon and energy in changing environments, thereby increasing survival and competition capabilities in fluctuating and nutrient poor conditions.
Quasilinear formulation with a simple remeshing scheme for the finite element based simulation of dopant diffusion in silicon (1986)

The weighted residual formulation of the finite-element method is used to solve the nonlinear diffusion equation which describes dopant diffusion. Discretisation in the time domain is carried out using the Crank-Nicolson implicit scheme. A remeshing scheme based on a continuity criterion obtained by comparing the concentration values of adjacent nodes is used to introduce or eliminate nodes in the spatial domain as the diffusion proceeds in time. This scheme which uses an average diffusivity across each element has been successfully applied to the simulation of As diffusion in Si, and overcomes the oscillation and instability which would otherwise occur if a uniform mesh with the same number of nodes were used.
Flow Characteristics and Robustness of an Inclined Quad-vortex Range Hood (2014)

A novel design of range hood, which was termed the inclined quad-vortex (IQV) range hood, was examined for its flow and containment leakage characteristics under the influence of a plate sweeping across the hood face. A flow visualization technique was used to unveil the flow behavior. Three characteristic flow modes were observed: convex, straight, and concave modes. A tracer gas detection method using sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was employed to measure the containment leakage levels. The results were compared with the test data reported previously in the literature for a conventional range hood and an inclined air curtain (IAC) range hood. The leakage SF6 concentration of the IQV range hood under the influence of the plate sweeping was 0.039 ppm at a suction flow rate of 9.4 m(3)/min. The leakage concentration of the conventional range hood was 0.768 ppm at a suction flow rate of 15.0 m(3)/min. For the IAC range hood, the leakage concentration was 0.326 ppm at a suction flow rate of 10.9 m(3)/min. The IQV range hood presented a significantly lower leakage level at a smaller suction flow rate than the conventional and IAC range hoods due to its aerodynamic design for flow behavior.
A Method of Trajectory Anonymization with Adjustable Usefulness (2020)

Movement trajectories can provide useful information for all fields. However, they may have high privacy parameters, sharing trajectory data with other operators without anonymization carries the risk of linking movement trajectories to individuals. Therefore, it is necessary to consider applying privacy protection to trajectory data. Anonymization indicators, such as k-anonymity are generally adopted for anonymization of trajectory data. Some studies modify position information to achieve anonymity. This modification sometimes produces inaccuracies in data sets. Moreover, they cannot decide on which balance to change location information and timestamp. In this study, to reduce the modification distance of the position, we propose an algorithm that allows the mismatch of time when the position information is acquired within a certain range. Further, we define indicators that represent distortions of position and time information. As a result of comparing the proposed method and the existing method, the usefulness of the proposed method is shown.
Hollow Spherical (Co, Zn)/N, S-Doped Carbons: Efficient Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Both Alkaline and Acidic Media (2019)

Platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are widely used for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in many energy conversion and storage devices, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. However, Pt is among the least earth abundant and most expensive elements; as a result, these energy devices are currently difficult to scale up. This has motivated researchers to try to develop sustainable and alternative catalysts that can replace Pt as well as other noble metal-based catalysts. Herein, novel Co nanocrystals-loaded, Zn, N, and S codoped carbon materials, dubbed (Co, Zn)/NSC, which have hollow spherical structures and which can serve as efficient ORR catalysts, are developed via a facile synthetic method involving microemulsion and pyrolysis. The key in the synthesis of these nonprecious metal-containing heteroatom-doped nanostructured carbon catalysts is the preparation of nanosized, mixed metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in solution using microemulsion, and the exploitation of their morphology to produce hollow spherical structures via pyrolysis. Elemental mapping shows the presence of Co, Zn, N, and S atoms throughout the structures of the materials. The material obtained at pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, denoted (Co, Zn)/NSC-800, exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for ORR in alkaline and acidic media, with onset potentials of 1.000 and 0.802 V vs RHE, respectively. In addition, the catalyst is stable and tolerates the methanol crossover reaction in both cases. Thus, this material has the potential to replace Pt catalysts in fuel cells. Moreover, the synthetic approach used to make it can be extended to produce other robust, nonprecious transition metal-based catalysts for ORR.
Improved Electrical Properties of SiC-MOS Interfaces by Thermal Oxidation of Plasma Nitrided 4H-SiC(0001) Surfaces (2010)

We propose a treatment of nitrogen radical irradiation to 4H-SiC surfaces for improving thermally grown SiO2/SiC interfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that a 1.7-nm-thick nitride film was formed by nitrogen radical exposure for 30 min and that Si-N bonds were retained after subsequent 10 min oxidation. It was also confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) that nitrogen atoms were piled up at the SiO2/SiC interface for the samples fabricated by thermal oxidation for 3 min with nitrogen plasma exposure. The metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with a thin oxynitride layer formed by nitrogen radical exposure to the SiC surface and subsequent thermal oxidation exhibited excellent capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics. The interface state density (Dit) was significantly reduced by nitrogen radical exposure even at the shallow energy level near the conduction band edge. A minimum Dit value of 1.4 × 1011 cm-2eV-1 at Ec – E = 0.44 eV was achieved. Therefore, we can conclude that the treatment of nitrogen radical irradiation to the SiC surface prior to thermal oxidation is a promising method for improving SiC-MOS characteristics.
Supplementary Table 2 from A Multi-Institution Phase I Trial of Ruxolitinib in Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table summarizing all toxicities reported on study.&lt;/p&gt;
Selective Ethylene Oligomerization in the Presence of ZnR2: Synthesis of Terminally-Functionalized Ethylene Oligomers (2010)

The selective oligomerization of ethylene to 1-hexene or 1-octene provides a selective route to these valuable α-olefins. Selective trimerization and tetramerization of ethylene with Cr catalysts have been proposed to occur by a mechanism involving metallacycle intermediates. We envisioned that the intermediacy of metallacycles could provide an opportunity to generate new classes of functionalized ethylene oligomers by chain transfer to a transmetalation reagent. Herein, we report the influence of transmetalation agents such as zinc alkyls on the selectivity of ethylene oligomerization with a Cr(PNP)Cl3/MAO system (PNP = Ph2PN(iPr)PPh2). Oligomerization of ethylene with Cr(PNP)Cl3/MAO at 200 psig of ethylene at 25 or 45 °C generates 1-hexene, 1-octene, C10−C22 oligomers, and polyethylene. The addition of ZnR2 increases the productivity and selectivity for C10−C22 oligomers and results in a decrease in the amount and molecular weight of the polyethylene generated. Analysis of the product distribution after quenching with D2O reveals that 1-hexene and 1-octene are unlabeled, but that all higher oligomers are deuteriated alkanes or alkenes, depending on the nature of the zinc alkyl (R = Me, Et, Bu). Mechanistic proposals are presented to explain the formation of differentially functionalized coproducts in the presence of zinc alkyls. These studies reveal that oligomerization in the presence of ZnR2 provides a new route to end-functionalized ethylene oligomers and new insights on the reactivity of metallacycle intermediates in the Cr-catalyzed oligomerization of ethylene.
Water Growth on GeO2/Ge(100) Stack and Its Effect on the Electronic Properties of GeO2 (2012)

Water growth on GeO2 films on a Ge(100) substrate and their effect on the electronic properties of GeO2 films are investigated using ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at relative humidity (RH) values from 0% to approximately 45%. Water adsorbs at low RHs and continues to grow gradually up to ∼1% RH, probably forming hydroxyls. Water grows rapidly above 1% RH, indicative of the formation of a molecular water film. The molecular water film formed reaches more than one monolayer in thickness at 10% RH. We show that the energy separation between Ge4+ and Ge0+ signals in Ge3d spectra increases with RH until it reaches 1%. In addition, the collapse of an initial abrupt GeO2/Ge interface is demonstrated in this humidity range, indicating that water molecules in the gas phase infiltrate into the permeable GeO2 film, and water-related species accumulate at the GeO2/Ge interface. We propose that water-related species emit electrons to the Ge bulk and positive charges are created in GeO2 close to the GeO2/Ge interface, which is the origin of the specific features of Ge3d spectra. These positive charges are likely to be the cause of the reported negative shift of the flatband voltage in metal-oxide-semiconductor (Ge) capacitors with air-exposed GeO2.
Issues in Nanolithography for Quantum Effect Device Manufacture (2017)

In 1975 Moore published his now famous curve depicting the shrinkage of device critical dimensions over time. A version of this curve is shown as Fig. 8.1. Over the past 20 years, this curve has provided a remarkably good means of projecting future processing requirements. As extrapolation of the curve indicates, in the first decade of the next century, the size of minimum features will be at or less than 100 nm. No matter what the governing principle of device operation is, “quantum effects” (i.e., tunneling and particle-wave interference effects) must be accounted for in predicting device performance.
The role of group IIF-secreted phospholipase A2 in epidermal homeostasis and hyperplasia (2015)

Epidermal lipids are important for skin homeostasis. However, the entire picture of the roles of lipids, particularly nonceramide lipid species, in epidermal biology still remains obscure. Here, we report that PLA2G2F, a functionally orphan-secreted phospholipase A2 expressed in the suprabasal epidermis, regulates skin homeostasis and hyperplasic disorders. Pla2g2f(-/-) mice had a fragile stratum corneum and were strikingly protected from psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and skin cancer. Conversely, Pla2g2f-overexpressing transgenic mice displayed psoriasis-like epidermal hyperplasia. Primary keratinocytes from Pla2g2f(-) (/-) mice showed defective differentiation and activation. PLA2G2F was induced by calcium or IL-22 in keratinocytes and preferentially hydrolyzed ethanolamine plasmalogen-bearing docosahexaenoic acid secreted from keratinocytes to give rise to unique bioactive lipids (i.e., protectin D1 and 9S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) that were distinct from canonical arachidonate metabolites (prostaglandins and leukotrienes). Ethanolamine lysoplasmalogen, a PLA2G2F-derived marker product, rescued defective activation of Pla2g2f(-/-) keratinocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Our results highlight PLA2G2F as a previously unrecognized regulator of skin pathophysiology and point to this enzyme as a novel drug target for epidermal-hyperplasic diseases.
Electroconvulsive therapy suppresses the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway in treatment-resistant depressed patients (2016)

This study confirms an imbalanced kynurenine pathway in MDD supporting the hypothesis of a netstimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in the disorder. Treatment with ECT profoundly decreased QUIN, an NMDA-receptor agonist previously suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of depression, an effect that might have bearing for the good clinical outcome of ECT.
Nuclear Receptors as Targets in Cardiovascular Diseases (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction MR (NR3C2) THRs (NR1A1 and NR1A2) PPARα (NR1C1) VDR (NR1I1) Retinoic Acid Receptors (NR1B1, 2 and 3) and Retinoid X Receptors (NR2B1, 2 and 3) Liver X Receptors (NR1H3 and NR1H2) Outlook References
Trust-B as ed N avi gation in Distributed Systems (1994)

ABSTRACT: In distributed environments entities may be associated with arbifary trust assumptions regarding other entities. A method is presented for analyzing distributed protocols that are designed to reflect such particular trust relations. A new protocol for obtaining public keys in a multidomain environment without necessarily assuming that all trust relations correspond to a global hierarchical structure is presented and analyzed using the new method. The potential advantages of this approach over previous ones are discussed.
Maximization of Energy Collection Efficiency of a Solar-Powered Passive Thermosiphonic Hot Water Heater (2018)

The efficiency of solar energy collection of a solar-powered thermosiphonic hot water heater operating passively through buoyancy-driven flow without external power or active pumps is experimentally maximized through iterative variations of various parameters on a scale model. An experimental apparatus consists of a water tank eight inches in diameter and four feet long positioned horizontally above a solar collector consisting of two horizontal copper manifolds connected by vertical risers, with tank and solar collector connected so as to form a loop and vented to ensure an atmospheric operating pressure. Four parameters are iteratively varied in a controlled environment in an effort to maximize the efficiency of energy collection: height difference between tank and solar collector, solar collector angle, hydraulic resistance in the loop, and rate of heat addition to the solar collector. Solar collection efficiency is determined by measuring the temperature of fluid flow at the inlet and outlet of the solar collector using thermistors and measuring the volumetric flowrate through the solar collector using an open-bore flowmeter employing an RTD-based temperature difference method. Data is captured using a custom LabVIEW data acquisition program and analyzed using a MATLAB program code.
Patented cancer vaccines: the promising leads (2010)

Even though few specific products are currently available on the market, cancer vaccines have the potential to offer long-term survival to cancer patients in the near future. However, it is also clear that cancer vaccines will never be a 'stand alone' therapy, but will need to be combined with standard therapies and immunomodulators.
Spiral Perfusion Imaging with Consecutive Echoes (SPICE™) for the Simultaneous Mapping of DSC- and DCE-MRI Parameters in Brain Tumor Patients: Theory and Initial Feasibility (2016)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the perfusion imaging techniques most frequently used to probe the angiogenic character of brain neoplasms. With these methods, T1- and T2/T2*-weighted imaging sequences are used to image the distribution of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents. However, it is well known that Gd exhibits combined T1, T2, and T2* shortening effects in tissue, and therefore, the results of both DCE- and DSC-MRI can be confounded by these opposing effects. In particular, residual susceptibility effects compete with T1 shortening, which can confound DCE-MRI parameters, whereas dipolar T1 and T2 leakage and residual susceptibility effects can confound DSC-MRI parameters. We introduce here a novel perfusion imaging acquisition and postprocessing method termed Spiral Perfusion Imaging with Consecutive Echoes (SPICE) that can be used to simultaneously acquire DCE- and DSC-MRI data, which requires only a single dose of the Gd contrast agent, does not require the collection of a precontrast T1 map for DCE-MRI processing, and eliminates the confounding contrast agent effects due to contrast extravasation. A detailed mathematical description of SPICE is provided here along with a demonstration of its utility in patients with high-grade glioma.