gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey on the Programmable Data Plane: Abstractions, Architectures, and Open Problems (2018)

Programmable switches allow the packet processing behavior to be applied to transmitted packets, including the type, sequence, and semantics of processing operations, to be reconfigured on the fly in a systematic fashion. As such, programmable switches are the key to realize the next-generation of network services and applications, including software-defined networking, 5G, IoT, and massive-scale cloud computing. This paper presents a survey on the recent trends and issues in the design and implementation of programmable network devices, focusing on the prominent abstractions and architectures proposed, debated, realized, and deployed during the last 10 years. First we describe the anatomy of a programmable switch, then we highlight the most important pointers from the literature and cast different taxonomies for the field, and finally we sketch open issues and possible future research directions.
Chemical vapor deposition of sialon (2023)

A laminated composite and a method for forming the composite by chemical vapor deposition. The composite includes a layer of sialon and a material to which the layer is bonded. The method includes the steps of exposing a surface of the material to an ammonia containing atmosphere; heating the surface to at least about 1200.degree. C.; and impinging a gas containing in a flowing atmosphere of air N.sub.2, SiCl.sub.4, and AlCl.sub.3 on the surface.
Correlation between serum PSA and testosterone (T) kinetics in patients (pts) with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer (BRPC) (M0), after local treatment (tx), treated with intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD). (2010)

4641 Background: IAD is often applied in BRPC (M0) after local tx. Criteria for initiation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and evaluation based on PSA dynamics remain poorly defined. Shortening of PSA doubling time (PSADT) following repeated cycles has been reported as a common development in pts treated by IAD. Aims: To analyze the correlation between serum PSA and T dynamics following discontinuation of ADT in pts with BRPC (M0) treated with IAD. Methods: Data on pts with BRPC (M0) treated by IAD were retrospectively analyzed. Pts received 6-9 months (ms) of ADT discontinued when PSA nadired. Pts were followed with PSA, and T every 3 ms. The PSA threshold for re-tx was defined according to PSADT (PSA range of 10-15ng/ml, 15-20 ng/ml, and 20-30ng/ml for PSADT of ≤3ms, 3-9 ms, and ≥ 9 ms, respectively). IAD was continued until PSA refractoriness or development of progression of disease as evident by physical exams or scans. The correlation between the PSADT and T recovery kinetics was analyzed. Mixed effects model was used to study the dynamic change of PSADT over cycles. Results: Between 1994-2008, 76 pts received a median of 2.3 (range 1-9) cycles of IAD.The median off tx time between cycles was 17.9 mos (2-132 range). With an overall mean follow up time of 50.8 months (6-172 range), 52 pts (68%) remain on tx and 21 pts (28%) have demonstrated evidence of PSA refractoriness (n=6) or radiological progression (n=15). 3 pts (4%) were lost to followup. Evaluation of all PSA values from time of discontinuation (nadir PSA) to re-initiation of ADT (off tx period) demonstrated a progressive shortening of PSADT with each consecutive cycle (decrease of 2.11 ms per unit cycle, p<.0001). However, PSADT calculation including only PSA values obtained after a serum T >100ng/ml was reached, did not show significant shortening over time (decrease of 0.05 ms per unit cycle, p=0.2968). Conclusions: Evaluation of PSADT considering T kinetics in pts treated with IAD may provide more reliable information on PSA dynamics. This approach should be investigated prospectively and, if validated, applied in clinical practice and clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
cDNA-AFLP-Based Numerical Comparison of Leaf and Root Organ cDNAs in Catharanthus roseus (2012)

Comparative transcriptome study of the leaf and root tissues of Catharanthus roseus is a prerequisite for causing any favorable tissue-specific change in the secondary metabolism of this species. This study was aimed at comparative analysis of the leaf and root cDNAs in C. roseus, using a cDNA-AFLP approach. Using 64 primer combinations (EcoRI and MseI), a total of 784 distinct transcriptionally-defined fragments (TDFs) could be detected in the root and leaf tissue transcript populations. The leaf tissue yielded a larger number of TDFs than the root tissue (556 versus 464), indicating a greater variety of expressing genes in the leaf. The leaf-specific TDFs (320) outnumbered the root-specific TDFs (228), indicating a higher number of leaf-specific functions and the relative complexity of the leaf tissue vis-à-vis the root tissue. Among the 236 TDFs that were detected in both types of tissues, 42 had nearly equal expression levels in both the tissues (L=R). Common TDFs having higher expression levels in the leaf (L>R; 124) outnumbered those having higher expression levels in the root (L<R; 70), which again reinforced the predominance of the leaf transcriptome over the root transcriptome.
Enhanced polarization-independent optical ring resonators on silicon-on-insulator (2005)

Recently, we have realised a polarisation independent optical racetrack resonator whose resonant dips for TE and TM align to better than 1pm. The devices had a Free Spectral Range (FSR) of only several hundred picometres. This in large part was to the relatively large bend radius (~ 400&mu;m) designed and fabricated with initial focus on producing low bend loss devices. Modelling of the bend loss of the same dimension devices shows that the bend radius can be reduced significantly (down to ~25&mu;m) to produce race track ring resonator with an FSR that is approximately 400% larger than that of those previously fabricated, whilst retaining polarisation independence. This paper will focus on the proposed enhancement of these devices as well as the impetus for their investigation.
Development of the Driving Pump for the Low Noise Large Cavitation Tunnel (2008)

It is reported to develop the driving pump for the Low Noise Large Cavitation Tunnel(LOCAT) which is under construction at Maritime & Ocean Engineering Research Institute(MOERI). For low background noise condition of the LOCAT, it is crucial not only the best pump efficiency but also no cavity occurrence at any operating conditions. Design condition of the pump is determined by considering the required pump headrise, flow quantity, shaft rotation velocity and pump diameter. Performance analysis of the pump is conducted using commercial CFD codes (<TEX>$BladeGen^+$</TEX>, CFX-10), and the predicted results are verified by a series of model tests. Cavity was not observed at any operating condition in the model test, which were conducted at the midium cavitation tunnel of MOERI. The optimum pump for LOCAT, named as LP-11, was successfully developed through a series of pump design processes composed of blade design, performance analysis and model test.
Record Performance of 500°C Low-Temperature nMOSFETs for 3D Sequential Integration using a Smart Cut TM Layer Transfer Module (2021)

We report record performances in Top-tier nMOSFETs fabricated by 3D sequential integration, as well as junction optimization guidelines to further optimize the performances within a maximum thermal budget of 500°C. We reached I ON =870µA/µm at I OFF =100nA/µm V DD =1V together with A VT =1.35mV.µm and a decent PBTI lifetime. Moreover, a first generation of Low Temperature LT layer transfer module from Si substrates based on Smart CutTM was developed to obtain LTSOI quality compatible with 500°C FDSOI process integration: RMS=0.083nm roughness and 0.4nm SOI uniformity. The nMOSFETs fabricated on these LTSOI wafers reached I ON -I OFF performances at 88% of reference transistors integrated on regular SOI wafers.
The N-terminus of CXCR4 splice variants determines expression and functional properties (2023)

C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12) is an essential chemokine for organ development and homeostasis in multiple tissues. Its receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4(CXCR4), is expressed on the surface of target cells. The chemokine and receptor are expressed almost ubiquitously in human tissues and cells throughout life, and abnormal expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 is observed in pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer. CXCR4 is reportedly translated into five splicing variants of different lengths, which each have different amino acids in the N-terminus. As the N-terminus is the first recognition site for chemokines, CXCR4 variants may respond differently to CXCL12. Despite these differences, the molecular and functional properties of CXCR4 variants have not been thoroughly described or compared. Here, we explored the expression of CXCR4 variants in cell lines and analyzed their roles in cellular responses using biochemical approaches. RT-PCR revealed that most cell lines express more than one CXCR4 variant. When expressed in HEK293 cells, the CXCR4 variants differed in protein expression efficiency and cell surface localization. Although variant 2 demonstrated the strongest expression and cell surface localization, variants 1, 3, and 5 also mediated chemokine signaling and induced cellular responses. Our results demonstrate that the N-terminal sequences of each CXCR4 variant determine the expression of the receptor and affect ligand recognition. Functional analyses revealed that CXCR4 variants may also affect each other or interact during CXCL12-stimulated cellular responses. Altogether, our results suggest that CXCR4 variants may have distinct functional roles that warrant additional investigation and could contribute to future development of novel drug interventions.
Understanding of Dense Breast and Perception of Breast Cancer Risk of Nurses with or without Dense Breast Notification (2023)

on Cancer: IARC) (2A ) . 1)
Small-Angle Scattering from Long-Chain Alkylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids (2002)

This paper compares the structure of 1-alky1-3-methylimidazolium salts using SAXS and X-ray reflectivity. A range of anions have been investigated namely chloride, bromide, trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf), bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFI) and tetrachloropalladate(II) with cation alkyl chains ranging from n = 12-20. In general, the salts show liquid crystalline behaviour whose structure is still observed on melting into an isotropic liquid.
Optimal linewidth distribution minimizing average signal delay for RC limited circuits (1993)

Based on idealized interconnect scaling rules, we derive the optimal distribution of linewidths as a function of length for wire-limited layouts utilizing RC-limited interconnections. We show that the width of the wires should be chosen proportional to the cube root of their length for two-dimensional layouts and proportional to the fourth root of their length for full three-dimensional layouts so as to minimize average signal delay.
Neural étendue expander for ultra-wide-angle high-fidelity holographic display (2024)

Holographic displays can generate light fields by dynamically modulating the wavefront of a coherent beam of light using a spatial light modulator, promising rich virtual and augmented reality applications. However, the limited spatial resolution of existing dynamic spatial light modulators imposes a tight bound on the diffraction angle. As a result, modern holographic displays possess low étendue, which is the product of the display area and the maximum solid angle of diffracted light. The low étendue forces a sacrifice of either the field-of-view (FOV) or the display size. In this work, we lift this limitation by presenting neural étendue expanders. This new breed of optical elements, which is learned from a natural image dataset, enables higher diffraction angles for ultra-wide FOV while maintaining both a compact form factor and the fidelity of displayed contents to human viewers. With neural étendue expanders, we experimentally achieve 64 × étendue expansion of natural images in full color, expanding the FOV by an order of magnitude horizontally and vertically, with high-fidelity reconstruction quality (measured in PSNR) over 29 dB on retinal-resolution images.
Advanced process control loop for SAQP pitch walk with combined lithography, deposition and etch actuators (2020)

Self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP) has quickly become the most viable multi-patterning scheme adopted for manufacturing critical layers in logic and memory devices below the 10nm (N10) technology node. Occurrence of pitch walk is a very common phenomenon in post SAQP layers. If not properly managed, the absolute value and variability of pitch walk could result in either parametric yield degradation or catastrophic fin-loss defects. These issues result from the interaction with subsequent processes, such as keeps and cuts, which are used to define and isolate fin groups for building the transistors. Previous studies have shown that a combined lithography and etch methodology would help reduce the pitch walk impact [1]. In this article, we will show advanced control for SAQP pitch walk using a combined scheme of lithography, deposition and etch actuators, in a front end 5nm logic process. By the implementation of a rigorous pitch walk prediction model that is calibrated and validated with wafer data, we then expand the model coverage to include an edge placement error component. This accounts for the contribution of overlay from subsequent layers to predict patterning defect probability at the final stage of device structure formation. With this approach, we can identify the optimal process control loop that minimizes pitch walk effects while maximizes the process margin for subsequent layers for this integration scheme.
Monitoring Cancer Cell Invasion and T-Cell Cytotoxicity in 3D Culture (2020)

Significant progress has been made in treating cancer with immunotherapy, although a large number of cancers remain resistant to treatment. A limited number of assays allow for direct monitoring and mechanistic insights into the interactions between tumor and immune cells, amongst which, T-cells play a significant role in executing the cytotoxic response of the adaptive immune system to cancer cells. Most assays are based on two-dimensional (2D) co-culture of cells due to the relative ease of use but with limited representation of the invasive growth phenotype, one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Current three-dimensional (3D) co-culture systems either require special equipment or separate monitoring for invasion of co-cultured cancer cells and interacting T-cells. Here we describe an approach to simultaneously monitor the invasive behavior in 3D of cancer cell spheroids and T-cell cytotoxicity in co-culture. Spheroid formation is driven by enhanced cell-cell interactions in scaffold-free agarose microwell casts with U-shaped bottoms. Both T-cell co-culture and cancer cell invasion into type I collagen matrix are performed within the microwells of the agarose casts without the need to transfer the cells, thus maintaining an intact 3D co-culture system throughout the assay. The collagen matrix can be separated from the agarose cast, allowing for immunofluorescence (IF) staining and for confocal imaging of cells. Also, cells can be isolated for further growth or subjected to analyses such as for gene expression or fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, the 3D co-culture can be analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) after embedding and sectioning. Possible modifications of the assay include altered compositions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as the inclusion of different stromal or immune cells with the cancer cells.
Listerial invasion protein internalin B promotes entry into ileal Peyer's patches in vivo (2010)

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) invades the host intestine using listerial invasion proteins, internalins. The in vivo role of internalin A (InlA) and internalin B (InlB) is reported here. Intragastric (i.g.) administration and ligated loop assays with ΔinlB-Lm demonstrated that a lack of InlB significantly attenuates the invasive ability of Lm into various organs. On the other hand, InlA(m)-Lm expressing a mutant InlA with two substitutions, S192N and Y369S, which has been reported to increase the affinity of InlA to mouse E-cadherin, resulted in little increase in intestinal infection according to both ligated loop and i.g. infection assays. Lm preferentially enters ileal Peyer's patch (PP) via M cells and ΔinlB-Lm showed severely reduced ability to invade though these cells. The present results reveal the importance of InlB, which accelerates listerial invasion into M cells on ileal PPs in vivo.
Automated quantification of retinal arteriovenous nicking from colour fundus images (2013)

Retinal arteriovenous nicking (AV nicking) is the phenomenon where the venule is compressed or decreases in its caliber at both sides of an arteriovenous crossing. Recent research suggests that retinal AVN is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases such as stroke. In this article, we propose a computer method for assessing the severity level of AV nicking of an artery-vein (AV) crossing in color retinal images. The vascular network is first extracted using a method based on multi-scale line detection. A trimming process is then performed to isolate the main vessels from unnecessary structures such as small branches or imaging artefact. Individual segments of each vessel are then identified and the vein is recognized through an artery-vein identification process. A vessel width measurement method is devised to measure the venular caliber along its two segments. The vessel width measurements of each venular segment is then analyzed and assessed separately and the final AVN index of a crossover is computed as the most severity of its two segments. The proposed technique was validated on 69 AV crossover points of varying AV nicking levels extracted from retinal images of the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES). The results show that the computed AVN values are highly correlated with the manual grading with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.70. This has demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed method and the feasibility to develop a computer method for automatic AV nicking detection. The quantitative measurements provided by the system may help to establish a more reliable link between AV nicking and known systemic and eye diseases, which deserves further examination and exploration.
Intravital imaging of cardiac function at the single-cell level (2014)

Knowledge of cardiomyocyte biology is limited by the lack of methods to interrogate single-cell physiology in vivo. Here we show that contracting myocytes can indeed be imaged with optical microscopy at high temporal and spatial resolution in the beating murine heart, allowing visualization of individual sarcomeres and measurement of the single cardiomyocyte contractile cycle. Collectively, this has been enabled by efficient tissue stabilization, a prospective real-time cardiac gating approach, an image processing algorithm for motion-artifact-free imaging throughout the cardiac cycle, and a fluorescent membrane staining protocol. Quantification of cardiomyocyte contractile function in vivo opens many possibilities for investigating myocardial disease and therapeutic intervention at the cellular level.
Mechanical relaxations in some ionene polymers. I. Effect of Ion concentration (1976)

Abstract Dynamic mechanical properties of m , n ‐ionenes, the structure of which are shown in Figure 1, were examined by torsional braid analysis. Three relaxations designated as α,β and γ were found. The α relaxation, ascribed to the primary relaxation due to an amorphous phase, was observed at 70–130°C, the temperature increasing with an increase of the ion concentration along the polymer chains. The β relaxation at around 0°C was related to the ionic portions of the polymers. The γ relaxation at around–120°C was a so‐called local mode relaxation. The γ relaxation peak was split into two peaks in the very slowly cooled 12,10‐ionene sample and the formation of an inhomogeneous structure in the amorphous phase is proposed.
J024043 Friction and Viscoelastic Properties of Knee Joint Cartilage Using Single Pendulum (2013)

In this study, the method for measurements of the friction and viscoelastic properties was proposed by using pendulum tester combined with axial force sensor measuring joint forces. Rabbit knee joints (n=7) were used in this experiment. The rotation center position and normal force of knee joint surface were calculated, and calculated friction, viscosity, and elastic coefficient. Each parameter was measured under different knee joint angles (90, 100, 110, 120 and 130) in this experiment. Friction coefficients were larger at more flexed angle of knee joint. Viscosity and elastic coefficient indicated a constant value. The normal force of knee joint indicated a smaller value when the knee angle is small. As a result, frictional, viscosity, and elastic force indicated a constant value even if knee angle changed. Because it was considered energy loss was constant at all knee angles, it could be confirmed that the technique proposed in this study was more accuracy to measure friction and viscoelastic properties.
A phase I vaccine trial of a HER-2/neu peptide incorporated into PLG microspheres in patients with advanced stage HER2-expressing cancers (2006)

2572 Background: Standard methods for immunization with peptides to elicit cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have not been well defined. Injection of soluble antigens in most standard vaccine formulations induce helper T cell and antibody responses, but generally fail to elicit CTL. Preclinical studies have shown that peptides incorporated into Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLG) microspheres are more effective in eliciting CTL than soluble peptides. Additionally, studies in HLA-A2 transgenic mice have shown GM-CSF and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL-AF) to be effective adjuvants for induction of CTL with PLG peptide. A Phase I vaccine study was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of HER2 peptide p369–377 incorporated in PLG microspheres in combination with GM-CSF or MPL-AF as adjuvant in patients with advanced stage HER2 overexpressing cancers. Methods: Twenty-four HLA-A2+ patients with stage III/IV breast, ovarian, or non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled sequentially into 4 treatment arms (6 patients/arm) and received escalating doses of the vaccine (Arms 1 and 2 received 0.5 mg of HER2 peptide; Arms 3 and 4 received 1.5 mg HER2 peptide) with different adjuvants (Arms 1, 2 and 3 received GM-CSF; Arm 4 received MPL-AF) and by different administration routes (Arm 1 received intradermal injection; Arms 2, 3, and 4 received subcutaneous injection). Vaccines were administered every 28 days for a total of 6 immunizations. Toxicity assessments were conducted at baseline, prior to each vaccine and at follow-up. Immunologic responses were evaluated with IFN-γ ELIspot assay. Results: Fourteen subjects completed all 6 vaccinations. 7 patients withdrew from study because of disease progression. No serious or grade 4 toxicity related to vaccine occurred. Eighteen of 24 subjects were evaluable for immunologic responses. 11/18 subjects (61%) developed a p369–377-specific CTL response. Immune responses did not appear to be related to treatment arm. Conclusions: The HER2 p369–377/PLG vaccine plus adjuvant is safe and elicits HER2-specific T cells in patients with HER2 positive cancers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Enabling technologies for 3D chip stacking (2008)

This paper presents several key technologies developed for high density 3D integration by circuit stacking, i.e. with an inter-strata connection pitch lower than 10μm. Direct bonding technology, die-to-wafer self-assembly, wafer thinning process and copper TSV process are discussed. 2μm to 5μm large copper TSV chains are presented with a TSV resistance <200mΩ. Substrate noise due to TSV is also considered by TCAD and SPICE simulations in order to define preliminary design rules.