gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chip to System Levels Thermal Needs and Alternative Thermal Technologies for High Brightness LEDS (2007)

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) historically have been used for indicators and produced low amounts of heat. The introduction of high brightness LEDs with white light and monochromatic colors has allowed them to penetrate specialty and general illumination applications. The increased electrical currents used to drive the LEDs have resulted in higher heat fluxes than those for average silicon integrated circuits (i.e., ICs). This has created a need to focus more attention on the thermal management engineering of LED power packages. The output of a typical commercial high brightness, 1mm2, LED has exceeded 100lm at drive levels approaching 3W. This corresponds to a heat flux of up to 300W∕cm2. Novel thermal solutions need to address system architectures, packaging, phosphors for light color conversion, and encapsulants and fillers for optical extraction. In this paper, the effect of thermal management on packaging architectures, phosphors, encapsulants, and system design are discussed. Additionally, discussions of microscopic defects due to packaging problems as well as chip active layer defects are presented through experimental and computational findings.
Probabilistic contour extraction with model-switching for vehicle localization (2004)

Over the past few years, global positioning systems (GPS) have been increasingly used in passenger and commercial vehicles for navigation and vehicle tracking purposes. In practice, GPS systems are prone to systematic errors and intermittent drop-outs that degrade the accuracy of the sensor. In this work, we describe an approach to localizing vehicles with respect to the road given erroneous sensor measurements using only aerial images. Our method works on both urban and rural areas, while being robust to a number of occlusions and shadows. The spatial tracker incorporates multiple measurement models with varying constraints, automatically detecting and switching to the appropriate model. We demonstrate our technique by correcting in real-time highly inaccurate GPS readings collected while driving in diverse areas.
Silencing DTX3L Inhibits the Progression of Cervical Carcinoma by Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway (2023)

Cervical carcinoma (CC) is the second most prevalent gynecologic cancer in females across the world. To obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of CC, high-resolution label-free mass spectrometry was performed on CC and adjacent normal tissues from eight patients. A total of 2631 proteins were identified, and 46 significant differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were found between CC and normal tissues (p < 0.01, fold change >10 or <0.1). Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that the majority of the proteins were involved in the regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K signaling and mTOR signaling. Among 46 DEPs, Integrinβ6 (ITGB6), PPP1CB, TMPO, PTGES3 (P23) and DTX3L were significantly upregulated, while Desmin (DES) was significantly downregulated in CC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. In in vivo and in vitro experiments, DTX3L knockdown suppressed CC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and xenograft tumorigenesis, and enhanced cell apoptosis. Combination of silencing DTX3L and cisplatin treatment induced higher apoptosis percentage compared to cisplatin treatment alone. Moreover, DTX3L silencing inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Thus, our results suggested DTX3L could regulate CC progression through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway and is potentially a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for CC.
Automated analysis and interpretation of long-term soundscape audio recordings. (2011)

Contemporary audio recording devices now provide the capability to obtain uninterrupted digital audio soundscape recordings lasting days, weeks, and months. While storage and transfer of sound file recordings of such extreme length is now possible, human listeners are generally unable to dedicate the time, effort, and cost required to review and interpret aurally all but a tiny fraction of such lengthy files. Instead, a variety of automated processing algorithms are under development to aid in the analysis and characterization of long-term soundscape studies and to present the analysis results to human listeners in an informative and perceptually meaningful manner. This paper reports on three methods for presenting long-term soundscape data: visual spectrographic display, event-based aural sampling, and time-compressed and/or time-lapse aural display.
HBT on LEO GaN (2002)

Dramatic progress in GaN electronics has led to increased interest in bipolar transistors. Although there have been reports of GaN bipolars from several groups, the development of the GaN bipolar transistor is still in its fundamental stages. In the case of GaN, the usual correlation between common base, Gummel, and common emitter characteristics does not exist due to significant collector-emitter leakage, leaving only the common emitter characteristic as a reliable measure of DC device performance. We identify the source of this leakage as threading dislocations and clarify the effect of this leakage on the transistor DC characteristics. Furthermore, we conclude from various growth structures and methods of device fabrication that the electron lifetime in the neutral base is currently the limiting factor in GaN NPN transistor performance. Typical GaN material has high threading dislocation densities, 10/sup 7/-10/sup 9/ cm/sup -2/, due to lattice mismatch with the substrate, typically sapphire or SiC. To study the effects of threading dislocations on GaN bipolar transistors, we have fabricated devices on material grown using the lateral epitaxial overgrowth technique, LEO. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of GaN bipolar transistors grown on nondislocated material. The LEO substrate allows us to compare devices grown on material with a negligible dislocation density with those grown on a standard template.
Development and validation of a HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous detection and quantification of paclitaxel and sulforaphane in lipid based self-microemulsifying formulation (2019)

Paclitaxel (PTX) and sulforaphane (SFN) are known anticancer molecules. Their activity was found to be potentiated when tested concurrently. Only recently, however, a novel SFN enabled PTX self-microemulsifying formulation (SMEDDS) was developed for their simultaneous delivery. This necessitated the development of an analytical method for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of PTX and SFN. In this study, a simple and sensitive isocratic high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) analytical method was developed and validated per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines to satisfy this objective. Its application was demonstrated when quantifying the amount of PTX and SFN released from the SMEDDS in various dissolution media. The separation of the analytes was performed with the aid of a reversed phase C18 column at ambient temperature using a 60:40 mixture of acetonitrile and KH2PO4 buffer (pH 5.0) as the mobile phase. PTX and SFN peaks were detected at 202 nm with high resolution without interference from excipients. This method showed linearity within 2.5-100 μg/mL range with r2 > 0.999. The limit of detection and lower limit of quantitation were 0.1638 and 0.4964 μg/mL for PTX and 0.4419 and 1.3389 μg/mL for SFN, respectively. A total of 98-101% of the injected samples was recovered with RSD of 0.06-0.68% indicating the suitability of the method for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of the molecules in dissolution media.
Measurement of radar cross section for passive UHF RFID tags (2007)

In this paper, we first describe the functionality of a passive UHF RFID system for which down link (tag to the reader) is based on amplitude shift keying (ASK). We show that modulating the load chip, will also modulate the radar cross section of the tag and so change the backscattered power. The research work is based on analytical formulation, simulation results and backscattering power measurement. Theoretical results are found to be in good agreement with simulation results and experimental data. (6 pages)
Hyperdiluted calcium hydroxylapatite for the treatment of skin laxity of the neck (2021)

Despite being a common concern, there are very few minimally invasive treatments targeting neck skin laxity (NSL) reported in the literature. To assess the efficacy of hyperdiluted calcium hydroxyapatite (hy-CaHA) for the treatment of NSL, according to the NSL scale, and to estimate safety. Twenty patients showing NSL were treated with hy-CaHA 1:2. To evaluate the efficacy of hy-CaHA treatment for NSL, pictures of treated subjects were collected before and 3 months after treatment and graded according to the NSL scale, and T-student's test was applied to estimate differences. Hy-CaHA for the neck was effective according to the previously unreported NSL scale (p < 0.001) and safe. There were no major adverse events reported. This study supports the efficacy (according to the NSL scale) and safety of hy-CaHA (1:2) for NSL. Our results also highlight the utility of the newly developed NSL scale, being a useful tool to evaluate the level of NSL before treatment and to measure the outcome.
The evidence and the rationale for the use of honey as a wound dressing (2011)

Although there are now several brands and types of honey wound-care products available as registered medical devices, there is little promotional advertising of honey products for wound care. The misconception that there is no evidence to support the use of honey, which seems to be quite common, may be due to this lack of advertising, and to the systematic reviews that have been published on honey concluding that the evidence is of low quality and/or there is a need for more evidence. However, the same lack of high-quality evidence exists with all the other options that clinicians have for dressing wounds. This places practitioners in a quandary. When clinical evidence of the highest level is not available, then decisions on modes of treatment need to be based on whatever evidence there is available. This review outlines the 16 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of honey in wound care published since Molan reviewed the previous 17 in 2006, which bring the total of participants in the trials up from 1,965 to 3,556 and broadens the range of types of wounds on which trials with honey have been conducted. Another important factor influencing the choice by clinicians of which product to use on a wound is scientific rationale. This review covers the evidence and explanation of mode of action for various bioactivities in honey which aid wound healing: a very broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that is effective on antibiotic-resistant strains; activation of autolytic debridement; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; stimulation of growth of cells for tissue repair; and an osmotic action. The need for standardisation of these bioactivities is discussed.
Introduction (2009)

Sex and technology have connections that are taken for granted and surprising. Many of us have become accustomed to dealing with spam email promoting products such as Viagra. Much of this email traffic is unseen as our email servers channel it away from our inboxes. But occasionally something slips through to remind us of the seemingly enormous and definitely relentless sexual potential of the internet. Late night television carries advertisements for e-dating websites and mobile phone based pornography, suggesting the existence of a niche market of sexually-interested insomniacs. After drugs such as Viagra and the internet, it is possible to regard the connections between sex and technology as obvious and perhaps everyday. But it is worth reflecting on how it is to live with sexual practices that are sustained, extended and reconfigured through various bio- and communication technologies. The new forms of sexuopharmacy, such as Viagra, have become extremely profitable (Tiefer, 2006). These products are said to be altering how the sexual body, experience, and pleasure are understood. http://www.Match.com (accessed 10 August 2008), an e-dating website catering to opposite and same sex attracted men and women, is said to claim nine million subscribers (Arvidsson, 2006).
Image registration using subpixel-shifted images for super-resolution (2008)

A novel image registration algorithm for super-resolution is proposed. The quality of reconstructed images becomes poor when the arrangement of the registered positions is irregular. However, there are no known ways to acquire the positions arranged regularly without using active cameras. By using a conventional algorithm, the positions registered with subpixel accuracy are often distributed near integer values in the low-resolution grid when the aperture problem occurs, for example, in the case of processing straight edges. Since this phenomenon causes an irregular arrangement, the high-resolution images are reconstructed inefficiently. The proposed method estimates corresponding positions on the shifted image whose image grid is shifted by a desired subpixel displacement. By using the proposed method, the distribution of the corresponding positions is shifted artificially so that the quality of the reconstructed image is improved. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in experiments.
Abstract P263: Renal Proximal Tubule Cells from Inverse Salt Sensitive Individuals Have Lower Basal but Higher Sodium Stimulated ENaC Compared to Salt Resistant Individuals (2018)

Our previous studies on salt sensitivity has demonstrated that approximately 11% of study participants had a paradoxical increase in blood pressure (BP) (greater than 7-mm Hg) on a low NaCl diet and an increased basal renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) Na + transport, which we define as inverse salt sensitivity (ISS). We hypothesized that the amiloride blockable Na + channel (ENaC) could be involved in ISS, particularly in the RPTC where up to 75% of renal nephron Na + reabsorption occurs. Previous investigators have localized αENaC in the distal nephron; however, we found αENaC is also present in the human RPTCs, as confirmed by tissue and cellular immunostaining, RT-PCR, and western blot with two selective αENaC antibodies. The presence of αENaC in human kidney tissue was confirmed by the Human Protein Atlas. Urine derived RPTCs from 3 ISS and 3 salt resistance (SR) clinical study participants were treated overnight with normal salt and high salt (140mM Na + and 170mM Na + respectively). High salt increased αENaC expression to a greater extent in ISS versus SR cells; however, ISS cells have significantly less αENaC at basal level (αENaC/actin: SR 1.41±0.248 VS ISS 0.592±0.157, n=3, P&lt;0.05). Patch clamp ramp currents were recorded using a voltage ramp from -100 to +45 mV within 200 ms (N≥5 for each cell line). Na + current was measured at both 140 and 170 mM Na + with and without Bensamil (ENaC antagonist) and expressed as a ratio of current (170 mM/ 140 mM Na + ). Bensamil blocked ENaC activity in ISS cells, but not in SR cells (Bensamil ratio/primary ratio: SR 1.149±0.026 VS ISS 0.818±0.017, n=3, t-test, P&lt;0.001; final ratio/primary ratio: SR 1.088±0.022 VS 0.705±0.1, n=3, t-test, P&lt;0.05). αENaC knockdown using siRNA significantly decreased Na + current in ISS cells (0.763±0.029, n=3, t-test, P&lt;0.05) but not in SR cells (1.046±0.097, n=3, t-test, P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, RPTC from ISS study participant urine demonstrated increased Bensamil Na + current compared to SR RPTC when exposed to increased sodium. This data could provide a novel functional assay for the diagnosis of ISS in the clinical setting and allow for an appropriate personalized medical intervention.
A Tungsten-Based Nanolaminated Ternary Carbide: (W,Ti)4C4–x (2019)

Nanolamellar transition metal carbides are gaining increasing interests because of the recent developments of their two-dimensional (2D) derivatives and promising performance for a variety of applications from energy storage, catalysis to transparent conductive coatings, and medicine. To develop more novel 2D materials, new nanolaminated structures are needed. Here we report on a tungsten-based nanolaminated ternary phase, (W,Ti)4C4–x, synthesized by an Al-catalyzed reaction of W, Ti, and C powders at 1600 °C for 4 h, under flowing argon. X-ray and neutron diffraction, along with Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy, were used to determine the atomic structure, ordering, and occupancies. This phase has a layered hexagonal structure (P63/mmc) with lattice parameters, a = 3.00880(7) Å, and c = 19.5633(6) Å and a nominal chemistry of (W,Ti)4C4–x (actual chemistry, W2.1(1)Ti1.6(1)C2.6(1)). The structure is comprised of layers of pure W that are also twin planes with two adjacent atomic layers of mixed W and Ti, on either side. The use of Al as a catalyst for synthesizing otherwise difficult to make phases, could in turn lead to the discovery of a large family of nonstoichiometric ternary transition metal carbides, synthesized at relatively low temperatures and shorter times.
Visualizing tags over time (2006)

We consider the problem of visualizing the evolution of tags within the Flickr (flickr.com) online image sharing community. Any user of the Flickr service may append a tag to any photo in the system. Over the past year, users have on average added over a million tags each week. Understanding the evolution of these tags over time is therefore a challenging task. We present a new approach based on a characterization of the most interesting tags associated with a sliding interval of time. An animation provided via Flash in a web browser allows the user to observe and interact with the interesting tags as they evolve over time.New algorithms and data structures are required to support the efficient generation of this visualization. We combine a novel solution to an interval covering problem with extensions to previous work on score aggregation in order to create an efficient backend system capable of producing visualizations at arbitrary scales on this large dataset in real time.
New layered vanadium oxides MyH1 − yV3O8·nH2O (M = Li, Na, K) obtained by oxidation of the precursor H2V3O8 (2000)

New layered vanadium oxides were prepared at room temperature via either electrochemical or chemical topotactic oxidation in aqueous media of the layered, solid precursor H2V3O8. Their formula MyH1 − yV3O8·nH2O (M = Li, Na, K) shows the oxidation of vanadium to occur with the removal of one hydrogen atom and with a partial exchange of the remaining proton. A structural study by powder X-ray diffraction, including a Rietveld analysis, clearly indicated that the structure of the anionic covalent layers, V3O8, are preserved in going from H2V3O8 to MyH1 − yV3O8·nH2O. In the latter compounds, all the water molecules occupy the interlayer space along with the M+ ions.
Microwave analog optical links using suboctave linearized modulators (1996)

We report experimental links at frequencies up to 4 GHz which use two integrated optical Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulators in series to reduce third-order intermodulation distortion. This design improves the intermodulation-free dynamic range (up to 88 dB with 1 MHz noise bandwidth is demonstrated) with no noise figure penalty relative to a link using a standard modulator. Detector current is low (<2 mA), which is necessary for the detector to provide adequate linearity.
Direct Measurement of Sub-100 Nanometer Light Confinement in Dielectric Photonic Structures (2007)

We directly measure the field confined in an 85 nm gap in a silicon slotted waveguide using a nanoscale probe to locally perturb the phase velocity of the light. We detect this perturbation interferometrically on-chip.
Locking Plates for Extremity Fractures (2009)

Thirty-three peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria for the Overview. Criteria were framed by three key questions regarding indications for the use of locking plates, their effectiveness in comparison with traditional nonlocking plates, and their cost-effectiveness. The studies were divided into seven applications: distal radius, proximal humerus, distal femur, periprosthetic femur, tibial plateau (AO/OTA type C), proximal tibia (AO/OTA type A or C), and distal tibia. Patient enrollment criteria were recorded to determine indications for use of locking plates, but the published studies do not consistently report the same enrollment criteria. Regarding effectiveness, there were no statistically significant differences between locking plates and nonlocking plates for patient-oriented outcomes, adverse events, or complications. The literature search did not identify any peer-reviewed studies that address the cost-effectiveness or cost-utility of locking plates.
The evolutionarily conserved Dim1 protein defines a novel branch of the thioredoxin fold superfamily (1999)

Dim1 is a small evolutionarily conserved protein essential for G2/M transition that has recently been implicated as a component of the mRNA splicing machinery. To date, the mechanism of Dim1 function remains poorly defined, in part because of the absence of informative sequence homologies between Dim1 and other functionally defined proteins or protein domains. We have used a combination of molecular modeling and NMR structural analysis to demonstrate that approximately 125 of the 142 amino acids of human Dim1 (hDim1) define a novel branch of the thioredoxin fold superfamily. Mutational analysis of Dim1 based on the predicted fold indicates that alterations in the region corresponding to the thioredoxin active site do not affect Dim1 activity. However, removal of a very short carboxy-terminal extension generates a dominant negative form of the protein [hDim1-(1-128)] that when overproduced induces cell cycle arrest in G2, via a mechanism likely to involve alteration of Dim1 association with partner molecules. In sum, this study identifies the Dim1 proteins as a novel sixth branch of the thioredoxin superfamily involved in cell cycle.
Sucrose Octanoate Toxicity to Brown Citrus Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the parasitoid <I>Lysiphlebus testaceipes</I> (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (2004)

We report the toxicological effects of a new biorational, synthetic sucrose octanoate (AVA Chemical Ventures L.L.C., Portsmouth, NH), on brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), nymphs and adults and to its native parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). Sucrose octanoate topically applied was equally toxic to brown citrus aphid adults and nymphs with LC50 and LC90 values ranging from 356 to 514 and 1029 to 1420 ppm, respectively. Mortalities of both stages did not differ significantly over time during the 3-24-h sampling period. Dry residues of sucrose octanoate exhibited similar levels of toxicity to both nymphs and adults. Mortality ranged from 60 to 70% at 6,000 ppm 4 h after exposure. L. testaceipes was not harmed by treatments as high as 4,000 ppm of sucrose octanoate as long as the parasitoid had mummified before treatment. Based on these results, sucrose octanoate would be a useful biorational in citrus integrated pest management programs.