gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P‐166: Successive Cross Emission Driving for 3‐Dimensional Active‐Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays (2011)

Abstract We propose a pixel structure and its driving scheme for stereoscopic 3‐dimensional (3D) active‐matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The proposed pixel structure and its driving scheme have merits that are longer emission and programming time than simultaneous emission scheme by successive cross emission of left and right images. Moreover, it can reduce flicker by reducing interval between emission times. For 3D AMOLED displays of 40‐inch full high definition TV (1920×1080), the emission current error rate of the proposed pixel structure is from −0.961% to 1.013% when the threshold voltage variation of driving TFT varies from −0.8 V to 0.8 V, and that the error is less than 2% when the V DD ‐IR drop voltage becomes 2.0 V.
In Situ Measurement of Wire-Bond Strain in Electrically Active Power Semiconductors (2013)

Thermal-mechanical displacement/strain in power semiconductor devices is investigated using electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI). Validated models for thermal-mechanical strain are key to improving the reliability of power electronics modules. ESPI is a noncontact optical technique capable of providing surface displacement measurements with submicrometer resolution. The significant contribution of this paper is an experimental methodology by which wire-bond displacement/strain can be measured in an active device. Simultaneous in-plane and out-of-plane measurements are combined to accurately measure the displacement field across the wire-bond interface, while decoupling thermal-mechanical deformation not related to wire-bond strain (such as base plate thermal expansion). Experimental results verify the electrical-loss-driven thermal-mechanical displacement/strain in an electrically active discrete insulated gate bipolar transistor switching at 5 kHz.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE STATIC QUADRUPOLE MOMENT OF THE FIRST EXCITED 2$sup +$ STATES OF THE NUCLEI $sup 106$Pd AND $sup 110$Pd BY HEAVY ION COULOMB EXCITATION. (1970)

experiment of higher state interference due to Coulomb excitation of the first 2/sup +/ state via the second 2/sup +/ state. For positive higher state interference the extracted quadrupole moments of the first 2/sup +/ states are Q/sub 2+/ = --0.43 plus or minus 0.08 B, --0.49 plus or minus 0.08 b and --0.08 plus or minus 0.08 b for /sup 1 22/Te /sup 124/Te and /sup 130/Te respectively. These results and other measurements of Q/sub 2+/ for the doubly even Te isotopes are used to discuss the model dependent calculations of Q/sub 2+/. (auth)
Profile Development in Drawn Hollow Tubes (1986)

Profile development in isothermal drawing of hollow tubes is studied using finite-element and asymptotic analyses. The transition from die flow to extensional flow of an annulus occurs over a distance comparable to the annular thickness. Considerable extrudate swell can occur with the flow rearrangement, and the final radio of inner to outer radius can fall below that at the die despite an increase in this ratio over the entire draw zone. Asymptotic ''thin-filament'' equations describe the flow beyond the region of flow rearrangement.
Convenient Synthesis ofbis-Bipyridines andbis-Terpyridines Bridged by Phenyl and Biphenyl Tethers (1994)

Abstract A simple three step preparation of phenyl bridged bis-2,2′-bipyridine and bis-2,2′:6′,2”-terpyridine from readily available reagents is described. The compounds have the potential to serve as rigid bridging ligands for the preparation of redox and photoactive supramolecular complexes of transition metals.
Research data supporting "High-mobility, trap-free charge transport in conjugated polymer diodes" (2021)

Origin project including all source data used for Figures 1 to 5.The Project is structured in sub-folders, with one folder dedicated to a specfic Figure of the paper. Folder 1 includes SCLC diode characteristics measured for DPP-BTz SCLC diodes with and without additives. Folder 2 includes low-temperature measurements of diodes, extracted activation energies as well as dn/DE values extracted by SCLC-spectroscopy. Folder 3 includes measured diode characteristics of IDT-BT, MEH:PPV and DPP-DTT SCLC diodes, corresponding dn/dE values and PDS spectroscopy data for these materials. The last Folder includes stability measuremtns of DPP-BTz diodes showing the evolution over 10k IV-characteristics. Any additional data from the paper (such as thoese shown in the SI or GIWAXs data) is available on request.&#13;\nFormat
Imaging with flat optics: metalenses or diffractive lenses? (2019)

Recently, there has been an explosion of interest in metalenses for imaging. The interest is primarily based on their sub-wavelength thicknesses. Diffractive lenses have been used as thin lenses since the late 19th century. Here, we show that multi-level diffractive lenses (MDLs), when designed properly can exceed the performance of metalenses. Furthermore, MDLs can be designed and fabricated with larger constituent features, making them accessible to low-cost, large area volume manufacturing, which is generally challenging for metalenses. The support substrate will dominate overall thickness for all flat optics. Therefore the advantage of a slight decrease in thickness (from ~2λ to ~λ/2) afforded by metalenses may not be useful. We further elaborate on the differences between these approaches and clarify that metalenses have unique advantages when manipulating the polarization states of light.
Dependence of performance of saturated in-line erbium-doped-fiber amplifiers on pump wavelength around 1480 nm (1993)

Saturated erbium-doped-fiber amplifiers (EDFA’s) are expected to replace optoelectronic repeaters in future long-haul transmission systems. Such in-line amplifiers will, at least in early systems, be pumped at around 1480 nm because of the availability of reliable pump diodes. These EDFA’s will be operated in saturation, both to obtain adequate output power and to assure system robustness. Since 1480-nm diodes are characterized by wide emission spectra (&gt;10 nm), device-to-device variation in center wavelength, and spectral shifts with aging, it is important to determine the effect of pump wavelength on the performance of saturated EDFA’s.
Induction of a colitogenic phenotype in Th1 cells depends on IL-23R signaling (2021)

Summary The cytokine receptor IL-23R plays a fundamental role in inflammation and autoimmunity. However, several observations have been difficult to reconcile under the assumption that only Th17 cells critically depend on IL-23 to acquire a pathogenic phenotype. Here, we report that Th1 cells differentiated in vitro with IL-12 + IL-21 show similar levels of IL-23R expression as in pathogenic Th17 cells. We demonstrate that IL-23R is required for Th1 cells to acquire a highly colitogenic phenotype. scRNAseq analysis of intestinal T cells enabled us to identify novel regulators induced by IL-23R-signaling in Th1 cells which differed from those expressed in Th17 cells. The perturbation of one of these regulators (CD160) in Th1 cells inhibited induction of colitis. In this process, we were able to uncouple IL-23R as a purely Th17 cell-specific factor and implicate IL-23R signaling as a pathogenic driver of Th1 cell-mediated tissue inflammation and disease.
Myc controls a distinct transcriptional program in fetal thymic epithelial cells that determines thymus growth (2019)

Interactions between thymic epithelial cells (TEC) and developing thymocytes are essential for T cell development, but molecular insights on TEC and thymus homeostasis are still lacking. Here we identify distinct transcriptional programs of TEC that account for their age-specific properties, including proliferation rates, engraftability and function. Further analyses identify Myc as a regulator of fetal thymus development to support the rapid increase of thymus size during fetal life. Enforced Myc expression in TEC induces the prolonged maintenance of a fetal-specific transcriptional program, which in turn extends the growth phase of the thymus and enhances thymic output; meanwhile, inducible expression of Myc in adult TEC similarly promotes thymic growth. Mechanistically, this Myc function is associated with enhanced ribosomal biogenesis in TEC. Our study thus identifies age-specific transcriptional programs in TEC, and establishes that Myc controls thymus size.
36.4L: Late‐News Paper : 4.0‐in. TFT‐OLED Displays and a Novel Digital Driving Method (2000)

Abstract We propose a novel type of digital driving manner of TFT‐OLED display by time‐ratio gray‐scale (TRG) expression. The advantage of this is remarkable especially in large, color, or high‐resolution TFT‐OLED displays. A 4.0‐in. TFT‐OLED monochrome display employing this sophisticated digital driving method is demonstrated.
Lost in Translation—Basic Science in the Era of Translational Research (2009)

ABSTRACT The concept of translational research, which aims to facilitate the application of basic scientific discoveries in clinical and community settings, is currently in vogue. While there are powerful forces driving this trend, support for translational research must be accompanied by a robust investment in basic science, which provides the essential raw material for translation and continues to represent humanity's best hope to meet a wide range of public health challenges.
Synthesis of Enantiopure Substituted Piperidines via an Aziridinium Ring Expansion (2011)

Herein we report a novel methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of 3-substituted piperidines from readily available chiral building blocks. This method, which features a novel irreversible dihydropyrole-tetrahydropyridine ring expansion, allows the introduction of a large variety of substituents at the 3-position and permits substitution at the 2- and 6-position giving mono-, di-, or trisubstituted piperidines with high diastereocontrol.
Plasma Cytokines, Cytokine Antagonists, and Disease Progression in African Women Infected with HIV-1 (1996)

High circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta and TNF-alpha, combined with an excess of their natural inhibitors interleukin-1Ra and TNF-sRp55, were seen in clinically asymptomatic HIV-1-positive African women but not in African women with AIDS or in HIV-negative controls. Circulating cytokine antagonists may play a clinical role in modulating cytokine-associated symptoms in the early phases of HIV infection.
Fiber-integrated concept to electrically tune pulsed fiber lasers based on step-chirped fiber Bragg grating arrays (2015)

We present a novel method to discretely tune the emission wavelength of pulsed fiber-integrated lasers. As spectral filter, a step-chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array is employed combining a monolithic structure with an unrivaled design freedom enabling large tuning bandwidths as well as tailored spectral characteristics towards fingerprint tuning features. Together with an electrical control mechanism ensuring programmable operation, this tuning method promotes fiber-integrated lasers to access new fields of applications e.g. in biophotonics and distributed sensing. The potential of this tuning concept is investigated based on an Ytterbium-doped fiber laser. The system shows superb emission properties including excellent wavelength stability, high spectral signal contrast (up to 50dB) and narrow linewidth (15GHz) as well as adjustable pulse durations in the nanosecond range with peak powers up to 100W. Additionally, the unique spectral potential of this method is demonstrated by realizing filter designs enabling e.g. a record tuning range of 74nm for fiber-integrated lasers.
Magnetic means for the determination of torsional yield strength (2004)

In this paper, the yield strength of steels and other materials is typically limited to values determined from uniaxial tension tests. The torsional yield strength, required for the rational design of shafts is generally assumed to be 0.5-0.6 of the tensile value, based on one or another of the several theories of plasticity.
Solution Processed Red Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Green Phosphorescent Ir Sensitizer (2011)

We fabricated the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with sensitizer by solution process. The addition of sensitizer into the emission layer improved the device efficiency. 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP), bis(2-phenylquinoline)iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) [Ir(pq)2(acac)], tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3] were used as host, red emitting dopant, and sensitizer, respectively. The sensitizer leads to the cascade energy transfer from the host into the red emitting dopant. The doping concentration of sensitizer was varied as 0∼20 wt% and optimized. As a result, the device with 5% Ir(ppy)3 shows the luminous efficiency, power efficiency, and quantum efficiency of 5.1 cd/A, 4.0 lm/W, and 3.0%, respectively. These efficiencies are about 3 times as high as that of device without sensitizer.
Precursor fractions of neurotensin and enkephalin might point to molecular mechanisms of cancer risk modulation during a lifestyle-intervention in germline BRCA1/2 gene mutation carriers (2021)

Our results give first indications for lifestyle-related modification particularly of pro-NT in gBMC.
Potential Distribution Measurement of Under-film Corrosion by Scanning Kelvin Probe (1998)

In this paper the filiform corrosion of painted steel substrates was analyzed with a scanning Kelvin probe. The substrates were painted with clear acryl paint, and the dry film thickness was 5μm. In order to induce filiform corrosion, knife scribed specimens were set in a corrosive environment. (5%NaCl solution spray and 40°C 80%RH) By using the scanning Kelvin probe, a potential on the head of filiform corrosion was detected as less noble which showed anodic site. It is possible, with this technique, to measure the under-film corrosion.
Biofilm‐Inspired Encapsulation of Probiotics for the Treatment of Complex Infections (2018)

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance poses a major challenge to healthcare. Probiotics offer a potential alternative treatment method but are often incompatible with antibiotics themselves, diminishing their overall therapeutic utility. This work uses biofilm-inspired encapsulation of probiotics to confer temporary antibiotic protection and to enable the coadministration of probiotics and antibiotics. Probiotics are encapsulated within alginate, a crucial component of pseudomonas biofilms, based on a simple two-step alginate cross-linking procedure. Following exposure to the antibiotic tobramycin, the growth and metabolic activity of encapsulated probiotics are unaffected by tobramycin, and they show a four-log survival advantage over free probiotics. This results from tobramycin sequestration on the periphery of alginate beads which prevents its diffusion into the core but yet allows probiotic byproducts to diffuse outward. It is demonstrated that this approach using tobramycin combined with encapsulated probiotic has the ability to completely eradicate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in coculture, the two most widely implicated bacteria in chronic wounds.
Ni-W-B and Ni-W-B-Nanodiamond Metal Matrix Nanocomposite Protective Coatings (2017)

Abstract Protective coatings in the oil and gas industry play an important role in the reduction of maintenance and repair costs for equipment and tools. In this paper, we introduce electroplating of Ni-W-B and Ni-W-B-nanodiamond metal matrix nanocomposite protective coatings as an alternative to hard chrome coatings. Hardness and corrosion resistance of electroplated nanocomposite coatings are reported here and discussed in light of process parameters such as current density, boron addition and diamond nanoparticles. A novel boron source that enables greater incorporation of B in the coating was used. The synergistic effect of W, B and nanodiamond towards mechanical and corrosion resistance properties are discussed.
Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> and SiC/SiO<sub>2</sub> Interfaces for MOSFETs – Challenges and Advances (2006)

Silicon has been the semiconductor of choice for microelectronics largely because of the unique properties of its native oxide (SiO2) and the Si/SiO2 interface. For high-temperature and/or high-power applications, however, one needs a semiconductor with a wider energy gap and higher thermal conductivity. Silicon carbide has the right properties and the same native oxide as Si. However, in the late 1990’s it was found that the SiC/SiO2 interface had high interface trap densities, resulting in poor electron mobilities. Annealing in hydrogen, which is key to the quality of Si/SiO2 interfaces, proved ineffective. This paper presents a synthesis of theoretical and experimental work by the authors in the last six years and parallel work in the literature. High-quality SiC/SiO2 interfaces were achieved by annealing in NO gas and monatomic H. The key elements that lead to highquality Si/SiO2 interfaces and low-quality SiC/SiO2 interfaces are identified and the role of N and H treatments is described. More specifically, optimal Si and SiC surfaces for oxidation are identified and the atomic-scale processes of oxidation and resulting interface defects are described. In the case of SiC, we conclude that excess carbon at the SiC/SiO2 interface leads to a bonded Si-C-O interlayer with a mix of fourfold- and threefold-coordinated C and Si atoms. The threefold coordinated atoms are responsible for the high interface trap density and can be eliminated either by H-passivation or replacement by N. Residual Si-Si bonds, which are partially passivated by H and N remain the main limitation. Perspectives for the future for both Si- and SiC-based MOSFETs are discussed.
Hemodialysis - From Basic Research to Clinical Trials (2008)

The field of hemodialysis is subject to constant transformations due to continuous advances in techniques, biomaterials and devices. Based on international surveys, objective evaluations of experts and recent clinical trials, the publication at hand pays special attention to the physiological aspects of treatments as well as practical questions in
Correlation of EEG spectral entropy with regional cerebral blood flow during sevoflurane and propofol anaesthesia* (2005)

ENTROPY index monitoring, based on spectral entropy of the electroencephalogram, is a promising new method to measure the depth of anaesthesia. We examined the association between spectral entropy and regional cerebral blood flow in healthy subjects anaesthetised with 2%, 3% and 4% end-expiratory concentrations of sevoflurane and 7.6, 12.5 and 19.0 microg.ml(-1) plasma drug concentrations of propofol. Spectral entropy from the frequency band 0.8-32 Hz was calculated and cerebral blood flow assessed using positron emission tomography and [(15)O]-labelled water at baseline and at each anaesthesia level. Both drugs induced significant reductions in spectral entropy and cortical and global cerebral blood flow. Midfrontal-central spectral entropy was associated with individual frontal and whole brain blood flow values across all conditions, suggesting that this novel measure of anaesthetic depth can depict global changes in neuronal activity induced by the drugs. The cortical areas of the most significant associations were remarkably similar for both drugs.
Effects of Prepolymerized Particle Size and Polymerization Kinetics on Volumetric Shrinkage of Dental Modeling Resins (2014)

Dental modeling resins have been developed for use in areas where highly precise resin structures are needed. The manufacturers claim that these polymethyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate (PMMA/MMA) resins show little or no shrinkage after polymerization. This study examined the polymerization shrinkage of five dental modeling resins as well as one temporary PMMA/MMA resin (control). The morphology and the particle size of the prepolymerized PMMA powders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction particle size analysis, respectively. Linear polymerization shrinkage strains of the resins were monitored for 20 minutes using a custom-made linometer, and the final values (at 20 minutes) were converted into volumetric shrinkages. The final volumetric shrinkage values for the modeling resins were statistically similar (P > 0.05) or significantly larger (P < 0.05) than that of the control resin and were related to the polymerization kinetics (P < 0.05) rather than the PMMA bead size (P = 0.335). Therefore, the optimal control of the polymerization kinetics seems to be more important for producing high-precision resin structures rather than the use of dental modeling resins.
Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine Research and Development: The Past, Present and Future, Including Novel Therapeutic Strategies (2021)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is one of the most important human pathogens worldwide. Its high antibiotic resistance profile reinforces the need for new interventions like vaccines in addition to new antibiotics. Vaccine development efforts against <i>S. aureus</i> have failed so far however, the findings from these human clinical and non-clinical studies provide potential insight for such failures. Currently, research is focusing on identifying novel vaccine formulations able to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses. Translational science studies are attempting to discover correlates of protection using animal models as well as <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> models assessing efficacy of vaccine candidates. Several new vaccine candidates are being tested in human clinical trials in a variety of target populations. In addition to vaccines, bacteriophages, monoclonal antibodies, centyrins and new classes of antibiotics are being developed. Some of these have been tested in humans with encouraging results. The complexity of the diseases and the range of the target populations affected by this pathogen will require a multipronged approach using different interventions, which will be discussed in this review.
New techniques for subterranean termite control. (2011)

Subterranean termites are important pests in the U.S. and many parts of the world. Most products available for subterranean termite control are registered in Florida and currently there are 76 products. Most are either repellent or non-repellent soil treatment products. In recent years the number of products has increased from 8 to 76 mostly as a result of patents expiring. Two off-patent products, bifenthrin and imidacloprid, are now available in 49 different products. Forty-three percent of termiticide products are from primary manufacturers, and the rest are from off-patent producers. Termiticides have become “greener” with US EPA giving reduced-risk status to 6 termiticide products, 4 of which are baits. In 2010 the first soil termiticide, chlorantraniliprole, was given reduced-risk status.