gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF SURGICAL TREATMENTS FOR CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION; RON VS. CANNULATION OF TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INTO THE RETINAL VEIN (2009)

There was no significant difference in surgical outcomes between the two procedures. Although best-corrected visual acuity and macular edema improved, the incidence of neovascular glaucoma was high. It is, therefore, still uncertain whether these treatments are effective.
Reliability of Surface MEMS Structures Fabricated Using Standard CMOS Back-End-Of-Line Processes (2007)

Reliability of surface MEMS fabricated with standard CMOS back-end-of-line (BEOL) processes was investigated by several film analyses and by monitoring change in MEMS properties after standard pressure cooker test (PCT). A significant change in MEMS characteristics was observed after PCT for samples with SiN passivation layer thinner than 100nm, while for passivation layer thicker than 150nm, no change was observed. A large shift in film stress after PCT and results from TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) and XRR (X-ray reflectometry) suggested that this is due to water release from SiO2 film used in the structure.
Superparamagnetic Fe clusters in Ag matrix produced by sputter-gas aggregation (1995)

Experiments to generate a thin composite Fe-Ag film employing a sputter-gas-aggregation process are described. The magnetic properties are studied at low temperatures. In addition, the morphology is determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and the structure by using x-ray diffraction and XAFS. Small clusters of about 11 Å in diameter are highly dispersed in an Ag matrix. They show the characteristics of interacting superparamagnets.
Graph Signal Sampling Under Stochastic Priors (2022)

We propose a generalized sampling framework for stochastic graph signals. Stochastic graph signals are characterized by graph wide sense stationarity (GWSS) which is an extension of wide sense stationarity (WSS) for standard time-domain signals. In this paper, graph signals are assumed to satisfy the GWSS conditions and we study their sampling as well as recovery procedures. In generalized sampling, a correction filter is inserted between sampling and reconstruction operators to compensate for non-ideal measurements. We propose a design method for the correction filters to reduce the mean-squared error (MSE) between original and reconstructed graph signals. We derive the correction filters for two cases: The reconstruction filter is arbitrarily chosen or predefined. The proposed framework allows for arbitrary sampling methods, i.e., sampling in the vertex or graph frequency domain. We also show that the graph spectral response of the resulting correction filter parallels that for generalized sampling for WSS signals if sampling is performed in the graph frequency domain. Furthermore, we reveal the theoretical connection between the proposed and existing correction filters. The effectiveness of our approach is validated via experiments by comparing its MSE with existing approaches.
Dynamic geo-referenced scanning of aerial lidar systems (2022)

Aerial lidar systems tend to have narrow instantaneous fields of view, with imagers ranging from a single pixel to many tens of thousands of pixels. To collect data over a large area, the narrow lidar field of view (FoV) must be scanned. We present a unique method of scanning a lidar FoV that provides significant flexibility and allows uniform ground coverage, concentrating the system capability only in areas of interest. This method uses a queue of convex polygons, specified in world coordinates. Pre-collection planning tools establish the polygon layout. In flight, the lidar system adaptively collects those polygons that are inside the sensor field of regard, rapidly switching among the polygons as the aircraft flies. This scanning method enables the lidar to accomplish repeated collections of a single target or collections that cover a long straight or meandering path. It also enables collection of corridors with irregular widths, such as power line corridors with bulges at municipal power sub-stations or rail or roadway intersections. In the case of mixed scene types, the system can concentrate more collection time on foliated regions relative to unfoliated regions. Angular diversity can be achieved by sequentially revisiting a single target polygon. Live target tasking is accomplished by adding new targets to the target queue without stopping an ongoing collection. We present scanning simulations and example lidar data collected in flight with this scanning strategy and show some examples of sampling uniformity under the finite bandwidth and acceleration of a real scanning system.
Analysis of the equine ovarian structure during the first twelve months of life by three-dimensional internal structure microscopy (2015)

A three-dimensional internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) can clarify the anatomical arrangement of internal structures of equine ovaries. In this study, morphological changes of the equine ovary over the first 12 months of life were investigated by 3D-ISM in 59 fillies and by histological analysis in 2 fillies. The weight and volume of the paired ovaries initially decreased from 0 to 1 months to 2 to 3 months of age and then significantly increased at 8 to 12 months of age. The ovulation fossa was first observed around the 3rd month and became evident after the 6th month. The number of follicles with a diameter of ≥10 mm and the diameter of the largest follicle increased gradually after 6 months of age. On a volume basis, the medulla accounted for nearly 90% of the whole ovary at 0 to 1 months of age, but significantly decreased from 2 to 3 months of age. The volume of the cortex increased progressively after birth and reached approximately 60% of the total volume at 8 to 12 months of age. This significant development of the cortex coincided with the increased number and size of large follicles observed from 6 months of age. These results suggest that the development of the cortex plays a role in the maturation of the follicles and the equine ovary undergoes substantial morphological changes postnatally until puberty.
Experimental demonstration of soliton data transmission over unlimited distances with soliton control in time and frequency domains (1993)

A one million km soliton transmission was achieved in 1991 through the use of soliton controls in the time and frequency domains [1]. Synchronous modulation enables us to retime the soliton pulse position which experiences jitter as a result of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise (Gordon-Haus Jitter [2]). It is also possible to remove the interaction forces which inevitably occur between closely adjacent solitons. It has been proven theoretically that soliton data transmission over unlimited distances is possible with this technique since periodic synchronous modulation can reduce the ASE noise to a significantly low level [3].
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Various 5-Substituted 2′-Deoxyuridines and -Cytidines (1992)

Abstract 5-Cyclopropyl-2′-deoxycytidine and some 5-aryl-2′-deoxyuridines and -cytidines have been prepared and their inhibition of HIV have been tested.
Effect of Gap Size on Tip Leakage Cavitation Inception, Associated Noise and Flow Structure (2002)

This paper focuses on the onset of tip-leakage cavitation on a fixed hydrofoil. The objectives are to investigate the effect of gap size on the flow structure, conditions of cavitation inception, the associated bubble dynamics and cavitation noise. The same hydrofoil with three tip gap sizes of 12%, 28%, and 52% of the maximum tip thickness are studied. Controlled cavitation tests are performed after de-aerating the water in the tunnel and using electrolysis to generate cavitation nuclei. The experiments consist of simultaneously detecting cavitation inception using a 2000 fps digital camera (visual) and two accelerometers (“acoustic”) mounted on the test section windows. Good agreement between these methods is achieved when the visual observations are performed carefully. To obtain the time-dependent noise spectra, portions of the signal containing cavitation noise are analyzed using Hilbert-Huang transforms. Rates of cavitation events as a function of the cavitation index (σ) for the three gap sizes are also measured. The cavitation inception index decreases with increasing gap sizes. The experiments demonstrate that high-amplitude noise spikes are generated when the bubbles are distorted and “shredded”—broken to several bubbles following their growth in the vortex core. Mere changes to bubble size and shape caused significantly lower noise. High-resolution particle image velocimetry (PIV) with a vector spacing of 180 μm is used to measure the flow, especially to capture the slender tip vortices where cavitation inception is observed. The instantaneous realizations are analyzed to obtain probability density functions of the circulation of the leakage vortex. The circulation decreases with increasing gap sizes and minimum pressure coefficients in the cores of these vortices are estimated using a Rankine model. The diameter of the vortex core varied between 540–720 μm. These coefficients show a very good agreement with the measured cavitation inception indices.
Beyond Mining: Characterizing the Data Generation Process (2007)

Data in databases is the outcome of an underlying data generation process (dgp), which is a complex function of unknown number of parameters. A few of these parameters may be known and understood by the domain expert or the end-user. The trends hidden in the evolving databases evolve with time and are manifestations of the underlying dgp. We believe that one of the objectives of the KDD technology is to discover the unknown parameters of the dgp and enable its characterization. This is a pre-requisite for developing capabilities to understand and possibly control the dgp. In this paper we draw the attention of the data mining research community towards the need to look beyond mining. The community is already paying serious attention to the issue of changes in the patterns discovered from evolving data repositories. We identify the commanalities in these works and show that they fit in a common framework where the discovered knowledge is consolidated and deviations are quantified. We extend this framework by introducing abstraction levels facilitation characterization of the underlying data generation process.
Gaseous sample collection at the National Ignition Facility (2009)

Summary form only given. Radiochemical diagnostic techniques such as solid- and gas- phase capsule debris analysis may prove to be successful methods for establishing the success or failure of ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Samples in the gas phase offer the most direct method of collection by simply pumping out the large target chamber following a NIF shot. The target capsules will be prepared with dopants which will produce radioactive noble gas isotopes upon activation with neutrons. We have designed the Radchem Apparatus for Gas Sampling (RAGS) in order to collect post- shot gaseous samples for NIF capsule diagnostics. The design of RAGS incorporates multiple stages intended to purify, transfer, and count the radioactive decays from gaseous products synthesized in NIF experiments. The modular design of RAGS allows for experimental flexibility and expansion, and various operation scenarios will be depicted. We will also present preliminary results of the gas collection (or separation) efficiency, as well as a construction update.
Optical Diagnostics for IBM POWER6- Microprocessor (2008)

As design complexity increases and process technologies shrink, high resolution and quick turnaround diagnostics are always in high demand. This is especially important for the development of high performance microprocessors, where not only the gross defects are a big concern, but small "AC" defects (soft defects) are as well. To diagnose these "AC" defects, conventional electrical diagnostic techniques, such as software-based and tester-based approaches, might not be effective. In this paper, a dynamic laser stimulation technique is described. When combined with the Picosecond Imaging Circuit Analysis (PICA) technique, very high diagnostic resolution can be achieved. Several IBM Power6 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> (P6) microprocessor [1] diagnostic examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic strategy and methods.
A High-Rate Optimal Transform Coder With Gaussian Mixture Companders (2007)

This paper examines the problem of designing fixed-rate transform coders for sources whose distributions are unknown and presumably non-Gaussian, under input-weighted squared error distortion measures. As a component of this system, a flexible scalar compander based on Gaussian mixtures is proposed. The high-rate analysis of transform coders is reviewed, and extended to the case of input-weighted squared error. An algorithm is developed to set the parameters of the system using a data-driven technique that automatically balances the source statistics, distortion measure, and structure of the transform coder to minimize the high-rate distortion. The implementation of Gaussian mixture companders is explored, resulting in a flexible, low-complexity scalar quantizer. Additionally, modifications to the system for operation at moderate rates, using unstructured scalar quantizers, are presented. The operation of the system for the problem of wideband speech line spectral frequencies (LSF) quantization with log spectral distortion is illustrated, and shown to provide good performance with very low complexity
Total Knee Arthroplasty Fixation (1990)

The results of 18 matched pairs of Porous Coated Anatomic knee prostheses were studied to compare the early clinical and functional performance of cemented versus uncemented fixation with an average five-year follow-up period for both. The knee score improved from a preoperative average of 35 points to a postoperative average of 90 points in the cemented group, and from 38 points to 93 points in the uncemented group. In particular, the individual pain scores and the range-of-motion values were well matched at the three-, six-, and 12-month follow-up visits and showed a steady improvement. Subjectively, all patients were pleased with the results of surgery; one-third preferred the cemented side, one-third preferred the uncemented side, and one-third found no difference in the performance of either knee. The clinical and functional performance of knee prostheses in patients who had one cemented knee and one uncemented knee were comparable and possibly unrelated to the type of fixation method.
Shutter array technique for real-time non-invasive extraction of individual channel responses in multi-channel CPV modules (2013)

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) solar energy systems use optics to concentrate direct normal incidence (DNI) sunlight onto multi-junction photovoltaic (MJPV) cells fabricated from III-V compound semiconductors on germanium substrates. The MJPV receiver, which integrates cell and bypass diode, is then mated with its concentrating optic to form a channel, and several such channels form a CPV module, in which the receivers are connected electrically in series. The two ends of the module receiver string are brought out to a single pair of electrical connections, at which point the lightcurrent- voltage (L-I-V) response of the entire module can be tested. With commercial CPV modules commonly sealed against outdoor exposure, there are no other accessible test points, and field installation on trackers further complicates access to performance data. There are many physical phenomena influencing module performance, and in early development and commercialization some of these may not yet be completely under control. Unambiguous diagnosis of such phenomena from one full-module L-I-V curve is problematic. Simple, fast test methods are needed to develop more detailed information from full-module on-tracker testing, without opening up modules in the field. We describe a test protocol, using a simple optical shutter array constructed to fit mechanically over the module. When module L-I-V curves are recorded for each of various combinations of open and closed shutters, the information can be used to identify one or more anomalous channels, and to further identify the kind of anomaly present, such as optical misalignment, conductor failure, series or shunt resistance, and so on. Simulated results from anomaly models can be compared with the measured results to identify the anomalous behaviour. Results herein are compared with direct single-channel measurements to verify the technique. The L-I-V response curves were obtained in continuous real time, an approach found to be more helpful than single-shot capture in understanding field response. A triangular wave function generator is used to drive the DC power supply, and a four-channel digital sampling oscilloscope displays and stores the real time response. Where modules exhibit unstable or intermittent response under certain conditions, this is immediately obvious in real-time display.
History of some early developments in ion-implantation technology leading to silicon transistor manufacturing (1998)

Ion implantation of dopant impurities to form p-n junctions and other doped regions in silicon transistors has evolved from an experimental curiosity in solid-state physics to become a dominant technology in today's integrated circuit manufacturing. This paper traces the key inventions and early developments in ion beam doping concepts from the early 1950's through the 1970's as they were applied to the development of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) and bipolar transistors. Early on, scientists were fascinated with possible applications of radiation damage resulting from ion bombardment of semiconductors for building novel devices with room-temperature processing or, at most, maximum heating temperatures of a few hundred degrees Celsius. As a result, the early work initially overlooked the real potential of the technology for providing a highly controlled means of substitutional impurity doping in combination with high temperature annealing above 800/spl deg/C. Subsequently, a number of key researchers contributed to the knowledge base surrounding the penetration of energetic ions into semiconductors. However, the true potential of ion implantation would be realized by more device-oriented engineers driven by design and manufacturing issues who looked for ways of applying and integrating ion implantation with conventional transistor manufacturing methods. Ion implantation allowed for good lateral and vertical junction position control, which were critical elements as both device dimensions and patterned feature tolerances were reduced. Ion implantation, high-temperature annealing, and self-aligned silicon gate technology fueled new process technologies in MOS devices such as arsenic source/drain doping, the ability to tailor threshold voltages in both enhancement and depletion transistors, and lightly doped drain extensions. In bipolar technology, ion implantation would make possible tight control of base-region doping and reduction of parasitic resistances, and would enable the use of arsenic emitters for high-frequency applications of discrete transistors as well as advanced, high-speed integrated circuits.
Calcitonin gene related peptide inhibits basal, pentagastrin, histamine, and bethanecol stimulated gastric acid secretion. (1985)

This study was designed to examine the effect of calcitonin gene related peptide on gastric acid secretion in the rat. Calcitonin gene related peptide (1 pmol-1 nmol/rat) injected intravenously inhibited basal gastric acid secretion in awake, freely moving rats. Calcitonin gene related peptide decreased gastric secretion stimulated by histamine, pentagastrin, or bethanecol in anaesthetised rats. The inhibitory effect was immediate and most pronounced in the first hour and diminished during the second hour. The N- and C-terminal fragments of calcitonin gene related peptide, CGRP1-14 and [Tyr23]CGRP23-37, did not affect gastric acid secretion. [acetamidomethyl-cys2,7]CGRP, the linear cysteine-protected molecule devoid of the disulphide bridge, was not biologically active. After truncal vagotomy or atropine sulphate, calcitonin gene related peptide did not inhibit gastric secretion. These studies indicate that calcitonin gene related peptide administered peripherally inhibits basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion in the rat. Both C- and N-terminal residues as well as the disulphide bridge are necessary for the inhibitory effect on gastric secretion. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by calcitonin gene related peptide may depend on intact vagal cholinergic fibres.
DPLM: A Deep Perceptual Spatial-Audio Localization Metric (2021)

Subjective evaluations are critical for assessing the perceptual realism of sounds in audio-synthesis driven technologies like augmented and virtual reality. However, they are challenging to set up, fatiguing for users, and expensive. In this work, we tackle the problem of capturing the perceptual characteristics of localizing sounds. Specifically, we propose a framework for building a general-purpose quality metric to assess spatial localization differences between two binaural recordings. We model localization similarity by utilizing activation-level distances from deep networks trained for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Our proposed metric (DPLM) outperforms baseline metrics on correlation with subjective ratings on a diverse set of datasets, even without the benefit of any human-labeled training data.
High‐Throughput Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of a Molecular Sieve with 18‐ and 10‐Member Rings. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of Human Umbilical Cord Blood (HUCB) Cells to Repair the Damaged Brain (2004)

Neurodegenerative diseases as well as acute center nervous system (CNS) injuries remains a problematic and frustrating area of medicine in terms of treatments and cures, which is mostly due to the complex circuitry of the CNS along with our limited knowledge. Therapeutically, the last two and a half decades have offered new hope for those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases or injuries with advent of new drug discoveries and cellular therapies. Cell transplantation is a compelling and potential treatment for certain neurological and neurodegenerative diseases as well as for acute injuries to the spinal cord and brain. The hematopoietic system offers an alternative source of cells that is easily obtainable, abundant, and reliable when compared to cells obtained from fetal or embryonic origins. Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells have been used clinically for over ten years to treat both malignant and non-malignant diseases. With in the last five years these cells have been used pre-clinically in animal models of brain and spinal cord injuries, in which functional recovery have been shown. This paper reviews the advantages, utilization, and progress of HUCB cells in the field of cellular transplantation and repair.