gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on Electro-Optical Characteristics of the Ion Beam Aligned Fringe-Field Switching (FFS) Cell on the Inorganic Thin Film (2005)

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the electro-optical (EO) characteristic of fringe-field switching (FFS) mode cell by the ion beam alignment method on the a-C:H thin film. The suitable inorganic thin films for FFS cell and the aligning capabilities of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) using the new alignment material of a-C:H thin film were studied. An excellent voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time curve of the ion beam aligned FFS cell was observed with oblique ion beam exposure on the a-C:H thin films. Also, the V-T hysteresis characteristics of the ion beam-aligned FFS cell with IB exposure on the a-C:H thin films is almost the same as that of the rubbing-aligned FFS cell on a polyimide (PI) surface.
A Dynamic Helical Supramolecular Peptide Framework Displaying Enantioselective Guest Adsorption (2022)

The ability to use bio-inspired building-blocks in the assembly of novel supramolecular frameworks is at the forefront of this exciting research field. Herein, we present the first helical polyproline peptide to self-assemble to form a reversibly porous, crystalline, supramolecular peptide framework (SPF). This framework is assembled from a short oligoproline, adopting the polyproline II conformation, driven by hydrogen-bonding and pi-interactions. Thermal activation, guest-induced dynamic porosity and enantioselective guest inclusion have been demonstrated for this novel system. The principles of the self-assembly associated with this SPF will be used as a blueprint allowing for the further development of helical, proline-based peptide linkers in the rational design of SPFs and metal-peptide frameworks.
Property-based characterization of kinase-like ligand space for library design and virtual screening (2015)

A property-based desirability scoring scheme has been developed for kinase-focused library design and ligand-based pre-screening of large compound sets.
Multilaboratory Assessment of a New Reference Material for Quality Assurance of Cell-Free Tumor DNA Measurements (2019)

We conducted a multilaboratory assessment to determine the suitability of a new commercially available reference material with 40 cancer variants in a background of wild-type DNA at four different variant allele frequencies (VAFs): 2%, 0.50%, 0.125%, and 0%. The variants include single nucleotides, insertions, deletions, and two structural variations selected for their clinical importance and to challenge the performance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. Fragmented DNA was formulated to simulate the size distribution of circulating wild-type and tumor DNA in a synthetic plasma matrix. DNA was extracted from these samples and characterized with different methods and multiple laboratories. The various extraction methods had differences in yield, perhaps because of differences in chemistry. Digital PCR assays were used to measure VAFs to compare results from different NGS methods. Comparable VAFs were observed across the different NGS methods. This multilaboratory assessment demonstrates that the new reference material is an appropriate tool to determine the analytical parameters of different measurement methods and to ensure their quality assurance.
Integrated Thin-film Lithium-Niobate Waveguides on Silicon for Second-Harmonic Generation Pumped at 1875 nm (2018)

A thin-film periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN) on silicon wavelength converter is demonstrated for application in carrier-envelope offset stabilization. Supercontinuum generation, amplified at about 1900 nm wavelength, is used to generate second harmonic generation.
Rational Deployment of Multiple Heuristics in IDA* (2014)

Recent advances in metareasoning for search has shown its usefulness in improving numerous search algorithms. This paper applies rational metareasoning to IDA* when several admissible heuristics are available. The obvious basic approach of taking the maximum of the heuristics is improved upon by lazy evaluation of the heuristics, resulting in a variant known as Lazy IDA*. We introduce a rational version of lazy IDA* that decides whether to compute the more expensive heuristics or to bypass it, based on a myopic expected regret estimate. Empirical evaluation in several domains supports the theoretical results, and shows that rational lazy IDA* is a state-of-the-art heuristic combination method.
Trinitromethyl Ethers and Other Derivatives as Superior Oxidizers (2011)

Abstract : SERDP Statement of Need WPSEED-10-01 called for novel materials that can replace ammonium perchlorate (AP) as rocket motor oxidizers. The main objective of this SEED project was to develop synthetic methodology leading to any example of the chemical class of trinitromethyl ethers. There is no open-literature report of the preparation of trinitromethyl ethers, with the linkage (N02) 3C-O-C, a class of compounds that might have promise as superior oxidizers to replace ammonium perchlorate. Several attempts by us to newly prepare examples of this potentially interesting class proved unsuccessful: first, trimethylsilyl trinitromethyl ether, followed by tert-butyl trinitromethyl ether. (Nevertheless, this class of compound still appears to be a fundamentally reasonable chemical linkage.) Some other unprecedented polynitroalkane products, such as nonanitroisobutane, were briefly pursued but proved less straightforward than hoped and were abandoned. Another promising target compound pursued here was 2,6,8,12-tetranitro-4,10-bis(trinitromethyl)hexaazaisowurtzitane (DNIW, a decanitro-substituted hexaazaisowurtzitane), but synthetic strategies attempted in the course of this SEED project were unsuccessful, particularly to prepare unknown 4,10-diacetonyl-2,6,8,12- tetraacetylhexaazaisowurtzitane as a new intermediate. This target also remains of interest for pursuit outside the scope of the current project, as it has good oxygen balance and is expected to have good properties as an energetic ingredient (oxidizer or explosive).
Evaluation of a Lumbar Intervertebral Spacer With Integrated Screws as a Stand-alone Fixation Device (2010)

The incorporation of screws into a PEEK interbody device was evaluated alongside traditional constructs in terms of construct rigidity and resistance to pullout. The greatest contributions of the integrated screws are in limiting torsional motion and in the containment of the interbody device. Pedicular fixation produces the most rigid constructs, but integrating screws into a PEEK spacer produces a stand-alone construct that is similar to threaded cages and provides more resistance to anterior displacement.
Analysis of Water Morphology in the Active Area and Channel-to-Manifold Transitions of a PEM Fuel Cell (2014)

To achieve optimal performance of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, effective water management is crucial. Cells need to be fabricated to operate over wide ranges of current density and cell temperature. To investigate these design and operational conditions, the present experiment utilized neutron radiography for measurement of in-situ water volumes of operating PEM fuel cells under varying operating conditions. Fuel cell performance was found to be generally inversely correlated to liquid water volume in the active area. High water concentrations restrict narrow flow field channels, limiting the reactant flow, and causing the development of performance-reducing liquid water blockages (slugs). The analysis was performed both quantitatively and qualitatively to compare the overall liquid water volume within the cell to the flow field geometry. The neutron image analysis results revealed interesting trends related to water volume as a function of time. At temperatures greater than 25°C, the total liquid water volume at start-up in the active area was the lowest at 1.5 A/cm2. At 25°C, 0.1 A/cm2 performed with the least amount of liquid water accumulation. However, as the reaction progressed at temperatures above 25°C, there was a crossover point where 0.1 A/cm2 accumulated less water than 1.5 A/cm2. The higher the temperature, the longer the time required to reach this crossover point. Results from the current density analysis showed a minimization of water slugs at 1.5 A/cm2, while the temperature analysis showed unexpectedly that, independent of current density, the condition with lowest water volume was always 35°C.
A stochastic model of singing voice F0 contours for characterizing expressive dynamic components (2012)

for Characterizing Expressive Dynamic Components Yasunori Ohishi, Hirokazu Kameoka, Daichi Mochihashi, Kunio Kashino, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Japan Summary: Our goal is to characterize expressive dynamic components of the singing voice fundamental frequency (F0) contours, such as Vibrato and Portamento, using a stochastic model. We propose a process of generating the F0 contours and a statistical framework of the model parameter estimation. Experimental results show that our method successfully extracts the expressive components. Applications: Extracting expressive dynamic components from a raw F0 contour automatically can be potentially very beneficial for any singing voice applications, such as singer identification, singing skill evaluation, the synthesis of more natural and varied singing voices, and singing voice conversion. Introduction Method Evaluation
Purification and characterization of a surface lectin from the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora (1992)

Several studies have indicated that the capture of nematodes by the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora is mediated by a lectin on the fungal surface. One of the major surface proteins of this fungus showed haemagglutinating activity and was isolated by affinity chromatography using a mucin Sepharose column. Biochemical analysis showed that the protein was a dimeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 36 kDa and an isoelectric point of pH 6.5, and contained no sulphur amino acids. The protein was N-terminally blocked; four internal peptides were sequenced, and showed no significant similarity to sequences in the Swiss-Prot or PIR databases. The haemagglutinating activity of the isolated protein was not inhibited by any of the mono- or disaccharides tested, but it was inhibited by the glycoproteins fetuin and mucin. The haemagglutinating activity changed after incubating the protein in buffers of different pH, with maximal activity at pH 11.0 and no activity at pH 2.8. The lectin was tested for different enzymic activities but none were detected. Analysis of the haemagglutinating activity in various cell fractions indicated that the protein was associated with extracellular polymer layers and with the cell wall of the fungus. About the same amount of the haemagglutinating protein was recovered from samples of vegetative mycelium and of mycelium containing nematode-trapping cells.
Surface structural-chemical characterization of a single-site d 0 heterogeneous arene hydrogenation catalyst having 100% active sites (2012)

Structural characterization of the catalytically significant sites on solid catalyst surfaces is frequently tenuous because their fraction, among all sites, typically is quite low. Here we report the combined application of solid-state (13)C-cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C-CPMAS-NMR) spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT), and Zr X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to characterize the adsorption products and surface chemistry of the precatalysts (η(5)-C(5)H(5))(2)ZrR(2) (R = H, CH(3)) and [η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5)]Zr(CH(3))(3) adsorbed on Brønsted superacidic sulfated alumina (AlS). The latter complex is exceptionally active for benzene hydrogenation, with ~100% of the Zr sites catalytically significant as determined by kinetic poisoning experiments. The (13)C-CPMAS-NMR, DFT, and XAS data indicate formation of organozirconium cations having a largely electrostatic [η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5)]Zr(CH(3))(2)(+)· · · AlS(-) interaction with greatly elongated Zr · · · O(AlS) distances of ~2.35(2) Å. The catalytic benzene hydrogenation cycle is stepwise understandable by DFT, and proceeds via turnover-limiting H(2) delivery to surface [η(5)-C(5)(CH(3))(5)]ZrH(2)(benzene)(+)· · · AlS(-) species, observable by solid-state NMR and XAS.
High Efficiency Industrial Silicon Solar Cells on Silicon Mono2TM Cast Material Using Dielectric Passivation and Local BSF (2009)

This work evaluates the application of an advanced solar cell process that features a dielectric rear surface passivation as well as a local BSF on BP Solar’s Mono2 TM material. The Mono2 TM material is a novel type of Si material for solar cell application and is obtained using a seeded directional solidification technique [1], producing wafers that are free of grain boundaries, or in some cases have small areas with crystal grains. It is a promising alternative to traditional high cost Czochralski and float-zone material. The applied solar cell process features a rear passivation stack of deposited oxide/PECVD SiN as well as local Al-alloyed contacts [2]. The target is high efficiency at low cost which is foreseeable with the combination of the presented advanced Si material and the proposed advanced solar cell process. Cell results obtained in this work are up to 18% efficient for the best Mono2 TM and an average of 17.2% for a batch of 41 cells all of which have a final thickness of 130 μm and area of 156 cm2.
Meta‐lens light‐sheet fluorescence microscopy for in vivo imaging (2022)

Light-sheet fluorescent microscopy has become the leading technique for <i>in vivo</i> imaging in the fields of disease, medicine, and cell biology research. However, designing proper illumination for high image resolution and optical sectioning is challenging. Another issue is geometric constraints arising from the multiple bulky components for illumination and detection. Here, we demonstrate that those issues can be well addressed by integrating nanophotonic meta-lens as the illumination component for LSFM. The meta-lens is composed of 800-nm-thick GaN nanostructures and is designed for a light-sheet well-adapted to biological specimens such as the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans</i>). With the meta-lens, the complexity of the LSFM system is significantly reduced, and it is capable of performing multicolor fluorescent imaging of live <i>C. elegans</i> with cellular resolution. Considering the miniature size and plane geometry of the meta-lens, our system enables a new design for LSFM to acquire <i>in vivo</i> images of biological specimens with high resolution.
Use of the IGF BAC library for physical mapping of theArabidopsis thalianagenome (1998)

In order to generate a physical map of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome based on bacterial artificial chromosome clones (BACs), an iterative high throughput hybridisation strategy was applied and its efficiency was evaluated. Thus, probes generated from both ends of 500 BAC clones selected from the Arabidopsis-IGF-BAC library were hybridised to the entire library gridded on high density filters. The 1000 hybridisation reactions identified 4496 clones (41.8% of the complete library, or 50.3% if organellar, centromeric, and ribosomal DNA carrying clones are excluded) which were assembled into a minimum of 220 contigs. These results demonstrate the viability of the applied 'double-end clone-limited/sampling without replacement' hybridisation strategy for the generation of a high resolution physical map, and provide a highly useful resource for map-based gene cloning approaches and further genome analysis.
Biological Effects of Abdominal Irradiation on Intestinal Barrier Breakdown Identified By Second-Generation Probiotic, LR-IL-22 (2020)

Toxic effects of total body irradiation and whole abdomen irradiation include breakdown of the intestinal barrier function and bacterial translocation into the abdominal lymphatic and systemic vascular circulations. Therapeutic effects of countermeasures against intestinal radiation damage have relied upon serum assays for bacterial endotoxin and citrulline, biomarkers of relatively late effects in barrier dysfunction. Intestinal barrier breakdown effects on mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen have been incompletely documented. In the present experiments, we gavaged C57BL/6NTac female mice one hour before irradiation (19.75 Gy whole abdomen) with 100 microliters containing 109 second-generation probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri-Interleukin-22 (LR-IL-22) containing transgenes for both mammalian IL-22 and Rapamycin resistance (Alexander LM, et. al., Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85(10): e02335-18, 2019), LR alone, or sham-gavage. Twenty-four hours later, Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and peripheral blood were collected at serial times after gavage and assayed for growth of Rapamycin-resistant bacteria, and for relative compositions of immunocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes spleen and blood including: CD3, CD19, CD8, CD45, NK1.1, CD25, Foxp3, CD103, and PD-1+ lymphocytes. Compared to non-irradiated, non-gavaged mice, animals receiving LR or LR-IL-22 showed no significant changes in weight or length of the spleen or lymph nodes 24 hr after gavage. There was an increase in PD-1 expression in the spleen of the mice gavaged with LR-IL-22. There were no other significant changes in the composition of immunocytes in abdominal lymph nodes, or spleen and detectable second-generation probiotic growth in these organs. At 24 hr after irradiation, abdominal irradiated mice demonstrated a significant loss of weight and length of the spleen (p &amp;lt; 0.05) as well as decreased lymphocytes in the blood (p &amp;lt; 0.05). Mice gavaged with LR-IL-22 and irradiated to 19.75 Gy had a significant increase in lymphocytes and red blood cells compared to irradiation only (p &amp;lt; 0.05). There was no significant change in the size or weight of the lymph nodes. In the lymph nodes there was an increase in CD8+ cells after irradiation while the LR-IL-22 gavaged mice had an increase in PD-1 expression. There was no detectable growth of Rapamycin resistant bacteria in non-gavaged animals. Mice gavaged with LR-IL-22, but not LR showed decreased biomarkers of intestinal barrier breakdown. Thus, gavage of genetically labeled second-generation probiotics represents a sensitive assay system for irradiation changes in the intestinal barrier function, translocation of bacteria into the abdominal lymphatic system, and therapeutic effect of enteric delivered radiation countermeasures. Supported by U19-AI1068021 Grant. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Mutant p53 oncogenic functions are sustained by Plk2 kinase through an autoregulatory feedback loop (2011)

Aberrant activation of kinases has emerged to be a key event along with tumor progression, maintenance of tumor phenotype and response to anticancer treatments. This study documents the existence of an oncogenic auto-regulatory feedback loop that includes the Polo-like kinase-2 (Snk/Plk2) and mutant p53 proteins. Plk2 protein binds to and phosphorylates mutant p53, thereby potentiating its oncogenic activities. Phosphorylated mutant p53 binds more efficiently to p300 consequently strengthening its own transcriptional activity. Plk2 gene is regulated at a transcriptional level by both wt- and mutant p53 proteins. This leads to growth suppression or enhanced cell proliferation and chemo-resistance, respectively. In turn, the siRNA-mediated knock down of either mutant p53 or Plk2 proteins significantly curtails the growth properties of tumor cells and their chemo-resistance to anticancer treatments. Therefore, this paper identifies a novel tumor network including Plk2 and mutant p53 proteins whose triggering in response to DNA damage might disclose important implications for the treatment of human cancers.
260-megahertz, megawatt-level thin-disk oscillator (2015)

A Kerr-lens mode-locked (KLM) Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator delivering 215-fs pulses with 75-W average power and 1.4-MW peak power at a repetition rate of 260 MHz is presented. Self-starting KLM is demonstrated at an output power of 68 W. This is the highest repetition rate of any mode-locked thin-disk oscillators so far. Concepts for scaling the repetition rate up to 1 GHz are discussed.
Aspirin-Sensitive Asthma: Abnormal Platelet Response to Drugs Inducing Asthmatic Attacks (1985)

The pathogenesis of aspirin-sensitive asthma remains unknown. Using a new model of platelet activation, initially described as a response of platelets to IgE antibody-dependent stimuli, this study was designed to test the hypothesis of a possible involvement of platelets in aspirin-sensitive asthma. Washed platelets from 35 aspirin-sensitive asthmatics showed an abnormal in vitro response to cyclooxygenase inhibiting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)--aspirin, indomethacin or flurbiprofen--characterized by the generation of a cytocidal supernatant and (14 patients explored) a burst of chemiluminescence; these drugs had no similar effect on platelets from 31 controls (p less than 0.0001). It was shown that the abnormal platelet response to NSAIDs was not mediated by IgE. In contrast to platelets, aspirin-sensitive asthmatic leukocytes generated neither cytocidal factors nor chemiluminescence in the presence of NSAIDs. Sodium salicylate and salicylamide, which, though structurally similar to aspirin, do not inhibit cyclooxygenase and are well tolerated by aspirin-sensitive asthmatics, did not activate their platelets to release cytocidal factors. Moreover, preincubation of platelets with sodium salicylate, salicylamide or prostaglandin endoperoxide PGH2, highly prevented their abnormal response to NSAIDs (greater than 80%; p less than 0.0001). Since several lipoxygenase inhibitors (NDGA, esculetin), including inhibitors of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase (ETYA, BW755c), did not activate patient platelets and prevented the subsequent abnormal response to NSAIDs, it is suggested that the abnormal platelet activation by NSAIDs is not only the consequence of an inhibition of cyclooxygenase, but also involves generation of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonate. Besides, platelets from 4 aspirin-sensitive asthmatics undergoing aspirin desensitization were found to have completely lost their abnormal responsiveness to NSAIDs. These findings represent the first identification in aspirin-intolerant asthmatics of a specific abnormal cellular response to drugs inducing asthmatic attacks and open new perspectives into the pathogenesis, prevention and diagnosis of this disease. They also provide support to the concept of a role for platelets in asthma.
<title>Detailed rate-distortion analysis of H.264 video coding standard and comparison to MPEG2/4</title> (2003)

H.264 is an emerging video coding standard, providing significant improvements with respect to its ancestors, like MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the most important H.264 coding tools in terms of visual quality and compression efficiency© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Progress in the Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Industry “Are we there yet?” (2012)

This report presents a detailed update to our 2008 publication on the tissue engineering (TE) and stem cell industry. Data are reported through mid 2011 showing an almost three-fold growth in commercial sales over the past 4 years. In addition, the number of companies selling products or offering services has increased over two-fold to 106, and they are generating a remarkable $3.5 billion in sales. Overall, the TE and stem cell sector is spending $3.6 billion and employing almost 14,000 employees. These data suggest the TE and stem cell industry has stabilized and is on a path pointing toward continued success.