gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fictitious Play in Potential Games. (2017)

This work studies the convergence properties of continuous-time fictitious play in potential games. It is shown that in almost every potential game and for almost every initial condition, fictitious play converges to a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium. 
We focus our study on the class of regular potential games; i.e., the set of potential games in which all Nash equilibria are regular. As byproducts of the proof of our main result we show that (i) a regular mixed-strategy equilibrium of a potential game can only be reached by a fictitious play process from a set of initial conditions with Lebesgue measure zero, and (ii) in regular potential games, solutions of fictitious play are unique for almost all initial conditions.
Effect of Functional Groups at Hole Edges on Cisplatin Release from Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns (2006)

We incorporated cisplatin inside single-wall carbon nanohorns (NHs) and revealed that 70% of the cisplatin was released from NHs having holes with hydrogen-terminated edges when they were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). However, only 15% was released from NHs having holes with oxygen-containing functional groups at the hole edges (NHox). Elemental analysis indicated that -COOH and -OH groups at the hole edges of NHox changed mainly to -COONa and -ONa groups by immersion in PBS. These groups decreased the practical hole diameters, which resulted in hindering the cisplatin release from NHox. This means that the release of the material from inside NHox would be controlled by chemically modifying the functional groups attached to the hole edges of NHox; thus the potential applicability of NHox to a material carrier would be enhanced.
Fractional Base Station Cooperation Cellular Network (2009)

In modern cellular systems, high-rate communication is performed using MIMO transmission by a single base station (BS). This method is able to improve the transmission rate when the user is at the cell-inner. However the rate severely degrades when the user is located at cell-edge. Base station cooperation (BSC) MIMO is solve the cell-edge problem. BSC MIMO can improve capacity at the cell-edge than FFR or TAA cancellation, however, it has minimal impact on cell-inner users and increases complexity of the network. In this paper, fractional base station cooperation cellular network (FBSC-CN) is proposed in which a combination of single BS MIMO and BSC multiuser (MU) MIMO is performed in order to achieve gains both at the cell-inner and cell-edge with limited complexity. Furthermore, by cooperating with each BS autonomously and distributedly, cooperative BSs are able to select the most suitable transmission schemes to the users accordingly.
Therapy for Neutropenia in Hairy Cell Leukemia with Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (1988)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may increase neutrophil counts within 2 weeks in patients with hairy cell leukemia and neutropenia. This therapy may be a useful adjunct to definitive treatment of hairy cell leukemia with interferon or pentostatin.
PET Imaging of Lung Inflammation with [18F]FEDAC, a Radioligand for Translocator Protein (18 kDa) (2012)

From this study we conclude that PET with [(18)F]FEDAC may be a useful tool for imaging TSPO expression and evaluating progress of lung inflammation. Study on human lung using [(18)F]FEDAC-PET is promising.
Synthesis of Chiral 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAP) via a Novel Nickel-Catalyzed Phosphine Insertion (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Chiral 2,2'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAP) via a Novel Nickel-Catalyzed Phosphine InsertionDongwei Cai, Joseph F. Payack, Dean R. Bender, David L. Hughes, Thomas R. Verhoeven, and Paul J. ReiderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 23, 7180–7181Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00102a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00102a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3590Altmetric-Citations205LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Navy Successes and Challenges in Cr6+ Minimization (2011)

Abstract : Naval Aviation Enterprise Position on Cr6+ and Path Forward. Cr6+ is used in 10 major metal finishing and corrosion protection processes, with many sub-processes. Cost impact is highest for compliance when removing Cr6+ containing coatings, especially sanding at FRCs. Application of most materials can be achieved while complying with regulations. Alternatives can be implemented during design and production by OEMs and subcontractors and at Navy and contractor facilities which carry out O, I and D-level maintenance. Many uses include critical engineering applications including adhesive bonding, wear surfaces and corrosion protection on high-strength steels, and protection of critical structure. Compliance with memos and expected DFARs contract language will increase cost of acquisition environmental and corrosion support. Implementation of alternatives is not trivial and requires a risk reduction approach, especially for primers. RDT&E needs to be prioritized and linked to Cr6+ goals.
Dynamics of the Josephson junction (1978)

We study the sine-Gordon equation and systems of discrete approximations to it which are respectively a model of the Josephson junction and models of coupled-point Josephson junctions. We do this in the so-called current-driven case. The voltage response of these devices is the average of the time derivative of the solution of these equations and we demonstrate the existence of running periodic solutions for which the average exists. Static solutions are also studied. These together with the running solutions explain the multiple-valuedness in the response of a Josephson junction in several cases. The stability of the various solutions is described in some of the cases. Numerical results are displayed which give details of structure of solution types in the case of a single point junction and of the one-dimensional distributed junction.
Fibroblast activation protein-targeted-4-1BB ligand agonist amplifies effector functions of intratumoral T cells in human cancer (2020)

Our study provides mechanistic insights into T cell stimulation induced by FAP-4-1BBL in primary human tumors and supports the investigation of FAP-4-1BBL compound in early clinical trials.
Exosome-based cancer vaccines (2005)

Exosomes are 30-100-nm membrane vesicles originating from late endosomes and secreted by hematopoietic and epithelial cells in culture. The exosome protein and lipid composition is very unique and might shed some light on exosome biogenesis and function. Exosomes secreted from professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), i.e., B-lymphocytes and dendritic cells, are enriched in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II complexes, co-stimulatory molecules and heat shock protein Hsp70-90 chaperones, and have therefore been extensively studied for their immunomodulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. The first pilot phase I trials using exosome-based vaccines in cancer patients have just ended. This review will present the major biological features of exosomes, emphasizing their immunostimulatory functions in mice and humans, and will discuss their possible implementation in the immunotherapy of cancer.
STAT3, a key regulator of cell-to-cell communication in the heart (2014)

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is fundamental for physiological homeostasis and stress-induced remodelling of the heart as deregulated STAT3 circuits are sufficient to induce dilated and peripartum cardiomyopathy and adverse remodelling after myocardial infarction. STAT3 activity depends on multiple post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, acetylation, and dimerization). It is regulated by multiple receptor systems, which are coupled to positive and negative feedback loops to ensure physiological and beneficial action. Its intracellular functions are diverse as it acts as a signalling protein, a transcription factor but also participates in mitochondria energy production and protection. STAT3 modulates proliferation, differentiation, survival, oxidative stress, and/or metabolism in cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, progenitor cells, and various inflammatory cells. By regulating the secretome of these cardiac cells, STAT3 influences a broad range of intercellular communication systems. It thereby impacts on the communication between cardiomyocytes, the plasticity of the cardiac microenvironment, the vasculature, the extracellular matrix, and the inflammation in response to physiological and pathophysiological stress. Here, we sum up current knowledge on STAT3-mediated intra- and intercellular communication within the heterogeneous cellular network of the myocardium to co-ordinate complex biological processes and discuss STAT3-dependent targets as novel therapeutic concepts to treat various forms of heart disease.
Data from The First-in-class Anti-EGFR Antibody Mixture Sym004 Overcomes Cetuximab Resistance Mediated by EGFR Extracellular Domain Mutations in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Approved anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab provide significant clinical benefit in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). However, patients ultimately develop disease progression, often driven by acquisition of mutations in the extracellular domain (ECD) of EGFR. Sym004 is a novel 1:1 mixture of two nonoverlapping anti-EGFR mAbs that recently showed promising clinical activity in a phase I trial in MCRC. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of Sym004 to circumvent cetuximab resistance driven by &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; ECD mutations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Functional studies were performed to assess drug–receptor binding as well as ligand-dependent activation of individual EGFR mutants in the presence of cetuximab, panitumumab, and Sym004. Cell viability and molecular effects of the drugs were assayed in cetuximab-resistant cell lines and in tumor xenograft models. Efficacy of Sym004 was evaluated in patients progressing to cetuximab that harbored EGFR mutation in the post-cetuximab tumor sample.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Contrary to cetuximab and panitumumab, Sym004 effectively bound and abrogated ligand-induced phosphorylation of all individual EGFR mutants. Cells resistant to cetuximab harboring mutations in &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; maintained sensitivity to Sym004, which was consistent with an effective suppression of EGFR downstream signaling, translating into profound and sustained tumor regression in the xenograft model. As proof-of-principle, a patient with a tumor harboring an &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutation (G465R) following cetuximab therapy benefited from Sym004 therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Sym004 is an active drug in MCRC resistant to cetuximab/panitumumab mediated by &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutations. &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; mutations are potential biomarkers of response to Sym004 to be evaluated in ongoing large clinical trials. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3260–7. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Regulatory T Cell Depletion Using a CRISPR Fc-Optimized CD25 Antibody (2022)

Regulatory T cells (T<sub>regs</sub>) are major drivers behind immunosuppressive mechanisms and present a major hurdle for cancer therapy. T<sub>regs</sub> are characterized by a high expression of CD25, which is a potentially valuable target for T<sub>reg</sub> depletion to alleviate immune suppression. The preclinical anti-CD25 (αCD25) antibody, clone PC-61, has met with modest anti-tumor activity due to its capacity to clear T<sub>regs</sub> from the circulation and lymph nodes, but not those that reside in the tumor. The optimization of the Fc domain of this antibody clone has been shown to enhance the intratumoral T<sub>reg</sub> depletion capacity. Here, we generated a stable cell line that produced optimized recombinant T<sub>reg</sub>-depleting antibodies. A genome engineering strategy in which CRISPR-Cas9 was combined with homology-directed repair (CRISPR-HDR) was utilized to optimize the Fc domain of the hybridoma PC-61 for effector functions by switching it from its original rat IgG1 to a mouse IgG2a isotype. In a syngeneic tumor mouse model, the resulting αCD25-m2a (mouse IgG2a isotype) antibody mediated the effective depletion of tumor-resident T<sub>regs</sub>, leading to a high effector T cell (T<sub>eff</sub>) to T<sub>reg</sub> ratio. Moreover, a combination of αCD25-m2a and an αPD-L1 treatment augmented tumor eradication in mice, demonstrating the potential for αCD25 as a cancer immunotherapy.
Wavelength control through lateral device size in a 2×2 vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array fabricated using selective oxidation (2002)

To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the lasing wavelength control of a VCSEL through its lateral size, and is made possible with the index-guiding due to the selective oxidation. Because the selective oxidation provides an electrical insulator for device isolation, the technique is readily extended to larger scale processing, even denser device packing, and, depending on required wavelength separations, more elements. Further characterization data of far-field radiation patterns, thermal impedances, and electrical impedances, as well as processing details will be presented.
Self-Assembly of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Sunset Yellow and Effects of Ionic Additives (2008)

Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are formed by molecules with ionic groups at the periphery that associate into stacks through noncovalent self-assembly while in water. The very existence of the nematic (N) phase in the typical LCLC, the dye Sunset Yellow (SSY) is a puzzle, as the correlation length associated with the stacking, as measured in the X-ray experiments, is too short to explain the orientational order by the Onsager model. We propose that the aggregates can be more complex than simple rods and contain "stacking faults" such as junctions with a shift of neighboring molecules, 3-fold junctions, etc. We study how ionic additives, such as salts of different valency and pH-altering agents, alter the N phase of SSY purified by recrystallization. The additives induce two general trends: (a) stabilization of the N phase, caused by the mono and divalent salts (such as NaCl), and evidenced by the increase of the N-to-I transition temperature and the correlation length; (b) suppression of the N phase manifested in the decrease of the N-to-I transition temperature and in separation of the N phase into a more densely packed N phase or the columnar (C) phase, coexisting with a less condensed I phase. The scenario (b) can be triggered by simply increasing pH (adding NaOH). The effects produced by tetravalent spermine fall mostly into the category (b), but the detail depends on whether this additive is in its salt form or a free base form. The base form causes changes through changes in pH and possible excluded volume effects whereas the salt form might disrupt the structure of SSY aggregates.
Integrated Microbatteries for Implantable Medical Devices (2008)

Integrated microbatteries have been proposed to satisfy an anticipated need for long-life, low-rate primary batteries, having volumes less than 1 mm3, to power electronic circuitry in implantable medical devices. In one contemplated application, such a battery would be incorporated into a tubular hearing-aid device to be installed against an eardrum. This device is based on existing tube structures that have already been approved by the FDA for use in human ears. As shown in the figure, the battery would comprise a single cell at one end of the implantable tube. A small volume of Li-based primary battery cathode material would be compacted and inserted in the tube near one end, followed by a thin porous separator, followed by a pressed powder of a Li-containing alloy. Current-collecting wires would be inserted, with suitably positioned insulators to prevent a short circuit. The battery would contain a liquid electrolyte consisting of a Li-based salt in an appropriate solvent. Hermetic seals would be created by plugging both ends with a waterproof polymer followed by deposition of parylene.
Comparisons of Physical Cell ID Detection Methods with Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation for Millimeter-Wave Bands (2022)

In 5G cellular systems, millimeter-wave bands are anticipated to be deployed in dense small cells in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In downlink initial access, the carrier frequency offset (CFO) that depends on the frequency stability of a local oscillator of a set of user equipment (UE) is the most significant impairment for a UE to search the physical-layer cell identity (PCID) of the best cell site. This paper presents comparisons of PCID detection methods with CFO compensation using the synchronization signal block of the New Radio (NR) specifications for millimeter-wave bands. Link-level simulation results show that the fractional frequency offset and integer frequency offset estimation method based on cyclic prefix (CP) correlation achieves a higher PCID detection probability than that based on the cross-correlation between the received signal and the primary synchronization signal (PSS) sequence replicas on the condition that the UE frequency stability is 5 ppm for the subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz at the carrier frequency of 60 GHz. Moreover, we show based on system-level simulations that both methods achieve the PCID detection probability of 95% in a short PCID search time of less than approximately 200 ms.
Experimental Investigation of a Novel Membrane-Based Condensing Heat Exchanger for High Efficiency Furnaces (2021)

Building space heating consumes approximately one-third of all global natural gas end use. Higher-efficiency (i.e., condensing) furnaces constitute only about 30% of the annual furnace shipments in the United States because the condensing heat exchangers must use highly expensive, corrosion-resistant materials to be protected from acidic components in the furnace flue gas stream. Increasing the market share of high-efficiency furnaces will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study developed and tested a benchtop prototype of a novel membrane-based heat exchanger (MHX) for high-efficiency furnaces to achieve nonacidic condensation via nanoporous membranes. Test results show that both sensible and latent heat were recovered by the MHX, and the fraction of latent heat recovery ranged from about 25% to 45% over the range of operating conditions evaluated. The amount of water condensed through the MHX increased with the increase of flue gas flow rate and decreased with increasing coolant temperature. The fraction of latent heat recovery decreased with the increase of flue gas flow rate and coolant temperature. The pH value of condensed water from the MHX was only mildly acidic, varying from 5.3 to 5.6 without any additional treatment, about 2.0 to 2.3 pH points higher (i.e., less acidic) than typical values for the condensate from conventional condensing furnaces. Therefore, feasibility of the MHX was experimentally verified, and the MHX could enable wider market penetration of highly energy-efficient condensing furnaces by reducing costs associated with managing the acid condensation compared with conventional condensing furnaces, possibly enabling the use of existing vent systems when replacing noncondensing furnaces (due to higher flue gas exit temperatures), and possibly reducing furnace first costs.
Growth Kinetics and Short-Term Outcomes of cT1b and cT2 Renal Masses under Active Surveillance (2014)

Localized cT1b or larger renal masses show growth rates comparable to those of small tumors managed expectantly with a low rate of progression to metastatic disease at short-term followup. An initial period of active surveillance to determine tumor growth kinetics is a reasonable option in select patients with significant competing risks and limited life expectancy.
SERS Nanowire Chip and Machine Learning-Enabled Classification of Wild-Type and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria at Species and Strain Levels (2023)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health threat worldwide and the culture-based bacterial detection methods are slow. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used to identify target analytes in real time with sensitivity down to the single-molecule level, providing a promising solution for the culture-free bacterial detection. We report the fabrication of SERS substrates having tightly packed silver (Ag) nanoparticles loaded onto long silicon nanowires (Si NWs) grown by the metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) method for the detection of bacteria. The optimized SERS chips exhibited sensitivity down to 10<sup>-12</sup> M concentration of R6G molecules and detected reproducible Raman spectra of bacteria down to a concentration of 100 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, which is a thousand times lower than the clinical threshold of bacterial infections like UTI (10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL). A Siamese neural network model was used to classify SERS spectra from bacteria specimens. The trained model identified 12 different bacterial species, including those which are causative agents for tuberculosis and urinary tract infection (UTI). Next, the SERS chips and another Siamese neural network model were used to differentiate AMR strains from susceptible strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>). The enhancement offered by SERS chip-enabled acquisitions of Raman spectra of bacteria directly in the synthetic urine by spiking the sample with only 10<sup>3</sup> CFU/mL <i>E. coli</i>. Thus, the present study lays the ground for the identification and quantification of bacteria on SERS chips, thereby offering a potential future use for rapid, reproducible, label-free, and low limit detection of clinical pathogens.