gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TNF-α Inhibitors and Efalizumab for the Treatment of Skin Diseases [Internet] (2007)

BackgroundSkin diseases like psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum and Behcets disease are often chronic with the need for continuous treatment and follow-up. Traditional treatment like phototherapy or systemic therapy with ciclosporin, metotrexate and retinoids are not always effective or cause long-term side effects. New biological agents, which target pathologic T cell activity, have been developed. This report deals with the biological agents tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors (infliximab (Remicade®), adalimumab (Humira®), etanercept (Enbrel®) and efalizumab (Raptiva®) which is a T cell modulator.MethodsThe systematic review was performed according to procedures described in the Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Servicesf handbook. The work was carried out together with a review team of external professionals. The literature was identified by a systematic search in electronic databases. The pharmaceutical companies were also invited to dispatch documentation. A health economic consideration based on available literature was written. Results 26 publications were included in the report. 24 of the publications were on psoriasis, one on pyoderma gangrenosum and one on Behcets disease. Sixteen of the studies are RCTs and ten are follow-up studies or separate publications of the included RCTs. The results show that both the TNF-alpha inhibitors and efalizumab are significantly more effective than placebo for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis at week 10-12. The quality of life was also improved compared to placebo treatment. There is lack of RCTs concerning other skin diseases than psoriasis. Long term data for evaluation of adverse events were not identified, and conclusions regarding long-term safety cannot be drawn.ConclusionsThere is good evidence that TNF-alpha inhibitors and efalizumab are efficacious in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. We did not find studies comparing TNF-alpha inhibitors and efalizumab with traditional treatment. Limited data is available concerning safety in long-term use. One study on health economics performed in England indicates that etanercept and efalizumab are cost-effective for patients with severe psoriasis and low quality of life that responds well to the treatment.
Expedient Synthesis oft-Butyl Azide (1997)

Abstract A simple, economical synthesis of bulk (1 to 10,000 moles) quantities of t-butyl azide is described, utilizing only t-butyl alcohol, water, sodium azide, and sulfuric acid.
Lipopolysaccharide Evaluation in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Peritonitis (2020)

We observed LPS presence in all PD patients. In particular, our results demonstrated that LPS is significantly elevated in PD patients with GN peritonitis. Furthermore, pWBC and LPS levels increased proportionally in PD patients with peritonitis. Peritoneal and plasma LPS levels could be a useful marker for diagnosis and management of GN peritonitis in PD patients.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to the Synthesis of Precursors of Tricyclic β‐Lactam Antibiotics. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vacuum‐Assisted Technique to Modify the SR Method for Unidirectional Crystal Growth (2018)

Abstract The design and fabrication of a vacuum‐assisted Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) method is reported by making modifications in the original SR setup for the growth of bulk single crystals with selective orientation at room temperature using volatile solvents. Utilizing this technique, the growth of bulk‐sized and technologically important single crystals, such as KDP, TGS, ADP, and benzophenone, is demonstrated. The powder XRD patterns of the grown crystals are obtained so as to confirm the growth plane of each crystal. UV–visible spectra show good transparency in the entire visible region for the grown crystals. The crystalline perfection of the grown crystals is analyzed using HRXRD. This handy and cost‐effective technique will pave the way for the growth of single crystals satisfying the requirements of the photonic industry.
Erythromycin-inducible Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: Survey of Antibiotic Classes Involved (1969)

Certain erythromycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus remain sensitive to other macrolide antibiotics. If these strains are exposed to low levels of erythromycin, resistance to other antibiotics is induced. The antibiotics to which resistance is induced by erythromycin include: other macrolides as well as lincosaminide, streptogramin (group B) antibiotics but not chloramphenicol, amicetin, streptogramin (group A) antibiotics, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. Hence erythromycin induces resistance exclusively towards inhibitors of 50S ribosomal subunit function and, thus far, only with respect to three of six known classes of inhibitors which act on this subunit. In the four strains tested, erythromycin did not induce resistance to pactamycin or bottromycin, to fusidic acid (which inhibits a function involving both subunits), or to other antibiotics which do not inhibit ribosomal function. Thus, by inducing resistance erythromycin could antagonize the action of other antibiotics, and a consistent pattern of antagonism was observed to each antibiotic class in all of the strains in which this could be tested, as well as to other antibiotic members of the same chemical class in each bacterial strain.
Distributed intelligent sound processing system (2003)

Source localization of objects using sound waves and vibrations is very important for many applications that range from military to security and home automation systems. Typical applications include tracking a moving object in security systems, where the location of a sound is needed to direct a camera, or selecting the closest microphone to a speaker from a microphone array, as in the case of a voice automated home. The simpler cases of sound localization, as in the last example, are the focus of the project we present in this paper. The system described in the paper is designed around a master module for control and multiple intelligent sound processing modules (ISPM) with omnidirectional microphones, signal conditioning and digital signal processing. All modules are connected using a differential serial bus using a custom time division multiplexing (TDM) master/slave protocol. In this paper we describe the protocol, the theory of operation, and first experiences with the prototype system.
Pixel2Mesh++: 3D Mesh Generation and Refinement from Multi-View Images (2022)

We study the problem of shape generation in 3D mesh representation from a small number of color images with or without camera poses. While many previous works learn to hallucinate the shape directly from priors, we adopt to further improve the shape quality by leveraging cross-view information with a graph convolution network. Instead of building a direct mapping function from images to 3D shape, our model learns to predict series of deformations to improve a coarse shape iteratively. Inspired by traditional multiple view geometry methods, our network samples nearby area around the initial mesh's vertex locations and reasons an optimal deformation using perceptual feature statistics built from multiple input images. Extensive experiments show that our model produces accurate 3D shapes that are not only visually plausible from the input perspectives, but also well aligned to arbitrary viewpoints. With the help of physically driven architecture, our model also exhibits generalization capability across different semantic categories, and the number of input images. Model analysis experiments show that our model is robust to the quality of the initial mesh and the error of camera pose, and can be combined with a differentiable renderer for test-time optimization.
Engineering of Surface Proteins in Extracellular Vesicles for Tissue-Specific Targeting (2019)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have in the recent decades gained an important stand as vehicles enabling cell-to-cell transport and communication. With the advanced development towards their clinical use and increasing versatility of potential applications, improving their tissue-specific targeting in order to enhance their functionality in drug delivery opened as a challenging engineering field. In the past, the question of specific intercellular contact has been addressed by decoration of the EV surface with agents able of specific target recognition. An attractive possibility here is the modification of strongly overexpressed EV surface marker proteins towards recognition of target cells. As these proteins are involved in a plethora of biological functions in EV biogenesis, cargo targeting and intercellular transfer, a minimal impact on protein architecture upon modifications is desirable, which would also increase the stability of the exosomal preparation intended for therapeutic use. This chapter focuses on the possibilities of engineering of the EV marker proteins towards antigen-recognition units broadly applicable to endow EVs with tissue-targeting functionality.
In vivo near-infrared spectral detection of pressure-induced changes in breast tissue (2003)

A diffuse near-infrared tomography system was used to measure dynamic changes in the absolute optical properties of the human breast that were induced through pressure applied to the tissue surface. Results from five subjects show that absorption and scattering coefficients changed measurably when pressure was increased and that these relative changes correlated with the subjects' body-mass index, indicating that the effect depends on tissue composition. Fitting the absolute absorption and scattering coefficients at six wavelengths to the molar absorption spectra of the three predominant chromophores revealed that both the average total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation increased by 10%, while water concentration decreased by more than 12%. These changes indicate that the pressure-induced variation is likely due to water displacement and vascular volume increase in the region being imaged, for mild application of pressure to the breast. These results suggest that the pressure applied during optical measurements of tissue may alter the tissue physiology, and care should be taken to factor this effect into the design of optical medical instrumentation. In addition, the technique provides a unique approach to measuring tissue elastic changes in vivo in the female breast and may offer a new method for dynamic contrast imaging based on elasto-optical measurements.
Metrics for Lifetime Reliability (2006)

This work concerns appropriate metrics for evaluating microarchitectural enhancements to improve processor lifetime reliability. The most commonly used reliability metric is mean time to failure (MTTF). However, MTTF does not provide information on the reliability characteristics during the typical operational life of a processor, which is usually much shorter than the MTTF. An alternative to MTTF that provides more information to both the designer and the user is the time to failure of a small percentage, say n%, of the population, denoted by tn . Determining tn , however, requires knowledge of the distribution of processor failure times which is generally hard to obtain. In this paper, we show (1) how tn can be obtained and incorporated within previous architecture-level lifetime reliability tools, (2) how tn relates to MTTF using state-of-the-art reliability models, and (3) the impact of using MTTF instead of tn on reliability-aware design.&#13;\n&#13;\nWe perform our evaluation using RAMP 2.0, a state-of-the-art architecture-level tool for lifetime reliability measurements. Our analysis shows that no clear relationship between tn and MTTF is apparent across several architectures. Two populations with the same MTTF may have different tn , resulting in a difference in the number of failures in the same operational period. MTTF fails to capture such behavior and can thus be misleading. Further, when designing reliability-aware systems, using improvements in MTTF as a proxy for improvements in tn can lead to poor design choices. Depending on the application and the system, MTTF-driven designs may be over-designed (incurring unnecessary cost or performance overhead) or under-designed (failing to meet the required tn reliability target).
Designing Optimum One-Level Carry-Skip Adders (1993)

Abstruct- We show how to design one-level carry-skip adders that attain very high speeds in practice. One-level carry-skip adders are very fast adders that are hardly more complex than the much-slower ripple adders. Our design procedure allows the use of realistic component delays obtained by simulation, and is technology-independent. An example of a 64-bit, 1 pm CMOS adder is given, which achieves an add time of 6.23ns, measured by SPICE simulation with realistic loads. This delay figure excludes sum buffering delays, which depend on the particular application of the adder. The combination of high-speed and simplicity makes one-level carry-skip adders attractive for applications in highly parallel systems.
Beyond Domain APIs: Task-oriented Conversational Modeling with Unstructured Knowledge Access Track in DSTC9 (2021)

Most prior work on task-oriented dialogue systems are restricted to a limited coverage of domain APIs, while users oftentimes have domain related requests that are not covered by the APIs. This challenge track aims to expand the coverage of task-oriented dialogue systems by incorporating external unstructured knowledge sources. We define three tasks: knowledge-seeking turn detection, knowledge selection, and knowledge-grounded response generation. We introduce the data sets and the neural baseline models for three tasks. The challenge track received a total of 105 entries from 24 participating teams. In the evaluation results, the ensemble methods with different large-scale pretrained language models achieved high performances with improved knowledge selection capability and better generalization into unseen data.
Anodic and Cathodic Electrochemically Generated Chemiluminescence in Conjugated Polymers (2002)

In the present contribution, we show that long-lived electrochemically generated chemiluminescence (ECL) from conjugated polymers can be achieved in both anodic and cathodic polarizations of poly[2-(2′-ethylethoxy)-5-methoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH–PPV), when the appropriate electrochemical conditions are adopted and an adequate degree of purity for the active polymer, solvent, and supporting electrolyte is achieved. The quantum efficiency is generally higher during the anodic polarization of MEH–PPV, whereas the ECL vs. time profile depends on the nature of the supporting electrolyte. Such findings led to the conclusion that the kinetics of the doping/undoping processes in MEH–PPV represents a crucial factor in determining the emissive properties of the conjugated polymer. A comparison of the ECL emission from analogous polymeric systems, namely poly[2,5-bis-(triethoxymethoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (BTEM–PPV) and poly[2,3-dibutoxy-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (DB–PPV), is also reported.
An Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome among Hospital Workers in a Community Hospital in Hong Kong (2003)

Before isolation of all patients with clinically confirmed or suspected SARS, routine use of several protective devices, and training of staff in infection control, many health care workers were infected with SARS from patients with unsuspected cases.
Data Supplement from Efficient Identification of Mutated Cancer Antigens Recognized by T Cells Associated with Durable Tumor Regressions (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Fig. S1. Identification of dominant HLA-restriction element. Supplementary Fig. S2. TIL 2591 T cells recognize multiple known antigens. Supplementary Fig. S3. Gene structure of SERPINE2, DUSP12 and SLC24A5. Supplementary Fig. S4. SLC24A5 WT expression in normal tissue. Supplementary Fig. S5. Gene structure and DNA sequence chromatogram results of KIF2C and POLA2. Supplementary Table S1. Tandem minigene constructs for Mel 2359. Supplementary Table S2. Candidate binding peptides for mutated KIF2C. Supplementary Table S3. Tandem minigene constructs for Mel 2591. Supplementary Table S4. Candidate binding peptides for mutated POLA2.&lt;/p&gt;
Observation of arsenic precipitates in GaInAs grown at low temperature on InP (1993)

Single-crystal Ga1−xInxAs (x=0.4) grown on InP by molecular-beam epitaxy at low substrate temperatures (250–150 °C) has been examined by transmission electron microscopy. Arsenic precipitates were observed following an ex situ anneal at 550 °C. The precipitates coarsen during higher-temperature anneals at 600 and 700 °C. Microstructure dependence on the growth temperature was similar to that observed in low-temperature grown GaAs. Arsenic precipitate volume fraction increased with decreasing growth temperature, with a measured maximum value of ∼0.4%.
Retrobiosynthetic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Amino Acid Biosynthesis and Intermediary Metabolism. Metabolic Flux in Developing Maize Kernels (2001)

Information on metabolic networks could provide the basis for the design of targets for metabolic engineering. To study metabolic flux in cereals, developing maize (Zea mays) kernels were grown in sterile culture on medium containing [U-(13)C(6)]glucose or [1,2-(13)C(2)]acetate. After growth, amino acids, lipids, and sitosterol were isolated from kernels as well as from the cobs, and their (13)C isotopomer compositions were determined by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The highly specific labeling patterns were used to analyze the metabolic pathways leading to amino acids and the triterpene on a quantitative basis. The data show that serine is generated from phosphoglycerate, as well as from glycine. Lysine is formed entirely via the diaminopimelate pathway and sitosterol is synthesized entirely via the mevalonate route. The labeling data of amino acids and sitosterol were used to reconstruct the labeling patterns of key metabolic intermediates (e.g. acetyl-coenzyme A, pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate, erythrose 4-phosphate, and Rib 5-phosphate) that revealed quantitative information about carbon flux in the intermediary metabolism of developing maize kernels. Exogenous acetate served as an efficient precursor of sitosterol, as well as of amino acids of the aspartate and glutamate family; in comparison, metabolites formed in the plastidic compartments showed low acetate incorporation.
Abstract 4413: CDK6 overexpression promotes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer (2019)

Abstract CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are highly active therapies in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Unfortunately, tumor relapse on these agents is frequently encountered in clinical practice with limited data on the biologic mechanisms that can mediate resistance. We utilized cell line models, patient derived xenografts and patient samples to interrogate mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. A survey of genomic alterations associated with limited benefit of CDK4/6iidentified several alterations involving the Hippo pathway which could potentially impact CDK6 kinase expression. Immunohistochemistry from these patients revealed increased YAP nuclear translocation and high levels of CDK6 protein specifically in the group of patients with short progression-free survival (PFS) on CDK4/6i. A PDX model of acquired resistance to CDK4/6i also showed that prolonged treatment with CDK4/6i led to a subset of tumors that developed resistance, all of which showed Hippo pathway suppression and CDK6 upregulation. Finally, cell lines models exposed to CDK4/6i showed multiple clones that featured upregulation of CDK6 through suppression of the Hippo pathway or amplification of the CDK6 gene. Identifying CDK6 overexpression as a recurrent feature of CDK4/6i resistant tumors, we next investigated the function(s) of CDK6 in our models. We performed knockdown of CDK6 by shRNA and found its overexpression to be necessary for drug resistance in these models while reinforced CDK6 could restore resistance or confer resistance when overexpressed in naïve cells. Given the close homology of CDK4 and CDK6, we asked whether any differences might exist between CDK4 and CDK6 complexes, performing immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (IP-MS) and found CDK6 to bind a distinct partition of proteins from CDK4 including INK4 proteins. In vitro kinase assays revealed that INK4 proteins impaired the ability of CDK4/6i to block CDK6 activity. INK4 proteins were found to cooperate with CDK6 in mediating drug resistance as their knockdown restored drug sensitivity to resistant cells, while INK4 overexpression promoted resistance in CDK6-high cells. Taken together, the data revealed that high levels of a CDK6-INK4 complex to be a recurrent mechanism of resistance to CDK4/6i and suggest novel CDK6 inhibitors as a strategy to overcome resistance. Citation Format: Qing Li, Pedram Razavi, Zhiqiang Li, Arnaud F. Da Cruz Paula, Edi Brogi, Maurizio Scaltriti, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Sarat Chandarlapaty. CDK6 overexpression promotes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4413.
The Degree of Adeno-Associated Virus-Induced Retinal Inflammation Varies Based on Serotype and Route of Delivery: Intravitreal, Subretinal, or Suprachoroidal (2023)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy has great potential for treating a wide range of retinal degenerative diseases. However, some initial enthusiasm for gene therapy has been tempered by emerging evidence of AAV-associated inflammation, which in several instances has contributed to clinical trial discontinuation. Currently, there is a paucity of data describing the variable immune responses to different AAV serotypes, and similarly, little is known regarding how these responses differ depending on route of ocular delivery, including in animal models of disease. In this study, we characterize the severity and retinal distribution of AAV-associated inflammation in rats triggered by delivery of five different AAV vectors (AAV1, AAV2, AAV6, AAV8, and AAV9), each of which contained enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) driven under control of the constitutively active cytomegalovirus promoter. We further compare the inflammation across three different potential routes (intravitreal, subretinal, and suprachoroidal) of ocular delivery. Compared to buffer-injected controls for each route of delivery, AAV2 and AAV6 induced the most inflammation across all routes of delivery of vectors tested, with AAV6 inducing the highest levels of inflammation when delivered suprachoroidally. AAV1-induced inflammation was highest when delivered suprachoroidally, whereas minimal inflammation was seen with intravitreal delivery. In addition, AAV1, AAV2, and AAV6 each induce infiltration of adaptive immune cells like T cells and B cells into the neural retina, suggesting an innate adaptive response to a single dose of virus. AAV8 and AAV9 induced minimal inflammation across all routes of delivery. Importantly, the degree of inflammation was not correlated with vector-mediated transduction and expression of eGFP. These data emphasize the importance of considering ocular inflammation when selecting AAV serotypes and ocular delivery routes for the development of gene therapy strategies.