gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin Oxide Films by Atomic Layer Deposition on Graphene (2016)

ABSTRACT: In this paper, a method is presented to create and characterize mechanically robust, free-standing, ultrathin, oxide films with controlled, nanometer-scale thickness using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on graphene. Aluminum oxide films were deposited onto suspended graphene membranes using ALD. Subsequent etching of the graphene left pure aluminum oxide films only a few atoms in thickness. A pressurized blister test was used to determine that these ultrathin films have a Young’s modulus of 154 ± 13 GPa. This Young’s modulus is comparable to much thicker alumina ALD films. This behavior indicates that these ultrathin two-dimensional films have excellent mechanical integrity. The films are also impermeable to standard gases suggesting they are pinhole-free. These continuous ultrathin films are expected to enable new applications in fields such as thin film coatings, membranes, and flexible electronics.
Thymopoiesis in HIV-Infected Adults after Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2001)

The thymus of HIV-seropositive patients can enlarge as CD4+ T cell counts increase on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). This may indicate development of new T cells or represent mature peripheral T cells recirculating to the thymus. To define the etiology of the enlargement, the thymuses of two HIV-infected individuals on HAART were biopsied. For more than 3 years before initiation of HAART, both patients (38 and 41 years of age) had documented CD4+ T lymphopenia. Peripheral blood samples were obtained to assess circulating CD4+ CD45RA+ CD62L+ T cells, which were thought to have recently developed in the thymus. Peripheral blood T cells from both patients and thymocytes from the second patient were also tested for levels of DNA episomes formed during T cell receptor gene rearrangement (T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles, TRECs). With HAART, peripheral blood CD4+ T cell counts increased from approximately 60/mm(3) to 552/mm(3) and 750/mm(3) for patients 1 and 2, respectively. Thymic biopsies from both patients showed normal thymus histology with active thymopoiesis. Percentages of peripheral blood CD4+ CD45RA+ CD62L+ T cells and quantitation of T cell TRECs also reflected active thymopoiesis in both patients. Thus, in these two HIV-seropositive adults examined after initiation of HAART, thymic enlargement represented active thymopoiesis. Thymopoiesis in adult AIDS patients may contribute to immune reconstitution even after prolonged CD4+ T lymphopenia.
UltraFlex-175 Solar Array Technology Maturation Achievements for NASA's New Millennium Program (NMP) Space Technology 8 (ST8) (2006)

ATK Space Systems (ATK) in collaboration with the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and EMCORE Photovoltaics (EPV), is executing NASA's New Millennium Program (NMP) Space Technology 8 (ST8) Project Formulation Refinement Phase to develop and validate through spaceflight a state-of-th-art solar array system called UltraFlex-175. UltraFlex-175 is a highly evolved and scaled version of the previously flight qualified Mars 01-Lander UltraFlex and employs many advanced technologies. The UltraFlex-175 system promises very high specific power (175 W/g - 220 W/kg BOL), compact stowage volume (> 33 kW/m3), high reliability, scalability beyond 7 kW wing sizes, and operational capability for standard, high voltage, multi-A.U., and/or high temperature applications. Key technology maturation activities performed (deployment kinematics, deployed dynamics, and power productioon / survivability) that demonstrate TRL 5-6 achievement will be presented. Subsystem and system level design, development, experimental hardware builds, conducted testing and results, and analytical model correlation activities will be presented. Technology scale-up performance to 7 kW wing sizes and the planned UltraFlex-175 flight experiment will also be presented.
Facilitated Diagnosis of Pneumothoraces in Newborn Mice Using X-ray Dark-Field Radiography (2016)

The significant improvement in contrast ratios between lung parenchyma and free air in the dark-field images allows the facilitated detection of pneumothoraces in the newborn mouse. These preclinical experiments indicate the potential of the technique for future clinical applications.
Effects of Fulvic Acid on Uranium(VI) Sorption Kinetics (2013)

This study focuses on the effects of fulvic acid (FA) on uranium(VI) sorption kinetics to a silica sand. Using a tritium-labeled FA in batch experiments made it possible to investigate sorption rates over a wide range of environmentally relevant FA concentrations (0.37-23 mg L(-1) TOC). Equilibrium speciation calculations were coupled with an evaluation of U(VI) and FA sorption rates based on characteristic times. This allowed us to suggest plausible sorption mechanisms as a function of solution conditions (e.g., pH, U(VI)/FA/surface site ratios). Our results indicate that U(VI) sorption onto silica sand can be either slower or faster in the presence of FA compared to a ligand-free system. This suggests a shift in the underlying mechanisms of FA effects on U(VI) sorption, from competitive sorption to influences of U(VI)-FA complexes, in the same system. Changes in metal sorption rates depend on the relative concentrations of metals, organic ligands, and mineral surface sites. Hence, these results elucidate the sometimes conflicting information in the literature about the influence of organic matter on metal sorption rates. Furthermore, they provide guidance for the selection of appropriate sorption equilibration times for experiments that are designed to determine metal distribution coefficients (Kd values) under equilibrium conditions.
Applause Sound Detection with Low Latency (2009)

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on the detection of applause sounds in audio signals. It focuses on the processing of single microphone recordings in real-time with low latency. A particular concern is the intensity of the applause within the sound mixture and the influence of the interfering sounds on the recognition performance which is investigated experimentally. Well-known feature sets, feature processing and classification methods are compared. Additional low-pass filtering of the feature time series leads to the concept of sigma features and yields further improvements of the detection result.
Phosphonate-containing phospholipid analogs as tight-binding inhibitors of phospholipase-A2 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphonate-containing phospholipid analogs as tight-binding inhibitors of phospholipase-A2Wei. Yuan and Michael H. GelbCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2665–2666Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Abstract 3171: Deep-learning image-based features stratify risk in HER2- breast cancer patients (2021)

Abstract Background: Tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics are gaining acceptance as important biomarkers across all subtypes of breast cancer (BC). For example, stromal Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (sTILs) have been demonstrated to be predictive in triple-negative and HER2+ BC on immune therapies (Hudeček, 2020), and TILs have been associated with recurrence-risk in HER2- BC (Kolberg-Liedtke, 2020). However, standardizing TME biomarkers remains a challenge to these prognostic &amp; predictive studies (Kos, 2020). Methods: Diagnostic H&amp;E-stained pathology images from 506 HER2- breast cancer patients were acquired from TCGA sources. Pre-trained convolutional neural networks were used to classify each 100μm2 region as containing tumoral, stromal, and lymphocyte-infiltrated tissue as well as map their spatial co-distribution. Nine TME summary features were derived from these spatial maps, including total lymphocyte area, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (iTILs), stromal-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs), and tumor-adjacent lymphocytes (aTILs). Prognostic models relating these TME features to risk were fitted using Cox multiple-regression trained on 60% of patients and tested in the remaining 40%. Additional Cox models that incorporate seven standard clinicopathological features such as TNM staging, age, ethnicity, treatment type, and hormone-receptor status were also analyzed to establish independence of the TME features. Results: A prognostic model developed using 9 TME-summarizing features accurately stratified unseen patients (HR=0.67 p=0.002) into high-risk (N=95) and low-risk (N=107) categories. Interestingly, tumor-adjacent stroma was significantly associated with higher risk (proportional HR=1.02, p=0.005) whereas tumor-infiltrating stroma was associated with lower risk (proportional HR=0.97, p=0.02). Incorporating standard clinicopathological features increased prognostic performance in test patients (HR=0.63, p=0.0005). The prognostic effect of tumor-adjacent and tumor-infiltrating stroma remained significant in multiple regression with clinicopathological features (p=0.003 &amp; p=0.02 respectively). Conclusions: Here we present using machine-vision to automate and standardize describing the TME, as well as demonstrate the prognostic potential of these descriptions by successfully stratifying risk in HER2- breast cancer. These TME descriptions add independent prognostic power to standard clinicopathological features. Machine-vision tools that produce interpretable features such as this can inform current pathology practices, as well as provide facile and scalable biomarkers for clinical studies going forward. Citation Format: Mustafa I. Jaber, Liudmila Beziaeva, Stephen C. Benz, Shahrooz Rabizadeh, Patrick Soon-Shiong, Christopher W. Szeto. Deep-learning image-based features stratify risk in HER2- breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3171.
Suppression of Methemoglobin Formation by Glutathione in a Concentrated Hemoglobin Solution and in a Hemoglobin-Vesicle (1994)

Abstract The suppression of methemoglobin (metHb) formation by glutathione (GSH) is difficult because GSH is oxidized not only by the reduction of metHb, but also by oxygen to generate active oxygen species, such as superoxide (O2−•) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which contribute to metHb formation. An effective nonenzymatic reduction of metHb was achieved at a high concentration of Hb (40 wt%, 2.48 × 10−2 M subunits (1 M = 1 mol dm−3)) because the reduction of metHb was accelerated, and at a low partial pressure of oxygen (pO2 = 40 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa)) because the oxidation of GSH was effectively suppressed. Hb-vesicles, which encapsulate concentrated Hb (40 wt%, 2.48 × 10−2 M subunits), transport oxygen in the blood stream at relatively low pO2 (110 Torr in artery and 40 Torr in venous, 58 Torr in average). The rate of metHb formation in Hb-vesicles was effectively decreased from 3.8 × 10−7 to 1.6 × 10−7 M s−1 by coencapsulating GSH at 58 Torr.
Structural basis for oxygen degradation domain selectivity of the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (2016)

The response to hypoxia in animals involves the expression of multiple genes regulated by the αβ-hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). The hypoxia-sensing mechanism involves oxygen limited hydroxylation of prolyl residues in the N- and C-terminal oxygen-dependent degradation domains (NODD and CODD) of HIFα isoforms, as catalysed by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD 1-3). Prolyl hydroxylation promotes binding of HIFα to the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL)-elongin B/C complex, thus signalling for proteosomal degradation of HIFα. We reveal that certain PHD2 variants linked to familial erythrocytosis and cancer are highly selective for CODD or NODD. Crystalline and solution state studies coupled to kinetic and cellular analyses reveal how wild-type and variant PHDs achieve ODD selectivity via different dynamic interactions involving loop and C-terminal regions. The results inform on how HIF target gene selectivity is achieved and will be of use in developing selective PHD inhibitors.
Combination Therapy with Amantadine, Oseltamivir and Ribavirin for Influenza a Infection: Safety and Pharmacokinetics (2012)

TCAD therapy had similar PKs to each individual antiviral during monotherapy following a single dose and can be administered safely in immunocompromised patients.
Optical Design of the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) (2020)

This work describes the design and implementation of optics for EXCLAIM, the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping. EXCLAIM is a balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbon monoxide (CO) at redshifts $z&lt;1$ and ionized carbon ([CII]) at redshifts $z = 2.5-3.5$ to probe star formation over cosmic time in cross-correlation with galaxy redshift surveys. The EXCLAIM instrument is designed to observe at frequencies of $420$--$540$ GHz using six microfabricated silicon integrated spectrometers with spectral resolving power $R = 512$ coupled to kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). A completely cryogenic telescope cooled to a temperature below 5~K provides low-background observations between narrow atmospheric lines in the stratosphere. Off-axis reflective optics use a $90$-cm primary mirror to provide $4.2^\prime$ full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) resolution at the center of the EXCLAIM band over a field of view of $22.5^\prime$. Illumination of the $1.7$ K cold stop combined with blackened baffling at multiple places in the optical system ensure low ($&lt; -40$ dB) edge illumination of the primary to minimize spill onto warmer elements at the top of the dewar.
Optically Deformable Materials: Photoinduced Topographical Feature Development in Blueprinted Azobenzene‐Functionalized Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (Adv. Funct. Mater. 32/2016) (2016)

The photoinduced topographical deformation of azobenzene-functionalized liquid crystalline elastomers is reported by T.J. White and co-workers on page 5819. The authors report on the use of UV light irradiation to transform originally flat sheets into topographical surfaces. The photoinduced shape transformation and relaxation is shown to strongly depend on the azobenzene concentration as well as the network structure.
Esterification of Acrylic Acid and n-Butanol in a Pilot-Scale Reactive Distillation Column—Experimental Investigation, Model Validation, and Process Analysis (2012)

Due to a high risk of polymerization and complex thermodynamic behavior of the chemical system, the current production process for n-butyl acrylate synthesis is cost-intensive and challenging. Reactive distillation integrates chemical reactions and distillation into one unit at the same time and is one of the best-known examples of process intensification. To facilitate industrial application of this concept for the production of n-butyl acrylate, reliable experimental data are required. This article presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of the synthesis of n-butyl acrylate using reactive distillation. Experiments were conducted in a pilot-scale reactive distillation column, and the decisive operational parameters were varied. To predict the experimental results, a nonequilibrium-stage model was applied and the model was validated using the experimental data. The validated model was then used to perform a process analysis, showing trends in the conversion of acrylic acid and n-butanol and the purity of n-butyl acrylate that can be used for prospective optimization studies.
Characterization of high-strength cement paste with pristine graphite and heptane-graphite emulsion (2016)

Heptane-graphite emulsion or pristine non-oxide graphite was incorporated into high-strength cement paste (HSC) using either a standard paddle mixer or a non-contact low-frequency acoustic resonance mixing technology by ResonantAcoustic® Mixing (RAM), Inc. Compression tests according to ASTM C109 and three-point bending tests were performed at 3 and 7 days as well as at equivalent 28 days by accelerated heat steam curing. A decrease in compressive and flexural strength with the heptane-graphite emulsion was found, while results were inconclusive for compressive strength. Additionally, pristine graphene results with the paddle mixer did not show any improvement either. However, when mixed with acoustic resonance mixing technology 7 day flexural results for pristine, non-oxide powdered graphite in high strength cement paste showed a 73% improvement in flexural strength compared to HSC.
Simultaneous Estimation of Intake and Residual Mass Using In-Cylinder Pressure in an Engine with Negative Valve Overlap (2016)

This work presents a new method for the simultaneous estimation of the intake and residual mass in an engine operating with negative valve overlap. The method exclusively uses the in-cylinder pressure information and no additional measurement is needed. It is based on the determination of the total mass through the pressure resonance in the cylinder and the assumption of a polytropic expansion of the gas during the exhaust stroke for determining the residual gases. The method has been demonstrated on an engine with negative valve overlap operating in SI, SACI and HCCI combustion. The results show that the proposed method can provide good mass estimations in most cycles in HCCI and SACI combustion, and in lightly knocking cycles while operating in SI combustion.
Characterization of Critical Volume for Percolation in Sn/Si Bimetallic Cluster Assemblies with Various Packing Fractions (2014)

Sn1−x/Six cluster assembled films were prepared using a plasma-gas-condensation cluster beam deposition apparatus by energetic cluster impact deposition, and their conductivities were measured for various compositional ratios and packing fractions f. We found that the electrical conductivity σ of Sn1−x/Six cluster assembled films obeys a power law of the Sn concentration pSn. The marked change at approximately pSn = pc, indicates that the percolation of Sn clusters takes place at the threshold value pc. Moreover, we successfully demonstrated using Sn1−x/Six cluster assembled films with various f values that the critical volume fractions of a percolating object, vc = fpc, can be invariant with respect to f.
Wideband Electrically Pumped 1050-nm MEMS-Tunable VCSEL for Ophthalmic Imaging (2015)

In this paper, we present a 1050-nm electrically pumped microelectromechanically tunable vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (MEMS-VCSEL) with a record dynamic tuning bandwidth of 63.8 nm, suitable for swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging. These devices provide reduced cost and complexity relative to previously demonstrated optically pumped devices by obviating the need for a pump laser and associated hardware. We demonstrate ophthalmic SS-OCT imaging with the electrically-pumped MEMS-VCSEL at a 400 kHz axial scan rate for wide-field imaging of the in vivo human retina over a 12 mm × 12 mm field and for OCT angiography of the macula over 6 mm × 6 mm and 3 mm × 3 mm fields to show retinal vasculature and capillary structure near the fovea. These results demonstrate the feasibility of electrically pumped MEMS-VCSELs in ophthalmic instrumentation, the largest clinical application of OCT. In addition, we estimate that the 3 dB coherence length in air is 225 ± 51 m, far greater than required for ophthalmic SS-OCT and suggestive of other distance ranging applications.
PFA ependymoma-associated protein EZHIP inhibits PRC2 activity through a H3 K27M-like mechanism (2019)

ABSTRACT Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are essential for development and are frequently misregulated in human cancers. Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC1, PRC2) function in a collaborative epigenetic cross-talk with H3K27me3 to initiate and maintain transcriptional silencing. Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) have extremely low H3K27me3 levels mediated by H3 K27M oncohistone. Posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymomas also exhibit very low H3K27 methylation but lack the K27M oncohistone. Instead, PFA tumors express high levels of EZHIP (Enhancer of Zeste Homologs Inhibitory Protein, also termed CXORF67 ). We find that a highly conserved sequence within the C-terminus of EZHIP is necessary and sufficient to inhibit the catalytic activity of PRC2 in vitro and in vivo . Our biochemical experiments indicate that EZHIP directly interacts with the active site of the EZH2 subunit in a mechanism that is remarkably similar to the K27M oncohistone. Furthermore, expression of H3 K27M or EZHIP in cells promote similar chromatin profiles: loss of broad H3K27me3 domains, but retention of H3K27me3 at the sites of PRC2 recruitment. Importantly, we find that H3K27me3-mediated allosteric activation of PRC2 substantially increases the inhibition potential of EZHIP and H3 K27M, providing a potential mechanism for loss of H3K27me3 spreading from CpG islands in vivo . Our data indicate that PFA ependymoma and DIPG are driven in part by the action of peptidyl PRC2 inhibitors– the K27M oncohistone and the EZHIP ‘oncohistone-mimic’– that dysregulate gene silencing to promote tumorigenesis.
Effect of Temperature Dependent Properties on the Applicability of the Heat Conduction Equations for Rapid Heat Deposition Applications (2016)

Despite significant efforts examining the suitability of the proper form of the heat transfer partial differential equation (PDE) as a function of the time scale of interest (e.g. seconds, picoseconds, femtoseconds, etc.), very little work has been done to investigate the millisecond-microsecond regime. This paper examines the differences between the parabolic and one of the hyber-bolic forms of the heat conduction PDE that govern the thermal energy conservation on these intermediate timescales. Emphasis is given to the types of problems where relatively fast heat flux deposition is realized. Specifically, the classical parabolic form is contrasted against the lesser known Cattaneo-Vernotte hyperbolic form. A comparative study of the behavior of these forms over various pulsed conditions are applied at the center of a rectangular plate. Further emphasis is given to the variability of the solutions subject to constant or temperature-dependent thermal properties. Additionally, two materials, Al-6061 and refractory Nb1Zr, with widely varying thermal properties, were investigated.