gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid intravascular imaging: recent advances, technical considerations, and current applications in the study of plaque pathophysiology (2016)

Cumulative evidence from histology-based studies demonstrate that the currently available intravascular imaging techniques have fundamental limitations that do not allow complete and detailed evaluation of plaque morphology and pathobiology, limiting the ability to accurately identify high-risk plaques. To overcome these drawbacks, new efforts are developing for data fusion methodologies and the design of hybrid, dual-probe catheters to enable accurate assessment of plaque characteristics, and reliable identification of high-risk lesions. Today several dual-probe catheters have been introduced including combined near infrared spectroscopy-intravascular ultrasound (NIRS-IVUS), that is already commercially available, IVUS-optical coherence tomography (OCT), the OCT-NIRS, the OCT-near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) molecular imaging, IVUS-NIRF, IVUS intravascular photoacoustic imaging and combined fluorescence lifetime-IVUS imaging. These multimodal approaches appear able to overcome limitations of standalone imaging and provide comprehensive visualization of plaque composition and plaque biology. The aim of this review article is to summarize the advances in hybrid intravascular imaging, discuss the technical challenges that should be addressed in order to have a use in the clinical arena, and present the evidence from their first applications aiming to highlight their potential value in the study of atherosclerosis.
Mechanism of Nitridation of Silicon Powder in a Fluidized‐Bed Reactor (1996)

Direct nitridation of 400 μm average‐sized silicon granules, composed of 2 μm average‐sized particles, was carried out in a fluidized‐bed reactor. Nitridation progress was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM photomicrographs suggested that the formation of surface nitride layers on individual silicon particles and the subsequent spallation of these layers were the dominant process of the direct nitridation of silicon. The spallation was modeled based on a simple crack theory, and the critical thickness of nitride layers leading to spallation was estimated to be 57 nm. This agreed reasonably well with the experimentally observed values of 20–100 nm.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROCUTTING FORCE VARIATION IN ULTRAPRECISION DIAMOND TURNING (2001)

An investigation of the characteristics of microcutting forces in diamond turning of crystalline materials is presented. The characteristics of the cutting forces were extracted and analyzed using statistical and spectrum analysis methods. A series of cutting experiments were done on a copper alloy and copper single crystals with different crystallographic orientations. Experimental results indicate that there exists a dominant frequency component and a periodicity of fluctuation of the cutting forces per workpiece revolution in the diamond turning of a single crystal material. The periodicity is closely related to the crystallographic orientation of the material being cut. As the depth of cut increases, the influence of crystallographic orientation of the single-crystal materials on microcutting forces is found to be more pronounced. Moreover, the cutting force ratio between the mean thrust force and the mean cutting force is found to vary with the depth of cut, and a large ratio was observed at a small depth of cut. These findings help to explain quantitatively the periodic fluctuations of microcutting forces (and hence the materials-induced vibration) in ultraprecision diamond turning, which are not encountered in conventional machining.
Decoupled control of a 4-leg inverter via a new 4×4 transformation matrix (2003)

Four-leg (3-phase 4-wire) inverters are developed to power unbalanced/nonlinear three-phase loads. A unique 4/spl times/4 decoupling transformation matrix is used that enables direct transformation between the four degree-of-freedom (DOF) leg-modulation space of the inverter and its corresponding 3-DOF output-voltage v space. This is analogous to the well-known 3/spl times/3 "abc-qd" transformation developed for the 3-leg inverter. Details of this new 4/spl times/4 "Quad" transform are provided, along with a depiction of the voltage-vectors produced. Advanced synchronous-frame control techniques are applied with this 4-to-3 "abcn-qdo" transform to create a UPS-style inverter with sinewave output. Experimental results for an 8.6 kV a prototype inverter are presented.
ACOUSTICS2008/929 Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers for generation of highly directional sound with a parametric array (2008)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) with vacuum-sealed cavities have been fabricated and used to project directional sound using parametric arrays. The wafer bonding approach used to fabricate the CMUTs provides good control over device dimensions, a single-crystal silicon membrane that has predictable mechanical properties, and the capability to fabricate CMUTs with large-diameter membranes and deep cavities. The fabricated CMUTs are about 8 cm in diameter and comprise 284 circular membranes, each 4 mm in diameter. Testing of CMUTs with 40-µm and 60-µm-thick membranes shows they have center frequencies of 46 kHz and 55 kHz and 3-dB bandwidths of 1.9 kHz and 5.3 kHz, respectively. With application of DC bias voltages of 380 V and 350 V and an AC excitation of 200 V peak-to-peak, the devices generate eective source levels of 139 dB and 131 dB (re 20 µPa), respectively. We used the CMUT design with a 60-µm-thick membrane to produce 5 kHz sound at 3 m with a 6-dB beamwidth of 8.7 deg and a sound pressure level of 58 dB. The results demonstrate that large-area CMUTs, which produce high pressure ultrasound, can be fabricated for transmitting directional sound with parametric arrays. [Work supported by DARPA.]
Presentation: Geologic History of Texas: The Making of Texas Over 1.5 Billion Years (2000)

As you travel along Texas highways or hike through state or federal parks, do you wonder why there are different rocks in different areas? Or if an area has always looked like it does now? Or why certain mineral resources like oil are produced in certain parts of the state? Geology is the study of the nature and origin of the Earth, including the processes that have created it over long periods of time. Geologists use modern environments and processes to help interpret the Earth’s history as recorded by ancient rocks. Climate has major effects on the formation of many sedimentary rock types; therefore, local and global climatic environments are recorded in the rocks. Understanding the processes and rates of movement of the Earth’s plates allows reconstruction of the relative plate positions at different times in Earth history. Geologic history of Texas is recorded in the rocks that are exposed throughout the state and fill the many subsurface sedimentary basins. These rocks document a changing land surface that began more than a billion years ago. Texas has been the site of explosive volcanoes, strong earthquakes, major mountain ranges, vast deserts, evaporating salt basins, tropical forests, river and delta systems, tropical seas and barrier reefs, and beaches and barrier islands. Erosion of highlands filled subsiding sedimentary basins and adjacent continental margins. Colliding plates deformed, metamorphosed, and uplifted these materials to complete the rock cycle. Texas’ abundant and varied mineral resources (oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, metals, groundwater, limestone, salt, gypsum, clays, and soils) are products of these geologic events.
Personalized risk stratification for patients with early prostate cancer (PRONTO): A Canadian team biomarker project. (2018)

109 Background: Current practice stratifies men with prostate cancer into risk groups based primarily on Gleason grade. When applied to biopsy samples, the Gleason grading is inaccurate due to sampling error and inter-observer variation. The result is that men either receive unnecessary surgical treatment, or they don’t receive adequate treatment, leading to worse outcomes. Previously published genomic tests have not successfully distinguished indolent low grade (G6 or GG1) cancers from their more aggressive intermediate grade (G7 or GG2 and 3) counterparts. PRONTO is specifically aimed at creating a multi-modal risk stratification tool to improve treatment stratification following a core biopsy diagnosis. Methods: PRONTO links 7 projects, each with novel diagnostic assays for risk stratification that focus on analysis of copy number variations (CNV), DNA hypermethylation, trans-differentiation, cancer metabolism, or the tumor microenvironment. We merged the best transcripts from each project into a single NanoString gene expression assay, measuring 393 transcripts, in a cohort of 365 cases of radical prostatectomy from low-to-intermediaterisk patients. To minimize sampling error, we took multiple samples, and obtained high grade, low grade and benign areas for each radical prostatectomy case. Results: Our primary goal was to develop a multivariate molecular classifier of grade that distinguished G6 from G7 (3+4 or 4+3). Cases were randomly partitioned into five equally sized groups. A supervised machine learning algorithm (random forests) was trained on samples from four of the groups, and then evaluated by testing on the fifth group. This process was repeated for each of the five groups, yielding a combined clinical and molecular classifier. DNA methylation profiles and CNV profiles are currently being integrated into our classifier Conclusions: We have developed a multivariate classifier that distinguishes low grade from intermediate grade prostate cancer. It will be clinically validated in biopsy samples from large cohorts of early prostate cancer patients.
Croatian initial experience with the suitability of the ICIDH for classifying health status (1995)

As consequences of disease and disorders cannot be expressed with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) was tested on a data sample of 1800 persons from the Croatian Register of Psychophysical Development Disorders and Other Disabilities (CRPDOD). Persons with either a visceral impairment, skeletal impairment, disfiguring impairment or one from the group of generalized, sensory and other impairments, were selected. Despite favourable results some amendments are suggested. These involve several examples of coding practice, modified elaboration of consciousness and continence impairments, newly created categories and subcategories in classifications I and D, as well as common codes for cases having several disability categories simultaneously.
Novel method to assess the impact of aging and sun exposure on skin morphology by optical coherence tomography (2021)

Intrinsic and extrinsic aging of human skin induces significant morphological changes to its surface. The most prominent and important feature in cosmetics and dermatology is the alteration of the wrinkles. Roughness parameters (Ra, Rmax) described by DIN/ISO disregard the skin’s micro-structure. Hence, we introduce an alternative method of skin roughness evaluation by analyzing the size and shape of micro-structures using optical coherence tomography. Measurements of young and elderly subjects were acquired. The skin of elderly subjects showed a decrease in micro-structures compared to the skin of young subjects which was predominated by triangular shapes, whereas rhomboids prevail among the elderly.
Capillary driven separation on patterned surfaces (2009)

Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a powerful bimodal separation scheme [1] based on fluid flow through regular obstacle arrays that in its basic embodiment sends suspended particles in two different directions as a function of size. We show that without the need to seal devices and without the need for fluidic connections or pumps, particle separation can be achieved by the passive flow of a sample over a patterned surface. Risk of clogging is minimized by the movement of large particles above the obstacle array. Suitable application areas include blood fractionation and analysis of drinking water. 0
Catalytic Cycle of a Divanadium Complex with Salen Ligands in O2Reduction:  Two-Electron Redox Process of the Dinuclear Center (salen =N,N‘-Ethylenebis(salicylideneamine)) (1996)

In an attempt to provide confirmation for the postulated mechanism of O2 reduction in vanadium-mediated oxidative polymerization of diphenyl disulfide, a series of divanadium complexes containing salen ligand (salen = N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneamine)) were prepared, characterized, and subjected to reactivity studies toward dioxygen. A divanadium(III, IV) complex, [(salen)VOV(salen)][I3] (II), was yielded both by treatments of solutions of [(salen)VOV(salen)][BF4]2 (I) in acetonitrile with excess tetrabutylammonium iodide and by electroreduction of I followed by anion exchange with tetrabutylammonium triiodide. The complex II was characterized by a near-infrared absorption at 7.2 × 103 cm-1 (ε = 60.1 M-1 cm-1 in acetonitrile) assigned to an intervalence transfer band. A crystallographically determined V(III)−V(IV) distance of 3.569(4) Å is consonant with the classification of II as a weakly coupled Type II mixed-valence vanadium (α = 3.0 × 10-2). Oxidation of the cation [(salen)VOV(salen)]+ with O2 in dichloromethane yielded spontaneously the deep blue, mixed valent, divanadium(IV, V) species [(salen)VOVO(salen)]+ which was structurally characterized both as its triiodide (III) and perchlorate (IV) salts. Crystal data for III: triclinic space group P1̄ (no. 2), a = 14.973(2) Å, b = 19.481(2) Å, c = 14.168(2) Å, α = 107.00 (1)°, β = 115.56(1)°, γ = 80.35(1)°, V = 3561.3(9) Å3, Z = 4, Dcalc = 1.953 g/cm3, μ (MoKα) = 31.74 cm-1, final R = 0.057 and Rw = 0.065. Crystal data for IV: triclinic space group P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.923(3) Å, b = 14.25(1) Å, c = 11.368(7) Å, α = 112.92(5)°, β = 92.76(4)°, γ = 99.13(4)°, V = 1743(1) Å3, Z = 2, Dcalc = 1.537 g/cm3, μ (CuKα) = 57.69 cm-1, final R = 0.042 and Rw = 0.061. The complexes III and IV were deoxygenated in strongly acidic nonaqueous media to produce [(salen)VOV(salen)]3+ as a high-valent complex whose reversible two-electron redox couple (VOV3+/VOV+) at 0.44V vs Ag/AgCl has been confirmed. Its ability to serve as a two-electron oxidant provided a unique model of a multielectron redox cycle in oxidative polymerization.
TABLE 3 from Phase I Trial of Autologous RNA-electroporated cMET-directed CAR T Cells Administered Intravenously in Patients with Melanoma and Breast Carcinoma (2023)

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Weld‐line characteristics in short fiber reinforced thermoplastics (1991)

Abstract Fibers can greatly improve the mechanical properties of polymers but may also severely weaken molded parts at their weld‐line compared to their bulk strength. The tensile properties and fiber orientation of injection and compression molded fiber reinforced Noryl and polypropylene samples with and without a weld‐zone were studied. Distinct differences in structure and mechanical properties of weld‐containing and weld‐free samples were identified. In unfilled Noryl and unfilled polypropylene, the presence of a weld‐line was found to only have a small effect on the tensile strength and modulus, while in the corresponding fiber reinforced systems, orientation of the fibrous reinforcement parallel to the weld‐line caused a significant reduction of the tensile strength compared to the weld‐free products. The strength ratio of welded and unwelded specimens was found to decrease with increasing fiber concentration. Quantitative determination of the glass fiber orientation distribution within the weld‐line region and in the bulk was carried out by analyzing photomicrographs of polished sections at desired locations.
Supramolecular engineering of 1-D nanomaterials by self-assembly of artificial amyloid proteins (2018)

International audience
Nondestructive Analysis of Lignin Structure by NMR Spectroscopy of Specifically 13C-Enriched Lignins. Part 1. Solid State Study of Ginkgo Wood (2002)

Summary Guaiacyl-type lignin is the major component of ginkgo lignin. Specific 13 c-enrichment of α, β and γ-carbons of the guaiacylpropane side chains was achieved by administration of coniferin-[α 13 C], coniferin-[β- 13 C] and coniferin-[γ 13 C], respectively, to growing stems of ginkgo trees. Unenriched coniferin was administered as a control. The xylem tissues containing specifically 13 C-enriched lignins or unenriched lignin were subjected to analysis by solid state NMR. Subtraction of the spectrum of tissue containing unenriched lignin from the spectra of tissues containing 13 C-enriched lignins gave difference spectra exclusively assigned to the enriched side chain carbons of intact protolignin in the cell walls. From the signal intensities determined under quantitative conditions and an estimate of corresponding standard uncertainties, the percentage ranges of the major inter-unit lignin bonds originating from the β-carbon of the coniferin precursor were estimated to be: β-O-4/α-O-R (R = H, polysaccharides or lignols) including β-OH, 53% to 57%; combined β-5, β-β and β-1, 32% to 36%; coniferaldehyde end groups, 2% to 4%; and coniferyl alcohol end groups, 4% to 6%.
1726 Integrating established clinical scores with a novel transcriptomic severity classifier augments early risk assessment in the ED (2022)

Aims, Objectives and Background Reliable risk assessment in patients presenting to emergency departments (ED) with suspected infection is of utmost importance to support clinical decisions. Vital sign-based scoring systems such as NEWS2 or qSOFA enable a rapid first assessment of patient urgency at triage. However, their inherent high sensitivity might drive over-utilization of healthcare resources. Our aim was to evaluate if adding the result of a transcriptomic severity classifier can synergistically improve current score-based risk assessment in the ED. Method and Design We performed a secondary analysis of a patient cohort (n=312) enrolled in the Charité University hospital ED (Berlin, Germany) with suspected infection and at least one vital sign alteration. The expression of 29-host mRNAs in PAXgene-stabilized whole blood was quantified using NanoString nCounter® SPRINT. The proprietary machine learning classifier IMX-SEV-3 was applied to calculate a score that falls into pre-defined interpretation bands: low/moderate/high severity. NEWS2 and qSOFA were documented on admission and combined with the classifier results to analyze the incidence of two clinical endpoints: ‘need for critical care’ (composite of need for ventilation, dialysis, and/or vasopressors) within 7d and ‘28d mortality’. Results and Conclusion Among enrolled patients, 22 (7.1%) died and 66 (21.1%) required ICU-level care. Of patients with a high NEWS2 (≥5 points; n=184), there was a stepwise increase in mortality among the low (0%; n=0/47), medium (10.1%; n=12/119) and high (44.4% n=8/18) IMX-SEV-3 severity subgroups. A similar stratification was achieved across the low (17%), moderate (31%), and high (61%) IMX-SEV-3 subgroups for prediction of critical care. More granular risk stratification could also be confirmed when using IMX-SEV-3 in combination with high qSOFA (≥2 points; n=76): 0/10.6/50% mortality and 23.5/40.4/66% need for critical care in the low/moderate/high subgroups, respectively. In summary, the combined use of immune-based IMX-SEV-3 results for ED patients with high clinical scores allows improved prediction of mortality and the need for critical care.
Data from Organic Cation Transporters Modulate the Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Picoplatin, a Third-Generation Platinum Analogue (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Picoplatin, a third-generation platinum agent, is efficacious against lung cancers that are otherwise resistant or become refractory during platinum treatment. This effort was aimed at the determination of the influence of organic cation transporters 1, 2, and 3 (OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3) and their genetic variants on cellular uptake of picoplatin and on the individual components of the ensuing cytotoxicity such as DNA adduct formation. The effect of OCT1 on picoplatin pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy was determined using OCT knockout mice and HEK293 xenografts stably expressing OCT1. The uptake and DNA adduct formation of picoplatin were found to be significantly enhanced by the expression of the OCTs. Expression of OCT1 and OCT2, but not OCT3, significantly enhanced picoplatin cytotoxicity, which was reduced in the presence of an OCT inhibitor. Common reduced functional variants of OCT1 and OCT2 led to reduction in uptake and DNA adduct formation of picoplatin in comparison with the reference OCT1 and OCT2. Pharmacokinetic parameters of picoplatin in &lt;i&gt;Oct1&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Oct1&lt;sup&gt;+/+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; mice were not significantly different, suggesting that the transporters do not influence the disposition of the drug. In contrast, the volume of OCT1-expressing xenografts in mice was significantly reduced by picoplatin treatment, suggesting that OCT1 may enhance the antitumor efficacy of picoplatin. These studies provide a basis for follow-up clinical studies that would seek to examine the relationship between the anticancer efficacy of picoplatin and expression levels of OCTs and their genetic variants in tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 1058–69. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Advances in systemic delivery of anti-cancer agents for the treatment of metastatic cancer (2016)

Improving specificity of action, and engaging the immune system appear to be key goals in the development of novel or reformulated anti-cancer agents for the treatment of metastatic cancer. One of the largest areas of opportunity in this field will be the identification of robust predictive biomarkers for use in conjunction with these agents. Treatment regimens that combine an agent to elicit an immune response (such as an oncolytic virus), and an agent to potentiate/mediate that immune response (such as immune checkpoint inhibitors) are predicted to be more effective than treatment with either agent alone.
A Highly Active Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Heteroaryl Compounds (2006)

Ein Muster an Aktivität: Pd-Katalysatoren mit sperrigen (Dialkylphosphanyl)biaryl-Liganden erwiesen sich als sehr stabil und aktiv in Suzuki-Miyaura-Reaktionen von Heteroarylhalogeniden mit Heteroarylboronsäuren oder -estern (z. B. 3- oder 4-Pyridin-, Indol- oder N-geschützte Pyrrolderivaten). Das Katalysatorsystem wird durch stark basische Aminopyridine oder Aminopyrimidine nicht inhibiert. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z600493_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Building an end-to-end data science pipeline with deep learning for radar data analytics (2021)

Our mission is to bring geophysical analysis into the digital age. We want to achieve this by creating a completely new approach to ground penetrating radars; delivering a solution that will be faster, cheaper, easier to use and most importantly – the data obtained will be of unprecedented quality, allowing for a more detailed look under the ground. We are creating not only innovative radar hardware but also data processing software based on a new approach to geophysics. In this paper, we briefly describe the spectral ground penetrating radar and we show some differences between it and classical ground penetrating radars. We also present our approach to the multidimensional radar data analytics. We give an overview of the solution architecture, which allows the use of classical signal processing algorithms as well as the state-of-the-art deep learning frameworks used for complex data analytical tasks and we also present our results obtained with the simulated radar runs.