gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors with nickel-titanium oxide by sol-gel spin-coating and nitrogen implantation (2011)

Polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) have attracted much attention because of the different applications, such as driving circuits of the active matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-LCDs) and those of the active matrix organic light emitting diode displays (AM-OLEDs) [1, 2]. Nickel-titanium oxide (NiTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) deposited by physical vapor deposition was introduced to be a high dielectric constant material [3]. It has been reported that NiTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> could be the gate dielectric of poly-Si TFTs by sol-gel spin-coating previously [4]. However, to improve the electrical performance and reliability of poly-Si TFTs, defect passivation such as hydrogen plasma treatment to create Si-H bonds is usually needed. Unfortunately, the weak Si-H bonds tend to degrade device reliability under long-term electrical operation. In this paper, high performance N-type poly-Si TFTs is demonstrated by taking advantage of the high-κ NiTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate dielectric by sol-gel spin-coating and nitrogen ion implantation technique.
Erratum: “Kinetically controlled, adhesiveless transfer printing using microstructured stamps” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 113502 (2009)] (2009)

First Page
Minimizing embedding impact in steganography using trellis-coded quantization (2010)

In this paper, we propose a practical approach to minimizing embedding impact in steganography based on syndrome coding and trellis-coded quantization and contrast its performance with bounds derived from appropriate rate-distortion bounds. We assume that each cover element can be assigned a positive scalar expressing the impact of making an embedding change at that element (single-letter distortion). The problem is to embed a given payload with minimal possible average embedding impact. This task, which can be viewed as a generalization of matrix embedding or writing on wet paper, has been approached using heuristic and suboptimal tools in the past. Here, we propose a fast and very versatile solution to this problem that can theoretically achieve performance arbitrarily close to the bound. It is based on syndrome coding using linear convolutional codes with the optimal binary quantizer implemented using the Viterbi algorithm run in the dual domain. The complexity and memory requirements of the embedding algorithm are linear w.r.t. the number of cover elements. For practitioners, we include detailed algorithms for finding good codes and their implementation. Finally, we report extensive experimental results for a large set of relative payloads and for different distortion profiles, including the wet paper channel.
Molecular epidemiologic features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of various ribotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from humans and ruminants (2001)

Automated ribotyping with Pvull discriminated more isolates than in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. In combination, both tests provided more information than either test alone. Given the greater prevalence and geographic distribution of multihost ribotypes, immunocompromised humans and lactating ruminants may have a greater risk for disease if exposed to multihost P aeruginosa ribotypes, compared with single-host ribotypes.
Miniature Ion-Array Spectrometer (2006)

A figure is shown that depicts a proposed miniature ion-mobility spectrometer that would share many features of design and operation of the instrument described in another article. The main differences between that instrument and this one would lie in the configuration and mode of operation of the filter and detector electrodes. A filter electrode and detector electrodes would be located along the sides of a drift tube downstream from the accelerator electrode. These electrodes would apply a combination of (1) a transverse AC electric field that would effect differential transverse dispersal of ions and (2) a transverse DC electric field that would drive the dispersed ions toward the detector electrodes at different distances along the drift tube. The electric current collected by each detector electrode would be a measure of the current, and thus of the abundance of the species of ions impinging on that electrode. The currents collected by all the detector electrodes could be measured simultaneously to obtain continuous readings of abundances of species. The downstream momentum of accelerated ions would be maintained through neutralization on the electrodes; the momentum of the resulting neutral atoms would serve to expel gases from spectrometer, without need for a pump.
58.4: A Handheld Mini‐Projector Using LED Light Sources (2005)

Abstract We have built a mini‐projector with LED light sources that is sufficiently small for portable applications. The projector has a three panel architecture with transmissive LCD micro‐displays in order to combine a high lumen output with a low cost price. The volume of the light engine is 110 cc. The projector can deliver up to 15 lumen to the screen at a LED power of 9 W. In the high efficiency mode the output is 8.5 lumen at 3.8 W.
Elimination of leukemic cells from rat bone marrow using antibody and complement. (1981)

An animal model has been developed that utilizes antibody and complement to eliminate a transplantable cloned line of Wistar/Furth acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (CI-3) from syngeneic Wistar/Furth bone marrow. The CI-3 leukemia grows progressively from an i.v. inoculum of 10(1) to 10(2) cells. Antiserum has been raised in rabbits following multiple injections of CI-3. Using optimal concentrations of absorbed antibody and complement, approximately 3 logs of tumor could be destroyed in vitro, judged by the number of cells required to produce progressive growth in vivo. Similar incubation with antibody and complement did not affect the ability of Wistar-Furth marrow to reconstitute rats that had received lethal total-body irradiation (950 R). Each of the 33 irradiated rats that received mixtures of 10(4) CI-3 and 1.6 X 10(8) nucleated bone marrow cells succumbed to leukemia within 65 days, whereas 16 of 33 rats (48%) receiving similar inocula that had been treated with antibody and complement survived greater than 180 days without evidence of tumor growth. Repeated treatment of contaminated marrow with antibody and complement following removal of mature granulocytes and erythrocytes on density gradients permitted elimination of 10(5) CI-3.
[P3–050]: ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF TSPO LIGAND IN MOUSE MODEL OF TAUOPATHY (2017)

The mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is a sensitive marker of neuroinflammation, becoming markedly upregulated in activated astrocytes and microglia surrounding pathological lesions in the Alzheimer‘s brain. TSPO has also been identified as a potential therapeutic target, with pleiotropic anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective benefits of TSPO ligands described in multiple models of injury and neurodegenerative disease. Recently, we have demonstrated that the well characterized TSPO ligand, Ro5–4864, reduces beta amyloid accumulation and inflammation in a transgenic mouse model of beta-amyloidosis. Here, we evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Ro5–4864 in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. The effects of the TSPO ligand, Ro5–4864, were examined on AD-related neuropathy and behavioral impairment in the rTg4510 transgenic model of tauopathy (tauTg). Inflammation and tau pathogenesis were assessed in vivo by [18F]FEBMP-PET for TSPO and [11C]PBB-3-PET for tau deposits respectively, and neuronal loss was measured in living mice by volumetric MRI. In vivo findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry of brain sections from scanned mice. Learning and memory performance was assessed in the Y-maze and anxiety-related behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze. Ro5–4864 improved functional outcomes and attenuated markers of inflammation in TauTg mice, in the absence of any benefit on tau pathogenesis or neuronal loss. These findings suggest that TSPO is a promising target for the development of immunomodulatory strategies for the management of AD.
Optical Bistability based on the Carrier dispersion effect in SOI Ring Resonators (2006)

We measure optical bistability in a micron-size silicon ring resonator based on the free-carrier dispersion effect in silicon. Optical transfer function of the resonator shows hysteresis loop with less than 10 mW input optical power.
Copper(I) Bromide‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of Aryl Halides with Phenols, Alcohols and Amines using Sodium Cyanide as C1 Source: A Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (2014)

Abstract A new “carbon monoxide‐free” synthesis of carboxylate derivatives via carbonylative coupling of aryl bromides with phenols, alcohols, amines and acids in the presence of copper(I) bromide as catalyst and sodium cyanide in a stoichiometric amount has been developed. Its intramolecular version provides for the preparation of lactones (e.g., isochroman‐1‐ones and isobenzfuranones), imides, anhydrides and lactams in excellent yields (73–96%). magnified image
Soft‐Templated Synthesis of Sheet‐Like Nanoporous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbons for Electrochemical Supercapacitors (2019)

Abstract Nitrogen‐doped nanoporous sheet‐like carbons are promising electrode materials for high‐performance supercapacitors because of their unique properties that aid electrolyte access/ion diffusion to the electrode surface. Herein, a soft‐templated synthesis strategy based on an organic‐assembly process through the co‐assembly of triblock copolymer micelles and phenol‐formaldehyde resin in aqueous solution is utilized to prepare nitrogen‐doped nanoporous carbons with sheet‐like morphology. Further carbonization and activation yield a high‐surface‐area carbon with significantly improved porosity. The activated nanoporous carbon electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 543 F g −1 at a current density of 0.5 A g −1 with good cycling stability in an aqueous electrolyte.
Role of the IXI/V motif in oligomer assembly and function of StHsp14.0, a small heat shock protein from the acidothermophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7 (2007)

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are one of the most ubiquitous molecular chaperones. They are grouped together based on a conserved domain, the alpha-crystallin domain. Generally, sHsps exist as oligomers of 9-40 subunits, and the oligomers undergo reversible temperature-dependent dissociation into smaller species as dimers, which interact with denaturing substrate proteins. Previous studies have shown that the C-terminal region, especially the consensus IXI/V motif, is responsible for oligomer assembly. In this study, we examined deletions or mutations in the C-terminal region on the oligomer assembly and function of StHsp14.0, an sHsp from an acidothermophilic archaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7. Mutated StHsp14.0 with C-terminal deletion or replacement of IIe residues in the IXI/V motif to Ala, Ser, or Phe residues could not form large oligomers and lost chaperone activity. StHsp14.0WKW, whose Ile residues in the IXI/V motif are changed to Trp, existed as an oligomer like that of the wild type. However, it dissociates to small oligomers and exhibits chaperone activity at relatively lowered temperature. Replacement of two Ile residues in the motif to relatively small residues, Ala or Ser, also resulted in the change of beta-sheet rich secondary structure and decrease of hydrophobicity. Interestingly, StHsp14.0 mutant with amino acid replacements to Phe kept almost the same secondary structure and relatively high hydrophobicity despite that it could not form an oligomeric structure. The results show that hydrophobicity and size of the amino acids in the IXI/V motif in the C-terminal region are responsible not only for assembly of the oligomer but also for the maintenance of beta-sheet rich secondary structure and hydrophobicity, which are important for the function of sHsp.
Catalytic Activation of Bioorthogonal Chemistry with Light (CABL) Enables Rapid, Spatiotemporally Controlled Labeling and No-Wash, Subcellular 3D-Patterning in Live Cells Using Long Wavelength Light (2022)

Described is the spatiotemporally controlled labeling and patterning of biomolecules in live cells through the catalytic activation of bioorthogonal chemistry with light, referred to as "CABL". Here, an unreactive dihydrotetrazine (DHTz) is photocatalytically oxidized in the intracellular environment by ambient O<sub>2</sub> to produce a tetrazine that immediately reacts with a <i>trans-</i>cyclooctene (TCO) dienophile. 6-(2-Pyridyl)dihydrotetrazine-3-carboxamides were developed as stable, cell permeable DHTz reagents that upon oxidation produce the most reactive tetrazines ever used in live cells with Diels-Alder kinetics exceeding <i>k</i><sub>2</sub> of 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. CABL photocatalysts are based on fluorescein or silarhodamine dyes with activation at 470 or 660 nm. Strategies for limiting extracellular production of singlet oxygen are described that increase the cytocompatibility of photocatalysis. The HaloTag self-labeling platform was used to introduce DHTz tags to proteins localized in the nucleus, mitochondria, actin, or cytoplasm, and high-yielding subcellular activation and labeling with a TCO-fluorophore were demonstrated. CABL is light-dose dependent, and two-photon excitation promotes CABL at the suborganelle level to selectively pattern live cells under no-wash conditions. CABL was also applied to spatially resolved live-cell labeling of an endogenous protein target by using TIRF microscopy to selectively activate intracellular monoacylglycerol lipase tagged with DHTz-labeled small molecule covalent inhibitor. Beyond spatiotemporally controlled labeling, CABL also improves the efficiency of "ordinary" tetrazine ligations by rescuing the reactivity of commonly used 3-aryl-6-methyltetrazine reporters that become partially reduced to DHTzs inside cells. The spatiotemporal control and fast rates of photoactivation and labeling of CABL should enable a range of biomolecular labeling applications in living systems.
Analysis of Lactulose Preparations by Spectrophotometric and High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods (1980)

Spectrophotometric methods of analysis were applied to sugar mixtures produced during isomerization of lactose to lactulose. A combination of four established spectrophotometric methods was used to quantitate galactose, tagatose, lactose, and lactulose, the four major sugars present. In addition, a method originally developed for determining lactose with methylamine at 65C and pH 12.7 was suitable for combined measurement of lactose and lactulose. After a specific determination of lactose with t3-galactosidase and glucose oxidase, lactulose was measured by difference. A high pressure liquid chromatographic separation of galactose, tagatose, lactose, and lactulose was achieved on a commercial carbohydrate analysis column with a mixture of water and acetonitrile used as eluent. Analysis of lactulose syrups by the new high pressure liquid chromatographic method yielded results that agreed with those by the spectrophotometric methods and required much less time.
Ultrafast valence intersubband hole relaxation in InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes (2004)

The ultrafast carrier dynamics in InGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser diodes were investigated using a time-resolved bias-lead monitoring technique. From the optical selection rules of TE and TM polarized light, one can selectively excite and probe different valence-subband-to-conduction-subband transitions in the MQW structure with different polarized pump and probe light. The subband structure of the MQW structure of the laser diode was calculated and is verified by electroluminescence measurement. Using this technique, ultrafast valence intersubband hole relaxation processes (τ&amp;lt;0.35 ps) were found to dominate the observed carrier dynamics.
Multiscale Visualization and Quantification of the Effect of Binders on the Acidity of Shaped Zeolites (2022)

Shaping is a crucial step in the preparation of catalysts at the industrial scale, but a rationalized understanding of how binders impact the catalyst’s performance is still far from apparent. In this work, the effect of shaping with common binders (boehmite, γ-Al2O3, and silica) on the acidity and catalytic properties of an acid zeolite catalyst, H-ZSM-5, is probed. The zeolite–binder samples (1:1 ratio) are shaped following commonly employed procedures and analyzed using both conventional characterizations of the acidity and porosity as well as using advanced fluorescence microspectroscopic characterization. In the latter approach, the fluorescence intensity stemming from the Brønsted acid-catalyzed furfuryl alcohol oligomerization is used to determine in detail the effect of shaping on acid zeolite’s catalytic activity. Through density functional theory calculations, the observed changes in catalytic performance are assigned to atomic-scale processes such as the interaction of acid sites with binder-related molecular species and the migration of ions. The most detrimental effects related to shaping are migration of cations, here Na+, from the binder to the zeolite, which is an important mechanism for silica binders, as well as pore blockage by alumina and silica species. Strong acid sites are also likely to be converted into weak ones upon interaction with binders. A counterbalancing effect is the genesis of some additional bridging OH groups upon filling of local defects with alumina species from alumina binders. With such knowledge in hand, it becomes possible to balance these effects to get the desired properties.
Synthesis and characterization of polyaryleneetherketone triphenylphosphine oxides incorporating cycloaliphatic/cage hydrocarbon structural units (2004)

Abstract New high temperature polyaryleneetherketone triphenylphosphine oxides incorporating trans ‐1,4‐cyclohexane, 1,3‐adamantane, and 4,9‐diamantane structural units were synthesized by the base‐promoted polymerization reaction between 4,4′‐difluorotriphenylphosphine oxide and the novel dihydroxy monomers trans ‐1,4‐bis(4‐hydroxybenzoyl)cyclohexane, 1,3‐bis(4‐hydroxybenzoyl)adamantane, and 4,9‐bis(4‐hydroxybenzoyl)diamantane. The monomers were synthesized in a good yield by a two‐step procedure involving the Friedel–Crafts acylation of anisole by the diacid chlorides trans ‐1,4‐cyclohexanedicarbonyl chloride, 1,3‐adamantanedicarbonyl chloride, and 4,9‐diamantanedicarbonyl chloride, followed by demethylation with pyridine hydrochloride. The polymers, which could be processed into tough, free standing films from organic solvents, exhibited high T g 's in the range of 192–239° as well as thermooxidative stabilities (5% weight loss in air) in the range of 445–490°. Preliminary results from a UV–visible spectroscopic study of dilute solutions of the polymers in chloroform showed absorption maxima in the 263–274 nm region and transparency to spectral radiation in the 300–800 nm range, indicating that these triphenylphosphine oxide polymers could have potential applications for space thermal control coatings. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6134–6142, 2004
HDR-ChipQA: No-Reference Quality Assessment on High Dynamic Range Videos (2023)

We present a no-reference video quality model and algorithm that delivers standout performance for High Dynamic Range (HDR) videos, which we call HDR-ChipQA. HDR videos represent wider ranges of luminances, details, and colors than Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) videos. The growing adoption of HDR in massively scaled video networks has driven the need for video quality assessment (VQA) algorithms that better account for distortions on HDR content. In particular, standard VQA models may fail to capture conspicuous distortions at the extreme ends of the dynamic range, because the features that drive them may be dominated by distortions {that pervade the mid-ranges of the signal}. We introduce a new approach whereby a local expansive nonlinearity emphasizes distortions occurring at the higher and lower ends of the {local} luma range, allowing for the definition of additional quality-aware features that are computed along a separate path. These features are not HDR-specific, and also improve VQA on SDR video contents, albeit to a reduced degree. We show that this preprocessing step significantly boosts the power of distortion-sensitive natural video statistics (NVS) features when used to predict the quality of HDR content. In similar manner, we separately compute novel wide-gamut color features using the same nonlinear processing steps. We have found that our model significantly outperforms SDR VQA algorithms on the only publicly available, comprehensive HDR database, while also attaining state-of-the-art performance on SDR content.
Raised Floor Computer Data Center: Effect on Rack Inlet Temperatures When Adjacent Racks Are Removed (2003)

This paper focuses on the effect on inlet rack air temperatures when adjacent racks are removed. Only the above floor (raised floor) flow and temperature distributions were analyzed for various air flowrates exhausting from the perforated tiles and the rack. A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was generated for the room with electronic equipment installed on a raised floor with particular focus on the effects on rack inlet temperatures of these high powered racks. The baseline case was with forty racks of data processing (DP) equipment arranged in rows in a data center cooled by chilled air exhausting from perforated floor tiles. The chilled air was provided by four A/C units placed inside a room 12.1 m wide × 13.4 m long. Since the arrangement of the racks in the data center was symmetric only one-half of the data center was modeled. To see the effect of missing racks adjacent to high powered racks various configurations were analyzed. The numerical modeling was performed using a commercially available finite control volume computer code called Flotherm (Trademark of Flomerics, Inc.). The flow was modeled using the k-e turbulence model. Results are displayed to provide some guidance on the design and layout of a data center.
Aetiology of acute meningoencephalitis in Cambodian children, 2010–2013 (2017)

Acute meningoencephalitis (AME) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. Clinical specimens were collected from children presenting with AME at two Cambodian paediatric hospitals to determine the major aetiologies associated with AME in the country. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were screened by molecular and cell culture methods for a range of pathogens previously associated with AME in the region. CSF and serum (acute and convalescent) were screened for antibodies to arboviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). From July 2010 through December 2013, 1160 children (one month to 15 years of age) presenting with AME to two major paediatric hospitals were enroled into the study. Pathogens associated with AME were identified using molecular diagnostics, cell culture and serology. According to a diagnostic algorithm, a confirmed or highly probable aetiologic agent was detected in 35.0% (n=406) of AME cases, with a further 9.2% (total: 44.2%, n=513) aetiologies defined as suspected. JEV (24.4%, n=283) was the most commonly identified pathogen followed by Orientia tsutsugamushi (4.7%, n=55), DENV (4.6%, n=53), enteroviruses (3.5%, n=41), CHIKV (2.0%, n=23) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.6%, n=19). The majority of aetiologies identified for paediatric AME in Cambodia were vaccine preventable and/or treatable with appropriate antimicrobials.