gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical Access to Metallo Thiophenes: Regioselective Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Thiophenes (2010)

This report describes a protocol for functionalization of thiophenes, utilizing a regioselective magnesiation mediated by commercial Grignard reagents and catalytic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. This metalation provides practical access to metallo thiophenes, avoiding cryogenic conditions, prolonged reaction times, and prohibitively expensive reagents. Application to a target thiophene-phthalazinone 6 was accomplished by addition of 2-magnesio-4-methylthiophene to phthalic anhydride, providing the product with >40:1 regioselectivity. This also solved a chemoselectivity issue encountered with analogous lithio-thiophene reagents and cyclic anhydrides, or with magnesio-thiophene generated by simultaneous lithium-to-magnesium transmetalation/anhydride acylation. These alternative in situ transmetalation sequences were plagued by an age effect dictated by the kinetic solubility of MgCl2/THF complexes.
Pathogenic variants in TNNC2 cause congenital myopathy due to an impaired force response to calcium (2021)

Troponin C (TnC) is a critical regulator of skeletal muscle contraction; it binds Ca2+ to activate muscle contraction. Surprisingly, the gene encoding fast skeletal TnC (TNNC2) has not yet been implicated in muscle disease. Here, we report 2 families with pathogenic variants in TNNC2. Patients present with a distinct, dominantly inherited congenital muscle disease. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that the pathomechanisms by which the variants cause muscle disease include disruption of the binding sites for Ca2+ and for troponin I. In line with these findings, physiological studies in myofibers isolated from patients' biopsies revealed a markedly reduced force response of the sarcomeres to [Ca2+]. This pathomechanism was further confirmed in experiments in which contractile dysfunction was evoked by replacing TnC in myofibers from healthy control subjects with recombinant, mutant TnC. Conversely, the contractile dysfunction of myofibers from patients was repaired by replacing endogenous, mutant TnC with recombinant, wild-type TnC. Finally, we tested the therapeutic potential of the fast skeletal muscle troponin activator tirasemtiv in patients' myofibers and showed that the contractile dysfunction was repaired. Thus, our data reveal that pathogenic variants in TNNC2 cause congenital muscle disease, and they provide therapeutic angles to repair muscle contractility.
Reducing Illiteracy as a Barrier to Mobile Communication (2008)

This chapter focuses on the studies conducted at Nokia research centers in Tokyo, Beijing, and Helsinki to understand and improve the communication experiences of non-literate people. It discusses the unstructured and structured learning methods that would help non-literate people learn about the functions of the mobile device. The chapter also discusses the use of icons for describing the functions of the device, and improving the people’ s understanding of them. Problems besides the basic task of starting the phone and answering the incoming call faced by non-literate or semi-literate people are discussed, along with areas that can help improve the communication experience of the users, including improving the device to suit the user needs, creating solutions through services, and improving the infrastructure.
Rowhammer.Js: A Remote Software-Induced Fault Attack In Javascript (2015)

A fundamental assumption in software security is that a memory location can only be modified by processes that may write to this memory location. However, a recent study has shown that parasitic effects in DRAM can change the content of a memory cell without accessing it, but by accessing other memory locations in a high frequency. This so-called Rowhammer bug occurs in most of today's memory modules and has fatal consequences for the security of all affected systems, e.g., privilege escalation attacks. All studies and attacks related to Rowhammer so far rely on the availability of a cache flush instruction in order to cause accesses to DRAM modules at a sufficiently high frequency. We overcome this limitation by defeating complex cache replacement policies. We show that caches can be forced into fast cache eviction to trigger the Rowhammer bug with only regular memory accesses. This allows to trigger the Rowhammer bug in highly restricted and even scripting environments. We demonstrate a fully automated attack that requires nothing but a website with JavaScript to trigger faults on remote hardware. Thereby we can gain unrestricted access to systems of website visitors. We show that the attack works on off-the-shelf systems. Existing countermeasures fail to protect against this new Rowhammer attack.
Coplanar-Waveguide Quarter-Wavelength Resonator with Open Stubs for Miniaturizing High-Temperature Superconducting Bandpass Filter (2008)

This paper presents a newly developed compact coplanar-waveguide (CPW) quarter-wavelength resonators with open stubs for use in a miniaturized high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter (BPF). The proposed resonator has a structure in which the open stubs are aligned close to the center conductor of the resonator. This is because strongly-coupled resonators have widely-split resonant frequencies, and the lowest resonant frequency is employed as the fundamental resonant frequency of the resonator in order to achieve miniaturization. A four-pole Chebyshev HTS BPF is designed and fabricated using the proposed CPW resonators to investigate the validity of the proposed resonator. The filter achieves a size reduction of at least 50% compared to previously reported filters without any degradation in the frequency characteristics.
Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine Bioisostere of Roscovitine: Evaluation of a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases with Antiproliferative Activity (2011)

Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) with small molecules has been suggested as a strategy for treatment of cancer, based on deregulation of CDKs commonly found in many types of human tumors. Here, a new potent CDK2 inhibitor with pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold has been synthesized, characterized, and evaluated in cellular and biochemical assays. 7-Benzylamino-5(R)-[2-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]amino-3-isopropyl-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, compound 7, was prepared as a bioisostere of the well-known CDK inhibitor roscovitine. An X-ray crystal structure of compound 7 bound to CDK2 has been determined, revealing a binding mode similar to that of roscovitine. Protein kinase selectivity profile of compound 7 and its biological effects (cell cycle arrest, dephosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, accumulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of homologous recombination) are consistent with CDK inhibition as a primary mode of action. Importantly, as the anticancer activities of the pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine 7 exceed those of its bioisostere roscovitine, compound 7 reported here may be preferable for cancer therapy.
Video Coding Technologies and Standards: Now and Beyond (2006)

OVERVIEW: Video coding technology compresses digital images— composed of huge amount of data—so they can be recorded and transmitted. International standards—under the standardization bodies called the MPEG and the ITU-T—is applied to all kinds of devices, ranging from digital home appliances (like digital-broadcast receivers, DVD players and hard-disk recorders) to mobile phones. A main feature of the video coding technology that has currently become mainstream is so-called hybrid coding, which combines high picture quality with high compression performance. Nevertheless, at the standardization bodies mentioned above, aiming at attaining even higher compression and better functionality, the search for new technologies has begun. Consequently, discussions on future directions of standardization have started. Up until now, Hitachi has been actively involved in putting forward standardization proposals and developing technologies for implementing video coding technology. Moreover, at present, we are investigating ways of improving the image quality of the current H.264 coding method and looking at ways to extend its application range. This paper overviews current video coding technology, introduces the standardized technologies that we have proposed up till today, and presents some of our future research. Tomokazu Murakami Hiroaki Ito Muneaki Yamaguchi Yuichiro Nakaya, Ph.D.
Session details: Oral session 3: multimedia copy detection (2010)

No abstract available.
Polarimetric imaging cross talk effects from glue separation between FPA and micropolarizer arrays at the MWIR (2007)

We have numerically and experimentally determined the effect of crosstalk from adjacent gold wiregrid micropolarizer pixels in a midwave infrared (MWIR) focal plane array (FPA). Fabrication of a snapshot polarization-imaging device involves gluing a micropolarizer array substrate on top of an FPA. We evaluated several arrays of super-cells of four pixelated polarizers by modeling the near fields behind the devices. Each polarizer in the super-cell is oriented to allow solving three Stokes parameters by themselves or four Stokes parameters in conjunction with a birefringent waveplate. In addition, we fabricated sets of super-cells for determining optimum polarizer-FPA separation. Modeling and empirical data indicate cross talk between the adjacent pixels at several microns after crossing the polarizer plane. Cross talk between adjacent pixels increases uncertainty in the measured polarization states of a scene of interest. Data shows that the extinction ratio will decrease by 17% when moving the FPA from 0.5 &mgr;m to 1.0 &mgr;m away from the polarizer. These changes in extinction ratio are important given that typical glue separation is approximately 10 &mgr;m.
Greater Specificity for Cerebrospinal Fluid P-tau231 over P-tau181 in the Differentiation of Healthy Controls from Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of phosphorylated-tau (P-tau) 231 and P-tau181 are two biomarkers for the identification of tau pathology as related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). While both are pathologically validated, their relative diagnostic performances are not well known. This cross-sectional diagnostic study of 87 normal (NL) subjects and 28 AD subjects compared CSF P-tau231 with CSF P-tau181. Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that the P-tau231 was superior to the P-tau181 in the diagnostic classifications. At a fixed 85% sensitivity cutoff, the ROC analysis shows that P-tau231 has greater overall specificity than P-tau181. While both P-tau analytes demonstrated equivalent negative predictive accuracies, P-tau231 yielded significantly fewer false positives. Moreover, P-tau231, but not P-tau181, demonstrated sensitivity to the E4 genotype. A postmortem validation with 9 AD subjects confirmed the superiority of the CSF P-tau231 specificity. This study suggests that P-tau231 has the potential to improve the CSF tau biomarker diagnosis of AD.
Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry (2019)

The HIV-1 infectious cycle requires viral protein interactions with host factors to facilitate viral replication, packaging, and release. The infectious cycle further requires the formation of viral/host protein complexes with HIV-1 RNA to regulate the splicing and enable nucleocytoplasmic transport. The HIV-1 Rev protein accomplishes the nuclear export of HIV-1 mRNAs through multimerization with intronic cis-acting targets - the Rev response element (RRE). A nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) exists within the COOH-terminus of the Rev arginine-rich motif (ARM), allowing the accumulation of Rev/RRE complexes in the nucleolus. Nucleolar factors are speculated to support the HIV-1 infectious cycle through various other functions in addition to mediating mRNA-independent nuclear export and splicing. We describe an immunoprecipitation method of wild-type (WT) Rev in comparison to Rev nucleolar mutations (deletion and single-point Rev-NoLS mutations) in the presence of HIV-1 replication for mass spectrometry. Nucleolar factors implicated in the nucleocytoplasmic transport (nucleophosmin B23 and nucleolin C23), as well as cellular splicing factors, lose interaction with Rev in the presence of Rev-NoLS mutations. Various other nucleolar factors, such as snoRNA C/D box 58, are identified to lose interaction with Rev mutations, yet their function in the HIV-1 replication cycle remain unknown. The results presented here demonstrate the use of this approach for the identification of viral/host nucleolar factors that maintain the HIV-1 infectious cycle. The concepts used in this approach are applicable to other viral and disease models requiring the characterization of understudied pathways.
Interleukin-1β and the Autoinflammatory Diseases (2009)

Interleukin-1 is a highly active proinflammatory cytokine that causes not only fever, anorexia, and other constitutional symptoms but also tissue damage and remodeling. All these effects — including joint destruction, tissue remodeling, and elevated levels of markers of systemic inflammation — can be reversed or reduced by specific blockade of interleukin-1 activity.Interleukin-1 induces the expression of several other proinflammatory genes, but cytokine-mediated inflammation can also evoke the expression of genes encoding antiinflammatory proteins that nonspecifically suppress inflammation. In the case of interleukin-1, however, a particular molecule that specifically inhibits interleukin-1 activity is induced. The 11 members of the interleukin-1 . . .
Generating Shared Transportation Plans Under Varying Preferences: Ridesharing Models and Mechanisms (2009)

We introduce and test computational methods that provide a principled approach to ridesharing. We address several challenges with collaboration and coordination among self-interested people aimed at minimizing the cost of transportation and the impact of travel on the environment. The work investigates the problem of applying mechanism design ideas to a dynamic, real-life problem, and evaluates different VCG-like payment schemes in terms of their computational efficiency, budget-balance, incentive compatibility and strategy-proofness in this domain. The Agent-based Carpooling (ABC) methodology employs planning, optimization, and payment mechanisms that provide fair and efficient solutions to the rideshare collaboration challenge. We review the behavior of a working ABC prototype that learns about destinations and preferences from GPS traces and calendars, and considers time, gas, and cognitive costs. ABC identifies beneficial ridesharing plans by performing cost-benefit analyses. The system provides incentives to collaborate in ridesharing by introducing a VCG-based payment mechanism. The ABC methods and prototype have been applied to precomputed, scheduled contexts as well as dynamic settings where requests are handled on the fly, and evaluated on hundreds of real-life GPS traces collected from a community of commuters. The evaluations show promise for reducing the number of vehicles on the road, thus reducing CO2 emissions and fuel expenditures.
Etude in-situ par Ellipsométrie en cellule liquide et Spectroscopie d’Impédance Electrochimique de revêtements hybrides pour la protection de l’alliage AA2024T3 (2018)

International audience
Laser ablation of PMMA doped with benzyl (1998)

KrF-laser ablation of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) doped with benzil was studied from the viewpoint of nonlinear absorption of the PMMA film during the laser irradiation. After measuring the relationship between the transmission and incident laser intensity, we developed a novel method to obtain absorption coefficient depending on laser intensity. Using the nonlinear absorption coefficient of PMMA doped with benzil, we succeeded in fitting the relationship of etch depth and laser intensity. The dependence of concentration of benzil in PMMA film and the difference between benzil and pyrene were also discussed.
Modulating the Bond Strength of DNA-Nanoparticle Superlattices* (2020)

A method is introduced for modulating the bond strength in DNA– programmable nanoparticle (NP) superlattice crystals. This method utilizes noncovalent interactions between a family of [Ru(dipyrido[2,3-a:3′,2′-c]phenazine)(N–N)2]2+-based small molecule intercalators 828and DNA duplexes to postsynthetically modify DNA-NP super-lattices. This dramatically increases the strength of the DNA bonds that hold the nanoparticles together, thereby making the superlattices more resistant to thermal degradation. In this work, we systematically investigate the relationship between the structure of the intercalator and its binding affinity for DNA duplexes and determine how this translates to the increased thermal stability of the intercalated superlattices. We find that intercalator charge and steric profile serve as handles that give us a wide range of tunability and control over DNA-NP bond strength, with the resulting crystal lattices retaining their structure at temperatures more than 50°C above what nonintercalated structures can withstand. This allows us to subject DNA-NP superlattice crystals to conditions under which they would normally melt, enabling the construction of a core–shell (gold NP-quantum dot NP) superlattice crystal.
10.51847/EBO2siy (2000)

CMPP Database (Central Metabolic Pathway Promoter Database) consists of manually annotated regulatory sequences/motif of genes controlling Metabolic Pathways (http://cmpp.biodbs.info) such as Glycolysisâ€™ and Krebsâ€™ cycle. The CMPP software package written in Microsoft Visual Basics & MS Access was also developed for searching & updating the CMPP database. This database was further used to study the relationship between 10 transcription factors involved in the non-coding upstream region of CM
Viscoelastic properties of a model main‐chain liquid crystalline polyether (1994)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. R. Gillmor, R. H. Colby, E. Hall, C. K. Ober; Viscoelastic properties of a model main‐chain liquid crystalline polyether. J. Rheol. 1 September 1994; 38 (5): 1623–1638. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550562 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Chemical Route to a Carbon Dioxide Neutral World (2016)

Abstract Excessive CO 2 emissions in the atmosphere from anthropogenic activity can be divided into point sources and diffuse sources. The capture of CO 2 from flue gases of large industrial installations and its conversion into fuels and chemicals with fast catalytic processes seems technically possible. Some emerging technologies are already being demonstrated on an industrial scale. Others are still being tested on a laboratory or pilot scale. These emerging chemical technologies can be implemented in a time window ranging from 5 to 20 years. The massive amounts of energy needed for capturing processes and the conversion of CO 2 should come from low‐carbon energy sources, such as tidal, geothermal, and nuclear energy, but also, mainly, from the sun. Synthetic methane gas that can be formed from CO 2 and hydrogen gas is an attractive renewable energy carrier with an existing distribution system. Methanol offers advantages as a liquid fuel and is also a building block for the chemical industry. CO 2 emissions from diffuse sources is a difficult problem to solve, particularly for CO 2 emissions from road, water, and air transport, but steady progress in the development of technology for capturing CO 2 from air is being made. It is impossible to ban carbon from the entire energy supply of mankind with the current technological knowledge, but a transition to a mixed carbon–hydrogen economy can reduce net CO 2 emissions and ultimately lead to a CO 2 ‐neutral world.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE CLAVICIPITIC ACIDS BY AN INTRAMOLECULAR AZIDE CYCLOADDITION STRATEGY (1984)

Abstract Aus lndol‐4‐aldehyd (I) wird das Azid (IV) hergestellt, das thermisch intramolekular zum lmin (V) kondensiert und weiter zu (VI) hydriert wird.
Increased saccadic latency in Amblyopia: Oculomotor and attentional factors (2022)

Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of vision that arises from disrupted binocular vision during early childhood. Delayed initiation of saccadic eye movements is an established feature of amblyopia. The present study investigated whether oculomotor and/or attentional factors contribute to increased amblyopic eye saccadic latencies. Participants with normal vision (n = 10) and amblyopia (n = 10; 4 anisometropia, 6 strabismic/mixed) performed visually-guided saccades to targets presented via a mirror haploscope. Eye movements were recorded for both eyes even under monocular viewing conditions. In Experiment 1, we measured the latency, amplitude gain and peak velocity of saccades as targets were presented binocularly, or monocularly. Saccadic latencies were significantly longer for both eyes when targets were presented to only the amblyopic eye compared to all other conditions. Saccade gain and main sequence rate constants were similar across groups for all viewing conditions. In Experiment 2, we tested the hypothesis that shifts of overt attention may be deficient when viewing with the amblyopic eye. We presented the fixation target to one eye and the subsequent peripheral target (saccadic error signal) to the other eye. Shifting saccadic targets between the eyes expedited saccadic latencies irrespective of which eye viewed the target in the amblyopia group. These findings indicate that oculomotor factors related to saccade generation are unlikely to be responsible for amblyopic eye saccadic latency delays. We propose that an impairment in the ability to disengage attention from a fixation target and orient to a peripheral target when both targets are seen by the amblyopic eye may contribute to increased saccadic latency.
Low-Power Deep Learning Inference using the SpiNNaker Neuromorphic Platform (2019)

With the successes deep neural networks have achieved across a range of applications, researchers have been exploring computational architectures to more efficiently execute their operation. In addition to the prevalent role of graphics processing units (GPUs), many accelerator architectures have emerged. Neuromorphic is one such particular approach which takes inspiration from the brain to guide the computational principles of the architecture including varying levels of biological realism. In this paper we present results on using the SpiNNaker neuromorphic platform (48-chip model) for deep learning neural network inference. We use the Sandia National Laboratories developed Whetstone spiking deep learning library to train deep multi-layer perceptrons and convolutional neural networks suitable for the spiking substrate on the neural hardware architecture. By using the massively parallel nature of SpiNNaker, we are able to achieve, under certain network topologies, substantial network tiling and consequentially impressive inference throughput. Such high-throughput systems may have eventual application in remote sensing applications where large images need to be chipped, scanned, and processed quickly. Additionally, we explore complex topologies that push the limits of the SpiNNaker routing hardware and investigate how that impacts mapping software-implemented networks to on-hardware instantiations.