gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What is the Most EfficientWay to Select Nearest Neighbor Candidates for Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search? (2013)

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a basic and important technique used in many tasks such as object recognition. It involves two processes: selecting nearest neighbor candidates and performing a brute-force search of these candidates. Only the former though has scope for improvement. In most existing methods, it approximates the space by quantization. It then calculates all the distances between the query and all the quantized values (e.g., clusters or bit sequences), and selects a fixed number of candidates close to the query. The performance of the method is evaluated based on accuracy as a function of the number of candidates. This evaluation seems rational but poses a serious problem; it ignores the computational cost of the process of selection. In this paper, we propose a new ANNS method that takes into account costs in the selection process. Whereas existing methods employ computationally expensive techniques such as comparative sort and heap, the proposed method does not. This realizes a significantly more efficient search. We have succeeded in reducing computation times by one-third compared with the state-of-theart on an experiment using 100 million SIFT features.
Multi-plane Imaging of Neural Activity From the Mammalian Brain Using a Fast-switching Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator (2018)

We report a novel two-photon fluorescence microscope based on a fast-switching liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a pair of galvo-resonant scanners for large-scale recording of neural activity from the mammalian brain. The utilized imaging technique is capable of monitoring large populations of neurons spread across different layers of the neocortex in awake and behaving mice. During each imaging session, all visual stimulus driven somatic activity could be recorded in the same behavior state. We observed heterogeneous response to different types of visual stimuli from ~ 3,300 excitatory neurons reaching from layer II/III to V of the striate cortex.
Tyrosinase Inhibitory Xanthones from Cudrania tricuspidata (2007)

꾸지뽕나무(Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.) Bureau) 뿌리껍질에서 3종의 xanthones 화합물을 분리하였으며, 분광학적인 자료를 바탕으로 cudraxanthone L (1), cudraxanthone D (2), 그리고 cudraxanthone M (3)으로 구조동정되었다. 분리된 화합물을 L-tyrosine이 기질로 작용할 때 tyrosinase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 cudraxanthone M (3)의 <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> 값이 <TEX>$16.5{\mu}M$</TEX>로 가장 높은 저해 효능을 보였으며, kinetic type은 uncompetitive inhibition로 저해 상수(<TEX>$K_i$</TEX>)는 <TEX>$1.6{\mu}M$</TEX>로 측정되었다. 또한 이 화합물은 <TEX>$20{\mu}M$</TEX>의 농도에서 lag time이 310초로 측정 되어 대조화합물인 kojic acid와 유사한 저해능을 나타내었다. The methanolic roots bark extract of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau was chromatographed, which yielded three xanthones 1-3 by tyrosinase inhibitory activity-guided fractionation. The structures were fully characterized by analysis of physical and spectral data. Among them, furano prenylxanthone 3, never reported as tyrosinase inhibitor, showed potent activity with <TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> value of <TEX>$16.5{\mu}M$</TEX>, and appeared to inhibit the polyphenol oxidase activity of tyrosinase in an uncompetitive inhibitor(<TEX>$K_i=1.6{\mu}m$</TEX>) when L-tyrosine was used as a substrate. Moreover, potent inhibitor furano prenylxanthone 3 had an extended lag time of 310 sec at <TEX>$20{\mu}M$</TEX>, while lag time of kojic acid as positive control was prolonged with 350 sec at the same concentration.
Simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro: study of events preceding elongation of chains. (1986)

We have evidence for the formation of a stable preelongation complex during the replication of simian virus 40 (SV40) origin containing DNA (ori+ DNA) in vitro. Preincubation of ori+ DNA with HeLa cytosolic extracts and SV40-encoded large tumor antigen (T antigen) in the absence of deoxynucleoside triphosphates eliminates a lag that normally precedes replication. This effect requires ATP and is inhibited by RNase A; subsequent elongation is inhibited by aphidicolin but not by RNase A. A T antigen and SV40 origin-dependent complex can be isolated by gel-filtration chromatography of preincubation reaction mixtures. In both cases, the products formed by replication after complex formation resemble those formed during in vitro replication reactions described previously. HeLa cytosolic extract was separated into two ammonium sulfate fractions: a 0-40% fraction (AS 40) that shows low levels of DNA synthesis and a 40-65% fraction (AS 65) that is inactive by itself but stimulates synthesis when added to the AS 40 fraction. DNA synthesis by these combined fractions has the same requirements as crude extract, occurs in two stages as described above, and is sensitive to RNase A. Pretreatment of both fractions with micrococcal nuclease eliminated replication activity, whereas the combination of a pretreated fraction (either AS 40 or 65) with an untreated fraction was active. A heat-inactivated (55 degrees C, 5 min) AS 65 fraction restored replication activity to the combination of micrococcal nuclease-treated AS 40 and AS 65 fractions.
Improving Zero-shot Generalization and Robustness of Multi-modal Models (2022)

Multi-modal image-text models such as CLIP and LiT have demonstrated impressive performance on image classification benchmarks and their zero-shot generalization ability is particularly exciting. While the top-5 zero-shot accuracies of these models are very high, the top-1 accuracies are much lower (over 25% gap in some cases). We investigate the reasons for this performance gap and find that many of the failure cases are caused by ambiguity in the text prompts. First, we develop a simple and efficient zero-shot post-hoc method to identify images whose top-1 prediction is likely to be incorrect, by measuring consistency of the predictions w.r.t. multiple prompts and image transformations. We show that our procedure better predicts mistakes, outperforming the popular max logit baseline on selective prediction tasks. Next, we propose a simple and efficient way to improve accuracy on such uncertain images by making use of the WordNet hierarchy; specifically we augment the original class by incorporating its parent and children from the semantic label hierarchy, and plug the augmentation into text prompts. We conduct experiments on both CLIP and LiT models with five different ImageNet-based datasets. For CLIP, our method improves the top-1 accuracy by 17.13% on the uncertain subset and 3.6% on the entire ImageNet validation set. We also show that our method improves across ImageNet shifted datasets, four other datasets, and other model architectures such as LiT. The proposed method is hyperparameter-free, requires no additional model training and can be easily scaled to other large multi-modal architectures. Code is available at https://github.com/gyhandy/Hierarchy-CLIP.
P18-08. Characterization of CD34+ derived dendritic cells generated in vitro and transfected with HIV gene as potential therapeutic vaccine in macaque (2009)

International audience
Alteration in Size and Configuration of the Sella Turcica as the Result of Prolonged Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting (1970)

Prolonged cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedures may cause a marked reduction in the size of the sella turcica, resulting in a “small sella turcica.” If the diaphragma sellae is intact, the sella will be protected from the effects of the pulsations and pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, and the sella will not participate in remodeling of the base and calvarium. Changes of the base of the skull, described by the authors, are reversible.
Response of a Circular Cylinder Wake to Superharmonic Excitation (2000)

A systematic numerical analysis is performed for superharmonic excitations in a wake where a circular cylinder is rotationally oscillated in time. Emphasis is placed on identifying the secondary and tertiary lock-on in the forced wakes. The frequency responses are scrutinized by measuring the lift coecient (CL). A direct numerical simulation has been conducted to portray the unsteady dynamics of wake flows behind a circular cylinder. The Reynolds number based on the diameter is Re = 106, and the forcing magnitude is 0:106 max 6 0:40. The tertiary lock-on is observed, where the shedding frequency (St0) is one third of the forcing frequency (Sf), i.e. the 1/3 subharmonic lock-on. The phase shift of CL with respect to the forcing frequency is observed. It is similar to that of the primary lock-on. However, in the secondary superharmonic excitation, modulated oscillations are observed, i.e. the lock-on does not exist. As max increases, St0 is gradually shifted from the natural shedding frequency (St 0) to lower values. The magnitudes and phases of Sf and St0 are analysed by the phase diagram. The vorticity contours are employed to examine the vortex formation mode against the forcing conditions.
Inhibition of human tumor cell growthIn vitro andIn vivo by a specific inhibitor of human farnesyltransferase: BIM-46068 (1999)

Oncogenic mutations of the ras gene leading to constitutive activation of downstream effectors have been detected in a large spectrum of human cancers (pancreas, thyroid, colon and NSCLC). Membrane anchorage of Ras required for functional activity in signal transduction is facilitated by post-translational modifications resulting in covalent attachment of a farnesyl group to the cysteine in the C-terminal CAAX motif. This attachment is mediated by farnesyltransferase (FTase). Here, we report a novel series of potent FTase inhibitors, where the tetrapeptide CAAX motif has been modified by incorporation of a thiazolidine carboxylic acid moiety followed by reduction of the 1st and 2nd peptide bonds to a secondary and tertiary amine, respectively. The C-terminal carboxylate was converted to esters for improved cellular penetration. These compounds showed specific inhibition of purified human FTase enzyme, inhibition of proliferation in vitro in a large spectrum of human tumor cell lines and inhibition of growth of human tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. In addition, in regard to a panel of cell lines, using the Compare analysis to determine the Pearson coefficient correlation, the anti-proliferative spectrum of BIM-46068 has been shown to be distinct from the profile of typical chemotherapeutic agents.
Label-free quantification of passive membrane permeability of cyclic peptides across lipid bilayers: penetration speed of cyclosporin A across lipid bilayers (2022)

Cyclic peptides that passively penetrate cell membranes are under active investigation in drug discovery research. PAMPA (Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay) and Caco-2 assay are mainly used for permeability measurements in these studies. However, permeability rates across the artificial membrane and the cell monolayer used for these assays are intrinsically different from the ones across pure lipid bilayers. There are also membrane permeability assays for peptides using reconstructed lipid bilayers, but they require labeling for detection, and the absolute membrane permeability of the natural peptides themselves could not be determined. Here, we constructed a lipid bilayer permeability assay and realized the first label-free measurements of the lipid bilayer permeability of cyclic peptides. Quantitative permeability values across lipid bilayers were determined for model cyclic hexapeptides and an important natural product, cyclosporin A (CsA). The obtained quantitative permeability values will provide new and advanced knowledge about the passive permeability of cyclic peptides.
Increasing the dynamic torque per ampere capability of induction machines (2002)

A method for increasing the dynamic torque per ampere capability of induction machines is presented. The method developed is based on use of an indirect field-oriented controller (IFOC) for the induction machine. A dynamic method which achieves transient torques over 35% greater than the prior methods is identified. The limitations of the method and its sensitivity to detuning are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Probiotics for atopic eczema (2006)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects of probiotics in treating atopic eczema.
A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Microsatellite Instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition: development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. (1998)

In December 1997, the National Cancer Institute sponsored "The International Workshop on Microsatellite Instability and RER Phenotypes in Cancer Detection and Familial Predisposition," to review and unify the field. The following recommendations were endorsed at the workshop. (a) The form of genomic instability associated with defective DNA mismatch repair in tumors is to be called microsatellite instability (MSI). (b) A panel of five microsatellites has been validated and is recommended as a reference panel for future research in the field. Tumors may be characterized on the basis of: high-frequency MSI (MSI-H), if two or more of the five markers show instability (i.e., have insertion/deletion mutations), and low-frequency MSI (MSI-L), if only one of the five markers shows instability. The distinction between microsatellite stable (MSS) and low frequency MSI (MSI-L) can only be accomplished if a greater number of markers is utilized. (c) A unique clinical and pathological phenotype is identified for the MSI-H tumors, which comprise approximately 15% of colorectal cancers, whereas MSI-L and MSS tumors appear to be phenotypically similar. MSI-H colorectal tumors are found predominantly in the proximal colon, have unique histopathological features, and are associated with a less aggressive clinical course than are stage-matched MSI-L or MSS tumors. Preclinical models suggest the possibility that these tumors may be resistant to the cytotoxicity induced by certain chemotherapeutic agents. The implications for MSI-L are not yet clear. (d) MSI can be measured in fresh or fixed tumor specimens equally well; microdissection of pathological specimens is recommended to enrich for neoplastic tissue; and normal tissue is required to document the presence of MSI. (e) The "Bethesda guidelines," which were developed in 1996 to assist in the selection of tumors for microsatellite analysis, are endorsed. (f) The spectrum of microsatellite alterations in noncolonic tumors was reviewed, and it was concluded that the above recommendations apply only to colorectal neoplasms. (g) A research agenda was recommended.
Context-aware clustering and assessment of photo collections (2017)

To ensure that all important moments of an event are represented and that challenging scenes are correctly captured, both amateur and professional photographers often opt for taking large quantities of photographs. As such, they are faced with the tedious task of organizing large collections and selecting the best images among similar variants. Automatic methods assisting with this task are based on independent assessment approaches, evaluating each image apart from other images in the collection. However, the overall quality of photo collections can largely vary due to user skills and other factors. In this work, we explore the possibility of context-aware image quality assessment, where the photo context is defined using a clustering approach, and statistics of both the extracted context and the entire photo collection are used to guide identification of low-quality photos. We demonstrate that our method is able to flexibly adapt to the nature of processed albums and to facilitate the task of image selection in diverse scenarios.
Adaptive Digital Pre-Emphasis for High Speed Digital Analogue Converters (2016)

An adaptive digital pre-emphasis to mitigate the electrical bandwidth limitation of high speed DACs is proposed. Numerical simulations prove its effectiveness for QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM, by significantly increasing the transmittable symbol rate.
Multidisciplinary analysis of hydraulic stimulation and production effects within the Niobrara and Codell reservoirs, Wattenberg Field, Colorado — Part 1: Baseline reservoir conditions (2021)

In the Wattenberg Field, the Reservoir Characterization Project at the Colorado School of Mines and Occidental Petroleum Corporation (Oxy) (formerly the Anadarko Petroleum Corporation) collected time-lapse seismic data for characterization of changes in the reservoir caused by hydraulic fracturing and production in the Niobrara Formation and Codell Sandstone member of the Carlile Formation. We have acquired three multicomponent seismic surveys to understand the dynamic reservoir changes caused by hydraulic fracturing and production of 11 horizontal wells within a 1 mi 2 section (the Wishbone Section). The time-lapse seismic survey acquisition occurred immediately after the wells were drilled, another survey after stimulation, and a third survey after two years of production. In addition, we integrate core, petrophysical properties, fault and fracture characteristics, as well as P-wave seismic data to illustrate reservoir properties prior to simulation and production. Core analysis indicates extensive amounts of bioturbation in zones of high total organic content (TOC). Petrophysical analysis of logs and core samples indicates that chalk intervals have high amounts of TOC (&gt;2%) and the lowest amount of clay in the reservoir interval. Core petrophysical characterization included X-ray diffraction analysis, mercury intrusion capillary pressure, N 2 gas adsorption, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Reservoir fractures follow four regional orientations, and chalk facies contain higher fracture density than marl facies. Integration of these data assist in enhanced well targeting and reservoir simulation.
Hollow Nano-Magnetic Resonators Mediated by Photo-Thermal Effects: Towards the Realization of Highly-Tunable Mid-Infrared Negative Permeability (2007)

Using a rigorous-coupled-wave analysis combined with a thermo-optical sensitivity prediction scheme, we show that nano-engineered magnetic resonators exhibit strong tunable magnetic response in mid-infrared, which can be effectively used for realizing a negative magnetic permeability.
Finite Element Simulation of Jump-Out Behavior of Threaded Pipe Joints Used in Oil-Producing Wells (1988)

High tensile strength is one of the most important requirements for threaded pipe joints used in oil or gas-producing wells. If an excessively large tensile load is applied to the joints, a jump-out phenomenon of the pipe from the coupling occurs. The jump-out phenomenon depends largely on the thread profile, the nonlinear material properties and the contact condition at threads. In this paper, as a fundamental study, the jump-out behavior of a one-ring thread model was experimentally investigated and the FEM simulation was conducted considering the material nonlinearity and the contact condition at threads. Here, the penalty function method was applied as a technique of introducing contact condition into a large deformation elasto-plastic FEM code CAPS, which has been developed by the authors. A jump-out test of actual 473.1-mm-(18-5/8-in-) dia joint was carried out, and based on the experimental results, one criterion was proposed for the slide out of helicoidal thread in FEM simulation. As a result, the present FEM simulation method can be applied to the analysis of the jump-out phenomenon of the threaded joint.
Video aggregation: adapting video traffic for transport over broadband networks by integrating data compression and statistical multiplexing (1996)

Future broadband integrated services networks based on the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology are expected to carry information from a large variety of different services and applications. This paper investigates video aggregation, a concept that integrates compression and statistical multiplexing of video information for transport over a communication network. We focus on the transmission of a group of video sessions as a bundle, the practical examples of which include entertainment-video broadcast and video-on-demand (VoD). In this situation, the advantage of constant bit-rate (CBR) transport (which facilitates simple network management and operation) and the advantage of variable bit-rate (VBR) video compression (which yields smoother image quality) can be achieved simultaneously. We show that it is better to integrate compression and statistical multiplexing before the bundle of video traffic enters the network than performing them as independent processes. We present experimental results which indicate the advantages of video aggregation in terms of superior image quality and efficient bandwidth usage.
Beneficiation of REE: Prospects for Biotechnology Deployment (2022)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to and is under consideration at AGU Books. ESSOAr is a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Beneficiation of REE: Prospects for Biotechnology DeploymentAuthorsYoshikoFujitaiDDanParkMargaretLenckaAndrzejAnderkoDavidReediDVickiThompsonGauravDasAliEslamimaneshYongqinJiaoSee all authors Yoshiko FujitaiD• Submitting AuthorIdaho National LaboratoryiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4472-4102view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDan ParkLawrence Livermore National Laboratoryview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressMargaret LenckaCorresponding AuthorOLI Systems, Inc.view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressAndrzej AnderkoOLI Systems Inc.view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDavid ReediDIdaho National LaboratoryiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-776Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressVicki ThompsonIdaho National Laboratoryview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressGaurav DasOLI Systems, Inc.view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressAli EslamimaneshOLI Systems, Inc.view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressYongqin JiaoLawrence Livermore National Laboratoryview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
The effect of passivation on different GaAs surfaces (2021)

The surface passivation of semiconductors on different surface orientations results in vastly disparate effects. Experiments of GaAs/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/indium tin oxide solar cells show that sulfur passivation results in threefold conversion efficiency improvements for the GaAs (100) surface. In contrast, no improvements are observed after passivation of the GaAs (111B) surface, which achieves 4% conversion efficiency. This is explained by density-functional theory calculations, which find a surprisingly stable (100) surface reconstruction with As defects that contains midgap surface states. Band structure calculations with hybrid functionals of the defect surface show a surface state on the undimerized As atoms and its disappearance after passivation.
Cloud Computing for Air Traffic Management - Cost/Benefit Analysis (2014)

A study of recent developments in the field of cloud computing indicates that, while challenges exist, with the proper alignment of technical and investment decisions, transitioning of Air Traffic Management functions to the cloud computing environment can be achieved much sooner than one would perceive, and that the transition is already happening for applications in air transportation. This paper demonstrates a framework for transitioning Air Traffic Management functions to cloud computing, for cost savings, and gains in performance and efficiency. An application modeled after a dynamic flow management system was used in a case study to identify required system changes and the associated cost. An analysis of the operating cost of the application revealed that significant savings can be achieved through this transition, along with the ability to benefit future upgrades and developments.