gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternatives to unfractioned heparin for anticoagulation in cardiopulmonary bypass (2001)

Despite the progress made in the development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) equipment, systemic anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin and post-bypass neutralization with protamine are still used in most perfusion procedures. However, there are a number of situations where unfractionated heparin, protamine or both cannot be used for various reasons. Intolerance of protamine can be addressed with extracorporeal heparin removal devices, perfusion with (no) low systemic heparinization and, to some degree, by perfusion with alternative anticoagulants. Various alternative anticoagulation regimens have been used in cases of intolerance to unfractionated heparin, including extreme hemodilution, low molecular weight heparins, danaparoid, ancrod, r-hirudin, abciximab, tirofiban, argatroban and others. In the presence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and thrombosis, the use of r-hirudin appears to be an acceptable solution which has been well studied. The main issue with r-hirudin is the difficulty in monitoring its activity during CPB, despite the fact that ecarin coagulation time assessment is now available. A more recent approach is based on selective blockage of platelet aggregation by means of monoclonal antibodies directed to GPIIb/IIIa receptors (abciximab) or the use of a GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor (tirofiban). An 80% blockage of the GPIIb/IIIa receptors and suppression of platelet aggregation to less than 20% allows the giving of unfractionated heparin and running CPB in a standard fashion despite HIT and thrombosis. Likewise, at the end of the procedure, unfractionated heparin is neutralized with protamine as usual and donor platelets are transfused if necessary. GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors are frequently used in interventional cardiology and, therefore, are available in most hospitals.
S-band traveling-wave parametric amplifier using a filter circuit (1960)

An operating S-band traveling-wave parametric amplifier is described. The amplifier signal-idler circuit consists of four rectangular cavities centrally loaded by variable capacitance diodes. The cavities are inductively coupled through irises which may be exchanged to vary the size and characteristics of the passband. The pump, at C-band, is supported by a second circuit capacitively coupled to each of the signal cavities. Stable gains of greater than 20 db have been obtained by incorporating non-reciprocal loss ferrite elements in the irises between cavities. Gains of 10 db have been achieved over 10% bandwidth and more gain over wider passbands can be obtained by simply adding more cavity sections. The critical effect of pump phase shift on stability, shape of response curves and bandwidth is illustrated. Results of noise measurements will be given and compared with theory.
928: Long-Term Oral Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Therapy Alleviates Recurrent Priapism (2006)

with EJD, 14.3% for EJD without ED, 50.9% for total ED, and 40.5% for total EJD (P=0
Pyranosyl‐RNA: Base Pairing between Homochiral Oligonucleotide Strands of Opposite Sense of Chirality (1996)

Pyranosyl-RNA, an isomer of natural RNA (constitution and pairing conformation shown on the right), displays remarkable properties. Homochiral pyranosyl-RNA strands with opposite senses of chirality are found to pair to give quasi-racemic duplexes. Correspondingly altered pairing rules result.
Vertical oxide nanotubes connected by subsurface microchannels (2012)

We describe the fabrication of arrays of oxide nanotubes using a combination of bottom up and top down nanofabrication. The nanotubes are made from epitaxially grown semiconductor nanowires that are covered with an oxide layer using atomic layer deposition. The tips of the oxide-covered nanowires are removed by argon sputtering and the exposed semiconductor core is then selectively etched, leaving a hollow oxide tube. We show that it is possible to create fluidic connections to the nanotubes by a combination of electron beam lithography to precisely define the nanotube positions and controlled wet under-etching. DNA transport is demonstrated in the microchannel. Cells were successfully cultured on the nanotube arrays, demonstrating compatibility with cell-biological applications. Our device opens up the possibility of injecting molecules into cells with both spatial and temporal control.
Microhaemodynamics within the blade tip clearance of a centrifugal turbodynamic blood pump (2008)

A persistent challenge facing the quantitative design of turbodynamic blood pumps is the great disparity of spatial scales between the primary and auxiliary flow paths. Fluid passages within journals and adjacent to the blade tips are often on the scale of several blood cells, confounding the application of macroscopic continuum models. Yet, precisely in these regions there exists the highest shear stress, which is most likely to cause cellular trauma. This disparity has motivated these microscopic studies to visualize the kinematics of the blood cells within the small clearances of a miniature turbodynamic blood pump. A transparent model of a miniature centrifugal pump having an adjustable tip clearance (50-200 microm) was prepared for direct optical visualization of the region between the impeller blade tip and the stationary housing. Synchronized images of the blood cells were obtained by a microscopic visualization system, consisting of an inverted microscope fitted with long-working-distance objective lens (40x), mercury lamp, and high-resolution charge-coupled device camera electronically triggered by the rotation of the impeller. Experiments with 7 microm fluorescent particles revealed the influence of the gap dimension on the trajectory across the blade thickness. The lateral component of velocity (perpendicular to the blade) was dramatically enhanced in the 50 microm gap compared with the 200 microm gap, thereby reducing the exposure time. Studies with diluted bovine blood (Ht = 0.5 per cent) showed that the concentration of cells traversing the gap is also reduced dramatically (30 per cent) as the blade tip clearance is reduced from 200 microm to 50 microm. These results motivate further investigation into the microfluidic phenomena responsible for cellular trauma within turbodynamic blood pumps.
Coded and compressive THz imaging with metamaterials (2014)

Imaging in long wavelength regimes holds huge potential in many fields, from security to skin cancer detection. However, it is often difficult to image at these frequencies – the so called ‘THz gap<sup>1</sup>’ is no exception. Current techniques generally involve mechanically raster scanning a single detector to gain spatial information<sup>2</sup>, or utilization of a THz focal plane array (FPA)<sup>3</sup>. However, raster scanning results in slow image acquisition times and FPAs are relatively insensitive to THz radiation, requiring the use of high powered sources. In a different approach, a single pixel detector can be used in which radiation from an object is spatially modulated with a coded aperture to gain spatial information. This multiplexing technique has not fully taken off in the THz regime due to the lack of efficient coded apertures, or spatial light modulators (SLMs), that operate in this regime. Here we present the implementation of a single pixel THz camera using an active SLM. We use metamaterials to create an electronically controllable SLM, permitting the acquisition of high-fidelity THz images. We gain a signal-to-noise advantage over raster scanning schemes through a multiplexing technique<sup>4</sup>. We also use a source that is orders of magnitude lower in power than most THz FPA implementations<sup>3,5</sup>. We are able to utilize compressive sensing algorithms to reduce the number of measurements needed to reconstruct an image, and hence increase our frame rate to 1 Hz. This first generation device represents a significant step towards the realization of a single pixel THz camera.
Development and characterization of a new low stress molybdenum silicide film for 45 nm attenuated phase shift mask manufacturing (2007)

As optical lithography is extended for use in manufacturing 45 nm devices, it becomes increasingly important to maximize the lithography process window and enable the largest depth of focus possible at the wafer stepper. Consequently it is very important that the reticles used in the wafer stepper be as flat as possible. The ITRS roadmap requirement for mask flatness for 45 nm node is 250 nm. To achieve this very tight reticle flatness requirement, the stress of each film present on the mask substrate must be minimized. Another key reticle specification influenced by film stress on the mask blank is image placement. In this paper, we will describe the development and detailed characterization of a new low stress Molybdenum Silicide (MoSi) film for use in manufacturing 45 nm node critical level attenuated phase shift masks to be used in 193 nm immersion lithography. Data assessing and comparing the cleaning durability, mask flatness, image placement, Critical Dimension (CD) performance, dry etch properties, phase performance, and defect performance of the new low stress MoSi film versus the previous industry standard A61A higher stress MoSi attenuator film will be described. The results of our studies indicate that the new low stress MoSi film is suitable for 45 nm mask manufacturing and can be introduced with minimal changes to the mask manufacturing process.
Clinical performance of the 4Kscore Test to predict high-grade prostate cancer at biopsy: A meta-analysis of us and European clinical validation study results. (2017)

The 4Kscore<sup>®</sup> Test (OPKO Diagnostics, Woburn, MA) is a blood test utilized prior to a prostate biopsy to determine a patient's risk of high-grade prostate cancer (PCa) should the biopsy be performed, thus providing critical information in the clinical management of men with a suspicious prostate-specific antigen value or digital rectal examination result. Multiple US and European clinical studies confirmed that a prebiopsy 4Kscore Test has a high degree of discrimination for a subsequent discovery of high-grade (Gleason score ≥7) PCa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the 4Kscore Test to discriminate between patients with and without high-grade PCa based on published clinical validation studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the eligible 4Kscore Test clinical validation studies was conducted. The pooled area under the curve (AUC) of the 4Kscore Test as reported from all the studies, and the heterogeneity among these studies were analyzed and repeated for subgroups of the studies. Twelve clinical validation studies were included in the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 11,134 patients. The pooled AUC to discriminate for high-grade PCa for all 12 studies was 0.81 (fixed effects 95% CI, 0.80-0.83). Restricting the analysis to the six publications that used the contemporary 4Kscore Test algorithm led to very similar results (AUC 0.81; 95% CI, 0.79-0.83). Heterogeneity was high among all of the 12 studies, as well as among the six publications that used the contemporary 4Kscore Test (Cochrane's <i>Q</i> test, <i>p</i> = 0.001 for both); however, in both cases, after exclusion of a single outlying study with a much lower AUC, heterogeneity was no longer significant (<i>p</i> = 0.08 and <i>p</i> = 0.21). The pooled estimate of 4Kscore Test discrimination (AUC) for high-grade PCa is >0.80, and is consistent across multiple US and European clinical validation studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugated Compounds Based on Vinylthiazole Units. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
One-Step and Two-Step Description of Deexcitation Processes in Weakly Interacting Systems (1996)

The origin of one- and two-step behavior of core-hole decay processes is identified in connection with high resolution autoionization spectra for Ar/Pt(111). The spectra simultaneously show features of the two types (resonant Raman vs Auger-like behavior). The character of the process is determined by whether excitations in the intermediate state created in the scattering process are detected in the decay process or not. The consequences for phenomena like resonant Raman Auger, resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, and resonant photoemission are discussed.
Search for top squarks in the four-body decay mode with single lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2023)

A bstract A search for the pair production of the lightest supersymmetric partner of the top quark, the top squark ( $$ {\overset{\sim }{\textrm{t}}}_1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ), is presented. The search targets the four-body decay of the $$ {\overset{\sim }{\textrm{t}}}_1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , which is preferred when the mass difference between the top squark and the lightest supersymmetric particle is smaller than the mass of the W boson. This decay mode consists of a bottom quark, two other fermions, and the lightest neutralino ( $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ), which is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Events are selected using the presence of a high-momentum jet, an electron or muon with low transverse momentum, and a significant missing transverse momentum. The signal is selected based on a multivariate approach that is optimized for the difference between m ( $$ {\overset{\sim }{\textrm{t}}}_1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) and m ( $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ). The contribution from leading background processes is estimated from data. No significant excess is observed above the expectation from standard model processes. The results of this search exclude top squarks at 95% confidence level for masses up to 480 and 700 GeV for m ( $$ {\overset{\sim }{\textrm{t}}}_1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) − m ( $$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>~</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> ) = 10 and 80 GeV, respectively.
Celastrol-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles as an anti-inflammatory intervention for the treatment of asthma (2020)

The present study aimed to formulate celastrol into liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) through ultrasonication to enhance its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of asthma. The physiochemical characteristics, in-vitro release studies were determined along with molecular simulations. Celastrol-loaded LCNPs showed the mean particle size of 194.1 ± 9.78 nm and high entrapment efficiency of 99.1 ± 0.02%. TEM revealed cubical-like structure of the nanoparticles and in-vitro release study demonstrated sustained drug release. They also demonstrated significant activity in reducing IL-1β production, when evaluated using immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines (BCi-NS1.1), that may help alleviate the symptoms of asthma.
Clavin, a Type‐1 Ribosome‐Inactivating Protein from Aspergillus clavatus IF0 8605 (1996)

We describe the cloning and expression of a new cDNA from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus clavatus IFO 8605. This cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) that predicts a putative ribonuclease precursor with high similarity to the alpha-sarcin family of ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs). The cDNA encoding the mature protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein, a 17-kDa polypeptide designated clavin was purified and characterized. Clavin shows typical type-1 RIP properties: specific cleavage of ribosomal and synthetic RNA and inhibition of protein synthesis in cell-free and cellular systems. When selectively targeted to a tumour cell antigen by coupling to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) clavin was able to inhibit protein synthesis at nanomolar concentration. Pharmacokinetics analysis in mice indicated an elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of 7.4 h with no particular accumulation in major organs. Liver toxicity was very limited and transient while no alteration of kidney function was observed. Clavin induced a late and very low antibody response in mice. The in vitro and in vivo biological characteristics of clavin, together with its availability in large amounts, suggest the usefulness of this toxin in the production of toxic chemical conjugates.
Search and Rescue in a Maze-like Environment with Ant and Dijkstra Algorithms (2021)

With the growing reliability of modern Ad Hoc Networks, it is encouraging to analyze potential involvement of autonomous Ad Hoc agents in critical situations where human involvement could be perilous. One such critical scenario is the Search and Rescue effort in the event of a disaster where timely discovery and help deployment is of utmost importance. This paper demonstrates the applicability of a bio-inspired technique, namely Ant Algorithms (AA), in optimizing the search time for a near optimal path to a trapped victim, followed by the application of Dijkstra's algorithm in the rescue phase. The inherent exploratory nature of AA is put to use for a faster mapping and coverage of the unknown search space. Four different AA are implemented, with different effects of the pheromone in play. An inverted AA, with repulsive pheromones, was found to be the best fit for this particular application. After considerable exploration, upon discovery of the victim, the autonomous agents further facilitate the rescue process by forming a relay network, using the already deployed resources. Hence, the paper discusses a detailed decision making model of the swarm, segmented into two primary phases, responsible for the search and rescue respectively. Different aspects of the performance of the agent swarm are analyzed, as a function of the spatial dimensions, the complexity of the search space, the deployed search group size, and the signal permeability of the obstacles in the area.
HeLaTG cells have mitochondrial DNA inserted into the c-myc oncogene. (1991)

To determine whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) fragments found within the nucleus are transcribed, we have differentially screened a HeLaTG cDNA library. A clone that hybridized to mtDNA as well as to c-myc was identified. Analysis of the cDNA disclosed that it contained a mtDNA sequence, encoding cytochrome-c oxidase subunit III (coxIII) that was contiguous with and 5' of a c-myc sequence corresponding to part of exon 2 and exon 3. Hybridization of ScaI-digested DNA with a 1.05 kb c-myc probe revealed a unique band in HeLaTG cells, as well as a band common to HeLaTG and 13 other cell types examined. Solution hybridization of HeLaTG RNA with a radiolabeled, single-stranded cDNA probe containing the coxIII-c-myc junction demonstrated a nuclease-resistant band that matched the full length of the junctional cDNA probe. A smaller band that equaled the size of the c-myc portion alone was also detected. Only the smaller band coinciding with the c-myc sequences was protected from nuclease digestion by RNA from other cells. When a radiolabeled probe synthesized in the opposite orientation was used, nuclease-resistant bands equal in length to the coxIII portion of the probe were detected after hybridization with RNA from all cells. These results indicate that insertion of mtDNA fragments into nuclear genes occurs and that subsequent transcription of a 'chimaeric' or 'fusion' mRNA containing both mitochondrial and nuclear sequences can ensue.
Search for a multi-Higgs-boson cascade inW+W−bb¯events with the ATLAS detector inppcollisions ats=8  TeV (2014)

A search is presented for new particles in an extension to the Standard Model that includes a heavy Higgs boson (H 0 ), an intermediate charged Higgs-boson pair (H AE ), and a light Higgs boson (h 0 ). The analysis searches for events involving the production of a single heavy neutral Higgs boson which decays to the charged Higgs boson and a W boson, where the charged Higgs boson subsequently decays into a W boson and the lightest neutral Higgs boson decaying to a bottom-antibottom-quark pair. Such a cascade results in a W-boson pair and a bottom-antibottom-quark pair in the final state. Events with exactly one lepton, missing transverse momentum, and at least four jets are selected from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1 , collected by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at ffiffi ffi s p 8 TeV at the LHC. The data are found to be consistent with Standard Model predictions, and 95% confidence-level upper limits are set on the product of cross section and branching ratio. These limits range from 0.065 to 43 pb as a function of H 0 and H AE masses, with m h 0 fixed at 125 GeV.
Gene therapy and tissue engineering in orthopaedic surgery. (2006)

Despite setbacks in other fields, gene therapy in orthopaedic surgery continues to serve as the basis for novel treatments of various musculoskeletal disorders. Even in the brief time since the last review of scientific progress in this area, another orthopaedic-related disease has joined the ranks of those studied in gene therapy clinical trials. Armed with new techniques and new reagents, and committed to the increased use of tissue engineering, physicians and scientists continue to work together to accelerate tissue repair and reverse the course of chronic debilitating diseases.
Isomerism of [64Cu-NOTA-Bn]-Labeled Radiotracers: Separation of Two Complex Isomers and Determination of Their Interconversion Energy Barrier Using Ion Pair Chromatography (2011)

The model complex [(64)Cu((S)-p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA)](-) ([(64)Cu]1) was used to study the isomerism of [(64)Cu-NOTA-Bn]-labeled radiotracers. Two complex isomers [(64)Cu]1a and [(64)Cu]1b, which were formed at a ratio of 1:9 during the complexation of [(64)Cu]Cu(2+) with (S)-p-NH(2)-Bn-NOTA, were separated using ion pair chromatography. To study the interconversion, the nonradioactive complex isomers Cu1a and Cu1b were separated and thermally treated at 90 °C in both ammonium acetate solution and deionized water. A faster interconversion rate was observed for both isomers with lower concentrations of ammonium ions. At the end of reaction, the thermodynamic Cu1a to Cu1b equilibrium ratio was 6:94. The particular energy barriers of the interconversion for Cu1a and Cu1b were 130 kJ mol(-1) and 140 kJ mol(-1). Spectrophotometric measurements with Cu1a and Cu1b revealed two isomers adopting different geometrical configurations.