gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BiTAT: Neural Network Binarization with Task-dependent Aggregated Transformation (2022)

Neural network quantization aims to transform high-precision weights and activations of a given neural network into low-precision weights/activations for reduced memory usage and computation, while preserving the performance of the original model. However, extreme quantization (1-bit weight/1-bit activations) of compactly-designed backbone architectures (e.g., MobileNets) often used for edge-device deployments results in severe performance degeneration. This paper proposes a novel Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) method that can effectively alleviate performance degeneration even with extreme quantization by focusing on the inter-weight dependencies, between the weights within each layer and across consecutive layers. To minimize the quantization impact of each weight on others, we perform an orthonormal transformation of the weights at each layer by training an input-dependent correlation matrix and importance vector, such that each weight is disentangled from the others. Then, we quantize the weights based on their importance to minimize the loss of the information from the original weights/activations. We further perform progressive layer-wise quantization from the bottom layer to the top, so that quantization at each layer reflects the quantized distributions of weights and activations at previous layers. We validate the effectiveness of our method on various benchmark datasets against strong neural quantization baselines, demonstrating that it alleviates the performance degeneration on ImageNet and successfully preserves the full-precision model performance on CIFAR-100 with compact backbone networks.
Abstract W P21: Should We Perform Thrombectomy In Patients With Wake-up Strokes? A Case Series Using Ct Perfusion For Patient Selection (2015)

Background and objectives: Approximately 25% of patients who present with acute ischemic stroke are wake-up strokes. These patients are often not treated with IV thrombolytics because of unclear onset of symptoms. Little data exists on endovascular therapy as acute treatment for this population, particularly with an aspiration technique. The objective of this study is to compare outcomes of patients who presented with wake-up strokes due to large vessel occlusion treated with neuroendovascular procedures versus those who received conservative treatment, based on a 2-year (2012-2013), single center experience at Ochsner Medical Center in New Orleans, LA. Method: 24 consecutive patients, who presented with wake-up strokes, were outside the IV tPA window, and had both CTA confirmed intracranial LVO and CT-perfusion data upon arrival to our institution were retrospectively studied. Patients with hemorrhages, tandem lesions, or high-grade carotid stenosis were excluded from this analysis. Decision to perform endovascular treatment was made by the vascular neurologist and neuro-interventionalist based on stroke severity and CTA/perfusion data. Patients in group 1 (n = 8) underwent endovascular revascularization procedures; patients in group 2 (n = 16) were treated conservatively (medical management alone). Presentation NIHSS, risk factors, mortality, discharge NIHSS, discharge mRS, and follow up mRS were compared. Results: There were no statistical differences in patient population regarding age, gender, and risk factors. There was no statistical difference in their initial NIHSS (16.8 vs. 21.8, p=0.05162), or mortality (0% vs 21%, pr=0.262). The two groups were statistically different in their discharge NIHSS (7.25 vs 21.81, p&lt;0.00045), discharge mRS (2 vs 5, p&lt;0.00001), clinic follow up mRS (1.37 vs 4.94, p&lt;0.00001), and good outcome at discharge (mRS 0-2)(75% vs 0%, pr&lt;0.0002). Conclusion: Patients with wake-up strokes, LVO, and favorable CT-perfusion data who underwent neuroendovascular reperfusion treatment had significantly better outcomes in our population, despite similar stroke severity at presentation. This suggests that with careful selection, neuroendovascular therapy for wake-up strokes may lead to improved outcomes.
Supplementary Table S3 from A Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse Modulators that Mediate IRE1α–XBP1 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table representing the effects of the four individual siRNAs tested during secondary screen (deconvolution).&lt;/p&gt;
Home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) for the early detection of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in Japanese women: a multicenter prospective study (2017)

A multicenter study on home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) targeting Japanese pregnant women by the Japan Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (JSSHP) has been ongoing since 2016. To date, over 200 pregnant women have been enrolled. This is an interim report.
Chemical Sensing with Nanowires (2012)

Transformational advances in the performance of nanowire-based chemical sensors and biosensors have been achieved over the past two to three years. These advances have arisen from a better understanding of the mechanisms of transduction operating in these devices, innovations in nanowire fabrication, and improved methods for incorporating receptors into or onto nanowires. Nanowire-based biosensors have detected DNA in undiluted physiological saline. For silicon nanowire nucleic acid sensors, higher sensitivities have been obtained by eliminating the passivating oxide layer on the nanowire surface and by substituting uncharged protein nucleic acids for DNA as the capture strands. Biosensors for peptide and protein cancer markers, based on both semiconductor nanowires and nanowires of conductive polymers, have detected these targets at physiologically relevant concentrations in both blood plasma and whole blood. Nanowire chemical sensors have also detected several gases at the parts-per-million level. This review discusses these and other recent advances, concentrating on work published in the past three years.
A Framework for Measuring the Impact of Web Spam (2007)

Abstract Web spam potentially causes three deleterious effects: unnecessary work for crawlers and search engines; diversion of traffic away from legitimate businesses; and annoyance to search engine users through poorer results. Past research on web spam has focused on spamming techniques, spam suppression techniques, and methods for classifying web content as spam or non-spam. Here we focus on the deterioration of search result quality caused by the presence of spam in a countryscale web. We present a framework for measuring the degradation in quality of search results caused by the presence of web spam. We index the 80 million page UK2006 web spam collection on one machine. We trial the proposed framework in an experiment with the UK2006 collection and demonstrate that simple removal of spam pages from result sets can increase result quality. We conclude that the framework is a reasonable vehicle for research in this area and outline changes necessary for planned future experiments.
The CALM and CALM/AF10 interactor CATS is a marker for proliferation (2008)

The CATS protein was recently identified as a novel CALM interacting protein. CATS increases the nuclear and specifically the nucleolar localization of the leukemogenic CALM/AF10 fusion protein. We cloned and characterized the murine Cats gene. Detailed analysis of murine Cats expression during mouse embryogenesis showed an association with rapidly proliferating tissues. Interestingly, the Cats transcript is highly expressed in murine hematopoietic cells transformed by CALM/AF10. The CATS protein is highly expressed in leukemia, lymphoma and tumor cell lines but not in non-proliferating T-cells or human peripheral blood lymphocytes. CATS protein levels are cell cycle dependent and it is induced by mitogens, suggesting a role of CATS in the control of cell proliferation and possibly CALM/AF10-mediated leukemogenesis.
Filtering sources of unwanted traffic (2008)

There is a large and increasing amount of unwanted traffic on the Internet today, including phishing, spam, and distributed denial-of-service attacks. One way to deal with this problem is to filter unwanted traffic at the routers based on source IP addresses. Because of the limited number of available filters in the routers today, aggregation is used in practice: a single filter describes and blocks an entire range of IP addresses. This results in blocking of all (unwanted and wanted) traffic generated from hosts with IP addresses in that range. In this paper, we develop a family of algorithms that, given a blacklist containing the source IP addresses of unwanted traffic and a constraint on the number of filters, construct a set of filtering rules that optimize the tradeoff between the unwanted and legitimate traffic that is blocked. We show that our algorithms are optimal and also computationally efficient. Furthermore, we demonstrate that they are particularly beneficial when applied to realistic distributions of sources of unwanted traffic, which are known to exhibit spatial and temporal clustering.
Conversion of (ligno)cellulose feeds to isosorbide with heteropoly acids and ru on carbon (2013)

The catalytic valorization of cellulose is currently subject of intense research. Isosorbide is among the most interesting products that can be formed from cellulose as it is a potential platform molecule and can be used for the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and polymers. A promising direct route from cellulose to isosorbide is presented in this work. The strategy relies on a one-pot bifunctional catalytic concept, combining heteropoly acids, viz. H(4)SiW(12)O(40), and redox catalysts, viz. commercial Ru on carbon, under H(2) pressure. Starting from pure microcrystalline cellulose, a rapid conversion was observed, resulting in over 50% isosorbide yield. The robustness of the developed system is evidenced by the conversion of a range of impure cellulose pulps obtained by organosolv fractionation, with isosorbide yields up to 63%. Results were compared with other (ligno)cellulose feedstocks, highlighting the importance of fractionation and purification to increase reactivity and convertibility of the cellulose feedstock.
Mitigation of Noise and Vibration in the High-Pressure Fuel System of a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine (2012)

Abstract In the past decade, deployment of high-pressure direct injection systems in petrol engines has dramatically increased, mainly due to the advantages for fuel economy. At the heart of a gasoline direct injection system lies the high-pressure fuel pump, which pressurizes the petrol to more than 30 times compared to that of conventional port fuel injected engines. The high-pressure system is driven mechanically by the cam-shaft, and results in generation of inherent undesirable noise which renders the sound quality of the traditionally-silent petrol engine similar to that of a common-rail diesel engine. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the measures developed to mitigate the inherent noise of the high-pressure direct injection system. For the high-pressure pump, Design of Experiments was employed to enable the improvement of the mechanical design attributes of the outlet valve. Model-based control design and advanced control algorithms were developed and deployed on the real-time controller to reduce the noise of the solenoid valve which controls the flow through the pump, hence reducing the inlet valve's ticking noise. The high-pressure fuel is delivered from the pump to the combustion chambers via the high-pressure fuel rail and injectors: when the latter are energized, they induce significant structure-borne vibration in the engine block which in turn results in undesirable noise: this was mitigated by developing an isolation system for the fuel rail and a suspension mounting scheme for the fuel injectors. Our paper presents the details and merits of these component- and system-level developments, each of which resulted in noise reductions of 2 - 6 dB(A) at the various characteristic frequency bands of the gasoline direction injection system during engine idling conditions
Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic data on vaccine response in relation to exposure to five principal perfluoroalkyl substances (2023)

Epidemiologic data on immunosuppression and five principal PFAS suggest an association, with support across antibodies against multiple types of antigens. Data on Diphtheria, Rubella, and Tetanus were more supportive of an association than for other antibodies, and support was greater for associations with PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS, than for PFNA or PFDA. The data on any specific antibody were scarce. Confounding factors that might account for the relation were not identified. Nearly all studies evaluated were judged to have a low or moderate risk of bias.
Spectral characterization of fine‐scale wind waves using shipboard optical polarimetry (2015)

Abstract Fine‐scale sea surface waves are of profound importance to a number of air‐sea interaction processes. Due to a number of reasons, there exists a great degree of difficulty in obtaining quality in situ observations of these waves. This paper presents the application of a shipboard wave‐sensing method toward the following quantifications: regime‐specific contribution to sea surface slope and sensitivity to wind speed increases. Measurements were made via polarimetric camera, resolving waves with wavelengths ranging from 0.21 to 0.003 m (30 rad/m &lt; k &lt; 1750 rad/m). The gravity‐capillary regime was found to contribute the bulk of mean square slope during stationary wind conditions and supply the majority of mean square slope growth during periods of increasing wind speed. Capillary waves were found to contribute approximately 5% of the overall surface roughness. Furthermore, capillary waves were found to be the least sensitive to increases in wind speed. This implies that such waves saturate at low wind speeds ( 3 m/s) and slow wind speed increases ( 0.02 ). The slight roughness contribution from capillary waves and significant contribution from gravity‐capillary waves offers insight for scientists in the remote sensing field and important information for the formation of new wave models.
The role of an alginate suspension on pepsin and bile acids - key aggressors in the gastric refluxate. Does this have implications for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease? (2009)

During a reflux event the oesophagus is exposed to a heterogeneous mixture of gastric juice components. The role of non-acid components of the refluxate in causing damage to the oesophagus is now well established but no therapeutic option exists to address this. The role of Gaviscon Advance (GA), a raft-forming alginate suspension, in protecting the oesophagus from damage by pepsin and bile acids (aggressors) was investigated using a series of in-vitro models. GA was able to dose-dependently inhibit pepsin activity over and above the neutralisation effect of the formulation. This was evident against both protein and collagen substrates using two distinct colorimetric assays. GA was able to retard the diffusion of pepsin and multiple bile acids using a Franz cell model. Using the raft-forming mode of action GA was able to remove both pepsin and multiple bile acids from a simulated reflux event. There was capacity in the GA raft to accommodate aggressors from multiple reflux events. GA can specifically remove both pepsin and bile acids from the refluxate, limit their diffusion and affect enzymatic activity of pepsin. There is a role for GA to reduce the damaging potential of the refluxate and thus protect the oesophagus.
A phase-space beam summation formulation for ultrawide-band radiation. II: a multiband scheme (2005)

The ultrawide-band (UWB) beam summation representation introduced in Part I of this two-part sequence, is extended here to make it more efficient for excitations with bandwidths that are larger than one octave. The main features of the basic formulation in Part I were: 1) utilization of overcomplete windowed Fourier transform (WFT) frames to construct the beam lattice (or skeleton) that is independent of the frequency; 2) the use of isodiffracting Gaussian beams (ID-GBs) provides the snuggest frame representation, and thus stable and localized expansion coefficients, for all frequencies; 3) the ID-GBs can readily be tracked in the ambient medium and, due to the ID property, their propagation parameters are calculated only once and then can be used for all frequencies. Although the basic formulation can accommodate large bandwidths, it becomes increasingly less efficient at the low end of the frequency spectrum where the overcompleteness increases. The self-consistent multiband beam-summation scheme presented here extends and generalizes the basic formulation of Part I by dividing the excitation band into one-octave sub-bands and applying the UWB beam expansion of Part I in each band. This is done, though, via a novel self-consistent scheme wherein the beam sets at the lower bands are decimated subsets of those at the highest band, so that only the set of beam-propagators at the highest band needs to be traced, while for the lower bands one uses properly decimated subsets. This approach requires less beam elements at the lower frequency bands and thus keeps the overcompleteness (oversampling) in all the bands below a given level. As in Part I, we provide the guidelines for choosing the expansion parameters and then demonstrate the effectiveness of the new scheme via a numerical example of UWB focused aperture whose frequency band spans several octaves.
<title>Design and performance of a high-quality cardiac flat detector</title> (2002)

A dynamic flat detector with optimized overall system design has been developed by Trixell together with its partners. This detector enables the application of flat detector technology in cardiac procedures, including difficult applications like low-dose fluoroscopy, and later extending to digital subtraction angiography and high-speed bi-plane. The key parameters for the optimized design are the high DQE over a large dose range, the excellent linearity and the temporal behavior of the detector. High DQE performance could be realized best by using a thick CsI layer for high absorption. This guarantees a salient MTF of 65 percent at 1 lp/mm and 37 percent at 2 lp/mm even for thick layers because the detrimental effects of the dead layer are avoided. The well known temporal artifacts problems associated with a:Si-CsI technology have been solved using flashes of light in combination with a reset sequence at the beginning of every frame, which keeps the traps in the a-Si photodiodes constantly filled. Switching dose levels therefore leads only to a marginal change in the trap occupation, resulting in a low temporal cross-talk. Experimental data for the mentioned applications are demonstrated.
Mobile water-lithium bromide absorption machine using the engine exhaust gases as energy source. (1994)

Un essai a ete effectue sur un moteur diesel de 100 kilowatts sur toute la gamme des temperatures et des debits des gaz d'echappement, allant du point mort a la pleine charge. Un prototype de groupe frigorifique a absorption au bromure de lithium d'une capacite frigorifique de 7 kilowatts a ete mis au point. L'economie d'energie et les resultats des essais sont presentes.
Functional and Structural Analysis of the Siderophore Synthetase AsbB through Reconstitution of the Petrobactin Biosynthetic Pathway from Bacillus anthracis (2012)

Petrobactin, a mixed catechol-carboxylate siderophore, is required for full virulence of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. The asbABCDEF operon encodes the biosynthetic machinery for this secondary metabolite. Here, we show that the function of five gene products encoded by the asb operon is necessary and sufficient for conversion of endogenous precursors to petrobactin using an in vitro system. In this pathway, the siderophore synthetase AsbB catalyzes formation of amide bonds crucial for petrobactin assembly through use of biosynthetic intermediates, as opposed to primary metabolites, as carboxylate donors. In solving the crystal structure of the B. anthracis siderophore biosynthesis protein B (AsbB), we disclose a three-dimensional model of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-independent siderophore (NIS) synthetase. Structural characteristics provide new insight into how this bifunctional condensing enzyme can bind and adenylate multiple citrate-containing substrates followed by incorporation of both natural and unnatural polyamine nucleophiles. This activity enables formation of multiple end-stage products leading to final assembly of petrobactin. Subsequent enzymatic assays with the nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like AsbC, AsbD, and AsbE polypeptides show that the alternative products of AsbB are further converted to petrobactin, verifying previously proposed convergent routes to formation of this siderophore. These studies identify potential therapeutic targets to halt deadly infections caused by B. anthracis and other pathogenic bacteria and suggest new avenues for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel compounds.
A Method for Evaluating Brain Deformation Under Sagittal Blunt Impacts Using a Half-Skull Human-Scale Surrogate (2022)

The results reveal large differences in the spatial and temporal strain responses between crown and forehead impacts. Overall, the results suggest that for the same speed, crown impact leads to higher magnitude strain patterns than a frontal impact. The data provided by this model provides unique insight into the spatial and temporal deformation patterns that have not been provided by alternate surrogate models. The model can be used to investigate how anatomical, material and loading features and parameters can affect deformation patterns in specific regions of interest in the brain.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Coupled Rotational-Translational Spacecraft Relative Motion (2019)

In this paper, a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) policy is developed for kinematically and dynamically coupled rotational-translational motion of a chaser spacecraft relative to an uncooperative, tumbling target asteroid. The goal of the NMPC policy is to rendezvous the chaser spacecraft, equipped with a robotic grasper, to the asteroid surface to collect a sample rock. The relative spacecraft motion model is kinematically coupled due to the non-center-of-mass points on both the target and chaser. Additionally, the chaser spacecraft is actuated by eight gimbaled thrusters, introducing dynamic coupling via control that simultaneously produces forces and torques. The combined 6-degree-of-freedom kinematically and dynamically coupled relative motion model is constrained by the NMPC policy to approach the asteroid surface via a line-of-sight cone, while enforcing thruster gimbal limit constraints. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the NMPC policy in bringing the chaser spacecraft to rest relative the tumbling asteroid while satisfying state and input constraints.