gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melatonin Decreases Acute Inflammatory Response to Neural Probe Insertion (2022)

Neural electrode insertion trauma impedes the recording and stimulation capabilities of numerous diagnostic and treatment avenues. Implantation leads to the activation of inflammatory markers and cell types, which is detrimental to neural tissue health and recording capabilities. Oxidative stress and inflammation at the implant site have been shown to decrease with chronic administration of antioxidant melatonin at week 16, but its effects on the acute landscape have not been studied. To assess the effect of melatonin administration in the acute phase, specifically the first week post-implantation, we utilized histological and q-PCR methods to quantify cellular and molecular indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress in the tissue surrounding implanted probes in C57BL/6 mice as well as two-photon microscopy to track the microglial responses to the probes in real-time in transgenic mice expressing GFP with CX3CR1 promotor. Histological results indicate that melatonin effectively maintained neuron density surrounding the electrode, inhibited accumulation and activation of microglia and astrocytes, and reduced oxidative tissue damage. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, were significantly reduced in melatonin-treated animals. Additionally, microglial encapsulation of the implant surface was inhibited by melatonin as compared to control animals following implantation. Our results combined with previous research suggest that melatonin is a particularly suitable drug for modulating inflammatory activity around neural electrode implants both acutely and chronically, translating to more stable and reliable interfaces.
0.83- and 1.3-micron microwave (2-18 GHz) fiber-optic links using directly modulated laser sources (2003)

Loss and noise characteristics of 0.83- mu m and 1.3- mu m directly modulated laser fiber-optic links were measured from 2 to 19 GHz. The 1.3- mu m system exhibited lower loss (46 dB at 18 GHz) and noise figure (64 dB at 18 GHz) than the 0.83- mu m version for frequencies above 10 GHz. Deleterious feedback-induced effects were observed in the 0.83- mu m link, including sporadic 45-dB radiofrequency signal dropouts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High power microwave generation with nonlinear transmission lines (2016)

Summary form only given. Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc. (EHT) is investigating the generation of high power microwaves using the EHT Nanosecond Pulser (NSP) and nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs). The EHT NSP provides independent control of the output voltage (20 kV), pulse width (20-200 ns), and pulse repetition frequency (up to 100 kHz) and is used to drive two different NLTLs. The gyromagnetic NLTL produces RF around 2 GHz. EHT has constructed a test setup including solenoid for producing an axial field. Experimental results, including RF measurements with a D-dot probe, will be presented. The second NLTL is based on the nonlinear properties of high voltage, Schottky diodes and produces RF at a lower frequency. Rise time sharpening and RF experimental data and modeling results will be presented.
Arsenic in Water: Speciation, Sources, Distribution, and Toxicology (2019)

Abstract Arsenic ( As ), an elemental metalloid, occurs primarily in metallic and sulfide ores. Both natural (e.g. volcanoes, weathering, and leaching) and anthropogenic activities (e.g. mining, wood preservation, etc.) determine its current global distribution. Water sources (particularly groundwater), soil, and air are all likely to contain arsenic‐based species in regions near to the sources. From a human ecology standpoint, As enters the human body primarily through food (which contains As via bioaccumulation) and contaminated water. The World Health Organization (WHO) and leading environmental monitoring agencies have declared As contamination as a serious concern. To address concerns, As mitigation methods have been developed focusing on human beings (primarily using iron‐based supplements), and remediation of waters (primarily through As removal). Ongoing scientific activities in this area include (i) research leading to increased understanding of As geochemistry (e.g. occurrence, mobilization, geochemical cycles); (ii) revisiting water standards in a location‐specific manner; (iii) biochemistry/cellular toxicology, and its use in therapeutics; and (iv) efforts to mitigate impact of As on humans subjected to chronic exposure. This article provides a comprehensive view of state‐of‐the‐art science and technology regarding As .
Plasma Instrumentation for Fusion Power Reactor Control (1985)

Feedback control will be implemented in fusion power reactors to guard against unpredicted behavior of the plant and to assure desirable operation. In this study, plasma state feedback requirements for plasma control by systems strongly coupled to the plasma (magnet sets, rf, and neutral beam heating systems, and refueling systems) are estimated. Generic considerations regarding the impact of the power reactor environment on plasma instrumentation are outlined. Solutions are proposed to minimize the impact of the power reactor environment on plasma instrumentation. Key plasma diagnostics are evaluated with respect to their potential for upgrade and implementation as power reactor instruments.
Enhancing the resolution of selective inhibition sintering (sis) for metallic part fabrication (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the implementation of a commercial piezoelectric printhead in the fabrication of high-resolution metal parts selective inhibition sintering (SIS-metal). SIS is a disruptive platform additive manufacturing (AM) process capable of printing parts from polymer, metal and ceramic base materials. Design/methodology/approach – The developed system in this paper replaces the single-nozzle solenoid valve previously used in the SIS-metal process and allows for the fabrication of high-resolution parts. A design of experiments approach is utilized to study the effects of important factors in inhibitor deposition. These factors include: composition of the inhibitor, quality of the print and the amount of fluid deposited for each layer. Based on the results of these experiments, parameters have been identified for the creation of 3D parts. Findings – The results of this study were based on the fine tuning of parameters in the updated SIS-metal machine which culminated in the fabrication of complex metallic parts. This study serves as an entry point to important areas of research in need of careful future consideration. These areas include but are not limited to machine robustness, mechanical properties, shrinkage and surface quality. Originality/value – SIS-metal is a novel AM process developed by the CRAFT Laboratories team at the University of Southern California with potential to compete existing metal AM processes in terms of quality, price, materials and speed. The machine developed in this study signifies an order of magnitude improvement in the resolution and quality of SIS-metal parts which are comparable to those fabricated by other AM processes.
Abstract 5143: The role of VEGFR2 in lung cancer differs between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (2011)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a cytokine implicated in proliferation, migration and cell survival that mediates its effects through its major receptor, VEGFR2. VEGFA is highly induced by hypoxia and is a crucial regulator of angiogenesis in both healthy and tumor tissues. For this reason, many efforts have been made to target the VEGFA/VEGFR2 pathway for the treatment of cancer. In lung cancer, an anti-VEGFA therapy (bevacizumab) was approved, in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy, as first line treatment in unresectable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of VEGFA has been widely reported in NSCLC, supporting the idea that VEGFA is produced by tumor cells and activates its receptors on endothelial cells, leading to vascularization of the tumor. However, it is known that NSCLC cells also express VEGFR2, although its role in tumor progression or response to treatment has not been evaluated. The aim of the present work was to study the biological role of the autocrine/paracrine VEGFA loop in NSCLC cells, paying special attention to the differences between the two main histological subtypes. To this purpose, we assessed the expression and activation of the VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway in NSCLC cell lines, analyzing the effect of VEGFR2 inhibition/overexpression in both adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines. Human NSCLC cell lines were examined for the expression of VEGFA and VEGFR2 by real time PCR and Western blotting. All cell lines expressed VEGFA. Two out of ten ADC cell lines (NCI-H441 and NCI-H358), and two out of eleven SCC cell lines (EPLC-272H and LOU-NH91) showed detectable levels of VEGFR2. Addition of exogenous VEGFA to VEGFR2-positive cells induced phosphorylation of the receptor and activation of its intracellular signaling pathway. To better understand the role of VEGFR2 in NSCLC, we used lentiviruses to inhibit or retroviruses to overexpress this protein in VEGFR2-positive cell lines. Changes in VEGFR2 levels had no effect in proliferation or migration in the ADC cell lines. However, in the SCC cell lines, the inhibition of the receptor increased proliferation and decreased migration. When the receptor was overexpressed in the SCC cell lines, the opposite effects were observed. In conclusion, VEGFR2 is expressed by some NSCLC cell lines and its activation may have different effects depending on the histology of the cells. Specifically, in SCC cells the activation of VEGFR2 decreases cell growth. These data illustrate the importance of the different histologies in the study of the VEGFA biology in NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5143
Register integration: a simple and efficient implementation of squash reuse (2002)

Register integration (or simply integration) is a mechanism for incorporating speculative results directly into a sequential execution using data-dependence relationships. In this paper we use integration to implement squash reuse, the salvaging of instruction results that were needlessly discarded during the course of sequential recovery from a control- or datamis-speculation. To implement integration, we first allow the results of squashed instructions to remain in the physical register file past mis-speculation recovery. As the processor re-traces portions of the squashed path, integration logic examines each instruction as it is being renamed. Using an auxiliary table, this circuit searches the physical register file for the physical register belonging to the corresponding squashed instance of the instruction. If this register is found, integration succeeds and the squashed result is re-validated by a simple update of the rename table. Once integrated, an instruction is complete and may bypass the out-of-order core of the machine entirely. Integration reduces contention for queuing and execution resources, collapses dependent chains of instructions and accelerates the resolution of branches. It achieves this using only rename-table manipulations; no additional values are read from or written to the physical registers. Our preliminary evaluation shows that a minimal integration configuration can provide performance improvements of up to 8% when applied to current-generation micro-architectures and up to 11.5% when applied to more aggressive microarchitectures. Integration also reduces the amount of wasteful speculation in the machine, cutting the number of instructions executed by up to 15% and the number of instructions fetched along mis-speculated paths by as much as 6%.
Switchable Passive Wireless Vapour Sensors from Inkjet Printed Electronic Components on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (2016)

A potential route to printed, inexpensive and disposable Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor tags for chemical sensing such as the monitoring of food spoilage is described. The stimuli responsive material poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), is known to swell upon exposure to organic vapors. Colloidal silver ink solutions were printed and sintered onto surface modified PDMS to give conductive silver feed loops. These loops act as the active sensing component in antennae for passive (battery-free) (RFID) tags. When the tags were exposed to certain solvent vapors (e.g. ether, dichloromethane, acetaldehyde) the printed feed loop fractured. This was accompanied by a rapid increase in resistance and ultimately loss of conductivity. This led to a change in the transmitted power and read range of the wireless device. Remarkably upon removal from the vapor, the fractured feed loops reassemble and become conductive again, making them switchable and “multi-use”. The selectivity for the response to the vapors could be directly correlated to a function of the Hansen solubility parameters and vapor pressures of the solvents giving rise to the vapours. Significant differences in the solubility parameters between PDMS and the organic volatile and/or low vapor pressures lead to no significant response (e.g. methanol, acetic acid, popan-1-ol). This work paves the way to a fully inkjet printed RFID substrate for vapor detection.
A phase II and pharmacodynamic study of gefitinib in patients with refractory or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (2007)

The results from this study demonstrated that gefitinib inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR in EOC tumor cells, providing proof of target in a clinical setting. Combinatorial therapy with molecular therapeutics against complementary targets may prove successful.
New advances in the pathophysology of AKI (2012)

&lt;b&gt;Introduction and Aims:&lt;/b&gt; Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI). Most NGAL studies have focused on the early diagnosis of AKI using serum creatinine (Cr)- based definitions as the gold standard. However, another potential application is guidance in the decision to initiate renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with AKI. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of plasma NGAL to predict the need for RRT in adult critically ill patients with AKI. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; We performed a meta-analysis of individual patient data from two prospective ICU cohort studies. AKI was defined as an increase in serum Cr of at least 50% from baseline. Serial plasma NGAL (pNGAL) were measured using a point-of-care standardized clinical platform from ICU admission up to 3rd ICU day in both cohorts. For the analysis, we used Cr and pNGAL on the 1st day of meeting AKI criteria. Primary endpoint of the study was the composite of RRT initiation or death within 7 days of AKI diagnosis. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Individual data of 933 adult patients entered the pooled analysis. Of these 284 had AKI during their ICU stay; 272 had both Cr and pNGAL values on the 1st AKI day. Seventy patients developed the primary outcome, 40 had RRT/death more than 7 days after AKI diagnosis, and 162 survived without need of RRT. Their median pNGAL values on the 1st AKI day were 699, 457 and 223 ng/mL, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the composite of RRT/death within 7 days was 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-0.85) for pNGAL, 0.67 (95%CI, 0.53-0.82) for Cr and 0.73 (95%CI, 0.59-0.88) for the combination of pNGAL+Cr (Fig. 1). On multivariable analysis, pNGAL remained a significant independent predictor for RRT/death after adjustment for age, sex, Cr, APACHE and SOFA scores, sepsis and chronic kidney disease. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; On the 1st day of AKI, pNGAL is a good predictor of RRT/death, and improves prediction over serum Cr alone. The combination of pNGAL with Cr may be potentially useful to inform clinical decisions on RRT initiation.&lt;cross-ref type="fig" refid="GFS190F1"&gt;&lt;/cross-ref&gt; &lt;fig loc="float" id="GFS190F1"&gt;&lt;no&gt;Figure 1.&lt;/no&gt;&lt;caption&gt; Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for plasma NGAL for RRT/ death within 7 days of first AKI diagnosis &lt;/caption&gt; &lt;link locator="gfs19001"&gt;&lt;/fig&gt;
Synthesis and photochemical reactions of a layered manganese carbonyl-zirconium hydrogen phosphate compound (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and photochemical reactions of a layered manganese carbonyl-zirconium hydrogen phosphate compoundCharlotte F. Lee and Mark E. ThompsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 1, 4–5Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00001a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00001a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inability of Complete Androgen Blockade to Increase Survival of Patients with Advanced Prostatic Cancer as Compared to Standard Hormonal Therapy (1987)

It has been proposed that early treatment of patients with advanced prostatic cancer by surgical or medical orchiectomy when combined with a direct acting antiandrogen will result in a more complete form of androgen blockade, thereby increasing response and survival rates compared to orchiectomy alone. We treated 55 patients with previously untreated advanced prostatic cancer by bilateral orchiectomy and additional administration of 50 mg. of the direct acting antiandrogen cyproterone acetate orally per day. Therefore, these patients have undergone a combination therapy that meets the requirements of the proposed complete androgen blockade. All 22 patients with metastases at hospitalization died during the first 4 years of treatment. Among the 33 patients without clinical evidence of metastases at hospitalization 18 were alive after 5 years. Retrospectively, the direct observed 5-year survival rate for the patients treated with a complete androgen blockade did not show any advantage compared to reported data with orchiectomy alone.
Operational Management of Loop-Free Alternates (2016)

Loop-Free Alternates (LFAs), as defined in RFC 5286, constitute an IP Fast Reroute (IP FRR) mechanism enabling traffic protection for IP traffic (and, by extension, MPLS LDP traffic). Following early deployment experiences, this document provides operational feedback on LFAs, highlights some limitations, and proposes a set of refinements to address those limitations. It also proposes required management specifications. This proposal is also applicable to remote-LFA solutions.
Characterization of aLactococcus lactisStrain That Secretes a Major Epitope of Bovine Beta-Lactoglobulin and Evaluation of Its Immunogenicity in Mice (2003)

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (Blg) is one of the major cow's milk allergens. Peptide 41-60 of Blg (Blg41-60) was described as a murine T-cell determinant and a murine, rat, and human immunoglobulin E (IgE) epitope. The aim of this study was the expression of Blg41-60 as a fusion protein in the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis and the characterization of its immunogenicity in mice. We constructed a recombinant strain of L. lactis capable of inducible production and secretion of Blg41-60::Nuc, a fusion protein between Blg41-60 and the mature part of the staphylococcal nuclease (Nuc). The highest production yield of Blg41-60::Nuc (32.5 mg/liter) was reached 4 h after induction. At this time, up to 75% of Blg41-60::Nuc was secreted. When monoclonal antibodies specific for Blg41-60 were used, purified Blg41-60::Nuc and synthetic Blg41-60 exhibited very similar immunoreactivities. Subcutaneous coadministration of purified Blg41-60::Nuc and killed nonrecombinant L. lactis resulted in the induction of specific anti-Blg41-60 IgG2a and IgG1. The IgG1/IgG2a ratio and the lack of specific IgE suggest a Th1-type immune response, i.e., a nonallergic response. Similar administrations of the killed Blg41-60::Nuc-producing L. lactis strain did not elicit a specific immune response, whereas a transitory mucosal IgA-specific immune response was induced in mice after oral administration of the live Blg41-60::Nuc-producing L. lactis strain.
Toward system modeling dedicated to frequency reconfigurable antennas (2011)

With the recent evolution of wireless systems such as cognitive radio, new antennas have to be developed to provide large bandwidth, compact size and especially adaptive parameters for changing environments. The antennas are become more again an essential part of wireless systems. They play a fundamental role both in the propagation and also at a system level. New antennas models must be developed being radically different from those currently available. The potential of linear invariant time models associated to parametric approaches to describe antennas is presented. Based on these approaches, a new method for modeling reconfigurable antennas is proposed.
Specificity of the Local Secretory Antibody to Influenza a Virus Infection (1974)

Abstract In animals immunization against influenza A virus via the respiratory tract provides protection against homologous virus challenge that is superior to immunization via a parenteral route although equivalent levels of specific serum antibodies are induced by both procedures (1–3). The evidence for superiority of local immunization in man is less definitive but several studies have shown at least comparable, if not superior, effectiveness of immunization with viral antigen via the respiratory route compared with the parenteral route (4–6). With a series of other respiratory tract viruses the local production of neutralizing antibody of the IgA subclass in the respiratory tract appears to be related to resistance to infection and disease in man; however, a definitive demonstration of the biologic role of local IgA antibody in resistance to influenzal disease has not yet been achieved (7–9). Recently, evidence was presented which suggested the respiratory tract possesses a local cell-mediated immune mechanism which is distinct from systemic cell-mediated immunity (10). Still lacking with the cellular system, as with the secretory immunoglobulin system, is clear evidence of a role in protection against influenzal disease.