gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucagon Infusion Following Phosphodiesterase Inhibition (1973)

The hemodynamic effects of a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDI), 3-bromo-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo(1,5a)pyrimidine, have been studied in a group of 18 dogs. Glucagon alone was compared to glucagon and PDI infusions. Control animals received saline only in a volume equal to that employed in the treated groups. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor was found to potentiate the rise in cardiac output when added before and during the glucagon infusion by an average of 57% (<i>P</i>&lt;.01) over that observed with glucagon and saline. Glucagon and PDI together increased the cardiac output by 120% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) above that observed in the saline controls. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor caused no significant change in arterial pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, or hematocrit reading. It consistently decreased peripheral resistance. These findings provide additional evidence that the cardiovascular effects of glucagon are mediated by cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate. The potentiation of glucagon by PDI raises the possibility of its use in the clinical management of certain low perfusion states.
View Synthesis from multi-view RGB data using multilayered representation and volumetric estimation (2020)

Aiming at free-view exploration of complicated scenes, this paper presents a method for interpolating views among multi RGB cameras. In this study, we combine the idea of cost volume, which represent 3D information, and 2D semantic segmentation of the scene, to accomplish view synthesis of complicated scenes. We use the idea of cost volume to estimate the depth and confidence map of the scene, and use a multi-layer representation and resolution of the data to optimize the view synthesis of the main object. /Conclusions By applying different treatment methods on different layers of the volume, we can handle complicated scenes containing multiple persons and plentiful occlusions. We also propose the view-interpolation→multi-view reconstruction→view interpolation pipeline to iteratively optimize the result. We test our method on varying data of multi-view scenes and generate decent results.
Changes in Multi-Joint Performance with Age (2002)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether elderly adults exhibit deficits in the performance of multi-joint movements. Two groups of subjects (mean ages, 68.9 and 30.1 years, respectively) participated in this experiment. Subjects performed planar arm pointing movements to various targets. One target could be achieved via elbow extension only, while the remaining 3 required both elbow extension and horizontal shoulder flexion, thus requiring coordination at the 2 joints. In contrast to the young adults, the elderly adults produced movements that became less smooth and less accurate with increasing shoulder joint contribution. The results imply a selective coordination deficit for the elderly adults. In addition, the elderly adults coactivated opposing muscles more than the young adults for the single-joint movement. However, the elderly adults reduced coactivation at both joints for the 2-joint actions, while the young adults did not. These data suggest a relationship between high coactivation levels and good performance for elderly adults. It may be more difficult for the elderly to implement high coactivation levels for multi-joint movements because of the increased energy costs and complexity of planning required in comparison to the single joint actions. Thus, to achieve motor performance, elderly persons appear to use coactivation in a manner that is fundamentally different than young adults.
Studies of energy-transfer and electron-transfer processes involving the 3A2u excited states of binuclear rhodium isocyanide complexes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of energy-transfer and electron-transfer processes involving the 3A2u excited states of binuclear rhodium isocyanide complexesSteven J. Milder, Robert A. Goldbeck, David S. Kliger, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 22, 6761–6764Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00542a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00542a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast gamma-ray event interaction position estimation using k-d tree - a simulation study (2018)

We have developed a gamma-ray interaction-position estimation method using k-d tree search, which can achieve efficiency and accuracy at the same time. This method can be combined with various kinds of closeness metrics such as Euclidean distance, and maximum-likelihood estimation. The time complexity of the k-d tree search method is O(log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (N)), where N represents the number of entries in the reference data set. The accuracy of the k-d tree search is equivalent to that of the exhaustive search method which has the highest achievable accuracy. Most importantly, this method has no requirement on the shapes of mean-detector-response functions (MDRFs), which means that it is also very robust, and can be applied widely without restrictions.
Extended high voltage HBTs in a high-performance BiCMOS process (2011)

An approach to integrate extended high voltage (EHV) npn SiGe heterojunction bipolar transitors (HBTs) in a high-performance BiCMOS process is presented. The EHV HBTs are based on a dedicated high-energy implanted phosphorus-doped subcollector. The epitaxially buried arsenic-doped subcollector of the conventional low-voltage (LV) and high-voltage (HV) HBTs, as well as the base-emitter configuration, which is shared between all three HBT types (i.e. LV, HV, and EHV), remains unchanged. The EHV devices that were fabricated are characterized by BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE0</sub> = 3.5 - 7.7 V, BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CB0</sub> = 14 - 24 V, and peak-f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 54 - 22 GHz. These figures of merit are tunable across the specified ranges by the subcollector implantation energy and dose. The integration of EHV HBTs in NXP's high-performance QUBiC4Xi process enables highly integrated transmitter and receiver ICs for microwave and millimeter-wave applications.
Discriminative infinite latent feature models (2013)

Latent feature models (LFMs) have been widely used to model ordinal rating data and relational network data in various tasks such as collaborative filtering and link prediction, typically in a generative way. Alternatively, one might incorporate max-margin learning into the model via the principle of Maximum Entropy Discrimination (MED) to learn a more discriminative latent feature space that favors the supervised learning task. Another dimension to extend LFMs is to employ Bayesian nonparametric methods to make LFMs self-adaptive to the number of latent features, which is crucial for model complexity control. In this paper we review several recent progresses that have been made in the above two extensions for the task of collaborative filtering and link prediction.
Transparent ceramics and methods of preparation thereof (2023)

A method for forming a transparent ceramic preform in one embodiment includes forming a suspension of oxide particles in a solvent, wherein the suspension includes a dispersant, with the proviso that the suspension does not include a gelling agent; and uniformly curing the suspension for forming a preform of gelled suspension. A method according to another embodiment includes creating a mixture of inorganic particles, a solvent and a dispersant, the inorganic particles having a mean diameter of less than about 2000 nm; agitating the mixture; adding the mixture to a mold; and curing the mixture in the mold for gelling the mixture, with the proviso that no gelling agent is added to the mixture.
Increased siRNA duplex stability correlates with reduced off-target and elevated on-target effects (2011)

Argonaute (Ago) proteins form the core of RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) and mediate small RNA-guided gene silencing. In RNAi, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide RISCs to complementary target RNAs, leading to cleavage by the endonuclease Ago2. Noncatalytic Ago proteins, however, contribute to RNAi as well but cannot cleave target RNA and often generate off-target effects. Here we show that synthetic siRNA duplexes interact with all Ago proteins, but a functional RISC rapidly assembles only around Ago2. By stabilizing the siRNA duplex, we show that the noncatalytic Ago proteins Ago1, -3, and -4 can be selectively blocked and do not form functional RISCs. In addition, stabilized siRNAs form an Ago2-RISC more efficiently, leading to increased silencing activity. Our data suggest novel parameters for the design of siRNAs with selective activation of the endonuclease Ago2.
The essential yeast NLT1 gene encodes the 64 kDa glycoprotein subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (1995)

The yeast oligosaccharyl transferase catalyzes the glycosylation of asparagine residues in secreted, vesicular, and membrane proteins. A complex of at least four membrane-bound polypeptides is responsible for oligosaccharyl transferase activity. Amino acid sequences from the 64 kDa glycoprotein subunit of the complex were used to clone the essential NLT1 (N-linked oligosaccharyl transferase) gene. The Nlt1p gene product is a processed, multiply glycosylated type I membrane protein; it has an extensive amino-terminal soluble domain, a potential hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a short carboxy-terminal soluble domain. The Nlt1p is significantly similar than the mammalian ribophorin I, a component of the mammalian oligosaccharyl transferase complex, and the enzyme is conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution.
A secure PLAN (extended version) (2003)

Active networks promise greater flexibility than current networks, but threaten safety and security by virtue of their programmability. We describe the design and implementation of a security architecture for the active network PLANet (Hicks et al., 1999). Security is obtained with a two-level architecture that combines a functionally restricted packet language, PLAN (Hicks et al., 1998), with an environment of general-purpose service routines governed by trust management (Blaze et al., 1996). In particular, we employ a technique which expands or contracts a packet's service environment based on its level of privilege, termed namespace-based security. As an application of our security architecture, we present the design and implementation of an active-network firewall. We find that the addition of the firewall imposes an approximately 34% latency overhead and as little as a 6.7% space overhead to incoming packets.
Associative Copolymers for Polymer Flooding - Structure-Performance Relationships in Porous Media (2015)

A new class of acrylamide based polymers with associative thickening properties is discussed. The new thickeners are anionic, water-soluble copolymers with pendant hydrophobic groups. The specific interaction of these hydrophobic groups leads to the formation of a reversible network of polymer molecules, thus increasing the viscosity of the injection fluid. A systematic variation of the polymer structure in regard to the molecular weight and the content of the hydrophobically modified co-monomer was carried out and the influence of these parameters, together with temperature and salinity, on the performance of the polymers in porous media was studied with linear core flood experiments. In these evaluations mobility reduction, polymer retention and shear stability was analyzed. This comprehensive study showed that the mobility reduction is not only determined by the polymer structure but also by salinity and temperature. Surprisingly, with the associative copolymers the mobility reduction did not decrease with increasing salinity and temperature, as observed with standard HPAM (hydrolyzed polyacrylamide). Instead a significant rise of mobility reduction was measured. By changing the molecular weight and the content of associative co-monomer the mobility reduction can be adjusted. In general a tendency to lower mobility reduction by lowering the molecular weight and the associative content was observed. The results lead to the conclusion that it is crucial to use an optimized polymer structure when applying associative copolymers for mobility control applications. Strategies how to adjust the copolymer composition for a given salinity and temperature to achieve an optimum performance in the porous medium will be presented.
A portable K-band (24 GHz) 3-D millimeter wave imaging system for detecting and dimensioning hidden objects (2022)

We present a portable 3-D millimeter wave imaging system operating in the K-band (24 GHz). This imaging system consists of a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) array of 32 transmit elements and 32 receive elements that illuminates a scene with millimeter wave energy and processes the reflected signals to reconstruct a 3-D image. To achieve an acceptable image resolution from this sparse array, the system combines multiple measurements while the sensor is moved relative to the scene being imaged. For ease of portability, the imaging system uses a single Ethernet cable to power the sensor and transfer the captured raw data to a laptop computer. A graphics processing unit (GPU)-optimized image reconstruction algorithm transforms the raw data to a 3-D image with approximately 1 cm voxel resolution, which is rendered in 3-D in a Web browser based user interface. We present measured test images and demonstrate an achieved dimensioning accuracy of ±1 − 3 mm when the system is used to detect and dimension objects hidden behind opaque building materials such as drywall, plywood, ceramic tile, vinyl flooring, and cement.
Covalent inhibitors for eradication of drug-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: From design to protein crystallography (2017)

Development of resistance remains a major challenge for drugs to treat HIV-1 infections, including those targeting the essential viral polymerase, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Resistance associated with the Tyr181Cys mutation in HIV-1 RT has been a key roadblock in the discovery of nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). It is the principal point mutation that arises from treatment of HIV-infected patients with nevirapine, the first-in-class drug still widely used, especially in developing countries. We report covalent inhibitors of Tyr181Cys RT (CRTIs) that can completely knock out activity of the resistant mutant and of the particularly challenging Lys103Asn/Tyr181Cys variant. Conclusive evidence for the covalent modification of Cys181 is provided from enzyme inhibition kinetics, mass spectrometry, protein crystallography, and antiviral activity in infected human T-cell assays. The CRTIs are also shown to be selective for Cys181 and have lower cytotoxicity than the approved NNRTI drugs efavirenz and rilpivirine.
Investigation of Flame-Retardant Additives for Safety Usage of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2006)

Phosphorous nitrogen compounds, so-called phosphazene, act as a novel flame-retardant additive for the electrolytes of lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries without hampering electrochemical performances. In particular partially fluorinated phosphazene compounds show excellent ability for safety usage of the Li-ion battery.
Mechanically Robust Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Composites for Applications in Ultralow Reflectance Optical Elements (2022)

Some of the least reflective materials are vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs). However, VACNT films are extremely fragile, restricting the range of applications where they can be used. Here, we have formed VACNT/carbon composite films with greater than 500× stiffness and 50× strength compared to as-grown VACNTs while maintaining ultralow reflectance. This is achieved using an infiltration process that coats the individual nanotubes with a thin layer of nanocrystalline carbon, locking the nanotubes together, and then adding lateral subwavelength surface topography to the tops of the VACNTs with an oxygen plasma etch to reduce the reflectance. While still a delicate material, these composites are robust enough to be exposed to water and handled. We demonstrated that these composites can be transferred from the growth substrate to other surfaces resulting in a reflectance of less than 0.1%.
A multi-perspective analysis of microclimate dynamics for air-based solar hydrogen production (2022)

Navigating the microclimatic environment for the optimal control of water-from-air devices could be a challenge. An example of such a device is an air-based solar hydrogen production device. Such a device promises the ability for off-grid, easily deployable and modular hydrogen production for on-site consumption. Novel analysis techniques, such as wavelet transform coherence analysis, could assist in better understanding the microclimate in which air-based hydrogen production devices might function. The analysis becomes complicated when a system is evaluated at the microclimatic level, especially when it is considered that the performance of air-based solar hydrogen devices are not only dependent on solar radiation, but also on humidity levels in the air. To get a grasp of the interactions that take place within a microclimatic system, a two-tiered approach is presented. It has been shown that relative humidity and temperature is stratified close to the ground, and that the stratification undergoes an inversion twice per day. A possible link between absolute humidity and wind direction is observed and humidity rallies are identified. Using microclimate monitoring and wavelet transform coherence analysis, an attempt is made to disentangle microclimatic variables by pointing out regions of high coherence and regions of low coherence between different variables. It is furthermore suggested that the propagation direction of a humidification process within the microclimate can be determined by considering the phase angle between relative humidity timeseries at different heights above the ground, using wavelet transform coherence analysis. It has been demonstrated that wavelet transform coherence analysis, in conjunction with a comprehensive microclimate monitoring process, could support the understanding of the complex processes that occur within the microclimatic environment and therefore support the management of water-from-air systems. In this regard a management framework is also presented.
Neurobiological Insights from mGlu Receptor Allosteric Modulation (2015)

Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors offers a promising pharmacological approach to normalize neural circuit dysfunction associated with various psychiatric and neurological disorders. As mGlu receptor allosteric modulators progress through discovery and clinical development, both technical advances and novel tool compounds are providing opportunities to better understand mGlu receptor pharmacology and neurobiology. Recent advances in structural biology are elucidating the structural determinants of mGlu receptor-negative allosteric modulation and supplying the means to resolve active, allosteric modulator-bound mGlu receptors. The discovery and characterization of allosteric modulators with novel pharmacological profiles is uncovering the biological significance of their intrinsic agonist activity, biased mGlu receptor modulation, and novel mGlu receptor heterodimers. The development and exploitation of optogenetic and optopharmacological tools is permitting a refined spatial and temporal understanding of both mGlu receptor functions and their allosteric modulation in intact brain circuits. Together, these lines of research promise to provide a more refined understanding of mGlu receptors and their allosteric modulation that will inform the development of mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as neurotherapeutics in the years to come.
The Uptake and Release of Amino Acids by Staphylococcus aureus at Mid-Exponential and Stationary Phases and Their Corresponding Responses to Changes in Temperature, pH and Osmolality (2020)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is an important pathogen that is associated with nosocomial infections, as well as food poisoning. This bacterium is resistant to antimicrobial agents and can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to measure the uptake and release of amino acids by <i>S. aureus</i> at mid-exponential and stationary phases of growth following exposure to a combination of conditions including variations in temperature, pH and NaCl. Bacterial cells were grown up to mid-exponential and stationary phases in tryptic soy broth (TSB), where the supernatants were collected for analyses of amino acids to determine the uptake and release characteristics. The uptake/release of amino acids was estimated by subtracting the initial levels of the free amino acids in the media from those measured at mid-exponential and stationary phases of growth. When cells were grown at ideal conditions, the analyses revealed that significant uptake of amino acids had occurred by stationary phase compared with the mid-exponential phase. A substantial release of valine and tyrosine into the external media was observed by cells at stationary phase. At both phases, the uptake and release patterns were significantly different between cells grown under ideal control conditions, when compared with those grown under various combinations of sub-optimal environmental conditions. The analyses of the supernatants harvested from controls and treatment groups at exponential phase indicated that the total uptake of amino acids was reduced approximately five times by cells grown with addition of 2.5% NaCl or with pH6 at 35°C, and 2-fold by cells grown at pH8 at 35°C. However, the final quantities of amino acids taken up by cells grown to stationary phase did not significantly alter between control and treated samples. Valine was found to be the most abundant amino acid that was significantly released into the media at stationary phase by both control and treated samples. It was evident that diverse environmental conditions resulted in differential patterns of amino acid uptake and release during adaptation to designated conditions.