gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Actively flapping tandem flexible flags in a viscous flow (2015)

The active flapping motions of fish and cetaceans generate both propulsive and manoeuvring forces. The tail fin motions of the majority of fish can essentially be viewed as a combined pitch-and-heave motion. Downstream bodies are strongly influenced by the vortices shed from an upstream body. To investigate the interactions between flexible bodies and vortices, the present study examined tandem flexible flags in a viscous flow by using an improved version of the immersed boundary method. The upstream flag underwent passive flapping in a uniform flow while the downstream flag flapped according to a prescribed pitching and heaving motion of the leading edge. The influences of the active flapping motion on the system dynamics were examined in detail, including the frequency, the phase angle, the bending coefficient and the amplitudes of the pitching and heaving motion. The variation of the drag coefficient of the downstream flag was explored together with the instantaneous vorticity contours and the body shapes. Both the slalom mode and the interception mode were identified according to the vortex–flexible body interactions, corresponding to the low- and high-drag situations, respectively. The underlying mechanism was discussed and compared with previous studies.
3D Pose Based Feedback for Physical Exercises (2022)

Unsupervised self-rehabilitation exercises and physical training can cause serious injuries if performed incorrectly. We introduce a learning-based framework that identifies the mistakes made by a user and proposes corrective measures for easier and safer individual training. Our framework does not rely on hard-coded, heuristic rules. Instead, it learns them from data, which facilitates its adaptation to specific user needs. To this end, we use a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) architecture acting on the user's pose sequence to model the relationship between the body joints trajectories. To evaluate our approach, we introduce a dataset with 3 different physical exercises. Our approach yields 90.9% mistake identification accuracy and successfully corrects 94.2% of the mistakes.
Effect of inter-needle distance on jet roping and laydown structure in solution blowing (2022)

Here, a model lab-scale solution blowing setup was developed. Experiments were carried out in a model situation of two needles at several inter-needle distances and air velocities to investigate jet roping. Polymer jets issued from two needles were employed at the inter-needle distances of L = 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, and 2.5 mm. Polymer jet intersections and merging near the needle tip and at a distance of ∼150 mm from the needle tip and near the collector were recorded employing a high-speed camera. The laydown images captured for each inter-needle distance were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to link the laydown morphology to roping, which stems from the polymer jet–jet intersection in flight.
Simultaneous Perception of Prosthetic and Natural Vision in AMD Patients (2021)

Abstract Loss of photoreceptors in atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) results in severe visual impairment. Since the low-resolution peripheral vision is retained in such conditions, restoration of central vision should not jeopardize the surrounding healthy retina and allow for simultaneous use of the natural and prosthetic sight. We report the first clinical results with a photovoltaic substitute of photoreceptors providing simultaneous use of the central prosthetic and peripheral natural vision in atrophic AMD. Four patients with geographic atrophy have been implanted subretinally with a wireless 2x2mm-wide 30 µm-thick device, having 378 pixels of 100 µm in size. They demonstrated Landolt acuity of 1.17 ± 0.13 pixels, corresponding to the Snellen range of 20/460–20/565. With electronic magnification of up to a factor of 8, patients demonstrated acuity in the range of 20/63 − 20/98. Under room lighting conditions, patients could simultaneously use prosthetic central vision and their remaining peripheral vision in the implanted eye and in the fellow eye.
Cavity Pattern Formation with Incoherent Light (2002)

We present the first observation of cavity modulation instability and pattern formation with incoherent light. In addition, we also study, theoretically and experimentally, the evolution of patterns in a nonlinear cavity without resonant frequencies: a passive cavity for which beams from different cycles are mutually-incoherent with one another.
Terminology and Notation of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy (1991)

Proposals for standardization of terms and notations are presented. Electra heat terminology in the multilingualInternational Elec trote chni calVocabulary (IEV) published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is used as a basis. However, some deviations and extensions are discussed and proposed, for adaptation to the usage in modern literature in the subject area. A list of selected terms and notation is given. Some main proposals are to use ε0ε = ε0(ε’ jε”), ε’ being the relative permittivity and ε” the loss factor; and to define the penetration depth dp, by the perpendicular plane wave case lie power density.
Phase I trial of chir-258 in multiple myeloma (2006)

17502 Background: CHIR-258 is an orally active small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor which has potent activity against multiple RTKs involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis (IC50 ≤13 nM for FGFR, VEGFR, PDGFR, C-KIT, and FLT3). Approximately 15% of newly diagnosed MM patients harbor a t(4;14) translocation, which results in ectopic expression of FGFR3 and MMSET and is associated with poor treatment outcome [0]and reduced survival. CHIR-258 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in FGFR3-expressing MM tumor xenografts as well as FGFR3-expressing primary MM cells (Trudel et al, Blood 2005). CHIR-258 was synergistic with dexamethasone (dex) in vitro. Methods: CHIR-258 was administered once daily in a dose-escalating phase 1 study to patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Drug tolerability and safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) were assessed. Results: as of December 2005, 9 total pts have been treated (50, 100, and 200mg qd cohorts) [6M, 3F; median age: 58 (range: 44–68), median of 3 prior therapies(range:1–7)]. Prior tx: 9/9 pts-thalidomide; 8/9 -Velcade; 8/9-transplant; 8/9- had progressed through dex. 4 of 9 pts treated were FGFR3+ and 4 pts remain on study (3 are FGFR3+). No CR or PR have been observed; stable disease has been noted. CHIR-258 has been generally well tolerated, and most drug related AEs were CTC grade 1 or 2, including: headache, dysgeusia, fatigue and anorexia. No neuropathy. One DLT has been observed to date: neutropenia (200mg cohort). Five pts had dex added to CHIR-258 of which 3 are ongoing (all FGFR3+). FGFR3+ pts receiving dex and CHIR-258 have a greater decline in urine and serum paraproteins (pp) vs CHIR-258 alone. Plasma exposure and Cmax increased proportionally across the doses. Conclusions: CHIR-258 is a novel inhibitor of RTKs involved in MM growth and proliferation. FGFR3+ pts have a more marked reduction in pp than FGFR3- pts. CHIR-258 has generally been well tolerated and further accrual continues. [Table: see text]
PDMS leaching and its implications for on-chip studies focusing on bone regeneration applications (2020)

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is among the most widely used materials for organ-on-chip systems. Despite its multiple beneficial characteristics from an engineering point of view, there is a concern about the effect of PDMS on the cells cultured in such devices. The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of the effect of PDMS on cellular behavior in a context relevant for on-chip studies. The focus was put on an indirect effect of PDMS, namely leaching of uncrosslinked oligomers, particularly for bone regeneration applications. PDMS-based chips were prepared and analyzed for the potential release of PDMS oligomers within the microfluidic channel when kept at different flow rates. Leaching of uncrosslinked oligomers from PDMS was quantified as silicon concentration by inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry and further confirmed by mass spectrometry. Subsequently, PDMS-leached media, with a silicon concentration matching the on-chip experiment, were prepared to study cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells. The silicon concentration initially detected in the media was inversely proportional to the tested flow rates and decreased to control levels within 52 h. In addition, by curing the material overnight instead of 2 h, regardless of the curing temperature (65 and 80 °C), a large reduction in silicon concentration was found, indicating the importance of the PDMS curing parameters. Furthermore, it was shown that PDMS oligomers enhanced the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts, this being a cell type dependent effect as no changes in cell differentiation were observed for human mesenchymal stem cells. Overall, this study illustrates the importance of optimization steps when using PDMS devices for biological studies, in particular PDMS curing conditions and extensive washing steps prior to an experiment.
Influence of Different Nanocellulose Additives on Processing and Performance of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers (2019)

Nanocellulose, as a biobased versatile nanomaterial that can be derived with tailorable surface functionalities, dimensions, and morphologies, has considerable implications for modifying the rheology, mechanical reinforcement, and influencing the carbonization efficiency in the production of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers. Herein, we report the influence of three different nanocellulose types, varying in the derivatization method, source, and aspect ratio, on the mechanical properties and thermal transformations of solution-spun PAN/nanocellulose nanocomposite fibers into carbon fibers. The incorporation of 0.1 wt % nanocellulose into solution-spun PAN fibers led to a 7-19% increase in tensile modulus and 0-27% increase in tensile strength in the solution-spun fibers, compared to a control PAN fiber. These improvements varied depending on the nanocellulose type. After low-temperature carbonization at 1200 °C, improvements in the mechanical properties of the nanocellulose-reinforced carbon fibers, compared with a PAN fiber, were also observed. In contrast to the precursor fibers, the improvement % in the carbonized fibers was found to be dependent on the nanocellulose morphology and was linearly correlated with increasing aspect ratio of nanocellulose. For example, in carbon fibers with a cotton-derived low-aspect-ratio cellulose nanocrystal and spinifex-derived high-aspect-ratio CNC and nanofiber, up to 4, 87, and 172% improvements in tensile moduli were observed, respectively. Due to the processing methods used, the nanocellulose aspect ratio and crystallinity are inversely related, and as such, the increase in the carbon fiber mechanical properties was also related to a decrease in crystallinity of the nanocellulose reinforcers. Raman spectra and electron microscopy analysis suggest that mechanical improvement after carbonization is due to internal reinforcement by highly ordered regions surrounding the carbonized nanocellulose, within the turbostratic carbon fibers.
Laser spectroscopy : proceedings of the XIX International Conference, Kussharo, Hokkaido, Japan, 7-12 June 2009 (2010)

Degenerate Quantum Gases: Anderson Localization Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates with Spin Degrees of Freedom Cold Atoms and Molecules: Ultracold Polar Molecules in the Rovibrational Ground State Precision Measurements: Metastable Helium: Lifetime Measurements Using Cold Atoms as a Test of QED Atomic Clocks: Optical Lattice Clock Quantum Information: Spectroscopy and Quantum Information with Trapped Ions New Laser Sources: XUV Frequency Comb Spectroscopy of Helium.
Dual-channel imaging system for singlet oxygen and photosensitizer for PDT (2011)

A two-channel optical system has been developed to provide spatially resolved simultaneous imaging of singlet molecular oxygen ((1)O(2)) phosphorescence and photosensitizer (PS) fluorescence produced by the photodynamic process. The current imaging system uses a spectral discrimination method to differentiate the weak (1)O(2) phosphorescence that peaks near 1.27 μm from PS fluorescence that also occurs in this spectral region. The detection limit of (1)O(2) emission was determined at a concentration of 500 nM benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid (BPD) in tissue-like phantoms, and these signals observed were proportional to the PS fluorescence. Preliminary in vivo images with tumor laden mice indicate that it is possible to obtain simultaneous images of (1)O(2) and PS tissue distribution.
Method and apparatus for fluid dispersion (2023)

A microfluidic method and device for focusing and/or forming discontinuous sections of similar or dissimilar size in a fluid is provided. The device can be fabricated simply from readily-available, inexpensive material using simple techniques.
Experimental and genetic rat models of chronic renal failure (1993)

Rat models of chronic renal failures pathophysiology of progression of chronic renal failure - influencing and confounding factors measurement of blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.
The Influence of Polymer Processing Additives on the Surface, Mechanical, and Optical Properties of LLDPE Blown Film (1994)

Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) film was blown from both wide and narrow die gaps, with and without two commercial polymer pro cessing additives. Wide die-gap extrusion was used to determine how the physi cal presence of either processing additive affected various mechanical and op tical properties of the resultant films. Narrow die-gap extrusion demonstrated how polymer processing additives can be utilized to improve extrusion param eters and permit production of films with improved properties. Surfaces of all the films were analyzed prior to and after corona treating; there were no effects of either additive on contact angle or surface energy. Monitoring over a one year period showed no evidence of either processing additive nor any differences in element composition on the surfaces of the films.
Prevention of Carbon Nanohorn Agglomeration Using a Conjugate Composed of Comb-Shaped Polyethylene Glycol and a Peptide Aptamer (2009)

Assured dispersibility is a prerequisite for clinical application of nanomaterials. Carbon nanomaterials have hydrophobic surfaces and thus readily agglomerate under aqueous conditions. Various conjugates composed of a carbon surface-binding moiety and polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been examined as dispersants for carbon nanomaterials. Here we synthesized a conjugate composed of a comb-shaped PEG (cPEG) and carbon nanomaterial-binding peptide (NHBP-1). The resultant cPEG-NHBP3 conjugate displayed multiple units (2.4 on average) of NHBP-1 on a single cPEG molecule whose average molecular weight was 15-20 kDa. cPEG-NHBP3 endowed single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) with good dispersibility in vitro, which could not be achieved with 20PEG-NHBP, a conjugate composed of linear 20 kDa PEG and a single NHBP-1 peptide. Notably, cPEG-NHBP1, which was similar to 20PEG-NHBP but had a comb-shaped PEG backbone, functioned better as a dispersant than 20PEG-NHBP, suggesting a graft-type PEG formula is better-suited for dispersing nanomaterials. Finally, cPEG-NHBP3 treatment substantially suppressed formation of SWNH agglomerates in mouse lung, suggesting the potential utility of SWNHs as a carrier in drug delivery systems.
Surface-Functionalized Model Contact Lenses with a Bioinspired Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)-Grafted Layer (2018)

Ocular dryness and discomfort are the primary reasons for the discontinuation of contact lens wear. This is mainly due to poorly hydrated contact lens surfaces and increased friction, particularly at the end of the day and can potentially cause reduced vision or even inflammation. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a mucinous glycoprotein with boundary lubricating properties, naturally found in the eye, able to prevent tear film evaporation and protect the ocular surface during blinking. Aiming to improve the interfacial interactions between the ocular surface and the contact lens, the synthesis and characterization of surface-modified model contact lenses with PRG4 is described. Full-length recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) was successfully grafted onto the surface of model conventional and silicone hydrogel (SiHy) contact lenses via its somatomedin B-like end-domain using N, N'-carbonyldiimidazole linking chemistry. Grafting was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and radioactive (I<sup>131</sup>) labeling. Surface immobilization of rhPRG4 led to model conventional and SiHy materials with improved antifouling properties, without impacting optical transparency or causing any toxic effects to human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. The surface wettability and the boundary friction against human corneal tissue were found to be substrate-dependent, with only the rhPRG4-grafted model SiHy exhibiting a reduced contact angle and kinetic friction coefficient compared to the unmodified surfaces. Hence, clinical grade rhPRG4 can be an attractive candidate for the development of novel bioinspired SiHy contact lenses, providing improved comfort and overall lens performance.
Recent Advances in Cardio-Oncology: A Report from the ‘Heart Failure Association 2019 and World Congress on Acute Heart Failure 2019’ (2019)

While anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, are constantly advancing, cardiovascular toxicity has become a major challenge for cardiologists and oncologists. This has led to an increasing demand of cardio-oncology units in Europe and a growing interest of clinicians and researchers. The Heart Failure 2019 meeting of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology in Athens has therefore created a scientific programme that included four dedicated sessions on the topic along with several additional lectures. The major points that were discussed at the congress included the implementation and delivery of a cardio-oncology service, the collaboration among cardio-oncology experts, and the risk stratification, prevention, and early recognition of cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, sessions addressed the numerous different anti-cancer therapies associated with cardiotoxic effects and provided guidance on how to treat cancer patients who develop cardiovascular disease before, during, and after treatment.
Targeted TLR9 Agonist Elicits Effective Antitumor Immunity against Spontaneously Arising Breast Tumors (2023)

Spontaneous tumors that arise in genetically engineered mice recapitulate the natural tumor microenvironment and tumor-immune coevolution observed in human cancers, providing a more physiologically relevant preclinical model relative to implanted tumors. Similar to many cancer patients, oncogene-driven spontaneous tumors are often resistant to immunotherapy, and thus novel agents that can effectively promote antitumor immunity against these aggressive cancers show considerable promise for clinical translation, and their mechanistic assessment can broaden our understanding of tumor immunology. In this study, we performed extensive immune profiling experiments to investigate how tumor-targeted TLR9 stimulation remodels the microenvironment of spontaneously arising tumors during an effective antitumor immune response. To model the clinical scenario of multiple tumor sites, we used MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop heterogeneous breast tumors throughout their 10 mammary glands. We found that i.v. administration of a tumor-targeting TLR9 agonist, referred to as PIP-CpG, induced a systemic T cell-mediated immune response that not only promoted regression of existing mammary tumors, but also elicited immune memory capable of delaying growth of independent newly arising tumors. Within the tumor microenvironment, PIP-CpG therapy initiated an inflammatory cascade that dramatically amplified chemokine and cytokine production, prompted robust infiltration and expansion of innate and adaptive immune cells, and led to diverse and unexpected changes in immune phenotypes. This study demonstrates that effective systemic treatment of an autochthonous multisite tumor model can be achieved using a tumor-targeted immunostimulant and provides immunological insights that will inform future therapeutic strategies.
Conventry Award Paper: Multicenter Determination of In Vivo Kinematics After Total Knee Arthroplasty (2003)

A summation analysis of more than 70 individual kinematic studies involving normal knees and 33 different designs of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was done with the objective of analyzing implant design variables that affect knee kinematics. Eight hundred eleven knees (733 subjects) were analyzed either during the stance phase of gait or a deep knee bend maneuver while under fluoroscopic surveillance. Fluoroscopic videotapes then were downloaded onto a workstation computer and anteroposterior (AP) femorotibial translational patterns were determined using an automated three-dimensional model fitting technique. The highest magnitude of translation was found in the normal and ACL-retaining TKA groups. Paradoxical anterior femoral translation during deep flexion was most commonly observed in PCL-retaining TKA. Substantial variability in kinematic patterns was observed in all groups. The least variability during gait was observed in mobile-bearing TKA designs, whereas posterior-stabilized TKA designs (fixed or mobile-bearing) showed the least variability during a deep knee bend. A medial pivot kinematic pattern was observed in only 55% of knees during deep knee flexion. Kinematic patterns of fixed versus mobile-bearing designs were similar with the exception of mobile-bearing TKA during gait in which femorotibial contact remained relatively stationary with minimal AP femorotibial translation.
The Styria Flyover-LOD management for huge textured terrain models (2002)

With the Styria Flyover one can virtually fly over Styria, a province of Austria. The countryside is characterized by a mixture of rather flat regions in the south east and mountains up to 3000 m in the north west. The digital model covers Styria and parts of its adjoining provinces (30,000 km/sup 2/); it is based on a DTM consisting of more than 23 million triangles and on 50 Mbyte texture data (satellite images). The framework combines an R-tree data structure with efficient LOD management (automatic mesh refinement), progressive rendering and dynamic performance adjustment. On a SGI O2 it delivers more than 8 frames per second. The authors' approach demonstrates that efficient algorithms make a fast 3D GIS user interface possible without spending a fortune on hardware. The paper focuses on techniques and data structures to maximize the performance of visualization.
Quantitative study of computing time of direct/iterative solver for MoM by GPU computing (2013)

Guidelines for reduction of computing time of direct/iterative solver for MoM on GPU computing are reviewed. Computing time of the direct/iterative solver with and without these guidelines is compared to show the computational efficiency of GPU computing quantitatively.