gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Titanium Oxide Antibacterial Surfaces in Biomedical Devices (2011)

Titanium oxide is a heterogeneous catalyst whose efficient photoinduced activity, related to some of its allotropic forms, paved the way for its widespread technological use. Here, we offer a comparative analysis of the use of titanium oxide as coating for materials in biomedical devices. First, we introduce the photoinduced catalytic mechanisms of TiO2 and their action on biological environment and bacteria. Second, we overview the main physical and chemical technologies for structuring suitable TiO2 coatings on biomedical devices. We then present the approaches for in vitro characterization of these surfaces. Finally, we discuss the main aspects of TiO2 photoactivated antimicrobial activity on medical devices and limitations for these types of applications.
Hydrosilylation of cinchonidine and 9-O-TMS-cinchonidine with triethoxysilane: application of 11-(triethoxysilyl)-10,11-dihydrocinchonidine as a chiral modifier in the enantioselective hydrogenation of 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione (2002)

The detailed synthesis and characterization of (−)-11-(triethoxysilyl)-10,11-dihydrocinchonidine (4), a starting material for the immobilization of (−)-cinchonidine on silica based supports, is described. Compound 4 together with its precursors 9-O-(trimethylsilyl)cinchonidine (2) and 9-O-(trimethylsilyl)-11-(triethoxysilyl)-10,11-dihydrocinchonidine (3) were employed as chiral modifiers in the hydrogenation of a prochiral diketone, 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione, over a heterogeneous Pt/Al2O3 catalyst using cinchonidine (1) as a reference modifier. The unexpected enhancement of ee induced by 4, demonstrating the positive effect of distal modifier substitution, is discussed in the light of molecular modeling and NMR studies.
When Function Follows Form: Effects of Donor Copolymer Side Chains on Film Morphology and BHJ Solar Cell Performance (2010)

Detailed structural organization in organic films are investigated using grazing incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) methods. The key structural features are revealed and the influence of specific side chain positions and shapes are characterized. A correlation between the fill factor (FF) of the corresponding device and the tightness of the polymer chain stacking inspires a new set of structural parameters for design of materials to optimize device efficiency. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Radiation exposure by [F18]Florbetaben, a new PET tracer for detection of cerebral β-amyloid in Caucasian and Asian healthy volunteers (2010)

1448 Objectives Florbetaben is a new PET tracer for detection of β-amyloid in the brain. To assess the radiation exposure upon application of the radioligand, the biodistribution, organ doses (OD) and the effective dose (ED) were determined in two identical clinical phase-1-trials. Methods Whole body dosimetry of Florbetaben was performed in 17 German# (64.2±5.3yrs.; 9f, 8m) and 18 Japanese## (61.8±4.9yrs.; 7f, 11m) healthy volunteers. Both cohorts were imaged up to 7h post i.v. injection of 300 MBq±20% Florbetaben (specific activity 50 to ≤55 µg TM: n=8#, n=9##) in 3D mode with 8 or 9 bed positions (BP) per frame, 1min/BP, correction for measured attenuation and iterative reconstruction. All relevant organs were defined by volumes of interest. Exponential curves were fitted to the time-activity-data. ODs and ED were calculated using the adult male model# and the 15-year-old male model## (OLINDA). Results The gallbladder got the highest OD (137.0±54.9#; 152.0±63.5##), followed by the urinary bladder (69.5±21.2#; 122.5±28.4##). The highest contributions to the ED were derived from the lower large intestine (4.21±1.37#; 6.02±1.23##) and the ur. bladder (3.48±1.06#; 6.10±1.42##). The ED by i.v. application of the above radioactive dose equaled 19.3±1.40# and 26.9±1.59##* µSv/MBq (*difference due to different body masses in both cohorts: 73.8±10.4#; 58.8±8.3##kg). No significant difference in both cohorts between the two groups of TMs was found (p>0.05#,##). Conclusions The ED upon i.v. application of 300 MBq is 5.80±0.42# and 8.08±0.48## mSv. This is within the range of that resulting from application of other [F18]-labeled compounds. These favorable dosimetry data encourage the further development of Florbetaben as a clinical tool for PET imaging of β-amyloid. Research Support The trial was sponsored by Bayer Healthcare
An ultrasound-guided fluorescence tomography system: design and specification (2013)

An ultrasound-guided fluorescence molecular tomography system is under development for in vivo quantification of Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) during Aminolevulinic Acid - Photodynamic Therapy (ALA-PDT) of Basal Cell Carcinoma. The system is designed to combine fiber-based spectral sampling of PPIX fluorescence emission with co-registered ultrasound images to quantify local fluorophore concentration. A single white light source is used to provide an estimate of the bulk optical properties of tissue. Optical data is obtained by sequential illumination of a 633nm laser source at 4 linear locations with parallel detection at 5 locations interspersed between the sources. Tissue regions from segmented ultrasound images, optical boundary data, white light-informed optical properties and diffusion theory are used to estimate the fluorophore concentration in these regions. Our system and methods allow interrogation of both superficial and deep tissue locations up to PpIX concentrations of 0.025ug/ml.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Putative Tumor Suppressor microRNA-101 Modulates the Cancer Epigenome by Repressing the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The Putative Tumor Suppressor microRNA-101 Modulates the Cancer Epigenome by Repressing the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2
Assembly-ready brain microelectrode arrays (2004)

The capabilities of wire electrical discharge machining as a method of constructing microelectrode arrays are highlighted, and new assembly procedures based on this technique are presented. Particular attention is paid to the design of the connection between the mechanical array and the front-end electronics, a problem that is common to the construction of all microelectrode array assemblies.
Post-build thermomechanical processing of wire arc additively manufactured stainless steel for improved mechanical properties and reduction of crystallographic texture (2021)

Wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) was used to fabricate 304 L stainless steel plates for the purpose of characterizing texture and anisotropic behavior in the as-built parts, followed by post-build rolling and heat-treating to modify mechanical properties and reduce texture. The plates were made using a robotic controlled gas metal arc (GMA) welding system designed for high deposition rates and were characterized using uniaxial tensile testing, macro- and micro-hardness, and optical microscopy. In addition, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) was used for the first time of WAAM plates to measure the anisotropic elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Post processing consisted of mechanical rolling the walls to 25% and 40% strains followed by heat treating at 650 °C, 850 °C and 1050 °C. Results show that anisotropy of mechanical and physical properties is present in the starting microstructure and persists in the rolled plates prior to heat treating, with elastic modulus in the build direction of 50% of the polycrystalline wrought value, and shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio of 200% of the polycrystalline value. Anisotropy also persists for all samples stress relieved at 650 °C, and in samples annealed at 1050 °C without any prior rolling strain. Heat treating has shown the reduction in texture and anisotropy only in the rolled plates. Complete elimination of texture and anisotropy was observed for WAAM plates rolled and annealed at 1050⁰C, and for plates rolled to 40% and recrystallized at 850 °C. Recrystallization of the rolled plates at temperatures 850 °C or higher increases yield strength, ultimate strength and elongation to failure relative to the as-built parts, with properties that equal or exceed typical wrought or cast alloys of similar composition. These results demonstrate that WAAM can be used to build custom sized semi-finished parts and blanks that can later be mechanically formed, and heat treated into high quality finished components.
Comparable Parameters for the Qualification of Surveying Tripods (2008)

The daily work of a surveyor normally doesn’t require the high level of accuracy that the surveying accessories have coincidently influenced. However, that statement becomes invalid immediately with the requirement of high precision measurements. Then, every potential influence on a single measurement must be considered. This includes such aspects as air temperature, air pressure, humidity etc, along with prism target characteristics and even centring accuracy. A tripod is generally accepted as an accessory that works without having to put any thought to its influences to measurements. Following, an overview is given which parameters could be interesting for surveyors to judge and compare the quality of tripods. Normally a surveyor expects no problems from a tripod. Also including tribrachs, prism holders and prism poles, the trust in these types of survey products is very high. It is to the point that no one thinks to inquire about the measurement specifications of such products. In principle, every survey requires a stable support. However, dependent on the level of precision demanded, it could be the precision is only being achieved with a fixed measurement pillar. But the circumstances of the task or for economic reasons a measurement pillar can be unrealistic. It’s at this moment that the fundamental knowledge about the use of these survey accessories is required. Some of its aspects have been elaborated and shall be shown in the current paper.
The Epigenetic Influence of Tumor and Embryonic Microenvironments: How Different are They? (2008)

The microenvironment is being increasingly recognized as a critical component in tumor progression and metastases. As such, the bi-directional signaling of extracellular mediators that promote tumor growth within the microenvironment is a focus of intense scrutiny. Interestingly, there are striking similarities between the phenotypes of aggressive tumor and embryonic stem cells, particularly with respect to specific signaling pathways underlying their intriguing plasticity. Here, we demonstrate the epigenetic influence of the hESC microenvironment on the reprogramming of aggressive melanoma cells using an innovative 3-D model. Specifically, our laboratory has previously demonstrated the redifferentiation of these melanoma cells to a more melanocyte-like phenotype (Postovit et al., Stem Cells 24(3):501–505, 2006), and now we show the loss of VE-Cadherin expression (indicative of a plastic vasculogenic phenotype) and the loss of Nodal expression (a plasticity stem cell marker) in tumor cells exposed to the hESC microenvironment. Further studies with the 3-D culture model revealed the epigenetic influence of aggressive melanoma cells on hESCs resulting in the down-regulation of plasticity markers and the emergence of phenotype-specific genes. Additional studies with the aggressive melanoma conditioned matrix microenvironment demonstrated the transdifferentiation of normal melanocytes into melanoma-like cells exhibiting a vasculogenic phenotype. Collectively, these studies have advanced our understanding of the epigenetic influence associated with the microenvironments of hESCs and aggressive melanoma cells, and shed new light on their therapeutic implications. Moreover, we have a better appreciation of the convergence of embryonic and tumorigenic signaling pathways that might stimulate further consideration of targeting Nodal in aggressive tumor cells resulting in a down-regulation of tumorigenic potential and plasticity.
High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering deposition of Pt inside fuel cell electrodes (2014)

International audience
Wireless Sensor Power Supply Based on Eddy Currents for Structural Health Monitoring (2023)

To monitor stress levels inside both concrete and rebars, structural health monitoring systems utilize sensors integrated within reinforced concrete. These sensors can be powered wirelessly using inductive power transfer (IPT) technology, effectively negating the need for batteries with their limited lifespans. However, powering sensors through IPT proves inefficient and challenging due to the presence of eddy currents induced in the rebar loops, which significantly impact power transfer. This article presents an IPT system that utilizes these inherent eddy currents to wirelessly power sensors near the rebars. The proposed IPT system employs the loops in rebar arrays as relay coils, and thereby enables sufficient power to be harvested by a tiny receiver coil. A mathematical model based on an equivalent circuit for magnetically coupled rebar loops is presented to investigate and optimize the system's performance. Moreover, experimental results of a 5-V/2-W output prototype with a 10-cm concrete gap are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
Investigation of the relationships between mechanical properties and microstructure in a Fe-9%Cr ODS steel (2016)

Ferritic-martensitic Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels are potential materials for fuel pin cladding in Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) and their optimisation is essential for future industrial applications. In this paper, a feasibility study concerning the generation of tensile specimens using a quenching dilatometer is presented. The ODS steel investigated contains 9%Cr and exhibits a phase transformation between ferrite and austenite around 870 °C. The purpose was to generate different microstructures and to evaluate their tensile properties. Specimens were machined from a cladding tube and underwent controlled heat treatments inside the dilatometer. The microstructures were observed using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and tensile tests were performed at room temperature and at 650 °C. Results show that a tempered martensitic structure is the optimum state for tensile loading at room temperature. At 650 °C, the strengthening mechanisms that are involved differ and the microstructures exhibit more similar yield strengths. It also appeared that decarburisation during heat treatment in the dilatometer induces a decrease in the mechanical properties and heterogeneities in the dual-phase microstructure. This has been addressed by proposing a treatment with a much shorter time in the austenitic domain. Thereafter, the relaxation of macroscopic residual stresses inside the tube during the heat treatment was evaluated. They appear to decrease linearly with increasing temperature and the phase transformation has a limited effect on the relaxation.
Tyrosinase Inhibitors from Rhododendron collettianum and Their Structure—Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bipolar Circuit Modeling of p+n a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells With TCO Schottky Collector Including Early Effect in a-Si:H (2021)

A bipolar equivalent circuit model is developed for silicon hetero-junction silicon solar cells (SHJ) with a Schottky contact between the p-type amorphous silicon and the transparent conducting oxide (TCO). The Schottky barrier is treated as a bipolar collector junction through which holes are transported by thermionic emission, while electrons reaching the barrier are swiftly collected. The electron current is shown to suffer an Early effect especially in cells with low a-Si:H(p) doping level. The results of the equivalent circuit analysis in the dark and under illumination perfectly match both the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>&#x2013;<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics resulting from AFORS-HET device simulations and the measured <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>&#x2013;<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics of real cells, with low and with high doping levels in a-Si:H(p). The model provides a clear interpretation for the role of the Schottky diode in the degradation of the cell open circuit voltage and in the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shape distortion of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>&#x2013;<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> characteristics under illumination. Such degradations disappear if hole tunneling through the Schottky contact prevails.
Optimal Control of Status Updates in a Multiple Access Channel with Stability Constraints. (2019)

In this work, we study age-optimal scheduling with stability constraints in a multiple access channel with two heterogeneous source nodes transmitting to a common destination. The first node is connected to a power grid and it has randomly arriving data packets. Another energy harvesting (EH) sensor monitors a stochastic process and sends status updates to the destination. We formulate an optimization problem that aims at minimizing the average age of information (AoI) of the EH node subject to the queue stability condition of the grid-connected node. First, we consider a Probabilistic Random Access (PRA) policy where both nodes make independent transmission decisions based on some fixed probability distributions. We show that with this policy, the average AoI is equal to the average peak AoI, if the EH node only sends freshly generated samples. In addition, we derive the optimal solution in closed form, which reveals some interesting properties of the considered system. Furthermore, we consider a Drift-Plus-Penalty (DPP) policy and develop AoI-optimal and peak-AoI-optimal scheduling algorithms using the Lyapunov optimization theory. Simulation results show that the DPP policy outperforms the PRA policy in various scenarios, especially when the destination node has low multi-packet reception capabilities.
Impact of carbon on trap states in n-type GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2004)

The effect of excess C incorporation on the deep level spectrum of n-type GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition was investigated. Low-pressure (LP) growth conditions were used to intentionally incorporate excess C compared to atmospheric pressure (AP) growth conditions. GaN samples with high C content are found to be highly resistive, and samples codoped with C and Si are heavily compensated. From a comparison of deep level optical spectroscopy and deep level transient spectroscopy measurements of the LP-grown codoped GaN:C:Si sample with the AP-grown unintentionally doped GaN, two deep levels at Ec−Et=1.35 and 3.28 eV are observed to have a direct relation to excess C incorporation. Comparing these activation energies to previous theoretical studies strongly suggests that the levels may be associated with a C interstitial and CN defect, respectively. These results suggest that C forms not only a shallow acceptor level but also a deep acceptor level in GaN, and these levels contribute to the compensation of the free carriers in n-type GaN:C.
Every Smile is Unique: Landmark-Guided Diverse Smile Generation (2018)

Each smile is unique: one person surely smiles in different ways (e.g., closing/opening the eyes or mouth). Given one input image of a neutral face, can we generate multiple smile videos with distinctive characteristics? To tackle this one-to-many video generation problem, we propose a novel deep learning architecture named Conditional Multi-Mode Network (CMM-Net). To better encode the dynamics of facial expressions, CMM-Net explicitly exploits facial landmarks for generating smile sequences. Specifically, a variational auto-encoder is used to learn a facial landmark embedding. This single embedding is then exploited by a conditional recurrent network which generates a landmark embedding sequence conditioned on a specific expression (e.g., spontaneous smile). Next, the generated landmark embeddings are fed into a multi-mode recurrent landmark generator, producing a set of landmark sequences still associated to the given smile class but clearly distinct from each other. Finally, these landmark sequences are translated into face videos. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our CMM-Net in generating realistic videos of multiple smile expressions.
Nucleophilic attack at C2 of neutral (.eta.5-pentadienyl)manganese complexes: formation of .sigma.,.eta.3-manganese complexes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleophilic attack at C2 of neutral (.eta.5-pentadienyl)manganese complexes: formation of .sigma.,.eta.3-manganese complexesBernard C. Roell Jr. and Keith F. McDanielCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 24, 9004–9006Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00180a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00180a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inferring Attentional State and Kinematics from Motor Cortical Firing Rates (2005)

Recent methods for motor cortical decoding have demonstrated relatively accurate reconstructions of hand trajectory from small populations of neurons in primary motor cortex. Decoding results are often reported only for periods when the subject is attending to the task. In a neural prosthetic interface, however, the subject must be able to switch between controlling a device or performing other mental functions. In this work we demonstrate a method for detecting whether or not a subject is attending to a motor control task. Using the firing activity of the same neural population used for decoding hand kinematics we demonstrate that a Fisher linear discriminant performs well in classifying the attentional state of a monkey. We use the output of this classifier to augment a hidden state in a first order Markov model and use particle filtering to recursively infer hand kinematics and attentional state conditioned on neural firing rates. We demonstrate high accuracy on test data where a monkey switches between attending to a task and not. By decoding a discrete "state" in addition to hand kinematics our proposed classification and estimation scheme may enable real-world neuroprosthetic functions such as "hold", "click", and "turn off/on".