gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epithelial modulation of preterm airway smooth muscle contraction (1993)

To determine if epithelium from immature airways can modulate the responsiveness of smooth muscle, we studied paired trachealis muscle strips from preterm sheep. The epithelium was removed from one strip and left undisturbed in the other. Concentration-effect (CE) curves to acetylcholine (ACh), KCl, and isoproterenol were obtained. To evaluate maturational effects, responses to ACh and isoproterenol were studied in trachealis strips from adult airways. Maximal stress (Po) to ACh increased after epithelium removal in preterm (P < 0.05) but not adult strips. Epithelium removal caused a leftward shift of the ACh CE curves in both preterm and adult strips (P < 0.001) and a decrease in the dose required to achieve a one-half maximal response (ED50) in both preterm (P < 0.005) and adult strips (P < 0.05). The magnitude of the change in Po as well as in the ED50 for ACh between preterms and adults was similar. Epithelium removal did not alter either the Po or the CE curves of preterm strips stimulated by KCl. Response to isoproterenol in precontracted strips was enhanced in the presence of an intact epithelium in both groups (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that preterm airway epithelium is able to modulate the responsiveness of smooth muscle. Additionally, the magnitude of the effect is unchanged with maturation. We speculate that damage of airway epithelium from mechanical ventilation may contribute to the increased incidence of airway hyperreactivity observed in preterm infants.
GoonQuad (2014)

We present GoonQuad, an emotive quadruped capable of expressing emotional behaviours as a response to human touch. GoonQuad comprises five prerecorded states: angry, cheerful, sleepy, confused and a baseline breathing state. Each state is triggered by human touch in areas specified by the eyebrows and a tattoo, painted with conductive ink. Moreover, GoonQuad is capable of recording and replaying movements via direct user manipulation. To enable the robot to record and replay new motions, analog feedback servos were embedded in the 3D printed structure. Our aim was to develop a system where users can interact with a robot naturally and the robot can adapt to this natural interaction.
Controlled Reducibility of a Metal–Organic Framework with Coordinatively Unsaturated Sites for Preferential Gas Sorption (2010)

Gespür für Gase: Durch Reduktion des porösen Metall-organischen Gerüsts MIL-100(Fe) (siehe Bild; X−: OH− oder F−; rot: O von Trimesat-Liganden) entstehen koordinativ ungesättigte Eisen(II)-Zentren (angedeutet durch den violetten Kreis), die von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Gasreinigung oder das selektive Entfernen ungesättigter Verunreinigungen aus Gasen sind.
NeuroChat with Professor Danny Winder (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTNeuroChat with Professor Danny WinderCraig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2019, 10, 12, 4766–4767Publication Date (Web):December 18, 2019Publication History Published online18 December 2019Published inissue 18 December 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00557https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00557editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views818Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Circuits,Neuroscience,Peptides and proteins,Plasticity Get e-Alerts
Human Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 8-Specific Agonistic Activity in Substituted Pyrimidine-2,4-diamines (2016)

Activation of human toll-like receptor-8 (TLR8) evokes a distinct cytokine profile favoring the generation of Type 1 helper T cells. A multiplexed high-throughput screen had led to the identification of N(4)-butyl-5-iodo-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine as a pure TLR8 agonist, and a detailed structure-activity relationship study of this chemotype was undertaken. A butyl substituent at N(4) was optimal, and replacement of the 5-iodo group with chloro, bromo, or fluoro groups led to losses in potency, as did the introduction of aromatic bulk. Drawing from our previous structure-based design, several 5-alkylamino derivatives were evaluated. Significant enhancement of potency was achieved in 5-(4-aminobutyl)-N(4)-butyl-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine. This compound potently induced Th1-biasing IFN-γ and IL-12 in human blood, but lower levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. These results suggest that the inflammatory and reactogenic propensities of this compound could be considerably more favorable than other TLR8 agonists under evaluation.
Adenosine and Ischemic Preconditioning (1999)

Adenosine is released in large amounts during myocardial ischemia and is capable of exerting potent cardioprotective effects in the heart. Although these observations on adenosine have been known for a long time, how adenosine acts to achieve its anti-ischemic effect remains incompletely understood. However, recent advances on the chemistry and pharmacology of adenosine receptor ligands have provided important and novel information on the function of adenosine receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular system. The development of model systems for the cardiac actions of adenosine has yielded important insights into its mechanism of action and have begun to elucidate the sequence of signalling events from receptor activation to the actual exertion of its cardioprotective effect. The present review will focus on the adenosine receptors that mediate the potent anti-ischemic effect of adenosine, new ligands at the receptors, potential molecular signalling mechanisms downstream of the receptor, mediators for cardioprotection, and possible clinical applications in cardiovascular disorders.
Abstract 502: Circulating exosomal miR-203 is associated with metastasis via inducing tumor-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer (2018)

Abstract Distant metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with malignant tumor including colorectal cancer (CRC). A primary tumor can create a premetastatic niche in distant organs to facilitate the development of metastasis by communicating with host cells. However, little is known about the communicating mechanism is known. Understanding this mechanism should uncover a new field of cancer therapy through the targeting of the interaction between tumor and host. In this study, we focused on circulating microRNAs (miRs) as the communication tool between host and tumor cells that were mainly carried by exosomes in circulation. As a result of gene expression microarray and gene set enrichment analysis, we identified miR-203 as a putative signaling molecule between tumors and monocytes in metastatic CRC patients. The level of miR-203 expression was significantly upregulated in a TNM stage-dependent manner. High exosomal miR-203 expression in serum was significantly associated with poor DFS and OS (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and was an independent poor prognostic factor. Additionally, high exosomal miR-203 was associated with distant metastasis (P &amp;lt; 0.01). We also found that exosomes carrying miR-203 from CRC cells were incorporated into monocytes and miR-203 promoted the expression of M2 markers such as CD163 and STAT3 in vitro. It suggested that serum exosomal miR-203 released from CRC cells promoted the differentiation of monocytes to M2-tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which facilitated premetastatic niche and distant metastasis. Co-injection of miR-203-transfected CRC cells and monocyte increased a ratio of liver metastasis in vivo compared with only control CRC cells or only miR-203-transfected CRC cells injection. On the other hand, overexpression of miR-203 did not increase the proliferation, invasion and migration capacity of CRC cells. This results indicated that serum exosomal miR-203 might create a premetastatic niche whereas did not affect to malignant phenotype of CRC cells. Our study indicated that serum exosomal miR-203 expression could be a novel and feasible biomarker for predicting metastasis, possibly via promoting the differentiation of monocytes to M2-TAMs in CRC. Citation Format: Dai Shimizu, Takaaki Masuda, Yuki Takano, Hisae Imamura, Rui Yamaguchi, Kuniaki Sato, Taro Tobo, Hidenari Hirata, Yosuke Kuroda, Sho Nambara, Naoki Hayashi, Tomohiro Iguchi, Shuhei Ito, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Takahiro Ochiya, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Satoru Miyano, Koshi Mimori. Circulating exosomal miR-203 is associated with metastasis via inducing tumor-associated macrophages in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 502.
Numerical solution of Volterra integro‐differential equations modelling thalamo‐cortical systems (2007)

Abstract Our study concerns thalamo‐cortical systems which are modelled by nonlinear systems of Volterra integro‐differential equations of convolution type. The thalamo‐cortical systems describe a new architecture for a neurocomputer. Such a computer employs principles of human brain. It consists of oscillators which have different frequencies and are weakly connected via a common medium forced by an external input. Since a neurocomputer consists of many interconnected oscillators (referred also as neurons), the thalamo‐cortical systems include large numbers of Volterra integro‐differential equations. Solving such systems numerically is expensive not only because of their large dimensions but also because of many kernel evaluations which are needed over the whole interval from the initial point, where the initial condition is imposed, up to the present point, where the computations are currently executed. Moreover, the whole computed history of the solution has to be stored in the memory of the computing machine. Therefore, robust and efficient numerical algorithms are needed for computer simulations for the solutions to the thalamocortical systems. In this paper, we illustrate an iteration technique to solve the thalamo‐cortical systems. The proposed successive iterates are vector functions of time, which change the original problems into systems of easier and separated equations. Such separated equations can then be solved in parallel computing environments. Results of numerical experiments are presented for large numbers of oscillators. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A proposal of Mach-Zehnder mode multi/demultiplexer for WDM/MDM optical transmission system (2017)

We propose a low-loss and low-crosstalk Mach-Zehnder mode multi/demultiplexer for WDM/MDM transmission. A broadband 3dB mode divider, which is also newly devised here, makes it possible to compose Mach-Zehnder filter for “mode” and “wavelength” simultaneously.
Structural and Topographical Studies of the Type IV Bundle-Forming Pilus Assembly Complex of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (2003)

The type IV bundle-forming pili (BFP) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are required for virulence in orally challenged human volunteers and for the localized adherence and autoaggregation in vitro phenotypes. BFP filament biogenesis and function are encoded by the 14-gene bfp operon. The BFP assembly complex, containing a BfpB-His6 fusion protein, was chemically cross-linked in situ, and the complex was then purified from BFP-expressing EPEC by a combination of nickel- and BfpB antibody-based affinity chromatography. Characterization of the isolated complex by immunoblotting using BFP protein-specific antibodies showed that at least 10 of the 14 proteins specified by the bfp operon physically interact to form an oligomeric complex. Proteins localized to the outer membrane, inner membrane, and periplasm are within this complex, thus demonstrating that the complex spans the periplasmic space. A combination of immunofluorescence and immuno-gold thin-section transmission electron microscopy studies localized this complex to one pole of the cell.
Applications of nanomaterials for water quality (2013)

The fascination of the scientific community for nanoscience and nanotechnology is obvious: project calls often pay special attention to solutions using effects taking place at the nanoscale, and journals related to nanoscience and/or nanotechnology are booming. The distinction between both is sometimes very vague: this is where science touches technology almost directly. Many new journals have appeared, and it is not uncommon that the first impact factor that they receive is in the four-to-five range. ‘Nanoscience and nanotechnology’ has become a separate ISI category, and a particularly successful one: six journals have an impact factor over ten, and even the twentieth journal has an impact factor over four. These numbers increase year by year, faster than in any other category. Thus, researchers are fully aware of the potential of nanomaterials. The purpose of this book is to translate the findings from research studies to potential practical applications, particularly where related to water quality.
Area stenosis associated with non-invasive fractional flow reserve obtained from coronary CT images (2013)

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) determined by invasive angiography is the gold standard to assess the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). FFRCT can be obtained non-invasively by combining computed tomography (CT) images and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. In this study, FFRCT was computed for 6 models of patient-specific left coronary artery trees reconstructed from CT images. A total of 12 stenoses were observed. FFR values obtained for 7 of the 12 stenoses during invasive angiography were used as the gold standard for comparison. On a per-stenosis basis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 50%, 100%, 100% and 83.3% respectively for FFRCT. A weak correlation was found between percent lumen diameter stenosis and FFRCT (r=0.431; p>0.05). However, the correlation between percent lumen area stenosis and FFRCT was significant (r=0.853; p<0.05). Therefore, non-invasive FFRCT appears to be a promising index to assess the severity of CAD and lumen area has distinct advantages over diameter measurement in terms of anatomy assessment.
Measurement Science: 6. Measurements instruments I (2013)

EE1320. Three types of measurement instruments are discussed: Voltage, current and resistance measurements. Concepts such as tracking errors, reflections and 4 vs. 2 point measurements are illustrated.
<title>Preparation of micropatterns with profile heights up to 30 microns from silica sols</title> (1997)

A new synthesis and processing route for SiO<SUB>2</SUB> glass like micropatterns with heights up to 30 micrometer by gel embossing and thermal densification has been developed. For this reason an organically modified nanoparticulate sol prepared by acid catalysis of methyl- and phenyl- triethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate in combination with colloidal silica sol was used. Sol coatings with thicknesses up to 15 micrometer are obtained by dipping of float glass substrates. After a predrying step of about 60 s micropatterns are obtained using a pressure of only 2.5 mN/mm<SUP>2</SUP>. Due to this low pressure, flexible and low cost silicon rubber stampers can be used. The gelation time of the sol can be extended from 5 d to 16 days and the working time for embossing can be extended from 60 s up to 100 s by a partial replacement of methyl silane by phenyl silane from 0 to 20 mole %. After embossing and drying at 50 degrees Celsius the patterned layer was densified at temperatures up to 500 degrees Celsius to 95% density as indicated by refractive index measurements. It is assumed that the densification process is strongly promoted by the used colloidal silica nano particles. The linear shrinkage of the micropatterns is limited to about 25% due to the high solid content of the sol and the high green density of the layers. Since the structures are densified at temperatures far below T<SUB>g</SUB> sharp edged patterns can be obtained as shown by high resolution secondary electron microscopy. The capability of this technique is demonstrated by the fabrication of light trapping structures with pyramides of 7 micrometer in height and 10 micrometer in width on an area of 20 multiplied by 20 mm<SUP>2</SUP> and micro lens arrays of lenses with 30 micrometer in height and 600 micrometer in diameter on an area of 20 multiplied by 30 mm<SUP>2</SUP>.
Bit-plane Processing Techniques for Low-Light, High Speed Imaging with a SPAD-based QIS (2024)

Advances in SPAD sensor technology have recently yielded a >10kfps, 320x240 resolution imager that can be operated as a Quanta Image Sensor (QIS). This device combines the high speed and sensitivity offered by SPAD devices with the negligible readout noise and logarithmic compression of QIS, opening up potential applications in high speed imaging of fast moving objects and light microscopy.
<title>UV pretreatments for improved etching of organic antireflective coating (ARC) layer</title> (1995)

In this paper we present a technique utilizing intense UV exposure to alter the chemical properties of an organic antireflective material such that dry etch performance is improved. By monitoring the ARC thickness before and after UV exposure, it can be demonstrated that prolonged UV exposure coupled with a specific range of substrate temperatures can result in a dramatic reduction in ARC thickness. Similar measurements taken before and after ARC etch reveal an improvement in etch rate in ARC samples previously subjected to intense UV exposure. Changes in ARC structure and etch performance are presented as functions of UV wavelengths, substrate temperature, and exposure time.
Generalized 3-D tolerance analysis of mechanical assemblies with small kinematic adjustments (1998)

Abstract The direct linearization method (DLM) for tolerance analysis of 3-D mechanical assemblies is presented. Vector assembly models are used, based on 3-D vector loops which represent the dimensional chains that produce tolerance stackup in an assembly. Tolerance analysis procedures are formulated for both open and closed loop assembly models. The method generalizes assembly variation models to include small kinematic adjustments between mating parts. Open vector loops describe critical assembly features. Closed vector loops describe kinematic constraints for an assembly. They result in a set of algebraic equations which are implicit functions of the resultant assembly dimensions. A general linearization procedure is outlined, by which the variation of assembly parameters may be estimated explicitly by matrix algebra. Solutions to an over-determined system or a system having more equations than unknowns are included. A detailed example is presented to demonstrate the procedures of applying the DLM to a 3-D mechanical assembly.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Fused Pyridines, Pyrazines and Pyrimidines by Sequential Ugi/Inverse Electron Demand Diels—Alder Transformations. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental Assessment of Tandem-Hopped Radar and Communications (THoRaCs) (2019)

A dual-function radar/communication emission scheme was recently developed in which undistorted information-bearing OFDM subcarriers are embedded into the constant amplitude and spectrally well-contained structure of FM noise radar waveforms via a two-stage optimization process. This power-efficient formulation is amenable to high-power amplification on transmit and subsequent demodulation of the embedded communication symbols through standard OFDM receive processing. Here the individual attributes of the emission are experimentally evaluated through free-space transmission followed by capture of the reflected radar echoes along with separate capture and demodulation by a communication receiver.
Fault localization in backbone networks (2007)

Automated, rapid and effective fault management is a central goal of large operational IP networks. Yet, today's networks suffer from a wide and volatile set of failure modes, where the underlying fault proves difficult to be detected and localized. In this dissertation, we introduce a fault localization methodology based on the use of risk models. At a high level, risk modeling involves constructing a bi-partite dependency relationship between a set of observable failure symptoms and associated root causes. It then uses novel fault-localization algorithms that use the set of observed failure symptoms and the constructed risk models to output a set of candidate root causes that best explain the symptoms. 
Using observations from monitoring data commonly available today in ISP networks, we apply risk-modeling methodology to two different fault-localization problems—IP link and black hole localization—commonly observed in practice. For these two fault-localization problems, we have designed, implemented, evaluated and deployed systems in a real tier-one ISP network. Our experience indicates that risk modeling is effective in narrowing down the set of root causes of failures significantly, thus assisting network operators respond quickly to common failure modes. 
While our systems indicate tremendous promise in the risk-modeling approach, still, risk modeling is an indirect inference mechanism born out of necessity, especially in situations where direct isolation mechanisms do not exist. Thus, we propose composition-based architecture called m-Plane that utilizes specialized router primitives to directly isolate the location of failures that affect traffic. In addition to monitoring connectivity problems, our architecture can also generalize to localizing other end-to-end performance degradations such as delay and loss.