gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Stochastic Proximal Gradient Framework for Decentralized Non-Convex Composite Optimization: Topology-Independent Sample Complexity and Communication Efficiency (2021)

Decentralized optimization is a promising parallel computation paradigm for large-scale data analytics and machine learning problems defined over a network of nodes. This paper is concerned with decentralized non-convex composite problems with population or empirical risk. In particular, the networked nodes are tasked to find an approximate stationary point of the average of local, smooth, possibly non-convex risk functions plus a possibly non-differentiable extended valued convex regularizer. Under this general formulation, we propose the first provably efficient, stochastic proximal gradient framework, called ProxGT. Specifically, we construct and analyze several instances of ProxGT that are tailored respectively for different problem classes of interest. Remarkably, we show that the sample complexities of these instances are network topology-independent and achieve linear speedups compared to that of the corresponding centralized optimal methods implemented on a single node.
11 Transcriptional Regulation in Response to Exercise (1999)

Much progress has been made in recent years into understanding molecular mechanisms by which transcription is regulated following changes in physiological stimuli. This review has tried to focus on what is known about four specific physiological challenges--mechanical load, intracellular calcium, hypoxia, and redox state. Because of our biased interest in exercise, it was our goal to review these relatively well-studied systems so that we might provide insight into potential mechanisms that govern exercise-induced transcriptional changes. What becomes obvious, when reaching the end of this review, is that there are many common themes among the different physiological responses described. Some examples include the activation of IEGs, such as c-jun and c-fos, the phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB, and the importance of the serum response element and the serum response factor. These commonalities across the different physiological systems suggest a certain redundancy or shared mechanism(s) for regulating transcription in response to physiological stimuli. While very little is known at this time about how exercise regulates transcription, it is an exciting time in this field of research. The recent growth in the molecular biological research literature of more physiologically-based studies provides exciting new molecular and cellular tools for those researchers willing to take on the challenge of understanding the complex mechanisms of exercise-induced adaptations.
Speech Aware Dialog System Technology Challenge (DSTC11) (2022)

Most research on task oriented dialog modeling is based on written text input. However, users interact with practical dialog systems often using speech as input. Typically, systems convert speech into text using an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system, introducing errors. Furthermore, these systems do not address the differences in written and spoken language. The research on this topic is stymied by the lack of a public corpus. Motivated by these considerations, our goal in hosting the speech-aware dialog state tracking challenge was to create a public corpus or task which can be used to investigate the performance gap between the written and spoken forms of input, develop models that could alleviate this gap, and establish whether Text-to-Speech-based (TTS) systems is a reasonable surrogate to the more-labor intensive human data collection. We created three spoken versions of the popular written-domain MultiWoz task -- (a) TTS-Verbatim: written user inputs were converted into speech waveforms using a TTS system, (b) Human-Verbatim: humans spoke the user inputs verbatim, and (c) Human-paraphrased: humans paraphrased the user inputs. Additionally, we provided different forms of ASR output to encourage wider participation from teams that may not have access to state-of-the-art ASR systems. These included ASR transcripts, word time stamps, and latent representations of the audio (audio encoder outputs). In this paper, we describe the corpus, report results from participating teams, provide preliminary analyses of their results, and summarize the current state-of-the-art in this domain.
Minimum-Time Reconfiguration Maneuvers of Satellite Formations Using Perturbation Forces (2017)

A novel approach for minimum-time reconfiguration of satellite formations is proposed considering the perturbation forces as control variables. Planning appropriate attitude maneuvers for each satellite, the atmospheric drag and of the solar radiation pressure are properly controlled, and the formation is given the appropriate inputs to achieve the imposed reconfiguration. Limits and advantages of the presented maneuvers are examined considering low Earth orbits, medium Earth orbits, and geostationary orbits. The recent inverse dynamics particle swarm optimization is involved; the integration of the attitude dynamics is avoided, thus reducing the computational effort, and satisfied attitude constraints at the initial and final time instants are guaranteed. B-spline curves approximate the attitude kinematics, variable time mesh points are introduced, and adaptive decreasing tolerances are considered for the imposed constraints. The evolution of the configuration is simulated with a high-fidelity orbital simulator considering all the perturbations that can affect the maneuver. Two test cases are taken into account, one involving a circular formation reconfiguration and the other an along-track reconfiguration.
SENSITIZATION TO AND INHIBITION OF THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF TNF IN INFECTED MICE (1997)

Brouckaert, Peter; Cauwels, Anje; Everaerdt, Bart; Grijalba, Bernardo; Van Molle, Wim; Ameloot, Paul; Gansemans, Yannick; Libert, Claude; Takahashi, Nozomi; Truong, Marie-José; Fiers, Walter Author Information
Stimulus-Driven Chemosensory Membrane Channels on Crayfish Sensory Cells (2021)

For aquatic animals, the chemosensory systems play prominent roles in food detection and communication. Crustaceans possess highly developed chemoreceptors on their walking legs and antennules for detection of relevant molecules from the aquatic environment; but in contrast to terrestrial arthropods (insects), little is known about the stimulatory substances. Single-channel recordings have opened real-time access to the reactions of membrane channel molecules. From electrophysiological recordings (action potential frequency), different types of chemosensitive units can be distinguished. They react only to amino acids, amines, pyridines, or nucleotides. This chapter presents recordings from cell bodies of chemosensory neurons on the walking leg obtained with the “patch clamp” technique. For the study of chemically activated channels, the outside-out configuration of excised patches has proved especially useful, since the channel molecules can be exposed to different concentrations of chemical stimuli. The characteristics of the channels activated by chemoattractants presented here correspond most closely to those obtained for transmitter-activated channels.
Supplementary Data from CD8+ Enriched “Young” Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Can Mediate Regression of Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1; Supplementary Table S1.&lt;/p&gt;
Molecular electrostatic potentials as indicators of covalent radii (1996)

Through nonlocal density functional calculations (B/LYP/6-31G**), we show that the minimum of the molecular electrostatic potential along an internuclear axis provides a more realistic boundary point between two bonded atoms than does the electronic density minimum. We also suggest that the two bonded atoms contribute approximately equally to the magnitude of the minimum potential along the axis.
The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (2007)

The SAQ is reliable, responsive to curve improvement, and shows strong evidence of validity. It provides more detail than the SRS in the appearance domain, and provides explanation of spinal deformity's concerns and improvements.
[Occupational olfactory changes: diagnostic trends]. (1999)

Olfactory testing has been of minor interest in Occupational Health due to the lack of testing methods able to detect malingering. On the other hand there is evidence that occupational exposure to several, mainly neurotoxic, substances may result in olfactory damage. We have combined three different testing methods in one package in order to assure a forensic-degree level of results. The package consists of: 1. primary neuron functionality testing with a single olfactory stimulant; 2. olfactory-trigeminal discrimination testing with regular sniff-test; 3. odor identification score by Doty's UPSIT test. Final judgement of a link between olfactory system impairment and occupational exposure to chemicals requires a good knowledge of the present and past occupational exposure and of the general conditions of the patient. It requires collaboration between the Occupational Health specialist and the expert in Olfactology and may be completed with endoscopy, radiography and other specific controls. We suggest that a more extensive use of appropriate olfactory testing should be established at least for special risk groups of workers. This will not only detect occupational health damage that would otherwise have remained unknown, but can also furnish new information on the neurotoxic effects of many inhalable chemicals.
Adaptive passivity based individual pitch control for wind turbines in the full load region (2014)

This paper tackles the problem of power regulation for wind turbines operating in the top region by an adaptive passivity based individual pitch control strategy. An adaptive nonlinear controller that ensures passivity of the mapping aerodynamic torque-regulation error is proposed, where the inclusion of gradient based adaptation laws allows for the on-line compensation of variations in the aerodynamic torque. The closed-loop equilibrium point of the regulation error dynamics is shown to be UGAS (uniformly globally asymptotically stable). Numerical simulations show that the proposed control strategy succeeds in regulating the power output of the wind turbine despite fluctuations of the wind field due to wake and turbulence, without overloading the pitch actuators.
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anti-angiogenic agents. (2004)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands have been implicated in angiogenesis and current data suggest that they are potential cancer therapeutic targets. Split-kinase domain RTKs, including receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, have important roles in tumor angiogenesis. RTK inhibitors targeting tumor microvasculature have shown promising results in preclinical studies, and use of these compounds as single agents, or in combination with other cytotoxic therapies, including radiation, is an area of active clinical investigation. Preclinical and clinical data from representative anti-angiogenic RTK inhibitors will be discussed in this review.
Generation of tooth–periodontium complex structures using high-odontogenic potential dental epithelium derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (2017)

An optimized induction method was established to promote the differentiation of mES cells into dental epithelium by temporally controlling the function of BMP4. A novel tooth-periodontium complex structure was generated using the epithelium.
Livestock Detection Based on Convolutional Neural Network (2020)

In order to keep the ecological balance of grassland and get the number of grazing livestock accurately, an improved livestock detection algorithm based on full convolutional neural network is proposed. First, MultiResUNet is proposed for image segmentation, and morphological operation is performed on the segmented image patches to get candidate regions. Then, the Inception V4 network in conjunction with SENet for strengthening object feature and reducing noise is proposed to classify the candidate regions. Finally, a comparison experiment is made between the proposed method and other livestock detection algorithm. Experimental results show the average accuracy (AP) of the proposed method is superior to the other livestock detection algorithm about 4.2%.
Data from <i>Pten</i> Inactivation Accelerates Oncogenic <i>K-ras</i>–Initiated Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt;) is expressed aberrantly in non–small cell lung cancer cells, but the role of &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; in lung neoplasia has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used a genetic approach to inactivate &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; in the bronchial epithelium of mice. Although, by itself, &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; inactivation had no discernible effect on bronchial epithelial histology, it accelerated lung tumorigenesis initiated by oncogenic &lt;i&gt;K-ras&lt;/i&gt;, causing more rapid lethality than that induced by oncogenic &lt;i&gt;K-ras&lt;/i&gt; alone (8 weeks versus 24 weeks of median duration of survival, respectively). Lung tumors arose in &lt;i&gt;K-ras&lt;/i&gt; mutant, &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt;-deficient mice that rapidly obstructed bronchial lumina and replaced alveolar spaces. Relative to &lt;i&gt;K-ras&lt;/i&gt; mutant tumors, the &lt;i&gt;K-ras&lt;/i&gt; mutant, &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt;-deficient tumors exhibited more advanced histologic severity and more prominent inflammation and vascularity. Thus, &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; inactivation cooperated with oncogenic &lt;i&gt;K-ras&lt;/i&gt; in promoting lung tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1119–27]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Distinguishing second harmonic generation images of mouse preterm labor via wavelet-based texture features (2010)

This paper presents an image processing system for detecting mouse preterm labor using Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy images. Two classes of SHG images are considered: normal pregnant cervix and premature cervical remodeling induced by Mifepristone. Among the commonly used texture features in image processing, wavelet-based texture features together with previously utilized image features for SHG microscopy of artificial collagen gels are identified to form an effective set of features for distinguishing the two classes of images. The results obtained indicate that correct detection rates above 98% are achievable.
Statins Reduce Melanoma Development and Metastasis through MICA Overexpression (2013)

Survival of melanoma patients after metastases detection remains short. Several clinical trials have shown moderate efficiency in improving patient survival, and the search for pharmacological agents to enhance the immune response and reduce melanoma metastases is still necessary. Statins block the mevalonate pathway, which leads to decreases in GTPase isoprenylation and activity, particularly those of the Ras superfamily. They are widely used as hypocholesterolemic agents in cardiovascular diseases and several studies have shown that they also have protective effects against cancers. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that treatment of melanoma cells with inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway, such as statins, favor the development of specific adaptive immune responses against these tumors. In the present study, we tested statin impact on the innate immune response against human metastatic melanoma cells. Our data shows that treatment of two human melanoma cell lines with statins induced a weak but significant increase of MHC class I Chain-related protein A (MICA) membrane expression. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma is involved in this statin-induced MICA overexpression, which is independent of Ras and Rho GTPase signaling pathways. Interestingly, this MICA overexpression makes melanoma cells more sensitive to in vitro lysis by NK cells. The impact of statin treatment on in vivo development of melanoma tumors and metastases was investigated in nude mice, because murine NK cells, which express NKG2D receptors, are able to recognize and kill human tumor cells expressing MICA. The results demonstrated that both local tumor growth and pulmonary metastases were strongly inhibited in nude mice injected with statin-treated melanoma cells. These results suggest that statins could be effective in melanoma immunotherapy treatments.
Becken-Bein-CT-Angiographie: Vergleich einer speziell konzipierten vollautomatischen Nachverarbeitungssoftware mit einer kommerziell verfügbaren Standardsoftware und digitaler Subtraktionsangiographie (2008)

Ziele: Steigerung der Genauigkeit der Beurteilbarkeit von arteriellen CT-Angiographien des Beckens und der Beine durch Verbesserung der Nachverarbeitung mittels einer speziellentwickelten Knocheneliminierungssoftware basierend auf einem komplexen vollautomatischen Segmentierungs- und Rekonstruktionsalgorithmus; Vergleich mit einer herkömmlichen, kommerziell verfügbaren Standardsoftware des Geräteherstellers (Leonardo; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) und dem Goldstandard DSA. Methode: Bei 36 Patienten mit peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) wurde eine CTA und eine DSA des Beckens und der Beine durchgeführt. Die CTAs wurden als maximum-intensity-projections (MIP) rekonstruiert. Insgesamt 911 Gefäßsegmente wurden von 5 Beobachtern (2 Angioscope, 2 Leonardo, 1 DSA) semiquantitativ evaluiert. Sensitivität, Spezifität und Genauigkeit für Stenosegrad und –länge wurden ermittelt. Die Vergleiche der Messungen von CTA und DSA sowie die Berechnungen der Interobserver-Reliabilität wurden mittels Kappa Statistik (Cichetti-Allison) analysiert. Die Sensitivität, Spezifität, Genauigkeit und Interobserver-Reliabilität der Stenosegrade wurden zudem in Abhängigkeit von der anatomischen Höhe und dem Kalzifizierungsgrad des Gefäßes berechnet. Ergebnis: Die Auswertung aller Gefäßsegmente mittels der neuen speziell entwickelten Software (Angioscope) steigert die Sensitivität, die Spezifität und die Genauigkeit von 80.3% (77.1–83.6) auf 92.9% (90.9–95.0), von 69.1% (66.5–71.7) auf 92.4% (91.0–93.9) und von 73.5% (71.5–75.5) auf 92.8% (91.6–94.0) im Vergleich zur Auswertung mittels der kommerziell verfügbaren Standardsoftware (Leonardo). Die Interobserver-Reliabilität für Stenosegrad und -länge ist signifikant höher, wenn die Auswertung mit der speziellkonzipierten Software (Angioscope) erfolgt (k-Werte: 0.96 (0.94–0.97) und 0.96 (0.95–0.98)) im Vergleich zur Auswertung mit der kommerziell verfügbaren Software (Leonardo) (k-Werte: 0.45 (0.42–0.50) und 0.52 (0.47–0.57)). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie zeigen eine signifikante Steigerung der Genauigkeit der Beurteilbarkeit und der Interobserver-Reliabilität von arteriellen CT-Angiographien des Beckens und der Beine durch eine Verbesserung der Nachverarbeitung mittels einer speziellentwickelten vollautomatischen Knocheneliminierungssoftware (Angioscope), die keinen zusätzlichen Personalaufwand hinsichtlich Gefäßsegmentation erfordert.
Blueberries improve glucose tolerance without altering body composition in obese postmenopausal mice (2015)

BB supplementation prevents the glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis that occur in obese postmenopausal mice, and these effects are independent of body weight.
RAPPID: an asynchronous instruction length decoder (2003)

This paper describes an investigation of potential advantages and risks of applying an aggressive asynchronous design methodology to Intel Architecture. RAPPID ("Revolving Asynchronous Pentium(R) Processor Instruction Decoder"), a prototype IA32 instruction length decoding and steering unit, was implemented using self-timed techniques. RAPPID chip was fabricated on a 0.25 /spl mu/ CMOS process and tested successfully. Results show significant advantages-in particular, performance of 2.5-4.5 instructions/nS-with manageable risks using this design technology. RAPPID achieves three times the throughput and half the latency, dissipating only half the power and requiring about the same area as an existing 400 MHz clocked circuit.
Accurate Error Estimation Method considering Mobility and Packet Loss for Wireless Positioning Systems (2018)

To introduce a wireless positioning system, computer simulation-aided planning can replace the burdensome trial-and-error approach in the real environment to reduce installation costs. A positioning system error estimation method is necessary to confirm the validity of a placement plan for a wireless positioning system. Conventional methods have not considered device mobility and packet loss in the real environment. In this paper, we propose an accurate estimation method of positioning errors considering device mobility and packet loss caused by propagation environments. The proposed method has two features: one is creating time series for the received signal strengths (RSSes) using the ray-tracing method to simulate independent transmission from transmitters and movement of devices; the other is randomly dropping the RSSes from the time series to simulate the packet loss. Experimental results presented that the proposed method is five times more accurate than the conventional one.
Evolving stability and pH-dependent activity of the high redox potential Botrytis aclada laccase for enzymatic fuel cells (2017)

Fungal high redox potential laccases are proposed as cathodic biocatalysts in implantable enzymatic fuel cells to generate high cell voltages. Their application is limited mainly through their acidic pH optimum and chloride inhibition. This work investigates evolutionary and engineering strategies to increase the pH optimum of a chloride-tolerant, high redox potential laccase from the ascomycete Botrytis aclada. The laccase was subjected to two rounds of directed evolution and the clones screened for increased stability and activity at pH 6.5. Beneficial mutation sites were investigated by semi-rational and combinatorial mutagenesis. Fourteen variants were characterised in detail to evaluate changes of the kinetic constants. Mutations increasing thermostability were distributed over the entire structure. Among them, T383I showed a 2.6-fold increased half-life by preventing the loss of the T2 copper through unfolding of a loop. Mutations affecting the pH-dependence cluster around the T1 copper and categorise in three types of altered pH profiles: pH-type I changes the monotonic decreasing pH profile into a bell-shaped profile, pH-type II describes increased specific activity below pH 6.5, and pH-type III increased specific activity above pH 6.5. Specific activities of the best variants were up to 5-fold higher (13 U mg<sup>-1</sup>) than BaL WT at pH 7.5.
Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Risk for Stroke (2006)

Middle-aged persons with signs of early-stage AMD have a higher risk for stroke independent of traditional stroke risk factors.