gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forensic Examination And Imaging Of Password Protected Moveable Media Cards (2013)

Over the years there has been an ever increasing demand for more storage capacity and portability of electronic devices. History has witnessed the change in storage media technology from the floppy disk (1.44 Mb) to blue ray disc (25,000 Mb). But the greatest change of all revolutions in storage media facility was the introduction of the pen drive and the Memory cards. These memory cards are manufactured in various dimensions and specific technical aspects. At present, in open market more than 20 types of media cards are available[1-3]. These media cards provide users with the ease of portability and compatibility with numerous digital devices. Memory card can be used as external memory in a mobile phone as well as in a digital camera. The memory card can also be inserted in a memory card reader that can transfer the digital data captured from an electronic device to a computer. As such devices are so commonly in use, they are frequently encountered in many crimes as digital evidences having digital data in the form of digital pictures, messages, phone book, or even higher documents such as Microsoft office files. Retrieving data from such media card can be of major significance in providing clues to solve a crime. Abstract In digital world memory cards are an extension to user’s ability for storing, transferring and sharing data. Many digital devices available in the open market are designed to support the requirement of adding extra memory in the form of memory cards. With increasing use of such types of data storage devices their value as a source of digital evidence cannot be ignored. Multimedia memory cards may be recovered from devices such as mobile phone, digital cameras, and PDA’s. Password protection to the storage devices can be a big challenge to forensic examiners. In this paper an attempt has been made to provide solutions to digital forensic examiners in handling cases where memory cards are protected with a secrete password. The suggested procedure allows the examiner to remove the password and to image the memory card for further analysis.
Mitigating collision and preimage attacks against the generalized MDC-2 mode of operation (2010)

This paper proposes a set of mechanisms for enhancing the security of the generalized MDC-2 mode of operation. The MDC-2 mode is used for constructing a double length hash function, using block cipher building blocks, and is believed to provide some collision resistance. Recently, several attacks on MDC-2 have been published - collision, first and second pre-image attacks, with complexity below the ideal. In this paper we analyze the root-cause of these attacks, as applied to the generalized MDC-2 mode, and propose techniques for mitigating them. By mitigating we mean that with our amendments the attacks are either not applicable, or their complexity is pushed to ideal.
HIV-Resistant and HIV-Specific CAR-Modified CD4+ T Cells Mitigate HIV Disease Progression and Confer CD4+ T Cell Help In Vivo (2020)

HIV infection preferentially depletes HIV-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, thereby impairing antiviral immunity. In this study, we explored the therapeutic utility of adoptively transferred CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing an HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR<sub>4</sub>) to restore CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell function to the global HIV-specific immune response. We demonstrated that CAR<sub>4</sub> T cells directly suppressed in vitro HIV replication and eliminated virus-infected cells. Notably, CAR<sub>4</sub> T cells containing intracellular domains (ICDs) derived from the CD28 receptor family (ICOS and CD28) exhibited superior effector functions compared to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family ICDs (CD27, OX40, and 4-1BB). However, despite demonstrating limited in vitro efficacy, only HIV-resistant CAR<sub>4</sub> T cells expressing the 4-1BBζ ICD exhibited profound expansion, concomitant with reduced rebound viremia after antiretroviral therapy (ART) cessation and protection of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (CAR<sup>-</sup>) from HIV-induced depletion in humanized mice. Moreover, CAR<sub>4</sub> T cells enhanced the in vivo persistence and efficacy of HIV-specific CAR-modified CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells expressing the CD28ζ ICD, which alone exhibited poor survival. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that HIV-resistant CAR<sub>4</sub> T cells can directly control HIV replication and augment the virus-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response, highlighting the therapeutic potential of engineered CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells to engender a functional HIV cure.
Transmembrane topology of the lymphocyte-specific G-protein-coupled receptor BLR1: analysis by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. (1994)

The blr1 gene encodes the first member of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors showing a lymphocyte- and differentiation-specific expression pattern. To study the synthesis of the BLR1-protein and to characterize the receptor we fused its coding region to a sequence derived from human c-MYC allowing the detection of the corresponding fusion protein by an anti-myc-antibody. Expression of the epitope-tagged BLR1 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells to high levels showed an apparent molecular mass for BLR1 of 50 kDa. This is reduced to 40 kDa following treatment of the cells with tunicamycin indicating the presence of N-linked glycosylation. Furthermore expression of amino- and carboxyl-terminally tagged BLR1 demonstrated that BLR1 is an integral protein of the plasma membrane inserted therein in the predicted orientation. Using this efficient expression system we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb 8B2) against human BLR1. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes confirms the lymphocyte-specific expression of BLR1. The highly efficient expression of BLR1 in 293 cells and the generated mAb offers a powerful tool for further characterization of this receptor and analysis of its function on lymphocytes and during B-cell development.
Prediction of Incident Stroke Events Based on Retinal Vessel Caliber: A Systematic Review and Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis (2009)

The caliber of the retinal vessels has been shown to be associated with stroke events. However, the consistency and magnitude of association, and the changes in predicted risk independent of traditional risk factors, are unclear. To determine the association between retinal vessel caliber and the risk of stroke events, the investigators combined individual data from 20,798 people, who were free of stroke at baseline, in 6 cohort studies identified from a search of the Medline (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland) and EMBASE (Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands) databases. During follow-up of 5-12 years, 945 (4.5%) incident stroke events were recorded. Wider retinal venular caliber predicted stroke (pooled hazard ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.25 per 20-micron increase in caliber), but the caliber of retinal arterioles was not associated with stroke (pooled hazard ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.92, 1.08). There was weak evidence of heterogeneity in the hazard ratio for retinal venular caliber, which may be attributable to differences in follow-up strategies across studies. Inclusion of retinal venular caliber in prediction models containing traditional stroke risk factors reassigned 10.1% of people at intermediate risk into different, mostly lower, risk categories.
Integrated plasmonic nanobiosensors (2013)

We will demonstrate plasmonic and metamaterial based integrated nano-biosensors and ultrasensitive infrared absorption spectroscopy. These systems by enabling monitoring of molecular-protein interactions in real-time within aqueous solutions can be important for biomedical sciences and pharmacology.
Automatic derivation of FSM specification to implementation encoding (2002)

Efficient decision procedures based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs) have recently been developed for formal verification of hardware. A novel application of these procedures is presented. An algorithm is described for deciding whether a gate-level design satisfies a finite state machine specification. The unique feature of this method is that it does not require knowing the state encoding and, in fact, derives the encoding from the specification and a net-list description of the design. This algorithm is related to the algorithms that implement a computational theory of sequential hardware equivalence, as realized in the MCC-CAD sequential equivalence tool (SET). This theory of sequential hardware equivalence does not require knowledge of an initial state of the design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tungsten-Gated GaN/AlGaN p-FET With Imax > 120 mA/mm on GaN-on-Si (2022)

This letter demonstrates Tungsten (W)-gated <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -channel GaN/AlGaN heterostructure field effect transistors on a GaN-on-Si wafer grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The choice of W as the gate metal over the more commonly used Mo induces larger turn-on voltage and lower gate leakage current. An annealing step at 500 °C in N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ambient was introduced to heal the damage introduced during the gate recess step which resulted in lower channel resistance. Long-channel W-gated <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -FETs with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{{\mathrm {SD}}}=5.5\,\, {\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{{\mathrm {G}}}=1.5\,\,{\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> exhibits an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{{\mathrm {ON}}} \approx 25$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mA/mm, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{{\mathrm {ON}}}/I_{{\mathrm {OFF}}}&gt;10^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . A scaled transistor of dimensions <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{{\mathrm {SD}}}=1.2\,\,{\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{{\mathrm {G}}}=100$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm demonstrates an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{{\mathrm {ON}}} \approx 125$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mA/mm, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{{\mathrm {ON}}}/I_{{\mathrm {OFF}}}\approx 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R_{{\mathrm {ON}}}=170\,\,{\Omega }\cdot {\mathrm {mm}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
Hypopigmentary Action of Dihydropyranocoumarin D2, a Decursin Derivative, as a MITF-Degrading Agent (2010)

In this study, the decursin derivative dihydropyranocoumarin D2 (1) was selected for its effects on melanogenesis using a spontaneously immortalized mouse melanocyte cell line (Mel-Ab). The results showed that 1 effectively inhibited melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, but that it did not inhibit tyrosinase in a cell-free system. In addition, the changes in ERK, Akt, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in response to treatment with 1 were assessed. The results revealed that ERK was dramatically up-regulated and MITF was down-regulated in response to treatment with 1, but that Akt was unchanged. Therefore, the effects of 1 on melanogenesis were examined in the absence or presence of PD98059 (a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway). PD98059 restored hypopigmentation and the down-regulation of MITF induced by 1. Finally, MITF down-regulation by 1 was clearly restored by both chloroquine, a lysosomal proteolysis inhibitor, and MG132, a proteasome inhibitor.
Interactive Design Using the Example of a Complex Medical Application (2000)

Abstract Applications in the field of capital goods make specific requirements in terms of efficiency, fault tolerance, and verifiability-and therefore of the overall quality of use. Visual design-regarded as something derived logically from the functional stipulations and not just as an accessory to be applied later-contributes to this. The link between functional requirement and formal design will be illustrated by using Syngo, which is a software platform for controlling the image-transmitting procedure in radiology. In the context of the annual competition "Industrieforum Design Hannover" (Industrial Design Forum Hanover), Syngo was awarded the special "Best of Category" prize at the "Interaction Design Award 2000" (see Color Plate 11, Figures 1 and 2).
Human carnosinase 1 overexpression aggravates diabetes and renal impairment in BTBROb/Ob mice (2020)

Increased carnosinase 1 (CN1) is associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). BTBR<sup>Ob/Ob</sup> mice with human CN1 develop a more aggravated DKD phenotype. Microarray revealed alterations by CN1 which are not altered by hyperglycemia. These genes have been described to play essential roles in DKD. Inhibiting CN1 could be beneficial in DKD.
Early Events: The In Vitro Conversion of BMP Transduced Fibroblasts to Chondroblasts (2003)

Strategies for localized skeletal regeneration using either cell or ex vivo gene transfer typically utilize preosteoblasts from bone or bone marrow biopsies. Our studies have demonstrated than ex vivo bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) transduced fibroblasts convert to osteoblasts and form bone in vivo [1, 2]. In addition when suspended in a variety of thermoset hydrogels, these cells are capable of ectopic or orthotopic bone formation. To study the mechanism of the phenotypic conversion of BMP transduced fibroblasts, we have initiated characterization of three-dimensional (3D) cultures derived from these cell/collagen hydrogel composites. These data reveal that the BMP, but not control transduced fibroblasts, secrete BMP-7 and acquire some chondroblastic traits in 3D cultures. These traits include altered cell shape and changes in the extracellular matrix such as accumulation of cartilage proteoglycan, type II collagen, and mineral deposition by 3 weeks. These studies suggest that this culture system may be useful for elucidating early mechanistic events in the BMP-induced conversion of fibroblasts to osteoblasts.
Distributed ESD Protection Network for Millimetre-Wave RF Applications (2018)

ESD protection is critical to RF (Radio Frequency) circuits. However, linearity and parasitic capacitance that ESD protection devices present adversely affect the performance of such circuits. To address challenges in millimeter-wave RF I/O ESD protection, a robust ESD solution with adjustable working frequency is proposed. The design methodology is demonstrated through an example design. S-parameters characterization and ESD test using TLP electrical stress are presented to verify the proposed design.
Comparison of the steam-volatile components of commercial cigarette, pipe, and chewing tobaccos (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of the steam-volatile components of commercial cigarette, pipe, and chewing tobaccosEdmond J. LaVoie, Akemi Shigematsu, Patricia L. Tucciarone, John D. Adams, and Dietrich HoffmannCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1985, 33, 5, 876–879Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00065a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00065a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Joint data alignment up to (lossy) transformations (2008)

Joint data alignment is often regarded as a data simplification process. This idea is powerful and general, but raises two delicate issues. First, one must make sure that the use full information about the data is preserved by the alignment process. This is especially important when data are affected by non-invertible transformations, such as those originating from continuous domain deformations in a discrete image lattice. We propose a formulation that explicitly avoids this pitfall. Second, one must choose an appropriate measure of data complexity. We show that standard concepts such as entropy might not be optimal for the task, and we propose alternative measures that reflect the regularity of the codebook space. We also propose a novel and efficient algorithm that allows joint alignment of a large number of samples (tens of thousands of image patches), and does not rely on the assumption that pixels are independent. This is done for the case where the data is postulated to live in an affine subspaces of the embedding space of the raw data. We apply our scheme to learn sparse bases for natural images that discount domain deformations and hence significantly decrease the complexity of codebooks while maintaining the same generative power.
Lessons from experimental animal models (2023)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Development of Chemically Amplified Optical Sensors for Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring Final Report CRADA No. TSB-1162-95 (2018)

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects 14 million people in the U.S. and more than 110 million people worldwide. Each year in this country 27,000 diabetic patients become blind, 15,000 have kidney failure, and over 54,000 have peripheral limb amputations. In 1992, total healthcare costs in the U.S. for diabetes were more than $105 billion, approximately 15% of our healthcare budget. Conventional therapy for the most severe form of diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or Type I diabetes, is to administer one or two injections per day of various forms of insulin while monitoring blood glucose levels twice or three times daily with commercial glucometers that require blood samples. Near normal blood sugar levels (glycemic control) is difficult to achieve with conventional therapy. In the fall of 1993, the results of the 10-year $165 million Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) were published which showed that intensive insulin management would lead to dramatically fewer cases of retinopathy (which leads to blindness), nephropathy (which leads to kidney failure), and neuropathy (which can lead to limb amputations) [New England Journal of Medicine, Vo1239, No.14 977-986 (1993)]. If existing commercial insulin pumps could be combined with a continuous glucose sensor, a more physiological and fine-tuned therapy could be provided - in effect, an artificial biomechanical pancreas would be available. Existing research suggested that such a development would dramatically improve glucose control, thus greatly reducing morbidity and mortality from this disease. MiniMed Technologies in Sylmar, CA, identified a number of optically based sensor strategies as well as candidate chemical reactions that could be used to implement a minimally invasive opto-chemical glucose sensor. LLNL evaluated these sensor strategies and chemical reactions. These evaluations were the first steps leading to development of a sensor of considerable importance that could maintain near normal physiological glycemic levels, thus dramatically reducing the risk of the microvascular complications mentioned above.
Fretting Fatigue Properties and Detection of Crack Initiation of Inconel Alloy. (2001)

Plain and fretting fatigue tests of inconel alloy NCF690 were carried out under tension-compression axial loading. In the fretting fatigue test, the contact pad of stainless steel SUS405 was clamped and the pressure of the contact pads was changed from 60 to 200MPa. The fatigue strength in fretting fatigue substantially reduced comparing with that of the plain fatigue and fundamentally decreased with the increase of the contact pressure, but did not change in the region that the contact pressure was higher than 150MPa. The friction force amplitude and the relative slip amplitude increased with the increase of the stress amplitude. However, the friction force amplitude became almost constant in the region that the stress amplitude was high, when the contact pressure was equal to 60MPa. After that, measuring the strain information in the neighborhood of the contact surface of specimen and pad, the applicability of the strain interference method to the detection of the crack initiation in fretting fatigue was investigated. It was shown that the crack initiation life at which the crack length reached about 0.5mm could be detected by the strain interference method.
Long-term Follow-up of Ulcerative Colitis in the Chinese Population (2009)

The incidence of UC has increased sixfold in the past two decades in Hong Kong. The complication, colorectal cancer, and colectomy rates are low in Chinese patients but increase with duration of illness.
Hybrid Titanium Composite Laminates: A New Aerospace Material (1998)

In the realm of aerospace design and performance, there are few boundaries in the never-ending drive for increased performance. This thirst for ever-increased performance of aerospace equipment has driven the aerospace and defense industries into developing exotic, extremely high-performance composites that are pushing the envelope in terms of strength-to-weight ratios, durability, and several other key measurements. To meet this challenge of ever-increasing improvement, engineers and scientists at NASA-Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) have developed a high-temperature metal laminate based upon titanium, carbon fibers, and a thermoplastic resin. This composite, known as the Hybrid Titanium Composite Laminate, or HTCL, is the latest chapter in a significant, but relatively short, history of metal laminates.