gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bismuth@US-tubes as a potential contrast agent for X-ray imaging applications (2013)

The encapsulation of bismuth as BiOCl/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> within ultra-short (ca. 50 nm) single-walled carbon nanocapsules (US-tubes) has been achieved. The Bi@US-tubes have been characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Bi@US-tubes have been used for intracellular labeling of pig bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to show high X-ray contrast in computed tomography (CT) cellular imaging for the first time. The relatively high contrast is achieved with low bismuth loading (2.66% by weight) within the US-tubes and without compromising cell viability. X-ray CT imaging of Bi@US-tubes-labeled MSCs showed a nearly two-fold increase in contrast enhancement when compared to unlabeled MSCs in a 100 kV CT clinical scanner. The CT signal enhancement from the Bi@US-tubes is 500 times greater than polymer-coated Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles and several-fold that of any clinical iodinated contrast agent (CA) at the same concentration. Our findings suggest that the Bi@US-tubes can be used as a potential new class of X-ray CT agent for stem cell labeling and possibly in vivo tracking.
Novel Three-Dimensional Packaging Approaches Using Magnetically Aligned Anisotropic Conductive Adhesive for Microwave Applications (2010)

Upon the application of a magnetic field, ferromagnetic particles will self-align along the field lines of the applied field. Rods are thus formed that can grow until they are stopped by a substrate after application of a material and at the angle of the applied field. The dynamic growth of the columns is beneficial for implementing packages with complicated three-dimensional system integration. The growth of the rods, internal to the material, has the ability to adapt to the gap between pads or even an angle between the substrates. In this work, we demonstrate these advantages by showing multilayer interconnects as well as angled connections for three-dimensional vertical chip stacking concepts. Four layers of silicon on top of each other were integrated with multilayer interconnects and the RF performance is demonstrated. In addition, we implemented a novel three-dimensional packaging structure for a horizontal-to-vertical plane transition, with the performance evaluated for a variety of angles. Consequently, the Z-axis anisotropic conductive adhesive is shown to be a suitable solution to implement advanced three-dimensional integrated microwave applications.
Motion Compensated Frequency Selective Extrapolation for Error Concealment in Video Coding (2022)

Although wireless and IP-based access to video content gives a new degree of freedom to the viewers, the risk of severe block losses caused by transmission errors is always present. The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for concealing block losses in erroneously received video sequences. For this, a motion compensated data set is generated around the lost block. Based on this aligned data set, a model of the signal is created that continues the signal into the lost areas. Since spatial as well as temporal informations are used for the model generation, the proposed method is superior to methods that use either spatial or temporal information for concealment. Furthermore it outperforms current state of the art spatio-temporal concealment algorithms by up to 1.4 dB in PSNR.
Control of Self-Assembly of Lithographically Patternable Block Copolymer Films (2008)

Poly(alpha-methylstyrene)-block-poly(4-hydroxystyrene) acts as both a lithographic deep UV photoresist and a self-assembling material, making it ideal for patterning simultaneously by both top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods. Solvent vapor annealing improves the quality of the self-assembled patterns in this material without compromising its ability to function as a photoresist. The choice of solvent used for annealing allows for control of the self-assembled pattern morphology. Annealing in a nonselective solvent (tetrahydrofuran) results in parallel orientation of cylindrical domains, while a selective solvent (acetone) leads to formation of a trapped spherical morphology. Finally, we have self-assembled both cylindrical and spherical phases within lithographically patterned features, demonstrating the ability to precisely control ordering. Observing the time evolution of switching from cylindrical to spherical morphology within these features provides clues to the mechanism of ordering by selective solvent.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycolic Acid (2007)

Abstract A chemoenzymatic process for the production of high‐purity glycolic acid has been demonstrated, starting with the reaction of formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide to produce glycolonitrile in &gt;99 % yield and purity. The resulting aqueous glycolonitrile was used without further purification in a subsequent biocatalytic conversion of glycolonitrile to ammonium glycolate. A high‐activity biocatalyst based on an Acidovorax facilis 72W nitrilase was developed, where protein engineering and optimized protein expression in an E. coli transformant host were used to improve microbial nitrilase specific activity by 33‐fold compared to the wild‐type strain. A biocatalyst productivity of &gt;1000 g glycolic acid/g dry cell weight was achieved using a glutaraldehyde/polyethylenimine cross‐linked carrageenan‐immobilized E. coli MG1655 transformant expressing the A. facilis 72W nitrilase mutant, where 3.2 M ammonium glycolate was produced in consecutive batch reactions with biocatalyst recycle, or in a continuous stirred‐tank reactor. Direct conversion of the unpurified ammonium glycolate product solution to high‐purity aqueous glycolic acid was accomplished by fixed‐bed ion exchange over a strong acid cation resin.
1 H detection and dynamic nuclear polarization–enhanced NMR of Aβ 1-42 fibrils (2021)

Several publications describing high-resolution structures of amyloid-β (Aβ) and other fibrils have demonstrated that magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy is an ideal tool for studying amyloids at atomic resolution. Nonetheless, MAS NMR suffers from low sensitivity, requiring relatively large amounts of samples and extensive signal acquisition periods, which in turn limits the questions that can be addressed by atomic-level spectroscopic studies. Here, we show that these drawbacks are removed by utilizing two relatively recent additions to the repertoire of MAS NMR experiments-namely, <sup>1</sup>H detection and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). We show resolved and sensitive two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) correlations obtained on <sup>13</sup>C,<sup>15</sup>N-enriched, and fully protonated samples of M<sub>0</sub>Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> fibrils by high-field <sup>1</sup>H-detected NMR at 23.4 T and 18.8 T, and <sup>13</sup>C-detected DNP MAS NMR at 18.8 T. These spectra enable nearly complete resonance assignment of the core of M<sub>0</sub>Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> (K16-A42) using submilligram sample quantities, as well as the detection of numerous unambiguous internuclear proximities defining both the structure of the core and the arrangement of the different monomers. An estimate of the sensitivity of the two approaches indicates that the DNP experiments are currently ∼6.5 times more sensitive than <sup>1</sup>H detection. These results suggest that <sup>1</sup>H detection and DNP may be the spectroscopic approaches of choice for future studies of Aβ and other amyloid systems.
Stem cell plasticity: time for a reappraisal? (2005)

In recent years an increasing number of publications have claimed that adult mammalian stem cells (SC) may be capable of differentiating across tissue lineage boundaries and that this plasticity may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for tissue regeneration. However, after a first phase of excitement, the issue of somatic SC plasticity remains controversial and the therapeutic perspectives are still elusive. In this review, we examine the general mechanisms which govern the function of SC, the identification and functional characterization of adult SC of different tissues and their putative capacity to transdifferentiate into mature cells of different origin. The potential clinical applications of adult SC for regenerative medicine are also discussed in each chapter. The method employed for preparing this review was the informal consensus development. Members of the Working Group on SC met four times and discussed the single points, previously assigned by the Chairman (S.T.), in order to achieve an agreement on different opinions and approve the final manuscript. All the authors of the present review have been working in the field of SC and have contributed original papers to peer-reviewed journals. In addition to the authors' own work, the present review examines articles published in journals covered by the Science Citation Index and Medline.
Modeling TDMA-based USAP in JTRS MDL for multicast and unicast traffic (2010)

In this paper, we develop loss network models for the hard scheduling mode (virtual circuit mode) of the reservation-based USAP scheduling protocol as used in the Mobile Data Link (MDL) of the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS). These models are used to find performance metric estimates for both multicast and unicast traffic. USAP (Unifying Slot Assignment Protocol) is a dynamic distributed resource allocation protocol for mobile multihop wireless networks where the channel is partitioned in time and frequency. MDL creates a backbone sub-network and routes all traffic through this sub-network. For the backbone sub-network, we consider algorithms that form Connected Dominating Sets. We use loss network models that couple the physical, MAC, and routing layers effects. The effect of the MAC layer is modeled by approximating available capacity at a node. The available capacity to transmit is computed based on the USAP reservation rules and the node's 2-hop neighborhood traffic. For a given time varying scenario, we compute the performance metrics of blocking probability and throughput for both multicast and unicast traffic as a function of time. We compare the results of our model against simulation.
Ring topology and strain in pure silica zeolites (2005)

Pentagonal, octagonal; decagonal and dodecagonal structures have been observed in several alloy systems. These structures are quasiperiodic in a plane and periodic in its perpendicular direction. Crystals aperiodic in one direction have been known for decades. It is interesting to study intermediate structures in which the periodic and quasiperiodi directions are intrinsically connected. That may be done by projecting a a periodic structure in D (>3) dimensions into threedimensional space so that a second projection be quasiperiodic in a plane. We have achieved this earlier in the octagonal case [1] and partly in the dodecagonal case [2]. Here we present an improved dodecagonal version, as well as a new look at the pentagonal, or rather decagonal case. In the dodecagonal case we cut and project first the four-dimensional root lattice D 4 into R 3 and then into a suitable irrational R 2 . In the pentagonal/decagonal case we start with the fivedimensional simple cubic lattice Z 5 .
A Metaproteomic Approach to Study Human-Microbial Ecosystems at the Mucosal Luminal Interface (2011)

Aberrant interactions between the host and the intestinal bacteria are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of many digestive diseases. However, studying the complex ecosystem at the human mucosal-luminal interface (MLI) is challenging and requires an integrative systems biology approach. Therefore, we developed a novel method integrating lavage sampling of the human mucosal surface, high-throughput proteomics, and a unique suite of bioinformatic and statistical analyses. Shotgun proteomic analysis of secreted proteins recovered from the MLI confirmed the presence of both human and bacterial components. To profile the MLI metaproteome, we collected 205 mucosal lavage samples from 38 healthy subjects, and subjected them to high-throughput proteomics. The spectral data were subjected to a rigorous data processing pipeline to optimize suitability for quantitation and analysis, and then were evaluated using a set of biostatistical tools. Compared to the mucosal transcriptome, the MLI metaproteome was enriched for extracellular proteins involved in response to stimulus and immune system processes. Analysis of the metaproteome revealed significant individual-related as well as anatomic region-related (biogeographic) features. Quantitative shotgun proteomics established the identity and confirmed the biogeographic association of 49 proteins (including 3 functional protein networks) demarcating the proximal and distal colon. This robust and integrated proteomic approach is thus effective for identifying functional features of the human mucosal ecosystem, and a fresh understanding of the basic biology and disease processes at the MLI.
Regiodivergent Reductive Opening of Epoxides by Catalytic Hydrogenation Promoted by a (Cyclopentadienone)iron Complex (2021)

The reductive opening of epoxides represents an attractive method for the synthesis of alcohols, but its potential application is limited by the use of stoichiometric amounts of metal hydride reducing agents (e.g., LiAlH4). For this reason, the corresponding homogeneous catalytic version with H2 is receiving increasing attention. However, investigation of this alternative has just begun, and several issues are still present, such as the use of noble metals/expensive ligands, high catalytic loading, and poor regioselectivity. Herein, we describe the use of a cheap and easy-to-handle (cyclopentadienone)iron complex (1a), previously developed by some of us, as a precatalyst for the reductive opening of epoxides with H2. While aryl epoxides smoothly reacted to afford linear alcohols, aliphatic epoxides turned out to be particularly challenging, requiring the presence of a Lewis acid cocatalyst. Remarkably, we found that it is possible to steer the regioselectivity with a careful choice of Lewis acid. A series of deuterium labeling and computational studies were run to investigate the reaction mechanism, which seems to involve more than a single pathway.
Quality improvements in radiation oncology clinical trials (2023)

Clinical trials have become the primary mechanism to validate process improvements in oncology clinical practice. Over the past two decades there have been considerable process improvements in the practice of radiation oncology within the structure of a modern department using advanced technology for patient care. Treatment planning is accomplished with volume definition including fusion of multiple series of diagnostic images into volumetric planning studies to optimize the definition of tumor and define the relationship of tumor to normal tissue. Daily treatment is validated by multiple tools of image guidance. Computer planning has been optimized and supported by the increasing use of artificial intelligence in treatment planning. Informatics technology has improved, and departments have become geographically transparent integrated through informatics bridges creating an economy of scale for the planning and execution of advanced technology radiation therapy. This serves to provide consistency in department habits and improve quality of patient care. Improvements in normal tissue sparing have further improved tolerance of treatment and allowed radiation oncologists to increase both daily and total dose to target. Radiation oncologists need to define <i>a priori</i> dose volume constraints to normal tissue as well as define how image guidance will be applied to each radiation treatment. These process improvements have enhanced the utility of radiation therapy in patient care and have made radiation therapy an attractive option for care in multiple primary disease settings. In this chapter we review how these changes have been applied to clinical practice and incorporated into clinical trials. We will discuss how the changes in clinical practice have improved the quality of clinical trials in radiation therapy. We will also identify what gaps remain and need to be addressed to offer further improvements in radiation oncology clinical trials and patient care.
Reaching grid parity using BP Solar crystalline silicon technology (2010)

This paper reports on BP Solar's DOE sponsored Technology Pathways Partnership. The paper presents the goals, the technical approach and progress for two years. The overall goals of the program are to reach grid parity for residential and commercial markets and to increase production volumes. This program is addressing all aspects of the PV product chain including: · Solar grade silicon (SGS) development; · Implementation of Mono <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ™ technology (single crystal quality at multi cost); · Wafering thinner wafers using thinner wire; · Optimized cell process for thin Mono <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ™ to achieve a cell efficiency of 18 % in 2010; · Lower module material costs and products designed for integration into specific roof types; · Automation and process control for handling hundreds of cells per minute and; · Inverters designed with the capability to dispatch batteries. Specific accomplishments reported on in this paper include: · A manufacturing trial of Mono <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ™ technology from casting through module production; · Product development for a utility scale module; · Development of ThermoCool™ encapsulant to reduce module operating temperatures; · Work with Dow Corning to qualify a silicone based encapsulation system and; · Evaluation of measured versus modeled module and array performance.
The Risk of Cancer Might be Lower Than We Think. Alternatives to Lifetime Risk Estimates (2018)

The two proposed new estimates convey important additional information to patients and physicians. These estimates are considerably lower than the frequently quoted 33% lifetime cancer risk and are more relevant to patients and physicians. Similarly, breast cancer risk estimates up to or from a specific age differ considerably from the frequently quoted lifetime risk estimates of 1 in 8 women.
Three-Phase Electrical Measurement Representations for Nonintrusive Load Diagnostics (2022)

Electromechanical systems experience both gradual and sudden fault conditions. Power monitoring provides a valuable approach for detecting faults, essentially turning a machine into its own sensor for observing developing and abrupt failures. Machines can be monitored individually or nonintrusively (as a collection of loads) and signal processing can tease out relevant indicators of operational status and health. Load identification and diagnostics with aggregate electrical monitoring rely on the correct physical interpretation of measurements. Specifically, ties between the observed measurements and the actual physical task performed by a load ensure the relevance of a measurement, or a feature space derived from the measurement, for reliable identification and diagnostics. This article examines three-phase mathematical relationships for different load configurations, specifically with an eye toward selecting a feature space useful for automated diagnostics. The utility of these three-phase measurement representations is demonstrated with experimental data from several microgrid systems.
ROV-based 3D-controlled source electromagnetics for UXO detection and classification (2021)

Various underwater munitions response applications, including UXO site investigation and remediation, and mine countermeasures and infrastructure characterization, require the detection, geo-registration, and characterization of targets on, or below, the seafloor. The need to find explosive items of interest or high value infrastructure obscured in coastal and marine sediments has motivated the need for marine controlled source electromagnetic technologies integrated with remotely operated platforms. We have developed and demonstrated multiple 3D time-domain EM systems from various platforms to optimize the utility of underwater digital geophysical mapping (DGM) and advanced geophysical classification (AGC). Often, the 3D electromagnetic sensing technology requires close standoff to the seafloor, which is enabled by specialized autonomous platforms and/or tightly controlled tow winching systems. When tightly controlled and integrated with advanced underwater positioning systems, the sensor array systems exhibit new capabilities for characterizing the location, size, shape, and extent of the compact metallic objects. This is an especially powerful tool for critical nearshore applications where acoustic and optical methods are significantly challenged. We present multiple implementations of 3DEM sensors from remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), bottom crawlers, and surface towed arrays. We present the results of testing on both small inspection-class ROVs in littoral waters and amphibious bottom-crawlers in challenging surf zone conditions as well as large working-class ROVs in deeper water. Presented concepts include full axial illumination using 3D transmitter configurations with a focus on the engineering tradeoffs between practical hydrodynamic towed implementations and full angular illumination for high quality underwater UXO classification.
Prediction of blood pressure variability using deep neural networks (2020)

The results of this study show that our models can predict blood pressure over 4 weeks. Our models work for an individual with high variability of blood pressure. Therefore, we consider that our prediction models are valuable for blood pressure management.
Efficient Vertical Seismic Profiling using Fiber-Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Real-Time Processing (2013)

Recent developments in fiber-optic sensing present the opportunity to use a fiber-optic cable as a distributed array of vibration or acoustic sensors, referred to as Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). Using DAS for VSP surveys presents many new challenges and opportunities. We present methods to enhance data quality for VSP surveys by using real-time optimization along with fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing.
Aminosilane‐Grafted Zirconia–Titiania–Silica Nanoparticles/Torlon Hollow Fiber Composites for CO2 Capture (2016)

In this work, the development of novel binary and ternary oxide/Torlon hollow fiber composites comprising zirconia, titania, and silica as amine supports was demonstrated. The resulting binary (Zr-Si/PAI-HF, Ti-Si/PAI-HF) and ternary (Zr-Ti-Si/PAI-HF) composites were then functionalized with monoamine-, diamine-, and triamine-substituted trialkoxysilanes and were evaluated in CO2 capture. Although the introduction of both Zr and Ti improved the CO2 adsorption capacity relative to that with Si/PAI-HF sorbents, zirconia was found to have a more favorable effect on the CO2 adsorption performance than titania, as previously demonstrated for amine sorbents in the powder form. The Zr-Ti-Si/PAI-HF sample with an oxide content of 20 wt % was found to exhibit a relatively high CO2 capacity, that is, 1.90 mmol g(-1) at atmospheric pressure under dry conditions, owing to more favorable synergy between the metal oxides and CO2 . The ternary fiber sorbent showed improved sorption kinetics and long-term stability in cyclic adsorption/desorption runs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cyclotrimerization Route to Cannabinoids. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.