gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kallikrein Multigene Families and the Regulation of Their Expression (1990)

Tissue kallikreins are a group of closely related serine proteinases that are represented by multigene families in mice and rats. The existence of similar, large, kallikrein-like gene families in other mammalian species is currently a matter of dispute. We have surveyed a number of vertebrate species using genomic DNA Southern blotting and screened a human genomic library with a monkey kallikrein cDNA probe. The hybridization patterns of the genomic Southern blots and the characterization of 19 independent human clones using restriction analysis and Southern blotting indicate that other mammalian species may have multiple kallikrein-like genes as well. The regulatory mechanisms that govern the expression, activity, and bioavailability of tissue kallikreins are likewise complex. At the level of transcription, hormones, dietary factors, and tissue-specific factors are known to affect the expression of tissue kallikrein genes. At the posttranslational level, kallikrein activity and bioavailability are regulated by enzymatic activation, circulating autoantibodies, and binding proteins. We have demonstrated the presence of kallikrein-binding proteins in humans and rats, and, furthermore, we have shown reduced levels of this binding protein in a hypertensive rat model.
Tricyclo[3.2.1.01.5]octane. 3,2,1-Propellane (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTricyclo[3.2.1.01.5]octane. 3,2,1-PropellaneKenneth B. Wiberg and George J. BurgmaierCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 21, 7396–7401Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00776a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00776a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Constrained Tricyclic Nucleic Acid Analogue of α-l-LNA: Investigating the Effects of Dual Conformational Restriction on Duplex Thermal Stability (2013)

A constrained tricyclic analogue of α-L-LNA (2), which contains dual modes of conformational restriction about the ribose sugar moiety, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Thermal denaturation experiments of oligonucleotide sequences containing this tricyclic α-L-LNA analogue (α-L-TriNA 2, 5) indicate that this modification is moderately stabilizing when paired with complementary DNA and RNA, but less stabilizing than both α-L-LNA (2) and α-L-TriNA 1 (4).
Next Generation On Board Payload Architectures (2008)

Satellite systems are playing a key role like access network in the provision of next generation services. New concepts in the payloads architectures are required in order to support efficiently the new multimedia services. This paper will present the study of next generation payload architecture (in the context of Satsix project), taking into account the impact over different system scenarios.
Role of Chain Length in the Formation of Frank-Kasper Phases in Diblock Copolymers (2018)

The phase behavior of poly(styrene)-$b$-poly(1,4-butadiene) diblock copolymers with a polymer block invariant degree of polymerization ${\overline{N}}_{b}\ensuremath{\approx}800$ shows no evidence of Frank-Kasper phases, in contrast to low molar mass diblock copolymers (${\overline{N}}_{b}&lt;100$) with the same conformational asymmetry. A universal self-concentration crossover parameter ${\overline{N}}_{x}\ensuremath{\approx}400$ is identified, directly related to the crossover to entanglement dynamics in polymer melts. Mean-field behavior is recovered when ${\overline{N}}_{b}&gt;{\overline{N}}_{x}$, while complex low symmetry phase formation is attributed to fluctuations and space-filling constraints, which dominate when ${\overline{N}}_{b}&lt;{\overline{N}}_{x}$.
Structural edge detection based on fractal analysis for image compression (2003)

Addresses the problem of structural edge detection and discusses the possibilities of application of this edge information to image compression. For the purpose of detecting an edge efficiently, the authors first divide the image into appropriate nonoverlapping blocks and estimate the fractal dimension of each block by using the blanket-covering method. Secondly, the edge points are efficiently detected by using a wavelet transform where the dilation parameter is controlled based on a fractal dimension. The proposed method was tested on a real image using two wavelet functions, and the results are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A thermally polarized 129Xe phantom for quality assurance in multi‐center hyperpolarized gas MRI studies (2019)

The high-density polyethylene pressure vessels filled with thermally polarized xenon and associated loader shell combine to form a phantom assembly that enables spectroscopic and imaging acquisitions that can be used for testing, quality assurance, and performance tracking-capabilities essential for standardizing hyperpolarized <sup>129</sup> Xe MRI within and across institutions.
A cascadable InGaAsP-InP optoelectronic smart pixel with low switching energy (1995)

We demonstrate for the first time a 1.3-μm wavelength optoelectronic InGaAsP-InP smart pixel switching circuit using monolithically integrated p-i-n photodiodes and heterojunction bipolar transistors, along with surface-mounted folded-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The circuit functions as a cascadable optical switch with an on/off ratio of 6, and a maximum optical input/output differential gain of 6. At a bit rate of 100 Mb/s, a record low switching energy of 30 fJ was observed while maintaining circuit gain and cascadability. This switching energy is the lowest reported to date for an optoelectronic smart pixel.
Tumor stiffness based on 3D MR Elastography as a marker for predicting the aggressiveness in cervical cancer (2023)

Preoperative prediction of aggressiveness (histologic subtype, grade of differentiation, Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage) in cervical cancer (CC) using a noninvasive method remains a challenge. 3D MR Elastography (MRE) is a novel functional MRI technique which can quantitatively characterize the mechanical properties of tumors. We retrospectively analyzed 24 CC patients undergoing 3D MRE examinations and found that tumor stiffness (TS) in adenocarcinoma and FIGO stage III/IV was significantly higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma and FIGO stage I/II. TS based on 3D MRE could serve as a potential noninvasive marker to assess the aggressiveness in CC.
Synthesis of optically pure mitomycin C: A new route to FR900482 (1994)

Optically pure mitomycin C was synthesized in 28 steps and 5% overall yield from 2,6-dimethoxytoluene. The route followed was a variation upon previous work in our laboratories and the asymmetry was achieved by the resolution of racemic mitomycin A, an advanced intermediate.\nOur efforts at finding a new route to an intermediate in the synthesis of FR900482, are also described here. The key step was the cyclization of an epoxy-acetamide under basic conditions to form an eight-membered lactam.
Prostate specific antigen: an updated review. (2003)

Since its discovery in 1979, serum PSA has revolutionized how physicians manage men with prostate cancer. PSA screening, although currently under much debate, has been recommended by most North American medical bodies, including the Canadian Urological Association, to be performed as a shared-decision making process after discussing with patients the pros and cons of treatment. Although most commonly thought of as a screening tool, serum PSA has also been used to predict tumor volume, stage and prognosis in patients before and after treatment. In this review, we examine PSA testing and its effectiveness in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Further, we also evaluate recent literature regarding the use of PSA derivatives and other prostate cancer markers, such as proPSA, bPSA, and hk2
Serum glycomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal-endosomal system stress in human healthy aging and diseases (2017)

To verify the idea that extracellular free oligosaccharides might be able to reflect the functional status of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal-endosomal system, HPLC-profiles of serum-derived free oligosaccharides (FOS) in human healthy aging, acute myeloproliferative neoplasms, and cardiovascular pathologies were compared with intracellular glycans. After plasma deproteinization and FOS purification the oligosaccharides were labelled with anthranilic acid, separated into the neutral and charged with QAE Sephadex (Q25-120) chromatography and analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The charged FOS were digested with a sialidase and compared with free oligosaccharides from transferrin for structural decoding. HPLC-profiles of serum-derived FOS revealed mild delay of the dolichol phosphate cycle in ER, moderate intensification of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and degradation in endosomal-lysosomal system with aging; an inhibition of the dolichol phosphate cycle, intensification of ERAD and increasing of lysosomal exocytosis in acute myeloproliferative neoplasms; intensification of ERAD and glycocojugate degradation with endosomal-lysosomal system in cardiovascular diseases. As serum free oligosaccharides are able to reflect specifically perturbations in ER and endosomal-lysosomal system under wide range of stressors they can serve as extracellular markers of functionality of these organelles.
Study Design of a Phase 1/2a Trial with ISIS-DMPKRx for the Treatment of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (P3.167) (2016)

Objective: To assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ISIS-DMPKRx, a Gen 2.5 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug targeted to DMPK mRNA associated with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Background: DM1 is a multi-systemic disorder caused by the expansion of CTG tandem repeats on the 3ʹ untranslated region of the DMPK gene. The resulting toxic mRNA containing a CUG expanded region is aberrantly retained in the nucleus of cells and accumulates in subnuclear foci, sequestering or interfering with the normal functioning of two families of RNA-binding splice regulators: muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins and CUG binding protein 1. Preclinical studies have shown that ASOs can reduce toxic RNA through an RNase H1 mechanism, thereby re-establishing splicing patterns and reducing myotonia in mice. A Phase 1 single-ascending dose study of ISIS-DMPKRx has been completed in healthy adult subjects with data supportive of ISIS-DMPKRx advancing into DM1 patients. Methods: This is an ongoing multi-center Phase 1/2a, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple-ascending doses of ISIS-DMPKRx given subcutaneously to adult DM1 patients aged between 20 and 55 years. Multiple dosing cohorts are anticipated, with patients receiving 8 injections over 6 weeks in the low dose cohorts, or 14 injections over 12 weeks in the high dose cohort. In addition to safety and tolerability, a battery of outcome measures is being conducted to measure muscle function and molecular endpoints from repeat muscle biopsies. Results and Conclusions: To date, ISIS-DMPKRx has been generally well-tolerated and supports continued evaluation. No clinically significant or negative findings in laboratory evaluations, vital signs, ECGs or physical examinations have been noted. The pharmacokinetic profile is similar to other ASOs. Functional outcomes measures show good intra-rater reliability and consistency among the different centers, further supporting the use of these measures in clinical trials.
Ambient Ionization (DART) and Microextraction: A Perfect Complement (2023)

A sample preparation method that removes chemical interferences and concentrates the analytes of interest can greatly enhance the value of ambient ionization methods by improving selectivity and reducing detection limits. Because solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is rapid, inexpensive, and simple to use, it is an ideal choice of a sample preparation method for use with ambient ionization mass spectrometry. This chapter focuses on the combination of SPME and one of the most widely used ambient ionization methods: Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART).
Floating gate based ultra-high-sensitivity two-terminal AlGaN/GaN HEMT hydrogen sensor (2010)

This paper presents the analytical performances of an AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based sensor for the detection of H2 gas. The model calculates the changes in drain-to-source current and sensitivity of the device due to adsorbed atomic density of gas at the gate terminal. Simulated results indicate that AlGaN/GaN HEMT based floating gate sensors are highly suitable for the extreme environment detection of various gases with concentration as low as ~ ppb level.
Effect of cross‐linking on the mechanical properties, degree of crystallinity and thermal stability of polyethylene vitrimers (2022)

Abstract Maleic anhydride‐grafted‐polyethylene was dynamically cross‐linked via reactive melt blending with 4,4′‐dithiodianiline. Thermal and mechanical properties of polyethylene vitrimers with different cross‐linking density were investigated. The results indicate that the degree of crystallinity decreased with increasing cross‐linking density. This behavior was directly related to short‐term and long‐term mechanical properties: vitrimers showed a decrease in yield strength and creep performance. The yield strength of PE vitrimers decreased linearly in relation to the degree of crystallinity. Polarized optical microscopy revealed that the cross‐links inhibit the growth of spherulites structure in polyethylene vitrimers. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an increase in the onset degradation temperature and decomposition rate for vitrimers with increased cross‐linking density. The stiffness of the vitrimers decreased with increasing cross‐linking density which led to higher damping properties. Finally, it was demonstrated that reprocessing of polyethylene vitrimer was possible without significant impact in mechanical properties.
Impact of wave polarization on MIMO platform performance in the wireless home environment (2007)

In this study we present a simulation framework for modeling the antenna's spatial interaction with the propagation channel, derived and modeled from measurement campaigns. We present an application of the analysis in the 2400 MHz band. The antenna's interaction with the channel is considered in both vertical and horizontal polarizations. The resulting metrics - channel condition number, and system data rate - serve to quantify system performance as a function of antenna design and placement.
Mechanically scanned real-time passive millimeter-wave imaging at 94 GHz (2003)

It is well known that millimetre wave systems can penetrate poor weather and battlefield obscurants far better than infrared or visible systems. Thermal imaging in this band offers the opportunity for passive surveillance and navigation, allowing military operations in poor weather. We have previously reported a novel real time mechanically scanned passive millimetre wave imager operating at 35GHz and in this paper a 94GHz variant will be described. This 94GHz imager has a field-of-view of 60&deg; x 30&deg; and has diffraction limited performance over the central two thirds of this field-of-view. It is relatively inexpensive because the scene is imaged using a linear array of direct detection receivers and compact folded optics. The receiver array has been constructed using indium phosphide monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) allowing high gain and low noise figure to be achieved. The compact optics consist of a polarisation sensitive mirror and a Faraday rotator. readily The mirror is constructed from expanded polystyrene, supporting a printed copper grid etched onto a PTFE/glass fibre substrate. These materials are low cost and readily available. The Faraday rotator is made from a commercial grade plasto-ferrite sandwiched between antireflection coatings. The optics produce a conical scan pattern and image processing is used to generate a raster scan pattern and to perform gain and offset corrections.
Molecular Approaches for Diagnosis, Therapy and Prevention of Cow’s Milk Allergy (2019)

Cow´s milk is one of the most important and basic nutrients introduced early in life in our diet but can induce IgE-associated allergy. IgE-associated allergy to cow´s milk can cause severe allergic manifestations in the gut, skin and even in the respiratory tract and may lead to life-threatening anaphylactic shock due to the stability of certain cow´s milk allergens. Here, we provide an overview about the allergen molecules in cow´s milk and the advantages of the molecular diagnosis of IgE sensitization to cow´s milk by serology. In addition, we review current strategies for prevention and treatment of cow´s milk allergy and discuss how they could be improved in the future by innovative molecular approaches that are based on defined recombinant allergens, recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives and synthetic peptides.
Shear wave dispersion for fibrosis, steatosis and activity staging (2013)

Quantitative elastography has been established as an efficient tool for chronic liver diseases non invasive diagnosis and staging. By estimating the velocity of shear waves propagating in the liver, the local shear modulus can be estimated, and, since it is correlated to the fibrosis level, can thus be used for non invasive fibrosis staging. But shear wave propagation also yields information on the viscosity and other medium properties than can be assessed under the assumption of a rheological model and could be interesting for diagnosis. In this study, Shear Wave Spectroscopy is compared with fibrosis, steatosis and activity assessed by liver biopsies. Results show that dispersion curves can be used for the determination of the fibrosis stage with good accuracy when parameters are physically linked to the medium stiffness. Shear Viscosity is also found to be linked to the fibrosis level which could be a consequence of the relationship between viscosity and shear modulus assumed by the Voigt Model. While the activity level can also be retrieved from those parameters, it is believed that the activity level is a direct consequence of the fibrosis level for most patients and not an independent indicator. Contrary to preliminary reports and hopes on the issue, steatosis is not found to be correlated to any of the parameters tested here.
Sparse Parametric Models for Robust Nonstationary Signal Analysis: Leveraging the Power of Sparse Regression (2013)

Recent research and experimental findings, as well as technological development and commercialization efforts, suggest that even a modest amount of data can deliver superior signal modeling and reconstruction performance if sparsity is present and accounted for. Early sparsity-aware signal processing techniques have mostly targeted stationary signal analysis using offline algorithms for signal and image reconstruction from Fourier samples. On the other hand, sparsity-aware time-frequency tools for nonstationary signal analysis have recently received growing attention. In this context, sparse regression has offered a new paradigm for instantaneous frequency estimation, over classical time-frequency representations. Standard techniques for estimating model parameters from time series yield erroneous fits when, e.g., abrupt changes or outliers cause model mismatches. Accordingly, the need arises for basic research in robust processing of nonstationary parametric models that leverage sparsity to accomplish tasks such as tracking of signal variations, outlier rejection, robust parameter estimation, and change detection. This article aims at delineating the analytical background of sparsity-aware time-series analysis and introducing sparsity-aware robust and nonstationary parametric models to the signal processing readership, through readily appreciated applications in frequency-hopping (FH) communications and speech compression. Preliminary results strongly support the vision of seeking the right form of sparsity for the right application to enable sparsity-cognizant estimation of robust parametric models for nonstationary signal analysis.
Novel One-Dimensional Nanostructures (2005)

Of all the nanoscale materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received the most attention worldwide. These are configurationally equivalent to a two-dimensional graphene sheet rolled into a tubular structure.
Transitions of Heat Transfer Modes on Microfabricated Copper Wick Structures (2015)

Electroplating has been implemented in the fabrication of radio frequency circuits for many years. Combined with a photolithography process, this technology can be employed to precisely define both the particle size and distributions of copper wick structures in a phase-change heat transfer system. In this paper, two electroplated copper wick structures are developed to investigate characteristics of phase-change heat transfer at the early phase-change stage when applied heat flux is below . Using subcooled operating fluid, both visualization and heat transfer characterization indicate that the appearance of the onset of nucleation boiling plays a critical role in the transitions of the heat transfer model. Before the onset of nucleation boiling is triggered, heat transfer is dictated by the heat conduction of the wick, as well as evaporation on the meniscus interface. After the onset of nucleation boiling, the heat transfer coefficient is rapidly enhanced by boiling and evaporation within the wick structures. On the characterization curves of heat flux versus the substrate temperature, the wick properties, such as porosity, directly affect the onset of the nucleation boiling location. Submicrometer porous structures existing on electroplated copper pillars expedite the onset of nucleation boiling and enhance the heat transfer coefficients of the phase change.
Non-invasive production of small shallow lesions in soft tissues by mean of high intensity ultrasounds (1992)

A therapeutic ultrasonic focusing probe, operating at 7,31 MHz, is described. It is able to produce in a focal zone <; 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> an acoustic intensity (time averaged spatially averaged) up to 1500 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Applied in vitro, it shows its ability to induce thermal damage lesions with temperatures of about 70°C under appropriate exposure conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, G‐Quadruplex Stabilization, Docking Studies, and Effect on Cancer Cells of Indolo[3,2‐b]quinolines with One, Two, or Three Basic Side Chains. (2014)

Abstract The synthesized compounds, especially compounds (IIIb) and (IVb) show high G‐Quadruplex (G4) thermal stabilization over duplex DNA and selectivity for the HCT116 cancer cell line over primary rat hepatocytes.