gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral representation of transient signals (2014)

Signal processing techniques exploiting natural and efficient representations of a class of signals with an underlying parametric model have been extensively studied and successfully applied across many disciplines. In this paper, we focus attention to the representation of one such class, i.e. transient structured signals. The class of transient signals in particular often results in computationally ill-conditioned problems which are further degraded by the presence of noise. We develop the Discrete Transient Transform, a biorthogonal transform to a basis parameterized by decay rate, along with algorithms for its implementation which mitigate these numerical issues and enable a spectral approach to parameter identification, estimation, and modeling for signals with transient behavior. The three algorithms developed have varying degrees of numerical robustness for generating the biorthogonal transient basis. Issues pertaining to transient spectral leakage and resolution are characterized and discussed in the context of an example related to Vandermonde system inversion.
IonFlux, a Microfluidic Patch Clamp System Evaluated with hERG Channel Physiology and Pharmacology (2011)

Ion channel assays are essential in drug discovery, not only for identifying promising new clinical compounds, but also for minimizing the likelihood of potential side effects. Both applications demand optimized throughput, cost, and predictive accuracy of measured membrane current changes evoked or modulated by drug candidates. Several competing electrophysiological technologies are available to address this demand, but important gaps remain. We describe the industrial application of a novel microfluidic-based technology that combines compounds, cells and buffers on a single, standard 96-well plate. Cell trapping, whole cell, and compound perfusion are accomplished in interconnecting microfluidic channels that are coupled to pneumatic valves, which emancipate the system from robotics, fluidic tubing and associated maintenance. IonFlux-16TM is a state-of-the-art, compact system with temperature control and continuous voltage clamp for potential application in screening for voltage and ligand-gated ion channel modulators. Here, ensemble recordings of the IonFlux system were validated with the hERG channel (stably expressed in a CHO cell line), which has established biophysical and pharmacological characteristics in other automated planar patch systems. We characterized the temperature dependence of channel activation and its reversal potential. Concentration response characteristics of known hERG blockers and control compounds obtained with the IonFlux system correlated with literature and internal data obtained on this cell line with the QPatch HT system. Based on the biophysical and pharmacological data, we conclude that the IonFlux system offers a novel, versatile, automated profiling and screening system for ion channel targets with the benefit of temperature control.
The process engineer's workbench (1988)

A workstation-based implementation of a software system aimed at VLSI fabrication process synthesis is described. The system provides a versatile user interface to a number of process design aids, and incremental simulation capability, and an attractive graphical display of simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Assay of Nimodipine - an Anti Hypertensive drug, in Bulk Form and Pharmaceutical Formulations by Cathodic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (2011)

Adsorpitive Stripping square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods were developed, evaluated, and compared for the assay of nimodipine in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method allows determination of nimodipine in linear concentration range 2 x 10-5 to 2 x 10-6 mol L-1. The Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were noticed to be 7.11 ng/mL and 32.92 ng/mL respectively. The procedure was applied to the assay of the drug in tablets form with mean percentage recoveries of 100.1% with SWCAdSV and 99.99% with DPCAdSV. Precision and accuracy were also checked and were within the limits.
Challenging America: Modeling language in longer time scales (2022)

The aim of the paper is to apply, for historical texts, the methodology used commonly to solve various NLP tasks defined for contemporary data, i.e. pre-train and fine-tune large Transformer models. This paper introduces an ML challenge, named Challenging America (Chal-lAm), based on OCR-ed excerpts from historical newspapers collected from the Chronicling America portal. ChallAm provides a dataset of clippings, labeled with metadata on their origin, and paired with their textual contents retrieved by an OCR tool. Three, publicly available, ML tasks are defined in the challenge: to determine the article date, to detect the location of the issue, and to deduce a word in a text gap (cloze test). Strong baselines are provided for all three ChallAm tasks. In particular, we pretrained a RoBERTa model from scratch from the historical texts. We also discuss the issues of discrimination and hate-speech present in the historical American texts.
Surface Cracking and Interface Reaction Associated Delamination Failure of Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings (2008)

In this paper, surface cracking and interface reactions of a barium-strontium-aluminosilicate (BSAS) coating and a multi-layer ZrO28wt%Y2O3 and mullite/BSAS/Si thermal and environmental barrier coating system on SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites were characterized after long-term combined laser thermal gradient and furnace cyclic tests in a water vapor containing environment. The surface cracking was analyzed based on the coating thermal gradient sintering behavior and thermal expansion mismatch stress characteristics under the thermal cyclic conditions. The interface reactions, which were largely enhanced by the coating surface cracking in the water vapor environment, were investigated in detail, and the reaction phases were identified for the coating system after the long-term exposure. The accelerated coating delamfnation failure was attributed to the increased delamination driving force under the thermal gradient cyclic loading and the reduced interface adhesion due to the detrimental interface reactions.
A Universal Method of Producing Transparent Electrodes Using Wide‐Bandgap Materials (2013)

A UV light‐emitting diode (LED) is an eco‐friendly optical source with diverse applications. However, currently, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of AlGaN‐based UV LEDs, particularly in the UV‐C band (&lt;280 nm), is very low (&lt;11%) mainly due to a large optical absorption via p ‐GaN contact layers. A direct Ohmic contact to p ‐AlGaN layers should be obtained using UV‐transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) to solve this problem. A universal method is presented here to make such contact using electrical breakdown, with wide‐bandgap materials, to form conductive filaments (CFs), providing a current path between the TCEs and the p ‐(Al)GaN layers. The contact resistance between the TCEs and the p ‐GaN layers (or p ‐AlGaN) is found to be on the order of 10 −5 Ω cm 2 (or 10 −3 Ω cm 2 ), while optical transmittance is maintained up to 95% for AlN‐based TCEs at 250 nm. These findings could be a critical turning point delivering a breakthrough in UV LED technologies.
Cooling-Aware Energy and Workload Management in Data Centers via Stochastic Optimization (2015)

While the quest of end users for fast and convenient Internet services grows steadily, energy-hungry data centers correspondingly expand in both numbers and scale - a fact that raises global warming and climate change concerns. In addition, high penetration of renewables, development of energy-efficient cooling facilities, and flexibility of distributed storage units, all call for a system-wide energy and workload management policy for future sustainable data centers. As implementing offline management policies is practically infeasible due to complexity and the lack of future information, real-time management schemes are considered here under a systematic framework. Leveraging stochastic optimization tools, a unified management approach is proposed allowing data centers to adaptively respond to intermittent availability of renewables, variability of cooling efficiency, information technology (IT) workload shift, and energy price fluctuations under long-term quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Meanwhile, it is rigorously established that when storage devices have sufficiently high capacity, or, the difference between electricity purchase and selling prices is small, the proposed algorithm yields a feasible and near-optimal management strategy without knowing the distributions of the independently and identically distributed (i.i.d.) workload, renewable, and electricity price processes. Numerical results further demonstrate that the proposed algorithm works well not only for i.i.d. processes, but also in real-data scenarios, where the underlying randomness is highly correlated over time.
Germination deferment strategies. (2003)

This paper discusses the different strategies for delaying seed germination to improve chances of seedling establishment through matching germination time with suitable environmental conditions to maximize establishment success, and risk-spreading, which results in some seeds germinating while others wait in case conditions are not good enough. Environments were divided into three main categories: those that are constantly favourable for germination and seedling establishment; those in which favourable conditions occur at predictable times; and those in which favourable times for germination are unpredictably distributed.
Nanoparticle entrapped docetaxel (CPC634) enhances intratumoral docetaxel exposure compared to conventional docetaxel (Cd) in patients with solid tumors. (2019)

3096 Background: Failure or resistance to chemotherapy may be caused by sub‐therapeutic intratumoral drug levels. Nanomedicine aim to improve intratumoral drug exposure. CPC634 is a nanoparticle entrapping docetaxel. We hypothesized that CPC634 increases intratumoral docetaxel exposure. Methods: In this randomized cross-over study we assessed intratumoral and plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of docetaxel after intravenous administration of CPC634 and conventional docetaxel (Cd). The study was powered to identify an 25% increase in intratumoral docetaxel exposure of CPC634 relative to Cd. Patients (≥18 years) were randomized to receive 75 mg/m 2 CPC634 in cycle 1 and Cd in cycle 2 or vice versa. After drug administration, patients underwent tumor biopsies during both cycles. Total docetaxel was determined for both drugs and released docetaxel for CPC634 in tumor tissue and in plasma with a validated LC-MS/MS method. PK data were analyzed with mixed model analysis. Results: Sixteen evaluable patients were included. Intratumoral PK revealed a 323% (95% CI: 148,621) higher total docetaxel (p &lt; 0.001) for CPC634. Released docetaxel for CPC634 was comparable to total docetaxel levels for Cd (95% CI: -35-,67) (p = 0.43). Plasma released docetaxel for CPC634 exhibited an 89% (95% CI: 86, 91) lower (p &lt; 0.001) peak plasma concentration (C max ) and 81% (95% CI: 46, 125) higher (p &lt; 0.001) area under the curve (AUC) relative to Cd. Conclusions: CPC634 resulted in higher intratumoral total docetaxel and comparable released docetaxel levels relative to total docetaxel for Cd. CPC634 had a favorable plasma PK profile with a lower C max and prolonged higher systemic exposure relative to Cd. These results indicate that CPC634 could improve intratumoral docetaxel exposure compared to Cd. Additional studies assessing the intratumoral exposure to CPC634 (NCT0371243) and a phase II efficacy study of CPC634 in patients with platinum resistant ovarian cancer (NCT03742713) are currently ongoing.
The design of ViVA (2009)

In this paper, we present the design of ViVA, a visual vocabulary for aphasia. Aphasia is an acquired language disorder that causes variability of impairments affecting individual's ability to speak, comprehend, read and write. Existing communication aids lack flexibility and adequate customization functionality failing to address this variability and to satisfy individual user needs. We tackle these shortcomings by incorporating adaptive and adaptable capabilities in ViVA which is designed to assist communication for users suffering from aphasia. The visual vocabulary for aphasia implements a novel approach that organizes the words in the vocabulary according to user preferences, word usage and certain semantic measures, thus continuously tailoring the tool to the user's profile.
Data from Combinations with Allosteric SHP2 Inhibitor TNO155 to Block Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;SHP2 inhibitors offer an appealing and novel approach to inhibit receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, which is the oncogenic driver in many tumors or is frequently feedback activated in response to targeted therapies including RTK inhibitors and MAPK inhibitors. We seek to evaluate the efficacy and synergistic mechanisms of combinations with a novel SHP2 inhibitor, TNO155, to inform their clinical development.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;The combinations of TNO155 with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi), BRAFi, KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;i, CDK4/6i, and anti–programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody were tested in appropriate cancer models &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, and their effects on downstream signaling were examined.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;In EGFR-mutant lung cancer models, combination benefit of TNO155 and the EGFRi nazartinib was observed, coincident with sustained ERK inhibition. In BRAF&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt; colorectal cancer models, TNO155 synergized with BRAF plus MEK inhibitors by blocking ERK feedback activation by different RTKs. In KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt; cancer cells, TNO155 effectively blocked the feedback activation of wild-type KRAS or other RAS isoforms induced by KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;i and greatly enhanced efficacy. In addition, TNO155 and the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib showed combination benefit in a large panel of lung and colorectal cancer patient–derived xenografts, including those with KRAS mutations. Finally, TNO155 effectively inhibited RAS activation by colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, which is critical for the maturation of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages, and showed combination activity with anti–PD-1 antibody.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our findings suggest TNO155 is an effective agent for blocking both tumor-promoting and immune-suppressive RTK signaling in RTK- and MAPK-driven cancers and their tumor microenvironment. Our data provide the rationale for evaluating these combinations clinically.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Heat bump on a monochromator crystal measured with X-ray grating interferometry (2013)

Deformation of the first crystal of an X-ray monochromator under the heat load of a high-power beam, commonly referred to as `heat bump', is a challenge frequently faced at synchrotron beamlines. Here, quantitative measurements of the deformations of an externally water-cooled silicon (111) double-crystal monochromator tuned to a photon energy of 17.6 keV are reported. These measurements were made using two-dimensional hard X-ray grating interferometry, a technique that enables in situ at-wavelength wavefront investigations with high angular sensitivity. The observed crystal deformations were of the order of 100 nm in the meridional and 5 nm in the sagittal direction, which lead to wavefront slope errors of up to 4 µrad in the meridional and a few hundred nanoradians in the sagittal direction.
Transmission Line Characterization of Undercut-Ridge Traveling-Wave Electroabsorption Modulators (2008)

An experimental analysis of the electrical properties of traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators with undercut waveguides is presented. Modulators of varying ridge widths and amounts of undercut are fabricated and tested to compare characteristic impedance, effective index, microwave loss, and optical bandwidth. We demonstrate effective velocity matching and >40-GHz 3-dB bandwidth for a 400-mum-long device.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in a large European hemodialysis cohort (2022)

In this large, real-world cohort of hemodialyzed patients, mRNA and viral-carrier COVID-19 vaccines were associated with reduced COVID-19 related mortality. Additionally, we observed a strong reduction of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hemodialysis patients receiving mRNA vaccines.
First-in-Human PET Imaging and Estimated Radiation Dosimetry of l-[5-11C]-Glutamine in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2021)

Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. In addition to glucose, glutamine is an important nutrient for cellular growth and proliferation. Noninvasive imaging via PET may help facilitate precision treatment of cancer through patient selection and monitoring of treatment response. l-[5-<sup>11</sup>C]-glutamine (<sup>11</sup>C-glutamine) is a PET tracer designed to study glutamine uptake and metabolism. The aim of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the radiologic safety and biodistribution of <sup>11</sup>C-glutamine for oncologic PET imaging. <b>Methods:</b> Nine patients with confirmed metastatic colorectal cancer underwent PET/CT imaging. Patients received 337.97 ± 44.08 MBq of <sup>11</sup>C-glutamine. Dynamic PET acquisitions that were centered over the abdomen or thorax were initiated simultaneously with intravenous tracer administration. After the dynamic acquisition, a whole-body PET/CT scan was acquired. Volume-of-interest analyses were performed to obtain estimates of organ-based absorbed doses of radiation. <b>Results:</b><sup>11</sup>C-glutamine was well tolerated in all patients, with no observed safety concerns. The organs with the highest radiation exposure included the bladder, pancreas, and liver. The estimated effective dose was 4.46E-03 ± 7.67E-04 mSv/MBq. Accumulation of <sup>11</sup>C-glutamine was elevated and visualized in lung, brain, bone, and liver metastases, suggesting utility for cancer imaging. <b>Conclusion:</b> PET using <sup>11</sup>C-glutamine appears safe for human use and allows noninvasive visualization of metastatic colon cancer lesions in multiple organs. Further studies are needed to elucidate its potential for other cancers and for monitoring response to treatment.
New Progesterone Receptor Antagonists: 3,3‐Disubstituted‐5‐aryloxindoles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Processing of Polymer Melts with Other Devices and Machines (2021)

No AccessPlastics Compounding and Polymer ProcessingDec 2021Processing of Polymer Melts with Other Devices and MachinesKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald RustKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald Rusthttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908389.007SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2021Pages: 529-626Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-837-2eISBN: 978-1-56990-838-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Suppression of partition noise in infrared hot-electron transistors (1994)

The noise properties of hot electrons in three different infrared hot-electron transistors have been characterized. We observed that there is a reduction of generation-recombination noise after the hot electrons passed through the built-in electron energy filters. The magnitude of the reduction depends on the band structure of the filters, and can be attributed to the lack of partition noise associated with the quantum transport of the hot electrons. Based on this observation, low noise infrared hot-electron transistors can be designed using appropriate filters.
237 Evaluation of cooked and raw garbanzo beans as main plant protein sources in extruded feline diets (2019)

Abstract Garbanzo beans (GB; Cicer arietinum) are a readily available pulse crop that have gained popularity as a plant-based protein source in the pet food industry. However, raw GB contain anti-nutritional factors that can reduce digestibility and cause effects in pets that are undesirable to owners. The objective of this study was to determine GB effects on digestibility, gastrointestinal tolerance, and fermentative end-products in cats fed extruded diets containing raw or cooked GB. Five diets were formulated to have either raw GB at 0%, 7.5%, 15%, or 30% or cooked GB at 30% inclusion. Ten, adult, male cats (mean age: 1.0 ± 0.0 years, mean BW: 4.7 ± 0.4 kg) were used in a replicated 5x5 Latin square design. Each period consisted of 14 d, with 10 d of diet adaptation followed by 4 d of total fecal and urine collection. At the end of each period, 4 mL of blood was collected and analyzed for a serum chemistry and complete blood count to ensure all animals remained healthy throughout the study. Cats were fed twice daily and food intake was calculated to maintain body weight. Food intake was highest (P &amp;lt; 0.05) for cats fed 0% raw GB (72.2 g/d, DMB) compared to higher GB inclusions (average 70.3 g/d, DMB). Dry matter and organic matter apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) were lowest (P &amp;lt; 0.05) among all treatments for the cats consuming the 30% cooked GB diet (77.3% and 81.7%, respectively). Cats fed 7.5% raw GB had higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) crude protein ATTD (86.2%) than cats fed 15% raw GB (82.3%) or 30% cooked GB (81.6%). In conclusion, all inclusion levels of raw GB showed high digestibility (average &amp;gt;80%) and ideal fecal scores (average 2.9) demonstrating their adequacy as the primary protein source in feline diets up to 30% inclusion levels.
Modulation of telomerase activity by telomere DNA-binding proteins in Oxytricha (1998)

Telomere proteins protect the chromosomal terminus from nucleolytic degradation and end-to-end fusion, and they may contribute to telomere length control and the regulation of telomerase. The current studies investigate the effect of Oxytricha single-stranded telomere DNA-binding protein subunits alpha and beta on telomerase elongation of telomeric DNA. A native agarose gel system was used to evaluate telomere DNA-binding protein complex composition, and the ability of telomerase to use these complexes as substrates was characterized. Efficient elongation occurred in the presence of the alpha subunit. Moreover, the alpha-DNA cross-linked complex was a substrate for telomerase. At higher alpha concentrations, two alpha subunits bound to the 16-nucleotide single-stranded DNA substrate and rendered it inaccessible to telomerase. The formation of this alpha . DNA . alpha complex may contribute to regulation of telomere length. The alpha . beta . DNA ternary complex was not a substrate for telomerase. Even when telomerase was prebound to telomeric DNA, the addition of alpha and beta inhibited elongation, suggesting that these telomere protein subunits have a greater affinity for the DNA and are able to displace telomerase. In addition, the ternary complex was not a substrate for terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. We conclude that the telomere protein inhibits telomerase by rendering the telomeric DNA inaccessible, thereby helping to maintain telomere length.
Bilateral optic atrophy associated with abnormality of chromosome No. 2. (1983)

A one year old female infant with mental and motor retardation and bilateral optic atrophy in association with pericentric inversion of chromosome No. 2 is described.