gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Cl with vibrationally excited CH4 and CHD3: State-to-state differential cross sections and steric effects for the HCl product (1995)

The mechanism for the reaction of atomic chlorine with vibrationally excited methane is investigated by measurement of correlated state and scattering distributions using the method of core extraction (see preceding paper). Laser photolysis of molecular chlorine creates monoenergetic chlorine atoms (≳98% Cl 2P3/2) that react with vibrationally excited methane molecules prepared by linearly polarized infrared laser excitation. The resulting HCl product population distributions are determined by (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI), and the differential cross section for each product rovibrational state is measured by core extraction. Approximately 30% of the product is formed in HCl(υ=1,J) with a cold rotational distribution; the remaining population is formed in HCl(υ=0,J) and is more rotationally excited. We observe a rich variation of the scattered flux that is dependent on the internal-energy state of the product. The HCl(υ=1) product is sharply forward scattered for low J and becomes nearly equally forward–backward scattered for high J; the HCl(υ=0,J) product is back and side scattered. The reactions of Cl with C–H stretch-excited methane (CH4) and C–H stretch-excited CHD3 are found to have similar angular and internal-state distributions. Observation of the spatial anisotropy of the HCl(υ=0, J=3) product shows that significant vibrational excitation of the methyl fragment does not occur. The measured spatial anisotropy is most consistent with a model in which backscattered HCl(υ=0, J=3) is formed in coincidence with slight methyl vibrational excitation and the forward-scattered HCl(υ=0, J=3) is formed in coincidence with no methyl excitation. The approach of the attacking chlorine atom with respect to the C–H stretch direction can be varied by rotating the plane of polarization of the infrared excitation. A marked steric effect is observed in which Cl atoms approaching perpendicular to the C–H stretch preferentially yield forward-scattered HCl(υ=1) product. On the other hand, the reaction is weakly dependent on the rotational quantum state of CH4(υ3=1,J), and on the rotational polarization. The data are consistent with a model that has a widely open ‘‘cone of acceptance’’ in which the impact parameter controls the internal-state and scattering distributions of the HCl product.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Alterations of the Tumor Suppressor Gene <i>ARLTS1</i> in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Alterations of the Tumor Suppressor Gene &lt;i&gt;ARLTS1&lt;/i&gt; in Ovarian Cancer
Single-Step Conversion of Ethanol to n-Butene over Ag-ZrO2/SiO2 Catalysts (2020)

Ethanol is a promising platform molecule for production of a variety of fuels and chemicals. Of particular interest is the production of middle distillate fuels (i.e., jet and diesel blendstock) from renewable ethanol feedstock. State-of-the-art alcohol-to-jet technology requires multiple process steps based on the catalytic dehydration of ethanol to ethylene, followed by a multistep oligomerization including n-butene formation and then hydrotreatment and distillation. Here we report that, over Ag-ZrO2/SBA-16 with balanced metal and Lewis acid sites, ethanol is directly converted to n-butene (1- and 2-butene mixtures) with an exceptional butene-rich olefin selectivity of 88% at 99% conversion. The need for the ethanol dehydration to ethylene step is eliminated. Thus, it offers the potential for a reduction in the number of required processing units versus conventional alcohol-to-jet technology. We also found that the C4 product distribution, n-butene and/or 1,3-butadiene, can be tailored on this catalyst by tuning the hydrogen feed partial pressure and other process/catalyst parameters. With sufficient hydrogen partial pressure, 1,3-butadiene is completely and selectively hydrogenated to form n-butene. The reaction mechanism was elucidated through operando-nuclear magnetic resonance investigations coupled with reactivity measurements. Ethanol is first dehydrogenated to acetaldehyde over the metallic Ag, then acetaldehyde is converted to crotonaldehyde over the acid sites of ZrO2/SiO2 via aldol condensation followed by dehydration. This is followed by a Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction of crotonaldehyde to butadiene intermediate that is hydrogenated into n-butene over metallic Ag and ZrO2. A minor fraction of n-butene is also produced from crotonaldehyde reduction to butyraldehyde instead of butadiene. Isotopically labeled ethanol NMR experiments demonstrated that ethanol, rather than H2, is the source of H for the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde to butyraldehyde. Combined experimental-computational investigation reveals how changes in silver and zirconium composition and the silver oxidation state affects reactivity under controlled hydrogen partial pressures and after prolonged run times. Finally, catalyst effectiveness also was demonstrated when using wet ethanol feed, thus highlighting process flexibility in terms of feedstock purity requirements.
Zinc Thiolate Enables Bright Cu‐Deficient Cu‐In‐S/ZnS Quantum Dots (2019)

Copper indium sulfide (CIS) colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are a promising candidate for commercially viable QD-based optical applications, for example as colloidal photocatalysts or in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). CIS QDs with good photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and tunable emission wavelength via size and composition control are previously reported. However, developing an understanding and control over the growth of electronically passivating inorganic shells would enable further improvements of the photophysical properties of CIS QDs. To improve the optical properties of CIS QDs, the focus is on the growth of inorganic shells via the popular metal-carboxylate/alkane thiol decomposition reaction. 1) The role of Zn-carboxylate and Zn-thiolate on the formation of ZnS shells on Cu-deficient CIS (CDCIS) QDs is studied, 2) this knowledge is leveraged to yield >90% PLQY CDCIS/ZnS core/shell QDs, and 3) a mechanism for ZnS shells grown from zinc-carboxylate/alkane thiol decomposition is proposed.
Multi-View Stereo via Graph Cuts on the Dual of an Adaptive Tetrahedral Mesh (2007)

We formulate multi-view 3D shape reconstruction as the computation of a minimum cut on the dual graph of a semi- regular, multi-resolution, tetrahedral mesh. Our method does not assume that the surface lies within a finite band around the visual hull or any other base surface. Instead, it uses photo-consistency to guide the adaptive subdivision of a coarse mesh of the bounding volume. This generates a multi-resolution volumetric mesh that is densely tesselated in the parts likely to contain the unknown surface. The graph-cut on the dual graph of this tetrahedral mesh produces a minimum cut corresponding to a triangulated surface that minimizes a global surface cost functional. Our method makes no assumptions about topology and can recover deep concavities when enough cameras observe them. Our formulation also allows silhouette constraints to be enforced during the graph-cut step to counter its inherent bias for producing minimal surfaces. Local shape refinement via surface deformation is used to recover details in the reconstructed surface. Reconstructions of the Multi- View Stereo Evaluation benchmark datasets and other real datasets show the effectiveness of our method.
Supplementary Table 2 from Cellular Targets of Gefitinib (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Cellular Targets of Gefitinib
A Protocol for Transformation of Torenia (2012)

This chapter describes an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation protocol for torenia, a plant that has several useful characteristics and is primarily used for ornamental and experimental purposes. Leaf segments of torenia were co-cultured with A. tumefaciens containing a vector plasmid for 7 days at 22°C under dark conditions on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1 mg/L benzyladenine, 1 mg/L indoleacetic acid, and 100 μM acetosyringone. Subsequent culturing at 25°C under a 16-h photoperiod with fluorescent light on MS medium containing 1 mg/L benzyladenine, 300 mg/L carbenicillin, and selection agent (300 mg/L kanamycin or 20 mg/L hygromycin) allowed for transformant selection. Transgenic shoots were obtained from green compact calli after 2-3 months of culture in the selection medium. This method can achieve a transformation rate of approximately 5% (transformants/explant).
Iodine as a Visible Probe for the Evaluation of Zeolite Donor Strength (1996)

The visible absorption band of iodine adsorbed on zeolite blue-shifted with increasing the electropositivity of the countercation and the aluminum content in the framework. This phenomenon was attributed to the increase in the donor strength of the zeolite framework based on the analogous spectral shift of iodine in solution. In support of this, a negative linear correlation was observed between the measured visible bands of iodine adsorbed on various zeolites and their calculated Sanderson's intermediate electronegativities. However, the simultaneous change in the electrostatic field strength within the zeolite pores, as a result of the change in the number and the size of the cation, has to be taken into account in order to interpret the overall spectral shifts more precisely. The iodine band sensitively blue-shifted with decreasing the moisture content in the framework but red-shifted with the loss of NH3 from NH4+-exchanged zeolites. The visible band of iodine also progressively red-shifted with increasing the adsorbed amount, presumably due to the nature of iodine to deplete electron density from the framework. The framework structure also affected the spectral shift of the visible iodine band. The overall results established that iodine can be used as a novel molecular probe for the quantitative evaluation of the zeolite donor strength.
Optoacoustic technique for remote control of underwater oceanographic instrumentation (1999)

A sound source excited through the irradiation of a water surface with a powerful laser pulse is called an optoacoustic (OA) source. This phenomenon makes possible the remote control of submerged oceanographic devices (buoys) directly from a flying vehicle equipped with a pulse laser. The principal factors are analyzed (i.e., reverberation, ambient noise, etc.) which influence the efficiency of OA digital data transfer. The gap between the two neighboring laser pulses is the only parameter of signal that allows the transmitting of data through this remote technique. This makes different versions of pulse-position modulation preferable. Algorithms for processing detected signals are described. The optoacoustic communication system was tested at the White Sea. A CO2 laser on board a research vessel was used to launch an OA source. The acoustic signal level of about 105 Pa at a 1-m depth was achieved within the frequency band of up to 100 kHz. Test data messages at a rate of 2 bits per second for laser pulse repetition rate of about 0.5 Hz were transmitted along an experimental vessel-to-vessel 480-m line. The OA technique works well for devices submerged to depths of 2000 m and possibly more. [Work supported by RFBR.]
Simultaneous Transfer and Bonding (SITRAB) Process for Micro-LEDs Using Laser-Assisted Bonding with Compression (LABC) Process and SITRAB Adhesive (2021)

The transfer process of moving individual micro-LED chips to a display substrate has been regarded as the biggest technical obstacle for the commercialization of displays based on micro-LEDs. To date, various candidate technologies have not been able to meet the requirements of the transfer process in terms of productivity, yield, capability, known good die compatibility, and cost. In addition, after the transfer process, bonding between the micro-LED and the display substrate is typically accomplished through a process different from the transfer process, which also requires a technical solution. Generally, the bonding process proceeds sequentially after the mass transfer. Therefore, to increase the productivity, yield, capability, and compatibility of both processes, a new method is needed that considers the characteristics of both processes. In this work, we have successfully developed a novel process in which transfer and bonding occur at the same time. This process was named SITRAB, standing for SImultaneous TRAnsfer and Bonding. The SITRAB process was developed by applying our proprietary material called SITRAB adhesive to the LABC (Laser-Assisted Bonding with Compression) process, which we proposed several years ago. The total process time of SITAB was less than 10 s. Its working area could be easily enlarged, according to the homogenized area of the LABC equipment. Because the LABC process uses an IR laser, it is much cheaper than processes that require UV laser equipment. The major features of the STRAB adhesive are that it is fume free, and it is compatible with the LABC and repair process. The adhesive used during the SITRAB process is not cured, so additional transfer and bonding is possible with the applied adhesive on the substrate. A display substrate with a 35×35 micro-LED array was developed using the SITRAB process and the adhesive. The size of the micro LED-chip was about 80 μm× 130 μm, for which the conventional pick-and-place process could not be applied. Two types of solder materials were adopted and proven to be applicable. The repair process was confirmed based on SITRAB technology.
COVID-19 and liver disease: mechanistic and clinical perspectives (2021)

Our understanding of the hepatic consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved rapidly since the onset of the pandemic. In this Review, we discuss the hepatotropism of SARS-CoV-2, including the differential expression of viral receptors on liver cell types, and we describe the liver histology features present in patients with COVID-19. We also provide an overview of the pattern and relevance of abnormal liver biochemistry during COVID-19 and present the possible underlying direct and indirect mechanisms for liver injury. Furthermore, large international cohorts have been able to characterize the disease course of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis have particularly high rates of hepatic decompensation and death following SARS-CoV-2 infection and we outline hypotheses to explain these findings, including the possible role of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. This finding contrasts with outcome data in pharmacologically immunosuppressed patients after liver transplantation who seem to have comparatively better outcomes from COVID-19 than those with advanced liver disease. Finally, we discuss the approach to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation and predict how changes in social behaviours and clinical care pathways during the pandemic might lead to increased liver disease incidence and severity.
Aerosol flow reactor production of superconducting ceramic powder (1988)

Potential applications and basic studies of superconducting ceramics require the reproducible production of chemically homogeneous, ultrapure powders with controlled particle size distributions. Previous work has mainly examined the use of liquid and solid phase methods for superconducting powder production. In this work, it is shown that carbon-free, submicron powders based on the Y-Ba-Cu-O, La-Sr-Cu-O, Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O and Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O systems can be produced in a gaseous flow system by reacting aerosol particles containing the nitrate salts of the appropriate metals in flowing oxygen at temperatures of 900 - 1100C. It is also demonstrated that composite Cu/YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ wires can be fabricated by thermophoretic deposition of the particles onto the inner surface of a Cu tube hby sintering/annealing.
Environmental applications (2006)

Until recently, sanitary engineering monopolised environmental-related industrial activities. Because sanitary engineering gradually developed as an off-shoot of civil engineering during the past century, emphasis has been on conventional engineering techniques in which the bio component is largely ignored and dealt with stochastically rather than mechanistically. Sanitary engineering is well established for:
Automation and information management for a large urban power distribution network (2008)

Rapid economic growth mounts immense pressure on the electric power generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure. Matching the rapid growth in a large metropolis poses several techno-economic challenges on utilities in order to operate the power supply distribution network efficiently and reliably. Utilities need to look at innovative ways to utilize the latest developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) to meet the new demands being placed on them. This paper discusses the experiences of Reliance Energy Limited, Indiapsilas largest integrated private sector power utility company, in deploying a large scale integrated SCADA/DMS system which utilizes a state-of-the art SDH communication network, a mobile phone network for secondary network automation and the use of latest technologies for data warehousing and data mining apart from the cutting edge SCADA technology.
Cutting tools and wear protection through nickel bonded niobium carbide (NbC) as a subtitute for cobalt bonded tungsten carbide (WC) (2017)

The research and developments on niobium carbide-based hard materials generated grades, which meet the application line for tungsten carbide and showed already a very high potential for many technical applications, especially for wear protection and machining.
In utero nicotine exposure causes persistent, gender‐dependant changes in locomotor activity and sensitivity to nicotine in C57Bl/6 mice (2004)

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy can result in a wide variety of adverse fetal outcomes, ranging from preterm delivery and low birth weight, to sudden infant death syndrome. In addition, in utero tobacco smoke exposure is associated with delayed or impaired neuropsychological development. Although the causative agent in tobacco smoke that leads to these aberrations is not known, some studies have concluded that nicotine may play an important role. Many studies using animal models of prenatal nicotine exposure have supported the hypothesis that nicotine may directly and/or indirectly cause impairments in fetal and neonatal development. However, in many of the animal studies nicotine has been administered acutely to naive dams, which could lead to significant fetal hypoxia; some routes of drug administration are also very stressful to pregnant dams, and changes in stress hormones could also create an unfavorable fetal environment. In this study, pregnant mice were exposed to chronic nicotine via the drinking solution; locomotor activity and sensitivity to nicotine were evaluated in the offspring. We have previously shown that oral nicotine administration produces behavioral and physiological changes that resemble those seen following other routes of nicotine administration. Although oral nicotine exposure did not significantly alter any aspect of the pregnancy, dams drinking a nicotine-containing solution consumed approximately 20% less volume, compared to saccharin controls. All animals were cross fostered to nicotine naïve lactating dams, immediately after birth. On PN40 and PN60, male mice exposed to in utero nicotine demonstrated significant locomotor hyperactivity in an open filed arena. Although female animals did not show any signs of hyperactivity, they did have a significant attenuation of their hypothermic response to acute nicotine challenge. These results suggest that oral nicotine delivery to pregnant mice causes persistent, gender-dependant changes in behavior and sensitivity to nicotine. This model may be very useful for future studies that try to more accurately define the windows of sensitivity for nicotine exposure and the possible underlying neurochemical mechanisms involved.
Exploiting Rich Telecom Data for Increased Monetization of Telecom Application Stores (2012)

With rapid advancement in the capabilities of mobile phones, there has been a tremendous increase in the development and use of mobile applications in recent times. Surprisingly, Telecom operators have not been prominent players in the success of mobile applications and the corresponding mobile Application Stores. We argue that, to offset this going forward, Telecom operators can utilize some of their core strengths to create differentiated Application Stores that will help them compete effectively with their competitors. More specifically, Telecom operators have access to unique data which is not available elsewhere, this can be used to give new insights on their customers and offer them relevant mobile applications. In this paper, we present techniques on how applications can be promoted effectively from a Telecom Application Store utilizing the users' location, their Telecom profiles as well as their social relationships derived from their calling patterns. Moreover, we provide a bidding platform that gives control to developers for highlighting their application by placing bids on multiple Telecom parameters.
Energy-efficient memcapacitor devices for neuromorphic computing (2021)

Abstract Data-intensive computing operations, such as training neural networks, are essential for applications in artificial intelligence but are energy intensive. One solution is to develop specialized hardware onto which neural networks can be directly mapped, and arrays of memristive devices can, for example, be trained to enable parallel multiply–accumulate operations. Here we show that memcapacitive devices that exploit the principle of charge shielding can offer a highly energy-efficient approach for implementing parallel multiply–accumulate operations. We fabricate a crossbar array of 156 microscale memcapacitor devices and use it to train a neural network that could distinguish the letters ‘M’, ‘P’ and ‘I’. Modelling these arrays suggests that this approach could offer an energy efficiency of 29,600 tera-operations per second per watt, while ensuring high precision (6–8 bits). Simulations also show that the devices could potentially be scaled down to a lateral size of around 45 nm.
A novel stereoselective one-pot conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides mediated by N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (2002)

Alcohols can be converted in high yields to the corresponding alkyl halides in a one-pot procedure via the corresponding O-alkylisourea; very short reaction times are possible when microwave irradiation is used.