gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring of carboxyl-decorated magnetic latex particles using seeded emulsion polymerization (2017)

In this research, submicron and carboxyl-functionalized magnetic latex particles were elaborated by using seeded emulsion polymerization technique in presence of oil-in-water (o/w) magnetic emulsion as seed. The polymerization conditions were optimized in order to get well-defined latex particles with magnetic core and polymer shell bearing carboxylic (–COOH) functionality. Starting from (o/w) magnetic emulsion as seed, synthesis process was performed by copolymerization of styrene (St) monomer with the cross-linker divinylbenzene (DVB) in presence of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA) as a carboxyl-bearing initiator. The prepared magnetic latex particles were first characterized in terms of particle size, chemical composition, morphology, magnetic properties, magnetic content, and colloidal stability using various techniques, e.g. particle size analyzer using dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique, Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta potential measurements as a function of pH of the dispersion media, respectively. The prepared magnetic latex particles were then used as second seed for further functionalization with methacrylic acid (MAA) in order to enhance carboxylic groups on the magnetic particle's surface. The results showed that final magnetic latex particles possessed spherical morphology with core-shell structure and enriched carboxylic acid functionality. More importantly, they exhibited superparamagnetism with high magnetic content (58.42 wt%) and high colloidal stability, which considered as the main requirements for their application in the biomedical diagnostic domains. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas-phase chemical separation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine cations via charge inversion ion/ion chemistry (2015)

The [M + H]+ cations formed upon electrospray ionization of the glycerophospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) show distinct reactivities upon gas-phase reactions with doubly deprotonated 1,4-phenylenedipropionic acid (PDPA). PC cations undergo charge inversion via adduct formation with subsequent methyl cation and proton transfer to the acid to yield [PC - CH3]- anions. These demethylated PC anions fragment upon ion trap collision-induced dissociation (CID) to yield products that reveal fatty acid chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation. PE cations, on the other hand, undergo charge inversion via double proton transfer to the two carboxylate moieties in doubly deprotonated PDPA to yield [PE - H]- anions. These anions also fragment upon ion trap CID to yield product ions indicative of chain lengths and degrees of unsaturation in the fatty acyl moieties. Advantage is taken of this distinct reactivity to separate isomeric and isobaric PC and PE cations present in mass spectra of lipid mixtures. A cation precursor ion population containing a mixture of PE and PC cations is mass-selected and subjected to ion/ion charge inversion reactions that result in separation of PC and PE anions into different mass-to-charge ratios. Mass selection and subsequent ion trap CID of the lipid anions allows for the characterization of the isomeric lipids within each subclass. The charge inversion approach described here is demonstrated to provide increased signal-to-noise ratios for detection of PCs and PEs relative to the standard negative ionization approach as well as improved mixture analysis performance.
Calculations of Avalanche Friction Coefficients from Field Data (1980)

Abstract The friction coefficients needed to solve Voellmy’s avalanche-dynamics equations and as input to the numerical, finite-difference computer program AVALNCH are calculated from case studies. The following coefficients of internal friction v and of surface friction f worked well for program AVALNCH: for midwinter dry snow v = 0.5 to 0.55 m 2 /s and f = 0.5 to 0.55; for hard slab v = 0.7 to 0.8 m 2 /s and f = 0.7 to 0.8; for fresh, soft slab v = 0.4 to 0.5 m 2 /s and f = 0.4 to 0.5. The program predicted run-out distance well for a variety of conditions but performed less well in cases of sharp, adverse grade in the run-out zone. For the Voellmy approach, large design-size avalanches required turbulent friction coefficients ξ of 1200 to 1600 m/s 2 and kinetic friction coefficients of 0.15. Two hard-slab avalanches, a slow-moving,wet-slab avalanche, and a soft-slab avalanche that ran through scattered mature timber required ξ of 700 to800 m/s 2 and μ of 5/V when V is velocity in m/s. The coefficient of sliding friction for a hard-slab avalanchethat encountered damp snow in the run-out zone was computed directly from movies to be 0.35, 0.43, and 0.32 for three measured sections of the run-out zone.
Novel biomass gasification method with high efficiency: catalytic gasification at low temperature (2002)

The gasification of biomass (wood powder) has been found to proceed completely by the combination of an excellent catalyst (Rh/CeO2/SiO2) with a fluidized bed reactor at 823–973 K. This temperature range is much lower than conventional gasification methods (973–1073 K for catalytic and 1073-1223 K for non-catalytic). The commercial steam reforming catalyst G-91 and dolomite have also been used in this investigation. At 873 K, the carbon conversion on Rh/CeO2/SiO2(60), G-91 and dolomite and in the non-catalyzed gasification is 95, 75, 63 and 44%, respectively. Above 873 K, no tar was formed on Rh/CeO2/SiO2(60), however, a small amount of char (1–5% C-based) was formed. Therefore, the catalyst activity is quite stable during the reaction. Comparison among the catalysts with respect to the carbon conversion and gas, tar and char formation, shows that this novel catalyst exhibited high efficiency.
Fifteenth Biannual Report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group--Focus on Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2013)

This fifteenth biannual report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group (CHMG) highlights recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the field of hemato-oncology, covering the publication period from October 2011 to May 2012. Implications for clinical practice and methodological aspects are the main principles for selecting trials for this report. Studies were identified by electronic search of MEDLINE using a broad search filter that covers all topics in hemato-oncology combined with a highly sensitive search filter for randomized trials (Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions).
Complementary Molecular Dynamics and X-ray Reflectivity Study of an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid at a Neutral Sapphire Interface (2015)

Understanding the molecular-level behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) at IL-solid interfaces is of fundamental importance with respect to their application in, for example, electrochemical systems and electronic devices. Using a model system, consisting of an imidazolium-based IL ([C2Mim][NTf2]) in contact with a sapphire substrate, we have approached this problem using a complementary combination of high-resolution X-ray reflectivity measurements and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our strategy enabled us to compare experimental and theoretically calculated reflectivities in a direct manner, thereby critically assessing the applicability of several force-field variants. On the other hand, using the best-matching MD description, we are able to describe the nature of the model IL-solid interface in appreciable detail. More specifically, we find that characteristic interactions between the surface hydroxyl groups and donor and acceptor sites on the IL constituents have a dominant role in inducing a multidimensional layering profile of the cations and anions.
Room-temperature optically-pumped GaSb quantum well based VCSEL monolithically grown on Si (100) substrate (2006)

Monolithic vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) on Si are demonstrated. The GaSb multi-quantum well active region embedded in an Al(Ga)Sb half-wave cavity spacer layer enables lasing under room-temperature optically-pumped conditions. The 13% lattice mismatch is accommodated by a spontaneously formed 2-D array of 90° misfit dislocations at the AlSb/Si interface. This growth mode produces very low defect density (∼8×105/cm2) and relaxed materials growth (98%) without the use of a buffer layer. Presented are VCSEL lasing spectra, light-in against light-out curves along with defect density measurements performed by microscopy and etch-pit density. A threshold excitation density of Ith=0.1 mJ/cm2 and a multimode lasing spectrum peaked at 1.62 µm, results from a 3 mm pump-spot size.
Topological Transformation of π‐Conjugated Molecules Reduces Resistance to Crystallization (2017)

Two electronically delocalized molecules were designed as models to understand how molecular shape impacts the tradeoff between solubility and crystallization tendencies in molecular semiconductors. The more soluble compound TT contains a non-planar bithiophene central fragment, whereas CT has a planar cyclopentadithiophene unit. Calorimetry studies show that CT can crystallize more easily than TT. However, absorption spectroscopy shows that the initially amorphous TT film can eventually form crystals in which the molecular shape is significantly more planar. Two thermally reversible polymorphs for TT were observed by XRD and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. These findings are relevant within the context of designing soft semiconductors that exhibit high solubility and a tendency to provide stable organized structures with desirable electronic properties.
Monopolies in the information society—when interests collide (2003)

With the onset of the information age, the concept of monopoly has changed. Do large IT conglomerates have the power to override traditional market mechanisms that were once seen as a guarantee of continued competition? For example, is it possible to hold a company that dominates both the market for operating systems and the market for the application software that runs on them sufficiently to account? Might companies that control the flow of information be tempted to influence the information itself? Waseda University professor Mitsuru Iwamura examines the traditional economic models of monopoly and discusses their applicability to information and IT products. Comparing the monopolies of the industrial age with those of the present, the author concludes that it would be dangerous to give undue weight to the demands of those who already control information resources while neglecting the rights of those who have yet to enter the market.
Abstract B70: Conexic: A Bayesian framework to detect drivers and their function uncovers an endosomal signature in melanoma (2009)

Abstract Genomics is revolutionizing our understanding of cancer biology. Tumor samples assayed for comprehensive chromosomal and gene expression data are accumulating at a staggering rate. A major challenge involves the development of analysis methods to uncover biological insights from these data, including the identification of the key mutations that drive cancer and how these events alter cellular regulation. We have developed Conexic, a novel computational framework to integrate chromosomal copy number and gene expression data to detect genetic alterations in tumors that drive proliferation, and to model how these alterations perturb normal cell growth/survival. The underlying assumption to our approach is that significantly recurring copy number change, coinciding with its ability to predict the expression patterns varying across tumors, strengthens the evidence of a gene's causative role in cancer. This method not only pinpoints specific regulators within an a large region of copy number variation, but can shed light on the way in which gene regulation is altered We applyed our Conexic framework to a melanoma dataset (Lin et al, Cancer Research, 2007) comprising 65 paired measurements of gene expression and copy number, with interesting results. Our analysis correctly identified many known ‘driver’ events, while also connecting these to many of their known targets (e.g. MITF). Our global integrative analysis reveals insight into how the drivers alter transcriptional programs. An interesting recurring characteristic is that there are a number of different ways by which drivers can be altered; e.g., the expression of a driver may be altered through copy number variation or other mechanisms, but its influence downstream remains the same. In addition to confirming the role of known drivers in melanoma, our analysis suggests a number of novel drivers. Most strikingly, these point to a major role in regulation of protein trafficking and endosome biology in this malignancy. These results have linked endosomal processing and sorting to adhesion and survival. Preliminary experimental validation supports three novel drivers including TBC1D16, RAB7A and RAB27A. Together, these results affirm the potential of Conexic to elaborate novel driver modules with biological and possibly therapeutic importance in melanoma and other cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B70.
One Year Submillisecond Fast Solar Database: Collection, Investigation, and Application (2019)

Big data is driving future renewable energy research and, in particular, has implications for fast dynamic control of power electronics. This paper discusses the collection of a full year of rooftop 5 kHz solar data. The database includes open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and maximum power information. Data reduction involved remapping of missing intervals, correction of unsynchronized metering, and regularization to go from more than eighteen months of raw data to a consistent full-year database. The results are made available at the full sampling rate. Data analysis shows how much downsampling can be employed without loss of useful information about variability. The downsampled databases are also made available. Given prior work that typically limits sampling rates to 1 Hz or takes fast samples over short intervals, the databases provided here support much more comprehensive examination of photovoltaic energy variability.
ChemInform Abstract: Precursor‐Directed Biosynthesis of Polyketide and Nonribosomal Peptide Natural Products (2013)

Abstract Review: 60 refs.
Segment Routing IPv6 Prefix-SID (2016)

This document defines the Segment Routing IPv6-Prefix-SID sub-TLV.
This new sub-TLV allows to specify which of the prefixes advertised by
a node are to be used as Segment Routing Identifiers (SID) for the
IPv6 data plane.
Programmable Modified Fractional Comb Decimation Filter (2002)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Toulouse, France, 2002
Hepatitis B e antigen loss in adults and children with chronic hepatitis B living in North America: A prospective cohort study (2021)

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is a soluble viral protein in plasma of patients with hepatitis B virus infection. HBeAg loss is an important first stage of viral antigen clearance. We determined the rate and predictors of HBeAg loss in a North American cohort with chronic hepatitis B viral infection (CHB). Among children and adults with CHB and without HIV, HCV or HDV co-infection enrolled in the Hepatitis B Research Network prospective cohort studies, 819 were HBeAg positive at their first assessment (treatment naïve or >24 weeks since treatment). Of these, 577 (200 children, 377 adults) were followed every 24-48 weeks. HBeAg loss was defined as first HBeAg-negative value; sustained HBeAg loss was defined as ≥2 consecutive HBeAg-negative values ≥24 weeks apart. During a median follow-up of 1.8 years, 164 participants experienced HBeAg loss, a rate of 11.4 (95% CI, 9.8-13.3) per 100 person-years. After adjustment for confounders, HBeAg loss rate was significantly higher in males than females, in older than younger individuals, in Whites or Blacks than Asians, in those with genotype A2 or B versus C, and in those with basal core promoter/pre-core mutations versus wild type. Additionally, during follow-up, an ALT flare and a lower quantitative HBsAg, quantitative HBeAg or HBV DNA level predicted higher rates of HBeAg loss. The majority (88%) with HBeAg loss had sustained HBeAg loss. In conclusion, a number of specific demographic, clinical and viral characteristics impacted rate of HBeAg loss and may prove useful in design and interpretation of future therapeutic studies.
Searching Visual Semantic Spaces with Concept Filters (2007)

Semantic concepts cement the ability to correlate visual information to higher-level semantic concepts. Traditional image search leverages text associated with images, a low-level content-based matching, or a combination of the two. We propose a new system that uses 374 semantic concepts (derived from the LSCOM lexicon (L. Kennedy, 2006)) to semantically facilitate fast exploration of a large set of video data. This new system, when coupled with traditional image search techniques produces a very intuitive and fruitful design for targeted user interaction.
Characterization of Porous BEOL Dielectrics for Resistive Switching (2016)

Porous back-end dielectric materials with porosity ranging from 8% to 25% have been characterized in terms of their resistive switching behavior. The porous dielectric is sandwiched between Cu and W or Pt electrodes. Some metal-insulator-metal structures have a 2 nm SiCN diffusion barrier at either electrode or at both electrodes. 90% of samples are intrinsically conductive due to strong Cu doping of the dielectric. About 10% of the samples display resistive switching behavior, of which devices with two SiCN barriers can be switched repeatedly, demonstrating that resistive switching in porous dielectrics is feasible. The forming voltage of the filaments increases with increasing porosity of the dielectric. Depending on the voltage polarity, Cu and oxygen vacancy conductive filaments can be formed. The properties of resistive switching established in this work provide a solid basis for further improvement of ReRAM devices based on porous dielectrics compatible with CMOS backend.
Abstract C296: The contribution of LKB1/STK11-mediated CXCL8 dysregulation to lung carcinogenesis. (2013)

Abstract LKB1/STK11 is a tumor suppressor gene that was originally identified in an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS). Patients with PJS develop an overgrowth of differentiated tissues in the gastrointestinal tract with 100% penetration and demonstrate an increased predisposition toward a number of additional malignancies, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic and lung cancers. Loss-of-function in LKB1/STK11 characterizes up to 20-30% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). In a murine model of lung carcinogenesis with inducible Kras activation and biallelic deletion of LKB1(KrasG12D Lkb1-/-), loss of LKB1 yielded a high frequency of NSCLC tumors and metastasis. However, few mechanisms have been proposed to explain how LKB1 loss contributes to pulmonary tumorigenesis, especially during early stage of tumor development. In this study, we use human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) that were immortalized in the absence of viral onco-proteins and therefore represent an accurate model for studying early events during lung carcinogenesis. We knocked down LKB1 expression in HBECs (LKB1-KD HBECs) and observed numerous cancer-associated characteristics, including preference for glycolytic metabolism and induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition. Intriguingly, we also found dysregulation of several inflammatory factors in addition to these anticipated phenotypes. We have focused on the pro-angiogenic chemokine CXCL8, which is also associated with chemotaxis, tumorigenicity and metastasis via binding to its membrane receptors CXCR1/2. Knockdown of LKB1 leads to transcriptional upregulation and significantly elevated secretion of CXCL8, while re-introduction of wild type LKB1 decreases CXCL8 production in LKB1-null NSCLC tumor cell lines. Interestingly, the phosphorylation levels of GSK3β and β-catenin (S552) are elevated in LKB1-KD HBECs, and a TCF/β-catenin binding inhibitor abolishes the induction of CXCL8 upon LKB1 loss. This suggests that the WNT pathway may mediate these effects. Together, these findings suggest that loss of LKB1 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis through a CXCL8 mediated-pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Therefore, blocking CXCL8 function via neutralizing peptide or receptor antagonist may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC prevention and treatment.These studies were supported by the DOD #LC120407 (SMD, DS, TCW), China Scholarship Council (CSC) #2010632164 (RL) and NCI SPORE P50CA70907 (JDM,JEL). Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C296. Citation Format: Rui Li, Tonya C. Walser, Kostyantyn Krysan, David Shackelford, Jill E. Larsen, John D. Minna, Steven M. Dubinett. The contribution of LKB1/STK11-mediated CXCL8 dysregulation to lung carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C296.
Biological Evaluation of Bishydroxymethyl-Substituted Cage Dimeric 1,4-Dihydropyridines as a Novel Class of P-Glycoprotein Modulating Agents in Cancer Cells (2006)

A series of N-substituted cage dimeric 1,4-dihydropyridines 3a-e was evaluated as inhibitors of membrane efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in multidrug resistant (mdr) cancer cells. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and cytotoxic properties are discussed. Effective concentrations for overcoming mdr have been demonstrated in competition studies with the P-gp substrate epirubicin.
Tables of Glycosidase Inhibitors with Nitrogen in the Sugar Ring and Their Inhibitory Activities: Section 3.2.1–3.2.5.1 (1998)

This appendix contains sections titled: 3.2 Six-Membered Rings, C6 3.2.1 allo-, altro-Configurations 3.2.2 D-galacto-Configuration 3.2.3 L-fuco-, L-galacto-Configurations 3.2.4 GlucNAc-Mimics 3.2.5 1-Deoxynojirimycin and Analogs 3.2.5.1 N-Modified
Design of sustainable complex industrial port areas, based on the combination of sub-solutions, illustrated with a case (2010)

Design engineers working in design and planning of urban and industrial areas are confronted more and more frequently with complex solution spaces, filled with hundreds of alternative combinations of possible sub-solutions supplied by a host of specialists. As a result of this, their quest for the optimum design tends increasingly to run aground in too many options, too many opinions and too many alternatives. This paper sets out an approach for decision-based design by means of the combination of sub-solutions. Ideas from management theory and operations research, and mathematical models which make these ideas operational, can aid in bringing the design and planning process to a successful conclusion. The focus is on a collaborative approach to design and urban planning, and project management. While the design objects are modeled in computer models, the decisionmaking process is modeled in the interactions of the stakeholders with the tools and each other.
Investigation of magneto-dielectric thin films as substrate for patch antennas (2009)

International audience