gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of BolA abundance mediates morphogenesis in Fremyella diplosiphon (2015)

Filamentous cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon is known to alter its pigmentation and morphology during complementary chromatic acclimation (CCA) to efficiently harvest available radiant energy for photosynthesis. F. diplosiphon cells are rectangular and filaments are longer under green light (GL), whereas smaller, spherical cells and short filaments are prevalent under red light (RL). Light regulation of bolA morphogene expression is correlated with photoregulation of cellular morphology in F. diplosiphon. Here, we investigate a role for quantitative regulation of cellular BolA protein levels in morphology determination. Overexpression of bolA in WT was associated with induction of RL-characteristic spherical morphology even when cultures were grown under GL. Overexpression of bolA in a ΔrcaE background, which lacks cyanobacteriochrome photosensor RcaE and accumulates lower levels of BolA than WT, partially reverted the cellular morphology of the strain to a WT-like state. Overexpression of BolA in WT and ΔrcaE backgrounds was associated with decreased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and an increase in filament length under both GL and RL. Morphological defects and high ROS levels commonly observed in ΔrcaE could, thus, be in part due to low accumulation of BolA. Together, these findings support an emerging model for RcaE-dependent photoregulation of BolA in controlling the cellular morphology of F. diplosiphon during CCA.
Corrosion of the Cu/Al interface in Cu-Wire-bonded integrated circuits (2013)

A model for corrosion induced failure in wire bond devices made with either Cu or Au wire was developed. The model is based on detailed analysis of the chemical composition, crystallography, and micro structure of the corrosion induced failure sites. The detailed analysis was enabled by both a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with the appropriate analytical detectors. The combined characterization results were used to develop a detailed failure mechanism model which explains not only the overall chemical reactions but also the resultant two phase microstructures of the corrosion product observed in both metal systems. In addition the model helps to explain why Cu wire bonded devices are more susceptible to corrosion than Au wire bonded devices. In both systems corrosion occurs in the IMC not the end components pure metals. It is proposed this is due to the oxide on the surface of the IMCs being less resistant to pitting corrosion than that for Al. Once IMC passivity is broken down, corrosion of the IMC proceeds via selective oxidation of Al. This leads to the formation of a corroded region which is composed of a two phase microstructure, crystalline γ-Al2O3 with embedded crystalline Au and Cu metal particles. The resulting oxidized interface is highly susceptible to fracture, which is the ultimate reason for device failure. Although similar there are differences in the Cu/Al and Au/Al systems. There is a notable difference in the size and distribution of Cu particles in the aluminum oxide corrosion product of the Cu-Al system as compared to the Au particles in the aluminum oxide corrosion product of the Au-Al system. In particular, the Cu particles appear to be more uniformly distributed as compared to their Au counterparts. This difference is likely related to the crystal structure of the IMC from which the corrosion product was formed. It is proposed that this difference is related to the presence and probability of Al to Al bonding in the IMC phase/s. Furthermore, the IMC structures are also suspected to be responsible for the better immunity to contamination (specifically Halide) induced corrosion of Au relative to Cu.
Exploring Threshold-based Policies for Load Sharing (2018)

We consider the problem of how to design resource allocation policies that both provide good performance at predicted environmental conditions and are robust against changes or misprediction of the environmental conditions. We evaluate various common threshold-based allocation policies within a simple model, where there is a clear tradeoff between the (conflicting) goals of good performance and robustness. We then propose and evaluate a new threshold-based policy, ADT (adaptive dual thresholds), that achieves both the desired goals.
Water Challenges and Solutions on a Global Scale (2015)

Even though Earth is a water planet, we have a very limited quantity of fresh water available to us. Increasing human population, lifestyle and activities not only place high demand on the amount of usable water, but also diminish the quality of water. This chapter discusses water availability, quality, remediation, and sustainability. It also provides a broad overview of global water challenges and solutions. The solutions may be applicable in both developing and developed countries.
Perovskite Color Detectors: Approaching the Efficiency Limit (2020)

Color image sensing by a smartphone or digital camera employs sensor elements with an array of color filters for capturing basic blue, green, and red color information. However, the normalized optical efficiency of such color filter-based sensor elements is limited to only one-third. Optical detectors based on perovskites are described, which can overcome this limitation. An efficient color sensor design has been proposed in this study that uses a vertically stacked arrangement of perovskite diodes. As compared to the conventional color filter-based sensors, the proposed sensor structure can potentially reach normalized optical efficiency approaching 100%. In addition, the proposed sensor design does not exhibit color aliasing or color Moiré effects, which is one of the main limitations for the filter-based sensors. Furthermore, up to our knowledge, for the first time, it could be theoretically shown that both vertically arranged sensor and conventional color filter-based sensor provide almost comparable color errors. The optical properties of the perovskite materials are determined by optical measurements in combination with an energy shift model. The optics of the stacked perovskite sensors is investigated by threedimensional finite-difference timedomain simulations. Finally, colorimetric characterization was carried out to determine the color error of the sensors.
Comparisons Of Anthropometric And Fitness Evaluations To Skill Level In Collegiate Dancers (2022)

Collegiate dancers are oftentimes critiqued by their body composition and visual appearance. Having a lean physique and strong physical fitness is expected within the dance industry. To date, no studies have been conducted on the effects physical fitness has on the skill of a collegiate dancer in Pom, Hip-Hop, and Cheer routines. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between a dancer’s fitness and their execution of technical dance skills throughout various routines. METHODS: Collegiate dancers (N = 13) completed nineteen anthropometric and fitness evaluations (mean ± SD). The tests were height (1.64 ± 0.05 m), weight (59.09 ± 6.00 kg), body mass index (22.4 ± 1.73 kg/m²), percent body fat (27.27 ± 6.37 %), skeletal muscle mass (23.45 ± 2.79 kg), body fat mass (16.24 ± 4.64 kg), waist circumference (67.92 ± 3.63 cm), hip circumference (89.48 ± 15.39 cm), left and right leg length (88.7 ± 4.81 cm; 87.9 ± 4.64 cm), sit and reach (45.8 ± 4.05 cm), external hip rotation for left and right leg (27.6 ± 9.51 cm; 27.7 ± 11.05 cm), hip abduction for left and right leg (47.6 ± 8.89 cm; 48.2 ± 9.2 cm), Star Excursion Test for left and right leg (30.25 ± 2.11 cm; 30.43 ± 2.21 cm) Functional Movement Screen (19.15 ± 1.63), vertical jump (39.95 ± 7.01 cm), grip strength for left and right hand (22.77 ± 5.47 kg; 23.69 ± 3.59 kg), passe releve for left and right leg (3.33 ± 2.54 sec; 3.47 ± 3.62 sec), Wingate (636.77 ± 99.87 W), push-ups (34.15 ± 8.18), and sit-ups (40.77 ± 8.86). Once anthropometric and fitness evaluations were completed, participants were scored from different judges on three routines; Pom, Hip-Hop, and Cheer. RESULTS: Through further evaluation of the Star Excursion Test, the anterolateral movement negatively correlated with scores for Pom, Hip-Hop, and Cheer routines. No other relationships were observed between any other variables. CONCLUSIONS: A negative correlation between the anterolateral movement of ankle stability and the various routines suggests dancers with less anterolateral stability score higher than those with more anterolateral ankle stability. Although a decrease in ankle stability has been linked to injury, this study suggests that an increase in ankle stability may lead to lower dance scores.
Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Enriched for Neural and Glial Progenitors. (2004)

Abstract Human bone marrow stroma is the primary source for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a mixture of multipotent progenitors that differentiate into fibrous, cartilage, adipose, bone and reticular tissue cells. Recent reports suggest that human umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a feasible source for MSCs. In this study, we examined whether MSCs from umbilical cord blood contain progenitors that differentiate into cells of neural and glial lineages. UCB mononuclear cell fraction was cultured in Iscove’s MDM culture medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and L-glutamine. After 2 weeks in culture, adherent cells formed colony forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F)-like colonies. When adherent cells reached 70% confluency, they were further subcultured in the same medium for three more weeks before replacing IMDM with neurogenic differentiation medium. Cord blood MSCs were devoid of hematopoietic activity since they failed to produce CFU-GM, CFU-E, or CFU-GEMM hematopoietic colonies when cultured in methyl cellulose medium supplemented with the appropriate hematopoietic growth factors. Flow cytometric analysis showed a population of cells devoid of hematopoietic phenotype (CD34−, CD45−, CD38−, CD3−, CD19−). After 7 days incubation in serum free supplemented Neurobasal™ medium, cultured cord blood MSCs expressed neuron cell surface antigen A2B5, neurofilament polypeptide NF200, oligodendrocyte marker 04, and intermediate filament proteins, nestin and vimentin. Strong immunoreactivity was observed with astrocyte marker GFAP. A proportion of cultured MSCs developed into neuron-like cells that were positive for TUJ-1 neural progenitor marker. These results indicate that human UCB-derived MSCs are enriched for neuro-glial progenitors, and could be further developed for the treatment of stroke, spinal cord injury, and neurodegenerative diseases such as like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Multiple Sclerosis.
A Knowledge Acquisition Method for Improving Data Quality in Services Engagements (2010)

Poor Data Quality is a serious problem affecting enterprises. Enterprise databases are large and manual data cleansing is not feasible. For such large databases it is logical to attempt to cleanse the data in an automated way. This has led to the development of commercial tools for automatic cleansing. However, offering data cleansing as a service has been a challenge because of the need to customize the tool for different datasets. This is because current commercial systems lack the ability to incorporate the unique exceptions of different data sources. This makes the migration of underlying data cleansing algorithms from one dataset to another difficult. In this paper we specifically look at the address standardization task. We use Ripple Down Rules (RDR) framework to lower the manual effort required in rewriting the rules from one source to another. The RDR framework allows us to incrementally patch the existing rules or add exceptions without breaking other rules. We compare the RDR approach with a conditional random field (CRF) address standardization system and an existing commercially available data cleansing tool. We demonstrate that RDR is an effective knowledge acquisition method and that its adoption for data cleansing can allow data cleansing to be offered as a service.
Realizing services and slices across multiple operator domains (2018)

Supporting end-to-end network slices and services across operators has become an important use case of study for 5G networks as can be seen by 5G use cases published in 3GPP, ETSI as well as NGMN. This paper presents the in-depth architecture, implementation and experiment on a multi­domain orchestration framework that is able to deploy such multi-operator service as well as monitor the service for SLA compliance. Our implemented architecture allows operators to abstract their sensitive details while exposing the relevant amount of information to support inter-operator slice creation. Our experiment shows that the implemented framework is capable of creating services across operators while fulfilling the respective service requirements.
Linear Viscoelastic and Uniaxial Extensional Rheology of Alkali Metal Neutralized Sulfonated Oligostyrene Ionomer Melts (2011)

The linear viscoelastic and nonlinear extensional behavior of melts of alkali metal salts of oligomeric sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) ionomers were characterized by dynamic shear and nonlinear, uniaxial extensional flow experiments. The oligomeric SPS had a weight-average molecular weight of 4000 g/mol, a polydispersity index of 1.06, and a degree of sulfonation of 6.5 mol %. The molecular weight was below the entanglement molecular weight of PS, so all rheological effects were due to association of the ionic dipoles and nanophase separation of the ionic species that provides a transient elastic network. The SPS salts exhibited linear viscoelastic properties similar to well-entangled polystyrene (PS) melts, with a distinct rubbery region that had a shear modulus comparable to that of high molecular weight PS. Time–temperature superposition failed as a consequence of overlapping relaxations for the terminal response of the chain and ion hopping of the ionic dipoles. Unlike entangled PS melts, the modulus of the ionomer increased with increasing extensional strain rate, and a maximum in the stress occurred at a relatively low Hencky strain that was nearly independent of strain rate. The maximum in the stress during stretching was attributed to a catastrophic failure of the physical ionic network. At sufficiently high stress, the chains can pull the ionic groups out of nanophase-separated ionic domains, which significantly disrupts the network microstructure.
Multiplexed fluorescence detection of phosphorylation, glycosylation, and total protein in the proteomic analysis of breast cancer refractoriness (2004)

The Multiplexed Proteomics (MP) technology is a new approach that permits quantitative, multicolor fluorescence detection of proteins in one-dimensional or two-dimensional gels. This methodology allows for multiplexed identification and differential analysis of phosphoproteins, glycoproteins, and total proteins within a single gel electrophoresis experiment. Here the MP system was applied to the differential proteomic analysis of pregnancy-induced refractoriness to breast cancer using a rat model system. Differential analyses identified multiple proteins with altered phosphorylation, glycosylation, or protein expression patterns.
Weatherability of conventional and nanocomposites of LDPE and Zinc Oxide (2015)

LDPE thermoplastic composites prepared using 1–4 wt% of conventional filler‐grade ZnO and nanoscale ZnO were investigated to determine whether the presence of either grade of filler affected the weatherability of the composite material. Outdoor exposure (natural weathering) studies and accelerated weathering was performed and tensile properties were used to assess the weather‐induced damage. Weatherability under outdoor exposure and under laboratory‐ accelerated conditions, primarily quantified using tensile properties, were found to be the same for composites with conventional and nanoscale ZnO filler. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:341–348, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Large-Scale Supervised Learning For 3D Point Cloud Labeling: Semantic3d.Net (2018)

In this paper we review current state-of-the-art in 3D point cloud classification, present a new 3D point cloud classification benchmark data set of single scans with over four billion manually labeled points, and discuss first available results on the benchmark. Much of the stunning recent progress in 2D image interpretation can be attributed to the availability of large amounts of training data, which have enabled the (supervised) learning of deep neural networks. With the data set presented in this paper, we aim to boost the performance of &lt;small&gt;CNNs&lt;/small&gt; also for 3D point cloud labeling. Our hope is that this will lead to a breakthrough of deep learning also for 3D (geo-) data. The semantic3D.net data set consists of dense point clouds acquired with static terrestrial laser scanners. It contains eight semantic classes and covers a wide range of urban outdoor scenes, including churches, streets, railroad tracks, squares, villages, soccer fields, and castles. We describe our labeling interface and show that, compared to those already available to the research community, our data set provides denser and more complete point clouds, with a much higher overall number of labeled points. We further provide descriptions of baseline methods and of the first independent submissions, which are indeed based on &lt;small&gt;CNNs&lt;/small&gt;, and already show remarkable improvements over prior art. We hope that semantic3D.net will pave the way for deep learning in 3D point cloud analysis, and for 3D representation learning in general.
460: DEVELOPMENT OF AI-BASED MODELS FOR PREDICTING LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS (2021)

Pessach, Itai; Kirk, David; Chen, Ofer; Lipsky, Ari; Lieder, Iris; Celniker, Gershon; Lilly, Craig; Cucchi, Eric; Blum, James Author Information
On the adsorption of surfactants on non-sulphide minerals (2007)

This work is concerned with basic studies on the flotative separation of three minerals: apatite, hornblende, and magnetite. Two anionic surfactants that differed in the solubility of their calcium salts were chosen as collectors (oleate and alkylsulphosuccinate). The flotation behavior of the minerals was characterized by determing adsorption isotherms and zeta-potentials, and by carrying out microflotation tests. It was shown that both collectors are adsorbed on all mineral surfaces, but at different equilibrium concentrations. As the concentration range of the onset of adsorption on apatite is lower than that on hornblende and magnetite, apatite can be separated from a mineral mixture or a respective ore. Calcium ions are often present in the flotation pulp and influence the adsorption behavior of the collectors. Due to the slight solubility of the calcium-containing minerals, apatite and hornblende, precipitation of calcium oelate occurs, as well as adsorption of oleate when a certain concentration is reached. Higher calcium ion concentrations induce more precipitation and make oleate less effective as a collector. Because of the higher solubility of the calcium alkylsulphosuccinate, precipitation does not occur in the considered concentration range. In contrast to oleate, the adsorption of alkylsulphsuccinate is shifted to lower equilibrium concentrations by calcium ions adsorbed on the mineral surface. This makes alkylsulphosuccinate a more effective collector in water with high calcium ion concentrations. The sequence of adsorption and hence, of flotation is not influenced by calcium ions, i.e., apatite, but not hornblende, can be separated from magnetitde.
Expansion of activated T-lymphocytes in patients treated with recombinant interleukin 2. (1987)

Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL 2, Cetus) was administered in escalating doses to 30 patients with advanced malignancy, including 14 patients with the epidemic form of Kaposi's sarcoma, in 2 week treatment cycles as a 6 h i.v. infusion for 10 doses. The maximum tolerated dose was 2 X 10(6) U/m2, with dose-limiting toxicity consisting of fever, diarrhea, and thrombocytopenia. At a well-tolerated dose of 1 X 10(6) U/m2, serum levels of rIL 2 of 30 U/ml were maintained for the duration of the infusion. Such concentrations sustain IL 2-dependent T cell growth in vitro. We observed a significant lymphocytosis in patients receiving 1 X 10(6) U/m2 of rIL 2 following 2 weeks of treatment (p = 0.0035). The expanded T cell pool was polyclonal, as demonstrated by increases in both T4+ and T8+ T cell subsets, and activated, with statistically significant increases in IL 2 receptor (p = 0.043), in the absence of transferrin receptor induction. Proliferating cells were not detected in peripheral blood using flow cytometry. Except for alpha-interferon, no other lymphokines (beta- and gamma-interferon, tumor necrosis factor) were present in serum during treatment. Reversible rises in anti-rIL 2 IgG antibodies occurred, as measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No changes were observed in the T cell mitogenic response to OKT3 and phytohemagglutinin, and no enhancement of cytotoxicity against natural killer-sensitive and resistant targets developed as a consequence of treatment. Except for a partial response in a patient with a myelodysplastic syndrome, no antitumor activity was observed. The in vivo expansion of T cells with the capacity to respond to rIL 2 with enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor targets provides impetus to ongoing trials exploring different routes and schedules of administration of rIL 2.
Molecular markers of the mTOR pathway activation in human tumors: A baseline analysis (2004)

9524 Background: Activation of the PI3-K/Akt/mTOR signal transduction pathway contributes to the development and progression of tumors by prevention of apoptosis and deregulation of the cell cycle. Dissecting the molecular events of this pathway may provide instrumental knowledge with implications for the development of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors and multi-signalling inhibitory strategies. Methods: We have analysed 121 paraffin-embedded human malignant tumors: 25 gastric, 25 colon, 23 breast, 19 prostate, 19 glioblastoma and 10 pancreas, with a complete immunohistochemistry profile including multiple phosphorylated (p) downstream proteins: pAkt, p4EBP1, pp70S6K and pS6K. The levels of expression were evaluated as percentage and intensity of stained cells (Hscore). Results: Globally, there was a significant correlation between the levels of pAkt, p4EBP1, pp70S6K and pS6K (Spearman's test, p<0.001). pAkt expression was consistently high in all tumor types whereas the downstream effectors presented higher expression in pancreatic, breast, prostatic and glioblastoma than in gastric and colon tumors (table). pAkt and downstream effectors were mainly detected in the infiltrating edge of the tumor. Interestingly, pAkt and downstream effectors where highly expressed in the poor-differentiated areas of the tumor whereas in the well-differentiated areas only pAkt was highly expressed. Conclusions: Detection of p molecules of the Akt/mTOR pathway is feasible in a variety of tumor types. As new agents targeting the PI3-K/Akt/mTOR pathway are entering in the clinic, our findings suggest that the level of in vivo activation of these downstream proteins could be used to establish correlations with response. Pharmacodynamic studies aimed to determine the degree of inhibition of this pathway in the tumor might be relevant to establish the optimal biological dose of these compounds. No significant financial relationships to disclose.