gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uplink Access Schemes for LTE-Advanced (2009)

The 3GPP LTE-Advanced has been attracting much attention recently, where the channel bandwidth would be beyond the maximum bandwidth of LTE, 20MHz. In LTE, single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) was accepted as the uplink access scheme due to its advantage of very low cubic metric (CM). For LTE-A wideband transmission, multicarrier access would be more effective than single carrier access to make use of multi-user diversity and can maintain the physical channel structure of LTE, where the control information is transmitted on the edges of each 20MHz. In this paper, we discuss the access schemes in bandwidth under 20MHz as well as over 20MHz. In the case of bandwidth under 20MHz, we propose the access schemes allowing discontinuous resource allocation to enhance average throughput while maintaining cell-edge user throughput, that is, DFT-spread-OFDM with spectrum division control (SDC) and adaptive selection of SC-FDMA and OFDM (SC+OFDM). The number of discontinuous spectrums is denoted as spectrum division (SD). For DFT-S-OFDM, we define a parameter max SD as the upper limit of SD. We evaluate our proposed schemes in bandwidth under 20MHz and find that SC+OFDM as well as SDC with common max SD or UE-specific max SD can improve average throughput while their cell-edge user throughput can approach that of SC-FDMA. In the case of bandwidth over 20MHz, we consider key factors to decide a feasible access scheme for aggregating several 20MHz-wide bands.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (2S,4S,5S)‐Dihydroxypipecolic Acid and Bulgecinine ((2S,4S,5R)‐4‐Hydroxy‐5‐(hydroxymethyl)proline) from D‐Glucuronolactone; a Strategy for the Synthesis of (2S,4S)‐4‐Hydroxy‐α‐amino Acids. (1987)

Abstract The compound (I), easily available from D‐glucuronolactone, is transformed to the diol (II).
Relativistic Effects for Time‐Resolved Light Transport (2015)

Abstract We present a real‐time framework which allows interactive visualization of relativistic effects for time‐resolved light transport. We leverage data from two different sources: real‐world data acquired with an effective exposure time of less than 2 picoseconds, using an ultra‐fast imaging technique termed femto‐photography , and a transient renderer based on ray‐tracing. We explore the effects of time dilation, light aberration, frequency shift and radiance accumulation by modifying existing models of these relativistic effects to take into account the time‐resolved nature of light propagation. Unlike previous works, we do not impose limiting constraints in the visualization, allowing the virtual camera to explore freely a reconstructed 3D scene depicting dynamic illumination. Moreover, we consider not only linear motion, but also acceleration and rotation of the camera. We further introduce, for the first time, a pinhole camera model into our relativistic rendering framework, and account for subsequent changes in focal length and field of view as the camera moves through the scene.
Codoped Lithium Sodium Iodide With Tl+ and Eu2+ Activators for Neutron Detector (2019)

Investigations of high-efficiency neutron-sensitive scintillators are very important for a wide variety of applications including special nuclear material detection, fundamental research, radiation safety, and industrial monitoring, among others. Responding to this need, we have been studying the LixNa(1-x)I (conventionally called LNI) crystal system, using enriched <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Li because of its high neutron cross section. We have successfully grown single crystals of LNI with x values in the range of 4%-20%, by the vertical Bridgman technique. Sodium iodide (NaI) and lithium iodide (LiI) have the same rock salt crystal structure capable of forming a monolithic solid solution over the entire concentration range. These LNI crystals are codoped with a few mol percent of Tl <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> and Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> activator to achieve the desired scintillation properties. X-ray excited luminescence spectra of LNI crystals show nearly identical main emission peaks around 440 nm independent of Li concentration. Neutron detection measurements using an americium/beryllium (AmBe) source show that increasing Li concentration from 4 to 20 mol% causes the neutron light yield (LY) to drop from 150 000 to 50 000 photons/neutron, while the gamma equivalent energy (GEE) for neutrons rises from 3.65 to 4.8 MeV. When measured at 662 keV ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs), the gamma ray LY behaves similarly, decreasing with the increase of Li content. This can be attributed to the lower fraction of Na, which affects both stopping power and scintillation efficiency. Pulse-shape discrimination measurements show well-defined differences between the gamma and neutron scintillator response.
Synthesis of Block Copolymer Segments Containing Different Ratios of Ethylene and 5-Norbornen-2-yl Acetate (2004)

Block copolymerization of ethylene with 5-norbornen-2-yl acetate (1) by the nickel catalyst system [N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)propanamide]Ni(eta1-CH2Ph)(PMe3) (2) and Ni(COD)2 (bis(1,4-cyclooctadiene)nickel) (3) produces a variety of block copolymer structures that demonstrate microphase separation. Typical block copolymerizations were carried out in an autoclave charged with a solution of the catalyst mixture and 1 (0.15 M) in toluene. The autoclave was sealed and exposed to PC2H4 = 50 psi for a period of time (T1). A pressure jump to PC2H4 = 1100 psi was then applied and the reaction allowed to proceed for another predetermined interval (T2). Independent experiments were performed to isolate and examine the molecular weight and comonomer composition of the first block. Narrow molecular weight distributions and the increase of polymer molecular weight with increases in T1 or T2 are consistent with a product in which an initial block is formed at low ethylene pressures and quantitatively converted to a block copolymer by the jump to high pressure. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that the materials are microphase separated.
Selective Recovery of Gold from E-Wastewater Using Poly-m-phenylenediamine Nanoparticles and Assembled Membranes (2023)

The economic value of recovering gold from electronic waste (e-waste) has generated significant interest, but selective capture of gold from complex acidic electronic leaching solutions remains challenging. Here, we synthesized poly-m-phenylenediamine (PmPD) nanoparticles with a positively charged surface and amino functional groups, resulting in an adsorption capacity of 2063 mg/g for Au(III) in acidic solutions, superior to most traditional adsorbents. Electrostatic adsorption and reduction were identified as the adsorption mechanism for Au(III) by zeta potential, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. To enable adsorbent recycling, PmPD nanoparticles were assembled into adsorptive membranes and used for gold recovery from e-wastewater via a continuous-flow membrane separation process. The PmPD membrane achieved a dynamic gold recovery capacity of approximately 530 mg/g and could be effectively regenerated after washing with a mixture of thiourea and HCl. We demonstrated the practical application of the adsorptive membranes by recovering about 100% of gold from the leaching solution of waste printed circuit boards of computers. Finally, the recovered gold nanoparticles on the PmPD membrane were used to catalyze the degradation of p-nitrophenol, showcasing the catalytic property of gold. The Au@PmPD membrane loaded with 4 mg gold exhibited a high catalytic reduction performance with an apparent rate constant of 0.59 min–1, one of the highest catalytic degradation rate constants of p-nitrophenol reported to date. Our study presents an effective and economical approach for recovering gold from e-waste, providing a prototype of resource recovery and reuse.
Consumptive Water Use for U.S. Power Production (2003)

A study of power plants and their respective water consumption was completed to effectively analyze evaporative cooling systems. This technical paper will aid the High Performance Buildings Research Program by providing a metric in determining water efficiency in building cooling systems. Further analysis is planned to determine the overall water efficiency of evaporative cooling systems compared to conventional direct expansion systems and chiller systems with cooling towers.
Cost-effectiveness of emergency versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallbladder pathology (2016)

Emergency cholecystectomy is less costly and more effective than delayed cholecystectomy. This approach is likely to be beneficial to patients in terms of improved health outcomes and to the healthcare provider owing to the reduced costs.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2014)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce significant gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events. Laboratory and clinical studies suggest that NSAIDs have the potential to trigger the onset or relapse of inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, the currently available information on the mechanism of action of NSAID injury of the GI tract and the pathophysiology of GI effects of NSAIDs, including immune dysregulation will be assessed. A detailed description of NSAID effects on individual GI organs will be discussed. This is followed by a MEDLINE review of clinical literature on the relationship between NSAID ingestion and the development and worsening of inflammatory bowel disease.
Abstract 344: Naturally Derived Cardiac Extracellular Matrix for Cardiac Progenitor Cell Therapy (2012)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Following acute myocardial infarction, there is dramatic myocyte loss, and the cells are replaced with a collagen scar. Cell therapy directed toward regenerating infarcted myocardium suffers from poor retention of cells, possibly because the conditions are not ideal to support injected cells. Many studies show the local microenvironment is a potent regulator of cell fate. Therefore, we hypothesize that culturing cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) on a naturally derived, cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) will increase their function. CPCs were isolated from rat cardiac tissue-homogenate with magnetic beads conjugated with c-kit antibodies. Porcine, cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) was decellularized, digested, and lyophillized to be used as a coating material. CPCs were cultured on cECM and examined for cardiogenic lineage markers, survival, proliferation and adherence. Our results show that CPCs cultured on cECM proliferate better (2.9-fold) as compared to COL (2.3-fold; p&lt;0.05). Additionally, CPCs demonstrate improved resistance to serum-starvation-induced apoptosis when cultured on cECM (40% ± 14%) as compared to COL (53% ± 14%; p&lt;0.001). Furthermore, CPCs adhered more strongly to cECM than COL as measured using microfluidics. CPCs showed enhanced progression toward the cardiomyoctye lineage when cultured on cECM (nkx2.5: 2.3 ± 0.4-fold; α-myosin heavy chain: 14.6 ± 4.4-fold; troponinC: 2.4 ± 0.2-fold; p-values &lt;0.05) as compared to COL. This was confirmed at the protein level with Gata-4 (1.8 ± 0.1-fold; p&lt;0.001) and Nkx2.5 (1.6 ± 0.2-fold; p&lt;0.05). A reduction in fibroblast specific protein-1 (0.5 ± 0.1-fold) was also seen on cECM as compared to COL and suggests the CPCs are less likely to contribute to scar formation. While these conditioned cells have not yet been examined in an in vivo setting, our comparison to COL mimics both the naked injection of these cells into an infarct zone, and comparison to a commonly used cell delivery vehicle. Our data suggest that CPCs delivered with cECM are more likely to survive and differentiate in the infarct zone than cells delivered by themselves or in collagen.
Smart Cameras (2020)

We review camera architecture in the age of artificial intelligence. Modern cameras use physical components and software to capture, compress and display image data. Over the past 5 years, deep learning solutions have become superior to traditional algorithms for each of these functions. Deep learning enables 10-100x reduction in electrical sensor power per pixel, 10x improvement in depth of field and dynamic range and 10-100x improvement in image pixel count. Deep learning enables multiframe and multiaperture solutions that fundamentally shift the goals of physical camera design. Here we review the state of the art of deep learning in camera operations and consider the impact of AI on the physical design of cameras.
Some New Radical Reactions for Organic Synthesis (1999)

Xanthates are convenient precursors of a variety of radicals that can be captured in an inter-or intramolecular fashion. Overall, the process involves rupture of the sulfide C-S bond and addition of the elements of the xanthate to the olefinic trap. The xanthate in the product can be used in another radical sequence or ionically modified in a grear variety of ways. S-Propargyl xanthates exihibit a special but interesting behaviour which involves a sigmatropic rearrangement to the corresponding allene and ring closure to a novel betaine.
Fibroblast subsets in the human orbit: Thy-1+ and Thy-1- subpopulations exhibit distinct phenotypes (2002)

An emerging concept is that fibroblasts are not homogeneous, but rather consist of subsets, capable of producing regulatory mediators that control regional inflammatory responses. Fibroblasts are key effector cells in Graves' ophthalmopathy, responsible for the connective tissue remodeling, and are a rich source of inflammatory mediators. The purpose of this research was to characterize subsets of the fibroblasts in the human orbit. The strategy used was to define fibroblast subpopulations based on surface expression of the Thy-1 antigen. Fibroblast strains derived from human orbital connective tissue exhibit heterogeneous Thy-1 expression. We show, for the first time, separation of orbital fibroblasts into functionally distinct Thy-1+ and Thy-1- subsets using magnetic beading techniques. Both subsets produced the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) after stimulation with IL-1beta or the CD40 pathway, whereas Thy-1+ fibroblasts produced higher levels of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)). Thy-1- fibroblasts produced more IL-8 than Thy-1+ fibroblasts, and when treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) up-regulated MHC class II expression more robustly. Furthermore, CD40 was expressed in a bimodal distribution within each fibroblast subset. These observations suggest that fibroblast subsets in the human orbit play distinct roles in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses crucial in the initiation and development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Broadband absorption enhancement in randomly positioned silicon nanowire arrays for solar cell applications (2011)

In this Letter, the optical properties of randomly positioned silicon nanowire arrays are studied. The result shows that position randomization with a filling ratio larger than 36% renders better absorptance over a broadband ranging from 300 to 1130 nm compared to regular structures. The ultimate efficiency of a 48% filling ratio position randomized nanowire structure is 13.4% higher compared to the optimized regularly arranged nanowire structure with the same thickness. The absorptance enhancement of random structures is attributed to lowered reflectance, more supported resonant modes, and broadening of existing resonance.
Excited-state nitrosyl bending and metal oxidation in K2[Fe(CN)5NO] determined by excited-state Raman spectroscopy (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited-state nitrosyl bending and metal oxidation in K2[Fe(CN)5NO] determined by excited-state Raman spectroscopyY. Y. Yang and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 16, 4799–4800Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00302a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00302a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polyclonal antibody responses to HIV Env immunogens resolved using cryoEM (2021)

Engineered ectodomain trimer immunogens based on BG505 envelope glycoprotein are widely utilized as components of HIV vaccine development platforms. In this study, we used rhesus macaques to evaluate the immunogenicity of several stabilized BG505 SOSIP constructs both as free trimers and presented on a nanoparticle. We applied a cryoEM-based method for high-resolution mapping of polyclonal antibody responses elicited in immunized animals (cryoEMPEM). Mutational analysis coupled with neutralization assays were used to probe the neutralization potential at each epitope. We demonstrate that cryoEMPEM data can be used for rapid, high-resolution analysis of polyclonal antibody responses without the need for monoclonal antibody isolation. This approach allowed to resolve structurally distinct classes of antibodies that bind overlapping sites. In addition to comprehensive mapping of commonly targeted neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes in BG505 SOSIP immunogens, our analysis revealed that epitopes comprising engineered stabilizing mutations and of partially occupied glycosylation sites can be immunogenic.
HCV-Recurrence After Liver Transplantation (2012)

Hepatitis-C-virus (HCV) represents one of the most serious threats for human liver and chronic HCV-infection results in the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV is an enveloped RNA-virus belonging to the flaviviridae family. Currently six identified HCV-genotypes, different in their geographic distribution define the severity of pathogenic effect, disease course and treatment results. About 1.5% of the European population are HCV-positive. Although the natural history of HCV-infection is rather slow, highly variable disease progression may lead to a rapid loss of liver function [1, 2]. An estimated annual incidence of new infections (3-4 millions) explains 170 million HCV-positive people worldwide. 80% of all HCV-infections become chronic and fewer than 25% of HCV-positive individuals are clinically apparent presenting either in a clinically stable state with few only symptoms or with fully decompensated liver disease with a dire prognosis [1, 3, 4]. Once chronic HCV-infection is established, the rates of spontaneous viral clearance remain discouraging.
Optimum dimensions of the epilayer for third-order intermodulation distortion (2002)

Dominant bipolar transistor distortion sources are identified with respect to the biasing conditions. Mixed-level simulator results are compared with small- and large-signal measurements. An optimum epilayer design map for third-order intermodulation distortion is presented.
A Bidding Algorithm for Optimized Utility-Based Resource Allocation in Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

This article proposes a scheme for bandwidth allocation in wireless ad hoc networks. The quality of service (QoS) levels for each end-to-end flow are expressed using resource-utility functions, and our algorithms aim to maximize aggregated utility. The shared channel is modeled as bandwidth resources defined by maximal cliques of mutual interfering links. We propose an entirely novel resource allocation algorithm that employs auction mechanisms where flows are bidding for resources. The bids depend both on the flow's utility function and the intrinsically derived shadow prices. Then we combine it with a utility-aware on-demand shortest path routing algorithm where shadow prices are used as a natural distance metric. We also show that the problem can be formulated as a linear programming problem. Thus we can compare the performance of our scheme to the centralized optimal LP solution, registering results very close to the optimum. We isolate the performance of the price-based routing and show its advantages in hotspot scenarios, and also propose an asynchronous version that is more feasible for ad hoc environments. Experimental results of a comparison with the state-of-the-art approach based on Kelly's utility maximization framework show that our approach exhibits superior performance for networks with both increased mobility or increased allocation period.
20704 Simulation of the Impact of Nanotopography on STI-CMP : Quantitative Evaluation of Relationship between Allowable Peak-to-Valley Height and Slurry Selectivity (2005)

A relationship between allowable initial Peak-to-Valley heights (allowable PV) of a nanotopography and selectivity of slurry for CMP process making STI was analyzed quantitatively using a simple simulation method. The results show that the allowable PV became larger according to an increase of the selectivity. Moreover, in the case of the selectivity of thirty, the allowable PV were four times to eight times larger than the case with the selectivity of three. However, it is noted that the slurry for the process should have the ability of performing not only high selectivity but also small dishing.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Combined Neoadjuvant Docetaxel and Hormone Therapy Before Radical Prostatectomy for Patients With High Risk Localized Prostate Cancer (2008)

Combined androgen deprivation and docetaxel before prostatectomy was feasible, and resulted in encouraging recurrence-free survival. While pathological down staging was observed, pathological complete response rates were rare.
3-Dimensional Plasmonic and Metamaterial Structures. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
A human endogenous retrovirus encoded protease potentially cleaves numerous cellular proteins (2019)

Our findings from an approach combining TAILS with experimental verification of candidate proteins in vitro and in cultured cells suggest that hundreds of cellular proteins are potential substrates of HERV-K(HML-2) Pro. It is therefore conceivable that even low-level expression of HERV-K(HML-2) Pro affects levels of a diverse array of proteins and thus has a functional impact on cell biology and possible relevance for human diseases. Further studies are indicated to elucidate effects of HERV-K(HML-2) Pro expression regarding human substrate proteins, cell biology, and disease. The latter also calls for studies on expression of specific HERV-K(HML-2) loci capable of encoding active Pro. Endogenous retrovirus-encoded Pro activity may also be relevant for disease development in species other than human.