gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P1‐143: The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA): Validation of alternate forms and new recommendations for education corrections (2011)

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a popular cognitive screening test designed to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults (Nasreddine et al., 2005). It was originally validated in a normative sample with a mean education of 13.3 years using a cutoff score of 26. Our objective was to obtain normative data in a sample with 12 years or less of education, and to develop alternate forms to facilitate its use in repeated testing. Ninety-six healthy participants without cognitive problems were tested on the original MoCA and a neuropsychological battery. This sample was combined with lower-education participants from the initial validation study. Fifty-five participants were excluded, mainly due to poor neuropsychological performance (score = 1.5 SD below the mean on 1+ measure). The final sample was 79participants. Two alternate MoCA forms were developed by replacing original items with new exemplars. The original and two new forms were administered one month apart in randomized order to 32normal elderly controls, 30 patients with MCI, and 21 patients with Alzheimer disease. 1. Revised education corrections of +1 point for 10-12 years of education (n = 52) and +2 points for4-9 years of education (n = 27) are suggested. Sensitivity for detecting MCI/AD were 90/100% and specificity 69.2%for 10-12 years of education, and 87.5/100% sensitivity, 74.1% specificity for4-9 years of education. 2. Repeated measures ANOVA on the three MoCA forms revealed the following: total scores for the NECs and AD's on all three versions were within 0.8 points of each other, with no significant differences between the versions. Total scores for the MCIs showed a significant but small 1.3point difference between MoCA 1 and MoCA3. The MoCA has lower specificity for detecting MCI in lower education samples, highlighting the challenge of cognitive screening in older adults with lower education but, overall, retains its excellent psychometric properties and sensitivity as a screening tool for MCI and mild AD. The three forms of the MoCA yield equivalent total scores and discriminate MCI patients from controls and AD patients. The three forms are suitable for situations requiring repeated cognitive testing
옥수수(Zea Mays L.) 불검화 추출물과 후박(Magnoliae cortex) 추출물의 혼합물이 백서의 두개골 재생에 미치는 영향 (2002)

I. Purpose of Study Zea Mays L. has been known to be effective for improving periodontal health and Magnoliae cortex to have effective antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens. The purpose of this study was to examine the biologic effects of Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extract mixtures on healing of rat calvarial bone defects. II. Materials &amp;amp;amp; Methods 8mm circular defects were prepared on rat calvaria during surgical procedures of 180 Sprague-Dawley rats. The ethanolic extracts of Magnoliae cortex and Zea Mays L. and these two natural extract 1:1 and 2:1 (Magnoliae: Zea Mays L.) ratio mixtures were oral administrated by oral zondes once a day at two different dose of 94.5mg/kg, 189mg/kg body weight. There are nine groups of rats in this study: control group (no sample loading), Magnoliae cortex extract loading groups (I,II)(94.5mg/kg,189mg/kg respectively), Zea Mays L. extract loading groups (I,II), M:Z(1:1) loading groups (I,II), M:Z(2:1) loading groups(I,II). Rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 6 weeks after surgery. New bone formations around calvarial defects were radiographically and histologically measured by computerassisted histomorphometry. Each data was statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA test. III. Results There were statistical significances between negative control group and the other test groups on radiographical and histological quantitative assessments. Among test groups, mixture groups showed statistical significances, especially, M:Z (2:1) groups (I and II) were highly significant.(p&amp;amp;lt;0.05) These results implicated that the mixture of Magnoliae and Zea Mays L. (2:1 mixing ratio) with 94.5mg/kg concentration might be highly effective on the wound healing of bony defected site and have potential possibilities as a useful drug to promote bone tissue regeneration.
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Diamondoid Structures and High Thermoelectric Performance in (Cu1–xAgx)(In1–yGay)Te2 (2021)

Owing to the diversity of composition and excellent transport properties, the ternary I-III-VI<sub>2</sub> type diamond-like chalcopyrite compounds are attractive functional semiconductors, including as thermoelectric materials. In this family, CuInTe<sub>2</sub> and CuGaTe<sub>2</sub> are well investigated and achieve maximum <i>ZT</i> values of ∼1.4 at 950 K and an average <i>ZT</i> of 0.43. However, both compounds have poor electrical conductivity at low temperature, resulting in low <i>ZT</i> below 450 K. In this work, we have greatly improved the thermoelectric performance in the quinary diamondoid compound (Cu<sub>0.8</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>)(In<sub>0.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.8</sub>)Te<sub>2</sub> by understanding and controlling the effects of different constituent elements on the thermoelectric transport properties. Our combined theoretical and experimental effort indicates that Ga in the In site of the lattice decreases the carrier effective mass and improves the electrical conductivity and power factor of Cu<sub>0.8</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>In<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub><i>x</i></sub>Te<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, Ag in the Cu site strongly suppresses the heat transport via the enhanced acoustic phonon-optical phonon coupling effects, leading to the ultralow thermal conductivity of ∼0.49 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> at 850 K in Cu<sub>0.8</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>In<sub>0.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.8</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>. Defect formation energy calculations suggest intrinsic Cu vacancies introduce defect levels that are important to the temperature-dependent hole density and electrical conductivity. Therefore, we introduced extra Cu vacancies to optimize the hole carrier density and improve the power factor of Cu<sub>0.8</sub>Ag<sub>0.2</sub>In<sub>0.2</sub>Ga<sub>0.8</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>. As a result, a maximum <i>ZT</i> of ∼1.5 at 850 K and an average <i>ZT</i> of 0.78 in the temperature range of 400-850 K are obtained, which is among the highest in the diamond-like compound family.
Computational Removal of Undesired Mass Spectral Features Possessing Repeat Units via a Kendrick Mass Filter (2018)

Polymers are a common component of chemical background which complicates data analysis and can impair interpretation. Undesired chemical background cannot always be addressed via pre-analytical methods, chromatography, or existing data processing methods. The Kendrick mass filter (KMF) is presented for the computational removal of undesired signals present in MS<sup>1</sup> spectra. The KMF is analogous to mass defect filtering but utilizes homology information via Kendrick mass scaling in combination with chromatographic retention time and the number of observed signals. The KMF is intended to assist in situations in which current data processing methods to remove background, e.g., blank subtraction, are either not possible or effective. The major parameters affecting KMF were investigated using PEG 400 and NIST standard reference material 1950 (metabolites in human plasma). Further exploration of the KMF performance was tested using an extract of a swab known to contain polymers. An illustrative real-world example of skin analysis with polymeric signal is discussed. The KMF is also able to provide a high-level view of the compositionality of data regarding the presence of signals with repeat units and indicate the presence of different polymers. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW APPROACH TO 1‐NITRO‐2,2‐BIS(ALKYL‐ OR ARYLAMINO)ETHYLENES: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF RANITIDINE (1985)

Abstract Die Addition von Nitromethan (II) an die Carbodiimide (I) führt zu den Nitro‐diaminoethylenen (III).
Radiologische Einschätzung der Resektabilität beim Pankreaskarzinom (2014)

Complete tumor resection is still the only poten- tially curative therapy option for patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Surgical exploration is the gold standard for the determi- nation of tumor resectability. Radiological resect- ability assessment is of great importance because many clearly unresectable cases can be identified preoperatively and it became essential for surgi- cal planning. The evolving surgical and radiologi- cal techniques demand a continuous reappraisal of radiological criteria in resectability assessment. In the following, the criteria for resection plan- ning are described along with surgical manage- ment and the role of radiology in some innovative surgical concepts is explained.
A New Convergent Approach to α‐Branched Alkynes. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On genericity and parametricity (extended abstract) (1996)

Article Free Access Share on On genericity and parametricity (extended abstract) Authors: Catriel Beeri Department of Computer Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Department of Computer Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, IsraelView Profile , Tova Milo Department of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel Department of Computer Science, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, IsraelView Profile , Paula Ta-Shma Department of Computer Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Department of Computer Science, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, IsraelView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODS '96: Proceedings of the fifteenth ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systemsJune 1996Pages 104–116https://doi.org/10.1145/237661.237689Published:03 June 1996Publication History 6citation234DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads234Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteeReaderPDF
[Giardia and giardiasis]. (2006)

Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite that inhabits the upper small intestine of humans and several other vertebrates and one of the most frequent cause of intestinal disease worldwide. During its life cycle, G. lamblia undergoes significant biochemical and morphological changes that allow the parasite to survive under hostile environmental conditions. To survive outside the host's intestine, Giardia differentiates into resistant cysts, which are characterized by a rigid extracellular cyst wall that protect the parasite even to the action of the most common chemical disinfectants. Another adaptive mechanism of Giardia is the switching of its surface antigens, a mechanism that allows the trophozoites to evade the host's immune responses and produce acute, chronic and/or recurrent infections. During the last years, important advances in the knowledge of the molecular basis underlying the mechanisms of encystation and antigenic variation in Giardia suggest that novel chemotherapeutic and/or immunoprophylactic reagents against this important human pathogen could soon be available.
Vibrational analysis of the all-trans-retinal chromophore in light-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational analysis of the all-trans-retinal chromophore in light-adapted bacteriorhodopsinSteven O. Smith, Mark S. Braiman, Anne B. Myers, Johannes A. Pardoen, Jacques M. L. Courtin, Chris Winkel, Johan Lugtenburg, and Richard A. MathiesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 10, 3108–3125Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00244a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00244a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views632Altmetric-Citations198LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
meta‐Selective C−H Arylation of Fluoroarenes and Simple Arenes (2020)

Fluorine is known to promote ortho-C-H metalation. Based upon this reactivity, we employed an activated norbornene that traps the ortho-palladation intermediate and is then relayed to the meta position, leading to meta-selective C-H arylation of fluoroarenes. Deuterium experiment suggests that this meta-arylation is initiated by ortho C-H activation and the catalytic cycle is terminated by C-2 protonation. A dual-ligand system is crucial for the observed high reactivity and site selectivity. Applying this approach to simple benzene or other arenes also affords arylation products with good yield and site selectivity.
Additivity and the Physical Basis of Multivalency Effects:  A Thermodynamic Investigation of the Calcium EDTA Interaction (2003)

To better understand the origin of multivalency effects in ligand binding, the binding of a series of mono-, bi-, tri- and tetravalent carboxylate ligands to Ca(II) was examined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The data are inconsistent with an entropic origin of enhanced affinity, but rather show that at least in this instance the multivalency effect is enthalpic in origin. Analysis of binding data using the Jencks model shows the addition of incremental carboxylate "ligands" produces an unfavorable interaction entropy that is more than offset by a strongly favorable interaction enthalpy. The most likely source of this interaction enthalpy is the relief of repulsive Coulombic interactions in the unbound state. The conformational entropy penalty arising from the restriction of flexible dihedrals is negligible, within experimental error. On the other hand, an enthalpic contribution from linker restriction contributes strongly to the overall thermodynamics of ligand binding. Together, these data suggest that enthalpic effects dominate ligand binding, and design strategies should seek to optimize these interactions. The incorporation of unfavorable interactions in the unbound ligand that are relieved during binding provides an important mechanism by which to enhance ligand affinities.
Single Material Beam Hardening Correction in CT Using an Analytical Energy Response Model (2020)

Material decomposition algorithms for dual energy CT require knowledge on the energy response of the used system. This knowledge can be gained either through calibration measurements or using an explicit analytical model. While the former approach is preferred by vendors, it tends to be intimately linked with the chosen image reconstruction approach and is thus not easily amenable to using other, potentially more advanced, image reconstruction methods. Models for the detector response and the source spectrum have been published in the literature. Here, we investigate how satisfactory these general models are to represent the characteristics of one specific scanner. Specifically, the models are tested by using them to perform a water-based, single material beam hardening correction on real CT data. This test is performed using an anthropomorphic head phantom and the ACR CT accreditation phantom both scanned at two different X-ray tube settings that are typically used for dual energy CT. The scans are performed using a state-of-the-art diagnostic CT scanner (SOMATOM Drive, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Germany). The images corrected for beam hardening using the models are compared with the classical reconstructions provided by the vendor, for which beam hardening correction is based on real measurements from a calibration phantom. The study demonstrates that the results provided by the vendor can be reproduced with high accuracy (within 1-3 HU in mean value) provided some analytical correction for forward scatter is included as well.
Noise and electrical characteristics below 10 K of small CHFET circuits and discrete devices (1993)

This paper discusses the latest results of a continuing study of the properties of the complementary heterojunction field-effect transistor (CHFET) at 4 K. The electrical characteristics, including the gate leakage current and the subthreshold transconductance, and the input-referred noise voltage for a new lot of discrete CHFETs is presented and discussed. It is shown that the inclusion of a sidewall spacer on the gate substantially reduced the gate leakage current, as compared to a previous lot without the sidewall spacer. The input-referred noise is approximately the same order of magnitude as previous devices, on the order of 1 (mu) V/(root)Hz at 10 Hz for subthreshold operation. The noise is relatively unaffected by changes in the bias current and drain voltage, but decreases with increasing device size, and is increased by the inclusion of dopants in the channel region. Several simple multiplexer circuits using CHFETs are presented, and the open-loop transfer curve of a multiplexed single gain stage operational amplifier at 4 K is shown.
Enhancement of the Quality Factor of AlN Contour Mode Resonators by Acoustic Reflection: Numerical Design and Experimental Investigation (2014)

Piezoelectrically actuated MEMS resonators can be very effective for building integrated frequency references in the radio frequency range even though experiments show that mode coupling and dissipative phenomena can affect their performance. This contribution addresses the dependence of quality factor on the resonator inactive region. Four configurations with different dimensions of the inactive region have been designed and tested proving that an improvement in the resonator quality factor can be obtained. A refined numerical tools accounting for anchor losses and surface dissipation have been used to reproduce experimental data. The numerical predictions show a good agreement with the experimental tests.
An angular accelerometer with high sensitivity and low crosstalk utilizing a piezoresistive cantilever and spiral liquid channels (2020)

This article describes an angular accelerometer with high sensitivity and low crosstalk that uses a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) piezoresistive cantilever and spiral liquid channels. The fabricated device is composed of two spiral channels aligned in parallel with the piezoresistive cantilever placed in between the channels. When angular acceleration is applied, the liquid inside the spiral channels produces an inertial force. This inertial force generates a pressure difference between the spiral channels, and that difference is measured by a piezoresistive cantilever with a high resolution of 0.01 Pa. The pressure difference causes deformation of the piezoresistive cantilever which results in resistance change. Finally, the applied angular acceleration can be calculated from the resistance change. By increasing the number of turns of the spiral channel, both high sensitivity and low crosstalk from the nontarget axis can be achieved. Our proposed device with 12.5 turns achieved a sensitivity of 0.72 mV/(rad/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and crosstalk of less than 2%.
Influence factors of death risk among COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: a hospital-based case-cohort study (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been widely pandemic all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence factors of death risk among 200 COVID-19 patients.Methods Two hundred patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were collected from electronic medical records. Biochemical indexes on admission were measured and patient's prognosis was tracked. The association of demographic data, clinical characteristics and biochemical indexes with death risk was analyzed.Results Of 200 COVID-19 patients, 163 (81.5%) had at least one of comorbidities. Among all patients, critical cases accounted for 26.2%. Severe cases were 29.7%. Besides, common cases accounted for 44.1%. At the end of follow-up, 34 (17%) were died on mean 10.9 day after hospitalization. Stratified analysis revealed that older ages, lower oxygenation index and comorbidities elevated death risk of COVID-19 patients. On admission, 85.5% COVID-19 patients were with at least one of extrapulmonary organ injuries. Univariable logistic regression showed that ALT, TBIL, AST, myoglobin and LDH, AST/ALT ratio, creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid were positively associated with death risk of COVID-19 patients. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that AST/ALT ratio, urea nitrogen, TBIL and LDH on admission were positively correlated with death risk of COVID-19 patients.Conclusion Older age, lower oxygenation index and comorbidities on admission elevate death risk of COVID-19 patients. AST/ALT ratio, urea nitrogen, TBIL and LDH on admission may be potential prognostic indicators.
Photovoltaic Inverter Controllers Seeking AC Optimal Power Flow Solutions (2015)

This paper considers future distribution networks featuring inverter-interfaced photovoltaic (PV) systems, and addresses the synthesis of feedback controllers that seek real- and reactive-power inverter setpoints corresponding to AC optimal power flow (OPF) solutions. The objective is to bridge the temporal gap between long-term system optimization and real-time inverter control, and enable seamless PV-owner participation without compromising system efficiency and stability. The design of the controllers is grounded on a dual ε-subgradient method, while semidefinite programming relaxations are advocated to bypass the non-convexity of AC OPF formulations. Global convergence of inverter output powers is analytically established for diminishing stepsize rules for cases where: i) computational limits dictate asynchronous updates of the controller signals, and ii) inverter reference inputs may be updated at a faster rate than the power-output settling time.