gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Focus information is used to interpret binocular images (2010)

Focus information-blur and accommodation-is highly correlated with depth in natural viewing. We examined the use of focus information in solving the binocular correspondence problem and in interpreting monocular occlusions. We presented transparent scenes consisting of two planes. Observers judged the slant of the farther plane, which was seen through the nearer plane. To do this, they had to solve the correspondence problem. In one condition, the two planes were presented with sharp rendering on one image plane, as is done in conventional stereo displays. In another condition, the planes were presented on two image planes at different focal distances, simulating focus information in natural viewing. Depth discrimination performance improved significantly when focus information was correct, which shows that the visual system utilizes the information contained in depth-of-field blur in solving binocular correspondence. In a second experiment, we presented images in which one eye could see texture behind an occluder that the other eye could not see. When the occluder's texture was sharp along with the occluded texture, binocular rivalry was prominent. When the occluded and occluding textures were presented with different blurs, rivalry was significantly reduced. This shows that blur aids the interpretation of scene layout near monocular occlusions.
Bipolaronic nature of the pseudogap in (TaSe4)2I revealed via weak photoexcitation (2022)

The origin of the pseudogap in many strongly correlated materials has been a longstanding puzzle. Here, we uncover which many-body interactions underlie the pseudogap in quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) material (TaSe4)2I by weak photo-excitation of the material to partially melt the ground state order and thereby reveal the underlying states in the gap. We observe the appearance of both dispersive and flat bands by using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We assign the dispersive band to a single-particle bare band, while the flat band to a collection of single-polaron sub-bands. Our results provide direct experimental evidence that many-body interactions among small Holstein polarons i.e., the formation of bipolarons, are primarily responsible for the pseudogap in (TaSe4)2I. Recent theoretical studies of the Holstein model support the presence of such a bipolaron-to-polaron crossover. We also observe dramatically different relaxation times for the excited in-gap states in (TaSe4)2I (~600 fs) compared with another quasi-1D material Rb0.3MoO3 (~60 fs), which provides a new method for distinguishing between pseudogaps induced by polaronic or Luttinger-liquid many-body interactions.
PanIN Neuroendocrine Cells Promote Tumorigenesis via Neuronal Cross-talk (2017)

Nerves are a notable feature of the tumor microenvironment in some epithelial tumors, but their role in the malignant progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is uncertain. Here, we identify dense innervation in the microenvironment of precancerous pancreatic lesions, known as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanIN), and describe a unique subpopulation of neuroendocrine PanIN cells that express the neuropeptide substance P (SP) receptor neurokinin 1-R (NK1-R). Using organoid culture, we demonstrated that sensory neurons promoted the proliferation of PanIN organoids via SP-NK1-R signaling and STAT3 activation. Nerve-responsive neuroendocrine cells exerted trophic influences and potentiated global PanIN organoid growth. Sensory denervation of a genetically engineered mouse model of PDAC led to loss of STAT3 activation, a decrease in the neoplastic neuroendocrine cell population, and impaired PanIN progression to tumor. Overall, our data provide evidence that nerves of the PanIN microenvironment promote oncogenesis, likely via direct signaling to neoplastic neuroendocrine cells capable of trophic influences. These findings identify neuroepithelial cross-talk as a potential novel target in PDAC treatment. <i>Cancer Res; 77(8); 1868-79. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Epidemiologic and economic considerations regarding persistently infected cattle during vaccinate-to-live strategies for control of foot-and-mouth disease in FMD-free regions (2022)

Development of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) carrier state following FMD virus (FMDV) infection is a well-established phenomenon in cattle. However, the proportion of cattle likely to become carriers and the duration of the carrier state at a herd or population-level are incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to examine the epidemiologic and economic impacts of vaccination-to-live strategy in a disease-free region or country. We developed and simulated scenarios of FMD spread and control in the US livestock population, which included depopulation for a limited period, followed by a vaccinate-to-live strategy with strong biosecurity and movement restrictions. Six scenarios of FMD spread and control were simulated in the InterSpread Plus (ISP) modeling tool. Data on the number of infected and depopulated cattle (by operation types) from ISP model runs were used to estimate the monthly number of infected but not depopulated (potential carrier) cattle after the infection. Using available literature data on the FMD carrier state, we estimated the monthly proportion of carrier cattle (from infected but not depopulated cattle) over time following infection. Among the simulated scenarios, the median (25th, 75th percentile) number of infected cattle ranged from 43,217 (42,819, 55,274) head to 148,907 (75,819, 205,350) head, and the epidemic duration ranged from 20 (11, 30) to 76 (38, 136) days. In general, larger outbreaks occurred when depopulation was carried out through longer periods, and the onset of the vaccination was late (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The estimated proportion of surviving cattle, which were infected and not depopulated and had the potential to become persistently infected ranged from 14 to 35% of total infected cattle. Production losses in beef and dairy sectors were higher when outbreaks started in multiple states simultaneously, but production losses were small compared to trade losses and consumer avoidance losses. These results can be used to inform the consideration of a vaccinate-to-live strategy for FMD outbreaks and the development of appropriate post-outbreak management strategies. Furthermore, this output will enable a more detailed examination of the epidemiologic and economic implications of allowing convalescent cattle to survive and remain in production chains after FMD outbreaks in FMD-free regions.
The Cardioprotective Effects of Semaglutide Exceed Those of Dietary Weight Loss in Mice With HFpEF (2023)

Obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has become a well-recognized HFpEF subphenotype. Targeting the unfavorable cardiometabolic profile may represent a rational treatment strategy. This study investigated semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that induces significant weight loss in patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus and has been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. In a mouse model of HFpEF that was caused by advanced aging, female sex, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, semaglutide, compared with weight loss induced by pair feeding, improved the cardiometabolic profile, cardiac structure, and cardiac function. Mechanistically, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses revealed that semaglutide improved left ventricular cytoskeleton function and endothelial function and restores protective immune responses in visceral adipose tissue. Strikingly, treatment with semaglutide induced a wide array of favorable cardiometabolic effects beyond the effect of weight loss by pair feeding. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may therefore represent an important novel therapeutic option for treatment of HFpEF, especially when obesity-related.
Low activation energy fullerene molecular resist (2009)

Recently there has been significant interest in the field of molecular resists as a route to shrinking the trade-off between resolution, line width roughness and sensitivity for next generation lithography. We have previously presented initial results of a three component fullerene derivative based negative tone chemically amplified electron beam resist with sparse feature resolution of ~12 nm, half pitch resolution of ~20 nm, sub 5 nm line width roughness, sub 10 &mu;C/cm<sup>2</sup> sensitivity, and high etch durability. Here we present a further study of the properties of this molecular resist. The material shows extremely wide process latitude. In particular it has been shown that the resolution and sensitivity of the resist are not strongly affected by the post exposure bake conditions. Indeed a post exposure bake was not required at all in order to observe high resolution high sensitivity behavior from the material implying that this is a low activation energy resist. Such low E<sub>a</sub> resists were original developed to address problems with airborne contaminants (T-topping) but can suffer from problems with extended post exposure delay (acid diffusion) and with sensitivity to humidity. However, the fullerene based resist was extremely stable under ambient conditions and for post exposure delays of 24 hours, regardless of whether a post exposure bake was applied, showing that the post exposure bake step can be eliminated for this resist, and furthermore that the chemical amplification reaction in the material is in some way self limiting.
Development of phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy (2006)

Photodynamic therapy is a method for treating several diseases, most notably cancer. Recent synthetic activity has created a number of phthalocyanines for potential use as photodynamic therapy photosensitizers. In this mini-review article, the background and the concepts in the development of new phthalocyanines are introduced.
Biochemical markers of bone and cartilage remodeling are poorly correlated with clinical and radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis (2000)

peer reviewed
Dosimetry for FLASH Radiotherapy: A Review of Tools and the Role of Radioluminescence and Cherenkov Emission (2020)

While spatial dose conformity delivered to a target volume has been pushed to its practical limits with advanced treatment planning and delivery, investigations in novel temporal dose delivery are unfolding new mechanisms. Recent advances in ultra-high dose radiotherapy, abbreviated as FLASH, indicate the potential for reduction in healthy tissue damage while preserving tumor control. FLASH therapy relies on very high dose rate of > 40Gy/sec with sub-second temporal beam modulation, taking a seemingly opposite direction from the conventional paradigm of fractionated therapy. FLASH brings unique challenges to dosimetry, beam control, and verification, as well as complexity of radiobiological effective dose through altered tissue response. In this review, we compare the dosimetric methods capable of operating under high dose rate environments. Due to excellent dose-rate independence, superior spatial (~<1 mm) and temporal (~ns) resolution achievable with Cherenkov and scintillation-based detectors, we show that luminescent detectors have a key role to play in the development of FLASH-RT, as the field rapidly progresses towards clinical adaptation. Additionally, we show that the unique ability of certain luminescence-based methods to provide tumor oxygenation maps in real-time with submillimeter resolution can elucidate the radiobiological mechanisms behind the FLASH effect. In particular, such techniques will be crucial for understanding the role of oxygen in mediating the FLASH effect.
Diffractively Produced Charm Final States in800−GeV/cppCollisions (2001)

We report the first observation of diffractively produced open charm in 800-GeV/c pp collisions of the type pp-->pD*X. We measure cross sections of sigma(diff)(D*+) = (0.185+/-0.044+/-0.054) (mu)b and sigma(diff)(D(*-)) = (0.174+/-0.034+/-0.029) (mu)b. Our measurements are based on 4.3x10(9) events recorded by FNAL E690 in the fixed-target run of 1991. We compare our results with previous fixed-target charm experiments.
Tailored Synthesis of Octopus‐type Janus Nanoparticles for Synergistic Actively‐Targeted and Chemo‐Photothermal Therapy (2016)

Abstract A facile, reproducible, and scalable method was explored to construct uniform Au@poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) Janus nanoparticles (JNPs). The as‐prepared JNPs were used as templates to preferentially grow a mesoporous silica (mSiO 2 ) shell and Au branches separately modified with methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐thiol (PEG) to improve their stability, and lactobionic acid (LA) for tumor‐specific targeting. The obtained octopus‐type PEG‐Au‐PAA/mSiO 2 ‐LA Janus NPs (PEG‐OJNP‐LA) possess pH and NIR dual‐responsive release properties. Moreover, DOX‐loaded PEG‐OJNP‐LA, upon 808 nm NIR light irradiation, exhibit obviously higher toxicity at the cellular and animal levels compared with chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone, indicating the PEG‐OJNP‐LA could be utilized as a multifunctional nanoplatform for in vitro and in vivo actively‐targeted and chemo‐photothermal cancer therapy.
Meniscus Formation in a Vertical Capillary Tube (2022)

In this theoretical work, the energies associated with the formation of a meniscus in a small diameter capillary tube are analyzed. A mechanism for meniscus creation and an associated energy balance are proposed. Equations for work of wetting, surface energy, gravitational energy, and dissipation are derived. The relative magnitude of these quantities is compared, first to each other and then to energies from capillary rise. In capillary rise, the energy released as work of wetting is evenly split between gravitational energy stored in the liquid column and heat dissipated there. The analysis performed here suggests that meniscus formation is energetically distinct and more complex than capillary rise. In meniscus formation, most of the energy released as work of wetting is stored in the stretched air-liquid interface or dissipated in the bulk liquid; their relative distribution depends on the properties of the liquid and the tube.
FDG-PET/CT zum Staging des fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinoms: Luxus oder Methode mit klinischer Relevanz? (2006)

Ziele: Evaluation der klinischen Wertigkeit der FDG-PET/CT vs. der Multidetector-CT (MDR-CT) und PET beim Re-Staging des Mammakarzinoms im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Methode: In die prospektive Studie wurden 87 Patientinnen (Pat) mit Mammakarzinom und neu aufgetretenem Tumormarkeranstieg/klinischem Verdacht auf ein Rezidiv eingeschlossen. Bei allen Pat wurde eine PET/CT-Untersuchung (GE Discovery LS Hybrid-Scanner) durchgeführt. 60min nach Injektion von 370 MBq FDG erfolgte eine portalvenöse kontrastgestützte MDR-CT (4-Zeilen) des Halses, Thorax und Abdomens: Schichtdicke 5mm, incr. 4,25, Rot. 0,5 s, 140 kV, 160 mAs. Danach wurde die PET-Akquisition durchgeführt. Sowohl MDR-CT als auch PET und FDG-PET/CT wurden zum TNM-Staging verwendet. Als Referenz dienten Histologie sowie routinemässig durchgeführte Untersuchungen wie konvent. Röntgen, MRT, Ultraschall und Knochenszintigraphie einschließlich des klinischen Verlaufes. Ergebnis: 26 Pat wiesen ein Tumormarkeranstieg auf; in 61 Fällen ergab sich klinisch der V.a. ein Lokalrezidiv bzw. fanden sich suspekte Läsionen in der routinemässig durchgeführten Bildgebung.
TiO2 in Organic Photosynthesis: Sunlight Induced Functionalization of Heterocyclic Bases (2010)

In the last decades photocatalyzed organic processes have attracted the great interest, due to their low environmental impact. Various oxidation and reduction processes of organic substrates have been developed as alternative routes to the “classical” synthesis of more complex molecules. In this attempt TiO2 is actually largely studied and employed, especially as catalyst in the organic pollutants photodegradation to products with less environmental impact. From the synthetic point of view, the attention has been focused particularly on the TiO2-mediated synthesis of alcohols, carbonyl- and carboxylic- derivatives. Recently our group has developed new TiO2- photocatalyzed synthetic protocols for the functionalization of N-heteroaromatic bases as an alternative to the “classic” well known redox metal-catalyzed methods. These substrates are suitable for the nucleophilic free-radical addition and the photocatalytic activity of microcrystalline TiO2 has shown a key role in the success of our protocol. Keywords: TiO2, photocatalytic activity, Heterocyclic Bases, photocatalysis, semiconductors, photo-activators, heteroaromatic bases
A 10 GB/S EQUALIZER WITH INTEGRATED CLOCK AND DATA RECOVERY FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (2005)

A 10 Gb/s analog continuous-time equalizer with integrated clock and data recovery circuit is presented. It is designed to recover signals degraded by chromatic and polarization mode dispersion. The key components in the design are a feedforward equalizer and a decision feedback equalizer, the parameters of which are electronically adjustable. Both circuit blocks are fully described and characterized with emphasis on minimizing self-induced distortion and maximizing high-speed performance. In addition to the equalizer and the clock and data recovery, the circuit also includes an integrated automatic gain control. The circuit is implemented in a commercial 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology and consumes 900 mW. The capacity of the equalizer to mitigate signal impairments is demonstrated using three electrically generated channels.
High-Intensity Burners with Low Nox Emissions (1992)

Experimental combustion and NO x emissions results are summarized for a range of jet shear layer combustion systems that have rapid fuel and air mixing, short intense flames, a high turn-down ratio and low NO x characteristics. Two burner sizes of 76 and 140 mm are investigated for propane and natural gas. Three jet shear layer burners are compared with axial and radial swirlers. The combustion techniques were developed for application to low NO x combustion systems for industrial gas turbines, where NO x emissions as low as 10 ppm at 15 per cent oxygen have been demonstrated. It is shown that at one bar pressure, gas turbine combustors and high-intensity burners operate at similar air flow, blockage and pressure loss conditions.
Polarization Properties of Bent Optical Fiber Probes and Magneto-Optical Imaging in Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy with the Polarization Modulation Technique. (1999)

The scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) is well known as a tool for observing nano-structures. On that account, a SNOM to which a certain magneto-optical (MO) measurement technique is applied, or MO-SNOM, is likely to become a powerful tool for nanometric studies on magnetism. In our study, a transmission-illumination mode SNOM with a bent optical fiber probe, which operates as a cantilever in atomic force microscopy (AFM), was employed. Incorporation of the polarization modulation technique into this system has made it possible to resolve magnetic structures with a high sensitivity of up to 1 mrad and a resolution of approximately 1/5 times the wave-length of the light source (argon ion laser: 488 nm). The behavior of polarized light in the probes, however, prevents quantitative analysis of MO effects. This paper describes an investigation into the polarization properties of the bent optical fiber probes, based on their Stokes parameters. A method for acquiring pure signals dependent on ellipticity or rotation in MO imaging is presented.
Automated Titration in a Recirculating Water System (2018)

Titration is a quantitative method for determining an unknown property (typically concentration) of an analyte. In a recirculating water system, the reagent is returned to the system, and in many circumstances it is desirable to ensure that the quantity of reagent is minimized. We describe an automated instrument for executing titrations in flowing streams that is well suited to recirculating water systems.
Boron nitride nanotube-functionalised myoblast/microfibre constructs: a nanotech-assisted tissue-engineered platform for muscle stimulation (2014)

In this communication, we introduce boron nitride nanotube (BNNT)-functionalised muscle cell/microfibre mesh constructs, obtained via tissue engineering, as a three-dimensional (3D) platform to study a wireless stimulation system for electrically responsive cells and tissues. Our stimulation strategy exploits the piezoelectric behaviour of some classes of ceramic nanoparticles, such as BNNTs, able to polarize under mechanical stress, e.g. using low-frequency ultrasound (US). In the microfibre scaffolds, C2C12 myoblasts were able to differentiate into viable myotubes and to internalize BNNTs, also upon US irradiation, so as to obtain a nanotech-assisted 3D in vitro model. We then tested our stimulatory system on 2D and 3D cellular models by investigating the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), as a molecule involved in cell crosstalk and mechanotransduction, and myosin, as a myogenic differentiation marker. Cx43 gene expression revealed a marked model dependency. In control samples (without US and/or BNNTs), Cx43 was upregulated under 2D culture conditions (10.78 ± 1.05-fold difference). Interactions with BNNTs increased Cx43 expression in 3D samples. Cx43 mRNA dropped in 2D under the 'BNNTs + US' regimen, while it was best enhanced in 3D samples (3.58 ± 1.05 vs 13.74 ± 1.42-fold difference, p = 0.0001). At the protein level, the maximal expressions of Cx43 and myosin were detected in the 3D model. In contrast with the 3D model, in 2D cultures, BNNTs and US exerted a synergistic depletive effect upon myosin synthesis. These findings indicate that model dimensionality and stimulatory regimens can strongly affect the responses of signalling and differentiation molecules, proving the importance of developing proper in vitro platforms for biological modelling.
Thermal analysis of GaN‐based laser diode package (2006)

Abstract This paper reports on the thermal behavior of GaN‐based laser diode (LD) package as functions of cool‐ing systems, die attaching materials, and chip loading conditions. Thermal resistance and junction tem‐perature was determined by electrical‐thermal transient method. Significant change of thermal resistance with input current was observed under natural cooling condition due to the sensitive change of heat trans‐fer coefficient ( h ) with temperature. Employment of PbSn as a die attachment was more advantageous over Ag‐paste in thermal behavior of LD package. Compare the thermal resistance of LD packages epi‐down and epi‐up structures. The partial thermal resistance from junction to submount is 4.68 K/W for epi‐down structure, and 9.65 K/W to epi‐up structure. The results demonstrate that the total thermal resistance of LD package be controlled mainly by the packaging design rather than the chip structure itself. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design, Fabrication, Digital: Between digital design and digital fabrication (2009)

This paper represents an educational practice aiming at analysis of the link between digital design and digital manufacturing. CFD (conception, fabrication, digitale) is a one week workshop with graduate (master recherche) students of architecture school of Nancy. Having passed the first semester with a focus on modelling principles, computational logics and formal data representation, students are well prepared to apply them all in the process of form generation. The exercise is based on experimenting with new approaches in computational form generation interweaving geometry, aspects of construction and fabrication technologies.