gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional flexural ultrasonic phased array for flow measurement (2017)

Transit-time ultrasonic flow meters, measuring the time difference between upstream and downstream propagation of ultrasonic beams, have been widely utilized to obtain the average velocity of flow in many applications including natural gas flow rate measurement. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the ultrasonic signals frequently suffers from the sound drift effect, and thus, the arrival time detection probability and the range of the measurement are reduced. Moreover, installation-induced errors of the transducers further degrade the measurement accuracy. To solve these problems, transit-time flow measurements based on 2D flexural ultrasonic phased array technology are investigated. With a phased array, the bend of ultrasonic beams can be compensated by electronic and dynamic beam steering, ensuring optimum SNR and a broader range of measurement. In addition, multiple ultrasonic paths can be realized with an array so that the measurement accuracy can be further improved.
Fighting cancer by disrupting C-terminal methylation of signaling proteins (2004)

Protein methylation at the C-terminus of mammalian isoprenylated proteins has been implicated in membrane attachment, protein-protein interactions, and protein stability. A new paper describes surprising results: in the absence of methylation some target proteins have increased stability, whereas others have decreased stability. The decreased stability of the RhoA protein is correlated with an increased resistance to Ras-dependent transformation and suggests the basis for the development of a new approach to antitumor therapy (see the related article beginning on page 539).
[Gut Microbiota and Tumor Immune Microenvironment]. (2021)

Gut microbiota plays a major role in the cancer microenvironment associated with immune checkpoint blockade. Recent developments in gut microbiota research have benefited from technological innovations by next-generation sequencers, and the research has exploded. Therefore, we considered gut microbiota from the viewpoint of antitumor and adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Ferromagnetic insulator Cr2Ge2Te6 thin films with perpendicular remanence (2018)

Ferromagnetic van der Waals (vdW) insulators possess robust magnetic order even in a few layers of two-dimensional sheets. The heterostructures of such vdW materials prepared by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) are one of the ideal platforms for exploration of novel electronic/spintronic functionalities based on their ferromagnetism via an abrupt hetero-interface. Here we report successful MBE-growth of a vdW magnetic insulator Cr2Ge2Te6 thin film on a topological insulator (Bi,Sb)2Te3. Metal to insulator transition is observed in Cr–Ge–Te alloy films with increasing Ge content as tuned by the Ge and Cr flux ratio, corresponding to the structural phase change from Cr2Te3 to Cr2Ge2Te6. In the nearly stoichiometric Cr2Ge2Te6 films, a large remanent magnetization with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy appears in contrast to the bulk crystals with no discernible hysteresis. The perpendicular remanence with high Curie temperature of about 80 K remains in the thinnest 6-nm film prepared in this study. Designing of magnetic vdW heterostructures based on the Cr2Ge2Te6 thin films offers great opportunities for exploring unusual physical phenomena via proximity effect at the vdW hetero-interface.
Safety and enhanced immunostimulatory activity of the DRD2 antagonist ONC201 in advanced solid tumor patients with weekly oral administration (2019)

NCT02250781 (Oral ONC201 in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors), NCT02324621 (Continuation of Oral ONC201 in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors).
A WIRELESSLY CONTROLLED FULLY IMPLANTABLE MICROSYSTEM FOR NANO-LITER RESOLUTION INNER EAR DRUG DELIVERY (2018)

Site-directed and programmable drug delivery systems are important to leverage recent developments in protective and restorative biotherapies. Therapy development in the mouse model system requires advanced nano-liter precision implantable microsystems. Here, an implantable and scalable drug delivery system is presented consisting of a miniaturized, wirelessly controlled phase-change peristaltic micropump and a refillable microreservoir. 3D-printing technology has been used to fabricate the micropump around a microcatheter tubing on the backside of a printed circuit board. In vitro characterization results demonstrate nano-liter resolution control over the desired flow rates of 10-100 nL/min in the presence of backpressure 40 larger than experienced in the physiologic system. In vivo implantation results show consistency with previously published syringe pump results.
The Sirtuin 2 Inhibitor AK-7 Is Neuroprotective in Huntington’s Disease Mouse Models (2012)

Inhibition of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) deacetylase mediates protective effects in cell and invertebrate models of Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease (HD). Here we report the in vivo efficacy of a brain-permeable SIRT2 inhibitor in two genetic mouse models of HD. Compound treatment resulted in improved motor function, extended survival, and reduced brain atrophy and is associated with marked reduction of aggregated mutant huntingtin, a hallmark of HD pathology. Our results provide preclinical validation of SIRT2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for HD and support the further development of SIRT2 inhibitors for testing in humans.
Les facteurs sociaux locaux d'une politique de développement économique local : l'exemple de Coventry (1991)

Dans tous les pays développés atteints par la crise industrielle , les villes, et notamment les grandes villes, ont mis en place plus ou moins précocement des politiques de développement économique local. Coventry en Grande-Bretagne a attendu 1986, soit plus de cinq ans après l'effondrement de son industrie pour agir. L'auteur propose ici une explication de cette lenteur et des modalités de la politique finalement adoptée, non par le rôle des institutions et de la politique nationale, mais par le jeu des acteurs sociaux locaux, leurs rapports, leurs conflits.
3D visualization of HIV transfer at the virological synapse between dendritic cells and T cells (2010)

The efficiency of HIV infection is greatly enhanced when the virus is delivered at conjugates between CD4+ T cells and virus-bearing antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages or dendritic cells via specialized structures known as virological synapses. Using ion abrasion SEM, electron tomography, and superresolution light microscopy, we have analyzed the spatial architecture of cell-cell contacts and distribution of HIV virions at virological synapses formed between mature dendritic cells and T cells. We demonstrate the striking envelopment of T cells by sheet-like membrane extensions derived from mature dendritic cells, resulting in a shielded region for formation of virological synapses. Within the synapse, filopodial extensions emanating from CD4+ T cells make contact with HIV virions sequestered deep within a 3D network of surface-accessible compartments in the dendritic cell. Viruses are detected at the membrane surfaces of both dendritic cells and T cells, but virions are not released passively at the synapse; instead, virus transfer requires the engagement of T-cell CD4 receptors. The relative seclusion of T cells from the extracellular milieu, the burial of the site of HIV transfer, and the receptor-dependent initiation of virion transfer by T cells highlight unique aspects of cell-cell HIV transmission.
Characterization of MOS transistors after TSV fabrication and 3D-assembly (2008)

Room-temperature bonding by means of mechanical caulking to electrically interconnect stacked chips using through-silicon vias can greatly reduce process cost. We have already demonstrated the feasibility of this approach in several test samples. However, in a three-dimensional system-in-package sample containing a commercially available microcomputer unit, we encountered some difficulties in manufacturing TSVs in a high-yield ratio. To overcome these difficulties and thereby achieve high-yield TSV fabrication in our process, we devised a new electrode structure. By connecting the TSVs to internal copper lands formed at the back-end metal layers, we achieved a high-yield TSV fabrication of more than 99 %. To evaluate the impact of the TSV processing and proximity on MOS transistor performance, we measured the drain saturation current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSAT</sub> ) in MOS transistors. The MOS transistors operated successfully without any degradation of performance in both the post-processing of TSVs and the post-assembly by mechanical caulking at room temperature.
Modeling and analysis of traffic characteristics in IEEE 802.11 MAC based networks (2003)

This paper presents an analytic model for characterizing the traffic in wireless networks using IEEE 802.11 as the MAC protocol. The results of this paper are aimed at filling the existing void created by the absence of any accurate models or understanding of wireless traffic, critical for effective performance evaluation. Our results show that the behavior of wireless traffic can vary significantly from the characteristics of traffic in wired networks. We show that the operating mechanism of 802.11 MAC leads to "pacing" in the wireless traffic. Additionally, the interarrival times are best characterized by a multimodal distribution, In sharp contrast to the models used for for wired networks. The analytic model has been verified through extensive simulations and is applicable to both ad hoc and infrastructure based wireless networks.
26.2 A 205mW 32Gb/s 3-Tap FFE/6-tap DFE bidirectional serial link in 22nm CMOS (2014)

Peripheral I/O data-rates for PCs and mobile computing platforms continue to scale to meet high-bandwidth applications including high-resolution displays and large-capacity external storage. The bandwidth requirements will soon exceed the data-rates of current standards such as PCI Express and USB. A low-power low-cost serial link is needed for the next-generation peripheral interface that can scale to 32Gb/s per lane. Recent publications have demonstrated 28 to 32Gb/s rates [1-2]. However, the circuit power and channel characteristics are not suitable for mainstream PC and mobile markets. A low-profile connector and cable assembly prototype is developed for these markets, where the link architecture and design are optimized for the channel characteristics. This paper describes a data-rate-scalable 32Gb/s serial link that features a bidirectional transceiver, source-series terminated (SST) 3-tap FFE, a continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) with an active inductor, a 6-tap DFE, and clock calibration and adaptation circuitry.
Microsporidiosis and Malnutrition in Children with Persistent Diarrhea, Uganda (2008)

We show that the microsporidian fungus Enterocytozoon bieneusi is associated with lower rates of weight gain in children in Uganda with persistent diarrhea. This relationship remained after controlling for HIV and concurrent cryptosporidiosis. Children with microsporidiosis were predicted to weigh 1.3 kg less than children without microsporidiosis at 5 years of age.
Tunable Optical Delay using Quantum Dot VCSEL by Polarization Control (2006)

This study experimentally demonstrates the tunable optical delay using a 1.3 μm quantum dot VCSEL. Tunable optical delays of 42 ps for 10 GHz are achieved by varying the bias current and the signal polarization
A reliable and computationally efficient model for professional gas boilers (2019)

Gas boilers can be integrated into professional ovens for steamcooking processes. Their heat-transfer efficiency depends on several parameters, as exhaust gas temperature, combustion stability, fuel type, excess air. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD henceforth) provides a viable option to assess several digital prototypes of gas boilers under different operation conditions. Short setup-time, low computational cost and close matching with experimental results are key features of a CFD model suitable for the industrial design. We propose a reliable and computationally-efficient CFD model for gas boilers, operating under steady conditions. The model does not take explicitly into account both combustion and water boiling. The accuracy of the proposed model is confirmed by the excellent agreement between experimental measurements of the exhaust gas temperatures and the corresponding numerical results.
1.05-GHz CMOS oscillator based on lateral- field-excited piezoelectric AlN contour- mode MEMS resonators (2010)

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a 1.05-GHz microelectromechanical (MEMS) oscillator based on lateral-field-excited (LFE) piezoelectric AlN contourmode resonators. The oscillator shows a phase noise level of -81 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset frequency and a phase noise floor of -146 dBc/Hz, which satisfies the global system for mobile communications (GSM) requirements for ultra-high frequency (UHF) local oscillators (LO). The circuit was fabricated in the AMI semiconductor (AMIS) 0.5-microm complementary metaloxide- semiconductor (CMOS) process, with the oscillator core consuming only 3.5 mW DC power. The device overall performance has the best figure-of-merit (FoM) when compared with other gigahertz oscillators that are based on film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR), surface acoustic wave (SAW), and CMOS on-chip inductor and capacitor (CMOS LC) technologies. A simple 2-mask process was used to fabricate the LFE AlN resonators operating between 843 MHz and 1.64 GHz with simultaneously high Q (up to 2,200) and kt 2 (up to 1.2%). This process further relaxes manufacturing tolerances and improves yield. All these advantages make these devices suitable for post-CMOS integrated on-chip direct gigahertz frequency synthesis in reconfigurable multiband wireless communications.
Mesoporous iron–titania catalyst for cyclohexane oxidation (2001)

This is the first report of using ultrasound radiation for depositing a nanosized catalyst (iron oxide) into the pores of a mesoporous material (titania); the resulting catalyst is used for the oxidation of cyclohexane under mild conditions.
1H, 13C, 15N NMR coordination shifts in Fe(II), Ru(II) and Os(II) cationic complexes with 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (2011)

(1)H, (13)C and (15)N NMR studies of iron(II), ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) bis-chelated cationic complexes with 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine ([M(terpy)(2) ](2+) ; M = Fe, Ru, Os) were performed. Significant shielding of nitrogen-adjacent H(6) and deshielding of H(3'), H(4') protons were observed, both effects being mostly expressed for Fe(II) compounds. The metal-bonded nitrogens were shielded, this effect being much larger for the outer N(1), N(1″) than the inner N(1') atoms, and enhanced in the Fe(II) → Ru(II) → Os(II) series.
Defective Vav expression and impaired F-actin reorganization in a subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency characterized by T-cell defects (2005)

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immune disorder characterized by impaired antibody production, which is in many instances secondary to defective T-cell function (T-CVID). We have previously identified a subset of patients with T-CVID characterized by defective T-cell receptor (TCR)-dependent protein tyrosine phosphorylation. In these patients, ZAP-70 fails to be recruited to the TCR as the result of impaired CD3zeta phosphorylation, which is, however, not dependent on defective Lck expression or activity. Here we show that neither Fyn nor CD45 is affected in these patients. On the other hand, T-CVID T cells show dramatic defects in the Vav/Rac pathway controlling F-actin dynamics. A significant deficiency in Vav protein was indeed observed; in 3 of 4 patients with T-CVID, it was associated with reduced VAV1 mRNA levels. The impairment in Vav expression correlated with defective F-actin reorganization in response to TCR/CD28 co-engagement. Furthermore, TCR/CD28-dependent up-regulation of lipid rafts at the cell surface, which requires F-actin dynamics, was impaired in these patients. The actin cytoskeleton defect could be reversed by reconstitution of Vav1 expression in the patients' T cells. Results demonstrate an essential role of Vav in human T cells and strongly suggest Vav insufficiency in T-CVID.
Anomalous substrate current in polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (2004)

In this paper, the substrate current of polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors was measured and investigated for the first time. With a typical T-gate patterned structure, an abnormally high substrate current was found while devices were operated under high gate voltage. This is generated from the parasitic tunnelling current between the n+ inversion region and the p+ body region. Under lower gate voltage, a substrate current generated from impact ionization effects is also observed and characterized. After extracting fitting parameters from the device characteristics, a simple physically-based model was established and compared with the measured results. A plausible grain boundary scattering effect was included in the proposed model. Good agreement was found through a wide range of gate bias and various drain bias conditions, verifying the validity of this unified model.
The nonspecific helper effect of mixed lymphocyte reactions on the induction of T cell‐mediated immunity in vitro (1974)

Abstract We compared induction of sensitization in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and in a mouse anti‐fibroblast reaction. Our study demonstrated that induction processes in these two reactions, both known to be T cell‐mediated reactions, are governed by different factors. Moreover, these two reactions interact with each other and this interaction is manifested by the ability of a MLR occurring during the sensitization phase of the anti‐fibroblast reaction to enhance specific cytolysis measured during the effector phase. This helper effect appears to be immunologically nonspecific, since it can be obtained by the use of third party, antigenically unrelated lymphocytes as stimulator cells in the MLR.
Measurement method of axial ratio using only the reflection coefficient of waveguide circular polarizer (2019)

A circularly polarized feed circuit in a primary radiator of a reflector antenna is often required to have a low axial ratio. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately evaluate the axial ratio. The left- and right-handed circular polarized components are numerically obtained from the complex coefficients measured for dual linear polarized waves. The transmission phase measurement is difficult to measure accurately, particularly at high frequencies such as Ka band. Authors proposed a method to measure the axial ratio of the circular polarization feeding circuit from the reflection coefficient only, and the proposed method has been validated by the numerical simulation.
Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Transport in Cultured Fibroblasts from Normal and Noninsulin-Dependent (Type II) Diabetic Human Subjects* (1982)

We have studied the effects of insulin on glucose transport in cultured fibroblasts obtained from six normal subjects and six patients with type II or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Initial rates of glucose transport were determined by measurement of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake. In both normal and diabetic fibroblasts, insulin stimulated the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal level of insulin stimulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake (approximately 35% over basal uptake values) and the half-maximally effective insulin concentration (approximately 1 nM) were essentially the same for both the normal and diabetic fibroblasts. Furthermore, the absolute basal and maximally insulin-stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake values were also the same. These results demonstrate that cultured fibroblasts from patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have normal basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport capacities. Thus, the postreceptor defects in the glucose transport system previously demonstrated in vivo and in freshly isolated adipocytes from type II diabetic patients are most likely due to in vivo environmental factors rather than to an intrinsic (genetic) cellular defect(s).
Low‐Energy System Issues (2003)

This chapter includes the following topics: Low-Swing Circuit Techniques Clock Gating Dual-Edge Triggering Glitch Robust Design
Production of high levels of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate in plastids of Camelina sativa seeds (2014)

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production in plastids of Camelina sativa seeds was investigated by comparing levels of polymer produced upon transformation of plants with five different binary vectors containing combinations of five seed-specific promoters for expression of transgenes. Genes encoding PHB biosynthetic enzymes were modified at the N-terminus to encode a plastid targeting signal. PHB levels of up to 15% of the mature seed weight were measured in single sacrificed T1 seeds with a genetic construct containing the oleosin and glycinin promoters. A more detailed analysis of the PHB production potential of two of the best performing binary vectors in a Camelina line bred for larger seed size yielded lines containing up to 15% polymer in mature T2 seeds. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of distinct granules of PHB in the seeds. PHB production had varying effects on germination, emergence and survival of seedlings. Once true leaves formed, plants grew normally and were able to set seeds. PHB synthesis lowered the total oil but not the protein content of engineered seeds. A change in the oil fatty acid profile was also observed. High molecular weight polymer was produced with weight-averaged molecular weights varying between 600 000 and 1 500 000, depending on the line. Select lines were advanced to later generations yielding a line with 13.7% PHB in T4 seeds. The levels of polymer produced in this study are the highest reported to date in a seed and are an important step forward for commercializing an oilseed-based platform for PHB production.