gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes via Ethanol Chemical Vapor Deposition for the Synthesis of Gas Chromatography Columns (2010)

The synthesis of the gas chromatography stationary phase by molecular self-assembly of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via a novel ethanol chemical vapor deposition process is presented. A major advantage is that ethanol was found to be an excellent carbon source that generated highly pure multiwalled carbon nanotubes with very little nontubular carbon impurities. The nanotubes were not vertically aligned but lay flat out on the column surface in a randomly distributed configuration. The CNT phase was able to separate a wide range of organic compounds with diverse polarity and volatility, where the number of plates per meter ranged from 900 to 1280. It also showed classical chromatographic behavior and good precision.
Data Processing with FPGAs on Modern Architectures (2023)

Trends in hardware, the prevalence of the cloud, and the rise of highly demanding applications have ushered an era of specialization that is quickly changing the way data is processed at scale. These changes are likely to continue and accelerate in the next years as new technologies are adopted and deployed: smart NICs, smart storage, smart memory, disaggregated storage, disaggregated memory, specialized accelerators (GPUS, TPUs, FPGAs), as well as a wealth of ASICS specifically created to deal with computationally expensive tasks (e.g., cryptography or compression). In this tutorial we focus on data processing on FPGAs, a technology that has received less attention than, e.g., TPUs or GPUs but that is, however, increasingly being deployed in the cloud for data processing tasks due to the architectural flexibility of FPGAs and their ability to process data at line rate, something not possible with other type of processors or accelerators. In the tutorial we will cover what are FPGAs, their characteristics, their advantages and disadvantages over other design options, as well as examples from deployments in industry and how they are used in a variety of data processing tasks. Then we will provide a brief introduction to FPGA programming with High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools as well as briefly describe resources available to researchers in the form of academic clusters and open source systems that simplify the first steps. The tutorial will also include several case studies borrowed from research done in collaboration with companies that illustrate both the potential of FPGAs in data processing but also how software and hardware architectures are evolving to take advantage of the possibilities offered by FPGAs.
Extracting Axial Depth and Trajectory Trend Using Astigmatism, Gaussian Fitting, and CNNs for Protein Tracking (2020)

Accurate analysis of vesicle trafficking in live cells is challenging for a number of reasons: varying appearance, complex protein movement patterns, and imaging conditions. To allow fast image acquisition, we study how employing an astigmatism can be utilized for obtaining additional information that could make tracking more robust. We present two approaches for measuring the z position of individual vesicles. Firstly, Gaussian curve fitting with CNN-based denoising is applied to infer the absolute depth around the focal plane of each localized protein. We demonstrate that adding denoising yields more accurate estimation of depth while preserving the overall structure of the localized proteins. Secondly, we investigate if we can predict using a custom CNN architecture the axial trajectory trend. We demonstrate that this method performs well on calibration beads data without the need for denoising. By incorporating the obtained depth information into a trajectory analysis, we demonstrate the potential improvement in vesicle tracking.
Materiales laminares pilareados: preparación y propiedades (1999)

The structure of several types of layered materials will be described. These include clays, layered double hydroxides, group IV metal phosphates and other layered materials. The preparation of the pillared materials and pillaring agents will be presented along with a description of the properties and applications of the products.
Supplementary Movie S8 from Plk1 Inhibitors and Abiraterone Synergistically Disrupt Mitosis and Kill Cancer Cells of Disparate Origin Independently of Androgen Receptor Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Example of mitotic arrest and cell death caused by abiraterone and onvansertib&lt;/p&gt;
Robust synchronization for OFDM employing Zadoff-Chu sequence (2012)

Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences have been proposed for time synchronization of OFDM systems due to their ideal correlation properties. In this paper, we examine the performance of ZC sequence based time synchronization in the presence of large carrier frequency offsets (CFOs). We show that the performance of synchronization in the presence of integer frequency offsets (IFOs), is dependent on the root index of the ZC sequence and some sequences may fail entirely in the presence of IFOs. We develop the conditions to choose such root indices for which inter symbol interference can be avoided for a given maximum IFO. We then design a preamble based on the selected ZC sequences to perform timing synchronization as well as IFO estimation. We also propose a scheme to further enhance the performance of time synchronization through the estimated IFOs. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated through simulation results.
Fig. S1 from Small-Molecule–Mediated Stabilization of PP2A Modulates the Homologous Recombination Pathway and Potentiates DNA Damage-Induced Cell Death (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig. S1&lt;/p&gt;
Elliptically polarized terahertz emission from a femtosecond laser filament in air (2008)

We diagnosed the polarization characteristics of Terahertz (THz) emission from a femtosecond laser filament in air in the forward direction by using a wire grid polarizer and E-O sampling technique. The experimental results have demonstrated that the investigated THz pulse is elliptical polarized. It indicates that there is a new generation mechanism for THz emission from a laser filament other than the transition-Cherenkov radiation which is radially polarized. The generation mechanism could be through four-wave optical rectification or second-order optical rectification inside the filament due to the spatial asymmetry of the generated plasma column in the experiment.
Author Correction: Optimization of Molecules via Deep Reinforcement Learning (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Human Antibodies to Bacterial Superantigens and Their Ability To Inhibit T-Cell Activation and Lethality (2001)

Bacterial superantigens (BSAgs) cause massive stimulation of the immune system and are associated with various pathologies and diseases. To address the role of antibodies in protection against BSAgs, we screened the sera of 29 human volunteers for antibodies to the SAgs staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, SEC1, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). Although all volunteers had detectable levels of antibodies against SEB and SEC1, many (9 out of 29 volunteers) lacked detectable antibody to SEA or had minimal titers. Antibody titers to TSST-1 were well below those to SEB and SEC1, and three volunteers lacked detectable antibody to this BSAg. In addition, pooled immunoglobulin preparations obtained from different companies had antibody titers against SEs and TSST-1. There was a good correlation between antibody titers and inhibition of superantigenic effects of these toxins. Transfer of SEB-specific antibodies, obtained from pooled sera, suppressed in vitro T-cell proliferation and totally protected mice against SEB. These data suggest that the inhibitory activity of human sera was specific to antibodies directed against the toxins. Thus, it may be possible to counteract with specific antibodies BSAg-associated pathologies caused by stimulation of the immune system.
Highly Accelerated T1-Weighted Abdominal Imaging Using 2-Dimensional Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging Results in Higher Acceleration (2013)

The CAIPRINHA-VIBE with an acceleration factor of R = 2 × 2 is feasible in a clinical setting and is characterized by fast and robust imaging with an image quality comparable with a 2-fold acceleration with GRAPPA.
“Fatigue-Crack Propagation Behavior in Microcapsule-Containing Self-Healing Polymeric Networks” (2022)

Over the last years, research on the design of dental self-healing polymers has grown dramatically. It is related to the promising potential of maximizing the clinical lifespan of dental restorations that this strategy holds. In this manuscript, the microcapsule-based strategy is innovated by incorporating the high toughness component N,<i>N</i>-Dimethylacrylamide (DMAM) into the healing agent systems and analyzing in-depth the change in crack propagation behavior induced by the addition of microcapsules into the highly crosslinked polymeric network. In general, the addition of the hydrophilic and high vapor pressure DMAM into the healing agent systems imposed a challenge for the microencapsulation, which highlighted the importance of tailoring the properties of the capsules' shells according to the core composition. The addition of DMAM as cushioning agent proved to be a successful strategy since it resulted in increased G'/G" crossover time from 0.06 (control) to 0.57 s and decreased storage modulus from 8.0 (control) to 0.5GPa. In addition, the incorporation of microcapsules within the polymerized networks provided obstacles to crack propagation, which translated to an overall reinforcement of the polymeric network, as evidenced by the increase in toughness up to 50 % and energy required to propagate cracks up to 100 % in systems containing DMAM at 20 wt%.
Inhibition of Estrogen-Mediated Mammary Tumorigenesis by Blueberry and Black Raspberry (2012)

We previously demonstrated the protective effects of blueberry (BB) and black raspberry (BRB) supplemented at 2.5% dose in an ACI rat mammary tumor model. Here, we assessed a dose-related alteration in tumor indices with diet supplemented with 5% BB or BRB powder. The diet was well tolerated. Tumor palpation from 12 weeks revealed first tumor appearance by 84 days in the control group, that was delayed by 24 and 39 days with the BB and BRB diets, respectively (p = 0.04). Ellagic acid detected in the plasma of rats fed the BRB diet was in the range of 96.6-294.2 ng/mL. While the BB diet showed better efficacy in reducing mammary tissue proliferation and tumor burden, tumor latency was delayed efficiently by BRB. Furthermore, BB was effective in downregulating CYP1A1 expression, while BRB downregulated ERα expression effectively. Distinct anticarcinogenic effects of the two berries correspond to their distinct phytochemical signatures.
An approach to 4th generation wireless infrastructures-scenarios and key research issues (2003)

Studying the feasibility and viability of various future infrastructure architectures and potential road-maps of their deployment is the focus of the 4th Generation Wireless Infrastructures (4GW) project within the strategic Personal Computing and Communication (PCC) program (Molin 1998). In attempting to realize the PCC vision "mobile multimedia to all at today's prices for fixed telephony", a difficult problem arises. In contrast to the process of solving engineering and business problems in current or imminent wireless systems, where system concepts, requirements and markets are reasonably well known, very little is known about these things over a 10 year horizon. The approach used in the project to tackle this problem, is to use various scenario techniques. Plausible scenarios which describe the telecommunication scene in 2010 and which are used to determine potential technological and other bottlenecks in order to find key areas for research in this field are a very important element in these studies. Some of these scenarios are presented in this paper, together with some implications regarding bottlenecks and key research issues. The results are presented in terms of working assumptions (WAs) used with the project. The WAs are also proposed to provide a framework for interrelating different research activities within PCC.
Editorial IEEE Transactions on Multimedia Special Section on Video Analytics: Challenges, Algorithms, and Applications (2018)

The papers in this special section focus on the topic of video analytics. Also known as video content analysis, video analytics refer to the capability of automatically analyzing video to extract knowledge/information and detect and determine temporal and spatial events. The algorithms designed for these analytics can be implemented as software on general-purpose machines, or as hardware in specialized video processing units. Video analytics is still an emerging technology with techniques that are continuously being developed to help make widespread implementation feasible in the years ahead. Such analytics has been typically used in semantic categorization and retrieval of video databases. A goal of this special issue is to focus on video analytics beyond categorization and retrieval. With increasing hardware capability and advances in algorithms used, real-time video analytics is now being used in a wide range of domains including entertainment, health-care, retail, automotive, transport, home automation, emotion analysis, aesthetics, inappropriate content detection, safety and security. For instance, video analytics are increasingly being deployed for real-time alerts in situation monitoring systems such as traffic surveillance (vehicle counting), counting people in lines (some hospitals are using this to get more nurses from a less busy department to serve thewaiting patients) and in manufacturing (for monitoring and counting). From the sensing aspect, 3-D cameras such as RGB-D and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) cameras are becoming more and more affordable, enabling additional areas of research and applications, such as self-driving cars employing video analytics on LiDAR captured data for path planning as well as obstacle detection.
Versatile Polarization Generation with an Aluminum Plasmonic Metasurface (2016)

All forms of light manipulation rely on light-matter interaction, the primary mechanism of which is the modulation of its electromagnetic fields by the localized electromagnetic fields of atoms. One of the important factors that influence the strength of interaction is the polarization of the electromagnetic field. The generation and manipulation of light polarization have been traditionally accomplished with bulky optical components such as waveplates, polarizers, and polarization beam splitters that are optically thick. The miniaturization of these devices is highly desirable for the development of a new class of compact, flat, and broadband optical components that can be integrated together on a single photonics chip. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, a reflective metasurface polarization generator (MPG) capable of producing light beams of any polarizations all from a linearly polarized light source with a single optically thin chip. Six polarization light beams are achieved simultaneously including four linear polarizations along different directions and two circular polarizations, all conveniently separated into different reflection angles. With the Pancharatnam-Berry phase-modulation method, the MPG sample was fabricated with aluminum as the plasmonic metal instead of the conventional gold or silver, which allowed for its broadband operation covering the entire visible spectrum. The versatility and compactness of the MPG capable of transforming any incident wave into light beams of arbitrary polarizations over a broad spectral range are an important step forward in achieving a complete set of flat optics for integrated photonics with far-reaching applications.
Metallic and Ceramic Materials Research. Task Order 0005: Metallic, Materials, Methods, Characterization and Testing Research (2015)

Abstract : This final report details progress made on various topics related to advanced metallic and advanced metallic composites. In this program, the work covered the material needs for enabling a variety of missions including access to space and hypersonic flight for global access and meeting the continuing demand for higher performance, more efficient jet engines. The focus areas covered a broad range of technologies comprising thermal protection materials, fiber lasers for directed energy, Integrated Computational Materials Science and Engineering (ICMSE), superalloy development, hybrid disks, hot structures for hypersonics, functional materials for energy needs, and nanoenergetic materials for munitions needs. This report will cover three categories of research: advanced ceramics/composites, advanced metals, and functional metals. Much of this research has been published elsewhere in the open literature as journal articles and papers, and is referenced in the text.
Components, concepts, and technologies for useful video rate THz imaging (2012)

The recent arrival of TeraHertz large format focal plane arrays has opened the door for numerous applications not previously available for this exciting technology. Video-rate imaging is now a reality and little or no scanning is required. INO has a proven microbolometer based focal plane array that shows good sensitivity over a large THz bandwidth and videos have been successfully acquired of objects hidden behind barrier materials. While these videos successfully proved the real-time capabilities of the INO imager, the quality of the images required substantial system level improvement to be useful for detection and identification purposes in various applications. To this end, INO has designed and fabricated optical components for its active imaging set-up that allows for superior quality real-time images. This paper discusses the concepts and techniques used to create these components. A comparison of images taken using the same THz camera with and without these innovative techniques is presented. In addition, as stand-off detection and imaging is the ultimate objective, an analysis of the atmospheric attenuation over the THz wavelength region is also discussed.
Method for Recovery and Immunoaffinity Enrichment of Membrane Proteins Illustrated with Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Tissues (2012)

Integral membrane proteins play key biological roles in cell signaling, transport, and pathogen invasion. However, quantitative clinical assays for this critical class of proteins remain elusive and are generally limited to serum-soluble extracellular fragments. Furthermore, classic proteomic approaches to membrane protein analysis typically involve proteolytic digestion of the soluble pieces, resulting in separation of intra- and extracellular segments and significant informational loss. In this paper, we describe the development of a new method for the quantitative extraction of intact integral membrane proteins (including GPCRs) from solid metastatic ovarian tumors using pressure cycling technology in combination with a new (ProteoSolve-TD) buffer system. This new extraction buffer is compatible with immunoaffinity methods (e.g., ELISA and immunoaffinity chromatography), as well as conventional proteomic techniques (e.g., 2D gels, western blots). We demonstrate near quantitative recovery of membrane proteins EDG2, EDG4, FASLG, KDR, and LAMP-3 by western blots. We have also adapted commercial ELISAs for serum-soluble membrane protein fragments (e.g., sVEGFR2) to measure the tissue titers of their transmembrane progenitors. Finally, we demonstrate the compatibility of the new buffers with immunoaffinity enrichment/mass spectrometric characterization of tissue proteins.
FDG PET/CT Scan and Functional Adrenal Tumors: A Pilot Study for Lateralization (2015)

Differential 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake was observed in patients with nonfunctioning, aldosterone-hypersecreting, and cortisol-secreting masses. GLUT3 overexpression in cortisol-secreting tumor likely accounts for the differential uptake. Future larger cohort studies will need to be conducted to determine if 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake can lateralize cortisol-secreting adrenal masses in patients with bilateral adrenal masses.
Isolation and characterization of antagonistic fungi against potato scab pathogens from potato field soils (2010)

Potato scab is a serious plant disease caused by several Streptomyces sp., and effective control methods remain unavailable. Although antagonistic bacteria and phages against potato scab pathogens have been reported, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information about fungi that are antagonistic to the pathogens. The aim of this study was to isolate fungal antagonists, characterize their phylogenetic positions, determine their antagonistic activities against potato scab pathogens, and highlight their potential use as control agents under lower pH conditions. Fifteen fungal stains isolated from potato field soils were found to have antagonistic activity against three well-known potato scab pathogens: Streptomyces scabiei, Streptomyces acidiscabiei, and Streptomyces turgidiscabiei. These 15 fungal strains were phylogenetically classified into at least six orders and nine genera based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. These fungal isolates were related to members of the genera Penicillium, Eupenicillium, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Mortierella, Kionochaeta, Pseudogymnoascus, and Lecythophora. The antagonistic activities of most of the fungal isolates were highly strengthened under the lower pH conditions, suggesting the advantage of combining their use with a traditional method such as soil acidification. This is the first report to demonstrate that phylogenetically diverse fungi show antagonistic activity against major potato scab pathogens. These fungal strains could be used as potential agents to control potato scab disease.
Durable and dynamic hTERT immune responses following vaccination with the long-peptide cancer vaccine UV1: long-term follow-up of three phase I clinical trials (2022)

Long-term immunomonitoring of patients showed highly dynamic and persistent telomerase peptide-specific immune responses lasting up to 7.5 years after the initial vaccination, suggesting a plausible functional role of these T cells in long-term survivors. The superior immune response kinetics observed in the melanoma study substantiate the rationale for future combinatorial treatment strategies with UV1 vaccination and checkpoint inhibition for rapid and frequent induction of anti-telomerase immune responses in patients with cancer.
Silicon photonic wire circuits for on-chip optical interconnects (2008)

The continued scaling of power performance in electronic hardware for high-performance computing is rapidly being
limited due to the large power consumption and restricted throughput of traditional electrical interconnects. One possible
solution is to replace conventional global interconnects with a CMOS compatible intra-chip optical network, based on
Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) photonic integrated circuits. While the bandwidth and power consumption advantages of SOI
optical interconnects are potentially immense, ensuring the performance of chip-scale networks places stringent
requirements upon the control of the manufacturing process, and its influence upon the operation of individual optical
components. I will present recent work on the design, fabrication, and demonstration of various passive and electrooptic
devices required for high speed optical interconnect applications, including high-order optical filters and modulators.
Various aspects of the CMOS compatible fabrication process used at IBM Research for manufacturing SOI photonic
wire circuits will be discussed, including waveguide loss, surface roughness, device dimensions, and microresonator
frequency uniformity.