gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Characterization, and Implementation of Lightwieght and Energy-Efficient Electroadhesive Clutches for Robotics (2018)

Despite decades of academic and industry effort, achieving efficient and dynamic movement<br>of robots remains a significant challenge. Many robots, particularly humaniod robots<br>and wearable robots such as exoskeletons and prostheses, are quite limited in their versatility<br>and usefulness because of the force and speed limitations of actuators. Weight and<br>power consumption are particularly important factors in determining the operating range<br>and effectiveness of these devices. Geared electric motors are most commonly used in these<br>applications, but often result in slow, stiff, and halting operation. Other options include hydraulic<br>actuators, pneumatic actuators, electroactive polymer actuators, and shape memory<br>materials, but none of these are able to achieve the combination of high power output, high<br>efficiency, and low weight that would enable dynamic movement of untethered robots.<br>Many proposed solutions to this problem involve using clutches to improve the efficiency<br>and capability of actuation systems. However, conventional clutches such as electromagnetic<br>and magnetorheological clutches are themselves too heavy and power-hungry to be<br>practical. This thesis presents an electroadhesive clutch that has 10£ lower weight and<br>1000£ lower power consumption than conventional clutches. To inform a variety of possible<br>implementations, I extensively characterized the effects of design choices on the holding<br>force, responsiveness, and power consumption of the electroadhesive clutch. Next, I investigated<br>the use of the clutch in a walking assistance exoskeleton, demonstrating the reliability<br>and advantages of the electroadhesive clutch in a challenging robotics application. Finally, I<br>studied the use of electroadhesive clutches to harvest, store, and return mechanical energy<br>with rubber springs, and used multiple of these units in parallel to create a force controllable<br>energy recycling actuator. My aspiration is that the work in this dissertation will<br>lead to improved robotic hardware that enables exciting new capabilities in next generation<br>robotics.
Zeolite Synthesis under Nonconventional Conditions: Reagents, Reactors, andModi Operandi (2020)

A myriad of tetrahedral molecular sieve frameworks, often siliceous, can be calculated in silico. Only a tiny fraction (<0.1%) of these can be synthesized on purpose. Only a small fraction of these available frameworks, mostly those composed of only Si and Al as T atoms, i.e., true zeolites, are used commercially. A gap thus exists between what should be possible (thermodynamically) and what can be produced (kinetically) and used in real life. Even if a synthesis is successful (in industry or academia), flexibility with regard to synthesis parameters—in terms of time, amount of unit operations, OSDA efficiency, etc.—as well as the obtained material properties—in terms of Si/Al ratio, Al distribution, T atom variety, crystal size, etc.—remains limited. These limitations are not surprising, since conventional zeolite syntheses, i.e., hydrothermal synthesis in batch from amorphous or soluble Si and Al sources, have limited degrees of freedom (DOFs). Typically, the type of ingredients, their ratios, a constant temperature, the synthesis time, and the absence or presence of agitation are varied. In order to take new steps toward more cost-competitive syntheses, and more importantly zeolites with a greater flexibility in terms of structural properties, this Review highlights all DOFs that can be introduced in addition to or on top of the conventional way of synthesis. By doing this, a distinction is made between nonconventional DOFs that influence the chemistry of the system (e.g., interzeolite conversion, charge density mismatch, ionothermal or free-radical assisted synthesis) and nonconventional DOFs that influence the physical environment (e.g., ultrasounds, alternative energy via microwaves, or continuous setups). The Review concludes with learnings, practical insights, and future opportunities. In other words, which zeolite synthesis strategies really make a difference and which ones are just tweaking around the edges?
Retroviruses in Neoplasia Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (1985)

Some advances in retrovirus research are summarized, with emphasis, on the correlation between oncogenes and cellular genes governing proliferation and differentiation. The significance of these recent findings for the understanding of neoplastic and normal developmental processes is briefly discussed.
Battery Cell Identification and SOC Estimation Using String Terminal Voltage Measurements (2012)

A battery system consists of many battery cells or modules that may have different characteristics. To achieve reliable, efficient, and extended utilization of battery systems, the battery management system (BMS) must keep track of individual cell-level dynamics, state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), failure status, and life-expectancy prediction. Current battery technology employs cell or module-level voltage sensors, with high costs for sensors and packaging, and substantial reliability issues. This paper introduces new methods that utilize existing cell-balancing circuits to estimate an individual cell's voltage and current from battery string terminal voltage/current measurements. This is achieved by actively controlling balancing circuits to create partial observability for battery cell subsystems. Control strategies, estimation algorithms, and their key properties are developed. Some typical battery model structures are used to illustrate the usage of the methods.
Thermodynamics of DNA duplexes with adjacent G.cntdot.A mismatches (1991)

The sequence 5'-d(ATGAGCGAAT) forms a very stable self-complementary duplex with four G.A mismatch base pairs (underlined) out of ten total base pairs [Li et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 26-30]. The conformation is in the general B-family and is stabilized by base-pair hydrogen bonding of an unusual type, by favorable base dipole orientations, and by extensive purine-purine stacking at the mismatched sites. We have synthesized 13 decamers with systematic variations in the sequence above to determine how the flanking sequences, the number of G.A mismatches, and the mismatch sequence order (5'-GA-3' or 5'-AG-3') affect the duplex stability. Changing A.T to G.C base pairs in sequences flanking the mismatches stabilizes the duplexes, but only to the extent observed with B-form DNA. The sequence 5'-pyrimidine-GA-purine-3', however, is considerably more stable than 5'-purine-GA-pyrimidine-3'. The most stable sequences with two pairs of adjacent G.A mismatches have thermodynamic parameters for duplex formation that are comparable to those for fully Watson-Crick base-paired duplexes. Similar sequences with single G.A pairs are much less stable than sequences with adjacent G.A mismatches. Reversing the mismatch order from 5'-GA-3' to 5'-AG-3' results in an oligomer that does not form a duplex. These results agree with predictions from the model derived from NMR and molecular mechanics and indicate that the sequence 5'-pyrimidine-GA-purine-3' forms a stable conformational unit that fits quite well into a B-form double helix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The role of costimulatory molecules as targets for new immunosuppressives in transplantation (2000)

T-cell costimulation is critical for all T-cell-mediated immune responses that are responsible for endpoints such as allograft rejection or autoimmune disease. Recent experimental data elucidate specific pathways for T-cell activation and negative regulatory mechanisms via unique costimulatory molecules. These data have implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent graft rejection and improve long-term graft survival in transplant patients, and to treat autoimmune diseases in humans.
Synthesis for industrial-scale analog intellectual property (2005)

Analog synthesis tools have traditionally traded quality for speed, substituting simplified circuit evaluation methods for full simulation to accelerate the numerical search for solution candidates. I will argue that this is no longer an acceptable tradeoff: for a synthesis strategy to have practical impact, it must use a simulator-based evaluation engine identical to that used to validate ordinary manual designs. Put more bluntly: to trust a synthesis result, you must first trust the methods used during synthesis to measure that your circuit really works. Prior analog synthesis work fails here. Simulation-based synthesis, however, poses significant challenges. Commercial simulators are not designed to be invoked 50,000 times in any optimizer loop. I will describe a synthesis methodology and new global search algorithms that are efficient enough to allow full circuit simulation of each solution candidate, yet robust enough to find good solutions for difficult circuits. Finally, to counter the criticism that analog synthesis can never scale to cope with the complexity of industrial designs, I will show how the use of appropriate macromodeling techniques allows us to attack complex analog blocks. I will describe how we resynthesized from scratch, in several different styles, the equalizer/filter block from the frontend of Texas Instrument's production ADSL CODEC [Hester et al, ISSCC99] and verified that our designs matched TI's original specifications. This is the largest manualvs-synthetic controlled experiment ever undertaken with a state-of-the-art design. Coupled with emerging commercial tools for analog physical synthesis, I will argue that we are finally able to consider synthesis of nontrivial blocks of analog IP. Proceedings of theThird NASA/DoD Workshop on Evolvable Hardware (EH01) 0-7695-1180-5/01 $10.00 © 2001 IEEE
PDCT-06. PHASE 1 STUDY OF ONC201 IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH H3 K27M-MUTANT HIGH GRADE GLIOMA OR NEWLY DIAGNOSED DIPG (2018)

The imipridone ONC201 is the first selective antagonist of DRD2 for clinical oncology. Several Phase 1, Phase 1/2 and Phase 2 studies in patients with advanced cancers have established the single agent recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 625mg ONC201 administered orally once a week in adults. ONC201 induces p53-independent apoptosis in newly diagnosed and recurrent high-grade glioma in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Furthermore, radiographic regressions in adult recurrent H3 K27M-mutant glioblastoma patients in response to single agent ONC201 have been reported. Based on this adult experience and complementary preclinical results demonstrating the increased susceptibility of H3 K27M-mutant gliomas to ONC201, we initiated the first Phase 1 pediatric clinical trial of ONC201 January 30, 2018. This trial will determine the safety and RP2D of ONC201 in pediatric post-radiation H3 K27M-mutant glioma patients as a single agent and in newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) patients in combination with radiation (NCT03416530). Patients without known H3 K27M-mutation status by a CLIA-lab can enroll with commitment to post-term biopsy. This is a multicenter, open-label, 2 arm, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study. Ten children with H3 K27M-mutant gliomas ages 5–18 years have been treated post-radiation: 3 at dose level 1; 3 at dose level 2; 4 as part of the dose expansion cohort on dose level 2. Patients have received 2–12 doses (median= 5). The ONC201 has been tolerated very well. Grade III/IV events include: decreased neutrophil count grade III (n=1) spontaneously resolved without dose modification and elevated AST grade III (n=1) returned to grade II after holding 1 dose. Additional safety data as well as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and progression-free survival results from this trial will be reported.
HIT Cell with p+ Epi/Poly-Silicon Intentionally Doped Emitter in Crystalline Silicon Substrate (2016)

A modification is proposed to the standard HIT cell structure in which the interfacial inversion layer at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface is prone to collapse. It consists of substituting the p+ inversion layer emitter by a very shallow p+ doped layer at the surface of the c-Si prior to a-Si:H deposition. This layer could be created by p+ epitaxial growth, p+ recrystallized polysilicon, or simply by front p+ thermal diffusion. The aim is to maintain a permanent p+ emitter irrespective of the conditions of a-Si:H and cell voltage, and hence to avoid the problems encountered with the collapse of the inversion layer associated to the a-Si:H quality, TCO and operating conditions. Simulations are carried out using Silvaco tools and AFORS-HET device simulators to determine and compare the I-V characteristics of standard HIT cells suffering from inversion layer collapse, and those of similar structures implementing the proposed modification, with the characteristics of a standard well performing reference HIT cell. Restitution of the normal I-V characteristics in the dark and under illumination after applying the proposed modification is confirmed.
Energy-efficient three-phase task scheduling heuristic for supporting distributed applications in cyber-physical systems (2012)

Cyber physical systems (CPS) have recently emerged as a promising approach to improve the synergy between physical and virtual worlds. CPS applications can be built on top of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) exploiting the physical information collected by them to bridge real and cyber realms. In this paper, we investigated the emerging problem of how to schedule multiple applications onto cyber-physical systems encompassed of multiple WSNs, while meeting demands of these applications. Our goal is to find out an optimal scheduling scheme for each application so that: (i) it minimizes the overall energy consumption, (ii) it meets the application's deadline, (iii) it provides the required data accuracy to applications, and (iv) it balances the workload of the system. To achieve such goals, we developed a polynomial-time three phase task scheduling heuristic, named HTPTS. Experimental results show that the time and energy performance of HTPTS are close to the time and energy of the benchmark in most of the cases, while load balance is satisfied.
Comparison of Ranibizumab With or Without Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01846273.
A self‐similar sine–cosine fractal architecture for multiport interferometers (2023)

Multiport interferometers based on integrated beamsplitter meshes have recently captured interest as a platform for many emerging technologies. In this paper, we present a novel architecture for multiport interferometers based on the sine-cosine fractal decomposition of a unitary matrix. Our architecture is unique in that it is self-similar, enabling the construction of modular multi-chiplet devices. Due to this modularity, our design enjoys improved resilience to hardware imperfections as compared to conventional multiport interferometers. Additionally, the structure of our circuit enables systematic truncation, which is key in reducing the hardware footprint of the chip as well as compute time in training optical neural networks, while maintaining full connectivity. Numerical simulations show that truncation of these meshes gives robust performance even under large fabrication errors. This design is a step forward in the construction of large-scale programmable photonics, removing a major hurdle in scaling up to practical machine learning and quantum computing applications.
Age of onset of hypertension and risk of dementia in the oldest‐old: The 90+ Study (2017)

Developing hypertension at older ages may protect against dementia. Understanding the mechanisms for this lower risk is important for determining ways to prevent dementia in the very elderly.
Rapid diagnostics of an ASIC IP block using dynamic laser scanning (2005)

Recently a powerful class of failure analysis techniques based on dynamic laser stimulation (DLS) of operating ICs has been developed. DLS techniques include soft-defect localization (SDL), in which a 1.3/spl mu/m laser locally heats the device, and laser-assisted device alteration (LADA), in which a 1.06 /spl mu/m laser injects photocurrent. In this paper we report the use of DLS to locate a marginal circuit in an IP memory block on an advanced graphics ASIC with 0.11 /spl mu/m technology.
The perilipin‐like PPE15 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for triacylglycerol accumulation under dormancy‐inducing conditions (2016)

First published: 21 June 2016 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13422 This article corrects: The perilipin-like PPE15 protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for triacylglycerol accumulation under dormancy-inducing conditions Volume 101, Issue 5, 784–794, article first published online 21 June 2016 In Daniel et al., under “Discussion” on page 791, second paragraph in the left side column, the third and fourth sentences, the gene number “Rv2477c” is incorrect. It should be “Rv2744c” instead. The corrected sentences should read as follows: “During the preparation of this manuscript, the discovery of a novel lipid droplet protein (Rv2744c; PspA) that localizes to the surface of lipid droplets in Mycobacterium smegmatis was reported. PspA regulates lipid droplet size and number even though it does not appear to regulate TAG levels. The loss or overproduction of Rv2744c diminishes the persistence of Mtb under anaerobic or starvation conditions in vitro (Armstrong et al., 2016).” We apologize for any inconvenience caused.
Taking the First Steps towards a Standard for Reporting on Phylogenies: Minimum Information about a Phylogenetic Analysis (MIAPA) (2020)

In the eight years since phylogenomics was introduced as the intersection of genomics and phylogenetics, the field has provided fundamental insights into gene function, genome history and organismal relationships. The utility of phylogenomics is growing with the increase in the number and diversity of taxa for which whole genome and large transcriptome sequence sets are being generated. We assert that the synergy between genomic and phylogenetic perspectives in comparative biology would be enhanced by the development and refinement of minimal reporting standards for phylogenetic analyses. Encouraged by the development of the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) standard, we propose a similar roadmap for the development of a Minimal Information About a Phylogenetic Analysis (MIAPA) standard. Key in the successful development and implementation of such a standard will be broad participation by developers of phylogenetic analysis software, phylogenetic database developers, practitioners of phylogenomics, and journal editors.
Robust phase determination in complex solid solutions using diffuse multiple scattering (2023)

A novel methodology is presented for identifying and distinguishing between structural phases in multi-phasic systems, such as piezoelectric materials like PMN-PT [Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub>], PIN-PMN-PT [Pb(In<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub>] and PZT [Pb(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub>], using diffuse multiple scattering and Kossel line diffraction techniques. The method exploits the splitting of triple line intersections from special coplanar reflections combined with logical constraints to generate a splitting fingerprint for robust crystallographic phase determination and discrimination.
Comparison of horseradish peroxidase visualization methods: quantitative results and further technical specifics. (1981)

Four methods used for the neurohistochemical demonstration of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were quantitatively compared by counting retrogradely labeled neurons found after each method was used. HRP used as a retrograde marker is an important neuroanatomical tracing method, and maximum sensitivity in its demonstration of retrogradely, labeled neurons is important if these neuroanatomical studies are to completely demonstrate afferent neurons. The four methods compared were a diaminobenzidine (DAB) procedure, a Hanker-Yates procedure using P-phenylenediamine and pyrocatechol, an o-dianisidine procedure, and a tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) procedure. The TMB procedure resulted in a more complete topography of neurons afferent to the HRP application site, and demonstrated many more neurons in all afferent cell groups that either of the three other procedures. Use of the TMB method was especially critical in the cases of small HRP applications, a size useful for neuroanatomical studies, where the other methods demonstrated very few or no retrogradely labeled neurons. Neurons were judged to be retrogradely HRP labeled if they had small granules of the reaction product (the color varying with the chromogen) describing the somal shape, usually extending into the processes, and a clear nucleus. In addition, after the o-dianisidine or the TMB reaction a small number of retrogradely labeled neurons had soma and processes especially well filled with reaction product, giving the appearance of neurons from Golgi preparations. For a sensitive TMB reaction giving good results, exact H2O2 concentration, freshly prepared solutions, minimal postreaction exposure to alcohol, counterstaining, and clean glassware were each found to be important.
Observation and Analysis of a Non-Uniform Avalanche Phenomenon in 4H-SiC 4°-Off (0001) p-n Diodes Terminated with a Floating-Field Ring (2015)

4H-SiC (0001) p-n diodes terminated with a floating-field ring were found to emit light at breakdown in the opposite direction to that of substrate misorientation when the diodes were fabricated by aluminum implantation and dry-oxidation passivation. Two-dimensional simulation revealed that such non-uniform breakdown was mainly attributable to the asymmetric lateral straggling of implanted aluminum acceptors, rather than the anisotropic nature of the impact ionization coefficient.
A portfolio of products from the rapid terrain visualization interferometric SAR (2007)

The Rapid Terrain Visualization interferometric synthetic aperture radar was designed and built at Sandia National Laboratories as part of an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) to "demonstrate the technologies and infrastructure to meet the Army requirement for rapid generation of digital topographic data to support emerging crisis or contingencies." This sensor was built by Sandia National Laboratories for the Joint Programs Sustainment and Development (JPSD) Project Office to provide highly accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) for military and civilian customers, both inside and outside of the United States. The sensor achieved better than HRTe Level IV position accuracy in near real-time. The system was flown on a deHavilland DHC-7 Army aircraft. This paper presents a collection of images and data products from the Rapid Terrain Visualization interferometric synthetic aperture radar. The imagery includes orthorectified images and DEMs from the RTV interferometric SAR radar.
A surface‐in gradient of thalamic damage evolves in pediatric multiple sclerosis (2019)

Our results suggest that a multiple sclerosis disease-specific surface-in process of damage can manifest at the earliest stages of the disease. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:340-351.