gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tmem16b is Specifically Expressed in the Cilia of Olfactory Sensory Neurons (2010)

Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are involved in many physiological processes, including sensory signal transduction, but only little is known to date about their structure and function. We performed a proteome analysis of the olfactory epithelium (OE) membrane proteome and identified so far uncharacterized membrane proteins as candidate channels. One of the most abundant membrane proteins in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) was Tmem16b, a member of a recently identified family of CaCCs. In addition to former studies performed on Tmem16b, we show here that Tmem16b expression is highly specific for the OE, in contrast to the closely related Tmem16a, which shows a broad expression pattern in secretory epithelial cells. Native Tmem16b is localized in the cilia of the OSNs, which is in agreement with previous electrophysiological recordings.
Automatic Transcription of Multi-Genre Media Archives (2013)

This paper describes some recent results of our collaborative work on developing a speech recognition system for the automatic transcription or media archives from the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Material includes a high diversity of shows with their associated transcriptions. The latter are highly diverse in terms of completeness, reliability and accuracy. First, we investigate how to improve lightly supervised acoustic training when time-stamps information is inaccurate or when speech deviates significantly from the transcription. To address the last issue, word and segment level combination approaches are used between the lightly supervised transcripts and the original programme scripts which yield improved transcriptions. Experimental results show that systems trained using these improved transcriptions consistently outperform those trained using only the original lightly supervised decoding hypotheses. Secondly, we show that the recognition task may benefit from systems trained on a combination of in-domain and out-of-domain data. Working with tandem HMMs, we present Multi-level Adaptive Networks, a novel technique for incorporating information from out-of domain posterior features using deep neural network. We show that it provides a substantial reduction in WER over other systems including PLP baseline, in-domain tandem features and best out-of-domain tandem features.
Correction for Upadhyay et al., Intracranial microcapsule chemotherapy delivery for the localized treatment of rodent metastatic breast adenocarcinoma in the brain (2016)

Correction for “Intracranial microcapsule chemotherapy delivery for the localized treatment of rodent metastatic breast adenocarcinoma in the brain,” by Urvashi M. Upadhyay, Betty Tyler, Yoda Patta, Robert Wicks, Kevin Spencer, Alexander Scott, Byron Masi, Lee Hwang, Rachel Grossman, Michael Cima, Henry Brem, and Robert Langer, which appeared in issue 45, November 11, 2014, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (111:16071–16076; first published October 27, 2014, 10.1073/pnas.1313420110).
Challenge: (2002)

Interoperability among a group of devices, applications, and services is typically predicated on those entities having some degree of prior knowledge of each another. In general, they must be written to understand the type of thing with which they will interact, including the details of communication as well as semantic knowledge such as when and how to communicate. This paper presents a case for "recombinant computing" -- a set of common interaction patterns that leverage mobile code to allow rich interactions among computational entities with only limited a priori knowledge of one another. We have been experimenting with a particular embodiment of these ideas, which we call Speakeasy. It is designed to support ad hoc, end user configurations of hardware and software, and provides patterns for data exchange, user control, discovery of new services and devices, and contextual awareness.
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (2020)

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Polarisation‐Dependent Losses: Issues for Consideration (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Effect of Waveguide Thickness Surface Scattering Loss for Different Waveguide Thickness and Polarisation Polarisation-dependent Coupling Loss Birefringence The Effect of Stress Discussion Conclusion References
K + Channel Mutations in Adrenal Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas and Hereditary Hypertension (2011)

Endocrine tumors such as aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas (APAs), a cause of severe hypertension, feature constitutive hormone production and unrestrained cell proliferation; the mechanisms linking these events are unknown. We identify two recurrent somatic mutations in and near the selectivity filter of the potassium (K(+)) channel KCNJ5 that are present in 8 of 22 human APAs studied. Both produce increased sodium (Na(+)) conductance and cell depolarization, which in adrenal glomerulosa cells produces calcium (Ca(2+)) entry, the signal for aldosterone production and cell proliferation. Similarly, we identify an inherited KCNJ5 mutation that produces increased Na(+) conductance in a Mendelian form of severe aldosteronism and massive bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. These findings explain pathogenesis in a subset of patients with severe hypertension and implicate loss of K(+) channel selectivity in constitutive cell proliferation and hormone production.
Three-Dimensional Ni/TiO2 Nanowire Network for High Areal Capacity Lithium Ion Microbattery Applications (2011)

The areal capacity of nanowire-based microbatteries can be potentially increased by increasing the length of nanowires. However, agglomeration of high aspect ratio nanowire arrays could greatly degrade the performance of nanowires for lithium ion (Li-ion) battery applications. In this work, a three-dimensional (3-D) Ni/TiO(2) nanowire network was successfully fabricated using a 3-D porous anodic alumina (PAA) template-assisted electrodeposition of Ni followed by TiO(2) coating using atomic layer deposition. Compared to the straight Ni/TiO(2) nanowire arrays fabricated using conventional PAA templates, the 3-D Ni/TiO(2) nanowire network shows higher areal discharging capacity. The areal capacity increases proportionally with the length of nanowires. With a stable Ni/TiO(2) nanowire network structure, 100% capacity is retained after 600 cycles. This work paves the way to build reliable 3-D nanostructured electrodes for high areal capacity microbatteries.
The Bioenergetic Status Relates to Dopamine Neuron Loss in Familial PD with PINK1 Mutations (2012)

Mutations in the PINK1 gene cause autosomal recessive familial Parkinson's disease (PD). The gene encodes a mitochondrial protein kinase that plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function and integrity. However, the pathophysiological link between mutation-related bioenergetic deficits and the degenerative process in dopaminergic neurons remains to be elucidated. We performed phosphorous ((31)P) and proton ((1)H) 3-T magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) in 11 members of a German family with hereditary PD due to PINK1 mutations (PARK6) compared to 23 age-matched controls. All family members had prior 18-Fluorodopa (FDOPA) positron emission tomography (PET). The striatal FDOPA uptake was correlated with quantified metabolic brain mapping in MRSI. At group level, the heterozygous PINK1 mutation carriers did not show any MRSI abnormalities relative to controls. In contrast, homozygous individuals with manifest PD had putaminal GPC, PCr, HEP and β-ATP levels well above the 2SD range of controls. Across all subjects, the FDOPA K(i) values correlated positively with MI (r = 0.879, p<0.001) and inversely with β-ATP (r = -0.784, p = 0.008) and GPC concentrations (r = -0.651, p = 0.030) in the putamen. Our combined imaging data suggest that the dopaminergic deficit in this family with PD due to PINK1 mutations relates to osmolyte dysregulation, while the delivery of high energy phosphates was preserved. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that PINK1 mutations result in reduced neuronal survival, most likely due to impaired cellular stress resistance.
Brownian Dynamics Simulation of the Growth of Metal Nanocrystal Ensembles on Electrode Surfaces from Solution. I. Instantaneous Nucleation and Diffusion-Controlled Growth (1999)

The diffusion-controlled growth of ensembles of metal nanoparticles on a planar surface from solution is modeled using Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulation method. Both random and hexagonal 2D ensembles were considered with coverages ranging from 5 × 109 to 2 × 1011 cm-2. Attention is focused on the evolution of particle size dispersion as a function of the experimental variables. Three temporal regimes in the growth of these nanoparticle ensembles are distinguished from the simulation data: At short times (t < 20 ns), the standard deviation of the particle radius, σR, rapidly increases to 0.05−0.1 nm. At intermediate times in the interval from 20 to 200 ns, σR peaks and begins to declinenearly to zero in some simulations. This “convergent” growth segment continues until overlap of the diffusion layers of adjacent nanoparticles on the surface is nearly complete. We derive an analytical expression for σR in this time regime which is based on the stochastic nature of the deposition process, and excellent agreement with the simulation data is obtained. Finally, at yet longer times (at which diffusion to the surface is planar), the behavior of random and hexagonal ensembles diverge: Random ensembles again transition into a divergent growth regime in which σR increases monotonically with time; the size dispersion of hexagonal arrays, however, continues to decrease with deposition time. In this time regime, the data support the conclusion that size dispersion is caused by an inhomogeneous distribution of interparticle distances which translates into an inhomogeneity in the diffusion-limited flux at each particle.
93-GHz Experiments with Phased Array Antenna in Anechoic Chamber for 5G Evolution and Beyond (2019)

This paper presents results of experiments in the 93-GHz band employing a phased-array antenna in an anechoic chamber that verify beam-tracking performance and the effectiveness of a reflector. This is first experiments evaluating 93-GHz throughput performance with a phased-array antenna in an actual environment. To verify beam tracking in the employed 93-GHz trial system, we tested the throughput and beam ID selection considering User Device (UD) mobility. The results show that the beam ID is properly selected according to the UD position and the throughput of approximately 1.2 Gbit/s is achieved during UD movement. Furthermore., the results show that the same throughput performance is still achievable in the 93-GHz band if reflection paths exist and verify that it is possible to expand coverage to non-line-of-sight areas using the 93-GHz band.
Enhanced Annular Pressure Drop Modeling Assists to Drill Extreme Shallow Ultra-ERD Wells (2022)

Abstract Accurate wellbore hydraulics simulations have been effective in assisting engineers to budget well time and materials, design and execute safe, optimum drilling operations. In this context, "accurate" is commonly understood as 0.1 pound per gallon (ppg) delta, or less, between measured and predicted equivalent circulating density (ECD). Extended-reach-drilling (ERD) wells have been gaining recent adoption due to advancements in drilling technologies. This type of well, by its geometrical nature, poses a challenge to pressure management, hole cleaning and wellbore stability. This increases the relevance of simulation aids. Simultaneously, the industry has seen challenges in achieving the accuracy levels required to model and simulate these wells appropriately. This work closes this gap. Several factors affect the accuracy of ECD predicting algorithms, including but not limited to: the wellbore geometry, pumping schedule, formation and fluid's temperature profiles, physical properties and drilling parameters. Offset information from five different wells was used as basis of investigation and verification. While opportunities for better simulation set-ups were found, it was also identified that refinements to the modeling assumptions were required. The prediction for these wells was enhanced by taking an existing drilling simulator and (1) improving the accuracy of pipe positioning estimation; (2) augmenting the understanding of the eccentric annular flow-field; and (3) including the effects of pipe rotation. This led to a superior determination of the downhole flow-regimes, pressure drops, cuttings transport efficiencies and constrictions due to cuttings beds accumulation. The presented enhanced simulator has been validated against 10+ additional wells. The prediction accuracy significantly improved where it previously lacked. Simultaneously, accuracy was maintained (or slightly improved) in conditions where it originally performed. For ERD wells as shallow as 5,000ft TVD and MD's in excess of 40,000ft, the original ECD predictions diverged as much as 1.5ppg (~400psi) from pressure-while-drilling (PWD). The achieved superior predictions were never above 0.1ppg (~26psi) delta when compared to PWD. Using this advanced simulator, engineers were able to tailor the appropriate rheology profiles to drill ERD wells at optimum performance and determine the best fluid systems’ configuration to achieve it. Operations were completed as planned and budgeted, without unexpected changes in drilling parameters This work presents an enhanced methodology to accurately model annular pressure drops in ERD wells. In addition to accounting for the appropriate flow-regime transitions in a downhole eccentric annulus, this method provides a "true north" as far as "tolerable" cuttings bed accumulation to maintain pressures within formation limits. By using this simulator, engineers were able to customize drilling fluids rheology profiles for minimum pressure loss gradients at performant sag resistant levels, and safely drill challenging ERD wells.
Biocompatible Scaffolds for Engineered Arteries (2000)

Abstract Because of the tremendous clinical need for small caliber (&amp;lt; 6 mm diameter) arterial replacements, multiple approaches have been developed to culture biological arterial grafts both in vivo and in vitro. We have developed an approach that utilizes autologous smooth muscle and endothelial cells that are expanded in culture and then seeded onto rapidly degrading polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds. The seeded tubular scaffolds are cultured under conditions of pulsatile radial stress to simulate the native hemodynamic environment. However, the effects of the type of culture scaffold on the phenotype and properties of tissue engineered vessels has not been investigated.
p-carboxyethyl-phenylglyoxal bis(n-methylthiosemicarbazone) (CE-DTS), a bifunctional chelating agent for Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibody (1985)

In the search for bifunctional chelating agents (BCA) with better affinity, selectivity and stability as for Tc-99m, synthesis of a novel BCA containing di-thio-semicarbazone as for Tc-99m chelating site has offered interesting characteristics for the labeling of macromolecules. In the present paper, monoclonal IgG (MoAb) against human thyroglobulin was selected as a model and conditions for coupling, labeling reactions were tested along with immunological reactivity. CE-DTS was coupled to MoAb by the azido method and effect of conjugation on the MoAb immunoreactivity was followed by RIA. When CE-DTS was coupled to MoAb at the molar ratio of 1:1, no loss of its original immunoreactivity was observed. Tc-99m labeling, using the stannous ion reducing method, indicated the reaction pH as being a determinant parameter. The reducing agent prepared in tartrate buffer (pH 3) offered high yield and stable Tc-99m-CE-DTS-MoAb, as evidence by HPLC. In vivo studies in mice indicated percent of injected dose and blood clearance alike the I-131-MoAb. This good labeled state of Tc-99m-CE-DTS-MoAb was also demonstrated by using second antibody reaction in serum of mice. The newly synthesized CE-DTS offered good basis for the Tc-99m labeling of monclonal antibodies with preserved immunological properties, as desirable for the radioimmunodetection. Workmore » with tumor related monoclonal antibodies is under progress.« less
Functional empty capsid precursors produced by lambda mutant defective for late lambda DNA replication (1976)

This report described lambda phage morphogenesis in a mutant system in which the normal pathways for late phage DNA (concatemer) synthesis are blocked and early (monomeric circular) DNA replication products accumulate. As shown earlier (Dawson et al., 1975) under these conditions, late proteins are synthesized and assembled into headlike structures. These structures that accumulate in the mutant are empty, suggesting the monomeric circular DNA molecules cannot be encapsulated. The present results show that crude extracts of induced lysogens of the mutant contain the complementation activities of preheads (the empty precursors to DNA-filled heads), tails, and DNA terminigenerating protein(s). Sucrose gradients of these crude extracts yield fractions containing prehead activity in relative amounts expected from the concentration of late proteins and empty structures. Furthermore, the proteins present in these fractions coelectrophorese with the known capsid proteins of preheads, and empty structures that look like preheads are observed in electron microscope examination of samples from the fractions. Based on our biological, biochemical, and electron microscope analyses, we conclude that the empty structures that accumulate in the induced lysogen of the mutant are normal preheads, which could become filled phage heads if DNA of the appropriate structure (i.e., "late DNA") were available.
What are the effects of forecasting linear time series with neural networks (2001)

This paper studies the performance of neural networks estimated with Bayesian regularization to model and forecast time series where the data generating process is in fact linear. A simulation experiment is carried out to compare the forecasts made by linear autoregressive models and neural networks.
Structured unitary space-time autocoding constellations (2002)

We previously showed that arbitrarily reliable communication is possible within a single coherence interval in Rayleigh flat fading as the symbol duration of the coherence interval and the number of transmit antennas grow simultaneously. This effect, where the space-time signals act as their own channel codes, is called autocoding. For relatively short (e.g., 16-symbol) coherence intervals, a codebook of independent isotropically random unitary space-time signals theoretically supports transmission rates that are a significant fraction of autocapacity with an extremely low probability of error. The exploitation of space-time autocoding requires the creation and decoding of extraordinarily large constellations-typically L = 2/sup 80/. We make progress on the first part of the problem through a random, but highly structured, constellation that is completely specified by log/sub 2/ L independent isotropically distributed unitary matrices. The distinguishing property of this construction is that any two signals in the constellation are pairwise statistically independent and isotropically distributed. Thus, the pairwise probability of error, and hence the union bound on the block probability of error, of the structured constellation is identical to that of a fully random constellation of independent signals. We establish the limitations of an earlier construction through a subsidiary result that is interesting in its own right: the square (or for that matter, any integer power greater than one) of an isotropically random unitary matrix is not isotropically random, with the sole exception of the one-by-one unitary matrix.
Murine C3H10T1/2 Multipotential Cells as an In Vitro Model of Mesenchymal Chondrogenesis (2003)

Bone, muscle, fat, and cartilage are differentiated adult tissues derived from embryonic mesoderm. Under the control of specific molecular and cellular signals, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into one of these mature tissues. The involvement of the master genes myoD, myogenin, and myf-5 in muscle differentiation is well understood and represents a model for the regulation of mesodermal differentiation (). At the present, the understanding of similar master signals involved in osteoblast, adipocyte, and chondroblast differentiation remains incomplete.
Use of Bioerodible Polymers in Self-Regulated Drug Delivery Systems (1987)

Two types of self-regulated drug delivery systems are described. One system is designed to deliver a therapeutic agent dispersed in a pH-sensitive polymer in response to the presence and concentration of a specific molecule external to the system. Control over rate of drug release is achieved by changes of erosion rate of the pH-sensitive polymer that occurs in response to pHchanges caused by an enzyme-substrate reaction. Delivery on insulin in response to glucose concentration is of particular interest. The other delivery system is passive until triggered by a specific external molecule. Triggering is achieved by activating an antibody deactivated enzyme which upon activation removes a protective hydrogel surrounding the delivery device. Although a number of applications are possible, delivery of naltrexone to rehabilitated opiate addicts is of particular interest.
Role of glucose intolerance in cardiac diastolic function in essential hypertension. (1994)

Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. We examined the role of glucose intolerance in cardiac performance and cardiac hypertrophy in 33 patients with essential hypertension (28 to 71 years of age, mean +/- SD: 53 +/- 13 years) who had never been treated. Patients with obesity (body mass index > 30 kg/m2) or overt diabetes were excluded. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured after oral administration of 75 g glucose. The incremental areas of glucose and insulin were used as indices of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, respectively. Patients with impaired glucose tolerance according to World Health Organization criteria (n = 12) showed a significantly higher ratio of peak velocity during atrial contraction to early left ventricular filling phase (A/E ratio) than those with normal glucose tolerance (n = 21) despite similar age, blood pressure, and left ventricular mass index. By regression analysis, left ventricular mass index positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = .392, P < .05) but not with any parameters of glucose and insulin metabolism. A/E ratio determined by a Doppler system significantly correlated with age ( r = .776) and fasting and peak levels and incremental area of plasma glucose (r = .529, r = .468, and r = .634) but not with those parameters of insulin. In contrast, ejection fraction was not related to blood pressure, glucose tolerance, or insulin resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)