gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Effect of spectral resolution and number of wavelength bands in analysis of a hyperspectral data set using NRL's ORASIS algorithm</title> (1996)

We report the results of a tradeoff study for the selection of the number of wavelength bands and resolution needed in a hyperspectral data set in order to separate a scene into its constituent features. This separation is accomplished by finding approximate endmembers using convex mixing and shrink-wrapping techniques. This and related techniques are referred to as NRL's Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System (ORASIS). ORASIS's algorithms will be briefly described. Once endmembers are found, matched filters are calculated which can then be used to separate (or demix) the scene. We have analyzed synthetic cubes, cubes acquired by NRL's Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low Light Spectroscopy (PHILLS) sensor, and cubes from other sensors. PHILLS consists of multiple hyperspectral sensors that operate in pushbroom mode. PHILLS has been deployed from aircraft and on the ground in a variety of terrains from the polar icecap to the Florida Keys. The majority of the data were recorded with a 16-bit thermo-electrically cooled camera which records 1024 wavelengths over the range of 200 to 1100 nm. Major features of the scene can be successfully demixed using fewer than 1024 wavelength bands. However, preliminary evidence suggests that finer features require the full wavelength range and resolution.
Saturable absorber modelocked polarisation maintaining erbium-doped fibre laser (1993)

Using a polarisation-maintaining erbium-doped fibre near the zero dispersion wavelength and a bulk InGaAsP saturable absorber, the authors passively modelock a fibre laser to generate nearly transform-limited 320 fs pulses with 40pJ energy. The laser produces a stable state of linear polarisation and the semiconductor, which acts both as a slow and fast saturable absorber, self-starts the laser.
Yttrium‐86 Is a Positron Emitting Surrogate of Gadolinium for Noninvasive Quantification of Whole‐Body Distribution of Gadolinium‐Based Contrast Agents (2019)

Abstract Gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCAs) are used to provide diagnostic information in clinical magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. Gadolinium (Gd) has been detected in the brain, bone and skin of patients, months and years following GBCA administration, raising concerns about long term toxicity. Despite increased scrutiny, the concentration, chemical form and fate of the retained gadolinium species remain unknown. Importantly, the whole body biodistribution and organ clearance of GBCAs is poorly understood in humans. Gadolinium lacks suitable isotopes for nuclear imaging. We demonstrate that the yttrium‐86 isotope can be used as a gadolinium surrogate. We show that Gd and their analogous Y complexes have similar properties both in solution and in vivo, and that yttrium‐86 PET can be used to track the biodistribution of GBCAs over a two‐day period.
All-fiber-optic clock recovery from non-return to zero format data (2002)

Summary form only given. All-optical clock recovery will be an essential part of future all-optical communication systems. Most of the reported all-optical clock recovery schemes to date have been demonstrated based on return to zero (RZ) format data. However, all-optical clock recovery based on non-return to zero (NRZ) format data has been recognized as very difficult to implement because no discretely separated clock component exists in the data. Nevertheless, the NRZ format data is widely used in current lightwave systems because it has a better bandwidth efficiency. In the previous works on the all-optical clock recovery from the NRZ format data, a non-fiber device, such as a semiconductor optical amplifier, has been used. In this paper, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, an all-optical clock recovery scheme based on fiber devices from the NRZ format data by combining a mode-locked fiber laser with the previously demonstrated fiberoptic-type NRZ-to-pseudo-RZ (PRZ) converter.
Porous Organic Polymers Constructed from Tröger's Base as Efficient Carbon Dioxide Adsorbents and Heterogeneous Catalysts (2018)

Abstract Through a radical solvothermal polymerization method, we synthesized two porous organic polymers based on Tröger's base (POP‐TB and POP‐Me‐TB) from the corresponding vinyl‐functionalized monomers (2,8‐divinyl‐6 H ,12 H ‐5,11‐methanodibenzo[ b , f ]diazocine and 2,8‐divinyl‐4,10‐dimethly‐6 H ,12 H ‐5,11‐ethanodibenzo[ b , f ]diazocine; v‐TB and v‐Me‐TB). The structure and porosity of these polymers are verified by using solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, SEM, TEM, N 2 sorption isotherms, and CO 2 sorption tests. They exhibit high surface areas and moderate pore volumes, which give high CO 2 adsorption capacities (90 and 71 mg g −1 at 273 K and 60 and 44 mg g −1 at 298 K for POP‐TB and POP‐Me‐TB, respectively) under a CO 2 pressure of 1 bar. In addition, they display excellent catalytic activities together with highly stability as heterogeneous catalysts in the benchmark Knoevenagel reactions.
SpotFake+: A Multimodal Framework for Fake News Detection via Transfer Learning (Student Abstract) (2020)

In recent years, there has been a substantial rise in the consumption of news via online platforms. The ease of publication and lack of editorial rigour in some of these platforms have further led to the proliferation of fake news. In this paper, we study the problem of detecting fake news on the FakeNewsNet repository, a collection of full length articles along with associated images. We present SpotFake+, a multimodal approach that leverages transfer learning to capture semantic and contextual information from the news articles and its associated images and achieves the better accuracy for fake news detection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that performs a multimodal approach for fake news detection on a dataset that consists of full length articles. It outperforms the performance shown by both single modality and multiple-modality models. We also release the pretrained model for the benefit of the community.
Bacillus macauensis sp. nov., a long-chain bacterium isolated from a drinking water supply (2006)

A novel long-chain, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming strain was isolated from the influent of a drinking water treatment plant in Macau, China. This facultatively anaerobic isolate (2.0-5.0 microm in length and 0.8-1.2 microm in diameter) formed long chains over 100 microm in length in both liquid and solid media. It had a growth temperature range of 20-40 degrees C, with an optimum at about 30 degrees C, and a growth pH range of 6.0-10.0, with an optimum at pH 8.5. The G+C content of the DNA extracted was 40.8 mol%. The main fatty acid components were anteiso-C(15:0) (67.2%) and iso-C(15:0) (21.7%), with small quantities of iso-C(14:0), C(14:0), iso-C(16:0) and iso-C(17:0). The main quinone component was MK-7. Phylogenetic analyses based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this isolate is a member of the genus Bacillus, with no close relatives at the species level (sequence similarity <96.1%). These phenotypic and genetic properties suggested that this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Bacillus macauensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZFHKF-1T (=JCM 13285T=DSM 17262T).
Through-space charge transfer and nonlinear optical properties of multipolar paracyclophane systems (2003)

Summary from only given. Most classical molecular engineering schemes for quadratic nonlinear optics are based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes from a donor to an acceptor moiety through a /spl pi/-conjugated path. We propose here a new strategy based on through-space donor-acceptor ICT, mediated and controlled by /spl pi/-/spl pi/ stacking in the paracyclophane (pCP) moiety as a three-dimensional (3D) template.
Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks Selectively Grown on Laser‐Scribed Graphene for Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors (2019)

Abstract Conductive 2D metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have merits beyond traditional MOFs for electrochemical applications, but reports on using MOFs as electrodes for electrochemical microsupercapacitors (MSCs) are practically non‐existent. In this work, a Ni‐catecholate‐based MOF (Ni‐CAT MOF) having good conductivity and exhibiting redox chemistry in the positive and negative voltage windows is developed. A novel process is developed to selectively grow the conductive Ni‐CAT MOF on 3D laser scribed graphene (LSG). The LSG with its superior wettability serves as a functional matrix‐current collector for the hybridization of conductive Ni‐CAT MOF nanocrystals. Impressively, MSCs fabricated using the hybrid LSG/Ni‐CAT MOF show significant improvement compared with MOF‐free LSG electrodes. Specifically, the LSG/Ni‐CAT MOF electrodes can deliver MSCs with a wide operating voltage (1.4 V), high areal capacitance (15.2 mF cm −2 ), energy density (4.1 µWh cm −2 ), power density (7 mW cm −2 ), good rate performance, and decent cycling stability. This work opens up an avenue for developing electrochemical microsupercapacitors using conductive MOF electrodes.
GWAS on longitudinal growth traits reveals different genetic factors influencing infant, child, and adult BMI (2019)

Early childhood growth patterns are associated with adult health, yet the genetic factors and the developmental stages involved are not fully understood. Here, we combine genome-wide association studies with modeling of longitudinal growth traits to study the genetics of infant and child growth, followed by functional, pathway, genetic correlation, risk score, and colocalization analyses to determine how developmental timings, molecular pathways, and genetic determinants of these traits overlap with those of adult health. We found a robust overlap between the genetics of child and adult body mass index (BMI), with variants associated with adult BMI acting as early as 4 to 6 years old. However, we demonstrated a completely distinct genetic makeup for peak BMI during infancy, influenced by variation at the <i>LEPR/LEPROT</i> locus. These findings suggest that different genetic factors control infant and child BMI. In light of the obesity epidemic, these findings are important to inform the timing and targets of prevention strategies.
Planning and optimization of dynamic systems via decomposition and partial feedback linearization (2003)

State-space exact linearization has been found to be an invaluable tool for feasible and optimal planning of dynamic systems due to its potential to reduce complex nonlinear systems to rather simple linear ones. However, many systems do not fulfil the conditions of state-space exact linearization but may admit only partially linear forms, when a part of the dynamics is linearizable while the remaining "internal" dynamics stays nonlinear. In this paper, we address a special class of partially linearizable systems for which the internal dynamics is completely independent. Such systems are locally uncontrollable, but the problem of optimum planning can be elegantly solved using higher-order forms.
mRNA Stability (2001)

Abstract The steady‐state level of a messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is determined by both its rate of synthesis and degradation; in addition, the half‐life of individual mRNAs can alter in response to environmental changes.
Abstract TP141: Blood Pharmacokinetics of the Intravenous Neuroprotectant Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion in Rabbits (2013)

Introduction: Intravenous dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) has proven ability to transport oxygen in ischemic and anemic animal models. Therapeutic effects in rabbits and pigs last at least 90 minutes, although in human studies dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) is eliminated rapidly from the blood through respiration. DDFPe neuroprotection reduces infarct volumes &gt;80% in our rabbit embolic stroke model. Since little is known about DDFPe activity in rabbits, blood pharmacokinetics were investigated in healthy rabbits to determine dosing regimens. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that DDFP pharmacokinetics in the rabbit are similar to those in humans, with blood half-life values near 2.2±1.2 min, and clearance values near 49.6±10.8 mL/min/kg. Methods: Bilateral ear catheters, one intravenous and one intraarterial, were introduced into New Zealand White rabbits (N=8, 4.2±0.9 kg) for DDFPe administration and blood sampling, respectively. Rabbits were divided into 3 DDFPe dosage groups: 1) single bolus (0.6 mL/kg) with blood sampling for 4 hrs (N=4), 2) 15 doses (0.1 mL/kg) with sampling for 24 hrs (N=2), 3) 5 doses (0.6 mL/kg) with sampling for 7 hrs (N=2). Repeated doses of 2% w/v DDFPe were administered every 90 min. All samples were kept frozen until thawed before analysis by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: An exponential regression closely approximated the blood concentration vs. time plot of single bolus sampling with an average R 2 of 0.96±0.02, thus compartmental modeling was used for pharmacokinetic analysis. The blood half-life was 1.9±0.6 min, with a clearance of 90.1±45.3 mL/min/kg. In all multi-dose rabbits, blood concentration of DDFP did not reach a steady state. The concentration vs. time data exhibited a repeated sequence of individual bolus data, with DDFP reaching undetectable levels 10 min after each dose. Conclusion: Blood elimination half-life and clearance rates of DDFPe in rabbits are comparable to humans, further indicating that the rabbit stroke model is appropriate for investigation of the neuroprotective potential of DDFPe. The time disparity between blood levels and therapeutic oxygen transport ability of DDFPe suggests multiple compartments and merits further investigation.
Benefit Mapping of Anti-Lock Braking System for Motorcycles from India to Indonesia (2017)

Around 1.3 million people die every year on the world's roads of which 285,200 are users of motorised two or three wheelers. In Indonesia, the number of traffic accidents has also increased by an average of 13% annually (2009-2013). This leads to socio-economic loss of approximately 255,864 million rupiah (Rp). The European Transport Safety Council (ETSC) analysis shows the risk of a motorcyclist (Powered Two Wheeler - PTW) being involved in a fatal accident is 20 times greater compared to a car driver travelling along the same route. This research reveals interesting facts about the Indonesian PTW accident situation through mapping the benefit of Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) for PTWs from India to Indonesia - although there is no in-depth data available to carry out thorough accident research study. One estimation is that every fourth accident with injuries involving a motorcyclist on Indonesian road can be avoided by a PTW with ABS (assuming a 100% installation rate of such device). This result is in line with other international studies claiming the avoidance potential of PTW with ABS.
Applying Contextofuse to Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Method Validation and Analysis: A Recommendation From the European Bioanalysis Forum (2021)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used in various fields of laboratory testing, ranging from forensic, molecular biology, medical and diagnostic applications to a wide array of basic research purposes. COVID-19 infection testing has brought the three-letter PCR abbreviation into the vocabulary of billions of people, making it likely the most well-known laboratory test worldwide. With new modalities and translational medicine gaining importance in pharmaceutical research and development, PCR or more specifically, quantitative PCR (qPCR) is now becoming a standard tool in the (regulated) bioanalytical laboratory, driving the bioanalytical community to define best practices for method development, characterization and validation. In absence of specific guidance from health authorities, qPCR may be vulnerable to scope creep from pharmacokinetics (PK) assay validation as defined in bioanalytical method validation guidance/guidelines. In this manuscript, the European Bioanalysis Forum builds a rationale for applying context of use principles when defining requirements for qPCR assay performance and validation criteria.
Activation of a Ca2+−Mg2+‐dependent endonuclease as an early event in castration‐induced prostatic cell death (1988)

Previous studies have demonstrated that castration-induced androgen withdrawal results in the fragmentation of prostatic DNA into nucleosomal oligomers, and this process comprises an early event in the activation of programed cell death in the rat ventral prostate. This DNA fragmentation could be due to changes in the chromatin conformation increasing its sensitivity to preexisting nucleases and/or to increases in the activity of the nucleases themselves. However, comparative kinetic analysis of in vitro DNA fragmentation induced by exogenous nucleases did not reveal any differences in the sensitivity of prostatic chromatin between intact and castrated rats. In contrast to these negative findings, using [3H] DNA as an exogenous substrate, it was shown that within the first day following castration there was a twofold increase in a Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent nuclease activity without a concomitant increase in other nuclear nucleases. This Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent nuclease activation occurred coincidental with the initial increase in nuclear DNA fragmentation following castration and preceded the enhanced appearance of morphological changes characteristic of dying cells (i.e., apoptosis), as well as the major increase in prostatic DNA loss. These results suggest that castration-induced androgen deprivation leads to a sequential activation of a Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent nuclease leading to the fragmentation of the genome into discrete nucleosomal-sized fragments of DNA, subsequently followed by the fragmentation of the nucleus itself (i.e., apoptosis) and eventually with the complete digestion of the nucleosomal oligomers into component nucleotides (i.e., DNA loss). Since the castration-induced nuclease is dependent upon calcium ions for maximal activity, a potential role of intracellular calcium in the early events activating prostatic cell death was investigated. Acute disturbances in intracellular calcium homeostasis within the ventral prostate by means of a potent calcium influx blocker, nifedipine, simultaneous with castration, resulted in a significant delay in the biochemical and morphological changes associated with prostatic cell death (i.e., prostatic weight loss, prostatic DNA loss, and DNA fragmentation). These results point to a potential role of intracellular calcium levels in the mechanism of activation of castration-induced death of the androgen-dependent epithelial cells in the ventral prostate.
An automated method for registering lidar data in restrictive, tunnel-like environments (2016)

A method for automated registration of lidar datasets specifically tailored to geometries with high length-to-width ratios operates on data in curvilinear coordinates. It relaxes the minimum change in perspective requirement between neighboring datasets typical of other algorithms. Range data is filtered with a series of discrete Gaussian and derivative of Gaussian filters to form a second-order Taylor series approximation to the surface about each sampled point. Principal curvatures with respect to the surface normal are calculated and compared across neighboring datasets to determine homologies and the best fit transfer matrix. The method reduces raw data volume requirements and processing time.
Is beta-catenin signalling involved in the molecular pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy? Study on DSG2 transgenic mice (2010)

Purpose. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is emerging as a relatively common cause of sudden death in teenagers and athletes. ARVC is considered a disease of cell adhesion because mutations in desmosomal genes have been involved in the pathogenesis of ARVC in a significant proportion of patients. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of ARVC by generating DSG2 transgenic animal models.&#13;\nMethods. Human full−length wild−type and mutant cDNA sequences for DSG2 were cloned into a vector containing alpha−MyHC promoter. Transgenic lines showing a comparable expression level of transgene have been generated for G100R, N266S, K294E and Q558X mutations and for wild-type DSG2. Phenotypic characterisation was performed by electrophysiological and histological analyses. In order to investigate on the molecular pathogenesis, electron miscroscopic, immunohystochemical and Western blot examination was performed as well.&#13;\nResults. Histological examination of 6-month-old mouse hearts evidentiated cardiomyocytes loss and fibro-fatty tissue replacement, resembling the phenotype of ARVC patients and confirming the pathogenic effects of DSG2 mutations in an animal model. Immunofluorescent staining showed correct localization of DSG2 G100R, N266S, and K294E into the desmosomal complexes, while in mice carrying the DSG2-Q558X mutation the protein was retained in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopic analyses showed a reduced number of desmosomes at the intercalated discs, myofibrillar degeneration and damaged mitochondria. Beta-catenin overexpression has been detected by Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence in hearts of transgenic mice carrying the mutated proteins. DSG2 transgenic mice have been inbreeded with beta-catenin-activated transgene driving expression of nuclear beta-galactosidase reporter (BAT-gal) transgenic mice, in order to confirm beta-catenin overexpression. Analyses of BAT-gal expression in embrionic and neonatal transgenic hearts revealed a higher beta-catenin transcriptional activity compared to wild-type hearts.&#13;\nConclusions. DSG2 transgenic mice represents an invaluable model to investigate molecular pathogenesis of ARVC. Further studies will be needed to assess if beta-catenin overexpression could lead to beta-catenin signalling defects.
Densities and Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of 2-Butanol + Isobutanol, 2-Butanol + tert-Butanol, and Isobutanol + tert-Butanol from (308.15 to 343.15) K (2013)

This paper presents densities and viscosities for binary mixtures of 2-butanol + isobutanol, 2-butanol + tert-butanol, and isobutanol + tert-butanol at temperatures between (308.15 and 343.15) K over the entire composition range at atmospheric pressure. The experimental apparatus are a vibrating tube densimeter for the density measurements and a microviscosimeter for the viscosity measurements. Excess molar volumes, viscosity deviations, and energies of activation result from the experimental measurements. At each temperature, a Redlich–Kister equation represents the calculated excess molar volumes, viscosity deviations, and energies of activation. Also, the Grunberg–Nissan interaction model correlates the kinematic viscosities of binary mixtures with mole fractions.
Polarization holography for vortex retarders recording (2013)

We present an original static recording method for vortex retarders (VRs) made from liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) using the superimposition of several polarized beams. VRs are birefringent plates characterized by a rotation of their fast axis about their center. The new method is based on polarization holography and photo-orientable LCP. Combining several polarized beams induces the polarization patterns required for the recording process of VRs without mechanical action. A mathematical description of the method, the outcomes of the numerical simulations, and the first experimental results are presented.