gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensor faults (2010)

Various sensor network measurement studies have reported instances of transient faults in sensor readings. In this work, we seek to answer a simple question: How often are such faults observed in real deployments? We focus on three types of transient faults, caused by faulty sensor readings that appear abnormal. To understand the prevalence of such faults, we first explore and characterize four qualitatively different classes of fault detection methods. Rule-based methods leverage domain knowledge to develop heuristic rules for detecting and identifying faults. Estimation methods predict “normal” sensor behavior by leveraging sensor correlations, flagging anomalous sensor readings as faults. Time-series-analysis-based methods start with an a priori model for sensor readings. A sensor measurement is compared against its predicted value computed using time series forecasting to determine if it is faulty. Learning-based methods infer a model for the “normal” sensor readings using training data, and then statistically detect and identify classes of faults. We find that these four classes of methods sit at different points on the accuracy/robustness spectrum. Rule-based methods can be highly accurate, but their accuracy depends critically on the choice of parameters. Learning methods can be cumbersome to train, but can accurately detect and classify faults. Estimation methods are accurate, but cannot classify faults. Time-series-analysis-based methods are more effective for detecting short duration faults than long duration ones, and incur more false positives than the other methods. We apply these techniques to four real-world sensor datasets and find that the prevalence of faults as well as their type varies with datasets. All four methods are qualitatively consistent in identifying sensor faults, lending credence to our observations. Our work is a first step towards automated online fault detection and classification.
Photoluminescence study of (111)-oriented GaAs/GaAsP strained-layer quantum well structure (1994)

A GaAs/GaAs1−xPx (x=0.13) strained-layer quantum well structure has been grown on (111)B-oriented GaAs substrate by means of low-pressure (60 Torr) metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and characterized by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Despite the partial relaxation of the tensile strain confined in the GaAsP barrier layers, our sample exhibits smooth surface morphology and intense optical emission. Moreover, an evident blue shift of the excitonic transition peak attributed to the screening of the strain-induced internal electric field by the photoexcited carriers, has been observed in the PL measurement.
Doped LZO buffer layers for laminated conductors (2023)

A laminated conductor includes a metallic substrate having a surface, a biaxially textured buffer layer supported by the surface of the substrate, the biaxially textured buffer layer comprising LZO and a dopant for mitigating metal diffusion through the LZO, and a biaxially textured conductor layer supported by the biaxially textured buffer layer.
Na+-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibitors as Antidiabetic Agents. II. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of 4'-Dehydroxyphlorizin Derivatives. (1998)

A novel series of 4'-dehydroxyphlorizin derivatives was synthesized and the effects of these compounds on urinary glucose excretion were evaluated in rats. There was a strict structural requirement for activity. Introduction of a small substituent or a flat ring at the 3- and/or the 4-position on the A ring was permissible, but any change at the bridge part between the A and B rings or in the sugar moiety resulted in complete loss of activity. The 6'-OH group on the B ring was also necessary, and even small structural modifications of the 6'-OH group reduced the activity considerably. Among the compounds synthesizez, the 5-benzofuryl derivative 25 was the most potent and was selected as a new lead for further structure-activity relationship investigations.
Characterization of the J(indium-115, phosphorus-31) tensor for a 1:1 adduct of indium tribromide and a triarylphosphine (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of the J(indium-115, phosphorus-31) tensor for a 1:1 adduct of indium tribromide and a triarylphosphineRoderick E. Wasylishen, Kenneth C. Wright, Klaus Eichele, and T. S. CameronCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 3, 407–408Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00081a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (299 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Throughput Screening in Agrochemical Research (2005)

The demand for new herbicides, insecticides and fungicides led to a steady increase in the number of compounds being tested to find novel market products. To keep pace with the rising workload, high throughput screening (HTS) technologies have been introduced. In agrochemical research miniaturised in vivo tests on whole real target organisms are now possible and are an integral part of the screening cascade. A complementary target based in vitro HTS has also been established in agrochemical research. Target based HTS allows a directed approach towards untouched market shares by novel modes of action. Selection of the best suited targets is the most crucial issue in this approach. Genomic methods thereby deliver many essential genes as candidate targets. Consideration of further criteria such as druggability notably narrows down the number of promising targets. Though target to hit to lead progression still is as in pharmaceutical research a complex and therefore risky process, the implementation of novel bioscience technologies has entailed the transition to an integrated innovative agrochemical research perspective. Keywords: agrochemical high throughput screeening, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide
The Use of Optical-Imaging Fibers for the Fabrication of Array Sensors (1998)

We have used coherent imaging fibers to make fiber-optic chemical sensors. Two main approaches have been taken. In the first approach, sensors were made with spatially-discrete sensing sites for multianalyte determinations. In the second approach, imaging fibers were used to fabricate array sensors that can concurrently view a sample and detect a single analyte. Such sensors have near micron resolution and can monitor chemical changes occurring in tens of milliseconds.
Low Energy Positron Flux Generator for Microstructural Characterization of Thin Films (1992)

A slow positron flux generator using well annealed polycrystalline tungsten moderators and a Na{sup {minus}22} positron source was developed for microstructural characterization of thin insulator (ceramics and polymeric) films. A 250 micro-c source, deposited on a 2.55 {times} 10 {sup {minus}4} cm thick aluminized mylar film, is sandwiched between two 0.0127 cm thick, 2.54 {times} 2.54 cm tungsten strips. Two 2.54 {times} 2.54 cm test insulator films, whose thicknesses may range from 0.00127 to 0.0127 cm, insulate the two tungsten moderator strips from the aluminized mylar source holder. A potential difference of 10 to 100 volts, depending on the test insulator film thickness, is applied between the tungsten strips and the source holder. Thermalized positrons diffusing out of the moderator strips are attracted to the source holder when it is at a negative potential. These positrons have to drift through the test insulator films in order to reach the source holder. On the other hand, they are prevented from entering the test films when the source holder is at a positive potential. The difference between the positron lifetime spectrum with the source at + or {minus} volts is thus expected to provide the test film lifetime spectrum.
Decision Making on when to Brake and when to Steer to Avoid a Collision (2011)

By either autonomously steering or braking, accidents can be avoided or mitigated by a number of active safety functions which are available on the market today. However, these functions are often tailored for specific accident types and for each type either braking or steering may be possible. This contribution considers an algorithm for threat assessment which can be used in general traffic situations not only to decide if an intervention is necessary to avoid an accident, but also to select which type of intervention, steering or braking. The algorithm is evaluated on four accident types: rear-end accidents showing how the appropriate intervention depends on the lateral offset between host vehicle and target vehicle; single-target straight crossing path collisions where the decision depends on the vehicles' speed; collision scenarios with oncoming vehicles; and finally situations where multiple obstacles need to be considered.
A Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 3-Substituted Pyroglutamic Acids and Related Compounds (2000)

DBU-catalyzed Michael addition reactions were shown to occur at room temperature between a nickel(II) complex of the Schiff base of glycine 1 and (S)- or (R)-N-(E-enoyl)-4-phenyl-3-oxazolidin-2-ones (2, see scheme). This reaction, which has an almost completely stereoselective outcome, provides a practical and generalized approach to a family of glutamic/pyroglutamic acids. R=alkyl, aryl.
Abstract 14896: In Vivo Induction of Regulatory T Cells Delays the Development of Hypertension in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2014)

Background: T cell activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and its complications. In contrast, regulatory T (Treg) cells, which control the immune system, are reported to prevent angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac damage. The precise role of Treg cells in the pathological process of hypertension, however, remains unclear. Recent studies demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-2 and anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody (IL-2/mAb) complex selectively induces Treg cells in vivo. Here we aimed to determine whether Treg cells are decreased in genetically spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats, and if so, to examine whether administration of IL-2/mAb complex affects the development of hypertension and the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Methods and Results: We examined Treg cells in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells (Treg cells) in the spleen and peripheral blood were...
First measurement of the differential branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the B ± → π ± μ + μ − decay (2015)

The differential branching fraction with respect to the dimuon invariant mass squared, and the CP asymmetry of the B + -decay are measured for the first time. The CKM matrix elements |V td | and |V ts |, and the ratio |V td /V ts | are determined. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb -1 , collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The total branching fraction and CP asymmetry of B + -decays are measured to be
Interaction of a viral insulin-like peptide with the IGF-1 receptor produces a natural antagonist (2022)

Abstract Lymphocystis disease virus-1 (LCDV-1) and several other Iridoviridae encode viral insulin/IGF-1 like peptides (VILPs) with high homology to human insulin and IGFs. Here we show that while single-chain (sc) and double-chain (dc) LCDV1-VILPs have very low affinity for the insulin receptor, scLCDV1-VILP has high affinity for IGF1R where it can antagonize human IGF-1 signaling, without altering insulin signaling. Consequently, scLCDV1-VILP inhibits IGF-1 induced cell proliferation and growth hormone/IGF-1 induced growth of mice in vivo. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals that scLCDV1-VILP engages IGF1R in a unique manner, inducing changes in IGF1R conformation that led to separation, rather than juxtaposition, of the transmembrane segments and hence inactivation of the receptor. Thus, scLCDV1-VILP is a natural peptide with specific antagonist properties on IGF1R signaling and may provide a new tool to guide development of hormonal analogues to treat cancers or metabolic disorders sensitive to IGF-1 without affecting glucose metabolism.
High Fill-Factor Two-Axis Gimbaled Tip-Tilt-Piston Micromirror Array Actuated by Self-Aligned Vertical Electrostatic Combdrives (2006)

In this paper, we present a high fill-factor micromirror array actuated by self-aligned vertical electrostatic combdrives. To meet the requirements of applications in free-space communication and imaging, each micromirror has three degrees of freedom of motion: rotation around two axes in the mirror plane and linear translation perpendicular to the mirror plane. Our approach is to integrate the high fill-factor reflectors into the fabrication process of the actuators on the wafer-scale. Multilevel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) bonding is utilized to form the high optical quality reflectors and high aspect-ratio vertical combdrive actuators. The wiring for electrical access to the multielectrode per pixel array is fabricated on separate wafers by thin film processing, and flip-chip bonded to the reflector/actuator chip. This architecture overcomes the fill-factor limitation of top-side accessed electrical addressing of mirrors made on SOI. Our 360/spl mu/m pixel size mirror array achieves a 99% fill-factor with optically flat reflectors.
A model based analysis of optimality of sit-to-stand transition (2017)

Objective assessment of mobility and effectiveness of interventions remains an open issue. Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 30 Second Chair Stand (30SCS) tests are routinely used in assessing mobility of subjects, but they provide a single parameter. Instrumenting subjects with wearable sensors enables a detailed mobility assessment. Specifically, we argue that instrumented sit-to-stand (S2ST) posture transitions during the TUG and 30SCS tests can be used to assess the strength and balance of subjects. In this paper we develop a personalized three-segment model that quantifies torques/forces on the body and assesses optimality of each sit-to-stand transition. To characterize a S2ST transition we calculate action defined as an integral of mechanical energy over time. The theoretical optimal transition time can thus be determined for each person by finding the minimum action necessary for a S2ST transition. Our model assesses action during the S2ST transition using inputs from smartphone's inertial sensors, and calculates optimum S2ST transition time for a given body composition of a subject. Our experimental evaluation shows that healthy young subjects have posture transition times close to the optimal transition time generated by the model. We hypothesize that the optimality of posture transition provides an objective and potentially more accurate estimation of the mobility. We tested the model by evaluating optimum action and optimum S2ST transition time for 10 geriatric patients undergoing a mobility improvement program by comparing their performance with the optimum performance generated by the model. This paper presents the model and possible use of the results to assess long-term changes in mobility of users.
Focusing with time reversal of speckle noise. (2010)

The FDORT method (French acronym for decomposition of the time reversal operator using focused beams) is a time reversal based method that can detect point-scatterers in a heterogeneous medium and extract their Green’s function. It is particularly useful when focusing in a heterogeneous medium. In this presentation, the theory of the FDORT method is generalized to random media (speckle), and it is shown that it is possible to extract Green’s functions from speckle signal using this method. Therefore it is possible to achieve a good focusing even if no point scatterers are present. Moreover, a link is made between FDORT and the Van Cittert Zernike theorem. We deduce from this interpretation that the normalized first eigenvalue of the focused time reversal operator is a well-known focusing criterion. The concept of an equivalent virtual object is introduced, which allows the random problem to be replaced by an equivalent deterministic problem and leads to an intuitive understanding of FDORT in speckle. Applications to aberration correction are presented. The reduction of the variance of the Green’s function estimate is discussed.
Investigations of polymerizations and metathesis reactions. 6. Metathesis-like reaction of a tungsten alkylidyne complex with cyclohexyl isocyanate (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigations of polymerizations and metathesis reactions. 6. Metathesis-like reaction of a tungsten alkylidyne complex with cyclohexyl isocyanateKarin Weiss, Ulrich Schubert, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 2, 397–398Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00133a040https://doi.org/10.1021/om00133a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nanoscale Tripodal 1,3,5,7‐Tetrasubstituted Adamantanes for AFM Applications. (2003)

The synthesis of four novel nanoscale 1,3,5,7-tetrasubstituted adamantanes &lt;b&gt;22&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;25&lt;/b&gt;−&lt;b&gt;27&lt;/b&gt; designed\nfor atomic force microscopy (AFM) applications is described. Each tetrahedrally shaped molecule\nincorporates a broad tripodal base made up of three identical legs that terminate with a sulfur-containing moiety, which is either a 4-acetylsulfanylmethylphenyl unit or else a (1,2,5-dithiazepan-1-yl)phenyl unit. The sulfur atoms are intended for eventual binding of the molecule multivalently\nto the apex of a gold-coated commercial AFM tip through formation of multiple S−Au bonds. In\neach molecule, the fourth terminus is a para-substituted benzoic acid methyl ester that is designed\nto scan the sample. We demonstrate that &lt;b&gt;27&lt;/b&gt; is sufficiently large and rigid to be imaged by a\nconventional AFM tip. Adamantanes &lt;b&gt;22&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;25&lt;/b&gt;−&lt;b&gt;27&lt;/b&gt; may also find application as chemically well-defined nanoscale objects for calibration of AFM tips.
Frequency of Axial Spondyloarthritis Diagnosis Among Patients Seen by US Rheumatologists for Evaluation of Chronic Back Pain (2016)

Our findings indicate that among patients with chronic back pain for ≥3 months beginning at ages younger than 45 years, the presence of ≥1 of 3 SpA features is an effective way to identify those with possible axial SpA.
Supplementary Figure 9 from PlGF/VEGFR-1 Signaling Promotes Macrophage Polarization and Accelerated Tumor Progression in Obesity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effects of VEGFR-1 signaling ablation on E0771 tumor growth, vascular and immune environment in lean and obese mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Altered Thymic Function during Interferon Therapy in HCV-Infected Patients (2012)

Interferon alpha (IFNα) therapy, despite good efficacy in curing HCV infection, leads to major side effects, in particular inducement of a strong peripheral T-cell lymphocytopenia. We here analyze the early consequences of IFNα therapy on both thymic function and peripheral T-cell homeostasis in patients in the acute or chronic phase of HCV-infection as well as in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. The evolution of T-cell subsets and T-cell homeostasis were estimated by flow cytometry while thymic function was measured through quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) and estimation of intrathymic precursor T-cell proliferation during the first four months following the initiation of IFNα therapy. Beginning with the first month of therapy, a profound lymphocytopenia was observed for all T-cell subsets, including naïve T-cells and recent thymic emigrants (RTE), associated with inhibition of intrathymic precursor T-cell proliferation. Interleukin (IL)-7 plasma concentration rapidly dropped while lymphocytopenia progressed. This was neither a consequence of higher consumption of the cytokine nor due to its neutralization by soluble CD127. Decrease in IL-7 plasma concentration under IFNα therapy correlated with the decline in HCV viral load, thymic activity and RTE concentration in blood. These data demonstrate that IFNα-based therapy rapidly impacts on thymopoiesis and, consequently, perturbs T-cell homeostasis. Such a side effect might be detrimental for the continuation of IFNα therapy and may lead to an increased level of infectious risk, in particular in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Altogether, this study suggests the therapeutic potential of IL-7 in the maintenance of peripheral T-cell homeostasis in IFNα-treated patients.
Stable reduction of CCR5 by RNAi through hematopoietic stem cell transplant in non-human primates (2007)

RNAi is a powerful method for suppressing gene expression that has tremendous potential for therapeutic applications. However, because endogenous RNAi plays a role in normal cellular functions, delivery and expression of siRNAs must be balanced with safety. Here we report successful stable expression in primates of siRNAs directed to chemokine (c-c motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) introduced through CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell transplant. After hematopoietic reconstitution, to date 14 months after transplant, we observe stably marked lymphocytes expressing siRNAs and consistent down-regulation of chemokine (c-c motif) receptor 5 expression. The marked cells are less susceptible to simian immunodeficiency virus infection ex vivo. These studies provide a successful demonstration that siRNAs can be used together with hematopoietic stem cell transplant to stably modulate gene expression in primates and potentially treat blood diseases such as HIV-1.