gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Safety Considerations for Water Cooled Small Modular Reactors Incorporating Lessons Learned from the Fukushima Daiichi Accident (2016)

The global future deployment of advanced nuclear reactors for electricity generation depends &#13;\nprimarily on the ability of nuclear industries, utilities and regulatory authorities to further &#13;\nenhance their reliability and economic competitiveness while satisfying stringent safety requirements. The IAEA has a project to help coordinate Member State efforts in the development and deployment of small and medium sized or small modular reactor (SMR) technology. This project aims simultaneously to facilitate SMR technology developers and potential SMR users, particularly States embarking on a nuclear power programme, in identifying key enabling technologies and enhancing capacity building by resolving issues relevant to deployment, including nuclear reactor safety. &#13;\nThe objective of this publication is to explore common practices for Member States, which will be an essential resource for future development and deployment of SMR technology. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant was caused by an unprecedented combination of natural events: a strong earthquake, beyond th&#13;\ne design basis, followed by a series of tsunamis of heights exceeding the design basis tsunami considered in the flood analysis for the site. Consequently, all the operating nuclear power plants and advanced reactors under development, including SMRs, have been incorporating lessons learned from the accident to assure and enhance the performance of the engineered safety features in coping with such external events. &#13;\nIn response to the Fukushima Daiichi accident, the IAEA established an Action Plan on Nuclear Safety. The preparation of this publication was carried out within the framework of the IAEA Action Plan on effectively utilizing &#13;\nresearch and development. The main objective of this publication is to present technology developers and user&#13;\ns with common considerations, approaches and measures for enhancing the defence in depth and operability of water cooled SMR design concepts to cope with extreme natural hazards. Indicative requirements to prevent such an accident from recurring are also provided for States planning to adopt water cooled SMR designs and technologies. &#13;\nThe IAEA gratefully acknowledges the information on technology and safety aspects provided by SMR design organizations and information regarding technical requirements provided by several Member States. The IAEA officers responsible for this publication were M.H. Subki of the Division of Nuclear Power and M. Kim of the Division of Nuclear Installation Safety.
Inhomogeneity in the ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition dynamics in\n VO$_2$ (2014)

The insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) of the simple binary compound of\nvanadium dioxide VO$_2$ at $\\sim 340$ K has been puzzling since its discovery\nmore than five decades ago. A wide variety of photon and electron probes have\nbeen applied in search of a satisfactory microscopic mechanistic explanation.\nHowever, many of the conclusions drawn have implicitly assumed a {\\em\nhomogeneous} material response. Here, we reveal inherently {\\em inhomogeneous}\nbehavior in the study of the dynamics of individual VO$_2$ micro-crystals using\na combination of femtosecond pump-probe microscopy with nano-IR imaging. The\ntime scales of the photoinduced bandgap reorganization in the ultrafast IMT\nvary from $\\simeq 40 \\pm 8$ fs, i.e., shorter than a suggested phonon\nbottleneck, to $\\sim 200\\pm20$ fs, with an average value of $80 \\pm 25$ fs,\nsimilar to results from previous studies on polycrystalline thin films. The\nvariation is uncorrelated with crystal size, orientation, transition\ntemperature, and initial insulating phase. This together with details of the\nnano-domain behavior during the thermally-induced IMT suggests a significant\nsensitivity to local variations in, e.g., doping, defects, and strain of the\nmicrocrystals. The combination of results points to an electronic mechanism\ndominating the photoinduced IMT in VO$_2$, but also highlights the difficulty\nof deducing mechanistic information where the intrinsic response in correlated\nmatter may not yet have been reached.\n
Antibody‐mediated suppression of Vβ5.2/5.3+ T cells in multiple sclerosis: Results from an MRI‐monitored phase II clinical trial (2002)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the humanized antibody ATM-027 in a baseline versus treatment magnetic resonance imaging-monitored study. Expansion of Vbeta5.2/5.3(+) T cells has been demonstrated in the peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain lesions of MS patients. In a phase I study, ATM-027 depleted these cells in peripheral blood and, in parallel, T-cell MBP reactivity and IFN-gamma expression were reduced. We studied 59 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (47 on ATM-027 and 12 on placebo) stratified for HLA-DR2 status. Monthly intravenous injections were given for 6 months. Individual dose titration was employed to obtain depletion of the target T-cell level and downregulation of antigen receptor density as monitored by flow cytometry. Five monthly magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed before treatment to establish baseline activity, six during treatment, and three during follow-up. Additional immunological assessments were performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of ATM-027. The treatment was safe and well tolerated, inducing consistent suppression of the target cell population. During run-in, active lesions were found in 78.7% (37/47) of patients treated with ATM-027. During treatment, the median number of lesions was reduced by 33% (p = 0.13) independent of DR2 status. The corresponding volume of enhancement was 221 mm(3) at baseline, with a reduction of 10% during treatment. Decreased numbers of cells expressing interferon-gamma messenger RNA, and decreased T-cell reactivity to several myelin antigens were found in ATM-027 treated patients. In conclusion, consistent suppression of Vbeta 5.2/5.3(+) T cells was achieved. However, the effect size on magnetic resonance imaging was considerably less than the targeted 60%.
Fiber-optic array streak-camera coupled diagnostics in use at the Z accelerator record single point, one-, or two-dimensional data from z-pinch plasmas (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. Analog fiber-optically-transmitted data recorded on streak camera systems at the Z accelerator is an important facet of the diagnostic package. The high X-ray background at Z causes unique problems for fiber based instrumentation as opposed to the coaxial counterparts. The advantages and disadvantages of fiber-optic instrumentation are discussed and data from various optical instruments presented. Single point, one-, and two-dimensional imaging schemes are shown.
Solution Chemistry of Dihydroxyacetone and Synthesis of Monomeric Dihydroxyacetone (2022)

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a major byproduct of e-cigarette combustion and is the active ingredient in sunless tanning products. Mounting evidence points to its damaging effects on cellular functions. While developing a simple synthetic route to monomeric [<sup>13</sup>C<sub>3</sub>]DHA for flux metabolic studies that compared DHA and glyceraldehyde (GA) metabolism, we uncovered that solid DHA ages upon storage and differences in the relative abundance of each of its isomer occur when reconstituted in an aqueous solution. While all three of the dimeric forms of DHA ultimately resolve to the ketone and hydrated forms of monomeric DHA once in water at room temperature, these species require hours rather than minutes to reach an equilibrium favoring the monomeric species. Consequently, when used in bolus or flux experiments, the relative abundance of each isomer and its effects at the time of application is dependent on the initial DHA isomeric composition and concentration, and time of equilibration in solution before use. Here, we make recommendations for the more consistent handling of DHA as we report conditions that ensure that DHA is present in its monomeric form while in solutions, conditions used in an isotopic tracing study that specifically compared monomeric DHA and GA metabolism in cells.
Using TCP flow-aggregation to enhance data experience of cellular wireless users (2005)

All over the world Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) cellular mobile networks have been upgraded to support the "always-on" general packet radio service (GPRS). Despite the apparent availability of levels of bandwidth not dissimilar to that provided by conventional fixed-wire telephone modems, the user experience using GPRS is still considerably poor. In this paper, we examine the performance of protocols such as transmission control protocol (TCP) over GPRS, and show how certain network characteristics interact badly with TCP to yield problems such as: link underutilization for short-lived flows, excess queueing for long-lived flows, acknowledgment bunching, poor loss recovery, and gross unfairness between competing flows. We present the design and implementation of a transparent TCP proxy that mitigates many of these problems without requiring any changes to the TCP implementations in either mobile or fixed-wire end systems. The proxy is interposed in the cellular provider's network, and splits TCP connections transparently into two halves-the wired and wireless sides. Connections destined for the same mobile host are treated as an aggregate due to their statistical dependence. We demonstrate packet scheduling and flow control algorithms that use information shared between the connections to maximize performance of the wireless link, while interworking with unmodified TCP peers. We also demonstrate how fairness between flows and response to loss is improved, and that queueing and, hence, network latency is reduced. We discuss how TCP enhancing proxies could be transparently deployed, and conclude that installing such a proxy into GPRS network would be of significant benefit to users.
Oral Delivery of a Tetrameric Tripeptide Inhibitor of VEGFR1 Suppresses Pathological Choroid Neovascularization (2020)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the primary cause of blindness in advanced countries. Repeated intravitreal delivery of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents has represented an important advancement for the therapy of wet AMD with significative results in terms of blindness prevention and partial vision restore. Nonetheless, some patients are not responsive or do not attain significant visual improvement, intravitreal injection may cause serious complications and important side effects have been reported for the prolonged block of VEGF-A. In order to evaluate new anti-angiogenic strategies, we focused our attention on VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) developing a specific VEGFR-1 antagonist, a tetrameric tripeptide named inhibitor of VEGFR 1 (iVR1). We have evaluated its anti-angiogenic activity in the preclinical model of AMD, the laser-induced choroid neovascularization (CNV). iVR1 is able to potently inhibit CNV when delivered by intravitreal injection. Surprisingly, it is able to significantly reduce CNV also when delivered by gavage. Our data show that the specific block of VEGFR1 in vivo represents a valid alternative to the block of VEGF-A and that the inhibition of the pathological neovascularization at ocular level is also possible by systemic delivery of compounds not targeting VEGF-A.
QSPR correlation for conductivities and viscosities of low‐temperature melting ionic liquids (2008)

Abstract In order to rationalize the physicochemical behaviour of ionic liquids (ILs), quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) models have been derived for the conductivity and viscosity of a class of ILs based on the bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide anion. Data obtained at two different temperatures were analysed to assess the consistency of the derived relationships. Satisfactory correlations were found for both properties, although the QSPR derived for viscosity was heavily temperature dependent. ILs containing nitrile‐functionalized cations could not be inserted into satisfactory QSPR. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Sensing-less drive of synchronous rectifier for LLC resonant converter (2012)

This paper presents the novel driving technique of synchronous rectifier (SR) for the LLC converter. The unique characteristic of “Vo*D=constant” of LLC converter is utilized to predict optimal duty ratio D, where D is the conduction period of secondary diode. This technique does not need the sensing of SR current neither SR voltage. The technique is confirmed by experimentally.
Prevention of Ischemic Injury in Colon and Small Intestine in an Ex Vivo Perfusion Animal Model (2018)

Introduction The small intestine and colon are among the most sensitive organs to ischemic injury in the abdominal cavity, making them the least viable transplantable organs. It is imperative to investigate methods of preserving intestinal viability and mitigating ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Using an ex-vivo intestinal perfusion machine we created a controlled ischemic injury and we hypothesized that perfusing the intestine with different solutions would reduce intestinal ischemic damage in rats. Materials and Methods Small intestine (proximal, middle, and distal segments) and distal colon were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Each segment was connected to an ex-vivo intestinal perfusion machine that independently perfused the segments intraluminally and extraluminally. Controlled ischemic injury was induced by extraluminal perfusion with HEPES buffer saturated with 100% N2. The intraluminal side was perfused with two different conditions: 1) with and without L-Arginine, 2) with and without Ca2+ nanoparticles. In a series of experiments, we used L-Arginine and L-NAME, a known antagonist of NO production. In all experiments, FITC-inulin was used to assess the ischemic conditions of the intestinal grafts. The intestine and colon are non-permeable to inulin, thus fluorometry of samples served as an indicator of ischemic damage. Results and Discussion We conducted experiments in 62 intestine segments. Intestinal and colon segments exposed to 100% N2 showed significant drop in fluorescent signal, indicating ischemic damage (p<0.0001). A 100% N2 environment caused ischemic/inflammatory damage to the intestinal wall, resulting in cell swelling, loss of homeostatic parietal fluid control, and enhanced intraluminal secretion. In the segments perfused with L-Arginine or calcium nanoparticles, ischemia was prevented and the fluorescence signal was similar to control perfused segments not exposed to N2 (p<0.0001 and p=0.0008 respectively, Fig 1&2). The presence of L-NAME reversed the protective effect of L-Arginine, and the degree of ischemic damage was not statistically significant to the segments exposed to 100% N2 and perfused without arginine. Conclusion The addition of L-Arginine and nanoparticles to the perfusate prevents ischemic injury in distal colon and all segments of the small intestine in an ex vivo animal perfusion model. L-NAME blocks this protective anti-ischemic effect of L-Arginine. In intestinal ischemic injury, several death signals activate the apoptotic and inflammatory pathways and result in the production of reactive oxygen species. We show that L-Arginine successfully prevents this via the NO production pathway. Nanoparticles targeting the CaSR also mitigate ischemic damage in the intestine. These results suggest that the use of L-Arginine and nanoparticles may be a potential method of reducing ischemic and inflammatory injury during intestinal harvesting/transport perfusion.
Improved Dispersibility of Nano-sized Barium Ferrite Particles by Carbon Coating for Magnetic Recording Media (2008)

Magnetic particles such as barium ferrite particles, with finer size, higher magnetic properties and higher dispersibility are required to produce excellent magnetic recording media.Nano-sized Barium ferrite particles, which were synthesized with hydro-thermal method, were able to be coated by carbon black layer. Carbon-coated barium ferrite particles were easily dispersed into primary particles achieving small surface roughness (Ra) on a magnetic tape. The stacking condition between particles seemed to be eased in order to achieve lower switching field distribution (SFD) and higher orientation performances. The electric resistance of magnetic tape was sufficiently reduced. As a result, suitable magnetic recording media with higher performances were derived by using carboncoated barium ferrite particles.
Outcome of reoperative valve surgery via right thoracotomy. (1996)

Right thoracotomy is a safe, feasible alternative to median sternotomy for selected reoperative mitral valve patients and should be considered whenever repeat sternotomy could prove hazardous.
Malassezia restricta-mediated Lipoperoxidation: A Novel Trigger in Dandruff (2023)

Dandruff is a common scalp disorder with multiple microbial and host-related factors contributing to its aetiology, including alterations in scalp sebum. Despite existing evidence that the yeast Malassezia restricta plays a key role in the onset of dandruff, the interplay of these factors is poorly understood. Recently, squalene monohydroperoxide and malondialdehyde were established as biomarkers of dandruff-afflicted scalp, highlighting the role of sebum lipoperoxidation in the triggering and maintenance of dandruff, although its mechanism of action is unknown. The current study provides evidence that M. restricta mediates sebum peroxidation, leading to production of squalene monohydroperoxide and malondialdehyde. Furthermore, in vitro data show that these lipoperoxidation products act on epidermal cells and alter the skin barrier. These results support the role of Malassezia restricta-induced lipoperoxides as triggers of dandruff, which suggests that blocking their production could be a novel anti-dandruff treatment approach.
Highly substituted fullerene based spin-on organic hardmasks (2020)

Irresistible Materials has previously introduced the HM340 series of fullerene based spin-on carbon hardmasks, and reported on material characterization, including very high carbon content and high thermal stability. The materials have a low Ohnishi number providing high etch durability and the low hydrogen level allows for high resolution etching without wiggling. In order to further increase semiconductor facilities (Fab) compatibility, thermal stability and etch resistance several new formulations are under development. Here we present the latest results for our new HM1360 series, avoiding the drain test issues encountered with higher concentration HM340 formulations, together with new and updated characterisation results for the more advanced formulations.
Evidence of carbon monoxide-mediated phase advancement of the yeast metabolic cycle (2009)

Prototrophic strains of budding yeast exhibit robust metabolic cycles during continuous growth under nutrient-limiting conditions. Previous studies revealed periodic fluctuations of aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of heme, indicating that heme biosynthesis is temporally regulated during these metabolic cycles. The enzyme that catabolizes heme, heme oxygenase, was found to be expressed in a highly periodic manner at both the mRNA and protein level. Heme oxygenase generates the biological gas, carbon monoxide (CO), as a product of heme catabolism. It is shown that pulsed administration of CO induces a phase advancement into the oxidative, respiratory phase of the metabolic cycles. This CO-mediated phase advancement takes place only if the gas is administered during the temporal window when it is predicted to be generated. It is further shown that a yeast strain bearing a targeted deletion of the gene encoding heme oxygenase displays protracted metabolic cycles. These observations provide evidence that gaseous CO may function as a cellular signaling molecule that helps cue metabolic cycling.
Experimental investigation on wideband intermodulation distortion compensation characteristics of 3.5-GHz band 140-W class feed-forward power amplifier employing GaN HEMTs (2010)

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the wideband intermodulation distortion compensation characteristics of a 3.5-GHz feed-forward power amplifier for mobile base stations. The fabricated 3.5-GHz band 140-W class feed-forward power amplifier employing gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) achieves the intermodulation distortion compensation bandwidth of 160 MHz at the output power of 12.5 W and the adjacent channel leakage power ratio of −45 dBc using a long term evolution test signal with the bandwidth of 5 MHz. The results confirm that the feed-forward power amplifier with GaN HEMTs is a worthwhile linearizer because it offers wideband intermodulation distortion compensation performance to 3.5-GHz band mobile base stations.
Risk Factors for Bronchiectasis in Children With Cystic Fibrosis (2014)

Sly, Peter D.; Gangell, Catherine L.; Chen, Linping; Ware, Robert S.; Ranganathan, Sarath; Mott, Lauren S.; Murray, Conor P.; Stick, Stephen M. for the AREST CF (Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis) Investigators Author Information
Modelling and analysis of a micro variable capacitance electromechanical energy converter (2006)

This paper provides the modeling strategy an in-depth analysis of a variable capacitance micromachine (VCM). It gives an insight into the effects of machine geometry, on capacitance and torque profiles of the machine. Tangential and radial components of the electrostatic forces in the air gap of the machine have been investigated to explore the effects of mutual flux. These studies have been performed using the finite element model of an 8/6, four phase micro VCM. Furthermore, the analytical modeling of the phase capacitance of the machine has been discussed. Also, dynamic model of the machine has been developed in SIMULINK, to maximize torque/volt of the machine
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of New Silver Ion Conductors Ag7Fe3(X2O7)4 (X: P, As). (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.