gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser Doppler anemometer measurements of mean velocity and turbulence in internal combustion engines (1984)

Because fluid motions inside an engine cylinder exert a strong influence on combustion and consequent engine performance, measurements of in-cylinder flow fields can be valuable input to the design of better internal-combustion engines. Laser Doppler anemometry provides a means of measuring the in-cylinder gas velocities in both motoring and firing engines. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of LDA (laser Doppler anemometer) measurements in engine cylinders. Representative LDA systems and some of the practical problems encountered in their application to engines are described. In an engine, the inlet flow is highly three-dimensional with a very complicated in-cylinder flow. After the inlet flow stops, the fluid motions tend to become more organized; a precessing vortical flow is typically observed. Sample flow-field measurements are presented for some different engine types. Alternative data-reduction schemes and their identification of mean velocity and turbulence are discussed, along with examples of the same data reduced in different ways.
User-trainable video annotation using multimodal cues (2003)

This paper describes progress towards a general framework for incorporating multimodal cues into a trainable system for automatically annotating user-defined semantic concepts in broadcast video. Models of arbitrary concepts are constructed by building classifiers in a score space defined by a pre-deployed set of multimodal models. Results show annotation for user-defined concepts both in and outside the pre-deployed set is competitive with our best video-only models on the TREC Video 2002 corpus. An interesting side result shows speech-only models give performance comparable to our best video-only models for detecting visual concepts such as "outdoors", "face" and "cityscape".
Interview. Il faut donner aux collectivités plus de visibilité sur les évolutions financières à venir (2017)

Alors que les collectivités contribuent au redressement des finances publiques, la contractualisation entre les acteurs locaux et l’État est la solution adéquate, affirme Patrick Le Lidec, chargé de recherches au CNRS au Centre d'études européennes de Sciences Po. L’occasion également pour le chercheur d’analyser les propositions des candidats à l’élection présidentielle intéressant les collectivités et leurs sources d’économies potentielles.
Digital Signal Processing Technology For R-DAT (1986)

As one of consumer audio equipment, the CD (Compact Disc) player has come into wide use since its commercialization of 1982 for its high quality sound, easy operation and low price. The Direct Broadcasting Satellite (DBS) service has started in Japan in 1984. On the other hand, the Digital Audio Tape recorder (DAT) which has both recording and reproducing function and easy recording from these digitalized audio sources, is expected to be a next-generation audio product.
Toward adaptive radiotherapy for head and neck patients: Uncertainties in dose warping due to the choice of deformable registration algorithm (2015)

The authors evaluated several DIR algorithms for CT-to-CBCT registrations. In spite of all methods resulting in comparable geometrical matching, the choice of DIR implementation leads to uncertainties in dose warped, particularly in regions of high gradient and/or poor imaging quality.
Interferometric fiber optic temperature sensor using a low-coherence light source (1990)

An interferometric fiber optic sensor employing a light emitting diode (LED) as the optical source and two fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FFPI) which were fabricated in continuous length of a single-mode silica fiber is analyzed. The performance as a temperature sensor is demonstrated and the predicted behavior is confirmed.
Cloud tracking by scale space classification (2002)

The problem of cloud tracking within a sequence of geo-stationary satellite images has direct relevance to the analysis of cloud life cycles and to the detection of cloud motion vectors (CMVs). The proposed approach first identifies a homogeneous consistent cloud mass for tracking and then establishes motion correspondence within an image sequence. In contrast to the crosscorrelation based approach as adopted in automatic CMV detection analysis, a scale space classifier is designed to detect cloud mass in the source image taken at time t and the destination image at time t+/spl delta/t. Boundaries of the extracted cloud segments are matched by computing a correspondence between high curvature points. This shape based method is capable of tracking in the cases of rotation, scaling, and shearing, while the correlation technique is limited to translational motion. The final tracking results provide motion magnitude and direction for each contour point, allowing reliable estimation of meteorological events and wind velocities aloft. With comparable computational expense, the scale space classification technique exceeds the performance of the traditional correlation-based approach in terms of reduced localization error and false matches.
Peptide Borono Lectins (PBLs): A New Tool for Glycomics and Cancer Diagnostics (2007)

Peptide borono lectins (PBLs) have been synthesized and shown to bind glycoproteins dependant on the glycoprotein and PBL structures. The binding is reversible and it has been demonstrated that both selective and cross-reactive PBLs can be identified. The potential utility of these PBLs as a cancer diagnostic has been demonstrated.
Diffusiophoretic Particle Penetration into Bacterial Biofilms (2023)

Bacterial biofilms are communities of cells adhered to surfaces. These communities represent a predominant form of bacterial life on Earth. A defining feature of a biofilm is the three-dimensional extracellular polymer matrix that protects resident cells by acting as a mechanical barrier to the penetration of chemicals, such as antimicrobials. Beyond being recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment, biofilms are notoriously difficult to remove from surfaces. A promising, but relatively underexplored, approach to biofilm control is to disrupt the extracellular polymer matrix by enabling penetration of particles to increase the susceptibility of biofilms to antimicrobials. In this work, we investigate externally imposed chemical gradients as a mechanism to transport polystyrene particles into bacterial biofilms. We show that preconditioning the biofilm with a prewash step using deionized (DI) water is essential for altering the biofilm so it takes up the micro- and nanoparticles by the application of a further chemical gradient created by an electrolyte. Using different particles and chemicals, we document the transport behavior that leads to particle motion into the biofilm and its further reversal out of the biofilm. Our results demonstrate the importance of chemical gradients in disrupting the biofilm matrix and regulating particle transport in crowded macromolecular environments, and suggest potential applications of particle transport and delivery in other physiological systems.
Information retrieval in neural networks. - I. Eigenproblems in neural networks (1987)

Consideration of the eigenproblem of the synaptic matrix in Hopfield's model of neural networks suggests to introduce a matrix built up from an orthogonal set, orthogonal to the original memories. With this new scheme, capacity storage is significantly enhanced and robustness at least conserved.
Application of Magnetic Resonance Techniques to the In Situ Characterization of Li-Ion Batteries: A Review (2020)

In situ magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, such as nuclear MR and MR imaging, have recently gained significant attention in the battery community because of their ability to provide real-time quantitative information regarding material chemistry, ion distribution, mass transport, and microstructure formation inside an operating electrochemical cell. MR techniques are non-invasive and non-destructive, and they can be applied to both liquid and solid (crystalline, disordered, or amorphous) samples. Additionally, MR equipment is available at most universities and research and development centers, making MR techniques easily accessible for scientists worldwide. In this review, we will discuss recent research results in the field of in situ MR for the characterization of Li-ion batteries with a particular focus on experimental setups, such as pulse sequence programming and cell design, for overcoming the complications associated with the heterogeneous nature of energy storage devices. A comprehensive approach combining proper hardware and software will allow researchers to collect reliable high-quality data meeting industrial standards.
Microstructural and Electrical Characterisation of La<sub>x</sub>Ba<sub>1-x</sub>Ti<sub>1-x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0≦ x≦ 0.50) Ceramics (2006)

LaxBa1-xTi1-xYxO3 (0≤x≤0.5) powders were synthesised in air at 1400°C by the conventional solid state method. According to the X-ray results, the tetragonal distortion in undoped (x=0) BaTiO3 (space group P4mm) decreases with x and samples with x ≥0.05 show cubic symmetry (space group Pm3m). For x≥0.05, the lattice parameter increases linearly with x, until orthorhombic LaYO3 appears as a secondary phase for x&gt;0.45. Dielectric properties of dense (&gt;95% of the theoretical X-ray density) ceramics were studied at both radio and microwave frequencies. The permittivity maximum is shifted towards lower temperatures with increasing x and a broad permittivity peak is observed for samples with 0.05&lt;x&lt;0.30. These samples exhibit a dielectric response typical of “relaxor”-type materials. In contrast, ceramics with x=0.40 exhibit almost temperature independent dielectric properties (τf=+12 ppm/K) and although they resonate at microwave frequencies they have low quality factors (Q.f≤ 755 at ~5 GHz). Finally, conventional transmission electron microscopy combined with electron diffraction studies were carried out to provide a better understanding of structure-property relationships in LaxBa1-xTi1-xYxO3 ceramics.
Tritium Assay by Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry (1960)

Data have been presented which indicate that the liquid scintillation spectrometer provides a convenient and accurate method for the assay of tritium in body fluids. By means of arterial disappearance curves and comparative measurements of concentrations in plasma, transudates, and cerebrospinal fluid from 1 to 6 hours after simultaneous injection, the distribution rates of tritiated water were compared to those of deuterium oxide. No significant difference was found in the behavior of these tracers under the conditions of this study. It is concluded, therefore, that THO and D2O are equally reliable for studies on the kinetics of water distribution and for the measurement of total body water.
In vitro biostability evaluation of polyurethane composites in acidic, basic, oxidative, and neutral solutions (2007)

New and improved properties can often be achieved by compounding two or more different but compatible materials. But, can failure possibility also be increased by such a compounding strategy? In this article, we compared the in vitro biostability of composites with that of the pure polymer. We tested three model composites in oxidative, acidic, basic, and neutral solutions. We found that oxidation degradation was much more profound in the composites than in the corresponding pure polymer. This degradation seemed to be an intrinsic property of composite materials. We also observed the well documented interfacial debonding between filler and matrix and its effects on the mechanical reinforcement of the hydrated composites. The improvements in acid and base resistance were also observed.
Characterization of X-ray Dose in Murine Animals Using microCT, a New Low-Dose Detector and nanoDot Dosimeters (2012)

This study shows that the Inveon CT platform is suitable for imaging mice both for single and longitudinal studies. Use of low-dose detector hardware results in significant reductions in dose to subjects with a >12x (90%) reduction in delivered dose. Installation of this hardware on another in vivo microCT platform resulted in dose reductions of over 9x (89%).
Front Matter: Volume 6902 (2008)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6902, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
A Flexible Dry ECG Patch for Heart Rate Variability Monitoring (2020)

A flexible dry ECG patch for continuous heart rate variablity monitoring is presented in this paper. A flexible dry ECG patch with a polymide substrate was designed. The hardware compromises of an ECG front end, an ultra low power controller for wireless Bluetooth data transmission and a power management block. The ECG electrodes were also fabricated on the flip-side of the same polymide substrate. The electrodes were screen printed on the flexible polymide substrate using carbon ink. We demonstrate the working of the flexible dry ECG patch with experimental data on a human subject.
Wide Spectrum Terahertz-Wave Generation From Nonlinear Waveguides (2012)

We have obtained efficient terahertz (THz)-wave generation from surface-emitting or waveguide propagation using Cherenkov-type radiation with nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals. This approach presented the following advantages: 1) many crystals can be used as THz-wave emitters; 2) it is not necessary to satisfy the phase-matching condition inside the crystal; and 3) THz-wave generation is not suppressed by the absorption in the crystal. We demonstrated that the THz-wave generation was enhanced 50× by suppressing the phase mismatch with a surfing configuration for bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) crystals. Using the prism-coupled Cherenkov phase-matching method with organic crystal 4-dimethylamino-N-metyl-4-stilbazolium tosylate, we produced tunable THz radiation within ~0.1-10 THz. There was no evidence of significant absorption in the crystal. To show the advantages of the waveguide emitter, we demonstrated THz generation using a ridge-type LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> waveguide with a thickness of 3.8 μm. We obtained THz-wave generation with an ideal temporal half-cycle pulse and a wide tuning range, which is applied to reflection tomography imaging.
Elaboration of a General Strategy for Inhibition of myo-Inositol 1-Phosphate Synthase:  Active Site Interactions of Analogues Possessing Oxidized Reaction Centers (1996)

In addition to being an intermediate along the reaction coordinate catalyzed by myo-inositol 1-phosphate (MIP) synthase, myo-2-inosose 1-phosphate is a 3.6 μM competititve inhibitor of the enzyme at pH 7.2. To probe the importance of the oxidized reaction center in myo-2-inosose 1-phosphate to active site interactions and gauge the relative contribution of the keto form to these interactions, three analogues have been examined for MIP synthase inhibition. 2-Deoxy-myo-inositol 1-phosphate is used to gauge the impact of removing the oxidized reaction center of myo-2-inosose 1-phosphate. 1-Deoxy-1-(phosphonomethyl)-myo-2-inosose, with a methylene group substituted for the phosphate monoester oxygen of myo-2-inosose 1-phosphate, exists in neutral aqueous solution exclusively in its keto form. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate provides insights into the minimum set of structural requirements for inhibition of MIP synthase. 2-Deoxy-myo-inositol 1-phosphate was a 170 μM competitive inhibitor at pH 7.2, which is a 47-fold reduction in inhibitor potency relative to myo-2-inosose phosphate. Competitive inhibition of MIP synthase by 1-deoxy-1-(phosphonomethyl)-myo-2-inosose was dependent on solution pH with inhibition constants of 6.4, 37, and 160 μM measured, respectively, at pH 8.0, 7.2, and 6.4. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate was a 700 μM competitive inhibitor of MIP synthase at pH 7.2. The measured inhibition constants do not allow MIP synthase inhibition to be unambiguously assigned to the keto form of myo-2-inosose 1-phosphate. However, the examined analogues of myo-2-inosose 1-phosphate do establish the importance of active site interactions with an oxidized reaction center and suggest that this approach may be a general strategy for inhibiting MIP synthase.
FRAMES multiple access for UMTS and IMT-2000 (1998)

This article presents the FRAMES multiple access (FMA) concept designed for third-generation mobile radio systems. The concept consists of two modes, TDMA-based FMA1 and CDMA-based FMA2, which have contributed to the standardization processes of third-generation systems. FMA1 uses the TDMA slot structure where spreading can be applied inside the slot or, alternatively, plain TDMA-type transmission can be used. FMA2 is a single-carrier wideband CDMA solution using a 4.096 Mchips/s basic chip rate. The FMA concept facilitates common upper-layer protocol structure as well as GSM backwards compatibility for evolution from second-generation systems to third-generation mobile radio systems. The defined concept fulfils the UMTS/IMT-2000 requirements in providing the services needed for the next millennium.
Reinterpretation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy (2019)

Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit a unique radial breathing mode (RBM) band (∼100–300 cm–1) and a G– peak (∼1570 cm–1), along with a D band (∼1350 cm–1). We show that the typical Raman signals for SWNTs are the signature of their helical structure determined using density functional theory simulation and structural analysis for hydrogenated and dehydrogenated SWNT samples. We demonstrate that the G– mode at ∼1570 cm–1 is unique to opened tubular graphene structures of ∼2 nm diameter. We also demonstrate that the D mode of ∼1350 cm–1 is originated from edge defects of opened SWNTs, revealing strong eigenvectors, which is absent in concentric tubes. We also report a radial–tangential mode (RTM) for concentric and opened SWNTs, which appears following RBM. We also interpret the low-energy Raman signal, reported as an RBM band, to be convolution of “localized RBM” (∼170 cm–1) and RTM (∼190 cm–1) for helical SWNTs. We also show that the analysis of the Raman spectra of SWNTs is consistent with general understanding on Raman analysis of carbon materials.
Randomness dependence and generation mechanism of stimulated emission in regularly arranged InGaN/GaN nanocolumns (2017)

We report the dependence of randomness in sample configuration on stimulated emission phenomena in two-dimensional nanocolumn arrays. From the wavelength selectivity of the photoluminescence, we found that the stimulated emission is apparently related to a distributed feedback mechanism. By comparing the emission behavior between two regularly arranged InGaN/GaN nanocolumn samples with different degrees of randomness, we found that localization effects become prominent if the sample array has any randomness, even in an almost perfect sample. Several modes are localized at different areas in the nanostructures and partially overlap in space, and they compete with each other, especially in a slightly imperfect sample. In addition to the randomness dependence, by observing the wave number space images of the photoluminescence, we confirmed that the stimulated emission phenomena in the crystal arrays are generated by Bragg diffraction at photonic band edges, though the modes have some degree of variability via the sample randomness.
On Usable Authentication for Wireless Body Area Networks (2010)

We examine a specific security problem in wireless body area networks (WBANs), what we call the one body authentication problem. That is, how can we ensure that the wireless sensors in a WBAN are collecting data about one individual and not several individuals. We explore existing solutions to this problem and provide some analysis why these solutions are inadequate. Finally, we provide some direction towards a promising solution to the problem and how it can be used to create a usably secure WBAN. 1
Plant Cell Walls: Basics of Structure, Chemistry, Accessibility and the Influence on Conversion (2013)

This chapter briefly surveys the basics of plant cell-wall structure and composition as well as the variability of lignocellulose in plants that relate to pretreatment. It then returns to the chemical components of lignocellulose, first lignin and then cellulose. The discussion of hemicellulose focuses on its branching, decorations, and cross-linkages. The chapter also discusses the influences of the microscopic structure of biomass: the tissue, cellular, and macromolecular-scale architecture that contributes to recalcitrance. Finally, it surveys how molecular modeling and computer simulation is being used to explore biomass structure and chemistry, and to inform the nature of recalcitrance in lignocellulosic biomass.
Cluster Alignment with a Teacher for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2019)

Deep learning methods have shown promise in unsupervised domain adaptation, which aims to leverage a labeled source domain to learn a classifier for the unlabeled target domain with a different distribution. However, such methods typically learn a domain-invariant representation space to match the marginal distributions of the source and target domains, while ignoring their fine-level structures. In this paper, we propose Cluster Alignment with a Teacher (CAT) for unsupervised domain adaptation, which can effectively incorporate the discriminative clustering structures in both domains for better adaptation. Technically, CAT leverages an implicit ensembling teacher model to reliably discover the class-conditional structure in the feature space for the unlabeled target domain. Then CAT forces the features of both the source and the target domains to form discriminative class-conditional clusters and aligns the corresponding clusters across domains. Empirical results demonstrate that CAT achieves state-of-the-art results in several unsupervised domain adaptation scenarios.
Distributed Sensor Localization in Random Environments Using Minimal Number of Anchor Nodes (2009)

The paper introduces DILOC, a distributed, iterative algorithm to locate M sensors (with unknown locations) in R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> , m ges 1, with respect to a minimal number of m + 1 anchors with known locations. The sensors and anchors, nodes in the network, exchange data with their neighbors only; no centralized data processing or communication occurs, nor is there a centralized fusion center to compute the sensors' locations. DILOC uses the barycentric coordinates of a node with respect to its neighbors; these coordinates are computed using the Cayley-Menger determinants, i.e., the determinants of matrices of internode distances. We show convergence of DILOC by associating with it an absorbing Markov chain whose absorbing states are the states of the anchors. We introduce a stochastic approximation version extending DILOC to random environments, i.e., when the communications among nodes is noisy, the communication links among neighbors may fail at random times, and the internodes distances are subject to errors. We show a.s. convergence of the modified DILOC and characterize the error between the true values of the sensors' locations and their final estimates given by DILOC. Numerical studies illustrate DILOC under a variety of deterministic and random operating conditions.