gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parent node discovery time reduction algorithm for low-power wireless sensor networks (2017)

In multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consisting of intermittent operating nodes, increases the processing time in the parent node discovery phase is an important issue because in the conventional parent node discovery method, the joining node chooses a parent node from among all its neighboring nodes. In the proposed scheme, if a neighboring node satisfies the parent selection condition (e.g. having a minimum packet loss rate) for the joining node, it informs the joining node before the other nodes that do not satisfy the condition, allowing the joining node to choose it as a parent node first. In the scheme, neighboring nodes change the timing with which they reply in an autonomous distributed manner by a parameter defined in the scheme. To determine the relationship between the parameter and the processing time spent in the parent node discovery phase, we measured the processing time with wireless units, also in the environment where the hidden node problem happens. The results show that the processing time increases due to a collision caused by the hidden node problem when the parameter is quite small. The processing time also increases due to delay of first reply from a neighboring node when the parameter is quite large. However, the processing time reduces in the middle range of the parameter and the range is wide. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be applied to WSNs such that the number of the hidden nodes and the neighboring nodes cannot be determined precisely.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR DIELS‐ALDER CYCLIZATION OF CONJUGATED ALDEHYDES. SYNTHESIS OF A CHLOROTHRICOLIDE INTERMEDIATE (1985)

Abstract Aus dem funktionellen TrienoI‐carbonsäureester (Ia) erhält man nach Silylierung über den Alkohol (II) den Aldehyd (III), der mit Ethylaluminiumdichlorid zu (IV) cyclisiert werden kann.
Cell surface expression and biosynthesis of epithelial Na+ channels (1998)

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) complex is composed of three homologous subunits: alpha, beta and gamma. Mutations in ENaC subunits can increase the number of channels on the cell surface, causing a hereditary form of hypertension called Liddle's syndrome, or can decrease channel activity, causing pseudohypoaldosteronism type I, a salt-wasting disease of infancy. To investigate surface expression, we studied ENaC subunits expressed in COS-7 and HEK293 cells. Using surface biotinylation and protease sensitivity, we found that when individual ENaC subunits are expressed alone, they traffic to the cell surface. The subunits are glycosylated with high-mannose oligosaccharides, but seem to have the carbohydrate removed before they reach the cell surface. Moreover, subunits form a complex that cannot be disrupted by several non-ionic detergents. The pattern of glycosylation and detergent solubility/insolubility persists when the N-teminal and C-terminal cytoplasmic regions of ENaC are removed. With co-expression of all three ENaC subunits, the insoluble complex is the predominant species. These results show that ENaC and its family members are unique in their trafficking, biochemical characteristics and post-translational modifications.
Electrospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry fingerprinting of Acanthophis (death adder) venoms: taxonomic and toxinological implications (2002)

Death adders (genus Acanthophis) are unique among elapid snakes in both morphology and venom composition. Despite this genus being among the most divergent of all elapids, the venom has been historically regarded as relatively quite simple. In this study, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis has revealed a much greater diversity in venom composition, including the presence of molecules of novel molecular weights that may represent a new class of venom component. Furthermore, significant variation exists between species and populations, which allow for the LC/MS fingerprinting of each species. Mass profiling of Acanthophis venoms clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of this technique which underpins fundamental studies ranging from chemotaxonomy to drug design.
Postimplant biological aortic prosthesis degeneration: challenges in transcatheter valve implants (2018)

Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is highly effective and can be achieved with relatively low risk in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Bioprostheses have been used most frequently during the past 60 years. However, the function of biological valves usually declines after 10-15 years from implant when structural valve degeneration occurs often mandating a reoperation once valve dysfunction becomes haemodynamically significant. Known for many years by surgeons and cardiologists taking care of patients with SAVR, the issue of postimplant structural valve degeneration has been recently highlighted also in patients with transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI). There is growing concern that TAVI valves exhibit structural valve degeneration due to inherent challenges of the deployment mode. The impact on postimplant degeneration of TAVI valves compared to SAVR has still to be understood and defined. Based on the ongoing process of expanding TAVI indications, several potential shortcomings and caveats, learned during the last 60 years of SAVR experience, should be taken into consideration to refine this technique.
Codebook Requirements for Estimating Multi-Antenna SAR in Linear Time (2019)

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is an exposure safety measure used by regulatory agencies for determining the compliance of portable wireless transmitting devices. It has been shown that compliance of devices with multiple transmitter chains operating at a single frequency can be determined with measurement time that is linear in the number of antennas per probe location. One known example relies on a specific set of excitation signals that turns on one or two antennas at a time. We provide a general requirement on the excitation signals such that a wide class of signals can be used for SAR compliance in linear time. This general requirement allows a subset of the signal "codebook" of the device to be considered as the excitation signals for SAR compliance. We give an example where the excitation signals turn all of the antennas on simultaneously and show its advantages over the existing method.
Abstract 1461: A miR-221 multigene pharmacodynamic signature for assessing miR-221 inhibition (2014)

Abstract miR-221 targets key cancer pathways, inhibits translation of important tumor suppressors, and is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Aberrant miR-221 expression has been linked to HCC progression, while inhibition of miR-221 has been shown to reduce tumor growth. In preclinical models, miR-221 inhibition can be assessed by measuring de-repression of known miR-221 target genes such as p27. However, changes in individual microRNA target genes are often small and model-dependent; and comprehensive assessment of pharmacodynamic (PD) effects following microRNA inhibition is often challenging. Herein, we present a miR-221 multigene PD signature that can assess miR-221 target engagement with a large dynamic window and work across different human HCC models following miR-221 inhibition. In the first stage, we transfected five different human HCC lines with two chemically-modified oligonucleotides that inhibit miR-221 functions (miR-221 anti-miRs) and a microRNA-duplex that mimics miR-221/222 functions (mimic). The resulting global mRNA expression changes were compared to mock treated cells using GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (Affymetrix). Ninety unique human genes with transcripts containing conserved and/or 8-mer target seeds (TargetScan), that significantly went up and down after anti-miR-221s and mimic treatment respectively, were further profiled with qPCR in the second stage. Out of the 90 tested transcripts, 62 of them were significantly up-regulated by anti-miR-221s but not by control oligonucleotides (either mismatch or targeting unrelated microRNAs). From the 62 genes, an optimal multigene signature consisted of 13 unique human genes normalized by 6 reference housekeeping genes was identified. We also devised a “miR-221 signature score” and demonstrated that our multigene signature can separate miR-221 anti-miRs treatment from control oligonucleotides with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. We further validated this multigene signature by demonstrating that it correctly distinguished miR-221 anti-miRs treatment from controls in three additional HCC cell lines in vitro and one HCC model in vivo. In summary, our miR-221 multigene PD signature analysis provided a comprehensive assessment of miR-221 inhibition, with significantly larger dynamic window compare to individual gene analysis, that may be used to discover, rank order and guide the development of novel miR-221 anti-miRs for the treatment of human cancers. Citation Format: Adam Pavlicek, Thomas Vincent, Oivin Guicherit, Nelson Chau, Sonya Zabludoff, Neil Gibson, Edmund C. Lee. A miR-221 multigene pharmacodynamic signature for assessing miR-221 inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1461. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1461
Validation of iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 Real-Time PCR Test Kit for Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Selected Foods (2009)

iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) is a real-time PCR kit for detection of E. coli O157:H7 from selected foods. Specific fluorescent oligonucleotide probes are used to detect target DNA during the amplification, by hybridizing to the amplicons. These fluorescent probes are linked to a fluorophore which fluoresces only when hybridized to the target sequence. Three foods (ground beef, apple cider, fresh spinach) were selected to compare the performance of iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 to the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (MLG) reference method for ground beef and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual reference method for apple cider and fresh spinach. Three protocols were tested in this study: a shortened 8 h primary enrichment in buffered peptone water (BPW), a 24 h enrichment in BPW, and an enrichment in appropriate reference method enrichment broth. The iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 method was able to identify more true/confirmed positive samples than the reference method. Inclusivity and exclusivity rates of the method were 100%. iQ-Check E. coli O157:H7 performed as expected when minor procedural variations were introduced, validating the ruggedness of the method. There was no significant difference observed in performance over the shelf life of the kit.
Self Starting Femtosecond Ti Saphire Laser Intercavity Multiquantum Well Saturable Absorber (1995)

A mode-locked solid state laser is disclosed for generating ultrashort optical pulses from solid state material. The laser can comprise a solid state gain medium, at least one mirror connected to the medium and a semiconductor multiple quantum well saturable (MQW) absorber in contact with the mirror, for mode-locking the solid state gain medium. The solid state medium can be composed of but is not limited to Titanium Sapphire, Cr:YAG, Cr:Fosterite, Nd:YAG, Nd:glass, color center lasers, semiconductor diode lasers, optically active fiber lasers, and the like. The absorber can include a structure consisting of 70 Angstrom wells of GaAs and 100 Angstrom barriers of AlGaAs. The generated optical pulses can be used in a wide variety of applications such as diagnostic testing, communications, computers, medicine, automotive applications and the like.
Experimental and theoretical limits of random phase transducers (2003)

A simple incoherent processing theory is developed for random-phase transducers. To control the spatial coherence, a moving random-phase screen (RPS) is located across the beam of a coherent transducer. Envelope detection and spectral analysis are then processed for each position of the random-phase screen and the averaging of these data performed on a set of RPS locations. The proposed theoretical model allows the prediction of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and of the beam profile in monochromatic mode. This model gives the optimal choice for the random phase screen statistics. It shows that there is a simple relation between the SNR improvement and the number of speckle grains intercepted by the phase screen. Experimental results are presented on the decorrelation efficiency, the defocusing effect the effect of envelope averaging, and spectral averaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses (2007)

Type I interferons (IFNs) play an essential role in the host response to viral infection through the induction of numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), including important antiviral molecules such as PKR, RNase L, Mx, and iNOS. Yet, additional antiviral ISGs likely exist. IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin homolog that is rapidly up-regulated after viral infection, and it conjugates to a wide array of host proteins. Although it has been hypothesized that ISG15 functions as an antiviral molecule, the initial evaluation of ISG15-deficient mice revealed no defects in their responses to vesicular stomatitis virus or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, leaving open the important question of whether ISG15 is an antiviral molecule in vivo. Here we demonstrate that ISG15 is critical for the host response to viral infection. ISG15-/- mice are more susceptible to influenza A/WSN/33 and influenza B/Lee/40 virus infections. ISG15-/- mice also exhibited increased susceptibility to both herpes simplex virus type 1 and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection and to Sindbis virus infection. The increased susceptibility of ISG15-/- mice to Sindbis virus infection was rescued by expressing wild-type ISG15, but not a mutant form of ISG15 that cannot form conjugates, from the Sindbis virus genome. The demonstration of ISG15 as a novel antiviral molecule with activity against both RNA and DNA viruses provides a target for the development of therapies against important human pathogens.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of a Phosphoramidite Building Block of C8‐Deoxyguanosine Adducts of Aromatic Amines. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2‐Furoyl‐LIGRL‐NH2, a potent agonist for proteinase‐activated receptor‐2, as a gastric mucosal cytoprotective agent in mice (2005)

1. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)), expressed in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons, plays a protective role in gastric mucosa. The present study evaluated gastric mucosal cytoprotective effect of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2), a novel highly potent PAR(2) agonist, in ddY mice and in wild-type and PAR(2)-knockout mice of C57BL/6 background. 2. Gastric mucosal injury was created by oral administration of HCl/ethanol solution in the mice. The native PAR(2)-activating peptide SLIGRL-NH(2), administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 0.3-1 micromol kg(-1) in combination with amastatin, an aminopeptidase inhibitor, but not alone, revealed gastric mucosal protection in ddY mice, which was abolished by ablation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. 3. I.p. administration of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) at 0.1 micromol kg(-1), without combined treatment with amastatin, exhibited gastric mucosal cytoprotective activity in ddY mice, the potency being much greater than SLIGRL-NH(2) in combination with amastatin. This effect was also inhibited by capsaicin pretreatment. 4. Oral administration of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) at 0.003-0.03 micromol kg(-1) also protected against gastric mucosal lesion in a capsaicin-reversible manner in ddY mice. 5. I.p. 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) at 0.1-0.3 micromol kg(-1) caused prompt salivation in anesthetized mice, whereas its oral administration at 0.003-1 micromol kg(-1) was incapable of eliciting salivation. 6. In wild-type, but not PAR(2)-knockout, mice of C57BL/6 background, i.p. administration of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) caused gastric mucosal protection. 7. Thus, 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) is considered a potent and orally available gastric mucosal protective agent. Our data also substantiate a role for PAR(2) in gastric mucosal protection and the selective nature of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2).
Effect of 3 T magnetic field on RF plasma sputtering in an ITER-relevant first mirror unit (2022)

Abstract The first mirror (FM) cleaning operations in ITER are expected to be executed in the presence of a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:math> T magnetic field. In the RF plasma cleaning configuration, this would have a significant influence on the plasma properties, ion energy, angle of incidence as well as flux spatial distribution. To this end, RF discharges were excited in an ITER-sized mock-up of a first mirror unit (FMU) consisting of a powered first mirror M1 and a grounded second mirror M2 placed in a homogeneous 3 T magnetic field. The plasma discharge was confined in a beam extending in the direction of the magnetic field, consequently wetting a limited portion of the FMU walls. In the DC-decoupled scheme (without λ /4 filter), this considerably influenced the self-bias voltage V DC that develops on M1. Changing the angle α between M1 normal and magnetic field, modified the plasma wetted wall area A g and the resulting V DC varied by over two orders of magnitude. Plasma exposure experiments were also done in the DC-coupled scheme (with λ /4 filter), wherein the angle and wetted surface determined the area of wall sputtered. Increasing α led to an increase in the sputtered wall area A g , and consequently the wall deposition on grounded M2. However, in all the cases M1 was entirely clean with the exception of edge deposits in some. In contrast, both M1 and M2 are coated with wall deposits in the absence of a magnetic field and a similar plasma exposure. The results show that plasma cleaning with λ /4 filter in a 3 T magnetic field at ITER could potentially prevent the parasitic wall deposition on FMs. The results also highlight the importance of FM orientation in the magnetic field and the wetted area in the plasma cleaning in both the DC-coupled and decoupled schemes within the ITER diagnostic systems.
Synthese von S/T-Netzen aus unendlichen partiellen Sprachen (2006)

In dieser Arbeit diskutieren Term-basierte endliche Reprasentationen eingeschrankter Klassen unendlicher partieller Sprachen, aus denen sich effektiv mit Hilfe einer RegionenTheorie S/T-Netze synthetisieren lassen. Die Algorithmen basieren auf einem kurzlich in [Lor06] vorgestellten Konzept fur Regionen partieller Sprachen und einem daraus abgeleiteten Synthesealgorithmus fur endliche partielle Sprachen.
Social and psychological commitments in multiagent systems (1991)

Commitment is a central concept in Artificial Intelligence (AI). At least two kinds of commitments can be identified that have been used in AI - the internal or psychological and the external or social. While the former has been explicit in AI theory, the latter has often been ignored (though it is given more importance in other disciplines, and indeed even in AI practice). The many roles of social commitment in AI are discussed within. It is argued that while social and psychological commitments are related, they must not be conflated with each other. In particular, thinking directly in terms of social commitments helps us avoid the infelicities of traditional theories of group action and intention.
A study of flow-based traffic admission control algorithm in the ATM-based MPLS network (2002)

This paper presents the differentiated services (DiffServ) over ATM based multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) core network architecture. This network supports the integrated services (IntServ) as well as DiffServ through ATM shortcut connection or MPLS label swapping using flow-based admission control to realize quality of service (QoS). We discuss a DiffServ mapping and integrated packet scheduler. Also we propose the flow-based traffic admission control algorithm that is suitable for multiple service classes. This algorithm can be achieved two objects which are reliable delay bounded QoS provisioning and high resource utilization. This algorithm reduces the reject probability of high priority service class flow in operating DiffServ. The proposed approaches guarantee a hard QoS using ATM shortcut connection for IntServ guaranteed service class and increase resource utilization according to per class QoS condition for other service classes. ATM shortcut has many advantages, like higher throughput, shorter end-to-end delay, reduced hop count.
Accuracy of a New Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Algorithm (2010)

The Veo calibration algorithm, with sensor error reduced significantly in the 40- to 120-mg/dl range, improves hypoglycemia detection, while retaining accuracy at high glucose levels.
Somatic/gonadal mosaicism in a syndromic form of ectrodactyly, including eye abnormalities, documented through array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (2011)

Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is characterized by underdeveloped or absent central digital rays, clefts of hands and feet, and variable syndactyly of the remaining digits. SHFM is a heterogeneous condition caused by abnormalities at one of multiple loci, including SHFM1 (SHFM1 at 7q21-q22), SHFM2 (Xq26), SHFM3 (FBXW4/DACTYLIN at 10q24), SHFM4 (TP63 at 3q27), and SHFM5 (DLX1 and DLX 2 at 2q31). SHFM3 is unique in that it is caused by submicroscopic tandem chromosome duplications of FBXW4/DACTYLIN. In order to show that array-based comparative genomic hybridization should be considered an essential aspect of the genetic analysis of patients with SHFM, we report on a family with two brothers who have ectrodactyly. Interestingly, both also have ocular abnormalities. Their sister and both parents are healthy. DNA of all five family members was analyzed using oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray and quantitative PCR. The two affected brothers were found to have a small duplication of approximately 539 kb at 10q24.32. The patients' sister and father do not have the microduplication, but qPCR showed that mother's DNA carries the duplication in 20% of blood lymphocytes. In this family, two children were affected with ectrodactyly having a duplication over the SHFM3 locus. The mother, who shows no clinical features of ectrodacytyly, is a mosaic for the same duplication. Therefore, we demonstrate that somatic/gonadal mosaicism is a mechanism that gives rise to SHFM. We also suggest that ocular abnormalities may be part of the clinical description of SHFM3.