gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Magnetic Field Induced by a Lightning Strike's Indirect Effect Double Exponential Current Waveform (2010)

Problem statement: Develop a new formula which describes the magnetic field induced by a lightning strike's indirect effect double exponential current waveform. Approach: A novel approach for developing a closed-form solution for the magnetic field from the indirect effect double exponential current waveform will be presented. In the literature, models typically employ the pulse waveform to derive the corresponding electromagnetic fields. However, given the Department of Defense (DoD) has incorporated the double exponential current waveform as part of their "Electromagnetic Environmental Effects Requirements For Systems", we felt it important to develop a solution for the magnetic field which utilized this waveform. In order to facilitate the integration required for deriving the field, Taylor series expansion was used for all variable dependent exponential terms. In many publications, the dipole and monopole techniques have been used when solving for the magnetic field. However, for this study the dipole technique was deemed the preferred method for evaluating the field. A derivation of the magnetic field will be presented along with a graphical illustration of the field's distribution over time. Results: The equation presented utilized Taylor series to augment the integration required to solve for the magnetic field. Conclusion: A new method for deriving the magnetic field induced by a lightning strike's indirect effect double exponential has been presented. By approximating the variable dependent exponential terms, we were able to minimize the complexity of the mathematics required to solve for the magnetic field in closed-form.
Profound Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Following Antibiotics Then Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Retrospective Study (2018)

Introduction: Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) affects the gastrointestinal tract with exacerbation of symptoms, followed by periods of remission. While the etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remains unknown, they are thought to involve an interaction between the host, genetics and environmental factors, modulated via the gut microbiome. There is currently no cure, with treatment relying on immunosuppression and symptom management. Emerging evidence suggests Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) treatment can occasionally induce clinical remission for prolonged periods. We report on the outcomes of patients with IBD treated with antibiotics, followed by FMT. Methods: A retrospective analysis of records was conducted on patients with IBD, treated with antibiotics followed by FMT and who had completed a follow up colonoscopy post-FMT. Primary outcomes included clinical remission: normal bowel function and degree of histological remission: normal colonoscopy and histology. Secondary outcome measures were: need for ongoing IBD therapy and improvements in inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Patient records were systematically examined at three time points; first colonoscopy, first FMT infusion and most recent colonoscopy. A paired t-test for continuous variables and McNemar's test for dichotomous variables were used to assess the outcomes pre and post treatment. Results: A total of 50 patients (age=38±12yrs, 26 M) underwent serial antibiotic and FMT treatment between 2001 and 2018 (Table 1). At baseline most patients had active disease (N=46, 92%) and reported symptoms of diarrhoea (N=37, 74%) and blood in the stool (N=32, 64%). At follow up (3±3yrs Post initial FMT); 37 (74%) patients were in clinical remission with 19 (38%) having no visible active disease on colonoscopy (p<0.001) and 18 (36%) having only mild inflammation on colonoscopy. Histology was normalised in 13 (26%) patients and 6 (12%) were able to cease all therapies for IBD. There was a significant decrease in bowel motion frequency (p=0.003) and ESR (p=0.03). Conclusion: 1. Patients with IBD treated with antibiotics then FMT can achieve clinical and histological remission when re-studied at 3 or more years after treatment. 2. Most significantly 12% achieved profound remission and remain off IBD therapies for prolonged periods.2819 Figure 1 No Caption available.
Investigation of Switching Times in Dynamic Optical Networks with Regard to Physical Constraints (2014)

In this paper, we study the dynamic reconfiguration of a core IP-over-WDM network which adapts to the changing traffic load which occurs during the course of the day. Our approach investigates the activation and deactivation of optical transponder according to the current traffic load in an optical link. This cannot be done arbitrarily fast. There are technical boundary conditions, such as the time for activation or deactivation of the transponder, as well as physical boundary conditions due to the generation of transients. Our results show that, despite the physical boundary conditions, the dynamic switching of transponders is a good approach to reduce energy consumption. The reconfiguration of active transponders can be achieved in a short time with only a slight increase of the blocking probability.
miR-155 regulates IFN-γ production in natural killer cells (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules with important regulatory functions whose role in regulating natural killer (NK) cell biology is not well defined. Here, we show that miR-155 is synergistically induced in primary human NK cells after costimulation with IL-12 and IL-18, or with IL-12 and CD16 clustering. Over-expression of miR-155 enhanced induction of IFN-γ by IL-12 and IL-18 or CD16 stimulation, whereas knockdown of miR-155 or its disruption suppressed IFN-γ induction in monokine and/or CD16-stimulated NK cells. These effects on the regulation of NK cell IFN-γ expression were found to be mediated at least in part via miR-155's direct effects on the inositol phosphatase SHIP1. Consistent with this, we observed that modulation of miR-155 overrides IL-12 and IL-18-mediated regulation of SHIP1 expression in NK cells. Collectively, our data indicate that miR-155 expression is regulated by stimuli that strongly induce IFN-γ in NK cells such as IL-12, IL-18, and CD16 activation, and that miR-155 functions as a positive regulator of IFN-γ production in human NK cells, at least in part via down-regulating SHIP1. These findings may have clinical relevance for targeting miR-155 in neoplastic disease.
Sonic While Drilling: Have You Thought About Cuttings? (1997)

Summary Sonic while drilling has long been considered a major goal by the industry because of its potential applications: real-time determination of pore pressure and overburden gradients, improved lithology change determination, seismic calibration, and detection of seismic reflectors ahead of the bit. Until now, only two methods were available to perform sonic measurements while drilling—the use of continuous coring or a specific measurement while drilling (MWD) tool. Unfortunately, both methods remain very expensive and suffer from technical limitations. A new technology [named pulsed ultrasound on cuttings (PUC)] has been developed to measure both compressional and shear-wave velocities directly on cuttings with dimensions as low as 1 mm. Laboratory and field implementations of the method are presented along with its validation against reference measurements.
Pathogenesis of Pre-Diabetes (2006)

Thirty-two subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 28 subjects with normal fasting glucose (NFG) ingested a labeled meal and 75 g glucose (oral glucose tolerance test) on separate occasions. Fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were higher (P < 0.05) in subjects with IFG than in those with NFG, whereas endogenous glucose production (EGP) did not differ, indicating hepatic insulin resistance. EGP was promptly suppressed, and meal glucose appearance comparably increased following meal ingestion in both groups. In contrast, glucose disappearance (R(d)) immediately after meal ingestion was lower (P < 0.001) in subjects with IFG/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and IFG/diabetes but did not differ in subjects with IFG/normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or NFG/NGT. Net insulin action (S(i)) and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (S(i)*) were reduced (P < 0.001, ANOVA) in subjects with NFG/IGT, IFG/IGT, and IFG/diabetes but did not differ in subjects with NFG/NGT or IFG/NGT. Defective insulin secretion also contributed to lower postprandial R(d) since disposition indexes were lower (P < 0.001, ANOVA) in subjects with NFG/IGT, IFG/IGT, and IFG/diabetes but did not differ in subjects with NFG/NGT and IFG/NGT. We conclude that postprandial hyperglycemia in individuals with early diabetes is due to lower rates of glucose disappearance rather than increased meal appearance or impaired suppression of EGP, regardless of their fasting glucose. In contrast, insulin secretion, action, and the pattern of postprandial turnover are essentially normal in individuals with isolated IFG.
Analysis of a newly‐isolated temperature sensitive maternal effect mutation of Drosophila melanogaster (1977)

A mutation located near the tip of the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster has been isolated, and its developmental effects described. This mutation (1(1)ts-1 is temperature sensitive, and at permissive temperature (18 degrees C) develops normally. However, zygotes from females raised or aged at restrictive temperature (28 degrees C) never hatch, regardless of the embryonic genotype. Midgut formation is abnormal in lethal zygotes and dorsal closure is probably incomplete. Temperature shift experiments have shown that the zygotic lethality is governed by a temperature sensitive period in oocytes of stage seven or older. If viable 1(1)ts-1 embryos are shifted to restrictive temperatures, they develop as far as the pupal stage, but never eclose. The temperature sensitive period for pupal lethality includes the last 2.5 days of pupal development and does not involve a maternal effect.
Modifications of a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) result in increased reliability, linearity and sensitivity (1995)

Journal Article Modifications of a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) result in increased reliability, linearity and sensitivity Get access Woodring E. Wright, Woodring E. Wright * The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9039, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jerry W. Shay, Jerry W. Shay The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9039, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mieczyslaw A. Piatyszek Mieczyslaw A. Piatyszek The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235-9039, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 23, Issue 18, 25 September 1995, Pages 3794–3795, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/23.18.3794 Published: 25 September 1995 Article history Received: 31 May 1995 Revision received: 10 August 1995 Accepted: 10 August 1995 Published: 25 September 1995
Stem cell therapy for heart failure: Ensuring regenerative proficiency (2016)

Patient-derived stem cells enable promising regenerative strategies but display heterogenous cardiac reparative proficiency, leading to unpredictable therapeutic outcomes impeding practice adoption. Means to establish and certify the regenerative potency of emerging biotherapies are thus warranted. In this era of clinomics, deconvolution of variant cytoreparative performance in clinical trials offers an unprecedented opportunity to map pathways that segregate regenerative from non-regenerative states informing the evolution of cardioregenerative quality systems. A maiden example of this approach is cardiopoiesis-mediated lineage-specification developed to ensure regenerative performance. Successfully tested in pre-clinical and early clinical studies, the safety and efficacy of the cardiopoietic stem cell phenotype is undergoing validation in pivotal trials for chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy offering the prospect of a next-generation regenerative solution for heart failure.
Novel Al/Al2O3composite foams by direct oxidation conversion (2020)

Abstract In this paper we combined an investment casting technique and a direct oxidation conversion (DOC) method to fabricate novel Al/Al 2 O 3 composite foams. We treated open cellular Al foams with dense struts in oxidizing atmosphere and obtained novel Al/Al 2 O 3 composite foams. These novel-type foams had dense struts, and owned a ternary-layered structure within struts, which consisted of the inner layer of Al, the middle layer of α-Al 2 O 3 oxidation scale and the outer layer of α-Al 2 O 3 ceramic coating. The resulting foams were characterized with respect to micro and macro structure, phase composition and compression behaviour. Comparing with conventional reticulated porous ceramics (RPCs), the novel composite foams demonstrated a new deformation mode in compression, behaving in accumulative damages instead of catastrophic collapse, with more deformation capacity and better ductility. The DOC approach might inspire a new way to manufacture composite foams, and such foams might be alternatives to other cellular solids for specific applications.
TiO2 Photoanodes: Triblock‐Terpolymer‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Mesoporous TiO2: High‐Performance Photoanodes for Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (Adv. Energy Mater. 6/2012) (2012)

H. J. Snaith and co-workers synthesise mesoporous, fully interconnected, TiO2 photoanode films for use in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using a new triblock terpolymer-directed self-assembly platform. Such devices as described on page 676 have a high availability of narrow and low-lying sub-bandgap states, which maximises photoinduced charge generation within the material and allows these devices to show solar-energy power conversion efficiencies of over 5%.
Path planning on the TrueNorth neurosynaptic system (2017)

We report on the implementation of a path planning algorithm on the TrueNorth neurosynaptic system. Our implementation exploits processing in the temporal domain within the architectural constraints of the TrueNorth chip to deduce the optimal path. The optimal path is computed on the TrueNorth chip for grid maps with dimensions as large as 173 × 168 nodes consuming 70.0mW at an operating voltage of 0.8V.
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides and Aryl Triflates to Itaconate Diesters: A Convenient Preparation of E-Benzylidenesuccinate Diesters (2017)

The synthesis of a variety of 2-(E)-benzylidenesuccinic acid diesters has been accomplished. The critical step in this process is the palladium catalyzed arylation of itaconic acid diesters. Both aryl halides and triflates participate in this arylation reaction. Addition of chloride ion was found to be important for the arylation of itaconic esters with aromatic triflates.
Rate-distortion optimization algorithm for JPEG 2000 (2003)

A novel rate-distortion optimization algorithm for JPEG 2000 is proposed. This algorithm meets memory buffer requirement for the compressed bit streams quite strictly according to a given bit rate. Moreover, before the encoding process even starts, a required memory buffer size can be estimated. This algorithm can also help avoid unnecessary encoding for some parts of an image. In this sense, it is memory efficient and performs progressive encoding. While a rate-distortion optimization algorithm is generally applied after complete encoding procedures for images in JPEG 2000, the proposed algorithm can save both memory requirement and encoding time significantly at low bit rate by avoiding complete encoding.
Band Gap-Engineered Group-IV Optoelectronic Semiconductors, Photodiodes and Prototype Photovoltaic Devices (2013)

Si-Ge-Sn alloys have emerged as promising group IV semiconductors for the direct integration of optical designs on Si platforms, thus representing an entirely group IV approach to advance IR technologies. In this paper we discuss new developments in materials and devices that have led to the demonstration of photodiodes with enhanced performance relative to Ge reference systems as well as light-emitting semiconductors on silicon that exhibit strong direct-gap photoluminescence obtained via simultaneous n-type heavy doping and Sn alloying. With regard to detectors we present new results for Ge0.98Sn0.02 diodes with IR coverage extended down to 1800 nm and exhibiting enhanced optical and electrical response relative to initial prototypes grown directly on Si substrates. We also review the fabrication of SiGeSn/Ge(100) diodes with tunable absorption edges and very low dark current densities superior to those of Ge and GeSn counterparts. Particular emphasis is placed on devices exhibiting highly desirable 1 eV direct gaps and specific p-n heterostructure designs that are suitable for PV applications. These provide a starting point for the development of an entirely group-IV-based 1 eV junction that is proposed to enhance the efficiency of conventional III-V devices grown on Ge.
Koszul information geometry and Souriau Lie group thermodynamics (2015)

The François Massieu 1869 idea to derive some mechanical and thermal properties of physical systems from "Characteristic Functions", was developed by Gibbs and Duhem in thermodynamics with the concept of potentials, and introduced by Poincaré in probability. This paper deals with generalization of this Characteristic Function concept by Jean-Louis Koszul in Mathematics and by Jean-Marie Souriau in Statistical Physics. The Koszul-Vinberg Characteristic Function (KVCF) on convex cones will be presented as cornerstone of "Information Geometry" theory, defining Koszul Entropy as Legendre transform of minus the logarithm of KVCF, and Fisher Information Metrics as hessian of these dual functions, invariant by their automorphisms. In parallel, Souriau has extended the Characteristic Function in Statistical Physics looking for other kinds of invariances through co-adjoint action of a group on its momentum space, defining physical observables like energy, heat and momentum as pure geometrical objects. In covariant Souriau model, Gibbs equilibriums states are indexed by a geometric parameter, the Geometric (Planck) Temperature, with values in the Lie algebra of the dynamical Galileo/Poincaré groups, interpreted as a space-time vector, giving to the metric tensor a null Lie derivative. Fisher Information metric appears as the opposite of the derivative of Mean "Moment map" by geometric temperature, equivalent to a Geometric Capacity or Specific Heat. These elements has been developed by author in [10][11].
Chlorobenzene oxidation over platinum supported on TiO2 (2006)

International audience
Ideal mixing of paraelectric and ferroelectric nematic phases in liquid crystals of distinct molecular species (2022)

The organic mesogens RM734 and DIO are members of separate molecular families featuring distinct molecular structures. These families are the first ones known to exhibit a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal phase. Here, we present an experimental investigation of the phase diagram and electro-optics of binary mixtures of RM734 and DIO. We observe paraelectric nematic and ferroelectric nematic phases in both materials, each of which exhibits complete miscibility across the phase diagram, showing that the paraelectric and ferroelectric are the same phases in RM734 and DIO. Remarkably, these molecules form ideal mixtures with respect to both the paraelectric–ferroelectric nematic phase behaviour and the ferroelectric polarisation density of the mixtures, the principal order parameter of the transition. Ideal mixing is also manifested in the orientational viscosity, and the onset of glassy dynamics at low temperature. This behaviour is attributable in part to the similarity of their overall molecular shape and net longitudinal dipole moment, and to a common tendency for head-to-tail molecular association. In contrast, the significant difference in molecular structures leads to poor solubility in the crystal phases, enhancing the stability of the ferroelectric nematic phase at low temperature in the mixtures and enabling room-temperature electro-optic effects.
Rescuing Tetracycline Class Antibiotics for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Pulmonary Infection (2022)

Acinetobacter baumannii causes high mortality in ventilator-associated pneumonia patients, and antibiotic treatment is compromised by multidrug-resistant strains resistant to β-lactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, polymyxins, and tetracyclines. Among COVID-19 patients receiving ventilator support, a multidrug-resistant A. baumannii secondary infection is associated with a 2-fold increase in mortality. Here, we investigated the use of the 8-hydroxyquinoline ionophore PBT2 to break the resistance of A. baumannii to tetracycline class antibiotics. <i>In vitro</i>, the combination of PBT2 and zinc with either tetracycline, doxycycline, or tigecycline was shown to be bactericidal against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, and any resistance that did arise imposed a fitness cost. PBT2 and zinc disrupted metal ion homeostasis in A. baumannii, increasing cellular zinc and copper while decreasing magnesium accumulation. Using a murine model of pulmonary infection, treatment with PBT2 in combination with tetracycline or tigecycline proved efficacious against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. These findings suggest that PBT2 may find utility as a resistance breaker to rescue the efficacy of tetracycline-class antibiotics commonly employed to treat multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Within intensive care unit settings, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and hospital-associated outbreaks are becoming increasingly widespread. Antibiotic treatment of A. baumannii infection is often compromised by MDR strains resistant to last-resort β-lactam (e.g., carbapenems), polymyxin, and tetracycline class antibiotics. During the on-going COVID-19 pandemic, secondary bacterial infection by A. baumannii has been associated with a 2-fold increase in COVID-19-related mortality. With a rise in antibiotic resistance and a reduction in new antibiotic discovery, it is imperative to investigate alternative therapeutic regimens that complement the use of current antibiotic treatment strategies. Rescuing the efficacy of existing therapies for the treatment of MDR A. baumannii infection represents a financially viable pathway, reducing time, cost, and risk associated with drug innovation.
3D IC assembly using thermal compression bonding and wafer-level underfill — Strategies for quality improvement and throughput enhancement (2016)

This paper examines the key aspects for quality improvement and throughput enhancement of thermal compression bonding (TCB) process using dry film laminated wafer-level underfill (WLUF) material. The WLUF material must have good compatibility with pre-assembly and assembly process steps. And all the process steps after and including WLUF lamination have to be co-optimized to ensure the integrity of the WLUF material, consequently leading to higher stacking yield. Good bump joining and underfill filling quality is achieved by optimization different stages of the TCB profiles. A new method enabled by WULF, termed vertical collective bonding (VCB), is applied to multi-layer 3D stacking, producing good bonding quality and significant process time saving. Multi-layer 3D stacks made by the VCB process show good thermomechanical reliability in high temperature storage and thermal cycling tests.