gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing Test Coverage Uncertainty due to Random Noise in Nano-CMOS: A Case-Study on an SRAM Array (2015)

Static random access memories (SRAM) are a major constituent in high performance microprocessors and systems-on-a-chip. With scaling of technology, manufacturing process variations in SRAMs are of significant concern. SRAM cells that are marginal due to process variations suffer from stability issues where random thermal noise and random telegraph noise (RTN) become determinant in memory state. This introduces uncertainty in testing, where passing a test does not necessarily mean that SRAM is good. A marginal cell may pass testing, but fail during operation. To address this problem, we introduce a new metric for probabilistic fault coverage. We present simulation methods for measuring such coverage and propose N-detect and multilevel wordline (WL) voltage techniques to increase the detection probability of marginal cells. We demonstrate the benefit of these testing approaches on a sample SRAM array, designed in 32 nm predictive technology models. To simulate marginal cells, we oversample the tail of the process variations distribution. Transient noise simulations show that thermal noise can lead to a fault coverage loss of 20% and RTN can lead to a maximum fault coverage loss of up to 75%. N-detect technique achieves close to a 100% fault coverage at n = 100 for thermal noise and n = 70 for RTN. Multilevel WL technique requires 20-30 mV boost in WL voltage during read test to achieve near ideal fault coverage at minimal yield loss. A combination of these techniques is shown to be effective in increasing fault coverage with a tradeoff between test time and yield loss.
NIMG-57. MANAGEMENT OF TECTAL GLIOMAS IN ADULTS (2021)

Abstract BACKGROUND Tectal gliomas (TG) are rare tumors occurring primarily in children but also found in adults during workup of various neurological symptoms. Surgery is not required in asymptomatic cases, so histopathological information is sparse. No consensus on timing of imaging surveillance or management has been established. OBJECTIVE We seek to standardize neuroimaging, including MRI protocol and surveillance time intervals, and clinical management of symptoms and disease progression, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. METHODS At our institution, patients with TG were identified through a search of radiology reports and clinic notes between 1989 and 2020. Initial and serial MRI exams were evaluated for tumor size, enhancement, edema, hydrocephalus, and other radiographic features. When tissue was available, cellularity, mitotic activity, and morphology were described. We documented neurological symptoms and signs potentially related to the tumor. RESULTS 37 cases were identified: 22 female, 15 male; 5 children, 32 adults. Age of diagnosis ranged from 7 to 69 years. Presenting symptoms included headache (59%), visual symptoms (35%), and imbalance (14%), less commonly: seizure, weakness, nausea/vomiting, and dizziness. Surgical procedures included biopsy (9), resection (7), endoscopic third ventriculostomy (15), and shunt placement (11). Eight patients received radiotherapy, including IMRT, CyberKnife, GammaKnife, and Zap-X (all adults; 4 at diagnosis, 3 at progression, 1 at diagnosis and again at progression). Four patients received chemotherapy (all adults; 1 at diagnosis, 3 at progression), all with temozolomide. One additionally received bevacizumab for radionecrosis. Three patients died with progressive disease, two following treatment and one without. Of interest, 5 adult patients developed signs of parkinsonism during their follow-up period. CONCLUSION Management of TG encompasses both neoplastic progression and symptom control, either from local compression or infiltrative disease. We have developed an algorithm for imaging surveillance and treatment, including MRI protocol, definition of progressive disease, and indications for antineoplastic therapies.
Volume Fabrication of Quantum Cascade Lasers on 200 mm-CMOS pilot line (2019)

The manufacturing cost of quantum cascade lasers is still a major bottleneck for the adoption of this technology for chemical sensing. The integration of Mid-Infrared sources on Si substrate based on CMOS technology paves the way for high-volume low-cost fabrication. Furthermore, the use of Si-based fabrication platform opens the way to the co-integration of QCL Mid-InfraRed sources with SiGe-based waveguides, allowing realization of optical sensors fully integrated on planar substrate. We report here the fabrication and the characterization of DFB-QCL sources using top metal grating approach working at 7.4 microns fully implemented on our 200 mm CMOS pilot line. These QCL featured threshold current density of 2.5 kA/cm2 and a linewidth of 0.16 cm-1 with a high fabrication yield. This approach paves the way toward a Mid-IR spectrometer at the silicon chip level.
Simple method for the synthesis of amides (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple method for the synthesis of amidesLeon E. Barstow and Victor J. HrubyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 9, 1305–1306Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00808a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00808a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1392Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Corneal Color Change Noted (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recently, the staff of the Spokane Eye Clinic has become aware of an unusual corneal change that has occurred among some patients who have been wearing the Bausch and Lomb Soflens. This corneal change is characterized by a mottled bluish-gray discoloration of the posterior cornea at the level of Descemet membrane and perhaps endothelium. This discoloration has the appearance of an interstitial precipitate, usually involves the upper third of the cornea, and is more dense peripherally. This discoloration has been noted in patients initially after 9 to 26 months of wear and has not yet been reversible in at least three patients who have discontinued use of the lenses for several months. At this point there has been no measurable visual loss in any patient, and usually the finding has been noted incidentally in asymptomatic patients. Representatives of Bausch and Lomb have been aware of our
ADAM10, the Rate-limiting Protease of Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of Notch and Other Proteins, Is Processed by ADAMS-9, ADAMS-15, and the γ-Secretase (2009)

ADAM10 is involved in the proteolytic processing and shedding of proteins such as the amyloid precursor protein (APP), cadherins, and the Notch receptors, thereby initiating the regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) of these proteins. Here, we demonstrate that the sheddase ADAM10 is also subject to RIP. We identify ADAM9 and -15 as the proteases responsible for releasing the ADAM10 ectodomain, and Presenilin/gamma-Secretase as the protease responsible for the release of the ADAM10 intracellular domain (ICD). This domain then translocates to the nucleus and localizes to nuclear speckles, thought to be involved in gene regulation. Thus, ADAM10 performs a dual role in cells, as a metalloprotease when it is membrane-bound, and as a potential signaling protein once cleaved by ADAM9/15 and the gamma-Secretase.
Out of the niche: exploring unknown pathways (2014)

In May 2014, approximately 200 stem cell scientists from all over world gathered near Copenhagen in Denmark to participate in 'The Stem Cell Niche', part of the Copenhagen Bioscience Conferences series. The meeting covered an array of different stem cell systems from pluripotent stem cells and germ cells to adult stem cells of the lung, liver, muscle, bone and many more. In addition to the stem cell niche, the meeting focused on a number of cutting edge topics such as cell fate transitions and lineage reprogramming, as well as stem cells in ageing and disease, including cancer. This Meeting review describes the exciting work that was presented and some of the themes that emerged from this excellent meeting.
Screening of Wannier Exciton States near the Metal-Insulator Transition (1972)

We provide a new spectroscopic criterion for the observation of the insulator-metal transition in a two-component system, which is based on the disappearance of Wannier exciton states in the metallic region. This effect has been observed in the vacuum-ultraviolet spectra of mercury/xenon mixtures deposited at 10-30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, where the Xe Wannier states are abruptly washed out at (55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5)% of Hg.
Abstract 15749: The Estrogen-Estrogen Receptor System in Human Cardiac Stem Cells (2011)

Epidemiological studies have shown that heart failure is more prevalent in men than in women and that the female heart has a superior ability to cope with aging. The objective of this work was to e...
CFRP Strengthening and Long-Term Monitoring of an Old Metallic Roadway Bridge in Melbourne (2019)

&lt;p&gt;This study gives an overview on carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening and wireless sensor network (WSN) monitoring of a 121-year-old metallic roadway bridge in Melbourne, Australia. A flat prestressed unbonded retrofit (FPUR) system was developed to apply prestressed CFRP plates to the steel cross-girders of Diamond-Creek Bridge. The bridge is subjected to daily passenger and heavy truck vehicles. Sets of laboratory tests were performed to examine the efficiency and fatigue performance of the proposed FPUR system, prior to its installation on the bridge. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed retrofit technique, the bridge was instrumented with different types of sensors (including strain gauges, temperature and humidity sensors), and short- and long-term measurements were performed. As for short-term measurements, the bridge was loaded by a 42.5-tonne semi-trailer before and after strengthening. For the long-term monitoring, a WSN system was used to monitor the prestress level in the CFRP reinforcements for at least one year. The CFRP plates were prestressed up to about 980 MPa (38% of the CFRP ultimate strength), which resulted in about 50% reduction in the maximum tensile stress in the bottom flanges of the strengthened I-girders. The results of the short- and long-term measurements in this study showed that the proposed FPUR system can be very effective for flexural and fatigue strengthening of such bridge girders.&lt;/p&gt;
Morphing-SSFP: A New Method for Fast Detection of Strong Magnetic Field Inhomogeneities and Its Application for Tracking Ferromagnetic Devices (2007)

There is increasing interest in methods that are able to guide endovascular devices in interventional MRI or to visualize label ed cells with superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs). We propose a new method that is based on morphing steady state free precession (SSFP) sequences. Morphing SSFP is a chimera type of sequence, that is, in regions close to abrupt susceptibility changes, it will acquire a balanced echo (bSSFP), whereas in all other regions a stimulated-echo (SSFP-echo) will be formed. In combination with low flip angles, morphing-SSFP is a promising new concept for fast generation of positive contrast from susceptibility effects.
Controlling the Confinement and Alignment of Fullerene C70 in para‐Substituted Calix[5]arenes (2007)

In toluene fullerene C(70) forms 2:1 complexes with p-benzylcalix[5]arene (1) and p-phenylcalix[5]arene (2), [C(70) subset1(2)].6(C(7)H(8)) and [C(70) subset2(2)].7(C(7)H(8)). The fullerene molecules are completely shrouded by two calix[5]arenes in addition to terminal benzyl groups from other supermolecules, [C(70) subset1(2)], and solvent. Within the capsule-like supermolecules the calixarenes have distinctly different arrangements relative to the principal axis of the fullerene; for [C(70) subset1(2)].6(C(7)H(8)) the oxygen planes of the two calixarenes are skewed by 37.0 and 47.5 degrees , whereas in [C(70) subset2(2)].7(C(7)H(8)) the principal axes of the fullerene and the two encapsulating calixarenes are more closely aligned with the corresponding angles at 9.7 and 8.6 degrees , and features a pentaphenyl inter-calixarene embrace. The Hirshfeld surfaces of these two complexes have been investigated for a detailed understanding of the orientation and nature of interactions of C(70) with the cavitand-type molecules and toluene.
GLIMPSE (2016)

Excerpted from "Glimpse: Continuous, Real-Time Object Recognition on Mobile Devices" from Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems with permission. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2809695.2809711 © ACM 2015. Glimpse is a continuous, real-time object recognition system for camera-equipped mobile devices. Glimpse captures full-motion video, locates objects of interest, recognizes and labels them, and tracks them from frame to frame for the user. Because the algorithms for object recognition entail significant computation, Glimpse runs them on server machines. When the latency between the server and mobile device is higher than a frame-time, this approach lowers object recognition accuracy. To regain accuracy, Glimpse uses an active cache of video frames on the mobile device. A subset of the frames in the active cache are used to track objects on the mobile, using (stale) hints about objects that arrive from the server from time to time. To reduce network bandwidth usage, Glimpse computes trigger frames to send to the server for recognizing.
Liver Transplant Patients Have a Risk of Progression Similar To That of Sporadic Patients With Branch Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (2014)

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have malignant potential and can progress from low- to high-grade dysplasia to invasive adenocarcinoma. The management of patients with IPMNs is dependent on their risk of malignant progression, with surgical resection recommended for patients with branch-duct IPMN (BD-IPMN) who develop high-risk features. There is increasing evidence that liver transplant (LT) patients are at increased risk of extrahepatic malignancy. However, there are few data regarding the risk of progression of BD-IPMNs in LT recipients. The aim of this study was to determine whether LT recipients with BD-IPMNs are at higher risk of developing high-risk features than patients with BD-IPMNs who did not receive a transplant. Consecutive patients who underwent an LT with BD-IPMNs were included. Patients with BD-IPMNs with no history of immunosuppression were used as controls. Progression of the BD-IPMNs was defined as development of a high-risk feature (jaundice, dilated main pancreatic duct, mural nodule, cytology suspicious or diagnostic for malignancy, cyst diameter ≥3 cm). Twenty-three LT patients with BD-IPMN were compared with 274 control patients. The median length of follow-up was 53.7 and 24.0 months in LT and control groups, respectively. Four (17.4%) LT patients and 45 (16.4%) controls developed high-risk features (P = 0.99). In multivariate analysis, progression of BD-IPMNs was associated with age at diagnosis but not with LT. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of developing high-risk features between the LT and the control groups.
BOND GRAPH MODELING OF AUTOMOTIVE DYNAMIC SYSTEMS (1994)

This paper surveys bond graph applications for automotive dynamic systems, starting with a simple model of automotive power trains. Additional applications include bond graph models of engine/transmission block dynamics, torque converter, electro- hydraulic clutch control actuators, and different systems ranging from four wheel drive power trains to interactive vehicle dynamics and control.
Technology Focus: Completions (September 2016) (2016)

Technology Focus The past year has proved to be one of the more challenging years our industry has ever faced. We have been forced to think differently and solve problems in new and unique ways as the oil and gas community has remained laser-focused on reducing costs and improving the economics of its projects. In last year’s article, I highlighted the uniqueness and customizable nature of well completions, which makes the completion strategy a rich target for change as project economics are reevaluated in the face of uncertainty. As activity plummeted to record lows, we witnessed a calibration of completion strategies. Whether it was further optimization of the preferred completion technique, implementation of new technologies, or a complete shift in completion philosophy, no stone was left unturned when it came to designing and implementing the well architecture. The primary objective was improving well economics, of course, through reducing costs or increasing productivity. So, how does the well completion fit into this overall goal of cost reduction and productivity increase? The answer is simple: time. Time savings can be achieved in a variety of ways, the most significant being deployment speed, installation reliability, and consolidation of trips into the well. Fracturing plugs for plug-and- perforate completions that can be deployed in excess of 600 ft/min without presetting, International Organization for Standardization and American Petroleum Institute qualification standards for sealing devices, autonomous and remotely actuated downhole tools, and equipment that disintegrates downhole are all commonplace examples of how today’s completions are focused, more than ever, on reducing nonproductive time through speed, reliability, and efficiency. As our industry evolves and responds to the effects of global economies and geopolitical events, so, too, do the solutions that enable that evolution. What has transpired over the past 18 months, while challenging for all, is oftentimes the necessary catalyst to spark innovation and challenge conventional norms. What was not possible yesterday may be possible today. I am personally thankful to have had the opportunity to work through this industry cycle and am excited about the future of the oil and gas industry. JPT Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 174922 High-Performance Plug-and- Perforate Completions in Unconventional Wells by Liam McNelis, DynaEnergetics, et al. SPE 176811 Designing, Planning, and Installing an Eight-Zone All-Electric Intelligent Completion System in an Extreme-Reservoir-Contact Well by S. Jacob, Saudi Aramco, et al. SPE 179136 An Evaluation of Completion Effectiveness in Hydraulically Fractured Wells and the Assessment of Refracturing Scenarios by Jeff Dahl, Devon Energy, et al. SPE 180966 Stimulation Optimization Using Engineered Diversion Work Flow To Increase Wellbore Contact in Cemented Completions by N. Heaton, Schlumberger, et al.
Time-Resolved Observation and Control of Superexchange Interactions with Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattices (2007)

Quantum mechanical superexchange interactions form the basis of quantum magnetism in strongly correlated electronic media. We report on the direct measurement of superexchange interactions with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. After preparing a spin-mixture of ultracold atoms in an antiferromagnetically ordered state, we measured coherent superexchange-mediated spin dynamics with coupling energies from 5 hertz up to 1 kilohertz. By dynamically modifying the potential bias between neighboring lattice sites, the magnitude and sign of the superexchange interaction can be controlled, thus allowing the system to be switched between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic spin interactions. We compare our findings to predictions of a two-site Bose-Hubbard model and find very good agreement, but are also able to identify corrections that can be explained by the inclusion of direct nearest-neighbor interactions.
Rendering Wave Effects with Augmented Light Field (2010)

Abstract Ray–based representations can model complex light transport but are limited in modeling diffraction effects that require the simulation of wavefront propagation. This paper provides a new paradigm that has the simplicity of light path tracing and yet provides an accurate characterization of both Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction. We introduce the concept of a light field transformer at the interface of transmissive occluders. This generates mathematically sound, virtual, and possibly negative‐valued light sources after the occluder. From a rendering perspective the only simple change is that radiance can be temporarily negative. We demonstrate the correctness of our approach both analytically, as well by comparing values with standard experiments in physics such as the Young's double slit. Our implementation is a shader program in OpenGL that can generate wave effects on arbitrary surfaces.
Scattering of a cw plane wave by a pulse (1981)

An examination of the scattering of sound by sound indicates that the boundary of the interaction region is very important in determining not only the level of the scattered sound but also the frequency of the scattered sound. In the case of a pulse propagating through a cw plane wave (where the boundary of the interaction region is propagating at the sound speed) the frequency of the farfield scattered radiation at a fixed angle is the cw frequency, Doppler shifted i.e., fs(θ,φ) = fcw[(1-cos θ)/(1-cos φ)], where φ is the angle between the cw wave vector and the pulse wave vector and φ is the observation angle with respect to the pulse wave vector in the interaction plane. The scattered signal has a strong maximum at the Doppler angie φd, where the scattered signal is equal to the sum frequency. The scattered signal at φd observed at a finite distance from the interaction region thus appears as a pulse whose frequency sweeps from a value somewhat above the sum frequency to a value somewhat below the sum frequency. Previous detection of sum frequency in a crossed beam experiment has been attributed by Westervelt [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 29, 199 (1957)] to “pseudo-sound,” the interaction of the primary beam's side lobes at the face of the transducer. Positive results from a pulse-cw experiment exhibiting the predicted frequency dependence would unambiguously demonstrate the existence of scattering of sound by sound.
Passive Multi-Scale Alignment (2011)

Methods are presented for self-alignment and assembly of objects with micron and nanometer-level features. The approach is a combination of kinematic coupling and elastic averaging in which mating alignment features spanning multiple length scales are successively brought into contact. When the objects are pressed together, the larger alignment features cause necessary deformation to ensure adequate alignment at the smaller length scales. Analytical and numerical modeling indicate that the largest alignment features can be designed to generally resolve global systematic errors while the smaller alignment features can correct local errors to achieve sub-micron alignment. Physical realization with ion beam etching, deposition, and thermal imprint lithography are also discussed.