gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two modes of exocytosis at hippocampal synapses revealed by rate of FM1-43 efflux from individual vesicles (2005)

We have examined the kinetics by which FM1-43 escapes from individual synaptic vesicles during exocytosis at hippocampal boutons. Two populations of exocytic events were observed; small amplitude events that lose dye slowly, which made up more than half of all events, and faster, larger amplitude events with a fluorescence intensity equivalent to single stained synaptic vesicles. These populations of destaining events are distinct in both brightness and kinetics, suggesting that they result from two distinct modes of exocytosis. Small amplitude events show tightly clustered rate constants of dye release, whereas larger events have a more scattered distribution. Kinetic analysis of the association and dissociation of FM1-43 with membranes, in combination with a simple pore permeation model, indicates that the small, slowly destaining events may be mediated by a narrow approximately 1-nm fusion pore.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Deep sequencing of somatosensory neurons reveals molecular determinants of intrinsic physiological properties. (2019)

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neuron subtypes defined by their in vivo properties display distinct intrinsic electrical properties. We used bulk RNA sequencing of genetically labeled neurons and electrophysiological analyses to define ion channel contributions to the intrinsic electrical properties of DRG neuron subtypes. The transcriptome profiles of eight DRG neuron subtypes revealed differentially expressed and functionally relevant genes, including voltage-gated ion channels. Guided by these data, electrophysiological analyses using pharmacological and genetic manipulations as well as computational modeling of DRG neuron subtypes were undertaken to assess the functions of select voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv1, Kv2, Kv3, and Kv4) in shaping action potential (AP) waveforms and firing patterns. Our findings show that the transcriptome profiles have predictive value for defining ion channel contributions to sensory neuron subtype-specific intrinsic physiological properties. The distinct ensembles of voltage-gated ion channels predicted to underlie the unique intrinsic physiological properties of eight DRG neuron subtypes are presented.Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 31248728 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 NS036855 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R35 NS097344 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS036855 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States
SINCO: A Novel Structural Regularizer for Image Compression Using Implicit Neural Representations (2023)

Implicit neural representations (INR) have been recently proposed as deep learning (DL) based solutions for image compression. An image can be compressed by training an INR model with fewer weights than the number of image pixels to map the coordinates of the image to corresponding pixel values. While traditional training approaches for INRs are based on enforcing pixel-wise image consistency, we propose to further improve image quality by using a new structural regularizer. We present structural regularization for INR compression (SINCO) as a novel INR method for image compression. SINCO imposes structural consistency of the compressed images to the groundtruth by using a segmentation network to penalize the discrepancy of segmentation masks predicted from compressed images. We validate SINCO on brain MRI images by showing that it can achieve better performance than some recent INR methods.
Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Low Threshold Voltage Variation on Low-Temperature Substrates (2009)

We demonstrate a systematic approach to optimize pentacene-based thin-film transistors using a photolithographic-based process to integrate basic circuit components such as organic-based diodes, transistors, and capacitors to fabricate circuits such as inverters, ring oscillators, current mirrors, and rectifiers for radio-frequency identification and flexible display applications. Excellent threshold voltage control among transistors is demonstrated with a reduction in threshold voltage standard deviation. Our integration methodology includes a seven-mask photolithography process that incorporates several discrete devices built with pentacene as the semiconductor and parylene as the gate dielectric and interlevel dielectric. In addition, the maximum temperature for all processes is .
Fe–N–C Catalyst Graphitic Layer Structure and Fuel Cell Performance (2017)

For targeted development of platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications, it is critically important to elucidate the catalytic moieties of Fe–N–C materials as they relate to the structure and morphology of the graphitic layers of carbon, the catalyst basic building blocks. In this Letter, X-ray diffraction analysis with a carbon-specific structure refinement algorithm was performed on 12 Fe–N–C catalysts. Samples with fewer graphitic layers exhibit increased kinetic performance in fuel cell testing. This trend is consistent with the dominant active species residing within the graphitic plane as opposed to at the edges. We also report the performance of an optimized catalyst based on structure–property predictions derived in a recently published report. This catalyst produces 0.44 mA cm–2 at 0.85 V and has a maximum power density of 490 mW cm–2 in 1 bar O2 (not iR corrected).
Cell-free DNA analysis in healthy individuals by next-generation sequencing: a proof of concept and technical validation study (2019)

Pre-symptomatic screening of genetic alterations might help identify subpopulations of individuals that could enter into early access prevention programs. Since liquid biopsy is minimally invasive it can be used for longitudinal studies in healthy volunteers to monitor events of progression from normal tissue to pre-cancerous and cancerous condition. Yet, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis in healthy individuals comes with substantial challenges such as the lack of large cohort studies addressing the impact of mutations in healthy individuals or the low abundance of cfDNA in plasma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the technical feasibility of cfDNA analysis in a collection of 114 clinically healthy individuals. We first addressed the impact of pre-analytical factors such as cfDNA yield and quality on sequencing performance and compared healthy to cancer donor samples. We then confirmed the validity of our testing strategy by evaluating the mutational status concordance in matched tissue and plasma specimens collected from cancer patients. Finally, we screened our group of healthy donors for genetic alterations, comparing individuals who did not develop any tumor to patients who developed either a benign neoplasm or cancer during 1-10 years of follow-up time. To conclude, we have established a rapid and reliable liquid biopsy workflow that allowed us to study genomic alterations with a limit of detection as low as 0.08% of variant allelic frequency in healthy individuals. We detected pathogenic cancer mutations in four healthy donors that later developed a benign neoplasm or invasive breast cancer up to 10 years after blood collection. Even though larger prospective studies are needed to address the specificity and sensitivity of liquid biopsy as a clinical tool for early cancer detection, systematic screening of healthy individuals will help understanding early events of tumor formation.
Aboriginal community‐controlled art centres: Keeping Elders strong and connected. Articulating an ontologically situated, intergenerational model of care (2023)

Our analysis articulates an ontologically situated model of care within Aboriginal community-controlled art centres. The model sees that older people receive care from art centres and provide care to each other, to younger generations, to art centre staff, to Country, and to their broader communities. In this model, those in receipt of care, many of whom are older people, art centre directors, and important artists, govern how care is conceptualised and delivered.
JAK2-Mediated Clonal Hematopoiesis Accelerates Pathological Remodeling in Murine Heart Failure (2019)

Janus kinase 2 (valine to phenylalanine at residue 617) (<i>JAK2</i> <sup><i>V617F</i></sup> ) mutations lead to myeloproliferative neoplasms associated with elevated myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cells. Alternatively these same mutations can lead to the condition of clonal hematopoiesis with no impact on blood cell counts. Here, a model of myeloid-restricted <i>JAK2</i> <sup><i>V617F</i></sup> expression from lineage-negative bone marrow cells was developed and evaluated. This model displayed greater cardiac inflammation and dysfunction following permanent left anterior descending artery ligation and transverse aortic constriction. These data suggest that <i>JAK2</i> <sup><i>V617F</i></sup> mutations arising in myeloid progenitor cells may contribute to cardiovascular disease by promoting the proinflammatory properties of circulating myeloid cells.
Development of a Tool to Calculate the System Cost of Replacement Energy (SCoRE) (2023)

Presentation for the 2022 Carbon Management Project Review Meetings
Mesoporous metal oxide graphene nanocomposite materials (2023)

A nanocomposite material formed of graphene and a mesoporous metal oxide having a demonstrated specific capacity of more than 200 F/g with particular utility when employed in supercapacitor applications. A method for making these nanocomposite materials by first forming a mixture of graphene, a surfactant, and a metal oxide precursor, precipitating the metal oxide precursor with the surfactant from the mixture to form a mesoporous metal oxide. The mesoporous metal oxide is then deposited onto a surface of the graphene.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Replacement of the Central Phenyl Core of Diamine‐Based Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Granulomatous mediastinal adenopathy: can endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration differentiate between tuberculosis and sarcoidosis? (2011)

EUS - FNA offers a high diagnostic yield for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis that have not been diagnosed by conventional methods.
Staged tests increase awareness of arc-flash hazards in electrical equipment (2002)

The cause and prevention of electrical arcs have been explored since the early 1960s. Engineering design, construction of equipment enclosure, modifications with structural protections and, more recently, requirements for employee safe work practices have all targeted the risks of electrical arc hazards. Yet arcs accompanied by explosions continue to occur in electrical systems. Both human factors and equipment malfunctions contribute to the unexpected release of explosive electrical energy in the workplace. This paper presents experimental results of staged tests simulating the participation of workers in the test scene. Observations regarding the intensities of electrical arc flash events, variances between predicted and observed measurements and implications for safety management are discussed. The intent is to improve the understanding of how people are exposed to electrical hazards in industrial settings so that prevention strategies may be enhanced.
Recombination and low-diversity confound homoplasy-based methods to detect the effect of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on viral transmissibility (2021)

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 variant carrying the Spike protein mutation G614 was first detected in late January 2020 and within a few months became the dominant form globally. In the months that followed, many studies, both in vitro and in animal models, showed that variants carrying this mutation were more infectious and more readily transmitted than the ancestral Wuhan form. Here we investigate why a recently published study by van Dorp et al. failed to detect such higher transmissibility of the G614 variant using homoplasy-based methods. We show that both low diversity and recombination confound the methods utilized by van Dorp et al. and significantly decrease their sensitivity. Furthermore, though they claim no evidence of recombination in their dataset, we and several other studies identify a subset of the sequences as recombinants, possibly enough to affect their statistic adversely.
Phase II study of neoadjuvant IGFBP-2 vaccination with neoadjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced ovarian cancer. (2018)

TPS5613 Background: Patients with advanced ovarian cancer not amenable to primary debulking surgery are candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Patients achieving a complete pathologic response (cPR) with NACT have superior overall survival; however, the rate of cPR is only 7.5%. In ovarian cancer, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are critically important in prognosis. Paclitaxel and carboplatin augment Type I immunity and decrease MDSCs and Tregs. A Phase I study of an IGFBP-2 vaccine designed to augment Type 1 immunity in Stage III/IV ovarian cancer patients was safe and induced IGFBP-2 specific immunity. Vaccination during the myeloid nadir after platinum/taxane chemotherapy has shown robust Th1 immune responses. We hypothesize that vaccination against IGFBP-2 during the myeloid nadir can synergize with NACT to improve the rate of cPR through Th1 immunity, antigen specific T cells, and TIL. Methods: Trial Design: Phase II single arm study of concurrent IGFBP-2 vaccination with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Patients receive NACT IV on day 1 of each 3 week cycle and receive the IGFBP-2 vaccination on day 14. Study treatment includes 3 vaccinations, evaluations at 1 week and 6 months post vaccine and yearly follow-up for 5 years. Toxicity is assessed at baseline and through end of study. Blood and tumor tissue will be collected for immunologic monitoring and evaluation. Eligibility: Patients with newly diagnosed advanced stage ovarian cancer who will receive NACT with subsequent planned cytoreductive surgery. Specific aims: (1) Determine the rate of pCR, (2) Determine the level of TIL in residual tumor (2) Determine whether IGFBP-2 induces IGFBP-2 specific T cells, (3) Explore if there is a predictive signature for pCR when IGFBP-2 vaccination is used with NACT. Statistical Methods: (1) The sample size of 38 will provide 80% power to detect a significant increase in pCR to 20% when compared to NACT alone, (2) Tumor tissue will be evaluated for TIL, (3) IGFBP-2 specific INF-g/IL-10 ratios by ELISPOT will be evaluated, (4) Whole exome sequencing will be performed to correlate expression profiles with response to vaccination. Targeted Accrual: 7 of the planned 38 patients have been enrolled. Clinical trial information: NCT03029611.
Imaging of Viral Thymidine Kinase Gene Expression by Replicating Oncolytic Adenovirus and Prediction of Therapeutic Efficacy (2008)

Replicating Ad-DeltaE1B19/55-TK showed more efficient TK expression even in the presence of higher-cancer cell killing effects compared to non-replicating Ad-DeltaE1A-TK. Therefore, GCV treatment still possessed an additive role to oncolytic effect of Ad-DeltaE1B19/55-TK. The expression of TK by oncolytic viruses could rapidly be screened using a radiotracer-based counting and imaging technique.
Continuous Synthesis and Purification by Coupling a Multistep Flow Reaction with Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (2017)

Abstract Continuous‐flow multistep synthesis is combined with quasi‐continuous final‐product purification to produce pure products from crude reaction mixtures. In the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of 2,4‐difluoronitrobenzene with morpholine followed by a heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, the desired monosubstituted product can be continuously separated from the co‐ and by‐products in a purity of over 99 % by coupling a flow reactor sequence to a multiple dual‐mode (MDM) centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) device. This purification technique has many advantages over HPLC, such as higher resolution and no need for column replacement or silica recycling, and it does not suffer from irreversible adsorption.
Interactions of the A1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein and its proteolytic derivative, UP1, with RNA and DNA: Evidence for multiple RNA binding domains and salt-dependent binding mode transitions (1991)

The 319-residue A1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein is the best studied of the group of major or core mammalian hnRNP proteins that bind pre-mRNA immediately following transcription. Circular dichroism studies suggest that binding of A1 and its proteolytic fragment, UP1 (residues 1-195), to nucleic acids results in an unstacking of the bases of poly(A). On the basis of poly[d(A-T)] and poly[r(A-U)] melting studies, both A1 and UP1 are helix-destabilizing proteins. Titrations of A1 and UP1 with poly(A), poly(U), and poly[d(T)] suggest that these two proteins do not bind with significant base specificity. A previous study indicated that A1, which contains a glycine-rich COOH terminus (residues 196-319) not present in UP1, binds cooperatively to polynucleotides while UP1 does not [Cobianchi et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1063-1071]. Here we confirm this latter finding and demonstrate that the cooperativity parameter for A1 binding, which has a value of about 35 for binding to both single-stranded RNA and DNA, is insensitive to the NaCl concentration at least up to 0.4 M. In contrast to the cooperativity parameter, the occluded site size for A1 binding to RNA is salt dependent and increases from about 14 to 28 upon increasing the NaCl concentration from 25 to 250 mM. This variation in site size is best explained by assuming that A1 can interact with nucleic acids via at least two different binding modes. Both A1 and UP1 have higher affinity for single-stranded as opposed to double-stranded nucleic acids and bind preferentially to single-stranded RNA as compared to DNA. Comparative studies on the binding of A1 versus UP1 to poly[r(epsilon A)] demonstrate that in addition to cooperative protein/protein interactions, the glycine-rich COOH-terminal domain of A1 is also directly involved in protein/nucleic acid interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compensation network for optimizing antenna system for MIMO application (2007)

This work presents a technique to reduce the effects of antenna mutual coupling on the signal correlation, efficiency, matching, and radiation patterns of closely space antenna elements. It is demonstrated on an array antenna with two closely spaced dipoles on a circular ground-plane. A compensation and matching network is designed and antenna performance with and without the network is presented. Improved performance is demonstrated over a 100 MHz band at 2 GHz for an antenna element separation of 0.19 wavelengths. (5 pages)
Comparison of Device Performance in Two Thin-Film Electroluminescent Devices Made of Vacuum-Sublimed Dye Film and Spin-Coated Polymer Film (1995)

Electroluminescent (EL) characteristics in EL devices made of vacuum-sublimed dye films and spin-coated polymer films were compared. Low-molar-mass dye, 9,10-bis[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)styryl]anthracene (dye-BSA), for the preparation of vacuum-sublimed films, and polymer with 9,10-bis[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-styryl]anthracene chromophore linked with alkylether groups (polymer-BSA) were employed. Single-layer devices, indium-tin oxide (ITO)/dye-BSA/MgAg and ITO/polymer-BSA/MgAg were prepared, and EL performances were compared. Double-layer devices which have an oxadiazole derivative (OXD-7) electron transport layer, ITO/dye-BSA/OXD-7/MgAg and ITO/polymer-BSA/OXD-7/MgAg, were also prepared. The current density-voltage relationships between dye-BSA devices and polymer-BSA devices were considerably different mainly due to the poor film quality of polymer-BSA. The comparisons of the luminance-current density relationships of the devices with two classes of BSA films showed that the polymer-BSA devices exhibited similar EL characteristics as the dye-BSA devices in the region of current density higher than 10 mA/cm 2 . The possibility of the use of common material design concept for low-molar-mass materials and polymers was discussed.
Granules (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Measured radial dependence of the peak sheath voltages present in very high frequency capacitive discharges (2007)

The radial distribution of the measured voltage drop across a sheath formed between a 300mm electrode and an argon plasma discharge is shown to depend on the excitation radio frequency, under constant power and pressure conditions. At a lower frequency of 13.56MHz, the voltage drop across the sheath is uniform across the 300mm electrode, while at higher frequencies of 60 and 162MHz the voltage drop becomes radially nonuniform. The magnitude and spatial extent of the nonuniformity become greater with increasing frequency.
Effects of defect propagation/growth on in-line defect based yield prediction (2002)

This paper discusses the importance of understanding and modeling the inter and intra layer defect propagation for in-line yield prediction. Some examples using real fabline data are presented to illustrate the significance of this problem.
Association mapping of resistance to tar spot complex in maize (2022)

Abstract Tar spot complex (TSC) is a major fungal disease of maize in Mexico and several Central and South American countries. The causal agents of the disease are Phyllachora maydis and Monographella maydis . Yield losses of up to 58% associated with this disease have been reported previously. The majority of commercial maize germplasm in the United States is considered highly susceptible to TSC. In order to accelerate the disease resistance improvement process, genes for resistance to TSC and molecular markers linked to these genes, need to be identified and characterized. Here, we used an association mapping technique to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for TSC resistance using genome‐wide association study (GWAS)‐based genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and Diversity Arrays Technology Sequencing (DArTseq) single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. An association mapping panel of 228 CIMMYT maize lines was used for the GWAS. One major QTL explaining 27.66% of the phenotypic variance and four minor QTLs explaining 10.18%, 12.72%, 10.14% and 13.38% of the phenotypic variance, respectively, were identified by the GBS‐based association mapping. Two QTLs were identified by DArTseq‐based association mapping explaining 1.07% and 18.29% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. These QTLs are expected to facilitate subsequent maize improvement using marker‐assisted selection.