gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The antithrombotic potential of selective blockade of talin-dependent integrin αIIbβ3 (platelet GPIIb–IIIa) activation (2007)

In vitro studies indicate that binding of talin to the beta(3) integrin cytoplasmic domain (tail) results in integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) (GPIIb-IIIa) activation. Here we tested the importance of talin binding for integrin activation in vivo and its biological significance by generating mice harboring point mutations in the beta(3) tail. We introduced a beta(3)(Y747A) substitution that disrupts the binding of talin, filamin, and other cytoplasmic proteins and a beta(3)(L746A) substitution that selectively disrupts interactions only with talin. Platelets from animals homozygous for each mutation showed impaired agonist-induced fibrinogen binding and platelet aggregation, providing proof that inside-out signals that activate alpha(IIb)beta(3) require binding of talin to the beta(3) tail. beta(3)(L746A) mice were resistant to both pulmonary thromboembolism and to ferric chloride-induced thrombosis of the carotid artery. Pathological bleeding, measured by the presence of fecal blood and development of anemia, occurred in 53% of beta(3)(Y747A) and virtually all beta(3)-null animals examined. Remarkably, less than 5% of beta(3)(L746A) animals exhibited this form of bleeding. These results establish that alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation in vivo is dependent on the interaction of talin with the beta(3) integrin cytoplasmic domain. Furthermore, they suggest that modulation of beta(3) integrin-talin interactions may provide an attractive target for antithrombotics and result in a reduced risk of pathological bleeding.
Contextual-code: Simplifying information pulling from targeted sources in physical world (2015)

The popularity of QR code clearly indicates the strong demand of users to acquire (or pull) further information from interested sources (e.g., a poster) in the physical world. However, existing information pulling practices such as a mobile search or QR code scanning incur heavy user involvement to identify the targeted posters. Meanwhile, businesses (e.g., advertisers) are also interested to learn about the behaviors of potential customers such as where, when, and how users show interests in their offerings. Unfortunately, little such context information are provided by existing information pulling systems. In this paper, we present Contextual-Code (C-Code) - an information pulling system that greatly relieves users' efforts in pulling information from targeted posters, and in the meantime provides rich context information of user behavior to businesses. C-Code leverages the rich contextual information captured by the smartphone sensors to automatically disambiguate information sources in different contexts. It assigns simple codes (e.g., a character) to sources whose contexts are not discriminating enough. To pull the information from an interested source, users only need to input the simple code shown on the targeted source. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of C-Code design. Users can effectively and uniquely identify targeted information sources with an average accuracy over 90%.
Search for Pair Production of a Newb′Quark that Decays into aZBoson and a Bottom Quark with the ATLAS Detector (2012)

A search is reported for the pair production of a new quark b' with at least one b' decaying to a Z boson and a bottom quark. The data, corresponding to 2.0 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity, were collected from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Using events with a b-tagged jet and a Z boson reconstructed from opposite-charge electrons, the mass distribution of large transverse momentum b' candidates is tested for an enhancement. No evidence for a b' signal is detected in the observed mass distribution, resulting in the exclusion at a 95% confidence level of b' quarks with masses m (b') < 400 GeV that decay entirely via b' → Z+b. In the case of a vectorlike singlet b' mixing solely with the third standard model generation, masses m(b') < 358 GeV are excluded.
Figure S4 from Dual Inhibition of IGF-1R and ErbB3 Enhances the Activity of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S4: Istiratumab restores activity of chemotherapy in the presence of IGF-1 and HRG.&lt;/p&gt;
Simulation of electron phase shifts by electrostatic potential across electroceramic interfaces (1999)

An expression for the electron-wave phase shifts caused by the potential of an electric dipole is extended to a general equation representing the phase shifts caused by the electrostatic potential across a parallel-plate capacitor. The capacitor is then used to construct a simple model for the phase shifts caused by the potential barriers present across internal interfaces in solids. The phase simulations yields phase shifts for electroceramic interfaces in good agreement with the phase images reconstructed from off-axis electron holograms of acceptor-doped grain boundaries in SrTiO3.
Significance of Fuel Sulfur Content and Dilution Conditions on Particle Emissions from a Heavily-Used Diesel Engine During Transient Operation (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effects of fuel sulfur content and dilution conditions on diesel engine PM number emissions have been researched extensively through steady state testing. Most results show that the concentration of nuclei-mode particles emitted increases with fuel sulfur content. A few studies further observed that fuel sulfur content has little effect on the emissions of heavily-used engines. It has also been found that primary dilution conditions can have a large impact on the size and number distribution of the nuclei-mode particles. These effects, however, have not yet been fully understood through transient testing, the method used by governments worldwide to certify engines and regulate emissions, and a means of experimentation which generates realistic conditions of on-road vehicles by varying the load and speed of the engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study investigates the effects of fuel sulfur content and primary dilution on the size distributions and number concentrations of particles emitted from a heavily-used diesel engine under both steady state and transient operations. The primary dilution was accomplished by a CFV-CVS, a system which maintains proportional sampling throughout temperature excursions and is designed for engine emission certification. The steady state results show reasonable agreement with previous studies, while the transient results show a large reduction of nuclei-mode particles with the use of ULSD compared to LSD during testing with the higher primary dilution.&lt;/div&gt;
The effect of structural dimensionality on carrier mobility in lead-halide perovskites (2019)

Changes in perovskite structural dimensionality brought by mixing A-site cations play an important role in determining the measured charge carrier mobility, and in the solar cell performance.
An algorithmic treatment of strong queries (2011)

A strong query for a target document with respect to an index is the smallest query for which the target document is returned by the index as the top result for the query. The strong query problem was first studied more than a decade ago in the context of measuring search engine overlap. Despite its simple-to-state nature and its longevity in the field, this problem has not been sufficiently addressed in a formal manner.
Electrochemical process and production of novel complex hydrides (2023)

A process of using an electrochemical cell to generate aluminum hydride (AlH.sub.3) is provided. The electrolytic cell uses a polar solvent to solubilize NaAlH.sub.4. The resulting electrochemical process results in the formation of AlH.sub.3. The AlH.sub.3 can be recovered and used as a source of hydrogen for the automotive industry. The resulting spent aluminum can be regenerated into NaAlH.sub.4 as part of a closed loop process of AlH.sub.3 generation.
The changing face of HIV vaccine research (2012)

While there has been remarkable progress in understanding the biology of HIV-1 and its recognition by the human immune system, we have not yet developed an efficacious HIV-1 vaccine. Vaccine challenges include the genetic diversity and mutability of HIV-1 which create a plethora of constantly changing antigens, the structural features of the viral envelope glycoprotein that disguise conserved receptor-binding sites from the immune system, and the presence of carbohydrate moieties that shield potential epitopes from antibodies. Despite these challenges, there has been significant scientific progress in recent years. In 2009, a large-scale clinical trial known as RV144 demonstrated that a HIV-1 vaccine could modestly reduce the incidence of HIV-1 infection. Further, the identification of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (such as VRC01, a human monoclonal antibody capable of neutralizing over 90% of natural HIV-1 isolates, as well as PG and PGT antibodies that recognize conserved glycopeptide epitopes) has revealed new opportunities for vaccine design. Our ability to understand HIV-1 structure and antibody epitopes at the atomic level, the rapid advance of computational and bioinformatics approaches to immunogen design, and our newly acquired knowledge that it is possible for a vaccine to reduce the risk of HIV-1 infection, have all opened up new and promising pathways towards the development of an urgently needed effective HIV-1 vaccine. This article summarizes challenges to the development of an HIV-1 vaccine, lessons learned from scientific investigation and completed vaccine trials, and promising developments in HIV-1 vaccine design.
Abstract B35: Dual inhibitors of FT and GGT-1 as novel therapeutic agents for K-Ras-dependent tumors (2014)

Abstract Inhibition of mutant H-Ras farnesylation with farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) blocks its binding to membranes and its ability to activate oncogenic signaling. In contrast, inhibition of K-Ras farnesylation with FTIs leads to its prenylation by geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGT-1), and therefore, inhibition of K-Ras prenylation and oncogenic function requires blocking both FT and GGT-1. Furthermore, several proteins downstream of K-Ras that mediate its malignant transforming activity also require farnesylation (e.g.Rheb) or gernaylgeranylation (e.g. Ral). In addition, the ability of mutant K-Ras to induce lung cancer in mouse models is severely hampered when both FT and GGT-1 are conditionally deficient. These observations prompted us to design small molecule dual FT and GGT-1 inhibitors. In this presentation, the development of FGTI-2734 as a novel therapeutic for K-Ras dependent cancers will be described. The presentation will focus on the effect of this dual inhibitor as compared to the selective FTI-2148 and GGTI-2418 on K-ras prenylation, oncogenic signaling and malignant transformation in cancer cells that depend on K-Ras. Citation Format: Kazi Aslamuzzaman, Xiaolei Zhang, Yunting Luo, Ronil Patel, Steven Fletcher, Christopher Cummings, Harshani Lawrence, Andrew Hamilton, Said M. Sebti. Dual inhibitors of FT and GGT-1 as novel therapeutic agents for K-Ras-dependent tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B35. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-B35
Green Chemistry Laboratory: Benign Synthesis of 4,6-Diphenyl[2,2']bipyridine via Sequential Solventless Aldol and Michael Addition Reactions (2005)

Solventless reaction methodology avoids the use of hazardous and toxic solvents and minimizes generation of waste, thereby addressing some of the principles of green chemistry. 2,4,6-Trisubstituted pyridines are readily prepared in high yield using this methodology in three steps: (i) solventless aldol condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone, (ii) solventless Michael addition of 2-acetylpyridine to the previously formed 1,3-diphenylpropenone, and (iii) the ring closure of the resulting 1,5-diketone in acetic acid with ammonium acetate. An undergraduate laboratory has been developed teaching the relevant principles of green chemistry, at the same time teaching traditional aspects of organic synthesis. The laboratory incorporates critical questions and demonstrates the advantages of the paradigm shift in using solventless reaction methodology compared to traditional approaches using organic solvents, as well as drawing attention to applications in other areas of chemistry including medicinal and supramolecular materials chemistry. The laboratory is inherently simpler and quicker, requiring less time and demand on equipment. All products and intermediates can be unambiguously characterized by NMR (1H and 13C) and IR spectrographic techniques.
Transport and magnetic properties of Co-doped BaFe_{2}As_{2} epitaxial thin films (2010)

We report resistivity, Hall coefficient, current-voltage characteristics, and magneto-optical imaging measurements of epitaxial Co-doped BaFe_{2}As_{2} thin films deposited on MgO(001) substrate. The Hall resistivity of the films has a substantial contribution arising from anomalous Hall effect of ferromagnetic components. The critical current density (J_{c}) of the films is ~2 MA/cm^{2} at low temperatures. Differential magneto-optical images of the remanent state give similar J_{c} values and also exhibit presence of extended defects in the film.
الكوبالت المحفز بواسطة أنابيب الكربون متناهية الصغر عديدة الجدران لاستشعار غاز أول أكسيد الكربون (2011)

The fabrication of cobalt (Co) catalyzed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) film
sensor for the detection of carbon mono-oxide (CO) gas has been reported. Cobalt (Co)
catalyzed carbon nanotubes have been synthesized on silicon oxide grown silicon substrate
using low pressure chemical vapor deposition. The diameter of these multi-walled
nanotubes (MWNTs) varies from 40-100 nm and the length is on the order of several tens
of micrometers. To measure the gas sensing properties of this sensor, a typical pattern of
gold electrodes has been thermally evaporated. The typical responses of MWCNTs gas
sensor for different concentration (40, 100, 140 & 200 ppm) of sensing gas i.e. carbon
mono-oxide (CO) have been studied. It is observed that this MWNTs gas sensor shows a
quick response to CO gas with the fast recovery time. Temperature dependence of the
resistance of this MWNTs-based film sensor has also been studied for a temperature range
of 300-500K. It is found that the resistance decreases with the increase in temperature for
all concentration of CO gas. The sensitivity and responsiveness has been estimated with
respect to the time as well as temperature. The responsiveness increases whereas the
sensitivity of this sensor decreases with the increase in temperature for all concentrations
of CO gas. Some electrical parameters such as activation energy and pre-exponential
factor have also been estimated to understand the electrical transport properties of this
sensor.
Photonic Devices Based on In-Plane Hetero Photonic Crystals (2003)

Photonic crystals (PCs) are optical materials of periodic refractive index, designed to block light of certain wavelengths ( [1][1] – [5][2] ). Artificial defects such as line- and/or point-defects can be introduced into PCs to allow light to be manipulated. Ultrasmall photonic devices, with sizes
AB015. Interocular normalization in monkey primary visual cortex (V1) (2019)

Background: The two images, slightly different, seen by the two eyes allow the brain to build a 3D representation of the world. Monocular signals enter the primary visual cortex through layer 4, where they are segregated and organized in ocular dominance stripes. They are later combined in upper layers. In order to study the integration of the information coming from the two eyes at this mesoscopical scale in V1, we use optical imaging in anaesthetized macaque monkey. Methods: Ocular dominance maps have been obtained with intrinsic optical imaging. Dichoptic interactions have then been studied with voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) with a frequency-tagging paradigm. Visual stimuli with different contrasts were respectively presented at 6 and 10 Hz to the two eyes, independently or simultaneously with a passive 3D screen. Frequency analysis thus allowed to identify each eye’s contribution to the signal. Results: We observed that V1 population activity generated by one eye stimulation is suppressed when the other eye is stimulated too. This integration of monocular signals at the population level can be accurately modeled with an interocular normalization model. Conclusions: This approach and this model confirm V1 implication in combining the signals coming from the two eyes. The mechanisms underlying this interocular normalization, through local, feedforward, feedback or long-range connections, are still to be determined.
Interventional Optical Molecular Imaging Guidance during Percutaneous Biopsy (2014)

The custom-designed molecular imaging device, in combination with ICG, readily allowed differentiation between normal and malignant tissue in a murine model of intrahepatic colorectal metastasis.
Two-Dimentional Detection of Ultraweak Biophoton Emission from Biological Samples (1987)

Ultraweak photon emission phenomena from various living organisms, tissues and cells are recently being recognized and are attracting a great deal of interest. We are currently investigating a highly sensitive ultraweak photon imaging measurement and analysis system based on PIAS and VIMS (Hamamatsu Photonics) for this purpose. We have successfully observed for the first time ultraweak photon counting images of soybean seeds and the root tissues after 1 to 5 days of germination. All images were obtained in complete darkness at room temperature. It is believed that the ultraweak photon emission patterns thus observed is not due to external or artificial stimulation (e. g. fluorescence) but, rather, to intrinsic processes and functions closely related to cell division and growth.
Buffer Layer Point Contacts for CIGS Solar Cells Using Nanosphere Lithography and Atomic Layer Deposition (2016)

Point contacts provide an interesting approach for reducing the buffer layer/Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface recombination that typically limits Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> solar cell performance when nontoxic alternatives to CdS buffer layers are used. In this study, we implement a scheme to create a point contact buffer layer on Cu(In,Ga)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> solar cells using a combination of atomic layer deposition and nanosphere lithography. While we showcase these buffer layers using Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> as the passivating material, ZnO as the conductive material, and a silica nanosphere size of 310 nm in diameter, this scheme is general and could readily be applied for other materials and other sphere sizes. The resulting solar cells with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and ZnO point contact buffer layers demonstrate successful application of this scheme, yielding a higher conversion efficiency (6.58 ± 0.58%) than either of the binary buffer layers Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (0%) and ZnO (5.15 ± 0.57%). The improvement over ZnO is mainly due to an increased open circuit voltage, which is an indication of a reduced surface recombination.
Design of optimal stimulation patterns for neuronal ensembles based on Volterra-type hierarchical modeling (2012)

This paper presents a general methodology for the optimal design of stimulation patterns applied to neuronal ensembles in order to elicit a desired effect. The methodology follows a variant of the hierarchical Volterra modeling approach that utilizes input-output data to construct predictive models that describe the effects of interactions among multiple input events in an ascending order of interaction complexity. The illustrative example presented in this paper concerns the multi-unit activity of CA1 neurons in the hippocampus of a rodent performing a learned delayed-nonmatch-to-sample (DNMS) task. The multi-unit activity of the hippocampal CA1 neurons is recorded via chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays during this task. The obtained model quantifies the likelihood of having correct performance of the specific task for a given multi-unit (spatiotemporal) activity pattern of a CA1 neuronal ensemble during the 'sample presentation' phase of the DNMS task. The model can be used to determine computationally (off-line) the 'optimal' multi-unit stimulation pattern that maximizes the likelihood of inducing the correct performance of the DNMS task. Our working hypothesis is that application of this optimal stimulation pattern will enhance performance of the DNMS task due to enhancement of memory formation and storage during the 'sample presentation' phase of the task.
High efficiency commercial concentrators—focus on III-V (1994)

Significant progress has been made in the development of high efficiency concentrator technology. This is particularly evident at the laboratory cell level. At the same time high efficiency GaAs cells have been produced for a number of years for space applications. This paper will examine the necessary criteria for commercialization of high efficiency concentrators with an emphasis on III‐V devices. Comparison of several technologies is also included.
Low stress atomic layer deposited alumina for nano electro mechanical systems (2005)

A new fabrication process, test structures, and measurements of material properties are presented for atomic layer deposited (ALD) alumina (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). ALD Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ has similar electrical and mechanical properties to silicon nitride (Si/sub x/N/sub y/) and can be used in many of the same applications. Yet ALD Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ is an advantageous material to use over Si/sub x/N/sub y/ due to the low deposition temperature, which allows for integration with CMOS processing. Also, ALD Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ has a high chemical resistance to Si etchants. In this work the stress in ALD Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ is measured to be /spl sigma/=401/spl plusmn/32 MPa and /spl sigma/=445/spl plusmn/66 MPa for 100 nm and 50 nm thick Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ films, respectively. The measured Young's modulus is in the range of 110-120 GPa.