gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pleiotropic functions of TNF-α determine distinct IKKβ-dependent hepatocellular fates in response to LPS (2006)

TNF-alpha influences morbidity and mortality during the course of endotoxemia. However, the complex pleiotropic functions of TNF-alpha remain poorly understood. We evaluated how hepatic induction of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha influence survival and hepatocellular death in a lethal murine model of endotoxic shock. Using dominant-negative viral vectors to inhibit the IKK complex, we demonstrate through this study that the liver is a major source of TNF-alpha during the course of lethal endotoxemia and that IKKbeta (but not IKKalpha) is predominantly responsible for activating NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha in the liver after LPS administration. Using TNF-alpha knockout mice and hepatic-specific inhibition of IKKbeta, we demonstrate that the status of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB balances necrotic and apoptotic fates of hepatocytes in the setting of endotoxemia. In the presence of TNF-alpha, inhibiting hepatic IKKbeta resulted in increased survival, reduced serum proinflammatory cytokines, and reduced hepatocyte necrosis in response to a lethal dose of endotoxin. In contrast, inhibiting hepatic IKKbeta in TNF-alpha knockout mice resulted in decreased survival and increased caspase 3-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis after endotoxin challenge, despite a reduced proinflammatory cytokine response. In the presence of TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB-dependent hepatocellular necrosis predominated, while in the absence of TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB primarily influenced apoptotic fate of hepatocytes. Changes in JNK phosphorylation after LPS challenge were also dynamically affected by both IKKbeta and TNF-alpha; however, this pathway could not solely explain the differential outcomes in hepatocellular fates. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that induction of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha balances protective (antiapoptotic) and detrimental (proinflammatory) pathways to determine hepatocellular fates during endotoxemia.
Local Production Systems in Europe : Rise or Demise? (2001)

This is the first book to present a systematic analysis of specialized clusters of small manufacturing enterprises in the main European economies. Combining knowledge from case-study literature with original analyses of statistical data enables the authors to present full accounts of the role of these clusters in Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, showing the considerable diversity of forms they take. Local production systems (as these clusters are termed) are seen to exist where there are either particular competitive advantages for participation by clusters of small and medium-sized, as opposed to large, firms, or where such clusters at least stand as good a chance as large firms. Small firms may work through a diversity of forms of governance: certain forms of market; cooperation among themselves; through associations; with larger firms located in the same area; or by making use of local facilities provided by governmental or other external agencies - or a combination of all five. The introduction shows how previous literature has been divided into two strands. First came optimistic, mainly 1980s, writings, which assumed that the search for flexibility and quality, typical of post-Fordist models of economic organization, would enhance the role of SMEs. In the ensuing decade, a more pessimistic analysis was put forward. It was argued that the increasing globalization of the economy would bring about a demise of local production systems, under pressure from new global large firms. The authors discuss the possibility of more nuanced findings, and propose a combination of the literature on local production systems with theories of economic governance to assist this process. There follows a chapter which surveys overall economic development in the four countries, concentrating on local economies. Then four national surveys take up the theme of the governance of local production systems in Italy, Germany, France, and Britain. A concluding chapter identifies a diversity of forms of clusters of small firms, and on that basis develops a sociological critique of current neo-institutionalist theories of markets. Local production systems are found to be growing, not declining, in importance, as they facilitate the circulation of tacit knowledge - a precious resource in all sectors which depend on both constant innovation and the flexibility of small enterprises. However, the most rapidly growing form of these systems is that where groups of small suppliers depend on a major customer firm - a form that in the long run might undermine the autonomous capacities of local small-firm systems. (Résumé éditeur)
Study of structural defects in γ‐MnO2 by Raman spectroscopy (2002)

Abstract The structural arrangement of γ‐MnO 2 is currently explained by a random intergrowth of pyrolusite layers in a ramsdellite matrix. The structures of a large variety of γ‐MnO 2 samples with various structural parameters Pr were studied by x‐ray powder diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy. We show that elucidation of the quantitative determination of the structural disorder present in γ‐MnO 2 is accurate by Raman scattering spectroscopy. The Raman data for manganese dioxides with the γ‐type structure are treated by a local environment model, which allows one to consider the relationship between the band wavenumber and the pyrolusite intergrowth that corresponds to the structural De Wolff defects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Transient Method for Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Rigid Polyurethane Foams (2008)

Rigid polyurethane foams (PU) are widely used as thermal insulators in various applications. The thermal conductivity of the foam is the key parameter that governs the efficiency of thermal insulation provided by the foam. The usual technique employed to measure thermal conductivity is based on the rate of steady state heat transfer across a known thickness, induced by two different known temperatures at two opposite surfaces of the foam. We introduce a technique based on the transient measurement of heat transfer measured by an embedded needle probe. This technique is not only rapid but the instrumentation required for such a measurement is simple and the cost is only a fraction of the steady state counterpart. The values of thermal conductivity obtained by both methods are compared and found to agree within 4% over the range of 0.02—0.03 W/mK, which is the usual range of thermal conductivity for commercial rigid PU foams. The sensitivity of the needle probe technique is demonstrated by measuring the thermal conductivity values of foams made with various concentrations of chemical blowing agent (water). The present technique is also shown to be effective for measuring the thermal conductivity of small samples, especially, free rise cup foams for which the steady state technique can not be used.
Mucosal vaccine efficacy against intrarectal SHIV is independent of anti-Env antibody response (2019)

It is widely believed that protection against acquisition of HIV or SIV infection requires anti-envelope (anti-Env) antibodies, and that cellular immunity may affect viral loads but not acquisition, except in special cases. Here we provide evidence to the contrary. Mucosal immunization may enhance HIV vaccine efficacy by eliciting protective responses at portals of exposure. Accordingly, we vaccinated macaques mucosally with HIV/SIV peptides, modified vaccinia Ankara-SIV (MVA-SIV), and HIV-gp120-CD4 fusion protein plus adjuvants, which consistently reduced infection risk against heterologous intrarectal SHIVSF162P4 challenge, both high dose and repeated low dose. Surprisingly, vaccinated animals exhibited no anti-gp120 humoral responses above background and Gag- and Env-specific T cells were induced but failed to correlate with viral acquisition. Instead, vaccine-induced gut microbiome alteration and myeloid cell accumulation in colorectal mucosa correlated with protection. Ex vivo stimulation of the myeloid cell-enriched population with SHIV led to enhanced production of trained immunity markers TNF-α and IL-6, as well as viral coreceptor agonist MIP1α, which correlated with reduced viral Gag expression and in vivo viral acquisition. Overall, our results suggest mechanisms involving trained innate mucosal immunity together with antigen-specific T cells, and also indicate that vaccines can have critical effects on the gut microbiome, which in turn can affect resistance to infection. Strategies to elicit similar responses may be considered for vaccine designs to achieve optimal protective efficacy.
Polydopamine-Derived Iron-Doped Hollow Carbon Nanorods as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Simultaneous Generation of Hydrogen and Electricity (2022)

As a step toward developing robust and highly active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), we have developed a polydopamine-derived iron-doped hollow carbon nanorod (FeHCNR). It exhibits high electrocatalytic activity toward the HER in acidic media with an overpotential of 29.4 mV at the current density of 50 mA cm–2. The catalyst also displays efficient activity for the ORR in acidic media with a high onset potential of 0.97 V. To demonstrate the practical feasibility of the HER characteristics, we designed a new type of Zn–H2 hybrid battery for the simultaneous generation of hydrogen and electricity by asymmetric electrolysis with the acid catholyte and alkaline anolyte. The system displayed an open-circuit voltage of 1.28 V along with good stability compared to that of the one built using the commercial Pt/C catalyst. This device could generate H2 gas with a Faradaic efficiency of 97% along with the generation of electricity. Moreover, the outstanding ORR activity of the FeHCNR could be validated by demonstrating an asymmetric-electrolyte Zn–air battery by employing the catalyst as the cathode, which provided an open-circuit voltage of 2.15 V and a power density of 69 mW cm–2 with the contribution of the electrochemical neutralization energy along with Zn oxidation. Thus, the FeHCNR could perform well toward the HER and ORR during the system-level demonstrations, and this advantage is mainly credited to the hollow nanorod structure of the catalyst, which provides better exposure of the active sites along the outer and inner walls of the system to facilitate the concerned reactions. The open-tube cavity structure of the FeHCNR is supportive for the simultaneous diffusion of the electrolyte and reactants along with more facile dissipation of the products.
A 25Gb/s PAM4 transmitter in 90nm CMOS SOI (2005)

A 25 Gb/s multi-level PAM4 transmitter intended for short-range chip-to-chip on-board interconnects is presented. A 4-tap FIR pre-emphasis filtering scheme is used to equalize channel loss and to improve eye opening. Fabricated in a low-k partially depleted 90 nm SOI technology, it occupies 0.052 mm/sup 2/ and draws 99.3 mA from a 1 V supply.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring E Analogues of Methyllycaconitine (MLA) as Novel Nicotinic Antagonists. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Does a ureteral access sheath facilitate ureteroscopy? (2001)

Routine use of a ureteral access sheath appears to facilitate semirigid and flexible ureteroscopy by decreasing operative time and costs, allowing direct visualization of ureteroscope insertion with simple ureteral re-entry and assisting renal and ureteral access with minimal associated morbidity. A ureteral access sheath should be considered for routine ureteroscopic procedures.
Computational and experimental evidence for a new TM–N3/C moiety family in non-PGM electrocatalysts (2015)

In the present work, we demonstrate that the formation energies of previously unexplored single and double carbon vacancy based TM-N3/C defect moieties are favourable. This prediction suggests that these defect motifs, in particular DV-Fe-N3/C can form during high-temperature catalyst synthesis. Defect specific N 1s core-level shifts were computed from first-principles for the deconvolution of XPS observations.
Regulation of Endothelial Intracellular Glutathione by ICAM‐1 (2006)

Recent work from our lab has uncovered a role for ICAM-1 in regulating endothelial glutathione levels. Here we provide further evidence for the involvement of this adhesion molecule in this process. Using cross-linking antibodies, total GSH was measured after ICAM-1 ligation on confluent endothelium. Next, confluent cells were treated overnight with 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) followed by total GSH measurements. Lastly, confluent endothelial cells were treated overnight with 10, 25, or 50 μM of a cell permeable peptide containing the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail of ICAM-1, and then GSH was measured. Cross linking ICAM-1 on the endothelial surface, thus mimicking leukocyte adhesion, induced a significant increase in GSH levels at 16 hrs (135.02±15.32 nmol/mg protein vs 74.99±2.75 nmol mg/protein for untreated). Soluble ICAM-1 at 1 ng/mL also significantly elevated endothelial GSH levels (88.52±9.76 nmol/mg protein for 1 ng/mL sICAM-1 vs. 56.88±3.79 nmol/mg protein for untreated), and treatment with 25 and 50 μM of a cell permeable C-terminal fragment of ICAM-1 significantly increased GSH levels compared to the control peptide (36.14±1.07 and 39.65±1.27 nmol/mg protein for 25 and 50 μM ICAM-1 peptide, respectively, vs. 19.82±1.15 and 24.39±0.63 nmol/mg protein for 25 and 50 μM control peptide, respectively). These data provide novel evidence that ICAM-1 regulates endothelial cell redox status through modulation of pathways controlling intracellular glutathione.
Soft Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism of Carbon-Implanted Amorphous Fe93Zr7Films (2013)

We report on the effect of carbon implantation on the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Fe93Zr7 (FeZr) amorphous films. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements on (FeZr)(100-x)C-x (x = 0, 5.5, and 11) indicate the incorporation of carbon in the FeZr matrix, with an increase of the Fe-Fe distance by implanting carbon. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal the creation of Fe-C bonds after implantation. A significant enhancement of the Curie temperature and decrease of the coercivity are observed in the carbon-implanted films. Moreover, the non collinear ferromagnetism of the as-grown FeZr film diminishes upon carbon implantation. (c) 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
Assessing the Usability of a Dialogue Management System Designed in the Framework of a Rapid Dialogue Prototyping Methodology (2004)

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Statistical routing for cognitive random access networks (2012)

A novel approach to multi-hop routing for cognitive random access is developed under channel gain uncertainty constraints. Motivated by the inherent randomness of the propagation medium, the novel routing strategy leverages pairwise decoding probabilities to randomly route packets to neighboring nodes. The resultant cross-layer optimization framework not only provides optimal routes in a well-defined sense, but also yields transmission probabilities and transmit-powers, thus enabling cognizant adaptation of networking, medium access, and physical layer parameters to the operational environment. The relevant optimization problem is non-convex and hence hard to solve in general. Nevertheless, a successive convex approximation approach is employed to efficiently find a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker solution. Enticingly, the fresh look advocated here permeates benefits also to conventional multi-hop random access networks in the presence of channel uncertainty.
Pulsed Laser Deposition and Characterization of Heteroepitaxial LiMn2O4/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 Bilayer Thin Films as Model Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes (2018)

Epitaxial LiMn2O4 (LMO)/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) bilayer thin films were grown on single crystalline SrTiO3 (STO) (111) substrates as model lithium ion battery cathodes. The LSCO layer was used as an electrically conducting buffer layer for electrochemical testing. The LMO and LSCO layers were both epitaxial, with sub-nano flat LMO/LSCO interfaces as seen by X-ray diffraction, synchrotron X-ray scattering, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), but with a large LMO surface roughness due to the relatively large lattice mismatch with LSCO. Three-dimensional islands and depressions were formed on the strain-relaxed LMO layer, and misfit dislocations at the LMO/LSCO interface were discerned through HRTEM imaging, suggesting a Stranski–Krastanov (SK) mode thin-film growth. A crystalline structural change from cubic spinel at the LMO surface and interior to tetragonal oxygen-deficient LMO at the LMO/LSCO interface was examined. Electrochemical tests along with in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements on the epitaxial LMO/LSCO bilayers showed a significant loss of capacity after the first cycle, which was attributed to an electrical conductivity loss of the LSCO buffer layer due to irreversible lattice oxygen loss.
Compact orthogonal view OCT: clinical exploration of human trabecular meshwork and cornea at cell resolution (2022)

Glaucoma remains among the leading causes of blindness despite many treatment options available today. Effective treatment requires early diagnosis, which is difficult to achieve with existing imaging technologies that detect the already inflicted irreversible posterior eye damage. One improved approach could be to detect the changes in trabecular meshwork of the anterior eye that precede the intraocular pressure buildup and vision loss. Here we report a device that enables in vivo exploration of trabecular meshwork at cell resolution. The instrument combines two orthogonal views: en face view of time-domain full-field OCT for high-resolution and cross-sectional view of spectral-domain OCT for aligning to the meshwork. The device resolves micron-level corneoscleral and uveal pores, meshwork beams and internal elastic fibers, ciliary body tendons and trabecular cell nuclei. Capable of detecting blockage of trabecular pores, orthogonal view OCT presents a promising solution to the long-standing problem of early glaucoma diagnosis. Future clinical adoption of the device is facilitated by the compact footprint and broad functionality that includes corneal imaging in healthy subjects and patients (with keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial dystrophy) using the same design.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Dimentional Fluctuation Conductivity in Superconducting Single Crystal K3C60 and Rb3C60. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Micropipeline-Based Asynchronous Design Methodology for Robust System Design Using Nanoscale Crossbar (2008)

System design with nanoscale molecular devices will require developing new circuit and architectural techniques to exploit highly dense and regular structures such as nano-crossbar. It also requires addressing some inherent limitations with these devices, such as large process variations, high defect rates, lack of voltage gain (preventing logic cascading), and large overhead of interfacing logic. We propose an asynchronous design paradigm for nanoscale crossbar that combines them with CMOS-based event- driven bistable elements to implement micropipeline structures. An automated design platform for synthesizing these systems is also presented. The proposed asynchronous design approach addresses three main issues with nanoscale crossbar: 1) parameter variations, 2) logic cascading, and 3) large overhead of interfacing logic. Simulation results show considerable improvement in robustness under variations as well as in total area (up to 1.8X), delay (up to 2X) and power (up to 3.2X) compared to equivalent sequential implementation.
Interface tailoring by a versatile functionalization platform for nanostructured wood biocomposites (2020)

A sustainable, selective and versatile chemical functionalization platform for cellulosic templates is developed. The interface tailoring method was applied to transparent wood biocomposites for controlled interfacial adhesion.
Beamforming microphone arrays for speech enhancement (1992)

It is shown that beamforming with microphone arrays can be used to significantly reduce the effects of noise and reverberation. The Frost algorithm and a new vectorized algorithm called the row-action projection (RAP) method are shown to yield approximately 11 dB of interference suppression. Computer simulations demonstrate the performance of the beamforming techniques for various locations of interference sources. The scenarios used for the computer simulations consist of a speech signal arriving normal to the array contaminated with speech interference from an unknown direction off the normal. The direction of the desired speaker is taken to the normal to the array for the simulation; however, it could be at any specified 'look direction'.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gene expression associated with disease resistance and long-term growth in a reef-building coral (2020)

ABSTRACT Rampant coral disease, exacerbated by climate change and other anthropogenic stressors, threatens reefs worldwide, especially in the Caribbean. Physically isolated yet genetically connected reefs such as Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary (FGBNMS) may serve as potential refugia for degraded Caribbean reefs. However, little is known about the mechanisms and trade-offs of pathogen resistance in reef-building corals. Here we measure pathogen resistance in Montastraea cavernosa from FGBNMS. We identified individual colonies that demonstrated resistance or susceptibility to Vibrio spp . in a controlled laboratory environment. Long-term growth patterns suggest no trade-off between disease resistance and calcification. Predictive (pre-exposure) gene expression highlights subtle differences between resistant and susceptible genets, encouraging future coral disease studies to investigate associations between resistance and replicative age and immune cell populations. Predictive gene expression associated with long-term growth underscores the role of cation transporters and extracellular matrix remodelers, contributing to the growing body of knowledge surrounding genes that influence calcification in reef-building corals. Together these results demonstrate that coral genets from isolated sanctuaries such as FGBNMS can withstand pathogen challenges and potentially aid restoration efforts in degraded reefs. Furthermore, gene expression signatures associated with resistance and long-term growth help inform strategic assessment of coral health parameters.