gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
70 INCORPORATING MULTIPLE STAGES OF MASS SPECTROMETRY INTO LIPID PROFILING OF OOCYTES AND PRE-IMPLANTATION EMBRYOS (2014)

Lipid profiling by mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly used for the analysis of oocytes, embryos, and other reproductive cells. This analytical approach has several advantages, such as simple preparation (no need to perform extraction or separation), low detection limits (no need of sample pooling), and detection of structurally intact and diverse lipids. Many degrees of freedom are ensured by MS techniques (e.g. with the adoption of diverse ionization sources, mass analyzers, data acquisition systems), and this broadens the classes of lipids that can be detected and identified. Tandem or high-resolution MS experiments are normally performed for chemical characterisation. However, the use of novel approaches is a constant need to obtain deeper structural insights into lipids of biological interest, resulting in an information-rich dataset. Here we propose the use of multiple stages of MS for lipid profiling, specifically MS/MS data domain (i.e. ion mapping) experiments, so that comprehensive structural and relationship information (i.e. classes) can be extracted from a dataset. Indeed, the data generated have 2 dimensions of mass (i.e. precursor and product ions) and one of ion intensity, resulting in a datacube structure. Cutting through the datacube in different ways allows the extrapolation of (i) chemical composition of specific compounds (i.e. product scans) and (ii) pattern recognition for compounds that share identical neutral or charged fragments loss (i.e. neutral loss and precursor scans, respectively). The global chemical information enclosed into the datacube can be also processed by means of multiway statistical analyses to chemically characterise cells and cellular compartments. Preliminary data have been acquired, and the development of statistical tools for data processing is ongoing. Bovine and rat embryos were used for the experiments and analysed by extraction spray ambient MS. Experiments were performed with a Thermo Finnigan LTQ linear ion trap. Dimethylformamide-acetonitrile (1 : 1 v/v) was used as spray solvent. The ion mapping experiment was configured to scan ions of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio 700 to 900 and perform MS/MS every m/z 1.5 window with a collision energy of 25 (arbitrary units). Fragments were detected in the m/z range of 150 to 900. Chemical differences are present between bovine and rat embryos, of note are palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids. The application of ion mapping to characterise species-specific and developmental dynamics regarding lipid composition is currently under investigation.
High-numerical-aperture lens system for optical storage (1993)

We describe a new type of optical pickup for use in high-density optical storage systems. By changing a conventional pickup design to include a glass element between the objective and the disk, the transverse resolution of the system can be increased by as much as a factor of 1.5. This system is also less sensitive than conventional systems to variations in disk thickness and disk tilt. We demonstrate how the system has been used as a microscope to inspect an optical disk and describe possible design configurations for an optical pickup.
Nachweis der Akkumulation von intravenös injizierten, Eisenoxid- oder FDG-18 markierten zytotoxischen T-Lymphozyten in HER2/neu+ NIH3T3 Tumoren mittels Magnetresonanztomographie und Autoradiographie (2006)

Ziele: Nachweis der Akkumulation von intravenös injizierten, Eisenoxid- oder FDG-18 markierten zytotoxischen T-Lymphozyten (NK-92) in HER2/neu positiven NIH3T3 Tumoren mittels Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und Autoradiographie. Methode: NK-92 Zellen, die nicht gegen HER2/neu gerichtet waren, und genetisch modifizierte NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta Zellen, die einen für das HER2/neu Antigen spezifischen chimären Antigenrezeptor exprimieren, wurden mit Ferucarbotran oder mit FDG-18 markiert. Die Effektivität der Markierung wurde mittels Bildgebung, Berliner Blau Färbung und Spektrometrie bewertet und optimiert.
A YAP/TAZ-TEAD signalling module links endothelial nutrient acquisition to angiogenic growth (2022)

Angiogenesis, the process by which endothelial cells (ECs) form new blood vessels from existing ones, is intimately linked to the tissue's metabolic milieu and often occurs at nutrient-deficient sites. However, ECs rely on sufficient metabolic resources to support growth and proliferation. How endothelial nutrient acquisition and usage are regulated is unknown. Here we show that these processes are instructed by Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)/WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1/TAZ)-transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD): a transcriptional module whose function is highly responsive to changes in the tissue environment. ECs lacking YAP/TAZ or their transcriptional partners, TEAD1, 2 and 4 fail to divide, resulting in stunted vascular growth in mice. Conversely, activation of TAZ, the more abundant paralogue in ECs, boosts proliferation, leading to vascular hyperplasia. We find that YAP/TAZ promote angiogenesis by fuelling nutrient-dependent mTORC1 signalling. By orchestrating the transcription of a repertoire of cell-surface transporters, including the large neutral amino acid transporter SLC7A5, YAP/TAZ-TEAD stimulate the import of amino acids and other essential nutrients, thereby enabling mTORC1 activation. Dissociating mTORC1 from these nutrient inputs-elicited by the loss of Rag GTPases-inhibits mTORC1 activity and prevents YAP/TAZ-dependent vascular growth. Together, these findings define a pivotal role for YAP/TAZ-TEAD in controlling endothelial mTORC1 and illustrate the essentiality of coordinated nutrient fluxes in the vasculature.
Cleavage of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase by Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme and Its Homologs TX and Nedd-2 (1995)

The proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an early biochemical event, which occurs during apoptosis. A recent study suggested that PARP cleavage can be mediated by a novel cytosolic protease (prICE) that resembles interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE), but cannot be mediated by ICE itself (Lazebnik, Y.A., Kaufmann, S.H., Desnoyers, S., Poirier, G.G., and Earnshaw, W.C. (1994) Nature 371, 346-347). We have used a COS cell co-transfection assay to investigate if ICE or any known ICE-like protease is active in PARP cleavage within the cell. Here we report that co-expression of human PARP with human ICE, or the ICE homologs TX and Nedd-2, resulted in a cleavage of PARP identical to that observed in apoptotic cells. Experiments with purified recombinant human ICE indicated that PARP polypeptide can be specifically cleaved in vitro by ICE in a time- and enzyme concentration-dependent manner. PARP cleavage, however, requires a 50-100-fold higher ICE concentration than does processing of the interleukin-1 beta precursor at an equivalent substrate concentration. The abilities of ICE, TX, and Nedd-2, when expressed at high intracellular concentrations, to cleave PARP are consistent with their induction of apoptosis in transfected cells.
A new CVD film formation process using ionization of TEOS (2002)

A new CVD method called ionization CVD, where ionized source molecules were deposited on a substrate by Coulombic force, was developed to control film formation and particle generation. This method was applied to the TEOS/O/sub 3/-APCVD process by using the surface corona discharge. The growth rate of film formed by the ionization CVD was 2-4 times higher than that by the common CVD. Films deposited by the new CVD showed strongly the flow-like shape. Nanometer-sized particles which have been generally generated in the common reactor, were not detected in the ionization CVD reactor.
Verification of Optimal Control Strategy Search Using a Simplest 3-D PWR Xenon Oscillation Simulator (2007)

Power spatial oscillations due to the transient xenon spatial distribution are well known as a xenon oscillation in large PWRs.When the reactor size becomes larger than the current design, then even radial oscillations can be also divergent.Even if the radial oscillation is convergent, when some control rods' malfunction occurs, it is necessary to suppress the oscillation in a short time as much as possible.In such cases, an optimal control strategy is required.Generally speaking, the optimality search based on the modern control theory requires a lot of calculation for the evaluation of state variables.In the case of control rod malfunctions, the xenon oscillation could be three dimensional.In such case, direct core calculations would be inevitable.From this point of view, a very simple model, an only four-point reactor model, has been developed and verified.In this paper, an example of a procedure and the validity of the results for an optimal control strategy search are presented by comparing it with the result by a three dimensional nuclear design code.The simplest simulator can predict an optimal strategy in less than 10 s on a PC.Thus, it is recommended that a strategy generator, which is quick in analyzing and easy to use, might be installed in a monitoring system or in an operator guiding system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐(2‐Aminopropyl)benzimidazoles (VIII), Structurally Related to the TIBO Derivative R82150 (IX), with Activity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Combining NHC–Cu and Brønsted Base Catalysis: Enantioselective Allylic Substitution/Conjugate Additions with Alkynylaluminum Reagents and Stereospecific Isomerization of the Products to Trisubstituted Allenes (2013)

All-catalytic route to trisubstituted allenes: The first examples of catalytic enantioselective allylic substitution reactions that involve alkyne-based nucleophiles and lead to products having tertiary stereogenic centers are followed by an exceptionally stereospecific amine-catalyzed isomerization to trisubstituted allenes (see picture; NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene).
Injection Molding Processing Data (2018)

You have accessInjection Molding Processing DataNov 2018Injection Molding Processing DataAlberto Naranjo C., Maria del Maria del, Juan Diego Sierra M., Juan Rodrigo Sanz, Tim A. OsswaldAlberto Naranjo C., Maria del Maria del, Juan Diego Sierra M., Juan Rodrigo Sanz, Tim A. Osswaldhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906675.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2018Pages: 1-4Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-666-8eISBN: 978-1-56990-667-5 Copyright & Permissions© 2019 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
In vivo MRI is sensitive to remyelination in a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis (2023)

Remyelination is crucial to recover from inflammatory demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Investigating remyelination in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is difficult in MS, where collecting serial short-interval scans is challenging. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in common marmosets, a model of MS that recapitulates focal cerebral inflammatory demyelinating lesions, we investigated whether MRI is sensitive to, and can characterize, remyelination. In six animals followed with multisequence 7 T MRI, 31 focal lesions, predicted to be demyelinated or remyelinated based on signal intensity on proton density-weighted images, were subsequently assessed with histopathology. Remyelination occurred in four of six marmosets and 45% of lesions. Radiological-pathological comparison showed that MRI had high statistical sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90%) for detecting remyelination. This study demonstrates the prevalence of spontaneous remyelination in marmoset EAE and the ability of in vivo MRI to detect it, with implications for preclinical testing of pro-remyelinating agents.
Engineered DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein confer single dose protection in a murine malaria challenge model (2022)

Novel approaches for malaria prophylaxis remain important. Synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) are a promising approach to generate rapid, direct in vivo host-generated mAbs with potential benefits in production simplicity and distribution coupled with genetic engineering. Here, we explore this approach in a malaria challenge model. We engineered germline-reverted DMAbs based on human mAb clones CIS43, 317, and L9 which target a junctional epitope, major repeat, and minor repeat of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) respectively. DMAb variants were encoded into a plasmid vector backbone and their expression and binding profiles were characterized. We demonstrate long-term serological expression of DMAb constructs resulting in in vivo efficacy of CIS43 GL and 317 GL in a rigorous mosquito bite mouse challenge model. Additionally, we engineered an Fc modified variant of CIS43 and L9-based DMAbs to ablate binding to C1q to test the impact of complement-dependent Fc function on challenge outcomes. Complement knockout variant DMAbs demonstrated similar protection to that of WT Fc DMAbs supporting the notion that direct binding to the parasite is sufficient for the protection observed. Further investigation of DMAbs for malaria prophylaxis appears of importance.
Demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological characteristics of BECTS patients and healthy controls. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in patients and controls were based on the results of 24 and 18 participants, respectively. FSIQ = full scale IQ; VIQ = verbal IQ; PIQ = performance IQ. NA, not available.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;Two-sample &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;b&lt;/sup&gt;χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological characteristics of BECTS patients and healthy controls.&lt;/p&gt;
Quantifying the power loss when transmit beamforming relies on finite-rate feedback (2005)

Transmit beamforming achieves optimal performance in systems with multiple transmit antennas and a single receive antenna from both the capacity and the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) perspectives but ideally requires perfect channel knowledge at the transmitter. In practical systems where the feedback link can only convey a finite number of bits, transmit beamformer designs have been extensively investigated using either the outage probability or the average SNR as the figure of merit. In this paper, we study the symbol error rate (SER) for transmit beamforming with finite-rate feedback in a multi-input single-output setting. We derive an SER lower bound that is tight for good beamformer designs. Comparing this bound with the SER corresponding to the ideal case, we quantify the power loss due to the finite-rate constraint across the entire SNR range.
Measuring hemodynamic changes during mammalian development (2004)

The pathogenesis of many congenital cardiovascular diseases involves abnormal flow within the embryonic vasculature that results either from malformations of the heart or defects in the vasculature itself. Extensive genetic and genomic analysis in mice has led to the identification of an array of mutations that result in cardiovascular defects during embryogenesis. Many of these mutations cause secondary effects within the vasculature that are thought to arise because of altered fluid dynamics. Presumably, cardiac defects disturb or reduce flow and thereby lead to the disruption of the mechanical signals necessary for proper vascular development. Unfortunately, a precise understanding of how flow disruptions lead to secondary vasculature defects has been hampered by the inadequacy of existing analytical tools. Here, we used a fast line-scanning technique for the quantitative analysis of hemodynamics during early organogenesis in mouse embryos, and we present a model system for studying cellular responses during the formation and remodeling of the mammalian cardiovascular system. Flow velocity profiles can be measured as soon as a heart begins to beat even in newly formed vessels. These studies establish a link between the pattern of blood flow within the vasculature and the stage of heart development and also enable analysis of the influence of mechanical forces during development.
First-order Raman scattering of rare-earth containingi-MAX single crystals(Mo2/3RE1/3)2AlC (RE=Nd,Gd,Dy,Ho,Er) (2019)

Herein, we report on the growth of single crystals of various ${\left({\text{Mo}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{RE}}_{1/3}\right)}_{2}\text{Al}\text{C} (\mathrm{RE}=\mathrm{Nd},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Gd},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Dy},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Ho},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Er}) i$-MAX phases and their Raman characterization. Using first principles, the wave numbers of the various phonon modes and their relative atomic displacements are calculated and compared to experimental results. Twelve high-intensity Raman peaks are identified as the fingerprint of this new family of rare-earth containing $i$-MAX phases, thus being a useful tool to investigate their corresponding composition and structural properties. Indeed, while a redshift is observed in the low-wave-number range due to an increase of the rare-earth atomic mass when moving from left to right on the lanthanide row, a blueshift is observed for most of the high-wave-number modes due to a strengthening of the bonds. A complete classification of bond stiffnesses is achieved based on the direct dependence of a phonon mode wave number with respect to the bond stiffness. Finally, STEM images are used to confirm the crystal structure.
SOOTING LIMITS OF MICROGRAVITY SPHERICAL DIFFUSION FLAMES IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED AIR AND DILUTED FUEL (2004)

Limiting conditions for soot-particle inception were observed in microgravity spherical diffusion flames burning ethylene at 0.98 bar. Nitrogen was supplied to the ethylene and/or oxygen to obtain the broadest available range of stoichiometric mixture fraction, Zst. Both normal flames (surrounded by oxidizer) and inverse flames (surrounded by fuel) were considered. Soot-free conditions were found to be favored at increased Zst and there was no observed effect of convection direction on the sooting limits. The sooting limits follow a linear relationship between adiabatic flame temperature and Zst, with Zst accounting for a variation of about 700 K in the sooting-limit adiabatic flame temperature. This relationship is in qualitative agreement with a simple theory that assumes soot inception requires the local C/O atom ratio and temperature to be above threshold values, (C/O)c and Tc, respectively. The theory indicates that different mechanisms are responsible for sooting limits at low and high Zst. When inert is added to a fuel/air flame, a sooting limit is obtained when temperature becomes so low that the kinetics of soot inception are too slow to produce soot. On the other hand, a flame with a high Zst has low C/O ratios far into the fuel side of the flame. For such a flame, soot-free conditions can be attained at much higher temperatures because there is sufficient oxygen on the fuel side to favor oxidation of light hydrocarbons over formation of soot precursors.
13910C>T and 22018G>A LCT gene polymorphisms in diagnosing hypolactasia in children (2018)

Background Primary lactose intolerance (PLI) is a gradual decrease of lactase activity that usually manifests at the age of 1–5 years. It has been proved that PLI is related to a single‐nucleotide polymorphism of the lactase ( LCT ) gene. Objective An evaluation was performed on the usefulness of genetic tests in detecting LCT 13910C&gt;T and 22018G&gt;A polymorphisms in diagnosing lactose intolerance in children. Methods The study group included 99 children aged from 2 months to 16.5 years with different digestive tract symptoms. In all patients a hydrogen breath test (HBT) was conducted and blood samples were collected to determine LCT polymorphisms. PLI was defined as the presence of the 13910CC and/or 22018GG polymorphism in patients with a positive HBT result. Results In the group younger than 6 years, no statistically significant correlation was observed between the 13910CC and/or 22018GG LCT polymorphisms and HBT result. In the group of children older than 6, a statistically significant correlation between the 13910CC ( p = 0.0011) and 22018GG ( p = 0.003) LCT polymorphisms and HBT result was detected. Conclusions In children older than 6, the result of genetic testing based on LCT 13910C&gt;T and 22018G&gt;A polymorphisms may diagnose lactose intolerance.
Adjuvant and combined radioimmunotherapy: problems and prospects on the road to Minerva. (2006)

One of the results of reviewing a provocative article is that the Editor-in-Chief sometimes provides the opportunity, or maybe the challenge, to comment. I choose to relate my thoughts on this article to Minerva, because of her being the goddess of medical and other technical applications, which I
Spectroscopic and lasing properties of Ti:Sapphire at low temperature (2007)

We study the temperature dependence of the Ti:sapphire gain properties. We explain the evolution of the lasing properties at low temperature with the changes in the fluorescence spectra and the emission cross section.
Dermatologist-like feature extraction from skin lesion for improved asymmetry classification in PH2 database (2016)

Asymmetry is one of key characteristics for early diagnosis of melanoma according to medical algorithms such as (ABCD, CASH etc.). Besides shape information, cues such as irregular distribution of colors and structures within the lesion area are assessed by dermatologists to determine lesion asymmetry. Motivated by the clinical practices, we have used Kullback-Leibler divergence of color histogram and Structural Similarity metric as a measures of these irregularities. We have presented performance of several classifiers using these features on publicly available PH2 dataset. The obtained result shows better asymmetry classification than available literature. Besides being a new benchmark, the proposed technique can be used for early diagnosis of melanoma by both clinical experts and other automated diagnosis systems.
Nonlinear dynamics of attractive magnetic bearings (1987)

The nonlinear dynamics of a ferromagnetic shaft suspended by the force of attraction of 1, 2, or 4 independent electromagnets is presented. Each model includes a state variable feedback controller which has been designed using the pole placement method. The constitutive relationships for the magnets are derived analytically from magnetic circuit theory, and the effects of induced eddy currents due to the rotation of the journal are included using Maxwell's field relations. A rotor suspended by four electro-magnets with closed loop feedback is shown to have nine equilibrium points within the bearing clearance space. As the rotor spin speed increases, the system is shown to pass through a Hopf bifurcation (a flutter instability). Using center manifold theory, this bifurcation can be shown to be of the subcritical type, indicating an unstable limit cycle below the critical speed. The bearing is very sensitive to initial conditions, and the equilibrium position is easily upset by transient excitation. The results are confirmed by numerical simulation.