gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoaffinity labelling of carnitine acetyltransferase with S-(p-azidophenacyl)thiocarnitine (1986)

A photolabile reagent, p-azidophenacyl-DL-thiocarnitine, was synthesized and tested as a photoaffinity label for carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) from pigeon breast. p-Azidophenacyl-DL-thiocarnitine is an active-site-directed reagent for this acetyltransferase, since it is a competitive inhibitor (Ki 10 microM) versus carnitine. U.v. irradiation of a mixture of p-azidophenacyl-DL-thiocarnitine and enzyme produces irreversible inhibition. Acetyl-DL-carnitine protects the enzyme from inhibition by photoactivated p-azidophenacyl-DL-thiocarnitine. In the presence of 30 mM-2-mercaptoethanol as a scavenger, the relationship between loss of activity and photoincorporation of reagent suggests that one molecule of reagent is incorporated per molecule of inhibited enzyme. However, peptide maps of enzyme labelled with p-azidophenacyl[14C]thiocarnitine indicate that several (about six) tryptic peptides (of a possible 60-65) are modified. The presence of 5 mM-acetyl-DL-carnitine significantly decreases the incorporation of reagent in each labelled tryptic peptide.
Photonic Crystal-Based MOEMS Devices (2007)

In this paper, a new class of microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) devices combining photonic crystals (PCs) formed in in-plane waveguiding membranes (in-plane 1-D or 2-D large contrast modulation of the optical index) and a multilayer stack (1-D "vertical" modulation of the optical index) according to the so-called 2.5-D micronanophotonics approach is reported. The operation of the devices is based on the resonant coupling between radiated optical modes and slow Bloch modes waveguided in the particular membranes of the stack, which are laterally patterned to form a PC. Use of high-index contrast PC gratings result in enhanced lateral compactness of the devices. The MOEMS functionality is achieved via micromechanical subwavelength vertical displacement of some of the suspended membranes. Recent demonstrations of devices (including tunable filters and surface-emitting microsources) operating along these principles are presented
Design of a Tool Integrating Force Sensing With Automated Insertion in Cochlear Implantation (2011)

The quality of hearing restored to a deaf patient by a cochlear implant in hearing preservation cochlear implant surgery (and possibly also in routine cochlear implant surgery) is believed to depend on preserving delicate cochlear membranes while accurately inserting an electrode array deep into the spiral cochlea. Membrane rupture forces, and possibly, other indicators of suboptimal placement, are below the threshold detectable by human hands, motivating a force sensing insertion tool. Furthermore, recent studies have shown significant variability in manual insertion forces and velocities that may explain some instances of imperfect placement. Toward addressing this, an automated insertion tool was recently developed by Hussong <i>et al.</i> By following the same insertion tool concept, in this paper, we present mechanical enhancements that improve the surgeon's interface with the device and make it smaller and lighter. We also present electomechanical design of new components enabling integrated force sensing. The tool is designed to be sufficiently compact and light that it can be mounted to a microstereotactic frame for accurate image-guided preinsertion positioning. The new integrated force sensing system is capable of resolving forces as small as 0.005 N, and we provide experimental illustration of using forces to detect errors in electrode insertion.
Fourteen-year Clinical Performance of a HEMA-free One-step Self-etch Adhesive in Non-carious Cervical Lesions. (2023)

After 14 years, restorations bonded with the HEMA-free 1SEa performed as well as those bonded with the 3E&Ra gold standard. Unacceptable marginal deterioration was the main reason for failure, followed by loss of retention.
Tailoring the Dielectric Layer Structure for Enhanced Carrier Mobility in Organic Transistors: The Use of Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Multilayer Dielectrics (2016)

Hybrid (organic-inorganic) multilayers are used as gate dielectric layers on thin-film transistors. Larger charge-carrier mobility and better operational stability are observed in comparison with transistors using simpler gate dielectrics. The interface roughness is identified as the major factor determining the carrier mobility of the devices. Effects of polarization and charge trapping arising from the interface roughness are discussed. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 564K&lt;/p&gt;
Fiber optic systems for diode-pumped solid state lasers (1996)

Radial nonsymmetrical fiber endface microlenses original fabrication technique has been used for high efficient pump laser diode radiation coupling (up to 93% without AR coating) into the standard optical fibers and for the form of a pump power diagram at the output fiber endfaces. Nd:GdVO<SUB>4</SUB> laser (2.5 mm crystals length) parameters with semiconfocal (output mirror curvature radius 10 cm) and monolith plane mirrors cavities have been measured for different pump diagrams formed by plane endfaces, spherical microlenses, and Selfoc lenses. Compact diode-pumped solid state lasers may be used in optical communications, optical storage, medicine, and other applications. Diode laser (DL)-optical fiber coupling gives several advantages for these pumping systems -- a possibility to combine several DLs radiation, a remote DLs mounting, small size and electrical safety of the laser heads, simple schemes of active crystals cooling, axial symmetry of the pumping beam for longitudinal geometry. In general, high coupling efficiency between a semiconductor light source and optical fiber may be achieved by the use of microlens, formed on the endface of the fiber. In this case bulk optical components between DL and optical fiber are not needed. In addition, the only reflection surface exists in this coupling technique. Different techniques for producing microlenses on a fiber endface have been developed. For example, tapered hemispherical lenses, melted, etched, and polished lenses are commonly used for this coupling. However, all types of such techniques produce in general radial symmetry lenses: therefore, they do not provide efficient coupling between a round fiber core and a nonsymmetrical DL's radiation. In this paper we demonstrate the fabrication technique of fiber endface radial nonsymmetrical microlenses with radii curvature from few micrometers to few tens micrometers by grinding/polishing process. This process may be used for producing different nonspherical microlenses (cylindrical, elliptical, hyperbolic, etc.) to efficient coupling DL's radiation into single-mode or multimode optical fibers and for producing microlenses (including spherical) on the output fiber endface to form a diagram of a pumping power.
Model-independent measurement ofS-waveK−π+systems usingD+→Kππdecays from Fermilab E791 (2006)

A model-independent partial-wave analysis of the $S$-wave component of the $K\ensuremath{\pi}$ system from decays of ${D}^{+}$ mesons to the three-body ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ final state is described. Data come from the Fermilab E791 experiment. Amplitude measurements are made independently for ranges of ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ invariant mass, and results are obtained below $825\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, where previous measurements exist only in two mass bins. This method of parametrizing a three-body decay amplitude represents a new approach to analyzing such decays. Though no model is required for the $S$-wave, a parametrization of the relatively well-known reference $P$- and $D$-waves, optimized to describe the data used, is required. In this paper, a Breit-Wigner model is adopted to describe the resonances in these waves. The observed phase variation for the $S$-, $P$-, and $D$-waves do not match existing measurements of $I=\frac{1}{2}$ ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ scattering in the invariant mass range in which scattering is predominantly elastic. If the data are mostly $I=\frac{1}{2}$, this observation indicates that the Watson theorem, which requires these phases to have the same dependence on invariant mass, may not apply to these decays without allowing for some interaction with the other pion. The production rate of ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ from these decays, if assumed to be predominantly $I=\frac{1}{2}$, is also found to have a significant dependence on invariant mass in the region above $1.25\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. These measurements can provide a relatively model-free basis for future attempts to determine which strange scalar amplitudes contribute to the decays.
Simultaneous Visualization of Surface Topography and Concentration Field by Means of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Using a Single Electrochemical Probe and Impedance Spectroscopy (2011)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy visualizes concentration profiles. To determine the location of the probe relative to topographical features of the substrate, knowledge of the probe-to-sample distance at each probe position is required. The use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for obtaining information on the substrate-to-probe distance and on the concentration of interest using the electrochemical probe alone is suggested. By tuning the frequencies of interrogation, the probe-to-substrate distance can be derived followed by interrogation of processes that carry information on concentration at lower frequencies. These processes may include charge-transfer relaxation, diffusional relaxation at the electrode, and open-circuit potential at zero frequency. A potentiometric chloride sensing microprobe is used herein to reconstruct both topography and the concentration field at a microscopic diffusional source of chloride.
Zinc bacitracin enhances colonization by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli in experimentally infected layer hens (2002)

Brachyspira pilosicoli strain CPSp1 isolated from a chicken in a broiler breeder flock in Queensland was used to experimentally infect 40 individually caged 22-week-old laying hens. Another 10 birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. All chickens received a commercial layer diet, but 10 infected birds had 50 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (ZnB) incorporated in their food. Birds were kept for 7 weeks, and faecal moisture, egg numbers, egg weights and body weights were recorded weekly. B. pilosicoli was isolated from the faeces of only three of the 30 inoculated birds receiving the diet without ZnB, whereas seven of the 10 inoculated birds receiving ZnB in their diet were colonized. This difference in colonization rate was highly significant (P = < 0.001). Dietary ZnB at 50 parts/10(6) therefore predisposed to colonization by B. pilosicoli. Despite colonization, no significant production differences were found between the birds in the three groups.
A survey of collaborative web search practices (2008)

Today's Web browsers provide limited support for rich information-seeking and information-sharing scenarios. A survey we conducted of 204 knowledge workers at a large technology company has revealed that a large proportion of users engage in searches that include collaborative activities. We present the results of the survey, and then review the implications of these findings for designing new Web search interfaces that provide tools for sharing.
Pulse front control with adaptive optics (2016)

The focusing of ultrashort laser pulses is extremely important for processes including microscopy, laser fabrication and fundamental science. Adaptive optic elements, such as liquid crystal spatial light modulators or membrane deformable mirrors, are routinely used for the correction of aberrations in these systems, leading to improved resolution and efficiency. Here, we demonstrate that adaptive elements used with ultrashort pulses should not be considered simply in terms of wavefront modification, but that changes to the incident pulse front can also occur. We experimentally show how adaptive elements may be used to engineer pulse fronts with spatial resolution.
A Light Transport Model for Mitigating Multipath Interference in TOF\n Sensors (2015)

Continuous-wave Time-of-flight (TOF) range imaging has become a commercially\nviable technology with many applications in computer vision and graphics.\nHowever, the depth images obtained from TOF cameras contain scene dependent\nerrors due to multipath interference (MPI). Specifically, MPI occurs when\nmultiple optical reflections return to a single spatial location on the imaging\nsensor. Many prior approaches to rectifying MPI rely on sparsity in optical\nreflections, which is an extreme simplification. In this paper, we correct MPI\nby combining the standard measurements from a TOF camera with information from\ndirect and global light transport. We report results on both simulated\nexperiments and physical experiments (using the Kinect sensor). Our results,\nevaluated against ground truth, demonstrate a quantitative improvement in depth\naccuracy.\n
Analysis of Plasma Chemical Reactions in Dry Etching of Silicon Dioxide (1995)

A computational model for chemical reactions in plasmas has been developed and applied to the gas-phase chemistry of dry etching of silicon dioxide. An ab-initio molecular orbital method is used to determine the dissociation processes and the threshold energies for gases and neutral radicals. Plasma chemistry is calculated by the plasma chemical kinetic method. The chemical compositions of the dry etching plasmas were investigated for fluorocarbon gases. Calculated ion fluxes, electron temperatures, and densities agreed with experimental results within factors of three. The differences in plasma characteristics between CHF 3 /CH 2 F 2 and C 4 F 8 were attributed to differences in the products and threshold energies of the dissociation reactions. Correlations could be found between the composition of radicals in a plasma and the etch selectivity in C 4 F 8 .
Use of Osmotic Pumps for Subcutaneous Infusion of Growth Hormone-Releasing Factors in Steers and Wethers (1988)

Osmotic pumps were evaluated for 7-d delivery of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). In Exp. 1, 12 steers weighing 253 kg received hGRF(1-29)NH2 in H2O at rates of 0, 3, 30 and 300 pmol.h-1.kg-1. Pumps were implanted s.c. on d 0 and removed at 1200 on d 7. Blood samples were drawn at 20-min intervals from 0800 to 1200 on d -1, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Growth hormone levels were not altered by GRF treatment (P greater than .05). Solubility and volume limitations render hGRF(1-29)NH2 delivery via osmotic pumps problematical. Flow rate and duration of release of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO):H2) (1:1) from osmotic pumps incubated in vivo and in vitro were found to be consistent with manufacturer's specifications. Two hGRF(1-29) analogues, Ro23-7863 and 4SG-29, were dissolved in DMSO:H2O. In Exp. 2, six 222-kg steers had pumps implanted and blood samples were taken as in Exp. 1. Three steers received each analogue at a rate of 300 pmol.h-1.kg-1. Analogues had similar GH-releasing ability and GH levels differed (P less than 0.001) among days, being approximately fourfold higher on d 3, 5 and 7 than on d -1, 1 and 9. Residual analogue solutions retained full bioactivity after 7-d implantation, and in vitro biopotencies of Ro23-7863 and 4SG-29 were similar (Exp. 3). In Exp. 4, 15 wethers (means = 31.3 kg) received osmotic pumps delivering 0, 3, 15, 75 and 300 pmol.h-1.kg-1 Ro23-7863 in DMSO:H2O for 7 d. Lambs were bled at 0800 and 1400 from d -1 to 8. The latter two doses increased (P less than .01) mean GH levels 2.7- and 4.3-fold over those in control animals during the treatment period. Results demonstrate that increased GH secretion can be elicited in steers and wethers for 1 wk by continuous s.c. infusion of GRF analogues utilizing osmotic pumps.
Use of secoiridoids fro the treatment of optic neuritis (2020)

The present invention relates to the use of the secoiridois oleacein and oleocanthal to prevent or treat neuropathies that conduct to optic nerve injury such as optic neuritis. Also, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical composition or nutraceutical composition comprising said secoiridois.
ChemInform Abstract: CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN LIQUID HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (1978)

Abstract In wasserfreier F lußsäure können katalytische Hydrierungen durchgeführt werden, die für zahlreiche Vertreter untersucht werden.
Comparison of Variable Camshaft Timing Strategies at Part Load (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, four Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) strategies are described: Intake Only, Exhaust Only, Dual Equal, and Dual Independent. The strategies utilize internal residual at part load for NOx reduction and fuel consumption improvement. The emphasis of the paper is a detailed comparison of part load data from steady-state engine dynamometer testing. Projections of EPA cycle fuel economy and emissions benefits relative to external EGR are also shown. Only limited data was acquired at idle and WOT.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Implications of the strategies on the engine control system are briefly addressed.&lt;/div&gt;
Scalable Support for Multi-homed Multi-provider Connectivity (1998)

This document describes addressing and routing strategies for multihomed enterprises attached to multiple Internet Service Providers (ISPs) that are intended to reduce the routing overhead due to these enterprises in the global Internet routing system.
Synthesis of Di- And Tri-Substituted Adenosine Derivatives and Their Affinities at Human Adenosine Receptor Subtypes (1999)

The synthesis of 2-(hex-1-ynyl)adenosine derivatives substituted at the N6- and/or 5'-position was carried out on the basis that 2-(hex-1-ynyl)adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide (HENECA, 2) showed good affinity and different degree of selectivity for rat adenosine receptors. All new compounds were tested in radioligand binding and adenylyl cyclase assays with recently cloned human A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors.
Packet separation in random access channels via approximate sparse recovery (2017)

In various wireless applications, a receiver picks up data packets from multiple users where the packets share a common preamble, but otherwise carry different payloads, are not in temporal sync and are frequency shifted due to Doppler effect and oscillator imperfections. We pose the problem of identifying the number of interfering packets and extracting the payloads as one of finding a sparse representation in a redundant dictionary. However, because of large size of the dictionary due to unknown packet payloads, direct application of conventional recovery methods does not lead to computationally tractable estimation schemes. To overcome this issue, we propose Orthogonal Matching Pursuit with Approximate Atoms (OMP-AA) algorithm aimed to facilitate identification of packet collisions and payload extraction. The simulation study shows that the proposed method performs well compared to an oracle estimator which has perfect knowledge of the packet parameters.
Grid metamaterials for ultrabroadband acoustic cloaking (2013)

A new type of acoustic metamaterials for ultrabroadband acoustic cloaking is proposed. Such metamaterials are constructed as grids consisting of nodes interconnected by sections of acoustic waveguides or links of other nature capable of transmitting longitudinal pressure waves. The nodes are thought of as cavities filled with an incompressible fluid. If the links are sufficiently short, such grids support plane pressure waves in the space of nodes, which approximates the physical space. The grids can be distorted under certain constraints so that the distortions do not affect the propagation in the space of nodes although the coordinates of nodes in the physical space are altered. This property of the proposed grids makes it possible to use them for constructing acoustic cloaks.
CMOS phase-locked loops for frequency synthesis (2010)

As wireless communication systems evolve toward higher frequencies, higher bandwidths, and multi-standard capabilities, the performance of their phase-locked loops (PLLs) becomes increasingly critical to overall system performance. Additionally, PLLs often must be integrated with large digital blocks, so there is strong and increasing economic pressure to implement them in highly-scaled CMOS technology. This short course provides a tutorial explanation of PLL design at both the system and circuit levels in the context of these issues. Topics include integer-N PLLs, fractional-N PLLs, transistor-level design of critical PLL circuit blocks, and practical application-specific PLL issues in a variety of wireless communication systems. The short course is intended for both entry-level and experienced analog, RF, and mixed-signal circuit designers.
Applications of Wide Field Fluorescence and Confocal Reflectance Microscopy to Bone and Cartilage Studies (1996)

Bisphosphonate Uptake by Living Cells Bisphosphonates are drugs which inhibit bone resorption and are being pursued as therapies for osteoporosis. The molecular mechanisms by which bisphosphonates exert their biological effects are still unclear. It is generally assumed that uptake of these highly polar molecules by cells is very limited. In order to determine whether bisphosphonates are internalized and therefore may act intracellularly, we have examined the extent of their cellular uptake using a fluorescent naphthalene-dicarboxaldehyde (NDA) derivative of alendronate (ALN). The distribution of NDA-ALN was examined in Ros 17/2.8 osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells and freshly isolated neonatal rat osteoclasts by fluorescence microscopy following 0.5-24 hours of treatment in vitro . Data were collected using a Nikon Diaphot 300 equipped with a 60x planapochromat objective and high N.A. DIC optics. Images captured using a Photometries PXL camera were processed using UIC Metamorph software. Uptake of the bisphosphonate into the cells was rapid and could be detected after 30 minutes of treatment in cells exposed to an external concentration of 10 –5 M NDA-ALN. Bisphosphonate appeared to accumulate over time within vacuolar, often perinuclear structures similar in appearance to secondary lysosomes (Figure 1). NDA-ALN was retained within cells after washing. These observations are consistent with the uptake of NDA-ALN proceeding via fluid-phase endocytosis. Uptake was greatly reduced when cells were incubated with the bisphosphonate at 20°C rather than 37°C. Freshly isolated osteoclasts also exhibited a noticeable amount of diffuse cytoplasmic staining (Figure 1), possibly indicating the presence of a second path of entry into the cell.