gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft incommensurate reconstruction on Pb/Si(111): Structure, stress modulation, and phase transition (1995)

We resolve the atomic structure of the one-monolayer incommensurate (IC) reconstruction of Pb on Si(111) using a tunneling microscope. The local structure of this surface consists of two types of Pb trimers and a quasi-1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 region, while on larger (&gt;10 \AA{}) scales the trimers are assembled into alternating domains discommensurate with the substrate. One feature of this surface is the sensitivity of the domain morphology to surface-stress inhomogeneities. This sensitivity dramatically alters the temperature at which the IC phase transforms locally to a 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 phase.
Synthesis and Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships of Side Chain-Modified Hyodeoxycholic Acid Derivatives (2013)

Bile acids have emerged as versatile signalling compounds of a complex network of nuclear and membrane receptors regulating various endocrine and paracrine functions. The elucidation of the interconnection between the biological pathways under the bile acid control and manifestations of hepatic and metabolic diseases have extended the scope of this class of steroids for in vivo investigations. In this framework, the design and synthesis of novel biliary derivatives able to modulate a specific receptor requires a deep understanding of both structure-activity and structure-property relationships of bile acids. In this paper, we report the preparation and the critical micellization concentration evaluation of a series of hyodeoxycholic acid derivatives characterized by a diverse side chain length and by the presence of a methyl group at the alpha position with respect to the terminal carboxylic acid moiety. The data collected are instrumental to extend on a quantitative basis, the knowledge of the current structure-property relationships of bile acids and will be fruitful, in combination with models of receptor activity, to design and prioritize the synthesis of novel pharmacokinetically suitable ligands useful in the validation of bile acid-responsive receptors as therapeutic targets.
A hybrid method for long term moving object tracker (2016)

Object trackers can be broadly classified into two types - feature based and color based. The feature based trackers are scale and illumination invariant whereas color trackers are better at handling occlusions and long term object detection. In this paper we propose a hybrid tracker that uses a feature based Circulant Structure tracker and a color based Mean Shift tracker running in parallel, that can handle scale and illumination changes as well as handle object occlusions and long term object detection in real time. The proposed method is benchmarked against the existing methods on a standard dataset. Further we discuss the application of the proposed method for mobile camera use case where the object selection and camera field of view pose major challenges in object tracking. We show that the proposed method outperforms state of the art short term trackers in sequences captured from mobile camera and is competent in terms of speed and precision on standard dataset. We also show that our failure and detection model for long term tracking perform better than existing TLD framework.
Least median of squares filtering of locally optimal point matches for compressible flow image registration (2012)

Compressible flow based image registration operates under the assumption that the mass of the imaged material is conserved from one image to the next. Depending on how the mass conservation assumption is modeled, the performance of existing compressible flow methods is limited by factors such as image quality, noise, large magnitude voxel displacements, and computational requirements. The Least Median of Squares Filtered Compressible Flow (LFC) method introduced here is based on a localized, nonlinear least squares, compressible flow model that describes the displacement of a single voxel that lends itself to a simple grid search (block matching) optimization strategy. Spatially inaccurate grid search point matches, corresponding to erroneous local minimizers of the nonlinear compressible flow model, are removed by a novel filtering approach based on least median of squares fitting and the forward search outlier detection method. The spatial accuracy of the method is measured using ten thoracic CT image sets and large samples of expert determined landmarks (available at www.dir-lab.com). The LFC method produces an average error within the intra-observer error on eight of the ten cases, indicating that the method is capable of achieving a high spatial accuracy for thoracic CT registration.
Sulfonamide Synthesis via Calcium Triflimide Activation of Sulfonyl Fluorides (2018)

A method using calcium triflimide [Ca(NTf<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] as a Lewis acid to activate sulfonyl fluorides toward nucleophilic addition with amines is described. The reaction converts a wide array of sterically and electronically diverse sulfonyl fluorides and amines into the corresponding sulfonamides in good yield.
Searching to eliminate personal information management (2006)

Search systems can alleviate the need to organize personal information by helping us find it no matter where we encountered it, what we remember about it, and even if we forget it exists.
High-Q mid-infrared thermal emitters operating with high power-utilization efficiency (2016)

We demonstrate a single-mode high-Q (Q>100) mid-infrared thermal emitter operating with high power-utilization efficiency. The emitter consists of a rod-type photonic crystal (PC) slab interacting with GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs), a GaAs substrate frame supporting the PC slab, and electric wires for Joule heating of the device. We carefully design the structure of the PC slab and the supporting frame/wires to minimize unwanted thermal losses and realize narrowband thermal emission having a peak intensity, under a given electrical input power, that is an order of magnitude higher than that of a reference blackbody emitter due to the efficient increase of the device temperature.
A dieletric resonator antenna withorthogonal cpw feed and t-match. (2005)

International audience
Facile Synthesis of Tilmicosin and Tylosin Related Haptens for Use as Protein Conjugates (2003)

Synthesis is described for the haptens 23-demycinosyl-23-deoxy-23-(3-aminoprop-1-yl)-aminotilmicosin (6) from 5-O-mycaminosyltylonolide (OMT) and for 23-demycinosyl-23-deoxy-23-(3-aminoprop-1-yl)-amino-20-dihydrotylosin (10) from demycinosyltylosin (DMT), respectively. The mild reaction conditions used to synthesize the second hapten, DMT derivative 10, were necessary to overcome instabilities and acid lability of DMT. The haptens synthesized here may be further used to produce protein conjugates useful in developing antibodies against the antibiotics tilmicosin and tylosin.
Cuatro psicologías aplicadas a la educación (1978)

?Que podemos aprender los seres humanos? ?Como sabremos transmitirlo a otros? ?Podemos ensenar a los demas a desarrollar sus capacidades con eficacia? ?Como aprenderemos a hacer mas, a hacerlo mejor y mas rapidamente? ?Como hacemos lo que hacemos y por que? ?Que somos capaces de realizar y que desconocemos todavia? 
Cuatro psicologias aplicadas la educacion trata de responder a estos interrogantes y provocar otros nuevos desde la perspectiva de la psicologia educacional. Es una seleccion de escritos tan importantes como los de Anna Freud, Carl Jung, Erik Erikson, A.S. Neill, Carl Rogers, Abrahm Maslow, Aldous Huxley, Arthur Koestler, etc, que aportarn una profundizacion en la conducta humana dentro del marco educativa y constituyen un elenco valioso y bien organizado de los estudios existentes sobre el aprendizaje. 
En su estructura, la obra presenta en bloques separados. Cuatro psicologias —freudiana y transpersonal en el primer volumen, behaviorista y humanistica en el segundo— en algunas de sus aplicaciones pedagogicas. Cada bloque esta ordenado de modo que permite la facil captacion de los conceptos fundamentales de la escuela psicologica correspondiente y viene precedido de una introduccion en la que Roberts ofrece una vision de conjunto de cada una de las psicologias. 
La gran cohesion interna de la obra, junto a la amplitud que le viene de las distintas cuestiones que suscita, las diferentes formas de pensar que ofrece y los diversos aspectos del ser humano que aborda, hacen de ella un libro imprescindible para los estudiantes y una gran ayuda para profesores, padres y educadores empenados en la comprension y perfeccionamiento de nuestros sistemas educativos actuales.
Abstract 811: Induction of stem-like cells with malignant properties by chronic exposure of immortalized normal human urothelial cell line to arsenic (2015)

Abstract Although there is extensive epidemiologic evidence of increased risk for the development of urothelial carcinoma (UC) associated with arsenic exposure, the mechanisms by which arsenic participates in tumorigenesis are not well understood. To gain mechanistic insights, we recently developed an in vitro arsenic model in an immortalized normal human bladder cell line (HUC1) and in this study we performed extended phenotypic and molecular characterization of the arsenic exposed in vitro model. To assess the impact of arsenic exposure at a time progressive manner, we performed MTT assay using the arsenic exposed and unexposed HUC1 cells. The growth of the HUC1 cells was increased in a time dependent manner after arsenic exposure. In soft agar assay, colonies were observed only in arsenic exposed cells. Similarly, invaded cells in invasion assay were observed only in arsenic exposed cells. To identify whether arsenic exposure induce self-renewal properties, we performed spheres forming assay and our data showed arsenic exposed cells formed more spheres under serum-free medium and non-adherence condition, and the number gradually increased with longer periods of exposure. The sphere forming ability was maintained through two subsequent serial passages, indicating of self-renewal ability. The spheroid cells showed differentiated morphology when cultured in serum containing medium. Finally, to identify epigenetic events associated with the later phenotypic alterations, we performed illumina methylation array and expression array and determined a panel of genes that are epigenetically altered that may be related to arsenic-induced tumorigenesis. Among 29 genes that exhibited reduction of promoter methylation and up-regulation of the expression, 6 genes (EDNRA, GJB2, KRT17, GDF15, S100P, and LCN2) were reported as the oncogenes. Furthermore 2 genes (GJB2 and KRT17) were maintained the alteration even in withdrawal of arsenic for 2.5 months. While, among 13 genes that exhibited induction of promoter methylation and down-regulation of the expression, one gene (TSPYL5) as a tumor suppressor gene was maintained the alteration in withdrawal of arsenic for 2.5 months. In conclusion, chronic arsenic exposure induces malignant phenotype with the acquisition of stem-like activity, and epigenetic alteration might be partial mechanism of tumorigenesis. Validation and detail molecular understanding of later genes are ongoing to determine the arsenic associated pathway alterations in the genesis of UC. Citation Format: Akira Oki, Shahnaz Begum, Mariana Brait, David Sidransky, Mohammad Obaidul Hoque. Induction of stem-like cells with malignant properties by chronic exposure of immortalized normal human urothelial cell line to arsenic. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 811. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-811
Binder Effects in SiO2‐ and Al2O3‐Bound Zeolite ZSM‐5‐Based Extrudates as Studied by Microspectroscopy (2015)

Microspectroscopic methods were explored to investigate binder effects occurring in ZSM-5-containing SiO<sub>2</sub>- and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-bound millimetre-sized extrudates. Using thiophene as a selective probe for Brønsted acidity, coupled with time-resolved in situ UV/Vis and confocal fluorescence microspectroscopy, variations in reactivity and selectivity between the two distinct binder types were established. It was found that aluminium migration occurs in ZSM-5-containing Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-bound extrudates, forming additional Brønsted acid sites. These sites strongly influence the oligomer selectivity, favouring the formation of thiol-like species (i.e., ring-opened species) in contrast to higher oligomers, predominantly formed on SiO<sub>2</sub>-bound ZSM-5-containing extrudates. Not only were the location and distribution of these oligomers visualised by 3 D analysis, it was also observed that more conjugated species appeared to grow off the surface of the zeolite ZSM-5 crystals (containing less conjugated species) into the surrounding binder material. Furthermore, a higher binder content resulted in an increasing overall reactivity owing to the greater number of stored thiophene monomers available per Brønsted acid site.
<title>Fiber-optic-based pH measurement in a geothermal brine</title> (1992)

The measurement of pH in industrial chemical process is well established. Since pH can affect reaction rates, system corrosion, and/or water quality, a number of on-line electrodes have been commercialized. However, these devices necessarily contain a porous membrane (usually glass) to allow the flow of hydrogen ions which provides the electrical potential for measurement. In a recent application to a geothermal brine solution, we were unable to eliminate electrode fouling, even with considerable sample conditioning. As an alternative, we designed and constructed an in-line pH instrument based on the spectroscopic absorption of acid-base indicator dyes. The instrument introduced bromocresol green into the stream via a static mixer and measured the ratio of the characteristic acidic and basic absorption bands using an in-line fiber optic cell. Details of the design and its application are presented.
First Effective Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (2007)

Bulk methyl methacrylate (MMA) controlled radical polymerization was carried out using two 2,2-diphenyl-3-phenylimino-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yloxyl nitroxide (DPAIO) based alkoxyamines. Whatever the alkoxyamine used, polymerization presents a controlled character, and high conversion can be reached. Polymerization up to 60% conversion, initiated with the nitro para-substituted alkoxyamine 2, showed a linear increase of number-average molecular weight (Mn) vs conversion even at the beginning of the polymerization with the final polydispersity index (PDI) close to 1.4. A reinitiation test onto n-butyl acrylate has shown that even if this nitroxide is not suited for acrylate monomers, the shift of the size exclusion chromatography (SEC)trace proved the poly(methyl methacrylate)−DPAIO macroinitiator (PMMA−DPAIO) obtained had a living character. These results showed that the range of monomers that could be polymerized by nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) can still be extended.
Blind Signal Analysis (2021)

Blind signal analysis (BSA) plays an essential role in wireless communication when the receiver does not know most or all of the received signal parameters. This chapter provides an in-depth understanding of BSA with laboratory implementation for different applications. The usage of BSA varies depending on the applications and its model. The chapter reviews spectrum sensing, parameter estimation and signal identification, radio environment map, equalization, modulation identification, and multi-carrier parameter estimation in the context of BSA. It presents preliminary information for machine learning (ML) and provides applications of the multidisciplinary domain (BSA and ML) including signal and interference identification, multi-RF impairments identification, channel modeling and estimation, and spectrum prediction with their future directions and challenges. Although the ML paradigm wants to fulfill BSA requirements, there are still some major problems in applying this paradigm practically. The chapter presents a list of these challenges.
Mid-infrared emission and absorption from GeSn/Ge coreshell nanowires with nanophotonic light extraction (2020)

We demonstrate room temperature mid-infrared photodetection using resonantly absorbing GeSn/Ge core/shell nanowire photonic crystals. For emission, we designed and characterized mid-infrared emission of resonantly scattering GeSn/Ge coreshell nanowires with 912% Sn.
Manifestation of Geometric and Electronic Shell Structures of Metal Clusters in Intercluster Reactions (2017)

Monolayer protected clusters exhibit rich diversity in geometric and electronic structures. However, structure-reactivity relationships in these clusters are rarely explored. In this context, [Ag<sub>44</sub>(SR)<sub>30</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, where -SR is an alkyl/aryl thiolate, is an interesting system due to its geometrically and electronically closed-shell structures and distinct charge states. We demonstrate that these structural features of [Ag<sub>44</sub>(SR)<sub>30</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> are distinctly manifested in its solution-state reaction with another cluster, [Au<sub>25</sub>(SR)<sub>18</sub>]<sup>-</sup>. Through this reaction, an alloy cluster anion, [Au<sub>12</sub>Ag<sub>32</sub>(SR)<sub>30</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, evolves spontaneously as revealed by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations indicate that [Au<sub>12</sub>Ag<sub>32</sub>(SR)<sub>30</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> is formed by the substitution of all of the Ag atoms in the innermost icosahedral shell of [Ag<sub>44</sub>(SR)<sub>30</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> and the abundance is attributed to its higher stability due to closed geometric as well as electronic shell structure, similar to the reactant clusters. We further demonstrate that the substitution of metal atoms in the middle dodecahedral shell and the outermost mount sites are also possible, however such substitutions produce Au<sub>x</sub>Ag<sub>44-x</sub>(SR)<sub>30</sub> alloy clusters with geometrically and electronically open shells. Depending on specific sites of substitution, an unexpected superatom-nonsuperatom transition occurs in the distribution of Au<sub>x</sub>Ag<sub>44-x</sub>(SR)<sub>30</sub> alloy clusters formed in this reaction. Our results present a unique example of a structure-reactivity relationship in the metal atom substitution chemistry of monolayer protected clusters, wherein a systematic trend, reflecting the geometric and the electronic shell structures of the reactant as well as the product clusters, was observed.
Interference-Resilient Block-Spreading CDMA With Minimum-MAI Sequence Design (2007)

Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) schemes based on block spreading implement the spreading of entire data blocks rather than single symbols, thus achieving a higher robustness against the frequency selectivity of the channel and allowing the use of efficient modulation/equalization schemes operating in the frequency domain (FD). In this paper, we present a new block CDMA (B-CDMA) system where a single cyclic prefix (CP) is used at the end of each spread block. This provides a higher spectral efficiency with respect to existing schemes. By observing that complete orthogonality among users is achievable only for half-loaded systems on dispersive channels, we introduce new criteria for the design of spreading and despreading sequences, which aim at minimizing the mean-square error at the output of the despreader. For the equalization of the received signal, we propose an iterative block decision feedback equalizer, which iterates between equalization and decoding. Equalization filters are designed to minimize the mean-square error and take into account the residual interference due to the nonorthogonality of the spreading sequences. The performance of B-CDMA is evaluated in an uplink wireless scenario and compared to existing CDMA schemes.
Perlecan domain V is upregulated in human brain arteriovenous malformation and could mediate the vascular endothelial growth factor effect in lesional tissue (2012)

Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), a rare but important cause of intracranial hemorrhage, has increased angiogenesis and inflammation as key components of the nidus of abnormal vessels and stroma that form the resected surgical specimen. Accordingly, both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β have been implicated in the pathology of BAVM for their proangiogenic and vascular-regulating roles. The C-terminal fragment of the extracellular matrix component perlecan (domain V, DV) has been shown to be increased and through the α5β1 integrin, to increase VEGF levels in and around areas of cerebral ischemic injury, another proangiogenic condition. We aimed to determine whether the concentrations of DV, DV's proangiogenic receptor α5β1 integrin, or DV's antiangiogenic receptor α2β1 integrin are elevated in human BAVM tissue. DV levels were increased in BAVM compared with control brain tissue from epileptic resection, as was α5β1 integrin. In addition, α5β1 integrin was preferentially increased and localized to endothelial cells compared with α2β1 integrin. VEGF and transforming growth factor-β levels were also increased in BAVM compared with control tissue. Furthermore, increases in all components were strongly correlated. Excessive generation of proangiogenic DV in BAVM suggests that DV may participate in its pathology and may represent a future therapeutic target.
Continuous Devulcanization by Shear Flow Stage Reaction Control Technology for Rubber Recycling, Part 9. (2000)

Continuous devulcanization technology by the shear flow stage reactor for sulfur cured rubber has been developed. As an application of this technology, chemical modification with maleic anhydride (MAH) of sulfur cured EPDM and IIR has been performed in the devulcanizing process. MAH was able to be grafted onto both kinds of rubber. The degree of grafting of MAH was 0.05 to 0.06wt% for EPDM, 0.06 to 0.09wt% for IIR, respectively. These values correspond to 1/2 to 1/10 for some commercial acidic modified EPR or EPDM. As sol fraction and the degree of swelling, the MAH grafted devulcanized rubber (EPDM-g-MAH, IIR-g-MAH) was comparable to those of the unmodified rubber. The resulting EPDM-g-MAH has been used to binary nylon-6/EPDM-g-MAH blend by melt mixing. The EPDM-g-MAH dispersed micrometer order in the blend.