gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Bifunctional irrigation liquid as an ideal energy converter for laser lithotripsy with nanosecond laser pulses</title> (1991)

The intracorporal lithotripsy of ureter stones using laser pulses with a duration of 8 to 20 ns is carried out by means of energy converters. These devices have the purpose to transform the optical energy of the laserlight into mechanical energy of shockwaves, which cause the intended stone fragmentation. Therefore this method is independent of any optical property of the stone. For the endoscopic lithotripsy a continuous flow of irrigation liquid must be supplied to ensure a clear field of view and to transport the small stone fragments out of the body. In the case of the method developed by us, a second function is appointed to this liquid: the energy conversion. In transparent liquids, conversion of the optical energy is done by the laser-induced breakdown (LIB), which produces mechanical shockwaves. To release such a LIB, the laserpulse intensity must exceed a certain threshold. To achieve a LIB in the liquid at the fiber exit there are two possibilities. First, the fiber exit is spherically shaped, which leads to a kind of focus between fiber and stone. Second, the threshold intensity of the liquid is lowered. This is performed by addition of minimal amounts of Fe+++-ions. To obtain a stable and physiologically applicable irrigation solution the Fe+++-ions were added to isotonic saline solution in form of a dextran complex.
High optical coupling efficiency using 45°-ended fibre for low-height and low-cost optical interconnect modules (2008)

High optical coupling efficiency of more than 80% between an optical fibre and a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) has been achieved without use of a lens. A 45°-ended fine-drawn optical fibre can be positioned closer to a VCSEL than a conventional multimode fibre. 12.5 Gbit/s/ch optical signal transmissions using a low-height optical coupling structure have been demonstrated with optical output power as high as +2.0 dBm without use of a lens.
A Hands-on Comparison of DNNs for Dialog Separation Using Transfer\n Learning from Music Source Separation (2021)

This paper describes a hands-on comparison on using state-of-the-art music\nsource separation deep neural networks (DNNs) before and after task-specific\nfine-tuning for separating speech content from non-speech content in broadcast\naudio (i.e., dialog separation). The music separation models are selected as\nthey share the number of channels (2) and sampling rate (44.1 kHz or higher)\nwith the considered broadcast content, and vocals separation in music is\nconsidered as a parallel for dialog separation in the target application\ndomain. These similarities are assumed to enable transfer learning between the\ntasks. Three models pre-trained on music (Open-Unmix, Spleeter, and\nConv-TasNet) are considered in the experiments, and fine-tuned with real\nbroadcast data. The performance of the models is evaluated before and after\nfine-tuning with computational evaluation metrics (SI-SIRi, SI-SDRi, 2f-model),\nas well as with a listening test simulating an application where the non-speech\nsignal is partially attenuated, e.g., for better speech intelligibility. The\nevaluations include two reference systems specifically developed for dialog\nseparation. The results indicate that pre-trained music source separation\nmodels can be used for dialog separation to some degree, and that they benefit\nfrom the fine-tuning, reaching a performance close to task-specific solutions.\n
Revealing the Effects of Electrode Crystallographic Orientation on Battery Electrochemistry via the Anisotropic Lithiation and Sodiation of ReS2 (2018)

The crystallographic orientation of battery electrode materials can significantly impact electrochemical performance, such as rate capability and cycling stability. Among the layered transition metal dichalcogenides, rhenium disulfide (ReS<sub>2</sub>) has the largest anisotropic ratio between the two main axes in addition to exceptionally weak interlayer coupling, which serves as an ideal system to observe and analyze anisotropy of electrochemical phenomena. Here, we report anisotropic lithiation and sodiation of exfoliated ReS<sub>2</sub> at atomic resolution using in situ transmission electron microscopy. These results reveal the role of crystallographic orientation and anisotropy on battery electrode electrochemistry. Complemented with density functional theory calculations, the lithiation of ReS<sub>2</sub> is found to begin with intercalation of Li-ions, followed by a conversion reaction that results in Re nanoparticles and Li<sub>2</sub>S nanocrystals. The reaction speed is highly anisotropic, occurring faster along the in-plane ReS<sub>2</sub> layer than along the out-of-plane direction. Sodiation of ReS<sub>2</sub> is found to proceed similarly to lithiation, although the intercalation step is relatively quicker. Furthermore, the microstructure and morphology of the reaction products after lithiation/sodiation show clear anisotropy along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions. These results suggest that crystallographic orientation in highly anisotropic electrode materials can be exploited as a design parameter to improve battery electrochemical performance.
Data from Plk1 Inhibitors and Abiraterone Synergistically Disrupt Mitosis and Kill Cancer Cells of Disparate Origin Independently of Androgen Receptor Signaling (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Abiraterone is a standard treatment for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) that slows disease progression by abrogating androgen synthesis and antagonizing the androgen receptor (AR). Here we report that inhibitors of the mitotic regulator polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1), including the clinically active third-generation Plk1 inhibitor onvansertib, synergizes with abiraterone &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; to kill a subset of cancer cells from a wide variety of tumor types in an androgen-independent manner. Gene-expression analysis identified an AR-independent synergy-specific gene set signature upregulated upon abiraterone treatment that is dominated by pathways related to mitosis and the mitotic spindle. Abiraterone treatment alone caused defects in mitotic spindle orientation, failure of complete chromosome condensation, and improper cell division independently of its effects on AR signaling. These effects, although mild following abiraterone monotherapy, resulted in profound sensitization to the antimitotic effects of Plk1 inhibition, leading to spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic cancer cell death and entosis. In a murine patient-derived xenograft model of abiraterone-resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), combined onvansertib and abiraterone resulted in enhanced mitotic arrest and dramatic inhibition of tumor cell growth compared with either agent alone. Overall, this work establishes a mechanistic basis for the phase II clinical trial (NCT03414034) testing combined onvansertib and abiraterone in mCRPC patients and indicates this combination may have broad utility for cancer treatment.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Abiraterone treatment induces mitotic defects that sensitize cancer cells to Plk1 inhibition, revealing an AR-independent mechanism for this synergistic combination that is applicable to a variety of cancer types.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Isoflurane and vecuronium requirement in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy undergoing elective surgery (2013)

Govindarajan, S. R.; Punj, J.; Chandralekha, C.; Darlong, V.; Pandey, R. K.; Deepak, K. K. Author Information
Relaxation of Two-Spin Coherence Due to Cross-Correlated Fluctuations of Dipole−Dipole Couplings and Anisotropic Shifts in NMR of 15N,13C-Labeled Biomolecules (1999)

A comprehensive description is presented of the effects on two-spin coherences (i.e., superpositions of zero- and double-quantum coherences) of cross-correlation between the fluctuations of two different relaxation mechanisms in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Dipole−dipole (DD) interactions between four nuclei and chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of two of these nuclei are considered. Two complementary experiments have been designed for 15N,13C-labeled proteins to quantify the effects of cross-correlation between the 13Cα−1Hα and 15N−1HN dipolar interactions on two-spin coherences involving 13Cα of the ith residue with the 15N of the (i+1)th amino acid. Two other experiments allow one to quantify the effect of cross-correlation between the 13C‘ (carbonyl) CSA and the 13Cα−1Hα dipolar coupling on the relaxation of two-spin coherences involving the 13C‘ and 13Cα nuclei on the same residue of the protein. These experiments have been used to extract relevant cross-correlation rates in 15N,13C-labeled human ubiquitin. These rates show a high degree of correlation with the backbone Ψ angles in proteins.
Anisotropic electron-beam damage and the collapse of carbon nanotubes (1996)

Irradiation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with the 800-keV electron beam of a transmission electron microscope induces anisotropic collapse of the nanotube. Tight-binding molecular-dynamics simulations of tube response following momentum transfer from large-angle electron-nuclear collisions reveal a strongly anisotropic threshold for atomic displacement. The theoretical displacement threshold for an impulse perpendicular to the local tangent plane of a single-walled tube is roughly half the damage threshold for impulses within the tangent plane. The electron beam preferentially damages the front and back of the nanotube, producing the observed anisotropic collapse perpendicular to the direction of the beam. The attraction of opposite faces of the inner wall then accelerates the collapse. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
AI Explainability 360: Impact and Design (2021)

As artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms become increasingly prevalent in society, multiple stakeholders are calling for these algorithms to provide explanations. At the same time, these stakeholders, whether they be affected citizens, government regulators, domain experts, or system developers, have different explanation needs. To address these needs, in 2019, we created AI Explainability 360 (Arya et al. 2020), an open source software toolkit featuring ten diverse and state-of-the-art explainability methods and two evaluation metrics. This paper examines the impact of the toolkit with several case studies, statistics, and community feedback. The different ways in which users have experienced AI Explainability 360 have resulted in multiple types of impact and improvements in multiple metrics, highlighted by the adoption of the toolkit by the independent LF AI &amp; Data Foundation. The paper also describes the flexible design of the toolkit, examples of its use, and the significant educational material and documentation available to its users.
Foreword: Special section on soft electronics (2015)

Welcome to this first Special Topics section on Soft Electronics. Beginning with this issue, the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS, PACKAGING AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY has initiated a Special Topics section, which will contain between four to eight high-quality papers that comprehensively describe the state of the art and potential future directions for the topics of great interest to our readers. These topics are selected by the EIC in consultation with the other EICs, AEs, and domain experts. Solicitation and peer review of the papers within the Special Topic are directed by a Guest or Associate Editor (GE/AE), who is a leading expert in the area. In the cases where the GE/AE is also an author, the EIC is responsible for the peer review to avoid any real or perceived conflicts of interest.
The Use of Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanones as Versatile Synthons in Organic Chemistry (1977)

Methods for the formation of substituted bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-ones and bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-ones which are applicable to the large scale production of these compounds as starting materials in synthetic processes are summarised. The means of elaboration of these bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanones and the controlling factors are discussed. Examples of the wide variety of alicyclic molecules available from these bicyclic systems are also described. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanones 2.1. Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-ones 2.2. Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-ones 3. Reactions of Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanones 3.1. Formation of Cycloheptane Derivatives 3.2. Formation of Cyclopentane Derivatives 3.3. Formation of Cyclobutane Derivatives 3.4. Formation of Other Bicyclic Ring Systems
Efficient synthesis and comparative studies of the arginine and N?,N?-dimethylarginine forms of the human nucleolin glycine/arginine rich domain (2004)

The Gly- and Arg-rich C-terminal region of human nucleolin is a 61-residue long domain involved in a number of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. This domain contains 10 aDma residues in the form of aDma-GG repeats interspersed with Phe residues. The exact role of Arg dimethylation is not known, partly because of the lack of efficient synthetic methods. This work describes an effective synthetic strategy, generally applicable to long RGG peptides, based on side-chain protected aDma and backbone protected dipeptide Fmoc-Gly-(Dmob)Gly-OH. This strategy allowed us to synthesize both the unmodified (N61Arg) and the dimethylated (N61aDma) peptides with high yield ( approximately 26%) and purity. As detected by NMR spectroscopy, N61Arg does not possess any stable secondary or tertiary structure in solution and N(omega),N(omega)-dimethylation of the guanidino group does not alter the overall conformational propensity of this peptide. While both peptides bind single-stranded nucleic acids with similar affinities (K(d) = 1.5 x 10(-7) M), they exhibit a different behaviour in ssDNA affinity chromatography consistent with the difference in pK(a) values. It has been previously shown that N61Arg inhibits HIV infection at the stage of HIV attachment to cells. This study demonstrates that Arg-dimethylated C-terminal domain lacks any inhibition activity, raising the question of whether nucleolin expressed on the cell-surface is indeed dimethylated.
Übergang Sekundarstufe II - Hochschule: Juniorstudium an der Universität des Saarlandes (2011)

So, wie einzelne Regionen und Nationen durch führendes Know-how und Spitzenleistungen die wirtschaftlichen und wissenschaftlichen Entwicklungen nach vorn bringen, so bedarf es auch stets der besonders Motivierten, der Wissenshungrigen, der Leistungswilligen, die in ihrem Umfeld den Fortschritt ermöglichen und garantieren. Die Universität des Saarlandes fördert junge Menschen auf ihrem Weg zur bestmöglichen Bildung [...] Vier Faktoren beschreiben das Saarbrücker Förderkonzept: die Zielsetzungen, die daraus folgenden Maßnahmen, die jeweiligen Zielgruppen und die unverzichtbaren Träger und Sponsoren. (DIPF/Orig.)
Experimental Study Of Chatter Free Sliding Mode Control For Lateral Control Of Commuter Buses In AHS (1996)

This report presents design and experimental evaluation of lateral controllers for commuter buses based on Sliding Mode Control (SMC). The objective of the control is to track the lane centerline. SMC, a robust control technique, is selected as a nonlinear control strategy to take care of variation in longitudinal velocity. Two SMC based controllers are designed and are shown to differ only in the position of an integrator which gets naturally introduced into the closed loop. One of the methods is chosen for experimental verification because it guarantees asymptotic tracking with no chatter in the control input to the steering actuator of the vehicle.
Polygraphic Recording Procedure for Measuring Sleep in Mice (2016)

Recording of the epidural electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) in small animals, like mice and rats, has been pivotal to study the homeodynamics and circuitry of sleep-wake regulation. In many laboratories, a cable-based sleep recording system is used to monitor the EEG and EMG in freely behaving mice in combination with computer software for automatic scoring of the vigilance states on the basis of power spectrum analysis of EEG data. A description of this system is detailed herein. Steel screws are implanted over the frontal cortical area and the parietal area of 1 hemisphere for monitoring EEG signals. In addition, EMG activity is monitored by the bilateral placement of wires in both neck muscles. Non-rapid eye movement (Non-REM; NREM) sleep is characterized by large, slow brain waves with delta activity below 4 Hz in the EEG, whereas a shift from low-frequency delta activity to a rapid low-voltage EEG in the theta range between 6 and 10 Hz can be observed at the transition from NREM to REM sleep. By contrast, wakefulness is identified by low- to moderate-voltage brain waves in the EEG trace and significant EMG activity.
A humidity sensor based on V-band slotted waveguide antenna array (2017)

The paper presents the design of a new type of humidity sensor-tag operating in V-band. The proposed design combines the humidity sensitive properties of Kapton and a slotted waveguide antenna array. Design methodology is high-lighted. Simulation and experimental results are reported which validate the design procedure and show promising perspectives.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Cytochrome <i>P</i>450 Epoxygenase Promotes Human Cancer Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Cytochrome &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;450 Epoxygenase Promotes Human Cancer Metastasis
Long-term behavior of the AVR-core (1975)

Considered is the numerical treatment of the reactorphysical long-term behaviour of the AVR-reactor, which is operated since 1967. At present time the AVR is run at an average hot-gas temperature of 950$sup 0$C, while originally laid out for 850$sup 0$C. The pebble-bed core consists of 7 different spherical fuel-element types. This mode of operation requires in connection with the rather poor shutdown system and with regard to the statistical fuelling as well as the lack of in-core instrumentation extensive reactor-following calculations. (orig.)
Preliminary examination of mitragynine and  7-hydroxymitragynine synthesis in response to production environment and postharvest techniques of Mitragyna speciosa (2020)

ISHS II International Symposium on Beverage Crops Preliminary examination of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine synthesis in response to production environment and postharvest techniques of Mitragyna speciosa
Erratum: “Study of the SET switching event of VCM-based memories on a picosecond timescale” [J. Appl. Phys. 127, 204501 (2020)] (2021)

First Page
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoline Dicarboxylic Esters as Biocompatible Fluorescent Tags. (2013)

Abstract Treatment of anilines with the keto ester (II) allows an improved access to quinoline dicarboxylic esters.
Aromas From Quebec. II. Composition of the Essential Oil of the Rhizomes and Roots ofAsarum canadenseL. (2010)

Abstract The fresh rhizomes and roots of Asarum canadense were steam-distilled to yield oils in 1.30% to 1.96%, respectively. The oils were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. In the case of the rhizome oil, the total amount of phenyl ethers including methyl eugenol, elemicins, and asaricin was about 58%. In the root oil, (E)-isoelemicin was the major product (20%) accompanied by elemicin (4.9%). From retention indices on both non-polar and polar columns and MS considerations, it may be inferred that methoxy-elemicin and both (E)- and (Z)-methoxy-isoelemicin as well as the new hydroxyl derivatives: hydroxyl-elemicin and (E)- and (Z)-hydroxy-isoelemicins were characterized in the oils.
Regulation of eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex by the Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerase FKBP7 in Taxane-resistant Prostate Cancer (2018)

Targeting FKBP7 or the eIF4G-containing eIF4F translation initiation complex could be novel therapeutic strategies to eradicate taxane-resistant prostate cancer cells.
Rewired (2022)

Social media and the always-connected digital life really are undermining our relationships. Carl Marci shows that our phone and Facebook habits aren’t just distractions; they’re altering our brains, harming our ability to communicate intimately. Fortunately, there are ways out. More than a critic, Marci offers solutions for tech-life balance.
to appear proceedings SPIE Electronic Imaging 2000, Three-Dimensional Image Capture and Applications III (2000)

Modeling of three-dimensional (3D) objects from image sequences is a challenging problem and has been a research topic for many years. Important theoretical and algorithmic results were achieved that allow to extract even complex 3D models of scenes from sequences of images. One recent effort has been to reduce the amount of calibration and to avoid restrictions on the camera motion. In this contribution an approach is described which achieves this goal by combining state-of-the-art algorithms for uncalibrated projective reconstruction, self-calibration and dense correspondence matching.
Angular vibrations of cryogenically cooled double-crystal monochromators (2016)

The effect of angular vibrations of the crystals in cryogenically cooled monochromators on the beam performance has been studied theoretically and experimentally. A simple relation between amplitude of the vibrations and size of the focused beam is developed. It is shown that the double-crystal monochromator vibrations affect not only the image size but also the image position along the optical axis. Several methods to measure vibrations with the X-ray beam are explained and analyzed. The methods have been applied to systematically study angular crystal vibrations at monochromators installed at the PETRA III light source. Characteristic values of the amplitudes of angular vibrations for different monochromators are presented.
Alterations of tumor microenvironment by nitric oxide impedes castration-resistant prostate cancer growth (2018)

Immune targeted therapy of nitric oxide (NO) synthases are being considered as a potential frontline therapeutic to treat patients diagnosed with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer. However, the role of NO in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is controversial because NO can increase in nitrosative stress while simultaneously possessing antiinflammatory properties. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that increased NO will lead to tumor suppression of CRPC through tumor microenvironment. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor, decreased the tumor burden in murine model of CRPC by targeting tumors in a cell nonautonomous manner. GSNO inhibited both the abundance of antiinflammatory (M2) macrophages and expression of pERK, indicating that tumor-associated macrophages activity is influenced by NO. Additionally, GSNO decreased IL-34, indicating suppression of tumor-associated macrophage differentiation. Cytokine profiling of CRPC tumor grafts exposed to GSNO revealed a significant decrease in expression of G-CSF and M-CSF compared with grafts not exposed to GSNO. We verified the durability of NO on CRPC tumor suppression by using secondary xenograft murine models. This study validates the significance of NO on inhibition of CRPC tumors through tumor microenvironment (TME). These findings may facilitate the development of previously unidentified NO-based therapy for CRPC.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reaction on 3‐Vinylemeraldins: Formation of Unexpected Porphyrins with Seven‐Membered Exocyclic Ring Systems. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.