gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Properties of Pure and Nickel-Modified Nanocrystalline Tungsten Trioxide (2012)

The particle size and nickel-doping effect on pure nanocrystalline WO3 powders are addressed through X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A brief review of different structure types of tungsten oxides is also given. Stable and metastable crystallographic structures, resulting from oxygen deficiency, metal doping, or low-temperature synthesis, are discussed. The focus is put on the topology of the structures and notably on the structural features allowing ion intercalation. Small particle size WO3 powders were synthesized by two different wet chemical methods to determine the impact of particle size on the crystal symmetry: in the first method, a freeze-drying technique was utilized, whereas the second technique was based on a reverse micelle method. Both methods yielded similar powders with an average size of approximately 10 nm. However, the first method yielded single-phase rhenium oxide structured particles, whereas the latter method produced a mixture of hexagonal tungsten bronze and rhenium oxide structures. In the case of single-phase rhenium oxide structure powders, the crystal symmetry was found to increase from monoclinic P21/n to orthorhombic Pbcn when particle size decreased below 20 nm. The effect of nickel doping (≈1 wt %) and synthesis conditions on WO3 powders were studied. Ni-doped WO3 was spatially inhomogeneous: the most abundant phase was monoclinic WO3, whereas the minority phase was either perovskite tungsten bronze (annealing temperature below 500 °C) or wolframite (annealing temperature 500 °C or higher) showing that annealing conditions are a way to selectively produce different crystal structures. The wolframite and tungsten bronze structures are very different with different applications. The results are discussed in the context of thin film synthesis and sensor applications.
Transmit Beamforming for MISO Broadcast Channels with Statistical and Delayed CSIT (2015)

This paper focuses on linear beamforming design and power allocation strategy for ergodic rate optimization in a two-user Multiple-Input-Single-Output (MISO) system with statistical and delayed channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). We propose a transmission strategy, denoted as Statistical Alternative MAT (SAMAT), which exploits both channel statistics and delayed CSIT. Firstly, with statistical CSIT only, we focus on statistical beamforming (SBF) design that maximizes a lower bound on the ergodic sum-rate. Secondly, relying on both statistical and delayed CSIT, an iterative algorithm is proposed to compute the precoding vectors of Alternative MAT (AMAT), originally proposed by Yang et al., which maximizes an approximation of the ergodic sum-rate with equal power allocation. Finally, via proper power allocation, the SAMAT framework is proposed to softly bridge between SBF and AMAT for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A necessary condition for the power allocation optimization is identified from the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. The optimum power allocation to maximize an ergodic sum-rate approximation is computed using Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP). Simulation results show that the proposed SAMAT scheme yields a significant sum-rate enhancement over both SBF and AMAT.
Proteomic Analysis of the Allograft Response (2006)

Protein profiling of serum as a means to characterize the allografts response of a given host deserves further testing in clinical studies.
Development and evaluation of 193nm immersion generation-three fluid candidates (2008)

The need to extend 193nm immersion lithography necessitates the development of a third generation (Gen-3) of high refractive index (RI) fluids that will enable approximately 1.7 numerical aperture (NA) imaging. A multi-pronged approach was taken to develop these materials. One approach investigated the highest-index organic thus far discovered. The second approach used a very high refractive index nanoparticle to make a nanocomposite fluid. This report will describe the chemistry of the best Gen-3 fluid candidates and the systematic approach to their identification and synthesis. Images obtained with the Gen-3 fluid candidates will also be presented for a NA &ge; 1.7.
User Scheduling and Power Allocation for Precoded Multi-Beam High Throughput Satellite Systems with Individual Quality of Service Constraints (2021)

For extensive coverage areas, multi-beam high throughput satellite (MB-HTS) communication is a promising technology that plays a crucial role in delivering broadband services to many users with diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. This paper focuses on MB-HTS systems where all beams reuse the same spectrum. In particular, we propose a novel user scheduling and power allocation design capable of providing guarantees in terms of the individual QoS requirements while maximizing the system throughput under a limited power budget. Precoding is employed in the forward link to mitigate mutual interference at the users in multiple-access scenarios over different coherence time intervals. The combinatorial optimization structure from user scheduling requires an extremely high cost to obtain the global optimum even when a reduced number of users fit into a time slot. Therefore, we propose a heuristic algorithm yielding good trade-off between performance and computational complexity, applicable to a static operation framework of geostationary (GEO) satellite networks. Although the power allocation optimization is signomial programming, non-convex on a standard form, the solution can be lower bounded by the global optimum of a geometric program with a hidden convex structure. A local solution to the joint user scheduling and power allocation problem is consequently obtained by a successive optimization approach. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms on large-scale systems by providing better QoS satisfaction combined with outstanding overall system throughput.
Raven Surgical Robot Training in Preparation for da Vinci (2014)

The rapid adoption of robotic assisted surgery challenges the pace at which adequate robotic training can occur due to access limitations to the da Vinci robot. Thirty medical students completed a randomized controlled trial evaluating whether the Raven robot could be used as an alternative training tool for the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) block transfer task on the da Vinci robot. Two groups, one trained on the da Vinci and one trained on the Raven, were tested on a criterion FLS block transfer task on the da Vinci. After robotic FLS block transfer proficiency training there was no statistically significant difference between path length (p=0.39) and economy of motion scores (p=0.06) between the two groups, but those trained on the da Vinci did have faster task times (p=0.01). These results provide evidence for the value of using the Raven robot for training prior to using the da Vinci surgical system for similar tasks.
Titrationen mit Chrom(II)‐Salzlösungen. II. Die chromometrische Bestimmung von Wolfram und Uran (1944)

Abstract 1. Es wird gezeigt, dass man durch Vermischen von Wolframatlösungen mit starker Salzsäure hinreichend stabile Wolframsäurelösungen erhalten kann.
Fugitive dust control experiments using directed airflow in dumping operations (1992)

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the degree of dust control for using directed airflow in a funnel during dumping operations. Retrieved buried transuranic waste or overburden soils are expected to require focusing the retrieved material into a transporter box with a funnel and control of transuranic-contaminated dust at the funnel is mandatory. In these experiments, the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory soil was dumped into a full-scale funnel (capable of focusing waste into a 4 {times} 4 {times} 8 ft box) that was specially equipped with a directed airflow into the funnel. The degree of dust control was determined by comparing collected dust on filters in high volume samplers (strategically located) for a baseline case with no airflow to cases with airflow. Tests involving airflow into the funnel spanned a range of airflows at the opening between 15--100 linear feet per minute. The basic result is that the directed airflow concept is adequate to control dust spread during dumping.
scDual-Seq: mapping the gene regulatory program of Salmonella infection by host and pathogen single-cell RNA-sequencing (2017)

The interaction between a pathogen and a host is a highly dynamic process in which both agents activate complex programs. Here, we introduce a single-cell RNA-sequencing method, scDual-Seq, that simultaneously captures both host and pathogen transcriptomes. We use it to study the process of infection of individual mouse macrophages with the intracellular pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Among the infected macrophages, we find three subpopulations and we show evidence for a linear progression through these subpopulations, supporting a model in which these three states correspond to consecutive stages of infection.
Diastereoselektivität bei der Boranatreduktion von α‐Triazolylketonen (1988)

Abstract Der Einfluß von TiCl 4 auf das Diastereomerenverhältnis bei der Boranatreduktin von α‐Triazolylketonen 1 wird untersucht. Während ohne TiCl 4 überwiegend das Diastereomere 3 mit syn ‐Anordnung von Triazol‐ und Hydroxyl‐Gruppe gebildet wird, dirigiert TiCl 4 die Reduktion mit hoher Selektivität zum Diastereomeren 2 mit anti ‐Anordnung von Triazol‐ und Hydroxyl‐Gruppe.
Per-bit equalization approach for multi-level signal in high-speed design (2017)

A new feed forward equalization (FFE) method for four-level pulse-amplitude modulation signal (PAM4) is introduced. The new FFE method equalizes the signal by bit instead of by symbol which provide the better high frequency compensation in some situations. The advantages and limitations of per bit FFE is discussed and compared against per symbol FFE. Several test cases are presented to show the advantages and limitations of the new FFE method.
Interleukin-6 Secretion by Astrocytes Is Dynamically Regulated by PI3K-mTOR-Calcium Signaling (2014)

After contusion spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocytes become reactive and form a glial scar. While this reduces spreading of the damage by containing the area of injury, it inhibits regeneration. One strategy to improve the recovery after SCI is therefore to reduce the inhibitory effect of the scar, once the acute phase of the injury has passed. The pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is secreted immediately after injury and regulates scar formation; however, little is known about the role of IL-6 in the sub-acute phases of SCI. Interestingly, IL-6 also promotes axon regeneration, and therefore its induction in reactive astrocytes may improve regeneration after SCI. We found that IL-6 is expressed by astrocytes and neurons one week post-injury and then declines. Using primary cultures of rat astrocytes we delineated the molecular mechanisms that regulate IL-6 expression and secretion. IL-6 expression requires activation of p38 and depends on NF-κB transcriptional activity. Activation of these pathways in astrocytes occurs when the PI3K-mTOR-AKT pathway is inhibited. Furthermore, we found that an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration was necessary for IL-6 secretion. To induce IL-6 secretion in astrocytes, we used torin2 and rapamycin to block the PI3K-mTOR pathway and increase cytosolic calcium, respectively. Treating injured animals with torin2 and rapamycin for two weeks, starting two weeks after injury when the scar has been formed, lead to a modest effect on mechanical hypersensitivity, limited to the period of treatment. These data, taken together, suggest that treatment with torin2 and rapamycin induces IL-6 secretion by astrocytes and may contribute to the reduction of mechanical hypersensitivity after SCI.
FinLex: An effective use of word embeddings for financial lexicon generation (2021)

We present a simple and effective methodology for the generation of lexicons (word lists) that may be used in natural language scoring applications. In particular, in the finance industry, word lists have become ubiquitous for sentiment scoring. These have been derived from dictionaries such as the Harvard Inquirer and require manual curation. Here, we present an automated approach to the curation of lexicons, which makes automatic preparation of any word list immediate. We show that our automated word lists deliver comparable performance to traditional lexicons on machine learning classification tasks. This new approach will enable finance academics and practitioners to create and deploy new word lists in addition to the few traditional ones in a facile manner.
Gulfstream: Incremental Static Analysis for Streaming JavaScript Applications (2010)

The advent of Web 2.0 has led to the proliferation of client-side code that is typically written in JavaScript. Recently, there has been an upsurge of interest in static analysis of client-side JavaScript. However, most approaches in static analysis literature assume that the entire program is available to analysis. This, however, is in direct contradiction with the nature of Web 2.0 programs that are essentially being streamed at the user’s browser. Users can see data being streamed to pages in the form of page updates, but the same thing can be done with code, essentially delaying the downloading of code until it is needed. In essence, the entire program is never completely available, by interacting with the application, more and more code is sent over to the browser. This paper explores incremental static analysis as a way to analyze streaming JavaScript programs. In particular, we advocate the use of combined offline-online static analysis as a way to accomplish fast, online incremental analysis at the expense of a more thorough and costly offline analysis on the static code. We find that in normal use, where updates to the code are small, we can incrementally update static analysis results quickly enough to be acceptable for everyday use. We demonstrate this hybrid approach to be advantageous in a wide variety of settings, especially in mobile devices. 1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-?: therapeutic target for diseases beyond diabetes: quo vadis? (2004)

The discovery that the insulin-sensitising thiazolidinediones (TZDs), specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists, have antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects has led to the evaluation of their potential use in the treatment of diabetic complications and inflammatory, proliferative diseases in non-insulin-resistant, euglycaemic individuals. Apart from improving insulin resistance, plasma lipids and systemic inflammatory markers, ameliorating atherosclerosis and preventing coronary artery restenosis in diabetic subjects, currently approved TZDs have been shown to improve psoriasis and ulcerative colitis in euglycaemic human subjects. These data imply that the activation of PPAR-γ may improve cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes in both insulin-resistant diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Through their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions, TZDs and other PPAR-γ agonists may prove to be effective in treating diseases unrelated to insulin resistance, such as autoimmune (e.g., multiple sclerosis), atopic (e.g., asthma, atopic dermatitis) and other inflammatory diseases (e.g., psoriasis, ulcerative colitis). Newer and safer selective PPAR-γ agonists are presently under development. Furthermore, of considerable interest is the recent discovery that a unique subset of currently prescribed antihypertensive angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonists has selective PPAR-γ-modulating activity. These discoveries pave the way for the development of drugs for treating chronic multigenic cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, for which therapy is presently insufficient or non-existent. The potential utility of the currently available TZDs rosiglitazone and pioglitazone and PPAR-γ-modulating angiotensin II Type 1 receptor antagonists in treating cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory diseases in insulin resistant and euglycaemic states is of immense clinical potential and should be investigated.
Simplified and versatile access to low valent Ni complexes by metal-free reduction of NiII precursors (2019)

The reduction of [Ni(DME)Cl2] with 2 equiv. of bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-tetramethyldihydropyrazine in the presence of a ligand L and an excess of olefin cleanly leads to [Ni(L)(alkene)2] complexes. When reduction is performed in the presence of 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), [Ni(COD)2] is obtained. Such an approach also allows access to the NiI dimer [Ni(bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)propane)Cl]2.
Fire Degradation of an Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Using the Cone Calorimeter (1995)

This work studies the fire degradation of an intumescent for mulation Polypropylene (PP)-Ammonium Polyphosphate (APP)/Pentaerythri tol (PER) using the cone calorimeter. An intumescence model is described which introduces the notion of degradation front. From the weight loss data recorded by the cone calorimeter and the results of the invariant kinetic pa rameters method (given in appendix) applied to the PP and to the PP-APP/PER system, the respective temperatures of the degradation fronts are measured. A stability zone is shown where the protection is effective. The intumescent coating degrades then by forming a carbonaceous residue which reduces the heat flux evolved.
A Bezel‐Less Tetrahedral Image Sensor Formed by Solvent‐Assisted Plasticization and Transformation of an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Framework (2018)

A method for transforming planar electronic devices into 3D structures under mechanically mild and stable conditions is demonstrated. This strategy involves diffusion control of acetone as a plasticizer into a spatially designed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) framework to both laminate membrane-type electronic devices and transform them into a desired 3D shape. Optical, mechanical, and electrical analysis reveals that the plasticized region serves as a damper and even reflows to release the stress of fragile elements, for example, an Au interconnect electrode in this study, below the ultimate stress point. This method also gives considerable freedom in aligning electronic devices not only in the neutral mechanical plane of the ABS framework, which is the general approach in flexible electronics, but also to the top surface, without inducing electrical failure. Finally, to develop a prototype omnidirectional optical system with minimal aberrations, this method is used to produce a bezel-less tetrahedral image sensor.
Assessing Clinical Change in Individuals Exposed to Repetitive Head Impacts: The Repetitive Head Impact Composite Index (2021)

<b>Background:</b> There is a current lack of any composite measure for the effective tracking and monitoring of clinical change in individuals exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI). The aim of this study is to create a composite instrument for the purposes of detecting change over time in cognitive and behavioral function in individuals exposed to RHI. <b>Methods:</b> The data to derive the composite instrument came from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study (PFBHS), a longitudinal study of active and retired professional fighters [boxers and mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters] and healthy controls. Participants in the PFBHS underwent assessment on an annual basis that included computerized cognitive testing and behavioral questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to compare active fighters (<i>n</i> = 117) with controls (<i>n</i> = 22), and retired fighters (<i>n</i> = 26) with controls to identify the predictors that could be used to differentiate the groups over time. In a second step, linear discriminant analysis was performed to derive the linear discriminant coefficients for the three groups by using the predictors from the two separate logistic regression models. <b>Results:</b> The composite scale is a weighted linear value of 12 standardized scores consisting of both current and yearly change scores in domains including: processing speed, choice reaction time, semantic fluency, letter fluency, and Barrett Impulsiveness Scale. Because the weighting of values differed between active and retired fighters, two versions emerged. The mean and standard deviation ratio (MSDR) showed that the new index had better sensitivity compared to the individual measures, with the ratio of MSDR of the new index to that of the existing measures of at least 1.84. <b>Conclusion:</b> With the increasing need for tools to follow individuals exposed to RHI and the potential of clinical trials on the horizon for CTE, the RHICI is poised to serve as an initial approach to a composite clinical measure.
The Role of Neprilysin in Regulating the Hair Cycle (2013)

In most mammals, each hair follicle undergoes a cyclic process of growing, regressing and resting phases (anagen, catagen, telogen, respectively) called the hair cycle. Various biological factors have been reported to regulate or to synchronize with the hair cycle. Some factors involved in the extracellular matrix, which is a major component of skin tissue, are also thought to regulate the hair cycle. We have focused on an enzyme that degrades elastin, which is associated with skin elasticity. Since our previous study identified skin fibroblast elastase as neprilysin (NEP), we examined the fluctuation of NEP enzyme activity and its expression during the synchronized hair cycle of rats. NEP activity in the skin was elevated at early anagen, and decreased during catagen to telogen. The expression of NEP mRNA and protein levels was modulated similarly. Immunostaining showed changes in NEP localization throughout the hair cycle, from the follicular epithelium during early anagen to the dermal papilla during catagen. To determine whether NEP plays an important role in regulating the hair cycle, we used a specific inhibitor of NEP (NPLT). NPLT was applied topically daily to the dorsal skin of C3H mice, which had been depilated in advance. Mice treated with NPLT had significantly suppressed hair growth. These data suggest that NEP plays an important role in regulating the hair cycle by its increased expression and activity in the follicular epithelium during early anagen.
No Evidence for Clonal Selection Due to Lentiviral Integration Sites in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2010)

Derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells requires the expression of defined transcription factors (among Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, Nanog, and Lin28) in the targeted cells. Lentiviral or standard retroviral gene transfer remains the most robust and commonly used approach. Low reprogramming frequency overall, and the higher efficiency of derivation utilizing integrating vectors compared to more recent nonviral approaches, suggests that gene activation or disruption via proviral integration sites (IS) may play a role in obtaining the pluripotent phenotype. We provide for the first time an extensive analysis of the lentiviral integration profile in human iPS cells. We identified a total of 78 independent IS in eight recently established iPS cell lines derived from either human fetal fibroblasts or newborn foreskin fibroblasts after lentiviral gene transfer of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28. The number of IS ranged from 5 to 15 IS per individual iPS clone, and 75 IS could be assigned to a unique chromosomal location. The different iPS clones had no IS in common. Expression analysis as well as extensive bioinformatic analysis did not reveal functional concordance of the lentiviral targeted genes between the different clones. Interestingly, in six of the eight iPS clones, some of the IS were found in pairs, integrated into the same chromosomal location within six base pairs of each other or in very close proximity. Our study supports recent reports that efficient reprogramming of human somatic cells is not dependent on insertional activation or deactivation of specific genes or gene classes.