gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia Progression to Carcinoma by Nitric Oxide-Releasing Aspirin in p48Cre/+-LSL-KrasG12D/+ Mice (2012)

Nitric oxide-releasing aspirin (NO-aspirin) represents a novel class of promising chemopreventive agents. Unlike conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NO-aspirin seems to be free of adverse effects while retaining the beneficial activities of its parent compound. The effect of NO-aspirin on pancreatic carcinogenesis was investigated by assessing the development of precursor pancreatic lesions and adenocarcinomas in Kras(G12D/+) transgenic mice that recapitulate human pancreatic cancer progression. Six-week-old male p48(Cre/+)-LSL-Kras(G12D/+) transgenic mice (20 per group) were fed diets containing 0, 1000, or 2000 ppm NO-aspirin. The development of pancreatic tumors was monitored by positron emission tomography imaging. All mice were killed at the age of 41 weeks and assessed for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and for molecular changes in the tumors. Our results reveal that NO-aspirin at 1000 and 2000 ppm significantly suppressed pancreatic tumor weights, PDAC incidence, and carcinoma in situ (PanIN-3 lesions). The degree of inhibition of PanIN-3 and carcinoma was more pronounced with NO-aspirin at 1000 ppm (58.8% and 48%, respectively) than with 2000 ppm (47% and 20%, respectively). NO-aspirin at 1000 ppm significantly inhibited the spread of carcinoma in the pancreas (∼97%; P < .0001). Decreased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX; with ∼42% inhibition of total COX activity), inducible nitric oxide synthase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and β-catenin was observed, with induction of p21, p38, and p53 in the pancreas of NO-aspirin-treated mice. These results suggest that low-dose NO-aspirin possesses inhibitory activity against pancreatic carcinogenesis by modulating multiple molecular targets.
Protein structure-based design of anti-protozoal drugs (2002)

The repertory of drugs to fight protozoal diseases such as malaria, Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis, and African trypanosomiasis is woefully inadequate. Now, genome sequencing and structural genomics projects are quickly elucidating new drug targets, providing incredible opportunities for medicinal chemists. Here, we illustrate the power of structure-based drug design in this process by our efforts to selectively block trypanosomal glycolysis.
An architecture for distributed wavelet analysis and processing in sensor networks (2006)

Distributed wavelet processing within sensor networks holds promise for reducing communication energy and wireless bandwidth usage at sensor nodes. Local collaboration among nodes de-correlates measurements, yielding a sparser data set with significant values at far fewer nodes. Sparsity can then be leveraged for subsequent processing such as measurement compression, de-noising, and query routing. A number of factors complicate realizing such a transform in real-world deployments, including irregular spatial placement of nodes and a potentially prohibitive energy cost associated with calculating the transform in-network. In this paper, we address these concerns head-on; our contributions are fourfold. First, we propose a simple interpolatory wavelet transform for irregular sampling grids. Second, using ns-2 simulations of network traffic generated by the transform, we establish for a variety of network configurations break-even points in network size beyond which multiscale data processing provides energy savings. Distributed lossy compression of network measurements provides a representative application for this study. Third, we develop a new protocol for extracting approximations given only a vague notion of source statistics and analyze its energy savings over a more intuitive but naïve approach. Finally, we extend the 2-dimensional (2-D) spatial irregular grid transform to a 3-D spatio-temporal transform, demonstrating the substantial gain of distributed 3-D compression over repeated 2-D compression.
Chest-accelerometry for hemodynamic trending during valsalva-recovery (2010)

Chest-worn accelerometers have been shown to detect acoustic and mechanical signals corresponding to cardiovascular activity. This paper aims at investigating and characterizing two different components of chest acceleration (seismocardiogram) along two orthogonal axes: firstly, the sub-10 Hz ballistic signal components dominant in the vertical axis and secondly, the 10-50 Hz acoustic signal components more dominantly expressed in the radial axis. Acceleration signals from five subjects in response to a valsalva maneuver were measured. Correlations of features from the two above acceleration components were computed with respect to reference measurements of stroke volume and pulse pressure obtained with a Finapres continuous blood pressure system. The peak amplitude of the vertical ballistic and radial acoustic signal components were found to correlate well with stroke volume (R=0.78 and 0.83, for vertical ballistic and radial acoustic, respectively). Comparable correlations were found between beat RMS power (R=0.77 and 0.83) and stroke volume. Similarly, correlations were also observed between pulse pressure and peak amplitude (R=0.74 and 0.86) and the beat RMS power (R=0.74 and 0.86).
Low-cost monolithic processing of large-area ultrasound transducer arrays (2019)

Large-area flexible ultrasound arrays can offer new ultrasound modalities in multiple fields. The production of these arrays when using CMOS-type fabrication techniques faces scalability challenges and costs increase dramatically when upscaled to large dimensions. We investigate the monolithic production of large-area PPT (Printed Polymer Transducer) arrays directly on a flexible substrate. Here, a vibrating membrane is defined by a circular opening in a thick photoresist layer. Since the photoresist layer is processed on top of the P(VDF-TrFE), a thin barrier layer is used to prevent diffusion into the P(VDF-TrFE). An annealing procedure is developed to reduce the surface roughness of the P(VDF-TrFE) layer and make it compatible with thin film electrode deposition. We measure a remnant polarization of 7-8 μC/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a coercive field of around 50 MV/m. Laser scanning vibrometer measurements reveal a uniform peak displacement and fundamental resonance frequency (66 kHz) across the PPT array.
Reverse vaccinology-based identification of a novel surface lipoprotein that is an effective vaccine antigen against bovine infections caused by Pasteurella multocida (2023)

Pasteurella multocida can infect a multitude of wild and domesticated animals, with infections in cattle resulting in hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) or contributing to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Current cattle vaccines against P. multocida consist of inactivated bacteria, which only offer limited and serogroup specific protection. Here, we describe a newly identified surface lipoprotein, PmSLP, that is present in nearly all annotated P. multocida strains isolated from cattle. Bovine associated variants span three of the four identified phylogenetic clusters, with PmSLP-1 and PmSLP-2 being restricted to BRD associated isolates and PmSLP-3 being restricted to isolates associated with HS. Recombinantly expressed, soluble PmSLP-1 (BRD-PmSLP) and PmSLP-3 (HS-PmSLP) vaccines were both able to provide full protection in a mouse sepsis model against the matched P. multocida strain, however no cross-protection and minimal serum IgG cross-reactivity was identified. Full protection against both challenge strains was achieved with a bivalent vaccine containing both BRD-PmSLP and HS-PmSLP, with serum IgG from immunized mice being highly reactive to both variants. Year-long stability studies with lyophilized antigen stored under various temperatures show no appreciable difference in biophysical properties or loss of efficacy in the mouse challenge model. PmSLP-1 and PmSLP-3 vaccines were each evaluated for immunogenicity in two independent cattle trials involving animals of different age ranges and breeds. In all four trials, vaccination with PmSLP resulted in an increase in antigen specific serum IgG over baseline. In a blinded cattle challenge study with a recently isolated HS strain, the matched HS-PmSLP vaccine showed strong efficacy (75-87.5% survival compared to 0% in the control group). Together, these data suggest that cattle vaccines composed of PmSLP antigens can be a practical and effective solution for preventing HS and BRD related P. multocida infections.
Fourier analysis (2014)

In the previous chapter we considered expansions of signals in appropriate bases, which can be interpreted as sampling and reconstruction. However, the expansions we discussed were written in abstract form so that it is not immediately obvious how to translate them to concrete sampling methods and practical reconstruction algorithms. From an engineering perspective, our interest is in sampling theories that can be implemented in practice using standard analog components such as filters and modulators. In the next chapter we move away from the abstract formulation and concentrate on concrete signal classes for which the representations we are interested in can be implemented efficiently using common engineering building blocks. The advantage of these settings is that much of the analysis can be carried out efficiently and in a simple manner in the Fourier domain. Therefore, a large part of the tools and methods used in the rest of the book for developing sampling theorems will rely on Fourier analysis.
Micro-optimization of floating-point operations (1989)

This paper describes micro-optimization, a technique for reducing the operation count and time required to perform floating-point calculations. Micro-optimization involves breaking floating-point operations into their constituent micro-operations and optimizing the resulting code. Exposing micro-operations to the compiler creates many opportunities for optimization. Redundant normalization operations can be eliminated or combined. Also, scheduling micro-operations separately allows dependent operations to be partially overlapped. A prototype expression compiler has been written to evaluate a number of micro-optimizations. On a set of benchmark expressions operation count is reduced by 33% and execution time is reduced by 40%.
Enhanced sensitivity near-field scanning optical microscopy at high spatial resolution (1998)

An apertureless near-field optical-imaging method is presented that achieves high spatial resolution as well as a ∼4000-fold increase in detection sensitivity, by exploiting the highly localized enhanced near-field interactions between the sample (e.g., Au nanospheres) and a sharp atomic force microscope tip under evanescent laser field illumination. This represents a general method for optical imaging at ⩽2 nm spatial resolution, and is applicable to both resonant (i.e., scattering) as well as nonresonant (i.e., fluorescence, Raman, etc.) spectroscopic methods.
Polarization-independent electrically tunable phase grating fabricated from ultraviolet-curable liquid crystals (2004)

Polarization-independent electrically tunable Raman-Nath phase diffraction grating has been fabricated using a very simple technique involving photocurable liquid crystals. The structure consists of alternating stripe of twisted-nematic liquid crystal domains and polymerized homeotropic ones. The diffraction efficiency can be tuned by an applied electric field, and is independent of the incident polarization particularly slightly above an electric field to make a Frederiks transition.
ENDOR Spectroscopic Evidence for the Position and Structure of NG-Hydroxy-l-arginine Bound to Holo-Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (1999)

Recently, we used 35 GHz pulsed 15N ENDOR spectroscopy to determine the position of the reactive guanidino nitrogen of substrate L-arginine relative to the high-spin ferriheme iron of holo-neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) [Tierney, D. L., et al. (1998) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 2983-2984]. Analogous studies of the enzyme-bound reaction intermediate, NG-hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA), singly labeled with 15N at the hydroxylated nitrogen (denoted NR), show that NR is held 3.8 A from the Fe, closer than the corresponding guanidino N of L-Arg (4.05 A). 1,2H ENDOR of NOHA bound to holo-nNOS in H2O and D2O discloses the presence of a single resolved exchangeable proton (H1) 4.8 A from Fe and very near the heme normal. The ENDOR data indicate that NOHA does not bind as the resonance-stabilized cation in which the terminal nitrogens share a positive charge. ENDOR-determined structural constraints permit two alternate structural models for the interaction of NOHA with the high-spin heme iron. In one model, H1 is assigned to the O-H proton; in the other, it is the NR-H proton. However, the alternatives differ in the placement of the N-O bond relative to the heme iron. Thus, a combination of the ENDOR data with appropriate diffraction studies can achieve a definitive determination of the protonation state of NR and thus of the tautomeric form that is present in the enzyme-NOHA complex. The mechanistic implications of this result are further discussed.
Highly Scalable Monitoring System on Chip for Multi-Stream Auto-Adaptable Vision System (2017)

The integration of multiple and technologically heterogeneous sensors (infrared, color, etc) in vision systems tend to democratize. The objective is to benefit from the multimodal perception allowing to improve the quality and robustness of challenging applications such as the advanced driver assistance, 3-D vision, inspection systems or military observation equipment.
Multiple quantized bits of phase or magnitude modulation using ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators (1989)

Binary spatial light modulators have the advantage of better spatial and temporal uniformity than continuous spatial light modulators due to their binary thresholding nature. The multiple level modulators presented herein have a similar uniformity advantage while offering more than a single bit of modulation. Typically, ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulators (SLM) are fabricated as halfwave plates using FLC materials which give a 45° rotation of the optic axis between their two switched states. They are used for binary magnitude or binary phase modulation. We present schemes for achieving multiple bits of modulation based on using a halfwave layer of FLC material for each bit of a modulation. The degree of modulation is directly related to the amount of rotation of the optic axis which, in turn, is a property of the specific FLC material used. Therefore successive layers require the use of different FLC materials.
Cell Plasticity in Lung Injury and Repair: Report from an NHLBI Workshop, April 19–20, 2010 (2011)

In April 2010, a NIH workshop was convened to discuss the current state of understanding of lung cell plasticity, including the responses of epithelial cells to injury, with the objectives of summarizing what is known, what the field needs to know, and how to get there. The proximal stimulus for this workshop is the body of recent evidence suggesting that plasticity is a prominent but incompletely characterized property of lung epithelial cells, and that a focus on understanding this aspect of epithelial cell biology in particular, may be an important window into disease pathobiology and pathogenesis. In addition to their many vital functions in maintaining tissue homeostasis, epithelial cells have emerged as both a central target of disease initiation and an active contributor to disease progression, making a workshop to investigate the role of cell plasticity in lung injury and repair timely. The workshop was organized around four major themes: lung epithelial cell plasticity, signaling control of plasticity, fibroblast plasticity and crosstalk, and translation to human disease. Although this breakdown was recognized to be somewhat artificial, it was felt that this approach would promote cross-fertilization among groups that ordinarily do not communicate and lend itself to the generation of new approaches. The summary reports of individual group discussions below are followed by consensus priorities and recommendations of the workshop participants.
Using Advanced Drilling Technology to Enable Well Factory Concept in the Marcellus Shale (2012)

Abstract In the Marcellus Shale, Northeast USA operators are moving from a phase of exploration and appraisal of gas wells to the development phase using "factory" drilling techniques: bringing down overall cost per well, increasing the number of wells that can be drilled using the resources available and maximizing the production from the wells that are brought online. This paper describes how one operator teamed up with a drilling service provider to adopt new technology that led to a substantial reduction in the operational time required to drill complex 3D profile Marcellus area wells. Most horizontal wells in the Marcellus are currently being drilled with conventional motors and basic measurement while drilling (MWD) systems that are reaching the technical limit of their capabilities. Additionally, the area pad drilling requirement of the Marcellus further challenges the ability of conventional tools to drill the required complex 3D profiles. Traditional rotary steerable systems have not been able to offer operational enhancement in the curve section of the well because they lack the ability to deliver the build rates required to land the wells and then drill the lateral. The authors will use detailed case histories to show how a new rotary steerable system, which has been developed specifically to address the challenges seen in unconventional reservoirs, was utilized to provide a true step change in drilling performance and deliver the benefits expected from rotary steerable systems. The design of bit and bottomhole assembly (BHA) is crucial to ensure that the objectives are met (directional control, ROP, run duration, and hole quality). It will be shown that the new drilling technique will enable the development of reservoir blocks in the Marcellus shale from single pads using complex well profiles, including real-time reservoir navigation, while minimizing the time to drill the wells.
Diffusion Tensor-Derived Properties of Benign Oligemia, True “at Risk” Penumbra, and Infarct Core during the First Three Hours of Stroke Onset: A Rat Model (2018)

Benign oligemia is small and remains microstructurally normal under pMCAO. TP and IC show a distinct evolution of DT-derived properties within the first 3 hours of stroke onset, and are thus potentially useful in predicting the fate of ischemic brain.
Scattering from fluid-loaded cylindrical shell with periodic circumferential constraints using analytical/numerical matching (1999)

Acoustic scattering from an infinitely long, thin elastic cylindrical shell with axially periodic circumferential constraints leads to the excitation of flexural, longitudinal, and shear waves on the shell. Of interest is the interaction of these structural waves with the discontinuous constraints, and the effect of this interaction on the resultant scattered sound field. This three-dimensional, fully coupled, structural acoustic problem is solved using a method called analytical/numerical matching (ANM). The method combines high-resolution local analytical solutions and low-resolution global numerical solutions to more efficiently model structural discontinuities. The ANM local solutions have been developed to efficiently capture the rapid variation in system response across the discontinuous constraint. The local solutions are combined with a smooth global solution, modeled by modal methods, to form an accurate, uniformly valid composite solution. The ANM composite solution is more accurate and converges much more rapidly than the traditional modal approach. An important observation is that this scattering problem exhibits considerable sensitivity to modeling accuracy and convergence of structural response in the region of the discontinuities. Errors in these regions have an overall effect on the structure and the associated scattered field.
Exploration of New Methods to Produce Efficient Sources of Coherent Near Millimeter Wave Radiation. (1984)

Abstract : A summary is presented of a feasibility study for a new concept photon recycling which was proposed as a new means of generating near millimeter wave radiation using gas dynamic cooling. A general theoretical analysis of this concept is presented which shows that small partition fractions and low temperatures lead to an unwieldly geometry for the nozzle design. Originator-supplied keywords include: Infrared, Near Millimeter Waves, Lasers, and Photon Recyclers.
Next Generation Planar 1700 V, 20 mΩ 4H-SiC DMOSFETs with Low Specific On-Resistance and High Switching Speed (2017)

Due to their fast switching speed, knee-free forward characteristics, and a robust, low reverse recovery body diode, SiC MOSFETs are ideal candidates to replace silicon IGBTs in many high-power medium-voltage applications. 1700 V SiC MOSFETs have already been released to production at Wolfspeed based on its 2 n d Gen technology. In this paper, we present our latest results in high voltage 4H-SiC MOSFET development. A low specific on-resistance of 4.7 mΩ⋅cm 2 has been achieved on 1700 V, 20 mΩ 4H-SiC DMOSFETs at 250°C based on a 3 rd generation planar MOSFET platform, which is less than half of the resistance of the previous generation devices. A detailed analysis has been carried out with respect to the static and dynamic characteristics, third quadrant conduction, and body diode reverse recovery charge, etc.
Development of an UWB Indoor 3D Positioning Radar with Millimeter Accuracy (2006)

A high resolution ultra wideband (UWB) positioning radar system based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) has been developed. The UWB radar system provides millimeter accuracy in dense multipath indoor environments for 1D, 2D, and 3D localization. The system is fully compliant with the FCC UWB regulations and utilizes time domain measurements to suppress both multipath signals and non-line of sight (NLOS) errors and has a potential for even sub-mm accuracy
Absence of Replication-Competent Lentivirus in the Clinic: Analysis of Infused T Cell Products (2017)

Exposure to replication-competent lentivirus (RCL) is a theoretical safety concern for individuals treated with lentiviral gene therapy. For certain ex vivo gene therapy applications, including cancer immunotherapy trials, RCL detection assays are used to screen the vector product as well as the vector-transduced cells. In this study, we reviewed T cell products screened for RCL using methodology developed in the National Gene Vector Biorepository. All trials utilized third-generation lentiviral vectors produced by transient transfection. Samples from 26 clinical trials totaling 460 transduced cell products from 375 subjects were evaluated. All cell products were negative for RCL. A total of 296 of the clinical trial participants were screened for RCL at least 1 month after infusion of the cell product. No research subject has shown evidence of RCL infection. These findings provide further evidence attesting to the safety of third-generation lentiviral vectors and that testing T cell products for RCL does not provide added value to screening the lentiviral vector product.