gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of optically monolithic, low-index guided mode resonance filters (2012)

This paper presents a narrow spectral filter based on a monolithic material system. Guided-mode resonance is achieved by embedding a periodic array of air holes within a similar-index material. Microvoids created in the lowindex substrate during deposition of the waveguide give a relatively high index contrast for guided-mode resonance. One and two-dimensional gratings are used to examine polarization dependence of the device. Theoretical and experimental results are provided, demonstrating a roughly six nanometer resonance at the full width half-maximum for both geometries.
Community Discovery via Metagraph Factorization (2011)

This work aims at discovering community structure in rich media social networks through analysis of time-varying, multirelational data. Community structure represents the latent social context of user actions. It has important applications such as search and recommendation. The problem is particularly useful in the enterprise domain, where extracting emergent community structure on enterprise social media can help in forming new collaborative teams, in expertise discovery, and in the long term reorganization of enterprises based on collaboration patterns. There are several unique challenges: (a) In social media, the context of user actions is constantly changing and coevolving; hence the social context contains time-evolving multidimensional relations. (b) The social context is determined by the available system features and is unique in each social media platform; hence the analysis of such data needs to flexibly incorporate various system features. In this article we propose MetaFac (MetaGraph Factorization), a framework that extracts community structures from dynamic, multidimensional social contexts and interactions. Our work has three key contributions: (1) metagraph, a novel relational hypergraph representation for modeling multirelational and multidimensional social data; (2) an efficient multirelational factorization method for community extraction on a given metagraph; (3) an online method to handle time-varying relations through incremental metagraph factorization. Extensive experiments on real-world social data collected from an enterprise and the public Digg social media Web site suggest that our technique is scalable and is able to extract meaningful communities from social media contexts. We illustrate the usefulness of our framework through two prediction tasks: (1) in the enterprise dataset, the task is to predict users’ future interests on tag usage, and (2) in the Digg dataset, the task is to predict users’ future interests in voting and commenting on Digg stories. Our prediction significantly outperforms baseline methods (including aspect model and tensor analysis), indicating the promising direction of using metagraphs for handling time-varying social relational contexts.
Connections Between Spectral Properties Of Asymptotic Mappings And Solutions To Wireless Network Problems (2019)

In this study we establish connections between asymptotic functions and properties of solutions to important problems in wireless networks. We start by introducing a class of self-mappings (called asymptotic mappings) constructed with asymptotic functions, and we show that spectral properties of these mappings explain the behavior of solutions to some maxmin utility optimization problems. For example, in a common family of max-min utility power control problems, we prove that the optimal utility as a function of the power available to transmitters is approximately linear in the low power regime. However, as we move away from this regime, there exists a transition point, easily computed from the spectral radius of an asymptotic mapping, from which gains in utility become increasingly marginal. From these results we derive analogous properties of the transmit energy efficiency. In this study we also generalize and unify existing approaches for feasibility analysis in wireless networks. Feasibility problems often reduce to determining the existence of the fixed point of a standard interference mapping, and we show that the spectral radius of an asymptotic mapping provides a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such a fixed point. We further present a result that determines whether the fixed point satisfies a constraint given in terms of a monotone norm.
Expression of the human germinal center–associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein identifies a subset of classic Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center derivation and improved survival (2006)

The human germinal-center-associated lymphoma (HGAL) gene and its cognate protein are expressed in a germinal center (GC)-specific manner. Its expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) prompted us to address whether HGAL expression could distinguish biologically distinct subgroups of cHL. Tissue microarrays from 145 patients treated with curative intent showed HGAL staining in 75% and was closely correlated with MUM1/IRF4 (92%) expression. BCL6 (26%), CD10 (0%), BCL2 (31%), Blimp1 (0.02%), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (20%) showed no specific correlation; neither did phospho-STAT6, a key mediator of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling that induces HGAL and is implicated in cHL pathogenesis. In our study cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) correlated with young age (less than 45 years, P < .001), low stage (stage I and II, P = .04), and low International Prognostic Score (P = .002). In univariate analysis, HGAL expression was associated with improved OS (P = .01) and failure-free survival (FFS) (P = .05) but was not independent of other factors in multivariate analysis of OS or FFS. The expression of the GC-specific marker HGAL in a subset of cHL suggests that these cHLs retain characteristics of GC-derived lymphomas. The association with improved OS in univariate but not multivariate analysis suggests that HGAL expression is related to known clinical parameters of improved survival.
Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage in Subphthalocyanine/C60 Organic Photovoltaic Cells (2006)

A double-heterostructure boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc)/C60 thin-film photovoltaic cell exhibits a more than doubled Voc compared to a conventional copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C60 cell under 1 sun AM1.5G simulated illumination. The lower oxidation potential of SubPc results in an increase in the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the acceptor-like material and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the donor-like material (referred to as the interface gap, Ig) by 400 meV. We attribute the significant increase in Voc to this increase in Ig.
Incidence, prevalence, and clinical outcome of hepatitis GB-C virus infection in liver transplant patients (1998)

A novel RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family has been discovered recently and designated hepatitis GB-C virus (GBV-C). Previous studies have reported that GBV-C is associated with posttransfusion hepatitis, chronic viral hepatitis, and cryptogenic hepatitis. However, the clinical significance of GBV-C infection has been questioned increasingly in patients not undergoing transplantation. To investigate whether GBV-C infection under immunosuppression affects the clinical or the histological outcome in liver transplant recipients, we determined the prevalence and incidence of GBV-C infections and the clinical and histological signs in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The presence of GBV-C was tested in sera from patients before and in regular intervals up to 6 years after OLT by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers derived from the NS3 region. A total of 72 patients were studied. Before OLT, 8 of 72 (11.1%) patients were positive for GBV-C. After OLT, 7 of 8 (87.5%) remained positive. Of 64 patients who were negative for GBV-C before OLT, 23 became positive after OLT, resulting in a de novo rate of GBV-C infection of 35.9%. We could not detect a higher rate of histologically proven hepatitis in GBV-C-positive patients (29.1%) than in GBV-C-negative patients (14.6%, P > 0.057). Comparing GBV-C-positive with GBV-C-negative liver transplant patients, we could not find any differences in age, gender, liver function tests, number of blood transfusions, histological degree of hepatitis, or number of rejection episodes. Survival was not negatively influenced by GBV-C positivity. In conclusion, the presence of GBV-C did not influence the clinical or histological outcome in liver transplant patients.
A Scalable Aperiodic RFIC Phased-Array Topology for the mmWave Spectrum (2022)

The millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum promises improved communications, but comes with the challenge of developing steerable, highly directive antennas which are operable over wide bandwidths. For mmWave systems, engineers often employ RF integrated circuit (RFIC) technologies for which scalable architectures are highly desirable. Periodic arrays, easily scaled to large apertures, are nevertheless hindered by grating lobes and inter-element coupling, which necessarily limit the operating bandwidth. Therefore, we present in this work a new aperiodic array topology which is supported by an underlying periodic feeding layer. Antenna element aperiodicity renders grating lobes virtually non-existent at wide steering angles, while feed point periodicity maintains RFIC scalability. Furthermore, this new topology is shown to be rapidly optimized with modern algorithms and verified by analytical formulations.
New Algorithms for 3-D Imaging and Analysis of Open-Celled Foams (2001)

Open-celled foams are three-dimensional networks of polymeric cells. The mechanical properties of a foam depend on the size and geometry of its cells. Since foams have a three-dimensional polyhedral structure, the two-dimensional characterization techniques currently used provide limited accuracy. Nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray tomography methods offeropportunities for three-dimensional imaging of these polyhedral structures. Software, which can use digital three-dimensional images to determine structural parameters such as strut length distribution, connectivity, and cell size, is being developed. The image processing approach uses conformal curvature flow (CCF)segmentation to find the surfaces of foam struts in the 3-D images. Once these surfaces have been found, volume thinning is used to find the structural skeleton of the foam. The resulting data set can then be used to determine many statistical characteristics of the foam, including strut length distributions, window size and shape distributions, and cell size information. Analysis of a reticulated polyurethane foam sample using these methods yielded a reasonable approximation of the structural skeleton of the sample.
Asymmetric excitation of symmetric single-mode Y-junctions: the radiation mode effects (1992)

The asymmetric excitation of a symmetric single-mode Y-junction is studied using two techniques: the standard BPM and a modal analysis based on the radiation spectrum. The authors found that the power splitting between the two outputs of the junction is strongly dependent on the coherent coupling of the odd radiation modes excited at the input of the junction. A GaAs-GaAlAs single-mode junction excited by a single-mode fiber is experimentally tested and a splitting ratio as high as 12 dB is obtained. Such a result, which could not be explained if the radiation field is neglected, proposes new applications of the Y-junction like an optical displacement sensor with a high sensitivity on the order to 5 dB/ mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Study on Lightning Protection Methods for Wind Turbine Blades (2005)

Lightning protection measures for wind turbines are becoming important as the use of wind turbines is increasing rapidly along with its capacity and height. In order to understand the manner of lightning attachment to wind turbine blades, experiments with various types of blade samples were conducted. Experimental studies revealed following issues. Regarding a non-conductive blade sample, the 50% flashover voltage of polluted blade sample was reduced by 10% as compared to a non-pulluted blade sample. Creeping discharges on the polluted blade samples occurred more frequently, and penetrated through the surface, damaging the blade sample. The blade sample with a receptor system showed lower protection performance than the blade covered with a conducting cap.
The Japanese Society for Apheresis clinical practice guideline for therapeutic apheresis (2021)

Most of the diseases for which apheresis therapy is indicated are intractable and rare, and each patient has a different background and treatment course prior to apheresis therapy initiation. Therefore, it is difficult to conduct large-scale randomized controlled trials to secure high-quality evidence. Under such circumstances, the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) issued its guidelines in 2007, which were repeatedly revised until the latest edition in 2019. The ASFA guidelines are comprehensive. However, in the United States, a centrifugal separation method is mainly used for apheresis, whereas the mainstream procedure in Japan is the membrane separation method. The target diseases and their backgrounds are different from those in Japan. Due to these differences, the direct adoption of the ASFA guidelines in Japanese practice creates various problems. One of the features of apheresis in Japan is the development of treatment methods using hollow-fiber devices such as double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) and selective plasma exchange and adsorption-type devices such as polymyxin B-immobilized endotoxin adsorption columns. Specialists in emergency medicine, hematology, collagen diseases/rheumatology, respiratory medicine, cardiovascular medicine, gastroenterology, neurology, nephrology, and dermatology who are familiar with apheresis therapy gathered for this guideline, which covers 86 diseases. In addition, since apheresis therapy involves not only physicians but also clinical engineers, nurses, dieticians, and many other medical professionals, this guideline was prepared in the form of a worksheet so that it can be easily understood at the bedside. Moreover, to the clinical purposes, this guideline is designed to summarize apheresis therapy in Japan and to disseminate and further develop Japanese apheresis technology to the world. As diagnostic and therapeutic techniques are constantly advancing, the guidelines need to be revised every few years. In order to ensure the high quality of apheresis therapy in Japan, both the Japanese Society for Apheresis Registry and the guidelines will be inseparable.
SATURABLE ABSORPTION EFFECTS IN A XENON FLASHTUBE DISCHARGE (1971)

Plasma attenuation measurements have been made with YAG: Nd+3 laser radiation traversing a 5-cm length of xenon plasma in a specially constructed flashtube. For low input signals, significant attentuation was observed with the attentuation persisting for several hundred microseconds following flashtube current cutoff. Experimental plasma transmission data were taken as a function of laser input power density. The results showed that there is a dependence on intensity of input radiation, i.e., the absorption tends to saturate as the laser input intensity increases.
Association of the Congenital Neuromuscular Form of Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV With a Large Deletion and Recurrent Frameshift Mutation (2011)

Anderson disease, also known as glycogen storage disease type IV (MIM 232500), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of glycogen branching enzyme. Glycogen storage disease type IV has a broad clinical spectrum ranging from a perinatal lethal form to a nonprogressive later-onset disease in adults. Here, we report 2 unrelated infants who were born small for their gestational age and who had profound hypotonia at birth and thus needed mechanical ventilation. Both of these patients shared the same frameshift mutation (c.288delA, pGly97GlufsX46) in the GBE1 gene. In addition, both of these patients were found to have 2 different large deletions in the GBE1 gene; exon 7 and exons 2 to 7, respectively, on the other alleles. This case report also highlights the need for a more comprehensive search for large deletion mutations associated with glycogen storage disease type IV, especially if routine GBE1 gene sequencing results are equivocal.
Flood risk and climate change: global and regional perspectives (2013)

A holistic perspective on changing rainfall-driven flood risk is provided for the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Economic losses from floods have greatly increased, principally driven by the expanding exposure of assets at risk. It has not been possible to attribute rain-generated peak streamflow trends to anthropogenic climate change over the past several decades. Projected increases in the frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall, based on climate models, should contribute to increases in precipitation-generated local flooding (e.g. flash flooding and urban flooding). This article assesses the literature included in the IPCC SREX report and new literature published since, and includes an assessment of changes in flood risk in seven of the regions considered in the recent IPCC SREX report-Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Europe, North America, Oceania and Polar regions. Also considering newer publications, this article is consistent with the recent IPCC SREX assessment finding that the impacts of climate change on flood characteristics are highly sensitive to the detailed nature of those changes and that presently we have only low confidence(1) in numerical projections of changes in flood magnitude or frequency resulting from climate change.
CDM-based 4-Channel Digital Beamforming Transmitter Using a Single DAC (2019)

In recent years, digital beamforming (DBF) is gaining more attention for next generation directional communication systems such as 5G, thanks to its flexibility for beamstearing compared with that of both analog- and hybrid-beamforming. However, conventional digital beamforming requires the use of independent Digital to Analog converter (DAC) and RF chain for each antenna element, which poses significant challenges in cost, power and heat management. In this work, we report for the first time a novel low-cost solution with reduced hardware complexity in DBF. Digital beamformed multiple baseband signal is designed to feed different antenna elements through a single DAC. Coding schemes were implemented in digital baseband domain, while decoding was done in analog RF domain. The decoded signals are tested before connected with antenna for proof-of-concept. The demonstrated technique provides cost and size reduction of the array system, while keeping the integrity of the signals and beam pattern.
Minimization of Decorrelator Artifacts in Directional Audio Coding by Covariance Domain Rendering (2013)

Directional Audio Coding (DirAC) is a perceptually motivated method for spatial audio reproduction that models the sound field as a combination of a plane wave and a surrounding diffuse field, in a time-frequency resolution that approximates that of the human spatial hearing. The reproduction of the diffuse sound requires incoherence between the loudspeaker signals, which is typically achieved using decorrelators. The decorrelators, however, have the drawback of compromising the overall sound quality in sound scenes that prominently contain signals with impulsive fine structure, such as applause and speech. In this paper, we apply a recently proposed covariance domain spatial sound processing framework to optimize the DirAC synthesis. The framework takes into use the available independent signal components within the microphone channels, and by these means minimizes the necessary amount of the applied decorrelated sound energy. Listening tests showed that the procedure improves the overall perceived quality of DirAC rendering when there are a number of coincident or spaced microphone signals available, and when the signal content is such that is perceivably affected by the decorrelators.
Coulomb expansion of a two-component ion bunch: influence on high-field ionization experiments (1994)

A new aspect of the space-charge effect is investigated. We have observed Ar+ double peaks in the time-of-flight mass spectra recorded during the tunnel ionization of the Xe-Ar gas mixture using CO2 laser radiation. It is shown theoretically that this effect results from the Coulomb expansion of the two-component ion bunch produced in the focal volume. Calculations based on the proposed qualitative theoretical model agree well with the experimental data. This phenomenon is shown to be important in high-field ionization experiments in which multi-component ion bunches are produced.
Long-Distance Demonstration and Modeling of Low-Power Silicon Microdisk Modulators (2011)

Silicon micro-resonators have been proposed for short-distance intracomputer interconnects and recently for long-distance communications. In this letter, the spectral profile, chirp, and power penalties are theoretically analyzed, measured, and compared for a recent silicon microdisk resonator technology. Theory predicts negative pulse chirping of the transmitted wave which when combined with the dispersion properties of SMF-28 fiber results in no power penalty at 40 km and less than 1 dB for 70 km at 5 Gb/s. The measurement at 5 Gb/s agrees with the theoretically predicted values. Measurement of the modulator at a bandwidth limited speed of 10 Gb/s results in 2- and 6.5-dB power penalties at 40 and 70 km, respectively. Comparison with commercial Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) technology at 70 km shows that the silicon microdisk is within 0.5-dB power penalty of the MZM at 5 Gb/s and within 4 dB of the MZM power penalty at 10 Gb/s. Theory and experimental results show silicon photonic modulators can be competitive options for long-distance communications.
Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (2018)

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model Of Ventilator-associated And Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Keynote Mo-K: Graphene for next generation silicon photonics (2017)

We show that graphene can be provide electro-optic properties to traditionally passive optical materials and enable efficient integrated active nanophotonic devices. We show devices with GHz absorption modulation based on ring resonators. We also report the first experimental demonstration of a graphene electro-refractive modulator with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">π</sub> L of 0.14 V cm, and minimal absorption modulation based on graphene capacitor integrated on Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> with embedded high-K and high breakdown dielectric.