gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time- and frequency-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy with sub-25fs laser pulses (2008)

In general, many different diagrams can contribute to the signal measured in broadband four-wave mixing experiments. Care must therefore be taken when designing an experiment to be sensitive to only the desired diagram by taking advantage of phase matching, pulse timing, sequence, and the wavelengths employed. We use sub-25 fs pulses to create and monitor vibrational wavepackets in gaseous iodine, bromine, and iodine bromide through time- and frequency-resolved femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy. We experimentally illustrate this using iodine, where the broad bandwidths of our pulses, and Boltzmann population in the lower three vibrational levels conspire to make a single diagram dominant in one spectral region of the signal spectrum. In another spectral region, however, the signal is the sum of two almost equally contributing diagrams, making it difficult to directly extract information about the molecular dynamics. We derive simple analytical expressions for the time- and frequency-resolved CARS signal to study the interplay of different diagrams. Expressions are given for all five diagrams which can contribute to the CARS signal in our case.
Comparison of Fluorescein Break-Up Time Measurement Reproducibility Using Standard Fluorescein Strips Versus the Dry Eye Test (DET) Method (2001)

Purpose. To compare the repeatability of fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) measurements determined with either a standard fluorescein strip or the Dry Eye Test (DET) modified fluorescein strip methods. Methods. This was a prospective, randomized contralateral study of 100 patients, in which FBUT measurements were determined with a standard FUL-GLO fluorescein strip (Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, U.S.A.) in one eye and a DET strip (Akorn, Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, U.S.A.) for the contralateral eye. Three consecutive measurements were made immediately after fluorescein instillation. The second eye was evaluated 1 minute after completion of the first eye. Data from patients with FBUT values less than 20 seconds were included in the data analysis, because measurements greater than 20 seconds are not diagnostically significant. Results. Seventy-five patients met enrollment and FBUT measurement criteria. For three consecutive FBUT measurements, the DET values were within 3 seconds for 72 of the 75 patients (96%). Eighty percent of patients reported no sensation with the DET strip, 20% reported mild sensation, and no patient reported moderate sensation. With FUL-GLO strips, measurements were within 3 seconds for 53 of the 75 patients (71%) (p <0.005). The standard fluorescein strip method elicited reports of no sensation from 31% of patients, mild sensation from 60%, and moderate sensation from 9% (p <0.001). Conclusions. The DET strip provides a significant reduction in sensation upon application, improved single measurement reliability, and enhanced measurement precision, compared with a conventional fluorescein strip.
All perovskite capacitor (APEC) technology for (Ba,Sr)TiO/sub 3/ capacitor scaling toward 0.10 /spl mu/m stacked DRAMs (1998)

All perovskite Capacitor (APEC) technology is proposed to achieve (Ba,Sr)TiO/sub 3/ (BST) capacitor scaling toward 0.10 /spl mu/m DRAM generation. A conductive perovskite-oxide (polycrystalline SrRuO/sub 3/ (SRO)) electrode is introduced as a bottom and a top electrode of BST capacitor. Advantages of APEC technology are low leakage current and less damage to hydrogen-annealing. A new BST-CVD tool with a good film uniformity is also developed to realize a BST film thickness decrease. Both APEC and the new BST-CVD tool are found to be a promising technology for future BST capacitors scaling.
Mapping Refrigerant Gases in the New York City Skyline (2017)

Cities are now home to more than 50% of the world's population and emit large quantities of pollutants from sources such as fossil fuel combustion and the leakage of refrigerants. We demonstrate the utility of persistent synoptic longwave hyperspectral imaging to study the ongoing leakage of refrigerant gases in New York City, compounds that either deplete the stratosphere ozone or have significant global warming potential. In contrast to current monitoring programs that are based on country-level reporting or aggregate measures of emissions, we present the identification of gaseous plumes with high spatial and temporal granularity in real-time over the skyline of Manhattan. The reported data highlights the emission of chemicals scheduled for phase-out. Our goal is to contribute to better understanding of the composition, sources, concentration, prevalence and patterns of emissions for the purposes of both research and policy.
Effect of Water Storage on the Bonding Effectiveness of 6 Adhesives to Class I Cavity Dentin (2006)

Adhesive-dentin interfaces degrade with time. This study determined the effect water storage may have on the bonding effectiveness of adhesives to occlusal Class I cavity-bottom dentin. Six adhesives, all representing contemporary classes of adhesives, were applied: a 3-step (OptiBond FL, Kerr) and 2-step (Scotchbond 1*, 3M ESPE) etch-and-rinse adhesive, a 2-step (Clearfil SE, Kuraray) and 1-step (Adper prompt, 3M ESPE) self-etch adhesive and a 2-step (FujiBond LC, GC) and 1-step (Reactmer, Shofu) resin-modified glass-ionomer adhesive. Bonding effectiveness was assessed by microtensile bond strength testing (MTBS) and electron microscopy (Feg-SEM and TEM). The MTBS was determined after 1 day and 1 year water storage of the entire restored cavity (indirect exposure of the adhesive-dentin interface to water) and prepared microTBS-beams (direct exposure of the adhesive-dentin interface to water). The hypotheses tested were: (1) resin-dentin bonds formed at the bottom of Class I cavities resist 1-year water storage and (2) an adjacent composite-enamel bond protects the composite-dentin bond against degradation. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis statistically analyzed the microTBSs. The first hypothesis was rejected, as only the microTBS of OptiBond FL and Clearfil SE did not significantly decrease after 1-year direct and/or indirect water storage. The second hypothesis was corroborated, as the bonding effectiveness of most simplified adhesives (Scotchbond 1, Adper Prompt, FujiBond LC and Reactmer) approached 0 (because of the frequent pre-testing failures) after 1-year direct water exposure. The second hypothesis concluded that the 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive must still be regarded the "gold standard." Though microTBS decreased significantly, Clearfil SE, as a 2-step self-etch adhesive, was the only simplified adhesive to perform reliably after 1-year direct water exposure.
Synthesis and biological activity of 2-cyanoacrylamide derivatives tethered to imidazopyridine as TAK1 inhibitors (2020)

The importance of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) to cell survival has been demonstrated in many studies. TAK1 regulates signalling cascades, the NF-κB pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. TAK1 inhibitors can induce the apoptosis of cancerous cells, and irreversible inhibitors such as (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol are highly potent. However, they can react non-specifically with cysteine residues in proteins, which may have serious adverse effects. Reversible covalent inhibitors have been suggested as alternatives. We synthesised imidazopyridine derivatives as novel TAK1 inhibitors, which have 2-cyanoacrylamide moiety that can form reversible covalent bonding. A derivative with 2-cyano-3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)acrylamide (<b>13h</b>) exhibited potent TAK1 inhibitory activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 27 nM. It showed a reversible reaction with β-mercaptoethanol, which supports its potential as a reversible covalent inhibitor.
Mechanisms of Heading Perception in Primate Visual Cortex (1996)

When we move forward while walking or driving, what we see appears to expand. The center or focus of this expansion tells us our direction of self-motion, or heading, as long as our eyes are still. However, if our eyes move, as when tracking a nearby object on the ground, the retinal image is disrupted and the focus is shifted away from the heading. Neurons in primate dorso-medial superior temporal area responded selectively to an expansion focus in a certain part of the visual field, and this selective region shifted during tracking eye movements in a way that compensated for the retinal focus shift. Therefore, these neurons account for the effect of eye movements on what we see as we travel forward through the world.
PixelFlow (1997)

PlxelFlow is an architecture for high-speed, highly realistic image generation, based on the techniques of object-parallelism and image composition, Its initial architecture was described in [MOLN92]. After development by the original team of researchers at the University of North Carolina, and codevelopment with industry partners, Division Ltd. and HcwlettPackard, PixelFlow now is a much more capable system than initially conceived and its hardware and software systems have evolved considerably. This paper describes the final realization of PixelFlow, along with hardware and software enhancements heretofore unpublished. CR Cntcgorics and Subject Descriptors: C.5.4 [Computer System Implementation]: VLSI Systems; 1.3.1 [Computer Graphics]: Hardware Architecture; 1.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation; 1.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: ThreeDimensional Graphics and Realism. Additlonnl
GS14 Fabrication of Porous Titanium by Friction Powder Compaction Process (2013)

Open-cell porous titanium (Ti) was fabricated by friction powder compaction (FPC) process, which requires no external heat sources. In this process, a mixture of Ti powder and sodium chloride (NaCl) powder as spacer particle was used as starting materials. The powder mixture was compacting only by rotating tool plunged into the mixture. NaCl was removed by placing the sintered mixture in water, and pores were formed. Porous Ti with porosities of 57.9 % was successfully fabricated. In this study, pore structures of obtained porous Ti were nondestructively observed by X-ray computing tomography (CT).
Correction: Akagi et al. Micromagnetic Study of the Dependence of Output Voltages and Magnetization Behaviors on Damping Constant, Frequency, and Wire Length for a Gigahertz Spin Rotation Sensor. Sensors 2023, 23, 2786 (2023)

The authors wish to make the following corrections to the original paper [...].
Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO3 fillers (2021)

Spinning technology using melt extrusion and spin-draw processes transforms polymeric materials into highly oriented, crystallized polymeric fibers. Thermoplastic isotactic polypropylene compound with ground CaCO 3 (GCC) and precipitate CaCO 3 (PCC) with stearic acid surface coating treatment was used in this study. This product was developed in masterbatch form, which contained 70% GCC in resin and 50% PCC in resin. The resulting (masterbatch pellets) polymer can be spun into fibers through a single-screw extruder. Surface and cross-sectional images of fibers were captured by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy for identifying the organic/inorganic interface of fibers. The melt-spun fibers have a distinctive morphology, the particles impact on spinnability, and productivity in the spunbond will alter the mechanical property, thermal property and optical property of fiber-based products. Processing parameters, including spinning speed, throughput rate and take-up roll velocity, were systematically study to understand the structure formation. Meanwhile, different loading concentrations are applied for varied factor comparison of particle size and shape. The Weibull distribution model is applied for determining the tensile property of fibers containing high GCC dosages of 20–40%. Meanwhile, a few more steps of gauge length are utilized for studying the probability of a weak link in polymer materials. Through a systematic discussion of the GCC and PCC comparison study in changing fiber properties, the impact of the particle size on agglomeration formation is emphasized, as well as the breaking mechanism of fibers.
Reagents for organic synthesis. Part 3. Tin-mediated esterification in macrolide synthesis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReagents for organic synthesis. Part 3. Tin-mediated esterification in macrolide synthesisKosta Steliou and Marc Andre PoupartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 24, 7130–7138Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00362a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views716Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multiresolution approach to three-dimensional stereo vision (2003)

A wavelet-based multiresolution approach to the stereo vision problem is presented. The proposed approach is based on minimizing the difference between the images under a disparity map. A cost function is minimized, in the proposed algorithm, iteratively. The minimization is performed using the weighting coefficients of the wavelet decomposition, wherein we make use of the theory of representation of operators in spaces spanned by compactly supported scaling functions. An example illustrates the implementation of our algorithm, highlighting the advantages afforded by using our algorithm, as compared with the performance of correlation-based methods.
Virus-Specific Double-Stranded RNA in Poliovirus-Infected Cells (1964)

Poliovirus-infected HeLa cells contain a small amount of an RNA that sediments slightly faster than 16S. This RNA is less dense than viral RNA and resists digestion by ribonuclease. It is therefore, considered to be a double-stranded form of poliovirus RNA. A significant amount of this material is found in association with a membranous virus-specific particulate.
Novel Bio-Optoelectronics Enabled by Flexible Micro Light-Emitting Diodes (2021)

Optical health monitoring and treatment have been spotlighted due to their biocompatible properties. Several researchers are investigating optical devices for obtaining health signals and curing diseases without any damage to the body. In particular, μLEDs have received a lot of attention as a future light source due to their superior optical/electrical properties, environmental stability, and structural advantages. According to their strengths, μLEDs have been used for various biomedical applications, such as optogenetics and hair regrowth. In this paper, we introduce the research tendency of μLEDs and the latest bio-applications.
Recently Discovered Ezh2 and Ehmt2 (G9A) Inhibitors (2016)

Methyltransferase enzymes are promising epigenetic oncotargets. Recent efforts toward the development of inhibitors of two methyltransferases, EZH2 and G9a, as potential anticancer therapies are reviewed with a focus on the structure-activity relationships of compounds published from 2012. Benzamide-substituted 2-pyridones are still by far the most popular selective EZH2 inhibitor class but alternative classes are now being reported. There are now three EZH2 inhibitors in clinical development with the first responses in lymphoma patients with tazemetostat. Potent inhibitors of G9a are also published but no examples have yet reached the clinic. Dual blockage of EZH2-G9a is exemplified by one series of compounds. We conclude this review by presenting the three clinical stage compounds with the first clinical response data.
Optoelectronic characterization of 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes operated in DC and in geiger mode (2011)

Silicon carbide has attracted a lot interest in the power electronics arena due to its advantageous properties over other semiconductor materials; it has high thermal conductivity, a wide bandgap, and a high breakdown electric field, all of which are properties that make it suitable for high voltage and high current density devices capable of operating in extremely harsh environments. Another noted advantage of SiC is its capability to transduce photons in the ultraviolet band of the electromagnetic spectrum. Due to the large energy gap, SiC p-n junctions exhibit high UV responsivity and negligible response beyond 400 nm. This makes SiC ideal for solar-blind UV imaging, and as a result there has been significant efforts towards optimizing the performance of SiC avalanche photodiodes (APDs).
Nanoparticle photoresists from HfO2 and ZrO2 for EUV patterning (2012)

Performance requirements for EUV resists will demand the development of entirely new resist platforms. A challenge in designing these new HfO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticle resists is the selection of molecular structures that will provide both superior performance in imaging and etch resistance while maintaining optimal absorbance at EUV wavelengths. We have previously described the use of inorganic nanoparticle photoresists for 193 nm and e-beam lithography. These inorganic photoresists are made of oxide nanoparticles and have shown etch resistance that is 25 times higher than polymer resists. The high etch resistance of these materials allow the processing of very thin films (< 40 nm) and will help push the resolution limits below 20 nm without pattern collapse. Additionally, the small size of the nanoparticles (< 5 nm) leads to low LER. In this presentation we show that these inorganic resists can be applied to EUV lithography. We have successfully achieved high resolution patterning (<30 nm) with very high sensitivity and low LER.
Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Two Stage Pilot Relief Valve (1991)

Static and dynamic characteristics of a two stage relief valve have been studied theoretically and experimentally. The governing equations of the valve have been derived and sensitivity analysis was performed by digital computer simulation on the valve response characteristics based on the established dynamic equations of the motions of the valve. From this study, significant parameters on the valve response were identified, which can be modified to improve the dynamic characteristics of the valve. Subsequently, experiments were performed with a specially fabricated Vickers type pilot relief valve. The results showed fair agreement with the simulation results, thus proving the validity of the model.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX CHEMISTRY OF REACTIVE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. 48. Σ‐ALKYL, Π‐ALLYL, AND Π‐OLEFIN COORDINATION OF DIPHENYLKETENE: NEUTRON DIFFRACTION STUDIES OF THE CARBONYLIRON COMPLEXES FE(CO)3(η3:η1‐(C6H5)2CCO) AND FE2(CO)6(CH(C6H5)(C6H4)) (1985)

Abstract Die Photolyse von Fe‐pentacarbonyl (I) in Gegenwart von Diphenylketen ergibt den nln1′‐Diphenylketen‐Titelkomplex (II).
Survivable consensus objects (2002)

Reaching consensus among multiple processes in a distributed system is fundamental to coordinating distributed actions. We present a new approach to building survivable consensus objects in a system consisting of a (possibly large) collection of persistent object servers and a transient population of clients. Our consensus object implementation requires minimal support from servers, but at the same time enables clients to reach coordinated decisions despite the arbitrary (Byzantine) failure of any number of clients and up to a threshold number of servers.
Sequencing HIV-neutralizing antibody exons and introns reveals detailed aspects of lineage maturation (2018)

The developmental pathways of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV are of great importance for the design of immunogens that can elicit protective responses. Here we show the maturation features of the HIV-neutralizing anti-V1V2 VRC26 lineage by simultaneously sequencing the exon together with the downstream intron of VRC26 members. Using the mutational landscapes of both segments and the selection-free nature of the intron region, we identify multiple events of amino acid mutational convergence in the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of VRC26 members, and determine potential intermediates with diverse CDR3s to a late stage bNAb from 2 years prior to its isolation. Moreover, we functionally characterize the earliest neutralizing intermediates with critical CDR3 mutations, with some emerging only 14 weeks after initial lineage detection and containing only ~6% V gene mutations. Our results thus underscore the utility of analyzing exons and introns simultaneously for studying antibody maturation and repertoire selection.
Aminosilane Micropatterns on Hydroxyl-Terminated Substrates: Fabrication and Applications (2009)

The technique to pattern aminosilanes on hydroxyl-terminated substrates will open up extensive applications in many fields. There are some existing methods to pattern aminosilanes, in particular, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) on SiO(2) and glass substrates through indirect routes. However, few reports focus on the direct patterning of APTES by microcontact printing (microCP), due to the volatility of "inks" which consist of APTES and organic solvents. This report shows that high-quality APTES patterns on hydroxyl-terminated substrates can be directly obtained by microCP using an APTES aqueous solution as "ink". Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been used to verify the presence and quality of APTES patterns on which they are selectively adsorbed. Thus-obtained Au NP patterns can serve as templates for the growth of ZnO nanostructures. Lectins are also successfully immobilized on the APTES patterns, with glutaraldehyde as linker. We believe that our method will serve as a general approach and find a wide range of applications in the fabrication of patterns and devices.
Reducing energy costs in Internet-scale distributed systems using load shifting (2014)

Energy costs have become a significant fraction of the operational costs of running large Internet-scale distributed systems (IDS). In this work, we propose a demand-response technique where the system temporarily reduces its energy usage in response to pricing signals from a smart grid. Our proposed demand-response technique involves deferring the load from elastic requests to later time periods in order to reduce the server demand and the current energy usage, and hence, energy costs. We propose an optimal offline algorithm for demand response and evaluate it on production workloads from a commercial content delivery network using realistic electricity pricing models. Our optimal offline algorithm can achieve 12% energy cost savings for time-of-use electricity pricing, even when only 40% of the load is elastic and the service delay is at most 6 hours. The savings increase to 32% under peak-based demand pricing and to 23% under a combination of time-of-use and demand pricing. Further, we show that almost all the energy cost savings can be achieved with no increase in the bandwidth cost of the IDS.