gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Effects of Freestream Pressure Gradient and Density Ratio on the Film Cooling Effectiveness of Round and Shaped Holes on a Flat Plate (2016)

The combined effects of a favorable, mainstream pressure gradient and coolant-to-mainstream density ratio have been investigated. Detailed film cooling effectiveness distributions have been obtained on a flat plate with either cylindrical (θ = 30 deg) or laidback, fan-shaped holes (θ = 30 deg and β = γ = 10 deg) using the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique. In a low-speed wind tunnel, both nonaccelerating and accelerating flows were considered, while the density ratio varied from 1 to 4. In addition, the effect of blowing ratio was considered, with this ratio varying from 0.5 to 1.5. The film produced by the shaped hole outperformed the round hole under the presence of a favorable pressure gradient for all the blowing and density ratios. At the lowest blowing ratio, in the absence of freestream acceleration, the round holes outperformed the shaped holes. However, as the blowing ratio increases, the shaped holes prevent lift-off of the coolant and offer enhanced protection. The effectiveness afforded by both the cylindrical and shaped holes, with and without freestream acceleration, increased with density ratio.
Myeloid Dendritic Cells Can Kill T Cells During Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2013)

Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells that regulate specific T-cell responses. Here we studied the ability of mDCs to kill T cells during HCV infection. We found that mDCs from chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients expressed upregulated levels of two inhibitory ligands, Fas ligand and the ligand 2 of PD-1 (PD-L2), compared to healthy mDCs. However, their expression of the ligand 1 of PD-1 (PD-L1), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), and B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) on the cell surface was comparable to healthy mDCs. CHC patient mDCs had cytotoxic effects on autologous patient T cells and allogeneic healthy T cells. CHC patient T cells had increased expression of PD-1 compared to healthy T cells. These results indicate that the cytotoxic activity of mDCs is upregulated to kill T cells during chronic HCV infection, which represents a novel mechanism of HCV immune evasion.
Dante II: Technical Description, Results, and Lessons Learned (1999)

Dante II is a unique walking robot that provides important insight into high-mobility robotic locomotion and remote robotic exploration. Dante II’s uniqueness stems from its combined legged and rappelling mobility system, its scanning-laser rangefinder, and its multilevel control scheme. In 1994 Dante II was deployed and successfully tested in a remote Alaskan volcano, as a demonstration of the fieldworthiness of these technologies. For more than five days the robot explored alone in the volcano crater using a combination of supervised autonomous control and teleoperated control. Human operators were located 120 km distant during the mission. This article first describes in detail the robot, support systems, control techniques, and user interfaces. We then describe results from the battery of field tests leading up to and including the volcanic mission. Finally, we put forth important lessons which comprise the legacy of this project. We show that framewalkers are appropriate for rappelling in severe terrain, though tether systems have limitations. We also discuss the importance of future “autonomous” systems to realize when they require human support rather than relying on humans for constant oversight.
A Low Complexity Spatial Localization System (1997)

A low complexity procedure intended to approximate the directional cues of natural listening situations is described. The procedure accepts a monophonic (single channel) input signal and a set of parameters which specify the orientation and motion of a simulated sound source relative to the listener. The resulting stereo (two channel) output signal is appropriate for use with headphones or a cross talk compensated loudspeaker system. The approach is suited for use in personal computer systems with limited computational resources.
Distributed Electrode Mach-Zehnder Modulator with Double-Pass Phase Shifters and Integrated Inductors (2014)

A novel high-speed Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) fully integrated into a 90 nm CMOS process is presented. The MZM features ‘double-pass’ optical phase shifter segments, and the first use of integrated inductors in a ‘velocity-matched’ distributed-electrode configuration.
Hematologic and hemostatic changes induced by different columns during LDL apheresis (2010)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is a long-term treatment and its impact on risk factors other than lipoproteins could be of importance. Three patients with familial hypercholesterolemia participated in six consecutive treatments with three different LDL apheresis columns in random order: DL-75, LA-15, and EC-50W. We compared treatment effects on hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, fibrinogen, thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and homocysteine. Hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets decreased significantly with DL-75 (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin and leukocytes increased significantly with LA-15 and EC-50W (P < 0.05). Platelets were unchanged. The DL-75 column was statistically different from LA-15 and EC-50W regarding these parameters. With the columns DL-75, LA-15, and EC-50W fibrinogen decreased significantly by 28%, 32%, and 42%, PAI-1 decreased significantly by 72%, 58%, and 30% while TAT increased significantly by 138%, 3%, and 251%, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). When comparing the columns there were significant differences between all of them regarding fibrinogen, no differences regarding TAT and a difference between DL-75 and EC-50W regarding PAI-1. With the columns DL-75, LA-15 and EC-50W homocysteine decreased 22%, 9%, and 13%, respectively, but there were no inter column differences. In conclusion, the three LDL apheresis columns affected important hematological and hemostatic risk factors differently.
MON-294 T2 MRI Signal Analysis of The Pituitary Gland Is Efficient in the Diagnosis of Acromegaly Due to GHRH Ectopic Secretion (2020)

Abstract Less than 1% of cases of acromegaly are secondary to ectopic secretion of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH), usually from a neuroendocrine tumor. Symptoms of ectopic acromegaly did not differ from classical acromegaly from pituitary origin. GH and IGF 1 values are in the same range. GHRH measurement only could make the correct diagnosis but is not routinely proposed in acromegaly. MRI of the pituitary gland is considered not very effective in ectopic acromegaly. In the literature (1), different patterns are described: pituitary enlargement (46%), adenoma (30%), empty sella (2%) or normal (20%). But T2MRI signal of the pituitary is never mentioned nor illustrated. Finally, in about 30 % of published cases, pituitary surgery, of course inefficient, was performed. These data enhance the poor contribution of imaging studies in the published cases of ectopic acromegaly. We have been able to obtain and read MRIs and particularly T2WI of 27 acromegalic patients- 20 female, 7 male- due to GHRH hypersecretion from a neuroendocrine tumor –principally bronchial carcinoid and pancreatic NET- which have been published or not. Remarquably, T2 sequences were available in only 27/61 cases we have collected. In all these 27 cases but two, the T2 signal was clearly hypointense if compared with the brain cortex, as it has been described in densely granulomated somatotropinomas (2). In one case with T2 hyperintensity, the pituitary mass presented the same imaging characters as multiple brain metastases from a bronchial carcinoïd. In one case, T2 signal was isointense. In 3 cases, tiny millimetric T2 hyperintense images were disseminated within pituitary hyperplasia. In several cases where pituitary MRI was considered as normal, correlation of the patient’age with pituitary size could make suspect an enlarged gland. In a case labeled empty sella, T2MRI signal of the pituitary remnant was hypointense. When coupling T2 and T1 gadolinium enhanced sequences, no pituitary adenoma was visualized and normal pituitary tissue was never identified along with pituitary hyperplasia. In conclusion, T2 MRI hypointense signal of the pituitary gland is a better hallmark than pituitary hyperplasia for the diagnosis of acromegaly due to GHRH ectopic secretion. Analysis of T2 MR signal in these cases is essential to avoid unnecessary interventions to the pituitary. References 1 Ghazi A Endocrine 2013 2 Potorac J Endocr Relat Cancer 2015
Hydrogen Sulfide Lowers Proliferation and Induces Protective Autophagy in Colon Epithelial Cells (2012)

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a gaseous bacterial metabolite that reaches high levels in the large intestine. In the present study, the effect of H(2)S on the proliferation of normal and cancerous colon epithelial cells was investigated. An immortalized colon epithelial cell line (YAMC) and a panel of colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, SW1116, HCT116) were exposed to H(2)S at concentrations similar to those found in the human colon. H(2)S inhibited normal and cancerous colon epithelial cell proliferation as measured by MTT assay. The anti-mitogenic effect of H(2)S was accompanied by G(1)-phase cell cycle arrest and the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip). Moreover, exposure to H(2)S led to features characteristic of autophagy, including increased formation of LC3B(+) autophagic vacuoles and acidic vesicular organelles as determined by immunofluorescence and acridine orange staining, respectively. Abolition of autophagy by RNA interference targeting Vps34 or Atg7 enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of H(2)S. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that H(2)S stimulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibited the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6 kinase. Inhibition of AMPK significantly reversed H(2)S-induced autophagy and inhibition of cell proliferation. Collectively, we demonstrate that H(2)S inhibits colon epithelial cell proliferation and induces protective autophagy via the AMPK pathway.
UAV Placement for Enhanced Connectivity in wireless Ad-hoc Networks (2004)

Abstract — In this paper we address the problem of providing full connectivity in large (wide area) ad hoc networks by placing advantaged nodes like UAVs (as relay nodes) in appropriate places. We provide a formulation where we can treat the connectivity problem as a clustering problem with a summation-form distortion function. We then adapt the Deterministic Annealing clustering algorithm to our formulation and using that we find the minimum number of UAVs required to provide connectivity and their locations. Furthermore, we describe enhancements that can be used to extend the basic connectivity problem to support notions of reliable connectivity that can lead to improved network performance. We establish the validity of our algorithm and compare its performance with optimal (exhaustive search) as well as non-opitmal (hard clustering) algorithms. We show that our algorithm is nearoptimal both for the basic connectivity problem as well as extended notions of connectivity.
<title>Two different ways for waveguides and optoelectronics components on top of C-MOS</title> (2006)

While fabrication of photonic components at the wafer level is a long standing goal of integrated optics, new applications such as optical interconnects are introducing new challenges for waveguides and optoelectronic component fabrication. Indeed, global interconnects are expected to face severe limitations in the near future. To face this problem, optical links on top of a CMOS circuits could be an alternative. The critical points to perform an optical link on a chip are firstly the realization of compact passive optical distribution and secondly the report of optoelectronic components for the sources and detectors. This paper presents two different approaches for the integration of both waveguides and optoelectronic components. In a first "total bonding" approach, waveguides have been elaborated using classical "Silicon On Insulators" technology and then reported using molecular bonding on top off Si wafers. The S0I substrate was then chemically etched, after what InP dies were moleculary bonded on top of the waveguides. With this approach, optical components with low loses and a good equilibrium are demonsrated. Using molecular bonding, InP dies were reported with no degradation of the optoelectronic properties of the films. In a second approach, using PECVD silicon nitride or amorphous silicon coupled to PECVD silicon oxide, basic optical components are demonstrated. This low temperature technology is compatible with a microelectronic Back End process, allowing an integration of the waveguides directly on top of CMOS circuits. InP dies can then be bonded on top of the waveguides.
FTIR Study of the Changes in Orientation and Chemistry of Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Cadmium Arachidate during the Formation of Q-State CdS Particles (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFTIR Study of the Changes in Orientation and Chemistry of Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Cadmium Arachidate during the Formation of Q-State CdS ParticlesRobert S. Urquhart, Catherine L. Hoffmann, D. Neil Furlong, Norman J. Geddes, John F. Rabolt, and Franz GrieserCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 43, 15987–15992Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100043a044https://doi.org/10.1021/j100043a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Merging unit accuracy testing (2009)

Digital devices are controlling, protecting and monitoring increasing numbers of electric power systems. One such device that delivers needed measurements is the merging unit (MU). The function of an MU is to merge different types of measurements in one device and generate a digital data stream from measured values, which can then serve as an input signal, e.g. for a protective relay. Apart from communication, its accuracy of parameter capture is another of this device's features and is instrumental in controlling other devices. The authors propose a test procedure, which enables testing a merging unit under differing conditions, and discuss the test stand itself, its construction and functionality, test scenarios, the method of analysis and the results.
Spiking Neural Network Linear Equalization: Experimental Demonstration of 2km 100Gb/s IM/DD PAM4 Optical Transmission (2023)

A linear feed-forward equalizer is implemented by a potentially low-power spiking neural network. For a 100Gb/s PAM-4 IM/DD optical 2km transmission, no performance penalty compared to a digital implementation is observed.
MultiGigabit millimeter wave communication: System concepts and challenges (2008)

The millimeter wave band from 60-95 GHz offers large swathes of unlicensed and semi-unlicensed spectrum, which may well form the basis for the next revolution in wireless communication, in which wireless catches up with wires.With the rapid scaling of silicon processes, low-cost implementations for radio frequency front-ends are on the horizon. A key challenge now is to parlay these breakthroughs into innovative system concepts. We review three such concepts here.Millimeter wave MIMO: The small carrier wavelength enables spatial multiplexing in line-of-sight environments, potentially resulting in point-to-point outdoor wireless links at optical speeds (40 Gbps) using bandwidths of the order of 5 GHz. Directional multihop networking: Indoor Gigabit wireless links based on 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum are subject to disruption due to line-of-sight blockage by obstacles such as furniture and humans. We show that a multihop architecture with a small number of relays assures full network connectivity. All-digital multiGigabit baseband: Since high-speed analog-to- digital conversion (ADC) is costly and power-hungry, in order to design all-digital baseband processing that can be implemented inexpensively by riding Moore's law, we must be able to perform signal processing with sloppy ADC. We discuss Shannon-theoretic limits and signal processing challenges in this context.
Environmental Stability of Plasmonic Biosensors Based on Natural versus Artificial Antibody (2018)

Plasmonic biosensors based on the refractive index sensitivity of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are considered to be highly promising for on-chip and point-of-care biodiagnostics. However, most of the current plasmonic biosensors employ natural antibodies as biorecognition elements, which can easily lose their biorecognition ability upon exposure to environmental stressors (e.g., temperature and humidity). Plasmonic biosensors relying on molecular imprints as recognition elements (artificial antibodies) are hypothesized to be an attractive alternative for applications in resource-limited settings due to their excellent thermal, chemical, and environmental stability. In this work, we provide a comprehensive comparison of the stability of plasmonic biosensors based on natural and artificial antibodies. Although the natural antibody-based plasmonic biosensors exhibit superior sensitivity, their stability (temporal, thermal, and chemical) was found to be vastly inferior to those based on artificial antibodies. Our results convincingly demonstrate that these novel classes of artificial antibody-based plasmonic biosensors are highly attractive for point-of-care and resource-limited conditions where tight control over transport, storage, and handling conditions is not possible.
Spin alignment measurements of theK*0(892)andϕ(1020)vector mesons in heavy ion collisions atsNN=200GeV (2008)

We present the first spin alignment measurements for the ${K}^{*0}(892)$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}(1020)$ vector mesons produced at midrapidity with transverse momenta up to 5 GeV/$c$ at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV at RHIC. The diagonal spin-density matrix elements with respect to the reaction plane in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions are ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{00}=0.32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ (stat) \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.09 (syst) for the ${K}^{*0}$ ($0.8&lt;{p}_{T}&lt;5.0$ GeV/$c$) and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{00}=0.34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ (stat) \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.03 (syst) for the $\ensuremath{\phi}$ ($0.4&lt;{p}_{T}&lt;5.0$ GeV/$c$) and are constant with transverse momentum and collision centrality. The data are consistent with the unpolarized expectation of 1/3 and thus no evidence is found for the transfer of the orbital angular momentum of the colliding system to the vector-meson spins. Spin alignments for ${K}^{*0}$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}$ in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions were also measured with respect to the particle's production plane. The $\ensuremath{\phi}$ result, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{00}=0.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ (stat) \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.04 (syst), is consistent with that in $p+p$ collisions, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{00}=0.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ (stat) \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.06 (syst), also measured in this work. The measurements thus constrain the possible size of polarization phenomena in the production dynamics of vector mesons.
Reaction of the desulfoferrodoxin from Desulfoarculus baarsii with superoxide anion. Evidence for a superoxide reductase activity (2014)

Desulfoferrodoxin is a small protein found in sulfate-reducing bacteria that contains two independent mononuclear iron centers, one ferric and one ferrous. Expression of desulfoferrodoxin from Desulfoarculus baarsii has been reported to functionally complement a superoxide dismutase deficient Escherichia coli strain. To elucidate by which mechanism desulfoferrodoxin could substitute for superoxide dismutase in E. coli, we have purified the recombinant protein and studied its reactivity toward O-(2). Desulfoferrodoxin exhibited only a weak superoxide dismutase activity (20 units mg(-1)) that could hardly account for its antioxidant properties. UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy studies revealed that the ferrous center of desulfoferrodoxin could specifically and efficiently reduce O-(2), with a rate constant of 6-7 x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1). In addition, we showed that membrane and cytoplasmic E. coli protein extracts, using NADH and NADPH as electron donors, could reduce the O-(2) oxidized form of desulfoferrodoxin. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that desulfoferrodoxin behaves as a superoxide reductase enzyme and thus provide new insights into the biological mechanisms designed for protection from oxidative stresses.
Adaptive Diamond Turning for Micro-Structured Surfaces (2016)

In this paper, adaptive diamond turning (ADT) is proposed for micro-structured surfaces to obtain homogeneous surface quality without loss of efficiency. With consideration of the local shape variation of desired surfaces, the adaptation in feeding direction is to actively control motions along the x -axis to obtain constant scallop heights, whereas the adaptation in forwarding direction is to vary angular sampling intervals to obtain constant linearization errors. The basic principle of ADT is demonstrated, and unique features of the corresponding motions of the machine tool are detailed by numerical simulation. Two degree-of-freedoms fast tool servo or slow slide servo -based turning is strongly recommended to meet the requirements of the ADT method.
Mechanical Irritation Induces Neurogenic Inflammation in the Rat Urethra (1991)

A catheter was inserted into the urethral meatus of urethane-anaesthetized rats and rotated (30 rotations/minute) during a three minute period. One hour later, microvascular permeability in the distal urethra was evaluated by means of the Evans Blue leakage technique. Dye extravasation increased significantly (74 +/- 12 ng./mg. of wet tissue weight, p less than 0.05), as compared to control values (18 +/- 2 ng./mg.). The effect of catheterism was prevented by about 50% by systemic pretreatment with capsaicin performed in either adult or newborn rats, as well as by bilateral removal of pelvic ganglia. Furthermore, pretreatment with capsaicin of adult rats, combined to pelvic ganglionectomy, virtually abolished the inflammatory response produced by mechanical irritation of the urethra. These results indicate that: 1) the increase of vascular permeability produced by mechanical irritation is nerve-mediated, 2) capsaicin-sensitive afferents participate in the inflammatory process and 3) capsaicin-insensitive nerves, which pass through the pelvic ganglia, contribute to the overall response.