gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 93: In Vivo Two-photon Fluorescence Microscopy Reveals Disturbed Cerebral Capillary Blood Flow and Increased Susceptibility to Ischemic Insults in Diabetic Mice (2013)

Background: Diabetes imposes an increased risk of microvascular complications. The present study aims to evaluate if diabetes and its disturbances in brain blood microcirculation increases the susceptibility to brain ischemic insults. Methods and Results: Diabetes was induced by streptozocin in mice expressing green fluorescent protein in endothelial cells (Tie2-GFP mice). Four weeks later the diabetic mice were subjected to transient (20 min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) was applied to the brains of the mice, and blood flow was estimated in arteries, capillaries and veins in diabetic and control mice after the MCAO. We found a significant decrease in red blood cell (RBC) velocity in capillaries in diabetic mice (0.93 ± 0.11 mm/s, P &lt;0.001 versus control mice). Despite this no significant changes in regional blood flow was observed by simultaneously performed laser-Doppler flowmetry. Notably, we observed that a further decline in RBC velocity (0.62 ± 0.07 mm/s, P &lt;0.001 versus diabetic or ischemic mice) and capillary volume flux [(2.29 ± 0.27) × 10 -5 μl/s, P &lt;0.001 versus diabetic or ischemic mice] in diabetic-MCAO mice, indicating diabetes-aggravated brain ischemia-induced disturbance in cerebral capillary blood flow. Furthermore, our intravital TPLSM data demonstrated that brain capillary flow was more turbulent in diabetic-MCAO mice than in the other groups. Diabetic-MCAO mice also exhibited increased neurological deficit (3.36 ± 0.23, P &lt;0.01 versus MCAO mice), which was accompanied by exaggerated degradation of tight junction proteins and blunted CaMKII phosphorylation. Conclusions: The present data indicate that diabetic mice are more susceptible to disturbances of cerebral capillary blood flow and neurovascular defects during ischemic conditions.
ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF NEGATIVE T CELL COSTIMULATORY PATHWAYS IN CD4 AND CD8 MEDIATED ALLOIMMUNE RESPONSES IN VIVO (2004)

O42 Aims: Negative signals through cell surface molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 have been shown to play a critical role in down-modulating immune responses and maintaining peripheral tolerance. However, their role in alloimmune responses remains unknown. This study examines the effects of these inhibitory pathways on alloreactive CD4 and CD8 T cells in a vascularized heart transplant model. Furthermore, we investigate the interplay between CD28 costimulatory signals and these inhibitory pathways in vivo. Methods: C57BL/6 wild-type, CD8, CD4, CD28, CD28/CD8 and CD28/CD4 deficient mice on the B6 background are used as recipients of BALB/c vascularized heart grafts. Recipients are treated with a blocking anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-L2 mAb (0.5 mg i.p. on day 0 and 0.25 mg i.p. on day 2,4,6,8 and 10 post transplant). Results: CTLA-4 blockade accelerates graft rejection in wild-type recipients (MST 6.3±0.5 days, n=6 compared to untreated group MST 8.9±1.6 days, n=7, p=0.001) and a proportion of CD4−/− recipients (rejection in 38% of treated mice within 40 days, n=6 versus untreated mice MST>130, n=5, p=0.04), but not in CD8−/− recipients. The same treatment leads to prompt rejection of heart allografts in CD28−/− (MST 11.1±4.4, n=8 vs. MST 17.7±3.1 days, n=6 in untreated group, p=0.023) and a proportion of CD28−/−CD4−/− mice (33% of mice within first 40 days, n=6 vs. MST>65 days, n=4 in control group, p=N.S.) without any effect on allograft survival in CD28−/−CD8−/− recipients. These results indicate that the B7-CTLA-4 pathway provides a critical negative signal to CD8+ T cells, particularly in the presence of CD28. In contrast, PD-1 blockade only leads to accelerated rejection of heart allografts in CD28−/− (MST 11.1±3.6 days, n=9, p=0.017) and CD28−/−CD8−/− recipients (MST 14.2±3, n=6, p=0.0015 compared to MST 122, n=8 in controls) with no apparent effect in all other recipients. Finally, PD-L1 blockade leads not only to accelerated rejection in CD28−/− (MST 7.2±0.8, n=6, p=0.0008) and CD28−/−CD8−/− recipients (MST 9.3±0.7, n=6, p<0.001), but also in wild-type mice (MST 6.5±0.5, n=6, p=0.0017) and in CD28−/−CD4−/− recipients (MST 20±2.8, n=6, p=0.003). These data indicate that PD-1:PDL-signaling mediates negative regulation of alloimmune responses affecting mainly CD4 T cells, especially in the absence of positive CD28 costimulation. Conclusions: Understanding the intricate balance of positive and negative T cell costimulatory signals in determining the fate of the alloimmune response will allow development of new strategies for therapeutic intervention in transplantation. We hypothesize that induction of reproducible tolerance will require blockade of positive and enhancement of negative costimulatory signals in vivo.
Bis(perfluorophenyl)azides: efficient crosslinking agents for deep-UV and electron beam lithography (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(perfluorophenyl)azides: efficient crosslinking agents for deep-UV and electron beam lithographySui Xiong Cai, J. C. Nabity, M. N. Wybourne, and John F. W. KeanaCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 6, 631–633Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00012a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Hybrid Nanosensor for TNT Vapor Detection (2009)

Real-time detection of trace chemicals, such as explosives, in a complex environment containing various interferents has been a difficult challenge. We describe here a hybrid nanosensor based on the electrochemical reduction of TNT and the interaction of the reduction products with conducting polymer nanojunctions in an ionic liquid. The sensor simultaneously measures the electrochemical current from the reduction of TNT and the conductance change of the polymer nanojunction caused from the reduction product. The hybrid detection mechanism, together with the unique selective preconcentration capability of the ionic liquid, provides a selective, fast, and sensitive detection of TNT. The sensor, in its current form, is capable of detecting parts-per-trillion level TNT in the presence of various interferents within a few minutes.
A 65nm low-power CMOS transceiver for 802.11n portable application (2008)

A low-power transceiver for 802.11n in 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. It supports 2times2 MIMO to satisfy the requirement of the draft 802.11n standard. In receiver chain it shows 5.3 dB low noise figure. In transmit chain an on-chip PA driver delivers 9 dBm output P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> . -20 to 100degC operation temperature is achieved. A SigmaDelta fractional-N synthesizer is used to support variable reference frequency when using the RF IC in different application. It consumes 35.5 mA for receiver chain and 77 mA for transmitter chain. All circuits in the presence are protected by LDO (low drop-output regulator) which isolate noise from each block and make easy-design in the future integration with digital circuits. The low power consumption, compactness and robustness make this transceiver suitable to integrate with digital base band circuits for variable portable application system.
Crystal Structures of Alfalfa Caffeoyl Coenzyme A 3-O-Methyltransferase (2005)

Caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferases (CCoAOMTs) are S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferases (OMTs) involved in lignin biosynthesis. Plant CCoAOMTs belong to a distinct family of OMTs, more closely related to the mammalian catechol OMTs than to other plant OMTs. The crystal structure of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) CCoAOMT in complex with the reaction products S-adenosine-l-homocysteine and feruloyl/sinapoyl CoAs presented here belong to a structurally and mechanistically distinct family of plant small molecule OMTs. These structures provide a new understanding of the substrate preferences and the catalytic mechanism accompanying CCoAOMT-mediated O-methylation of CoA-linked phenylpropanoid substrates.
Petrotoga olearia sp. nov. and Petrotoga sibirica sp. nov., two thermophilic bacteria isolated from a continental petroleum reservoir in Western Siberia. (2002)

Strictly anaerobic, thermophilic bacteria (strains SL24T, SL25T, SL27, SL29 and SL32) were isolated from a deep, continental oil reservoir in Western Siberia (Russia). These motile, rod-shaped organisms were surrounded by a sheath-like structure, a feature characteristic of the Thermotogales. On the basis of partial 16S rDNA sequences (500 nucleotides), strains SL25T, SL27, SL29 and SL32 were identical. Therefore, only strains SL24T and SL25T were studied in detail. The optimum temperature for growth of both strains was 55 degrees C. Their optimum pH for growth was 7.5 and their optimum NaCl concentration was between 20 and 30 g l(-1). The novel isolates reduced elemental sulfur and cystine, but not thiosulfate or sulfate, to hydrogen sulfide. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains SL24T and SL25T were respectively 35 and 33 mol%. Phylogenetically, both strains are most closely related to Petrotoga miotherma, there being 98.9-99.4% similarity between their 16S rDNA sequences. Phenotypic properties and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicate that the strains belong to two novel species, for which the names Petrotoga olearia (type strain SL24T = DSM 13574T = JCM 11234T) and Petrotoga sibirica (type strain SL25T= DSM 13575T = JCM 11235T) are proposed.
Rb–Raf-1 Interaction Disruptor RRD-251 Induces Apoptosis in Metastatic Melanoma Cells and Synergizes with Dacarbazine (2010)

Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive cancer with very low response rate against conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as dacarbazine (DTIC). Inhibitor of Rb-Raf-1 interaction RRD-251 was tested against the melanoma cell lines SK-MEL-28, SK-MEL-5, and SK-MEL-2. RRD-251 was found to be a potent inhibitor of melanoma cell proliferation, irrespective of V600E B-Raf mutation status of the cell lines. In a SK-MEL-28 xenograft experiment, RRD-251 exerted a significant suppression of tumor growth compared with vehicle (P = 0.003). Similar to in vitro effects, tumors from RRD-251-treated animals showed decreased Rb-Raf-1 interaction in vivo. Growth suppressive effects of RRD-251 were associated with induction of apoptosis as well as a G(1) arrest, with an accompanying decrease in S-phase cells. RRD-251 inhibited Rb phosphorylation and downregulated E2F1 protein levels in these cells. Real-time PCR analysis showed that RRD-251 caused downregulation of cell-cycle regulatory genes thymidylate synthase (TS) and cdc6 as well as the antiapoptotic gene Mcl-1. Combinatorial treatment of RRD-251 and DTIC resulted in a significantly higher apoptosis in DTIC resistant cell lines SK-MEL-28 and SK-MEL-5, as revealed by increased caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage. Because aberrant Rb/E2F pathway is associated with melanoma progression and resistance to apoptosis, these results suggest that the Rb-Raf-1 inhibitor could be an effective agent for melanoma treatment, either alone or in combination with DTIC.
The H.264 Video Coding Standard (2006)

The H.264 video coding standard, also known as MPEG AVC, represents the state of the art in video compression. This article provides an overview of the H.264 standard. To help the reader understand the similarities and differences between it and MPEG-2 (and other hybrid video coding standards), the author describes the H.264 features and compare them to functionally similar MPEG-2 features
Leveraging commercial wireless communications industry advances to lower the cost of phased arrays (2010)

The aerospace industry has successfully leveraged commercial personal communication RF components and manufacturing technology to reduce the cost of active phased array antenna at L and S-Band. This paper presents a brief overview of the design considerations for the development of low cost phased array architectures and manufacturing technology.
Multiple-quantum dynamics in solid state NMR (1985)

Recently developed solid state multiple-quantum NMR methods are applied to extended coupling networks, where direct dipole–dipole interactions can be used to create coherences of very high order (∼100). The progressive development of multiple-quantum coherence over time depends upon the formation of multiple-spin correlations, a phenomenon which also accompanies the normal decay to equilibrium of the free induction signal in a solid. Both the time development and the observed distributions of coherence can be approached statistically, with the spin system described by a time-dependent density operator whose elements are completely uncorrelated at sufficiently long times. With this point of view, we treat the distribution of coherence in a multiple-quantum spectrum as Gaussian, and characterize a spectrum obtained for a given preparation time by its variance. The variance of the distribution is associated roughly with the number of coupled spins effectively interacting, and its steady growth with time reflects the continual expansion of the system under the action of the dipolar interactions. The increase in effective system ‘‘size’’ is accounted for by a random walk model for the time development of the density operator. Experimental results are presented for hexamethylbenzene, adamantane, and squaric acid. The formation of coherence in systems containing physically isolated clusters is also investigated, and a simple method for estimating the number of spins involved is demonstrated.
Uncovering the Connection Between Low-Frequency Dynamics and Phase Transformation Phenomena in Molecular Solids (2018)

The low-frequency motions of molecules in the condensed phase have been shown to be vital to a large number of physical properties and processes. However, in the case of disordered systems, it is often difficult to elucidate the atomic-level details surrounding these phenomena. In this work, we have performed an extensive experimental and computational study on the molecular solid camphor, which exhibits a rich and complex structure-dynamics relationship, and undergoes an order-disorder transition near ambient conditions. The combination of x-ray diffraction, variable temperature and pressure terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, ab initio molecular dynamics, and periodic density functional theory calculations enables a complete picture of the phase transition to be obtained, inclusive of mechanistic, structural, and thermodynamic phenomena. Additionally, the low-frequency vibrations of a disordered solid are characterized for the first time with atomic-level precision, uncovering a clear link between such motions and the phase transformation. Overall, this combination of methods allows for significant details to be obtained for disordered solids and the associated transformations, providing a framework that can be directly applied for a wide range of similar systems.
Kinetic Growth of Self-Formed In2O3 Nanodots via Phase Segregation: Ni/InAs System (2011)

Highly compact In(2)O(3) nanodots with uniform size were synthesized by a novel approach via direct annealing of Ni/InAs samples at temperatures over 250 °C. The In(2)O(3) nanodots were formed by solid diffusion between nickel and indium arsenide (InAs) and phase segregation via a catalyst-assisted kinetic process. By controlling the annealing time and ambient conditions, the size and density of In(2)O(3) nanodots can be controlled. From photoluminescence (PL) measurements, two distinct peaks located at ∼430 and ∼850 nm, corresponding to 2.9 and 1.5 eV for In(2)O(3) nanodots, can be observed. The peaks originate from radioactive recombination centers such as oxygen vacancies or indium interstitials inside In(2)O(3) nanodots. The periodic array of Ni microdiscs with diameters and interdisc spacing of ∼5 and ∼10 μm on InAs substrate surface prepared by a photolithography process demonstrated the precise control of In(2)O(3) nanodots at a specific position. Applications for precisely locating optoelectronic nanodevices in combination with electronic nanodevices are envisioned.
Modification of Ziegler-Natta catalysts by cyclopentiadienyl-type ligands: Activation of titanium-based catalysts (1997)

Conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts, based on TiCl4 supported on MgCl2, were modified by substituting a part of the chlorides by cyclopentadienyl (and derivatives) ligands. Although these catalysts are very active (activities up to 105 g PE/g catalyst/h) they exhibit a conventional Ziegler-Natta behavior (methylaluminoxane is not necessary, polyethylene produced with a rather broad molar weight distribution, low sensitivity to hydrogen). It was attributed to cluster effects: an increase of the number of conventional TiCl4 active sites by adding cyclopentadienyl ligands on titanium neighbors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2281–2288, 1997
Optimum DC Bus Voltage Analysis and Calculation Method for Inverters/Motors With Variable DC Bus Voltage (2013)

In this paper, an online method to calculate the optimum dc bus voltage for motors and inverters with variable dc bus voltages is proposed. The required dc bus voltage in the low-speed region is much lower than that for the rated-speed region. As a result, the machine drive system efficiency can be improved with lower dc bus voltage since the switching losses in the inverter are reduced. To achieve both desired machine output torque and minimized losses simultaneously, an optimum dc bus voltage is required. However, machine parameter estimation errors and spatial harmonics in the machine result in calculation errors for the required dc bus voltage. A voltage disturbance state filter (VDSF), which is formed by a Luenburger-style closed-loop stator current vector observer with voltage command feedforward, is used to mitigate the calculation errors. Voltage errors caused by the parameter deviations and machine spatial harmonics will inherently be estimated by the observer's state feedback controller. Therefore, the calculation voltage error can be corrected by the VDSF's disturbance voltage so that the optimum dc bus voltage can be obtained.
Failure of immunocompetitive capillary electrophoresis assay to detect disease‐specific prion protein in buffy coat from humans and chimpanzees with Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (2003)

The emergence of a new environmentally caused variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), the result of food-born infection by the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), has stimulated research on a practical diagnostic screening test. The immunocompetitive capillary electrophoresis (ICCE) assay has been reported to detect disease-specific, proteinase-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in the blood of scrapie-infected sheep. We have applied this method to blood from CJD-infected chimpanzees and humans. The threshold of detection achieved with our ICCE was 0.6 nM of synthetic peptide corresponding to the prion protein (PrP) C-terminus, and 2 nM of recombinant human PrP at the optimized conditions. However, the test was unable to distinguish between extracts of leucocytes from healthy and CJD-infected chimpanzees, and from healthy human donors and patients affected with various forms of CJD. Thus, the ICCE assay as presently performed is not suitable for use as a screening test in human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).
15 Gb/s Transmission with Wide-FSR Carrier Injection Ring Modulator for Tb/s Optical Links (2016)

A ring modulator with 22nm free spectral range is modulated and demonstrates an open eye diagram at 15Gb/s. This enables high channel counts towards Terabit per second bandwidth for optical data links using this device architecture.
Hardness and crack behavior of compressed borate glasses (2012)

Pressure-induced changes in hardness and crack initiation load of three borate glasses of composition xNa2O-10CaO-90-xB2O3 with x = 5, 15, 25 were studied. Each glass series was pre-treated by isostatic compression at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 kbar to increase the fraction of tetrahedral boron and to decrease the molar volume and the ionic porosity of the glass network. Hardness H and crack resistance of the compressed glasses were determined from the size of the plastic deformation zone and the number of radial cracks initiated by Vickers indentation at 100 - 1500 mN load, respectively. Brittleness B as a measure of the resistance to permanent deformation and crack propagation was derived from the indent size to crack length ratio (Sehgal &amp; Ito) and the hardness to fracture toughness ratio (Lawn &amp; Marshall) using elastic constants from Brillouin scattering and empirical relationships between stress intensity and the driving force for cracking (Anstis and Niihara factors). The results show pressure history induced changes in H and B as well as a strong compositional dependence in the mechanical response of the three glasses to sharp contact loading with a Vickers diamond.
pH measurements in 16-nL-volume solutions using terahertz chemical microscopy (2018)

Terahertz chemical microscopy has been developed for measuring the pH of a solution using only a small volume. The microsolution wells were fabricated on the surface of the sensing plate using a conventional photolithograph technique. Because the pH value can be calculated from the amplitude of a terahertz wave directly radiated from a sensing plate by a femtosecond laser irradiation, this method does not require any reference electrode in the solution. Thus, pH measurement can be achieved with a volume as small as 16 nL.
A verification methodology for a wireless body sensor network functionality (2014)

Modern healthcare systems benefit from the phenomenal advances that continue to be made in ICT. These advances have resulted in the development of several technologies that have become fundamental parts of electronic healthcare systems such as wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs). WBSNs integrate wearable and implanted devices with wireless communication and information processing systems to monitor the well-being of an individual. Testing and verification of WBSNs are of paramount importance as faults in these critical systems may lead to loss of life. In this paper, we propose a framework to verify the functionality of WBSN healthcare system using formal methods. We adopted a practical WBSN design, and provided a model for its behavior, then defined several properties for its correct operation, and finally we used theorem proving method to show that the proposed design correctly implements the required properties.