gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Past, Present and Future of the Dialyzer (2015)

Several types of dialysis membranes have been developed in the history of hemodialysis therapy. Regenerated cellulose had been widely used for a long time, since the beginning of dialysis therapy. Regenerated cellulose is strongly hydrophilic, which enables lower membrane thickness and miniaturization of the dialyzer. The cellulose triacetate membrane has greater performance because of the lower thickness of the membrane and its lack of swelling due to high hydrophobicity. Many types of synthetic membranes, such as polysulfone, polyethersulfone and polyester polymer alloy membranes, have asymmetrical structures. Dialyzers with these membranes show higher capacities for water and solute transport because the actual membrane thickness, which is related to the water and solute transfer resistance, is quite small compared to that in membranes with homogeneous structures. The development of highly biocompatible membranes will be required in the future so as to prevent the development of adverse reactions and related complications. The performance of a dialyzer depends not only on the membrane permeability but also on the flow conditions of the blood and dialysate. Many types of dialyzers with high-performance membranes have been developed as a result of advances in membrane and device technologies. Recently, many types of high-flux dialyzers with high-performance membranes with a high internal filtration (IF)/backfiltration (BF) flow rate have been introduced. IF-enhanced hemodialysis using an enhanced IF dialyzer seems to be more convenient than hemodiafiltration therapy because it requires no additional equipment, such as a roller pump. In the near future, dialyzers should be developed with high capacities for the removal of low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWPs) related to complications and with low capacities for the loss of albumin and amino acid. Dialyzers with a sharp cut-off membrane between LMWPs and albumin and dialyzers with a special function, i.e., an adsorptive property for some LMWPs, are required. In addition, dialyzers with biocompatible membranes are necessary to prevent severe adverse reactions, although the causal relationship between these reactions and some complications are yet to be clarified.
Robust Colloidal Synthesis of Palladium–Gold Alloy Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Sensing (2021)

Metal nanoparticles are currently used in a variety of applications, ranging from life sciences to nanoelectronic devices to gas sensors. In particular, the use of palladium nanoparticles is gaining increasing attention due to their ability to catalyze the rapid dissociation of hydrogen, which leads to an excellent response in hydrogen-sensing applications. However, current palladium-nanoparticle-based sensors are hindered by the presence of hysteresis upon hydride formation and decomposition, as this hysteresis limits sensor accuracy. Here, we present a robust colloidal synthesis for palladium-gold alloy nanoparticles and demonstrate their hysteresis-free response when used for hydrogen detection. The obtained colloidal particles, synthesized in an aqueous, room-temperature environment, can be tailored to a variety of applications through changing the size, ratio of metals, and surface stabilization. In particular, the variation of the viscosity of the mixture during synthesis resulted in a highly tunable size distribution and contributed to a significant improvement in size dispersity compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Modeling of the effect of intentionally introduced traps on hole transport in single-crystal rubrene (2014)

Defects have been intentionally introduced in a rubrene single crystal by means of two different mechanisms: ultraviolet ozone (UVO) exposure and x-ray irradiation. A complete drift-diffusion model based on the mobility edge (ME) concept, which takes into account asymmetries and nonuniformities in the semiconductor, is used to estimate the energetic and spatial distribution of trap states. The trap distribution for pristine devices can be decomposed into two well defined regions: a shallow region ascribed to structural disorder and a deeper region ascribed to defects. UVO and x ray increase the hole trap concentration in the semiconductor with different energetic and spatial signatures. The former creates traps near the top surface in the 0.3--0.4 eV region, while the latter induces a wider distribution of traps extending from the band edge with a spatial distribution that peaks near the top and bottom interfaces. In addition to inducing hole trap states in the transport gap, both processes are shown to reduce the mobility with respect to a pristine crystal.
Formation of High Quality Pure Aluminum Films by Low Kinetic Energy Particle Bombardment (1990)

Low kinetic energy particle process in which the surface of the sputter‐deposited thin film is concurrently bombarded with low energy ions during the entire period of film growth has been established by employing a newly developed RF‐dc coupled mode bias sputtering technology. Applying this process to pure aluminum metallization, various improvements in the properties of aluminum thin films have been achieved, i.e., the crystallinity enhancement as well as excellent surface smoothness has been realized. Furthermore, hillock‐free aluminum thin films have been also obtained by this process, which is of paramount importance in realizing reliable multilevel interconnection scheme for ultralarge scale integrated circuits.
Tolerance to nonlinearity of 40 Gb/s BPSK-based coherent solution over legacy systems based on non-zero dispersion-shifted fibers (2011)

We experimentally assess the performance of coherent PDM BPSK at 40Gb/s over non zero dispersion shifted fiber. The BPSK based solution is found about 7.5dB more robust than the QPSK based solution against cross nonlinearities induced by 10Gb/s neighbor channels.
Broadband Anisotropic Metamaterials for Antenna Applications (2017)

This chapter presents the recent progress on advanced antenna designs by incorporating wideband and low- loss metamaterials (MMs) with custom engineered anisotropic electromagnetic properties. It outlines the ultra-thin anisotropic MM coating, which enhances the impedance bandwidth of a monopole to over an octave while simultaneously preserving the desirable radiation pattern properties. The chapter discusses the static broadband anisotropic MM lenses for controlling radiation patterns of antennas. It also presents several application examples of broadband anisotropic MMs for improving performance of microwave antennas. These include the design of an ultra-thin anisotropic MM coating for bandwidth extension of monopole antennas, single-polarization and dual-polarization anisotropic zero-index metamaterials (AZIM) lenses for achieving unidirectional radiation, multibeam AZIM lenses for generating multiple highly directive beams along with extended impedance bandwidth, and a tunable AZIM lens for reconfigurable beam steering. The chapter verifies the MM coating designs by both full-wave simulations and experimental results when integrated with a monopole.
ChemInform Abstract: BILAYER INDUCED DIASTEREOMERIC KINETIC DIFFERENTIATION (1983)

Abstract Während das Verhältnis der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der thermischen Zersetzung von meso‐ zu rac.‐Form der Diazendisäure (IIb) in Chlorbenzol nur 1.5 beträgt, ergibt sich in Phosphatidylcholin‐ Doppelschichten ein Wert von 6.2, was mit unterschiedlich strukturbestimmenden Ein‐ flüssen der Doppelschicht auf beide Formen von (IIb) erklärt wird.
Advanced Multivariable Fiber Orientation Control and Twist Optimization (2011)

Fiber orientation is an important sheet property that needs to be maintained within quality specifications. Failing to do so can result in twist, stress, and printability problems in paper and board manufacturing. Measuring and controlling fiber orientation online can provide the paper maker significant reductions in lost production. A CD controller needs modifications before it can be used to control fiber orientation since a different spatial process model is required. This paper covers modeling and control of fiber orientation with mill results from a multilayer
Comparison of metal‐bound and unbound structures of aminopeptidase B proteins from Escherichia coli and Yersinia pestis (2020)

Protein degradation by aminopeptidases is involved in bacterial responses to stress. Escherichia coli produces two metal-dependent M17 family leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs), aminopeptidase A (PepA) and aminopeptidase B (PepB). Several structures have been solved for PepA as well as other bacterial M17 peptidases. Herein, we report the first structures of a PepB M17 peptidase. The E. coli PepB protein structure was determined at a resolution of 2.05 and 2.6 Å. One structure has both Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> , while the second structure has two Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions bound to the active site. A 2.75 Å apo structure is also reported for PepB from Yersinia pestis. Both proteins form homohexamers, similar to the overall arrangement of PepA and other M17 peptidases. However, the divergent N-terminal domain in PepB is much larger resulting in a tertiary structure that is more expanded. Modeling of a dipeptide substrate into the C-terminal LAP domain reveals contacts that account for PepB to uniquely cleave after aspartate.
A Potent and Highly Selective Sulfotransferase Inhibitor (2002)

In the present work, we have used a newly developed, fluorescence-based assay to screen a library of >30 000 compounds as potential beta-arylsulfotransferase-IV inhibitors. A total of 11 inhibitors were discovered. Most of the compounds discovered showed low micromolar inhibition, but one of the compounds showed potent inhibition (Ki = 96 nM). The most potent of these inhibitors was tested against a variety of other purine binding enzymes and showed remarkable specificity.
Phase I study of the safety and biological activity of intraperitoneal IL-12 plasmid formulated with PEG-PEI-cholesterol lipopolymer administered in combination with standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. (2016)

TPS5605 Background: This phase 1 study (NCT02480374) evaluates the use of weekly intraperitoneal GEN-1, an IL-12 plasmid formulated with PEG-PEI-cholesterol lipopolymer in combination with dose-dense weekly taxane and carboplatinum (T/C) every three weeks in newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal (EOC) cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy (NAC). Previous phase I study in platinum-sensitive EOC patients (n = 13) with escalating GEN-1 doses to 24 mg/m2 in combination T/C had an anti-tumor response of 17% complete response, 33% partial response and 42% stable disease (Anwer K. Gynecol Oncol. 2013 Oct;131(1):169-73). The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the tolerability and safety of GEN-1 with NAC in order to proceed with a phase 2 study. Secondary objectives are progression-free survival, pathological complete response, and response by CA-125. Translational research objectives include measuring levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF, determining the density of a wide range of immune activating and immune suppressing cells, and a comprehensive mRNA transcript panel for gene expression profile in the peritoneal cavity. Methods: Patient eligibility criteria: Females age > 18 years with newly diagnosed epithelial EOC not amenable to primary cytoreduction. Patients must not be on chronic steroids and have adequate renal, bone marrow, hepatic and neurologic functions. This protocol is a standard 3+3 design with a planned sample size up to 30 patients. Patients will receive GEN-1 at escalating dose levels from 36 mg/m2, 47 mg/m2, 61 mg/m2, 79 mg/m2, to 103 mg/m2 weekly for 8 treatments with concurrent T/C. After interval debulking patients do not receive further GEN-1 but continue on T/C. Patients are assessed for dose limiting toxicities and have tumor samples at time of diagnostic laparoscopy and interval debulking. After completion of therapy, patients are followed for every 3 months 2 years. As of January 31, 2016, 2 patients have completed dose level 1 and study enrollment continues. Clinical trial information: NCT02480374.
Adaptive Spatial Compounding for Needle Visualization (2011)

In this paper, we have proposed an adaptive tensor-analysis based spatial compounding method to enhance the needle visualization. In-vitro study has proved that the needle CNR has been improved from 0.78 to 4.58 without introducing significant artifacts. Meanwhile, no manual adjustments are needed during the procedure since the proposed method can enhance the needle with a big range of insertion angles under the same configuration. We believe the proposed method could be useful in the real-time guidance of needle insertion.
Borehole Calibration of the High Frequencies Filtering and Attenuation in the Paris Basin (2002)

It is possible to widen the frequency content of the seismic by using vibrators which&lt;br&gt;are designed to generate sweeps up to 200 Hz. Emitting these high frequencies therefore&lt;br&gt;comes into conflict with the limitation imposed by their filtering at the surface (array,&lt;br&gt;weathered zone) and their attenuation as they propagate into the subsurface.
Inverse occlusion, a binocularly motivated treatment for amblyopia (2019)

Recent laboratory finding suggest that short-term patching the amblyopic eye (i.e., inverse occlusion) results in a larger and more sustained improvement in the binocular balance compared with normal controls. In this study, we investigate the cumulative effects of the short-term inverse occlusion in adults and old children with amblyopia. A prospective cohort study of 18 amblyopes (10-35 years old; 3 with strabismus) who have been subjected to 2 hours/day of inverse occlusion for 2 months. Patients who required refractive correction or whose refractive correction needed updating were given a 2-month period of refractive adaptation. The primary outcome measure was the binocular balance which was measured using a phase combination task, the secondary outcome measures were the best corrected visual acuity which was measured with a Tumbling E acuity chart and convert to logMAR units and the stereo acuity which was measured with the Random-dot preschool stereotest. The averaged binocular gain was 0.11 in terms of the effective contrast ratio (z = -2.344, p = 0.019, 2-tailed Related samples Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test). The average acuity gain was 0.14 logMAR equivalent (t(17) = 0.13, p
Serverless FPGA: Work-In-Progress (2023)

In this short paper we investigate the combination of two emerging technologies: the tight provisioning requirements of Serverless computing and the acceleration potential of FPGAs. Serverless platforms suffer from container overheads, notably cold start latency, while having to adapt to Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) workloads. By exploring re-configurability of FPGAs and their acceleration power, we propose an innovative light-weight Serverless platform for FPGA-based FaaS applications which aims to reduce these overheads. In this study, we explore the feasibility of the idea by implementing key elements of such platform onto the FPGA. Our initial results show potential for acceleration in all aspects of function invocation.
Topological phase transition in a magnetic Weyl semimetal (2021)

Topological Weyl semimetals (TWSs) are exotic crystals possessing emergent relativistic Weyl fermions connected by unique surface Fermi arcs (SFAs) in their electronic structures. To realize the TWS state, certain symmetries (such as the inversion or time reversal symmetry) must be broken, leading to a topological phase transition (TPT). Despite the great importance in understanding the formation of TWSs and their unusual properties, direct observation of such a TPT has been challenging. Here, using a recently discovered magnetic TWS ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$, we were able to systematically study its TPT with detailed temperature dependence of the electronic structures by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The TPT with drastic band structure evolution was clearly observed across the Curie temperature $({T}_{\mathrm{C}}=177\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$, including the disappearance of the characteristic SFAs and the recombination of the spin-split bands that leads to the annihilation of Weyl points with opposite chirality. These results not only reveal important insights on the interplay between the magnetism and band topology in TWSs, but also provide a method to control their exotic physical properties.
aP2-specific inactivation of fatty acid transport protein 4 in mice sensitizes hepatic fibrogenesis under methionine and choline-deficient diet (2016)

Background/Aims: Fatty acid transport Protein 4 (FATP4) catalyzes activation of fatty acids into specific complex lipids, such as phospholipids and sphingolipids. It is known that FATP4 plays a major role in the skin by altering ceramide metabolism. We have previously shown that adipocyte-specific FATP4 deficiency (by using aP2-Cre FATP4KO mice) sensitizes with high-fat diet for an increase of body and adipose tissue weights concomitant with a manifestation of fatty liver. The latter could be due to an overspill of adipose fats or a presumed FATP4 effect on hepatic stellate cells and/or macrophages which are known to also express aP2. We therefore investigated the latter possibility by feeding aP2-Cre FATP4KO mice with methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diet which is a fatty liver model with severe fibrosis and inflammation. Methods: WT and aP2-Cre FATP4KO female mice at ˜12 months old were fed with MCD diet for 4 weeks. Functional assays included transaminases, qRT-PCR, Western blot, histology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Fabrication of large area two- and three-dimensional polymer photonic crystals using single refracting prism holographic lithography (2005)

We demonstrate an approach for easy fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal and three-dimensional (3D) face-centered-cubic (fcc)-type photonic crystal (PhC) microstructures in a photosensitive polymer by applying a simple single refracting prism. This prism enables the splitting and recombining of a single incoming laser beam to form multiple-beam interference pattern simultaneously. Thus, antivibration equipment and complicated optical alignment system are not required, leading to a much more simple optical setup than previously reported laser holographic lithography techniques. Large-scale (over 1cm2) 2D hexagonal and 3D fcc-type PhCs have been produced. Reflection/transmission measurements performed on the fabricated 3D fcc-type PhC structures agree well with the corresponding band structure calculation.
Abstract 18522: Exome Chip Analysis From the CASPER Registry Highlights Potential Genetic Variant Associated With Unexplained Cardiac Arrest (2014)

Introduction: The genetics of unexplained cardiac arrest (UCA) remains largely elusive. We sought to identify genetic variants linked to UCA in a case-control genetic association study. Methods: Cases are UCA probands from the Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry (CASPER), which included individuals with a history of UCA or sudden cardiac death (SCD) with normal autopsy. Exclusion criteria were coronary/structural heart diseases, or a baseline ECG with type I Brugada or prolonged QTc (males>460ms, females>480ms). Controls were individuals without coronary/structural heart diseases, ventricular arrhythmia or family history of SCD, from the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank. We performed exome-wide genotyping using the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip (>250,000 mostly coding markers). Each case was matched with 3 controls from a 3139 individuals dataset using identity-by-descent. Association analysis was performed using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, controlling for sex. We validated genotyping of most significant variants using Sequenom technology. Results: After quality checks, we compared allele frequencies at 76157 polymorphic markers in 79 cases and 237 matched controls. Genotyping success rate was 99% in both groups. We identified 17 variants with P-values -4 , whereas we would have expected 7 under the null hypothesis of no association. This reflects an enrichment of variants associated with UCA. The strongest association with UCA risk was observed at a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in POLRMT . Minor allele frequency (MAF) in cases and controls was 0.048 and 0.011, respectively (p = 9.7x10 -7 , odds ratio = 5.0). MAF in controls was similar to those reported in Exome Sequence Project (0.014) and 1000 Genomes (0.007). POLRMT encodes a mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase. Interestingly, POLRMT is located next to HCN2 , which encodes an ion channel previously implicated in ventricular arrhythmia. Conclusion: In this case-control study from the CASPER registry, a SNP in POLMRT is strongly associated with UCA. Replication studies are ongoing. If the association is confirmed, the mechanism of arrhythmogenesis might involve deregulation of gene expression of a nearby ion channel gene.
Characterizing the Application of Design Ethnography Techniques to Improve Novice Human-Centered Design Processes. (2016)

Design is a central, distinguishing feature of engineering, requiring the development of technical solutions to societal problems. Successful design solutions must not only be technically sound, but also well-adapted to the context and culture in which they will be used. However, the most commonly used methods for eliciting and characterizing stakeholder preferences do not typically reveal critical stakeholder and contextual information. Through the studies described in this dissertation, I explore the use of design ethnography during front-end engineering design phases to capture both stakeholder preferences and contextual knowledge to inform engineering design decision making. Design ethnography is a set of primarily qualitative data collection and analysis techniques that have been adapted from the field of anthropology to augment the engineering design process. Studies from the fields of human-computer interaction and product development have demonstrated that design ethnography techniques are cost-effective and lead to more successful products. However, the design ethnography literature lacks critical understanding of the major barriers and factors that influence design ethnography success, methodologies for synthesizing and applying design ethnography data, best practices to engage with stakeholders, developmental trajectories of novice to expert skill acquisition, and case studies of how design ethnography has been implemented in diverse settings. The studies detailed in this dissertation employ a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research methods to address these gaps in the literature. Through this research, I have characterized novice design ethnography implementation strategies and identified internal and external factors that affect design ethnography execution; investigated correlations between information processing ability and the quality of product requirements developed; established a framework for evaluating and directing design ethnography stakeholder interviews; developed a case study within a global health design context; and interpreted the findings within a theoretically grounded model to represent novice to expert development. This body of work informs strategies and processes for engaging with stakeholders and understanding broader contexts in design work to improve design decision making within both design professional practice and engineering education.
Implementation of spec trum sensing platform for cognitive radio systems (2013)

In this paper, we introduce a spectrum sensing platform for cognitive radio systems. Using the implemented platform, performance of spectrum sensing methods could be evaluated in practical environment. In addition, it also supports flexible modification of sensing algorithm as well as GUI to control the platform and analyze sensing result.