gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergistic AML Cell Death Induction by Marine Cytotoxin (+)-1(R), 6(S), 1’(R), 6’(S), 11(R), 17(S)-Fistularin-3 and Bcl-2 Inhibitor Venetoclax (2018)

Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is still hindered by resistance and relapse, resulting in an overall poor survival rate. Recently, combining specific B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 inhibitors with compounds downregulating myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl)-1 has been proposed as a new effective strategy to eradicate resistant AML cells. We show here that 1(<i>R</i>), 6(<i>S</i>), 1'(<i>R</i>), 6'(<i>S</i>), 11(<i>R</i>), 17(<i>S</i>)-fistularin-3, a bromotyrosine compound of the fistularin family, isolated from the marine sponge <i>Suberea clavata</i>, synergizes with Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-199 to efficiently kill Mcl-1/Bcl-2-positive AML cell lines, associated with Mcl-1 downregulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress induction. The absolute configuration of carbons 11 and 17 of the fistularin-3 stereoisomer was fully resolved in this study for the first time, showing that the fistularin we isolated from the marine sponge <i>Subarea clavata</i> is in fact the (+)-11(<i>R</i>), 17(<i>S</i>)-fistularin-3 stereoisomer keeping the known configuration 1(<i>R</i>), 6(<i>S</i>), 1'(<i>R</i>), and 6'(<i>S</i>) for the verongidoic acid part. Docking studies and in vitro assays confirm the potential of this family of molecules to inhibit DNA methyltransferase 1 activity.
G-RCA (2010)

As IP networks have become the mainstay of an increasingly diverse set of applications ranging from Internet games and streaming videos, to e-commerce and online-banking, and even to mission-critical 911, best effort service is no longer acceptable. This requires a transformation in network management from detecting and replacing individual faulty network elements to managing the service quality as a whole.
A first-principles approach to constructing transfer functions for admission control in computing systems (2003)

This paper develops a first principles approach to constructing parameterized transfer function models for an abstraction of admission control, the M/M/1/K queueing system. We linearize this system using the first order model y(k+1)=ay(k)+bu(k), where y is the output (e.g., number in system) and u is the buffer size. The pole a is estimated as the lag 1 autocorrelation of y at steady state, and b is estimated using dy/du. With these analytic models for a and b, we study the effects of workload (i.e., arrival and service rates) and sample times. We show that a and b move in opposite directions at large utilizations, an effect that can have significant. implications on closed loop poles. Further, the DC gain for response time and number in system drops to 0 as buffer size increases, and the DC gain of number in system converges to 0.5 as workload intensity becomes large. These insights may aid in designing robust and/or adaptive controllers for computing systems. Finally, our models provide insight into why the integral control of a Lotus Notes e-mail server has an oscillatory response to a change in reference value.
Determination of the Molecular Orientation of Poly(Propylene Terephthalate) Fibers Using Polarized Raman Spectroscopy: A Comparison of Methods (2004)

For the first time, four different methods to determine the degree of molecular orientation from polarized Raman spectroscopy measurements are compared. The great influence of molecular orientation on the properties of polymers has driven the development of multiple experimental techniques and procedures. This study is based on the C(1)-C(4) ring stretching vibration of poly(propylene terephthalate) (PPT) at 1614 cm(-1). It is shown that simply ratioing the band intensity obtained with the polarization parallel and perpendicular to the unique axis of the sample provides a good qualitative method to observe the evolution of orientation in a series of similar samples. To quantitatively compare the degree of orientation one needs to utilize a more complex method yielding the second- and fourth-order parameters of the orientation distribution function (P(2) and P(4), respectively). To date, most studies have been based on the assumption of a cylindrically symmetric polarizibility tensor. It is shown that this assumption is highly questionable although this method has been used fairly successfully in the past. This method results in orientation parameters that are clearly different from those obtained with the two more complex procedures. The most complex method, both theoretically and experimentally, requires the most measurements per sample. Major problems have occurred when trying to calculate the desired parameters, in particular for samples with high birefringence. These problems are related to experimental complexities occurring for measurements when the samples are tilted with respect to the polarization direction of the incident light. These measurements are replaced by a simple determination of depolarization ratio in the third method. This method assumes that the depolarization ratio is independent of changes in molecular orientation and structure. It was found that this assumption is not correct. Thus, the most complex method is the method of choice to quantitatively determine the second- and fourth-order parameters of the orientation distribution function, unless one has knowledge of the depolarization ratio of each sample being studied. That knowledge permits the use of an experimentally simpler method to obtain the desired parameters.
Privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks: Issues, Challenges, and Solutions (2012)

This chapter describes the considered system model and common privacy model. It discusses the different algorithms and state-of-the-art proposals in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) privacy, which includes contextual privacy, privacy preserving data mining, secure multiparty computation, differential privacy, and anonymous authentication. The collaborative and distributive nature of WSN makes trust management a challenging task. Trust can be defined as the shelter when an entity faces uncertainty and risk. It is a challenging task to protect personally identifiable information while sharing information in a distributed system like WSN. With the immergence of sophisticated data mining tools based on statistical and semantic analysis, data privacy against data mining is becoming an interesting research area. In a large sample of sensor database, almost any combination of continuous scaled variable has unique property or is more specifically unique in nature. In data generalization method, sensitive data or quasi-identifiers are mapped to another domain, which enables statistical disclosure control.
Grid integration of PV power based on PHIL testing using different interface algorithms (2013)

Photovoltaic (PV) power among all renewable energies had the most accelerated growth rate in terms of installed capacity in recent years. Transmission System Operators (TSOs) changed their perspective about PV power and started to include it into their planning and operation, imposing PV systems to be more active in grid support. Therefore, a better understanding and detailed analysis of the PV systems interaction with the grid is needed; hence power hardware in the loop (PHIL) testing involving PV power can be a solution to address the testing challenges. To test PV systems for grid code (GC) compliance and supply of ancillary services, first the grid has to be simulated using PHIL, but in order to achieve it, different interface algorithms (IA) had to be evaluated in terms of system stability and signal accuracy.
Detection of IgE Reactivity to a Handful of Allergen Molecules in Early Childhood Predicts Respiratory Allergy in Adolescence (2017)

IgE reactivity to a few allergen molecules early in life identifies children with a high risk of asthma and/or rhinitis at 16years. These findings will be of importance for developing preventive strategies for asthma and rhinitis in children.
A Novel Single-Stage Sandstone Acidizing Fluid (2022)

Abstract Sandstone acidizing operations usually include solvent and acid preflush, main acid treatment, and post-flush stages. However, the acid preflush stage needs good design and execution to prevent formation damage. Moreover, multiple-stage operations require large-volume fluids and pumping time. Therefore, it is challenging to stimulate sandstone formations, especially those with high clay and carbonate content. A novel single-stage acid has been developed to overcome these challenges and improve the stimulation success rate in a cost-effective manner. The application of the new acid system has been studied in laboratory testing. Core flow tests were performed to evaluate the stimulation performance with Berea Gray and Bandera Gray from 160° to 300°F. An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) instrument was used to analyze the ions in the spent acid effluent. The performance was compared with mud acid and organic mud acid. The acid-rock reactions were studied by batch reactor tests. Compatibility with crude oil and mutual solvent was also tested. The results of core flow tests have shown that the new acid was used to treat the sandstone cores effectively at temperatures from 160° to 300°F. The regained permeability range varies from 115% to 400% under different conditions. The new acid provided similar or better performance compared with the combination of acid preflush and mud acid or organic mud acid. High concentrations of Al and Si were observed in the spent acid effluents by ICP analysis, indicating the high dissolution capacity of clays by the new acid. The new acid is highly compatible with carbonate, which was supported by the high concentrations of Ca and Mg in the spent acid. Both core flow tests and batch reactor tests have shown that the new acid stabilizes the problematic ions (Al, Ca, Mg and Fe) in the spent acid. The new acid is compatible with mutual solvent from the core flow tests; therefore, the mutual solvent preflush can be eliminated. The new acid also has good corrosion control due to the relatively high pH compared with mud acid. Overall, the new single stage acid has been used to stimulate the sandstone cores successfully without acid preflush and solvent preflush. A differentiating characteristic of the fluid is that it greatly reduces the risk of treatment failure by reducing primary, secondary, and tertiary precipitation, while maintaining high dissolving power for clays. It uses a different, more cost-effective chemical pathway to stabilize problematic ions compared to traditional single-step sandstone acidizing systems. The new fluid simplifies operation by reducing the total treatment fluid volume, the total number of fluid stages, and the number of fluid types needed at the wellsite.
Aging and Brain Cholinergic Muscarinic Receptors: An Autoradiographic Study in the Rat (1988)

Cholinergic muscarinic receptors in aged and young rat brains were studied by quantitative autoradiography of tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate. A selective pattern of decreased binding density was observed in the aged rat. A large number of regions showed no effect of aging; these include subdivisions of the hippocampal formation and most thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei. Small but significant decreases were found in cortical regions and in the striatum. The largest effects were seen in ventral forebrain cholinergic nuclei, where 40-60% depletions were found in the diagonal band, nucleus basalis magnocellularis, ventral pallidum, and substantia innominata.
Dual-modality optical coherence tomography and fluorescence tethered capsule endomicroscopy (2021)

OCT tethered capsule endomicroscopy (TCE) is an emerging noninvasive diagnostic imaging technology for gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorders. OCT measures tissue reflectivity that provides morphologic image contrast, and thus is incapable of ascertaining molecular information that can be useful for improving diagnostic accuracy. Here, we introduce an extension to OCT TCE that includes a fluorescence (FL) imaging channel for attaining complementary, co-registered molecular contrast. We present the development of an OCT-FL TCE capsule and a portable, plug-and-play OCT-FL imaging system. The technology is validated in phantom experiments and feasibility is demonstrated in a methylene blue (MB)-stained swine esophageal injury model, <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Lithium Bis(trimethylsilyl) Phosphate as a Novel Bifunctional Additive for High-Voltage LiNi1.5Mn0.5O4/Graphite Lithium-Ion Batteries (2021)

The beneficial role of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphate (LiTMSP), which may act as a novel bifunctional additive for high-voltage LiNi<sub>1.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LNMO)/graphite cells, has been investigated. LiTMSP is synthesized by heating tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate with lithium <i>tert</i>-butoxide. The cycle performance of LNMO/graphite cells at 45 °C significantly improved upon incorporation of LiTMSP (0.5 wt %). Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis suggests that the trimethylsilyl (TMS) group in LiTMSP can react with hydrogen fluoride (HF), which is generated through the hydrolysis of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF<sub>6</sub>) by residual water in an electrolyte solution or water generated via oxidative electrolyte decomposition reactions to form TMS fluoride. Inhibition of HF leads to a decrease in the concentration of transition-metal ion-dissolution (Ni and Mn) from the LNMO electrode, as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In addition, the generation of the superior passivating surface film derived by LiTMSP on the graphite electrode, suppressing further electrolyte reductive decomposition as well as deterioration/reformation caused by migrated transition metal ions, is supported by a combination of chronoamperometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, a LiTMSP-derived surface film has better lithium ion conductivity with a decrease in resistance of the graphite electrode, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, leading to improvement in the rate performance of LNMO/graphite cells. The HF-scavenging and film-forming effects of LiTMPS are responsible for the less polarization of LNMO/graphite cells enabling improved cycle performance at 45 °C.
Imaging Patterns Are Associated with Interstitial Lung Abnormality Progression and Mortality (2019)

<b>Rationale:</b> Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are radiologic abnormalities on chest computed tomography scans that have been associated with an early or mild form of pulmonary fibrosis. Although ILA have been associated with radiologic progression, it is not known if specific imaging patterns are associated with progression or risk of mortality. <b>Objectives:</b> To determine the role of imaging patterns on the risk of death and ILA progression. <b>Methods:</b> ILA (and imaging pattern) were assessed in 5,320 participants from the AGES-Reykjavik Study, and ILA progression was assessed in 3,167 participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ILA progression, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess time to mortality. <b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> Over 5 years, 327 (10%) had ILA on at least one computed tomography, and 1,435 (45%) did not have ILA on either computed tomography. Of those with ILA, 238 (73%) had imaging progression, whereas 89 (27%) had stable to improved imaging; increasing age and copies of <i>MUC5B</i> genotype were associated with imaging progression. The definite fibrosis pattern was associated with the highest risk of progression (odds ratio, 8.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.7-25; <i>P</i> = 0.0003). Specific imaging patterns were also associated with an increased risk of death. After adjustment, both a probable usual interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia pattern were associated with an increased risk of death when compared with those indeterminate for usual interstitial pneumonia (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.4; <i>P</i> = 0.001; hazard ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-6.8;<i>P</i> < 0.0001), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> In those with ILA, imaging patterns can be used to help predict who is at the greatest risk of progression and early death.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. AN ECHINULIN UND VERWANDTEN VERBINDUNGEN 2. MITT. EINE STEREOSELEKTIVE TOTALYNTH. VON OPTISCH AKTIVEM ECHINULIN (1972)

Abstract Aus dem nach der 1. Mitt. (S. 4661 ff.) erhaltenen Diallylanilin (I) entsteht mit Äthyl‐4‐brom‐2,2‐dimethyl‐acetoacetat das Indol (IIa), dessen Estergruppe zum Carbinol (IIb) reduziert wird.
Supplemental Figure S4 from The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S4. A novel MLH1-SPATA4 gene fusion&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers by Living Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization. 4. Synthesis of Amorphous and Side Chain Liquid Crystal AB Block Copolymers (1992)

Diblock copolymers with well defined block length yield ordered phase separation. Morphology of the microphase separation is controllable by varying the weight ratio of the two blocks and the length of each block. If one of the blocks is a side chain liquid crystalline polymer (SCLCP), microphase separated systems with liquid crystalline microphases may be realized. Such systems are of fundamental as well as practical interest. The effect of size and type of the liquid crystalline microphase transition is one of the fundamental questions. This effect is recently investigated by the polymer system in which low molecular weight liquid crystals are dispersed. Different from the low molecular weight liquid crystals dispersed systems, the block copolymer can give several types of microdomains (lamellae, cylinders, or spheres).
Stabilizing Multimode Hopping Oscillations and Reducing Associated Noise in Long Wavelength Laser Diode Using External Optical Feedback (2020)

We report on converting the multimode hopping oscillation (MHO) in long-wavelength semiconductor laser into single-mode oscillation (SMO) by applying external optical feedback (OFB). We characterize and compare the noise performance of the laser when supporting SMO and multimode oscillations. The study is based on a modified time-delay multimode rate-equation model of the laser that includes mechanisms of spectral gain suppression along with OFB induced due to multiple reflections by an external reflector. The study is applied to 1.55um-InGaAsP laser that exhibits multimode hopping in its solitary version and supports wide bandwidth. The noise is evaluated in terms of the relative intensity noise (RIN). We show that when OFB synchronizes with the asymmetric gain suppression (AGS), it enhances the gain of one longer wavelength mode and supports SMO. In this case OFB improves the noise performance of the laser. On the other hand, when OFB works against AGS, it sustains hopping multimode oscillation (HMMO) and deteriorates the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and the noise performance.
Injection Nozzle Coking Mechanism in Common-rail Diesel Engine (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The hole diameter of injection nozzles in diesel engines has become smaller and the nozzle coking could potentially cause injection characteristics and emissions to deteriorate. In this research, engine tests with zinc-added fuels, deposit analyses, laboratory tests and numerical calculations were carried out to clarify the deposit formation mechanisms. In the initial phase of deposit formation, lower zinc carboxylate formed close to the nozzle hole outlet by reactions between zinc in the fuel and lower carboxylic acid in the combustion gas. In the subsequent growth phase, the main component changed to zinc carbonate close to nozzle hole inlet by reactions with CO₂ in the combustion gas. Metal components and combustion gases are essential elements in the composition of these deposits. One way of removing these deposits is to utilize cavitations inside the nozzle holes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hypoxic Modulation of Exogenous Nitrite-Induced Vasodilation in Humans (2008)

Nitrite is a potent venodilator in normoxia and hypoxia. Arteries are modestly affected in normoxia but potently dilated in hypoxia, which suggests the important phenomenon of hypoxic augmentation of nitrite-mediated vasodilation in vivo. The use of nitrite as a selective arterial vasodilator in ischemic territories and as a potent venodilator in heart failure has therapeutic implications.
Living carbocationic polymerization XIV. Living polymerization of isobutylene with ester‐TiCl4 complexes (1988)

Abstract The living polymerization of isobutylene (IB) has been induced by cumyl acetate·TiCl 4 and cumyl propionate·TiCl 4 complexes in CH 2 Cl 2 /n‐C 6 H 14 and CH 3 Cl/n‐C 6 H 14 mixtures under conventional laboratory conditions at −40°C. The living nature of the polymerization was demonstrated by linear M̄ n versus W p (g PIB formed) plots starting at the origin. DP n obeys [IB]/[cumyl acetate·TiCl 4 ] and molecular weight distributions (MWD) are very narrow, M̄ w /M̄ n = 1.05–1.13. PIBs having M̄ n &gt;40000 have been prepared. The effects of the nature of the solvent, solvent composition, nature of the ester, ester/TiCl 4 ratio and concentrations on rates, M̄ n s and MWDs have been investigated. The living polymerization is faster by the cumyl acetate‐TiCl 4 than by the cumyl propionate·TiCl 4 complex. The rate of living polymerizations is negligible at CuAc/TiCl 4 = 1 and increases significantly in the presence of stoichiometric excess of TiCl 4 over the ester. Undesirable initiation due to protogenic impurities can be suppressed by employing relatively nonpolar (hexane‐rich) media, by increasing the ester/TiCl 4 , ratio, or by the addition of a non‐initiating ester (ethyl acetate); however, the rates decrease as a consequence of these measures. Polymerizations induced by mixtures of cumyl acetate·TiCl 4 /cumyl propionate·TiCl 4 complexes yield monomodal narrow MWDs indicating rapid ester exchange at the growing site which in turn suggests ionic active species. The kinetic findings are explained by a mechanistic scheme that rests on two propositions: Propagation involves activated (most probably ionized) polymer‐ester·Lewis acid complexes, and free (uncomplexed) Lewis acid causes irreversible destruction of living propagation.
Supplemental figure 19 from Preclinical Characterization of BET Family Bromodomain Inhibitor ABBV-075 Suggests Combination Therapeutic Strategies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Tumor environmental factors such as hypoxia or the presence of prosurvival cytokine such as IL-6 does not significantly change cellular sensitivity to ABBV-075&lt;/p&gt;
On‐chip integrated labelling, transport and detection of tumour cells (2011)

Microflow cytometry represents a promising tool for the investigation of diagnostic and prognostic cellular cancer markers, particularly if integrated within a device that allows primary cells to be freshly isolated from the solid tumour biopsies that more accurately reflect patient-specific in vivo tissue microenvironments at the time of staining. However, current tissue processing techniques involve several sequential stages with concomitant cell losses, and as such are inappropriate for use with small biopsies. Accordingly, we present a simple method for combined antibody-labelling and dissociation of heterogeneous cells from a tumour mass, which reduces the number of processing steps. Perfusion of ex vivo tissue at 4°C with antibodies and enzymes slows cellular activity while allowing sufficient time for the diffusion of minimally active enzymes. In situ antibody-labelled cells are then dissociated at 37°C from the tumour mass, whereupon hydrogel-filled channels allow the release of relatively low cell numbers (<1000) into a biomimetic microenvironment. This novel approach to sample processing is then further integrated with hydrogel-based electrokinetic transport of the freshly liberated fluorescent cells for downstream detection. It is anticipated that this integrated microfluidic methodology will have wide-ranging biomedical and clinical applications.