gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Candida albicans genes induced during thrush offers insight into pathogenesis (2003)

Candida albicans causes a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from mucocutaneous infections like oral thrush to disseminated candidiasis. Screening for C. albicans genes expressed within infected hosts might advance understanding of candidal pathogenesis, but is impractical using existing techniques. In this study, we used an antibody-based strategy to identify C. albicans genes expressed during thrush. We adsorbed sera from HIV-infected patients with thrush against candidal cells grown in vitro and screened a C. albicans genomic expression library. We identified 10 genes encoding immunogenic antigens and used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to verify that they were induced within thrush pseudomembranes recovered from a patient. The in vivo induced genes are involved in diverse functions, including regulation of yeast-hyphal morphogenesis, adhesion to host cells, nutrient uptake, phospholipid biosynthesis and amino acid catabolism. Four genes encode known virulence determinants (HWP1, CST20, CPP1 and RBF1). Another gene, LPD1, for which a role in candidal pathogenesis is unknown, encodes a protein homologous to a bacterial virulence determinant. Most importantly, disruption of CaNOT5, a newly identified gene, conferred defects in morphogenesis, decreased adherence to human buccal epithelial cells and attenuated mortality during murine disseminated candidiasis, proving that our strategy can identify genes encoding novel virulence determinants.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme‐Mediated Enantioselective Preparation of Pure Enantiomers of the Antiviral Agent 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐5‐fluoro‐3′‐thiacytidine (FTC) (I) and Related Compounds. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mathematical Simulation of the Distribution of the Electron Beam Current during Pulsed Heating of a Metal Target (2021)

We study a model of the current distribution during heating of the surface of a tungsten sample under pulsed exposure to an electron beam. The model is based on solving the equations of electrodynamics and the two-phase Stefan problem for calculating the temperature in the sample region using a cylindrical coordinate system. The model parameters were taken from experiments at the “Beam of Electrons for Materials Test Applications” (BETA) stand created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics. The particular case of axial symmetry is considered without taking the electromotive forces into account. The current is considered as a possible source of rotation of the substance which is observed in the experiment. The values of the current and the acceleration of matter at a surface temperature of over $$6000 $$ K were obtained. The results of the simulation show that, to obtain an acceleration capable of initiating the experimentally observed rotation of the melt, it is necessary to take into account some alternative mechanisms of creating a current in the system with consideration of the evaporation of tungsten above the plate.
Functionalizing Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials with Antibacterial Silver Particles (2012)

Antimicrobial silver particles are created on calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials by sequentially incubating in citric acid and silver nitrate solutions. The subsequent silver release kinetics and released dosage are controlled by simply changing the solution conditions during growth of silver particles. Released silver efficiently suppresses the growth of gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli without significant cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Status of decontamination methods after using dentin adhesion inhibitors on indirect restorations: An integrative review of 19 publications (2021)

The purpose of this review was to assess the literature regarding the decontamination of resin cement before the luting procedure in order to provide clinicians with a comparative overview of decontamination effects. A total of 19 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. The results indicated that bonding effectiveness is reduced due to residual adhesion inhibitors such as saliva, blood, hemostatic agents, and temporary/provisional cement. Self-etching and self-adhesive systems tend to be more negatively affected by adhesion inhibitors than do etch and rinse systems. Cleaning with an ultrasonic scaler or rotating brush have demonstrated conflicting effects in several studies. Some studies have reported that phosphoric acid has negative effects and recommend mild acid for decontamination. The application of phosphoric acid followed by sodium hypochlorite has been shown to help avoid negative effects. Alumina blasting has been investigated as a mechanical cleaning method in a relatively large number of experiments, most of which have confirmed its effectiveness. An intraoral cleaner containing functional monomers that has become commercially available in recent years is a promising method in clinical practice because it can easily and effectively remove temporary adhesive material. In addition, adhesion inhibitors can be easily removed from resin-coated dentin surfaces.
Respiratory motion correction in whole body PET/MRI imaging using a generalized reconstruction by inversion of coupled systems (GRICS) approach (2012)

International audience
Dysregulated Expression of miRNAs in Immune Thrombocytopenia (2021)

In recent years the critical role of miRNAs has been established in many diseases, including autoimmune disorders. Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is a predominant autoimmune disease, in which aberrant expression of miRNAs has been observed, suggesting that miRNAs are involved in its development. miRNAs could induce an imbalance in the T helper (Th)1/Th2 cell and Th17/Treg cell-related responses. Moreover, they could also cause alterations in Th9 and Th22 cell responses, and activate Tfh (T follicular helper) cell-dependent auto-reactive B cells, thus influencing megakaryogenesis. Herein, we summarize the role of immune-related miRNAs in ITP pathogenesis, and look forward to clinical applications.
Automatic thesaurus discovery via selective natural language processing: a corpus based approach (1993)

The principal problem with information management today is organizing the ever-widening body of electronically available text. Manual techniques for filtering and structuring such information are useful for sifting through a collection of texts, but manual approaches cannot keep pace with the quantity and variety of text generated. Outside of well-funded fields such as law and medicine, there is little availability of any techniques other than simple word and stem matching for wading through this information. Such string matching techniques are thwarted, however, by the language variability problem, in which a similar idea is expressed by a variety of different words.
We defend the thesis that selective Natural Language Processing, applying subsets of known language processing techniques, over a collection of texts provides enough information to create equivalence classes between different terms, thus easing the problem of language variability. We present a method using partial syntactic analysis that allows creation of equivalence classes over any body of text and we show that the classes created by this method are more like manually-created classes than those created by document co-occurrence, sentence co-occurrence and window-based equivalence class creation techniques. Results of applying this method to information retrieval, thesaurus enrichment, and creation of automatic thesauri are also presented.
The main contributions of this thesis are the following. We describe a robust domain-independent partial parser for English which yields local syntactic contexts of words. We produce a method for using this context to create corpus-dependent similarity lists. We demonstrate that the similarities extracted by this method correspond to human similarity judgments by comparison with psychological data and by showing the overlap with manually created thesauri. We demonstrate that the overlap with manual thesauri using this syntactic context is greater than that obtained by traditional textual windowing techniques. We develop evaluation methods applicable to any corpus-based meaning extraction techniques: artificial synonyms, and gold standards measurements. We show applications of our similarity discovery techniques to information retrieval, thesaurus enrichment, and automatic thesaurus construction.
Electrical Interconnect and Microfluidic Cooling Within 3D ICs and Silicon Interposer (2014)

Heat dissipation is a significant challenge for three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D IC) due to the lack of heat removal paths and increased power density. In this paper, a 3D IC system with an embedded microfluidic cooling heat sink (MFHS) is presented. In the proposed 3D IC system, high power tiers contain embedded MFHS and high-aspect ratio (23:1) through-silicon-vias (TSVs) routed through the integrated MFHS. In addition, each tier has dedicated solder-based microfluidic chip I/Os. Microfluidic cooling experiments of staggered micropin-fins with embedded TSVs are presented for the first time. Moreover, the lateral thermal gradient across a chip is analyzed with segmented heaters.
Extending the array of crosslinkers suitable for the preparation of polymethacrylate‐based monoliths (2005)

The in situ preparation of monolithic capillary columns comprising copolymers of butyl methacrylate with ethylene dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate using thermal polymerization within 250 microm ID capillaries and their application for micro-HPLC separations of proteins has been studied. For all crosslinkers, optimization of the porogenic mixture consisting of 1-propanol and 1,4-butanediol yielded monoliths with pore sizes above 1 microm suitable for rapid separations at low back pressure. Very good separations were achieved for a protein mixture consisting of ribonuclease A, cytochrome c, myoglobin, and ovalbumin with all tested columns.
An analytical, aperture, and two-layer carrier diffusion MTF and quantum efficiency model for solid-state image sensors (1994)

A two-dimensional analytical model is formulated for calculating the pixel response, modulation transfer function (MTF), and quantum efficiency of front-side illuminated, solid-state image sensors. Included in this unified model are the effects of lateral diffusion of charge carriers within a two-layer substrate and less than full pixel sampling apertures. The results of this model are compared to those of a numerical, three-dimensional Monte Carlo algorithm and to the analytical results reported by Blouke and Robinson. We find good agreement between the quantum efficiency and MTF calculated by the present model and by the three-dimensional Monte Carlo method. However, we find higher quantum efficiency and lower MTF than the previously reported analytical two-layer model. The unified aspect of the present model correctly combines the effects of sampling aperture and lateral diffusion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Terrorism, Insurgency, and Afghanistan (2007)

Over the last decade, Afghanistan and terrorism have become synonymous in the eyes of many analysts and policymakers. Afghanistan, of course, was the first campaign stop-- Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)--of the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), and has since been viewed as a hotbed for global terrorists and jihadists. Strictly speaking, however, regional conditions including bad governance, poverty, oppression, corruption, and radical Islamic movements throughout Afghanistan and its neighbors are the primary source of terrorism in this country. This is not meant to suggest that Afghan groups, such as the Taliban, are not directly responsible for terrorism in Afghanistan. Rather, it is to suggest that the Taliban are encouraged, enabled, funded, and driven by foreign sources and interests and are outsourcing their logistics and suicide missions via regional networks. To view them merely as an indigenous Afghan movement is to ignore critical aspects of their organization, support, behavior, and actions and the aforementioned conditions in South Asia. Today, after 27 years of continuous war, Afghanistan is struggling. President Karzai's post-Taliban government is finding it extremely difficult to extend its control and mandate outside the capital of Kabul and into the country's vast impoverished hinterland. Several forces are undermining Karzai's efforts to build a truly national government with national control, including a rising tide of narcotics production now responsible for approximately 60 percent of the country's economy, and a resurgent Taliban backed by al Qaeda who are mounting an increasingly virulent insurgency in the east and south of the country.
Electromagnetic launcher with spiral guideway (2023)

An electromagnetic launcher with a curved or spiral-shaped, open-ended guideway and conductors for launching a projectile. The projectile, movably retained on or within the guideway, is accelerated along the guideway using electromagnetic forces until it reaches an end of the guideway, then the projectile is launched in a desired direction. The direction of the launch of the projectile is determined by orienting the guideway in the desired direction using an actuator.
Curve crossing analysis of LFER data in Michael addition reactions (1992)

Rate constants for the Michael addition of CN − in water, aqueous sulfolane, and DMSO, and MeO − in MeOH to eight mono- and disubstituted 1,1-diaryl-2,2-dinitroethylenes were measured. The ρ values are in the range 0.7 (CN − /H 2 O) –1.6 (MeO − /MeOH). For each of the four systems a correlation was found between log k and the 13 C chemical shift of the carbon that undergoes the nucleophilic attack. However, the quality of the correlation as well as the slope decreases with decreasing ρ values. Analysis of the electronic configuration of the transition state using the curve crossing model shows that the traditional interpretation of the location of the transition state should be reversed. This analysis provides a rationale for the observed dependence of the chemical shift – rate correlation on the ρ value.
Search for theX(4140)state inB+→J/ψϕK+decays (2012)

A search for the $X(4140)$ state in ${B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{+}$ decays is performed with $0.37\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. No evidence for this state is found, in $2.4\ensuremath{\sigma}$ disagreement with a measurement by CDF. An upper limit on its production rate is set, $\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X(4140){K}^{+})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathcal{B}(X(4140)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\phi})/\mathcal{B}({B}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}\ensuremath{\phi}{K}^{+})&lt;0.07$ at 90% confidence level.
The Secreted Lipoprotein, MPT83, of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Recognized during Human Tuberculosis and Stimulates Protective Immunity in Mice (2012)

The long-term control of tuberculosis (TB) will require the development of more effective anti-TB vaccines, as the only licensed vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has limited protective efficacy against infectious pulmonary TB. Subunit vaccines have an improved safety profile over live, attenuated vaccines, such as BCG, and may be used in immuno-compromised individuals. MPT83 (Rv2873) is a secreted mycobacterial lipoprotein expressed on the surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we examined whether recombinant MPT83 is recognized during human and murine M. tuberculosis infection. We assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of MPT83 as a protein vaccine, with monophosphyl lipid A (MPLA) in dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA) as adjuvant, or as a DNA vaccine in C57BL/6 mice and mapped the T cell epitopes with peptide scanning. We demonstrated that rMPT83 was recognised by strong proliferative and Interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting T cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with active TB, but not from healthy, tuberculin skin test-negative control subjects. MPT83 also stimulated strong IFN-γ T cell responses during experimental murine M. tuberculosis infection. Immunization with either rMPT83 in MPLA/DDA or DNA-MPT83 stimulated antigen-specific T cell responses, and we identified MPT83(127-135) (PTNAAFDKL) as the dominant H-2(b)-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitope within MPT83. Further, immunization of C57BL/6 mice with rMPT83/MPLA/DDA or DNA-MPT83 stimulated significant levels of protection in the lungs and spleens against aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis. Interestingly, immunization with rMPT83 in MPLA/DDA primed for stronger IFN-γ T cell responses to the whole protein following challenge, while DNA-MPT83 primed for stronger CD8(+) T cell responses to MPT83(127-135). Therefore MPT83 is a protective T cell antigen commonly recognized during human M. tuberculosis infection and should be considered for inclusion in future TB subunit vaccines.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of 4-Aminoquinazolines as Potent Inhibitors of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 6 (GRK6) for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (2021)

Both previous and additional genetic knockdown studies reported herein implicate G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) as a critical kinase required for the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Therefore, we sought to develop a small molecule GRK6 inhibitor as an MM therapeutic. From a focused library of known kinase inhibitors, we identified two hits with moderate biochemical potencies against GRK6. From these hits, we developed potent (IC<sub>50</sub> < 10 nM) analogues with selectivity against off-target kinases. Further optimization led to the discovery of an analogue (<b>18</b>) with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 6 nM against GRK6 and selectivity against a panel of 85 kinases. Compound <b>18</b> has potent cellular target engagement and antiproliferative activity against MM cells and is synergistic with bortezomib. In summary, we demonstrate that targeting GRK6 with small molecule inhibitors represents a promising approach for MM and identify <b>18</b> as a novel, potent, and selective GRK6 inhibitor.
On certain pathwise properties of the sliding-window lempel ziv algorithm (2004)

This paper derives a number of pathwise results related to the sliding window Lempel-Ziv (SWLZ) algorithm, including an upper bound on the redundancy and reasonably tight upper and lower bounds for the number of bits spent on the encoding of the phrase lengths. We also investigate important basic properties of the various limits involved in this study; for example, we succeed in demonstrating that for sources that have exponential rates for entropy and for any database length, the limiting average number of phrases per symbol exists and is constant with probability one.
Synergy between vitamin D precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D and short chain ceramides on keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. (1996)

The active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), and its analogs induce normal human keratinocyte differentiation and are used for the treatment of psoriasis. Long-term topical use of 1,25D, however, causes hypercalcemia. The precursor of 1,25D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D) is converted to 1,25D in the keratinocyte in a regulated manner. The action of 1,25D is reported to be mediated, at least in part, by cellular ceramides in the leukemia cell line, HL-60 cells. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the synergy between 25D and short chain cell permeable ceramides (SCC) or synthetic analogs of ceramides on keratinocyte growth and differentiation in vitro. C2 ceramide (acetyl sphingosine) synergistically enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of 25D and 1,25D in a concentration-dependent manner. Short chain analogs of ceramide-like compounds, neoceramides and pseudoceramides, also inhibited keratinocyte proliferation and acted in synergy with 25D and 1,25D. SCC alone increased transglutaminase and cornified envelope levels. 25D potentiated this prodifferentiating effect of SCC. Twenty-four-hour preincubation with SCC did not alter 25D or 1,25D uptake into keratinocytes. These studies demonstrate a synergy between vitamin D metabolites and ceramides in human keratinocytes and indicate the potential of using 25D as an effective and safer alternative to deliver 1,25D benefits to the epidermis.
Ongoing Wear Test of a XIPS(c) 25-Centimeter Thruster Discharge Cathode (2008)

The Xenon Ion Propulsion System (XIPS(c)) 25-cm thruster produced by L-3 Communications Electron Technologies, Inc. offers a number of potential benefits for planetary missions, including high efficiency and high Isp over a large power throttling range and availability from an active product line. The thruster is qualified for use on commercial communications satellites, which have requirements differing from those for typical planetary missions. In particular, deep space missions require longer service life over a broad range of throttling conditions. A XIPS(c) discharge cathode assembly is currently undergoing a long duration test to extend operating experience at the maximum power point and at throttled conditions unique to planetary mission applications. A total of 11080 hours have been accumulated at conditions corresponding to the full power engine operating point at 4.2 kWe and an intermediate power point at 2.76 kWe. Minor performance losses and cathode keeper erosion were observed at the full power point, but there were no changes in performance and negligible erosion at the intermediate power point.
Iron(iii) salen-type catalysts for the cross-coupling of aryl Grignards with alkyl halides bearing β-hydrogens (2004)

Iron(III) salen and related complexes are active catalysts for the coupling, under mild and simple reaction conditions, of aryl Grignard reagents with primary and secondary alkyl halide substrates bearing beta-hydrogens.
Competitive nephelometric inhibition immunoassay of theophylline with use of monoclonal reagents: comparison with fluorescence polarization and EMIT procedures. (1983)

Journal Article Competitive nephelometric inhibition immunoassay of theophylline with use of monoclonal reagents: comparison with fluorescence polarization and EMIT procedures. Get access R W Yatscoff, R W Yatscoff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Hayter J Hayter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 29, Issue 10, 1 October 1983, Pages 1857–1858, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/29.10.1857 Published: 01 October 1983