gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of Two Procedures of HIV‐1 Isolation from Whole Blood Cultures (1996)

Culture techniques for isolation of HIV-1 from small amounts of whole blood (WB) treated with anticoagulant have been reported and gave results identical to those of culture of separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Some authors obtained much higher isolation rates when EDTA was used instead of heparin. We compared two previously described techniques for cultivation of HIV-1 from WB of adult HIV+ patients staged according to the CDC classification. In addition, we assessed the influence of the type of anticoagulant used for the collection of blood in viral replication in cell cultures from whole blood. Small volumes of WB treated with either heparin or EDTA were cocultivated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PHA-PBMC) from healthy donors. We used two procedures for WB culture: procedure I, based on the culture of 250 microliters of WB with 1 x 10(6) PHA-PBMC from donors; and procedure II based on the culture of 500 microliters of WB with 4 x 10(6) PHA-PBMC from donors. The cocultures were placed in 24-well plates and incubated for as long as 28 days in medium containing interleukin 2 (IL-2). Twice weekly half of the medium was replaced with fresh medium. In procedure II, one million fresh PHA-PBMC from donors was added on the 7th day of culture. The culture supernatant was assayed for the presence of HIV-1 p24 antigen in an enzyme immunoassay. The kinetics of HIV-1 replication in cultures of WB from 7 AIDS patients were similar using procedures I and II. In 8 HIV+ patients the isolation rate was higher with heparin- than with EDTA-treated samples. The isolation rate was higher in AIDS patients (n = 8) than in others with both methods. In stage IV patients without AIDS (n = 8) we failed to isolate HIV-1 in 1 patient with procedure I, whereas we succeeded with procedure II. In stage II, HIV-I was isolated in 1 of 4 patients with both methods. HIV was isolated in cultures of WB from patients receiving zidovudine or related nucleoside analogues and in cultures of WB from untreated patients. HIV-1 could not be isolated from WB of patients with more than 400 CD4+ T lymphocytes in their peripheral blood (n = 4); however, it was isolated from 14 of 16 patients with less than 400 CD4+ T lymphocytes. Our results suggest that procedure II is more sensitive than procedure I and that heparin is better than EDTA for collecting WB. We showed that the rate of HIV-1 isolation from WB increased in advanced-stage patients. Further studies are needed to define the clinical applications of WB culture.
Treatable metabolic psychoses that go undetected: What Niemann-Pick type C can teach us (2012)

Organic causes of psychoses may have an unrecognised yet notable prevalence, particularly in adolescent or adult patients. Several inherited metabolic disorders can present with psychiatric signs. In some disorders, such as Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C), the disease may remain unrecognised for many years due to a heterogeneous and subtle clinical presentation. In patients presenting with psychoses, subtle signs such as vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, ataxia and splenomegaly should raise the suspicion of NP-C. Miglustat is so far the only approved treatment for NP-C. Miglustat can stabilise neurological disease, particularly in adolescent or adult-onset patients who are detected as early as possible, before irreversible neurological damage occurs.
Resistive Oxygen Sensor Using Hafnium-Doped Cerium Oxide (2005)

A resistive oxygen sensor using a thick film of ceria doped with Hf (Ce0.9Hf0.1O2 sensor) was fabricated and its sensing properties were investigated. The Ce0.9Hf0.1O2 thick film had a single fluorite phase and a porous structure with 1-2μm particles. The Ce0.9Hf0.1O2 sensor had much a lower resistance than the Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 sensor or CeO2 sensor. The temperature dependence of the resistance of the Ce0.9Hf0.1O2 sensor was smaller than that of the Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 sensor or CeO2 sensor.
Single mode optical waveguide design investigation (1981)

A total of six fibers have been fabricated with parameters fitting the design matrix; Microbend sensitivity measurements have been made on five of the fibers; The data collection procedure for the angular offset sensitivity measurements has been modified and automated in order to improve measurement reliability; and Lateral offset measurements have been made on two fibers as a function of V-value and the data fitted to the equation given in Progress Report 2. (Author)
Donepezil Does Not Enhance Perceptual Learning in Adults with Amblyopia: A Pilot Study (2017)

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder that results in a wide range of visual deficits. One proven approach to recovering vision in adults with amblyopia is perceptual learning (PL). Recent evidence suggests that neuromodulators can enhance adult plasticity. In this pilot study, we asked whether donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, enhances visual PL in adults with amblyopia. Nine adults with amblyopia were first trained on a low-contrast single-letter identification task while taking a daily dose (5 mg) of donepezil throughout training. Following 10,000 trials of training, participants showed improved contrast sensitivity for identifying single letters. However, the magnitude of improvement was no greater than, and the rate of improvement was slower than, that obtained in a previous study in which six adults with amblyopia were trained using an identical task and protocol but without donepezil (Chung et al., 2012). In addition, we measured transfer of learning effects to other tasks and found that for donepezil, the post-pre performance ratios in both a size-limited (acuity) and a spacing-limited (crowding) task were not significantly different from those found in the previous study without donepezil administration. After an interval of several weeks, six participants returned for a second course of training on identifying flanked (crowded) letters, again with concurrent donepezil administration. Although this task has previously been shown to be highly amenable to PL in adults with amblyopia (Chung et al., 2012; Hussain et al., 2012), only one observer in our study showed significant learning over 10,000 trials of training. Auxiliary experiments showed that the lack of a learning effect on this task during donepezil administration was not due to either the order of training of the two tasks or the use of a sequential training paradigm. Our results reveal that cholinergic enhancement with donepezil during training does not improve or speed up PL of single-letter identification in adults with amblyopia, and importantly, it may even halt learning and transfer related to a crowding task. <b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03109314).
Double-gate suspended silicon nanowire transistors with tunable threshold voltage for chemical/biological sensing applications (2012)

A double-gate suspended silicon nanowire transistor (DGSSiNWT) is proposed for conduction-based chemical/biological sensing applications. The doping profile is uniform across the device without any junction. The suspended silicon nanowire (SiNW) provides a larger surface area that can be used to enhance the sensitivity. Two side gates, which work as the main gate and tuning gate, are separated from the SiNW by air gap and control the electrical conduction of the suspended structure. Using the tuning gate, we have optimized the operating point of device to achieve the highest sensitivity. The sensitivity, defined as the ratio of threshold voltage shift to tuning gate voltage variation, is observed to be up to 6.5. The estimated charge sensitivity of our devices is at least 20 times higher than the reported value for non-suspended SiNW transistors.
Diabetes incidence and projections from prevalence surveys in Fiji (2016)

This is the first application of the Styblo technique to calculate T2DM incidence from population-based prevalence surveys over time. Reductions in population BMI are predicted to reduce T2DM incidence and prevalence in Fiji among adults aged 25-64 years.
Surface Chemistry of Lead Titanate and Its Impact on Binder Removal (1996)

Carbon residue after binder burnout was characterized for several nonstoichiometric lead titanate powders. Thermal decomposition of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) binder was performed in nitrogen at 600°C. A drastic decrease in carbon retention was obtained in the case of the titanium‐rich samples. The amount of carbon retention varies from 0.2 mg/m 2 to 1.2 mg/m 2 by changing the Pb/Ti molar ratio from 0.92 to 1.08. The surface reaction between PMMA and lead titanate particles was studied by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Surface hydroxyls reacted with ester groups in the PMMA or the methylmethacrylate monomer produced upon pyrolysis. The DRIFTS results showed that titaniumrich samples are less reactive and produce less surfacebound organic groups. Interestingly, titanium‐rich samples contained more surface hydroxyls. Isoelectric point measurements, however, show that titanium‐rich samples are more acidic. Thus, the reactivity of the surface hydroxyls is determined primarily by their acid‐base characteristics rather than their concentration. Lead titanate powder was exposed to MMA vapor in a tube furnace at the indicated temperatures using nitrogen carrier gas as a model experiment. DRIFTS difference spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were performed on these samples after the exposure. MMA reacts with lead titanate powder in manner similar to PMMA. Analysis for sp 2 and sp 3 absorbance of Raman spectra of these exposed powders at 400°–600°C showed pyrolysis behavior of surface‐reacted species. The relative amount of sp 2 bonded carbon decreases with increasing exposure temperature.
Abstract OT3-2-05: Randomized phase II study of fulvestrant with or without ganetespib in patients (pts) with hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer (2013)

Abstract Background: In pts with HR-positive metastatic breast cancer, endocrine resistance is a major clinical problem. Ganetespib is a small molecule inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a molecular chaperone protein that regulates post-translational folding of numerous client proteins including estrogen and progesterone receptor. In preclinical HR-positive breast cancer models, ganetespib impairs endocrine resistance and reduces heterogeneity in the disease control achievable by hormonal therapies. Trial Design and Eligibility: This is a randomized phase II study designed to evaluate the efficacy of ganetespib in combination with fulvestrant compared to fulvestrant alone. Pts with endocrine-resistant, HR-positive metastatic breast cancer and up to 1 prior line of metastatic chemotherapy are eligible. Endocrine resistance is defined as relapse while on or within 1 year of completion of adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) or progression through at least one line of ET for advanced disease. Patients are treated with fulvestrant 500 mg IM on Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1) and C1D15, C2D1, and D1 of each subsequent 28-day cycle. Ganetespib is administered at a starting dose of 200 mg/m2 IV on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each cycle. Pts undergo optional research biopsies at baseline and time of progression. Pts with accessible disease undergo a required research biopsy on C2D9. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are collected at baseline, C2D8, C2D9, and time of progression. Pts who progress on fulvestrant may cross over to the combination. Aims: The primary endpoint is progression-free survival. Secondary endpoints include safety and tolerability, objective response rate by RECIST 1.1, clinical benefit rate, and overall survival. Correlative aims include comparison of biomarkers on the C2D9 biopsy in pts treated with fulvestrant alone versus the combination of fulvestrant plus ganetespib, analysis of CTCs and pharmacodynamic markers in PMBCs. Statistical Methods: Pts will be randomized 1:2 to receive fulvestrant alone or the combination of fulvestrant plus ganetespib. The total accrual goal is 71 pts. The expected accrual rate is 3.5-4.5 pts per month over a period of ∼20 months; it is anticipated at ∼15% of pts may be censored for PFS, with similar probability on both arms. There will be 80% power to detect a prolongation of true median PFS from 4.0 months to 8.0 months, using a one-sided 0.05 log-rank test. Acrrual: To date, 15 of 71 planned pts have been enrolled. Funding: The trial is supported by a grant from the Susan G. Komen foundation and funding from Synta Pharmaceuticals. Contact information: nlin@partners.org. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr OT3-2-05.
Data Analytics for Managing Power in Commercial Buildings (2017)

Commercial buildings are significant consumers of electricity. We propose a number of methods for managing power in commercial buildings. The first step toward better energy management in commercial buildings is monitoring consumption. However, instrumenting every electrical panel in a large commercial building is an expensive proposition. In this article, we demonstrate that it is also unnecessary. Specifically, we propose a greedy meter (sensor) placement algorithm based on maximization of information gain subject to a cost constraint. The algorithm provides a near-optimal solution guarantee, and our empirical results demonstrate a 15% improvement in prediction power over conventional methods. Next, to identify power-saving opportunities, we use an unsupervised anomaly detection technique based on a low-dimensional embedding. Furthermore, to enable a building manager to effectively plan for demand response programs, we evaluate several solutions for fine-grained, short-term load forecasting. Our investigation reveals that support vector regression and an ensemble model work best overall. Finally, to better manage resources such as lighting and HVAC, we propose a semisupervised approach combining hidden Markov models (HMMs) and a standard classifier to model occupancy based on readily available port-level network statistics. We show that the proposed two-step approach simplifies the occupancy model while achieving good accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate an average occupancy estimation error of 9.3% with a potential reduction of 9.5% in lighting load using our occupancy models.
ZnO thin film stoichiometry influent by working gas during radio frequency magnetron sputtering (2012)

The effects of different working gases on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films were investigated under high pressure of 7 Pa deposition using radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. It was found that crystallinities of the ZnO films were increased with the oxygen gas ratio increase; the average of crystallite size was increased as well. The optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in-situ measurement revealed the kinetics species in the rf plasma during the depositions. It was found that the intensity of the excited atomic oxygen (O∗) was increased with the oxygen ratio increase, resulting in enhancing the ZnO oxidization during the rf sputtering. In contrary, the intensities of emissions from argon and molecular oxygen (O 2 +) as well as atomic zinc emission were gradually decreased. The photoluminescence property measurements showed that the ultraviolet (UV) emission decreased with the oxygen ratio increase, meanwhile, the deep level emission from as-deposited films were drastically suppressed.
A Novel Adaptive Elite‐Based Particle Swarm Optimization Applied to VAR Optimization in Electric Power Systems (2014)

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been successfully applied to solve many practical engineering problems. However, more efficient strategies are needed to coordinate global and local searches in the solution space when the studied problem is extremely nonlinear and highly dimensional. This work proposes a novel adaptive elite‐based PSO approach. The adaptive elite strategies involve the following two tasks: (1) appending the mean search to the original approach and (2) pruning/cloning particles. The mean search, leading to stable convergence, helps the iterative process coordinate between the global and local searches. The mean of the particles and standard deviation of the distances between pairs of particles are utilized to prune distant particles. The best particle is cloned and it replaces the pruned distant particles in the elite strategy. To evaluate the performance and generality of the proposed method, four benchmark functions were tested by traditional PSO, chaotic PSO, differential evolution, and genetic algorithm. Finally, a realistic loss minimization problem in an electric power system is studied to show the robustness of the proposed method.
Drug delivery from hydroxyapatite‐coated titanium surfaces using biodegradable particle carriers (2012)

The goal of this study was to develop a functional titanium (Ti) implant loaded with bioactive molecules using biodegradable polymeric particles as drug delivery carrier for dental applications. In this study, dexamethasone (DEX)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles were electrostatically immobilized on a Ti disc surface coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals using a low temperature high speed collision (LTHSC) method. Resorbable blasting media (RBM) Ti discs (S1), HA-Ti discs (S2), and HA-Ti discs treated with DEX-loaded PLGA particles (S3) were fabricated in this study as sample discs. To facilitate surface immobilization, PLGA particles were coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to produce a positive surface charge. This modification of PLGA particle surfaces, allowed DEX-loaded PLGA particles to be immobilized on negatively charged S2 disc surface. It was found that DEX-loaded PLGA particles were well dispersed and immobilized onto the S3 disc surfaces. Release profile studies of DEX from S3 discs in a 4-week immersion study indicated an initial burst release followed by sustained release. In vitro evaluation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured for 1 and 2 weeks on S3 discs showed greater BMSC differentiation than on S1 or S2 discs, demonstrating that this innovative delivery platform potently induced BMSC differentiation in vitro, and suggesting that it could be exploited for stem cell therapy purposes or to enhance in vivo osteogenesis. In addition, the results of the present study shows that various bioactive molecules that promote bone regeneration can be efficiently incorporated onto HA-Ti surfaces using biodegradable polymeric particles.
L-carnitine reduces plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in patients with hyper Lp(a). (2000)

L-carnitine offers a potentially useful therapeutic agent for atherogenic conditions characterized by high Lp(a) levels, also in view of the excellent tolerability and essential lack of major side effects.
Sulpiride augmentation of olanzapine in the management of treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenia: evidence for improvement of mood symptomatology (2003)

Several recent studies, albeit limited in sample number, design and generalizability, have suggested that augmentation of atypical antipsychotic medication (such as clozapine and olanzapine) with sulpiride, a substituted benzamide antipsychotic medication, may play a role in the management of treatment-resistant psychotic conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate any change in clinical symptomatology or side-effect profile in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients receiving sulpiride in addition to olanzapine. Seventeen patients with treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenia, who were receiving olanzapine monotherapy for at least 6 months before study commencement, were randomized in a 1:1 fashion to receive either adjunctive treatment with sulpiride (study group) or to continue their pre-study treatment with olanzapine with no medication augmentation (control group), each for a period of 8 weeks. Changes in measures of positive and negative symptoms, anxiety, depression and extrapyramidal symptoms were assessed at baseline and at 8 weeks. Study observations indicated no significant differences in the changes in positive or negative symptomatology between patients receiving a combined regimen of olanzapine with sulpiride (600 mg/ day) augmentation and controls. However, a significantly greater improvement of depressive symptomatology (P < 0.05; as assessed by the Hamilton Scale for Depression) was noted in the sulpiride augmentation group. These data indicate improvement in depressive symptomatology with sulpiride augmentation of olanzapine in treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenia patients.
Exendin‐4(Lys27PAL)/gastrin/xenin‐8‐Gln: A novel acylated GLP‐1/gastrin/xenin hybrid peptide that improves metabolic status in obese‐diabetic (ob/ob) mice (2018)

This study emphasizes the therapeutic promise of long-acting, multi-targeting hybrid gut peptides for type 2 diabetes.
Sorting multiple classes in multi-dimensional ROC analysis: parametric and nonparametric approaches (2013)

In large-scale data analysis, such as in a microarray study to identify the most differentially expressed genes, diagnostic tests are frequently used to classify and predict subjects into their different categories. Frequently, these categories do not have an intrinsic natural order even though the quantitative test results have a relative order. As identifying the correct order for a proper definition of accuracy measures is important for a high-dimensional receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we propose rigorous and automated approaches to sort out the multiple categories using simple summary statistics such as means and relative effects. We discuss the hypervolume under the ROC manifold (HUM), its dependence on the order of the test results and the minimum acceptable HUM values in a general multi-category classification problem. Using a leukemia data set and a liver cancer data set, we show how our approaches provide accurate screening results when we have a large number of tests.
Preliminary association of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) pre- and post-AdHER2 dendritic cell vaccination with overall survival in patients with metastatic HER2+ solid tumors (2015)

Meeting abstracts Levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been associated with overall survival (OS) in metastatic breast [[1][1]] and prostate cancer [[2][2]]. Here we report the preliminary associations between CTCs and OS in subjects receiving an autologous adenoviral transduced dendritic
Large cavity single layer quantum dot laser diodes (2008)

Large cavity, very low threshold single layer quantum dot laser diodes with threshold current density of 10 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , output power > 2 W, and very-low internal loss of 0.25 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> are achieved at CW room-temperature. Mode-locked operation of a large cavity laser diode with 40 mum stripe width is demonstrated at 3.75 GHz repetition rate.
Histogram Compressive Sensing using Shuffled Cellular Automata: the TCSPC sensor use case (2022)

Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) sensors based on Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) combined with Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) and histogram-builders face hardware limitations because of complex pixel readouts and the amount of data related to per-pixel histograms. This work presents a pixel-wise Compressive Sensing (CS) with its implementation using an in-pixel Cellular Automaton. It demonstrates its effectiveness in terms of probability of the correct histogram peak detection while extending capabilities to multi-peak detections. From the hardware point of view, examples of digital logic syntheses are also reported namely for silicon area reduction and comparison with existing designs.