gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Testing of the SAFER Barrier - Version 2, SAFER Barrier Gate, and Alternative Backup Structure (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;From 1998 through 2002, the &lt;b&gt;S&lt;/b&gt;teel &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;nd &lt;b&gt;F&lt;/b&gt;oam &lt;b&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;nergy &lt;b&gt;R&lt;/b&gt;eduction (SAFER) Barrier was developed, tested, and evaluated for use in high-speed racetrack applications in order to decrease the severity of high-energy crashes into the outer, rigid containment walls. The original SAFER Barrier was first installed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway (IMS) and used at the 2002 INDY 500 mile race. Following the successful implementation of the original SAFER Barrier system, further efforts were directed toward improving the barrier's design and adapting the system to smaller-radius, high-speed racetracks. The continued research and development effort resulted in the second generation of the SAFER barrier, also known as SAFER Barrier - Version 2.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Following the development of the SAFER Barrier - Version 2, it was also determined that a need existed to design an opening or gate within the SAFER Barrier System. At some oval racetrack facilities, tunnels may not always be available for allowing vehicles to travel to and from the infield area. Instead, these vehicles must travel through openings made in the outer concrete containment wall. Therefore, a SAFER Emergency Gate was developed in order to allow the SAFER Barrier to be opened to accommodate the transportation needs of a given racetrack facility but still serve as a energy-absorbing barrier when closed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The original and modified versions of the SAFER Barrier were designed for attachment to the inside surface of existing rigid, concrete containment walls. For new racetrack facilities, old tracks requiring replacement of the concrete walls, or road courses, it may not be feasible to build the large continuous concrete walls for supporting the SAFER Barrier systems. As such, an alternative backup structure was developed for supporting the energy-absorbing foam blocks and anchoring the tubular steel impact panels using discrete structures and a concrete foundation.&lt;/div&gt;
Absorbance of opaque microstructures in optically diffuse media (2001)

In this study experimental measurements are used to determine that the observed absorbance of opaque microstructures in optically diffuse media correlates with the total surface area rather than the attenuation as calculated in a nonscattering environment. The data suggest that it may be possible to use remote measurements of optical diffuse transmission to quantify surface areas of microcapillaries that are highly absorbing or larger blood vessels that can have high intrinsic attenuation because of hematocrit alone. Results obtained in a transmission geometry are insensitive to the position of the microstructure along the line between source and detector, whereas those collected in a remission geometry are highly sensitive to the depth at which the structure is located. These types of measurement involving microscopic structures embedded in diffuse media have potential application in quantifying blood vessel surface areas that contain contrast agents or other microparticles within tissue.
Exhaustive hydrodechlorination of chlorinated aromatic environmental pollutants to alicyclic compounds (2003)

A combined Pd–Rh catalyst obtained by co-entrapment of metallic palladium and soluble [Rh(cod)Cl]2 within a silica sol–gel matrix exhaustively detoxifies chlorinated aromatic pollutants not only by total removal of the chlorine, but also by the total reduction of the aromatic moieties to alicyclic rings. The list of chloroarenes which have been successfully destroyed by the catalysts includes most of the major pollutants which are of public concern, namely chlorinated dibenzo[b,e]dioxin and dibenzofuran, PCBs, DDT, Hexachlorophene and 2,4,5-T. The reactions take place under the relatively mild conditions of 80–100 °C under 27 atm H2. The immobilised catalyst is leach proof in a variety of solvents and can be reused in several runs. The high activity of the combined Pd–Rh system is attributed to synergism between the two different metal atoms.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits albumin gene expression in a murine model of cachexia. (1990)

The mechanisms responsible for decreased serum albumin levels in patients with cachexia-associated infection, inflammation, and cancer are unknown. Since tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) is elevated in cachexia-associated diseases, and chronic administration of TNF alpha induces cachexia in animal models, we assessed the regulation of albumin gene expression by TNF alpha in vivo. In this animal model of cachexia, Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the functional gene for human TNF alpha were inoculated into nude mice (TNF alpha mice). TNF alpha mice became cachectic and manifested decreased serum albumin levels, albumin synthesis, and albumin mRNA levels. However, even before the TNF alpha mice lost weight, their albumin mRNA steady-state levels were decreased approximately 90%, and in situ hybridization revealed a low level of albumin gene expression throughout the hepatic lobule. The mRNA levels of several other genes were unchanged. Hepatic nuclei from TNF alpha mice before the onset of weight loss were markedly less active in transcribing the albumin gene than hepatic nuclei from control mice. Therefore, TNF alpha selectively inhibits the genetic expression of albumin in this model before weight loss.
Entwicklung aus der molekularen Bildgebung: Erste multimodal-sichtbare (CT & MRT) Embolisationspartikel (2010)

Ziele: Die Molekulare Bildgebung beschäftigt sich unter anderem mit der Erforschung multimodaler Kontrastmittel.
Modulation Options for OFDM-Based Waveforms: Classification, Comparison, and Future Directions (2019)

This paper provides a comparative study on the performance of different modulation options for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in terms of their spectral efficiency, reliability, peak-to-average power ratio, power efficiency, out-of-band emission, and computational complexity. The modulation candidates are classified into two main categories based on the signal plane dimension they exploit. These categories are: 1) 2-D signal plane category including conventional OFDM with classical fixed or adaptive QAM modulation and OFDM with differential modulation, where information is conveyed in changes between two successive symbols in the same subcarrier or between two consecutive subcarriers in the same OFDM symbol and 2) 3-D signal plane category encompassing: a) index-based OFDM modulation schemes which include: i) spatial modulation OFDM, where information is sent by the indices of antennas along with conventional modulated symbols and ii) OFDM with index modulation, where the subcarriers' indices are used to send additional information; b) number-based OFDM modulation schemes which include OFDM with subcarrier number modulation, in which number of subcarriers is exploited to convey additional information; and c) shape-based OFDM modulation schemes which include OFDM with pulse superposition modulation, where the shape of pulses is introduced as a third new dimension to convey additional information. Based on the provided comparative study, the relationship and interaction between these different modulation options and the requirements of future 5G networks are discussed and explained. This paper is then concluded with some recommendations and future research directions.
Toward semantic-based parallelism in production systems (2002)

We propose a new approach for the parallel execution of production system programs. This approach embodies methods of decomposition abstraction using declarative mechanisms. Application semantics can then be exploited to achieve a much higher degree of concurrency. We present the underlying object-based framework of production systems and discuss the ensuing semantic-based dependency analysis technique. In particular, we define a new notion of functional dependency to characterize associative relationships among data objects, which can be used to determine concurrently executable rules.
A Major Functional Difference between the Mouse and Human ARF Tumor Suppressor Proteins (2002)

Suppression of tumorigenesis is considerably more stringent in the human than in the much shorter lived mouse species, and the reasons for this difference are poorly understood. We investigated functional differences in the control of the ARF (alternative reading frame) protein that acts upstream of p53 and is encoded along with p16(INK4a) at a major tumor suppressor locus in both the human and mouse genomes. The mouse and human ARF proteins are substantially divergent at their carboxyl termini. We have shown that the mouse ARF protein (p19ARF) interacts with Pex19p in the cell cytoplasm leading to its nuclear exclusion and repression of its p53 activation function. The human ARF protein (p14ARF) is substantially smaller than its mouse counterpart and is not subject to this functional inactivation by Pex19p. In an identical cellular background, ribozymes directed against Pex19p enhanced p19ARF- but not p14ARF-activated p53 function. This is the first demonstration of a functional difference between the mouse and human ARF proteins. In view of the major role of ARF in tumor suppression, this distinction may contribute to the different levels of tumor proneness of these species.
Synthesis and Structure−Affinity Relationships of Novel Dibenzylideneacetone Derivatives as Probes for β-Amyloid Plaques (2011)

A new and extensive set of dibenzylideneacetone derivatives was synthesized and screened for affinity toward Aβ(1-42) aggregates. Structure-activity relationships revealed the binding of dibenzylideneacetones to be affected by various substituents. The introduction of a substituent group in the ortho position reduced or abolished the binding. However, the para position was highly tolerant of sterically demanding substitutions. Three radioiodinated ligands (6, 70, and 71) and two (18)F fluoro-pegylated (FPEG) ligands (83 and 85) were prepared, all of which displayed high affinity for Aβ(1-42) aggregates (K(i) ranging from 0.9 to 7.0 nM). In biodistribution experiments, they exhibited good initial penetration (1.59, 4.68, 4.56, 4.13, and 5.15% ID/g, respectively, at 2 min) of and fast clearance from the brain. Autoradiography with sections of postmortem AD brain and transgenic mouse brain confirmed the high affinity of these tracers. These preliminary results strongly suggest the dibenzylideneacetone structure to be a potential new scaffold for β-amyloid imaging probes.
31 Mp and 39 Mp full-frame CCD image sensors with improved charge capacity and angle response (2006)

This paper describes the design and performance of two new high-resolution full-frame architecture CCD imaging devices for use in professional color, digital still-imaging applications. These devices are made using 6.8 &#956;m pixels and contain a dual-split HCCD register with two outputs to increase frame rate. The KODAK KAF-31600 Image Sensor (31 Mp) is designed with microlenses to maximize sensitivity, whereas the KODAK KAF-39000 Image Sensor (39 Mp) is designed without microlenses to maximize incident light-angle response. Of particular interest is the implementation of an under-the-field oxide (UFOX) lateral overflow drain (LOD) and thin light shield process technologies. The new UFOX LOD structure forms the LOD under the thick-field oxide that eliminates a breakdown condition, allowing much higher LOD doping levels to be used. The net result is that the LOD may be scaled to smaller dimensions, thereby enabling larger charge capacities without compromising blooming control. The thin light shield process utilizes only the TiW portion of the TiW/Al metal bilayer to form the pixel aperture. This reduces the overall stack height that helps improve angle response (for pixels using microlenses) or critical crosstalk angles (for pixels without microlenses).
Intégration Mixte SiP/SoC d'un Transmetteur en Technologie CMOS/BiCMOS/BAW/IPD pour des Applications Multimodes WCDMA/DCS (2009)

International audience
Computationally efficient decoding of LDPC codes (2009)

A computationally efficient algorithm for the decoding of low-density parity check codes is introduced. Instead of updating all bit and check nodes at each decoding iteration, the developed algorithm only updates unreliable check and bit nodes. A simple reliability criteria is developed to determine the active bit and check nodes per decoding iteration. Based on the developed technique, significant computation reductions are achieved with very little or no loss in the BER performance of the LDPC codes. The proposed method can be implemented with a slight modification to the sum–product algorithm with negligible additional hardware complexity.
Evaluation of classical NSAIDS and COX-2 selective inhibitors on purified ovine enzymes and human whole blood (2001)

peer reviewed
Lasing action in optically pumped Ga(NAsP) /GaP heterostructures (2006)

We report lasing of optically pumped Ga(AsNP)/GaP multiple quantum-well structures grown pseudomorphically on GaP substrate. A distinct threshold behaviour is observed at both cryogenic and room temperature; modal gain of up to 20 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> is determined.
Foxp1/4 control epithelial cell fate during lung development and regeneration through regulation of anterior gradient 2 (2012)

The molecular pathways regulating cell lineage determination and regeneration in epithelial tissues are poorly understood. The secretory epithelium of the lung is required for production of mucus to help protect the lung against environmental insults, including pathogens and pollution, that can lead to debilitating diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We show that the transcription factors Foxp1 and Foxp4 act cooperatively to regulate lung secretory epithelial cell fate and regeneration by directly restricting the goblet cell lineage program. Loss of Foxp1/4 in the developing lung and in postnatal secretory epithelium leads to ectopic activation of the goblet cell fate program, in part, through de-repression of the protein disulfide isomerase anterior gradient 2 (Agr2). Forced expression of Agr2 is sufficient to promote the goblet cell fate in the developing airway epithelium. Finally, in a model of lung secretory cell injury and regeneration, we show that loss of Foxp1/4 leads to catastrophic loss of airway epithelial regeneration due to default differentiation of secretory cells into the goblet cell lineage. These data demonstrate the importance of Foxp1/4 in restricting cell fate choices during development and regeneration, thereby providing the proper balance of functional epithelial lineages in the lung.
How I manage priapism due to sickle cell disease (2013)

Priapism due to sickle cell disease is a common but less well characterized complication of the disorder. It represents a "medical emergency" with the key determinant of outcome being the duration of penile ischaemia and time to detumescence of <4 h associated with a successful treatment outcome. Management can be outpatient-based and consists of pre-emptive strategies for early stuttering attacks based on prior health education of the association between the 2 disorders, non pharmacological management, outpatient penile aspiration and irrigation with or without instillation of alpha and beta adrenergic agonists for acute episodes and secondary prophylaxis to prevent the high rates of recurrences. The evidence to recommend medical prophylaxis is sparse but based on a consensus of experts and small phase 2 or III clinical trials. A clearer understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) involving normal and dysregulated erectile physiology, scavenger haemolysis and nitric oxide pathway paves way for the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in medical prophylaxis of stuttering attacks. These agents will need to be studied in multi-centre randomized phase III trials before they become standard of care. A multidisciplinary team approach is required to enhance "sexual wellness" and prevent erectile dysfunction in this sexually vulnerable group.
Reductive Conversion of Biomass-Derived Furancarboxylic Acids with Retention of Carboxylic Acid Moiety (2021)

Abstract Catalytic reduction systems of 2-furancarboxylic acid (FCA) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with H 2 without reduction of the carboxyl groups are reviewed. FCA and FDCA are produced from furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural which are important platform chemicals in biomass conversions. Furan ring hydrogenation to tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (THFCA) and tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (THFDCA) easily proceeds over Pd catalysts. Hydrogenolysis of one C–O bond in the furan ring produces 5-hydroxyvaleric acid (5-HVA) and 2-hydroxyadipic acid. 2-Hydroxyvaleric acid is not produced in the reported systems. 5-HVA can be produced as the lactone form (δ-valerolactone; DVL) or as the esters depending on the solvent. These reactions proceed over Pt catalysts with good yields (~ 70%) at optimized conditions. Hydrogenolysis of two C–O bonds in the furan ring produces valeric acid and adipic acid, the latter of which is a very important chemical in industry and its production from biomass is of high importance. Adipic acid from FDCA can be produced directly over Pt-MoO x catalyst, indirectly via hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation as one-pot reaction using the combination of Pt and acid catalysts such as Pt/niobium oxide, or indirectly via two-step reaction composed of hydrogenation catalyzed by Pd and hydrodeoxygenation catalyzed by iodide ion in acidic conditions. Only the two-step method can give good yield of adipic acid at present.
Search for the lepton-flavour violating decay D0→e±μ∓ (2016)

A search for the lepton-flavour violating decay D 0 e is made with a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. Candidate D 0 mesons are selected using the decay D * + D 0 + and the D 0 e branching fraction is measured using the decay mode D 0 K - + as a normalization channel. No significant excess of D 0 e candidates over the expected background is seen, and a limit is set on the branching fraction, B(D 0 e ) < 1.3 10 -8 , at 90% confidence level. This is an order of magnitude lower than the previous limit and it further constrains the parameter space in some leptoquark models and in supersymmetric models with R-parity violation.
A Comparison of mRNA Sequencing with Random Primed and 3′-Directed Libraries (2017)

Creating a cDNA library for deep mRNA sequencing (mRNAseq) is generally done by random priming, creating multiple sequencing fragments along each transcript. A 3'-end-focused library approach cannot detect differential splicing, but has potentially higher throughput at a lower cost, along with the ability to improve quantification by using transcript molecule counting with unique molecular identifiers (UMI) that correct PCR bias. Here, we compare an implementation of such a 3'-digital gene expression (3'-DGE) approach with "conventional" random primed mRNAseq. Given our particular datasets on cultured human cardiomyocyte cell lines, we find that, while conventional mRNAseq detects ~15% more genes and needs ~500,000 fewer reads per sample for equivalent statistical power, the resulting differentially expressed genes, biological conclusions, and gene signatures are highly concordant between two techniques. We also find good quantitative agreement at the level of individual genes between two techniques for both read counts and fold changes between given conditions. We conclude that, for high-throughput applications, the potential cost savings associated with 3'-DGE approach are likely a reasonable tradeoff for modest reduction in sensitivity and inability to observe alternative splicing, and should enable many larger scale studies focusing on not only differential expression analysis, but also quantitative transcriptome profiling.
Cellulose triacetate: another membrane for continuous renal replacement therapy. (1999)

The evolution of technology and biomaterials has permitted a parallel development of renal replacement therapies in the acute, critically ill patient. From the original continuous artero-venous hemofiltration method new techniques such as continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration and high-flux dialysis have been developed and are clinically used. Similar progress has been made with artificial membranes. We investigated the possibility of using a modified cellulosic membrane for continuous therapies, assessing the hydraulic characteristics and clearance performances of high-flux cellulose triacetate hemodiafilter (0.7 m2) in vitro and in vivo. The flowdynamic characteristics of the filter suggest its optimal use in veno-venous pump-drive techniques. Efficiency was excellent, with urea daily clearances as high as 50 liters or more. The high permeability and porosity of the membrane also increased the clearances of larger solutes such as creatinine and inulin. No side effects occurred during treatment and we conclude that cellulose triacetate may be considered a good alternative to synthetic membranes in continuous renal replacement therapies.
4′-C-Methoxy-2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro Modified Ribonucleotides Improve Metabolic Stability and Elicit Efficient RNAi-Mediated Gene Silencing (2017)

We designed novel 4'-modified 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorouridine (2'-F U) analogues with the aim to improve nuclease resistance and potency of therapeutic siRNAs by introducing 4'-C-methoxy (4'-OMe) as the alpha (C4'α) or beta (C4'β) epimers. The C4'α epimer was synthesized by a stereoselective route in six steps; however, both α and β epimers could be obtained by a nonstereoselective approach starting from 2'-F U. <sup>1</sup>H NMR analysis and computational investigation of the α-epimer revealed that the 4'-OMe imparts a conformational bias toward the North-East sugar pucker, due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding and hyperconjugation effects. The α-epimer generally conceded similar thermal stability as unmodified nucleotides, whereas the β-epimer led to significant destabilization. Both 4'-OMe epimers conferred increased nuclease resistance, which can be explained by the close proximity between 4'-OMe substituent and the vicinal 5'- and 3'-phosphate group, as seen in the X-ray crystal structure of modified RNA. siRNAs containing several C4'α-epimer monomers in the sense or antisense strands triggered RNAi-mediated gene silencing with efficiencies comparable to that of 2'-F U.
Disproportionation of Nitric Oxide Promoted by a Mn Tropocoronand (1998)

The synthesis and characterization of the divalent tropocoronand, [Mn(THF)(TC-5,5)] (1), are described. Compound 1 reacts with NO to afford a discrete mononitrosyl [Mn(NO)(TC-5,5)] (2), which was isolated and shown formally to contain the {MnIIINO-}2+ fragment by infrared spectroscopy, normal coordinate analysis, X-ray crystallography, and SQUID susceptometry. The Mn center in 2 has idealized trigonal bipyramidal geometry with the NO ligand occupying a coordination site in the equatorial plane. The Mn−N−O bond angle is nearly linear, 174.1(3)°. Compounds 1 and 2 react with excess NO to afford N2O and [Mn(NO2)(TC-5,5)] (3). The X-ray structure of 3 reveals coordination of the nitrito ligand through one oxygen atom, the Mn−O bond length being 2.09(4) Å. The other oxygen atom interacts weakly with the manganese center at a distance of 2.61(5) Å. Quantitation by gas chromatographic analysis of released N2O confirms that 1 equiv forms for each molecule of 2 which converts to 3. Infrared spectroscopic experiments with 14NO and 15NO suggest that a dinitrosyl intermediate is present during the reaction, mechanistic aspects of which are discussed.