gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Collection of Plasmid DNA in Large and Growing Animal Muscles 6 Weeks after DNA Vaccination with and without Electroporation (2015)

DNA vaccination has been developed in the last two decades in human and animal species as a promising alternative to conventional vaccination. It consists in the injection, in the muscle, for example, of plasmid DNA encoding the vaccinating polypeptide. Electroporation which forces the entrance of the plasmid DNA in cells at the injection point has been described as a powerful and promising strategy to enhance DNA vaccine efficacy. Due to the fact that the vaccine is composed of DNA, close attention on the fate of the plasmid DNA upon vaccination has to be taken into account, especially at the injection point. To perform such studies, the muscle injection point has to be precisely recovered and collected several weeks after injection. This is even more difficult for large and growing animals. A technique has been developed to localize precisely and collect efficiently the muscle injection points in growing piglets 6 weeks after DNA vaccination accompanied or not by electroporation. Electroporation did not significantly increase the level of remaining plasmids compared to nonelectroporated piglets, and, in all the cases, the levels were below the limit recommended by the FDA to research integration events of plasmid DNA into the host DNA.
Mesoscale Self-Assembly of Hexagonal Plates Using Lateral Capillary Forces:  Synthesis Using the “Capillary Bond” (1999)

This paper examines self-assembly in a quasi-two-dimensional, mesoscale system. The system studied here involves hexagonal plates (“hexagons”) of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS; 5.4 mm in diameter, 0.9−2.0 mm thick), with faces functionalized to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, floating at the interface between perfluorodecalin (PFD) and H2O. The hexagons assemble by capillary forces originating in the interactions of the menisci at their hydrophobic and hydrophilic rectangular faces. The strength and directionality of the interactions can be tailored by manipulating the heights of the faces, the pattern of the hydrophobic faces, the pattern of hydrophobic regions on these faces, and the densities of the three interacting phases (organic liquid, aqueous liquid, polymeric solid). Examination of all 14 possible combinations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces on the hexagonal plates led to three outcomes: (i) the extension of the strategies of self-assembly from the molecular to the mesoscale, (ii) the demonstration of a system in which small objects can be designed to self-assemble into a variety of arrays, and (iii) the hypothesis that capillary forces between objects can, in some circumstances, be considered to form the basis for a “bond” between themthe capillary bondand be used in synthesis in a way analogous to that in which noncovalent bonds are employed in molecular-scale synthesis.
A Scoping Review of Cross-Sectional Studies on Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021)

Cross-sectional studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM-CSs) have become the most published type of TCM observational study; however, the research scope of current TCM-CSs is unknown. A scoping review of the literature was performed. A descriptive approach to summarize the core study characteristics was prepared, along with structured tables and figures to identify salient points of similarities and differences noted across studies. The reporting quality of TCM-CSs was assessed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) cross-sectional checklist. Eight databases (Embase, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, AMED, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP) were systematically searched for TCM-CSs published up until 20 January 2020. The literature screening and evaluating were independently conducted by two researchers. When there was disagreement, a third-party senior researcher made the judgment. A total of 198 TCM-CSs published between 1997 and 2019 were included, 160 English studies and 38 Chinese studies, respectively. More TCM-CSs were published in each successive year. The journal <i>Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine</i> published more TCM-CSs (24) than any other journal. Most TCM-CSs were conducted in mainland China (81, 40.9%), followed by Taiwan, China (44, 22.2%) and HKSAR, China (19, 9.6%). The most commonly used sampling method was purposive sampling (94, 47.5%), following by convenience sampling (60, 30.3%). The research topics can be summarized in four major categories as follows: constitution-related research (11.1%), TCM pattern-related research (18.7%), TCM intervention-related research (55.1%), and others (15.6%). The average sufficient reporting rate of included TCM-CSs according to the STROBE cross-sectional checklist was 45.6%. Papers written in English reported 9 items (items 2, 4, 14a, 16a, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22) more frequently than papers written in Chinese. The number of TCM-CSs is increasing. Research topics are diverse; however, the reporting quality is unsatisfactory. In particular, TCM-CSs need greater transparency and standardization.
Correction to: The classification of scoliosis braces developed by SOSORT with SRS, ISPO, and POSNA and approved by ESPRM (2022)

status: Published
Ceramic Lighting (2013)

Ceramic materials used for lighting are generally classified into the following two groups: (i) transparent ceramics for lamp envelopes; and (ii) luminescent ceramics for solid-state lighting. This chapter attempts to address the questions of recent developments and trends in the field of ceramic lighting by using ceramic phosphors. It discusses the synthesis and photoluminescence of luminescent ceramics (powders and bulks), as well as their applications in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). There are generally two types of phosphor-converted white LEDs, depending on the number of phosphors used in the device. The one-phosphor-converted white LEDs are fabricated by pumping a yellow-emitting phosphor with a blue LED chip, while multiphosphor-converted white LEDs are prepared by combining a ultraviolet (UV)- or blue LED chip with phosphor blends. The former type of white LEDs promises high luminous efficacy, while the latter offers the possibilities of producing high color rendition white light.
A hardware and software framework for cognitive automobiles (2008)

This paper describes the hardware and software framework of AnnieWAY, an autonomous vehicle successfully competing at all qualification stages up to the finals of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DARPA</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Urban</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Challenge</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2007</i> competition. Besides the hardware premises for by-wire steering, braking, throttle control and sensors, two frameworks for high-level decision making and low-level control are described in detail. Furthermore, this contribution points out AnnieWAYpsilas safety features for both unmanned competition runs and manned testing. The system proves to be flexible, expandable, and robust at the same time.
High Frequency of Virus-Specific B Lymphocytes in Germinal Centers of Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Monkeys (2002)

The etiology of the lymphadenopathy and follicular hyperplasia associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has remained unclear. To determine whether the B-lymphocyte expansions characteristic of this syndrome represent polyclonal and virus-specific processes, the antigen specificity of B cells in lymphoid tissues of monkeys infected with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) chimeras was assessed using an inverse immunohistochemical assay with biotinylated HIV-1 envelope gp120 (Env) as an antigen probe. Env-binding B cells were found aggregated in lymph node and splenic germinal centers (GCs). Most Env-binding GCs also contained an unstained population of B cells, suggesting the GCs were formed by a polyclonal (oligoclonal) process. By day 42 following infection, Env-binding B cells were present in 19% of all lymph node GCs. Env-binding cells were present in 25% of GCs even during chronic infection. This extraordinarily high frequency of Env-specific B lymphocytes suggests that the expansion of virus-specific B cells may largely account for the follicular hyperplasia in AIDS virus-infected individuals.
Fault characteristics and protection scheme of islanded microgrid (2018)

Fault characteristics of islanded microgrid are different from that of grid-connected microgrid due to the system structure and control strategy of microsource, which is important to adaptability issues of traditional protections in islanded microgrid. Considering effects of load impedance and microsource models during the fault, this paper analyzed current characteristics of different branches during an asymmetrical fault in the line, presented phase characteristics of line currents on both sides of the line and the operating performance of current differential protection. A protection scheme based on real-time phase comparison of fault component of negative sequence current is proposed to identify the fault line and cut it reliably. Finally, a simulation model of islanded microgrid is built with PSCAD/EMTDC, the characteristics analysis and proposed protection scheme are verified by simulation results.
Cationic Ordering Coupled to Reconstruction of Basic Building Units during Synthesis of High-Ni Layered Oxides (2018)

Metal (M) oxides are one of the most interesting and widely used solids, and many of their properties can be directly correlated to the local structural ordering within basic building units (BBUs). One particular example is the high-Ni transition metal layered oxides, potential cathode materials for Li-ion batteries whose electrochemical activity is largely determined by the cationic ordering in octahedra (e.g., the BBUs in such systems). Yet to be firmly established is how the BBUs are inherited from precursors and subsequently evolve into the desired ordering during synthesis. Herein, a multimodal in situ X-ray characterization approach is employed to investigate the synthesis process in preparing LiNi<sub>0.77</sub>Mn<sub>0.13</sub>Co<sub>0.10</sub>O<sub>2</sub> from its hydroxide counterpart, at scales varying from the long-range to local individual octahedral units. Real-time observation corroborated by first-principles calculations reveals a topotactic transformation throughout the entire process, during which the layered framework is retained; however, due to preferential oxidation of Co and Mn over Ni, significant changes happen locally within NiO<sub>6</sub> octahedra. Specifically, oxygen loss and the associated symmetry breaking occur in NiO<sub>6</sub>; as a consequence, Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions become highly mobile and tend to mix with Li, causing high cationic disordering upon formation of the layered oxides. Only through high-temperature heat treatment, Ni is further oxidized, thereby inducing symmetry reconstruction and, concomitantly, cationic ordering within NiO<sub>6</sub> octahedra. Findings from this study shed light on designing high-Ni layered oxide cathodes and, more broadly, various functional materials through synthetic control of the constituent BBUs.
People and AI See Things Different Implications of Mismatched Perception on HCI for AI Systems (2019)

People and AI are increasingly interacting and collaborating in the context of critical application domains (e.g., healthcare, finance, transportation, and legal systems). There is often, however, a fundamental mismatch between how humans and machines perceive and reason about the world. This offers opportunities for bringing together multiple perspectives to reach better outcomes. On the other hand, this mismatch can hurt coordination and result in serious failures (e.g., semi-autonomous vehicle accidents and misdiagnoses by clinical decision support systems). We believe a key solution is to ground communications between humans and machines in their common perceptions while allowing people to inspect and verify the AI and appropriately intervene when necessary. Achieving this requires the HCI and AI communities to address several challenges and to co-design HCI-AI patterns that enable verifiability, control, and consistency.
Temperature sensitivity of POF links for avionics applications (2017)

We present an experimental study of the temperature sensitivity of three different step-index 1-mm PMMA fibers. Two of these fibers have a special jacket to sustain high temperatures: BH-4001 and LHXE-4001 and the other is a standard, GH-4001 fiber with a polyethylene jacket. We show that the fibers perform well within the manufacturer specified temperature operating ranges. Predictably, higher than specified temperatures can result in permanent damage and permanent performance degradation. This work expands our previous work on modelling POF on various fiber types and lengths, focusing on the short links found on airplanes.
Revisiting Nickel-Catalyzed Carbonylations: (Unexpected) Observation of Substrate-Dependent Mechanistic Differences (2022)

The (hydroxy)carbonylation of tertiary aliphatic alcohols and their corresponding olefins with a Ni-based catalyst system is investigated. This study builds on a previous mechanistic investigation into the Ni-catalyzed carbonylation of alcohols. The findings differed from what could be explained with the previously reported mechanisms, prompting this in-depth mechanistic study. Combined experimental and quantum chemical efforts are crucial for the rationalization of the observed reactivities and ultimately help reveal another isobutene-based catalytic pathway, accessible with these substrates. This study further expands the knowledge about Ni-catalyzed carbonylation reactions, which have been known for more than 70 years but were scarcely studied in detail from a mechanistic point of view.
Molecular-Scale Lubricants for Micromachine Applications: Final Report (1998)

The nature of this work was to develop the physics and chemistry base for understanding molecular-scale lubricants used to reduce of friction- and adhesion-induced failure in silicon micromachines (MEMS). We acquired this new knowledge by tailoring the molecular properties of the lubricants, applying local probes that can directly monitor the response of lubricants in contact conditions, and evaluating the performance of model lubricants MEMS devices. Model lubricants under investigation were the silane coupling agents that form monolayer films on native oxide silicon surfaces, which is the substrate in MEMS. These molecules bind via strong surface bonds and produce a layer of hydro- or fluoro-carbon chains normal to the substrate. "Tailoring" the lubricants entails modifying the chain length, the chain chemical reactivity (H or F), and the density of chain structures. Thus much effort went into understanding the surface chemistry of silane-silicon oxide coupling. With proximal probes such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), interracial force microscopy (FM), and shear force microscopy in combination with IFM, we examined the frictional and adhesive properties of the silane films with very high spatial resolution (< 100 nm) and sensitivity. MEMS structures are treated with silanes under identical conditions, and examined for friction and adhesion under operating conditions. Proper assessment of the lubricants required quantitative analysis of MEMS performance at high speeds and long operating times. Our proximal probe measurements and WS performance analyses form a very important link for future molecular dynamics simulations, that, in turn, should be able to predict MEMS performance under all conditions.
Cleavage of Recombinant and Plasma-Derived VWF by Human ADAMTS13 (2010)

Abstract Abstract 1415 A recombinant human CHO-expressed von Willebrand factor (rVWF) consisting of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) multimers resembles the VWF stored in Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. Once secreted into plasma, UHMW multimers are rapidly cleaved by ADAMTS13 and are usually missing in plasma-derived VWF (pdVWF). Here we analyzed in vitro whether the kinetics of cleavage of rVWF by ADAMTS13 is similar to that of pdVWF. The kinetics of ADAMTS13-mediated proteolysis of rVWF were explored under denaturing conditions (1.5 M urea) or under shear stress so as to expose the ADAMTS13 cleavage site of VWF. Multiple assays showed that rVWF was efficiently cleaved by ADAMTS13. UHMW multimers disappeared within seconds at physiological concentrations of ADAMTS13. Using lower concentrations of ADAMTS13 (10-30 mU/ml, equivalent to 1–3% of normal human plasma), UHMW were cleaved within 30 minutes. The typical satellite bands appeared very early in an ADAMTS13 dose-dependent manner. Virtually the same results were obtained when human plasma was used as a source for ADAMTS13. Although pdVWF differs from rVWF in its multimeric structure, the decrease in activity was similar for rVWF and pdVWF. Finally, the extent of ADAMTS13 cleavage was similar for rVWF and pdVWF when exposed to shear stress using a cone-plate viscometer. Our data clearly indicate that rVWF is a good substrate for ADAMTS13. Ongoing phase 1 studies demonstrated that rVWF is indeed processed by the protease when administered in humans with severe VWD. Disclosures: Rottensteiner: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Varadi:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Vejda:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Schwarz:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Turecek:Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.
Feature extraction using non-linear transformation for robust speech recognition on the Aurora database (2002)

We evaluate the performance of several feature sets on the Aurora task as defined by ETSI. We show that after a non-linear transformation, a number of features can be effectively used in a HMM-based recognition system. The non-linear transformation is computed using a neural network which is discriminatively trained on the phonetically labeled (forcibly aligned) training data. A combination of the non-linearly transformed PLP (perceptive linear predictive coefficients), MSG (modulation filtered spectrogram) and TRAP (temporal pattern) features yields a 63% improvement in error rate as compared to baseline me frequency cepstral coefficients features. The use of the non-linearly transformed RASTA-like features, with system parameters scaled down to take into account the ETSI imposed memory and latency constraints, still yields a 40% improvement in error rate.
Futuretech 2010- SH 2010 Welcome Message from the Workshop Organizers (2010)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Crossed beam studies of chemiluminescent, metastable atomic reactions. Excitation functions and rotational polarization in the reactions of Xe(3 P 2,0) with Br2 and CCl4 (1979)

The reactive scattering of Xe(3P2,0) by Br2 and CCl4 has been studied under crossed beam conditions, using a supersonic, rotor-accelerated metastable atomic beam, a nozzle expansion cross-beam and a chemiluminescence monitoring system. Excitation functions for the production of XeBr [B(½), (C()] and XeCl [B(½), C()] have been determined over the collision energy range, Et⩽ 125 kJ mol–1, as well as the energy dependence of the fluorescence polarization (and hence the product rotational polarization). The fluorescence spectra of the xenon halides have also been recorded under crossed beam conditions, at thermal energies. The results display a close similarity to the behaviour observed in the reactions of Cs with Br2 and CCl4 and have been interpreted in terms of a transition towards a spectator stripping regime at high collision energies (Et 100 kJ mol–1) in the reaction of Xe(3P2) with Br2, but a more complex interaction with CCl4 where steric considerations should be considered. All of the polarization measurements indicate electronic transitions in the rare gas halides polarized parallel to the internuclear axis (ΛΩ= 0).
Supplemental figure 18 from Preclinical Characterization of BET Family Bromodomain Inhibitor ABBV-075 Suggests Combination Therapeutic Strategies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Azacitidine enhance the degree of transcription regulation of a subset of ABBV-075-responsive genes&lt;/p&gt;
Nonadiabatic Effects in High-Harmonic Generation with Ultrashort Pulses (1996)

High-harmonic generation using ultrashort laser pulses with pulse durations 25 to 200 fs is studied theoretically and experimentally. We observe that the harmonic spectrum of argon taken with 25 fs laser pulses contains harmonics up to 20 orders higher than for 100 fs laser pulses with the same intensity. We show that this increase in harmonics is because the atom survives to higher laser intensities, due in part to the nonadiabatic response of the atomic dipole to the fast rise time of our pulse.
Pre-trained models: Past, present and future (2021)

Large-scale pre-trained models (PTMs) such as BERT and GPT have recently achieved great success and become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Owing to sophisticated pre-training objectives and huge model parameters, large-scale PTMs can effectively capture knowledge from massive labeled and unlabeled data. By storing knowledge into huge parameters and fine-tuning on specific tasks, the rich knowledge implicitly encoded in huge parameters can benefit a variety of downstream tasks, which has been extensively demonstrated via experimental verification and empirical analysis. It is now the consensus of the AI community to adopt PTMs as backbone for downstream tasks rather than learning models from scratch. In this paper, we take a deep look into the history of pre-training, especially its special relation with transfer learning and self-supervised learning, to reveal the crucial position of PTMs in the AI development spectrum. Further, we comprehensively review the latest breakthroughs of PTMs. These breakthroughs are driven by the surge of computational power and the increasing availability of data, towards four important directions: designing effective architectures, utilizing rich contexts, improving computational efficiency, and conducting interpretation and theoretical analysis. Finally, we discuss a series of open problems and research directions of PTMs, and hope our view can inspire and advance the future study of PTMs.
On the Si Surface Flattening Effect and Gate Insulator Breakdown Characteristic of Radical Reaction Based Insulator Formation Technology (2011)

2011 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,On the Si Surface Flattening Effect and Gate Insulator Breakdown Characteristic of Radical Reaction Based Insulator Formation Technology
Rôle crucial des protéines Polycomb d’origine maternelle dans le développement précoce de l’embryon de souris (2012)

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