gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Set‐LRP of MMA in acetic acid (2010)

Abstract Single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) has emerged as a reliable, robust, and straight forward tool for the construction of well‐defined polymers. This manuscript reports on the influence of acidity on the SET‐LRP process. The SET‐LRP of methyl methacrylate initiated with tosyl chloride and catalyzed by Cu(0)/Me 6 ‐TREN at 50 °C in protic solvent mixtures containing acetic acid is described. The polymerization kinetics was recorded in the presence of various amounts of acetic acid. Hereby it was found that the SET‐LRP process tolerates considerable acidity. The SET‐LRP of MMA comprising 1, 2.5, 10, and 25% acetic acid were well controlled. The reactions followed first‐order kinetic in monomer consumption and the molecular weights increased linearly with conversion while retaining narrow molecular weight distribution. In all cases, complete monomer conversion was achieved. Acetic acid could be also used as a solvent for the SET‐LRP of MMA. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Characterization of a G-quartet formation reaction promoted by the .beta.-subunit of the Oxytricha telomere-binding protein (1993)

Telomeres, the ends of linear chromosomes, typically consists of tandem repeats of a simple guanine-rich sequence. Telomeric DNA is able to form intermolecular G-quartet structures. The beta-subunit of the Oxytricha telomere-binding protein acts as a molecular chaperone to promote the formation of dimers and specific higher order complexes of telomeric DNA stabilized by G-quartets; these reactions occur under physiological conditions in vitro. In the present article, we show that, at saturating protein concentrations (> or = 200 nM), beta-mediated G-quartet formation is a first-order reaction with respect to DNA concentration, with k approximately 1 h-1 at 37 degrees C. In contrast, the protein-independent reaction is a second-order reaction. The beta-subunit enhances the rate of G-quartet formation by 10(5)-10(6)-fold at a telomeric DNA concentration of 20 nM. The beta-mediated higher order complexes are identified as parallel four-stranded tetramers of telomeric DNA (G4-DNA). Poly-L-lysine also promotes formation of the tetramers, but not dimers. These DNA structures were studied by irreversible thermal melting experiments and probed by annealing to different complementary strands. Guanine residues important for structure formation were analyzed by methylation interference experiments. On the basis of these data, models for the beta-mediated structures are proposed, and possible mechanisms for the beta-mediated reaction are discussed. In addition, we found that the beta-subunit promotes the annealing of two complementary strands into a duplex, as do many other basic proteins. However, not all proteins with annealing-promoting activity are active in the formation of G-quartet structures. The activity of the telomere protein in promoting the formation of telomeric DNA structures may enable chromosome-chromosome association or the regulation of telomerase activity in vivo.
Enhancement of structural stiffness in MEMS structures (2006)

Many optical applications require smooth micromirror reflective surfaces with large radius of curvature. Usually when using surface micromachining technology and as a result of residual stress and stress gradient in thin films, the control of residual curvature is a difficult task. In this work, two engineering approaches were developed to enhance structural stiffness of micromirrors. 1) By integrating stiffening structures and thermal annealing. The stiffening structures consist of U-shaped profiles integrated with the mirror (dimension 200×300 &#956;m<sup>2</sup>). 2) By combining selective electroplating and flip-chip based technologies. Nickel was used as electroplated material with optimal stress values around ±10 MPa for layer thicknesses of about 10 &#956;m. With the former approach, typical curvature radii of about 1.5 cm and 0.6 cm along mirror width and length were obtained, respectively. With the latter approach, an important improvement in the micromirror planarity and flatness was achieved with curvature radius up to 23 cm and roughness lower than 5 nm rms for typical 1000×1000 &#956;m<sup>2</sup> micromirrors.
Effect of hydrochlorothiazide in addition to telmisartan/amlodipine combination for treating hypertensive patients uncontrolled with telmisartan/amlodipine: a randomized, double-blind study (2016)

The efficacy and safety of telmisartan 80 mg/amlodipine 5 mg plus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (T80/A5/H12.5) was examined for its ability to treat hypertension in Japanese patients whose hypertension is uncontrolled with telmisartan 80 mg/amlodipine 5 mg (T80/A5). Patients aged ⩾20 years who had essential hypertension despite taking two or three antihypertensive drugs entered a 6-week run-in period on T80/A5. Patients whose hypertension remained uncontrolled were randomly assigned to either the T80/A5/H12.5 group (n=149) or the T80/A5 group (n=160), once daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, patients in the T80/A5/H12.5 group showed a significantly greater adjusted mean reduction in both seated diastolic blood pressure and seated systolic blood pressure than those in the T80/A5 group. Furthermore, more patients achieved a diastolic/systolic blood pressure of <90/140 mm Hg in the T80/A5/H12.5 group compared with the T80/A5 group. The most common adverse events were nasopharyngitis, elevated blood uric acid levels and hyperuricemia, and the latter two events were more frequent in the T80/A5/H12.5 group than in the T80/A5 group. Overall, T80/A5/H12.5 administered for 8 weeks significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and was well tolerated by patients with hypertension uncontrolled with T80/A5.
Structured Singular Value Control for Modular Resource Management in Multilayer Computers (2018)

Computer systems are operating in environments where applications are rapidly diversifying while resources like energy and storage are becoming severely limited. These environments demand that computers dynamically manage their resources efficiently to deliver the best performance and meet many goals. An important challenge in designing computer resource management systems is that computers are structured in multiple modular layers, such as hardware, operating system, and network. Each layer is complex and designed independently without full knowledge of the other layers. Therefore, computers must have modular resource controllers for each layer that are robust to modeling limitations and the uncertainty of influence from other layers. Existing designs either rely heavily on ad hoc heuristics or lack modularity. We present a design with multiple Structured Singular Value (SSV) controllers from robust control theory for systematic and efficient computer management. On a challenging computer, we build a two-layer SSV control system that significantly outperforms state-of-the-art heuristics.
The Velox Transactional Memory Stack (2010)

The adoption of multi- and many-core architectures for mainstream computing undoubtedly brings profound changes in the way software is developed. In particular, the use of fine grained locking as the multi-core programmer's coordination methodology is considered by more and more experts as a dead-end. The transactional memory (TM) programming paradigm is a strong contender to become the approach of choice for replacing locks and implementing atomic operations in concurrent programming. Combining sequences of concurrent operations into atomic transactions allows a great reduction in the complexity of both programming and verification, by making parts of the code appear to execute sequentially without the need to program using fine-grained locking. Transactions remove from the programmer the burden of figuring out the interaction among concurrent operations that happen to conflict when accessing the same locations in memory. The EU-funded FP7 VELOX project designs, implements and evaluates an integrated TM stack, spanning from programming language to the hardware support, and including runtime and libraries, compilers, and application environments. This paper presents an overview of the VELOX TM stack and its associated challenges and contributions.
Electro-Absorption Modulator Thermo-Optical Self-Heating Analysis (2023)

In this work a novel methodology is presented for coupled thermo-optical modelling of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM). First, an optical FDTD simulation results in the light absorption map in the EAM waveguide. This absorption is used as a heat source boundary condition in a thermal finite element (FE) simulation in order to calculate the waveguide temperature. The FE model is validated with experimental data. The temperature is averaged over the device length and used as input in a compact, fully coupled thermo-optical model. The model reveals a thermal instability of the device characteristic, which limits the maximum amount of optical power the device can handle. Finally, using the thermal FE model, a self-heating mitigation strategy is proposed. Using process compatible design changes, self-heating can be reduced by up to 40%, greatly increasing the EAM optical power handling capabilities.
Optimizing YOLOv7 for semiconductor defect detection (2023)

The field of object detection using Deep Learning (DL) is constantly evolving with many new techniques and models being proposed. YOLOv7 is a state-of-the-art object detector based on the YOLO family of models which have become popular for industrial applications. One such possible application domain can be semiconductor defect inspection. The performance of any machine learning model depends on its hyperparameters. Furthermore, combining predictions of one or more models in different ways can also affect performance. In this research, we experiment with YOLOv7, a recently proposed, state-of-the-art object detector, by training and evaluating models with different hyperparameters to investigate which ones improve performance in terms of detection precision for semiconductor line space pattern defects. The base YOLOv7 model with default hyperparameters and Non Maximum Suppression (NMS) prediction combining outperforms all RetinaNet models from previous work in terms of mean Average Precision (mAP).We find that vertically flipping images randomly during training yields a 3% improvement in the mean AP of all defect classes. Other hyperparameter values improved AP only for certain classes compared to the default model. Combining models that achieve the best AP for different defect classes was found to be an effective ensembling strategy. Combining predictions from ensembles using Weighted Box Fusion (WBF) prediction gave the best performance. The best ensemble with WBF improved on the mAP of the default model by 10%.
Organocatalysts for the Reaction of Dimethyl Carbonate with 2,4-Diaminotoluene (2008)

Four nitrogen-containing organic compounds [1,5,7-triazabicyclo(4,4,0)dec-5-ene, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, N-methylimidazole, and l-proline] have been tested as organocatalysts for the reaction of dimethyl carbonate with an aromatic diamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene (DAT). Although, generally, N-methylation was the predominant process, variable proportions of N-carbamoylation were also observed. Reaction kinetics indicates that N-methylation and N-carbamoylation are independent and parallel processes. DAT conversion increases as the temperature increased over the range of 105−125 °C. Besides the nature of the organocatalyst, the ratio between N-methylation/N-carbamoylation was influenced by the DAT-to-DMC ratio: higher DAT proportions increased the DAT conversion and favored N-carbamoylation. 4-(N,N-dimethylamine)pyridine was determined to be the most active organocatalyst of the series and, under certain conditions, can lead to selective N-methylation with high conversion.
Canine bombesin‐like gastrin releasing peptides stimulate gastrin release and acid secretion in the dog. (1985)

The synthetic mammalian bombesin-like peptides, canine gastrin releasing peptide 27, 23 and 10, and porcine gastrin releasing peptide 27 were compared with amphibian bombesin 14 and 10 during intravenous infusions into six conscious dogs with chronic gastric cannulae. Gastrin and gastrin releasing peptide were measured in peripherally sampled venous blood by radioimmunoassay and gastric acid secretions were collected. All forms of gastrin releasing peptide stimulated gastrin release and gastric acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The larger canine and porcine peptides were more potent than the decapeptide. Bombesin 14 was more potent than bombesin 10. A rise in the venous concentration of immunoreactive gastrin releasing peptide of only 20 fmol ml-1 stimulated gastrin release to about 50% of maximal. Gastrin releasing peptide 10 was cleared from the circulation three times faster than the larger forms and this may account for the apparent differences in potency.
Investigating Biomarkers for COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality (2023)

The present study confirms and extends the validity of routine laboratory biomarkers (i.e., lipase, AST, ALT, LDH, CK, IL-6, ferritin in women, CRP and D-dimer) as indicators of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the investigation suggests that both gross changes in albumin and MGB, markers of liver and heart damage, may early disclose COVID-19 fatal outcomes.
Concurrent dual band hybrid power amplifier in 0.25μm GaN technology (2017)

This paper reports a dual-band radio frequency (RF) high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) employing 0.25 μm gallium nitride (GaN) technology for multi-band transmitter applications. The hybrid PA simultaneously covers 2-distinct telemetry bands, L (1.435-1.85 GHz) and C (5-5.15 GHz). The concurrent PA has a simulated large signal gain of 12.5 dB, saturated output power (Pout) of 35.5 dBm, and power added efficiency (PAE) of 65% at Upper L-band with greater than 50% efficiency through the entire L Band. Similarly, the PA achieves large signal gain of 13.7 dB, Pout of 36.7 dBm, and PAE of 61 % at C-band.
Comparisons of Various Physical Cleaning (2012)

Physical cleaning uses the physical force for particle removing process and the physical force can be represented by PRE(%) and pattern damage. Using the damage proving pattern, which was composed with conductive material for electrical detection, the damage of physical cleaning was quantitatively analyzed. And pattern damage was calculated with a form of damage density and plotted with pattern CD. Using PRE(%) and three parameters, which were derived in the damage density plot, the comparison of various physical cleaning was performed..
FIB Suppression with Virtual Aggregation (2011)

The continued growth in the Default Free Routing Table (DFRT) stresses
the global routing system in a number of ways. One of the most costly
stresses is FIB size: ISPs often must upgrade router hardware simply
because the FIB has run out of space, and router vendors must design
routers that have adequate FIB. FIB suppression is an approach to
relieving stress on the FIB by NOT loading selected RIB entries into
the FIB. Virtual Aggregation (VA) allows ISPs to shrink the FIBs of
any and all routers, easily by an order of magnitude with negligible
increase in path length and load. FIB suppression deployed
autonomously by an ISP (cooperation between ISPs is not required), and
can co-exist with legacy routers in the ISP. There are no changes from
the 03 version.
Pulse sequence for multislice T1ρ‐weighted MRI (2004)

A 2D multislice spin-lock (MS-SL) MR pulse sequence is presented for rapid volumetric T1rho-weighted imaging. Image quality is compared with T1rho-weighted data collected using a single-slice (SS) SL sequence and T2-weighted data from a standard MS spin-echo (SE) sequence. Saturation of longitudinal magnetization by the application of nonselective SL pulses is experimentally measured and theoretically modeled as T2rho decay. The saturation data is used to correct the image data as a function of the SL pulse duration to make quantitative measurements of T1rho. Measurements of T1rho using the saturation-corrected MS-SL data are nearly identical to those measured using an SS-SL sequence. The MS-SL sequence produces quantitative T1rho maps of an entire sample volume with the high-SNR advantages conferred by SE-based sequences.
Characterization of peptide O∙∙∙HN hydrogen bonds via multidimensional 1H-detected 15N/17O solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2022)

Solid-state NMR methods with high resolution and sensitivity are presented for identification and charaterization of hydrogen-bonded 15N/17O atomic pairs in peptide samples. Indirect 1H detection under fast magic-angle spinning, and the stronger 1H-15N and 1H-17O couplings are leveraged to significantly improve sensitivity over previous methods that use direct 15N-17O interactions.
Improved magnetic suspension densimeter for biochemical reactions (1988)

An improved version of our magnetic suspension densimeter has been developed for use with samples of aqueous systems as small as 100 μl. The instrument’s sensitivity to a change in density of the solution under test (measured as a voltage shift) is 0.1 mV≊4.5×10−6 g ml−1, with a base-line drift less than 9 μV/h. The nonlinearity of the densimeter’s response is less than 5 ppm over its calibration range. In this paper, we describe the new magnetic suspension circuit, discuss the precision limits of the instrument, and present the results of measurements made on a tetracarboxylate sequestering agent known as BAPTA which we use as a calcium-ion indicator.
Cell‐density‐dependence for growth in agarose of two human lymphoma lines and its decrease after epstein‐barr virus conversion (1979)

We have compared the growth in agarose medium of two EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma lines, BJAB and Ramos, and that of their EBV-converted derivatives. Optimal conditions for growth in agarose medium are described. The original EBV-negative lines can grow in agarose to a high efficiency, provided a critical level of cell concentration is attained. Below this level, there is no growth at all. EBV-converted sublines form colonies at a much lower cell concentration, and their maximal plating efficiency is higher. These differences may be related to a super-transformation state induced in these cells by EBV.
Formulation, stability and application of a semi-coupled 3-D four-field algorithm (1996)

A new 3-D four-field algorithm has been developed to predict general two-phase flows. Ensemble averaged transport equations of mass, momentum, energy and turbulence transport are solved for each field (continuous liquid, continuous vapor, disperse liquid, disperse vapor). This four-field structure allows for analysis of adiabatic and boiling systems which contain flow regimes from bubbly through annular. Interfacial mass, momentum, turbulence and heat transfer models provide coupling between phases. A new semi-coupled implicit method is utilized to solve the set of 25 equations which arise in the formulation. In this paper, three important component numerical strategies employed in the method are summarized. These include: (1) incorporation of interfacial momentum force terms in the control volume face flux reconstruction, (2) phase coupling at the linear solver level, and in the pressure-velocity coupling itself and (3) a multi-step Jacobi block correction scheme for efficient solution of the pressure-Poisson equation. The necessity/effectiveness of these strategies is demonstrated in applications to realistic engineering flows. Though some heated flow test cases are considered, the particular numerics discussed here are germane to adiabatic flows with and without mass transfer.
SHIELD: A novel NFV-based cybersecurity framework (2017)

SHIELD is an EU-funded project, targeting at the design and development of a novel cybersecurity framework, which offers security-as-a-Service in an evolved telco environment. The SHIELD framework leverages NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) and SDN (Software-Defined Networking) for virtualization and dynamic placement of virtualised security appliances in the network (virtual Network Security Functions - vNSFs), Big Data analytics for real-time incident detection and mitigation, as well as attestation techniques for securing both the infrastructure and the services. This papers discusses key use cases and requirements for the SHIELD framework and presents a high-level architectural approach.
Current status of polymerase chain reaction inspection from specimen pre-stage processing to information aggregation, and system concept to overcome issues of inspection system (2022)

The spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has revealed issues regarding the number of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests that can be conducted daily, testing system used, and organizations that conduct these tests in Japan. This research aims to realize an automated inspection system by utilizing robotics technology and information management technology to prepare for possible future virus mutations and pandemics. In this paper, the requirements and technology trend surveys and issues about PCR inspections are extracted and a new concept is formed from the results. The functionality of the system consists of the following processes: pre-stage process, RNA extraction, real-time PCR, and information aggregation. Furthermore, the system is flexible and continuous. This system is particularly effective in prefectural public health institutes, which play an important role in the early stages of a pandemic. Future works of this study may consider the enhancement of the pre-stage and information aggregation processes of the system.
Association of Resistance Exercise with Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Adults - A Population-based study (2007)

The importance of resistance exercise for the promotion of healthy living, particularly the maintenance of muscle mass and strength, is widely recognized. Maintaining muscle mass may be protective against the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the epidemiological relationship between resistance exercise and impaired glucose metabolism, independent of total physical activity (PA) time. PURPOSE: We examined the association of participation in resistance exercise with impaired glucose metabolism in Australian adults. METHODS: This population-based cross-sectional study undertaken in 2004/2005 (AusDiab) included 5,775 adults aged ≥ 25 years who were free from diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Impaired glucose metabolism (impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance or undiagnosed diabetes) was based on an oral glucose tolerance test (1999 WHO criteria). Self-reported resistance exercise time (BRFSS) and total PA time (previous week) was assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: There were 1,036 individuals identified as having impaired glucose metabolism. The percentage of adults who reported participating in some form of resistance exercise was similar in men and women (20.6%) and decreased with advancing age(p = 0.001). In those with impaired glucose metabolism, 14.0% reported some resistance exercise in the previous week, compared to 22.0% in those with normal glucose metabolism. In multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, education, smoking, parental history of diabetes, TV viewing time and total PA time, the odds ratio (OR) of having impaired glucose metabolism were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.2-2.2) in men and 1.32 (1.0-1.7) in women who did not undertake resistance exercise, compared with those who reported some resistance exercise. Further adjustment for waist circumference attenuated the associations; they remained significant in men [OR 1.5 (1.1-2.0)], but not in women [OR 1.2 (0.9-1.6)]. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a protective effect of resistance exercise, independent of total PA time, on impaired glucose metabolism in adults. Resistance exercise should be considered in programs addressing the primary prevention of diabetes in persons with impaired glucose metabolism.