gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drop impact life prediction model for lead-free BGA packages and modules (2005)

System-in-package (SiP) such as multi-chip or stacked die BGA modules with wirebond, flip-chip or hybrid interconnect are getting popular for advanced packaging applications. The design of SiP is more dependent on modeling as the package structure and failure mechanism are too complicated to be studied. It is known that drop impact reliability of lead-free BGA solder joints is a critical challenge. Drop impact life of IC packages mounted on board becomes a hot topic, especially for design and qualification of handheld electronic products. Actual drop test and sample preparation are very expensive and time-consuming, requiring much manpower in measurement and failure analysis, and therefore, there are limited drop test results reported to advise on the package design enhancement, especially for lead-free packages. In this paper, various design parameters are studied experimentally and numerically, to understand the effects of ball height, ball size, and ball layout. A thorough understanding of design variables on impact life of IC packages are obtained based on such well-designed and controlled experiments. On the other hand, more that 10 BGA packages with different package size, ball layout, package layout, and die thickness are tested with well-controlled drop tester. For the first time, an accurate drop impact life prediction model is established for lead-free (SnAgCu) BGA packages and modules, having good correlation with 16 cases of actual board level drop testing results. This quantitative approach is different from traditional qualitative modeling, as it provides both accurate relative and absolute impact life prediction. The validated model is applied to provide design guidelines for lead'free BGA and modules to improve their drop impact reliability. One point to be noted is that the relative performance of package may be different under board level drop test and thermal cycling test. Therefore, different design guidelines should be considered, depending on application and area of concern.
A Dataset and Baselines for Multilingual Reply Suggestion (2021)

Reply suggestion models help users process emails and chats faster. Previous work only studies English reply suggestion. Instead, we present MRS, a multilingual reply suggestion dataset with ten languages. MRS can be used to compare two families of models: 1) retrieval models that select the reply from a fixed set and 2) generation models that produce the reply from scratch. Therefore, MRS complements existing cross-lingual generalization benchmarks that focus on classification and sequence labeling tasks. We build a generation model and a retrieval model as baselines for MRS. The two models have different strengths in the monolingual setting, and they require different strategies to generalize across languages. MRS is publicly available at https://github.com/zhangmozhi/mrs.
CCNx Messages in TLV Format (2019)

This document specifies the encoding of CCNx messages in a TLV packet
format, including the TLV types used by each message element and the
encoding of each value. The semantics of CCNx messages follow the
encoding-independent CCNx Semantics specification. This document is a
product of the Information Centric Networking research group (ICNRG).
Frontal Affinity Chromatography for the Screening of Mixtures (2002)

A protein stationary phase for frontal affinity chromatography was prepared, containing biotinylated beta-galactosidase immobilized to controlled pore glass beads via covalently bonded streptavidin. Single microaffinity columns of approximately 30 pmol of active beta-galactosidase were prepared from this material and characterized with a known ligand by frontal analysis. These columns were used to measure the specific interactions between the bound beta-galactosidase and a library of modified beta-galactopyranosides using electrospray mass spectrometry as the means of detection. The library contained 89 entries, each representing 4 diastereomers for a total of 356 library members. A single entry was analysed revealing differential activity among the 4 isomers. The library was grouped into 10 mixtures of 24-40 members each with each mixture infused under frontal chromatographic conditions. This deconvolution procedure led to the identification of 34 entries containing isomers with K(d) values better than 10 microM. A method based on a displacement principle was implemented as a rapid prescreen which served as the basis for a parallel column high throughput screening assay.
Optimal linear decentralized estimation in a bandwidth constrained sensor network (2005)

Consider a bandwidth constrained sensor network in which a set of distributed sensors and a fusion center (FC) collaborate to estimate an unknown vector. Due to power and cost limitations, each sensor must compress its data in order to minimize the amount of information that need to be communicated to the FC. In this paper, we consider the design of a linear decentralized estimation scheme (DES) whereby each sensor transmits over a noisy channel to the FC a fixed number of real-valued messages which are linear functions of its observations, while the FC linearly combines the received messages to estimate the unknown parameter vector. Assuming each sensor collects data according to a local linear model, we propose to design optimal linear message functions and linear fusion function according to the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion. We show that the resulting design problem is nonconvex and NP-hard in general, and identify two special cases for which the optimal linear DES design problem can be efficiently solved either in closed form or by semi-definite programming (SDP).
On the origin of a potential clearance marker: The contribution of enlarged perivascular fluid diffusion to an MRI derived proxy of interstitial fluid (2022)

Abstract Background IntraVoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) MRI can detect the diffusion of cerebral interstitial fluid (ISF) ( D int ) and its volume fraction ( f int ), which has the potential as a proxy of cerebral waste clearance. f int has been suggested to both be driven by fluid diffusivity within enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) ‐ transporting fluid from the subarachnoid space into the parenchyma ‐ and the ISF between the parenchymal cells. Both factors play a crucial role in soluble protein clearance, e.g., Amyloid‐Beta (Aβ). This study simultaneously aims to verify the contribution of ePVS fluid diffusivity to f int and highlights the ability to specifically assess ePVS fluid diffusion in the cerebrum using a non‐invasive MR method. Method Twenty neurotypical elderly subjects (Table 1) underwent ultra‐high field MRI (7T research system, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) (Table 2). The intermediate diffusion components ( D int ) in the range 1.5 * 10 ‐3 &lt;Diffusivity&lt;4.0 * 10 ‐3 mm 2 /s were calculated using spectral analysis (Fig.1). The relative signal contribution of D int was quantified by f int . ePVS were segmented from the enhanced perivascular contrast images (Fig.2). Median f int values were extracted from ePVS and non‐ePVS voxels within the basal ganglia (BG). f int and D int values from within the ePVS mask were compared with values from surrounding non‐ePVS voxels in the BG using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests. Result Figure 3 contains a graphic summary of the statistical comparison of D int and f int values from the ePVS and non‐ePVS voxels in the BG. Higher D int and f int values are observed in the ePVS compared to the non‐ePVS tissue. Conclusion The current study identified a higher IVIM‐derived proxy of ISF within the ePVS compared to surrounding non‐ePVS tissue, confirming that ePVS indeed contribute to the waste clearance marker f int . ePVS are fluid‐filled spaces surrounding cerebral blood vessels, in which ISF diffusivity is less restricted. This explains the higher D int values in ePVS compared to non‐ePVS. Furthermore, this study suggests a potential method to investigate diffusivity within the microscopic ePVS, independent of the ISF diffusivity between parenchymal cells. In patients with Alzheimer’s disease, this method could be applied to investigate alterations in ISF diffusivity which could be representative of potential Aβ blockages in ePVS.
Measured QoS performance of the DOCSIS hybrid-fiber coax cable network (2004)

The measured QoS performance of the DOCSIS hybrid-fiber coax (HFC) cable network is presented for the first time in this paper. The intent of the study is to characterize the behavior of the network in terms of throughput, packet loss rate, and average delay under different degrees of network loading and prioritization profiles. It is shown that the quantitative results can be derived using the Smartbits network analyzer. Based on the measurement results obtained, a QoS model using the weighted fair queuing algorithm was developed for the CMTS scheduler. Simulation results from OPNET demonstrated a close match between this model and the measured results. The empirical results and QoS model presented in this paper is useful for researchers and network designers who wish to understand the practical characteristics of the DOCSIS network.
Evacuation of People with Disabilities (2006)

Abstract Since people with disabilities obtained the right to access the built environment, emergency evacuation of people with functional limitations has been an issue in building design and code development activities. Recent events, however, have emphasized that evacuation problems for this group extend beyond building design to include preparedness, the process of evacuation and the recovery efforts as well. This paper describes the extent of the problem and identifies key research and development issues. An argument is advanced for universal design approaches that will integrate concern for disability into all evacuation practices and benefit not just people with disabilities, but all stakeholders.
Using a High-Level Test Generation Expert System for Testing In-Car Networks (2014)

The rising size and complexity of in-car networks call for more advanced and scalable verification solutions. We propose a verification methodology for in-car networks based on a system level test generator tool used for creating massive random biased stimuli, and on coverage and checking monitors. The test generator is an expert system based on an ontology of testing knowledge. A significant challenge is the continuous nature of the stimuli needed to represent the physical environment and the state of the internal components controlled by the vehicle's electronic systems. We report on applying our methodology to an example in-car network simulator.
Rift Valley Fever: veterinarian aspects and impact for human health (2009)

International audience
Outcome of patients with an ultralow risk 70-gene signature in the MINDACT trial. (2021)

500 Background: Gene signatures have proven successful in identifying patients with a low risk of distant recurrence who could forego chemotherapy (CT) and are currently included in international treatment guidelines for breast cancer. For the 70-gene signature (MammaPrint) an additional threshold was established within the low risk category to identify patients with an ultralow risk of distant recurrence. In independent cohorts, these patients had excellent breast cancer specific survival at 15 years, suggesting that ultralow risk cancers represent indolent disease (Esserman, JAMA Oncol 2017, Delahaye, BC Res Treat 2017). Here we evaluate survival of patients with an ultralow risk 70-gene signature who participated in the randomized phase 3 MINDACT trial (Piccart, Lancet Oncol 2021). Methods: Of the 6,693 patients enrolled in the MINDACT trial (EORTC 10041/BIG 3-04) between 2007-2011, profiling revealed an ultralow risk 70-gene signature in 1,000 patients (15%). We assessed 5- and 8-year distant metastasis free interval (DMFI) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) in patients stratified by 70-gene signature result (high, low, ultralow), and within the ultralow risk group stratified by clinical risk. For these exploratory analyses, we used Kaplan-Meier estimates for time to event endpoints and Cox-regression models to calculate hazard ratio’s (HR). Results: Median follow-up was 8.7 years. Among the ultralow risk patients (n = 1,000), 67% were ≥50 years, 81% had tumors &lt; 2cm, 80% were lymph node negative, 96% had grade 1 or 2 tumors and 99% were ER-positive. Systemic therapy was received by 83% of patients (69% endocrine therapy (ET), 14% ET + CT) and 16% received no adjuvant systemic treatment (AST). Survival estimates for all endpoints are shown in the table; 8-year DMFI was 97.0% (95% CI 95.8-98.1) for ultralow risk. The 8-year DMFI in ultralow risk patients who received no AST or ET only was 97.8% (95% CI 95.3-100) and 97.4% (95% CI 96.1-98.7), respectively. The HR for DMFI was 0.66 (95% CI 0.46-0.95) for ultralow vs low risk, after adjusting for tumor and treatment characteristics (preliminary results). Conclusions: In this prospective study, patients with an ultralow risk 70-gene signature have an excellent prognosis with 8-year BCSS above 99% regardless of clinical risk status, and with an 8-year DMFI of 95-98%.[Table: see text]
ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED SAMPLER FOR MILK COMPONENT SENSORS (2002)

Two prototype samplers were designed and tested to capture a small sample (about 5 mL) during machine milking,so that harvested milk could be automatically analyzed for different components in realtime. To capture a sample, bothsamplers opened a fill port and a bleed port from the long milk tube under vacuum (about 50 kPa) to a sample reservoir,allowing milk to passively drain into the reservoir. Milk was then drawn from the reservoir by closing the valves to the vacuumline and opening the reservoir to the atmosphere. These valves were electrically actuated so that an embedded controller couldoperate the samplers. Due to possible sanitation problems with the first prototype, the second prototype was designed to allowmore effective cleaning. In this prototype, the sample reservoir could be filled with the wash solution during the automatedmilking machine wash cycle. Once filled, filtered air from the atmosphere was ported into the reservoir vacuum, causing thewash fluid to be agitated in the reservoir and ejected back into the long milk tube.
Complex PK-PD of an engineered IL-15/IL-15Rα–Fc fusion protein in cynomolgus monkeys: QSP modeling of lymphocyte dynamics (2023)

XmAb24306 is a lymphoproliferative interleukin (IL)-15/IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) Fc-fusion protein currently under clinical investigation as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment. XmAb24306 contains mutations in IL-15 that attenuate its affinity to the heterodimeric IL-15 receptor βγ (IL-15R). We observe substantially prolonged pharmacokinetics (PK) (half-life ∼ 2.5 to 4.5 days) in single- and repeat-dose cynomolgus monkey (cyno) studies compared to wild-type IL-15 (half-life ∼ 1 hour), leading to increased exposure and enhanced and durable expansion of NK cells, CD8+ T cells and CD4-CD8- (double negative [DN]) T cells. Drug clearance varied with dose level and time post-dose, and PK exposure decreased upon repeated dosing, which we attribute to increased target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) resulting from drug-induced lymphocyte expansion (i.e., pharmacodynamic (PD)-enhanced TMDD). We developed a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model to quantify the complex PKPD behaviors due to the interactions of XmAb24306 with multiple cell types (CD8+, CD4+, DN T cells, and NK cells) in the peripheral blood (PB) and lymphoid tissues. The model, which includes nonspecific drug clearance, binding to and TMDD by IL15R differentially expressed on lymphocyte subsets, and resultant lymphocyte margination/migration out of PB, expansion in lymphoid tissues, and redistribution to the blood, successfully describes the systemic PK and lymphocyte kinetics observed in the cyno studies. Results suggest that after 3 doses of every-two-week (Q2W) doses up to 70 days, the relative contributions of each elimination pathway to XmAb24306 clearance are: DN T cells > NK cells > CD8+ T cells > nonspecific clearance > CD4+ T cells. Modeling suggests that observed cellular expansion in blood results from the influx of cells expanded by the drug in lymphoid tissues. The model is used to predict lymphoid tissue expansion and to simulate PK-PD for different dose regimens. Thus, the model provides insight into the mechanisms underlying the observed PK-PD behavior of an engineered cytokine and can serve as a framework for the rapid integration and analysis of data that emerges from ongoing clinical studies in cancer patients as single-agent or given in combination.
ChemInform Abstract: A TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF DEHYDROGLIOTOXIN (1973)

Abstract Oxidation des Diketopiperazins (Ia) mit N‐Bromsuccinimid‐Benzoylperoxid und Aufarbeitung mit K‐thioacetat liefern das Dithioacetat (Ib), das mit Anisaldehyd (II) in ein 1:1‐Diztstereomerengemisch (DG) des Addukts (III) [Ausbeute 45%, bezogen auf (Ia)] übergefuhrt wird.
Site-specific phosphorylation regulates the functions of kindlin-3 in a variety of cells (2019)

Studies of isolated cells, mice, and humans have demonstrated the vital role of the FERM domain protein kindlin-3 in integrin activation in certain hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, consequent to binding to integrin β-subunits. To explore regulatory mechanisms, we developed a monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes the phosphorylated form of Ser<sup>484</sup> (pS<sup>484</sup>) in kindlin-3. Activation of platelets, HEL megakaryocytic-like cells and BT549 breast cancer cells led to enhanced expression of pS<sup>484</sup> as assessed by immunofluorescence or Western blotting. In platelets, pS<sup>484</sup> rose rapidly and transiently upon stimulation. When a mutant form of kindlin-3, T<sup>482</sup>S<sup>484</sup>/AA kindlin-3, was transduced into mouse megakaryocytes, it failed to support activation of integrin α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub>, whereas wild-type kindlin-3 did. In MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells, expression of T<sup>482</sup>S<sup>484</sup>/AA kindlin-3 suppressed cell spreading, migration, invasion, and VEGF production. Wild-type kindlin-3 expressing cells markedly increased tumor growth in vivo, whereas T<sup>482</sup>S<sup>484</sup>/AA kindlin-3 significantly blunted tumor progression. Thus, our data establish that a unique phosphorylation event in kindlin-3 regulates its cellular functions.
Cu/Adhesive Hybrid Bonding at 180 °C in H-Containing HCOOH Vapor Ambient for 2.5D/3D Integration (2017)

Bump-less Cu/adhesive hybrid bonding is a promising technology for 2.5D/3D integration. The remaining issues of this technology include high Cu-Cu bonding temperature, long thermal-compression time (low throughput), and large thermal stress. In this paper, we investigate a Cu-first hybrid bonding process in hydrogen(H)-containing formic acid (HCOOH) vapor ambient, lowering the bonding temperature to 180 °C and shortening the thermal-compression time to 600 s. We find that the H-containing HCOOH vapor pre-bonding treatment is effective for Cu surface activation and friendly to adhesives at treatment temperature of 160-200 °C. The effects of surface activation (temperature and time) on Cu-Cu bonding and cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) adhesive bonding are studied by shear tests, fracture surface observations, and interfacial observations. Cu/adhesive hybrid bonding was successfully demonstrated at a bonding temperature of 180 °C with post-bonding adhesive curing at 200 °C.
Mechanisms MediatingPorphyromonas gingivalisGingipain RgpA-Induced Oral Mucosa Inflammation In Vivo (2001)

Suffusion of gingipain RgpA (GRgpA) elicited a significant concentration-dependent increase in the clearance of macromolecules from in situ hamster cheek pouch which was attenuated by NPC 17647, a selective bradykinin B(2) receptor antagonist. Leupeptin and a mixture of proteinase inhibitors also attenuated GRgpA-induced responses. These data indicate that GRgpA elicits plasma exudation from in situ oral mucosa in a catalytic site-dependent fashion by elaborating bradykinin.
High-Throughput Virtual Screening Identifies Novel N′-(1-Phenylethylidene)-benzohydrazides as Potent, Specific, and Reversible LSD1 Inhibitors (2013)

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays an important role in regulating histone lysine methylation at residues K4 and K9 on histone H3 and is an attractive therapeutic target in multiple malignancies. Here we report a structure-based virtual screen of a compound library containing ∼2 million small molecular entities. Computational docking and scoring followed by biochemical screening led to the identification of a novel N'-(1-phenylethylidene)-benzohydrazide series of LSD1 inhibitors with hits showing biochemical IC50s in the 200-400 nM range. Hit-to-lead optimization and structure-activity relationship studies aided in the discovery of compound 12, with a Ki of 31 nM. Compound 12 is reversible and specific for LSD1 as compared to the monoamine oxidases shows minimal inhibition of CYPs and hERG and inhibits proliferation and survival in several cancer cell lines, including breast and colorectal cancer. Compound 12 may be used to probe LSD1's biological role in these cancers.
Electrical Properties of Dielectrics (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Polarization of Dielectrics Classification of Dielectric Materials Frequency-Dependent Dielectric Behavior Properties of a Physical Dielectric Model Fiber-Weave Effect Environmental Variation in Dielectric Behavior Transmission-Line Parameters for Lossy Dielectrics and Realistic Conductors References Problems
Identification of genetic variants in erythrocyte lysate by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (1984)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by silver-staining has been employed to study 27 red cell lysates for genetic variation. Forty-six polypeptides selected without respect to variability were considered suitable for scoring. Only 23 of the total of 1,242 polypeptides could not be scored unambiguously. Of the remaining 1,219 polypeptides, 38 exhibited the combination of a normal and a variant polypeptide. All variants were present in either the father or the mother of the subjects. The observed index of heterozygosity was 3.1% +/- 0.5%.
Computational Approximate Storage with Neural Network-based Error Patrol of 3D-TLC NAND Flash Memory for Machine Learning Applications (2020)

This paper proposes Computational Approximate Storage (CAS) for machine learning. Proposed CAS minimizes data movement from CPU/GPU to storage by offloading computation. Moreover, approximate computing is introduced for improvement of performance and power by utilizing error tolerance. To evaluate/control memory errors and thus realize CAS, this paper proposes Neural Network-based Memory Error Patrol (MEP) for 3D-TLC NAND flash memories. MEP is composed of two proposals, State Shift Error Prediction (SSEP) and Error Data Pattern Prediction (EDPP). SSEP predicts where errors occur (location of errors) and how much errors occur (degree of errors). SSEP predicts probability of V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</inf> -down and V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</inf> -up shifted cells and can precisely estimate bit-error rate with 2.6% errors even when affected by inter-chip variations. EDPP predicts physical origins of memory cell errors. Proposed MEP can monitor and control memory cell errors. In addition, MEP realizes the approximate computing of computational storage.
Corrigendum: Assessment and Protection of Esophageal Mucosal Integrity in Patients With Heartburn Without Esophagitis (2013)

American Journal of Gastroenterology: August 2013 - Volume 108 - Issue 8 - p 1377-1377 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.101