gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Placental mitochondrial content and function in intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia (2013)

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pregnancy hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia (PE) associated with IUGR share a common placental phenotype called "placental insufficiency", originating in early gestation when high availability of energy is required. Here, we assess mitochondrial content and the expression and activity of respiratory chain complexes (RCC) in placental cells of these pathologies. We measured mitochondrial (mt)DNA and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) expression in placental tissue and cytotrophoblast cells, gene and protein expressions of RCC (real-time PCR and Western blotting) and their oxygen consumption, using the innovative technique of high-resolution respirometry. We analyzed eight IUGR, six PE, and eight uncomplicated human pregnancies delivered by elective cesarean section. We found lower mRNA levels of complex II, III, and IV in IUGR cytotrophoblast cells but no differences at the protein level, suggesting a posttranscriptional compensatory regulation. mtDNA was increased in IUGR placentas. Both mtDNA and NRF1 expression were instead significantly lower in their isolated cytotrophoblast cells. Finally, cytotrophoblast RCC activity was significantly increased in placentas of IUGR fetuses. No significant differences were found in PE placentas. This study provides genuine new data into the complex physiology of placental oxygenation in IUGR fetuses. The higher mitochondrial content in IUGR placental tissue is reversed in cytotrophoblast cells, which instead present higher mitochondrial functionality. This suggests different mitochondrial content and activity depending on the placental cell lineage. Increased placental oxygen consumption might represent a limiting step in fetal growth restriction, preventing adequate oxygen delivery to the fetus.
T-cell directed treatment: anti-thymocyte globulin (2001)

Untreated, Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), the most important ANCA-associated systemic vasculitides (AASV), commonly take a lethal course or result in severe permanent organ damage. Although the majority of cases does respond to daily oral cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids [1], the standard induction therapy fails to induce remission in about 5% to 10% of patients. Furthermore, relapses occur in 10% to 20% of patients within 12 months after successful induction of remission and indicate a poorer long-term prognosis. The usual therapeutic management of such cases is prolonged administration or re-administration of cyclophosphamide. In frequent relapsers this will often lead to high cumulative doses. The risk for severe side-effects of cyclophosphamide, e.g., malignancies, bone-marrow toxicity and hemorrhagic cystitis, increases dramatically in patients with a cumulative dose higher than 100 g [2]. There is a definite need to replace cyclophosphamide in these refractory cases. In other patients, standard treatment has to be avoided because severe side-effects already developed. Few patients have been reported to have responded to Cyclosporin A [3], intravenous immunoglobulins [4] or humanized antibodies against lymphocyte antigens (CAM-PATH) [5, 6]. However, the number of reported patients is low, and these drugs have never been studied in controlled trials.
SUCCESSFUL TRANSPLANTATION OF ADULT-SIZED KIDNEYS INTO INFANTS REQUIRES MAINTENANCE OF HIGH AORTIC BLOOD FLOW1 (1998)

This study is the first to quantitatively document the blood flow changes occurring after ASK transplantation in infants. There was a greater than two-fold increase in aortic blood flow after ASK transplantation, and this increase was sustained for at least 4 months and appeared to be driven by the blood flow demand of the ASK. However, actual posttransplant renal artery blood flow was significantly less than normal renal artery flow. Our study suggests that aggressive intravascular volume maintenance may be necessary to achieve and maintain optimum aortic blood flow, so as not to further compromise posttransplant renal artery flow and to avoid low-flow states that could induce acute tubular necrosis, vascular thrombosis, or primary nonfunction.
Establishment of Optimized Digging Trajectory for Hydraulic Excavator (2013)

Efficiency of digging operation of hydraulic excavator is affected by the geometry of digging trajectory. To improve the operation efficiency, appropriate trajectory design is important. In this report, we developed a simulation model to establish optimized trajectories. This model involves a soil and a front linkage model of an excavator. A Distinct Element Method (DEM) is adopted for the soil model. The DEM is able to describe soil behavior during digging operation and to estimate digging soil volume and load quantitatively. Generative force and energy consumption of hydraulic cylinders are calculated by the kinematic model which solves inverse dynamics of front linkage of hydraulic excavators. Geometric shapes of the trajectory are determined with some trajectory parameters in this study. Using these generated trajectories and the simulation model, consumed energy and digging soil volume of every trajectory is calculated. Analyzing these results, the optimal digging trajectory is established. Effectiveness of the optimized trajectory is validated by comparing with a skilled operator’s digging trajectory which is reproduced on the simulation. In addition, efficient trajectory for horizontal ground is established by using this developed simulation model.
Photoalignment of Liquid Crystals by Liquid Crystals (2000)

We observed light-induced alignment of the nematic liquid crystal, 4, 4(')-n-pentylcyanobiphenyl (5CB), on a fused quartz. Irradiation of the adsorbed layer with polarized ultraviolet light produced homogeneous alignment in a 5CB-filled liquid crystal cell with the easy orientation axis perpendicular to the polarization direction. The measured anchoring energy increases with illumination up to 10(-4) erg/cm (2). Phase retardation and pretilt measurements confirmed near homogeneous alignment of the LC in a cell, while the polarization dependence of second harmonic generation suggested a near normal alignment of the adsorbed layer. We believe that light-induced rearrangement or phototransformation of the adsorbed layer causes the observed phenomenon.
Does perineal descent correlate with pudendal neuropathy? (1993)

A prospective study was undertaken to assess the potential correlation between increased perineal descent (IPD) and pudendal neuropathy (PN) in 213 consecutive patients. These 165 females and 48 males of a mean age of 62 (range, 18-87) years had constipation (n = 115), idiopathic fecal incontinence (n = 58), or chronic intractable rectal pain (n = 40). All 213 patients underwent cinedefecography (CD) and bilateral pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) assessment. Perineal descent (PD) of more than the upper limit of normal of 3.0 cm during evacuation was considered increased. Pudendal neuropathy was diagnosed when PNTML exceeded the upper limit of normal of 2.2 milliseconds. Although 65 patients (31 percent) had PD, only 16 (25 percent) of these 65 patients had neuropathy. Moreover, PN was also found in 42 (28 percent) of 148 patients without IPD. Conversely, only 16 (28 percent) of the 58 patients who had PN also had IPD, and IPD was present in 49 (32 percent) of 155 patients without PN. The frequency of PN according to the degree of IPD was: 3.0 to 4.0 cm, 6 of 27 patients (22 percent); 4.1 to 5.0 cm, 4 of 15 (27 percent); 5.1 to 6.0 cm, 4 of 12 (25 percent); 6.1 to 7.0 cm, 2 of 8 (25 percent); and > 7.0 cm, 0 of 3 (0 percent). Linear regression analysis was undertaken to compare the relationships between measurements of PD at rest (R), push (P), and change (C = P-R) and values of PNTML. These values for all 213 patients were: R, r = 0.048; P, r = 0.031; and C, r = -0.050. The correlation coefficients were equally poor for all the individual subgroups analyzed, including the patient's sex or diagnosis. In summary, no correlation was found between PD and PNTML. The lack of a relationship was seen for the entire group as well as for those patients with either neuropathy or increased perineal descent. Therefore, the often espoused relationship between increased PD and PN was not supported by this prospective evaluation. Although increased PD and prolonged PNTML are frequently observed in patients with disordered defecation, they may represent independent findings.
Integration of preclinical information into a PBPK approach for predicting human pharmacokinetics (2007)

�The basis of the implementation of PBPK in this area is the predictions of the clearance contributions (using intrinsic clearance from liver preparations) and of the tissue partition coefficients. Some in silico approaches have been proposed for predicting the tissue partition coefficients, based on lipophilicity (logP), acid-base characteristics, and fraction of drug unbound in plasma [8-13]. �This approach has some rigidity as it is influenced by assumptions on drug-specific parameters, which may be violated in some cases. For instance, the fraction of drug unbound in tissues is calculated as a function of the fraction unbound in plasma only [1] and there are uncertainties regarding the influence of the binding to plasma and liver preparations for the scaling of the total clearance. �In addition, in the currently proposed approaches, in vivo pharmacokinetic in preclinical species are only used to confirm that the in silico methodologies are able to predict the PK characteristics in animals [6], whilst these data are not used for actually performing the human predictions.
An evaluation of cetane sensitivity in low-temperature combustion and options to compensate for market cetane variation (2014)

A single-cylinder engine was used to assess the sensitivity of emissions, noise and fuel consumption to variation in cetane number when operated in low temperature combustion both with and without the application of compensation strategies. Without compensation, changes in cetane caused greater variability in all of the parameters studied when operated in low temperature combustion as compared to conventional diesel combustion. Correcting combustion phasing was explored by adjusting three different parameters: start of injection timing, burnt gas fraction and intake manifold temperature. None of these methods were able to achieve substantially equivalent combustion and emissions across all fuels evaluated. Large variations in hydrocarbon and particulate emissions were observed when start of injection was adjusted to correct combustion phasing. Adjusting the burnt gas fraction caused large differences in nitrogen oxides and noise, particularly with low cetane fuels. Finally, intake manifold temperatures low enough to reach the target combustion phasing with the higher cetane fuel were unachievable, suggesting that this method would not be viable as a production solution. It was concluded that the most effective way to ensure robust combustion and emissions in low temperature combustion is to reduce ignition delay variability by refining the fuel specification, either through tighter control over the cetane number range or by shifting the fuel specification toward higher cetane number, where ignition delay is less sensitive to changes in cetane rating.
Modelling exchange rates: smooth transitions, neural networks, and linear models (2000)

The goal of this paper is to test for and model nonlinearities in several monthly exchange rates time series. We apply two different nonlinear alternatives, namely: the artificial neural network time series model estimated with Bayesian regularization and a flexible smooth transition specifica-tion, called the neuro-coefficient smooth transition autoregression. The linearity test rejects the null hypothesis of linearity in ten out of fourteen series. We compare, using different measures, the fore-casting performance of the nonlinear specifications with the linear autoregression and the random walk models.
TWIST1 promotes invasion through mesenchymal change in human glioblastoma (2010)

Together these studies demonstrated that TWIST1 enhances GBM invasion in concert with mesenchymal change not involving the canonical cadherin switch of carcinoma EMT. Given the recent recognition that mesenchymal change in GBMs is associated with increased malignancy, these findings support the potential therapeutic importance of strategies to subvert TWIST1-mediated mesenchymal change.
Improved video segmentation through robust statistics and MPEG-7 features (2009)

Video segmentation is an important task for a wide range of applications like content-based video coding or video retrieval. In this paper, a new spatio-temporal video segmentation framework is presented. It is based upon robust statistics, namely an M-estimator, and incorporates an MPEG-7 descriptor for consistent temporal labeling of identified textures. The algorithm is based on assumptions about the geometric modifications a given moving region undergoes with time as well as on its surface properties. Homogeneously moving segments are described using a parametric motion scheme. The latter is used to piecewise fit the optical flow field in order to extract rigid motion areas. Robust statistics are used to carefully constrain split, merge and contour refinement decisions. Experimental results show that regions detected by the proposed method are more reliable than the state-of-the-art. True region boundaries are moreover better detected.
0.18-μm optical lithography performances using an alternating DUV phase-shift mask (1998)

The phase shift mask (PSM) is a key emerging technology thought to be extending 248 nm lithography. In this paper, we describe the lithographic performances of Shipley UV5 photoresist on SiOxNy Bottom Anti Reflective coating (BARC), using alternating PSM and ASM/90 Deep-UV stepper. Results on 0.18 micrometer design rules are presented: lithographic performances, comparison between PSM and binary mask, sub 0.18 micrometer performances ({1}) and the ultimate resolution of this technology are reported. To conclude we demonstrated the 0.18 micrometer lithography feasibility with alternating mask and KrF stepper, and showed that all the necessary tools are today available to achieve such goals.
Poly(Aryl Ether)s from a Novel Biphenol Monomer Containing a Dicyanoarylene Group (1995)

Abstract The preparation of a novel biphenol, 1,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dicyanonaphthalene, from phenolphthalein is described. This biphenol was prepared in high yield in a four-step reaction sequence. The biphenol can be polymerized with activated dihalides such as 1,2-bis-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylbenzene, bis(4-fluorophenyl) sulfone, and 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone to give high molecular weight amorphous poly(aryl ether)s. The polymers have glass transition temperatures ranging from 284 to 319°C and are easily cast into flexible, colorless, and transparent films. The 5% weight loss temperatures of these polymers, by thermogravimetric analysis in air and nitrogen, are all above 500°C.
Realization of a superluminal Raman laser using adjacent transitions in two isotopes of Rb (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Share on X Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Share with WeChat Get Citation Copy Citation Text Z. Zhou, J. Yablon, and M. S. Shahriar, "Realization of a superluminal Raman laser using adjacent transitions in two isotopes of Rb," in Frontiers in Optics 2016, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper JTh2A.102. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Analysis of mutational and proteomic heterogeneity of gastric cancer suggests an effective pipeline to monitor post-treatment tumor burden using circulating tumor DNA (2020)

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is released from tumor cells into blood in advanced cancer patients. Although gene mutations in individual tumors can be diverse and heterogenous, ctDNA has the potential to provide comprehensive biomarker information. Here, we performed multi-region sampling (three sites) per resected specimen from 10 gastric cancer patients followed by targeted sequencing and proteomic profiling using reverse-phase protein arrays. A total of 126 non-synonymous mutations were identified from 30 samples from 10 tumors. Of these, 16 (12.7%) were present in all three regions and were designated as founder mutations. Variant allele frequencies (VAFs) of founder mutations were significantly higher than those of non-founder mutations. Phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated a good concordance between founder and truncal mutations, defined as mutations shared by all simulated clones at the trunk of the tumor phylogenetic tree. These findings led us to prioritize founder mutations for quantitative ctDNA monitoring by digital PCR with individually-designed primer/probe sets. In preoperative plasma, the average ctDNA VAF of founder mutations was significantly higher than that of non-founder mutations (p = 0.039). Proteomic heterogeneity was present across the tumor regions both within and between patients independent of mutational status. Our results suggest that, in practice, mutations having high VAF identified without multi-regional sequencing may be immediately useful for quantitative ctDNA monitoring but do not provide sufficient information to predict the proteomic composition of tumors.
Antimicrobial activity of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on Listeria monocytogenes (2003)

ABSTRACT: The antimicrobial activities of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) and the combined effects of GBE and sodium EDTA (sodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) against Listeria monocytogenes were determined at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. Listeria monocytogenes grown at 37 °C for 24 h was inoculated (6 to 7 log CFU/mL) into BHI broth containing either GBE or GBE and EDTA (1.6 mg/mL) with various GBE concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0% vol/vol and stored at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. The inhibitory effect of the GBE was more pronounced at low temperature of 4 °C. GBE was effective in inhibiting microbial growth. Addition of EDTA enhanced antimicrobial activity of GBE.
Erratum: A correction to ‘A new moment-tensor decomposition for seismic events in anisotropic media’ (2014)

This note points out that the statement in ‘A new moment-tensor decomposition for seismic events in anisotropic media’ by Chapman and Leaney that ‘this interpretation is always possible for any moment tensor whatever the anisotropy’ needs qualification. The statement is true for isotropic and weakly anisotropic media, but the decomposition is not possible for all anisotropies, and for some anisotropies and moment tensors is possible but non-unique. However, it is possible for most expected anisotropies. Conditions when the statement is invalid are discussed, and examples of realistic anisotropy are given for which the statement is valid.
I can hear it, but where is it coming from? A case of iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula after pacemaker lead extraction (2013)

A 54-year-old woman was referred to our institution for the assessment of a loud continuous murmur detected 3 years after pacemaker lead extraction. She previously had a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted for symptomatic sinus node dysfunction. Owing to recurrent and severe symptomatic phrenic nerve pacing, she underwent laser lead extraction. The procedure was complicated by a tear at junction of the superior vena …
Attomole protein analysis by CIEF with LIF detection (2009)

We have coupled CIEF with an LIF detector that is based on a post-column sheath flow cuvette. We employed Chromeo P503 as a fluorogenic reagent to label proteins before analysis. This reagent reacts with the epsilon-amine of lysine residues, preserving the cationic nature of the residue; labeled proteins generate extremely sharp peaks in CIEF. A set of four standard proteins generated a linear relationship between migration time and pI. A protein homogenate prepared from a Barrett's esophagus cell line resolved over 100 components in a 40 min separation. Detection limits for Chromeo P503-labeled beta-lactoglobulin were 5 amol injected into the capillary. Fluorescent impurities present in the ampholytes generated a large background signal that degraded the detection limit by four orders of magnitude compared with other forms of capillary electrophoresis with this detector.
MS optic neuritis-induced long-term structural changes within the visual pathway (2020)

A single history of ON induces long-term structural damage within the retina and OR suggestive of both retrograde and anterograde neuroaxonal degeneration.
Bioreactive Barriers:  A Comparison of Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation for Chlorinated Solvent Remediation (2003)

A side-by-side comparison of bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and a recirculation-only control was implemented in a chloroethene-contaminated aquifer. The objective was to develop a contaminant mass balance based on the analysis of groundwater and aquifer solids and to quantify key dechlorinating populations during treatment to determine their relation to the rate of chloroethenes removed. The bioaugmentation strategy, using a Dehalococcoides-containing PCE-to-ethene dechlorinating inoculum enriched from the same aquifer, resulted in a near-stoichiometric dechlorination of both sorbed and dissolved chloroethenes to ethene within 6 weeks. In the biostimulation plot, continuous lactate and nutrient injection resulted in dechlorination but only following a 3-month lag period. Molecular tools targeting the 16S rRNA genes of Dehalococcoides and Desulfuromonas spp. were used to qualitatively monitor the distribution and quantitatively (Real-Time PCR) measure the abundance of the dechlorinating populations during the test. In the bioaugmentation plot, Dehalococcoides populations increased 3−4 orders of magnitude throughout the test area. Dehalococcoides populations also increased in the biostimulation plot but at a slower rate and immediately before the onset of rapid dechlorination. Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis indicated that the inoculum only impacted the bioaugmentation plot. This work extends the knowledge gained from previous field studies which reported qualitative relationships between the occurrence of Dehalococcoides populations and ethene production. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that bioreactive barriers capitalizing on reductively dechlorinating populations to control the migration of chloroethene plumes can be effectively designed once hydrologic information is incorporated.