gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power-Efficient Transceiver Design for Full-Duplex MIMO Multi-Cell Systems With CSI Uncertainty (2017)

With increasing emphasis on incorporating energy awareness in future communication systems, it is desirable to explore power-efficient resource allocation techniques. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the sum-power minimization of base stations (BSs) and users in a full-duplex (FD) multiple-input multiple-output multi-cell system. In particular, we assume that BSs operating in FD transmission mode serve multiple FD mobile users at the same time over the same frequency band. To guarantee a certain quality of service (QoS), we enforce the maintenance of a minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio for each user. Concerning these design constraints together with realistic FD self-interference models, we investigate the transmit and receive beamforming designs that minimize the joint transmission power of BSs and users. However, the resulting optimization problem is NP-hard. We therefore divide this optimization problem into separate receive and transmit beamforming design steps, which can be solved iteratively. In addition, the non-convex precoder design problem is posed as a difference of convex function programming, which can be efficiently solved via successive convex approximation. In order to account for practical aspects in our design, we also take into account imperfect channel state information by way of stochastic and bounded uncertainties. Numerical results suggest that the FD systems generally outperform the half-duplex ones under a wide range of QoS constraints and transceiver distortions.
A video-based hyper-focal imaging method for iris recognition in the visible spectrum (2012)

We design and implement a hyper-focal imaging system for acquiring iris images in the visible spectrum. The proposed system uses a DSLR Canon T2i camera and an Okii controller to capture videos of the ocular region at multiple focal lengths. The ensuing frames are fused in order to yield a single image with higher fidelity. Further, the proposed setup extends the imaging depth-of-field (DOF), thereby preempting the need for employing expensive cameras for increased DOF. Experiments convey the benefits of utilizing a hyper-focal system over a traditional fixed-focus system for performing iris recognition in visible spectrum.
Topcoats versus Durability of an Intumescent Coating (2016)

Epoxy-based intumescent coatings are effective solutions for protecting steel against fire. To design a successful product, it is, however, of primary importance to investigate its long-term durability. Some of these coatings do not resist accelerated aging conditions such as contact with salted water. One solution to overcome this drawback consists of applying a specific topcoat. In this work, various topcoats were applied on a model intumescent coating. Topcoats were shown to impact, under heating, the char expansion, char morphology, and char strength. The general trend is that the topcoats, before any aging exposure, improve the fire resistance behavior of the intumescent coatings. Most topcoats, however, do not limit penetration of salted water into the coating, thus affecting the intumescent properties. Only a silane-based topcoat was reported to trap or limit the diffusion of sodium and chlorine ions, thus protecting the underlying intumescent coating.
464: GI HORMONE PROFILE IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENTERAL NUTRITION ADVANCEMENT IN PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE (2018)

Martinez, Enid1; Panciotti, Courtney2; Stylopoulos, Nicholas2; Mehta, Nilesh1 Author Information
Incidence and transferability of antibiotic resistance in the enteric bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater (2013)

This study reports the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and production of β-lactamases including extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESβL) in enteric bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater. Among sixty-nine isolates, tested for antibiotic sensitivity, 73.9% strains were resistant to ampicillin followed by nalidixic acid (72.5%), penicillin (63.8%), co-trimoxazole (55.1%), norfloxacin (53.6%), methicillin (52.7%), cefuroxime (39.1%), cefotaxime (23.2%) and cefixime (20.3%). Resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and doxycycline was recorded in less than 13% of the strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed a high level of resistance (800-1600 μg/mL) to one or more antibiotics. Sixty three (91%) isolates produced β-lactamases as determined by rapid iodometric test. Multiple antibiotic resistances were noted in both among ESβL and non-ESβL producers. The β-lactamases hydrolyzed multiple substrates including penicillin (78.8% isolates), ampicillin (62.3%), cefodroxil (52.2%), cefotoxime (21.7%) and cefuroxime (18.8%). Fifteen isolates producing ESβLs were found multidrug resistant. Four ESβL producing isolates could transfer their R-plasmid to the recipient strain E. coli K-12 with conjugation frequency ranging from 7.0 × 10(-3) to 8.8 × 10(-4). The findings indicated that ESβL producing enteric bacteria are common in the waste water. Such isolates may disseminate the multiple antibiotic resistance traits among bacterial community through genetic exchange mechanisms and thus requires immediate attention.
Kinetics of Intercluster Reactions between Atomically Precise Noble Metal Clusters [Ag25(DMBT)18]− and [Au25(PET)18]− in Room Temperature Solutions (2021)

The kinetics of intercluster metal atom exchange reactions between solvated [Ag<sub>25</sub>(DMBT)<sub>18</sub>]<sup>-</sup> and [Au<sub>25</sub>(PET)<sub>18</sub>]<sup>-</sup> (DMBT and PET are 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiol and 2-phenylethanethiol, respectively, both C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>S) were probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and computer-based modeling. Anion mass spectra and collision induced dissociation (CID) measurements show that both cluster monomers and dimers are involved in the reactions. We have modeled the corresponding kinetics assuming a reaction mechanism in which metal atom exchange occurs through transient dimers. Our kinetic model contains three types of generic reactions: dimerization of monomers, metal atom exchange in the transient dimers, and dissociation of the dimers to monomers. There are correspondingly 377 discrete species connected by in total 1302 reactions (i.e., dimerization, dissociation and atom exchange reactions) leading to the entire series of monomeric and dimeric products [Ag<sub><i>m</i></sub>Au<sub>25-<i>m</i></sub>]<sup>-</sup> (<i>m</i> = 1-24) and [Ag<sub><i>m</i></sub>Au<sub>50-<i>m</i></sub>]<sup>2-</sup> (<i>m</i> = 0-50), respectively. The rate constants of the corresponding reactions were fitted to the experimental data, and good agreement was obtained with exchange rate constants which scale with the probability of finding a silver or gold atom in the respective monomeric subunit of the dimer, i.e., reflecting an entropic driving force for alloying. Allowing the dimerization rate constant to scale with increasing gold composition of the respective reactants improves the agreement further. The rate constants obtained are physically plausible, thus strongly supporting dimer-mediated metal atom exchange in this intercluster reaction system.
Toward an understanding of the factors responsible for the 1,2-migration of alkyl groups in borate complexes (2006)

Abstract The anionotropic 1,2-migration of an organic substituent from a tetrasubstituted borate ion, often referred to as an "ate" complex, to an acceptor atom is at the basis of the most useful application of organoboranes in organic synthesis. We recently showed that chiral sulfur ylides react with boranes to give homologated products with high enantiomeric excess. In considering reactions with mixed boranes, the issue of which group would migrate arises. Although we are primarily interested in sulfur ylide reactions with boranes, in this review we have summarized the most important factors that are responsible for which group migrates from a broad spectrum of reactions involving borate complexes. We also discuss the use of blocking/nonmigrating groups and highlight when they are effective and not effective. Consideration of the most important factors that affect the outcome of which group migrates and understanding how and why blocking groups work, provides a strategy for designing boranes with nonmigrating groups for use in new reactions of these useful synthetic intermediates.
Computational Challenges and Solutions to the Analysis of Micro RNA Profiles in Virally-Infected Cells Derived by Massively Parallel Sequencing (2009)

In this paper we report an ongoing project for identifying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) micro RNAs (miRNA) expressed in infected human cells using the new massive parallel sequencing technology with the Solexa Sequencer. We developed a data processing pipeline for analyzing such data including mapping segments to genomes, detecting highly expressed sequences and their loci, comparing sequences to existing databases and selecting candidate miRNAs for experimental validation. We identified 114 putative virally-derived miRNAs with high expression levels that included 9 out of 10 known HCMV miRNAs, partially validating our methods. This observation also suggested that other identified sequences with high level of expression are potential miRNAs and this method is an effective way of discovering new small regulatory RNAs. Validation of putative novel viral miRNAs are underway, as are efforts to identify primary transcripts or introns from which they are derived. Future directions include designing the most statistically robust selection criteria, designing methods to measure viral-induced changes in the human miRNA expression profile, and identifying the targets of the miRNAs in the viral and human genomes.
Neural stem cells: mechanisms and modeling (2012)

In the adult brain, neural stem cells have been found in two major niches: the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone [corrected]. Neurons derived from these stem cells contribute to learning, memory, and the autonomous repair of the brain under pathological conditions. Hence, the physiology of adult neural stem cells has become a significant component of research on synaptic plasticity and neuronal disorders. In addition, the recently developed induced pluripotent stem cell technique provides a powerful tool for researchers engaged in the pathological and pharmacological study of neuronal disorders. In this review, we briefly summarize the research progress in neural stem cells in the adult brain and in the neuropathological application of the induced pluripotent stem cell technique.
Host Defense (Antimicrobial) Peptides and Proteins (2014)

Pathogen clearance is mediated by a complex set of strategies, ranging from the ingestion of microbes by phagocytes to the production of antimicrobial molecules, including reactive chemical species or lytic compounds. Another strategy is the production of cationic host defence proteins and peptides, compounds that play an important role in innate immunity, not only as antimicrobial agents, but also as immune regulators. Defensins members are categorized into three families based on their sizes and θ: the α-, β-, and θ-defensins. Defensins have generated a large amount of interest due to their modest in vitro antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms, including enveloped viruses, fungi, and bacteria. Host defense proteins include more than 700 structurally diverse members expressed extensively in both plants and animals. Lysozymes, also called muramidases, are small, abundant cationic enzymes that are widely distributed in plants and animals. Lactoferrin is an 80-kDa iron-binding plasma protein that belongs to the transferrin protein family, which includes serum transferrin, ovotransferrin, melanotransferrin, and the inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Chemokines are an extensive family of small chemotactic cytokine proteins of 7 to 10 kDa in size and include approximately 50 members in humans. Most chemokines are also cationic proteins and thus possess modest antibacterial properties in dilute medium. Host defense peptides and proteins are major components in the arsenal of our immune system.
Performance bounds for sparse estimation with random noise (2009)

The problem considered in this paper is to estimate a deterministic vector representing elements in an overcomplete dictionary. The vector is assumed to be sparse and is to be estimated from measurements corrupted by Gaussian noise. Our goal is to derive a lower bound on the mean-squared error (MSE) achievable in this setting. To this end, an appropriate definition of unbiasedness in the sparse setting is developed, and the unbiased Crameacuter-Rao bound (CRB) is derived. The resulting bound is shown to be identical to the MSE of the oracle estimator. Combined with the fact that the CRB is achieved at high signal-to-noise ratios by the maximum likelihood technique, our result provides a new interpretation for the common practice of using the oracle estimator as a gold standard against which practical approaches are compared.
Perfect imaging through a disordered waveguide lattice (2012)

It is experimentally demonstrated that perfect imaging is possible in disordered wave guiding media, provided that the disorder is off-diagonal, i.e., that only the spacing varies randomly between the otherwise identical lattice sites. On-diagonal disorder or Kerr nonlinearity destroys the imaging.
Studies of the Physics and Engineering of Deuterium-deuterium Barrier Tandem Mirror Reactors (1982)

A study of barrier tandem mirrors as deuterium-deuterium (D-D) cycle reactors shows that high central cell beta and axisymmetry are crucial to even a moderate Q reactor. The SATYR system is large, with low-power density, and Q ∼ 5 to 6. A specialized axisymmetric configuration involving a plug-barrier cell with a levitated internal ring has been developed, though overall results are independent of the specific axisymmetric end plug configuration. The internal ring thermal analysis, including both surface and neutron volumetric heating, revealed unexpectedly that the operating time between recooling periods is limited by the time to reach the temperature limit of the superinsulator rather than the time for the superconductor to reach some predetermined level (e.g., 12 K for Nb-Ti). Further, it is found that a melt-layer within the ring is not required. A new pressure-vessel-type blanket design with pebble beds of ferritic steel produces high blanket multiplication and has long life (exceeding plant life). The overall study is presented along with detailed analyses in problem topics ranging from reactor physics on the one hand to detailed fusion engineering on the other. Specific subjects analyzed include reactor plasma performance, magnetic configuration development, coil design, blanket nuclear analysis and thermal hydraulics, blanket materials, structural analyses, and lifetime. A detailed comparison of economic, environmental, and safety scaling factors for D-D and deuterium-tritium (D-T) reactors reveals few incentives for aiming at D-D devices. It is concluded that the linearity of tandem mirrors, their inherent modularity and potential for steady-state operation, their predicted high-power density and high Q value, combined with the findings of this study, suggest that optimized D-T-cycle barrier tandem mirror reactors with axisymmetry and high βc have the potential to be economic reactor systems and should remain the major goal of mirror fusion research.
Integrated Simulations for the Structural Performance of Composites (2020)

Fiber-reinforced composites are widely used for structural components in the aircraft, automotive, marine, and other industries due to their low density, high specific stiffness and strength, excellent durability, and design flexibility. During the fabrication of continuous fiber reinforced composite components, fiber direction changes, residual stresses, and out-of-the-mold deformations are unavoidable. As the 2-D fabric is deformed to a 3-D part geometry the fiber tows move, leading to fiber direction changes that result in relative angle changes between the fibers that make up the fabric. These changes have a significant effect on the behavior of the composite material system. The extent of fiber angle change in a non-crimp fabric system is largely dependent on the differences between the 2-D and 3-D geometries and the particular stitching parameters used to manufacture the fabric. In order to better understand the influence of fabrication induced fiber angle change on the performance of structural composite parts, detailed experiments and simulations were conducted. For the experiments, a reinforcement geometry was selected. Due to the complexity of the chosen geometry for draping, several slits were designed at strategic locations to allow the fabric to take the shape without wrinkling. During molding, two patterns were overlaid so that the slit locations after molding were staggered through the thickness to reduce their effect on the structural performance. Detailed draping analyses were performed taking into account the process steps, and the fiber angle changes were calculated using numerical models that were developed previously. Further, the fiber angles following draping were mapped onto the structural performance models used to simulate the crush tests. The predicted stiffness and strength results from the integrated fabrication and performance simulations were compared with the experimental measurements, and the correlations are presented in this paper.
Photodynamic treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection using indium phosphide quantum dots (2022)

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose an impending threat to humanity, as the evolution of MDR bacteria outpaces the development of effective antibiotics. In this work, we use indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) to treat infections caused by MDR bacteria <i>via</i> photodynamic therapy (PDT), which shows superior bactericidal efficiency over common antibiotics. PDT in the presence of InP QDs results in high-efficiency bactericidal activity towards various bacterial species, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Upon light absorption, InP QDs generate superoxide (O<sub>2</sub>˙<sup>-</sup>), which leads to efficient and selective killing of MDR bacteria while mammalian cells remain intact. The cytotoxicity evaluation reveals that InP QDs are bio- and blood-compatible in a wide therapeutic window. For the <i>in vivo</i> study, we drop a solution of InP QDs at a concentration within the therapeutic window onto MDR <i>S. aureus</i>-infected skin wounds of mice and perform PDT for 15 min. InP QDs show excellent therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in treating MDR bacterial infection. These findings show that InP QDs have great potential to serve as antibacterial agents for MDR bacterial infection treatment, as an effective and complementary alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Analysis and characterization of aroma‐active compounds of Schizandra chinensis (omija) leaves (2004)

Abstract Volatile components from leaves of Schizandra chinensis (omija), a native plant of Korea, were extracted by simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) using two types of capillary column with different polarities (DB‐5MS and DB‐Wax). The GC‐MS analysis of volatile compounds obtained by SDE revealed that germacrene D is the most abundant compound (22.6%) in omija leaves, followed by β‐elemene (17.4%), ( E )‐2‐hexenal (8.7%), and ( E )‐β‐ocimene (7.2%). Aroma‐active compounds were determined by gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O) using the aroma‐extract‐dilution analysis method. ( E , Z )‐2,6‐Nonadienal (cucumber) was the most intense aroma‐active compound due to its higher flavor‐dilution factor (243–729) than any other compound. ( Z )‐3‐Hexenal (green/apple), ( E )‐2‐hexenal (green/fruity), and ( E )‐β‐ocimene (wither green/grass) were also identified as important aroma‐active compounds by GC‐O. In addition, the volatile compounds were extracted by solid‐phase microextraction (SPME), and the quantitative analysis of the SPME samples gave slightly different results, depending on the type of SPME fiber, compared with those from SDE, However, the aroma‐active compounds identified in SPME were similar to those in SDE. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Physiogenomic association of statin‐related myalgia to serotonin receptors (2007)

Abstract We employed physiogenomic analyses to investigate the relationship between myalgia and selected polymorphisms in serotonergic genes, based on their involvement with pain perception and transduction of nociceptive stimuli. We screened 195 hypercholesterolemic, statin‐treated patients, all of whom received either atorvastatin, simvastatin, or pravastatin. Patients were classified as having no myalgia, probable myalgia, or definite myalgia, and assigned a myalgia score of 0, 0.5, or 1, respectively. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from candidates within the 5‐HT receptor gene families [5a‐hydroxytryptamine receptor genes ( HTR ) 1D, 2A, 2C, 3A, 3B, 5A, 6, 7] and the serotonin transporter gene ( SLC6A4 ). SNPs in the HTR3B and HTR7 genes, rs2276307 and rs1935349, respectively, were significantly associated with the myalgia score. Individual differences in pain perception and nociception related to specific serotonergic gene variants may affect the development of myalgia in statin‐treated patients. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Development of Laser Produced Plasma Source for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (2008)

The development of a reliable high power EUV light source is one of the major technical challenges for the implementation of EUV lithography. A review is given on the development of a laser produced plasma light source for high volume manufacturing (HVM) EUV lithography. An LPP source is the most promising ap-proach to generate the required in-band EUV power level. Our source is based on a high power, high repetition rate CO2 laser system, a tin target and magnetic plasma guiding for collector mirror lifetime enhancement.EUV in-band power equivalent to 60W at intermediate focus was produced by irradiating a tin rotating plate with 6kW laser power. Collector mirror life can be extended by using droplet target and magnetic plasma guiding. The effectiveness of this approach is examined by monitoring the motion of fast Sn ion in a large vacuum chamber.
High-Efficiency and Wide-Frequency-Ratio Dual-Band Slot Patch Antenna Utilizing the Perturbed TM02 Modes (2018)

This letter proposes a high-efficiency, dual-band slot patch antenna with a wide frequency ratio range. An arc-shaped slot is introduced into a circular patch to perturb the surface current distribution. By introducing a novel asymmetric feed configuration to the slot antenna, three perturbed TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> modes and two perturbed TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">02</sub> modes are available for flexible modes selection. A wide frequency ratio ranging from 1.13 to 2.12 can be achieved by proper modes collocation and size tuning of the slot. To further improve the radiation efficiency, an air substrate is introduced. All selected modes show high radiation efficiencies from 88% to 95% and peak gains from 8.4 to 9.5 dBi in the measurement. Good agreement can be found between the simulated and measured data.