gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phagocyte activation in coronary artery disease (1992)

Recent studies suggest that granulocytes (PMNs) play a role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia and extension of myocardial injury. Granulocytes can release a variety of molecules mediating tissue injury which act synergistically with other molecules and cells. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the granulocyte function in patients affected by coronary artery disease (CAD) and during coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We studied 20 patients suffering from CAD. The PMN's aggregating activity was greater in the coronary sinus than in the aorta (P < 0.01). The increase in aggregating activity was evident in patients who were smokers: their cells release significantly lower quantities of leukotriene C4 (P < 0.025). In the 20 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty we analyzed superoxide release after stimulation with phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA). The results showed a greater decrease of PMN's superoxide production in the coronary sinus than in the aorta (P < 0.05). In all patients affected by CAD we evaluated the PMN's expression of CD11b/CD18 membrane integrins. In these patients the increase in expression of CD11b/CD18 was statistically significant in comparison with the controls (P < 0.01). This increase in expression correlates with a higher aggregation (r = 0.87, P < 0.001). The potential role of leukocytes, oxygen radicals, leukotrienes and granulocyte enzymes in the pathophysiology of myocardial injury due to regional ischemia and reperfusion is an area of intense investigation. This paper presents studies carried out in vivo which have been instrumental in demonstrating the role of granulocytes as mediators of myocardial ischemia.
Nanoparticle clearance is governed by Th1/Th2 immunity and strain background (2020)

Extended circulation of nanoparticles in blood is essential for most clinical applications. Nanoparticles are rapidly cleared by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Approaches such as grafting polyethylene glycol onto particles (PEGylation) extend circulation times; however, these particles are still cleared, and the processes involved in this clearance remain poorly understood. Here, we present an intravital microscopy–based assay for the quantification of nanoparticle clearance, allowing us to determine the effect of mouse strain and immune system function on particle clearance. We demonstrate that mouse strains that are prone to Th1 immune responses clear nanoparticles at a slower rate than Th2-prone mice. Using depletion strategies, we show that both granulocytes and macrophages participate in the enhanced clearance observed in Th2-prone mice. Macrophages isolated from Th1 strains took up fewer particles in vitro than macrophages from Th2 strains. Treating macrophages from Th1 strains with cytokines to differentiate them into M2 macrophages increased the amount of particle uptake. Conversely, treating macrophages from Th2 strains with cytokines to differentiate them into M1 macrophages decreased their particle uptake. Moreover, these results were confirmed in human monocyte–derived macrophages, suggesting that global immune regulation has a significant impact on nanoparticle clearance in humans.
Bioactivity-Guided Identification of Botanical Inhibitors of Ketohexokinase (2016)

Angelica archangelica, Garcinia mangostana, Petroselinum crispum, and Scutellaria baicalensis were the top four botanical candidiates identified with inhibitory activity against ketohexokinase-C. Future studies are needed to show proof of mechanism and the efficacy of these botanical extracts in humans to blunt the negative metabolic effects of fructose-containing added sugars.
Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapeutics for Cystic Fibrosis: Recent Developments and Perspectives (2023)

Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) technology has become an attractive therapeutic modality for various diseases, including Mendelian disorders. ASOs can modulate the expression of a target gene by promoting mRNA degradation or changing pre-mRNA splicing, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, or translation. Advances in medicinal chemistry and a deeper understanding of post-transcriptional mechanisms have led to the approval of several ASO drugs for diseases that had long lacked therapeutic options. For instance, an ASO drug called nusinersen became the first approved drug for spinal muscular atrophy, improving survival and the overall disease course. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (<i>CFTR</i>) gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF). Although Trikafta and other CFTR-modulation therapies benefit most CF patients, there is a significant unmet therapeutic need for a subset of CF patients. In this review, we introduce ASO therapies and their mechanisms of action, describe the opportunities and challenges for ASO therapeutics for CF, and discuss the current state and prospects of ASO therapies for CF.
Total power optimization by simultaneous dual-Vt allocation and device sizing in high performance microprocessors (2002)

We describe various design automation solutions for design migration to a dual-Vt process technology. We include the results of a Lagrangian relaxation based tool, iSTATS, and a heuristic iterative optimization flow. Joint dual-Vt allocation and sizing reduces total power by 10+% compared with Vt allocation alone, and by 25+% compared with pure sizing methods. The heuristic flow requires 5/spl times/ larger computation runtime than iSTATS due to its iterative nature.
Modulation of proteoglycan metabolism by aortic smooth muscle cells grown on collagen gels. (1986)

The nature of the extracellular matrix may influence the types and amounts of proteoglycans synthesized by arterial smooth muscle cells. To determine if collagen modulates proteoglycan metabolism by these cells, arterial smooth muscle cells derived from aortic explants of the pigtail monkey (Macaca nemestrina) were cultured on both tissue culture plastic and hydrated type I collagen gels for 7 days. Cells were radiolabeled with Na2[35S]O4 during the final 48 hours of the growth period, and proteoglycans were extracted from the culture medium and cell layer by using 4 M guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of protease inhibitors. Cultures on collagen accumulated approximately 40% less [35S]O4 = -radiolabeled proteoglycan when compared to cultures on plastic. However, cells on collagen accumulated approximately 50% of their newly synthesized proteoglycan within the cell layer, while cells on plastic deposited less than 20% of their total radiolabeled proteoglycan in this culture compartment. Pulse-chase analysis indicated that the elevated accumulation of proteoglycan observed in the cell layer of collagen cultures was due, at least in part, to inhibition of turnover of these molecules. Cells on both collagen and plastic synthesized a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan which was secreted into the medium and deposited within the cell layer. On the other hand, cells on collagen synthesized a smaller iduronic acid-rich dermatan sulfate proteoglycan which was deposited only within the collagen gel and not secreted into the medium. By comparison, cells grown on plastic synthesized both a small glucuronic acid-rich dermatan sulfate proteoglycan which was secreted into the medium as well as an iduronic acid-rich dermatan sulfate which was present in the cell layer. Unlike the cell layer-derived dermatan sulfate proteoglycan isolated from the collagen gels, the majority of the cell layer-derived dermatan sulfate from cells on plastic was insensitive to papain treatment and thus identified as free glycosaminoglycan chains. Analysis of the total radiolabeled proteoglycans isolated under the two culture conditions indicated that cultures grown on collagen accumulate less chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and heparan sulfate proteoglycan but over twice as much iduronic acid-rich dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. This culture system is offered as a model to determine the mechanisms by which collagen may in part regulate the metabolism of proteoglycans by arterial smooth muscle cells.
Reconstruction and Morphometric Analysis of the Nasal Airway of the Dog (Canis familiaris) and Implications Regarding Olfactory Airflow (2007)

The canine nasal airway is an impressively complex anatomical structure, having many functional roles. The complicated branching and intricate scrollwork of the nasal conchae provide large surface area for heat, moisture, and odorant transfer. Of the previous anatomical studies of the canine nasal airway, none have included a detailed rendering of the maxilloturbinate and ethmoidal regions of the nose. Here, we present a high-resolution view of the nasal airway of a large dog, using magnetic resonance imaging scans. Representative airway sections are shown, and a three-dimensional surface model of the airway is reconstructed from the image data. The resulting anatomic structure and detailed morphometric data of the airway provide insight into the functional nature of canine olfaction. A complex airway network is revealed, wherein the branched maxilloturbinate and ethmoturbinate scrolls appear structurally distinct. This is quantitatively confirmed by considering the fractal dimension of each airway, which shows that the maxilloturbinate airways are more highly contorted than the ethmoidal airways. Furthermore, surface areas of the maxilloturbinate and ethmoidal airways are shown to be much different, despite having analogous physiological functions. Functionally, the dorsal meatus of the canine nasal airway is shown to be a bypass for odorant-bearing inspired air around the complicated maxilloturbinate during sniffing for olfaction. Finally, nondimensional analysis is used to show that the airflow within both the maxilloturbinate and ethmoturbinate regions must be laminar. This work has direct relevance to biomimetic sniffer design, chemical trace detector development, intranasal drug delivery, and inhalation toxicology.
PfPK6, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase-related protein kinase from Plasmodium falciparum (2000)

We have isolated a novel protein kinase cDNA, PfPK6, by differential display RT-PCR (DDRT-PCR) of mRNA obtained from different asexual erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum, which shows sequence similarity to both cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members. The 915 bp open reading frame (ORF) is interrupted by seven introns and encodes a 305-residue polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 35848 Da. Several cDNA clones with some of the intron sequences were isolated, indicating alternate or defective splicing of PfPK6 transcripts because the gene seems to be a single copy located on chromosome 13. The similarity of the catalytic domain of PfPK6 to those of CDK2 and MAPK is 57.3% and 49.6%, respectively. The signature PSTAIRE (single-letter amino acid codes) CDK motif is changed to SKCILRE in PfPK6. The TXY residues that are phosphorylated in MAPKs for their activation are T173PT in PfPK6. Three size classes of PfPK6 transcripts of 6.5, 2.0 and 1.1 kb are up-regulated during the transition of P. falciparum from ring to trophozoite. Western blot analysis suggested the expression of a 35 kDa polypeptide in trophozoites and schizonts. Immunofluorescence studies indicated both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of PfPK6 in trophozoite, schizont and segmenter stages. In vitro, recombinant PfPK6 phosphorylated itself and also exogenous substrates, histone and the small subunit of the malarial ribonucleotide reductase (R2). The kinase activity of PfPK6 is sensitive to CDK inhibitors such as olomoucine and roscovitine. PfPK6 showed a preference for Mn2+ over Mg2+ ions as a cofactor. The Lys38 → Arg mutant is severely defective in its interaction with ATP and bivalent cations and somewhat defective in catalytic rate for R2 phosphorylation.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in carcinoma of the uterine cervix2. Tissue localization and correlation with plasma antigen concentration (1979)

Immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on the tumors of 241 patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Positive tissue staining indicative of a CEA concentration of at least 3 microgram/gm was present in 154 tumors (63%) as opposed to 0 of 30 specimens of normal cervix (p less than .001). Plasma CEA values were obtained at the time of tissue staining on all patients. Plasma CEA concentration was related more directly to total tumor burden (tumor CEA content x extent of disease) than to tumor CEA concentration alone. Progressively rising plasma CEA levels predicted recurrent disease in over 80% of patients whose tumors stained positively for CEA. In contrast, serial plasma CEA values correlated positively with clinical disease status in only 28% of patients whose tumors were devoid of CEA. Immunoperoxidase staining of tissue specimens identifies those patients whose tumors contain high levels of CEA and who therefore should benefit most from subsequent plasma antigen determinations.
Diastereoselective alkylation of acetoacetates of chiral inductors. Synthetic applications (2000)

Abstract Diastereoselective alkylations of acetoacetates of chiral inductors are reviewed. The formed products are starting materials for the preparation of enantiomerically pure amino acids, 4,4‐disub‐stituted 2‐pyrazolin‐5‐ones, and of oxazoles and pyrazoles incorporating the chiral inductors.
Propagation of <em>Homalodisca coagulata virus-01</em> via <em>Homalodisca vitripennis</em> Cell Culture (2014)

The glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) is a highly vagile and polyphagous insect found throughout the southwestern United States. These insects are the predominant vectors of Xylella fastidiosa (X. fastidiosa), a xylem-limited bacterium that is the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD) of grapevine. Pierce's disease is economically damaging; thus, H. vitripennis have become a target for pathogen management strategies. A dicistrovirus identified as Homalodisca coagulata virus-01 (HoCV-01) has been associated with an increased mortality in H. vitripennis populations. Because a host cell is required for HoCV-01 replication, cell culture provides a uniform environment for targeted replication that is logistically and economically valuable for biopesticide production. In this study, a system for large-scale propagation of H. vitripennis cells via tissue culture was developed, providing a viral replication mechanism. HoCV-01 was extracted from whole body insects and used to inoculate cultured H. vitripennis cells at varying levels. The culture medium was removed every 24 hr for 168 hr, RNA extracted and analyzed with qRT-PCR. Cells were stained with trypan blue and counted to quantify cell survivability using light microscopy. Whole virus particles were extracted up to 96 hr after infection, which was the time point determined to be before total cell culture collapse occurred. Cells were also subjected to fluorescent staining and viewed using confocal microscopy to investigate viral activity on F-actin attachment and nuclei integrity. The conclusion of this study is that H. vitripennis cells are capable of being cultured and used for mass production of HoCV-01 at a suitable level to allow production of a biopesticide.
Twisted Nanotubes of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Split Optical Modes for Tunable Radiated Light Resonators (2023)

Abstract Synthesized micro‐ and nanotubes composed of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS 2 are promising for many applications in nanophotonics because they combine the abilities to emit strong exciton luminescence and to act as whispering gallery microcavities even at room temperature. In addition to tubes in the form of hollow cylinders, there is an insufficiently studied class of twisted tubes, the flattened cross‐section of which rotates along the tube axis. As shown by theoretical analysis, in such nanotubes the interaction of electromagnetic waves excited at the opposite sides of the cross‐section can cause splitting of the whispering gallery modes. By studying micro‐photoluminescence spectra measured along individual MoS 2 tubes, it has been established that the splitting value, which controls the energies of the split modes, depends exponentially on the aspect ratio of the cross‐section, which varies in “breathing” tubes, while the relative intensity of the modes in a pair is determined by the angle of rotation of the cross‐section. These results open up the possibility of creating multifunctional tubular TMDC nanodevices that provide resonant amplification of self‐emitting light at adjustable frequencies.
A Prototype Scintillator Real-Time Beam Monitor for Ultra-high Dose Rate Radiotherapy (2023)

FLASH Radiotherapy (RT) is a potentially new cancer radiotherapy technique where an entire therapeutic dose is delivered in about 0.1 s and at ~1000 times higher dose rate than in conventional RT. For clinical trials to be conducted safely, precise and fast beam monitoring that can generate an out-of-tolerance beam interrupt is required. A FLASH Beam Scintillator Monitor (FBSM) is being developed based in part on a novel proprietary inorganic hybrid scintillator material. The FBSM provides large area coverage, low mass profile, linear response over a broad dynamic range, radiation tolerance, and real-time analysis IEC-compliant fast beam-interrupt signal. This paper includes the design concept and test results from a prototype device in radiation beams that include heavy ions, FLASH level dose per pulse electron beams, anda hospital radiotherapy clinic with electron beams. Results include image quality, response linearity, radiation hardness, spatial resolution, and real-time data processing. The scintillator showed a small -0.02%/kGy signal decrease after a 212 kGy cumulative dose resulting from continuous exposure for 15 minutes at a FLASH compatible dose rate of 234 Gy/s. These tests established the linear response of the FBSM with respect to dose per pulse. Comparison with commercial Gafchromic film indicates that the FBSM produces a high resolution 2D beam image and can reproduce a nearly identical beam profile. At 20 kfps or 50 microsec/frame, the real-time FPGA based computation and analysis of beam position, beam shape, and beam dose takes &lt; 1 microsec.
On the Effect of Testing Frequency on High and Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of AA2024-T3, Ti-6Al-4V, and Inconel 718 (2023)

Abstract An increase of testing frequency to reduce the testing time could affect the fatigue behavior of metallic materials. The current paper investigates the effect of testing frequency on the high and very high cycle fatigue behavior of AA2024, Ti-6Al-4V, and Inconel 718 alloys tested at 20, 90, and 1000 Hz. To quantify the effect of testing frequency a two-parameter Weibull distribution and Basquin’s equation were utilized as well as the threshold stress intensity factor range was determined. Fatigue crack initiation sites were evaluated on the fracture surface with respect to different testing frequencies. The results showed that changes in the testing frequency significantly influence the mechanical response of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, while no substantial impact on the fatigue properties of AA2024 and Inconel 718 alloys was identified. The findings of the study contribute to a more complete knowledge of the frequency sensitivity of the alloys and provide valuable insights for the design and evaluation of materials used in high-frequency applications.
Revisiting Computer Image Analysis and Art (2007)

The authors comment on and refute several points made in Charles Falco's article regarding computer image analysis and art.
Interaction between sub-word parallelism exploitation and low power code transformations for VLIW multi-media processors (1999)

In this paper, the main focus is on the interaction of power optimizing code transformations with the special performance improving sub-word instructions present in modern VLIW multimedia processors. The code transformations proposed by us heavily reduce the power consumption by moving the main part of the memory accesses from larger (off-chip) memories to smaller (on-chip) storage. In addition, most of the time their application also leads to system performance enhancement (in number of cycles) as well. Experimental results on real-life data-dominated applications clearly demonstrate that the application of our power optimizing code transformations approach is orthogonal to the use of instructions related to arithmetic (sub-word) parallelism exploitation. A second conclusion is that the positive impact of our transformations on performance is typically even larger than the effect of the sub-word instructions for the complete application.
Dynamic Risk Perceptions in Times of Avian and Seasonal Influenza Epidemics: A Repeated Cross‐Sectional Design (2021)

Infectious diseases pose a serious threat to humans. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how accurately people perceive these risks. However, accuracy can be operationalized differently depending on the standard of comparison. The present study investigated accuracy in risk perceptions for three infectious diseases (avian influenza, seasonal influenza, common cold) using three different standards for accuracy: Social comparison (self vs. others' risk perceptions), general problem level (risk perceptions for diseases with varying threat levels), and dynamic problem level (risk perceptions during epidemics/seasons vs. nonepidemic/off-season times). Four online surveys were conducted using a repeated cross-sectional design. Two surveys were conducted during epidemics/seasons of avian influenza, seasonal influenza, and common cold in 2006 (n = 387) and 2016 (n = 370) and two surveys during nonepidemic/off-season times for the three diseases in 2009 (n = 792) during a swine flu outbreak and in 2018 (n = 422) during no outbreak of zoonotic influenza. While on average participants felt less at risk than others, indicating an optimistic bias, risk perceptions matched the magnitude of risk associated with the three infectious diseases. Importantly, a significant three-way interaction indicated dynamic accuracy in risk perceptions: Participants felt more at risk for seasonal influenza and common cold during influenza and cold seasons, compared with off-season times. However, these dynamic increases were more pronounced in the perceived risk for others than for oneself (optimistic bias). The results emphasize the importance of using multiple approaches to assess accuracy of risk perception as they provided different information on how accurately people gauge their risk when facing infectious diseases.
Improved Detection of ACK/NACK Messages in the LTE Uplink Control Channel (2012)

In this paper, we present an improved detector for ACK/NACK message detection in the LTE uplink control channel with imperfect channel state information at the receiver. The detector is based on the generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT) paradigm. We derive detection metrics for the cases when the noise variances at the receiver are known and unknown. Noise here may comprise both thermal noise and interference. Simulation results show remarkable performance gains of the GLRT-based detector with unknown noise variances compared to the training-based maximum-likelihood detector with unknown noise variances when the noise variances in two slots are different. Furthermore, the performance of the GLRT-based detector with unknown noise variances is nearly the same as that of the training-based maximum-likelihood detector with known noise variances.