gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HEFT: Homomorphically Encrypted Fusion of Biometric Templates (2022)

This paper proposes a non-interactive end-to-end solution for secure fusion and matching of biometric templates using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). Given a pair of encrypted feature vectors, we perform the following ciphertext operations, i) feature concatenation, ii) fusion and dimensionality reduction through a learned linear projection, iii) scale normalization to unit $\ell_2$-norm, and iv) match score computation. Our method, dubbed HEFT (Homomorphically Encrypted Fusion of biometric Templates), is custom-designed to overcome the unique constraint imposed by FHE, namely the lack of support for non-arithmetic operations. From an inference perspective, we systematically explore different data packing schemes for computationally efficient linear projection and introduce a polynomial approximation for scale normalization. From a training perspective, we introduce an FHE-aware algorithm for learning the linear projection matrix to mitigate errors induced by approximate normalization. Experimental evaluation for template fusion and matching of face and voice biometrics shows that HEFT (i) improves biometric verification performance by 11.07% and 9.58% AUROC compared to the respective unibiometric representations while compressing the feature vectors by a factor of 16 (512D to 32D), and (ii) fuses a pair of encrypted feature vectors and computes its match score against a gallery of size 1024 in 884 ms. Code and data are available at https://github.com/human-analysis/encrypted-biometric-fusion
Incidence, course, and outcome of Clostridium difficile infection in children with hematological malignancies or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2018)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in children during anticancer therapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Europe. Immunosuppression in these patients is a risk factor for CDI. Malignant diseases, age, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), HLA mismatch, or use of total body irradiation may play an important role in CDI course. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, course, and outcome of CDI in children treated for malignancy or undergoing HSCT. Between 2012 and 2015, a total number of 1846 patients were treated for malignancy in Polish pediatric oncological centers (PHO group) and 342 underwent transplantation (HSCT group). In PHO group, episodes of CDI occurred in 210 patients (14%). The incidence of CDI was higher in patients with hematological malignancies in comparison to that with solid tumors. Patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia had shorter time to episode of CDI than those with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Patients over 5 years and treated for acute leukemia had more severe clinical course of disease in PHO group. In HSCT group, CDI occurred in 29 (8%) patients. The incidence of CDI was higher in patients transplanted for acute leukemia. The recurrence rate was 14.7% in PHO and 20.7% in HSCT patients. CDI incidence was highest in patients with hematological malignancies. Most of patients experienced mild CDI. Age < 5 years and diagnosis other than acute leukemia were the positive prognostic factors influencing clinical CDI course.
Art of constructing low-complexity encoders/decoders for constrained block codes (2002)

Suppose we are given a block code, that is, a list of at least 2/sup p/ q-bit self-concatenable codewords. A rate p:q block encoder is a dataword-to-codeword assignment from 2/sup p/ p-bit datawords to 2/sup p/ q-bit codewords, and the corresponding block decoder is the inverse of the encoder. We propose efficient heuristic computer algorithms (i) to eliminate the excess codewords; and (ii) to construct low hardware complexity block encoders/decoders. Constructing low-complexity encoder/decoders for very high rate codes is of immense economical value-as these codes may be implemented in mass-market magnetic recording systems. For several practical constraints, block encoders/decoders generated using the proposed algorithms are comparable in complexity to human-generated encoders/decoders, but are significantly simpler than lexicographical encoders/decoders.
Section Review Biologicals & Immunologicals: Progress in the development and patenting of antisense drug discovery technology (1996)

There has been prolific patenting activity surrounding antisense technology to date. With more than fifty issued patents and innumerable applications published, a relatively clear picture about current and future patent positions can be defined. In this article the basics of antisense patenting, various strategies and the current patent positions of the major antisense programs are reviewed.
Considering Manufacturability in the Design of Deployable Origami-Adapted Mechanisms (2017)

Primary barriers to greater implementation of deployable origami-adapted mechanisms are their manufacturability and robustness. This paper discusses manufacturability in the design of such mechanisms through presenting and examining three examples. Manufacturability lessons gathered from these examples include the importance of joint-panel interfaces and how techniques and approaches for origami-adapted design can be customized to meet the needs of a specific product. As the manufacturability of deployable origami-adapted products is addressed and improved, their robustness will also improve, thereby enabling greater use of origami-adapted design.
RSVP: a new resource reservation protocol (2002)

A resource reservation protocol (RSVP), a flexible and scalable receiver-oriented simplex protocol, is described. RSVP provides receiver-initiated reservations to accommodate heterogeneity among receivers as well as dynamic membership changes; separates the filters from the reservation, thus allowing channel changing behavior; supports a dynamic and robust multipoint-to-multipoint communication model by taking a soft-state approach in maintaining resource reservations; and decouples the reservation and routing functions. A simple network configuration with five hosts connected by seven point-to-point links and three switches is presented to illustrate how RSVP works. Related work and unresolved issues are discussed. >
Immotile cilia of the mouse node sense a fluid flow–induced mechanical force for left-right symmetry breaking (2022)

Immotile cilia of crown cells at the node of mouse embryos are required for sensing of a leftward fluid flow 1 that gives rise to the breaking of left-right (L-R) symmetry 2 . The flow-sensing mechanism has long remained elusive, however, with both mechanosensing and chemosensing models having been proposed 1, 3–5 . Here we show that immotile cilia at the mouse node respond to mechanical force. In the presence of a leftward flow, immotile cilia on the left side of the node bend toward the ventral side whereas those on the right side bend toward the dorsal side. Application of mechanical stimuli to immotile cilia along the dorsoventral axis by optical tweezers induced Ca 2+ transients and degradation of Dand5 mRNA—the first known L-R asymmetric molecular events—in the targeted cells. The Pkd2 channel protein was found to be preferentially localized to the dorsal side of immotile cilia on both left and right sides of the node, and the observed induction of Ca 2+ transients preferentially by mechanical stimuli directed toward the ventral side could explain the differential response of immotile cilia to the directional flow. Our results thus suggest that immotile cilia at the node sense the direction of fluid flow in a manner dependent on a flow-generated mechanical force.
Chemically sensitive interfaces on SAW devices (1993)

Using surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, three approaches to the effective use of chemically sensitive interfaces that are not highly chemically selective have been examined: (1) molecular identification from time-resolved permeation transients; (2) using multifrequency SAW devices to determine the frequency dependence of analyte/film interactions; (3) use of an array of SAW devices bearing diverse chemically sensitive interfaces to produce a distinct response pattern for each analyte. In addition to their well-known sensitivity to mass changes (0.0035 monolayer of N{sub 2} can be measured), SAW devices respond to the mechanical and electronic properties of thin films, enhancing response information content but making a thorough understanding of the perturbation critical. Simultaneous measurement of changes in frequency and attenuation, which can provide the information necessary to determine the type of perturbation, are used as part of the above discrimination schemes.
Using the Dynamic Behavior of Superimposed Fields for Point Field-Based Current Sensing (2006)

The dynamic behavior of magnetic fields surrounding adjacent current carrying conductors is investigated for the purpose of point field-based current sensing. The influence of eddy currents on magnetic field distribution over the useful spectrum (DC to 1 MHz) is quantified using a spatially dependent metric, the 5% flat bandwidth (FBW). A comparison of field distributions at DC and 1 MHz show the origin of the FBW function, which is unique to each conductor's cross-section and nearby environment. The FBW fields for several different conductor geometries are analyzed. Superposition is used for conductor geometries that have multiple currents. A method for determining optimal field detector placement using optimization functions is introduced
Growth of Laboratory and Naturally Occurring Strains of Eaton Agent in Monkey Kidney Tissue Culture (1960)

An egg adapted strain of Eaton agent multiplied in rhesus monkey kidney tissue culture. Antigen concentration within the cells was insufficient to permit visualization by immunofluorescence. An eclipse phase was demonstrated during replication in monkey kidney cells. In a simultaneous test monkey kidney culture was found to be as sensitive as embryonated eggs for recovery of naturally occurring strains of Eaton agent. Fourteen strains were recovered in tissue culture from 17 patients with pneumonia.
Demonstration by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction that Cellular DNA Alkylation by Novel Aminoindoline Compounds Affects Expression of the Protooncogene c-myc (2005)

Aminoindolines, analogues of the potent DNA alkylating agent seco-CBI-TMI, bind to and alkylate in the minor groove of AT-rich DNA in vitro. Here we extend the in vitro mechanism of action studies by treating cells in culture and examining the DNA binding patterns within AT-rich regions of the protooncogene locus c-myc, using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) stop assay. In addition, real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR is used to examine the immediate effects of drug treatment on c-myc expression. These analyses demonstrate a concentration and time dependence for DNA alkylation at the chosen sites within the c-myc locus, as well as a prompt and significant downregulation of c-myc expression. While downregulation of this important growth regulator is likely not the only consequence of aminoindoline treatment, these studies begin to address the cellular pathways that are involved in the potent cytotoxic effects observed and provide insights for the future development of anticancer drugs of this class.
Carbon/carbon composites derived from poly(ethylene oxide)‐modified novolac‐type phenolic resin: Microstructure and physical, and morphological properties (2002)

A poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) novolac-type phenolic resin blend was prepared by the physical blending method. The modified novolac-type phenolic resin with various PEO contents was used as a matrix precursor to fabricate carbon/carbon composites. The effect of the PEO/phenolic resin mixing ratio on the change of the density and of the porosity was studied. The flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the PEO/phenolic resin blend-derived carbon/carbon composites were also investigated. The results show that the density of the PEO/phenolic resin blend-derived carbon/carbon composites decreases with the PEO content. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra studies showed that the carbon fiber in the samples will affect the growth of the ordered carbon structure. From SEM morphological observation, it is shown that the fracture surface of specimens is smooth. Also, there is less fiber pull-out and fiber breakage on the fracture surface. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1609–1619, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10407
Airway Thiol-NO Adducts as Determinants of Exhaled NO (2021)

Thiol-NO adducts such as <i>S</i>-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) are endogenous bronchodilators in human airways. Decreased airway <i>S</i>-nitrosothiol concentrations are associated with asthma. Nitric oxide (NO), a breakdown product of GSNO, is measured in exhaled breath as a biomarker in asthma; an elevated fraction of expired NO (F<sub>ENO</sub>) is associated with asthmatic airway inflammation. We hypothesized that F<sub>ENO</sub> could reflect airway <i>S</i>-nitrosothiol concentrations. To test this hypothesis, we first studied the relationship between mixed expired NO and airway <i>S</i>-nitrosothiols in patients endotracheally intubated for respiratory failure. The inverse (Lineweaver-Burke type) relationship suggested that expired NO could reflect the rate of pulmonary <i>S</i>-nitrosothiol breakdown. We thus studied NO evolution from the lungs of mice (GSNO reductase <sup>-/-</sup>) unable reductively to catabolize GSNO. More NO was produced from GSNO in the <sup>-/-</sup> compared to wild type lungs. Finally, we formally tested the hypothesis that airway GSNO increases F<sub>ENO</sub> using an inhalational challenge model in normal human subjects. F<sub>ENO</sub> increased in all subjects tested, with a median t<sub>1/2</sub> of 32.0 min. Taken together, these data demonstrate that F<sub>ENO</sub> reports, at least in part, GSNO breakdown in the lungs. Unlike GSNO, NO is not present in the lungs in physiologically relevant concentrations. However, F<sub>ENO</sub> following a GSNO challenge could be a non-invasive test for airway GSNO catabolism.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Transient Antiangiogenic Treatment Improves Delivery of Cytotoxic Compounds and Therapeutic Outcome in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 677KB, Multimodal imaging of tumor blood flow using 15OH2O PET in xenograft (H1975) in mice using ZD6474 as anti-angiogenic agent.&lt;/p&gt;
LLNL RADIATION DETECTOR MATERIALS FOR INTERNATIONAL SAFEGUARDS (2010)

Abstract not provided
Recognition of Defocused Patterns (2014)

The paper addresses the recognition problem of defocused patterns. Though recognition algorithms assume that the input images are focused and sharp, it does not always hold on actual camera-captured images. Thus, a recognition method that can recognize defocused patterns is required. In this paper, we propose a novel recognition framework for defocused patterns, relying on a single camera without a depth sensor. The framework is based on the coded aperture which can recover a less-degraded image from a defocused image if depth is available. However, in the problem setting of “a single camera without a depth sensor, ” estimating depth is ill-posed and an assumption is required to estimate the depth. To solve the problem, we introduce a new assumption suitable for pattern recognition; templates are known. It is based on the fact that in pattern recognition, all templates must be available in advance for training. The experiments confirmed that the proposed method is fast and robust to defocus and scaling, especially for heavily defocused patterns.
Reversible Electrochemical Lithium-Ion Insertion into the Rhenium Cluster Chalcogenide–Halide Re6Se8Cl2 (2018)

The cluster-based material Re<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>8</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> is a two-dimensional ternary material with cluster-cluster bonding across the a and b axes capable of multiple electron transfer accompanied by ion insertion across the c axis. The Li/Re<sub>6</sub>Se<sub>8</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> system showed reversible electron transfer from 1 to 3 electron equivalents (ee) at high current densities (88 mA/g). Upon cycling to 4 ee, there was evidence of capacity degradation over 50 cycles associated with the formation of an organic solid-electrolyte interface (between 1.45 and 1 V vs Li/Li<sup>+</sup>). This investigation highlights the ability of cluster-based materials with two-dimensional cluster bonding to be used in applications such as energy storage, showing structural stability and high rate capability.
Imaging fluorescence parameters by Bayesian optical diffusion tomography (2002)

A Bayesian optimization scheme is presented for reconstructing fluorescent yield and lifetime, the absorption coefficient, and the scattering coefficient in turbid media, such as biological tissue. The method utilizes measurements at both the excitation and emission wavelengths for reconstructing all unknown parameters. The effectiveness of the reconstruction algorithm is demonstrated by simulation and by application to experimental data from a tissue phantom containing a fluorescent agent.
Tipping points in overturning circulation mediated by ocean mixing and the configuration and magnitude of the hydrological cycle: A simple model (2023)

The current configuration of the ocean overturning involves upwelling predominantly in the Southern Ocean and sinking predominantly in the Atlantic basin. The reasons for this remain unclear, as both models and paleoclimatic observations suggest that sinking can sometimes occur in the Pacific. We present a six-box model of the overturning in which temperature, salinity and low-latitude pycnocline depths are allowed to vary prognostically in both the Atlantic and Pacific. The overturning is driven by temperature, winds, and mixing and modulated by the hydrological cycle. In each basin there are three possible flow regimes, depending on whether low-latitude water flowing into northern surface boxes is transformed into dense deep water, somewhat lighter intermediate water, or light water that is returned at the surface. The resulting model combines insights from a number of previous studies and allows for nine possible global flow regimes. For the modern ocean, we find that although the interbasin atmospheric freshwater flux suppresses Pacific sinking, the equator-to-pole flux enhances it. When atmospheric temperatures are held fixed, seven possible flow regimes can be accessed by changing the amplitude and configuration of the modern hydrological cycle . North Pacific overturning can strengthen with either increases or decreases in the hydrological cycle, as well as under reversal of the interbasin freshwater flux. Tipping-point behavior of both transient and equilibrium states is modulated by parameters such as the poorly constrained lateral diffusive mixing. If hydrological cycle amplitude is varied consistently with global temperature, northern polar amplification is necessary for the Atlantic overturning to collapse
A comparison of techniques for multi-display reaching (2005)

Recent advances in multi-user collaboration have seen a proliferation of interaction techniques for moving digital objects from one device to another. However, little is known about how these techniques work in realistic situations, or how they compare to one another. We conducted a study to compare the efficiency of six techniques for moving objects from a tablet to a tabletop display. We compared the techniques in four different distance ranges and with three movement directions. We found that techniques like the Radar View and Pick-and-Drop, that have a control-to-display ratio of 1, are significantly faster for object movement than techniques that have smaller control-to-display ratios. We also found that using spatial manipulation of objects was faster than pressure-based manipulation.
Characterization of the renal tubular transport of zonampanel, a novel alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonist, by human organic anion transporters. (2004)

Zonampanel monohydrate (YM872; [2,3-dioxo-7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-quinoxalinyl]acetic acid monohydrate) is a novel alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist. The major elimination route for zonampanel has been reported to be by urine via the kidneys. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the renal excretion of zonampanel using cells stably expressing human organic anion transporters (hOAT) 1, hOAT2, hOAT3, and hOAT4, as well as human organic cation transporters (hOCT) 1 and hOCT2. Another AMPA receptor antagonist, YM90K [6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-7-nitro-2,3(1H,4H)-quinoxalinedione monohydrochloride], a decarboxymethylated form of zonampanel, was also used for comparing the substrate specificity. Zonampanel inhibited the uptake of prototypical organic anion substrates, [14C]para-aminohippurate in hOAT1 and [3H]estrone sulfate in hOAT3 and hOAT4, in a competitive manner. A time- and concentration-dependent increase in [14C]zonampanel uptake was observed in cells expressing hOAT1, hOAT3, and hOAT4. The Km values of zonampanel uptake by hOAT1, hOAT3, and hOAT4 were 1.4, 7.7, and 215 microM, respectively. Considering the localization of each transporter, results suggest that zonampanel is taken up via hOAT1 and hOAT3 from the blood into proximal tubular cells and then effluxed into the lumen via hOAT4. Probenecid and cimetidine competitively inhibited [14C]zonampanel uptake by the hOATs (hOAT1, hOAT3, and hOAT4 for probenecid; hOAT3 for cimetidine). YM90K inhibited the uptake of the prototypical substrate via hOAT3 competitively, but the uptake via hOAT1 noncompetitively. These findings suggest that the prototypical organic anion substrates (para-aminohippurate and estrone sulfate), cimetidine, probenecid, and zonampanel share binding specificity in each hOAT, whereas YM90K does not in hOAT1, possibly due to it being the decarboxymethylated form.
Non-linear adaptive three-dimensional imaging with interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) (2018)

Interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is an incoherent digital holography technique for imaging 3D objects without two-wave interference. In I-COACH, the object beam is modulated by a pseudorandom coded phase mask (CPM) and propagates to the camera where its intensity pattern is recorded. The image of the object is reconstructed by a cross-correlation of the object intensity pattern with a point intensity response of the system, whereas the light from both the object and the point, are modulated by the same CPM. In order to recover the image of the object without bias level and background noise, multiple intensity recordings are necessary for both objects as well as the point object, which in turn significantly reduces the time resolution of imaging. In this study, a non-linear reconstruction technique is developed to reconstruct the image of the object with only a single camera shot. Furthermore, the proposed technique is adaptive to different experimental conditions in the sense of finding different optimal parameters for each experiment. The new method has been implemented on a regular I-COACH system in both transmission as well as reflection illumination modes.
Zone-dependent acute circulatory changes in abdominal organs and extremities after resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA): an experimental model (2021)

All abdominal organs showed significant changes in microcirculation during REBOA. The intra-abdominal organs react differently to the same occlusion, whereas local microcirculation in extremities appeared to be unaffected by short-time REBOA, regardless of the zone of occlusion.