gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in Laser Wakefield Acceleration with Few-Cycle Lasers (2010)

We present a novel method of controlled electron injection from the background plasma into a laser driven plasma wave using a μm - scale density transition. Substantial quality improvements on the monoenergetic electron beam are demonstrated. Furthermore we discuss the rms transverse emittance measurement results of the generated electron bunch. ©2010 American Institute of Physics.
A Skeleton Based Descriptor for Detecting Text in Real Scene Images (2012)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
NMR studies of laser-polarized xenon gas flow in porous and granular media (2003)

1. Gas Flow NMR in Porous Media • NMR studies of gas flow are a powerful probe of hydrodynamic flow and dispersion in porous media, granular flows and segregation processes – Porous media flow characterized by Peclet number: Pe = vL/D (diffusive time / coherent flow time) v = velocity, D = diffusion coefficient, L = pore size – Use of gases, with D ~ 1000 times lower than liquids, allows exploration of small Pe regime, where diffusive displacements ~ flow displacement, and where both displacements ~ pore size. – This regime is relatively unexplored due to difficulty probing such a system. – We are conducting NMR studies of laser-polarized gas flow, to characterize flow regimes and phenomena that can be observed 2. Experimental Setup • Sample held in sealed container, placed in RF coil and put in 4.7 T NMR magnet. • Sample inlet connected to polarization cell, sample outlet connected to mass flow controller and vacuum pump.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Radiotherapy Increases the Permissiveness of Established Mammary Tumors to Rejection by Immunomodulatory Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 208K, Dose-finding experiments comparing the relative sensitivity of established 4T1.2 (A) and AT-3 (B) tumors to ionizing radiation&lt;/p&gt;
Neisseria gonorrhoeaeElicits Membrane Ruffling and Cytoskeletal Rearrangements upon Infection of Primary Human Endocervical and Ectocervical Cells (2000)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a strict human pathogen that is, primarily, transmitted by close sexual contact with an infected individual. Gonococcal infection of the male urogenital tract has been well studied in experimental human models and in urethral cell culture systems. Recent studies, using tissue culture cell systems, have suggested a role for the cervical epithelium in gonococcal infection of females; however, the nature of gonococcal infection of the normal uterine cervix remains controversial. To address this enigma, we have developed two primary human cervical epithelial cell systems from surgical biopsies. Gonococcal infection studies and electron microscopy show that N. gonorrhoeae is capable of infecting and invading both the endo- and the ectocervix. Invasion was found to occur primarily in an actin-dependent manner, but it does not appear to require de novo protein synthesis by either the bacterium or the host cervical cell. Membrane ruffles appear to be induced in response to gonococci. Consistent with membrane ruffling, gonococci were found residing within macropinosomes, and a concentrated accumulation of actin-associated proteins was observed to occur in response to gonococcal infection. Electron microscopy of clinically derived cervical biopsies show that lamellipodia formation and cytoskeletal changes, suggestive of membrane ruffles, also occur in the cervical epithelium of women with naturally acquired gonococcal cervicitis. These studies demonstrate the ability of N. gonorrhoeae to infect and invade both the endo- and the ectocervix of the normal uterine cervix. Gonococcal induced ruffling is a novel finding and may be unique to the cervical epithelium.
Comparison of Tug Force, Leakage and Resheathing Behaviour of Two LAA Occlusion Systems: An In-vitro Study (2019)

Objective: The study aimed to develop in-vitro bench tests for LAA occlusion (LAAo) devices regarding tug force and leakage. Methods: Two LAAo devices, namely the WATCHMAN™ and the Occlutech® occluder, in the sizes 27, 30 and 33 mm were tested regarding tug force and leakage. The testing was performed at out-of-the-box conditions and after repeated resheathing in the novel in-vitro test setups. Results: The tug force of the WATCHMAN™ devices was significantly higher when compared to the Occlutech® occluders at baseline and across the entire sizing range of all device sizes (maximum tug force: 2.6 ± 0.1 N for WATCHMAN™ vs. 1.8 ± 0.1 N for the Occlutech®; p < 0.01). Repeated resheathing of the WATCHMAN™ devices resulted in a maximum reduction of diameter of 7.9%, while resheathing of the Occlutech® implants did not influence device diameter. No significant impact of resheathing on tug force was measured for either device. Leakage was tested in silicone models, and at baseline both occluder systems showed perfect sealing. However, resheathing lead to leakage around the WATCHMAN™ devices. This leakage increased with additional resheathing up to 91.1 ± 7.9% after resheathing four times. Conclusions: The WATCHMAN™ LAA occluder series showed progressive deformation and increased peridevice leakage after resheathing, presumably as a result of diameter reduction. However, stability of the WATCHMAN™ was not impaired by resheathing and was significantly higher than that of the Occlutech® devices. This is most likely due to the anchoring mechanism of the WATCHMAN™ system, which hooks into the tissue rather than relying mainly on radial force.
Structure–Activity Study of the Peptides P5U and Urantide by the Development of Analogues Containing Uncoded Amino Acids at Position 9 (2016)

Abstract Previous modifications of the peptide sequence of human urotensin‐II (U‐II) led to the identification of two well‐known ligands: P5U and urantide. These derivatives are considered to be the most representative agonist and antagonist, respectively, at the human urotensin receptor (UT). Optimization of P5U and urantide was carried out to stabilize specific conformations that may suggest new elements for discriminating agonist versus antagonist activity. We studied novel derivatives containing uncoded amino acids. In particular, the Tyr 9 residue of both P5U and urantide was replaced with nonaromatic hydrophobic bulky residues, as well as conformationally constrained aromatic moieties to generate eight novel derivatives. These analogues further contributed to determining the influence of such residues on binding affinity for and biological activity at UT. One of these eight peptides was also investigated by NMR spectroscopy and docking studies owing to its peculiar conformational properties and mode of interaction with UT. This structure–activity study is aimed at a more thorough examination of the role of tyrosine in modulating the agonism/antagonism of human U‐II.
Stilbenes from sulfur-mediated dehydrodimerization of substituted toluenes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStilbenes from sulfur-mediated dehydrodimerization of substituted toluenesDale E. Van SickleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 10, 3263–3267Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00010a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00010a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SysScale: Exploiting Multi-domain Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling\n for Energy Efficient Mobile Processors (2020)

There are three domains in a modern thermally-constrained mobile\nsystem-on-chip (SoC): compute, IO, and memory. We observe that a modern SoC\ntypically allocates a fixed power budget, corresponding to worst-case\nperformance demands, to the IO and memory domains even if they are\nunderutilized. The resulting unfair allocation of the power budget across\ndomains can cause two major issues: 1) the IO and memory domains can operate at\na higher frequency and voltage than necessary, increasing power consumption and\n2) the unused power budget of the IO and memory domains cannot be used to\nincrease the throughput of the compute domain, hampering performance. To avoid\nthese issues, it is crucial to dynamically orchestrate the distribution of the\nSoC power budget across the three domains based on their actual performance\ndemands.\n We propose SysScale, a new multi-domain power management technique to improve\nthe energy efficiency of mobile SoCs. SysScale is based on three key ideas.\nFirst, SysScale introduces an accurate algorithm to predict the performance\n(e.g., bandwidth and latency) demands of the three SoC domains. Second,\nSysScale uses a new DVFS (dynamic voltage and frequency scaling) mechanism to\ndistribute the SoC power to each domain according to the predicted performance\ndemands. Third, in addition to using a global DVFS mechanism, SysScale uses\ndomain-specialized techniques to optimize the energy efficiency of each domain\nat different operating points.\n We implement SysScale on an Intel Skylake microprocessor for mobile devices\nand evaluate it using a wide variety of SPEC CPU2006, graphics (3DMark), and\nbattery life workloads (e.g., video playback). On a 2-core Skylake, SysScale\nimproves the performance of SPEC CPU2006 and 3DMark workloads by up to 16% and\n8.9% (9.2% and 7.9% on average), respectively.\n
Using Conus venom peptides to understand nervous systems and discover drugs (2008)

The predatory cone snails have complex venoms; each of the 700 species has 100–200 venom components, mostly small (10–30AA), disulfide‐rich peptides. Conopeptides generally target receptors or ion channels in the nervous system, but there is virtually no molecular overlap between venom components from different Conus species, suggesting over 100,000 peptides in living Conus venoms. Because conopeptides are generally highly specific for a particular molecular target, they have been extensively used to investigate nervous system function, and have therapeutic and other biomedical applications as well. One conopeptide (Prialt) is an approved drug for intractable pain. Each individual peptide can be used as a molecular probe for a specific pharmacological site on a receptor/ion channel complex. The discovery work on Conus peptides has provided a general strategy for the systematic discovery of leads for drugs acting on the nervous system from animal biodiversity. This involves analyzing, in a phylogenetically informed manner, rapidly diversifying gene families (“exogenes”) encoding compounds that act on other animals. Supported by GM48677 from the National Institute of General Medical Science.
Static and Dynamical Phyllotaxis in a Magnetic Cactus (2007)

While the statics of many simple physical systems reproduce the striking number-theoretical patterns found in the phyllotaxis of living beings, their dynamics reveal unusual excitations: multiple classical rotons and a large family of interconverting topological solitons. As we introduce those, we also demonstrate experimentally for the first time Levitov's celebrated model for phyllotaxis. Applications at different scales and in different areas of physics are proposed and discussed.
Determination of EGFR Endocytosis Kinetic by Auto-Regulatory Association of PLD1 with μ2 (2009)

These results suggest that the temporal regulation of EGFR endocytosis is achieved by auto-regulatory PLD1 which senses the receptor activation and triggers the translocation of AP2 near to the activated receptor.
The prostaglandin E 2 receptor EP4 is integral to a positive feedback loop for prostaglandin E 2 production in human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2013)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important biological mediator involved in the defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Previously, we reported that in macrophages (Mϕs), infection with avirulent Mtb H37Ra resulted in inhibition of necrosis by an inhibitory effect on mitochondrial permeability transition via the PGE2 receptor EP2. However, human Mϕs also express EP4, a PGE2 receptor functionally closely related to EP2 that also couples to stimulatory guanine nucleotide binding protein, but the functional differences between EP2 and EP4 in Mtb-infected Mϕs have been unclear. EP4 antagonist addition to H37Ra-infected Mϕs inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), which are involved in PGE2 production. Moreover, H37Ra infection induced PGE2 production through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Induction of COX2 and mPGES-1 expression by TLR2 stimulation or Mtb infection was increased after additional stimulation with EP4 agonist. Hence, in Mtb-infected Mϕs, PGE2 production induced by pathogen recognition receptors/p38 MAPK signaling is up-regulated by EP4-triggered signaling to maintain an effective PGE2 concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Paracyclophane Sulfides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A 16nm, +28dBm Dual-Band All-Digital Polar Transmitter Based on 4-core Digital PA for Wi-Fi6E Applications (2022)

Due to the ever-growing demand for higher throughput and longer range from portable devices, wireless transmitters (TX) are required to support wider signal bandwidths and deliver elevated output power, while maintaining high efficiency, especially at power back-off (BO). Recently, digital transmitters (DTXs) that feature arrays of controlled digital-PA (DPA) cells have become increasingly popular, since they directly benefit from nanoscale CMOS technology, yielding reduced die area and highly efficient operation [1]–[4]. However, the lower supply voltages of advanced CMOS nodes present challenges in achieving higher output power with good efficiency. In addition, for cost- and system-complexity reasons, it is very desirable to operate a DTX with a single supply voltage, and, to this end, multicore DPAs with 2- and 4-cores have been reported [4]–[7]. Nevertheless, as more advanced nodes are used, the high output power poses reliability challenges to the circuits. [4] has reported a digital-to-time-converter (DTC)-based polar DTX topology that can support wide bandwidths (up to 160MHz) for dual band WiFi6 applications in 28nm planar CMOS. In comparison, this work presents a DPA that delivers high output power (P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</inf> of ~2SdBm), adds support for the new frequency bands of WiFi6E (6 to 7GHz), and presents a reliability-aware circuit topology to address the challenges of an implementation in the more advanced 16nm FinFET process node.
Analyzing Reservoir Fluid Composition In-Situ in Real Time: Case Study in a Carbonate Reservoir (2003)

Abstract Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is used to provide in-situ quantitative characterization of reservoir fluids during wireline sampling using five representative composition groupings (C1, C2–C5, C6+, CO2, and water). This information is vital for the proper execution of wireline fluid sampling jobs. Time variances of fluid compositions, along with absolute compositions, give us important clues about the phase and contamination level of the capturing samples in real time. In addition, quantitative compositional analysis during wireline sampling provides immediate identification of the critical fluid issues, thereby enabling optimization of the sample acquisition program. Laboratory pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) analysis requires samples that are captured in single phase and are relatively free from mud filtrate contamination. Such information is essential for reservoir management and flow simulation modeling. This paper consists of three parts. The first part covers laboratory NIR spectroscopic study of petroleum fluids at elevated pressures and temperatures. This extensive database, coupled with principal components regression (PCR) technique, establishes the feasibility of such an in-situ compositional analysis. The second part reports shop test results on a downhole experimental prototype. The tool estimates density for each composition group for more than 10 live fluids at conditions simulating a petroleum reservoir. Typically, the measured mass fraction for each composition group agrees with the mass fraction acquired from PVT analysis within ±5% accuracy. The final part presents a field test case study conducted in an onshore carbonate reservoir in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A gas injection pilot has been running for years, and a comprehensive monitoring program is in place. The first field trial of the subject technology in an observation well successfully identified the presence of injected gas, as determined by fluid compositions. This result was later found to be in good agreement with laboratory PVT analysis.
Salt and asthma (1994)

<h3>Summary</h3> Lupus nephritis (LN) increases the morbidity and mortality of patients with SLE. This review compares the randomized, controlled trials that examined various maintenance regimens available to treat LN. Currently, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (AZA) are the most popular therapeutic agents used for long-term maintenance of LN. Long-term maintenance with MMF is recommended as the first choice after achieving remission with cyclophosphamide or MMF induction. MMF is effective in consolidating remission and preventing relapse and CKD in patients of diverse races and ethnicities. Long-term maintenance with AZA is the recommended second choice, especially when patients develop intolerance of or contraindications to MMF. Azathioprine is particularly effective in consolidating remission and preventing relapse and CKD in patients who receive an induction regimen of cyclophosphamide. To date, there are no data on how rapidly maintenance therapies can be withdrawn; however, it is recommended that the immunosuppressive therapy be maintained indefinitely, unless it is contraindicated, in patients at high risk for progression to CKD.
Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemical Assignment of (+)- and (−)-Galbulimima Alkaloid 13 (2006)

We describe the total synthesis of (+)- and (-)-galbulimima alkaloid 13. The absolute stereochemistry of natural (-)-galbulimima alkaloid 13 is revised to 2S. Sequential use of catalytic cross-coupling and cross-metathesis reactions followed by an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction provided the required trans-decalin AB-ring system and masked the C16 carbonyl as an N-vinyl carbamate for late-stage unveiling in the form of the necessary C16 enone. A vinyl radical cyclization secured the C-ring, while successful execution of our strategy for introduction of the CDE-ring system in complex galbulimima alkaloids provided the target pentacycle with complete diastereoselection.
Phagocyte-specific S100 proteins in the local response to theEchinococcus granulosuslarva (2012)

Infection by larval Echinococcus granulosus is usually characterized by tight inflammatory control. However, various degrees of chronic granulomatous inflammation are also observed, reaching a high point in infection of cattle by the most prevalent parasite strain worldwide, which is not well adapted to this host species. In this context, epithelioid and multinucleated giant macrophages surround the parasite, and the secreted products of these cells often associate with the larval wall. The phagocyte-specific S100 proteins, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12, are important non-conventionally secreted amplifiers of inflammatory responses. We have analysed by proteomics and immunohistochemistry the presence of these proteins at the E. granulosus larva-host interface. We found that, in the context of inflammatory control as observed in human infections, the S100 proteins are not abundant, but S100A9 and S100A8 can be expressed by eosinophils distal to the parasite. In the granulomatous inflammation context as observed in cattle infections, we found that S100A12 is one of the most abundant host-derived, parasite-associated proteins, while S100A9 and S100A8 are not present at similarly high levels. As expected, S100A12 derives mostly from the epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells. S100A12, as well as cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase-9, also expressed by E. granulosus-elicited epithelioid cells, are connected to the Th17 arm of immunity, which may therefore be involved in this granulomatous response.
Effects of extracellular ATP and adenosine on different thymocyte subsets: possible role of ATP-gated channels and G protein-coupled purinergic receptor (1997)

To explore the possible role of purinergic receptors in thymocyte development and in pathogenesis of adenosine deaminase SCID, we studied effects of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP(ext)) and adenosine on TCR- and steroid hormone-triggered processes in mouse thymocytes. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis confirms the mRNA expression of several types of purinergic receptors, while the functioning of ATP receptors in thymocytes is reflected by ATP(ext)-induced intracellular calcium increases and by thymocyte subset-specific sensitivity to the effects of ATP(ext) and adenosine. Only ATP(ext), but not the ATP catabolites, adenosine, dexamethasone, or TCR cross-linking, was efficient in triggering rapid protein synthesis independent lysis of CD4+8- thymocytes and peripheral CD4+ T cells. In contrast, extracellular adenosine specifically induced the apoptosis of CD4+8+ thymocytes. ATP(ext) also induced a slower process of DNA fragmentation and protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis in all thymocyte subsets. ATP(ext) had an additive effect with TCR cross-linking in the induction of thymocyte death, but, unexpectedly, the effects of ATP(ext) at high concentration were antagonistic to steroid-induced apoptosis. Described here, the properties of ATP(ext) and adenosine are consistent with their involvement in the regulation of T cell development due to differential expression and signaling through purinergic receptors in different thymocyte subsets. The possible role of purinergic receptor signaling in T cell differentiation and adenosine deaminase SCID is discussed.