gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Particle Lag on Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer Statistics (2014)

Strong evidence exists that experimental data gathered in high speed flows using particle-based techniques exhibit significant particle lag effects on magnitudes of turbulence quantities. The authors present new data and a linear first-order lag correction scheme based upon Reynolds stress spectral functions which explain discrepancies in stress magnitudes and expected,van Driest-scaled results. It is shown that due to the characteristicsally ‘flat’ spectrum exhibited by the normal-to-wall stress, that term is most susceptible to frequency filtering effects due to particle lag, while the stream-wise stress is affected little, corroborating experimental findings presented by other authors. The proposed correction scheme makes use of scaling relationships from subsonic flows to permit use of spectral data. Mean velocities and Reynolds stresses have been measured for a Mach 2.0 supersonic smooth wall turbulent boundary layer flow using a three-velocity-component laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). The semi-local scaling for turbulent statics shows better agreement with incompressible flows than the conventional Morkovin’s scaling. Reynolds stresses have been corrected based on the particle lag model and subsonic Reynolds stresses spectra. The particle lag correction affects significantly the magnitude of Reynolds stresses and seems to be the main reason for lower Reynolds stresses reported in previous compressible turbulent boundary layer LDV measurements.
Commentary on theOrganization ScienceSpecial Issue on Complexity (1999)

The appearance of this special issue of Organization Science reflects—and will surely increase—the attention organizational researchers are paying to studies of “complex systems.” There has been a remarkable wave of interest in this synthesis of concepts arising from the intersection of biology, physics, and computer science. However, if this line of work is to develop into a permanent source of valuable ideas for organizational researchers, rather than to prove a passing fancy, we need to begin sharpening our appraisal of the promise and limitations of complex systems theories in the study of organization. To have real value, such new ideas cannot for very long be characterized as the potential answer to almost every question. A period of testing their applicability across a spectrum of issues is needed. This will help us to determine on which problems the ideas work best, and which are best attacked with other tools.
A proposed test for human-level intelligence in AI (2023)

The need for a meaningful test for intelligence in AI becomes increasingly pressing as AI systems grow more sophisticated. Several approaches have been proposed for intelligence tests, ranging from solving puzzles, understanding natural language, or learning and adapting to new situations. I here propose that instead of assessing intelligence based on conversational text (Turing test) or creativity (Lovelace test), a superior test assesses the capacity to make scientific discovery. However, it is critical to note there are different categories of such discovery. Level 1 discovery is defined here as piecing together scattered facts in the scientific literature, something that approaches impossibility for a human who cannot read the literature in its entirety nor enjoy perfect recall. Level 1 discoveries will be meaningful and important, but there is an important distinction to be drawn: Level 2 discoveries require the building and simulation of new models rather than simply a joining of facts. Einstein’s discovery of special relativity or Darwin’s proposal of evolution by natural selection are examples that extend beyond simple interpolation and instead require novel frameworks. In summary, scientific discovery can serve as a meaningful test of intelligence – but this requires distinguishing different levels, and in this proposal only Level 2 discoveries will serve to demonstrate human-level intelligence.
Simulation of 3D Doping by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation for FinFET or deep Trench Doping Applications. Effect of main Process Parameters and Study of Wall Doping Non-Uniformity as Function of Form Factor and Device Scaling (2018)

Understanding and simulating 3D doping performed by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation on FinFETs or on deep trenches for flash memories or power devices applications is a key topic to optimize process parameters and to forecast effect of form factor evolution requested by technology scaling. In this work, we developed a model based on the following strategy.1-Calculation of angle and energy distribution of ions and neutrals reaching wafer surface as function of PIII process parameters (TRIM Monte Carlo simulation in gases) 2-Calculation of local ion distributions (quantity, angle and energy distribution) along the top, walls and bottom of Fins or trenches based on simple geometrical model with shadowing effect. 3-Calculation of local in depth dopant distribution on all points of the structure based on TRIM Monte-Carlo simulation 4-Recalculation of mean concentration profile and comparison with 1.5D SIMS.Effect of main process parameters (plasma density and pressure) is shown as well as geometrical parameters of doped structures (aspect ratio, tapering angle). After having compared the model to experimental data, impact of geometrical changes due to technology scaling is discussed (fin pitch for Finfet application, form factor for trench doping applications).
Deficiency of complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in a patient with facioscapulohumeral disease. (1991)

Facioscapulohumeral disease (FSHD), an inherited neuromuscular disorder, is characterized by progressive wasting of specific muscle groups, particularly the proximal musculature of the upper limbs; the primary defect in this disorder is unknown. We studied a patient with FSHD to determine whether the mitochondrial respiratory chain was functionally abnormal. Muscle biopsy revealed fiber atrophy with patchy staining for oxidative enzymes. Electron microscopy of a liver section showed many enlarged mitochondria with paracrystalline inclusions. Decreased oxidation of the respiratory substrates-alanine and succinate-in skin fibroblasts suggested a deficiency of complex III of the electron-transport chain; cytochrome c oxidase activity (complex IV) was in the normal range. Biochemical analysis of liver supported the fibroblast data, since succinate oxidase activity (electron-transport activity through complexes II-IV) was reduced, whereas complex IV activity was normal. Furthermore, analysis of the cytochrome spectrum in liver revealed typical peaks for cytochromes cc1 and aa3, whereas cytochrome b (a component of complex III) was undetectable. Southern blot analysis of fibroblast mtDNA revealed no major deletions or rearrangements. Our study provides the first documentation of a specific enzyme-complex deficiency associated with FSHD.
Safety and Dosing Study of a Cholecystokinin Receptor Antagonist in Non‐alcoholic Steatohepatitis (2022)

High saturated fat diets have been shown to raise blood levels of cholecystokinin (CCK) and induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). CCK receptors are expressed on stellate cells and are responsible for hepatic fibrosis when activated. The purpose of this study was to test the safety and dose of a CCK receptor antagonist, proglumide, in human participants with NASH. An open-label single ascending dose study was conducted in 18 participants with clinical NASH based upon steatosis by liver ultrasound, elevated hepatic transaminases, and a component of the metabolic syndrome. Three separate cohorts (N = 6 each) were treated with oral proglumide for 12 weeks in a sequential ascending fashion with 800 (Cohort 1), 1,200 (Cohort 2), and 1,600 (Cohort 3) mg/day, respectively. Blood hematology, chemistries, proglumide levels, a biomarker panel for fibrosis, and symptom surveys were determined at baseline and every 4 weeks. Abdominal ultrasounds and transient elastography utilizing FibroScan were obtained at baseline and at Week 12. Proglumide was well tolerated at all doses without any serious adverse events. There was no change in body weight from baseline to Week 12. For Cohorts 1, 2, and 3, the median percent change in alanine aminotransferase was 8.42, -5.05, and -22.23 and median percent change in fibrosis score by FibroScan was 8.13, -5.44, and -28.87 (kPa), respectively. Hepatic steatosis as measured by controlled attenuation parameter score significantly decreased with proglumide, (P < 0.05). Blood microRNA biomarkers and serum 4-hydroxyproline were consistent with decreased fibrosis at Week 12 compared with baseline. These findings suggest proglumide exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties and this compound is well tolerated in participants with NASH.
The Effects of Quantizing the Fractional Interval in Interpolation Filters (2000)

The fractional interval, which is an adjustable continu-ous-valued parameter in interpolation filters, is used to determine the interval between the output sample and the previous input sample. This paper presents the effects of quantizing the fractional interval. It is shown that this quantization causes images to the stopband of the filter. These images are reduced by 6dB per every extra bit. 1.
Development of Energy-Efficient Cryogenic Leads with High Temperature Superconducting Films on Ceramic Substrates (2012)

High temperature superconductor (HTS) material can be used for the implementation of high-speed low-heat conduction data links to transport digital data from 4 K superconductor integrated circuits to higher-temperature parts of computing systems. In this work, we present a conceptual design of energy efficient interface and results in fabricating such HTS leads. Initial calculations have shown that the microstrip line cable geometry for typical materials employed in production of HTS thin films can be a two-layered film for which the two layers of about 10 cm long are separated by an insulation layer with as low permittivity as possible. With this architecture in mind, the pulsed laser deposition process has been designed in a 45 cm diameter vacuum chamber to incorporate an oscillating sample holder with homogeneous substrate heating up to 900°C, while the laser plume is fixed. This design has allowed us to produce 200 nm to 500 nm thick, 7 cm to 10 cm long YBa2Cu3O7 thin films with the homogeneous critical temperature (Tc) of about 90 K. The critical current density (Jc) of the short samples obtained from the long sample is of (2 ± 1) × 1010 A/m2. Lines of 3-100 μm wide have been successfully patterned along the length of the samples in order to directly measure the Tc and Jc values over the entire length of the samples, as well as to attempt the structuring of multichannel data lead prototype.
Aliasing-Free Digital Pulse-Width Modulation for Burst-Mode RF Transmitters (2012)

Burst-mode operation of power amplifiers (PAs) is a promising concept towards higher power efficiency in radio frequency (RF) transmitters. Such transmitters use pulse-width modulation (PWM) to create the driving signal for the PA, and a reconstruction filter after amplification to obtain the transmission signal. However, conventional digital pulse-width modulated signals contain a large amount of distortion that cannot be removed by the reconstruction filter in a satisfactory manner.
Integrated Valorization of Desalination Brine through NaOH Recovery: Opportunities and Challenges (2019)

The rising use of seawater desalination for fresh water production is driving a parallel rise in the discharge of high-salinity brine into the ocean. Better utilization of this brine would have a positive impact on the energy use, cost, and environmental footprint of desalination. Furthermore, intermittent renewable energy can easily power the brine utilization and, for reverse osmosis technology, the entire desalination plant. One pathway toward these goals is to convert the otherwise discharged brine into useful chemicals; waste could be transformed into sodium hydroxide or caustic soda (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). In this Minireview, we discuss opportunities and challenges for integrated valorization of desalination brine through NaOH and HCl recovery.
Circuit Monitoring Across Design Life-Cycle in 28nm FD-SOI and 40nm Bulk CMOS technologies (2021)

This paper presents circuit monitoring, reviewing different classes of silicon monitoring solutions, the specificity of each class, and where they best fit in the life-cycle of circuit design. A diversified circuit monitoring strategy is presented, that encompasses Early-Silicon versus Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) calibration, In-Die High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) testing and In-Field Dynamic monitoring, coupled with Adaptative Voltage Scaling (AVS) and/or Adaptative Body-Bias (ABB) live compensation. Illustrations of Silicon measurement and CAD simulation analysis from 40nm CMOS and 28nm FD-SOI, general purpose and automotive derivative, are presented.
Conclusion (2002)

Abstract Most of the cities in Europe originally represented points of articulation between trade, culture, and forms of political autonomy. Then, when the nation-state gained a monopoly over organizing culture, political power, and different forms of exchange, European cities became integrated into this national whole. Integration meant that nation-states, which organized the economy, became the main force influencing the future evolution of cities. The more the city was integrated into the state, the more dominant ‘those who made it their business to serve the state’ became. Robust European cities now have to cope with more competition, more market regulations, and more networks. Again, all this is not entirely new. The last hundred years of the nation-state phase have brought European cities back to a situation, if not of resistance to change, then at least to limited movement within centre-periphery relations. However, the field is opening up again now.
Inverse relationship between matrix remodeling and lipid metabolism during osteoarthritis progression in the STR/ORT mouse (2007)

Since adipogenesis and osteogenesis are inversely related in the developing skeletal tissue, these results suggest that a shift in the differentiation of mesenchymal cells from adipogenesis toward osteogenesis is a component of the OA pathophysiologic processes occurring in the tibial plateau joints of STR/Ort mice.
Microwave‐Promoted Automated Synthesis of a Coumarin Library. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterizing atomic magnetic gradiometers for fetal magnetocardiography (2019)

Atomic magnetometers (AMs) offer many advantages over superconducting quantum interference devices due to, among other things, having comparable sensitivity while not requiring cryogenics. One of the major limitations of AMs is the challenge of configuring them as gradiometers. We report the development of a spin-exchange relaxation free vector atomic magnetic gradiometer with a sensitivity of 3 fT cm<sup>-1</sup> Hz<sup>-1/2</sup> and common mode rejection ratio >150 in the band from DC to 100 Hz. We introduce a background suppression figure of merit for characterizing the performance of gradiometers. It allows for optimally setting the measurement baseline and for quickly assessing the advantage, if any, of performing a measurement in a gradiometric mode. As an application, we consider the problem of fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) detection in the presence of a large background maternal MCG signal.
Waveguide-enhanced Raman scattering for chemical sensing (Conference Presentation) (2017)

We will review the state of the art for on-chip, Raman-based sensing using waveguides including our recent work with sorbent-coated waveguides for trace gas sensing showing parts-per-billion limits of detection. We will show that signal enhancements due to scattering that takes place in the evanescent field coupled with a thin hypersorbent polymer coating can yield Raman efficiencies which are nine orders of magnitude larger than traditional micro-Raman techniques. We will also discuss challenges with gas component discrimination and in moving toward a fully integrated photonic circuit architecture for handheld Raman-based trace gas sensors.
0.33 NA EUV systems for high-volume manufacturing (2021)

ASML NXE:3400 scanners are now commonly used for High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) of 7nm and 5nm logic devices as well as D1z memory devices. This year, ASML has introduced the NXE:3600D scanner to the market, targeting 3nm logic and D1a and D1b nodes. In this paper we will share the latest performance of these systems, including excellent overlay, critical dimension (CD) control, stability, reliability, and high productivity. Furthermore, we will address the ASML roadmap for meeting the requirements for the 2 nm node and beyond.
Finite Element Based Injury Metrics for Pulmonary Contusion From Vehicle to Vehicle Crash Simulations (2012)

Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVCs) are a public health problem in the United States. In 2009, 33,808 Americans were killed in a MVC and 2.22 million more were injured.4 Pulmonary contusion (PC) is a common injury following MVC with over 38% of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ thoracic injuries identified as some form of PC in a recent National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) study.5 Miller et al. correlated the percent injured lung to the possibility of developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The results indicated that if 20% of the lung was injured, the incidence of ARDS sharply increased with seventy-eight percent of those patients developing ARDS.2 The significance of these findings is that the volumetric measurement of PC can predict possible clinical outcomes.
Perinatal Growth Hormone (GH) Physiology: Effect of GH-Releasing Factor on Maternal and Fetal Secretion of Pituitary and Placental GH* (1990)

To study regulation of the secretion of human pituitary GH (hGH) and placental GH (hPGH) in the pregnant woman and human fetus, the GH-releasing factor Sermorelin [GRF-(1-29)-NH2] was administered to pregnant women at term (n = 5), just before elective cesarean section; saline was administered in control studies (n = 5). The effects of GRF-(1-29)-NH2 administration on maternal and fetal serum concentrations of hGH and GRF-(1-29)-NH2 and maternal serum levels of hPGH were evaluated at birth. The mean time span between injection and birth was 20 min (range, 15-25 min). Cord serum hGH concentrations were similar in infants of GRF-(1-29)-NH2-injected mothers and control infants. GRF-(1-29)-NH2 elicited a consistent but small rise in maternal hGH serum concentrations (P = 0.08), whereas hPGH concentrations remained unaltered. Finally, GRF-(1-29)-NH2 concentrations were undetectable in cord serum, but readily detectable in concomitantly obtained maternal serum. In conclusion, these data suggest that hGH secretion in the pregnant woman at term is suppressed at the pituitary level, that GRF does not affect hPGH secretion, and that fetal hGH secretion is independent of circulating maternal GRF, probably because of lack of transplacental GRF passage.
Displacement of an object placed in an electric field: application to micro-assembly (2007)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
A cloned Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (1995)

Changes in the extracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]o modulate several aspects of renal function through unknown mechanism(s). cDNA encoding a Ca2+o-sensing receptor from bovine parathyroid and rat kidney that appears to mediate several of the known effects of Ca2+o on parathyroid and renal function were recently isolated. The expressed receptor activates phospholipase C, showing a pharmacologic profile very similar to that of the native receptor. Its deduced amino acid sequence identifies it as a member of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. The physiologic relevance of the receptor has been established by the demonstration that mutations in it cause three inherited diseases of calcium metabolism. Two hypercalcemic disorders, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism, result from inactivating mutations when present in the heterozygous and homozygous states, respectively. An activating mutation, in contrast, causes an autosomal dominant form of hypocalcemia. In the kidney, the receptor is expressed most abundantly in the thick ascending limb, where it likely modulates sodium chloride, calcium, and magnesium reabsorption and, perhaps, urinary concentrating ability. Studies are currently underway to determine whether it also mediates the effects of Ca2+o on other parameters of kidney function, such as RBF, glomerular filtration, renin secretion, and vitamin D metabolism. Thus, this Ca2+o-sensing receptor permits extracellular calcium ions to act not only as an intracellular second messenger but also in a "hormone-like" role as an extracellular first messenger.
Comparison of the van der Waals and Frumkin Adsorption Isotherms for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate at Various Salt Concentrations (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTComparison of the van der Waals and Frumkin Adsorption Isotherms for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate at Various Salt ConcentrationsV. L. Kolev, K. D. Danov, P. A. Kralchevsky, G. Broze, and A. MehreteabView Author Information Laboratory of Chemical Physics & Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria, Colgate-Palmolive R&D, Incorporated, Avenue du Parc Industriel, B-4041 Milmort (Herstal), Belgium, and Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-5596 Cite this: Langmuir 2002, 18, 23, 9106–9109Publication Date (Web):October 12, 2002Publication History Received24 May 2002Revised20 August 2002Published online12 October 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/la0259858Copyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2336Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (101 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Adsorption,Isotherms,Layers,Sodium dodecyl sulfate,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Nanostructured copper sulfide thin film via a spatial successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction process showing significant surface-enhanced infrared absorption of CO2 (2020)

A highly sensitive CO<sub>2</sub> sensor, comprising nanostructured copper sulfide that exhibits desired localized surface plasmon resonance, demonstrates a significant surface-enhanced infrared absorption for 100 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> with an enhancement factor of 10<sup>4</sup>.