gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Treated Effluents (2008)

The research objective was to assess dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) bioavailability in wastewater effluents from a pilot-scale nitrification plant and a laboratory-scale total nitrogen (TN) removal plant. The DON bioavailability was assessed using a 14-day bioassay protocol containing bacterial and algal inocula. Nitrogen species, dissolved organic carbon, chlorophyll a, and biomass (as total suspended solids and culturable cell counts) concentrations were measured to assess DON bioavailability. The results showed an increase in algal chlorophyll a concentration, with a concurrent increase in algal biomass over time; increased bacterial counts and a decrease in DON concentration over time; and increased carbon-to-nitrogen ratio at the end of the 14-day bioassay, indicating effluent DON bioavailability to algae and bacteria. Approximately 18 to 61% of the initial DON in low-total-nitrogen wastewater effluent (TN = 4 to 5 mg/L) sample was bioavailable. The results show that bacteria and algae uptake and release DON during their growth.
A Self-Reconfigurable Variable-Stiffness Soft Robot Based on Boundary-Constrained Modular Units (2021)

This article describes a soft robot based onboundary constrained modular subunits. The loop-shaped robot consists of a granule-filled elastic toroidal membrane with a series of modular subunit robots attached to its exterior. The robot can operate both as a soft robot to conform to external objects or navigate through narrow corridors and as a rigid robot by jamming its internal granules using a vacuum. The jammed state is useful for exerting forces on the environment in object manipulation or locomotion tasks. This article describes the robot’s design, object handling capabilities, locomotion, shape formation, and ability to navigate narrow corridors. We also present computationally efficient control methodologies used for self-reconfiguration and target tracking, which enable scaling the number of subunits to create larger systems. The robot’s scalability and the control methodologies are verified through simulation with ProjectChrono, a multibody dynamic simulation platform. All other results are obtained experimentally.
Somatic genomic landscape of over 15,000 patients with advanced-stage cancer from clinical next-generation sequencing analysis of circulating tumor DNA. (2016)

LBA11501 Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) enables non-invasive profiling of solid tumor cancers. Liquid biopsy studies to date have been limited to modest-size cohorts and case studies. Methods: Somatic genomic profiles of over 15,000 patients with advanced-stage clinical cancer were determined by a highly accurate, deep-coverage (15,000x) ctDNA NGS test targeting 70 genes (Guardant360). Frequencies of somatic ctDNA alterations per gene were compared to those previously described in tissue sequencing projects (e.g., TCGA). Accuracy of ctDNA sequencing (PPV) was assessed by comparing with matched tissue tests for 386 patients. Results: The cohort consisted of lung (37%), breast (14%), colorectal (10%) and other cancers (38%), with ctDNA clinical sensitivity of 86%, 83%, 85%, and 78%, respectively. Cancer-type-specific frequencies and mutual exclusivity patterns among major driver alterations largely recapitulated those seen in tissue sequencing studies. Mutation frequencies per codon correlated well between ctDNA and published tissue data, both for commonly altered tumor suppressors and for oncogenes (Pearson correlations: TP53, r = 0.94; KRAS, r = 0.99; PIK3CA, r = 0.99). The overall accuracy of ctDNA sequencing in comparison with matched tissue tests was 87% (336/386). The accuracy increased to 98% when blood and tumor were collected less than six months apart. Four distinct classes of clinical outcome benefits have been observed by liquid biopsy: 1) actionable mutations in cases with tissue QNS ( ALK fusion, or EGFR or BRAF activating mutations in lung; ERBB2 amp in gastric), 2) actionable resistance mutations at time of progression ( MET amp or EGFR T790M in lung), 3) evolution of sensitivity upon progression ( ERBB2-amplified metastatic breast cancer with triple negative primary), 4) under-genotyped tumors ( BRAF V600E or ERBB2indel in lung). Conclusions: Somatic alteration patterns in ctDNA samples largely agree with tissue alteration patterns, with the exception of resistance mutations. Clinical outcome benefits have been observed for patients treated based on ctDNA findings.
New Synthesis oftrans-Disubstituted Cyclam Macrocycles – Elucidation of the Disubstitution Mechanism on the Basis of X-ray Data and Molecular Modeling (1998)

A new way to synthesize trans-disubstituted cyclam tetraazamacrocycles 1 is reported. The synthesis proceeds in three steps via the tricyclic 1,4,8,11-tetraazatricyclo[9.3.1.14,8]hexadecane system 2, which can be selectively dialkylated and hydrolyzed under basic conditions to give the final product 1. An understanding of the reactivity, based on the X-ray experimental electrostatic potential and molecular modeling of the 1,4,8,11-tetraazatricyclo[9.3.1.14,8]hexadecane macrotricycle, has permitted the elucidation of a new reaction pathway leading to the trans-disubstituted cyclam.
Steam oxidation of GaAs (1996)

The steam oxidation of GaAs is characterised. In the temperature range 500 – 520°C the steam process forms a dense, smooth GaxOy film characterised by a volume contraction of 5 – 10%. The oxidation process is readily masked by SiO2, and can therefore be applied selectively to a GaAs crystal surface.
Thermal anomaly prediction in data centers (2010)

In recent years, the demand for data centers has seen tremendous growth. Simultaneously, power densities have increased resulting in greater chances of thermal anomalies - situations where the temperature at a location exceeds the safety threshold for equipment placed there. In this paper, we explore some techniques for predicting such thermal anomalies so that preemptive steps can be taken to address them. Four such techniques - a simple threshold method, a moving averages-based method, an EWMA-based method, and, a machine learning technique called naïve Bayesian classifier - are tried on three months of temperature sensor data obtained from a real data center. The initial results are encouraging and the naïve Bayes method performs better than the others, although the false positive rate needs to be improved.
EndoS and SpeB fromStreptococcus pyogenesInhibit Immunoglobulin-Mediated Opsonophagocytosis (2002)

The human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes primarily infects the upper respiratory tract and skin, but occasionally it disseminates and causes severe invasive disease with high mortality. This study revealed that the activity of extracellular EndoS, which hydrolyzes the functionally important N-linked oligosaccharides on opsonizing immunoglobulin G (IgG), contributes to increased survival of S. pyogenes in human blood ex vivo. The inability to kill the bacteria is due to reduced binding of IgG to Fc receptors and impaired classical pathway-mediated activation of complement. In addition, the activity of extracellular SpeB, which cleaves IgG into Fc and Fab fragments, also increases bacterial survival. This suggests that S. pyogenes expresses two enzymes, EndoS and SpeB, which modulate IgG by different mechanisms in order to evade the adaptive immune system.
Constrained discriminative training of N-gram language models (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel version of discriminative training for N-gram language models. Language models impose language specific constraints on the acoustic hypothesis and are crucial in discriminating between competing acoustic hypotheses. As reported in the literature, discriminative training of acoustic models has yielded significant improvements in the performance of a speech recognition system, however, discriminative training for N-gram language models (LMs) has not yielded the same impact. In this paper, we present three techniques to improve the discriminative training of LMs, namely updating the back-off probability of unseen events, normalization of the N-gram updates to ensure a probability distribution and a relative-entropy based global constraint on the N-gram probability updates. We also present a framework for discriminative adaptation of LMs to a new domain and compare it to existing linear interpolation methods. Results are reported on the Broadcast News and the MIT lecture corpora. A modest improvement of 0.2% absolute (on Broadcast News) and 0.3% absolute (on MIT lectures) was observed with discriminatively trained LMs over state-of-the-art systems.
Atmospheric turbulence effects on a monostatic and bistatic retroreflecting link (2014)

Experiments were conducted over a retro-reflecting link using both a monostatic and a bistatic laser interrogator that operated over adjacent terrestrial paths of ranges between 2 and 4km. Data communications parameters were monitored on the bistatic channel and irradiance measurements were recorded on both interrogators simultaneously. The off-axis bistatic receiver was 75mm in diameter and showed the advantage of both aperture averaging and uncorrelated irradiance components in comparison with the 28mm receiver used in the on-axis monostatic system. The normalized flux variance measured in the bistatic receiver peaked at a value close to 1 while the on-axis system saw corresponding levels of about 10 under sunlit midday conditions.
Quinazoline, Pyrazolo[1,5-c]Quinazoline and Spiro Quinazoline Dimers from the Reaction of 2-Aminoacetophenone Hydrazones with Triphosgene (2002)

The reaction of hydrazones of 2-aminoacetophenone with triphosgene in dichloromethane or benzene in the presence of triethylamine gave quinazolines, pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline and spiro quinazoline dimers. The latter compounds are being reported for the first time. In addition, a 4,4-disubstituted quinazoline derivative is prepared and its x-ray crystal structure is reported.
The Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Concentration and Heat on the Bonding to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic (2016)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentration and previous heat treatment (PHT) on the surface morphology and micro-shear bond strength (mSBS) of a lithium disilicate glass ceramic (EMX) to resin cement. One hundred four EMX specimens were randomly assigned to two groups (n=52) according to the HF concentration: 5% and 10%. A new random distribution was made according to the PHTs (n=13): control (no PHT); previously heated HF (70 °C); previously heated EMX surface (85 °C); the combination of heated HF + heated EMX surface. The etching time was set at 20 s. All EMX blocks were silanated and received a thin layer of an unfilled resin. Five resin cement cylinders were made on each EMX surface using Tygon tubes as matrices, and then stored for 24 h at 37 °C. One random etched EMX sample from each group was analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were performed using the Tukey post hoc test (a=0.05). For the control groups, 5% HF showed statistically lower mSBS values when compared to 10% HF (p<0.05). PHT increased the mSBS values for 5% HF, yielding statistically similar results to non-PHT 10% HF (p<0.05). FE-SEM images showed increased glassy matrix removal when PHT was applied to HF 5%, but not to the same degree as for 10% HF. PHT has the potential to improve the bond strength of 5% HF concentration on lithium disilicate glass ceramic.
A Genomic Signature Approach to Rescue ΔF508-Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Biosynthesis and Function (2014)

The most common cystic fibrosis (CF) mutation, ΔF508, causes protein misfolding, leading to proteosomal degradation. We recently showed that expression of miR-138 enhances CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) biogenesis and partially rescues ΔF508-CFTR function in CF airway epithelia. We hypothesized that a genomic signature approach can be used to identify new bioactive small molecules affecting ΔF508-CFTR rescue. The Connectivity Map was used to identify 27 small molecules with potential to restore ΔF508-CFTR function in airway epithelia. The molecules were screened in vitro for efficacy in improving ΔF508-CFTR trafficking, maturation, and chloride current. We identified four small molecules that partially restore ΔF508-CFTR function in primary CF airway epithelia. Of these, pyridostigmine showed cooperativity with corrector compound 18 in improving ΔF508-CFTR function. There are few CF therapies based on new molecular insights. Querying the Connectivity Map with relevant genomic signatures offers a method to identify new candidates for rescuing ΔF508-CFTR function.
The haematopoietic stem cell and its clonal progeny: mechanisms regulating the hierarchy of primitive haematopoietic cells. (1992)

Transplantation and marking studies have provided an accurate description of various aspects of developmental and proliferative behaviour of totipotent haematopoietic stem cells. In particular, the remarkable ability of different clones to contribute to all lineages in a continuous, stable and long term manner is a hallmark of stem cell behaviour. Taken together, in vivo reconstitution experiments also provide the basis for a model of stem cell regulation that incorporates stochastic and non-stochastic components. More recent approaches provide optimism that many descriptive aspects of stem cell biology will soon be supported by elucidation of molecular mechanisms.
High Glucose Induces Late Differentiation and Death of Human Oral Keratinocytes (2022)

Keratinocytes are essential cells for wound repair. Impaired oral wound healing is common in diabetic patients with periodontal disease. High glucose, or hyperglycemia, impairs the cellular function of different cell types. However, it is unknown whether high glucose has a detrimental effect on the functions of oral keratinocytes. In the current study, a human gingival keratinocyte cell line, telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGK), was treated with high glucose (24 and 48 mM) for up to 120 h. Proliferation, migration, cell viability, and production of markers of differentiation, growth factors and enzymatic antioxidants were assessed after high glucose treatment. The results showed that high glucose significantly inhibited TIGK proliferation and migration. High glucose also induced significant cell death through apoptosis and necrosis as determined by flow cytometry, especially at 120 h after high glucose treatment. Necrosis was the dominant form of cell death induced. Real-time PCR showed that high glucose treatment upregulated mRNA expression of late keratinocyte differentiation makers, such as keratin 1, 10, 13 and loricrin, and downregulated enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, nuclear factor erythroid 2 -related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1. In conclusion, high glucose impairs the proliferation and migration of oral keratinocytes and likely induces cell death through the promotion of late cell differentiation and down-regulation of enzymatic antioxidants.
Synthese und herbizide Wirksamkeit der D- und L-Enantiomeren des 2- [4-(2.4-Dichlorphenoxy)-phenoxy] -propionsäure-methylesters / Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of the D- and L-Methyl 2-[4-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy]-propionate Enantiomers (1980)

The D- and L-enantiomers of the wild oat herbicide diclofop-methyl (title compound) were prepared utilizing resolution operations and by synthetic routes with optically active compounds as starting material. The dextro-rotatory product which the D(R)-configuration can be attributed to, was found to be the herbicidally active species.
Renewable energy systems in the power electronics curriculum (2005)

Power Electronics is still an emerging technology and its applications are increasing. The primary function is to convert electrical energy from one stage to another and it is used in many different applications. The power electronics curriculum is multidisciplinary covering fields like devices, magnetics, electrical machines, power systems, analogue and digital control, materials, power converters, electronics, materials, thermal design and EMC. However, those fields may not be enough in order to give the students enough skills. It is also necessary to learn about systems and for the moment one of the most important area is renewable energy systems. This paper will discuss the basic courses for the power electronics curriculum. It will also discuss how to teach power electronic systems efficiently through a project- oriented and problem-based learning approach with Aalborg University in Denmark as a full-scale example. Different project examples will be given as well as important laboratories for adjustable speed drives and renewable energy systems which are used at the university are described.
Breakdown of albumin and haemalbumin by the cysteine protease interpain A, an albuminase of Prevotella intermedia (2015)

The data point to InpA as an efficient "albuminase" with the ability to degrade the minor fraction of haem-bound albumin in plasma. InpA may thus contribute significantly to haem acquisition by P. intermedia under conditions of low redox potential and higher pH in the inflamed gingival crevice and diseased periodontal pocket where haem availability is tightly controlled by the host.
Rare earths in phosphorites: Geochemistry and potential recovery (1966)

Rare earths are but trace constituents of marine apatite. However, as millions of tones of such apatite are dissolved annually to make phosphoric acid, an opportunity exists for greatly increasing RE output as by-product of fertilizer production. New, complete, quantitative analysis of RE in representative apatite concentrates reveal that the potential for by-product RE equals current production. The RE assemblage in marine apatite is unusual, showing depletion in cerium and relative enrichment in the heavier lanthonons, a favorable distribution for RE technology and utilization.
A standardised clinical multicentric whole brain T2* mapping protocol at 3T (2016)

International audience
Integrating perception and problem solving to predict complex object behaviours (2010)

One of the objectives of Cognitive Robotics is to construct robot systems that can be directed to achieve realworld goals by high-level directions rather than complex, low-level robot programming. Such a system must have the ability to represent, problem-solve and learn about its environment as well as communicate with other agents. In previous work, we have proposed ADAPT, a Cognitive Architecture that views perception as top-down and goaloriented and part of the problem solving process. Our approach is linked to a SOAR-based problem-solving and learning framework. In this paper, we present an architecture for the perceptive and world modelling components of ADAPT and report on experimental results using this architecture to predict complex object behaviour. A novel aspect of our approach is a 'mirror system' that ensures that the modelled background and foreground objects are synchronized with observations and task-based expectations. This is based on our prior work on comparing real and synthetic images. We show results for a moving object that collides and rebounds from its environment, hence showing that this perception-based problem solving approach has the potential to be used to predict complex object motions.
Multistatic Sensor Placement: A Tracking Approach (2006)

Sonar tracking using measurements from multistatic sensors has shown promise: there are benefits in terms of robustness, complementarity (covariance-ellipse intersection) and of course simply due to the increased probability of detection that naturally accrues from a well-designed data fusion system. It is not always clear what the placement of the sources and receivers that gives the best fused measurement covariance for any target-or at least for any target that is of interest-might be. In this paper, we investigate the problem as one of global optimization, in which the objective is to maximize the information provided to the tracker. We assume that the number of sensors is known, so that the optimization is done in a continuous space. We consider "barrier" scenario and numbers of sensors. The strong variability of target strength as a function of aspect is integral to the cost function we optimize. Doppler information is not discarded when constant frequency (Doppler-sensitive) waveforms are available. Numerical results are given, these suggesting that certain sensor geometries should be used
RENAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE SYMPOSIUM: Effective Diffusion Volume Flow Rates (Qe) for Urea, Creatinine, and Inorganic Phosphorous (Qeu, Qecr, QeiP) During Hemodialysis (2003)

In vivo solute clearances can be estimated from dialyzer blood (Qb) and dialysate (Qd) flow rates and a solute- and dialyzer-specific overall permeability membrane area product (KoA). However, these calculations require knowledge of the flow rate of the effective solute distribution volume in the flowing bloodstream (Qe) in order to calculate in vivo clearances and KoAs. We have determined Qe for urea, creatinine, and inorganic phosphorus from changes in concentrations across the blood compartment and mass balance between the blood and dialysate streams. We made four serial measurements over one dialysis in 23 patients and found that Qeu equals the total blood water flow rate, Qecr equals the plasma water flow rate plus 61% of red cell water flow rate, and QeiP is limited to the plasma water flow rate. Equations are derived to calculate Qe for each of these solutes from Qb and hematocrit and in vivo KoAs for each solute were calculated.
A Correlation Analysis with a Deterministic Hallway Angular response model (2006)

A correlation function for partially correlated waves and hallway angular response model is proposed. The deterministic hallway angular response model is used to determine incident magnitude at arbitrary angle. With that angular response, the partially correlated correlation function is investigated. Correlated and uncorrelated waves are classified with physical characteristics of incident waves. The proposed correlation function and the angular response model can provide a correlation in a specific geometry of propagation environment and electrical parameters of the environment in a hallway because the model is a function of the ratio of hallway width to Tx-Rx distance and electrical wall characteristics.
EARLY ENTRANCE COPRODUCTION PLANT (2001)

The overall objective of this project is the three-phase development of an Early Entrance Coproduction Plant (EECP) that produces at least one product from at least two of the following three categories: Electric power (or heat); Fuels; and Chemicals. The objective is to have these products produced by technologies capable of using synthesis gas derived from coal and/or some other carbonaceous feedstock, such as petroleum coke. The objective of Phase I was to determine the feasibility and define the concept for the EECP located at a specific site and to develop a Research, Development, and Testing (RD and T) Plan for implementation in Phase II. This objective has now been accomplished. A specific site, Motiva Refinery in Port Arthur, Texas, has been selected as the location best suited for the EECP. The accomplishments of Phase I are discussed in detail in this Phase I Concept Report. A RD and T Plan and a preliminary project financing plan have been developed and are submitted separately from this report.