gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide als „Schaltelemente”: Medium‐induzierte Konformationsübergänge von gezielt entworfenen Peptiden (1990)

Eine plötzliche reversible Umwandlung α‐Helix → β‐Faltblatt beim synthetischen Oligopeptid 1 wurde in Mischungen aus 45% 2,2,2‐Trifluorethanol und 55% H 2 O beobachtet. Das amphiphile 1 und zwei Isomere wurden extra für diese Untersuchungen konstruiert. Solche in mehreren Konformationen auftretende Peptide könnten als „Schaltelemente”︁ beim de‐novo‐Design künstlicher Proteine Verwendung finden.
Y chromosome specific nucleic acid probe and method for identifying the Y chromosome in SITU (2023)

A method for producing a Y chromosome specific probe selected from highly repeating sequences on that chromosome is described. There is little or no nonspecific binding to autosomal and X chromosomes, and a very large signal is provided. Inventive primers allowing the use of PCR for both sample amplification and probe production are described, as is their use in producing large DNA chromosome painting sequences.
Monolayer supported CuOx/Co3O4 as an active and selective low temperature NOx decomposition catalyst (2019)

A new NO decomposition catalyst, monolayer CuO<sub>x</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, is reported with areal activity and N<sub>2</sub> selectivity exceeding Cu-ZSM5 at 350 °C.
Preparation of 1,5-dinitrenonaphthalene in cryogenic matrices (2001)

1,5-Dinitrenonaphthalene was prepared in two cryogenic matrices by photolysis of 1,5-diazidonaphthalene; the cryogenic matrices were an argon matrix at 11 K and a glassy 2-methyltetrahydrofuran matrix at 77 K; the photolysis was analyzed by UV-VIS, FT-IR, and ESR matrix isolation spectroscopies.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Material: Bistable Metal—Cyanide Polymer of Rubidium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate (2015)

Abstract Review: 61 refs.
Taking Medium-Voltage Motor Control Centers to New Levels of Safety: A Quick and Simple Approach to Creating A Secure Work Environment (2023)

Medium-Voltage (MV) motor control centers designed around the requirements of UL 347 <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[1]</xref> have been successfully utilized in petrochemical industries for many decades. Since they continue to provide consistent control of large MV assets, they have also become key components within the intelligent control requirements of today’s complex petrochemical facilities. Through the incorporation of proven technologies employed in other safety-based products used globally, these control products can be moved beyond their traditional safety requirements specified by the current product design and testing standards. This article covers the implementation and utilization of these proven technologies that can provide additional levels of personnel safety within these traditional designs.
Progress in the Atomic Switch (2012)

The atomic switch is generally known as such nanoscale switching devices that make ON/OFF switching by the growth and shrinkage of a conduction path composed of metal atoms. Actually, the atomic switch has many more interesting functionalities depending on its structure and constituent materials. This chapter reveals that two-terminal gap-type atomic switch exhibits learning ability; namely, the conductivity of the switch can have inter-mediate values between the OFF and ON conductivities, depending on the history of input signals. More interestingly, the atomic switch show interesting characteristics similar to a synapse in neural network; such characteristics are also observed in a certain gapless-type atomic switch. On the basis of these results, the author develops the neuromorphic circuits that are made of atomic switches. Controlled Vocabulary Terms atoms; metal products; neural nets; neuromorphics; switches
Comparison of the non linear energy operator and the Hilbert transform in the estimation of the instantaneous amplitude and frequency (2007)

The instantaneous amplitude (ai) and frequency (fi) parameters of a biomedical signal can be useful for identification of signal physiological states or state changes. In this article the features ai and fi of simulated and experimental (real EEG and ECG) signals, are estimated using three methods: one based on the Hilbert Transform (HT), a modified version of this that improves the fi estimation in experimental signals (HTM), and the energy separation algorithm (DESA1), based on Teager’s energy operator (TEO). The algorithm comparison is made using the average relative error obtained in the signals’ demodulation process, their noise sensitivity, and computational efficiency. The obtained results showed that the HTM method produces the least fi estimation errors in noisy signals, and depending on the kind of signal considered, DESA1 and HTM methods produce the least ai estimation errors.
Design of 7-amino-6-chloro-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold from 5-chloro-2,4-diaminopyrimidine pharmacophore: identification of potent inhibitors of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (2012)

A series of potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors based on a 7-amino-6-chloro-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold were identified through rational design from a 5-chloro-2,4-diaminopyrimidine pharmacophore, maintaining key binding elements, favourable lipophilic interactions and orienting the side chains into favoured trajectories. Importantly, potency and selectivity determinants from the parent series were directly applicable to the new scaffold. This highly focused strategy led to the identification of several lead inhibitors that displayed potent activity in enzyme and cellular assays as well as pronounced oral bioavailability.
Proprotein convertase 7 (PCSK7) reduces apoA‐V levels (2020)

The locus of the human proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type-7 (PC7) gene (PCSK7) is on chromosome 11q23.3 close to the gene cluster APOA5/APOA4/APOC3/APOA1, a region implicated in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. A GWAS reported the association of PCSK7 SNPs with plasma triglyceride (TG), and exome sequencing of African Americans revealed the association of a low-frequency coding variant of PC7 (R504H; SNP rs142953140) with a ~ 30% TG reduction. Another PCSK7 SNP rs508487 is in linkage disequilibrium with a promoter variant of the liver-derived apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V), an indirect activator of the lipoprotein lipase (LpL), and is associated with elevated TG levels. We thus hypothesized that PC7 regulates the levels/activity of apoA-V. Studies in the human hepatic cell line HuH7 revealed that wild-type (WT) PC7 and its endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retained forms bind to and enhance the degradation of human apoA-V in acidic lysosomes in a nonenzymatic fashion. PC7-induced degradation of apoA-V is inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and the alkalinizing agents: chloroquine and NH<sub>4</sub> Cl. Thus, the PC7-induced apoA-V degradation implicates an ER-lysosomal communication inhibited by bafilomycin A1. In vitro, the natural R504H mutant enhances PC7 Ser<sup>505</sup> phosphorylation at the structurally exposed Ser-X-Glu<sup>507</sup> motif recognized by the secretory kinase Fam20C. Co-expression of the phosphomimetic PC7-S505E with apoA-V resulted in lower degradation compared to WT, suggesting that Ser<sup>505</sup> phosphorylation of PC7 lowers TG levels via reduced apoA-V degradation. In agreement, in Pcsk7<sup>-/-</sup> mice fed high-fat diet, plasma apoA-V levels and adipocyte LpL activity are increased, providing an in vivo mechanistic link for a role of liver PC7 in enhanced TG storage in adipocytes.
Conditional Knockout of CTGF Affects Corneal Wound Healing (2014)

Connective tissue growth factor is expressed in the naïve cornea, lens, iris, and retina, and is expressed immediately after epithelial injury. Loss of CTGF impairs efficient re-epithelialization of corneal wounds.
Ultrafast imaging of beamformed shear waves induced by the acoustic radiation force. Application to transient elastography (2002)

Several tissue characterization techniques based on acoustic radiation force have been proposed to remotely excite soft tissues with ultrasound. Recently, in transient elastography, an ultrafast echographic device was developed to follow the propagation inside soft tissues of very low frequency shear waves (/spl sim/100 Hz). These waves were generated using a vibrating system located at the body surface. In this paper, it is proposed to couple transient elastography and remote excitation techniques by replacing the usual external vibrating system by the use of the ultrasonic radiation force. In our experiments, the same probe allows both to generate and detect shear waves propagation by using an unusual emission-reception sequence. Our fully programmable electronics allow to induce and image, as desired, several shear sources at different times and locations in order to compute a real "shear wave beamforming" and optimize the shear source shape to the studied medium. An elasticity image of the whole medium can be recovered using only a few pushing beams (1 to 5). Measurements have been performed in several soft tissue mimicking phantom. Green's function based simulations have been used to support our experimental results.
LED: Latent Variable-based Estimation of Density (2022)

Modern generative models are roughly divided into two main categories: (1) models that can produce high-quality random samples, but cannot estimate the exact density of new data points and (2) those that provide exact density estimation, at the expense of sample quality and compactness of the latent space. In this work we propose LED, a new generative model closely related to GANs, that allows not only efficient sampling but also efficient density estimation. By maximizing log-likelihood on the output of the discriminator, we arrive at an alternative adversarial optimization objective that encourages generated data diversity. This formulation provides insights into the relationships between several popular generative models. Additionally, we construct a flow-based generator that can compute exact probabilities for generated samples, while allowing low-dimensional latent variables as input. Our experimental results, on various datasets, show that our density estimator produces accurate estimates, while retaining good quality in the generated samples.
Semantic Shortcomings of Database Management Systems Based on a Relational Model (1988)

http://archive.org/details/semanticshortcom1094523113
N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide is a prognostic marker for response to intensive chemotherapy, early death, and overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia (2023)

Patient-related factors are of prognostic importance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Likewise, cardiac disorders may limit the tolerance of intensive therapy. Little is known about the prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). We analyzed NT-proBNP levels at diagnosis in 312 AML patients (median age: 61 years; range 17-89 years) treated with 3 + 7-based induction-chemotherapy and consolidation with up to four cycles of intermediate or high-dose ARA-C. NT-proBNP levels were elevated in 199 patients (63.8%), normal (0-125 pg/ml) in 113 (36.2%), and highly elevated (>2000 pg/ml) in 20 patients (6.4%). Median NT-proBNP levels differed significantly among patients with complete remission (153.3 pg/ml), no remission (225.9 pg/ml), or early death (735.5 pg/ml) (p = .002). In multivariate analysis, NT-proBNP, age, and the 2009 European LeukemiaNet (ELN-2009) classification were independent predictors of outcome after induction chemotherapy. Overall survival (OS) differed significantly between patients with normal, moderately elevated, and highly elevated NT-proBNP (p < .001). These differences were observed in all patients and in patients <60 years but not in those ≥60 years. In multivariate analysis, NT-proBNP, age, and ELN-2009 remained independent prognostic variables for OS (p < .01). Together, NT-proBNP is an independent prognostic factor indicating the risk of induction failure, early death, and reduced OS in patients with AML.
Energy dissipation in general purpose microprocessors (1996)

In this paper we investigate possible ways to improve the energy efficiency of a general purpose microprocessor. We show that the energy of a processor depends on its performance, so we chose the energy-delay product to compare different processors. To improve the energy-delay product we explore methods of reducing energy consumption that do not lead to performance loss (i.e. wasted energy), and explore methods to reduce delay by exploiting instruction level parallelism. We found that careful design reduced the energy dissipation by almost 25%. Pipelining can give approximately a 2/spl times/ improvement in energy-delay product. Superscalar issue, however, does not improve the energy-delay product any further since the overhead required offsets the gains in performance. Further improvements will be hard to come by since a large fraction of the energy (50-80%) is dissipated in the clock network and the on-chip memories. Thus, the efficiency of processors will depend more on the technology being used and the algorithm chosen by the programmer than the micro-architecture.
Development and use of a switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) transformation pipeline by the BioEnergy Science Center to evaluate plants for reduced cell wall recalcitrance (2017)

A TP to produce plants with decreased recalcitrance and a LIMS for data compilation from these plants were created. While many genes accepted into the TP resulted in transgenic switchgrass without modified lignin or biomass content, a group of genes with potential to improve lignocellulosic biofuel yields was identified. Results from transgenic lines targeting xyloglucan and lignin structure provide examples of the types of information available on switchgrass lines produced within BESC. This report supplies useful information when developing coordinated, large-scale, multi-institutional reverse genetic pipelines to improve crop traits.
Degradation of Vascular Endothelial Thrombomodulin by Arginine‐ and Lysine‐Specific Cysteine Proteases From Porphyromonas gingivalis (2009)

P. gingivalis gingipains induced the degradation and inactivation of endothelial TM, which may promote vascular coagulation and inflammation. In addition, in vivo relevance was demonstrated by reduced expression of TM in gingival microvascular endothelia in patients with periodontitis, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
IL-6–GP130 signaling protects human hepatocytes against lipid droplet accumulation in humanized liver models (2023)

Liver steatosis is an increasing health issue with few therapeutic options, partly because of a paucity of experimental models. In humanized liver rodent models, abnormal lipid accumulation in transplanted human hepatocytes occurs spontaneously. Here, we demonstrate that this abnormality is associated with compromised interleukin-6 (IL-6)-glycoprotein 130 (GP130) signaling in human hepatocytes because of incompatibility between host rodent IL-6 and human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) on donor hepatocytes. Restoration of hepatic IL-6-GP130 signaling, through ectopic expression of rodent IL-6R, constitutive activation of GP130 in human hepatocytes, or humanization of an <i>Il6</i> allele in recipient mice, substantially reduced hepatosteatosis. Notably, providing human Kupffer cells via hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in humanized liver mice also corrected the abnormality. Our observations suggest an important role of IL-6-GP130 pathway in regulating lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and not only provide a method to improve humanized liver models but also suggest therapeutic potential for manipulating GP130 signaling in human liver steatosis.
Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Phosphorylation. 1. Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationship, and Biological Effects of a New Class of Quinazoline Derivatives (2002)

A new series of 4-[4-(N-substituted carbamoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline derivatives were found to show potent and selective inhibition of platelet-dervied growth factor (PDGF) receptor phosphorylation. In this exploration of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the prototype inhibitor KN1022, the 4-nitrophenylurea moiety was probed. We found that 4-substitution on the phenyl ring was optimal and the introduction of more than two substituents on the phenyl ring decreased activities. Bulky substituents on the phenyl ring enhanced activities. Thiourea analogues were also prepared, and the SARs were found to be slightly different from those of the urea derivatives. Through this research, we obtained some potent KN1022 derivatives such as 4-(4-methylphenoxy)phenyl (36, IC(50) 0.02 micromol/L), 4-tert-butylphenyl (16, IC(50) 0.03 micromol/L), and 4-phenoxyphenyl (21, IC(50) 0.08 micromol/L) analogues, which had almost a 10-fold increase in activity against KN1022. These potent compounds retained their high selectivity against the PDGF receptor family similar to KN1022. We also observed that these compounds could inhibit the PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells without cell toxicity almost at the same IC(50) values observed for PDGF receptor phosphorylation. To evaluate the biological effects in vivo, we selected some analogues on the basis of the measurement of the plasma drug concentration after oral administration to rats. Oral administration of the 4-chlorophenyl (6), 4-bromophenyl (9), or 4-isopropoxyphenyl (20) analogue to Sprague-Dawley rats (30 mg/kg, twice daily) resulted in significant inhibition (24-38%) of neointima formation in the carotid artery of the balloon catheter deendothelialized vessel in the rats. Therefore, 4-[4-(N-substituted carbamoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline derivatives, which are potent inhibitors of PDGFR phosphorylation, may be expected to represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of various aspects of atherosclerosis and other cellular proliferative disorders.
SparseCT: interrupted-beam acquisition and sparse reconstruction for radiation dose reduction (2017)

State-of-the-art low-dose CT methods reduce the x-ray tube current and use iterative reconstruction methods to denoise the resulting images. However, due to compromises between denoising and image quality, only moderate dose reductions up to 30-40% are accepted in clinical practice. An alternative approach is to reduce the number of x-ray projections and use compressed sensing to reconstruct the full-tube-current undersampled data. This idea was recognized in the early days of compressed sensing and proposals for CT dose reduction appeared soon afterwards. However, no practical means of undersampling has yet been demonstrated in the challenging environment of a rapidly rotating CT gantry. In this work, we propose a moving multislit collimator as a practical incoherent undersampling scheme for compressed sensing CT and evaluate its application for radiation dose reduction. The proposed collimator is composed of narrow slits and moves linearly along the slice dimension (z), to interrupt the incident beam in different slices for each x-ray tube angle (&theta;). The reduced projection dataset is then reconstructed using a sparse approach, where 3D image gradients are employed to enforce sparsity. The effects of the collimator slits on the beam profile were measured and represented as a continuous slice profile. SparseCT was tested using retrospective undersampling and compared against commercial current-reduction techniques on phantoms and in vivo studies. Initial results suggest that SparseCT may enable higher performance than current-reduction, particularly for high dose reduction factors.
Advances in Contemporary Nanosphere Lithographic Techniques (2006)

Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is an inexpensive, high throughput, materials general nanofabrication technique capable of producing a large variety of nanoscale structures including well-ordered 2 dimensional nanoparticle arrays. In this review, we will summarize the most recent advances in the fabrication of size-tunable nanoparticles using NSL. Four examples of new NSL-derived materials will be described: (1) The development of a method to release NSL nanoparticles from the substrate for applications in solution environments, (2) the fabrication of triangular nanoholes with reactive ion etching, (3) the electrochemical fine tuning of the structure of a silver nanoparticle and the wavelength of its localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and (4) the growth of ultra thin protective dielectric layers on NSL-fabricated Ag nanotriangles using atomic layer deposition (ALD).
Quantitative Measurement of Major Secoiridoid Derivatives in Olive Oil Using qNMR. Proof of the Artificial Formation of Aldehydic Oleuropein and Ligstroside Aglycon Isomers (2014)

A previously developed method for measurement of oleocanthal and oleacein in olive oil by quantitative (1)H NMR was expanded to include the measurement of the monoaldehydic forms of oleuropein and ligstroside aglycons. The method was validated and applied to the study of 340 monovarietal Greek and Californian olive oils from 23 varieties and for a 3-year period. A wide variation concerning the concentrations of all four secoiridoids was recorded. The concentration of each one ranged from nondetectable to 711 mg/kg and the sum of the four major secoiridoids (named as D3) ranged from nondetectable to 1534 mg/kg. Examination of the NMR profile of the olive oil extract before and after contact with normal or reversed stationary chromatography phase proved the artificial formation of the 5S,8S,9S aldehydic forms of oleuropein and ligstroside aglycon isomers during chromatography. Finally, methyl elenolate was identified for the first time as a minor constituent of olive oil.
Importance of Mitral Valve Second-Order Chordae for Left Ventricular Geometry, Wall Thickening Mechanics, and Global Systolic Function (2004)

Cutting second-order chords altered LV geometry, remodeled the myocardium between the PMs, perturbed local systolic strain patterns affecting micro-torsion and wall-thickening, and caused global systolic dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of these chordae for LV structure and function.
Enzymes in DNA Metabolism (1969)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Preliminary Design of a Municipal Solid Waste Biorefinery for Environmentally Friendly NH3Production (2018)

A massive quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) is generated yearly worldwide. The treatment and final disposal of this waste are both financially and environmentally expensive. Also environmentally aggressive, the NH3 production process releases great amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere. However, this process is essential for the global economy. In this work, the economic performance of a plant, which combines MSW gasification with the ammonia production process, was studied. The results showed that the project has a low rate of return (0–4%). However, municipalities, which spend billions yearly on MSW treatment, could already benefit from it. The gasifier is the most expensive equipment in the process (approximately 55% of the total installed cost). Refrigeration and electricity are both a burden for the operating cost, accounting for almost 70% of it. Further reduction in the gasifier price and an improved energetic integration could boost the economic performance.
Even and odd oligothiophene-bridged bis-naphthalimides for n-type and ambipolar organic field effect transistors (2017)

Which effect directs supramolecular packing? π–π stabilizing interactions between two NDI units or dipole–dipole couplings?