gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality of Service - IWQoS 2003: 11th International Workshop, Berkeley, CA, USA, June 2-4, 2003, Proceedings (2003)

Analysis and Modeling.- Network Characteristics: Modelling, Measurements, and Admission Control.- Statistical Characterization for Per-hop QoS.- Performance Analysis of Server Sharing Collectives for Content Distribution.- An Approximation of the End-to-End Delay Distribution.- Resource Allocation and Admission Control.- Price-Based Resource Allocation in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks.- On Achieving Fairness in the Joint Allocation of Processing and Bandwidth Resources.- Distributed Admission Control for Heterogeneous Multicast with Bandwidth Guarantees.- Multimedia & Incentives.- Subjective Impression of Variations in Layer Encoded Videos.- A Moving Average Predictor for Playout Delay Control in VoIP.- To Play or to Control: A Game-Based Control-Theoretic Approach to Peer-to-Peer Incentive Engineering.- Dependability and Fault Tolerance.- Improving Dependability of Real-Time Communication with Preplanned Backup Routes and Spare Resource Pool.- Fault Tolerance in Networks with an Advance Reservation Service.- Routing.- Routing and Grooming in Two-Tier Survivable Optical Mesh Networks.- Fast Network Re-optimization Schemes for MPLS and Optical Networks.- HMP: Hotspot Mitigation Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Networks.- Availability and Dependability.- Failure Insensitive Routing for Ensuring Service Availability.- Network Availability Based Service Differentiation.- Quality of Availability: Replica Placement for Widely Distributed Systems.- Web Services.- Using Latency Quantiles to Engineer QoS Guarantees for Web Services.- DotQoS - A QoS Extension for .NET Remoting.- Dynamic Resource Allocation for Shared Data Centers Using Online Measurements.- Rate-Based QoS.- Providing Deterministic End-to-End Fairness Guarantees in Core-Stateless Networks.- Per-domain Packet Scale Rate Guarantee for Expedited Forwarding.- On Achieving Weighted Service Differentiation: An End-to-End Perspective.- Storage.- Online Response Time Optimization of Apache Web Server.- A Practical Learning-Based Approach for Dynamic Storage Bandwidth Allocation.- CacheCOW: QoS for Storage System Caches.
Separation and structural elucidation of coal molecule fragments. Progress report, February 1, 1977--January 31, 1978. [PAHs; aliphatics] (1977)

This report outlines progress on the separation and identification of compounds from the aliphatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions of solvent refined coal. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used. 146 peaks were identified in the PAH fraction, 33 in the aliphatic fraction. (DLC)
180 Screening the carbon footprint of intensive Korean dairy cattle farms: Transition towards low emissions’ production system (2020)

Abstract In the context of global climate change, carbon footprint (CF) becomes an important sustainability indicator for dairy production systems. To mitigation the CF of the dairy sector, insight into greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from individual farms is required. The objective of this study was to determine the primary contributors to GHG emissions at the farm-gate level, expressed as a carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq), to produce one kg of fat-and protein corrected milk (FPCM). Primary data about farms’ management and feeding practices were collected from twelve dairy farms that belong to Gyeonggi-do province, which represent the most important region for milk production in South Korea. Allocation of GHG emissions between meat and milk was assessed as a physical allocation, 98% allocated to milk and 2% to meat (surplus of calves and culled cows). The CF of the evaluated farms averaged to 0.61 CO2-eq/kg of FPCM and ranged from 0.49 to 0.78 CO2-eq/kg of FPCM. Results indicated that the largest source of GHG comes mostly from enteric fermentation (83%), followed by manure management (6%), manure and fertilizer land application (8%) and energy consumption (3%). By type of gas emitted, methane accounted for 86% of total emissions, originating from enteric fermentation and manure management. Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide accounted for 11.6 % and 2.8% of total GHG emissions, respectively. Lactating cows contributed by 70% of total GHG emissions, whereas dry cows, heifers and calves contributed by 5, 22 and 3%, respectively. Differences in GHG emissions from the evaluated farms could be explained by differences in feed quality and management practices through manure and fertilizers application on cropland. This study contributes to identify the main sources of GHG production in dairy farms, which can help to define mitigation strategies towards the transition to neutral carbon emissions of the dairy sector.
Decentralized power control with two-way training for multiple access (2008)

In this work, we analyze the diversity-multiplexing performance of a MIMO multiple access wireless system with non-cooperating transmitters. Each of the transmitters and receiver use noisy and mismatched versions of the channel estimate to implement decentralized power control. While accounting for the resources consumed in training, we show that with relatively simple power control, regardless of the number of transmitters, we can achieve double the maximum diversity order of a system with no instantaneous channel state information at the transmitters. Intuitively, the gain can be attributed to using temporal degrees of freedom enabled by power control without coding over multiple coherence intervals.
In Vitro Production of Infectious Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus by Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes (1989)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from a wild-caught woodchuck (WC192) chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) carried low levels of nonreplicating WHV genomes. In a previous study, these WHV genomes were induced to replicate and intact WHV particles were released when these PBLs were cultured in the presence of the generalized mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To determine whether the culture-derived WHV particles were infectious, adult woodchucks were inoculated with cell-free culture medium from either LPS-stimulated or unstimulated WC192 PBLs. None of three animals inoculated with medium from the unstimulated PBL cultures developed positive WHV serologic markers or elevated liver enzyme levels during a 42-w observation period. In contrast, all three animals that received medium from the LPS-stimulated cultures displayed serologic markers of acute WHV infections 8-10 w after inoculation at up to a 100-fold dilution of the original culture medium. One of the three infected animals developed an acute hepatitis coincident with the appearance of the WHV markers. These results demonstrate that the WHV particles released from LPS-stimulated WC192 PBLs in culture are mature, infectious virions that also cause liver disease. Thus the LPS-induced replication of WHV in these cell cultures represents a transition from a latent to productive viral infection.
Trap-Free Transport in Ordered and Disordered TiO2 Nanostructures (2014)

Understanding the influence of different film structures on electron diffusion in nanoporous metal oxide films has been challenging. Because of the rate-limiting role that traps play in controlling the transport properties, the structural effects of different film architectures are largely obscured or reduced. We describe a general approach to probe the impact of structural order and disorder on the charge-carrier dynamics without the interference of transport-limiting traps. As an illustration of this approach, we explore the consequences of trap-free diffusion in vertically aligned nanotube structures and random nanoparticle networks in sensitized titanium dioxide solar cells. Values of the electron diffusion coefficients in the nanotubes approached those observed for the single crystal and were up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than those measured for nanoparticle films with various average crystallites sizes. Transport measurements together with modeling show that electron scattering at grain boundaries in particle networks limits trap-free diffusion. In presence of traps, transport was 10(3)-10(5) times slower in nanoparticle films than in the single crystal. Understanding the link between structure and carrier dynamics is important for systematically altering and eventually controlling the electronic properties of nanoscaled materials.
Nitrogen Front Evolution in Purged Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell with Dead-Ended Anode (2010)

In this paper, we model and experimentally verify the evolution of liquid water and nitrogen fronts along the length of the anode channel in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating with a dead-ended anode that is fed by dry hydrogen. The accumulation of inert nitrogen and liquid water in the anode causes a voltage drop, which is recoverable by purging the anode. Experiments were designed to clarify the effect of blanketing, water plugging of the channels, and flooding of the gas diffusion layer. The observation of each phenomenon is facilitated by simultaneous gas chromatography measurements on samples extracted from the anode channel to measure the nitrogen content and neutron imaging to measure the liquid water distribution. A model of the accumulation is presented, which describes the dynamic evolution of a blanketing front in the anode channel leading to the development of a hydrogen starved region. The prediction of the voltage drop between purge cycles during nonwater plugging channel conditions is shown. The model is capable of describing both the two-sloped behavior of the voltage decay and the time at which the steeper slope begins by capturing the effect of concentration loss and the area of the starved region along the anode channel.
Detecting the skewness of data from the five-number summary and its application in meta-analysis (2020)

For clinical studies with continuous outcomes, when the data are potentially skewed, researchers may choose to report the whole or part of the five-number summary (the sample median, the first and third quartiles, and the minimum and maximum values) rather than the sample mean and standard deviation. In the recent literature, it is often suggested to transform the five-number summary back to the sample mean and standard deviation, which can be subsequently used in a meta-analysis. However, if a study contains skewed data, this transformation and hence the conclusions from the meta-analysis are unreliable. Therefore, we introduce a novel method for detecting the skewness of data using only the five-number summary and the sample size, and meanwhile propose a new flow chart to handle the skewed studies in a different manner. We further show by simulations that our skewness tests are able to control the type I error rates and provide good statistical power, followed by a simulated meta-analysis and a real data example that illustrate the usefulness of our new method in meta-analysis and evidence-based medicine.
Millimeter wave imaging system for the detection of nonmetallic objects (2006)

With over 110 million landmines buried throughout the world, the ability to detect and identify objects beneath the soil is crucial. The increased use of plastic landmines requires the detection technology to be able to locate both metallic and non-metallic targets. A novel active mmW scanning imaging system was developed for this purpose. It is a hyperspectral system that collects images at different mmW frequencies from 90-140 GHz using a vector network analyzer collecting backscattering mmW radiation from the buried sample. A multivariate statistical method, Principal Components Analysis, is applied to extract useful information from these images. This method is applied to images of different objects and experimental conditions.
Novel Growth Factor as Prognostic Marker for Estrogen-Independence in Breast Cancer (2003)

Abstract : The goal of this study was to examine the expression in human breast cancer biopsies of a novel growth factor, called PC-cell derived growth factor (PCDGF) characterized in our laboratory, and examine correlation of PCDGF expression with clinical parameters and with known prognosis markers of breast cancer. Previous biological studies with human breast cancer cell lines have indicated the role of PCDGF in the tumorigenicity of breast carcinoma and identified it as a molecular target of estrogen-independence and tamoxifen resistance. Here, wave conducted a study with 206 paraffin embedded human breast cancer biopsies and measured PCDGF expression by immunohistochemistry using an anti-PCDGF developed in our laboratory. We show that PCDGF is not expressed in normal epithelium and in benign tumors. PCDGF was preferentially expressed in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma where its expression correlated with tumor grade. PCDGF expression significantly correlated with steroid receptor status, high proliferation index (Ki-67) and p53 expression. In contrast PCDGF expression was independent of erbB2 expression. These studies have provided novel information on the expression of a novel autocrine growth factor in human breast cancer biopsies. Future studies are proposed to examine the correlation of PCDGF expression with response to therapy in advanced breast carcinoma.
Functions of the C-terminal domain of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase. Effects of C-terminal deletions on enzyme activity, intracellular localization and phosphorylation potential (1995)

The role of the C-terminal domain of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) was explored by the creation of a series of deletion mutations in rat liver cDNA, which were expressed in COS cells as a major protein component. Deletion of up to 55 amino acids from the C-terminus had no effect on the activity of the enzyme, its stimulation by lipid vesicles or on its intracellular distribution between soluble and membrane-bound forms. However, deletion of the C-terminal 139 amino acids resulted in a 90% decrease in activity, loss of response to lipid vesicles and a significant decrease in the fraction of membrane-bound enzyme. Identification of the domain that is phosphorylated in vivo was determined by analysis of 32P-labelled CT mutants and by chymotrypsin proteolysis of purified CT that was 32P-labelled in vivo. Phosphorylation was restricted to the C-terminal 52 amino acids (domain P) and occurred on multiple sites. CT phosphorylation in vitro was catalysed by casein kinase II, cell division control 2 kinase (cdc2 kinase), protein kinases C alpha and beta II, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), but not by mitogen-activated kinase (MAP kinase). Casein kinase II phosphorylation was directed exclusively to Ser-362. The sites phosphorylated by cdc2 kinase and GSK-3 were restricted to several serines within three proline-rich motifs of domain P. Sites phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C, on the other hand, were distributed over the N-terminal catalytic as well as the C-terminal regulatory domain. The stoichiometry of phosphorylation catalysed by any of these kinases was less than 0.2 mol P/mol CT, and no effects on enzyme activity were detected. This study supports a tripartite structure for CT with an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain comprised of a membrane-binding domain (domain M) and a phosphorylation domain (domain P). It also identifies three kinases as potential regulators in vivo of CT, casein kinase II, cyclin-dependent kinase and GSK-3.
Thermally activated reversible threshold shifts in YBa2Cu3O7−δ/ yttria-stabilized zirconia/Si capacitors (1992)

YBa2Cu3O7−δ /yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/silicon superconductor–insulator–semiconductor capacitors are characterized with capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements at different gate-voltage sweep rates and under bias-temperature cycling. It is shown that ionic conduction in YSZ causes both hysteresis and stretch-out in room-temperature C-V curves. A thermally activated process with an activation energy of about 39 meV in YSZ and/or at YSZ/Si interface is attributed to trapping/detrapping mechanisms in the SiOx interfacial layer between YSZ and Si. The negative mobile ions in YSZ can be moved by an applied electric field at room temperature and then ‘‘frozen’’ with decreasing temperature, giving rise to adjustable threshold voltages at low temperatures.
Radiofrequency Perforation System for In Vivo Antegrade Fenestration of Aortic Stent-Grafts (2010)

This radiofrequency device allowed successful fenestration but was difficult to control. Technical improvements are required to improve clinical success and patency.
Large-Scale Synthesis of the Anti-Cancer Marine Natural Product (+)-Discodermolide. Part 1:  Synthetic Strategy and Preparation of a Common Precursor (2003)

The synthetic strategy for producing multigram quantities of (+)-discodermolide (1) using a hybridized Novartis−Smith−Paterson synthetic route via common precursor 3 is described. In the first part of this five-part series, we present a multikilogram preparation of α-methyl aldehyde 10 from Roche ester, its syn-aldol reaction with Evans boron enolate, removal of the chiral auxiliary, and the preparation of Weinreb amide 3 (Smith common precursor). The common precursor was produced without any chromatography.
A fully integrated telemonitoring system for diagnosing in-stent restenosis (2014)

This paper presents a fully integrated monitoring system for diagnosing restenosis in coronary-artery stents. Power is transferred wirelessly to the 0.13-μm CMOS monitoring circuit that is embedded on the stent and reads and transmits the sensory data from the pressure sensors which are also embedded on the stent. An auxiliary circuit is introduced to facilitate the alignment of the external reader with the stent. The alignment circuit starts operating from a rectified supply of 500 mV drawing 8.3 μA from the harvested supply voltage. The main transmitter which sends the sensory data operates from a rectified supply voltage of 880 mV while drawing ≈178 μA. The monitoring system provides a sensitivity of 555 kHz/fF. In-vitro measurement results confirm the performance of the system.
Rapid Cycling Genomic Selection in a Multiparental Tropical Maize Population (2017)

Genomic selection (GS) increases genetic gain by reducing the length of the selection cycle, as has been exemplified in maize using rapid cycling recombination of biparental populations. However, no results of GS applied to maize multi-parental populations have been reported so far. This study is the first to show realized genetic gains of rapid cycling genomic selection (RCGS) for four recombination cycles in a multi-parental tropical maize population. Eighteen elite tropical maize lines were intercrossed twice, and self-pollinated once, to form the cycle 0 (C<sub>0</sub>) training population. A total of 1000 ear-to-row C<sub>0</sub> families was genotyped with 955,690 genotyping-by-sequencing SNP markers; their testcrosses were phenotyped at four optimal locations in Mexico to form the training population. Individuals from families with the best plant types, maturity, and grain yield were selected and intermated to form RCGS cycle 1 (C<sub>1</sub>). Predictions of the genotyped individuals forming cycle C<sub>1</sub> were made, and the best predicted grain yielders were selected as parents of C<sub>2</sub>; this was repeated for more cycles (C<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>, and C<sub>4</sub>), thereby achieving two cycles per year. Multi-environment trials of individuals from populations C<sub>0,</sub> C<sub>1</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>, and C<sub>4</sub>, together with four benchmark checks were evaluated at two locations in Mexico. Results indicated that realized grain yield from C<sub>1</sub> to C<sub>4</sub> reached 0.225 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> per cycle, which is equivalent to 0.100 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> over a 4.5-yr breeding period from the initial cross to the last cycle. Compared with the original 18 parents used to form cycle 0 (C<sub>0</sub>), genetic diversity narrowed only slightly during the last GS cycles (C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub>). Results indicate that, in tropical maize multi-parental breeding populations, RCGS can be an effective breeding strategy for simultaneously conserving genetic diversity and achieving high genetic gains in a short period of time.
Antitumor activity of motesanib alone and in combination with cisplatin or docetaxel in multiple human non–small-cell lung cancer xenograft models (2012)

These data demonstrate that motesanib had antitumor activity against five different human NSCLC xenograft models containing diverse genetic mutations, and that it had enhanced activity when combined with cisplatin or docetaxel. These effects appeared to be mediated primarily by antiangiogenic mechanisms.
Distributed fiber optic pressure/seismic sensor for low-cost monitoring of long perimeters (2003)

The use of an optical fiber as a distributed sensor for detecting, locating, and (with suitable signal processing) classifying intruders is proposed. Phase changes resulting from either the pressure of the intruder on the ground immediately above the buried fiber or from seismic disturbances in the vicinity are sensed by a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (&#934;-OTDR). Light pulses from a cw laser with a narrow (kHz range) instantaneous linewidth and low (MHz/min range) frequency drift are injected into one end of the single mode fiber, and the backscattered light is monitored with a photodetector. Results of analyses and experimental studies to establish the feasibility of the concept are described. Simulations predict a range of 10 km with 35 m range resolution and 30 km with 90 m range resolution. Experiments indicate adequate (several &#960;-rad) phase changes are produced by intruders on foot for burial depths in the 20 - 40 cm range in sand and in clay soils. A phase perturbation in a fiber has been detected and located in a laboratory demonstration of the Phi-OTDR using an Er:fiber laser as the light source. This technology could in a cost-effective manner provide enhanced perimeter security for nuclear power plants, electrical power distribution centers, storage facilities for fuel and volatile chemicals, communication hubs, airports, government offices, military bases, embassies, and national borders.
Off-Colony Screening of Biosynthetic Libraries by Rapid Laser-Enabled Mass Spectrometry (2019)

By leveraging advances in DNA synthesis and molecular cloning techniques, synthetic biology increasingly makes use of large construct libraries to explore large design spaces. For biosynthetic pathway engineering, the ability to screen these libraries for a variety of metabolites of interest is essential. If the metabolite of interest or the metabolic phenotype is not easily measurable, screening soon becomes a major bottleneck involving time-consuming culturing, sample preparation, and extraction. To address this, we demonstrate the use of automated laser-assisted rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (LA-REIMS)-a form of ambient laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry-to perform rapid mass spectrometry analysis direct from agar plate yeast colonies without sample preparation or extraction. We use LA-REIMS to assess production levels of violacein and betulinic acid directly from yeast colonies at a rate of 6 colonies per minute. We then demonstrate the throughput enabled by LA-REIMS by screening over 450 yeast colonies within <4 h, while simultaneously generating recoverable glycerol stocks of each colony in real time. This showcases LA-REIMS as a prescreening tool to complement downstream quantification methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS). By prescreening several hundred colonies with LA-REIMS, we successfully isolate and verify a strain with a 2.5-fold improvement in betulinic acid production. Finally, we show that LA-REIMS can detect 20 out of a panel of 27 diverse biological molecules, demonstrating the broad applicability of LA-REIMS to metabolite detection. The rapid and automated nature of LA-REIMS makes this a valuable new technology to complement existing screening technologies currently employed in academic and industrial workflows.