gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient water purification made possible by Yale engineers (2009)

In the US, researchers based at Yale University are developing an energy-efficient system for water purification. Using a new twist on old technology, the engineers are employing ‘forward osmosis’, which exploits the natural diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.
Self-Sealing Complex Oxide Resonators (2022)

Although 2D materials hold great potential for next-generation pressure sensors, recent studies revealed that gases permeate along the membrane-surface interface, necessitating additional sealing procedures. In this work, we demonstrate the use of free-standing complex oxides as self-sealing membranes that allow the reference cavity beneath to be sealed by a simple anneal. To test the hermeticity, we study the gas permeation time constants in nanomechanical resonators made from SrRuO<sub>3</sub> and SrTiO<sub>3</sub> membranes suspended over SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si cavities which show an improvement up to 4 orders of magnitude in the permeation time constant after annealing the devices. Similar devices fabricated on Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Si do not show such improvements, suggesting that the adhesion increase over SiO<sub>2</sub> is mediated by oxygen bonds that are formed at the SiO<sub>2</sub>/complex oxide interface during the self-sealing anneal. Picosecond ultrasonics measurements confirm the improvement in the adhesion by 70% after annealing.
Charge Transport and Optical Properties of MOCVD‐Derived Highly Transparent and Conductive Mg‐ and Sn‐Doped In2O3 Thin Films. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solution and Solid State Interactions of C60 with Substituted Anilines (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolution and Solid State Interactions of C60 with Substituted AnilinesScott P. Sibley, Robert L. Campbell, and Herbert B. SilberCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 15, 5274–5276Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100015a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100015a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
1-[3-(Diphenylphosphino)-propanoyl]-2,5-pyrrolidindione (2017)

[170278-50-9] C19H18NO4P (MW 355.32) InChI = 1S/C19H18NO4P/c21-17-11-12-18(22)20(17)24-19(23)13-14-25(15-7-3-1-4-8-15)16-9-5-2-6-10-16/h1-10H,11-14H2 InChIKey = QRRPSWGREIRROT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent for the conversion of azides into the corresponding diazo compounds1) Alternate Name: N-succinimidyl 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionate (DPPS). Physical Data: mp 104–108 °C. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: >98% (HPLC). Preparative Method: prepared by the coupling of 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid and N-hydroxysuccinimide with DCC or DIC.1-3 Purification: purified over silica gel flash column chromatography eluting with 30% EtOAc in hexanes.
The biochemistry of living tissues: Examination by MRS (1992)

MRS defines the molecular state of water, the chemical environment of cells and tissues and the qualitative and quantitative state of intermediary metabolism. Because cancer has disordered physiology, obvious differences in MR spectra can be observed. However, the detailed understanding of the biochemistry of cancer will also emerge from careful, quantitative multinuclear MR. The intermediary metabolism of ATP, the Krebs cycle, creatine, cholines and lipids, is discussed. Finally, the biochemical challenge posed by oncogenes may be amenable to MR analyses.
Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Unprotected Halo-7- azaindoles (2010)

Simple and efficient procedures for the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of primary and secondary amines with halo-7-azaindoles(pyrrolo[2,3-&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;]pyridine) are presented. Previously, no general method was available to ensure the highly selective reaction of the heteroaryl halide in the presence of the unprotected azaindole &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-H. Using palladium precatalysts recently reported by our group, such reactions are easily accomplished under mild conditions that can be applied to cross-coupling reactions with a wide array of aliphatic and aromatic amines.
A Novel Series of [2-[Methyl(2-phenethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]benzene-Containing Leukotriene B4 Antagonists:  Initial Structure−Activity Relationships (1996)

This report describes the synthesis of a new class of LTB4 receptor antagonists containing [2-[methyl(2-phenethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]benzene as a key binding domain for interaction with high-affinity LTB4 receptors. In addition to this binding domain, two other structural features, an acid function and a lipophilic group, are also required by these compounds for high binding affinity. Our studies indicate that maximal binding affinity in this series is controlled by the spatial relationship of these groups relative to one another. The structure-activity relationships are discussed. The most potent compound in this chemical series, (E)-5-[2-[methyl(2-phenethyl)-amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-(benzyloxy)cinn amic acid (32), has an IC50 of 2 nM in a guinea pig spleen cell membrane assay. In the whole-cell human neutrophils binding assay, (Z)-5-[2-[methyl-(2-phenethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2-(benzyloxy)cinn amic acid (30) was the most potent compound with an IC50 of 50 nM.
Bilateral Control of SeNZA—A Series Hybrid Electric Bicycle (2016)

The need for reducing pollution, congestion, and energy consumption is increasing the interest in light electric vehicles. E-bikes can play an important role in this scenario, since they are cost effective, easy to use, and have a small footprint. This paper explores the series hybrid electric bicycle concept. This vehicle is characterized by the absence of a mechanical transmission: the pedals are connected to a generator electrically coupled to a battery pack and an electric motor. This increases the degrees of freedom with which assistance can be provided, but poses several challenges: from human interfacing to energy management. The proposed vehicle is not equipped with a throttle: pedals are, at the same time, a power source and the human-machine interface. It is paramount that the vehicle is controlled so to yield a natural feeling, both at the pedaling dynamics level and at the vehicle level. In this paper, this is obtained through the bilateral control framework. This paper discusses the design of the control system along with several considerations on the choice of generator, motor, and tuning. The controller is finally extensively experimentally analyzed in a human-in-the-loop setting, considering both the cycling feeling and the energy flows.
Personal Daily Dialysis: The Evolution of the Artificial Kidney (2013)

To improve hemodialysis (HD) patients' clinical tolerance and quality of life, a new paradigm of technological evolution of the artificial kidney needs to be addressed at this point. Compared to the second law of thermodynamics, if HD is a barrier against entropy increase, personal daily dialysis (PDD), taking account of multidimensional treatment parameters specific to the patient, can be a new treatment option. Here, we review currently used HD equipment and competing technologies of the wearable artificial kidney (WAK) for future application to PDD. Biofeedback control during HD personalizes treatment parameters such as blood volume changes, thermal energy balance and biochemical variables in well-defined ranges and tries to deliver the targeted treatment dose without intradialytic hypotension. Miniaturized devices such as WAK could also meet the needs of patients by providing mobility, the possibility of normal social activities and flexibility of treatment schedule. So far, many studies have shown the future direction of renal replacement therapy for chronic patients: personalization and daily treatment. PDD might require a new index including a biological plan for recovery of homeostasis and a strategy toward long-term rehabilitation of the patient. The concept of entropy includes these multidimensional factors, and the artificial kidney should be evolved to minimize the increase in entropy of the patient.
An interpolation-based approach to multi-parameter performance modeling for heterogeneous systems (2015)

To effectively optimize applications for emerging heterogeneous architectures, compilers and synthesis tools must perform the challenging task of estimating the performance of different implementations and optimizations for different numbers and types of computational resources. Many performance-prediction techniques exist, but those approaches are specific to particular resources or applications, and are often not capable of prediction for all combinations of inputs. In this paper, we introduce an approach to multi-parameter performance modeling based on sampling and interpolation. This approach can be used in conjunction with execution time data, simulated or observed, to quickly perform performance estimation for any function, on any resource, with any combination of inputs. By evaluating a Kriging-based interpolator on a variety of functions and computational resources, we determine bounds on the accuracy of this approach, and show that an interpolation-based approach utilizing Kriging can effectively model execution time for most applications. We also show that Kriging is a highly effective interpolation technique for execution time, and can be up to four orders of magnitude more accurate than nearest-neighbor interpolation or radial basis function interpolation.
A Highly Active Suzuki Catalyst for the Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Biaryls:  Novel Ligand Coordination (2002)

A catalyst system for the preparation of biaryls containing four ortho substituents via Suzuki coupling is described. The combination of a catalytic quantity of Pd2(dba)3 with either an electron-rich biarylphosphine or DPEPhos is effective using a wide range of substrates. The X-ray crystal structure of (dba)Pd(2-(9-phenanthryl)phenyl-dicyclohexylphosphine), in which the Pd is coordinated to the 9,10-double bond of the phenanthryl group, is also reported.
Abstract P5-05-13: Inhibition of NOTCH signaing with g-secretase inhibitor AL101 contributes to overcome resistance against HER2-targeted therapy in HER2 amplified breast cancer cells (2020)

Abstract Notch signaling affects multiple cellular processes including stem cell maintenance, differentiation, proliferation, motility and survival. Activated NOTCH signaling and up-regulation of tumor-promoting NOTCH target genes are well documented in human breast cancer. Growing evidence suggest the novel role of NOTCH pathway as a survival resistance mechanism against HER2-targeted therapy in the HER2 amplified breast cancer subgroup, accounting for 20% of breast cancers. It was reported that tumor cells that develop intrinsic or acquired resistance to HER2 targeted therapy (at either relapse of the dormant resistant cells or at the progression of HER2 disease), express higher levels of NOTCH pathway genes. The small molecule AL101 is an γ-secretase inhibitor that potently inhibits the activation of all 4 NOTCH receptors (NOTCH1-4). We hypothesize that treatment with AL101, could potentially block activation of this intrinsic resistance mechanism and/or inhibit the acquisition of the acquired resistance. The goal of this study is: (a) to test the efficacy of first line treatment of anti-HER2 drugs combined with AL101, and (b) to test the efficacy of the AL101 as a second line therapy for anti-HER2 resistance breast cancer cells lines. Our study demonstrates the potential utility of HER2-targeted therapy in combination with AL101 as a novel strategy for overcoming the NOTCH signaling induced survival resistance mechanism in HER2 amplified breast cancer cells, and suggests NOTCH inhibitors as potential second-line therapy for recurrent or resistant HER2 amplified breast cancer tumors. Citation Format: Bothaina Nakad, Esther Channah Broner, David Sidransky, Evgeny Izumchenko. Inhibition of NOTCH signaing with g-secretase inhibitor AL101 contributes to overcome resistance against HER2-targeted therapy in HER2 amplified breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-13.
Highly Active Co3O4-Based Catalysts for Total Oxidation of Light C1–C3 Alkanes Prepared by a Simple Soft Chemistry Method: Effect of the Heat-Treatment Temperature and Mixture of Alkanes (2021)

In the present work, a simple soft chemistry method was employed to prepare cobalt mixed oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) materials, which have shown remarkably high activity in the heterogeneously catalyzed total oxidation of low reactive VOCs such as the light alkanes propane, ethane, and methane. The optimal heat-treatment temperature of the catalysts was shown to depend on the reactivity of the alkane studied. The catalytic activity of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalysts was found to be as high as that of the most effective catalysts based on noble metals. The physicochemical properties, from either the bulk (using XRD, TPR, TPD-O<sub>2</sub>, and TEM) or the surface (using XPS), of the catalysts were investigated to correlate the properties with the catalytic performance in the total oxidation of VOCs. The presence of S1 low-coordinated oxygen species at the near surface of the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based catalysts appeared to be linked with the higher reducibility of the catalysts and, consequently, with the higher catalytic activity, not only per mass of catalyst but also per surface area (enhanced areal rate). The co-presence of propane and methane in the feed at low reaction temperatures did not negatively affect the propane reactivity. However, the co-presence of propane and methane in the feed at higher reaction temperatures negatively affected the methane reactivity.
Crystal structure of the M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (2019)

Abstract The human M 5 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) has recently emerged as an exciting therapeutic target for treating a range of disorders, including drug addiction. However, a lack of structural information for this receptor subtype has limited further drug development and validation. Here we report a high-resolution crystal structure of the human M 5 mAChR bound to the clinically used inverse agonist, tiotropium. This structure allowed for a comparison across all five mAChR family members that revealed important differences in both orthosteric and allosteric sites that could inform the rational design of selective ligands. These structural studies together with chimeric swaps between the extracellular regions of the M 2 and M 5 mAChR further revealed the structural insight into “kinetic-selectivity”, where ligands show differential residency times between related family members. Collectively, our study provides important insights into the nature of orthosteric and allosteric ligand interaction across the mAChR family that could be exploited for the design of selective ligands. Significance Statement The five subtypes of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system where they play a vital role in physiology and pathologies. Recently, the M 5 mAChR subtype has emerged as an exciting drug target for the treatment of drug addiction. We have determined the atomic structure of the M 5 mAChR bound to the clinically used inverse agonist tiotropium. The M 5 mAChR structure now allows for a full comparison of all five mAChR subtypes and reveals subtle differences in the extracellular loop (ECL) regions of the receptor that mediate orthosteric and allosteric ligand selectivity. Together these findings open the door for future structure-based design of selective drugs that target this therapeutically important class of receptors.
A CMOS integrated circuit for multichannel multiple-subject biotelemetry using bidirectional optical transmissions [weightlessness in space effects application] (1994)

A CMOS integrated circuit for a noninvasive biological-signal telemetry system specified for use in medical and physiological studies of the influence of weightlessness in space is presented. The system can monitor multichannel (4 channels maximum) biological signals from multiple subjects (4 subjects maximum) in real time by using time multiplexing. A key technique, so-called synchronized multiple-subject telemetry, to achieve multiple-subject telemetry has been proposed. This technique utilizes bidirectional optical transmissions with direct and scattered infrared lights between an observer and each of the subjects. An experimental CMOS IC to give a small light-weight low-power, and smart telemetry instrument for use on animals has been developed. This IC is for evaluating circuit blocks of the implantable monolithic telemetry instrument. The major circuit blocks include CMOS digital circuits for synchronization, subject selection and time multiplexing, analog circuits for pulse interval modulation (PIM), and other blocks such as a CMOS optical pulse receiver and an LED driver. A preliminary experimental multichannel telemetry from two subjects has been performed with the implemented IC chips, and the principal operation of the multiple-subject optical biotelemetry has been demonstrated.
Analysis of two‐dimensional electromagnetic scattering from a periodic grating of cylinders using a hybrid current model (1988)

A method of moments solution is presented for the problem of two‐dimensional electromagnetic scattering from a periodic grating composed of an infinite set of penetrable cylinders illuminated by a TM (transverse magnetic relative to the cylinder axis) plane wave. The reduction of the general problem to a consideration of the fields over a suitably selected period, referred to as the unit cell, is facilitated by the Floquet theorem. The solution then uses fictitious spatially periodic and properly modulated electric current strips to simulate the scattered field in the exterior region within the unit cell and fictitious filamentary currents to simulate the field penetrated into the cylinder enclosed within this cell. The fields radiated by the current strips are represented in terms of Floquet modes. Finally, the simulated fields are forced to obey the continuity conditions for the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields at a selected set of points on the cylinder boundary within the unit cell. The procedure is simple to implement, rapidly converging, and is applicable to cylinders of arbitrary smooth cross section. Perfectly conducting cylinders are treated as reduced cases of the general procedure for penetrable cylinders. Results are given and compared with available data. The efficiency of the suggested method is demonstrated.
Impact of changes to reimbursement of fixed combinations of inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting β 2 ‐agonists in obstructive lung diseases: a population‐based, observational study (2014)

Overall, these findings demonstrate that changes in healthcare policy and medication reimbursement can directly impact medication use and, consequently, clinical outcomes and should, therefore, be made cautiously.
Regulation of murine class I genes by interferons is controlled by regions located both 5' and 3' to the transcription initiation site. (1987)

Interferons regulate the expression of a large number of mammalian genes, including the major histocompatibility antigen genes. To investigate the mechanisms involved in interferon action, we have analyzed the ability of murine H-2Ld and H-2Dd DNA sequences to control the responses to interferon. The results indicate that interferon regulation of class I gene expression is complex and involves at least two mechanisms that are dependent on class I sequences located upstream and downstream to the transcription initiation site. In transfected mouse L cells, both of these regions are required for full enhancement of class I gene expression, with the major portion of the response controlled by the sequences located 3' to the transcription initiation site. The fine-mapping analysis of the 5' region-encoded response also suggests that recombinant alpha and gamma interferons may exert their effects on class I gene expression by using different cis-acting regulatory sequences.
BOLERO-2: Health-related quality-of-life in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with everolimus and exemestane versus exemestane. (2012)

539 Background: BOLERO-2, a phase III study, randomized 724 patients with hormone-receptor–positive metastatic breast cancer, who had recurrence or progression on/after prior nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor therapy, to everolimus (EVE) plus exemestane (EXE) or EXE and placebo. A preplanned 12-month median time interim analysis demonstrated that EVE+EXE significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs EXE+placebo but that EVE+EXE resulted in a higher rate of grade 3/4 toxicity. Per-protocol patient reported health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) data are limited; here we report on additional post-hoc analyses of these outcomes. Methods: Using the EORTC–QLQ‑C30 questionnaire, HRQoL was assessed at baseline and every 6 weeks thereafter until progression. The QLQ‑C30 consists of 30 items combined into 15 subscales, including a Global Health Status (GHS) where higher scores (range 0 to 100) indicate better HRQoL. This analysis included a protocol-specified time to definitive deterioration (TTD) analysis at a 5% decrease in QoL relative to baseline, with no subsequent increase above this threshold. We report additional sensitivity analyses using 10-point minimally important difference (MID) decreases in QLQ‑C30 score relative to baseline. Treatment arms were compared using a stratified logrank test and a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for trial stratum (visceral metastases and previous hormone sensitivity), age, sex, race, baseline score and ECOG performance status, prognostic factors, and treatment history. Results: Baseline QLQ‑C30 GHS scores were not statistically significantly different across treatment groups (64.7 vs 65.3; difference -0.7 [95% CI; -4.3, 3.0]). The median TTD in HRQoL was 7.0 months (95% CI; 5.6, 8.3) for EVE+EXE vs 5.6 (95% CI; 4.2, 7.0) for EXE (P = .0792). Adjusted HR (0.80) approached significance (95% CI; 0.63, 1.02). At the 10-point MID, median TTD for EVE+EXE was 9.7 months (95% CI; 8.3, 11.2) vs 8.4 months (95% CI; 6.3, 12.5) for EXE. Adjusted HR was 0.90 (95% CI; 0.69, 1.18). Conclusions: These additional analyses demonstrate that in addition to significantly improving PFS, EVE+EXE does not compromise HRQoL.