gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of Folding Intermediates at pH 4.0 and Native State of Microbial Transglutaminase (2003)

Recombinant microbial transglutaminase has been expressed in Escherichia coli as insoluble inclusion bodies. After we searched for refolding conditions, refolding of the protein could be done by first dilution of the unfolded enzyme in a buffer at pH 4.0, and then by titration of the pH from 4.0 to 6.0. CD analysis showed that a burst of secondary structure formation occurred within the dead time of the experiment and accounted for 75% of the signal change in the far UV CD, with little tertiary structure being formed. This burst was followed by slow rearrangement of the secondary structure accompanied by formation of tertiary structure. The secondary and tertiary structures of the final sample at pH 4.0, corresponding to the folding intermediate, were different from these structures at pH 6.0. Once the native structure was obtained, acidification of the native protein to pH 4.0 did not lead to a structure like that of the folding intermediate. Sedimentation velocity analysis showed that the folding intermediate had an expanded structure and contained no other structure species including large aggregates.
Enabling URLLC in uncontrolled environments by combining licensed and unlicensed spectrum (2022)

5G New Radio (NR) technology continues evolving with Release 17 bringing new features to enable Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) in unlicensed spectrum. New Radio-Unlicensed (NR-U) enhancements will allow further expansion of 5G application in private networks sectors in enterprise and industry. In unlicensed controlled environment conditions, a URLLC performance comparable to NR with TDD in the licensed spectrum can be achieved. However, it is still questionable whether the unlicensed spectrum can leverage URLLC in environments with uncontrolled interference from other radio access technologies, such as Wi-Fi. In this case, multi-link techniques are needed to mitigate the impact of unplanned interference on the latency and reliability performance. In this work, we study the combined use of licensed and unlicensed spectrum with the target of improving the overall system capacity. The paper shows that cross-carrier retransmission techniques are necessary to meet the strict latency and reliability targets such as 5 ms with 99.999 % reliability. The system-level simulation results exhibit that, combining licensed and unlicensed spectrum, a URLLC capacity improvement of approximately 45 % is achieved as compared to operation in licensed spectrum only, even in presence of sporadic Wi-Fi interference.
Cyclic variation of the power of ultrasonic Doppler signals backscattered by polystyrene microspheres and porcine erythrocyte suspensions (1993)

Factors affecting the power of the ultrasonic Doppler signal within the flow cycle have been evaluated experimentally using a pulsatile flow loop model. Polystyrene microspheres and porcine red cells suspended in saline solution for hematocrits between 2 and 40% were used as scattering fluid in the flow model. Experiments were performed at mean flow velocities of 11, 64, and 76 cm/s. In laminar flow experiments performed at a mean velocity of 11 cm/s, no variation of the Doppler power was found for both polystyrene microspheres and red cell suspensions (40% hematocrit). When turbulence was induced in the flow model, the power increased during systole, a maximum was observed early after peak systole, and a decrease was obtained in diastole during deceleration of flow. At higher mean flow velocities (64 and 76 cm/s), a significant cyclic variation of the Doppler power was also measured for all values of hematocrits (between 2 and 40%). The power of the signal scattered by microspheres and red cell suspensions at 4% hematocrit dropped in systole, reached a minimum at peak systole, and then increased during early diastole. For red cells suspended in saline at 40% hematocrit, a slightly different pattern of variation was obtained. The cyclic variations observed at high flow velocities and in the presence of turbulence are believed to be associated with cyclic changes in the correlation among particles. In the present study, the effect of red cell aggregation on the cyclic variation has not been addressed.
Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Proceclures in a Rural Hospital (1997)

Laparoscopic surgical procedures are replacing traditional, more invasive surgical procedures--even in small, rural hospitals. During a period of 12 months, the authors performed laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy procedures on two patients at a 20-bed hospital in North Dakota. Although surgeons in other countries have reported performing laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy procedures, this is the first published report of a US surgical team performing this procedure. Laparoscopic dissection of the distal pancreas allows preservation of patients' spleens, decreases postoperative pain and length of hospitalization, and permits patients to return to activities of daily living more quickly than with traditional open pancreatectomy procedures.
Space and time scheduling in multicomputers (1995)

Multicomputers are expensive resources that must be shared among multiple users to achieve the desired levels of throughput, utilization, and price-performance ratio. A multi-user environment may be provided either by space partitioning, or time-sharing, or a combination of both. This dissertation presents fast and efficient techniques to improve the performance of multi-user multicomputers using both space partitioning as well as 'time-sharing on space partitions' approaches. The techniques have been specifically targeted for mesh and hypercube multicomputers; the two popular topologies for commercial multicomputers.
Space partitioning deals with executing independent tasks on independent partitions. It comprises of two components: the processor allocator and the job sequencer. This dissertation presents fast and efficient strategies for processor allocation in mesh and hypercubes. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategies outperform all the existing methods in terms of the response times while possessing the least time and space overheads. The strategies proposed for job sequencing are independent of the topology and improve the turn-around times of jobs significantly. In addition, they are shown to efficiently utilize the proposed processor allocation strategies. This results in an improved performance and low space and time overheads.
Time-sharing on space partitions possesses a promising prospect for improving the response times of users while providing an interactive service. A subcube level time-sharing strategy has been proposed for hypercube multicomputers. The proposed strategy tries to allocate overlapping subcubes to incoming tasks where each processor is time-shared between the various processes running on it. The proposed strategy was implemented on a 64 node nCUBE 2E system running real applications. The proposed strategy is shown to outperform both the space partitioning and the time-sharing approaches.
The impact of Social Media on information technology across the Enterprise (2014)

Social Media is quickly becoming a vital part of the digital transformation that is occurring across almost all industries today. It is becoming a critical tool for the enterprise as a means to facilitate communicate among peers while driving businesses to next level. In the past, organizations would communicate solely through traditional methods such as email, face-to-face meetings and written communications thus limiting information flow to a small subset of individuals. With the advent of social media platforms, keeping all organizations (and individuals) across an Enterprise “in the communications loop” has become the norm rather than the exception.
Statistical genetics concepts in biomass-based materials engineering (2022)

With the rise of biomass-based materials such as nanocellulose, there is a growing need to develop statistical methods capable of leveraging inter-dependent experimental data to improve material design, product development, and process optimisation. Statistical approaches are essential given the multifaceted nature of variability in lignocellulosic biomass, which includes a range of different biomass feedstock types, a combinative arrangement of different biomass processing routes, and an array of different product formats depending on the focal application. To account for this large degree of variability and to extract meaningful patterns from research studies, there is a requirement to generate larger datasets of biomass-derived material properties through well-designed experimental systems that enable statistical analysis. To drive this trend, this article proposes the cross-disciplinary utilisation of statistical modelling approaches commonly applied within the field of statistical genetics to evaluate data generated in the field of biomass-based material research and development. The concepts of variance partitioning, heritability, hierarchical clustering, and selection gradients have been explained in their native context of statistical genetics and subsequently applied across the disciplinary boundary to evaluate relationships within a model experimental study involving the production of sorghum-derived cellulose nanofibres and their subsequent fabrication into nanopaper material. Variance partitioning and heritability calculates the relative influence of biomass vs. processing factors on material performance, while hierarchical clustering highlights the obscured similarity between experimental samples or characterisation metrics, and selection gradients elucidate the relationships between characterisation metrics and material quality. Ultimately, these statistical modelling approaches provide more depth to the investigation of biomass-processing-structure-property-performance relationships through outlining a framework for product characterisation, quality evaluation, and data visualisation, not only applicable to nanocellulose production but for all biomass-based materials and products.
Classification of Contour Shapes Using Class Segment Sets (2005)

Both example-based and model-based approaches for classifying contour shapes can encounter difficulties when dealing with classes that have large nonlinear variability, especially when the variability is structural or due to articulation. This paper proposes a part-based approach to address this problem. Bayesian classification is performed within a three-level framework, which consists of models for contour segments, for classes, and for the entire database of training examples. The class model enables different parts of different exemplars of a class to contribute to the recognition of an input shape. The method is robust to occlusion and is invariant to planar rotation, translation, and scaling. Furthermore, the method is completely automated. It achieves 98% classification accuracy on a large database with many classes.
Neurotrophin-Induced Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells on Three-Dimensional Polymeric Scaffolds (2005)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have the potential to form various cell types, including neural cells for the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's, spinal cord injury, and glaucoma. Here, we have investigated the neuronal differentiation of hES cells on three-dimensional scaffolds fabricated from degradable poly(alpha-hydroxy esters) including poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(L-lactic acid). When cultured in vitro, neural rosette-like structures developed throughout the scaffolds with differentiation dependent on factors in the medium (e.g., retinoic acid [RA], nerve growth factor [NGF], and neurotrophin 3 [NT-3]) and the differentiation stage of the cells. Specifically, enhanced numbers of neural structures and staining of nestin (a marker of neural precursors) and beta(III)-tubulin (indicative of neural differentiation) were observed with hES cell-seeded polymer scaffolds when cultured with both NGF and NT-3 when compared with control medium. In addition, vascular structures were found throughout the engineered tissues when cultured with the neurotrophins, but not in the presence of RA.
RGB-YMCK Color Conversion by Application of the Neural Networks (1993)

Printing applications require to convert RGB displayable pictures into four printing process components: yellow, magenta, cyan and black. The printing process generates black color by two mechanisms: substractive mixture of YMC components and by K component. In almost all cases, the RGB picture on the display has different colors to the YMCK converted printed picture. The colors of the YMCK printed picture can be simulated on the RGB display. Simulation is a complex process, which depends on the printer (ink, paper, printing technique, dot gain, UCR or GCR corrections), monitor (RGB phosphor components, gamma correction, brightness and saturation adjustments) as well as observation conditions (illuminant, reflections).In the paper, a neural network is proposed as an alternative solution for RGB-YMCK color conversion, in order to obtain closer color appearance between RGB image and the corresponding YMCK printed image. The YMCK data, as inputs, and the RGB data resulted from simulation of YMCK printed colors, as outputs, are used to learn the neural net-work in order to perform the global color conversion from RGB to YMCK. The general RGB simulation process of the printed YMCK colors is not bidirectional, so that, the network finds one possible transformation with a certain probability, strongly dependent on the learning data which determines the weights of the neural network.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF AMINES WITH PERFLUOROAZAPROPENE‐ FORMATION OF THE NOVEL 4H‐PYRIDO(1,2‐A)‐S‐TRIAZINE SYSTEM VIA UNSYMMETRICAL CARBODI‐IMIDES (1976)

Abstract Über die Zwischenstufe (III) entstehen aus (I) und (II) in THF sowohl (IV) als auch (V).
Comparison of digital beamforming algorithms for 3-D terahertz imaging with sparse multistatic line arrays (2017)

Abstract. In this contribution we compare the back-projection algorithm with our recently developed modified range migration algorithm for 3-D terahertz imaging using sparse multistatic line arrays. A 2-D planar sampling scheme is generated using the array's aperture in combination with an orthogonal synthetic aperture obtained through linear movement of the object under test. A stepped frequency continuous wave signal modulation is used for range focusing. Comparisons of the focusing quality show that results using the modified range migration algorithm reflect these of the back-projection algorithm except for some degradation along the array's axis due to the operation in the array's near-field. Nevertheless the highest computational efficiency is obtained from the modified range migration algorithm, which is better than the numerically optimized version of the back-projection algorithm. Measurements have been performed by using an imaging system operating in the W frequency band to verify the theoretical results.
NIR-emitting molecular-based nanoparticles as new two-photon absorbing nanotools for single particle tracking (2015)

In order to provide a green alternative to QDs for bioimaging purposes and aiming at designing bright nanoparticles combining both large one- and two-photon brightness, a bottom-up route based on the molecular engineering of dedicated red to NIR emitting dyes that spontaneously form fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) has been implemented. These fully organic nanoparticles built from original quadrupolar dyes are prepared using a simple, expeditious and green protocol that yield very small molecular-based nanoparticles (radius ~ 7 nm) suspension in water showing a nice NIR emission (&lambda;<sub>em</sub>=710 nm). These FONs typically have absorption coefficient more than two orders larger than popular NIR-emitting dyes (such as Alexa Fluor 700, Cy5.5 ….) and much larger Stokes shift values (i.e. up to over 5500 cm<sup>-1</sup>). They also show very large two-photon absorption response in the 800-1050 nm region (up to about 10<sup>6</sup> GM) of major promise for two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. Thanks to their brightness and enhanced photostability, these FONs could be imaged as isolated nanoparticles and tracked using wide-field imaging. As such, thanks to their size and composition (absence of heavy metals), they represent highly promising alternatives to NIR-emitting QDs for use in bioimaging and single particle tracking applications. Moreover, efficient FONs coating was achieved by using a polymeric additive built from a long hydrophobic (PPO) and a short hydrophilic (PEO) segment and having a cationic head group able to interact with the highly negative surface of FONs. This electrostatically-driven interaction promotes both photoluminescence and two-photon absorption enhancement leading to an increase of two-photon brightness of about one order of magnitude. This opens the way to wide-field single particle tracking under two-photon excitation
Cell carriers for oncolytic viruses: current challenges and future directions (2013)

The optimal route for clinical delivery of oncolytic viruses is thought to be systemic intravenous injection; however, the immune system is armed with several highly efficient mechanisms to remove pathogens from the circulatory system. To overcome the challenges faced in trying to delivery oncolytic viruses specifically to tumors via the bloodstream, carrier cells have been investigated to determine their suitability as delivery vehicles for systemic administration of oncolytic viruses. Cell carriers protect viruses from neutralization, one of the most limiting aspects of oncolytic virus interaction with the immune system. Cell carriers can also possess inherent tumor tropism, thus directing the delivery of the virus more specifically to a tumor. With preclinical studies already demonstrating the success and feasibility of this approach with multiple oncolytic viruses, clinical evaluation of cell-mediated delivery of viruses is on the horizon. Meanwhile, ongoing preclinical studies are aimed at identifying new cellular vehicles for oncolytic viruses and improving current promising cell carrier platforms.
Differential Roles of Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-12 for Induction of Gamma Interferon by Staphylococcal Cell Wall Components and Superantigens (2001)

The roles of endogenous cytokines induced by either intact staphylococcal microorganisms or staphylococcal exotoxins were examined using human whole-blood cultures. To accomplish this, interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) and tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TNFbp) were used to neutralize IL-18 and TNF, respectively, whereas an anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody was used to neutralize IL-12 and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was used to block IL-1 receptors. Heat-killed Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the staphylococcal superantigens toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production. Staphylococcus spp.-induced production of IFN-gamma required the presence of endogenous IL-18, IL-12, and TNF. In contrast, TSST-1-induced IFN-gamma was not significantly reduced in the presence of IL-18BP, anti-IL-12 antibodies, IL-1Ra, or anti-TNFbp. SEB-induced IFN-gamma was significantly inhibited only by anti-IL-12 antibodies, indicating that endogenous IL-18, IL-1, and TNF are not required for SEB-induced IFN-gamma. In conclusion, the mechanisms of IFN-gamma stimulation by intact staphylococcal microorganisms and by exotoxins differ, and this is likely due to the different receptors which are triggered on the cell membranes. In contrast to its role in the interactions between staphylococci and host cells, IL-18 does not appear to play a major role in superantigen-induced IFN-gamma.
16S rDNA phylogeny and distribution of lin genes in novel hexachlorocyclohexane‐degrading Sphingomonas strains (2005)

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) is a highly recalcitrant pesticide that persists in soils. Three novel HCH-degrading strains (DS2, DS2-2 and DS3-1) were isolated after enrichment from HCH-contaminated soil from Germany. These strains efficiently degraded the alpha-, gamma- and delta-isomers of HCH, while strain DS3-1 also degraded beta-HCH. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, strain DS3-1 was closely related to Sphingomonas taejonensis, while strains DS2 and DS2-2 were closely related to Sphingomonas flava and seven HCH-degrading strains recently isolated from HCH-contaminated Spanish soil. Hence, geographic origin of the strains was not reflected in their phylogenetic affiliation. Subsequently, lin genes involved in HCH degradation, virtually identical to those from Sphingomonas paucimobilis strains UT26 from Japan and B90A from India, were identified in strains DS3-1, DS2, DS2-2 and five of the strains from Spain. The conserved lin gene sequences and structural organization, as well as the close association with IS6100, suggest a shared lin gene origin and recent horizontal gene transfer among phylogenetically diverged Sphingomonas strains in remote geographic locations. The loss of the ability to degrade gamma-HCH was associated with the deletion of the linA gene, probably due to recombination involving IS6100 elements, of which several copies are located in the lin cluster region.
Effect of West Nile virus DNA-plasmid vaccination on response to live virus challenge in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) (2011)

Use of the WNV DNA-plasmid vaccine in red-tailed hawks was safe, and vaccination attenuated but did not eliminate both the viremia and the intensity of postchallenge shedding following live virus exposure. Further research is warranted to conclusively determine the efficacy of this vaccine preparation for protection of red-tailed hawks and other avian species against WNV-induced disease.
CMOS Compatible Electro-optic Modulators and Linear Modulation Techniques (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. Gill, W. Green, S. Assefa, J. Rosenberg, T. Barwicz, S. Shank, and Y. A. Vlasov, "CMOS Compatible Electro-optic Modulators and Linear Modulation Techniques," in Frontiers in Optics 2013, I. Kang, D. Reitze, N. Alic, and D. Hagan, eds., OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper FTu4E.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Covalent Poly(lactic acid) Nanoparticles for the Sustained Delivery of Naloxone (2019)

The opioid epidemic currently plaguing the United States has been exacerbated by an alarming rise in fatal overdoses as a result of the proliferated abuse of synthetic mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, such as fentanyl and its related analogues. Attempts to manage this crisis have focused primarily on widespread distribution of the clinically approved opioid reversal agent naloxone (Narcan); however, due to the intrinsic metabolic lability of naloxone, these measures have demonstrated limited effectiveness against synthetic opioid toxicity. This work reports a novel polymer-based strategy to create a long-acting formulation of naloxone with the potential to address this critical issue by utilizing covalent nanoparticle (<i>c</i>NP) drug delivery technology. Covalently loaded naloxone nanoparticles (Nal-<i>c</i>NPs) were prepared via the naloxone-initiated, ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide in the presence of a bifunctional thiourea organocatalyst with subsequent precipitation of the resulting naloxone-poly(l-lactic acid) polymer. This protocol afforded well-defined nanoparticles possessing a drug loading of approximately 7% w/w. The resulting Nal-<i>c</i>NPs demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, while exhibiting sustained linear release kinetics <i>in vitro</i> and blocking the effects of high dose (10 mg/kg) acute morphine for up to 98 h in an <i>in vivo</i> rodent model of neuropathic pain.
WCET Nested-Loop Minimization in Terms of Instruction-Level-Parallelism (2015)

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