gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Outer-Loop Control for AMC Based on Mutual Information in MIMO-OFDM Downlink (2012)

This paper presents the performance of outer-loop control for adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) using mutual information (MI) based mapping between the block error rate (BLER) and received signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) downlink employing maximum likelihood detection (MLD). In AMC, we generate a mapping table between the BLER and MI per bit in advance, which is computed from the received SINR, assuming typical channel conditions including the path model and fading maximum Doppler frequency. Then, in the proposed outer-loop control, the measured MI per bit value for selecting the best modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is adjusted so that the measured BLER after turbo decoding satisfies the prescribed target value. Computer simulation results show that the outer-loop control achieves almost the same throughput as that with a mapping table assuming channel conditions identical to those for the actual measurement, while achieving nearly the identical target BLER. Moreover, we show that the best step size, which provides nearly the maximum throughput, differs according to the change in the maximum Doppler frequency in contrast to the relative feedback delay of the AMC loop. Nevertheless, it is insensitive to the target BLER value and frequency-selectivity of a channel model.
Implication of Bcl-2 family members in apoptosis signalling pathways triggered by growth factor deprivation (2003)

Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a conserved cellular suicide program that selectively eliminates excess or potentially dangerous cells. To elucidate the signalling pathways implicated in the regulation of apoptosis and proliferation, cytokine withdrawal was used as a physiological stimulus to trigger programmed cell death. By means of representational difference analysis, the short isoform of the integral membrane protein (ITM2Bs) was identified in the present study as a novel regulator of cell death that was upregulated upon IL-2 deprivation. ITM2Bs was shown to belong to the BH3-only members of the Bcl-2 family and promoted apoptosis by antagonizing the pro-survival function of Bcl-2 protein. Biochemical and confocal studies demonstrated that association of ITM2Bs to mitochondria correlated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol as well as activation of up- and downstream caspases suggesting signalling via mi! tochondrial-mediated pathways. Functional interactions between proteins play a pivotal role in signal transduction. In this work, a novel function has been uncovered for the lymphoid-specific transcription factor Aiolos that was found to be associated with the pro-survival Bcl-xL protein in IL-4-deprived, but not IL-4-stimulated T-lymphocytes. The phosphorylation status appeared to be important since dephosphorylation of Aiolos and Bcl-xL increased their binding affinity following IL-4 withdrawal. These data propose a model, in which the anti-apoptotic effects of Bcl-xL are blocked through its sequestration by unphosphorylated Aiolos. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL and Bcl-w were identified as targeting subunits of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP1alpha in IL-4-stimulated T-lymphocytes as well as in freshly isolated thymocytes, replacing Bcl-2 as regulatory subunit of PP1alpha in IL-2-stimulated cells. Using co-immunoprecipitation assays, Bcl-xL or Bcl-w were shown to interact with PP1alpha and Bad forming two types of trimolecular complexes, Bcl-xL/PP1alpha/Bad and Bcl-w/PP1alpha/Bad. Depletion of Bcl-xL and Bcl-w resulted in loss of the interaction of PP1alpha and its substrate Bad, thus preventing dephosphorylation of Bad and subsequently programmed cell death. In addition to phosphorylation, the function of the pro-apoptotic Bad is also regulated by subcellular localization. It was demonstrated that a major fraction of Bad was localized in rafts upon IL-4 stimulation. This pool of Bad was dephosphorylated, but it was unable to exert its cell death-inducing function due to its sequestration in these plasma membrane microdomains. Confocal microscopy studies provided evidence that IL-4 deprivation triggered disorganization of lipids rafts, resulting in the segregation of dephosphorylated Bad from the plasma membrane and subsequent translocation to mitochondria correlating with T-lymphocyte death.
Oxidation enhanced dopant diffusion in separation by implantation by oxygen silicon-on-insulator material (1994)

An effective interstitial surface recombination velocity for the buried Si-SiO2 interface in separation by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) material has been used to accurately model the oxidation-enhanced diffusion of boron and phosphorous in single- and multiple-implant material. The effective recombination velocity at the SIMOX interface was found to be higher than the value for a thermally grown SiO2 interface. The enhancement of the effective recombination velocity is dependent on the material formation conditions and is empirically related to the near-interface dislocation density. Increased surface interfacial area is considered to be the most likely cause for the increased effective recombination velocity.
Intracellular ATP does not inhibit Slo2.1 K+channels (2014)

Under normal physiological conditions, the open probability of Slo2.1 K(+) channels is low. Elevation of cytosolic [Na(+)] and [Cl(-)] caused by ischemia or rapid electrical pacing of cells increases the open probability of Slo2.1 channels and the resulting outward current can stabilize the resting state of cells. Initial characterization of heterologously expressed human Slo2.1 indicated that these channels were inhibited by physiological levels of intracellular ATP. However, a subsequent study found that intracellular ATP had no effect on Slo2.1 channels. Here, we re-examine the effects of intracellular ATP on cloned human Slo2.1 channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our studies provide both direct and indirect evidence that changes in intracellular [ATP] have no effect on Slo2.1 channels. First, we directly examined the effects of intracellular ATP on Slo2.1 channel activity in excised inside-out macropatches from Xenopus oocytes. Application of 5 mmol/L ATP to the intracellular solution did not inhibit Slo2.1 currents activated by niflumic acid. Second, we lowered the [ATP]i in whole oocytes using the metabolic inhibitor NaN3. Depletion of [ATP]i in oocytes by 3 mmol/L NaN3 rapidly activated heterologously expressed KATP channels, but did not increase wild-type Slo2.1 channel currents activated by niflumic acid or currents conducted by constitutively active mutant (E275D) Slo2.1 channels. Third, mutation of a conserved residue in the ATP binding consensus site in the C-terminal domain of the channel did not enhance the magnitude of Slo2.1 current as expected if binding to this site inhibited channel function. We conclude that Slo2.1 channels are not inhibited by intracellular ATP.
Nucleotide sequence of human monocyte interleukin 1 precursor cDNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1984. 81: 7907-7911. (2007)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a protein with several biological activities regulating host defense and immune responses. We report here the isolation of human IL-1 cDNA. It encodes a precursor polypeptide of 269 amino acids (30,747 Mr). mRNA isolated by hybridization to this cDNA was translated in a reticulocyte cell-free system, yielding immunoprecipitable IL-1. Furthermore, this hybrid-selected mRNA was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes, which subsequently secreted biologically active IL-1. The cDNA nucleotide sequence suggests that IL-1 is initially translated as a precursor molecule that is subsequently processed into the 15,000-20,000 Mr protein usually associated with IL-1 activity.
Four‐dimensional cone beam CT with adaptive gantry rotation and adaptive data sampling (2007)

We have developed a new four-dimensional cone beam CT (4D-CBCT) on a Varian image-guided radiation therapy system, which has radiation therapy treatment and cone beam CT imaging capabilities. We adapted the speed of gantry rotation time of the CBCT to the average breath cycle of the patient to maintain the same level of image quality and adjusted the data sampling frequency to keep a similar level of radiation exposure to the patient. Our design utilized the real-time positioning and monitoring system to record the respiratory signal of the patient during the acquisition of the CBCT data. We used the full-fan bowtie filter during data acquisition, acquired the projection data over 200 deg of gantry rotation, and reconstructed the images with a half-scan cone beam reconstruction. The scan time for a 200-deg gantry rotation per patient ranged from 3.3 to 6.6 min for the average breath cycle of 3-6 s. The radiation dose of the 4D-CBCT was about 1-2 times the radiation dose of the 4D-CT on a multislice CT scanner. We evaluated the 4D-CBCT in scanning, data processing and image quality with phantom studies. We demonstrated the clinical applicability of the 4D-CBCT and compared the 4D-CBCT and the 4D-CT scans in four patient studies. The contrast-to-noise ratio of the 4D-CT was 2.8-3.5 times of the contrast-to-noise ratio of the 4D-CBCT in the four patient studies.
Counterion Distribution Surrounding Spherical Nucleic Acid–Au Nanoparticle Conjugates Probed by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (2013)

The radial distribution of monovalent cations surrounding spherical nucleic acid-Au nanoparticle conjugates (SNA-AuNPs) is determined by in situ small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and classical density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Small differences in SAXS intensity profiles from SNA-AuNPs dispersed in a series of solutions containing different monovalent ions (Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), or Cs(+)) are measured. Using the "heavy ion replacement" SAXS (HIRSAXS) approach, we extract the cation-distribution-dependent contribution to the SAXS intensity and show that it agrees with DFT predictions. The experiment-theory comparisons reveal the radial distribution of cations as well as the conformation of the DNA in the SNA shell. The analysis shows an enhancement to the average cation concentration in the SNA shell that can be up to 15-fold, depending on the bulk solution ionic concentration. The study demonstrates the feasibility of HIRSAXS in probing the distribution of monovalent cations surrounding nanoparticles with an electron dense core (e.g., metals).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Reactivity, and Spectral Properties of 1,3‐Dioxin Vinylogous Esters: Versatile β‐Ketovinyl Cation Equivalents. (1989)

Abstract The enols (I), (V), or (VIII) of cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds react with 1,3,5‐trioxane (II) in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate to give the corresponding fused 1,3‐dioxins (III), (VI), and (IX), together with the polycyclic by‐products (IV), (VII), and (X).
Base-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of pyridinium bromides with bromoallyl sulfones: a facile access to indolizine scaffolds (2020)

An expedient and transition-metal-free synthetic strategy has been developed for the construction of substituted indolizines from a unique combination of pyridinium salts and 2-bromoallyl sulfones. This approach does not compromise with the diverse substitutions on both the pyridinium salts and 2-bromoallyl sulfones. Wide substrate scope, operational simplicity, milder reaction conditions and good to moderate yields are the merits associated with the current approach. Moreover, this method provides two products which are amenable for the generation of a library of key indolizine building blocks.
High-quality genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (2022)

iHM1533 represents a well-annotated metabolic model of EcN with extended secondary metabolite representation. Phenotype characterisation and the iHM1533 model provide a better understanding of the metabolic capabilities of EcN and will help future metabolic engineering efforts.
Homonuclear Recoupling Schemes in MAS NMR (2007)

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Dipolar Hamiltonian Under Magic Angle Spinning 3 Rotor-Driven Homonuclear Recoupling 4 Homonuclear Recoupling Via Spin Echoes 5 Direct Recoupling Sequences: DRAMA and USEME 6 Emerging Techniques 7 Concluding Remarks 8 Acknowledgements 9 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Piezoelectric micro energy harvesters employing advanced (Mg,Zr)-codoped AlN thin film (2015)

We report the new doped-AlN thin film, (Mg,Zr)AlN, based micro energy harvester. By co-doping Mg and Zr into AlN crystal, (Mg,Zr)AlN shows giant piezoelectricity and preserves low permittivity. (Mg,Zr)AlN has higher figure of merit (FOM = e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(ε <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ε)) than conventional PZT. The 13 at.%-(Mg,Zr)AlN had the experimental FOM of up to 16.7 GPa. The micromachining harvester provided the high normalized power density of 3.72 mW.g <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> .cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . This achievement was 1.5-fold increase compared to state of the art.
Long‐Term UV Detecting Wearable Patches Enabled by III‐N Compound Semiconductor‐Based Microphotodetectors (Advanced Optical Materials 13/2023) (2023)

In article number 223083, Daniel J. Joe, Han Eol Lee, and colleagues realize a porous wearable patch by stably attaching onto human skin for a week and continuously removing skin by-products. Based on III-N compound semiconductors, the wearable patch monitors UV-A radiation which adversely affects the human skin.
Direct inelastic scattering of nitric oxide from clean Ag(111): Rotational and fine structure distributions (1983)

The internal state distribution of scattered NO is determined by laser fluorescence excitation spectroscopy when a pulsed, supersonically cooled beam of NO is incident upon the (111) face of a clean Ag single crystal. It is found that the mean rotational energy 〈Er〉 depends linearly on the surface temperature Es(=Ts) and the incident kinetic energy normal to the surface En according to 〈Er〉=a(En+〈Ew′〉)+bEs. The three parameters a, b, and 〈E′w〉 are constants independent of En and Es. Arguments are presented showing that 〈E′w〉 is some measure of the average NO/Ag(111) well depth. For the Ω=1/2 fine structure component we estimate that 〈E′w〉=2850±450 K (245±40 meV), a=0.88±0.009, and b=0.18±0.04 while for Ω=3/2, 〈E′w〉=2080±150 K (180±13 meV), a=0.132±0.005, and b=0.11±0.02. The results are compared to the predictions of one-dimensional impulsive models of gas-surface scattering. These models are able to describe qualitatively the dependence of 〈Er〉 on En and Es but only when trapping fractions that are incompatible with experiment are predicted simultaneously.
A comparative study of salt tolerance parameters in 11 wild relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana (2010)

Salinity is an abiotic stress that limits both yield and the expansion of agricultural crops to new areas. In the last 20 years our basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant tolerance and adaptation to saline environments has greatly improved owing to active development of advanced tools in molecular, genomics, and bioinformatics analyses. However, the full potential of investigative power has not been fully exploited, because the use of halophytes as model systems in plant salt tolerance research is largely neglected. The recent introduction of halophytic Arabidopsis-Relative Model Species (ARMS) has begun to compare and relate several unique genetic resources to the well-developed Arabidopsis model. In a search for candidates to begin to understand, through genetic analyses, the biological bases of salt tolerance, 11 wild relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana were compared: Barbarea verna, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Hirschfeldia incana, Lepidium densiflorum, Malcolmia triloba, Lepidium virginicum, Descurainia pinnata, Sisymbrium officinale, Thellungiella parvula, Thellungiella salsuginea (previously T. halophila), and Thlaspi arvense. Among these species, highly salt-tolerant (L. densiflorum and L. virginicum) and moderately salt-tolerant (M. triloba and H. incana) species were identified. Only T. parvula revealed a true halophytic habitus, comparable to the better studied Thellungiella salsuginea. Major differences in growth, water transport properties, and ion accumulation are observed and discussed to describe the distinctive traits and physiological responses that can now be studied genetically in salt stress research.
A trimmable precision bandgap voltage reference on 180 nm CMOS (2013)

For the operation of a successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter, an integrated reference voltage source is required. This reference has to be stable and has to have high precision. Therefore, trim mechanisms for the achievement of optimal accuracy and minimum temperature drift behavior are necessary. Generally, Kuijk and Brokaw bandgap reference topologies are suitable for these requirements. The Kuijk bandgap reference has typically a very good power supply rejection ratio (PSRR). But adequate noise performance and temperature drift behavior cause relatively high current and area consumption. In contrast to the Kuijk topology, the Brokaw reference circuit has better noise performance and temperature drift at a lower quiescent current. Depending on the topology, the Brokaw reference normally has lower PSRR. For implementation, the Brokaw reference has been chosen. It has a nominal output voltage of 1.25 V with an absolute accuracy of 600 μV after trimming. The temperature drift in the range of ̅-55°C to 125°C is typical 22.8 ppm/°C. The DC power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is more than 84dB over all relevant corners. The minimum power supply rejection ratio is 59dB at approximately 1 MHz. The overall current consumption at ambient temperature is maximal 59 μA.
Supplementary Video S1 from Tumor Cell–Driven Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Drives Haptotaxis during Metastatic Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Video S1. MenaINV drives haptotaxis in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Context adaptive thresholding and entropy coding for very low complexity JPEG transcoding (2016)

The ever increasing quantity of user generated photos, nearly all compressed using JPEG, has created a growing storage burden on photo storage and sharing services. This creates the need for compression techniques that take JPEG compressed images as inputs. In this paper we propose two novel very low complexity codecs, ROMP and L-ROMP to recompress JPEG photos, achieving increased coding efficiency by making use of very large entropy coding tables. ROMP is a lossless JPEG recompression codec that achieves 15% average gains over JPEG, while L-ROMP is a lossy codec that can achieve 29% average compression gains over JPEG, by applying coefficient thresholding based on a perceptual criterion to a JPEG image before using the entropy coding of ROMP.
Room temperature CaGa2S4:Dy3+ laser action at 2.43 and 4.31 microns and KPb2I5:Dy3+ laser action at 2.43 microns (1999)

In a previous report 1 we discussed the potential for two non-hygroscopic solidstate crystals as new hosts for Dy 3+ lasers in the mid-IR (2-10m) at room temperature.In this paper, we report such laser action at 2.43 and 4.31 m in CaGa 2 S 4 :Dy 3+ , and at 2.43 m in KPb 2 Cl 5 :Dy 3+ .Slope efficiencies of 2.7% and 1.6%, respectively, were achieved for the sulfide crystal and 2.2% for the chloride crystal.Findlay-Clay analysis obtained losses of 3.9%, 0.9% and 1.2%, respectively.OCIS codes: (140.
Systematic studies of correlations between different order flow harmonics in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV (2018)

The correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of anisotropic flow harmonic amplitudes have been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The results are reported in terms of multiparticle correlation observables dubbed symmetric cumulants. These observables are robust against biases originating from nonflow effects. The centrality dependence of correlations between the higher order harmonics (the quadrangular ${v}_{4}$ and pentagonal ${v}_{5}$ flow) and the lower order harmonics (the elliptic ${v}_{2}$ and triangular ${v}_{3}$ flow) is presented. The transverse momentum dependences of correlations between ${v}_{3}$ and ${v}_{2}$ and between ${v}_{4}$ and ${v}_{2}$ are also reported. The results are compared to calculations from viscous hydrodynamics and a multiphase transport (AMPT) model calculations. The comparisons to viscous hydrodynamic models demonstrate that the different order harmonic correlations respond differently to the initial conditions and the temperature dependence of the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density $(\ensuremath{\eta}/s)$. A small average value of $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$ is favored independent of the specific choice of initial conditions in the models. The calculations with the AMPT initial conditions yield results closest to the measurements. Correlations among the magnitudes of ${v}_{2}, {v}_{3}$, and ${v}_{4}$ show moderate ${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$ dependence in midcentral collisions. This might be an indication of possible viscous corrections to the equilibrium distribution at hadronic freeze-out, which might help to understand the possible contribution of bulk viscosity in the hadronic phase of the system. Together with existing measurements of individual flow harmonics, the presented results provide further constraints on the initial conditions and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions.
<title>Comparison of methods for spectral estimation from 1D NMR time signals</title> (1992)

Various algorithms for spectral estimation were compared for the task of estimating spectra of NMR signals. These algorithms were the fast Fourier transform, maximum entropy, and an autoregressive model. Both simulated and real data were investigated. The simulated radio frequency (rf) data was designed to mimic data from the human liver using <SUP>31</SUP>P NMR spectroscopy. All algorithms exhibited similar bias and variance of estimates in the simulation. Data from a solution containing water and ethanol was also acquired. Here, the FFT and autoregressive methods exhibited similar bias and variance. Investigations involving maximum entropy are currently underway.
Identification of Flaming and Its Applications in CGM - Case Studies toward Ultimate Prevention (2014)

Nowadays, anybody can easily express their opinion publicly through Consumer Generated Media. Because of this, a phenomenon of flooding criticism on the Internet, called flaming, frequently occurs. Although there are strong demands for flaming management, namely, a service to reduce damage caused by a flaming after one occurs, it is very difficult to properly do so in practice. We are trying to keep the flaming from happening. Concretely, we propose methods to identify a potential tweet which will be a likely candidate of a flaming on Twitter, considering public opinion among twitter users.

We divide flamings into three categories: criminal episodes, struggles between conflicting values and secret exposures. The first two represent the vast majority of flaming cases. As for the CEs, a Naive Bayes-based method has been promising to identify the cases. As for the SBCVs, we propose a dynamic P/N analysis based on daily polarity, which represents the strength of the polarity of public opinion on a given topic. An experiment using a past flaming case has shown that the method has successfully explained the case as one caused by a gap between the polarity of the tweet and that of public opinion.