gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guidance for Performance Evaluation for Fluorescence Guided Surgery Systems (2023)

The last decade has seen a large growth in fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) imaging and interventions.With the increasing number of clinical specialties implementing FGS, the range of systems with radically different physical designs, image processing approaches and performance requirements is expanding.This variety of systems makes it nearly impossible to specify uniform performance goals, yet at the same time, utilization of different devices in clinical trials indicates some need for common knowledge bases and a quality assessment paradigm to ensure that effective translation occurs.It is feasible to identify key fundamental image quality characteristics and corresponding objective test methods that should be determined such that there are consistent conventions across a variety of FGS devices.This report outlines test methods, tissue simulating phantoms and suggested guidelines, as well as personnel needs and professional knowledge bases that can be established.This report frames the issues with guidance and feedback from related societies and agencies having vested interest in the outcome, coming from an independent scientific group formed from academics and international federal agencies for the establishment of these professional guidelines.
S'opposer à quel prix ? (2014)

Les votes relatifs aux Traité sur la stabilité, la coordination et la gouvernance (TSCG) et au Mécanisme européen de stabilité (MES) en 2012 ont permis à un certain nombre de parlementaires conservateurs français et allemands de s’opposer à leur parti en matière de politique européenne. En étudiant de manière comparative les processus ayant conduit à leur opposition ainsi que les conséquences sur leur carrière politique de cette prise de position, nous montrons que cette opposition intrapartisane se focalise en France et en Allemagne sur des enjeux distincts et que la discipline partisane en Allemagne conduit à un encadrement, voire à une exclusion, de la parole eurocritique.
Patients with Slowly Proliferative Early Breast Cancer Have Low Five-Year Recurrence Rates in a Phase III Adjuvant Trial of Capecitabine (2015)

The very low event rate in patients with ER-positive, low Ki-67 cancers, regardless of nodal status, strongly suggests that these patients should not be enrolled in adjuvant trials that assess 5-year DFS rates and that central Ki-67 analyses can identify these patients.
Passive Modeling of Interconnects by Waveform Shaping (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to enforcing the passivity of a reduced system of general passive linear time invariant circuits. Instead of making the reduced models passive for infinite frequencies, which is difficult and inefficient using state-of-the-art optimization based methods for circuits with many terminals and operating in wideband frequency ranges, the new method works on the signal waveform driving reduced models. It slightly shapes the waveforms of the signal such that the resulting signal spectra are band limited to the frequency range in which the reduced system is passive. As a result, the reduced models only need to be band-limited passive (also called conditionally passive), which can be achieved much easier than traditional passivity for a reduced system, especially for ones with many terminals or requiring wide band accuracy (more poles). We propose to use spectrum truncation via FFT/IFFT and low-pass filter based approaches for transient waveform shaping processing. We analyze the delay and distortion effects caused by using low-pass filters and propose methods to mitigate the two effects. Experimental results on several interconnect circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods
Data from Dendritic Cell–Activating Vaccine Adjuvants Differ in the Ability to Elicit Antitumor Immunity Due to an Adjuvant-Specific Induction of Immunosuppressive Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; We questioned whether the vaccine adjuvant combination of TLR-7 ligand agonist, imiquimod, with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) would result in enhanced dendritic cell recruitment and activation with increased antigen-specific immunity as compared with either adjuvant used alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The adjuvant effects of GM-CSF and imiquimod were studied in ovalbumin (OVA) and MMTVneu transgenic mice using peptide-based vaccines. Type I immunity, serum cytokines, myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC), and regulatory T cells (Treg) levels were examined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Both GM-CSF and imiquimod equally induced local accumulation and activation of dendritic cells. Both adjuvants effectively enhanced OVA-specific T-cell responses. We further evaluated the antitumor efficacy of adjuvant GM-CSF and imiquimod immunizing against murine insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), a nonmutated oncoprotein overexpressed in the tumors of MMTVneu transgenic mice. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the mice receiving IGFBP-2 peptides with GM-CSF (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.000), but not in imiquimod vaccine-treated groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.141). Moreover, the addition of imiquimod to GM-CSF negated the antitumor activity of the vaccine when GM-CSF was used as the sole adjuvant. While GM-CSF stimulated significant levels of antigen-specific T-helper cell (T&lt;sub&gt;H&lt;/sub&gt;)1, imiquimod induced elevated serum interleukin (IL)-10. Both MDSC and Tregs were increased in the imiquimod-treated but not GM-CSF–treated groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.000 and 0.006, respectively). Depleting MDSC and Treg in animals immunized with imiquimod and IGFBP-2 peptides restored antitumor activity to the levels observed with vaccination using GM-CSF as the sole adjuvant.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Adjuvants may induce regulatory responses in the context of a self-antigen vaccine. Adjuvant triggered immunosuppression may limit vaccine efficacy and should be evaluated in preclinical models especially when contemplating combination approaches. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(11); 3122–31. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Verification of real time controllers against timing diagram specifications using constraint logic programming (2002)

Given a pseudo-synchronous (sampled input) finite-state machine (FSM) implementation of a real-time controller and a specification in the form of timing diagrams (TDs), the question we wish to answer is whether the controller satisfies the specification. The method we propose uses constraint logic programming (CLP) based on relational interval arithmetic (RIA) and domain narrowing. The controller FSM is fed with input sequences derived from the timing assumptions on the inputs as stated in the specification, and its outputs are verified against the required timing of the specification (the commit constraints). Since timing constraints in TD specifications usually involve intervals of possible values, there may be many input sequences satisfying the assumptions. We consider all possible input sequences in one symbolic execution of the machine derived from the TD and the controller by formulating the execution of the machine as consistency checking of a constraint system. The number of constraints checked is linear with the sum of the lengths of the intervals of the assumption constraints in the specification. It was implemented in CLP(BNR) Prolog.
Hybrid Active Third-Harmonic Current Injection Mains Interface Concept for DC Distribution Systems (2012)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a three-phase high power factor mains interface concept appropriate for many power electronic applications such as supplies for dc power distribution systems in telecommunication, electric vehicle battery charging, future more electric aircraft, variable-speed ac drives, and high power lighting systems. The circuit topology comprises a buck-type power factor correction rectifier circuit built by the combination of an active third-harmonic injection rectifier and a series-connected dc-dc buck-type converter. The characteristics of this rectifier topology, including the principles of operation, modulation strategy, suitable control structure, and dimensioning equations, are described in this paper. The feasibility of the presented converter for buck-type rectifier applications is demonstrated by means of a constructed hardware prototype.
Class Cariacotrichea, a novel ciliate taxon from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela (2011)

The majority of environmental micro-organisms identified with the rRNA approach have never been visualized. Thus, their reliable classification and taxonomic assignment is often difficult or even impossible. In our preliminary 18S rRNA gene sequencing work from the world's largest anoxic marine environment, the Cariaco Basin (Caribbean Sea, Venezuela), we detected a ciliate clade, designated previously as CAR_H [Stoeck, S., Taylor, G. T. & Epstein, S. S. (2003). Appl Environ Microbiol 63, 5656-5663]. Here, we combine the traditional rRNA detection method of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confirm the phylogenetic separation of the CAR_H sequences from all other ciliate classes by showing an outstanding morphological feature of this group: a unique, archway-shaped kinety surrounding the oral apparatus and extending to the posterior body end in CAR_H cells. Based on this specific feature and the molecular phylogenies, we propose a novel ciliate class, Cariacotrichea nov. cl.
Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems (2016)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) bands have attracted considerable recent interest for next-generation cellular systems due to the massive available spectrum at these frequencies. However, a key challenge in designing mmWave cellular systems is initial access-the procedure by which a mobile device establishes an initial link-layer connection to a cell. MmWave communication relies on highly directional transmissions and the initial access procedure must thus provide a mechanism by which initial transmission directions can be searched in a potentially large angular space. Design options are compared considering different scanning and signaling procedures to evaluate access delay and system overhead. The channel structure and multiple access issues are also considered. The results of our analysis demonstrate significant benefits of low-resolution fully digital architectures in comparison with single stream analog beamforming.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of canakinumab in patients with gouty arthritis (2013)

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anti-interleukin (IL)-1β monoclonal antibody, canakinumab, in gouty arthritis patients from three studies are reported. Canakinumab has low serum clearance (0.214 L/day), low steady-state volume of distribution (7.44 L), a 25.8-day half-life, and approximately 60% subcutaneous absolute bioavailability in a typical 93-kg patient. Creatinine clearance had a small positive impact on serum canakinumab clearance that is not likely to be clinically relevant. Binding to circulating IL-1β was demonstrated by increases in total serum IL-1β following canakinumab dosing. Total IL-1β kinetics and canakinumab pharmacokinetics were characterized by a population-based pharmacokinetic-binding model, where the estimated apparent in vivo dissociation constant (signifying binding affinity of canakinumab to circulating IL-1β) was 0.99 nmol/L in gouty arthritis patients. Canakinumab treatment provided rapid, sustained decreases in C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A, provided superior pain relief to triamcinolone acetonide, and increased time to first recurrent attack (P ≤ 0.01 favoring all canakinumab doses vs. triamcinolone acetonide).
Directional Audio Coding: Virtual Microphone-Based Synthesis and Subjective Evaluation (2009)

Directional audio coding (DirAC) is a perceptually motivated technique for spatial audio processing. One aim of DirAC is the high-quality reproduction of spatial audio using existing microphones and a surround loudspeaker setup. DirAC analyzes in short-time windows the sound spectrum together with the direction and diffuseness in the frequency bands of human hearing, and uses this information in the synthesis of spatial audio. Previous DirAC technology is extended by presenting an enhanced way of utilizing virtual microphones in synthesis. Subjective evaluations in both an anechoic chamber and a listening room are also presented. In a direct comparison with a reference scenario generated by using a large number of loudspeakers, the average perceived quality of reproduction of DirAC was excellent or good in almost all listening conditions. DirAC fared well, without problems, for all loudspeaker configurations tested.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFICIENT SYNTHESES OF INSECT SEX PHEROMONES EMITTED BY THE BOLL WEEVIL AND THE RED BOLLWORM MOTH (1979)

Abstract Dimedon (Ia) reagiert über das Tosylhydrazon (Ib) zum Dimethylcyclohexenon (II), das zum 3,3‐Dimethyl‐cyclohexanon (III) hydriert wird.
Hepatic lipase overexpression lowers remnant and LDL levels by a noncatalytic mechanism in LDL receptor-deficient mice. (2001)

To address the role of the noncatalytic ligand function of hepatic lipase (HL) in low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-mediated lipoprotein metabolism, we characterized transgenic mice lacking the LDL receptor (LDLR) that express either catalytically active (Ldlr(-/-)HL) or inactive (Ldlr(-/-)HL(S145G)) human HL on both chow and high fat diets and compared them with nontransgenic Ldlr(-/-) mice. In mice fed a chow diet, apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoprotein levels were 40-60% lower in Ldlr(-/-)HL and Ldlr(-/-)HL(S145G) mice than in Ldlr(-/-) mice. This decrease was mainly reflected by decreased apoB-48 levels in the Ldlr(-/-)HL mice and by decreased apoB-100 levels in Ldlr(-/-) HL(S145G) mice. These findings indicate that HL can reduce apoB-100-containing lipoproteins through a noncatalytic ligand activity that is independent of the LDLR. Cholesterol enrichment of the apoB-containing lipoproteins induced by feeding Ldlr(-/-)HL and Ldlr(-/-)HL(S145G) mice a cholesterol-enriched high fat (Western) diet resulted in parallel decreases in both apoB-100 and apoB-48 levels, indicating that HL is particularly efficient at reducing cholesterol-enriched apoB-containing lipoproteins through both catalytic and noncatalytic mechanisms. These data suggest that the noncatalytic function of HL provides an alternate clearance pathway for apoB-100- and apoB-48-containing lipoproteins that is independent of the LDLR and that contributes to the clearance of high density lipoproteins.
Laser-power stabilization using a quantum-well modulator (1992)

A novel method for laser-power stabilization using a multiple quantum-well reflection electroabsorption modulator with a Fabry-Perot cavity is demonstrated. Stable operation of the modulator produces a linear relationship between control current and optical absorption which permits the realization of noninterferometric optical subtraction and the implementation of a negative feedback architecture. Using this stabilization technique and a modulator with a 70% reflectivity change, intensity noise as large as +or-75% of the incident level can be eliminated from a noisy laser beam.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tetraaryltetraanthra[2,3]porphyrins: Synthesis, Structure, and Optical Properties (2012)

A synthetic route to symmetrical tetraaryltetraanthra[2,3]porphyrins (Ar(4)TAPs) was developed. Ar(4)TAPs bearing various substituents in meso-phenyls and anthracene residues were prepared from the corresponding pyrrolic precursors. The synthesized porphyrins possess high solubility and exhibit remarkably strong absorption bands in the near-infrared region (790-950 nm). The scope of the method, selection of the peripheral substituents, choice of the metal, and their influence on the optical properties are discussed together with the first X-ray crystallographic data for anthraporphyrin.
Production of Proteins in Bacteria and Yeast (2007)

The human body functions properly only when thousands of bioactive peptides and proteins – hormones, lymphokines, interferons, various enzymes – are produced in precisely regulated amounts, and serious diseases result whenever any of these macromolecules are in short supply. Until 1982, however, the only available pharmaceutical preparations of these peptides and proteins for the treatment of such diseases were obtained from animal sources, and they were sometimes prohibitively expensive. Bioactive proteins and peptides typically occur at low concentrations in animal tissues, so it was difficult to purify significant amounts for medical use. Some important proteins, such as pituitary growth hormone, differ in animals and humans to the extent that a preparation of animal origin is useless for treating humans. Finally, it was extremely difficult to isolate labile macromolecules from human and animal tissues without running some risk that the products might be contaminated by viral particles and viral nucleic acids.
The oxidative inducation test applied to medical PVC and other polymers (1991)

Abstract We have examined the applicability of this simple and effective test to polymer systems widely used in the medical industry. First, it was found that not every polymer examined exhibited a distinct onset of autocatalytic oxidation detectable by DSC. However, for cases where distinct onsets are found, powerful insights can be obtained. These included activation energy of the degradation, thermal oxidative shelf life prediction, and correlation, with product performances. Actual examples are presented to illustrate the utility of the test.
Byzantine agreement with a minimum number of messages both in the faultless and worst case (2002)

A known lower bound for the number of messages in the worst case for all synchronous authenticated Byzantine agreement protocols (BAPs) for any t < m is /spl Omega/(m + t/sup 2/). A BAP is given for any t < m which achieves this bound and minimizes the number of messages for the faultless case to m-1. This shows that minimizing the number of messages in the faultless ase can be achieved without an additional amount of messages. If the faultless case is the usual case, a high number of messages will no longer be a counterargument against the employment of BAPs in practice.
Abstract 16051: Pattern and Behavior of Electrocardiographic Changes in Patients Undergoing Repair of Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Arteries (2020)

Introduction: Surgical repair in anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) aims at mitigating the risk of sudden cardiac death in a subset of patients (pts). The pattern and behavior of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in a large cohort of these pts is lacking. We aim to describe post-operative (post-op) ECG changes in this population with medium term follow up (f/u). Methods: Observational study evaluating ECGs before and after surgery to describe peri-operative changes through f/u. All patients &lt;21 years (yrs) with AAOCA were prospectively evaluated and managed following a standardized approach from 12/2012-11/2019. A subset underwent repair given high-risk features. ECGs were reviewed at 5 specific time intervals from pre-operative (pre-op) to 90-day post-op f/u. Significant findings included new ST elevation (STE), T wave inversion (TWI) and/or new q waves. Results: A total of 64 pts were identified (median age 13.7 yrs, 64% male). Two patients had evidence of STE and TWI pre-op and were not included. Of 62 pts: 47 (75%) had new STE early post-op and all but 1 had resolution at 90-day f/u; 50 (81%) had no evidence of new TWI or q waves early post-op and 96% of these remained stable at 90-day f/u. Conversely, 12 (19%) had new TWI in the early post-op: 8 had isolated changes (75% resolved at 90 days) and 4 associated with new q waves (50% resolved at 90 days). Including all ECG changes in the total cohort, 92% resolved completely at 90-day f/u. In those pts (8%) with persistent changes, none required late reintervention and all but 1 were cleared for return to exercise. All patients were alive at medium f/u of 4 yrs (IQR 2-6) with normal ventricular function. Conclusions: New STE is a common finding in the early post-op period following repair of AAOCA and is not correlated with persistent ECG changes at 90-day follow up. TWI is infrequently seen but less likely to resolve if associated with new q waves. Despite these changes in the early post-op, clinical outcomes medium-term are excellent.
Identification and characterization of two members of a novel class of the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family. Delineation of a new class of IL-1R-related proteins based on signaling. (2000)

Page 29954: We inadvertently failed to reference a previous publication of the sequence that we called TIGIRR-1. That sequence had been published previously with the name IL1RAPL2 (GenBank™ accession number AF181285) in an article by Jin et al., “Two novel members of the interleukin-1 receptor gene family, one deleted in Xp22.1-Xp21.3 mental retardation” (Jin, H., Gardner, R. J., Viswesvaraiah, R., Muntoni, F., and Roberts, R. G. (2000) Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 8,87–94). We wish to apologize for our oversight.
Orchidectomy Induces Temporal and Regional Changes in the Processing of the Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Prohormone in the Rat Brain (1988)

The structures of the complementary DNA (cDNA) that encode the rat and human hypothalamic LHRH prohormones were recently determined and the corresponding amino acid sequences deduced. In addition to the LHRH decapeptide, the prohormone contains a 56-amino acid peptide sequence which has been designated gonadotropin-releasing hormone associated peptide (GAP). In the present study we examined the effect of orchidectomy on LHRH prohormone processing in three brain regions known to contain the various elements of the LHRH neuronal system; the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area, the hypothalamus (HYP), and the median eminence. Both LHRH-like and GAP-like immunoreactivities (LHRH-LI and GAP-LI) were quantitated in these regions in intact male rats and male rats orchidectomized for 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, or 40 days. In addition, the LHRH and GAP immunoreactivities were localized and the effects of orchidectomy examined using immunocytochemical techniques. One day after orchidectomy, a small decrease in GAP-LI and an increase in LHRH-LI were evident in extracts of the preopticanterior hypothalamic area which resulted in a significant decrease in the GAP/LHRH molar ratio. A similar selective decrease in GAP-LI and in the GAP/LHRH molar ratio was also observed in extracts of the HYP, but not until 2 days after orchidectomy. The GAP/LHRH ratio in both regions gradually returned to that of the intact controls. In both the HYP and median eminence, GAP-LI and LHRH-LI gradually declined in parallel through 14 days after orchidectomy. The gradual loss of immunoreactivity in these regions was evident by both RIA quantification and immunocytochemistry. These observations suggest that 1) production and processing of both LHRH and its prohormone are affected by testicular factors, 2) that divergent enzyme and/or transport systems, regulating LHRH and GAP processing, may exist at the level of the perikarya, and 3) long term orchidectomy results in decreased biosynthesis of the prohormone and/or in parallel increases in LHRH and GAP degradation or transport.