gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial discharges measured at semi-square voltages (2006)

The increased use of power electronic devices in power systems cause voltage wave forms containing considerably higher frequency components than 50 Hz or 60 Hz. In such cases, detection of partial discharges (PDs) becomes difficult and the conventional approach for detection no longer works. Studies of square-like voltages have earlier shown that PDs occur during the voltage rise. Therefore, it is important to be able to measure also in this region, to understand the behaviour of the PDs. In this study, PDs were detected at so called "semi-square voltages" of two different voltage levels, in a wide range of rise times. Distributions of the voltages where PDs occurred are discussed. The PD signal was detected using a coupling device consisting of a low order high pass filter, a high resolution digitizer and software processing of the digitized records. This technique enables wideband PD detection very close to the switching instant. Subtraction of an accumulated sum of earlier traces of the PD signal improved the detection possibilities. The high voltage applied to the test object could also be reconstructed from a signal detected at the coupling device.
Extended data rates for next generation UWB (2008)

For UWB to be a competitive solution, its next generation design must support higher data rates than those proposed by ECMA 368. The purpose of this paper is to investigate methods to double the UWB current maximum data rate. The options considered are 16-QAM and bandwidth expansion. The potential solutions to double the data rates are compared in terms of system performance. Three metrics are used as figure of merit for such comparison.
Direct antiviral properties of TLR ligands against HBV replication in immune-competent hepatocytes (2018)

Current therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are effective at decreasing the viral load in serum, but do not lead to viral eradication. Recent studies highlighted the therapeutic or "adjuvant" potential of immune-modulators. Our aim was to explore the direct anti-HBV effect of Toll-Like-Receptors (TLR) agonists in hepatocytes. HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHH) or differentiated HepaRG cells (dHepaRG) were treated with various TLR agonists. Amongst all TLR ligands tested, Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2-ligand) and poly(I:C)-(HMW) (TLR3/MDA5-ligand) were the best at reducing all HBV parameters. No or little viral rebound was observed after treatment arrest, implying a long-lasting effect on cccDNA. We also tested Riboxxol that features improved TLR3 specificity compared to poly(I:C)-(HMW). This agonist demonstrated a potent antiviral effect in HBV-infected PHH. Whereas, poly(I:C)-(HMW) and Pam3CSK4 mainly induced the expression of classical genes from the interferon or NF-κB pathway respectively, Riboxxol had a mixed phenotype. Moreover, TLR2 and TLR3 ligands can activate hepatocytes and immune cells, as demonstrated by antiviral cytokines produced by stimulated hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In conclusion, our data highlight the potential of innate immunity activation in the direct control of HBV replication in hepatocytes, and support the development of TLR-based antiviral strategies.
[Antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin S760 produced by Enterococcus faecium strain LWP760]. (2011)

Antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin S760 (enterocin) produced by Enterococcusfaecium strain LWP760 was studied. Bacteriocin S760 is a cationic, hydrophobic, and heat stable peptide with the molecular weight of 5.5 kDa and pl of 9.8. Enterocin S760 is shown to inhibit in vitro the growth both of sensitive and resistant to antibacterials gramnegative and grampositive bacteria of 25 species. MICs of the bacteriocin S760 vary between 0.05-1.6 mg/l for Escherichia coli 0157:H117, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Listeria monocytogenes and Clostridium perfringens, that are main food-borne pathogens, and from 0.4-1.6 mg/l for Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Corynebacterium diphteriae. It is also active against antibioticresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii (with MICs of 0.05-3 mg/l), Klebsiella pneumoniae (with MICs of 6 mg/l), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (with MICs of 0.4-25 mg/1), as well against fungi belonging to species of Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Aspergillus niger (with MICs of 0.1-0.2 mg/l). Enterocin S760 is a novel antimicrobial agents useful in medicine, veterinary and food industry.
A Reliability Odometer - Lemon Check Your Processor! (2004)

Guaranteeing long processor lifetimes by limiting the on-set of wear-out or hard failures is a critical requirement for all processor manufacturers [3, 4]. In addition, lifetime predictability is also crucial from the point of view of service replacements, avoiding down-time, etc. This is particularly true for vendors of high-end servers where predictable reliability is an implicit requirement. However, processors running different applications exhibit a large range of lifetimes based on application characteristics like power consumption and temperature. More importantly, this range is rapidly increasing as we scale to deep sub-micron technologies [4]. Hence, due to the variety of applications run on a typical processor, and the inherently unpredictable nature of these applications, guaranteeing processor lifetimes is becoming increasingly difficult, if not impossible. One current approach to handling this unpredictability is to over-design systems from a reliability standpoint. However, this is expensive, and curtails performance and yield, making design more expensive and eating into profits. There is a clear need to dynamically track processor wear-out and predict hard error outages. In high-end server class processors, this can be used to preempt service failures minimizing expensive periods of down-time. Even in lower-end systems, tracking reliability statistics dynamically can be a useful feature. For example, in large processor farms, by monitoring wear-out, we can better balance lifetimes across many processors by intelligently distributing applications. Additionally, hardware adaptation techniques like Dynamic Reliability Management (DRM) [3] have been proposed to allow the microarchitecture to tradeoff performance and reliability on the fly. Such techniques also require dynamic reliability monitoring. Finally, there is a large market for used hardware, particularly among network processors and high-end server processors [1, 2]. Knowledge of pre-existing wear-out and usage information for such hardware would be immensely useful in pricing and warranty certification.
Infrared spectrum of a single resin bead for real-time monitoring of solid-phase reactions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared spectrum of a single resin bead for real-time monitoring of solid-phase reactionsBing Yan, Gnanasambandam Kumaravel, Harshad Anjaria, Aiyin Wu, Russell C. Petter, Charles F. Jewell Jr., and James R. WareingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 17, 5736–5738Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00122a077RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views518Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (898 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Photonic metamaterial surfaces for digital resolution biosensor microscopies using enhanced absorption, scattering, and emission (2021)

Newly demonstrated advanced biosensor imaging technologies utilize the unique electromagnetic capabilities of photonic metamaterials to enhance the interaction between light and biological matter. The resulting capabilities address gaps in existing technologies for biomolecular analysis that rely upon enzymatic and chemical amplification, costly instrumentation, and complex assay protocols. Through amplification of the excitation/extraction efficiency of light emitting tags, absorption efficiency of nanoparticle tags, and scattering efficiency of biological analytes, technology platforms have been demonstrated that are capable of ultrasensitive, digital-resolution, room temperature, isothermal, rapid, and highly quantitative biomolecular analysis.
Localization attacks and countermeasures in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Wireless sensor networks monitor the environment by measuring various physical phenomena. These measurements, and consequently the quantities computed from them, frequently contain a certain amount of error. One of the basic tasks that handles inaccurate measurements is location discovery, a process where nodes in the network estimate their actual locations. We have focused on uncertainties in location discovery as the primary target of our study because many sensor network applications are dependent on location information, and therefore uncertainties in location information can affect performances of such applications. 
The technical highlight of our work is a statistically validated parameterized model of location errors that can be used to evaluate the impact of a location discovery algorithm on subsequent tasks. We propose estimators of the unknown parameters of the location error, derived from inconsistencies between the final location estimates and the initial distance measurements. We demonstrate that the numerical results in applications that require locations from the majority of nodes are more impacted by the location error, while the impact of location error on the results is more predictable. Finally, we describe how applications can organize resource consumption to achieve optimal results in the presence of the estimated magnitude of error. 
The second major topic we focus on in this work is the extent to which malicious beacons can reduce the accuracy of the location estimates. We examine the optimal strategies for malicious beacons under varying level of information that the malicious beacons have about distribution of the distance measurement error, deployed outlier detection algorithms in the network, and the number and the distribution of beacons in the network. Then, we propose an outlier generation algorithm that exploits flip ambiguities (bad geometries) when appropriate, or moves the location estimate away from the original estimate along the direction of the least resistant path. We also show that outlier detection algorithms based on linear models do not perform well in the presence of flip ambiguities (bad geometries), and we propose an improved adjustable algorithm that detects flip ambiguities. 
Finally, we show the importance of error models in validating performances of location-dependent algorithms in sensor networks, and we derive an error model based on real acoustic data measurements.
Influence of Ge addition on phase formation and electromagnetic properties in internal tin processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wires (2001)

In order to investigate the effect of Ge addition to the Cu matrix on the microstructure and the critical current density, four kinds of internal tin processed Nb/sub 3/Sn strands with pure Cu and Cu-0.2, 0.4, 0.6 wt% Ge alloys were drawn to 0.8 mm diameter. The microstructure and critical current of internal tin processed Nb/sub 3/Sn wires that were heat treated at temperatures ranging from 680/spl deg/C to 740/spl deg/C for 240 h were investigated. The Ge addition to the matrix did not make workability worse. A Ge rich layer in the Cu-Ge matrix suppressed the growth of the Nb/sub 3/Sn layer and promoted grain coarsening. The greater the Ge content in the matrix, the fewer the net J/sub c/ result after Nb/sub 3/Sn reaction heat treatment. There was no significant variation in J/sub c/ observed with heat treatment temperature ranging from 680/spl deg/C to 740/spl deg/C.
SFly: Swarm of micro flying robots (2012)

The SFly project is an EU-funded project, with the goal to create a swarm of autonomous vision controlled micro aerial vehicles. The mission in mind is that a swarm of MAV's autonomously maps out an unknown environment, computes optimal surveillance positions and places the MAV's there and then locates radio beacons in this environment. The scope of the work includes contributions on multiple different levels ranging from theoretical foundations to hardware design and embedded programming. One of the contributions is the development of a new MAV, a hexacopter, equipped with enough processing power for onboard computer vision. A major contribution is the development of monocular visual SLAM that runs in real-time onboard of the MAV. The visual SLAM results are fused with IMU measurements and are used to stabilize and control the MAV. This enables autonomous flight of the MAV, without the need of a data link to a ground station. Within this scope novel analytical solutions for fusing IMU and vision measurements have been derived. In addition to the realtime local SLAM, an offline dense mapping process has been developed. For this the MAV's are equipped with a payload of a stereo camera system. The dense environment map is used to compute optimal surveillance positions for a swarm of MAV's. For this an optimiziation technique based on cognitive adaptive optimization has been developed. Finally, the MAV's have been equipped with radio transceivers and a method has been developed to locate radio beacons in the observed environment.
Conserved Features and Evolutionary Shifts of the EDA Signaling Pathway Involved in Vertebrate Skin Appendage Development (2008)

It is widely accepted that evolutionary changes in conserved developmental signaling pathways play an important role in morphological evolution. However, few in silico studies were interested in tracking such changes in a signaling pathway. The Ectodysplasin (EDA) pathway provides an opportunity to fill this gap because it is involved in vertebrate skin appendage development such as scales, teeth, hair, and feathers that take an obvious part in the adaptation of species to their environment. We benefited from the large amount of genomic data now available to explore the evolution of the upstream genes of the EDA pathway. In mammals, these genes are eda (encoding 2 ligands, EDA-A1 and EDA-A2), edar (EDA-A1 receptor), edaradd (EDA receptor [EDAR] adapter), xedar (EDA-A2 receptor), and troy (a XEDAR-related receptor). We show that the evolution of EDA pathway genes combines both strongly conserved features and evolutionary shifts. These shifts are found at different signaling levels (from the ligand to intracellular signaling) and at different taxonomic levels (class, suborder, and genera). Although conserved features likely participate to the similarities found in the early development of vertebrate skin appendages, these shifts might account for innovations and specializations. Moreover, our study demonstrates that we can now benefit from the large number of sequenced vertebrate genomes to explore the evolution of specific signaling pathways and thereby to open new perspectives for developmental biology and evolutionary developmental biology.
Thermal fatigue life evaluation of substrate with Cu through-hole considering the mechanical properties of Cu thin film and glass fiber cloths structure (2014)

In this study, the thermal fatigue life of substrate with Cu through-hole is evaluated by considering the mechanical properties of Cu thin film and glass fiber cloths structure. We first conducted tensile tests of Cu thin film and found that the rate-dependence of inelastic property varies abruptly with temperature. An inelastic constitutive model for Cu thin film is then proposed by combining both rate-independent and rate-dependent models. The proposed inelastic constitutive model is introduced in a Finite Element Method based analysis of glass epoxy substrate with Cu through-hole. Moreover, low cycle tests of Cu thin film are carried out by using repeated 4-point bending to evaluate its isothermal fatigue properties. Through our analysis we verified the capability of the proposed model to predict thermal fatigue life of Cu through-hole using the isothermal fatigue properties. The results show that the glass fiber cloths structure of the substrate needs to be considered in order to successfully predict the thermal fatigue life of the Cu through-hole.
Recent Advances in In Vivo Neurochemical Monitoring (2021)

The brain is a complex network that accounts for only 5% of human mass but consumes 20% of our energy. Uncovering the mysteries of the brain's functions in motion, memory, learning, behavior, and mental health remains a hot but challenging topic. Neurochemicals in the brain, such as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, gliotransmitters, hormones, and metabolism substrates and products, play vital roles in mediating and modulating normal brain function, and their abnormal release or imbalanced concentrations can cause various diseases, such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. A wide range of techniques have been used to probe the concentrations of neurochemicals under normal, stimulated, diseased, and drug-induced conditions in order to understand the neurochemistry of drug mechanisms and develop diagnostic tools or therapies. Recent advancements in detection methods, device fabrication, and new materials have resulted in the development of neurochemical sensors with improved performance. However, direct in vivo measurements require a robust sensor that is highly sensitive and selective with minimal fouling and reduced inflammatory foreign body responses. Here, we review recent advances in neurochemical sensor development for in vivo studies, with a focus on electrochemical and optical probes. Other alternative methods are also compared. We discuss in detail the in vivo challenges for these methods and provide an outlook for future directions.
Structural and biochemical characterization of the laminarinaseZgLamCGH16fromZobellia galactanivoranssuggests preferred recognition of branched laminarin (2015)

Laminarin is a β-1,3-D-glucan displaying occasional β-1,6 branches. This storage polysaccharide of brown algae constitutes an abundant source of carbon for marine bacteria such as Zobellia galactanivorans. This marine member of the Bacteroidetes possesses five putative β-1,3-glucanases [four belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (GH16) and one to GH64] with various modular architectures. Here, the characterization of the β-glucanase ZgLamC is reported. The catalytic GH16 module (ZgLamCGH16) was produced in Escherichia coli and purified. This recombinant enzyme has a preferential specificity for laminarin but also a significant activity on mixed-linked glucan (MLG). The structure of an inactive mutant of ZgLamCGH16 in complex with a thio-β-1,3-hexaglucan substrate unravelled a straight active-site cleft with three additional pockets flanking subsites -1, -2 and -3. These lateral pockets are occupied by a glycerol, an acetate ion and a chloride ion, respectively. The presence of these molecules in the vicinity of the O6 hydroxyl group of each glucose moiety suggests that ZgLamCGH16 accommodates branched laminarins as substrates. Altogether, ZgLamC is a secreted laminarinase that is likely to be involved in the initial step of degradation of branched laminarin, while the previously characterized ZgLamA efficiently degrades unbranched laminarin and oligo-laminarins.
Passive integration and RF MEMS: a toolkit for adaptive LC circuits (2004)

RF MEMS variable capacitors have been realized in an industrialized thin-film process for manufacturing high-quality inductors and capacitors on high-ohmic silicon. The fixed as well as the moveable electrode consists of aluminium, the native aluminium oxide is used as a dielectric. A tuning ratio of 1.35 and a switching ratio up to 29 have been measured. At RF frequencies they show low ohmic losses, which make them very suitable for use in high-quality adaptive LC networks. The feasibility of the application of switched capacitors for load switching in GSM power amplifiers has been demonstrated through simulations based on experimentally derived components and systems parameters.
Search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to two bottom quarks inppcollisions ats=8  TeVwith the ATLAS detector (2016)

Higgs boson decaying to two bottom quarks in pp collisions at ffiffi s p 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Role of sunscreen formulation and photostability to protect the biomechanical barrier function of skin (2019)

The impact of sunscreen formulations on the barrier properties of human skin are often overlooked leading to formulations with components whose effects on barrier mechanical integrity are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the relevance of carrier selection and sunscreen photostability when designing sunscreen formulations to protect the biomechanical barrier properties of human stratum corneum (SC) from solar ultraviolet (UV) damage. Biomechanical properties of SC samples were assayed after accelerated UVB damage through measurements of the SC's mechanical stress profile and corneocyte cohesion. A narrowband UVB (305-315 nm) lamp was used to expose SC samples to 5, 30, 125, and 265 J cm<sup>-2</sup> in order to magnify damage to the mechanical properties of the tissue and characterize the UV degradation dose response such that effects from smaller UV dosages can be extrapolated. Stresses in the SC decreased when treated with sunscreen components, highlighting their effect on the skin prior to UV exposure. Stresses increased with UVB exposure and in specimens treated with different sunscreens stresses varied dramatically at high UVB dosages. Specimens treated with sunscreen components without UVB exposure exhibited altered corneocyte cohesion. Both sunscreens studied prevented alteration of corneocyte cohesion by low UVB dosages, but differences in protection were observed at higher UVB dosages indicating UV degradation of one sunscreen. These results indicate the protection of individual sunscreen components vary over a range of UVB dosages, and components can even cause alteration of the biomechanical barrier properties of human SC before UV exposure. Therefore, detailed characterization of sunscreen formulation components is required to design robust protection from UV damage.