gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends and Future Challenges of 3D NAND Flash Memory (2023)

NAND flash memory industry has made significant progress in the density and technology since the introduction of 3D NAND flash memory. It took only a few years to change the mainstream of the NAND flash memory from 2D NAND to 3D NAND thanks to its superior cell characteristics with bit cost scalability in spite of the difficulties in process. Up to now, 3D NAND technology also has been advancing rapidly, driving bit growth scaling with the increase in the number of vertical word lines. However, NAND flash memory industry is constantly encountering the new challenges in terms of the capacity and performance. In this paper, we review trends and key technologies during the evolution of 3D NAND flash memory and the challenges NAND industry need to solve to meet the growing market requirement.
Preleukemic expression of TL antigens in x-irradiated C57BL/6 mice. (1977)

Anomalous appearance of TL (thymus-leukemia) antigens is a characteristic feature of radiation-induced leukemias of C57bl/6 mice. We now report that thymocytes of irradiated C57BL/6 mice express TL antigens long before the development of overt leukemia. Thus, TL is a marker for preleukemic changes occurring during radiation leukemogenesis. Low levels of murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related antigens are also detected on preleukemic thymocytes. Comparative tests on individual mice show no direct correlation between TL and MuLV antigen expression.
Transition metal initiated cationic photopolymerization (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition metal initiated cationic photopolymerizationMichael E. Woodhouse, Frederick D. Lewis, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 3, 996–998Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00471a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00471a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thin-Film Micro-Fuse with a Novel Structure Prepared by Ag Vapor Deposition Modulation Based on Organic Photochromism (2013)

The sheet resistance (Rs) of a structure prepared by Ag vapor deposition on an organic photochromic diarylethene (DAE) surface was modulated at a substrate temperature (Tsub) of 50 °C. The Rs of a Ag film on the uncolored DAE surface was over 106 times higher than that on a colored DAE surface. Such a Ag film with a high Rs was formed by a structure consisting of small Ag nanocrystals. We propose a thin-film micro-fuse (µ-fuse) with a novel structure based on Ag deposition modulation on the DAE surface. The µ-fuse with 700 µm size blew at a current level of 350 mA at 4.5 V.
Delayed induction and long-term effects of mild hypothermia in a focal model of transient cerebral ischemia: neurological outcome and infarct size (2001)

Mild hypothermia conferred significant degrees of neuroprotection in terms of survival, behavioral deficits, and histopathological changes, even when its induction was delayed by 120 minutes after onset of MCA occlusion (p < 0.05) compared with normothermic conditions. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of mild hypothermia (2-hour duration) that was induced during the ischemia period was sustained over 2 months. These studies lend further support to the use of mild hypothermia in the treatment of stroke.
Structure characterization of nanocrystalline porous materials by tomographic electron diffraction (2015)

Abstract Several porous phases have been characterized in the last years by tomographic electron diffraction. This paper provides an overview of the analyzed phases, pointing out the difficulties associated with different classes of materials or specific sample characteristics. The two methods for tomographic electron diffraction acquisition, automated diffraction tomography and rotation electron diffraction, are described in detail, as well as data reduction algorithms. Attainments and limits of different structure determination and refinement algorithms are discussed for inorganic, organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials. Finally, it is shown how tomographic electron diffraction and X-ray powder diffraction data can be combined for a comprehensive characterization of porous materials.
Abstract IA1: Physiological and pathological functions of microRNAs (2012)

Abstract microRNAs have emerged as major regulators of the functions of genes in multicellular organisms. They generally and perhaps always act as reducers of the protein output from a given mRNA allotment generated from a particular gene. However, when acting on mRNAs that function in a regulated pathway, they can either inhibit or augment the output from that pathway depending on whether they act on inhibitory gene transcripts or activating gene transcripts. We have concentrated on miRs that function within the circuitry of the hematopoietic system, focusing on those that impinge on innate and adaptive immune responses. We have found that miR-146a acts as a classic negative regulator of inflammation while miR-155 acts as a positive regulator by targeting inhibitory proteins. A miR that has particularly interested us recently is miR125b, which both acts during the development of hematopoietic cells from the hematopoietic stem cell and modulates the function of myeloid cells. In all of this work, we have relied on mouse knockouts, siRNA knockouts and overproducing constructs to probe miR function and have been impressed by the ease with which these genetic manipulations can lead to hyperproliferation and cancer. Overexpression of miR-125b leads to particularly rapid induction of very aggressive tumor cells that can be of either the myeloid or lymphoid lineage. The developmental origin of these tumors is under investigation. microRNAs have been seen as modulators of gene expression. Because it is becoming clear that they are so powerful in their physiological and pathological properties, it seems more appropriate to now consider them as co-regulators of gene expression, partners with transcription factors in determining the functional outcome of developmental and regulatory pathways. Citation Format: David Baltimore. Physiological and pathological functions of microRNAs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA1.
Novel Synthesis of Ureas: Application of t-Butylureas (2010)

Otherwise inaccessible tropolonylureas were prepared by reaction of t-butylurea with appropriate amines, with elimination of t-butylamine. This method is also generally applicable for urea synthesis.
Electron beam effects on polymers. II. Surface modification of bis‐GMA substrates by functionalized siloxane oligomers (1989)

Abstract Surface modification of polymer films via electron beam irradiation was studied using the methacrylic acid derivative of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, commonly called bis‐GMA, as a curable substrate. Functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oligomers were utilized as surface modifiers. Considerable changes in the wetting characteristics were observed for the siloxane modified bis‐GMA surfaces by critical surface tension measurement. For dosages up to 5 Mrads, the dosage level strongly affects the critical surface tension of the polymer. This result implies differences in the concentration of the attached PDMS oligomers to the bis‐GMA substrate. The methacrylate‐terminated PDMS was observed to be more effective in lowering the critical surface tension than a similar vinyl‐terminated PDMS. Higher molecular weight and multifunctional PDMS coatings resulted in somewhat lower critical surface tensions in the dosage range applied in this study. The surface thickness of the functionalized PDMS coatings which were bonded to the substrate surface depended on the molecular weight of the surface modifiers as obtained by XPS analysis. Peel tests of the uncoated and PDMS coated bis‐GMA clearly resulted in agreement with the critical surface tension data. Chemical inertness and poor wettability of PDMS provided the PDMS coatings with enhanced resistance to chemical degradation caused by a 24‐h exposure to aqueous nitric and acetic acid.
Micromachined Thermal Multimorph Actuators Fabricated by Bulk-etched MUMPs Process (2004)

Micromachined thermal multimorph actuators for out-of-plane displacements have been designed and fabricated by Multi-Users MEMS Process (MUMPs) with a post-processing bulk etching step. Micromachined actuators have potential applications in micromanipulation and nanoposition such as manipulation of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tips, nanopositioner for nano-assembly, micro/nanorobots and cantilever-based nanosensors. The actuator consists of a multilayer micromachined beam constructed of various combinations of polysilicon, oxide and metal layers. The multimorph is heat by applying current to an embedded polysilicon wire to achieve beam bending The maximum tip deflection of 2.5 Pm with an input power of 40 mW is achieved. The maximum operating frequency of 2.7 kHz is measured by focus laser reflecting method. A design methodology, device fabrication, and device characterization are presented.
Risk Adjustment is Necessary for Bundled TKA Patients (2019)

With health care costs in the United States rising at an exponential rate, providers, payers, and policymakers have all sought to develop alternative payment models to seek value in care. For procedures such as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which accounts for Medicare’s largest inpatient expenditure, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and private insurers have introduced bundled payment programs aimed at reducing cost and improving the quality of patient care. Although traditionally, TKA has been reimbursed by Medicare through a fee-for-service model rewarding quantity of services provided versus quality of service, the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative (BPCI) and the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Model (CJR) seek to align incentives among providers and health care systems by providing a single payment for all services rendered during an episode of care for TKA. Although early published data from these programs suggests substantial cost savings to CMS without an increase in complications, concerns exist regarding access to care for patients who may utilize more resources in an episode of care. Without appropriate risk adjustment, providers are disincentivize to perform TKA on patients at risk for complications and readmissions. Alternative payment models have reduced costs and improved patient outcomes by incentivizing providers to optimize modifiable risk factors before elective TKA, including glycemic control, smoking, body mass index, and malnutrition. Several studies, however, have shown that nonmodifiable risk factors including advanced age, lower socioeconomic status, and several medical and orthopaedic comorbidities are costlier to the health care system following TKA. These patients may face difficulty obtaining quality arthroplasty care with the expansion of bundled payment programs. In order to protect access to care, alternative payment models should not penalize surgeons and hospitals for caring for complex patients and instead provide appropriate, fair, risk-adjusted payments.
CCR Translation on this Article from CpG Island Methylator Phenotype Associates with Low-Degree Chromosomal Abnormalities in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

CCR Translation on this Article from CpG Island Methylator Phenotype Associates with Low-Degree Chromosomal Abnormalities in Colorectal Cancer
The painful metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (2009)

We carried out metal artefact-reduction MRI, three-dimensional CT measurement of the position of the component and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of cobalt and chromium levels in whole blood on 26 patients with unexplained pain following metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty. MRI showed periprosthetic lesions around 16 hips, with 14 collections of fluid and two soft-tissue masses. The lesions were seen in both men and women and in symptomatic and asymptomatic hips. Using three-dimensional CT, the median inclination of the acetabular component was found to be 55 degrees and its positioning was outside the Lewinnek safe zone in 13 of 16 cases. Using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the levels of blood metal ions tended to be higher in painful compared with well-functioning metal-on-metal hips. These three clinically useful investigations can help to determine the cause of failure of the implant, predict the need for future revision and aid the choice of revision prostheses.
Radiation damage in ferroelectric thin-film memories (1991)

AbstractA brief review of radiation damage in ferroelectrics is given, with special attention to thin films.
Path Computation Element communication Protocol extension for signaling LSP diversity constraint (2016)

This document introduces a simple mechanism to signal path diversity
for a group of Label Switched Paths (LSPs) via an extension to the
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP).
ChemInform Abstract: Bichalcophenes: A Concise Synthesis of Formyl Ester‐ and Cyano Ester‐Substituted Bithiophenes, Bifurans and Furanothiophenes (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of novel optical oxygen sensing system based on stationary T–T absorption (2006)

A novel oxygen sensor based on stationary triplet–triplet (T–T) absorption was developed and the stationary absorption change of zinc 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (ZnTFPP) depending on oxygen concentration was investigated. In this technique, a photochemical equilibrium made by two continuous lights, which are S–S excitation and T–T excitation, and the change of equilibrium was monitored as the change of stationary T–T absorption. In this study, ZnTFPP in polystyrene and ZnTFPP immobilizing aluminium oxide were used as a sensor device and the difference between the two devices was clarified by the stationary quenching measurement.
Supplemental Table 2 from Shifting the Balance of Activating and Inhibitory Natural Killer Receptor Ligands on <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600E</sup> Melanoma Lines with Vemurafenib (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Summary of analyzed NK receptors.&lt;/p&gt;
Triple collocation analysis for two-error correlated datasets: Quality assessment of SMOS data (2020)

16th Specialist Meeting on on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRAD 2020), 16-20 November 2020
Pulse Transient Responses of NO Decomposition and Reduction with H2on Ag−Pd/Al2O3 (2009)

Catalytic decomposition of nitric oxide (NO) over Pd/Al2O3 and Ag−Pd/Al2O3 has been studied using the pulse transient response technique coupled with in situ infrared (IR) and mass spectrometry (MS) at 723−823 K. In the absence of H2, pulsing NO over the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst produces adsorbed NO species (i.e., Pd+−NO, Pd0−NO, and Pd−NO−) as well as gaseous N2, O2, and N2O products. Transient responses of the N2 and O2 profiles show that the addition of Ag onto Pd/Al2O3 catalyst shifts the O2 profile forward, increases oxygen formation and the oxidation resistance of Pd, but did not decrease the amount of retained oxygen (Oret) and did not improve the catalytic cycle for NO decomposition. Oret on the Pd surface is not able to desorb in the temperature range of this study; however, Oret on Ag−Pd/Al2O3 can be desorbed at higher temperatures than its formation and adsorption temperature. The presence of H2 during the NO pulse allowed NO reduction to occur, producing N2, N2O, O2, NH3, and H2O. Pd/Al2O3 is a more active catalyst for the formation of NH3 and H2O than Ag−Pd/Al2O3. Comparison of the transient gaseous product responses over Pd/Al2O3 and Ag−Pd/Al2O3 catalysts show that Ag (i) promotes the formation of N2, shifting its profile forward, and (ii) suppresses the formation of NH3 and H2O, delaying their formation. The lack of the initial activity of Ag−Pd/Al2O3 for NH3/H2O formation can be attributed to the alloy state of Ag−Pd on Al2O3. As the NO reduction proceeds in the presence of H2, adsorbed oxygen produced from N−O dissociation could cause the dealloying of Ag−Pd, producing Pd sites, which exhibited high selectivity for NH3/H2O formation.
Proximity correction of high-dosed frame with PROXECCO (1994)

Usefulness of electron beam lithography is strongly related to the efficiency and quality of methods used for proximity correction. This paper addresses the above issue by proposing an extension to the new proximity correction program PROXECCO. The combination of a framing step with PROXECCO produces a pattern with a very high edge accuracy and still allows usage of the fast correction procedure. Making a frame with a higher dose imitates a fine resolution correction where the coarse part is disregarded. So after handling the high resolution effect by means of framing, an additional coarse correction is still needed. Higher doses have a higher contribution to the proximity effect. This additional proximity effect is taken into account with the help of the multi-dose input of PROXECCO. The dose of the frame is variable, depending on the deposited energy coming from backscattering of the proximity. Simulation proves the very high edge accuracy of the applied method.
Orientation of ceramic microstructures by hot-forming methods (1981)

Abstract Micron-sized powders of layered-structure compounds were prepared by solid-state reactions, and ceramic compacts densified by hot-forming methods. Materials included: Bi2WO6, Bi2MoO6, PbBi2Nb2O9 and Bi4Ti3O12; and ceramic micro-structures were oriented by hot-pressing, hot-forging and hot-extrusion methods. Temperatures of 800-1100°C were used, with pressures of 35 MPa. Grain orientation factors of 99% were determined by x-ray diffraction analyses. Anisotropy in electric properties were determined. Data are reported for the microstructure-dependent dielectric properties.
Industrial Challenges of Secure Software Development (2014)

Developing secure software requires more than the definition of a process, i.e., a Secure Software Development Lifecycle. The successful implementation of a Secure Software Development Lifecycle relies on many factors among them providing the right tools to developers that support them in writing secure and reliable code.Based on SAP's experience in the large scale introduction of static code analysis tools as well as the use of dynamic (security) testing tools, I will discuss several challenges of secure development approaches in industry such as finding the right balance between security requirements and development efforts or the between the precision of a security analysis and its scalability.
Arthroplasty with a composite of an allograft and a prosthesis for knees with severe deficiency of bone. (1995)

We reviewed the clinical and radiographic results of fourteen patients who had a severe deficiency of bone and were managed with a massive allograft in conjunction with a standard total knee prosthesis between 1987 and 1990. The etiology of the bone loss included the failure of a previous total knee prosthesis, a supracondylar fracture of the femur or a fracture of the proximal part of the tibia, and débridement during the first stage of a reconstruction for the treatment of an infection. Thirteen patients had satisfactory clinical and radiographic results after the index procedure. The knee score of The Hospital for Special Surgery improved from an average of 24 points (range, 0 to 54 points) preoperatively to 82 points (range, 37 to 98 points) at the time of the most recent follow-up examination. The average duration of follow-up was forty-three months (range, twenty-nine to sixty-three months). The radiographic and functional results compare favorably with those that have been reported in most studies of otherwise comparable patients who had less deficiency of bone. While considerable risks are associated with the use of allograft bone and the true longevity of reconstructions with such bone is not yet known, the initial and short-term follow-up results support the use of allograft for the restoration of a functional knee joint in a patient who has a severe deficiency of bone.
Marine Biomedicine (2015)

Marine Biomedicine: From Beach to Bedside assesses current efforts in marine biomedicine and evaluates the implications of recent advances on the future of the field.Richly illustrated in full color to enhance reader comprehension, the book covers four sections. The first one addresses the technology that has recently been brought to bear on the st
Sill Pan Flashing for Block-Frame Windows in Recessed Concrete Openings—Case Studies (2008)

Abstract Integrating sill pan window flashing can be challenging using block-frame windows or installing flashings within a recessed opening in a concrete wall. Two case studies summarize the details of design and retrofit installation for sill pan flashing of replacement block-frame window into the perimeters of existing recessed concrete wall openings. Provisions for sill pan drainage were included with technical solutions for two case studies. The design and detailing were also conceived to account for blending with the context of the existing architecture and minimizing the aesthetic concerns for the appearance of any exposed perimeter opening flashings. These case studies demonstrate detailing methodologies for wood and metal block-frame window frames and concrete wall openings applicable for new and existing exterior wall systems.