gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole-Brain, Multi-Shot, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Humans at 7T with 1 mm Isotropic Resolution (2011)

Diffusion-weighted imaging using single-shot EPI at 7T is prone to a high level of susceptibility and blurring artefact, even when parallel imaging with a large acceleration factor is used. Multi-shot imaging using readout-segmented EPI has been shown to provide a substantial reduction in these artefacts, but previous applications of the method were restricted to localized studies of small brain regions. In this study, an extension of the technique is used, which provides whole brain coverage with high isotropic resolution and sufficient angular resolution to estimate fibre orientation density functions using spherical deconvolution.
Investigation of nozzle printing parameters for OLED emitting layers (2018)

Solution processing, especially printing of OLEDs is an issue of current research. Among various types of printing, nozzle printing does not require complicated experimental procedures, and therefore it is a good example of investigating actual printing process in a laboratory level. Mixed red and yellow light emitting layers required for the implementation of white OLEDs have been fabricated by nozzle printing and their thickness characteristics by varying the printing conditions, such as solvent composition, printing pressure, and Y-pitch values, have been investigated. After nozzle printing parameter optimization, an OLED device by nozzle printing has been finally fabricated with the following structure, [ITO / PEDOT:PSS / PVK:Ir(BT)2(acac): Ir(piq)2(acac) / TPBi / LiF / Al]. The device efficiency of the nozzle printing device (5.26 cd/A) was comparable to the spin-coating device (5.61 cd/A), and this implies the potential of the nozzle printing process as a good alternative to the spin-coating process in solution processing.
Direct measurement of bend-induced mode deformation in large-mode-area fibers (2012)

In 1976 Marcuse developed an equivalent index model to predict the effects of bending in waveguides, and predicted deformation of the spatial modes in bent optical fibers. Perturbative approaches have been previously applied and tested to predict the behavior of single- and few-moded-fibers. However, much more significant mode deformation has been predicted for large-mode-area fibers than for single- or few-moded-fibers. In this paper, the spatial profiles of modes deformed by bending in large-mode-area fibers are measured for the first time. A finite difference method employing the equivalent index model is used to calculate the modes of the helical fiber, which show an offset that is twice as large as that predicted for single-mode fiber, and mode compression that is five times greater. These calculated results are compared to the experimental data, yielding significantly better agreement than previous perturbative approaches.
PRDM1/BLIMP1 is commonly inactivated in anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (2013)

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a mature T-cell lymphoma that can present as a systemic or primary cutaneous disease. Systemic ALCL represents 2% to 5% of adult lymphoma but up to 30% of all pediatric cases. Two subtypes of systemic ALCL are currently recognized on the basis of the presence of a translocation involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase ALK gene. Despite considerable progress, several questions remain open regarding the pathogenesis of both ALCL subtypes. To investigate the molecular pathogenesis and to assess the relationship between the ALK(+) and ALK(-) ALCL subtypes, we performed a genome-wide DNA profiling using high-density, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays on a series of 64 cases and 7 cell lines. The commonest lesions were losses at 17p13 and at 6q21, encompassing the TP53 and PRDM1 genes, respectively. The latter gene, coding for BLIMP1, was inactivated by multiple mechanisms, more frequently, but not exclusively, in ALK(-)ALCL. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that that PRDM1 is a tumor suppressor gene in ALCL models, likely acting as an antiapoptotic agent. Losses of TP53 and/or PRDM1 were present in 52% of ALK(-)ALCL, and in 29% of all ALCL cases with a clinical implication.
Bulk micromachining of silicon using electron-beam-induced carbonaceous nanomasking (2006)

This paper reports on an alternative nanolithographic technique for bulk micromachining of silicon. We show how to selectively etch Si(110) in aqueous KOH solutions using electron-beam-induced nanomasking. Already nanometre thin carbonaceous films can completely suppress the wet anisotropic chemical etching of Si performed in alkaline solution (10?wt% KOH+5?wt% isopropanol). It is shown that under optimized conditions, this approach can be exploited for the fabrication of three-dimensional micro-?and nanostructures.
Cover Image (2017)

The cover image, by Stephen M. Zappala et al., is based on the Original Paper The 4Kscore blood test accurately identifies men with aggressive prostate cancer prior to prostate biopsy with or without DRE information, DOI 10.1111/ijcp.12943.
Defibrillators (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Types of Defibrillators Measuring Defibrillation Efficacy Effect of Electrode Size and Location on Defibrillation Efficacy The Effect of Waveform Shape on Defibrillation Efficacy Mechanisms of Defibrillation Conclusion
Detection of Cl- Ions with AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (2009)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with Ag/AgCl gate are found to exhibit significant changes in channel conductance upon exposing the gate region to various concentrations of chorine ion solutions. Ag/AgCl gate electrode, prepared by potentiostatic anodization, changes the electrical potential when encounters chorine ions. This gate potential changes lead to a change of surface charge in the gate region on the HEMT, induced a higher positive charge on the AlGaN surface, and finally increases the pizeo-induced charge density in the HEMT channel. These anions create an image positive charge on the Ag gate metal for the required neutrality, thus increase the drain current of the HEMT. The HEMT source-drain current showed a clear dependence on the chorine concentration. The limit of detection (LOD) achieved was 1×10-8 M using a 20µm × 50µm gate sensing area.
Poled polymeric nonlinear optical materials. Enhanced second harmonic generation stability of crosslinkable matrix/chromophore ensembles (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoled polymeric nonlinear optical materials. Enhanced second harmonic generation stability of crosslinkable matrix/chromophore ensemblesMichael A. Hubbard, Tobin J. Marks, Jian Yang, and George K. WongCite this: Chem. Mater. 1989, 1, 2, 167–169Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00002a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00002a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Mulitiple-Exposure, Linear Response, Wide-Dynamic-Range CMOS Image Sensor Combining Electric-charge Voltage Conversions in Pixel Capacitor and Column Capacitor (2010)

We discuss the operation methods for keeping a high S/N ratio at all switching points in multiple exposures and for shorting the total integration time of a wide dynamic range (DR) lateral overflow integration capacitor (LOFIC) CMOS image sensor that combines electric-charge voltage conversions in a pixel and a column capacitor. We have used these methods on a color LOFIC CMOS image sensor. This sensor had a pixel pitch of 5.6-um and the number of effective pixels was 800 (H) x 600 (V). It was made by using 0.18-um 2P3M CMOS technology. Fully linear responses were obtained, as well as a DR of 207 dB. Furthermore, the S/N ratio was 26-dB for the image of 18% gray card at all the switching points between the multiple exposures. The total exposure time was1/13-sec and was obtained by three photoelectric conversion operations at FD and LOFIC capacitors and one photoelectric conversion operation in the column capacitor.
Exploiting sentiment homophily for link prediction (2014)

Link prediction on social media is an important problem for recommendation systems. Understanding the interplay of users' sentiments and social relationships can be potentially valuable. Specifically, we study how to exploit sentiment homophily for link prediction. We evaluate our approach on a dataset gathered fro Twitter that consists of tweets sent in one month during U.S. 2012 political campaign along with the "follows" relationship between users. Our first contribution is defining a set of sentiment-based features that help predict the likelihood of two users becoming "friends" (i.e., mutually mentioning or following each other) based on their sentiments toward topics of mutual interest. Our evaluation in a supervised learning framework demonstrates the benefits of sentiment-based features in link prediction. We find that Adamic-Adar and Euclidean distance measures are the best predictors. Our second contribution is proposing a factor graph model that incorporates a sentiment-based variant of cognitive balance theory. Our evaluation shows that, when tie strength is not too weak, our model is more effective in link prediction than traditional machine learning techniques.
An apparatus for simultaneous measurement of electrical conductivity and thermopower of thin films in the temperature range of 300–750 K (2011)

An automated apparatus capable of measuring the electrical conductivity and thermopower of thin films over a temperature range of 300-750 K is reported. A standard dc resistance measurement in van der Pauw geometry was used to evaluate the electrical conductivity, and the thermopower was measured using the differential method. The design of the instrument, the methods used for calibration, and the measurement procedure are described in detail. Given the lack of a standard National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, Md.) sample for high temperature thermopower calibration, the disclosed calibration procedure shall be useful for calibration of new instruments.
Simulation of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticle Formation from a Precursor Complex (2019)

The formation of oleylamine-stabilized colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which are the most promising metal NP inks for printed electronics, was modeled and simulated to investigate the shell structure of the oleylamine coating of the Ag-NPs. Our simulation results showed that Ag-NP growth occurred by the coalescence of silver clusters. We also found that the oleylamine shell structure surrounding the Ag-NPs was not the commonly assumed radially extending structure with a single amine group adsorbed to the silver surface but rather a partially lying-down structure with multiple adsorbed groups. The latter structure results in a thinner shell and contains fewer stabilizing agents than the former, which may contribute to the low-temperature sintering characteristics of Ag-NP inks.
Surviving channel dependence of fast power transients in a 109 channel Raman-amplified transmission experiment (2007)

This work examines the evolution over distance of power transient excursions in a broadband Raman amplified transmission system as a function of surviving channel wavelength. In a Raman based system, the appearance of overshoots is dependent on the relative strength of channel-channel and pump-channel interactions at different wavelengths. The tilt behavior of uncontrolled transient propagation is also studied.
Histone acetylation in astrocytes suppresses GFAP and stimulates a reorganization of the intermediate filament network (2014)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main intermediate filament in astrocytes and is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms during development.We demonstrate that histone acetylation also controls GFAP expression in mature astrocytes.Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) with trichostatin A or sodium butyrate reduced GFAP expression in primary human astrocytes and astrocytoma cells.Because splicing occurs co-transcriptionally, we investigated whether histone acetylation changes the ratio between the canonical isoform GFAPa and the alternative GFAPd splice variant.We observed that decreased transcription of GFAP enhanced alternative isoform expression, as HDAC inhibition increased the GFAPd:GFAPa ratio.Expression of GFAPd was dependent on the presence and binding of splicing factors of the SR protein family.Inhibition of HDAC activity also resulted in aggregation of the GFAP network, reminiscent of our previous findings of a GFAPd-induced network collapse.Taken together, our data demonstrate that HDAC inhibition results in changes in transcription, splicing and organization of GFAP.These data imply that a tight regulation of histone acetylation in astrocytes is essential, because dysregulation of gene expression causes the aggregation of GFAP, a hallmark of human diseases like Alexander's disease.
Motor cortex activation is related to force of squeezing (2002)

Primate studies have demonstrated that motor cortex neurons show increased activity with increased force of movement. In humans, this relationship has received little study during a power grip such as squeezing, and has previously only been evaluated across a narrow range of forces. Functional MRI was performed in eight healthy subjects who alternated between rest and right hand squeezing at one of three force levels. During scanning, motor performances were recorded using a dynamometer. At each force level, activation volume was measured within left sensorimotor cortex, right sensorimotor cortex, and a midline supplementary motor area. In left sensorimotor cortex, % signal change was also assessed. The range of force generated across the three force levels varied from 4.9 N to 276 N. In left sensorimotor cortex, activation volume increased significantly with greater force. The % signal change also increased with greater force and correlated closely with activation volume. In supplementary motor area, activation volume increased significantly with increasing force, but with greater intersubject variability. In right sensorimotor cortex, a trend for larger activation volumes with greater force did not reach significance. The laterality index, an expression of the relative degree of contralateral vs. ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex activation, did not change across the three force levels. Increased force of squeezing is associated with increased contralateral sensorimotor cortex and supplementary motor area activation. This relationship was found across the full spectrum of forces that the human hand is capable of generating. Use of a valid, reliable method for assessing motor behavior during functional MRI may be important to clinical applications.
Bridging Ethnography and Path‐finding Business Opportunities (2015)

While ethnography has been integrated into the design research, new product development and corporate strategy, it has been less well integrated into path‐finding for new business opportunities. We've developed a model for path‐finding research that has three core parts: creating a business opportunity hypothesis from social flux, testing and validating the hypothesis, and catalyzing opportunities for the corporation. We provide a case study of how we used the approach around The Data Economy. We highlight three important aspects of the approach: shift of research focus from context to ecosystem; robust action, rather than funnel development for concepts, and present a tool we created called the Business Opportunity Canvas to convey research findings into action. We then highlight the direct implications of this shift for ethnographic projects, from a focus on how knowledge is produced and description of context, to an analysis of society and culture. We have not spelled out the entire process but have created a minimal viable product that can be experimented upon. Keywords: path‐finding, ethnography, business opportunities, methods, case study, ecosystem, robust action, innovation, transformation.
1-Deoxy-4-C-hydroxymethyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-β-L-ribulofuranose [(2R,3S,4S)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-2,3,4-triol] (2007)

The stereochemistry of crystalline 1-de­oxy-4-C-hydroxy­methyl-3,4-O-isopropyl­idene-β-l-ribulofuran­ose, C9H16O5, was unequivocally established by X-ray crystallographic analysis to be the β-anomer; the absolute configuration was determined by the use of d-ribose as a starting material.
Autapses and Networks of Hippocampal Neurons Exhibit Distinct Synaptic Transmission Phenotypes in the Absence of Synaptotagmin I (2009)

Synaptotagmin-I (syt-I) is required for rapid neurotransmitter release in mouse hippocampal neurons. However, contradictory results have been reported regarding evoked and spontaneous secretion from syt-I knock-out (KO) neurons. Here, we compared synaptic transmission in two different hippocampal neuron preparations: autaptic cultures in which a single isolated cell innervates itself, and dissociated mass cultures in which individual cells are innervated by neighboring cells. In autaptic cultures, the total extent of evoked release, size of readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, and release probability were unchanged in syt-I KO neurons. In contrast, in cultures containing multiple interconnected neurons, total evoked release, the number of docked vesicles, and release probability, were significantly reduced in syt-I KO neurons. Using a micronetwork system in which we varied the number of cells on an island, we found that the frequency of spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion events (minis) was unchanged in syt-I KO neurons when two or fewer cells were present on an island. However, in micronetworks composed of three or more neurons, mini frequency was increased threefold to fivefold in syt-I KO neurons compared with wild type. Moreover, interneuronal synapses exhibited higher rates of spontaneous release than autaptic synapses. This higher rate was attributable to an increase in release probability because excitatory hippocampal neurons in micronetworks formed a set number of synapses per cell regardless of the number of connected neurons. Thus, aspects of synaptic transmission differ between autaptic and dissociated cultures, and the synaptic transmission phenotype, resulting from loss of syt-I, is dictated by the connectivity of neurons.
The Effect of Cervical Plating on Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (1999)

The use of anterior plates for single-level cervical fusions is controversial. Previous studies that evaluated single and multiple-level fusions have shown increased and decreased fusion rates when cervical plates are used. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success of single-level discectomy performed with and without anterior cervical plate fixation. During a 6-year period, 80 patients were surgically treated with a single-level anterior cervical discectomy. Forty-four patients had cervical plates, whereas 36 had fusions without plates (average follow-up, 2.3 years). The pseudarthrosis rates were 4.5% (2 of 44) for patients with plating and 8.3% (3 of 36) without plating. This difference was not significant (p = 0.653). There was no correlation of pseudarthrosis with sex, age, level of surgery, history of tobacco use, or the presence of previous anterior surgery. The amount of graft collapse for patients with plating was 0.75 mm compared with 1.5 mm for those without a plate (p = 0.026). The amount of kyphotic deformity of the fused segment was 1.2 degrees with plating compared with 1.9 degrees for patients without plating (p = 0.079). Ninety-one percent of the patients with plating had good or excellent results compared with 88% in the group without cervical plates, based on Odom's criteria. The addition of plate fixation for single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is safe and not associated with a significant increase in complication rates. The pseudarthrosis rates are not significantly different when a cervical plate is used.
Modeling the Dielectric Response and Relaxation Spectra of Relaxor Ferroelectrics (1999)

A multi‐Debye relaxation model that is based upon the Boltzmann superposition principle has been used to determine the frequency‐dispersion behavior of Pb(Mg 1/3 ‐Nb 2/3 )O 3 (PMN) and Pb 0.88 La 0.08 (Zr 0.65 Ti 0.35 )O 3 (PLZT 8/65/35) relaxor ferroelectrics. For PMN, relaxation times on the order of seconds contribute to the dispersive character of the dielectric properties. A defect‐relaxation mechanism that involves Mg cation hopping in a structure that is composed of interpenetrating 〈111〉 chains of ordered Pb(Mg 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 is proposed for PMN. Motion of the Mg cations results in destruction and reconstruction of these ordered chains, which contributes to the dispersive character of PMN.
Digital scanner, optical maskless exposure tool with DUV solid state laser (2021)

Digital Scanner (DS), a DUV optical maskless exposure tool is being developed. It uses a micromirror-type spatial light modulator (SLM) to create the “mask” pattern combined with a solid state laser with wavelength of 193 or 248 nm. The exposure concept of DS and advantage of solid state laser as an exposure light source is described. DS proof-of-concept tool with resolution of half-pitch 80 nm L/S was developed. The exposure results of maskless unique application such as large area printing and chip ID printing for security purposes are shown.
Coronavirus disease 2019 in critically ill patients: can we re-program the immune system? A primer for Intensivists (2020)

In December 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread around the word. The immune response is essential to control and eliminate CoV infections, however, multiorgan damage might be due to direct SARS-CoV2 action against the infected organ cells, as well as an imbalanced host immune response. In effect, a "cytokines storm" and an impaired innate immunity were found in the COVID-19 critically ill patients. In this review, we summarized the virus immune response steps, underlying the relevance of introducing the measurement of plasma cytokine levels and of circulating lymphocyte subsets in clinical practice for the follow-up of critically ill COVID-19 patients and support new therapy.