gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tomato DWARF enzyme catalyses C-6 oxidation in brassinosteroid biosynthesis (1999)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal plant hormones essential for normal plant growth and development. Mutants in the biosynthesis or perception of BRs are usually dwarf. The tomato Dwarf gene (D), which was predicted to encode a cytochrome P450 enzyme (P450) with homology to other P450s involved in BR biosynthesis, was cloned previously. Here, we show that DWARF catalyses the C-6 oxidation of 6-deoxocastasterone (6-deoxoCS) to castasterone (CS), the immediate precursor of brassinolide. To do this, we first confirmed that the D cDNA complemented the mutant light- and dark-grown phenotypes of the extreme dwarf (dx) allele of tomato. To identify a substrate for the DWARF enzyme, exogenous application of BR intermediates to dx plants was carried out. C-6 oxoBR intermediates enhanced hypocotyl elongation whereas the C-6 deoxoBR, 6-deoxoCS, had little effect. Quantitative analysis of endogenous BR levels in tomato showed mainly the presence of 6-deoxoBRs. Furthermore, dx plants were found to lack CS and had a high level of 6-deoxoCS in comparison to D plants that had CS and a lower level of 6-deoxoCS. Confirmation that DWARF catalyzed the C-6 oxidation of 6-deoxoCS to CS was obtained by functional expression of DWARF in yeast. In these experiments, the intermediate 6alpha-hydroxycastasterone was identified, indicating that DWARF catalyzes two steps in BR biosynthesis. These data show that DWARF is involved in the C-6 oxidation in BR biosynthesis.
Finite source effects in strong lensing: implications for the substructure mass scale (2005)

Flux ratio 'anomalies' in quadruply imaged gravitational lenses can be explained with galactic substructure of the sort predicted by CDM, but the strength and uniqueness of that hypothesis need to be further assessed. A good way to do that is to use the physical scale associated with the size of the source quasar, and its dependence on wavelength. We develop a toy model to study finite source effects in substructure lensing. Treating substructure as a singular isothermal sphere allows us to compute the images of a finite source analytically, and then to explore how the image configurations and magnifications depend on source position and size. Although simplified, our model yields instructive general principles: image positions and magnifications are basically independent of source size until the source is large enough to intersect a substructure caustic; even sources that are much larger than the substructure Einstein radius can be perturbed at a detectable level; and, most importantly, there is a tremendous amount to be learned from comparing image positions and magnifications at wavelengths that correspond to different source sizes.
Capacity of Sum-networks for Different Message Alphabets (2015)

A sum-network is a directed acyclic network in which all terminal nodes demand the `sum' of the independent information observed at the source nodes. Many characteristics of the well-studied multiple-unicast network communication problem also hold for sum-networks due to a known reduction between instances of these two problems. Our main result is that unlike a multiple unicast network, the coding capacity of a sum-network is dependent on the message alphabet. We demonstrate this using a construction procedure and show that the choice of a message alphabet can reduce the coding capacity of a sum-network from $1$ to close to $0$.
Chip-scale Optical Frequency Combs Techniques & Applications (2022)

This paper reviews three generic classes of chip scale based optical frequency comb sources. Each of the comb sources possess unique temporal and spectral output operating characteristics that suggest that each comb source technology needs to be carefully considered for specific applications.
Conduction Through Viscoelastic Phase in a Redox‐Active Ionic Liquid at Reduced Temperatures (2012)

The phase diagram of the redox active ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (PMII) is examined as a function of temperature and iodine concentration. Beyond a threshold concentration of 3.9 M, the formation of higher polyiodides gives rise to a viscoelastic phase upon cooling. Despite of the very high viscosity of such polyiodide-containing PMII melts a strikingly high conductivity is maintained through Grotthuss-type bond exchange and ionic conduction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Extended wavelength emission to 1.3μm in nitrided InAs∕GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (2004)

We have studied long-wavelength emission in 1.3-μm optical communication range from nitrided InAs∕GaAs quantum dots (QDs). Atomic-layer nitridation just after the growth of InAs QDs realizes a remarkable redshift of the photoluminescence peak by more than 150nm. Growth temperature plays a key role in achieving room-temperature emission from the QDs. The emission wavelength can be adjusted by controlling the growth conditions of the initial InAs QDs. As compared with conventional QDs grown without nitridizing the QD surface, it is found that the nitridation results in larger dots with a large aspect ratio.
Supporting data for "Efficient Polymerization of Methyl-ε-Caprolactone Mixtures to Access Sustainable Aliphatic Polyesters" (2018)

These files contain primary data along with associated output from instrumentation supporting all results reported in Batiste et. al. "Efficient Polymerization of Methyl-ε-Caprolactone Mixtures to Access Sustainable Aliphatic Polyesters." In Batiste et. al. we found: Aliphatic polyesters are a versatile class of materials that can be sourced from bioderived feedstocks. Poly(γ-methyl-ε-caprolactone) (PγMCL) in particular can be used to make degradable thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) with outstanding mechanical properties. PγMCL can potentially be manufactured economically from p-cresol, a component of lignin bio oils. A complication is that additional manufacturing processes are necessary to isolate pure cresol isomers. Using mixed feedstocks of cresol isomers to access the corresponding methyl substituted ε-caprolactone (MCL) monomer mixtures would convey economic advantages to sourcing these materials sustainably. Moreover, the use of organocatalysts in lieu of traditional tin-based catalysts averts issues with potential environmental and human toxicity. With these motivations in mind, we explored the ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) of MCL mixtures and characterized the molecular, thermal and rheological properties of the resulting copolymers. The molar mass of MCL mixtures that would be obtained from meta- and para-cresol can be readily modulated. The thermal and rheological properties of these statistical co- and terpolymers were at parity with pure PγMCL homopolymer. The use of diphenyl phosphate (DPP) and dimethyl phosphate (DMP) as organocatalysts enabled access to these materials on reasonable polymerization timescales and have potential to improve sustainability in the synthesis of these polyesters.
Structure of UAV-based Emergency Mobile Communication Infrastructure (2021)

Emergency mobile communication infrastructure is needed for urgent operations and for saving lives within golden time in a disaster environment. Areas that require temporary mobile communication infrastructure are generally tough and difficult to access, such as mountains and seas, so it is necessary to build mobile communication infrastructures using aerial vehicles such as drones because they must be installed quickly and easily without restrictions on terrain or landforms. In this paper, we present an emergency mobile communication infrastructure that is built over long distances based on drone-based aerial vehicles equipped with 5G mobile communication base stations.
Synthetic Ion Channels in Bilayer Membranes (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Clinical and immunological evaluation of intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer (1992)

The clinical efficacy of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and the changes of immunological parameters were investigated. Nine patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer were treated with IORT (2,500-3,500 cGy) and the changes of various immunological parameters were compared with those in 11 patients with advanced cancer who received external beam irradiation therapy (XRT), 2,500-3,500 cGy. After IORT, 71% of patients obtained pain relief, two of the nine patients showed a partial response, and the serum CA 19-9 level decreased in six patients. However, the median survival was only 210 days. Natural killer activity, lymphokine-activated killer activity, and interferon gamma-activated killer activity were not inhibited by IORT, and phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenesis was actually augmented after IORT, whereas all these parameters were inhibited by XRT. Thus, it is suggested that IORT may augment or at least stabilize systemic antitumor immunity.
Adhesion and Surface Interactions of a Self‐Healing Polymer with Multiple Hydrogen‐Bonding Groups (2014)

The surface properties and self‐adhesion mechanism of self‐healing poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) copolymers containing comonomers with 2‐ureido‐4[1 H ]‐pyrimidinone quadruple hydrogen bonding groups (UPy) are investigated using a surface forces apparatus (SFA) coupled with a top‐view optical microscope. The surface energies of PBA–UPy4.0 and PBA–UPy7.2 (with mole percentages of UPy 4.0% and 7.2%, respectively) are estimated to be 45–56 mJ m −2 under dry condition by contact angle measurements using a three probe liquid method and also by contact and adhesion mechanics tests, as compared to the reported literature value of 31–34 mJ m −2 for PBA, an increase that is attributed to the strong UPy–UPy H‐bonding interactions. The adhesion strengths of PBA–UPy polymers depend on the UPy content, contact time, temperature and humidity level. Fractured PBA–UPy films can fully recover their self‐adhesion strength to 40, 81, and 100% in 10 s, 3 h, and 50 h, respectively, under almost zero external load. The fracture patterns (i.e., viscous fingers and highly “self‐organized” parallel stripe patterns) have implications for fabricating patterned surfaces in materials science and nanotechnology. These results provide new insights into the fundamental understanding of adhesive mechanisms of multiple hydrogen‐bonding polymers and development of novel self‐healing and stimuli‐responsive materials.
The Variety of Cardiovascular Presentations of COVID-19 (2020)

Information about a real patient is presented in stages (boldface type) to expert clinicians (Drs Uriel and Sayer), who respond to the information and share their reasoning with the reader (regular type
Low cost test point insertion without using extra registers for high performance design (2009)

This paper presents a new approach to improve random test coverage during physical synthesis for high performance design. This new approach performs test point insertion (TPI) to improve testability of random resistant nets. Conventional test point insertion approaches add extra registers either as control points or observation points to improve controllability or observability. However, adding extra registers has many disadvantages in high performance design. It might degrade the design performance in term of power and timing. It might also end up with even worse testability. The new approach does not add any registers; instead it only uses existing signals as test points. The test points are selected from logic paths with the most timing slack and physical placement proximity. This saves silicon area, reduces power consumption, and minimizes the design changes. The new approach also automates the test insertion process by integrating it in the physical synthesis flow. The integration helps reduce design closure turn around time significantly. Production results show nearly zero performance degradation from this approach and better testability improvement as compared to a manual test point insertion approach. Furthermore, this paper proposes a novel idea of exploiting unreachable states for test point insertion. Preliminary results on this idea are also given.
Nanoparticles with In Vivo Anticancer Activity from Polymer Prodrug Amphiphiles Prepared by Living Radical Polymerization (2012)

Magic rubber bullets: Novel anticancer nanoparticles made of well-defined polymer–drug conjugate amphiphiles are prepared by the controlled growth of a hydrophobic polyisoprene chain from a drug macroinitiator by using nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP; see picture). The resulting conjugates self-assembled into nanoparticles exhibiting high drug payloads and significant anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Temperature Dependent Terahertz Response of an Integrated Narrowband Hot Electron Bolometer (2010)

The temperature dependent response and transport characteristics of an integrated bolometric‐plasmonic terahertz detector have been measured. A sensitive bolometric detection element and a grating‐gated GaAs/AlGaAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a resonant plasmonic response 40 GHz in width over a broad temperature range are monolithically integrated. Prior work has demonstrated that the low temperature response results from a hot electron detection mechanism; the hot electron effect remains prominent at 100 K. The terahertz response drops by nearly two orders of magnitude from 20 K to 100 K, consistent with a temperature dependent energy relaxation time.
Functional cooperation between HP1 and DNMT1 mediates gene silencing (2007)

Mammalian euchromatic gene silencing results from the combined repressive effects of histone and DNA methyltransferases. Little is known of the mechanism by which these enzymes cooperate to induce silencing. Here we show that mammalian HP1 family members mediate communication between histone and DNA methyltransferases. In vitro, methylation of histone 3 Lys 9 by G9a creates a binding platform for HP1alpha, beta, and gamma. DNMT1 interacts with HP1 resulting in increased DNA methylation on DNA and chromatin templates in vitro. The functional and physical interaction can be recapitulated in vivo. Binding of GAL4-HP1 to a reporter construct is sufficient to induce repression and DNA methylation in DNMT1 wild-type but not DNMT1-null cells. Additionally, silencing of the Survivin gene coincides with recruitment of G9a and HP1 in DNMT1 wild-type but not null cells. We conclude that direct interactions between HP1 and DNMT1 mediate silencing of euchromatic genes.
High-kDielectric Materials by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition: Growth and Characterization (2005)

Two novel mononuclear mixed alkoxide compounds of Ti and Zr, [Ti(OPr i )2(tbaoac)2] and [Zr(OPr i )2(tbaoac)2], were synthesised and characterised. These complexes are highly soluble and possess superior thermal properties showing promising characteristics as precursors for MOCVD of oxide thin films. Results are presented for thin films, which were deposited in a liquid injection metal-organic chemical vapour deposition production tool. Special emphasis is given to the properties of ZrO2 thin films within MIS structures as proposed for gate oxide applications and to the compatibility of the new Ti precursor with a standard Sr(thd)2 precursor for low temperature deposition of SrTiO3.
Revealing the Microscopic Structure of Human Renal Cell Carcinoma in Three Dimensions (2019)

For fully characterizing renal cell carcinoma (RCC), information about the 3D tissue microstructure is essential. Histopathology, which represents the current diagnostic gold standard, is destructive and only provides 2D information. 3D X-ray histology endeavors to overcome these limitations by generating 3D data. In a laboratory environment, most techniques struggle with limited resolution and the weak X-ray attenuation contrast of soft tissue. We recently developed a laboratory-based method combining nanoscopic X-ray CT with a cytoplasm-specific X-ray stain. Here, we present the application of this method to human RCC biopsies. The NanoCT slices enable pathological characterization of crucial structures by reproducing tissue morphology with a similar detail level as corresponding histological light microscopy images. Beyond that, our data offer deeper insights into the 3D configuration of the tumor. By demonstrating the compatibility of the X-ray stain with standard pathological stains, we highlight the feasibility of integrating staining based NanoCT into the pathological routine.
Consumer Behavior Modeling Based on Social Psychology and Complex Networks (2007)

Service innovation necessitates the acceptance by customers. The evaluation of the acceptance is problematic as word-of-mouth type of advertising becomes popular. We developed a consumer behavior modeling framework that consists of consumer agents and consumer network, using snowball sampling technique. The differentiating technologies are social psychology and complex networks. Our data analysis and multi-agent simulations proved the feasibility of this framework.
Controlling Smart Propagation Environments: Long-Term Versus Short-Term Phase Shift Optimization (2022)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have recently gained significant interest as an emerging technology for future wireless networks. This paper studies an RIS-assisted propagation environment, where a single-antenna source transmits data to a single-antenna destination in the presence of a weak direct link. We analyze and compare RIS designs based on long-term and short-term channel statistics in terms of coverage probability and ergodic rate. For the considered optimization designs, closed-form expressions for the coverage probability and ergodic rate are derived. We use numerical simulations to validate the obtained analytical framework. Also, we show that the considered optimal phase shift designs outperform several heuristic benchmarks.
Methodologies of Application of Sol-Gel Based Solution onto Substrate: A Review (2016)

Just as the diverse as the various substrates that can be coated is the choice of several coating methods by which the coating can be applied to these pretreated surfaces. They include the manual methods, where great skills and experience is needed, on the other hand there are automated and robotics coating control methods where coating can be applied with more precise manner. Sol-gel process is one of the promising bottom up nano-coating technologies to develop thin film over various metallic substrates. The property and characteristic of the resulting film is strongly influenced by the various parameters and reaction conditions of the sol-gel process and of course on the deposition techniques. In this review, we have thrown some lights on different coating application processes covering theoretical principle, advantages, disadvantages, and special various parameters controlling the final film quality.
Theory of rotational processes in perpendicular media and application to anisotropy measurement (2003)

Numerical and analytical calculations of rotational processes in perpendicular recording media are presented. The work supports recent experimental studies that suggest that the measurement of rotational magnetization processes can be used to determine the value of the anisotropy constant. An expression for the rotational magnetization for a noninteracting system is derived taking into account the dispersion of K and the easy-axis orientation. The calculations show that the experiments determine the mean value of H/sub K/, essentially independent of the angular dispersion. A numerical (Monte-Carlo based) micromagnetic model is used to study the effects of magnetostatic and exchange interactions at nonzero temperatures. It is shown that for small values of KV/kT, irreversible magnetization processes take place, which preclude the use of the rotational magnetization method to determine K values. This effect is enhanced by the presence of the magnetostatic interaction. However, the presence of exchange interactions is found to enforce coherent rotation in small fields, reducing the irreversible processes and allowing the determination of H/sub K/. Under these circumstances, it is shown that the exchange does not significantly affect the value of H/sub K/, and that a well-defined demagnetization correction of 4/spl pi/M is appropriate. Finally, a comparison with experimental data gives good agreement for multilayer and granular media and shows the role of domain formation on the rotational magnetization process.
Design and fabrication of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) single-mode rib waveguide (2009)

We have designed, fabricated and characterized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) single-mode rib waveguides. PDMS was chosen specifically for the core and cladding. Combined with the soft lithography fabrication techniques, it enables an easy integration of microoptical components for lab-on-a-chip systems. The refractive index contrast, of 0.07% between the core and cladding for single-mode propagation was achieved by modifying the properties of the same base material. Alternatively, a higher refractive index contrast, of 1.18% was shown by using PDMS materials from two different manufacturers. The fabricated rib waveguides were characterized for mode profile characteristics and confirmed the excitation of the fundamental mode of the waveguide. The propagation loss of the single-mode rib waveguide was characterized using the cutback measurement method at a wavelength of 635 nm and found to be 0.48 dB/cm for of 0.07% and 0.20 dB/cm for of 1.18%. Y-branch splitter of PDMS single-mode rib waveguide was further demonstrated.
Physical model of the PBTI and TDDB of la incorporated HfSiON gate dielectrics with pre-existing and stress-induced defects (2008)

We have clarified the impact on reliability of La incorporation into the HfSiON gate dielectrics nMOSFETs (PBTI, TDDB). Although La incorporation is effective for pre-existing defect suppression, stress induced defect generation is more sensitive to stress voltage and temperature. This is caused by the elevation of the energy level of oxygen vacancy and high ionicity of La-O bond. The origin of defects is thought to be oxygen vacancy related defects, generated under positive stress and they are common to PBTI and TDDB degradation.