gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Different Flame Types Inside a Laboratory Scale RQL Combustion Chamber (2019)

Abstract RQL (rich burn, quick quench, lean burn) combustion chambers are common in modern aero engines due to their low NOx emissions and good stability. The rich primary zone leads to lower flame temperatures and in combination with the lack of oxygen, the NOx production is low. The mixing of the secondary air must be quick in order to avoid stoichiometric conditions and at the same time must ensure the oxidation of the soot produced in the fuel rich primary zone to keep soot emissions to a minimum. However, the design of such a combustion chamber is complicated due to the complex interaction between the swirling primary flow and the jets of the secondary airflow. In this paper, we present a new test rig, which was designed to study combustion processes inside RQL combustion chambers at atmospheric conditions. The test rig features liquid kerosene combustion and a realistic quenching zone as well as good access for optical and conventional measurement techniques. For realistic engine like conditions the combustion air is preheated to 600 K and the fuel–air equivalence ratio in the primary combustion zone is set to be between Φ = 1.66 and Φ = 1.25, resulting in an overall thermal power between 80 kW and 110 kW. To get insights into the complex flow field inside the combustion chamber unsteady RANS simulations of both the reacting and the non-reacting case were performed using OpenFOAM. The turbulent flow field was modeled using the k-ω-SST model and the combustion was simulated using the Partially Stirred Reactor model. The experimental investigations showed two stable flame types for the same operating conditions with considerable differences in the visible flame structure and soot radiation. The flow field of both of these flame types were measured using a 1.5 kHz 2D PIV System. The numerical simulations showed good overall agreement with the experimental results but could not represent the change in flame type. In order to understand the underlying effects of the flame change the OH* chemiluminescence was recorded and the two-phase flow near the nozzle exit was investigated. This showed that the change in flame structure might arise due to spray dispersion of the pilot fuel nozzle and the recirculation of the secondary air into the primary zone.
Aerodynamics of heat exchangers for high-altitude aircraft (1995)

of convective heat transfer with altitude dictates umumally large heat exchangers for pistonengined high-altitude aircraft. The reindvdy large aircraft drag fraction associated with cooling st high
An error probability approach for quantifying physical layer security of MIMO-SDM systems (2014)

We study the achievable bit-error-ratio of a wire-tapping eavesdropper in a MIMO-SDM system as a function of the channel code rate chosen by the legitimate transponder-pair This rate-distortion formulation provides a practically specifiable system security quantification.
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Inflammation in Mouse Abdominal Aorta (2017)

Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate a new clinically translatable ultrasound molecular imaging approach, modulated acoustic radiation force-based imaging, which is capable of rapid and reliable detection of inflammation as validated in mouse abdominal aorta. Materials and Methods Animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Virginia. C57BL/6 mice stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α, or fed with a high-fat diet, were used as inflammation (M Inflammation ) and diet-induced obesity (DIO) (M DIO ) models, respectively. C57BL/6 mice, not exposed to tumor necrosis factor α or DIO, were used as controls (M Normal ). P-selectin–targeted (MB P-selectin ), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1–targeted (MB VCAM-1 ), and isotype control (MB Control ) microbubbles were synthesized by conjugating anti–P-selectin, anti–VCAM-1, and isotype control antibodies to microbubbles, respectively. The abdominal aortas were imaged for 180 seconds during a constant infusion of microbubbles. A parameter, residual-to-saturation ratio (RSR), was used to assess P-selectin and VCAM-1. Statistical analysis was performed with the Student t test. Results For the inflammation model, RSR of the M Inflammation + MB P-selectin group was significantly higher (40.9%, P &lt; 0.0005) than other groups. For the DIO model, RSR of the M DIO + MB VCAM-1 group was significantly higher (60.0%, P &lt; 0.0005) than other groups. Immunohistochemistry staining of the abdominal aorta confirmed the expression of P-selectin and VCAM-1. Conclusions A statistically significant assessment of P-selectin and VCAM-1 in mouse abdominal aorta was achieved. This technique yields progress toward rapid targeted molecular imaging in large blood vessels and thus has the potential for early diagnosis, treatment selection, and risk stratification of atherosclerosis.
Dynamic stall control by oscillatory forcing (1998)

A parametric study was undertaken to investigate the effect of oscillatory forcing (with zero net mass-flux) on an airfoil undergoing pitch oscillations at rotorcraft reduced frequencies. The primary objective of the study was to maximize the airfoil performance while simultaneously limiting moment excursions to typical pre-stalled conditions. The incidence angle excursions were limited to ±5° and a wide range reduced forcing frequencies and amplitudes were considered for /?e<0.3xl0 with various flap deflections and forcing locations. Significant increases in maximum lift and reductions in form drag were attained while simultaneously containing the moment excursions. Oscillatory forcing was found to be far superior to steady blowing and flap-shoulder forcing was found to be superior to leading-edge forcing.
Supplementary Table S1 from EPHA2 Is a Mediator of Vemurafenib Resistance and a Novel Therapeutic Target in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. The information of the melanoma patients for EphA2 analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Implications of an Improved Model of the TSH Receptor Transmembrane Domain (TSHR-TMD-TRIO) (2021)

The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor group A family member with 7 transmembrane helices. We generated 3 new models of its entire transmembrane region using a 600 ns molecular simulation. The simulation started from our previously published model, which we have now revised by also modeling the intracellular loops and the C-terminal tail, adding internal waters and embedding it into a lipid bilayer with a water layer and with ions added to complete the system. We have named this model TSHR-TMD-TRIO since 3 representative dominant structures were then extracted from the simulation trajectory and compared with the original model. These structures each showed small but significant changes in the relative positions of the helices. The 3 models were also used as targets to dock a set of small molecules that are known active compounds including a new TSHR antagonist (BT362), which confirmed the appropriateness of the model with some small molecules showing significant preference for one or other of the structures.
Abstract 1127: MMSET: Can we flip the switch. (2013)

Abstract Epigenetic regulation of gene expression involves covalent modifications of histones and DNA in a way that does not alter the underlying DNA sequence. Recently, misregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been linked to a number of diseases, including cancer. These data signify the importance of understanding normal and aberrant epigenetic regulation and for development of tools that allow us to modulate various aspects of epigenetic machinery. One approach to do this is by targeting epigenetic enzymes with small molecule inhibitors. MMSET (Multiple Myeloma SET domain), is a histone methyltransferase overexpressed in many cancers, including a subset of multiple myelomas (MM) harboring the t(4;14) translocation. Overexpression of MMSET leads to a global increase in dimethylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me2). The ability of MMSET to methylate H3 depends on a functional SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of zeste and Trithorax) domain, found in most histone methyltransferases. Methylation of H3K36 by MMSET affects overall chromatin structure thereby affecting the expression of many genes, including genes that play a role in cellular proliferation and adhesion. Conversely, the loss of MMSET in t(4;14)+ cells suppresses cell growth and induces apoptosis thus supporting the idea that inhibition of MMSET activity is a viable approach to treatment of this particular type of myeloma. Currently there are not any known inhibitors of MMSET. Using the previously identified structure of the SET domain of NSD1, an MMSET homologue, we performed an in silico screen against a library of compounds to identify those that may fit in the substrate binding pocket of MMSET. We tested the in silico hits in a high throughput screen (HTS) that combines Self-Assembled Monolayers and matrix-assisted laser Desorption Ionization time-of-flight (SAMDI). This method allows us to test the ability of the compounds to inhibit MMSET's methylation activity in a label-free format. From this screen two potential hits have been identified. These compounds have IC50 values in the micromolar range and Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (DSF) confirmed the binding of the small molecule to MMSET. Future in vivo work will determine the potency and selectivity of these compounds towards MMSET. Identifying an effective inhibitor of MMSET could make way for new potential therapeutics in the treatment of t(4;14)+ multiple myeloma, as well as other cancers that overexpress this protein, and could also prove to be highly useful in our efforts to understand the various mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Citation Format: Christine Will, Michael Scholle, Roodolph St. Pierre, Ji Hyun Shim, Zhong Jun Cheng, Relja Popovic, Dinshaw J. Patel, James E. Bradner, Alex D. MacKerell, Milan Mrksich, Jonathan D. Licht. MMSET: Can we flip the switch. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1127. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1127
Design and evaluation of a prototype volume CT scanner (2005)

We designed, assembled and evaluated a prototype volume CT scanner (VCT) for the purpose of investigating various calibration methods and cone beam reconstruction algorithms as well as the potential clinical benefits of a high-resolution volume CT scanner. The new VCT is based on SIEMENS Sensation4 CT scanner. To achieve larger volume coverage and higher spatial resolution we replaced the prior 4-slices detector with a flat-panel detector. We also modified the prior x-ray tube to achieve a very small focus size by a smaller emitter and wider axial coverage by a larger anode angle. In addition the high-voltage generator was enhanced to support pulsed operation. Special measurement methods were elaborated and applied to measure the focus size, shape and position as well as the uniformity of the flat field x-ray exposure. The accuracy and stability of gantry rotation speed has been evaluated to decide for the most appropriate exposure trigger. New methods are applied to measure and calibrate the resulted x-ray geometry. One prototype VCT scanner is installed at a pre-clinical site to evaluate the application potential of the new VCT technology. The new volume scanner achieves unprecedented spatial resolution, slice sensitivity and spatial coverage. In a complementary paper we present the image quality, contrast resolution and dose issues associated with this scanner.
Production rate and diameter analysis of spherical monodisperse microbubbles from two-dimensional, expanding-nozzle flow-focusing microfluidic devices (2013)

Flow-focusing microfluidic devices (FFMDs) can produce microbubbles (MBs) with precisely controlled diameters and a narrow size distribution. In this paper, poly-dimethyl-siloxane based, rectangular-nozzle, two-dimensional (2-D) planar, expanding-nozzle FFMDs were characterized using a high speed camera to determine the production rate and diameter of Tween 20 (2% v/v) stabilized MBs. The effect of gas pressure and liquid flow rate on MB production rate and diameter was analyzed in order to develop a relationship between FFMD input parameters and MB production. MB generation was observed to transition through five regimes at a constant gas pressure and increasing liquid flow rate. Each MB generation event (i.e., break-off to break-off) was further separated into two characteristic phases: bubbling and waiting. The duration of the bubbling phase was linearly related to the liquid flow rate, while the duration of the waiting phase was related to both liquid flow rate and gas pressure. The MB production rate was found to be inversely proportional to the sum of the bubbling and waiting times, while the diameter was found to be proportional to the product of the gas pressure and bubbling time.
Three Dimensional Structure of the MqsR:MqsA Complex: A Novel TA Pair Comprised of a Toxin Homologous to RelE and an Antitoxin with Unique Properties (2009)

One mechanism by which bacteria survive environmental stress is through the formation of bacterial persisters, a sub-population of genetically identical quiescent cells that exhibit multidrug tolerance and are highly enriched in bacterial toxins. Recently, the Escherichia coli gene mqsR (b3022) was identified as the gene most highly upregulated in persisters. Here, we report multiple individual and complex three-dimensional structures of MqsR and its antitoxin MqsA (B3021), which reveal that MqsR:MqsA form a novel toxin:antitoxin (TA) pair. MqsR adopts an alpha/beta fold that is homologous with the RelE/YoeB family of bacterial ribonuclease toxins. MqsA is an elongated dimer that neutralizes MqsR toxicity. As expected for a TA pair, MqsA binds its own promoter. Unexpectedly, it also binds the promoters of genes important for E. coli physiology (e.g., mcbR, spy). Unlike canonical antitoxins, MqsA is also structured throughout its entire sequence, binds zinc and coordinates DNA via its C- and not N-terminal domain. These studies reveal that TA systems, especially the antitoxins, are significantly more diverse than previously recognized and provide new insights into the role of toxins in maintaining the persister state.
Anisotropic electric conduction derived from self-organized nanogroove array on Li-doped NiO epitaxial film (2007)

The self-assembly formation of straight and periodic nanogroove arrays was carried out on the surface of Li-doped NiO thin films by use of atomic steps on the substrate. The nanostructure was formed by annealing Li-doped NiO (111) epitaxial thin film prepared on an atomically stepped α-Al2O3 (0001) substrate via pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. V-shaped nanogrooves, with a depth of ∼20nm and an open-end width of ∼50nm, were observed over the entire substrate and characterized by cross-sectional transmission-electron microscopy. The separation of the aligned nanogrooves was from 80to100nm, comparable to the size of the atomic steps on the substrate. Anisotropic electric conduction was definitely attained for the Li-doped NiO thin film with the nanogroove array. A resistance ratio up to about 100 was obtained for both directions parallel and perpendicular to the nanogrooves. The resultant anisotropy was considered to be mainly caused by anisotropic grain growth due to self-organized reconstruction of the NiO film during annealing.
Systolic blood pressure estimation using PPG during physical exercise (2016)

A model to estimate systolic blood pressure (SBP) using finger-derived photoplethysmography (PPG) signals is proposed for 19 healthy subjects during physical exercise. The estimation was done for every 30 s during the period of exercise, before which an initialization process for each subject at rest was performed. Eighteen features were extracted from PPG signals and a multiple linear regression (MLR) method was employed to combine all derived features to estimate SBP. Our results showed that the proposed model had a performance in estimating SBP with a mean difference of -0.40 mmHg, a standard deviation of difference of 14.07 mmHg, and a median intra-subject correlation coefficients of 0.85. The present work demonstrated promising results of estimating SBP using PPG during physical exercise.
Face recognition by incremental learning (2004)

One of the important features for human machine interaction is its ability to recognize human faces. This paper presents a novel architecture suitable for real time robotic face recognition by learning a person's face incrementally, where the Gabor features at respective feature locations of a face are used to derive a similarity measurement. A face tracking followed by a clustering technique is used to learn a person's face appearance variance when the system interacts with the person. The recognition by learning proposed in this paper is similar to the partial memory incremental learning method, where we proposed a novel approach to the learning and updating process. Experiment shows significant improvement in the face recognition performance after learning over the time and with more interaction between a person and the system.
A C4-oxidizing Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase Cleaving Both Cellulose and Cello-oligosaccharides (2013)

Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable resource that significantly can substitute fossil resources for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials. Efficient saccharification of this biomass to fermentable sugars will be a key technology in future biorefineries. Traditionally, saccharification was thought to be accomplished by mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes. However, recently it has been shown that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) contribute to this process by catalyzing oxidative cleavage of insoluble polysaccharides utilizing a mechanism involving molecular oxygen and an electron donor. These enzymes thus represent novel tools for the saccharification of plant biomass. Most characterized LPMOs, including all reported bacterial LPMOs, form aldonic acids, i.e., products oxidized in the C1 position of the terminal sugar. Oxidation at other positions has been observed, and there has been some debate concerning the nature of this position (C4 or C6). In this study, we have characterized an LPMO from Neurospora crassa (NcLPMO9C; also known as NCU02916 and NcGH61-3). Remarkably, and in contrast to all previously characterized LPMOs, which are active only on polysaccharides, NcLPMO9C is able to cleave soluble cello-oligosaccharides as short as a tetramer, a property that allowed detailed product analysis. Using mass spectrometry and NMR, we show that the cello-oligosaccharide products released by this enzyme contain a C4 gemdiol/keto group at the nonreducing end.
High-performance flexible transparent nanomesh electrodes (2019)

A cost-effective process for producing high-performance Ag-paste-based flexible transparent nanomesh electrodes (FTNEs) was developed by optimizing their linewidth, pitch, and height. These nanomesh electrodes, with a linewidth of several hundred nanometers and a pitch of 10-200 μm on a PET substrate, achieved wide ranges of transmittance (83.1%-98.8%) and sheet resistance (1.2-30.9 Ω/sq) and a figure of merit (992-1619) superior to those of indium tin oxide and silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes. Our evaluation of their flexibility (testing up to 50 000 cycles) and their electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness verifies the applicability of these FTNEs to various flexible optoelectronic devices.
Breakdown characteristics in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with multi-field-plate structure (2012)

We have fabricated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with a multi-field-plate structure. An enhanced breakdown voltage was achieved by introducing a multi-field-plate to a conventional HEMT structure. This is the first report demonstrating enhanced breakdown characteristics by applying a bias voltage to the field-plate.
Calculation of Tissue Oxygenation via an Inverse Boundary Problem for Transcutaneous Oxygenation Wearable Applications (2023)

In this article, we present a toolset to fully leverage a previously developed transcutaneous oxygenation monitor (TCOM) wearable technology to accurately measure skin oxygenation values. We describe numerical models and experimental characterization techniques that allow for the extraction of precise tissue oxygenation measurements. The numerical model is based on an inverse boundary problem of the parabolic equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. To validate this model and characterize the diffusion of oxygen through the oxygen sensing materials, we designed a series of control/calibration experiments modeled after the device's clinical application using oxygenation values in the physiological range expected for healthy tissue. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain accurate tissue pO<sub>2</sub> measurements without the need for long equilibration times with a small wearable device.
Supplementary Methods from Targeting Multiple Myeloma with AMG 424, a Novel Anti-CD38/CD3 Bispecific T-cell–recruiting Antibody Optimized for Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Release (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Affinity measurements and antibody panels&lt;/p&gt;
Joint Monitorless Load-Balancing and Autoscaling for Zero-Wait-Time in Data Centers (2020)

Cloud architectures achieve scaling through two main functions: (i) load-balancers, which dispatch queries among replicated virtualized application instances, and (ii) autoscalers, which automatically adjust the number of replicated instances to accommodate variations in load patterns. These functions are often provided through centralized load monitoring, incurring operational complexity. This article introduces a unified and centralized-monitoring-free architecture achieving both autoscaling and load-balancing, reducing operational overhead while increasing response time performance. Application instances are virtually ordered in a chain, and new queries are forwarded along this chain until an instance, based on its local load, accepts the query. Autoscaling is triggered by the last application instance, which inspects its average load and infers if its chain is under- or over-provisioned. An analytical model of the system is derived, and proves that the proposed technique can achieve asymptotic zero-wait time with high (and controlable) probability. This result is confirmed by extensive simulations, which highlight close-to-ideal performance in terms of both response time and resource costs.
Development of Design Principles to Author AR in Education Based on Teacher's Perspectives (2022)

The lack of AR authoring tools thought from the educational perspective is one of the reasons that hinder Augmented Reality’s widespread use in education. This work investigates important characteristics for AR authoring in education in the form of design principles. We aimed to identify how teachers would like to create AR experiences based on their pedagogic needs through Design Based Research (DBR) with the participation of an interdisciplinary team. We followed the 4 steps of DBR in 2 cycles. We worked with teachers to understand their educational needs when authoring AR experiences. Then, we defined and prototyped a case study focused on language for children and teenagers, which we evaluated in two test rounds. As a result, we proposed 11 design principles divided into three aspects: infrastructure, augmented reality, and pedagogy, which were evaluated positively by teachers.
Natural Language Processing in Diagnostic Texts from Nephropathology (2022)

While textual morphological description alone enables retrieving the correct diagnosis for some entities, it does not work sufficiently for other entities. This is in accordance with a previous image analysis study on glomerular change patterns, where some diagnoses are associated with one pattern, but for others, there exists a complex pattern combination.