gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of regulation of cell-mediated immunity. IV. Azobenzenearsonate-specific suppressor factor(s) bear cross-reactive idiotypic determinants the expression of which is linked to the heavy-chain allotype linkage group of genes. (1979)

T-cell derived suppressor factor(s) (SF) specific for azobenzenearsonate (ABA) were prepared by the mechanical disruption of suppressor cells. Such suppressor factors were adsorbed to and recovered from immunoadsorbents prepared from the F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit immunoglobulin directed against the cross-reactive idiotype of A/J anti-ABA antibodies. These ABA-suppressor factors were not retained on Sepharose 4B immunoadsorbent columns which had been coupled with F(ab')2 fragments or normal rabbit immunoglobulins prepared from prebleeds of rabbits used to make anti-idiotypic antiserum. The specificity of the F(ab')2 rabbit anti-idiotypic serum was established by direct idiotypic-binding assays and by affinity purification over an immunoadsorbent consisting of CRI+ anti-ABA immunoglobulin from A/J mice. ABA-suppressor factors were shown to be specifically absorbed and eluted from F(ab')2 anti-idiotypic columns. Futhermore, the eluted suppressor factor can be specifically reabsorbed and recovered from a second anti-idiotypic immunoadsorbent. The concordance between antigen-binding specificity and the presence of idiotypic determinants was demonstrated by adsorbing ABA SF to antigen columns and then fractionating the ABA-specific factor on anti-idiotypic immunoadsorbents. ABA-suppressor factors were shown to be specifically retained on immunoadsorbents directed against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants. Factor eluted from anti-MHC columns could then be specifically adsorbed to anti-idiotypic immunoadsorbents. This suggests that the same molecular complex that is recognized by the H-2 alloantiserum is specifically adsorbed to an anti-idiotypic immunoadsorbent. Genetic analysis of the expression of CRI+ suppressor factor was performed using the C.AL-20 mouse strain which has the AL/N allotype and produces CRI+ anti-ABA immunoglobulins. The implication of these findings to the nature of T-cell-derived regulatory molecules is discussed.
Detection of hemorrhage regions in the brain using ultrasound vibrometry. (2011)

Detection of hemorrhage regions in the brain using an ultrasound technique was investigated. Ultrasound techniques are desirable to complement magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography x-ray techniques for several reasons. Ultrasound does not subject the body to harmful radiation, the equipment is more portable and relatively inexpensive, and ultrasound does not have restrictions on use around metal objects. The technique could thus have application to monitoring patients with a high probability of brain hemorrhage. Efforts have been focused on developing a finite element model and corresponding laboratory experiment. The approach was to apply a low-frequency translational vibration which generated shear waves in the tissue material that could be interrogated using a ranging ultrasonic vibrometer. The experiment consisted of a synthetic tissue phantom encapsulated in a solid shell. The material properties in a hematoma vary with time as coagulation occurs, beginning as a liquid and transitioning to a soft elastic solid. The relatively short wavelength in an inclusion containing coagulating blood compared to that in tissue provided contrast to the inclusion region. The effect was enhanced by the fact that wavelengths at practical excitation frequencies were comparable to typical inclusion dimensions causing high amplitudes due to resonance.
Hodgkin lymphoma (2014)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the few curable cancers among adults. Compared with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, bulky infradiaphragmatic lesions with obstructive symptoms are rare in HL. An excisional biopsy of a suspicious lymph node should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of HL. Enough material should be extracted; however, ‘spacious debulking’ to reduce tumour mass does not improve the prognosis of HL. HL patients are usually treated according to stage and risk factors. The histological subtype – except the lymphocyte-predominant type – does not influence the treatment decision. The stage of HL at diagnosis is determined according to the Ann Arbor classification. In an attempt to more precisely define the risk for patients with advanced HL, a variety of clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed to construct a prognostic index. Patients with early stage unfavourable HL generally qualify for combined modality treatment.
Immunization practices in acute lymphocytic leukemia and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant in Canadian Pediatric Hematology/Oncology centers (2016)

There are no Canadian immunization guidelines for children treated for malignancy. Guidelines do exist for patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), but they provide broad timeframes for initiating vaccination; there is no standard schedule. The optimal approach to immunization in these populations is unclear. We sought to describe immunization practices at Canadian Pediatric Hematology/Oncology centers. A 43-item online questionnaire was distributed to the 16 programs in the C(17) research network of pediatric hematology/oncology centers to capture information on timing and criteria for immunization of patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and those who have undergone HSCT. At each center, 1-2 physicians or pharmacists completed the survey to reflect center-wide immunization practices. Responses were received from 11/16 (69%) programs; 11 respondents reported on practices for patients with ALL and 9 reported on practices for patients who are post-HSCT. In 5/11 ALL programs (45%) re-immunization is recommended routinely after chemotherapy, starting 3-6 months post-chemotherapy. In HSCT programs, timing of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) varied from 3 months post-HSCT (4 programs) to 12 months post-HSCT (4 programs). Live vaccines were administered 24 months post-HSCT in 8/9 programs. All HSCT programs considered graft-versus-host-disease and 7 considered discontinuation of immunosuppression in immunization decisions. Pediatric hematology/oncology programs were divided in regards to re-immunization of patients with ALL post-chemotherapy. After HSCT, timing of PCV administration varied, with 4 programs initiating immunization later than Canadian guidelines recommend (3-9 months post-HSCT). These findings suggest a need to standardize immunization practices in these populations.
On the validity of a thermal spike mixing model for low-Z metals (1990)

Low temperature ion beam mixing rates for Cu-Ti, Ni-Ti, and Fe-Ti layers have been found to be significantly lower than predicted by a popular semi-empirical thermal spike model. It has been proposed that the unavoidable hydrogen contamination of the as-deposited Ti films may have reduced the mixing rates, but the measurement of even lower mixing rates for Fe-V and Fe-Co bilayers shows the discrepancy to be more fundamental. Still, a systematic dependence on heat of mixing suggests that some sort of diffusional (thermal spike?) mechanism is involved.
IMI – Industry Guidelines and Ethical Considerations for Myopia Control Report (2019)

Undertaking MC treatment in minors creates an ethical challenge for a wide variety of stakeholders. Regulatory bodies, manufacturers, academics, and clinicians all share an ethical responsibility to ensure that the products used for MC are safe and efficacious and that patients understand the benefits and potential risks of such products. This International Myopia Institute report highlights these ethical challenges and provides stakeholders with recommendations and guidelines in the development, financial support, prescribing, and advertising of such treatments.
Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatment (2015)

Insects, nematodes and mites that damage postharvest plant products can cause severe quality losses or trade restrictions in case of quarantine organisms. With the ban of the ozone depleting methyl bromide (MeBr), the most widely used chemical for phytosanitary treatments, effective and sustainable alternatives are required. A physical method, Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatment (CATT) can be a sustainable alternative for the control of pests on living plant products. Optimising CA-conditions besides temperature and exposure time can help in developing successful applications. In The Netherlands, a successful application to disinfest strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) planting material from strawberry tarsonemid mite (Phytonemus pallidus) or plant parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne hapla was developed and implemented in practice. Initial tests with a number of other potential quarantine plant-pest combinations showed promising results of CATT.
A LO'W COST, MICROPROCESSOR COMPATIBLE, 18.4 um2, 6-T BULK CELL TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH SPEED SRAMS (1991)

A un,que low cost, microprocessor compatible, 0.5 pm, 5V CMOS technology utilizing an 18.4 pm2 bulk 6T cell for high density, high speed SRAMs is described. Microprocessor compatibility is ensured by improving CMOS and interconnect area efficiency. A 256K SRAM is used to demonstrate the technology.
Enhancement of DC-based immunotherapy using a small molecule TGF-β inhibitor (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

5310 

The limited clinical efficacy of existing dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines can be attributed in part to suppressive factors produced by the growing tumor that inhibit the ability of the immune system to mount an effective anti-tumor response. One of these factors is transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). We have previously shown that TGF-β directly contributes to the invasive and metastatic potential of 4T1 breast cancer cells by inducing morphological changes indicative of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, this cytokine may further promote tumor progression in vivo by inhibiting the antigen presenting and immunostimulatory activities of DCs. Strategies that neutralize the effects of TGF-β may therefore lead to more effective DC-based cancer therapies by controlling tumor spread and permitting the successful induction of the anti-tumor response. HTS466284 is a potent small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β that has been shown to selectively bind to the TGF-β receptor type I (TGF-βRI), stabilizing this receptor in an inactive conformation that subsequently inhibits downstream signaling events. In this study, we employed HTS466284, a novel TGF-βRI kinase inhibitor, to render DCs resistant to the deleterious effects of tumor-derived TGF-β in order to more effectively treat established 4T1 tumors. Our results show that HTS466284 blocked gene transcription in a dose dependant manner following TGF-β exposure in mink lung epithelial cells transfected with the TGF-β responsive 3TP-Lux reporter construct. In addition, HTS466284 prevented Smad2 phosphorylation, an early step in the TGF-β signaling cascade, in both DCs and 4T1 cells. Blockade of TGF-β signal transduction in 4T1 cells by HTS466284 treatment prevented TGF-β-induced EMT and inhibited the in vitro migration of these cells. Finally, treatment of mice bearing established 4T1 tumors with the combination of DC and HTS466284 significantly delayed tumor growth and inhibited surface lung metastasis formation. These results demonstrate that HTS466284 treatment may represent a viable strategy to bolster the efficacy of DC-based anti-cancer vaccines.
Lithium Furyl and Pyridyl Amidinates as Building Blocks in Coordination Polymers, Ladder and Cage Structures (2009)

Lithium N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)heterocyclic amidinate complexes with 3- and 4-pyridyl and 3-furyl carbon substituents were prepared by addition of the corresponding nitriles to LiN(SiMe(3))(2) (LiNTMS(2)) solution. In the presence of N,N,N',N' tetramethylethylene diamine (TMEDA), both pyridyl amidinates crystallize as coordination polymers with an amidinate-Li-pyridyl backbone. The 4-pyridyl derivative (7) creates a linear polymer with amidinate-Li-TMEDA units as side chains, whereas the 3-pyridyl polymer (6) has a two-dimensional (2D) network structure in which TMEDA serves as a cross-linker. Solvation of the reaction mixture of 3-furonitrile and LiNTMS(2) with TMEDA affords the monomeric 3-furyl amidinate Li TMEDA complex (3). Crystals of the Li(2)O complex {[3-furyl-C-(NTMS)(2)Li](4).Li(2)O}.C(7)H(8) (4) are obtained from toluene by partial hydrolysis of the unsolvated 3-furyl amidinate (2). Degradation of the polymer (7) to monomeric units can be achieved by solvation in toluene or by reaction with TMS(2)NLi.TMEDA that affords crystals of the complex {NTMS(2)Li.[4-C(5)H(4)N-C(NTMS)(2)Li.TMEDA]}(2).(NTMS(2)Li.TMEDA) (8). The formation of these aggregates can be rationalized by directed substitution of TMEDA with pyridyl moieties and by the laddering principle.
Structure and function of a spectrin-like regulator of bacterial cytokinesis (2014)

Bacterial cell division is facilitated by a molecular machine--the divisome--that assembles at mid-cell in dividing cells. The formation of the cytokinetic Z-ring by the tubulin homologue FtsZ is regulated by several factors, including the divisome component EzrA. Here we describe the structure of the 60-kDa cytoplasmic domain of EzrA, which comprises five linear repeats of an unusual triple helical bundle. The EzrA structure is bent into a semicircle, providing the protein with the potential to interact at both N- and C-termini with adjacent membrane-bound divisome components. We also identify at least two binding sites for FtsZ on EzrA and map regions of EzrA that are responsible for regulating FtsZ assembly. The individual repeats, and their linear organization, are homologous to the spectrin proteins that connect actin filaments to the membrane in eukaryotes, and we thus propose that EzrA is the founding member of the bacterial spectrin family.
Breast MRI radiomics: comparison of computer- and human-extracted imaging phenotypes (2017)

Quantitative radiomics of breast cancer may replicate human-extracted tumour size and BI-RADS imaging phenotypes, thus enabling precision medicine.
Thin film phantom for blood flow simulation (2002)

The thin film phantom is a new type of ultrasound resolution test object. It is comprised of a thin planar substrate that is acoustically matched to the surrounding media. Precisely located scatterers on the surface of the substrate generate echo signals. We show that by vibrating the substrate in a suitable manner, an echo signal may be generated which simulates bidirectional flow. We demonstrate that a vibration of low amplitude at frequency f/sub 0/ produces a Doppler spectral signal at f/sub 0/ and -f/sub 0/, within the limits of aliasing. Furthermore, by driving the film with a bandlimited noise signal, we illustrate how a velocity distribution may be simulated. A time-varying flow velocity may be simulated by varying the noise bandwidth with time. Finally, using this technique we demonstrate a system that simulates an arterial flow pattern including its characteristic velocity distribution, in forward and reverse directions simultaneously.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Throughput Strategies for the Discovery of Catalysts (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Halogen Bonding Assembles Anion⋅⋅⋅Anion Architectures in Non‐centrosymmetric Iodate and Bromate Crystals (2023)

Single crystal X-ray diffraction of iodate and bromate salts shows that the I and Br atoms in IO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> and BrO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> anions form short and linear O-I/Br⋅⋅⋅O contacts with the O atoms of nearby anions. Non-centrosymmetric systems are formed wherein anions are orderly aligned into supramolecular 1D and 2D networks. Theoretical evidences, namely the outcome of QTAIM and NCIplot studies, prove the attractive nature of these contacts and the ability of iodate and bromate anions to act as robust halogen bond (HaB) donors. The HaB is proposed as a general and effective assisting tool to control the architecture of acentric iodate salts.
Assessment of the access selection gain in multi‐radio access networks (2007)

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the capacity gain of access selection in a multi‐radio access network with heterogeneous radio access technologies (RATs). We classify the kinds of gain that can be achieved by access selection: statistical multiplexing in the multi‐access system leads to a trunking gain, spatial transmission diversity results from the geographic capacity distribution of the cell layout, stochastic transmission diversity exploits the multi‐path fading characteristics. We show how these different properties are affected by the cell layout of the different RATs, the characteristics of each RAT and the traffic load distribution in the network. In a simulation environment the system capacity for the combination of two wide‐area access technologies, as well as, for the combination of a wide‐area and a local‐area access technology is investigated. For this, we compare two different access selection algorithms. One uses the radio link quality as an input parameter, while the other also considers the cell load. We derive quantitative figures for the capacity gain in a large number of scenarios and show that load‐based access selection can significantly increase the capacity. We show that the gain of an overlay of local‐area access cells provides little capacity gain for uniform geographic load distribution, whereas significant gain can be achieved when most users are located at hotspots. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Patient-reported anxiety with localized prostate cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). (2018)

52 Background: Anxiety is a common aliment among elderly men. It may be negatively impacted by the diagnosis of cancer. Effective cancer treatment may alleviate anxiety. The EORTC QLQ-ELD14 (ELD14) is a validated questionnaire, which evaluates patient reported anxiety. Using the ELD14 questionnaire, this study assesses the trends in prostate cancer patient’s anxiety before and after treatment with SBRT. Methods: All patients with localized prostate cancer who received SBRT at Georgetown University Hospital from 2007 to 2016 were eligible for inclusion in this cross-sectional cohort. The ELD14 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life before and following treatment. Initially, approximately 267 patients (median age of 70) responded to the ELD14 questionnaire. This study is focused on questions related to patient’s anxiety regarding their families, future, health and end of life. The responses to these questions were grouped into three clinically relevant categories (not at all, a little and quite a bit to very much). Results: Prior to treatment, 19% of patients felt quite a bit or very much worried about their families coping with their illness. This decreased to 9% at 24 months post-SBRT (p = 0.007). Initially, 27% of patients reported concerns for the future of their families, which subsequently decreased to 20% at 24 months (p = 0.15). At initial consult, 32% of patients reported being worried about their future health. This decreased to 13% at 24 months (p &lt; 0.001). Twenty percent of patient reported concern about their future at initial consult; this declined to 11% at 24 months (p = 0.03). And finally, self reported anxiety about end of life was 18% at the initial consult and 12% at 24 months (p = 0.16). Conclusions: Self-reported anxiety surrounding family, health and future is prevalent amongst prostate cancer patients at initial evaluation. Significant reduction in anxiety is observed in our cohort post-SBRT. Further investigations in the causes of pre and post-treatment anxiety may offer valuable insight into preventable root causes and improvement in patient’s quality of life.
An Analytical Study of Intensity Flow for Active Structural Acoustic Control in Cylinders (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effect of different types of control force actuator models and geometries on the intensity flow between a cylindrical shell and the contained acoustic space has been analytically investigated. The primary source was an external monopole located adjacent to the exterior surface of the cylinder midpoint. Actuator models of normal point forces and in-plane piezoelectric patches were assumed attached to the wall of a simply-supported, elastic cylinder closed with rigid end caps. Control inputs to the actuators were determined such that the integrated square of the pressure over the interior of the vibrating cylinder was a minimum. Test cases involving a resonant acoustic response and a resonant structural response were investigated. Significant interior noise reductions were achieved for all actuator configurations. Intensity distributions for the test cases show the circuitous path of structural acoustic power flow. For the cases tested, regions remote from the primary source contributed more significantly to the inward intensity flux than regions adjacent to the exterior source. The effect of using discrete small scale control actuators in the minimization of the interior acoustic field was to break the shell wall into many higher order spatial sources (regions) that transferred less overall energy into the acoustic medium. The use of extended piezoelectric actuators dramatically reduced the energy exchange over the whole structure. This occurred due to the reduced excitation of higher order structural modes.&lt;/div&gt;
Large impact of strain on the electro-optic effect in (Ba, Sr)TiO3 thin films: Experiment and theoretical comparison (2019)

(001)-epitaxial (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 (BST) thin films with different magnitudes of compressive strain were fabricated on SrRuO3/SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and their electro-optic (EO) properties were characterized by modulation ellipsometry at different temperatures. All fabricated films showed an increased paraelectric-to-ferroelectric phase transition temperature upon compressive strain and revealed c-domain structures in the ferroelectric phase. We experimentally clarified that the EO properties of compressively strained BST thin films are enhanced toward the phase transition temperature modified by the strain. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical prediction based on a phenomenological thermodynamic model. Although the measured EO coefficient rc was less than that theoretically predicted, the experimentally observed strain effect on the EO properties is in good qualitative agreement.
Exploring plant and lichen-associated microbial diversity for discovery of small-molecule bioactive agents (2015)

Plant and lichen-associated microorganisms represent a largely untapped resource of small-molecule natural products with chemical structures that have conceivably been optimized by evolution for biological and/or ecological relevance. In our search for natural products with bioactivity and/or novel structures, we have investigated numerous fungal strains living in association with plants and lichens. Extracts and/or pure compounds derived from cultures of these fungal strains have been screened in assays relevant for anticancer, anti-HIV and anti-TB drug discovery, and plant stress tolerance. Organisms producing extracts found to be active in these assays were cultured on large-scale and the derived extracts have been subjected to bioactivity-guided fractionation to obtain a variety of natural products with bioactivity and/or novel structures suggesting the potential of this under-explored niche for small-molecule natural products with novel structural types and/or pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. Isolation, structure elucidation, bioactivity and possible biosynthetic origin of some selected small-molecule metabolites and the significance of their natural occurrence will be presented.