gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Level Modelling and Detection of the Faulty Behaviour of VOQ Switches under Balanced Traffic (2005)

High-speed telecommunications routers are very important systems in today's networked environments. The purpose of this paper is to propose a mathematical model of the faulty behaviour of such systems and, derived from it, a scheme for the detection of errors occurring concurrently with their normal operation. Although the ultimate goal is to obtain a fault-tolerant router, this work concentrates on the scheduler part of the system and, in particular, in the case of virtual output-queued (VOQ) switches. As starting point, in this paper a balanced traffic load is assumed. The faulty behaviour of complex digital processing systems is usually better described at the algorithmic level, particularly when the operation of the system relies on complex mathematical principles. Therefore, the issues related to concurrent error detection are addressed from the developed mathematical model. Results are presented that point to the ability of the proposed solution to detect errors at a high abstraction level. They have been obtained by injecting faults in the algorithm flow rather than in the hardware itself.
Preparation and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride): A high dielectric performance nano-composite for electrical storage (2016)

We have prepared films of polymer nano-composite (PNC) of poly[vinylidene-fluoride] (PVDF) and bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanoparticles. The α and γ electro-active phases were detected, and the addition of BiVO4 drastically increases the formation of the α-phase. Addition of BiVO4 produces up to 98% of electro-active phases. Robust electrostatic interactions arise between charges at the BiVO4-surfaces, and differences in electron affinity between CH2 and CF2 groups created dielectric dipoles. The addition of BiVO4 has not only enhanced the formation of the electrically active phases but also makes each dipole in the phase has its specific characteristics for example its own relaxation time. The AC-electrical permittivity showed that the dielectric constant of 10%wt- BiVO4 nanoparticles in PVDF has a value 44 ε0, which is four times more than the dielectric constant of the as-prepared PVDF films. These data show the importance of these polymers as easy, flexible, and durable energy storage materials.
Cross-competition between vasoactive intestinal peptide and somatostatin for binding to tumor cell membrane receptors. (1994)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide with a wide range of biological activities. Recent data suggest that functional VIP receptors are expressed on various tumor cells. Somatostatin (SST) and its long-acting analogue octreotide (OCT) are potent inhibitors of tumor cell growth and secretion. In the present study, the interactions between VIP and SST/OCT on primary tumors (insulinomas, n = 3; VIPomas, n = 2; intestinal adenocarcinomas, n = 5; neuroblastomas, n = 5; papillary thyroid cancers, n = 7; carcinoids, n = 5; ductal breast cancers, n = 8; small cell lung cancers, n = 3; ACTH-producing hypophyseal adenomas, n = 5; pheochromocytomas, n = 5) as well as on tumor cell lines (A431, HT29, PANC1, COLO320, HMC1, and KU812 cells) were analyzed by use of 123I-labeled VIP and 123I-labeled Tyr-3-OCT. Cross-competition between VIP and SST/OCT for binding to tumor cells was observed. The rank-order of potency for displacement of 123I-labeled VIP binding to intact A431 cells was VIP [concentration causing half-maximal inhibition (IC50) = 2.9 +/- 1.9 (SD) nM] > OCT (IC50 = 9.3 +/- 1.7 nM) = SST > substance P = secretin (IC50 = 1 microM). Binding of 123I-labeled Tyr-3-OCT to A431 cells, in turn, was inhibited by OCT = Tyr-3-OCT (IC50 = 1.5 +/- 0.3 nM) = SST > VIP (IC50 = 4.9 +/- 1.1 nM). This rank-order of potency was also obtained for primary tumors and tumor cell lines. Furthermore, SST and OCT inhibited VIP-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation, cyclic AMP formation, and tyrosine kinase activity with IC50 values < 10 nM. Together, these data provide evidence for functional interactions between SST and VIP on various tumor cells. These interactions may involve peptide cross-competition at cellular binding sites and may have implications for the biology and pathophysiology of respective cells and disease states.
Identification of Active Substances from Streptomyces Culture Fluids Using p53-Independent Expression of p21/MAF1/Cip1 Gene and Their Mode of Action. (1998)

An assay system was constructed to identify chemicals that have a potential to induce p21/WAF1 gene, a target of the tumor suppressor p53 critical for negative growth regulation. Screening of about 1300 culture fluids of Streptomyces resulted in identification of active substances which induced the p21 gene in a p53-independent manner; one was a mixture of four members of the actinomycin group, and the other was trichostatin A. Transcriptional regulatory regions of p21 gene for induction by actinomycin D and trichostatin A were determined by transient expression of luciferase constructs in cells which are p53-deficient (Saos-2) or express a mutated form of p53 (TMK-1). The essential transcriptional elements for the response to these drugs localize within 210 bp of the 5'-upstream region of human p21 gene, and Sp1 elements were determined to be critical for the induction. DNA-binding activity of Sp1 was not increased in cells treated with these drugs, but kinase inhibitors such as staurosporin and wortmannin inhibited the induction.
CCDC 842740: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2011)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Direct integration of active Ge1−x(Si4Sn)x semiconductors on Si(100) (2009)

Doped and intrinsic Ge1−x−ySixSny alloys are synthesized directly on Si(100) using simple deposition chemistries and their optical and electrical properties are determined. Tuning the Si/Sn ratio at ∼4 yields strain-free films with Ge-like cell dimensions, while variation of the ratio around this value produces compressively strained, tetragonal structures with an in-plane lattice constant “pinned” to a value close to that of pure Ge (5.658 Å). First-principles calculations show that mixing entropy thermodynamically stabilizes SiGeSn in contrast to GeSn analogs with the same Sn content. GeSn and SiGeSn are predicted to become metastable for 2% and 12% Sn, respectively, in good agreement with experiment.
Recent progress in silicon double inversion of three-dimensional polymer templates (2006)

We present recent progress in converting polymer templates into three-dimensional silicon photonic crystals by using a silicon-double-inversion procedure. This has led to woodpiles with both improved structural and optical quality.
Crowdsourcing Evaluation of Saliency-based XAI Methods (2021)

Understanding the reasons behind the predictions made by deep neural networks is critical for gaining human trust in many important applications, which is reflected in the increasing demand for explainability in AI (XAI) in recent years. Saliency-based feature attribution methods, which highlight important parts of images that contribute to decisions by classifiers, are often used as XAI methods, especially in the field of computer vision. In order to compare various saliency-based XAI methods quantitatively, several approaches for automated evaluation schemes have been proposed; however, there is no guarantee that such automated evaluation metrics correctly evaluate explainability, and a high rating by an automated evaluation scheme does not necessarily mean a high explainability for humans. In this study, instead of the automated evaluation, we propose a new human-based evaluation scheme using crowdsourcing to evaluate XAI methods. Our method is inspired by a human computation game, "Peek-a-boom", and can efficiently compare different XAI methods by exploiting the power of crowds. We evaluate the saliency maps of various XAI methods on two datasets with automated and crowd-based evaluation schemes. Our experiments show that the result of our crowd-based evaluation scheme is different from those of automated evaluation schemes. In addition, we regard the crowd-based evaluation results as ground truths and provide a quantitative performance measure to compare different automated evaluation schemes. We also discuss the impact of crowd workers on the results and show that the varying ability of crowd workers does not significantly impact the results.
Effects of Psychologic Stress on Repolarization and Relationship to Autonomic and Hemodynamic Factors (2005)

Psychological stress increased TWA, Tamp, and Tarea. Autonomically mediated repolarization changes may be a pathophysiologic link between emotion and arrhythmia in susceptible patients.
Autologous graft-versus-host disease–like syndrome after an alemtuzumab-containing conditioning regimen and autologous stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2006)

A high incidence of autologous graft-versus-host-disease (auto-GVHD) was observed after an alemtuzumab-containing conditioning regimen and autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Skin rash developed in almost all surviving patients (87%). In 7 patients (58%), a diagnosis of auto-GVHD was made (compared with 0% after TBI/Cy; P = .01). All patients with auto-GVHD required immunosuppression, and 3 of 7 were hospitalized because of GVHD. The median duration of GVHD was 517 days (range, 60-867 days). Auto-GVHD was associated with an abnormally high CD4/CD8 ratio because of severe depletion of CD8(+) T cells, pointing to a potential pathomechanism. High non-relapse-related mortality led to the discontinuation of the trial. Current results do not support the use of high-dose alemtuzumab combined with total body irradiation (TBI) and autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT). However, the addition of alemtuzumab led to improved disease control at the molecular level. Longer follow-up will show whether the GVHD-like syndrome may contribute to prolonged minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity.
Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors reduce hepatic events in diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis B (2021)

Background Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a novel class of anti-diabetic drugs that lower the blood glucose level by inhibiting the renal glucose reabsorption. We aimed to evaluate the effect of SGLT2i on the risk of hepatic events in diabetic patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods This is a retrospective territory-wide cohort study. Nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA)-treated diabetic patients with CHB were included. Patients who used SGLT2i for more than 90 days were classified as SGLT2i users and those who had never used SGLT2i were defined as non-SGLT2i users. The primary endpoint was the cumulative incidence of hepatic events. Results Among 5276 NA-treated diabetic patients with CHB, 393 (7.4%) patients were SGLT2i users and 4883 (92.6%) patients were non-users. Ten (2.5%) SGLT2i users and 739 (15.1%) non-users developed hepatic events during the mean follow-up of 25 and 63 months respectively. SGLT2i treatment was significantly associated with a lower risk of hepatic events in univariate analysis (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR): 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22-0.84, P = 0.013) and log-rank test (P = 0.01) before propensity score (PS) weighting. This association was also observed in Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard regression after PS weighting (weighted SHR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19-0.90, P = 0.026). Conclusions Use of SGLT2i may be linked with a lower risk of hepatic events in NA-treated diabetic patients with CHB. Larger cohort studies or randomised trials are warranted.
A large scale expression study associates uc.283-plus lncRNA with pluripotent stem cells and human glioma (2014)

There are 481 ultra-conserved regions (UCRs) longer than 200 bases in the genomes of human, mouse and rat. These DNA sequences are absolutely conserved and show 100% identity with no insertions or deletions. About half of these UCRs are reported as transcribed and many correspond to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). We used custom microarrays with 962 probes representing sense and antisense sequences for the 481 UCRs to examine their expression across 374 normal samples from 46 different tissues and 510 samples representing 10 different types of cancer. The expression in embryonic stem cells of selected UCRs was validated by real time PCR. We identified tissue selective UCRs and studied UCRs in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Among the normal tissues, the uc.283 lncRNA was highly specific for pluripotent stem cells. Intriguingly, the uc.283-plus lncRNA was highly expressed in some solid cancers, particularly in one of the most untreatable types, glioma. Our results suggest that uc.283-plus lncRNA might have a role in pluripotency of stem cells and in the biology of glioma.
Measuring the negative impact of frame dropping on perceptual visual quality (2005)

Work presented in the paper includes two parts: first we measured the detectability and annoyance of frame dropping's effect on perceptual visual quality evaluation under different motion and framesize conditions. Then, a new logistics function and an effective yet simple motion content representation are selected to model the relationship among motion, framerate and negative impact of frame-dropping on visual quality, in one formula. The high Pearson and Spearman correlation results between the MOS and predicted MOSp, as well as the results of other two error metrics, confirm the success of the selected logistic function and motion content representation.
Nuclear cytometry and chromatin organization (2018)

The nuclear-targeting chemical probe, for the detection and quantification of DNA within cells, has been a mainstay of cytometry-from the colorimetric Feulgen stain to smart fluorescent agents with tuned functionality. The level of nuclear structure and function at which the probe aims to readout, or indeed at which a DNA-targeted drug acts, is shadowed by a wide range of detection modalities and analytical methods. These methods are invariably limited in terms of the resolution attainable versus the volume occupied by targeted chromatin structures. The scalar challenge arises from the need to understand the extent and different levels of compaction of genomic DNA and how such structures can be re-modeled, reported, or even perturbed by both probes and drugs. Nuclear cytometry can report on the complex levels of chromatin order, disorder, disassembly, and even active disruption by probes and drugs. Nuclear probes can report defining features of clinical and therapeutic interest as in NETosis and other cell death processes. New cytometric approaches continue to bridge the scalar challenges of analyzing chromatin organization. Advances in super-resolution microscopy address the resolution and depth of analysis issues in cellular systems. Typical of recent insights into chromatin organization enabled by exploiting a DNA interacting probe is ChromEM tomography (ChromEMT). ChromEMT uses the unique properties of the anthraquinone-based cytometric dye DRAQ5™ to reveal that local and global 3D chromatin structures effect differences in compaction. The focus of this review is nuclear and chromatin cytometry, with linked reference to DNA targeting probes and drugs as exemplified by the anthracenediones.
3D-SIP Integration for Autonomous Sensor Nodes (2006)

This paper presents details of a 3D-SIP approach. It involves a package-on-package system level integration method that leads to a 3D stack where the different layers are individual sub-system SIP circuit blocks. By using this approach, the required number of connections between the SIP packages is greatly reduced. A SIP also offers sufficient 3D-interconnect density between the functional layers. Using a 3D SIP approach of integration, a wireless bio-electronic sensor node was realized. This system includes a low-power radio, a matched antenna, a microcontroller with a 12 bit ADC, crystal oscillators, all necessary passives and a custom designed EEG ASIC. The currently demonstrated device is a portable, electroencephalogram (EEG) system for brain activity monitoring
A 400-MHz CMOS radio front-end for ultra low-power medical implantable applications (2009)

A 400-MHz ultra low-power radio front-end for medical implantable applications has been implemented in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology. The circuit consists of an up-converter, a down-converter, and a LO frequency synthesizer. The up-converter employs a push-pull PA, which achieves a saturated output power of 0 dBm with a maximum power added efficiency of 32%. Moreover, the up-converter exhibits a -30-dBc ACPR at an output power of -0.5 dBm with a 200 kbit/s GFSK input signal. The down-converter provides excellent linearity performance exhibiting an output compression point of 1.13 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> , an IIP3 of -23 dBm, and an IIP2 of 8.7 dBm despite a current consumption as low as 1.5 mA. It has a 45-dB conversion gain and a 7.4-dB noise figure. The LO frequency synthesizer features a fully-integrated LC VCO and programmable channel steps. It provides a phase noise better than -96 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset and a spur rejection of -52 dBc. Operating from a 1.2-V supply, the overall front-end draws 3 mA in receive mode and 4.5 mA in transmit mode.
Autonomous Polycrystalline Material Decomposition for Hyperspectral Neutron Tomography (2023)

Hyperspectral neutron tomography is an effective method for analyzing crystalline material samples with complex compositions in a non-destructive manner. Since the counts in the hyperspectral neutron radiographs directly depend on the neutron cross-sections, materials may exhibit contrasting neutron responses across wavelengths. Therefore, it is possible to extract the unique signatures associated with each material and use them to separate the crystalline phases simultaneously. We introduce an autonomous material decomposition (AMD) algorithm to automatically characterize and localize polycrystalline structures using Bragg edges with contrasting neutron responses from hyperspectral data. The algorithm estimates the linear attenuation coefficient spectra from the measured radiographs and then uses these spectra to perform polycrystalline material decomposition and reconstructs 3D material volumes to localize materials in the spatial domain. Our results demonstrate that the method can accurately estimate both the linear attenuation coefficient spectra and associated reconstructions on both simulated and experimental neutron data.
Chemically Modified Graphene for Sensing and Nanomechanical Applications (2009)

Abstract : Chemically modified graphene (CMG) has emerged as a new material whose many attractive properties complement those of pure graphene. Graphene, a single atomic sheet of carbon bonded in a honeycomb lattice, has remarkable physical properties ranging from near-ballistic electron conduction to extremely high mechanical stiffness (more than five times that of steel). Such extreme properties motivate researchers to investigate these materials for use in applications ranging from high-frequency, low-power electronics, to flexible displays, chemical/biological sensors, and high-frequency electromechanical devices. We have developed a process to form large-area, ultra-thin CMG films that enable us to investigate CMG properties and to explore prototype devices. Using these films we have fabricated state-of-the-art chemical sensors and nanomechanical resonators. For chemical sensors, we have increased the sensitivity and reduced the level of noise by tuning the CMG film chemistry. These optimized sensors are capable of real-time detection of explosives and the three main classes of chemical-warfare agents at parts-per-billion concentrations. For nanomechanics, we have utilized chemical modification to produce suspended films under high tension. These high-stiffness, low-mass resonators display quality factors (up to 4000) and figures of merit well exceeding those of pure graphene resonators and are comparable to diamond thin films. Together, these results demonstrate that CMG is an inexpensive, high-performance material that will find application in a wide range of defense and commercial applications.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 measured in urine from bladder cancer patients is an independent prognostic marker of poor survival (2010)

MMP-9 measured in urine from bladder cancer patients was a strong independent prognostic marker of poor survival. This is the first time high levels of MMP-9 measured in urine from bladder cancer patients have been linked to poor prognosis. This may reflect MMP-9 playing a role in tumour invasion and metastasis. It may be possible to non-invasively measure tumour response to therapy and identify possible tumour recurrence in an early phase.
Assessing the need for nanotechnology education reform in the United States (2006)

Historically, the U.S. has been the global leader in the development of nanotechnologies that are widely believed to be the foundation of the next industrial revolution. However, unless fundamental changes are made in the educational infrastructure in the U.S. to reverse the general erosion of science, technology, engineering, and math (“STEM”) education, and to address the specific growing need for a robust nanotechnology workforce, current trends in the global demographic of the high-technology talent pool and R&D infrastructure will lead to a shift in the global dominance in science, technology, and engineering from the U.S. to Asia. For the U.S. to reverse these trends and thus maintain its technological and economic leadership, the infrastructure for nanotechnology education needs to be significantly enhanced. In particular, this infrastructure should include educational models and curricula that will institutionalize an interdisciplinary education, thus exposing students to the connections between disciplines and their relationship to nanotechnology at all levels. The future nanotechnology workforce will also require an increased role for demographic groups that have historically been underrepresented in STEM related fields. Nanotechnology research universities are positioned to play an important role in initiating this educational reform. While programs in nanotechnology are currently being developed for the K-16 level and the general public, significantly more effort is needed to develop effective and comprehensive nanotechnology education reform.