gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral Abstract Sessions: Young Investigator Award session * Thursday 8 December 2011, 12:45-13:45 * Location: Pecs (2011)

Purpose: Non-invasive assessment of changes in vascular inflammatory activity may be of use in managing medical therapy in patients with atherosclerotic disease and for developing new candidate therapies. We hypothesized that molecular imaging of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEU) could be used to assess the effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on vascular inflammation. Methods: Mice deficient for the LDL-receptor and Apobec-1 editing protein that develop atherosclerosis in a time-dependent fashion were studied. Beginning at 12 weeks of age, mice received 8 weeks of either regular chow (n10) or chow containing atorvastatin (0.01% wt/wt; n12). At 20 weeks of age, CEU molecular imaging of the ascending aorta was performed after I.V. injection of VCAM-1-targeted (MBV) and control microbubbles (MBC).High frequency transthoracic ultrasound imaging (40MHz) was used for noninvasive assessment of plaque burden by measuring aortic wall thickness. Plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL+VLDL cholesterol were measured. Histology with Movat's pentachrome was used to quantify plaque burden. Fluorescence immunohistology and Western blot was used to localize and quantify VCAM-1 expression in the aortic wall. Results: Atorvastatin treatment lowered plasma LDL+VLDL cholesterol levels by 20% in statin-treated animals vs control animals (189.1mg/dl vs 233 mg/dl, p0.03). On histology, plaque burden was reduced by 61% in statin treated animals (3.7% of luminal area vs 9.2%, p,0.005). Aortic VCAM-1 expression on Western blot was reduced by 41% (p,0.01) by atorvastatin, which corresponded to less endothelial expression of VCAM-1 on immunohistology. High frequency ultrasound was unable to detect differences in aortic wall thickness between the two animal groups. In contrast, CEU molecular imaging demonstrated selective signal enhancement for MBV in control animals (MBV 2+1.1 vs MBC 0.7+.08, P,0.01), but not instatin-treated animals (MBV 0.8+0.5 vs MBC 1.0+0.6, pns; p,0.01 for the effect of statin treatment on MBV signal). Conclusions: Non-invasive CEU molecular imaging can detect changes in vascular inflammatory phenotype in response to antiatherogenic treatments at a point in time when non-invasive morphologic imaging is unableto detect differences in plaque burden. This technique may be useful in the assessment of treatment effects both in preclinical research as well as in patients.
Blind Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Technique for WiMAX RF Front-end (2006)

This paper proposes a new technique for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction using post-compensation for a RF front-end of OFDM-based transmitters. A clipping function is first applied to the base band input signal in order to optimize the efficiency of the power amplifier (PA). Then a post-compensation technique is used to correct for the clipping in-band and out-of-band noise. The injection of the error signal, computed digitally in base band and transposed to the RF frequency, at the output of the PA allowed the reduction of the error vector magnitude and adjacent channel interference ratio
HLA-A∗02-gated safety switch for cancer therapy has exquisite specificity for its allelic target antigen (2022)

Innovative cell-based therapies are important new weapons in the fight against difficult-to-treat cancers. One promising strategy involves cell therapies equipped with multiple receptors to integrate signals from more than one antigen. We developed a specific embodiment of this approach called Tmod, a two-receptor system that combines activating and inhibitory inputs to distinguish between tumor and normal cells. The selectivity of Tmod is enforced by the inhibitory receptor (blocker) that recognizes an antigen, such as an HLA allele, whose expression is absent from tumors because of loss of heterozygosity. Although unwanted cross-reactivity of the blocker likely reduces efficacy rather than safety, it is important to verify the blocker's specificity. We have tested an A∗02-directed blocker derived from the PA2.1 mouse antibody as a safety mechanism paired with a mesothelin-specific activating CAR in our Tmod construct. We solved the crystal structure of humanized PA2.1 Fab in complex with HLA-A∗02 to determine its binding epitope, which was used to bioinformatically select specific class I HLA alleles to test the blocker's functional specificity <i>in vitro</i>. We found that this A∗02-directed blocker is highly specific for its cognate antigen, with only one cross-reactive allele (A∗69) capable of triggering comparable function.
On the Expressive Power of Overlapping Operations of Deep Networks. (2017)

Expressive efficiency refers to the relation between two architectures A and B, whereby any function realized by B could be replicated by A, but there exists functions realized by A, which cannot be replicated by B unless its size grows significantly larger. For example, it is known that deep networks are exponentially efficient with respect to shallow networks, in the sense that a shallow network must grow exponentially large in order to approximate the functions represented by a deep network of polynomial size. In this work, we extend the study of expressive efficiency to the attribute of network connectivity and in particular to the effect of overlaps in the convolutional process, i.e., when the stride of the convolution is smaller than its filter size (receptive field). To theoretically analyze this aspect of network's design, we focus on a well-established surrogate for ConvNets called Convolutional Arithmetic Circuits (ConvACs), and then demonstrate empirically that our results hold for standard ConvNets as well. Specifically, our analysis shows that having overlapping local receptive fields, and more broadly denser connectivity, results in an exponential increase in the expressive capacity of neural networks. Moreover, while denser connectivity can increase the expressive capacity, we show that the most common types of modern architectures already exhibit exponential increase in expressivity, without relying on fully-connected layers.
Interfaces in Evolving Cyber-Physical Systems-of-Systems (2016)

In the past twenty years the view on how we engineer, operate and evolve independently owned and managed Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) in order to realize and optimize complex economical processes has started to change. Advances in telecommunications and automation accompanied by standardization efforts resulted in sophisticated cross-domain information and communication technologies (e.g., the Internet of Things (IoT) [2, 9], elastic processing and storage clouds, Web Services) that allow for the integration of more and more existing and previously technologically isolated CPSs. These legacy systems became cooperating Constituent Systems (CSs) of evolving Cyber-Physical Systems-of-Systems (CPSoSs) and – by their physical and cyber interaction – give rise to new emergent services that cannot be realized by any single or small number of CSs alone.
High Leukocyte Count Is Associated With Peripheral Vascular Dysfunction in Individuals With Low Cardiovascular Risk (2012)

The highest quintile of leukocyte count is independently associated with vascular dysfunction in individuals with low CV risk. This suggests that subclinical inflammation affects vascular function. Leukocyte count may be useful for personalized risk stratification.
Vibrational relaxation in jet-cooled alkyl benzenes (1979)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. B. Hopkins, D. E. Powers, R. E. Smalley; Vibrational relaxation in jet‐cooled alkyl benzenes. J. Chem. Phys. 1 November 1979; 71 (9): 3886–3887. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.438798 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Indolence versus aggression in non-small cell lung cancer: defining heterogeneity to impact clinical outcomes (2016)

While important new findings in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have led to significant progress, it has been incremental. In the past 30 years the five-year survival rate for lung cancer has increased by only 5% (1). Despite the major survival advantage conferred to patients with localized disease, only 17% of NSCLC diagnoses were made at stage I–II as of 2014 (2). For this reason, considerable efforts have historically focused on improving early detection through development of screening programs. Following the publication of the NCI-funded National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) added annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) as a preventive service benefit in 2015. This has led to a rapid expansion of lung cancer screening programs. The NLST demonstrated a 20% relative reduction in cancer-specific mortality with annual LDCT screening in high-risk patients and resulted in a much improved probability of early stage disease at diagnosis (3). Specifically, amongst patients with screen-detected lung cancers, approximately 70% were stage I–II at diagnosis and over 50% were stage IA (3). The observation that screen-detected lung cancer is more likely to be at an early, localized stage is consistent with the findings of other large-scale prospective screening studies. Thus, the implementation of lung cancer screening programs is expected to lead to a stepwise increase in early stage diagnoses.
Performance results of a new DOI detector block for a high resolution PET-LSO research tomograph HRRT (2002)

To improve the spatial resolution and uniformity in modern high resolution brain PET systems over the entire field of view (FOV), it is necessary to archive the depth of interaction (DOI) information and correct for spatial resolution degradation. In this work the authors present the performance results of a high resolution LSO/GSO phoswich block detector with DOI capability. This detector design will be used in the new CTI High Resolution Research Tomograph, ECAT HRRT. The two crystal layer (19/spl times/19/spl times/7.5 mm/sup 3/) and a light guide are stacked on each other and mounted on a (2/spl times/2) PMT set, so that the corners of the phoswich are positioned over the PMT centers. The crystal phoswich is cut into a 8/spl times/8 matrix of discrete crystals. The separation of the LSO and the GSO layer by pulse shape discrimination allows discrete DOI information to be obtained. The high light output and the light guide design results in an accurate identification of the 128 single crystals per block. Flood source measurements document a very good homogeneity of events, energy centroid stability and energy resolution (14-20% FWHM) per single crystal. An intrinsic resolution of /spl sim/1.3 mm and the DOI feasibility is extracted by coincidence measurements with a single GSO crystal.
Post-Harvest Processing Methods for Reduction of Silica and Alkali Metals in Wheat Straw (2003)

Silica and alkali metals in wheat straw limit its use for bioenergy and gasification. Slag deposits occur via the eutectic melting of SiO2 with K2O, trapping chlorides at surfaces and causing corrosion. A minimum melting point of 950°C is desirable, corresponding to an SiO2:K2O weight ratio of about 3:1. Mild chemical treatments were used to reduce Si, K, and Cl, while varying temperature, concentration, % solids, and time. Dilute acid was more effective at removing K and Cl, while dilute alkali was more effective for Si. Reduction of minerals in this manner may prove economical for increasing utilization of the straw for combustion or gasification.
Developmental intestinal vascular responses to venous pressure elevation (1988)

The response to venous pressure elevation is an important criterion for determining whether metabolic or myogenic mechanisms are involved in local vasoregulation. We studied the effects of venous pressure elevation on intestinal hemodynamics and oxygenation in 20 mixed-breed piglets, divided equally among 1-day-, 3-day-, 2-wk-, and 1-mo-old animals. A venous circuit was established between the superior mesenteric and jugular veins, which allowed measurement of superior mesenteric blood flow, venous pressure, capillary pressure, and arteriovenous oxygen difference at venous pressures between 0 and 20 mmHg. The resting intestinal oxygen uptake in 1-day-old piglets was significantly higher than in 2-wk-old and 1-mo-old piglets. The vascular response to venous pressure elevation in 1-day-old piglets was characterized by reductions in total and precapillary resistance and increased oxygen uptake, while older animals responded to venous pressure elevation with increases in total and precapillary vascular resistance and reductions in oxygen uptake. These results indicate that metabolic factors exert a dominant influence on the intestinal vasculature of the newborn, while myogenic factors predominate in older animals in response to venous pressure elevation.
A Cross-Lingual ILP Solution to Zero Anaphora Resolution (2011)

We present an ILP-based model of zero anaphora detection and resolution that builds on the joint determination of anaphoricity and coreference model proposed by Denis and Baldridge (2007), but revises it and extends it into a three-way ILP problem also incorporating subject detection. We show that this new model outperforms several baselines and competing models, as well as a direct translation of the Denis / Baldridge model, for both Italian and Japanese zero anaphora. We incorporate our model in complete anaphoric resolvers for both Italian and Japanese, showing that our approach leads to improved performance also when not used in isolation, provided that separate classifiers are used for zeros and for explicitly realized anaphors. 1
Anti-skid re-adhesion control based on disturbance observer considering air brake for electric commuter train (2004)

This paper proposes a new anti-skid re-adhesion control based on disturbance observer considering the air brake for electric commuter train. We have already proposed the anti-skid re-adhesion control with regenerative braking system based on disturbance observer. This proposed method has been the re-adhesion control using only regenerative braking mode. However, actual train uses both electric brake and air brake in the high-speed range. Hence, this paper proposes a new anti-skid re-adhesion control considering the air brake, which carries out the cooperation control of electric brake and air brake in order to realize a fine re-adhesion control. The numerical simulation results point out that the proposed system has the desired driving wheel torque response and a fine anti-skid re-adhesion control.
Comparison of the modes of antiviral action of 2'-nor-deoxyguanosine and its cyclic phosphate, 2'-nor-cyclic GMP (1986)

The metabolisms of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (2'NDG) and its cyclic phosphate, 9-[(2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxophosphorinan-5-yl) oxymethyl]guanine P-oxide (2'-nor-cGMP), were compared in cultures of primary rabbit kidney cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). 2'-Nor-cGMP was taken up by the cells essentially intact, after which it was opened to the acyclic monophosphate and phosphorylated further, ultimately to the triphosphate. Formation of the triphosphate was independent of HSV thymidine kinase expression, unlike what is observed with 2'NDG. In addition, there was a direct correlation between the antiviral activity of 2'NDG and the level of triphosphate formed in HSV-1-infected cells, whereas such a correlation was absent with 2'-nor-cGMP. In vivo experiments indicated that only a small percentage of free 2'NDG was formed in the bloodstream of mice after oral administration of 2'-nor-cGMP. Incubation of 2'-nor-cGMP with crude extracts of HSV-1-infected or uninfected HeLa cells resulted in the direct production of 2'NDG triphosphate. The possibility that the triphosphate of 2'NDG produced from 2'-nor-cGMP was the enantiomer of the triphosphate made from 2'NDG by viral and cellular kinases was investigated and disproved. Taken together, these data indicate that (i) 2'-nor-cGMP does not act simply as a prodrug of 2'NDG, (ii) 2'-nor-cGMP does not require viral thymidine kinase for its activity, and (iii) 2'-nor-cGMP may have an additional, triphosphate-independent mode of action.
Mapping monthly rainfall erosivity for the Lazio Region (Italy) (2020)

Erosion is an exogenous phenomenon, antagonistic to the constructive forces both of an endogenous nature (i.e. orogeny) and of a biological nature (i.e. coral reef), leading to the dismantling of the earth's surface and filling, with the clastic material produced, sedimentary basins and depressions in order to level differences in altitude [1]. It is estimated that, in Europe, 25 million hectares of soil are subject to "accelerated erosion processes" [2] and that, in several areas, the magnitude of soil loss is around a few tens of tons per year. Approximately 77% of Italy is at risk of accelerated erosion [3], also due to the lack of conservative measures for soil (hydraulic-agrarian measures, drainage, grassing, etc.). The phenomenon takes on particular importance in cultivated areas, where drastic changes have been imposed in soil use and sometimes, instead of natural and stable land cover, bare soil is subject to erosive agents. In this paper, the erosivity density approach introduced in Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation 2 (RUSLE2 [4]), will be used to develop monthly erosivity maps for the Lazio region (in central Italy). This was achieved through a full investigation carried out on the monthly (Pmd), daily (P24h) and sub-daily (15-minute time-scale, P15) precipitation amounts available from rain gauges deployed across the study area.
The participation of the anion and alkyl substituent of diaryliodonium salts in photo-initiated cationic polymerization reactions (2006)

The photo-initiated cationic polymerization (PCP) of epoxides using diaryliodonium salt photoacid generators (PAGs) bearing alkyl groups and anions was investigated. The properties and reactivities of a series of iodonium salts containing various cations and anions were compared in the context of a PCP reaction. The products from the decomposition of the cations of these salts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) spectra. The relationship between the molecular structure of the salts and their reaction mechanism in the PCP reaction was investigated. Based on the results of the investigation, it was concluded that the structures of the cations and anions of theiodonium salts affect the PCP reaction rate, which was controlled by the products from the diaryliodonium salts. As part of an additional investigation, the diaryliodonium salts-epoxide materials were applied to 254 nm-photo-patterning. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
19-hydroxy Steroids in the Aromatase Reaction: Review on Expression and Potential Functions (2021)

Scientific evidence related to the aromatase reaction in various biological processes spanning from mid-1960 to today is abundant; however, as our analytical sensitivity increases, a new look at the old chemical reaction is necessary. Here, we review an irreversible aromatase reaction from the substrate androstenedione. It proceeds in 3 consecutive steps. In the first 2 steps, 19-hydroxy steroids are produced. In the third step, estrone is produced. They can dissociate from the enzyme complex and either accumulate in tissues or enter the blood. In this review, we want to highlight the potential importance of these 19-hydroxy steroids in various physiological and pathological conditions. We focus primarily on 19-hydroxy steroids, and in particular on the 19-hydroxyandrostenedione produced by the incomplete aromatase reaction. Using a PubMed database and the search term "aromatase reaction," 19-hydroxylation of androgens and steroid measurements, we detail the chemistry of the aromatase reaction and list previous and current methods used to measure 19-hydroxy steroids. We present evidence of the existence of 19-hydroxy steroids in brain tissue, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, prostate cancer, as well as during pregnancy and parturition and in Cushing's disease. Based on the available literature, a potential involvement of 19-hydroxy steroids in the brain differentiation process, sperm motility, ovarian function, and hypertension is suggested and warrants future research. We hope that with the advancement of highly specific and sensitive analytical methods, future research into 19-hydroxy steroids will be encouraged, as much remains to be learned and discovered.
Combustion Instabilities Damping System Development for Dry Low NOx Emissions Operability Enhancement of a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine (2019)

Abstract This paper describes the development phases of a damping system for combustion instability reduction in an annular type combustor for heavy-duty gas turbine applications. As reported by the authors in a previous paper, the full scale annular test rig allowed for an extensive characterization of the combustor with realistic acoustic boundaries at engine-relevant conditions. Emissions and operability assessment over a wide range of load conditions was performed, allowing the evaluation of the response of the system near the thermo-acoustic instability onset. The instability is quantified by its acoustic growth rate. This quantity is a crucial input in the design process of dampers. A methodology has been used to extract these growth rates form measured pulsation data. Experimentally determined growth rates have been evaluated for different fuel flow rate split between the main and the pilot injections, providing input to dampers preliminary design. Given current combustor architecture constraints, a first attempt configuration has been proposed and performances evaluated in the full annular rig. Dampers have been equipped with dynamic sensors and thermocouples with the purpose of measuring the growth rate abatement and the consequent NOx emissions reduction. A dedicated numerical toolbox, in-house developed by GE Power, has been used for both dampers preliminary design and growth rate reduction evaluation. Fine tuning of dampers elements as well as design assumptions adjustments required additional experimental evaluations and design iterations. Encouraged by the successful test in the concept phase, an optimized design for engine implementation was defined, that featured a significant increased damper volume, involving combustor parts re-design. The optimized configuration was finally tested in full annular rig and results demonstrated an important enhancement of operability while maintaining NOx emissions below the target levels.
Axial dissymmetry induced magnetic nonequivalence in the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of allenes (1980)

The observation of the magnetic nonequivalence of isopropyl methyl carbon resonances as a result of axial dissymmetry in 27 appropriately substituted allenes is reported. The magnitude of the nonequivalence Δ is more dependent upon the adjacent substituent group than upon the substituents which are bonded to the remote sp 2 carbon of the allene. A mechanism based upon the transmission of substituent effects from the remote substituents to the collinear π orbitals is proposed.