gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared imaging of comets (1988)

Thermal infrared imaging of comets provides fundamental information about the distribution of dust in their comae and tails. The imaging program at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) uses a unique 20-pixel bolometer array that was developed to image comets at 8 to 30 micrometer. These images provide the basis for: (1) characterizing the composition and size distribution of particles, (2) determining the mass-loss rates from cometary nuclei, and (3) describing the dynamics of the interaction between the dust and the solar radiation. Since the array became operational in 1985, researchers have produced a unique series of IR images of comets Giacobini-Zinner (GZ), Halley, and Wilson. That of GZ was the first groundbased thermal image ever made of a comet and was used to construct, with visible observations, an albedo map. Those data and dynamical analyses showed that GZ contained a population of large (approximately 300 micrometer), fluffy dust grains that formed a distinict inner tail. The accumulating body of images of various comets has also provided a basis for fruitfully intercomparing comet properties. Researchers also took advantage of the unique capabilities of the camera to resolve the inner, possible protoplanetary, disk of the star Beta Pictoris, while not a comet research program, that study is a fruitful additional application of the array to solar system astronomy.
Geometric Algorithms and Linear Programming (1995)

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A microdischarge-based neutron radiation detector utilizing sputtered gadolinium films for neutron conversion (2013)

Microfabricated detectors can be used to provide first alert information about the presence of radiation sources. This paper describes a miniature Geiger-Muller microdischarge-based device that can be used to detect neutrons. The detector uses thin film gadolinium (Gd) layers to convert thermal neutrons into fast electrons and gamma rays which are then detected by gas breakdown. The detector electrodes are lithographically micromachined from stainless steel 304, stacked in a cathode-anode-cathode arrangement, separated by spacers, and assembled within a commercial TO-5 package. The detector diameter and height are 9 and 9.6 mm and it weighs 0.97 g. The detector performance is characterized using two sealed isotope sources <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf (which is a neutron and gamma emitter) and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs (which is a pure gamma emitter). The detector is tested in an Ar environment at atmospheric pressure and applied bias of 285 V. For a 90 μCi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf neutron source placed at a distance of 10 cm from the detector, total neutron count rate was typically 8.7 counts per minute (cpm) with background radiation of 1.2 cpm.
In Vivo Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3 Tesla Using a Transceive Pelvic Phased Array Coil (2003)

Magnetic resonance (MR) systems operating at 3 Telsa (T) and above have demonstrated considerable potential in human studies, offering improved signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. However, because of radiofrequency limitations and concerns, and the lack of large volume body coils, most studies have been limited to the head. In this study we describe the design and construction of a transceive pelvic phased array coil with which MR images and spectra of the human prostate at 3 T have been obtained. Comparison with 1.5 T instruments with different hardware configurations is difficult; however, in a preliminary comparison the signal-to-noise ratio is improved in phantoms and humans when compared with a 1.5 T receive-only pelvic phased array coil, and high quality spectral resolution is demonstrated through the delineation of the citrate quadruplet in localized 1H prostate spectra. Higher fields offer the potential for MR prostate studies without the use of an endorectal coil.
Xid -Like Immunodeficiency in Mice with Disruption of the p85α Subunit of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (1999)

Mice with a targeted gene disruption of p85alpha, a regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, had impaired B cell development at the pro-B cell stage, reduced numbers of mature B cells and peritoneal CD5+ Ly-1 B cells, reduced B cell proliferative responses, and no T cell-independent antibody production. These phenotypes are nearly identical to those of Btk-/- or xid (X-linked immunodeficiency) mice. These results provide evidence that p85alpha is functionally linked to the Btk pathway in antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction and is pivotal in B cell development and functions.
Graphene Electrodes: Quantitative Principles for Precise Engineering of Sensitivity in Graphene Electrochemical Sensors (Adv. Mater. 6/2019) (2019)

In article number 1805752, Davood Shahrjerdi and co-workers reveal the quantitative relationships between the structural defects of graphene and the sensitivity of electrodes made of it. Using the physics of point defects in graphene, a microscopic model is proposed, which can quantitatively explain the relationship between sensitivity and average density of point defects in graphene electrodes. In addition, the model is shown to accurately guide nanoengineering of the structure of graphene, resulting in homogeneous miniaturized sensors with unprecedented sensitivity.
White‐Light Emission from an Assembly Comprising Luminescent Iridium and Europium Complexes (2004)

Red, white, and blue: White light was obtained by partial energy transfer (∂ET) between a blue-emitting IrIII–phenylpyridine complex and a red-emitting EuIII–terpyridine chelate through excitation of the assembly that is formed from the two metal complexes (see picture).
Bifurcation Analysis of Thermal Runaway in Microwave Heating of Ceramics (1999)

The steady‐state behavior of a ceramic slab under microwave heating by transverse magnetic illumination is analyzed. Local bifurcation techniques are applied to a one‐dimensional model to classify the region of parametric sensitivity (or thermal runaway). It is observed that for a certain set of parameters, there are periodically recurring ranges of slab thickness for which thermal runaway may be avoided. The runaway dependence on other parameters critical to the operation of the process is also studied. The results presented here may be used to prevent thermal runaway in microwave heating of ceramics. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Channel Crossing by a Catalytic Nanomotor (2013)

Change the channel: Chemically powered sub-microscale motors that displayed translation and rotation motional dynamics have evolved to include function and utility that render them active for cargo transport and delivery, sensing, and chemotaxis.
LEUKEMIA-ASSOCIATED TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS RELATED TO MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS (1973)

Two BALB radiation leukemias are strongly rejected by hybrids of BALB with certain other mouse strains, although BALB mice themselves exhibit no detectable resistance whatever. Hybrids immunized with progressively increased inocula are resistant to 200 x 10(6) or more leukemia cells; their serum is cytotoxic for the leukemia cells in vitro and protects BALB mice against challenge with these BALB leukemias. The antigenic system thus identified has been named X.1. In (BALB x B6) hybrids the major determinant of resistance was shown to be a B6 gene in the K region of H-2. This is likely to be the Rgv-1 (Resistance to gross virus) locus of Lilly, which may thus be identified in this case as an Ir (Immune response) allele conferring ability to respond to X.1 antigen on MuLV and leukemia cells, and so responsible for production of X.1 antibody and the rejection of X.1(+) leukemia cells by hybrid mice. Immunoelectron microscopy with X.1 antiserum (from immunized hybrids) shows labeling both on the cell surface and on virions produced by the leukemia cells. It is not known whether X.1 comprises only one or more than one antigen. Three radiation-induced BALB leukemias, one A strain radiation-induced leukemia, and 15/15 AKR primary spontaneous leukemias were typed X.1(+) by the cytotoxicity test. Several other leukemias, including one induced by passage A Gross virus and one long-transplanted AKR ascites leukemia carried in (B6 x AKR)F(1) hybrids, were X.1(-). Normal mice of strains with a high incidence of leukemia and one other strain (129) express X.1 antigen, but evidently in amounts too small for certain detection in vitro; by the method of absorption in vivo, however, these strains could be typed X.1(+) and other strains X.1(-). We ascribe the X.1 antigen system tentatively to a sub-type of MuLV that is not passage A Gross virus and is probably not the dominant sub-type in strains with a high incidence of leukemia. After repeated passage in hybrids, one of the BALB leukemias became relatively resistant to rejection by the hybrid, partially lost its sensitivity to X.1 antiserum in vitro, and in electron micrographs was seen to produce fewer virions. The serum of untreated (BALB x B6) hybrids often contains cytotoxic antibody against leukemia cells, some of it probably anti-X.1. But another commonly occurring antibody, which is cytotoxic for C57BL leukemia EL4, appears to belong to another (undefined) system.
Endoscopically Assisted Reconstruction of Male and Female Poland Syndrome (2002)

Poland syndrome produces deformities of the breast and chest wall that can be highly disfiguring in both men and women. Incisions from traditional surgical approaches can be unsightly, especially if a muscle harvest is used as part of the reconstruction. Herein is described a case series in which minimally invasive techniques were used to reconstruct defects in male and female patients with Poland syndrome. When evaluating patients with Poland syndrome, one should consider using minimally invasive techniques as an alternative reconstructive option.
Identification from cDNA of the precursor form of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein. (1986)

The yolk sac carcinoma cell line L2 secretes a chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan that has an Mr 10,000 core protein and carries an average of 14 glycosaminoglycan chains. The amino acid sequence of the mature core protein has been determined from cloned cDNA (Bourdon, M. A., Oldberg, A., Pierschbacher, M., and Ruoslahti, E. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 82, 1321-1325). From additional cDNA sequences described in this report we have identified the prepro core protein precursor of the yolk sac carcinoma chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. From the amino acid sequence of the core protein precursor can be deduced the protein processing events in the biosynthesis of the proteoglycan. The amino acid sequence shows that the 104-amino acid mature core protein is processed from a 179-amino acid prepro core protein precursor which, in addition to the mature core protein, contains a 26-amino acid signal peptide as well as a 49-amino acid propeptide. The molecular weight of the prepro core protein predicted from the cDNA sequence (Mr = 18,600) was in good agreement with the molecular weight of the in vitro translation product (Mr = 19,000) of hybrid-selected mRNA. Accordingly, we have designated the proteoglycan core protein PG19. Further analysis of the PG19 mRNA by RNA sequencing confirmed the identification of the core protein translation initiation codon by revealing stop codons in all three reading frames of the upstream mRNA sequence. Primer extension analyses demonstrated that the 5' untranslated sequence of the proteoglycan mRNA is approximately 220 nucleotides in length, which, combined with the length of cDNA clones, accounts for the entire length of the coding sequence of PG19 mRNA from L2 cells. The cDNA sequences presented here establish the complete protein sequence of PG19 and provide evidence of polypeptide processing during the biosynthesis of the proteoglycan core protein.
Variable-Temperature Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Single-Molecule Fluctuations and Dynamics (2020)

Structure, dynamics, and coupling involving single-molecules determine function in catalytic, electronic or biological systems. While vibrational spectroscopy provides insight into molecular structure, rapid fluctuations blur the molecular trajectory even in single-molecule spectroscopy, analogous to spatial averaging in measuring large ensembles. To gain insight into intramolecular coupling, substrate coupling, and dynamic processes, we use tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) at variable and cryogenic temperatures, to slow and control the motion of a single molecule. We resolve intrinsic line widths of individual normal modes, allowing detailed and quantitative investigation of the vibrational modes. From temperature dependent line narrowing and splitting, we quantify ultrafast vibrational dephasing, intramolecular coupling, and conformational heterogeneity. Through statistical correlation analysis of fluctuations of individual modes, we observe rotational motion and spectral fluctuations of the molec...
Response to Comment on "Clustering by Passing Messages Between Data Points" (2008)

Affinity propagation (AP) can be viewed as a generalization of the vertex substitution heuristic (VSH), whereby probabilistic exemplar substitutions are performed concurrently. Although results on small data sets (≤900 points) demonstrate that VSH is competitive with AP, we found VSH to be prohibitively slow for moderate-to-large problems, whereas AP was much faster and could achieve lower error.
Method and system for operating an electric motor (2023)

Methods and systems for operating an electric motor having a plurality of windings with an inverter having a plurality of switches coupled to a voltage source are provided. A first plurality of switching vectors is applied to the plurality of switches. The first plurality of switching vectors includes a first ratio of first magnitude switching vectors to second magnitude switching vectors. A direct current (DC) current associated with the voltage source is monitored during the applying of the first plurality of switching vectors to the plurality of switches. A second ratio of the first magnitude switching vectors to the second magnitude switching vectors is selected based on the monitoring of the DC current associated with the voltage source. A second plurality of switching vectors is applied to the plurality of switches. The second plurality of switching vectors includes the second ratio of the first magnitude switching vectors to the second magnitude switching vectors.
LES of spray in compressible flows on unstructured grids (1999)

In this paper we report some results of our numerical simulations of sprays in compressible flows using Large Eddy Simulation. The combined LES- and spray code has been applied to the computation of the flow and spray injection into a swirl generator of a gas-turbine. The interaction between the spray jet and the flow field has been investigated. A dynamic SGS model has been used and results have been compared with the experimental data.
On Throughput Maximization of Grant-Free Access with Reliability-Latency\n Constraints (2019)

Enabling autonomous driving and industrial automation with wireless networks\nposes many challenges, which are typically abstracted through reliability and\nlatency requirements. One of the main contributors to latency in cellular\nnetworks is the reservation-based access, which involves lengthy and\nresource-inefficient signaling exchanges. An alternative is to use grant-free\naccess, in which there is no resource reservation. A handful of recent works\ninvestigated how to fulfill reliability and latency requirements with different\nflavors of grant-free solutions. However, the resource efficiency, i.e., the\nthroughput, has been only the secondary focus. In this work, we formulate the\nthroughput of grant-free access under reliability-latency constraints, when the\nactual number of arrived users or only the arrival distribution are known. We\ninvestigate how these different levels of knowledge about the arrival process\ninfluence throughput performance of framed slotted ALOHA with $K$-multipacket\nreception, for the Poisson and Beta arrivals. We show that the throughput under\nreliability-latency requirements can be significantly improved for the higher\nexpected load of the access network, if the actual number of arrived users is\nknown. This insight motivates the use of techniques for the estimation of the\nnumber of arrived users, as this knowledge is not readily available in\ngrant-free access. We also asses the impact of estimation error, showing that\nfor high reliability-latency requirements the gains in throughput are still\nconsiderable.\n
Impact of Fermi level pinning inside conduction band on electron mobility of In<inf>x</inf>Ga<inf>1&#x2212;x</inf>As MOSFETs and mobility enhancement by pinning modulation (2011)

We clarified that Fermi levels at InGaAs MOS interfaces are pinned inside conduction band (CB) and that this pinning severely degrades the effective mobility. Also, the energy position of the Fermi level pinning (FLP) is found to be tunable. It is experimentally shown that the increase in the difference between the FLP position and the CB minimum (CBM) leads to high mobility at high N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> region. Also, possible physical origin for this FLP is proposed.
High-Speed and Low-Power Network Search Engine Using Adaptive Block-Selection Scheme (2006)

A new approach for using block-selection scheme to increase the search throughput of multi-block TCAM-based network search engines is proposed. While the existing methods try to counter and forcibly balance the inherent bias of the Internet traffic, our method takes advantage of it. Our method improves flexibility of table management and gains scalability towards high rates of change in traffic bias. It offers higher throughput than the current art and a very low average power consumption. One of the embodiments of the proposed model, using four TCAM chips, can deliver over six times the throughput of a conventional configuration of the same TCAM chips.
Uncoupling Mitochondrial Respiration for Diabesity (2016)

Until recently, the mechanism of adaptive thermogenesis was ascribed to the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown and beige adipocytes. UCP1 is known to catalyze a proton leak of the inner mitochondrial membrane, resulting in uncoupled oxidative metabolism with no production of adenosine triphosphate and increased energy expenditure. Thus increasing brown and beige adipose tissue with augmented UCP1 expression is a viable target for obesity-related disorders. Recent work demonstrates an UCP1-independent pathway to uncouple mitochondrial respiration. A secreted enzyme, PM20D1, enriched in UCP1+ adipocytes, exhibits catalytic and hydrolytic activity to reversibly form N-acyl amino acids. N-acyl amino acids act as endogenous uncouplers of mitochondrial respiration at physiological concentrations. Administration of PM20D1 or its products, N-acyl amino acids, to diet-induced obese mice improves glucose tolerance by increasing energy expenditure. In short-term studies, treated animals exhibit no toxicity while experiencing 10% weight loss primarily of adipose tissue. Further study of this metabolic pathway may identify novel therapies for diabesity, the disease state associated with diabetes and obesity.
Smartphone-Based Microscopy with Silicone Lens Embedding Nanostructured Photonic Components (2021)

In this work [1], the moldless preparation of a silicone (i.e., poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS) lens embedding nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) optical components is discussed, along with its application to smartphone-based microscopy in biology and medicine. A nanostructured PSi surface is used to redirect a droplet of uncured silicone into a lightweight, high-magnifying lens (10 mg mass and 4.7 mm focal length). Geometrical and optical properties of the lens are easily controllable by tuning of the nanostructure features (i.e., thickness and porosity of PSi). Design of the PSi layer as an optical component (e.g., distributed Bragg reflector, rugate filter, resonant cavity) further enables to embed nanostructured optical elements in the lens, so as to select the light transmitted through the lens itself. The fabrication process of the lens has high reliability (yield &gt;95%), low-cost (0.01 $). As proof of concept applications, using a single monolithic lens/filter element self-adhered to a commercial smartphone camera we will discuss: fluorescence imaging and counting of live/dead isolated human cancer cells with high magnification and rejection of the excitation light; selection of a narrow wavelength band from the emission spectrum of a fluorescent dye; changing of the color of a white light emitting diode (from red to blue) through shaping of the diode emission spectrum. [1] Mariani, V. Robbiano, R. Iglio, A. A. La Mattina, P. Nadimi, J. Wang, B. Kim, T. Kumeria, M. J Sailor, G. Barillaro, Moldless Printing of Silicone Lenses with Embedded Nanostructured Optical Filters, Adv. Funct. Mater. , 1906836 (2019).
Genetic lesions involved in temperature sensitivity of the src gene products of four Rous sarcoma virus mutants (1986)

The src genes of four Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) mutants temperature-sensitive (ts) for cell transformation were analyzed. The mutant src genes were cloned into a replication-competent RSV expression vector, and the contribution of individual mutations to the ts phenotype was assessed by in vitro recombination with wild-type src sequences. Three of the mutants, which were derived from the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of RSV, each encoded two mutations within the conserved kinase domain. In all three cases, one of the two mutations was an identical valine to methionine change at amino acid position 461. Virus encoding recombinant src genes containing each of these mutations alone were not ts for transformation, demonstrating that two mutations are required for temperature sensitivity. The sequence of the src gene of the Bryan high-titer strain of RSV was determined and compared with that of the fourth ts mutant which was derived from it, again revealing two lesions in the kinase domain of the mutant.
Thickness dependence of Shockley-type surface states of Ag(111) ultrathin films onSi(111)7×7substrates (2009)

We studied the surface-state dispersion of ultrathin Ag(111) epitaxial films on Si(111) substrates by analyzing the bias-voltage dependence of surface electron standing-wave patterns using a scanning tunneling microscope. The 40-monolayer (ML)-thick Ag film exhibited a two-dimensional, free-electronlike surface-state dispersion similar to that of the bulk Ag(111) surface. However, the bottom of the surface-state band $({E}_{0})$ shifted from $\ensuremath{-}51$ to $+26\text{ }\text{meV}$ with respect to the Fermi level as the Ag film thickness decreased from 40 to 7 ML. The effective mass of the surface electron decreased slightly as film thickness decreased. The shift in ${E}_{0}$ is reasonably attributed to the modification of the electronic structure induced by thickness-dependent misfit-strain relaxation. In contrast to the Ag/Ge(111) system, the surface state hybridizes with neither the substrate bulk band nor the Ag film's quantum-well state in the Ag/Si(111) system.