gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bcl-2 Protects Macrophages from Nitric Oxide-induced Apoptosis (1996)

Endogenously generated or exogenously supplied nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptotic cell death in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Apoptotic signaling caused an early accumulation of the tumor suppressor p53 prior to DNA fragmentation. Contrary to the notion of specific activating signals, inhibitory transduction mechanisms largely remain unknown. Therefore, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stably transfected with human Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. Bcl-2 transfectants showed substantial protection from cell death induced following the exposure to NO donors such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and spermine-NO. In contrast, in RAW 264. 7 parent or in neomycin control-transformed cells, these NO donors induced internucleosomal DNA cleavage in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, expression of the inducible NO synthase in response to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma also caused apoptosis in RAW macrophages and neo controls within 24 h. In contrast, Bcl-2 transfectants appeared highly resistant, although inducible NO synthase levels increased along with concomitant nitrite production similar to control cells. The expression of p53 and Bax was also explored in controls and Bcl-2 transfectants after GSNO addition. GSNO induced p53 expression in Bcl-2 transfectants at levels comparable with nontransfected RAW macrophages. Moreover, GSNO induced increases in the steady-state levels of Bax protein in parental and Bcl-2-transfected cells. We conclude therefore, that Bcl-2 acts downstream of p53, presumably nullifying the NO-mediated increase in Bax protein in RAW 264.7 cells.
Array mapping: Optimal transformation matrix design (2002)

Mapping of the data output vector from an existing antenna array onto the data vector of an imaginary array of more suitable configuration is well known in array signal processing. By mapping onto an array manifold of lower dimension or uniform structure for example., processing speed can be improved. Conditions for the retaining of DOA error variance under such mapping have been formulated by several authors but the equally important systematic mapping errors, the bias, has been less treated to date. This paper uses a geometrical interpretation of a Taylor expansion of the DOA estimator cost function to derive an alternative design of the mapping matrix that almost completely removes the bias. The key feature of the proposed design is that it takes the orthogonality between the manifold mapping errors and certain gradients of the estimator cost function into account.
Modelling of thermal effects in InP-on-Si nanocavity lasers (2021)

We modelled thermal effects in InP-on-Si nanocavity lasers with various pumping strategies. The highest temperature under uniform pumping increases linearly with diameter while it shows a maximum under Gaussian distributed pumping. Transient results show both pulse width and period play important role in thermal effects.
Nonstandard electroconvection in a bent-core oxadiazole material (2011)

Electroconvection (EC) phenomena have been investigated in the nematic phase of a bent-core oxadiazole material with negative dielectric anisotropy and a frequency dependent conductivity anisotropy. The formation of longitudinal roll (LR) patterns is one of the predominant features observed in the complete frequency and voltage range studied. At voltages much above the LR threshold, various complex patterns such as the "crisscrossed" pattern, bimodal varicose, and turbulence are observed. Unusually, the nonstandard EC (ns-EC) instability in this material, is observed in a regime in which we measure the dielectric and conductivity anisotropies to be negative and positive respectively. A further significant observation is that the EC displays distinct features in the high and low temperature regimes of the nematic phase, supporting an earlier report that EC patterns could distinguish between regions that have been reported as uniaxial and biaxial nematic phases.
Configuration and Assessment of a Senior Level Course in Biometric Systems (2020)

Tang is very active in adapting and developing pedagogical methods and materials to enhance engineering education. Her most recent educational research includes the
Cladribine with Immediate Rituximab for the Treatment of Patients with Variant Hairy Cell Leukemia (2013)

Although cladribine alone lacks effectiveness for early or relapsed HCLv, cladribine with immediate rituximab achieves CRs without MRD and is feasible to administer.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2007)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 May 2007Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.02.014AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Extracorporeal Renal Lithotripsy: Evolution of Residual Lithiasis Treated With Thiazides 1 : Effect of medical management and residual fragments on recurrent stone formation following shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol1995; 153: 27. Link, Google Scholar © 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 5May 2007Page: 1790-1792 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Key to the success of asynchronous transfer mode: an application programming interface (2002)

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are scalable via a wide variety of physical link speeds and can be run in both the local and wide areas. Bandwidth reservation and quality of service guarantees make ATM attractive to deliver multimedia information in real-time. Existing protocol suites can be extended. However, they do not give access to those characteristics. Therefore, applications demand an ATM application programming interface (API) to take advantage of those features. This paper covers a special syntax mapping of the ATM API services on top of X/Open Transport Interface (XTI) which is able to give applications access directly to the special quality and traffic services of an ATM network. A particular realization of the API on the XTI environment is proposed and implemented on the MacOS networking platform. It provides a flexible and modular design of the ATM networking. Finally, the paper concludes with one ATM-aware application (video on demand) which requires real-time streaming data.
Fas Ligand Has a Greater Impact than TNF-α on Apoptosis and Inflammation in Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury (2012)

In ischemic acute kidney injury, FasL has a greater impact than TNF-α on the apoptosis and inflammatory reaction through cytokine/chemokine production from tubular epithelial cells.
Efficient interblock noiseless coding of speech LPC parameters (2002)

Many speech coding systems apply the principles of vector quantization (VQ) to the spectral information since VQ is much more efficient than simple scalar quantization. Apart from ordinary VQ for very-low-rate speech coding, split VQ can be used in high-quality coding systems for transparent coding of speech LPC parameters. This paper proposes relative index coding (RIC) as a new principle for efficient entropy coding of LPC parameters. RIC can be combined with various VQ procedures increasing the coding efficiency by exploiting correlations between successive VQ indices. In combination with conventional VQ, RIC yields bit savings of up to 30%. Combined with split VQ, it reduces the average bit rate necessary for transparent coding from 24 bits/frame down to 175 bits/frame at a frame period of 10 ms. Further savings of more than 0.5 bits/frame can be obtained by introducing an entropy-constrained split VQ.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inventions and Patents: A Practical Tutorial (2011)

Patents are designed to protect and encourage creativity and innovation. Patenting a biomedical discovery can be a requirement before a pharmaceutical company or biotech entity will invest in the lengthy and costly clinical testing necessary to achieve patient benefit. Although scientists and clinicians are well versed in research publication requirements, patent descriptions and claims are formatted in a manner quite different from a research paper. Patents require (a) a series of logical statements clearly delineating the boundaries of the novel aspects of the invention and (b) sufficient disclosure of the invention so that it can be reproduced by others. Patents are granted only for inventions that meet three conditions: novelty, nonobviousness, and usefulness. This chapter provides basic guidelines and definitions of technology transfer: inventions, inventorship, and patent filing, which are summarized using a question and answer format.
Alternatives to Mobile Keypad Design: Improved Text Feed (2010)

In this paper we tried to focus on some of the problems with the mobile keypad and text entering in these devices, and tried to give some possible suggestions. We mainly took some of the basic Human Computer Interaction principles and some general issues into consideration.
Rapid Bridge Deck Replacement Construction Techniques (2010)

Rapid bridge deck replacement (RBDR) is the method of replacing a bridge deck using innovative, alternative deck systems to perform needed repair under an accelerated construction schedule. Through employing RBDR techniques, state highway agencies (SHAs) can meet current transportation challenges by repairing the nation's bridges while minimizing construction-related impacts. SHAs in the United States were surveyed on their experience with RBDR projects. Survey results are divided into the following categories: decision-making factors, construction schedules, construction techniques, contractual methods, costs, and innovations in safety or technology employed. Of the 52 responding agencies, 24 have experience with RBDR; 54% have less than 5 years of experience, and 63% have completed fewer than five RBDR projects, suggesting that the practice is new and most agencies are inexperienced. The strongest factors influencing decision making are traffic volume, critical bridge, safety, and impact on local business. Most RBDR projects are performed on highways and freeways, in both urban and rural areas. Lane closures are the most common closure scenario, which allows construction to proceed while maintaining partial throughput capacity. Most agencies use nighttime closures, which reduces road user impact and provides a safer environment. Although 86% of the responding agencies experienced an increase in construction costs, 68% agreed that RBDR projects are perceived as a cost-saving mechanism for road users. Information collected from this survey, along with lessons learned and safety and construction technologies employed, allow knowledge to be transferred to practitioners who may have little or no experience with RBDR techniques.
THREE START-UP OF THE GAME (2014)

If we’d have the courage to cope with the future with optimism, at least three different “start-up” would open our teaching path: educating to deal with the uncertainties of our times, education through reflection and processing a project. These three goal can be achieved through different games. Teaching to live with uncertainty of our times begins with learning to keep distances from excessive control. Submitting a  dialogue game is a wonderful way to learn how to respect rules. Teaching to live with uncertainty reflection can be cultivated through games which deal with life issues sustained by a debate. This “ludosophical” practice stimulates children to think by themselves. Teaching to the project means offering different opportunities to put into practice their own skills to obtain a specific goal, like, for instance, inviting the children to create a project of a toy with a few simple materials. The greatest exponents of our times invite us to travel through different paths to educate children to cope with the future and most of these paths can be enjoyed through games.
Expression of cytokine and tight junction genes and ileal mucosal morphology in nursery pigs in response to garlic diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide compounds (2016)

Bioactive components in garlic have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune modulatory properties that may improve gastrointestinal function in pigs. The current experiment was conducted to identify an effective dose of garlic-derived bioactive components diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and to evaluate the effect of graded doses of DADS and DATS on nursery pig performance and gastrointestinal function. Eight replicate pens of barrows were allotted on the basis of initial BW (12.45 kg ± 1.37) in a randomized complete block design to 1 of 6 treatments that consisted of administration of 0, 0.45, 0.90, 1.80, 3.60, or 7.20 mg DADS + DATS/kg BW. The DADS + DATS was administered daily by oral gavage to overnight-fasted pigs for a period of 6 d with soybean oil as the carrier and vehicle control. Growth performance and daily stool consistency scores were recorded. At the end of the experiment, pigs were euthanized and the mid ileum was excised for morphological and gene expression measurements. Mucosal gene expression was conducted by real-time PCR for mucin (MUC2), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), claudin 1 (CL-1), occludin (OC), and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1). Supplementation with the oral gavage containing DADS + DATS did not affect growth performance or stool consistency, although there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for increased villus height. Expression of the IL-8 gene was linearly increased (P = 0.01) and there was a tendency for a decrease (P = 0.07) in the ZO-1 gene expression with oral DADS + DATS supplementation. There was no effect of the oral gavage on the expression of the MUC2, TNF-α, CL-1, and OC genes. For the current experiment, the villus height plateaued at 381 μm, which was with daily oral supplementation of 1.71 mg DADS + DATS/kg BW. Furthermore, oral supplementation of DADS + DATS impacts IL-8 and ZO-1 gene expression, which may have implications on mucosal immune function and cellular integrity.
Relationship between regional gray matter volumes and dopamine D2 receptor and transporter in living human brains (2021)

Although striatal dopamine neurotransmission is believed to be functionally linked to the formation of the corticostriatal network, there has been little evidence for this regulatory process in the human brain and its disruptions in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate associations of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and D<sub>2</sub> receptor availabilities with gray matter (GM) volumes in healthy humans. Positron emission tomography images of D<sub>2</sub> receptor (n = 34) and DAT (n = 17) captured with the specific radioligands [<sup>11</sup> C]raclopride and [<sup>18</sup> F]FE-PE2I, respectively, were acquired along with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data in our previous studies, and were re-analyzed in this work. We quantified the binding potentials (BP<sub>ND</sub> ) of these radioligands in the limbic, executive, and sensorimotor functional subregions of the striatum. Correlations between the radioligand BP<sub>ND</sub> and regional GM volume were then examined by voxel-based morphometry. In line with the functional and anatomical connectivity, [<sup>11</sup> C]raclopride BP<sub>ND</sub> in the limbic striatum was positively correlated with volumes of the uncal/parahippocampal gyrus and adjacent temporal areas. Similarly, we found positive correlations between the BP<sub>ND</sub> of this radioligand in the executive striatum and volumes of the prefrontal cortices and their adjacent areas as well as between the BP<sub>ND</sub> in the sensorimotor striatum and volumes of the somatosensory and supplementary motor areas. By contrast, no significant correlation was found between [<sup>18</sup> F]FE-PE2I BP<sub>ND</sub> and regional GM volumes. Our results suggest unique structural and functional corticostriatal associations involving D<sub>2</sub> receptor in healthy humans, which might be partially independent of the nigrostriatal pathway reflected by striatal DAT.
WITHDRAWN: Room Temperature Operable Semiconducting Metal Oxide Chemi-Resistive NO2 Gas Sensor (2020)

This abstract has been withdrawn at the request of the authors.
Structural basis for differential receptor binding of cholera and Escherichia coli heat‐labile toxins: influence of heterologous amino acid substitutions in the cholera B‐subunit (1997)

The closely related B-subunits of cholera toxin (CTB) and Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) both bind strongly to GM1 ganglioside receptors but LTB can also bind to additional glycolipids and glycoproteins. A number of mutant CT B-subunits were generated by substituting CTB amino acids with those at the corresponding positions in LTB. These were used to investigate the influence of specific residues on receptor-binding specificity. A mutated CTB protein containing the first 25 residues of LTB in combination with LTB residues at positions 94 and 95, bound to the same extent as native LTB to both delipidized rabbit intestinal cell membranes, complex glycosphingolipids (polyglycosylceramides) and neolactotetraosylceramide, but not to non-GM1 intestinal glycosphingolipids. In contrast, when LTB amino acid substitutions in the 1-25 region were combined with those in the 75-83 region, a binding as strong as that of LTB to intestinal glycosphingolipids was observed. In addition, a mutant LTB with a single Gly-33-->Asp substitution that completely lacked affinity for both GM1 and non-GM1 glycosphingolipids could still bind to receptors in the intestinal cell membranes and to polyglycosylceramides. We conclude that the extra, non-GM1 receptors for LTB consist of both sialylated and non-sialylated glycoconjugates, and that the binding to either class of receptors is influenced by different amino acid residues within the protein.
On the Predictability of Pruning Across Scales (2020)

We show that the error of iteratively magnitude-pruned networks empirically follows a scaling law with interpretable coefficients that depend on the architecture and task. We functionally approximate the error of the pruned networks, showing it is predictable in terms of an invariant tying width, depth, and pruning level, such that networks of vastly different pruned densities are interchangeable. We demonstrate the accuracy of this approximation over orders of magnitude in depth, width, dataset size, and density. We show that the functional form holds (generalizes) for large scale data (e.g., ImageNet) and architectures (e.g., ResNets). As neural networks become ever larger and costlier to train, our findings suggest a framework for reasoning conceptually and analytically about a standard method for unstructured pruning.
ARGLU1 is a transcriptional coactivator and splicing regulator important for stress hormone signaling and development (2019)

Stress hormones bind and activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in many tissues including the brain. We identified arginine and glutamate rich 1 (ARGLU1) in a screen for new modulators of glucocorticoid signaling in the CNS. Biochemical studies show that the glutamate rich C-terminus of ARGLU1 coactivates multiple nuclear receptors including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the arginine rich N-terminus interacts with splicing factors and binds to RNA. RNA-seq of neural cells depleted of ARGLU1 revealed significant changes in the expression and alternative splicing of distinct genes involved in neurogenesis. Loss of ARGLU1 is embryonic lethal in mice, and knockdown in zebrafish causes neurodevelopmental and heart defects. Treatment with dexamethasone, a GR activator, also induces changes in the pattern of alternatively spliced genes, many of which were lost when ARGLU1 was absent. Importantly, the genes found to be alternatively spliced in response to glucocorticoid treatment were distinct from those under transcriptional control by GR, suggesting an additional mechanism of glucocorticoid action is present in neural cells. Our results thus show that ARGLU1 is a novel factor for embryonic development that modulates basal transcription and alternative splicing in neural cells with consequences for glucocorticoid signaling.
Ammonothermal Synthesis of a Mesoporous Si−Ti−N Composite Material from a Single-Source Precursor (2005)

The preparation and structure of the novel compound bis(dimethylamino)silylamino-μ-bis[(dimethylamino)silylimino]titanium {Ti[NHSi(NMe2)3]2[μ-NSi(NMe2)3]}2, 1, are reported. Ammonolysis of compound 1 in an autoclave at 160 °C gave a mesoporous silicon titanium imide powder, 2, with a high surface area and narrow pore size distribution. A mesoporous Si−Ti−N composite material was obtained after pyrolysis of powder 2 under NH3 flow at 1000 °C. The BET surface area is 163 m2 g-1, and the average pore diameter is 71 Å. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the porosity of the product is also discussed on the basis of FTIR and nitrogen physisorption analyses.
Hepatic and glucagon-like peptide-1–mediated reversal of diabetes by glucagon receptor antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors (2004)

Uncontrolled hepatic glucose production contributes significantly to hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hyperglucagonemia is implicated in the etiology of this condition; however, effective therapies to block glucagon signaling and thereby regulate glucose metabolism do not exist. To determine the extent to which blocking glucagon action would reverse hyperglycemia, we targeted the glucagon receptor (GCGR) in rodent models of type 2 diabetes using 2'-methoxyethyl-modified phosphorothioate-antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitors. Treatment with GCGR ASOs decreased GCGR expression, normalized blood glucose, improved glucose tolerance, and preserved insulin secretion. Importantly, in addition to decreasing expression of cAMP-regulated genes in liver and preventing glucagon-mediated hepatic glucose production, GCGR inhibition increased serum concentrations of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin levels in pancreatic islets. Together, these studies identify a novel mechanism whereby GCGR inhibitors reverse the diabetes phenotype by the dual action of decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving pancreatic beta cell function.
Vibrational relaxation in jet-cooled p a r a-alkylanilines (1980)

Absorption and fluorescence spectra have been obtained for the 1B2(ππ*)←1A1 transition of a series of para-alkylanilines cooled in a supersonic free jet. The series consists of all p-n-alkylanilines through n-butyl- as well as p-isopropylaniline and aniline itself. For those members of the series having an alkyl chain length of three or greater, two distinct molecular conformations are found to be populated in the jet with roughly equal likelihood. Spectra of both the extended chain conformation [p-n-(t)-alkylanilines] and the coiled chain conformation [p-n-(g)-alkylanilines] show that two optically active aniline vibrations are largely unaffected by changes in the length and nature of the n-alkyl chain. One of these vibrations (the inversion motion of the –NH2 group) would be expected to be particularly weakly coupled to the torsions and bends of p-alkyl chain. Nonetheless, fluorescence spectra obtained when this vibration is excited in the 1B2 state show that intramolecular vibrational relaxation occurs into the chain modes within a nanosecond.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelation‐Controlled Cyclization of β‐Ketoester‐Substituted and β‐Ketoamide‐Substituted Allylsilanes. (1986)

Abstract Aus den Keto‐estern bzw. ‐amiden (I) erhält man über die Na‐Salze mit dem Olefin (II) zunächst die alkylierten Derivate (III), die mit TiCl 4 über eine intramolekulare Chelatbildung zu den Methylen‐cyclopentanolen (IV) l führen.