gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Error probability of coded multi-antenna systems in block fading environments (2004)

A union bound on the error probability of coded multi-antenna systems over block fading channels is proposed. The bound is based on uniform interleaving of the coded sequence prior to transmission over the channel. Using the uniform interleaving argument the distribution of error bits over the fading blocks is computed. The pair-wise error probability is derived for a specific distribution pattern of the error bits over the fading blocks. We consider coded systems that concatenate a binary code with a space-time block code (STBC). The tradeoff between channel diversity and channel estimation is investigated assuming pilot-aided channel estimation and the optimal channel memory is approximated analytically. Results show that the optimal channel memory increases with increasing the number of transmit antennas.
Effects of Boundary Conditions on the Estimation of the Planar Biaxial Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues (2005)

Evaluation and simulation of the multiaxial mechanical behavior of native and engineered soft tissues is becoming more prevalent. In spite of this growing use, testing methods have not been standardized and methodologies vary widely. The strong influence of boundary conditions were recently underscored by Waldman et al. [2002, J. Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 13, pp. 933-938] wherein substantially different experimental results were obtained using different sample gripping methods on the same specimens. As it is not possible to experimentally evaluate the effects of different biaxial test boundary conditions on specimen internal stress distributions, we conducted numerical simulations to explore these effects. A nonlinear Fung-elastic constitutive model (Sun et al., 2003, JBME 125, pp. 372-380, which fully incorporated the effects of in-plane shear, was used to simulate soft tissue mechanical behavior. Effects of boundary conditions, including varying the number of suture attachments, different gripping methods, specimen shapes, and material axes orientations were examined. Results demonstrated strong boundary effects with the clamped methods, while suture attachment methods demonstrated minimal boundary effects. Suture-based methods appeared to be best suited for biaxial mechanical tests of biological materials. Moreover, the simulations demonstrated that Saint-Venant's effects depended significantly on the material axes orientation. While not exhaustive, these comprehensive simulations provide experimentalists with additional insight into the stress-strain fields associated with different biaxial testing boundary conditions, and may be used as a rational basis for the design of biaxial testing experiments.
Polymerization Kinetics and Modeling of Solution PE Process with Metallocene Catalysts (2002)

Polymerization methods of ethylene include the slurry, solution, and gas phase processes. The solution process for PE not only allows the operation temperature to reach as high as 300°C, but also produces special grade polymers particularly for ultra-low density polyethylene (PE). This study investigates polymerization conditions and kinetics. The commercial constrained geometry catalyst was used for ethylene polymerization. The kinetic studies were conducted for metallocene type polymerization, including catalyst activation, initiation, chain propagation, chain transfer, and termination steps. In addition, kinetic constants were calculated for the polymerization model. Calculation results of catalyst activity and molecular weight were compared with experimental results, indicating their good correlation. Moreover, the conventional polymerization was modified to accurately predict the molecular weight behaviors under various reaction conditions. Exactly how solvent type, reaction temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration, and cocatalyst ratio affect catalyst activity and molecular weight of polymer was also discussed.
Acoustic determination of sediment concentrations, settling velocities, horizontal transports and vertical fluxes in estuaries (1999)

Acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP) backscatters were calibrated and used to estimate suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations, settling velocities, horizontal transports, vertical turbulent fluxes, and parameters related to estuarine particle trapping. Calibration of ADV acoustic backscatter (ABS) was carried out by comparison to material sampled by pump and via an Owen tube, using an optical backscatter (OBS) sensor as an intermediary. The ABS-SPM relationship was variable in time, even within a single tidal cycle. Temporal changes were, however, interpretable in terms of observed SPM characteristics. Estimated upward vertical turbulent SPM fluxes followed a temporal pattern similar to downward settling fluxes, but were much larger. SPM samples for calibration of ABS from a moored ADP (deployment duration /spl sim/7 mo) were available only during three cruises; an OBS was again used as an intermediary for calibration. As before, variations over time in the ABS-SPM relationship were found, and biofouling altered the ADP backscatter response during part of the deployment. Both profile and continuous wavelet transform time-series analyses were used to test the validity and physical meaning of the SPM data. Because of time variability in the ABS-SPM relationship, parameters were sought that were at least partially independent of this relationship; i.e., those involving ratios of concentrations within a single inferred SPM profile. Despite calibration difficulties, inferred SPM trapping efficiencies (ratio of maximum estuarine SPM to fluvial source SPM), settling velocities and horizontal transports contained valuable information concerning tidal to seasonal SPM processes.
AEGIS (2018)

An important consideration in Software-defined Networks (SDNs), is that one SDN application, through a bug or API misuse, can break an entire SDN. While previous works have tried to mitigate such concerns by implementing access control mechanisms (permission models) for an SDN controller, they commonly require serious manual efforts in creating a permission model. Moreover, they do not support flexible permission models, and they are often tightly coupled with a specific SDN controller. To address such limitations, we introduce an automated permission generation and verification system called AEGIS. A distinguishing aspect of AEGIS is that it automatically generates flexible permission models and yet is completely separated from an SDN controller implementation. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we implement a prototype, evaluate its completeness and soundness, and examine its usability in the context of popular SDN controllers.
Detecting the net effect of flooding on infectious diarrheal disease in Anhui Province, China: a quasi-experimental study (2020)

Abstract Though a number of studies have shown positive relationships between flooding events and infectious diarrhea, there is a paucity of rigorous evidence regarding the net effect of flooding on diarrhea incidence, controlling for existing pre-trends and meteorological confounders. The study treats the 2016 catastrophic flood event in Anhui Province, China as a natural experiment using a difference-in-differences design with propensity score matching to exclude background variations of diarrhea occurrence and meteorological effects, thus isolating the net effect of flooding on diarrhea. A triple-differences analysis was further deployed to identify the potential effect modifiers, including gender, age, occupation and community health resources. By analyzing 359 580 cases of diarrhea that occurred before, during and after the flooding, we show that the 2016 flood event significantly increased the risk of dysentery (RR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.15–1.46) in during-flood period, and also increased the risk of all-cause diarrhea (RR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.17–1.26), typhoidal diarrhea, dysentery, and other infectious diarrhea in post-flood period. Children, males and non-farmers were particularly vulnerable to flooding impacts and the density of health professionals was found to be protective against diarrheal risk in both during-flood (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72–0.92) and post-flood (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.88) periods. This study employs quasi-experimental design and provides a better understanding on both acute and sustained effects of flooding on diarrhea, which is important for accurate health impact assessments and developing targeted intervention strategies.
Voltammetric Characterization of Ruthenium Oxide-Based Aerogels and Other RuO2 Solids:  The Nature of Capacitance in Nanostructured Materials (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionVoltammetric Characterization of Ruthenium Oxide-Based Aerogels and Other RuO2 Solids: The Nature of Capacitance in Nanostructured MaterialsJeffrey W. Long, Karen E. Swider, Celia I. Merzbacher, and Debra R. RolisonCite this: Langmuir 2003, 19, 6, 2532Publication Date (Web):February 7, 2003Publication History Published online7 February 2003Published inissue 1 March 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la0209536https://doi.org/10.1021/la0209536correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views568Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (17 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Aerogels,Electrical properties,Electrodes,Nanomaterials,Ruthenium Get e-Alerts
Apparent structural differences at the tetramerization region of erythroid and nonerythroid beta spectrin as discriminated by phage displayed scFvs (2011)

We have screened a human immunoglobulin single-chain variable fragment (scFv) phage library against the C-terminal tetramerization regions of erythroid and nonerythroid beta spectrin (βI-C1 and βII-C1, respectively) to explore the structural uniqueness of erythroid and nonerythroid β-spectrin isoforms. We have identified interacting scFvs, with clones "G5" and "A2" binding only to βI-C1, and clone "F11" binding only to βII-C1. The K(d) values, estimated by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, of these scFvs with their target spectrin proteins were 0.1-0.3 μM. A more quantitative K(d) value from isothermal titration calorimetry experiments with the recombinant G5 and βI-C1 was 0.15 μM. The α-spectrin fragments (model proteins), αI-N1 and αII-N1, competed with the βI-C1, or βII-C1, binding scFvs, with inhibitory concentration (IC(50) ) values of ∼50 μM for αI-N1, and ∼0.5 μM for αII-N1. Our predicted structures of βI-C1 and βII-C1 suggest that the Helix B' of the C-terminal partial domain of βI differs from that of βII. Consequently, an unstructured region downstream of Helix B' in βI may interact specifically with the unstructured, complementarity determining region H1 of G5 or A2 scFv. The corresponding region in βII was helical, and βII did not bind G5 scFv. Our results suggest that it is possible for cellular proteins to differentially associate with the C-termini of different β-spectrin isoforms to regulate α- and β-spectrin association to form functional spectrin tetramers, and may sort β-spectrin isoforms to their specific cellular localizations.
Suppressor T cells regulate the nonanergic cell population that remains after peripheral tolerance is induced to the Mls-1 antigen in T cell receptor Vβ8.1 transgenic mice (2000)

We have found suppressor T cells that inhibit the proliferative response of naive CD4(+) T cells in T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta8.1 transgenic mice rendered tolerant in vivo by inoculation of Mls-1(a)-positive cells. This suppression was mediated by CD4(+) T cells but not by CD8(+) T cells or double-negative (DN) cells, and splenic CD4(+) T cells from tolerant mice displayed a greater suppression than lymph node CD4(+) T cells. Cell contact was required for efficient suppression, and known inhibitory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta were not involved. Suppressor T cells inhibited IL-2 production by naive CD4(+) T cells, and the addition of exogenous IL-2 diminished the suppressed activity while having little activity on tolerant T cells. Suppression was abolished by the elimination of CD25(+) T cells in the tolerant CD4(+) T cell subset. CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells suppressed the proliferative response of the residual fraction of the nonanergic population, namely, 6C10(+)CD4(+) T cells still present in the tolerant mice. However, 6C10(-)CD4(+) T cells still had reduced reactivity to Mls-1(a) even after CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells were removed and exogenous IL-2 was added. Suppressor cells appear to affect only residual nonanergic cells in situ, thereby facilitating the maintenance of the unresponsive state in vivo. These data provide a framework for understanding suppressor T cells and explain the difficulties and variables in defining their activity in other systems, because suppressor T cells apparently control only a small population of nonanergic cells in the periphery and may be viewed as a homeostatic mechanism.
Simulation of Uranium(VI) Speciation and Sorption in Montmorillonite Clay in the Presence of Calcite Impurities (2020)

Montmorillonite is an abundant clay mineral that has been identified as the primary component in engineered bentonite barrier systems in future nuclear waste repositories. Selective sorption onto planar and edge surfaces of clay particles make it a great candidate for the attentuation of uranium(VI). Although previous works have investigated uranium(VI) interactions with this clay, few have done so in the presence of calcite, a mineral impurity in bentonite that is understood to alter U(VI) speciation, sorption, and consequently its mobility. PHREEQC software is used to simulate the chemical solution speciation of U(VI) under various known repository conditions, in the absence and presence of calcite, and across a range of U(VI)concentrations (1.0E-7 to 1.0E 5 M), and partial pressures of CO<sub>2</sub> (zero to 2% CO2) (Fig. 1). In addition, the kinetic dissolution of calcite is simulated to gain a better understanding of how quickly chemical equilibrium can be reached in these systems. Lastly, surface complexation models will be developed to characterize the influence of calcite impurities on the formation of ternary U(VI)-Ca-carbonate solution species on U(VI) sorption behavior. Our results indiciate that the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> ions released from calcite leads to U(VI)-Ca-carbonate species with a negative or neutral charge even without the presence of CO<sub>2</sub>. Quantification of these species will allow for the development of more accurate U(VI)-montmorillonite sorption models. Calcite precipitation at alkaline pH further complicates speciation by creating a competation for Ca<sup>2+</sup>. This research is being performed using funding received from the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy’s NEUP.
WNK1, a kinase mutated in inherited hypertension with hyperkalemia, localizes to diverse Cl − -transporting epithelia (2003)

Mutations in WNK1 and WNK4, genes encoding members of a novel family of serine-threonine kinases, have recently been shown to cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), an autosomal dominant disorder featuring hypertension, hyperkalemia, and renal tubular acidosis. The localization of these kinases in the distal nephron and the Cl(-) dependence of these phenotypes suggest that these mutations increase renal Cl(-) reabsorption. Although WNK4 expression is limited to the kidney, WNK1 is expressed in many tissues. We have examined the distribution of WNK1 in these extrarenal tissues. Immunostaining using WNK1-specific antibodies demonstrated that WNK1 is not present in all cell types; rather, it is predominantly localized in polarized epithelia, including those lining the lumen of the hepatic biliary ducts, pancreatic ducts, epididymis, sweat ducts, colonic crypts, and gallbladder. WNK1 is also found in the basal layers of epidermis and throughout the esophageal epithelium. The subcellular localization of WNK1 varies among these epithelia. WNK1 is cytoplasmic in kidney, colon, gallbladder, sweat duct, skin, and esophagus; in contrast, it localizes to the lateral membrane in bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and epididymis. These epithelia are all notable for their prominent role in Cl(-) flux. Moreover, these sites largely coincide with those involved in the pathology of cystic fibrosis, a disease characterized by deranged epithelial Cl(-) flux. Together with the known pathophysiology of PHAII, these findings suggest that WNK1 plays a general role in the regulation of epithelial Cl(-) flux, a finding that suggests the potential of new approaches to the selective modulation of these processes.
Marker-assisted backcrossing to incorporate two low phytate alleles into the Tennessee soybean cultivar 5601T. (2009)

Development of low phytate soybean is favorable to the environment by reducing phosphorous loads to agricultural lands and surface waters. The trait also provides enhanced nutrition and metabolism for poultry and swine. Our source for the trait was a low phytate germplasm (CX1834-1-2) developed by the USDA and Purdue University through ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. The objective of this project was to develop a commercially acceptable, superior quality, high-yielding soybean cultivar with low seed phytate. In order to incorporate the low phytate trait into our regionally adapted soybean cultivar ‘5601T,’ we have combined a series of backcrosses with marker-assisted selection (MAS) at each backcross stage. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have enabled us to i) transfer two recessive alleles governing the low phytate trait and ii) identify which specific individual backcross plants had DNA of the greatest commonality with the genome of the recurrent parent 5601T. We utilized two low-phytate SSR markers Satt237 (linkage group N) and Satt561 (linkage group L) for dual marker assisted selection for gene transfer of the low phytate trait. Molecular markers dispersed across the genome proved to be effective for facilitating genome recovery of the high-yielding 5601T recurrent parent every backcross generation. Chemical analyses confirmed that the low phytate trait was inherited in concert with the molecular markers. Thirty three lines homozygous for both low phytate recessive alleles have been planted in 2008 in a yield trial at the East Tennessee Research and Education Center in Knoxville, TN for field evaluation and seed production.
The distribution of growth‐hormone‐releasing factor (GRF) immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat: An immunohistochemical study using antisera directed against rat hypothalamic GRF (1985)

Immunohistochemical methods have been used to chart the distribution of rat hypothalamic growth-hormone-releasing factor (rhGRF) immunoreactivity in the brains of normal and colchicine-treated adult albino rats. The results suggest the existence of at least two distinct rhGRF-containing systems: one responsible for delivery of the peptide to portal vessels in the median eminence, and one whose relationship, if any, to hypophysiotropic function is less direct. A dense plexus of rhGRF-stained fibers was found throughout the external lamina of the median eminence that is the route by which the peptide is delivered to the anterior pituitary. This projection appears to arise primarily from a group of rhGRF-immunoreactive neurons centered in the arcuate nucleus. Some 1,000-1,500 rhGRF-positive neurons were counted on each side of the brain in rats pretreated with colchicine. Colocalization studies, using a sequential double staining technique, indicated that a subset of rhGRF-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate region contain neurotensin immunoreactivity. No evidence was obtained for colocalization of rhGRF with either of two pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (1-24)) in individual neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Much smaller groups of neurons were localized in the parvicellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and in the dorsomedial nucleus, and it is unclear whether they contribute to the plexus of rhGRF-stained fibers in the median eminence. The only other region in the rat brain in which rhGRF-stained cells were found reliably was in the area that roughly encapsulates the caudal aspect of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Because cells in this region are not known to project to the median eminence, they may be assumed to contribute to the extrahypophysiotropic rhGRF-stained projections outlined below. From the level of the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei, rhGRF-immunoreactive fibers could be traced along the base of the brain and through the periventricular system to discrete terminal fields limited almost exclusively to the hypothalamus and adjoining parts of the basal telencephalon. All parts of the periventricular region of the hypothalamus receive an input, including the preoptic and anterior parts in which somatostatin-containing neurons that project to the median eminence are clustered. Other prominent terminal fields were localized in discrete parts of the dorsomedial, paraventricular, suprachiasmatic, and premammillary nuclei, and in the medial preoptic and lateral hypothalamic areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Stability of Ta-encapsulating Si clusters on Si(111)-(7 7) surfaces (2003)

Tantalum containing Si cluster ions TaSi10–13Hx+ were synthesized in an ion trap and deposited onto Si(111)-(7×7) surfaces with a kinetic energy of 18 eV. Scanning tunnelling microscope observations revealed that the clusters adsorbed on the surface without decomposition, consistent with ab initio calculation results, that predicted the clusters would have stable Si-cage structures with a Ta atom at the centre.
ChemInform Abstract: 2′‐DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE 3′‐ARYL PHOSPHORANILIDATES. KEY INTERMEDIATES IN THE STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF 2′‐DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE CYCLIC 3′,5′‐PHOSPHOROTHIOATES AND DINUCLEOSIDE(3′ → 5′)‐PHOSPHOROTHIOATES (1984)

Abstract Phosphorylierung der geschützten Nucleoside (I) mit dem Reagenz (II) gibt die trennbaren Diastereomeren (III)+(IV), die über die Thioderivate (VI) bzw. (VII) (isoliert "als Pyridiniumsalze) in die Verbindungen (VIII), (IX) übergeführtwerden.