gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ICONE11-36075 A STUDY OF BUBBLY FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN A VERTICAL TUBE USING WIRE MESH TOMOGRAPHY (2003)

For the development of nuclear reactors and the assessment of their safety features, the development of computer code with the high quantity database from the measurement as well as the understanding of the multiphase flow physics are necessary. In this study, the characteristics of bubbly flow in a vertical tube are investigated using Wire Mesh Tomography (WMT). Local void fraction is detected from the dependency of electrical conductivity on the local void fraction. The developed Wire Mesh Sensor is a circular type with two parallel measuring planes to have the capability of gas velocity and bubble size evaluation. The experiment is conducted in a 50mm ID tube at the fully developed condition (93D). The mean bubble size is treated as a constant parameter independent from the superficial gas and liquid velocity by using the bubble generator with a water sub flow. The capability of WMT for studying local characteristic of bubbly flow is presented in Fig 1 and verified by comparing with the literature in Fig 2. In addition, the initial condition effect is still observed at long pipe length. The effects of superficial gas and liquid velocity and the additional bubble intensity on the void fraction distribution are presented. These effects are supposed to change the lateral lift force in both magnitudes and directions which induce the bubble migrated toward to or depart from the wall.
A 2D MTF approach to evaluate and guide dynamic imaging developments (2009)

As the number and complexity of partially sampled dynamic imaging methods continue to increase, reliable strategies to evaluate performance may prove most useful. In the present work, an analytical framework to evaluate given reconstruction methods is presented. A perturbation algorithm allows the proposed evaluation scheme to perform robustly without requiring knowledge about the inner workings of the method being evaluated. A main output of the evaluation process consists of a two-dimensional modulation transfer function, an easy-to-interpret visual rendering of a method's ability to capture all combinations of spatial and temporal frequencies. Approaches to evaluate noise properties and artifact content at all spatial and temporal frequencies are also proposed. One fully sampled phantom and three fully sampled cardiac cine datasets were subsampled (R = 4 and 8) and reconstructed with the different methods tested here. A hybrid method, which combines the main advantageous features observed in our assessments, was proposed and tested in a cardiac cine application, with acceleration factors of 3.5 and 6.3 (skip factors of 4 and 8, respectively). This approach combines features from methods such as k-t sensitivity encoding, unaliasing by Fourier encoding the overlaps in the temporal dimension-sensitivity encoding, generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition, sensitivity profiles from an array of coils for encoding and reconstruction in parallel, self, hybrid referencing with unaliasing by Fourier encoding the overlaps in the temporal dimension and generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition, and generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition-enhanced sensitivity maps for sensitivity encoding reconstructions.
A novel high-performance dms/dgs low-pass filter for radar applications (2017)

This paper introduces the design of low pass filter for radar applications. The main block of the proposed filter is the combination of defected microstrip structure (DMS), compensated microstrip capacitors, and two defected ground structures (DGS). The proposed filter has several desirable features such as low insertion loss of 0.3 dB within the pass band, a wide rejection band from 1.5 GHz to 8.3 GHz with more than 20 dB attenuation, as well as sharp cutoff. Moreover, the proposed design has a compact size of 5.8cm×3.5cm. Experimental measurements of the fabricated filter agree with simulation results, which confirm that the proposed DMS/DGS filter design is suitable for radar and microwave applications.
Radio Arrays for ultra-high-energy Cosmic Particles (2020)

Author(s): Frank Schroeder. Digital radio detection is about to become one of the most important techniques for high-energy particle astrophysics. The next generation of radio experiments aims at measuring cosmic-ray nuclei in hybrid observatories with unprecedented accuracy, and at searching for neutrinos and photons at energies beyond those detected until today. Doing so, radio
Reduction in myocardial function and oxygen consumption after chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer (2022)

Background Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) may induce myocardial dysfunction, congestive heart failure, and impaired physical performance in patients with esophageal cancer (EC). We aimed to investigate left ventricular (LV) function at rest and during stress, using echocardiography (echo) and a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test both before and immediately after completing CRT.Material and methods Consecutive EC patients referred for curative treatment were enrolled. Patients attended either definitive CRT or neoadjuvant CRT with subsequent surgery. The evaluation included cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiogram, echo, and CPX test. The primary endpoint was changes in left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) at rest. Secondary endpoints were LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV diastolic function, LVEF and GLS at peak exercise, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03619317).Results Among 47 patients enrolled (94% male; median age 67 years, range 50–86 years), cardiac examinations were performed a median of three days [Interquartile range (IQR (1–5))] before CRT and one day [IQR (0–6)] after CRT. At rest, GLS and LVEF decreased, 17.6 vs. 16.4% and 56.4 vs. 55.1%, respectively (p = 0.004; p = 0.030). Furthermore, an absolute decrease of at least 5% in LVEF and 2.5% in GLS was noted in 21% of the patients. Signs of LV diastolic dysfunction increased from 13 to 21% (p = ns). VO2max significantly decreased; 21.2 ml/kg/min vs. 18.8 ml/kg/min (p < 0.001).Conclusion LV function and physical performance decreased in EC patients after CRT, and the LV systolic reserve capacity declined. This study highlighted that EC treatment was associated with early cardiac side effects, which may have clinical and prognostic implications.
Adaptive load control algorithms for 3 rd generation mobile networks (2002)

In this paper we present strategies to deal with inherent load uncertainties in future generation mobile networks. We address the interplay between user differentiation and resource allocation, and specifically the problem of CPU load control in a radio network controller (RNC).The algorithms we present distinguish between two types of uncertainty: the resource needs for arriving requests and the variation over time with respect to user service policies. We use feedback mechanisms inspired by automatic control techniques for the first type, and policy-dependent deterministic algorithms for the second type. We test alternative strategies in overload situations. One approach combines feedback control with a pool allocation mechanism, and a second is based on a rejection-ratio-minimising algorithm together with a state estimator.A simulation environment and traffic models for users with voice, mail, SMS and web browsing sessions were built for the purpose of evaluation of the above strategies. Our load control architectures were tested in comparison with an existing algorithm based on the leaky bucket principle. The studies show a superior behaviour with respect to load control in presence of relative user priorities, and minimal rejection criteria. Moreover, our architecture can be tuned to future developments with respect to user differentiation policy.
Photoexcited structural dynamics of an azobenzene analog 4-nitro-4′-dimethylamino-azobenzene from femtosecond stimulated Raman (2012)

Azobenzenes are used in many applications because of their robust and reversible light induced trans cis isomerization about the NN bond, but the mechanism of this ultrafast reaction has not been conclusively defined. Addressing this problem we have used Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS) to determine the structural transients in the trans → cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene derivative, 4-nitro-4′-dimethylamino-azobenzene (NDAB). Key marker modes, such as the 1570/1590 cm−1 NO2 stretch and the 1630 cm−1 C–N(Me)2 stretch, enable the separation and analysis of distinct trans and cis photoproduct dynamics revealing the 400 fs Frank-Condon relaxation, the 800 fs timescale of the cis product formation and the 2 ps emergence and 8 ps relaxation of the unsuccessful ground state trans species. Based on these observations, we propose a reaction mechanism, including initial dilation of the CNN bend later joined by quick movement along the CCNN, CNNC and NNCC torsional coordinates that constitutes a mixed inversion-rotation mechanism.
Micro thermal management of high-power diode laser bars (2001)

Lifetime and reliability of high-power diode laser bars are sensitively related to operating temperature, mounting stress, and solder electromigration. These three factors have been taken into account for the development of a new packaging technology for 1 cm laser bars of gallium arsenide. We examine the use of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond as heatspreaders in order to reduce thermal resistance of a microchannel cooler for liquid cooling. We show that it is possible to perform hard soldering on a CVD-diamond with a new technique. Additionally, we present a controlled water cooling system fit to the flow characteristics of the cooler. It permits one to adjust the emission wavelength of the diode lasers by changing the water flux.
A full-time accelerated vertical comb-driven micromirror for high speed 30-degree scanning (2004)

This paper presents a new structure and driving method for a vertical comb-driven micromirror which enables full-time acceleration and mechanical 30-degree scanning with a 4-mm long mirror. Its optimal application is as a scanning mirror for laser beam printers, replacing polygon mirrors which have technical limits in relation to scanning speed.
A small molecule inhibitor of Pim-1 kinase with activity in both hematological and solid tumor malignancies (2007)

C208 The Pim-1 serine/threonine kinase is known to be involved in a number of signaling pathways as a downstream effector and a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. Unlike most other kinases, Pim-1 lacks a regulatory domain which means it is controlled largely at the transcriptional level and that the mRNA expression levels of Pim-1 in cells correlate with its activity. While normal expression of Pim-1 kinase is seen in cells of hematopoietic origin, examination of gene expression of Pim-1 in different malignancies using cDNA microarray analysis suggests that Pim-1 is overexpressed in a large percentage of ALL, AML, CML, DLBCL, Prostatic Adenocarcinoma, Bladder, and Oral cancers. Pim-1 has been implicated in the onset and progression in several of these malignancies and therefore represents an interesting potential target for drug development. To evaluate the potential of Pim-1 as a drug target we have identified and synthesized a series of Pim-1 kinase inhibitors using our proprietary CLIMBTM drug discovery process. Through the use of CLIMBTM, the published Pim-1 kinase crystal structure was used to build several models that were then used to predict potential small molecule inhibitors of Pim-1 from a large virtual library. A subset of leads, based on calculated binding energies as well as additional physical chemical properties, were screened using a number of in silico physicochemical and ADMET prediction algorithms to determine which compounds were most likely to be successful in a biological context. Lead candidates were initially screened using biochemical enzyme-based and cell-based assays. Cell-based activity was determined in HEL (acute megakaryocytic leukemia), K562 (chronic myeloid leukemia), MO7e (myeloid leukemia), PC3 (prostate adenocarcinoma) and other human tumor cell lines. From several lead candidates a series of analogs were produced with improved inhibitory activity and pharmacokinetic characteristics. In the Pim-1 in vitro kinase assay and in the cell-based assay a number of leads exhibited inhibitory activity with IC50 concentrations in the low nanomolar range. Here we present the details of the biochemical and cell-based assay results as well as the activity in tumor xenograft models of our Pim-1 kinase inhibitors.
Mini-Workshop: Mathematical Analysis for Peridynamics (2011)

A mathematical analysis for peridynamics, a nonlocal elastic theory, is the subject of the mini-workshop. Peridynamics is a novel multiscale mechanical model where the canonical divergence of the stress tensor is replaced by an integral operator that sums forces at a finite distance. As such, the underlying regularity assumptions are more general, for instance, allowing discontinuous and non-differentiable displacement fields. Although the theoretical mechanical formulation of peridynamics is well understood, the mathematical and numerical analyses are in their early stages. The mini-workshop proved to be a catalyst for the emerging mathematical analyses among an international group of mathematicians.
Supplementary Methods from Multiple Injections of Electroporated Autologous T Cells Expressing a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Mediate Regression of Human Disseminated Tumor (2023)

Supplementary Methods from Multiple Injections of Electroporated Autologous T Cells Expressing a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Mediate Regression of Human Disseminated Tumor
<title>Natural color reproduction of human skin for telemedicine</title> (1998)

For a reliable diagnosis through visual telecommunication systems, it is very important to reproduce patient images with correct color. Natural color television system previously proposed is capable of reproducing the original color of the objects using multispectral images, even when the illumination environment for observing images is different from the illumination used for recording. In this paper, to render this system practical for telemedicine system, we reduce the number of color bands of multispectral camera by utilizing the principal components of spectral reflectances in human skin class. In addition, we investigate a simple method, using color charts, to obtain the recording information of both illumination and camera. As color chart selection criterion, it becomes clear that principal components for human skin class need to be described by the linear combination of spectral reflectances of color charts. Principal components for human skin class are obtained through measurements and analysis of 484 human skin spectral reflectances. In the experiment, natural color reproduction for human skin is realized from limited number of color bands using color charts for acquiring the recording information instead of spectral measurement devices.
Prevention and treatment of murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with T cell receptor V beta-specific antibodies. (1990)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model system for T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Symptoms of EAE are similar to those of multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. EAE is induced in susceptible animal strains by immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) and potent adjuvant. The major T cell response to MBP in B10.PL mice is directed towards an NH2-terminal epitope and involves T cells expressing either V beta 8.2 or V beta 13 gene segments. Animals treated with a TCR V beta 8-specific mAb have a reduced incidence of EAE. We report here that the in vivo administration of a combination of anti-V beta 8.2 and anti-V beta 13 mAbs results in a long-term elimination of T cells involved in the response to MBP. When given before MBP immunization, anti-TCR antibody treatment leads to nearly complete protection against EAE. Antibody treatment also results in a dramatic reversal of paralysis in diseased animals. Thus, treatment with a combination of V beta-specific antibodies is a very effective therapy for the prevention and treatment of EAE. It is hoped that the future characterization of TCR V gene usage in human autoimmune diseases may lead to similar strategies of immune intervention.
Hydroxylation of Specifically Deuterated Limonene Enantiomers by Cytochrome P450 Limonene-6-Hydroxylase Reveals the Mechanism of Multiple Product Formation (2002)

The regiochemistry and facial stereochemistry of the limonene-6-hydroxylase- (CYP71D18-) mediated hydroxylation of the monoterpene olefin limonene are determined by the absolute configuration of the substrate. (-)-(4S)-Limonene is hydroxylated at the C6 allylic position to give (-)-trans-carveol as the only product, whereas (+)-(4R)-limonene yields multiple hydroxylation products with (+)-cis-carveol predominating. Specifically deuterated limonene enantiomers were prepared to investigate the net stereospecificity of hydroxylation at C6 and the mechanism of multiple product formation. The results of isotopically sensitive branching experiments of competitive and noncompetitive design were consistent with a nondissociative kinetic mechanism, indicating that (4R)-limonene has sufficient freedom of motion within the active site of CYP71D18 to allow formation of either the trans-3- or cis-6-hydroxylated product. However, the kinetic isotope effects resulting from deuterium abstraction were significantly smaller than expected for an allylic hydroxylation, and they did not approach the intrinsic isotope effect. (4S)-Limonene is oxygenated with almost complete stereospecificity for hydrogen abstraction from the trans-6-position, demonstrating rigid orientation during hydrogen abstraction and hydroxyl delivery. The oxygenation of (4R)-limonene leading to the formation of (+/-)-trans-carveol is accompanied by considerable allylic rearrangement and stereochemical scrambling, whereas the formation of (+)-cis-carveol proceeds without allylic rearrangement and with nearly complete stereospecificity for hydrogen abstraction from the cis-6-position. These results demonstrate that a single cytochrome P450 enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of small antipodal substrates with distinct stereochemistries and reveal that substrate-dependent positional motion of the intermediate carbon radical (and, therefore, hydroxylation stereospecificity) is determined by active-site binding complementarity. Thus, epimerization and allylic rearrangement are not inherent features of these reactions but occur when loss of active-site complementarity allows increased substrate mobility.
Posouzení informačního systému firmy a návrh změn (2011)

Tato diplomová práce analyzuje problematiku elektronizace státní správy, která je v posledních letech výrazně podporována, především díky dotacím z Evropské unie. Praktická část se pak zaměřuje na konkrétní příklad integrace technologického centra na vzorový městský úřad, včetně vázanosti s dalšími projekty typu spisové služby a vnitřní integrace úřadu.
Rigid amphipathic fusion inhibitors, small molecule antiviral compounds against enveloped viruses (2010)

Antiviral drugs targeting viral proteins often result in prompt selection for resistance. Moreover, the number of viral targets is limited. Novel antiviral targets are therefore needed. The unique characteristics of fusion between virion envelopes and cell membranes may provide such targets. Like all fusing bilayers, viral envelopes locally adopt hourglass-shaped stalks during the initial stages of fusion, a process that requires local negative membrane curvature. Unlike cellular vesicles, however, viral envelopes do not redistribute lipids between leaflets, can only use the energy released by virion proteins, and fuse to the extracellular leaflets of cell membranes. Enrichment in phospholipids with hydrophilic heads larger than their hydrophobic tails in the convex outer leaflet of vesicles favors positive curvature, therefore increasing the activation energy barrier for fusion. Such phospholipids can increase the activation barrier beyond the energy provided by virion proteins, thereby inhibiting viral fusion. However, phospholipids are not pharmacologically useful. We show here that a family of synthetic rigid amphiphiles of shape similar to such phospholipids, RAFIs (rigid amphipathic fusion inhibitors), inhibit the infectivity of several otherwise unrelated enveloped viruses, including hepatitis C and HSV-1 and -2 (lowest apparent IC(50) 48 nM), with no cytotoxic or cytostatic effects (selectivity index > 3,000) by inhibiting the increased negative curvature required for the initial stages of fusion.
GDNF Receptors: Veterans and Novices (2009)

Neurotrophic factors play essential role in the development and functioning of the nervous system and other organs. Glial cell line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs) are of particular interest because they promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons in vitro, in Parkinson s disease animal models and in patients. GDNF is also a potent survival factor for the central motoneurons and thus is considered as a potential lead for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The survival promoting receptor complex for GFLs consists of a ligand-specific co-receptor, GFRα and a signal transducing module, receptor tyrosine kinase RET. At least GDNF and persephin, a GFL, have established functions outside central nervous system. GDNF is crucial for enteric nervous system and kidney development as well as for spermatogenesis. Persephin controls calcitonin secretion. \n\nCommunication between cells often occurs in the extracellular matrix (ECM), a meshwork, which is secreted and deposited by the cells and is mainly composed of fibrillar proteins and polymerized sugars. We evaluated the relationship between GFLs and extracellular matrix components and demonstrated that three GFLs - GDNF, neurturin and artemin bind heparan sulfates with nanomolar affinities. The fourth member of the family - persephin binds these polysaccharides thousand times less tightly. GDNF, neurturin and artemin also bind with high affinity to heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) isolated from the nervous system, syndecan-3. \n\nGDNF signals through HSPGs, evoking Src family kinase activation. This signaling induces cell spreading, hippocampal neurite outgrowth in vitro and cellular migration. Specifically, GDNF signaling through syndecan-3 is important for embryonic cortical neuron migration. Syndecan-3-deficient mice, similarly to mice lacking GDNF, have less GABAergic neurons in their cortex, as compared to the wild-type mice. This fact provides indirect evidence that GDNF interaction with syndecan-3 is important for cortical brain development. Noteworthy, in non-neuronal tissues GFLs may signal via other syndecans. \n\nWe also present the structural model for a GDNF co-receptor, GFRα1. The X-ray structure of the GFRα1 domain 3 was solved with 1.8 Å resolution, revealing a new protein fold. Later we also solved the structure of the truncated GFRα1 in the complex with GDNF and this model was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. \n\nIn summary, our work contributed to the structural characterization of GFRα-based receptor complex and revealed a new receptor for GDNF, neurturin and artemin the HSPG syndecan-3. This information is critically important for the development of GFRα/RET agonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.