gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Valproic Acid Prodrug Affects Selective Markers, Augments Doxorubicin Anticancer Activity and Attenuates Its Toxicity in a Murine Model of Aggressive Breast Cancer (2021)

We studied the unique inhibitor of the histone deacetylases (HDAC) valproate-valpromide of acyclovir (AN446) that upon metabolic degradation release the HDAC inhibitor (HDACI) valproic acid (VPA). Among the HDAC inhibitors that we have tested, only AN446, and to a lesser extent VPA, synergized with doxorubicin (Dox) anti-cancer activity. Romidepsin (Rom) was additive and the other HDACIs tested were antagonistic. These findings led us to test and compare the anticancer activities of AN446, VPA, and Rom with and without Dox in the 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer murine model. A dose of 4 mg/kg once a week of Dox had no significant effect on tumor growth. Rom was toxic, and when added to Dox the toxicity intensified. AN446, AN446 + Dox, and VPA + Dox suppressed tumor growth. AN446 and AN446 + Dox were the best inhibitory treatments for tumor fibrosis, which promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Dox increased fibrosis in the heart and kidneys, disrupting their function. AN446 most effectively suppressed Dox-induced fibrosis in these organs and protected their function. AN446 and AN446 + Dox treatments were the most effective inhibitors of metastasis to the lungs, as measured by the gap area. Genes that control and regulate tumor growth, DNA damage and repair, reactive oxygen production, and generation of inflammation were examined as potential therapeutic targets. AN446 affected their expression in a tissue-dependent manner, resulting in augmenting the anticancer effect of Dox while reducing its toxicity. The specific therapeutic targets that emerged from this study are discussed.
Turbulence Effect on Frequency Characteristics of Unsteady Motions in Wake of Wing (2000)

The ine uences of the freestream turbulence intensity on the frequency characteristics of the instability wave and vortex shedding in the wake of a NACA 0012 wing model are studied experimentally. The functional relationships among the Strouhal, Roshko, and Reynolds numbers in the viscous-effect-dominated and the inertialeffect-dominated regimesareobtained. Thefreestream turbulence hasapparenteffect on theStrouhal and Roshko numbers in the regimes of instability wave and laminar and subcritical vortex-shedding modes that are obtained at low Reynolds numbers. However, at large Reynolds numbers in the supercritical vortex-shedding mode, particularly at large angles of attack, the effect of freestream turbulence intensity on the frequency selection is not signie cant. For the instability wave, the Roshko number decreases with the increase of freestream turbulence and then approaches constant values when the freestream turbulence intensity is larger than a critical value between 0.45 and 0.5%. However, the Strouhal number of the vortex shedding of laminar and subcritical modes increases signie cantly with an increase of turbulence intensity and then decreases when the freestream turbulence intensity is larger than a critical value between 0.45 and 0.5%. The change of the characteristic surface e ow modes may contribute to the dominant mechanism of the existence of critical freestream turbulence intensity. Nomenclature C = chord length of wing, 6 cm d = length of wing-section projection on cross-stream plane f = frequency of instabilities in wake region, Hz ` = distance in X direction measured from mesh screen M = mesh size of turbulence generation screen Rec = Reynolds number based on chord length of wing, uwC/m Red = Reynolds number based on cross-stream projection of wing section, uwd/m Rod = Roshko number of vortex shedding, f d 2 /m Srd = Strouhal number of vortex shedding, f d/uw T = freestream turbulence intensity u = x component of local instantaneous velocity uw = average freestream velocity X = streamwise coordinate, originated from leading edge of wing model on root-plane Y = spanwise coordinate, originated from leading edge of wing model on root-plane Z = crosse ow coordinate, originated from leading edge of wing model on root-plane a = root angle of attack m = kinetic viscosity of air stream q = density of air stream U = power spectrum of e uctuating velocities
Chimpanzee thumb muscle cross sections, moment arms and potential torques, and comparisons with humans (1999)

This study investigates the morphological basis of differences between humans and chimpanzees in the kinematical and dynamical parameters of the musculature of the thumb. It is partly intended to test an hypothesis that human thumb muscles can exert significantly greater torques, due to larger muscle cross-sectional areas or to longer tendon moment arms or to both. We focus on the estimation of the potentials of thumb muscles to exert torques about joint axes in a sample of eight chimpanzee cadaver hands. The potential torque of a muscle is estimated by taking the product of a muscle's physiological cross-sectional area (an estimator of force) with its dynamical moment arm (derived from the slope of tendon excursion versus joint angular displacement, obtained during passive movements of cadaver thumb joints). Comparison of our results with similar data obtained for humans at the same Mayo Clinic laboratory shows significant differences between humans and chimpanzees in potential torque of most thumb muscles, those of humans generally exhibiting larger values. The primary reason for the larger torques in humans is that their average moment arms are significantly longer, permitting greater torque for a given muscle size. An additional finding is that chimpanzees and humans differ in the direction of secondary thumb metacarpal movements elicited by contraction of some muscles, as shown by differences in moment arm signs for a given movement in the same muscle. The differences appear to be related to differences in the musculo-skeletal structures of the trapeziometacarpal joint.
Comitative P (2020)

This chapter investigates the diachronic development of the Italian comitative preposition <italic>con</italic> “with” and its pronominal complement. The authors verify the predictions of the Directional Asymmetry Principle, an independently motivated developmental universal, in the diachrony of Italian and argue that symmetry breaking reduces the choice between a valued and an unvalued variant of a functional feature associated with a functional head, here comitative P. As predicted by the hypothesis, this choice, which was available in earlier stages of Italian, is gradually reduced in Modern Italian. The authors relate variation in language to variation in evolutionary developmental biology. Because language variation is biologically grounded, and variation is a central concept in biology, a deeper understanding of linguistic diversity can be foreseen, that is, an understanding that goes beyond explanatory adequacy.
Extended Methodologies for Using Extreme Value Statistic for SRAM Vmin (2019)

This paper focuses on the practical usage of the Gumbel distribution for measured Vmin data of static random access memory (SRAM) arrays. It provides a framework which allows to estimate the failure density at end of life (EOL) in units of failing devices per million (dpm). This includes methodologies for considering aging, screening prior to aging, and erratic bit behavior. In particular, screening prior to aging is the relevant scenario in practice as it reflects the usage of semiconductor products at the end customer. The methodologies are applied to two examples of SRAM Vmin data which were measured for CMOS technologies with high-k metal gate.
Tissue-Specific Expression of Germin-Like Oxalate Oxidase during Development and Fungal Infection of Barley Seedlings (1995)

Oxalate oxidase activity was detected in situ during the development of barley seedlings. The presence of germin-like oxalate oxidase was confirmed by immunoblotting using an antibody directed against wheat germin produced in Escherichia coli, which is shown to cross-react with barley (Hordeum vulgare) oxalate oxidase and by enzymatic assay after electrophoresis of the protein extracts on polyacrylamide gels. In 3-d-old barley seedlings, oxalate oxidase is localized in the epidermal cells of the mature region of primary roots and in the coleorhiza. After 10 d of growth, the activity is detectable only in the coleorhiza. Moreover, we show that oxalate oxidase is induced in barley leaves during infection by the fungus Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei but not by wounding. Thus, oxalate oxidase is a new class of proteins that responds to pathogen attack. We propose that oxalate oxidase could have a role in plant defense through the production of H2O2.
Positron Emission Tomography using [ 18 F]fluorotamoxifen to Evaluate Therapeutic Responses in Patients with Breast Cancer: Preliminary Study (1996)

Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to assess the biodistribution and clinical usefulness of [18F]fluorotamoxifen (FTX) in 10 patients with estrogen-receptor(ER)-positive breast tumors. Ten patients with ER-positive breast cancer were prospectively studied, and the consecutive PET imagings (each takes 15 or 20 min) were obtained for 60 or 80 min after the injection of 88.8-392.2 MBq (2.4-10.6 mCi) of [18F]FTX. Twenty three suspected primary or metastatic lesions in 10 patients were evaluated and the tumor uptakes of [18F]FTX in nineteen tumor lesions were correlated to the response of tamoxifen therapy. Three lesions in three patients were considered to be truly negative for breast cancer on the bases of biopsy specimens and/or clinical course. Five (71.4%) of seven patients and 16 (80.0%) of 20 lesions were interpreted to be truly positive for breast cancer. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV) of the radiotracer in tumor was 3.0 on delayed images. There was no significant correlation between the standardized uptake values of [18F]FTX and the ER concentrations in primary lesions. Nineteen tumor lesions in six patients were evaluable to compare the [18F]FTX uptake with responses to tamoxifen therapy after the PET study. Three patients who had a good response to tamoxifen therapy showed positive lesions on PET images, whereas two of three patients who had a poor response showed negative lesions and one showed mixed results. There was no significant difference of [18F]FTX uptake in bone lesions between good and poor responders. However, when bone lesions were excluded, [18F]FTX uptakes in tumors with good responses were significantly higher than those with poor responses (mean and standard deviation of SUV: 2.46 +/- 0.62 vs 1.37 +/- 0.59, P < 0.05). PET imaging using [18F]FTX provides useful information in predicting the effect of tamoxifen therapy in patients with ER-positive breast cancer. Further study is warranted to confirm the clinical utility of PET using [18F]FTX in breast cancer patients.
Propagation beam consideration for 3D THz computed tomography (2012)

In this paper, a model of the beam propagation is developed according to the physical properties of THz waves used in THz computed tomography (CT) scan imaging. This model is first included in an acquisition simulator to observe and estimate the impact of the Gaussian beam intensity profile on the projection sets. Second, the model is introduced in several inversion methods as a convolution filter to perform efficient tomographic reconstructions of simulated and real acquired objects. Results obtained with three reconstruction methods (BFP, SART and OSEM) are compared to the techniques proposed in this paper. We will demonstrate an increase of the overall quality and accuracy of the 3D reconstructions.
Cocina, transformaciones sociales y nuevos conceptos para nuevas prácticas alimentarias: el caso de la «cuina compromesa» (Burg, Pirineo de Lleida) (2014)

espanolCataluna ha experimentado en los ultimos cinco anos un aumento considerable de produccion agroecologica y consumo consciente, ambos vinculados a una nueva concepcion socialimentaria. Esta tendencia esta modificando algunas de las dinamicas actuales en el territorio a favor de una integracion de los ejes economicos, sociales y ambientales. El objetivo de este articulo es identificar las repercusiones del nuevo concepto de cuina compromesa en las dinamicas territoriales actuales y futuras en Cataluna. La cuina compromesa se basa en los siguientes cinco pilares irrenunciables: compra local, produccion ecologica, alimentos de temporada, contacto directo y pagos justos. La puesta en practica de estos cinco elementos vincula la produccion ecologica del nuevo campesinado a la generacion de relaciones sociales mas justas entre el campo y la cocina. Se potencian los canales cortos de comercializacion, el cuidado del medio ambiente, el fomento de un turismo responsable y el mantenimiento de la cultura agraria y culinaria, entre otros. La integracion del concepto de cuina compromesa en las nuevas dinamicas territoriales fortalece la consolidacion y la generacion de nuevas empresas tanto agrarias como turisticas de base ecologica. EnglishCatalonia has experienced a strong increase in agroecological production and reflexive consumption in the last five years; the concept of cuina compromesa can be lined to both new realities. This tendency is changing current territorial dynamics in favour of economic. Social and environmental positive integration.The aim of this article is to identify the contributions of this new concept: “cuina compromesa” (committed cuisine) to the current and future territorial dynamics in Catalonia. Cuina compromesa, as a philosophical and ethical practice, has five main pillars: buying local, use organic products, use seasonal products, direct contact with producers and consumers, and assure fair price. The inclusion of these five pillars enhances new and fair and social relationships between country and the act of cooking, which facilitates the engagement of the new peasantry with alternative and safe new markets. At the same time, this practice strengthens short chain supplies, facilitates the creation and reproduction of greener agro-ecosystems, encourages responsible and sustainable tourism, and helps to preserve and enhances local gastronomies and farming styles. The inclusion of the new concept cuina compromesa in the analysis of new territorial dynamics enhances the consolidation and creation of new initiatives within the agricultural and tourist sectors with a positive ecological impact.
Preparation and Characterization of Ca4Bi6O13 Complex Oxide (2011)

Abstract A single phase of Ca4Bi6O13 crystal was obtained at lower calcination temperature in a citric acid complex method than in a solid-state reaction. From the diffuse reflection spectra, it was found that Ca4Bi6O13 is direct-gap material and that the optical band gap is 2.92 eV. After heating at 600 °C or above, the specific surface area of Ca4Bi6O13 powder was ca. three times larger when prepared by a citric acid complex method than by solid-state reaction. Further, it was confirmed that the photocatalytic activity of Ca4Bi6O13 for the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) was higher in a citric acid complex method than in a solid-state reaction under visible-light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm).
Role of advanced materials in electrical machines (2017)

There has been a revived and growing role for electrical machines and drives across a wide range of applications. Such applications include, hybrid/electrical traction applications, aerospace applications, and renewable energy. All these applications present different set of requirements and challenges. The common trend is that there is a need for higher-performance electrical machines in terms of higher power/torque density, and higher efficiency while keeping cost under control. There has been a lot of work done around coming up with novel machine topologies, optimizing more conventional topologies as well as improved thermal management schemes. Like many other areas of engineering/research, advanced materials can play a key role in opening up the design space for electrical machines leading to a step improvement in their performance. This paper will present an overview of some of the key advanced materials that are either recently developed or are currently under development and their potential impact on electrical machines.
Unique H2-utilizing lithotrophy in serpentinite-hosted systems (2022)

Serpentinization of ultramafic rocks provides molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) that can support lithotrophic metabolism of microorganisms, but also poses extremely challenging conditions, including hyperalkalinity and limited electron acceptor availability. Investigation of two serpentinization-active systems reveals that conventional H<sub>2</sub>-/CO<sub>2</sub>-dependent homoacetogenesis is thermodynamically unfavorable in situ due to picomolar CO<sub>2</sub> levels. Through metagenomics and thermodynamics, we discover unique taxa capable of metabolism adapted to the habitat. This included a novel deep-branching phylum, "Ca. Lithacetigenota", that exclusively inhabits serpentinite-hosted systems and harbors genes encoding alternative modes of H<sub>2</sub>-utilizing lithotrophy. Rather than CO<sub>2</sub>, these putative metabolisms utilize reduced carbon compounds detected in situ presumably serpentinization-derived: formate and glycine. The former employs a partial homoacetogenesis pathway and the latter a distinct pathway mediated by a rare selenoprotein-the glycine reductase. A survey of microbiomes shows that glycine reductases are diverse and nearly ubiquitous in serpentinite-hosted environments. "Ca. Lithacetigenota" glycine reductases represent a basal lineage, suggesting that catabolic glycine reduction is an ancient bacterial innovation by Terrabacteria for gaining energy from geogenic H<sub>2</sub> even under hyperalkaline, CO<sub>2</sub>-poor conditions. Unique non-CO<sub>2</sub>-reducing metabolisms presented here shed light on potential strategies that extremophiles may employ for overcoming a crucial obstacle in serpentinization-associated environments, features potentially relevant to primordial lithotrophy in early Earth.
Graft formation and chain scission in blends of polyamide-6 and -6.6 with maleic anhydride containing polymers (1998)

The in situ formation of a compatibilizer, consisting of a copolymer of PA grafted onto a maleic anhydride (MA) containing polymer, is essential for the morphology and properties of the corresponding PA blends. In this study four blends, containing PA-6 or PA-6.6 and EPDM-g-MA or poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA; 28 wt % MA), were prepared and characterized. Chemical analyses showed that the amount of PA graft is independent of the blend composition. Going from EPDM-g-MA to SMA the MA content of the original MA-containing polymer increases, which in the corresponding blends results in an increase in the number of PA grafts and a decrease in the length of the PA grafts. In the SMA blends the number averaged molecular weight of the grafted PA is only about 200 g/mol. It is postulated that the water molecule, released upon imide formation at the PA/(MA-containing polymer) interface, hydrolyses a PA amide group, resulting in a new amine end group, which in its turn reacts with the MA-containing polymer, etc. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the degree of crystallinity of the PA phase is decreased only when the size of the PA phase between the MA-containing polymer domains approaches the PA crystalline lamellar thickness. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 179–188, 1998
Quantized Precoding using Gibbs Sampling in Massive MIMO Downlink (2019)

The sum rate performance of quantized precoding using Gibbs sampling is evaluated in a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in this paper. The massive MIMO is a promising technique to improve spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. In a full digital massive MIMO system, however, the resolution of digital-to-analogue converters (DACs) in transmit antenna branches have to be low enough because of their power consumption. Therefore, quantized precoding or precoding with the low resolution DACs is investigated. A conventional optimization criterion minimizes errors between a desired received signal and a designed signal. However, the system sum rate may decrease as it increases transmit power. This paper proposes two optimization criteria that take not only the errors but also the transmit power into account to select the candidate quantized transmit signal in order to maximize the sum rate. Moreover, Gibbs sampling is applied to obtain the suboptimal solution of the optimization problem. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed sum rate based criterion for the optimization achieves the approximately 1.3 times higher sum rate than the conventional criterion on a Rician fading channel. On the other hand, the proposed symbol-power-to-mean-square-error ratio (SMSER) based criterion shows faster optimization convergence.
Longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection reveals distinct kinetics and emergence of cross-neutralizing antibodies to variants of concern (2023)

The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 continues to raise new questions regarding the duration of immunity to reinfection with emerging variants. To address these knowledge gaps, controlled investigations in established animal models are needed to assess duration of immunity induced by each SARS-CoV-2 lineage and precisely evaluate the extent of cross-reactivity and cross-protection afforded. Using the Syrian hamster model, we specifically investigated duration of infection acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2 ancestral Wuhan strain over 12 months. Plasma spike- and RBD-specific IgG titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 peaked at 4 months post-infection and showed a modest decline by 12 months. Similar kinetics were observed with plasma virus neutralizing antibody titers which peaked at 2 months post-infection and showed a modest decline by 12 months. Reinfection with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 at regular intervals demonstrated that prior infection provides long-lasting immunity as hamsters were protected against severe disease when rechallenged at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after primary infection, and this coincided with the induction of high virus neutralizing antibody titers. Cross-neutralizing antibody titers against the B.1.617.2 variant (Delta) progressively waned in blood over 12 months, however, re-infection boosted these titers to levels equivalent to ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Conversely, cross-neutralizing antibodies to the BA.1 variant (Omicron) were virtually undetectable at all time-points after primary infection and were only detected following reinfection at 6 and 12 months. Collectively, these data demonstrate that infection with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains generates antibody responses that continue to evolve long after resolution of infection with distinct kinetics and emergence of cross-reactive and cross-neutralizing antibodies to Delta and Omicron variants and their specific spike antigens.
Two kinds of dopant activation in boron-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon–carbon (1996)

Dopant activation occurs via both thermal annealing and light-soaking in boron-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon–carbon prepared at a relatively low temperature. Both kinds of dopant activation probably originate from the same boron sites, because they both cause almost the same increase in dark conductivity, and no light-induced activation occurs after the thermally induced activation has been attained. The light-induced states show relaxation even at room temperature and are bistable sites, but the thermally induced states show no significant relaxation and have a more stable configuration. Perhaps, the light-induced states are caused by microscopic change and the thermally induced states are created with larger scale restructuring.