gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ozonolysis of Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Room temperature ozonolysis of fluorinated SWNT and phenyl-sulfonated SWNT have been studied in perfluoropolyether (PFPE) solvents. Etching at the end caps (approximately 70 nm/hour for fluorinated SWNT/PFPE suspension with 1 g/l concentration) has been demonstrated to be the dominating effect during the ozonolysis of fluorinated SWNT. Base on characterization by AFM analysis, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy, fluorination along the SWNT sidewalls protects F-SWNT from extensive functionalization by ozonolysis. An ozone reaction with fluorinated SWNT has been found to improve its solubility in 96% sulfuric acid. This allows oxidative cutting by ammonium peroxydisulfate without defluorination. In comparison to fluorinated SWNT, phenyl-sulfonated SWNT was found to be effectively and homogeneous cut by ozonolysis in a water suspension.
Aryl and Arylalkyl Substituted 3‐Hydroxypyridin‐2(1H)‐ones: Synthesis and Evaluation as Inhibitors of Influenza A Endonuclease (2019)

Seasonal influenza infections are associated with an estimated 250-500 000 deaths annually. Resistance to the antiviral M2 ion-channel inhibitors has largely invalidated their clinical utility. Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors has also been observed in several influenza A virus (IAV) strains. These data have prompted research on inhibitors that target the cap-snatching endonuclease activity of the polymerase acidic protein (PA). Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza®), recently approved for clinical use, inhibits cap-snatching endonuclease. Resistance to Xofluza® has been reported in both in vitro systems and in the clinic. An X-ray crystallographic screening campaign of a fragment library targeting IAV endonuclease identified 5-chloro-3-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-one as a bimetal chelating agent at the active site. We have reported the structure-activity relationships for 3-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-ones and 3-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones as endonuclease inhibitors. These studies identified two distinct binding modes associated with inhibition of this enzyme that are influenced by the presence of substituents at the 5- and 6-positions of 3-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-ones. Herein we report the structure-activity relationships associated with various para-substituted 5-phenyl derivatives of 6-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypyridin-2(1H)-ones and the effect of using naphthyl, benzyl, and naphthylmethyl groups as alternatives to the p-fluorophenyl substituent on their activity as endonuclease inhibitors.
Des bioessais écotoxicologiques in situ pour évaluer les impacts biologiques de la contamination chimique des cours d'eau nationaux : l’expérience du gammare (2021)

National audience
Demonstration of Spatial Mode Selection in a Coherently Combined Fiber Laser (2019)

Several physical mechanisms influence the self-phasing of passive coherently combined laser systems, including wavelength tuning, the Kramers-Kronig (KK) effect, the optical Kerr effect, regenerative feedback, and spatial mode selection. Beam recycling, a concept introduced in the modal analysis of a Michelson cavity, applies feedback to waste energy from the coherent combination process to introduce a second supermode in the cavity [1]. Experiments using a polarization-multiplexed cavity showed that the output power is less sensitive to gain arm path length changes when beam recycling is used [2]. Self-phasing mechanisms including beam recycling appear to have also been applied in a ring laser array [3]. Here, we present an experiment which isolates the beam recycling effect in a fiber laser with two separate gain media and show improved laser performance when recycling is implemented.
Imaging across the Short-Wave Infra-Red (SWIR) Band via a Flat Multilevel Diffractive Lens (2019)

We designed and fabricated a flat multi-level diffractive lens (MDL) that is achromatic in the SWIR band (875nm to 1675nm). The MDL had a focal length of 25mm, aperture diameter of 8.93mm and thickness of only 2.6um. By pairing the MDL with a SWIR image sensor, we also characterized its imaging performance in terms of the point-spread functions, modulation-transfer functions, and still and video imaging.
Non-invasive Adaptive Nulling For Improved Hyperthermia Thermal Dose Distribution (2005)

Adaptive nulling is applied to the problem of generating a therapeutic thermal dose distribution in electromagnetic hyperthermia treatment of cancer. Non-invasive electric field probes are used to reduce the electric field at target positions where undesired high temperature regions (hot spots) occur. Computer simulation results are presented for a fully-adaptive eightelement annular array operating at 120 MHz. The simulations show that adaptive nulling can prevent undesired hot spots from occurring while simultaneously heating a deep-seated tumor site.
Number of discernible object colors is a conundrum (2013)

Widely varying estimates of the number of discernible object colors have been made by using various methods over the past 100 years. To clarify the source of the discrepancies in the previous, inconsistent estimates, the number of discernible object colors is estimated over a wide range of color temperatures and illuminance levels using several chromatic adaptation models, color spaces, and color difference limens. Efficient and accurate models are used to compute optimal-color solids and count the number of discernible colors. A comprehensive simulation reveals limitations in the ability of current color appearance models to estimate the number of discernible colors even if the color solid is smaller than the optimal-color solid. The estimates depend on the color appearance model, color space, and color difference limen used. The fundamental problem lies in the von Kries-type chromatic adaptation transforms, which have an unknown effect on the ranking of the number of discernible colors at different color temperatures.
Identification of GroEL as a constituent of an mRNA‐protection complex in Escherichia coli (1995)

An RNA-binding activity has been identified in Escherichia coli that provides physical protection of RNA against ribonucleases in an ATP- and Mg(2+)-dependent manner. This binding activity is stimulated under growth conditions known to cause a decrease in the rate of mRNA decay. RNA protection is mediated by a protein complex that contains a modified form of the chaperonin GroEL as an indispensable constituent. These results suggest a new role for GroEL as an RNA chaperone.
Mutant Profilin1 transgenic mice recapitulate cardinal features of motor neuron disease (2016)

The recent identification of profilin1 mutations in 25 familial ALS cases has linked altered function of this cytoskeleton-regulating protein to the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease. To investigate the pathological role of mutant profilin1 in motor neuron disease, we generated transgenic lines of mice expressing human profilin1 with a mutation at position 118 (hPFN1G118V). One of the mouse lines expressing high levels of mutant human PFN1 protein in the brain and spinal cord exhibited many key clinical and pathological features consistent with human ALS disease. These include loss of lower (ventral horn) and upper motor neurons (corticospinal motor neurons in layer V), mutant profilin1 aggregation, abnormally ubiquitinated proteins, reduced choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme expression, fragmented mitochondria, glial cell activation, muscle atrophy, weight loss, and reduced survival. Our investigations of actin dynamics and axonal integrity suggest that mutant PFN1 protein is associated with an abnormally low filamentous/globular (F/G)-actin ratio that may be the underlying cause of severe damage to ventral root axons resulting in a Wallerian-like degeneration. These observations indicate that our novel profilin1 mutant mouse line may provide a new ALS model with the opportunity to gain unique perspectives into mechanisms of neurodegeneration that contribute to ALS pathogenesis.
Attosecond physics: facing the wave–particle duality (2005)

Recent progress in generation and control of intense optical fields has given rise to isolated soft x-ray pulses with durations significantly below 1 fs. These constitute a tool of unprecedented temporal definition for attosecond physics - the study and manipulation of electronic motion on a time scale approaching the atomic unit of time. A key mechanism in such experiments is the well-defined momentum transfer between a quasi-free electron, released from an atom following irradiation by a short x-ray pulse, and a precisely controlled strong visible light field. The electrons' final kinetic energy thus sensitively depends on the timing of electron release with respect to the field oscillations and reveals the ejected electrons' confinement in time with sub-cycle, i.e. attosecond, resolution. Experiments resulting in electron emission of different durations can be interpreted in terms of a particle-like or wave-like electron, depending on whether the emission duration is considerably shorter or longer than the wave period of the probing light. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Applicability of Narrow Groove Theory in Designing Washout Features for Rotary Blood Pumps (2021)

High and low shear regions in rotary blood pumps require sufficient washout flow to minimize blood residence time, thereby preventing hemolysis or regions of stasis that can lead to pump thrombosis. Spiral groove bearings (SGBs) both enhance pump washout and reduce erythrocyte exposure to high shear. Narrow groove theory (NGT) has been used as an analytical tool to estimate the flow performance of a flat SGB during the design stage. However, NGT cannot accurately predict the performance of a conical SGB. In this study, we formulated an analytical model from the established NGT by adding an inertia correction term to incorporate variations in centrifugal force, which improved washout prediction in a conical SGB. The modified NGT model was then validated by comparison with experimental results. The results show that the modified NFT analytical model can reasonably predict washout rate when the spiral groove geometry favors creep flow conditions. The conical half angle of the SGB had the most significant impact on washout, with a decrease in half angle leading to large increases in wash-out flow. Small half angles also maintained viscous pumping at larger Reynolds numbers. In summary, the modified NGT can be a useful tool for designing conical SGBs for rotary blood pump washout within the creep flow regime.
Survivin promotes oxidative phosphorylation, subcellular mitochondrial repositioning, and tumor cell invasion (2015)

Survivin promotes cell division and suppresses apoptosis in many human cancers, and increased abundance correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis. We showed that a pool of survivin that localized to the mitochondria of certain tumor cell lines enhanced the stability of oxidative phosphorylation complex II, which promoted cellular respiration. Survivin also supported the subcellular trafficking of mitochondria to the cortical cytoskeleton of tumor cells, which was associated with increased membrane ruffling, increased focal adhesion complex turnover, and increased tumor cell migration and invasion in cultured cells, and enhanced metastatic dissemination in vivo. Therefore, we found that mitochondrial respiration enhanced by survivin contributes to cancer metabolism, and relocalized mitochondria may provide a "regional" energy source to fuel tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
Toroidal pump limiter experiments in the TEXTOR tokamak (1991)

The Advanced Limiter Test-II (ALT-II) is a large area toroidal pump limiter in the TEXTOR tokamak. Discrete target plates located in channels at eight toroidal positions behind the main limiter surface neutralize a portion of the plasma efflux from the core. The resulting gas is exhausted by eight external pumps. The primary experimental goals of ALT-II are aimed at power loading studies and plasma density control during long pulse (4 s), high power (6 MW) tokamak discharges. It is found that both the power and the plasma flow to the limiter are asymmetric and depend on line density. Peak neutral pressures of 0.8 m torr and removal rates of up to 0.15 torr⋅L/s per pump station are achieved in the Ohmic phase. The projected exhaust efficiency of ALT-II with full pumping is 5-10%. During ion cyclotron resonance frequency heating, the particle removal rate exceeds 0.4 torr⋅L/s per blade, and the exhaust efficiency is 4-5% for power levels up to 2.6 MW.
A Sesquineolignan with a Spirodienone Structure from Pinus sylvestris L. (2007)

Geheimnisse der Kiefernrinde: Das Spirodienon-Sesquineolignan Pinobatol (1), eine seit langem vermutete Monomereinheit von Lignin, wurde nach Extraktion der Rinde von Pinus sylvestris L. mit 70 % wässrigem Aceton isoliert. Die Struktur von 1 wurde durch hochauflösende EI-Massenspektrometrie und eine Kombination von NMR-Spektroskopietechniken bestimmt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z605115_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<title>Visually lossless compression of color images</title> (1990)

A technique is presented for intraframe color image data compression which produces visually lossless imagery compared to the original. This algorithm consists of a color vector quantizer operating in the Luv uniform color space, followed by a reversible codeword assignment strategy that uses prediction to achieve conditional entropy type bit rates. Unlike differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), predicted values are used for codebook selection instead of the computation and coding of a residual signal.
Development of a Paper-Based Analytical Device for Colorimetric Detection of Select Foodborne Pathogens (2012)

Foodborne pathogens are a major public health threat and financial burden for the food industry, individuals, and society, with an estimated 76 million cases of food-related illness occurring in the United States alone each year. Three of the most important causative bacterial agents of foodborne diseases are pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes , due to the severity and frequency of illness and disproportionally high number of fatalities. Their continued persistence in food has dictated the ongoing need for faster, simpler, and less expensive analytical systems capable of live pathogen detection in complex samples. Culture techniques for detection and identification of foodborne pathogens require 5-7 days to complete. Major improvements to molecular detection techniques have been introduced recently, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These methods can be tedious; require complex, expensive instrumentation; necessitate highly trained personnel; and are not easily amenable to routine screening. Here, a paper-based analytical device (μPAD) has been developed for the detection of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and L. monocytogenes in food samples as a screening system. In this work, a paper-based microspot assay was created by use of wax printing on filter paper. Detection is achieved by measuring the color change when an enzyme associated with the pathogen of interest reacts with a chromogenic substrate. When combined with enrichment procedures, the method allows for an enrichment time of 12 h or less and is capable of detecting bacteria in concentrations in inoculated ready-to-eat (RTE) meat as low as 10(1) colony-forming units/cm(2).
Failure to detect polyalbumin-binding sites on the woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen: implications for the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus in humans (1986)

Binding sites for polymerized albumin on hepatitis B virus components were reported in human hepatitis B virus chronic carriers predominantly with active viral replication (HB e antigen positive). The presence of comparable albumin-binding sites in the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) model was examined on WHV components obtained from woodchucks with active viral replication (DNA polymerase positive). Binding sites for polymerized woodchuck serum albumin were not detected on the intact WHV virion, on 22-nm woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen (WHsAg), or on WHsAg polypeptides. Woodchuck albumin was not detected in purified 22-nm WHsAg, and anti-albumin antibodies were not detected in WHV chronic-carrier woodchucks. Our results in the WHV model argue against a role for viral polyalbumin-binding sites in tissue- and host-specific virus infectivity.
Distributed Online Optimization of Fog Computing for Selfish Devices With Out-of-Date Information (2018)

By performing fog computing, a device can offload delay-tolerant computationally demanding tasks to its peers for processing, and the results can be returned and aggregated. In distributed wireless networks, the challenges of fog computing include lack of central coordination, selfish behaviors of devices, and multi-hop signaling delays, which can result in outdated network knowledge and prevent effective cooperations beyond one hop. This paper presents a new approach to enable cooperations of N selfish devices over multiple hops, where selfish behaviors are discouraged by a tit-for-tat mechanism. The titfor-tat incentive of a device is designed to be the gap between the helps (in terms of energy) the device has received and offered; and indicates how much help the device can offer at the next time slot. The tit-for-tat incentives can be evaluated at every device by having all devices broadcast how much help they offered in the past time slot, and used by all devices to schedule task offloading and processing. The approach achieves asymptotic optimality in a fully distributed fashion with a timecomplexity of less than O(N2). The optimality loss resulting from multi-hop signaling delays and consequently outdated titfor-tat incentives is proved to asymptotically diminish. Simulation results show that our approach substantially reduces the timeaverage energy consumption of the state of the art by 50% and accommodates more tasks, by engaging devices hops away under multi-hop delays.
<title>Practical application of psychometrics to color printers</title> (1997)

Psychometric testing, in the form of paired sample comparisons, is used to determine tolerances on optical density and color registration settings on the IBM InfoColor 70 printer. In the process, several print quality metrics are evaluated and the data is analyzed in several ways to explore possibilities of conducting psychometric testing with small numbers of participants in conference room environments. Both are shown to be possible. Several conclusions are also drawn about metrics for optical density and color misregistration effects.
Surfactant Treatment for Inflammatory Lung Disease (2005)

I. Introduction 399II. In Vitro Studies 400A. Influence of Surfactant on Bacterial Growth 400B. Influence of Surfactant on Leucocyte Function 405III. Animal Studies 407IV. Clinical Studies 409V. Summary and Perspectives 414VI. Conclusion 416Acknowledgments 417References 417I. IntroductionDuring the last decade, surfactant administration has become standard for treat-ment of premature neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses clearly demonstrate improvedgas exchange following surfactant instillation as well as significantly reducedneonatal morbidity and mortality (1).
Corneal Topographic Analysis of Patients With Mooren Ulcer Using 3-Dimensional Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (2014)

Three-dimensional AS-OCT is able to evaluate the corneal topography of opacified peripheral lesions in eyes with Mooren ulcer, and the results showed that irregular astigmatism is higher when the lesion is closer to the center of the cornea.
Clinically-Applicable Perfluorocarbon-Loaded Nanoparticles For In vivo Photoacoustic, 19F Magnetic Resonance And Fluorescent Imaging (2018)

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging technique that is now coming to the clinic. It has a penetration depth of a few centimeters and generates useful endogenous contrast, particularly from melanin and oxy-/deoxyhemoglobin. Indocyanine green (ICG) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved contrast agents for human applications, which can be also used in PAI. It is a small molecule dye with limited applications due to its fast clearance, rapid protein binding, and bleaching effect. <b>Methods:</b> Here, we entrap ICG in a poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) nanoparticles together with a perfluorocarbon (PFC) using single emulsion method. These nanoparticles and nanoparticle-loaded dendritic cells were imaged with PA, <sup>19</sup>F MR, and fluorescence imaging <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. <b>Results:</b> We formulated particles with an average diameter of 200 nm. The encapsulation of ICG within nanoparticles decreased its photobleaching and increased the retention of the signal within cells, making it available for applications such as cell imaging. As little as 0.1x10<sup>6</sup> cells could be detected <i>in vivo</i> with PAI using automated spectral unmixing. Furthermore, we observed the accumulation of ICG signal in the lymph node after subcutaneous injection of nanoparticles. <b>Conclusion:</b> We show that we can label primary human dendritic cells with the nanoparticles and image them <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, in a multimodal manner. This work demonstrates the potential of combining PAI and <sup>19</sup>F MRI for cell imaging and lymph node detection using nanoparticles that are currently produced at GMP-grade for clinical use.
Phase drift on networks of coupled crystal oscillators for precision timing (2018)

Precise time dissemination and synchronization have been some of the most important technological tasks for several centuries. Since the early 1800s, it was realized that precise time-keeping devices having the same stable frequency and precisely synchronized can have important applications in navigation. In modern times, satellite-based global positioning and navigation systems such as the GPS use the same principle. However, even the most sophisticated satellite navigation equipment cannot operate in every environment. In response to this need, we present a computational and analytical study of a network-based model of a high-precision, inexpensive, coupled crystal oscillator system and timing (CCOST) device. A bifurcation analysis (carried out by the authors in a related publication) [Buono et al., SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. 17, 1310 (2018)1536-004010.1137/16M1066154] of the network dynamics shows a wide variety of collective patterns, mainly various forms of discrete rotating waves and synchronization patterns. Results from computer simulations seem to indicate that, among all patterns, the standard traveling wave pattern in which consecutive crystals oscillate out of phase by 2π/N, where N is the network size, leads to phase drift error that decreases as 1/N as opposed to 1/sqrt[N] for an uncoupled ensemble. The results should provide guidelines for future experiments, design, and fabrication tasks.