gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Degradation For The Glr Test-Statistics For Spatial Signal Detection (2013)

Antenna arrays are widely used in modern radio systems in sonar and communications. The solving of the detection problems of a useful signal on the background of noise is based on the GLRT method. There is a large number of problem which depends on the known a priori information. In this work, in contrast to the majority of already solved problems, it is used only difference spatial properties of the signal and noise for detection. We are analyzing the influence of the degree of non-coherence of signal and noise unhomogeneity on the performance characteristics of different GLRT statistics. The description of the signal and noise is carried out by means of the spatial covariance matrices C in the cases of different number of known information. The partially coherent signal is simulated as a plane wave with a random angle of incidence of the wave concerning a normal. Background noise is simulated as random process with uniform distribution function in each element. The results of investigation of degradation of performance characteristics for different cases are represented in this work.
Exploratory study on tissue ablation with cryoelectrolysis (2023)

This is an exploratory study on the effect of electrolysis, delivered during the thawing stage of a cryoablation protocol, on tissue ablation. This treatment protocol, that combines freezing and electrolysis, is named "cryoelectrolysis". In cryoelectrolysis the cryoablation probe is also used as the electrolysis delivering electrode. The study was performed on the liver of Landrace pigs and the tissues were examined 24 hours after treatment (two pigs) and 48 hours after treatment (one pig). The cryoelectrolysis device and different cryoelectrolysis ablation configurations tested are described. This exploratory, non-statistical study shows that the addition of electrolysis expands the ablated area in comparison to cryoablation alone and that there is a substantial difference between the histological appearance of tissue treated by cryoablation alone, tissue treated by cryoablation and electrolysis at the anode and tissue treated by cryoablation and electrolysis at the cathode.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGHLY EFFICIENT SENSITIZATION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE (1985)

Abstract Im Rahmen von Untersuchungen der Photoanregung bestimmter Halbleiter wegen ihrer Bedeutung für die Umwandlung von Solarenergie wurde die Anregung von kolloidalen Anatas‐Partikeln und polykristallinen Elektroden durch Tris‐[2,2′‐bipyridyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylat]‐ ruthenium(II)‐dichlorid spektroskopisch untersucht.
"Bound water" in barnacle muscle as indicated in nuclear magnetic resonance studies (1977)

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HEMOGLOBIN VESICLES AND RED BLOOD CELLS AS CARRIERS OF CARBON MONOXIDE PRIOR TO OXYGEN FOR RESUSCITATION AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN A RAT MODEL (2009)

Hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs) are artificial oxygen (O2) carriers that encapsulate concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) solution in phospholipid vesicles (liposomes). Recent reports on cytoprotective effects of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) urged us to test infusion of CO-bound HbV (CO-HbV) and red blood cells (CO-RBC) in hemorrhagic-shocked rats to improve tissue viability over that of O2-bound HbV (O2-HbV) and O2-bound RBC (O2-RBC). Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with 1.5% sevoflurane inhalation (FiO2 = 21%) while spontaneous breathing was maintained. Shock was induced by 50% blood withdrawal from femoral artery. Fifteen minutes later, they received CO-HbV, CO-RBC, O2-HbV, O2-RBC, or empty vesicles (EV) suspended in 5% recombinant albumin. All groups showed prompt recovery of blood pressure and blood gas parameters just after resuscitation and survived for 6 h of observation period. However, only the EV group showed significant hypotension at 3 and 6 h. Plasma enzyme levels were elevated at 6 h, especially in the O2-HbV, O2-RBC, and EV groups. They were significantly lower in the CO-HbV and CO-RBC groups than in the O2-bound fluids. Immunohistochemical staining of 3-nitrotyrosine exhibited less oxidative damage in the liver and lung for CO-HbV and CO-RBC groups. Blood carbonyl Hb levels (26%-39% immediately after infusion) decreased to less than 3% at 6 h while CO was exhaled through the lung. Both HbV and RBC gradually gained the O2 transport function. Collectively, both CO-HbV and CO-RBC showed a resuscitative effect for hemorrhagic-shocked rats. They reduced oxidative damage to organs in comparison to O2-HbV and O2-RBC. Adverse and poisonous effects of CO gas were not evident for 6 h in this experimental model. Further study is necessary to clarify the neurological impact of a longer observation period for eventual clinical applications.
Current Advances in Developing Inhibitors of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps (2016)

Antimicrobial resistance represents a significant challenge to future healthcare provision. An acronym ESKAPEE has been derived from the names of the organisms recognised as the major threats although there are a number of other organisms, notably Neisseria gonorrhoeae, that have become equally challenging to treat in the clinic. These pathogens are characterised by the ability to rapidly develop and/or acquire resistance mechanisms in response to exposure to different antimicrobial agents. A key part of the armoury of these pathogens is a series of efflux pumps, which effectively exclude or reduce the intracellular concentration of a large number of antibiotics, making the pathogens significantly more resistant. These efflux pumps are the topic of considerable interest, both from the perspective of basic understanding of efflux pump function, and its role in drug resistance but also as targets for the development of novel adjunct therapies. The necessity to overcome antimicrobial resistance has encouraged investigations into the characterisation of resistance-modifying efflux pump inhibitors to block the mechanisms of drug extrusion, thereby restoring antibacterial susceptibility and returning existing antibiotics into the clinic. A greater understanding of drug recognition and transport by multidrug efflux pumps is needed to develop clinically useful inhibitors, given the breadth of molecules that can be effluxed by these systems. This review discusses different bacterial EPIs originating from both natural source and chemical synthesis and examines the challenges to designing successful EPIs that can be useful against multidrug resistant bacteria.
Polyfluoro 1,3-diketones as systemic insecticides (1989)

A series of aryl polyfluoro 1,3-diketones were examined for systemic ectoparasiticidal activity in cattle. The compounds demonstrated efficacy against several economically important species of insects and acarina. At dosages of 5 mg/kg X1 or 0.35 mg/kg per day intraruminally, activity was observed against blowfly larvae (Phormia regina), adult stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), and lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum). In vivo activity was not directly related to in vitro activity, showing a stronger dependence on perfluoroalkyl-chain length and aryl-group substitution.
Efficient bandwidth utilization guaranteeing QoS over adaptive wireless links (2005)

Providing guaranteed quality of service (QoS) with efficient bandwidth utilization over wireless fading channels is challenging. In this paper, we derive the throughput, the packet loss rate and the average delay of an end-to-end wireless link, where the transmitter relies on adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer while accounting for finite-length buffer effects at the data link layer. Guided by our cross-layer performance analysis, we develop a simple procedure to determine the minimal required bandwidth, which guarantees the prescribed QoS over the wireless link.
Ensemble Prosody Prediction For Expressive Speech Synthesis (2023)

Generating expressive speech with rich and varied prosody continues to be a challenge for Text-to-Speech. Most efforts have focused on sophisticated neural architectures intended to better model the data distribution. Yet, in evaluations it is generally found that no single model is preferred for all input texts. This suggests an approach that has rarely been used before for Text-to-Speech: an ensemble of models.We apply ensemble learning to prosody prediction. We construct simple ensembles of prosody predictors by varying either model architecture or model parameter values.To automatically select amongst the models in the ensemble when performing Text-to-Speech, we propose a novel, and computationally trivial, variance-based criterion. We demonstrate that even a small ensemble of prosody predictors yields useful diversity, which, combined with the proposed selection criterion, outperforms any individual model from the ensemble.
Protease bypass of temperature-sensitive murine leukemia virus maturation mutants (1982)

Cells infected with certain temperature-sensitive mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus synthesize the virion precursor proteins but neither bud virions nor cleave precursor proteins to their mature form. Addition of proteases to cells infected with these mutants caused cleavage of the precursor proteins Pr65gag and Pr180gag-pol to their mature forms at the nonpermissive temperature. Concomitantly there was release from the cells of morphologically normal virions. The enzymatically inactive Pr180gag-pol was cleaved to active reverse transcriptase (p85), which was found in the released particles. External protease treatment apparently bypassed the lesion in these viral mutants, suggesting that their defect may involve a virus-specific protease.
The Novel α4B Murine α4 Integrin Protein Splicing Variant Inhibits α4 Protein-dependent Cell Adhesion (2014)

Integrins affect the motility of multiple cell types to control cell survival, growth, or differentiation, which are mediated by cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We reported previously that the α9 integrin splicing variant, SFα9, promotes WT α9 integrin-dependent adhesion. In this study, we introduced a new murine α4 integrin splicing variant, α4B, which has a novel short cytoplasmic tail. In inflamed tissues, the expression of α4B, as well as WT α4 integrin, was up-regulated. Cells expressing α4B specifically bound to VCAM-1 but not other α4 integrin ligands, such as fibronectin CS1 or osteopontin. The binding of cells expressing WT α4 integrin to α4 integrin ligands is inhibited by coexpression of α4B. Knockdown of α4B in metastatic melanoma cell lines results in a significant increase in lung metastasis. Expression levels of WT α4 integrin are unaltered by α4B, with α4B acting as a regulatory subunit for WT α4 integrin by a dominant-negative effect or inhibiting α4 integrin activation.
Organic-Fluorous Phase Switches:  A Fluorous Amine Scavenger for Purification in Solution Phase Parallel Synthesis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionOrganic-Fluorous Phase Switches: A Fluorous Amine Scavenger for Purification in Solution Phase Parallel SynthesisBruno Linclau, Ashvani K. Sing, and Dennis P. CurranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 11, 4216Publication Date (Web):May 4, 1999Publication History Published online4 May 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9949873Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (26 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Access to the Parent Tetrakis(pyridine)gold(III) Trication, Facile Formation of Rare Au(III) Terminal Hydroxides, and Preliminary Studies of Biological Properties (2016)

In this paper we report on the use of [NO][BF4] to access tricationic tetrakis(pyridine)gold(III) from Au powder, a species inaccessible using the more traditional (tetrahydrothiophene)AuCl route. It is then demonstrated that this family of compounds can be used to access new terminal Au(III) hydroxides, a challenging class of compounds, and the first crystallographically characterized examples employing bidentate ligands. Finally, preliminary biological studies indicate good activity for derivatives featuring polydentate ligands against the HeLa and PC3 cell lines but also strong inhibition of primary HUVEC cells.
Single Guide RNA Library Design and Construction (2016)

This protocol describes how to generate a single guide RNA (sgRNA) library for use in genetic screens. There are many online tools available for predicting sgRNA sequences with high target specificity and/or cleavage activity. Here, we refer the user to genome-wide sgRNA sequence predictions that we have developed for both the human and mouse and that are available from the Broad Institute website. Once a set of target genes and corresponding sgRNA sequences has been identified, customized oligonucleotide pools can be rapidly synthesized by a number of commercial vendors. Thereafter, as described here, the oligonucleotides can be efficiently cloned into an appropriate lentiviral expression vector backbone. The resulting plasmid pool can then be packaged into lentiviral particles and used to generate knockouts in any cell line of choice.
Photonic humidity integrated sensor based on hybrid polymer/cobalt chloride systems (2006)

In this paper hybrid materials composed of cobalt chloride incorporated in polymer matrices were evaluated as humidity sensors and incorporated in integrated photonic devices. The optical design is based on transmittance and diffraction measurements, and incorporates a monochromatic optical source and optoelectronic detection components. The advantageous characteristics of the presented integrated sensor are the fully reversible behaviour, at ambient operating conditions, without the need for additional heating or light exposure.
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Compositional Generation with Energy-Based Diffusion Models and MCMC (2023)

Since their introduction, diffusion models have quickly become the prevailing approach to generative modeling in many domains. They can be interpreted as learning the gradients of a time-varying sequence of log-probability density functions. This interpretation has motivated classifier-based and classifier-free guidance as methods for post-hoc control of diffusion models. In this work, we build upon these ideas using the score-based interpretation of diffusion models, and explore alternative ways to condition, modify, and reuse diffusion models for tasks involving compositional generation and guidance. In particular, we investigate why certain types of composition fail using current techniques and present a number of solutions. We conclude that the sampler (not the model) is responsible for this failure and propose new samplers, inspired by MCMC, which enable successful compositional generation. Further, we propose an energy-based parameterization of diffusion models which enables the use of new compositional operators and more sophisticated, Metropolis-corrected samplers. Intriguingly we find these samplers lead to notable improvements in compositional generation across a wide set of problems such as classifier-guided ImageNet modeling and compositional text-to-image generation.
Direct Observation of Interfacial Charge Transfer between Rutile TiO2 and Ultrathin CuOx Film by Visible‐Light Illumination and Its Application for Efficient Photocatalysis (2018)

Abstract A well‐defined interface between CuO x film and TiO 2 is constructed as a model for elucidating the interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) process that occurs during photocatalysis. Spectroscopic analysis revealed strong blue light absorption at 2.7 eV in this film system. Based on photoemission spectroscopy and the UV‐visible absorption analysis, the band offset of CuO x and TiO 2 was investigated, and the observed blue absorption at 2.7 eV could be explained by an IFCT process, in which electrons in the valence band of TiO 2 were excited into the conduction band of the ultrathin CuO x film. Furthermore, the IFCT transition was found to strongly depend on the crystal face of TiO 2 , as the IFCT absorption was significantly increased in the ultrathin CuO x film coated over the rutile TiO 2 (110) substrate. Probe reduction and oxidation reactions were also used to investigate the charge transport process and determine photocatalytic reaction sites, which were located around a few nanometers‐scale region from the edge of the ultrathin CuO x and TiO 2 . The present findings provide a powerful method for the development of efficient visible‐light sensitive photocatalysts based on the IFCT concept.
Microplastics generated from a biodegradable plastic in freshwater and seawater (2021)

Biodegradable polymers have been regarded as a promising solution to tackle the pollutions caused by the wide use of conventional polymers. However, during the biodegradation process, the material fragmentation leads to microplastics. In this work, the formation of microplastics from biodegradable poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) in different aquatic environments was investigated and compared with the common non-biodegradable low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The results showed that a much larger quantity of plastic fragments/particles were formed in all aquatic environments from PBAT than from LDPE. In addition, UV-A pretreatment, simulating the exposure to sunlight, increased the rate of PBAT microplastic formation significantly. The size distribution and shapes of the formed microplastics were systematically studied, along with changes in the polymer physicochemical properties such as molecular weight, thermal stability, crystallinity, and mechanical properties, to reveal the formation process of microplastics. This study shows that the microplastic risk from biodegradable polymers is high and needs to be further evaluated with regards to longer timeframes, the biological fate of intermediate products, and final products in freshwater, estuarine and seawater natural habitats. Especially, considering that these microplastics may have good biodegradability in warmer 20 - 25° water but will most likely be highly persistent in the world's cold deep seas.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends from Combination Targeted Therapy to Disrupt Aberrant Oncogenic Signaling and Reverse Epigenetic Dysfunction in <i>IDH2</i>- and <i>TET2</i>-Mutant Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Orally Active Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2008)

Inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway has become a valuable approach in the treatment of cancers.\nGuided by X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling, a series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles and\n2-aminobenzoxazoles were identified as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (KDR) in both enzymatic and HUVEC\ncellular proliferation assays. In this report we describe the synthesis and structure−activity relationship of\na series of 2-aminobenzimidazoles and benzoxazoles, culminating in the identification of benzoxazole &lt;b&gt;22&lt;/b&gt;\nas a potent and selective VEGFR-2 inhibitor displaying a good pharmacokinetic profile. Compound &lt;b&gt;22&lt;/b&gt;\ndemonstrated efficacy in both the murine matrigel model for vascular permeability (79% inhibition observed\nat 100 mg/kg) and the rat corneal angiogenesis model (ED&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 16.3 mg/kg).
(Invited) Organic Semiconductor, Receptor Material and Circuit Design for Organic Electronic Vapor Sensors and Biosensors (2021)

We will present our recent results on the design of semiconducting material, gate structures, and stabilizing and amplifying circuits for detection of volatile analytes in the atmosphere and proteins in aqueous solution. Besides our natural interest in designing materials that respond more strongly to analytes of interest than to likely interferents, we also emphasize the use of chemical and electronic amplification methods to increase the ratio of the desired responses to the drift (signal/noise ratio). Printable materials, especially polymers, are emphasized for the responsive layers. The use of multiple sensing elements, typically field-effect transistors (FETs), to create patterns of responses increases the selectivity of the information, either by narrowing the classes of compounds providing the responses, distinguishing time-dependent from dose-dependent responses, and/or increasing the ratio of analyte responses to environmental drifts. As a specific example, using pairs of FETs, in series or in parallel, allows device drifts to be substantially canceled while analyte responses are maintained and even reinforced. This strategy has led to significant improvements in the use of polymer-based FETs to detect pollutant gases such as nitrogen dioxide and ammonia. To increase the stability of systems used to detect analytes in solution, we sometimes separate the sensing surface from the output device in an arrangement known as a remote gate. We show that the output device may be an organic-based or a silicon-based transistor, and can respond to electrochemical potential changes at the sensing surface arising from a variety of chemical interactions. This type of configuration was applied to the understanding of vapor sensors and the effect of receptor polarity on the detection of brain injury biomarker proteins. New details about the mechanisms for sensor responses to analytes can be obtained from remote gate configurations, including connection of interfacial voltages and charge densities in responsive polymer semiconductors.
THz Time-Domain Spectrometer Based on LT-InGaAs Photoconductive Antennas Exited by a 1.55 μm Fibre Laser (2007)

We present a THz time-domain spectrometer based on a 1.55 mum fibre laser and LT- InGaAs/InAlAs MQW photoconductive antennas. We discuss the system stability and present first spectroscopic data taken with the system.