gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seasonality Of Tuberculosis In The United States, 1993-2008 (2011)

Background. Although seasonal variation in tuberculosis incidence has been described in several recent studies, the mechanism underlying this seasonality remains unknown. Seasonality of tuberculosis disease may indicate the presence of season-specific risk factors that could potentially be controlled if they were better understood. We conducted this study to determine whether tuberculosis is seasonal in the United States and to describe patterns of seasonality in specific populations. Methods. We performed a time series decomposition analysis of tuberculosis cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1993 through 2008. Seasonal amplitude of tuberculosis disease (the difference between the months with the highest and lowest mean case counts), was calculated for the population as a whole and for populations with select demographic, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics. Results. A total of 243 432 laboratory-confirmed tuberculosis cases were reported over a period of 16 years. A mean of 21.4% more cases were diagnosed in March, the peak month, compared with November, the trough month. The magnitude of seasonality did not vary with latitude. The greatest seasonal amplitude was found among children aged ,5 years and in cases associated with disease clusters. Conclusions. Tuberculosis is a seasonal disease in the United States, with a peak in spring and trough in late fall. The latitude independence of seasonality suggests that reduced winter sunlight exposure may not be a strong contributor to tuberculosis risk. Increased seasonality among young children and clustered cases suggests that disease that is the result of recent transmission is more influenced by season than disease resulting from activation of latent infection.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Versatile Support for Catalytic Metals and Their Application in Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2010)

Abstract Iron/iron oxide core shell nanoparticles are a versatile support for immobilizing catalytic metals.
On Bunsen Burner Polyhedral Flames (1994)

ABSTRACT The paper presents numerical simulations of three-dimensional Bunsen burner polyhedral premixed flames within the framework of a weakly nonlinear semi-phenomenological model for flame interface dynamics. In addition, for slot-burners, experimental observations were made and measurements were obtained of the limit velocity for transition from polyhedral to smooth flame. In a qualitative agreement with the experimental observations, the numerical results show that the occurrence of the polyhedrals is largly controlled by the conditions at the burner rim.
EarI, a restriction endonuclease fromEnterobacter aerogeneswhich recognizes 5‘CTCTTC3’ (1988)

Earl, a type 11 restriction endonuclease, has been isolated from Enterobacteraerogenes (NEB # 450). Earl, an isoschizomer of Ksp 632 1 (1), recognizes the six base non-palindromic sequence 5'CTCTTC3', and cleaves one nucleotide 3' of the 3' cytosine on one strand, and four nucleotides 5' of the 5' guanine on the opposite strand, to generate a three base 5' overhang.
Multielement airfoil ice accretion (1995)

Thomas Washington * and Mark Drela t MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Cambridge, MA 02139 A numerical tool for the study of airfoil ice accretion has been developed, combining current ice accretion technology with a multielement airfoil design/analysis routine. Particle trajectory integration is used to find the impinging water mass along the body. The method is based upon spatial stepping rather than the more common temporal stepping. A control volume formulation of the thermodynamics of ice growth is also outlined. Numerical ice accretion results are presented for three airfoils: a single-element case, and two multielement cases. The results indicate that multielement high-lift airfoils are inherently more sensitive to icing than single-element airfoils. This is primarily due t o the amplification of ice-caused boundary layer thickening in the presence of adverse pressure gradients.
Synthetic polymeric substrates as potent pro‐oxidant versus anti‐oxidant regulators of cytoskeletal remodeling and cell apoptosis (2008)

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell signal transduction pathways emanating from engineered cell substrates remains unclear. To elucidate the role, polymers derived from the amino acid L-tyrosine were used as synthetic matrix substrates. Variations in their chemical properties were created by co-polymerizing hydrophobic L-tyrosine derivatives with uncharged hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mw = 1,000 Da), and negatively charged desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine (DT). These substrates were characterized for their intrinsic ability to generate ROS, as well as their ability to elicit Saos-2 cell responses in terms of intracellular ROS production, actin remodeling, and apoptosis. PEG-containing substrates induced both exogenous and intracellular ROS production, whereas the charged substrates reduced production of both types, indicating a coupling of exogenous ROS generation and intracellular ROS production. Furthermore, PEG-mediated ROS induction caused nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and an increase in caspase-3 activity, confirming a link with apoptosis. PEG-rich pro-oxidant substrates caused cytoskeletal actin remodeling through beta-actin cleavage by caspase-3 into fractins. The fractins co-localized to the mitochondria and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. The remnant cytosolic beta-actin was polymerized and condensed, events consistent with apoptotic cell shrinkage. The cytoskeletal remodeling was integral to the further augmentation of intracellular ROS production. Conversely, the anti-oxidant DT-containing charged substrates suppressed the entire cascade of apoptotic progression. We demonstrate that ROS activity serves an important role in "outside-in" signaling for cells grown on substrates: the ROS activity couples exogenous stress, driven by substrate composition, to changes in intracellular signaling. This signaling causes cell apoptosis, which is mediated by actin remodeling.
Experimental demonstration of performance of a vertical axis marine current turbine in a river (2016)

An experimental station for marine current power has been installed in a river. The station comprises a vertical axis turbine with a direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator. In measurements of steady-state operation in varying flow conditions, performance comparable to that of turbines designed for significantly higher flow speeds is achieved, demonstrating the viability of electricity generation in low speed (below 1.5 m/s) marine currents.
Small-Molecule Inhibitor of FosA Expands Fosfomycin Activity to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens (2019)

The spread of multidrug or extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a serious public health issue. There are too few new antibiotics in development to combat the threat of multidrug-resistant infections, and consequently the rate of increasing antibiotic resistance is outpacing the drug development process. This fundamentally threatens our ability to treat common infectious diseases. Fosfomycin (FOM) has an established track record of safety in humans and is highly active against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, including multidrug-resistant strains. However, many other Gram-negative pathogens, including the "priority pathogens" <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, are inherently resistant to FOM due to the chromosomal <i>fosA</i> gene, which directs expression of a metal-dependent glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase (FosA) that metabolizes FOM. In this study, we describe the discovery and biochemical and structural characterization of ANY1 (3-bromo-6-[3-(3-bromo-2-oxo-1H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-6-yl)-4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]-1H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-one), a small-molecule active-site inhibitor of FosA. Importantly, ANY1 potentiates FOM activity in representative Gram-negative pathogens. Collectively, our study outlines a new strategy to expand FOM activity to a broader spectrum of Gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant strains.
Evaluation of newly‐developed modified diluted prothrombin time reagent in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation patients with direct oral anticoagulants: A comparative study with conventional reagents (2022)

Compared with other PT and dPT reagents, mdPT reagent showed sharper slope to all direct FXa inhibitors, and higher correlation to apixaban and comparable correlation to edoxaban and rivaroxaban. This new reagent is expected to be a coagulation screening assay having a consistently high response to any types of direct FXa inhibitors.
The Benzodiazepine—GABA Receptor Complex in Experimental Stress, Anxiety and Depression (1988)

Benzodiazepine receptors mediate many of the pharmacological actions of the benzodiazepines and related minor tranquillisers, including their anxiolytic, hypnotic and muscle-relaxant properties (see Tallman et al., 1980; Skolnick and Paul 1982 for review). The benzodiazepine receptor or recognition site is part of an oligomeric glycoprotein receptor complex for the major inhibitory neuro-transmitter in brain, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Benzodiazepines and barbiturates augment GABAergic neurotransmission by binding to different allosteric binding sites on this receptor complex, resulting in a potentiation of GABA-receptor-mediated Cl− ion conductance (Olsen et al., 1984). More recently, a class of compounds referred to as inverse agonists have been discovered and shown to bind to the benzodiazepine receptor to produce 'anxiogenic' and pre-convulsant actions (Ninan et al., 1982; Dorow et al., 1983; Insel et al., 1984). The latter finding suggests that the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor complex may participate in the neurochemical events which mediate the physiological (and perhaps psychological) expression of anxiety or fear. One obvious question, therefore, is whether the benzodiazepine-GABA receptor is itself modified by environment stimuli, and whether such modifications are important to the organism's adaptive response to 'stress'. Most studies which have examined for the effects of environmental or experimentally induced 'stress' on the benzodiazepine receptor complex have reported either no, or very modest, changes in the ligand binding characteristics of these receptors (e.g. see Braestrup et ah, 1979; Grimm and Hershkowitz, 1981).
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Drug‐Induced Tumor Apoptosis with a Caspase‐Triggered Nanoaggregation Probe (2013)

Wirkstoff-Design: Ein 18F-markiertes Nanoaggregat-bildendes Capase-3-empfindliches Radiopharmakum für die Positronenemissionstomographie wurde hergestellt und die Abbildung der Caspase-3-Aktivität in Doxorubizin-behandelten Tumorxenotransplantaten bewertet. Eine verstärkte Retention der 18F-Aktivität in apoptotischen Tumoren wird durch intramolekulare Makrocyclisierung und In-situ-Aggregation nach der Caspase-3-Aktivierung erhalten (siehe Bild).
Permanent Magnet Hybrid Core Inductors for High Saturation Capability (2022)

Inductor designs with large dc current relative to ac ripple are often saturation-limited, but these designs also often greatly underutilize the core material's flux carrying capabilities. Instead of using the full flux swing range from reverse saturation to forward saturation, these designs typically only use half the range. To use the full range, we propose a permanent magnet (PM) hybrid core in which a PM provides a dc flux offset in the core while being placed outside of the main winding flux path. In this work, we derive first-order theory for analyzing and designing the PM hybrid core. We then demonstrate a working proof-of-concept prototype using off-the-shelf parts. This prototype outperforms a comparable ferrite inductor design by achieving the same energy storage at half the dc resistance, thus demonstrating the potential benefits of the PM hybrid core.
Immunological Damage to the Inner Ear: Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies (2002)

There is considerable evidence to suggest that hearing and vestibular function can be influenced by immunity in the inner ear. While immunity can protect against infections of the labyrinth, immune response also has the capacity to damage the delicate tissues of the inner ear. Antigenic challenge of the inner ear of sensitized animals leads to rapid accumulation of leukocytes, antibody production, hearing loss and tissue damage. Moreover, a number of systemic autoimmune disorders include hearing loss and vertigo as part of their constellation of symptoms. It also appears that autoimmune damage can exist as an entity confined to the labyrinth. Immune disorders of the inner ear are of special interest since they are among the few forms of hearing loss that are currently amenable to medical treatment. In addition, recent developments in understanding the intracellular pathways that participate in damage to the inner ear provide new opportunities for pharmacotherapy of immune-mediated disorders of hearing and balance.
Docs.com: Social File Sharing in Facebook (2021)

Social networking sites provide a unique opportunity for users to engage in broadcast online file sharing and collaboration. In this study we examine the usage of Docs.com, which integrates Microsoft Office web documents with Facebook. In reviewing the content of Docs.com documents, we found they were equally created and shared for work, personal productivity, and play. Users actively employed relationship levels in their Facebook networks to define access to their documents. However, we also found the most viewed documents were those shared to the entire public, with Facebook notifications driving most of the traffic to these public documents. Finally, through a factor analysis of user activity four primary types of usage emerged – sharing, creating, collaborating, and consuming. Those who created and collaborated around documents had higher levels of engagement than those who just shared or consumed documents, interacting with more documents and returning on more unique days.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Adiponectin Receptor Signaling on Dendritic Cells Blunts Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Overexpression of APN receptors on patient's DCs inhibits anti-tumor immunity.&lt;/p&gt;
A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation (2009)

Abstract-Multiresolution representations are very effective for analyzing the information content of images. We study the properties of the operator which approximates a signal at a given resolution. We show that the difference of information between the approximation of a signal at the resolutions 2 ’ + ’ and 2jcan be extracted by decomposing this signal on a wavelet orthonormal basis of L*(R”). In LL(R), a wavelet orthonormal basis is a family of functions ( @ w (2’ ~-n)),,,“jEZt, which is built by dilating and translating a unique function t+r (xl. This decomposition defines an orthogonal multiresolution representation called a wavelet representation. It is computed with a pyramidal algorithm based on convolutions with quadrature mirror lilters. For images, the wavelet representation differentiates several spatial orientations. We study the application of this representation to data compression in image coding, texture discrimination and fractal analysis. Index Terms-Coding, fractals, multiresolution pyramids, quadrature mirror filters, texture discrimination, wavelet transform. I I.
Role of the weak interactions in enantiorecognition of racemic dihydropyrimidinones by novel brush‐type chiral stationary phases (2007)

The chiral discrimination ability of two recently prepared chiral stationary phases (CSP 1 and CSP 2), based on a leucine derived chiral selector, was tested for the enantiomers of dihydropyrimidone (DHPM) derivatives and compared with the commercially available Hyun-leucine CSP 3 and classical Pirkle-leucine CSP 4. By combining all of these CSPs, the enantiomers of all DHPM derivatives used in this study can be properly resolved. Particularly good enantioresolutions were achieved for thioureide derivatives, such as Monastrol. The results presented show that sulfur-aromatic interactions are meritorious for these very good separations.
Stimuli‐Responsive Multilayered Hybrid Nanoparticle/Polyelectrolyte Capsules (2006)

Abstract Gold nanoparticles (Au NP ) with carboxyl groups on their surface were used in combination with PAH for the layer‐by‐layer coating of CaCO 3 microparticles, followed by the dissolution of the CaCO 3 core. SEM, TEM, and confocal microscopy are used to characterize the hybrid nanoparticles/polyelectrolyte capsules. As the Au NP have carboxyl groups on their surface, their charge density is pH dependent; therefore, the capsules exhibit a pH‐dependent swelling and can be deconstructed both at low and high pH. By covalent cross‐linking of the carboxyl groups of the Au NP and the amino groups of the PAH, it is possible to suppress the pH‐responsive behavior. Au NP are used as activation centers using IR light and this ability is used to release encapsulated material from the nanoparticles/polyelectrolyte capsules as well as for the enhancement of detection and imaging of such capsules by Raman microspectrosopy. magnified image
Comprehensive Analysis of Proteins Secreted byTrichophyton rubrumandTrichophyton violaceumunderin VitroConditions (2007)

Dermatophytes cause most superficial mycoses in humans and animals. Their pathogenicity is probably linked with the secretion of proteins degrading keratinised structures. Using 2D-PAGE and a shotgun mass spectrometry approach, we identified 80 proteins from Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceum secretomes, under conditions mimicking those in the host. Identified proteins included endo- and exoproteases, other hydrolases, and oxidoreductases. Our findings can contribute to a better understanding of the virulence mechanisms of the two species and the different types of infection they cause.
A Complementary Silicon Quantum Dot-EnzymePlatform for Selective Detection of NitroaromaticsCompounds (2021)

To address the issue of poor selectivity in nanotechnology-driven, portable nitroaromatics sensors, we have coupled a ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on silicon quantum dots and fluorescent proteins with a colorimetric, enzyme-based sensor. Together, the sensors allow differentiation of nitroaromatic compounds – specifically, distinguishing acetylcholinergic nerve agents from the explosive compounds explored herein. The combined system can detect 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4- dinitrotoluene and 4-nitrophenol with micromolar detection limits and affords subsequent differentiation from the nitro-containing nerve agent paraoxon. This demonstrates the advantage of merging elements of materials chemistry and biochemistry to devise customized sensors which can accurately identify hazardous chemical species.
Three-dimensional greyscale transrectal ultrasound-guidance and biopsy core preembedding for detection of prostate cancer: Dutch clinical cohort study (2019)

Our results suggest that 3D GS TRUS-guidance with biopsy core preembedding improves PCa and clinically significant PCa detection compared to 2D GS TRUS-guidance. Additional studies are needed to justify the application of these systems in clinical practice.
Phosphor Selection Considerations for Near-UV LED Solid State Lighting (2012)

Producing white light using near-UV LEDs requires the development of new phosphors, as well as the modification of certain existing ones. In this review, we discuss the luminescent properties of potential phosphors: oxides, silicates, phosphates and nitrides. We evaluate phosphors that employ 4f-5d transitions, line emission, the use of sensitizers and transition metal elements. We include information on the optical transitions and how these can limit the selection of a composition.
Spatial Mutual Information as Similarity Measure for 3-D Brain Image Registration (2014)

Information theoretic-based similarity measures, in particular mutual information, are widely used for intermodal/intersubject 3-D brain image registration. However, conventional mutual information does not consider spatial dependency between adjacent voxels in images, thus reducing its efficacy as a similarity measure in image registration. This paper first presents a review of the existing attempts to incorporate spatial dependency into the computation of mutual information (MI). Then, a recently introduced spatially dependent similarity measure, named spatial MI, is extended to 3-D brain image registration. This extension also eliminates its artifact for translational misregistration. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed 3-D spatial MI as a similarity measure is compared with three existing MI measures by applying controlled levels of noise degradation to 3-D simulated brain images.
Eclipse and PCTE+ (IPSE) (1988)

Eclipse is an IPSE developed on PCTE by Software Sciences Ltd. and collaborators. Eclipse is a range of toolsets some of which are products and some of which are still in the prototype stage. Many Eclipse toolsets address the early stages of software development and implement existing methods of analysis and design. Additionally, Eclipse has an integrated Ada development system. The author considers how easy it would be to change Eclipse from PCTE to PCTE+ and concludes that it would be a fairly straightforward process.
In vivo out-of-plane Doppler imaging based on ultrafast plane wave imaging (2013)

Retrieving the blood flow velocity vector on 2D acquisitions transverse to the vessel could improve the quantification of flow rate in large vessels. The in plane component is easily computed using the Doppler frequency shift. The main problem is to retrieve the angle between the probe imaging plane and the vessel axis to compute the out of plane component. Here, we study the case where the speed vector can be decomposed on two directions: the out of plane direction and the depth direction. We explore the combination of a technique called spectral broadening with ultrafast plane wave imaging. Due to its high spatio temporal sampling, ultrafast plane wave imaging permits to quantify the Doppler spectrum of flows in each pixel. Moreover, ultrafast plane wave imaging permits a fast calibration method of Doppler spectra spectral broadening avoiding approximations of a complex theoretical analysis. An experimental demonstration of the method is performed in vivo on healthy human carotid artery.
A Novel Skeletal Muscle Cytoprotective Action of Adenosine A3 Receptors (2007)

Adenosine (Ado) can protect skeletal muscle from ischemic injury, in addition to its cardio‐ and vasculo‐protective effect. However, identity of the Ado receptor and the mechanism mediating skeletal muscle protection is unknown. Using a quantitative mouse hindlimb ischemia‐reperfusion injury model, the objective here was to assess the protective role of Ado receptor subtypes. Ado A3 receptor‐selective agonist Cl‐IBMECA reduced skeletal muscle injury, an effect that was blocked by the A3 receptor antagonist MRS1191 (% injury, vehicle: 28±5.9% vs. Cl‐IBMECA: 5.4±3.8%, Cl‐IBMECA &amp; MRS1191: 21.5±3.5%, mean±SE, 7–22 mice, ANOVA &amp; comparisons, Cl‐IBMECA vs. all others, P&lt;0.05). The A1 receptor agonist CCPA was also protective and and was selectively antagonized by the A1 receptor blocker DPCPX (CCPA: 10.8±1.8%, DPCPX &amp;CCPA: 22±3.3%, 7–12 mice, P&lt;0.05). The protection induced by Cl‐IBMECA and another A3 receptor agonist MRS3558 was completely abrogated in phospholipase C β2/3‐null mice while that caused by CCPA remained unaffected in these animals (8–10 mice). The study demonstrated a novel potent protective effect of A3 receptors in skeletal muscle and implicates phospholipase C β in mediating this protection. The data add to the cyto‐protective actions of adenosine and suggest that the A3 receptor is a novel therapeutic target in ameliorating skeletal muscle injury.