gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Following High-Load Resistance Exercise Upregulates Gene Expression in Pathways Involved in Skeletal Muscle Signal Transduction (2022)

Previous evidence suggests that resistance training in combination with specific collagen peptides (CP) improves adaptive responses of the muscular apparatus. Although beneficial effects have been repeatedly demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, the primary objective of the present randomized trial was to elucidate differences in gene expression pathways related to skeletal muscle signal transduction following acute high-load resistance exercise with and without CP intake. Recreationally active male participants were equally randomized to high-load leg extension exercise in combination with 15 g CP or placebo (PLA) supplementation. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained at baseline as well as 1, 4 and 24 h post exercise to investigate gene expression using next generation sequencing analysis. Several important anabolic pathways including PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways were significantly upregulated at 1 and 4 h post-exercise. Significant between-group differences for both pathways were identified at the 4 h time point demonstrating a more pronounced effect after CP intake. Gene expression related to the mTOR pathway demonstrated a higher visual increase in the CP group compared to PLA by trend, but failed to achieve statistically significant group differences. The current findings revealed a significantly higher upregulation of key anabolic pathways (PI3K-Akt, MAPK) in human skeletal muscle 4 h following an acute resistance training combined with intake of 15 g of specific collagen peptides compared to placebo. Further investigations should examine potential relationships between upregulated gene expression and changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis as well as potential long-term effects on anabolic pathways on the protein level.
Héparine de bas poids moléculaire : le traitement de la thrombose veineuse profonde (2001)

Une anticoagulation immediate est consideree comme le traitement de choix des thromboses veineuses profondes ainsi que de l'embolie pulmonaire. Le plus souvent, on utilise a cet effet de l'heparine non fractionnee par voie intraveineuse pendant 5 a 7 jours, a une dose telle que l'on obtient un temps de thromboplastine activee partiel a 1,5 a 2,5 fois le temoin. Etant donnee leur plus grande biodisponibilite, les heparines de bas poids moleculaire peuvent etre administrees par voie cutanee sans qu'il soit necessaire d'effectuer une surveillance biologique. Breddin et al. ont effectue une etude comparant une heparinotherapie classique et une heparine de bas poids moleculaire donnee selon deux schemas therapeutiques (deux fois par jour pendant une semaine, ou une fois par jour pendant quatre semaines) chez des patients ayant une thrombose veineuse profonde recente. Quel que soit le schema adopte, la reviparine semble plus efficace que l'heparine (figure, tableau), aussi bien en ce qui concerne la diminution de taille du thrombus observee en phlebographie (40 % vs 53 % des patients), que la prevention de nouveaux accidents thromboemboliques (6,4 % pour l'heparine vs 1,8 % pour la reviparine 2 fois par jour et 3,5 % pour la reviparine une fois par jour). Les observations cliniques etaient similaires dans les deux groupes recevant de la reviparine. Elles etaient bien correlees aux resultats phlebographiques puisque les patients ayant la moins bonne reponse radiologique avaient le risque le plus fort de recidive thromboembolique. Il n'y a pas eu plus d'accidents hemorragiques majeurs sous reviparine que sous heparine. Ce travail demontre qu'une heparine de bas poids moleculaire donnee une ou deux fois par jour est plus efficace qu'un traitement standard par heparine intraveineuse dans le traitement de la thrombose veineuse profonde.Breddin H.K., et al. 2001. Effects of a low-molecular weight heparin on thrombus regression and recurrent thromboembolism in patients with deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 344 : 626-631.Figure. Courbe de survie (Kaplan Meier) vis-a-vis de la recidive des accidents thrombo-emboliques sur 90 jours dans les differents groupes therapeutiques.N° a risqueHeparine 375 / 360 / 355 / 351 / 349 / 348 / 347 / 347 / 346Reviparine 374 / 366 / 361 / 358 / 356 / 354 / 354 / 352 / 350 Reviparine 388 / 387 / 383 / 382 / 380 / 379 / 377 / 375 / 374
Specificity and Mechanism of Immunoglobulin M (IgM)-and IgG-Dependent Protective Immunity to LarvalStrongyloides stercoralisinMice (2003)

Protective immunity in mice to the infective third-stage larvae (L3) of Strongyloides stercoralis was shown to be dependent on immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement activation, and granulocytes. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether IgG was also a protective antibody isotype and to define the specificity and the mechanism by which IgG functions. Purified IgG recovered from mice 3 weeks after a booster immunization with live L3 was shown to transfer high levels of protective immunity to naïve mice. IgG transferred into mice treated to block complement activation or to eliminate granulocytes failed to kill the challenge larvae. Transfer of immune IgG into IL-5 knockout (KO) mice, which are deficient in eosinophils, resulted in larval attrition, while transfer into FcRgamma KO mice did not result in larval killing. These findings suggest that IgG from mice immunized with live L3 requires complement activation and neutrophils for killing of L3 through an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mechanism. This is in contrast to the results of investigations using IgM from mice immunized with live L3 and IgG from mice immunized with larval antigens soluble in deoxycholate in which protective immunity was shown to be ADCC independent. Western blot analyses with immune IgM and IgG identified few antigens recognized by all protective antibody isotypes. Results from immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the protective antibodies bound to different regions in the L3. It was therefore concluded that while IgM and IgG antibodies are both protective against larval S. stercoralis, they recognize different antigens and utilize different killing mechanisms.
Optical switch based on a fluid-filled photonic crystal fiber Bragg grating (2009)

We report the implementation of an in-fiber optical switch by means of filling a fluid into the air holes of a photonic crystal fiber with a fiber Bragg grating. Such a switch can turn on/off light transmission with an extinction ratio of up to 33 dB within a narrow wavelength range (Bragg wavelength) via a small temperature adjustment of +/-5 degrees C. The switching function is based on the temperature-dependent coupling between the fundamental core mode and the rod modes in the fluid-filled holes resulting from the thermo-optic effect of the filled fluid.
Fast 23 Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Reperfused Myocardial Infarction (1997)

Following acute infarction with reperfusion, a regional increase in 23Na MR image intensity is associated with nonviable myocardium. Fast gradient-echo imaging techniques reduce 23Na imaging times to a few minutes, suggesting that 23Na MR imaging has the potential to become a useful experimental and clinical tool.
Advances in High-Voltage Modulators for Applications in Pulsed Power and Plasma-Based Ion Implantation (2011)

Modern pulsed power technology has its roots in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and it was driven overwhelmingly by applications in national defense carried out by several countries, especially the U.S., U.K., Russia, and China. The following decades, particularly the early 1990s, witnessed an increased interest in compact systems with pulse repetition rate that could be used in nondefense applications such as treatment of material surfaces by plasma and beam interactions, treatment of pollutants, food sterilization, medical applications, etc. This spawned a new generation of pulsed power components (solid-state switches) that led to completely solid-state modulators. This paper describes how the pulsed power technology used originally in beam sources and cathodic arcs has converged to produce power sources for plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) and related technologies. The present state of the art is reviewed, and prospects for future advances are described, especially for PBII.
TOTAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND ITS CIRCADIAN ALLOCATION ARE INDEPENDENT PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY (2017)

We examine whether the distribution of physical activity during the day acts as an independent predictor of mortality in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006. Time of day analyses were conducted using 12 time windows of 2 hours represented by the percentage of the total log-transformed activity count (pTLAC) spent in each. In models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, comorbidities, and the total log-transformed activity count, a higher percentage of total physical activity between 10am-12pm (HR: 0.96, p-value = 0.003) and a lower percentage of total physical activity between 8pm-4am (HR: 1.03, p-value < 0.01) were significantly associated with lower risk of mortality. These findings help define patterns of physical activity that are beneficial to health, and hold significant implications for future interventions aimed at increasing physical activity and enhancing sleep quality.
Monozygotic twins discordant for intermittent allergic rhinitis differ in mRNA and protein levels (2012)

Monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for complex diseases may help to find disease mechanisms that are not due to genetic variants. Intermittent allergic rhinitis (IAR) is an optimal disease model because it occurs at defined time points each year, owing to known external antigens. We hypothesized that MZ twins discordant for IAR could help to find gene expression differences that are not dependent on genetic variants. We collected blood outside of the season from MZ twins discordant for IAR, challenged their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with pollen allergen in vitro, collected supernatants and isolated CD4+ T cells. We identified disease-relevant mRNAs and proteins that differed between the discordant MZ twins. By contrast, no differences in microRNA expression were found. Our results indicate that MZ twins discordant for IAR is an optimal model to identify disease mechanisms that are not due to genetic variants.
Sneaking Scientific Validity into Imaging Tools for the Masses (2002)

Consider how imaging is used commonly by various professionals. Photographers are just as likely to use a digital camera as one loaded with film. Although they expect the images to look different, they may not know why they do. If they want them to match, they probably don't know how, or they won't know why they might never exactly match. A graphic designer works with direct-capture digital-image data, scanned photography, and synthetically rendered imagery. (The same is true for a movie editor.) In the long run, it is not cost effective to visually edit each image iteratively until they appear to originate from a single imaging device. A computer scientist may be expected to understand all computer peripherals, including digital-imaging devices such as scanners, displays, and printers. They may need to deal with setting up the color preferences in Photoshop, creating ICC color profiles, and using various hardware and software to achieve acceptable color quality. A librarian is expected to handle digital image archives as seamlessly as a collection of books. An art historian viewing a downloaded image from a museum website (or any image database) assumes that their perceptions are similar to viewing the actual work of art. An archivist is expected to digitize photographic reproductions such that the digital archive is an accurate color reproduction of the original work of art. Professionals dealing with digital imaging are suddenly expected to have the expertise of knowledgeable color imaging scientists and engineers. (Many of these professionals may not even realize that there is such a thing as an imaging or color scientist.) These practices, assumptions, and expectations are real. Are they realistic? Are they achievable? To a large extent, they are realistic and achievable by treating imaging as an analytical tool, a scientific tool. How can typical imaging practices become scientific imaging practices? This is the subject of this keynote address. The following will be discussed: Education in imaging and color science, Review of the human visual system, Input device spectral sensitivity, bits and encoding, color management, image quality metrics, characterization and calibration targets, multi-channel visible spectrum imaging, metadata, and standards.
A performance evaluation framework for IEEE 802.11 ad-hoc networks (2004)

Interferences in an ad-hoc network can be defined as a set of constraints that specify which groups of nodes cannot transmit simultaneously, and they have significant implications for the network capacity and other performance measures. This paper expounds the difference between two types of interferences: 1) physical interferences due to the receiver's inability to decode a signal when the powers received from other signals are large; and 2) protocol interferences imposed by the specific multi-access protocol being used to coordinate transmissions of nodes. We model interference types 1 and 2 in terms of graphs. Based on the insights obtained, we devise a scheme that modifies 802.11 slightly to make its capacity scale with the number of nodes.
p35/cdk5 binds and phosphorylates β‐catenin and regulates β‐catenin/presenilin‐1 interaction (2001)

The neuronal cyclin-dependent kinase p35/cdk5 comprises a catalytic subunit (cdk5) and an activator subunit (p35). To identify novel p35/cdk5 substrates, we utilized the yeast two-hybrid system to screen for human p35 binding partners. From one such screen, we identified beta-catenin as an interacting protein. Confirmation that p35 binds to beta-catenin was obtained by using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-beta-catenin fusion proteins that interacted with both endogenous and transfected p35, and by showing that beta-catenin was present in p35 immunoprecipitates. p35 and beta-catenin also displayed overlapping subcellular distribution patterns in cells including neurons. Finally, we demonstrated that p35/cdk5 phosphorylates beta-catenin. beta-catenin also binds to presenilin-1 and altered beta-catenin/presenilin-1 interactions may be mechanistic in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal p35/cdk5 activity has also been suggested to contribute to AD. We therefore investigated how modulation of p35/cdk5 activity influenced beta-catenin/presenilin-1 interactions. Inhibition of p35/cdk5 with roscovitine did not alter the steady state levels of either beta-catenin or presenilin-1 but reduced the amount of presenilin-1 bound to beta-catenin. Thus, p35/cdk5 binds and phosphorylates beta-catenin and regulates its binding to presenilin-1. The findings reported here therefore provide a novel molecular framework to connect p35/cdk5 with beta-catenin and presenilin-1 in AD.
The design of a texture mapping unit with effective MIP-map level selection for real-time ray tracing (2011)

We propose effective texture-mapping hardware for real-time ray tracing. Therefore, we introduce a novel method to select the MIP-map level of texture images, which requires only the total length of the intersected ray and the pre-calculated value. The proposed architecture can support the texture MIP-mapping by integrating simple hardware logic in existing ray-tracing hardware.
High directive antenna using quasi-periodic planar metamaterial substrates (2005)

We report our experimental and theoretical studies on a metamaterial substrate consisting of a quasi-periodic metallic planar pattern and a flat metal sheet, interconnected through metallic vias. We show that this structure possesses multiple in-phase reflection frequency regimes and spectral gaps for transverse-magnetic surface waves, whereas the transverse-electric surface waves are suppressed in all frequencies. In particular, an antenna put on top of this planar structure radiates with very high directivity (D=240) at some frequencies. This phenomenon is mainly governed by the inhomogeneity of the structure, which is a collective effect of perfect magnetic and electric conductors operating simultaneously at the frequency.
Panel on Web-based Question Answering (2003)

Early TREC-style Questio nA nsweri ng Systems were characterized by the following features: (a) the answer of the question was known to be included in a given local corpus, (b) the size of the small corpus permitted preprocessing, including named entity extraction and parsing of all documents, and (c) the corpus consisted of well-written news documents. More recently, QA Systems have started to use the Web as a corpus, either by extracting answers from the Web rather than a local corpus or by learning lexical patterns from the Web which are then used to improve the system itself. Using the Web for Question Answering presents an interesting combination of opportunities and challenges. This panel will discuss how to leverage the opportunities while addressing the inevitable challenges.
Tunable RF-power-fading compensation of multiple-channel double-sideband SCM transmission using a nonlinearly chirped FBG (2000)

We demonstrate that a nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating can compensate RF power degradation in subcarrier-multiplexed (SCM) systems that is caused by fiber dispersion. Our all-optical technique provides tunable dispersion that compensates for multiple SCM channels simultaneously. We achieve RF-power-fading compensation for two SCM/BPSK 156-Mb/s channels in which the fading is reduced from 15 and 6 dB, respectively, to <0.5 dB for each channel.
Publisher's Note: “Highly efficient, spatially coherent distributed feedback lasers from dense colloidal quantum dot films” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 171104 (2013)] (2013)

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Triaging subjects with palpable breast masses for biopsy, follow-up or treatment using AI applied to breast ultrasound in a low-resource setting - A feasibility study (2022)

Breast cancer is more common in premenopausal women in developing countries. In the absence of screening, women present with symptoms, usually a palpable mass; however most palpable masses are benign. Automatic triaging of palpable breast masses using ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in a low-resource setting would be beneficial by characterizing them (benign, suspicious, malignant) for follow-up with further imaging (suspicious) or biopsy (malignant). Further, automatic prediction of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) status of malignant lesions from ultrasound could allow initiation of primary endocrine therapy when appropriate and accelerate the need for specialized immunohistochemistry (IHC), if the tumor appears more likely to be a triple receptor negative, which is more aggressive and faster growing. In this work, we explore methods using Artificial Intelligence (AI) for automatic classification of breast lesions as benign, suspicious and malignant, and prediction of ER+ status for malignant lesions.
Cellular distribution of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor‐α, and epidermal growth factor receptor in fascia and peritoneum during healing in the rat: an autoradiographic and immunohistochemical study (1993)

The presence and cellular distribution of epidermal growth factor (EGF), TGF-alpha, and EGF-R were determined in the rat fascial and peritoneal tissue during healing of an incisional injury by means of immunohistochemistry and autoradiographic techniques. The immunostaining intensity for EGF in the regenerating wound area was substantially higher during the first 14 days, then decreased to near prewound levels during 14 to 35 days after surgery. Within the wound area, the most intense immunostaining occurred with inflammatory cells, followed by fascial striated muscle and arterioles, whereas fibroblasts in the regenerating area contained very low immunostaining intensity. The immunostaining pattern for TGF-alpha with the use of three separate polyclonal antibodies that were directed against the amino and carboxy termini of TGF-alpha precursor and a fragment of the mature 50-amino-acid form of TGF-alpha was similar to that seen with EGF and persisted until 28 days after injury. However, fibroblasts in the regenerating area immunostained intensely for TGF-alpha but not for EGF. Quantitative autoradiography of iodine 125-labeled EGF binding and immunohistochemical studies of the EGF-R with monoclonal antibodies that were directed against the extracellular binding domain of EGF-R demonstrated the presence of specific EGF-R in regenerating fascial and peritoneal tissue. Net grain density (100 microm(2)), representing specific binding of (125)I-EGF, was calculated for different cell types in the wound. The grain density over fascial striated muscle, migratory fibroblasts and peritoneal fibroblasts increased by two and one half, three, and four times, respectively, at 7 days and decreased to the values in adjacent unwounded tissue by 21 days after injury (p < 0.05). Immunostaining for the EGF-R generated similar patterns, which persisted for 14 days after injury. The grain density and immunostaining for EGF-R over the arterioles in the wound did not change during the course of healing and was similar to that of the uninjured regions. In summary, these observations indicate that the local levels of EGF, TGF-alpha, and EGF-R increase during the early phases of healing in fascial and peritoneal injury, which suggests a role for these growth factors in the normal mechanism of fascial/peritoneal wound healing and fibrous adhesion formation.
Ultra-Sensitive CO2 Fiber-Optic Sensors Enhanced by Metal-Organic Framework Film (2016)

We demonstrated an ultra-sensitive near-infrared (NIR) absorption CO2 fiber-optic sensor at 1.57μm wavelength enhanced by metal-organic framework. We achieved 20 ppm detection limit with only 5cm length with 500× NIR enhancement from the MOF film.
Engineering Plants to Produce Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (2009)

Fats and oils are important constituents in the human diet, both as a source of energy and as carbon building blocks. This chapter discusses the importance of the chemical structure of fatty acids in relation to their health properties. Saturated fats have been used in a variety of cooking and baking applications because of their oxidative stability and shelf-life. But, consumption of fats high in short-chain, saturated fatty acids leads to increases in low-density lipoprotein and may lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Stearic acid is generally considered neutral in its effect on blood lipids while monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids tend to have an inverse correlation with coronary heart disease. In the body, the essential fatty acids such as linolenic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are converted to the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and eicosapenatenoic acid, respectively through a series of common desaturation and elongation reactions.