gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Functional Characterization of Fcγ Receptor IIIb-Ligand Interaction: Implications for Neutrophil-Mediated Immune Mechanisms in Malaria (2018)

The Fcγ receptor IIIb (FcγRIIIb) is a low-affinity receptor of IgG and is essential in neutrophil-mediated effector functions. Different allelic forms of FcγRIIIb carrying human neutrophil antigen (HNA-1a, -1b, -1c, and -1d) have been identified. Here, we have generated stable transfected HEK293 cell lines expressing HNA-1aa, -1bb, and -1bc. Of these, cells expressing HNA-1bc interacted significantly stronger (binding affinities, 2.277 versus 0.743) with human IgG than cells expressing the HNA-1aa or -1bb alloforms. The higher affinity of IgG toward the HNA-1c alloform was confirmed using neutrophils derived from German blood donors. Neutrophils from HNA-1abc-phenotyped individuals bound IgG significantly stronger (1.825 versus 0.903) than did neutrophils from HNA-1ab-typed individuals. These findings were confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis demonstrating that recombinant HNA-1bc had a higher affinity (dissociation constant [<i>K<sub>d</sub></i> ], 7.24 × 10<sup>-6</sup> M) than recombinant HNA-1bb (<i>K<sub>d</sub></i> , 1.15 × 10<sup>-5</sup> M) against normal IgG. Finally, we demonstrated that <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoites opsonized with human IgG affinity purified against <i>P. falciparum</i> glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) enhanced stronger reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission in neutrophils obtained from HNA-1abc donors than in neutrophils from HNA-1ab donors. Collectively, these results indicate that the amino acid substitution Ala<sub>78</sub>Asp resulting in the HNA-1c allotype leads to higher affinity toward human IgG, enhancement of neutrophil activation, and possibly effective clearance of malaria by intracellular ROS.
Generation by Electron Transfer of an Emitting State Not Observed by Photoexcitation in a Linked Ru(bpy)32+−Methyl Viologen (1996)

The molecule in which a methyl viologen (MV2+) moiety is coupled through a three-carbon chain to one bipyridine in Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2‘bipyrine), [Ru(bpy)2(4-(2-(1‘-methyl-4−4‘-bipyridinediium-1-yl)propyl)-4‘-methyl-2,2‘-bipyridine), abbreviated RuII(bpy)2(MV2+-bpy)4+], does not emit upon photoexcitation because of rapid quenching of the MLCT state by the MV2+. The integrated steady-state photoemission intensity is <1/1000 that of Ru(bpy)32+ under the same conditions. However, quite efficient emission [∼1/5 that of Ru(bpy)32+] is found when RuIII(bpy)2(MV2+-bpy)5+ is electrogenerated at a Pt electrode in aqueous solution and reacts with a suitable coreactant (tri-n-propylamine or oxalate), where the excited state is produced by an electron-transfer reaction. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence is also observed for this species in acetonitrile solutions upon potential cycling via annihilation of the reduced (+1) and oxidized (+5) species.
Investigation of Spectral Efficient Modulation Formats for 400Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switched System (2010)

We investigate the performance of NRZ-OOK, NRZ-DPSK, NRZ-DQPSK, NRZ-8PSK and NRZ-16-QAM modulation and their influence to an optical packet switched systems (OPS) performance. The aim was to demonstrate that OPS systems can be spectrally efficient.
Design and Synthesis of 1-Aminocycloalkane-1-carboxylic Acid-Substituted Deltorphin Analogues:  Unique δ and μ Opioid Activity in Modified Peptides (1996)

Deltorphin analogues were substituted by a series of achiral C alpha,alpha-dialkyl cyclic alpha-amino acids (1-aminocycloalkane-1-carboxylic acids, Ac chi c, where chi = a hexane, pentane, or propane cycloalkane ring) in position 2, 3, 4, or 2 and 3 in deltorphin C, and in position 2 in [Ac6c2,-des-Phe3]deltorphin C hexapeptide. Receptor assays indicated that even though Ac6c2 and Ac6c3 exhibited a diminished Ki delta by ca. 20-fold (2.5-3.3 nM) relative to deltorphin C (Ki delta = 0.15 nM), selectivity was marginally elevated (Ki mu/Ki delta = 1250) or enhanced by about 70%, and both peptides fitted stringent iterative calculations for a two-site binding model (eta = 0.625 and 0.766, respectively, P < 0.0001). The disubstituted [Ac6c2,3]- or [Ac6c2,des-Phe3]deltorphin analogues yielded peptides with decreased Ki delta, such that the latter peptide was essentially inactive. The presence of Ac5c or Ac3c in place of Phe3 further diminished Ki delta (15.4 to 19.0 nM), yet delta selectivity only fell about one-half (Ki mu/Ki delta = 440 and 535, respectively), and only the former peptide fitted a two-site binding model (eta = 0.799). The replacement of Asp4 by Ac6c, Ac5c, or Ac3c produced essentially nonselective analogues through the acquisition of high mu affinities (2.5, 0.58 and 0.27 nM, respectively) while maintaining high delta affinities (Ki delta = 0.045-0.054 nM) which were about 3-fold greater than that of deltorphin C. Using pharmacological assays in vitro (mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum), position 3-substituted analogues all indicated substantial losses in bioactivity, whereas substitution by 1-aminocycloalkanes at the fourth position retained high delta activity. In fact, the bioactivity of [Ac3c4]deltorphin C indicated a peptide with relatively weak delta selectivity, which was comparable to the observations with the receptor binding data. In summary, the data confirmed that (i) delta selectivity occurs in the absence of D-chirality at position 2, (ii) the aromaticity of Phe3 is replaceable by an achiral residue with a hydrophobic ring-saturated side chain, and (iii) the acquisition of dual high-affinity analogues occurs through the elimination of the anionic function at position 4 and replacement by an amino acid with a hydrophobic side chain.
Design and performance of very high-density multifiber connectors employing monolithic 60-fiber ferrules (1999)

High-density high-count mechanically transferable (MT) type and multifiber push-on (MPG) type connectors were constructed by using a monolithic 60-fiber ferrule which aligns five stacked 12-fiber ribbons. The connectors have a high packaging density of 286 fibers/cm/sup 2/ for the MT type and 40 fibers/cm/sup 2/ for the MPO type. We fabricated both types of 60-fiber connector. The average insertion loss of the MT type was 0.20 dB with index-matching and that of the MPO type was 0.70 dB without index-matching.
New developments in LED lighting by novel phosphors (2003)

Recently new phosphors from various material classes have been developed for LED applications by Osram OS and partners. Excitation wavelengths of these phosphors range from below 400 nm to 470 nm, enabling the creation of purple and unsaturated LED colors and even the efficient conversion of near UV-radiation into white light. By addition of red and green phosphors to white LEDs, a warm white color impression can be achieved. These LEDs are suitable for all purposes of general lighting, where a high color rendering is required. An outlook to new applications with unsaturated and warm white LEDs will be given.
Isostructural coordination polymers: epitaxis vs. solid solution (2011)

Different synthetic conditions often afford different products and this is more evident for complex structures (i.e. solvates, polymorphs, co-crystals, solid solutions, etc.). We show how solution growth of a given set of components produces an epitaxial heterocrystal while mechanochemical synthesis yields a solid solution.
Using fMRI to Study the Neural Correlates of Virtual Reality Analgesia (2006)

Excessive pain during medical procedures, such as burn wound dressing changes, is a widespread medical problem and is especially challenging for children. This article describes the rationale behind virtual reality (VR) pain distraction, a new non-pharmacologic adjunctive analgesia, and gives a brief summary of empirical studies exploring whether VR reduces clinical procedural pain. Results indicate that patients using VR during painful medical procedures report large reductions in subjective pain. A neuroimaging study measuring the neural correlates of VR analgesia is described in detail. This functional magnetic resonance imaging pain study in healthy volunteers shows that the large drops in subjective pain ratings during VR are accompanied by large drops in pain-related brain activity. Together the clinical and laboratory studies provide converging evidence that VR distraction is a promising new non-pharmacologic pain control technique.
Spectrally efficient noncoherent communication (2002)

This paper considers noncoherent communication over a frequency-nonselective channel in which the time-varying channel gain is unknown a priori, but is approximately constant over a coherence interval. Unless the coherence interval is large, coherent communication, which requires explicit channel estimation and tracking prior to detection, incurs training overhead which may be excessive, especially for multiple-antenna communication. In contrast, noncoherent detection may be viewed as a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) which jointly estimates the channel and the data, and hence does not require separate training. The main results in this paper are as follows. (1) We develop a "signal space" criterion for signal and code design for noncoherent communication, in terms of the distances of signal points from the decision boundaries. (2) The noncoherent metric thus obtained is used to guide the design of signals for noncoherent communication that are based on amplitude/phase constellations. These are significantly more efficient than conventional differential phase-shift keying (PSK), especially at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Also, known results on the high-SNR performance of multiple-symbol demodulation of differential PSK are easily inferred from the noncoherent metric. (3) The GLRT interpretation is used to obtain near-optimal low-complexity implementations of noncoherent block demodulation. In particular, this gives an implementation of multiple symbol demodulation of differential PSK, which is of linear complexity (in the block length) and whose degradation from the exact, exponential complexity, implementation can be made as small as desired.
Emerging role of Lipopolysaccharide binding protein in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (2016)

Sepsis remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, with limited therapeutic options available. Of the several disorders connected with sepsis, acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the major complications. The pathophysiology of sepsis-induced AKI is characterized by severe inflammation in renal parenchyma with endothelial dysfunction, intra-glomerular thrombosis and tubular injury. Endothelial dysfunction is regulated by several mechanisms implicated in cellular de-differentiation, such as endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall component lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are frequently involved in the pathogenesis of AKI. The host recognition of LPS requires a specific receptor, which belongs to the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family of proteins, called TLR4, and two carrier proteins, namely the LPS-binding protein (LBP) and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14). In particular, LBP is released as a consequence of Gram-negative infection and maximizes the activation of TLR4 signalling. Recent findings regarding the emerging role of LBP in mediating sepsis-induced AKI, and the possible beneficial effects resulting from the removal of this endogenous adaptor protein, will be discussed in this review.
Utilization of 17-gene biopsy-based genomics scores in treatment decisions for low- to intermediate-risk patients with prostate cancer. (2016)

e627 Background: Patients with prostate cancer are faced with many different treatment options for their disease. A biopsy-based 17-gene genomic analysis is clinically validated as a predictor of favorable pathology and is used in our practice to aid men considering Active Surveillance in lieu of definitive treatment for their low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer. We analyzed the treatment decisions made after receiving the Genomic Prostate Score (GPS) results of this test. Methods: We identified 77 patients between 2013 to 2015 from our practice who received Genomic Prostate Score results. We characterized their demographics, NCCN criteria both before and after the test, their Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), chance of favorable pathology, and treatment decision after the test. Results: Average age of the group electing surveillance after the genomic test was 61 years versus 65 in the group electing treatment (p=0.04). Average GPS in the surveillance group was 20 versus 28 in the treatment group (p=0.03). Average percent chance of favorable pathology was 80% in the surveillance group versus 63% in the treatment group (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Biopsy-based genomics analysis can be a helpful tool for patients and practitioners who are evaluating candidacy for an Active Surveillance regimen versus definitive treatment for low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer. [Table: see text]
Immunogenicity of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (BHV-1) proteins integrated into ISCOMs or liposomes. (1996)

Dynamics and persistence of antibody responses to immunization and reimmunization of rabbits with BHV-1 ISCOMs or BHV-1 liposomes were investigated for 20 weeks and compared with those induced by a commercial vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) or free BHV-1 protein subunits. Comparable levels of antibodies to BHV-1, determined by ELISA, were found throughout the observation period in rabbits treated with BHV-1 ISCOMs or the commercial vaccine. The immunogenicity of BHV-1 liposomes was higher than that of the free virus proteins, but lower than those of BHV-1 ISCOMs or the commercial vaccine. Virus neutralization test confirmed the best immunostimulatory effect of BHV-1 ISCOMs as far as the levels and the persistence of antibodies were concerned. The reactivities of the specific virus protein subunits with anti-BHV-1 antibodies elicited in rabbits immunized with BHV-1 ISCOMs or the commercial vaccine were compared by Western blotting. The patterns of the bands were similar, but some differences were found in their numbers and intensities.
The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative: a call to action to reduce residual vascular risk in dyslipidaemic patients (2008)

Despite current standards of care aimed at achieving targets for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemia, dyslipidaemic patients remain at high residual risk of vascular events. Atherogenic dyslipidaemia, specifically elevated triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often with elevated apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol, is common in patients with established cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity or metabolic syndrome and is associated with macrovascular and microvascular residual risk. The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative (R3I) was established to address this important issue. This position paper aims to highlight evidence that atherogenic dyslipidaemia contributes to residual macrovascular risk and microvascular complications despite current standards of care for dyslipidaemia and diabetes, and to recommend therapeutic intervention for reducing this, supported by evidence and expert consensus. Lifestyle modification is an important first step. Additionally, pharmacotherapy is often required. Adding niacin, a fibrate or omega-3 fatty acids to statin therapy improves achievement of all lipid risk factors. Outcomes studies are evaluating whether these strategies translate to greater clinical benefit than statin therapy alone. In conclusion, the R3I highlights the need to address with lifestyle and/or pharmacotherapy the high level of residual vascular risk among dyslipidaemic patients who are treated in accordance with current standards of care.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON INVENTORY OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE HYDROLYSIS. COMMENTS ON ANALYSIS OF PROTON‐INVENTORY DATA (1980)

Abstract Die spontane Hydrolyse von Phthalsäureanhydrid (I) wird in HgO/DzO‐Mischungen untersucht.
The Streptococcal Collagen-binding Protein CNE Specifically Interferes with αVβ3-mediated Cellular Interactions with Triple Helical Collagen (2010)

Collagen fibers expose distinct domains allowing for specific interactions with other extracellular matrix proteins and cells. To investigate putative collagen domains that govern integrin α(V)β(3)-mediated cellular interactions with native collagen fibers we took advantage of the streptococcal protein CNE that bound native fibrillar collagens. CNE specifically inhibited α(V)β(3)-dependent cell-mediated collagen gel contraction, PDGF BB-induced and α(V)β(3)-mediated adhesion of cells, and binding of fibronectin to native collagen. Using a Toolkit composed of overlapping, 27-residue triple helical segments of collagen type II, two CNE-binding sites present in peptides II-1 and II-44 were identified. These peptides lack the major binding site for collagen-binding β(1) integrins, defined by the peptide GFOGER. Peptide II-44 corresponds to a region of collagen known to bind collagenases, discoidin domain receptor 2, SPARC (osteonectin), and fibronectin. In addition to binding fibronectin, peptide II-44 but not II-1 inhibited α(V)β(3)-mediated collagen gel contraction and, when immobilized on plastic, supported adhesion of cells. Reduction of fibronectin expression by siRNA reduced PDGF BB-induced α(V)β(3)-mediated contraction. Reconstitution of collagen types I and II gels in the presence of CNE reduced collagen fibril diameters and fibril melting temperatures. Our data indicate that contraction proceeded through an indirect mechanism involving binding of cell-produced fibronectin to the collagen fibers. Furthermore, our data show that cell-mediated collagen gel contraction does not directly depend on the process of fibril formation.
Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension (2015)

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with diverse cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic diseases in neonates, infants, and older children and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. However, current approaches to caring for pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension have been limited by the lack of consensus guidelines from experts in the field. In a joint effort from the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society, a panel of experienced clinicians and clinician-scientists was assembled to review the current literature and to make recommendations on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension. This publication presents the results of extensive literature reviews, discussions, and formal scoring of recommendations for the care of children with pulmonary hypertension.
Hormonal Regulation of Androgen Biosynthesis by Primary Cultures of Testis Cells from Neonatal Rats* (1985)

Enzymatically dispersed testis cells derived from 7-day-old male rats maintained their gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production for 18 days in culture. Treatment with hCG or LH stimulated androgen production in a dose-dependent manner, with ED50 values of 0.030 +/- 0.007 and 1.0 +/- 0.4 ng/ml for hCG and LH, respectively. Concomitant treatment with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor further enhanced LH action. In contrast, treatment with FSH, GH, or PRL was without effect. Treatment with forskolin, cholera toxin, or 8-bromo-cAMP induced dose-dependent increases in testosterone biosynthesis; this was accompanied by stimulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity after treatment with hCG, forskolin, or 8-bromo-cAMP. RIA measurement of different androgens in HPLC-fractionated medium revealed that the main androgen secreted by the neonatal testis cells was testosterone, with lower production of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and negligible 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, and androsterone. Treatment with epidermal growth factor, GnRH, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) decreased hCG-induced testosterone biosynthesis. Since the inhibitory actions of GnRH and AVP were blocked by concomitant addition of specific hormone antagonists, their inhibitory actions were probably mediated by specific testis receptors. In contrast, treatment with several potent synthetic steroid hormone analogs [diethylstilbestrol (an estrogen), dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid), R5020 (a progestin; 17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione), R1881 (an androgen; 17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-4,9,11-estratrien-3-one), or cyproterone acetate (an antiandrogen; 17 alpha-acetyloxy-6-chloro-1,2-dihydro-(1 beta,2 beta)3'-H-cyclopropa-(1,2) pregna-1,4,6-trien-3,20-dione)] did not affect testosterone biosynthesis in hCG-treated cells. These results demonstrate that testosterone production by neonatal testis cells is maintained by gonadotropins during prolonged culture; the ability of cAMP-generating drugs and a cAMP analog to mimic gonadotropin actions on testosterone biosynthesis and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity suggests a mediatory role of cAMP in gonadotropin action; and AVP, epidermal growth factor, and GnRH, through their putative testis receptors, directly inhibit gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone synthesis, while various steroids (androgens, estrogens, progestins, and glucocorticoids) do not affect Leydig cell function in the neonatal testis. The present culture system offers a unique model for elucidating the hormonal control of Leydig cell androgen biosynthesis during neonatal development.
Immobilized Yeast Bioreactor Systems for Continuous Beer Fermentation (1999)

Two different types of immobilized yeast bioreactors were examined for continuous fermentation of high-gravity worts. One of these is a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) that employs porous glass beads for yeast immobilization. The second system is a loop reactor containing a porous silicon carbide cartridge (SCCR) for immobilizing the yeast cells. Although there was some residual fermentable sugar in the SCCR system product, nearly complete attenuation of the wort sugars was achieved in either of the systems when operated as a two-stage process. Fermentation could be completed in these systems in only half the time required for a conventional batch process. Both the systems showed similar kinetics of extract consumption, and therefore similar volumetric productivity. As compared to the batch fermentation, total fusel alcohols were lower; total esters, while variable, were generally higher. The yeast biomass production was similar to that in a conventional fermentation process. As would be expected in an accelerated fermentation system, the levels of vicinal diketones (VDKs) were higher. To remove the VDKs, the young beer was heat-treated to convert the VDK precursors and processed through a packed bed immobilized yeast bioreactor for VDK assimilation. The finished product from the FBR system was found to be quite acceptable from a flavor perspective, albeit different from the product from a conventional batch process. Significantly shortened fermentation times demonstrate the feasibility of this technology for beer production.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Alkyl‐α‐aminosilanes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Boc‐Protected Vinyl Amines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of a New Glycosynthase Cloned by Using Chemical Complementation (2008)

Screening glycosynthase activity: We report the cloning and characterization of a new glycosynthase Cel5A:E307G from a family 5 glycosynthase by using a chemical complementation LEU2 enrichment assay. This enzyme catalyzes the efficient synthesis of an endo-β-1,3-glycosidic linkage between lactose-fluoride donor and p-nitrophenyl β-cellobioside acceptor substrates.