gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field-Evolved Mode 1 Resistance of the Fall Armyworm to Transgenic Cry1Fa-Expressing Corn Associated with Reduced Cry1Fa Toxin Binding and Midgut Alkaline Phosphatase Expression (2015)

Insecticidal protein genes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are expressed by transgenic Bt crops (Bt crops) for effective and environmentally safe pest control. The development of resistance to these insecticidal proteins is considered the most serious threat to the sustainability of Bt crops. Resistance in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) populations from Puerto Rico to transgenic corn producing the Cry1Fa insecticidal protein resulted, for the first time in the United States, in practical resistance, and Bt corn was withdrawn from the local market. In this study, we used a field-collected Cry1Fa corn-resistant strain (456) of S. frugiperda to identify the mechanism responsible for field-evolved resistance. Binding assays detected reduced Cry1Fa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac but not Cry1Ca toxin binding to midgut brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) from the larvae of strain 456 compared to that from the larvae of a susceptible (Ben) strain. This binding phenotype is descriptive of the mode 1 type of resistance to Bt toxins. A comparison of the transcript levels for putative Cry1 toxin receptor genes identified a significant downregulation (>90%) of a membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which translated to reduced ALP protein levels and a 75% reduction in ALP activity in BBMV from 456 compared to that of Ben larvae. We cloned and heterologously expressed this ALP from susceptible S. frugiperda larvae and demonstrated that it specifically binds with Cry1Fa toxin. This study provides a thorough mechanistic description of field-evolved resistance to a transgenic Bt crop and supports an association between resistance and reduced Cry1Fa toxin binding and levels of a putative Cry1Fa toxin receptor, ALP, in the midguts of S. frugiperda larvae.
Design and Analysis of Heterogeneous Trench-Assisted Multi-core Fiber under Bending Condition (2012)

Heterogeneous trench-assisted multi-core fiber (Hetero-TA-MCF) is proposed to achieve larger effective area. The crosstalk value at 1550-nm of Hetero-TA-MCF can be lower than −50 dB after 100-km propagation.
Silicon Multi-Pass Gas Cell for Chip-Scale Gas Analysis by Absorption Spectroscopy (2020)

Semiconductor and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technologies have been already proved as strong solutions for producing miniaturized optical spectrometers, light sources and photodetectors. However, the implementation of optical absorption spectroscopy for in-situ gas analysis requires further integration of a gas cell using the same technologies towards full integration of a complete gas analysis system-on-chip. Here, we propose design guidelines and experimental validation of a gas cell fabricated using MEMS technology. The architecture is based on a circular multi-pass gas cell in a miniaturized form. Simulation results based on the proposed modeling scheme helps in determining the optimum dimensions of the gas cell, given the constraints of micro-fabrication. The carbon dioxide spectral signature is successfully measured using the proposed integrated multi-pass gas cell coupled with a MEMS-based spectrometer.
Illumination optics for source-mask optimization (2010)

Source Mask Optimization (SMO) <sup>1</sup> is proposed and being developed for the 32 nm generation and beyond in order to extend dose / focus margin by simultaneous optimization of the illuminator source shape and a customized mask. For several years now, mask optimization techniques have been improving. At the same time, the flexibility of the illuminator must also be improved, leading to more complex illumination shapes. As a result, pupil fill is moving from a parametric model defined by sigma value, ratio, clocking angle, subtended angle and/or, pole balance, to a freeform condition with gray scale defined by light intensity in the illuminator. We have evaluated an intelligent illuminator in order to meet requirements of SMO. Then we have confirmed controllability of the pupilgram.
Techniques for managing anatomic variations in primary total knee arthroplasty (2008)

Primary total knee arthroplasties have high success rates, but certain patient anatomic or other variations may adversely affect the performance or the clinical outcomes of these procedures. Various technologies and techniques have been developed in attempts to overcome these challenges. However, there is controversy concerning whether these innovations are beneficial. This article assessed the scientific evidence regarding the use of these technologies to address various anatomic variations by examining the complete body of literature. The anatomic variations that were examined included extra-articular deformities, bone deficiencies, ligamentous instability, post-patellectomy knees, patella baja, variations in bone size and high-flexion knees. Recommendations for each circumstance were presented based upon the available scientific evidence.
Synthesis of Alkyl Bridged‐Tris‐α‐Amino Acids as C3‐Symmetric and Linear Linkers (2021)

Abstract Although bis‐α‐amino acids have been used to synthesize dimer models of aggregative peptides involved in neurodegenerative diseases, tris‐α‐amino acids are employed to a lesser extent for trimer models. The reported tris‐α‐amino acids substituted on the 1,3,5‐positions of an aromatic ring are not suitable for mimicking trimers due to their low flexibility and high planarity. Here, we design and synthesize two new alkyl bridged‐tris‐α‐amino acids with Fmoc protecting groups as new flexible linkers for trimer models.
Influence of reactive-ion-etching depth on interface properties in Al 2 O 3 /n-GaN MOS diodes (2019)

Abstract Influence of etching depth on the interface properties in Al 2 O 3 /n-GaN MOS diodes has been investigated. The n-GaN surface was etched by inductively coupled reactive-ion-etching (RIE) with shallow (20 nm) and deep etching (1200 nm) depth. The resulting Al 2 O 3 /n-GaN interface properties were then evaluated by the capacitance/conductance–voltage ( C / G – V ) and current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristics measurements. It was found that: (i) the interface state density of the shallow-etched MOS diode is almost the same as that of the un-etched reference sample, (ii) the deep-etched MOS diode showed around five times higher interface state density than the shallow-etched MOS diode, (iii) the increased interface state density with deep etching was not recovered by Tetra-Methyl-Ammonium Hydroxide (TMAH) treatment nor by post annealing, and (iv) the deep-etched MOS diode indicated about five orders of magnitude higher leakage current, which could be attributed to the lowering of the effective barrier height in the Fowler–Nordheim type conduction. The results obtained in this study indicate that improved RIE process has to be developed for the fabrication of GaN MOS FETs that require deep etching such as vertical trench-type FETs.
Rapid, simple enzymatic assay of free L-fucose in serum and urine, and its use as a marker for cancer, cirrhosis, and gastric ulcers (1990)

We devised a kit for use with automated analyzers, for assay of urinary free L-fucose by means of a newly isolated L-fucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.122), and we measured L-fucose in healthy subjects, cancer patients, and patients with other diseases. It takes 10 min to complete one assay. Absorbance and L-fucose concentration were linearly related up to at least 3.0 mmol/L, analytical recovery was 90-104%, and intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were less than 4.2% and 7.8%, respectively. The concentrations of L-fucose, corrected for creatinine, were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects in nine of 18 patients with gastric ulcers, 19 of 21 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, and 206 of 366 patients with some type of cancer, reflecting a changed L-fucose metabolism. Because urine specimens are analyzed and the test is rapid and inexpensive, this method may be suitable for mass screening for some kinds of cancer, cirrhosis, and gastric ulcers.
RIS-Aided Index Modulation with Greedy Detection over Rician Fading Channels (2023)

Index modulation schemes for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)-assisted systems are envisioned as promising technologies for fifth-generation-advanced and sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication systems to enhance various system capabilities such as coverage area and network capacity. In this paper, we consider a receive diversity RIS-assisted wireless communication system employing IM schemes, namely, space-shift keying (SSK) for binary modulation and spatial modulation (SM) for M-ary modulation for data transmission. The RIS lies in close proximity to the transmitter, and the transmitted data is subjected to a fading environment with a prominent line-of-sight component modeled by a Rician distribution. A receiver structure based on a greedy detection rule is employed to select the receive diversity branch with the highest received signal energy for demodulation. The performance of the considered system is evaluated by obtaining a series-form expression for the probability of erroneous index detection (PED) of the considered target antenna using a characteristic function approach. In addition, closed-form and asymptotic expressions at high and low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for the bit error rate (BER) for the SSK-based system, and the SM-based system employing M-ary phase-shift keying and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation schemes, are derived. The dependencies of the system performance on the various parameters are corroborated via numerical results. The asymptotic expressions and results of PED and BER at high and low SNR values lead to the observation of a performance saturation and the presence of an SNR value as a point of inflection, which is attributed to the greedy detector's structure.
Multi-purpose Optical Interferometric Device : Two Technologies based on the same Interferometer (Fringe-pattern 3D scanner & Optical Shearography) : One Intergrated Block (2016)

Several years of R&D have enabled the development of a scanner integrating two analysis techniques: the optical moiré by projection of fringes and shearography. It allows 3D surveys with exceptional precision.
Effect of Specific Immunotherapy With Preimmunization Against Alpha-Fetoprotein on a Mouse Transplantable Hepatoma: Brief Communication 2 (1977)

Antibodies to autologous alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were produced in mice by immunization with rat AFP. C57L/J mice with or without such antibodies were inoculated sc or ip with controlled numbers of cells of the syngeneic, AFP-producing, BW 7756 hepatoma. There was a linear relationship between circulating AFP and tumor mass, with elevated AFP being detectable earlier than the tumor. The AFP levels of the immunized mice were generally lower than those of control mice, and tumors could be detected before elevated concentrations of AFP appeared in the circulation. An extensive series of transplantations with varying protocols for immunization did not protect against tumor and did not affect the rate of tumor growth.
Flap endonuclease-initiated enzymatic repairing amplification for ultrasensitive detection of target nucleic acids (2019)

A new isothermal nucleic acid amplification method termed FERA (Flap endonuclease-initiated Enzymatic Repairing Amplification) is developed for the ultrasensitive detection of target nucleic acids. In the FERA method, flap endonuclease (FEN) catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage at the junction of single- and double-stranded DNAs which is formed only in the presence of target nucleic acids, and releases short oligonucleotides to promote the cyclic enzymatic repairing amplification (ERA) combined with FEN-based amplification. As a result, a large amount of single- and double-stranded DNAs are generated under the isothermal conditions, leading to the high fluorescence intensity from the SYBR I green dye. Relying on the powerful amplification method, we successfully determined the target nucleic acids with a limit of detection as low as 15.16 aM, which corresponds to approximately 180 molecules in 20 μL reaction volume, and verified the practical applicability by detecting long target nucleic acids derived from Chlamydia trachomatis.
Heavenly Sanctuary In Rabbinic Literature (2014)

O santuario celestial na literatura rabinica ABSTRACT Several refernces in classical Rabbinic sources indicate that the temple in heaven presents a concrete, not an abstract reality. Modern commentators agree to the fact that in the Jewish mind the earthly sanctuary was built in accordance with the pattern of the Heavenly one. KEYWORDS: HEAVENLY SANCTUARY; CLASSICAL RABBINIC JUDAISM; PATTERN; REALITY. RESUMO Diversas referencias nas fontes rabinicas classicas indicam que o templo no ceu apresenta uma realidade concreta, e nao abstrata. Comentaristas modernos concordam com o fato de que, na mente judaica, o santuario terrestre foi construido de acordo com o padrao do santuario celestial. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: SANTUARIO CELESTIAL; JUDAISMO RABINICO CLASSICO; PADRAO; REALIDADE.
The polyether ionophore salinomycin targets multiple cellular pathways to block proliferative vitreoretinopathy pathology (2019)

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is characterized by membranes that form in the vitreous cavity and on both surfaces of the retina, which results in the formation of tractional membranes that can cause retinal detachment and intrinsic fibrosis of the retina, leading to retina foreshortening. Currently, there are no pharmacologic therapies that are effective in inhibiting or preventing PVR formation. One of the key aspects of PVR pathogenesis is retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we show that the polyether ionophore compound salinomycin (SNC) effectively inhibits TGFβ-induced EMT of RPE cells. SNC blocks the activation of TGFβ-induced downstream targets alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and collagen 1 (Col1A1). Additionally, SNC inhibits TGFβ-induced RPE cell migration and contraction. We show that SNC functions to inhibit RPE EMT by targeting both the pTAK1/p38 and Smad2 signaling pathways upon TGFβ stimulation. Additionally, SNC is able to inhibit αSMA and Col1A1 expression in RPE cells that have already undergone TGFβ-induced EMT. Together, these results suggest that SNC could be an effective therapeutic compound in both the prevention and treatment of PVR.
46,XX, inv(6)(p21.1p23) in a pedigree with hereditary haemochromatosis. (1997)

Hereditary haemochromatosis (HFE) is a recessive genetic disease of iron overload which has been shown by linkage analysis to reside on the short arm of chromosome 6, close to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Positional cloning of the putative HFE locus has been hampered, in part, by the lack of a structural alteration on 6p. In this report, we describe a pedigree with HFE which carries a balanced paracentric inversion of chromosome 6, inv(6)(p21.1p23), a rarely reported chromosomal rearrangement in this region. We have determined the inheritance of the chromosome harbouring the inversion, which segregates as an HFE chromosome. Because the HFE locus has been mapped distal to the HLA-F class I locus at 6p21.3, the breakpoints associated with this chromosomal rearrangement may provide a significant genomic landmark for positional cloning of the HFE gene.
A Concurrent Fully-Integrated LNA for W-LAN IEEE 802.11b/g/a Applications (2006)

This paper presents a dual-band concurrent fully-integrated low noise amplifier (LNA) targeted to W-LAN IEEE 802.11b/g/a standards. The use of a concurrent topology enables saving important die area and power consumption compared to the parallel solution that employs two separated LNAs. An original design methodology that helps selecting input/output matching network element values is also presented. The LNA die area is 1.0 times 0.9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and it consumes 9mW (5mA under 1.8V)
An Investigation on the Capillary Wetting of Glass Fiber Tow and Fabric Structures with Nanoclay-Enriched Reactive Epoxy and Silicone Oil Mixtures (2009)

Capillary wetting of a biaxially-oriented glass fabric and the tow comprising the fabric was examined via the Washburn equation with silicone oil and a reactive epoxy-curative system containing 0-4 wt % nanoclay reinforcement. Capillary wetting of silicone oil was used to measure the hydraulic constant of the fabric and tow. The wetting rates for fabric were found to be greater than those for tow and this was based on the larger pore radii of fabric compared to tow. Reynolds and capillary numbers calculated from wetting rate data indicated that the flow is dominated by interfacial tension. The presence of nanoclay offered a significant perturbation to capillary wetting behavior. Wetting rates indicate that the effect of nanoclay is 2-fold: blocking of tow pores and increasing the wetted area. This suggests that nanoclay particles are aggregating and the flow field is such that the particles are not dispersed additionally under the present conditions. Capillary wetting rates of fabric and tow samples were measured with reactive epoxy-amine mixtures at various nanoclay loadings. The presence of nanoclay offers another level of complexity to the Washburn equation. In addition to the liquid/fabric or tow interfacial tension, the interfacial tension of the liquid/nanoclay interface has to be reconciled. As a consequence, hydraulic constant, surface tension, and contact angle are convoluted in such a binary system.
The emergence of resistance to targeted cancer therapeutics (2002)

Drug resistance has always been a concern in cancer treatment, often blamed on the genetic complexity and instability of tumor cells. While studies of cancer cell lines have implicated an array of potential mechanisms, it has been difficult to translate these insights into clinically meaningful improvements in cancer treatment. The successful deployment of molecularly targeted therapeutics in some cancers has led to widespread optimism that this approach will become broadly applicable. Despite their early promise in the clinic, the novel therapeutics are often plagued with the age old problem of acquired drug resistance. Progress in understanding why certain patients respond and why some develop resistance can be made rapidly through studies of the drug target in tumor tissue from patient. One important lesson is that many cancers, even in the most advanced stages, continue to rely on a limited number of critical oncogenic signals for maintenance of the malignant phenotype. This article reviews the mechanisms of drug resistance to a variety of cancer therapeutics and provides an approach for how measures of drug target activity can be incorporated into clinical trial design.
Planar 40-port Slot Array for Healthcare Applications (2021)

In this paper we present a new array of MIMO antennas for energy harvesting and data transmission purposes, especially for 5G and healthcare applications. Each pair of antennas consists of folded slots as a radiating element. To reduce mutual coupling between these elements, a rectangular ring parasitic element is used. The 40-port antenna has dimensions <tex>$220\times 135\ \ \text{cm}^{2}$</tex> and operates at 2.45 GHz. Although the individual antennas are densely packed, all combinations of mutual coupling between ports exhibit better than 12 dB isolation. For initial study, the antennas are fabricated on FR-4 printed-circuit-boards. The proposed antennas are investigated by simulation and validated through measurements.
Imaging a moving target using forward-look synthetic aperture sonar (2000)

Mid-frequency active, surface ship sonar data from a recent shallow-water sea trial have been processed using synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) algorithms. The target of opportunity closed head-on directly toward the surface ship at a relative speed of 13 knots through an acoustic environment that was characterized by a downward refracting sound speed profile in 100-m-depth water over a sand/mud bottom during calm seas. This situation represents an endfire (90-degree squint angle) scenario for which the resolution of any line array (synthetic or real) is considerably degraded relative to the broadside case. The test was not designed for SAS application so the aperture is significantly undersampled. The processing approach utilizes signal adaptive, ping-to-ping correlation autofocusing to correct for the effects of platform and target motion, and for ocean instabilities. The processing is tuned to the specific environment by setting the cross-correlation window size based on the two-way group arrival structure of the channel. The aliasing that results from the undersampled aperture is reduced to acceptable levels through the appropriate use of cross-range matched field processing. Images formed by processing the data from a forward-look synthetic aperture measuring 2200 wavelengths with a mean target distance of 9.5 km are presented.
Evaluation of Sulfide-Driven Autotrophic Denitrification in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (2010)

Evaluation of Sulfide-Driven Autotrophic Denitrification in a Moving Bed Biofilm ReactorWhile the application of alternative substrates in suspended growth processes has been studied extensively, fixed film post denitrification processes have been designed to use primarily low yield substrates like methanol. Autotrophic denitrification using reduced sulfur compounds could be a low yield alternative to conventional heterotrophic denitrification to polish effluent nitrate. Three...Author(s)K. A. BillC. B. BottS. N. MurthySourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 3: MBBR IFASDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2010ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20100101)2010:7L.181;1-DOI10.2175/193864710798208539Volume / Issue2010 / 7Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)181 - 196Copyright2010Word count164Subject keywordsDenitrificationelectron donorexternal carbonmethanolMBBRsulfide
The Effects of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media Produced with Fetal Bovine Serum or Human Platelet Lysate on Skin Rejuvenation Characteristics (2020)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) is produced using mesenchymal stem cell culture technology and has various benefits for the skin, including wrinkle removal, skin regeneration, and increased antioxidant activity. Its popularity is thus increasing in the field of functional cosmetics. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we analyzed the effects of fetal bovine serum-supplemented MSC-CM (FBS- MSC-CM) and human platelet lysate-supplemented MSC-CM (hPL-MSC-CM) on skin rejuvenation characteristics. We found that the concentrations of important growth factors (VEGF, TGF-β1, and HGF) and secretory proteins for skin regeneration were significantly higher in hPL-MSC-CM than in FBS-MSC-CM. Furthermore, the capacity for inducing proliferation of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and keratinocytes, the migration ability of HDF, extracellular matrix (ECM) production such as collagen and elastin was higher in hPL-MSC-CM than that in FBS- MSC-CM. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the usefulness and high economic value of hPL-MSC-CM as an alternative source of FBS-MSC-CM in the cosmetic industry for skin rejuvenation.
Goto Islands Interconnected Long-Distance AC Cable Transmission System (2009)

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