gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network-Coded Multiple Access with High-Order Modulations (2017)

This paper presents the first network-coded multiple access (NCMA) system prototype operated on high-order modulations up to 16-QAM. NCMA jointly exploits physical-layer network coding (PNC) and multiuser decoding (MUD) to boost throughput of multipacket reception systems. Direct generalization of the existing NCMA decoding algorithm, originally designed for BPSK, to high-order modulations, will lead to huge performance degradation. The throughput degradation is caused by the relative phase offset between received signals from different nodes. To circumvent the phase offset problem, this paper investigates an NCMA system with multiple receive antennas at the access point, referred to as MIMO-NCMA. We put forth a low-complexity symbol-level NCMA decoder that, together with MIMO, can substantially alleviate the performance degradation induced by relative phase offset. To demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of MIMO-NCMA for high-order modulations, we implemented our designs on software-defined radio. Our experimental results show that the throughput of QPSK MIMO-NCMA is double that of both BPSK NCMA and QPSK MUD at SNR = 10 dB. For higher signal-to-noise ratios at which 16-QAM can be supported, the throughput of MIMONCMA can be as high as 3.5 times that of BPSK NCMA. Overall, this paper provides an implementable framework for high-order modulated NCMA.
Comparison of 2- and 3-level active filters with enhanced bridge-leg loss distribution (2011)

In this paper an efficiency comparison between 3-phase shunt active filters derived from the 2-level VSC, the 3-level NPC, Active NPC (A-NPC) and the T-type VSC is presented. In order to address the loss distribution issue of the 3-level topologies, while keeping the efficiency of the system high, a space vector modulation scheme incorporating a special clamping of the phase is proposed. It is shown that 3-level active filters can have their losses well distributed over the chip dies, leading to only a small difference in their operating temperatures. Additionally, a semiconductor area based comparison is used to further evaluate the studied active filter systems. Finally, experimental results obtained with a 12kVAr/48kHz 3-level NPC based shunt active filter employing custom SiC power modules are presented in order to demonstrate the performance and feasibility of this solution.
Design of a mobility-support ATM switch (2002)

In a wireless ATM system, a network must provide seamless services to mobile users. To support this, a mobility function should be added to existing ATM networks. Through a handoff operation, a mobile user can receive a service from the network without disconnecting the communication. A handoff results in connection path rerouting during a connection. To avoid cell loss during a handoff, cell buffering and rerouting are required somewhere in the network. A handoff switch is a connection breakdown point on an original connection path in the network from which a new connection sub-path is established. It performs cell buffering and rerouting during a handoff. Cell buffering and rerouting can introduce a cell out-of-sequence problem. We propose a handoff switch architecture with a shared memory. The architecture performs cell buffering and rerouting efficiently by managing logical queues of virtual connections in the shared memory and sorting head-of-line cells for transmission, thus achieving in-sequence cell delivery during a handoff. We also present simulation results to understand the impacts of handoffs on switch performance.
Why the DFT is faster than the FFT for FDTD time-to-frequency domain conversions (1995)

Although it is a time-domain method, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been used extensively for calculating frequency domain parameters such as specific absorption rate, radar cross-section, and S-parameters. When a broad frequency band is of interest, using a broad-band pulsed excitation can provide this frequency response with a single FDTD simulation. The frequency domain data can be calculated from the time domain data using either a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or a fast Fourier transform (FFT). This letter examines both methods and analyzes why the DFT is generally more efficient and easier to use than the FFT for FDTD time-to-frequency domain conversions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of the Beam Polarization Characteristics on Accuracy in Laser Cutting. (1991)

Recently, many kinds of material have been cut by CO2 laser, but the cutting accuracy is variable according to materials such as mild steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy and copper. Some investigations were carried out to elucidate the accuracy in laser cutting. In this report, the polarization characteristics of light are studied. A simple model to show the accuracy concerning polarization was introduced previously, and cutting tests were carried out in order to validate those relations. It was confirmed from this experiment that the reflectivity of material was important for the accuracy, and the reduction of reflectivity improved the accuracy. Moreover, the cutting accuracy could be improved by means of a combination of the condition parameters.
Effect of Intermittent Versus Continuous Low-Dose Aspirin on Nasal Epithelium Gene Expression in Current Smokers: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Trial (2019)

A chemopreventive effect of aspirin (ASA) on lung cancer risk is supported by epidemiologic and preclinical studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded study in current heavy smokers to compare modulating effects of intermittent versus continuous low-dose ASA on nasal epithelium gene expression and arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism. Fifty-four participants were randomized to intermittent (ASA 81 mg daily for one week/placebo for one week) or continuous (ASA 81 mg daily) for 12 weeks. Low-dose ASA suppressed urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGEM; change of -4.55 ± 11.52 from baseline 15.44 ± 13.79 ng/mg creatinine for arms combined, <i>P</i> = 0.02), a surrogate of COX-mediated ARA metabolism, but had minimal effects on nasal gene expression of nasal or bronchial gene-expression signatures associated with smoking, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Suppression of urinary PGEM correlated with favorable changes in a smoking-associated gene signature (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that ASA intervention led to 1,079 enriched gene sets from the Canonical Pathways within the Molecular Signatures Database. In conclusion, low-dose ASA had minimal effects on known carcinogenesis gene signatures in nasal epithelium of current smokers but results in wide-ranging genomic changes in the nasal epithelium, demonstrating utility of nasal brushings as a surrogate to measure gene-expression responses to chemoprevention. PGEM may serve as a marker for smoking-associated gene-expression changes and systemic inflammation. Future studies should focus on NSAIDs or agent combinations with broader inhibition of pro-inflammatory ARA metabolism to shift gene signatures in an anti-carcinogenic direction.
Implementation and Initial Validation of a 100-kW Class Nested-channel Hall Thruster (2014)

Peer Reviewed
Accelerated Epigenetic Aging Is Associated With Multiple Cardiometabolic, Hematologic, and Renal Abnormalities: A Project Baseline Health Substudy (2023)

gov; Unique identifier: NCT03154346.
Major target for UV-induced complete loss of HIV-1 infectivity: A model study of single-stranded RNA enveloped viruses (2022)

Deep ultraviolet light (UV) is useful for the disinfection of microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses. Although genome damage by UV has been widely accepted, the adverse effects of UV on the activity and/or function of viral proteins including the envelope components are poorly documented. Worthy of note, the observed unfavorable UV-effects for viruses are only insufficiently analyzed in association with the reduction in viral infectivity. In this study, we aimed to clarify which component of virions affected by UV significantly correlates with the loss of viral infectivity using HIV-1 as a model for single-stranded RNA enveloped viruses. Using our UV irradiation apparatus at three wavelengths (265, 280, and 300 nm), we first quantitatively determined the UV power density and irradiation period of each wavelength required for a reduction in infectivity. A heat-treated sample as a control drastically reduced the virion-associated reverse transcriptase (RT) activity and Gag-p24 level. The UV-irradiated samples at the three wavelengths, completely lacking viral infectivity, showed p24 levels similar to those without irradiation. While the virion-associated RT activity was gradually decreased in a wavelength and power density dependent manner, this reduction did not explain the loss of viral infectivity by UV. Remarkably, virological assays revealed that the entry efficiency of the UV-irradiated virus samples at the three wavelengths is comparable to those without irradiation. Importantly, this result shows that, even the virions exposed to UV of various wavelengths at the lethal level, still maintain the function of their envelope composed of a host lipid bilayer and viral proteins. In sharp contrast, UV-induced genome damage shown by semiquantitative RT-PCR correlated well with the reduction in viral infectivity, indicating that it is a major determinant for virus inactivation by UV. The degree of damage was found to be distinct among the regions analyzed. This was probably due to the different nucleotide sequences in those genomic regions amplified by PCR. Our data clearly demonstrate a principal mechanism for viral inactivation by UV and provide information contributing to the improvement of UV-based disinfection technology for microorganisms.
Peer mentorship teaches social tools for pain self-management: A case study. (2013)

A peer mentoring approach to chronic pain may help alleviate social isolation in adolescents and result in improvements in a number of associated symptoms.
A cost model and copyright management for 3D digital contents using multilevel complex objects (2000)

The authors discuss multimedia data communications using the Internet from the standpoint of providing services, and propose a cost model based on multilevel complex objects for the purpose of responding to the various needs of users. The proposed cost model creates multiple levels of the service which provide each element of the complex object, and then introduces the concept of “service ranges” that can dynamically vary the service which can be received within the scope of the price paid. Conventional multimedia data can only provide one service. However, the authors' service can be selected dynamically from within a range based on the price paid by the user. In order to evaluate these methods, the authors created a framework which can be applied to 3DCG content using VRML by using Java and OODBMS. In addition, rights such as copyrights that are frequently a part of 3DCG content must be protected. The proposed multilevel complex object can confirm a user's rights by using a built-in user authentication function. Thus, copyright management features that provide services within a service range available to valid users and block out illegal users can be realized. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 31(12): 73–82, 2000
The Dominant Role of Sp1 in Regulating the Cystathionine β-Synthase –1a and –1b Promoters Facilitates Potential Tissue-specific Regulation by Kruppel-like Factors (2004)

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) catalyzes the condensation of serine with homocysteine to form cystathionine and occupies a crucial regulatory position between the methionine cycle and transsulfuration. The human cystathionine beta-synthase gene promoters -1a and -1b are expressed in a limited number of tissues and are coordinately regulated with proliferation through a redox-sensitive mechanism. Site-directed mutagenesis, DNase I footprinting and deletion analysis of 5276 bp of 5' proximal -1b flanking sequence revealed that this region does not confer tissue-specific expression and that 210 bp of proximal sequence is sufficient for maximal promoter activity. As little as 32 bp of the -1b proximal promoter region is capable of driving transcription in HepG2 cells, and this activity is entirely dependent upon the presence of a single overlapping Sp1/Egr1 binding site. Co-transfection studies in Drosophila SL2 cells indicated that both promoters are transactivated by Sp1 and Sp3 but only the -1b promoter is subject to a site-specific synergistic regulatory interaction between Sp1 and Sp3. Sp1-deficient fibroblasts expressing both Sp3 and NF-Y were negative for CBS activity. Transfection of these cells with a mammalian Sp1 expression construct induced high levels of CBS activity indicating that Sp1 has a critical and indispensable role in the regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase. Sp1 binding to both CBS promoters is sensitive to proliferation status and is negatively regulated by Kruppel-like factors in co-transfection experiments suggesting a possible mechanism for the tissue specific regulation of cystathionine beta-synthase.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azabicycloalkane Amino Acid Scaffolds as Reverse‐Turn Inducer Dipeptide Mimics. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Surfactants Based on 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐(Methylthio)Butanoic Acid: 1. Anionic Surfactants (2015)

Abstract 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) is a commonly used animal feed additive available in large quantities. In this study, anionic surfactants were synthesized utilizing HMTBA as a starting material. Specifically, a straight‐chain fatty acid containing 12 or 16 carbon atoms was attached to the hydroxyl group via esterification. After neutralization of the carboxylic acid with sodium, the molecules behave as anionic surfactants. Oxidation of the sulfur atom can be performed to further increase water solubility. The molecules exhibit critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), and lower the surface tension to 35–45 mN/m at the CMC. The derivatives have low Krafft points (&lt;4 °C) and good wetting performance. The hardness tolerance of the ester made from dodecanoic acid is ∼2.5–4 orders of magnitude higher than an analogous carboxylate surfactant, namely sodium dodecanoate. Foam created according to the Ross‐Miles foam test is substantial, but dissipates quickly as compared to other anionic surfactants.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Trifunctional Perfluorophenyl Azide‐Based Photoactivatable Reagents. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface attachment of well-defined redox-active polymers and block polymers via terminal functional groups (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface attachment of well-defined redox-active polymers and block polymers via terminal functional groupsD. Albagli, G. C. Bazan, R. R. Schrock, and M. S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 16, 7328–7334Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00069a035Request reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (787 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In situ probing of magnetic parameter variations of nickel zinc ferrites during microwave H heating (2006)

Changes in magnetic parameters of nickel zinc ferrite (NZF) ceramics have been monitored in situ during microwave H heating using an indigenous technique developed in the laboratory. The technique utilizes the concept based on combining a small measurement signal with a high power-processing signal, which permits a study on materials heated either in an electric or in a magnetic field of a TM103 single mode cavity. Coupling and decoupling of these two signals are suggested by the use of a simple arrangement. Experimental results obtained on various compositions of NZF ceramics up to 1200°C are presented. The results indicate that the higher zinc end compositions of the ferrites demonstrate the phenomenon of decrystallization under the influence of microwave H.
Near-field scanning optical microscopy of photonic crystal high-Q nanocavities (2003)

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) was used to observe high-resolution images of planar photonic crystal nanocavities fabricated in active InGaAsP material. We have observed the smallest optical cavity modes and dielectric band modes.
Plasma Experiment for Planetary Exploration (PEPE) on DS1 (2002)

The Plasma Experiment for Planetary Exploration, PEPE, is a space plasma energy, angle, and mass/charge spectrometer now taking data aboard the Deep Space 1 (DS1) spacecraft. PEPE required several advanced technologies and specialized construction techniques to meet its targeted cost, schedule, mass, power, and volume reductions compared to previous plasma sensor packages such as the NASA Cassini mission Plasma Spectrometer. It was designed to validate technologies and techniques for these resource savings so that future plasma instrumentation can use fewer resources and continue to have frequent access to space. PEPE was also designed to monitor the effect that the ion engine on DS1 has on the spacecraft environment and determine the impact of ion engines on future scientific instrumentation and measurements. PEPE has produced both high quality data and science, fully demonstrating that its new technologies can produce a viable instrument compatible with an ion propelled spacecraft.
Modulation of interferon-specific gene expression by albumin-interferon-alpha in interferon-alpha-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis C. (2006)

Albumin-interferon-alpha (alb-IFN) is a novel recombinant protein derived from IFN-alpha2b genetically fused to human albumin. The resulting single polypeptide combines in one molecule the antiviral properties of IFN-alpha with the long serum half-life of albumin. IFN-mediated biological responses stem from the engagement of IFN-alpha with its target receptor and subsequent modulation of IFN-specific gene (ISG) expression. To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of alb-IFN during the Phase I/II study conducted in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) who had previously failed IFN-alpha-containing regimens, ISG induction was evaluated in peripheral blood and compared with antiviral response. Whole blood was obtained at day 0, day 7 and day 28 from 21 patients enrolled in the higher dose (500-900 microg) alb-IFN cohort, who received two injections on day 0 and day 14. Taqman real-time PCR was used to assess candidate ISG expression. There was sustained induction on day 7 and day 28 of the ISG's OAS1, IRF-7, IFI44 and IFI27. Although all patients showed a molecular response to alb-IFN, individual variability in pretreatment gene expression levels and fold of modulation during treatment was observed. At day 28, induction of OAS1, IFI44 and IRF7 showed pairwise correlation in individual patients (P < 0.05). Moreover, the induction of expression at day 28, and pretreatment levels of OAS1 and IFI44 correlated with hepatitis C virus RNA reduction at day 28 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, alb-IFN demonstrated robust induction of ISG that was consistent with the response associated with an IFN-alpha.
Synthesis and Characterization of N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-Methacrylamide (HPMA) Copolymer-Emetine Conjugates (1998)

The plant alkaloid emetine has considerable potential as an antitumor agent, but early attempts to develop the compound clinically failed due to unacceptable dose limiting toxicity and poorly reproducible results. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of novel N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer conjugates containing emetine. The drug was linked to the polymer via biodegradable (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly) and non-degradable (Gly-Gly) peptidyl linkers. HPMA-Gly-Gly emetine conjugate was found to contain 8% (w/w) of bound emetine, while emetine loading of HPMA-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-emetine was found to be 19% (w/w). Due to the change in cellular pharmacokinetics, polymer conjugates are invariably less toxic than free drug, in vitro and HPMA copolymer-emetine conjugates were no exception. Conjugates containing the biodegradable Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly linker displayed an IC 50 of 90 μg/mL towards L1210 leukemia cells which is 225 less toxic than free emetine (IC 50 = 0.4 μg/mL). Against B16F10 melanoma the conjugate was 60 times less toxic than free drug (IC 50 of 300 and 5 μg/mL respectively). In contrast, the conjugate containing a non-biodegradable (Gly-Gly) linker showed very low or no activity in vitro. Although the conjugates showed no significant effect on the rate of tumor growth, the HPMA-Gly-Gly-emetine prodrug had a significant effect on the survival time of animals bearing L1210 tumors. Here we describe the first polymer conjugates containing emetine. Further studies are warranted to document the spectrum of antitumor activity, dose-limiting toxicity and pharmacokinetics of HPMA copolymer-emetine in vivo.
BamQuery: a proteogenomic tool for the genome-wide exploration of the immunopeptidome (2022)

ABSTRACT MHC-I-associated peptides (MAPs) derive from selective yet highly diverse genomic regions, including allegedly non-protein-coding sequences, such as endogenous retroelements (EREs). Quantifying canonical (exonic) and non-canonical MAPs-encoding RNA expression in malignant and benign cells is critical for identifying tumor antigens (TAs) but represents a challenge for immunologists. We present BamQuery, a computational tool attributing an exhaustive RNA expression to MAPs of any origin (exon, intron, UTR, intergenic) from bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data. We show that non-canonical MAPs (including TAs) can derive from multiple different genomic regions (up to 35,343 for EREs), abundantly expressed in normal tissues. We also show that supposedly tumor-specific mutated MAPs, viral MAPs, and MAPs derived from proteasomal splicing can arise from different unmutated non-canonical genomic regions. The genome-wide approach of BamQuery allows comprehensive mapping of all MAPs in healthy and cancer tissues. BamQuery can also help predict MAP immunogenicity and identify safe and actionable TAs.