gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Follicular regulatory T cells produce neuritin to regulate B cells. (2021)

Regulatory T cells prevent the emergence of autoantibodies and excessive IgE, but the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that BCL6-expressing Tregs, known as follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells, produce abundant neuritin protein that targets B cells. Mice lacking Tfr cells or neuritin in Foxp3-expressing cells accumulated early plasma cells in germinal centers (GCs) and developed autoantibodies against histones and tissue-specific self-antigens. Upon immunization, these mice also produced increased plasma IgE and IgG1. We show that neuritin is taken up by B cells, causes phosphorylation of numerous proteins, and dampens IgE class switching. Neuritin reduced differentiation of mouse and human GC B cells into plasma cells, downregulated BLIMP-1, and upregulated BCL6. Administration of neuritin to Tfr-deficient mice prevented the accumulation of early plasma cells in GCs. Production of neuritin by Tfr cells emerges as a central mechanism to suppress B cell-driven autoimmunity and IgE-mediated allergies.Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 33711260
Mineralomimetic host–guest chemistry: the encapsulation of [M+⊂[2.2.2]cryptate] (M = Na, K) by saddle shaped Ni(ii) macrocycles (2002)

The complex [M⊂[2.2.2]cryptate][CB11H12][Ni(TMTAA)]3, M = K, Na shows a range of supramolecular interactions to form a mineralomimetic structure corresponding to that of perovskite.
Time-Efficient Myocardial Contrast Partition Coefficient Measurement from Early Enhancement with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2014)

The time-efficient two-point method at 6-8 minutes after the Gd-DTPA bolus injection exhibited good agreement with the multi-point regression method and can be applied for accurate lambda measurement in normal myocardium.
Detection of Novel-Type Brute Force Attacks Used Ephemeral Springboard IPs as CamouflageDetection of Novel-Type Brute Force Attacks Used Ephemeral Springboard IPs as Camouflage (2014)

In recent years, the way of brute force attacks has become more tactical and tricky to avoid being detected by intrusion detection or prevention systems (IDS/IPS). In this paper, we show that we have detected three organized or systematic brute force attack instances from actual network monitoring logs by visualization focused on source IPs and detection time. One of the instances shows that specific terminals have been attacked used innumerable IPs for a long time. These IPs were like ephemeral because they had appeared almost only one time. We also propose a new system, DEMITASSE, for detecting such terminals in the earlier phase and mitigating the damage caused by brute force attacks used ephemeral IPs. We conduct feasibility studies with our logs and evaluate DEMITASSE can detect and mitigate that kind of attacks effectively.
Effect of High Temperature Exposure on the Microstructure of Waspaloy (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
A 0.26% BER, 1028 Challenge-Response Machine-Learning Resistant Strong-PUF in 14nm CMOS Featuring Stability-Aware Adversarial Challenge Selection (2020)

A 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">28</sup> challenge-response strong-PUF in 14nm CMOS, demonstrates machine learning (ML) attack resistance across 6-million training samples. The 2-stage non-linear cascaded PUF array with adversarial challenge selection limits ML attack accuracy to ~50%. The configurable cross-coupled inverter-based entropy source with stability-aware challenge pruning enables 9.8× higher array density and 0.26% peak BER across 650-850mV and 0-100°C.
Is Neuraxial Clonidine a Safer Alternative to Opioids for Chronic Pain? An Alternative Worth Exploring (2020)

Objective: Exploring the potential role of clonidine as an alternative to the currently available neuraxial medication options for the management of chronic pain. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted investigating the treatment of chronic pain using clonidine over the past 73 years. A stepwise filtering approach was used to obtain articles addressing neuraxial treatment of chronic pain in adults. Selected articles were assessed for their levels of evidence followed by a discussion of their contribution to the understanding of the role of clonidine in chronic pain management. Results: Out of 1,035 articles that described the administration of clonidine for chronic pain management, seven articles met all of the inclusion criteria. Their levels of evidence ranged from 1a to 4 (Oxford Centre CEBM). Neuraxial administration of clonidine was found to be effective in the treatment of chronic pain, often exhibiting a synergistic effect with other analgesics to provide pain reduction with reduced opioid use. The most common side effect was hypotension, in some cases reported to have been serious. Conclusion: The use of neuraxial clonidine, in either a primary or adjunctive role, appears promising as an effective treatment for chronic pain.
178 Phase 2 trial of induction therapy with anti-CD20 (Rituximab) followed by maintenance therapy with anti-BAFF (Belimumab) in patients with active lupus nephritis (2019)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite case series suggesting efficacy, controlled trials of anti-CD20 in lupus and lupus nephritis (LN) have not meet their primary endpoints (Arthritis Rheum 2012;64:1215 and 2013;65:2368). A potential explanation is the observation that serum BAFF levels are elevated after treatment with rituximab and may lead to disease flare by facilitating maturation of and re-population with autoreactive B cells. The CALIBRATE study (NCT 02260934) was designed to test this hypothesis, to determine whether addition of anti-BAFF (belimumab) could enhance the clinical effects of anti-CD20 (rituximab), and assess safety of the combination. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-three patients with active LN despite conventional treatment were enrolled in a prospective randomized open-label trial that compared two therapeutic strategies. All subjects received iv rituximab (1000 mg), CTX (750 mg), and methylprednisolone (100 mg) at wks 0 and 2, followed by 40 mg/d prednisone with taper to 10 mg/d by wk 12. At wk 4, subjects were randomized to belimumab (10 mg/kg iv at wks 4, 6, 8 and then every 4 wks) plus prednisone (n=21) (RCB) or prednisone alone (RC) (n=22). Complete response (CR) was defined as: (i) urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR) &lt;0.5; (ii) eGFR 120 or, if &lt;120, eGFR &gt;80% of screening; and (iii) prednisone dose of 10 mg/d. Partial response (PR) differed only in the UPCR criterion (&gt;50% reduction). <h3>Results</h3> The clinical outcome at wk 48 was similar in both groups: CR was 38% in the belimumab group (RCB) and 32% in the control group (RC). The frequency of subjects with serious infections was also similar between groups. B cell depletion occurred in both groups by wk 12, but the pace of repopulation was delayed in the RCB group. However, median IgG levels remained within the normal range in both groups. Mechanistic analyses of circulating B cells at week 48 showed differences in the relative proportions of B cell subpopulations between RC and RCB groups and fewer ANA +B cells in the RCB group (figure 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Treatment with anti-BAFF following anti-CD20 did not improve clinical outcome at week 48; (ii) anti-BAFF delayed blood B cell reconstitution following B cell depletion; (iii) anti-BAFF following anti-CD20 was not associated with hypogammaglobulinemia or an increase in serious infections and (iv) the reconstituted B cell populations differed between the RCB and RC groups. Further analyses at 96 weeks will address how anti-BAFF therapy affects quantitative and qualitative recovery of B cells as well as long-term clinical outcome. <h3>Funding Source(s):</h3> Conducted by ITN with support from NIAID (UM1AI109565) and Genentech.
Facile Synthesis of Micro-Mesoporous Copper Phyllosilicate Supported on a Commercial Carrier and Its Application for Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitro-Group in Trinitrobenzene (2022)

Development of novel Cu-based catalysts has become one of the frontiers in the catalytic production of platform chemicals and in environment protection. However, the known methods of their synthesis are too complicated and result in materials that cannot be used instantly as commercial catalysts. In the present work, a novel material has been synthesized by the facile method of deposition-precipitation using thermal hydrolysis of urea. The conditions for Cu phyllosilicate formation have been revealed (molar ratio urea:copper = 10, 92 °C, 8-11 h). The prepared Cu-based materials were studied by TG-DTA, SEM, TEM, XRD, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption and TPR-H<sub>2</sub> methods, and it was found that the material involves nanoparticles of micro-mesoporous copper phyllosilicate phase with a chrysocolla-like structure inside the pores of a commercial meso-macroporous silica carrier. The chrysocolla-like phase is first shown to be catalytically active in the selective reduction of the nitro-group in trinitrobenzene to an amino-group with molecular hydrogen. Complete conversion of trinitrobenzene with a high yield of amines has been achieved in short time under relatively mild conditions (170 °C, 1.3 MPa) of nitroarene hydrogenation over a copper catalyst.
X-Ray metrology of nanowire/ nanosheet FETs for advanced technology nodes (2020)

The three-dimensional architectures for field effect transistors (FETs) with vertical stacking of Gate-all-Around Nanowires provide a pathway to increased device density and superior electrical performance. However, the transition from research into manufacturing will only be successful if their feature shape, critical dimensions, and associated electrical performance are repeatable across the integrated circuit, across the wafer, and among multiple wafers. Patterning process control for these structures will require significant advances in metrology. Two techniques that are potential candidates for this purpose are Mueller Matrix Spectroscopic Ellipsometry based Scatterometry (MMSEscatterometry) and Critical Dimension Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (CDSAXS). In this work, we highlight the characterization of the Nanowire Test Structures fabricated from patterned Si/Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub>/Si/Si<sub>x</sub>Ge1-x/Si/Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub>/Si structures using CDSAXS. Preliminary experimental data shows sensitivity to the selective etching of subsurface SixGe1- x. CDSAXS diffraction data provides information in reciprocal space about line shape and periodicity as well as the amount of subsurface etching. Side lobes in the Intensity vs. Q<sub>z</sub> (structure height) data are observed around Qz positions of around 0.15 nm<sup>-1</sup> and 0.5 nm<sup>-1</sup> and are at the same positions in the measured and the simulated data for different amounts of Si<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1-x</sub> etch in the Nanowire Test Structures. This demonstrates its ability for successful measurement of the critical dimensions and 3D profile of the Nanowire Test Structures, which can then be extended to monitor several key process steps for Nanowire/Nanosheet FET fabrication.
Ultra-High Extinction Ratio and Low Cross Talk Characteristics of 4-Array Integrated SOA Module with Novel Wavelength-Insensitive Parallel Optical Coupling Scheme (2013)

We have designed and fabricated a compact 4-array integrated SOA module using a novel parallel optical coupling scheme and polarization-insensitive built-in array isolators. We achieved ultra-high On/Off extinction ratio of more than 60dB and low cross talk of better than -60dB as well as high-isolation of over 47dB in wide wavelength ranges. We also developed a wavelength-insensitive parallel optical coupling scheme and an efficient thermal dissipating structure for a 4-array SOA module. We applied these technologies into 4-array SOA module fabrication and demonstrated a uniform optical coupling with the loss variance of 1dB over the 140-nm wavelength ranges. We also demonstrated simultaneous operation of 300mA × 4 channels with low thermal degradation of the module gain less than 1dB.
Antibody to Granulocyte Macrophage Colony–stimulating Factor Reduces the Number of Activated Tissue Macrophages and Improves Left Ventricular Function After Myocardial Infarction in a Rat Coronary Artery Ligation Model (2011)

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes infarct expansion and inappropriate collagen synthesis in a myocardial infarction (MI). This study was designed to determine if treatment with anti-GM-CSF will inhibit macrophage migration, preserve function, and limit left ventricular (LV) remodeling in the rat coronary artery ligation model. Treatment with a monoclonal antibody to GM-CSF (5 mg/kg) was initiated 24 hours before coronary artery ligation and continued every 3 days for 3 weeks. Left coronary arteries of rats were ligated, animals were recovered, and cardiac function was evaluated 3 weeks postligation. Tissue samples were processed for histochemistry. Anti-GM-CSF treatment increased LV ejection fraction (37 ± 3% vs 47 ± 5%) and decreased LV end systolic diameter (0.75 ± 0.12 vs 0.59 ± 0.05 cm) with no changes in LV systolic pressure (109 ± 4 vs 104 ± 5 mm Hg), LV end diastolic pressure (22 ± 4 vs 21 ± 2 mm Hg), LV end diastolic diameter (0.96 ± 0.04 vs 0.92 ± 0.05 cm), or the time constant of LV relaxation tau (25.4 ± +2.4 vs 22.7 ± 1.4 milliseconds) (P < 0.05). Significantly lower numbers of tissue macrophages and significant reductions in infarct size were found in the myocardium of antibody-treated animals (81 ± 21.24 vs 195 ± 31.7 positive cells per 0.105 mm, compared with controls. These findings suggest that inhibition of macrophage migration may be beneficial in the treatment of heart failure after MI.
Modeling a scrubber using feed-forward neural networks (1999)

Mathematical modeling in the pulp and paper industry is largely based on physical models that contain many empirical correlations and assumptions. A technique that can complement these physical models, and that does not require simplifying assumptions, is a neural network. Neural networks can be used to model systems where physical models are not available or to improve existing physical models with various techniques of hybrid modeling. Such models have an advantage of the robustness of physical models combined with the higher accuracies offered by empirical techniques such as neural networks. Most systems in paper drying are quite nonlinear and are often too complicated to be accurately described with physical models. Neural networks are powerful tools that can solve a variety of nonlinear modeling problems. Using an example of a scrubber, this paper illustrates the versatility of this technique. Neural networks were used to predict the optimum operational conditions in designing a scrubber for heat recovery from paper machines. In this study, feed-forward neural networks are applied to estimate the outlet water temperature of the scrubber process. The networks are trained with data obtained from experiments carried out on two pilot scrubbers. The accuracy of the neural network model is significantly higher than that of the physical model. Application : the neural network is very useful when the physical phenomena of the process are unknown or too complex to be solved with a physical model.
Variation of SCM/NAND Flash Hybrid SSD Performance, Reliability and Cost by Using Different SSD Configurations and Error Correction Strengths (2016)

Storage-Class Memory (SCM) and NAND flash hybrid Solid-State Drive (SSD) has advantages of high performance and low power consumption compared with NAND flash only SSD. In this paper, first, three SSD configurations are investigated. Three different SCMs are used with 0.1 µs, 1 µs and 10 µs read/write latencies, respectively, and the required SCM/NAND flash capacity ratios are analyzed to maintain the same SSD performance. Next, by using the three SSD configurations, the variation of SSD reliability, performance and cost are analyzed by changing error correction strengths. The SSD reliability of acceptable SCM and NAND flash Bit Error Rates (BERs) is limited by achieving specified SSD performance with error correction, and/or limited by SCM and NAND flash parity size and SSD cost. Lastly, the SSD replacement cost is also analyzed by considering the limitation of NAND flash write/erase cycles. The purpose of this paper is to provide a design guideline for obtaining high performance, highly reliable and cost-effective SCM/NAND hybrid structure SSD with ECC.
Functional and Metabolic Effects of Adaptive Glycerol Kinase (GLPK) Mutants in Escherichia coli (2011)

Herein we measure the effect of four adaptive non-synonymous mutations to the glycerol kinase (glpK) gene on catalytic function and regulation, to identify changes that correlate to increased fitness in glycerol media. The mutations significantly reduce affinity for the allosteric inhibitor fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) and formation of the tetramer, which are structurally related, in a manner that correlates inversely with imparted fitness during growth on glycerol, which strongly suggests that these enzymatic parameters drive growth improvement. Counterintuitively, the glpK mutations also increase glycerol-induced auto-catabolite repression that reduces glpK transcription in a manner that correlates to fitness. This suggests that increased specific GlpK activity is attenuated by negative feedback on glpK expression via catabolite repression, possibly to prevent methylglyoxal toxicity. We additionally report that glpK mutations were fixed in 47 of 50 independent glycerol-adapted lineages. By far the most frequently mutated locus (nucleotide 218) was mutated in 20 lineages, strongly suggesting this position has an elevated mutation rate. This study demonstrates that fitness correlations can be used to interrogate adaptive processes at the protein level and to identify the regulatory constraints underlying selection and improved growth.
A novel orally bioavailable compound KPT-9274 inhibits PAK4, and blocks triple negative breast cancer tumor growth (2017)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of several subtypes. Among these subtypes, triple negative breast cancer is particularly difficult to treat. This is due to a lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind the disease, and consequently a lack of druggable targets. PAK4 plays critical roles in cell survival, proliferation, and morphology. PAK4 protein levels are high in breast cancer cells and breast tumors, and the gene is often amplified in basal like breast cancers, which are frequently triple negative. PAK4 is also overexpressed in other types of cancer, making it a promising drug target. However, its inhibition is complicated by the fact that PAK4 has both kinase-dependent and -independent functions. Here we investigate a new clinical compound KPT-9274, which has been shown to inhibit PAK4 and NAMPT. We find that KPT-9274 (and its analog, KPT-8752) can reduce the steady state level of PAK4 protein in triple negative breast cancer cells. These compounds also block the growth of the breast cancer cells in vitro, and stimulate apoptosis. Most importantly, oral administration of KPT-9274 reduces tumorigenesis in mouse models of human triple negative breast cancer. Our results indicate that KPT-9274 is a novel therapeutic option for triple negative breast cancer therapy.
On the Error Structure of Impedance Measurements (2003)

A framework is presented for characterizing the statistical properties of frequency-domain measurements. The correlation between the variance in the complex impedance and the variances in the complex current and voltage are examined by means of a Taylor series expansion for the impedance. Both sufficient-only and necessary and sufficient conditions for equality of the variances of real and imaginary impedance are identified and verified using stochastic simulations of techniques commonly employed in frequency-domain measurements. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Abstract 4246: Enhanced anti-vascular and anti-tumor effects upon combination therapy with aflibercept (VEGF Trap) and other anti-angiogenic drugs (2011)

Abstract Experimental and clinical development of anti-angiogenic drugs to date has mostly focused on the VEGF pathway, although other signaling pathways, including Dll4-Notch and Angiopoietin-Tie, are now also being explored. Targeting one pathway, however, might not result in maximum anti-vascular and anti-tumor effects. In this study, we compared the rapid effects on tumor perfusion of single agent blockade of VEGF, Dll4 or Ang2 to the effects of combined therapy (VEGF blockade plus either Dll4 or Ang2 blockade), and compared long-term tumor growth responses to these early effects on tumor perfusion. Using aflibercept (VEGF Trap) alone and in combination with a blocking Dll4 antibody or a blocking Ang2 antibody, we compared various tumors with a wide range of long-term growth responses to each agent: C6 rat glioma tumors, HT1080 human fibrosarcoma and Colo205 human colon carcinoma tumors, all grown subcutaneously in SCID/CB17 mice. Tumor vascular perfusion was assessed using contrast-enhanced micro-ultrasound at 24 and 72 hr after treatment. We found that aflibercept treatment rapidly decreased vascular perfusion in C6 (59% after 24 hr) and Colo205 (32%) tumors, whereas there was no decrease observed in HT1080 tumors. These changes in perfusion correlated with long-term tumor growth inhibition upon aflibercept treatment. Dll4 blockade resulted in decreased vascular perfusion in C6 (30% after 24 hr), Colo205 (77%), and HT1080 (54%) tumors, which again correlated with long-term growth inhibition of the different tumors. Treatment with an anti-Ang2 antibody produced a slight decrease in perfusion of Colo205 tumors (13% after 24 hr), associated with a decrease in tumor growth. However, combination treatments with aflibercept plus either anti-Dll4 or anti-Ang2 antibodies were more potent in all tumor types compared to single agent treatments at reducing tumor perfusion as well as inhibiting long-term tumor growth. Taken together, these data show that changes in tumor perfusion correlate with long-term tumor responses to combination treatment of aflibercept plus either anti-Dll4 or anti-Ang2 antibody suggesting that decreases in tumor perfusion could be an early biomarker predictive of response to anti-angiogenic therapies. Measuring the increased effectiveness of combination therapy in patients treated with different anti-angiogenic drugs may facilitate the improvement of current treatment regimens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4246. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4246