gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusely Abnormal White Matter in Chronic Multiple Sclerosis (2009)

This study classifies DAWM in chronic MS as an abnormality that is different from normal-appearing WM and focal WM lesions, most likely resulting from the cumulative effects of ongoing inflammation and axonal pathology. As such, DAWM is likely to substantially contribute to disease progression and may prove to be an important new disease marker in clinical trials focusing on the neurodegenerative aspects of MS.
FOREWORD (2014)

The IEICE Technical Committee on Software Radio has been contributing to the research and development for effective utilization of frequency spectrum from the academic side. Radio spectrum is becoming exhausted because of the growing demands for wireless broadband communications. Spectrum white space is expected to be a powerful solution for the spectrum scarcity problem. The utilization of spectrum white space still requires solving many issues including spectrum sensing schemes, medium access control designs, or white space database systems. This special section has been prepared to further promote the fundamental technologies for the spectrum white space and provides useful information to researchers in this area.
Tortuosity Measurement and the Effects of Finite Pulse Widths on Xenon Gas Diffusion NMR Studies of Porous Media (2002)

We have extended the utility of NMR as a technique to probe porous media structure over length scales of ~ 100 - 2000 micron by using the spin 1/2 noble gas 129Xe imbibed into the system's pore space. Such length scales are much greater than can be probed with NMR diffusion studies of water-saturated porous media. We utilized Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo NMR measurements of the time-dependent diffusion coefficient, D(t) of the xenon gas filling the pore space to study further the measurements of both the surface area-pore volume ratio, S/Vp, and the tortuosity (pore connectivity) of the medium. In uniform-size glass bead packs, we observed D(t) decreasing with increasing t, reaching an observed asymptote of ~ 0.62 - 0.65D0, that could be measured over diffusion distances extending over multiple bead diameters. Measurements of D(t)/D0 at differing gas pressures showed this tortuosity limit was not affected by changing the characteristic diffusion length of the spins during the diffusion encoding gradient pulse. This was not the case at the short time limit, where D(t)/D0 was noticeably affected by the gas pressure in the sample. Increasing the gas pressure, and hence reducing D0 and the diffusion during the gradient pulse served to reduce the previously observed deviation of D(t)/D0 from the S/Vp relation. The Pade approximation is used to interpolate between the long and short time limits in D(t). While the short time D(t) point lay above the interpolation line in the case of small beads, due to diffusion during the gradient pulse on the order of the pore size, it was also noted that the experimental D(t) data fell below the Pade line in the case of large beads, most likely due to finite size effects.
A CMOS-compatible 24MHz poly-SiGe MEMS oscillator with low-power heating for frequency stabilization over temperature (2011)

MEMS based timing devices have been proposed as an alternative to Quartz systems for certain applications. Through using an oven-controlled system it is possible to stabilize the frequency response of such a MEMS system over a large ambient temperature range. This work presents a BAW MEMS resonator in poly-SiGe which achieves significantly lower power consumption for frequency stabilization over temperature through Joule heating than for a similar system in SOI, while showing promising phase noise performance in an oscillator setup. Since the poly-SiGe resonator can be processed on top of standard CMOS, this enables the possibility of full integration of an Oven-Controlled MEMS Oscillator.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and an RAR?? Specific Agonist, VTP195183, Synergize to Enhance the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (2007)

VTP195183 treatment increases the numbers of immature granulocyte progenitors in BM and subsequently synergizes to enhance G-CSF-mediated mobilization of HSPC. These data demonstrate a novel approach to improve G-CSF-induced mobilization by accelerating granulocyte maturation in the BM. These findings are currently being tested in a clinical trial of VTP195183 plus G-CSF for mobilization of HSPC in human patients.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Air-Ground Channel Characterization for Future Applications (2015)

Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) are being used increasingly worldwide. These systems will operate in conditions that differ from conventional piloted aircraft, and this implies that the airground (AG) channel for UASs can differ significantly from the traditional, simple, AG channel models. After providing some background and motivation, we describe the AG channel features and our efforts in measuring and modeling the AG channel. Some example measurement and model results-for the path loss and the Ricean K-factor-are provided to illustrate some of the interesting AG channel characteristics that are still being investigated.
Tumor Antigens are Constitutively Presented in the Draining Lymph Nodes (1999)

Tumor growth is rarely associated with a strong specific CTL response, suggesting that the immune system is ignorant of the presence of tumor because the Ags are not readily available to or are sequestered from potential effector cells. We studied the in vivo activation of naive TCR transgenic hemagglutinin (HA)-specific CD8+ T cells adoptively transferred into mice bearing HA-expressing tumor using 5,6-carboxy-succinimidyl-fluorescein-ester labeling, which allows the identification of proliferating HA-specific T cells. We demonstrate that tumor Ags are constitutively presented in the lymph nodes draining tumors and are powerfully mitogenic for responding T cells despite the absence of anti-tumor CTL responses. Importantly, this proliferative signal occurs throughout tumor growth and is still detectable 6 mo after tumor inoculation when tumor is not palpable. These results provide the first evidence that there is constitutive presentation of tumor Ags in draining lymph nodes.
Y-Architecture for the integration of autonomous components (2002)

The Y architecture, which provides a platform for the support of cooperative applications in a heterogeneous, open distributed computing environment, is presented. Y design concepts include domains for the structuring of the environment and the grouping of components, a service concept for the description of component functions and interfaces, and an extended client/server paradigm, which defines the roles of application and infrastructure entities. The Y architecture identifies four planes comprising distributed applications, the support environment, interprocess communication, and the interconnected networks. Y is designed for large distributed systems and intelligent networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
(Do Not) Track Me Sometimes: Users’ Contextual Preferences for Web Tracking (2015)

Abstract Online trackers compile profiles on users for targeting ads, customizing websites, and selling users’ information. In this paper, we report on the first detailed study of the perceived benefits and risks of tracking-and the reasons behind them-conducted in the context of users’ own browsing histories. Prior work has studied this in the abstract; in contrast, we collected browsing histories from and interviewed 35 people about the perceived benefits and risks of online tracking in the context of their own browsing behavior. We find that many users want more control over tracking and think that controlled tracking has benefits, but are unwilling to put in the effort to control tracking or distrust current tools. We confirm previous findings that users’ general attitudes about tracking are often at odds with their comfort in specific situations. We also identify specific situational factors that contribute to users’ preferences about online tracking and explore how and why. Finally, we examine a sample of popular tools for controlling tracking and show that they only partially address the situational factors driving users’ preferences.We suggest opportunities to improve such tools, and explore the use of a classifier to automatically determine whether a user would be comfortable with tracking on a particular page visit; our results suggest this is a promising direction for future work.
315 Load Dynamics of the Joints on Nordic Walking with the change of the angle of inclination (2012)

There are few studies focused on the various joint loads for NW. Therefore, as for examining having joint load reduction effect or not of the NW, it is with an important element judging the right or wrong of the application to everyday life of the NW for patients with joint disease and young people.The purpose of this study is to compare the joint load (lumbar spine, hip, knee and ankle joints) for NW to ordinary walking (OW) on a level surface and for going up and down hill. Standard 3D inverse dynamics was used to calculate joint force and joint moment in the lower limb joints. On level ground, NW had a load reduction effect on the hip compression and shear force, the knee compression and shear force, ankle shear force. Going up hill, NW had a load reduction effect on the hip compression force and knee shear force, ankle shear force. Going down hill, NW had a load reduction effect on the hip compression and shear force, the knee compression and shear force, ankle shear force.
Pleural dye marking using radial endobronchial ultrasound combined with virtual bronchoscopy before minimal invasive sublobar lung resection (2017)

<b>Introduction:</b> Surgical resection of pulmonary nodules with minimally invasive techniques is challenging as the procedures have decreased the ability to palpate the lung in comparison with open thoracotomy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of pleural dye marking using radial-EBUS (r-EBUS) combined with virtual bronchoscopy (VB) to help minimally invasive resection of small peripheral lung nodule (SPLN) or ground glass opacities (GGOs). <b>Methods:</b> Both bronchial path to nodule (LungPoint Software®) and sub-pleural methylene blue deposition were performed in the operating room immediately before minimally invasive surgery. A 4 mm fiberscope with a 2mm working channel, 1.4 mm r-EBUS probe and guide sheath were used under general anesthesia without fluoroscopy guidance, in a patient on operating position. One ml of methylene blue was inserted into the guide sheath at the end of the procedure. <b>RESULTS:</b> 15 sublobar nodule resections were performed in 13 patients including 4 GGOs. Median nodule’s greatest diameter was 8 mm (4 to 15 mm, 14 nodules &lt; 10mm). Median distance to pleura was 10 mm (2 to 27 mm). No complication due to dye marking was reported. Seven patients (54%) underwent Video Assisted thoracic surgery and 6 patients underwent Robotic Assisted thoracic surgery. No conversion to open thoracotomy was needed. The dye was seen on the pleural surface and allowed easy localisation of the lesion in 14/15 cases. Histological diagnosis and free margin resection were obtained in each case. <b>Conclusion:</b> r-EBUS combined with VB allows dye localization of SPLN before minimally invasive resection.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF KASUGAMYCIN. II (1968)

The incorporation of various 14C-labeled compounds into the two-carbon side chain of kasugamycin was studied. Among U-14C-maltose, U-14C-glucose, U-14C-mannose, 1-14C-glycerol, U-14C-pyruvate, 1-14C-acetate, U-14C-myoino sitol, 1-14C-glycine, 2-14C-glycine, U-14C-glyoxylate, U-14C-oxalate and U-14C serine tested, 1-14C-glycine and 2-14C-glycine were most highly incorporated into the side chain of kasugamycin. They were almost exclusively incorporated into two carbons of the side chain. U-14C-Serine was incorporated at the rate 4 times less than 2-14C-glycine. A dilution effect of glyoxylate, oxamate and oxalate on the incorporation of 2-14C-glycine was not observed.
Synthesis of Dispersible Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Carbon Nanoplates with Uniform Hexagonal Morphologies for Supercapacitors (2016)

In this study, dispersible mesoporous nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanoplates have been synthesized as a new anisotropic carbon nanostructure using gibbsite nanoplates as templates. The gibbsite-silica core-shell nanoplates were first prepared before the gibbsite core was etched away. Dopamine as carbon precursor was self-polymerized on the hollow silica nanoplates surface assisted by sonification, which not only favors a homogeneous polymer coating on the nanoplates but also prevents their aggregation during the polymerization. Individual silica-polydopamine core-shell nanoplates were immobilized in a silica gel in an insulated state via a silica nanocasting technique. After pyrolysis in a nanoconfine environment and elimination of silica, discrete and dispersible hollow carbon nanoplates are obtained. The resulted hollow carbon nanoplates bear uniform hexagonal morphology with specific surface area of 460 m<sup>2</sup>·g<sup>-1</sup> and fairly accessible small mesopores (∼3.8 nm). They show excellent colloidal stability in aqueous media and are applied as electrode materials for symmetric supercapacitors. When using polyvinylimidazolium-based nanoparticles as a binder in electrodes, the hollow carbon nanoplates present superior performance in parallel to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder.
Decentralized Adaptive Protection Coordination Based on Agents Social Activities for Microgrids With Topological and Operational Uncertainties (2020)

A decentralized adaptive scheme is proposed in this article for protection coordination for microgrids with topological and operational uncertainties. This protection coordination scheme is performed in two stages. In the first stage, a traditional fault protection is deployed to clear the fault. If the fault is isolated successfully, the protection system returns to the regular fault-free state. If the fault is not cleared due to operational uncertainties in the protection system, the second stage of protection coordination is initiated. In this stage, based on a federation structure, a set of agents around the fault location negotiate to reach the best protection coordination strategy upon the occurrence of a single or multiple fault(s). Considering the operational uncertainties of the respective circuit breakers and communication links, the best fault clearance strategy is determined by analyzing the probability of correct operation of all proposed strategies and considering the least number of probable load outages. Two major factors impacting the probability of correct operation are fault currents flowing through the respective circuit breakers and the latency of the communication links. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with their experimental counterparts and those obtained using the conventional centralized and decentralized adaptive methods.
First Reported Incursion of Highly Pathogenic Notifiable Avian Influenza A H5N1 Viruses from Clade 2.3.2 into European Poultry (2010)

This study reports the first incursion into European poultry of H5N1 highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza A (HPNAI) viruses from clade 2.3.2 that affected domestic poultry and wild birds in Romania and Bulgaria, respectively. Previous occurrences in Europe of HPNAI H5N1 in these avian populations have involved exclusively viruses from clade 2.2. This represents the most westerly spread of clade 2.3.2 viruses, which have shown an apparently expanding range of geographical dispersal since mid-2009 following confirmation of infections in wild waterfowl species in Mongolia and Eastern Russia. During March 2010, AI infection was suspected at post-mortem examination of two hens from two backyard flocks in Tulcea Country, Romania. HPNAI of H5N1 subtype was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A second outbreak was confirmed 2 weeks later by RT-PCR, affecting all hens from another flock located 55 km east of the first cluster. On the same day, an H5N1 HPNAI virus was detected from a pooled tissue sample collected from a dead Common Buzzard found on the Black Sea coast in Bulgaria. Detailed genetic characterization of the haemagglutinin gene revealed the cleavage site of the isolates to be consistent with viruses of high pathogenicity belonging to clade 2.3.2 of the contemporary Eurasian H5N1 lineage. Viruses from a clade other than 2.2 have apparently spread to wild birds, with potential maintenance and spread through such populations. Whilst the scale of threat posed by the apparent westward spread of the clade 2.3.2 viruses remains uncertain, ongoing vigilance for clinical signs of disease as part of existing passive surveillance frameworks for AI, and the prompt reporting of suspect cases in poultry is advised.
Improved Preparation of (E)-3-Trimethylsilyl-2-Buten-1-OL (1983)

Abstract An improved preparation of (E)-3-trimethylsilyl-2-buten-1-ol is described. The two-step process entails stereo-selective addition of (TMS)2 CuLi-LiCN to ethyl tetrolate followed by reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride and proceeds in 90% overall yield.
Investigation on the large scale vortex produced by rotor-stator interaction in a cylindrical tank by PIV (2003)

An agitator rig is built to observe the unsteady characteristics of the large vortex produced by the rotor-stator interaction in impeller machinery. Using a PIV, a speeder and an encoder, the instantaneous velocity measurement is finished at a group of rotating speeds and phase angles, respectively. The ensemble averaged velocity, vortex streamline and turbulent intensity are obtained from PIV data. The results show that the distribution of the instantaneous parameters has no periodicity. The ensemble-averaged vortex is mainly located in the neighborhood of the static vanes, and the phase angle has little influence on it. The turbulent intensity has similar characters with the vortex.
Influence of Pandemic (Covid-19) on Teachers & Students during Online Education- A Study (2022)

Covid-19 has forced schools, colleges and universities in India and around the world to suspend physical classrooms in favor of online classes. While most private/public schools/colleges/universities in India have made the transition smoothly, a few are still adjusting. There have also been discussions about the nature of classes and the future of examination and evaluation, including whether or not they could be conducted online. While faculty grapples with new ways to manage this abrupt shift to online education, students cling to their mobile phones and computer screens. How would higher education be affected if the lockdowns continued for an extended period of time? What are some of the more serious issues that necessitated introspection? And what does this mean for the students going first response: Going digital
Control strategies for a high frequency DC-DC converter for electrified vehicles (2017)

In this paper, three control strategies for a wide band-gap bidirectional DC-DC converter (BDC) are introduced and combined to improve the vehicle traction system performance. A feed-forward control algorithm is proposed to reduce the voltage ripple of DC-link capacitor located between the BDC and traction inverter. Through voltage control of the BDC, both three-phase short and uncontrolled generator operation may be avoided for an improved fault tolerant response of the interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor drive system. With coordinated control of the converter output voltage, the traction system efficiency can be improved, when compared with constant DC bus voltage operation. The proposed control algorithms are validated through simulation and experiment.
n-p-n silicon lateral phototransistors for hybrid integrated optical circuits (1986)

An etched mesa silicon lateral phototransistor (EMS-LPT) suitable for detecting the light signal from optical channel waveguides has been designed and fabricated. In this paper both n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> uniform base and n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p-p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> -n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> double-diffused EMS-LPT's are reported. The photoactive region of the EMS-LPT is highly localized and can be easily coupled either via an evanescent field or to a grating coupler on a channel waveguide. Light coupling, gain, speed, and signal-to-noise ratio of the device are thereby greatly improved. The fabrication techniques of the EMS-LPT's are compatible with those of MOSFET's, permitting integration of multiple EMS-LPT's and MOSFET load transistors to form optically addressed inverters on the same silicon chip. By flip-chip bonding LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> and silicon substrates and coupling LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> channel waveguides to EMS-LPT's via grating couplers, we produce electrooptic switches with optical input and output.
Engraftment Kinetics After Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Full Donor T-Cell Chimerism Precedes Alloimmune Responses (1999)

Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation has recently been explored as a safer alternative to conventional high-dose transplant regimens. Although a high incidence of mixed chimerism after nonmyeloablative procedures has been reported, the exact kinetics of engrafting donor cells in specific cellular lineages has yet to be defined. We investigated lineage-specific chimerism in 15 patients receiving an allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplant from an HLA-identical (n = 14) or a 5/6 antigen-matched sibling donor after a preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. Donor chimerism was assessed weekly in T lymphocytes and myeloid cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of minisatellite regions. Eight patients survived between 121 to 409 days after transplant. Ten of 14 patients surviving more than 30 days (71.4%) had delayed disease regression consistent with a graft-versus-malignancy (GVM) effect. One patient rejected the transplant with subsequent recovery of autologous hematopoiesis. Hematological recovery was rapid (median, 11 days to >/=500 neutrophils/microL) and was initially predominantly recipient in origin. Donor myeloid chimerism gradually supplanted recipient hematopoiesis and became fully donor in all survivors by 200 days after transplantation. In contrast, T-cell engraftment was more rapid, with full chimerism in 7 patients by day 30 and in 6 further patients by day 200 after cyclosporine withdrawal and donor lymphocyte infusion. Full donor T-cell engraftment preceded donor myeloid engraftment, acute graft-versus-host disease, and disease regression, consistent with a requirement for 100% donor T-cell chimerism for full expression of the alloresponse. These results emphasize the importance of lineage-specific chimerism analysis to successfully manipulate engraftment after nonmyeloablative allogeneic PBSC transplantation.