gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroids Prevent Generation of CD34+-Derived Dermal Dendritic Cells But Do Not Inhibit Langerhans Cell Development (2002)

Corticosteroids (CS) have been shown to exert strong inhibitory effects on dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and function. Those studies were mostly performed with monocyte-derived DC, which represents only one subpopulation from the wide variety of DC types. In the present study the effects of the CS dexamethasone and prednisolone were investigated on the differentiation of CD34(+) hemopoietic progenitor cells into 1) Langerhans cells (LC), which differentiate directly into CD1a(+) DC; and 2) dermal/interstitial DC, which differentiate via a CD14(+)CD1a(-) phenotype into CD14(-)CD1a(+) DC. CS present during the entire 11-day culture period, resulting in fully differentiated CD1a(+) DC, increased the percentage of langerin(+) DC within the CD1a(+) population. In line with these data, CS treatment during the first 6 days of differentiation reduced the development of CD14(+) dermal DC precursors and thereby seemed to support the generation of CD1a(+) LC precursors. Addition of CS from day 6 onward specifically blocked the development of CD1a(+) dermal DC by both inhibition of spontaneous and IL-4-induced differentiation of CD14(+) DC precursors into CD1a(+) DC as well as induction of apoptosis in CD14(+) DC precursors. Apoptosis was not found in CD14(+) macrophage precursors derived from the same CD34(+) progenitors. The development and function of LC were not affected by CS, as demonstrated by a normal T cell stimulatory capacity and IL-12 production. These data demonstrate that CS interfere with the normal development of DC from CD34(+) progenitors by specific induction of apoptosis in precursors of dermal/interstitial DC. In view of the different functional capacities of dermal/interstitial DC and Langerhans cells, this might affect the overall cellular immune response.
Silicon Dry Etching in Hydrogen Iodide Plasmas: Surface Diagnostics and Technological Applications (1997)

We have investigated hydrogen iodide (HI) as an alternative to conventional chlorine or bromine chemistry for dry etching. Plasma exposed Si surfaces show damage, as revealed by photoluminescence studies. These defects can be annealed out by thermal treatment at 550° C. We have developed an anisotropic polysilicon gate etch process for 0.35 µ m MOS technology based on iodine chemistry. The selectivity between polysilicon and oxide is determined as a function of various process parameters. Decreasing the rf source power from 350 to 100 W increases the selectivity between polysilicon and SiO 2 from approx. 30:1 to 180:1. Profiles with a degree of anisotropy close to unity can be obtained without trenching or other undesirable anomalies. Iodine-based plasmas are characterized by very low self-biased voltages, typically less than 70 V.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Imidazole Acetic Acid Inhibitors of Activated Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor as Novel Antithrombotics (2003)

Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is an important regulator of fibrinolysis, and inhibitors of this enzyme have potential use in antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy. Appropriately substituted imidazole acetic acids such as 10j were found to be potent inhibitors of activated TAFI and selective versus the related carboxypeptidases CPA, CPN, and CPM but not CPB. Further, 10j accelerated clot lysis in vitro and was shown to be efficacious in a primate model of thrombosis.
Mid-infrared emitters utilizing intersublevel transitions in self assembled InAs quantum dots (2010)

We demonstrate room temperature electroluminescence from intersublevel transitions in self-assembled InAs quantum dots in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The quantum dot devices are grown on GaAs substrates in a Varian Gen II molecular beam epitaxy system. The device structure is designed specifically to inject carriers into excited conduction band states in the dots and force an optical transition between the excited and ground states of the dots. A downstream filter is designed to selectively extract carriers from the dot ground states. Electroluminescence measurements were made by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in amplitude modulation step scan mode. Current-Voltage measurements of the devices are also reported. In addition, both single period and multi-period devices are grown, fabricated, characterized, and compared to each other. Finally, we discuss the use of plasmonic output couplers for these devices, and discuss the unique emission observed when the quantum dot layer sits in the near field of the plasmonic top contacts.
Similar GABAergic inputs in dentate granule cells born during embryonic and adult neurogenesis (2007)

Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus follows a unique temporal pattern that begins during embryonic development, peaks during the early postnatal stages and persists through adult life. We have recently shown that dentate granule cells born in early postnatal and adult mice acquire a remarkably similar afferent connectivity and firing behavior, suggesting that they constitute a homogeneous functional population [Laplagne et al. (2006)PLoS Biol., 4, e409]. Here we extend our previous study by comparing mature neurons born in the embryonic and adult hippocampus, with a focus on intrinsic membrane properties and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synaptic inputs. For this purpose, dividing neuroblasts of the ventricular wall were retrovirally labeled with green fluorescent protein at embryonic day 15 (E15), and progenitor cells of the subgranular zone were labeled with red fluorescent protein in the same mice at postnatal day 42 (P42, adulthood). Electrophysiological properties of mature neurons born at either stage were then compared in the same brain slices. Evoked and spontaneous GABAergic postsynaptic responses of perisomatic and dendritic origin displayed similar characteristics in both neuronal populations. Miniature GABAergic inputs also showed similar functional properties and pharmacological profile. A comparative analysis of the present data with our previous observations rendered no significant differences among GABAergic inputs recorded from neurons born in the embryonic, early postnatal and adult mice. Yet, embryo-born neurons showed a reduced membrane excitability, suggesting a lower engagement in network activity. Our results demonstrate that granule cells of different age, location and degree of excitability receive GABAergic inputs of equivalent functional characteristics.
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE ALGAL ENDOSYMBIONTS OFHYDRA VIRIDIS (1974)

1. Under conditions of continuous illumination and daily feeding, individual specimens of Hydra viridis possess approximately 1.5 x 105 endosymbiotic algae.2. The endosymbiotic algae are found in greatest abundance in those digestive cells constituting the central growth region (Zone 2) of the hydra (≈ 19 algae/ digestive cell) with fewer algal cells (≈ 12 algae/digestive cell) residing in the hypostome, tentacles (Zone 1) and stalk and basal disc (Zone 3).3. Under steady-state growth in the light, the algae reproduce at approximately the same rate as the animal hosts—K = 0.380 and 0.385, respectively.4. Endosymbiotic algae require light for maximum reproduction and green hydra grown in the dark show a decrease in the number of their algal symbionts. The rate of algal decline in the dark is believed to result from a dilution of the standing crop by the continuous growth of the animal tissues. Support for this theory is based on the observation that the rate of algal decline in the dark (K = 0.258) approximates the rate of animal growth (K = 0.288).5. The algae in hydra maintained in the dark exhibit a different pattern of distribution in the host than those in the light. Apparently loss of symbionts in the dark takes place differentially with proportionately more algae being lost from the tentacles, hypostome and growth region than from the stalk and basal disc.6. When hydra that have been maintained in the dark are returned to the light, their endosymbiotic algae undergo a rapid multiplication and repopulate the host in approximately two days.
Regularized Recursive Least-Squares Algorithms for the Identification of Bilinear Forms (2018)

The system identification problem is more challenging when the parameter space becomes large. This paper addresses the identification of bilinear systems based on the regularized recursive least-squares algorithm. Here, the bilinear term is defined with respect to the impulse responses of a spatiotemporal model. In order to improve the robustness of the algorithm in noisy environments, a variable-regularized version is also developed, where the regularization parameters are adjusted using an estimation of the signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation results outline the appealing features of these algorithms.
Detecting Sound-Absorbing Materials in a Room from a Single Impulse Response using a CRNN (2019)

The materials of surfaces in a room play an important room in shaping the auditory experience within them. Different materials absorb energy at different levels. The level of absorption also varies across frequencies. This paper investigates how cues from a measured impulse response in the room can be exploited by machines to detect the materials present. With this motivation, this paper proposes a method for estimating the probability of presence of 10 material categories, based on their frequency-dependent absorption characteristics. The method is based on a CNN-RNN, trained as a multi-task classifier. The network is trained using a priori knowledge about the absorption characteristics of materials from the literature. In the experiments shown, the network is tested on over 5,00 impulse responses and 167 materials. The F1 score of the detections was 98%, with an even precision and recall. The method finds direct applications in architectural acoustics and in creating more parsimonious models for acoustic reflections.
Self-homodyne tomography of a laser diode (2000)

Considerable interest is growing around self-homodyne techniques. Such techniques allow one to avoid non-unitary detection efficiencies due to inefficient mode matching of the local oscillator. Galatola et al (1991 Opt. Commun. 85 95) proposed one possible scheme of self-homodyne detection of a field with a strong coherent component involving the use of a Fabry-Perot cavity with a perfectly reflecting mirror. We extend the theory to arbitrary cavities, and we observe a remarkable agreement between the theory and the observed data. Using the same setup we performed a tomographic measure of the Wigner function of the field emitted by a laser diode.
Nutrients versus growth factors in mTORC1 activation (2013)

Growth factors and nutrients regulate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by different mechanisms. The players that link growth factors and mTORC1 activation have been known for several years and mouse models have validated its relevance for human physiology and disease. In contrast to the picture for growth factor signaling, the means by which nutrient availability leads to mTORC1 activation have remained elusive until recently, with the discovery of the Rag GTPases upstream of mTORC1. The Rag GTPases recruit mTORC1 to the outer lysosomal surface, where growth factor signaling and nutrient signaling converge on mTORC1 activation. A mouse model of constitutive RagA activity has revealed qualitative differences between growth factor- and nutrientâ dependent regulation of mTORC1. Regulation of mTORC1 activity by the Rag GTPases in vivo is key for enduring early neonatal fasting, showing its importance for mammalian physiology.
Abelson antigen: a viral tumor antigen that is also a differentiation antigen of BALB/c mice. (1978)

We report here the serologic detection of a cell surface antigen common to cells transformed by the Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) and to normal hematopoietic cells from certain strains of mice. Serum from C57BL/6 mice hyperimmunized with syngeneic A-MuLV lymphoma cells was cytotoxic for the immunizing cells; this reaction was used as the serologic test system for recognition of A-MuLV antigens. Absorption analysis using 40 tumors and 21 cell lines revealed that two serologic specificities were detected by this test system: (i) FMR antigen(s) related to the Moloney MuLV helper (the virus from which A-MuLV was originally derived), and (ii) an antigen expressed on all cells transformed by A-MuLV. The A-MuLV-specific antigen was also present on uninfected cells from BALB/c bone marrow, spleen, and fetal liver but not from adult liver, thymus, lymph nodes, or peripheral blood. Abelson antigen was not expressed on bone marrow or spleen cells of 12 other mouse strains. In light of the original isolation of A-MuLV from a BALB/c mouse infected with Moloney virus, it is possible that Abelson antigen is a serologic marker for a gene of BALB/c mice, normally encoding a cell surface molecule, that was incorporated into the Moloney virus genome during the generation of A-MuLV.
Association of Television Viewing With Fasting and 2-h Postchallenge Plasma Glucose Levels in Adults Without Diagnosed Diabetes (2007)

Our findings highlight the unique deleterious relationship of sedentary behavior (indicated by television viewing time) and glycemic measures independent of physical activity time and adiposity status. These relationships differed according to sex and type of glucose measurement, with the 2-h PG measure being more strongly associated with television viewing. The findings suggest an important role for reducing sedentary behavior in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, especially in women.
Computational Study of the Wake and Contaminant Transport of a Walking Human (2005)

The unsteady aerodynamic wake of a human is studied using a time-accurate computational fluid dynamics simulation. Transport of a scalar contaminant, which originates on the body, is also considered. An existing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver is modified to include energy, scalar-transport, and thermal buoyancy effects. Structured overset grids are used to discretize the geometry and the flow field. Results indicate two distinct wake regions: an unsteady bluff-body wake behind the torso which is characterized by a mean recirculation zone, and a region of unsteady vortex shedding behind the legs which is dominated by a “jet” of air formed between the legs. A significant downwash occurs behind the body which has the effect of laterally spreading the lower portions of the wake. The magnitude of the scalar contaminant is shown to decay exponentially within the wake and is found to be highly dependent upon the source location.
Quantitative PCR for cAMP RI Alpha mRNA: Use of Site-Directed Mutation and PCR Mimics (2003)

Precise and accurate determination of mRNA expression levels in tissues and model systems is a central methodology in a wide range of research applications. Expression of many genes is currently assessed by northern blotting, RNAse protection assays, Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE), and many other techniques; however, for single transcripts, especially where tissue is limited or abundance is low, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the method of choice. However, where quantitative PCR is to be used, the reproducibility, accuracy, and detection limits of the technique must be clearly defined.
Mutual coherence in compressive sensing seismic acquisition (2019)

Compressive Sensing (CS) opens up new perspectives for seismic acquisition design and data reconstruction. The quality of CS reconstructed data depends on three elements: sparse transform, sampling scheme, and reconstruction algorithm. In this paper, we focus on the sampling scheme design. We examine approaches to building CS-based sampling schemes for seismic acquisition. We compare reconstruction results for different sampling schemes: uniform random sampling, jittered undersampling, and sampling schemes with the smallest possible mutual coherence. We conclude that mutual coherence is a very crude way to predict the performance of the sampling scheme. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 18, 2019 Session Start Time: 8:30 AM Presentation Time: 11:25 AM Location: 221A Presentation Type: Oral
Benchmark Environments for Multitask Learning in Continuous Domains (2017)

As demand drives systems to generalize to various domains and problems, the study of multitask, transfer and lifelong learning has become an increasingly important pursuit. In discrete domains, performance on the Atari game suite has emerged as the de facto benchmark for assessing multitask learning. However, in continuous domains there is a lack of agreement on standard multitask evaluation environments which makes it difficult to compare different approaches fairly. In this work, we describe a benchmark set of tasks that we have developed in an extendable framework based on OpenAI Gym. We run a simple baseline using Trust Region Policy Optimization and release the framework publicly to be expanded and used for the systematic comparison of multitask, transfer, and lifelong learning in continuous domains.
Defensin-like peptide-2 from platypus venom: member of a class of peptides with a distinct structural fold (2000)

The venom of the male Australian duck-billed platypus contains a family of four polypeptides of appox. 5 kDa, which are referred to as defensin-like peptides (DLPs). They are unique in that their amino acid sequences have no significant similarities to those of any known peptides; however, the tertiary structure of one of them, DLP-1, has recently been shown to be similar to beta-defensin-12 and to the sodium neurotoxin peptide ShI (Stichodactyla helianthus neurotoxin I). Although DLPs are the major peptides in the platypus venom, little is known about their biological roles. In this study, we determined the three-dimensional structure of DLP-2 by NMR spectroscopy, with the aim of gaining insights into the natural function of the DLPs in platypus venom. The DLP-2 structure was found to incorporate a short helix that spans residues 9-12, and an antiparallel beta-sheet defined by residues 15-18 and 37-40. The overall fold and cysteine-pairing pattern of DLP-2 were found to be similar to those of DLP-1, and hence beta-defensin-12; however, the sequence similarities between the three molecules are relatively small. The distinct structural fold of the DLP-1, DLP-2, and beta-defensin-12 is based upon several key residues that include six cysteines. DLP-3 and DLP-4 are also likely to be folded similarly since they have high sequence similarity with DLP-2. The DLPs, and beta-defensin-12 may thus be grouped together into a class of polypeptide molecules which have a common or very similar global fold. The fact that the DLPs did not display antimicrobial, myotoxic, or cell-growth-promoting activities implies that the nature of the side chains in this group of peptides is likely to play an important role in defining the biological function(s).
Determination of tissue injury thresholds from ultrasound in a porcine kidney model (2013)

Therapeutic ultrasound has an increasing number of applications in urology, including shockwave lithotripsy, stone propulsion, tissue ablation, and hemostasis. However, the threshold of renal injury using ultrasound is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine kidney injury thresholds for a range of intensities between diagnostic and ablative therapeutic ultrasound. A 2 MHz annular array generating spatial peak pulse average intensities (ISPPA) up to 30,000 W/cm2 in water was placed on the surface of in vivo porcine kidneys and focused on the adjacent parenchyma. Treatments consisted of pulses of 100 μs duration triggered every 3 ms for 10 min at various intensities. The perfusion-fixed tissue was scored by three blinded independent experts. Above a threshold of 20,000 W/cm2, the majority of injury observed included emulsification, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Below this threshold, almost all injury presented as focal cell and tubular swelling and/or degeneration. These findings provide evidence for a wide range of potentially therapeutic ultrasound intensities that has a low probability of causing injury. While this study did not examine all combinations of treatment parameters of therapeutic ultrasound, tissue injury appears dose-dependent. [Work supported by NIH DK43881, DK092197, and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58.]
Code size effects of power optimizing code transformations for embedded multimedia applications (1999)

A systematic methodology has been developed for the reduction of the data transfers and storage related power consumption in realizations of multimedia applications on programmable multimedia processors. The methodology is based on the application of code transformations that move the main part of the memory accesses from the large (off-chip) memories to smaller ones (on-chip). Performance (in number of cycles) which is the overriding constraint for multimedia applications is improved in most cases by the application of the power optimizing code transformations as well. The main focus of this paper is on the effect of these power optimizing code transformations on the code size, an important design parameter that implicitly affects both the total system power consumption and the performance. Experimental results from real-life applications demonstrate that contrary to earlier conjectures, if applied well our methodology introduces only small code size penalties that do not offset the significant gains in both performance and power consumption achieved by its application.
Secondary Amine Stabilized Aluminum Hydrides Derived from N,N‘-Di-tert-butylethylenediamines (1996)

The metalation of substituted N,N'-di-tert-butylethylenediamines by various aluminum hydride sources has been investigated. HN(t-Bu)CH(t-Bu)CH(2)N(H)(t-Bu) forms a dimeric lithium chelated adduct of LiAlH(4), [{[HN(t-Bu)CH(t-Bu)CH(2)N(H)(t-Bu)]Li(&mgr;-H)(2)AlH(2)}(2)], 4, which thermally decomposes to yield the tetrameric lithium diamidoaluminum hydride [{Li[N(t-Bu)CH(t-Bu)CH(2)N(t-Bu)]AlH(2)}(4)], 5. The same diamine reacts with AlH(3).NMe(3) or AlH(3) diethyl etherate to give the secondary amine stabilized amidoaluminum hydride species [{HN(t-Bu)CH(t-Bu)CH(2)N(t-Bu)}AlH(2)], 2. Similarly, the same aluminum hydride sources react with the diamine rac-HN(t-Bu)CH(Me)CH(Me)N(H)(t-Bu) to yield [{rac-HN(t-Bu)CH(Me)CH(Me)N(t-Bu)}AlH(2)], 3. Compounds 2 and 3 are stable with respect to elimination of hydrogen to form diamidoaluminum hydrides, but can be converted to the alane rich species, [H(2)Al{N(t-Bu)CH(t-Bu)CH(2)N(t-Bu)}AlH(2)],6, and [H(2)Al{rac-N(t-Bu)CH(Me)CH(Me)N(t-Bu)}AlH(2)], 7, by reaction with AlH(3).NMe(3) under special conditions. The varying reactivity of the three aluminum hydride sources in these reactions has enabled mechanistic information to be gathered, and the effect of the different steric requirements in the diamines on the stability of the complexes is discussed. Crystals of 3are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), with a = 8.910(4), b = 14.809(1), and c = 12.239(6) Å, beta = 109.76(2) degrees, V = 1520(1) Å(3), and Z = 4. Crystals of 4 are orthorhombic, space group Pbca (No. 61), with a = 15.906(9), b = 24.651(7), and c = 9.933(7) Å, V = 3895(3) Å(3), and Z = 4. Crystals of 6 are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (No. 14), with a = 8.392(1), b = 17.513(2), and c = 12.959(1) Å, beta = 107.098(8) degrees, V = 1820.4(3) Å(3), and Z = 4.