gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alterations in GAP‐43 and Synapsin Immunoreactivity Provide Evidence for Synaptic Reorganization in Adult Cat Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus following Retinal Lesions (1994)

Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and synapsin were used as molecular markers for synaptic reorganization in the adult cat visual system following sensory deprivation. Small binocular retinal lesions (central 10 degrees) were made with a xenon light photocoagulator in adult cats. One, 3, 5 and 7 weeks after induction of the lesion, the neuropil levels of synapsin and GAP-43 in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and area 17 were determined by immunocytochemistry. GAP-43 displayed a moderately low basal level in the dLGN of normal adult cats. The parvocellular C layers and the interlaminar plexi were characterized by higher immunoreactivity for GAP-43. Lesion-induced alterations were observed in all layers: GAP-43 immunoreactivity increased in the part of the dLGN representing central vision. This increase was maximal 3 weeks after the lesion. Under our experimental conditions, sensory deprivation did not significantly alter GAP-43 levels in the visual cortex. The changes in synapsin immunoreactivity were also restricted to the dLGN. In this nucleus, synapsin immunoreactivity decreased in all layers in the part subserving central vision 1 week after lesion. By 3 weeks after lesion, the level of synapsin had already returned to normal. This study provides evidence for a capacity for structural remodelling in primary sensory brain areas such as the dLGN throughout adult life. The observed changes in GAP-43 and synapsin in the dLGN suggest that synaptic reorganization is induced by retinal lesions. Normalization of synaptic density and activity could be important for the survival of the partially deafferented geniculate neurons.
Rethinking the term “pi-stacking” (2012)

It has become common to reference “pi-stacking” forces or “pi–pi interactions” when describing the interactions between neighbouring aromatic rings. Here, we review experimental and theoretical literature across several fields and conclude that the terms “pi-stacking” and “pi–pi interactions” do not accurately describe the forces that drive association between aromatic molecules of the types most commonly studied in chemistry or biology laboratories. We therefore propose that these terms are misleading and should no longer be used. Even without these terms, electrostatic considerations relating to polarized pi systems, as described by Hunter and Sanders, have provided a good qualitative starting place for predicting and understanding the interactions between aromatics for almost two decades. More recent work, however, is revealing that direct electrostatic interactions between polarized atoms of substituents as well as solvation/desolvation effects in strongly interacting solvents must also be considered and even dominate in many circumstances.
Cilengitide Inhibits Attachment and Invasion of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells through Antagonism of Integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 (2014)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an almost invariably fatal, asbestos-related malignancy arising from the mesothelial membrane lining the thoracic cavities. Despite some improvements in treatment, therapy is not considered curative and median survival following diagnosis is less than 1 year. Although still classed as a rare cancer, the incidence of MPM is increasing, and the limited progress in treating the disease makes the identification of new therapies a priority. As there is evidence for expression of the integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 in MPM, there is a rationale for investigating the effects on MPM of cilengitide, a synthetic peptide inhibitor of integrin αv heterodimer with high specificity for αvβ3 and αvβ5. In mesothelial cells (MC) and 7 MPM cell lines, growth inhibition by cilengitide was associated with the expression level of its target integrins. Furthermore, cilengitide caused cell detachment and subsequent death of anoikis-sensitive cells. It also suppressed invasion of MPM cells in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures. Gene knockdown experiments indicated that these effects of cilengitide were, at least partly, due to antagonism of αvβ3 and αvβ5.
A Bi‐Sheath Fiber Sensor for Giant Tensile and Torsional Displacements (2017)

Current research about resistive sensors is rarely focusing on improving the strain range and linearity of resistance–strain dependence. In this paper, a bi‐sheath buckled structure is designed containing buckled carbon nanotube sheets and buckled rubber on rubber fiber. Strain decrease results in increasing buckle contact by the rubber interlayer and a large decrease in resistance. The resulting strain sensor can be reversibly stretched to 600%, undergoing a linear resistance increase as large as 102% for 0–200% strain and 160% for 200–600% strain. This strain sensor shows high linearity, fast response time, high resolution, excellent stability, and almost no hysteresis.
Effects of Substitution on 9-(3-Bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,9-dihydro-3H,4H-2,6-dioxa-4- azacyclopenta[b]naphthalene-1,8-dione, a Dihydropyridine ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Opener (2006)

Structure-activity relationships were investigated on the tricyclic dihydropyridine (DHP) KATP openers 9-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5,9-dihydro-3H,4H-2,6-dioxa-4-azacyclopenta[b]naphthalene-1,8-dione (6) and 10-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-9,10-dihydro-1H,8H-2,7-dioxa-9-azaanthracene-4,5-dione (65). Substitution off the core of the DHP, absolute stereochemistry, and aromatic substitution were evaluated for KATP channel activity using Ltk- cells stably transfected with the Kir6.2/SUR2B exon 17- splice variant and in an electrically stimulated pig bladder strip assay. A select group of compounds was evaluated for in vitro inhibition of spontaneous bladder contractions. Several compounds were found to have the unique characteristic of partial efficacy in both the cell-based and electrically stimulated bladder strip assays but full efficacy in inhibiting spontaneous bladder strip contractions. For compound 23b, this profile was mirrored in vivo where it was fully efficacious in inhibiting spontaneous myogenic bladder contractions but only partially able to reduce neurogenically mediated reflex bladder contractions.
Repulsive forces between neutral surfaces induced by adatoms (2018)

Charge neutral objects usually attract each other in the nanoscale and it is actually not favorable for nanoscale manipulation as attractive forces tend to make objects stick together. It would be highly desirable if the sign of the force between charge neutral objects could be controlled by surface chemical modification. In this work, we show that the static electric field generated by a submonolayer of chemisorbed adatoms can be used to control the sign of the forces between neutral surfaces. The local density functional method combined with an electrostatic stress tensor approach is used to study the forces between tungsten surfaces with stripes of noble metal atoms adsorbed on top. When the metal substrate is partially covered by the adatom stripes, the electric field generated by the local variation of the work function can extend into the vacuum, which in turn can attract or repel other surfaces in close vicinity. Chemisorption may hence offer a good strategy to manipulate nanoscale objects.
Effects of fatigue loading and PMMA precoating on the adhesion and subcritical debonding of prosthetic-PMMA interfaces (2000)

Debonding of clinically relevant CoCrMo-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) interfaces is shown to occur subcritically under fatigue loading, implying that debonding may occur at loads much lower than those required for catastrophic failure. Interface fracture mechanics samples containing precoated and uncoated grit-blasted CoCrMo substrates and a PMMA layer were constructed and quantitatively evaluated in terms of their critical interface adhesion and subcritical debond behavior. The precoat surfaces had markedly enhanced adhesion and fatigue resistance in both air and simulated physiological environmental conditions compared to the uncoated samples. Constraint of the PMMA layer does not significantly affect the debond process for thickness between 2- and 5-mm. In addition, wear particles were collected and shown to be consistent with particle sizes reported in vivo and are on the scale of the metal surface roughness. Life prediction methods using the subcritical debond-growth data are discussed.
Novel Methylated DNA Markers Discriminate Advanced Neoplasia in Pancreatic Cysts: Marker Discovery, Tissue Validation, and Cyst Fluid Testing (2019)

Novel MDMs discovered and validated in tissue accurately identify PCLs harboring HGD/PC. A panel of 2 MDMs assayed in CF yielded results with potential to enhance current risk prediction algorithms. Prospective studies are indicated to optimize and further evaluate CF-MDMs for clinical use.
Suboptimal light curing and direct exposure to water of two contemporary composites: degree of conversion, sorption, solubility, and Knoop hardness (2020)

The water sorption and solubility of two polymer resin-based dental composite materials were assessed in order to evaluate the effects of immediate post-cure water exposure on the water sensitivity of the composites. Each material was tested with two different light curing setups. The radiant exposure of the two curing setups differed by a factor of 5. After exposure to water and subsequent drying, the Knoop surface hardness was measured. The change in the degree of conversion in both water and air storage medium within the first 24 h after curing was monitored by Raman spectroscopy. No significant differences in the degree of conversion were detected 24 h after curing. Samples exposed to the lower irradiation dose showed higher solubility and a lower surface hardness than the samples exposed to the higher irradiation dose. Early exposure to water did not cause detectable differences in the ongoing polymerization process. Increase in radiant exposure reduced the fraction of unbound constituents and increased the crosslink density, thereby reducing the plasticity of the material.
Words Matter: Distinguishing "Personalized Medicine" and "Biologically Personalized Therapeutics" (2014)

"Personalized medicine" has become a generic term referring to techniques that evaluate either the host or the disease to enhance the likelihood of beneficial patient outcomes from treatment interventions. There is, however, much more to personalization of care than just identifying the biotherapeutic strategy with the highest likelihood of benefit. In its new meaning, "personalized medicine" could overshadow the individually tailored, whole-person care that is at the bedrock of what people need and want when they are ill. Since names and definitional terms set the scope of the discourse, they have the power to define what personalized medicine includes or does not include, thus influencing the scope of the professional purview regarding the delivery of personalized care. Taxonomic accuracy is important in understanding the differences between therapeutic interventions that are distinguishable in their aims, indications, scope, benefits, and risks. In order to restore the due emphasis to the patient and his or her needs, we assert that it is necessary, albeit belated, to deconflate the contemporary term "personalized medicine" by taxonomizing this therapeutic strategy more accurately as "biologically personalized therapeutics" (BPT). The scope of truly personalized medicine and its relationship to biologically personalized therapeutics is described, emphasizing that the best of care must give due recognition and emphasis to both BPT and truly personalized medicine.
Torque Measurement With Compliant Mechanisms (2013)

This work focuses on the design, development, and testing of an inexpensive, low-profile, cartwheel flexure mechanism for torque measurement. It has been designed primarily for use in a rehabilitation and diagnostics instrument for the treatment of ankle injuries. The sensor is manufactured rapidly and at low-cost using an Omax™ abrasive waterjet machine. Strain gauges are bonded to the flexure beams to measure applied strain using a full wheatstone bridge circuit. Displacement, force, and torque are then calculated from the measured circuit voltage; power and velocity can also be determined if required by the application. Experimental results show that there exists a linear relationship between applied torque and output voltage of the wheatstone bridge for the nested cartwheel flexure design. Furthermore, results of preliminary tests of an ankle rehabilitation device show that it fulfills a need not currently satisfied by current rehabilitation and diagnostic technology in physical medicine and rehabilitation.
Improvement of Camera Characterization Process for Different Capturing Geometries Using Saunderson Surface Correction (2012)

The linearization of camera signals and spectral data is a significant step in the color characterization of image capturing systems. Even though output signals from camera detector usually have a reasonable linear relationship with incident spectral radiance, several factors might lead to slight deviations from perfect linearity. Differences in capturing geometries can be a source of non-linearity between these two quantities. In this research, a surface correction equation is introduced to compensate for differences between the camera signals and reflectance measurement with the aim of improving linearity. We utilized the Saunderson surface correction to account for boundary reflections based on measurement geometries. To investigate the idea, three experimental phases were set up. In the first experiment, the reflectance data from two different spectrophotometers were compared with those from a spectroradiometer in two dissimilar lighting conditions. According to the results, the Saunderson equation is capable of improving the measured reflectances from spectrophotometers to be fit to the actual spectral radiances from the spectroradiometer independent of capturing and lighting geometry. In the second phase of the experiment, a digital still camera was characterized using the measured and surface-corrected spectral reflectances. Finally, in the third phase of the experiment, a ColorChecker SG was imaged and used as independent verification data. According to the results, the surface correction improved the linear correlation of spectral reflectances and camera signals for all geometries and spectral data.
Development of High-Z Plasma Facing Components for ITER (1998)

During the ITER EDA (Engineering Design Activity), the US Home Team developed improved methods for fabricating tungsten armored plasma facing components. Thermo-mechanical modeling indicated the desirability of using “brush-like” structures (clusters of small filaments or rods) as a means of reducing thermal stresses. The commercial availability of tungsten welding electrode rods (1.6 mm and 3.2 mm diameter) significantly reduced the raw material costs. Three approaches were developed: (1) Cu is plasma sprayed to the W brushes followed by diffusion bonding or e-beam welding the copper backing to the CuCrZr heat sink, (2) Molten Cu is cast directly on the tips of the W brushes followed by the diffusion bonding step, and (3) W rods are sputter-coated with a bonding aid and are directly bonded to the CuCrZr heat sink using HIP or vacuum hot pressing. High heat flux testing was performed up to 18 MW/m2 without damage to two small-scale divertor mockups.
Biased agonism and allosteric modulation of G protein‐coupled receptor 183 – a 7TM receptor also known as Epstein–Barr virus‐induced gene 2 (2017)

Collectively, our data point to N114 as a key residue for EBI2 signalling controlling the balance between G protein-dependent and -independent pathways and facilitating sodium binding.
Cover Image (2019)

Cover caption The cover image, by Hailey Blain et al., is based on the Original Article Aortic pulse wave velocity in children with Cushing syndrome: A window into a marker of early cardiovascular disease. https://doi.org/10.1002/edm2.54. [Image: see text]
AUTOMATED MEDICAL LITERATURE RETRIEVAL (2012)

The constantly growing publication rate of medical research articles puts increasing pressure on medical specialists who need to be aware of the recent developments in their field. The currently used literature retrieval systems allow researchers to find specific papers; however the search task is still repetitive and time-consuming.
Blood Coagulation, Inflammation and Immune Reactions (1996)

Fibrin deposition is frequently observed at inflamed sites. Limited efforts, however, have so far been made to shed light on the roles of blood coagulation in inflammation. Recent studies have increasingly revealed a close association of the blood coagulation system with inflammation and immune reactions; the coagulation factors can also work as inflammatory mediators or immune modulators, and that, vice versa, some inflammatory or immune stimuli are linked to blood coagulation. Here, the progress in the investigation of thrombin, factor Xa, tissue factor, factors of the kallikrein/kinin system and fibrinopeptide B are reviewed from the viewpoint of their roles, with an emphasis on the molecular basis, in inflammation (vascular permeability enhancement, leukocyte chemotaxis, mediator release, etc.) and immune reactions (T-cell proliferation, cytokine production, etc.). Evidence presented in this report suggests a network among blood coagulation, inflammation and immune reactions.
In Vivo Electrochemical Analysis of a PEDOT/MWCNT Neural Electrode Coating (2015)

Neural electrodes hold tremendous potential for improving understanding of brain function and restoring lost neurological functions. Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and dexamethasone (Dex)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coatings have shown promise to improve chronic neural electrode performance. Here, we employ electrochemical techniques to characterize the coating in vivo. Coated and uncoated electrode arrays were implanted into rat visual cortex and subjected to daily cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for 11 days. Coated electrodes experienced a significant decrease in 1 kHz impedance within the first two days of implantation followed by an increase between days 4 and 7. Equivalent circuit analysis showed that the impedance increase is the result of surface capacitance reduction, likely due to protein and cellular processes encapsulating the porous coating. Coating's charge storage capacity remained consistently higher than uncoated electrodes, demonstrating its in vivo electrochemical stability. To decouple the PEDOT/MWCNT material property changes from the tissue response, in vitro characterization was conducted by soaking the coated electrodes in PBS for 11 days. Some coated electrodes exhibited steady impedance while others exhibiting large increases associated with large decreases in charge storage capacity suggesting delamination in PBS. This was not observed in vivo, as scanning electron microscopy of explants verified the integrity of the coating with no sign of delamination or cracking. Despite the impedance increase, coated electrodes successfully recorded neural activity throughout the implantation period.
Intentional Occlusion of the Internal Iliac Artery to Facilitate Endovascular Repair of Aortoiliac Aneurysms (2006)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Background Interruption of the iliac artery Predictive factors for pelvic ischemia Outcomes after occlusion of the internal iliac artery Summary
Dose reductions in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia treated with ibrutinib (2023)

Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is characterized by the presence of a MYD88<sup>L265P</sup> mutation. This mutation promotes growth and survival of malignant cells through Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) activation. Ibrutinib was the first BTK inhibitor approved for WM. Intolerance to ibrutinib frequently leads to dose reductions, though the impact of reducing ibrutinib dosing has not been systematically studied. We performed a retrospective study to determine the frequency and impact of reducing ibrutinib dosing in WM patients. With a median treatment time of 64 months, 96 (27%) of 353 WM patients required a dose reduction due to adverse events such as musculoskeletal symptoms, cardiac events, dermatologic symptoms, cytopenias, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The median time to initial dose reduction was 9.3 months (range, 0.5-74). Dose reductions were more common in those 65 years of age or older versus under 65 [hazard ratio (HR) 2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55-3.90; p < 0.001], and in females versus males (HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.41-3.28, p < 0.001). Most patients (65%) had improvement or resolution of adverse effects after initial dose reduction. With a median follow-up of three years from dose reduction, hematologic response sustained or deepened in 79% of patients. These data suggest that dose reduction of ibrutinib is a reasonable treatment approach for patients with intolerable side effects.
Multi-wavelength all-optical networks with wavelengths outside the erbium-doped fiber amplifier bandwidth (1995)

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers have become the dominating technology for signal amplification in all-optical networks. One constraint of EDFA's is that they have a much narrower bandwidth (/spl ap/25 nm) compared to the low-loss region (/spl ap/200 mn) of optical fiber. Instead of using only wavelengths within the bandwidth of EDFA's (i.e. the inband channels) for communication, we propose to include wavelengths outside the EDFA bandwidth (i.e. the outband channels) as well in order to increase the number of wavelengths and/or channel spacings that can be accommodated. Using outband wavelengths for sending messages presents a new constraint, namely that only if the power loss for transmitting a message is small enough can this message be transmitted on the outband wavelength. We develop wavelength-routing algorithms on arbitrary network topologies and wavelength assignments in hierarchical networks for sending messages subject to this constraint. We also analyze the SNR for inband/outband WDM signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Syrinx 2A: an improved lambda phage vector designed for screening DNA libraries by recombination in vivo. (1987)

The Syrinx 2A phage and pi AN13 plasmid were designed for screening of DNA libraries by homologous recombination in vivo. Syrinx 2A carries multiple cloning sites and a recently identified lambda gene, rap (recombination adept with plasmid), required for efficient phage-plasmid recombination. We describe a rapid, reliable, and technically easy method to screen Syrinx 2A libraries, expand the resulting phage-plasmid cointegrates, and subclone plasmid in as little as 2 days. Recombination screening allows one specific member of a closely related multigene family to be isolated selectively.
55.1: Diversity and Coherence of 3D Crosstalk Measurements (2011)

Abstract 3D crosstalk is a major contributor to 3D quality loss and visual fatigue on stereoscopic displays. This paper presents several 3D crosstalk measurement methods and discusses the coherence between methods, towards the derivation of meaningful quality indicators. It also identifies the need of synthetic indicators for complex crosstalk effects.