gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of High Aspect Ratio NLD Plasma Etching and Postprocessing of Fused Silica and Borosilicate Glass (2015)

In this paper, we report magnetic neutral loop discharge (NLD) plasma etching of fused silica (FS) and borosilicate glass (BSG), demonstrating high aspect ratio deep etch (100 μm) with vertical walls (<;3° deviation from vertical). This paper for the first time presents the systematic study of FS and BSG deep etching in NLD plasma. Four different masking materials have been explored including metal, amorphous silicon, bonded silicon, and photoresist. Etch parameters were optimized to eliminate unwanted artifacts, such as micro-masking, trenching, and faceting, while retaining a high aspect ratio (up to 7:1 for FS and 8:1 for BSG). In addition, a method for sidewall roughness mitigation based on postfabrication annealing was developed, showing the sidewall roughness reduction from the average roughness (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> ) 900 to 85 nm. Further advances in deep plasma etching processes may enable the use of FS and BSG in the fabrication of precision inertial MEMS, micro-fluidic, and micro-optical devices.
SP94-Targeted Triblock Copolymer Nanoparticle Delivers Thymidine Kinase–p53–Nitroreductase Triple Therapeutic Gene and Restores Anticancer Function against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Vivo (2020)

Gene-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is a promising approach for cancer therapy, but it suffers from poor targeted delivery in vivo. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer efficient in delivering negatively charged nucleic acids across cell membranes; however, it is highly toxic in vivo. Hence, we efficiently reduced PEI toxicity without compromising its transfection efficiency by conjugating it with poly(d,l-lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as triblock copolymers through a multistep synthetic process. The synthesized nanoparticles showed efficient delivery of loaded nucleic acids to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo in mice. We used this nanoparticle to deliver a rationally engineered thymidine kinase (TK)-p53-nitroreductase (NTR) triple therapeutic gene against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where p53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated in more than 85% of cancers. TK-p53-NTR triple gene therapy restores p53 function and potentiates cancer cell response to delivered prodrugs (ganciclovir (GCV) and CB1954). We used SP94 peptide-functionalized PLGA-PEG-PEI nanoparticles for the optimal delivery of TK-p53-NTR therapeutic gene in vivo. The nanoparticles prepared from the conjugated polymer showed high loading efficiency for the DNA and markedly enhanced TK-NTR-mediated gene therapy upon the simultaneous coexpression of p53 by the concurrent rescue of the endogenous apoptotic pathway in HCC cells of both p53-mutant and wild-type phenotypes in vitro. In vivo delivery of TK-p53-NTR genes by SP94-targeted PLGA-PEG-PEI NP in mice resulted in a strong expression of suicide genes selectively in tumors, and subsequent administration of GCV and CB1954 led to a decline in tumor growth, and established a superior therapeutic outcome against HCC. We demonstrate a highly efficient approach that exogenously supplements p53 to enable synergy with the outcome of TK-NTR suicide gene therapy against HCC.
Dioxygen complexes of cobalt(tetren) in zeolites A and Y: influence of zeolitic architecture (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDioxygen complexes of cobalt(tetren) in zeolites A and Y: influence of zeolitic architecturePrabir K. Dutta and Chris. BowersCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 5, 937–940Publication Date (Print):May 22, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 22 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00053a021https://doi.org/10.1021/la00053a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vivo measurements document the dynamic cellular kinetics of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells (2005)

Due to its relatively slow clinical progression, B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is classically described as a disease of accumulation rather than proliferation. However, evidence for various forms of clonal evolution suggests that B-CLL clones may be more dynamic than previously assumed. We used a nonradioactive, stable isotopic labeling method to measure B-CLL cell kinetics in vivo. Nineteen patients drank an aliquot of deuterated water ( 2 H 2 O) daily for 84 days, and 2 H incorporation into the deoxyribose moiety of DNA of newly divided B-CLL cells was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, during and after the labeling period. Birth rates were calculated from the kinetic profiles. Death rates were defined as the difference between calculated birth and growth rates. These analyses demonstrated that the leukemic cells of each patient had definable and often substantial birth rates, varying from 0.1% to greater than 1.0% of the entire clone per day. Those patients with birth rates greater than 0.35% per day were much more likely to exhibit active or to develop progressive disease than those with lower birth rates Thus, B-CLL is not a static disease that results simply from accumulation of long-lived lymphocytes. Rather, it is a dynamic process composed also of cells that proliferate and die, often at appreciable levels. The extent to which this turnover occurs has not been previously appreciated. A correlation between birth rates and disease activity and progression appears to exist, which may help identify patients at risk for worsening disease in advance of clinical deterioration.
Cardiac progenitor cells preferentially proliferate in areas of inflammatory injury (2009)

Stern, David R. MD; Bello, Ricardo MD, PhD; D'Alessandro, David MD; Kajstura, Jan PhD; Zembala, Michael MD; Bearzi, Claudia PhD; Bardelli, Silvana PhD; Leri, Annarosa MD; Anversa, Piero MD; Michler, Robert E. MD, FACS Author Information
Split learning for health: Distributed deep learning without sharing raw patient data (2018)

Can health entities collaboratively train deep learning models without sharing sensitive raw data? This paper proposes several configurations of a distributed deep learning method called SplitNN to facilitate such collaborations. SplitNN does not share raw data or model details with collaborating institutions. The proposed configurations of splitNN cater to practical settings of i) entities holding different modalities of patient data, ii) centralized and local health entities collaborating on multiple tasks and iii) learning without sharing labels. We compare performance and resource efficiency trade-offs of splitNN and other distributed deep learning methods like federated learning, large batch synchronous stochastic gradient descent and show highly encouraging results for splitNN.
Optimized Perforation—From Black Art to Engineering Software Tool (2006)

Abstract While assisting production engineers in managing the perforating process, Shell recognized the need for an engineering software tool to guide and advise them. It needed to address selecting the optimum perforating system for given well and formation properties, and work at log resolution to eliminate problems experienced with existing packages that use input values averaged across the reservoir. After consultation with staff engineers, the tool was created in Excel to test functionality and later transformed into a desktop application. It includes a perforating system database built from published API data. This is not ideal, since API Section I data are an unreliable predictor of performance into stressed rock, but this is the only published data allowing direct comparison between systems. The tool calculates depth of fluid invasion, stress-corrected penetration, and crushed zone properties at log resolution. An inflow profile and IPR curves are then generated. The analysis can be repeated for multiple guns to compare relative performance; for example, to assess whether incremental production predicted for a superior system justifies additional expenditure. The user can also test the sensitivity of inflow performance to perforating system performance and input assumptions. If system performance is critical, this may encourage laboratory tests under representative conditions to verify penetration and inflow. Developing the tool highlighted fundamental shortcomings in the industry's understanding of perforation, such as: how the crushed zone is formed and removed; the role played by pressure dynamics; the sensitivity of penetration and tunnel quality to formation and system parameters; and, how jet perforators perform in targets other than sandstone. This lack of understanding has contributed to technology stagnation, sub-optimal well performance, poor decision making in the area of sandface completions, and undue belief in the value of allegedly performance-enhancing perforating services. The work also brought into focus critical issues such as the industry's dependence on API Section I data - as a result of which we continue to be hoodwinked by ‘record breaking’ penetration performance into concrete targets – and the lack of performance metrics in poorly negotiated long - term perforating service contracts. As a result, Shell has initiated research programs to build a better understanding of perforating phenomena - the results of which will feed back into the software, refining its capabilities and increasing the user's ability to design and simulate perforating operations-is driving the development of new performance benchmarks, and is rethinking the way perforating services are procured.
Policy: A Computer Program for Student Use in Courses on Economic Policy (2016)

POLICY is a computer program designed to assist students in understanding the economic effects of a wide variety of instruments of economic policy under alternative market conditions. This software package was developed for use by students enrolled in courses on food and agricultural policy (Hallberg 1992) and courses on international trade. More to the point, POLICY was developed for use as an independent learning device and as a supplement to the more traditional reference materials in such courses.
Corona discharge induced snow formation in a cloud chamber (2017)

Artificial rainmaking is in strong demand especially in arid regions. Traditional methods of seeding various Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) into the clouds are costly and not environment friendly. Possible solutions based on ionization were proposed more than 100 years ago but there is still a lack of convincing verification or evidence. In this report, we demonstrated for the first time the condensation and precipitation (or snowfall) induced by a corona discharge inside a cloud chamber. Ionic wind was found to have played a more significant role than ions as extra CCN. In comparison with another newly emerging femtosecond laser filamentation ionization method, the snow precipitation induced by the corona discharge has about 4 orders of magnitude higher wall-plug efficiency under similar conditions.
Simultaneous B1 and T1 mapping using spiral multislice variable flip angle acquisitions for whole‐brain coverage in less than one minute (2018)

Reliable simultaneous spiral VFA B<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>1</sub> quantification was feasible with acquisition times of <1 min for whole-brain coverage at clinically relevant resolution.
Analysis of microstructure optical fibers by radial scattering decomposition (2003)

Radial scattering decomposition, a tool for the modeling and design of microstructure optical fiber, including photonic bandgap fiber, is described. Building on the multipole approach, the method decomposes a fiber structure into radial shells, allowing the confinement of light to be analyzed layer by layer. This approach lends new understanding and suggests a number of new approaches to bandgap fiber design.
Abstract 4652: Effects of anti-DLL4 treatment on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) human xenograft tumors (2016)

Abstract Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the vast majority of lung cancers, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Notch signaling has been shown to play an important role in lung cancer initiation and progression. Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) activates the Notch pathway and is important for cancer stem cell (CSC) survival. Demcizumab (OMP-21M18) is a humanized IgG2 anti-DLL4 antibody currently being tested in a Phase 2 trial in combination with pemetrexed and carboplatin for first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC. Previously, OMP-21M18 in combination with its mouse anti-DLL4 surrogate has been shown to inhibit tumor growth, decrease cancer stem cell frequency, and cause dysfunctional sprouting of new vessels resulting in an anti-angiogenic effect in patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models in breast, colon, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers. Here we show results from NSCLC PDX models. Methods and Results: Anti-DLL4 treatment was tested in a series of NSCLC PDX models. Because DLL4 inhibition has been shown to have effects on the tumor as well as the vasculature, the combination of OMP-21M18 (targeting human DLL4) and 21R30 (antibody targeting mouse DLL4) treatment in the PDX models was used to model demcizumab treatment in humans. Treatment with anti-DLL4 in combination with chemotherapy inhibited tumor growth in a series of NSCLC PDX models. Additionally, a tumorigenicity assay showed a decrease in the frequency of tumor-initiating cells following treatment with anti-DLL4 and chemotherapy. Gene expression analysis of tumor samples provided insights into the mechanism of action. Conclusions: Anti-DLL4 treatment in a panel of NSCLC PDX tumor models in vivo showed inhibition of tumor growth and a decrease in the frequency of tumor-initiating cells. Mechanism of action and gene expression analysis of these models treated with anti-DLL4 will be presented. These findings provide additional evidence supporting demcizumab as an effective treatment for NSCLC patients. Citation Format: Alayne Brunner, Fiore Cattaruzza, Wan-Ching Yen, Pete Yeung, Marcus Fischer, Belinda Cancilla, Gilbert O’Young, Raymond Tam, Yu-Wang Liu, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Tim Hoey, Min Wang, Ann M. Kapoun. Effects of anti-DLL4 treatment on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) human xenograft tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4652.
Receptor-Dependence of the Transcription Read-Out in a Small-Molecule Three-Hybrid System (2002)

Small-molecule three-hybrid systems show promise as an in vivo alternative to affinity chromatography for detecting small-molecule-protein interactions. While several three-hybrid systems have been reported, little has been done to characterize these systems and, in particular, to test the assumption that the protein-small-molecule interaction can be varied without disrupting the transcription read-out. Recently we reported a dexamethasone-methotrexate chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) for use in the yeast three-hybrid system, based on the well-studied ligand-receptor pairs dexamethasone (Dex)-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and methotrexate (Mtx)-dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Here we describe our first efforts to characterize this system, by focusing on a comparison of the activity of a bacterial and a mammalian DHFR as a test case of the influence of the ligand-receptor pair on the transcription read-out. By using a lacZ reporter gene, the activity of several GR and DHFR protein chimeras with different orientations and linker sequences and Dex-Mtx CIDs with different chemical linkers have been compared. In addition, Western analyses and in vivo biochemical assays have been carried out to confirm the integrity of the GR and DHFR protein chimeras. The transcription read-out is found to be much more sensitive to the structure of the protein chimeras than the CID. The most surprising result is that the levels of transcription activation are consistently higher with the bacterial than the mammalian DHFR, despite the fact that both proteins bind Mtx with an inhibition constant (K(I)) in the low pM range. These results set the stage for understanding three-hybrid systems at the biochemical level so that they can be used to detect ligand-receptor pairs with a range of structures and dissociation constants.
A System Verification Platform for High-Density Epiretinal Prostheses (2012)

Retinal prostheses have restored light perception to people worldwide who have poor or no vision as a consequence of retinal degeneration. To advance the quality of visual stimulation for retinal implant recipients, a higher number of stimulation channels is expected in the next generation retinal prostheses, which poses a great challenge to system design and verification. This paper presents a system verification platform dedicated to the development of retinal prostheses. The system includes primary processing, dual-band power and data telemetry, a high-density stimulator array, and two methods for output verification. End-to-end system validation and individual functional block characterization can be achieved with this platform through visual inspection and software analysis. Custom-built software running on the computers also provides a good way for testing new features before they are realized by the ICs. Real-time visual feedbacks through the video displays make it easy to monitor and debug the system. The characterization of the wireless telemetry and the demonstration of the visual display are reported in this paper using a 256-channel retinal prosthetic IC as an example.
PPG pulse direction determination algorithm for PPG waveform inversion by wrist rotation (2017)

This paper describes photoplethysmography (PPG)-based pulse direction determination algorithm on a site of the radial artery using a wrist band. It has been well known that PPG is susceptible to noise and motion artifacts in the mobile environment and many research efforts have been made to focus on rejection of the noise and motion artifacts. However, no research has been performed to find PPG pulses when PPG is inverted by wrist movement. We present an algorithm, which accurately yields which direction PPG pulses face regardless of wrist movement. The algorithm is one step closer to robust real-time PPG pulse direction determination for continuous PPG monitoring regardless of body movements.
EFFETS DE LA STABILISATION CAPTODATIVE XXIII CLIVAGE REDUCTIF ET OXYDATION DES DIMERES D'ADDITION RADICALAIRE AUX ACRYLONITRILES α-THIOETHERS (1985)

Abstract Bridged dehydrodimers 6 eliminate thioalkylgroups with chlorine to give dicyanoethylenes 7. Reductive homolysis with thiophenol affords β-substituted α-tert-butyl thiopropionitriles RCH2CH(CN)S—C4H9-t 9.
Partition functions from Rao-Blackwellized tempered sampling (2016)

© 2016 by the author(s). Partition functions of probability distributions are important quantities for model evaluation and comparisons. We present a new method to compute partition functions of complex and multi-modal distributions. Such distributions are often sampled using simulated tempering, which augments the target space with an auxiliary inverse temperature variable. Our method exploits the multinomial probability law of the inverse temperatures, and provides estimates of the partition function in terms of a simple quotient of Rao-Blackwellized marginal inverse temperature probability estimates, which are updated while sampling. We show that the method has interesting connections with several alternative popular methods, and offers some significant advantages. In particular, we empirically find that the new method provides more accurate estimates than Annealed Importance Sampling when calculating partition functions of large Restricted Boltz-mann Machines (RBM); moreover, the method is sufficiently accurate to track training and validation log-likelihoods during learning of RBMs, at minimal computational cost.
Analysis of antifoam agent degradation products in an evaporator (2018)

A wetting agent used to control foaming in the Chemical Processing Cell at the Defense Waste Processing Facility degrades to form compounds that could volatilize to form vapor exceeding the lower flammability limit. Three identified components of concern were hexamethyl disiloxane, trimethyl silanol, and propanal. Analytical methods were developed and implemented on a real waste sample to monitor degradation products. Using standards, an extraction method with dichloromethane and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance was developed. Both methods had detection limits less than 1 mg/L for the analytes.
Temperature dependence of bend elastic constant in oblique helicoidal cholesterics (2020)

The paper describes a direct in-situ measurement of the bend elastic constant in chiral liquid crystals. The method is applicable to materials that form oblique helicoidal structure in an external field. The bend modulus is directly deduced by measuring how the pitch of the structure depends on the applied electric field. The work opens the possibility to connect the molecular composition and structure to the macroscopic elastic properties.
Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Figures 1 through 7 from Tetraspanin CD81 Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Modulating the Functions of T Regulatory and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Antibodies used in this study. Supplementary Figure 1: CD81 expression on tumor cell lines. Supplementary Figure 2: Analysis of purified CD4+CD25+ Tregs for FoxP3 expression. Supplementary Figure 3: Tregs from LLC and E0771 tumor bearing CD81KO C57BL6 mice are less suppressive. Supplementary Figure 4: Naive BALB/c WT or CD81 KO T CD4+ cells are equally suppressed by WT, HT or CD81 KO Tregs. Supplementary Figure 5: Analysis of the indicated proteins (A) and mRNA (B) expression in purified WT or CD81KO MDSCs. Supplementary Figure 6: Analysis of ROS levels measured in MDSCs and Lymphocytes in WT, HT or CD81KO C57BL/6 mice. Supplementary Figure 7: WT and CD81KO Tregs express similar levels of the indicated markers.&lt;/p&gt;