gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Delivered Dose With Jet and Mesh Nebulizers During Spontaneous Breathing, Noninvasive Ventilation and Mechanical Ventilation Using an In Vitro Adult Lung Model With Exhaled Humidity (2018)

Background: Direct comparison of aerosol deposition with jet and mesh nebulizers during spontaneous breathing, noninvasive ventilation and mechanical ventilation using an adult lung model with exhaled humidity has not been reported. Methods: Drug delivery with jet (Mistymax10, CareFusion) and mesh (Solo, Aerogen) nebulizers was compared during spontaneous breathing, noninvasive ventilation and mechanical ventilation using adult lung models with exhaled humidity. To simulate a spontaneously breathing adult, a mannikin was attached to a sinusoidal pump via a collecting filter at the level of bronchi. An adult receiving noninvasive ventilation was simulated through a ventilator (V60 Phillips) attached via face mask to a mannikin with a collecting filter at the level of bronchi connected to a passive test lung. To simulate a mechanically ventilated adult, a ventilator (Servo-i, Maquet) was operated with a heated humidifier (Fisher & Paykel) and heated-wire circuit attached to an 8 mm ID ETT. The ETT cuff was inflated in a 15 mm ID/22 mm OD adapter, which was then inserted into the housing of an absolute filter (Respirgard II) fixing the tip of the ETT 1 cm from the filter media. To simulate exhaled humidity, a heated humidifier (Fisher & Paykel) was placed between the collecting filter and test lung (35 ± 2 C, 100% relative humidity). Breathing parameters were VT: 450 mL, RR: 20 breaths/min, I: E ratio 1: 3. During mechanical ventilation, devices were placed in the inspiratory limb proximal to the airway; with noninvasive ventilation they were positioned between the face mask and the leak port; while mouthpiece was used during spontaneous breathing. Albuterol sulfate (2.5mg/3 mL) was delivered with jet and mesh nebulizers. Drug deposited on the collecting filter was eluted and analyzed with spectrophotometry. Factorial ANOVA was used for data analysis (P Results: The table below shows mean (± SD) percent dose delivered. Drug delivery during mechanical ventilation was greater than noninvasive ventilation and spontaneous breathing used with the mesh nebulizer (P=0.0001) but not with the jet nebulizer (P=0.384). Delivery efficiency of the mesh nebulizer was greater than the jet nebulizer during mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, and spontaneous breathing (P=0.0001). Conclusions: Delivered dose to the adult lung model with the mesh nebulizer differs during mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation and spontaneous breathing, while it is similar with jet nebulizers.
Meaningful access: policy, management and orchestration (2008)

Access management for learning communities requires a unified theory, sustaining the implementation of instructional policies, for 'social networks'. The management method we have reached is based on the integration of content-rich resources in 'operations' that model/control the access of those seeking to learn something by using them, with or without assistance. Activities may be sequenced emergently or planned, using scenarios (or 'functions' – a biological metaphor). The proposed formula offers multiple facilitations: guiding, sequencing, coordination, matching, tracing etc. The gradual concretisation of operational elements (human and machine interprets/executors) can rely on technical, semantic and administrative indexing and on the 'metafunctions' mechanism.
Plasminogen mediates liver regeneration and angiogenesis after experimental partial hepatectomy (2003)

Plasminogen and uPA are essential for optimal liver regeneration. In addition, plasminogen appears to be a major determinant in regeneration-associated hepatic angiogenesis.
Preparation of CsPbBr3 Films for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells from Aqueous Solutions (2021)

Toxic organic solvents are widely used in fabricating perovskite solar cells, which pose a potential threat to human health and the environment. Here, we try to prepare high-quality all-inorganic perovskite films from all aqueous solutions using a traditional two-step method. A continuous PbBr2 precursor film is first prepared from a HBr/H2O solution added with a certain amount of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The PEG plays important roles in adjusting the viscosity of the aqueous solution and affecting the growth of the PbBr2 precursor crystals. A high concentration of the CsBr/H2O solution is then spin-coated on the PbBr2 precursor film followed by annealing to form a high-quality CsPbBr3 film. The CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells prepared from the aqueous solutions show an efficiency of 7.19%, which is higher than those prepared from the organic solvents in the same conditions. It is a facile and green method to eliminate the solvent toxicity derived from organic solvents in fabricating perovskite solar cells.
Hybrid organic–inorganic catalytic mesoporous materials with proton sponges as building blocks (2011)

Non-ordered organic-inorganic mesoporous hybrid materials with basic sites have been synthesized following a fluoride-catalysed sol-gel process at neutral pH and low temperatures that avoids the use of structural directing agents (SDAs). Proton sponges have been used as the organic builder of the hybrids, while the inorganic part corresponds to silica tetrahedra. The proton sponges are diamines that exhibit very high basicity and, after functionalization, have been introduced as part of the walls of the mesoporous silica by one-pot synthesis. Several hybrids with different organic loadings have been synthesized and characterized by gas adsorption, thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, solid state MAS-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. These hybrids show high activity as base catalysts and can be recycled.
Office versus Institutional Operative Hysteroscopy: An Economic Model (2021)

Performance of office-based hysteroscopic surgery is associated with reduced health system costs compared with the institutional environment. The net revenue for the practice was dependent on both the volume of procedures performed and the hysteroscopic system and technique selected.
Skin-mounted RFID sensing tattoos for assistive technologies (2014)

UHF RFID technology is presented that can facilitate new passive assistive technologies. Tongue control for human computer interfaces is first discussed where a tag is attached to the hard palate of the mouth and the tag turn-on power is observed to vary in response to tongue proximity. Secondly, a stretchable tag is fabricated from Lycra fabric that contains conducting silver fibres. The application of strain to the elastic tag again causes the required power at the reader to activate the tag to vary in proportion. This elastic tag is proposed as a temporary skin mounted strain gauge that could detect muscle twitch in the face or neck of an otherwise physically incapacitated person. Either design might be applied to the steering function of a powered wheelchair, or to facilitate the control of a computer mouse. Better than 3dB isolation is achieved in the tongue switching case and approximately 0.25dBm per percentage stretch is observed for the strain gauge.
Evolution of interfacial Fermi level in In0.53Ga0.47As/high-κ/TiN gate stacks (2015)

The net charge state was probed of metal-oxide-semiconductor gate stacks consisting of In0.53Ga0.47As /high-κ dielectric/5 nm TiN, for both Al2O3 and HfO2 dielectrics, via investigation of band bending at the InGaAs/high-κ interface. Using pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy, changes to band bending were studied for each sequential layer deposited onto the InGaAs substrate and subsequent annealing up to 600 °C. Two behavioral regions were observed in annealing studies: (1) a lower temperature (&amp;lt;350 °C) region, attributed to changes at the high-κ/TiN interface, and (2) a higher temperature region (&amp;gt; 350 °C), associated with a net positive charge increase within the oxide. These band bending measurements delineate the impact of processing steps inherently inaccessible via capacitance-voltage electrical characterization.
Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Idiopathic Macular Holes (2011)

Purpose. To describe the characteristics of idiopathic macular holes (MH) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlate OCT with clinical assessment. Design. Cross-sectional chart review and OCT assessment. Participants. Sixty-seven eyes with a clinically diagnosed idiopathic MH with available OCT data. Methods. A retrospective chart review and OCT assessment. Results. Based on OCT grading, 40 eyes had a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) and 21 eyes had a lamellar macular hole (LMH). Clinical exam and OCT assessment agreed in 53 (87%) eyes when assessing the extent of MH. Six eyes (14.6%) in the FTMH group, and 3 eyes in the LMH group (14.3%) had persistent vitreomacular traction. Thirty-seven eyes (92.5%) in the FTMH group and 11 eyes (52.4%) in the LMH group had associated intraretinal cysts. Two eyes (5.0%) in the FTMH group and zero eyes in the LMH group had subretinal fluid. Intraretinal cysts were found to be more frequently associated with FTMH than with LMH (P < 0.001). Conclusion. This paper described OCT findings in a group of patients with clinically diagnosed MH. A high level of correlation between clinical assessment and OCT findings of LMH and FTMH was observed, and intraretinal cysts were often present in FTMH.
OPTICAL COMPONENT MODELLING AND CIRCUIT SIMULATION (2009)

This communication introduces the modelling of optical and optoelectronic components and the simulation of optical circuits and links using a Computer aided design (CAD) tool. A specific library describing several optical components and devices has been established and integrated as User-Defined-Models into the simulator. Then, the simulation facilities of our tool are used to study an integrated optical circuit: an integrated interferometer sensor.
A new topology of active bandstop filters in MMIC technology for wideband applications (2013)

A new topology of active bandstop filters is proposed in this paper. Two prototypes based on this topology have been implemented: the first one in GaN technology and the second one in GaAs technology. This topology allows reducing the 3 dB bandwidth in comparison with the only passive cell. The structure of both filters is a distributed structure. The first one allows a rejection of 65 dB at 2.9 GHz and the second one allows three states with a rejection around 45 dB at 2.3 GHz (state 1), at 2.47 GHz (state 2) and at 2.87 GHz (state 3). Both have associated passband from 1 GHz to 18 GHz.
Material Preparation and Thin Film Growth (2021)

The preparation of materials in thin film form not only is of technological importance for device applications but also grants access to study and understand the physical properties (magnetic, optical, electronic, acoustic) of materials approaching the two-dimensional limit. One interesting example thereof, which is relevant for this handbook, is the occurrence of long-range magnetic order in two dimensions, initially ruled out by theory (Hohenberg, Phys Rev 158:383–386, 1967; Mermin, Wagner, Phys Rev Lett 17:1133–1136, 1966) but later thoroughly revisited as the advances in thin film growth enabled the preparation of suitable experimental testbeds (Vaz, Bland, Lauhoff, Reports Prog Phys 71:056501, 2008). Now that even the growth of innately 2D materials has been recently achieved by ultrahigh vacuum methods (Chen et al, Science 366:983–987, 2019; Liu et al, npj 2D Mater Appl 1:1–6, 2017; Bedoya-Pinto et al, Intrinsic 2DXY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer. arXiv:2006.07605), the key mechanisms to stabilize magnetic order in two dimensions have been finally established. The current level of understanding in such a fundamental, long-debated topic would have been not possible without the successful growth and characterization of atomically thin films on a variety of surfaces, using the appropriate methods for a high-quality bottom-up material synthesis.In this chapter, we will briefly describe the most important methods for thin film growth, such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), pulsed-laser deposition (PLD), as well as magnetron and ion-beam sputtering. We will start with an introductory section which is common to these vapor phase methods such as the growth modes, the importance of substrate preparation, and the role of buffer layers (Sect. “Thin Film Growth: General Concepts”.) and then describe the characteristic features of each deposition technique, highlighting practical aspects from the user point of view and including some representative examples of thin film compounds grown with these methods (Sects. “Molecular Beam Epitaxy”, “Pulsed Laser Deposition”, “Magnetron Sputtering Deposition”, and “Ion Beam Sputter Deposition”).
Synthesis and coordinating properties of heterocyclic-substituted tertiary phosphines (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and coordinating properties of heterocyclic-substituted tertiary phosphinesStephen S. Moore and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 8, 1489–1493Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00347a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00347a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views750Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Repurposing Live Attenuated Trivalent MMR Vaccine as Cost-effective Cancer Immunotherapy (2022)

ABSTRACT Despite its rising promise, cancer immunotherapy remains out of reach for many patients because of the extensive cost of manufacturing immunotherapy products. In this study, we show that intratumoral injections of the trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) live attenuated viral vaccine (LAVs) modulates a potent cytotoxic T-cell antitumor immune response, resulting in tumor growth inhibition and improved survival in syngeneic mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer. Using an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach, we demonstrated that mechanistically, MMR exerts its antitumor activity by priming innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses, leading to immunologically coordinated cancer cells death. Our findings highlight a promising potential for LAVs, such as MMR, to be repurposed as cost-effective cancer immunotherapy.
Surface-assisted reduction of aniline oligomers, N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediimine and thionin in atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization (2002)

Reduction of the oligomers formed from on-line electropolymerization of aniline, the compound N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediimine, and the thiazine dye thionin was observed in both an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and an atmospheric pressure photoionization source. The reduction, which alters the mass of these analytes by 2 Da, was shown to occur by means of a surface-assisted process which involves reactive species, possibly hydrogen radicals, generated from protic solvents in the ionization plasma. Reduction was minimized by limiting protic solvents, by using a high heated nebulizer temperature, and by using a clean, heated nebulizer probe liner. The expected generality of this reduction process, and the possibility of similar reduction processes in other plasma ionization sources are discussed in relation to the use of these ion sources for on-line electrochemistry/mass spectrometry experiments.
Assessment of self‐/parent‐reported quality of life in Japanese children with haemophilia using the Japanese version of KIDSCREEN‐52 (2020)

Proactive mental and clinical care in haemophilia families, especially with young children, will foster a better environment for patients and their parents and ease concerns about progress in haemophilia.
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) Redirect and Reset Package (2005)

The base Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) specification (RFC
3435) allows endpoints to be redirected one endpoint at a time. This
document provides extensions in the form of a new MGCP package that
provides mechanisms for redirecting and resetting a group of
endpoints. It also includes the ability to more accurately redirect
endpoints by allowing a list of Call Agents to be specified in a
preferred order. This memo provides information for the Internet
community.
Cover Picture: Supramolecular Host‐Guest Systems in Zeolites Prepared by Ship‐in‐a‐Bottle Synthesis (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 6/2004) (2004)

Abstract The cover picture shows the results of modelling the diffusion of phthalodinitrile through the zeolite pores. Once inside, phthalodinitrile reacts to form a large phthalocyanine guest that remains entrapped inside the zeolite cavity. The resultingzeolite−guest chemistry resembles at molecular level a ship in a bottle that is a typical souvenir in many harbour cities. The zeolite‐encapsulated guest shows many promising applications as discussed in the Microreview by A. Corma and H. Garcia on p. 1143 ff.
Inhibition of Ca2+ and K+ currents by "antifreeze" proteins (1992)

For the last two decades, the research on fish "antifreeze" proteins has focused exclusively on their ability to depress noncolligatively blood plasma freezing points, presumably by binding to ice crystals. We report evidence that antifreeze polypeptides from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) have another special property, the ability to block ion channels. In experiments with porcine granulosa cells we show, using the patch-clamp technique in the whole cell configuration, that these proteins suppress effectively calcium and potassium currents. The results of dose-response studies indicate a protein-protein interaction mechanism.
Single-cell imaging reveals unexpected heterogeneity of telomerase reverse transcriptase expression across human cancer cell lines (2019)

Telomerase is pathologically reactivated in most human cancers, where it maintains chromosomal telomeres and allows immortalization. Because telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is usually the limiting component for telomerase activation, numerous studies have measured TERT mRNA levels in populations of cells or in tissues. In comparison, little is known about TERT expression at the single-cell and single-molecule level. To address this, we analyzed TERT expression across 10 human cancer lines using single-molecule RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and made several unexpected findings. First, there was substantial cell-to-cell variation in number of transcription sites and ratio of transcription sites to gene copies. Second, previous classification of lines as having monoallelic or biallelic <i>TERT</i> expression was found to be inadequate for capturing the <i>TERT</i> gene expression patterns. Finally, spliced TERT mRNA had primarily nuclear localization in cancer cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), in stark contrast to the expectation that spliced mRNA should be predominantly cytoplasmic. These data reveal unappreciated heterogeneity, complexity, and unconventionality in TERT expression across human cancer cells.
Why Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Biopsy Miss Clinically Significant Cancer? (2021)

While uncommon, most MRI-targeted biopsy misses are due to errors in lesion targeting, which highlights the importance of accurate co-registration and targeting when using software-based fusion platforms. Additionally, some patients will harbor MRI-invisible lesions which are untargetable by MRI-targeted platforms. The presence of a low PI-RADS score despite a high PSA is suggestive of harboring an MRI-invisible lesion.
Digital Signal Processing Bundle (2009)

Combining a 2007 favourite and a brand new title, this bundle will get you up to speed with the essential fundamentals of DSP principles and practice.Digital Signal Processing is the FIRST book that bridges the gap that separates DSP theory and hardware design. Covering DSP principles, applications and hardware issues, and including instructive examples, it is an invaluable resource for anyone studying or practicing engineering. Digital Signal Processing System is the ONLY DSP book to combine textual and graphical programming. It is an essential source for helping you to quickly develop DSP systems by integrating MATLAB/C code into the LabVIEW graphical programming environment. Learn how to easily and quickly design complex DSP systems with this great value bundle.
Solution structure of CnErg1 (Ergtoxin), a HERG specific scorpion toxin (2003)

The three-dimensional structure of chemically synthesized CnErg1 (Ergtoxin), which specifically blocks HERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) K+ channels, was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CnErg1 consists of a triple-stranded beta-sheet and an alpha-helix, as is typical of K+ channel scorpion toxins. The peptide structure differs from the canonical structures in that the first beta-strand is shorter and is nearer to the second beta-strand rather than to the third beta-strand on the C-terminus. There is also a large hydrophobic patch on the surface of the toxin, surrounding a central lysine residue, Lys13. We postulate that this hydrophobic patch is likely to form part of the binding surface of the toxin.
Low contrast lesion detection in PET using the Bootstrap method (2015)

In a low contrast lesion detection experiment, large amounts of repeated measurements on the same object are typically required in order to achieve a good estimation of statistics. One way to obtain these many realizations can be through repeatedly scanning the low contrast object, which however, is a challenge with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging due to the decaying nature of radionuclides using radiopharmaceuticals like Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). In order to calculate lesion detectability from a limited number PET FDG scans, the bootstrap resampling method was used to create n realizations. That is, from the same sinogram data, we randomly draw n bootstrap samples of size k with replacement for prompt and random coincidence events. To validate the proposed method, 60 parallel scans (3 min each) of a NEMA phantom filled with FDG were obtained by using listmode data from a gated acquisition on a PET/CT scanner. We resampled the sinogram of full data into 60 replicates with each having the same total number of prompts and random events as the replayed scan data. PET images were reconstructed from both scan data and bootstrap data using Time-of-Flight (TOF) and non-TOF Ordered-Subset Expectation Maximization (OSEM) algorithms. A 10-channel dense Difference-of-Gaussian (DoG) Channelized-Hotelling Observer (CHO) was developed with internal noise added to channel outputs and applied to the PET images. CHO showed close detectability on the 4 hot spheres (10mm, 13mm, 17mm and 22mm) of the NEMA phantom between scan data and bootstrap data, on both TOF and non-TOF PET images. We applied the bootstrap method to another scan of NEMA phantom with fixed contrast 4:1 and smaller spheres (5mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm), and created 150 realizations (10 min each). We conclude the bootstrap method is useful for low contrast lesion detection study using CHO.