gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-regularized Alignment for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2018)

Deep neural networks, trained with large amount of labeled data, can fail to generalize well when tested with examples from a \emph{target domain} whose distribution differs from the training data distribution, referred as the \emph{source domain}. It can be expensive or even infeasible to obtain required amount of labeled data in all possible domains. Unsupervised domain adaptation sets out to address this problem, aiming to learn a good predictive model for the target domain using labeled examples from the source domain but only unlabeled examples from the target domain. Domain alignment approaches this problem by matching the source and target feature distributions, and has been used as a key component in many state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods. However, matching the marginal feature distributions does not guarantee that the corresponding class conditional distributions will be aligned across the two domains. We propose co-regularized domain alignment for unsupervised domain adaptation, which constructs multiple diverse feature spaces and aligns source and target distributions in each of them individually, while encouraging that alignments agree with each other with regard to the class predictions on the unlabeled target examples. The proposed method is generic and can be used to improve any domain adaptation method which uses domain alignment. We instantiate it in the context of a recent state-of-the-art method and observe that it provides significant performance improvements on several domain adaptation benchmarks.
Improved Near-well Approximation for Prediction of the Gas/Oil Production Ratio from Oil-rim Reservoirs (2010)

Statoil has developed a model with short computational time to predict the rate dependent gas/oil ratio (GOR) from a horizontal well. The oil flow towards the wellbore is based on a one-dimensional model by Konieczek. The model performs remarkably well for medium time production optimization (weeks, months), while the predictions during the first days after a large change in the production can be poor. An improved one-dimensional model for the flow towards the wellbore is proposed, where the oil flow is treated as a superposition of three terms: 1) Radial flow towards the wellbore and towards a mirror well. 2) Flow to correct for modified boundary conditions due to the radial flows. 3) Flow due to height variations of the gas/oil contact (GOC). The new model takes care of the current short term and near-well deficiencies: Effect of 2D flow close to the wellbore, gas breakthrough due to viscous gas fingering, and horizontal/vertical anisotropy. Based on analysis and preliminary testing the new model should have equally good medium and long term capabilities and considerably improved short term and near-well behaviour, compared to the present implementation.
Are You Smarter than a High School Student (2011)

No offense to Georgia Tech Alum Jeff Foxworthy and his show on being smarter then a 5th grader, but a lot of people in Louisiana are not smarter then High School Student Zack Kopplin. Zack Kopplin has been crusading for the repeal of a Louisiana Science Education Act that allows for the use of non-scientific text in teaching Intelligent Design and Creationism in schools. Zach joins us to discuss why the scientific theory of evolution is so hard for some many people to accept.
Numerical Approach of Physical Behaviors in Fluorinated Nematic Liquid Crystals (1999)

Abstract A numerical approach of physical behaviors in fluorinated liquid crystals has been investigated. The molecular parameters, such as dipole moment and polarizability were calculated using a semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) method. Using these molecular parameters and the Maier‐Meier theory, the temperature dependence of the dielectric anisotropy divided by the order parameter (Δ∍/S) has been estimated. In addition, taking the temperature dependence of the order parameter S into account, the temperature dependence of the dielectric anisotropy Δ∍ has been estimated. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results.
CHAPTER 2. NMR Well Logging (2015)

The technique of NMR well logging is a commercial service that identifies and quantifies the nature of fluids occupying the pore space of rock formations in the vicinity around a bore hole. It is based on NMR relaxation and diffusion measurements with special-purpose sensors that are lowered into boreholes and are capable of making measurements on samples located completely outside the apparatus. The sensors for these inside-out measurements are built to withstand the extreme environmental conditions (temperature, pressure and shock) and incorporate all the essential components for an NMR measurement, including permanent magnet, rf transmitter, receiver and other necessary electronics. The chapter gives an overview of the technique and its applications. It includes a discussion of the various hardware configurations and measurement techniques that have been specifically developed for this application and addresses challenges related to calibration and data inversion. There is also a brief summary of the underlying physics of diffusion and relaxation in porous media and in complex fluids that connects the measured NMR quantities to the essential petrophysical quantities of interest. Representative logging examples are used to illustrate the wide-ranging applications of NMR well logging.
PEGylation Enhances the Oral Bioavailability of &#x03B3;-Tocotrienol Isomer of Vitamin E (2016)

Objective: To Synthesize and characterize PEGylated γ-T3 with m-PEG molecular weights of 350 (γ-T3PGS 350) and 1000 (γ-T3PGS 1000) and to Determine the oral bioavailability of the PEGylated γ-T3 in rats. Methods: γ-T3 was extracted from a 500 g batch of TocotrolTM L50P. γ-T3PGS 350 and γ-T3PGS 1000 were synthesized by a simple single ring-opening of half acid ester precursor, followed by controlled coupling to the terminally methylated PEG. Succination and subsequent PEGylation of γ -T3 were confirmed by HPLC, MS, and 1H-NMR studies. The effect of PEGylation on the oral bioavailability was tested in rats. Results: The succination of γ-T3 was confirmed by the appearance of the ethyl protons of the succinate at 2.75-2.86 ppm and the disappearance of the proton chemical shift from the hydroxyl group of γ-T3 at 4.7 ppm. Subsequent PEGylation was confirmed by the chemical shift at 4.23 ppm, which corresponds to the protons of the ethylene group of PEG that is directly linked to γ-T3S, and confirmed by MS and HPLC. Thee most interesting is that PEGylation significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of γ-T3 as compared with regular formula and no significant difference was observed between the two molecular variants of mPEG 350 or mPEG 1000. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that PEGylation of γ-T3 represents a viable platform for the oral and parenteral delivery of γ-T3 for potential use in the prevention of breast cancer.
Performance limits of NMOS and CMOS (1984)

An analytic MOST model to project circuit performance limits will be reported. Minimum channel lengths of 0.14 and 0.40μm, corresponding to logic gate delays of 19ps for CMOS and 103ps for NMOS are predicted.
The care for adults with congenital heart disease: organization and function of a grown-up congenital heart disease unit (2016)

Thanks to the improvement of surgical and interventional cardiac procedures, the majority of children with congenital heart defects (CHD) can now be expected to reach adulthood. The number of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) will inevitably increase, and recent data affirm that in Europe, we are actually faced with an estimated patient population of 2.3 million. These patients, particularly the adults with moderate and highly complex CHD, can be very difficult to manage, and should be treated in few experienced and specialized 'grown-up congenital heart disease' (GUCH) units, concentrating resources, patients, funding, and professional experiences. On 2000, we created a GUCH unit in our hospital that rapidly became a referral centre in Italy for number and complexity of patients treated. The present study is a presentation of how is organized our GUCH unit and a brief overview of our more recent experience with ACHD patients.
A Simplified Synthesis of Novel Dictyostatin Analogues with In Vitro Activity against Epothilone B–Resistant Cells and Antiangiogenic Activity in Zebrafish Embryos (2011)

The natural product (--)-dictyostatin is a microtubule-stabilizing agent that potently inhibits the growth of human cancer cells, including paclitaxel-resistant clones. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies have revealed several regions of the molecule that can be altered without loss of activity. The most potent synthetic dictyostatin analogue described to date, 6-epi-dictyostatin, has superior in vivo antitumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts compared with paclitaxel. In spite of their encouraging activities in preclinical studies, the complex chemical structure of the dictyostatins presents a major obstacle for their development into novel antineoplastic therapies. We recently reported a streamlined synthesis of 16-desmethyl-25,26-dihydrodictyostatins and found several agents that, when compared with 6-epi-dictyostatin, retained nanomolar activity in cellular microtubule-bundling assays but had lost activity against paclitaxel-resistant cells with mutations in β-tubulin. Extending these studies, we applied the new, highly convergent synthesis to generate 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and 6-epi-25,26-dihydrodictyostatin. Both compounds were potent microtubule-perturbing agents that induced mitotic arrest and microtubule assembly in vitro and in intact cells. In vitro radioligand binding studies showed that 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and its C6-epimer were capable of displacing [3H]paclitaxel and [14C]epothilone B from microtubules with potencies comparable to (--)-dictyostatin and discodermolide. Both compounds inhibited the growth of paclitaxel- and epothilone B-resistant cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations, synergized with paclitaxel in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, and had antiangiogenic activity in transgenic zebrafish larvae. These data identify 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and 6-epi-25,26-dihydrodictyostatin as candidates for scale-up synthesis and further preclinical development.
High-Frequency Actuation with Silicon Electroosmotic Micropumps (2002)

Electroosmotic micropumps manufactured on silicon substrates using standard micromachining processes can generate pressures of 6 kPa and flow rates of 13 L/min at 400 V. We present a novel micromachined silicon electroosmotic micropump structure that dramatically reduces die size requirements. We have investigated the prospects for using electroosmotic micropumps in microscale fluidic actuation by integrating a silicon membrane structure into the pump system. By monitoring the velocity of the membrane using a laser vibrometer, we have characterized the micropump's pressure response on timescales below 100 milliseconds. The silicon electrosmotic micropumps studied are found to have a finite pressure response within 10 ms of power activation. Maximum pressure generation, however, appears to take place on a much longer timescale.
Determination of the Fate of Nitrogen Functionality in Carbonaceous Materials during Pyrolysis and Combustion Using X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy (1997)

X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) was used to investigate the fate of nitrogen functional groups in carbons derived from acridine, carbazole, and polyacrylonitrile during carbonization. Acenaphthylene and poly(vinyldene chloride) carbons with nitrogen incorporation by ammonia treatment at elevated temperatures were also studied. In general, the nitrogen XANES data provided more detail than the corresponding X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results and confirm the overall picture obtained from XPS involving the greater stability of pyridinic and quaternary nitrogen functionalities with increasing severity of pyrolysis. Partial gasification of the carbons in 20% oxygen/argon produced a new peak or greatly increased the intensity of an existing nitrogen XANES peak at ∼401.5 eV which was independent of the nitrogen functionality originally present in the carbon. The oxygen XANES spectra showed that carbonyl and carboxylic acid/acid anhydride functionality were also present on the surface of carbons partially gasified with oxygen. The XANES studies have also been compared with the temperature-programmed combustion and temperature programmed desorption studies of the carbons. The results are consistent with the presence of pyridone functionality in the partially gasified carbons. The overlap of bands may obscure the interpretation of data from X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and information is required from a number of techniques in order to provide a more detailed view.
Palladium Nanoparticle Incorporation in Conjugated Microporous Polymers by Supercritical Fluid Processing (2009)

Palladium nanoparticles have been dispersed uniformly throughout a microporous poly(aryleneethynylene) material by the infusion of a CO2-soluble Pd precursor. The resulting composite has good thermal stability and has potential applications for example in heterogeneous catalysis. The porosity of the polymeric support was maintained after inclusion of the metal and the hydrogen uptake at room temperature was increased with respect to the unloaded porous support.
A Cluster of Metabolic Defects Caused by Mutation in a Mitochondrial tRNA (2004)

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are risk factors for atherosclerosis and occur together more often than expected by chance. Although this clustering suggests shared causation, unifying factors remain unknown. We describe a large kindred with a syndrome including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hypomagnesemia. Each phenotype is transmitted on the maternal lineage with a pattern indicating mitochondrial inheritance. Analysis of the mitochondrial genome of the maternal lineage identified a homoplasmic mutation substituting cytidine for uridine immediately 5' to the mitochondrial transfer RNA(Ile) anticodon. Uridine at this position is nearly invariate among transfer RNAs because of its role in stabilizing the anticodon loop. Given the known loss of mitochondrial function with aging, these findings may have implications for the common clustering of these metabolic disorders.
Modeling, estimation, and pattern analysis of random texture on three-dimensional surface (1990)

To recover 3-D structure from a shaded and textural surface image involving textures, neither the Shape-from-shading nor the Shape-from-texture analysis is enough, because both radiance and texture information coexist within the scene surface. A new 3-D texture model is developed by considering the scene image as the superposition of a smooth shaded image and a random texture image. To describe the random part, the orthographical projection is adapted to take care of the non-isotropic distribution function of the intensity due to the slant and tilt of a 3-D texture surface, and the Fractional Differencing Periodic (FDP) model is chosen to describe the random texture, because this model is able to simultaneously represent the coarseness and the pattern of the 3-D texture surface, and flexible enough to synthesize both long-term and short-term correlation structures of random texture. Since the object is described by the model involving several free parameters and the values of these parameters are determined directly from its projected image, it is possible to extract 3-D information and texture pattern directly from the image without any preprocessing. Thus, the cumulative error obtained from each pre-processing can be minimized. For estimating the parameters, a hybrid method which uses both the least square and the maximum likelihood estimates is applied and the estimation of parameters and the synthesis are done in frequency domain. Among the texture pattern features which can be obtained from a single surface image, Fractal scaling parameter plays a major role for classifying and/or segmenting the different texture patterns tilted and slanted due to the 3-dimensional rotation, because of its rotational and scaling invariant properties. Also, since the Fractal scaling factor represents the coarseness of the surface, each texture pattern has its own Fractal scale value, and particularly at the boundary between the different textures, it has relatively higher value to the one within a same texture. Based on these facts, a new classification method and a segmentation scheme for the 3-D rotated texture patterns are developed.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Exhibit Increased Propensity to Differentiate During the G1 Phase Prior to Phosphorylation of Retinoblastoma Protein (2012)

While experimentally induced arrest of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in G1 has been shown to stimulate differentiation, it remains unclear whether the unperturbed G1 phase in hESCs is causally related to differentiation. Here, we use centrifugal elutriation to isolate and investigate differentiation propensities of hESCs in different phases of their cell cycle. We found that isolated G1 cells exhibit higher differentiation propensity compared with S and G2 cells, and they differentiate at low cell densities even under self-renewing conditions. This differentiation of G1 cells was partially prevented in dense cultures of these cells and completely abrogated in coculture with S and G2 cells. However, coculturing without cell-to-cell contact did not rescue the differentiation of G1 cells. Finally, we show that the subset of G1 hESCs with reduced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma has the highest propensity to differentiate and that the differentiation is preceded by cell cycle arrest. These results provide direct evidence for increased propensity of hESCs to differentiate in G1 and suggest a role for neighboring cells in preventing differentiation of hESCs as they pass through a differentiation sensitive, G1 phase.
mmWave phased-array with hemispheric coverage for 5<sup>th</sup> generation cellular handsets (2014)

A first-of-the-kind 28 GHz antenna solution for the upcoming 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation cellular communication is presented in detail. Extensive measurements and simulations ascertain the proposed 28 GHz antenna solution to be highly effective for cellular handsets operating in realistic propagating environments.
Abstract 9602: Cystathionine ?-lyase/hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism Regulates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mediated Vasculogenesis During Ischemic Vascular Remodeling (2013)

Introduction: H2S is a gaseous signaling molecule primarily produced in the vasculature by Cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL/CSE) enzyme, that regulates many biological functions including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, cytoprotection and angiogenesis. CSE genetic deficiency and subsequent reduction in H2S levels attenuates ischemic vascular remodeling. However, effects of CSE/H2S in relation to vasculogenesis have not been investigated. Objective: To investigate the effect of endothelial specific CSE (EC-CSE) transgenic overexpression in restoring blood flow and vasculogenesis in the ischemic hind limb model. Methods: Unilateral femoral artery ligation was performed in wild type (WT), CSE-/- and EC-CSE mice, treated with PBS or H2S donor, DATS (n=8-10, in each group). Tissue angiogenic and proliferation indices were determined by the ratios of CD31/DAPI and Ki67/DAPI staining respectively. Expression of CSE and SDF-1 in the ischemic and non-ischemic limbs was determined by immunohistochemistry; CSE and HIF-1α were measured by qRT-PCR; and ELISA to measure VEGF levels. Plasma and tissue sulfide levels were measured using the MBB/HPLC method. Flow cytometry was used to analyze bone marrow-derived, blood and skeletal muscle EPCs positive for CD34/FLK-1 staining. Results: Ischemic hind limb perfusion was significantly impaired in CSE-/- compared to WT mice, while blood flow was restored in DATS treated cohort groups and EC-CSE transgenic mice by day 14. Angiogenic and proliferation indices were decreased in CSE-/- mice, and restored by DATS treatment and in EC-CSE transgenic mice. These findings corresponded with significantly increased circulating EPCs at days 3, 5 and 7 upon DATS treatment and EC-CSE transgenic overexpression. Lastly, we observed that CSE/H2S induces EPC recruitment via SDF-1/VEGF mediated pathways that augments vasculogenesis and restoration of ischemic hind limb blood flow. Conclusion: Endothelial specific overexpression of CSE (EC-CSE) and exogenous H2S delivery reversed impaired blood flow in CSE-/- mice through EPC mediated revascularization during hind limb ischemia. Modulation of CSE mediated H2S induced revascularization might serve as a novel therapeutic approach for ischemic vascular remodeling.
Chromosome Engineering of Aspergillus oryzae and its Industrial Application (2012)

麹菌は伝統的な醸造産業だけでなく，酵素生産などバイオテクノロジー分野にも幅広く利用されている．近年，ゲノム情報が容易に入手できるようになり，相同組換え効率が向上した変異株を用いた遺伝子ターゲティングなどの技術が開発されたことから，染色体レベルでの操作が可能になり，育種研究のスピードアップが期待されている．ここでは，われわれが開発した染色体上の任意の領域を大規模に欠失させる技術を用いて，麹菌の生育に不要な遺伝子の除去による「染色体の最小化」を目指した取り組みと，これを遺伝子の機能解析に利用した例を紹介する．
Potent neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 human antibodies cure infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamster model (2021)

Abstract Treatment with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contributes to COVID-19 management. Unfortunately, SARS-CoV-2 variants can escape several of these recently approved mAbs, highlighting the need for additional discovery and development. In a convalescent COVID-19 patient, we identified six mAbs, classified in four epitope groups, that potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, alpha, beta, gamma and delta infection in vitro . In hamsters, mAbs 3E6 and 3B8 potently cured infection with SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, beta and delta when administered post-viral infection at 5 mg/kg. Even at 0.2 mg/kg, 3B8 still reduced viral titers. Intramuscular delivery of DNA-encoded 3B8 resulted in in vivo mAb production of median serum levels up to 90 μg/ml, and protected hamsters against delta infection. Overall, our data mark 3B8 as a promising candidate against COVID-19, and highlight advances in both the identification and gene-based delivery of potent human mAbs.
Using a hybrid genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic for metabolic modeling (1996)

The identification of metabolic systems is a complex task due to the complexity of the system and limited knowledge about the model. Mathematical equations and ODE&amp;apos;s have been used to capture the structure of the model, and the conventional optimization techniques have been used to identify the parameters of the model. In general, however, a pure mathematical formulation of the model is difficult due to parametric uncertainty and incomplete knowledge of mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a modeling approach that (1) uses fuzzy rule-based model to augment algebraic enzyme models that are incomplete, and (2) uses a hybrid genetic algorithm to identify uncertain parameters in the model. The hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) integrates a GA with the simplex method in functional optimization to improve the GA&amp;apos;s convergence rate. We have applied this approach to modeling the rate of three enzyme reactions in E. coli central metabolism. The proposed modeling strategy allows (1) easy incorporat...