gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raf-1 N-Terminal Sequences Necessary for Ras-Raf Interaction and Signal Transduction (1995)

Raf-1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that transduces signals from cell surface receptors to the nucleus. Interaction of Ras with a regulatory domain in the N-terminal half of Raf-1 is postulated to regulate Raf-1 protein kinase and signaling activities. To better understand molecular interactions of Ras with Raf-1 and regulation of the Raf-1 kinase, a panel of Raf-1 N-terminal mutants expressed in the baculovirus-insect cell system was used for mapping the precise region necessary for Ras interaction in the context of full-length, functional Raf-1 kinase. An 80-amino-acid sequence in Raf-1 between positions 53 and 132 was found to confer the ability to bind Ras protein in vitro and in infected insect cells. Deletion of residues 53 to 132 abolished Raf-1 kinase activation by Ras in insect cells, indicating that activation of the Raf-1 kinase by Ras requires the capacity to physically interact with Ras. By contrast, deletion of this Ras-binding site did not diminish activation of Raf-1 kinase by Src, implying that Src and Ras can activate Raf-1 through independent mechanisms. Significantly, Raf-1 mutants lacking the entire zinc finger motif or containing substitutions of two critical cysteine residues in the zinc finger retained the ability to bind Ras and to be activated by this interaction. Consistent with results obtained in the baculovirus-insect cell system, deletion of residues 53 to 132 but not mutations in the zinc finger motif abrogated the ability of kinase-inactive, dominant negative Raf-1 to block Ras-mediated signaling in Xenopus oocytes. Together, these results provide evidence that the direct physical interaction of Ras with Raf-1 amino acids 53 to 132 is required for activation of the Raf-1 kinase and signaling activities by Ras but not by Src. Furthermore, the adjacent zinc finger motif in Raf-1 is not essential either for interaction with Ras or for activation of the Raf-1 kinase.
Room‐Temperature Activation of H2 by a Surface Frustrated Lewis Pair (2019)

Abstract Surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) have been implicated in the gas‐phase heterogeneous (photo)catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 to CO and CH 3 OH by In 2 O 3− x (OH) y . A key step in the reaction pathway is envisioned to be the heterolysis of H 2 on a proximal Lewis acid–Lewis base pair, the SFLP, the chemistry of which is described as In⋅⋅⋅In‐OH + H 2 → In‐OH 2 + ⋅⋅⋅In‐H − . The product of the heterolysis, thought to be a protonated hydroxide Lewis base In‐OH 2 + and a hydride coordinated Lewis acid In‐H − , can react with CO 2 to form either CO or CH 3 OH. While the experimental and theoretical evidence is compelling for heterolysis of H 2 on the SFLP, all conclusions derive from indirect proof, and direct observation remains lacking. Unexpectedly, we have discovered rhombohedral In 2 O 3− x (OH) y can enable dissociation of H 2 at room temperature, which allows its direct observation by several analytical techniques. The collected analytical results lean towards the heterolysis rather than the homolysis reaction pathway.
Introduction to the Special Section on the HEVC Standard (2012)

Video compression, as typified by international video coding standards such as H.261, MPEG-1, H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2, H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2, and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, has grown steadily more prominent and powerful since its infancy. Reducing the bit rate required for a given subjective reproduction quality remains one of the most challenging tasks in signal processing. The task keeps on evolving by the steady increase of picture resolution and frame rate of the video signal. Moreover, video applications have expanded over the last decade from television to notebooks, smartphones, tablets, and beyond-even expanding from 2-D into stereoscopic 3-D, with autostereoscopic 3-D starting to emerge from research laboratories worldwide. Video-based applications have experienced a relentless expansion of use, along with increased quality demands-with a progression from standard definition into high definition (HD), ultra-high definition, and beyond. This special section presents a new technology developed to respond to this daunting challenge. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the next generation of compression standard. For those considering the use of HEVC in real-world products and applications, three questions are of fundamental importance. 1) What are its key technical design elements and how do they work? 2) How good is its compression capability? 3) How hard is it to implement? We have constructed this special section with one paper to answer each of these three questions.
Studying Person-Specific Pointing and Gaze Behavior for Multimodal Referencing of Outside Objects from a Moving Vehicle (2020)

Hand pointing and eye gaze have been extensively investigated in automotive applications for object selection and referencing. Despite significant advances, existing outside-the-vehicle referencing methods consider these modalities separately. Moreover, existing multimodal referencing methods focus on a static situation, whereas the situation in a moving vehicle is highly dynamic and subject to safety-critical constraints. In this paper, we investigate the specific characteristics of each modality and the interaction between them when used in the task of referencing outside objects (e.g. buildings) from the vehicle. We furthermore explore person-specific differences in this interaction by analyzing individuals' performance for pointing and gaze patterns, along with their effect on the driving task. Our statistical analysis shows significant differences in individual behaviour based on object's location (i.e. driver's right side vs. left side), object's surroundings, driving mode (i.e. autonomous vs. normal driving) as well as pointing and gaze duration, laying the foundation for a user-adaptive approach.
Technique for mechanical measurements using optical scattering from a micropipette [cells application] (1994)

This communication proposes an optical method using forward light scattering to measure the deflection of a micropipette from a normal contact force with a small elastic solid, and the damping coefficient of a small fluid sample through a dynamic interaction with the pipette. An analytical and experimental study of this sensor is performed and described for each property. Topics covered include: 1) forward light scattering technique for determining the diameter of a micropipette (using exact and simplified geometric interference theories); 2) deflection measurement and analysis on the pipette-sample system using the finite element method; and 3) equivalent damping coefficient and resonant frequency measurement of the pipette-fluid system and its numerical solution derived from the finite element model. A comparison of the experimental results and the analytical results is included to provide the means for analyzing the potential of this new method.
Power Efficiency Improvement of White Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diode with Thin Double-Emitting Layers and Hole-Trapping Mechanism (2011)

This study is carried out to discuss how to reduce the driving voltage of blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) by using a thin double-emission layer. A hole transport-type host (TCTA) is inserted between the hole transport layer (TAPC) and the emitting layer (EML), constituting a buffer layer between them with the aim of improving charge carrier balance. Furthermore, in this study, we also utilize the interface between double light-emitting layers of devices by codoping them with a red phosphorescent dopant [Os(bpftz) 2 (PPh 2 Me) 2 ]. An Os complex with a high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level (trapping holes) is codoped at the interface between emitting layers and an exciton-formation zone is expanded to obtain a white PHOLED with high efficiency. From the results, the optimal structure of the white device exhibits a yield of 35 cd A -1 , a power efficiency of 22 lm W -1 , and CIE coordinates of (0.33,0.38) at a luminance of 1000 cd m -2 . Furthermore, the power efficiency can be improved to 30 lm W -1 by attaching the outcoupling enhancement film.
A case for virtualization of content delivery networks (2011)

Content Delivery Networks have gained a popular role among application service providers (ASPs) and infrastructural companies. A CDN is an overlay network that gives more control of asset delivery by strategically placing servers closer to the end-user, reducing response time and network congestion. Many strategies have been proposed to deal with aspects inherent to the CDN distribution model. Though mostly very effective, a traditional CDN approach of statically positioned elements often fails to meet quality of experience (QoE) requirements when network conditions suddenly change. In this paper, we introduce the idea of CDN virtualization. The goal is to allow programmatically modification in CDN infrastructure designed for video distribution, adapting it to new operating conditions. We developed a complete simulator focused on CDN overlay network characteristics where we implemented several approaches for each of the CDN elements. Our results show a decrease of 20% in startup delay and network usage.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Targeting BCL2 Overcomes Resistance and Augments Response to Aurora Kinase B Inhibition by AZD2811 in Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3 shows the combination of AZD2811 and BCL2 inhibitor enhances apoptosis and cell death.&lt;/p&gt;
RIScatter: Unifying Backscatter Communication and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (2022)

Backscatter Communication (BackCom) nodes harvest energy from and modulate information over external carriers. Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) adapts phase shift response to alter channel strength in specific directions. In this paper, we unify those two seemingly different technologies (and their derivatives) into one architecture called RIScatter. RIScatter is a batteryless cognitive radio that recycles ambient signal in an adaptive and customizable manner, where dispersed or co-located scatter nodes partially modulate their information and partially engineer the wireless channel. The key is to render the probability distribution of reflection states as a joint function of the information source, Channel State Information (CSI), and relative priority of coexisting links. This enables RIScatter to softly bridge BackCom and RIS; reduce to either in special cases; or evolve in a mixed form for heterogeneous traffic control and universal hardware design. We also propose a low-complexity Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC)-free receiver that exploits the properties of RIScatter. For a single-user multi-node network, we characterize the achievable primary-(total-)backscatter rate region by optimizing the input distribution at scatter nodes, the active beamforming at the Access Point (AP), and the energy decision regions at the user. Simulations demonstrate RIScatter nodes can shift between backscatter modulation and passive beamforming.
Capacitor Mismatch Calibration Technique to Improve the SFDR of 14-Bit SAR ADC (2017)

This paper presents mismatch calibration technique to improve the SFDR in a 14-bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for wearable electronics application. Behavioral Monte-Carlo simulations are applied to demonstrate the effect of the proposed method where no complex digital calibration algorithm or auxiliary calibration DAC needed. Simulation results show that with a mismatch error typical of modern technology, the SFDR is enhanced by more than 20 dB with the proposed technique for a 14-bit SAR ADC.
Pilot spacing in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems on practical channels (1996)

The performance of two different channel interpolation methods to be used with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems are investigated. The considered schemes use constant pilot frequencies for channel response estimation. The interpolation techniques are piecewise-constant and piecewise-linear methods which due to their inherent simplicity are straightforward to implement. The results are given as error probability vs. pilot separation for a channel with exponential type power-delay profile and M-ary quadrature amplitude (MQAM) submodulation with M=4, 16 and 64.
Figure S3 from Vaccination with Designed Neopeptides Induces Intratumoral, Cross-reactive CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Peripheral blood T cell responses to v-peptides increase with repetitive vaccination. (A) PBMCs were collected 3 weeks after the 2nd peptide cocktail vaccination, and CD45RA-negative PBMCs were stimulated with 4 μg/mL Tetanus toxoid, 2 μM CEF II peptide pool or 5 μM v-peptides for 7 days. 5-10 replicate wells were tested for proliferation, and proliferation measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. CD45RA-negative PBMCs collected before vaccination were used as reference. The proliferation strength is depicted as stimulation index (SI). The red dotted line indicates a stimulatory response of SI = 2, and values above the red dotted line were considered positive. (#) indicates the peptide that was used in the vaccinations. (B) PBMCs were collected 5 weeks after the 3rd peptide cocktail vaccination, and CD45RA-negative PBMCs were stimulated with 4 μg/mL Tetanus toxoid, 2 μM CEF II peptide pool or 5 μM v-peptides for 7 days. 5-10 replicate wells were tested for proliferation, and proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. CD45RA-negative PBMCs collected before vaccination were used as the control. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, and p values were determined using an unpaired t-test. * p &lt; 0.05, ** p &lt; 0.01, *** p &lt; 0.001.&lt;/p&gt;
Solid-state 17O NMR in Biological Solids: Efficient 17O Labeling of Amino Acids and Peptides (2007)

Abstract A highly effective labeling method for 17O-enriched amino acids and peptides at moderate experimental conditions (Japanese Patent 2006-8666) has been presented, which has enabled us to readily carry out solid-state 17O NMR experiments in almost all amino acids and peptides.
Shelf Life of Minimally Processed Watermelon (1998)

In the United States, as much as 10% of the watermelon sold is as a minimally processed product. These products are prepared at the retail level as cubed flesh in plastic food containers or as halved slices wrapped in plastic film. The shelf life of these products at different temperatures is not known. In this study, `Allsweet' and `Jubilee' ripe watermelons were washed, wiped with a 5% bleach solution, and cut into transverse slices using surface-sterilized knives. Halves of these slices were sprayed with distilled water (pH 7.0) or with Natureseal plus 5% ascorbic acid (pH 4.5), wrapped with plastic film (0.05-mm thickness), and stored at 2 and 5 °C for 4 to 6 days. Weight loss of wrapped slices was 0.1 % at 2 and 5 °C after 4 days of storage and 0.5% of slices sprayed with Natureseal. Watermelon flesh became slimy after 3 and 5 days of storage at 5 and 2 °C, respectively, especially in slices treated with Natureseal. Fruit rinds developed brown stains and became very soft. In a separate study, watermelon slices (flesh and rind) placed in jars at 10 °C lost the characteristic watermelon odor after 2 days and a more pumpkin-like odor developed. Respiration after 1 day at 10 °C was 6 to 8 mL CO 2 /kg-h and increased after 5 days of storage to 13 and 25 mL CO 2 /kg-h for `Allsweet' and `Jubilee', respectively. Ethylene production was 0.04 to 0.06 μL/kg-h after 1 day of storage, increasing to 0.55 μL/kg-h after 5 days of storage. Results indicate that cut watermelon should be held at temperatures of 2 °C or less for no more than 3 days.
Bismut‐haltige p‐Dotanden mit großer Bandlücke für optoelektronische Anwendungen (2016)

Zehn neue p-Dotanden für die Leitfähigkeitsdotierung von organischen Halbleitern wurden identifiziert. Der wesentliche Vorteil der elektrophilen Tris(carboxylato)-Bismut(III)-Verbindungen ist die niedrige Absorption der damit dotierten Schichten. Diese Eigenschaft zusammen mit ihren niedrigen Herstellungskosten sowie der guten Verdampfbarkeit und Stabilität macht diese Dotanden sehr attraktiv für Anwendungen in der organischen Elektronik. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
THE PRESENTATION OF HEADWAY INFORMATION TO DRIVERS (1995)

A large projection screen was used in conjunction with a stationary vehicle to investigate the most appropriate way of presenting headway information to drivers. Videos of moving approaches to a parked vehicle were shown on the screen, and overlaid by various auditory and visual displays to simulate head-up presentation of headway information. Subjects seated in the stationary vehicle were required to operate the brake pedal to indicate the last moment at which braking must commence in order to avoid collision with the vehicle shown on video. Objective measures of subjects' braking responses were captured via activation of the brake pedal. Subjective preferences concerning the various interface options were recorded by questionnaire. Analysis of the objective data showed a significant difference between 'abstract' and 'pictorial' display conditions, with the 'abstract' condition producing earlier braking. The subjective data revealed that subjects preferred the 'abstract' visual display and a non-speech auditory display. The findings are discussed with respect to the design of collision avoidance headway displays. The work reported here was conducted under the BRIMMI project: part of the EUREKA PROMETHEUS programme. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 894848.
Indexing on modern hardware (2014)

Recent OLTP support exploits new techniques, running on modern hardware, to achieve unprecedented performance compared with prior approaches. In SQL Server, the Hekaton main-memory database engine embodies this new OLTP support. Hekaton uses the Bw-tree to achieve its great indexing performance. The Bw-Tree is a latch-free B-tree index that also exploits log-structured storage when used "beyond" Hekaton as a separate key value store. It is designed from the ground up to address two hardware trends: (1) Multi-core and main memory hierarchy: the Bw-tree is completely latch-free, using an atomic compare-and-swap instruction to install state changes on a "page address" mapping table; it performs updates as "deltas" to avoid update-in-place. These improve performance by eliminating thread blocking while improving cache hit ratios. (2) Flash storage: the Bw-tree organizes secondary storage in a log-structured manner, using large sequential writes to avoid entirely the adverse performance impact of random writes. We demonstrate the architectural versatility and performance of the Bw-tree in two scenarios: (a) running live within Hekaton and (2) running as a standalone key value store compared to both BerkeleyDB and a state-of-the-art in-memory range index (latch-free skiplists). Using workloads from real-world applications (Microsoft XBox Live Primetime and enterprise deduplication), we show the Bw-tree is 19x faster than BerkeleyDB and 3x faster than skiplists.
Identification, purification, and localization of tissue kallikrein in rat heart (1990)

A tissue kallikrein has been isolated from rat heart extracts by DEAE-Sepharose and aprotinin-affinity column chromatography. The purified cardiac enzyme has both N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester esterolytic and kinin-releasing activities, and displays parallelism with standard curves in a kallikrein radioimmunoassay, indicating it to have immunological identity with tissue kallikrein. The enzyme is inhibited by aprotinin, antipain, leupeptin and by high concentrations of soybean trypsin inhibitor, but stimulated by lima-bean or ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor and low concentrations of soybean trypsin inhibitor. By using a specific monoclonal antibody to tissue kallikrein in Western blot as well as active-site labelling with [14C]di-isopropyl fluorophosphate, the cardiac enzyme was identified as a protein of 38 kDa, a molecular mass identical with that of tissue kallikrein. Immunocytochemistry at the electron-microscopic level localized this enzyme to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and granules of rat atrial myocytes. Two cardiac kallikrein precursors, (38 and 40 kDa) were identified from the translation in vitro of heart mRNA by immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis of [35S]methionine-labelled cell-free translation products. Kallikrein mRNA in the rat heart was also demonstrated by dot-blot analysis using a tissue kallikrein cDNA probe. These results indicate that the tissue kallikrein gene is expressed in the rat heart and that the purified enzyme is indistinguishable from tissue kallikrein with respect to enzymic and immunological characteristics.
Clinical stage T1c prostate cancer: Pathologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy in black and white men (2002)

Racial differences in the incidence and mortality rate of prostate cancer are well known, but differences in the clinical and pathologic features between black and white men with prostate cancer identified solely based on an elevated serum PSA level with negative results on digital rectal examination (clinical stage T1c ) have been poorly studied. Our results suggest that men with clinical stage T1c prostate cancer have similar clinical and pathologic findings regardless of race. These results suggest that early-detection programs using serum PSA testing for prostate cancer in black men potentially can result in improvements in prostate cancer outcomes in this high-risk group.