gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotation sensitivity and shot-noise-limited detection in an exceptional-point coupled-ring gyroscope (2021)

A theoretical study is performed of the sensitivity and quantum-noise limit of a passive coupled-ring optical gyroscope operated at and detuned from its exceptional point (EP) and interrogated with a practical conventional readout system. When tuned to its EP, the Sagnac frequency splitting is proportional to the square root of the applied rotation rate, but the signal generated by the sensor is shown to be proportional to the applied rotation rate. The sensitivity is never larger, and the minimum detectable rotation rate in the quantum-noise limit never lower, than that of a standard single-ring gyro of the same radius and loss, even when the coupled-ring gyro is tuned exactly to its EP. As pointed out elsewhere for other EP sensors, in this particular passive sensor at least, there is no sensitivity or resolution benefit in operating at an EP.
InP-based single-photon detector arrays with asynchronous readout integrated circuits (2008)

We have developed and demonstrated a high-duty-cycle asynchronous InGaAsP-based photon counting detector system with near-ideal Poisson response, room-temperature operation, and nanosecond timing resolution for near-infrared applications. The detector is based on an array of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes coupled to a custom integrated circuit that provides for lossless readout via an asynchronous, nongated architecture. We present results showing Poisson response for incident photon flux rates up to 10 million photons per second and multiple photons per 3-ns timing bin.
A Virtual Plant for Integrated Continuous Manufacturing of a Carfilzomib Drug Substance Intermediate, Part 1: CDI-Promoted Amide Bond Formation (2020)

This article details process characterization efforts and the development of corresponding process models to inform a process control strategy to produce a carfilzomib drug substance intermediate, morpholine amide 3. Model calibration for relevant unit operations and development of a dynamic integrated flowsheet-level model in gPROMS FormulatedProducts software allowed an investigation of the impact of process disturbances and model uncertainties on critical quality attributes (CQAs) and identification of critical process disturbances and failure modes to guide the process control strategy. The main CQA for this step was the conversion of Boc-d-leucine monohydrate (≥95%). The model was used to ensure that a state of control would be maintained in the presence of disturbances to target process parameters. The process was found to be robust against the analyzed disturbance scenarios, including worst-case combined disturbances. One case study highlights the dynamics of flow blockage for a key reagent, N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), resulting from line clogging and the relationship between blockage duration and reaction conversion. The blockage was studied in silico, and the model demonstrated that the acceptance criteria for reaction conversion were met even with a flow rate reduction of 40%. The detrimental impact on the product concentration in the downstream process, however, required modification of the final distillation operation. The revised distillation column operation was demonstrated to address this concern and tolerated variable concentrations of morpholine amide while achieving the target water specification (<0.25 wt %). The results of this in silico analysis were verified with a production-scale demonstration of morpholine amide synthesis at a throughput of 12 kg/day to experimentally evaluate the impact of disturbances on the control strategy and overall performance of the system.
Control for Moment of Motor Inertia on EPS (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this research, we investigate the methods for controlling moment of rotational inertia in the electric power steering (EPS) system. We first look at the effects of moment of rotational inertia on conventional EPS systems. Methods for evaluating those effects and countermeasures for controlling the moment of inertia are proposed. After explaining the evaluation method, we describe a design procedure for filters for controlling the moment of rotational inertia by &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;∞ control method. We also describe the formation of low-order systems of filters obtained, in addition to control block diagrams using filters in the system and their stabilization. Finally, we have equipped a vehicle with this controlled EPS system. The evaluation results have confirmed that the moment of rotational inertia can be satisfactorily controlled.&lt;/div&gt;
The Impact of Varying the Concentration of Vinylene Carbonate Electrolyte Additive in Wound Li-Ion Cells (2011)

Wound LiCoO2/graphite and Li[Ni0.42Mn0.42Co0.16]O2/graphite cells with 1M LiPF6 EC:EMC electrolyte containing either 0, 1 or 2 wt.% vinylene carbonate were studied using the High Precision Charger at Dalhousie University, automated cell storage and AC impedance. Vinylene carbonate (VC) was found to improve the coulombic efficiency of the cells, decrease charge endpoint capacity slippage and decrease self discharge, in all cases primarily by slowing electrolyte oxidation at the positive electrode. The beneficial impacts of VC are greater in LiCoO2 cells than in Li[Ni0.42Mn0.42Co0.16]O2 cells. One percent VC is enough to derive the benefits without causing an impedance rise in the cells.
Cognitive Radio Low-Energy Signal Analysis Sensor Integrated Circuits (CLASIC): A Broadband Mixed-Signal Iterative Down Conversion Spectrum Analyzer for Signal Recognition Applications (2015)

Abstract : This research addressed the design of spectrum channelizers spanning a frequency range from baseband to several GHz. The work demonstrates power-efficient architectures that channelize the input spectrum in the analog or mixed-signal domain, in order to reduce the performance and dynamic range burden on the baseband processors that may be utilized for signal sensing or detection tasks in the digital domain. The approaches allow for full or partial spectrum analysis that can be adapted based on system requirement. Dynamic range enhancement based on active interference cancellation can be implemented. A key aspect to the channelizers is that they minimize the requirement for independent frequency synthesizers, and allow for spectrum decomposition based on the use of a single primary clock.
A Coincidence-Based Test for Uniformity Given Very Sparsely Sampled Discrete Data (2008)

How many independent samples <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> do we need from a distribution <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> to decide that <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> is epsiv-distant from uniform in an L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> sense, Sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=1</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> | <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</i> ) - 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> | > epsiv? (Here <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> is the number of bins on which the distribution is supported, and is assumed known <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">priori</i> .) Somewhat surprisingly, we only need <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> epsiv <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Gt <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> to make this decision reliably (this condition is both sufficient and necessary). The test for uniformity introduced here is based on the number of observed ldquocoincidencesrdquo (samples that fall into the same bin), the mean and variance of which may be computed explicitly for the uniform distribution and bounded nonparametrically for any distribution that is known to be epsiv-distant from uniform. Some connections to the classical birthday problem are noted.
Retrospective Analysis of the 2019 MineRL Competition on Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning (2020)

To facilitate research in the direction of sample efficient reinforcement learning, we held the MineRL Competition on Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning Using Human Priors at the Thirty-third Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2019). The primary goal of this competition was to promote the development of algorithms that use human demonstrations alongside reinforcement learning to reduce the number of samples needed to solve complex, hierarchical, and sparse environments. We describe the competition, outlining the primary challenge, the competition design, and the resources that we provided to the participants. We provide an overview of the top solutions, each of which use deep reinforcement learning and/or imitation learning. We also discuss the impact of our organizational decisions on the competition and future directions for improvement.
Deep Learning Based 6-DoF Antipodal Grasp Planning From Point Cloud in Random Bin-Picking Task Using Single-View (2023)

Random bin picking is a crucial task in logistic centers, which is driven by E-Commerce growth. In this letter, we present an end-to-end method for 6-DoF antipodal grasps from cluttered scenes. Our approach includes two main steps: finding Potential Grasp Areas (PGAs) from depth image of the bin and detecting suitable parallel grasps in PGAs from point cloud data. To support our work, the training datasets are generated automatically in Pybullet simulation environment including 5000 depth images and above 30 000 point clouds of cluttered scenes with different number of objects, which save time significantly for collecting and labeling. We implemented real grasping experiments with a robot arm UR10, 2-finger gripper, depth camera L515, and 10 objects arranged randomly in the bin to evaluate the efficiency of this method. It is simple, fast, and efficient to deal with many kinds of object which are random in shape, dimension, pose, and material.
Homogeneous Copolymers of Ethylene with α‐olefins Synthesized with Metallocene Catalysts and Their Use as Standards for TREF Calibration (2013)

Summary A range of crystalline copolymers of ethylene with α‐olefins (propene, hexene, octene and octadecene) were prepared using the complexes Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl 2 and (nBuCp) 2 ZrCl 2 activated with MAO. The average composition of the copolymers was measured using 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR. Then the samples were characterized by High Temperature SEC and DSC. These investigations showed that polymers are homogeneous in composition and consequently were suitable to be used as standards for TREF. This work provided calibrations curves for TREF that can be used on a wide range of α‐olefin contents. Finally, these calibrations curves were used to characterize heterogeneous copolymers of ethylene/hexene synthesized using a conventional Ziegler‐Natta catalyst.
Data and device protection: A ToF‐SIMS, wetting, and XPS study of an Apple iPod nano (2013)

An important aspect of the robustness of an electronic device is its ability to resist water, fingerprints, dirt, and smudges that may compromise its ability to function and/or the information within it. Here, we report a chemical analysis by ToF‐SIMS, wetting, and XPS of the surfaces in a commercially available Apple iPod nano (8GB, MC525LL/A), which showed good resistance to its environment. This analysis reveals that the front panel (touchscreen) of the device is coated with a low free energy fluorinated polymer that may consist of short segments of a fluorinated hydrocarbon connected through ether linkages. No other part of the device appears to have this hydrophobic coating. A plasma treatment of the device leads to a deterioration of its performance. This work demonstrates how different analytical techniques can complement each other and contribute to a better understanding of a surface or a material. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Carbon nanotubes from camphor by catalytic cvd (2002)

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been grown from simple pyrolysis of camphor, a botanical hydrocarbon, at 900°C for 15 min in argon atmosphere at ambient pressure using ferrocene as a catalyst. The nanotube diameter is fairly uniform (20-40 nm) and the yield is extremely high (∼90%). Structural characterization is done by SEM, TEM, HRTEM, EDX and Raman analyses. Good crystallinity, high purity, and absence of amorphous carbon and metal particles are the special features of camphor-pyrolyzed nanotubes.
Incorporating multi-channel Wiener filter with single-channel speech enhancement algorithm (2013)

The real-time implementation of the existing multi-channel Wiener filter (MWF) algorithms suffer from performance degradation due to the lack of robustness against estimation errors of the second-order statistics. The reasons are twofold: one, the estimation of the statistics relies on real voice activity detector (VAD), which often fails in adverse environments. Second, the MWF solutions involve estimation of the second order clean speech statistics, which also exaggerates the errors. This paper presents an MWF algorithm that requires neither VAD nor clean speech statistics. Performance evaluation under real scenarios shows that the proposed method outperforms the conventional MWF solution in terms of the trade-off between noise reduction and speech distortion.
Sub-Micron Moulding Topological Mass Transport Regimes in Angled Vortex Fluidic Flow (2020)

Induced mechanical energy in a thin film of liquid in an inclined rapidly rotating tube in the vortex fluidic device (VFD) can be harnessed for generating non-equilibrium conditions, which are optimal at 45o tilt angle, but the nature of the fluid flow is not understood. Through understanding that the fluid exhibits resonance behaviours from the confining boundaries of the glass surface and the meniscus that determines the liquid film thickness, we have established specific topological mass transport regimes. These topologies have been established through materials processing, as circular flow normal to the surface of the tube, double-helical flow across the thin film, and spicular flow, a transitional region where both effects contribute. This includes new phenomenological shear stressed crystallization and molecular drilling. The manifestation of these patterns has been observed by monitoring mixing times, temperature profiles, and film thickness against rotational speed of liquids in the tube. The grand sum of the different behavioural regimes is a general fluid flow model that accounts for all processing in the VFD at an optimal tilt angle of 45o, and provides a new concept in the fabrication of novel nanomaterials and controlling the organisation of matter.
Evolution of Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN): From Molecular Patterning to Materials Discovery (2020)

Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is a nanofabrication technique that can be used to directly write molecular patterns on substrates with high resolution and registration. Over the past two decades, DPN has evolved in its ability to transport molecular and material "inks" (e.g., alkanethiols, biological molecules like DNA, viruses, and proteins, polymers, and nanoparticles) to many surfaces in a high-throughput fashion, enabling the synthesis and study of complex chemical and biological structures. In addition, DPN has laid the foundation for a series of related scanning probe methodologies, for example, polymer pen lithography (PPL), scanning probe block copolymer lithography (SPBCL), and beam-pen lithography (BPL), which do not rely on cantilever tips. Structures prepared with these methodologies have been used to understand the consequences of miniaturization and open a door to new capabilities in catalysis, optics, biomedicine, and chemical synthesis, where, in sum, a process originally intended to compete with tools used by the semiconductor industry for rapid prototyping has transcended that application to advanced materials discovery. This review outlines the major DPN advances, the subsequent methods based on the technique, and the opportunities for future fundamental and technological exploration. Most importantly, it commemorates the 20th anniversary of the discovery of DPN.
Influence of optical dispersion on the performances of an electrooptic phase modulator (1992)

An equation for electrooptic modulation taking the optical dispersion into account is established using the standard perturbation method. The influence of the optical dispersion on the characteristics of an electrooptic phase modulator is analyzed with a numerical approach. The existence of an amplitude modulation due to the optical dispersion is demonstrated. For high-modulation frequencies, the dispersion can affect significantly the response of the phase modulator. The modulation factor can reach 50%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Increased prevalence of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian-Indian men (2006)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with obesity in most, but not all, ethnic groups, suggesting important ethnic differences in disease susceptibility. Although it is clear that insulin resistance plays a major role in the pathogenesis of T2DM and that insulin resistance is strongly associated with increases in hepatic (HTG) and/or intramyocellular lipid content, little is known about the prevalence of insulin resistance and potential differences in intracellular lipid distribution among healthy, young, lean individuals of different ethnic groups. To examine this question, 482 young, lean, healthy, sedentary, nonsmoking Eastern Asians (n = 49), Asian-Indians (n = 59), Blacks (n = 48), Caucasians (n = 292), and Hispanics (n = 34) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test to assess whole-body insulin sensitivity by an insulin sensitivity index. In addition, intramyocellular lipid and HTG contents were measured by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The prevalence of insulin resistance, defined as the lower quartile of insulin sensitivity index, was approximately 2- to 3-fold higher in the Asian-Indians compared with all other ethnic groups, and this could entirely be attributed to a 3- to 4-fold increased prevalence of insulin resistance in Asian-Indian men. This increased prevalence of insulin resistance in the Asian-Indian men was associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in HTG content and plasma IL-6 concentrations compared with Caucasian men. These data demonstrate important ethnic and gender differences in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in Asian-Indian men and have important therapeutic implications for treatment of T2DM and for the development of steatosis-related liver disease in this ethnic group.
Adaptive Resource Allocation with Strict Delay Constraints in OFDMA System (2010)

We consider the adaptive resource allocation problem in downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system with strict packet delay constraints in the range of . In this range of delay constraints, resource optimization has to be simultaneously performed over multiple time slots. Thus optimal allocation decisions require future Channel State Information (CSI) and packet arrival rate information. The causal nature of CSI combined with the increase in the number of optimization variables makes it a very challenging problem. We propose a two-step solution by separating scheduling from subcarrier and power allocation. Our proposed causal scheduler ensures delay guarantees by deriving a minimum data rate out of the user queues while minimizing transmit power in every time slot. The output rates are fed to the resource allocation block and the problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem. The subcarrier and power allocation decisions are made in order to satisfy the demanded rates within the peak power constraint. We address the feasibility of the physical layer resource allocation problem and develop efficient algorithms. When the problem is infeasible we devise a strategy which incurs minimum deviation from the proposed rates for maximum number of users. We show by simulations that our proposed scheme can efficiently utilize time variations as well as multiuser diversity in the system.
ChemInform Abstract: Halichondrin B: Synthesis of the C(37)—C(54) Subunit (I). (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A General Formalization Of Stereo Vision (1988)

Developed herein is a formal theory for stereo vision which unifies existing stereo methods and predicts a large variety of stereo methods not yet explored. The notion of &quot;stereo&quot; is redefined using terms which are both general and precise giving stereo vision a broader and more rigorous foundation. The variations in imaging geometry between successive images used in parallax stereo and conventional photometric stereo techniques are extended to stereo techniques which involve variations of arbitrary sets of physical imaging parameters. Physical measurement of visual object features is defined in terms of solution loci in feature space arising from constraint equations that model the physical laws that relate the object feature to specific image features. Ambiguity in physical measurement results from a solution locus which is a subset of feature space larger than a single measurement point. Stereo methods attempt to optimally reduce ambiguity of physical measurement by intersecting solution loci obtained from successive images. A number of examples of generalized stereo techniques are presented. This new conception of stereo vision offers a new perspective on many areas of computer vision including areas that have not been previously associated with stereo vision (e.g. color imagery). As the central focus of generalized stereo vision methods is on measurement ambiguity mathematical developments are presented that characterize the &quot;size&quot; of measurement ambiguity as well as the conditions under which disambiguation of a solution locus takes place. The dimension of measurement ambiguity at a solution point is defined using the structure of a differentiable manifold and an upper bound is established using the Implicit Function theorem. Inspired by the Erlanger program of F. Klein generalized stereo methods are equivalently described by the algebraic interaction of the symmetry group of automorphisms (i.e. bijections) of feature space into itself leaving a measurement solution locus invariant, with the set of automorphisms of feature space induced by arbitrary variations of a set of physical parameters. A purely group theoretic characterization of the conditions under which measurement disambiguation takes place is given.