gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NL2Viz: natural language to visualization via constrained syntax-guided synthesis (2022)

Recent development in NL2CODE (Natural Language to Code) research allows end-users, especially novice programmers to create a concrete implementation of their ideas such as data visualization by providing natural language (NL) instructions. An NL2CODE system often fails to achieve its goal due to three major challenges: the user's words have contextual semantics, the user may not include all details needed for code generation, and the system results are imperfect and require further refinement. To address the aforementioned three challenges for NL to Visualization, we propose a new approach and its supporting tool named NL2VIZ with three salient features: (1) leveraging not only the user's NL input but also the data and program context that the NL query is upon, (2) using hard/soft constraints to reflect different confidence levels in the constraints retrieved from the user input and data/program context, and (3) providing support for result refinement and reuse.
Portable Optical Coherence Tomography in Management of Vitreoretinal Diseases: Current Developments, Indications, and Implications (2012)

The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology has greatly enhanced our understanding of vitreoretinal diseases; it has become a routine diagnostic imaging method for the evaluation of vitreoretinal abnormalities and injuries in adult and pediatric patients. The use of OCT has recently been extended beyond the offices and clinics to perioperative and intraoperative settings. The new development in high-resolution and high-speed spectral domain OCT, along with the improvement in portability, has made the device more valuable than ever before. Our article summarizes the current development of the portable OCT devices in clinical, perioperative, and intraoperative settings in the management of vitreoretinal diseases.
Achievements and challenges for the electrical performance of MOSFETs with high-k gate dielectrics (2004)

In this paper, the electrical performance of high-k dielectrics for future technology generations is discussed. Despite major achievements in the development of high-k dielectrics, such as the gate leakage reduction - which is the main motivation why high-k dielectrics are being introduced - and the successful integration in small MOSFET devices, some major problems remain to be solved. These problems are threshold voltage control and stability, mobility and drive current performance and reliability problems. Significant progress in the performance of these layers was made by the use of engineered interfaces and optimized high-k stacks.
A feature-transform based approach to unsupervised task adaptation and personalization (2012)

This paper presents a feature-transform based approach to unsupervised task adaptation and personalization for speech recognition. Given task-specific speech data collected from a deployed service, an “acoustic sniffing” module is built first by using a so-called i-vector technique with a number of acoustic conditions identified via i-vector clustering. Unsupervised maximum likelihood training is then performed to estimate a task-dependent feature transform for each acoustic condition, while pre-trained HMM parameters of acoustic models are kept unchanged. Given an unknown utterance, an appropriate feature transform is selected via “acoustic sniffing”, which is used to transform the feature vectors of the unknown utterance for decoding. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed in a task adaptation scenario from a conversational telephone speech transcription task to a short message dictation task. The same method is expected to work for personalization as well.
Provably Efficient Online Nonclairvoyant Adaptive Scheduling (2008)

Multiprocessor scheduling in a shared multiprogramming environment can be structured in two levels, where a kernel-level job scheduler allots processors to jobs and a user-level thread scheduler maps the ready threads of a job onto the allotted processors. We present two provably-efficient two-level scheduling schemes called G-RAD and S-RAD respectively. Both schemes use the same job scheduler RAD for the processor allotments that ensures fair allocation under all levels of workload. In G-RAD, RAD is combined with a greedy thread scheduler suitable for centralized scheduling; in S-RAD, RAD is combined with a work-stealing thread scheduler more suitable for distributed settings. Both G-RAD and S-RAD are non-clairvoyant. Moreover, they provide effective control over the scheduling overhead and ensure efficient utilization of processors. We also analyze the competitiveness of both G-RAD and S-RAD with respect to an optimal clairvoyant scheduler. In terms of makespan, both schemes can achieve O(1)-competitiveness for any set of jobs with arbitrary release time. In terms of mean response time, both schemes are O(1)-competitive for arbitrary batched jobs. To the best of our knowledge, G-RAD and S-RAD are the first non-clairvoyant scheduling algorithms that guarantee provable efficiency, fairness and minimal overhead.
The Kallikrein-Kinin System and Hypertension (2007)

Tissue (glandular or renal) kallikrein (E.C. 3.4.21.35) belongs to a subgroup of serine proteinases and processes low molecular weight kininogen substrate to release vasoactive kinin peptides (1). The well-recognized function of tissue kallikrein is mediated by lysyl-bradykinin (Lys-BK or kallidin) and bradykinin (BK), which consist of 10 and 9 amino-acid peptides, respectively. Kinins are then degraded by enzymes such as kininases I and II and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) to produce a number of kinin metabolites or inactive fragments. Intact kinins bind to kinin B2 receptors, whereas kinin metabolites, such as Des-Arg9-BK or Des-Arg10-Lys-BK, bind to kinin B1 receptors. The physiological functions of the KKS are mediated by the constitutively expressed B2 receptor. Unlike the B2 receptor, the B1 receptor is expressed at low levels in the heart, vasculature, and kidney and is induced by trauma or inflammation (2). The binding of kinins to their respective receptors activates second messengers such as NO, cGMP, prostacyclin, and cAMP, which trigger a broad spectrum of biological effects including vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, inflammation, and pain (3, 4). Figure 1 shows the inter-relationship of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system components.
Holographic Fingerprint Sensor (1989)

The fingerprint sensor that we developed uses a hologram. Two requirements are important for actual use; laser safety and high-contrast images. The illumination method we developed uses total reflection and a new type of detection. For safety, total-reflection lighting ensures that laser beams cannot enter an operator&apos;s eyes. To obtain high-contrast images, signal and noise light were separated.
Self‐Assembly of Precision Noble Metal Nanoclusters: Hierarchical Structural Complexity, Colloidal Superstructures, and Applications (2021)

Ligand protected noble metal nanoparticles are excellent building blocks for colloidal self-assembly. Metal nanoparticle self-assembly offers routes for a wide range of multifunctional nanomaterials with enhanced optoelectronic properties. The emergence of atomically precise monolayer thiol-protected noble metal nanoclusters has overcome numerous challenges such as uncontrolled aggregation, polydispersity, and directionalities faced in plasmonic nanoparticle self-assemblies. Because of their well-defined molecular compositions, enhanced stability, and diverse surface functionalities, nanoclusters offer an excellent platform for developing colloidal superstructures via the self-assembly driven by surface ligands and metal cores. More importantly, recent reports have also revealed the hierarchical structural complexity of several nanoclusters. In this review, the formulation and periodic self-assembly of different noble metal nanoclusters are focused upon. Further, self-assembly induced amplification of physicochemical properties, and their potential applications in molecular recognition, sensing, gas storage, device fabrication, bioimaging, therapeutics, and catalysis are discussed. The topics covered in this review are extensively associated with state-of-the-art achievements in the field of precision noble metal nanoclusters.
Fast 4*4 intra-prediction based on the most probable mode in H.264/AVC (2008)

In this paper, we analyze that the best mode for intra-prediction can be changed by the RD cost related with the bit to signal the prediction mode according to whether the most probable mode (MPM) and the prediction mode are same or not. With this understanding, we propose a fast 4 × 4 intra-prediction based on the MPM in the H.264/AVC. This algorithm uses a defined RD cost including the minimum bit to signal the prediction modes excluded the MPM as a threshold. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is capable of reducing the overall encoding time by 36% and the overall intra-prediction time by 47% compared to the full search, with negligible loss of quality.
SHREC'12 Track: 3D Mesh Segmentation (2012)

3D mesh segmentation is a fundamental process in many applications such as shape retrieval, compression, deformation, etc. The objective of this track is to evaluate the performance of recent segmentation methods using a ground-truth corpus and an accurate similarity metric. The ground-truth corpus is composed of 28 watertight models, grouped in five classes (animal, furniture, hand, human and bust) and each associated with 4 ground-truth segmentations done by human subjects. 3 research groups have participated to this track, the accuracy of their segmentation algorithms have been evaluated and compared with 4 other state-of-the-art methods.
Nucleic acid binding drugs. X. A theoretical study of proflavine intercalation into RNA and DNA fragments: comparison with crystallographic results (1984)

The minimum-energy structure for the interactions of the intercalation drug proflavine with the dinucleoside phosphates cytidylyl-3',5'-guanosine and deoxycytidylyl- 3',5'-deoxyguanosine have been found by means of a combination of computer graphics and empirical energy calculations. The minimum-energy positions for the drug, given the crystallographically observed nucleotide backbone conformations as starting points, are very close to the positions in the crystal structures of the complexes, with the intercalated proflavine molecule inserted from the majorgroove direction in each case. Alternative orientations for the drug were found to be much less stable. NMR studies in solution [Patel (1979). 2739-2754; Patel & Canuel (1977). Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 74, 2624-2628] are fully consistent with these observations. The finding in this study of close correspondence between observed and calculated structures for the drug complexes implies that the 'soft' parameterization of the force field used here, with its considerable advantages in computational speed over a more rigorous approach, may be especially helpful in combined molecular graphics and energetic approaches to drug-receptor binding.
A one-dimensional model for wall motion coercivity in magneto-optic media (1991)

A numerical one-dimensional model for domain-wall structure in magneto-optic materials has been developed. It is assumed that the source of coercivity is a variation in micromagnetic parameters such as the exchange constant. A classical domain wall is placed at location of the change in the parameters and allowed to relax. Then, the coercivity is computed by slowly increasing a magnetic field until the wall breaks away from this well. In an illustrative example, a decrease in exchange, which permits a higher rate of spin rotation in the wall, distorts the classical domain-wall shape, and this distortion has to be reduced as the wall tries to break away.
Extremely Nondegenerate Third-Order Nonlinearities in Semiconductors (2016)

Semiconductors show enhanced two-photon absorption (2PA) and nonlinear refraction (n2) when the photons have greatly different energies, ND. We measure ND-2PA spectra and ND-n2 and discuss potential applications including a possible 2-photon laser.
Lithium-Ion Capacitor Energy Storage Integrated With Variable Speed Wind Turbines for Power Smoothing (2013)

Utilization of wind energy in modern power systems creates many technical and economical challenges that need to be addressed for successful large scale wind energy integration. Variations in wind velocity result in variations of output power produced by wind turbines. Variable power output becomes a challenge as the share of wind energy in power systems increases. Large power variations cause voltage and frequency deviations from nominal values that may lead to activation of protective relay equipment, which may result in disconnection of the wind turbines from the grid. Particularly community wind power systems, where only one or few wind turbines supply loads through a weak grid such as distribution network, are sensitive to supply disturbances. Energy storage integrated with wind turbines can address this challenge. In this paper, Li-ion capacitors are investigated as a potential solution for filtering power variations at the scale of tens of seconds. A novel topology and control technique has been introduced to integrate capacitors and power conversion circuitry. Modeling and scaled-down experimental results are provided to verify the theoretical analyses.
Two-Stage Desorption-Controlled Release of Fluorescent Dye and Vitamin from Solution-Blown and Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Containing Porogens (2013)

In the present work, a systematic study of the release kinetics of two embedded model drugs (one completely water soluble and one partially water soluble) from hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanofiber mats was conducted. Fluorescent dye Rhodamine B was used as a model hydrophilic drug in controlled release experiments after it was encapsulated in solution-blown soy-protein-containing hydrophilic nanofibers as well as in electrospun hydrophobic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-containing nanofibers. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), a partially water-soluble model drug, was also encapsulated in hydrophobic PET-containing nanofiber mats, and its release kinetics was studied. The nanofiber mats were submerged in water, and the amount of drug released was tracked by fluorescence intensity. It was found that the release process saturates well below 100% release of the embedded compound. This is attributed to the fact that desorption is the limiting process in the release from biopolymer-containing nanofibers similar to the previously reported release from petroleum-derived polymer nanofibers. Release from monolithic as well as core-shell nanofibers was studied in the present work. Moreover, to facilitate the release and ultimately to approach 100% release, we also incorporated porogens, for example, poly(ethylene glycol), PEG. It was also found that the release rate can be controlled by the porogen choice in nanofibers. The effect of nanocracks created by leaching porogens on drug release was studied experimentally and evaluated theoretically, and the physical parameters characterizing the release process were established. The objective of the present work is a detailed experimental and theoretical investigation of controlled drug release from nanofibers facilitated by the presence of porogens. The novelty of this work is in forming nanofibers containing biodegradable and biocompatible soy proteins to facilitate controlled drug release as well as in measuring detailed quantitative characteristics of the desorption processes responsible for release of the model substance (fluorescent dye) and the vitamin (riboflavin) in the presence of porogens.
cnvCapSeq: detecting copy number variation in long-range targeted resequencing data (2014)

Targeted resequencing technologies have allowed for efficient and cost-effective detection of genomic variants in specific regions of interest. Although capture sequencing has been primarily used for investigating single nucleotide variants and indels, it has the potential to elucidate a broader spectrum of genetic variation, including copy number variants (CNVs). Various methods exist for detecting CNV in whole-genome and exome sequencing datasets. However, no algorithms have been specifically designed for contiguous target sequencing, despite its increasing importance in clinical and research applications. We have developed cnvCapSeq, a novel method for accurate and sensitive CNV discovery and genotyping in long-range targeted resequencing. cnvCapSeq was benchmarked using a simulated contiguous capture sequencing dataset comprising 21 genomic loci of various lengths. cnvCapSeq was shown to outperform the best existing exome CNV method by a wide margin both in terms of sensitivity (92.0 versus 48.3%) and specificity (99.8 versus 70.5%). We also applied cnvCapSeq to a real capture sequencing cohort comprising a contiguous 358 kb region that contains the Complement Factor H gene cluster. In this dataset, cnvCapSeq identified 41 samples with CNV, including two with duplications, with a genotyping accuracy of 99%, as ascertained by quantitative real-time PCR.
Interactive computer support of geographically separated design teams (2003)

A prototype shell system is described which gives single-user applications multiuser interfaces by linking workstations together. The system was designed to be independent of any particular application program, and to operate over low-bandwidth communications links. The limitations of previous techniques were overcome through the use of a parallel processing approach. A preliminary evaluation of the approach is presented, based on experiences with the prototype system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Utilizing Displayless Space in Collocated Games (2009)

Digital games have often been viewed as anti-social.However, this view has been recently changing as social aspects of games are gaining more emphasis.We explore the usage of physical space to enable socially richer game experiences.In particular, we utilize the spatial relationship between portable gaming devices to show multiple views into a shared game world.Similar multi-display systems have been studied in desktop PC environments to address the usability problems caused by gaps and bezels between the displays.In this paper, we demonstrate that this source of problems in utility applications can be a design opportunity in games.We implemented and evaluated two games that are played by two players using touch-screen controlled portable devices on a table.Results of our qualitative study show that the displayless space between the devices can be used to increase challenge, create positive surprises, stimulate imagination, and provoke social interaction in games.We also identified some design pitfalls that may break the illusion of a coherent space.
A Novel Millimeter-Wave Channel Simulator and Applications for 5G Wireless Communications (2017)

This paper presents details and applications of a novel channel simulation software named NYUSIM, which can be used to generate realistic temporal and spatial channel responses to support realistic physical- and link-layer simulations and design for fifth-generation (5G) cellular communications. NYUSIM is built upon the statistical spatial channel model for broadband millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication systems developed by researchers at New York University (NYU). The simulator is applicable for a wide range of carrier frequencies (500 MHz to 100 GHz), radio frequency (RF) bandwidths (0 to 800 MHz), antenna beamwidths (7 to 360 degrees for azimuth and 7 to 45 degrees for elevation), and operating scenarios (urban microcell, urban macrocell, and rural macrocell), and also incorporates multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays at the transmitter and receiver. This paper also provides examples to demonstrate how to use NYUSIM for analyzing MIMO channel conditions and spectral efficiencies, which show that NYUSIM is an alternative and more realistic channel model compared to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and other channel models for mmWave bands.
Improvement of the dermal epidermal junction in human reconstructed skin by a new c-xylopyranoside derivative. (2008)

Skin aging entails drastic changes in the extracellular dermal matrix (ECM) and dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). These biological alterations are reflected in the clinical signs of aged skin. A new C-xylopyranoside derivative, C-beta-D-xylopyranoside-2-hydroxy-propane (C-Xyloside) has been shown to induce neo-synthesis of matrix proteins such as glycosaminoglycans and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of C-Xyloside on markers of the dermal epidermal junction. Basement membrane components, collagen IV, collagen VII and laminin 5 as well as sub-epidermal dermal markers, pro-collagen I and fibrillin 1 were analysed using immunohistochemistry in a reconstructed skin model, including a dermal equivalent populated with living fibroblasts. Levels of mRNA of collagen VII alpha1 and collagen IV alpha1 were evaluated in dermal fibroblasts using RT-PCR. The results showed that C-Xyloside significantly induced a higher deposition of basement membrane and DEJ proteins in the reconstructed skin model and increased collagen VII gene expression. These findings indicate that, in addition to stimulating glycosaminoglycan and heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression, C-Xyloside improves the morphogenesis of the whole DEJ, and strongly suggests beneficial effects in aged skin from restoring DEJ integrity.
Long-term protection of recipient mice from lethal doses of methotrexate by marrow infected with a double-copy vector retrovirus containing a mutant dihydrofolate reductase. (1994)

A double-copy Moloney murine leukemia virus-based retroviral construct containing both the NEOr gene and a mutated dihydrofolate reductase cDNA (Leu 22-->Arg) was used to infect mouse bone marrow cells. The infected mouse marrow was returned to lethally irradiated mice. Primary, secondary, and even tertiary recipients transplanted with bone marrow cells infected with the recombinant virus showed protection from lethal methotrexate toxicity. The viral construct containing a SV-40 promoter in the U3 region of the 3' long terminal repeat appeared to be more effective than a similar construct containing the adenosine deaminase promoter, although both afforded protection. Evidence for integration into blood cells of both the NEOr gene and the mutated dihydrofolate reductase gene was obtained by polymerase chain reaction; sequencing of the amplified dihydrofolate reductase cDNA showed the presence of the point mutation. These results indicate that early hematopoietic progenitor cells in the mouse can be successfully transduced with a drug resistance gene.
Magnetic leverage effects in amorphous SmCo/CoAlZr heterostructures (2015)

Although magnetic heterostructures are the basis of many magnetic technologies, the mechanisms involved in magnetization reversals in such structures are not fully understood, especially in amorphous multilayers. Here, we report on the SmCo/CoAlZr system and exploit resonant magnetic x-ray scattering to probe the element specific magnetization reversals. When combined into a tri-layer structure, two different switching fields and reversal mechanisms are observed for the Sm and Co sub-lattices. We argue that the decoupling of the sub-lattices arises from the local distribution of atomic species within the amorphous matrix leading to a strong magnetic leverage effect and exchange pinning. The decoupling arises due to strong interactions between regions of high Co density which span the interface. The relatively sparse interactions between Sm and Co induce a localized pinning of the Co-rich areas, resulting in an exchange bias in minor loops and an enhanced coercivity.