gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of micro-lenses in quartz (2006)

A one-step micromachining process, which utilizes laser assisted chemical wet etching is applied for the fabrication of plano-convex micro-lens arrays in quartz, which are used as beam homogenizers for high power lasers.
Novel multi-band matching scheme for highly efficient power amplifier (2009)

This paper proposes a novel multi-band matching scheme employing a multisection transformer in multi-band power amplifiers (PAs) that are applicable to spectrum aggregation technology. One section of the transformer, which comprises two reactive blocks, is designed to achieve matching in one of the required operation bands. Tank circuits installed in that section are used to prevent deviation in the matching caused by the section in other bands. A 1W-class triple-band PA following the proposed scheme achieves a maximum power added efficiency of greater than 54% with a high output power of greater than 30 dBm in three different frequencies, i.e., 1.47 GHz, 1.94 GHz, and 2.65 GHz.
Cerebral blood flow measurement by dynamic contrast MRI using singular value decomposition with an adaptive threshold (1999)

Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a promising deconvolution technique for use in dynamic contrast agent magnetic resonance perfusion imaging. Computer simulations, however, show that the selection of the threshold for SVD affects the accuracy of the cerebral blood flow measurements and may distort the shape of the vascular residue function. In this report, a pixel-by-pixel thresholding method is proposed based on the signal-to-noise ratio of the concentration time curve at maximum concentration (SNRC). Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the optimal threshold for different SNRC. This technique was used to analyze data from six healthy volunteers, resulting in a mean gray to white matter cerebral blood flow ratio of 2.67 +/- 0.07. This value is in excellent agreement with values published in the literature.
Robust and Probabilistic Failure-Aware Placement (2016)

Motivated by the growing complexity and heterogeneity of modern data centers, and the prevalence of commodity component failures, this paper studies the failure-aware placement problem of placing tasks of a parallel job on machines in the data center with the goal of increasing availability. We consider two models of failures: adversarial and probabilistic. In the adversarial model, each node has a weight (higher weight implying higher reliability) and the adversary can remove any subset of nodes of total weight at most a given bound W and our goal is to find a placement that incurs the least disruption against such an adversary. In the probabilistic model, each node has a probability of failure and we need to find a placement that maximizes the probability that at least K out of N tasks survive at any time.
Pro-adrenomedullin to predict severity and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia [ISRCTN04176397] (2006)

ProADM, as a novel biomarker, is a useful tool for the risk stratification of patients with CAP.
Chiral Silylation Reagents for the Determination of Absolute Configuration by NMR Spectroscopy (2000)

We have investigated the use of chiral silylating reagents as analytical probes for determining the absolute stereochemistry of natural products by NMR spectroscopy. These reagents are prepared in high chemical yield in one step and can be used to derivatize chiral allylic alcohols which are incompatible with ester-based methodologies. Microscale ( approximately 400 nmol) derivatization conditions have been defined. The resulting siloxane diastereomers are readily distinguished by their (1)H NMR spectra.
A non-power series approach to Wiman-Valiron type theorems (2016)

we improve three theorems of Wiman-Valiron type without the use of power series.
A FPGA partial reconfiguration design approach for cognitive radio based on NoC architecture (2008)

A cognitive radio is the final point of software-defined radio platform evolution : a fully reconfigurable radio that changes its communication modules depending on network and/or user demands. His definition on reconfigurability is very broad and we only focus on the heterogeneous reconfigurable hardware platform for cognitive radio. software defined radio (SDR) basically refers to a set of techniques that permit the reconfiguration of a communication system without the need to change any hardware system element. The goal of Software Defined Radio is to produce communication devices which can support several different services. These terminals must adapt their hardware structure in function of the wireless networks such as GSM, UMTS, wireless LAN standards like IEEE 802.11a/b/g As a consequence, NoC offer good perspectives to future SoC in the way to satisfy SDR concept. Conception, validation and evaluation of solutions for NoC design (mapping of cores, topology, FIFO and link sizes) is conducted through simulations. We are proposing to extend the NoC structure to a FPGA where PR (Partial Reconfiguration) is used to dynamically reconfigure the requested IP block of the telecommunication chain. This work is part of our contribution for E2RII project and IDROMEL project.
Noninvasive sensors in critical care medicine: near-infrared spectroscopy for the detection of altered microvascular blood flow in severe sepsis and septic shock (2006)

It is estimated that 750,000 cases of severe sepsis occur in the United States annually, at least 225,000 of which are fatal, resulting in significant utilization of healthcare resources and expenses. Significant progress in the understanding of pathophysiology and treatment of this condition has been made lately. Among the newer treatment strategies for critically ill patients are the administration of early goal directed therapy, and Recombinant Human Activated Protein C (Drotrecogrin alfa (activated) [DTAA]) for severe sepsis. However, mortality remains unacceptably high.
Discovering Blind Spots in Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Agents trained in simulation may make errors in the real world due to mismatches between training and execution environments. These mistakes can be dangerous and difficult to discover because the agent cannot predict them a priori. We propose using oracle feedback to learn a predictive model of these blind spots to reduce costly errors in real-world applications. We focus on blind spots in reinforcement learning (RL) that occur due to incomplete state representation: The agent does not have the appropriate features to represent the true state of the world and thus cannot distinguish among numerous states. We formalize the problem of discovering blind spots in RL as a noisy supervised learning problem with class imbalance. We learn models to predict blind spots in unseen regions of the state space by combining techniques for label aggregation, calibration, and supervised learning. The models take into consideration noise emerging from different forms of oracle feedback, including demonstrations and corrections. We evaluate our approach on two domains and show that it achieves higher predictive performance than baseline methods, and that the learned model can be used to selectively query an oracle at execution time to prevent errors. We also empirically analyze the biases of various feedback types and how they influence the discovery of blind spots.
Étiologies génétiques des leuco-encéphalopathies de l'adulte (2010)

Les leuco-encephalopathies genetiques de l’adulte constituent un vaste champ de pathologies hereditaires ayant en commun l’atteinte exclusive ou predominante de la substance blanche encephalique. La demarche diagnostique initiale pour le clinicien, une fois l’hypothese de leuco-encephalopathie genetique evoquee, consiste a determiner s’il est en presence d’une leuco-encephalopathie d’origine vasculaire, metabolique ou genetique autre (non vasculaire-non metabolique). L’approche clinique est souvent insuffisante et la demarche diagnostique repose avant tout sur l’IRM cerebrale. En faveur d’une origine vasculaire, on retiendra l’atteinte des capsules externes de la partie mediane du pont et l’existence de microsaignements en echo de gradient. En faveur d’une maladie metabolique, on retiendra l’atteinte specifique de certains groupes de neurones ou de faisceaux (atteinte fasciculaire) et l’existence d’une polyneuropathie associee qui peut etre demyelinisante, axonale ou mixte. Les autres leuco-encephalopathies genetiques (non vasculaires et non metaboliques) ont en general des aspects neuroradiologiques caracteristiques qu’il convient de savoir reconnaitre.
Surface acoustic wave generation and detection in quantum paraelectric regime of SrTiO$_3$-based heterostructure (2023)

Strontium titanate (STO), apart from being a ubiquitous substrate for complex-oxide heterostructures, possesses a multitude of strongly-coupled electronic and mechanical properties. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) generation and detection offers insight into electromechanical couplings that are sensitive to quantum paraelectricity and other structural phase transitions. Propagating SAWs can interact with STO-based electronic nanostructures, in particular LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ (LAO/STO). Here we report generation and detection of SAW within LAO/STO heterointerfaces at cryogenic temperatures ($T\ge$~2 K) using superconducting interdigitated transducers (IDTs). The temperature dependence shows an increase in the SAWs quality factor that saturates at $T\approx 8 $ K. The effect of backgate tuning on the SAW resonance frequency shows the possible acoustic coupling with the ferroelastic domain wall evolution. This method of generating SAWs provides a pathway towards dynamic tuning of ferroelastic domain structures, which are expected to influence electronic properties of complex-oxide nanostructures. Devices which incorporate SAWs may in turn help to elucidate the role of ferroelastic domain structures in mediating electronic behavior.
The Method of Evaluation for Facial Sag by the Analysis of Topography around Nasolabial Groove. (2001)

従来から, さまざまな方法でたるみの評価はなされてきたが, 微細な変化の定量化が困難であるという問題点があった。そこで今回, 写真スコアによるたるみの評価において, 基準の一つとなっている鼻唇溝の形状を, 70μmの面内精度をもつモアレ3次元解析装置を用いて測定し, 評価する方法を開発した。年齢とたるみスコアの正の相関を確認した10代-60代の健常女性118名を, モアレにより撮影し, 鼻腔直下を水平に切断したときの頬ライン (鼻唇溝の形状曲線) の一次微分曲線を求め, その鼻唇溝部分での最大値を用いてたるみの評価を行う可能性を検討した。その結果, 一次微分曲線の最大値は加齢と共に増加し, たるみスコアとも有意な相関を示したことから, 本法が実際の見た目を反映したたるみの評価方法として有効であることが示された。さらに, 顔面形状の個人差を考慮して, 鼻唇溝の鼻腔側の傾きを基準としたときの最大値 (傾きの変化量) を用いて検討した結果, 年齢, たるみスコアともより高い相関性を示した。以上のことより, 鼻唇溝の形状をモアレ3次元解析装置を用いて測定する本法は, 微細な変化を定量できるたるみの評価方法として有効であることが示された。
Quantitative x-ray dark-field computed tomography (2010)

The basic principles of x-ray image formation in radiology have remained essentially unchanged since Röntgen first discovered x-rays over a hundred years ago. The conventional approach relies on x-ray attenuation as the sole source of contrast and draws exclusively on ray or geometrical optics to describe and interpret image formation. Phase-contrast or coherent scatter imaging techniques, which can be understood using wave optics rather than ray optics, offer ways to augment or complement the conventional approach by incorporating the wave-optical interaction of x-rays with the specimen. With a recently developed approach based on x-ray optical gratings, advanced phase-contrast and dark-field scatter imaging modalities are now in reach for routine medical imaging and non-destructive testing applications. To quantitatively assess the new potential of particularly the grating-based dark-field imaging modality, we here introduce a mathematical formalism together with a material-dependent parameter, the so-called linear diffusion coefficient and show that this description can yield quantitative dark-field computed tomography (QDFCT) images of experimental test phantoms.
Effect of Dissolved Gases on the Evolution of a Vapor Cavity Formed During Explosive Evaporation (2011)

Abstract With reference to developed microfluidic systems, an experimental investigation is performed to define the effect of dissolved gases on the explosive evaporation of liquid in a confined microchamber. A stroboscopic imaging technique was used to visualize the stages of explosive evaporation. It was found that for liquids containing dissolved gases, a large, long-living gas bubble forms under the impulsively heated surface. During vapor cavity growth and collapse, the gas bubble is deformed and destroyed. Complicated bubble structures are formed. A gas bubble strongly damps the growth of the vapor cavity, which should be considered for design purposes. Keywords: microfluidic systemsexplosive evaporationdissolved gasesvapor cavity growth and collapse
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic control measures on amblyopia treatment: a retrospective study of records from a tertiary eye hospital in China (2023)

The number of amblyopia patient hospital visits spiked well above prepandemic levels following lockdown periods. This pattern of patient behaviour can inform planning for amblyopia treatment services during and after public health-related disruptions.
Millimeter-wave mobile communications for 5G: Challenges and opportunities (2016)

The bandwidth shortage experienced by wireless communication has motivated the use of the under-utilized millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum for future 5G broadband mobile communication networks. Successful deployment of mmWave mobile communication systems requires sufficient knowledge of the mmWave propagation channel. This paper discusses the characteristics of the mmWave propagation channel, and highlights the main challenges, solutions and benefits associated with the use of mmWaves. The paper also discusses some open research topics that are crucial for the development of 5G mmWave mobile communications.
Pretreatment of Serum Containing Hemoglobin Vesicles (Oxygen Carriers) to Prevent Their Interference in Laboratory Tests (2003)

Hemoglobin vesicles (HbV, diameter: 251 +/- 81 nm) are artificial oxygen (O2) carriers encapsulating concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) solution with phospholipid bilayer membrane, and their O2 transporting ability in vivo has been extensively studied. It is important to clarify the interference of the HbV suspension in clinical laboratory tests performed on serum and to establish a pretreatment method to avoid such an interference. The HbV suspension, acellular Hb solution ([Hb] = 10 g/dl) or saline, was mixed with a pooled human serum at various ratios up to 50 vol% ([Hb] = 5 g/dl), and the magnitude of the interference effect of HbV and Hb on 30 analytes was studied. The mixture of the HbV suspension and serum was ultracentrifuged (50,000 g, 20 min) to remove the HbV particles as precipitate, and the supernatant was analyzed and compared with the saline control group. The HbV particles were also removed by centrifugation (2,700 g, 30 min) in the presence of dextran (Mw 200 kDa). The HbV suspension showed considerable interference effects in most analytes. The majority of these effects was more serious than those of the acellular Hb solution. These findings are thought to be due to the light absorption of Hb in HbV and/or the light scattering generated in the suspension that interferes with the colorimetric and turbidimetric measurements. The components of HbV may also interfere with the chemical reactions of the studied assays. However, removal of the HbV from the supernatant diminished the interference in most of the assays: this is an advantage of HbV in comparison with acellular chemically modified Hb solutions.
Z-scan measurement of the ground and excited state absorption cross sections of Cr/sup 4+/ in yttrium aluminum garnet (1999)

Z-scan measurements of the ground and excited state absorption cross sections of Cr/sup 4+/-doped yttrium aluminum garnet are reported. These quantities are found to depend on crystal preparation but are independent of temperature from -60/spl deg/C to 98/spl deg/C. Their ratio is shown to weakly determine the energy output of a passively Q-switched Nd:glass laser using this material as the saturable absorber.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiviral Agents. Part 27. Aminomethynylation of 5‐Oxo‐2‐pyrazoline‐3‐ carboxylic Acid. (1986)

Abstract Die Oxopyrazolincarbonsäure bzw. ihr Ester (I) werden mit s‐Triazin (II) zu (III) aminomethinyliert.
Pd-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Benzylic Alcohols by Formic Acid: A Mechanistic Study (2013)

A palladium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenolysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary benzylic alcohols by formic acid has been developed and studied. The product hydrocarbons were obtained in excellent yields from both secondary and tertiary benzylic alcohols and in good yields for primary benzylic alcohols. The rate of disappearance of 1-phenylethanol (1) follows zero-order dependence in 1 and first-order dependence in formic acid and palladium. Catalytic amounts of base inhibit a competing disproportionation reaction of alcohol to alkane and ketone, and an optimum was obtained when 5 equiv of base to palladium was used. Deuterium kinetic isotope studies for the transfer hydrogenolysis reveal individual isotope effects for the hydridic position (kCHOH/kCDOH = 2.26 ± 0.24) and the protic position (kCHOH/kCHOD = 0.62 ± 0.06) of the formic acid. Simultaneous deuteration in both positions of formic acid gave a combined isotope effect of (kCHOH/kCDOD = 1.41 ± 0.11). We propose a mechanism involving the following steps: a competitive inhibition of the open palladium site by adsorption of the formate anion to generate formato-palladium species, followed by a reversible protonation and a rate-limiting hydride transfer to obtain the active palladium with chemisorbed hydrogen that performs the hydrogenolysis of the alcohol in a fast reaction step.
SuperBreak (2008)

Repetitive strain injuries and ergonomics concerns have become increasingly significant health issues as a growing number of individuals frequently use computers for long periods of time. Currently, limited software mechanisms exist for managing ergonomics; the most well-known are packages that schedule and recommend typing breaks. Yet despite the proven benefits of taking breaks, such packages are rarely adopted due to the over-head of introducing periodic interruptions into a user's workflow. In this paper, we describe SuperBreak, a break-reminder package that provides hands-free interactions during breaks, with the goal of encouraging users to take more breaks and enhancing the benefits of those breaks. In a field study of 26 knowledge workers, 85% preferred SuperBreak over a traditional break-reminder system, and on average participants took a higher percentage of the interactive breaks suggested to them. Our results highlight the value of interactivity for improving the adoption and retention of ergonomic break practices.
Distributed hierarchical control architecture for integrating smart grid assets during normal and disrupted operations (2023)

Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for facilitating operation and control of a resource distribution system (such as a power grid). Among the disclosed embodiments is a distributed hierarchical control architecture (DHCA) that enables smart grid assets to effectively contribute to grid operations in a controllable manner, while helping to ensure system stability and equitably rewarding their contribution. Embodiments of the disclosed architecture can help unify the dispatch of these resources to provide both market-based and balancing services.
Contributed Review: Camera-limits for wide-field magnetic resonance imaging with a nitrogen-vacancy spin sensor (2018)

Sensitive, real-time optical magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond relies on accurate imaging of small (≪10<sup>-2</sup>), fractional fluorescence changes across the diamond sample. We discuss the limitations on magnetic field sensitivity resulting from the limited number of photoelectrons that a camera can record in a given time. Several types of camera sensors are analyzed, and the smallest measurable magnetic field change is estimated for each type. We show that most common sensors are of a limited use in such applications, while certain highly specific cameras allow achieving nanotesla-level sensitivity in 1 s of a combined exposure. Finally, we demonstrate the results obtained with a lock-in camera that paves the way for real-time, wide-field magnetometry at the nanotesla level and with a micrometer resolution.
Auto-Personalization: Theory, Practice and Cross-Platform Implementation (2012)

In an increasing digital society, access to information and communication technologies (ICT) is no longer just helpful but has become a necessity.However, the human interfaces appearing on these ICT (and increasingly, even common household products) are beyond of the abilities of many people with disability, digital literacy, or aging related limitations.Access to these ICT is essential to these individuals yet it is not possible to create an interface that is usable by all.This paper introduces a new approach to autopersonalization that is based on the development of the Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure (GPII).The GPII is a new international collaborative effort between users, developers and industry to build a sustainable infrastructure to make access to all digital technologies technically and economically possible, including access by users who are unable to use or understand today's technologies.Based on a one-sizefits-one approach, the GPII uses auto-adapting mainstream interfaces, and ubiquitous access to assistive technologies when mainstream interfaces cannot adapt enough, to provide each user with the interface they need.The GPII has three main components: a mechanism to allow individuals to easily discover which interface variations they need and then store it in a secure way on a token or in the cloud; a mechanism to allow them to use these stored needs and preferences to automatically adapt the interfaces on the digital technologies they encounter, anywhere and anytime; and a resource for developers (mainstream and assistive technology) providing the information and tools required to develop, disseminate, and support new access solutions more simply, more quickly, and at lower cost.
Dynamic modeling and robust controller design of a two-stage parallel cable robot (2004)

Cable robots have been extensively used for the loading and unloading of cargo in shipping industries. In this paper, we look at a two-stage cable robot, i.e., a cable robot with two moving platforms connected in series. Sea conditions introduce disturbance into the system. This disturbance is considered while modeling the dynamics of the two-stage cable robot. A robust controller is designed which can assure robust tracking of the desired end-effector trajectory in the presence of the disturbance. The simulation results presented show the effectiveness of the controller.
Redox Electrodes: Anion‐Selective Redox Electrodes: Electrochemically Mediated Separation with Heterogeneous Organometallic Interfaces (Adv. Funct. Mater. 20/2016) (2016)

On page 3394, T. A. Hatton and co-workers present redox-electrodes functionalized with poly(vinyl)ferrocene. These electrodes exhibit high selectivity in the electrochemically-mediated, reversible adsorption of organic anions from electrolyte solutions, unravelling the specific interactions between the organic moieties and the polymers. The heterogeneous organometallic interfaces show great promise for molecular sensing, chemical purification, and environmental separations. Photo credit: Felice C. Frankel.