gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
F-103 Cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 is required to trigger pyroptotic death of CD4 T cells in lymphoid tissue (2014)

The progressive depletion of CD4 T cells causes clinical progression to AIDS in untreated HIV-infected subjects. Most dying CD4 T cells correspond to resting nonpermissive cells residing in lymphoid tissues. These cells die predominantly because of an innate immune response against the incomplete cytosolic viral DNA intermediates that accumulate in these cells. The DNA is detected by the IFI16 sensor leading to inflammasome assembly, caspase 1 activation, and the induction of pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death. We now show that cell-to-cell transmission of HIV is obligately required for activation of this death pathway. Cell-free HIV-1 virions, even when added in large quantities, fail to activate pyroptosis. These findings underscore infected CD4 T cell as the major killing units promoting progression to AIDS and highlight a previously unappreciated role for the virological synapse.
A relaxor ferroelectric single crystal cut resulting in larged312and zerod311for a shear mode accelerometer and related applications (2012)

Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals exhibit anisotropic piezoelectric behavior. This enables the use of a combination of crystal cut and poling to obtain piezoelectric properties optimized for certain applications. This work describes a crystal cut that is optimized for applications where a strong face shear mode d312 coupling is desired with a zero d311 or zero d322 piezoelectric coefficient. Such a crystal cut enables the production of stack actuators in a long bar shape with the electric field perpendicular to the bar length. These bars can be cantilevered with a mass at the end to produce a highly sensitive shear mode accelerometer. The zero value of d311 or d322 eliminates a possible extensional mode coupling along the length of the bar. Only one of d311 or d322 can be made equal to zero, the other having a negative value.
Hermetic Packaging of Micro Scanner for Laser Display Applications (2005)

Laser display technologies have been developed for an excellent expression of natural color, low power consumption and a long lifetime compared to other advanced displays, such as LCD, PDP and other projection type displays. The micro scanner is one of the key devices to make possible the raster scanning type laser projection displays. And the hermetic package of the micro scanner should be required for the protection from the environmental variations so as to keep the driving behavior uniform. Hermetic package can be ensured when the package is sealed hermetically without generating any outgases in the cavity. Thus, the hermetic sealing process was optimized through DOE (Design of Experiment) method using the Sn-In-Ag solder alloys instead of adhesives. And the characterizations of the packages were carried out in terms of hermeticity, shear strength, and interface microstructures. As a result, we’ve got about 2E−9 atm cc/sec He leak rate, which is low enough to pass the standard (MIL-STD-883E). Shear strength was as high as ∼80 MPa. The C-mode SAM images showed the continuous sealing area without any voids. In addition, the interfacial microstructures revealed good adhesion to the both parts, the glass lid and the ceramic package.
Ultrahigh-Temperature Polymers for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics. Synthesis and Properties of Robust, Processable, Chromophore-Embedded Polyimides (2000)

A general, convergent approach to the synthesis of a series of stilbene- and azo-based donor−acceptor, second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores is reported. The synthetic strategy enables preparation of both acid- and base-reactive structures, yielding protected, diamine-functionalized chromophores which can be liberated using either acidic or alkaline regents for incorporation into polyimide backbones. Three such chromophores, bis(4-aminophenyl)[4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl)vinyl)phenyl]amine, bis(4-aminophenyl)[4-(2-(6-nitrobenzothiazol-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl]amine, 2-[4-((4-(bis(4-aminophenyl)amino)phenyl)diazenyl)phenyl]-2-phenyl-1,1-dicyanoethylene, all having high thermal stabilites, were synthesized, characterized, and condensed with hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride or 2-(1,3-dioxoisobenzofuran-5-ylcarbonyloxy)ethyl 1,3-dioxoisobenzofuran-5-carboxylate to yield six high glass transition temperature polyimides (Tg as high as 313 °C) for use as poled NLO materials. After casting as thin films, curing, and electric field corona poling, these materials exhibit χ(2) (1064 nm) responses as high as 82.0 pm/V and negligible decay in response upon aging in air at 100 °C for over 1000 h.
172: Human Stem Cells in a Photopolymerizable Hydrogel - The Next Generation of Engineered Tissue (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Saturday, May 8, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 2004172: Human Stem Cells in a Photopolymerizable Hydrogel - The Next Generation of Engineered Tissue Jennifer Miles-Thomas, Jennifer H. Elisseeff, Nelly Morales, Dominic Frimberger, John P. Gearhart, and Yegappan Lakshmanan Jennifer Miles-ThomasJennifer Miles-Thomas More articles by this author , Jennifer H. ElisseeffJennifer H. Elisseeff More articles by this author , Nelly MoralesNelly Morales More articles by this author , Dominic FrimbergerDominic Frimberger More articles by this author , John P. GearhartJohn P. Gearhart More articles by this author , and Yegappan LakshmananYegappan Lakshmanan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37434-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "172: Human Stem Cells in a Photopolymerizable Hydrogel - The Next Generation of Engineered Tissue." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 46 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 46 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Jennifer Miles-Thomas More articles by this author Jennifer H. Elisseeff More articles by this author Nelly Morales More articles by this author Dominic Frimberger More articles by this author John P. Gearhart More articles by this author Yegappan Lakshmanan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Spiro[4.4]nonatetraene and spiro[4.4]nona-1,3,7-triene. Synthesis and properties. Effects of spiroconjugation (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpiro[4.4]nonatetraene and spiro[4.4]nona-1,3,7-triene. Synthesis and properties. Effects of spiroconjugationM. F. Semmelhack, J. S. Foos, and S. KatzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 22, 7325–7336Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00803a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00803a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views836Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Author response: A molecular portrait of maternal sepsis from Byzantine Troy (2016)

Why and how have some bacteria evolved to cause illness in humans? One way to study bacterial evolution is to search for ancient samples of bacteria and use DNA sequencing technology to investigate how modern bacteria have changed from their ancestors. Understanding the evolution process may help researchers to understand how some bacteria become resistant to the antibiotics designed to kill them. Complications that occur during pregnancy, including bacterial infections, have long been a major cause of death for women. Now, Devault, Mortimer et al. have been able to sequence the DNA of bacteria found in tissue collected from a woman buried 800 years ago in a cemetery in Troy. Some of the woman’s tissues had been well preserved because they had calcified (probably as the result of infection), which preserved their structure in a mineralized layer. Two mineralized “nodules” in the body appear to be the remains of abscesses. Some of the human DNA in the nodules came from a male, suggesting that the woman was pregnant with a boy and that the abscesses formed in placental tissue. Sequencing the DNA of the bacteria in the abscess allowed Devault, Mortimer et al. to diagnose the woman’s infection, which was caused by two types of bacteria. One species, called Gardnerella vaginalis, is found in modern pregnancy-related infections. The DNA of the ancient samples was similar to that of modern bacteria. The other bacteria species was an ancient form of Staphylococcus saprophyticus, a type of bacteria that causes urinary tract infections. However, the DNA of the ancient S. saprophyticus bacteria is quite different to that of the bacteria found in modern humans. Instead, their DNA sequence appears more similar to forms of the bacteria that infect currently livestock. As humans lived closely with their livestock at the time the woman lived, her infection may be due to a type of bacteria that passed easily between humans and animals. Overall, the results suggest that the disease-causing properties of bacteria can arise from a wide range of sources. In addition, Devault, Mortimer et al. have demonstrated that certain types of tissue found in archeological remains are a potential gold mine of information about the evolution of bacteria and other microbes found in the human body.
Compatibility of High-Moisture Storage for Biochemical Conversion of Corn Stover: Storage Performance at Laboratory and Field Scales (2018)

Wet anaerobic storage of corn stover can provide a year-round supply of feedstock to biorefineries meanwhile serving an active management approach to reduce the risks associated with fire loss and microbial degradation. Wet logistics systems employ particle size reduction early in the supply chain through field-chopping which removes the dependency on drying corn stover prior to baling, expands the harvest window, and diminishes the biorefinery size reduction requirements. Over two harvest years, in-field forage chopping was capable of reducing over 60% of the corn stover to a particle size of 6 mm or less. Aerobic and anaerobic storage methods were evaluated for wet corn stover in 100 L laboratory reactors. Of the methods evaluated, traditional ensiling resulted in <6% total solid dry matter loss (DML), about five times less than the aerobic storage process and slightly less than half that of the anaerobic modified-Ritter pile method. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the anaerobic storage, a field demonstration was completed with 272 dry tonnes of corn stover; DML averaged <5% after 6 months. Assessment of sugar release as a result of dilute acid or dilute alkaline pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis suggested that when anaerobic conditions were maintained in storage, sugar release was either similar to or greater than as-harvested material depending on the pretreatment chemistry used. This study demonstrates that wet logistics systems offer practical benefits for commercial corn stover supply, including particle size reduction during harvest, stability in storage, and compatibility with biochemical conversion of carbohydrates for biofuel production. Evaluation of the operational efficiencies and costs is suggested to quantify the potential benefits of a fully-wet biomass supply system to a commercial biorefinery.
A mobile gait monitoring system as an assistive tool for rehabilitation: design and experimentation (2010)

Conventionally, rehabilitation treatments for gait disorders are performed by physical therapists in a clinical setting. Although an array of equipment, such as motion capture devices and multi-directional force plates, has been devised to provide the physical therapists with more objective diagnostic data, restriction of the time and space limits the effective use of such devices. To overcome this limitation various wearable sensors for patients to directly monitor their health conditions anywhere at anytime have been studied in recent years. In this paper, a mobile gait monitoring system (MGMS) is introduced, which integrates Smart Shoes and the monitoring algorithms in a mobile microprocessor with a touch screen display. The mobility of the MGMS allows patients to take advantage of the gait monitoring device in their daily lives. The monitoring algorithms embedded in the MGMS observe various physical quantities useful for objective gait diagnoses, such as the ground contact forces (GCFs) and the center of ground contact forces (CoGCF). Also it calculates the gait abnormality which shows how far the GCFs are from the normal GCF patterns. By the visual feedback information displayed on the MGMS, the patients can self correct their walking patterns. The preliminary results of clinical verification are also given.
iPBA: Behavioral Financial Analysis (2014)

Dealing with data is arguably one of very few commonalities between researchers of different disciplines. A year ago the interdisciplinary program for big-data analytics (iPBA) was formed with a goal of creating a forum for faculty to share thoughts and research ideas related to dealing with data. An interdisciplinary team of three faculty and two graduate students from finance and computer sciences was formed, and an extensible infrastructure was developed to collect and manage real-time twitter streams and individual stock trade data. One of the early project ideas focused on studying the social media and stock markets, which was inspired by the fact that the former may have an impact on stock prices (Hachman, 2011). We investigate whether a bi-directional intraday relationship between stock volatility and tweets exists by analyzing minute-by-minute stock price and tweet data for the 30 stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial average over a random 13-day interval from June 2 to June 18, 2014. We find strong evidence of a bi-directional relationship between returns and tweets, both between lagged innovations and current conditional volatilities and between immediate and persistent volatilities. These results may help traders achieve superior returns by buying and selling individual stocks or options.
Influenza Virus Transmission: Basic Science and Implications for the Use of Antiviral Drugs During a Pandemic (2007)

Recent and ongoing zoonotic infections of humans with avian influenza viruses have highlighted the importance of transmission in the development of an influenza pandemic. Despite the ability of H5N1 influenza viruses to grow to high titers and cause severe disease in human hosts, these viruses do not spread efficiently from human-to-human. The question of what viral, host and environmental factors are required to render an influenza virus transmissible has therefore become very topical. Recent work in the ferret model has suggested that receptor binding specificity is an important factor, but that the trait of human-like receptor recognition alone is not sufficient to confer a transmissible phenotype. In addition to the ferret, the guinea pig has been identified as a useful model host for transmission studies. Further research using these models is needed, toward understanding the molecular circumstances under which transmission can occur. A crucial role of antiviral drugs in mitigating an influenza pandemic will be to slow the spread of infection while an appropriate vaccine is in production. The efficacy of antivirals in preventing transmission is therefore of great importance. While the adamantanes, amantadine and rimantadine, have been found to fail in this respect due to the high transmissibility of drug resistant variants, the neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and zanamivir, show more promise. Anti-influenza drugs in development which show efficacy in terms of mitigating disease or viral growth should also be tested for their potential to block transmission.
Concurrent Error-Free Modulation of Adjacent Kerr Comb Lines on a Silicon Chip (2022)

We demonstrate the first error-free simultaneous modulation of multiple Kerr comb lines with cascaded SiP microdisk modulators. Data rates up to 20 Gb/s/ λ are shown, supporting the feasibility of Kerr comb-driven SiP DWDM transmitters.
CMOS Imaging Devices for New Markets of Vision Systems (2007)

This paper reviews and discusses devices, circuits, and signal processing techniques for CMOS imaging SoC's based on column-parallel processing architecture. The pinned photodiode technology improves the noise characteristics at the device level to be comparable to CCD image sensors and as a result, low-noise design in CMOS image sensors has been shifted to the reduction of noise at the circuit level. Techniques for reducing the circuit noise are discussed. The performance of the imaging SoC's greatly depends on that of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) used at the column. Three possible architectures of the column-parallel ADC are reviewed and their advantage and disadvantage are discussed. Finally, a few applications of the device and circuit techniques and the column-parallel processing architecture are described.
Nanoengineered Gd3Al2Ga3O12 Scintillation Materials with Disordered Garnet Structure for Novel Detectors of Ionizing Radiation (2019)

Abstract The search for engineering approaches to improve the scintillation properties of Gd 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 crystals and enable their production technology is of current interest. This crystal, while doped with Ce, is considered a good multi‐purpose scintillation material for detecting gamma‐quanta and neutrons. It is observed that co‐doping with Mg affected intrinsic defects in the crystal structure that create shallow electronic traps. Other point structure defects, which are based on local variations of the crystal stoichiometry, are significantly diminished by use of a co‐precipitated raw material. Nano‐structuring of the raw material enables production of a homogeneous precursor mixture for growing a crystal with minimal evaporation of Ga from the melt. The demonstrated nano‐engineering approach increased the light yield from the crystal by approximately 20%, enabling its applications in well logging.
The bcl-3 Proto-Oncogene Encodes a Nuclear IκB-like Molecule That Preferentially Interacts with NF-κB p50 and p52 in a Phosphorylation-Dependent Manner (1993)

The product of the putative proto-oncogene bcl-3 is an I kappa B-like molecule with novel binding properties specific for a subset of the rel family of transcriptional regulators. In vitro, Bcl-3 protein specifically inhibited the DNA binding of both the homodimeric NF-kappa B p50 subunit and a closely related homolog, p52 (previously p49), to immunoglobulin kappa NF-kappa B DNA motifs. Bcl-3 could catalyze the removal of these proteins from DNA. At concentrations that significantly inhibited DNA binding by homodimeric p50, Bcl-3 did not inhibit binding of reconstituted heterodimeric NF-kappa B (p50:p65), a DNA-binding homodimeric form of p65, or homodimers of c-Rel. Phosphatase treatment of Bcl-3 partially inactivated its inhibitory properties, implicating a role for phosphorylation in the regulation of Bcl-3 activity. Bcl-3, like p50, localizes to the cell nucleus. In cells cotransduced with Bcl-3 and p50, both molecules could be found in the nucleus of the same cells. Interestingly, coexpression of Bcl-3 with a p50 mutant deleted for its nuclear-localizing signal resulted in the relocalization of Bcl-3 to the cytoplasm, showing that the proteins interact in the cell. These properties contrast Bcl-3 to classically defined I kappa B, which maintains heterodimeric NF-kappa B p50:p65 in the cytoplasm through specific interactions with the p65 subunit. Bcl-3 appears to be a nuclear, I kappa B-related molecule that regulates the activity of homodimeric nuclear p50 and its homolog p52.
Effects of Ferrite Strip Mounting Positions on Millimeter Wave Isolator Characteristics (Correspondence) (1961)

The position of the ferrite strip in a field displacement type isolator is an important problem. If x and L are defined as the mounting position of the ferrite strip and the width of the rectangular waveguide, respectively, as shown in Fig. 1, then, according to Soohoo, Lax, Fox, et al., and Button, the optimum value of x ranges from 0.095L to 0.27L. The sign of the directivity (backward to forward ratio of attenuation) for very thin ferrite strip is the same if x<L/2.
Ultrafiltration‐induced decrease in relative blood volume is larger in hemodialysis patients with low specific blood volume: Results from a dialysate bolus administration study (2023)

The present study suggests that patients with higher BMI and lower Vs experience larger blood volume changes, despite similar ultrafiltration requirements. These results underline the clinical plausibility and importance of dialysate bolus-based absolute blood volume determination in the assessment of target weight, especially in view of a previous study where intradialytic morbid events could be decreased when the target weight was adjusted, based on Vs.
Pinhole diffraction holography for fabrication of high-resolution Fresnel Zone Plates (2014)

Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) play an essential role in high spatial resolution x-ray imaging and analysis of materials in many fields. These diffractive lenses are commonly made by serial writing techniques such as electron beam or focused ion beam lithography. Here we show that pinhole diffraction holography has potential to generate FZP patterns that are free from aberrations and imperfections that may be present in alternative fabrication techniques. In this presented method, FZPs are fabricated by recording interference pattern of a spherical wave generated by diffraction through a pinhole, illuminated with coherent plane wave at extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength. Fundamental and practical issues involved in formation and recording of the interference pattern are considered. It is found that resolution of the produced FZP is directly related to the diameter of the pinhole used and the pinhole size cannot be made arbitrarily small as the transmission of EUV or x-ray light through small pinholes diminishes due to poor refractive index contrast found between materials in these spectral ranges. We also find that the practical restrictions on exposure time due to the light intensity available from current sources directly imposes a limit on the number of zones that can be printed with this method. Therefore a trade-off between the resolution and the FZP diameter exists. Overall, we find that this method can be used to fabricate aberration free FZPs down to a resolution of about 10 nm.