gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The thalamo‐cortical projection of the nucleus submedius in the cat (1982)

The cortical projection of the nucleus submedius (Sm) was studied in the cat with the autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) methods. The results indicate that Sm projects topographically on to layer 3 of a distinct agranular cortical field that occupies the posterolateral gyrus proreus, the adjacent fundus of the rhinal sulcus, and the postero-ventral portion of the medial wall of the presylvian sulcus. This cortical field is denoted the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO), consonant with previous nomenclature in the rat (Krettek and Price, '77a). The more ventral part (VLO beta) is cytoarchitectonically distinct from the dorsal part (VLO alpha); the former receives input from the anterior part of Sm (Sma), while the latter receives input from the dorsal and ventral parts of Sm (Smd and Smv). A light input to superficial layer 1 of VLO probably also arises from Sm, and there may be an input to layers 5 and 6. The corticothalamic projection from VLO to Sm reciprocates the ipsilateral thalamocortical projection and also has a moderate contralateral component. A dense, subpial layer 1 input to VLO arises from cells of the ventromedial nucleus (VM) subjacent to Sm. The present experiments also indicate that clusters of cells in VM probably provide input to layer 3 of the cortex in the fundus of the presylvian sulcus, as well as area 6a beta in the lateral wall of the presylvian sulcus and the ventral bank of the cruciate sulcus. Results from the HRP experiments additionally indicate that VLO beta and the anteroventral (Smv) portion of VLO alpha are reciprocally connected with the ventral agranular insular cortex and the cingulate cortex, ipsilaterally, while the posterodorsal (Smd) portion of VLO alpha is instead connected wih specific portions of the somatosensory cortical areas bilaterally. All portions of VLO alpha appear to project to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. In light of the recent suggestion that Smd is involved with nociception (Craig and Burton, '81), the present results suggest that the related portion of VLO alpha may serve as a cortical representation for noxious stimuli.
Isothermal Thickening and Thinning Processes in Low Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene oxide) Fractions Crystallized from the Melt. 5. Effect of Chain Defects (1996)

Two-arm poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fractions with different molecular weights (MWs) have been prepared. For each fraction, both arms have equal lengths of MW = 2300 or 5500. The MWs and molecular weight distributions of two-arm PEOs after fractionation are determined from vapor pressure osmometry, gel permeation chromatography, and light scattering. Compared to linear PEO fractions with similar molecular lengths, the two-arm PEOs can be viewed as linear chains with a well-defined defect at the center of the molecule. Self-diffusion coefficients of the two-arm PEOs are measured and compared with linear PEOs having molecular lengths equivalent to both a single arm and a whole molecule. The crystallization behavior of the PEOs is monitored via wide angle X-ray diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry. Over a wide undercooling range, the two-arm PEO molecules do not appear to recognize the defects at the center of the chains during the initial stage of crystallization. During this stage of crystallization, they form nonintegral folding chain crystals having a fold length longer than the arm length. The defects are recognized only after the initial crystallization and gradually migrate to the lamellar surface through an apparent thinning process. The crystallization kinetics of the two-arm PEOs are significantly slower than those of the linear PEO molecules having a length equivalent to a single arm as well as a combined length of two arms. The melting behavior of the two-arm PEOs is, however, similar to that of linear PEOs which have a length of a single arm. The single lamellar crystal morphology of the two-arm PEOs observed via polarized light microscopy shows the faceting−rounding−refaceting effect with decreasing undercooling. Nevertheless, refaceted single crystals at very low undercoolings have a rectangular shape rather than the hexagonal one generally observed in the linear PEOs. This difference in the single crystal morphology may be caused by a change in the folding directions due to the large defects on the lamellar surfaces.
Equine pegiviruses cause persistent infection of bone marrow and are not associated with hepatitis (2020)

Pegiviruses frequently cause persistent infection (as defined by >6 months), but unlike most other Flaviviridae members, no apparent clinical disease. Human pegivirus (HPgV, previously GBV-C) is detectable in 1-4% of healthy individuals and another 5-13% are seropositive. Some evidence for infection of bone marrow and spleen exists. Equine pegivirus 1 (EPgV-1) is not linked to disease, whereas another pegivirus, Theiler's disease-associated virus (TDAV), was identified in an outbreak of acute serum hepatitis (Theiler's disease) in horses. Although no subsequent reports link TDAV to disease, any association with hepatitis has not been formally examined. Here, we characterized EPgV-1 and TDAV tropism, sequence diversity, persistence and association with liver disease in horses. Among more than 20 tissue types, we consistently detected high viral loads only in serum, bone marrow and spleen, and viral RNA replication was consistently identified in bone marrow. PBMCs and lymph nodes, but not liver, were sporadically positive. To exclude potential effects of co-infecting agents in experimental infections, we constructed full-length consensus cDNA clones; this was enabled by determination of the complete viral genomes, including a novel TDAV 3' terminus. Clone derived RNA transcripts were used for direct intrasplenic inoculation of healthy horses. This led to productive infection detectable from week 2-3 and persisting beyond the 28 weeks of study. We did not observe any clinical signs of illness or elevation of circulating liver enzymes. The polyprotein consensus sequences did not change, suggesting that both clones were fully functional. To our knowledge, this is the first successful extrahepatic viral RNA launch and the first robust reverse genetics system for a pegivirus. In conclusion, equine pegiviruses are bone marrow tropic, cause persistent infection in horses, and are not associated with hepatitis. Based on these findings, it may be appropriate to rename the group of TDAV and related viruses as EPgV-2.
Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow in a Taylor Vortex Flow Reactor (2007)

Reactor Kenji Ymawaki, Hiroyuki Hosoi, Teiji Takigawa, Mohamed Nabil Noui-Mehidi and Naoto Ohmura Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan 3 Process Research Laboratories, Kashima Plant, Eisai Co. Ltd., 22-Sunayama, Hasaki-machi, Kashima, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan 4 Energy and Thermofluids Engineering, CSIRO P.O. Box 56 Highett, Victoria 3190 Australia
Comparative Approaches to the Investigation of Responses to Stress and Viral Infection in Cattle (2007)

Fatal bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of financial losses in the cattle industry. A variety of stressors have been implicated as contributing to disease severity. However, it has proven difficult to determine the role these individual factors may play in the final outcome of this disease complex. The objective of the present investigation was to obtain proteomic, metabonomic, and elemental profiles of bovine serum samples from stressed and control animals before and after a primary viral infection to determine if these profiles could distinguish between responses to stressors and viral infection. Multivariate analysis revealed distinct differential trends in the distribution profile of proteins, metabolites, and elements following a stress response both before and after primary viral infection. A group of acute phase proteins, metabolites, and elements could be specifically linked to either a stress response (decreased serum amyloid A and Cu, increased apolipoprotein CIII, amino acids, LDL, P, and Mo) or a primary viral respiratory infection (increased apolipoprotein A1, haptoglobin, glucose, amino acids, LDL and Cu, decreased Lipid, and P). Thus, combined OMICS analysis of serum samples revealed that multimethod analysis could be used to discriminate between the complex biological responses to stress and viral infection.
Lumenal exposed regions of the D1 protein of PSII are long enough to be degraded by the chloroplast Deg1 protease (2018)

Degradation of the D1 protein of photosystem II (PSII) reaction center is a pre-requisite for the repair cycle from photoinhibition. Two types of thylakoid proteases, FtsH and Deg, have been demonstrated to participate in this process. However, the location of the proteolytic sites of the lumenal Deg1 protease within its internal sphere raised the question whether the lumenal-exposed regions of D1 are indeed long enough to reach these sites. Implanting these regions into the stable GFP rendered it sensitive to the presence of Deg1 in vitro, demonstrating that the flexible regions of D1 that protrude into the lumen can penetrate through the three side-openings of Deg1 and reach its internal proteolytic sites. This mode of action, facilitating cooperation between proteases on both sides of the thylakoid membranes, should be applicable to the degradation of other integral thylakoid membrane proteins as well.
Photothermal Deoxygenation of Graphite Oxide with Laser Excitation in Solution and Graphene-Aided Increase in Water Temperature (2010)

We report the development of a facile laser reduction method for the synthesis of laser converted graphene (LCG) from graphite oxide (GO). The method provides a solution processable synthesis of individual graphene sheets in water under ambient conditions without the use of any chemical reducing agent. We also report on the high performance of GO and LCG for the efficient conversion of the laser radiation into usable heat, particularly for heating water for a variety of potential thermal, thermochemical, and thermomechanical applications.
An analytic expression for the ultimate intrinsic SNR in a uniform sphere (2018)

The proposed formula enables rapid and direct calculation of UISNR in the central region of a sphere. The resulting UISNR value may be used, for example, as an absolute reference to assess the performance of head coils with spherical phantoms.
Power control in two-tier femtocell networks (2009)

In a two tier cellular network - comprised of a central macrocell underlaid with shorter range femtocell hotspots - cross-tier interference limits overall capacity with universal frequency reuse. To quantify near-far effects with universal frequency reuse, this paper derives a fundamental relation providing the largest feasible cellular Signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio (SINR), given any set of feasible femtocell SINRs. We provide a link budget analysis which enables simple and accurate performance insights in a two-tier network. A distributed utility- based SINR adaptation at femtocells is proposed in order to alleviate cross-tier interference at the macrocell from cochannel femtocells. The Foschini-Miljanic (FM) algorithm is a special case of the adaptation. Each femtocell maximizes their individual utility consisting of a SINR based reward less an incurred cost (interference to the macrocell). Numerical results show greater than 30% improvement in mean femtocell SINRs relative to FM. In the event that cross-tier interference prevents a cellular user from obtaining its SINR target, an algorithm is proposed that reduces transmission powers of the strongest femtocell interferers. The algorithm ensures that a cellular user achieves its SINR target even with 100 femtocells/cell-site (with typical cellular parameters) and requires a worst case SINR reduction of only 16% at femtocells. These results motivate design of power control schemes requiring minimal network overhead in two-tier networks with shared spectrum.
Increased Shear Rate Resistance and Fastest Kinetics of Erythrocyte Aggregation in Diabetes Measured With Ultrasound (2008)

Ultrasound can potentially noninvasively demonstrate, in vivo and in situ, the impact of local abnormal EA on arteriovenous flow disorders in diabetes.
Increased Mobility Induced by Addition of a Lewis Acid to a Lewis Basic Conjugated Polymer (2013)

Through simple addition of a Lewis acid to a conjugated polymer bearing a Lewis basic heteroatom, the hole transport of the polymer can be effectively p-doped resulting in a two-orders increase in hole mobility. The temperature dependent hole transport of a variety of Lewis acid concentrations are explored.
Monolayer doping and diameter-dependent electron mobility assessment of nanowires (2009)

Sub-5 nm ultrashallow junctions in planar and non-planar semiconductors are formed by use of a molecular monolayer doping method and conventional spike annealing. ~70% of the dopants are found to be electrically active, allowing for a low sheet resistance for a given dopant areal dose, and minimal junction leakage currents (<1 muA/cm<sup>2</sup>) are observed. This indicates the high-quality of the ultrashallow junctions formed by this monolayer doping method. In addition, temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V) behavior of individual InAs nanowire field-effect transistors is used to study the field-effect mobility as a function of nanowire radius. The field-effect mobility is observed to decrease with decreasing radius. The low-temperature transport behavior reveals the significant impact of surface roughness scattering on mobility degradation in smaller radius nanowires. The successful demonstration of a monolayer doping technique that does not introduce defects into the substrate, combined with a better understanding of diameter-dependent electron mobility in nanowires, contributes toward the advancement of nanoscale, electronic materials.
A Rapid, Orthogonal Synthesis of Poly(benzyl ester) Dendrimers via an “Activated” Monomer Approach (1999)

Herein we introduce the concept of an “activated” monomer approach to the synthesis of convergent dendrimers. In this method a set of chemically orthogonal monomers, one of which is an “activated” analogue of the other, is used to rapidly synthesize large, perfect dendrimers with one additional generation being added in each reaction. This method is exemplified by the efficient preparation of a new family of poly(benzyl ester) dendrimers described below.
Medicinal Chemistry Approaches to Creating Targeted Medicines (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Role of Medicinal Chemistry in Drug Discovery Evolution of Molecular Design for Subsets of Patients Combinations for Effective Therapies Biomarkers in Targeting Patients Emerging Field of Epigenetics Systems Chemical Biology Theranostics and Designing Drug Delivery Systems Rapid Progress in Further Personalizing Medicine Expected
Chikungunya Fever, Hong Kong (2006)

nasal cultures in 6 of the 11 members of the 2 families.In this niche, it was able to persist and cause a series of infections in a relatively large number of family members.Even though the S. aureus isolated from active lesions were not available for testing, the recovery of identical PVL-positive organisms from nasal cultures strongly suggests the presence of a pathogenic clone that probably caused the recurrent infections in the 6 affected family members.Our investigation highlights the high transmissibility of this PVL-producing S. aureus clone, its high attack rate, and its virulence.The intervention in this outbreak might have prevented not only subsequent recurrences of cutaneous infections but also further spread of this clone and the manifestation of even more serious infections such as necrotizing pneumonia.Increasing awareness among community-based healthcare providers of PVL-producing S. aureus infections is important to facil-
[Statistical investigation on orthodontic patients who received treatment at Fukuoka Dental College during 15 years]. (1989)

It has been fifteen years since the Department of Orthodontics started in 1973, and this report concerns mainly the results of clinical observations during these period. The results were as follows: 1) Three thousand four hundred and three patients visited during a fifteen years period and 2,065 (61%) of them received orthodontic treatment. This statistical investigation was performed on 2,065 patients. 2) The numbers of treated patients increased from 1973 to 1983 without 1980 but have almost unchanged with about 180 patients from 1984 to 1987. 3) The male patients were less than the female by the ratio of 1:1.67. As to age, the patients from 6 to 12 years old accounted for 72% of all the treated. 4) Analyzed by dental age categories, patients at the stage of III A and III B comprised 54% of all the treated. 5) Analyzed by month, the patients visited on March, July and August in spring and summer vacations. 6) Most of the patients (92%) lived in Fukuoka Prefecture and 38% of them lived in Sawara-ku, where lay in the south-western part of Fukuoka city. 7) Fifty six per cent of all patients were introduced by doctors and dentists. 8) As to malocclutions, the number of mandibular protrusion was the largest, crowding case was next, and maxillary protrusion was third. The total sum of these three cases accounted for 78% of all the treated. 9) In the initial orthodontic appliances, the use of the multi-brackets appliances was first, the chin cap appliances was second and plate appliances was third. The total sum of these three appliances accounted for about 73%. 10) Analyzing to age and initial orthodontic appliances, plate, chin cap, F. K. O. and I. M. A. appliances were used at the age from 7 to 8. Lingual arch appliances were also used at the age of 8. The multi-brackets appliances increased remarkably during the recent five year period and were used at the age of 10 to 11 and over 20 years.
Haploid embryonic stem cell lines derived from androgenetic and parthenogenetic rat blastocysts (2017)

The present study was conducted to establish haploid embryonic stem (ES) cell lines using fluorescent marker-carrying rats. In the first series, 7 ES cell lines were established from 26 androgenetic haploid blastocysts. However, only 1 ES cell line (ahES-2) was found to contain haploid cells (1n = 20 + X) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and karyotypic analyses. No chimeras were detected among the 10 fetuses and 41 offspring derived from blastocyst injection with the FACS-purified haploid cells. In the second series, 2 ES cell lines containing haploid cells (13% in phES-1 and 1% in phES-2) were established from 2 parthenogenetic haploid blastocysts. Only the phES-2 cell population was purified by repeated FACS to obtain 33% haploid cells. Following blastocyst injection with the FACS-purified haploid cells, no chimera was observed among the 11 fetuses; however, 1 chimeric male was found among the 47 offspring. Although haploid rat ES cell lines can be established from both blastocyst sources, FACS purification may be necessary for maintenance and chimera production.
Effect of Enkephalin and Naloxone on Vagal and Hormonal Stimulation of Pancreatic Secretion in Man (1983)

Pancreatic secretory responses to modified sham-feeding (MSF) and secretin (1 U/kg-h) infusion were examined in eight healthy subjects with and without administration of the stable enkephalin analogue (Ala-Enk) and/or naloxone. MSF produced a clear increase in pancreatic protein output, reaching about 45% of caerulein (0.5 microgram/kg-h) maximal output. This response was significantly reduced by Ala-enk (20 micrograms/kg-h) but was not affected by naloxone (40 micrograms/kg-h). Ala-Enk given during a well-sustained plateau of pancreatic response to secretin also significantly suppressed both bicarbonate and protein; the effect was not influenced by the addition of naloxone. Naloxone alone without Ala-Enk did not affect basal or stimulated pancreatic secretion. We conclude that enkephalin inhibits pancreatic secretion induced by vagal or secretin stimulation, and this inhibition does not seem to be mediated by opiate receptors of the mu type, since naloxone was ineffective in the prevention of this effect.
The Set-Valued Run-to-Run Controller with Ellipsoid Approximation (2000)

In order to successfully apply Run-to-Run (RtR) control or real time control in a semiconductor process, it is very important to estimate the process model. Traditional semiconductor process control methods neglect the importance of robustness due to the estimation methods they use. A new approach, namely the set-valued RtR controller with ellipsoid approximation, is proposed to estimate the process model from a completely di#erent point of view. Because the set-valued RtR controller identifies the process model in the feasible parameter set which is insensitive to noises, the controller is robust to the environment noises. Ellipsoid approximation can significantly reduce the computation load for the set-valued method. In this paper, the Modified Optimal Volume Ellipsoid (MOVE) algorithm is used to estimate the process model in each run. Design of the corresponding controller and parameter selection of the controller are introduced. Simulation results showed that the controller is robust to environment noises and model errors. # Phone: 301-405-6578, Fax: 301-314-9281, Email: zchang@isr.umd.edu + This work was supported by the Center for Satellite and Hybrid Communication Networks, under NASA cooperative agreement NCC3-528 1 1
Subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline inhibit surface expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferripyochelin binding protein in vivo (1990)

The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline on surface expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ferripyochelin binding protein (FBP) and P. aeruginosa virulence in a pulmonary infection model in rats were examined. Rats were inoculated intratracheally with P. aeruginosa strain DG1 embedded in agar beads. One half of the inoculated animals served as untreated controls while the other half received daily injections of 15 mg/kg tetracycline. FBP was shown to be surface exposed in bacteria isolated from control animals using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. No FBP was detectable, however, on the surface of bacteria isolated from the lungs of animals treated with tetracycline. The numbers of bacteria recovered from the lungs of infected animals did not differ between control and tetracycline treated groups, although the degree of pathology observed in tetracycline treated animals was significantly lower than in untreated controls (P = 0.002, one way ANOVA). Sub-inhibitory doses of tetracycline reduced proteolytic activity in vitro, but had no effect on the activities of exotoxin A or exoenzyme S. These studies suggest that exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline can repress FBP surface expression as well as proteolytic activity in P. aeruginosa leading to a significant decrease in lung injury during infections due to this organism.