gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tumor-targeted CD40 agonist CEA-CD40 promotes T cell priming via a dual mode of action by increasing antigen delivery to dendritic cells and enhancing their activation (2022)

Tumor-targeted CD40 agonism represents an attractive strategy for cancer immunotherapy (CIT) as it promotes dendritic cell (DC) activation and concomitant tumor-specific T cell priming without causing systemic side effects. We developed the bispecific CD40 agonistic antibody CEA-CD40, which triggers CD40 stimulation exclusively in the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a glycoprotein specifically expressed on tumor cells. In this study, we demonstrate that CEA-CD40 can enable potent in vitro DC activation and consecutive T cell cross-priming in a CEA-specific manner. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CEA-CD40 increases colocalization of CEA<sup>+</sup> tumor material and DCs. Using CEA<sup>+</sup> tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are known to be an excellent tumor antigen source, we show that CEA-CD40 mediates delivery of CEA<sup>+</sup> EVs to DCs. Importantly, our data indicates that this fosters acquisition of tumor EV major histocompatibility complex I/peptide complexes by DCs, consequently improving CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell priming against EV-associated antigen in vitro. Thus, we provide mechanistic evidence for a dual mode of action of CEA-CD40 for CIT: we suggest that CEA-CD40 has the potential to activate DCs and in addition can promote their loading with tumor antigen derived from EVs to trigger tumor-specific T cell cross-priming.
An 8K4K-resolution 60fps 450ke−-saturation-signal organic-photoconductive-film global-shutter CMOS image sensor with in-pixel noise canceller (2018)

There is a growing demand for high-resolution and high-reality cameras for use in broadcasting, surveillance, and various other systems. Conventional papers report on research and development of 8K ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) systems, 8K full-resolution cameras [1], and 8K 240fps cameras that employ stacked sensors [2]. In these camera systems, a rolling-shutter method is used for scanning, since a global-shutter method has an area tradeoff between the photoelectric conversion region and the charge storage region [3-5]. However, this leads to a shutter distortion problem during the high-speed imaging and synchronization of multi-viewpoint imaging. To overcome this problem, a CMOS image sensor is developed that has an 8K4k resolution, a 60fps frame rate, and a 450ke <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> saturation signal, with an organic photoconductive film (OPF) laminated on the pixel circuits. Even with small (e.g., 3μσι) pixels, a global shutter can be realized without degradation of the saturation signal [6]. However, there still remains a requirement to achieve 8K4K resolution at 60fps readout speed. There are three potential strategies to achieve this: 1) high-speed cancellation of reset noise in single storage-type global shutter pixels, 2) high-speed readout with a long vertical signal line, and 3) high-saturation in global-shutter mode. For 1), in the conventional case, a feedback amplifier (FBAMP) is allocated to each column to affect noise cancellation, but there is a long noise suppression time due to the large time constant of the vertical signal line. An in-pixel noise canceller is developed to shorten the noise suppression time even when the length of the vertical signal line becomes four times longer than with a Full High Definition (FHD) sensor. Moreover, to utilize the advantages of the OPF image sensor's stacked structure, high-capacitance Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) capacitors are allocated in the metal interconnect area. For 2), since the photoelectric conversion film is present at the upper layer, the photoelectric conversion characteristics are not affected, even if the number of vertical signal lines is increased. Therefore, two pairs of quadruple vertical signal lines are used for each vertical 8 pixels, and 16 sample-and-hold (S/H) capacitors are provided in each column. For 3), a high saturation circuit is developed without increasing the pixel size.
Inexpensive approach to dielectric measurements (2012)

Split post dielectric resonators (SPDR) are commonly used for measurements of complex permittivity and losses measurements of many materials. The permittivity of the sample is calculated basing on the change in a resonance curve of the loaded and unloaded SPDR. The paper presents an inexpensive replacement for Vector Network Analyser normally used to determine the resonator's Q-factor. The proposed system is recommended for those customers, who don't need such rich-featured equipment as VNAs.
Research Directions in Database Security VI: Proceedings of the Rome Laboratory Multilevel Database Security Workshop (6th) Held at the Southwest Harbor, Maine on 22-24 June 1994. (1995)

Abstract : This report documents the proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Database Security, which was sponsored by Rome Laboratory. This workshop was held in Southwest Harbor, Maine, during 22-24 June 1994, and is the sixth in a series of database security workshops sponsored by Rome Laboratory. This workshop addressed current results of research projects in the area of multilevel database security. The topics addressed included multilevel database models, object-oriented database management, multilevel secure database management system architectures, system assurance, distributed and federated secure database management, inference control, usability of trusted database management systems, and the transition of technology from the research community to products and systems.
Identification of Hidden Population Structure in Time-Scaled Phylogenies (2020)

Population structure influences genealogical patterns, however, data pertaining to how populations are structured are often unavailable or not directly observable. Inference of population structure is highly important in molecular epidemiology where pathogen phylogenetics is increasingly used to infer transmission patterns and detect outbreaks. Discrepancies between observed and idealized genealogies, such as those generated by the coalescent process, can be quantified, and where significant differences occur, may reveal the action of natural selection, host population structure, or other demographic and epidemiological heterogeneities. We have developed a fast non-parametric statistical test for detection of cryptic population structure in time-scaled phylogenetic trees. The test is based on contrasting estimated phylogenies with the theoretically expected phylodynamic ordering of common ancestors in two clades within a coalescent framework. These statistical tests have also motivated the development of algorithms which can be used to quickly screen a phylogenetic tree for clades which are likely to share a distinct demographic or epidemiological history. Epidemiological applications include identification of outbreaks in vulnerable host populations or rapid expansion of genotypes with a fitness advantage. To demonstrate the utility of these methods for outbreak detection, we applied the new methods to large phylogenies reconstructed from thousands of HIV-1 partial pol sequences. This revealed the presence of clades which had grown rapidly in the recent past and was significantly concentrated in young men, suggesting recent and rapid transmission in that group. Furthermore, to demonstrate the utility of these methods for the study of antimicrobial resistance, we applied the new methods to a large phylogeny reconstructed from whole genome Neisseria gonorrhoeae sequences. We find that population structure detected using these methods closely overlaps with the appearance and expansion of mutations conferring antimicrobial resistance. [Antimicrobial resistance; coalescent; HIV; population structure.].
Diffractive Optics in the Infrared (DiOptIR) LDRD 67109 final report. (2005)

This diffractive optical element (DOE) LDRD is divided into two tasks. In Task 1, we develop two new DOE technologies: (1) a broad wavelength band effective anti-reflection (AR) structure and (2) a design tool to encode dispersion and polarization information into a unique diffraction pattern. In Task 2, we model, design, and fabricate a subwavelength polarization splitter. The first technology is an anti-reflective (AR) layer that may be etched into the DOE surface. For many wavelengths of interest, transmissive silicon DOEs are ideal. However, a significant portion of light (30% from each surface) is lost due to Fresnel reflection. To address this issue, we investigate a subwavelength, surface relief structure that acts as an effective AR coating. The second DOE component technology in Task 1 is a design tool to determine the optimal DOE surface relief structure that can encode the light's degree of dispersion and polarization into a unique spatial pattern. Many signals of interest have unique spatial, temporal, spectral, and polarization signatures. The ability to disperse the signal into a unique diffraction pattern would result in improved signal detection sensitivity with a simultaneous reduction in false alarm. Task 2 of this LDRD project is to investigate the modeling, design, and fabrication of subwavelength birefringent devices for polarimetric spectral sensing and imaging applications. Polarimetric spectral sensing measures the spectrum of the light and polarization state of light at each wavelength simultaneously. The capability to obtain both polarization and spectral information can help develop target/object signature and identify the target/object for several applications in NP&MC and national security.
Thermoreversible Behavior of Associating Polymer Solutions:  Thermothinning versus Thermothickening (2005)

Self-assembling properties of poly(sodium acrylate) grafted with dodecyl [C12], PAAgC12, or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [PNIPA] side chains, PAAgPNIPA, were studied in unentangled semidilute aqueous solution. While PAAgC12 self-associates through hydrophobic interactions, the gelation of PAAgPNIPA is triggered by heating in response to the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPA (LCST ∼ 32 °C). The local structure of the physical networks was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering, and the scattering patterns were described using a polydisperse sphere model taking into account hard-sphere interactions. This model allow us to draw a realistic picture of physical gels with quantitative information concerning the size of hydrophobic cores, the volume fraction of stickers in the aggregates, the fraction of stickers which take part in the aggregation process, the range of repulsive interactions, and the structural modifications induced by temperature. The description of the network is in good agreement with complementary data obtained from DSC and 13C NMR. In the present work, a special emphasis has been given to the important relationship existing between the viscoelastic properties of associating polymer solutions and the binding energy of stickers leaving temporarily the micellar junction. Depending on the endothermic or exothermic nature of the disengagement process of the sticker (heat of demicellization), the relaxation time of the network and the viscoelastic properties will either decrease or increase with the temperature. The consequence is that aqueous solutions of PAAgC12 and PAAgPNIPA exhibit opposite rheological properties with the temperature, namely thermothinning and thermothickening. By mixing these two copolymers, we show that intermediate properties can be obtained but in that case a microphase-separated network is obtained as a result of copolymer segregation.
The NLRP3 inflammasome in progressive multiple sclerosis (2020)

This scientific commentary refers to ‘NLRP3 inflammasome as prognostic factor and therapeutic target in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients’, by Malhotra et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa084).
In vitro intracellular trafficking of biodegradable nanoparticles dextran-spermine in cancer cell lines (2011)

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of cationic dextran on the proliferation rate and biosynthetic activities of HT29, a human colonic adenocarcinoma, and MCF7, a human breast cancer cell line. Cationic dextran was prepared by means of reductive-amination between oxidised dextran and the natural oligoamine, spermine. Biological evaluations including cell proliferation assay, and cell cycle were studied. Flow cytometery was performed in order to determine the biological behaviour of cationic dextran after internalised into the cells. Our results clearly indicated that the cationic dextran was not toxic to the cells when the concentration was 5 μg/ml or lower. The results of the cell cycle flow cytometery indicated that the means of R2 in HT29, MCF7 and HeLa cells were less than 5 three days after treatment with 5 μg/ml of cationic dextran. We conclude that the toxicity of cationic dextran is dose dependent and it is not toxic at concentration lower than 5 μg/ml, and tolerable by the cells, and it can be used as a tool for gene delivery.
Total Synthesis of Natural 8- and 9-Membered Lactones:  Recent Advancements in Medium-Sized Ring Formation (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Synthesis of Natural 8- and 9-Membered Lactones: Recent Advancements in Medium-Sized Ring FormationIsamu ShiinaView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1, 239–273Publication Date (Web):December 22, 2006Publication History Received1 June 2006Published online22 December 2006Published inissue 1 January 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050045ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050045oresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8731Altmetric-Citations289LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Chemical synthesis,Lactones,Organic compounds,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Neonatal maternal separation elevates thalamic corticotrophin releasing factor type 1 receptor expression response to colonic distension in rat. (2010)

These results suggested an up-regulation of thalamus CRF-R1 is associated with visceral hyperalgesia in the rat model of NMS.
A novel channel coding scheme for digital RF transmitter comprising a 1-bit band-pass delta-sigma modulator (2014)

We propose a novel channel coding scheme for 1-bit digital radio frequency (DRF) transmitter comprising a 1-bit band-pass delta-sigma modulator (BP-DSM). This 1-bit DRF transmitter outputs radio signals generated only by a digital circuit instead of an analog circuit. In addition, the 1-bit DRF transmitter can handle arbitrary modulated waveform as the 1-bit digital pulse train, thereby making it easy to transmit RF signal on a digital optical link whenever using DRF signal as the binary data. However, the optical link usually does not send data, having long run length, and has to use a channel coding such as 8B10B, 64B66B and Manchester coding, which needs additional data and causes DRF power spectrum change. To this end, we proposed a novel channel coding scheme able to control the run length without any additional data while converting the RF signal to a 1 bit digital train. We demonstrated that a new coding scheme shortens the run length from 38 bits to less than 7 bits even if the 1-bit DRF transmitter outputs an LTE signal with 5MHz bandwidth in the carrier frequency from 0.5 GHz to 2 GHz.
Process dependencies of optical proximity corrections (2001)

Optical Proximity Correction has emerged as an industry standard technique to reproduce the desired shapes on wafers as pattern dimensions are approaching the optical resolution limits. However secondary effects, if not properly controlled, may impede successful application of this technique. In order to better assess these factors we have divided the overall pattern formation process into several obvious components: The illumination system, mask, projection optics, resist system and finally etch processes. Each one of these components influences the optical proximity effects observed in the final pattern. The dependence of optical proximity corrections on the type of illumination is fairly well known and will only be touched on. Variations in the mask manufacturing process such as deviations of the mask critical dimension from its nominal value will be discussed. The type of e-beam exposure tool used to write the mask was found to have profound impact on optical proximity correction and therefore specifying the type of mask writing tool and sometimes even its writing mode to ensure reproducible results is required. Lens aberrations in the optical exposure tool and their impact were studied using aerial image simulations. Examples of optical proximity curves from different first generation tools show significant differences even between tools of the same type. Resist effects and the variations induced by modifying etch processes were investigated emphasizing that a fairly detailed control of the overall pattern formation process is necessary to successfully implement any OPC approach.
Perceptions of precautionary labelling among parents of children with food allergy and anaphylaxis (2013)

Consumers are choosing a gradient level of risk based on the wording of the precautionary statements and appear to be complacent about precautionary labelling. Many statements are now being disregarded by a sizeable proportion of parents of food-allergic children, including those caring for children with a past history of anaphylaxis. This may be due to inadequacies in food labelling legislation. Policies that promote greater clarity and consistent use of precautionary statements may help to deal with this complacency.
The synthesis of tricyclic cocaine analogs via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of oxidopyridinium betaines (1998)

Tricyclic cocaine analogs with a spatially fixed nitrogen lone pair were synthesized as structural probes of the dopamine transporter. A tandem cycloaddition/radical cyclization protocol was used to gain access to analog 12 with a two carbon linker between C-2 and N-8. On the other hand, the intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition reaction of betaine 13 was used to procure cocaine analog 18 and its C-3 epimer 19 in which an extra ring links N-8 to C-6. Binding studies reveal 12c and 18 to be potent DAT ligands.
X-ray Diffraction Precision Accuracy and Confidence Investigation for Determining Crystallite Size in Nanopowders. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Optical switching in nanostructured phase change materials (2018)

The chalcogenides are a unique material family, variously offering high-index dielectric, plasmonic, ‘epsilon-near-zero’ (ENZ) and topological insulator properties when their constituent elements are combined in appropriate proportions. They present a flexible, CMOS-compatible material base for nanophotonics, with compositionally-controlled optical properties and a capacity for fast, non-volatile, electrically-/optically-induced switching between amorphous and crystalline phase states with markedly different properties (refractive index, resistivity, etc.). We present recent developments in their application to the engineering of switchable all-dielectric near-infrared metamaterials, switchably plasmonic UV-visible metasurfaces, and ENZ metamaterials.
Demonstration of a Novel Twin 10×10 WSS for Application in a Flexible Spectrum, Colorless and Directionless ROADM (2013)

We propose a novel flexible spectrum colorless-directionless ROADM node that incorporates a twin MxN WSS (2 independently switched devices). A prototype LCoS-based twin 10×10 WSS is demonstrated and insertion loss, isolation performance is reported.
First Reaction of a Bare Silicon Surface with Acid Chlorides and a One-Step Preparation of Acid Chloride Terminated Monolayers on Scribed Silicon (2005)

Methyl-terminated and acyl chloride terminated monolayers are produced when silicon is scribed under mono- and diacid chlorides, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the reaction between a bare silicon surface and acid chlorides. This reaction takes place by wetting the silicon surface in the air with the acid chloride and scribing. Scribing activates the silicon surface by removing its passivation layer. We propose that scribed silicon abstracts chlorine from an acid chloride to form an Si-Cl bond and that the resulting acyl radical diffuses back to the surface to condense with the surface and form an alkyl monolayer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the presence of chlorine and shows a steady increase in the amount of carbon with increasing alkyl chain lengths of the acid chlorides. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry shows SiCl(+) species and a steady increase in representative hydrocarbon fragments with increasing alkyl chain lengths of the acid chlorides. XPS indicates that diacid chlorides react primarily at one of their ends to create acyl chloride terminated surfaces in a single step. The resulting surfaces are shown to react with various amines (piperazine, morpholine, and octylamine) and a protein. Calculations at Hartree-Fock and density functional theory levels are consistent with the proposed mechanism.
Synthetic Sonar Image Simulation with Various Seabed Conditions for Automatic Target Recognition (2022)

We propose a novel method to generate underwater object imagery that is acoustically compliant with that generated by side-scan sonar using the Unreal Engine. We describe the process to develop, tune, and generate imagery to provide representative images for use in training automated target recognition (ATR) and machine learning algorithms. The methods provide visual approximations for acoustic effects such as back-scatter noise and acoustic shadow, while allowing fast rendering with C++ actor in UE for maximizing the size of potential ATR training datasets. Additionally, we provide analysis of its utility as a replacement for actual sonar imagery or physics-based sonar data.
LB-S&T-06 NOVEL DUAL-BINDING SELECTIVE DEGRADERS OF FULL LENGTH AND SPLICE VARIANT ANDROGEN RECEPTORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER (2016)

and lack of sustainability, and more invasive surgical interventions, which also have side effects and complications. PRX302 (topsalysin) is a genetically modified pore-forming protein (aerolysin) activated intraprostatically only by enzymatically active PSA, and thus a specific, highlytargeted, localized approach to lysing cells in the prostate transition zone.