gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Network Traffic Control and Bandwidth Allocation (2010)

A broadband integrated network carries a large volume of traffic, and the traffic may be from many different types of sources and have diverse characteristics. It is necessary to allocate network resources and control this traffic to achieve two fundamental goals: satisfy the QoS (quality of service) requirements of network users, and maximize network usage. The issues of call admission, routing, and bandwidth allocation are interrelated. This chapter introduces a traffic model for cell traffic that will be useful for the study of flow control. It approximates the round-robin service discipline with a fluid-flow service model that is compatible with the fluid-flow source traffic model. The chapter discusses the on-off source model. It focuses on a stochastic analysis of the system and the derive performance data such as average delay and buffer-overflow probability. The chapter uses the fluid-flow model to discuss several traffic-shaping mechanisms. Controlled Vocabulary Terms broadband communication; Channel allocation; flow control; quality of service; stochastic processes; telecommunication traffic; valves
Single-cell analyses of renal cell cancers reveal insights into tumor microenvironment, cell of origin, and therapy response (2021)

Diverse subtypes of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) display a wide spectrum of histomorphologies, proteogenomic alterations, immune cell infiltration patterns, and clinical behavior. Delineating the cells of origin for different RCC subtypes will provide mechanistic insights into their diverse pathobiology. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to develop benign and malignant renal cell atlases. Using a random forest model trained on this cell atlas, we predicted the putative cell of origin for more than 10 RCC subtypes. scRNA-seq also revealed several attributes of the tumor microenvironment in the most common subtype of kidney cancer, clear cell RCC (ccRCC). We elucidated an active role for tumor epithelia in promoting immune cell infiltration, potentially explaining why ccRCC responds to immune checkpoint inhibitors, despite having a low neoantigen burden. In addition, we characterized an association between high endothelial cell types and lack of response to immunotherapy in ccRCC. Taken together, these single-cell analyses of benign kidney and RCC provide insight into the putative cell of origin for RCC subtypes and highlight the important role of the tumor microenvironment in influencing ccRCC biology and response to therapy.
Upadacitinib in patients with psoriatic arthritis and an inadequate response to non-biological therapy: 56-week data from the phase 3 SELECT-PsA 1 study (2021)

Efficacy across various domains of PsA were maintained with upadacitinib 15 mg and 30 mg through week 56 with no new safety signals observed.
Coded Elastic Computing (2019)

Cloud providers have recently introduced new offerings whereby spare computing resources are accessible at discounts compared to on-demand computing. Exploiting such opportunity is challenging inasmuch as such resources are accessed with low-priority and therefore can elastically leave (through preemption) and join the computation at any time. In this paper, we design a new technique called coded elastic computing enabling distributed computations over elastic resources. The proposed technique allows machines to leave the computation without sacrificing the algorithm-level performance, and, at the same time, flexibly reduce the workload at existing machines when new ones join the computation. Leveraging coded redundancy, our approach is able to achieve similar computational cost as the original (uncoded) method when all machines are present; the cost gracefully increases when machines are preempted and reduces when machines join. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated on matrix-vector multiplication and linear regression tasks, and shows improvements over existing techniques.
Modeling and Combating Blockage in Millimeter Wave Systems (2018)

There has been substantial interest in understanding the impact of blockage for millimeter wave systems. The 3GPP standard proposes a flat 30 dB blockage model for hand (or self) blockage, and a double knife-edge diffraction (DKED) model-based loss estimation for other humans, vehicles, etc. The 30 dB flat model is based on horn antenna measurements which typically correspond to narrower beamwidths and the DKED model typically assumes omni-antenna measurements. In this work, using measurements from a 28 GHz experimental prototype with phased antenna arrays, we propose more realistic and considerably more optimistic models for hand and body blockage. We also study the time-scales over which millimeter wave links stay coherent and non-degrading due to Doppler and blockage dynamics. We show that dynamic subarray switching provides a reasonable solution to handle these impairments in millimeter wave systems.
Tunable achromatizing lens for the mouse eye (2012)

Longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) in mouse eyes is detrimental for signal efficiency in in vivo two-photon imaging. Furthermore, LCA varies from eye to eye. Here, we propose and verify a solution for tunable achromatization.
Bounded Delay-Tolerant Space-Time Codes for Distributed Antenna Systems (2014)

Distributed space-time codes (STCs) can achieve cooperative diversity in distributed antenna systems. But the path delay difference may cause diversity loss. In this paper, a family of asynchronous STC is proposed to achieve full diversity, given that the path delay difference is within a tolerance bound. The proposed code structure allows the overall decoding process to be decomposed into several independent sub-processes, which can be tackled by low-complexity maximum-likelihood decoders. Two code designs based on the Alamouti code and the Golden code are given for a system with two distributed antennas. Moreover, two designs based on orthogonal STC and fast group decodable STC are introduced for a system with four distributed antennas, with each transmitter having two antennas. Full diversity gain is proved for all code designs and their associated decoding complexities are analyzed. Simulations of the proposed codes confirm our theoretical results on full diversity gain.
Denitrification with Carbon Addition—Kinetic Considerations (2008)

The Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (Washington, D.C.) uses methanol as an external carbon source in a postdenitrification process, to achieve low effluent total nitrogen concentrations. This becomes more difficult in winter, at lower mixed liquor temperatures and higher flows, as a consequence of the kinetic behavior of the methanol-utilizing heterotrophs. The paper reports on an experimental batch test study conducted on Blue Plains postdenitrification sludge to investigate (1) the maximum specific growth rate of methanol-utilizing heterotrophs (Mu(METH)); (2) the temperature dependency of the growth rate; and (3) the efficacy of alternate substrates (ethanol, acetate, and sugar). A limited number of tests were conducted on sludge from two other treatment plants with methanol addition.
Blind Source Separation Of Noisy Mixtures Using A Semi-Parametric Approach With Application To Heavy-Tailed Signals (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Hydrodynamics of Liquid–Liquid Dispersion in an Advanced-Flow Reactor (2012)

Hydrodynamics and mass transfer of immiscible liquid–liquid flows are explored in an Advanced-Flow Reactor (AFR). These systems are emerging as one of the major commercial systems for small scale continuous flow chemistry, and characterization of the transport phenomena is critical for reaction implementation. With hexane/water as a model system, we use flow visualization techniques to determine drop size distribution, hexane holdup, and specific interfacial areas for a phase flow rate range of 10–80 mL/min. The complex geometry of the AFR with its continuously changing cross section along the flow path and strategically placed obstacles creates pressure changes that cause drop breakup and enhance mass transfer. Observations show that a wide range of average drop size (0.33–1.3 mm) can be achieved in the AFR depending upon the inlet flow rates and inlet composition. Pressure drop measurements are performed to estimate the power consumption and are used to compare the efficiency of AFR with conventional liquid–liquid contactors. The analysis shows that, similar to microreactors, the AFR can provide specific interfacial areas (1000–10 000 m–1) and overall mass transfer coefficients (1.9–41 s–1) a few orders of magnitude larger than conventional stirred tank reactors and also the static mixers.
Comparison of single carrier 200G 4QAM, 8QAM and 16QAM in a WDM field trial demonstration over 612 km SSMF (2016)

We present results of a field trial carried on Telecom Italia EDFA-only legacy link with 0.3 dB/km average fiber attenuation. Single carrier 200G WDM DP-4QAM, DP-8QAM and DP-16QAM were successfully transmitted with system margin of 4.1 dB, 4.3 dB and 2.6 dB respectively
Phased laser array with tailored spectral and coherence properties (2023)

Architectures for coherently combining an array of fiber-based lasers are provided. By matching their lengths to within a few integer multiples of a wavelength, the spatial and temporal properties of a single large laser are replicated, while extending the average or peak pulsed power limit.
Block-based Learned Image Coding with Convolutional Autoencoder and Intra-Prediction Aided Entropy Coding (2021)

Recent works on learned image coding using autoencoder models have achieved promising results in rate-distortion performance. Typically, an autoencoder is used to transform an image into a latent tensor, which is then quantized and entropy coded. Based on a work by Ballé et al., we adapted the autoencoder with a hyperprior model to code images in a block-based approach. When the autoencoder model is directly applied to code small image blocks, spatial redundancy in the larger image cannot be fully utilized, resulting in a decrease in ratedistortion performance. We propose a method to utilize border information in the entropy coding of latent and hyper-latent tensors, which has achieved promising results. We show that using intra-prediction to help entropy coding is more effective than applying a convolutional autoencoder with hyper priors to intra-prediction residual blocks.
Cobalt(III) and rhodium(III) complexes of cyclic tetradentate thioethers (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCobalt(III) and rhodium(III) complexes of cyclic tetradentate thioethersKenton. Travis and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13, 11, 2591–2598Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50141a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50141a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In-the-wild Drowsiness Detection from Facial Expressions (2020)

Driving in a state of drowsiness is a major cause of road accidents, resulting in tremendous damage to life and property. Developing robust, automatic, real-time systems that can infer drowsiness states of drivers has the potential of making life-saving impact. However, developing drowsiness detection systems that work well in real-world scenarios is challenging because of the difficulties associated with collecting high-volume realistic drowsy data and modeling the complex temporal dynamics of evolving drowsy states. In this paper, we propose a data collection protocol that involves outfitting vehicles of overnight shift workers with camera kits that record their faces while driving. We develop a drowsiness annotation guideline to enable humans to label the collected videos into 4 levels of drowsiness: ‘alert’, ‘slightly drowsy’, ‘moderately drowsy’ and ‘extremely drowsy’. We experiment with different convolutional and temporal neural network architectures to predict drowsiness states from pose, expression and emotion-based representation of the input video of the driver's face. Our best performing model achieves a macro ROC-AVC of 0.78, compared to 0.72 for a baseline model.
Five-bit substrate guided wave true-time delay module working up to 2.4 THz with a packing density of 2.5 <inline-formula><roman>lines/cm</roman><sup><roman>2</roman></sup></inline-formula> for phased array antenna applications (1998)

A 5-bit true-time delay module is demonstrated. The combi- nation of a 1-to-4 fiber beamsplitter and four 1-to-8 collinear guided-wave fanouts provides us with the required 32 surface-normal fanout beams with a delay step of 50 ps. The system design, device fabrication, and optimization of the fanout intensity uniformity down to 610% among 32 fanouts are addressed. The packing density of this device is 2.5 (delay lines)/cm 2 , which is the highest demonstrated thus far. A bandwidth of 2.4 THz is confirmed experimentally by employing a femtosecond laser and an ultrafast detector. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engi- neers. (S0091-3286(98)03006-2)
FOXP3 expressing CD127lo CD4+ T cells inversely correlate with CD38+ CD8+ T cell activation levels in primary HIV-1 infection (2007)

During the course of HIV-1 infection, the status of immune activation has been determined to be a powerful indicator of disease progression. The immune system has adopted self-regulatory mechanisms to counterbalance undesirable immune responses. CD25+CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells that express the transcription regulator, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), play an important role in this immunosuppression. Using a combination of Treg cell discriminatory markers (FOXP3, CD25, CD127), we predicted that an expansion of Treg cell subsets would negatively correlate with immune activation during the early stages of HIV-1 infection. We report that FOXP3+CD127lo expressing CD4+ T cells increases in primary HIV-1 infection over time. Furthermore, the FOXP3+CD127lo CD4+ T cells may, in fact, reduce the levels of T cell activation following primary infection. It is interesting that the positive correlation between FOXP3+CD127lo CD4+ and CD25+CD127lo CD4+ T cells noted in HIV-uninfected persons is not only lost but may also be reversed in early, chronic HIV-1 infection. Unlike FOXP3+CD127lo CD4+, the level of FOXP3+CD25+CD127lo CD4+ T cells did not correlate with T cell activation, suggesting that these cells were not effective in reducing T cell activation. These observations suggest that different Treg populations may have different effects on reducing immune activation in HIV-1 infection and that the FOXP3+CD127lo CD4+ T cell population may be particularly important in limiting immune activation.
Substituted aluminacyclopent-3-enes: [meso-{RC(Me3Si)HC}2Al(Cl)NMe2CH2]2 (R = hydrogen, methyl) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted aluminacyclopent-3-enes: [meso-{RC(Me3Si)HC}2Al(Cl)NMe2CH2]2 (R = hydrogen, methyl)Michael G. Gardiner and Colin L. RastonCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 1, 81–86Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00025a017https://doi.org/10.1021/om00025a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Respiratory disease in United States farmers (2020)

Farmers may be at increased risk for adverse respiratory outcomes compared with the general population due to their regular exposures to dusts, animals and chemicals. However, early life farm exposures to microbial agents may result in reduced risk. Understanding respiratory disease risk among farmers and identifying differences between farmers and other populations may lead to better understanding of the contribution of environmental exposures to respiratory disease risk in the general population.
The integration of proton bombardment process into the manufacturing of mixed-signal/RF chips (2004)

Proton bombardment technology is integrated into the standard IC process as a post-backend process module to form local semi-insulating regions on mixed-signal/RF chips. With 10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/, 100 /spl mu/m deep bombardment through mask windows, /spl rho//sub s/=20k/spl sim/50k /spl Omega/.cm regions are formed, which are thermally stable at 200/spl deg/C. High-Q inductors and reliable MOSFETs are made on same chip with no need of tuning the existing wafer process. Design rules are established.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Preparation of Triisopropylsilyl Acyl Silanes (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genetic heterogeneity in partial adenosine deaminase deficiency. (1983)

Inherited deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) results in a syndrome of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Children with ADA- -SCID lack ADA in all cells and tissues. In contrast, a "partial" deficiency of ADA has been described in six immunologically normal children from four different "families." These children lack ADA in their erythrocytes but retain variable amounts of activity in their lymphoid cells. We have examined ADA activity in lymphoid line cells from four of these children, who are unrelated, for evidence of genetic heterogeneity. One child, who is Caucasian, has an enzyme with increased electrophoretic mobility, a diminished isoelectric point (pI 4.8 vs. Nl = 4.9) and very low activity (2.3 vs. Nl = 82.9 +/- 12.9 nmol/mg protein per min); as a second child has an enzyme with normal electrophoretic mobility but increased isoelectric point (pI = 5.0), markedly diminished heat stability at 56 degrees C (t1/2 = 4.2' vs. Nl = 40') and low activity (12.1); a third has an enzyme with only diminished heat stability (t1/2 = 6.5'), no detectable abnormality in charge and almost normal activity (41.9); while the fourth exhibits only diminished ADA activity (25.0) with no striking qualitative abnormalities. Thus, we have found evidence for three different mutations at the structural locus for ADA in three of these individuals, (a) an acidic, low activity heat stable mutation (b) a basic, somewhat higher activity, heat labile mutation, and (c) a relatively normal activity heat labile mutation. In the fourth, there is as yet no compelling evidence for a mutation at the structural locus for ADA and a mutation at a regulatory locus cannot be excluded.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis and Structural Analysis of 5‐O‐Benzoyl‐2,3‐dideoxy‐3‐fluoro‐α,β‐D‐ribofuranose and ‐xylofuranose from Homochiral 1‐Fluoro‐3‐sulfinylacetone. (1990)

Abstract Alkylation of the homochiral 1‐fluoro‐3‐sulfinylacetone (I) with allyl bromide (II) yields the epimeric products (III) which are reduced with di(isobutyl)aluminum hydride to produce the diastereomeric alcohols (IV).
Dual-Core Polymer Optical Fibre Refractive Index Sensor (2016)

We describe a novel dual-core polymer optical fiber (POF) made of PMMA-PC with an axial air-hole for fluid sensing. Numerical calculations show a sensitivity up to 229,200 %/RIU in the wavelength of 900nm.
Recent Enhancements to the NASA Langley Structural Acoustics Loads and Transmission (SALT) Facility (2013)

The Structural Acoustics Loads and Transmission (SALT) facility at the NASA Langley Research Center is comprised of an anechoic room and a reverberant room, and may act as a transmission loss suite when test articles are mounted in a window connecting the two rooms. In the latter configuration, the reverberant room acts as the noise source side and the anechoic room as the receiver side. The noise generation system used for qualification testing in the reverberant room was previously shown to achieve a maximum overall sound pressure level of 141 dB. This is considered to be marginally adequate for generating sound pressure levels typically required for launch vehicle payload qualification testing. Recent enhancements to the noise generation system increased the maximum overall sound pressure level to 154 dB, through the use of two airstream modulators coupled to 35 Hz and 160 Hz horns. This paper documents the acoustic performance of the enhanced noise generation system for a variety of relevant test spectra. Additionally, it demonstrates the capability of the SALT facility to conduct transmission loss and absorption testing in accordance with ASTM and ISO standards, respectively. A few examples of test capabilities are shown and include transmission loss testing of simple unstiffened and built up structures and measurement of the diffuse field absorption coefficient of a fibrous acoustic blanket.
Metal‐oxide Semiconductors for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Breast Cancer (2022)

Cancer is the most dreaded disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancers are the most common types. Recent research has shown that the overall cost of cancer diagnosis and treatment is indeed decreasing for patients treated in the early stage, and, hence, the prognostic management of cancer remains a topic of key interest in the scientific community, from fabrication of device to even machine learning. A sensor is a device that detects events or changes in its environment and provides a proportional output. Breast cell–related diseases can be associated either with the regulation of hormone levels linked to the reproductive system or can be altered due to other underlying disease conditions. Silicon-based materials have an edge over other materials because of their properties such as large carrier mobility, chemical functionalization, compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor and very large-scale integration technologies.