gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basic walker-assisted gait characteristics derived from forces and moments exerted on the walker's handles: Results on normal subjects (2006)

This paper describes a method that passively assesses basic walker-assisted gait characteristics using only force-moment measurements from the walker's handles. The passively derived gait characteristics of 22 subjects were validated against motion capture gait analysis. The force-moment based heel initial contact detection algorithm have produced a high level of concordance with heel initial contacts detected by a human inspecting the heel marker data sets of the Vicon video capture system. The algorithm has demonstrated 97% sensitivity and 98% specificity with a narrow 95% confidence interval of +/-1% during all experiments, which included five navigational scenarios. Temporal error in detecting the instances of heel initial contacts were within 5.27+/-3.66% of the overall stride time obtained from Vicon when the subjects walked in a straight line, whereas the toe-off instance estimates were within 5.18+/-2.75% of the gait cycle. The errors in determining the duration of stride time, single support, and double support were within 5.86+/-2.49%, 5.24+/-2.29%, and 4.34+/-2.13% of the gait cycle respectively. The stride time estimated, using the method presented here, correlated well with stride time computations based on visual inspection of Vicon's data, Pearson correlation coefficient r=0.86 for straight line segments. However, absolute errors were too high to estimate the single and double support phases with acceptable accuracy. The potential application of the instrumented walker and the method presented here is longitudinal basic gait assessment that can be performed outside of the conventional gait labs.
Anticancer effect of zanubrutinib in HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines (2023)

Small molecule Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of various haemato-oncological diseases, and ibrutinib was approved as the first BTK inhibitor for anticancer therapy in 2013. Previous reports proved the receptor kinase human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) to be a valid off-target kinase of ibrutinib and potentially other irreversible BTK inhibitors, as it possesses a druggable cysteine residue in the active site of the enzyme. These findings suggest ibrutinib as a candidate drug for repositioning in HER2-positive breast cancer (BCa). This subtype of breast cancer belongs to one of the most common classes of breast tumours, and its prognosis is characterized by a high rate of recurrence and tumour invasiveness. Based on their similar kinase selectivity profiles, we investigated the anticancer effect of zanubrutinib, evobrutinib, tirabrutinib and acalabrutinib in different BCa cell lines and sought to determine whether it is linked with targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family (ERBB) pathway. We found that zanubrutinib is a potential inhibitor of the HER2 signalling pathway, displaying an antiproliferative effect in HER2-positive BCa cell lines. Zanubrutinib effectively inhibits the phosphorylation of proteins in the ERBB signalling cascade, including the downstream kinases Akt and ERK, which mediate key signals ensuring the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. We thus propose zanubrutinib as another suitable candidate for repurposing in HER2-amplified solid tumours.
The maximal controlled invariant set of switched linear systems (2003)

We study the construction of the maximal controlled invariant set of switched linear systems. We consider two cases, based on whether fast switches are allowed or not. For both cases, iterative algorithms are given to construct such sets.
Differential expression of alpha- and beta-globin genes during differentiation of cultured erythroleukemic cells. (1975)

Murine erythroleukemic cells induced to differentiate in vitro with dimethylsulfoxide provide a model for events involved in the regulated expression of the globin genes. Here we examine alpha- and beta-globin gene expression in such cells which contain no detectable globin RNA prior to induction. To quantitate alpha- and beta-globin RNAs in cellular RNA samples by molecular hybridization techniques, highly radioactive complementary DNAs were synthesized using mouse alpha- and beta-globin RNAs purified by formamide gel electrophoresis. Maximally induced erythroleukemic cells and mouse reticulocytes contain nearly equal relative amounts of alpha- and beta-globin RNA. During the period in which globin RNA accumulates in differentiating erythroleukemic cells, however, alpha- and beta-globin RNAs are not present in equivalent amounts. alphaRNA is present in substantial excess (alpha/beta ratio 3.7) early in induction, and the alpha/beta RNA ratio progressively approaches 1 as differentiation proceeds further. These observations directly suggest that the alpha- and beta-globin genes are differentially expressed during cellular differentiation and raise questions as to how relative expression of globin genes is controlled during normal development.
TRPV1 Genetics (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview trpv1 GENE STRUCTURE in different Species Alternative Splicing of trpv1 Results in different Functional Variants Functional TRPV1 differences in Nonconserved Amino Acid Positions Structure – Function Analysis Missense Mutations in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice affect TRPV1 Function and Cause Diabetes Functional Polymorphisms in the Human trpv1 Gene Selection Pressure on Human trpv1 Gene? Rare Variants of the Human trpv1 Gene References
Encoding of odors by mammalian olfactory receptors (2021)

Abstract Identified ligands for &gt; 500 mouse ORs ORs are specifically tuned towards individual odorants and their molecular properties Odor molecular properties are informative of odor responses Predictive modeling and convergent evolution analyses suggest specific residues within a canonical location for odorant binding Olfactory receptors (ORs) constitute the largest multi-gene family in the mammalian genome, with hundreds to thousands of loci in humans and mice respectively 1 . The rapid expansion of this massive family of genes has been generated by numerous duplication and diversification events throughout evolutionary history. This size, similarity, and diversity has made it challenging to define the principles by which ORs encode olfactory stimuli. Here, we performed a broad surveying of OR responses, using an in vivo strategy, against a diverse panel of odorants. We then used the resulting interaction profiles to uncover relationships between OR responses, odorants, odor molecular properties, and OR sequences. Our data and analyses revealed that ORs generally exhibited sparse tuning towards odorants and their molecular properties. Odor molecular property similarity between pairs of odorants was informative of odor response similarity. Finally, ORs sharing response to an odorant possessed amino acids at poorly conserved sites that exhibited both, predictive power towards odorant selectivity and convergent evolution. The localization of these residues occurred primarily at the interface of the upper halves of the transmembrane domains, implying that canonical positions govern odor selectivity across ORs. Altogether, our results provide a basis for translating odorants into receptor neuron responses for the unraveling of mammalian odor coding.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Rev-Binding Protein Is Essential for Influenza A Virus Replication and Promotes Genome Trafficking in Late-Stage Infection (2011)

Influenza A virus uses cellular protein transport systems (e.g., CRM1-mediated nuclear export and Rab11-dependent recycling endosomes) for genome trafficking from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, where new virions are assembled. However, the detailed mechanisms of these events have not been completely resolved, and additional cellular factors are probably required. Here, we investigated the role of the cellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Rev-binding protein (HRB), which interacts with influenza virus nuclear export protein (NEP), during the influenza virus life cycle. By using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and overexpression of a dominant negative HRB protein fragment, we show that cells lacking functional HRB have significantly reduced production of influenza virus progeny and that this defect results from impaired viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) delivery to the plasma membrane in late-stage infection. Since HRB colocalizes with influenza vRNPs early after their delivery to the cytoplasm, it may mediate a connection between the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery and the endosomal system, thus facilitating the transfer of vRNPs from nuclear export to cytoplasmic trafficking complexes. We also found an association between NEP and HRB in the perinuclear region, suggesting that NEP may contribute to this process. Our results identify HRB as a second endosomal factor with a crucial role in influenza virus genome trafficking, suggest cooperation between unique endosomal compartments in the late steps of the influenza virus life cycle, and provide a common link between the cytoplasmic trafficking mechanisms of influenza virus and HIV.
Scheduling blackboards for interactive robots (2005)

An increase in systems integration for example in humanoid robotics and intelligent environments, has called for better solutions to support multi-module integration. Blackboards can simplify construction of systems with large numbers of fine-grained interactions. In this paper we describe the use of scheduling blackboard used for developing interactive robots. Our blackboards, called whiteboards, both simplified and extend the blackboard model in a number of significant ways. Chief among their features are: an explicit temporal model; quality of service; publish-subscribe; queries; discrete messaging; streaming data; programming language independence; as well as a number of solutions to practical issues for improving development effort and runtime performance. Whiteboards present a compelling case for the use of scheduling blackboards in robotics, where multiple functionalities and modules need to be integrated into a coherent whole.
Prarbn Engineering of a Loop 155-165 in Chymosin (1993)

Journal Article Prarbn Engineering of a Loop 155-165 in Chymosin Get access P. Orprayoon, P. Orprayoon Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Depanment of Crystallography, Birkbeck College,Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Nugent, P. Nugent Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Depanment of Crystallography, Birkbeck College,Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.E. Pitts, J.E. Pitts Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Depanment of Crystallography, Birkbeck College,Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T.L. Blundell, T.L. Blundell Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Depanment of Crystallography, Birkbeck College,Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.M. Uusitalo, J.M. Uusitalo 2and The Biotechnical Laboratory,VIT, ESPOO, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Penttila M. Penttila 2and The Biotechnical Laboratory,VIT, ESPOO, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 6, Issue Supplement, 1993, Page 130, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/6.Supplement.130-b Published: 01 January 1993
Head loss testing in transmission mains (1994)

Accuracy of head loss measurement can be improved if monitoring equipment is installed right along with the transmission main. Accurately measuring head loss in large‐diameter transmission mains is difficult and is therefore seldom done at all. However, if a section of transmission main is installed with provisions for measuring flow and head loss, the testing can be done easily and accurately, allowing better monitoring of long‐term trends in pipe roughness and carrying capacity.
Thresholds for the Discrimination of Tonal and Narrowband Noise Bursts (2012)

Several psychoacoustic models used in perceptual audio coding take into account the difference in masking effects of tones and narrowband noise and therefore incorporate some kind of tonality estimation. For possible optimization of these estimators for time-varying signals it is desirable to know the duration above which the auditory system is able to discriminate between tone bursts and narrowband noise bursts. There is some knowledge that this duration is frequency, bandwidth, and loudness dependent, but up to now no systematic studies have been performed. Therefore this paper presents the setup and the results of experiments for determining frequency dependent thresholds.
The accuracy of transcranial Doppler in excluding intracranial hypertension following acute brain injury: a multicenter prospective pilot study (2017)

This study provides preliminary evidence that ICPtcd may accurately exclude intracranial hypertension in patients with acute brain injury. Future studies with adequate power are needed to confirm this result.
Referential secrecy (1990)

A referential secrecy model is presented that simplifies automatic data classification within a relational database. The model captures the secrecy semantics that reflect the dependencies among foreign key references. These dependencies form the basis for specifying classification constraints, without the complexity of rule-based or view-based mechanisms. The secrecy semantics are expressed within the database schema as parameters to the foreign key definitions. Data classification is a function of the access levels of the foreign key reference tuples, as well as the access class of the subject.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recording polarization gratings with a standing spiral wave (2013)

A scalable and robust methodology for writing cycloidal modulation patterns of optical axis orientation in photosensitive surface alignment layers is demonstrated. Counterpropagating circularly polarized beams, generated by reflection of the input beam from a cholesteric liquid crystal, direct local surface orientation in a photosensitive surface. Purposely introducing a slight angle between the input beam and the photosensitive surface normal introduces a grating period/orientation that is readily controlled and templated. The resulting cycloidal diffractive waveplates offer utility in technologies requiring diffraction over a broad range of angles/wavelengths. This simple methodology of forming polarization gratings offers advantages over conventional fabrication techniques.
Estimation of free-living walking cadence from wrist-worn sensor accelerometry data and its association with SF-36 quality of life scores (2021)

<i>Objective</i>. We evaluate the stride segmentation performance of the Adaptive Empirical Pattern Transformation (ADEPT) for subsecond-level accelerometry data collected in the free-living environment using a wrist-worn sensor.<i>Approach</i>. We substantially expand the scope of the existing ADEPT pattern-matching algorithm. Methods are applied to subsecond-level accelerometry data collected continuously for 4 weeks in 45 participants, including 30 arthritis and 15 control patients. We estimate the daily walking cadence for each participant and quantify its association with SF-36 quality of life measures.<i>Main results</i>. We provide free, open-source software to segment individual walking strides in subsecond-level accelerometry data. Walking cadence is significantly associated with the role physical score reported via SF-36 after adjusting for age, gender, weight and height.<i>Significance</i>. Methods provide automatic, precise walking stride segmentation, which allows estimation of walking cadence from free-living wrist-worn accelerometry data. Results provide new evidence of associations between free-living walking parameters and health outcomes.
Targeted insertion of foreign genes into the tobacco plastid genome without physical linkage to the selectable marker gene (1995)

To determine whether targeted DNA insertion into the tobacco plastid genome can be obtained without physical linkage to a selectable marker gene, we carried out biolistic transformation of chloroplasts in tobacco leaf segments with a 1:1 mix of two independently targeted antibiotic resistance genes. Plastid transformants were selected by spectinomycin resistance due to expression of an integrated aadA gene. Integration of the unselected kanamycin resistance (kan) gene into the same plastid genome was established by Southern probing in ∼20% of the spectinomycin-selected clones. Efficient cotransformation will facilitate targeted plastid genome modification without physical linkage to a marker gene.
Collective computing based on swarm intelligence (2008)

We present a novel computing framework consisting of multiple processing cores that exhibits swarm-like behavior. Conventional parallel processing paradigm typically requires a central controller for job assignment, inter-core communications and defect-tolerance. The proposed system leverages on the collective intelligence of a swarm of processing elements to avoid the bottleneck imposed by a central scheduler. Preliminary simulations show promising results for common signal processing applications.
Introduction (2014)

Grâce à la chaire annuelle d’Innovation technologique Liliane Bettencourt, le Collège de France peut chaque année ouvrir ses enseignements au monde des applications de la recherche fondamentale, avec l’ambition de montrer comment cette dernière peut alimenter les développements technologiques dont dépend notre avenir industriel, économique, social et culturel. L’innovation, c’est bien ce continuum extrêmement complexe, du fondamental à l’appliqué, dont on sent bien qu’il constitue l’un des en...
Cracking Open the Window for Strongly Interacting Massive Particles as\n the Halo Dark Matter (2001)

In the early 1990's, an analysis was completed by several theorists of the\navailable mass/cross-section parameter space for unusual particle candidates to\nsolve the dark matter problem, e.g. strongly interacting massive particles\n(SIMPs). This analysis found several unconstrained windows, such that for SIMP\nmasses and cross-sections within these windows, SIMPs could still be the\ndominant dark matter in our Galactic halo. Since the early 1990's, some of\nthese windows have been narrowed or closed, and some of these windows have been\nwidened further by more careful analysis. We summarize the present state of the\nSIMP parameter space, and point to the cosmological salience of SIMPs as dark\nmatter, given some of the present inadequacies of the WIMP solution to the dark\nmatter problem.\n
Diversity of copper proteins and copper homeostasis systems in Melioribacter roseus, a facultatively anaerobic thermophilic member of the new phylum Ignavibacteriae (2015)

The genome of Melioribacter roseus, one of two members of the recently described phylum Ignavibacteriae, was searched for the genes encoding proteins associated with copper transport or containing copper as cofactors, and the effect of Cu2+ concentration in the medium on M. roseus growth was investigated. Genomic analysis revealed a variety of copper-containing oxidoreductases in this facultative anaerobe. Three ATPases responsible for copper transport were identified. One of them (MROS_1511) was.probably involved in assembly of the copper-containing cytochrome c oxidase, while two others (MROS_0327 and MROS_0791) probably carried out a detoxification function. The presence of several copper-containing oxidoreductases and copper homeostasis systems in M. roseus is in agreement with the previously hypothesized origin of the phylum Ignavibacteriae from an aerobic ancestor common with those of Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi.
Fast encoding method for vector quantization based on sorting elements of codewords to adaptively constructing subvectors (2006)

Vector quantization (VQ) is a popular image compression method and the encoding speed of VQ is very important to its practical applications. In a conventional encoding process of VQ, because a lot of k-dimensional (k-D) Euclidean distances must be computed so as to find out the best-match for each input vector, VQ is computationally very expensive. In order to avoid immediately computing the real Euclidean distance for a candidate codeword, IEENNS method has been proposed to reject the unlikely codeword by using the famous scalar features of the sum and the variance of a k-D vector. Furthermore, in order to improve the precision of Euclidean distance estimation so as to enhance the rejection capability, by dividing a k-D vector in half to generate two (k/2)-D subvectors and then apply IEENNS method again to each of the subvectors, a complete-version C-SIEENNS method and a simplified-version S-SIEENNS method have been reported recently as well. Apparently, how to construct the two (k/2)-D subvectors is the core problem in a subvector-based method for achieving a higher encoding performance. However, the previous works just fixedly construct their two subvectors by using the first half original vector of [1 /spl sim/ k/2] dimensions and the second half original vector of [k/2+1 /spl sim/ k] dimensions for simplicity. It is clear there is no guarantee that this kind of subvector construction way is optimal. Instead, this paper proposes a criterion to construct two better subvectors by letting the difference between the two partial sums approach the maximum based on adaptively analyzing the property of each codeword offline. Experimental results confirmed that by simply replacing the fixed subvectors with the adaptively constructed subvectors in S-SIEENNS method, it can further improve the search efficiency by 19.9% /spl sim/ 36.8%.
Spin-polarized tunneling spectroscopy of fully epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions usingCo2FeAl0.5Si0.5Heusler alloy electrodes (2009)

Spin-dependent tunneling spectroscopy has been studied in fully epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions with full-Heusler ${\text{Co}}_{2}{\text{FeAl}}_{0.5}{\text{Si}}_{0.5}$ (CFAS) alloys. We fabricated CFAS/MgO/CFAS structures with $L{2}_{1}$- and $B2$-ordered CFAS layers and measured the bias voltage dependence of differential conductance $G$. We found for $L{2}_{1}\text{-CFAS}/\text{MgO}/L{2}_{1}\text{-CFAS}$ structure symmetrical conductance curves with respect to polarity of the bias voltage for parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) magnetization configurations and two characteristic crossovers in $G$ between P and AP accompanied with a flat feature within $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\text{ }\text{V}$ in $G$ (P). On the other hand, only one crossover was observed at a negative-bias voltage for $L{2}_{1}\text{-CFAS}/\text{MgO}/B2\text{-CFAS}$ structure. The direct tunneling that reflects the specific spin-dependent density of states of the half-metallic $L{2}_{1}\text{-CFAS}$ is proposed as a possible transport mechanism leading to the notable crossovers.