gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Responsiveness After In Vitro Exposure to Acrolein (1994)

Human isolated bronchi obtained at thoracotomy from 42 patients were exposed to aqueous solutions of acrolein, and the resulting change in contractile responses was evaluated by measuring agonist cumulative concentration-response curves (CCRC). Contractile responses to carbachol were measured after a variety of exposure concentrations, from 0.01 to 3.0 microM, and at times from 5 to 60 min. The optimal condition to induce airway smooth muscle hyperresponsiveness was an exposure duration of 20 min at a concentration of 0.3 microM. The effect of acrolein exposure on human bronchial smooth muscle was also assessed by examining the contractile responses to potassium chloride (KCl), histamine, and neurokinin A (NKA) in both the absence and the presence of phosphoramidon. Although in vitro exposure of the human bronchus to 0.3 microM acrolein did not alter responses to KCl, it did increase the efficacy of carbachol and NKA without altering their potency. This concentration of acrolein also increased the contractile response to low concentrations of histamine and shifted the CCRC to the left. Pretreatment with phosphoramidon abolished the differential effect of acrolein on airway response to NKA. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of acrolein includes inactivation of airway neutral endopeptidase as well as alterations in the pharmacomechanical, but not the electromechanical, coupling of human bronchial smooth muscle.
Parameterization of a model-based 3D whole-body PET scatter correction (2005)

Parameterization of a fast implementation of the Ollinger model-based 3D scatter correction method for PET has been evaluated using measured phantom data from a GE PET Advance/sup TM/. The Ollinger method explicitly estimates the 3D single-scatter distribution using measured emission and transmission data and then estimates the multiple-scatter as a convolution of the single-scatter. The main algorithm difference from that implemented by Ollinger (1996) is that the scatter correction does not explicitly compute scatter for azimuthal angles; rather, it determines 2D scatter estimates for data within 2D "super-slices" using as input data from the 3D direct-plane (non-oblique) slices. These axial super-slice data are composed of data within a parameterized distance from the center of the super-slice. Such a model-based method can be parameterized, choice of which may significantly change the behavior of the algorithm. Parameters studied in this work included transaxial image downsampling, number of detectors to calculate scatter to, multiples kernel width and magnitude, number and thickness of super-slices and number of iterations. Measured phantom data included imaging of the NEMA NU-2001 image quality phantom, the IQ phantom with 2 cm extra water-equivalent tissue strapped around its circumference and an attenuation phantom (20 cm uniform cylinder with bone, water and air inserts) with two 8 cm diameter water-filled non-radioactive arms placed by it's side. For the IQ phantom data, a subset of NEMA NU-2001 measures were used to determine the contrast-to-noise, lung residual bias and background variability. For the attenuation phantom, ROIs were drawn on the nonradioactive compartments and on the background. These ROIs were analyzed for inter and intra-slice variation, background bias and compartment-to-background ratio. Results: In most cases, the algorithm was most sensitive to multiple-scatter parameterization and least sensitive to transaxial downsampling. The algorithm showed convergence by the second iteration for the metrics used in this study. Also, the range of the magnitude of change in the metrics analyzed was small over all changes in parameterization. Further work to extend these results to other more realistic phantom and clinical datasets is warranted.
Broadband and Multiband Antenna Design Using the Genetic Algorithm to Create Amorphous Shapes Using Ellipses (2006)

A method is demonstrated for generating compact, broadband and multiband antennas using ellipses to create new amorphous shapes with greater bandwidth and less return loss that previously demonstrated. Four designs are presented including a tri-band patch antenna optimized for low reflection loss at 1.6, 1.8, and 2.45 GHz. A broadband patch is designed for 1.9-2.1 GHz. A dual-band design embedded in a dielectric is created for use at GSM frequencies, and a broadband monopole is created that operates from 2-6 GHz with low reflection loss. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the designs. FDTD is used to simulate the designs allowing a low reflection loss design embedded directly into a heterogeneous structure or dielectric material
Downlink OFDM Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Delay Constraint SVC Streaming (2008)

Efficient delivery of multimedia contents over wireless network is essential for future communication networks. However, content distribution and network engineering are traditionally studied separately, which leads to suboptimal network performance. In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling and resource allocation for multi-user video streaming over downlink OFDM channels. The video streams are preceded with the SVC coding scheme, which offers both quality and temporal scalabilities. The OFDM technology provides the maximum flexibility of resource allocation in terms of time, frequency, and power. We propose a gradient-based scheduling and resource allocation algorithm, which explicitly takes account of video contents, deadline requirements, and the previous transmission results when calculating users' priority weights. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm always outperforms the content- blind and deadline-blind algorithms, with a performance gain as much as 6 dB in terms of average user PSNR improvement in a congested network.
Synthesizing Distributed Constrained Events from Transactional Workflow (1996)

Workflows are the semantically appropriate composite activities in heterogeneous computing environments. Such environments typically comprise a great diversity of locally autonomous databases, applications, and interfaces. Much good research has focused on the semantics of workflows, and how to capture them in different extended transaction models. Here we address the complementary issues pertaining to how workflows may be declaratively specified, and how distributed constraints may be derived from those specifications to enable local control, thus obviating a centralized scheduler. Previous approaches to this problem were limited and often lacked a formal semantics.
Fine synchronization of the CMS muon drift-tube local trigger using cosmic rays (2010)

MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
Antibodies to Cryptic Epitopes in Distant Homologues Underpin a Mechanism of Heterologous Immunity betweenPlasmodium vivaxPvDBP andPlasmodium falciparumVAR2CSA (2019)

Many pathogens evolve extensive genetic variation in virulence proteins as a strategy to evade host immunity. This poses a significant challenge for the host to develop broadly neutralizing antibodies. In <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, we show that a mechanism to circumvent this challenge is to elicit antibodies to cryptic epitopes that are not under immune pressure. We previously discovered that antibodies to the <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> invasion protein, PvDBP, cross-react with <i>P. falciparum</i> VAR2CSA, a distantly related virulence factor that mediates placental malaria. Here, we describe the molecular mechanism underlying this cross-species immunity. We identified an epitope in subdomain 1 (SD1) within the Duffy binding-like (DBL) domain of PvDBP that gives rise to cross-reactive antibodies to VAR2CSA and show that human antibodies affinity purified against a synthetic SD1 peptide block parasite adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) <i>in vitro</i> The epitope in SD1 is subdominant and highly conserved in PvDBP, and in turn, SD1 antibodies target cryptic epitopes in <i>P. falciparum</i> VAR2CSA. The epitopes in VAR2CSA recognized by vivax-derived SD1 antibodies (of human and mouse origin) are distinct from those recognized by VAR2CSA immune serum. We mapped two peptides in the DBL5ε domain of VAR2CSA that are recognized by SD1 antibodies. Both peptides map to regions outside the immunodominant sites, and antibodies to these peptides are not elicited following immunization with VAR2CSA or natural infection with <i>P. falciparum</i> in pregnancy, consistent with the cryptic nature of these target epitopes.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> In this work, we describe a molecular mechanism of heterologous immunity between two distant species of <i>Plasmodium</i> Our results suggest a mechanism that subverts the classic parasite strategy of presenting highly polymorphic epitopes in surface antigens to evade immunity to that parasite. This alternative immune pathway can be exploited to protect pregnant women from falciparum placental malaria by designing vaccines to cryptic epitopes that elicit broadly inhibitory antibodies against variant parasite strains.
Evaluation of the conjunctival fungal flora and its susceptibility to antifungal agents in healthy horses in Switzerland (2013)

A large range of fungal mold species was identified including A. fumigatus and E. amstelodami, which have been causative agents of keratomycosis in Switzerland. Best in vitro susceptibility results for these two species were obtained for voriconazole.
DNA-mediated gene transfer of a human cell surface 170-kilodalton glycoprotein. Evidence for association with an endogenous murine protein. (1987)

We have previously reported the identification and characterization of two related human cell surface protein complexes, very common antigens 1 and 2 (VCA-1, VCA-2) (Kantor, R. R. S., Mattes, M. J., Lloyd, K. O., Old, L. J., and Albino, A. P. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15158-15165). We now report the transfection of DNA sequences encoding the 170-kilodalton heterodimer of VCA-2 from human SK-RC-41 renal cancer cells to B78H1 mouse melanoma cells. B78H1 cells were cotransfected with high molecular weight renal cancer DNA and a plasmid vector containing the neomycin resistance gene. Antibiotic-resistant transfectants were screened for the expression of the 170-kDa heterodimer with mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) J143. Analysis of mAb J143-positive (J143+) transfectants showed that they expressed a 170-kDa heterodimer with an identical molecular weight, isoelectric point, two-dimensional peptide map, and spatial orientation of surface-exposed epitopes to the homologous 170-kDa species seen in human donor cells. The 170-kDa heterodimer in SK-RC-41 cells is associated with a 140-kDa (designated 140(1] polypeptide to form the VCA-2 complex. The 170-kDa complex and the 140(1)-kDa polypeptides are encoded by genes located on different human chromosomes. J143+ transfectants display a molecule of 140 kDa associated with the 170-kDa complex which is biochemically similar, but non-identical, to the human 140(1)-kDa polypeptide on VCA-2. This evidence supports our interpretation that the transfected human 170-kDa heterodimer associates with a murine counterpart of the human 140(1)-kDa polypeptide in J143+ transfectants.
Service-Oriented Medical Device Connectivity: Particular Interoperability Standards for High Frequency Surgical Equipment and External Control Devices (2021)

Abstract Manufacturer-independent medical device interoperability has been strongly demanded by the clinicians and healthcare delivery organizations (HDOs), however has not been achieved in practice for decades. The ISO/IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) family of standards constitutes a paradigm shift. This work supplements SDC with Device Specializations (DevSpecs) or Modular Specifications (ModSpecs): particular interoperability standards for high frequency (HF) surgical equipment and external control devices, such as foot or finger switches. They provide models to describe these devices in a service-oriented medical device system and modes of interaction with other network participants. Additionally, we contribute to the ISO/IEEE 11073-10101 nomenclature standard to provide semantic descriptions of the exchanged information. This is a key enabler for safe and effective medical device interoperability to support the caregivers and improve patient safety as well as clinical outcome.
In-vivo imaging of blood flow dynamics using color Doppler optical coherence tomography (2000)

Noninvasive quantitation of blood flow in the retinal micro circulation may elucidate the progression and treatment of ocular disorders including diabetic retinopathy, age-related degeneration, and glaucoma. Color Doppler optical coherence tomography was recently introduced as a technique allowing simultaneous micron-scale resolution cross-sectional imaging of tissue micro structure and blood flow in the human retina. Here, time-resolved imaging of dynamics of blood flow profiles was performed to measure cardiac pulsatility within retinal vessels. Retinal pulsatility has been shown to decrease throughout the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Reflection sensitivity of InAs/GaAs epitaxial quantum dot lasers under direct modulation (2022)

Abstract This paper reports on the reflection sensitivity under direct modulation operation of a 1.3 μm InAs/GaAs quantum dot laser that is epitaxially grown on silicon. The quantum dot laser exhibits a high tolerance to back reflections with low error transmission at 6 Gbps. This study paves the way for developing directly modulated isolator‐free photonic integrated circuits based on quantum dot lasers.
On the performance of multiple description codes over bit error channels (2002)

Multiple description (MD) codes have been proposed to provide robustness against data loss in packet-switched networks. We report results on the performance of MD codes when used on bit error channels with error correcting codes, in order to handle loss of blocks when the number of errors in a black exceeds the correcting ability of the code. We find that MD codes appear to be outperformed by a more traditional system in which source and channel code parameters are jointly optimized to minimize end-to-end distortion.
Radiation-Induced Chemistry of Carbon Dioxide: A Pathway to Close the Carbon Loop for a Circular Economy (2020)

Recent advances in modular nuclear reactors facilitate the use of irradiation to produce fuels and chemicals using anthropogenic CO2. One of the challenges in CO2 conversion reactions is the stability or low reactivity of CO2. Chemical activation of CO2 via thermochemical or electrochemical approaches contributes to the high energy intensity of CO2 conversion reactions. Activation of the CO2 molecule via irradiation at significantly lower temperatures may now allow us to use heterogeneous CO2-bearing waste gas streams and renewable nuclear energy resources to produce high value chemicals and fuels in a distributed manner. In this paper, we review the radiolytic behavior of CO2, irradiation pathways relevant for producing fuels and chemicals using CO2, technological advances and research directions for advancing radiolytic conversion of CO2 to chemicals and fuels.
Technocratic Naiveté (2019)

Abstract An epistemological critique of technocracy may seem unnecessary if one believes that the causes of social and economic problems, and their solutions, are self-evident. However, this belief must confront the fact that technocrats frequently disagree with one another about the causes of and solutions to social and economic problems. One might respond to the fact of technocratic disagreement, however, by impugning the genuineness of technocratic disagreement: if the truth is self-evident, debate about it must be disingenuous. This response becomes untenable once we specify exactly the types of knowledge that a legitimate technocracy needs, for we then see that most of this knowledge is outside of anyone’s immediate experience and must be mediated to technocrats by fallible human interpreters. Moreover, unintended policy consequences may be counterintuitive, not self-evident. This chapter does not demonstrate that unintended consequences do plague technocracy, but it shows that they might.
An Alternative Method Based on Toluene/n-Heptane Surrogate Fuels for Rating the Anti-Knock Quality of Practical Gasolines (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As SI engines strive for higher efficiency they are more likely to encounter knock and fuel anti-knock quality, which is currently measured by RON and MON, becomes more important. However, the RON and MON scales are based on primary reference fuels (PRF) - mixtures of iso-octane and n-heptane - whose autoignition chemistry is significantly different from that of practical fuels. Hence RON or MON alone can truly characterize a gasoline for its knock behavior only at their respective test conditions. The same gasoline will match different PRF fuels at different operating conditions. The true anti-knock quality of a fuel is given by the octane index, OI = RON −KS where S = RON − MON, is the sensitivity. K depends on the pressure and temperature evolution in the unburned gas during the engine cycle and hence is different at different operating conditions and is negative in modern engines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper we propose that the gasolines are ranked against toluene /n-heptane mixtures (toluene reference fuel, TRF). The gasoline is assigned a Toluene Number (TN), which is the volume percent of toluene in the TRF which matches the gasoline for knock in the CFR RON test. Since TRFs will have comparable sensitivity to gasolines for the same RON, they will have comparable OI at different engine conditions and the TN will describe the knock behavior of the gasoline reasonably well at all different conditions. The paper describes the method and shows supporting experimental data. The other advantage of such a method is that it will enable a better quantitative description of fuels, such as ethanol mixtures, with RON &amp;gt; 100 and hence beyond the maximum of the current octane scale.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
[Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by perforin deficit can be successfully treated by haematopoietic stem cell transplantation--the first diagnosed case in the Czech Republic]. (2006)

Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is an inherited disorder characterized by an impaired cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes and NK cells typically manifesting within first few months after birth. If not treated adequately, it is inevitably fatal within several months. The incidence in Caucasians has been estimated to 1: 50 000 births. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation represents the only curative treatment for FHL. Recently, several genetic defects underlying molecular defects in FHL have been identified. In approximately 30% of patients FHL is caused by mutations in PRF1 gene coding for perforin. Further 30% of patients were found to have mutations in UNC13D coding for hMunc13-4 protein. Very recent report has identified another cause of FHL, mutations in STX11 gene on chromosome 6, coding for syntaxin 11. Absence of any of those proteins severely impairs the process of exocytosis of cytotoxic granules. We describe patient with clinical symptoms of FHL. Immunological and molecular biology methods led to the identification of perforin mutation as a cause of the disease. Patient received an allogeneic SCT from HLA-matched unrelated donor. SCT was followed by rapid normalization of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. In patient described in this study, FHL manifested with typical clinical and laboratory symptoms. Adequate immunosuppressive treatment and subsequent SCT led to the sustained remission of FHL and correction of molecular defect. This is the first case of FHL in Czech Republic where perforin mutation was identified as a molecular cause both at cellular and molecular level.
Comment on "Negative refractive index in artificial metamaterials" (2007)

We dispute Grigorenko's statement [Opt. Lett. 31, 2483 (2006)] that measuring only the reflection intensity spectrum is sufficient for determining the effective refractive index. In addition, our simulations do not confirm his conclusions regarding the negative refractive index and the negative permeability of the nanopillar sample in the visible range.
New Single-Phase Retarded Acid System Boosts Production after Acid Fracturing in Kazakhstan (2018)

Abstract The use of conventional acid systems in high-temperature, fast-reactive carbonate reservoirs limits the effectiveness of matrix acidizing and acid fracturing. Therefore, during acid stimulation in such conditions, acids with retarded reaction are usually recommended. Industry-employed retarded acid systems have several significant drawbacks—they either dissolve lower rock volume or have higher friction and are more complex to mix than the standard hydrochloric acid system. The introduction of a new single-phase retarded acid enabled minimizing these drawbacks. The sustained increase in productivity index (PI) after the acid fracturing and matrix acidizing treatments under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions was achieved. The treatments were performed on exploration wells drilled in carbonate oil fields of the pre-Caspian and Mangystau oil-bearing provinces of West Kazakhstan.
Interfacial elasticity and coalescence suppression in compatibilized polymer blends (2003)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ellen Van Hemelrijck, Peter Van Puyvelde, Sachin Velankar, Christopher W. Macosko, Paula Moldenaers; Interfacial elasticity and coalescence suppression in compatibilized polymer blends. Journal of Rheology 1 January 2004; 48 (1): 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1634987 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search