gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Combined Addition of Niobium and Boron and of Molybdenum and Boron on Hardnenability in Low Carbon Steels (2004)

Effects of the combined addition of niobium (Nb) and boron (B) and of molybdenum (Mo) and B on hardenability were investigated using low carbon steels. Strength synergically increases due to the combined addition of Nb and B and that of Mo and B. It is thought that strength increases due to these combined additions because austenite (γ) to ferrite (α) transformation is retarded and bainite transformation is promoted due to the increase in the segregated B along the γ grain boundary before γ to α transformation. The mechanism for the increase in the segregated boron along the γ grain boundary by these combined additions is considered below. Fe23(C, B)6 precipitates formed along the γ grain boundary are suppressed by these combined additions because of the suppression of C diffusion towards the γ grain boundary due to the precipitation of the fine dispersive niobium-titanium carbonnitride (Nb, Ti)(C, N) or titanium-molybdenum carbonnitride (Ti, Mo)(C, N) and the formation of C clusters of Nb and Mo during rolling or during cooling after rolling. Therefore, the segregated B along the γ grain boundary increases and γ to α transformation is retarded. The combined addition of Nb and B or that of Mo and B in low C bainitic steel is effective for increasing strength without deteriorating low temperature toughness. It is clarified that the increments of hardenability by the combined addition of Nb and B is different from that of Mo and B due to the difference of the amount of carbide precipitates.
Control of modular multilevel matrix converters based on capacitor voltage estimation (2016)

In this paper, a control method based on capacitor voltage estimation is applied to the modular multilevel matrix converter topology. By using such control method, capacitor voltage measurement is not needed in the high-level control. A state-space model of the converter and the control method is developed. Lyapunov stability theory is used to prove global asymptotic stability of the internal dynamics of the converter. Simulation results showing the behavior of the converter in steady-state and dynamic situations are presented.
THE STABILITY IN WATER OF A NEW CHLORAMINE DISINFECTANT AS A FUNCTION OF pH, TEMPERATURE, AND WATER QUALITY1 (1984)

ABSTRACT The stabilities in water and dry storage of two solid‐state disinfectants (3‐chloro‐4, 4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolidinone, agent I, and calcium hypochlorite) have been compared under a variety of conditions. Variables in the study included pH, temperature, and water quality. Agent I is considerably more stable in dry storage and in water, especially at pH 4.5 and 7.0, than is calcium hypochlorite. This is true for solutions of the two compounds in sterile, distilled, deionized, demandfree water or in a synthetic water containing heavy organic load. Prior work in these laboratories concerning use of agent I as a disinfectant for lake water in a laboratory‐scale treatment plant had suggested that agent I has considerable potential for use as an alternative to cholorine gas for water disinfection. The present work suggests that agent I is of sufficient stability to be of use as a solid‐state disinfectant for swimming pools and for potable water for remote areas.
Time-critical search (2014)

We study time-critical search, where users have urgent information needs in the context of an acute problem. As examples, users may need to know how to stem a severe bleed, help a baby who is choking on a foreign object, or respond to an epileptic seizure. While time-critical situations and actions have been studied in the realm of decision-support systems, little has been done with time-critical search and retrieval, and little direct support is offered by search systems. Critical challenges with time-critical search include accurately inferring when users have urgent needs and providing relevant information that can be understood and acted upon quickly. We leverage surveys and search log data from a large mobile search provider to (a) characterize the use of search engines for time-critical situations, and (b) develop predictive models to accurately predict urgent information needs, given a query and a diverse set of features spanning topical, temporal, behavioral, and geospatial attributes. The methods and findings highlight opportunities for extending search and retrieval to consider the urgency of queries.
A Concise Synthesis of a New Xylyl‐Biaryl Diphosphine Ligand for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On detecting pollution attacks in inter-session network coding (2012)

Dealing with pollution attacks in inter-session network coding is challenging due to the fact that sources, in addition to intermediate nodes, can be malicious. In this work, we first define precisely corrupted packets in inter-session pollution based on the commitment of the source packets. We then propose three detection schemes: one hash-based and two MAC-based schemes: InterM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">acCPK</sub> and SpaceMac <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PM</sub> . Inter <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MacCPK</sub> is the first multi-source homomorphic MAC scheme that supports multiple keys. Both MAC schemes can replace traditional MACs, e.g., HMAC, in networks that employ inter-session coding. All three schemes provide in-network detection, are collusion-resistant, and have very low online bandwidth and computation overhead.
Analog Accelerator for Simulation and Diagnostics (2020)

We propose a new method for solving Initial Value Problems (IVPs). Our method is based on analog computing and has the potential to almost eliminate traditional switching time in digital computing. The approach can be used to simulate large systems longer, faster, and with higher accuracy. Many algorithms for Model-Based Diagnosis use numerical integration to simulate physical systems. The numerical integration process is often either computationally expensive or imprecise. We propose a new method, based on Field-Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAAs) that has the potential to overcome many practical problems. We envision a software/hardware framework for solving systems of simultaneous Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) in fraction of the time of traditional numerical algorithms. In this paper we describe the solving of an IVP with the help of an Analog Computing Unit (ACU). To do this we build a special calculus based on operational amplifiers (op-amps) with local feedback. We discuss the implementation of the ACU on an Integrated Circuit (IC). We analyze the working if the IC and simulate the dynamic Lotka-Volterra system with the de-facto standard tool for electrical simulation: Spice.
The Deadly Toxin Arsenal of the Tree-Dwelling Australian Funnel-Web Spiders (2022)

Australian funnel-web spiders are amongst the most dangerous venomous animals. Their venoms induce potentially deadly symptoms, including hyper- and hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia and pulmonary oedema. Human envenomation is more frequent with the ground-dwelling species, including the infamous Sydney funnel-web spider (<i>Atrax robustus</i>); although, only two tree-dwelling species induce more severe envenomation. To unravel the mechanisms that lead to this stark difference in clinical outcomes, we investigated the venom transcriptome and proteome of arboreal <i>Hadronyche cerberea</i> and <i>H. formidabilis</i>. Overall, <i>Hadronyche</i> venoms comprised 44 toxin superfamilies, with 12 being exclusive to tree-dwellers. Surprisingly, the major venom components were neprilysins and uncharacterized peptides, in addition to the well-known ω- and δ-hexatoxins and double-knot peptides. The insecticidal effects of <i>Hadronyche</i> venom on sheep blowflies were more potent than <i>Atrax</i> venom, and the venom of both tree- and ground-dwelling species potently modulated human voltage-gated sodium channels, particularly Na<sub>V</sub>1.2. Only the venom of tree-dwellers exhibited potent modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels. <i>H. formidabilis</i> appeared to be under less diversifying selection pressure compared to the newly adapted tree-dweller, <i>H. cerberea</i>. Thus, this study contributes to unravelling the fascinating molecular and pharmacological basis for the severe envenomation caused by the Australian tree-dwelling funnel-web spiders.
Plasmon-Mediated Chiroptical Second Harmonic Generation from Seemingly Achiral Gold Nanorods (2021)

Throughout nature, simple rules explain complex phenomena, such as the selective interaction of chiral objects with circularly polarized light. Here, we demonstrate chiroptical signals from gold nanorods, which are seemingly achiral structures. Shape anisotropy due to atomic-level faceting and rounding at the tips of nanorods, which are free of chiral surface ligands, induces linear-to-circular polarization modulation during second harmonic generation. The intrinsic nanorod chiroptical response is increased by plasmon-resonant excitation, which preferentially amplifies circularly polarized harmonic signals. This structure-plasmon interplay is uniquely resolved by polarization-resolved second harmonic generation measurements. The material's second-order polarizability is the product of the structure-dependent lattice-normal susceptibility and local surface plasmon field vectors. Synthetically scalable plasmon-supporting nanorods that amplify small circular dichroism signals provide a simple, assembly-free platform for chiroptical transduction.
In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Effects of Novel Arylimidamide Derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi (2014)

Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a serious public health problem in several Latin American countries. The available chemotherapies for CD have limited efficacy and exhibit undesirable side effects. Aromatic diamidines and arylimidamides (AIAs) have shown broad-spectrum activity against intracellular parasites, including T. cruzi. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the biological activity of eight novel AIAs (16DAP002, 16SAB079, 18SAB075, 23SMB022, 23SMB026, 23SMB054, 26SMB070, and 27SMB009) against experimental models of T. cruzi infection in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that none of the compounds induced a loss of cellular viability up to 32 μM. Two AIAs, 18SAB075 and 16DAP002, exhibited good in vitro activity against different parasite strains (Y and Tulahuen) and against the two relevant forms of the parasite for mammalian hosts. Due to the excellent selective indexes of 18SAB075, this AIA was moved to in vivo tests for acute toxicity and parasite efficacy; nontoxic doses (no-observed-adverse-effect level [NOAEL], 50 mg/kg) were employed in the tests for parasite efficacy. In experimental models of acute T. cruzi infection, 18SAB075 reduced parasitemia levels only up to 50% and led to 40% protection against mortality (at 5 mg/kg of body weight), being less effective than the reference drug, benznidazole.
Co-Immunization of Plasmid DNA Encoding IL-12 and IL-18 with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccine against Progressive Tuberculosis (2011)

Co-immunization of IL-12 DNA vaccine with the BCG vaccine induced more protective immunity and was more effective for protection against progressive infection of M. tuberculosis.
Comparative allergenic study of Tetranychus urticae from different sources. (1998)

Tetranychus urticae is a macroscopic mite known as "red spider mite". It is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous mite which parasitizes both fruit trees and herbaceous plants, particularly in greenhouses. Contribution of T. urticae to occupational asthma among greenhouse workers has been studied to identify and describe the main T. urticae allergens. In this study we described and compared the physiochemical characteristics of the main. T. urticae allergens from three different sources, carnation, cucumber and vegetable marrow. Forty-two green-house workers with occupational T. urticae allergy were included. Extracts were prepared from mite bodies collected from the three different sources; skin prick tests, specific IgE, SDS-PAGE and SDS-PAGE immunoblotting were carried out with the three T. urticae extracts. Cross-reactivity was measured by RAST inhibition. These assays were done with each of the three extracts in solid and fluid phases. All patients showed a positive prick test to T. urticae extracts from carnation, 39 (93%) to those from cucumber, and 34 (81%) to those from vegetable marrow. Specific IgE was positive in 80% of patient sera from T. urticae extract from carnation, 58% and 63% in that from cucumber and vegetable marrow, respectively. SDS-PAGE immunoblotting of the extracts showed coincident and relevant allergens. The similar curve obtained by RAST inhibition assays revealed the high epitope similarity from the three extracts. In conclusion, T. urticae extracts from parasitic carnation, cucumber and vegetable marrow cultures showed a high epitope similarity with three relevant allergens with molecular mass of 25, 19 and 15 to 17 kDa.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of 60-GHz indoor channels (2002)

This article presents measurement results and models for 60-GHz channels. Multipath components were resolved in time by using a sliding correlator with 10-ns resolution and in space by sweeping a directional antenna with 7/spl deg/ half power beamwidth in the azimuthal direction. Power delay profiles (PDPs) and power angle profiles (PAPs) were measured in various indoor and short-range outdoor environments. Detailed multipath structure was retrieved from PDPs and PAPs and was related to site-specific environments. Results show an excellent correlation between the propagation environments and the multipath channel structures. The measurement results confirm that the majority of the multipath components can be determined from image based ray tracing techniques for line-of-sight (LOS) applications. For non-LOS (NLOS) propagation through walls, the metallic structure of composite walls must be considered. From the recorded PDPs and PAPs, received signal power and statistical parameters of angle-of-arrival and time-of-arrival were also calculated. These parameters accurately describe the spatial and temporal properties of millimeter-wave channels and can be used as empirical values for broadband wireless system design for 60-GHz short-range channels.
Augmenting real-world objects (1996)

The Audio Notebook allows a user to capture and access an audio recording of a lecture or meeting in conjunction with notes written on paper. The audio recording is synchronized with the user’s handwritten notes and page turns. As a user flips through physical pages of notes, the audio scans to the start of each page. Audio is also accessed by pointing with a pen to a location in the notes or using an audio scrollbar. A small observational study of users in real settings was performed. The prototype did not interfere with the user’s normal interactions yet gave reassurance that key ideas could be accessed later. In future work, automatic segmentation of the recorded speech using acoustic cues will be combined with user activity to structure the audio.
Modeling of Multimodal Scattering by Conducting Bodies in Quantum Optics: the Method of Characteristic Modes (2021)

We propose a numerical technique for modeling the quantum multimode light scattering by a perfectly conducting body. Using the novel quantization technique, we give the quantum adaptation of the characteristic mode approach widely used in the classical electrodynamics. The method is universal with respect to the body's configuration, as well as its dimensions relative to the wavelength. Using this method and calculating the first- and the second-order field correlation functions, we demonstrate how scattering affects quantum-statistical features of the field. As an example, we consider scattering of the two single-photon incident Gaussian beams on the cylinder with circular cross-section. We show that the scattering is accompanied by the two-photon interference and demonstrates the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. It is shown, that the scattered two-photon field and its correlations are able to manifest a varying directive propagation, which is controllable by various means (angles of incidence, configuration of the body, relations between its sizes with the frequency). We expect that this method will be useful for designing quantum-optical devices.
Overexpression of the Gene Encoding GTP:Mannose-1-Phosphate Guanyltransferase, mpg1 , Increases Cellular GDP-Mannose Levels and Protein Mannosylation in Trichoderma reesei (2003)

To elucidate the regulation and limiting factors in the glycosylation of secreted proteins, the mpg1 and dpm1 genes from Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) encoding GTP:alpha-D-mannose-1-phosphate guanyltransferase and dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase (DPMS), respectively, were overexpressed in T. reesei. No significant increases were observed in DPMS activity or protein secretion in dpm1-overexpressing transformants, whereas overexpression of mpg1 led to a twofold increase in GDP-mannose (GDPMan) levels. GDPMan was effectively utilized by mannnosyltransferases and resulted in hypermannosylation of secreted proteins in both N and O glycosylation. Overexpression of the mpg1 gene also increased the transcription of the dpm1 gene and DPMS activity. Our data indicate that the level of cellular GDPMan can play a major regulatory role in protein glycosylation in T. reesei.
Compressible, Dense, Three-Dimensional Holey Graphene Monolithic Architecture (2017)

By creating holes in 2D nanosheets, tortuosity and porosity can be greatly tunable, which enables a fast manufacturing process (i.e., fast removal of gas and solvent) toward various nanostructures. We demonstrated outstanding compressibility of holey graphene nanosheets, which is impossible for pristine graphene. Holey graphene powder can be easily compressed into dense and strong monoliths with different shapes at room temperature without using any solvents or binders. The remarkable compressibility of holey graphene, which is in sharp contrast with pristine graphene, not only enables the fabrication of robust, dense graphene products that exhibit high density (1.4 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), excellent specific mechanical strength [18 MPa/(g/cm<sup>3</sup>)], and good electrical (130 S/cm) and thermal (20 W/mK) conductivities, but also provides a binder-free dry process that overcomes the disadvantages of wet processes required for fabrication of three-dimensional graphene products. Fundamentally different from graphite, the holey graphene products are both dense and porous, which can enable possible broader applications such as energy storage and gas separation membranes.
Structural Basis for Norovirus Inhibition and Fucose Mimicry by Citrate (2011)

Human noroviruses bind with their capsid-protruding domains to histo-blood-group antigens (HBGAs), an interaction thought to direct their entry into cells. Although human noroviruses are the major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks, development of antivirals has been lacking, mainly because human noroviruses cannot be cultivated. Here we use X-ray crystallography and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) to analyze the interaction of citrate with genogroup II (GII) noroviruses. Crystals of citrate in complex with the protruding domain from norovirus GII.10 Vietnam026 diffracted to 1.4 Å and showed a single citrate bound at the site of HBGA interaction. The citrate interaction was coordinated with a set of capsid interactions almost identical to that involved in recognizing the terminal HBGA fucose, the saccharide which forms the primary conserved interaction between HBGAs and GII noroviruses. Citrate and a water molecule formed a ring-like structure that mimicked the pyranoside ring of fucose. STD NMR showed the protruding domain to have weak affinity for citrate (460 μM). This affinity, however, was similar to the affinities of the protruding domain for fucose (460 μM) and H type 2 trisaccharide (390 μM), an HBGA shown previously to be specifically recognized by human noroviruses. Importantly, competition STD NMR showed that citrate could compete with HBGA for norovirus binding. Together, the results suggest that citrate and other glycomimetics have the potential to block human noroviruses from binding to HBGAs.
Dataset on economic analysis of mass production of algae in LED-based photobioreactors (2018)

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "Sugar-stimulated CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration by the green microalga <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>" (Fu et al., 2019) [1]. The data describe a rational design and scale-up of LED-based photobioreactors for producing value-added algal biomass while removing waste CO<sub>2</sub> from flu gases from power plants. The dataset were created from growth rate experiments for biomass production including direct biomass productivity data, PBR size and setup parameters, medium composition as well as indirect energy cost and overhead in Iceland. A complete economic analysis is formed through a cost breakdown as well as PBR scalability predictions.
Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Binding Protein in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia (2011)

Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder that afflicts about 1% of the population worldwide. Despite intensive, multifaceted research, its exact etiology remains elusive. Epidemiological data shows that when pregnant mothers experienced malnutrition or famine (e.g. the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1994-1945 and the Chinese famine of 1959-1961), the risk of schizophrenia in their children increased by two fold. This fact could be considered in the context of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) or fetal programming. The concept of DOHaD is well referenced in the understanding of adult metabolic diseases, but less so in the field of mental disorders. We will attempt to show how the mechanisms of DOHaD could contribute at least in part to schizophrenia pathogenesis. Resonating with this concept, we introduce mainly our data showing increased expression of genes for fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) in the postmortem brains from patients with schizophrenia and the beneficial effect conferred by the administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during the early developmental period of rats.
Low sex steroid environment affects survival and steroid secretion of ovarian tumour cells in primary cultures (2002)

Ovarian epithelial tumours are considered to be endocrine related. The effects of an environment with low levels of the steroid hormones 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone or progesterone on cell survival and steroid secretion were studied in primary cell cultures derived from 25 patients suffering from epithelial ovarian tumours. Tumour cells cultured in 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone showed a reduced cell survival (-10.3 +/- 2.3% and -15.6 +/- 2.7% minimum survival respectively). This reduction was inversely proportional to hormone concentrations within the range studied. No similar effect was observed in the progesterone cultures. It was found that 17 beta-estradiol was secreted from the primary cell cultures and, interestingly, the amount of 17 beta-estradiol secreted increased with increasing levels of 17 beta-estradiol in the environment. Neither progesterone nor testosterone production was observed in any of the cultures studied. It is believed that 17 beta-estradiol has an antiapoptotic effect on ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells. Reduction of 17 beta-estradiol in the environment may inhibit this effect, resulting in reduced cell survival. The ability of ovarian epithelial tumour cells to secrete 17 beta-estradiol suggests that epithelial ovarian tumours play an active role in altering their own hormonal environment, promoting tumour progression.