gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional allosteric effects of agonists and GTP at alpha(2A/D)-adrenoceptors. (2000)

Agonists and GTP exert reciprocal effects on the stability of the G protein-coupled receptor/G protein complex, implying bidirectional control over the receptor/G protein interface. To investigate this relationship, we compared the ability of a series of hydroxyl-substituted phenethylamine and imidazoline agonists to stimulate [(35)S]guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPgammaS) binding in membranes from alpha(2A/D)-adrenergic receptor-transfected PC12 cells with the magnitude of the GTP-induced reduction in agonist affinity in [(3)H]rauwolscine-binding studies. Agents previously described as full and partial agonists in functional studies showed similar relative efficacies in promoting GTP binding (r = 0.97) as well as similar relative potencies (r = 0.94). Efficacy among agonists for promotion of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding was closely correlated with the relative influence of GTPgammaS on agonist binding (r = 0.97), consistent with a bidirectional allosteric influence by agonists and GTP on receptor/G protein complexation. In an additional series of tolazoline derivatives, a range in efficacy from full agonism to strong inverse agonism was observed, depending on the presence or absence of hydroxyl substituents. Together these results suggest that agonist-induced repositioning of transmembrane helices via their hydroxyl interactions is a critical determinant of the stability of the receptor/G protein complex and therefore of agonist efficacy.
Contract enactment in virtual organizations: a commitment-based approach (2006)

A virtual organization (VO) is a dynamic collection of entities (individuals, enterprises, and information resources) collabo-rating on some computational activity. VOs are an emerging means to model, enact, and manage large-scale computations. VOs consist of autonomous, heterogeneous members, often dynamic exhibiting complex behaviors. Thus, VOs are best modeled via multiagent systems. An agent can be an indi-vidual such as a person, business partner, or a resource. An agent may also be a VO. A VO is an agent that comprises other agents. Contracts provide a natural arms-length abstraction for mod-eling interaction among autonomous and heterogeneous agents. The interplay of contracts and VOs is the subject of this paper. The core of this paper is an approach to formalize VOs and contracts based on commitments. Our main contributions are (1) a formalization of VOs, (2) a discussion of certain key properties of VOs, and (3) an iden-tification of a variety of VO structures and an analysis of how they support contract enactment. We evaluate our approach with an analysis of several scenarios involving the handling of exceptions and conflicts in contracts.
A Novel Vital-Sign Sensor Based on a Self-Injection-Locked Oscillator (2010)

A novel vital-sign sensor with a self-injection-locked oscillator and a frequency demodulator to reduce system complexity and improve sensitivity is proposed. The theory provides a delta-sigma model to account for the excellent signal-to-noise spectral density ratio in a parametric study of the sensitivity performance. Then, the experiments verify the sensing principle and the predicted performance. Accordingly, a prototype sensor with high sensitivity is realized for noncontact cardiopulmonary monitoring, achieving a long sensing distance without the need for a low-noise amplifier. The sensing distance can grow four times longer by doubling the operating frequency. Furthermore, the sensor using a swept frequency can eliminate the null detection points and the external radio interference. As an experimental result, the sensor, which is placed 4 m away from the subject, can reliably detect the heartbeat signal an the operating frequency of 3.6 GHz and an output power level of 0 dBm.
Circadian rhythm of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in the iris-ciliary body of the rat (1993)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the iris-ciliary body of rats kept under constant darkness (DD) and in 12 h light-12 h dark cycle (LD) was determined by enzyme immunoassay. NPY-LI contents in the iris-ciliary body were found to oscillate in circadian fashion under DD and LD conditions, with a peak at about circadian time 12 (CT 12) and a trough at around CT 0. Unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy caused a significant decrease in NPY-LI levels in the sympathectomized eye compare to the contralateral intact eye, independent of lighting phase. These results suggest the presence of an endogenous circadian rhythm in NPY-LI content in the rat iris-ciliary body, and the possible involvement of a sympathetic input from the superior cervical ganglion.
Measurement of soil bacterial colony temperatures and isolation of a high heat-producing bacterium (2013)

We found that heat production by bacteria affected the bacterial colony temperature and that a bacterium identified as Pseudomonas putida could maintain a cellular temperature different from the ambient temperature, particularly at a sub-optimal growth temperature. The bacterial isolate P. putida KT1401 increased its colony temperature by an energy-spilling reaction when the incubation temperature limited its growth.
Impact of sequential infiltration synthesis on pattern fidelity of DSA lines (2015)

Numerous block copolymer (BCP) systems can be used in directed self-assembly (DSA) processes to form patterns useful in lithography, especially lines and spaces with lamellar phase systems and vias/pillars with cylindrical phase systems. However, most of these BCP systems with attractive pattern formation capabilities have limited plasma etch contrast between the polymer domains. One potential solution to greatly enhance this etch contrast is a recently developed technique called sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). SIS is a self-limiting synthesis technique, like atomic layer deposition, where organometallic (OM) precursor vapours and oxidants are introduced into self-assembled block copolymer systems in multiple cycles. In the first half of each cycle the OM precursor selectively reacts with one polymer domain, and in the second half of the cycle the oxidant reacts with the OM groups in the polymer film to selectively form metallic compounds in one of the polymer domains. Thus, the polymer pattern is transformed into a metallic mask with much enhanced plasma etch contrast. We report the effects of such a block-selective SIS process of metallic compounds on the feature sizes, roughness and profiles of patterns formed with BCP systems.
The applicability of simultaneous TRUS-CT imaging for the evaluation of prostate seed implants (2005)

To study dose-effect relations of prostate implants with I-125 seeds, accurate knowledge of the dose distribution in the prostate is essential. Commonly, a post-implant computed tomography (CT) scan is used to determine the geometry of the implant and to delineate the contours of the prostate. However, the delineation of the prostate on CT slices is very cumbersome due to poor contrast between the prostate capsule and surrounding tissues. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) on the other hand offers good visualization of the prostate but poor visualization of the implanted seeds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of combining CT with 3D TRUS by means of image fusion. The advantage of fused TRUS-CT imaging is that both prostate contours and implanted seeds will be well visible. In our clinic, post-implant imaging was realized by simultaneously acquiring a TRUS scan and a CT scan. The TRUS transducer was inserted while the patient was on the CT couch and the CT scan was made directly after the TRUS scan, with the probe still in situ. With the TRUS transducer being visible on both TRUS and CT images, the geometrical relationship between both image sets could be defined by registration on the transducer. Having proven the applicability of simultaneous imaging, the accuracy of this registration method was investigated by additional registration on visible seeds, after preregistration on the transducer. In 4 out of 23 investigated cases an automatic grey value registration on seeds failed for each of the investigated cost functions, and in 2 cases for both cost functions, due to poor visibility of the seeds on the TRUS scan. The average deviations of the seed registration with respect to the transducer registration were negligible. However, in a few individual cases the deviations were significant and probably due to movement of the patient between TRUS and CT scan. In case of a registration on the transducer it is important to avoid patient movement in-between the TRUS and CT scan and to keep the time in-between the scans as short as possible. It can be concluded that fusion of a CT scan and a simultaneously made TRUS scan by means of a three-dimensional (3D) transducer is feasible and accurate when performing a registration on the transducer, if necessary, fine-tuned by a registration on seeds. These fused images are likely to be of great value for post-implant dose distribution evaluations.
Microprobe laser mass spectrometry studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions on harbor sediments and coals (2001)

Abstract Microprobe two‐step laser mass spectrometry (μL 2 MS) was used to assess the distribution and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on sediment particles dredged from the harbor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. PAH concentrations are largely associated with coal‐derived particles and other carbonaceous environments. PAH distributions on these coal‐derived particles and carbonaceous environments, which are thought to have separate origins, were found to be quite similar. μL 2 MS data of coal and thermally‐processed coal showed profound differences from μL 2 MS data obtained from the coal‐derived particles in the sediment. The results of these experiments indicate that the coal‐derived particles are not the source of PAHs in the sediment but are scavengers of PAH contaminants in the Milwaukee Harbor sediments.
An Acoustic Hemostasis Device for Advanced Trauma Care (2001)

Abstract : Research was conducted to develop acoustic homeostasis devices for advanced trauma care.
Spatially resolved measurements of absolute CH3 concentration in a hot-filament reactor (1997)

Methyl radicals are generated in a hot-filament diamond synthesis reactor using a resistively heated tungsten filament (20 mm long) in a slowly flowing mixture of 0.5% CH4 in H2. The UV absorbance of CH3 is measured during deposition using a line-of-sight optical technique called cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Measurements are carried out at 213.9 nm, a wavelength at which the CH3 absorption cross section has been shown, by others, to be independent of temperature over a large range. We observe a strong sensitivity of the methyl radical concentration throughout the reactor to the substrate temperature. At some operating conditions, we also observe the methyl radical concentration to peak at a location several millimeters from the filament surface. This behavior of CH3 with distance from filament is in qualitative agreement with two-dimensional models of the deposition environment, and is attributed to the effect of Soret diffusion on the balance of the primary methyl production/destruction reaction.
Bioremediation of explosives (1990)

The extensive manufacture, packing, and the use of explosives has often resulted in significant contamination of soils and ground waters near these activities. Congressional mandate has now required that such sites be remediated. An especially promising technology for this explosives problem is biotechnology. When applicable, biotechnology is cheap and provides complete conversion of hazardous compounds to harmless biomass or carbon dioxide. The focus of this paper will be on our present understanding of the microbial metabolism of the explosives, TNT and RDX, which have been used most extensively in the United States. To assure that an efficient process is developed for TNT biodegradation, we are conducting appropriate lab scale tests with TNT contaminated soil. First, we are testing their efficiency in soil/water slurries; we are also testing their efficiency in a column system designed to simulate composting conditions. A pilot scale test of this bacterial degradation will be conducted as soon as weather permits. 36 refs., 5 figs.
Stochastic feedforward—feedback control design in a discrete-time case (2008)

This paper examines the role of random feedforward inputs in a probabilistic framework for stochastic control design in a discrete-time case. Fundamental rules of probability are applied to extend the Chapman—Kolmogorov equation by including the effect of the additional random disturbance variables. The steady state solution to this equation is then applied to the design of two long-term regulatory controllers: a probability-density-shaping controller and an approximation of an optimal controller with respect to a non-symmetric and non-quadratic cost functions.
A process model and system for supporting collaborative work (1991)

A model for collaborative work is presented, that provides for the decomposition of a collaborative process into units of work, the relative scheduling of these units of work, the flexible assignment and routing of units of work to people who will perform the work, and the presentation and manipulation of documents (or other data) needed in the context of performing the work. This collaborative process model supports the definition, execution, monitoring, and dynamic modification of organizational processes, and is implemented as an object-oriented network service.
Nanometer-scale morphology of homoepitaxial diamond films by atomic force microscopy (1992)

We present the first atomic force microscopy images of diamond films grown homoepitaxially in a hot filament reactor on (100), (111), and (110) natural diamond substrates. (100)-oriented diamond films grown with 0.3% CH4 at a substrate temperature of 810 °C were rough on the micron scale, exhibiting pyramidal features and penetration twins, while films grown with 1.6% CH4 at 1000 °C were nearly atomically smooth and showed evidence of a (2×1) reconstruction. A (111)-oriented film cracked due to tensile stress and was rough on the 50–500 nm scale, while a (110)-oriented film was rough on the micron scale but nearly atomically smooth on the 0.5–5 nm scale. Implications of the observed morphologies for diamond growth mechanisms are discussed.
Abstract 11209: KER-012, a Novel Modified ActrII Ligand Trap, Attenuated Cardiac Pathology in a Pulmonary Arterial Banding Model of Right Ventricle Overload (2021)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disorder, characterized by right ventricle (RV) pressure overload, cardiac hypertrophy, and progressive RV dysfunction. PAH is associated with unbalanced TGFß signaling, favoring signaling of SMAD2/3 and opposing SMAD1/5/9. The result is an increase in vascular proliferation and disruption of vascular homeostasis. KER-012 is a modified ActRII ligand trap designed to inhibit ligands that signal through SMAD2/3 to promote restoration of vascular homeostasis. To investigate the cardio-protective effects of RKER-012, a research version of KER-012, we evaluated the effect of treatment in a pulmonary arterial banding (PAB) model. In this study, 8-week-old, male C57BL/6 mice underwent sham or PAB surgery to increase RV pressure and induce cardiac remodeling. The sham cohort received vehicle (VEH) treatment and PAB mice received either vehicle (VEH) or 10 mg/kg RKER-012 twice weekly for 3 weeks. Relative to sham mice, all PAB mice had elevated pulmonary arterial pressures on day 1 (all ps&lt;0.0001) that persisted until day 21 (all ps&lt;0.01), indicating that the PAB procedure was effective. VEH PAB mice also exhibited diminished cardiac function, including increased end systolic pressure volume relationship (ESPVR; +79.3%; p&lt;0.001) and increased myocardial performance index (MPI; +45.6%; p&lt;0.0001) compared to Sham VEH. Additionally, VEH PAB mice had markers of cardiac remodeling, including increased Fulton Indices (+54.8%; p&lt;0.0001), increased RV free wall thickness (RVFWT; +95.8%; p&lt;0.0001) and increased cardiac fibrotic tissue (+529.9%; p&lt;0.0001). In contrast, RKER-012 treatment was cardioprotective and prevented changes in cardiac function and tissue remodeling. In treated mice, there was a trend for decreased ESPVR (-14.2%), decreased MPI (-13.2%, p&lt;0.01), decreased Fulton Index (-13.5%; p&lt;0.01), and decreased RVFWT (-22.9%; p&lt;0.0001) compared to VEH PAB. Treated mice also had reduced cardiac fibrotic tissue (-38.9%, p&lt;0.01). Taken together, these data provide evidence that KER-012 has the potential to reduce cardiac remodeling and improve cardiac performance in pathologies involving constricted pulmonary arterial blood flow and could provide benefit in diseases such as PAH.
Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications: New Results for Rural Connectivity (2016)

This paper shows the remarkable distances that can be achieved using millimeter wave communications, and presents a new rural macrocell (RMa) path loss model for millimeter wave frequencies, based on measurements at 73 GHz in rural Virginia. Path loss models are needed to estimate signal coverage and interference for wireless network design, yet little is known about rural propagation at millimeter waves. This work identifies problems with the RMa model used by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TR 38.900 Release 14, and offers a close-in (CI) reference distance model that has improved accuracy, fewer parameters, and better stability as compared with the existing 3GPP RMa path loss model. The measurements and models presented here are the first to validate rural millimeter wave path loss models.
Self-assembly of magnetically interacting cubes by a turbulent fluid flow (2011)

Previous work has demonstrated that combining mechanical vibration with magnetic interactions can result in the self-assembly of complex structures, albeit at low yield. Here we introduce a system where the yield of self-assembled structures is quantitatively predicted by a theoretical analysis. Millimeter-sized magnetic blocks, designed to form chains as their minimal energy state, are placed in a turbulent fluid flow. The distribution of chain lengths that form is quantitatively consistent with predictions, showing that the chain length distribution coincides with that of monomers or polymers in a thermal bath, with the turbulence strength parametrizing the effective temperature.
Age, degree of mental retardation, institutionalization, and socioeconomic status as determinants in the oral hygiene status of mentally retarded individuals (1980)

Oral hygiene has been implicated as a casual factor in the development of dental caries and periodontal disease in mentally retarded individuals. Little attention, however, has been given to the determinants of oral hygiene status. The present paper assesses the oral hygiene status of institutionalized (I) and noninstitutionalized (NI) mentally retarded (MR) individuals aged 4 through 25, in relation to age, degree of mental retardation, and socioeconomic status. Institutional status was found to be a major determinant in oral hygiene conditions of the study group, as IMR individuals had significantly higher OHI scores than NIMR individuals. Associations of age and OHI were significant only for NIMR. Although differences between I and NI groups, with respect to degree of mental retardation, were seen for mildly, moderately, and severely retarded, no significant difference in OHI scores between I and NI profoundly retarded was seen. Socioeconomic status was not found to be a significant factor in the oral hygiene status of MR individuals. This study emphasizes the need to assess age, degree of mental retardation, and institutional status when implicating oral hygiene in caries and periodontal disease prevalence in MR individuals.
From embryonic development to human diseases: The functional role of caveolae/caveolin (2016)

Caveolae, an almost ubiquitous, structural component of the plasma membrane, play a critical role in many functions essential for proper cell function, including membrane trafficking, signal transduction, extracellular matrix remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Three main types of caveolin proteins have been identified from caveolae since the discovery of caveolin-1 in the early 1990s. All three (Cav-1, Cav-2, and Cav-3) play crucial roles in mammalian physiology, and can effect pathogenesis in a wide range of human diseases. While many biological activities of caveolins have been uncovered since its discovery, their role and regulation in embryonic develop remain largely poorly understood, although there is increasing evidence that caveolins may be linked to lung and brain birth defects. Further investigations are clearly needed to decipher how caveolae/caveolins mediate cellular functions and activities of normal embryogenesis and how their perturbations contribute to developmental disorders.
SOME BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THYMUS LEUKEMIA ANTIGENS SOLUBILIZED FROM CELL MEMBRANES BY PAPAIN DIGESTION (1973)

Thymus leukemia (TL) alloantigenic activity was solubilized by papain proteolytic digestion from intact RADA1 tumor cells. If the cells were labeled with amino acids and fucose, the TL alloantigen could be isolated as a doubly labeled glycoprotein fragment by indirect precipitation from the papain digest. This TL glycoprotein fragment was approximately the same mol wt as the papain-digested H-2.4 alloantigen fragment as judged by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The carbohydrate chain of the TL glycoprotein obtained by exhaustive pronase digestion behaved as a glycopeptide of approximately 4,500 mol wt, as compared with the glycopeptide of the H-2.4 alloantigen that had a mol wt of about 3,500. Thus, the TL alloantigen can be solubilized by papain digestion as a glycoprotein fragment similar in mol wt to the H-2 alloantigen glycoprotein fragment. The carbohydrate chain of the TL glycoprotein is larger than the H-2 carbohydrate chain.
Determinant role of the edges in defining surface plasmon propagation in stripe waveguides and tapered concentrators (2012)

In this paper, we experimentally show the effect of waveguide discontinuity on the propagation of the surface plasmon in metal stripes and tapered terminations. Dual-plane leakage microscopy and near-field microscopy were performed on Au stripes with varied widths to image the surface plasmon intensity distribution in real and reciprocal spaces. We unambiguously demonstrate that edge diffraction is the limiting process determining the cutoff conditions of the surface plasmon mode. Finally, we determine the optimal tapered geometry leading to the highest transmission.
High peak power picosecond pulse generation from AlGaAs external cavity mode-locked semiconductor laser and traveling-wave amplifier (1990)

Thin active region single stripe aluminum gallium arsenide traveling-wave amplifiers have been used to generate and amplify 15 ps optical pulses to nearly 50 mW average powers and to peak powers in excess of 3 W. No appreciable temporal pulse distortion is observed after amplification. These peak power levels should prove to be sufficient to induce nonlinear optical effects in fibers.
An Optimization Based Design Framework for Multi-Functional 3D Printing (2013)

This work investigates design analysis and optimization methods for the integration of active internal systems into a component for manufacture using multi-material 3D printing processes. This enables efficient design of optimal multifunctional components that exploit the design freedoms of additive manufacturing (AM). The main contributions of this paper are in two areas: 1) the automated placement and routing of electrical systems within the component volume and, 2) the accommodation of the effect of this system integration on the structural response of the part through structural topology optimization (TO). A novel voxel modeling approach was used to facilitate design flexibility and to allow direct mapping to the 3D printer jetting nozzles.