gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tribute to Professor Sun Lee—Experimental Microsurgery Pioneer (2016)

From the *Department Operative Unit of “Lymphatic Surgery”; Post Graduate School in Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Genoa (Confederated with Pisa, Florence, and Siena); Department of General, Specialist & Oncological Surgery, IRCCS University Hospital, San Martino–IST, National Institute for Cancer Research, University School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; and DISC—Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Section/Center of Research in Lymphology, Lymphatic Surgery & Microsurgery—“Surgical Clinic,” Genoa, Italy; †Neurosurgery Center for Research, Training and Education, Loma Linda University, CA. Received November 4, 2015, and accepted for publication, after revision November 6, 2015. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Reprints: Corradino Campisi, MD, PhD, FACS, Director of the Department Operative Unit of “Lymphatic Surgery”, Coordinator of the Post Graduate School in Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Genoa, (Confederated with Pisa, Florence, & Siena), Department of General, Specialist & Oncological Surgery, IRCCS University Hospital, San Martino-IST, National Institute for Cancer Research, University School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genoa, DISC—Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Section/Center of Research in Lymphology, Lymphatic Surgery & Microsurgery—“Surgical Clinic,” L.go R.Benzi, 10 – 16132 Genoa, Italy. E-mail: [email protected].
Long-term Functional Outcomes and Predictors of Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus After Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in the BRAT Trial (2015)

There is no difference in shunt dependency after SAH among patients treated by endovascular or microsurgical means. Patients in whom shunt-dependent hydrocephalus does not develop after SAH tend to have improved long-term functional outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Molecular Biology in the Search for New LHRH Antagonists (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Dynamic Time Slot Allocation Scheme for Hybrid CSMA/TDMA MAC Protocol (2013)

The hybrid carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA)/time-division multiple access (TDMA) medium access control (MAC) protocol combines the strengths of CSMA and TDMA protocols. In this letter, we propose a dynamic queue-length-based time slot allocation scheme for the hybrid CSMA/TDMA MAC protocol to improve channel utilization considering the uncertainty in queue length information. Due to the lack of a dedicated control channel from a device to the coordinator, the queue length in a device can be reported to the coordinator only in an intermittent manner. To overcome this difficulty, the proposed scheme calculates the probability mass function (pmf) of the distribution of the queue length and allocates slots during the TDMA period based on this pmf. The simulation results show that the proposed slot allocation scheme outperforms the time slot allocation scheme which does not take into account the distribution of the queue length.
PROX1 and β-catenin are prognostic markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2016)

In conclusion, high PROX1 and β-catenin expression were independent factors for better prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Three lessons for genetic toxicology from baseball analytics (2017)

In many respects the evolution of baseball statistics mirrors advances made in the field of genetic toxicology. From its inception, baseball and statistics have been inextricably linked. Generations of players and fans have used a number of relatively simple measurements to describe team and individual player's current performance, as well as for historical record-keeping purposes. Over the years, baseball analytics has progressed in several important ways. Early advances were based on deriving more meaningful metrics from simpler forerunners. Now, technological innovations are delivering much deeper insights. Videography, radar, and other advances that include automatic player recognition capabilities provide the means to measure more complex and useful factors. Fielders' reaction times, efficiency of the route taken to reach a batted ball, and pitch-framing effectiveness come to mind. With the current availability of complex measurements from multiple data streams, multifactorial analyses occurring via machine learning algorithms have become necessary to make sense of the terabytes of data that are now being captured in every Major League Baseball game. Collectively, these advances have transformed baseball statistics from being largely descriptive in nature to serving data-driven, predictive roles. Whereas genetic toxicology has charted a somewhat parallel course, a case can be made that greater utilization of baseball's mindset and strategies would serve our scientific field well. This paper describes three useful lessons for genetic toxicology, courtesy of the field of baseball analytics: seek objective knowledge; incorporate multiple data streams; and embrace machine learning. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:390-397, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visualization of Shear Band in Sand Using Synchrotron Micro-Tomography (2008)

When a soil mass is sheared, deformations usually localize into narrow zones called shear bands that have certain thicknesses and inclination angles. In granular materials, the shear band is visible and it involves many particles in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the shear band. Intensive shearing takes place within a shear band which will influence particles orientation/interaction and the associated pore space. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the shear band from three-dimensional (3D) images and reports accurate measurements of the shear band thickness. Synchrotron Micro-Tomography (SMT) was used to acquire high-resolution 3D images of a sand specimen sheared under plane strain condition. A prismatic specimen composed of F-75 Ottawa sand was compressed until failure under plane strain condition. It was then stabilized using a low viscosity epoxy. Few small cores were cut at regions of interest within the shear band and were scanned using SMT of Argonne National Laboratory. Shear band thickness and particle orientation within the shear band are presented and discussed.
Protective efficacy ofpspA(pneumococcal surface protein A)-based DNA vaccines: contribution of both humoral and cellular immune responses (2003)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major public health problem and new strategies for the development of cost-effective alternative vaccines are important. The use of protein antigens such as PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) is a promising approach to increase coverage at reduced costs. We have previously described the induction of a strong antibody response by a DNA vaccine expressing a C-terminal fragment of PspA. Fusion of this fragment with the cytoplasmic variant of SV40 large T-antigen (CT-Ag) caused reduction in specific interferon-gamma produced by stimulated spleen cells. In this work we show that the DNA vaccine expressing the C-terminal region of PspA elicits significant protection in mice against intraperitoneal challenge with a virulent strain of S. pneumoniae. Furthermore, fusion with CT-Ag completely abrogated the protection elicited by DNA immunization with this fragment. In this case, protection did not correlate with total anti-PspA antibody production nor with total IgG2a levels. The anti-PspA sera obtained from both constructs showed equivalent opsonic activity of pneumococci, indicating that the antibodies produced were functional. We could, though, observe a correlation between a lower IgG1:IgG2a ratio, which is indicative of a stronger bias towards Th1 responses, and protection. We also show that a vector expressing the most variable N-terminal alpha-helical region induces higher antibody formation, with increased protection of mice against intraperitoneal challenge with a more virulent strain of S. pneumoniae. As a whole, these results indicate that antibodies elicited against PspA would not be solely responsible for the protection induced by DNA vaccination and that cell-mediated immune responses could also be involved in protection against pneumococcal sepsis.
Discovery of Mouse Spleen Signaling Responses to Anthrax using Label-Free Quantitative Phosphoproteomics via Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Inhalational anthrax is caused by spores of the bacterium Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis), and is an extremely dangerous disease that can kill unvaccinated victims within 2 weeks. Modern antibiotic-based therapy can increase the survival rate to ∼50%, but only if administered presymptomatically (within 24-48 h of exposure). To discover host signaling responses to presymptomatic anthrax, label-free quantitative phosphoproteomics via liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to compare spleens from uninfected and spore-challenged mice over a 72 h time-course. Spleen proteins were denatured using urea, reduced using dithiothreitol, alkylated using iodoacetamide, and digested into peptides using trypsin, and the resulting phosphopeptides were enriched using titanium dioxide solid-phase extraction and analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography-Linear Trap Quadrupole-Orbitrap-MS(/MS). The fragment ion spectra were processed using DeconMSn and searched using both Mascot and SEQUEST resulting in 252,626 confident identifications of 6248 phosphopeptides (corresponding to 5782 phosphorylation sites). The precursor ion spectra were deisotoped using Decon2LS and aligned using MultiAlign resulting in the confident quantitation of 3265 of the identified phosphopeptides. ANOVAs were used to produce a q-value ranked list of host signaling responses. Late-stage (48-72 h postchallenge) Sterne strain (lethal) infections resulted in global alterations to the spleen phosphoproteome. In contrast, ΔSterne strain (asymptomatic; missing the anthrax toxin) infections resulted in 188 (5.8%) significantly altered (q<0.05) phosphopeptides. Twenty-six highly tentative phosphorylation responses to early-stage (24 h postchallenge) anthrax were discovered (q<0.5), and ten of these originated from eight proteins that have known roles in the host immune response. These tentative early-anthrax host response signaling events within mouse spleens may translate into presymptomatic diagnostic biomarkers of human anthrax detectable within circulating immune cells, and could aid in the identification of pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
New General Sulfinylating Process for Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiopure Sulfinates and Sulfoxides (2005)

[reaction: see text] A general process for the efficient synthesis of sulfinyl transfer agents has been developed using cinchona alkaloids quinine and quinidine as chiral auxiliaries. The importance of these new and unique sulfinyl transfer agents is exemplified by the expedient synthesis of several sulfoxides in excellent enantiopurities and high yields.
Amorphous Gallium Oxide as an Improved Host for Inorganic Light-Emitting Thin Film Semiconductor Fabricated at Room Temperature on Glass (2017)

We report new amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS)-based thin film phosphor, Eu-doped a-Ga2Ox (a-GO:Eu), to solve the issues of previously reported a-In-Ga-Zn-O: Eu (a-IGZO:Eu). The internal quantum efficiencies (IQE) of a-GO:Eu (2.3% for unannealed, 8.3% for annealed films) are improved from those of a-IGZO:Eu (0.9% and 1.6%, respectively) because of the much wider bandgap (4.26 eV), subsequent low residual electron density, and higher available annealing temperature. We found that the annealing temperature to improve IQE is limited by crystallization temperature. Another issue of a-IGZO:Eu is that the initial state of Eu3+ 4f is deeper than the valence band maximum (VBM), which is not suitable for light-emitting diode. We expected that Eu3+ 4f would locate above the VBM in a-GO:Eu because the VBM of a-Ga2Ox is similar to 0.8 eV deeper than that of a-IGZO. However, resonant photoemission spectroscopy revealed that the Eu 4f states are bound more to the O 2p valence band than to the vacuum level, and the Eu3+ 4f states in a-GO:Eu are still buried in the valence band. (C) 2017 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Implantable Pulse Generators (1986)

The effects of magnetic resonance imaging were assessed on four dual chamber and two single chamber pulse generators. The tests were performed with a resistive, water-cooled magnet operating at 0.15 T. The 6.4-MHz radiofrequency (RF) field was operated at a maximum power of 1,000 watts with a period adjusted from 130 to 500 ms. Reed switch closure occurred in all six pulse generators tested when placed near the entrance of the magnetic resonance imaging scanner, and the generators reverted to asynchronous operation unless programmed to the "magnet off" mode. None of the pulse generators exhibited any alterations in programmed parameters or in the ability to be reprogrammed after RF pulsing. When the RF field was turned on, there was no change in the asynchronous paced cycle length in four pulse generators; however, during RF scanning there was rapid cardiac stimulation at the RF pulse period in one single chamber and one dual chamber pulse generator.
TRPM7, a novel regulator of actomyosin contractility and cell adhesion (2006)

Actomyosin contractility regulates various cell biological processes including cytokinesis, adhesion and migration. While in lower eukaryotes, alpha-kinases control actomyosin relaxation, a similar role for mammalian alpha-kinases has yet to be established. Here, we examined whether TRPM7, a cation channel fused to an alpha-kinase, can affect actomyosin function. We demonstrate that activation of TRPM7 by bradykinin leads to a Ca(2+)- and kinase-dependent interaction with the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Moreover, TRPM7 phosphorylates the myosin IIA heavy chain. Accordingly, low overexpression of TRPM7 increases intracellular Ca2+ levels accompanied by cell spreading, adhesion and the formation of focal adhesions. Activation of TRPM7 induces the transformation of these focal adhesions into podosomes by a kinase-dependent mechanism, an effect that can be mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of myosin II. Collectively, our results demonstrate that regulation of cell adhesion by TRPM7 is the combined effect of kinase-dependent and -independent pathways on actomyosin contractility.
A Survey of the New River Aquatic Plant Community in Response to Recent Triploid Grass Carp Introductions into Claytor Lake, Virginia (2015)

Aquatic plant communities play critical roles in the form and function of stream ecosystems. In this study, we surveyed the aquatic-plant community along a 39-km reach of the New River, VA, in response to triploid Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass Carp) stockings to control Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla) in Claytor Lake. We utilized drift-net sampling methods and visual observations to document the current plant community in this reach. Nine of 12 aquatic plant species identified in our survey have been documented as preferred forage for Grass Carp. These findings may indicate that migrating Grass Carp could alter the plant community in this reach. We recommend continued monitoring of this system to characterize any future effects of Grass Carp herbivory.
Complete transition from open surgery to laparoscopy: 8‐year experience with more than 500 laparoscopic living donor hepatectomies (2022)

This study was designed to review laparoscopic living donor liver transplantations (LDLTs) at a single center that achieved complete transition from open surgery to laparoscopy. LDLTs performed from January 2013 to July 2021 were reviewed. Comparisons between open and laparoscopic surgeries were performed according to periods divided into initial, transition, and complete transition periods. A total of 775 LDLTs, 506 laparoscopic and 269 open cases, were performed. Complete transition was achieved in 2020. Bile duct variations were significantly abundant in the open group both in the initial period (30.2% vs. 8.1%; p < 0.001) and transition period (48.1% vs. 24.3%; p < 0.001). Portal vein variation was more abundant in the open group only in the initial period (13.0% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.03). Although the donor reoperation rate (0.0% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.02) and Grade III or higher complication rate (5.6% vs. 13.5%; p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the laparoscopy group in the initial period, there were no differences during the transition period as well as in overall cases. Median number of opioids required by the donor (three times [interquartile range, IQR, 1-6] vs. 1 time [IQR, 0-3]; p < 0.001) was lower, and the median hospital stay (10 days [IQR, 8-12] vs. 8 days [IQR, 7-9]; p < 0.001) was shorter in the laparoscopy group. Overall recipient bile leakage rate (23.8% vs. 12.8%; p < 0.001) and overall Grade III or higher complication rate (44.6% vs. 37.2%; p = 0.009) were significantly lower in the laparoscopy group. Complete transition to laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy was possible after accumulating a significant amount of experience. Because donor morbidity can be higher in the initial period, donor selection for favorable anatomy is required for both the donor and recipient.
Dynamic deadlock resolution protocols (Extended Abstract) (1986)

It is well recognized that variations in breast thickness and parenchymal composition can produce a range of exposure which exceeds the latitude of high contrast mammographic film/screen combinations. Optimal imaging of the dense breast is desired since 30%-60% of women present with dense breasts, and they are believed to be at the highest relative risk of developing breast cancer. The application of scanning equalization radiography to mammography has been investigated through the construction and characterization of a prototype mammographic scanning equalization radiography (MSER) system, designed to image mammographic phantoms. The MSER system exposes a Min-R/MRH cassette by raster scanning a 2.0 x 1.6 cm beam of pulsed x-rays across the cassette. A scanning detector behind the cassette measures the local x-ray transmission of the breast. Feedback of the transmission information is used to modulate the duration of each x-ray pulse, to equalize the film exposure. The effective dynamic range of the MSER system is 25 times greater than that of conventional mammography. Artifact-free images of mammographic phantoms show that MSER effectively overcomes the latitude limitations of film/screen mammography, enabling high contrast imaging over a wide range of object x-ray transmission. Anthropomorphic phantom images show that MSER offers up to a sixfold increase in film contrast in the normally underexposed regions of conventional mammograms. Characterization of the entrance exposure shows that there is not a significant difference in exposure between MSER and conventional mammographic techniques, suggesting that both would pose comparable risk to the patient. Calculations show that the construction of a clinical multiple beam MSER system is feasible with minor changes to existing technology.
Atomic absorption spectroscopic measurements of silicon atom concentrations in electron cyclotron resonance silicon oxide deposition plasmas (1999)

The silicon atom densities in both silane/oxygen and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)/oxygen electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas were measured as functions of microwave power, pressure, and gas flow rates. An atomic absorption spectrometer with a Si hollow-cathode lamp was constructed for these measurements. Silicon atom densities in silane/oxygen ECR discharges increase with rising plasma density, and a strong correlation was found between the Si atom gas-phase abundance and the silicon oxide film deposition rate. The measured Si concentrations [(1–7)×1010 cm−3] were high enough to account for a significant part of the film growth in the silane based chemistry. In TEOS/O2 discharges Si atom concentrations were lower by an order of magnitude, so Si is probably not a major contributor to the growth rate in that case. The internal temperature of Si atoms was found to vary from 380 to 720 K with increasing microwave power (200–650 W).
A convenient preparation of photoactive monolayers for liquid crystal photoalignment by the surface adsorption of an aminoalkylated azobenzene on poly(acrylic acid) films (1998)

Spin-cast poly(acrylic acid) (pAA) films on a substrate plate are immersed in a hexane solution of 4-butyl-4′-(10-aminodecyloxy)azobenzene, resulting in surface-selective adsorption and leading to the formation of photoactive monolayers. The surface adsorption behaviour is critically affected by the concentration of the azobenzene adsorbate solutions, and a 2.5×10–5 mol dm–3 solution gives an azobenzene monolayer with a surface density of 2 molecules nm–2 without any modification of the surface morphology of the pAA film. The surface density of the azobenzene is controlled by a binary system consisting of the azobenzene and n-octadecylamine. Photoirradiation of the surface-modified film with linearly polarised UV light for E-to-Z photoisomerisation results in the orientational transformation of the nematic liquid crystal layer from homeotropic to homogeneous alignment. It has been found that the minimum exposure energy of polarised UV light required for the liquid crystal alignment photocontrol is determined by the surface density of the azobenzene. There is a critical density; no photoresponse is observed for average densities of the azobenzene smaller than ca. 0.7 molecules nm–2 . With densities larger than this value, the smaller the density of the chromophore on pAA surface is, the faster the photoreorientation of the liquid crystal effectively takes place.
Choice of Expression Vector Alters the Localization of a Human Cellular Protein (2001)

The fusion of synthetic epitopes with proteins of interest is an important tool in the identification and characterization of recombinant proteins. Several mammalian expression vectors are commercially available containing unique identification tags or epitopes. These vectors offer a great advantage to researchers, as highly specific antibodies and purification resins against these specific epitopes are readily available. The tags facilitate immunologic assays and the purification of the recombinant proteins. The fusion of these epitopes with the recombinant proteins is not expected to alter the behavior of the protein of interest. In this report, we demonstrate that the mere expression of a cellular protein, hVIP/mov34, which we earlier identified as a cellular HIV-1 Vpr ligand, in two different vectors clearly altered its localization pattern in HeLa cells. Specifically, cloning of hVIP/mov34 in pcDNA3/HisA resulted in its nuclear localization, whereas the expression of this gene from a TOPO cloning expression vector, pcDNA3.1/V5/His, resulted in cytoplasmic expression. The native staining pattern of hVIP/mov34 using polyclonal antisera raised against hVIP/mov34 demonstrated cytoplasmic staining. During cloning, other leader sequences intended for targeting this protein into a cytoplasmic or a nuclear location were not fused to the actual ORF of this protein. Also, the amino acid sequence of the fusion region arising from cloning of hVIP/mov34 in both vectors does not match any reported NLS sequences. These results indicate that the choice of the expression vectors, as well as the position of synthetic epitopes, can significantly alter the behavior and the biology of recombinant proteins. This result suggests the need for a careful examination of these features when characterizing a newly identified protein.