gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Origin and Electrochemical Influence of Capacitive Surface States on Iron Oxide Photoanodes (2016)

The origin, the nature, and the electronic structure of surface defects causing surface states on metal oxides and their role in solar water splitting have been under scrutiny for several decades. In the present study, the surface of hematite films is treated with an oxygen plasma and then subject to a detailed investigation with electroanalytical methods and element orbital specific X-ray spectroscopy. We observe a systemic variation of photoelectrochemical properties with oxygen treatment time. Fe 2p and O 1s core level X-ray photoelectron spectra and resonant valence band photoemission at the Fe 3p edge reveal the filling of prevalent oxygen vacancies with concomitant oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ upon the oxygen treatment. The dc bias dependent impedance spectra confirm how a prevalent capacitive surface state, which evolves parallel with the photocurrent onset potential, becomes diminished upon oxygen treatment. Surface states of iron induce higher reactivity toward water oxidation than oxygen surface states. The correlation between oxygen vacancy filling, concentration of surface states, and photocurrent density in the course of treatment confirms that the surface defects are of a capacitive nature and that the onset of water splitting can be considered as a result of dielectric breakdown in an interfacial hydroxide layer between photoanode and water.
Using Application Data for SLA-aware Auto-scaling in Cloud Environments (2015)

With the establishment of cloud computing as the environment of choice for most modern applications, auto-scaling is an economic matter of great importance. For applications like stream computing that process ever changing amounts of data, modifying the number and configuration of resources to meet performance requirements becomes essential. Current solutions on auto-scaling are mostly rule-based using infrastructure level metrics such as CPU/memory/network utilization, and system level metrics such as throughput and response time. In this paper, we introduce a study on how effective auto-scaling can be using data generated by the application itself. To make this assessment, two algorithms are proposed that use a priori knowledge of the data stream and use sentiment analysis from soccer-related tweets, triggering auto-scaling operations according to rapid changes in the public sentiment about the soccer players that happens just before big bursts of messages. Our application-based auto-scaling was able to reduce the number of SLA violations by up to 95% and reduce resource requirements by up to 33%.
Multibody Dynamic Analysis of a 6-DOF Parallel Robot (2001)

Abstract This paper presents the dynamic analysis of a six-degree of freedom (dof) parallel robot based on multibody dynamics. The robot is also known as Stewart-Gough platform. The inverse and forward dynamic analysis is presented based on the Newton-Euler formulation with the imposition of the constraints through Lagrange multipliers and the application of the principle of virtual work. The singularity problem within the workspace is also focused and 3D surfaces where the robot reach singular configurations are shown. Finally, simulations for the inverse and forward dynamic of the robot have been carried out showing the computational cost.
Normoxic Stabilization of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α by Modulation of the Labile Iron Pool in Differentiating U937 Macrophages: Effect of Natural Resistance–Associated Macrophage Protein 1 (2006)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcription factor with major roles in many cellular and systemic responses to hypoxia. Activation of HIF pathways under hypoxia is mediated by suppression of the Fe(2+)- and O(2)-dependent HIF hydroxylase enzymes that normally inactivate HIFalpha subunits. Mechanisms underlying induction of HIF in normoxic conditions are less clearly understood. In human cancers, infiltrating macrophages show up-regulation of HIF and it has recently been shown that normoxic expression of HIF-1alpha is essential for macrophage function. Here, we report studies of HIF-1alpha induction following phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation of monocytic U937 and THP1 cells. HIF-1alpha was markedly up-regulated under normoxia in this setting and this involved failure of HIF-1alpha prolyl hydroxylation despite the presence of O(2). Fluorescence measurements showed that differentiation was associated with marked reduction of the labile iron pool. Both the reduction in labile iron pool and the up-regulation of HIF-1alpha were suppressed by RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of the iron transporter natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1. Up-regulation of HIF-1alpha following PMA-induced differentiation was also abolished by addition of Fe(2+) or ascorbate. These results indicate that physiologic changes in macrophage iron metabolism have an important effect on HIF hydroxylase pathways and suggest means by which the system could be manipulated for therapeutic benefit.
Supplementary Figures S1-S2 from Somatic Mutations in the Tyrosine Kinase Domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Abrogate EGFR-Mediated Radioprotection in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Figures S1-S2 from Somatic Mutations in the Tyrosine Kinase Domain of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Abrogate EGFR-Mediated Radioprotection in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Reply by Authors (2020)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Feb 2021Reply by Authorsis a reply to letterEditorial CommentEditorial Comment Laurence T. Hou and Arthur L. Burnett Laurence T. HouLaurence T. Hou Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland More articles by this author and Arthur L. BurnettArthur L. Burnett *Correspondence: Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Marburg 407, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 E-mail Address: [email protected] Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001365.03AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Reply by Authors." The Journal of Urology, 205(2), p. 553 Reference 1. : Are we overstating the risk of priapism with oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors?J Sex Med 2020; 17: 1579. Google Scholar © 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesJournal of Urology26 Nov 2020Editorial CommentJournal of Urology26 Nov 2020Editorial Comment Volume 205Issue 2February 2021Page: 553-553 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2020 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Laurence T. Hou Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland More articles by this author Arthur L. Burnett Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland *Correspondence: Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Marburg 407, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 E-mail Address: [email protected] More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Product Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
OLED with improved light outcoupling (2023)

An OLED may include regions of a material having a refractive index less than that of the substrate, or of the organic region, allowing for emitted light in a waveguide mode to be extracted into air. These regions can be placed adjacent to the emissive regions of an OLED in a direction parallel to the electrodes. The substrate may also be given a nonstandard shape to further improve the conversion of waveguide mode and/or glass mode light to air mode. The outcoupling efficiency of such a device may be up to two to three times the efficiency of a standard OLED. Methods for fabricating such a transparent or top-emitting OLED is also provided.
Energy Finite Element Analysis of the NASA Aluminum Testbed Cylinder (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An energy finite element analysis (EFEA) formulation is developed for predicting high frequency vibration response of cylindrical shells with periodically axial and circumferential stiffeners. In this method, the structure is modeled using EFEA method. The power transfer coefficients, employed in the joint matrices of the EFEA formulation at the location of the periodic stiffeners are computed based on Periodic Structure (PS) theory. Results from the new simulation method are compared to experimental data for the vibration response of a periodically circumferentially and axially stiffened cylinder (NASA aluminum testbed cylinder). The observed good correlation indicates that the new EFEA formulation captures properly the periodic characteristics for both the axial stringers and ring stiffeners.&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of the Substrate Crystals upon the Structure of Thermal Oxide Layers on Si (1998)

Comparisons of Bragg reflections from thermal oxide thin films on Si wafers were made for five sets of samples with various kinds of substrates. The intensities of the reflections for the samples with the substrate of better quality were stronger than those of poor one, indicating that the structures of the crystalline SiO2 in the oxide layer were related with the quality of the Si substrates. It is also shown that no diffraction peaks were observed from the oxide layers grown on Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition.
Phenotypic Susceptibility Assays for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2014)

Phenotypic susceptibility assays are used in the laboratory to measure the susceptibility of a virus to an antiviral agent. They are used for some viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), in clinical settings to help construct the drug regimen most active against an individual patient's virus. This chapter summarizes the technology behind commonly used antiviral drug susceptibility assays for HIV-1 and the interpretation of results generated by them. Currently there are two approved anti-HIV drugs that target virus entry: the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (ENF) and the CCR5 coreceptor antagonist maraviroc. The chapter describes phenotypic assays for determining HIV-1 coreceptor tropism. Assays that determine HIV-1 viral tropism in a patient are needed to allow the clinician to make an informed decision as to whether a CCR5 co-receptor antagonist is an appropriate drug choice for a given patient. Two standardized MT-2 assay approaches have been described. In the first, viral stocks from stimulated patient lymphocytes co-cultured with lymphocytes from an HIV-negative donor are generated. The second method utilizes direct cocultivation of patient lymphocytes with MT-2 cells, followed by microscopic examination. Currently approved, interferon/ribavirin-based treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is incompletely effective and is associated with significant toxicity and tolerability issues. Approaches to measure HCV drug susceptibility can be broadly classified into four categories: (i) intact virus assays, (ii) replicon-based recombinant virus assays (RVAs), (iii) cell-based (nonreplicon) assays, and (iv) enzymatic assays. Phenotypic assays are useful during preclinical development, clinical development, and potentially in clinical practice.
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Quorum Sensing Effect of Camellia sinensis Callus Lysate for Treatment of Acne (2023)

<i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> (<i>C. acnes</i>) is involved in the pathogenesis of acne by inducing inflammation and biofilm formation, along with other virulence factors. A <i>Camellia sinensis</i> (<i>C. sinensis</i>) callus lysate is proposed to reduce these effects. The aim of the present work is to study the anti-inflammatory properties of a callus extract from <i>C. sinensis</i> on <i>C. acnes</i>-stimulated human keratinocytes and the quorum-quenching activities. Keratinocytes were stimulated with thermo-inactivated pathogenic <i>C. acnes</i> and were treated with the herbal lysate (0.25% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect. <i>C. acnes</i> biofilm was developed in vitro and treated with 2.5 and 5% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> of the lysate to evaluate quorum sensing and the lipase activity. The results showed that the lysate was able to reduce the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), and decrease the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). The lysate did not show bactericidal activity but showed diminished biofilm formation, the lipase activity, and the production of autoinducer 2 (AI-2), a member of a family of signaling molecules used in quorum sensing. Therefore, the proposed callus lysate could have the potential to reduce acne-related symptoms without the eradication of <i>C. acnes,</i> which is part of the natural skin microbiome.
Particle reduction in back end of line plasma-etching process: CFM: Contamination free manufacturing (2018)

Particle contamination within a plasma-etching chamber causes tool down time in semiconductor manufacturing. The purpose of this work is to investigate the sources of contamination and find an effective solution for Back End of Line (BEOL) processes and improve tool up time. Despite typical maintenance, such as cycling chamber, wiping Electric Static Chuck (ESC) components and replacing chamber consumable parts, particle contamination issue persisted. Contamination analysis and ESC examination suggested etch byproduct redeposition during chuck discharge step as root cause. Modifying the discharge step was found to reduce the particle failure rate from 50% to 7%. This significant improvement confirms redeposition on ESC during discharge step and particle resuspension from ESC surface is the primary source for the particle contamination issue.
The effects of multipath scatter from wind driven gravity waves on lines of bearing serving as direction-finders (1991)

The locations of targets transmitting HF frequencies generate lines of bearing (LOBs) using a correlation interferometer direction finder. These LOBs are subject to error if multipath from sea scatter exists. The compensation theorem of G.D. Montheath (1951) is used to derive the change in mutual impedance between a transmitting monopole and a receiving loop when rough sea multipath is present.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Two-Step Haploidentical Versus a Two-Step Matched Related Allogeneic Myeloablative Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (2015)

Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (SCT) offers a transplantation option to patients who lack an HLA-matched donor. We developed a 2-step approach to myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with haploidentical or matched related (MR) donors. In this approach, the lymphoid and myeloid portions of the graft are administered in 2 separate steps to allow fixed T cell dosing. Cyclophosphamide is used for T cell tolerization. Given a uniform conditioning regimen, graft T cell dose, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis strategy, we compared immune reconstitution and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing 2-step haploidentical versus 2-step MR SCT. We retrospectively compared data on patients undergoing a 2-step haploidentical (n = 50) or MR (n = 27) peripheral blood SCT for high-risk hematological malignancies and aplastic anemia. Both groups received myeloablative total body irradiation conditioning. Immune reconstitution data included flow cytometric assessment of T cell subsets at day 28 and 90 after SCT. Both groups showed comparable early immune recovery in all assessed T cell subsets except for the median CD3/CD8 cell count, which was higher in the MR group at day 28 compared with that in the haploidentical group. The 3-year probability of overall survival was 70% in the haploidentical group and 71% in the MR group (P = .81), while the 3-year progression-free survival was 68% in the haploidentical group and 70% in the MR group (P = .97). The 3-year cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality was 10% in the haploidentical group and 4% in the MR group (P = .34). The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 21% in the haploidentical group and 27% in the MR group (P = .93). The 100-day cumulative incidence of overall grades II to IV acute GVHD was higher in the haploidentical group compared with that in the MR group (40% versus 8%, P < .001), whereas the grades III and IV acute GVHD was not statistically different between both groups (haploidentical, 6%; MR, 4%; P = .49). The cumulative incidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation was also higher in the haploidentical group compared to the MR group (haploidentical, 68%; MR, 19%; P < .001). There were no deaths from GVHD in either group. Using an identical conditioning regimen, graft T cell dose, and GVHD prophylaxis strategy, comparable early immune recovery and clinical outcomes were observed in the 2-step haploidentical and MR SCT recipients.
Development of an Ultrasonic Clutch (2003)

This paper describes a development of an ultrasonic clutch as a new passive element for a haptic device using passive force feedback. The ultrasonic clutch can solve conventional problems of passive elements such as time delay, instability, and large size by using unique characteristics of ultrasonic motor such as high response, silent motion, and nonmagnetic feature. It is also designed to be smaller than conventional ones by cogitating its structure. The clutch fixes or unfixes the rotor by use of ultrasonic levitation phenomenon. First, we designed the structure of the ultrasonic clutch using an equation of ultrasonic levitation phenomenon, and results of both structural analysis and frequency analysis of the stator. Then we manufactured the ultrasonic clutch and conducted a driving experiment. Finally, we successfully verified that the maximum value of the levitation force was around 20N and the static friction torque of the ultrasonic clutch was up to 0.14Nm.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Mediates Endothelin-1-Induced Insulin Resistance via the Inhibition of Both Gαq/11 and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Pathways in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2005)

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) regulate seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) by phosphorylating agonist-activated 7TMRs. Recently, we have reported that GRK2 can function as a negative regulator of insulin action by interfering with G protein-q/11 alpha-subunit (Galphaq/11) signaling, causing decreased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation. We have also reported that chronic endothelin-1 (ET-1) treatment leads to heterologous desensitization of insulin signaling with decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and Galphaq/11, and decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the current study, we have investigated the role of GRK2 in chronic ET-1-induced insulin resistance. Insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation was inhibited by pretreatment with ET-1 for 24 h, and we found that this inhibitory effect was rescued by microinjection of anti-GRK2 antibody or GRK2 short interfering RNA. We further found that GRK2 mediates the inhibitory effects of ET-1 by two distinct mechanisms. Firstly, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of either wild-type (WT)- or kinase-deficient (KD)-GRK2 inhibited Galphaq/11 signaling, including tyrosine phosphorylation of Galphaq/11 and cdc42-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. Secondly, ET-1 treatment caused Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-1 protein degradation. Overexpression of KD-GRK2, but not WT-GRK2, inhibited ET-1-induced serine 612 phosphorylation of IRS-1 and restored activation of this pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that GRK2 mediates ET-1-induced insulin resistance by 1) inhibition of Galphaq/11 activation, and this effect is independent of GRK2 kinase activity, and 2) GRK2 kinase activity-mediated IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and degradation.
Amylin evokes protein p20 phosphorylation and insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle extensor digitorum longus (2002)

In the present study, we investigate effect of amylin on the insulin sensitivity of rat skeletal muscle extensor digitorum longus (EDL) using in vitro intact muscle incubation in combination with metabolic radioactive labeling. The molecular basis of the amylin action was further examined using proteomic analysis. In particular, proteins of interest were characterized using an integrated microcharacterization procedure that involved in-gel trypsin digestion, organic solvent extraction, high performance liquid chromatography separation, microsequencing and microsequence analysis. We found that amylin significantly decreased the insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into glycogen (p < 0.01) and produced a protein spot of approximately 20 ku in size. This amylin responsive protein (hereby designated as amylin responsive protein 1, APR1) was identified to be protein p20. Moreover, ARP1 spots on gels were found to consistently produce a corresponding radioactive spot on X-ray films in (32)Pi but not in (35)S-methionine labeling experiments. In conclusion, our results showed that in vitro amylin concomitantly evoked the production of ARP1 and caused insulin resistance in EDL muscle. It is suggested that protein p20 may be involved in amylin signal transduction and the appearance of ARP1 may be a step in a molecular pathway leading to the development of insulin resistance. ARP1 might therefore be a useful molecular marker for amylin action, insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes.