gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short fiber reinforced thermoplastics. I. Rheological properties of glass fiber reinforced Noryl (1989)

Abstract An experimental study on the flow behavior of glass fiber reinforced Noryl (a commercial poly(phenyleneoxide)/polystyrene blend) using a capillary rheometer is described. The effect of fiber concentration on shear viscosity and die swell was studied at various temperatures. Breakage of glass fibers during flow through the rheometer is discussed; it was found that the average fiber length (about 230 μm) was not significiantly altered, except at the highest shear rate (575 s −1 ) studied. The incorporation of short fibers into thermoplastic polymer melts increases their viscosity without changing the basic rheological character‐shear rate dependency. No discernible viscosity changes were measured by incorporating 10 weight percent fibers, and upon further increase of fiber concentration from 20 to 30 weight percent no appreciable increase in viscosity was noted. It is shown that short glass fibers cause a large reduction in extrudate swell. The presence of voids and fiber orientation contribute to the decrease of the die swell, an effect greater than expected from volumetric considerations alone.
Nanoparticle-assisted optical tethering of endosomes reveals the cooperative function of dyneins in retrograde axonal transport (2015)

Dynein-dependent transport of organelles from the axon terminals to the cell bodies is essential to the survival and function of neurons. However, quantitative knowledge of dyneins on axonal organelles and their collective function during this long-distance transport is lacking because current technologies to do such measurements are not applicable to neurons. Here, we report a new method termed nanoparticle-assisted optical tethering of endosomes (NOTE) that made it possible to study the cooperative mechanics of dyneins on retrograde axonal endosomes in live neurons. In this method, the opposing force from an elastic tether causes the endosomes to gradually stall under load and detach with a recoil velocity proportional to the dynein forces. These recoil velocities reveal that the axonal endosomes, despite their small size, can recruit up to 7 dyneins that function as independent mechanical units stochastically sharing load, which is vital for robust retrograde axonal transport. This study shows that NOTE, which relies on controlled generation of reactive oxygen species, is a viable method to manipulate small cellular cargos that are beyond the reach of current technology.
Hydrogen and carbon monoxide generation using an REP with partial oxidation (2023)

A system for producing at least one of hydrogen or carbon monoxide includes at least one fuel cell, including an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte matrix. The at least one fuel cell further includes a power supply for applying a reverse voltage to the at least one fuel cell to operate the fuel cell in reverse as an electrolyzer. The anode is configured to receive a partially-reformed fuel and output a gas comprising hydrogen. The cathode is configured to output a gas comprising carbon dioxide and oxygen. The system further includes at least one oxidizer configured to receive the carbon dioxide and oxygen from the cathode and fuel from a fuel supply, the at least one oxidizer configured to output a partially-oxidized fuel comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.
Supplementary Information from Aurora A Kinase Inhibition Is Synthetic Lethal with Loss of the <i>RB1</i> Tumor Suppressor Gene (2023)

&lt;p&gt;LY3295668 chemical characterization&lt;/p&gt;
Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Nanoparticles as Potential Contrast Agents in MRI (2014)

We present the top-down synthesis of a novel type of MRI T2 contrast agent with great control over size and shape using a colloidal lithography technique. The resulting synthetic antiferromagnetic nanoparticles (SAF-NPs) yield improved relaxivities compared to superparamagnetic iron oxide alternatives (SPIONs). For T2 weighted imaging, the outer sphere relaxation theory has shown that the sensitivity of a T2 contrast agent is dependent on the particle size with an optimal size that exceeds the superparamagnetic limit of SPIONs. With the use of the interlayer exchange coupling effect, the SAF-NPs presented here do not suffer from this limit. Adjusting the outer sphere relaxation theory for spherical particles to SAF-NPs, we show both theoretically and experimentally that the SAF-NP size can be optimized to reach the r2 maximum. With measured r2 values up to 355 s–1 mM–1, our SAF-NPs show better performance than commercial alternatives and are competitive with the state-of-the-art. This performance is confirmed in an in vitro MRI study on SKOV3 cells.
A proposal of air-slot one-dimensional coupled resonator optical waveguides (2011)

We propose air-slot waveguides based on one-dimensional photonic crystal coupled resonator optical waveguides (1-D PC-CROWs). Numerical results show that air-slot 1-D PC-CROWs can be a good candidate for nonlinear optical devices.
Highly Exfoliated and Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Fast-Charging, High-Capacity Cathodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries (2019)

Compared with traditional metal-oxide lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes, nanocarbon-based cathode materials have received much attention for potential application in LIBs because of their superior power density and long-term cyclability. However, their lithium-ion storage capacity needs further improvement for practical applications, and the trade-off between capacity and conductivity, when oxygen functional groups as lithium-ion storage sites are introduced to the nanocarbon materials, needs to be addressed. Here, we report a sequential oxidation-reduction process for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for LIB cathodes with fast charging, long-term cyclability, and high gravimetric capacity. A LIB cathode based on highly exfoliated (<i>d</i><sub>bundle</sub> < 10 nm) and oxygen-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes is obtained via the modified Brodie's method using fuming nitric acid and a mild oxidant (B-SWCNTs). Post treatment including horn sonication and hydrogen thermal reduction developed surface defects and removed the unnecessary C-O groups, resulting in an increase in the Li-ion storage capacity. The B-SWCNTs exhibit a high reversible gravimetric capacity of 344 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.1 A g<sup>-1</sup> without noticeable capacity fading after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, it delivers a high gravimetric energy density of 797 W h kg<sub>electrode</sub><sup>-1</sup> at a low gravimetric power density of 300 W kg<sub>electrode</sub><sup>-1</sup> and retains its high gravimetric energy density of ∼100 W h kg<sub>electrode</sub><sup>-1</sup> at a high gravimetric power of 10<sup>5</sup> W kg<sub>electrode</sub><sup>-1</sup>. These results suggest that the highly exfoliated, oxygen-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes can be applied to LIBs designed for high-rate operations and long cycling.
The MOS inversion layer as a minority carrier injector (1996)

In this paper we report the first experimental demonstration of the concept of MOS inversion layer injection (ILI). The new physical concept is based on the use of a MOS inversion layer as a minority carrier injector as part of a dynamic junction. The carrier injection of such a junction is entirely controlled by the MOS gate. Moreover, when the gate potential is reduced under the MOS threshold voltage, the junction collapses ensuring a very efficient turn-off mechanism. Based on this concept we propose two novel lateral three-terminal structures termed inversion layer diode (ILD) and inversion layer bipolar transistor (ILBT). The concept of inversion layer injection can be applied in power devices where effective MOS gate control of the active junctions is important.
Protein kinase A (PKA) still activates CFTR chloride channel after mutagenesis of all 10 PKA consensus phosphorylation sites (1993)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) plays a central role in transepithelial ion transport by acting as a tightly regulated apical chloride channel. Regulation is achieved by the concerted action of ATP at conserved nucleotide binding folds and serine phosphorylation at multiple sites by protein kinases A (PKA) and C (PKC). A previous investigation concluded that activation by PKA is critically dependent on phosphorylation at four of the nine predicted PKA sites in the R domain (S660A, S737A, S795A, S813A), because a "Quad" mutant lacking these sites could not be activated. We show in the present work that not only can this mutant be phosphorylated and activated, but a mutant in which all 10 predicted PKA sites have been altered still retains significant PKA-activated function. Potentiation of the PKA response by PKC is also preserved in this mutant. Thus CFTR may be regulated by cryptic PKA sites which also mediate interactions between different kinases. Such hierarchical phosphorylation of CFTR by obvious and cryptic PKA sites could provide a metered response to secretagogues.
Molecular Control of the Catalytic Properties of Rhodium Nanoparticles in Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Systems (2020)

Rhodium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid phases (Rh@SILP) act as effective catalysts for the hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfuralacetone. The structure of ionic liquid-type (IL) molecular modifiers was systematically varied regarding spacer, side chain, and anion to assess the influence on the NP synthesis and their catalytic properties. Well-dispersed Rh NPs with diameters in the range of 0.6-2.0 nm were formed on all SILP materials, whereby the actual size was dependent significantly on the IL structure. The resulting variations in catalytic activity for hydrogenation of the C=O moiety in furfuralacetone allowed control of the product selectivity to obtain either the saturated alcohol or the ketone in high yield. Experiments conducted under batch and continuous flow conditions demonstrated that Rh NPs immobilized on SILPs with suitable IL structures are more active and much more stable than Rh@SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst synthesized on unmodified silica.
Mechanism of the sulfurisation of phosphines and phosphites using 3-amino-1,2,4-dithiazole-5-thione (xanthane hydride) (2007)

Contrary to a previous report, the sulfurisation of phosphorus(III) derivatives by 3-amino-1,2,4-dithiazole-5-thione (xanthane hydride) does not yield carbon disulfide and cyanamide as the additional reaction products. The reaction of xanthane hydride with triphenyl phosphine or trimethyl phosphite yields triphenyl phosphine sulfide or trimethyl thiophosphate, respectively, and thiocarbamoyl isothiocyanate which has been trapped with nucleophiles. The reaction pathway involves initial nucleophilic attack of the phosphorus at sulfur next to the thiocarbonyl group of xanthane hydride followed by decomposition of the phosphonium intermediate formed to products. The Hammett rho-values for the sulfurisation of substituted triphenyl phosphines and triphenyl phosphites in acetonitrile are approximately -1.0. The entropies of activation are very negative (-114+/-15 J mol-1 K-1) with little dependence on solvent which is consistent with a bimolecular association step leading to the transition state. The negative values of DeltaS(not equal) and rho values indicate that the rate limiting step of the sulfurisation reaction is formation of the phosphonium ion intermediate which has an early transition state with little covalent bond formation. The site of nucleophilic attack has been also confirmed using computational calculations.
Carbon Fiber Supported Pt-Co Electrocatalyst for Coal Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production (2019)

Carbon fibers (CFs) supported platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) electrocatalysts are prepared with H2 heat-treatment and used for hydrogen production by coal electrooxidation. Pt-Co alloy was formed and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the electrocatalystic activity and long-time stability of Pt-Co/CFs for coal electrolysis are enhanced with the introduction of cobalt. The PtCo/CFs (1:1) catalyst exhibits better catalytic activity than PtCo/CFs (7:3) and PtCo/CFs (3:7). The strong catalytic activities of the catalysts are attributed to synergistic effect between metallic alloying and modification of surface electrons of the bimetallic Pt-Co electrocatalysts.
The level of synovial human VEGFA, IL-8 and MIP-1α correlate with truncation of lubricin glycans in osteoarthritis (2021)

Abstract Osteoarthrithis (OA) is an endemic disease due to the increase of the world’s elderly population. Previously thought to be a consequence of an imbalance between cartilage degradation and biosynthesis, it is now recognized as a disease also involving inflammation, hence influencing the level of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and chemokines. Lubricin is a mucin type molecule where its OA induced glycosylation truncation propels a deteriorating lubrication of the articular cartilage. The objective of this study was to explore the OA driven truncation of O -linked glycosylation of synovial lubricin and its cross talk with systemic and local (synovial fluid, SF) inflammation. We compared the systemic level of cytokines/chemokine in OA patients’ and controls’ plasma with their local level in SF using a 44 plex screen. The level of 27 cytokines and chemokines was consistently measured in both plasma and SF. The data showed that the levels of cytokines and chemokines in OA plasma display limited correlation to their counterpart in SF. The level of synovial IL-8 and MIP-1α and VEGFA in OA patients, but not their plasma level, where the only cytokines that displayed a significant correlation to the observed lubricin O -linked glycosylation truncation. These cytokines were also shown to be upregulated exposing fibroblast like synoviocytes from healthy and OA patients to recombinant lubricin with truncated glycans mainly consisting of Tn-antigens, while lubricin with sialylated and non-sialylated T anigens did not have any effect. The data suggest that truncated glycans of lubricin, as found in OA, promotes the synovial cytokine production and exerebate the local synovial inflammation.
Development of a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer for imaging the surface velocity of a submerged vibrating object of arbitrary geometry (1995)

An underwater scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (USLDV) was developed as part of a system for imaging the vibrations of submerged surfaces of arbitrary geometry. USLDV allows for measurement of in-plane and out-of-plane velocity components with scan resolution limited typically by the resolution of the positioning system (&amp;lt; 1 mm). The Georgia Tech system features a compact underwater probe mounted on an acoustically transparent mounting truss whose position and orientation is computer controlled. The system was designed with special consideration of the measurement of compliant surfaces underwater. Characteristically low impedance and locally reacting, compliant surfaces are sensitive to field perturbations, such as those which may be generated by the measurement apparatus. Small scattered fields can generate sizable local surface motion, leading to measurement error. The design of the underwater system components was performed in consideration of the perturbation sensitivity of compliant surfaces as well as such issues as sound-induced modulation of the index of refraction, and vibration of the probe head due to incident sound and/or the motion of the positioning truss. [Work supported by ONR.]
Improvement of the catalytic performance of CuMnOx catalysts for CO oxidation by the addition of Au (2004)

Highly active Au-containing hopcalite catalysts for ambient temperature CO oxidation have been prepared by a co-precipitation procedure. The addition of Au to the CuO–MnO system resulted in a marked improvement in the catalytic performance, by increasing the rate of CO oxidation and decreasing the extent of catalyst deactivation. The most active catalysts were CuMnOx with 3 wt % Au and these were prepared using a calcination temperature of 300 °C.
Post-Ebola Syndrome Presents With Multiple Overlapping Symptom Clusters: Evidence From an Ongoing Cohort Study in Eastern Sierra Leone (2021)

This study presents an in-depth characterization of post-Ebola syndrome in Sierra Leonean survivors >2.5 years after disease. The interrelationship between symptom clusters indicates that post-Ebola syndrome is a heterogeneous disease. The distinct musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal phenotypes identified likely require targeted therapies to optimize long-term treatment for EVD survivors.
Hybrid Pattern Recognition for Rapid Explosive Sensing With Comprehensive Analysis (2020)

This paper presents a hybrid pattern recognition with temperature compensation (HPR-TC) used within an E-Nose system. HPR-TC with E-nose has the novelty, amongst MEMS sensor platforms, of having two modes of operation i.e., rapid mode of detection to be used in time-critical conditions and comprehensive analysis mode for improved detection accuracy. Two modes of operations in HPR-TC are possible because of the implementation of hybrid PR featuring a combination of two different data analysis techniques for explosive sensing. The first part of the hybrid PR is the binary PR based on threshold-based detection and the second one is the analog PR based on PCA and K-mean. The E-Nose system with proposed HPR-TC is validated with two different highly sensitive MEMS sensor types, i.e., SU8 and Si3Nx piezo-resistive cantilever. These MEMS sensors are coated with surface receptors, 4-MBA, 6-MNA and 4-ATP, to improve the selectivity. The E-Nose system can detect explosive compounds such as TNT, RDX, and PETN, in a controlled environment at a concentration as low as 16ppb of TNT, 56ppb of RDX and 134ppb of PETN. Furthermore, measurements show that E-Nose with temperature compensated binary PR can detect the explosives with a detection accuracy higher than 74% as true positives and higher than 79% as true negatives in a short time, within initial 17 seconds of the experiment. However, the temperature compensated analog PR gives a detailed classification of explosives with a higher detection accuracy of 80% as true positives and 86% as true negatives after approximately 95 seconds.
α-Adrenergic vascular responsiveness to sympathetic nerve activity is intact after head-down bed rest in humans (2004)

Space-flight and its ground-based simulation model, 6 degrees head-down bed rest (HDBR), cause cardiovascular deconditioning in humans. Because sympathetic vasoconstriction plays a very important role in circulation, we examined whether HDBR impairs alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness to sympathetic nerve activity. We subjected eight healthy volunteers to 14 days of HDBR and before and after HDBR measured calf muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) and calf blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) during sympathoexcitatory stimulation (rhythmic handgrip exercise). HDBR did not change the increase in total MSNA (P = 0.97) or the decrease in calf vascular conductance (P = 0.32) during exercise, but it did augment the increase in calf vascular resistance (P = 0.0011). HDBR augmented the transduction gain from total MSNA into calf vascular resistance, assessed as the least squares linear regression slope of vascular resistance on total MSNA (0.05 +/- 0.02 before HDBR, 0.20 +/- 0.06 U.min-1.burst-1 after HDBR, P = 0.0075), but did not change the transduction gain into calf vascular conductance (P = 0.41). Our data indicate that alpha-adrenergic vascular responsiveness to sympathetic nerve activity is preserved in the supine position after HDBR in humans.
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Co-Morbidity Index (HCT-CI): Ability to Predict Outcomes in Haploidentical (HI) Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) (2014)

We developed a 2 step approach to HI HSCT in which a fixed dose of allogeneic T cells are infused after reduced intensity (RIC) or myeloablative conditioning (HSCT step 1). After 2-3 days, cyclophosphamide (CY) 60 mg/kg/d x 2 is given to establish bidirectional tolerance. One day after the CY, a CD 34 selected stem cell product is infused (HSCT step 2). This approach has been associated with a low incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM) resulting in a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) undergoing HI HSCT at our institution.
High Temperature Terahertz Detectors Realized by a GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (2017)

In this work, a high temperature THz detector based on a GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with nano antenna structures was fabricated and demonstrated to be able to work up to 200<sup> </sup>°C. The THz responsivity and noise equivalent power (NEP) of the device were characterized at 0.14 THz radiation over a wide temperature range from room temperature to 200 °C. A high responsivity R<sub>v</sub> of 15.5 and 2.7 kV/W and a low NEP of 0.58 and 10 pW/Hz<sup>0.5</sup> were obtained at room temperature and 200 °C, respectively. The advantages of the GaN HEMT over other types of field effect transistors for high temperature terahertz detection are discussed. The physical mechanisms responsible for the temperature dependence of the responsivity and NEP of the GaN HEMT are also analyzed thoroughly.
CONFORMATION-SPECIFIC INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF $\gamma^{2}$-PEPTIDE FOLDAMERS: Ac-$\gamma^{2}$-hPhe-$\gamma^{2}$-hAla-NHMe AND Ac-$\gamma^{2}$-hAla-$\gamma^{2}$-hPhe-NHMe (2010)

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Glycosylation-independent Lysosomal Targeting of Acid α-Glucosidase Enhances Muscle Glycogen Clearance in Pompe Mice (2012)

We have used a peptide-based targeting system to improve lysosomal delivery of acid α-glucosidase (GAA), the enzyme deficient in patients with Pompe disease. Human GAA was fused to the glycosylation-independent lysosomal targeting (GILT) tag, which contains a portion of insulin-like growth factor II, to create an active, chimeric enzyme with high affinity for the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. GILT-tagged GAA was taken up by L6 myoblasts about 25-fold more efficiently than was recombinant human GAA (rhGAA). Once delivered to the lysosome, the mature form of GILT-tagged GAA was indistinguishable from rhGAA and persisted with a half-life indistinguishable from rhGAA. GILT-tagged GAA was significantly more effective than rhGAA in clearing glycogen from numerous skeletal muscle tissues in the Pompe mouse model. The GILT-tagged GAA enzyme may provide an improved enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease patients.