gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Docker Container Scheduler for I/O Intensive Applications Running on NVMe SSDs (2018)

By using fast back-end storage, performance benefits of a lightweight container platform can be leveraged with quick I/O response. Nevertheless, the performance of simultaneously executing multiple instances of same or different applications may vary significantly with the number of containers. The performance may also vary with the nature of applications because different applications can exhibit different nature on SSDs in terms of I/O types (read/write), I/O access pattern (random/sequential), I/O size, etc. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate and analyze the performance characterization of both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures of I/O intensive containerized applications, operating with high performance NVMe SSDs and derive novel design guidelines for achieving an optimal and fair operation of the both homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. By leveraging these design guidelines, we further develop a new docker controller for scheduling workload containers of different types of applications. Our controller decides the optimal batches of simultaneously operating containers in order to minimize total execution time and maximize resource utilization. Meanwhile, our controller also strives to balance the throughput among all simultaneously running applications. We develop this new docker controller by solving an optimization problem using five different optimization solvers. We conduct our experiments in a platform of multiple docker containers operating on an array of three enterprise NVMe drives. We further evaluate our controller using different applications of diverse I/O behaviors and compare it with simultaneous operation of containers without the controller. Our evaluation results show that our new docker workload controller helps speed-up the overall execution of multiple applications on SSDs.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Osteogenetic Protein (OP-1) and Its Receptors in Rabbit Articular Cartilage (2002)

We assessed the distribution and relative immunohistochemical staining intensity of the bone morphogenetic protein-7, osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), in its pro- and mature forms, and four of its receptors, type I (ALK-2, ALK-3, and ALK-6) and type II in normal adolescent New Zealand White rabbit articular cartilage. Expression of the protein and its receptors was also examined in cartilage from joints that had been previously subjected to cartilage matrix degradation. Pro-OP-1 was moderately expressed in chondrocytes of the superficial, middle, and deep cartilage zones and in the osteocytes. The expression of mature OP-1 was similar, with the exception of less staining in the superficial zone of cartilage. Expression of these two forms of OP-1 was enhanced in the middle and deep cartilage zones after catabolic challenge. The type I receptor, ALK-6, displayed the strongest staining of the receptors in both cartilage and bone, whereas ALK-2 displayed the weakest staining. No differences were observed in the receptor staining levels after catabolic challenge. This study shows that OP-1 and its receptors have been identified in rabbit articular cartilage and bone, suggesting a possible role for this pathway in cartilage and bone homeostasis.
Wet process-preparation of Re-doped WO3 for wide range of NO2 detection (2010)

In order to reduce the electric resistance of the WO3 sensing film fabricated from the ion-exchange method, lamellar-structured and Re-doped WO3 was prepared through the acidification method. The mixed solution of Na2WO4 and Re2O7 was dropped into the mixed solution of H2SO4 and HCHO. Then the obtained gel was deposited on alumina substrate with Au electrode for thick film devices and calcined at 300°C. The size of the Re-doped WO3 particles was smaller in one order in magnitude than that of the WO3 by the ion-exchange method. The electric resistance of Re-doped WO3 device in air showed minimum value at the 4 at% Re doping due to the increase in the donor density in the WO3 crystal. As a result, the Re-doped WO3 device exhibited low electric resistance less than 108 Ω even in the 800 ppb NO2. Such a low electric resistance device is suitable for the detection of the wide range of NO2.
Domain adaptation and compensation for emotion detection (2010)

Inspired by the recent improvements in domain adaptation and session variability compensation techniques used for speech and speaker processing, we study their effect for emotion prediction. More specifically, we investigated the use of publicly available out-of-domain data with emotion annotations for improving the performance of the in-domain model trained using 911 emergency-hotline calls. Following the emotion detection literature, we use prosodic (pitch, energy, and speaking rate) features as the inputs to a discriminative classifier. We performed segment-level n-fold cross validation emotion prediction experiments. Our results indicate significant improvement of performance for emotion prediction exploiting out-ofdomain data.
Applied Constant Gain Amplification in Circulating Loop Experiments (2009)

The reconfiguration of channel or wavelength routes in optically transparent mesh networks can lead to deviations in channel power that may impact transmission performance. A new experimental approach, applied constant gain, is used to maintain constant gain in a circulating loop enabling the study of gain error effects on long-haul transmission under reconfigured channel loading. Using this technique we examine a number of channel configurations and system tuning operations for both full-span dispersion-compensated and optimized dispersion-managed systems. For each system design, large power divergence was observed with a maximum of 15 dB at 2240 km, when switching was implemented without additional system tuning. For a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , the maximum number of loop circulations was reduced by up to 33%.
Synthesis and Characterization of Aromatic Polyester and Polysiloxane Containing Block Copolymers: Multiphase Transparent Atomic Oxygen Resistant Damping Materials, Liquid Crystal Films, and Toughening Components of Sol/Gel Glasses (1990)

Abstract : AFOSR sponsored research on multifunctional polymers which has been conducted in our laboratories over the past three years covers three main areas. Each of the three areas is summarized below and described more completely in some depth in the three sections of this report. The first area includes the synthesis of siloxane modified silicate ceramics produced by sol-gel chemistry followed by ultrastructure processing. Using techniques such as acid free hydrolysis condensation reaction systems, it has been possible to incorporate at least 30% of siloxane oligomers via cohydrolysis of suitably terminated materials in the presence of TMOS. In different but somewhat related work based upon polyimides, extensive studies have been conducted with linear thermoplastic polyimide siloxane copolymers. The polyimide siloxane copolymers prepared to date have been based largely upon aliphatic terminated polydimethyl-siloxanes which have adequate thermal stability for most purposes. The third area of investigation on multifunctional polymers was the synthesis and characterization of isotropic polyarylene sulfone, anisotropic aromatic polyester liquid crystal copolymers. We have demonstrated that with as little as 10 or 15 weight % of the liquid crystal segment, organic solvents which would easily dissolve or stress crack the amorphous engineering homopolymers like polysulfones, are no longer able to do so. Multifunctional polymers; Sol-gel; Polysiloxane modified silicates; Polyimide-siloxane copolymers; Isotropic-anisotropic copolymers; Electronic materials; Ceramic materials.
Graphene field-effect transistors with self-aligned spin-on-doping of source/drain access regions (2012)

The exceptional electronic properties of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) make them a promising replacement for conventional Si CMOS transistors for high frequency analog applications. Radio frequency GFETs with intrinsic cut-off frequencies as high as 300GHz have been reported [1], with theoretically predicted THz frequencies only being limited by fabrication challenges. A major factor responsible for degradation of GFET performance is high series resistance of the access regions between the source/drain contacts and the top-gated graphene channel, which reduces maximum possible drive currents. A back-gate bias can be used to modulate this resistance, but this approach does not provide for independent control of multiple GFETs on the same substrate and for GFETs on insulating substrates. GFETs with self-aligned gates overcome this problem by reducing the access region resistance, but their fabrication is not straightforward [1, 2]. Here, we propose a simple scheme of improving GFET performance by reducing the source/drain access resistance using self-aligned charge-transfer doping. A novel and controllable way of “spin-on-doping” of the access regions with chemical dopants is demonstrated.
Passive and Active Hybrid Integrated EMI Filters (2009)

Two new planar integrated electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter structures that reduce the filter volume and that are based on standard printed circuit board (PCB) process technology are presented in this paper. First, a passive integrated EMI filter is presented, which results in a volume reduction of 24% compared to the discrete solution. However, this filter requires a planar ferrite core for the common-mode inductor. In order to eliminate the ferrite core and reduce the filter volume further (-40% versus discrete filter), a passive integrated structure is combined with an active EMI filtering circuit. The transfer function, the volume, and the losses of the discrete and the two integrated filters, which are designed for a 600 W power-factor-corrected converter, are compared.
Inverse isotope effects and models for high-Tcsuperconductivity (1993)

A model for high-temperature superconductivity with a mass-independent electronic mechanism in conjunction with a moderate amount of electron-phonon coupling has previously been shown to be inconsistent with experimental constraints on ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, the isotope effect exponent, and the electron-phonon coupling. The present work allows for an electronic mechanism with an inverse isotope effect. In this case, the model is consistent with the experimental constraints.
Magnetotransport properties in perpendicularly magnetized tunnel junctions using an ultrathin Fe electrode (2014)

The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect was investigated in perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) consisting of a stacked layer structure of ultrathin Fe (0.7)/MgO (1.8)/CoFeB (1.2–1.4) (in nm). A relatively large TMR ratio of 95% was obtained with an interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy density of 1.5 mJ m−2 at the Fe/MgO interface. Moreover, we found that the p-MTJ exhibits spin-dependent resonant tunnelling characteristics in the bias voltage dependence of differential conductance, corresponding to a quantum well confined in five monolayers of the Fe(0 0 1) atomic plane. The results showed that the resonant tunnelling of Δ1 symmetry electrons through the spin-dependent quantum well can be realized even in a p-MTJ structure with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
(Invited) Gate Stacks for Silicon, Silicon Germanium, and III-V Channel MOSFETs (2014)

High-k gate dielectrics such as HfO 2 and metal gates such as TiN have been deployed across a wide range of silicon-based CMOS logic products. In some gate-first technologies, SiGe channels (cSiGe) have been implemented simultaneously for threshold voltage control in p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (pMOSFET). Herein, we review aspects related to the impact of high-k/channel interfacial layers on Si, SiGe, and III-V gate stack quality and device performance. First, we review remote oxygen scavenging approaches for interfacial SiO 2 thinning in HfO 2 /Si nFET and HfO 2 /cSiGe pFET devices. We show that they allow equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) to be reduced to 0.4-0.5 nm, and we discuss device performance and reliability tradeoffs that may limit continued EOT scaling. For later technology nodes, high-carrier-mobility III-V semiconductors channels such as InGaAs are under consideration. We summarize three high-k/InGaAs channel interface approaches: Direct high-k deposition, Si capping, and InP capping.
On the stability of temporal data reference profiles (2002)

Growing computer system complexity has made program optimization based solely on static analyses increasingly difficult. Consequently; many code optimizations incorporate information from program execution profiles. Most memory system optimizations go further and rely primarily on profiles. This reliance on profiles makes off-line optimization effectiveness dependent on profile stability across multiple program runs. While code profiles such as basic block, edge, and branch profiles, have been shown to satisfy this requirement, the stability of data reference profiles, especially temporal data reference profiles that are necessary for cache level optimizations, has neither been studied nor established. This paper shows that temporal data reference profiles expressed in terms of hot data streams, which are data reference sequences that frequently repeat, are quite stable; an encouraging result for memory optimization research. Most hot data streams belong to one of two categories: those that appear in multiple runs with their data elements referenced in the same order, and those with the same set of elements referenced in a different order, and this category membership is extremely stable. In addition, the fraction of hot data streams that belong to the first category is quite large.
Impact of Evaporative cooling technology and Post-harvest treatments on shelf life and quality of tomato of two different harvesting stages (Solanum lycopersicum var. Pearson) (2021)

The Zero Energy Cool Chamber (ZECC) is the needed evaporative cooling system introduced as one of the economical small scale on-farm storage in Afghanistan for enhancing the shelf life of tomato and other fresh crops. Tomato is one of the highest value crops, and due to excellent flavor, higher juice, and pulp content of tomato fruits of “Pearson” variety makes it further valuable. Hence, this study aims to understand the effect of ZECC and postharvest treatments on shelf life and quality of tomato’s fruits harvested at turning and light red colors’ stages. Fruits were treated with different concentrations of CaCl2 and mint leaf extract solutions and kept in both ZECC and ambient storages. The shelf life of tomato fruits extended up to 29 days under T4 (turning color fruits + 6% CaCl2 + ZECC). Under the same treatment, the highest firmness as 840.0 grcm-2&nbsp;&nbsp; and the lowest PLW, Decay Losses and TSS were recorded as 1.80%, 0.0% and 4.400 brix, respectively; on the 20th day of the storage. The lowest shelf life under T11 (Light red color fruits + distilled water dip + Ambient condition) was about 8 days. As a result, the ZECC as an evaporative cooling system significantly enhanced the shelf life and maintained the quality of tomato fruits harvested at the turning color stage treated with 6% CaCl2.
Diameter and Density Control of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Forests by Modulating Ostwald Ripening through Decoupling the Catalyst Formation and Growth Processes (2013)

A continuous and wide range control of the diameter (1.9-3.2 nm) and density (0.03-0.11 g cm(-3) ) of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) forests is demonstrated by decoupling the catalyst formation and SWNT growth processes. Specifically, by managing the catalyst formation temperature and H2 exposure, the redistribution of the Fe catalyst thin film into nanoparticles is controlled while a fixed growth condition preserved the growth yield. The diameter and density are inversely correlated, where low/high density forests would consist of large/small diameter SWNTs, which is proposed as a general rule for the structural control of SWNT forests. The catalyst formation process is modeled by considering the competing processes, Ostwald ripening, and subsurface diffusion, where the dominant mechanism is found to be Ostwald ripening. Specifically, H2 exposure increases catalyst surface energy and decreases diameter, while increased temperature leads to increased diffusion on the surface and an increase in diameter.
Phosphoprotein Pathway Mapping: Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activation Is Negatively Associated with Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Survival (2007)

Mapping of protein signaling networks within tumors can identify new targets for therapy and provide a means to stratify patients for individualized therapy. Despite advances in combination chemotherapy, the overall survival for childhood rhabdomyosarcoma remains approximately 60%. A critical goal is to identify functionally important protein signaling defects associated with treatment failure for the 40% nonresponder cohort. Here, we show, by phosphoproteomic network analysis of microdissected tumor cells, that interlinked components of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway exhibited increased levels of phosphorylation for tumors of patients with short-term survival. Specimens (n = 59) were obtained from the Children's Oncology Group Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) IV, D9502 and D9803, with 12-year follow-up. High phosphorylation levels were associated with poor overall and poor disease-free survival: Akt Ser(473) (overall survival P < 0.001, recurrence-free survival P < 0.0009), 4EBP1 Thr(37/46) (overall survival P < 0.0110, recurrence-free survival P < 0.0106), eIF4G Ser(1108) (overall survival P < 0.0017, recurrence-free survival P < 0.0072), and p70S6 Thr(389) (overall survival P < 0.0085, recurrence-free survival P < 0.0296). Moreover, the findings support an altered interrelationship between the insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) and Akt/mTOR pathway proteins (P < 0.0027) for tumors from patients with poor survival. The functional significance of this pathway was tested using CCI-779 in a mouse xenograft model. CCI-779 suppressed phosphorylation of mTOR downstream proteins and greatly reduced the growth of two different rhabdomyosarcoma (RD embryonal P = 0.00008; Rh30 alveolar P = 0.0002) cell lines compared with controls. These results suggest that phosphoprotein mapping of the Akt/mTOR pathway should be studied further as a means to select patients to receive mTOR/IRS pathway inhibitors before administration of chemotherapy.
A 1.2mW/channel 100µm-Pitch-Matched Transceiver ASIC with Boxcar-Integration-Based RX Micro-Beamformer for High-Resolution 3D Ultrasound Imaging (2022)

The integration of 2D ultrasonic transducer arrays and pitch-matched ASICs has enabled the realization of various 3D ultrasound imaging devices in recent years [1]–[3]. As applications such as 3D intravascular ultrasonography, intra-cardiac echocardiography, and trans-fontanelle ultrasonography call for miniaturization and improved spatial resolution, higher-frequency transducers (>5MHz) with a correspondingly smaller array pitch (<150µm) are needed. Such devices generally employ a large number of transducer elements, calling for channel-count reduction in the ASIC while meeting stringent restrictions on per-element power consumption and die area. Micro-beamforming (µBF) is an effective way of reducing channel count by performing a delay-and-sum operation on the echo signals received within a sub-array [1]. However, prior µBF implementations employ per-element capacitive memory to realize the delay [1], [2], making it increasingly difficult to apply µBF in smaller-pitch arrays.
Creating custom-designed patterns of nanoscale graphene quantum dots (2022)

Abstract Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted extensive attention over the years because of their importance both in fundamental science and potential applications. However, fabricating patterns of the GQDs is still of great challenge in experiment. Here, we demonstrate a technique to create patterned nanometer-sized GQDs with nanoscale precision in their sites. By applying a voltage pulse from a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tip, we successfully create stationary nanoscale circular p–n junctions, i.e. GQDs, in a continuous graphene sheet on hydrogen terminated germanium (110) surface. With accurately tuning the coordinates of the STM tip, the designed patterns of the GQDs are successfully generated. Spatial-resolved measurements indicate that the patterns of the GQDs strongly affect the local electronic properties and two-dimensional distributions of local density of states in graphene.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkylamino‐3‐fluoropyridines Using Buchwald Conditions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of whole-brain 3D snapshot CEST MRI at 3T (2019)

In its application Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) suffers from the drawback of long acquisition times. To approach this issue we demonstrate the feasibility of a 3D gradient echo based CEST sequence for 3T that provides whole brain (WB) coverage without additional measurement time. In addition, the suggested post processing helps to improve the determination of the CEST effects from the WB data. CEST contrasts derived from the presented method are of equal quality as those of commonly used methods.
On variable bit rate video coding and multiplexing (2005)

A VBR (variable bit rate) video coding and multiplexing algorithm for DSM (digital storage media) application is described in the MPEG compliant manner. The BFOS (Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone) algorithm is used for optimal bit allocation and VBR encoding under this bit allocation is introduced. Our VBR encoding provides more consistent picture quality in the MSE sense and better worst-case subjective-quality.
In situ measurement of the ion incidence angle dependence of the ion-enhanced etching yield in plasma reactors (2006)

The authors propose and demonstrate a technique to determine the ion incidence angle dependence of the ion-enhanced etching yield under realistic plasma conditions and in situ in an arbitrary plasma reactor. The technique is based on measuring the etch rate as a function of position along the walls of features that initially have nearly semicircular cross sections. These initial feature shapes can be easily obtained by wet or isotropic plasma etching of holes patterned through a mask. The etch rate as a function of distance along the feature profile provides the etching yield as a function of the ion incidence angle. The etch rates are measured by comparing digitized scanning electron micrograph cross sections of the features before and after plasma etching in gas mixtures of interest. The authors have applied this technique to measure the ion incidence angle dependence of the Si etching yield in HBr, Cl2, SF6, and NF3 plasmas and binary mixtures of SF6 and NF3 with O2. Advantages and limitations of this method are also discussed.
Plasma miRNA Levels for Predicting Therapeutic Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment in HER2-positive Breast Cancer: Results from the NeoALTTO Trial (2019)

ct-miRNAs discriminate patients with and without pCR after neoadjuvant lapatinib- and/or trastuzumab-based therapy. ct-miRNAs at week two could be valuable to identify patients responsive to trastuzumab, to avoid unnecessary combination with other anti-HER2 agents, and finally to assist deescalating treatment strategies.