gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An extreme value statistics model of heterogeneous ice nucleation for quantifying the stability of supercooled aqueous systems (2023)

The propensity of water to remain in a metastable liquid state at temperatures below its equilibrium melting point holds significant potential for cryopreserving biological material such as tissues and organs. The benefits conferred are a direct result of progressively reducing metabolic expenditure due to colder temperatures while simultaneously avoiding the irreversible damage caused by the crystallization of ice. Unfortunately, the freezing of water in bulk systems of clinical relevance is dominated by random heterogeneous nucleation initiated by uncharacterized trace impurities, and the marked unpredictability of this behavior has prevented the implementation of supercooling outside of controlled laboratory settings and in volumes larger than a few milliliters. Here, we develop a statistical model that jointly captures both the inherent stochastic nature of nucleation using conventional Poisson statistics as well as the random variability of heterogeneous nucleation catalysis through bivariate extreme value statistics. Individually, these two classes of models cannot account for both the time-dependent nature of nucleation and the sample-to-sample variability associated with heterogeneous catalysis, and traditional extreme value models have only considered variations of the characteristic nucleation temperature. We conduct a series of constant cooling rate and isothermal nucleation experiments with physiological saline solutions and leverage the statistical model to evaluate the natural variability of kinetic and thermodynamic nucleation parameters. By quantifying freezing probability as a function of temperature, supercooled duration, and system volume while accounting for nucleation site variability, this study also provides a basis for the rational design of stable supercooled biopreservation protocols.
Modeling Deformable Surfaces from Single Videos. (2010)

The findings indicate rapid deterioration in the first week since the onset of symptoms in non-survivors. Higher proportion of HU [-750, 50) in the lesion area might be a potential bio-marker for poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19.
Anthocyanin Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyotoxicity via Estrogen Receptor-α/β and Stabilizes HSF1 to Inhibit the IGF-IIR Apoptotic Pathway (2016)

Doxorubicin (Dox) is extensively used for chemotherapy in different types of cancer, but its use is limited to because of its cardiotoxicity. Our previous studies found that doxorubicin-induced insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGF-IIR) accumulation causes cardiomyocytes apoptosis via down-regulation of HSF1 pathway. In these studies, we demonstrated a new mechanism through which anthocyanin protects cardiomyoblast cells against doxorubicin-induced injury. We found that anthocyanin decreased IGF-IIR expression via estrogen receptors and stabilized heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) to inhibit caspase 3 activation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the phytoestrogen from plants has been considered as another potential treatment for heart failure. It has been reported that the natural compound anthocyanin (ACN) has the ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we demonstrated that anthocyanin acts as a cardioprotective drug against doxorubicin-induced heart failure by attenuating cardiac apoptosis via estrogen receptors to stabilize HSF1 expression and down-regulated IGF-IIR-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Micropatterning Facilitates the Long‐Term Growth and Analysis of iPSC‐Derived Individual Human Neurons and Neuronal Networks (2016)

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their application to patient-specific disease models offers new opportunities for studying the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. However, current methods for culturing iPSC-derived neuronal cells result in clustering of neurons, which precludes the analysis of individual neurons and defined neuronal networks. To address this challenge, cultures of human neurons on micropatterned surfaces are developed that promote neuronal survival over extended periods of time. This approach facilitates studies of neuronal development, cellular trafficking, and related mechanisms that require assessment of individual neurons and specific network connections. Importantly, micropatterns support the long-term stability of cultured neurons, which enables time-dependent analysis of cellular processes in living neurons. The approach described in this paper allows mechanistic studies of human neurons, both in terms of normal neuronal development and function, as well as time-dependent pathological processes, and provides a platform for testing of new therapeutics in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Optical characteristics of InAlAs/GaAlAs/GaAs quantum dots (Conference Presentation) (2017)

The type-I to type-II band alignment transition in InAlAsAs/AlGaAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) is investigated when the Al-composition in QDs and barrier are changed. In particular, the In0.46Al0.54As/Ga0.46Al0.54As/GaAs QDs show unique optical properties. The PL peak energy has a blue-shift of >40 meV when the laser intensity increases by four orders of magnitude, indicating a type-II band alignment of the QDs. The formation of the type-II band alignment is explained by that the quantum-confinement effect pulls up the minimum electron energy level in the QDs and the Γ→X transition in the Ga0.46Al0.54As barrier. The time-resolved PL (TRPL) spectrum of QDs at peak wavelength exhibits a double-component decay behavior, suggesting the possibility of type-I and type-II band alignment coexistence in this QD sample. The continuum state of the QDs is also investigated. Emission associated with the continuum states of the QDs is directly observed in PL spectra. The PL excitation (PLE) and TRPL spectra reveal an efficient carrier relaxation from the AlGaAs barrier into the InAlAs QD ground state via the continuum states. The carrier recombination in the continuum states can compete with that in the QDs due to the long recombination lifetime in the type-II QDs. This feature of continuum state emission can not be observed for normal InGaAs/GaAs QDs with the type-I band structure.
A novel squeezed-film damping model for MEMS comb structures (2017)

We present the implementation and validation of a novel model for simulating comb squeezed-film damping. The model is computationally efficient regardless of finger count and optionally includes top and bottom encapsulation surfaces surrounding the fingers. Comparison with standard numerical simulation shows a difference in damping coefficient of less than 1%. One application is to predict the Q factors of resonant MEMS such as gyroscopes for which a high Q-factor ensures stable oscillations and certain magnetometers for which it amplifies the sensitivity. The model is validated against experimental Q factors of a magnetometer, predicted values are within 10% of measurement from 0.01MPa to 100Pa.
Search for single b⁎-quark production with the ATLAS detector at s=7 TeV (2013)

Single top-quark Excited quark The results of a search for an excited bottom-quark b * in pp collisions at s = 7 TeV, using 4.7 fb -1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. In the model studied, a single b * -quark is produced through a chromomagnetic interaction and subsequently decays to a W boson and a top quark. The search is performed in the dilepton and lepton + jets final states, which are combined to set limits on b * -quark couplings for a range of b * -quark masses. For a benchmark with unit size chromomagnetic and Standard Model-like electroweak b * couplings, b * quarks with masses less than 870 GeV are excluded at the 95% credibility level.
Compensation capability of new single-phase power definitions (2008)

Considerable research effort has been directed to the definition of measurement of electrical power mainly due to the proliferation of non-linear loads in the power system. In this paper a new single-phase definition is evaluated from the compensation point of view using two simple examples. One study uses a linear RLC load with source voltage that has harmonics. The other is a diode-RL circuit with sinusoidal supply. The examples illustrate the application of the new definitions to determine the powers in a linear and non-linear load and then to utilise this information to compensate for unwanted quantities. The analysis is performed with ATP and Mathcad.
TWO-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY OF $Cu^{+}$ IN ALKALI HALIDE HOST CRYSTALS (1983)

The 3d-4s transitions of $Cu^{+}$ become, in cubic host crystals, $^{1}A_{1g}\\rightarrow^{1}E_{g}, ^{1}T_{2g}$, as well as several singlet-triplet transition. Two-photon spectroscopy is capable of clearly separating the overlapping $^{1}E_{g}$ and $^{1}T_{2g}$ spectra by virtus of the polarization selection rules. In cases where the $Cu^{+}$ ion lies off-center in its halide octahedron $(KC1:Cu^{+})$, the two-photon spectra show bands with mixed symmetries. In a series of alkali chlorides, the crystal field and Jahn-Teller parameters have been determined and compared. In addition, the average extent to which the $Cu^{+}$ departs from the center can be inferred from the spectra.
A randomized split‐face, investigator‐blinded study of a picosecond Alexandrite laser for post‐inflammatory erythema and acne scars (2020)

The 755 nm picosecond Alexandrite laser has been demonstrated to be effective and well tolerated in patients with acne scars. In this split-face, investigator-blinded study, 16 patients with post-inflammatory erythema (PIE) and acne scars were randomized to receive laser treatment on half the face, with the other half serving as a control. The treatment side demonstrated a significant improvement in both PIE and scars compared to the baseline and also when compared to the control side. Treatment was well-tolerated, with only transient and mild erythema and edema reported as side-effects. In our study, the picosecond Alexandrite laser was safe and effective in the treatment of PIE and acne scars. Comprehensive treatment outcomes should be taken into consideration when deciding on which device to use.
Interaction of polarized near-UV light with Si nanostructures: Raman imaging and stress study (2011)

A record high Si structure Raman efficiency is obtained in near UV for ~10 nm wide Si nanowires. Using high-numerical-aperture lens, we observed Raman-forbidden phonons of strained-Si nanowires/islands and measured stress relaxation.
Functional Expression of Odorant Receptors of the Zebrafish Danio rerio and of the Nematode C. elegans in HEK293 Cells (1997)

Odorant receptors of zebrafish and C elegans were functionally expressed in vertebrate kidney cells (HEK293) using the eucaryotic expression vector pSMyc. Receptor-encoding cDNA cloned into this vector was expressed as a fusion protein with the N-terminal membrane import sequence of the guinea-pig serotonin receptor followed by a myc tag. Immunocytochemical evidence indicates that this strategy directs a protein with the predicted immunoreactivity and approximate molecular weight to the plasma membrane. Fish food extract (TetraMin) evoked a transient increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with plasmids containing cDNA for three fish odorant receptors and converted to stable cell lines. The effect of the extract was concentration dependent and limited to the fraction of the extract < 5 kDa. Pretreating the transfected cells with the PLC inhibitor U73122 reduced the odor-evoked signal. Fish food extract also evoked a transient increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with plasmids containing cDNA for single fish odorant receptors. Diacetyl evoked a transient increase in intracellular [Ca2+] in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with plasmids encoding the cDNA of ODR10, an odorant receptor of C. elegans suggested in other work to be specific for diacetyl. These results strongly imply that odorant receptors can be functionally expressed in HEK293 cells using this novel expression protocol.
Association of Common Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variations with Fracture Risk and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Korean Population (2009)

Osteoporosis is characterized by impaired osteogenesis. BMD is a major determinant of bone strength. The role of the VDR gene in predisposition to primary osteoporosis has been recognized. However, population-based case-control studies have been reported controversial results for known candidate genes in an ethnically distinct group. To determine the genetic effects of VDR variants on osteoporosis and BMD, we directly sequenced the VDR gene in 24 unrelated Korean individuals and identified eighteen sequence variants. We investigated the potential involvement of eight SNPs in osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (n = 729). Two SNPs (LD) in intron 2, -5294GC (rs2238135) and -4817GA (rs17882443) showed the evidence of association with enhanced BMD of the femoral neck (padditive=0.031 for rs2238135; padditive=0.017 and pdominant= 0.019 for 17882443). Moreover, VDR -4817GA was significantly associated with protective effect on all fracture risk (precessive=0.035, OR=0.2, 95% CI=0.050.89), and tended to be higher BMD values at various proximal femur sites. Therefore, we suggest that the -4817GA may be useful genetic marker for vitamin D-related metabolism and may have an important role in the increased BMD of the proximal femur in postmenopausal Korean women.
A Study on the Calculation of Heat Release Rate to Compensate the Error Due to Single Zone Assumption in Diesel Engine (2005)

Accurate heat release analysis based on the cylinder pressure trace is important for evaluating combustion process of diesel engines. However, traditional single-zone heat release models (SZM) have significant limitations due mainly to their simplified assumptions of uniform charge and homogeneity while neglecting local temperature distribution inside cylinder during combustion process. In this study, a heat release analysis based on single-zone model has been evaluated by comparison with computational analysis result using Fire-code, which is based on multi-dimensional model (MDM). The limitations of the single-zone assumption have been estimated. To overcome these limitations, an improved model that includes the effects of spatial non-uniformity has been applied. From this improved single-zone heat release model (Improved-SZM), two effective values of specific heats ratios, denoted by γV and γH in this study, have been introduced. These values are formulated as the function of charge temperature changing rate and overall equivalence ratio by matching the results of the single-zone analysis to those of computational analysis using Fire-code about medium speed marine diesel engine. Also, it is applied that each equation of γV and γH has respectively different slopes according to several meaningful regions such as the start of injection, the end of injection, the maximum cylinder temperature, and the exhaust valve open. This calculation method based on improved single-zone model gives a good agreement with Fire-code results over the whole range of operating conditions.
Selective Recovery of Ethyl Acetate by Air-Sparged Membrane Distillation Using Carbon Nanotube-Immobilized Membranes and Process Optimization via a Response Surface Approach (2023)

Ethyl acetate (EA) is an extensively used industrial solvent, and typically, aqueous mixtures containing EA are discarded as hazardous waste. The recovery of EA from wastewater streams would have significant environmental benefits and be a circular economy approach to solvent recycling. However, with a relatively high water solubility (8.3% w/v at room temperature), it remains a challenge. In this paper, we report the recovery of EA from water using air-sparged sweep gas membrane distillation (AS-SGMD) with carbon nanotube-immobilized membranes. A central composite rotatable design was used to study the effect of process parameters on flux and selectivity via conventional SGMD and AS-SGMD. The experiments were run at different operating conditions of temperature, concentration, and flow rate. The flux reached as high as 1.41 kg/m2 h–1, and selectivity as high as 10.8 was obtained. The introduction of air sparging improved the flux by as much as 12% and the selectivity by 17%. The response surfaces of flux and selectivity as a function of operating variables were studied, and regression models were developed. For both regular SGMD and AS-SGMD, the selectivity of EA recovery followed a quadratic model, while the flux showed a linear response. The predicted and experimental responses were in agreement with a R2 value of 0.94. The optimization efforts showed that relatively low temperatures, higher concentrations, and high flow rates favored higher selectivity.
Abstract 12839: Cardiac-Specific Deletion of RhoA Results in the Development of Cardiac Hypertrophy via Effects on the Erk/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways (2010)

Increased cardiac hypertrophy in response to pathological stimuli can, over time, become decompensatory, leading to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Though several hypertrophic signa...
Lubrication Free Centrifugal Compressor (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes an effort to demonstrate the benefits of an innovative, lightweight, lubrication free centrifugal compressor that allows the use of environmentally safe alternate refrigerants with improved system efficiencies over current State-of-the-Art technology. This effort couples the recently developed 3-D high efficiency centrifugal compressor and fabrication technologies with magnetic bearing technology and will then prove the performance, life and reliability of the compressor.&lt;/div&gt;
Corrosion impact of reductant on DWPF and downstream facilities (2014)

Glycolic acid is being evaluated as an alternate reductant in the preparation of high level waste for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS). During processing, the glycolic acid is not completely consumed and small quantities of the glycolate anion are carried forward to other high level waste (HLW) facilities. The impact of the glycolate anion on the corrosion of the materials of construction throughout the waste processing system has not been previously evaluated. A literature review had revealed that corrosion data in glycolate-bearing solution applicable to SRS systems were not available. Therefore, testing was recommended to evaluate the materials of construction of vessels, piping and components within DWPF and downstream facilities. The testing, conducted in non-radioactive simulants, consisted of both accelerated tests (electrochemical and hot-wall) with coupons in laboratory vessels and prototypical tests with coupons immersed in scale-up and mock-up test systems. Eight waste or process streams were identified in which the glycolate anion might impact the performance of the materials of construction. These streams were 70% glycolic acid (DWPF feed vessels and piping), SRAT/SME supernate (Chemical Processing Cell (CPC) vessels and piping), DWPF acidic recycle (DWPF condenser and recycle tanks and piping), basic concentrated recycle (HLW tanks, evaporators, and transfer lines), salt processing (ARP, MCU, and Saltstone tanks and piping), boric acid (MCU separators), and dilute waste (HLW evaporator condensate tanks and transfer line and ETF components). For each stream, high temperature limits and worst-case glycolate concentrations were identified for performing the recommended tests. Test solution chemistries were generally based on analytical results of actual waste samples taken from the various process facilities or of prototypical simulants produced in the laboratory. The materials of construction for most vessels, components and piping were not impacted with the presence of glycolic acid or the impact is not expected to affect the service life. However, the presence of the glycolate anion was found to affect corrosion susceptibility of some materials of construction in the DWPF and downstream facilities, especially at elevated temperatures. The following table summarizes the results of the electrochemical and hot wall testing and indicates expected performance in service with the glycolate anion present.
Radiative substrate heating for high-Tc superconducting thin-film deposition: Film-growth-induced temperature variation (1992)

We have examined the problem of substrate temperature changes during the growth of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin films on LaAlO3 when the substrate is radiatively heated. Substrate temperature variations sufficient to degrade film quality occur unless the heater temperature is controlled during growth. At a heater temperature of 900 °C, the temperature of a LaAlO3 substrate was measured to be only 540 °C, while a similar substrate with a 2000-Å YBCO film reached 640 °C. The experimental data and calculations indicate that the heater temperature must be as high as 1240 °C to heat LaAlO3 to 730 °C, and must be decreased by over 200 °C during the first 500 Å of film deposition to maintain a constant substrate temperature during film growth. This study shows the need for an in situ noncontact substrate temperature measurement technique.
An Algorithmic Approach to Mechanical Hip Pain (2012)

A clear understanding of the differential diagnosis of hip pain through a detailed and systematic physical examination, diagnostic imaging assessment, and the interpretation of how mechanical factors can result in such a wide range of compensatory injury patterns about the hip can facilitate the diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Loophole-free Bell test using electron spins in diamond: second experiment and additional analysis (2016)

The recently reported violation of a Bell inequality using entangled electronic spins in diamonds (Hensen et al., Nature 526, 682-686) provided the first loophole-free evidence against local-realist theories of nature. Here we report on data from a second Bell experiment using the same experimental setup with minor modifications. We find a violation of the CHSH-Bell inequality of 2.35 ± 0.18, in agreement with the first run, yielding an overall value of S = 2.38 ± 0.14. We calculate the resulting P-values of the second experiment and of the combined Bell tests. We provide an additional analysis of the distribution of settings choices recorded during the two tests, finding that the observed distributions are consistent with uniform settings for both tests. Finally, we analytically study the effect of particular models of random number generator (RNG) imperfection on our hypothesis test. We find that the winning probability per trial in the CHSH game can be bounded knowing only the mean of the RNG bias. This implies that our experimental result is robust for any model underlying the estimated average RNG bias, for random bits produced up to 690 ns too early by the random number generator.