gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pump-controlled exceptional points and directional random laser emission (2014)

S. Rotter,1 M. Liertzer,1 S. Esterhazy,2 T. Hisch,1 H. Tureci,3 Li Ge,4 A. Cerjan,5 A. D. Stone,5 K. G. Makris,1,3 D. Pogany,6 F. Mintert,7 D. Liu,8 S. G. Johnson,9 J. M. Melenk,2 J. Schoberl,2 M. Brandstetter,10 C. Deutsch,10 K. Unterrainer,10 P. Klang,11 G. Strasser11 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrase 8-10/136, A–1040 Vienna, Austria, EU 2Institute for Analysis and Scientific Computing, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrase 8-10/136, A–1040 Vienna, Austria, EU 3Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA 4Department of Engineering Science and Physics, College of Staten Island, CUNY, New York 10314, USA 5Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA 6Institute for Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU 7Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Albertstrae 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, EU 8Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 9Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 10Photonics Institute, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrae 27-29, A–1040 Vienna, Austria, EU 11Institute for Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Floragasse 7, A–1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
Sequential lateral positioning as a new lung recruitment maneuver: an exploratory study in early mechanically ventilated Covid-19 ARDS patients (2022)

Without increasing airway pressure, a sequential postural recruitment maneuver improves global and regional respiratory mechanics and gas exchange along with a redistribution of EELI from ventral to dorsal lung areas and less consolidation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04475068. Registered 17 July 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04475068.
Test firmware architecture for a flexible wireless physiological multi-sensor (2011)

This paper presents an ATE component-styled, test firmware architecture for a novel, flexible, multi-sensor for physiological monitoring. The device is fragile and the hardware components and connections must be verified for functionality before end application firmware evaluation. Additionally, the existing sensor firmware is updated to include a manufacturing test mode for additional system testing.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Alpharetroviral Integration in Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (2014)

Gene transfer vectors derived from gamma-retroviruses or lentiviruses are currently used for the gene therapy of genetic or acquired diseases. Retroviral vectors display a non-random integration pattern in the human genome, targeting either regulatory regions (gamma-retroviruses) or the transcribed portion of expressed genes (lentiviruses), and have the potential to deregulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. A recently developed alternative vector system derives from the avian sarcoma-leukosis alpha-retrovirus (ASLV) and shows favorable safety features compared to both gamma-retroviral and lentiviral vectors in preclinical models. We performed a high-throughput analysis of the integration pattern of self-inactivating (SIN) alpha-retroviral vectors in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and compared it to previously reported gamma-retroviral and lentiviral vectors integration profiles obtained in the same experimental setting. Compared to gamma-retroviral and lentiviral vectors, the SIN-ASLV vector maintains a preference for open chromatin regions, but shows no bias for transcriptional regulatory elements or transcription units, as defined by genomic annotations and epigenetic markers (H3K4me1 and H3K4me3 histone modifications). Importantly, SIN-ASLV integrations do not cluster in hot spots and target potentially dangerous genomic loci, such as the EVI2A/B, RUNX1 and LMO2 proto-oncogenes at a virtually random frequency. These characteristics predict a safer profile for ASLV-derived vectors for clinical applications.
Ultraselective Carbon Molecular Sieve Membranes with Tailored Synergistic Sorption Selective Properties (2017)

Membrane-based separations can reduce the energy consumption and the CO<sub>2</sub> footprint of large-scale fluid separations, which are traditionally practiced by energy-intensive thermally driven processes. Here, a new type of membrane structure based on nanoporous carbon is reported, which, according to this study, is best referred to as carbon/carbon mixed-matrix (CCMM) membranes. The CCMM membranes are formed by high-temperature (up to 900 °C) pyrolysis of polyimide precursor hollow-fiber membranes. Unprecedentedly high permselectivities are seen in CCMM membranes for CO<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub> , N<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub> , He/CH<sub>4</sub> , and H<sub>2</sub> /CH<sub>4</sub> separations. Analysis of permeation data suggests that the ultrahigh selectivities result from substantially increased sorption selectivities, which is hypothetically owing to the formation of ultraselective micropores that selectively exclude the bulkier CH<sub>4</sub> molecules. With tunable sorption selectivities, the CCMM membranes outperform flexible polymer membranes and traditional rigid molecular-sieve membranes. The capability to increase sorption selectivities is a powerful tool to leverage diffusion selectivities, and has opened the door to many challenging and economically important fluid separations that require ultrafine differentiation of closely sized molecules.
Benzoyl Peroxide Initiated In Situ Functionalization, Processing, and Mechanical Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube−Polypropylene Composite Fibers (2007)

Benzoyl peroxide initiated in situ functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) represents a simple means of generating reactive sites on the surface of carbon nanotubes by exploiting free radical interactions with the surrounding polymer matrix. The resulting composite, when processed into fiber form, demonstrates improved mechanical properties. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes has in general been used as a means of increasing their solubility and dispersion in polymeric systems, allowing for the manufacture of composites with increased mechanical properties. Beyond the addition of chemical moieties to the surface of single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, researchers have used in situ reactions to link carbon nanotubes directly to the surrounding polymer matrix in hopes of taking better advantage of their strong reinforcing properties. In this work, we present a method to produce a composite of this nature by using a single processing step. An in situ reaction, initiated by the production of free radicals upon the decomposition of benzoyl peroxide during the high shear and high-temperature phase of processing, allows for the linkage of the single-walled carbon nanotube to the surrounding polypropylene matrix via a covalent bond. The resulting composite was spun into 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt. % SWNT/polypropylene fibers that demonstrated improved mechanical properties in tensile strength by 82.9, 89.8, 72.3, and 173.1%, and in the elastic modulus by 69.2, 99.7, 137.2, and 133.7%, respectively, over that of the neat polypropylene fibers.
In vivo Photoacoustic Imaging of Prostate Cancer Using Targeted Contrast Agent (2016)

Abstract : Prostate specific antigen screening for prostate cancer is inexpensive, non-invasive and sensitive, but lacks specificity. The accuracy of confirmatory prostate biopsy is only 52% due to either the absence of tumor or the inability to precisely sample small tumors with the biopsy needles. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop methods to accurately image cancers within the prostate, to rule out cancer in men with false positive PSA elevation and to ensure successful biopsy for those with small cancers. Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging functional imaging technique that can detect and diagnose prostate cancer based on the near-infrared optical absorption of either endogenous tissue constituents or exogenous contrast agents. Although endogenous tissue constituents show promise, in order to implement photoacoustic imaging in the clinic, there is a need for increased tumor cell specificity, sensitivity and depth of imaging. To enhance the application of photoacoustic imaging for the detection of early stage prostate cancer, development of near infrared dyes - labeled RNA aptamer that recognizes the prostate specific cell surface protein - prostate specific membrane antigen is proposed to specifically image prostate-cancer. The design incorporates a high energy tunable laser as the source and an ultrasound linear array to detect the acoustic-lens-focused photoacoustic signals generated from the cancerous lesions within the prostate.
Resolving Pathways of Interaction of Covalent Inhibitors with the Active Site of Acetylcholinesterases: MALDI-TOF/MS Analysis of Various Nerve Agent Phosphyl Adducts (2001)

Understanding reaction pathways of phosphylation, reactivation, and "aging" of AChE with toxic organophosphate compounds is both a biochemical and a pharmacological challenge. Here we describe experiments which allowed to resolve some of the less well understood reaction pathways of phosphylation and "aging" of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) involving phosphoroamidates (P-N agents) such as tabun or the widely used pesticide methamidophos. Tryptic digests of phosphylated AChEs (from human and Torpedo californica), ZipTip peptide fractionation and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) enabled reproducible signal enrichment of the isotopically resolved peaks of organophosphoroamidate conjugates of the AChE active site Ser peptides. For tabun and its hexadeuterio analogue, we find, as expected, that the two phosphoramidate adducts of the active site peptide differ by 6.05 mass units but following aging we find that the two corresponding phospho-peptides have identical molecular weights. We further show that the aging product of paraoxon-AChE adduct is identical to the aging product of the tabun-AChE conjugate. These results unequivocally demonstrate that the pathway of aging of tabun adducts of the human or the Torpedo californica AChEs proceeds through P-N bond scission. For methamidophos, we show that phosphylation of AChE involves elimination of the thiomethyl moiety and that the spontaneous reactivation of the resulting organophosphate adduct generates the phosphorus free AChE active site Ser-peptide.
Hepatitis C Virus Entry Depends on Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis (2006)

Due to difficulties in cell culture propagation, the mechanisms of hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry are poorly understood. Here, postbinding cellular mechanisms of HCV entry were studied using both retroviral particles pseudotyped with HCV envelope glycoproteins (HCVpp) and the HCV clone JFH-1 propagated in cell culture (HCVcc). HCVpp entry was measured by quantitative real-time PCR after 3 h of contact with target cells, and HCVcc infection was quantified by immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence detection of HCV proteins expressed in infected cells. The functional role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in HCV entry was assessed by small interfering RNA-mediated clathrin heavy chain depletion and with chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-coated pit formation at the plasma membrane. In both conditions, HCVpp entry and HCVcc infection were inhibited. HCVcc infection was also inhibited by pretreating target cells with bafilomycin A1 or chloroquine, two drugs known to interfere with endosome acidification. These data indicate that HCV enters target cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, followed by a fusion step from within an acidic endosomal compartment.
Hysteresis and delta modulation control of converters using sensorless current mode (2006)

Sensorless current mode (SCM) is a control formulation for dc–dc converters that results in voltage-source characteristics, excellent open-loop tracking, and near-ideal source rejection. Hysteresis and delta modulation are well-known, easy-to-construct large-signal methods for switched systems. Combining either large-signal method with SCM creates a controller that is simpler and more robust than a pulse-width modulation (PWM) based controller. The small-signal advantages of PWM-based SCM are retained and expanded to include converter response to large-signal disturbances. These approaches can be used with any converter topology over a broad range of operating conditions. In the present work, hysteresis and delta modulation SCM controllers are derived and simulated. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the large-signal behavior of both control schemes.
Supplementary Figures from LSD1-Mediated Epigenetic Reprogramming Drives CENPE Expression and Prostate Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figures S1-2: LSD1 reprogramming in CRPC. Figure S3: Clinical relevance of CENPE in CRPC. Figures S4-8: Regulation and Function of CENPE in CRPC. Figure S9: Inhibition of CENPE in xenograft model.&lt;/p&gt;
Bright Future of Deep-Ultraviolet Photonics: Emerging UVC Chip-Scale Light-Source Technology Platforms, Benchmarking, Challenges, and Outlook for UV Disinfection (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated great interest in ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, particularly for air disinfection. Although UV disinfection was discovered close to 90 years ago, only very recently has it reached the consumer market and achieved much acceptance from the public, starting in the 2000s. The current UV light source of choice has been almost exclusively a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp. Today, however, with emerging deep-UV (DUV) chip-scale technologies, there has been a significant advancement, along with ever-increasing interest, in the development and deployment of disinfection systems that employ compact devices that emit in the deep-UV spectral band (200–280 nm), including UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and cathodoluminescent (CL) chips. This perspective looks into competing UV technologies (including mercury lamps and excimer lamps as benchmarks) on their optical merits and demerits and discusses the emerging chip-scale technologies of DUV electroluminescent and cathodoluminescent devices, comparing them against the benchmarks and providing an overview of the challenges and prospects. The accelerating progress in chip-scale solutions for deep-UV light sources promises a bright future in UV disinfection.
Small-signal, complex distortion and waveform measurement system for multiport microwave devices (2011)

This paper presented a general-purpose multiport measurement system and calibration algorithm for the characterizations of N-port microwave devices. The system is built around the micro wave transition analyzer as a multi-harmonic receiver from DC to 40 GHz, which provides the system with the scope capability for time domain measurements and the vector network analyzer capabilities for frequency-domain measurements. The developed system has the capability of measuring the S-parameters of linear microwave circuits as well as the AM-AM and AM-PM conversions for nonlinear microwave devices in single-step measurements, without any need for reconnection or change in the calibration technique or meas urement setup. The system can accurately quantify the impact of crosstalk on the performance of the multiport nonlinear microwave systems in terms of power efficiency and signal distortion. The proposed calibration algorithm for waveform measurements utilizes a standard signal frequency generator and does not rely on the use of a multi-harmonic generator to calculate the error box parameters at the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. The algorithm is also applicable to any multi-harmonic phase-locked receiver based measurement system. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the measurement system is capable of performing waveform engineering measurements. The comparison of waveforms obtained in 50 Ω and non-50 Ω impedance environments using the developed system and standard commercial scopes shows good agreement. This enhances confidence in the measurement data obtained from the developed measurement system.
Development of a high-throughput arrayed neural circuitry platform using human induced neurons for drug screening applications (2020)

Proper brain function relies on the precise arrangement and flow of information between diverse neural subtypes. Developing improved human cell-based models which faithfully mimic biologically relevant connectivity patterns may improve drug screening efforts given the limited success of animal models to predict safety and efficacy of therapeutics in human clinical trials. To address this need, we have developed experimental models of defined neural circuitries through the compartmentalization of neuronal cell subtypes in a 96 well plate-based platform where each microwell is divided into two compartments connected by microchannels allowing high-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecules. We demonstrate that we can generate subtype-specific excitatory and inhibitory induced neuronal cells (iNs) from human stem cell lines and that these neurons form robust functional circuits with defined connectivity. Through the use of the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f, we monitor calcium ion transients generated during neuronal firing between and within compartments. We further demonstrate functionality of the circuit by perturbing network activity through the addition of glutamate receptor blockers using automated liquid handling. Lastly, we show that we can stimulate network activity in defined neuronal subtypes through the expression of the designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) hM3Dq and application of the ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Our results demonstrate the formation of functional neural circuits in a high-throughput platform that is compatible with compound screening, representing an important step towards developing new screening platforms for studying and ultimately treating psychiatric brain disorders that arise from disordered neural circuit function.
Synthesis of some antithyroid compounds. I (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of some antithyroid compounds. IPramod K. Srivastava and Meerasahib SaleemCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1969, 12, 1, 196Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00301a064https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00301a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Limitations of theoretical benefit from an adaptive directional system in reverberant environments (2004)

Hearing aids with adaptive and fixed two-microphone processing are currently available. Although the noise reduction increase of adaptive over fixed aids can theoretically be tens of dB, it is unclear if this benefit can be found with realistic processing and conditions. Thus, a theoretical analysis of the ability of today's aids to attenuate jammers in ''everyday'' conditions [direct-reverberant ratio 5.0 dB] is provided. Processing limitations restrict aids to wideband null steering through intermicrophone delay variation. Delay variation is predicted to provide maximally 2.0 dB more noise reduction than the best fixed system on average, and only at the highest directreverberant ratios.
Learning From Nature: Synthesis and Characterization of Longitudinal Polymer Gradient Materials Inspired by Mussel Byssus Threads (2011)

Marine mussels use their threads for attachment to any substratum and these biopolymer gradient fibers show an excellent combination of stiff and soft mechanical properties. A straightforward approach for the preparation of macroscopic longitudinal polymer gradient materials on the centimeter scale based on a poly(dimethyl siloxane) system is presented. Compositional gradients are realized by using three syringe pumps feeding different prepolymers capable to undergo thermal cross-linking. Within the gradient samples, the stiffness between the hard and soft part can be varied up to a factor of four. The gradients are analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as compressive and tensile modulus testing.
Spin-torque induced rf oscillation in magnetic tunnel junctions with an Fe-rich CoFeB free layer (2011)

A steady magnetization precession induced by spin-torque was studied in magnetic tunnel junctions with an Fe-rich CoFeB free layer under a perpendicular magnetic field. The Fe-rich CoFeB free layer showed a low critical current (Ic) for spin-torque induced switching. The low value of Ic for the Fe-rich CoFeB free layer enabled us to observe the spin-torque induced rf oscillation even at a low dc bias current (Idc). The oscillation frequency increased with increasing Idc, indicating the out-of-plane precessional mode. Owing to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the Fe-rich CoFeB free layer, the large relative angle between the free and pinned layers was achieved under the perpendicular magnetic field. The out-of-plane precession of the magnetization and the large relative angle resulted in the large rf output power of 175 nW.
Simplification of millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber system employing heterodyning of uncorrelated optical carriers and self-homodyning of RF signal at the receiver (2012)

A simplified millimeter-wave (mm-wave) radio-over-fiber (RoF) system employing a combination of optical heterodyning in signal generation and radio frequency (RF) self-homodyning in data recovery process is proposed and demonstrated. Three variants of the system are considered in which two independent uncorrelated lasers with a frequency offset equal to the desired mm-wave carrier frequency are used to generate the transmitted signal. Uncorrelated phase noise in the resulting mm-wave signal after photodetection was overcome by using RF self-homodyning in the data recovery process. Theoretical analyses followed by experimental results and simulated characterizations confirm the system's performance. A key advantage of the system is that it avoids the need for high-speed electro-optic and electronic devices operating at the RF carrier frequency at both the central station and base stations.