gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, syntrophic alcohol- and lactate-degrading bacterium isolated from thermophilic digested sludges (2006)

Three anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, syntrophic primary alcohol- and lactate-degrading microbes, designated strains JL(T), JE and OL, were isolated from sludges of thermophilic (55 degrees C) digesters that decomposed either municipal solid wastes or sewage sludge. The strains were strictly anaerobic organisms. All three strains grew at 25-60 degrees C and pH 5.5-8.5 and optimum growth was observed at 45-50 degrees C and pH 6.0-7.0. The three organisms grew chemo-organotrophically on a number of carbohydrates in the presence of yeast extract. In co-culture with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, all strains could utilize ethanol, glycerol and lactate syntrophically for growth, although these compounds were not metabolized in pure culture without additional external electron acceptors. All strains could reduce thiosulphate. Quinones were not detected. The DNA G+C contents of strains JL(T), JE and OL were 38.0, 37.3 and 37.7 mol%, respectively. Major cellular fatty acids of the strains were iso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and unsaturated species of C(15 : 1). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belong to a deeply branched lineage of the phylum Firmicutes; the most closely related species was Thermovenabulum ferriorganovorum (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 88 %). The three strains were phylogenetically very closely related to each other (99-100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and were physiologically and chemotaxonomically similar. These genetic and phenotypic properties suggest that the strains should be classified as representatives of a novel species and genus; the name Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus is strain JL(T) (=JCM 12098(T)=NBRC 100060(T)=DSM 15584(T)).
Adaptive photonics phase-locked elements (APPLE): system architecture and wavefront control concept (2005)

We discuss a concept based on replacing a large-aperture monolithic adaptive optical transceiver telescope with an array of small phase-locked sub-apertures with adaptive correction of phase distortions incorporated directly into each sub-aperture, referred to here as adaptive photonics phase-locked elements (APPLE). In the APPLE system, the conventional high-resolution adaptive optics (AO) system is substituted by an array of low-resolution "local" AO sub-systems (distributed AO) operating in parallel.
Time-Resolved <em>In Vivo</em> Measurement of Neuropeptide Dynamics by Capacitive Immunoprobe in Porcine Heart (2022)

The ability to measure biomarkers in vivo relevant to the assessment of disease progression is of great interest to the scientific and medical communities. The resolution of results obtained from current methods of measuring certain biomarkers can take several days or weeks to obtain, as they can be limited in resolution both spatially and temporally (e.g., fluid compartment microdialysis of interstitial fluid analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], or mass spectrometry); thus, their guidance of timely diagnosis and treatment is disrupted. In the present study, a unique technique for detecting and measuring peptide transmitters in vivo through the use of a capacitive immunoprobe biosensor (CI probe) is reported. The fabrication protocol and in vitro characterization of these probes are described. Measurements of sympathetic stimulation-evoked neuropeptide Y (NPY) release in vivo are provided. NPY release is correlated to the sympathetic release of norepinephrine for reference. The data demonstrate an approach for the fast and localized measurement of neuropeptides in vivo. Future applications include intraoperative real-time assessment of disease progression and minimally invasive catheter-based deployment of these probes.
Recent Advances in Tactile Sensing Technology (2018)

Research on tactile sensing technology has been actively conducted in recent years to pave the way for the next generation of highly intelligent devices. Sophisticated tactile sensing technology has a broad range of potential applications in various fields including: (1) robotic systems with tactile sensors that are capable of situation recognition for high-risk tasks in hazardous environments; (2) tactile quality evaluation of consumer products in the cosmetic, automobile, and fabric industries that are used in everyday life; (3) robot-assisted surgery (RAS) to facilitate tactile interaction with the surgeon; and (4) artificial skin that features a sense of touch to help people with disabilities who suffer from loss of tactile sense. This review provides an overview of recent advances in tactile sensing technology, which is divided into three aspects: basic physiology associated with human tactile sensing, the requirements for the realization of viable tactile sensors, and new materials for tactile devices. In addition, the potential, hurdles, and major challenges of tactile sensing technology applications including artificial skin, medical devices, and analysis tools for human tactile perception are presented in detail. Finally, the review highlights possible routes, rapid trends, and new opportunities related to tactile devices in the foreseeable future.
Investigations on the Occurrence of Cytidine 3′,5′ Monophosphate (cCMP) in Tissues (1981)

A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of cCMP was developed. Antibodies were prepared by immunization of rabbits with succinyl cCMP conjugated to human albumin. In the RIA commercially available 3H-cCMP was used as labeled antigen. Low amounts (0.4-2.6 pmol/g w.wt.) of immunoreactive material could be detected in extracts of brain, heart, ileum, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, testis and uterus from rats, guinea-pig and frogs. The immunoassayable material in rat liver was subjected to column chromatography on AG 1-X8 anion exchange resin. The radioimmunoassayable material isolated from the liver did not cochromatograph with authentic tritiated or unlabeled cCMP. The chromatographic properties of the immunoreactive material did not change in regenerating livers - following partial hepatectomy, or after pronase treatment. However, after treatment with pronase the amount of assayable material, extracted from the rat liver, increased. It is suggested that cCMP - as such - is not present, in detectable amounts, in extracts prepared by commonly used procedures for isolation of cyclic nucleotides. The chemical nature of the cCMP immunoreactive material isolated from rat liver is at present unclear.
Structure–activity relationship of [Nphe1]‐NC‐(1‐13)‐NH2, a pure and selective nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor antagonist (2001)

A series of analogs of the ORL1 receptor antagonist [Nphe1]-NC(1-13)-NH2 was prepared and tested for agonistic and antagonistic activities in the mouse vas deferens, a preparation that shows high sensitivity to nociceptin and related peptides. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the aromatic residue at the N-terminal for antagonism and eventually identify compounds with improved potency. Results indicated that all 23 compounds are inactive as agonists, and the antagonistic potency of the initial template [Nphe1]-NC(1-13)-NH2 is high (pKB 6.43) compared with those of all other compounds except [(S)(betaMe)Nphe1]NC(1-13)-NH2 (pK(B) 6.48). The other 22 compounds can be divided into two groups: 10 show antagonistic potencies (pK(B)) ranging from 5.30 to 5.86, whereas the other 12 compounds are inactive. This study clearly shows that the aromatic ring of Nphe is very critical for the interaction with the ORL1 receptor and can not be enlarged or sterically modified without significant loss of antagonistic potency.
Impact of threading dislocations on both n/p and p/n single junction GaAs cells grown on Ge/SiGe/Si substrates (2003)

Single junction GaAs solar cells having an n/p polarity were grown on p-type Ge/SiGe/Si substrates for the first time. The cell performance and material properties of these n/p cells were compared with p/n cells grown on n-type Ge/SiGe/Si substrates for which record high minority carrier hole lifetimes of 10 ns and open circuit voltages (V/sub oc/) greater than 980 mV (AM0) were achieved. The initial n/p experimental results and correlations with theoretical predictions have indicated that for comparable threading dislocation densities (TDD), n/p cells have longer minority carrier diffusion lengths, but reduced minority carrier lifetimes for electrons in the p-type GaAs base layers. This suggests that a lower TDD tolerance exists for n/p cells compared to p/n cells, which has implications for the optimization of n/p high efficiency cell designs using alternative substrates.
Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS11B Promotes Lung Cancer Growth by Enhancing Lactate Export and Glycolytic Metabolism (2018)

Pathways underlying metabolic reprogramming in cancer remain incompletely understood. We identify the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS11B as a gene that promotes transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). TMPRSS11B is upregulated in human lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), and high expression is associated with poor survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients. TMPRSS11B inhibition in human LSCCs reduces transformation and tumor growth. Given that TMPRSS11B harbors an extracellular (EC) protease domain, we hypothesized that catalysis of a membrane-bound substrate modulates tumor progression. Interrogation of a set of soluble receptors revealed that TMPRSS11B promotes solubilization of Basigin, an obligate chaperone of the lactate monocarboxylate transporter MCT4. Basigin release mediated by TMPRSS11B enhances lactate export and glycolytic metabolism, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. These findings establish an oncogenic role for TMPRSS11B and provide support for the development of therapies that target this enzyme at the surface of cancer cells.
Feature rich, enhanced grid portal for LONI (2008)

Well designed portals can provide user communities with easy and intuitive access to high performance computing resources, applications, collaborators and data. Generic portal interfaces can for example provide information about available compute resources, launch and monitor application across distributed machines, search catalogues for files and metadata. Customized interfaces can serve particular communities of users with high level tools specific for their applications and data needs, as well as provide a mechanism for these virtual organizations to share parameter files, configurations, workflows, data and visualizations.
Impact of aromatase absence on murine intraocular pressure and retinal ganglion cells (2018)

We hypothesize that aromatase, an enzyme that regulates estrogen production, plays a significant role in the control of intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). To begin to test our hypothesis, we examined the impact of aromatase absence, which completely eliminates estrogen synthesis, in male and female mice. Studies were performed with adult, age-matched wild type (WT) and aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice. IOP was measured in a masked fashion in both eyes of conscious mice at 12 and 24 weeks of age. Retinas were obtained and processed for RGC counting with a confocal microscope. IOP levels in both 12- and 24-week old female ArKO mice were significantly higher than those of age- and sex-matched WT controls. The mean increase in IOP was 7.9% in the 12-week-, and 19.7% in the 24-week-old mice, respectively. These changes were accompanied by significant 9% and 7% decreases in RGC numbers in the ArKO female mice, relative to controls, at 12- and 24-weeks, respectively. In contrast, aromatase deficiency did not lead to an increased IOP in male mice. There was a significant reduction in RGC counts in the 12-, but not 24-, week-old male ArKO mice, as compared to their age- and sex-matched WT controls. Overall, our findings show that aromatase inhibition in females is associated with elevated IOP and reduced RGC counts.
Mutations and Deletions of the CBP Gene in Human Lung Cancer (2005)

A fraction of lung cancers carried mutations and/or deletions of the CBP gene, suggesting that genetic CBP alterations are involved in the genesis and/or progression of a subset of lung cancers.
Laser‐Assisted Machining of Damage‐Free Silicon Nitride Parts with Complex Geometric Features via In‐Process Control of Laser Power (2006)

A methodology to achieve optimal operating conditions for laser‐assisted machining (LAM) is developed for silicon nitride parts with complex geometric features by applying a three‐dimensional, transient thermal model and in‐process laser power control. Complex silicon nitride parts are successfully produced by the LAM operation, where the maximum and material removal temperatures are carefully designed and controlled to achieve good machining results and avoid thermal damage on the final part. On‐line temperature and laser power measurements are conducted and compared with prescribed values to show the effectiveness of the power control scheme. Scanning electron microscopy examination reveals virtually no subsurface microcrack or thermal damage on the silicon nitride parts. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study shows the preservation of the silicon nitride microstructure and no phase transformation of β‐Si 3 N 4 during the LAM experiments. XRD residual stress measurements show moderate compressive residual stresses on the silicon nitride workpieces produced by the LAM operation.
Gallium arsenide molecular beam epitaxy: Low temperature and surfactant-mediated (2019)

The reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) specular spot intensity oscillations that were obtained during low-temperature regime and surfactant mediated regime of molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of GaAs is studied and explained using modified stochastic model and a rate equation model, respectively; The dynamics of the physisorbed As layer were introduced into the stochastic model by including the thermally activated processes of chemisorption into and evaporation out of the As physisorbed state. Increased scattering of the RHEED beam due to the higher physisorbed As coverage at 2:1 leads to a factor of 5 decrease in the steady-state amplitude of the RHEED oscillations compared to the 1:1 case. These results are in excellent agreement with the experimental results. A factor in maintaining this growth mode is that arsenic stays in the physisorbed state with lifetimes in the range of 10{dollar}\sp{-3}{dollar} to 10{dollar}\sp{-5}{dollar} seconds and incorporates only when an appropriate configuration of Ga atoms forms on the surface; Beating in the reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillations were observed during molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth of GaAs with Sn as a surfactant. A rate equation model of growth was developed to explain this phenomenon by assuming that the GaAs covered by the Sn grows at a faster rate compared to the GaAs not covered by Sn. Assuming that the electron beams reflected from the Sn covered surface and the rest of the surface are incoherent, the results of the dependence of the RHEED oscillations on Sn submonolayer coverages for various Sn coverages were obtained and compared with experimental data and the qualitative agreement is very good. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Analysis of the duality of three phase PWM converters with DC voltage link and DC current link (2003)

The duality of three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters with DC current and DC voltage links is analyzed by means of space-vector calculus for the example of a forced commutated rectifier system. The power-invariant transformation of the converter phase voltages or line currents into complex image quantities (space vectors) allows the presentation of the converter system as a complex space-vector voltage source or current source; its initial value is defined by the switching status of the converter system. The modulation principles (e.g., optimized pulse patterns) known from converters using DC voltage link systems, the guidelines concerning the dimensioning of power circuit components, and considerations relating to control are applied to the theory governing DC current link converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 2-W GaN-based three-level class-D power amplifier with tunable back-off efficiency (2017)

This paper presents a voltage-mode three-level class-D gallium nitride (GaN) power amplifier (PA) for the 700MHz band. The PA achieves a drain efficiency of 68.7%, at a maximum output power of 2.1 W and a drain efficiency of 71.6% at 9-dB power back-off. The optimum power back-off is easily changed from 3 to 12 dB by tuning the supply voltage to the IC without degrading the peak efficiency. The PA consists of a single monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) without a power combiner. This is, to our best knowledge, the simplest architecture offering high back-off efficiency.
Multi-dimensional wavefront sensing using volumetric meta-optics (2023)

The ideal imaging system would efficiently capture information about all fundamental properties light: intensity, direction, wavelength, and polarization. Most common imaging systems only map the spatial degrees of freedom of light onto a two dimensional image sensor, with some wavelength and/or polarization discrimination added at the expense of efficiency. Thus, one of the most intriguing problems in optics is how to group and classify multiple degrees of freedom and map them on the two dimensional sensor space. Here we demonstrate through simulation that volumetric meta-optics elements consisting of a highly scattering, inverse-designed medium structured with subwavelength resolution can sort light simultaneously based on direction, wavelength and polarization. This is done by mapping these properties to a distinct combination of pixels on the image sensor for compressed sensing applications, including wavefront sensing, beam profiling, and next-generation plenoptic sensors.
Inhibitory effects of compounds isolated from Dioscorea batatas Decne peel on particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury in mice (2019)

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm, is the primary air pollutant that plays a key role associated with lung injury produced by loss of vascular barrier integrity. <i>Dioscorea batatas</i> Decne (Chinese yam), a perennial plant belonging to Dioscoreaceae family, is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions across Asia. Both aerial parts and root of <i>D. batatas</i> are consumed for nutritional and medicinal purposes. The aim of this study was to (1) identify the bioactive compounds present in <i>D. batatas</i> peel which may be responsible for inhibition of PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice and (2) examine <i>in vitro</i> mechanisms underlying the observed effects of these compounds on mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells. The measured parameters include permeability, leukocyte migration, proinflammatory protein activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and histology. Two phenanthrene compounds, 2,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenanthrene (1) and 6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (2) were isolated from <i>D. batatas</i> peels. Both these phenanthrene compounds exhibited significant scavenging activity against PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced ROS and inhibited ROS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, enhancement of Akt pathway, involved in the maintenance of endothelial integrity, was noted. These phenanthrene compounds also reduced vascular protein leakage, leukocyte infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced lung tissues. Evidence thus indicates that phenanthrene compounds derived from <i>D. batatas</i> may exhibit protective effects against PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced inflammatory lung injury and vascular hyperpermeability in mice.
Mechanisms of Autoxidation of the Oxygen Sensor FixL and Aplysia Myoglobin:  Implications for Oxygen-Binding Heme Proteins (1998)

On exposure to oxygen, ferrous heme is thought to autoxidize via three distinct mechanisms: (i) dissociation of protonated superoxide from oxyheme; (ii) reaction between a noncoordinated oxygen molecule and pentacoordinate deoxyheme, and (iii) reaction between a noncoordinated oxygen molecule and an intermediate having water coordinated to the ferrous heme iron. The formation of a hexacoordinate aquomet (H2O.Fe3+) species has been proposed to drive mechanism (iii); consequently, heme proteins with a pentacoordinate met (Fe3+) form might be expected to lack this pathway. We have measured the dependence of autoxidation rate on oxygen concentration for Rhizobium meliloti FixL and Aplysia kurodai myoglobin, which have pentacoordinate met forms. For both proteins, the bell shape of this dependence shows that they autoxidize primarily by mechanism (iii), indicating that a hexacoordinate aquomet species is not required for this mechanism. A novel presentation of the oxygen dependence of autoxidation rates that uses heme saturation, rather than oxygen concentration, more clearly reveals the relative contributions of autoxidation pathways.
Synthesis of pyridine functionalised, sterically hindered lithium and copper (I) alkyls; crystal structures of [{2-(Me3Si)2C(M)C5H4N}2](M = Li or Cu), dimeric compounds free of multicentre bonding (1983)

Reactions of 2-bis (trimethylsilyl) methylpyridine, (1), with LiBun in hexane–diethyl ether, and LiBun in tetrahydrofuran followed by CuCl, yields thermally robust binuclear complexes [{2-(Me3Si)C2(M)C5H4N}2] for M = Li and M = Cu respectively in which the metal is not involved in electron deficient bonding, being bound by Cα of one ligand and the nitrogen of a centrosymmetrically related ligand and has a close metal contact [M ⋯ M 2.560(9)(Li) and 2.412(1)Å(Cu)].
Data Mining for Improving Textbooks (invited paper) (2011)

We present our early explorations into developing a data mining based approach for enhancing the quality of textbooks. We describe a diagnostic tool to algorithmically identify deficient sections in textbooks. We also discuss techniques for algorithmically augmenting textbook sections with links to selective content mined from the Web. Our evaluation, employing widely-used textbooks from India, indicates that developing technological approaches to help improve textbooks holds promise.