gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PLUMS: A Program for the Rapid Optimization of Focused Libraries. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Coexistence of a new type of bound state in the continuum and a lasing threshold mode induced by PT symmetry (2020)

Some photonic systems support bound states in the continuum (BICs) that have infinite lifetimes, although their frequencies and momenta are matched to vacuum modes. Using a prototypical system that can be treated analytically, we show that each of these BICs always splits into a pair of new type BIC and lasing threshold mode when a parity-time (PT)-symmetric perturbation is introduced. The radiation loss at the lasing threshold is exactly balanced by the net gain of the particles. These PT symmetry-induced BICs are different from ordinary BICs, as they can be excited by an external source but do not radiate, and they carry a different quality factor divergence rate from that of the ordinary BICs. While most of the attention of PT-symmetric systems is captured by the coalescence of modes at exceptional points, the splitting of ordinary BICs is a new phenomenon that illustrates the rich physics embedded in PT-symmetric systems.
Expression of influenza virus NS2 nonstructural protein in bacteria and localization of NS2 in infected eucaryotic cells (1985)

The nonstructural NS2 protein of influenza A/PR/8/34 virus was efficiently expressed in bacteria, and monospecific antisera were prepared against the bacterially synthesized polypeptide. These antisera were cross-reactive among the NS2 proteins of various influenza A viruses. However, they did not react with the NS2 of influenza B/Lee/40 virus nor with other proteins of influenza A viruses such as NS1. Antisera against NS2 were used to determine that the NS2 protein is localized in the cell nucleus during influenza virus infection, as shown by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cells infected with simian virus 40 recombinants containing the influenza virus NS gene revealed that both the NS1 and NS2 proteins appeared in the nucleus, even in the absence of expression of other influenza virus-specific components.
Polymorphism in the Assembly of Phase-Segregated Block Molecules: Pathway Control to 1D and 2D Nanostructures (2019)

Nanomaterials with highly ordered, one- or two-dimensional molecular morphologies have promising properties for adaptive materials. Here, we present the synthesis and structural characterization of dinitrohydrazone (hydz) functionalized oligodimethylsiloxanes (<i>o</i>DMSs) of discrete length, which form both 1- and 2D nanostructures by precisely controlling composition and temperature. The morphologies are highly ordered due to the discrete nature of the siloxane oligomers. Columnar, 1D structures are formed from the melt within a few seconds as a result of phase segregation in combination with π-π stacking of the hydrazones. By tuning the length of the siloxane, the synergy between these interactions is observed which results in a highly temperature sensitive material. Macroscopically, this gives a material that switches reversibly and fast between an ordered, solid and a disordered, liquid state at almost equal temperatures. Ordered, 2D lamellar structures are formed under thermodynamic control by cold crystallization of the hydrazones in the amorphous siloxane bulk via a slow process. We elucidate the 1- and 2D morphologies from the nanometer to molecular level by the combined use of solid state NMR and X-ray scattering. The exact packing of the hydrazone rods within the cylinders and lamellae surrounded the liquid-like siloxane matrix is clarified. These results demonstrate that controlling the assembly pathway in the bulk and with that, tuning the nanostructure dimensions and domain spacings, material properties are altered for applications in nanotechnology or thermoresponsive materials.
Increased electrical conductivity of peptides through annealing process (2017)

Biocompatible biologically occurring polymer is suggested as a component of human implantable devices since conventional inorganic materials are apt to trigger inflammation and toxicity problem within human body. Peptides consisting of aromatic amino acid, tyrosine, are chosen, and enhancement on electrical conductivity is studied. Annealing process gives rise to the decrease on resistivity of the peptide films and the growth of the carrier concentration is a plausible reason for such a decrease on resistivity. The annealed peptides are further applied to an active layer of field effect transistor, in which low on/off current ratio (∼10) is obtained.
A terabit IP switch router using optoelectronic technology (1999)

Terabit IP switch router is a key to the success of next generation Internet (NGI) with its backbone capacity supporting exponentially increasing traffic. The challenges in designing a terabit IP switch router include (1) a large capacity switch fabric providing high speed interconnection for a number of smaller capacity router modules, and (2) a fast arbitration scheme resolving output contention within stringent time constraint while achieving high throughput and low delay. In this paper, an input-output buffered switch architecture with a speedup of two is employed; our simulation results show that it can nearly achieve the theoretic bound in average delay/throughput performance of an output buffered switch. We propose a 256\times 256 multicast optical interconnection network (OIN) based on advanced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology as the switch fabric for terabit IP switch routers. Its component and interconnection complexity, and power budget are evaluated. A novel ping-pong arbitration (PPA) scheme is used to solve the output contention in the OIN. The arbitration time of an N-input switch can be achieved in the order of \log_4\lceil N/2\rceil. For instance, with N=256 the arbitration can be completed in 11 gates delay, less than 5 ns using the current CMOS technology, showing that the PPA scheme can support multiple terabit/s switch capacity.
Bcl-x1 Bax Interaction after Transient Global Ischemia (1998)

Five minutes of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the Mongolian gerbil results in a selective, delayed death of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Although Bcl-2 appears to protect a variety of cells from cell death, the precise role of this apoptosis-regulating protein is complicated. We used immunoblots to estimate levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-x(l), and Bax at various times after carotid occlusion. Rather than Bcl-2, Bcl-x(l) appears to be the predominant neuroprotective form of this family of proto-oncogenes in the gerbil hippocampus. After transient ischemia, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(l) protein levels remained the same. However, Bax levels were dramatically increased at 6 hours after ischemia, compared with sham-operated animals, and were still elevated at 72 hours after ischemia. To monitor dimerization interactions among theses apoptosis-regulating molecules, immunoprecipitation studies were conducted. These studies demonstrated that Bcl-x(l) association with Bax increases after ischemia. Therefore, Bax may disrupt the more favorable Bcl-x(l) (Bcl-2) interactions necessary for normal neuronal functioning and thus promote transient ischemic death.
Flexible Backhaul Resource Sharing and Uplink Power Control Optimization in LTE-Advanced Relay Networks (2011)

Type 1 inband relaying, as being standardized in 3GPP LTE-Advanced, supports a relaying mode where the backhaul link transmission is time-division multiplexed with the access link transmission, whereas macro users share the same resources with the relays. Hence, system performance depends strongly on the resource sharing and allocation strategy among and within the different links. Moreover, the set of subframes assigned for the backhaul transmission is semi-statically configured and thus a dynamic reconfiguration to adapt to fast-changing system conditions, e.g. relay cell load, is not viable. In order to tackle the above issues, we propose a statistic-based over-provisioned backhaul subframe allocation to be utilized for flexible co scheduling of relays and macro users at the donor eNB. In addition, a power control optimization is investigated to enhance overall system performance and to reduce the donor eNB receiver dynamic range. Performance evaluation is carried out within the LTE Advanced uplink context in urban and suburban scenarios. Results as well show that the proposed scheme achieves significant throughput gains.
Retinoic acid inhibition of human melanoma cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane and its relation to decreases in the expression of proteolytic enzymes and motility factor receptor. (1990)

Treatment of four A375 human melanoma sublines (A375, A375P, A375P-5, A375M), exhibiting distinct metastatic potentials in vivo, with beta-all-trans-retinoic acid in vitro caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of the ability of these cells to penetrate Matrigel-coated filters using a reconstituted basement membrane invasion assay. The possible mechanisms of action responsible for the antiinvasive effect were further investigated, and the data showed that compared with untreated cells the retinoic acid-treated cells: (a) secreted lower levels of collagenolytic enzymes, as demonstrated by a decreased ability of the cells to degrade [3H]proline-labeled type IV collagen substrate and by a reduction in the activity of a secreted Mr 64,000 collagenolytic enzyme detected in type IV collagen-containing polyacrylamide gels; (b) expressed lower levels of the human type IV collagenase mRNA (except in the A375P cells), as detected by Northern blot analysis; (c) exhibited decreased levels of tissue plasminogen activator activity, as demonstrated by a chromogenic assay; (d) were 10-40% less adhesive to a reconstituted basement membrane matrix, as determined by a 60-min Na2(51)CrO4-labeled cell attachment assay; (e) exhibited an increase in the high affinity metastasis-associated cell surface laminin receptor, as determined by flow cytometry after binding of fluorescently labeled laminin receptor antibody; and (f) expressed decreased amounts of gp78, a cell surface receptor for motility factor, demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Collectively, these data suggest that retinoic acid inhibits tumor cell invasion through a basement membrane-like matrix by suppressing matrix degradation and by altering cell surface receptors.
The Positive Allosteric Modulator of Alpha-2/3-Containing γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors, KRM-II-81, Is Active in Pharmacoresistant Models of Epilepsy and in Human Epileptic Tissue (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy patients continue to suffer from the lack of efficacious medications. Recent attention has been directed toward the potential advantages of developing positive allosteric modulators of alpha-2/3-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors as antiepileptic drugs. A proof of principle has been reported with one such molecule in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. KRM-II-81 (5- (8-ethynyl-6- (pyridin-2-yl)-4H-benzo[f]imidazole[1,5-alpha][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)oxazole) is an orally-bioavailable compound recently designed for selectivity at alpha-2/3-containing GABAA receptors over the alpha-1-subtype involved in motor-impairing effects. KRM-II-81 has recently been reported to dampen seizure activity in rodents induced by acute and chronic seizure provocation. KRM-II-81 was often more efficacious than diazepam as an anticonvulsant while producing less motor impairment than diazepam. The reduced motor impact of KRM-II-81 is hypothesized to enable higher central target exposure and hence increased efficacy. METHODS: The effects of KRM-II-81 were investigated in a mouse mesial temporal lobe model and a rat lamotrigine-resistant kindling model. We also explored the antiepileptic electrophysiological effects of KRM-II-81 in cortical slices from epileptic pediatric patients to help guide the development of novel compounds that might be valuable against antiepileptic drug-resistant epilepsies. RESULTS: Mice with kainate-induced mesial temporal lobe seizures exhibited spontaneous recurrent hippocampal paroxysmal discharges (16.8 +/-2.5). KRM-II-81 significantly reduced the discharge frequency to 5.5 +/-1.4 after oral dosing at 15 mg/kg. KRM-II-81 also decreased convulsions in rats undergoing amygdala kindling in the presence of lamotrigine. In slices of epileptic cortex, KRM-II-81 produced a concentration-dependent dampening of network activity engendered by the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin or the K+-channel modulator 4-aminopyridine. CONCLUSION: This study provides increased levels of confidence regarding the unique anticonvulsant profile of KRM-II-81 and its potential as an improved antiepileptic drug. The data also help to solidify the veracity of alpha-2/3-containing GABAA receptors as a novel molecular target for antiepileptic drugs.
High-efficiency low-crosstalk dielectric metasurfaces of mid-wave infrared focal plane arrays (2017)

High-resolution compact-size focal plane arrays (FPAs) suffer the fundamental geometrical tradeoff between the optical resolution (pixel size miniaturization) and the optical crosstalk (spillover of neighboring pixel focusing). For FPAs, our previously reported metallic metasurfaces reached an unprecedented level of crosstalk suppression. However, practical utilization of these metallic microlens arrays has proved to be intrinsically limited due to the low device efficiency (of the order of 0.10) resulting from the fundamental absorption losses of metals and their cross-polarization scheme. Exceeding this limit, here we show highly efficient microlens designs enabled by dielectric metasurfaces for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) operation. These dielectric MWIR FPAs allow for a substantially high device efficiency over 0.80 without compromising the optical crosstalk performance. Systematically studying dielectric nanoantennas of silicon nanodisks that do not dictate the cross-polarization scheme using full-wave solutions, we found that the optical crosstalk is suppressed to low levels ≤ 3.0% while sustaining the high efficiency. A figure-of-merit (FoM) defined for the device performance as the focusing efficiency per optical crosstalk times the f-number achieves 84, which is superior to all other types of MWIR FPAs reported to date, all falling below a maximum FoM of 70. These findings indicate that the proposed approach can pave the way for the practical usage of metasurface microlens arrays in MWIR.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of Iron Azadiene and Diene Complexes. Reaction of (η2‐RCHCHCOR′)Fe(CO)4 with Aniline and Ylide. (1990)

Abstract The complexes (IIIb) and (IIIc) are stable up to ca. 110 °C, whereas their azadiene ligands are too reactive to be isolated.
Determination of volatile flavor components, sugars, and ascorbic, dehydroascorbic, and other organic acids in calamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of volatile flavor components, sugars, and ascorbic, dehydroascorbic, and other organic acids in calamondin (Citrus mitis Blanco)Myrna O. Nisperos-Carriedo, Elizabeth A. Baldwin, Manuel G. Moshonas, and Philip E. ShawCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 12, 2464–2466Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00024a025Request reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (361 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition of the Enantiomer of (‐)‐Steviamine, the First Example of a New Class of Indolizidine Alkaloid. (2010)

Abstract Weak inhibitory activity is found for (+)‐I, its C‐5 epimer and natural (‐)‐(I).
Carbon dioxide sorption and transport in polycarbonate (1976)

Abstract The solubility, permeability, and diffusion time lag for carbon dioxide in polycarbonate are reported at 35°C for pressures ranging from 1 atm to 23 atm. The solubility data are very well described by the dual sorption mechanism model, Henry's law plus Langmuir adsorption, proposed for glassy polymers. Both the permeability and time lag decrease with increased CO 2 pressure. These observations are not consistent with the proposal that CO 2 sorbed by the Langmuir contribution is totally immobilized; however, all of the results are entirely consistent with an extension of this proposal which considers partial immobilization. The data have been quantitatively analyzed in terms of this partial immobilization model, and the results suggest for polycarbonate at 35°C that the CC 2 sorbed by the Langmuir portion of the isotherm behaves as if it has only about 10% of the mobility of the gas sorbed by the Henry's law part of the isotherm. The results have also been interpreted in terms of a concentration‐dependent diffusion coefficient which is shown to be mathematically equivalent to the partial immobilization model. The latter model was also formulated in thermodynamic terms, whereby fugacity was used rather than pressure, and diffusion coefficients were defined in terms of chemical potential gradients rather than concentration, but the consequences of these changes proved to be minor and no better. The significance of these observations and their interpretation is discussed.
A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: The Problem of Helminthiases (2012)

A disproportionate burden of helminthiases in human populations occurs in marginalised, low-income, and resource-constrained regions of the world, with over 1 billion people in developing areas of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas infected with one or more helminth species. The morbidity caused by such infections imposes a substantial burden of disease, contributing to a vicious circle of infection, poverty, decreased productivity, and inadequate socioeconomic development. Furthermore, helminth infection accentuates the morbidity of malaria and HIV/AIDS, and impairs vaccine efficacy. Polyparasitism is the norm in these populations, and infections tend to be persistent. Hence, there is a great need to reduce morbidity caused by helminth infections. However, major deficiencies exist in diagnostics and interventions, including vector control, drugs, and vaccines. Overcoming these deficiencies is hampered by major gaps in knowledge of helminth biology and transmission dynamics, platforms from which to help develop such tools. The Disease Reference Group on Helminths Infections (DRG4), established in 2009 by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), was given the mandate to review helminthiases research and identify research priorities and gaps. In this review, we provide an overview of the forces driving the persistence of helminthiases as a public health problem despite the many control initiatives that have been put in place; identify the main obstacles that impede progress towards their control and elimination; and discuss recent advances, opportunities, and challenges for the understanding of the biology, epidemiology, and control of these infections. The helminth infections that will be discussed include: onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, soil-transmitted helminthiases, schistosomiasis, food-borne trematodiases, and taeniasis/cysticercosis.
An Experimental Study of Counterflow Diffusion Flames Subject to Flame Stretch Gradients. (2004)

The flame stretch effect on counterflow diffusion flames has been experimentally investigated in the configuration of Tsuji burner in terms of the OH radical emission intensity and temperature. This is motivated by our previous study about flame base structures of turbulent lifted diffusion flames which showed lower quenching scalar dissipation rates at tips of the bases than those of the counterflow diffusion flames. Counterflow diffusion flames subject to flame stretch gradients, called edge flames, are examined to model flamelets at the lifted flame bases. Fuels are methane and propane. It is found that the increase in the scalar dissipation rate leads to the enhancement of reaction in the fully burning condition, because the OH radical emission intensity reflecting the reaction rate increases with the flame stretch until the extinction. This reveals that the effect of the finite reaction is limited to a narrow range near the quenching scalar dissipation and the Damkohler number dose not decrease monotonously. Extinctions of edge flames take place at lower flame stretches than those of the counterflow diffusion flames under the uniform flame stretch. The flame stretch gradient weekends the edge flame and quenches at a lower flame stretch. It is also found that the flame edge reacts strongly by the enhancement of the diffusion of reactants and radicals at the edge.
Comparison of the Fouling Release Properties of Hydrophobic Fluorinated and Hydrophilic PEGylated Block Copolymer Surfaces:  Attachment Strength of the Diatom Navicula and the Green Alga Ulva (2006)

To understand the role of surface wettability in adhesion of cells, the attachment of two different marine algae was studied on hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer surfaces. Adhesion of cells of the diatom Navicula and sporelings (young plants) of the green macroalga Ulva to an underwater surface is mainly by interactions between the surface and the adhesive exopolymers, which the cells secrete upon settlement and during subsequent colonization and growth. Two types of block copolymers, one with poly(ethylene glycol) side-chains and the other with liquid crystalline, fluorinated side-chains, were used to prepare the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, respectively. The formation of a liquid crystalline smectic phase in the latter inhibited molecular reorganization at the surface, which is generally an issue when a highly hydrophobic surface is in contact with water. The adhesion strength was assessed by the fraction of settled cells (Navicula) or biomass (Ulva) that detached from the surface in a water flow channel with a wall shear stress of 53 Pa. The two species exhibited opposite adhesion behavior on the same sets of surfaces. While Navicula cells released more easily from hydrophilic surfaces, Ulva sporelings showed higher removal from hydrophobic surfaces. This highlights the importance of differences in cell-surface interactions in determining the strength of adhesion of cells to substrates.