gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible Intercalation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride with Brønsted Acids (2013)

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is an insulating compound that is structurally similar to graphite. Like graphene, single sheets of BN are atomically flat, and they are of current interest in few-layer hybrid devices, such as transistors and capacitors, that contain insulating components. While graphite and other layered compounds can be intercalated by redox reactions and then converted chemically to suspensions of single sheets, insulating BN is not susceptible to oxidative intercalation except by extremely strong oxidizing agents. We report that stage-1 intercalation compounds can be formed by simple thermal drying of h-BN in Brønsted acids H2SO4, H3PO4, and HClO4. X-ray photoelectron and vibrational spectra, as well as electronic structure and molecular dynamics calculations, demonstrate that noncovalent interactions of these oxyacids with the basic N atoms of the sheets drive the intercalation process.
A Study of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Eutectic In-Sn Solder Added Ag (2015)

In this study, effect of Ag addition on microstructure of In-48 wt%Sn solder was investigated to improve mechanical properties. The microstructure of In-Sn-Ag solder was formed by β phase, γ phase and two different intermetallic compounds (IMCs) which are Ag2In and AgIn2. Ag2In in In-Sn-Ag solder improves the mechanical strength but deteriorates the ductility. However, AgIn2 enhances the ductility but decreases the mechanical strength. To improve the both mechanical strength and ductility, control of the amount of Ag2In and AgIn2 was found to be important, and 3 wt% Ag addition was found to improve both mechanical strength and ductility of In-48 wt%Sn solder.
New Materials - The Potential of Modern Synthetic Chemistry (1998)

Materials of construction will exert a much greater influence on cultural developments of advanced societies than in the past. Research in materials science will have to be given a high interdisciplinary priority in countries with the right scientific and technological background. Particularly in the case of this developing area, science will have to emerge from its classical compartmentalization as soon as possible because further progress will require joint consideration of chemical, physical, and, where appropriate, biological aspects, while exploiting to the creative scope of engineering. Beyond that, it will become more important than ever to combine science and engineering and derive an innovative materials technology from the more contemplative discipline of materials science.
Über die Reaktion von Diphosphorpentoxid mit flüssigem Ammoniak (1967)

Abstract P 4 O 10 und absolut wasserfreies, flüssiges Ammoniak reagieren erst bei Temperaturen oberhalb 25°C miteinander. Wird die NH ‐Ionenkonzentration durch Spuren von Wasser oder NH 4 Cl in der Größenordnung einiger ppm erhöht, tritt auch bei tiefen Temperaturen Reaktion ein. Bei Wassergehalten zwischen 10 −5 und 8% reagieren P 4 O 10 und NH 3 miteinander, ohne daß Wasser verbraucht wird. Das P/N‐Verhältnis im Reaktionsprodukt erreicht bei Temperaturen zwischen −40°C und −70°C nach 4 Stunden einen Maximalwert von 1/1,91; bei +42°C erreicht das P/N‐Verhältnis nach 2 Monaten einen Maximalwert von 1/2,35. Die Reaktionsprodukte wurden durch zweidimensionale und präparative Dünnschichtchromatographie sowie durch Auswertung der IR‐Absorptionsspektren qualitativ und quantitativ analysiert. Für die Ammonolyse bei tiefen Temperaturen konnte aus den Meßergebnissen ein Reaktionsmechanismus abgeleitet werden, dem die dirigierende Wirkung von Amidogruppen( 1 ) zugrunde gelegt wurde. Als Zwischenprodukt tritt bei der Ammonolyse nur Diamidotetrametaphosphat, jedoch kein Trimetaphosphat auf.
Mechanical properties and degradation process of biliary self‐expandable biodegradable stents (2020)

Our results showed that PDO/PLLA BS maintained their original shape and radial force for a relatively long time and minimized adverse events.
Subjective Shoulder Value for Sport Is a Simple, Reliable, and Valid Score to Assess Shoulder Function in Athletes (2023)

Level III, cohort study (diagnosis).
Projection of Colored Slides on a Large Screen (1961)

Photography has made important advances during the last decade. It is a more effective aid than wax models and colored photographs can also frequently be used instead of living patients for lectures and meetings. This is important in teaching, because patients do not like to be examined by a large number of students. Our experience with the use of colored television in demonstrating dermatological cases at the Geneva medical society led us to believe that there is an advantage in projecting the picture on a large screen. For this reason we have experimented in attempting to project our colored slides (24 X 36 mm.) on a large screen which is 5 X 5 meters. The projectors which are now available are equipped with an object glass having a focal distance varying between 75 and 85 mm. An object glass having a focal distance of 80 mm. makes it possible to project the slides with
Pro‐opiomelanocortin gene is expressed in post‐implantation mouse embryos and enhances growth potential of myogenic cells (1993)

We previously showed that the adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) is a mitogen for myoblasts and is present in post-implantation mammalian embryos (Cossu et al. [1989] Dev. Biol. 131:331-336; De Angelis et al. [1992] Dev. Biol. 151:446-458). In this paper, we investigated the expression of the corresponding gene, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. In situ analysis revealed low level expression in the basal layer of 10.5 d.p.c. neural tube and in several discrete areas around the dorsal aorta. By more sensitive Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, expression was detected also in developing limb buds and in cultured myogenic cells, but not in fibroblasts. To investigate the possible role of POMC gene expression in myogenesis, we induced its over-expression in proliferating myoblasts. Upon sub-optimal growth conditions, over-expressing cells were found to give rise to clones larger than control cells. The differentiation potential of POMC over-expressing myogenic cells was unchanged.
The structures of additional teleocidin class tumor promoters. (1986)

The known tumor promoter des-O-methylolivoretin C, and a new possible tumor promoter, des-N-methylteleocidin B-4, were isolated from Streptomyces mediocidicus and the structure of the latter metabolite was elucidated by chemical correlation with the known teleocidin B-4. The structures of teleocidin B-2 and a new metabolite, olivoretin E, obtained from Streptomyces mediocidicus and Streptoverticillium olivoreticuli respectively, were determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cells (2015)

Abstract Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 2‐Dialkylaminoethylamino Substituted Xanthenone and Thioxanthenone Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bridge Sensing System using Super Acoustic Sensor (2020)

1．はじめに
Gene expression-based screening for inhibitors of PDGFR signaling (2008)

Here we describe a proof-of-concept experiment designed to explore the possibility of using gene expression-based high-throughput screening (GE-HTS) to find inhibitors of a signaling cascade, using platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling as the example. The previously unrecognized ability of aurintricarboxylic acid to inhibit PDGFR signaling, discovered through a screen of 1,739 compounds, demonstrates the feasibility and generalizability of GE-HTS for the discovery of small molecule modulators of any signaling pathway of interest.
Plurality in HIV Genetics (2018)

This chapter presents plurality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genetics. The HIV–1 and HIV–2 proteases differ by a little more, 52%. No one would doubt the considerable differences in design, metabolism, and lifestyle separating us and chickens. Many attempts have been made to find out whether HIV, or other viruses, escape specific immune responses by ongoing mutation. Despite a genomic mutation rate some 3–5 fold greater than HIV, there is no data indicating that, de novo, influenza A variation is necessary to sustain the infection. HIV-1 envelope protein variation is approaching 30–40%. Intrapatient variation for the same region can approach 10% within ten years or so. Viruses from no two patients are strictly alike. The generation times of the two are vastly different, ~1 day for HIV and ~25 years for man. Normalizing for this yields a 100–500-fold higher mutation fixation rate per generation for HIV with respect to humans.
Hall mobility measurements in enhancement-mode GaAs field-effect transistors with Al2O3 gate dielectric (2010)

We report the direct measurement of the inversion charge density and electron mobility in enhancement-mode n-channel GaAs transistors using gated Hall bars. The Hall data reveal the existence of a reduced mobile charge density in the channel due to significant charge trapping. The peak electron mobility was found to be relatively high (∼2140 cm2/V s), in agreement with inherent high carrier mobility of electrons in III-V materials.
D-VHS VCR for the digital broadcasting system (2002)

A new VCR for the digital broadcasting systems based on the D-VHS format has been developed. It can record digital bit stream data from the digital broadcasting receiver in addition to the current VHS analog recording, using a D-VHS tape which contains the same material as a S-VHS tape.
TCP over end-to-end ABR: a study of TCP performance with end-to-end rate control and stochastic available capacity (2002)

We develop an analysis in which we compare the performance of TCP, with and without end-to-end ATM/ABR transport, when the network bandwidth is shared with time-varying CBR/VBR traffic. We show that, over ABR, the performance of TCP improves by more than 20% if the network bottleneck bandwidth variations are slow. Further, we find that TCP over ABR is relatively insensitive to the bottleneck buffer size. We then validate the analytical results with results from a hybrid simulation on a TCP testbed that we have developed. We use this simulation to study two mechanisms for bottleneck rate feedback at the ABR level. We find that an effective capacity based feedback is adaptive to the rate of bandwidth variations at the bottleneck link, and thus yields good performance over a wide range of rates of bottleneck bandwidth variation.
Five‐lipoxygenase inhibitors can mediate apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines through complex eicosanoid interactions (2001)

Many arachidonic acid metabolites function in growth signaling for epithelial cells, and we previously reported the expression of the major arachidonic acid enzymes in human breast cancer cell lines. To evaluate the role of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway on breast cancer growth regulation, we exposed cells to insulinlike growth factor-1 or transferrin, which increased the levels of the 5-LO metabolite, 5(S)-hydrooxyeicosa-6E,8C,11Z,14Z-tetraenoic acid (5-HETE), by radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography. Addition of 5-HETE to breast cancer cells resulted in growth stimulation, whereas selective biochemical inhibitors of 5-LO reduced the levels of 5-HETE and related metabolites. Application of 5-LO or 5-LO activating protein-directed inhibitors, but not a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, reduced growth, increased apoptosis, down-regulated bcl-2, up-regulated bax, and increased G1 arrest. Exposure of breast cancer cells to a 5-LO inhibitor up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)a and PPARg expression, and these same cells were growth inhibited when exposed to relevant PPAR agonists. These results suggest that disruption of the 5-LO signaling pathway mediates growth arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Additional experiments suggest that this involves the interplay of several factors, including the loss of growth stimulation by 5-LO products, the induction of PPARg, and the potential activation of PPARg by interactions with shunted endoperoxides.
Epitaxial lift-off of low band gap subcells for multijunction solar cell devices (2017)

International audience
Cell-Specific Calcineurin Inhibition by a Modified Cyclosporin (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCell-Specific Calcineurin Inhibition by a Modified CyclosporinPeter J. Belshaw and Stuart L. SchreiberView Author Information Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7, 1805–1806Publication Date (Web):February 19, 1997Publication History Received16 October 1996Published online19 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9636146https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9636146rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Assays,Cell signaling,Genetics,Inhibition,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Acquired Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Bedaquiline (2014)

Bedaquiline (BDQ), an ATP synthase inhibitor, is the first drug to be approved for treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in decades. In vitro resistance to BDQ was previously shown to be due to target-based mutations. Here we report that non-target based resistance to BDQ, and cross-resistance to clofazimine (CFZ), is due to mutations in Rv0678, a transcriptional repressor of the genes encoding the MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux pump. Efflux-based resistance was identified in paired isolates from patients treated with BDQ, as well as in mice, in which it was confirmed to decrease bactericidal efficacy. The efflux inhibitors verapamil and reserpine decreased the minimum inhibitory concentrations of BDQ and CFZ in vitro, but verapamil failed to increase the bactericidal effect of BDQ in mice and was unable to reverse efflux-based resistance in vivo. Cross-resistance between BDQ and CFZ may have important clinical implications.
Effect of PDL1 signaling blockade on NK cell cytolytic activity towards ovarian cancer. (2018)

13 Background: The PD-1/PDL-1 axis is an immuno-oncology target for abrogating immune suppression. Anti-PD1 targeted mAb therapy has had success in several indications by alleviating suppression of cytolytic T cells. In addition to T cells, NK cells hold promise for adoptive applications for oncology. We developed a nanoparticle based stimulation method for producing large quantities (&gt; 1,000 fold expansion within two weeks) of highly activated NK cells with high anti-tumor cytotoxicity and enhanced cytokine delivery. These NK cells (PM21-NK) release high amounts of IFNγ in response to tumors that stimulates the expression of PDL1 on tumor, which in turn enhances Treg development. Methods: The ability of PM21-NK cells to induce expression of PDL-1 on tumors was tested in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of combination treatment of PM21-NK cells and anti-PDL1 was tested in NSG mice models for ovarian cancer. Results: The IFNγ production by PM21-NK cells increased from 1.4% to 9.9% (p &lt; 0.001) upon exposure to SKOV-3 cells. SKOV-3 cells normally do not express PDL1 but PDL1 expression increased with 48 hours exposure to 20 ng/mL IFNγ (0.7% vs 65.1%). In and in vivo experiment, NSG mice intraperitoneally implanted with 1 x 10 6 SKOV-3 cells were treated with 10 7 T-cell depleted PM21-NK cells i.p. on days 8 and 13 and 25,000 U IL2 i.p. thrice weekly. Upon euthanization 21 days after tumor seeding, tumors in PM21-NK treated mice had increased PDL1+ tumors vs the untreated group (29.7% vs 14.5%, n = 6, p &lt; 0.0001). Despite T-cell depletion, T-cells made up ~22% of hCD45+ events in perfused tumors, 83% of which were Tregs. In a follow-up survival experiment, combination treatment of anti-PDL1 and NK cells were tested in SKOV-3 implanted NSG mice (as above). Groups of mice were given 10 7 T-cell depleted PM-NK or vehicle i.p. days 4 and 7 and 25,000 U IL2 3x’s weekly and groups were given 10 mg/kg anti-PDL1 (Atezolizumab) or vehicle ctrl. on day 4 and later 5 mg/kg twice weekly. Untreated and Atezo alone survival were 24 and 23.5 days, respectively. Median survival for PM-NK + Atezo was 48 days compared to 40.5 for PM-NK alone (p = 0.042; n = 8). Conclusions: These data support the use of anti-PDL1 in NK cell therapy regardless of initial tumor PDL1 status.
Abdominal Wall Hernias After Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Prospective Radiographic Detection and Clinical Implications (2004)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of radiographically detected abdominal wall defects (AWD) after open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and to correlate it with prospectively gathered clinical information. Fine collimation, high-resolution, serial follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans for 99 patients in the control group of the Guidant Ancure device trial were reviewed. CT scans were obtained at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. AWDs, defined as discontinuity of the fascial layer with protrusion of abdominal contents, were identified. Clinical information regarding AWDs was retrieved from the study registry. The prevalence of AWD exceeds 20% and plateaus at 24 months. Eight patients (8%) had clinical evidence of ventral incisional hernias. One patient underwent repair, but no other patient developed hernia incarceration or intestinal obstruction or required additional procedures related to the AWD. AWDs are radiographic findings occurring frequently after open AAA repair. Radiographic evaluation is more sensitive than clinical observation for detection of ventral hernias. Clinical events and reinterventions related to these radiographic abnormalities are rare.
Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: From Transmitting and Reflecting Modes to Single-, Group-, and Fully-Connected Architectures (2022)

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are envisioned as a promising technology for future wireless communications. With various hardware realizations, RISs can work under different modes (reflective/transmissive/hybrid) or have different architectures (single/group/fully-connected). However, most existing research focused on single-connected reflective RISs, mathematically characterized by diagonal phase shift matrices, while there is a lack of a comprehensive study for RISs unifying different modes/architectures. In this paper, we solve this issue by analyzing and proposing a general RIS-aided communication model. Specifically, we establish an RIS model not limited to diagonal phase shift matrices, a novel branch referred to as beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS), unifying modes and architectures. With the proposed model, we develop efficient algorithms to jointly design transmit precoder and BD-RIS matrix to maximize the sum-rate for RIS-aided systems. We also provide simulation results to compare the performance of BD-RISs with different modes/architectures. Simulation results show that under the same mode, fully- and group-connected RIS can effectively increase the sum-rate performance compared with single-connected RIS, and that hybrid RIS outperforms reflective/transmissive RIS with the same architecture.
Effect of Annealing Temperature and Dopant Concentration on the Conductivity Behavior in (DyO 1.5 ) x –(WO 3 ) y –(BiO 1.5 ) 1−x−y (2010)

Cubic‐stabilized ((DyO 1.5 ) x –(WO 3 ) y –(BiO 1.5 ) 1− x − y ) electrolytes (DWSB) having higher conductivity than (ErO 1.5 ) 0.2 (BiO 1.5 ) 0.8 (20ESB) were developed. However, this DWSB composition also experienced a conductivity degradation like other cubic stabilized bismuth oxides in intermediate temperature (IT) ranges, i.e. 500°–700°C. Several DWSB compositions with the same 2:1 dopant content ratio (Dy:W) were annealed to determine the conductivity behavior in the IT range with time. All DWSB compositions maintained their initial conductivity at 700°C, but underwent conductivity degradation at ≤600°C. The effect of total dopant concentration on the conductivity degradation behavior was investigated at 600° and 500°C. It was also found that 8D4WSB, which is the highest conductivity composition, has promise as an electrolyte for an isothermal operation above 650°C or below 400°C.
A two-scale model based algorithm for cantilever deflection estimation by interferometry and its application (2013)

International audience
The IgG4 hinge with CD28 transmembrane domain improves VHH-based CAR T cells targeting a membrane-distal epitope of GPC1 in pancreatic cancer (2023)

Heterogeneous antigen expression is a key barrier influencing the activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors. Here, we develop CAR T cells targeting glypican-1 (GPC1), an oncofetal antigen expressed in pancreatic cancer. We report the generation of dromedary camel V<sub>H</sub>H nanobody (D4)-based CAR T cells targeting GPC1 and the optimization of the hinge (H) and transmembrane domain (TM) to improve activity. We find that a structurally rigid IgG4H and CD28TM domain brings the two D4 fragments in proximity, driving CAR dimerization and leading to enhanced T-cell signaling and tumor regression in pancreatic cancer models with low antigen density in female mice. Furthermore, single-cell-based proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of D4-IgG4H-CD28TM CAR T cells reveals specific genes (e.g., HMGB1) associated with high T-cell polyfunctionality. This study demonstrates the potential of V<sub>H</sub>H-based CAR T for pancreatic cancer therapy and provides an engineering strategy for developing potent CAR T cells targeting membrane-distal epitopes.
Glycine Transporter Type I (GlyT1) Inhibitor, Bitopertin: A Journey from Lab to Patient (2018)

Glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) inhibition has been extensively studied both in pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions primarily as a potential new approach to treat schizophrenia, a severe and chronic mental illness. More recently, preclinical results have suggested that this approach could also have therapeutic potential for CNS disorders beyond schizophrenia as well as for non-CNS indications. Over the past 17 years, Roche has been a key player in the GlyT1 field with the discovery and development of bitopertin, the most advanced GlyT1 inhibitor to date and the only one which completed Phase III clinical studies for schizophrenia. In this article, we relate the eventful journey of the discovery and development of bitopertin, from project initiation in 2001 to its evaluation today in patients suffering from beta-thalassemia, a monogenic hereditary haematological disorder.