gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Observation of Surface Reactions of Lithium Foils Immersed in Diethyl Carbonate Electrolytes by Using in situ FTIR Measurement (1998)

Sure reactions in diethyl carbonate contakling1O mol dm-3LiAsF6LiBF40r LiCF3SO3were investigatedbyusing n3FHR sptrospy Thedynamic behaviQrofese electrolytes was obs-ed om the FTIR spectral change duringmersion ofhthium fbils in these electmlytesThe results obtainedwerediscuss(intesofpenetrationofe1olytesintos1monlithiumfoilsand dirt reactions ofelolytes to lithium metalAs a result ofthe discussionit can be said that DEC elecolytesusedinthilstudycaneasilypeateintothesurceontheliibilanddirtly touchlithiummetalEhis dynamicbehaviorindicates thaththiumfbUsarenot stable inDEC eltrolytes Goning LO mol dm 3LiAsF6LiBF4Qr LiCF3SO3 10NTRODUC 10N Rhargeable litlhumbatteries withlithiummctal anodes are veU atU activer various apPlicationssuch as elecic vehicle and load levehng systembause oftheir theoretically highestenergydsilyamongnumerouscandidatesHowever 1ey have not been apPlied to practica1echaeable baUeries duetolowcycleability andsatyoflithi1metaI anodesFmm many researchesit has been proposed that a dcndritic fbrm of lithium dqxsit results in the low cycleabiand the low safdy 1-5This mohological problemy be relate1toe sulface state oflithium metal immersed in nonaqueous electrolytes Lithium metahs so active that a hium fbil used as a practical anode material is always covered with several lithium compodswhich is called a native surfafilm6)However the Iithium fbil or the native surface1m may react with nonaqueouselolstobmanewstableorsbles So farseveraldamental studies hilve demonstrated that the Hnal state ofthe suce film Gn litlum is strongly related to a dofel01ehismeansatchGalspiesvolved in nonaquoous eltrolytes canreact with lithium metal and the native surfce HlmPossible products have been extensivdy
Enhancing the feasibility of Pd/C-catalyzed formic acid decomposition for hydrogen generation – catalyst pretreatment, deactivation, and regeneration (2021)

Formic acid decomposition (FAD) generates H<sub>2</sub> at low temperatures. CO poisoning inhibits FAD but is lifted under oxidative treatment.
Role of small intestinal intraepithelial CD11c+ CD8+ T cells in mucosal immunoregulation (39.36) (2009)

Abstract The chronic intestinal inflammation tends to occur in the large intestine (LI) rather than in the small intestine (SI) partly due to the relative abundant microbial colonization in LI. However, intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes (IEL) in the large intestine are also distinguished from these in the small intestine. In this study, we investigated the possibility that the phenotypic difference of immune populations in two immune compartments might represent their differed immunoregulatory functions for regional control of mucosal inflammation. We observed that in total IELs population, about 36-40% cells in SI and 12-15% cells in LI are CD11c+ and CD3+ double positive cells. The majority of these CD11c+ CD3+T cells were CD8 positive expressing either TCRαβ or γδ. Their T cell lineage was defined by TCR expression and generation of IEL CD11c+ T cells after transfer of CD45.1 splenic T cell into RAG2-/- mice. Compared with CD11c- CD3+ T cells, CD11c+ CD3+ T cells produced significantly lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α?and IFN-γ. In mouse model of Gαi2 KO T cells induced colitis, 2.5×105 of SI CD11c+ CD3+ T cells suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine-producing CD4 T cells at the mucosal sites and protected mice from colitis development. In contrast, LI CD11c+ CD3+ T cells or SI CD11c- CD3+ T cells were ineffective in colitis protection. Taken together, these findings indicate that SI CD11c+ CD8+ T cells might be a functional T cell population that plays an immunoregulatory role in control of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cells and maintenance of mucosal homeostasis in the intestine.
Physics of waveguide photodetectors with integrated amplification (2003)

The promising concept of waveguide photodetection with integrated amplification is evaluated by self-consistent device simulation. Such integrated amplification detectors have the potential to achieve simultaneously high saturation power, high speed, high responsivity, and quantum efficiencies well above one. Our example design vertically combines a bulk photodetector ridge region with laterally confined quantum wells for amplification. The current flow in the three-terminal device exhibits ground current reversal with increasing light power. The net optical gain is evaluated for different waveguide modes. For the dominating mode, the detector responsivity is shown to scale with the device length, reaching quantum efficiencies larger than 100%.
Validation of a Cochlear Implant Patient-Specific Model of the Voltage Distribution in a Clinical Setting (2016)

Cochlear Implants (CIs) are medical implantable devices that can restore the sense of hearing in people with profound hearing loss. Clinical trials assessing speech intelligibility in CI users have found large intersubject variability. One possibility to explain the variability is the individual differences in the interface created between electrodes of the CI and the auditory nerve. In order to understand the variability, models of the voltage distribution of the electrically stimulated cochlea may be useful. With this purpose in mind, we developed a parametric model that can be adapted to each CI user based on landmarks from individual cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the cochlea before and after implantation. The conductivity values of each cochlea compartment as well as the weighting factors of different grounding modes have also been parameterized. Simulations were performed modeling the cochlea and electrode positions of 12 CI users. Three models were compared with different levels of detail: a homogeneous model (HM), a non-patient-specific model (NPSM), and a patient-specific model (PSM). The model simulations were compared with voltage distribution measurements obtained from the backward telemetry of the 12 CI users. Results show that the PSM produces the lowest error when predicting individual voltage distributions. Given a patient-specific geometry and electrode positions, we show an example on how to optimize the parameters of the model and how to couple it to an auditory nerve model. The model here presented may help to understand speech performance variability and support the development of new sound coding strategies for CIs.
Environmental factors influencing the distribution of ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria and water qualities in 10 lakes and reservoirs of the N ortheast, C hina (2015)

This study presents seasonal and spatial variations of the ammonifying bacteria (AB) and denitrifying bacteria (DNB) and physicochemical parameters in 10 lakes and reservoirs in the northeast of China. Water samples were collected in winter (January), spring (March), summer (July) and fall (November) in 2011. The study revealed that physicochemical parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4 (+) -N and nitrate as nitrogen were closely related with the distribution of AB and DNB. Seasonally, the levels of AB presents gradually upward trend from winter to summer, and declines in fall and DNB were higher in spring and fall than summer and lowest in winter. Spatially, the annual average of AB among 10 lakes and reservoirs showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05), for DNB, Udalianchi and Lianhuan Lake were lower than others (P < 0.05). Regression correlation analysis showed that the levels of AB and DNB had a close relationship with nitrogen nutrition. Three principal components were identified of total variances which are conditionally classified by the 'natural' factor (PC1) and 'nitrogen nutrients' (PC2, PC3). According the principal component scores, cluster analysis detected two distinct groups: (C1) mainly affected by nitrogen nutrients and (C2) natural environmental factors.
Effects of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on soybean aphid and identification of Metarhizium isolates from agricultural fields (2018)

Terrestrial plants can harbor endophytic fungi that may induce changes in plant physiology that in turn affect interactions with herbivorous insects. We evaluated whether the application of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum to soybean seeds could become endophytic and affect interactions with soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura). It was found that A. glycines population sizes increased on plants with M. brunneum (strain F52) seed inoculum, but no significant effects were shown with analogous treatments with B. bassiana (strain GHA). Fungi recovered from soybean plant tissues indicate that endophytism was established, and that B. bassiana was more prevalent. Metarhizium brunneum was only recovered from stems, but B. bassiana was recovered from stems and leaves. This work confirms that some entomopathogenic fungi can be endophytic in soybean, however, some of these fungi may have a negative effect on the plants by increasing susceptibility of soybean to A. glycines. We also used DNA sequence data to identify species of Metarhizium obtained from agricultural fields in Iowa. Phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data, found that all isolates were Metarhizium robertsii, which is consistent with past studies indicating a cosmopolitan distribution and wide host range for this species. These results are important for understanding the dynamics of implementing environmentally sustainable measures for the control of pest insects.
ChemInform Abstract: Niphatesines E‐H, New Pyridine Alkaloids from the Okinawan Marine Sponge Niphates sp. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lamb waves in thermoplastic polymer plates: An application to monitoring (2023)

Thin thermoplastic polymer components are widely used in different fields of engineering, including high-technology industries such as automotive or energy. Due to the rapid technological development in these industries, there is an increased demand for polymer components to achieve advanced functionalities, such as the continuous monitoring of their structural health. In this work, we propose to take advantage of elastic guided waves, which are both emitted and measured using arrays of transducers integrated within the structure. This application requires first investigating the Lamb waves in these attenuating and heterogeneous materials. To that end, we estimate the dispersion curves of Lamb waves using a laser vibrometer. A transversely isotropic material model and a fitting algorithm allow for estimating the elastic parameters of the specimens. Then, for each mode, the frequency-dependent attenuation is evaluated. Finally using both theoretical models and experimental analysis, we evaluate the sensitivity of the guided waves to asses various structural changes in the thermoplastic polymer components such as temperature or the presence of contaminants.
Novel 3.3-kV advanced trench HiGT with low loss and low dv/dt noise (2013)

Novel 3.3-kV trench IGBT with low loss and low dv <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AK</sub> /dt noise was developed. The structural feature of the IGBTs is deep p-WELL layers separated from trench gates. This structure suppresses excess V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GE</sub> overshoot and then reduces recovery dv <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AK</sub> /dt. Moreover, this effect is enhanced by reducing the resistance of the deep p-WELL layers (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FP</sub> ). It was found that, for the first time, the trade-off characteristics between V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEsat</sub> and recovery dv <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AK</sub> /dt were drastically improved by separating p-WELL layers from trench gates and decreasing R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FP</sub> . The recovery dv <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AK</sub> /dt could be reduced by 79% more than that for the conventional trench IGBT, maintaining a small V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEsat</sub> and E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> equal to the conventional one.
Current-Fluctuation Mechanism of Field Emitters Using Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with High Crystallinity (2017)

Field emitters can be used as a cathode electrode in a cathodoluminescence device, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that are synthesized by arc discharge are expected to exhibit good field emission (FE) properties. However, a cathodoluminescence device that uses field emitters radiates rays whose intensity considerably fluctuates at a low frequency, and the radiant fluctuation is caused by FE current fluctuation. To solve this problem, is very important to obtain a stable output for field emitters in a cathodoluminescence device. The authors consider that the electron-emission fluctuation is caused by Fowler–Nordheim electron tunneling and that the electrons in the Fowler–Nordheim regime pass through an inelastic potential barrier. We attempted to develop a theoretical model to analyze the power spectrum of the FE current fluctuation using metallic SWCNTs as field emitters, owing to their electrical conductivity by determining their FE properties. Field emitters that use metallic SWCNTs with high crystallinity were successfully developed to achieve a fluctuating FE current from field emitters at a low frequency by employing inelastic electron tunneling. This paper is the first report of the successful development of an inelastic-electron-tunneling model with a Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation for metallic SWCNTs based on the evaluation of FE properties.
Trophic Factor Effects on Septal Cholinergic Neuronsa (1991)

The role of trophic factors in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is poorly understood. One system that may require trophic factors, particularly nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived growth factor (BDNF), for normal function in the adult CNS is the cholinergic projection from the basal forebrain to the hippocampus. To study the nature of this requirement we ablated target neurons in the hippocampus that normally produce NGF and BDNF; we found no loss of cholinergic neurons or cholinergic phenotype in the medial septum in young adult rats. In similarly treated aged rats (24-33 months), some reduction in cholinergic phenotype was found, in the absence of cell death for up to 90 days. Thus, these cholinergic neurons either do not require trophic support for survival, or are able to obtain trophic factors from other sources for the duration of the experiments. In vitro, NGF withdrawal from septal neurons initially grown in the presence of NGF did not result in the death of old cholinergic neurons in these tissue cultures but did result in a down-regulation of transmitter-associated enzymes, accompanied by cholinergic cell shrinkage and a reduction in fiber density. Together, these findings suggest that target-derived factors may not be required for the survival of mature septal cholinergic neurons, but may be involved in maintenance of cholinergic and structural phenotype.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Escape from Cyclotriazadisulfonamide-Induced CD4-Targeted Entry Inhibition Is Associated with Increased Neutralizing Antibody Susceptibility (2009)

Continuous specific downmodulation of CD4 receptor expression in T lymphocytes by the small molecule cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) selected for the CADA-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) NL4.3 virus containing unique mutations in the C4 and V5 regions of gp120, likely stabilizing the CD4-binding conformation. The amino acid changes in Env were associated with decreased susceptibility to anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment of the cells and with higher susceptibility of the virus to soluble CD4. In addition, the acquired ability of a CADA-resistant virus to infect cells with low CD4 expression was associated with an increased susceptibility of the virus to neutralizing antibodies from sera of several HIV-1-infected patients.
H-EARtH: Heterogeneous Multicore Platform Energy Management (2016)

By scheduling each workload according to its most advantageous core and managing voltage and frequency, the heterogeneous energy-aware race to halt (H-EARtH) algorithm optimizes CPU platform energy.
Predictors of Gastrin Elevation Following Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy (2019)

Dosage and female gender seem to play an important role in the development of gastrin elevation on PPI therapy. A significant correlation was found between fasting serum gastrin and dosage of PPIs over weight and body surface area.
Social music services in teenage life (2010)

The landscape for discovering and sharing music is changing due to the rise of social media and mobile devices with increasing amount of features. This paper looks at the omnipresence of music and the social perspective of online music services among the youth, and describes a survey-based case study of 44 Finnish. The findings reveal that social media facilitates important aspects that engage the users, such as recommendations, large selections, and free content, but also that traditional media, e.g. FM radio has still a strong role in the omnipresence use of music.
Essential Role in Vivo of Upstream Stimulatory Factors for a Normal Dietary Response of the Fatty Acid Synthase Gene in the Liver (1999)

In the liver, transcription of several genes encoding lipogenic and glycolytic enzymes, in particular the gene for fatty acid synthase (FAS), is known to be stimulated by dietary carbohydrates. The molecular dissection of the FAS promoter pointed out the critical role of an E box motif, located at position -65 with respect to the start site of transcription, in mediating the glucose- and insulin-dependent regulation of the gene. Upstream stimulatory factors (USF1 and USF2) and sterol response element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) were shown to be able to interact in vitro with this E box. However, to date, the relative contributions of USFs and SREBP1 ex vivo remain controversial. To gain insight into the specific roles of these factors in vivo, we have analyzed the glucose responsiveness of hepatic FAS gene expression in USF1 and USF2 knock-out mice. In both types of mouse lines, defective in either USF1 or USF2, induction of the FAS gene by refeeding a carbohydrate-rich diet was severely delayed, whereas expression of SREBP1 was almost normal and insulin response unchanged. Therefore, USF transactivators, and especially USF1/USF2 heterodimers, seem to be essential to sustain the dietary induction of the FAS gene in the liver.
Laparoscopic Anatrophic Nephrolithotomy: Developments of the Technique in the Era of Minimally Invasive Surgery (2011)

Laparoscopic surgery is feasible when anatrophic nephrolithotomy is indicated. This technique minimizes the barriers of an open flank incision, while achieving excellent stone-free rates. This minimally invasive technique should be considered for complex stones that would necessitate multiple renal access tracks and secondary procedures.
Endogenous Viral Gene Distribution in Populations of Meat-Type Chickens (1992)

The present study was designed to document the complexity of endogenous viral (ev) genes and seek evidence for their association with production traits in selected and control strains of meat-type chickens. Three populations were studied, each consisting of a control strain and one to three strains selected for various production traits. The ev genes were revealed by digesting genomic DNA with restriction enzymes and detecting DNA fragments on Southern blots using radioactive probes from nucleotide sequences of the avian leukosis virus genome. A total of 31 polymorphic ev loci were identified in these populations from a SacI digest, with an average of 7.3 ev genes per bird. There were no significant differences in ev genes per bird between strains within populations or between selected and control strains overall. Thirty of 62 comparisons in the three populations indicated ev gene frequency differences (P less than .05). Within populations, 13 of 93 comparisons of ev gene frequencies between control and selected strains and 8 of 62 between three selected strains of a sire population showed such differences (P less than .05). Selection for body weight and feed efficiency had been observed to reduce gene frequencies of the slow-feathering gene, which usually contains the ev21 locus; however, these effects were not detected (.05 less than P less than .06) between strains of the dam population in the current study. Such differences suggested possible associations between ev genes and production traits in meat-type chickens.
The Fluoride‐Based Route to All‐Silica Molecular Sieves; a Strategy for Synthesis of New Materials Based Upon Close‐Packing of Guest—Host Products (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Byzantine Chant for congregational singing (2016)

A paper presented at the Pan-Orthodox Music Symposium in Minneapolis (USA) on 22-26 June, 2016.
Abstract 4615: Development of an antibody-drug conjugate with broad anticancer activity (2017)

Abstract Treatment for patients with advanced solid tumors that include triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), as well as Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), while increasing survival is not curative. We have identified a membrane bound protease, “activated” matriptase, as an attractive target antigen for highly selective antibody delivery of cytotoxins as activated matriptase expression is restricted to epithelial tumors and some B-cell lymphomas. We generated a novel ADC by linking M69, a mouse antibody specific to activated matriptase, to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a PEGylated, releasable di-peptide linker as a proof-of-principle prototype. Both in cell lines and in human xenograft models of TNBC, NSCLC, CRPC and MCL, the conjugate was found to exhibit potent anticancer activity against all of these tumor types without toxicity. Encouraged by these results, we are also exploring the use of this ADC against gastric and pancreatic cancer, and in combination with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. As this is a mouse antibody, we are also generating a chimeric antibody for toxicity studies in primates. Citation Format: Siang-Yo Lin, Zoltan Szekely, Chen-Yong Lin, Joseph R. Bertino, Gulam Mohmad Rather. Development of an antibody-drug conjugate with broad anticancer activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4615. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4615