gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of hepatitis B virus in chronically infected humanized mice (2020)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. New treatment approaches are needed because current treatments do not target covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the template for HBV replication, and rarely clear the virus. We harnessed adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and CRISPR-<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>Sa</i>)Cas9 to edit the HBV genome in liver-humanized FRG mice chronically infected with HBV and receiving entecavir. Gene editing was detected in livers of five of eight HBV-specific AAV-<i>Sa</i>Cas9-treated mice, but not control mice, and mice with detectable HBV gene editing showed higher levels of <i>Sa</i>Cas9 delivery to HBV<sup>+</sup> human hepatocytes than those without gene editing. HBV-specific AAV-<i>Sa</i>Cas9 therapy significantly improved survival of human hepatocytes, showed a trend toward decreasing total liver HBV DNA and cccDNA, and was well tolerated. This work provides evidence for the feasibility and safety of <i>in vivo</i> gene editing for chronic HBV infections, and it suggests that with further optimization, this approach may offer a plausible way to treat or even cure chronic HBV infections.
Synthesis and Ethylene Polymerization Activity of a Series of 2-Anilinotropone-Based Neutral Nickel(II) Catalysts (2003)

A method for the synthesis of bulky 2-anilinotropones has been developed, utilizing palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling techniques. Deprotonation of these anilinotropones followed by reaction with (PPh3)2Ni(Ph)Cl produces ethylene polymerization catalysts of the general formula [[(2-R-6-R‘C6H3)NC7H5O]Ni(Ph)(PPh3)] (3a−j: R, R‘ = Me, Me (a), iPr, iPr (b), tBu, H (c), tBu, Me (d), Ph, Ph (e), Cl, Cl (f), Br, Br (g), 2,3,4,5,6-F5 (h), Me, H (j), Me, CF3 (k)). Ethylene polymerizations with 3a−j have been explored under a variety of reaction conditions. The complex [[(2,6-iPr2C6H3)NC7H4O(7-aryl)]Ni(Ph)(PPh3)] (14: aryl = phenyl (a), 1-naphthyl (b)), possessing steric bulk at the 7-position, have been prepared and are both long-lived and active ethylene polymerization catalysts. At low temperatures 14a,b produce polyethylene with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD ca. 1.2). The polymerization results suggest that chain transfer occurs via a β-hydride elimination pathway and that catalyst decomposition proceeds through reductive elimination of the free ligand from a nickel−hydride intermediate.
Peroxynitrite Induces Apoptosis and Decline in Intracellular Free Mg with Concomitant Elevation in [Ca2+]i in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells:Possible Roles of Extracellular and Intracellular Magnesium Ions in Peroxynitrite-Induced Cell Death (2007)

The present study demonstrates that exogenous ONOO(-) can result in rapid declines in intracellular free magnesium ions ([Mg(2+)](i)) concomitant with rapid rises in intracellular free calcium ions ([Ca(2+)](i)) and, subsequently, trigger apoptosis but not necrosis in rat aortic SMCs; high [Mg(2+)] significantly attenuates ONOO(-)-induced apoptosis. ONOO(-)-induced apoptosis in vascular SMCs appears to involve activation of Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)-dependent endonucleases and caspase-3. Mg deficiency itself could not induce apoptosis in these SMCs, but it could significantly enhance ONOO(-)-induced apoptosis.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Formation of an Oxygen‐Evolving Catalyst in Neutral Water Containing Phosphate and Co2+. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
End-to-end network slicing orchestration – A Key Enabler for Industry-Vertical use Cases (2022)

To support use cases with extreme performance requirements in a cost-efficient manner, communication service providers need comprehensive, end-to-end (E2E) network slicing orchestration that covers the full range of network resources – RAN, core, cloud and transport.
Pasotron High-energy Microwave Source (1991)

We have developed a unique, high-energy microwave source that is capable of generating very long, high-power pulses in a simple, compact, and lightweight package. Called PASOTRON for Plasma-Assisted Slow-wave Oscillator, it integrates a novel combination of E-gun, plasma, and slow-wave-structure techniques to create a source capable of generating 100-μs pulsewidths while requiring no magnetic focusing fields. Long E-beam pulses are obtained at high current density using Hughes Hollow-Cathode-Plasma (HCP) E-gun which was previously developed for driving gas-discharge lasers. The gun overcomes the limitations for conventional high-power-microwave tubes which employ either thermionic cathodes that have limited current density (≤5 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) or field-emission cathodes that offer high current density, but suffer from short pulsewidth capability (≪1 μs) because of plasma closure of the accelerating gap. The HCP E-gun provides both high-current-density (40 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and long-pulse operation without gap closure. It also requires no cathode-heater power. The gun employs a low-pressure glow-discharge inside a hollow cathode (HC) to obtain a uniform and stable plasma surface from which a high-current-density beam can be extracted. The plasma density is controlled by a low-voltage RC-discharge pulser to provide space-charge-limited emission of electrons. A de high-voltage electron-beam supply accelerates electrons across the gap while the hollow-cathode-pulser modulates the beam current to generate arbitrary pulse waveforms. The beam is focused electrostatically by shaping the gun electrodes; no magnetic fields are required. In practice, the accelerating gap consists of a multiaperture array in order to generate a large-area, high-current beam consisting initially of many individual beamlets.
Preparation of Cd1-xZnxSe Using Microwave-Assisted Polyol Synthesis (2001)

A new method for the preparation of a nanophased ternary selenide is described. The synthesis employs microwave heating for the preparation of Cd1-xZnxSe. The reaction was carried out in basic ethylene glycol, which serves both as a solvent and reducing agent. The resulting compound was composed of monodispersed nanoparticles with an average diameter of 6 nm. The particles were characterized using TEM, HR-TEM, XRD, and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS).
The Effect of Halogen-to-Hydrogen Bond Substitution on Human Aldose Reductase Inhibition (2015)

The effect of halogen-to-hydrogen bond substitution on the binding energetics and biological activity of a human aldose reductase inhibitor has been studied using X-ray crystallography, IC50 measurements, advanced binding free energy calculations, and simulations. The replacement of Br or I atoms by an amine (NH2) group has not induced changes in the original geometry of the complex, which made it possible to study the isolated features of selected noncovalent interactions in a biomolecular complex.
Rapid Rehabilitation and Recovery with Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty (2004)

To assess the potential recovery rate of a minimally invasive total hip replacement technique with minimal soft tissue disruption, an accelerated rehabilitation protocol was implemented with weightbearing as tolerated on the day of surgery. One hundred consecutive patients were enrolled in this prospective study. Ninety-seven patients (97%) met all the inpatient physical therapy goals required for discharge to home on the day of surgery; 100% of patients achieved these goals within 23 hours of surgery. Outpatient therapy was initiated in 9% of patients immediately, 62% of patients by 1 week, and all patients by 2 weeks. The mean time to discontinued use of crutches, discontinued use of narcotic pain medications, and resumed driving was 6 days postoperatively. The mean time to return to work was 8 days, discontinued use of any assistive device was 9 days, and resumption of all activities of daily living was 10 days. The mean time to walk (1/2) mile was 16 days. Furthermore, there were no readmissions, no dislocations, and no reoperations. Therefore, a rapid rehabilitation protocol is safe and fulfills the potential benefits of a rapid recovery with minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty.
Flexible Patterning of Functional Microdot by Laser-Induced Dot Transfer (2014)

Laser-induced dot transfer (LIDT) is one of promising additive manufacturing techniques because it can realize flexible patterning of micron and submicron-sized dots even at atmospheric room-temperature conditions. In the LIDT process, a laser pulse is tightly focused onto a source film, leading to a transient melting of the film followed by sub-spot transfer using one-to-one microdot deposition with laser-illuminated area. Recently, we have developed a novel double-pulse LIDT process using the first pulse for preheating the source film and the second pulse for dot transfer. To investigate the double-pulse effect on microdot transfer of oxides, temporal high-temperature distributions of a thick indium tin oxide source film during double-pulse irradiation have been simulated using a Finite Element Method (FEM) approach. As a result, preheating by the first pulse decreased a difference in film temperature along both the film thickness and in-plane directions. This is effective to avoid film fracture, leading to high-quality patterning of a wide variety of microdots.
Large-Scale Continuous Immersion System for Layer-by-Layer Deposition of Flame Retardant and Conductive Nanocoatings on Fabric (2014)

A continuous immersion system has been developed to deposit multifunctional, multilayer thin films using layer-by-layer assembly. An initial demonstration of this device is presented here by coating cotton fabric, a complex three-dimensional substrate, with a flame-retardant recipe composed of chitosan (CH) and poly(sodium phosphate) (PSP) and a conductive recipe composed of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes stabilized with sodium deoxycholate. Electron microscopy images reveal an unaltered weave structure for the conductive coating and the formation of a CH/PSP protective thermal barrier on fabric coated by the machine. Flame retardant and conductivity measurements of continuously coated fabric achieve properties comparable to handmade samples, and the large-scale coater showed a high level of consistency. This unique device provides an important proof-of-concept and lays the groundwork for scale-up to an industrial-scale system that could be used to produce these nanocoatings commercially.
Schizophrenia: Moving Beyond Monoamine Antagonists (2008)

Schizophrenia is a disabling psychiatric disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. The first pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia were discovered by serendipitous, albeit carefully documented, clinical observations. The discovery of chlorpromazine and other dopamine D2 receptor antagonists as antipsychotic agents set the early course of drug discovery in the context of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, and various monoamine receptors became the prime focus of neuropharmacological studies. Success in treating the positive symptoms nevertheless remained limited by the general lack of efficacy in addressing negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. In recent years, several new experimental approaches have emerged for the identification and treatment of different symptom clusters that do not rely on blockade of monoamine receptors. Muscarinic, nicotinic, and glutamatergic signaling mechanisms have become essential to neuropharmacological and behavioral models of discrete aspects of schizophrenia. And as a consequence of these insights, novel drug entities have become available to study and potentially treat the disabling cognitive and negative symptoms of psychiatric disease. Current attempts to target a new range of receptors entail unprecedented fine-tuning in the pharmacological manipulation of specific receptor subtypes.
Reduced Capability Devices for 5G IoT (2021)

The first release of 5G NR (Rel-15) supports Internet of Things (IoT) use cases including ultra-reliable low-latency as well as massive machine type communications. In Rel-17, reduced capability devices are being introduced to support mid-range IoT use cases such as industrial wireless sensors, wearables, and video surveillance. These use cases require low-cost devices to support high reliability, low latency, medium data rate, and long battery life despite being low complexity in design. In this paper, we provide an overview of these devices and describe important features being standardized in 3GPP for complexity reduction, coverage compensation, and power saving.
Development of a novel type of anti-inflammatory agents, targeting chemokines (1996)

Accumulating evidence indicates that members of a novel supergene family, chemokines, play a central role in the establishment of various types of inflammatory reactions by recruiting and activating a specific type(s) of leukocytes. We have established the essential role of interleukin-8 in several types of neutrophil-mediated acute inflammatory models in rabbits by injecting a highly potent neutralizing monoclonal antibody to IL-8. Here, we discussed our two approaches to develop a novel type of anti-inflammatory agents targeting IL-8; humanization of the monoclonal antibody by complementary determining region grafting method and identification of an inducible IκBα protein kinase which is essentially involved in NF-κB-mediated IL-8 gene transcription.
Exploiting Topological Properties of Mie-Resonance-Based Hybrid Metasurfaces for Ultrafast Switching of Light Polarization (2021)

Mie resonances of high-index dielectric matesurfaces provide large freedom for light modulation with low loss, which, by including a highly reflective backplane, induce an enhanced optical magnetism with increasing quality factor. In this paper, we show that Mie-resonance-based α-Si:H metasurfaces with a gold backplane can be utilized to manipulate light polarization upon reflection. The nontrivial topological properties associated with the scattering field are revealed by reflection matrix analysis. Topologically protected polarization conversion is demonstrated by varying the incident wavevector. Furthermore, the nonlinear modeling shows that such hybrid metasurfaces can realize ultrafast all-optical polarization switching of near-infrared light. The topological nature of the metasurface's response offers great flexibility in polarization generation and dynamic modulation.
The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dentistry: a critical review (2016)

In recent years there have been an increasing number of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies that show positive results regarding antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used in dentistry. These include applications in periodontics, endodontics, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria present as biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a therapy based on the combination of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and appropriate wavelength visible light, which in the presence of oxygen is activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce a series of photochemical and biological events that cause irreversible damage leading to the death of microorganisms. Many light-absorbing dyes have been mentioned as potential PS for aPDT and different wavelengths have been tested. However, there is no consensus on a standard protocol yet. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize the results of research on aPDT in dentistry using the PubMed database focusing on recent studies of the effectiveness aPDT in decreasing microorganisms and microbial biofilms, and also to describe aPDT effects, mechanisms of action and applications.
Regioselective 2-Amination of Polychloropyrimidines (2016)

The regioselective amination of substituted di- and trichloropyrimidines affording the 2-substituted products is reported. While aryl- and heteroarylamines require the use of a dialkylbiarylphosphine-derived palladium catalyst for high efficiency, more nucleophilic dialkylamines produce 2-aminopyrimidines under noncatalyzed SNAr conditions. The key is the use of 5-trimethylsilyl-2,4-dichloropyrimidine as a surrogate for the parent dichloropyrimidine. For more challenging cases, the 2-chloro-4-thiomethoxy analogues were prepared and exclusively afford the desired 2-aminated-4-thiomethoxypyrimidine products.
Energy dependence and dynamics of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnergy dependence and dynamics of gas-phase ion-molecule reactionsBrian D. Wladkowski, James L. Wilbur, and John I. BraumanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 24, 9706–9708Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00050a087https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00050a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Drug Refractory Symptomatic Ventricular Ectopy: Short‐ and Long‐Term Results (1999)

We performed radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in 12 consecutive patients (17-77 years) with daily, symptomatic, monomorphic ventricular ectopy (VE) (12,096 +/- 3,326 on 24-hour Holter) resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs. Nine patients had no apparent structural heart disease, 1 patient had a mild dilated cardiomyopathy, 1 patient had a treated mitral stenosis, and 1 patient had arrhythmogenic ventricular dysplasia. VE morphology was LBBB with inferior axis in 9 patients, RBBB with inferior axis in 2 patients, RBBB with superior axis in 1 patient. None of the patients had spontaneous or inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia. The VE focus was targeted with RF energy at the earliest endocardial activation site and based on a matching 12-lead ECG pace map. The VE focus was localized in the right outflow tract in 9 patients and on the left ventricle in 3 patients. RFCA was delivered with a standard 4-mm tip electrode. The ablation was initially successful in 11 patients and unsuccessful in 1 patient. All successfully ablated patients were asymptomatic and discharged without antiarrhythmic drugs. During follow-up (25 +/- 8; 17-38 months), two patients had a recurrence of symptoms, which were controlled by a previously ineffective drug. At the end of follow-up, 1,329 +/- 3198 VE were observed on Holter monitoring (P < 0.001 compared with initial values). No short- and long-term complications were observed. RFCA is a safe and effective method for treating drug-resistant symptomatic monomorphic VE in carefully selected patients. A persistent benefit without complications was obtained over a 2-year follow-up.
Taking Account of Uncertainty in Demand Growth When Phasing the Construction of a Water Distribution Network (2014)

As is well known, water systems grow gradually over long periods of time, and the life of piping tends to be much longer than the planning horizon used for pipe sizing. Furthermore, the uncertainty about future demands grows with the length of the time horizon. The design of water-distribution systems should therefore be performed in phases, to follow the gradual network growth, and taking account of the uncertainty connected with demand growth. The design approach proposed in this paper to consider these aspects is able to identify, on prefixed time steps or intervals, the necessary upgrades of the construction where each upgrade consists of installing pipes in new sites or in parallel to pipes that already exist, in order to render the network able to satisfy user demand with acceptable service pressure over the different phases of its life. Uncertainty in demand growth is considered by expressing the growth rate by means of a discrete random variable with assigned probability mass function. Optimization of phasing of construction is then performed by considering two objective functions: present-worth cost of the construction (to be minimized), and minimum-pressure surplus over time (to be maximized), which is represented as a discrete random variable with a derived probability distribution as a consequence of the assumption made on the water demand, which randomly grows from phase to phase of the construction. Within this framework, a specific criterion to rank discrete random variables is presented here. The application of the methodology to a case study shows that optimizing phasing of construction while accounting for uncertainty in demand growth leads to the network being sized more conservatively, so that the network construction obtained turns out to be more flexible to adapt itself to various conditions of demand growth over time.