gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functions of polymers in composite electrodes of lithium ion batteries (2010)

The different functions of polymer binders on the processing of the electrode, the electrical (electronic and ionic) and mechanical properties of the electrode, and as a consequence on the electrochemical performance are discussed. The role of the polymer binder on the solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and the cyclability of the graphite- and silicon-based negative electrodes is also addressed. All these properties critically depend on the very thin layer formed by the polymer at the surface of the active and conductive particles. That is where research efforts have to focus on, now, for further optimization of electrodes through tailoring of the binder combination.
Role of FoxO1 activation in MDR1 expression in adriamycin-resistant breast cancer cells (2008)

The development of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) can be mediated by a number of different mechanisms but elevated gene expression of MDR1 (P-glycoprotein) has often been a major cause of chemoresistance in many cancer cells. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of forkhead box-containing protein, O subfamily (FoxO), transcription factors in regulating the MDR1 gene expression. The proximal promoter region of the human MDR1 contained a putative FoxO-binding site, which partially overlapped with the enhancer/enhancer-binding protein beta-binding region. Gel shift and immunoblot analysis of subcellular fractions revealed that nuclear levels of FoxO1 and its DNA-binding activity were selectively enhanced in MCF-7/ADR cells, which was reversed by a FoxO1 antibody. Reporter gene assays showed that the transcription of MDR1 gene is stimulated by FoxO1 overexpression. Moreover, both MDR1 expression and doxorubicin resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells were reversed by FoxO1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). The MDR1 expression in MCF-7/ADR cells was also inhibited by insulin, a functional FoxO1 inactivator. In conclusion, FoxO1 is a novel transcriptional activator of MDR1 and is crucial for MDR1 induction in MCF-7/ADR cells.
Electronic Payment Methods and its importance in the settlement of payments between the mutual parties (2012)

Most of the electronic money that has been developed so far to meet certain functions and say that they replaced the money traditional is wrong despite huge advances in the forms of electronic payment but the money still have traditional keep its place special handling, especially in large deals that need to be degree significant protection. Therefore we can say that there is a significant shift in the monetary sphere is happening today in the world, despite the recent this transformation but it could be argued that the accelerations shall that have occurred in the area of the digital revolution has opened the way for radical shift in the pattern of trade and international exchange in line with globalization, which is dominated on all branches of activities, especially in areas relating to how the exchange of goods and settlement of obligations . . .
Exclusion of close linkage of Tourette's syndrome to D1 dopamine receptor (1993)

This result provides strong evidence against linkage of the DRD1 D1 dopamine receptor locus with Tourette's syndrome. This exclusion extends the authors' earlier work with the dopamine system in Tourette's syndrome to exclude the two best characterized dopamine receptors from linkage with Tourette's syndrome.
Katrol Formation, Kutch, India: Varying Interactions Between Eustasy and Basin Subsidence: ABSTRACT (1990)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
The traction requirements of female and male basketball players (2022)

Despite basketball being a popular sport among both genders, basketball footwear is designed primarily based on men. This may be problematic for women as the footwear they utilize may not be optimized for female performance and excessive traction may increase the risk of lower extremity non-contact injuries. While there are known sex-associated differences in the execution of basketball-related movements, the traction requirements of women have yet to be determined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the traction requirements of women and men performing basketball-related movements. Twenty collegiate-level basketball players (10 women and 10 men) participated in this study performing five basketball-related movements (Cross Cut, Lateral Cut, Quick Start, Jump Stop and Side Shuffle). Women and men were found to have similar traction requirements across many of movements, but significant differences were found during phases of the Quick Stop, Lateral Cut and Cross Cut. Overall, while the traction requirements of women and men appear similar, subtle differences exist at specific time points, which may be utilized to optimize gender-specific outsole design.
The relationship between three subtypes of safety behaviors and social anxiety: Serial mediating effects of state and trait post-event processing (2022)

The cognitive model for social anxiety disorder (SAD) highlights the role of safety behaviors and post-event processing (PEP). We identify the serial mediating effect of state and trait PEP between three types of safety behaviors (impression management, avoidance behavior, and anxiety-symptom control) and social anxiety. Given that the associations between the three subtypes of safety behaviors and two perspectives of PEP have not yet been examined, we aimed to investigate these relationships according to the level of social anxiety. A total of 487 participants participated in an online survey. Participants were classified into two groups, high and low, based on their social anxiety scores. We used Social Behavior Questionnaire to distinguish three types of safety behaviors and the State and Trait versions of the Post-Event Processing Inventory to identify two perspectives of PEP. We used descriptive statistics and an independent <i>t</i>-test to compare the high and low social anxiety groups. Mediation effects were examined using mediation analysis and bootstrapping with 5,000 replications. The results showed that the three safety behaviors had different effects on social anxiety <i>via</i> PEP. In the high social anxiety group, avoidance behavior and anxiety-symptom control predicted social anxiety positively, whereas impression management did not. However, with state PEP and trait PEP as mediators, impression management and avoidance behavior positively predicted social anxiety but not anxiety-symptom control. In the low social anxiety group, only avoidance behavior was significantly related to social anxiety, but when the state and trait PEP were mediated, the effect disappeared. These results indicated that impression management could affect social anxiety only when mediated by PEP in people with high social anxiety. A better understanding of the content and processes underpinning safety behavior and PEPs might have important implications for the prevention and treatment of social anxiety disorder.
Reduced cavity loss for ultra-low threshold vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (2003)

We demonstrate the importance of identifying and reducing cavity losses in high Q cavities in order to obtain very low threshold currents with high slope efficiency in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). Thresholds in the tens of microamps, which may be of interest for highly parallel arrays, have not yet been clearly demonstrated and will most likely require low loss, high Q cavities. Previously, we have used upper dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and reduced p-doping to achieve low threshold. In the present work, we have removed the Si doping from the lower DBRs and incorporated an intracavity n-contact. As a result, we report to our knowledge the lowest room temperature threshold current density yet achieved in a VCSEL of 98 A/cm/sup 2/, the highest differential slope efficiency for a sub-100 /spl mu/A VCSEL of 60 % for a 67 /spl mu/A threshold and a very low room temperature threshold of 23 /spl mu/A. We also demonstrate a lasing threshold current of 12 /spl mu/A (25 A/cm/sup 2/) for a VCSEL designed and operated at cryogenic temperatures.
Evaluation techniques for biometrics-based authentication systems (FRR) (2002)

Biometrics-based authentication is becoming popular because of increasing ease-of-use and reliability. Performance evaluation of such systems is an important issue. We attempt to address two aspects of performance evaluation that have been conventionally neglected. First, the "difficulty" of the data that is used in a study influences the evaluation results. We propose some measures to characterize the data set so that the performance of a given system on different data sets can be compared. Second, conventional studies often have reported the false reject and false accept rates (FRR, FAR) in the form of match score distributions. However, no confidence intervals are computed for these distributions, hence no indication of the significance of the estimates is given. In this paper, we systematically study and compare parametric and nonparametric (bootstrap) methods for measuring confidence intervals. We give special attention to false reject rate estimates.
Comprehensive layout and process optimization study of Si and III-V technology for sub-7nm node (2013)

In this work we present III-V device performance and its variability under various design and process parameters, as compared to Si devices, using MC simulation. III-V device compact/BSIM models are developed, including geometry-dependent parasitic RC. Compared to its Si counterpart, III-V devices exhibit superior performance in I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , ring oscillator delay (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pd</sub> ) and SRAM read time (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">read</sub> ). We calculated the N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> target for mitigating increments of I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> and subthreshold slopes. For both Si and III-V sub-7nm technology optimization, we propose a direction for technology design to improve performance and area scaling without variability penalty.
Structure-based approach to rationally design a chimeric protein for an effective vaccine against Group B Streptococcus infections (2011)

Structural vaccinology is an emerging strategy for the rational design of vaccine candidates. We successfully applied structural vaccinology to design a fully synthetic protein with multivalent protection activity. In Group B Streptococcus, cell-surface pili have aroused great interest because of their direct roles in virulence and importance as protective antigens. The backbone subunit of type 2a pilus (BP-2a) is present in six immunogenically different but structurally similar variants. We determined the 3D structure of one of the variants, and experimentally demonstrated that protective antibodies specifically recognize one of the four domains that comprise the protein. We therefore constructed a synthetic protein constituted by the protective domain of each one of the six variants and showed that the chimeric protein protects mice against the challenge with all of the type 2a pilus-carrying strains. This work demonstrates the power of structural vaccinology and will facilitate the development of an optimized, broadly protective pilus-based vaccine against Group B Streptococcus by combining the uniquely generated chimeric protein with protective pilin subunits from two other previously identified pilus types. In addition, this work describes a template procedure that can be followed to develop vaccines against other bacterial pathogens.
Nonlinearity and load sensitivity of end-systolic pressure-volume relation of canine left ventricle in vivo. (1991)

The effects of mechanical changes in loading conditions on the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relation (ESPVR) were studied in nine open-chest dogs, including three dogs studied before and after beta-adrenergic blockade. Left ventricular pressure was measured with a micromanometer, and left ventricular volume was measured with a conductance catheter. ESPVRs were obtained by increasing left atrial inflow over wide volume ranges (as much as threefold) under three different conditions: control or high or low aortic impedance. High impedance was obtained by occlusion of the descending aorta, and low impedance was obtained by a shunt between the subclavian artery and the left atrium. In the unblocked animals in 21 of 28 runs, a second-order polynomial equation gave a better fit for the ESPVR than a linear relation. To quantify the effects of the changes in aortic impedance on the ESPVR, we calculated from the quadratic equation its volume intercept (V18) and its local slope (E18) at an end-systolic pressure (Pes) of 18 kPa. In the unblocked animals, a statistically significant difference was found in V18 between low impedance (21.50 +/- 6.27 ml) and high impedance (14.10 +/- 8.98 ml; p less than 0.005) and between control (19.14 +/- 9.58 ml) and high impedance (p less than 0.05). In most dogs, E18 was increased at high and decreased at low impedance, but not significantly. In the additional experiments with beta-blockade, the nonlinearity diminished somewhat, but the load dependency of the ESPVR remained present after beta-blockade because the same leftward shift of the ESPVR with high aortic impedance was found. Two other relations, namely, of dP/dtmax and of stroke work versus end-diastolic volume, were also investigated, which on the whole showed the same behavior as the ESPVR. These results indicate that the ESPVR and dP/dtmax-Ved and stroke work-end-diastolic volume relations, when studied over a wide volume range, are nonlinear and that changes in loading conditions influence indexes of contractility derived from these relations, especially the volume intercepts, in such a way that an increase in aortic impedance may be interpreted as an increase in contractility. Blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors did not influence the load dependency of the ESPVR but, in some cases, tended to decrease the nonlinearity in concordance with the relation between contractility and nonlinearity in isolated hearts.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched Axially Chiral Anilides from Atropisomerically Enriched Tartarate Ortho-Anilides (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of Enantioenriched Axially Chiral Anilides from Atropisomerically Enriched Tartarate Ortho-AnilidesAli Ates and Dennis P. CurranView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 21, 5130–5131Publication Date (Web):May 3, 2001Publication History Received21 February 2001Published online3 May 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010467phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010467prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1653Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Hydrolysis,Mixtures,Molecular structure,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Small Aromatic Disulfide and Diselenide Molecules on Polycrystalline Gold Films:  A Comparative Study of the Geometrical Constraint Using Temperature-Dependent Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Electrochemistry (1999)

A detailed investigation of the self-assembled monolayers of diphenyl disulfide (DDS), diphenyl diselenide (DDSe), and naphthalene disulfide (NDS) on polycrystalline gold films using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemistry is presented. Whereas DDS dissociatively chemisorbs on Au, in both DDSe and NDS, the Se−Se and S−S bonds, respectively, are preserved upon adsorption. All of the molecules adsorb with the molecular plane perpendicular to the surface. Temperature-dependent SERS studies suggest that the DDS monolayer is by far the most stable one and is stable up to a temperature of 423 K. Both DDSe and NDS desorb without breaking the diselenide and disulfide bonds. None of the monolayers show any structural change upon heating. XPS investigations show the presence of beam-induced damage upon X-ray exposure to DDS and NDS monolayers, and the damage is greater in the latter. Electrochemical investigations support the SERS and XPS data. Number of pinholes and defects are much less in the DDS monolayer than in NDS and DDSe. The impedance parameters such as double-layer capacitance, charge-transfer resistance, and diffusion coefficients measured at different frequencies support the above conclusion. It is suggested that the geometric constraint imposed by the rigid naphthalene ring inhibits the cleavage of the S−S bond, and consequently, the adsorption sites for sulfurs are not strongly bonded. For DDSe, it appears that the Se−Se distance is such that appropriate binding sites are available, thus leading to a more ordered monolayer. For DDS, the facile cleavage of the S−S bond leads to strong binding of the adsorbate molecules at the preferred surface sites, resulting in a rather well-ordered self-assembled structure.
The Optimal Distribution of Pin Fins for Blade Tip Cap Underside Cooling (2014)

This article presents a geometric optimization study to maximize the total heat transfer rate between an array of discrete pin fins and the surrounding serpentine cooling flow. The fins are installed on the tip cap underside of a high-pressure turbine blade (HPTB) model. The study has three parts. In the first, the numerical model is validated against experimental data obtained with liquid crystal thermography. In the second part, the heat and fluid flow performance of the pin fin assembly is simulated numerically, using RANS turbulence models in the range 25,000 &lt; Re &lt; 100,000 and Pr ∼ 0.7. The effect of varying the spacing and the tip cap boundary condition is investigated. In the last part of the study, it is shown that the optimal spacing between the pin fins can be correlated following the same theoretical arguments derived in the previous investigations that used simpler geometries.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC—Cu‐Catalyzed Addition of Propargylboron Reagents to Phosphinoylimines. Enantioselective Synthesis of Trimethylsilyl‐Substituted Homoallenylamides and Application to the Synthesis of S‐(‐)‐Cyclooroidin. (2014)

Abstract The title reaction proceeds in very short reaction times with high chemoselectivity to give the allene in mostly 98% vs.
Implementing curve detectors for contour integration (2010)

We recently presented a model of contour integration in which grouping occurs due to the overlap of filter responses to the different elements [May, K.A. & Hess, R.F. (2008). Journal of Vision, 8(13):4, 1–23]. The image receives two stages of oriented filtering, separated by a nonlinearity. Then the filter output is thresholded to create a set of zero-bounded regions (ZBRs) within each orientation channel. Finally, spatially overlapping ZBRs in neighbouring orientation channels are linked to form 3D ZBRs within the space formed by the two dimensions of the image along with a third dimension representing orientation. If the 1st and 2nd stage filters have the same orientation, the model detects snakes, in which the elements are parallel to the contour path; if the 1st and 2nd stage filters are orthogonal, the model detects ladders, in which the elements are perpendicular to the path. The model detects both straight and curved contours, and correctly predicts that detection of ladders is largely unaffected by contour smoothness, but fails to explain the finding that jagged snakes are harder to detect than smooth snakes that follow an arc of a circle. The advantage for smooth snakes, and several other findings, suggest that the primitive features detected by snake-integration mechanisms are fragments of contour with constant sign of curvature. A detector for any shape of contour can be created by summing spatially shifted outputs from different orientation channels: this is equivalent to filtering with a receptive field that matches the desired shape, and would be simple to implement physiologically. We extended our earlier model by combining filter outputs in this way to create detectors for smooth contour fragments with a range of different curvatures. This approach makes the model more robust to noise, and explains the advantage for smoothly curved snakes.
Validation of the ALS Assay in Adult Patients with Culture Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2011)

Our findings show that simultaneous detection of antigens improves the diagnostic potential of the ALS assay; the modified method increases sensitivity and can provide results in <48 hours, and enable detection of some cases of pulmonary TB that are not detectable by standard methods.
Characterization of process-induced defects in 2.6-μm InGaAs photodiodes (1993)

Planar In<SUB>X</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-X</SUB>As photodiodes with a cut-off wavelength of 2600 nm suitable for fiber optic and other applications at temperature of over 50 degree(s)C were the subject of this investigation. They were VPE grown on a sulphur doped InP substrate with an InAs<SUB>y</SUB>P<SUB>1-y</SUB> epitaxial graded layer structure in order to suppress the propagation of mismatch dislocations from layer to layer and to accommodate the large lattice parameter mismatch between the InP substrate and the In<SUB>0.88</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.12</SUB>As absorption layer. Deep- level-transient-spectroscopy (DLTS) was utilized as the main method in characterization of process-induced defects in the lower-doped n-type InGaAs absorber material close to the p-n junction. DLTS spectra indicate a broad distribution of energy levels corresponding to electron traps. The peaks of the distribution are located at 0.25, 0.30, and 0.42 eV below the conduction band. The DLTS spectra are pulse length dependent and the maxima shift to higher temperature with an increase of the pulse length, indicating that additional states are located deeper in the energy gap. Dislocations are the main candidates to be responsible for such a behavior. Minority carrier traps have also been detected at the InAsP/InGaAs heterojunction with an apparent energy level at E<SUB>v</SUB> + 0.37 eV. Possible influences of the specific trap on the optoelectronic properties of these photodiodes are also discussed.