gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editorial: metabolic syndrome delays HBeAg seroclearance in Chinese patients with hepatitis B – authors' reply (2014)

We thank Drs Danta and Bradshaw for their comments.1 They pointed out the relevance of the interaction between metabolic syndrome and chronic hepatitis B (CHB), given the prevalence of the two diseases and the confounding effect of the age of patients. Our study of 413 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive, treatment-naïve patients were split into three groups of varying metabolic risks.2 The patients with metabolic risk factors (pre-MetS and MetS groups), despite being older compared with the normal group, had comparable baseline viral load, alanine aminotransferase level and genotype distribution which are all critical factors associated with delayed HBeAg seroconversion. To tackle the confounding effect of age, we chose age at HBeAg seroclearance as the time variable in the Cox regression analysis. This would avoid any younger patients entering the study with a longer follow-up without HBeAg seroclearance being censored and an older patient with HBeAg seroclearance within a short follow-up. We agree with the need to control key variables such as age and gender to tease out the specific interaction between obesity-related features and chronic hepatitis B. This would involve an age and gender-matched cohort with younger age patients and longer follow-up. The low prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the era of hepatitis B vaccine would make such studies difficult, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in younger patients would be low. Further studies should also investigate the effect of adipokines on viral clearance and validate the study findings in other populations.3, 4 The authors’ declarations of personal and financial interests are unchanged from those in the original article.2
An effective medium model for ultrasound blood characterization (2011)

Ultrasonic backscattered echoes from blood contain frequency-dependent information that can be used to obtain quantitative parameters reflecting the aggregation state of red blood cells (RBCs). A Structure Factor Model (SFM) adapted to dense media such as blood has been proposed by Savery and Cloutier (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2001). However, the SFMcan hardly be implemented to estimate the structural aggregate parameters in the framework of an inverse problem formulation. That is why Yu and Cloutier (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2007) recently developed the Structure Factor Size Estimator (SFSE) that uses a second-order Taylor expansion of the structure factor. But the SFSE parameterizes the frequency dependent backscatter coefficient (BSC) by two correlated physical parameters. The goal of this paper is to further develop this strategy by proposing a new scattering model that approximates the SFM.
Identification of new genes differentially expressed in breast carcinoma cells treated with human chorionic gonadotropin. (1998)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) inhibits the growth of human breast epithelial cells MCF-7. Differential display was utilized for analyzing RNA of hCG-treated MCF-7 cells in order to determine whether this effect was mediated by specific gene activation or repression. Three cDNA clones, 19, 29 and 44, were differentially expressed in treated cells. Clone 44, whose sequence matched a gene expressed in dexamethasone-treated T-cell hybridoma, was increased by approximately 4-fold, while clones 19 and 29 were markedly reduced by hCG treatment. These latter ones were considered to be novel genes, since no homology was found in the gene-bank. Our results indicate that hCG influences gene expression in mammary epithelial cells, supporting its potential role in breast cancer prevention and therapy.
Injection Molding (2010)

No AccessUnderstanding Polymer ProcessingOct 2010Injection MoldingTim A. OsswaldTim A. Osswaldhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446446038.006SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2010Pages: 111-136Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42404-3eISBN: 978-3-446-44603-8 Copyright & Permissions© 2011 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Comparative Charge Analysis of One- and Two-Level Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty Versus Circumferential Lumbar Fusion (2007)

Patients undergoing 1- and 2-level ProDisc total disc replacement spent significantly less time in the OR and had less EBL than controls. Charges were significantly lower for TDR compared with circumferential fusions in the 1-level patient group, while charges were similar in the 2-level group.
Reflection phase error analysis of microstrip reflectarrays (2015)

The radiation characteristics of a reflectarray antenna with element type combination is analyzed using reflection phase errors. The reflectarray is designed with the combination of three element types: square patch (SP), square ring (SR), and ring-loaded patch (RLP). The reflection phase error of the reflectarray is compared with those of two reflectarrays using single element types (SP and RLP, respectively). Compared to the reflectarrays with only SP elements or RLP elements, it is shown that the reflection phase errors are reduced with the combination of the element types at the target frequency, and thus improved radiation performances are achieved.
Automatic generation of trajectory planners for industrial robots (1985)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/7583/5/bad2124.0001.001.pdf
Activation of Distinct Transcription Factors in Neutrophils by Bacterial LPS, Interferon-γ, and GM-CSF and the Necessity to Overcome the Action of Endogenous Proteases (1998)

Human neutrophils can be induced to actively transcribe a number of early-response genes, in particular those encoding cytokines, chemokines, and the high-affinity surface receptor for IgG, FcgammaRI. Although little is known to date about the regulation of gene transcription in neutrophils, several indications point to a role for distinct transcription factors, such as members of the NF-kappaB and STAT families. In this study, we investigated whether these transcription factors become activated under stimulatory conditions which are known to induce gene transcription in neutrophils. Unexpectedly, we found that conventional procedures employed to prepare cellular extracts cause the release of proteolytic activities that are normally stored in intracellular granules, resulting in the degradation of various NF-kappaB/Rel and STAT proteins. To circumvent this problem, we developed an alternative procedure which allowed us to show that in neutrophils, LPS and TNFalpha induce a NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity which essentially consists of p50/RelA dimers, and that IFNgamma promotes the binding of STAT1 homodimers to the IFNgamma response region of the FcgammaRI promoter. Moreover, we report that neutrophil stimulation with GM-CSF results in the formation of a STAT5-containing DNA-binding activity. Collectively, the current findings open new perspectives about mechanisms that are likely to regulate gene transcription in neutrophils. In addition, the procedure described herein could prove useful in other cell types that express high levels of endogenous proteases.
Efficient parallelization using rank convergence in dynamic programming algorithms (2016)

This paper proposes an efficient parallel algorithm for an important class of dynamic programming problems that includes Viterbi, Needleman--Wunsch, Smith--Waterman, and Longest Common Subsequence. In dynamic programming, the subproblems that do not depend on each other, and thus can be computed in parallel, form stages, or wavefronts. The algorithm presented in this paper provides additional parallelism allowing multiple stages to be computed in parallel despite dependences among them. The correctness and the performance of the algorithm relies on rank convergence properties of matrix multiplication in the tropical semiring, formed with plus as the multiplicative operation and max as the additive operation. This paper demonstrates the efficiency of the parallel algorithm by showing significant speedups on a variety of important dynamic programming problems. In particular, the parallel Viterbi decoder is up to 24× faster (with 64 processors) than a highly optimized commercial baseline.&lt;!-- END_PAGE_1 --&gt;
Effets in vivo et ex vivo de régimes riches en isoflavones sur la formation osseuse chez le porcelet femelle impubère (2001)

*INRA Laboratoire nutrition et sécurité alimentaire, Jouy-en-Josas (FRA) Diffusion du document : INRA Laboratoire nutrition et sécurité alimentaire, Jouy-en-Josas (FRA)
A computational study of the Kemeny rule for preference aggregation (2004)

We consider from a computational perspective the problem of how to aggregate the ranking preferences of a number of alternatives by a number of different voters into a single consensus ranking, following the majority voting rule. Social welfare functions for aggregating preferences in this way have been widely studied since the time of Condorcet (1785). One drawback of majority voting procedures when three or more alternatives are being ranked is the presence of cycles in the majority preference relation. The Kemeny order is a social welfare function whicll has been designed to tackle the presence of such cycles. However computing a Kemeny order is known to be NP-hard. We develop a greedy heuristic and an exact branch and bound procedure for computing Kemeny orders. We present results of a computational study on these procedures.
Flux–Charge Memristor Model for Phase Change Memory (2017)

Phase-change memory (PCM) is one of the most promising non-volatile memory technologies and is finding applications in areas such as storage-class memory and emerging non-von Neumann computing systems. Even though powerful physics-based models have been developed for these devices, there is a lack of simple and accurate circuit models to describe these elements. In this brief, we exploit memristor theory to obtain a simple and reliable circuit model based on electrical variables such as charge and flux. This model is based on experimental measurements of PCM devices fabricated in the 90 nm technology node.
Massively multiplexed affinity characterization of therapeutic antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2022)

Antibody therapies represent a valuable tool to reduce COVID-19 deaths and hospitalizations. Multiple antibody candidates have been granted emergency use authorization by the Food and Drug Administration and many more are in clinical trials. Most antibody therapies for COVID-19 are engineered to bind to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and disrupt its interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Notably, several SARS-CoV-2 strains have accrued mutations throughout the RBD that improve ACE2 binding affinity, enhance viral transmission and escape some existing antibody therapies. Here, we measure the binding affinity of 33 therapeutic antibodies against a large panel of SARS-CoV-2 variants and related strains of clinical significance using AlphaSeq, a high-throughput yeast mating-based assay to determine epitopic residues, determine which mutations result in loss of binding and predict how future RBD variants may impact antibody efficacy.
Androgen-regulated processing of the oncomir MiR-27a, which targets Prohibitin in prostate cancer (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRs) play an important role in the development of many complex human diseases and may have tumour suppressor or oncogenic (oncomir) properties. Prostate cancer is initially an androgen-driven disease, and androgen receptor (AR) remains a key driver of growth even in castration-resistant tumours. However, AR-mediated oncomiR pathways remain to be elucidated. We demonstrate that miR-27a is an androgen-regulated oncomir in prostate cancer, acting via targeting the tumour suppressor and AR corepressor, Prohibitin (PHB). Increasing miR-27a expression results in reduced PHB mRNA and protein levels, and increased expression of AR target genes and prostate cancer cell growth. This involves a novel mechanism for androgen-mediated miR regulation, whereby AR induces a transient increase in miR-23a27a24-2 transcription, but more significantly accelerates processing of the primiR-23a27a24-2 cluster. Androgens therefore regulate miR-27a expression both transcriptionally (via AR binding to the cluster promoter) and post-transcriptionally (accelerating primiR processing to the mature form). We further show that a miR-27a anti-sense oligonucleotide, by opposing the effects of mir-27a, has therapeutic potential in prostate cancer.
18F-fluorobenzoylcystine - A novel radiotracer for tracking apoptosis (2013)

218 Objectives Induction of apoptosis is often associated with an oxidative stress response. N-(4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl)cystine (18F-FBC), a potential substrate of the cystine-glutamate exchanger (xCT) which is known to be upregulated under oxidative stress conditions, could serve as novel apoptosis imaging agent. Methods Radiosynthesis of 18F-FBC was achieved by coupling 18F-SFB with L-cystine di-tert-butyl ester followed by deprotection. Apoptosis was induced in EL4 and Jurkat cells with etoposide and staurosporine, respectively. Cell uptake of 18F-FBC in treated and non-treated cells and mixtures thereof was investigated. Apoptotic level was measured by Caspase-Glo assay. The distribution of 18F-FBC in EL4 tumor-bearing Balb/C mice 24h after i.p. administration of etoposide and cyclophosphamide or without treatment was assessed via PET/CT and gamma counting of excised organs. In vitro and ex vivo tracer stability was examined by HPLC analysis of mouse plasma and urine. Results Radiochemical yields of 18F-FBC of 5.9±4.4% (n=8, decay-corrected to end of synthesis of 18F-SFB) were achieved. Higher uptake of 18F-FBC was observed in cells induced for apoptosis than in non-treated cells (up to 5.6±1.2-fold for late apoptotic Jurkat). A strong correlation of uptake of 18F-FBC with apoptotic level was found for all cell types (R2=0.88-1). Uptake of 18F-FBC in late apoptotic EL4 could be partially blocked (57%) by co-incubation with 0.5mM L-cystine. Ex vivo biodistribution studies at 60min p.i. showed that 18F-FBC does not accumulate in EL4 tumors neither without (0.21±0.14 %ID/g, n=3) or with treatment (0.17±0.04 %ID/g, n=3). As confirmed by PET/CT imaging, it is instead excreted almost entirely by the kidneys (112-142 %ID/g). This is not due to complete degradation of 18F-FBC, as 60min p.i. 29% and 18% of intact tracer were still found in blood and urine, respectively. Conclusions Although uptake of 18F-FBC correlates well with apoptotic level in vitro, its potential as apoptosis imaging agent is limited because no in vivo tumor uptake was observed, at least in the model used in this study. Research Support We thank the Radiochemistry Facility and the Small Animal Imaging Center at Stanford for supporting this study.
Supplementary Figure 7A, B from Somatic Epigenetic Silencing of <i>RIPK3</i> Inactivates Necroptosis and Contributes to Chemoresistance in Malignant Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Re-expression of RIPK3 expression triggers necroptosis in RIPK3-negative MM cell lines, and RIPK3 inhibition rescues the cell death caused by necroptosis. A, RIPK3-negative MM cell lines M12 and M22 were transduced with WPI lentivirus expressing RIPK3 WT or empty vector and treated with the apoptosis inhibitor zVAD and/or the RIPK3 inhibitor GSK'872 for 1-4 d. Results of immunoblot analysis (24 h) and clonogenic assay (4 d) are shown. B, Cell viability determined with hemocytometer and trypan blue dye exclusion test.&lt;/p&gt;
Chemistry of o-xylenediyl–metal complexes. Part 5. Silicon and tin metallacycles derived from o-C6H4(CHR)2(R = H or SiMe3) (1992)

Treatment of SnCl2Ph2 with [Mg(LL)(thf)]6 or [Li(tmen)]2[o-C6H4{CH(SiMe3)}2]7 in OEt2 yields the stannacycle [[graphic omitted])Ph2]1 or [[graphic omitted]′-meso)Ph2]2{(LL)2–=o-C6H4(H2)2, (L′L′)2–=o-C6H4[H(SiMe3)]2, thf = tetrahydrofuran, tmen = Me2N[CH2]2NMe2}. Likewise, SnCl4 with 6 or 7 at 30 °C in OEt2 affords exclusively the stannaspirobicycle [[graphic omitted])2]3 or [[graphic omitted]′-meso)2]4; by contrast SnCl4 with 7 at –78 °C gives, together with 4(52%), the yellow, diamagnetic tin(II) metallacycle [{[graphic omitted]′-meso)}4](Sn–Sn)5(14%). Compound 5 is more conveniently prepared by treating Sn(OC6H2But2-2,6-Me-4)2 with 7; it is tetrameric in the solid and in solution, but monomeric in the gas phase and has a low first ionisation energy (7.6 eV). The compound [[graphic omitted])Me2]8 is obtained by an in situ Grignard reaction from SiCl2Me2, o-C6H4(CH2Cl)2 and Mg in thf, while [[graphic omitted]′-meso)Me2]9 is prepared from SiCl2Me2 and 7. Each of the metallacycles derived from the ligand (L′L′)2– was obtained stereospecifically as the meso diastereoisomer. X-Ray structure determinations of complexes 1–5 have been performed. The α,α′-unsubstituted metallacycles have shorter 〈Sn–Cα〉 distances (2.144 in 1, 2.147Å in 3) than the corresponding α,α′-bis(trimethylsilyl) derivatives (2.166 in 2, 2.174Å in 4). The C6CαCα′o-xylenediyl plane is folded relative to the MCαCα′ plane, the ‘fold angle’θ being 8.5 (1), 19.8 (2), 0.8 and 11.9 (3), 24.1 and 23.0 (4) and 20.8 °(5). The larger θ values for the [graphic omitted]L′) complexes 2 and 4 than for the their [graphic omitted]) counterparts 1 and 3(as for comparable Sn–Cα distances) is attributable to greater interligand strain and crowding around the metal centre in 2 and 4. Molecules of 5 have 4 symmetry, with Sn–Sn 2.852(3), Sn–Cα 2.15(3) and Sn–Cα′ 2.09(4)Å.
Emotion Detection for Conversations Based on Reinforcement Learning Framework (2021)

In this article, we propose a novel reinforcement learning network that keeps track of the gradual emotional changes from every utterance throughout the conversation and uses this information for each utterance's emotion detection. Concretely, we first establish an agent and, then, utilize sliding windows to extract the accumulated emotional information before the current utterance. We define the concatenation of accumulated emotional information and the contextual information as the state of the reinforcement learning framework. The action of the established agent is formulated as the emotional label of the current utterance. On this basis, we formulate the progressive emotional interaction process throughout the conversation as a sequential decision problem and solve it with the reinforcement learning framework. Detailed evaluations on the published multimodal MELD dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Thermal stability of amorphous Si-rich W silicide films composed of W-atom-encapsulated Si clusters (2017)

We demonstrate the excellent thermal stability of an amorphous film composed of W-atom-encapsulated Si (WSin) clusters with n ≥ 8, formed by thermal deposition using WF6 and SiH4 gas sources. To determine how the structure of the constituting clusters affects the thermal stability of the film, we also prepared films containing unencapsulated WSin clusters in which the W atom was not fully encapsulated in the Sin cage, with n ≤ 7. The effect of annealing was investigated by Raman scattering and optical absorption measurements with repeated 10-min isochronal annealing in a N2 atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 500 to 1100 °C. The films, composed of WSin clusters completely encapsulating W atoms with a uniform composition of n = 12, remained in the same amorphous structure up to 1000 °C, although partial crystallization of Si began at 1100 °C. The stability decreased when the film contained unencapsulated WSin clusters, even with an average film composition of n ≤ 10; partial crystallizations of Si and WSi2 were observed after annealing at 800 °C. Density-functional theory calculations indicate that a structure assembled from three encapsulated WSi12 clusters preserves the bonding topology of the constituting clusters in which Si atoms are strongly bonded, accounting for the high thermal stability of the film composed of encapsulated WSin clusters.
Backbone Amide Linker Strategies for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of C - Terminal Modified Peptides (2005)

This chapter describes backbone amide linker (BAL) strategies for the Nalpha-Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of C-terminal modified peptides. Most solid-phase protocols for the assembly of such peptides have limited generality, because they rely on the Calpha-carboxyl for attachment to the solid support. In the BAL approach, the growing peptide chain is anchored through a backbone nitrogen, thus allowing significant flexibility for chemical modification of the C-termini. In effect, any peptide containing C-terminal variations can be prepared in overall good purity and yield, with minimal side reactions, by using one or more of three variations (original and two modifications) of the BAL strategy.
Detecting Semantic Parts on Partially Occluded Objects (2017)

In this paper, we address the task of detecting semantic parts on partially occluded objects. We consider a scenario where the model is trained using non-occluded images but tested on occluded images. The motivation is that there are infinite number of occlusion patterns in real world, which cannot be fully covered in the training data. So the models should be inherently robust and adaptive to occlusions instead of fitting / learning the occlusion patterns in the training data. Our approach detects semantic parts by accumulating the confidence of local visual cues. Specifically, the method uses a simple voting method, based on log-likelihood ratio tests and spatial constraints, to combine the evidence of local cues. These cues are called visual concepts, which are derived by clustering the internal states of deep networks. We evaluate our voting scheme on the VehicleSemanticPart dataset with dense part annotations. We randomly place two, three or four irrelevant objects onto the target object to generate testing images with various occlusions. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms several competitors in semantic part detection when occlusions are present.
Toward EEG-Assisted Hearing Aids: Objective Threshold Estimation Based on Ear-EEG in Subjects With Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2018)

Electrophysiological feedback on activity in the auditory pathway may potentially advance the next generation of hearing aids. Conventional electroencephalographic (EEG) systems are, however, impractical during daily life and incompatible with hearing aids. Ear-EEG is a method in which the EEG is recorded from electrodes embedded in a hearing aid like earpiece. The method therefore provides an unobtrusive way of measuring neural activity suitable for use in everyday life. This study aimed to determine whether ear-EEG could be used to estimate hearing thresholds in subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. Specifically, ear-EEG was used to determine physiological thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz using auditory steady-state response measurements. To evaluate ear-EEG in relation to current methods, thresholds were estimated from a concurrently recorded conventional scalp EEG. The threshold detection rate for ear-EEG was 20% lower than the detection rate for scalp EEG. Thresholds estimated using in-ear referenced ear-EEG were found to be elevated at an average of 5.9, 2.3, 5.6, and 1.5 dB relative to scalp thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, respectively. No differences were found in the variance of means between in-ear ear-EEG and scalp EEG. In-ear ear-EEG, auditory steady-state response thresholds were found at 12.1 to 14.4 dB sensation level with an intersubject variation comparable to that of behavioral thresholds. Collectively, it is concluded that although further refinement of the method is needed to optimize the threshold detection rate, ear-EEG is a feasible method for hearing threshold level estimation in subjects with sensorineural hearing impairment.