gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A thermally actuated organic display device using thermo-chromatic polymer composite film with self-aligned patterns (2008)

A thermally actuated organic display device using UV-sensitive polydiacetylene (PDA)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film with self aligned patterns is presented. A novel technique that patterns UV-sensitive organic films on a transparent substrate using a chip-embedded photomask is demonstrated. In contrast to related works regarding PDA and its composites, the current investigation represents the first attempt to realize a PDA derivative film for a thermal-display. Micro-pixels ranging from 200 mum to 700 mum size were fabricated on a glass substrate. The transition tones of the blue, red and yellow micro-pixels were successfully tuned with embedded micro-heaters under the PDA-PVA layer using both low-temperature (75degC) and high-temperature (180degC) activation processes. The retention time was measured and found to be less than a few hundred milliseconds.
Sex-specific phenotypical and functional differences in peripheral human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells (2006)

Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells constitute a minor proportion of human peripheral blood T cells that can expand rapidly upon infection with microbial pathogens. Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell numbers change characteristically with age, rising from birth to puberty and gradually decreasing again beyond 30 years of age. In adults, female blood donors have significantly higher levels than males, implying that circulating Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells in women remain elevated for a longer period in life and drop less strikingly than in men. This loss in men is accompanied by a substantial depletion of CD27- CD45RA- and CD27- CD45RA+ effector T cells and a parallel increase in CD27+ CD45RA- central memory T cells while in women, the distribution of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cell subsets remains virtually unchanged. The phenotypical conversion in men older than 30 years is mirrored by an increased proliferative response of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells and a reduced interferon-gamma secretion upon stimulation with isopentenyl pyrophosphate in vitro.
Vaccination during pregnancy: Canadian maternity care providers' opinions and practices (2020)

A number of countries have implemented vaccination in pregnancy as a strategy to reduce the burden of influenza and pertussis. The aim of this study was to assess the involvement of Canadian maternity care providers in administration of vaccines to their pregnant patients. A cross-sectional web-based survey was sent to family physicians, obstetricians-gynecologists, midwives, pharmacists, and nurses. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine variables independently associated with offering vaccination services in pregnancy in providers' practice. A total of 1,135 participants participated. Overall, 64% (n = 724) of the participants reported offering vaccines in their practice and 56% (n = 632) reported offering vaccines to pregnant patients. The main reasons reported for not offering vaccination services in pregnancy were the belief that vaccination was outside of the scope of practice; logistical issues around access to vaccines; or lack of staff to administer vaccines. In multivariable analysis, the main factors associated with vaccination of pregnant patients in practices where vaccination services were offered were: providers' confidence in counseling pregnant patients about vaccines, seeing fewer than 11 pregnant patients on average each week, and being a nurse or a family physician. Although the majority of participants expressed strong support for vaccination during pregnancy, half were not offering vaccination services in their practice. Many were not equipped to offer vaccines in their practice or felt that it was not their role to do so. To enhance vaccine acceptance and uptake in pregnancy, it will be important to address the logistical barriers identified in this study.
Post X‐ray crystallographic studies of chymosin: the existence of two structural forms and the regulation of activity by the interaction with the histidine‐proline cluster of κ‐casein (1996)

Calf chymosin molecules exist in the two alternative structural forms: the first one has S1 and S3 binding pockets occluded by its own Tyr77 residue (the self-inhibited form); the second has these pockets free for a substrate binding (the active form). The preliminary incubation of the enzyme with a pentapeptide corresponding to the histidine-proline cluster of the specific substrate kappa-casein results in a 200-fold increase of the hydrolysis rate for the enzyme 'slow substrate'. The result suggests that the cluster is an allosteric effector that promotes the conversion of the enzyme into the active form. These data provide the experimental ground for the explanation of chymosin specificity towards kappa-casein.
Low-cost high-efficiency GDCI engines for low octane fuels (2023)

A GDCI engine has a piston arranged within a cylinder to provide a combustion chamber. According to one embodiment, the GDCI engine operates using a method that includes the steps of supplying a hydrocarbon fuel to the combustion chamber with a research octane number in the range of about 30-65. The hydrocarbon fuel is injected in completely stratified, multiple fuel injections before a start of combustion and supplying a naturally aspirated air charge to the combustion chamber.
Lithographic characterization of the field dependent astigmatism and alignment stability of a 0.3 numerical aperture extreme ultraviolet microfield optic (2005)

Here we describe the lithographic characterization of the astigmatism in a 0.3-numerical aperture extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microexposure tool installed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The lithographic results, measured across the field of view, are directly compared to EUV interferometry results obtained from the same tool at Berkeley during the optic alignment phase nearly one year prior to the lithographic characterization. The results suggest a possible long-term astigmatism drift on the order of 0.5nmrms. Moreover, the uncertainty in the lithographic characterization is shown to be approximately 0.1nmrms, similar to the precision previously demonstrated from EUV interferometry.
HBV infection in Belgium: results of the BASL observatory of 1,456 HBsAg carriers. (2012)

In Belgium, an inactive carrier state was a common form of chronic HBV infection. Using less restrictive criteria for classification of inactive carriers did not modify their main characteristics and seemed better adapted to clinical practice. Recent guidelines on management of HBV patients should be reinforced.
Treatment of proximal humerus fractures: comparison of shoulder and trauma surgeons. (2015)

Surgeons' disagreement about ideal treatment for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) may reflect a difference in training. We conducted a study to compare treatment decision-making by experienced shoulder and trauma fellowship--trained surgeons. Two expert shoulder surgeons and 2 expert trauma surgeons reviewed 100 consecutive PHFs surgically treated at another institution. Using available imaging, the examiners assigned scores for agreement with treatment decisions and for ratings of reduction/arthroplasty placement, fixation method, and radiographic outcomes. The scores were evaluated for interobserver reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients. Overall, these experienced surgeons agreed poorly with treatment decisions and fixation methods but agreed moderately on acceptable reductions/arthroplasty placement and final radiographic outcomes. Agreement on the final radiographic outcomes was more uniform and acceptable for both shoulder and trauma surgeons. Trauma surgeons agreed more with each other about treatment decisions than shoulder surgeons agreed with each other. In this study, surgeon disagreement and an aging population highlight the need for better evidence regarding optimal treatment for PHFs in order to improve consensus.
Preclinical models for prediction of immunotherapy outcomes and immune evasion mechanisms in genetically heterogeneous multiple myeloma (2023)

The historical lack of preclinical models reflecting the genetic heterogeneity of multiple myeloma (MM) hampers the advance of therapeutic discoveries. To circumvent this limitation, we screened mice engineered to carry eight MM lesions (NF-κB, KRAS, MYC, TP53, BCL2, cyclin D1, MMSET/NSD2 and c-MAF) combinatorially activated in B lymphocytes following T cell-driven immunization. Fifteen genetically diverse models developed bone marrow (BM) tumors fulfilling MM pathogenesis. Integrative analyses of ∼500 mice and ∼1,000 patients revealed a common MAPK-MYC genetic pathway that accelerated time to progression from precursor states across genetically heterogeneous MM. MYC-dependent time to progression conditioned immune evasion mechanisms that remodeled the BM microenvironment differently. Rapid MYC-driven progressors exhibited a high number of activated/exhausted CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells with reduced immunosuppressive regulatory T (T<sub>reg</sub>) cells, while late MYC acquisition in slow progressors was associated with lower CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration and more abundant T<sub>reg</sub> cells. Single-cell transcriptomics and functional assays defined a high ratio of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells versus T<sub>reg</sub> cells as a predictor of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In clinical series, high CD8<sup>+</sup> T/T<sub>reg</sub> cell ratios underlie early progression in untreated smoldering MM, and correlated with early relapse in newly diagnosed patients with MM under Len/Dex therapy. In ICB-refractory MM models, increasing CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell cytotoxicity or depleting T<sub>reg</sub> cells reversed immunotherapy resistance and yielded prolonged MM control. Our experimental models enable the correlation of MM genetic and immunological traits with preclinical therapy responses, which may inform the next-generation immunotherapy trials.
Atrial Fibrillation — What Is It and How Is It Treated? (2022)

In this short documentary, renowned experts discuss how our understanding of the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation has changed, with a focus on new therapeutic options such as catheter ablation, all explained for patients and families.
Rapid conformational fluctuations in a model of methylcellulose (2017)

Methylcellulose is a thermoresponsive polymer that undergoes a morphological transition at elevated temperature, forming uniform diameter fibrils. However, the gelation mechanism is still unclear, in particular, at higher polymer concentrations. We use Langevin dynamics simulations to investigate a coarse-grained model for methylcellulose that produces collapsed ringlike structures in dilute solution with a radius close to the fibrils observed in experiments. We show that the competition between the dihedral potential and self-attraction causes these collapsed states to undergo a rapid conformational change, which helps the chain to avoid kinetic traps by permitting a transition between collapsed states. If the dihedral potential is removed, the chains do not escape from their collapsed configuration, whereas at high dihedral potentials, the chains cannot stabilize the collapsed state. We provide systematic data on the effect of the dihedral potential in a model of methylcellulose, and discuss the implication of these previously overlooked rapid conformational fluctuations on the spontaneous formation of high-aspect-ratio fibrils.
Retinoid X Receptor Agonists Increase Bcl2a1 Expression and Decrease Apoptosis of Naive T Lymphocytes (2005)

Vitamin A affects many aspects of T lymphocyte development and function. The vitamin A metabolites all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid regulate gene expression by binding to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), while 9-cis-retinoic acid also binds to the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Naive DO11.10 T lymphocytes expressed mRNA and protein for RAR-alpha, RXR-alpha, and RXR-beta. DNA microarray analysis was used to identify RXR-responsive genes in naive DO11.10 T lymphocytes treated with the RXR agonist AGN194204. A total of 128 genes was differentially expressed, including 16 (15%) involved in cell growth or apoptosis. Among these was Bcl2a1, an antiapoptotic Bcl2 family member. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed this finding and demonstrated that Bcl2a1 mRNA expression was significantly greater in nonapoptotic than in apoptotic T lymphocytes. The RXR agonist 9-cis-retinoic acid also increased Bcl2a1 expression, although all-trans-retinoic acid and ligands for other RXR partner receptors did not. Treatment with AGN194204 and 9-cis-retinoic acid significantly decreased apoptosis measured by annexin V staining but did not affect expression of Bcl2 and Bcl-xL. Bcl2a1 promoter activity was examined using a luciferase promoter construct. Both AGN194204 and 9-cis-retinoic acid significantly increased luciferase activity. In summary, these data demonstrate that RXR agonists increase Bcl2a1 promoter activity and increase expression of Bcl2a1 in naive T lymphocytes but do not affect Bcl2 and Bcl-xL expression in naive T lymphocytes. Thus, this effect on Bcl2a1 expression may account for the decreased apoptosis seen in naive T lymphocytes treated with RXR agonists.
The effects of task dimensionality, endpoint deviation, throughput calculation, and experiment design on pointing measures and models (2011)

Fitts' law (1954) characterizes pointing speed-accuracy performance as throughput, whose invariance to target distances (A) and sizes (W) is known. However, it is unknown whether throughput and Fitts' law models in general are invariant to task dimensionality (1-D vs. 2-D), whether univariate (SDx) or bivariate (SDx,y) endpoint deviation is used, whether throughput is calculated using the mean-of-means approach or the slope-inverse approach, or whether Guiard's (2009) Form - Scale experiment design is used instead of fully crossed A-W factors. We empirically investigate the confluence of these issues, finding that Fitts' law is largely invariant across 1-D and 2-D, provided that univariate endpoint deviation (SDx) is used in both, but that for 2-D pointing data, bivariate endpoint deviation (SDx,y) results in better Fitts' law models. Also, the mean-of-means throughput calculation exhibits lower variance across subjects and dimensionalities than the slope-inverse calculation. In light of these and other findings, we offer recommendations for pointing evaluations, especially in 2-D. We also offer an evaluation tool called Fitts Study to facilitate comparisons.
KIR3DL2 may represent a novel therapeutic target in aggressive systemic peripheral T-cell lymphoma (2023)

International audience
Practicability and Influencing Factors of a Lean Burn Mode for Two-Stroke Engines in Hand-Held Powertools (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For many applications, such as scooters, hand-held power tools and many off-road vehicles, two-stroke engines are used as a preferred propulsion unit. These engines convince by a good power to weight ratio, a high durability and low maintenance technology and are therefore the first choice in this field of application. In general, already much development effort has been expended to improve those systems. However, an increasing environmental awareness, the protection of health and the shortage of fossil resources are the driving factors to further enhance the internal combustion process of those adapted two-stroke engines. The current focus here is on the reduction of emissions and fuel consumption with an at least constant power output.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An approach to address an improvement of engine efficiency can be covered by applying a lean combustion burn mode. In almost all combustion technology sectors, including furnaces, gas turbines and many internal combustion engines, a lean combustion is utilized. Possible advantages of a combustion process under lean conditions are low pollutant emissions and high efficiencies, because flame temperatures are typically low. Nevertheless, most air-cooled two-stroke engines still operate at wide open throttle with a rich air to fuel ratio. This is due to reliability, durability reasons and the ease of use. For that reason, it is mandatory to determine the key factors for the practicability of a lean burn mode for two-stroke engines. In this context, a new approach to implement a lean combustion is discussed and different influencing factors, which have an impact on lean combustion process, are investigated and analyzed. A thermodynamic loss analysis is performed to highlight the differences. Moreover, further research demands to realize a lean combustion in a series production engine are pointed out.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Monocyte dysregulation and systemic inflammation during pediatric falciparum malaria (2017)

Support for this work was provided by NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI095192-05), the Burroughs Wellcome Fund/American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, and the Rainbow Babies & Children's Foundation.
Endoscopic Surveillance and Ablative Therapy for Familial Adenomatosis Polyposis (FAP) Associated Duodenal Adenomas (2006)

Purpose: FAP is an autosomal dominant colorectal cancer syndrome. Endoscopic management and surgical intervention aim to reduce polyp burden and maintain favorable histology. Suitable time intervals for endoscopic surveillance and long term effectiveness of ablative therapy are unknown. The aims of this study were 1) To determine the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance and ablative therapy of FAP associated duodenal adenomas and 2) To determine the incidence and management of ampullary adenoma recurrence and disease follow up. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical, demographic, endoscopic, surgical and histological records of 48 FAP patients (M/F: 20/28) enrolled in a program of upper GI surveillance and ablative therapy from 1992 to 2006. Results: Endoscopic surveillance began at a median of 10 years (Range 0–33) following prophylactic colorectal surgery, with a presentation age of 42 years (Range 13–65). Forty three (90%) patients had evidence of ampullary and/or distal duodenal polyps with a Spiegleman Classification Stage of 3 (Range 2–4). Duodenal tubular adenomas with low grade dysplasia were identified in 38/43 (88%) of patients. A tubular adenoma with high grade dysplasia was identified in one other (2%). Each patient had a median of 5 upper endoscopic procedures, of which 3 (Range 0–13) were ablative therapies over 69 months (Range 1–256). Polyp recurrence post ablative therapy occurred in 13/43 (30%) at 46 months (Range 20–125). All recurrence was managed endoscopically. One patient experienced histological progression of a non periampullary duodenal adenoma to high grade dysplasia; otherwise all other adenomas were histologically stable over time. Seven patients (15%) experienced ablative therapy related complications: pancreatitis (n = 4), procedural bleeding (n = 1) and delayed bleeding (n = 2). Conclusions: Endoscopic surveillance and ablative therapy of FAP associated duodenal adenomas achieved and maintained histological regression in 70%. All recurrence, presenting at 46 months post ablative therapy was managed endoscopically.
Performance evaluation of wavelength division multiplexed radio-over-fiber de-multiplexer in frequency-modulated continuous-wave signal delivery systems (2014)

A wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) radio-over-fiber (RoF) de-multiplexer, which is specially designed for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM-CW) signal delivery systems, is newly developed. The characteristics of the developed de-multiplexer are described and then the de-multiplexing performances of 4-channel WDM 32-GHz-band and 8-channel WDM 48-GHz-band FM-CW RoF signals are evaluated with the de-multiplexer.
Spontaneous Formation of a Vesicle Multilayer on Top of an Exponentially Growing Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Mediated by Diffusing Poly-l-lysine (2011)

We observed the spontaneous formation of vesicle-multilayers on top of a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM). By varying the thickness of underlying PEM (uPEM) it was possible to tailor the amount of adsorbing liposomes. Thereby, the loading capacity could be increased up to 17 times with respect to a monolayer of vesicles for an uPEM of 50.5 bilayers. We, furthermore, proved that the formation of the vesicle multilayer is due to the ability of poly-L-lysine to diffuse within the uPEM. This method could be interesting for applications in sensors and drug delivery systems where the increase in loading capacity is highly desired.
Star PolyMOCs with Diverse Structures, Dynamics, and Functions by Three‐Component Assembly (2016)

Abstract We report star polymer metal–organic cage (polyMOC) materials whose structures, mechanical properties, functionalities, and dynamics can all be precisely tailored through a simple three‐component assembly strategy. The star polyMOC network is composed of tetra‐arm star polymers functionalized with ligands on the chain ends, small molecule ligands, and palladium ions; polyMOCs are formed via metal–ligand coordination and thermal annealing. The ratio of small molecule ligands to polymer‐bound ligands determines the connectivity of the MOC junctions and the network structure. The use of large M 12 L 24 MOCs enables great flexibility in tuning this ratio, which provides access to a rich spectrum of material properties including tunable moduli and relaxation dynamics.
Editorial (2020)

It is thanks to the diligent and painstaking service of its Editorial Board that the Journal of MicroElectroMechanical System (JMEMS) has maintained its prestige over the years and it is recognized as one of the most relevant collection of publications related to MEMS research activities. The Associate Editors of JMEMS work very hard with authors and reviewers to make sure papers of the highest quality are published through the most fair and rapid review process. As part of the JMEMS mission to serve its community at its best and facilitate dissemination of high quality and high impact ideas, we periodically renew our Editorial Board and ensure we have broad representation of all its constituencies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 2,4,5,6‐Tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6‐Tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrazoles by Intramolecular Nitrilimine Cycloaddition. (2014)

Abstract Treatment of sensitive hydrazonyl chlorides with triethylamine results in the formation of nitrilimine intermediates.
Problem-Based and Project-Oriented Learning. An Efficient Way to Implement Research Based Teaching in Power Electronic (2006)

Power electronics is an emerging technology. New applications are added every year as well as the power handling capabilities is steadily increasing. One example is renewable energy, which is efficiently enabled by power electronics. The demands to the education of engineers in this field are also increasing. Generally, the content of the curriculum should be more expanded without extra study time. This paper presents a teaching approach, which very fast makes it possible for the students to obtain in-depth skills into new research areas, and this method is the problem-oriented and project-based learning. The necessary skills for power electronic engineers are outlined that is followed up by a description on how the problem-oriented and project-based learning are implemented. A complete curriculum in power electronics and drives at Aalborg University is presented where different power electronics related projects at different study levels are finally presented.