gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune stealth-driven O2 serotype prevalence and potential for therapeutic antibodies against multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (2017)

Emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria are a challenge for modern medicine, but how these pathogens are so successful is not fully understood. Robust antibacterial vaccines have prevented and reduced resistance suggesting a pivotal role for immunity in deterring antibiotic resistance. Here, we show the increased prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide O2 serotype strains in all major drug resistance groups correlating with a paucity of anti-O2 antibodies in human B cell repertoires. We identify human monoclonal antibodies to O-antigens that are highly protective in mouse models of infection, even against heavily encapsulated strains. These antibodies, including a rare anti-O2 specific antibody, synergistically protect against drug-resistant strains in adjunctive therapy with meropenem, a standard-of-care antibiotic, confirming the importance of immune assistance in antibiotic therapy. These findings support an antibody-based immunotherapeutic strategy even for highly resistant K. pneumoniae infections, and underscore the effect humoral immunity has on evolving drug resistance.
Schisandrae Fructus ethanol extract attenuates particulate matter 2.5-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses by blocking the activation of the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway (2021)

Our findings suggest that SF exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against PM2.5 through ROS-dependent down-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and that SF can be a potential functional substance to prevent PM2.5-mediated inflammatory and oxidative damage.
A simple, sterile food source for rearing the larvae of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (1995)

Larvae of the sheep blowfly Lucilia sericata (Meigen) were reared on various mixtures of puréed liver, agar, brewer's yeast and trypsin, in order to develop a simple, sterile, tissue-based diet. Growth and survival rates of larvae reared on a sterile 1:1 mixture of puréed liver with 3% Bacto agar equalled or exceeded those of larvae reared on raw liver. The addition of yeast and/or trypsin to the medium was of no additional benefit. This sterile, homogenous, tissue-based substrate offers a simple, convenient, inexpensive growth medium for rearing larvae for maggot therapy, and for testing the effects of various chemicals and dietary constituents on necrophagous insect larvae. It may be useful, therefore, in studies of myiasis, forensic entomology, and toxicology. This rearing medium also has the advantage that it can be stored for many months at room temperature without progressive decomposition or offensive odour.
Endoscopic photoconversion reveals unexpectedly broad leukocyte trafficking to and from the gut (2014)

Given mounting evidence of the importance of gut-microbiota/immune-cell interactions in immune homeostasis and responsiveness, surprisingly little is known about leukocyte movements to, and especially from, the gut. We address this topic in a minimally perturbant manner using Kaede transgenic mice, which universally express a photoconvertible fluorescent reporter. Transcutaneous exposure of the cervical lymph nodes to violet light permitted punctual tagging of immune cells specifically therein, and subsequent monitoring of their immigration to the intestine; endoscopic flashing of the descending colon allowed specific labeling of intestinal leukocytes and tracking of their emigration. Our data reveal an unexpectedly broad movement of leukocyte subsets to and from the gut at steady state, encompassing all lymphoid and myeloid populations examined. Nonetheless, different subsets showed different trafficking proclivities (e.g., regulatory T cells were more restrained than conventional T cells in their exodus from the cervical lymph nodes). The novel endoscopic approach enabled us to evidence gut-derived Th17 cells in the spleens of K/BxN mice at the onset of their genetically determined arthritis, thereby furnishing a critical mechanistic link between the intestinal microbiota, namely segmented filamentous bacteria, and an extraintestinal autoinflammatory disease.
Prediction of optimal catalysts for a given chemical reaction (2020)

We show that the optimal catalyst for a given reaction equalizes the free energies of intermediates in an adsorbed phase, and in consequence is described by a surface energy proportional to the enthalpy of this reaction.
Claisen Rearrangement of Allyl Vinyl Ether (1994)

A free energy of hydration profile for the Claisen rearrangement of allyl vinyl ether (AVE) has been obtained from Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations at 25 °C. The gas-phase minimum energy reaction path through the chair transition state was determined from ab initio 6-31G(d) calculations and was followed in a periodic cell containing 838 water molecules. The transition state is computed to be 3.85 ± 0.16 kcal/mol better hydrated than the reactant, which corresponds to a rate increase by a factor of 664 over the gas-phase reaction. This large effect is shown to be consistent with available experimental data. The origin of the effect is analyzed. The energetic impact of multiple conformational states for the reactant has also been considered.
Light-Induced Halide Segregation in 2D and Quasi-2D Mixed-Halide Perovskites (2023)

Photoinduced halide segregation hinders widespread application of three-dimensional (3D) mixed-halide perovskites. Much less is known about this phenomenon in lower-dimensional systems. Here, we study photoinduced halide segregation in lower-dimensional mixed iodide-bromide perovskites (PEA<sub>2</sub>MA <sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>Pb <sub><i>n</i></sub> (Br <sub><i>x</i></sub> I<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> )<sub>3<i>n</i>+1</sub>, with PEA<sup>+</sup>: phenethylammonium and MA<sup>+</sup>: methylammonium) through time-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. We show that layered two-dimensional (2D) structures render additional stability against the demixing of halide phases under illumination. We ascribe this behavior to reduced halide mobility due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of 2D mixed-halide perovskites, which we demonstrate via <sup>207</sup>Pb solid-state NMR. However, the dimensionality of the 2D phase is critical in regulating photostability. By tracking the PL of multidimensional perovskite films under illumination, we find that while halide segregation is largely inhibited in 2D perovskites (<i>n</i> = 1), it is not suppressed in quasi-2D phases (<i>n</i> = 2), which display a behavior intermediate between 2D and 3D and a peculiar absence of halide redistribution in the dark that is only induced at higher temperature for the quasi-2D phase.
Consolidation and high‐temperature properties of ceramics in the TaC–NbC system (2022)

Abstract In this study, we explored the consolidation, solid‐solution formation, and high‐temperature properties of carbides in the Ta–Nb–C system. The tantalum niobium carbide bulks can be consolidated by spark‐plasma sintering only at a temperature of 2200°C using a 30‐min dwell. The ceramics were homogeneous solid solutions and a linear dependence of the lattice parameters on the NbC content was observed. The average grain size varied between 10 and 30 μm, while the reference monolithic tantalum carbide consolidated under similar conditions had a grain size exceeding 40 μm. The room temperature strength linearly decreased from TaC to NbC. The 75 mol% NbC ceramic showed almost an unchanged strength up to 1600°C (450 ± 20 MPa), following the linear decrease in strength to 290 MPa at 2000°C. The monolithic tantalum carbide had showed the lowest strength at 2000°C among the studied ceramics.
Evolutionary relationship between immunoglobulins and transplantation antigens. (1975)

The major human and murine histocompatibility antigens are tetrameric molecules with an apparent molecular weight of about 130,000. They are composed of two types of polypeptide chains. The two light chains, previously identified as beta2-microglobulins, are bound to the two heavy, alloantigenic HL-A or H-2 polypeptide chains by noncovalent interactions only. The heavy chains are held together by disulfide bridge(s) located in the part of the molecule that is attached to the cell membrane. By limited proteolysis of the histocompatibility antigens evidence was obtained suggesting that the heavy chain may consist of three compact domains connected by more extended stretches of polypeptide chain. Each domain appeared to contain a single disulfide bride encompassing about 60 to 70 amino-acid residues. Staphylococcus aureus protein A is known to bind exclusively to the Fe region of immunoglobulin G. It was, however, observed that protein A interacts in a similar way with the H-2 antigen heavy chain. This observation, together withthe homology of the primary structure of beta2-microglobulin to immunoglobulin G, the tetrameric structure of the alloantigens, the ogranizations of the heavy polypeptide chain into compact domains, and the presence of a single, immunoglobulin-like disulfide loop in each domain, establishes a close similarity in structure between histocompatibility antigens and immunoglobulins. The similarity in structural features suggests a common evolutionary origin of the two types of molecules.
Nd3+-doped graded index single-mode polymer waveguide amplifier working at 1.06 and 1.32 μm (1994)

In this paper, we report a graded index (GRIN) polymer waveguide amplifier working at 1.06 micrometers wavelength using Nd-doped photolime gel as the active medium. Fluorescent spectrum at 1.32 micrometers region was also observed for the first time. The polymer introduced is soluble in water. As a result, the chemical compounds containing rare earth ions (REIs) can be mixed with the host polymer as long as they are hydrophilic. But the doping concentrations should be below the level of microscopic clustering which quenches the active ions. There are other quenchers which shorten the lifetime of metastable states of active ions.
Hypoxia shapes the immune landscape in lung injury promoting inflammation persistence (2022)

Abstract Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), an often-fatal complication of pulmonary or systemic inflammation, has no cure. Hypoxemia is a defining feature, yet its impact on inflammation is often neglected. Patients with ARDS are monocytopenic early in the onset of the disease. Endotoxin or Streptococcus pneumoniae acute lung injury (ALI) in the context of hypoxia replicates this finding, through hypoxia-driven suppression of type I interferon signalling. This results in failed lung monocyte-derived interstitial macrophages (IM) niche expansion and unchecked neutrophilic inflammation. Administration of colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) rescues the monocytopenia, alters the circulating classical monocyte phenotype in hypoxic endotoxin-driven ALI and enables lung IM population expansion, thus limiting lung injury in endotoxin- and virally-induced hypoxic ALI. Hypoxia directly alters immune dynamics to the detriment of the host and manipulation of this aberrant response offers new therapeutic strategies for ARDS.
Effect of Reduced Boost Air Temperature on Knock Limited Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effect of low temperature intake air on the knock limited brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) in a spark ignited natural gas engine is described in this paper. This work was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using the vaporization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) to reduce the intake air temperature of engines operating on LNG fuel. The effect on steady-state emissions and transient response are also reported. Three different intake air temperatures were tested and evaluated as to their impact upon engine performance and gaseous emissions output. The results of these tests are as follows. The reduced intake air temperature allowed for a 30.7% (501 kPa) increase in the knock-limited BMEP (comparing the 10°C (50°F) intake air results with the 54.4°C (130°F) results). Exhaust emissions were recorded at constant BMEP for varying intake air temperatures. The raw BSNO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were reduced by 0.6% (0.1 g/kW-hr, not a significant change) due to the chilled air, but the corrected BSNO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were reduced by 17.8% (3.4 g/kW-hr). The BSHC emissions were reduced by 39.9% (0.5 g/kW-hr). The BSCO emissions, however, were increased by 7.5% (0.2 g/kW-hr). Transient engine response revealed that the use of reduced temperature intake air provided a 15.3% (1.43 second) improvement in the time required to obtain an engine speed of 1600 rpm. Similarly, the chilled intake air reduced the time required to reach a set manifold air pressure of 212.4 kPa (30.8 psia) by 11.5% (1.21 seconds).&lt;/div&gt;
21st Century Locomotive Technology: Quarterly Technical Status Report 17 DOE/AL68284-TSR17 (2007)

Studies of nozzle optimization for a new piston bowl design were performed.
Supramolecular and Macromolecular Approaches Toward Functional Nanomaterials (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High-entropy Hamming embedding of local image descriptors using random projections (2009)

We present a method of transforming local image descriptors into a compact form of bit-sequences whose similarity is determined by Hamming distance. Following the locality-sensitive hashing approach, the descriptors are projected on a set of random directions that are learned from a set of non-matching data. The learned random projections result in high-entropy binary codes (HE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) that outperform codes based on standard random projections in match/non-match classification and nearest neighbor search. Despite of data compression and granularity of Hamming space, HE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -descriptor outperforms the original descriptor in the classification task. In nearest neighbor search task, the performance of the HE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -descriptor is asymptotic to the performance of the original descriptor. As a supporting result, we obtain another descriptor, HE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> + 1, and demonstrate that the performance of the original descriptor can be improved by adding a few bits derived from the descriptor itself.
Symmetric Snapback Primers for Scanning and Genotyping of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Gene (2013)

CFTR analysis by sequential scanning and genotyping with snapback primers is a good match for targeted clinical genetics, for which high analytical accuracy and rapid turnaround times are important.
Efficient Trajectory Optimization for Robot Motion Planning (2018)

Motion planning for multi-jointed robots is challenging. Due to the inherent complexity of the problem, most existing works decompose motion planning as easier subproblems. However, because of the inconsistent performance metrics, only sub-optimal solution can be found by decomposition based approaches. This paper presents an optimal control based approach to address the path planning and trajectory planning subproblems simultaneously. Unlike similar works which either ignore robot dynamics or require long computation time, an efficient numerical method for trajectory optimization is presented in this paper for motion planning involving complicated robot dynamics. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown by numerical results. Experimental results are used to show the feasibility of the presented planning algorithm.
Efficient gas-phase generation of coherent vacuum ultraviolet radiation (1999)

We report the demonstration of a pulsed atomic lead (Pb) vapor-based vacuum ultraviolet frequency converter from 233 to 186 nm with unity photon-conversion efficiency. This conversion is attained without phase matching.
Free-space optical data link to a small robot using modulating retroreflectors (2009)

Small robots are finding increasing use for operations in areas that may be dangerous to humans. These robots often have needs for high bandwidth communications to return video and other data. While radio frequency (RF) links can be used in may cases, in some circumstances they may be impractical due to frequency congestion, reflections off surfaces, jamming or other RF noise. In these cases an optical link may be advantageous, particularly when a clear line of sight exists. However, a conventional optical link has limitations for this application. For example, a conventional optical link operating at rates of megabits per second at ranges of 1 Km requires about a 1 degree pointing accuracy. This implies a need for active pointing and tracking, which maybe be unacceptable for a small platform. We explored an optical modulating retroreflector (MRR) link for these cases. An array of 6 MRRs and photodetectors with a field of view of 180 degrees (azimuth)x 30 degrees (elevation) was constructed and mounted a small robot, the iRobot Packbot<sup>TM</sup>. An Ethernet modem designed to work with MRR links was also part of the system. Using a tracking laser interrogator at the other end of the link, a 1.5 Mbps free space optical Ethernet link was established that completely replaced the normal RF Ethernet link. The link was demonstrated out to ranges of 1 Km down a road, exceeding the range of the RF link. Design issues and measurements of performance will be described.
Kompletter Oberflächenersatz des Fingermittelgelenks - Langzeitresultate und chirurgische Technik (2000)

Pain, weakness, malalignment and limited range of motion (ROM) at the PIP joint following arthrosis (degenerative or post-traumatic) or rheumatoid arthritis frequently require surgical treatment. PIP joint fusion or implantation of a prosthetic device are options. The purpose of this study was to report our long-term results with a surface replacement PIP arthroplasty (SR PIP arthroplasty) and the description of our operative technique. 82 prostheses were done in 60 patients between 1980 and 1999. All patients were reexamined, the average follow up was 64 months (12 to 260 months); average age was 57 years. 48 patients were operated on the right hand, 12 on the left hand. 44 patients were female, 16 were male. All patients complained of pain preoperatively. Patients were divided into three groups: A degenerative arthrosis, B posttraumatic arthrosis and C inflammatory arthritis. Active range of motion of all fingers of the operated hand, grip-strength, pain relief, joint stability or deformity and comprehensive radiographic assessment were studied. The subjective impressions of the patients were measured in four grades: very satisfied--satisfied--dissatisfied--very dissatisfied. Finally the investigators divided the overall results in: good--fair--poor. The average flexion arc was 31 degrees (maximum 15 degrees hyperextension to 95 degrees flexion) preoperatively and 47 degrees (maximum 14 degrees hyperextension to 90 degrees flexion) postoperatively. Over 70% of the patients had complete pain relief. In 12 fingers secondary procedures were necessary, usually related to soft tissue deformity and extensor tendon function. No arthrodesis was performed as a following operation. In 40 fingers a good result was achieved (49%), 25 had a fair (30%) and 17 (21%) a poor result. Our results of resurfacing PIP arthroplasty are encouraging and provide equal and usually improved motion in comparison with other joints. With experience and refinements of the operative technique our confidence in surface replacement arthroplasty has increased. For this reason we prefer this procedure for posttraumatic or degenerative arthrosis as against PIP joint fusion or silastic implants.
MVA-BN as monkeypox vaccine for healthy and immunocompromised (2020)

Background: Over 100 monkeypox (MPX) cases were reported in Nigeria since 2017, with travelers to the UK, Israel, and Singapore becoming ill and incidents of secondary transmission further raising concerns. MVA-BN (JYNNEOS) is the only approved MPX vaccine, with nonclinical and clinical evidence supporting its safety and efficacy. Methods and materials: In a nonclinical study, cynomolgus macaques were vaccinated with placebo (N = 5), 1 standard MVA-BN dose (N = 6), or 2 standard MVA-BN doses 4 weeks apart (N = 6) before intravenous challenge with MPX virus 5 weeks later. In a Phase 2 clinical study evaluating safety and immunogenicity of MVA-BN in humans with a history of AIDS (CD4 nadir ≤ 200 cells/μL), participants were randomized to receive 2 standard (N = 27) or double doses (N = 29) 4 weeks apart or 2 standard doses on the same schedule with a 12-week booster (N = 31). In both studies, safety was monitored and neutralizing antibody levels and seroconversion (antibody appearance or ≥2× baseline level) assessed. Standard dose was ≥0.5 × 108 TCID50. Results: In macaques, 1 or 2 doses of MVA-BN was 100% protective against MPX compared with those receiving placebo, who all succumbed to infection. A single dose induced a rapid neutralizing response in macaques with 100% seroconversion after 2 weeks. In immunocompromised humans, seroconversion with the standard dose was 60.0% four weeks post-dose 1 and 100% two weeks post-dose 2. Doubling the dose did not strengthen the neutralizing response, but a booster resulted in 1.7-fold higher antibody levels compared to the standard schedule at 12 months. In both macaques and humans, antibody levels post-dose 2 were higher compared with post-dose 1 (by approximately 10- and 20-fold, respectively) and comparable to levels previously correlated with orthopox virus protection. In humans, injection site pain was the most common AE (66.7%) and no vaccine-related SAEs or AEs of special interest were reported. Conclusion: MVA-BN was immunogenic and reached levels considered protective in both macaques and humans. FDA approved MVA-BN (September 2019) for use in adults aged ≥18 years (including immune compromised individuals) at high risk for smallpox or MPX infection.
Functional Bioinorganic Hybrids from Enzymes and Luminescent Silicon-Based Nanoparticles (2018)

This study reports the preparation of functional bioinorganic hybrid materials exhibiting catalytic activity and photoluminescent properties arising from the combination of enzymes and freestanding silicon-based nanoparticles. The hybrid materials reported herein have potential applications in biological sensing/imaging and theranostics, as they combine long-lived silicon-based nanoparticle photoluminescence with substrate-specific enzymatic activity. Thermal hydrosilylation of undecenoic acid and alkene-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) with hydride-terminated silicon nanocrystals afforded nanoparticles functionalized with a mixed surface made up of carboxylic acid and poly(ethylene oxide) moieties. These silicon-based nanoparticles were subsequently conjugated with prototypical enzymes through the carbodiimide-mediated amide coupling reaction in order to form bioinorganic hybrids that display solubility and photostability in phosphate buffer, photoluminescence (λ<sub>max</sub> = 630 nm), and enzymatic activity. They were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), photoluminescence spectroscopy, and pertinent enzyme activity assays.