gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for a Light Higgs Boson Decaying to Long-Lived Weakly Interacting Particles in Proton-Proton Collisions ats=7  TeVwith the ATLAS Detector (2012)

A search for the decay of a light Higgs boson (120-140 GeV) to a pair of weakly interacting, long-lived particles in 1.94 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS detector is presented. The search strategy requires that both long-lived particles decay inside the muon spectrometer. No excess of events is observed above the expected background and limits on the Higgs boson production times branching ratio to weakly interacting, long-lived particles are derived as a function of the particle proper decay length.
Supervised learning in spiking neural networks with MLC PCM synapses (2017)

We demonstrate for the first time, the feasibility of supervised learning in third generation Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) using multi-level cell (MLC) phase change memory (PCM) synapses [1]. We highlight two key novel contributions: (i) As opposed to second generation neural networks that are used in machine learning algorithms [2], or spike timing dependent plasticity based unsupervised learning in SNNs [3], we use a spike-triggered supervised learning algorithm (NormAD [4]) for the weight updates. (ii) SNN learning capability is demonstrated using a comprehensive phenomenological model of MLC PCM that accurately captures the statistics of programming inter-cell and intra-cell variability. This work is a harbinger to efficient supervised SNN learning systems.
Click JAHAs: conformationally restricted ferrocene-based histone deacetylase inhibitors (2011)

The ferrocene analogue <bold>4b</bold> had an IC<sub>50</sub> = 4 nM (HDAC1), 180 nM (HDAC8) and was effective in a <italic>Xenopus</italic> model of tubulin deacetylation. Analogue <bold>4a</bold> displayed mainly μM IC<sub>50</sub> values against HDACs apart from HDAC6 (IC<sub>50</sub> = 69 nM).
Management Briefs: Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on Selected Walleye Electrophoretic Phenotypes (1990)

Samples of white muscle and liver tissue from walleyes Stizostedion vitreum were Subjected to various storage regimes to determine the effect of Storage temperature on the biochemical integrity of three proteins commonly assayed in electrophoretic analyses (white muscle malate dehydrogenase, white muscle myogen, and liver isocitrate dehydrogenase). Samples stored on wet ice (0°C) for 24 h, followed by Storage for up to 306 d in a Standard freezer (–15°C), provided electrophoretic results similar to those for samples that were stored in liquid nitrogen (–195°C) immediately after death of the Subject fish. Tissue samples Stored in an ultracold freezer (–70°C) for longer than 3 years Showed no protein degradation.
Estimation of Physicochemical and ADME Parameters (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction ADME/PK Considerations in Combinatorial Library Design Estimation of ADME/PK from Physicochemical Parameters Models for Permeation Through Membranes (Absorption) Models for Distribution in the Body Models for Clearance and Metabolism Estimation of Physicochemical Parameters Lipophilicity Solubility Including pKa Effects Plasma Protein Binding References
Mixed Diketonate Thiolate Copper(I) Precursors for Materials Synthesis: Control of Cu2S‐Forming Thermolysis Pathways by Manipulating Lewis Acid and Base Cluster Building Blocks (2006)

Präziser Schnitt: Durch Kombination Lewis-saurer und Lewis-basischer Bausteine in Kupfer(I)-Thiolat-Clustern beim Design neuer molekularer Vorstufen für die Cu2S-Bildung lässt sich der Verlauf der thermischen Zersetzung steuern. Nach der Spaltung von C-S-Bindungen wurden große Cluster mit Kupfer(I)-sulfid-Kernen als Zwischenstufen isoliert und strukturell charakterisiert (siehe Schema; hfa=Hexafluoracetylacetonat).
Polyether ionophores: broad-spectrum and promising biologically active molecules for the control of drug-resistant bacteria and parasites (2009)

Polyether ionophores show a high degree of promise for the potential control of drug-resistant bacterial and parasitic infections. Despite the long history of use of this class of drugs, very limited medicinal chemistry and drug optimization studies have been reported, thus leaving the door open to these opportunities in the future. Scifinder and PubMed were the main search engines used to locate articles relevant to the topic presented in the present review. Keywords used in our search were specific names of each of the 88 compounds presented in the review as well as more general terms such as polyethers, ionophores, carboxylic polyethers and polyether antibiotics.
Synaptotagmin 1 oligomerization via the juxtamembrane linker regulates spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release (2021)

ABSTRACT Synaptotagmin-1 (syt1) is a Ca 2+ sensor that regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Cell-based experiments suggest that syt1 functions as a multimer, however biochemical and electron microscopy studies have yielded contradictory findings regarding putative self-association. Here, we performed dynamic light scattering on syt1 in solution, followed by electron microscopy, and used atomic force microscopy to study syt1 self-association on supported lipid bilayers under aqueous conditions. Ring-like multimers were clearly observed. Multimerization was enhanced by Ca 2+ and required anionic phospholipids. Large ring-like structures (∼180 nm) were reduced to smaller rings (∼30 nm) upon neutralization of a cluster of juxtamembrane lysine residues; further substitution of residues in the second C2-domain completely abolished self-association. When expressed in neurons, syt1 mutants with graded reductions in self-association activity exhibited concomitant reductions in: a) clamping spontaneous release, and b) triggering and synchronizing evoked release. Thus, the juxtamembrane linker of syt1 plays a crucial role in exocytosis by mediating multimerization.
Hemorrhagic Shock Induced Up-Regulation of P-Selectin Expression Is Mediated by Factors in Mesenteric Lymph and Blunted by Mesenteric Lymph Duct Interruption (2001)

These results support the concept that gut-derived lymph promotes HS-induced lung injury through up-regulation of microvascular adhesion molecules and that intestinal lymph duct interruption may prevent distant organ injury by blunting the expression of these molecules.
Antiviral Activity of The Preparation Meflokhin® Against COVID-19 (2022)

The COVID-19 virus has caused a global emergency and has attracted the attention of healthcare professionals and the public around the world. The significant increase in the number of new cases of infection with this virus demonstrates the relevance of the search for drugs that are effective against this pathogen. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of Mefloquin® against COVID-19. The antiviral efficacy of Mefloquin® against the new pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 was studied in in vitro experiments in Vero C1008 cell culture and in vivo on Syrian golden hamsters. The results of the study revealed that the drug Mefloquine® at a concentration of 2.0 µg ml-1, when applied after infection of cells, suppresses the reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by 1.7–1.9 lg, the inhibition rate is about 99%. When using Mefloquine, pathological changes in the lung tissue were less pronounced than in the control group. 6 days after infection, it was shown that when using Mefloquine, there was a statistically significant decrease in viral load in the lungs of infected Syrian golden hamsters, with an inhibition rate of 95.5%.
A Multi-Donor Ex Vivo Platelet Activation and Growth Factor Release Study Using Electric Pulses With Durations Up to 100 Microseconds (2021)

In vitro platelet activation is established in various clinical settings for wound healing and tissue regeneration. After separating platelet rich plasma (PRP) from whole blood, a biochemical activator, typically bovine thrombin (BT), is applied to activate PRP, which clots the PRP and releases growth factors beneficial for wound healing. BT's drawbacks, particularly cost, availability, workflow challenges, and potential immune responses, motivated the development of ex vivo electrical activation of PRP using pulsed electric fields (PEFs) with durations on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds and electric field strengths from ~10-100 kV/cm. PEFs permeabilize platelets to facilitate Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> transport into the cells to induce platelet activation; however, membrane permeabilization does not require PEFs of such short duration and high intensity. This study demonstrates that 5-100 μs duration PEFs effectively activate platelets. Treating PRP with ten different single pulse waveforms with durations between 5 and 100 μs induces similar or higher levels of platelet derived, vascular endothelial, and epidermal growth factor release compared to BT. These results indicate the potential clinical relevance of microsecond PEFs for platelet stimulation, which may reduce the expense and device footprint for PEF mediated platelet stimulation compared to nanosecond pulse generators, facilitating technology transition for clinical and trauma applications.
Biochip for the Detection of Bacillus anthracis Lethal Factor and Therapeutic Agents against Anthrax Toxins (2016)

Tethered lipid bilayer membranes (tBLMs) have been used in many applications, including biosensing and membrane protein structure studies. This report describes a biosensor for anthrax toxins that was fabricated through the self-assembly of a tBLM with B. anthracis protective antigen ion channels that are both the recognition element and electrochemical transducer. We characterize the sensor and its properties with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. The sensor shows a sensitivity similar to ELISA and can also be used to rapidly screen for molecules that bind to the toxins and potentially inhibit their lethal effects.
Kinetic analysis of a high molecular weight phospholipase A2 from rat kidney: divalent metal-dependent trapping of enzyme on product-containing vesicles (1992)

The kinetics of hydrolysis of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine vesicles catalyzed by the high molecular weight phospholipase A2 from rat kidney show an anomalous behavior. The reaction progress lasts for several minutes and then stops after only 5-10% of the available substrate has been hydrolyzed. Addition of more enzyme but not more substrate leads to a new round of hydrolysis. Although this initially suggested that the enzyme becomes inactivated during the turnover, such a conclusion could not be substantiated. Addition of buffer containing 0.15 M NaCl and bovine serum albumin to the reaction after the progress ceased leads to the re-initiation of the lipolysis. The enzyme is not strongly inhibited by the reaction products. Although the enzyme does not bind irreversibly to vesicles composed of pure 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, it does become irreversibly trapped on vesicles that contain a critical mole percentage of reaction products. This trapping is the most likely explanation for the cessation of the reaction progress. Both the binding of enzyme to 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine vesicles and the hydrolysis of 1-stearoyl-2-[3H]arachidonyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine contained in these vesicles require the presence of products. Furthermore, the trapping of enzyme is independent of catalytic turnover. The trapping is sensitive to the structure of the fatty acid present in the vesicles and requires the presence of divalent metals (either Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, or Mg2+). Since the concentrations of the metals needed for the enzymatic activity correlate with the amounts needed to promote the trapping, it is suggested that the role of the metal is only to promote the interfacial binding of the enzyme.
Systems biology definition of the core proteome of metabolism and expression is consistent with high-throughput data (2015)

Finding the minimal set of gene functions needed to sustain life is of both fundamental and practical importance. Minimal gene lists have been proposed by using comparative genomics-based core proteome definitions. A definition of a core proteome that is supported by empirical data, is understood at the systems-level, and provides a basis for computing essential cell functions is lacking. Here, we use a systems biology-based genome-scale model of metabolism and expression to define a functional core proteome consisting of 356 gene products, accounting for 44% of the Escherichia coli proteome by mass based on proteomics data. This systems biology core proteome includes 212 genes not found in previous comparative genomics-based core proteome definitions, accounts for 65% of known essential genes in E. coli, and has 78% gene function overlap with minimal genomes (Buchnera aphidicola and Mycoplasma genitalium). Based on transcriptomics data across environmental and genetic backgrounds, the systems biology core proteome is significantly enriched in nondifferentially expressed genes and depleted in differentially expressed genes. Compared with the noncore, core gene expression levels are also similar across genetic backgrounds (two times higher Spearman rank correlation) and exhibit significantly more complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory features (40% more transcription start sites per gene, 22% longer 5'UTR). Thus, genome-scale systems biology approaches rigorously identify a functional core proteome needed to support growth. This framework, validated by using high-throughput datasets, facilitates a mechanistic understanding of systems-level core proteome function through in silico models; it de facto defines a paleome.
Thermal Analysis of Multibarrier Interior PM Synchronous Machine Using Lumped Parameter Model (2004)

This paper presents a lumped-parameter thermal model for a multi-barrier interior PM synchronous machine. The model consists of a network of 12 thermal resistances that make it possible to estimate temperatures at 9 critical points inside the machine including the stator end windings, rotor magnets, and the bearings. The details of the model are presented and two machines are analyzed, including a 6 kW 12-pole automotive starter/alternator and a 0.5 kW 4-pole electric water pump machine. The lumped-parameter model results for both machines demonstrate good agreement with results obtained using detailed thermal finite element analysis.
Carbon nanotube based neuro-chip for engineering, recording and stimulation of cultured networks (2005)

A novel smart multi-electrode array setup was developed in which the electrodes can both engineer the network pattern to adjust to their array geometry and facilitate high resolution and high fidelity extracellular recording and stimulation. The new electrode arrangement consists of molybdenum lines coated at their ends with active sites of dense carbon nanotube mats. The high affinity of cells to the carbon nanotube sites compared with their low affinity to the passivated substrate results in an efficient cell patterning mechanism. Cells plated on these electrodes demonstrate preferred accumulation on the active sites, although no adhesive agents (such as Poly-L-Lysine) were used. After several days in culture neurite links between the active sites were formed, mostly guided in between nearest neighbours. The effect of cell density on the morphology of the links was also studied. Cyclic voltammetry experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the fabrication scheme to form electrical contact with the CNT mats and demonstrated an improved interface resistance compared with standard electrodes. Our novel approach enables, for the first time, to precisely engineer the geometry as well as the connectivity properties of real neural networks in alignment with superior recording elements.
Hyper-redundant planar manipulators: motion planning with discrete modal summation procedure (2002)

Biological systems such as human spine, elephant trunk, snakes, and earthworms possess very high maneuverability during motion. Analogous mechanical devices are useful for applications such as inspection, exploration, manipulation, and locomotion in restricted spaces. An important feature which high mobility devices possess is small motion limits at the joints. The objectives of this paper are: (i) to present an algorithm for motion planning of planar hyper-redundant manipulator systems with limited joint motion using a discrete modal summation procedure; (ii) to apply the algorithm for motion in free space as well as retrieve objects through holes in the work environment; and (iii) to show results of application of this algorithm for motion planning of a mechanical spine with many active motion segments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Crystal structures of the ATP-binding and ADP-release dwells of the V1 rotary motor (2016)

V<sub>1</sub>-ATPases are highly conserved ATP-driven rotary molecular motors found in various membrane systems. We recently reported the crystal structures for the Enterococcus hirae A<sub>3</sub>B<sub>3</sub>DF (V<sub>1</sub>) complex, corresponding to the catalytic dwell state waiting for ATP hydrolysis. Here we present the crystal structures for two other dwell states obtained by soaking nucleotide-free V<sub>1</sub> crystals in ADP. In the presence of 20 μM ADP, two ADP molecules bind to two of three binding sites and cooperatively induce conformational changes of the third site to an ATP-binding mode, corresponding to the ATP-binding dwell. In the presence of 2 mM ADP, all nucleotide-binding sites are occupied by ADP to induce conformational changes corresponding to the ADP-release dwell. Based on these and previous findings, we propose a V<sub>1</sub>-ATPase rotational mechanism model.
Dimerization of an Inactive Fragment of Huperzine A Produces a Drug with Twice the Potency of the Natural Product (2000)

Die gleichzeitige Bindung im aktiven Zentrum und an der Peripherie von Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) wird als Erklärung dafür angenommen, dass der neue Wirkstoff (S,S)-(−)-3, in dem zwei Aminochinolinon-Einheiten über eine Dodecamethylenbrücke verbunden sind, ein mehr als zweimal so starker Inhibitor der AChE ist wie der Naturstoff Huperzin A (−)-1. Dagegen weist das Aminochinolinon (±)-2, das die wesentlichen funktionellen Gruppen von (−)-1 enthält, nur eine schwache Inhibitionswirkung gegenüber AChE auf.
Precise microbiota engineering at the cellular level (2023)

Stably immunized cells and methods of making stably immunized cells are provided. Methods of altering the microbiota of an ecological environment are provided. Methods of modifying target chromosomes are provided. Methods of delivering genetic material to target cells are provided.
The Most Commonly Treated Acupuncture Indications in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study (2018)

Acupuncture has been a popular alternative medicine in the United States for several decades. Its therapeutic effects on pain have been validated by both basic and clinical researches, and it is currently emerging as a unique non-pharmaceutical choice for pain against opioid crisis. However, the full spectrum of acupuncture indications remains unexplored. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 419 acupuncturists nation-wide to investigate the top 10 and top 99 acupuncture indications in private clinics in the United States. We found the top 10 indications to be: lower back pain, depression, anxiety, headache, arthritis, allergies, general pain, female infertility, insomnia, neck pain and frozen shoulder. Among the top 99 indications, pain represents the largest category; and mental health management, especially for mood disorders, is in greatest demand. The following popular groups are: immune system dysfunctions, gastrointestinal diseases, gynecology and neurology. In addition, specialty index, commonality index, and the potential to become medical specialties were estimated for each indication. Demographic analysis suggests that China trained acupuncturists tend to have broader indication spectrums, but the top conditions treated are primarily decided by local needs. Also, gender, resident states, age and clinical experience all affect indication distributions. Our data for the first time outlines the profile of acupuncture treatable conditions in the US and is valuable for strategic planning in acupuncture training, healthcare administration and public education.
Noble Metals in Polyoxometalates (2012)

Polyoxometalates containing noble metal ions, such as ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, palladium, platinum, silver and gold, are a structurally diverse class of compounds. They include both classical heteropolyanions (vanadates, molybdates, tungstates) in which noble metals are present as heteroatoms, as well as the recently discovered class of polyoxometalates with noble metal "addenda" atoms. The focus of this Review is on complexes that should, in principle, exist as discrete molecular species in solution, and which are therefore of interest for their reactivity, their future synthetic utility and potential applications, for example, in catalysis or nanoscience.
An analytic solution of the non-stationary Navier-Stokes equation in three dimensions (2014)

In this paper we describe a method to derive classical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for non-stationary initial value problems in domain R^n (n = 2, 3 or higher). A new closed-form analytic solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on the decay of vortices in a viscous fluid in R3 is presented.
Room Temperature CVD of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> Thin Films and Their Electronic Properties (2009)

Amorphous TiO2 thin films and TiO2–SiO2 thin films were deposited for use in the gate oxide of Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Field Effect Transistor (MOS-FET). They were deposited by a novel CVD method using hydrolysis of Titanium IV isopropoxide and Tetra ethyl ortho silicate at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Root mean square (RMS) of as-deposited TiO2 films was 0.28 nm. TiO2 films annealed at 400 � C in air showed anatase phase, but TiO2–SiO2 films didn’t crystallize below 700 � C. Dielectric constants of TiO2 films and TiO2–SiO2 films were about 40 and 20, respectively. Minima of equivalent oxide thickness of as-deposited TiO2 films and TiO2–SiO2 films were about 3.9 nm and 4.2 nm, respectively.
Multiuser soft interference canceler via iterative decoding for DSL applications (2002)

This paper presents a method to mitigate interference on a transmission system by another system with an overlapping frequency band. The systems are uncoordinated so that they cannot be made to transmit in orthogonal coding space. The transmission environment is an interference channel rather than the multiaccess channel often considered in other multiuser detection problems, for instance at the base station of a code division multiple access wireless system. Using the fact that the inputs are all from discrete constellations, it is possible to use a multiuser maximum-likelihood (ML) detector to decode the signals from the system of interest with low probability of error. However, the ML detector often requires impractical computation. A soft linear canceler is instead used to reduce the interference with a small loss of bandwidth in the system of interest. The method has a much lower complexity than a full-blown ML detector, and the soft canceler performance is close to an ML detector. The method is demonstrated on a very-high-speed digital subscriber lines system with a home local area network interference. The system of interest is using a multicarrier modulation transmission scheme such as discrete multitone, while the interfering system transmits using quadrature amplitude modulation.
Der Knorpelschuh zur Stabilisierung einer Columella-Prothese auf der Fußplatte (2004)

The stabilization of the columella with a cartilage-guide might solve one of the many problems with unsatisfactory hearing results after the reconstruction of a completely destroyed ossicular chain.