gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain Tumors and Plasmin Inhibitors (1984)

Four different intracranial neoplasms inhibited purified plasmin in an in vitro assay. The greatest inhibition (80%) was observed with extracts of a parasagittal meningioma that had invaded and completely occluded the sinus. Significant inhibition (greater than 40%) was also observed with extracts prepared from a glioma surgically removed from a patient who had suffered three thromboembolic episodes during the preceding several months. Lesser (less than 30%) inhibition was obtained with extracts from two other patients who had no evidence of thromboembolic complications. This report constitutes the first demonstration of plasmin inhibition activity in association with brain tumors. Further studies will be required to test the hypothesis that certain intracranial tumors may escape host antitumor fibrinolytic activity by producing plasmin inhibitors and that plasmin inhibitors may play a role in the thromboembolic complications frequently seen in patients with intracranial neoplasms.
In Memoriam: Peter L. Montgomery (1947–2020) (2021)

Peter was a brilliant mathematician whose inventions found their way into the everyday life of billions of people on a daily basis. If you have visited a webpage, made an electronic payment, or used a messaging app, then chances are high that one of the mathematical techniques proposed by and named after Peter Montgomery was used to ensure your security in a time and memory efficient way. Peter's main contributions are in the field of computational number theory. Peter was largely motivated by the desire to improve integer factorization algorithms although he also wrote papers about many other techniques ranging from extremely clever low-level computer algorithms to cryptosystems built on top of algebraic number theory. His contributions end up being useful to speed up the arithmetic in virtually all public-key cryptographic systems used around the globe to protect our information today.
Multiwavelength generation at 1.55 μm from an external cavity semiconductor laser (2000)

Optical analog to digital conversion schemes require a sampling source of high repetition rate, low temporal jitter, low amplitude noise, and short pulse duration to achieve the desired sampling rate and number of bits of resolution. We report on the development of an actively mode-locked semiconductor external cavity laser system where the emission is comprised of multiple wavelengths nominally centered around 1.55 microns. Cavity design includes an intra-cavity grating to produce a spatially dispersed optical spectral filtering plane. Amplitude filtering in this spectral plane serves to flatten the effective gain and a rectangular aperture array selects those wavelengths which are allowed to lase. Modelocked at 311 MHz and producing 8 spectral lines, the laser provides a sampling rate of approximately 2.5 GHz. Temporal interleaving of the pulse train by factor 4 increases the sampling rate to 10 GHz.
Analysis and design of printed windings of power transformers using partial inductance method (2002)

It is a common occurrence that hand-wound or machine-wound transformers have the problem of wide variation in parameter values inductance and leakage inductance, etc. in a lot of samples. These are partly due to the tolerance of a ferrite core but more importantly it is the result of inconsistent spacings between loosely packed windings as inductance and leakage are geometric shape dependent. The method of printed windings of a transformer-windings are printed on a printed circuit board (PCB) and all windings are embedded in a stack of these PCBs-is a promising way of controlling the windings' shape and air spacing in a fixed pattern. It eliminates the parameter variations in a great deal. However, traditional analytical methods of inductance calculations are based on a lot of assumptions. The complicated geometric constructions of transformer also hinder the accuracy of calculations. The partial inductance method gives an easy and accurate approach to calculate loop inductance by the generalised partial inductance, which is derived from dividing the whole loop into finite length of elements. Self and mutual inductance are then the summation of inductance contributed from individual elements. This is useful in predicting the leakage inductance which has been the most undesirable parameter in a PWM converter. This method can also be applied to transformers in resonant converters in which inductances have to be accurately controlled.
Occlusion of the Left Iliac Artery After Retroperitoneal Exposure of the Spine (1997)

This case report describes a rare but treatable complication of anterior lumbar surgery. The patient underwent a revision anterior fusion from L2 to S1. Complete thrombotic occlusion of the left iliac artery developed in the patient. Prompt recognition of vascular compromise and arterial bypass of the iliac system lead to excellent functional recovery.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis at an Urban Hospital in the United States (2010)

Background: Prompt diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is necessary to minimize the risk of transmission to patients and health care providers. We sought to identify factors that could facilitate establishment of the diagnosis at an urban hospital in the United States and to determine rates of antibiotic resistance. Methods: Cases of pulmonary TB were reviewed, and epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological data were analyzed. Results: Fifty-one patients with pulmonary TB were identified during a 5-year period. Five (10%) of the patients identified were positive for human immunodeficiency virus. Among the 5 US-born patients, 2 had no identifiable risk factors for TB. Classic signs, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities were not reliable for identifying TB patients. Four patients (2 of whom were positive for human immunodeficiency virus) had initial chest x-rays read as normal by radiologists. Sputum smears and culture were negative in 24% and 14% of patients, respectively. Sputum samples collected every 8 hours were similarly sensitive for detecting TB compared with samples collected once per day. Drug resistance was frequent, including 1 case of multidrug-resistant and 2 cases of extreme drug-resistant TB. One-third of patients required treatment modification owing to a combination of toxicities or the susceptibility profile of their infecting organisms. Conclusions: A high index of suspicion must be maintained to make the diagnosis of TB in the United States, given frequent lack of classically described signs or symptoms of infection. Our findings support the use of sputum testing every 8 hours, which requires substantially less in-patient resources than once-daily testing. Antibiotic resistance and drug toxicities commonly complicate treatment.
Sputtering pressure effect on microstructure of surface and interface, and on coercivity of Co/Pt multilayers (1991)

Thin Co/Pt multilayers were prepared on Si and glass substrates by sputtering with Ar pressures ranging from 2.5 to 15 mTorr. The bilayer structure of the samples was Co(3 Å)/Pt(15 Å)×17, and all samples had the easy axis of magnetization perpendicular to the sample surface as determined with a SQUID magnetometer. All samples retained the layered structure, as revealed by low-angle x-ray diffraction. In addition, diffraction peaks due to the formation of Co-Pt compounds (presumably at the interfaces between Co and Pt) were identified. The coercivity of samples changed from about 400 Oe for films deposited at low Ar sputtering pressure (2.5 mTorr) to as high as 2300 Oe for films deposited at high Ar pressure (15 mTorr). Ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy were used to study surface roughness and microstructure of samples prepared at different sputtering pressures.
Polarization Control with Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Microcavity Arrays (2005)

We measured band diagrams of two-dimensional coupled-photonic crystal microcavity arrays and obtained group velocity below 0.008c. A strong polarization sensitivity is observed with rotationally asymmetric structures, which can be used in polarizing mirrors and sensors
Hydrodynamic Effects of Compliance Mismatch in Stented Arteries (2010)

Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death in the world, making the understanding of hemodynamics and development of treatment options imperative. The most common modality for treatment of occlusive coronary artery diseases is the use of stents. Stent design profoundly influences the postprocedural hemodynamic and solid mechanical environment of the stented artery. However, despite their wide acceptance, the incidence of stent late restenosis is still high (Zwart et al., 2010, "Coronary Stent Thrombosis in the Current Era: Challenges and Opportunities for Treatment," Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine, 12(1), pp. 46-57), and it is most prevailing at the proximal and distal ends of the stent. In this work, we focus our investigation on the localized hemodynamic effects of compliance mismatch due to the presence of a stent in an artery. The compliance mismatch in a stented artery is maximized at the proximal and distal ends of the stent. Hence, it is our objective to understand and reveal the mechanism by which changes in compliance contribute to the generation of nonphysiological wall shear stress (WSS). Such adverse hemodynamic conditions could have an effect on the onset of restenosis. Three-dimensional, spatiotemporally resolved computational fluid dynamics simulations of pulsatile flow with fluid-structure interaction were carried out for a simplified coronary artery with physiologically relevant flow parameters. A model with uniform elastic modulus is used as the baseline control case. In order to study the effect of compliance variation on local hemodynamics, this baseline model is compared with models where the elastic modulus was increased by two-, five-, and tenfold in the middle of the vessel. The simulations provided detailed information regarding the recirculation zone dynamics formed during flow reversals. The results suggest that discontinuities in compliance cause critical changes in local hemodynamics, namely, altering the local pressure and velocity gradients. The change in pressure gradient at the discontinuity was as high as 90%. The corresponding changes in WSS and oscillatory shear index calculated were 9% and 15%, respectively. We demonstrate that these changes are attributed to the physical mechanism associating the pressure gradient discontinuities to the production of vorticity (vorticity flux) due to the presence of the stent. The pressure gradient discontinuities and augmented vorticity flux are affecting the wall shear stresses. As a result, this work reveals how compliance variations act to modify the near wall hemodynamics of stented arteries.
A Scalable, Low-Overhead Finite-State Machine Overlay for Rapid FPGA Application Development (2017)

Productivity issues such as lengthy compilation and limited code reuse have restricted usage of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), despite significant technical advantages. Recent work into overlays -- virtual coarse-grained architectures implemented atop FPGAs -- has aimed to address these concerns through abstraction, but have mostly focused on pipelined applications with minimal control requirements. Although research has introduced overlays for finite-state machines, those architectures suffer from limited scalability and flexibility, which we address with a new overlay architecture using memory decomposition on transitional logic. Although our overlay provides modest average improvements of 15% to 29% fewer lookup tables for individual finite-state machines, for the more common usage of an overlay supporting different finite-state machines, our overlay achieves a 77% to 99% reduction in lookup tables. In addition, our overlay reduces compilation time to tenths of a second to enable rapid iterative-development methodologies.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of d-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitors (2008)

D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) catalyzes the oxidation of D-amino acids including d-serine, a full agonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor. A series of benzo[ d]isoxazol-3-ol derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as DAAO inhibitors. Among them, 5-chloro-benzo[ d]isoxazol-3-ol (CBIO) potently inhibited DAAO with an IC50 in the submicromolar range. Oral administration of CBIO in conjunction with d-serine enhanced the plasma and brain levels of d-serine in rats compared to the oral administration of d-serine alone.
Total Hip Arthroplasty With Femoral Osteotomy for Proximal Femoral Deformity (1996)

Thirty-one total hip arthroplasties, 20 primary and 11 revision, combined with femoral osteotomy in 28 patients for a major proximal femoral deformity were reviewed an average of 4.6 years after surgery. The type of femoral osteotomy used was a uniplanar wedge in 19 cases, biplanar in 4, and step cut in 8. The Harris hip rating score improved from an average of 51 to 77 points in primary cases and from an average of 35 to 73 points in revision case. The average time until union of the osteotomy was 35 weeks. Complications included intraoperative femoral fracture in 7 cases, osteotomy nonunion in 4, instability in 4, aseptic femoral loosening in 4, osteolysis in 1, and deep infection in 1. Ten reoperations (32%) were performed in 8 patients. Total hip arthroplasty with concurrent femoral osteotomy is a technically demanding procedure. Stable initial fixation of the osteotomy is recommended to avoid osteotomy nonunion and failure.
Multiwavelength optical power-limiting amplifier and its applications in a SONET WDM self-healing ring network (1996)

Summary form only given. In summary, we have presented the first multiwavelength optical limiting amplifier (OLA) with high dynamic range to our knowledge, and demonstrated its applications in a SONET WDM self-healing ring optical fibre network.
Escherichia coli Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Kinase/Phosphatase (1996)

The aceK gene of Escherichia coli, which encodes the isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase (IDH K/P), was cloned in the pQE30 expression vector to overproduce a protein tagged with six histidine residues at its N-terminus. By using a one-step chromatographic procedure, the IDH K/P was purified to near homogeneity. The IDH K/P, which contains nine Trp residues, exhibited a characteristic intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence with a low maximal emission at 326 nm. The low value of the Stern-Volmer quenching constant in the presence of acrylamide (Ksv = 2.1 M-1) indicated that the tryptophan residues were deeply buried in the protein. Furthermore, the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence was very sensitive to the binding of nucleotide. The quenching of protein fluorescence induced by the binding of nucleotide together with an increased intrinsic fluorescence of fluorescent nucleotide analogues, methylanthraniloyl-derivatives ADP, ATP, GDP and GTP and adenosine-5'-triphosphoro-1-(5-sulfonic-acid) naphthylamidate, were used to investigate the interaction with IDH K/P. The IDH K/P dimer was shown to contain two identical nucleotide binding sites, one on each subunit, with a Kd in the range of 1.7-2.5 microM for unmodified ADP or ATP and of 2.5-3.7 microM for fluorescently labelled nucleotides. In contrast, the affinity for GDP or GTP was 10-fold lower than for adenine nucleotides. The nucleotide binding site was located within residues 315-340 by using limited proteolysis of IDH K/P by endoproteinase Lys-C. Only one main site of cleavage was obtained: the peptide bond K346-E347 which was strongly protected in the presence of ATP.
Mechanisms of Maggot‐Induced Wound Healing: What Do We Know, and Where Do We Go from Here? (2014)

MEDICINAL MAGGOTS ARE BELIEVED TO HAVE THREE MAJOR MECHANISMS OF ACTION ON WOUNDS, BROUGHT ABOUT CHEMICALLY AND THROUGH PHYSICAL CONTACT: debridement (cleaning of debris), disinfection, and hastened wound healing. Until recently, most of the evidence for these claims was anecdotal; but the past 25 years have seen an increase in the use and study of maggot therapy. Controlled clinical studies are now available, along with laboratory investigations that examine the interaction of maggot and host on a cellular and molecular level. This review was undertaken to extract the salient data, make sense, where possible, of seemingly conflicting evidence, and reexamine our paradigm for maggot-induced wound healing. Clinical and laboratory data strongly support claims of effective and efficient debridement. Clinical evidence for hastened wound healing is meager, but laboratory studies and some small, replicated clinical studies strongly suggest that maggots do promote tissue growth and wound healing, though it is likely only during and shortly after the period when they are present on the wound. The best way to evaluate-and indeed realize-maggot-induced wound healing may be to use medicinal maggots as a "maintenance debridement" modality, applying them beyond the point of gross debridement.
Some Basic Electromagnetism (2017)

Classical electromagnetism and photonics share a common foundation. Light propagation and interaction, even at the nanoscale, is driven by Maxwell’s equations and macroscopic parameterization of materials through their optical and electromagnetic properties. These equations relate the spatial and temporal variations of the displacement electric field.
Theoretical Studies of Growth of Diamond (110) from Dicarbon (1996)

A mechanism for growth on the diamond (110) surface, with dicarbon (C2) as the growth species, is examined. Reaction energies and activation energies of the various steps in the mechanism were investigated on model systems using molecular quantum mechanics, including the AM1 semiempirical method and the BLYP/6-31G* density functional method. The BLYP/6-31G* method yielded reaction energies and activation barriers in reasonable agreement with the results of G2 theory on some simple, related reactions. Two models for a hydrogen-terminated diamond (110) surface were employed, one with 18 carbon atoms (C18H26) and another with 46 carbon atoms (C46H50). The results indicate that C2 addition to diamond (110) is highly exothermic with small activation barriers (<5 kcal/mol). Insertion of C2 into CH bonds on the model surface to form an ethylene-like adsorbate is energetically favorable, resulting in energy lowerings of 150−180 kcal per mole of C2. Formation of single bonds between adjacent adsorbed C2 units can be initiated by the addition of a hydrogen atom to one of the adsorbed, ethylene-like C2 moieties. The linking of two C2 units by this process is exothermic. The formation of single bonds between adjacent adsorbed C2 units can also occur directly, without initiation by hydrogen addition, and is exothermic for the linking of three or more C2 units. By either pathway the formation of a C−C single bond on the surface is exothermic by 40−50 kcal/mol.
A Preliminary Report on the Clinical Experience with AlloDerm in Breast Reconstruction and its Radiologic Appearance (2010)

Human acellular tissue matrix (AlloDerm) use in breast reconstruction has become popular. Traditionally used for prosthesis coverage, it is also used in our practice as a filler for lumpectomy defects and a contouring device. However, no report presently exists that describes its appearance on oncologic surveillance studies. We performed a retrospective review of all charts of patients having undergone cancer-related breast reconstruction using AlloDerm as a filler at a single institution between 2005 and 2009. Postoperative mammograms and dynamic contrast enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed with a dedicated breast imager. Sixteen women underwent surgery involving placement of an AlloDerm roll in the breast. Postoperative films were unavailable for two of them. Of the remaining 14 patients, nine had postoperative mammograms only, three had postoperative dynamic contrast enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging only, and two patients had both. In all cases, evaluation of the postoperative images was not affected by the presence of AlloDerm. In our short-term, retrospective experience, we find that a thorough radiographic evaluation of the breast tissue remains possible when AlloDerm rolls are used in reconstruction.
Total Synthesis of Mycolactones A and B. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Progressive Source Transmissions Using Joint Source-Channel Coding and Hierarchical Modulation in Packetized Networks (2009)

With Unequal Error Protection (UEP), more important symbols are given greater protection against channel errors than are less important symbols. The protection can be accomplished by various methods, including joint source-channel coding (JSCC) and hierarchical modulation. In this paper, a robust progressive source transmission system using forward error correction (FEC) and a bits-to-symbol assignment methodology that provides UEP is proposed. UEP is not only provided by hierarchical modulation but also by the packetization methodology combined with channel coding. It is demonstrated by simulation that our system improves performance compared to an Equal Error Protection (EEP) technique and to a baseline JSCC-only mechanism.
Disperse Red 1-doped solgel planar waveguides for nonlinear optical devices operating at telecommunications wavelengths (2001)

We report on linear and nonlinear optical properties of Disperse Red 1-doped solgel waveguides. The refractive-index and optical-propagation losses of the guiding layer were measured between 0.756 µm and 1.64 µm. The spectral broadening of the chromophore charge-transfer transition in the visible is modeled with a Voigt-profile function. In the telecommunications window the attenuation is dominated by the overtones of the O—H bonds vibration bands. The nonlinear optical coefficients were measured at different poling strengths with the Maker-fringe method. The nonlinear coefficient d33 was found to be 4.5 pm V-1 at 1.58 µm for a poling field of 60 V µm-1.
A Diffraction-Based Transmission Electron Microscope Technique for Measuring Average Grain Size (1999)

Grain size in a single‐phase film such as polycrystalline silicon can be a difficult quantity to measure because grains are differentiated from one another by crystallographic orientation alone. This paper describes a simple method for determining average grain size in polycrystalline silicon using transmission electron microscope (TEM) convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns to delineate grain boundaries. Measurements are compared with results obtained using bright‐field TEM contrast and surface topography as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results show a reasonable agreement between the techniques; in particular, CBED and AFM measurements are close enough that a correlation may be made. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society