gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The synthesis, structure, and properties of group 2 poly(pyrazolyl)borates and their use for the atomic layer deposition of group 2 borates (2010)

A series of heavy alkaline earth complexes containing TpR2-based ligands has been synthesized, structurally characterized, and their properties were investigated. Salt metathesis routes involving MI2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) with either KTpEt2 or KTpnPr2 afforded MTpEt22 or MTpnPr22 in good to moderate yields. All of these complexes are volatile and exceptionally thermally stable, and have acceptable properties for use as group 2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursors. In addition, a series of group 2 complexes containing BpR2-based ligand systems were synthesized. Treatment of MI2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) with two equivalents of TlBptBu2, KBp, and KBpiPr2 in tetrahydrofuran at ambient temperature afforded MBptBu22(THF)n, MBp2(THF)n, and MBpiPr22(THF)2, respectively. In the MBptBu2 complexes, the BptBu2 ligands undergo deformation in order to avoid intraligand and interligand tert-butyl group steric repulsions. Some of the BptBu2 complexes have enough volatility and thermal stability to be used as ALD or CVD precursors, however, the Bp and BpiPr2 complexes decompose prior to volatilization. The thermolysis of three equivalents of CaBp2(THF)2 at 190-200 °C/0.05 Torr afforded one equivalent of CaTp2 and two equivalents of TpCaBH4 in good yields. Treatment of TpCaBH4 with methanol and ethanol, followed by the appropriate work up procedure, led to the isolation of [(TpCa(MeOH)2)2(μ-B(OMe)4)][B(OMe)4] and [(TpCaB(OEt)3O)3B]·EtOH, respectively. The ALD film growth of MB2O4 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) has been demonstrated using CaTp2, SrTp2, or BaTpEt22 and water. For the ALD growth of BaB2O4, an ALD window was observed from 250-375 °C with a growth rate of 0.23 Å/cycle. In the ALD growth of CaB2O4 and SrB2O4, an ALD window was observed from 300-375 °C, respectively, with a consistent growth rate of approximately 0.36 and 0.47 Å/cycle, respectively. In the temperature versus growth rate plots for CaTp2, SrTp2, and BaTpEt2, precursor saturation occurred at ≥ 3.0, ≥ 3.0, and ≥ 1.0 s, respectively. Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) of representative samples within the ALD windows indicated that the films were consistent with the composition of MB2O4, which demonstrates that TpR2-based ligands are able to act as a single source precursor for metal and boron, and confer a precise 2:1 boron/metal ratio.
Local Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis (2014)

Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is characterized by B cell inflammation. We sought to determine whether immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) occurred locally within polyps and to quantify the expression of proteins involved in regulating CSR. Germline transcripts (GLTs) are produced during CSR, and activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AICD) is an enzyme that is required for CSR. Thus, GLT and AICD expression can be used as markers for CSR. Methods: Polyp (n = 12‐37), tonsil (n = 7), and uncinate tissue (UT) from patients with CRSwNP (n = 9), CRSsNP (n = 10), and normal controls (n = 11‐12) were collected. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for GAPDH, GUSB (housekeeping genes), AICD, IL‐15, iNOS, BAFF, and A1, A2, G1, G4, and E GLT was performed using cDNA from tissue. Relative expression was calculated in relation to a housekeeping gene. Results: AICD expression was significantly increased in tonsils compared with all other groups ( P &lt;. 05), and polyp AICD expression was significantly elevated compared with UTwNP and UTsNP ( P &lt;. 01). Tonsils expressed significantly more A2 GLT than all other groups ( P &lt;. 05). E GLT was significantly increased in polyps versus UTnl ( P &lt;. 05). G1 GLT was increased in polyps compared with all other groups ( P &lt;. 05 vs UTwNP). G4 GLT was also increased in polyps compared with all other tissues, but this did not reach significance. Only IL‐15 showed significantly increased expression in polyps versus UTnl and UTwNP ( P &lt;. 01). Conclusions: These results suggest that local CSR is occurring in polyps of patients with CRSwNP.
Retrovirus purification: method that conserves envelope glycoprotein and maximizes infectivity (1978)

A Sepharose 4B chromatographic method for purification of retroviruses is described which was less time consuming, increased purified virus yields, conserved viral glycoprotein, and increased recovery of biological infectivity in comparison with conventional sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation techniques.
Anti-spike, Anti-nucleocapsid and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Inpatients and Asymptomatic Individuals (2020)

A better understanding of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response is necessary to finely evaluate commercial serological assays but also to predict protection against reinfection and to help the development of vaccines. For this reason, we monitored the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in infected patients. In order to assess the time of seroconversion, we used 151 samples from 30 COVID-19 inpatients and monitored the detection kinetics of anti-S1, anti-S2, anti-RBD and anti-N antibodies with in-house ELISAs. We observed that specific antibodies were detectable in all inpatients 2 weeks post-symptom onset and that the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and RBD was more sensitive than the detection of the S1 or S2 subunits. Using retroviral particles pseudotyped with the spike of the SARS-CoV-2, we also monitored the presence of neutralizing antibodies in these samples as well as 25 samples from asymptomatic individuals that were shown SARS-CoV-2 seropositive using commercial serological tests. Neutralizing antibodies reached a plateau 2 weeks post-symptom onset and then declined in the majority of inpatients but they were undetectable in 56% of asymptomatic patients. Our results indicate that the SARS-CoV-2 does not induce a prolonged neutralizing antibody response. They also suggest that induction of neutralizing antibodies is not the only strategy to adopt for the development of a vaccine. Finally, they imply that anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies should be titrated to optimize convalescent plasma therapy.
Synthesis of C‐Aryl‐N‐cyclopropylnitrones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Small-angle neutron scattering studies of the conformation of myeloma protein MOPC315 and its Fab fragment, and the interaction with a monovalent dinitrophenyl hapten (1981)

The first small-angle scattering study of an immunoglobulin A is reported. Neutron measurements have been made to determine conformational parameters of the mouse myeloma protein MOPC315 and to relate these to previous immunoglobulin G results. Use of the contrast method shows that the MOPC315 IgA molecule is not simply globular, that it has a dry volume of 220.0 +/- 4.5 nm3 corresponding to a mass density of 1.275 +/- 0.025 g cm-3 and that its full and cross-sectional radii of gyration, corrected for concentration dependence, are 7.97 +/- 0.07 nm, 2.40 +/- 0.08 nm and 1.33 +/- 0.07 nm respectively. Similar study of its Fab fragment gives a dry molecular volume of 69.0 +/- 0.7 nm3, a mass density of 1.285 +/- 0.015 g cm-3 and uncorrected radii of gyration that are consistent with those of the parent and support an overall "T" or "Y" conformation in solution. Addition to saturation of a small monovalent dinitrophenyl hapten leaves the dry volume of the whole molecule unaltered, but may slightly lower one or more of its radii of gyration. The significance of this finding is discussed. Comparative studies with rabbit anti-dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin G antibody suggest a different initial conformation but similar consequences of hapten binding, which, if real, are probably unrelated to classical complement fixation.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach to the Synthesis of Polyquinanes. Preparation of trans,trans‐4,8‐Diacetoxytetracyclo(9.3.0.01,5.07,11)tetradecan‐6‐one. (1988)

Abstract Treatment of the propellenedione (I) with the dithiols (IIa) ‐ (IIc) and the diols (IId) and (IIe) gives the mono(thio)acetals (III) and/or the bis(thio)acetals (IV).
Detection and Comparison of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis by Culture and PCR in Peripheral Blood of Crohnʼs Patients and Normal Controls (2017)

Introduction: A microbial aetiology of Crohn's disease (CD) remains obscure but Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative organism of Johne's disease in ruminants, is posited to be the causative organism of CD. We examined and cultured peripheral blood from CD patients, using standard bacteriological techniques, including a culture for cell-wall defective (CWD) L forms of Mycobacteria. Isolates and subcultures from the blood samples were further tested for the presence of the putative F57 and IS900 target sequences for MAP.Figure: A large pod on the left that contains intact acid fast bacilli, which are about to be released.Figure: Spheroplasts and released acid fast bacilli.Methods: Buffy coats from peripheral blood samples were collected and inoculated into supplemented MGIT 7H9 broth. The broth cultures were incubated and examined at 8 and 30 days for the presence of AFB using conventional Ziehl Neelsen stain. Aliquots of the broth cultures were submitted for CWD mycobacterial culture, PCR for IS900 and F57, and further molecular characterisation. Results: 15/15 of the isolates were positive on ZN examination for intracellular CWD forms of mycobacteria. 12 of the 15 were positive for MAP PCR. These 12 samples conformed to the standard PCR definition of MAP (ie F57 or IS900 positive). However only 5 were positive for both F57 and IS900, 2 were positive for F57 only, and 5 were positive for IS900 only.Figure: Construction of the mycolic cell wall of a Mycobacteria in a Crohn's patient via the deposition of lipid bodies (on the cell wall).Three additional samples, despite exhibiting ZN-positive CWD mycobacteria in the sample, were negative for both IS900 and F57. In a separate subgroup of 13 normal controls, 2 were positive for MAP PCR. One of the 13 was positive for F57 only, and one was positive for IS900 only. Conclusion: Detection of MAP in the blood of Crohn's patients requires specific media for primary biological amplification followed by subculture of CWD mycobacteria for PCR detection. We could not confirm the existence of a single reliable PCR sequence for MAP detection in peripheral blood. This may indicate strain variation, or sub-optimal DNA extraction. Our finding of MAP present in normal subjects may indicate transient carriage or pre-clinical state.
Prenatal exposure of mice to the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B (2014)

It has become axiomatic that critical windows of susceptibility to genotoxins exist and that genetic damage in utero may be a trigger for later life cancers. Data supporting this critical window hypothesis are remarkably few. This study provides a quantitative bridge between DNA damage by the liver carcinogen aflatoxin B[subscript 1] (AFB[subscript 1]) during prenatal development and the risk of later life genetic disease. AFB[subscript 1] was given to pregnant C57BL/6J mice, carrying F[subscript 1] gestation day 14 (GD14) embryos of the B6C3F1 genotype. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) using aflatoxin-[superscript 15]N[subscript 5]-guanine adduct standards afforded measurement of the AFB[subscript 1]-N[superscript 7]-Gua and AFB[subscript 1]-FAPY adducts 6-hr post dosing in liver DNA of mothers and embryos. A parallel cohort gave birth and the livers of the F[subscript 1] were analyzed for mutations in the gpt gene at 3 and 10 weeks of age. The data revealed mutational spectra dominated by G:C to T:A mutations in both the mother and offspring that are characteristic of AFB[subscript 1] and distinct from background. It was shown that adducts in GD14 embryos were 20-fold more potent inducers of mutagenesis than adducts in parallel-dosed adults. This sensitivity enhancement correlated with Ki67 staining of the liver, reflecting the proliferative potential of the tissue. Taken together, these data provide insight into the relative genetic risks of prenatal and adult exposures to AFB[subscript 1]. Early life exposure, especially during the embryonic period, is strikingly more mutagenic than treatment later in life. Moreover the data provide a baseline against which risk prevention strategies can be evaluated.
High-throughput detection of RNA processing in bacteria (2018)

This study uses pRNA-Seq, a method that provides a genome-wide survey of RNA processing, to study the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and discover extensive transcript processing not previously appreciated. We have also gained novel insight into RNA maturation and turnover as well as a potential novel form of transcription regulation. NOTE: All sequence data has been submitted to the NCBI sequence read archive. Accession numbers are as follows: [NCBI sequence read archive: SRX156386, SRX157659, SRX157660, SRX157661, SRX157683 and SRX158075]. The sequence data is viewable using Jbrowse on www.pseudomonas.com .
Modeling service variability in complex service delivery operations (2015)

One of the key promises of IT strategic outsourcing is to deliver greater IT service management through better quality and lower cost. However, this raises a critical question on how to model highly variable services for diverse customers with heterogeneous infrastructure and service demands. In this paper we propose the use of statistical learning approaches for service operation variability modeling. Specifically, we use the partial least squares regression that projects service attributes to explain the service volume variability, and the decision tree approach to model the service effort based on categorical customer and service properties. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology using data from a large IT service delivery environment.
Observation of the B0→ρ0ρ0 decay from an amplitude analysis of B0→ (π+π−)(π+π−) decays (2015)

Observation of the B 0 0 0 decay from an amplitude analysis of
Low-resistance ohmic contacts to p-type GaN (2000)

The specific contact resistance of two types of ohmic contacts to p-type GaN is analyzed. First, an ohmic contact formed by a metal electrode deposited on a highly doped p-type GaN layer. Second, an ohmic contact formed by a metal electrode deposited on a thin GaN layer with an internal electric field caused by polarization effects. It is shown that contacts mediated by polarization effects can result, for typical materials parameters, in low contact resistances comparable or better than contacts mediated by dopant-induced surface fields. A type of contact is proposed and demonstrated. These contacts employ polarization charges to enhance tunneling transport as well as high doping. Experimental results on Ni contacts to p-type AlxGa1−xN/GaN doped superlattices are presented. The contacts have linear current–voltage characteristics with contact resistances of 9.3×10−4 Ω cm2, as inferred from linear transmission-line method measurements. The influence of annealing at temperatures ranging from 400 to 500 °C on the contact resistance is studied.
The Two Nucleotide-binding Domains of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Have Distinct Functions in Controlling Channel Activity (1995)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel contains two cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). After phosphorylation of the R domain, ATP interacts with the NBDs to regulate channel activity. To learn how the NBDs regulate channel function, we used the patch-clamp technique to study CFTR and variants which contained site-directed mutations in the conserved Walker A motif lysine residues in either NBD1 (K464A), NBD2 (K1250A and K1250M), or both NBDs simultaneously (K464A/K1250A). Studies in related proteins suggest that such mutations slow the rate of ATP hydrolysis. These mutations did not alter the conductive properties of the channel or the requirement for phosphorylation and ATP to open the channel. However, all mutations decreased open state probability. Mutations in NBD1 decreased the frequency of bursts of activity, whereas mutations in NBD2 and mutations in both NBDs simultaneously prolonged bursts of activity, as well as decreased the frequency of bursts. These results could not be attributed to altered binding of nucleotide because none of the mutants studied had reduced 8-N3ATP binding. These data suggest that the two NBDs have distinct functions in channel gating; ATP hydrolysis at NBD1 initiates a burst of activity, and hydrolysis at NBD2 terminates a burst.
A 100-Gb/s-Physical-Layer Architecture for Higher-Speed Ethernet for VSR and Backplane Applications (2007)

A high-speed physical-layer architecture for next-generation higher-speed Ethernet for VSR and backplane applications was developed. VSR and backplane networks provide 100-Gb/s data transmission in mega data centers and blade servers, which have new and broad potential markets of LAN technologies. It supports 100-Gb/s-throughput, high-reliability, and low-latency data transmission, making it well suited to VSR and backplane applications for intra-building and intra-cabinet networks. Its links comprise ten 10-Gb/s high-speed serial lanes. Payload data are transmitted by ribbon fiber cables for very short reach and by copper channels for the backplane board. Ten lanes convey 320-bit data synchronously (32 bits x 10 lanes) and parity data of forward-error correction code (newly developed (544, 512) code FEC), providing highly reliable (BER<1E-22) data transmission with a burst-error correction with low latency (31.0 ns on the transmitter (Tx) side and 111.6 ns on the receiver (Rx) side). A 64B/66B code-sequence-based skew compensation mechanism, which provides low-latency compensation for the lane-to-lane skew (less than 51ns), is used for parallel transmission. Testing this physical-layer architecture in an ASIC showed that it can provide 100-Gb/s data transmission with a 772-kgate circuit, which is small enough for implementation in a single LSI.
A Convenient, Scalable Process for the Preparation and Purification of Calcium Acamprosate (2020)

Calcium acamprosate (Campral, N-acetylhomotaurine calcium salt) is a well-established drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Its preparation is generally based on a three-step process with some remarkable drawbacks. To avoid these flaws, we have developed a direct, scalable, one-pot procedure for the preparation of calcium acamprosate entailing the nucleophilic opening of readily available 1,3-propanesultone with potassium acetamide (from acetamide and potassium tert-butoxide) in N,N-dimethylformamide solution, followed by in situ cation exchange by addition of calcium chloride at controlled pH, addition of 2-propanol (IPA) as a cosolvent, and removal of potassium chloride by selective precipitation. Calcium acamprosate (purity higher than 95%) is thus obtained in the commercial crystalline form in 74–77% yield.
Subject Index (2010)

You have accessUnderstanding Polymer ProcessingOct 2010Subject IndexTim A. OsswaldTim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446446038.bmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF ShareFacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2010Pages: 281-286Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42404-3eISBN: 978-3-446-44603-8 Copyright & Permissions© 2011 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Novel Hydrolysis-Resistant Analogues of Cyclic ADP-ribose:  Modification of the “Northern” Ribose and Calcium Release Activity (2002)

Three novel analogues modified in the "northern" ribose (ribose linked to N1 of adenine) of the Ca(2+) mobilizing second messenger cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose, termed 2"-NH(2)-cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose, cyclic adenosine diphospho-carbocyclic-ribose, and 8-NH(2)-cyclic adenosine diphospho-carbocyclic-ribose, were synthesized (chemoenzymatically and by total synthesis) and spectroscopically characterized, and the pK(a) values for the 6-amino/imino transition were determined in two cases. The biological activity of these analogues was determined in permeabilized human Jurkat T-lymphocytes. 2"-NH(2)-cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose mediated Ca(2+) release was slightly more potent than that of the endogenous cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose in terms of the concentration-reponse relationship. Both compounds released Ca(2+) from the same intracellular Ca(2+) pool. In addition, the control compound 2"-NH(2)-adenosine diphosphoribose was almost without effect. In contrast, only at much higher concentrations (> or =50 microM) did the "northern" carbocyclic analogue, cyclic adenosine diphospho-carbocyclic-ribose, significantly release Ca(2+) from permeabilized T cells, whereas the previously reported "southern" carbocyclic analogue, cyclic aristeromycin diphosphoribose, was slightly more active than the endogenous cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose. Likewise, 8-NH(2)-cyclic adenosine diphospho-carbocyclic-ribose, expected to antagonize Ca(2+) release as demonstrated previously for 8-NH(2)-cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose, did not inhibit cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose mediated Ca(2+) release. This indicates that the 2"-NH(2)-group substitutes well for the 2"-OH-group it replaces; it may be oriented toward the outside of the putative cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose receptor binding domain and/or it can potentially also engage in H bonding interactions with residues of that domain. In sharp contrast to this, replacement of the endocyclic furanose oxygen atom by CH(2) in a carbocyclic system obviously interferes with a crucial element of interaction between cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose and its receptor in T-lymphocytes.
No association between schizophrenia and homozygosity at the D3 dopamine receptor gene (1993)

The D3 dopamine receptor gene is an important candidate gene for schizophrenia, since (because of its almost exclusive expression in the limbic system) it combines the dopamine receptor hypothesis with the limbic system hypothesis of schizophrenia. A BalI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the D3 dopamine receptor gene has been typed in 107 schizophrenic patients and 98 normal controls from Sichuan (China). With regard to alleles or genotypes, no significant differences were obtained between controls from Europe and China, between patients and controls, and between patient subgroups and controls. These results indicate a lack of association between schizophrenia and the D3 dopamine receptor gene in our sample. Our findings are at variance with reports of a significant excess of homozygosity at the D3 dopamine receptor gene in schizophrenic patients from Wales (United Kingdom) and Alsace (France). In conclusion, further studies will be needed with larger samples of patients from Wales and Alsace as well as with samples of different racial groups to prove or disprove the initial positive association between schizophrenia and genotypes of the D3 dopamine receptor gene.