gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Portable Optical Fiber Probe-Based Spectroscopic Scanner for Rapid Cancer Diagnosis: A New Tool for Intraoperative Margin Assessment (2012)

There continues to be a significant clinical need for rapid and reliable intraoperative margin assessment during cancer surgery. Here we describe a portable, quantitative, optical fiber probe-based, spectroscopic tissue scanner designed for intraoperative diagnostic imaging of surgical margins, which we tested in a proof of concept study in human tissue for breast cancer diagnosis. The tissue scanner combines both diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy (IFS), and has hyperspectral imaging capability, acquiring full DRS and IFS spectra for each scanned image pixel. Modeling of the DRS and IFS spectra yields quantitative parameters that reflect the metabolic, biochemical and morphological state of tissue, which are translated into disease diagnosis. The tissue scanner has high spatial resolution (0.25 mm) over a wide field of view (10 cm × 10 cm), and both high spectral resolution (2 nm) and high spectral contrast, readily distinguishing tissues with widely varying optical properties (bone, skeletal muscle, fat and connective tissue). Tissue-simulating phantom experiments confirm that the tissue scanner can quantitatively measure spectral parameters, such as hemoglobin concentration, in a physiologically relevant range with a high degree of accuracy (<5% error). Finally, studies using human breast tissues showed that the tissue scanner can detect small foci of breast cancer in a background of normal breast tissue. This tissue scanner is simpler in design, images a larger field of view at higher resolution and provides a more physically meaningful tissue diagnosis than other spectroscopic imaging systems currently reported in literatures. We believe this spectroscopic tissue scanner can provide real-time, comprehensive diagnostic imaging of surgical margins in excised tissues, overcoming the sampling limitation in current histopathology margin assessment. As such it is a significant step in the development of a platform technology for intraoperative management of cancer, a clinical problem that has been inadequately addressed to date.
Magnetic Hyperthermia Behavior of Electrospun Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Nanofibers Containing Magnetic Oxide Materials (2014)

Electromagnetic hyperthermia has been attracting significant attention in treating cancerous cells due to its non-invasive and quick recovery time. In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)solutions containing magnetic materials were used to make nanofibers through electrospinning. Transition metal oxides including cobalt oxide and iron oxide were selected as the magnetic responsive materials. The electrospun magnetic materials containing nanofibers were tested through the exposure to an external electromagnetic field to examine the increase in temperatures. It is found that the temperatures of the nanofibers increased high enough (above 43°C) to damage or eliminate cancer cells within 25 seconds. Comparisons of the hyperthermia behaviors of variousoxideswere studied as well.
Correction: Electrowetting without external voltage using paint-on electrodes (2017)

Correction for 'Electrowetting without external voltage using paint-on electrodes' by Collin B. Eaker et al., Lab Chip, 2017, DOI: .
Qualitative and Quantitative Cellular Glycomics of Glycosphingolipids Based on Rhodococcal Endoglycosylceramidase-assisted Glycan Cleavage, Glycoblotting-assisted Sample Preparation, and Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Tandem Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2011)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are crucially important components of the cellular membrane, where they comprise microdomains with many critical biological functions. Despite this fact, qualitative and quantitative techniques for the analysis of GSLs still lag behind the needs of researchers. In this study, a reliable procedure for the elucidation of cellular GSL-glycomes was established based on (a) enzymatic glycan cleavage by endoglycosylceramidases derived from Rhodococcus sp. in combination with (b) glycoblotting-assisted sample preparation. The mixture of endoglycosylceramidase I and II was employed to maximize the release of glycan moieties from the major classes of GSLs (i.e. ganglio-, (neo)lacto- and globo-series GSLs). The glycoblotting technique enabled the quantitative detection of GSL-glycans using as few as 2 × 10(5) cells. Thirty-seven different kinds of cellular GSL glycans were successfully observed in 11 kinds of cells, including Chinese hamster ovary cells and their lectin-resistant mutants as well as murine and human embryonic carcinoma cells. Furthermore, in-depth structural clarification in terms of discrimination of isomers was achieved by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry analysis and/or linkage-specific glycosidase digestion. These novel analytical techniques were shown to be capable of delineating cell-specific GSL-glycomes. Thus, they are anticipated to have a broad range of applications for the characterization, description, and comparison of various cellular/tissue samples in the fields of drug discovery and regenerative medicine.
The longitudinal association between cognitive impairment and incident visual impairment in a multiethnic Asian population: a prospective cohort study (2022)

Older adults with CI had more than double the odds of VI development and poorer VA than their cognitively intact counterparts, and most causes of incident VI were correctable. Strategies such as targeted vision screening and early intervention for early detection and management of vision loss in patients with cognitive decline are warranted.
Soft linear MMSE detection for coded MIMO systems (2013)

We propose a computationally efficient MIMO detection scheme which can provide accurate soft information to the decoder. The proposed scheme first estimates symbol-level information using MMSE method, and extract soft bit information from each detected symbol with linear order complexity. Compared to the maximum likelihood detection with exponential complexity, the proposed scheme greatly reduces the complexity due to its linear order of computational algorithm. Complexity reduction of the proposed scheme increases as the order of the modulation scheme and number of the antennas are increased.
Agreement between standard and self-reported assessments of physical frailty syndrome and its components in a registry of community-dwelling older adults (2022)

Our results show potential utility as well as challenges of using certain self-reported questions in a modified frailty phenotype. A self-reported PFP with high agreement to the standard phenotype could be a valuable frailty screening assessment in clinical settings.
Long-Term Effects of CO 2 Laser Irradiation on Treatment of Hypersensitive Dental Necks: Results of an in Vivo Study (1998)

Based on these results, the CO2 laser can be recommended as an ideal tool for desensitization of dental necks.
Supplementary Table S1.4 from Metabolic and Functional Genomic Studies Identify Deoxythymidylate Kinase as a Target in <i>LKB1</i>-Mutant Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;70 genes selected for validation.&lt;/p&gt;
Absorption of Carbon Dioxide using Enzyme Activated Amine Solution in Columns with Random Packings (2018)

Packed columns with structured or random packings are widely used in gas cleaning processes. Especially columns filled with random packings cover a large part of such applications in industrial practice. However, most of the recent investigation on carbon dioxide absorption from flue gases or other gas sources containing carbon dioxide (CO2) has been performed in columns equipped with structured packings, mostly due to their low pressure drop compared to other internals. CO2 usually is absorbed from the gas stream by means of a solvent. Amongst others, amine mixtures have gained a major role as a chemical solvent in this context. Beside the absorption kinetics and capacity, the energy demand for the regeneration of the solvent is a key factor for the operating costs of CO2 absorption plants. In previous studies, enzyme activated amines have been studied in lab scale, in order to enhance the absorption kinetics and to reduce the energy demand for regeneration. Besides the small scale, these studies focused almost exclusively on columns with structured packings. Despite the known benefits of structured packings, they can be inferior to random packings for systems with solid content and systems with mass transfer resistance in the liquid phase. Therefore, this work investigates columns at significantly larger scale equipped with random packings and presents the results of an extensive experimental study using the enzyme activated amine solution for the absorption of CO2. In particular, the different random packings McPac (Mackowiak 2001) from stainless steel and ENVIPAC from plastic have been studied in a test plant with diameter of ?? ?? =600 mm. Fluid dynamics and mass transfer characteristics have been measured using various liquid and gas loads, packing height and column diameter using the CO2 inlet concentrations of = 15 vol%. The experimental results are used for the validation of a process model, implemented in Aspen Plus® simulation software. A good agreement between experimental results and the simulation of the complex, reactive absorption system is established.
Biaryl Synthesis via Direct Arylation:  Establishment of an Efficient Catalyst for Intramolecular Processes (2004)

In this Communication, we describe direct arylation reactions with improved scope and catalyst activity for the intramolecular formation of biaryl compounds. This was achieved through the establishment of a highly active and robust catalyst system and the subsequent development of a novel phosphine ligand 27. The enhanced catalytic activity extends these transformations to include previously unreactive and poorly reactive substrates, and allows for very low catalyst loadings to be employed-as little as 0.1 mol %.
040 Head To Head: Biomechanical Comparison Between The Boston Scientific LGX 700 And The Coloplast Titan (2017)

Since the inception of the inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) we have seen a new era ushered in the management of erectile dysfunction. Despite multiple innovations to improve the function and reliability, there is no current data comparing the biomechanical properties of these devices. We examined the resistance of the Coloplast Titan to the Boston Scientific LGX penile prosthesis cylinders to longitudinal (penetration) and horizontal (gravity) forces. We compared two cylinder sizes from each company: Coloplast Titan (18cm and 20cm) and the Boston Scientific LGX (18cm and 21cm). To evaluate axial rigidity, which simulates forces during penetration, we performed a longitudinal load compression test to determine the load required to cause the cylinder to kink. To test horizontal rigidity, which stimulates the horizontal forces exerted by gravity, we performed a modified cantilever test and measured the degrees of bend for each device. All devices were tested at 10, 15, and 20 PSI to simulate in-vivo pressures.
Targeted selection of HIV-specific antibody mutations by engineering B cell maturation (2019)

Engineering better bnAbs A highly effective HIV vaccine has been the goal of vaccinologists for nearly 35 years. A successful vaccine would need to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that are capable of neutralizing multiple HIV strains (see the Perspective by Agazio and Torres). Steichen et al. report a strategy in which the first vaccine shot can lead to immune responses that generate desired bnAbs. By combining knowledge of human antibody repertoires and structure to guide design, they validated candidate immunogens through functional preclinical testing. Saunders et al. designed immunogens with differences in binding strength for bnAb precursors, which enabled selection of rare mutations after immunization. The immunogens promoted bnAb precursor maturation in humanized mice and macaques. Science , this issue p. eaax4380 , p. eaay7199 ; see also p. 1197
Grob Fragmentation of 2-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene: Tool for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Piperidines (2012)

The Grob fragmentation of azabicyclo[2.2.2]octene leads to a dihydropyridinium intermediate. This highly reactive species reacts with a variety of organocuprates and other soft nucleophiles in a regioselective manner, allowing for the rapid and stereoselective synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines. The resulting products were either reduced in situ to the corresponding piperidine or used to achieve the stereoselective construction of various nitrogen heterocycles.
Quantum Hall Effect with Composites of Magnetic Flux Tubes and Charged Particles (2018)

Composites formed from charged particles and magnetic flux tubes, proposed by Wilczek, are one model for anyons-particles obeying fractional statistics. Here we propose a scheme for realizing charged flux tubes, in which a charged object with an intrinsic magnetic dipole moment is placed between two semi-infinite blocks of a high-permeability (μ_{r}) material, and the images of the magnetic moment create an effective flux tube. We show that the scheme can lead to a realization of Wilczek's anyons, when a two-dimensional electron system, which exhibits the integer quantum Hall effect, is sandwiched between two blocks of the high-μ_{r} material with a temporally fast response (in the cyclotron and Larmor frequency range). The signature of Wilczek's anyons is a slight shift of the resistivity at the plateau of the IQHE. Thus, the quest for high-μ_{r} materials at high frequencies, which is underway in the field of metamaterials, and the quest for anyons, are here found to be on the same avenue.
Cα-Methyl, Cα-n-Propylglycine Homo-oligomers (2003)

A series of Nα-protected, monodispersed homo-oligopeptide esters to the octamer level from l-Cα-methyl, Cα-n-propylglycine [or Cα-methylnorvaline, (αMe)Nva] has been synthesized by solution methods and fully characterized. The preferred conformation of these homo-oligomers in solution has been assessed by FT-IR absorption and 1H NMR techniques. Moreover, the molecular structures of the homotrimer and homotetramer have been determined in the crystal state by X-ray diffraction. The obtained results strongly support the view that right-handed, single or multiple, and consecutive β bends are preferentially adopted by the conformationally restricted l-(αMe)Nva homo-oligomers. In particular, 310 helices are formed by the longest homo-oligomers. It is our contention that the [(αMe)Nva]n peptides represent the best available choice among Cα-tetrasubstituted α-amino acid-based homo-oligomers for the construction of relatively easy to make, rigid foldamers with a well-defined screw-sense bias.
Achieving superconductivity with higher Tc in lightweight Al–Ti–Mg alloys: Prediction using machine learning and synthesis via high-pressure torsion process (2022)

Aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) are superconducting materials but their superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) are quite low as 1.20 and 0.39 K, respectively, while magnesium (Mg) never exhibits superconductivity. In this study, we explored new superconductors with higher Tc in the Al–Mg–Ti ternary system, along with the prediction using machine learning. High-pressure torsion (HPT) is utilized to produce the superconducting states. While performing AC magnetization measurements, we found, for the first time, superconducting states with Tc=4.0 and 7.3 K for a composition of Al:Ti = 1:2. The magnetic anomalies appeared more sharply when the sample was processed by HPT at 573 K than at room temperature, and the anomalies exhibited DC magnetic field dependence characteristic of superconductivity. Magnetic anomalies also appeared at ∼55 and ∼93 K, being supported by the prediction using the machine learning for the Al–Ti–O system, and this suggests that Al–Ti oxides play an important role in the advent of such anomalies but that the addition of Mg could be less effective.
Pressure distribution of the high-redshift cluster of galaxies CL J1226.9+3332 with NIKA (2015)

The thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect is expected to provide a low scatter mass proxy for galaxy clusters since it is directly proportional to the cluster thermal energy. The tSZ observations have proven to be a powerful tool for detecting and studying them, but high angular resolution observations are now needed to push their investigation to a higher redshift. In this paper, we report high angular (<20 arcsec) resolution tSZ observations of the high-redshift cluster CL J1226.9+3332 (z = 0.89). It was imaged at 150 and 260 GHz using the NIKA camera at the IRAM 30-m telescope. The 150 GHz map shows that CL J1226.9+3332 is morphologically relaxed on large scales with evidence of a disturbed core, while the 260 GHz channel is used mostly to identify point source contamination. NIKA data are combined with those of Planck and X-ray from Chandra to infer the cluster’s radial pressure, density, temperature, and entropy distributions. The total mass profile of the cluster is derived, and we find M500 = 5.96+1.02-0.79 × 1014M⊙ within the radius R500 = 930+50-43 kpc, at a 68% confidence level. (R500 is the radius within which the average density is 500 times the critical density at the cluster’s redshift.) NIKA is the prototype camera of NIKA2, a KIDs (kinetic inductance detectors) based instrument to be installed at the end of 2015. This work is, therefore, part of a pilot study aiming at optimizing tSZ NIKA2 large programs.
Nano-electromechanically tunable dielectric metasurfaces (Conference Presentation) (2022)

Mechanical displacement is one of the mechanisms that can be utilized for realizing tunable optical metasurfaces. We propose nano-electromechanically tunable metasurfaces based on slot mode resonances at telecom wavelength. Utilizing high aspect ratio silicon slabs that can bend towards each other on a substrate, we achieve a robust device that can cover large areas. Upon applying 40 V, the device can achieve 4 nm spectral shift which gives rise to a 70% amplitude modulation. At the cost of a higher power consumption, the proposed device is mechanically robust and can be used in beam steering, modulation and wavefront shaping.
Morphology Control of Self-Catalyzed Germanium Nanostructures with Graphitic Carbon Shell (2012)

The crystalline germanium nanowires (GeNWs) with a uniform graphitic carbon shell were prepared via a conventional low-pressure chemical vapor deposition method without any external catalyst. The GeNWs grown at low temperature (Tg < 500 degrees C) have a uniform diameter with a large expect ratio of more than 10(3). With increasing the growth temperature (Tg > 500 degrees C), however, the nanowire morphology is dramatically changed into a hybrid structure where highly dense Ge nanoparticles (GeNPs) with a diameter of 5-10 nm are attached onto the Ge nanowires. The nanostructures consist of crystalline Ge-core and very thin graphitic carbon shell. The possible mechanism of anisotropic growth and the control of morphological transition from uniform nanowires to NW/NP hybrid structures are discussed and demonstrated.
Characterization of Crash-Induced Thoracic Loading Resulting in Pulmonary Contusion (2009)

Quantified loading at the chest wall indicative of PC and chest injury in motor vehicle crash is valuable boundary condition data for bench-top studies or computer simulations focused on this injury. In addition, because PC often exhibits a delayed onset, knowing the population and crash modes highly associated with this injury may promote earlier detection and improved management of this injury.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON ECHINULIN AND RELATED NATURAL PRODUCTS. V. ISOLATION, STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS OF ECHINULIN‐NEOECHINULIN TYPE ALKALOIDS ISOLATED FROM ASPERGILLUS AMSTELODAMI (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Mycel v n Aspergillus amstelodami werden die Verbindungen (III) isoliert, die aus dem Indolaldehyd (I) und dem Methylendiketopiperazin (II) dargestellt werden.
A neuron-MOS neural network using self-learning-compatible synapse circuits (1995)

A circuit technology for self-learning neural network hardware has been developed using a high-functionality device called Neuron MOS Transistor (/spl upsi/MOS) as a key circuit element. A /spl upsi/MOS can perform weighted summation of multiple input signals and thresholding all at a single transistor level based on the charge sharing among multiple capacitors. An electronic synapse cell has been constructed with six transistors by merging a floating-gate EEPROM memory cell into a new-concept /spl upsi/MOS differential-source-follower circuitry. The synapse can represent both positive (excitatory) and negative (inhibitory) weights under single V/sub DD/ power supply and is free from standby power dissipation. An excellent linearity in the weight updating characteristics of the synapse memory has been also established by employing a simple self-feedback regime in each cell circuitry, thus making it fully compatible to the on-chip self-learning architecture of /spl upsi/MOS neural networks. The basic operation of the synapse cell and a /spl upsi/MOS neural network using the synapse has been experimentally verified using test circuits fabricated by a double-polysilicon CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Forecast the Plausible Paths in Crowd Scenes (2017)

Forecasting the future plausible paths of pedestrians in crowd scenes is of wide applications, but it still remains as a challenging task due to the complexities and uncertainties of crowd motions. To address these issues, we propose to explore the inherent crowd dynamics via a social-aware recurrent Gaussian process model, which facilitates the path prediction by taking advantages of the interplay between the rich prior knowledge and motion uncertainties. Specifically, we derive a social-aware LSTM to explore the crowd dynamic, resulting in a hidden feature embedding the rich prior in massive data. Afterwards, we integrate the descriptor into deep Gaussian processes with motion uncertainties appropriately harnessed. Crowd motion forecasting is implemented by regressing relative motion against the current positions, yielding the predicted paths based on a functional object associated with a distribution. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate that our method obtains the state-of-the-art performance in both structured and unstructured scenes by exploring the complex and uncertain motion patterns, even if the occlusion is serious or the observed trajectories are noisy.
Rate control using embedded adaptive vector quantization (2001)

This paper presents a simple, fast and accurate rate control algorithm using adaptive vector quantization (AVQ). The AVQ perspective embeds learning in a dynamic geometry. More specifically, it estimates the unknown joint probability density function p( x, y). The input-output pair represents a sample from the function f:R/sup n//spl rarr/R/sup p/. The function f maps n-vectors x to p-vectors y. We estimate this function using long training image sequences by varying the quantization parameter (QP) within admissible ranges. We generate the non-linear relationship between rate and sum of absolute difference (SAD) using training vectors. Then we apply the mean operator to the rate for each quantized SAD value to generate three look-up tables storing the rate-distortion function. These tables are used to decide the proper QP values for a given bit budget. Simulation results show the proposed algorithm outperforms the MPEG-4 rate control algorithm in terms of reproduced image quality and coding efficiency while requiring much less complexity. It keeps bit rate accurately.