gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral Drug Activity and Potential for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Against COVID-19 and HIV Infection (2020)

COVID-19 is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, and has led to over 250,000 deaths by May 2020. Urgent studies to identify new antiviral drugs, repurpose existing drugs, or identify those drugs that can specifically target the overactive immune response are ongoing around the world. Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) have been tested in past human coronavirus infections, and also against SARS-CoV-2, but a recent clinical trial of lopinavir and ritonavir failed to show any clinical benefit in COVID-19 disease. However, anecdotal reports suggest either reduced infection or a course of milder COVID-19 disease in people living with HIV (PLWH) on ARVs. We hypothesized ARVs other than lopinavir and ritonavir might be responsible for such effects. Here, we used chemoinformatic analyses to predict which ARVs would bind and potentially inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzymes, and identified a number of ARVs which bind to SARS-CoV-2 enzymes in silico. Our study identified HIV nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (abacavir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, tenofovir, zidovudine), HIV protease inhibitors (ASC09, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, tipranavir) and an HIV pharmacokinetic booster (cobicistat), as drug candidates with effective in silico binding to one or both viral enzymes. Tenofovir and emtricitabine are FDA-approved as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and have an extensive safety profile of use in populations without HIV. Existing or new combinations of antiretroviral drugs could potentially prevent or ameliorate the course of COVID-19, if shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and/or in clinical trials. Further studies are needed to establish the activity of ARVs for treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Linear polarization uniformity measurements taken with an imaging polarimeter (1995)

Four types of polarizers are experimentally evaluated and compared for the uniformity of their transmission axis orientations and the contrast ratio and their spatial variation. Representative samples of calcite Glan-Thompson polarizers, polarizing beamsplitters, silver glass polarizers, and stretched polymer polarizers are characterized at 850 nm using a rotating polarizer imaging polarimeter. The sample Glan-Thompson polarizers show the highest contrast ratios and greatest uniformity of transmission axis. Silver glass polarizers and stretched polymer polarizers show intermediate contrast ratios, but all samples of both show a systematic variation of the transmission axis orientation with a magnitude of several tenths of a degree. The polarizing beamsplitter cube samples have very good uniformity of transmission axis but the smallest contrast ratios with noticeable spatial variations of contrast.
Evaluation of a high-performance chemically amplified resist for EUVL mask fabrication (2003)

In this paper, we report on evaluation of a high e-beam sensitive CA resist, FEP171 for EUVL mask fabrication. This resist exhibits a PEB temperature sensitivity of ~1nm/°C and 8.3 nm (3 σ) CD uniformity across an EUVL mask patterned with 200 nm dense features using a 100 keV e-beam exposure system. This resist also showed a very high resolution and excellent exposure latitude. Dense line/space features down to 60 nm have been delineated in this resist. This paper will discuss the lithographic performance of this resist and compare it with that of UV-III CA resist and ZEP 520 non-CA resist.
Effects of chemical etching with nitric acid on glass surfaces (2001)

Glass slides were chemically etched with nitric acid using five different methods. We investigated the effects of chemical etching treatments on such properties as chemical composition, surface roughness, transmittance, and thermal stability of the glass. Sodium, calcium, and aluminum atoms in the surface of the glass are effectively reduced by chemical etching with nitric acid. Especially, boiling the glass in a 70% nitric acid solution for 30 min is more effective in the reduction of sodium, calcium, and aluminum atoms at the surface of the glass than other etching methods with nitric acid. The surface morphologies of the glasses were very similar regardless of the chemical etching treatments with nitric acid etchant. Root-mean-square surface roughness of the bare glass was 0.58 nm but that of the glass etched with nitric acid was ranged from 5.4 to 6.8 nm. Sodium concentration at the glass surface was largely reduced from 2.44% to 0.25%. In order to investigate the thermal stability of the glass, the bare glass and the glass samples boiled for 30 min in a 70% HNO3 solution were annealed in air at 300, 400, 500, and 600 °C for 1 h. Sodium, aluminum, and calcium at the surface of the glass increased with an annealing temperature regardless of chemical etching with nitric acid, but the Na, Al, and Ca content at the surface of the glass boiled in 70% HNO3 for 30 min was greatly reduced relative to that of the surface of the bare glass at an annealing temperature of 500 °C.
PROSTAGLANDIN AS AN EFFECTIVE ANTIREJECTION THERAPY IN RAT RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS (1983)

Because adenylate cyclase activators such as prostaglandin E1 elevate lymphocytic cyclic AMP and inhibit T cell proliferation and the effector function of cytotoxic T cells in vitro, we tested the efficacy of 15(S)-15-methyl prostaglandin E1, a prostaglandin derivative with a prolonged biologic half-life. Treatment with this agent resulted in a near complete protection of renal grafts from immunologic damage, despite withholding therapy until day 4 following transplantation.
Hyaluronan Regulates Cell Behavior: A Potential Niche Matrix for Stem Cells (2012)

Hyaluronan is a linear glycosaminoglycan that has received special attention in the last few decades due to its extraordinary physiological functions. This highly viscous polysaccharide is not only a lubricator, but also a significant regulator of cellular behaviors during embryogenesis, morphogenesis, migration, proliferation, and drug resistance in many cell types, including stem cells. Most hyaluronan functions require binding to its cellular receptors CD44, LYVE-1, HARE, layilin, and RHAMM. After binding, proteins are recruited and messages are sent to alter cellular activities. When low concentrations of hyaluronan are applied to stem cells, the proliferative activity is enhanced. However, at high concentrations, stem cells acquire a dormant state and induce a multidrug resistance phenotype. Due to the influence of hyaluronan on cells and tissue morphogenesis, with regards to cardiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis, it is now been utilized as a biomaterial for tissue regeneration. This paper summarizes the most important and recent findings regarding the regulation of hyaluronan in cells.
Demonstration of a thermosyphon thermal valve for controlled extraction of stored solar thermal energy (2018)

For concentrated solar power (CSP) to be an effective replacement for power generation by fossil fuels, the thermal energy must be stored and then released for when demand exceeds production, such as during off-sun hours. Until now, there has been limited methods to reliably and efficiently release and control the extraction of thermal energy from a material containing stored sensible or latent heat. Due to their isothermal property, phase change materials (PCMs) storing latent heat are an ideal choice for storage, though it has proven challenging to reliably extract and utilize that heat. To solve this problem, the geometry of a thermosyphon was rearranged to create a thermal valve that is able to turn the flow of thermal energy from a PCM “on” and “off”. A stainless steel thermal valve using sodium as the working fluid was designed, fabricated, assessed, and found to effectively and selectively extract heat from a 577°C molten aluminum PCM. It is expected that thermal valves will significantly contribute to more widespread implementation of CSP as a stored energy source from distributed generation to utility-scale power production.
A method of image-based aberration metrology for EUVL tools (2015)

We present an approach to image-based EUV aberration metrology using binary mask targets and iterative model-based solutions to extract both the amplitude and phase components of the aberrated pupil function. The approach is enabled through previously developed modeling, fitting, and extraction algorithms. We examine the flexibility and criticality of the method using two experimental case studies. The first extracts the pupil phase behavior from an ASML NXE:3100 exposure system and shows primary aberration sensitivity below 0.2 m&lambda;. The second experiment extracts both components of the pupil function from the SHARP EUV microscope.
Racial Disparities in Quantitative MRI for African American and White Men with Prostate Cancer (2023)

The risk of prostate cancer (PCa) is strongly influenced by race and ethnicity. The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in the diagnostic performance of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in African American (AA) and white (W) men. 111 patients (37 AA and 74 W men) were selected from the study's initial cohort of 885 patients after matching age, prostate-specific antigen, and prostate volume. The diagnostic performance of mpMRI was assessed using detection rates (DRs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) with/without combining <i>K</i><sup><i>trans</i></sup> (volume transfer constant) stratified by prostate zones for AA and W sub-cohorts. The DRs of mpMRI for clinically significant PCa (csPCa) lesions in AA and W sub-cohort with PI-RADS scores ≥ 3 were 67.3% <i>vs</i>. 80.3% in the transition zone (TZ; <i>p</i>=0.026) and 81.2% <i>vs</i>. 76.1% in the peripheral zone (PZ; <i>p</i>>0.9). The <i>K</i><sup><i>trans</i></sup> of csPCa in AA men was significantly higher than in W men (0.23±0.08 min<sup>-1</sup> <i>vs</i>. 0.19±0.07 min<sup>-1</sup>; <i>p</i>=0.022). This emphasizes that there are race-related differences in the performance of mpMRI and quantitative MRI measures that are not reflected in age, PSA, and prostate volume.
Probing Carbon Nanotube–Surfactant Interactions with Two-Dimensional DOSY NMR (2013)

Two-dimensional diffusion ordered spectroscopy (2D DOSY) NMR was used to probe the micellar structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium cholate (SC) in aqueous solutions with and without semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The solutions contain SDS and SC at weight ratios of 1:4 and 3:2, the ratios commonly used to isolate semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs through density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU). These results show that the coverage of surfactant on the semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs is nearly identical in the 1:4 surfactant mixture, and a lower degree of bundling is responsible for the greater buoyancy of semiconducting SWCNTs. In the 3:2 surfactant mixture, the metallic SWCNTs are only encapsulated in SC while the semiconducting SWCNTs remain encapsulated in a poorly packed two-surfactant micelle, leading to a large buoyant density difference between the electronic species. This work provides insight into future directions to increase the purity of semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs sorted through DGU and demonstrates the utility of 2D DOSY NMR in probing SWCNT-surfactant complexes.
Beamspace MIMO Systems With Reduced Beam Selection Complexity (2023)

Beamspace multiple-input multiple-output (B-MIMO) systems with proper beam selection (BS) promise to lower the radio-frequency (RF) chains overhead with no noticeable degradation in performance. Most of the existing BS schemes are not practical due to the computational cost arising from iterative search or alternating optimization. Hence, this letter examines the complexity reduction of the existing BS with incremental QR precoder (I-QR-P) and decremental QR precoder (D-QR-P). The proposed two-stage and three-stage algorithms reduce the complexity of D-QR-P and I-QR-P, respectively. Both aim to lower complexity by decreasing the candidate beam size by eliminating the beams with no contribution to any user and using matrix perturbation theory to update QR decompositions. Numerical results reveal that the proposed algorithms considerably reduce the complexity while maintaining a similar sum-rate with baseline algorithms.
Pulmonary Function After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (1994)

Compared to OC, laparoscopic cholecystectomy results in a significantly reduced compromise in pulmonary function and narcotic requirement leading to fewer postoperative pulmonary complications. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be considered the procedure of choice for elective cholecystectomy.
Visualizing unsteady fluid flows inside the fish ear. (2009)

Fish sense their acoustic environment using ears that are typically able to detect sounds of O(10–103 Hz) at 80–130 dB re 1 μPa (for the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, for example). Each ear contains three stone-like masses (the “otoliths”) embedded in a fluid filled membrane. The sulcus, a groove on one side of the otolith, is lined with O(104) sensory hair cells which presumably hear by detecting the acoustically induced motion of the fluid and tissue relative to the otolith. The “auditory retina hypothesis” suggests that the fish ear uses the fluid flow patterns, sensed by the array of hair cells, to characterize incident sounds. Although the time-independent steady streaming flow patterns have been shown to encode the frequency and direction of the oscillation (and hence incident sounds), the hair cell cilia displacements due to such flows are probably too small to be sensible. This experimental study focuses instead on the unsteady flows near a 350% model cod otolith oscillating in an otherwise still fluid. Results are presented for an otolith oscillating at different orientations (corresponding to the excitation from sounds from different directions) at frequencies of 3–25 Hz and amplitudes of 0.1–0.5 mm. [Work supported by ONR.]
CRMP5 (Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 5) Regulates Dendritic Development and Synaptic Plasticity in the Cerebellar Purkinje Cells (2011)

Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) is one of the CRMP members that expresses abundantly in the developing brain. To examine the in vivo function of CRMP5, we generated crmp5-deficient (crmp5(-/-)) mice. Anti-calbindin immunofluorescence studies of crmp5(-/-) mice revealed aberrant dendrite morphology; specifically, a decrease in the size of soma and diameter of primary dendrite of the cerebellar Purkinje cells at postnatal day 21 (P21) and P28, but not at P14. Coincidentally, CRMP5 is detected in Purkinje cells at P21 and P28 from crmp5(+/-) mice. In cerebellar slices of crmp5(-/-) mice, the induction of long-term depression of excitatory synaptic transmission between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells was deficient. Given that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays major roles in dendritic development, we tried to elucidate the possible roles of CRMP5 in BDNF signaling. The effect of BDNF to induce dendritic branching was markedly attenuated in cultured crmp5(-/-) neurons. Furthermore, CRMP5 was tyrosine phosphorylated when coexpressed with neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (TrkB), a receptor for BDNF, in HEK293T cells. These findings suggest that CRMP5 is involved in the development, maintenance and synaptic plasticity of Purkinje cells.
An adaptive decentralized multiuser receiver for deep-water acoustic telemetry (1997)

An acoustic local area network has been deployed for multipoint-to-point telemetry between ocean bottom sensors and a surface receiver in deep-water areas. A major obstacle for coherent communications in this channel is strong multiple-access interference from other acoustic modems, which affects a common narrowband request channel of the network protocol. The network throughput and packet delay depend on the capability of the receiver to resolve collisions between request packets. In this paper a multiuser receiver for joint channel parameter estimation, multiple-access interference suppression and signal detection is proposed. The receiver is fully adaptive, requiring no side information about the channel conditions or the signal parameters of the interfering users in the network. Receiver performance is demonstrated through experiments in a deep-water acoustic channel.
Oscillating random walk models for GI/G/1 vacation systems with Bernoulli schedules (1986)

Processors handling multi-class traffic typically alternate between serving a particular class of traffic and performing other tasks, e.g., secondary service tasks or routine maintenance. The stochastic behavior of such systems is modeled by a newly introduced class of Bernoulli GI / G /1 vacation models. For this model, when a vacation is completed and customers are present, a customer is served. When a customer has just been served and other customers are present, the server accepts a customer with fixed probability p or commences a vacation of prespecified random duration with probability 1 – p. Whenever no customers are present, a vacation is taken. When p = 0 or p = 1 this schedule reduces to the previously introduced single service schedule and the exhaustive service schedule, respectively. An analysis of all three schedules on a state space incorporating server vacations is presented using simple methods in the complex plane. It is shown that the recent decomposition results for exhaustive service extend to the more general class of Bernoulli schedules.
Design, synthesis and biological profile of mixed opioid agonist/N-VGCC blocker peptides (2018)

Novel mixed opioid agonist/N-VGCC blocker peptides, design, synthesis and biological profile.
Material characterization of dielectric elastomers for soft actuators (2022)

Because the demand for soft actuators and soft robots is increasing in space engineering, medical care, and others, the research on dielectric elastomers has been active in recent years. In this study, to develop better performance dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), viscoelastic and tensile properties of elastomers were measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity tester and a tabletop tensile tester. It was confirmed that the strain-removed film of commercially available acrylic elastomer has excellent viscoelastic and mechanical properties compared to commercially available materials. Furthermore, circular DEA was fabricated, and their electrodynamic properties and electric field response were evaluated. It was found that the material with the largest deformation as a circular DEA is acrylic DE with strain removed, and it is also superior in terms of both electric field strength and deformation.
Regulatory and Commercialization Challenges with Stimuli-responsive Nanomedicines (2018)

Nanotechnology aids in the development of smart materials that are capable of overcoming biological barriers and deliver drugs and biologics to the desired site of action with precision. Design and development of such smart materials relies heavily on our improved understanding of the biological barriers, material–biology interaction and our ability to tailor the property of materials to perform a specific function based on the microenvironment of the target tissue and cell. Recent years have seen an increase in efforts to develop such smart materials, but their advancement into clinics and subsequently to the marketplace has been challenging and slow. Being an emerging technology, the challenges in part lie in the three-dimensional (3D) complexity of the nanomaterial constructs, the properties of which can be dramatically different from their individual components and thus the lack of an appropriate yardstick to ensure product quality impedes the development process. Prior experience suggests that a subtle change in the product profile can drastically influence its biological and pharmaceutical performance. This chapter will highlight some key developmental, manufacturing, and regulatory considerations in nanotechnology-based medicines.
Spécificités de l'électronique de puissance pour le photovoltaïque connecté au réseau (2006)

EPF 2006
The effects of aging on biosynthetic processes in the rat hypothalamic osmoregulatory neuroendocrine system (2018)

Elderly people exhibit a diminished capacity to cope with osmotic challenges such as dehydration. We have undertaken a detailed molecular analysis of arginine vasopressin (AVP) biosynthetic processes in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus and secretory activity in the posterior pituitary of adult (3 months) and aged (18 months) rats, to provide a comprehensive analysis of age-associated changes to the AVP system. By matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, we identified differences in pituitary peptides, including AVP, in adult and aged rats under both basal and dehydrated states. In the SON, increased Avp gene transcription, coincided with reduced Avp promoter methylation in aged rats. Based on transcriptome data, we have previously characterized a number of novel dehydration-induced regulatory factors involved in the response of the SON to osmotic cues. We found that some of these increase in expression with age, while dehydration-induced expression of these genes in the SON was attenuated in aged rats. In summary, we show that aging alters the rat AVP system at the genome, transcriptome, and peptidome levels. These alterations however did not affect circulating levels of AVP in basal or dehydrated states.
X-ray computed tomography for casting development (1992)

Computed tomography (CT) has been used to evaluate specific sand casting product examples for technical and economic benefits. The representative results are applicable to other casting technologies as well. CT has been shown to be cost effective in the development of new castings. The areas which would benefit include internal dimensional measurements (eliminating destructive sectioning), specific region inspections, flaw characterization in critical regions (to allow passing or informed repair of castings), and geometric acquisition for CAD/CAM. The quantitative capability of CT allows an engineering evaluation of castings based upon a correlation with performance. This quantitative measurement capability has also been used to measure the benefit of hot isostatic pressing in casting production. CT is also cost effective for engineering design and analysis by providing rapid geometry acquisition for input to computer aided design systems. This is particularly beneficial for components that do not have existing drawings or cannot be adequately defined until they are made for any reason. Presently CT can serve as an engineering aid to casting manufacturing. In order for CT evaluation to become routine in foundry applications, however, casting designers need to call it out as a measurement technique in the original casting design drawings, specifications on the application of CT must be written, contracts must include CT evaluation as a means for accepting casting quality, and lower cost CT systems must be available.... Computed Tomography (CT), Dimensional measurement, Investment casting, Sand casting, porosity, CAD/CAM, Geometry acquisition, Performance prediction, Material allowables.