gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind Source Separation for Clutter and Noise Suppression in Ultrasound Imaging: Review for Different Applications (2020)

Blind source separation (BSS) refers to a number of signal processing techniques that decompose a signal into several "source" signals. In recent years, BSS is increasingly employed for the suppression of clutter and noise in ultrasonic imaging. In particular, its ability to separate sources based on measures of independence rather than their temporal or spatial frequency content makes BSS a powerful filtering tool for data in which the desired and undesired signals overlap in the spectral domain. The purpose of this work was to review the existing BSS methods and their potential in ultrasound imaging. Furthermore, we tested and compared the effectiveness of these techniques in the field of contrast-ultrasound super-resolution, contrast quantification, and speckle tracking. For all applications, this was done in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. We found that the critical step in BSS filtering is the identification of components containing the desired signal and highlighted the value of a priori domain knowledge to define effective criteria for signal component selection.
Statistical Evaluation of PAM4 Data Center Interconnect System With Slope-Compensating Fiber Bragg Grating Tunable Dispersion Compensation Module (2020)

Data center interconnect (DCI) links with high data-rate direct-detection require strict chromatic dispersion compensation. One such solution which has been widely deployed is based on four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4). With this application in mind, we describe in detail a 50-GHz channelized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) tunable dispersion compensation module (TDCM) which can compensate chromatic dispersion slope over the full C-band (4.8 THz) and is thus suitable for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) PAM4 DCI systems. We then present a comprehensive set of system performance results comprising 1,120 unique link measurements, to characterize the combined effect of statistical variations in component characteristics and link impairments, and show that a statistical approach to link budgeting is advantageous in this type of system. We also analyze the group delay ripple characteristics of the FBG-TDCM device and the corresponding impact on the PAM4 system. Instead of the conventional phase ripple standard deviation, we introduce a novel metric to quantify high-frequency phase ripple, which is better correlated with the impact on the PAM4 system.
Combustion systems for power-MEMS applications (2004)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, June 2004.
ChemInform Abstract: endo‐Selective Enyne Ring‐Closing Metathesis Promoted by Stereogenic‐at‐Mo Monoalkoxide and Monoaryloxide Complexes. Efficient Synthesis of Cyclic Dienes Not Accessible Through Reactions with Ru Carbenes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Digital E. coli Counter: A Microfluidics and Computer Vision-Based DNAzyme Method for the Isolation and Specific Detection of E. coli from Water Samples (2022)

Biological water contamination detection-based assays are essential to test water quality; however, these assays are prone to false-positive results and inaccuracies, are time-consuming, and use complicated procedures to test large water samples. Herein, we show a simple detection and counting method for <i>E. coli</i> in the water samples involving a combination of DNAzyme sensor, microfluidics, and computer vision strategies. We first isolated <i>E. coli</i> into individual droplets containing a DNAzyme mixture using droplet microfluidics. Upon bacterial cell lysis by heating, the DNAzyme mixture reacted with a particular substrate present in the crude intracellular material (CIM) of <i>E. coli</i>. This event triggers the dissociation of the fluorophore-quencher pair present in the DNAzyme mixture leading to a fluorescence signal, indicating the presence of <i>E. coli</i> in the droplets. We developed an algorithm using computer vision to analyze the fluorescent droplets containing <i>E. coli</i> in the presence of non-fluorescent droplets. The algorithm can detect and count fluorescent droplets representing the number of <i>E. coli</i> present in the sample. Finally, we show that the developed method is highly specific to detect and count <i>E. coli</i> in the presence of other bacteria present in the water sample.
Cerebrovascular assessment of patients undergoing shoulder surgery in beach chair position using a multiparameter transcranial Doppler approach (2018)

Although the beach-chair position (BCP) is widely used during shoulder surgery, it has been reported to associate with a reduction in cerebral blood flow, oxygenation, and risk of brain ischaemia. We assessed cerebral haemodynamics using a multiparameter transcranial Doppler-derived approach in patients undergoing shoulder surgery. 23 anaesthetised patients (propofol (2 mg/kg)) without history of neurologic pathology undergoing elective shoulder surgery were included. Arterial blood pressure (ABP, monitored with a finger-cuff plethysmograph calibrated at the auditory meatus level) and cerebral blood flow velocity (FV, monitored in the middle cerebral artery) were recorded in supine and in BCP. All subjects underwent interscalene block ipsilateral to the side of FV measurement. We evaluated non-invasive intracranial pressure (nICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (nCPP) calculated with a black-box mathematical model; critical closing pressure (CrCP); diastolic closing margin (DCM-pressure reserve available to avoid diastolic flow cessation); cerebral autoregulation index (Mxa); pulsatility index (PI). Significant changes occured for DCM [mean decrease of 6.43 mm Hg (p = 0.01)] and PI [mean increase of 0.11 (p = 0.05)]. ABP, FV, nICP, nCPP and CrCP showed a decreasing trend. Cerebral autoregulation was dysfunctional (Mxa > 0.3) and PI deviated from normal ranges (PI > 0.8) in both phases. ABP and nCPP values were low (< 60 mm Hg) in both phases. Changes between phases did not result in CrCP reaching diastolic ABP, therefore DCM did not reach critical values (≤ 0 mm Hg). BCP resulted in significant cerebral haemodynamic changes. If left untreated, reduction in cerebral blood flow may result in brain ischaemia and post-operative neurologic deficit.
Tailoring the Magnetoelectric Properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 Film Deposited on Amorphous Metglas Foil by Laser Annealing (2016)

This study demonstrates the modulation of off‐resonance magnetoelectric ( ME ) response of the Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 ( PZT )/ Metglas (Fe BS i) bilayered composite by laser annealing. A continuous‐wave 532 nm Nd: YAG laser with varying fluences (210–390 J/mm 2 ) was utilized to anneal the 2 μm thick PZT film deposited using granule spray in vacuum ( GSV ) technique on magnetostrictive amorphous Metglas foil. It was found that the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the PZT film are strongly affected by the exposure to laser fluence. The ME voltage coefficient of PZT /Metglas increased with the fluence up to 345 J/mm 2 , reaching a high value of 880 mV/cm·Oe. The electrical and ME properties were correlated with the changes observed in crystallinity and grain size of the PZT film as well as with the alterations in microstructure and magnetic behavior of Metglas. Our results demonstrate that enhanced ME coupling can be realized in PZT /Metglas film composites by controlling the laser fluence.
TEM8/ANTXR1-Specific CAR T Cells as a Targeted Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2017)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease lacking targeted therapy. In this study, we developed a CAR T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategy to target TEM8, a marker initially defined on endothelial cells in colon tumors that was discovered recently to be upregulated in TNBC. CAR T cells were developed that upon specific recognition of TEM8 secreted immunostimulatory cytokines and killed tumor endothelial cells as well as TEM8-positive TNBC cells. Notably, the TEM8 CAR T cells targeted breast cancer stem-like cells, offsetting the formation of mammospheres relative to nontransduced T cells. Adoptive transfer of TEM8 CAR T cells induced regression of established, localized patient-derived xenograft tumors, as well as lung metastatic TNBC cell line-derived xenograft tumors, by both killing TEM8<sup>+</sup> TNBC tumor cells and targeting the tumor endothelium to block tumor neovascularization. Our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for immunotherapeutic targeting of TEM8 as a strategy to treat TNBC.<b>Significance:</b> These findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for immunotherapeutic targeting of an endothelial antigen that is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer and the associated tumor vasculature. <i>Cancer Res; 78(2); 489-500. ©2017 AACR</i>.
In vitro evaluation of an oscillating 5-element dual-mode transducer (2008)

Miniature dual-mode transducers can be used for minimally invasive treatment of deep-seated tumors. While in contact with the tissue, the transducer guides and monitors localized necrosis. Here, an oscillating 5-element piezo-composite transducer was characterized, and then evaluated in vitro using porcine liver. Each element was 3.0 x 3.8 mm2 with a geometric cylindrical focus of 14 mm. The transmit frequency was determined by the maximal electro-acoustic efficiency, 65%, which was found at 5.6 MHz. The transmit-receive impulse response was 400 ns long at -6 dB, and the -6 dB fractional bandwidth, centered at 5.6 MHz, was 30%. Axial and lateral resolution measured with a 0.1 mm diameter wire was 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, respectively. For therapy, all elements radiated simultaneously, and for imaging, independently. Treatment was performed at increments of 20° to form a composite volume of necrosis. At each angle, ultrasound was applied for 60 s at a transducer surface intensity of 15 W/cm2. Pulse-echo data were recorded while the transducer oscillated over a 180° sector to form images before and after treatment at each angle. Gross examination of lesion size agreed well with echogenic region size in the images. [Supported by ANR and Inserm Post-doctoral Fellowship.]
Diffusion and adsorption of dye molecules in mesoporous TiO2 photoelectrodes studied by indirect nanoplasmonic sensing (2013)

In this study, we used Hidden Interface-Indirect Nanoplasmonic Sensing (HI-INPS) for real time monitoring of dye impregnation (adsorption–diffusion process) of mesoporous TiO2 electrodes of the kind used in dye-sensitized solar cells. We measured the dye percolation time (i.e. the time to diffuse to the bottom of a TiO2 photoelectrode film) for dye Z907 in a 1 : 1 volume mixture of acetonitrile and tert-butanol for different dye concentrations and for different thicknesses of the TiO2 film, while the total amount of adsorbed dye was simultaneously measured by optical absorption spectroscopy. The experimental data for the impregnation process were analyzed by employing a diffusion-front model, combining diffusion and Langmuir type adsorption, which allows extraction of the effective diffusion coefficient for the system. The latter value is about 15 μm2 s−1 for the combined adsorption–diffusion movement of dye molecules through the TiO2 structure, which is an order of magnitude or more smaller than that for “free” diffusion of dye molecules in bulk solvents.
Ribbon‐like Foldamers for Cellular Uptake and Drug Delivery (2017)

Different intracellular delivery systems of bioactive compounds have been developed, including cell-penetrating peptides. Although usually nontoxic and biocompatible, these vectors share some of the general drawbacks of peptides, notably low bioavailability and susceptibility to protease degradation, that limit their use. Herein, the conversion of short peptide sequences into poly-α-amino-γ-lactam foldamers that adopt a ribbon-like structure is investigated. This template is used to distribute critical cationic and/or hydrophobic groups on both sides of the backbone, leading to potent short, cell-permeable foldamers with a low positive-charge content. The lead compound showed dramatically improved protease resistance and was able to efficiently deliver a biologically relevant cargo inside cells. This study provided a simple strategy to convert short peptide sequences into efficient protease-resistant cell-penetrating foldamers.
The First Report on Excellent Cycling Stability and Superior Rate Capability of Na3V2(PO4)3 for Sodium Ion Batteries (2012)

Abstract Sodium ion batteries are attractive for the rapidly emerging large‐scale energy storage market for intermittent renewable resources. Currently a viable cathode material does not exist for practical non‐aqueous sodium ion battery applications. Here we disclose a high performance, durable electrode material based on the 3D NASICON framework. Porous Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C was synthesized using a novel solution‐based approach. This material, as a cathode, is capable of delivering an energy storage capacity of ∼400 mWh/g vs. sodium metal. Furthermore, at high current rates (10, 20 and 40 C), it displayed remarkable capacity retention. Equally impressive is the long term cycle life. Nearly 50% of the initial capacity was retained after 30,000 charge/discharge cycles at 40 C (4.7 A/g). Notably, coulombic efficiency was 99.68% (average) over the course of cycling. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of high energy density, high power density and ultra long cycle life demonstrated here has never been reported before for sodium ion batteries. We believe our findings will have profound implications for developing large‐scale energy storage systems for renewable energy sources.
(Invited) Exploration of Short DNA Sequences Toward Complete Resolution of Single-Chirality SWCNTs (2021)

Sequence-dependent interactions between DNA and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been shown to provide resolution for the atomic-structure-based sorting of DNA-wrapped SWCNTs by their helicity and handedness. Although significant progress has been made on DNA sequence selection for sorting SWCNTs, DNA sequence screening so far is still a high-cost, time-consuming and inefficient process. The success rate of finding recognition sequences is rather low (~10%), and it remains a grand challenge to predict recognition sequence patterns for sorting SWCNTs. Aiming to conquer this challenge, we have developed a highly efficient approach of finding recognition sequences by machine-learning guided experimental exploration of DNA sequence space. In this contribution, we present experimental data from short DNA sequences consisting of 5 and 6 nucleotides (referred to as 5-mers and 6-mers). Selective short DNA sequences demonstrate remarkable sorting resolution toward single-chirality SWCNTs, giving rise to more than 20 highly pure species. Since the short DNA sequences possess plain pattern combination and a relatively small number of distinct members of their population, we are able to explore the entire sequence space to address recognition pattern. Finally, we combine experimental investigation and machine learning to develop a highly efficient approach to differentiate recognition and nonrecognition sequences with success rate of &gt; 90%.
Fra-2–expressing macrophages promote lung fibrosis (2019)

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a deadly disease with limited therapies. Tissue fibrosis is associated with Type 2 immune response, although the causal contribution of immune cells is not defined. The AP-1 transcription factor Fra-2 is upregulated in IPF lung sections and Fra-2 transgenic mice (Fra-2tg) exhibit spontaneous lung fibrosis. Here we show that Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis is attenuated upon myeloid-inactivation of Fra-2 and aggravated in Fra-2tg bone marrow chimeras. Type VI collagen (ColVI), a Fra-2 transcriptional target, is up-regulated in three lung fibrosis models, and macrophages promote myofibroblast activation in vitro in a ColVI- and Fra-2-dependent manner. Fra-2 or ColVI inactivation does not affect macrophage recruitment and alternative activation, suggesting that Fra-2/ColVI specifically controls the paracrine pro-fibrotic activity of macrophages. Importantly, ColVI knock-out mice (KO) and ColVI-KO bone marrow chimeras are protected from Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Therapeutic administration of a Fra-2/AP-1 inhibitor reduces ColVI expression and ameliorates fibrosis in Fra-2tg mice and in the Bleomycin model. Finally, Fra-2 and ColVI positively correlate in IPF patient samples and co-localize in lung macrophages. Therefore, the Fra-2/ColVI pro-fibrotic axis is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for lung fibrosis, and possibly other fibrotic diseases.
Emergence of Energy Services Ecosystems: Scenario Method as a Policy Enabler (2017)

The very nature of the energy sector, as a highly regulated and capital-intensive sector, as well as the challenges imposed by the global transition to renewable energy, have made the emergence of innovation ecosystems, which are necessary for the development and commercialization of new solutions, rather challenging. We examine the emergence of energy services ecosystems from a policy perspective, suggesting the scenario method as an enabler for focusing the attention of relevant actors and identifying triggering events that guide their activities toward a shared future. We illustrate our arguments using three case examples from Finnish public policy. Our study contributes to the nascent literature of ecosystem emergence and public innovation policy in the field of energy services.
Fast multi-resolution motion estimation algorithm and its VLSI architecture (2005)

This work presents a fast multi-resolution block-matching algorithm (FMRME) for MPEG-2 video encoding, which provides an outstanding PSNR performance close to the full search algorithm. We also propose the hardware architecture of the FMRME for real-time MPEG-2 video encoding with a large search range of [-192.0, +191.5]. Due to efficient data reuse and parallel processing, the utilization percentage of PE is also very high. We implemented this architecture with about 100 K gates and 5 K bytes SPSRAM.
Exploration of megapixel hyperspectral LIBS images using principal component analysis (2018)

A new methodology based on the well-known principal component analysis, designed for large, raw, and potentially complex dataset, is proposed for the multivariate hyperspectral analysis of LIBS images.
Beclomethasone-Loaded Lipidic Nanocarriers for Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Preparation, Characterization and <I>In Vitro</I> Drug Release (2011)

The purpose of this research paper was the development of lipid nanoparticles (LN) formulation suitable for beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) administration via the pulmonary route. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were prepared by high-shear homogenization method; the effects of process and formulation parameters on nanoparticles characteristics were investigated. LN were characterized in terms of morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release and aerosol aerodynamic properties. Nano-sized BDP-loaded LN with high entrapment efficiency values reaching 99% were successfully obtained. Application of in vitro drug release data to the Higuchi kinetic equation indicated a diffusion-controlled release from the lipidic matrix. Aerosolisation and subsequent cascade impaction measurements proved that SLN and NLC were efficiently nebulized yielding aerosols of a suitable particle size for BDP deep lung delivery. Results demonstrate that LN are promising nebulized carriers for BDP opening the way for lipophilic drug-targeting strategies by nebulization.
Audio Signal Denoising with Complex Wavelets and Adaptive Block Attenuation (2007)

We investigate a new audio denoising algorithm. Complex wavelets protect phase of signals and are thus preferred in audio signal processing to real wavelets. The block attenuation eliminates the residual noise artifacts in reconstructed signals and provides a good approximation of the attenuation with oracle. A connection between the block attenuation and the decision-directed a priori SNR estimator of Ephraim and Malah is studied. Finally we introduce an adaptive block technique based on the dyadic CART algorithm. The experiments show that not only the proposed method does eliminate the residual noise artifacts, but it also preserves transients of signals better than short-time Fourier based methods do.
Effects of chronic stress and intestinal inflammation on commercial poultry health and performance: A review (2023)

The gastrointestinal tract provides the biological environment for nutrient digestion and absorption. Its physical and chemical barriers are crucial to protect from invading pathogens and toxic substances. On this basis, the intactness of the gastrointestinal tract, with its multiple functions and impacts, is one of the key prerequisites for human and animal health. Undoubtedly, the functions of a healthy gut system also largely benefit the welfare and performance of animals in farming systems such as poultry industries. Broiler chickens grow rapidly, as a result of rigorous genetic programs, due to the high absorption capacity of intestinal epithelia for nutrients, the quick transport of nutrients to the muscle, and their efficient conversion into energy and biomass. Due to oxygen metabolism or enteric commensal bacteria, intestinal epithelial cells create reactive oxygen and nitrogen species physiologically. However, increased generation of these oxidants goes along with the formation of free radicals resulting in oxidative stress causing lipid peroxidation and dramatic molecular changes in the structure and function of the cell and mitochondrial membranes. These effects contribute to chronic oxidative stress and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and generally affect all chicken organs, tissues, and cells. Hence, all forms of chronic stress, regardless of the origin, negatively impact the chicken's overall performance, health, and welfare. This review article highlights some enteric inflammation models and biomarkers to evaluate gut integrity in chickens and discusses the repercussions that chronic stress and intestinal inflammation have on the health and performance of commercial poultry
Interaction ofCryptosporidium parvumwith mouse dendritic cells leads to their activation and parasite transportation to mesenteric lymph nodes (2013)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the antigen-presenting cells capable of activating naïve T cells. Although CD4+ T cells are crucial for Cryptosporidium parvum clearance, little is known about the role of DCs in the immune response to this parasite. In this study, the interaction between mouse DCs and C. parvum was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. For in vitro experiments, mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) derived from wild-type C57B1/6 or MyD88-/- or C3H/HeJ mice and DC cell line DC2.4 were pulsed with C. parvum. Active invasion of parasites was demonstrated by parasite colocalization with host cell membranes and actin-plaque formation at the site of attachment. DC activation induced by the parasite invasion was demonstrated by upregulation of costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86, as well as inflammatory cytokines IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6. BMDCs derived from MyD88-/- and C3H/HeJ mice failed to produce IL-12 in response to C. parvum, suggesting the importance of TLR-dependent signaling pathway specially presence of a functional TLR4 pathway, for C. parvum-induced cytokine production. In vivo experiments showed that both parasite antigens and live parasites were transported to mice mesenteric lymph nodes. All together, these data suggest that DCs play a key role in host immune responses to C. parvum and pathogenesis of the disease.