gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of passive diffusion samplers for monitoring volatile organic compounds in ground water (2000)

Passive diffusion samplers have been tested at a number of sites where volatile organic compounds (VOC's) are the principal contaminants in ground water. Test results generally show good agreement between concentrations of VOC's in samples collected with diffusion samplers and concentrations in samples collected by purging the water from a well. Diffusion samplers offer several advantages over conventional and low-flow ground-water sampling procedures: * Elimination of the need to purge a well before collecting a sample and to dispose of contaminated water. * Elimination of cross-contamination of samples associated with sampling with non-dedicated pumps or sample delivery tubes. * Reduction in sampling time by as much as 80 percent of that required for 'purge type' sampling methods. * An increase in the frequency and spatial coverage of monitoring at a site because of the associated savings in time and money. The successful use of diffusion samplers depends on the following three primary factors: (1) understanding site conditions and contaminants of interest (defining sample objectives), (2) validating of results of diffusion samplers against more widely acknowledged sampling methods, and (3) applying diffusion samplers in the field.
Stereochemistry of fragmentation of thietanonium salts (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of fragmentation of thietanonium saltsBarry M. Trost, William L. Schinski, and Ira B. MantzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 15, 4320–4322Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01043a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01043a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep-ultraviolet transparent monolithic sol–gel derived silica–REPO4 (RE = Y, La–Lu except Pm) glass-ceramics: characterization of the crystal structure and ultraviolet absorption edge, and application to narrow-band UVB phosphors (2015)

Silica–REPO<sub>4</sub> glass-ceramics with high deep-ultraviolet transparency (left) and a silica–(Gd,Pr)PO<sub>4</sub> phosphor promising as a narrow-band ultraviolet B phosphor (right) have been developed.
Epigenetic silencing of TMEM176A activates ERK signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2018)

The promoter region of TMEM176A is frequently methylated in human HCC, and the expression of TMEM176A is regulated by promoter region methylation. Methylation of the TMEM176A promoter may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in HCC. TMEM176A suppresses HCC growth by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway.
Design and Control of Nanoconfinement to Achieve Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents with High Relaxivity (2015)

The enhanced relaxation of hydrogen atoms of surrounding water from suitable contrast agent promotes magnetic resonance imaging as one of the most important medical diagnosis technique. The key challenge for the preparation of performant contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging with high relaxivity is to ensure a high local concentration of contrast agent while allowing a contact between water and the contrast agent. Both requirements are answered by tailoring a semipermeable confinement for a gadolinium complex used as contrast agent. A locally high concentration is achieved by successfully encapsulating the complex in polymer nanocontainers that serves to protect and retain the complex inside a limited space. The access of water to the complex is achieved by carefully controlling the chemistry of the shell and the core of the nanocontainers. The confinement of the nanocontainers enables an increased relaxivity compared to an aqueous solution of the contrast agent. The nanocontainers are successfully applied in vivo to yield enhanced contrast in magnetic resonance imaging.
Properties of Moving Electron Bubbles in Superfluid Helium (2006)

It is well known that the Bernoulli effect modifies the shape of gas bubbles moving through a liquid. In this paper we investigate the influence of the Bernoulli pressure on the shape of electron bubbles moving through superfluid helium. We show that an electron bubble moving through liquid at zero pressure becomes unstable when its velocity reaches approximately 47 m s−1. In addition, the change in shape contributes significantly to the variation of the bubble mobility with velocity.
POLYMYXIN AND BACITRACIN IN THE IRRIGATION SOLUTION: THERE IS NO ROLE FOR THIS PRACTICE (2019)

Introduction The use of irrigation solution during surgical procedures is a common and effective practice in reduction of bioburden and the risk of subsequent infection. The optimal irrigation solu...
Interleukin-1 in Disease. (1994)

As outlined in this review, the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates a number of pathological processes associated with disease. To prove a role for IL-1, a variety of modalities have been used to block the production and/or activity of IL-1. These include agents which inhibit or reduce 1) IL-1 transcription and/or synthesis, 2) the processing of pro-IL-1 beta into its mature forms, 3) the secretion of IL-1 beta, 4) the activity of IL-1 using neutralizing anti-IL-1 antibodies or 5) soluble (extracellular) IL-1 receptors, 6) the ability of IL-1 to bind to its receptors using receptor blockade, 7) the availability of surface receptors using agents which down-regulate receptor expression or (8) agents which affect IL-1-mediated signal transduction. Some of these modalities have already entered clinical trials. Clearly, the therapeutic advantage of reducing the activity of IL-1 resides in preventing its deleterious biological effects without interfering with host defense and homeostasis. For example, blocking IL-1-induced prostaglandins is one target in treating inflammatory diseases. Drugs inhibiting cyclooxygenase have well-known toxicities because they block the normal physiologic synthesis of prostaglandins in many tissues such as platelets and gastric lining cells. Blocking IL-1, in contrast, reduces only that portion of prostaglandin synthesis due to elevated IL-1, sparing the synthesis of prostaglandins necessary for physiologic homeostasis. A similar case can be made for endogenous nitric oxide. Thus, there is a unique pharmacological advantage to blocking IL-1 in disease.
[Centralized follow-up of patients treated for head and neck cancer]. (1997)

In a prospective study, the value of the clinical follow-up after treatment for head and neck cancer has been assessed. A total of 407 visits in 377 patients were recorded during a three month period in 1993 at the two major radiotherapy departments in Denmark. The results showed that 61% of follow-up visits included one or more problems either related to treatment morbidity or tumour recurrence. About 50% of all visits included treatment related normal tissue problems, and 30% had problems that required intervention. Although the majority of problems occurred within a few years after treatment, 47% of patients at three to four years observation time still had one or more problems. A total of 34 new tumour recurrences were found in the period, and of these 11 (32%) were asymptomatic. It is concluded that head and neck cancer patients have both tumour and normal tissue problems several years after the end of treatment. Since effective salvage treatment improves local control significantly, early detection of possible recurrence is important. A follow-up period of four to five years is recommended-preferably by qualified experts in the management of both recurrent disease and treatment morbidity.
Perinatal lung inflammation in a double-hit model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia results in short-term and long-term downregulation of pulmonary T cell receptor signaling (2021)

Purpose: Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have increased risk of viral respiratory infections throughout their lifetime. Lung resident immune cells, specifically, T lymphocytes are required for host defense against viral pathogens. Since a growing body of literature implicates that inflammatory environmental exposures during pregnancy and early postnatal period result in life-long alteration in immune cell health, we hypothesized that BPD induced by combined prenatal chorioamnionitis and postnatal hyperoxia results in short-term and long-term dysregulation of T cell receptor signaling in pulmonary immune cells. Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with intra-amniotic LPS (1ug) or normal saline (NS) at 20 days of gestation. Upon delivery, pups were placed in hyperoxia chamber (85% O2) or room air (RA) for 14 days. Lungs were harvested at two weeks of age for short -term analysis or at two months of age for long-term analysis. Harvested lungs were processed into single-cell suspension. CD45+ immune cells were isolated from the single cell suspension using fluorescent activated cell sorting. Total RNA was extracted from immune cells and genome-wide microarray was performed using Affymetrix WT-plus Rat Clariom S Gene chip. Gene ontology terms of biological processes of differentially expressed genes with FDR < 0.01 were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes associated with T cell receptor signaling pathway were validated using RT-PCR. Results: Lungs from animals treated with prenatal LPS and postnatal O2 had significantly greater mean linear intercept indicating alveolar simplification (32±2 vs. 25±0.8; LPS+O2 vs. NS+RA, p < 0.001, n=5 per group). Purity of sorted immune cells was verified using qPCR. Percentage of CD45+ immune cells as a fraction of all pulmonary cells was similar between the two groups (27% vs. 21%, p = 0.25). Analysis of differentially expressed genes showed downregulation of several key T cell related biological processes (Fig.1). Specifically, genes involved in T cell receptor signaling were significantly downregulated in LPS+O2 group, compared to NS+ RA group. qPCR validation of select T-cell receptor genes showed significant downregulation of Cd3d, Cd3e, Cd5, Trat1, CD8a at two weeks (p <0.05, n = 5 per group) in LPS+O2 group compared to NS+RA group. Despite recovery in room air for six weeks, Cd8a gene expression remained significantly lower in LPS+O2 group compared to NS+RA group at 2 months (log2 fold change: -0.49±0.3 vs. 0±0.3; LPS+O2 vs. NS+RA respectively; p=0.01). Conclusion: Our study has highlighted that perinatal lung inflammation in a double-hit model of BPD results in short-term and long-term dysregulated pulmonary T lymphocyte gene expression, which may contribute to increased viral respiratory morbidities seen in children and adults with BPD.
Multilingual Second-Pass Rescoring for Automatic Speech Recognition Systems (2022)

Second-pass rescoring is a well known technique to improve the performance of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems. Neural Oracle Search (NOS), which selects the most likely hypothesis from an N-best hypothesis list by integrating information from multiple sources, such as the input acoustic representations, N-best hypotheses, additional first-pass statistics, and unpaired textual information through an external language model, has shown success in rescoring for RNN-T first-pass models. Multilingual first-pass speech recognition models often outperform their monolingual counterparts when trained on related or low-resource languages. In this paper, we investigate the use of the NOS rescoring model on a first-pass multilingual model and show that similar to the first-pass model, the rescoring model can be made multilingual. Our first-pass multilingual model does not require a language-id and we make a realistic assumption that an estimate of the language-id would be available for second-pass rescoring. We conduct comprehensive experiments on two sets of languages, one consisting of related low-resource languages, and the other with a high-resource language added to the first set to analyze the performance of the multilingual NOS rescorer under different settings. Our experimental results show that, multilingual NOS can improve the first-pass multilingual model resulting in average word error rate reduction of 9.4% in the first case, and 8.4% in the second, and out-performing the monolingual counterparts in both cases.
Stochastic Clustered-Dot Dithering (2007)

A new technique for building stochastic clustered-dot screens is being proposed. A large dither matrix comprising thousands of stochastically laid out screen dots is constructed by first laying out the screen dot centers. Screen dot centers are obtained by placing discrete disks of a chosen radius at free cell locations when traversing the dither array cells according to either a discretely rotated Hilbert space-filling curve or a random space-filling curve. After Delauney triangulation of the screen dot centers, the maximal surface of each screen dot is computed and iso-intensity regions are created. This iso-intensity map is converted into an anti-aliased grayscale image, i.e. into an array of preliminary threshold values. These threshold values are renumbered to obtain the threshold values of the final dither threshold array. By changing the disk radius, the screen dot size can be adapted to the characteristics of particular printing devices. Larger screen dots may improve the tone ...
Classical to Quantum Transitions in Multilayer Plasmonic Metamaterials (2019)

We demonstrate that classical-to-quantum transition of free electron plasma can be used to as a doping-independent parameter controlling optical topology of metamaterials and present a comprehensive description of this phenomenon.
High quality InGaN films by atomic layer epitaxy (1995)

InxGa1−xN single-crystal films were grown at 600–700 °C by atomic layer epitaxy (ALE). InGaN films with compositions of up to 27% indium were achieved. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the (0002) InxGa1−xN peak by double crystal x-ray diffraction (DCXRD) was as small as 6 min, the lowest value reported for this ternary alloy. Strong photoluminescence band edge emission between 360 and 446 nm was observed at room temperature. These low temperature ALE grown films were achieved without the need to use excessive flows of the In organometallic source and thus demonstrate the potential for growth of this ternary alloy over the entire composition range.
Proof of Transit (2019)

Several technologies such as Traffic Engineering (TE), Service
Function Chaining (SFC), and policy based routing are used to steer
traffic through a specific, user-defined path. This document defines
mechanisms to securely prove that traffic transited said defined path.
These mechanisms allow to securely verify whether, within a given
path, all packets traversed all the nodes that they are supposed to
visit.
T cell receptor V beta repertoire in an acute infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency viruses and a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus. (1995)

Changes in T cell receptor (TCR) V beta repertoire and their correlation with virologic events were investigated in rhesus monkeys after acute infection with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). 11 genetically defined rhesus monkeys were experimentally infected with SIVmac or a chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), and their peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymph nodes were prospectively assessed for TCR V beta gene expression. PBL and lymph nodes of the acutely infected monkeys demonstrated an expansion of selected V beta-expressing T lymphocyte subpopulations as early as 3 d after infection. These expanded V beta-expressing lymphocyte subpopulations were comprised predominantly of CD8+ cells. Six of seven infected monkeys sharing a single electrophoretically defined major histocompatibility complex class I allele exhibited a similar expansion of V beta 14-expressing PBL. Sequence analyses of V-D-J segments of TCR-beta cDNA indicated that the V beta-expressing T cell subpopulation expansion can be oligoclonal. SIVmac-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes were demonstrated in both PBL and lymph nodes of the infected monkeys at the time expansion of the selected V beta-expressing cell subpopulations was seen. Finally, the expansion of the selected V beta-expressing lymphocytes in PBL coincided with the emergence and clearance of SIV p27 from the plasma of the infected monkeys. These results demonstrate that acute infection of rhesus monkeys with SIVmac or SHIV results in an expansion of CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations expressing selected V beta gene families. The selectively expanded T lymphocytes may contribute to early viral clearance after acute SIVmac or SHIV infection.
Analysis of Polarization Dependent Loss Impact on Optically Amplified Multi-Span Dual-Polarization Systems (2011)

We derive a closed form formula of SNR penalty induced by polarization dependent loss (PDL) in optically amplified optical fiber dual-polarization systems by employing perturbation analysis based on the reversed channel model. The SNR penalty in dB of each polarization tributary is Gaussian distributed where the mean and standard deviation are determined by the longitudinal distribution profiles of PDL and noise as well as the accumulated PDL value. The simulation verifies the proposed theory under various transmission link configurations.
Effect of using aminoglycosides for treatment of sepsis (2015)

Background: Sepsis is a potentially dangerous or life-threatening medical condition, usually caused by a bacterial infection.In Norway, sepsis is usually treated with antibiotics, and a typical regimen could be to use a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, for example a beta lactam antibiotic such as benzylpenicillin in combination with a highly potent, broad-spectrum antibiotic, such as an aminoglycoside.Our aim was to systematically review the evidence on the treatment effects and harms of any antibiotic regimen with an aminoglycoside versus any antibiotic regimen without an aminoglycoside for sepsis in adults.We searched for systematic reviews, and included one systematic review that met our inclusion criteria.Based on this review which assess the clinical effi cacy of beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus combination therapy (beta lactam + aminoglycoside-regimens) for sepsis, our main fi ndings are: The pooled estimate for any nephrotoxicity showed a 66 % reduction in the risk of any nephrotoxicity using beta lactam monotherapy compared with combination therapy (RR= 0.34; 95% CI [0.25, 0.46]).The quality of the evidence is low. The Effect of using aminoglycosides for treatment of sepsis
Smart Sensing of Vital-Signs: Co-Design of Tunable Quantum-Spin Crossover Materials with Secure Photonics and RF Front-End-Module (2021)

In this paper, a new sensor technology solution is proposed based on the co-design of tunable quantum-spin crossover material with smart photonics and RF Front-End-Module (FEM) integrating innovative Thermal-Body harvesting. The quantum-spin crossover material, co-integrated with the Photonics and RF Front-End-Module, hosts smart Low-Power Signal-Processor (LPSP) embedding Artificial-Intelligence (AI) and Machine-Learning (ML) algorithms for accurate sensing of vital-signs information. The smart signal-processing capabilities are brought near the sensor to allow for real-time Correlation-based data analytics and decision-making process with secure wireless data transfer. The performances of the proposed technology solution are demonstrated by building a smart wearable Bracelet device for real-time sensing of Correlated body temperature and oxygen saturation levels. Porting of the Photonics and RF FEM into 22nm Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator (FD-SOI) platform using Application Specific Integrated Circuit-based System on a Chip (ASIC-SoC) technology solution will foster a broad range of applications in mobile communications with smart devices and systems.
The Australasian dingo archetype: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly, DNA methylome, and cranial morphology (2023)

These combined data support the hypothesis that the dingo Cooinda fits the spectrum of genetic and morphological characteristics typical of the Alpine ecotype. We propose that she be considered the archetype specimen for future research investigating the evolutionary history, morphology, physiology, and ecology of dingoes. The female has been taxidermically prepared and is now at the Australian Museum, Sydney.
Large‐scale production of polypropylenimine dendrimers (1994)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of a new series of polypropylenimine dendrimers is reported. Using a repetition of the sequence of a Michael addition to a primary amine, followed by a heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation, ultra‐pure polypropylenimine macromolecules with molecular weights up to 6912 are synthesized. The reaction sequence allows the preparation of these dendrimers at very large scales, whilst the availability of a simple purification in the sequence affords ultra‐pure samples. The polypropylenimine dendrimers are fully characterized; apart from the first 0.5 generation they are all oils, possess a Tg in the range from −90 to −40 °C, are unexpectedly stable, and their intrinsic viscosity drops after generation 4.
3 D shape and light source location from depth and reflectance (2003)

A methodology for accurate determination of surface normals and light source location from depth and reflectance data is introduced. Estimation of local surface orientation using depth data alone from range finders with standard depth errors can produce significant error, while shape-from-shading using reflectance data alone produces approximate surface orientation results that are highly dependent on the correct initial surface orientation estimates and regularization parameters. Combining these two sources of information gives vastly more accurate surface orientation estimates under general conditions than either one alone, and can also provide better knowledge of local curvature. Novel iterative methods that enforce satisfaction of the image irradiance equation and surface integrability without using regularization are proposed. These iterative methods work when the light source is any finite distance from the object, producing variable incident light orientation over the object.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>