gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of 0.1 μm Si MOSFETs with ISRC (Inverted-Sidewall Recessed-Channel) structure for reduced short channel effect (2002)

To solve the problems of trade-off between the short channel effect and the performance enhancement of sub-quarter-micrometer MOSFETs, we have fabricated a 0.1 /spl mu/m recessed channel MOSFET structure called ISRC (Inverted-Sidewall Recessed-Channel) and verified its superiority. The oxide thickness is 4 nm and the effective channel length is 0.1 /spl mu/m. The maximum transconductance at V/sub D/=2.0 V is 455 mS/mm for nMOSFET and 191 mS/mm for pMOSFET. The DIBL (Drain Induced Barrier Lowering) is kept within 70 mV from V/sub D/=0.1 V to V/sub D/=2.0 V for both devices. By the comparison with the conventional MOSFET, the reduction of short channel effects is demonstrated. By simulation, it is verified that this results from the laterally non-uniformly doped channel profile.
National trends in spinal arteriovenous malformations (2009)

Spinal AVMs are being increasingly treated by endovascular, radiosurgical, or combined means. A discussion of modern strategies to treat these disorders is presented.
NDE1 and GSK3β Associate with TRAK1 and Regulate Axonal Mitochondrial Motility: Identification of Cyclic AMP as a Novel Modulator of Axonal Mitochondrial Trafficking (2016)

Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function, providing the energy required to power neurotransmission, and fulfilling many important additional roles. In neurons, mitochondria must be efficiently transported to sites, including synapses, where their functions are required. Neurons, with their highly elongated morphology, are consequently extremely sensitive to defective mitochondrial trafficking which can lead to neuronal ill-health/death. We recently demonstrated that DISC1 associates with mitochondrial trafficking complexes where it associates with the core kinesin and dynein adaptor molecule TRAK1. We now show that the DISC1 interactors NDE1 and GSK3β also associate robustly with TRAK1 and demonstrate that NDE1 promotes retrograde axonal mitochondrial movement. GSK3β is known to modulate axonal mitochondrial motility, although reports of its actual effect are conflicting. We show that, in our system, GSK3β promotes anterograde mitochondrial transport. Finally, we investigated the influence of cAMP elevation upon mitochondrial motility, and found a striking increase in mitochondrial motility and retrograde movement. DISC1, NDE1, and GSK3β are implicated as risk factors for major mental illness. Our demonstration that they function together within mitochondrial trafficking complexes suggests that defective mitochondrial transport may be a contributory disease mechanism in some cases of psychiatric disorder.
Economic burden of mucormycosis in the United States: can a vaccine be cost-effective? (2008)

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection which causes unacceptably high morbidity and mortality despite treatment. Therefore, a vaccine to prevent mucormycosis is desirable. A major barrier to developing an anti-mucormycosis vaccine is the perception that such a vaccine would not be cost-effective to deploy because the disease is rare. We used data from a recent retrospective study to calculate the annual cost to the US healthcare system caused by mucormycosis infections. We created a model to estimate the cost-efficacy of a niche, anti-mucormycosis vaccine deployed in a targeted manner to high-risk patients. We found that each case of mucormycosis results in an average direct cost to the US healthcare system of $97,743, for an overall cost of mucormycosis of $50 million per year. In the base case scenario, targeted deployment of an anti-mucormycosis vaccine would result in a net cost per quality adjusted life year saved (QUALY) of $17,249. Variations in the price of the vaccine, its market penetration, or the cost of infection could dramatically decrease the net cost, and could even result in net savings per QUALY. In conclusion, mucormycosis causes considerable cost to the US health care system. Targeted deployment of a niche vaccine could decrease infection rates and mortality from mucormycosis in a cost-effective manner.
$$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$ polarimetry using the dominant hadronic mode (2023)

A bstract The polarimeter vector field for multibody decays of a spin-half baryon is introduced as a generalisation of the baryon asymmetry parameters. Using a recent amplitude analysis of the $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> → pK − π + decay performed at the LHCb experiment, we compute the distribution of the kinematic-dependent polarimeter vector for this process in the space of Mandelstam variables to express the polarised decay rate in a model-agnostic form. The obtained representation can facilitate polarisation measurements of the $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> baryon and eases inclusion of the $$ {\Lambda}_c^{+} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:math> → pK − π + decay mode in hadronic amplitude analyses.
L’hépatite E : une zoonose méconnue (2007)

National audience
Development of New TiN/ZrO2/Al2O3/ZrO2/TiN Capacitors Extendable to 45nm Generation DRAMs Replacing HfO2 Based Dielectrics (2006)

New ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (ZAZ) dielectric film was theoretically designed and successfully demonstrated to be applicable to 45nm DRAM devices. ZAZ dielectric film is a combined structure from tetragonal ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and amorphous Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . Thus prepared ZAZ TFT capacitors showed very small Tox.eq value of 6.3Å and low leakage current less than 1fA/cell. It was also confirmed that ZAZ TFT capacitor was thermally robust during backend full thermal process by applying it to the final DRAM product in mass production
Real-Time 100 Gb/s NRZ and EDB Transmission With a GeSi Electroabsorption Modulator for Short-Reach Optical Interconnects (2017)

Transceivers based on electroabsorption modulators (EAM) are considered as a promising candidate for the next generation 400 GbE short-reach optical networks. They are capable of combining high bandwidth and low-power operation with a very compact layout, removing the need for traveling wave electrodes and dedicated 50 Ω termination. In this paper, we demonstrate the first silicon-based EAM, in combination with an in-house developed SiGe BiCMOS transceiver chipset, capable of transmitting single-lane 100 Gb/s non-return-to-zero in real-time. Transmission over 500 m of standard single mode fiber and 2 km of nonzero dispersion shifted fiber is demonstrated, assuming a forward-error coding scheme is used with a bit-error ratio limit of 3.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . Due to the high line rate, transmission over longer fiber spans was limited by the chromatic distortion in the fiber. As a possible solution, electrical duobinary modulation is proposed as it is more resilient to this type of fiber distortion by reducing the required optical bandwidth. We show improved performance for longer fiber spans with a 100 Gb/s electrical duobinary link, resulting in realtime sub-forward error coding operation over more than 2 km of standard single-mode fiber without any digital signal processing. Finally, the possibility of a 100 Gb/s EAM-to-EAM link is investigated.
Guidance and Movement Correction Based on Therapeutics Movements for Motor Rehabilitation Support Systems (2012)

The use of Virtual and Augmented Reality systems for motor rehabilitation is increasing mainly due to the new interaction tools which enable interaction through body movements. To improve these systems it is important to provide movement guidance and correction according to the therapeutic description of it. The use of natural interaction can help due the understanding of user's intentions, e.g. analyzing their body movements allows the application to provide information and encouragement to them in real time, improving the interaction and the treatment process as a whole. Thus, the aim of this research is to provide guidance and correction to performed movements based on the therapeutic definition of them. This is applied on motor rehabilitation through the use of the Kinect sensor as interaction support tool for rehabilitation systems. The Kinect sensor gives three-dimensional information about the user body, recognizing skeleton and joint positions, however, it does not provide detection of body specific movements. This way, the correct description of therapeutic movement (upper limbs, for instance) was implemented in a prototype. A scoring mechanism was also developed in order to measure the patient performance, as well as to encourage him/her to improve it by displaying a positive feedback whenever he does a correct movement.
3-D NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF DENSITY FLOW IN CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS (2001)

成層化水域で観察される密度流現象は非常に複雑な流れを帯びており, その理解の方法として数値計算が重要な役割を担う. 本研究では地形の影響を考慮するために, 境界適合座標上における3次元数値計算モデルを構築し, 実験との比較によるモデルの有効性の確認, および青潮を発生させる水理機構的要因である吹送密度流現象の再現計算を行った. 実験との比較には成層化水域への密度フロントの進入を模した条件を計算対象とし, 吹送密度流現象の再現には網走湖で青潮が観察された当時の状況をモデルとした実験室規模の水域を対象とした. その結果, 本数値計算モデルが詳細かつ良好な再現性を有し, また吹送密度流における上層水の下層水連行に関する水理機構を把握することが可能であることが示された.
Synthesis and Testing of Biodegradable Fiber-Forming Polymers (1977)

Recent literature in the field of biodegradability of synthetic polymers is mostly concerned with the problem of preventing or retarding attack on synthetic polymers and plastics by micro-organisms (1-9). Potts and coworkers reported in 1973 an extensive study on the biodegradability of synthetic polymers by micro-organisms (10). They reported that aliphatic polyesters and polyester based polyurethanes were the only classes of synthetic high molecular weight polymers found to be biodegradable in a study embracing a large number of synthetic polymers such as polyesters, polyamides, polyoleffins, and polyurethanes. Unfortunately the degradable aliphatic polyesters generally lack the desirable physical properties necessary for many applications. The microbial degradation of cellophane and amylose films has been studied by Carr and coworkers (11, 12). It has been reported by several workers that low molecular weight normal paraffins and low molecular weight polyethylene supported some microbial growth (10, 13-15). Efforts have been directed toward the synthesis
Serine protease inhibitors protect better than IL-10 and TGF-β anti-inflammatory cytokines against mouse colitis when delivered by recombinant lactococci (2015)

Altogether, these results strongly suggest that serine protease inhibitors are the most efficient anti-inflammatory molecules to be delivered by recLAB at the mucosal level for IBD treatment.
MicroRNA-146a Provides Feedback Regulation of Lyme Arthritis but Not Carditis during Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi (2014)

MicroRNAs have been shown to be important regulators of inflammatory and immune responses and are implicated in several immune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, but their role in Lyme borreliosis remains unknown. We performed a microarray screen for expression of miRNAs in joint tissue from three mouse strains infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. This screen identified upregulation of miR-146a, a key negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, in all three strains, suggesting it plays an important role in the in vivo response to B. burgdorferi. Infection of B6 miR-146a-/- mice with B. burgdorferi revealed a critical nonredundant role of miR-146a in modulating Lyme arthritis without compromising host immune response or heart inflammation. The impact of miR-146a was specifically localized to the joint, and did not impact lesion development or inflammation in the heart. Furthermore, B6 miR-146a-/- mice had elevated levels of NF-κB-regulated products in joint tissue and serum late in infection. Flow cytometry analysis of various lineages isolated from infected joint tissue of mice showed that myeloid cell infiltration was significantly greater in B6 miR-146a-/- mice, compared to B6, during B. burgdorferi infection. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages, we found that TRAF6, a known target of miR-146a involved in NF-κB activation, was dysregulated in resting and B. burgdorferi-stimulated B6 miR-146a-/- macrophages, and corresponded to elevated IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 production. This dysregulated protein production was also observed in macrophages treated with IL-10 prior to B. burgdorferi stimulation. Peritoneal macrophages from B6 miR-146a-/- mice also showed enhanced phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi. Together, these data show that miR-146a-mediated regulation of TRAF6 and NF-κB, and downstream targets such as IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1, are critical for modulation of Lyme arthritis during chronic infection with B. burgdorferi.
<title>Imaging in diffusing media with a neural net formulation: a problem in large-scale computation</title> (1992)

Attempts to recover images from objects which diffuse radiation pose an especially challenging problem in terms of defining a suitable reconstruction algorithm and with regard to identifying an appropriate computing environment for efficient processing. In this paper we consider both issues and, in particular, describe results of an algebraic technique for imaging the interior of objects which diffuse penetrating radiation using a new multicomputer environment. Two important issues which arise when considering the numerical solution of ultra large problems are the numerical precision achieved and the overall computing efficiency. Our interest in this problem concerns the possibility of obtaining 3-D optical images of tissue which could identify the availability of oxygen by evaluating oxygen- dependent changes in the near infrared spectrum of hemoglobin. These studies were motivated by recent reports from our group and others, which showed promising results for imaging in dense scattering media given only diffusely scattered signals. In our model we assume the use of an NIR laser to provide the input radiation and suitable detectors to measure both transmission and backscatter. In our present work we assume a simple Markov process model for the way in which the energy travels in the medium, but it should be noted that the reconstruction technique we propose can use any model, including nonlinear as well as linear effects, and higher order processes. Current simulations are in 2-D but the methods are easily extended to 3-D. The algorithms we propose are more closely related to algebraic reconstruction algorithms such as ART, SIRT, and SART than to algorithms based on the Born and Rytov approximations such as used for tomographic imaging with diffracting sources. Our algorithms are a significant departure from those based on these standard algebraic methods. We assume only a probabilistic knowledge of the path of the radiation, and minimal knowledge of the absorption profile of the medium. In more traditional algebraic methods, a matrix, w, is assumed, where w<SUB>ij</SUB> represents the fractional area of the jth image cell intercepted by the ith ray. The equation which is solved is w]<SUP>*</SUP>f] equals p], where f] represents the absorption of each of the cells and p] the detector readings. It is assumed that [w] is known. Typically the dimension of p] is M and the dimension of f] is N, where M &lt; N in most cases of practical interest. Standard methods are available for the solution of such equations such as least squares, linear programming, or the Kaczmarz method. We propose a different model of the physical problem. We assume that the radiation entering the medium travels through the medium according to some well defined probabilistic model which can be simulated using relaxation techniques. An example of a relaxation technique is the solution of Laplace's equation using the standard five point grid template. That computational model is based on a simple discrete approximation to the partial differential equation.
Purification and Characterization of a Protein Binding to the SP6 κ Promoter (1998)

A-T-rich region that is a positive control element within the SP6 promoter was purified and identified as CArG-box binding factor-A. The purified protein was shown to interact specifically with the coding strand of single-stranded DNA and, with lower affinity, with double-stranded DNA. A mutation that inhibited binding of the protein to the A-T-rich region also aborted the transcriptional stimulatory effect of the region. Two Ets proteins, PU.1 and elf-1, that have previously been shown to bind to an adjacent DNA element were shown to physically interact with CArGbox binding factor-A. An antiserum raised against the protein recognized two different forms indicating either that different splice-forms of CArG-box binding factor-A are expressed, or that the protein is subject to posttranslational modification.
Double-Lanthanide-Binding Tags for Macromolecular Crystallographic Structure Determination (2007)

A double-lanthanide-binding tag (dLBT), a small peptide sequence engineered to bind two lanthanide ions (e.g., Tb3+) with high affinity, was used to solve the phase problem for the structure determination of ubiquitin by the single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) method. Since the dLBT is comprised exclusively of encoded amino acids, the necessity for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids or chemical modification of the protein as a prerequisite for X-ray structure determination is eliminated. A construct encoding the dLBT as an N-terminal fusion with ubiquitin provides for facile expression and purification using standard methods. Phasing of the single-wavelength X-ray data (at 2.6 A resolution) using only the anomalous signal from the two tightly bound Tb3+ ions in the dLBT led to clear electron-density maps. Nearly 75% of the ubiquitin structure was built using automated model-building software without user intervention. It is anticipated that this technique will be broadly applicable, complementing existing macromolecular phasing methodologies. The dLBT should be particularly useful in cases where protein derivatization with heavy atoms proves to be problematic or synchrotron facilities are unavailable.
Nephrin and Podocin Expression Around the Onset of Puromycin Aminonucleoside Nephrosis (2005)

Decreased expression levels of the glomerular slit membrane proteins, nephrin and podocin, have been reported after the onset of puromycin aminonucleoside (PA) nephrosis. We examined nephrin and podocin expressions prior to the onset of proteinuria of PA nephrosis to elucidate the proteinuria induction mechanism of PA. PA nephrosis was induced by a subcutaneous single injection of 120 mg kg(-1) PA. The mRNA levels of nephrin and podocin in whole kidney total RNA were quantified by the TaqMan real time PCR quantification system. The localization and levels of nephrin and podocin molecules were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting, respectively. Albuminuria and proteinuria were significant on days 3 and 4 in PA nephrosis rats. The protein levels of nephrin and podocin decreased significantly at day 3. The protein localization of nephrin and podocin changed at day 2 and day 1, respectively. The mRNA level of nephrin increased at day 2 and subsequently decreased at day 4. The podocin mRNA level did not change significantly. In conclusions, the protein level of nephrin and podocin decreased at the onset of albuminuria in the PA nephrosis. However, the first change induced by PA was the change of podocin localization from a linear pattern to a dot-like one prior to the onset of albuminuria.
Order–disorder transitions in Langmuir–Blodgett films. IV. Structure of [F(CF2)8(CH2)1COO−]2 Cd2+ multilayers at ambient and elevated temperatures (1989)

Langmuir–Blodgett multilayered (6–12) films of a semifluorinated fatty acid, F(CF2)8(CH2)10COOH, have been deposited on transmission and reflection substrates and investigated using polarized infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The spectra revealed that the cadmium salt of this fatty acid was transferred and not the acid itself. Unlike its hydrocarbon analog, [F(CF2)8(CH2)10COO−]2 Cd2+ is not oriented normal to the surface but is inclined due to the packing constraints dictated by the considerably larger cross section of the fluorocarbon part of the molecule. At elevated temperatures, the orientation of the fluorocarbon chain is observed to change and this has been attributed to disordered conformations preferentially introduced in the hydrocarbon portion of the molecule due to its inherent flexibility relative to the rigid fluorocarbon helix.
Effects of Foveation on Visual Search Task with Visual Prosthesis Simulation (2013)

A visual prosthesis simulator with capabilities to simulate several retinal diseases including Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), as well as a visual representation of prosthetic vision, was constructed to simulate both eye-directed and head-directed percepts using normally sighted volunteers wearing a head-mounted display with an external scene camera. These head and eye pointed modes allow the effects of foveation in retinal prostheses to be studied. Visual search experiments are a recognized method to quantify the efficiency by which a subject can visually locate and recognize a target object, and have shown that normally sighted subjects exhibit a strong linear relationship between the response time to locate a target object and the number of total distractor objects displayed. The present study compared normal visual search results to both head-pointed and eye-pointed (simulated) retinal prostheses. Four subjects performed a visual search task with black letters on a white screen spanning a 90° field of view while wearing the visual prosthesis simulator in both head-pointed and eye-pointed camera modes. In both simulation modes, the percept was stabilized on the subject’s retina using an eye-tracker. The letter "F" was used as a target object with letter "E" distractor objects also present. Letter size was adjusted to be well above the visual acuity limit during simulation of AMD with a 32 × 32 retinal prosthesis electrode array. Response time to find the target was plotted against the number of distractors for both head-pointed and eye-pointed camera modes, and compared to unrestricted normal vision trials without the use of the simulator. All subjects showed a significant linear trend in the response time plots. In each case, the slopes and intercepts of the linear regressions are significantly lower in the eye-pointed case than in the head-pointed case, suggesting an overall improvement in function. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2013