gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crash Test and Evaluation of Temporary Wood Sign Support System for Large Guide Signs (2016)

The objective of this research task was to evaluate the impact performance of a temporary wood sign support system for large guide signs. It was desired to use existing Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) sign hardware in the design to the extent possible. The full-scale crash testing followed the procedures recommended in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH). In MASH Test 3-60, the Temporary Wood Sign Support System for Large Guide Signs readily activated by fracturing in various designed locations. The fractured posts did not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, and did not present hazard to others in the area. The sign panel came to rest on the roof of the vehicle with resulting occupant compartment deformation of 2.5 inches. Occupant risk factors were within the limits specified in MASH. In MASH Test 3-61, the TxDOT Large Temporary Wood Sign Support readily activated by fracturing in various designed locations. The fractured posts did not penetrate or show potential for penetrating the occupant compartment, and did not present hazard to others in the area. No occupant deformation or intrusion occurred. Occupant risk factors were within the preferred limits specified in MASH. The Temporary Wood Sign Support System for Large Guide Signs performed acceptably for MASH Tests 3-60 and 3-61. Accompanying wind load charts and foundation embedment depths were developed and presented for all acceptable temporary wood support sizes deemed crashworthy based on the tests performed under this project and previous research efforts. These design charts and tables can be used to develop standard detail sheets to aid designers in the selection of appropriate support details for a given sign.
Towards molecular design of the cellulose/polycaprolactoneinterphase : engineering of debonding toughness (2009)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT-3) is known to be overexpressed in cancer stem cells. Poor solubility and variable drug absorption are linked to low bioavailability and decreased efficacy. Many of the drugs regulating STAT-3 expression lack aqueous solubility; hence hindering efficient bioavailability. A theranostics nanoplatform based on luminescent carbon particles decorated with cucurbit[6]uril is introduced for enhancing the solubility of niclosamide, a STAT-3 inhibitor. The host-guest chemistry between cucurbit[6]uril and niclosamide makes the delivery of the hydrophobic drug feasible while carbon nanoparticles enhance cellular internalization. Extensive physicochemical characterizations confirm successful synthesis. Subsequently, the host-guest chemistry of niclosamide and cucurbit[6]uril is studied experimentally and computationally. In vitro assessments in human breast cancer cells indicate approximately twofold enhancement in IC<sub>50</sub> of drug. Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence imaging demonstrate efficient cellular internalization. Furthermore, the catalytic biodegradation of the nanoplatforms occur upon exposure to human myeloperoxidase in short time. In vivo studies on athymic mice with MCF-7 xenograft indicate the size of tumor in the treatment group is half of the controls after 40 d. Immunohistochemistry corroborates the downregulation of STAT-3 phosphorylation. Overall, the host-guest chemistry on nanocarbon acts as a novel arsenal for STAT-3 inhibition.
Hybrid-DIA: intelligent data acquisition integrates targeted and discovery proteomics to analyze phospho-signaling in single spheroids (2023)

Achieving sufficient coverage of regulatory phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry (MS)-based phosphoproteomics for signaling pathway reconstitution is challenging, especially when analyzing tiny sample amounts. To address this, we present a hybrid data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy (hybrid-DIA) that combines targeted and discovery proteomics through an Application Programming Interface (API) to dynamically intercalate DIA scans with accurate triggering of multiplexed tandem mass spectrometry (MSx) scans of predefined (phospho)peptide targets. By spiking-in heavy stable isotope labeled phosphopeptide standards covering seven major signaling pathways, we benchmark hybrid-DIA against state-of-the-art targeted MS methods (i.e., SureQuant) using EGF-stimulated HeLa cells and find the quantitative accuracy and sensitivity to be comparable while hybrid-DIA also profiles the global phosphoproteome. To demonstrate the robustness, sensitivity, and biomedical potential of hybrid-DIA, we profile chemotherapeutic agents in single colon carcinoma multicellular spheroids and evaluate the phospho-signaling difference of cancer cells in 2D vs 3D culture.
Immunoglobulin V Regions of a Bactericidal Anti‐Neisseria meningitidis Outer Membrane Protein Monoclonal Antibody (1990)

C6 is a potentially therapeutic murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes the class 1 outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis. C6 specifically immunoblots this antigen and augments in vitro killing of N. meningitidis bacteria. We describe a general method of obtaining the heavy and light chain variable-region sequence from immunoglobulin-secreting cells. The method uses mixed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers designed from the 5' end of the framework 1 (FR1) sequences of the heavy and light chains, and 3'-end primers for constant-region conserved sequences. The method has been applied to the cloning and sequencing of the variable region of C6 to construct a humanized monoclonal antibody. Rapid amplification and sequencing of variable regions by this general method have multiple applications in the study of the immune response to infectious diseases.
Molecular profiling of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): Preliminary results from the SU2C/PCF/AACR West Coast Prostate Cancer Dream Team (WCDT). (2014)

5088 Background: The molecular basis of mCRPC has not been well characterized because of its bone tropism and difficulties in obtaining adequate tissue to evaluate. Bringing next-gen sequencing into clinical (CLIA-licensed) laboratories is an important step in the advancement of personalized cancer care in these patients (pts). As part of the WCDT project, we are conducting next-gen, semiconductor-based sequencing using the GeneTrails®Solid Tumor Panel, which covers 37 commonly mutated cancer genes. Methods: mCRPC pts, both abiraterone and enzalutamide naive and resistant, underwent biopsy (bx) at one of 5 WCDT clinical sites. Oncogenic mutations or amplifications in 37 genes were detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) bone and soft issue bx using amplicon + semiconductor-based sequencing within a CLIA-certified laboratory. PTEN status was also examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: 60 of 300 planned mCRPC pts have undergone a metastasis bx. FFPE tissue has been evaluated by sequencing in 26 of these bx. Bx sites were: bone (n=8), lymph node (n=9) liver (n=7) lung (n=1), and adrenal (n=1). Mutations were found in 16 (62%) of the samples, with a greater rate of mutations in soft tissue (13/18) vs. bone (3/8). The most frequent mutations were in TP53 (N = 11, 42%), followed by PTEN (N = 4, 15%), RB1 (N = 4, 15%), PIK3CA (N = 2, 7.6%). Single instances of mutations were observed for AKT1, DDR2, EGFR, KIT, NOTCH1, TSC1, TSC2 and HRAS (3.2% each). Amplification of EGFR and FGFR1 were also noted. 90% of these alterations are known to result in either gain or loss of function. PTEN loss by IHC and/or mutation was seen in 12 of 26 (46%) of pts. Overall, 13 pts (50%) demonstrated at least one alteration in the PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis. Conclusions: Bx from mCRPC pts, including bone, can be used for prospective molecular profiling of tumor biopsy specimens. The most common alterations were found in the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway (50%), p53 (11%) and RB1 (15%). Combining amplicon + semiconductor-based next-gen sequencing provides a fast, cost-effective and reliable approach to potentially clinically actionable targeted sequencing data from mCRPC sites.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Access to α‐Phosphonoenamides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High speed AlGaInAs electroabsorption modulated laser and its optically equalized operation at 86 Gb/s (2008)

We demonstrate a novel compact AlGaInAs electroabsorption modulated laser at 86 Gb/s including bit-error rate measurements using an optical equalizer.
A Production Wide-Range AFR Sensor Response Diagnostic Algorithm for Direct-Injection Gasoline Application (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A wide-range Air-Fuel Ratio sensor (WRAF) response diagnostic algorithm was developed for production application in Gasoline Direct Injection (Gas-DI) powertrains to fulfill On Board Diagnostic (OBD) legislative requirements [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] for wide-range oxygen sensors. The algorithm measures the response of a wide-range air-fuel ratio (AFR) sensor signal to an input AFR signal of known amplitude to determine whether degradation in sensor responsiveness is severe enough to cause a failure of legal emissions requirements.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A practical IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) digital bandpass filter design was used in series with a rectifier and low-pass filter to process the AFR sensor signal for comparison to a reference signal amplitude. The IIR filter was designed with a moveable pass-band to enable the algorithm to be used at variable frequencies during intrusive and non-intrusive sensor diagnostic tests.&lt;/div&gt;
Automation of Radiochemical Analysis: From Groundwater Monitoring to Nuclear Waste Analysis (2003)

In the current analytical practice determination of nongamma-emmiting radionuclides relies on manual radiochemical analysis methods performed in centralized laboratories. Manual methods are not well suited to support nuclear waste processing and long-term environmental monitoring applications. Our research is directed at the development of chemical and instrumentation approaches towards automated radiochemical analysis and radionuclide-specific sensing. Our overall approach is based on integrating selective separation chemistries and radiation detection within a single functional sensor or analyzer device. This paper will present examples of selective radiometric sensing of beta- and alpha-emitters in water. Analysis of total 99Tc and actinides in aged nuclear waste samples will be discussed as examples of automated analytical procedures and analyzer instruments.
Data from Heparin-Binding EGF-Like Growth Factor Is a Promising Target for Ovarian Cancer Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death among all gynecologic cancers. We demonstrate here that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced ectodomain shedding of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a critical to tumor formation in ovarian cancer. We found that among the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of growth factors, HB-EGF gene expression in cancerous tissues and HB-EGF protein levels in patients’ ascites fluid were significantly elevated. The human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and RMG-1 form tumors in nude mice. Tumor formation of these cells was enhanced by exogenous expression of pro-HB-EGF and completely blocked by pro-HB-EGF gene RNA interference or by CRM197, a specific HB-EGF inhibitor. Transfection with mutant forms of HB-EGF indicated that the release of soluble HB-EGF is essential for tumor formation. LPA, which is constitutively produced by ovarian cancer cells, induced HB-EGF ectodomain shedding in SKOV3 and RMG-1 cells, resulting in the transactivation of EGFR and the downstream kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase. LPA-induced transactivation was abrogated by HB-EGF gene RNA interference or by CRM197. Introduction of lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase, which hydrolyzes LPA, decreased the constitutive shedding of HB-EGF, EGFR transactivation, and the tumorigenic potential of SKOV3 and RMG-1 cells. These results indicate that HB-EGF is the primary member of the EGFR family of growth factors expressed in ovarian cancer and that LPA-induced ectodomain shedding of this growth factor is a critical step in tumor formation, making HB-EGF a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Primary central chondrosarcoma of long bone, limb girdle and trunk: Analysis of 174 cases by numerical scoring on histology (2015)

The aims of this study were: (i) to elucidate clinicopathological characteristics of pcCHS of long bones (L), limb girdles (LG) and trunk (T) in Japan; (ii) to investigate predictive pathological findings for outcome of pcCHS of L, LG and T, objectively; and (iii) to elucidate a discrepancy of grade between biopsy and resected specimens. Clinicopathological profiles of 174 pcCHS (79 male, 95 female), of L, LG, and T were retrieved. For each case, a numerical score was given to 18 pathological findings. The average age was 50.5 years (15-80 years). Frequently involved sites were femur, humerus, pelvis and rib. The 5-year and 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates [follow-up: 1-258 months (average 65.5)] were 87.0% and 80.4%, respectively. By Cox hazards analysis on pathological findings, age, sex and location, histologically higher grade and older age were unfavorable predictors, and calcification was a favorable predictor in DSS. The histological grade of resected specimen was higher than that of biopsy in 37.7% (26/69 cases). In conclusion, higher histological grade and older age were predictors for poor, but calcification was for good prognosis. Because there was a discrepancy in grade between biopsy and resected specimens, comprehensive evaluation is necessary before definitive operation for pcCHS.
Current And Future Trends In Embedded Vliw Microprocessors Applied To Multimedia And Signal Processing (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Experimental and computational studies of positron-stimulated ion desorption from TiO2(1 1 0) surface (2017)

Experimental and computational studies of the positron-stimulated O $^+$ ion desorption process from a TiO _2 (1 1 0) surface are reported. The measured data indicate that the O $^+$ ion yields depend on the positron incident energy in the energy range between 0.5 keV and 15 keV. This dependence is closely related to the fraction of positrons which diffuse back to the surface after thermalization in the bulk. Based on the experimental and computational results, we conclude that the ion desorption via positron-stimulation occurs dominantly by the annihilation of surface-trapped positrons with core electrons of the topmost surface atoms.
Polystyrene Cyclization Using Pyrene Excimer Formation. Effect of Geminate Pairs in Good Solvents (1998)

The cyclization of polystyrene chains (M̄n = 2600, M̄w/M̄n = 1.07; M̄n = 4500, M̄w/M̄n = 1.08), both-ends labeled with 1-pyrenyl groups, was studied in the range of temperatures 25−90 °C, in two good solvents (toluene and 1,4-dioxane) and one poor solvent (methylcyclohexane). In methylcyclohexane a two-state Birks kinetics is followed, but in good solvents at high temperatures the contribution of geminate pairs recombination must be considered. Values of the standard enthalpies, ΔH°, and entropies, ΔS°, for excimer formation were determined from the van't Hoff plots. The ΔS° values are solvent and chain length dependent, while the ΔH° values are, within the experimental error, chain length independent.
Comparative Efficacy of Different Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins (LMWHs) and Drug Interactions with LMWH: Implications for Management of Vascular Disorders (2000)

The low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are more efficacious and safer than unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and to a certain extent in the treatment of acute ischemic syndromes. Because of their predictable pharmacokinetics and bioavailability after subcutaneous administration, LMWHs can be more convenient for outpatient use than UFH. Differences in the manufacturing process of LMWHs result in significant structural and molecular weight differences; thus, LMWHs have individual biochemical and pharmacological profiles and are not interchangeable on the basis of either mass or anti-Xa activity. Using thromboelastograph (TEG) and platelet aggregometry, this investigation compared the in vitro efficacy among various LMWHs and examined the interactions between LMWHs and platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists. TEG was used to determine the ability of platelet and fibrin interactions to augment blood clots, an effect measured under conditions of maximal platelet activation during clot formation accelerated by recombinant human tissue factor (TF). The comparative efficacy of LMWHs on different mediator-induced clot retraction in human blood was assessed by TEG, which demonstrated the potency of different LMWHs to inhibit various mediator-induced clot formations under shear. Tinzaparin was relatively more effective in inhibiting TF-, lipopolysaccharide-, factor (f) Xa-, and thrombin-induced clot formation under shear. Under these conditions, platelets significantly enhance clot strength (eightfold vs. platelet-free fibrin clots). LMWHs appear to have broader efficacy than other anticoagulants. Abciximab and roxifiban further inhibited clot strength by affecting the transmission of platelet contractile force to fibrin by platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptors. Subtherapeutic doses of tinzaparin combined with abciximab or roxifiban resulted in a distinct synergy that improved anticoagulant and antiplatelet efficacy mediated by TF, fXa, or thrombin. As these data suggest, the combination of low-dose tinzaparin with low-dose GPIIb/IIIa antagonists (abciximab, roxifiban) may be efficacious in the prevention and treatment of various thromboembolic disorders.
Basic research in crystalline and noncrystalline ceramic systems. Annual report, August 1, 1979-October 31, 1980 (1980)

The Basic Research Programs in Ceramics supports a significant fraction of the research effort and graduate student training in ceramics at M.I.T. The importance of basic research programs in ceramics processing and properties is becoming widely recognized as the critical role of improved ceramic materials for energy systems is acknowledged. The needs identified in the 1977 series of workshops on DOE programs in energy-related materials research and by the ongoing efforts of the DOE Council on Materials Science are being translated into the basic and applied research necessary to fulfill the established objectives in the effort to solve the nation's energy problems. Present indications are that ceramics in numerous applications will be critical in meeting national energy requirements.
Machine learning uncovers a data-driven transcriptional regulatory network for the Crenarchaeal thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (2021)

Abstract Dynamic cellular responses to environmental constraints are coordinated by the transcriptional regulatory network (TRN), which modulates gene expression. This network controls most fundamental cellular responses, including metabolism, motility, and stress responses. Here, we apply independent component analysis, an unsupervised machine learning approach, to 95 high-quality Sulfolobus acidocaldarius RNA-seq datasets and extract 45 independently modulated gene sets, or iModulons. Together, these iModulons contain 755 genes (32% of the genes identified on the genome) and explain over 70% of the variance in the expression compendium. We show that 5 modules represent the effects of known transcriptional regulators, and hypothesize that most of the remaining modules represent the effects of uncharacterized regulators. Further analysis of these gene sets results in: (1) the prediction of a DNA export system composed of 5 uncharacterized genes, (2) expansion of the LysM regulon, and (3) evidence for an as-yet-undiscovered global regulon. Our approach allows for a mechanistic, systems-level elucidation of an extremophile’s responses to biological perturbations, which could inform research on gene-regulator interactions and facilitate regulator discovery in S. acidocaldarius . We also provide the first global TRN for S. acidocaldarius . Collectively, these results provide a roadmap towards regulatory network discovery in archaea.
Diffraction Correction for Focused Transducers in Attenuation Measurements

in Vivo (1987)

Diffraction effects are a cause of error when estimating the frequency dependent attenuation of ultrasound in biological tissues in the reflection mode. Comparison of attenuation values estimated in vivo by different investigators using different types of transducers makes calibration and correction for diffraction necessary. In this paper, we present experimental results for in vivo calibration and correction for the diffraction effect for focused transducers. We also study numerically the diffraction filter in a time-frequency representation, and show that for a focused probe, there is a region in the time-frequency domain where the frequency slope of the diffraction filter does not vary with time. The main consequence for in vivo estimation is that for a given probe, it is possible to select both the distance between the region of interest and the probe, and the frequency limits, such that the attenuation thus estimated is unbiased by the diffraction effect. This result, obtained by numerical calculations, is confirmed by experimental calibration of a foam phantom and in vivo muscle.
Integration of polymer self-assembly for lithographic application (2008)

Directed polymer self-assembly which combines lithographically defined substrates and self-assembled polymers has been considered as a potential candidate to extend conventional patterning techniques. In the past few years, successful demonstration of directed self-assembly of block copolymer shows that this method can afford sub-lithographic resolution or enhances dimensional control. However, integration of polymer self-assembly into standard lithographic processes remains a challenge and requires new materials. In this paper, we demonstrate robust and thermally crosslinked underlayer materials which control the orientation of block copolymer assemblies and are compatible with standard lithographic processes. These new materials allow simple integration of perpendicularly oriented polystyrene-b- polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) domains into standard manufacturing processes.