gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aptamer-facilitated Protection of Oncolytic Virus from Neutralizing Antibodies (2014)

Oncolytic viruses promise to significantly improve current cancer treatments through their tumor-selective replication and multimodal attack against cancer cells. However, one of the biggest setbacks for oncolytic virus therapy is the intravenous delivery of the virus, as it can be cleared from the bloodstream by neutralizing antibodies before it reaches the tumor cells. We have selected DNA aptamers against an oncolytic virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, using a competitive binding approach, as well as against the antigen binding fragment (Fab) of antivesicular stomatitis virus polyclonal antibodies, in order to shield the virus from nAbs and enhance its in vivo survival. We used flow cytometry to identify these aptamers and evaluated their efficiency to shield vesicular stomatitis virus in a cell-based plaque forming assay. These oligonucleotides were then modified to obtain multivalent binders, which led to a decrease of viral aggregation, an increase in its infectivity and an increase in its stability in serum. The aptamers were also incubated in nondiluted serum, showing their effectiveness under conditions mimicking those in vivo. With this approach, we were able to increase viral infectivity by more than 70% in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, this method has the potential to enhance the delivery of vesicular stomatitis virus through the bloodstream without compromising the patient's immune system.
Picosecond Damage in Y2O3 Stabilized Cubic Zirconia (1986)

The hardness, strength, and transparency of cubic zirconia ZrO2 makes it a good candidate as a laser window material; however, to obtain these qualities a relatively large percentage of Y2O3 is added to stabilize the crystals and increase their mechanical strength. As impurities are often regarded as the initiators of laser-induced damage we have performed a study of the damage thresholds of optical quality ZrO2 stabilized with Y2O3. These thresholds have been measured with picosecond 1.06 μm laser pulses in crystals having Y2O3 concentrations of 9.4%, 12%, 15%, 18%, and 21%. We found that the addition of Y2O3 for increasing the mechanical strength of zirconia does not necessarily lead to a decrease in the damaging irradiance. In addition, the thresholds for ZrO2 are comparable to those of NaCl.
AES-GCM and AES-CCM Authenticated Encryption in Secure RTP (SRTP) (2011)

This document defines how AES-GCM, AES-CCM, and other Authenticated
Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) algorithms, can be used to
provide confidentiality and data authentication mechanisms in the SRTP
protocol.
Conditioning, Filtering, and Expressing Waste Activated Sludge (1999)

In this study, the applied liquid pressure was used to characterize the rate and extent of activated sludge dewatering in the expression phase. By characterizing the liquid pressure, three important features of expression phase dewatering were determined. First, as the depth of sludge cake increased, the ability to express water from the sludge cake was greatly reduced. Second, iron and lime were found to be superior to polymer, especially as the applied pressure increased. Third, for either type of conditioner, increased pressure resulted in a decreased rate of expression. This was probably due to the highly compressible nature of activated sludge, which responds to pressure by becoming less porous.
Fantastic 302 PDF Questions 2022 To think about Your Career (2022)

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Homeoprotein transduction in neurodevelopment and physiopathology (2020)

Homeoproteins were originally identified for embryonic cell-autonomous transcription activity, but they also have non-cell-autonomous activity owing to transfer between cells. This Review discusses transfer mechanisms and focuses on some established functions, such as neurodevelopmental regulation of axon guidance, and postnatal critical periods of brain plasticity that affect sensory processing and cognition. Homeoproteins are present across all eukaryotes, and intercellular transfer occurs in plants and animals. Proposed functions have evolutionary relevance, such as morphogenetic activity and sexual exchange during the mating of unicellular eukaryotes, while others have physiopathological relevance, such as regulation of mood and cognition by influencing brain compartmentalization, connectivity, and plasticity. There are more than 250 known homeoproteins with conserved transfer domains, suggesting that this is a common mode of signal transduction but with many undiscovered functions.
Exact Steady-State Analysis of Phase-Shifted Dual-Input LLC Converter (2019)

This paper presents an exact steady-state time-domain analysis of the dual-input LLC converter. The converter interfaces two PV panels regulated via phase-shift modulation (PSM) to achieve dual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while the load is controlled by the frequency-shift modulation (FSM) technique. The detailed mode-by-mode operation and steady-state analysis are presented are derived over one switching cycle according to three parameters: the switching frequency, phase shift, and load weight. Furthermore, the DC gain equations of each photovoltaic (PV) panel are derived and their corresponding control characteristic curves are given. To verify the theoretical analysis, detailed simulation results for a 600 W converter are presented.
A low-cost visual sensor network for elderly care (2014)

A low-resolution visual sensor network enables monitoring of elderly people's health and safety at home, postponing institutionalized healthcare.
Cervical and thoracic cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis phenotypes: Quantification and correlation with clinical disability (2021)

Spinal cord atrophy was prevalent across MS phenotypes, with regional measures from the RRMS cohort and the progressive cohort, including SPMS and PPMS, being correlated with disability. Longitudinal changes in the spinal cord were documented in RRMS cases, making it a potential marker for disease progression. While cervical SCCSA correlated with most disability and progression measures, inclusion of thoracic measurements improved this correlation and allowed for better subgrouping of spinal cord phenotypes. Cord atrophy is an important and easily obtainable imaging marker of clinical and sub-clinical progression in all MS phenotypes, and such measures can play a key role in patient selection for clinical trials.
MicroRNA-146a is a therapeutic target and biomarker for peripartum cardiomyopathy (2013)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life-threatening pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy in previously healthy women. Although PPCM is driven in part by the 16-kDa N-terminal prolactin fragment (16K PRL), the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that 16K PRL induced microRNA-146a (miR-146a) expression in ECs, which attenuated angiogenesis through downregulation of NRAS. 16K PRL stimulated the release of miR-146a-loaded exosomes from ECs. The exosomes were absorbed by cardiomyocytes, increasing miR-146a levels, which resulted in a subsequent decrease in metabolic activity and decreased expression of Erbb4, Notch1, and Irak1. Mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted Stat3 knockout (CKO mice) exhibited a PPCM-like phenotype and displayed increased cardiac miR-146a expression with coincident downregulation of Erbb4, Nras, Notch1, and Irak1. Blocking miR-146a with locked nucleic acids or antago-miRs attenuated PPCM in CKO mice without interrupting full-length prolactin signaling, as indicated by normal nursing activities. Finally, miR-146a was elevated in the plasma and hearts of PPCM patients, but not in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. These results demonstrate that miR-146a is a downstream-mediator of 16K PRL that could potentially serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for PPCM.
The Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Binds to and Dephosphorylates p120 Catenin (2000)

A prominent tyrosine-phosphorylated protein of approximately 100 kDa (designated pp100) in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated A431 cells was found to be a main interaction partner of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in pull-down experiments with a glutathione S-transferase-SHP-1 fusion protein. Binding was largely mediated by the N-terminal SH2 domain of SHP-1 and apparently direct and independent from the previously described association of SHP-1 with the activated EGF receptor. pp100 was partially purified and identified by mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic fragments, partial amino acid sequencing, and use of authentic antibodies as the 3A isoform of the Armadillo repeat protein superfamily member p120 catenin (p120(ctn)). Different p120(ctn) isoforms expressed in human embryonal kidney 293 cells, exhibited differential binding to SHP-1 that correlated partly with the extent of EGF-dependent p120(ctn) tyrosine phosphorylation. Despite strong phosphorylation, p120(ctn) isoforms 3B and 3AB bound, however, less readily to SHP-1. SHP-1 associated transiently with p120(ctn) in EGF-stimulated A431 cells stably transfected with a tetracycline-responsive SHP-1 expression construct, and p120(ctn) exhibited elevated phosphorylation upon a tetracycline-mediated decrease in the SHP-1 level. Functions of p120(ctn), which are regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation, may be modulated by the described SHP-1-p120(ctn) interaction.
Antivirus applied to JAR malware detection based on runtime behaviors (2022)

Java vulnerabilities correspond to 91% of all exploits observed on the worldwide web. The present work aims to create antivirus software with machine learning and artificial intelligence and master in Java malware detection. Within the proposed methodology, the suspected JAR sample is executed to intentionally infect the Windows OS monitored in a controlled environment. In all, our antivirus monitors and considers, statistically, 6824 actions that the suspected JAR file can perform when executed. Our antivirus achieved an average performance of 91.58% in the distinction between benign and malware JAR files. Different initial conditions, learning functions and architectures of our antivirus are investigated. The limitations of commercial antiviruses can be supplied by intelligent antiviruses. Instead of blacklist-based models, our antivirus allows JAR malware detection preventively and not reactively as Oracle's Java and traditional antivirus modus operandi.
Generation of inducible hepatitis C virus transgenic mouse lines (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the causative agent of most cases of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) affecting more than 170 million people world-wide. Progress in elucidating the nature of HCV and the development of new therapeutic strategies is hampered fundamentally by the absence of adequate small animal models simulating natural HCV infection. The creation of conditional mouse lines with the tetracycline-controlled gene expression system holds new perspectives for simulation of wild-type HCV infection in a small animal model. Transgenic mice were established with tetracycline-inducible coexpression of HCV core or HCV open reading frame (ORF) and luciferase. In long-term induction experiments, mice were examined for immunopathological changes after expression of HCV proteins. Inducible and liver-specific expression of transgenes was detected by Western blot, immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay and in vivo imaging of bioluminescence of luciferase in genetically modified mice. Ectopic expression levels were determined quantitatively in the liver, kidney, heart and spleen of mice in the induced and non-induced state. During long-term induction an elevation of aminotransaminases (ALT) was observed only in HCV core/ORF-expressing mice, but HCV-specific immune response was not confirmed by in vitro immunological assays. The histology of liver sections provided evidence of steatosis, which was correlated with an inflammatory response. The inducible HCV-transgenic mouse lines provide further evidence of liver pathogenesis in the presence of inflammation during liver-specific expression of HCV proteins and offer new insights into the effects of temporally and spatially controlled protein expression of HCV.
Does long-term survival in patients with pancreatic cancer really exist?-Results from the CONKO-001 study (2013)

Long-term survival can be achieved in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications. Photorefractive Polymers and Their Applications. (2002)

Ten years have passed since discovery of photorefractive polymer. This paper reviews the progress made respecting photorefractive polymers. The mechanism of the photorefractive effect in photorefractive polymers is also explained. Finally the applications of photorefractive polymers are described.
Linear motor driven-rotary motion of a membrane-permeabilized ghost in Mycoplasma mobile (2018)

Abstract Mycoplasma mobile exhibits a smooth gliding movement as does its membrane-permeabilized ghost model. This exceptionally prominent experimental system has allowed us to conclude that the energy source for M. mobile motility is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the gliding is largely comprised of repetitions of unitary steps of about 70 nm. In the present study, we show a new motility mode, in which the ghost model prepared with a high concentration of detergent exhibits directed rotational motions with a constant speed. With a rotational speed and viscous friction of a single ghost, the torque was estimated to be ∼30 pN nm at saturated [ATP]s. Although the origin of the rotation has not been conclusively settled, we found that rotary ghosts treated with sialyllactose, the binding target for leg proteins, were stopped. This result suggested that biomolecules embedded on the cell membrane nonspecifically attaches to the glass and works as a flexible pivot point, and the linear motion of the leg is a driving force for a rotary motion. This simple geometry exemplifies the new mechanism, by which the movement of a linear motor is efficiently converted to a constant rotation of the object on a micrometer scale.
Potential therapeutic applications for interleukin 1: anti-tumor and hematopoietic effects (1987)

Interleukin 1 (IL 1), a major immunoregulatory monokine, was originally defined by its ability to act as a co-mitogenic factor for murine thymocytes. Since then, IL 1 has been revealed to act as a mediator of host defenses that modulates inflammatory, immunological as well as hematological reactions. This report discusses two distinct effects of IL 1 with potential therapeutic applicability: first, antitumor cell activities and second, the bone marrow restorative activities that probably account for the radioprotective effects of IL 1. There is in vitro and in vivo evidence that IL 1 may play an important role in host defense against tumors by augmenting in vitro monocyte-mediated tumor cytotoxicity by augmenting in vitro NK cell activity by having direct in vitro antiproliferative and cytocidal effects for some tumor cells, and by inducing in vivo tumor regression in mice. It is also shown that administration of IL 1 protects mice from death. This increased survival was paralleled by the recovery of the hematopoietic system from radiation damage. In the course of investigating the reasons for the marrow (BM) restorative effects of IL 1, it was observed that administration of IL 1 to normal mice markedly increases cycling of bone marrow cells.more » These observed properties of IL 1 induction of BM cell cycling, differentiation of leukemic cell, and its cytostatic effect may have therapeutic utility.« less
Loss of a Class A Penicillin-Binding Protein Alters β-Lactam Susceptibilities in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)

Recent studies have renewed interest in β-lactam antibiotics as a potential treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. To explore the opportunities and limitations of this approach, we sought to better understand potential resistance mechanisms to β-lactam antibiotics in M. tuberculosis. We identified mutations in the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) ponA2 that were able to confer some degree of resistance to the cephalosporin subclass of β-lactams. Surprisingly, deletion of ponA2 also confers resistance, demonstrating that β-lactam resistance can spontaneously arise from PBP loss of function. We show that ponA2 mutants resistant to the cephalosporin subclass of β-lactams in fact show increased susceptibility to meropenem, a carbapenem that is known to target l,d-transpeptidases, thereby suggesting that in the absence of PonA2, an alternative mode of peptidoglycan synthesis likely becomes essential. Consistent with this hypothesis, a negative genetic selection identified the l,d-transpeptidase ldtMt2 as essential in the absence of ponA2. The mechanism of β-lactam resistance we outline is consistent with emerging models of β-lactam killing, while the investigation of ponA2 downstream and synthetic lethal genes sheds light on the mechanism of cell wall biosynthesis and the interaction between conventional PBPs and l,d-transpeptidases.
Migration-based event location for DAS-geophone hybrid microseismic monitoring from a single monitoring well: Hydraulic stimulation case studies for oil/gas and geothermal applications (2021)

Single-well microseismic monitoring is a cost-effective option when considering downhole microseismic monitoring of hydraulic treatments et al. in nearby wells. We study the feasibility of a 1C Distributed Acoustic Sensing– 3C geophone hybrid configuration in terms of the event location problem using two datasets: one acquired during the monitoring of a traditional hydraulic stimulation in oil and gas and one in relation to the monitoring of an injection linked to a geothermal field. Both datasets show satisfactory accuracy of the data time-stamping of both the 3C geophone and 1C DAS systems, thus enabling the joint event location process. We used a migration-based approach to determine hypocenters without time picks. As a result of leveraging such a hybrid system, we observe a reduction in event location uncertainty as opposed to when relying on a traditional 3C geophone-only array. The 1C DAS–3C geophone hybrid system has all the characteristics required to successfully replace 3C geophone-only arrays for microseismic event locations.
Improved Patient Outcomes by Normalizing Sympathovagal Balance: Differentiating Syncope—Precise Subtype Differentiation Leads to Improved Outcomes (2018)

Syncope is difficult to definitively diagnose, even with tilt-table testing and beat-to-beat blood pressure measurements, the gold-standard. Both are qualitative, subjective assessments. There are subtypes of syncope associated with autonomic conditions for which tilt-table testing is not useful. Heart rate variability analyses also include too much ambiguity. Three subtypes of syncope are differentiated: vasovagal syncope (VVS) due to parasympathetic excess (VVS-PE), VVS with abnormal heart rate response (VVS-HR), and VVS without PE (VVS-PN). P&S monitoring (ANSAR, Inc., Philadelphia, PA) differentiates subtypes in 2727 cardiology patients (50.5% female; average age: 57 years; age range: 12-100 years), serially tested over four years (3.3 tests per patient, average). P&S monitoring noninvasively, independently, and simultaneously measures parasympathetic and sympathetic (P&S) activity, including the normal P-decrease followed by an S-increase with head-up postural change (standing). Syncope, as an S-excess (SE) with stand, is differentiated from orthostatic dysfunction (e.g., POTS) as S-withdrawal with stand. Upon standing, VVS-PE is further differentiated as SE with PE, VVS-HR as SE with abnormal HR, and VVS-PN as SE with normal P- and HR-responses. Improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology by more accurate subtyping leads to more precise therapy and improved outcomes.
Multisite phosphorylation of glycogen synthase from rabbit skeletal muscle (1982)

Glycogen synthase kinase-5 (casein kinase-II) phosphorylates glycogen synthase on a serine termed site 5. This residue is just C-terminal to the 3 serines phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3, which are critical for the hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase in vivo. Although phosphorylation of site 5 does not affect the catalytic activity, it is demonstrated that this modification is a prerequisite for phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3. Since site 5 is almost fully phosphorylated in vivo under all conditions, the role of glycogen synthase kinase-5 would appear to be a novel one in forming the recognition site for another protein kinase.
Placement of conjugated oligomers in an alkanethiol matrix by scanned probe microscope lithography (1999)

We report the in situ replacement of conjugated molecules in an insulating matrix by scanned probe microscope lithography. High yield, programmable patterning of a self-assembled monolayer of dodecanethiol was performed by applying voltage pulses from a scanning tunneling microscope. Conjugated oligomers were observed to be subsequently chemisorbed onto the patterned sites.