gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vehicle collision warning and avoidance system using real-time FFT (2002)

This paper describes a radar system for highway use that is intended to improve both safety and operating efficiency. This system is designed for deployment in both mobile and fixed-location applications, and combines use of advanced millimeter-wave radar technology with low-cost integrated DSP. We employ frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) techniques, with resulting advantages in power efficiency and cost. A key requirement for real-time operation is high-speed computation of the FFT and power spectrum of the homodyned received signal. This is accomplished by using low-cost programmable DSP technology employing parallel hardware units in a pipelined architecture. We describe the DSP system design and processing algorithm performance.
The Wittig Reaction Using Methylsulfinyl Carbanion-Dimethyl Sulfoxide 1 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Wittig Reaction Using Methylsulfinyl Carbanion-Dimethyl Sulfoxide 1Richard Greenwald, Michael Chaykovsky, and E. J. CoreyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1128–1129Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a502https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3849Altmetric-Citations297LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimized Assignment Algorithm to Maximize the Reduction for Backup System with Multiple Deduplication Methods Installed (2015)

SUMMARY Deduplication backup technology removes redundant data segments in a system in order to reduce the capacity usage in the target backup storage. This technique also provides better performance, less resource utilization, less energy consumption, and TCO. This paper describes an optimization method for deduplication backup in an IT system in which multiple deduplication processes are simultaneously installed and activated. The method provides an algorithm for assignment of backup target files to installed deduplication processes to maximize the aggregate deduplication ratio while maintaining the predefined system requirements, such as backup‐windows limitation and resource utilization limitation. In a real‐world system, the time used to perform deduplication in each process is not constant, but variable due to operational resources contention, waiting time in queues, and data characteristics. The proposed method points out that these time parameters can be simulated as following a normal distribution, formularizes discrete assignment programming, then defines combinatory approaches of integer linear programming to incorporate the maximum deduplication ratio and the binary adjustment of parameters so as to ensure that the variance is not exceeded. By utilizing this method, the system can achieve the maximal deduplication ratio while respecting time requirements within a predefined tolerance. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through simulations.
Analysis of Magnetization Patterns in Perpendicular Recording Using Absolute Best Basis Wavelet Representation (2006)

An ideal analysis of read-back signal should include a variable time and frequency resolution capability in order to best represent noise behavior near transitions. Therefore, wavelet analysis methods are well suited for the study of media noise characteristics. The presentation will include a detailed ABB wavelet study to determine the impact of write current, recording density, and head-media separation on the media noise characteristics. The time-frequency resolution capability of the wavelet method will also be applied in the cross track direction to understand the variation of the cross-track noise in the transition and saturated regions. The off-track sections of the track also present themselves as interesting regions to understand the effect of the weaker head fields on the noise.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of new 3‐(3‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐5‐(2,6‐difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl‐5‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazole as a paddy field herbicide (2006)

A new compound 3‐(3‐bromothiophen‐2‐yl)‐5‐(2,6‐difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl‐5‐methyl‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazole was synthesized and the herbicidal activity was assessed under glasshouse and flooded paddy field conditions. This compound demonstrated good rice selectivity and potent herbicidal activity against annual weeds at 125 g ai ha −1 under greenhouse conditions. Soil application of this compound showed the complete control of barnyardgrass to the 4th leaf stage at 250 g ai ha −1 . Field trials indicated that this compound, combined with pyrazosulfuron‐ethyl, controlled annual and perennial weeds rapidly with good tolerance by transplanted rice seedlings from postemergence and soil application. This compound showed a low mammalian and environmental toxicity in various toxicological tests.
Revisiting Folded Forms with Digital Fabrication (2019)

This paper discusses the potential of emerging digital fabrication techniques to produce material-efficient thin folded concrete structures. Although in the 50s and 60s folded structures provided a common optimal solution for spanning large distances without additional vertical supports, today, the number of these projects decreased significantly due to their complicated formworks and labour-intensive realization. Digital fabrication methods for concrete hold the promise to efficiently produce intricate folded mass-customized shapes with enhanced load-bearing capacity. This paper focuses on a robotic slip-forming process, Smart Dynamic Casting (SDC), to produce various thin-walled folded concrete elements with the same formwork providing smooth surface finish and gradual variations along the height. An empirical research methodology was applied to evaluate the fabrication feasibility of digitally designed thin folded geometries with one-to-one scale prototypes. Despite the discovered design limitations due to fabrication and material constraints, the exploration led to a new promising research direction, termed `Digital Casting'.
Engagement of ICAM-3 activates polymorphonuclear leukocytes: aggregation without degranulation or beta 2 integrin recruitment. (1998)

ICAM-3 is a preferred counterreceptor for the leukocyte alpha(L)beta2 integrin. It activates T cells through outside-in signaling, but polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are reported to be refractory to ICAM-3 stimulation. We found that engagement of ICAM-3 by a mAb (CAL3.10), which binds in the region where alpha(L)beta2 integrin binds, activates PMN homotypic aggregation and adhesion to surfaces. These functional changes were due to ICAM-3 outside-in signaling because aggregation and adhesion were beta2 integrin-dependent, tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C activities were activated, and there was a reorganization of the cytoskeleton. This reorganization and kinase activity was required for ICAM-3-, but not FMLP-, induced aggregation. This is not an Fc-mediated event as an appropriate anti-ICAM-3 F(ab')2 fragment still induced aggregation. Another anti-ICAM-3 Ab (HP2/19), which activates T cells, did not activate PMN. Strikingly, anti-ICAM-3 did not induce degranulation or cause an increase in surface beta2 integrin expression, so adhesion and aggregation were due solely to the activation of the constitutively expressed beta2 integrins. Aggregation in response to ICAM-3, but not FMLP, was compromised at lower cell densities, showing that beta2 integrin recruitment enhances aggregation under suboptimal conditions. We conclude that engagement of ICAM-3 stimulates PMN as well as T cells, but that the appropriate epitope varies between these two cells. ICAM-3 outside-in signaling reorganizes the cytoskeleton without causing degranulation, induces serine and tyrosine kinase activation, and activates existing surface beta2 integrins to a proadhesive state.
Experimental Demonstration of Carbon-Dioxide Laser-Assisted Poling of Optical Fibers (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. Blazkiewicz, W. Xu, D. Wong, J. Canning, M. Åslund, and G. Town, "Experimental Demonstration of Carbon-Dioxide Laser-Assisted Poling of Optical Fibers," in Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, T. Erdogan, E. Friebele, and R. Kashyap, eds., Vol. 33 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper DB6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A multifunctional micro-fluidic system for dielectrophoretic concentration coupled with immuno-capture of low numbers of Listeria monocytogenes (2006)

In this study, we demonstrated a micro-fluidic system with multiple functions, including concentration of bacteria using dielectrophoresis (DEP) and selective capture using antibody recognition, resulting in a high capture efficiency of bacterial cells. The device consisted of an array of oxide covered interdigitated electrodes on a flat silicon substrate and a approximately 16 microm high and approximately 260 microm wide micro-channel within a PDMS cover. For selective capture of Listeria monocytogenes from the samples, the channel surface was functionalized with a biotinylated BSA-streptavidin-biotinylated monoclonal antibody sandwich structure. Positive DEP (at 20 V(pp) and 1 MHz) was used to concentrate bacterial cells from the fluid flow. DEP could collect approximately 90% of the cells in a continuous flow at a flow rate of 0.2 microl min(-1) into the micro-channel with concentration factors between 10(2)-10(3), in sample volumes of 5-20 microl. A high flow rate of 0.6 microl min(-1) reduced the DEP capture efficiency to approximately 65%. Positive DEP attracts cells to the edges of the electrodes where the field gradient is the highest. Cells concentrated by DEP were captured by the antibodies immobilized on the channel surface with efficiencies of 18 to 27% with bacterial cell numbers ranging from 10(1) to 10(3) cells. It was found that DEP operation in our experiments did not cause any irreversible damage to bacterial cells in terms of cell viability. In addition, increased antigen expression (antigens to C11E9 monoclonal antibody) on cell membranes was observed following the exposure to DEP.
Object management strategy for an unified high level automotive sensor fusion framework (2016)

An important requirement in autonomous driving for many complex scenarios is to correctly detect static and dynamic targets under various states of motion. The possibility of fulfilling this requirement depends upon the availability of different sensor data to the sensor fusion module. This paper uses data from sensors with built-in tracking modules and our objective is to make the resultant of two different sensor fusion modules that use the same sensor tracked data, to be statistically relevant based on the respective operational requirements despite this commmon prior set-up. In our case, we have two sensor fusion modules. One sensor fusion module deals with dynamic targets with well-defined object representation and other module deals only with static targets of undefined shapes. The authors have developed different concepts to manage the relevancy of the deliverables of the two modules. A novel approach based on multi-hypothesis tracking is presented. The results are evaluated using simulation and as well as with real world sensor data with reference ground truth target data.
CCDC 921149: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2013)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Subtypes of Human ABO Blood Groups and Subtype-Specific Antibodies (1969)

Summary We advance an hypothesis which explains the presence of anti-A1 in group A2 individuals and of anti-B1 in group Bv individuals without assuming that A1 and A2 receptors are different or that B1 and Bv receptors are different. Taking into account the known fact that the receptor-density is higher in A1 and A2 erythrocytes, the hypothesis states that anti-A1 antibodies have a low affinity for A receptors and cannot form firm bridges between red cells when they use only one valency per cell. Consequently they do not agglutinate A2 cells, on which the density of receptors is too low. They do agglutinate A1 cells, on which the receptors are closer together. Thus subtype-specific antibodies must be multivalent, and bivalent antibodies such as IgG cannot distinguish between high- and low-receptor-density cells. A corresponding explanation may be valid for subtypes of B and anti-B1. Our results, as far as they go, support this hypothesis. Although normal anti-A and anti-B isoagglutinins contain a small proportion of IgG molecules, we could not demonstrate any IgG in isoagglutinins specific for subtypes A1 and B1. Anti-A1 reagents could be prepared from the purified IgM fraction of anti-A sera but not from the IgG fractions of the same sera. Oligosaccharides with blood group A or B specificity strongly inhibited agglutination when the test cells had a low density of receptors (A2B or Bv). They were much poorer inhibitors of agglutination when the test cells had a high density of receptors (A1 or normal B). Macromolecular salivary blood group substances were used as inhibitors in parallel tests. They inhibited strongly regardless of the receptor density on the erythrocytes. The use of A2B rather than A1, and Bv rather than B1, erythrocytes in agglutination-inhibition tests for blood group specific oligosaccharides improved the method by making it more sensitive. According to the above concept, anti-A1 or A2 individuals may possess an autoantibody directed against their own A receptors. The problems arising from this situation are discussed.
Morphological segmentation and fractal analysis for the classification of colon polyps from en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images (2023)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top causes of malignancy in both men and women. Although screening has significantly reduced CRC mortality, colonoscopy suffers from inadequate inspection and sampling of the tissue, a limitation that can be addressed by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The use of fractal analysis, which has been shown to estimate the scatterer size from OCT data, could help improve the classification of colon polyps as compared to using morphological information alone. For this study, thirty polyps were imaged immediately post excision, histologically processed, and both the OCT and H&E images annotated by an expert. Multi-step segmentation was used to segment the crypt regions. Fractal analysis of those areas was employed to estimate the nuclear size and classify the polyps as normal or tubular adenoma. This process resulted in an accuracy of 81% (92% sensitivity, 40% specificity) as confirmed by histology. The poor specificity can be partially attributed to the small number (only 5) of normal polyps and, more importantly, to the confirmed presence of other histological features which might influence the fractal analysis. The proposed approach must be expanded to include more polyps and further enhanced to improve its specificity. However, these preliminary results provide evidence that this method has the potential to perform scatterer size estimation and tissue classification from en face images, thus, providing a robust approach for the improvement of the accuracy of endoscopic OCT and, in the future, the effectiveness of colonoscopy.
Concordance and Discordance in Tumor Genomic Profiling (2012)

Each year, ASCO organizes a wide array of high-quality meetings that provide educational and scientific programs to advance our understanding of cancer. At each of ASCO's meetings, you can expect an engaging and interactive agenda featuring high-level scientific or clinical abstracts and educational sessions led by world-class faculty. Join us to earn CME credit, network with colleagues, and interact with cancer experts.
An Interior-Ridge Silicon Microring Switch with Integrated Thermal Tuner (2015)

A 1-by-2 compact injection-based switch is reported utilizing interior-ridge ring resonators, demonstrating nanosecond-scale switching speed, single-mode, low-loss (0/1.3dB for thru/drop port) with efficient integrated thermal tuner (7.25µW/GHz).
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy—XRD (2020)

Abstract X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis identifies the long‐range order (ie, the structure) of crystalline materials and the short‐range order of non‐crystalline materials. From this information we deduce lattice constants and phases, average grain size, degree of crystallinity, and crystal defects. Advanced XRD provides information about strain, texture, crystalline symmetry, and electron density. When radiation impinges upon a solid, coherent scattering of the radiation by periodically spaced atoms results in scattered beams that produce spot patterns from single crystalline samples and ring patterns from polycrystalline samples. The pattern, intensities of the diffraction maxima (peaks or lines), and their position (Bragg angle θ or interplanar spacing d hkl ), correlate to a specific crystal structure. In 2016 and 2017 close to 100 000 articles mention XRD—more than any other analytical technique, and it was the top analytical technique of researchers that published in Can. J. Chem. Eng. A bibliographic analysis based on the Web of Science groups articles referring to XRD into five clusters: the largest cluster includes research on nanoparticles, thin films, and optical properties; composites, electro‐chemistry, and synthesis are topics of the second largest cluster; crystal morphology and catalysis are next; photocatalysis and solar cells comprise the fourth largest cluster; and, waste water is among the topics of the cluster with the least number of occurrences. Researchers publishing in Can. J. Chem. Eng. focus most of the XRD analyses to characterize polymers, nanocomposite materials, and catalysts.
Stereospecific Cyclopolymerization with Group 4 Metallocenes (1991)

Abstract Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts are stereoselective cyclopolymerization catalysts for non-conjugated dienes. Cyclopolymerization of 1,5-hexadiene affords poly(methylene-l,3-cyclopentane) (PMCP), a polymer for which four structures of maximum order are possible. A variety of metallocene catalyst precursors have been investigated; the molecular weight and microstructure of the polymers are sensitive to the structure of the catalyst precursor as well as the reaction conditions. The selectivity for cyclization depends on reaction conditions; decreasing the olefin concentration and increasing the temperature of the reaction favor cyclization. The stereochemistry of cyclopolymers can also be controlled with appropriate choice of catalyst precursor. Diastereoselective cyclopolymerization of 1,5-hexadiene with achiral catalysts yields atactic trans-PMCP and cis-PMCP, depending on the catalyst precursor. Enantioselective cyclopolymerization with optically active catalysts yields optically active poly(methylenecyclopentane), a novel example of a polymer which is chiral by virtue of its main-chain stereochemistry.
Modulation of Quinolinic and Kynurenic Acid Content in the Rat Brain: Effects of Endotoxins and Nicotinylalanine (1991)

Quinolinic acid, an endogenous excitotoxin, and kynurenic acid, an antagonist of excitatory amino acid receptors, are believed to be synthesized from tryptophan after the opening of the indole ring. They were measured in the rat brain and other organs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or HPLC. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, capable of cleaving the indole ring of tryptophan, was induced by administering bacterial endotoxins to rats, which significantly increased the brain content of both quinolinic and kynurenic acids. Nicotinylalanine, an analogue of kynurenine, inhibited this endotoxin-induced accumulation of quinolinic acid while potentiating the accumulation of kynurenic acid. The possibility of significantly increasing brain concentrations of kynurenic acid without a concomitant increase in quinolinic acid may provide a useful approach for studying the role of these electrophysiologically active tryptophan metabolites in brain function and preventing the possible toxic actions of abnormal synthesis of quinolinic acid.
Classification des alternateurs débitant sur un pont à diodes connecté à un bus continu. Caractéristique du débit maximal (2010)

This paper proposes a classification of three-phase synchronous alternators associated with a diode rectifier and a constant-voltage load. This system is, for example, used in vehicle electric power generation, or in aerogeneration systems. An equivalent circuit model that neglects the different losses and the magnetic saturation is used. The classification is based on the effect of d q inductances, the maximum excitation flux, and the rated current level, on the maximum power limits. A specific normalisation system is used to reduce the number of influent parameters. The classification is done using steady-state equations and confirmed by dynamic simulations and experimental results.
Cathodoluminescence and TEM characterization of defects in III-V materials grown on Ge-terminated Si substrates (1992)

The growth of III-V materials on Si has been a major focus in electronic materials research for nearly a decade. The highly complementary properties of this heteroepitaxial system include high mobility and direct band gap in III-V materials and high crystalline quality, low cost and well-established technology of Si. However, the attainment of high crystalline quality III-V materials on Si suitable for minority carrier devices has been inhibited primarily due to the large lattice mismatch (˜4%) and thermal expansion mismatch (factor of ˜3) as well as the problematic nucleation of an ordered semiconductor on an elemental semiconductor. The epitaxial layer can contain threading dislocations, microtwins, stacking faults, antiphase domain boundaries (APBs) and/or have a poor surface morphology. A buffer layer can be added to improve the III-V material quality by accommodating the lattice mismatch at one or more interfaces and/or to provide a more suitable surface for nucleation. We have used TEM in conjunction with scanning cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity mapping for complete and accurate assessment of crystalline quality and defect densities within a range of ˜ 5×10 2 cm -2 to &gt; 10 8 cm -2 .