gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic Stiffness Quantified with MR Elastography: Relationship to Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreaticoenteric Anastomosis (2018)

Purpose To describe the relationship between conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters and MR elastography of the pancreas in association with pancreatic histologic features and occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). Materials and Methods Patients who underwent preoperative MR imaging (MR elastography and diffusion-, T1-, and T2-weighted imaging) followed by pancreatectomy with pancreaticoenteric anastomosis were included. The relationships between preoperative MR imaging parameters, demographic data, and intraoperative factors with POPF risk were analyzed with logistic regression analyses. The correlation of MR imaging parameters with histologic characteristics was evaluated with multivariate regression analysis. Results A total of 112 patients (64 men, 48 women; median age, 58 years) were evaluated. Forty-two patients (37.5%) developed POPF and 20 (17.9%) developed high-grade POPF (grades B and C). Lower pancreatic stiffness (≤1.43 kPa; odds ratio [OR], 9.196; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92, 43.98), nondilated main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter (<3 mm; OR, 7.298; 95% CI: 1.51, 35.34), and larger stump area (≥211 mm<sup>2</sup>; OR, 9.210; 95% CI: 1.53, 55.26) were risk factors for POPF. Lower pancreatic stiffness (≤1.27 kPa; OR, 8.389; 95% CI: 1.88, 37.41) was the only independent predictor of high-grade POPF. Log-transformed pancreatic stiffness was independently associated with fibrosis (β = 0.060; 95% CI: 0.052, 0.068), acinar atrophy (β = 0.015; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.028), and lipomatosis (β = -0.016; 95% CI: -0.026, -0.006). Conclusion Preoperative MR assessment of pancreatic stiffness, MPD diameter, and stump area are important predictors of POPF.
In Vitro Growth of Murine T Cells (1978)

Abstract Supernatants of murine lymphoid cultures stimulated with Concanavalin A contain factor(s) capable of sustaining continuous growth of murine lymphoid cells in vitro. Methods for the optimal generation of these growth factors (GM) have been defined, including number of cells required, optimal concentration of Concanavalin A, incubation time, and strain differences in GM production. With GM, cells have been grown for over 15 10-fold generations over a 2-month period. The growing cells express the θ surface marker and do not express surface Ia antigens.
Concept-based approach toword-sense disambiguation (2012)

The task of automatically determining the correct sense of a polysemous word has remained a challenge to this day. In our research, we introduce Concept-Based Disambiguation (CBD), a novel framework that utilizes recent semantic analysis techniques to represent both the context of the word and its senses in a high-dimensional space of natural concepts. The concepts are retrieved from a vast encyclopedic resource, thus enriching the disambiguation process with large amounts of domain-specific knowledge. In such concept-based spaces, more comprehensive measures can be applied in order to pick the right sense. Additionally, we introduce a novel representation scheme, denoted anchored representation, that builds a more specific text representation associated with an anchoring word. We evaluate our framework and show that the anchored representation is more suitable to the task of wordsense disambiguation (WSD). Additionally, we show that our system is superior to state-of-the-art methods when evaluated on domain-specific corpora, and competitive with recent methods when evaluated on a general corpus.
LNS-Madam: Low-Precision Training in Logarithmic Number System Using Multiplicative Weight Update (2022)

Representing deep neural networks (DNNs) in low-precision is a promising approach to enable efficient acceleration and memory reduction. Previous methods that train DNNs in low-precision typically keep a copy of weights in high-precision during the weight updates. Directly training with low-precision weights leads to accuracy degradation due to complex interactions between the low-precision number systems and the learning algorithms. To address this issue, we develop a co-designed low-precision training framework, termed LNS-Madam, in which we jointly design a logarithmic number system (LNS) and a multiplicative weight update algorithm (Madam). We prove that LNS-Madam results in low quantization error during weight updates, leading to stable performance even if the precision is limited. We further propose a hardware design of LNS-Madam that resolves practical challenges in implementing an efficient datapath for LNS computations. Our implementation effectively reduces energy overhead incurred by LNS-to-integer conversion and partial sum accumulation. Experimental results show that LNS-Madam achieves comparable accuracy to full-precision counterparts with only 8 bits on popular computer vision and natural language tasks. Compared to FP32 and FP8, LNS-Madam reduces the energy consumption by over 90% and 55%, respectively.
Quantum Hall effect in a bulk antiferromagnet EuMnBi 2 with magnetically confined two-dimensional Dirac fermions (2016)

For the innovation of spintronic technologies, Dirac materials, in which low-energy excitation is described as relativistic Dirac fermions, are one of the most promising systems because of the fascinating magnetotransport associated with extremely high mobility. To incorporate Dirac fermions into spintronic applications, their quantum transport phenomena are desired to be manipulated to a large extent by magnetic order in a solid. We report a bulk half-integer quantum Hall effect in a layered antiferromagnet EuMnBi2, in which field-controllable Eu magnetic order significantly suppresses the interlayer coupling between the Bi layers with Dirac fermions. In addition to the high mobility of more than 10,000 cm(2)/V s, Landau level splittings presumably due to the lifting of spin and valley degeneracy are noticeable even in a bulk magnet. These results will pave a route to the engineering of magnetically functionalized Dirac materials.
<title>Applications of shape-memory alloys in MOEMS and in optics</title> (1998)

The application of shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films in optical devices is introduced and explored for the first time. Physical and optical properties of Titanium-Nickel (TiNi) SMA thin films change as these films undergo phase transformation upon heating. An optical beam can be modulated either mechanically using a TiNi actuator or by the changes that occur in TiNi's optical properties upon heating and phase transformation. Reflection coefficient of TiNi films were measured in their so called martensitic (at room temperature) and austenitic (elevated temperature) phases. The reflection coefficient of the austenitic phase were higher than those of the martensitic phase by more than 45% in the wavelength range between 550 - 850 nm. Also, a microfabricated TiNi diaphragm with a 0.26 mm diameter hole was used as a prototype light-valve. The intensity of the transmitted light through the hole was reduced by 10 - 17% when the diaphragm was heated. A novel TiNi light-valve fabricated using silicon micromachining techniques is also proposed and discussed. We present both optical data and structural data obtained using transmission electron microscopies.
<title>Demonstration of a folded configuration of a fiber-Sagnac-based sensor array</title> (1999)

The construction and performance of a two-sensor fiber-Sagnac- based sensor array is reported. The array is constructed in a folded configuration which passively desensitizes the delay coil to phase modulations. Experimentally, the delay coil desensitization is measured to agree with predictions. The sensor phase sensitivity is measured to be as low as 3 (mu) rad/(root)Hz and 0.8 (mu) rad/(root)Hz in a single- detection and a balanced-detection configuration, respectively.
A predictive, size-invariant convex shape detector for high-speed and accurate image processing (2015)

In this paper a novel convex shape detector is presented suitable for high-speed image processing, regardless of the object's size. Its primary application is visual servoing in robotics, where an industrial robot is guided using visual information. In addition, it was found that this algorithm is also suitable for high-accurate applications, which was confirmed by experiment and comparison to existing algorithms. The focus of this paper is put on processing the image information rather than preparing the image using a number of morphological operators. The two main objectives are: achieving a high-accurate and high-speed convex shape detector. It is shown that both of these goals were achieved, by position accuracy within 1 pixel and a processing speed as low as 0.1ms.
Robust checksum-based header compression (2000)

Godkänd; 2000; 20080411 (ysko)
Accurate transient simulation algorithm for high-speed interconnections (1994)

In this letter, we present a new accurate transient simulation algorithm for high-speed interconnection structures consisting of general uniform dispersive and lossy multiconductor transmission lines terminated in arbitrary loads. All ports of the interconnection structure are modeled as extended Thevenin models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Superantigen Expression Is Driven by Both Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Long Terminal Repeat-Associated Promoters in Transgenic Mice (2000)

In addition to the usual retroviral promoter, the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat carries a second promoter located in the U3 region. Here we show that both of these promoters are independently able to give rise to superantigen activity in transgenic mice. The ability of multiple MMTV promoters to drive superantigen expression underscores its importance in the virus life cycle.
Single-crystalline Si on insulator in confined structures fabricated by two-step metal-induced crystallization of amorphous Si (2002)

We present a technology and its mechanism to obtain single-crystalline Si pillars on SiO2 using a two-step Ni-induced crystallization process on amorphous Si pillars with confined sizes. The amorphous Si pillars with a Ni cap were first annealed at 400 °C for 15 h so that a single-crystalline NiSi2 template was formed on top of each pillar. In the second step, they were annealed at 550 °C for 2 h, during which single-crystalline Si pillars were formed by NiSi2-mediated solid-phase epitaxy. These single-crystalline Si pillars can be used for advanced vertical metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors and surround-gate structures, especially where low-temperature processing is required.
EUV resist outgassing analysis in Selete (2008)

To keep in pace with the highly accelerated speed of development of EUV resists, the use of the pressure rise method in the screening of EUV resist outgassing was utilized. This method was used for its advantage of in-situ applicability and evaluation speed (short evaluation time). Both “outgassing rate” [molecules/cm2/s] and “outgassing amount” [molecules/cm2] unit conventions have been obtained. In the conference, an overview of the latest EUV resist outgassing analysis results using various EUV resists (i.e. chemical amplified, PHS, acrelate, high Ea, low Ea, negative-tone, molecular, etc.) will be discussed in detail.
Efficient arbitrary volume reslicing for Pre-scan-converted volume in an ultrasound backend (2009)

Arbitrary volume reslicing (AVR) is used to generate 2D planes of any orientation from 3D data. Pre-scan-converted (pre-SC) AVR avoids the 3D scan conversion (SC) step and directly uses a pre-SC volume to generate 2D AVR planes. AVR is typically performed on a PC system external to the ultrasound frontend and backend. In this paper, we present an efficient pre-SC AVR algorithm in an ultrasound backend system. The backend supports AVR natively with other backend functions, so the PC system does not need to compute 2D AVR planes from 3D volumes. We used phantom and in vivo datasets to evaluate the pre-SC and post-SC AVR. The normalized root mean squared difference (NRMSD) was 1.23% for phantom data, and 1.21% for in vivo data. Using one of 8 cores in a multi-core processor, Cell, our algorithm can generate a 1024×768 16-bit AVR image in 30.2 ms from a 512×136×64 16-bit input volume.
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-MEDIATED MODULATION OF ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION BY HUMAN ARTERIAL AND MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS1 (1999)

CMV-induced modulations of adhesion molecule expression, which may affect allograft immunogenicity, seem common to all EC regardless of vascular origin.
Thermoresponsive and Photoluminescent Hybrid Silicon Nanoparticles by Surface‐Initiated Group Transfer Polymerization of Diethyl Vinylphosphonate (2014)

Abstract We present a method to combine the functional features of poly(diethyl vinylphosphonate) (PDEVP) and photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals. The polymer–particle hybrids were synthesized in three steps through surface‐initiated group transfer polymerization using Cp 2 YCH 2 TMS(thf) as a catalyst. This pathway of particle modification renders the nanoparticle surface stable against oxidation. Although SiNC properties are known to be sensitive toward transition metals, the hybrid particles exhibit red photoluminescence in water. The temperature‐dependent coiling of PDEVP results in a change of the hydrodynamic radius of the hybrid particles in water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of controlled catalytic polymerization reactions on a silicon nanocrystal surface.
Accumulation of HLA-DR4 in Colonic Epithelial Cells Causes Severe Colitis in Homozygous HLA-DR4 Transgenic Mice (2017)

The pathogenesis of the colitis observed in the homozygous tgm was likely due to endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in goblet cell damage and compromised mucus production in the colonic epithelial cells in which HLA-DR4/I-E molecules were heavily accumulated. Commensal bacteria seemed to be involved in the accumulation of HLA-DR4/I-E, leading to development of the colitis.
Quantification of Sporozoite Invasion, Migration, and Development by Microscopy and Flow Cytometry (2012)

There is an important role for in vitro assays to better understand the initial steps of malaria infection. In this section, we describe both microscopy-based and flow cytometry-based sporozoite invasion, migration and development assays with the rodent malaria parasites, Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii, and the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.
Quantitative MRI radiomics in the prediction of molecular classifications of breast cancer subtypes in the TCGA/TCIA data set (2016)

Using quantitative radiomics, we demonstrate that computer-extracted magnetic resonance (MR) image-based tumor phenotypes can be predictive of the molecular classification of invasive breast cancers. Radiomics analysis was performed on 91 MRIs of biopsy-proven invasive breast cancers from National Cancer Institute's multi-institutional TCGA/TCIA. Immunohistochemistry molecular classification was performed including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and for 84 cases, the molecular subtype (normal-like, luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like). Computerized quantitative image analysis included: three-dimensional lesion segmentation, phenotype extraction, and leave-one-case-out cross validation involving stepwise feature selection and linear discriminant analysis. The performance of the classifier model for molecular subtyping was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The computer-extracted tumor phenotypes were able to distinguish between molecular prognostic indicators; area under the ROC curve values of 0.89, 0.69, 0.65, and 0.67 in the tasks of distinguishing between ER+ versus ER-, PR+ versus PR-, HER2+ versus HER2-, and triple-negative versus others, respectively. Statistically significant associations between tumor phenotypes and receptor status were observed. More aggressive cancers are likely to be larger in size with more heterogeneity in their contrast enhancement. Even after controlling for tumor size, a statistically significant trend was observed within each size group (<i>P</i> = 0.04 for lesions ≤ 2 cm; <i>P</i> = 0.02 for lesions >2 to ≤5 cm) as with the entire data set (<i>P</i>-value = 0.006) for the relationship between enhancement texture (entropy) and molecular subtypes (normal-like, luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, basal-like). In conclusion, computer-extracted image phenotypes show promise for high-throughput discrimination of breast cancer subtypes and may yield a quantitative predictive signature for advancing precision medicine.
Molecular grading of tumors of the upper urothelial tract using FGFR3 mutation status identifies patients with favorable prognosis (2012)

In this study, we confirm the occurrence of FGFR3 mutations in tumors of the upper urothelial tract and its association with a good prognosis. Both FGFR3 and molecular grading are predictors of overall survival. Molecular grading can help to assess the prognosis of patients with upper urinary tract cancer and may represent a new tool for managing this population of patients.
C3‐Fullero‐tris‐Methanodicarboxylic Acid Protects Cerebellar Granule Cells from Apoptosis (2000)

Buckminsterfullerenols were recently investigated for their protective properties in different models of acute and chronic neurodegeneration. We tested C3-fullero-tris-methanodicarboxylic acid in our in vitro model of apoptotic neuronal death, which consists of shifting the culture K+ concentration from 25 to 5 mM for rat cerebellar granule cells. The impairment of mitochondrial respiratory function as well as chromatin derangement and fragmentation of DNA in apoptotic oligonucleosomes that occur in these conditions were protected by this compound in a concentration-dependent way. To assess whether antioxidant activity could account for the rescue of cerebellar granule cells from apoptosis, we tested the fullerene derivative under FeSO4-induced oxidative stress and found significant protection. Thus, we visualized membrane and cytoplasmic peroxides and reactive oxygen species and found a significant reduction of the species after 24 h in 5 mM K+ with the fullerene derivative. Such evidence suggests that this compound exerts a protective role in cerebellar granule cell apoptosis, likely reducing the oxidative stress.
Amorphous InSb and InAs 0.3 Sb 0.7 for long wavelength infrared detection (2011)

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of amorphous InSb and InAs<sub>0.3</sub>Sb<sub>0.7</sub> films deposited on Corning glass, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> CdZnTe, SiO<sub>2</sub>-Si, and CaF2 substrates by Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering have been studied as they relate to Mid and Long Wavelength Infrared (MWIR and LWIR) detection. Depositions at elevated substrate temperature and pressure of &lt;10mTorr Ar show an emergence of crystalline grains with strong X-ray diffraction peaks at the (111) and (220) orientations. Electronically the amorphous InSb and InAs<sub>0.3</sub>Sb<sub>0.7</sub> films deposited at 300K show hopping conduction with resistance in InSb ranging from 44 to 1.1E8 &Omega;-cm at 300K and 84K respectively. Optical analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show the absorption of these films has an absorption tail, the equation of which differing activation energies in InSb and InAs0.3Sb0.7. Amorphous InSb and InAs<sub>0.3</sub>Sb<sub>0.7</sub> films showed thermal responsivity in excess of 100V/W for 6&mu;m thick films held at 233K. The maxima and minima of the responsivity are shown to correspond to the interference fringes in the film. The response is highly substrate dependent and compares favorably to other thermal detectors.
In-vivo molecular microimaging of pulmonary aspergillosis. (2013)

International audience
Predicting the Dewatering Performance of Belt Filter Presses (1993)

Two sewage sludges were used to compare full-scale belt press performance to two types of laboratory devices to determine if either could be used to predict the performance. The wedge zone simulator (WZS) could accurately predict polymer demand, filtrate quality and cake solids. The shear tester used with a CST device was no better (ban a free drainage test at predicting polymer requirements.
Abnormal Axial Rotations in TKA Contribute to Reduced Weightbearing Flexion (2013)

These findings show reverse axial rotation and a smaller magnitude of normal axial rotation reduce weightbearing knee flexion. This is likely the result of increased posterior movement of the lateral condyle and is an important consideration in future implant designs.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Combination of Two Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Distinct Epitopes Leads to an Enhanced Antitumor Response (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Combination of Two Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Distinct Epitopes Leads to an Enhanced Antitumor Response
Nanoscale Disorder Generates Subdiffusive Heat Transport in Self-Assembled Nanocrystal Films (2021)

Investigating the impact of nanoscale heterogeneity on heat transport requires a spatiotemporal probe of temperature on the length and time scales intrinsic to heat navigating nanoscale defects. Here, we use stroboscopic optical scattering microscopy to visualize nanoscale heat transport in disordered films of gold nanocrystals. We find that heat transport appears subdiffusive at the nanoscale. Finite element simulations show that tortuosity of the heat flow underlies the subdiffusive transport, owing to a distribution of nonconductive voids. Thus, while heat travels diffusively through contiguous regions of the film, the tortuosity causes heat to navigate circuitous pathways that make the observed mean-squared expansion of an initially localized temperature distribution appear subdiffusive on length scales comparable to the voids. Our approach should be broadly applicable to uncover the impact of both designed and unintended heterogeneities in a wide range of materials and devices that can affect more commonly used spatially averaged thermal transport measurements.
Toward Future Scenario Generation: Extracting Event Causality Exploiting Semantic Relation, Context, and Association Features (2014)

We propose a supervised method of extracting event causalities like conduct slash-and-burn agriculture! exacerbate desertification from the web using semantic relation (between nouns), context, and association features. Experiments show that our method outperforms baselines that are based on state-of-the-art methods. We also propose methods of generating future scenarios like conduct slash-and-burn agriculture! exacerbate desertification! increase Asian dust (from China)! asthma gets worse. Experiments show that we can generate 50,000 scenarios with 68% precision. We also generated a scenario deforestation continues! global warming worsens! sea temperatures rise! vibrio parahaemolyticus fouls (water), which is written in no document in our input web corpus crawled in 2007. But the vibrio risk due to global warming was observed in Baker-Austin et al. (2013). Thus, we “predicted” the future event sequence in a sense.
Regiospecific One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives in the Solid State under Microwave Irradiations. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.