gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Pulse Ultrasonic Doppler Method for Flow Rate Measurements of Power Plant: Characteristics of Sound Pressure Distributions and Evaluation of the Hybrid Ultrasonic Flowmetering System Using TOF and UDM (2006)

A multi-beam pulse ultrasonic Doppler method has been developed for a new type of flow metering system. This new system is a hybrid of the time-of-flight type ultrasonic flowmeter and the ultrasonic velocity profile type flowmeter, having the advantages of these two types. Our final purpose is to apply the hybrid ultrasonic flow metering system to an accurate flow rate measurement of feed- or recirculation- water in nuclear power plants. The pulse ultrasonic Doppler method (UDM) has the capability to obtain instantaneous velocity profiles along an ultrasonic beam. The principle of the UDM flowmeter, which is one of the ultrasonic velocity profile type flowmeters, is based on the integration of an instantaneous velocity profile over a pipe diameter. The multi-beam system is expected to eliminate installation problems such as those of entry length, and also to follow transient flow rate more precisely by increasing the number of ultrasonic transducers. However, it needs reflectors for receiving ultrasonic Doppler signals. On the other hand, the time-of-flight (TOF) ultrasonic flow metering system does not need any reflector, but it needs profile factors (PFs) which depend on velocity profiles. PF is one of the important experimental coefficients for the accurate flow rate measurement. Therefore PFs must be corrected according to the changes in flow conditions. In the present study, we investigated to what degree the hybrid ultrasonic flow metering system can adjust the profile factors of the time-of-flight ultrasonic flow meters by using the multi-beam pulse ultrasonic Doppler method in metallic wall piping.
Performance Optimization of a Simplified Passive Design Space in Diversified Climatic Contexts (2020)

Purpose: Building design optimization could be performed in various ways. In most cases, potential design alternatives are evaluated against multi-criteria performance indicators through iterative create-test processes. Especially for the early design stage, optimum passive design of a building tends to be more critical and needs to be investigated rigorously. This study focuses on building passive design optimization in different global regions considering their climatic characteristics. Site location, building orientation, wall construction, and glazing assemblies are considered to be primary passive design variables. Objective functions for optimization include occupancy comfort, capital cost, and life-cycle cost. Method: By utilizing Design Builder’s genetic-algorithm-based optimization tool, a single-room type highly simplified spatial unit virtually being located in 5 different global regions (Jakarta, Cairo, Buenos Aires, Seoul, and Resolute) is evaluated and optimized against two essential design criteria. Result: It is turned out that passive building design in different climatic contexts may lead to a different set of strategies to minimize occupant’s discomfort and life-cycle cost. The research outcome shows that the lowest solar transmission glazing assembly, which is critical for optimum passive design strategy in cooling-dominated regions may not function properly in the locations where tropical hot-humid weather prevail.
von Mises-Fisher Mixture Model-based Deep learning: Application to Face Verification (2017)

A number of pattern recognition tasks, \textit{e.g.}, face verification, can be boiled down to classification or clustering of unit length directional feature vectors whose distance can be simply computed by their angle. In this paper, we propose the von Mises-Fisher (vMF) mixture model as the theoretical foundation for an effective deep-learning of such directional features and derive a novel vMF Mixture Loss and its corresponding vMF deep features. The proposed vMF feature learning achieves the characteristics of discriminative learning, \textit{i.e.}, compacting the instances of the same class while increasing the distance of instances from different classes. Moreover, it subsumes a number of popular loss functions as well as an effective method in deep learning, namely normalization. We conduct extensive experiments on face verification using 4 different challenging face datasets, \textit{i.e.}, LFW, YouTube faces, CACD and IJB-A. Results show the effectiveness and excellent generalization ability of the proposed approach as it achieves state-of-the-art results on the LFW, YouTube faces and CACD datasets and competitive results on the IJB-A dataset.
Impaired Endothelial Function and Microvascular Asymmetrical Dimethylarginine in Angiotensin II–Infused Rats (2010)

Angiotensin (Ang) II causes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with cardiovascular risk. We investigated the hypothesis that Ang II increases microvascular reactive oxygen species and asymmetrical dimethylarginine and switches endothelial function from vasodilator to vasoconstrictor pathways. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent responses of mesenteric resistance arterioles were assessed in a myograph and vascular NO and reactive oxygen species by fluorescent probes in groups (n=6) of male rats infused for 14 days with Ang II (200 ng/kg per minute) or given a sham infusion. Additional groups of Ang or sham-infused rats were given oral Tempol (2 mmol · L(-1)). Ang II infusion increased mean blood pressure (119±5 versus 89±7 mm Hg; P<0.005) and plasma malondialdehyde (0.57±0.02 versus 0.37±0.05 μmol · L(-1); P<0.035) and decreased maximal endothelium-dependent relaxation (18±5% versus 54±6%; P<0.005) and hyperpolarizing (19±3% versus 29±3%; P<0.05) responses and NO activity (0.9±0.1 versus 1.6±0.2 U; P<0.01) yet enhanced endothelium-dependent contraction responses (23±5% versus 5±5%; P<0.05) and reactive oxygen species production (0.82±0.05 versus 0.15±0.03 U; P<0.01). Ang II decreased the expression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 and increased asymmetrical dimethylarginine in vessels (450±50 versus 260±35 pmol/mg of protein; P<0.01) but not plasma. Tempol prevented any significant changes with Ang II. In conclusion, Ang redirected endothelial responses from relaxation to contraction, reduced vascular NO, and increased asymmetrical dimethylarginine. These effects were dependent on reactive oxygen species and could, therefore, be targeted with effective antioxidant therapy.
Miniature pulsed Ti:sapphire laser system (2003)

Summary form only given. A miniature Ti:sapphire laser system, producing 14-mJ, 780-nm pulses of 1 ns duration at 10-kHz repetition rate, was constructed and characterized. The system comprises a passively Q-switched microchip laser, an optical amplifier, a frequency-doubling crystal, and a miniature, gain-switched Ti:sapphire laser.
Chitosan-based hydrogels for developing a small-diameter vascular graft: in vitro and in vivo evaluation (2017)

Chitosan-based hydrogels displayed promising in vitro biocompatibility and hemocompatibility properties as well as in vivo short-term performance.
Inkjet Printability and Functional Properties of Synthetic Silicate-Filled Hydroxypropylated Starch-based Dispersion Coatings (2017)

Three-ply paperboard was coated using hydroxypropylated starch (HPS) and styrene&#x2010;butadiene latex as polymeric components and kaolin or synthetic layered silicate as the functional pigment. The coatings were designed to modify the surface characteristics of the substrate to enhance the printability and barrier properties and prevent the migration of mineral oil. The substrates were printed with aqueous dye-based inkjet inks and the ink&#x2010;substrate interaction and print quality characteristics such as print density, mottling, bleeding, and wet and dry ink rub resistance were determined. The coated substrates showed extraordinarily high print density values and reasonable good dry rub resistance, but low wet ink adhesion, which was ascribed to dissolution of the coating&#x2010;ink interface. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) determinations confirmed that the coatings were sensitive to moisture, since the WVTR values more than doubled when the relative humidity was increased from 50% to 75%. The highest print density (2.66 in the 100% black area) was achieved on silicate-filled coatings, which was 97% higher than that of the uncoated reference. On kaolin-containing coatings, the print density was 60% higher than that of the uncoated reference. The AFM images revealed not only that the starch&#x2010;silicate coatings were remarkably smooth, but also that they were more homogeneous than the pure starch coating. Although the resistance of the studied coatings to liquid oils was in most cases only moderate, the migration of a gaseous mineral oil simulant through the coated sample was low. A small addition of synthetic silicate effectively prevented the migration of mineral oil in the liquid phase through coatings with a solely starch binder. This work demonstrates that starch-based coatings can be designed for high-quality inkjet printing with dye-based inks and that such coatings can simultaneously inhibit the migration of mineral oil in packaging applications, suitable for e.g., hybrid printing applications.
Long-lived waveguides and sound-wave generation by laser filamentation (2014)

We discover long-lived (microsecond-scale) optical waveguiding in the wake of atmospheric laser filaments. We also observe the formation and then outward propagation of the consequent sound wave. These effects may be used for remote induction of atmospheric long-lived optical structures from afar which could serve for a variety of applications.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a novel WRu2 cluster compound possessing a terminal phenylimido ligand (1992)

Cluster complex [WRu2(C5Me5)(CO)6(NPh){C(Et)C(Et)C(CF3)CH(CF3)}]2, which possesses a novel terminal phenylimido ligand, has been prepared by treatment of phenylimido cluster [WRu2(C5Me5)(CO)7(µ3-NPh)(CF3CCHCF3)]1 with hex-3-yne, whereas the respective reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate afforded [WRu2(C5Me5)(CO)6(µ3-NPh){C(CO2Me)C(CO2Me)C(CF3)CH(CF3)}]3 containing a regular face-bridging imido ligand; complexes 2 and 3 have been examined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Data for spatial analysis of growth anomaly lesions on Montipora capitata coral colonies using 3D reconstruction techniques (2016)

Ten annotated 3D reconstructions of <i>Montipora capitata</i> coral colonies contain x,y,z coordinates for all growth anomaly (GA) lesions affecting these corals. The 3D reconstructions are available as Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) files, and the GA lesions coordinates are in accompanying text files. The VRML models and GA lesion coordinates can be spatially analyzed using Matlab. Matlab scripts are provided for three spatial statistical procedures in order to assess clustering of the GA lesions across the coral colony surfaces in a 3D framework: Ripley׳s K, Moran׳s I, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Please see the research article, "Investigating the spatial distribution of Growth Anomalies affecting <i>Montipora capitata</i> corals in a 3-dimensional framework" (J.H.R. Burns, T. Alexandrov, E. Ovchinnikova, R.D. Gates, M. Takabayashi, 2016) [1], for further interpretation and discussion of the data.
Placental Protein 13 (PP13) â€“ A Placental Immunoregulatory Galectin Protecting Pregnancy (2014)

Galectins are glycan-binding proteins that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses, and some confer maternal-fetal immune tolerance in eutherian mammals. A chromosome 19 cluster of galectins has emerged in anthropoid primates, species with deep placentation and long gestation. Three of the five human cluster galectins are solely expressed in the placenta, where they may confer additional immunoregulatory functions to enable deep placentation. One of these is galectin-13, also known as Placental Protein 13 (PP13). It has a "jelly-roll" fold, carbohydrate-recognition domain and sugar-binding preference resembling other mammalian galectins. PP13 is predominantly expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast and released from the placenta into the maternal circulation. Its ability to induce apoptosis of activated T cells in vitro, and to divert and kill T cells as well as macrophages in the maternal decidua in situ, suggests important immune functions. Indeed, mutations in the promoter and an exon of LGALS13 presumably leading to altered or non-functional protein expression are associated with a higher frequency of preeclampsia and other obstetrical syndromes, which involve immune dysregulation. Moreover, decreased placental expression of PP13 and its low concentrations in first trimester maternal sera are associated with elevated risk of preeclampsia. Indeed, PP13 turned to be a good early biomarker to assess maternal risk for the subsequent development of pregnancy complications caused by impaired placentation. Due to the ischemic placental stress in preterm preeclampsia, there is increased trophoblastic shedding of PP13 immunopositive microvesicles starting in the second trimester, which leads to high maternal blood PP13 concentrations. Our meta-analysis suggests that this phenomenon may enable the potential use of PP13 in directing patient management near to or at the time of delivery. Recent findings on the beneficial effects of PP13 on decreasing blood pressure due to vasodilatation in pregnant animals suggest its therapeutic potential in preeclampsia.
Engineering a biospecific communication pathway between cells and electrodes (2006)

Methods for transducing the cellular activities of mammalian cells into measurable electronic signals are important in many biotechnical applications, including biosensors, cell arrays, and other cell-based devices. This manuscript describes an approach for functionally integrating cellular activities and electrical processes in an underlying substrate. The cells are engineered with a cell-surface chimeric receptor that presents the nonmammalian enzyme cutinase. Action of this cell-surface cutinase on enzyme substrate self-assembled monolayers switches a nonelectroactive hydroxyphenyl ester to an electroactive hydroquinone, providing an electrical activity that can be identified with cyclic voltammetry. In this way, cell-surface enzymatic activity is transduced into electronic signals. The development of strategies to directly interface the activities of cells with materials will be important to enabling a broad class of hybrid microsystems that combine living and nonliving components.
Use of intra‐aortic counterpulsation in cardiogenic shock post‐liver transplantation (2017)

Left ventricular dysfunction resulting in cardiogenic shock occurs infrequently following organ reperfusion in liver transplantation. The etiology of the cardiogenic shock is often multifactorial and difficult to manage due to the complex nature of the procedure and the patient's baseline physiology. Traditionally, this hemodynamic instability is managed medically using inotropic agents and vasopressor support. If medical treatment is insufficient, the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump for counterpulsation may be employed to improve the hemodynamics and stabilize the patient. Here, we analyze three cases and review the literature.
Coupled gas and ion transport in quadrupole interfaces (2008)

The transport of free ions through highly under-expanded jet flows of neutral gases and in the presence of applied electric fields is investigated by continuum-based (fluid) numerical simulations. In particular, numerical results are described which are relevant to ion flows occurring in quadrupole interfaces of mass spectrometer systems. A five-moment mathematical model and parallel multi-block numerical solution procedure are developed for predicting the ion transport. The model incorporates the effects of ion–neutral collision processes and is used in conjunction with a Navier–Stokes model and flow solver for the neutral gas to examine the key influences controlling the ion motion. The effects of the neutral gas flow, electric fields (both dc and rf) and flow field geometry on ion mobility are carefully assessed. The capability of controlling the charged particle motions through a combination of directed neutral flow and applied electric field is demonstrated for these high-speed, hypersonic, jet flows. The neutral dynamics is shown to have a strong influence on the ion transport whereas the electric field imparts a more gradual effect. The combined effect of the applied (dc and rf) electric field and neutral collision processes with the dilute neutral gas results in a strong tendency for ion focusing towards the axis of symmetry, with the overall efficiency governed by the mass-to-charge ratio.
Tom-vs-Pete Classifiers and Identity-Preserving Alignment for Face Verification (2012)

We propose a method of face verification that takes advantage of a reference set of faces, disjoint by identity from the test faces, labeled with identity and face part locations. The reference set is used in two ways. First, we use it to perform an “identity-preserving” alignment, warping the faces in a way that reduces differences due to pose and expression but preserves differences that indicate identity. Second, using the aligned faces, we learn a large set of identity classifiers, each trained on images of just two people. We call these “Tom-vs-Pete” classifiers to stress their binary nature. We assemble a collection of these classifiers able to discriminate among a wide variety of subjects and use their outputs as features in a same-or-different classifier on face pairs. We evaluate our method on the Labeled Faces in the Wild benchmark, achieving an accuracy of 93.10%, significantly improving on the published state of the art.
IL-1 family cytokines as drivers and inhibitors of trained immunity (2021)

Trained immunity is the long-term memory of innate immune cells, characterised by increased pro-inflammatory responses towards homo- and heterologous secondary stimuli. Interleukin (IL)-1 signalling plays an essential role in the induction of trained immunity, also called innate immune memory. As such, certain anti-inflammatory members of the IL-1 family of cytokines (IL-1F) which interfere with the inflammatory process have the potential to regulate the induction of a trained phenotype. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the role of IL-1F members in the context of trained immunity, emphasising the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines from the IL-1F to inhibit the induction of trained immunity, and touching upon their potential as therapeutics in IL-1-driven inflammatory disorders.
Collegiate leadership competition: an opportunity for deliberate practice on the road to expertise (2017)

No amount of talking about leadership will help someone get better at the activity of leading others. We agree with this text’s premise of the “lived experience of leadership.” (See Chapter one). Leadership is like debate, football, cooking or any other learned activity. If your goal is to develop the requisite knowledge and skills of leaders, cognitive understanding is only one ingredient for success. In this chapter, we explore a new and innovative approach to developing leadership via the Collegiate Leadership Competition (CLC). The purpose of CLC is to create a dynamic leadership practice field where students (and their coaches) can apply what they are learning in a context that challenges and stretches them to the boundaries of their knowledge, skills, and abilities. This chapter highlights CLC’s approach to developing leadership capacity in students via the tenets of deliberate practice and concludes with key reflections and insights.
0.18 μm SBT-based embedded FeRAM operating at a low voltage of 1.1 V (2004)

We have successfully developed a 0.18 /spl mu/m SBT-based 1 Mbit embedded FeRAM, which operates at a very low voltage of 1.1 V and ensures the data retention time up to 1000 hours at 125/spl deg/C. The low voltage operation and high reliability characteristics of 0.18 /spl mu/m embedded FeRAM are the first demonstration to our knowledge. These excellent characteristics have been attained by newly developed FeRAM completely encapsulated by hydrogen barriers.
Co‐regulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthases and NADPH oxidase by the small GTPase Rac (2008)

Nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthases (NOSs), has multifarious roles in signal transduction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by ubiquitous NADPH oxidases (NOXs), also participate in cellular signaling. However, the coordination of signals conveyed by NO and ROS is poorly understood. We show that the small GTPase Rac, a component of some NOXs, also interacts with and regulates the constitutively-expressed NOSs. Cellular NO and O(2)(-) production increase or decrease together following activation or inhibition of Rac, and Rac inhibition reveals transduction mechanisms that depend upon NO (vasodilation), ROS (actin polymerization) or both (cytoskeletal organization). Thus, signaling by NO and ROS may be coordinated through a common control element.
Human intestinal epithelial cell-derived molecule(s) increase enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli virulence (2012)

To better understand the role of host cell-derived molecules on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection, we studied EHEC virulence gene expression when exposed to cell-free spent (conditioned) medium (CM) from HCT-8 intestinal epithelial cells. Exposure to HCT-8 CM for 1 h and 3 h increased the expression of 32 of 41 EHEC locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) virulence genes compared with fresh medium (FM). Expression of the Shiga toxin 1 (stx1B) gene was up-regulated at 1 h of exposure. Seventeen genes encoded by prophage 933W, including those for Stx2, were also up-regulated at both time-points. The increase in 933W prophage expression was mirrored by a 2.7-fold increase in phage titers. Consistent with the increase in virulence gene expression, we observed a fivefold increase in EHEC attachment to epithelial cells when exposed to CM. The increase in EHEC attachment was abolished when CM was heated to 95 °C or treated with proteinase K to degrade the proteins. The host cell-derived molecule(s) were larger than 3 kDa, which suggests that the molecule(s) that increase EHEC virulence and attachment are protein-based.
Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Eplerenone in Japanese Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (J-EMPHASIS-HF) (2017)

Eplerenone was well-tolerated in Japanese patients with HFrEF and showed results consistent with those reported in the EMPHASIS-HF study.
Experimental confirmation of the Rayleigh-Rice obliquity factor (2010)

In recent years paper have been published on the limitations of the Rayleigh Rice vector perturbation theory relating scattering (given by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function or BRDF) to surface roughness (given by the power spectral density function or PSD). In addition to the restrictions that the surface be optically smooth, clean and front surface reflective, the Rayleigh-Rice relationship has been criticized because calculations of the PSD from the BRDF often produce a high frequency (high scatter angle) peak. Variations in the wavelength and/or incident angle produce variations in the peak, so it is clear that the peak is not truly a part of the surface PSD. Recently a change was suggested to the expression that removes the peak. This paper presents data proving that the original expression is correct and implies that the peak is the result of scatter from non-topographic sources. In other words the surface is not clean, or is not front surface reflective.