gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for improving animal welfare in rodent models of epilepsy and seizures (2015)

Animal models of epilepsy and seizures, mostly involving mice and rats, are used to understand the pathophysiology of the different forms of epilepsy and their comorbidities, to identify biomarkers, and to discover new antiepileptic drugs and treatments for comorbidities. Such models represent an important area for application of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement of animal use). This report provides background information and recommendations aimed at minimising pain, suffering and distress in rodent models of epilepsy and seizures in order to improve animal welfare and optimise the quality of studies in this area. The report includes practical guidance on principles of choosing a model, induction procedures, in vivo recordings, perioperative care, welfare assessment, humane endpoints, social housing, environmental enrichment, reporting of studies and data sharing. In addition, some model-specific welfare considerations are discussed, and data gaps and areas for further research are identified. The guidance is based upon a systematic review of the scientific literature, survey of the international epilepsy research community, consultation with veterinarians and animal care and welfare officers, and the expert opinion and practical experience of the members of a Working Group convened by the United Kingdom's National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs).
Adsorption of Fibrinogen and Fibronectin on Elastomeric Poly(butylene Succinate) Copolyesters (2019)

Proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces facilitate cell-material interactions, including adhesion and migration. Of particular importance are provisional matrix components, fibrinogen (Fg) and fibronectin (Fn), which play an important role in the wound healing process. Here, to assess the potential of a series of elastomeric poly(butylene succinate) copolymers for soft tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, we examined the adsorption of Fg and Fn. We prepared spin-coated thin films of poly(butylene succinate) homopolymer and a series of elastomeric poly(butylene succinate) copolymers with butylene succinate (PBS, hard segment) to succinate-dimer linoleic diol units (DLS, soft segments) weight ratios of 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50. X-ray diffraction was used to assess crystallinity, while the obtained thin films were characterized using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Protein adsorption was assessed using QCM-D, followed by data analysis using viscoelastic modeling. On all three copolymers, we observed robust adsorption of both key provisional matrix proteins. Importantly, for both proteins, viscoelastic modeling determined that the adlayers were 30–40 nm thick and had low shear modulus values (<25 kPa), thus indicating soft orientations (end-on for Fg) or conformations (open for Fn) of the hydrated proteins. Overall, our results are very encouraging, as they predict excellent cell adhesion and migration, key features enabling tissue integration of potential PBS-DLS scaffolds.
Igualdade de gênero (2008)

Apresenta alguns fatos identificados como relevantes para a área, como: a aprovação da Convenção da Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) nº 189, que trata da ampliação e garantia dos direitos das trabalhadoras domésticas, e o lançamento do programa Rede Cegonha, voltado para a promoção da saúde materno-infantil. Em seguida, destaca os principais resultados alcançados ao longo de 2010 pelas ações que, de alguma maneira, impactam – ou poderiam impactar – a autonomia feminina.
<title>Measuring spherical aberration for the dynamic compensation of substrate-thickness errors</title> (2002)

In high-density optical disc systems that use high-NA objective lenses and multi-layered discs, it is important to reduce spherical aberration (SA). With high-NA lenses, SA is induced by errors in substrate thickness. The distance between layers in multi-layered discs also leads to SA. To use a type of phase-shifting device as a dynamic compensator for SA, a method of differential focus-error detection has been proposed for the real-time measurement of SA as a spherical aberration signal (SAS). The derivation of an equivalent substrate-thickness variation from the SAS with an accuracy of up to 0.8 mm is demonstrated in this paper. Using the SAS to drive a liquid-crystal phase-shifter, the fluctuation of the SAS caused by the substrate thickness error has been suppressed successfully during real-time disc rotation.
PC2D: A Circular-Reference Spreadsheet Solar Cell Device Simulator (2011)

This paper introduces PC2D, which is a new silicon solar cell device simulator that models 2-D effects entirely within a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The semiconductor drift-diffusion equations for electrons and holes are implemented using an iterative solution of cell formulas containing circular references. The familiar spreadsheet user interface and open-source access make this 2-D simulator a natural companion to PC1D. The 2-D simulator can run “live,” responding immediately to every change in parameter, or in “drive” mode, using macros to guide the solver through common tasks such as generating a current-voltage or a quantum efficiency curve. Example device simulations are presented for a selective-emitter cell, an emitter wrap-through cell, and an interdigitated back-contact cell.
Locus of solubilization of benzene in surfactant micelles (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLocus of solubilization of benzene in surfactant micellesR. Nagarajan, Mark A. Chaiko, and E. RuckensteinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 13, 2916–2922Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150657a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j150657a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views443Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Clinical Dataset of the CYP-GUIDES Trial (2020)

CYP-GUIDES (Cytochrome Psychotropic Genotyping Under Investigation for Decision Support) is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing 2 outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe depressive disorders treated according to the patient's CYP2D6 genotype and functional status versus standard psychotropic therapy. The primary outcome was hospital Length of Stay (LOS) and the secondary outcome was the Re-Admission Rate (RAR) 30 days after discharge. The trial setting was the Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital. CYP2D6 genotyping was implemented to characterize the functional status of the CYP2D6 enzyme with sub-normal, normal or supra-normal function. The electronic medical record (EMR) was utilized to transmit clinically actionable drug prescribing guidance based on the patient's CYP2D6 function to the physician. The RCT recruited 1500 patients, genotyped CYP2D6 in 1459, and randomized 477 to standard therapy (Group S), for whom treatment-as-usual guidance was delivered without consideration of patient CYP2D6 genotype, and 982 to genetically-guided therapy (Group G) where CYP2D6-based treatment recommendations were provided via EMR to physicians. For inpatients in Group G whose CYP2D6 function was sub- or supra-normal, medications primarily metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme were proscribed. The RCT developed a database of potential benefit to the field. The pharmacologic, clinical course and pharmacogenetic therapeutic guidance is being published in a related article. These data should enable various investigators to assess effects of clinical decision support on resource utilization and psychotropic therapy during psychiatric hospitalizations.
Speeding up the Detection of Scale-Space Extrema in SIFT Based on the Complex First Order System (2008)

For object recognition based on nearest neighbor search of local descriptors such as SIFT, it is impor- tant to minimize the cost of extracting image features. The processes of extracting image features are composed of scale-space extrema detection, keypoint localization, orientation assignment and keypoint descriptor.In this paper, we propose a new method of efficient scale-space extrema detection. The scale space of an image is defined as a function, that is produced from the convolution of a variable-scale Gaussian with an input image. Number in which multiplication is executed is reduced by complex first order system proposed by Aoshima. From experimental results with computation time and recognition of image with ANN, we have confirmed that the proposed method is capable of achieving a recognition rate as same as the original method, and 1/3 of the computation time with the original method.
Probability of malignancy based on automatic segmentation and software measurements of nodules in the Danish lung cancer screening trial (DLCST) (2012)

Introduction and aim With the widespread use of chest CT in clinical and screening settings pulmonary nodules are detected more frequently than ever, and the risk of malignancy needs to be determined. Materials and methods In DLCST, 4,104 current and former smokers, with a history of at least 20 pack years and age between 50-70 years, were randomized to either five annual multi-slice low-dose CT screenings or no screening. All participants had an annual visit to the screening clinic where lung function tests and questionnaires concerning health, lifestyle, smoking habits and psychosocial consequences of screening were performed. All scans were double-read by two experienced chest radiologists and the location and size were registered. Nodules between diameters of 5-15 mm were considered indeterminate, and rescanned after three months. Participants with nodules larger than 15 mm were referred to diagnostic workup, as were those with growing nodules. Lung cancer was diagnosed by pathological evaluation. Using volumetric software nodules were segmented automatically and for the solid and sub-solid components mass and volume were calculated as well as the largest axial diameter. All automated nodule-segmentations were visually reviewed for correctness and adjusted if needed. Results and conclusion We are currently analyzing the data by logistic regression with malignancy as outcome and nodule measurements and risk factors such as age, sex, smoking status and history and COPD-status as explanatory variables. The results will be presented at the ERS 2012 in Vienna.
Mannans and Xylans as Stabilisers of a Model Oil-In-Water Beverage System (2008)

Dilute oil-in-water food emulsions, such as those in beverages, are thermodynamically unstable systems that tend to break down during storage. The long-term stability of beverage emulsions is therefore normally extended by adding a variety of stabilizers. Plant gums, e.g. gum arabic (arabinogalactafl, GA), and guar gum (GG) and locust bean gum (LBG) galactomannanS are widely used as stabilizers in soft drinks. The above-mentioned polysaccharides occur as exudates of acacia trees (GA) or as energy reserves in the endosperms of certain leguminous seeds (0G. LBG). Mannans chemically similar to GO and LBG, together with xylans, are also found as structural components in the cell walls of most plants; in that context they are classified as hemicelluloseS rather than plant gums. Hemicelluloses are the most abundant plant polysaccharides other than cellulose. Their recovery, e.g. from by-products of bioethanol plants' and pulp and paper mills 2 , has recently been developed, but there are currently no industrial processes utilizing purified
Porous supramolecular materials: the importance of emptiness (2018)

When designing a functional system, supramolecular chemists tend to only focus ‘what should be there’, i.e., the molecules and their spatial orientation towards each other, but more rarely is the m...
Construction of high resolution genetic linkage maps to improve the soybean genome sequence assembly Glyma1.01 (2016)

The information will facilitate the study of recombination hot spots in the soybean genome, identification of genes or quantitative trait loci controlling yield, seed quality and resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses as well as other genetic or genomic research.
Reliability Allocation for KTX Door System (2014)

일반적으로 신뢰도 배분은 시스템 개발 초기단계에 시스템의 신뢰도 목표 값을 하위 모듈에 배분하기 위해 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 KTX 승강문 시스템의 목표 신뢰도를 하위 모듈에 배분하기 위해 Comprehensive 배분방법을 제시한다. Comprehensive 배분방법은 시스템의 신뢰도를 배분하기 위해 각 모듈에 대한 고장의 중요도, 작동시간 비율, 위험도, 복잡도, 고장률, 수리/정비성, 개발완성도, 사용환경 가혹도, 신뢰도 달성비용의 평가항목을 고려한다. 승강문 시스템의 목표 신뢰도를 만족하기 위해서 시스템을 구성하는 4 가지 모듈의 B10 수명을 제시한다.
Density of states simulations of proteins (2003)

A modified version of a recently introduced algorithm that calculates density of states by performing a random walk in energy space has been proposed and implemented to study protein folding in a continuum. A united atom representation and the CHARMM19 [B. R. Brooks, R. E. Bruccoleri, B. D. Olafson, D. J. States, S. Swaminathan, and M. Karplus, J. Comput. Chem. 4, 187 (1983)] force field are employed for these simulations. This method permits estimation of the density of states of a protein via a random walk in the energy space, thereby allowing the system to escape from local free-energy minima with relative ease. Unlike the earlier formulation that showed slow convergence for continuum simulations, this methodology is designed to achieve better sampling and faster convergence. The modified method is used to examine folding transitions of two peptides: deca-alanine and Met-enkephalin. Protein folding both with and without an implicit solvent (solvent accessible surface area model) has been studied to validate the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.
1SE0920 Molecular Mechanism of Water Expelling System in the Initial Step of Cytochrome P450cam Catalytic Cycle(1SE Recent Advances in Structural Analyses of Funcitonal Mechanisms Based on Dynamics of Biological Reactions,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2010)

An important goal of computational and theoretical biochemistry is hLlpmg eluudate how enzymes aehieve thcir catalytic eMciency
Roles of blood-brain barrier integrins and extracellular matrix in stroke (2018)

Ischemicstroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, but recent advances in treatments [i.e., endovascular thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)] that target the stroke-causing blood clot, while improving overall stroke mortality rates, have had much less of an impact on overall stroke morbidity. This may in part be attributed to the lack of therapeutics targeting reperfusion-induced injury after the blood clot has been removed, which, if left unchecked, can expand injury from its core into the surrounding at risk tissue (penumbra). This occurs in two phases of increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, a physical barrier that under physiologic conditions regulates brain influx and efflux of substances and consists of tight junction forming endothelial cells (and transporter proteins), astrocytes, pericytes, extracellular matrix, and their integrin cellular receptors. During, embryonic development, maturity, and following stroke reperfusion, cerebral vasculature undergoes significant changes including changes in expression of integrins and degradation of surrounding extracellular matrix. Integrins, heterodimers with α and β subunits, and their extracellular matrix ligands, a collection of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collagens, have been modestly studied in the context of stroke compared with other diseases (e.g., cancer). In this review, we describe the effect that various integrins and extracellular matrix components have in embryonic brain development, and how this changes in both maturity and in the poststroke environment. Particular focus will be on how these changes in integrins and the extracellular matrix affect blood-brain barrier components and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation and Reduction (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CasFinder: Flexible algorithm for identifying specific Cas9 targets in genomes (2014)

Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 systems enable many molecular activities to be efficiently directed in vivo to user-specifiable DNA sequences of interest, including generation of dsDNA cuts and nicks, transcriptional activation and repression, and fluorescence. CRISPR targeting relies on base pairing of short RNA transcripts with their target DNA sequences that must also be adjacent to fixed DNA motifs. However, rules for Cas9 targeting specificity are incompletely known. With increasing numbers of Cas9 systems being developed and deployed in more and more organisms, there is now strong need for a flexible and rational method for finding Cas9 sites with low off-targeting potential. We address this through the CasFinder system, which we demonstrate by generating human and mouse exome-wide catalogs of specific sites for three varieties of Cas9 – S. pyogenes , S. thermophilus (ST1), and N. meningitidis – that each target 56-74% of all exons. We also generate reduced sets of up to 3 targets per gene for use in high-throughput Cas9-based gene knockout screens that target 75-80% of all genes.
Differential regulation of germ line apoptosis and germ cell differentiation by CPEB family members in C. elegans (2017)

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) proteins are evolutionary conserved RNA-binding proteins that control mRNA polyadenylation and translation. Orthologs in humans and other vertebrates are mainly involved in oogenesis. This is also the case for the C. elegans CPEB family member CPB-3, whereas two further CPEB proteins (CPB-1 and FOG-1) are involved in spermatogenesis. Here we describe the characterisation of a new missense allele of cpb-3 and show that loss of cpb-3 function leads to an increase in physiological germ cell death. To better understand the interaction and effect of C. elegans CPEB proteins on processes such as physiological apoptosis, germ cell differentiation, and regulation of gene expression, we characterised changes in the transcriptome and proteome of C. elegans CPEB mutants. Our results show that, despite their sequence similarities CPEB family members tend to have distinct overall effects on gene expression (both at the transcript and protein levels). This observation is consistent with the distinct phenotypes observed in the various CPEB family mutants.
Reconstituted-SiO2 Tier with Integrated Copper Heat Spreader (2023)

This work presents a wafer-scale chiplet reconstitution technology for high-density 3D polylithic integration. The key feature of this proposed integration is the use of silicon dioxide deposited by inductive coupled plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICP-PECVD) and electroplated copper for the encapsulation of multiple chiplets to form a reconstituted-SiO2 tier with an integrated copper heat spreader. Using silicon dioxide as the encapsulant can help achieve high-density and low-loss interconnects and reduce the possibility of misalignments and die-shifts. The electroplated copper on the back of the chiplets improves thermal management. In this paper, a dense array of 150 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mu \text{mx}150\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> chiplets that are about 30 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> - thick are partially encapsulated in 15 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> of SiO2 and partially in 36 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> of copper. Preliminary thermal and electrical modeling are carried out to analyze the performance of the proposed reconstituted tier.
Volumetric label-free histopathology using optical diffraction tomography (2021)

We realized multiscale label-free volumetric histopathology of thick-tissue slides. The present method exploits label-free volumetric reconstruction of intrinsic refractive index distributions in tissues, and numerical algorithms for seamless stitching and reduction of scattering-induced image distortion.
ROUND ROBIN TEST ON THE BOND BEHAVIOUR OF EXTERNALLY BONDED FRP SYSTEMS TO CONCRETE (2012)

The performance of an externally bonded FRP strengthening system is often limited by its ability to effectively transfer stresses between the FRP reinforcement and the concrete substrate. As evidenced in the literature, debonding of the FRP reinforcement can occur at a level of strain well below its ultimate strain limit and generally results in a brittle type of failure. An accurate characterisation of the bond behaviour between an FRP system and concrete is therefore critical for the optimal design and detailing of a strengthening solution. Although various test methods to examine the local bond behaviour of externally bonded FRP systems have been proposed thus far, their implementation can lead to a wide range of results and a standard methodology has yet to be generally accepted. With these issues in mind, a Round Robin Testing (RRT) programme was carried out to assess the performance and reliability of small scale testing on various externally bonded FRP strengthening systems. Seven laboratories and four manufacturers and suppliers participated in this extensive international exercise, which was initiated within the framework of the European funded Marie Curie Research Training Network, EN-CORE, with the support of Task Group 9.3 of the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib).\nThis paper describes the proposed testing programme and summarizes the results obtained by the participating laboratories. The influence of various parameters on the bond behaviour of the examined strengthening systems is discussed and recommendations on testing procedures are given.