gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of a Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay as determined by Titer Analysis for the Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies at the Point-of-Care (2020)

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), became a pandemic in early 2020. Lateral flow immunoassays for antibody testing have been viewed as a cheap and rapidly deployable method for determining previous infection with SARS-CoV-2; however, these assays have shown unacceptably low sensitivity. We report on nine lateral flow immunoassays currently available and compare their titer sensitivity in serum to a best-practice enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and viral neutralization assay. For a small group of PCR-positive, we found two lateral flow immunoassay devices with titer sensitivity roughly equal to the ELISA; these devices were positive for all PCR-positive patients harboring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. One of these devices was deployed in Northern Italy to test its sensitivity and specificity in a real-world clinical setting. Using the device with fingerstick blood on a cohort of 27 hospitalized PCR-positive patients and seven hospitalized controls, ROC curve analysis gave AUC values of 0.7646 for IgG. For comparison, this assay was also tested with saliva from the same patient population and showed reduced discrimination between cases and controls with AUC values of 0.6841 for IgG. Furthermore, during viral neutralization testing, one patient was discovered to harbor autoantibodies to ACE2, with implications for how immune responses are profiled. We show here through a proof-of-concept study that these lateral flow devices can be as analytically sensitive as ELISAs and adopted into hospital protocols; however, additional improvements to these devices remain necessary before their clinical deployment.
Synthesis and characterization of new highly organosoluble poly(ether imide)s based on 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride (2002)

Abstract A new bis(ether anhydride), 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride ( 3 ), was prepared in three steps: the nitro displacement of 4‐nitrophthalonitrile with 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl)propane, the alkaline hydrolysis of the intermediate bis(ether dinitrile), and the subsequent dehydration of the resulting bis(ether diacid). A series of new highly soluble poly(ether imide)s with tetramethyl and isopropylidene groups were prepared from the bis(ether anhydride) 3 with various diamines by a conventional two‐stage synthesis including polyaddition and chemical cyclodehydration. The resulting poly(ether imide)s had inherent viscosities of 0.54–0.73 dL g −1 . Gel permeation chromatography measurements revealed that the polymers had number‐average and weight‐average molecular weights of up to 54,000 and 124,000, respectively. All the polymers showed typical amorphous diffraction patterns. All of the poly(ether imide)s showed excellent solubility and were readily dissolved in various solvents such as N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, N,N ‐dimethylacetamide, N,N ‐dimethylformamide, pyridine, cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran, and even chloroform. Most of the polymers could be dissolved with chloroform concentrations as high as 30 wt %. These polymers had glass‐transition temperatures of 244–282 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that all polymers were stable, with 10% weight losses recorded above 463 °C in nitrogen. These transparent, tough, and flexible polymer films were obtained through solution casting from N,N ‐dimethylacetamide solutions. These polymer films had tensile strengths of 81–102 MPa and tensile moduli of 1.8–2.0 GPa. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2556–2563, 2002
Improvement in Vagal Function in a Post Breast Cancer Patient Receiving Chiropractic Care: A Case Study (2019)

Heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used to demonstrate the vagal function and sympathetic function of the autonomic nervous system and evaluate autonomic dysregulation. Current literature demonstrated that the HRV of women who have gone through breast cancer, surgery and chemotherapy stays low for possibly up to a year or more. The purpose of this paper was to chronicle the consistent improvements in salutogenesis, measured through HRV, in a 43-year-old woman post breast cancer following a course of chiropractic care focused on vertebral subluxation correction. Chiropractic care was provided to a 43-year-old woman following bilateral radical mastectomy and chemotherapy for management of breast cancer. Chiropractic care was focused on the assessment and correction of vertebral subluxation. The parameter numbers used were the standard interbeat interval (Sd IBI) from the heart rate analysis. Chiropractic care was provided over a period of 34 weeks. HRV assessment was performed at the initiation of care and again at weeks 4, 6, 13 and 34. The Sd IBI measurements recorded during the respective assessment visits indicated significant improvement compared to normative data for the same population. A course of chiropractic care focused on the assessment and correction of vertebral subluxation was associated with a salutogenic response in a woman post breast cancer, as measured via HRV. J Med Cases. 2019;10(6):171-178 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3306
Identification and characterization of a human monoclonal antagonistic antibody AL-57 that preferentially binds the high-affinity form of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (2006)

LFA-1 (alpha(L)beta(2)) mediates cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions essential for immune and inflammatory responses. One critical mechanism regulating LFA-1 activity is the conformational change of the ligand-binding alpha(L) I domain from low-affinity (LA), closed form, to the high-affinity (HA), open form. Most known integrin antagonists bind both forms. Antagonists specific for the HA alpha(L) I domain have not been described. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a human antibody AL-57, which binds to the alpha(L) I domain in a HA but not LA conformation. AL-57 was discovered by selection from a human Fab-displaying library using a locked-open HA I domain as target. AL-57 Fab-phage bound HA I domain-expressing K562 cells (HA cells) in a Mg(2+)-dependent manner. AL-57 IgG also bound HA cells and PBMCs, activated by Mg(2+)/EGTA, PMA, or DTT. The binding profile of AL-57 IgG on PBMCs was the same as that of ICAM-1, the main ligand of LFA-1. In contrast, an anti-alpha(L) murine mAb MHM24 did not distinguish between the HA and LA forms. Moreover, AL-57 IgG blocked ICAM-1 binding to HA cells with a potency greater than MHM24. It also inhibited ICAM-1 binding to PBMCs, blocked adhesion of HA cells to keratinocytes, and inhibited PHA-induced lymphocyte proliferation with potencies comparable with MHM24. These results indicate that specifically targeting the HA I domain is sufficient to inhibit LFA-1-mediated, adhesive functions. AL-57 represents a therapeutic candidate for treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Deformation-induced transitional myofibroblasts contribute to compensatory lung growth (2016)

In many mammals, including humans, removal of one lung (pneumonectomy) results in the compensatory growth of the remaining lung. Compensatory growth involves not only an increase in lung size, but also an increase in the number of alveoli in the peripheral lung; however, the process of compensatory neoalveolarization remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-a cytoplasmic protein characteristic of myofibroblasts-is induced in the pleura following pneumonectomy. SMA induction appears to be dependent on pleural deformation (stretch) as induction is prevented by plombage or phrenic nerve transection (P < 0.001). Within 3 days of pneumonectomy, the frequency of SMA<sup>+</sup> cells in subpleural alveolar ducts was significantly increased (P < 0.01). To determine the functional activity of these SMA<sup>+</sup> cells, we isolated regenerating alveolar ducts by laser microdissection and analyzed individual cells using microfluidic single-cell quantitative PCR. Single cells expressing the SMA (Acta2) gene demonstrated significantly greater transcriptional activity than endothelial cells or other discrete cell populations in the alveolar duct (P < 0.05). The transcriptional activity of the Acta2<sup>+</sup> cells, including expression of TGF signaling as well as repair-related genes, suggests that these myofibroblast-like cells contribute to compensatory lung growth.
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional MIS Nano-Capacitor Based on Nanoimprinted Single Crystal Silicon Nanowire Arrays (2012)

We report fabrication of single crystalline silicon nanowire based-three-dimensional MIS nano-capacitors for potential analog and mixed signal applications. The array of nanowires is patterned by Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL). Deep silicon etching (DSE) is used to form the nanowires with high aspect ratio, increase the electrode area and thus significantly enhance the capacitance. High-! dielectric is deposited by highly conformal atomic layer deposition (ALD) Al2O3 over the Si nanowires, and sputtered metal TaN serves as the electrode. Electrical measurements of fabricated capacitors show the expected increase of capacitance with greater nanowire height and decreasing dielectric thickness, consistent with calculations. Leakage current and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) are also measured and compared with planar MIS capacitors. In view of greater interest in 3D transistor architectures, such as FinFETs, 3D high density MIS capacitors offer an attractive device technology for analog and mixed signal applications.
Optimizing Coaxial Sonic Spray Geometry for Generating Water Microdroplets (2022)

Sonic spray creates a stream of neutral and charged microdroplets without application of voltage, heating, laser irradiation, or corona discharge. The solvent of interest flows through an inner capillary (usually constructed of fused silica) that is surrounded by an outer stainless-steel tube through which a nebulizing gas flows under pressure. This technique has been widely used as the interface in mass spectrometric studies for chemical analysis and for understanding microdroplet chemistry. We have used light scattering to characterize the size distribution and density for water microdroplets as a function of several parameters, such as water quality, water flow rate, nebulizing gas pressure, and sonic sprayer geometry. We find that the size distribution of the microdroplets, which is critical to many applications, depends most sensitively on the distance between the inner and outer capillary outlets and the gas flow pressure. The best performance as measured by the smallness of the microdroplet diameters is obtained when the gas flow pressure is the highest and there is no separation distance, <i>d</i>, between the two capillary outlets. In addition, at <i>d</i> = 0 mm, the microdroplet diameter distribution is nearly independent of the water flow rate, indicating that studies under these conditions can be scaled up.
Differential, partial cross sections for electron excitation of the sodium 3Pstate (1990)

Using a powerful laser-based experimental method, the cross section for electron excitation of Na(3S) atoms to the Na(3P) state has been decomposed into partial components with respect to changes in the spin and angular momentum of the atomic electron, and these partial cross sections are further reduced to their differential character with respect to the electron scattering angle. Partial, differential cross sections are reported for electron collision energies from threshold 2.1 to 3.6 eV, and compared to available calculations.
Single‐ and Multiple‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Dose Proportionality of the Psychotropic Agent Paliperidone Extended Release (2009)

Paliperidone extended-release tablet (paliperidone ER) is a centrally active dopamine D(2)- and serotonergic 5-HT(2A)-receptor antagonist that is registered for the treatment of schizophrenia. The controlled rate of release of paliperidone from the ER formulation is designed to have a slower absorption rate, which results in gradual ascending plasma concentrations with observed maximum plasma concentrations occurring at 24 hours after dosing on the first dosing day. On subsequent treatment days, the ER formulation provides minimal fluctuations in plasma concentrations. Paliperidone is eliminated with a terminal half-life of approximately 24 hours. Steady state is achieved after 4 daily doses. Paliperidone ER exhibits time-invariant pharmacokinetics. It shows a 3.5-fold accumulation upon steady state, mainly caused by the controlled release characteristics of the formulation. Paliperidone ER displays dose proportionality over the dose range of 3 to 15 mg; the 90% confidence intervals of the pairwise dose comparisons are all included in the 80% to 125% bioequivalence limits.
A new sensor structure and fabrication process for a single-chip fingerprint sensor/identifier LSI (2003)

We propose a new sensor structure and the fabrication process for a single-chip fingerprint sensor/identifier LSI in which the sensor is stacked on a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS LSI. We investigate the influence of electrostatic discharge (ESD), mechanical stress, and water penetration on the sensor's reliability. The results reveal ESD tolerance is obtained at the value of 2.0 kV, the sensor is immune to mechanical stress under the condition of 1 MPa tapping tests, and it is protected against contamination by a passivation film. The tests confirm that the sensor has sufficient reliability for conventional identification usage.
Greening web servers: A case for ultra low-power web servers (2014)

This paper studies the feasibility and benefits of greening Web servers by using ultra-low-power micro-computing boards to serve Web content. Our study focuses on the tradeoff between power and performance in such systems. Our premise is that low-power computing platforms can provide adequate performance for low-volume Websites run by small businesses or groups, while delivering a significantly higher request per Watt. We use the popular Raspberry Pi platform as an example low-power computing platform and experimentally evaluate our hypothesis for static and dynamic Web content served using this platform. Our result show that this platform can provide comparable response times to more capable server-class machines for rates up to 200 requests per second (rps); however, the scalability of the system is reduced to 20 rps for serving more compute-intensive dynamic content. Next, we study the feasibility of using clusters of low-power systems to serve requests for larger Websites. We find that, by utilising low-power multi-server clusters, we can achieve 17x to 23x more requests per Watt than typical tower server systems. Using simulations driven by parameters obtained from our real-world experiments, we also study dynamic multi-server policies that consider the tradeoff between power savings and overhead cost of turning servers on and off.
A simple iterative model of perpendicular recording (1987)

A simplified model for recording with a probe head on double layer perpendicular media is presented. This model includes a variation of the recorded magnetization with depth in the medium. The writing process is treated by matrix inversion of the field transforms and a simplified transition demagnetization due to medium motion. Comparisons with experiment show good agreement with thickness and spacing dependence of pulse shape and D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> density.
An Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid as a Model to Study Plasticization Effects on Cationic Polymethacrylate Films (2023)

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been touted as effective and environmentally friendly agents, which has driven their application in the biomedical field. The study compares the effectiveness of an IL agent, 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([HMIM]Cl), to current industry standards for plasticizing a methacrylate polymer. Industrial standards glycerol, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and the combination of [HMIM]Cl with a standard plasticizer was also evaluated. Plasticized samples were evaluated for stress-strain, long-term degradation, thermophysical characterizations, and molecular vibrational changes within the structure, and molecular mechanics simulations were performed. Physico-mechanical studies showed that [HMIM]Cl was a comparatively good plasticizer than current standards reaching effectiveness at 20-30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>, whereas plasticizing of standards such as glycerol was still inferior to [HMIM]Cl even at concentrations up to 50% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>. Degradation studies show HMIM-polymer combinations remained plasticized for longer than other test samples, >14 days, compared to glycerol <5 days, while remaining more pliable. The combination of [HMIM]Cl-DOP was effective at concentrations >30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>, demonstrating remarkable plasticizing capability and long-term stability. ILs used as singular agents or in tandem with other standards provided equivalent or better plasticizing activity than the comparative free standards.
A Novel Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist with Improved Efficacy in Insulin Secretion and β-Cell Growth (2014)

We developed a novel GLP-1 analog, xGLP-E4, that shows prolonged longevity and improved efficacy. This analog is a potential candidate for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Quest for the ultimate network-on-chip (2012)

The NaNoC project is progressing toward an innovative design platform for multicore systems based on future networks-on-chip. This platform enables the design, manufacturing and management of networks-on-chip by tackling new requirements of future systems like virtualization, power, thermal and application management, as well as new challenges in technology scaling like reliability and variability. The introduction of networks-on-chip into the platform enables a component-oriented architectural design which is out of reach of current design methods. This paper presents an overview of the achievements at the end of the second out of three years of planned activities.
Simulation of InGaN Quantum Well Laser Performance Using Quaternary InAlGaN Alloy as Electronic Blocking Layer (2005)

Laser performance of an InGaN edge-emitting laser using a quaternary InAlGaN electronic blocking layer is investigated. Varying the aluminum (Al) composition in InAlGaN with a fixed indium (In) value (Al:In=5:1) indicates that a lower threshold current and higher characteristic temperature ( T 0 ) value can be obtained when the Al composition is higher than 20%. When Al=25%, the threshold current is reduced at the expense of a decreased T 0 value from 149 to 130 K when the In composition increases from 1 to 7% in a temperature range of 300–370 K. The decreased T 0 value is mainly attributed to the increase in electronic leakage current.
Strategy in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (2000)

Merrifield's invention of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) revolutionized the field of peptide chemistry [I]. Prior to the development of SPPS, peptides were synthesized via classical solution-phase methods, which are customarily quite tedious and time consuming, and require considerable expertise [2,3]. In solution-phase syntheses, purification and characterization are required after each step, and the solubility of the peptide worsens and becomes more unpredictable with increased chain length. With the advent of SPPS, particularly with aid of automated instruments, the time required for the synthesis of peptides has been reduced from weeks or months to hours or days.
Inhibitory effect of targeted therapies of different signalling pathways in DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in C57BL/6 mice. (2019)

Background: We describe the successful DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in C57BL/6 mice and investigate the impact of 2 different waiting periods (10 and 12 months), and targeted therapies. Methods: In 60 male mice C57BL/6 DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis was achieved. DEN, 5mg/kg bw, was administered intraperitoneally on their 15th day of life. We divided the 60 mice in two major categories according to the post hepatocarcinogenesis waiting periods (10 and 12 months). We then allocated 6 groups with 10 experimental subjects. Group A (10 months) control HCC group, group B (10 months) with administration of anti-Aurora Kinase (PHA-739358, Danusertib), group C (10 months) with administration of anti-WNT1, group D (12 months) control HCC, group E (12 months) with administration of anti-HDAC (Romidepsin) and group F (12 months) with administration of anti-TOPK (HI-TOPK-32). Group G served as control. All animals were sacrificed on the 10th or 12th month of their life according to the protocol. Liver, lungs and serum were retrieved for analyses. Results: Histopathology analysis showed achievement of HCC genesis in the DEN group and administration of targeted therapies intervened in the development of HCC and the cell signaling. Conclusion: DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis proved to develop HCC successfully in mice. Targeted therapies for HCC demonstrated an inhibitory effect in the development of HCC and intervened in the HCC development cell signaling.
References for 14 (2006)

This document is part of Subvolume E2 ‘Biradicals, Radicals in Excited States, Carbenes and Related Species‘ of Volume 18 ‘Radical Reaction Rates in Liquids‘ of Landolt-Börnstein - Group II Molecules and Radicals. Get Access PDF
Influence of molecular architecture of S–S/B–S triblock copolymers on rheological properties (2006)

Abstract The influence of middle and outer block composition of symmetric triblock copolymers consisting of a polystyrene–polybutadiene (S/B) random middle block and two polystyrene (PS) outer blocks on morphology and rheological behavior has been investigated. Master curves are obtained by shifting the experimental data measured at different temperatures using time‐temperature superposition principle, the validity of which was confirmed in the linear viscoelastic regime. The rheological properties are observed to be strongly influenced by the relative composition of the S‐SB‐S triblock copolymers. Increasing the S/B ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 in the middle block has lead to a change in morphology from wormlike to lamellar, which is also accompanied with broad and sharp tan δ peaks in the dynamic mechanical measurements, respectively. The storage and loss modulus have been observed to increase with the increase in PS contents in the outer blocks and PB content in the middle block. The triblock copolymer with wormlike structure showed terminal linear viscoelastic behavior, whereas the ones with lamellar morphology showed nonterminal flow behavior in the similar low‐frequency regime. The relaxation modulus ( G t ) has been observed to increase four times when the S/B ratio is increased from 1:1 to 1:2, whereas it increases threefold when the PS‐content in the outer block was increased by just 8 wt %. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2776–2788, 2006