gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A non-linear impedance model for micro perforated liners (2020)

Perforated plate liners are widely used to reduce noise emissions from turbofan engines. Micro-perforated plates(MPP), with a porosity below 5% and apertures diameter below 1mm, are of particular interest for this purpose since they also help to reduce the flow drag, compared to conventional perforates. In the nonlinear regime without flow, existing models such as those of Guess or Maa are not suitable for MPP liners, i.e. when the acoustic velocity becomes high in the perforations. The effective velocity through the perforate is a function of the impedance and conversely. Therefore an iterative procedure is required to obtain accurate impedance predictions in the non-linear regime. In the present study, we propose to modify Guess and Laly impedance models by implementing an iterative procedure to compute the acoustic velocity. Good correspondence with impedance tube measurements is observed for sound pressure level up to 150 dB for MPP with a porosity and a neck diameter down to 1.4% and 0:3mm respectively. The modified model can be adapted to predict the impedance when either a white-noise source or a sine-sweep source is used in the experimental setup. In addition, we illustrate that considering only the absorption coefficient is misleading and that it is important to assess the resistance and reactance to properly evaluate the accuracy of an impedance model.
Internet of the Body and Cognitive Hypervisor (2017)

Wearables that continuously acquire medically relevant parameters can reduce duration of hospitalizations and derive treatment optimizations for individual patients thus improving the quality of medical treatments. We demonstrate an architecture that includes wearables, edge and cloud computing to provide optimal user interaction and analytics of multi-parameter wearable data to accomplish this goal. We also explore the trade-offs of on-wearable processing versus raw data transmission and the use of commercial location monitors to acquire indoor location data.
Proteomic Analysis of Malignant Ovarian Cancer Effusions as a Tool for Biologic and Prognostic Profiling (2006)

Proliferation, survival, and apoptosis signaling dysregulation can be identified in ovarian cancer effusion samples. Biochemical characterization of clinical effusions may provide either predictive and/or correlative information on patient outcome from which to further understand the mechanisms of effusion development and target clinical intervention.
UVIII-positive chemically amplified resist optimization (1998)

A highly sensitive resist is required for the fabrication of x-ray membrane masks (1X) using electron-beam lithography. Current products require precise control of 175 nm critical dimensions with test features of 100 to 125 nm. UVIII, a chemically amplified positive resist designed for DUV processes, also functions as an electron-beam resist with sensitivities of 12 to 30 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, depending upon the bake parameters. This paper discusses the process and demonstrates the capability of the resist on membranes. The post-apply bake (PAB) and post-expose bake (PEB) affect the resist sensitivity and process latitude of UVIII. The process was defined using a statistically designed experiment (DOE) to optimize the PAB and PEB conditions. The figures of merit included resist sensitivity, dose latitude and resolution. When the patterning process was defined, the etch processes were developed for both the SiON hardmask and TaSi absorber. Features as small as 100 nm have been successfully transferred from UVIII resist into the TaSi membrane with critical dimension (CD) uniformity of less than 20nm 3(sigma) within a mask. The process latitude, high resolution, and excellent CD uniformity indicate the UVIII resist is compatible with the manufacturing environment required for the fabrication of x-ray membrane masks.
Hydrogen Sulfide Production and Metabolism in Mammalian Tissues (2004)

Evidence for a physiological role for H2S rests primarily on observations that this compound is endogenously produced in specific mammalian tissues relevant to its proposed role as a neuromodulator and vasorelaxant. Multiple mammalian enzymes have the potential to catalyze the desulfuration of cysteine to form H2S including cystathionine β-synthase (CBS; EC 4.2.1.22), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE; 4.4.1.1), cysteine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.3), mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST; EC 2.8.1.2), rhodanese (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferase) (EC 2.8.1.1), and cysteine lyase (EC 4.2.1.10). Presently, there is insufficient knowledge regarding the H2S forming activities of cysteine lyase, MST, and rhodanese to assess their possible role in the physiological production of this compound. There is some evidence that CSE plays a role in mammalian H2S production, but a recent biochemical study of human CSE casts doubt on the ability of this enzyme to perform this function. The regulatory and catalytic characteristics of CBS share a striking number of common features with mammalian neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthases and thus appears to be eminently suited to the task of producing H2S as a cell messenger. Our current knowledge of human sulfur metabolism is insufficient to exclude the possibility of other enzymes playing a role in the synthesis of H2S.
Impaired regional left ventricular strain after repair of tetralogy of fallot (2011)

MRI can detect early regional LV dysfunction in patients with preserved LVEF after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. MR may be a useful technique for guiding clinical decisions in these patients in order to prevent future global LV deterioration.
Single nano-particle sensing exploiting crossed polarizers to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (2013)

Crossed polarized excitation and detection has been used to improve signal-to-noise ratio in an optical nano-particle sensor exploiting guided-resonance-modes in photonic crystal membranes. The sensor can detect particles with a diameter less than 40 nm.
Abstract 835: Downregulation Of Cardiomyocyte-enriched Micrornas Contributes To Altered Gene Expression In Heart Failure (2007)

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttransciptionally. Altered miRNA expression has been implicated in diverse human diseases such as cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests the importance of miRNAs in the heart. However, the contribution of miRNAs to heart disease remains incompletely understood. Methods and Results: We measured the expression of 261 miRNAs in heart failure resulting from transgenic overexpression of calcineurin. 59 miRNAs were confidently detected in the heart, and 11 miRNAs belonging to 6 families (miR-1, -15, -30, -133, -195, -208) were downregulated compared to non-transgenic control (Welch’s t-test nominal p&lt;0.05, false discovery rate &lt;0.001). The results were validated by qRTPCR. There was no upregulated miRNA. Four of these miRNAs (miR-1, -30, -133, -208) were enriched in a purified cardiomyocyte preparation, compared to non-myocytes. Downregulation of these four miRNAs was reproduced in purified failing versus non-failing cardiomyocytes. This excluded artifactual downregulation from reduced myocyte fraction in failing hearts. The remaining two miRNAs (miR-15, and -195) were exclusively expressed in non-cardiomyocytes and did not changed in failing cardiomyocytes. Next, we used Affymetrix expression profiling to show that the predicted targets of these downregulated miRNAs were disproportionately upregulated compared to the entire transcriptome (Fisher’s exact p &lt; 0.001). This suggests an association between downregulation of these miRNAs and upregulation of predicted target genes in heart failure. One particularly intriguing target of the predominant cardiac microRNA miR-1 is calmodulin, a key regulator of calcium signaling. We showed that calmodulin and downstream calmodulin signaling to NFAT is regulated by miR-1 in cultured cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Our results indicate that altered expression of cardiomyocyte-enriched miRNAs may contribute to abnormal gene expression in heart failure. The regulation of calmodulin and calcium signaling by miR-1 suggests a mechanism by which miR-1 may regulate heart function.
Analytical calculation of cylindrical shell modes: Implications for MRI acoustic noise (2005)

In this article we calculate the total number of modes of the cryostat inner “warm bore” cylinder in an industrial MRI system. The exactly calculated frequencies of the warm bore are needed for finding analytical solutions of cylinder vibrations as well as for applying statistical energy analysis for more complex systems. To do this we write the general equations of vibrations in Flügge's approximation without external forces. Applying the known generalized solutions consistent with boundary conditions, we find the normal modes and their vibration frequencies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 25B: 60–64, 2005
Study of barrier coats for application in immersion 193-nm lithography (2005)

We will describe our barrier coat approach for use in immersion 193 nm lithography. These barrier coats may act as either simple barriers providing protection against loss of resist components into water or in the case of one type of these formulations which have a refractive index at 193 nm which is the geometric mean between that of the resist and water provide, also top antireflective properties. Either type of barrier coat can be applied with a simple spinning process compatible with PGMEA based resin employing standard solvents such as alcohols and be removed during the usual resist development process with aqueous 0.26 N TMAH. We will discuss both imaging results with these materials on acrylate type 193 nm resists and also show some fundamental studies we have done to understand the function of the barrier coat and the role of differing spinning solvents and resins. We will show LS (55 nm) and Contact Hole (80 nm) resolved with a 193 nm resist exposed with the interferometric tool at the University of New Mexico (213 nm) with and without the use of a barrier coat.
Comparison of the Radiation Sensitivity of Fiber Bragg Gratings Made by Four Different Manufacturers (2011)

The radiation sensitivity of type I FBGs written by four different manufacturers with different UV or IR lasers in two different Ge-doped H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> loaded and unloaded fibers was investigated. The measured peak shifts agreed quite well.
Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Dopaminergic Neuron-like Cells in Vitro (2016)

We investigated the potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in vitro as an autologous stem cell source for Parkinson's disease treatment. The hDPSCs were expanded in knockout-embryonic stem cell (KO-ES) medium containing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on gelatin-coated plates for 3-4 days. Then, the medium was replaced with KO-ES medium without LIF to allow the formation of the neurosphere for 4 days. The neurosphere was transferred into ITS medium, containing ITS (human insulin-transferrin-sodium) and fibronectin, to select for Nestin-positive cells for 6-8 days. The cells were then cultured in N-2 medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), FGF-8b, sonic hedgehog-N, and ascorbic acid on poly-l-ornithine/fibronectin-coated plates to expand the Nestin-positive cells for up to 2 weeks. Finally, the cells were transferred into N-2/ascorbic acid medium to allow for their differentiation into dopaminergic neurons for 10-15 days. The differentiation stages were confirmed by morphological, immunocytochemical, flow cytometric, real-time PCR, and ELISA analyses. The expressions of mesenchymal stem cell markers were observed at the early stages. The expressions of early neuronal markers were maintained throughout the differentiation stages. The mature neural markers showed increased expression from stage 3 onwards. The percentage of cells positive for tyrosine hydroxylase was 14.49%, and the amount was 0.526 ± 0.033 ng/mL at the last stage. hDPSCs can differentiate into dopaminergic neural cells under experimental cell differentiation conditions, showing potential as an autologous cell source for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS FOR NEUROINTENSIVE CARE DURING MRI: IMPLEMENTATION OF ICP MONITORING (1998)

Menon, D K; Williams, E J; Tam, Y-C; Bunch, C; Kendall, I V; Downey, S PJM; Carpenter, T A; Parry, D; Swami, A; Gupta, A K; Matta, B F; Minhas, P S; Pickard, J D Author Information
Physical mechanisms of copper-copper wafer bonding (2015)

The study of the physical mechanisms driving Cu-Cu wafer bonding allowed for reducing the bonding temperatures below 200 °C. Metal thermo-compression Cu-Cu wafer bonding results obtained at such low temperatures are very encouraging and suggest that the process is possible even at room temperature if some boundary conditions are fulfilled. Sputtered (PVD) and electroplated Cu thin layers were investigated, and the analysis of both metallization techniques demonstrated the importance of decreasing Cu surface roughness. For an equal surface roughness, the bonding temperature of PVD Cu wafers could be even further reduced due to the favorable microstructure. Their smaller grain size enhances the length of the grain boundaries (observed on the surface prior bonding), acting as efficient mass transfer channels across the interface, and hence the grains are able to grow over the initial bonding interface. Due to the higher concentration of random high-angle grain boundaries, this effect is intensified. The model presented is explaining the microstructural changes based on atomic migration, taking into account that the reduction of the grain boundary area is the major driving force to reduce the Gibbs free energy, and predicts the subsequent microstructure evolution (grain growth) during thermal annealing.
ChemInform Abstract: Multielectron‐Photoinduced Reduction of Chloroplatinum Complexes: Visible Light Deposition of Platinum Metal. (1986)

Abstract The four‐electron reduction of a PtClä′ complex in aqueous alcoholic solution using low‐energy visible photons (488 nm) yields either a colloid or a Pt‐mirror depending on the reaction conditiqns.
Theranostic approach of cancers using ECDG (2011)

1496 Objectives Phosphorylation of uridine 59-diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetylated glucosamine (GlcNAc) is involved in cell activity. Ethylenedicysteine-N-acetylglucosamine (ECDG) has structural similarity to GlcNAc. ECDG can be converted to a theranostic perform in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The study was aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of a theranostic approach in cancers using ECDG. Methods ECDG was labeled with In-111 chloride for radiotheranostic studies. Breast tumor-bearing Fischer rats (induced by 13762 cells) were imaged at 0.5-24 hrs and rad absorbed dose was estimated. Re-187 ECDG was synthesized for theranostic studies. Twelve diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells were incubated (0-10 µM) and TUNEL assay was performed. To ascertain the mechanism of the anticancer properties of Re-187 ECDG, DLBCL-LY10 cells were treated for 48 hrs and immunoblotting were then performed on nuclear extracts (50 µg). Results Tumor-to-muscle count density ratios for In-111-ECDG were 5.43±0.45 to 7.80±0.05 whereas In-111 EC had 3.24±0.32 to 4.64±0.16 at 0.5-24 hrs. Rad exposure of In-111-ECDG to whole body, blood-forming organs, gonads, and effective dose equivalent for a single dose at 5 mCi was below the limits of 3 rad annually and 5 rad total. The absorbed dose in all other organs was well below the rad annually and rad total doses. Re-187 ECDG enters the nucleus and causes DNA damage that leads to DLBCL apoptosis. Inhibition of cell proliferation of aggressive dividing lymphoma cells, but was less effective at the dose given for slow growing lymphoma cells. Re-187 ECDG showed significant tumorcidal activity compared to normal B-lymphocyte activity at doses >0.17 umol. Exhibit a decrease expression of HIF-1 alpha under normoxic conditions in DLBCL-LY10 cells. Conclusions In-111-ECDG has favorable dosimetry which provides an opportunity for imaging (Tc-99m, Ga-68) or to treat cancers. Moreover, Re-187-ECDG could inhibit HIF-1alpha expression which is an attractive anticancer agent as well
Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge (2022)

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but the quality bar for medical and clinical applications is high. Today, attempts to assess models' clinical knowledge typically rely on automated evaluations on limited benchmarks. There is no standard to evaluate model predictions and reasoning across a breadth of tasks. To address this, we present MultiMedQA, a benchmark combining six existing open question answering datasets spanning professional medical exams, research, and consumer queries; and HealthSearchQA, a new free-response dataset of medical questions searched online. We propose a framework for human evaluation of model answers along multiple axes including factuality, precision, possible harm, and bias. In addition, we evaluate PaLM (a 540-billion parameter LLM) and its instruction-tuned variant, Flan-PaLM, on MultiMedQA. Using a combination of prompting strategies, Flan-PaLM achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on every MultiMedQA multiple-choice dataset (MedQA, MedMCQA, PubMedQA, MMLU clinical topics), including 67.6% accuracy on MedQA (US Medical License Exam questions), surpassing prior state-of-the-art by over 17%. However, human evaluation reveals key gaps in Flan-PaLM responses. To resolve this we introduce instruction prompt tuning, a parameter-efficient approach for aligning LLMs to new domains using a few exemplars. The resulting model, Med-PaLM, performs encouragingly, but remains inferior to clinicians. We show that comprehension, recall of knowledge, and medical reasoning improve with model scale and instruction prompt tuning, suggesting the potential utility of LLMs in medicine. Our human evaluations reveal important limitations of today's models, reinforcing the importance of both evaluation frameworks and method development in creating safe, helpful LLM models for clinical applications.
1P472 Domain linker prediction using a Support Vector Machine(SVM)(23. Bioinformatics, genomics and proteomics (I),Poster Session,Abstract,Meeting Program of EABS &BSJ 2006) (2006)

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Progress of Nikon's F2-exposure tool development (2002)

Progress of Nikon's F2 tool development is described. Intrinsic birefringence of CaF2 reported in the middle of last year by NIST had large impact on F2 optics designing. However, we believe Nikon has already overcome it, and the imaging performance of our newest design is almost the same level to the performance without the intrinsic birefringence. Several methods to correct the intrinsic birefringence are discussed in this paper. Evaluation software for the intrinsic birefringence is also developed, and simulated performances of the newest optical designs, which correct for the intrinsic birefringence, are shown. Among them, simulated CD uniformity of 35nm width gate is a good measure to evaluate the optical design performance. We have also made a steady progress on gas purging. Purging of 02 and H20 concentration less than O.lppm and lppm respectively has been attained.
An energy-conserving access protocol for wireless communication (2002)

This paper deals with the design of a communications protocol which operates under an energy constraint, in which the fraction of timeslots in which tags need to be in the active (awake) state is minimized, and the access delay meets the applications constraints. We present a new approach to this problem, a pseudo-random protocol, which combines the fairness from random access protocols with the low energy requirements of classical TDMA. Considering an analytical model as well as simulations of the system behavior for the cases of uniformly and non-uniformly distributed traffic destinations, we show that in addition to fairness, and low energy requirements the proposed protocol provides low access delays.
Cells Lacking IKKα Show Nuclear Cyclin D1 Overexpression and a Neoplastic Phenotype: Role of IKKα as a Tumor Suppressor (2011)

The catalytic subunits of IκB kinase (IKK) complex, IKKα and IKKβ, are involved in activation of NF-κB and in mediating a variety of other biological functions. Though these proteins have a high-sequence homology, IKKα exhibits different functional characteristics as compared with IKKβ. Earlier, we have shown that cyclin D1 is overexpressed and predominantly localized in the nucleus of IKKα(-/-) cells, indicating that IKKα regulates turnover and subcellular distribution of cyclin D1, which is mediated by IKKα-induced phosphorylation of cyclin D1. Because cyclin D nuclear localization is implicated in tumor development, we examined whether the absence of IKKα leads to tumor development as well. In the current study, we show that IKKα plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Though IKKα(-/-) MEF cells show a slower anchorage-dependent growth, they are clonogenic in soft agar. These cells are tumorigenic in nude mice. Microarray analysis of IKKα(-/-) cells indicates a differential expression of genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, analysis of microarray data of human lung cancer cell lines revealed decreased IKKα RNA expression level as compared with cell lines derived from normal bronchial epithelium. These results suggest that IKKα may function as a tumor suppressor gene. Absence of IKKα may induce tumorigenicity by nuclear localization of cyclin D1 and modulating the expression of genes involved in neoplastic transformation.
Angiotensin II signaling increases activity of the renal Na-Cl cotransporter through a WNK4-SPAK-dependent pathway (2009)

Mutations in the kinase WNK4 cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a syndrome featuring hypertension and high serum K(+) levels (hyperkalemia). WNK4 has distinct functional states that regulate the balance between renal salt reabsorption and K(+) secretion by modulating the activities of renal transporters and channels, including the Na-Cl cotransporter NCC and the K(+) channel ROMK. WNK4's functions could enable differential responses to intravascular volume depletion (hypovolemia) and hyperkalemia. Because hypovolemia is uniquely associated with high angiotensin II (AngII) levels, AngII signaling might modulate WNK4 activity. We show that AngII signaling in Xenopus oocytes increases NCC activity by abrogating WNK4's inhibition of NCC but does not alter WNK4's inhibition of ROMK. This effect requires AngII, its receptor AT1R, and WNK4, and is prevented by the AT1R inhibitor losartan. NCC activity is also increased by WNK4 harboring mutations found in PHAII, and this activity cannot be further augmented by AngII signaling, consistent with PHAII mutations providing constitutive activation of the signaling pathway between AT1R and NCC. AngII's effect on NCC is also dependent on the kinase SPAK because dominant-negative SPAK or elimination of the SPAK binding motif in NCC prevent activation of NCC by AngII signaling. These effects extend to mammalian cells. AngII increases phosphorylation of specific sites on SPAK and NCC that are necessary for activation of each in mpkDCT cells. These findings place WNK4 in the signaling pathway between AngII and NCC, and provide a mechanism by which hypovolemia maximizes renal salt reabsoprtion without concomitantly increasing K(+) secretion.