gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radar Path Delay Effects in Volcanic Gas Plumes: The Case of Láscar Volcano, Northern Chile (2018)

Modern volcano monitoring commonly involves Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements to identify ground motions caused by volcanic activity. However, InSAR is largely affected by changes in atmospheric refractivity, in particular by changes which can be attributed to the distribution of water (H2O) vapor in the atmospheric column. Gas emissions from continuously degassing volcanoes contain abundant water vapor and thus produce variations in the atmospheric water vapor content above and downwind of the volcano, which are notably well captured by short-wavelength X-band SAR systems. These variations may in turn cause differential phase errors in volcano deformation estimates due to excess radar path delay effects within the volcanic gas plume. Inversely, if these radar path delay effects are better understood, they may be even used for monitoring degassing activity, by means of the precipitable water vapor (PWV) content in the plume at the time of SAR acquisitions, which may provide essential information on gas plume dispersion and the state of volcanic and hydrothermal activity. In this work we investigate the radar path delays that were generated by water vapor contained in the volcanic gas plume of the persistently degassing Láscar volcano, which is located in the dry Atacama Desert of Northern Chile. We estimate water vapor contents based on sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission measurements from a scanning UV spectrometer (Mini-DOAS) station installed at Láscar volcano, which were scaled by H2O/SO2 molar mixing ratios obtained during a multi-component Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) survey on the crater rim of the volcano. To calculate the water vapor content in the downwind portion of the plume, where an increase of water vapor is expected, we further applied a correction involving estimation of potential evaporation rates of water droplets governed by turbulent mixing of the condensed volcanic plume with the dry atmosphere. Based on these estimates we obtain daily average PWV contents inside the volcanic gas plume of 0.2–2.5 mm equivalent water column, which translates to a slant wet delay (SWD) in DInSAR data of 1.6–20 mm. We used these estimates in combination with our high resolution TerraSAR-X DInSAR observations at Láscar volcano, in order to demonstrate the occurrence of repeated atmospheric delay patterns that were generated by volcanic gas emissions. We show that gas plume related refractivity changes are significant and detectable in DInSAR measurements. Implications are two-fold: X-band satellite radar observations also contain information on the degassing state of a volcano, while deformation signals need to be interpreted with care, which has relevance for volcano observations at Láscar and for other sites worldwide.
Phase sequencing, marine vibrators, and high-multiplicity simultaneous sources (2017)

We show how phase control, enabled by high-fidelity marine seismic vibrators, can be used to acquire and separate high-multiplicity simultaneous-source data. By changing the phase of the source wavefield from shot to shot and following a prescribed phase sequence, energy from selected sources can be moved into different parts of the frequency-wavenumber spectrum in the common-receiver domain. We use synthetic examples to demonstrate how this type of seismic acquisition, combined with wavefield reconstruction techniques, has the potential to provide a new method of high-multiplicity simultaneous-source acquisition and separation. Compared with the more conventional time-dithered air-gun approach the phase sequencing approach shows consistently lower simultaneous-source crosstalk. This suggests that the introduction of a marine vibrator with controllable phase could offer significant changes in marine seismic data quality and survey efficiency. Phase sequencing cannot be used with air guns because we have no control of the phase of the air-gun signal other than simple changes of amplitude and overall time delay. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 9:45 AM Location: 371F Presentation Type: ORAL
Crop rotation mitigates impacts of corn rootworm resistance to transgenic Bt corn (2020)

Transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) can suppress pests and reduce insecticide sprays, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Although farmers plant refuges of non-Bt host plants to delay pest resistance, this tactic has not been sufficient against the western corn rootworm, <i>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</i> In the United States, some populations of this devastating pest have rapidly evolved practical resistance to Cry3 toxins and Cry34/35Ab, the only Bt toxins in commercially available corn that kill rootworms. Here, we analyzed data from 2011 to 2016 on Bt corn fields producing Cry3Bb alone that were severely damaged by this pest in 25 crop-reporting districts of Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. The annual mean frequency of these problem fields was 29 fields (range 7 to 70) per million acres of Cry3Bb corn in 2011 to 2013, with a cost of $163 to $227 per damaged acre. The frequency of problem fields declined by 92% in 2014 to 2016 relative to 2011 to 2013 and was negatively associated with rotation of corn with soybean. The effectiveness of corn rotation for mitigating Bt resistance problems did not differ significantly between crop-reporting districts with versus without prevalent rotation-resistant rootworm populations. In some analyses, the frequency of problem fields was positively associated with planting of Cry3 corn and negatively associated with planting of Bt corn producing both a Cry3 toxin and Cry34/35Ab. The results highlight the central role of crop rotation for mitigating impacts of <i>D. v. virgifera</i> resistance to Bt corn.
Efficient, Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Heck-Isomerization Reaction of Aryl Bromides and Non-Allylic Benzyl Alcohols (2009)

An efficient and mild method to couple aryl bromides and activated non-allylic alcohols in a Heck reaction with tandem isomerization to selectively afford high yields of 1,5-diarylalkan-1-ones has been developed. Mechanistic insight was gained through NMR studies of products derived from deuterium-labeled intermediates.
[Extract process of cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) in Ziziphus jujuba]. (2007)

Chemistry structure of this extract with that of control cAMP is the same.
Design of strongly modulating pulses to implement precise effective Hamiltonians for quantum information processing (2002)

We describe a method for improving coherent control through the use of detailed knowledge of the system’s Hamiltonian. Precise unitary transformations were obtained by strongly modulating the system’s dynamics to average out unwanted evolution. With the aid of numerical search methods, pulsed irradiation schemes are obtained that perform accurate, arbitrary, selective gates on multiqubit systems. Compared to low power selective pulses, which cannot average out all unwanted evolution, these pulses are substantially shorter in time, thereby reducing the effects of relaxation. Liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques on homonuclear spin systems are used to demonstrate the accuracy of these gates both in simulation and experiment. Simulations of the coherent evolution of a three-qubit system show that the control sequences faithfully implement the unitary operations, typically yielding gate fidelities on the order of 0.999 and, for some sequences, up to 0.9997. The experimentally determined density matrices resulting from the application of different control sequences on a three-spin system have overlaps of up to 0.99 with the expected states, confirming the quality of the experimental implementation.
Liquid vortex phase and strongc-axis pinning in low anisotropy BaCoxFe2 −xAs2pnictide films (2011)

We present linear and nonlinear electronic transport measurements as a function of magnetic field strength and orientation at different temperatures for BaCoxFe2 − xAs2 biaxially oriented films grown on (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3 single crystals and determine the critical current density, melting line and upper critical field (Jc, Hm and Hc2). Unlike observations on single crystals of the same composition with similar Tc ∼ 20 K and anisotropy γ ∼ 2, we observe here a vortex liquid phase as a broadening of the resistive transition with increasing H. We find evidence of a high density of correlated defects that generate a very large Jc peak as a function of field orientation centered near the c-axis orientation with Jc > 1 MA cm − 2 at 4 K and 1 T and reduce the dissipation in the vortex liquid state along the defect direction. These studies indicate that these correlated defects could be more effective than the correlated defects found in more anisotropic cuprate superconductors.
Contention-Less Scheduling-Free Torus Optical Network Comprising Thousands of Nodes (2018)

We present a new approach for realizing an ultra-dynamic optical network where contention-free transmission of burst-mode optical data flows with arbitrary lengths is enabled by performing label-based switching on predefined wavelength-interleaved optical paths in a torus topology.
Tianshou: a Highly Modularized Deep Reinforcement Learning Library (2021)

In this paper, we present Tianshou, a highly modularized Python library for deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that uses PyTorch as its backend. Tianshou intends to be research-friendly by providing a flexible and reliable infrastructure of DRL algorithms. It supports online and offline training with more than 20 classic algorithms through a unified interface. To facilitate related research and prove Tianshou's reliability, we have released Tianshou's benchmark of MuJoCo environments, covering eight classic algorithms with state-of-the-art performance. We open-sourced Tianshou at https://github.com/thu-ml/tianshou/.
Effects of Preparation and Storage of Agar Media on the Sensitivity of Bacterial Forward Scattering Patterns (2012)

Recent worldwide foodborne outbreaks emphasize the need for the development of rapid and accurate method for pathogen detection. To address such issues, a new colony based label-free detection method working on the principles of elastic light scattering was introduced. In order to build libraries of scattering images for bacterial pathogens, it is pertinent to determine the effect of preparation and storage of the agar media on the scatter patterns. Scatter patterns of three Escherichia coli serovars (O26, O111 and O157) were studied and used in a model system, after growth on Sorbitol-MacConkey agar plates that were prepared and stored at different conditions in the laboratory. Quantitative image processing software was used to analyze variation in scatter patterns of the same serovar on media prepared under various standard laboratory conditions and to generate a cross-validation matrix for comparison. Based on the results, it was determined that attention should be given during preparation of media so that the agar plates are not air-dried more than 10 - 20 min after solidification at room temperature. The plates could be stored in sealed bags in cold room (4oC - 10oC) for up to a month before use. The findings of this study should provide guidelines in preparation, storage, and handling of media for generation of reproducible scatter patterns of bacterial colonies with the light scattering sensor for pathogen detection.
An Oligonucleotide Fingerprint Normalized and Expressed Sequence Tag Characterized Zebrafish cDNA Library (2001)

The zebrafish is a powerful system for understanding the vertebrate genome, allowing the combination of genetic, molecular, and embryological analysis. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide a rapid means of identifying an organism's genes for further analysis, but any EST project is limited by the availability of suitable libraries. Such cDNA libraries must be of high quality and provide a high rate of gene discovery. However, commonly used normalization and subtraction procedures tend to select for shorter, truncated, and internally primed inserts, seriously affecting library quality. An alternative procedure is to use oligonucleotide fingerprinting (OFP) to precluster clones before EST sequencing, thereby reducing the re-sequencing of common transcripts. Here, we describe the use of OFP to normalize and subtract 75,000 clones from two cDNA libraries, to a minimal set of 25,102 clones. We generated 25,788 ESTs (11,380 3' and 14,408 5') from over 16,000 of these clones. Clustering of 10,654 high-quality 3' ESTs from this set identified 7232 clusters (likely genes), corresponding to a 68% gene diversity rate, comparable to what has been reported for the best normalized human cDNA libraries, and indicating that the complete set of 25,102 clones contains as many as 17,000 genes. Yet, the library quality remains high. The complete set of 25,102 clones is available for researchers as glycerol stocks, filters sets, and as individual EST clones. These resources have been used for radiation hybrid, genetic, and physical mapping of the zebrafish genome, as well as positional cloning and candidate gene identification, molecular marker, and microarray development.
Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease. IV. H-2-linked control of the relative proportions of antibodies produced to different determinants of native nuclease. (1977)

The relative proportions of antibodies of different specificities within antisera raised to native staphylococcal nuclease have been studied in several strains of mice in which the antibody response has been shown to be under H-2-linked Ir-gene control. A method was developed in which binding to different radiolabeled fragments of nuclease was titrated against increasing fragment concentration until the binding capacity of the antiserum for that fragment was saturated. In comparing the low responder (H-2b) strain C57BL/10 with its congenic high responder counterpart B10.A (H-2a), it was found that the two strains made markedly and reproducibly different proportions of antibodies to different determinants on native nuclease. Since these two strains differ only at H-2, and therefore have identical immunoglobulin structural gene repertoires, we conclude that H-2-linked Ir genes can control the response to different determinants on the same antigen molecule independently of one another. This result suggests a possible role of H-2-linked genes in the selection of specific B cells.
Optimal choice of intermediate frequency for zero-crossing detectors (2007)

It is illustrated that the intermediate frequency (IF) in an IF zero-crossing detector (ZXD) for Bluetooth basic rate transmission affects the transmission quality. A simple optimisation strategy is presented and it is shown that simple IF ZXD structures benefit more from the optimal choice of the IF than hypothesis detectors.
Elastic heterogeneity and phase stability under hydrostatic pressure (2003)

Structural phase transitions typically arise from differences in the average stiffness, nominal bond length and/or lattice topology between competing structures. We show how heterogeneity in the nominal bond lengths and stiffnesses can shrink and soften a material, thereby favoring a heterogeneous state, even when the average bond length and stiffness are unchanged. We quantify the relationship between lattice coordination, the variance of the local bond stiffnesses and the macroscopic rigidity. We also demonstrate that long-range order in three dimensions can survive perturbative disorder in the nominal bond length.
HOSVD-Based Denoising for Improved Channel Prediction of Weak Massive MIMO Channels (2017)

Future mobile radio systems, like 5G, are setting extremely demanding targets with respect to the number of served users, data rates, and latency etc. Advanced techniques such as massive MIMO and joint cooperation over several distributed radio stations are being developed to achieve these targets. Channel prediction has been deemed to be a potential main enabler for these techniques. Here, we exploit the correlation present in the multi-dimensional massive MIMO channel and apply HOSVD-based techniques to improve the prediction of weak channels by devising a denoising step before the state-of-the-art channel predictor. We show that at low signal-to-noise ratios and prediction horizons of 1 ms, there is a gain of more than 7 dB in prediction performance.
Sputum is a surrogate for bronchoalveolar lavage for monitoring Mycobacterium tuberculosis transcriptional profiles in TB patients (2016)

Pathogen-targeted transcriptional profiling in human sputum may elucidate the physiologic state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) during infection and treatment. However, whether M. tuberculosis transcription in sputum recapitulates transcription in the lung is uncertain. We therefore compared M. tuberculosis transcription in human sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 11 HIV-negative South African patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. We additionally compared these clinical samples with in vitro log phase aerobic growth and hypoxic non-replicating persistence (NRP-2). Of 2179 M. tuberculosis transcripts assayed in sputum and BAL via multiplex RT-PCR, 194 (8.9%) had a p-value <0.05, but none were significant after correction for multiple testing. Categorical enrichment analysis indicated that expression of the hypoxia-responsive DosR regulon was higher in BAL than in sputum. M. tuberculosis transcription in BAL and sputum was distinct from both aerobic growth and NRP-2, with a range of 396-1020 transcripts significantly differentially expressed after multiple testing correction. Collectively, our results indicate that M. tuberculosis transcription in sputum approximates M. tuberculosis transcription in the lung. Minor differences between M. tuberculosis transcription in BAL and sputum suggested lower oxygen concentrations or higher nitric oxide concentrations in BAL. M. tuberculosis-targeted transcriptional profiling of sputa may be a powerful tool for understanding M. tuberculosis pathogenesis and monitoring treatment responses in vivo.
Hybridization Properties of Aromatic Peptide Nucleic Acids:  A Novel Class of Oligonucleotide Analogues (2001)

[structure: see text] The synthesis of APNA-PNA chimeras containing all four DNA bases will be described. The hybridization properties of APNA-PNA chimeras with DNA and RNA are consistent with plausible intramolecular interactions that could preorganize the oligomers in a duplex or triplex structure with complementary DNA or RNA.
Hybrid-integrated coherent receiver using silica-based planar lightwave circuit technology (2011)

A hybrid-integrated coherent receiver module has been achieved using flip-chip bonding technology, consisting of a silica-based 90&#176;-hybrid planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform, a spot-size converter integrated waveguide photodiode (SSC-WG-PD), and a dual-channel transimpedance amplifier (TIA). The receiver module shows error-free operation up to 40Gb/s and OSNR sensitivity of 11.5 dB for BER = 10<sup>-3</sup> at 25 Gb/s.
Improving Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells by Suppressing Ion Migration Using Copolymer Grain Encapsulation (2021)

Thermal stability of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) remains as one of the critical challenges against the stable operation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in direct sunlight with elevated temperatures. Here, we show that the addition of a polystyrene-co-polyacrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer can significantly enhance thermal stability of OIHPs and improve the stability of the corresponding PSCs by suppressing the migration of organic cations in OHIP. The methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) with SAN incorporated within the perovskite layer featured a superior thermal stability compared to pure MAPI without SAN, only displaying an average of 5–15% decrease in PCE even after continuous thermal aging for 24 h at 100 °C. The secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that the thermal degradation of the pure MAPI was largely associated with MA+ out-migration. Conducting atomic force microscopy analysis further indicated that the incorporated SAN led to a suppression of ionic currents present at the grain boundaries of the perovskite film, which was understood by high immiscibility between SAN and MA+ components as confirmed by the experimentally estimated Flory–Huggins parameter between them. This study newly identifies a promising potential of using polymer grain encapsulation for enhancing thermal stability of OIHPs and their solar cell performance by suppressing the out-diffusion of cationic organic components.
PolysaccharicbConjugate Vaccines (2003)

It was recognized early this century that small molecules, called haptens, can be made immunogenic after conjugation to carrier proteins (1), This principle was thereafter applied successfully to improve the rmmunogenicity of (poly)saccharides (2, 3). We now know that the carrier proteins ensure the involvement of T-helper lymphocytes in the activation of the haptenor polysaccharide-specific antibody producing B lymphocytes (Fig. 1). In contrast to small molecules or haptens, polysaccharides (or other macromolecules with a repeating structure) are able to induce an immune response, most likely by directly activating B lymphocytes. Antigens that are able to induce an immune response without the involvement of T-helper lymphocytes are named TI (thymus independent) antigens (4) (Table 1). TI-2 antigens, such as plain polysaccharides, are not able to activate relatively immature B-cells. This is in contrast to TI-1 antigens, which can activate immature B-cells because of their mitogenic activity. Lipopolysaccharides are examples of TI-1 antigens. T-cells with specificity for saccharide structures that are recognized in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MMC) structures have never been found nor described; binding to MHC and stimulation of T-cells appears to be limited to peptides. The findings of T-cell regulation of the immune response against polysaccharides (5-7) without biochemical demonstration of the specificity of the molecular interactions can best be explained by assuming a role for antiidiotypic antibodies and T-cells.
Low-cost, multispectral imaging mini-microscope for longitudinal oximetry in small animals. (2019)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text V. J. Ochoa, P. C. Konda, J. Reboud, A. R. Harvey, and J. M. Cooper, "Low-cost, multispectral imaging mini-microscope for longitudinal oximetry in small animals.," in Frontiers in Optics + Laser Science APS/DLS, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2019), paper JTu4A.95. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article