gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Electrooptic Microring Resonator-Based ROADM for Wafer Scale Optical Interconnects (2009)

Pairing high-quality factor (Q) silicon-on-insulator microring resonators with rapidly tunable organic electrooptic claddings has allowed the first demonstration of a silicon-organic hybrid electro optic reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM). A coplanar electrode geometry provides up to 0.36 GHz/V of electrooptic voltage tuning for each channel, corresponding to an electrooptic coefficient of r33 = 64 pm/V at wavelengths around 1550 nm. Individual ring resonator devices have 40-μm ring radii, 2.7-nm free spectral range, and tuning ranges of 180 GHz. The 1× 4× 1 ROADM has a footprint of less than 1 mm2 and has been shown to reconfigure in less than a microsecond. © 2009 IEEE.
Antitumour imidazotetrazines. Synthesis and chemistry of 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroimidazo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine-8-carboxamide (nor-temozolomide): an intermediate for the preparation of the antitumour drug temozolomide and analogues, avoiding the use of isocyanates (2012)

An efficient synthesis of 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroimidazo[5,1-d][1,2,3,5]tetrazine-8-carboxamide (nor-temozolomide) and in situ generation of the anion of nor-temozolomide from an N-3-hydroxymethyl derivative of temozolomide are reported. Alkylation of the anion of nor-temozolomide with methyl iodide gave a new route to temozolomide avoiding the use of methyl isocyanate. A series of new 3-substituted analogues of temozolomide were also prepared by electrophilic substitution of the nor-temozolomide anion but this approach is so far restricted to certain electrophiles.
Novel agonist of GDNF family ligand receptor RET for the treatment of experimental neuropathy (2016)

Abstract Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition caused by lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs) alleviate symptoms of NP and stimulate regeneration of sensory neurons in vivo . Here we report the development of the compound BT18 that selectively activates GFLreceptors, alleviates pain and restores damaged dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in rat models of NP. Significance statement Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic syndrome caused by different diseases and lesions affecting nervous system. Earlier studies demonstrated that neurotrophic factors - the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and artemin - could reverse the damage done by lesions in animal models of NP. We demonstrate for the first time that a small molecule can activate receptor of GDNF and artemin, it alleviates pain symptoms in vivo in two animal models of NP and restores to normal the molecular markers expressed in sensory neurons. This compound, termed BT18, can pave way for creating novel disease modifying therapies for NP.
Depth resolved detection of lipid using spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (2013)

Optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) can identify key components related to plaque vulnerability but can suffer from artifacts that could prevent accurate identification of lipid rich regions. In this paper, we present a model of depth resolved spectral analysis of OFDI data for improved detection of lipid. A quadratic Discriminant analysis model was developed based on phantom compositions known chemical mixtures and applied to a tissue phantom of a lipid-rich plaque. We demonstrate that a combined spectral and attenuation model can be used to predict the presence of lipid in OFDI images.
The microarchitecture of FPGA-based soft processors (2005)

As more embedded systems are built using FPGA platforms, there is an increasing need to support processors in FPGAs. One option is the soft processor, a programmable instruction processor implemented in the reconfigurable logic of the FPGA. Commercial soft processors have been widely deployed, and hence we are motivated to understand their microarchitecture. We must re-evaluate microarchiteture in the soft processor context because an FPGA platform is significantly different than an ASIC platform---for example, the relative speed of memory and logic is quite different in the two platforms, as is the area cost. In this paper we present an infrastructure for rapidly generating RTL models of soft processors, as well as a methodology for measuring their area, performance, and power. Using our automatically-generated soft processors we explore the microarchitecture trade-off space including: (i) hardware vs software multiplication support; (ii) shifter implementations; and (iii) pipeline depth, organization, and forwarding. For example, we find that a 3-stage pipeline has better wall-clock-time performance than deeper pipelines, despite lower clock frequency. We also compare our designs to Altera's NiosII commercial soft processor variations and find that our automatically generated designs span the design space while remaining very competitive.
Supplementary Table 1 from STING Ligand c-di-GMP Improves Cancer Vaccination against Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 62K, Table S1A: Effect of c-di-GMP on immune cells in 4T1 tumors. Table S1B: Effect of c-di-GMP on immune cells in spleens of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Table S1C: Effect of c-di-GMP on immune cells in lymph nodes of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of thermal stress distribution for TSV with novel structure (2014)

Through Silicon Via (TSV) plays a key role in accomplishing 3D IC integration. In most common approaches, TSV is filled with copper. Due to large mismatch in Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE) between the copper via and the silicon of TSV, significant thermal stresses will be induced at the interfaces of Cu/dielectric layer (usually SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and dielectric layer/Si, which would lead to various reliability and electrical performance issues. As a solution, a novel structure TSV (Annular-Trench-Isolated TSV: ATI TSV) was proposed to optimize the thermal stress distribution. A ring of Si is remained between Cu and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> during print process. The better thermal properties of ATI TSV was revealed by Finite Element Method simulation. The thermal stress level of ATI TSV is compared to most common cylindrical TSV (regular TSV) and annular TSV. Due to the large CTE mismatch between copper and silicon, the stress is concentrated at the interface of Cu/Si inside TSV under thermal load. In case of 5 μm TSV diameter, thermal stress with level of less than 30 MPa is achieved in silicon substrate of ATI TSV with 80% reduction comparing to regular TSV. The silicon ring thickness is constant as 1 μm in this study. With downsizing TSV diameter, the volume ratio of silicon ring to copper core increases. Therefore, the effect of stress concentration at the interface of Cu/Si inside TSV enhanced with TSV scaling down. Further reducation of stress in silicon substrate can be achieved by thicken silicon ring in ATI TSV.
Adiposity as a cause of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study (2015)

Using MR methods, we provide support for the hypothesis that adiposity causes CHD, heart failure and, previously not demonstrated, ischaemic stroke.
Side-Pumped Eyesafe Laser (2004)

Experiments have been conducted with an Er:Yb:glass rod pumped transversely with a single InGaAs strained-layer laser diode bar emitting at 950 nm. Direct coupling as well as microlens coupling of the pumping beam to the gain medium have been tested. A 14.7 % slope efficiency has been achieved in fixed-Q operation, with the threshold occurring at 74 mJ of input energy. The output pulse energy at 1.53 μm reached a maximum of 20 mJ at an incident pumping energy of 210 mJ.
Ligand‐Promoted C(sp3)−H Olefination en Route to Multi‐functionalized Pyrazoles (2016)

A Pd-catalyzed/N-heterocycle-directed C(sp(3) )-H olefination has been developed. The monoprotected amino acid ligand (MPAA) is found to significantly promote Pd-catalyzed C(sp(3) )-H olefination for the first time. Cu(OAc)2 instead of Ag(+) salts are used as the terminal oxidant. This reaction provides a useful method for the synthesis of alkylated pyrazoles.
An analog turbo decoder for an (8,4) product code (2004)

This paper illustrates how analog circuitry can be used to decode turbo and turbo-like codes. For ease of exposition, the focus is on a simple two dimensional product code comprised of a 2 by 2 array of (3,2) single parity check codes. It is shown that the heart of the decoder is a soft exclusive-or operation which is easily implemented in analog as a modified Gilbert multiplier. Finally, a complete decoder design is presented which is capable of achieving throughput on the order of hundreds of Mbps.
The physiological connection: stimulating the human and amphibian retina (2002)

To explore the feasibility of an intraocular visual prosthesis for the restoration of sight in blind individuals the authors have performed electrical stimulation experiments in alert human subjects and in amphibian retina preparations. Subjects were legally blind from retinitis pigmentosa or age-related macular degeneration, in whom a substantial fraction of inner retinal cells is thought to remain functional. Data from 11 subjects are presented. All experienced localized visual percepts, and resolution if tested, was on the order of 1/spl deg/ to 2/spl deg/, suggesting the feasibility of at least ambulatory vision. Data from both human and animal subjects indicate that more than one cell type can be stimulated, and that selective stimulation of a particular cell type may be possible. The authors argue that a straightforward image processing and stimulus delivery system may suffice for the production of pixelized prosthetic vision, and that supervised learning of the human recipient will be more important than that of the prosthesis.
Analysis of Massive MIMO Wireless Channel Characteristics (2013)

본 논문에서는 massive MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) 시스템의 채널 특성 분석을 위해, 3차원 레이트레이싱 기반 무선 채널 시뮬레이터인 Wireless Insite를 이용하여, 마이크로셀 환경에서 수평으로 선형 배열된 4개와 128개의 이중 편파 안테나 (dual polarized antenna)로 구성된 송신 배열 안테나 시스템의 각도 확산(angular spread), 교차 편파 식별도(cross polarization discrimination, XPD), 그리고 지연 확산(delay spread) 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 및 분석을 통해 128개의 안테나 원소로 구성된 massive MIMO 시스템의 각도확산과 지연 확산은 4개의 안테나 원소로 구성된 MIMO 시스템 보다 작아지고 교차 편파 식별도는 커진다는 것을 확인하였다. In this paper, wireless channel characteristics of massive MIMO system is analyzed by comparing angular spread, cross polarization discrimination(XPD) and delay spread of dual polarized 4 and 128 transmit array antenna systems, by using 3D rat-tracing simulator, Wireless Insite in microcell environments. The analysis shows that increasing the number of transmit antennas results in the smaller angular spread and delay spread, and the higher value of XPD.
Solid-State Extrusion of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Nascent Powder. (2002)

Poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) nascent powder was drawn by solid-state extrusion to extrusion draw ratios (EDR) ≤ 100 in the temperature (Te) range of 100~340°C, which covers the Tg(125 °C) and the ambient Tm(334°C). At a given Te, the maximum achievable EDR (EDRmax) increased with increasing shear rate (γ) and hence extrusion rate (Ve), reaching a maximum at a γ of 1 ˜ 4×104/min (V e of 300 ˜ 600 cm/minjdepending on the Te, and at yet higher γ's, the EDRmax decreased rapidly due to the formation of flaws. At a given γ, the EDRmax increased with increasing Te up to a Te =340°C. At Te's >340°C, the drawability was lost due to melting. The structure and properties of extruded products were complexly affected by the extrusion variables. Thus, the oriented rods having crystalline chain orientation function fc of 0.75˜0.96 and flexural modulus Ef of 7.5 ˜ 15 GPa at 24°C could be obtained by extrusion at an optimum Te of 340°C and a Ve of 1˜1000 cm/min (γ of 1×10˜1×105/min). These results show that nascent PTFE powder could be solid-state extruded at remarkably higher Ve's than other polymers, reflecting the less entangled morphology of the nascent powder and the high ductility of a PTFE crystal due to the week intermolecular interaction.
Papr Minimization Through Spatio-Temporal Symbol-Level Precoding for the Non-Linear Multi-User MISO Channel (2018)

Symbol-level precoding (SLP) is a promising technique which allows to constructively exploit the multi-user interference in the downlink of multiple antenna systems. Recently, this approach has also been used in the context of non-linear systems for reducing the instantaneous power imbalances among the antennas. However, previous works have not exploited SLP to improve the dynamic properties of the waveforms in the temporal dimension, which are fundamental for non-linear systems. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a novel precoding method, referred to as spatio-temporal SLP, which minimizes the peak-to-average power ratio of the transmitted waveforms both in the spatial and in the temporal dimensions, while at the same time exploiting the constructive interference effect. Numerical results are presented to highlight the enhanced performance of the proposed scheme with respect to state of the art SLP techniques, in terms of power distribution and symbol error rate over non-linear channels.
Spectrum sharing between WiFi and radio astronomy (2016)

The proliferation of wireless local area network also known as WiFi system has enabled easy wireless information access for consumers. However, it also causes radio frequency interference (RFI) to passive wireless systems such as radio astronomy systems (RAS), making almost impossible to get useful scientific observations around the WiFi bands. This paper proposes a new paradigm for the coexistence between WiFi and RAS. The proposed approach creates a coexistence access zone (CAZ) around the RAS site within which WiFi and RAS follow a pre-determined time-division spectrum access. Two modified WiFi medium access control (MAC) protocols are developed to embed the time-division coexistence access. Furthermore, traffic statistics based improved spectrum access is developed. Performance evaluation results show that at the cost of slight WiFi throughput reduction, RAS achieves substantial RFI-free spectrum access which were infeasible in the existing paradigm.
Optimization of an Electric Vehicle Traction Motor with a PM Flux Intensifying Stator and a Reluctance Outer Rotor (2023)

This paper proposes a novel electric motor concept using stator-embedded phase coils and permanent magnets (PM). A unique pattern of phase coil placement in separate slots using concentrated windings is employed. High flux intensification is achieved using low remanence and non-rare-earth permanent magnets in a spoke-type field arrangement. The exterior rotor has no active electromagnetic component thereby achieving a simple reluctance type configuration. The principle of operation is based on the concept of virtual work with closed-form analytical airgap flux density distributions. Preliminary parametric design studies followed by large scale multi-objective optimization were carried out using electromagnetic FEA to study the geometric impacts of the proposed design as well as the best trade-off between torque, total loss, torque ripple and power factor. Comparative metrics including indices for flux concentration, goodness of excitation, machine goodness, and torque per weight (TRW) indicate competitive performance with PM synchronous designs employing expensive and critical supply rare-earth PMs as well as other state-of-the art high power density traction motors. The proposed novel design considers a 10in outer rotor diameter with a target torque of 370Nm at a base speed of 3,000rpm. The efficiency map of the proposed design also provides insight into its performance at constant torque and constant power regions within the considered torque-speed envelope.
Oxygen Content Determined by Acrylamide Polymerization (1979)

Many investigators have endeavored to accurately measure oxygen content produced or consumed from substrates or tissues. Most of the techniques currently available are time consuming or exceedingly complex. Many require expensive apparatus and demand the skills of a highly trained technician. We have developed a rapid and sensitive method of measuring oxygen content or consumption. This method is based upon the time for polymerization of acrylamide gels. The time of acrylamide polymerization is directly proportional to the oxygen content of the test medium. We have used this method to generate oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves which closely resemble those published by Severinghaus and Duvelleroy, as well as those we determined by the conventional Van Slyke analysis. We have also used this method to measure the oxygen consumption of tumor cells and to evaluate the effects of Actinomycin, cyclohexamide and cytosine arabinoside on Walker 256 ascites tumor. The results correlate with the known in vivo effects of these drugs on this tumor cell line. Therefore, because of its sensitivity and adaptability this method may be useful in a variety of clinical and biological situations.
Captured open book image de-warping using depth information (2015)

In this work, we discuss the use of depth information to correct the distortion due to the curved shape of the pages of an open book in captured images. This work is relevant to camera-based capture devices that can use a projector to cast structured light patterns to provide depth information. In order to improve the visual quality of captured documents, we use 3D shape reconstruction methods and geometric rectification to flatten the curvature of an open book. Shading correction is applied to the captured image, as well. Our models exploit specific prior assumptions about the nature of the printed material that is captured. The improvement in captured open book images obtained by using our method can be observed in the included experimental results.
Cilostazol is anti‐inflammatory in BV2 microglial cells by inactivating nuclear factor‐kappaB and inhibiting mitogen‐activated protein kinases (2010)

Our results demonstrate that suppression of the NF-kappaB, ERK, JNK signalling pathways may inhibit LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) production. Therefore, cilostazol may have therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokine production in activated microglia.
Plasticizers for Protein‐Based Materials (2016)

This study presents a practical approach to select plasticizers for proteins. It is a case study on thermoformed wheat gluten, considered here as a model protein, and it involved 30 plasticizer candidates. The approach consisted of selecting plasticisers (30 wt%) based on visual examination, rheological and molding behavior of the dough, and finally tensile data. There was no unique relationship between the torque behavior of the dough and the mechanical properties of the films. Nevertheless, the extensibility and dough analysis indicated that the most promising plasticizers were as follows: glycerol, linear glycols, ethanol amines, diols, and trimethylolpropane. Further, considering also the stiffness, it was concluded that the most efficient plasticisers were those that contained three hydroxyl groups and the linear glycols of intermediate size. Out of those, glycerol stood out as having the highest extensibility and lowest stiffness and strength. In an attempt to predict the mechanical properties of the films based on several physical data of the compounds, it was observed that there was a weak nonlinear relationship between the stiffness/strength and the size (molecular weight/molar volume), polarity and molar refractivity of the compound. The stiffness/strength decreased with an increase in these physical parameters.
A control strategy for merging a single vehicle into a platoon at highway on-ramps (2022)

An important topic of research regarding cooperative platoons is merging vehicles into a platoon at highway on-ramps. This paper proposes a control strategy for the merging of a single cooperative automated vehicle into a platoon of vehicles at highway on-ramps. The proposed strategy can handle large differences in initial positions and velocities, sensor noise, and disturbances caused by the platoon leader. Furthermore, the required controller transitions are designed such that the switch between regular platooning and the merging maneuver can easily be made by all vehicles. The proposed strategy is validated using simulations. In the simulation environment communication delays, sensor noise, and disturbances of the platoon leader have been included. The proposed strategy is compared to a traditional strategy and shows a clear improvement in terms of noise handling. Furthermore, the proposed strategy behaves satisfactory considering safety, efficiency, passenger comfort, and disturbance handling.
MICROFABRICATED ELECTRODYNAMIC WIRELESS POWER RECEIVER FOR BIO-IMPLANTS AND WEARABLES (2018)

This paper reports the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of a microfabricated receiver as part of an electrodynamic wireless power transmission (EWPT) system. This system differs from inductively coupled wireless power transmission (WPT) by employing low-frequency (<1 kHz) magnetic fields to deliver power over 10's of cm to multiple compact receivers in a cluttered environment. Herein we report the first-ever, chip-scale microfabricated EWPT receiver, which can output 2.5 mW of power under a 744 Hz, 550 Tpk ac magnetic field (equivalent to 20 cm transmission distance). Compared to a previously reported prototype, the microfabricated device is 14.5x smaller (0.55 cm 3 vs. 8 cm 3 ), and offers a 2.1x increase in power density (4.6 mW/cm 3 vs. 2.2 mW/cm 3 ).
Dreams of Greatness (2016)

This chapter details the birth of the pharmaceutical industry, whose roots trace back more than six millennia. While modern society struggles with opiate addiction, the problem is centuries old and fostered a literal trade war in the form of the Opium Wars of the 19<sup>th</sup> century and whose scars still muddle international relations of China with the West today. During this same time period, improvements in understanding opium facilitated the discovery of new and more potent products that nurtured modern companies such as Merck &amp; Co. Perhaps no other discovery has impacted the industry or public health as much as antibiotics and we trace the history of these medicines and debunk misunderstandings and misattributions associated with their discovery. The impact of antibiotics was propelled by the Second World War, which also gave rise to the first treatments for cancer when two top-secret projects, one at Yale and another resulting from an audacious raid by the Luftwaffe upon an Italian port town, unexpectedly revealed the life-saving implications of mustard gas. Finally, we relate the triumphant and turbulent relationships that gave rise to the discoveyr of insulin and its widespread distribution by a paragon of “ethical pharmaceuticals”, Eli Lilly &amp; Company.