gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation and functional analysis of defective viral genomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection (2022)

Defective viral genomes (DVGs) are ubiquitously generated in many RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Their interference activity to full-length viruses and IFN stimulation provide them the potential for novel antiviral therapies and vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 DVGs are generated through the recombination of two discontinuous genomic fragments by viral polymerase complex and the recombination is also one of the major mechanisms for the emergence of new coronaviruses. Focusing on the generation and function of SARS-CoV-2 DVGs, these studies identify new hotspots for non-homologous recombination and strongly suggest that the secondary structures within viral genomes mediate the recombination. Furthermore, these studies provide the first evidence for IFN stimulation activity of <i>de novo</i> DVGs during natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings set up the foundation for further mechanism studies of SARS-CoV-2 recombination and provide the evidence to harness DVGsâ€™ immunostimulatory potential in the development of vaccine and antivirals for SARS-CoV-2.
5G Multi-Band Numerology-Based TDD RAN Slicing for Throughput and Latency Sensitive Services (2021)

This paper extensively examines the impact of the numerology schemes on a sliced TDD radio access network. The slices are multiplexed over both the sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands. The incorporation of numerology schemes into network slicing, the impact of which has yet to be explored, will be highly instrumental in realizing the future 5G and 6G networks. Thus, this work demonstrates the enhanced capabilities of sliced networks utilizing numerology. To that end, two optimization problems are formulated, one to maximize the downlink average spectral efficiency of a throughput-sensitive slice, and the other to minimize the uplink transmission power of the users of the latency-sensitive slice. This work optimizes key parameters such as duplex ratio, numerology scheme and optimally allocates power and bandwidth under numerology-enabled slicing. The comparative analyses highlight that for high-throughput applications, lower numerology schemes are significantly more spectrally efficient and can often achieve throughputs characteristic of higher schemes. On the other hand, the higher schemes are the best choice for the minimization of user transmission power and latency, which are crucial in energy-efficient communications and edge computing applications, respectively.
α-Diazoacetophenone (2001)

[3282-32-4] C8H6N2O (MW 146.16) InChI = 1S/C8H6N2O/c9-10-6-8(11)7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-6H InChIKey = ZSTBZBURMWJKSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (precursor to carbenes and carbenoids;2 reagent for preparation of sulfonium,3 oxonium,4 and pyridinium5 ylides; 1,3 dipole for heterocycle synthesis;6 reagent for Lewis acid or transition metal-mediated insertion reactions;7 reagent for cyclopropanation of alkenes8 and for aromatic annulation9) Physical Data: pale yellow rods, mp 49–50 °C. Solubility: sol ether, THF; slightly sol pentane. Form Supplied in: not commercially available. Preparative Method: an improved method of synthesis of diazo ketones has been recently published, via acylation of the lithium enolate of the ketone with 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl Trifluoroacetate and subsequent reaction with Methanesulfonyl Azide.10 Alternatively, acylation of diazomethane with aroyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine provides a general method for the synthesis of aromatic diazo ketones.11 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: diazoacetophenone is a skin irritant; therefore direct contact should be avoided. Diazoacetophenone has shown microbial mutagenicity.
The Relationship of the Silicon Surface Roughness and Gate Oxide Integrity in NH4OH/H2O2 Mixtures (1992)

In this study some recent findings on the cleaning action of the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 (SC1) step in a pre-gate oxidation cleaning (RCA cleaning) are given. An important parameter in this mixture is the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 ratio. The Fe contamination on the silicon surface after this cleaning step is found to increase upon decreasing the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 ratio. This can be attributed to the incorporation of Fe in the chemical oxide, grown by the hydrogen peroxide. The particle removal efficiency of the cleaning step is found to decrease upon decreasing the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 ratio. On the other hand, using a lower NH 4 OH concentration results in a less severe silicon surface roughening. It is demonstrated in this study that the NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 ratio during the SC1 step of the cleaning is the determining parameter for the breakdown properties of a gate oxide. A (0.25/1/5) NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 /H 2 O mixture at 75°C in our experimental conditions is suggested to be the best compromise between particle removal and surface roughness during the SC1 step.
Transforming Human-Centered AI Collaboration: Redefining Embodied Agents Capabilities through Interactive Grounded Language Instructions (2023)

Human intelligence's adaptability is remarkable, allowing us to adjust to new tasks and multi-modal environments swiftly. This skill is evident from a young age as we acquire new abilities and solve problems by imitating others or following natural language instructions. The research community is actively pursuing the development of interactive "embodied agents" that can engage in natural conversations with humans and assist them with real-world tasks. These agents must possess the ability to promptly request feedback in case communication breaks down or instructions are unclear. Additionally, they must demonstrate proficiency in learning new vocabulary specific to a given domain. In this paper, we made the following contributions: (1) a crowd-sourcing tool for collecting grounded language instructions; (2) the largest dataset of grounded language instructions; and (3) several state-of-the-art baselines. These contributions are suitable as a foundation for further research.
1.047-μm Yb:Sr/sub 5/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/F energy storage optical amplifier (1995)

The pumping and gain properties of Yb/sup 3+/-doped Sr/sub 5/(PO/sub 4/)/sub 3/F (Yb:S-FAP) are reported. Using a tunable, free running 900-nm Cr:LiSAF oscillator as a pump source for a Yb:S-FAP rod, the saturation fluence for pumping was measured to be 2.2 J/cm/sup 2/ based on either the spatial, temporal, or energy transmission properties of the Yb:S-FAP rod. The emission peak of Yb:S-FAP (1047.5 nm in air) is shown to overlap with that of Nd:YLiF/sub 4/ (Nd:YLF) to within 0.1 nm, rendering Yb:S-FAP suitable as an effective power amplifier for Nd:YLF oscillators. The small signal gain, under varying pumping conditions, was measured with a cw Nd:YLF probe laser. These measurements implied emission cross sections of 6.0/spl times/10/sup -20/ and 1.5/spl times/10/sup -20/ cm/sup 2/ for /spl pi/ and /spl sigma/ polarized light. Respectively, which fall within the error limits of the previously reported values of 7.3/spl times/10/sup -20/ and 1.4/spl times/10/sup -20/ cm/sup 2/ for /spl pi/ and /spl sigma/ polarized light, obtained from purely spectroscopic techniques. The effects of radiation trapping on the emission lifetime have been quantified and have been shown to lead to emission lifetimes as long as 1.7 ms, for large optically dense crystals. This is substantially larger than the measured intrinsic lifetime of 1.10 ms. Yb:S-FAP crystal boules up to 25/spl times/25/spl times/175 mm in size, which were grown for the above experiments and were found to have acceptable loss characteristics (>
Visual math (1980)

article Free Access Share on Visual math: a fantasy for the future of education Authors: Ralph Abraham University of California at Santa Cruz University of California at Santa CruzView Profile , Peter Broadwell University of California at Santa Cruz University of California at Santa CruzView Profile , Erian Beach University of California at Santa Cruz University of California at Santa CruzView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCUE OutlookVolume 14Issue 1January 1980 pp 2–10https://doi.org/10.1145/964068.964069Published:01 January 1980Publication History 0citation257DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads257Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Effects of Mirtogenol on ocular blood flow and intraocular hypertension in asymptomatic subjects. (2008)

An improved ocular blood flow may contribute to the prevention of glaucoma. The results of this study indicate that Mirtogenol may represent a safe preventative intervention for lowering the risk for developing symptomatic glaucoma by controlling IOP and improving ocular blood flow.
Elektrosynthesen. Strom doppelt genutzt: Erste technische „Paired Electrosynthesis” (1999)

Abstract Eine neue Elektrosynthese erfüllt erstmals den Traum der Elektrochemiker, gleichzeitig Anoden‐ und Kathodenreaktion für organische Synthesen technisch zu nutzen.
Laser Doppler imaging vibrometer for real-time health monitoring of civil infrastructures (2022)

Active vibration monitoring of civil structures provides a basis for the assessment of their actual health status and advanced warning of potential structural deficiency. This paper discusses the wirelessly networked beam-array Laser Doppler Imaging Vibrometer (LDIV) for non-contact evaluation of civil infrastructures. The measured time domain data on structure spatial displacement and velocity serves as an input for various operational modal analysis algorithms and eventually for detection and localization of the potentially defected area. Essential for LDIV system effectiveness in structural health monitoring is the capability of its operational software in real time processing of the collected data.
Breathing mode dynamics of coupled three-dimensional chiral bobbers (2022)

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) magnetic textures have moved into the focus of spintronics as both technologically relevant and physically intriguing on a fundamental level. A rich variety of 3D textures is currently being investigated; however, their unambiguous experimental detection and detailed study remains challenging. In this work, a new type of chiral 3D spin-texture, consisting of two antiferromagnetically coupled Néel bobbers, is explored. The static properties of this structure depend on the chirality of the individual bobbers. Different chirality combinations are studied with regard to their phase stability regions by micromagnetic simulations and compared to antiferromagnetically coupled skyrmion tubes. Furthermore, the coupled internal breathing modes are investigated by application of a periodically alternating external magnetic field. The breathing modes of each studied system possess a unique fingerprint, which might allow for the identification of the resonating spin textures via their dispersion curves.
The importin/karyopherin Kap114 mediates the nuclear import of TATA-binding protein (1999)

Two high copy suppressors of temperature-sensitive TATA-binding protein (TBP) mutants were isolated. One suppressor was TIF51A, which encodes eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. The other high copy suppressor, YGL241W, also known as KAP114, is one of 14 importin/karyopherin proteins in yeast. These proteins mediate the transport of specific macromolecules into and out of the nucleus. Cells lacking Kap114 partially mislocalize TBP to the cytoplasm. Kap114 binds TBP in vitro, and binding is disrupted in the presence of GTPgammaS. Therefore, Kap114 is an importer of TBP into the nucleus, but alternative import pathways must also exist.
Chemoselective reduction and oxidation of ketones in water through control of the electron transfer pathway (2015)

The selective synthesis of different products from the same starting materials in water, which is the most abundant solvent in nature, is a crucial issue as it maximizes the utilization of materials. Realizing such reactions for ketones is of considerable importance because numerous organic functionalities can be obtained via nucleophilic addition reactions. Herein, we report chemoselective reduction and oxidation reactions of 1,2-diketones in water, which initiates anionic electron transfer from the inorganic electride [Ca24Al28O64](4+)·4e(-), through controlling the pathway of the electrons to substrates. The generation of different radical species for transient intermediates was the key process required to control the reaction selectivity, which was achieved by reacting the anionic electrons with either diketones or O2, leading to the formation of ketyl dianion and superoxide radicals in the reduction and oxidation reactions, respectively. This methodology that utilizes electrides may provide an alternative to the pulse radiolysis of water in synthetic chemistry.
Prediction of Misfolding-Specific Epitopes in SOD1 Using Collective Coordinates (2018)

We introduce a global, collective coordinate bias into molecular dynamics simulations that partially unfolds a protein, in order to predict misfolding-specific epitopes based on the regions that locally unfold. Several metrics are used to measure local disorder, including solvent exposed surface area (SASA), native contacts ( Q), and root mean squared fluctuations (RMSF). The method is applied to Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). For this protein, the processes of monomerization, metal loss, and conformational unfolding due to microenvironmental stresses are all separately taken into account. Several misfolding-specific epitopes are predicted, and consensus epitopes are calculated. These predicted epitopes are consistent with the "lower-resolution" peptide sequences used to raise disease-specific antibodies, but the epitopes derived from collective coordinates contain shorter, more refined sequences for the key residues constituting the epitope.
Nanophotonic Devices Based on Planar Photonic Crystals (2003)

Photonic Crystals, man-made periodic structures with a high refractive index contrast modulation, have recently become very interesting platform for the manipulation of light. The existence of a photonic bandgap, a frequency range in which propagation of light is prevented in all directions, makes photonic crystals very useful in applications where spatial localization of light is required. Ideally, by making a three-dimensional photonic crystal, propagation of light in all three dimensions can be controlled. Since fabrication of 3-D structures is still a difficult process, a more appealing approach is based on the use of lower dimensional photonic crystals. A concept that has recently attracted a lot of attention is a planar photonic crystal based on a dielectric membrane, suspended in the air, and perforated with a two-dimensional lattice of holes. In this thesis theoretical and experimental study of planar photonic crystal nanolasers, waveguides and super-dispersive elements is presented. Room temperature operation of low-threshold nanolaser is demonstrated, both in air and in different chemical solutions. For the first time, we have demonstrated that photonic crystal nanocavity lasers can be used to perform spectroscopic tests on ultra-small volumes of analyte. Our porous cavity design permits the introduction of analyte directly into the high optical field of the laser cavity, and therefore it is ideally suited for the investigation of interaction between light and matter on a nanoscale level. We showed that small changes in refractive index of the ambient surrounding the laser can be detected by observing the shifts in emission wavelengths of the laser. Our lasers can be integrated into large arrays to permit the analysis of many reagents at the same time. The nanolasers can also be integrated with photonic crystal waveguides to form the integrated systems of higher complexities. Theoretical and experimental investigation of various photonic crystal waveguide designs is discussed. Details of the fabrication procedure used to realize nanophotonic devices in silicon on insulator as well as InGaAsP materials are presented.
(QC Themes) Type-Two Quantum Computing in PBG-Based Cavities for Efficient Simulation of Lattice Gas Dynamics (2008)

Abstract : The key challenge in this project was to realize a high-quality PBG structure in a crystalline thin film of diamond. This task proved to be extremely difficult, due to severe constraints. Significant technical hurdles in the context of lithography have to be overcome before a PBG based QC can be realized in NVD. The most promising approach would be to use the polished single crystal and would require research into developing techniques for polishing diamond, and incorporating such a film into E-beam lithography, as outlined at the end of this report. We have also pursued several other lines of work, resulting in demonstrations of complimentary technologies for realizing a QC. These include (a) arbitrary pattern lithography, using atomic interferometry, (b) a QC architecture using atomic ensembles as quantum bits, (c) ultra-low power non-linear optic effects in a tapered nanofiber, as an enabling technology for optically linking ensemble-based quantum bits, and (d) suppression of driver phase correlated fluctuations in the rotation of a quantum bit. Support from this grant led to two Ph.D. theses, and a total of 21 publications, including 5 journal papers.
Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management (2020)

Indexed:EmBase, Scopus and the Elsevier Bibliographic databases American Chemical Society's Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)PubMedISSN 1176-6336 (Print)ISSN 1178-203X (Online)An international, peer-reviewed journal of clinical therapeutics and risk management, focusing on concise rapid reporting of clinical studies in all therapeutic areas, outcomes, safety, and programs for the effective, safe, and sustained use of medicines.Key benefitsConcise rapid reportingClinical studiesSafetyAims and scopeThe journal will explore the evidence and opinion behind new and existing therapies and, importantly, will seek to define their usage in terms of ultimate uptake and acceptance by the patient and health care professional.Subject areas include:Clinical studies throughout the drug development process (clinical trials, pharmacodynamic, kinetic reports), including individual compounds, combinations, and new formulationsSafety and post-marketing surveillance studiesOutcomes studies and economic analyses of drug treatment and disease, including modelingDrug management of specific diseases, clinical guidelines, formulary management, and drug utilization reviewsRisk management programsPatient and health education programs and studiesCompliance, concordance, and persistency studiesHealth literacy studies and surveysThese areas are addressed through:Original research (full papers and concise rapid reports)ReviewsSystematic reviews of individual new or important drugs where a change in therapeutic management of a disease may be indicatedExpert opinion and commentary
Intimal smooth muscle cells are a source but not a sensor of anti-inflammatory CYP450 derived oxylipins (2015)

Vascular pathologies are associated with changes in the presence and expression of morphologically distinct vascular smooth muscle cells. In particular, in complex human vascular lesions and models of disease in pigs and rodents, an intimal smooth muscle cell (iSMC) which exhibits a stable epithelioid or rhomboid phenotype in culture is often found to be present in high numbers, and may represent the reemergence of a distinct developmental vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. The CYP450-oxylipin - soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathway is currently of great interest in targeting for cardiovascular disease. sEH inhibitors limit the development of hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation in animal models. We have investigated the expression of CYP450-oxylipin-sEH pathway enzymes and their metabolites in paired intimal (iSMC) and medial (mSMC) cells isolated from rat aorta. iSMC basally released significantly larger amounts of epoxy-oxylipin CYP450 products from eicosapentaenoic acid > docosahexaenoic acid > arachidonic acid > linoleic acid, and expressed higher levels of CYP2C12, CYP2B1, but not CYP2J mRNA compared to mSMC. When stimulated with the pro-inflammatory TLR4 ligand LPS, epoxy-oxylipin production did not change greatly in iSMC. In contrast, LPS induced epoxy-oxylipin products in mSMC and induced CYP2J4. iSMC and mSMC express sEH which metabolizes primary epoxy-oxylipins to their dihydroxy-counterparts. The sEH inhibitors TPPU or AUDA inhibited LPS-induced NFκB activation and iNOS induction in mSMC, but had no effect on NFκB nuclear localization or inducible nitric oxide synthase in iSMC; effects which were recapitulated in part by addition of authentic epoxy-oxylipins. iSMCs are a rich source but not a sensor of anti-inflammatory epoxy-oxylipins. Complex lesions that contain high levels of iSMCs may be more resistant to the protective effects of sEH inhibitors.
A biomimetic tissue from cultured normal human urothelial cells: analysis of physiological function (2005)

The urinary bladder and associated tract is lined by the urothelium. Once considered as just an impermeable epithelium, it is becoming evident that the urothelium not only functions as a volume-accommodating urinary barrier but has additional roles, including sensory signaling. Lack of access to normal human urothelium has hampered physiological investigation, and although cell culture systems have been developed, there has been a failure to demonstrate that normal human urothelial (NHU) cells grown in vitro retain the capacity to form a functional differentiated urothelium. The aim of this study was to develop a biomimetic human urothelium from NHU cell cultures. Urothelial cells isolated from normal human urothelium and serially propagated as monolayers in serum-free culture were homogeneous and adopted a proliferative, nondifferentiated phenotype. In the presence of serum and physiological concentrations of calcium, these cells could be reproducibly induced to form stratified urothelia consisting of basal, intermediate, and superficial cells, with differential expression of cytokeratins and superficial tight junctions. Functionally, the neotissues showed characteristics of native urothelium, including high transepithelial electrical resistance of >3,000 Omega.cm(2), apical membrane-restricted amiloride-sensitive sodium ion channels, basal expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and low diffusive permeability to urea, water, and dextran. This model represents major progress in developing a biomimetic human urothelial culture model to explore molecular and functional relationships in normal and dysfunctional bladder physiology.
Die Bildung von Nanopartikeln und Nanostrukturen – CaCO3, Zement und Polymere aus Sicht der Industrie (2014)

Abstract Nanotechnologie ermöglicht die Herstellung von Materialien mit hervorragenden Leistungscharakteristika. Ein Schlüsselelement der Nanotechnologie ist die Fähigkeit, Materie auf der Nanoskala zu manipulieren und zu steuern, um einen gewünschten Mix aus spezifischen Eigenschaften zu erhalten. Hier stellen wir jüngste Erkenntnisse zu den Bildungsmechanismen von anorganischen Nanopartikeln im Rahmen von Fällungsreaktionen vor. Am Beispiel von Calciumcarbonat beschreiben wir die verschiedenen Zwischenstufen, die auf dem Weg von den gelösten Ionen bis zu stabilen Makrokristallen auftreten können – einschließlich gelöster Ionencluster, flüssiger Phasen, amorpher Zustände und Nanopartikeln. Die Rolle von Polymeren bei der Nukleation, Templatierung, Stabilisierung und/oder Verhinderung dieser Strukturen wird skizziert. Als Beispiel für angewandte Nanotechnologie diskutieren wir die Eigenschaften von Zement, die durch die Bildung und das Ineinandergreifen von Calcium‐Silikat‐Hydrat‐Nanoplättchen festgelegt werden. Die Aggregation dieser Plättchen hin zu mesoskaligen Gebilden kann mithilfe von Polymeren gesteuert werden.