gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Crown Cement Containing Antibacterial Monomer and Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles (2020)

Oral biofilm accumulation at the tooth-restoration interface often leads to recurrent dental caries and restoration failure. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel bioactive crown cement containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and (2) investigate the mechanical properties, anti-biofilm activity, and calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>) ion release of the crown cement for the first time. The cement matrix consisted of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate and ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate monomers and was denoted PEHB resin matrix. The following cements were tested: (1) RelyX luting cement (commercial control); (2) 55% PEHB + 45% glass fillers (experimental control); (3) 55% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 0% DMAHDM; (4) 52% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 3% DMAHDM; (5) 51% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 4% DMAHDM; (6) 50% PEHB + 20% glass + 25% NACP + 5% DMAHDM. Mechanical properties and ion release were measured. <i>Streptococcus</i><i>mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) biofilms were grown on cements, and colony-forming units (CFUs) and other biofilm properties were measured. The novel bioactive cement demonstrated strong antibacterial properties and high levels of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> ion release to remineralize tooth lesions. Adding NACP and DMAHDM into the cement did not adversely affect the mechanical properties and dentin bonding strength. In conclusion, the novel NACP + DMAHDM crown cement has excellent potential for restoration cementation to inhibit caries by suppressing oral biofilm growth and increasing remineralization via Ca<sup>2+</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> ions. The NACP + DMAHDM composition may have wide applicability to other biomaterials to promote hard-tissue formation and combat bacterial infection.
Role of Complement in Host Defense against Experimental Disseminated Candidiasis (1978)

The role of complement in experimental disseminated candidiasis was studied in normal guinea pigs, animals congenitally deficient in the fourth component of complement (C4), and animals depleted of alternative pathway activity by cobra venom factor (CVF). Animals pretreated with CVF and challenged with Candida albicans had a high rate of mortality. Results of quantitative organ cultures corroborated prior reports that the kidney was the major target organ of infection. Infection of the kidney was markedly enhanced by CVF-induced depletion of the alternative pathway but not by classical pathway deficiency (deficiency in C4). There were differences among organs (kidney, liver, and spleen) in their requirement for complement to mount an effective host defense response. Ultimately, the integrity of the alternative pathway and late components of complement appears necessary for the limitation of and survival from sepsis due to C. albicans in nonimmune animals.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Silver-Nanoparticles and their Use as Additive in Poly (Dicyclopentadiene) (2013)

Summary: A solvent-free environmentally benign synthesis of oleylamine capped silver nanoparticles is presented. Upon heating 10 equivalents of oleylamine and silver nitrate at 165°C for 30 min followed by a precipitation step using ethanol as the precipitant particles characterized by an Zaverage diameter of 63 nm were obtained. Dried particles can be easily redispersed in unpolar solvents or monomers, which pave the way for using them as an antimicrobial additive in polymeric materials. In particular, newly prepared Ag-particles were dispersed in dicyclopentadiene and the mixture was cured using ring opening metathesis polymerization yielding an antimicrobially equipped duroplastic material.
Power Smoothing Energy Management and Its Application to a Series Hybrid Powertrain (2012)

Energy management strategies in hybrid electric vehicles determine how much energy is produced/stored/used in each powertrain component. We propose an approach for energy management applied to a series hybrid electric vehicle that aims at improving the powertrain efficiency rather than the total fuel consumption. Since in the series configuration the engine is mechanically decoupled from the traction wheels, for a given power request the steady-state engine operating point is chosen to maximize the efficiency. A control algorithm regulates the transitions between different operating points by using the battery to smoothen the engine transients, thereby improving efficiency. Because of the constrained nature of the transient-smoothing problem, we implement the control algorithm by model predictive control. The control strategy feedback law is synthesized and integrated with the powertrain control software in the engine control unit. Simulations of the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and US06 cycles using a complete vehicle system model and experimental tests of the UDDS cycle show improved fuel economy with respect to baseline strategies.
Time-series similarity problems and well-separated geometric sets (1997)

Given a pair of nonidentical complex objects, defining (and determining) how similar they are to each other is a nontrivial problem. In data mining applications, one frequently needs to determine the similarity between two time series. We analyze a model of timeseries similarity that allows outliers, different scaling functions, and variable sampling rates. We present several deterministic and randomized algorithms for computing this notion of similarity. The algorithms are based on nontrivial tools and methods from computational geometry. In particular, we use properties of families of well-separated geometric sets. The randomized algorithm has provably good performance and also works extremely efficiently in practice. 1 Introduction Being able to measure the similarity between objects is a crucial issue in many data retrieval and data mining applications; see [10] for a general discussion on similarity queries. Typically, the task is to define a function Sim(X;Y ), where X and Y are...
LiTDI: A Highly Efficient Additive for Electrolyte Stabilization in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

The poor stability of LiPF6-based electrolytes has always been a bottleneck for conventional lithium-ion batteries. The presence of inevitable trace amounts of moisture and the operation of batteries at elevated temperatures are particularly detrimental to electrolyte stability. Here, lithium 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazole (LiTDI) is investigated as a moisture-scavenging electrolyte additive and can sufficiently suppress the hydrolysis of LiPF6. With 2 wt % LiTDI, no LiPF6 degradation can be detected after storage for 35 days, even though the water level in the electrolyte is enriched by 2000 ppm. An improved thermal stability is also obtained by employing the LiTDI additive, and the moisture-scavenging mechanism is discussed. The beneficial effects of the LiTDI additive on battery performance are demonstrated by the enhanced capacity retention of both the LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC)/Li and NMC/graphite cells at 55 °C. In particular, the increase in cell voltage hysteresis is greatly hindered when LiTDI is presented in the electrolyte. Further development of the LiTDI additive may allow the improvement of elevated-temperature batteries, as well as energy savings by reducing the amount of effort necessary for dehydration of battery components.
Analysis of nonlinear gyromagnetic line operation using LLG equation (2017)

This paper deals with the study of the gyromagnetic effect since it has proven to be an excellent way of generating radiofrequency (RF) using ferrite loaded nonlinear lines in the range of GHz. Using a proper mathematical model based on the analysis of the LLG (Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert) equation will be demonstrated the dependence of the center frequency generated on both the intensity of the axial magnetic applied and the incident pulse amplitude.
Algal neurotoxin biosynthesis repurposes the terpene cyclase structural fold into an N -prenyltransferase (2020)

Prenylation is a common biological reaction in all domains of life wherein prenyl diphosphate donors transfer prenyl groups onto small molecules as well as large proteins. The enzymes that catalyze these reactions are structurally distinct from ubiquitous terpene cyclases that, instead, assemble terpenes via intramolecular rearrangements of a single substrate. Herein, we report the structure and molecular details of a new family of prenyltransferases from marine algae that repurposes the terpene cyclase structural fold for the <i>N</i>-prenylation of glutamic acid during the biosynthesis of the potent neurochemicals domoic acid and kainic acid. We solved the X-ray crystal structure of the prenyltransferase found in domoic acid biosynthesis, DabA, and show distinct active site binding modifications that remodel the canonical magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>)-binding motif found in terpene cyclases. We then applied our structural knowledge of DabA and a homologous enzyme from the kainic acid biosynthetic pathway, KabA, to reengineer their isoprene donor specificities (geranyl diphosphate [GPP] versus dimethylallyl diphosphate [DMAPP]) with a single amino acid change. While diatom DabA and seaweed KabA enzymes share a common evolutionary lineage, they are distinct from all other terpene cyclases, suggesting a very distant ancestor to the larger terpene synthase family.
CT and Ultrasound Guided Stereotactic High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) (2006)

To demonstrate the feasibility of CT and B‐mode Ultrasound (US) targeted HIFU, a prototype coaxial focused ultrasound transducer was registered and integrated to a CT scanner. CT and diagnostic ultrasound were used for HIFU targeting and monitoring, with the goals of both thermal ablation and non‐thermal enhanced drug delivery. A 1 megahertz coaxial ultrasound transducer was custom fabricated and attached to a passive position‐sensing arm and an active six degree‐of‐freedom robotic arm via a CT stereotactic frame. The outer therapeutic transducer with a 10 cm fixed focal zone was coaxially mounted to an inner diagnostic US transducer (2–4 megahertz, Philips Medical Systems). This coaxial US transducer was connected to a modified commercial focused ultrasound generator (Focus Surgery, Indianapolis, IN) with a maximum total acoustic power of 100 watts. This pre‐clinical paradigm was tested for ability to heat tissue in phantoms with monitoring and navigation from CT and live US. The feasibility of navigation via image fusion of CT with other modalities such as PET and MRI was demonstrated. Heated water phantoms were tested for correlation between CT numbers and temperature (for ablation monitoring). The prototype transducer and integrated CT/US imaging system enabled simultaneous multimodality imaging and therapy. Pre‐clinical phantom models validated the treatment paradigm and demonstrated integrated multimodality guidance and treatment monitoring. Temperature changes during phantom cooling corresponded to CT number changes. Contrast enhanced or non‐enhanced CT numbers may potentially be used to monitor thermal ablation with HIFU. Integrated CT, diagnostic US, and therapeutic focused ultrasound bridges a gap between diagnosis and therapy. Preliminary results show that the multimodality system may represent a relatively inexpensive, accessible, and simple method of both targeting and monitoring HIFU effects. Small animal pre‐clinical models may be translated to large animals and humans for HIFU‐induced ablation and drug delivery. Integrated CT‐guided focused ultrasound holds promise for tissue ablation, enhancing local drug delivery, and CT thermometry for monitoring ablation in near real‐time.
Morphometry of right ventricular hypertrophy induced by myocardial infarction in the rat. (1984)

The growth response of the right ventricle was studied in rats following ligation of the left coronary artery, which produced infarcts comprising approximately 40% of the left ventricle. A month after surgery the weight of the right ventricle was increased 30%, and this hypertrophic change was characterized by a 17% wall thickening, consistent with the 13% greater diameter of myocytes. Myocardial hypertrophy was accompanied by an inadequate growth of the microvasculature that supports tissue oxygenation. This was seen by relative decreases in capillary luminal volume density (-27%) and capillary luminal surface density (-21%) and by an increase in the average maximum distance from the capillary wall to the mitochondria of myocytes (19%). In contrast, measurements of the mean myocyte volume per nucleus showed a proportional enlargement of these cells (32%), from 16,300 cu mu in control animals to 21,500 cu mu in experimental rats. Quantitative analysis of the right coronary artery revealed a 33% increase in its luminal area, commensurate with the magnitude of ventricular hypertrophy.
Estimating breast density with dual energy mammography: a simple model based on calibration phantoms (2013)

Dual energy digital mammography has been used to suppress specific breast tissue, primarily for the purpose of iodine contrast-enhanced imaging. Another application of dual energy digital mammography is to estimate breast density, as defined by the fraction of glandular tissue, by suppressing adipose tissue. Adipose equivalent phantoms were used to derive the weighting factor for dual energy subtraction at 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm thickness. For each thickness besides 8 cm, measurements were taken over a range of densities (0, 50, and 100%) and used for calibration measurements to model a density map. Once the density map was verified with uniform slabs, the density map was evaluated with 50/50 CIRS 020 phantom at 2, 4, and 6 cm thickness and demonstrated the feasibility of using dual energy subtraction to estimate breast density on complex phantoms.
Long Range Trace Detection in Aqueous Aerosol using Remote Filament-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (R-FIBS) (2007)

R-FIBS is used for probing salt water aerosol. We demonstrate experimentally that it can be used to sense ppm level concentrations up to 70 m away and shows potential for kilometer range applications.
A 3D-Printed Microfluidic Device with Integrated Electrochemical Sensors for Autonomous Habitability Assessment and Life Detection (2021)

A 3D-printed microfluidic device coupled with a fluidic processing system was developed to enable autonomous end-to-end sample handling and electrochemical characterization of an Ocean World analogue solution – synthetic seawater (SW). This dual-channel microfluidic cell was populated with 14 electrodes and performed electrochemical measurements similar to those used in the MECA Wet Chemistry Laboratory on board NASA’s Phoenix Lander that landed on Mars in 2008. Biological and metallic redox events were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry with Au, Pt, and glassy carbon electrodes, with the latter displaying superior sensitivity and selectivity. Conductivity and pH were measured using Pt and iridium oxide electrodes respectively, and SW anions such as chloride were quantified using chronopotentiometry with a Ag electrode. The fluidic handling system demonstrated sample transportation to the microfluidic device for electrochemical measurements, and could be readily adapted to accommodate different pre-processing steps. Overall, this study demonstrates the use of electrochemical sensors as part of an autonomous microfluidic handling system that would be functionally analogous to an electrochemical instrument designed for Ocean World exploration.
Psychological Issues and PrEP in Private Practice (2015)

When pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was newly marketed towards and available to urban men who have sex with men, a cultural phenomenon with deeply personal psychological implications began. The widespread availability of PrEP resurrected long-dormant conflicts in patients, therapists, and primary care providers about sexual acts between men; about sexual agency and autonomy; and re-traumatization from similar conflicts believed to have been worked through during earlier decades of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Patients often are not aware of the depth of psychological implications. If a therapist is unaware of the momentous cultural event, he or she may over-interpret, missing or distorting important assessments of risk, danger and safety. A therapist´s over-identification with the event may lead to under appreciation and exploration of the depths and multi-determination of intra-psychic meaning and symbolism including the patient´s conscious and unconscious use of the cultural phenomenon to express myriad intra-psychic and inter-personal conflicts. In this paper I describe five HIV-negative patients' reactions to PrEP as it was becoming widely marketed and debated in New York City.
A conformal, helmet-mounted microphone array for auditory situational awareness and hearing protection (2017)

Hearing protectors often are considered detrimental to auditory situational awareness due in part to the distortions they impose on localization cues. The addition of a helmet or other head-worn equipment can exacerbate this problem by covering the ears and effectively changing the shape of the head. In an effort to design a hearing-protection system that maintains natural auditory localization performance, we have built a prototype conformal microphone array integrated into a helmet. The system involves beamforming for spatial selectivity, filtering with head-related transfer functions to reintroduce spatial auditory cues to the beamformed data, dynamic range compression to attenuate potentially damaging sound levels, and insert earphones to deliver binaural audio and provide additional hearing protection. All directions are auralized simultaneously to provide full spatial coverage around the wearer. In this paper we describe the design, implementation, and testing of a prototype 32-channel system, including 3D modeling and simulations, signal-processing approaches, real-time processing, and localization performance.
Novel function of β-arrestin2 in the nucleus of mature spermatozoa (2006)

A growing number of proteins originally found in endocytic structures of the plasma membrane appear to be able to traffic into the nucleus, but the cellular function of this translocation remains unclear. We have found that beta-arrestin2, which typically shows a cytoplasmic localization owing to constitutive nuclear export, appears in the nucleus after stimulation of the G-protein-coupled odorant receptor hOR17-4. In the nucleus, beta-arrestin2 was involved in transcriptional regulation as shown by a Gal4-based transactivation assay. Moreover, we discovered that beta-arrestin2 and hOR17-4, a receptor known to have a role in sperm-egg communication, colocalize in the midpiece of mature human spermatozoa. Stimulation of hOR17-4 in spermatozoa induced PKA-dependent translocation of beta-arrestin2 to the nucleus and nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated MAPKs. Analysis of the interaction partners of beta-arrestin2 indicates that odorant receptor signaling in spermatozoa may be important for the regulation of gene expression during the early processes of fertilization.
Total hip replacement: improving cement fixation of the acetabular component (2002)

The primary aim of this study was to propose fixation techniques that would improve the cement fixation of the acetabular cup. This was done by (1) studying current practice, (2) creating FE models of the reconstructed acetabulum to predict improved fixation techniques, (3) validating the FE models by laboratory investigations and (4) proposing designs of jigs and drill bit that would assist orthopaedic surgeons use the recommended techniques.
Sequence-to-Sequence Contrastive Learning for Text Recognition (2021)

We propose a framework for sequence-to-sequence contrastive learning (SeqCLR) of visual representations, which we apply to text recognition. To account for the sequence-to-sequence structure, each feature map is divided into different instances over which the contrastive loss is computed. This operation enables us to contrast in a sub-word level, where from each image we extract several positive pairs and multiple negative examples. To yield effective visual representations for text recognition, we further suggest novel augmentation heuristics, different encoder architectures and custom projection heads. Experiments on hand-written text and on scene text show that when a text decoder is trained on the learned representations, our method out-performs non-sequential contrastive methods. In addition, when the amount of supervision is reduced, SeqCLR significantly improves performance compared with supervised training, and when fine-tuned with 100% of the labels, our method achieves state-of-the-art results on standard hand-written text recognition benchmarks.
Safety and efficacy of an attenuated strain of Salmonella choleraesuis for vaccination of swine (1992)

The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of a live Salmonella choleraesuis immunizing strain, obtained by repeated ingestion and recovery through porcine neutrophils. The strain was tested in mice and in pigs. The vaccine was safe and effective in controlled experimental trials, using clinical, pathologic, and microbiologic criteria. Vaccinated pigs were able to maintain normal weight gains during the 4-week observation period following challenge inoculation with a high dose of a virulent strain.
Ultrafast quantum photonics enabled by coupling plasmonic nanocavities to strongly radiative antennas (2020)

Quantum emitters coupled to plasmonic nanostructures can act as exceptionally bright sources of single photons, operating at room temperature. Plasmonic mode volumes supported by these nanostructures can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the cubic wavelength, which leads to dramatically enhanced light–matter interactions and drastically increased photon production rates. However, when increasing the light localization further, these deeply subwavelength modes may in turn hinder the fast outcoupling of photons into free space. Plasmonic hybrid nanostructures combining a highly confined cavity mode and a larger antenna mode circumvent this issue. We establish the fundamental limits for quantum emission enhancement in such systems and find that the best performance is achieved when the cavity and antenna modes differ significantly in size. We experimentally support this idea by photomodifying a nanopatch antenna deterministically assembled around a nanodiamond known to contain a single nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center. As a result, the cavity mode shrinks, further shortening the NV fluorescence lifetime and increasing the single-photon brightness. Our analytical and numerical simulation results provide intuitive insight into the operation of these emitter–cavity–antenna systems and show that this approach could lead to single-photon sources with emission rates up to hundreds of THz and efficiencies close to unity.