gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A General Copper—BINAP Catalyzed Asymmetric Propargylation of Ketones with Propargyl Boronates. (2011)

Abstract Prochiral aliphatic ketones as well as acetophenones and heterocyclic analogues are propargylated by trimethylsilylpropargyl boronate under optimized conditions to give the corresponding homopropargylic tertiary alcohols in general with &lt;90% enantioselectivity.
A Phase II Pharmacodynamic Study of Preoperative Figitumumab in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer (2012)

Figitumumab is biologically active in prostate cancer. PSA declines in treatment-naive patients were observed, potentially mediated by IGF-IR effects on androgen receptor expression. These results support the clinical relevance of IGF-IR signaling in prostate cancer and justify further clinical trials.
Evolution to Colorless and Directionless ROADM Architectures (2008)

Broad deployment of ROADMs based on wavelength selective switching has significantly improved optical network flexibility. This paper discusses opportunities to extend upon these advances with colorless and directionless add/drop switching and indicates technology advancements toward this end.
Latent structure and measurement invariance of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in cancer outpatients (2022)

The HADS has a robust two-factor structure in cancer outpatients. We recommend excluding item 7 and 10 when screening for anxiety and depression.
Adaptive Codebooks for Efficient Feedback Reduction in Cooperative Antenna Systems (2008)

This paper presents an adaptive codebook design method, which introduces a transition probability based codeword sorting scheme in an effort to reduce the feedback overhead by exploiting the temporal correlation of the channel. The adaptive codebook sorts the codewords in the increasing order of the chordal distance with respect to the initial codeword, which is the codeword chosen at the previous time step. The adaptive codebook method in conjunction with the lossless data compression scheme requires much less feedback overhead compared with currently available techniques, e.g., the recursive codebook scheme, at the cost of slightly increased memory requirements.
Platelet‐Derived CCL5 Regulates CXC Chemokine Formation and Neutrophil Recruitment in Acute Experimental Colitis (2015)

Accumulating data suggest that platelets not only regulate thrombosis and haemostasis but also inflammatory processes. Platelets contain numerous potent pro-inflammatory compounds, including the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL4, although their role in acute colitis remains elusive. The aim of this study is to examine the role of platelets and platelet-derived chemokines in acute colitis. Acute colitis is induced in female Balb/c mice by administration of 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 5 days. Animals receive a platelet-depleting, anti-CCL5, anti-CXCL4, or a control antibody prior to DSS challenge. Colonic tissue is collected for quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, CXCL5, CXCL2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CCL5 levels as well as morphological analyses. Platelet depletion reduce tissue damage and clinical disease activity index in DSS-exposed animals. Platelet depletion not only reduces levels of CXCL2 and CXCL5 but also levels of CCL5 in the inflamed colon. Immunoneutralization of CCL5 but not CXCL4 reduces tissue damage, CXC chemokine expression, and neutrophil recruitment in DSS-treated animals. These findings show that platelets play a key role in acute colitis by regulating CXC chemokine generation, neutrophil infiltration, and tissue damage in the colon. Moreover, our results suggest that platelet-derived CCL5 is an important link between platelet activation and neutrophil recruitment in acute colitis.
Two-Step MIR Inequalities for Mixed Integer Programs (2009)

Two-step mixed integer rounding (MIR) inequalities are valid inequalities derived from a facet of a simple mixed integer set with three variables and one constraint. In this paper we investigate how to effectively use these inequalities as cutting planes for general mixed integer problems. We study the separation problem for single-constraint sets and show that it can be solved in polynomial time when the resulting inequality is required to be sufficiently different from the associated MIR inequalities. We discuss computational issues and present numerical results based on a number of data sets.
Non-scanning CARS microscopy using wide-field geometry (2007)

We report a wide-field Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy technique based on non-phasematching illumination and imaging systems. This technique is based on a non-collinear sample illumination by broad laser beams and recording image of sample at anti-Stokes wavelength using full-frame image detector. An amplified Ti:Sapphire laser and an Optical Parametric Amplifier (OPA) provided picosecond pump and Stokes beams with energies sufficient for CARS generation in an area of 100 μm in diameter. The whole field of view of the microscope was illuminated simultaneously by the pump and Stokes beams, and CARS signal was recorded onto a cooled CCD, with resolution determined by the microscope objective. Several illumination schemes and several types of thin sample preparations have been explored. We demonstrated that CARS image of a 100x100 μm sample can be recorded with submicrometer spatial resolution using just a few laser pulses of microJoule energies.
Oxidation of Silyl Enol Ethers by Using IBX and IBX⋅N-Oxide Complexes: A Mild and Selective Reaction for the Synthesis of Enones (2002)

Eine einfache Methode, α,β-ungesättigte Carbonylverbindungen herzustellen, ist die Oxidation von Trimethylsilyl(TMS)-enolethern mit IBX 1 oder IBX⋅MPO 2. Trimethylsilylenolether (z. B. 4), die sich in situ durch Addition einer organometallischen Verbindung an ein Enon bilden, werden mit 1 oder 2 zum funktionalisierten Enon dehydriert (z. B. 3→5). IBX = Iodoxybenzoesäure; MPO = 4-Methoxypyridin-N-oxid.
Sportsmedicine forum (1989)

A Forum For Our Readers Sportsmedicine Forum is intended to provide a sounding board for our readers. Perhaps you have a special way to treat a common medical problem, or you may want to air your views on a controversial topic. You may object to an article that we have published, or you may want to support one. You may have a new trend to report, identified through an interesting case or a series of patients. Whatever your ideas, we invite you to send them to us. Illustrative figures are welcomed.
Single-cell clonotype tracing of tissue Th17 cells during CNS autoimmunity reveals the conversion of intestinal homeostatic cells to pathogenic cells (2021)

Abstract At homeostasis, most Th17 cells are found in the lamina propria of the intestine, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis by inhibiting microbiota from tissue invasion and promote barrier functions. Recent studies in humans and mice have implicated intestinal Th17 cells in extra-intestinal autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, but the mechanism in which intestinal Th17 cells mediate these dichotomous functions remains unknown. Here, we combined single-cell RNA- and TCR-seq (scRNA/TCR-seq) with fate mapping of tissue Th17 cells to profile over 84,000 tissue Th17 cells and characterize their heterogeneity, plasticity, and migration at homeostasis and during CNS autoimmunity. We discovered a homeostatic Th17 cell population, that is induced by the intestinal microbiota, is present in both lymphoid organs and the intestine, and expresses IL-17. Joint scRNA- and TCR-seq showed that during EAE this homeostatic population gives rise to a pathogenic Th17 cell population, that migrates specifically through the draining lymph nodes and the spleen to the CNS, and highly expresses GM-CSF and IFNγ, but expresses little or low levels of IL-17. This conversion of homeostatic Th17 cells into encephalitogenic Th17 cells depended on IL-23R signaling. Our work characterizes Th17 heterogeneity, plasticity, and migration during homeostasis and CNS autoimmune disease, identifies a mechanism by which intestinal Th17 cells influence the generation of an autoimmune disease-inducing population, and provides further evidence for a direct relationship between the IL-17-producing and GM-CSF- and IFNγ- producing pathogenic T cells.
Synthesis and Ca 2+ -Mobilizing Activity of Purine-Modified Mimics of Adenophostin A:  A Model for the Adenophostin−Ins(1,4,5)P 3 Receptor Interaction (2003)

The synthesis of a series of adenophostin A analogues modified at C-6 and C-2 of adenine is described. The target compounds were synthesized by a convergent route involving a modified Vorbrüggen condensation of either 6-chloropurine or 2,6-dichloropurine with a protected disaccharide, yielding two versatile intermediates capable of undergoing substitution with a range of nucleophiles. The new analogues showed a range of abilities to mobilize Ca(2+) from the intracellular stores of permeabilized hepatocytes and are among the first totally synthetic compounds to approach the activity of adenophostin A. In agreement with the biological results, docking studies of adenophostin A using the recently reported X-ray crystal structure of the type 1 Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptor binding core suggested that, in likely binding modes of adenophostin A, the area around N(6) may be relatively open, identifying this region of the adenophostin A molecule as a promising target for further elaboration. The docking results also point to specific interactions involving residues within the binding domain of the Ins(1,4,5)P(3) receptor that may be involved in the molecular recognition of the adenophostins.
Light Yield Enhancement of 157-Gadolinium Oxysulfide Scintillator Screens for the High-Resolution Neutron Imaging (2018)

This paper reports on light yield enhancement of terbium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide based scintillator screens achieved by coating their substrates with thin layers of a high density and high atomic number material. For this purpose, iridium was chosen and layers of various thicknesses were applied by atomic layer deposition (ALD). We assessed newly developed scintillator screens for neutron absorption, light yield and spatial resolution and compared them to previously used non-iridium-coated scintillator screens. The addition of the iridium layer resulted in 65 % light yield enhancement in comparison to uncoated scintillator screens while the spatial resolution and absorption power remained unchanged. Highlights •65 % light yield enhancement of the scintillator light output with preservation of the spatial resolution•Use of atomic layer deposition for nanoengineering of the neutron sensitive scintillator screens.
Demo Abstract: A Storage-centric Camera Sensor Network (2006)

Improved energy-efficiency and storage capacity of new-gen eration NAND flash memory makes a compelling case for storage-centri c sensor networks. Such a storage-centric sensor network emphasizes the use of platforms with larger storage and more extensive use of the storage capacities on sensors. We demonstrate the feasibility of storage-centri c sensor networks using an instance of a storage-centric camera sensor network that is more energy-efficient in comparison to a traditional camera sens or network. We demonstrate multiple camera sensors, each consisting of a Cyclops camera attached to a MicaZ mote, using motion-triggered image capturing. The captured images are archived locally on flash storage and sum maries of detected events are transmitted to the base-station. The base -station picks the events of interest from the summaries and requests the original captured image from the sensor as required. The use of high-capacity energy-efficient flash storage at the sensor allows us to trade-off expensive r adio communication for cheaper local storage, improving the life-time o f the battery and consequently, the life of the storage-centric camera senso r network.
Phase Change NEMS Relay (2019)

Actuation of a highly scalable phase change mechanical relay is demonstrated for the first time. The Phase Change NEMS Relay (PCNR) is a non-volatile relay based on the mechanical expansion of GeTe phase change material. On state resistance was demonstrated to be ~260 Ω and an off state leakage as low as 20 fA was recorded. Switching on and off delay times were demonstrated to be 300 ns and 600 ns, respectively. Scaling analysis shows a path towards 20 nm × 5 nm size devices with an actuation voltage and energy of 500 mV and 70 fJ, respectively.
Rayleigh-Jeans-Clarke Model for Wireless Noise in a Resonant Cavity: Scalar Case (2022)

A resonant electromagnetic cavity - effectively the interior of a copper box - constitutes a highly favorable propa-gation environment for MIMO communications. A fundamental limitation on wireless communication within the box is thermal noise. Under conditions of thermal equilibrium the Equipartition Theorem of classical statistical mechanics states that every orthogonal normal mode has an independent random amplitude such that the expected energies of the modes are equal and proportional to absolute temperature. Collectively the randomly excited modes constitute a space-time stochastic process, station-ary in time but non-stationary in space because of boundary conditions. As the linear dimensions of the box grow relative to a wavelength the process is asymptotically stationary. At each temporal frequency the wavenumber spectral density is identical to that of the Clarke model - a superposition of random plane waves having no preferred direction of propagation. At a single point in space the spectral density is proportional to the square of temporal frequency - the Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum. We call our space-time noise model Rayleigh-Jeans-Clarke (RJC).
Modeling and analysis of effects of skew on torque ripple and stator tooth forces in permanent magnet AC machines (2012)

In this paper, simplified FE-based modeling and analysis of torque ripples in permanent magnet ac machines is presented. The electromagnetic torque is calculated based on the virtual work principle, where field quantities are evaluated using a minimal number of nonlinear magnetostatic finite element solutions. A simple and fast method of incorporating the effects of the stator and/or rotor skew in the torque calculation is introduced. The proposed method requires a minimum number of 2-D finite element evaluations to estimate the electromagnetic torque profile of the skewed machine at a given load condition. This is especially beneficial for rapid evaluation of the effects of stator and/or rotor skew in large-scale design optimization studies. A fast method of evaluating stator tooth forces using a Maxwell stress tensor approach applied to the field quantities calculated using minimum number of 2-D magnetostatic finite element solutions is introduced. Finally, effects of the skew on the developed tooth forces are evaluated.
18F-FAC PET Visualizes Brain-Infiltrating Leukocytes in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis (2019)

Brain-infiltrating leukocytes contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) and autoimmune encephalomyelitis and likely play a role in traumatic brain injury, seizure, and stroke. Brain-infiltrating leukocytes are also primary targets for MS disease-modifying therapies. However, no method exists for noninvasively visualizing these cells in a living organism. 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoroarabinofuranosyl) cytosine (<sup>18</sup>F-FAC) is a PET radiotracer that measures deoxyribonucleoside salvage and accumulates preferentially in immune cells. We hypothesized that <sup>18</sup>F-FAC PET could noninvasively image brain-infiltrating leukocytes. <b>Methods:</b> Healthy mice were imaged with <sup>18</sup>F-FAC PET to quantify if this radiotracer crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse disease model with brain-infiltrating leukocytes. To determine whether <sup>18</sup>F-FAC accumulates in brain-infiltrating leukocytes, EAE mice were analyzed with <sup>18</sup>F-FAC PET, digital autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry, and deoxyribonucleoside salvage activity in brain-infiltrating leukocytes was analyzed ex vivo. Fingolimod-treated EAE mice were imaged with <sup>18</sup>F-FAC PET to assess if this approach can monitor the effect of an immunomodulatory drug on brain-infiltrating leukocytes. PET scans of individuals injected with 2-chloro-2'-deoxy-2'-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-9-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-adenine (<sup>18</sup>F-CFA), a PET radiotracer that measures deoxyribonucleoside salvage in humans, were analyzed to evaluate whether <sup>18</sup>F-CFA crosses the human BBB. <b>Results:</b><sup>18</sup>F-FAC accumulates in the healthy mouse brain at levels similar to <sup>18</sup>F-FAC in the blood (2.54 ± 0.2 and 3.04 ± 0.3 percentage injected dose per gram, respectively) indicating that <sup>18</sup>F-FAC crosses the BBB. EAE mice accumulate <sup>18</sup>F-FAC in the brain at 180% of the levels of control mice. Brain <sup>18</sup>F-FAC accumulation localizes to periventricular regions with significant leukocyte infiltration, and deoxyribonucleoside salvage activity is present at similar levels in brain-infiltrating T and innate immune cells. These data suggest that <sup>18</sup>F-FAC accumulates in brain-infiltrating leukocytes in this model. Fingolimod-treated EAE mice accumulate <sup>18</sup>F-FAC in the brain at 37% lower levels than control-treated EAE mice, demonstrating that <sup>18</sup>F-FAC PET can monitor therapeutic interventions in this mouse model. <sup>18</sup>F-CFA accumulates in the human brain at 15% of blood levels (0.08 ± 0.01 and 0.54 ± 0.07 SUV, respectively), indicating that <sup>18</sup>F-CFA does not cross the BBB in humans. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>18</sup>F-FAC PET can visualize brain-infiltrating leukocytes in a mouse MS model and can monitor the response of these cells to an immunomodulatory drug. Translating this strategy into humans will require exploring additional radiotracers.
Genetic Risk in Early Repolarization Syndrome (2011)

Early Repolarization (ER) has been associated to idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the general population. Recent population-based studies clearly demonstrate that ER is heritable (H2=0.49). The identification of mutations in the KCNJ8 and CACNAB2b suggests a genetic substrate however the genetic transmission of ER is still poorly documented. We have screened relatives in 3 families affected by ER. In the first family the proband died during an electrical storm and presented an ER pattern. Eleven unexplained SCD occurred and familial screening identified 12 relatives with an ER aspect out of 30 relatives (prevalence 57%). In the second family the proband experienced electrical storms at 45 years old associated with an ER pattern. We identified 3 others unexplained SCD and 25 ER among 82 available ECGs (prevalence 34%). In the third family four patients experienced SCD, one of them presented an ER pattern. Sixteen other patients presented an ER pattern (17/29, prevalence 62%). Valsalva maneuver was performed for 80 relatives. It increased J wave amplitude in 17/20 affected patients and revealed an ER in 17 relatives. In conclusion our study suggests that ERS is transmitted as an autosomal dominant disease.
Deep Knowledge Tracing (2015)

Knowledge tracing---where a machine models the knowledge of a student as they interact with coursework---is a well established problem in computer supported education. Though effectively modeling student knowledge would have high educational impact, the task has many inherent challenges. In this paper we explore the utility of using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) to model student learning. The RNN family of models have important advantages over previous methods in that they do not require the explicit encoding of human domain knowledge, and can capture more complex representations of student knowledge. Using neural networks results in substantial improvements in prediction performance on a range of knowledge tracing datasets. Moreover the learned model can be used for intelligent curriculum design and allows straightforward interpretation and discovery of structure in student tasks. These results suggest a promising new line of research for knowledge tracing and an exemplary application task for RNNs.
Local Refractive Index Sensing Based on Edge Gold-Coated Silver Nanoprisms (2013)

Bulk and surface refractive index sensitivity for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing based on edge gold-coated silver nanoprisms (GSNPs) and gold nanospheres was investigated and compared with conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing based on propagating surface plasmons. The hybrid GSNPs benefit from an improved stability since the gold frame protecting the unstable silver facets located at the silver nanoprisms (SNPs) edges and tips prevents truncation or rounding of their sharp tips or edges, maintaining a high refractive index sensitivity even under harsh conditions. By using layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes and protein adsorption, we found that GSNPs exhibit 4-fold higher local refractive index sensitivity in close proximity (<10 nm) to the surface compared to a flat gold film in the conventional SPR setup. Moreover, the sensitivity was 8-fold higher with GSNPs than with gold nanospheres. This shows that relatively simple plasmonic nanostructures for LSPR-based sensing can be engineered to outperform conventional SPR, which is particularly interesting in the context of detecting low molecular weight compounds where a small sensing volume, reducing bulk signals, is desired.
AutoAI-TS (2021)

A large number of time series forecasting models including traditional statistical models, machine learning models and more recently deep learning have been proposed in the literature. However, choosing the right model along with good parameter values that performs well on a given data is still challenging. Automatically providing a good set of models to users for a given dataset saves both time and effort from using trial-and-error approaches with a wide variety of available models along with parameter optimization. We present AutoAI for Time Series Forecasting (AutoAI-TS) that provides users with a zero configuration (zero-conf) system to efficiently train, optimize and choose best forecasting model among various classes of models for the given dataset. With its flexible zero-conf design, AutoAI-TS automatically performs all the data preparation, model creation, parameter optimization, training and model selection for users and provides a trained model that is ready to use. For given data, AutoAI-TS utilizes a wide variety of models including classical statistical models, Machine Learning (ML) models, statistical-ML hybrid models and deep learning models along with various transformations to create forecasting pipelines. It then evaluates and ranks pipelines using the proposed T-Daub mechanism to choose the best pipeline. The paper describe in detail all the technical aspects of AutoAI-TS along with extensive benchmarking on a variety of real world data sets for various use-cases. Benchmark results show that AutoAI-TS, with no manual configuration from the user, automatically trains and selects pipelines that on average outperform existing state-of-the-art time series forecasting toolkits.
Tunable Lasers and their Application in Analytical Chemistry (1975)

IV. CONCLUSIONS The impact that lasers have had on spectroscopy is just starting to be felt in analytical procedures. Major new developments in Raman techniques and remote-sensing have already taken place, but not too many other areas have been exploited. The application of lasers to spectroscopic methods of analysis would seem to be a rewarding field, both for research by analytical chemists and for investment by instrument manufacturers.