gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Demonstration of Cell-to-Cell Interaction in Growth Plate Cartilage Using Chondrocytes Established From p53−/− Mice (2003)

Three clonal cell lines (MMR14, MMR17, and MMR32) were established from the costal cartilage derived from p53-/- mice. Expression profiles of cartilage-related molecules in MMR14 and MMR17 were compatible with those in cells of the hypertrophic zone. Prolonged in vitro culture induced the expression of calcification-related genes in both cell lines, but calcified nodules were observed only in MMR14. The expression profile of cartilage-related molecules in MMR32 was compatible with that of cells in the perichondrium, with high expression levels of decorin, bone morphogenetic protein-3, and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). When MMR14 was co-cultured with an equal amount of MMR32 without direct contact, the nodule formation was completely inhibited, whereas no such inhibition was observed when MMR14 was co-cultured with MMR17, indicating that soluble factors produced by MMR32 were responsible for the inhibition. Blocking the effects of PTHrP by either antagonizing peptide or neutralizing antibody against PTHrP failed to rescue the inhibitory effects of MMR32, and no increase of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate production in MMR14 was observed when co-cultured with MMR32, suggesting that soluble factors other than PTHrP produced by MMR32 were responsible for the inhibition of terminal differentiation of hypertrophic chondrocytes. This report is the first to show cell-to-cell interaction in the growth plate using cell lines, which will be useful material to investigate the regulatory mechanism of chondrocyte differentiation.
Novel vaccines from biotechnology. (2005)

Vaccination continues to be the main approach to protecting animals from infectious diseases. Until recently, all licensed vaccines were developed using conventional technologies. However, the introduction of modern molecular biological tools and genomics, combined with a better understanding of not only which antigens are critical in inducing protection, but an appreciation of host defences that must be stimulated, has opened a new opportunity to develop safer and more effective vaccines. The authors describe the current and future trends in vaccine development and stress that in addition to identifying and producing the protective antigens, it is critical to formulate and deliver these vaccines appropriately to maximise the potential of modern advances in pathogenesis and vaccinology.
Consequences of Adrenal Venous Sampling in Primary Hyperaldosteronism and Predictors of Unilateral Adrenal Disease (2010)

Because 50% of patients would have been inappropriately managed based on CT scan findings, patients with biochemical evidence of primary hyperaldosteronism and considering adrenalectomy should have AVS. The most accurate measurement for AVS lateralization was the post-ACTH stimulation value. Although several factors predict successful AVS lateralization, none are accurate enough to perform AVS selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Azetidinones as Cholesterol‐Absorption Inhibitors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sialylation of CD55 by ST3GAL1 Facilitates Immune Evasion in Cancer (2020)

Altered glycosylations, which are associated with expression and activities of glycosyltransferases, can dramatically affect the function of glycoproteins and modify the behavior of tumor cells. ST3GAL1 is a sialyltransferase that adds sialic acid to core 1 glycans, thereby terminating glycan chain extension. In breast carcinomas, overexpression of ST3GAL1 promotes tumorigenesis and correlates with increased tumor grade. In pursuing the role of ST3GAL1 in breast cancer using <i>ST3GAL1</i>-siRNA to knockdown <i>ST3GAL1</i>, we identified CD55 to be one of the potential target proteins of ST3GAL1. CD55 is an important complement regulatory protein, preventing cells from complement-mediated cytotoxicity. CD55 had one <i>N</i>-linked glycosylation site in addition to a Ser/Thr-rich domain, which was expected to be heavily <i>O</i>-glycosylated. Detailed analyses of <i>N</i>- and <i>O</i>-linked oligosaccharides of CD55 released from scramble or <i>ST3GAL1</i> siRNA-treated breast cancer cells by tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the <i>N</i>-glycan profile was not affected by <i>ST3GAL1</i> silencing. The <i>O</i>-glycan profile of CD55 demonstrated a shift in abundance to nonsialylated core 1 and monosialylated core 2 at the expense of the disialylated core 2 structure after <i>ST3GAL1</i> silencing. We also demonstrated that <i>O</i>-linked desialylation of CD55 by <i>ST3GAL1</i> silencing resulted in increased C3 deposition and complement-mediated lysis of breast cancer cells and enhanced sensitivity to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These data demonstrated that ST3GAL1-mediated <i>O</i>-linked sialylation of CD55 acts like an immune checkpoint molecule for cancer cells to evade immune attack and that inhibition of ST3GAL1 is a potential strategy to block CD55-mediated immune evasion.
Efficient Selection of Biomineralizing DNA Aptamers Using Deep Sequencing and Population Clustering (2013)

DNA-based information systems drive the combinatorial optimization processes of natural evolution, including the evolution of biominerals. Advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing expand the power of DNA as a potential information platform for combinatorial engineering, but many applications remain to be developed due in part to the challenge of handling large amounts of sequence data. Here we employ high-throughput sequencing and a recently developed clustering method (AutoSOME) to identify single-stranded DNA sequence families that bind specifically to ZnO semiconductor mineral surfaces. These sequences were enriched from a diverse DNA library after a single round of screening, whereas previous screening approaches typically require 5-15 rounds of enrichment for effective sequence identification. The consensus sequence of the largest cluster was poly d(T)30. This consensus sequence exhibited clear aptamer behavior and was shown to promote the synthesis of crystalline ZnO from aqueous solution at near-neutral pH. This activity is significant, as the crystalline form of this wide-bandgap semiconductor is not typically amenable to solution synthesis in this pH range. High-resolution TEM revealed that this DNA synthesis route yields ZnO nanoparticles with an amorphous-crystalline core-shell structure, suggesting that the mechanism of mineralization involves nanoscale coacervation around the DNA template. We thus demonstrate that our new method, termed Single round Enrichment of Ligands by deep Sequencing (SEL-Seq), can facilitate biomimetic synthesis of technological nanomaterials by accelerating combinatorial selection of biomolecular-mineral interactions. Moreover, by enabling direct characterization of sequence family demographics, we anticipate that SEL-Seq will enhance aptamer discovery in applications employing additional rounds of screening.
Discovery and Synthesis of a Potent, Selective and Orally Bioavailable EP4 Receptor Agonist (2004)

An optimized analog of prostaglandin E 2 which incorporates a γ-lactam in place of the cyclopentanone ring and which incorporates metabolically stabilized side chains, has been identified and shown to exhibit potent and selective EP4 receptor agonism.The compound (2) (L-000902688) is also well absorbed on oral dosing and exhibits a long half-life making it an excellent tool for the study of the role of EP4 receptor in physiology and disease.An efficient synthesis of 2 from a chiral synthon is described.
Reconstructing Signing Avatars From Video Using Linguistic Priors (2023)

Sign language (SL) is the primary method of communication for the 70 million Deaf people around the world. Video dictionaries of isolated signs are a core SL learning tool. Replacing these with 3D avatars can aid learning and enable AR/VR applications, improving access to technology and online media. However, little work has attempted to estimate expressive 3D avatars from SL video; occlusion, noise, and motion blur make this task difficult. We address this by introducing novel linguistic priors that are universally applicable to SL and provide constraints on 3D hand pose that help resolve ambiguities within isolated signs. Our method, SGNify, captures fine-grained hand pose, facial expression, and body movement fully automatically from in-the-wild monocular SL videos. We evaluate SGNify quantitatively by using a commercial motion-capture system to compute 3D avatars synchronized with monocular video. SGNify outperforms state-of-the-art 3D body-pose- and shape-estimation methods on SL videos. A perceptual study shows that SGNify's 3D reconstructions are significantly more comprehensible and natural than those of previous methods and are on par with the source videos. Code and data are available at $\href{http://sgnify.is.tue.mpg.de}{\text{sgnify.is.tue.mpg.de}}$.
Protein‐Directed Synthesis of NIR‐Emitting, Tunable HgS Quantum Dots and their Applications in Metal‐Ion Sensing (2012)

The development of luminescent mercury sulfide quantum dots (HgS QDs) through the bio-mineralization process has remained unexplored. Herein, a simple, two-step route for the synthesis of HgS quantum dots in bovine serum albumin (BSA) is reported. The QDs are characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, luminescence, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), circular dichroism (CD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and picosecond-resolved optical spectroscopy. Formation of various sizes of QDs is observed by modifying the conditions suitably. The QDs also show tunable luminescence over the 680-800 nm spectral regions, with a quantum yield of 4-5%. The as-prepared QDs can serve as selective sensor materials for Hg(II) and Cu(II), based on selective luminescence quenching. The quenching mechanism is found to be based on Dexter energy transfer and photoinduced electron transfer for Hg(II) and Cu(II), respectively. The simple synthesis route of protein-capped HgS QDs would provide additional impetus to explore applications for these materials.
Colloidal co-assembly route to large-area high-quality photonic crystals (2011)

Whereas considerable interest exists in self-assembly of well-ordered, porous "inverse opal" structures for optical, electronic, and (bio)chemical applications, uncontrolled defect formation has limited the scale-up and practicality of such approaches. Here we demonstrate a new method for assembling highly ordered, crack-free inverse opal films over a centimeter scale. Multilayered composite colloidal crystal films have been generated via evaporative deposition of polymeric colloidal spheres suspended within a hydrolyzed silicate sol-gel precursor solution. The co-assembly of a sacrificial colloidal template with a matrix material avoids the need for liquid infiltration into the preassembled colloidal crystal and minimizes the associated cracking and inhomogeneities of the resulting inverse opal films. We demonstrate that this co-assembly approach allows the fabrication of hierarchical structures not achievable by conventional methods, such as multilayered films and deposition onto patterned or curved surfaces, and can be transformed into various materials that retain the morphology and order of the original films. We show that colloidal co-assembly represents a simple, low-cost, scalable method for generating high-quality, chemically tailorable inverse opal films for optical applications.
Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of novel N-phenylindazolyl diarylureas as potential anti-cancer agents (2020)

Novel N-phenylindazole based diarylureas have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential anticancer agents. In vitro cell viability studies of these derivatives illustrate good potency with IC<sub>50</sub> values in the range of 0.4-50 μM in several cancer cell lines including murine metastatic breast cancer 4T1, murine glioblastoma GL261, human triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231, human pancreatic cancer MIAPaCa-2, and human colorectal cancer cell line WiDr. The ester group in the lead compound 8i was modified to incorporate amino-amides to increase solubility and stability while retaining biological activity. Further in vitro studies reveal that lead candidates inhibit tube length in HUVEC cells. In vivo systemic toxicity studies indicate that these candidate compounds are well tolerated in mice without any significant side effects. Anticancer efficacy studies in WiDr tumor xenograft and 4T1 tumor syngraft models demonstrate that the lead candidate 11 exhibits significant antitumor properties as a single agent in these tumor models.
Reverse Engineering of Geometrically Complex Automotive Structures Using X-Ray Computed Tomography and Digital Image Based Finite Element Methods (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Stress analyses of complex automotive components can be nearly impossible to achieve due to extreme difficulties in generating a realistic finite element model. A digital image based finite element approach was used to generate a 3-D finite element model from computed tomography (CT) scans of two automotive transmission cases. For the first case, original CT slices of 1024x1024x208 provided by ARACOR Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA) were used to generate a 3-D finite element model containing nearly 400,000 8-node brick elements. For the second case, 770x870x759 CT slices were used to generate a 3-D finite element model containing approximately 650,000 3-D elements. The mesh data generation from CT data for both cases took &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;6 minutes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; each on an engineering workstation. The resulting finite element meshes were analyzed using a specially designed finite element equation solver. Approximate solution time was &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;23 hours&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; for the first case and &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;66 hours&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; for the second case, again on a standard engineering workstation. Von Mises stress results for both cases under a wide open throttle reverse loading condition showed stress concentration in regions that correlated with experimental results. This analysis demonstrates the ability of a digital image based finite element approach to realistically analyze complicated components. When combined with CT data, the digital image based FE system can analyze already manufactured parts for comparison with product design data. The maximum total digital FE analysis turnaround time of &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;3 days&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; including scan time represents a tremendous time savings over traditional finite element meshing techniques which, even if possible, often require an average turnaround time of over &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;90 days&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
Laser micromachining of optical fibre: an instrumentation enabler (2010)

The use of lasers to process optical fibre at INO goes back in the early ’90 when a team developed a CO2 laser-based process to anneal fibre-end surface allowing the lowest back reflection-loss connectors commercially available at that time. Since then, INO has developed several processes for stripping, cleaving, polishing, end-shaping, machining, bending, welding, soldering and packaging optical fibres. More recently, INO has used laser micromachining of optical fibres in order to enable innovative instrumentation in the field of chemical sensors, flow cytometry and gas chromatography.
In vivo assessment of acetylcholine-releasing function at cardiac vagal nerve terminals (2001)

We examined whether the ACh concentration measured by cardiac microdialysis provided information on left ventricular ACh levels under a variety of vagal stimulatory and modulatory conditions in anesthetized cats. Local administration of KCl (n = 5) and ouabain (n = 7) significantly increased the ACh concentration in the dialysate to 4.3 +/- 0.8 and 7.3 +/- 1.3 nmol/l, respectively, from the baseline value of 0.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/l. Intravenous administration of phenylbiguanide (n = 5) and phenylephrine (n = 6) significantly increased the ACh concentration to 5.4 +/- 0.9 and 6.0 +/- 1.5 nmol/l, respectively, suggesting that the Bezold-Jarisch and arterial baroreceptor reflexes affected myocardial ACh levels. Modulation of vagal nerve terminal function by local administration of tetrodotoxin (n = 6), hemicholinium-3 (n = 6), and vesamicol (n = 5) significantly suppressed the electrical stimulation-induced ACh release from 20.4 +/- 3.9 to 0.6 +/- 0.1, 7.2 +/- 1.9, and 2.7 +/- 0.6 nmol/l, respectively. Increasing the heart rate from 120 to 200 beats/min significantly reduced the myocardial ACh levels during electrical vagal stimulation, suggesting a heart rate-dependent washout of ACh. We conclude that ACh concentration measured by cardiac microdialysis provides information regarding ACh release and disposition under a variety of pathophysiological conditions in vivo.
Observation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering for transition-metal hexaammine cations at the outer Helmholtz plane: Implications for enhancement mechanisms at electrochemical interfaces (1984)

Surface–enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been observed at silver electrodes for several transition-metal hexaammine complexes even though these cations cannot bind to the metal surface and are excluded from the electrochemical inner layer by the presence of a monolayer of chloride or bromide anions. The intensity of the SERS metal-ammine stretching vibrations νM−N are comparable to those seen for closely related pentammine complexes that are bound to the surface via specifically adsorbed coordinated ligands. For hexammineruthenium(III), changes in the νM−N frequency with potential indicate the presence of an interfacial Ru(NH3)3+/2+6 couple. The formal potential of this couple obtained from the potential dependence of the SERS intensities is consistent with the Raman scattering ions being located at the outer Helmholtz plane. The implications of these results to current models of SERS in electrochemical environments are noted.
Urinary adrenomedullin is related to ET-1 and salt intake in patients with mild essential hypertension (2001)

Adrenomedullin (ADM) infusion increases salt excretion in the rat. However, there is no evidence that this substance is related to changes in salt intake in humans. In this study we sought whether the urinary excretion rate of this autacoid is related to salt intake and by the expected changes in arterial pressure in patients with mild essential hypertension. The influence of salt intake on the renal excretion of ADM was investigated in 55 hypertensive patients in a double blind, randomized and crossover study comparing a 2-week 50 mmol/day salt intake period with a 150 mmol/day salt intake period. Twenty-four-hour ADM and endothelin-1 (ET-1) excretion rate were measured by radioimmunoassay on preextracted urinary samples (intraassay confidence variable <8%). The antibodies used in these assays had minimal ADM-ET-1 cross-reactivity (<1%). Twenty-four-hour microalbuminuria was measured by nephelometry. On univariate analysis changes in urinary ADM were significantly related to those in salt excretion (r = 0.33, P = .01) as well as to changes in urinary ET-1 (r = 0.56, P = .0001). Furthermore, changes in urinary albumin excretion were related to those in urinary ET-1 (r = 0.26, P = .05), but were independent of those in urinary ADM (P = .19). In a multiple regression model including age, sex, body mass index, and changes in systolic pressure, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone and urine volume, salt excretion resulted as the stronger independent predictor of urinary ADM (r = 0.33, P = .01). However, changes in urinary salt lost prediction power (P = .11) for urinary ADM when urinary ET-1 was introduced into the model. In this model (multiple r = 0.31) urinary ET-1 resulted to be the only independent predictor of urinary ADM (beta = 0.56, P = .0001). This study is the first to show that the renal excretion of ADM is related to changes in salt intake and that it is tightly linked to that of ET-1. The data support the notion that these autacoids play a role in the regulation of sodium metabolism in patients with mild hypertension. The intercorrelations between ET-1, ADM, and microalbuminuria are compatible with the hypothesis that ET-1 is involved in a salt-induced increase in glomerular pressure and suggest that ADM may act as a counterregulatory factor in this situation.
Scattering Analysis for the Modeling of THz Communication Systems (2007)

Modeling propagation channels for future pico-cellular indoor THz communication systems requires the knowledge of the reflective properties of building materials. The reflectivity of smooth, optically thick materials can be modeled with Fresnel equations. In case of materials with a rough surface, diffuse scattering reduces the power reflected in the specular direction. Kirchhoff scattering theory can be employed to derive modified Fresnel equations which account for these losses by introducing a Rayleigh roughness factor calculated from the measured surface height distribution of the sample under observation. Using the resulting, analytically derived reflection coefficient based on material parameter and surface measurements in propagation models enables the simulation of arbitrary configurations. We present a set of calculated and measured reflection coefficients for a selection of common indoor building materials which are in good agreement, thus verifying our modeling approach. Furthermore, we illustrate by ray-tracing simulations the effect of wall and ceiling roughness on propagation in future indoor scenarios. Both, absolute power levels and propagation patterns are shown to be strongly influenced by scattering. In some cases, reflected transmissions with longer propagation paths can be more efficient than the shorter ones in terms of incurred losses.
A Flexible System Concept for LiFi in the Internet of Things (2020)

The evolving Internet of Things (IoT) opens a new mass market for wireless communications. Future IoT applications have diverse performance requirements, such as high data rates, reliable time-sensitive networking, support for high mobility and high user density. As a potential key role in the sixth generation (6G) mobile communication networks, light fidelity (LiFi) exploits light waves to transmit data. In this paper, we propose a flexible system concept for LiFi, addressing the heterogeneous demands of future IoT applications, while using harmonized technology. We identify the technical core components and show how to integrate them into specialized solutions for each application. We exemplify four use cases for LiFi: a) in-home b) enterprise, c) industrial wireless networks, and d) fixed wireless access outdoor links.
Preparation of Bi, Ga-substituted Garnet Films on Glass Substrates by RF Sputtering I (1987)

The effects of ion substitution at rare earth sites and iron sites in garnet was studied to reduce crystallization temperature. Films formed using a Bi, Ga-substituted YIG target on various types of glass substrate were amorphous at low substrate temperatures. Crystallization occurred at around 660°C for a Bi-substitution amount in the range 1.2 to 1.4, but combining Bi-substitution amount over 2 and Ga-substitution enabled reduction of crystallization temperature to around 520°C, though high Bi substitution makes the garnet phase unstable.