gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current sourced bi-directional inductive power transfer system (2011)

Modern electronic systems and appliances are preferably powered through wireless techniques. Inductive power transfer (IPT) is an efficient technique that is suitable for supplying contactless or wireless power to numerous applications. IPT systems with the capability of bi-directional power flow are attractive for applications, such as vehicle-to-grid systems and moving equipment that require contactless charging and discharging, and regenerative energy recovery. This study presents a new bi-directional IPT technique that suppling power from one system to another, across an air-gap and through weak magnetic coupling in both directions. The proposed system employs a parallel resonant circuit together with a controlled rectifier on each side of the air-gap to facilitate bi-directional and contactless power flow. A mathematical model is presented to show that both amount and direction of the power flow can be controlled through either relative phase angle or magnitude control of the voltages generated by controlled rectifiers. The viability of the proposed bi-directional IPT concept is demonstrated with experimental evidence of a 500 W prototype bi-directional IPT system. Both experimental and simulations results are in good agreement, and indicate that the proposed IPT system is feasible and attractive for applications, where bi-directional power flow is advantageous.
Ein räumliches Modell des Krafthebers am Ackerschlepper (1995)

Zur Berechnung der Reaktionskrafte im Heckkraftheber des Ackerschleppers wird ein neuartiges, raumliches Modell vorgestellt, das neben der lastabhangigen Reibung in den Hubzylindern und in den Gelenken auch die Einflusse von Hubwellenverformung, Tragheitskraft, Hangneigung und Reifeneinfederung berucksichtigt. In Verbindung mit den an modernen Schleppern vorhandenen Sensoren ermoglicht das Modell die Gewinnung wertvoller Informationen zum Betriebszustand des angebauten Gerates.
Prediction of β‐sheets in immunoglobulin chains. Comparison of various methods and an expanded 20 × 20 table for evaluation of the effects of nearest‐neighbors on conformations of middle amino acids in proteins (1978)

Abstract The extraordinarily large number of immunoglobulins renders them an intriguing class of molecules for attempts to predict their conformations. The predictive method applied, using a 20 × 20 table of the observed effects of nearest‐neighboring amino acids on the conformation (Φ,Ψ angles) of the middle residue in known proteins, indicates positions of tri‐peptides that tend to break α‐helices or regular β‐sheets. This 20 × 20 table is derived from data on 19 proteins, as compared with the earlier version based on 12 proteins, and includes a separate listing of residues of β‐turns that have helical Φ,Ψ values. Secondary conformations predicted by methods of Chou and Fasman, Lim and Burgess, Ponnuswamy, and Scheraga have also been compared; for all three methods, wrong predicitons of residues in β‐sheet conformation exceed correct ones. Better predictions are obtained when there is agreement with two or three of the methods. If there is consistent overprediction of β‐structure, as with the Chou and Fasman method, the use of the β‐sheet‐breaking tripeptides can improve pre‐dictability somewhat.
Carbon nanotubes as field emission sources (2004)

Micro and nano-structurally rich carbon materials are alternatives to conventional metal/silicon tips for field emission sources. In particular, carbon nanotubes exhibit extraordinary field emission properties because of their high electrical conductivity, their high aspect ratio “whisker-like” shape for optimum geometrical field enhancement, and remarkable thermal stability. This paper will review the PECVD growth process, and the microfabrication techniques needed to produce well defined carbon nanotube based micro-electron sources for use in novel parallel e-beam lithography and high frequency microwave amplifier systems.
MR guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for tumor ablation in brain: preliminary results (2010)

Introduction Brain therapy with transcranial focused ultrasound is a scientific and technological challenge [1,2]. A novel prototype is presented here (SuperSonic Imagine, France), working at the highest frequency envisioned currently for transcranial brain treatment (1MHz). A non invasive time-reversal focusing technique based on CT scans is performed for that purpose [3]. Such a brain therapy device operating at 1MHz should be particularly suited for well defined targets such as metastases and essential tremors. Thanks to the ability of MR to provide temperature maps with a good accuracy every few seconds, ultrasonic ablation of tissues has been implemented clinically and used successfully for the treatment of uterine fibroids [4]. The aim of this study was twofold. The first goal was to check if the new prototype was fully MR-compatible. The second aim was to heat a PVA-gel, and ex vivo brain tissues, directly or through a human skull. The changes in temperature were monitored with MRI.
Compiler support for practical value prediction in high-performance processors (2002)

True data dependences are a serious limitation to exploit sufficient ILP and therefore restrict the performance of superscalar processors. Value prediction has been previously proposed to break true data dependences to increase the ILP available in programs. However, there are several potential difficulties in building practical cost-effective value predictors. 
One of the potential difficulties is efficiently utilizing the limited hardware resources to provide the greatest benefit, including how to select the proper type of predictor for a given instruction and how to choose critical instructions for prediction. We proposed a compiler directed scheme that statically partitions all of the instructions in a program into several groups with different value predictability patterns and assigns priority information to each instruction. Both the value predictability pattern and the priority information are encoded into the instructions. The hardware utilize them to identify the type of value predictor that will be best suited for each instruction and to choose critical instructions for prediction at run-time. 
The other problem is that the delay inherent in updating the value prediction table could introduce a substantial number of wrong value predictions, which then can decrease the overall processor performance. We proposed a technique called hyperprediction to compensate for the delayed updates. This approach accurately computes and records the number of outstanding instances of an instruction. The value predictor can provide reliable predictions for an instruction based on both the currently stored value and the number of outstanding instances. 
Our simulations indicate that the static classification, the priority assignment and the hyperprediction can more efficiently utilize the limited hardware resources and well resolve the delayed update problem of value predictors, therefore consistently improve practical value predictors and then the overall processor performance. This thesis also makes the following additional contributions. Firstly, it further demonstrates the connection between value locality behavior and source-level program structures thereby leading to a deeper understanding of the causes of this behavior. Secondly, it implements both the ideal and practical compiler algorithms of the static classification and priority assignment schemes. Finally, it implements simple and efficient hardware technique—hyperprediction in various value predictors.
Upsilon production cross section inppcollisions ats=7  TeV (2011)

27 páginas, 10 figuras, 9 tablas.-- PACS numbers: 13.85.Ni, 14.40.Pq.-- Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.
Synthesis of bisphenol A‐free oligomeric phthalonitrile resins with sulfone and sulfone‐ketone containing backbones (2016)

ABSTRACT Two new oligomeric sulfone and sulfone‐ketone containing phthalonitrile (PN) resins with excellent processability have been developed. The PN monomers were prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol S with 4‐(chlorophenyl)sulfone or 4,4‐dichlorobenzophenone in the presence of a base in a solvent mixture (dimethylsulfoxide/toluene), followed by end‐capping with 4‐nitro‐PN in a two‐step, one‐pot reaction. These PN resins exhibited good viscosities and cure times for molding into various shapes. After being thermally cured to yield crosslinked polymers, these polymers demonstrated superb mechanical properties, thermo‐oxidative stability, and maintained good dielectric properties. Published 2016. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 1639–1646
Risikostrukturen des Überweisungsverkehrs im französischen Recht (2001)

Im Rahmen der Umsetzung der Richtlinie über grenzüberschreitende Überweisungen wurde das deutsche Überweisungsrecht grundlegend umgestaltet. In der Literatur hat die Neugestaltung zum Teil Kritik erfahren. Bemängelt wurde insbesondere, das neue Recht breche mit herkömmlichen Risikostrukturen des deutschen Überweisungsrechts. -- Christine Schmidt stellt dagegen heraus, daß die neue Risikoverteilung sinnvoll ist. Belegt wird dies durch eine umfassende Untersuchung des französischen Überweisungsrechts, das in seinen Grundstrukturen den Vorgaben der Richtlinie bereits entsprach. Durch eine systematische Analyse der französischen Rechtsprechung und Literatur werden die Risikostrukturen des französischen Überweisungsrechts entwickelt. So findet die Autorin argumentative Grundlagen für eine angemessene Bewältigung von Haftungskonflikten unter dem neuen deutschen Überweisungsrecht. --
Adaptive displacement estimation for optimal reconstruction of thermal strain (2013)

Thermal strain imaging (TSI) can be used to differentiate lipid and water-based tissues in atherosclerotic arteries. However, detecting small lipid pools in vivo requires accurate and robust estimation of displacement over a wide range of displacement magnitudes. Phase-shift estimators such as Loupas' estimator and time-shift estimators like normalized cross-correlation (NXcorr) are commonly used to track tissue displacements. However, Loupas' algorithm is limited by phase-wrapping and NXcorr performs poorly in low SNR situations. In this paper, we present an adaptive displacement estimation algorithm that showed performance that was superior to either Loupas' estimator or NXcorr alone when the displacement estimates were used to reconstruct thermal strain. We evaluated this algorithm using simulation and phantom studies.
Systems genomics in age-related macular degeneration (2022)

Genomic studies in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have identified genetic variants that account for the majority of AMD risk. An important next step is to understand the functional consequences and downstream effects of the identified AMD-associated genetic variants. Instrumental for this next step are 'omics' technologies, which enable high-throughput characterization and quantification of biological molecules, and subsequent integration of genomics with these omics datasets, a field referred to as systems genomics. Single cell sequencing studies of the retina and choroid demonstrated that the majority of candidate AMD genes identified through genomic studies are expressed in non-neuronal cells, such as the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), glia, myeloid and choroidal cells, highlighting that many different retinal and choroidal cell types contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies in retinal tissue have identified putative causal genes by demonstrating a genetic overlap between gene regulation and AMD risk. Linking genetic data to complement measurements in the systemic circulation has aided in understanding the effect of AMD-associated genetic variants in the complement system, and supports that protein QTL (pQTL) studies in plasma or serum samples may aid in understanding the effect of genetic variants and pinpointing causal genes in AMD. A recent epigenomic study fine-mapped AMD causal variants by determing regulatory regions in RPE cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-RPE). Another approach that is being employed to pinpoint causal AMD genes is to produce synthetic DNA assemblons representing risk and protective haplotypes, which are then delivered to cellular or animal model systems. Pinpointing causal genes and understanding disease mechanisms is crucial for the next step towards clinical translation. Clinical trials targeting proteins encoded by the AMD-associated genomic loci C3, CFB, CFI, CFH, and ARMS2/HTRA1 are currently ongoing, and a phase III clinical trial for C3 inhibition recently showed a modest reduction of lesion growth in geographic atrophy. The EYERISK consortium recently developed a genetic test for AMD that allows genotyping of common and rare variants in AMD-associated genes. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were applied to quantify AMD genetic risk, and may aid in predicting AMD progression. In conclusion, genomic studies represent a turning point in our exploration of AMD. The results of those studies now serve as a driving force for several clinical trials. Expanding to omics and systems genomics will further decipher function and causality from the associations that have been reported, and will enable the development of therapies that will lessen the burden of AMD.
Pharmacological Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors Inhibit Replication of Wild-Type and Drug-Resistant Strains of Herpes Simplex Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Targeting Cellular, Not Viral, Proteins (2002)

Pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors (PCIs) block replication of several viruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Yet, these antiviral effects could result from inhibition of either cellular cdks or viral enzymes. For example, in addition to cellular cdks, PCIs could inhibit any of the herpesvirus-encoded kinases, DNA replication proteins, or proteins involved in nucleotide metabolism. To address this issue, we asked whether purine-derived PCIs (P-PCIs) inhibit HSV and HIV-1 replication by targeting cellular or viral proteins. P-PCIs inhibited replication of HSV-1 and -2 and HIV-1, which require cellular cdks to replicate, but not vaccinia virus or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, which are not known to require cdks to replicate. P-PCIs also inhibited strains of HSV-1 and HIV-1 that are resistant to conventional antiviral drugs, which target viral proteins. In addition, the anti-HSV effects of P-PCIs and a conventional antiherpesvirus drug, acyclovir, were additive, demonstrating that the two drugs act by distinct mechanisms. Lastly, the spectrum of proteins that bound to P-PCIs in extracts of mock- and HSV-infected cells was the same. Based on these observations, we conclude that P-PCIs inhibit virus replication by targeting cellular, not viral, proteins.
A Data-Driven Daylight Estimation Approach to Lighting Control (2017)

We consider the problem of controlling a smart lighting system of multiple luminaires with collocated occupancy and light sensors. The objective is to attain illumination levels higher than specified values (possibly changing over time) at the workplace by adapting dimming levels using sensor information, while minimizing energy consumption. We propose to estimate the daylight illuminance levels at the workplace based on the daylight illuminance measurements at the ceiling. More specifically, this daylight estimator is based on a model built from data collected by light sensors placed at workplace reference points and at the luminaires in a training phase. Three estimation methods are considered: regularized least squares, locally weighted regularized least squares, and cluster-based regularized least squares. This model is then used in the operational phase by the lighting controller to compute dimming levels by solving a linear programming problem, in which power consumption is minimized under the constraint that the estimated illuminance is higher than a specified target value. The performance of the proposed approach with the three estimation methods is evaluated using an open-office lighting model with different daylight conditions. We show that the proposed approach offers reduced under-illumination and energy consumption in comparison to existing alternative approaches.
Effective area in slotted high Tc dc washer superconducting quantum interference devices (1998)

Slotted high Tc dc washer superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) exhibit increased effective areas with respect to their solid washer counterparts. To investigate this systematically, a series of SQUIDs with zero to eight slots is fabricated. A maximum gain in effective area of 24% was observed for four slots. A model, considering the slotted washer as a parallel circuit of pick-up inductances can account for the enhanced effective area. A good fit with the experiments is obtained if the London penetration depth at 0 K is taken to be 267 nm. Furthermore, the model provides the current distribution in the slotted SQUIDs.
Bilateral posterior cervical cages provide biomechanical stability: assessment of stand-alone and supplemental fixation for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (2016)

The biomechanical effectiveness of bilateral posterior cages in limiting cervical segmental motion is comparable to single-level plated ACDF. Furthermore, supplementation of single- and multilevel ACDF with posterior cervical cages provided a significant increase in stability and therefore may be a potential, minimally disruptive option for supplemental fixation for improving ACDF fusion rates.
Independence and interdependence of the three human aldolase A promoters in transgenic mice. (1996)

The human aldolase A gene is transcribed from three alternative promoters, clustered in a small 1.6-kb DNA domain. In transgenic mice, the upstream pN and the downstream pH promoters are ubiquitous, whereas the pM promoter, located between pN and pH, is activated specifically in fast skeletal muscles. A strong ubiquitous enhancer, lying upstream of the pH promoter, is necessary for both pN and pH ubiquitous activities, whereas a fast-muscle-specific enhancer, located upstream of the pM promoter, is required for pM-specific activation. In the present study, we use the transgenic mice model to further investigate the contribution of these two regulatory elements to the overall control of these three promoters. We confirm that the pM and pH promoters are activated independently of each other and, in particular, we show that the activation of pM in fast muscle is not responsible for the downregulation of the downstream pH in this tissue. By contrast, the pN promoter needs the presence of both enhancers to reproduce its correct pattern of activity and is unable to function autonomously in vivo.
Maresin-1 regulates type 2 innate lymphoid cells and promotes generation of regulatory T cells to limit allergic inflammation (HYP2P.336) (2015)

Abstract Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that fails to resolve and is classically considered to be mediated by an overzealous CD4+Th2 immune response. Recently, a key role for type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) was shown to have an important role in the initiation and amplification of allergic inflammation; however, mechanisms for ILC2 regulation remain to be determined. In this study, metabololipidomics of murine lungs identified temporal changes in the endogenous levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived pro-resolving mediator, maresin 1, (MaR1) during self-limited allergic inflammation to ovalbumin (OVA). MaR1 decreased after allergen challenge relative to levels found during sensitization, and subsequently increased during the resolution of inflammation. Exogenous administration of MaR1 reduced lung inflammation and ILC2 expression of IL-5 and IL-13 and increased amphiregulin. MaR1 augmented de novo generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which interacted with ILC2s to markedly suppress cytokine production in a TGF-β-dependent manner. Antibody-mediated depletion of Tregs interrupted MaR1 control of ILC2 expression of IL-13 in vivo. These results point to a pivotal role for Tregs in the control of ILC2s in a new proresolving mechanism engaged by MaR1.
<title>Design and fabrication of an infrared wide field of view objective utilizing a hybrid refractive/diffractive optical element</title> (1993)

Many infrared (IR) imaging systems have been proposed which utilize hybrid refractive/diffractive optical elements; however, examples of their use in wide field-of-view (WFOV) lens assemblies have been noticeably absent. This paper discusses the design and aspects of the fabrication of a high performance WFOV infrared objective which utilizes a hybrid refractive/diffractive optical element.
A Real-Time ECG Feature Extraction Algorithm for Detecting Meditation Levels within a General Measurement Setup (2019)

This paper presents a setup for the real-time extraction of Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) features indicating the level of focus, relaxation, or meditation of a given subject. An algorithm for detecting meditation in real-time using the extracted ECG features is designed and shown to lead to accurate results using an online ECG measurement dataset. Similar methods can be used for EEG data, such that the proposed measurement setup can be used, for example, for investigating the effect of virtual reality based EEG training, with and without neurofeedback, on the capability of subjects to focus, relax, or meditate.
Convenient Synthesis of 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-4-[5-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxapentyl]phenols and their thia-Analogues (1998)

A convenient large scale procedure for the synthesis of Nicanartine {2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[5-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxapentyl]phenol}, an antiatherosclerotic compound has been developed, the synthetic route towards the thia-analogue as well as various branched-chain oxa- and thia-derivatives of the parent compound has also been investigated.
Soret Effect of n-Octyl β-d-Glucopyranoside (C8G1) in Water around the Critical Micelle Concentration (2010)

We studied the thermal diffusion behavior of the nonionic surfactant C(8)G(1) (n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside) in water for different concentrations between w = 0.25 wt% and w = 2.0 wt% in a temperature range from T = 15 to 60 degrees C using the classical and infrared thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS) setup. The purpose of the present paper is the investigation of the thermal diffusion behavior of surfactant systems around the critical micelle concentration (cmc), which is independently determined by surface tension measurements. In the classical TDFRS, the surfactant solutions show in the presence of a light-absorbing dye a pronounced change of the thermal diffusion coefficient (D(T)) and the Soret coefficient (S(T)) at the cmc. This result agrees with a recent thermal lens study [Santos et al., Phys. Rev. E 2008, 77, 011403], which also showed in the presence of dye a pronounced change of the thermal lens matter signal around the cmc. We found that this change becomes less pronounced, if the dye is absent or a light source is used, which is not absorbed by the dye. At higher concentrations, we observed a temperature-dependent sign change of S(T) as has also been found for solutions of hard spheres at higher concentrations.