gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Connecting the worlds: Multipoint videoconferencing integrating H.323 and IPv4, SIP and IPv6 with autonomous sender authentication (2009)

In this paper we present a multipoint media conference software with extended network capabilities. Its core components combine an advanced, highly efficient H.264/AVC video coding system. Session signaling follows the SIP standard and simultaneously supports IPv4 and IPv6. Built upon an underlying peer-to-peer communication scheme, it further supports advanced integration with legacy MCUs and thereby enables hybrid sessions that extend into the H.323 world. We demonstrate how our software can span fully functional conferences across these worlds by deploying a passive gateway peer. Finally, we address security issues arising in distributed conferencing systems. It is shown, how the use of cryptographically generated identifiers enables the application to authenticate data on a packet level, thereby preventing abuse and impersonation of the conference overlay network.
Correction to "Estimating two-dimensional frequencies by matrix enhancement and matrix pencil" (1994)

The authors describe an amendment to the paper by Hua (IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.40. no.9, p.2267-80, 1992). The amendment is to the tables where a numerical error was caused by a bug in the noise generation subprogram. The error was not major enough to alter any conclusion drawn. Specifically, the patterns shown in Figs. 1-8 of the original paper are actually the same as the correct ones, but the biases and deviations shown in Tables I and II should be replaced by those given in the present correction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
8OOOV lOOOA GATE TURN-OFF THYRISTOR WITH LOW ON-STATE VOLTAGE AND LOW SWITCHING LOSS (1989)

An 8000V 1000A gate turn-off thyristor has been developed. Low on-state voltage and low switching loss are realized with a combination of a PIN structure and a new ringed anode short structure. In particular, the PIN structure is fabricated by using both a diffusion technique and an epitaxial growth technique (l) .
Model-based Iterative CT Image Reconstruction on GPUs (2017)

Computed Tomography (CT) Image Reconstruction is an important technique used in a variety of domains, including medical imaging, electron microscopy, non-destructive testing and transportation security. Model-based Iterative Reconstruction (MBIR) using Iterative Coordinate Descent (ICD) is a CT algorithm that produces state-of-the-art results in terms of image quality. However, MBIR is highly computationally intensive and challenging to parallelize, and has traditionally been viewed as impractical in applications where reconstruction time is critical. We present the first GPU-based algorithm for ICD-based MBIR. The algorithm leverages the recently-proposed concept of SuperVoxels, and efficiently exploits the three levels of parallelism available in MBIR to better utilize the GPU hardware resources. We also explore data layout transformations to obtain more coalesced accesses and several GPU-specific optimizations for MBIR that boost performance. Across a suite of 3200 test cases, our GPU implementation obtains a geometric mean speedup of 4.43X over a state-of-the-art multi-core implementation on a 16-core iso-power CPU.
Cover Feature: Sparkling Organic Phosphorescence from Fluorinated Tetrathia[7]helicenes: Synthesis and Photophysical, Electrochemical and Computational Studies (Chem. Eur. J. 28/2023) (2023)

Trees are emblems of wisdom, power and prosperity, and recall a growing force connecting different elements (earth, air, water and lives). Philosophers consider trees to be witnesses of the evolution of humans and the planet. In the scientific world the “tree of life” is a metaphor for the connection between complementary fields and expertise. This image communicates that, through appropriate collaborations, interesting research results (the fruits of a tree) can be achieved from which humans could benefit. More information can be found in the Research Article by A. Bossi, E. Licandro and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300339). Image by Dr. Sara Grecchi, Department of Chemistry, University of Milan.
Single‐Cell Investigations of Silver Nanoparticle–Bacteria Interactions (2013)

Interaction of bacteria with citrate‐reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of size 25 nm ± 8.5 nm is studied using Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with plasmon resonance imaging of single bacterial cells. Distribution of isolated nanoparticles (NPs) inside Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922; E. coli) is observed by hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a function of incubation time. Time‐dependent degradation of bacterial DNA upon incubation of AgNPs with E. coli is proven by Raman spectroscopic studies. While attachment of NPs is evident in HSI, molecular changes are evident from the surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of adsorbed DNA and its fragments. Distinct enhancement of DNA features is observed upon interaction of AgNPs and the number of such distinct features increases with incubation time, reaches a maximum, and decreases afterwards. This systematic interaction of DNA with the NPs system and its gradual chemical evolution is proven by investigating isolated plasmid DNA. A comparative Raman study with silver ions has shown that DNA features are observable only when bacteria are incubated with AgNPs. Energetics of interaction examined with microcalorimetry suggests the exothermicity of −1.547 × 10 10 cal mol −1 for the NP–bacteria system. Specific interaction of AgNPs with exocyclic nitrogen present in the bases, adenine, guanine, and cytosine, leads to the changes in DNA.
Effect of photoperiod on LH, FSH, prolactin and melatonin patterns in ovariectomized prepubertal heifers (1987)

Angus and Angus crossbred prepubertal heifers were ovariectomized and randomly assigned to either increasing light simulating the photoperiod of the vernal equinox to the summer solstice (I) or decreasing light simulating the photoperiod of the autumnal equinox to the winter solstice (D) for 43 degrees N latitude. Three blood samples were taken each week for 14 weeks, the first at 11:00 h and two others 2 days later, 1 h before lights on (dark), 1 h before lights off (light). At the end of 14 weeks 4 heifers from each treatment group were cannulated and samples were taken for 12 h at 15-min intervals, 6 h in the light and 6 h in the dark. All sera were assayed for LH, FSH and prolactin. In addition, the samples taken at 15-min intervals were assayed for melatonin. In samples taken weekly at 11:00 h circulating concentrations of LH and prolactin were higher among animals in Group I, while FSH concentrations were not different between Groups D and I. In samples collected weekly in the light or the dark, LH and prolactin concentrations were higher in Group I animals. However, prolactin concentrations were higher and LH concentrations tended to be higher in samples taken in the dark. FSH concentrations were not different between either D or I or dark and light. In samples taken at 15-min intervals the prolactin baseline was higher and pulse amplitude tended to be higher for Group I animals. Neither LH nor FSH pulse characteristics differed between I and D; however, LH baseline and LH pulse amplitude were higher in the dark. Melatonin pulse amplitude was higher among animals in Group D and higher in serum collected in the dark. These results suggest that photoperiod alters circulating concentrations of LH and prolactin and alters pulsatile release of LH, prolactin and melatonin in the prepubertal heifer.
Semiconductor Microcrystals In Porous Glass (1987)

The photochemical method and technique by which a variety of optical structures such as channel waveguides, gratings and GRIN lenses, can be patterned in a porous glass host, have been extended to the stable formation of a number of semiconducting compounds of the III-V, II-VI, and IV-VI families, within the porous glass. The specific compounds prepared are CdS, CdSe, PbS ,PbSe, MoS2, and GaAs. In certain of these cases the reaction is optically initiated thus prescribed geometric structures are obtained. The unique microstructure provided by the porous glass, average pore diameter of 4nm with 30 percent pore volume, leads to small microcrystal size in the quantum confined regime. Optical absorption and photoluminescence data are shown to support this.
Phospholipid-transfer activities in cytosols from lung, isolated alveolar type II cells and alveolar type II cell-derived adenomas (1983)

We have examined phospholipid-transfer activities in cytosols from rat and mouse whole lung, isolated rat alveolar type II cells and alveolar type II cell-derived mouse pulmonary adenomas. We report an enrichment in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol (but not phosphatidylinositol) protein-catalysed transfer in the type II cell and adenoma cytosols compared with the whole-lung cytosols. The activities from these cytosols were resolved using column chromatofocusing, which clearly demonstrated the presence of a phosphatidylcholine-specific transfer protein in each of the four tissues. In addition, two proteins (rat) or three proteins (mouse) catalysing both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol transfer were resolved from whole lung, whereas in both the rat isolated alveolar type II cells and the mouse type II cell-derived adenomas one of these less specific proteins is not present.
Author response: Determining composition of micron-scale protein deposits in neurodegenerative disease by spatially targeted optical microproteomics (2015)

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease affect millions of people worldwide. In many of these diseases, toxic proteins accumulate in the brain and build up as small ‘plaques’ in the gaps, or synapses, that cells called neurons communicate across. Eventually, the plaques prevent the neurons signaling to each other correctly, leading to problems such as memory loss. Identifying the proteins present in plaques is technically challenging, partly because the plaques are very small. Hadley, Rakhit et al. have now developed a new method called spatially targeted optical microproteomics (or STOMP) that can collect proteins from small areas of cells. In this method, plaques are identified under a light microscope, and their contents are attached to a molecule called a photo-affinity tag using lasers. The photo-tagged proteins are then pulled out using beads that specifically bind to the photo-affinity tag. The proteins can then be identified using a well-established method called mass spectrometry. Hadley, Rakhit et al. used STOMP to analyze plaques present in the brains of mice that develop similar symptoms to those seen in humans with Alzheimer's disease. This revealed that these plaques contain more than 50 different proteins, some of which had not previously been found in plaques. In particular, several proteins from the ‘presynaptic’ neuron that sends signals across the synapse were found in the plaques. However, no proteins from the receiving (‘postsynaptic’) neuron on the other side of the synapse were present in the plaque. Fixed human brain tissue is more difficult to analyze than mouse samples because it is modified for storage. In spite of these issues, Hadley, Rakhit et al. successfully also used STOMP to identify the proteins in human plaques. STOMP can be used to identify the proteins present in any area of a cell and thus has the potential to be widely used by scientists, not just those studying plaques.
Energy Efficient Resource Allocation in EH-Enabled CR Networks for IoT (2018)

Cognitive radio (CR) can be leveraged to mitigate the spectrum scarcity problem of Internet of Things (IoT) applications while wireless energy harvesting (WEH) can help reduce recharging/replacing batteries for IoT and CR networks. To this end, we propose to utilize WEH for CR networks in which the CR devices are not only capable of sensing the available radio frequencies in a collaborative manner but also harvesting the wireless energy transferred by an access point. More importantly, we design an optimization framework that captures a fundamental tradeoff between energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency of the network. In particular, we formulate a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem that maximizes EE while taking into consideration of user buffer occupancy, data rate fairness, energy causality constraints, and interference constraints. We further prove that the proposed optimization framework is an NP-hard problem. Thus, we propose a low complexity heuristic algorithm, to solve the resource allocation and energy harvesting optimization problem. The proposed algorithm is shown to be capable of achieving near optimal solution with high accuracy while having polynomial complexity. The efficiency of our proposal is validated through well designed simulations.
285. Exploring On-Target Hematopoietic Toxicity With Highly Potent, High Affinity FRβ-Specific CAR T Cells for AML (2015)

On-target, off-tumor recognition of antigen in normal tissues is one of the largest safety concerns in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. Careful assessment of target protein expression by flow cytometry or IHC can provide helpful data for prediction of potential toxicity. However, high affinity reagents should be carefully chosen in order to assure the most sensitive and thorough investigation of target antigen levels, which may be low in normal tissues. We are currently optimizing our folate receptor beta (FRβ)-directed CAR T cell platform for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and have isolated a high affinity antibody single-chain-variable fragment (scFv) for production of CAR T cells. The high affinity (m923, 2.48nM KD) CAR T cells exhibited greatly enhanced reactivity against FRβ(+) AML in vitro and in vivo compared to previously generated lower affinity (m909, 54.3nM KD) FRβ-specific CAR T cells. However, higher affinity reagents pose the potential for increased risk of toxicity directed against normal tissues. To most accurately predict m923 CAR T cell toxicity, we utilized high affinity m923 IgG for analysis of FRβ expression in normal hematopoietic tissues by flow cytometry. We were able to detect high levels of FRβ in peripheral blood monocytes as well as low levels in myeloid-lineage bone marrow progenitor cells which were non-detectable using m909 IgG. Notably, CD34(+) bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) displayed very low expression of FRβ and m923 CAR T cells did not inhibit HSC colony formation in classic CFU assays. We next examined the ability of m923 CAR T cells to target whole bone marrow populations. Upon co-culture, m923 CAR T cells were able to eliminate FRβ(+) myeloid progenitors while sparing neighboring FRβ(-) bone marrow cells. We hypothesized that, because high affinity FRβ-specific CAR T cells did not impact bone marrow HSCs and non-myeloid-committed progenitors, short-term treatment with CAR T cells may allow for tumor clearance, following which any affected myeloid populations could be reconstituted from healthy HSCs. Therefore, we investigated transient expression via mRNA electroporation of the m923 CAR platform. mRNA-CAR T cells retained effective anti-tumor activity. Our results highlight the importance of antibody affinity for assessment of target protein during CAR development. In addition, we report a highly potent, high affinity FRβ-specific CAR T cell platform that does not target HSCs, and, when delivered transiently through mRNA electroporation, could allow for AML tumor destruction while providing a decreased risk for long-term myeloid toxicity.
BCL-2 and Chemoresistance in Cancer (1995)

Programmed cell death is a physiological process that plays a critical role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis by ensuring that the rate at which new cells are produced in the body through cell division is offset by a commensurate rate of cell loss. Though largely overlooked until recently, it is now becoming increasing appreciated that disturbances in the physiological cell death process that prevent or delay normal cell turnover can be just as important to the pathogenesis of cancer as abnormalities in the regulation of the cell cycle. Perhaps of even greater importance for the clinical oncologist is the recent realization that defects in the cell death pathway are important not only for the origins of cancer, but also may markedly influence our ability to treat it. This is because nearly all chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as radiation, ultimately tap into endogenous physiological pathways for cell death in order to kill cancer cells. Consequently, the loss of genes required for cell death or the over-activation of genes that block it can render tumor cells relatively more resistant to the cytotoxic effects of a broad spectrum of anti-cancer drugs. Knowledge about the genes involved in the regulation of physiological cell death and the alterations that can occur in at least some of them in cancer, therefore, is beginning to contribute useful prognostic information and to suggest approaches for the development of new therapeutics.
Mode Scramblers and Reduced-Search Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Mode-Dependent-Loss-Impaired Transmission (2013)

We propose mode scrambling in combination with reduced-search maximum-likelihood detection for performance enhancement of few-mode fiber transmission systems impaired by mode-dependent loss. Significant reach improvements are demonstrated for 3×- and 6×158-Gb/s MDM QPSK-OFDM transmission.
CP-115,953 stimulates cytokine production by lymphocytes (1995)

The cytotoxic quinolone CP-115,953 specifically exerts its inhibitory effect upon eukaryotic topoisomerase II. CP-115,953 stimulates DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase II with a potency approximately 600 times greater than that of ciprofloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent that currently is in clinical use. Because ciprofloxacin has been reported to strongly enhance interleukin-2 production, we considered it important to study the effect of CP-115,953 on interleukin-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) mRNA and protein expression in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. For comparison, novobiocin and the antineoplastic drug etoposide were also included in the study. CP-115,953 (25 microM) enhanced interleukin-2 mRNA levels up to 8-fold and IFN-gamma mRNA concentrations up to 6.5-fold. In contrast, ciprofloxacin (282 microM) induced mRNAs for interleukin-2 and IFN-gamma up to 20-fold and 7.8-fold, respectively. However, CP-115,953 showed more prolonged kinetics of IFN-gamma mRNA production than ciprofloxacin. At high concentrations (> or = 141 microM), ciprofloxacin was a greater inducer of interleukin-2 production and exhibited a higher level of stimulatory action than CP-115,953 on IFN-gamma synthesis. At low concentrations, however, CP-115,953 (< or = 25 microM) was more potent than ciprofloxacin in inducing interleukin-2 and IFN-gamma synthesis. Etoposide or novobiocin did not influence cytokine mRNA expression. Thus, among the topoisomerase II inhibitors tested, fluoroquinolones are unique in stimulating cytokine synthesis in lymphocyte cultures.
Coherent combining of pulsed fiber amplifiers in the nonlinear chirp regime with intra-pulse phase control (2012)

Two high pulse contrast (> 95 dB) polarization maintaining all-fiber amplifier chains were coherently combined to generate 0.42 mJ, 1 ns 25 kHz pulses with 79% efficiency despite 38 radians of intra-pulse phase distortion. A recursive intra-pulse phase compensation method was utilized to correct for the large nonlinear chirp providing a path for improved coherent waveform control of nanosecond pulse trains.
A four-element Ultra Wideband (UWB) diversity antenna (2010)

This paper proposes circular slot antenna with stepped ground operates only over the range of 2-6 GHz instead of complete UWB range i.e., 3.1-10.6 GHz. The discontinuities between the elements and the system ground planes are introduced to enhance the mutual isolations. In this paper, a four-element compact diversity antenna is presented that operates over the frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz. Further, it is very compact i.e., 80 x 80 mm2, fabricated on FR4 substrate.
Increasing the Distance Between the snRNA Promoter and the 3' Box Decreases the Efficiency of snRNA 3-End Formation (1996)

Chimeric genes which contained the mouse U1b snRNA promoter, portions of the histone H2a or globin coding regions and the U1b 3'-end followed by a histone 3'-end were constructed. The distance between the U1 promoter and the U1 3' box was varied between 146 and 670 nt. The chimeric genes were introduced into CHO cells by stable transfection or into Xenopus oocytes by microinjection. The efficiency of utilization of the U1 3' box, as measured by the relative amounts of transcripts that ended at the U1 3' box and the histone 3'-end, was dependent on the distance between the promoter and 3'-end box. U1 3'-ends were formed with >90% efficiency on transcripts shorter than 200 nt, with 50-70% efficiency on transcripts of 280-400 nt and with only 10-20% efficiency on transcripts >500 nt. Essentially identical results were obtained after stable transfection of CHO cells or after injecting the genes into Xenopus oocytes. The distance between the U1 promoter and the U1 3' box must be <280 nt for efficient transcription termination at the U1 3' box, regardless of the sequence transcribed.
Application of 2-D simulations to hollow Z-pinch implosions (1997)

The application of simulations of z-pinch implosions should have at least two goals: first, to properly model the most important physical processes occurring in the pinch allowing for a better understanding of the experiments and second, provide a design capability for future experiments. Beginning with experiments fielded at Los Alamos on the Pegasus I and Pegasus II capacitor banks, we have developed a methodology for simulating hollow z-pinches in two dimensions which has reproduced important features of the measured experimental current drive, spectrum, radiation pulse shape, peak power and total radiated energy (1,2,3). This methodology employs essentially one free parameter, the initial level of the random density perturbations imposed at the beginning of the 2-D simulation, but in general no adjustments to other parameters (such as the resistivity) are required (1). Limitations in the use of this approach include the use of the 3-T, gray diffusion treatment of radiation and the fact that the initial perturbation conditions are not known a priori. Nonetheless, the approach has been successful in reproducing important experimental features of such implosions over a wide variety of timescales (tens of nanoseconds to microseconds), current drives (3 to 16 MA), masses (submilligram to tens of milligrams), initial radii (<1 cm to 5 cm), materials (Al and W) and initial configurations (thin foils and wire arrays with 40 to 240 wires). Currently we are applying this capability to the analysis of recent Saturn and PBFA-Z experiments (4,5). The code results provide insight into the nature of the pinch plasma prior to arrival on-axis, during thermalization and development after peak pinch time. Among other things, the simulation results provide an explanation for the production of larger amounts of radiated energy than would be expected from a simple slug-model kinetic energy analysis and the appearance of multiple peaks in the radiation power. The 2-D modeling has also been applied to the analysis of Saturn “dynamic hohlraum” experiments and is being used in the design of this and other Z-Pinch applications on PBFA-Z.