gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Micromachined Wiring Board With Integrated Microinductor for Chip-Scale Power Conversion (2014)

This paper presents a multilayer wiring board that integrates a copper air-core microinductor to enable a highly compact, chip-scale power converter module. The wiring board is wafer-level fabricated with three 30-μm-thick electroplated copper layers and is subsequently detached from the fabrication wafer to yield a board that is only 90 μm thick for minimum overall module volume. Within this platform, a stacked-spiral air-core microinductor is designed for high-switching-frequency power conversion and yields high inductance density of 128 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (100 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> by volume, including 600 μm clearances both above and below the inductor to minimize coupling with external conductors). Although this technology is anticipated to be more appropriate for emerging, experimental converters with switching frequencies >30 MHz, a proof-of-concept, ultraminiature (9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> footprint, 0.7 mm thick) power converter module is presented that utilizes the microinductor wiring board in conjunction with a commercially available surface-mount boost regulator (~4 MHz switching frequency). The converter module yielded a maximum output power of 153 mW at 60% efficiency for a volumetric power density of 24 mW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> based on the physical volume occupied by the module (13 mW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> based on the volume needing to be kept clear from external conductors).
Feasibility study of a feed-forwarding voltage-reactive power control method based on linear programming for a central control facility (1998)

Voltage–reactive power control (VVC) on power systems becomes difficult when a load increases or decreases rapidly, especially in the morning and at noon. This is caused mainly by two problems. One is delayed operation and the other is noncooperative operation of facilities. To solve these problems, an advanced method and algorithms for a centralized feed-forwarding control system are presented. They are based on two main steps: forecasting the power system state for several minutes and dispatching reactive power sources optimally based on stepwise linear programming. The proposed method is evaluated and tested for data of a large-scale power system. The results show that the proposed method keeps the voltage constraints well and reduces redundant operation of facilities. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 125(1): 18–26, 1998
BCG therapy is associated with long-term, durable induction of Treg signature genes by epigenetic modulation (2021)

Induction of immunosuppressive T-regulatory cells (Tregs) is a desirable goal in autoimmunity, and perhaps other immune diseases of activation. One promising avenue is with the bacille-calmette-guérin (BCG) vaccine in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). Its administration is associated with gradual clinical improvements in human autoimmunity over a 2-3 year post-vaccination period. We hypothesize that those improvements, and their unusually long time course to fully materialize, are partially attributable to BCG's induction of Tregs. Here we report on a 3 year-long longitudinal cohort of T1Ds and examine the mechanism by which Treg induction occurs. Using the Human Infinium Methylation EPIC Bead Chip, we show that BCG vaccination is associated with gradual demethylation of most of 11 signature genes expressed in highly potent Tregs: Foxp3, TNFRSF18, CD25, IKZF2, IKZF4, CTLA4, TNFR2, CD62L, Fas, CD45 and IL2; nine of these 11 genes, by year 3, became demethylated at the majority of CpG sites. The Foxp3 gene was studied in depth. At baseline Foxp3 was over-methylated compared to non-diabetic controls; 3 years after introduction of BCG, 17 of the Foxp3 gene's 22 CpG sites became significantly demethylated including the critical TSDR region. Corresponding mRNA, Treg expansion and clinical improvement supported the significance of the epigenetic DNA changes. Taken together, the findings suggest that BCG has systemic impact on the T cells of the adaptive immune system, and restores immune balance through Treg induction.
Adaptive predictive coding with applications to radiographs. (1986)

Picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) require storage and transmission of vast amounts of data. For design/cost considerations, it is desirable to reduce the size of these data without sacrificing the integrity of the stored information. The major considerations in designing a data-compression scheme for a PACS system are discussed: fidelity of the reconstructed image, bit rate, hardware complexity, and processing time. The basic principles of conventional nonadaptive differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) are reviewed and compared with adaptive techniques. The effect of adaptive quantization on radiographic images is examined. Special consideration is given to block-adaptive DPCM or the "switched quantizer," which greatly enhances the system performance as compared with nonadaptive techniques, and conservatively has a 5:1 compression ratio. Sample radiographs substantiate the results.
A Schema and Guidelines for Defining Session Initiation Protocol User Agent Profile Datasets (2009)

This document defines the requirements and a format for SIP user agent
profile data. An overall schema is specified for the definition of
profile datasets. The schema also provides for expressing constraints
for how multiple sources of profile data are to be combined. This
document provides a guide to considerations, policies and syntax for
defining datasets to be included in profile data.
Error Tolerance in Server Class Processors (2011)

This paper provides: 1) a very brief motivation and technological trend data to show why hard and soft errors are expected to be of increasing concern in the future; 2) a summary review of chip-level error tolerance practices today-with a brief reference to IBM's POWER6 and POWER7 designs; 3) open research challenges and current solution approaches of promise, based on published literature; and 4) concluding remarks.
Adhesive Mechanisms of Histone-Induced Neutrophil-Endothelium Interactions in the Muscle Microcirculation (2015)

These novel findings define specific selectins and integrins as potential targets for pharmacological intervention in histone-dependent inflammatory diseases.
Cell outage management in LTE networks (2009)

Cell outage management is a functionality aiming to automatically detect and mitigate outages that occur in radio networks due to unexpected failures. We envisage that future radio networks autonomously detect an outage based on measurements, from e.g., user equipment and base stations, and alter the configuration of surrounding radio base stations in order to compensate for the outage-induced coverage and service quality degradations and satisfy the operator-specified performance requirements as much as possible. In this paper we present a framework for cell outage management and outline the key components necessary to detect and compensate outages as well as to develop and evaluate the required algorithms.
Opto-electronic nose - temperature and VOC concentration effects on the equilibrium response (2019)

Electronic Nose (eN) systems use sensor arrays containing multiple probes to generate fingerprints for the sensitive and selective detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). In this paper, we analyzed the effect of VOC concentrations and of temperatures from 5°C to 35°C on the equilibrium response profiles. Fingerprint patterns for 1-butanol are strongly conserved thanks to a quadratic normalization of the row equilibrium data obtained from our opto-eN with Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) detection. Furthermore, a power law behavior of the rescaling factor with VOC concentration was observed and led to a Limit Of Detection (LOD) of 70 ppb for 1-butanol at 25°C.
Superparamagnetic clustering of data: application to computer vision (1999)

The aim of clustering is to partition data according to natural classes present in it. We proposed recently a method that makes no explicit assumption about the structure of the data and under very general and natural assumptions solves the clustering problem by evaluating thermal properties of a disordered (granular) magnet. The method was tested successfully on a variety of artificial and real-life problems; here we emphasize its application to analyze results obtained by a novel method of computer vision. The combination of these two techniques provides a powerful tool that succeeded to cluster properly 90 images of 6 objects on the basis of their pairwise dissimilarities. These dissimilarities, which constitute a highly non-metric set of pairwise distances between the images, form the input for clustering. A hierarchical organization of the images that agrees with human intuition, was obtained without assigning to the images coordinates in some abstract space.
Inside Cover: A Parallel Semisynthetic Approach for Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Peptide YY (ChemMedChem 9/2013) (2013)

The inside cover picture shows a recombinant thioester fragment (pink tube) of the gut hormone peptide YY (PYY) used in a semisynthetic strategy for the design of C-terminally modified (blue chemical structure) PYY analogues with potential applications as antiobesity agents. Combining the native chemical ligation–desulfurization approach with a 96-well plate (background) format allowed rapid parallel generation of PYY analogues that were subsequently tested in cell-based GPCR (blue cartoon) assays. For more details, see the Full Paper by Jens Chr. Norrild, Kristian Strømgaard et al. on p. 1505 ff.
Kinetic modeling of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in differently pretreated fibers from dairy manure (2008)

A kinetic model incorporating dynamic adsorption, enzymatic hydrolysis, and product inhibition was developed for enzymatic hydrolysis of differently pretreated fibers from a nitrogen-rich lignocellulosic material-dairy manure. The effects of manure proteins on the enzyme adsorption profile during hydrolysis have been discussed. Enzyme activity, instead of protein concentration, was used to describe the enzymatic hydrolysis in order to avoid the effect of manure protein on enzyme protein analysis. Dynamic enzyme adsorption was modeled based on a Langmiur-type isotherm. A first-order reaction was applied to model the hydrolysis with consideration being given for the product inhibition. The model satisfactorily predicted the behaviors of enzyme adsorption, hydrolysis, and product inhibition for all five sample manure fibers. The reaction conditions were the substrate concentrations of 10-50 g/L, enzyme loadings of 7-150 FPU/g total substrate, and the reaction temperature of 50 degrees C.
Investigation of the C−H Activation Potential of [Hydrotris(1H-pyrazolato-κN1)borato(1−)]iridium (IrTpx) Fragments Featuring Aromatic Substituentsx at the 3-Position of the Pyrazole Rings, The Choice of the Precursor (2001)

A series of pyrazole-substituted [hydrotris(1H-pyrazolato-κN1)borato(1−)]iridium complexes of the general composition [Ir(Tpx)(olefin)2] (Tpx=TpPh and TpTh) and their capability to activate C−H bonds is presented. As a test reaction, the double C−H activation of cyclic-ether substrates leading to the corresponding Fischer carbene complexes was chosen. Under the reaction conditions employed, the parent compound [Ir(TpPh)(ethene)2] was not isolable; instead, (OC-6-25)-[Ir(TpPhκCPh,κ3N,N′,N″)(ethyl)(η2-ethene)] (1) was formed diastereoselectively. Upon further heating, 1 could be converted exclusively to (OC-6-24)-[Ir(TpPhκ2CPh,CPh,κ3N,N′,N″)(η2-ethene)] (2). Complex 1, but not 2, reacted with THF to give (OC-6-35)-[Ir(TpPhκ3N,N′,N″)H(dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ylidene)] (3), a cyclic Fischer carbene formed by double C−H activation of THF. Accordingly, complexes of the general formula [Ir(Tpx)(butadiene)] (see 4 – 6; butadiene=buta-1,3-diene, 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene (isoprene), 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene) reacted with THF to yield 3 or the related derivative 9. The reaction rate was strongly dependent on the steric demand of the butadiene ligand and the nature of the substituent at the 3-position of the pyrazole rings.
Prolongation of Spinal Anesthesia Differential Action of a Lipid Drug Carrier on Tetracaine, Lidocaine, and Procaine (1992)

This study evaluates prolongation of spinal anesthesia by incorporating local anesthetics in lipid formulation. The duration and intensity of local anesthetic effect produced by different concentrations of procaine (1%, 2%, 4%), lidocaine (1%, 2%, 4%), or tetracaine (0.5%, 1%, 2%) dissolved in normal saline were compared to those produced by the same concentration of drugs in lipid (iophendylate) solution. Fifty rabbits with chronic indwelling subarachnoid catheters were divided into ten equal groups. Three days after the operation the catheters were injected with aqueous solutions of the anesthetics, and 24 h later each animal received an equivalent dose of the corresponding drug in free-base form dissolved in iophendylate. The duration and intensity of motor blockade were assessed using a modified Bromage scale. A separate group of animals received plain normal saline and, 24 h later, iophendylate alone. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Tukey-type test for nonparametric multiple comparisons and the Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis at P less than 0.05. Normal saline or iophendylate alone did not produce any motor blockade. Our data show that iophendylate preparations of local anesthetics produce prolonged but less intense motor blockade than the aqueous solutions, except for tetracaine 0.5% in iophendylate, which produced shorter duration of motor blockade. The reduced intensity of motor blockade may be explained by decreased availability of local anesthetic at the nerve tissue due to storage of drug in the lipid depot. The increased duration of blockade signifies a sustained release of drug from the depot.
Mice Transgenic for Monocyte-Tropic HIV Type 1 Produce Infectious Virus and Display Plasma Viremia: A New in Vivo System for Studying the Postintegration Phase of HIV Replication (2000)

To generate an in vivo system for investigating the postintegration phase of HIV-1 replication, mouse lines transgenic for a full-length infectious proviral clone of a monocyte-tropic HIV-1 isolate, HIV-1JR-CSF, were constructed. Leukocytes from two independent JR-CSF transgenic mouse lines produced HIV-1 that infected human PBMCs. Plasma viremia was detected in these mice at levels (mean, >60,000 HIV RNA copies/ml) comparable to those reported for HIV-1-infected individuals. The levels of HIV RNA in these mice increased several-fold after either treatment with the superantigen Staphylococcus enterotoxin B or infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus, a provirus encoding a monocyte-tropic HIV-1 strain under the control of its LTR expressed as a transgene in mice can proceed through the postintegration replication phase and produce infectious virus. In addition, the presence of plasma viremia that can be monitored by measuring plasma HIV-1 RNA levels permits these mice to be used to study the impact of different interventions on modulating in vivo HIV-1 production. Therefore, these mice provide a novel manipulable system to investigate the in vivo regulation of HIV-1 production by factors that activate the immune system. Furthermore, this murine system should be useful in delineating the role of human-specific factors in modulating HIV-1 replication and investigating the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of agents that target the postintegration stages of HIV-1 replication.
Prolonged exposure of the HIV-1 gp41 membrane proximal region with L669S substitution (2010)

The conserved membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 envelope is a target for the rare broadly neutralizing 2F5, Z13, and 4E10 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). One strategy to elicit such antibodies is to design an immunogen with increased exposure of the 2F5 and 4E10 mAb epitopes. In this study we characterize a single leucine to serine substitution at position 669 (L669S) in the gp41 Env MPER that confers >250-fold more neutralization sensitivity to 2F5 and 4E10 mAbs than does the wild-type gp41 sequence. On synthetic liposomes, increased solvent exposure of MPER tryptophan residues and stable docking of 2F5 and 4E10 mAbs to mutant MPER peptide liposomes indicate more favorable membrane orientation of MPER neutralizing epitopes with L669S substitution. The time during which virus is sensitive to 2F5 mAb-mediated neutralization is approximately 3-fold longer when the mutation is present. These data suggest that a major contribution to the L669S mutant virus phenotype of enhanced susceptibility to MPER mAbs is prolonged exposure of the MPER neutralizing epitope during viral entry.
Critical size limit of biodegradable nanoparticles for enhanced lymph node trafficking and paracortex penetration (2019)

Lymph node (LN) targeting through interstitial drainage of nanoparticles (NPs) is an attractive strategy to stimulate a potent immune response, as LNs are the primary site for lymphocyte priming by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and triggering of an adaptive immune response. NP size has been shown to influence the efficiency of LN-targeting and retention after subcutaneous injection. For clinical translation, biodegradable NPs are preferred as carrier for vaccine delivery. However, the selective "size gate" for effective LN-drainage, particularly the kinetics of LN trafficking, is less well defined. This is partly due to the challenge in generating size-controlled NPs from biodegradable polymers in the sub-100-nm range. Here, we report the preparation of three sets of poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene-glycol) (PLGA-<i>b</i>-PEG) NPs with number average diameters of 20-, 40-, and 100-nm and narrow size distributions using flash nanoprecipitation. Using NPs labeled with a near-infrared dye, we showed that 20-nm NPs drain rapidly across proximal and distal LNs following subcutaneous inoculation in mice and are retained in LNs more effectively than NPs with a number average diameter of 40-nm. The drainage of 100-nm NPs was negligible. Furthermore, the 20-nm NPs showed the highest degree of penetration around the paracortex region and had enhanced access to dendritic cells in the LNs. Together, these data confirmed that small, size-controlled PLGA-<i>b</i>-PEG NPs at the lower threshold of about 30-nm are most effective for LN trafficking, retention, and APC uptake after <i>s.c.</i> administration. This report could inform the design of LN-targeted NP carrier for the delivery of therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines.
Mixed-valent vanadium substituted polyoxometalates: the wheel shaped [Rb3⊂{VVVIV3O7(H2O)6}2{H6P6W39O147(H2O)3}]15− (2010)

The wheel shaped polyoxoanion [Rb3⊂{VVVIV3O7(H2O)6}2{H6P6W39O147(H2O)3}]15− comprising a macrocyclic tungstophosphate template wheel [P6W39O147(H2O)3]30− ({P6W39}) capped by two unprecedented mixed-valent oxovanadium {(VVO)(VIVO)3(µ2-O)3(H2O)6}3+ groups has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, TGA, IR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The title polyanion represents the first example of the {P6W39} unit stabilizing a polynuclear metal assembly.
Connexin 43 as a signaling platform for increasing the volume and spatial distribution of regenerated tissue (2009)

Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is ubiquitous in the majority of vertebrate cells and is required for the proper development of most tissues. The loss of gap junction-mediated cell-to-cell communication leads to compromised development in many tissues and organs. Because cells constantly interact through gap junctions to coordinate tissue functions and homeostasis, we hypothesized that increasing cell-to-cell communication, via genetically engineering cells to overexpress gap junction proteins, could enhance cell differentiation in the interior regions of 3D tissue equivalents, thereby increasing the ability to regenerate larger and more uniform volumes of tissue. To test this hypothesis, we used bone as a model tissue because of the difficulty in achieving spatially uniform bone regeneration in 3D. In bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), GJIC and osteogenic differentiation were compromised in 3D cultures relative to 2D monolayers and in the core of 3D cultures relative to the surface. Overexpression of connexin 43 (Cx43) via transduction of BMSCs with a lentivirus overcame this problem, enhancing both the magnitude and spatial distribution of GJIC and osteogenic differentiation markers throughout 3D constructs. Transplantation of cells overexpressing Cx43 resulted in an increased volume fraction and spatial uniformity of bone in vivo, relative to nontransduced BMSCs. Increased GJIC also enhanced the effect of a potent osteoinductive agent (BMP-7), suggesting a synergism between the soluble factor and GJIC. These findings present a platform to improve cell-to-cell communication in 3D and to achieve uniformly distributed tissue regeneration in 3D.
[National program of early detection of cancer in Croatia]. (2010)

In Croatia, the public health service has made maximal use of all its resources in the national programs of early cancer detection. Great efforts and time, along with continuous education of all those involved in the program, have been invested in preparatory activities, organization and coordination of the program, contacts and collaboration with family physicians, specialist units, mass media, regional and local authorities, partnership with non-governmental societies, monitoring, evaluation and quality control.
VEGFA Isoforms as Pro-Angiogenic Therapeutics for Cerebrovascular Diseases (2023)

Therapeutic angiogenesis has long been considered a viable treatment for vasculature disruptions, including cerebral vasculature diseases. One widely-discussed treatment method to increase angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A. In animal models, treatment with VEGFA proved beneficial, resulting in increased angiogenesis, increased neuronal density, and improved outcome. However, VEGFA administration in clinical trials has thus far failed to replicate the promising results seen in animal models. The lack of beneficial effects in humans and the difficulty in medicinal translation may be due in part to administration methods and VEGFA's ability to increase vascular permeability. One solution to mitigate the side effects of VEGFA may be found in the VEGFA isoforms. VEGFA is able to produce several different isoforms through alternative splicing. Each VEGFA isoform interacts differently with both the cellular components and the VEGF receptors. Because of the different biological effects elicited, VEGFA isoforms may hold promise as a tangible potential therapeutic for cerebrovascular diseases.