gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical characterizations of Cr doped persistent luminescence nanoparticles (2016)

Persistent luminescence nanoparticles have recently been proposed as innovative optical probes for small animal in vivo imaging. The main advantage of such probes is their ability to emit light for a long time after the end of their excitation, allowing in vivo imaging with low background. This work reports new information on the physico-chemical characterizations of Cr doped ZnGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoprobes in terms of synthetic procedure, luminescence properties as well as colloidal stabilities in different aqueous media and over the time.
25-GHz Operation of ERSFQ Time-to-Digital Converter (2021)

Fast time-to-digital converters (TDCs), used to convert a continuous time interval into discrete number for further processing, serve diverse applications ranging from photon/particle detectors to communication systems employing delay-encoded pulses. Being a multi-rate digital circuit, the TDC is also a good candidate to explore operation of Energy-Efficient Rapid Single Flux Quantum (ERSFQ) circuits at high (>10 GHz) clock frequency. We designed a TDC using ERSFQ cells, targeting the 10-kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SFQ5ee fabrication process at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The main elements of the circuit comprise a 9-bit binary ripple counter and a parallel-to-serial converter. A frequency divider and a pulse distribution network with a decision-making element are designed to control the operation. The ERSFQ TDC was operated up to 25 GHz clock frequency (40 ps time resolution) and with a power consumption of around 14 μW for all ERSFQ components. The design specifications such as number of junctions and area will be discussed together with the power delivery technique involving an over-pumped feeding Josephson transmission line (JTL).
G-109 Reverse vaccinology identified promising vaccine candidates focusing responses to relatively conserved regions associated with control of viremia (2014)

Background: HIV sequence diversity and potential “decoy” epitopes are hurdles in the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. To target immune responses towards invariable viral regions, we engineered DNA-based immunogens encoding conserved elements (CE) of HIV-1 selected on the basis of stringent conservation, functional importance, HLA-independence, and association with immune control. Methods: Macaques were immunized by IM/EP with DNA plasmids expressing the novel immunogens alone or in prime-boost regimens using DNA expressing the complete p55gag or rMVA. Results: Two molecules were tested expressing regions from (1) p24gag (p24CE) or (2) gag, pol, vif and nef (HTI). These DNA vaccines induced robust central and effector memory responses with a significant fraction of cytotoxic T cells. Repeated vaccination with p55gag DNA was inefficient in inducing primary responses against the CE epitopes but it was able to boost the preexisting responses induced by p24CE, strongly increasing both magnitude and breadth. Although designed as CTL vaccine, these vectors elicited Ab responses, which could be boosted, thereby inducing highest and broadest immunity. Conclusions: The novel HIV-1 T cell vaccines induce broadly balanced responses to vulnerable sites of HIV-1 while avoiding responses to decoy targets that may divert effective T-cell responses towards variable and less protective viral determinants. Combination of CE and full-length immunogen provides a novel strategy to increase the magnitude and breadth of cellular and humoral immunity while targeting efficiently the conserved regions of the virus. This strategy allows for the development and expansion of subdominant responses and greater breadth of immune response.
Towards an Integrated Optic Phase-Locked Oscillator (2008)

Abstract not provided.
Integration of polymer bonded magnets into magnetic sensors (2014)

This paper introduces a novel assembly and manufacturing technology for integrating permanent magnets into magnet sensor modules by use of plastic bonded magnets. High precision speed sensors in automotive applications, e.g. in anti-blocking-system or engine management, are based on a magnetic measurement principle [1]. Typical sensor modules contain a semiconductor based sensor chip and a permanent magnet providing the necessary bias field (see Fig. 1). This field is modulated by a passing external gear wheel out of material with high magnetic permeability, which is part of the magnetic circuit. The wheel speed can directly be determined by measuring the frequency of the magnetic field modulation. Permanent magnets are often assembled in a sequential pick and place process. We report a novel assembly technology by direct molding of thermoplast bonded magnets onto a chip carrier containing pre-assembled sensors. We will show, that this offers the following advantages: - Highest accuracy - Optimum working point, in particular for GMR sensors - High throughput by efficient parallel process - Simplification of the module assembly.
Outcome trends in people with heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the UK over twenty years (2021)

NIHR fellowship [reference: NIHR 30011].
Panoptic Multi-TSDFs: a Flexible Representation for Online Multi-resolution Volumetric Mapping and Long-term Dynamic Scene Consistency (2022)

For robotic interaction in environments shared with other agents, access to volumetric and semantic maps of the scene is crucial. However, such environments are inevitably subject to long-term changes, which the map needs to account for. We thus propose panoptic multi-TSDFs as a novel representation for multi-resolution volumetric mapping in changing environments. By leveraging high-level information for 3D reconstruction, our proposed system allocates high resolution only where needed. Through reasoning on the object level, semantic consistency over time is achieved. This enables our method to maintain up-to-date reconstructions with high accuracy while improving coverage by incorporating previous data. We show in thorough experimental evaluation that our map can be efficiently constructed, maintained, and queried during online operation, and that the presented approach can operate robustly on real depth sensors using non-optimized panoptic segmentation as input.
High-resolution and multi-range particle separation by microscopic vibration in an optofluidic chip (2017)

An optofluidic chip is demonstrated in experiments for high-resolution and multi-range particle separation through the optically-induced microscopic vibration effect, where nanoparticles are trapped in loosely overdamped optical potential wells created with combined optical and fluidic constraints. It is the first demonstration of separating single nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 60 to 100 nm with a resolution of 10 nm. Nanoparticles vibrate with an amplitude of 3-7 μm in the loosely overdamped potential wells in the microchannel. The proposed optofluidic device is capable of high-resolution particle separation at both nanoscale and microscale without reconfiguring the device. The separation of bacteria from other larger cells is accomplished using the same chip and operation conditions. The unique trapping mechanism and the superb performance in high-resolution and multi-range particle separation of the proposed optofluidic chip promise great potential for a diverse range of biomedical applications.
Investigating the potential for long-term permeable reactive barrier (PRB) monitoring from the electrical signatures associated with the reduction in reactive iron performance (2005)

The objective of this work was to conduct laboratory and field experiments to determine the sensitivity of low frequency electrical measurements (resistivity and induced polarization) to the processes of corrosion and precipitation that are believed to limit permeable reactive barrier (PRB) performance. The research was divided into four sets of experiments that were each written up and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal: [1] A laboratory experiment to define the controls of aqueous chemistry (electrolyte activity; pH; valence) and total zero valent iron (Fe0) available surface area on the electrical properties of Fe0 columns. [2] A laboratory experiment to determine the impact of corrosion and precipitation on the electrical response of synthetic Fe0 columns as a result of geochemical reactions with NaSO4 and NaCO3 electrolytes. [3] Laboratory experiments on a sequence of cores retrieved from the Kansas City PRB to determine the magnitude of electrical and geochemical changes within a field active PRB after eight years of operation [4] Field-scale cross borehole resistivity and induced polarization monitoring of the Kansas City PRB to evaluate the potential of electrical imaging as a technology for non-invasive, long-term monitoring of indicators of reduced PRB performance This report first summarizes the findings of the four major experiments conducted under this research. The reader is referred to the four papers in Appendices 1-4 for a full description of each experiment, including motivation and significance, technical details, findings and implications. The deliverables of the project, including the publications, conference papers and new collaborative arrangements that have resulted are then described. Appendices 5-6 contain two technical reports written by co-PI Korte describing (1) supporting geochemical measurements, and (2) the coring procedure, conducted at the Kansas City PRB as part of this project.
Dual-Action Lipophilic Iminosugar Improves Glycemic Control in Obese Rodents by Reduction of Visceral Glycosphingolipids and Buffering of Carbohydrate Assimilation (2009)

The lipophilic iminosugar N-[5-(adamantan-1-ylmethoxy)pentyl]-1-deoxynojirimycin (2, AMP-DNM) potently controls hyperglycemia in obese rodent models of insulin resistance. The reduction of visceral glycosphingolipids by 2 is thought to underlie its beneficial action. It cannot, however, be excluded that concomitant inhibition of intestinal glycosidases and associated buffering of carbohydrate assimilation add to this. To firmly establish the mode of action of 2, we developed a panel of lipophilic iminosugars varying in configuration at C-4/C-5 and N-substitution of the iminosugar. From these we identified the l-ido derivative of 2, l-ido-AMP-DNM (4), as a selective inhibitor of glycosphingolipid synthesis. Compound 4 lowered visceral glycosphingolipids in ob/ob mice and ZDF rats on a par with 2. In contrast to 2, 4 did not inhibit sucrase activity or sucrose assimilation. Treatment with 4 was significantly less effective in reducing blood glucose and HbA1c. We conclude that the combination of reduction of glycosphingolipids in tissue and buffering of carbohydrate assimilation by 2 produces a superior glucose homeostasis.
Golgi and Post-Golgi Protein Sorting and Proteolytic Processing (2000)

In this study, two series of novel 1,4-benzothiazine-3-one derivatives with alkyl substitution (series 1: 4a-4f) and aryl substitution (series 2: 4g-4l) were designed and synthesized based on the chemical scaffolds of perampanel, hydantoins, progabide and etifoxine as anti-convulsant agents. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy. Anti-convulsant effect of the compounds was examined through intraperitoneal pentylenetetrazol (i.p. PTZ) induced epilepsy mouse models. Compound 4h (4-(4-bromo-benzyl)- 4 H-benzo[b] [1,4] thiazin-3(4 H)-one) demonstrated a promising activity toward chemically-induced seizure experiment. Molecular dynamics simulation on GABA-Aergic receptors as a plausible mechanism were also done to achieve the binding and orientation of compounds in the active site of the target to evaluate the results of docking and experimental studies. The computational results were confirmed the biological activity. DFT study of 4c and 4h was performed on B3LYP/6-311 G<sup>**</sup> level of theory. Reactivity descriptors such as HOMO, LUMO, electron affinity, ionization potential, chemical potential, hardness and softness were studied in detail and show that 4h has higher activity than 4c. Also, the frequency calculations were performed on the same level of theory and the results are in line with experimental data. Moreover, in silico ADMET properties were done to establish a relationship between the physiochemical data of the designed compounds and their in-vivo activity. Appropriate plasma protein binding and high blood-brain barrier penetration are the main features of desired in-vivo performance.
Visual-Inertial Odometry with Sparse Map Constraints for Planetary Swarm Exploration (2019)

This paper presents an Unscented Kalman Filter approach to visual-inertial odometry with sparse inequality map constraints. The system setup is motivated by a planetary swarm-exploration scenario, in which agile and light-weight agents (e.g. UAVs) navigate in an environment that was already partially mapped by complementary swarm vehicles (e.g. rovers). It is based on a state-of-the-art monocular system that facilitates state updates via three-view geometrical constraints of matched features. An IMU provides measurements for state prediction between successive updates. Our central contribution to the state-of the-art is the introduction of a method to incorporate inequality constraints on accessible space. These are given in the form of ordered sparse coordinates with associated vectors that identify accessible areas. We present experiments with data from the KITTI Vision Benchmark Suite, which contains all necessary data types acquired by an automotive system, along with simulated map constraints. Our results illustrate the potential and limitations of such sparse inequality constraints to correct for the drift of the odometry system.
MULTILAYER PROBLEMS IN THE SPHERICAL HARMONICS METHOD (1957)

In applying the spherical harmonics method to multilayer problems it is necessary to invert certain matrices. It is shown, for the cases of plane and spherical symmetry, that these inverse matrices can easily be written down explicitly, so that there is no need for numerical matrix inversion.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of α‐Tetralones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of the lipid bilayer in hair-bundle mechanics (2013)

Deflection of auditory hair cell hair bundle results in a nonlinear force-displacement relationships whose molecular mechanism remains unknown. A gating spring model posits that mechano-sensitive channels are in series with a spring such that channel opening puts the activation gate in series with the spring, thus reducing spring extension until further stimulation is provided. Here we present a theoretical analysis of whether the lipid membrane might be the source of nonlinearity. A hair bundle kinematic model is coupled with a lipid membrane model that includes a diffusible compartment into which the tip-link embeds and a minimally diffusive reservoir pool. Using physiological parameters this model was capable of reproducing nonlinear force-displacement plots, including a negative stiffness component but required a standing tip-link tension. [Work supported in part by grants R01-DC07910 and R01-DC03896 from the NIDCD of NIH and by The Timoshenko fund from Mechanical Engineering Department at Stanford University].
Molecular characteristics of two lung carcinoma cell-line associated membrane antigens. (1984)

The molecular characteristics of the antigens detected by the moab BW 181/26 and BW 166/6 are described. The 55 KD molecule defined by BW 181/26 is strongly attached to the plasma membrane and is not secreted, whereas the 140 KD (96 KD) and 120 KD (61 KD) molecules recognized by BW 166/6 are loosely associated to the cell membrane and secreted into the tissue culture medium. The last two antigens might be used as markers for the early detection of certain lung carcinomas, whereas the 55 KD membrane associated antigen could be a target for immunotoxins used in immunotherapy of cancer.
Different Myrosinase and Idioblast Distribution in Arabidopsis and Brassica napus (2001)

Myrosinase (EC 3.2.3.1) is a glucosinolate-degrading enzyme mainly found in special idioblasts, myrosin cells, in Brassicaceae. This two-component system of secondary products and degradative enzymes is important in plant-insect interactions. Immunocytochemical analysis of Arabidopsis localized myrosinase exclusively to myrosin cells in the phloem parenchyma, whereas no myrosin cells were detected in the ground tissue. In Brassica napus, myrosinase could be detected in myrosin cells both in the phloem parenchyma and in the ground tissue. The myrosin cells were similar in Arabidopsis and B. napus and were found to be different from the companion cells and the glucosinolate-containing S-cells present in Arabidopsis. Confocal laser scanning immunomicroscopy analysis of myrosin cells in B. napus embryos showed that the myrosin grains constitute a continuous reticular system in the cell. These findings indicate that in the two species studied, initial cells creating the ground tissue have different potential for making idioblasts and suggest that the myrosinase-glucosinolate system has at least partly different functions. Several myrosinases in B. napus extracts are recovered in complex together with myrosinase-binding protein (MBP), and the localization of MBP was therefore studied in situ. The expression of MBP was highest in germinating seedlings of B. napus and was found in every cell except the myrosin cells of the ground tissue. Rapid disappearance of the MBP from the non-myrosin cells and emergence of MBP in the myrosin cells resulted in an apparent colocalization of MBP and myrosinase in 7-d-old seedlings.
Topological Design and Modulation Strategy for Buck–Boost Three-Level Inverters (2009)

To date, designed topologies for DC-AC inversion with both voltage buck and boost capabilities are mainly focused on two-level circuitries with extensions to three-level possibilities left nearly unexplored. Contributing to this area of research, this paper presents the design of a number of viable buck-boost three-level inverters that can also support bidirectional power conversion. The proposed front-end circuitry is developed from the Cuk-derived buck-boost two-level inverter, and by using the ldquoalternative phase opposition dispositionrdquo modulation scheme, the buck-boost three-level inverters can perform distinct five-level line voltage and three-level phase voltage switching by simply controlling the active switches located in the designed voltage boost section of the circuits. As a cost saving option, one active switch can further be removed from the voltage boost section of the circuits by simply rerouting the gating commands of the remaining switches without influencing the AC output voltage amplitude. To verify the validity of the proposed inverters, MATLAB/PLECS simulations were performed before a laboratory prototype was implemented for experimental testing.
When the Optimal Is Not the Best: Parameter Estimation in Complex Biological Models (2010)

The case studied in this paper shows one example in which model parameters that optimally fit the data are not necessarily the best ones from a biological point of view. To avoid force-fitting a model to a dataset, we propose that the best model parameters should be found by choosing, among suboptimal parameters, those that match criteria other than the ones used to fit the model. We also conclude that the model, data and optimization approach form a new complex system and point to the need of a theory that addresses this problem more generally.
Excitation Duration and Onset Time Effects in Active Thermography (2016)

In flash thermography, the surface of a test piece is excited by a pulse of light from a xenon flash lamp that is powered by a capacitor discharge. Typically, the lamps and power supplies are commercial units designed for photography applications. The equipment most often used for thermography has nominal energy output of 4-6 kJ and duration 3-5 msec. However, the actual optical output is more complex, since the energy rating pertains to the electrical discharge of the capacitors, and does not account for efficiency in converting electrical current to light, or resistive losses in the transfer of energy from the power supply to the lamp. Furthermore, the nominal flash duration that is usually cited for thermography refers to the full width, half maximum duration, and does not convey the fact that the flash pulse, which contains both visible and IR components, has an extended IR tail that continues for tens of milliseconds after the visible (white light) flash. In previous work, we introduced a hardware device to truncate the duration of the flash so that the lamp output more closely resembles a rectangular pulse, with durations as low as 200 microseconds. In addition to the flash duration, the relationships between the onset of the flash and the integration and readout functions of the IR camera focal plane are critical, and can be exploited to great advantage in some measurement applications. In this work, we compare performance of normal flash performance with truncated performance where the onset time has been optimized, with examples including thickness measurement of thermal barrier coating (TBC) and depth measurement of subsurface features in aluminum.
An optical interconnection network for terabit IP routers (2000)

As data traffic increases exponentially in the Internet, a need of deploying ATM switches or IP routers with terabit/s capacity is emerging. By taking advantage of the advanced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, we propose a nonblocking WDM-based optical interconnection network (OIN) to interconnect multiple electronic router modules (RMs), where packets are stored and processed. The proposed architecture uses an input-output buffering scheme, where the OIN operates at twice the line rates to alleviate the head-of-line blocking and thus achieves close to 100% throughput. The OIN is capable of performing multicasting using the method of broadcast and select. Output port contention among the input packets is resolved by a novel ping-pong arbitration (PPA) scheme. For a 256-input packet switch, the arbitration can be completed within 11 gates delay, less than 5 ns using the current CMOS technology. We analyze the complexity of the OIN in optical components and interconnections, its power budget, and crosstalk caused by the finite ON-OFF ratio of optical switching gates. Bit error rates with respect to different ON-OFF ratios and extinction ratios are evaluated by simulations. The result shows that it is feasible to construct a 256/spl times/256 OIN with existing technology.