gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of premature lymphocyte aging in people with low anti-spike antibody levels after BNT162b2 vaccination (2022)

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have unquestionably blunted the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but host factors such as age, sex, obesity, and other co-morbidities can affect vaccine efficacy. We identified individuals in a relatively healthy population of healthcare workers (CORALE study cohort) who had unexpectedly low peak anti-spike receptor binding domain (S-RBD) antibody levels after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. Compared to matched controls, "low responders" had fewer spike-specific antibody-producing B cells after the second and third/booster doses. Moreover, their spike-specific T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire had less depth and their CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>T cell responses to spike peptide stimulation were less robust. Single cell transcriptomic evaluation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed activation of aging pathways in low responder B and CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells that could underlie their attenuated anti-S-RBD antibody production. Premature lymphocyte aging may therefore contribute to a less effective humoral response and could reduce vaccination efficacy.
Singlet Fission via an Excimer-Like Intermediate in 3,6-Bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives (2016)

Singlet fission (SF) in polycrystalline thin films of four 3,6-bis(thiophen-2-yl)diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) chromophores with methyl (Me), n-hexyl (C6), triethylene glycol (TEG), and 2-ethylhexyl (EH) substituents at the 2,5-positions is found to involve an intermediate excimer-like state. The four different substituents yield four distinct intermolecular packing geometries, resulting in variable intermolecular charge transfer (CT) interactions in the solid. SF from the excimer state of Me, C6, TEG, and EH takes place in τSF = 22, 336, 195, and 1200 ps, respectively, to give triplet yields of 200%, 110%, 110%, and 70%, respectively. The transient spectra of the excimer-like state and its energetic proximity to the lowest excited singlet state in these derivatives suggests that this state may be the multiexciton (1)(T1T1) state that precedes formation of the uncorrelated triplet excitons. The excimer decay rates correlate well with the SF efficiencies and the degree of intermolecular donor-acceptor interactions resulting from π-stacking of the thiophene donor of one molecule with the DPP core acceptor in another molecule as observed in the crystal structures. Such interactions are found to also increase with the SF coupling energies, as calculated for each derivative. These structural and spectroscopic studies afford a better understanding of the electronic interactions that enhance SF in chromophores having strong intra- and intermolecular CT character.
Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: From Molecules to Intercellular Communication Network (2013)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specific subset of naturally occurring dendritic cells, that secrete large amounts of Type I interferon and play an important role in the immune response against viral infection. Several studies have highlighted that they are also effective antigen presenting cells, making them an interesting target for immunotherapy against cancer. However, the modes of action of pDCs are not restricted to antigen presentation and IFN secretion alone. In this review we will highlight a selection of cell surface proteins expressed by human pDCs that may facilitate communication with other immune cells, and we will discuss the implications of these molecules for pDC-driven immune responses.
Optical trapping performance of dielectric-metallic patchy particles (2015)

We demonstrate a series of simulation experiments examining the optical trapping behavior of composite micro-particles consisting of a small metallic patch on a spherical dielectric bead. A full parameter space of patch shapes, based on current state of the art manufacturing techniques, and optical properties of the metallic film stack is examined. Stable trapping locations and optical trap stiffness of these particles are determined based on the particle design and potential particle design optimizations are discussed. A final test is performed examining the ability to incorporate these composite particles with standard optical trap metrology technologies.
Glucose Tolerance in Papua New Guinea: Comparison of Austronesian and Non‐Austronesian Communities of Karkar Island (1991)

Epidemiological studies in Pacific populations have suggested a relationship between glucose tolerance and proportional Austronesian genetic admixture, with non-Austronesian Melanesians relatively free of glucose intolerance. However, a survey conducted in 1985 demonstrated the apparent emergence of glucose intolerance in a peri-urban non-Austronesian community, casting doubt on this hypothesis. In 1986 glucose tolerance was studied in three village communities on Karkar Island, Papua New Guinea. Two were of Austronesian and one was of non-Austronesian genetic ancestry. Prevalence of diabetes was low in all communities. However, prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 7% in the more developed Austronesian community, as compared with 2% in the equivalent non-Austronesian group (p less than 0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated not only a highly significant association between 2-h plasma glucose and insulin concentrations (p less than 0.001), but also that for a given value of plasma insulin, 2-h plasma glucose values were lower for non-Austronesian than for Austronesian subjects (males, p less than 0.05, females, p less than 0.01). However, average plasma insulin concentrations were relatively high in the non-Austronesian community, despite lower average plasma glucose concentrations.
Mobility Prediction for 5G Core Networks (2021)

Mobility is an essential factor in the 5G core network (CN). If the network control plane can predict mobility, the operation will be more efficient and agile with intelligent and proactive decisions. So far, mobility patterns and their prediction models have been extensively studied in the research community with cellular network datasets. Recently, 3GPP initiated the specification of a CN architecture for data analysis and machine learning. In this article, in accordance with this trend, we provide a taxonomy of mobility prediction frameworks in 5G CNs ranging from data collection to model serving, with consideration of the 3GPP architecture and interfaces; and we introduce two key use cases in 5G CNs, where the gains from mobility predictions are evaluated on datasets from live networks. In particular, one of the proposed methods, machine-learning-assisted adaptive paging, reduces signaling overhead by up to 75 percent.
Strategies toward the design of energetic ionic liquids: nitro- and nitrile-substituted N,N′-dialkylimidazolium salts (2006)

Twelve novel 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts containing strongly electron-withdrawing nitro- and cyano-functionalities directly appended to the cationic heterocyclic rings have been synthesized; the influences of the substituents on both formation and thermal properties of the resultant ionic liquids have been determined by DSC, TGA, and single crystal X-ray diffraction, showing that an electron-withdrawing nitro-substituent can be successfully appended and has a similar influence on the melting behaviour as that of corresponding methyl group substitution. Synthesis of di-, or trinitro-substituted 1,3-dialkylimidazolium cations was unsuccessful due to the resistance of dinitro-substituted imidazoles to undergo either N-alkylation or protonation, while 1-alkyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazoles were successfully alkylated to obtain 1,3-dialkyl-4,5-dicyanoimidazolium salts. Five crystal structures (one of each cation type) show that, in the solid state, the NO2-group has little significant effect, beyond the steric contribution, on the crystal packing.
Measurement of the Cross Sections of $\Xi^0_{c}$ and $\Xi^+_{c}$ Baryons and of the Branching-Fraction Ratio BR($\Xi^0_{c} \rightarrow \Xi^-{e}^+\nu_{ e}$)/BR($\Xi^0_{c} \rightarrow \Xi^-\pi^+$) in pp collisions at 13 TeV (2021)

The $p_T$-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ$_c^0$ and Ξ$_c^+$ were measured at midrapidity (|y|&lt;0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ$_c^0$ baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ$^-$e$^+$ν$_e$) and the hadronic decay (Ξ$^-$π$^+$) channels. The Ξ$_c^+$ baryon was reconstructed via the hadronic decay (Ξ$^-$π$^+$π$^+$) channel. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ξ$_c^0$→Ξ$^-$e$^+$ν$_e$)/BR(Ξ$_c^0$→Ξ$^-$π$^+$) = 1.38±0.14(stat)±0.22(syst) was measured with a total uncertainty reduced by a factor of about 3 with respect to the current world average reported by the Particle Data Group. The transverse momentum ($p_T$) dependence of the Ξ$_c^0-$ and Ξ$_c^+$-baryon production relative to the D$^0$ meson and to the Σ$_c^{0,+,++}$- and Λ$_c^+$-baryon production are reported. The baryon-to-meson ratio increases toward low $p_T$ up to a value of approximately 0.3. The measurements are compared with various models that take different hadronization mechanisms into consideration. The results provide stringent constraints to these theoretical calculations and additional evidence that different processes are involved in charm hadronization in electron-positron (e$^+$e$^-$) and hadronic collisions.
The effect of long‐term streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on contractile and relaxation responses of coronary arteries: selective attenuation of CGRP‐induced relaxations (2000)

1. This study investigates the effect of partially metabolic controlled long-term (34 weeks) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on relaxation and contractile responses of isolated coronary arteries to seven different vasoactive agents. 2. The average fasting and non-fasting blood glucose concentrations (mM) were significantly elevated in STZ-induced diabetic rats (P<0.0001; 10.4+/-0.4 and 16. 6+/-1.1, n=15) compared to those (4.3+/-0.03 and 4.7+/-0.18, n=11) in age-matched controls. The level of glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1)) was also significantly (P<0.0001) increased in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In STZ-induced diabetic rats, the HbA(1) levels were significantly correlated with the non-fasting blood glucose concentrations (r=0.76; P=0.003; n=13). In both groups, there was no significant correlation between the HbA(1) levels and maximal responses or sensitivities to the vasoactive agents. 3. The maximal relaxation induced by rat-alphacalcitonin gene-related peptide (rat-alphaCGRP) was significantly attenuated in the coronary arteries of STZ-induced diabetic rats (P<0.05; 40+/-7%, n=15) compared to that in age-matched controls (63+/-3%, n=11). However, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity to rat-alphaCGRP between the two groups. 4. There was no significant difference in either maximal response or sensitivity to any of the six other vasoactive agents between STZ- induced diabetic rats (n=15) and age-matched controls (n=11). 5. Our results show that partially metabolic controlled long-term (34 weeks) STZ-induced diabetes causes a selective depression of rat-alphaCGRP-induced relaxation in the intramural coronary arteries of Wistar rats.
Endoscopic Observation and Treatment for the Ear Diseases (2015)

Endoscopic observation and treatment have been remarkably developed in so many fields of the medicine, because they are very clear to observe local disease and no traumatic. In otolaryngology, what is the reason that endoscopic application is very popular in rhinology and unpopular in otology? Working space may be important factor for limited use of endoscope in narrow external ear canal and middle ear. Another reason may be difficult operative skill to introduce an endoscopic ear surgery.Our ear surgeon holds an endoscope with 2.7 or 4 mm diameter and 17 cm long in the left hand and handles surgical tools in the right hand. Both two devices are introduced into the middle ear through the external ear canal.Merit of endoscopic-aided ear surgery is that its observation can give a full and clearly view of the middle ear cleft. Detailed observation can avoid an injury of the facial nerve or the inner ear. Moreover, endoscope can show a residual cholesteatoma under the ossicles or in the tympanic sinus which lesion might not be found with a microscopic observation. Therefore, an endoscope should be introduced more and more for ear surgery, especially in case of children. The anatomical feature may cause ear surgeon to hesitate the use of an endoscope in children. We have performed an endoscope-aided ear surgery in children for the last three years and endoscope was possible to apply for safe operation in every case of children.Our conclusion is that endoscope should be used more in daily ear clinic for accurate diagnosis of ear disease and in ear surgery for safe operation with full view of middle ear cavity and to avoid residual disease.
Systematic Power Factor Enhancement in n‐Type NiETT/PVDF Composite Films (2018)

Abstract Nickel ethenetetrathiolate (NiETT) coordination polymers are shown to exhibit high thermoelectric performance as pressed pellets. Because the material is insoluble, films are formed by fabricating a composite of the material in an inert polymer matrix, a process that adversely impacts thermoelectric properties. To date, a reliable and reproducible synthesis has not been reported, which was the motivation for a systematic study of the substeps involved to understand the reaction mechanism. The results of these studies yield optimized reaction conditions for high performance n‐type films, which are derived from empirical studies and material characterization. Herein, a reaction procedure is presented that gives reproducible properties when preparing batches in the 0.5–15 g range. The identity of the counterion, nickel equivalency, and oxidation extent are investigated, which provide insight into the synthetic reaction mechanism and the ligand‐centered oxidation process in these polymers. Optimized materials based on Na[NiETT] exhibit one of the highest n‐type thermoelectric performance for solution‐processed films reported to date, with power factors of 23 µW (m K) −2 (due to conductivities approaching 50 S cm −1 ) while maintaining their stability in ambient conditions.
Black-box Explanation of Object Detectors via Saliency Maps (2021)

We propose D-RISE, a method for generating visual explanations for the predictions of object detectors. Utilizing the proposed similarity metric that accounts for both localization and categorization aspects of object detection allows our method to produce saliency maps that show image areas that most affect the prediction. D-RISE can be considered "black-box" in the software testing sense, as it only needs access to the inputs and outputs of an object detector. Compared to gradient-based methods, D-RISE is more general and agnostic to the particular type of object detector being tested, and does not need knowledge of the inner workings of the model. We show that D-RISE can be easily applied to different object detectors including one-stage detectors such as YOLOv3 and two-stage detectors such as Faster-RCNN. We present a detailed analysis of the generated visual explanations to highlight the utilization of context and possible biases learned by object detectors.
End expiratory oxygen concentrations to predict central venous oxygen saturation: an observational pilot study (2019)

Abstract Background A non-invasive surrogate measurement for central venous oxygen saturation (ScVO2) would be useful in the ED for assessing therapeutic interventions in critically ill patients. We hypothesized that either linear or nonlinear mathematical manipulation of the partial pressure of oxygen in breath at end expiration (EtO2) would accurately predict ScVO2. Methods Prospective observational study of a convenience sample of hemodialysis patients age > 17 years with existing upper extremity central venous catheters were enrolled. Using a portable respiratory device, we collected both tidal breathing and end expiratory oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, volume and flow on each patient. Simultaneous ScVO2 measurements were obtained via blood samples collected from the hemodialysis catheter. Two models were used to predict ScVO2: 1) Best-fit multivariate linear regression equation incorporating all respiratory variables; 2) MathCAD to model the decay curve of EtO2 versus expiratory volume using the least squares method to estimate the pO2 that would occur at <20% of total lung capacity. Results From 21 patients, the correlation between EtO2 and measured ScVO2 yielded R2 = 0.11. The best fit multivariate equation included EtCO2 and EtO2 and when solved for ScVO2, the equation yielded a mean absolute difference from the measured ScVO2 of 8 ± 6% (range -18 to +17%). The predicted ScVO2 value was within 10% of the actual value for 57% of the patients. Modeling of the EtO2 curve did not accurately predict ScVO2 at any lung volume. Conclusion We found no significant correlation between EtO2 and ScVO2. A linear equation incorporating EtCO2 and EtO2 had at best modest predictive accuracy for ScVO2.
Penetrating and Intrastromal Corneal Arcuate Incisions in Rabbit and Human Cadaver Eyes: Manual Diamond Blade and Femtosecond Laser-Created Incisions (2015)

Penetrating femtosecond laser arcuate incisions have more predictable and controlled outcomes shown by less post-operative scarring than incisions performed with a diamond blade. Intrastromal incisions do not affect uncut corneal layers as demonstrated by histopathology. The femtosecond laser has significant advantages in its ability to make intrastromal incisions which are not achievable by traditional freehand or mechanical diamond blades.
Spatial Loading Based On Channel Covariance Feedback And Channel Estimates (2004)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Viena, Austria, 2004
Asymptotically optimal blind fractionally spaced channel estimation and performance analysis (1997)

When the received data are fractionally sampled, the magnitude and phase of most linear time-invariant FIR communications channels can be estimated from second-order output only statistics. We present a general cyclic correlation matching algorithm for known order FIR blind channel identification that has closed-form expressions for calculating the asymptotic variance of the channel estimates. We show that for a particular choice of weights, the weighted matching estimator yields (at least for large samples) the minimum variance channel estimator among all unbiased estimators based on second-order statistics. Furthermore, the matching approach, unlike existing methods, provides a useful estimate even when the channel is not uniquely identifiable from second-order statistics.
Discovery of Phenyl Acetic Acid Substituted Quinolines as Novel Liver X Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis (2006)

A structure-based approach was used to optimize our new class of quinoline LXR modulators leading to phenyl acetic acid substituted quinolines 15 and 16. Both compounds displayed good binding affinity for LXRbeta and LXRalpha and were potent activators in LBD transactivation assays. The compounds also increased expression of ABCA1 and stimulated cholesterol efflux in THP-1 cells. Quinoline 16 showed good oral bioavailability and in vivo efficacy in a LDLr knockout mouse model for lesions.
TMPRSS4: A Novel Tumor Prognostic Indicator for the Stratification of Stage IA Tumors and a Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for NSCLC Patients (2019)

Relapse rates in surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are between 30% and 45% within five years of diagnosis, which shows the clinical need to identify those patients at high risk of recurrence. The eighth TNM staging system recently refined the classification of NSCLC patients and their associated prognosis, but molecular biomarkers could improve the heterogeneous outcomes found within each stage. Here, using two independent cohorts (MDA and CIMA-CUN) and the eighth TNM classification, we show that TMPRSS4 protein expression is an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC, particularly for patients at stage I: relapse-free survival (RFS) HR, 2.42 (95% CI, 1.47-3.99), <i>p</i> < 0.001; overall survival (OS) HR, 1.99 (95% CI, 1.25-3.16), <i>p</i> = 0.004). In stage IA, high levels of this protein remained associated with worse prognosis (<i>p</i> = 0.002 for RFS and <i>p</i> = 0.001 for OS). As <i>TMPRSS4</i> expression is epigenetically regulated, methylation status could be used in circulating tumor DNA from liquid biopsies to monitor patients. We developed a digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) method to quantify absolute copy numbers of methylated and unmethylated CpGs within the <i>TMPRSS4</i> and <i>SHOX2</i> (as control) promoters in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. In case-control studies, we demonstrated that <i>TMPRSS4</i> hypomethylation can be used as a diagnostic tool in early stages, with an AUROC of 0.72 (<i>p</i> = 0.008; 91% specificity and 52% sensitivity) for BAL and 0.73 (<i>p</i> = 0.015; 65% specificity and 90% sensitivity) for plasma, in early stages. In conclusion, TMPRSS4 protein expression can be used to stratify patients at high risk of relapse/death in very early stages NSCLC patients. Moreover, analysis of <i>TMPRSS4</i> methylation status by ddPCR in blood and BAL is feasible and could serve as a non-invasive biomarker to monitor surgically resected patients.
A Comparison of Grain Size Measurements in Al-Cu Thin Films: Imaging verses Diffraction Techniques (2002)

Numerous microscopy techniques, based on both imaging and diffraction, exist for the measurement of grain size distributions in polycrystalline thin-film samples. The accuracy of each technique is affected by two major factors: the effective resolution of the instrument relative to the characteristic grain size and the recognition of boundaries between adjacent grains during postprocessing. Techniques sensitive to the sample surface, such as focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), can be used under the assumption that the thin film possess a columnar microstructure. Electron backscatter patterning (EBSP) is sensitive to the grain orientation within approximately 50 nm below the thin film surface whereas scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) obtains information through the thin film thickness. Several techniques rely on manual or automated recognition of grain boundaries through differential contrast between the grains (STEM, FIB) or at grain boundaries (AFM). EBSP delineates grains by calculating the relative misorientation of adjacent data points. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of these techniques in determining grain size information for several sputter-deposited thin films.
Ultra-sensitive time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of biomolecule interactions with plasmonic nanoantennas (2014)

We demonstrate a plasmonically enhanced infrared spectroscopy technology that enables in-situ and real-time measurements of protein and nano particle interactions at ultra-high sensitivity by overcoming fundamental water absorption limitations.