gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Phytochemical characterization of the Secondary metabolites from Flowers of the cultivated orchid Cymbidium sp. from Samos Island (2022)

Orchidaceae family, commercialized either as loose flowers or as potted plants in floriculture worldwide. The non-marketable parts (unsuitable flowers, leaves, pseudobulbs, roots) generate an enormous quantity of by-products with potential for utilization in the production of bioactive substances and dermocosmetic products. Following our previous work regarding the phytochemical analysis and dermo-cosmetic evaluation of cultivation by-products [1], we proceeded with the phytochemical analysis of the discarded flowers of Cymbidium sp.
Geometry-based next frame prediction from monocular video (2017)

We consider the problem of next frame prediction from video input. A recurrent convolutional neural network is trained to predict depth from monocular video input, which, along with the current video image and the camera trajectory, can then be used to compute the next frame. Unlike prior next-frame prediction approaches, we take advantage of the scene geometry and use the predicted depth for generating the next frame prediction. Our approach can produce rich next frame predictions which include depth information attached to each pixel. Another novel aspect of our approach is that it predicts depth from a sequence of images (e.g. in a video), rather than from a single still image. We evaluate the proposed approach on the KITTI dataset, a standard dataset for benchmarking tasks relevant to autonomous driving. The proposed method produces results which are visually and numerically superior to existing methods that directly predict the next frame. We show that the accuracy of depth prediction improves as more prior frames are considered.
Chromatography on Self-Assembled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Stationary phases that provide high resolutions and are stable at high temperatures are of significant importance in chromatographic analysis. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to have high thermal and mechanical stability and have the potential to be high-performance separation media that utilize the nanoscale interactions. Here, we report the first application of self-assembled CNTs in long capillary tubes for the development of gas chromatography columns. A film of CNTs was deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to form the stationary phase in the open tubular format. High-resolution separation of a number of compounds has been achieved. Altering the CVD conditions can vary the thickness and the morphology of the CNT film, which opens the possibility of selectivity tuning. The ability to fabricate long tubes coated with CNTs can be readily employed in other gas- and liquid-phase separations as well.
Multi-axis foot reaction force/torque sensor for biomedical applications (2009)

To support an Oak Ridge National Laboratory programs exoskeleton project, a unique multi-axis foot force/torque sensor was constructed and tested that has biomedical application such as clinical gait analysis. The challenging aspect of this multi-axis force sensor is that it had to conform to the bending of the human foot, withstand high impact loads, have high force sensitivity, feel comfortable to the human wearer, be integrated into a military style boot, measure the forces on the human foot when either the ball or the heel of the foot is in contact with the ground, respond to both positive and negative loading and have a low overall height and weight. This paper describes the design and testing of this unique sensor.
Measuring the costs of biosafety regulation and the potential impacts on biotechnology research and development. (2006)

University of Missouri-Columbia, USA University of California Davis, USA Abstract The regulatory approval process for new biotech crop varieties is said to be unduly slow and expensive, presenting important barriers to development of new cropping technologies. To date, however, the private and social costs have not been analyzed or measured, let alone compared to alternatives. This paper reports initial findings from our research on the costs of regulatory compliance for biotech crops. We describe and document the regulatory requirements, and we provide estimates of representative compliance costs for key biotechnologies based on confidential data supplied by several major biotech companies.
Thermally conductive and electrically insulating epoxy nanocomposites with thermally reduced graphene oxide–silica hybrid nanosheets (2013)

We herein report on the preparation of epoxy nanocomposites, which had enhanced thermal conductivities but were still electrical insulators, incorporating hybrid nanosheets (NSs) with sandwich structures composed of thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) and silica. The silica layer covered the surface of the TRGO, hindering electrical conduction and effectively forming a 3D phonon transport channel that had a unique effect on the electrical and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix. A 1 wt% TRGO-silica NS epoxy nanocomposite maintained an electrical resistivity of 2.96 × 10(11)Ω cm, and its thermal conductivity was 0.322 W m(-1) K(-1), which is 61% higher than the conductivity of an epoxy nanocomposite without TRGO-silica NSs (0.2 W m(-1) K(-1)).
Microcladding of hypereutectic Al–Si alloys: technological aspects and structure features (2014)

This study aims to investigate the technological possibility to generate high precision microrange structure from aluminium alloys using laser microcladding. Clad tracks of Al–Si alloys with different silicon contents with lateral resolution of ∼200 μm were produced using co-axial laser microcladding. Particle size distribution with surface morphology and microstructure of the initial powders were investigated. Mechanisms of structure formation in Al–Si alloys during laser microcladding were studied. It was revealed that the chemical composition of the powder material influences the structure formation process and microhardness of hypereutectic Al–Si alloys produced by microcladding. In addition, the effect of processing parameters on the microstructure and geometry of the resulted tracks is discovered. The conclusions on technological possibility of manufacturing the single tracks with width of <500 μm from hypereutectic Al–Si alloys were made.
ChemInform Abstract: THE OXAHYDRINDENE COMPONENT OF THE AVERMECTINS (1985)

Abstract Aus dem literaturbekannten Glucose‐Derivat (Ia) wird, wie im Formelschema angedeutet, die Zielverbindung (X) dargestellt.
Photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium bounded externally or internally by an infinitely long circular cylindrical applicator I Steady-state theory (2010)

This work presents an analytic treatment for photon diffusion in a homogeneous medium bounded externally or internally by an infinitely long circular cylindrical applicator. Focusing initially on the steady-state condition, the photon diffusion in these two geometries is solved in cylindrical coordinates by using modified Bessel functions and by applying the extrapolated boundary condition. For large cylinder diameter, the analytic solutions may be simplified to a format employing the physical source and its image source with respect to a semi-infinite geometry and a radius-dependent term to account for the shape and dimension of the cylinder. The analytic solutions and their approximations are evaluated numerically to demonstrate qualitatively the effect of the applicator curvature--either concave or convex--and the radius on the photon fluence rate as a function of the source-detector distance, in comparison with that in the semi-infinite geometry. This work is subjected to quantitative examination in a coming second part and possible extension to time-resolved analysis.
Hot Electron Field EmissionviaIndividually Transistor-Ballasted Carbon Nanotube Arrays (2012)

We present electronically controlled field emission characteristics of arrays of individually ballasted carbon nanotubes synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on silicon-on-insulator substrates. By adjusting the source-drain potential we have demonstrated the ability to controllable limit the emission current density by more than 1 order of magnitude. Dynamic control over both the turn-on electric field and field enhancement factor have been noted. A hot electron model is presented. The ballasted nanotubes are populated with hot electrons due to the highly crystalline Si channel and the high local electric field at the nanotube base. This positively shifts the Fermi level and results in a broad energy distribution about this mean, compared to the narrow spread, lower energy thermalized electron population in standard metallic emitters. The proposed vertically aligned carbon nanotube field-emitting electron source offers a viable platform for X-ray emitters and displays applications that require accurate and highly stable control over the emission characteristics.
Chemical Bath Deposition of ZnO Nanowires Using Copper Nitrate as an Additive for Compensating Doping (2021)

The controlled incorporation of dopants like copper into ZnO nanowires (NWs) grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) is still challenging despite its critical importance for the development of piezoelectric devices. In this context, the effects of the addition of copper nitrate during the CBD of ZnO NWs grown on Au seed layers are investigated in detail, where zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine are used as standard chemical precursors and ammonia as an additive to tune the pH. By combining thermodynamic simulations with chemical and structural analyses, we show that copper oxide nanocrystals simultaneously form with ZnO NWs during the CBD process in the low-pH region associated with large supersaturation of Cu species. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) speciation diagrams reveal that both species show very similar behaviors, as they predominantly form either X<sup>2+</sup> ions (with X = Cu or Zn) or X(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup> ion complexes, depending on the pH value. Owing to their similar ionic structures, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup> ions preferentially formed in the low- and high-pH regions, respectively, are able to compete with the corresponding Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Zn(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup> ions to adsorb on the <i>c-</i>plane top facets of ZnO NWs despite repulsive electrostatic interactions, yielding the significant incorporation of Cu. At the highest pH value, additional attractive electrostatic interactions between the Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>2+</sup> ion complexes and negatively charged <i>c-</i>plane top facets further enhance the incorporation of Cu into ZnO NWs. The present findings provide a deep insight into the physicochemical processes at work during the CBD of ZnO NWs following the addition of copper nitrate, as well as a detailed analysis of the incorporation mechanisms of Cu into ZnO NWs, which are considered beyond the only electrostatic forces usually driving the incorporation of dopants such as Al and Ga.
Leadership: A Function of Organisations as Complex Systems (2022)

Abstract The chapter describes an approach to teaching people how to understand organisations by focussing on observing what is going on in the group itself and the experiences of the members individually and collectively. This mode of learning does not use descriptions or theories about organisations but sees each group as unique in its particularities not as generalisable behaviour. The approach is called subjective theory and provides a basis for a general theory of organisations which has eluded most writers but is epitomised in the work of Carl Rogers and Encounter Groups. The method fits well with the concept of the reflective practitioner and has a long tradition dating from the 1930s and the work of the Tavistock Institute and Elliot Jaques, and the Glacier Papers. The approach has been poplar in the UK, Canada, the USA, Western Europe, South Africa and Australia. Subjective theory provides a way of counterbalancing the currently dominant objective approaches used in artificial intelligence which often becomes reductionist and simplistic.
Subacute Low Dose Nerve Agent Exposure Causes DNA Fragmentation in Guinea Pig Leukocytes (2005)

The objective of present study was to determine levels of DNA fragmentation in blood leukocytes from guinea pigs by 'Comet' assay after exposure to soman at doses ranging from 0.1LD50 to 0.4 LD50, once per day for 10 days. Post-exposure recovery periods were 0, 17 or 110 days. Leukocytes were imaged from each animal, and the images analyzed by computer. Data obtained for exposure to soman demonstrated significant increases in DNA fragmentation in circulating leukocytes in CWNA treated guinea pigs as compared with saline injected control animals at all doses at 0 and 17 days post-exposure periods. Notably, significantly increased DNA fragmentation was observed in leukocytes 17 days after cessation of soman exposure. However, no significant DNA fragmentation was observed at 110 days post-exposure. Our findings demonstrate that leukocyte DNA fragmentation assays may provide a sensitive biomarker for low dose CWNA exposure.
Oct1 and OCA-B are selectively required for CD4 memory T cell function (2015)

Epigenetic changes are crucial for the generation of immunological memory. Failure to generate or maintain these changes will result in poor memory responses. Similarly, augmenting or stabilizing the correct epigenetic states offers a potential method of enhancing memory. Yet the transcription factors that regulate these processes are poorly defined. We find that the transcription factor Oct1 and its cofactor OCA-B are selectively required for the in vivo generation of CD4(+) memory T cells. More importantly, the memory cells that are formed do not respond properly to antigen reencounter. In vitro, both proteins are required to maintain a poised state at the Il2 target locus in resting but previously stimulated CD4(+) T cells. OCA-B is also required for the robust reexpression of multiple other genes including Ifng. ChIPseq identifies ∼50 differentially expressed direct Oct1 and OCA-B targets. We identify an underlying mechanism involving OCA-B recruitment of the histone lysine demethylase Jmjd1a to targets such as Il2, Ifng, and Zbtb32. The findings pinpoint Oct1 and OCA-B as central mediators of CD4(+) T cell memory.
Microfabricated Electrospun Collagen Membranes for 3-D Cancer Models and Drug Screening Applications (2009)

Invasive epithelial tumors form from cells that are released from their natural basement membrane and form 3-D structures that interact with each other and with the microenvironment of the stromal tissues around the tumor, which often contains collagen. Cancer cells, growing as monolayers on tissue culture plastic, do not reflect many of the properties of whole tumors. This shortcoming limits their ability to serve as models for testing of pharmacologically active compounds, including those that are being tested as antineoplastics. This work seeks to create new 3-D cellular materials possessing properties similar to those in native tissues surrounding cancers, specifically electrospun micro- and nanofibrous collagen scaffolds that support tumor growth in 3-D. We hypothesize that a 3-D culture system will provide a better replica of tumor growth in a native environment and, thus, better report the bioactivity of antineoplastic agents. In addition, we optimized conditions and identified physical characteristics that support growth of the highly invasive, prostate cancer bone metastatic cell line C4-2B on these matrices for use in anticancer drug studies. The effects of matrix porosity, fiber diameter, elasticity, and surface roughness on growth of cancer cells were evaluated. Data indicates that while cells attach and grow well on both nano- and microfibrous electrospun membranes, the microfibrous membrane represented a better approximation of the tumor microenvironment. It was also observed that C4-2B nonadherent cells migrated through the depth of two electrospun membranes and formed colonies resembling tumors on day 3. An apoptosis study revealed that cells on electrospun substrates were more resistant to both antineoplastic agents, docetaxel (DOC), and camptothecin (CAM) compared to the cells grown on standard collagen-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TCP). Growth, survival, and apoptosis were measured, as well as the differences in the apoptotic capabilities, of the two above-mentioned compounds compared to known clinical performance. We conclude that 3-D electrospun membranes are amenable to high throughput screening for cancer cell susceptibility and combination killing (Banerjee, S.; Hussain, M.; Wang, Z.; Saliganan, A.; Che, M.; Bonfil, D.; Cher, M.; Sarkar, F.H. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Research&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;b&gt;2007&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;i&gt;67&lt;/i&gt; (8), 3818−26).
Three-Color Fluorescence Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy for Analyzing Complex Nanoparticle Mixtures (2012)

Further insight toward the complex association and dissociation events of macromolecules requires the development of a spectroscopic technique that can track individual components, or building blocks of these macromolecules, and the complexes which they form, in real time. Three-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (3C-FCCS) has been shown to track assemblies of three spectrally labeled species in solution. Here, we clearly show that 3C-FCCS is capable of distinguishing beads barcoded with quantum dots from free quantum dots in the background despite the 800-to-1 difference in concentration of these two components. The validation of this spectroscopic technique in combination with the development of barcode labels would enable one to start to investigate complex association and dissociation kinetics of macromolecules and nanomaterials during the assembly process.
Carbon Canister Modeling for Evaporative Emissions: Adsorption and Thermal Effects (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A one-dimensional carbon canister adsorption model (CANMOD) has been developed to assist in the prediction of the performance of carbon bed canisters in vehicle evaporative emissions control systems. The model accounts for mass transfer and transient thermal phenomena, both of which are found to be essential in accurately describing canister behavior. The model assumes the vapor above the carbon to be in equilibrium with the adsorbed mass while the local temperature is determined by the dynamic balance between the heat of adsorption, carbon heat capacity and heat loss to ambient. The results of the model compare well with laboratory data on a 1L canister under load and purge conditions typical of vehicle operation. Variables investigated include: load level, feedgas concentration, and purge rate.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The model accurately predicts the hydrocarbon mass adsorbed by the canisters, as well as breakthrough times, and hydrocarbon removal rates. Less accurate predictions are obtained for details of the breakthrough curve and local bed temperatures at the highest loading and purge rates, indicating a need for refinement of the model by including transient vapor-carbon mass transfer, and two-dimensional effects.&lt;/div&gt;
Selecting Screening Candidates for Kinase and G Protein-Coupled Receptor Targets Using Neural Networks (2002)

A series of neural networks has been trained, using consensus methods, to recognize compounds that act at biological targets belonging to specific gene families. The MDDR database was used to provide compounds targeted against gene families and sets of randomly selected molecules. BCUT parameters were employed as input descriptors that encode structural properties and information relevant to ligand-receptor interactions. In each case, the networks identified over 80% of the compounds targeting a gene family. The technique was applied to purchasing compounds from external suppliers, and results from screening against one gene family demonstrated impressive abilities to predict the activity of the majority of known hit compounds.
Prelacteal feeding practice and maintenance of exclusive breast feeding in Bihar, India – identifying key demographic sections for childhood nutrition interventions: a cross-sectional study (2019)

<b>Background</b>: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is considered a high impact, but low-cost, measure for improving nutritional status, and reducing morbidity and mortality among children. However, providing prelacteal feed to a newborn, a widely practiced custom in rural India, is a major barrier to the practice of EBF. The present study evaluated the association between provision of prelacteal feeding and continuation of EBF among children up to 3 months age in Bihar, a resource-poor Indian state. <b>Methods</b>: Data from four rounds of a population-based multi-stage sampling survey, conducted in 8 districts of Bihar between 2012 and 2013, were used for the present analysis. Using simple and adjusted logistic regression modelling, we tested the association of providing prelacteal feeding with two outcome measures - 1) giving only breastmilk during the last 24 hours, and 2) exclusively breastfed (EBF) since birth (excluding the first 3 days of life). <b>Results</b>: Among 10,262 children for whom prelacteal feeding data was available, 26% received prelacteal feeding. About 55% mothers reported that their children were exclusively breastfed, whereas 82% mothers provided only breastmilk to their children during the previous 24 hours. Children who received prelacteal feeding had approximately 60% lesser odds of being breastfed exclusively during the previous 24 hours [AOR = 0.39(0.33-0.47)] and 80% lesser odds of receiving continued EBF since birth [AOR = 0.20(0.17-0.24)]. <b>Conclusions</b>: Frontline workers (FLW) provide nutritional counselling to mothers and children of rural India. In order to improve uptake of EBF, the families practicing prelacteal feeding should be identified early and educated on the harmful effects of prelacteal feeding for EBF and subsequently on infant health. Midwives/nurses at the public and private facilities as well as the home birth attendants should also be made aware about the negative effects of prelacteal feed.
DNA damage response and evasion from immunosurveillance in CLL: new options for NK cell-based immunotherapies (2015)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prominent B cell malignancy among adults in the Western world and characterized by a clonal expansion of B cells. The patients suffer from severe immune defects resulting in increased susceptibility to infections and failure to generate an antitumor immune response. Defects in both, DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and crosstalk with the tissue microenvironment have been reported to play a crucial role for the survival of CLL cells, therapy resistance and impaired immune response. To this end, major advances over the past years have highlighted several T cell immune evasion mechanisms in CLL. Here, we discuss the consequences of an impaired DDR pathway for detection and elimination of CLL cells by natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are considered to be a major component of the immunosurveillance in leukemia but NK cell activity is impaired in CLL. Restoration of NK cell activity using immunoligands and immunoconstructs in combination with the conventional chemotherapy may provide a future perspective for CLL treatment.