gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition from a weak ferromagnetic insulator to an exchange-enhanced paramagnetic metal in theBaIrO3polytypes (2009)

As a follow-up of the high-pressure synthesis and the structural determination of two new ${\text{BaIrO}}_{3}$ polytypes, we report in this paper a systematic study of the physical properties of all polytypes available to us through measurements of magnetic, electronic transport, thermodynamic, and low-temperature structural as well as pressure effects. With increasing fraction of the corner- to face-sharing octahedra in the sequence $9R$ $(hhChhChhC)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5H(hChCC)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}6H(hCChCC)$, the ground states of ${\text{BaIrO}}_{3}$ evolve from a ferromagnetic insulator with ${T}_{\text{c}}\ensuremath{\approx}180\text{ }\text{K}$ in the $9R$ phase to a ferromagnetic metal with ${T}_{\text{c}}\ensuremath{\approx}50\text{ }\text{K}$ in the $5H$ phase, and finally to an exchange-enhanced paramagnetic metal near a quantum critical point (QCP) in the $6H$ phase. The experimental results for the $9R$ phase confirm that the ferromagnetic transition is accompanied by a lattice instability, presumably associated with the formation of a charge density wave. The evidence includes a sudden increase in resistivity and thermoelectric power, an anomaly in the thermal conductivity, an unusual expansion of the $c$ axis, and an extraordinarily large pressure coefficient of ${T}_{\text{c}}$. In contrast, the ferromagnetic transition in the $5H$ ${\text{BaIrO}}_{3}$ only gives rise to weak anomalies in the resistivity and specific heat near ${T}_{\text{c}}$, similar to ${\text{SrRuO}}_{3}$; the $5H$ phase is the first weak ferromagnetic metal among the known oxide iridates. The $6H$ phase remains a paramagnetic metal to the lowest temperature. However, a strongly enhanced thermoelectric power and a non-Fermi-liquid behavior from the resistivity measurement at low temperature show that quantum critical fluctuations play a role in this exchange-enhanced paramagnetic phase. A positive thermoelectric power confirms the charge carriers are holelike for all polytypes, which is consistent with the electronic configuration of Ir(IV) $(5{d}^{5})$ in the low-spin state. The low-temperature specific-heat coefficients and Sommerfeld-Wilson ratios are in agreement with the evolution of the ground states across a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic QCP.
Teach Nonscience Majors ‘Real World’ Physics (1994)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation David G. Stork, F. Curtis Michel; Teach Nonscience Majors ‘Real World’ Physics. Physics Today 1 May 1994; 47 (5): 15–97. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2808491 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Reagentless Substrate Analysis with Immobilized Enzymes (1967)

By coupling an immobilized enzyme system with an electrochemical sensor, the reagent requirement for this glucose method is eliminated. Miniaturization and a further simplification of the instrumentation for the continuous analysis of glucose is achieved.
Skew reduction based on two-dimensional transmission gating using molecular dye film operated at 1.55 &#956;m (2005)

All-optical pulse timing fluctuation reduction is successfully demonstrated using a film of organic molecular material, di(benzofuranonyl)methanolate, which is operated at 1.55 μm in an architecture using two-dimensional transmission gating.
MEMS-based Fourier transform spectrometer using pulsed infrared light source (2018)

MEMS-based FTIR spectrometers are good candidates for handheld and IoT applications due to their high speed of operation, ultra-compact size and low cost. Light sources used for FTIR spectroscopy are usually limited to thermal light sources that continuously emit black body radiation. However, the use of pulsed sources has many advantages, such as reducing detector noise and enabling new kinds of spectroscopy measurements that depend on pulsed sources such as supercontinuum sources and non-linear infrared spectroscopy. The use of these pulsed sources with the high-speed MEMS is, thus, of great interest. In this work, we study the effect of using a pulsed IR source with a MEMS FTIR spectrometer on the obtained spectrum. The system is analyzed for different operation regimes from quasi-static to high-speed pulses for different duty cycles and repetition rates. Two measurement setups are used. The first involves using pulsed white light output from a thermal source with an optical chopper. The chopper frequency is changed from 20 Hz to 1 kHz at duty cycle values from 1&percnt; to 50&percnt;. The second setup uses an acousto-optic modulator to square-wave modulate the amplified spontaneous emission of a semiconductor optical amplifier with a repetition rate ranging from 20 Hz to 2 MHz and duty cycle values from 5&percnt; to 50&percnt;. Degradation in signal-to-noise ratio as well as spectral distortion are analyzed for different regimes of operation.
Comparison of the in vitro neuromuscular activity of venom from three australian snakes (Hoplocephalus stephensi, Austrelaps superbus and Notechis scutatus): Efficacy of tiger snake antivenom (2003)

1. Tiger snake antivenom, raised against Notechis scutatus venom, is indicated not only for the treatment of envenomation by this snake, but also that of the copperhead (Austrelaps superbus) and Stephen's banded snake (Hoplocephalus stephensi). The present study compared the neuromuscular pharmacology of venom from these snakes and the in vitro efficacy of tiger snake antivenom. 2. In chick biventer cervicis muscle and mouse phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations, all venoms (3-10 microg/mL) produced inhibition of indirect twitches. In the biventer muscle, venoms (10 micro g/mL) inhibited responses to acetylcholine (1 mmol/L) and carbachol (20 micromol/L), but not KCl (40 mmol/L). The prior (10 min) administration of 1 unit/mL antivenom markedly attenuated the neurotoxic effects of A. superbus and N. scutatus venoms (10 microg/mL), but was less effective against H. stephensi venom (10 microg/mL); 5 units/mL antivenom attenuated the neurotoxic activity of all venoms. 3. Administration of 5 units/mL antivenom at t90 partially reversed, over a period of 3 h, the inhibition of twitches produced by N. scutatus (10 microg/mL; 41% recovery), A. superbus (10 microg/mL; 25% recovery) and H. stephensi (10 microg/mL; 50% recovery) venoms. All venoms (10-100 microg/mL) also displayed signs of in vitro myotoxicity. 4. The results of the present study indicate that all three venoms contain neurotoxic activity that is effectively attenuated by tiger snake antivenom.
Diltiazem inhibits transferrin receptor expression and causes G1 arrest in normal and neoplastic T cells. (1986)

Transferrin receptor expression is essential for the proliferation of both normal and malignant T cells. While transferrin receptor expression in normal T cells is tightly coupled to interleukin-2 receptor expression, transferrin receptor expression in malignant cells is usually constitutive and is released from this constraint. Temporally, the appearance of these membrane receptors is preceded by changes in the expression of the proto-oncogenes c-myc and c-myb. In addition, although an increase in the level of intracellular free calcium occurs early in the sequence of T-cell activation, the activation events dependent on this calcium flux have not been resolved. In the present study we report that diltiazem, an ion channel-blocking agent that inhibits calcium influx, arrested the growth in vitro of both normal and malignant human T cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. However, diltiazem did not inhibit the expression of c-myc or interleukin-2 receptor mRNA and protein in normal mitogen-activated T cells or the constitutive expression of c-myc and c-myb mRNA in malignant T cells (T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells). In contrast, diltiazem prevented the induction of transferrin receptor (mRNA and protein) in normal T cells and caused a progressive loss of transferrin receptor (mRNA and protein) in malignant T cells. These data demonstrate that diltiazem can dissociate several growth-related processes normally occurring in G1 and thereby disrupt the biochemical cascade leading to cell proliferation.
Noise and Signal Activity Maps for Better Imaging Algorithms (2007)

In this work, we propose noise and signal activity estimation method that discriminates noise from signal based on local and global properties of the image data. The method yields pixel-wise maps of the noise variance and of the signal activity. Using these maps to guide imaging algorithms such as image enhancement and print defect detection improves their performance. The proposed method does not assume a white Gaussian noise model; it is very efficient computationally and, as such, is useful for a wide variety of applications.
The waxholm application database (1995)

This paper describes an application database collected in Wizard-of-Oz experiments in a spoken dialogue system, WAXHOLM. The system provides information on boat traffic in the Stockholm archipelago ...
Antibodies to Listeria monocytogenes (1997)

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the leading foodborne pathogens and has been implicated in numerous outbreaks in the last 2 decades. Immunocompromised populations are usually the most susceptible to Listeria infections. Although the pathogenic mechanism is a complex process, significant progress has been made in unravelling the mechanism in recent years. It is now clear that numerous extracellular and cell-associated proteins, such as internalin, listeriolysin, actin polymerization protein, phospholipase, metalloprotease, and possibly p60 proteins, are essential for L. monocytogenes entry into mammalian cells, survival inside the phagosome, escape into the cytoplasm, and cell-to-cell spread. Other proteins may be responsible for growth and physiology or to maintain the structural integrity of the bacteria. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies have been developed against many of those antigens or their synthetic derivatives that have helped greatly to determine the structure and function of these antigens. The antibodies were also used for the diagnosis and detection, immunocytochemical staining, and serotyping of Listeria. Humoral immune response to live L. monocytogenes cells was examined in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. Studies revealed that only extracellular antigens induced the humoral response, whereas cell-associated antigens had apparently no response. It is speculated that during the occasional bacteremic phase, L. monocytogenes releases extracellular antigens that are then processed by the immune system for antibody production. As L. monocytogenes is an intracellular pathogen, the cell-associated antigens are not persistent in the blood circulation and thus fail to stimulate the humoral immune response.
WebBoard: a new display and browsing concept for Web content in public areas (2005)

We propose a novel concept for displaying and browsing Web content in public spaces via a ubiquitous network. This is a new form of the device cooperative content which we previously proposed (Kidawara, Y. et al., PACRIM, 2003). The original idea for this content was based on temporal synchronization. The new type of content is semantically synchronized and based on the concept of device cooperative browsing. This concept is an interactive method of browsing for content related to the content currently being viewed by a user. The operating mechanism is based on multiple devices connected via a peer-to-peer network. The mechanism operates cooperatively in order to find each user's particular interests and maintain information about them. Multiple devices sharing common information might thus have common topics of interest on various user devices. When new devices are connected in this environment, they detect the required information through filtering, and obtain it from other devices in the local ubiquitous network. In addition to describing this concept, we also discuss WebBoard, which is a successful implementation of our novel approach.
A study toward the development of an electromechanical poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene–chlorofluoroethylene) buckling membrane actuator (2014)

Buckling membrane micro-actuators based on relaxor ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene–chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF–TrFE–CFE)) were fabricated and actuated near their resonant frequency. The devices produced displacements of several microns under applied biases of ⩽60 V μm−1. In this buckling actuator configuration the electrodes are located only at the membrane’s circumference and do not coat the entire membrane. Besides for preserving the optical transparency of the polymer, the critical advantage of this configuration is that the unique electro-mechanical properties of the polymer can be exploited without constriction of displacements by the metal electrodes which have a comparatively higher Young’s modulus.Electrical characterization of P(VDF–TrFE–CFE) thin films was performed through the use of micro-capacitor test structures. Dielectric properties were examined as a function of temperature (25–115 °C), frequency (6 kHz–2 MHz) and processing conditions, most notably thermoplastic nano-imprint lithography (T-NIL).
Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care. Emergency Cardiac Care Committee and Subcommittees, American Heart Association. Part II. Adult basic life support (1992)

BASIC life support (BLS) is the phase of emergency cardiac care (ECC) that (1) prevents respiratory or circulatory arrest or insufficiency through prompt recognition and intervention or (2) supports the ventilation of a victim of respiratory arrest with rescue breathing or the ventilation and circulation of a victim of cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The major objective of performing rescue breathing or CPR is to provide oxygen to the brain and heart until appropriate, definitive medical treatment (advanced cardiac life support [ACLS]) can restore normal heart and ventilatory action. The prompt administration of BLS is the key to success. In respiratory arrest, the survival rate may be very high if airway control and rescue breathing are started promptly.<sup>1</sup>For cardiac arrest the highest hospital discharge rate has been achieved in patients in whom CPR was initiated within 4 minutes of arrest and ACLS within 8 minutes.<sup>2</sup>Early
Innenrücktitelbild: Singulett‐Sauerstoff in der aprotischen Natrium‐O2‐Batterie (Angew. Chem. 49/2017) (2017)

Nebenreaktionen sind die größte Hürde für die Entwicklung von Na-O2-Batterien. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 15934 ff. zeigen S. A. Freunberger et al., dass sich der hochreaktive Singulett-Sauerstoff in allen Phasen des Zellbetriebes bildet, besonders bei hohen Ladespannungen, und dass er die Hauptursache für die Nebenreaktionen ist. Wasserspuren ermöglichen hohe Kapazitäten, beschleunigen aber auch Nebenreaktionen. Daher müssen Wege gefunden werden, um die Bildung von Singulett-Sauerstoff zu verhindern oder diesen unschädlich zu machen.
Chiral Polymeric Nanocapsules and Their Use for Conformational Deracemization of Liquid Crystals (2018)

We present the first preparation and properties of chiral nanocapsules. The chiral shell, a polyurea derivative, was obtained by interfacial emulsion polymerization of l-lysine with polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate. The chirality of these nanocapsules was manifested by its ability to induce conformational deracemization of a liquid crystal. This induced chirality was measured using the “Raynes’ experiment”, in which the boundary conditions of cells impose a ±90° rotation of the liquid crystal director from one surface to the other. Both left- and right-handed director twist domains appear on cooling from the isotropic to the nematic phase. Owing to the weak induced chirality of the liquid crystal, one sense of director rotation is energetically more favorable and its domain size expands, resulting in curvature of the domain walls. The curvature was measured as a function of capsule concentration and serves as a metric of the induction of chirality in the surrounding liquid crystal.
Federated Learning for Affective Computing Tasks (2022)

Federated learning mitigates the need to store user data in a central datastore for machine learning tasks, and is particularly beneficial when working with sensitive user data or tasks. Although successfully used for applications such as improving keyboard query suggestions, it is not studied systematically for modeling affective computing tasks which are often laden with subjective labels and high variability across individuals/raters or even by the same participant. In this paper, we study the federated averaging algorithm FedAvg to model self-reported emotional experience and perception labels on a variety of speech, video and text datasets. We identify two learning paradigms that commonly arise in affective computing tasks: modeling of self-reports (user-as-client), and modeling perceptual judgments such as labeling sentiment of online comments (rater-as-client). In the user-as-client setting, we show that FedAvg generally performs on-par with a non-federated model in classifying self-reports. In the rater-as-client setting, FedAvg consistently performed poorer than its non-federated counterpart. We found that the performance of FedAvg degraded for classes where the inter-rater agreement was moderate to low. To address this finding, we propose an algorithm FedRater that learns client-specific label distributions in federated settings. Our experimental results show that FedRater not only improves the overall classification performance compared to FedAvg but also provides insights for estimating proxies of inter-rater agreement in distributed settings.
Nonlinear multiresolution gradient adaptive filter for medical images (2003)

We present a novel method for intra-frame image processing, which is applicable to a wide variety of medical imaging modalities, like X-ray angiography, X-ray fluoroscopy, magnetic resonance, or ultrasound. The method allows to reduce noise significantly - by about 4.5 dB and more - while preserving sharp image details. Moreover, selective amplification of image details is possible. The algorithm is based on a multi-resolution approach. Noise reduction is achieved by non-linear adaptive filtering of the individual band pass layers of the multi-resolution pyramid. The adaptivity is controlled by image gradients calculated from the next coarser layer of the multi-resolution pyramid representation, thus exploiting cross-scale dependencies. At sites with strong gradients, filtering is performed only perpendicular to the gradient, i.e. along edges or lines. The multi-resolution approach processes each detail on its appropriate scale so that also for low frequency noise small filter kernels are applied, thus limiting computational costs and allowing a real-time implementation on standard hardware. In addition, gradient norms are used to distinguish smoothly between “structure” and “noise only” areas, and to perform additional noise reduction and edge enhancement by selectively attenuating or amplifying the corresponding band pass coefficients.
Defining the Protective Antibody Response for HIV-1 (2003)

The development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine would be greatly facilitated by knowledge regarding the type and quantity of antibodies that are protective. Since definitive immune correlates are established only after a vaccine has been shown to be effective in humans, animal models are often used to guide vaccine development. Experimental lentivirus infection of non-human primates has shown that neutralizing antibodies can protect against infection. Most specifically, studies of passive antibody transfer in the chimeric SIV/HIV-1 immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) model have provided quantitative data on the level of protective antibody required. While direct extrapolation to humans is difficult, these data likely provide important insights into the protection afforded by antibodies against HIV-1. When used alone, high levels of neutralizing antibodies are required to completely block infection. However, even modest levels of antibody can provide partial protection and affect disease course. Understanding the exact level of protective antibody becomes even more complex in the setting of active immunization and coexisting cellular immunity. Despite this uncertainty, recent findings from lentiviral animal models strongly suggest that neutralizing antibodies will contribute to protection against HIV-1. Based on these data, a major goal of HIV-1 vaccine strategies is the induction of neutralizing antibodies against circulating primary HIV-1 strains.
Can visual cortex non-invasive brain stimulation improve normal visual function? A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023)

ClinicalTrials.gov/, identifier CRD42021255882.
TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY (1998)

There are many anatomic and biomechanical factors that define the structure and function of the normal glenohumeral joint. These factors influence the design and function of the prosthetic shoulder. Our best efforts in shoulder design should reflect an attempt to reproduce the normal structure-function relationships of the natural glenohumeral joint. Prosthetic design must also take into account the variable anatomic abnormalities associated with the pathologic condition. Prosthetic designs should attempt to facilitate the surgical correction of this pathology, with the goal of reproducing normal anatomy. Optimal prosthetic reconstruction of the shoulder is dependent on prosthetic design, prosthetic soft tissues, postoperative healing and rehabilitation, and the long-term biologic response to the implant. The success of any prosthetic reconstruction is dependant on many factors, and in some cases, normal anatomy and function cannot be achieved entirely by prosthetic design.
Observation of excited $\Omega_c^0$ baryons in $\Omega_b^- \to \Xi_c^+ K^-\pi^-$decays (2021)

The first observation of the $Ω_b^- → Ξ_c^+ K^- π^-$ decay is reported using p p collision data at center of mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb$^{-1}$. Four excited $Ω_c^0$ baryons are observed in the $Ξ_c^+ K^-$ mass projection of the $Ω_b^-→ Ξ_c^+ K^- π^-$ decays with the significance of each exceeding five standard deviations. They coincide with the states previously observed in prompt pp and $e^+ e^-$ production. Relative production rates, masses, and natural widths of the states are measured, and a test of spin hypotheses is performed. Moreover, the branching ratio of $Ω_b^- → Ξ_c^+ K^- π^-$ is measured relative to the $Ω_b^- → Ω_c^0 π^-$ decay mode and a precise measurement of the $Ω_b^-$ mass of $6044.3±1.2±1.1_{-0.22}^{+0.19}$ MeV is obtained.
Ionic Properties of Mica Surfaces (1962)

Abstract Seven micas were studied; muscovite, rose muscovite, phlogopite, margarite, biotite, lepidomelane, and a vermiculite‐biotite. Curves connecting selectivity number K s with surface cationic composition were obtained for Li‐Na, Li‐Rb, Li‐Cs, Ba‐Ca, and Ba‐Sr exchange equilibria. The polyfunctional character of the surfaces is well shown in the monovalent series. Cesium is held less firmly than rubidium at biotite, vermiculite‐biotite and lepidomelane surfaces, and more firmly only in the case of phlogopite. Margarite is entirely different from the other micas, in showing a high bonding for lithium, and an order NH 4 &lt; Cs &lt; Na &lt; K &lt; Rb. Potentiometric results, using clay membrane and silver electrodes, were obtained for Na + , Ag + and Ca ++ in 0.5% suspensions of the micas. The bonding energy curves also show the polyfunctional character of mica surfaces.