gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Metabolic Products from Microbial Hosts in Complex Media Using Optically Diffracting Hydrogels (2022)

We herein describe a highly versatile platform approach for the in situ and real-time screening of microbial biocatalysts for enhanced production of bioproducts using photonic crystal hydrogels. This approach was demonstrated by preparing optically diffracting films based on polymerized <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide that contracted in the presence of alcohols and organic acids. The hydrogel films were prepared in a microwell plate format, which allows for high-throughput screening, and characterized optically using a microwell plate reader. While demonstrating the ability to detect a broad range of relevant alcohols and organic acids, we showed that the response of the films correlated strongly with the octanol-water partition coefficient (log <i>P</i>) of the analyte. Differences in the secretion of ethanol and succinic acid from strains of <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> and <i>Actinobacillus succinogenes</i>, respectively, were further detected via optical characterization of the films. These differences, which in some cases were as low as ∼3 g/L, were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, thereby demonstrating the sensitivity of this approach. Our findings highlight the potential utility of this multiplexed approach for the detection of small organic analytes in complex biological media, which overcomes a major challenge in conventional optical sensing methods.
Three Benefits Brought by Perturbation Back-Propagation Algorithm in 224Gb/s DP-16QAM Transmission (2014)

Nonlinearity compensation algorithm and soft-decision forward error correction (FEC) are considered as key technologies for future high-capacity and long-haul optical transmission system. In this report, we experimentally demonstrate the following three benefits brought by low complexity perturbation back-propagation nonlinear compensation algorithm in 224Gb/s DP-16QAM transmission over large-Aeff pure silica core fiber; (1) improvement of pre-FEC bit error ratio, (2) reshaping noise distribution to more Gaussian, and (3) reduction of cycle slip probability.
Developing all-in-one virus-like particles for Cas9 mRNA/single guide RNA co-delivery and aptamer-containing lentiviral vectors for improved gene expression (2022)

Abstract Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are widely used for delivering foreign genes for long-term expression. Normal LVs contain the RNA genome, which is reverse transcribed into DNA and integrates into the host genome to mediate long-term gene expression. Recently, virus-like particles (VLPs) were developed for mRNA delivery. In these VLPs, packaging mRNA into the particles is achieved via interactions between the aptamer and aptamer-binding protein (ABP), and mRNA is not reverse transcribed or integrated. These VLPs are useful for delivering Cas9 mRNA for short-term endonuclease expression. Generating high-titer normal integrating LVs is challenging. Until recently, VLPs were not efficient for co-delivering Cas9 mRNA and single guide RNA (sgRNA). By fusing ABP to the N-terminus of HIV Gag protein, hybrid particles were developed to co-deliver Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA. But the method for modifying Gag impaired particle assembly. Previously we found that adding an ABP after the second zinc finger domain of nucleocapsid (NC) protein had minimal effects on particle assembly. Based on this observation, we developed hybrid particles to co-deliver Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA. We further improved LVs for integrated gene expression by including an aptamer sequence in lentiviral transfer plasmids, which improved lentiviral particle production and enhanced LV genomic RNA packaging. In summary, we describe development of new all-in-one VLPs for co-delivery of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA and new LVs for enhanced vector production and gene expression.
Auto‐Conveying Probing Apparatus for Extraction of Particle‐Free Samples from Process Gasses (2013)

Abstract Zur Inline‐Analyse der lokalen Gaszusammensetzung von Prozessströmen in Apparaten werden neben dem Analysegerät oftmals Filter zur Partikelabscheidung sowie Gasfördervorrichtungen zum Ausgleich des Messgeräte‐ und Filterdruckverlusts verwendet. Die Wechselwirkung des zu analysierenden Gases mit dem Filterkuchen kann den Messwert durch zusätzlichen Stoff‐ und Wärmetransport oder im Falle reaktiver Systeme durch zusätzlichen Reaktionsfortschritt beeinflussen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein im Versuchsbetrieb bewährter Sondenprototyp zur Gasprobenentnahme vorgestellt. Der Apparat stellt einerseits selbstansaugend einen Gasstrom zur Analyse bereit und erlaubt es, Partikel bereits am Ort der Probennahme nach dem Prinzip eines Abweiseradsichters abzutrennen.
Concentration Dependence of IgG Immobilized on a Sensing Plate for Higher Sensitivity of a Terahertz Chemical Microscope (2018)

We have developed a terahertz chemical microscope for measuring immune reactions without any label. Here, to evaluate the relation between the concentration of IgG immobilized on the sensing plate and the sensitivity of the system, the concentration dependence of the IgG was evaluated.
Erratum to: Multi‐moded high‐index contrast optical waveguide for super‐contrast high‐resolution label‐free microscopy (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0100.].
Laser produced plasma light source for HVM-EUVL (2007)

A major technical challenge of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source for microlithography at 13.5 nm is the in-band power requirement of more than 115 W at the intermediate focus. The solution for HVM EUV lithography is a laser produced plasma light source with a cost effective CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> drive laser and a high conversion efficiency Sn target. To demonstrate this, a LPP source is developed for high volume manufacturing EUV lithography which is based on a high power CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) system and a tin target. It is concluded that the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> laser driven Sn light source is the most promising candidate for HVM EUVL due to its scalability, high efficiency and long collector mirror lifetime.
IL-6 trans-signaling promotes pancreatitis-associated lung injury and lethality (2013)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an inflammatory disease with a high mortality rate. Although typically seen in individuals with sepsis, ALI is also a major complication in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The pathophysiology of SAP-associated ALI is poorly understood, but elevated serum levels of IL-6 is a reliable marker for disease severity. Here, we used a mouse model of acute pancreatitis-associated (AP-associated) ALI to determine the role of IL-6 in ALI lethality. Il6-deficient mice had a lower death rate compared with wild-type mice with AP, while mice injected with IL-6 were more likely to develop lethal ALI. We found that inflammation-associated NF-κB induced myeloid cell secretion of IL-6, and the effects of secreted IL-6 were mediated by complexation with soluble IL-6 receptor, a process known as trans-signaling. IL-6 trans-signaling stimulated phosphorylation of STAT3 and production of the neutrophil attractant CXCL1 in pancreatic acinar cells. Examination of human samples revealed expression of IL-6 in combination with soluble IL-6 receptor was a reliable predictor of ALI in SAP. These results demonstrate that IL-6 trans-signaling is an essential mediator of ALI in SAP across species and suggest that therapeutic inhibition of IL-6 may prevent SAP-associated ALI.
Synthesis of Ecteinascidin 743 (2006)

Ecteinascidin 743 is a potent antitumor agent. The Danishefsky group reports a synthesis of an advanced intermediate F featuring a vinylogous Pictet-Spengler reaction to create the C and D rings simultaneously. Intermediate F had been transformed to Ecteinascidin 743 by T. Fukuyama and co-workers (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 6552-6554).
Expression of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in B lymphoblastoid cell lines from X-linked agammaglobulinaemia patients (1997)

X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is an immunodeficiency caused by mutations in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) and is characterized by an almost complete arrest of B cell development. We analysed expression of Btk in B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) derived from four unrelated XLA patients. In one patient, with a 3 x 5 kb genomic deletion encompassing the first (untranslated) exon, mRNA levels and in vitro kinase activities were very low. The patient manifested a mild phenotype with a delayed onset of the disease. Another mutation, in which the intron 3 donor splice site is lost, was also associated with very low mRNA levels and an absence of detectable Btk protein. Patients with this mutation showed extensive heterogeneity of the immunological phenotype. In the BLCL of a third patient, with an Arg288 substitution in the SH2 domain, the mutation did not appear to affect the expression level, nor to abrogate in vitro phosphorylation activity. In the BLCL of the fourth patient, with an Arg28 mutation in the PH domain, tyrosine kinase activity in BTK precipitates appeared to be decreased compared with control BLCL.
A consensus on the role of osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer from the AME Lung Cancer Collaborative Group (2018)

The first- and second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have brought substantial clinical benefit to patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and sensitizing <i>EGFR</i> mutation. However, acquired resistance is inevitable since the vast majority of patients experience disease relapse within ~1-2 years. Osimertinib is a novel irreversible, covalent third-generation EGFR-TKI and potent inhibitor of <i>EGFR</i> T790M mutation, the most common mechanism of acquired resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs. Several trials have consistently demonstrated the superior clinical activity and safety of osimertinib in patients with advanced NSCLC and acquired <i>EGFR</i> T790M mutation after treatment with a first-generation EGFR-TKI. Recently, the efficacy of osimertinib in a first-line setting was demonstrated to be clearly superior to standard-first line treatment in patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant NSCLC regardless of T790M mutation status. Nevertheless, this advance, several unresolved issues of osimertinib should be emphasized including the molecular mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib, the feasibility of testing <i>EGFR</i> T790M mutation from plasma circulating tumor DNA, its efficacy to patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases or exon 20 mutations, its combination with other therapeutic strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and its role in adjuvant therapy.
P‐6: A Design Robust Against Hot‐carrier Stress for Low‐temperature Poly‐Si TFT LCDs Fabricated using a 450°C Process (2002)

Abstract Degradation phenomena of low‐temperature poly‐Si thin film transistors (TFTs) under direct current (DC) and dynamic stress were thoroughly investigated, and a robust design was developed for TFT LCDs fabricated on a 730×920‐mm glass substrate using a 450°C process. A system‐in display capability having a stress immunity was also demonstrated.
An integrated hardware for fMRI studies of the human brain (2002)

The authors have built a specialized hardware system for performing functional MRI studies of the human brain. The hardware consists of two subsystems. The first one is the data acquisition unit that uses a 1.5 T whole-body magnet in conjunction with gradient and RF (radio frequency) coils for rapid echo planar imaging (EPI). The second is the visual activation system which uses a 133 MHz Pentium computer interfaced with a computer controlled LCD projector to display visual activation tasks while the subject is inside the scanner and could respond by pressing a keypad which is an integral part of the whole subunit. Furthermore, a real time k-space mapping subunit was also built to correct for data sampling problems. Sample fMRI images obtained with the system using a checker board activation task are presented.
The longitudinal distribution of solar active regions and solar global oscillation measurements (1984)

On montre que la periodicite de 13,1 jours recemment decouverte dans les mesures d'oscillations solaires globales est produite par la rotation des regions actives se produisant surtout pour des longitudes au-dela de 180° dans des regions actives a longue duree de vie
Citrated cellulose nanocrystals from post-consumer cotton textiles (2023)

We developed a method for extracting CitCNCs from discarded cotton garments via esterification followed by mechanical fibrillation. LCA analysis, based on lab-scale data, guides strategies to minimize the environmental impact of CitCNC production.
Modern Piston Ring Coatings and Liner Technology for EGR Applications (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an upcoming technology for heavy duty (HD) engines in order to face the strict environmental laws in the USA from 2002 and EURO IV from 2004 in Europe. This paper is dedicated to describe modern power cylinder technologies to combat EGR driven needs. In detail, the paper introduces the market situation for heavy duty engines using EGR in Europe and the US. The main technical issues of EGR technology for HD engines are outlined. Since with EGR up to 30 % and more of the exhaust gases will be recirculated through the engine inlet pipe back into the cylinder the paper will discuss the major influences of EGR onto the engine's tribology. Thereby, the paper mainly focuses onto modern piston ring coating technology such as hard particle reinforced chrome plating, HVOF spraying and PVD. The paper introduces these technologies to the reader and will outline the specific coating characteristics. A focal point is set onto the key parameters of these coating technologies in order to optimize the coating performance. Furthermore, some material solutions for liners appropriate to be used in EGR engines are described. The paper presents both wear rig test analyses and engine test results.&lt;/div&gt;
Shape and Size Tuning of BiIII-Centered Polyoxopalladates: High Resolution 209Bi NMR and 205/206Bi Radiolabeling for Potential Pharmaceutical Applications (2020)

We have discovered five bismuth(III)-containing polyoxopalladates (POPs) which were fully characterized by solution and solid-state physicochemical techniques: the cube-shaped [BiPd<sub>12</sub>O<sub>32</sub>(AsPh)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>5-</sup> (BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL), [BiPd<sub>12</sub>O<sub>32</sub>(AsC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>5-</sup> (BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL<sub>N</sub>), and [BiPd<sub>12</sub>O<sub>32</sub>(AsC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>COO)<sub>8</sub>]<sup>13-</sup> (BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL<sub>C</sub>) as well as the star-shaped [BiPd<sub>15</sub>O<sub>40</sub>(PO)<sub>10</sub>H<sub>6</sub>]<sup>11-</sup> (BiPd<sub>15</sub>P) and [BiPd<sub>15</sub>O<sub>40</sub>(PPh)<sub>10</sub>]<sup>7-</sup> (BiPd<sub>15</sub>PL), respectively. The organically modified capping groups phenylarsonate, <i>p</i>-azidophenylarsonate, and <i>p</i>-carboxyphenylarsonate were chosen as the azido (-N<sub>3</sub>) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups open up opportunities to covalently conjugate (via click reaction, amide coupling, etc.) with targeting vectors. The synthesis of <i>p</i>-azidophenylarsonate is reported here for the first time. The effects of the Bi<sup>III</sup> template and the organoarsonate vs -posphonate capping groups on the resulting POP shape (cube vs star) are discussed. The <sup>209</sup>Bi NMR (<i>I</i> = 9/2) spectra of BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL, BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL<sub>N</sub>, and BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL<sub>C</sub> revealed narrow peaks (ν<sub>1/2</sub> ∼ 200 Hz) at 5470 ppm with a longitudinal relaxation time in the millisecond range (at 8.46 T). The absence of a quadrupolar relaxation contribution could be attributed to the allocation of Bi<sup>III</sup> in the highly symmetrical cuboid POP host cage. Similar peaks were absent in the <sup>209</sup>Bi-NMR spectra of the star-shaped POPs BiPd<sub>15</sub>P and BiPd<sub>15</sub>PL due to the less symmetric coordination environment around the central Bi<sup>III</sup> ion. Further, <sup>205/206</sup>Bi-radiolabeled POPs have been synthesized by incorporating a <sup>205/206</sup>Bi<sup>III</sup> ion in the center of the POP structures. Carrier-free <sup>205/206</sup>Bi radioisotopes (as surrogates of α-emitting <sup>213</sup>Bi) were incorporated into the POP host-cage for the preparation of <sup>205/206</sup>BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL, <sup>205/206</sup>BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL<sub>N</sub>, <sup>205/206</sup>BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL<sub>C</sub>, and <sup>205/206</sup>BiPd<sub>15</sub>PL, respectively. The radiometal incorporation was complete (>99% radiochemical yield) in 10 min according to radio-thin-layer chromatography. The <sup>205/206</sup>BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL polyanion was purified by solid-phase extraction. The incubation in rat serum showed the formation of a <sup>205/206</sup>BiPd<sub>12</sub>AsL-protein aggregate.
A Novel, Picomolar Inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease (1996)

The design, synthesis, and molecular modeling studies of a novel series of azacyclic ureas, which are inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease that incorporate different ligands for the S1', S2, and S2' substrate-binding sites of HIV-1 protease are described. The synthesis of this series is highly flexible in the sense that the P1', P2, and P2' residues of the inhibitors can be changed independently. Molecular modeling studies on the phenyl ring of the P2 and P2' ligand suggested incorporation of hydrogen-bonding donor/acceptor groups at the 3' and 4-positions of the phenyl ring should increase binding potency. This led to the discovery of compound 7f (A-98881), which possesses high potency in the HIV-1 protease inhibition assay and the in vitro MT-4 cell culture assay (Ki = approximately 5 pM and EC50 = 0.002 microM). This compares well with the symmetrical cyclic urea 1 pioneered at DuPont Merck.
Knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and beliefs of healthcare provider students regarding mandatory influenza vaccination (2018)

Influenza infection poses the same risk to healthcare students as to practising clinicians. While there is substantial dialog about the benefits, risks, and ethics of mandatory influenza immunization policies in Canada, there has been little engagement of healthcare students. To explore the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours of healthcare students, we administered a web-based survey to students at Dalhousie University. Influenza vaccination status varied by program type, with 86.3% of medical students (n = 124) and 52.4% of nursing students (n = 96) self-reporting receipt of the influenza vaccine both in the previous and current seasons; pharmacy students' coverage fell between the two. Pharmacy students had higher mean knowledge scores (10.0 out of 13 questions) than medical (9.26) and nursing (8.88) students. Between 56.1% and 64.5% of students across disciplines were in support of a mandatory masking or vaccination policy, and between 72.6% and 82.3% of students would comply if such a policy were in place. A sense of duty to be immunized, desire to be taught more about influenza and influenza vaccine, belief that the hospital has a right to know vaccination status, support for declination policy, and willingness to accept consequences of noncompliance were all predictors of student support of mandatory policies. Medical and pharmacy students tended to hold more pro-influenza vaccination attitudes, had higher knowledge scores, and better vaccine coverage than nursing students. Based on the overall vaccination behaviour, knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes of students surveyed, this study demonstrates that mandatory influenza immunization policies are generally supported by the next generation of practitioners.
Figure S9 from Inhibiting ERK5 Overcomes Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-HER2 Therapy By Targeting the G<sub>1</sub>–S Cell-Cycle Transition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;JWG-045 enhances the sensitivity of HER2+ breast cancer cells to trastuzumab through decreasing the proportion of cells in S phase, rather than increasing apoptotic cell death.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of spatial coherence on optimal imaging concentrators (1985)

A theoretical investigation of spatial coherence effects on imaging concentrators is conducted and a design procedure is developed for providing the best concentration of light on an array of detectors using a passive imaging system. Optical field coherence is characterized by the cross-spectral density (CSD) function of the light in the pupil which may be expressed as a correlation of individual frequency (wavelength) components in the space-frequency domain. 1 Using ratio of encircled energy and absolute encircled energy measures as criteria for concentrator performance, we develop design procedures which specify those passive pupil screens (apodizers) which provide optimal light concentration in conditions of arbitrary spatial coherence in the pupil. Our apodizer specifications require solving a homogeneous Fredholm equation of the second kind similar to that encountered in resonator mode calculations, where the integral kernel for the coherent field case is replaced with a multiplicatively perturbed kernel involving the pupil field CSD function. Numerical results for various pupil CSD functions and concentrator detector geometries confirm the validity of our design technique and indicate the range of pupil field coherence conditions over which concentrator performance will be improved through apodization.
Supplementary Figure 1 from αvβ6 Integrin Promotes Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer through JNK1-Mediated Activation of Androgen Receptor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Increased alphavbeta6 integrin and JNK expression and enhanced JNK nuclear localization in castrated mice.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>High-precision distance microscopy of 3D nanostructures by a spatially modulated excitation fluorescence microscope</title> (1997)

To study the 3D-organization and 3D-pathology of the genome in intact cell nuclei, precise and accurate 3D-object localizations and 3D-distance measurements of fluorescent labelled chromatin-nanostructures are required. For this purpose, a high precision fluorescence microscope setup with spatially modulated excitation (SME) has been built up combining advantages of an epifluorescence microscope with interferometric laser illumination in the direction of the optical axis and optical sectioning. The SME allows high precision localization in the nanometer range resulting in a considerable increase of the axial resolution equivalent. This is shown for a configuration of five fluorescent microspheres of 100 nm diameter. Since the optical sections are acquired in an epifluorescent mode, image analysis procedures of high precision spectral distance microscopy were applied to determine the lateral particle localization by the position of the bary center of intensity. From these data, relative axial distances as well as relative 3D-distances were calculated. The results indicate that distance measurements between fluorescent objects can be performed with an accuracy of more than one order of magnitude better than the lateral epifluorescent optical resolution given the full width half maximum of the central peak of the effective point spread function. Since the definition of the optical resolution in refraction limited optical systems is based on distance measurement, the measure for the accuracy of our results in precision distance calculation is called resolution equivalent.