gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell growth stimulation by CRASH, an asparaginase-like protein overexpressed in human tumors and metastatic breast cancers. (2009)

The gene encoding CRASH, a human asparaginase-like protein, has been cloned and its transcriptional activation has been detected in gynecologic cancers. To define the expression of CRASH in human tumors and its possible functional role, monoclonal antibodies against the CRASH protein have been generated. In non-transformed tissues CRASH was only detected in testis, brain, esophagus, prostate and proliferating endometrium. On the other hand, 36/50 ovarian carcinomas, 16/78 mammary carcinomas, 6/6 uroepithelial bladder carcinomas and 5/33 colon carcinomas scored positive for CRASH, with the absence of reactivity in the corresponding normal tissues. Strikingly, 11 out of the 16 breast cancers that expressed CRASH were metastatic, nominating CRASH to be functionally relevant in tumor progression. Twenty-eight out of 42 endometrium tumors expressed CRASH at high levels as did 5/41 prostate carcinomas, as well as ovary and breast cancers, indicating a regulation of CRASH expression by sex hormones. A bona fide estrogen responsive element was detected at bases -201/-183. This proved to be highly preserved across species, supporting an actual functional role. Asparaginase-like proteins play a role in growth regulation and signaling by p70 S6 kinase. The somatic knock-out of CRASH resulted in significant inhibition of growth of KM12L4A colon carcinoma cells, which abundantly express CRASH, whereas the proliferation of the syngeneic, weakly-expressing, slowly-growing KL12SM was not affected. These results are consistent with a selective growth advantage for aggressive cancers expressing CRASH, and nominate CRASH as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic tumor target.
PACT: Privacy Sensitive Protocols and Mechanisms for Mobile Contact Tracing (2020)

The global health threat from COVID-19 has been controlled in a number of instances by large-scale testing and contact tracing efforts. We created this document to suggest three functionalities on how we might best harness computing technologies to supporting the goals of public health organizations in minimizing morbidity and mortality associated with the spread of COVID-19, while protecting the civil liberties of individuals. In particular, this work advocates for a third-party–free approach to assisted mobile contact tracing, because such an approach mitigates the security and privacy risks of requiring a trusted third party. We also explicitly consider the inferential risks involved in any contract tracing system, where any alert to a user could itself give rise to de-anonymizing information. More generally, we hope to participate in bringing together colleagues in industry, academia, and civil society to discuss and converge on ideas around a critical issue rising with attempts to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nanocontact based spin torque oscillators with two free layers (2017)

International audience
Molecular imaging of protein kinases (2008)

Protein kinases are important regulators of signal-transduction pathways. Dysregulated kinase activity is observed in a variety of human diseases such as cancer, making them targets for the development of molecular therapies. Identification of new drugs is greatly aided by molecular imaging tools which enable real time, non-invasive, dynamic and quantitative imaging of kinase activity in vivo. We have recently described a new reporter platform based on conformation dependent complementation of firefly luciferase to monitor serine/threonine kinase (Akt) activity. The reporter system provides unique insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that modulate kinase activity in living subjects and also provide a platform for cell based high-throughput drug screening for modulators of kinase activity.
How to Smash the Next Billion Mobile App Bugs (2015)

With users increasingly dependent on their phones, tablets, and wearables, the mobile app ecosystem is more important today than ever before. Creating and distributing apps has never been more accessible. Even single developers can now reach global audiences. But mobile apps must cope with extremely varied and dynamic operating conditions due to factors like diverse device characteristics, wireless network heterogeneity, and varied user behavior. App developers and operators of app marketplaces both lack testing tools that can effectively account for such diversity and, as a result, app failures and performance bugs (like excessive energy consumption) are commonly found today. To address this challenge to mobile app development, we have developed key techniques for scalable automated mobile app testing within two prototype services — VanarSena and Caiipa. In this paper, we describe our vision for SMASH, a unified cloud-based mobile app testing service that combines the strengths of both previous systems to tackle the complexities presently faced by testers of mobile apps.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Organic Molecules (2011)

Abstract Review: 52 refs.
Role of EXO1 nuclease activity in genome maintenance, the immune response and tumor suppression in Exo1 D173A mice (2021)

ABSTRACT DNA damage response pathways rely extensively on nuclease activity to process DNA intermediates. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is a pleiotropic evolutionary conserved DNA exonuclease involved in various DNA repair pathways, replication, antibody diversification, and meiosis. But, whether EXO1 facilitates these DNA metabolic processes through its enzymatic or scaffolding functions remains unclear. Here we dissect the contribution of EXO1 enzymatic versus scaffolding activity by comparing Exo1 DA/DA mice expressing a proven nuclease-dead mutant form of EXO1 to entirely EXO1-deficient Exo1 −/− and EXO1 wild type Exo1 +/+ mice. We show that Exo1 DA/DA and Exo1 −/− mice are compromised in canonical DNA repair processing, suggesting that the EXO1 enzymatic role is important for error-free DNA mismatch and double-strand break repair pathways. However, in non-canonical repair pathways, EXO1 appears to have a more nuanced function. Next-generation sequencing of heavy chain V region in B cells showed the mutation spectra of Exo1 DA/DA mice to be intermediate between Exo1 +/+ and Exo1 −/− mice, suggesting that both catalytic and scaffolding roles of EXO1 are important for somatic hypermutation. Similarly, while overall class switch recombination in Exo1 DA/DA and Exo1 −/− mice was comparably defective, switch-switch junction analysis suggests that EXO1 might fulfill an additional scaffolding function downstream of class switching. In contrast to Exo1 −/− mice that are infertile, meiosis progressed normally in Exo1 DA/DA and Exo1 +/+ cohorts, indicating that a structural but not the nuclease function of EXO1 is critical for meiosis. However, both Exo1 DA/DA and Exo1 −/− mice displayed similar mortality and cancer predisposition profiles. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EXO1 has both scaffolding and enzymatic functions in distinct DNA repair processes and suggest a more composite and intricate role for EXO1 in DNA metabolic processes and disease.
Zone plates as imaging analyzers for resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (2017)

We have implemented and successfully tested an off-axis transmission Fresnel zone plate as a novel type of analyzer optics for resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). We achieved a spectral resolution of 64 meV at the nitrogen K-edge (E/dE = 6200), closely matching theoretical predictions. The fundamental advantage of transmission optics is the fact that it can provide stigmatic imaging properties. This opens up a variety of advanced RIXS configurations, such as efficient scanning RIXS, parallel detection for varying incident energy and time-resolved measurements.
Abstract 1457: Valproic acid enhances radiation therapy by protecting normal hippocampal neurons and sensitizing malignant glioblastoma cells (2012)

Abstract Neurocognitive deficits are devastating sequelae that follow cranial irradiation in patients with medulloblastoma and leukemia. Valproic acid (VPA) has been used effectively as a neuroprotector in various neurological insults. In the present study we demonstrate that VPA could be used to protect hippocampal neurons from the damaging effects of radiation. The effect of VPA pretreatment on cell death was examined using clonogenic survival assays. Mouse hippocampal neurons, HT-22 were treated with 0.6 mM VPA for 7 days prior to irradiation. A significant increase in survival was seen in HT-22 cells treated with VPA compared to cells treated with radiation alone. In contrast, VPA treatment decreased the survival of irradiated cancer cells, D54 and GL-261 compared to radiation alone. To elucidate the mechanism of this selective increased survival in normal hippocampal cells we monitored for program cell death by Annexin V-FITC or DAPI staining. Irradiated HT-22 cells which were pretreated with VPA demonstrated 2 fold decrease in apoptosis than irradiated cells. Similar results were obtained using irradiated mice. Seven-days old C57BL6J pups were either irradiated with the single dose of 7 Gy or treated with VPA (200mg/Kg) followed by 7Gy irradiation. VPA pretreatment protected hippocampal neurons from radiation-induced apoptosis as demonstrated by counting the pyknotic nuclei in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal region. Western immunoblotting of HT-22 cells revealed that VPA not only inhibited HDAC, but also inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), an enzyme required for apoptosis. A heterotopic glioma model of GL-261 was used to evaluate the tumor growth delay following treatment with VPA (200 mM) and radiation (five fractions of 2Gy). VPA alone delayed the tumor growth; however VPA in combination with radiation significantly delayed tumor growth. In conclusion, VPA protected hippocampal neurons from radiation-induced damage in vitro and in vivo. This protection is specific to hippocampal neuronal cells and not to cancer cells. The molecular mechanism could involve enzymatic inhibition of both HDAC and GSK-3β. VPA could be used as a novel therapy for the prevention of neurocognitive deficits resulting from cranial irradiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1457. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1457
ChemInform Abstract: Dimerization of Styrene (I) Catalyzed by Acid 12‐Membered Ring Zeolites (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fictions of the Courtly Self: French Ballet in the Age of Louis XIV (2023)

Court ballet after the Fronde has been understood as a technique for subjugating nobles, literally and metaphorically keeping them dancing in the monarch's orbit. This essay reconsiders ballet's role in fabricating aristocratic identities under Louis XIV through a reading of the performances of two celebrated English dancers (the Dukes of York and Buckingham) in the Ballet royal de la nuit (1653). These performers' status as outsiders and as court celebrities with well-known personalities highlights the dancers’ influence over the roles they incarnated on the ballet stage. The body types and especially the self-fashioned social personas of performers were the raw material to which court artists added costume, choreography, and poetic text to create ballet characters. Dancers therefore acted as implicit collaborators in creating their onstage personas. Drawing upon Performance Studies' re-interrogation of the dynamics of subjection and agency in embodied practices, the analysis of the English dancers' unique case allows us to speculate about the degree of autonomy afforded to all noble performers and, more broadly, to consider how ballet expresses the mutual interdependence of sovereigns and nobles in court society.
A Dual Signaling Cascade That Regulates the Ectodomain Shedding of Heparin-binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor (2001)

Ectodomain shedding is an important mechanism to regulate the biological activities of membrane proteins. We focus here on the signaling mechanism of the ectodomain shedding of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (pro HB-EGF). Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a ligand for seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, stimulates the shedding of pro HB-EGF, which constitutes a G protein-coupled receptor-mediated transactivation of the EGF receptor. Experiments using a series of inhibitors and overexpression of mutant forms of signaling molecules revealed that the Ras-Raf-MEK signal is essential for the LPA-induced shedding. In addition, the small GTPase Rac is involved in the LPA-induced shedding, possibly to promote MEK activation. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate is another potent inducer of pro HB-EGF shedding. We also demonstrate that the LPA-induced pathway is distinct from the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced pathway and that these pathways constitute a dual signaling cascade that regulates the shedding of pro HB-EGF.
Quantum Artificial Synapses (2021)

Abstract Neuromorphic in‐memory computing systems, comprising artificial synapses and neurons, can overcome the energy inefficiency and throughput limitation of today's von Neumann computing architecture. Recently, powered by the unique properties of quantum materials, for example, high mobility, outstanding sensitivity, and strong quantum effect, researchers have built quantum artificial synapses to mimic the biological ones. These quantum electronic/photonic synapses can precisely define their conductance state (or synaptic weight) for emulating synaptic behaviors, which shows bionic performance unreachable by other conventional materials. In this review, the significant achievements in quantum artificial synapses are summarized. First, potential quantum materials used in artificial synapses are discussed with particular attention to quantum dots, nanowires, layered materials, and quasi‐2DEG interfaces. Then, the major quantum effects that are utilized in quantum artificial synapses, for example, Josephson effect, quantum tunneling, and spin memory, are reviewed. In addition to the discussion on a single synaptic device, the macroscale integration into artificial visual systems and artificial nerve networks are also highlighted. Finally, the associated future research trends and target applications are also discussed.
New bifunctional monomers from methyl vinyl glycolate (2022)

Methyl vinyl glycolate (MVG) can be obtained by acid-catalyzed conversion of C4 and C6 sugars. Applications of MVG in polymers are so far limited to its use as co-monomer for poly(lactic acid) and as crosslinking agent. In this work, hydroformylation and methoxycarbonylation of MVG were investigated to produce novel bifunctional monomers. Polyesters with high renewable-atom content were successfully prepared and characterized.
<title>Development of a hybrid robot arm for propeller grinding</title> (1996)

This paper will develop a hybrid robot arm for propeller blade grinding. The grinding work requires a high stiffness robot arm to reduce deformation and vibration. The hybrid robot arm is proposed by combining a parallel and a serial mechanism. The parallel mechanism supports a moving platform by three active and one passive leg so that it provides high stiffness but small workspace. To compensate the small workspace, the serial mechanism, which is the wrist of the robot arm, is mounted in the moving platform. Therefore, the robot arm has the large range of workspace as well as high stiffness.
A paradoxical protective role for the proinflammatory peptide substance P receptor (NK1R) in acute hyperoxic lung injury (2009)

The neuropeptide substance P manifests its biological functions through ligation of a G protein-coupled receptor, the NK1R. Mice with targeted deletion of this receptor reveal a preponderance of proinflammatory properties resulting from ligand activation, demonstrating a neurogenic component to multiple forms of inflammation and injury. We hypothesized that NK1R deficiency would afford a similar protection from inflammation associated with hyperoxia. Counter to our expectations, however, NK1R-/- animals suffered significantly worse lung injury compared with wild-type mice following exposure to 90% oxygen. Median survival was shortened to 84 h for NK1R-/- mice from 120 h for wild-type animals. Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs was significantly increased; NK1R-/- animals also exhibited increased pulmonary edema, hemorrhage, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was significantly elevated in NK1R-/- animals following hyperoxia. Furthermore, induction of metallothionein and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was accelerated in NK1R-/- compared with wild-type mice, consistent with increased oxidative injury and edema. In cultured mouse lung epithelial cells in 95% O(2), however, addition of substance P promoted cell death, suggesting the neurogenic component of hyperoxic lung injury is mediated by additional mechanisms in vivo. Release of bioactive constituents including substance P from sensory neurons results from activation of the vanilloid receptor, TRPV1. In mice with targeted deletion of the TRPV1 gene, acute hyperoxic injury is attenuated relative to NK1R-/- animals. Our findings thus reveal a major neurogenic mechanism in acute hyperoxic lung injury and demonstrate concerted actions of sensory neurotransmitters revealing significant protection for NK1R-mediated functions.
Intensive Care Unit–Like Care of Nonhuman Primates with Ebola Virus Disease (2020)

While an obvious survival difference was not observed with ICU-like care, clinical observations from this model may aid in EVD supportive care NHP model refinement.
Phospholipid‐Free Small Unilamellar Vesicles for Drug Targeting to Cells in the Liver (2019)

It is reported that cholesterol (Chol) and TWEEN 80 at a molar ratio of 5:1 can form small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) using a staggered herringbone micromixer. These phospholipid-free SUVs (PFSUVs) can be actively loaded with a model drug for targeting hepatocytes via the endogenous apolipoprotein mechanism. PFSUVs particles with compositions of Chol:TWEEN 80 ranging between 1.5:1 and 5:1 (mol/mol) can be produced with a mean diameter of ≈80 nm, but only the high-Chol formulations (3:1 and 5:1) can retain a transmembrane gradient of ammonium sulfate for active loading of doxorubicin (DOX). Under cryo-transmission electron microscopy, PFSUVs-DOX displays a unilamellar bilayer structure with DOX molecules forming spindle-shape aggregates inside the aqueous core. Relative to PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) that exhibits little interaction with cells in various conditions, the cellular uptake of PFSUVs-DOX is dependent on the presence of serum and enhanced with an increased concentration of apolipoproteins. After intravenous injection, the vast majority of PFSUVs-DOX accumulates in the liver and DOX is detected in all liver cells (predominantly the hepatocytes), while PLD is captured only by the sinusoidal cells (i.e., macrophages). This report discloses an innovative lipid bilayer vesicle for highly efficient and selective hepatocyte targeting.
Feedback stabilization of semiconductor laser arrays (1994)

We develop a feedback-control law for a coupled diode-injection laser stripe array system and propose a driver circuit capable of implementing this law. The feedback-control law is of a particularly simple form, permitting the array designer to phase lock on the lowest-order supermode (all elements operating in phase).
Smooth Viewport Bitrate Adaptation for 360 Video Streaming (2019)

In Virtual Reality, 360-degree video is a major content type that provides immersive viewing experience for users. In this paper, we propose S-VAS, a new adaptation method for 360-degree video streaming, which can provide users with smooth viewport bitrate under network bandwidth variations and time-varying user head movements. Our proposed method adapts the number of extension tiles according to viewport prediction errors. Besides, variations in bitrate between adjacent tiles in a segment are mitigated by a novel tile version selection algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the inter-segment bitrate variation by up to 46% and the intra-segment bitrate variation by up to 32%.
Interaction between Metamaterial Resonators and Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells (2011)

Interaction between metamaterial elements and intersubband transitions in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells is observed in the mid-infrared. Transmission measurements were performed through metamaterial arrays, each having a different resonance frequency.
Just war (2018)

The idea of the just war is in danger of becoming one of the political clichés of the new century. From an object of neglect and indifference, just war has been transformed into the dominant image of war, in the post-cold war age. Realism is no solution to the problem of the restraint of war. The solution lies not in a rejection of the very idea of just war, but in a conception of just war that recognises its threat as well as its promise. The real choice is between two radically different concepts of just war, with opposing logical structures and divergent effects. The complex structure of just war theory embodies its 'negative' or restraining role. Ostensibly, the mechanisms of restraint in just war theory are the various principles or criteria that the theory articulates and upholds.
Porous and Nonporous Nerve Conduits: The Effects of a Hydrogel Luminal Filler With and Without a Neurite-Promoting Moiety (2016)

Nerve conduits prefilled with hydrogels are frequently explored in an attempt to promote nerve regeneration. This study examines the interplay in vivo between the porosity of the conduit wall and the level of bioactivity of the hydrogel used to fill the conduit. Nerve regeneration in porous (P) or nonporous (NP) conduits that were filled with either collagen only or collagen enhanced with a covalently attached neurite-promoting peptide mimic of the glycan human natural killer cell antigen-1 (m-HNK) were compared in a 5 mm critical size defect in the mouse femoral nerve repair model. Although collagen is a cell-friendly matrix that does not differentiate between neural and nonneural cells, the m-HNK-enhanced collagen specifically promotes axon growth and appropriate motor neuron targeting. In this study, animals treated with NP conduits filled with collagen grafted with m-HNK (CollagenHNK) had the best overall functional recovery, based on a range of histomorphometric observations and parameters of functional recovery. Our data indicate that under some conditions, the use of generally cell friendly fillers such as collagen may limit nerve regeneration. This finding is significant, considering the frequent use of collagen-based hydrogels as fillers of nerve conduits.