gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Apoptosis and Cell Proliferation in Infantile and Adult Fibrosarcomas (1996)

The infantile fibrosarcoma, a rare tumor phenotypically similar to the adult fibrosarcoma, frequently has a benign course marked by spontaneous regression. Because biologic mechanisms responsible for this regression remain unexplained, an investigation of the role of apoptotic cell death is warranted. The rate of apoptotic cell death has been compared in five cases each of infantile and adult fibrosarcoma by quantitative estimation of in situ DNA double strand breaks. Although positively stained apoptotic cells are evident in all 10 cases, the apoptotic index is significantly higher in infantile cases (mean 6.6% +/- 0.80) compared to adult cases (mean 0.5% +/- 0.08). The proliferative (MIB-1) index of each specimen has been calculated by immunostaining for cell cycle phase-dependent Ki-67 antigen with MIB-1 antibody. Infantile cases have a significantly lower proliferative (MIB-1) index (mean 0.4 +/- 0.15) than adult counterparts (mean 15.9 +/- 3.76). The relatively benign course of the infantile fibrosarcoma may be due to two factors--a significantly lower proliferative (MIB-1) index coupled with enhanced apoptosis.
Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Renal Surgery: Hand-Port Incision Complications (2004)

The technique of HAL renal surgery is safe and effective. Complications associated with the hand-port incision exist, and as they become better defined, the surgeon may take extra steps toward their recognition and prevention.
A CMOS smart temperature sensor with a 3/spl sigma/ inaccuracy of /spl plusmn/0.5/spl deg/C from -50/spl deg/C to 120/spl deg/C (2005)

A low-cost temperature sensor with on-chip sigma-delta ADC and digital bus interface was realized in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Substrate PNP transistors are used for temperature sensing and for generating the ADC's reference voltage. To obtain a high initial accuracy in the readout circuitry, chopper amplifiers and dynamic element matching are used. High linearity is obtained by using second-order curvature correction. With these measures, the sensor's temperature error is dominated by spread on the base-emitter voltage of the PNP transistors. This is trimmed after packaging by comparing the sensor's output with the die temperature measured using an extra on-chip calibration transistor. Compared to traditional calibration techniques, this procedure is much faster and therefore reduces production costs. The sensor is accurate to within /spl plusmn/0.5/spl deg/C (3/spl sigma/) from -50/spl deg/C to 120/spl deg/C.
Fast decentralized non-convex finite-sum optimization with recursive variance reduction (2020)

This paper considers decentralized minimization of $N:=nm$ smooth non-convex cost functions equally divided over a directed network of $n$ nodes. Specifically, we describe a stochastic first-order gradient method, called GT-SARAH, that employs a SARAH-type variance reduction technique and gradient tracking (GT) to address the stochastic and decentralized nature of the problem. We show that GT-SARAH, with appropriate algorithmic parameters, finds an $ε$-accurate first-order stationary point with $O\big(\max\big\{N^{\frac{1}{2}},n(1-λ)^{-2},n^{\frac{2}{3}}m^{\frac{1}{3}}(1-λ)^{-1}\big\}Lε^{-2}\big)$ gradient complexity, where ${(1-λ)\in(0,1]}$ is the spectral gap of the network weight matrix and $L$ is the smoothness parameter of the cost functions. This gradient complexity outperforms that of the existing decentralized stochastic gradient methods. In particular, in a big-data regime such that ${n = O(N^{\frac{1}{2}}(1-λ)^{3})}$, this gradient complexity furthers reduces to ${O(N^{\frac{1}{2}}Lε^{-2})}$, independent of the network topology, and matches that of the centralized near-optimal variance-reduced methods. Moreover, in this regime GT-SARAH achieves a non-asymptotic linear speedup, in that, the total number of gradient computations at each node is reduced by a factor of $1/n$ compared to the centralized near-optimal algorithms that perform all gradient computations at a single node. To the best of our knowledge, GT-SARAH is the first algorithm that achieves this property. In addition, we show that appropriate choices of local minibatch size balance the trade-offs between the gradient and communication complexity of GT-SARAH. Over infinite time horizon, we establish that all nodes in GT-SARAH asymptotically achieve consensus and converge to a first-order stationary point in the almost sure and mean-squared sense.
Tumor-Targeted Drug Conjugates as an Emerging Novel Therapeutic Approach in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) (2019)

There are few effective therapies for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a highly aggressive disease representing 15% of total lung cancers. With median survival <2 years, SCLC is one of the most lethal cancers. At present, chemotherapies and radiation therapy are commonly used for SCLC management. Few protein-targeted therapies have shown efficacy in improving overall survival; immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are promising agents, but many SCLC tumors do not express ICI targets such as PD-L1. This article presents an alternative approach to the treatment of SCLC: the use of drug conjugates, where a targeting moiety concentrates otherwise toxic agents in the vicinity of tumors, maximizing the differential between tumor killing and the cytotoxicity of normal tissues. Several tumor-targeted drug conjugate delivery systems exist and are currently being actively tested in the setting of SCLC. These include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), radioimmunoconjugates (RICs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), and polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs). We summarize the basis of action for these targeting compounds, discussing principles of construction and providing examples of effective versus ineffective compounds, as established by preclinical and clinical testing. Such agents may offer new therapeutic options for the clinical management of this challenging disease in the future.
Extension of sonic anemometry to high subsonic Mach number flows (2016)

In the literature, the application of sonic anemometry has been limited to low subsonic Mach number, near-incompressible flow conditions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper represents the first time a sonic anemometry approach has been used to characterize flow velocity beyond Mach 0.3. Using a high speed jet, flow velocity was measured using a modified sonic anemometry technique in flow conditions up to Mach 0.83. A numerical study was conducted to identify the effects of microphone placement on the accuracy of the measured velocity. Based on estimated error strictly due to uncertainty in time-of-acoustic flight, a random error of 4 m s−1 was identified for the configuration used in this experiment. Comparison with measurements from a Pitot probe indicated a velocity RMS error of 9 m s−1. The discrepancy in error is attributed to a systematic error which may be calibrated out in future work. Overall, the experimental results from this preliminary study support the use of acoustics for high subsonic flow characterization.
A General Method for Assembling Single Colloidal Particle Lines (2006)

We have developed a general method for assembling colloidal particles into one-dimensional lines of single particle thickness. Well-spaced, parallel single particle lines can be readily deposited on a substrate from a dilute Langmuir-Blodgett particle monolayer via a stick-slip motion of the water-substrate contact line. The particle density within the lines is controllable by the particle concentration in the monolayer as well as the pulling speed of the substrate. Lines of a great variety of materials and sizes, ranging from a few nanometers to a few micrometers, have been demonstrated. Multiple depositions create complex patterns such as cross lines, even of different particles. The ability of placing nanoparticles into one-dimensional arrays enables the construction of higher hierarchical device structures. For example, using gold nanoparticle seeds, vertical single nanowire arrays of silicon can be grown replicating the pattern of single particle lines.
Radical Polymerization of New Functional Monomers: Mono- and Di‐methacryloyl Isocyanate Containing Bisphenol‐S and its Derivatives (1996)

New functional monomers mono- and di-methacryloyl isocyanate containing bisphenol-S were prepared on reaction of methacryloyl isocyanate (MAI) with bisphenol-S (BPS) and its derivatives at low temperature. The monomers thus obtained were characterized with elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet, 1H and 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra. Radical polymerization of mono- and di-methacryloyl isocyanate containing bisphenol-S and its derivatives was studied in terms of the rate of polymerization, solvent effect, thermal properties and kinetic measurements of photocrosslinking. Polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) were found to slow the polymerization. Functional polymers containing the vinyl group of MAI were successfully modified and photocrosslinked on irradiation in the presence of benzoin isopropyl ether. The photocrosslinking process follows second-order kinetics.
Solvent Effect on Radical Polymerization of Phenyl Acrylate (1994)

Abstract The radical polymerization of phenyl acrylate (PhA) in various aromatic solvents was studied under the same conditions as that of phenyl methacrylate (PMA) reported previously. The propagation rate constants (kp ) and termination rate constants (kt ) were determined by intermittent illumination methods. The variation in the kp values for PhA with aromatic solvents had the same trend as that for PMA. The solvent effect on PhA was somewhat larger than that on PMA, indicating that the steric hindrance of methyl group of the latter is important. Variation in kp values with solvents can be explained by the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex and is correlated with the derealization stabilization of complex formation.
Fabrication of two-dimensional polymer photonic crystals by nanoimprinting using anodic porous alumina mold (2010)

Two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals composed of polymer pillar arrays were fabricated by a nanoimprinting process using ordered anodic porous alumina molds. The obtained 2D polymer photonic crystals exhibited a clear stop band in the visible wavelength region, which originated from the periodic pillar arrays. The position of the stop band could be controlled by changing the geometrical structure of the anodic porous alumina mold. The process allows the high throughput production of 2D photonic crystals, which are required for the preparation of various types of functional optical devices.
A fulleropyrrolidine end-capped platinum-acetylide triad: the mechanism of photoinduced charge transfer in organometallic photovoltaic cells (2007)

The fullerene end-capped platinum acetylide donor-acceptor triad Pt(2)ThC(60) was synthesized and characterized by using photophysical methods and photovoltaic device testing. The triad consists of the platinum acetylide oligomer Ph-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Pt(PBu3)2-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Th-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Pt(PBu3)2-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Ph (Ph=phenyl and Th=2,5-thienyl, stereochemistry at both Pt centers is trans) that contains fulleropyrrolidine moieties on each of the terminal phenylene units. Electrochemistry of the triad reveals relatively low potential oxidation and reduction waves corresponding, respectively, to oxidation of the platinum acetylide and reduction of the fulleropyrrolidine units. Photoluminescence spectroscopy shows that the singlet and triplet states of the platinum acetylide chromophore are strongly quenched in the triad assembly, both in solution at ambient temperature as well as in a low-temperature solvent glass. The excited state quenching arises due to intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer to produce a charge separated state based on charge transfer from the platinum acetylide (donor) to the fulleropyrrolidine (acceptor). Picosecond time resolved absorption spectroscopy confirms that the charge transfer state is produced within 1 ps of photoexcitation, and it decays by charge recombination within 400 ps. Organic photovoltaic devices fabricated using spin-coated films of Pt2ThC60 as the active material operate with modest efficiency, exhibiting a short circuit photocurrent of 0.51 mA cm(-2) and an open circuit voltage of 0.41 V under 100 mW cm(-2)/AM1.5 illumination. The results are discussed in terms of the relationship between the mechanism of photoinduced electron transfer in the triad and the comparatively efficient photovoltaic response exhibited by the material.
Relationship between smoking, narcissism, and impulsiveness among young women (2022)

Although the connection between smoking and individual differences has been recently recognized, the relationship between narcissistic personality traits and cigarette smoking has received less attention. The notion that personality traits can be associated with addictive behavior is influential in clinical practice. However, questions remain about specific interactions between smoking and personality characteristics that need empirical support to substantiate this hypothesis. This study thus identifies narcissistic and impulsive personality traits as precursors of smoking in a sample of tattooed individuals. In a cross-sectional study (N = 120), personality traits were assessed in young women (aged 18-35 years) using the narcissistic personality inventory and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). The current study, using the regression analysis, has clearly demonstrated that young women who smoke have different personality characteristics as compared with women who do not smoke.
Functional States of the Genome-Scale Escherichia Coli Transcriptional Regulatory System (2009)

A transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) constitutes the collection of regulatory rules that link environmental cues to the transcription state of a cell's genome. We recently proposed a matrix formalism that quantitatively represents a system of such rules (a transcriptional regulatory system [TRS]) and allows systemic characterization of TRS properties. The matrix formalism not only allows the computation of the transcription state of the genome but also the fundamental characterization of the input-output mapping that it represents. Furthermore, a key advantage of this "pseudo-stoichiometric" matrix formalism is its ability to easily integrate with existing stoichiometric matrix representations of signaling and metabolic networks. Here we demonstrate for the first time how this matrix formalism is extendable to large-scale systems by applying it to the genome-scale Escherichia coli TRS. We analyze the fundamental subspaces of the regulatory network matrix (R) to describe intrinsic properties of the TRS. We further use Monte Carlo sampling to evaluate the E. coli transcription state across a subset of all possible environments, comparing our results to published gene expression data as validation. Finally, we present novel in silico findings for the E. coli TRS, including (1) a gene expression correlation matrix delineating functional motifs; (2) sets of gene ontologies for which regulatory rules governing gene transcription are poorly understood and which may direct further experimental characterization; and (3) the appearance of a distributed TRN structure, which is in stark contrast to the more hierarchical organization of metabolic networks.
Abstract 1497: In vivo discrimination of tumor modifications during antiangiogenic and cytotoxic therapy using ultrasonography modalities: Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) (2015)

Abstract Robust, novel image-based information on the tumor microenvironment would improve therapeutic follow-up in oncology. SWE evaluates tissue stiffness, CEUS assesses microvascular flow using intravascular microbubbles and QUS measures tissue microstructure. Our goal was to evaluate sensitivity and complementarity of these techniques during cytotoxic and antiangiogenic therapies in ectopic, murine tumors. A multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase antiangiogenic drugs inhibiting vascularization (sunitinib, N = 24, 40mg/kg/day), an alkylating cytotoxic agent that adds an alkyl group to DNA to interfere with DNA replication (cyclophosphamide, N = 26, 150mg/kg for 3 days) and placebo (N = 26) were administered in murine Lewis Lung Carcinomas bearing C57BL6 mice. Six days after implantation, tumors were imaged (SWE, CEUS and QUS) prior to therapy (Day 0) and on Days 1, 3, 7, 9 and 13. Tumors were harvested at Day 9 (N = 2 per group) and Day 13 (N = 10 per group) and stained to evaluate% necrosis and fibrosis. Table. 1 summarizes the% variation of each measured parameter from the start to the end of therapy. Imaging parameters for microvascular function and stiffness were most strongly modified for tumors treated with sunitinib compared to cytotoxic and placebo therapies. At Day 13, tumors treated with sunitinib presented a heterogeneous structure with more fibrosis and necrosis than for other treatment groups. This heterogeneous structure may explain why the standard deviation of stiffness was highest for the antiangiogenic group. The sensitivity of CEUS to microvascular modifications and SWE to biomarkers such as necrosis and fibrosis, in this model, underline potential for monitoring complementarity aspects of the tumor microenvironment during therapy. CytotoxicAnti-angiogenicPlaceboVariation(%)P-valueVariation(%)P-valueVariation(%)P-valueSWEStiffness20*0.03680*&amp;lt;0.000169*&amp;lt;0.00001CEUSPeak Enhancement-8.70.892-68*&amp;lt;0.00001-48*&amp;lt;0.005Wash in rate-390.162-83*&amp;lt;0.00001-78*&amp;lt;0.00001Wash out rate-0.20.545-76*&amp;lt;0.00001-46*&amp;lt;0.001Mean transit time1.10.65015*&amp;lt;0.00517*&amp;lt;0.005 Table 1: Variation between Day 0 and Day 13 of mean values of each parameter for each group. Citation Format: Alexandre Dizeux, Thomas Payen, Guillaume Barrois, Michele Lamuraglia, Capucine Baldini, Delphine Le Guillou, Eva Comperat, Jean-Luc Gennisson, Mickael Tanter, Michael Oelze, S. Lori Bridal. In vivo discrimination of tumor modifications during antiangiogenic and cytotoxic therapy using ultrasonography modalities: Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1497. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1497
Reactive nanostructured foil used as a heat source for joining titanium (2004)

We have joined titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) specimens at room temperature and in air by using free-standing nanostructured Al∕Ni multilayer foils to melt a silver-based braze. The foils are capable of undergoing self-sustaining exothermic reactions and thus act as controllable local heat sources. By systematically controlling the properties of the foils and by numerically modeling the reactive joining process, we are able to conclude that the temperatures reached by the foils during reaction are critical in determining the success of joining when using higher melting temperature braze layers.
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on In-Hospital Outcomes among Hospitalizations for Cardiac Surgery: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (2022)

The short-term impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cardiac surgery hospitalizations has been previously reported in cohorts of various sizes, but results have been variable. Using the 2005-2014 National Inpatient Sample, we identified all adult hospitalizations for cardiac surgery using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification as any procedure code and AF as any diagnosis code. We estimated the impact of AF on inpatient mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost of hospitalization using survey-weighted, multivariable logistic, accelerated failure-time log-normal, and log-transformed linear regressions, respectively. Additionally, we exact-matched AF to non-AF hospitalizations on various confounders for the same outcomes. A total of 1,269,414 hospitalizations were noted for cardiac surgery during the study period. Coexistent AF was found in 44.9% of these hospitalizations. Overall mean age was 65.6 years, 40.9% were female, mean LOS was 11.6 days, and inpatient mortality was 4.5%. Stroke rate was lower in AF hospitalizations (1.8% vs 2.1%, p<0.001). Mortality was lower in the AF (3.9%) versus the non-AF (5%) group (exact-matched OR or emOR=0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.80, p<0.001; 987 matched pairs, n=2423), with similar results after procedural stratification: isolated valve replacement/repair (emOR=0.38, p<0.001), isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (emOR=0.33, p<0.001), and CABG with valve replacement/repair (emOR=0.55, p<0.001). A 12% increase was seen in LOS in the AF subgroup (exact-matched time ratio=1.12, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.14, p<0.001) among hospitalizations which underwent valve replacement/repair with or without CABG. Hospitalizations for cardiac surgery which had coexistent AF were found to have lower inpatient mortality risk and stroke prevalence but higher LOS and hospitalization costs compared with hospitalizations without AF.
Improved Normalizing Flow-Based Speech Enhancement Using an all-Pole Gammatone Filterbank for Conditional Input Representation (2023)

Deep generative models for Speech Enhancement (SE) received increasing attention in recent years. The most prominent example are Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), while normalizing flows (NF) received less attention despite their potential. Building on previous work, architectural modifications are proposed, along with an investigation of different conditional input representations. Despite being a common choice in related works, Mel-spectrograms demonstrate to be inadequate for the given scenario. Alternatively, a novel All-Pole Gammatone filterbank (APG) with high temporal resolution is proposed. Although computational evaluation metric results would suggest that state-of-the-art GAN-based methods perform best, a perceptual evaluation via a listening test indicates that the presented NF approach (based on time domain and APG) performs best, especially at lower SNRs. On average, APG outputs are rated as having good quality, which is unmatched by the other methods, including GAN.
Progress in Metal-Supported SOFCs (2009)

Metal-supported SOFCs offer considerable cost and robustness advantages over traditional SOFC designs. In particular, the following topics will be addressed: - Advantages of the metal-supported design - Materials choice for electrolyte and metal support - Acceptable operating temperature range - Fabrication methods - Degradation mechanisms, including Cr migration, metal oxidation, anode-support interdiffusion, etc LBNL has demonstrated competitive power density and promising thermal shock and redox cycling tolerance for YSZ-based metal-supported cells. One cell design utilizes infiltrated anode and cathode catalysts coating porous, sintered YSZ electrode backbones. Our early work demonstrated high power density with infiltrated Ni anodes. Maximum power densities of &gt;330mW/cm2 and &gt;1000mW/cm2 were achieved with air and oxygen as oxidant, respectively, at 700{degree sign}C. Ni coarsens rapidly in fuel atmosphere, so we now use more stable oxide-based anode materials. Very promising stability at moderate power density (&gt;200mW/cm2) will be reported, along with an overview of our cell scale-up efforts.