gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum‐resistant authentication algorithms for satellite‐based augmentation systems (2019)

Cryptography in the form of digital signatures can be part of the solution to the threat of spoofing and is going to be implemented on Galileo and other Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Digital signatures incorporated into the data stream authenticate the integrity of the data as well as the origin of the message. Implementing a digital signature on a satellite-based augmentation system for use in aviation will require the signature to be short and the signing procedure to be cryptographically relevant for the next 30 or more years. With the advent of quantum computing, many state-of-the-art authentication schemes are no longer viable, so an authentication scheme implemented in satellite-based augmentation system will need to be quantum secure. This paper introduces the cryptographic primitives (foundational problems) necessary to understand the vulnerabilities in modern-day cryptography due to quantum computing and investigates the use of TESLA (Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant Algorithm) and EC-Schnorr (Elliptic Curve-Schnorr) algorithms in broadcast systems.
Opção minimamente invasiva lateral para artrodese intersomática tóraco-lombar (2011)

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar resultados clínicos e radiográficos do acesso lateral transpoas na experiência brasileira em condições degenerativas do disco intervertebral. MÉTODOS: 46 pacientes foram submetidos à fusão intersomática lombar por via lateral. Dentre os casos, 18 eram do sexo masculino e 28 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 57,3 (84-32 anos) e média de IMC de 25,9 ± 3,1. Todos os pacientes completaram um ano de acompanhamento. Foram coletados exames radiológicos, como raio X e tomografia computadorizada, exame neurológico e resultados clínicos usando os questionários ODI e VAS (costas e membros inferiores). RESULTADOS: Os procedimentos foram realizados, sem ocorrência de complicações intra-operatórias importantes, em uma média de 103,9 ± 105,5 minutos e com menos de 50cc de perda sanguínea. Em oito dos 46 procedimentos (17,4%) foi utilizada suplementação por parafusos pediculares percutâneos por apresentarem instabilidade segmentar. Foram tratados 80 níveis (de um a cinco níveis) tóraco-lombares (de T12-L1 a L4-L5). Os resultados clínicos avaliados pelos questionários revelaram melhora significante de dor logo após uma semana da cirurgia e da função física após seis semanas. A lordose lombar foi de 36,5 ± 14,7 no pré-operatório para 43,4 ± 12,4 no seguimento de 12 meses. Todos os pacientes apresentaram formação óssea após 12 meses da cirurgia. Sete casos foram revisados (15,2%), ainda de forma minimamente invasiva devido à estenose persistente (três casos; 6,5%), afundamento do espaçador (três casos; 6,5%) ou mal-alinhamento de barra da suplementação (um caso; 2,8%). CONCLUSÕES: Com melhora de parâmetros clínicos e radiológicos, a técnica se mostrou segura e eficaz no tratamento de condições degenerativas da coluna lombar.
Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nef gene during HIV-1 production increases progeny particle infectivity independently of gp160 or viral entry (1995)

The nef gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) promotes more-rapid kinetics of viral replication in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We have previously shown that these enhancing effects of Nef on HIV-1 replication reflect an increase in viral infectivity detectable both in limiting dilution assays and through a single-cycle infection of the HeLa-CD4-long terminal repeat-beta-galactosidase indicator cell line. We now demonstrate that nef-defective HIV-1 can be rescued to near wild-type levels of infectivity by coexpressing Nef in trans in the cell line producing the virus. This observation indicates that HIV-1 virions produced in the presence of Nef are intrinsically different. However, we show that the major viral structural proteins are quantitatively similar in purified viral preparations. We also demonstrate the functional equivalence of the gp120-gp41 envelope glycoprotein complexes of Nef+ and Nef- HIV-1 through an assay for viral entry. Finally, we show that env-defective Nef+ HIV-1 pseudotyped with an amphotropic envelope is also more infectious than similarly pseudotyped Nef- HIV-1. Thus, the production of HIV-1 in the presence of Nef results in viral particles that are more infectious, and this increased infectivity is manifested at a stage after viral entry but prior to or coincident with HIV-1 gene expression.
Oxidative damage on RNA mediated by cationic metalloporphyrin–antisense oligonucleotides conjugates † (1997)

A manganese cationic porphyrin covalently linked to the 5′ end of an antisense oligonucleotide was shown to mediate sequence-specific oxidative lesions on a mRNA target when activated by KHSO5. This manganese porphyrin cleaver did not induce direct RNA strand breaks but promoted the arrest of reverse transcription due to oxidative damage on bases of the RNA template.
Development of ultra-low volume, multi-bio fluid, cortisol sensing platform (2018)

The development of a non-faradaic electrochemical sensor for screening across multiple bio-fluids that demonstrate the expression of cortisol using a gold microelectrode-based sensor is reported in this paper. Room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), BMIM[BF<sub>4</sub>] was used as the buffer to modulate the electrical double layer (EDL) to enhance the electrochemical signal response of the sensor. The sensor design and the surface chemistry was optimized using COMSOL Multiphysics software simulations and FTIR respectively. The sensor was designed so that it uses ultra-low volumes between 3-5 µL of bio-fluid for detection. Cortisol detection was achieved in the physiologically relevant ranges when tested in serum, blood, sweat, and, saliva using non-faradaic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and performance parameters of the sensor were determined. Sensor's response was tested against the only commercially available salivary cortisol point-of-care kit using regression analysis. Cross-reactive studies using prednisone indicated that the sensor is specific for cortisol. The sensor displayed a correlation value i.e. R<sup>2</sup> > 0.95 between the signal response and the concentration of cortisol present in the system. Dynamic range of the sensor was across the physiologically relevant range of cortisol i.e. 50-200 ng/ml for serum/blood, 1-40 ng/ml for saliva, and 10-150 ng/ml for sweat. Limit of detection for serum and sweat was 10 ng/ml and 1 ng/ml for saliva.
A tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser using a self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode (2003)

A tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser using a self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) is proposed and demonstrated. By adding an FP-LD incorporated with a tunable bandpass filter within the ring cavity, the fiber laser can lase two wavelengths simultaneously because of the self-seeded mechanism. This dual-wavelength output exhibits a good performance having the optical side-mode suppression ratio over 31 dB. The wavelength-tuning range of this tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser can be up to 9 nm.
Learning graphs with monotone topology properties (2017)

Learning graphs with topology properties is a non-convex optimization problem. We propose a tractable algorithm that finds the generalized Laplacian matrix of a graph with the desired type of topology. Given the covariance/similarity matrix, our algorithm first solves a combinatorial optimization problem to find a graph topology that satisfies the desired structural property, and second, it estimates a generalized Laplacian matrix by solving a sparsity constrained Log-Determinant divergence minimization problem. The proposed method is guaranteed to find a near optimal generalized Laplacian matrix if the graph family is monotone, i.e. it is closed under edge removal operations. We derive an specific instance of our algorithm to learn bipartite graphs and we evaluate the performance of our graph learning method via numerical experiments with synthetic and image data.
The influence of elevated intraocular pressure on vascular pressures in the cat retina. (1994)

Intraocular pressure is an important determinant of the microvascular perfusion pressure in the retina of the cat, particularly at low mean systemic blood pressure. It is also apparent that retinal vein pressure is always greater than intraocular pressure, which implies the existence of a high-resistance extraretinal segment of the retinal vein. The results suggest mechanisms for the loss of visual function in glaucoma and other retinal circulatory disorders.
Ultra-short pulse propagation in 3D GaAs Photonic Crystal (2000)

We investigate the ultra-short pulse propagation through the 3D photonic crystal in the optical region. We made pulse-shape measurements using the femtosecond pulses for the first time and compared the result with the calculation result.
Vaccines for allergy (2012)

Vaccines aim to establish or strengthen immune responses but are also effective for the treatment of allergy. The latter is surprising because allergy represents a hyper-immune response based on immunoglobulin E production against harmless environmental antigens, i.e., allergens. Nevertheless, vaccination with allergens, termed allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only disease-modifying therapy of allergy with long-lasting effects. New forms of allergy diagnosis and allergy vaccines based on recombinant allergen-derivatives, peptides and allergen genes have emerged through molecular allergen characterization. The molecular allergy vaccines allow sophisticated targeting of the immune system and may eliminate side effects which so far have limited the use of traditional allergen extract-based vaccines. Successful clinical trials performed with the new vaccines indicate that broad allergy vaccination is on the horizon and may help to control the allergy pandemic.
Structural Studies of Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductase and Cinnamyl-Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Key Enzymes of Monolignol Biosynthesis (2014)

The enzymes cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyze the two key reduction reactions in the conversion of cinnamic acid derivatives into monolignol building blocks for lignin polymers in plant cell walls. Here, we describe detailed functional and structural analyses of CCRs from Medicago truncatula and Petunia hybrida and of an atypical CAD (CAD2) from M. truncatula. These enzymes are closely related members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. Our structural studies support a reaction mechanism involving a canonical SDR catalytic triad in both CCR and CAD2 and an important role for an auxiliary cysteine unique to CCR. Site-directed mutants of CAD2 (Phe226Ala and Tyr136Phe) that enlarge the phenolic binding site result in a 4- to 10-fold increase in activity with sinapaldehyde, which in comparison to the smaller coumaraldehyde and coniferaldehyde substrates is disfavored by wild-type CAD2. This finding demonstrates the potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants. Thermal denaturation measurements and structural comparisons of various liganded and unliganded forms of CCR and CAD2 highlight substantial conformational flexibility of these SDR enzymes, which plays an important role in the establishment of catalytically productive complexes of the enzymes with their NADPH and phenolic substrates.
R&D Activities for 5G Radio Access Technologies Using SHF Bands and Co-Creation of New Services Using 5G (2019)

Toward the introduction of various new mobile services and applications since 2020, the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G) aims to further improve the capability from the 4th generation mobile communication system, and R&D activities of 5G technologies have been promoted to achieve higher capacity, higher data speed and lower power consumption. In this talk, we introduce overview and major results of R&D on 5G radio access technologies using SHF bands jointly carried out with domestic companies, and we will also introduce our latest activities on co-creation of new service using 5G and its field trials with partners in a wide range of industries.
Dynamic jamming fronts (2013)

We describe a model experiment for dynamic jamming: a two-dimensional collection of initially unjammed disks that are forced into the jammed state by uniaxial compression via a rake. This leads to a stable densification front that travels ahead of the rake, leaving regions behind it jammed. Using disk conservation in conjunction with an upper limit to the packing fraction at jamming onset, we predict the front speed as a function of packing fraction and rake speed. However, we find that the jamming front has a finite width, a feature that cannot be explained by disk conservation alone. This width appears to diverge on approach to jamming, which suggests that it may be related to growing lengthscales encountered in other jamming studies.
Distributed Load Balancing in Key-Value Networked Caches (2017)

Modern web services rely on a network of distributed cache servers to efficiently deliver content to users. Load imbalance among cache servers can substantially degrade content delivery performance. Due to the skewed and dynamic nature of real-world workloads, cache servers that serve viral content experience higher load as compared to other cache servers. We propose a novel distributed load balancing protocol called Meezan to address the load imbalance among cache servers. Meezan replicates popular objects to mitigate skewness and adjusts hash space boundaries in response to load dynamics in a novel way. Our theoretical analysis shows that Meezan achieves near perfect load balancing for a wide range of operating parameters. Our trace driven simulations shows that Meezan reduces load imbalance by up to 52% as compared to prior solutions.
A method to determine the thickness and magnetization of thin uniaxial magnetic films (1972)

A method is described whereby the thickness and magnetization of thin epitaxial magnetic films can be estimated from a measurement of the initial slope of the magnetic flux vs magnetic field curve and the zero-field domain period, respectively. The method is based on an analysis of the parallel-stripe-domain configuration as an approximation to the real domain configuration. Data is shown comparing the calculated thickness to that obtained by optically observing edge polished specimens, for a number of films.
Antibodies against synthetic amphipathic helical sequences of surfactant protein SP‐B detect a conformational change in the native protein (1991)

Synthetic peptides based on the native human sequence of surfactant protein B have been used to generate polyclonal monospecific antibodies against specific segments of the native SP‐B protein. Circular dichroism analysis of the synthetic peptides shows they have a dominant helical content in structure promoting environments and tensiometric measurements indicate these peptides lower surface tension at air—water interfaces implying that they contain amphipathic alpha helical motifs. Antibodies directed against the C‐terminal segment of SP‐B react with the native protein in the oxidized and reduced state. Antibodies directed against the N‐terminal sequence of SP‐B react with the native protein only in the reduced state suggesting that this domain has a conformation dependent on disulfide bond formation.
Eotaxin-2 activates chemotaxis-related events and release of reactive oxygen species via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins in human eosinophils (1998)

Eosinophils play an important role in allergic and autoimmune diseases. They are activated by distinct chemokines, leading to the immigration into the inflamed tissue, and mediate tissue damage by releasing reactive oxygen species. Recently, eotaxin was found to have the broadest spectrum of activities of all eosinophil-activating CC chemokines. In this study we investigated the effect of the novel CC chemokine, eotaxin-2, on eosinophil effector functions and compared its activity with eotaxin. Using nitrobenzoxadiazole-phallacidin staining and flow cytometry, we show that eotaxin-2 induced rapid and transient actin polymerization, a prerequisite for cell migration and modulation of the respiratory burst, in eosinophils in the same range of efficacy as observed for eotaxin. Eotaxin-2 induced the release of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner; half maximal and maximal release were found at 50 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml, respectively. Surprisingly, the efficacy of eotaxin-2 was comparable to that of eotaxin and C5a. Release of reactive oxygen species was inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of Gi proteins in the signaling of eotaxin-2. Moreover, the anti-CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) monoclonal antibody, 7B11, was able to inhibit transient rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the release of reactive oxygen species following stimulation with eotaxin-2. Therefore, eotaxin-2 represents a potent CC chemokine for human eosinophils activating chemotaxis-related events, such as actin polymerization, and the respiratory burst via the CCR3. Moreover, the efficacy of eotaxin-2 seems to be in the same range as that of eotaxin which might re-evaluate the recent profile of activity of CC chemokines in the activation of human eosinophils.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Lrig1 Is an Estrogen-Regulated Growth Suppressor and Correlates with Longer Relapse-Free Survival in ERα-Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 871K&lt;/p&gt;
Volumetric meta-optics for sorting light by color, polarization, and angle of incidence (2022)

Three-dimensional elements, with refractive index distribution structured at subwavelength scale, provide an expansive optical design space that can be harnessed for demonstrating multifunctional free-space optical devices. We present three dimensional dielectric elements, designed to be placed on top of the pixels of image sensors that provide different functionalities like sorting and focusing of light based on its color, polarization and incidence angle. The devices are designed via iterative gradient-based optimization to account for multiple target functions while ensuring compatibility with existing nanofabrication processes. This approach combines arbitrary functions into a single compact element, even where there is no known equivalent in bulk optics, enabling novel integrated photonic applications. We analyze how the device behaves for input parameters that it was not designed for and investigate how the arrangement of the imaging pixels affects the device performance.
Determination of Particle Size Distribution of Titanium Dioxide (1998)

Uniformly charged polyelectrolytes migrate with size-independent velocities in free solutions and when only electric forces are present. This is due to a symmetry between the charge of the solutes and friction. To size-separate such polyelectrolytes by means of electrophoresis, this symmetry must be broken.
A Duplex of Tetra(2-pyridyl)porphyrin and Tetrahydroxylcalix[4]arene (2003)

Abstract meso-Tetra(2-pyridyl)porphyrin forms a duplex with tetrahydroxylcalix[4]arene via triplicate or quadruple hydrogen bonds, to provide a capping structure on the porphyrin plane.
Early origin of sweet perception in the songbird radiation (2021)

Early events in the evolutionary history of a clade can shape the sensory systems of descendant lineages. Although the avian ancestor may not have had a sweet receptor, the widespread incidence of nectar-feeding birds suggests multiple acquisitions of sugar detection. In this study, we identify a single early sensory shift of the umami receptor (the T1R1-T1R3 heterodimer) that conferred sweet-sensing abilities in songbirds, a large evolutionary radiation containing nearly half of all living birds. We demonstrate sugar responses across species with diverse diets, uncover critical sites underlying carbohydrate detection, and identify the molecular basis of sensory convergence between songbirds and nectar-specialist hummingbirds. This early shift shaped the sensory biology of an entire radiation, emphasizing the role of contingency and providing an example of the genetic basis of convergence in avian evolution.
Randomized Caching in Cooperative UAV-Enabled Fog-RAN (2019)

We consider an unmanned aerial vehicle enabled (UAV-enabled) fog-radio access network (F-RAN) in which UAVs are considered as flying remote radio heads (RRH) equipped with caching and cooperative communications capabilities. We are mainly focus on probabilistic/randomized content placement strategy, and accordingly formulate the content placement as an optimization problem. We then study the efficiency of the proposed content placement by evaluating the average system capacity and its energy-efficiency. Our results indicate that cooperative communication plays an essential role in UAV-enabled edge communications as it effectively curbs the impact of dominant Line-of-Sight (LOS) received interference. It is also seen that cooperative cache-enabled UAV F-RAN performs better in high-rise environments than dense urban and sub-urban environments. This is due to a significant reduction of the received LOS interference because of blockage by the high-rise buildings, and the performance gain of cooperative communication on the attending signal. Comparing the performances of the developed content placement strategy and conventional caching techniques shows that our proposed probabilistic/randomized caching outperforms the others in most of the practical cases.
1 H MR Spectroscopy of the Motor Cortex Immediately following Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation at 7 Tesla (2018)

Abstract Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that may modulate cortical excitability, metabolite concentration, and human behaviour. The supplementary motor area (SMA) has been largely ignored as a potential target for tDCS neurorehabilitation but is an important region in motor compensation after brain injury with strong efferent connections to the primary motor cortex (M1). The objective of this work was to measure tissue metabolite changes in the human motor cortex immediately following tDCS. We hypothesized that bihemispheric tDCS would change levels of metabolites involved in neuromodulation including N -acetylaspartate, glutamate, and creatine. In this single-blind, randomized, cross-over study, fifteen healthy adults aged 21-60 participated in two 7T MRI sessions, to identify changes in metabolite concentrations by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Immediately after 20 minutes of tDCS, there were no significant changes in metabolite levels or metabolite ratios comparing tDCS to sham. However there was a trend toward increased NAA/tCr concentration ( p =0.08) in M1 under the stimulating cathode. There was a strong, positive correlation between the change in the absolute concentration of NAA and the change in the absolute concentration of tCr ( p &lt;0.001) suggesting an effect of tDCS. Both NAA and creatine are important markers of neurometabolism. Our findings provide novel insight into the modulation of neural metabolites in the motor cortex immediately following application of bihemispheric tDCS.