gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Depth Cues from Uncalibrated Near-field Lighting (2007)

We present the first method to compute depth cues from images taken solely under uncalibrated near point lighting. A stationary scene is illuminated by a point source that is moved approximately along a line or in a plane. We observe the brightness profile at each pixel and demonstrate how to obtain three novel cues: plane-scene intersections, depth ordering and mirror symmetries. These cues are defined with respect to the line/plane in which the light source moves, and not the camera viewpoint. Plane-Scene Intersections are detected by finding those scene points that are closest to the light source path at some time instance. Depth Ordering for scenes with homogeneous BRDFs is obtained by sorting pixels according to their shortest distances from a plane containing the light source path. Mirror Symmetry pairs for scenes with homogeneous BRDFs are detected by reflecting scene points across a plane in which the light source moves. We show analytic results for Lambertian objects and demonstrate empirical evidence for a variety of other BRDFs.
The effects of pulse energy variations on the dimensions of microscopic thermal treatment zones in nonablative fractional resurfacing (2006)

The Fraxel SR laser system delivers pulses across a wide range of density and energy levels. We determined that increases in pulse energy led to increases in MTZ depth and width without compromising the structure or viability of interlesional tissue.
Power handling capability of High-Q evanescent-mode RF MEMS resonators with flexible diaphragm (2009)

In this paper, we present theoretical and experimental investigations into the power handling capability of high-Q evanescent-mode RF MEMS tunable resonators based on electrostatically-actuated thin diaphragm tuner. The ¿self-biasing¿ of the diaphragm tuner from RF signal has been found to cause non-linear effects such as resonant frequency drift, frequency response distortion and instability. A non-linear circuit model has been proposed to predict such non-linearities and provide design guidelines for high power applications. Large signal measurement on a high-Q evanescent-mode resonator with no DC biasing shows good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Book reviews (1999)

Spaces of Globalization: Reasserting the Power of the Local. K. R. Cox (Ed.). New York and London: The Guilford Press, 1997, £39.95, ISBN 1 57230 196 1 (hb), £14.95, ISBN 1 57230 199 6 (pb) Du Local au Global. Les Initiatives Économiques pour le Développement Économique en Europe et en Amérique. Christophe Demazière (Ed.). Paris, L'Harmattan, 1996, 382 pp., 190 FF, ISBN 2 7384 3819 9 Planning, The Market and Private Housebuilding. G. Bramley, W. Bartlett and C. Lambert. UCL Press, London/Bristol, 1995, 192 pp., £35.00 (hb)/£11.95 (pb), ISBN 1 85728 162 (hb)/1 85728 163 2 (pb) Urban World/Global City. David Clark. Routledge, London & New York, 1996, 211 pp., £11.99 ISBN 0 41514 437 X (pb)
Domain decomposition and non-uniform spherical grid interpolation (NSGI) algorithm for fast solution of potential problems (2002)

A novel scheme facilitating numerically efficient evaluation of the potential produced by a given charge distribution is presented. The algorithm is based on the observation that locally the the potential produced by a finite size source is an essentially bandlimited function of the angles and a polynomial in the reciprocal radial distance. Therefore the potential can be interpolated from its samples at a small number of points of a nonuniform spherical grid. With this in mind, the problem geometry is decomposed into hierarchy of subdomains. Potential computation is performed separately for charges residing in each subdomain on the finest level. The proposed multilevel algorithm comprises interpolation and aggregation of potentials for each group of subdomains to compute the potential of a larger parent subdomain. The resulting hierarchical algorithm attains an asymptotic complexity of O(N).
Extending the limits of direct force measurements: colloidal probes from sub-micron particles (2017)

Direct force measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in combination with the colloidal probe technique are widely used to determine interaction forces in colloidal systems. However, a number of limitations are still preventing a more universal applicability of this technique. Currently, one of the most significant limitations is that only particles with diameters of several micrometers can be used as probe particles. Here, we present a novel approach, based on the combination of nanofluidics and AFM (also referred to as FluidFM-technique), that allows to overcome this size limit and extend the size of suitable probe particles below diameters of 500 nanometers. Moreover, by aspiration of colloidal particles with a hollow AFM-cantilever, the immobilization process is independent of the particle's surface chemistry. Furthermore, the probe particles can be exchanged in situ. The applicability of the FluidFM-technique is demonstrated with silica particles, which are also the types of particles most often used for the preparation of colloidal probes. By comparing 'classical' colloidal probes, i.e. probes from particles irreversibly attached with glue, and various particle sizes aspirated by the FluidFM-technique, we can quantitatively evaluate the instrumental limits. Evaluation of the force profiles demonstrate that even for 500 nm silica particles the diffuse layer properties can be evaluated quantitatively. Therefore, direct force measurements on the level of particle sizes used in industrial formulations will become available in the future.
European Record Efficiency Amorphous-Crystalline-Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: Final Results from the HETSI Project (2011)

In this work, we present some of the main results obtained within the project “Heterojunction Solar Cells based on a-Si/c-Si” (HETSI) [1], funded by the European Commission in the framework of the 7th Research Framework Program from 2008 to 2011. This project, based on the promising silicon heterojunction technology, represents a concerted effort of the consortium, a well balanced mix of universities, institutes of technology and industrial partners, to combine device modelling, material optimization and characterization, process development (from texturization to metallization), PV cell and module process integration, while cost and environmental issues are addressed as well. Thanks to a better understanding of the device physics from advanced characterization tools and modeling, the results obtained by this consortium have put Europe on the map, with a record cell efficiency of 20,7% on large area n-type c-Si wafers. Moreover, a dedicated module process has been developed with low losses of only 1% absolute from cell to module.
GSTT1: A Marker of the Aggressiveness of Bladder Cancer (2010)

GSTT1 is correlated with characteristics of aggressive BC. GSTT1 may play an important role in tumorigenesis and disease progression in patients with BC.
User-Driven Research of Medical Note Generation Software (2022)

Tom Knoll, Francesco Moramarco, Alex Papadopoulos Korfiatis, Rachel Young, Claudia Ruffini, Mark Perera, Christian Perstl, Ehud Reiter, Anya Belz, Aleksandar Savkov. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2022.
Abstract 3690: Metabolic regulation of mutant p53 stability by the mevalonate pathway (2016)

Abstract Introduction: Mutations in the p53 gene are mostly missense mutations and result in accumulation of dysfunctional p53 protein in tumors with oncogenic gain-of-function activities. Increasing evidence indicates that stabilization of mutant p53 (mutp53) in tumors is crucial for its oncogenic activities including tumor progression and drug resistance, while downregulation of mutp53 reduces oncogenicity of cancer cells. These observations suggest that malignant properties of cancer cells are dependent on the presence of mutp53, thus providing a rationale to identify compounds that deplete mutant p53 with little impact on wild-type p53. Experimental procedures: Toward this goal, we performed high throughput screens of chemical libraries (∼9,000 compounds) with Saos2 (p53 null) cells expressing a fusion protein of p53R175H and luciferase, using luciferase as a reporter. Summary of data: This screening led us to identify “statins”, a class of cholesterol-lowering medications, as compounds that induced degradation of p53R175H. We found that other inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway, such as 6-fluoromevalonate and zoledronic acid, failed to induce p53R175H degradation, while statin-mediated inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and subsequent reduction in mevalonte-5-phosphate triggered p53R175H degradation. These results suggest that statin's effect on p53R175H is specific and independent of protein prenylation/lipidation or cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, nuclear export of p53R175H was required for the statin-mediated degradation, which was mediated through an E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP, but not MDM2. Interestingly, statins induced degradation of mainly conformational p53 mutants with minimal effects on the levels of wild-type p53 and DNA contact mutants. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating that mutp53 stability is regulated through a specific process of the mevalonate pathway, thereby providing a novel regulatory mechanism of mutp53 degradation. Our findings suggest that p53 mutation status in tumors may have an impact on efficacy of statins in cancer therapy. Citation Format: Tomoo Iwakuma, Atul Ranjan, Swathi V. Iyer, Subhash Padhye, Scott Weir, Anuradha Roy. Metabolic regulation of mutant p53 stability by the mevalonate pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3690.
Single-FPGA complete 3D and 2D medical ultrasound imager (2017)

3D ultrasound (US) acquisition acquires volumetric images, thus alleviating a classical US imaging bottleneck that requires a highly-trained sonographer to operate the US probe. However, this opportunity has not been explored in practice, since 3D US machines are only suitable for hospital usage in terms of cost, size and power requirements. In this work we propose the first fully-digital, single-chip 3D US imager on FPGA. The proposed design is a complete processing pipeline that includes pre-processing, image reconstruction, and post-processing. It supports up to 1024 input channels, which matches or exceeds state of the art, in an unprecedented estimated power budget of 6.1 W. The imager exploits a highly scalable architecture which can be either downscaled for 2D imaging, or further upscaled on a larger FPGA. Our platform supports both real-time inputs over an optical cable, or test data feeds sent by a laptop running Matlab and custom tools over an Ethernet connection. Additionally, the design allows HDMI video output on a screen.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonlinear Optical Properties of Glasses of the NaPO3‐Na2B4O7‐TiO2 System. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Model, Data and Reward Repair: Trusted Machine Learning for Markov Decision Processes (2018)

When machine learning (ML) models are used in safety-critical or mission-critical applications (e.g., self driving cars, cyber security, surgical robotics), it is important to ensure that they provide some high-level guarantees (e.g., safety, liveness). We introduce a paradigm called Trusted Machine Learning (TML) for making ML models more trustworthy. We use Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) as the underlying dynamical model and outline three TML approaches: (1) Model Repair, wherein we modify the learned model directly; (2) Data Repair, wherein we modify the data so that re-learning from the modified data results in a trusted model; and (3) Reward Repair, wherein we modify the reward function of the MDP to satisfy the specified logical constraint. We show how these repairs can be done efficiently for probabilistic models (e.g., MDP) when the desired properties are expressed in some appropriate fragment of logic such as temporal logic (for example PCTL, i.e., Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic), first order logic or propositional logic. We illustrate our approaches on case studies from multiple domains, e.g., car controller for obstacle avoidance, and a query routing controller in a wireless sensor network.
4×40 Gb/s 2 pJ/bit Optical RX with 8ns Power-on and CDR-Lock Time in 14nm CMOS (2018)

We report a low-power 4-channel NRZ optical RX including a digital burst-mode CDR measured up to 40Gb/s/lane in 14nm CMOS. The RX, designed for 850nm VCSEL based optical links, can wake-up and achieve phase-lock in 8ns at BER&lt;2*10(-12).
Whole-genome sequencing suggests mechanisms for 22q11.2 deletion-associated Parkinson’s disease (2017)

The results of this first-ever pilot study of WGS in PD suggest that the cumulative burden of genome-wide sequence variants may contribute to expression of early-onset PD in the presence of threshold-lowering dosage effects of a 22q11.2 deletion. We found no evidence that expression of PD in 22q11.2DS is mediated by a recessive locus on the intact 22q11.2 chromosome or mutations in known PD genes. These findings offer initial evidence of the potential effects of multiple within-individual rare variants on the expression of PD and the utility of next generation sequencing for studying the etiology of PD.
The optimization of multipole magnetizing fixtures for high-energy magnets (abstract) (1988)

Modern high-energy magnetic materials such as samarium-cobalt and neodymium-iron-boron require very large magnitizing fields to achieve full saturation. In some cases the recommended magnetizing field is as high as 40 kOe. Such a field is readily achievable in a large solenoid, and undirectional magnetization is easily accomplished. Many applications such as motors and linear actuators, however, require multipole magnets. The problem of designing custom fixtures for multipole magnetization has often been considered more of an art than a science. This paper shows that by mathematically modeling the capacitor discharge magnetizer and the fixture the problem can be solved with reasonable predictability. Two different multipole fixture designs are presented along with the experimental results. The basic equations are presented and used to predict the magnetic field intensity inside the fixtures. It is shown that optimum performance is achieved when the resistance of the fixture is equal to the parasitic resistance of the magnetizer. Finite element analysis is also used as part of the design process. The experimental results have been achieved using a high-voltage, low-energy capacitor discharge magnetizer and air core fixtures. The magnetization patterns that are produced are very sharp and well defined.
Different cytokine profile and antigen‐specificity repertoire in Helicobacter pylori‐specific T cell clones from the antrum of chronic gastritis patients with or without peptic ulcer (1997)

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection almost invariably results in chronic antral gastritis, but only a proportion of patients develop peptic ulcer. Some Hp strains may be more ulcerogenic than others, but some ulcerogenic mechanisms may also depend on the type of the host immune response. In this study, the antigen specificity and the cytokine profile of 53 Hp-specific CD4+ T cell clones derived from the antral mucosa of five patients with Hp-induced uncomplicated chronic gastritis (CG) were assessed and compared with those of 34 Hp-specific CD4+ T cell clones derived from six Hp-infected patients with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer (CG-PU). The majority (28/34; 82%) of gastric Hp-specific T cell clones from CG-PU patients expressed the Th1 profile and 17 (all Th1) of the 34 clones were specific for cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA). In contrast, 34 (64%) of the 53 Hp-specific gastric T cell clones derived from CG patients were able to secrete both Th1 and Th2 cytokines (Th0 profile) and only 36% expressed a polarized Th1 profile. The majority (85%) of Hp-specific clones from CG patients recognized Hp antigens other than CagA, since 13/53 (25%) were specific for urease, 6 (11%) for VacA, 6 (11%) for HSP and 20 (38%) for other undefined Hp antigens. Results provide evidence that the type of T helper cell response against Hp may vary according to the antigen involved and suggest that a polarized Th1 response may play a role in the genesis of peptic ulcer, whereas a local Th0 response, including interleukin-4 production, may represent an individual host factor which contributes to lower the degree of gastric inflammation and prevent ulcer complication.
Path-length-resolved dynamic light scattering: modeling the transition from single to diffusive scattering (2001)

Dynamic light-scattering spectroscopy is used to study Brownian motion within highly scattering samples. The fluctuations of the light field that is backscattered by a suspension of polystyrene microspheres are measured as power spectra by use of low-coherence interferometry to obtain path-length resolution. The data are modeled as the sum of contributions to the detected light weighted by a Poisson probability for the number of events that each component has experienced. By analyzing the broadening of the power spectra as a function of the path length for various sizes of particles, we determine the contribution of multiple scattering to the detected signal as a function of scattering anisotropy.
A Development Environment for Configurable Meta-Annotators in a Pipelined NLP Architecture (2008)

We conducted a cross-sectional study for SARS-CoV-2 anti-S1 IgG prevalence in French blood donors (n = 32605), from March-2020 to January-2021. A mathematical model combined seroprevalence with a daily number of hospital admissions to estimate the probability of hospitalization upon infection and determine the number of infections while correcting for antibody decay. There was an overall seroprevalence increase over the study period and we estimate that ∼15% of the French population had been infected by SARS-CoV-2 by January-2021. The infection/hospitalization ratio increased with age, from 0.31% (18-30yo) to 4.5% (61-70yo). Half of the IgG-S1 positive individuals had no detectable antibodies 4 to 5 months after infection. The seroprevalence in group O donors (7.43%) was lower (p = 0.003) than in A, B, and AB donors (8.90%). We conclude, based on seroprevalence data and mathematical modeling, that a large proportion of the French population was unprotected against severe disease prior to the vaccination campaign.
Accelerating Drug Discovery by Integrative Implementation of Laboratory Automation in the Work Flow (2002)

Acceleration of the drug discovery process in pre-clinical pharmaceutical research is a highly desirable goal and combinatorial chemistry united with automation technology promised to accomplish this task. Through the accumulation of experience with automated devices over time it became evident that only by harmonisation and streamlining of work-flow procedures the efficiency of the overall process can be improved. An open architecture of efficient data management and appropriate utilisation of automated laboratory protocols provides the opportunity to react in a flexible and advisable way. Only an integrative workflow concept promotes the enhancement of the overall performance. However, the foundation of any efforts towards the accelerated synthesis of new and desired compound arrays lies in the development of reliable chemistry protocols amenable to solid- and solution phase chemistry.
Developments of the cusp trap to synthesize antihydrogen atoms for high precision spectroscopy of ground state hyperfine splitting (2009)

We have been developing a so-called cusp trap to synthesize antihydrogen atoms, and to make high precision microwave spectroscopy. The cusp trap consists of an anti-Helmholtz coil and a multi-ring trap, which yield axially symmetric magnetic and electric fields. This axial symmetry is quite important to realize stable confinements of antiproton and positron plasmas, which guarantees stable operation during the antihydrogen synthesis.
SU-C-18C-07: Quantitative Measurement of Arterial Arrival Time in Pial Collaterals: Effect of Physical Parameters On Performance (2014)

Introduction: During Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO), the presence pial collateral capillaries can affect a stroke's severity and subsequent recovery Arterial arrival time (AAT) is the difference in contrast arrival time between a reference artery and a measured vessel, and can serve as an indirect angiographic measure of pial collateral recruitment during acute ischemic stroke. No automated method for AAT assessment is currently available on digital subtraction angiography. We report on an automated method for AAT maps derived from DSA and potential pitfalls that confound the accuracy of these maps. Methods: Our dataset consisted of digital angiographic images of five canines obtained on a GE OEC 9800 Plus Cardiac system using, 490 × 492 pixel images and iohexol, Images had been obtained after an induced MCAO. Our automatic method corrects for drift in x-ray output and measured noise in a region with no contrast. For each pixel, contrast arrival time was calculated using thresholding. AAT is the difference in contrast arrival time between a reference artery and a measured vessel, and yields information on the extent of pial collateralization in a measured vessel. This method was also validated against a manual determination of AAT. Deviations between manual and automatic methods were assessed across various physical parameters. Results: Factors that degrade the automatic determination of the AAT included motion, vessel orientation, the partial volume effect, pixel location from the vessel's center, and contrast agent dispersion. For example, contrast agent dispersion caused errors in the AAT from 33 to 891 milliseconds, across three dogs, for arrival times between a reference artery of the middle cerebral artery and a pial collateral vessel. Conclusions: For parameters studied, temporal distance can be validated down to milliseconds, thus allowing for the objective assessment of AAT and the potential appraisal of a stroke's severity.
Differential Expression of System L Amino Acid Transporters during Wound Healing Process in the Skin of Young and Old Rats (2008)

These results suggest that the LAT1 and LAT2 increase in the wound healing process after cell injury in young and old rats, respectively.
Achievable Outage Rate Regions for the MISO Interference Channel (2013)

We consider the slow-fading two-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) interference channel. We want to understand which rate points can be achieved, allowing a non-zero outage probability. We do so by defining four different outage rate regions. The definitions differ on whether the rates are declared in outage jointly or individually and whether the transmitters have instantaneous or statistical channel state information (CSI). The focus is on the instantaneous CSI case with individual outage, where we propose a stochastic mapping from the rate point and the channel realization to the beamforming vectors. A major contribution is that we prove that the stochastic component of this mapping is independent of the actual channel realization.