gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated system for health monitoring of civil infrastructures using a sensor network (2015)

Civil infrastructures such as bridges, highways and buildings are important components of any region and their health should be monitored. Sensor networks can be used to assess the infrastructure conditions. These networks can consist of up to thousands of different sensors and continuously generate large amounts of data. Analyzing the data to find anomalies in a timely manner is very critical, as it can prevent disasters from occurring. A reliable integrated system that efficiently incorporates and analyses data from sensors must be designed. This paper proposes an architecture that envisions the deployment of a sensor network, collecting data of various physical parameters. Stochastic models, incorporating data from all sensors, were generated. A meta-heuristic algorithm solved the models for several scenarios and successfully identified anomalies. The proposed methodology aims to identify anomalies, which allows appropriate preventive actions in timely manner.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFUEHRUNG EINER 9(11)‐DOPPELBINDUNG IN STEROIDE DURCH SELEKTIVE RADIKALISCHE HALOGENIERUNG (1972)

Abstract Bei einfacher Bestrahlung des Cholestans (Ia) in Benzol wird das Steroid‐Olefin (IIa) gebildet.
Signal Detection in MIMO Systems with Hardware Imperfections: Message Passing on Neural Networks (2022)

In this paper, we investigate signal detection in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems with hardware impairments, such as power amplifier nonlinearity and in-phase/quadrature imbalance. To deal with the complex combined effects of hardware imperfections, neural network (NN) techniques, in particular deep neural networks (DNNs), have been studied to directly compensate for the impact of hardware impairments. However, it is difficult to train a DNN with limited pilot signals, hindering its practical applications. In this work, we investigate how to achieve efficient Bayesian signal detection in MIMO systems with hardware imperfections. Characterizing combined hardware imperfections often leads to complicated signal models, making Bayesian signal detection challenging. To address this issue, we first train an NN to "model" the MIMO system with hardware imperfections and then perform Bayesian inference based on the trained NN. Modelling the MIMO system with NN enables the design of NN architectures based on the signal flow of the MIMO system, minimizing the number of NN layers and parameters, which is crucial to achieving efficient training with limited pilot signals. We then represent the trained NN with a factor graph, and design an efficient message passing based Bayesian signal detector, leveraging the unitary approximate message passing (UAMP) algorithm. The implementation of a turbo receiver with the proposed Bayesian detector is also investigated. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique delivers remarkably better performance than state-of-the-art methods.
The mitochondria-targeting peptide Elamipretide preserves mitochondrial function and protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion damage (2018)

Background. Elamipretide is a tetrapeptide which targets mitochondria and protects cardiac tissue against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) damage by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome C release in peri-infarcted areas. The mechanism of action of elamipretide is related to its interactions with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The aim of this study was to determine the uptake and distribution of elamipretide in cardiac tissue and mitochondria, evaluate its effect on mitochondrial functionality, and its ability to protect the heart from IR injury ex vivo and in vivo.
Modeling the Late Steps in HIV-1 Retroviral Integrase-catalyzed DNA Integration (2000)

Model oligodeoxyribonucleotide substrates representing viral DNA integration intermediates with a gap and a two-nucleotide 5' overhang were used to examine late steps in human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) retroviral integrase (IN)-catalyzed DNA integration in vitro. HIV-1 or avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (RT) were capable of quantitatively filling in the gap to create a nicked substrate but did not remove the 5' overhang. HIV-1 IN also failed to remove the 5' overhang with the gapped substrate. However, with a nicked substrate formed by RT, HIV-1 IN removed the overhang and covalently closed the nick in a disintegration-like reaction. The efficiency of this closure reaction was very low. Such closure was not stimulated by the addition of HMG-(I/Y), suggesting that this protein only acts during the early processing and joining reactions. Addition of Flap endonuclease-1, a nuclease known to remove 5' overhangs, abolished the closure reaction catalyzed by IN. A series of base pair inversions, introduced into the HIV-1 U5 long terminal repeat sequence adjacent to and/or including the conserved CA dinucleotide, produced no or only a small decrease in the HIV-1 IN-dependent strand closure reaction. These same mutations caused a significant decrease in the efficiency of concerted DNA integration by a modified donor DNA in vitro, suggesting that recognition of the ends of the long terminal repeat sequence is required only in the early steps of DNA integration. Finally, a combination of HIV-1 RT, Flap endonuclease-1, and DNA ligase is capable of quantitatively forming covalently closed DNA with these model substrates. These results support the hypothesis that cellular enzyme(s) may catalyze the late steps of retroviral DNA integration.
Homogeneity of Phytochrome Cph1 Vibronic Absorption Revealed by Resonance Raman Intensity Analysis (2009)

Phytochromes are an important class of red/far-red responsive photoreceptors that act as light-activated biological switches, ultimately driving growth and development in plants, bacteria, and fungi. The composition of the red-absorbing ground-state has been widely debated due to the presence of a shoulder feature on the blue edge of electronic absorption spectra, which many have attributed to the presence of multiple ground-state conformers. Here we use resonance Raman intensity analysis to calculate the vibronic absorption profile of cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1 and show that this shoulder feature is due simply to vibronic transitions from a single species, thus reflecting a homogeneous ground-state population.
Ground source heat pump control methods for solar photovoltaic-assisted domestic hot water heating (2021)

Domestic hot water (DHW) heating is one of the most energy-consuming activities in a typical household. Photovoltaics (PV) connected with a ground source heat pump (GSHP) offers a low-emission method for DHW heating. This paper studies four different control methods for DHW heating in a building with a GSHP and a PV system. The main control method aims to minimize DHW heating costs by utilizing Nord Pool Spot market information together with a PV production output forecast. The results of this control method, implemented with a perfect PV output forecast and assessed over three years of hourly data, indicate that annual cost savings over other methods are achievable. Results with the real-world actual PV output forecast, evaluated between June–September 2020, demonstrate DHW heating cost savings up to 36–53%, even though forecasting errors are present. The heating costs are 9–11% higher compared against the perfect forecast case. The suggested control method thereby effectively reduces the costs when compared with all other methods, and its performance is not significantly affected even when an actual imperfect forecast is implemented. The results also indicate that minimizing energy consumption does not offer the lowest cost.
Two-point matrix probability function for two-phase random media: Computer simulation results for impenetrable spheres (1985)

Computer simulation results are reported for the two-point matrix probability function S2 in two-phase random, homogeneous systems composed of completely impenetrable spheres. The results compare favorably with the earlier analytic predictions of S2 made by Torquato and Stell.
Short term oscillator frequency stability as a function of its phase noise distribution (2002)

The rapidly emerging market for microwave communication systems such as wireless applications, forces the use of many limited bandwidth channels. The undesired linkage problem between two adjacent channels is well known. One of the causes of the linkage problem is the frequency instability of the transmitter VCO. Characterization of the short term stability enables one to calculate statistically the system "error". This paper presents mathematical expressions to calculate the short term VCO stability, by its noise skirt. The VCO noise skirt is caused essentially by a random voltage, the phase noise. Using the expressions we present, one can estimate the linkage period time between two adjacent channels. These mathematical expressions are also used to calculate the frequency stability between two adjacent time periods of a periodic signal (e.g. FMCW).
Mouse Models of Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Raising the Bar (2005)

Lung cancer is a devastating disease that presents a challenge to basic research to provide new steps toward therapeutic advances. The cell-type-specific responses to oncogenic mutations that initiate and regulate lung cancer remain poorly defined. A better understanding of the relevant signaling pathways and mechanisms that control therapeutic outcome could also provide new insight. Improved conditional mouse models are now available as tools to improve the understanding of the cellular and molecular origins of adenocarcinoma. These models have already proven their utility in proof-of-principle experiments with new technologies including genomics and imaging. Integrated thinking to apply technological advances while using the appropriate mouse model is likely to facilitate discoveries that will significantly improve lung cancer detection and intervention.
Carbon Monoxide Sensor for Combustion Feedback Control (2006)

A sensor for carbon monoxide detection based on broadband absorption spectroscopy with a gas correlation filter is developed using a miniaturized light source and detector without the need of a mechanical chopper to alternate between two gas correlation cells into the optical path. Measurements were conducted using calibrated CO/N2 mixtures and sampled combustion products from a diffusion flame. The detection sensitivity was found to be 100 ppm for the measured range of 100 to 500 ppm. The sensor can be used to control individual burners in small scale combustion systems in order to maintain combustion efficiency and minimize pollutant emissions during their operation life cycle.
1H–13C HMBC NMR experiments as a structural and analytical tool for the characterization of elusive trans/cis hydroperoxide isomers from oxidized unsaturated fatty acids in solution (2019)

The radical-dependent oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids is a fundamental reaction in lipid chemistry, biochemistry, and technology. We report herein the first successful application of <sup>1</sup> H-<sup>13</sup> C HMBC NMR experiment for the identification and quantification of complex and minor (3.9% to 0.85%) components of cis and trans primary hydroperoxide isomers of oxidized oleate and linoleate methyl esters in solution, without the need of laborious isolation of the individual components.
Bioengineered Submucosal Organoids for In Vitro Modeling of Colorectal Cancer (2017)

The physical nature of the tumor microenvironment significantly impacts tumor growth, invasion, and response to drugs. Most in vitro tumor models are designed to study the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness on tumor cells, while not addressing the effects of ECM's specific topography. In this study, we bioengineered submucosal organoids, using primary smooth muscle cells embedded in collagen I hydrogel, which produce aligned and parallel fiber topography similar to those found in vivo. The fiber organization in the submucosal organoids induced an epithelial phenotype in spheroids of colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116), which were embedded within the organoids. Conversely, unorganized fibers drove a mesenchymal phenotype in the tumor cells. HCT-116 cells in organoids with aligned fibers showed no WNT signaling activation, and conversely, WNT signaling activation was observed in organoids with disrupted fibers. Consequently, HCT-116 cells in the aligned condition exhibited decreased cellular proliferation and reduced sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapeutic treatment compared to cells in the unorganized construct. Collectively, the results establish a unique colorectal tumor organoid model to study the effects of stromal topography on cancer cell phenotype, proliferation, and ultimately, chemotherapeutic susceptibility. In the future, such organoids can utilize patient-derived cells for precision medicine applications.
Preface (1993)

It was realized in the infancy of semiconductor science that impurities are the essential ingredient in these materials. The first usage of the term ‘impurities’ dates back to 1931 (Wilson, 1931):
Mechanical Circulatory Assistance: Current Status (1971)

Mechanical circulatory assistance (MCA) has been applied to support the circulation of patients in cardiogenic shock for over a decade. Initially, the standard cardiopulmonary bypass machine was employed, a device proved to be safe and effective for limited periods during open-heart surgery. The results were meager and discouraging.1 There was the legitimate question, however, whether delay in applying MCA had allowed the shock state to progress so far as to preclude survival with any therapy. Moreover, the short duration over which the circulation could be sustained by extracorporeal means did not test fully the hypothesis that the severely injured heart . . .
Chromate‐Mediated One‐Step Quantitative Transformation of PW12 into P2W20 Polyoxometalates (2012)

Abstract The addition of H 3 PW 12 O 40 to an aqueous solution of K 2 CrO 4 led to the hydrolysis of [PW 12 O 40 ] 3– with its quantitative conversion into K 13 [KP 2 W 20 O 72 ]. K 13 [KP 2 W 20 O 72 ] in these chromate‐containing solutions was characterized by 183 W and 31 P NMR, EXAFS, SAXS, and EPR spectroscopy.
Early imaging correlates of subsequent motor recovery after stroke (2009)

There is a pattern of brain activation present in the first few days after stroke, of which the postcentral gyrus and cingulate cortex are a part, that correlates with subsequent motor recovery. This result suggests that there are recovery processes engaged early after stroke that could provide a target for intervention.
Search of optimum gas mixture ratio as gas insulating medium by genetic algorithm (2004)

Genetic algorithm is applied to find the optimum gas mixture ratio as gas insulating medium substituting pure SF/sub 6/. Genetic algorithm is very useful to find the optimum solution from vast searching possibilities. Testing each gas mixture by experiment requires a long time. The present method is very efficient to preselect the candidates of gas mixtures before more thorough but time-consuming investigation via experiment is carried out. The gas mixture ratio is coded as a series of bits simulating a genetic sequence of a life form. Two-term Boltzmann equation is used to calculate the effective ionization coefficient of each gas mixture that is used to evaluate the degree of adaptation of each individual representing one set of mixture ratios. Two types of degree of adaptation are used to evaluate each individual, the effective ionization coefficient at the critical ratio of the electric field to the gas density of SF/sub 6/ of 359.3/spl times/10/sup 21/Vm/sup 2/, and the global warming potential. Based on the degree of adaptation, better individuals can be selected as parents of the next generation, leaving their genes to future generations. After some generations, the group of individuals converges into the optimum with the best degree of adaptation.
Framework development and reuse support (1995)

Although object-oriented programming techniques have evolved into an accepted technology with recognized benefits for software development, conventional text-based prxTxB-9dBj languages together with state-of-th-art brth-jj tools s m to b insufficient for a software nginr to cope with the complexity of class libr - s, especially application fr worly application frxx-r chniqus and visual prxx-rx s m apprjm-9d to par(qTd-9 ovr-@ th s shorq-9d@qxx of object-oriented prxTjT-9d@q Software development based on an application frx worn quir s lardxBBx-9j(Bxx-r v l
Supplementary Figure 4 from BAG3 Regulates Motility and Adhesion of Epithelial Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from BAG3 Regulates Motility and Adhesion of Epithelial Cancer Cells
DNA replication licensing factor MCM2, geminin, and Ki67 define proliferative state and are linked with survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma (2018)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still an unabated global killer with little advancement in its survival rate. DNA replication licensing proteins and Aurora kinase A are biomarkers that play important roles in genomic stability. The expression profile of minichromosomal maintenance protein 2 (MCM2), Ki67, geminin, and Aurora-A were linked to clinicopathological and outcome parameters, survival, and DNA content in 125 cases of OSCC. Oral fibroepithelial polyps (OFEP) were controls. The OSCC tumour cells were in a rapidly proliferating state, as assessed by the increased expression profile of MCM2, Ki67, geminin, and Aurora-A and of the geminin/Ki67 ratio, and the decrease of the MCM2/Ki67 ratio, in OSCC compared with OFEP (P < 0.000). There was an association between expression of MCM2, Ki67, and geminin and tumour histologic and invasive front grade (P < 0.05). A total of 82% of the OSCC assessed had aneuploid DNA content, which was associated with increased expression intensity of Aurora-A (P = 0.01). Geminin and the geminin/Ki67 ratio were associated with TNM staging (P < 0.05), and weak expression of MCM2, Ki67, geminin, and Aurora-A were predictive of OSCC survival (P < 0.05). Dysregulation of the origin licensing pathway and the mitotic pathway are important events in OSCC, and the combined analysis of these proteins may contribute to improved treatment decisions.
The danger of loose objects in the car (2011)

Every year, loose objects inside cars during crashes cause hundreds of serious injuries and even deaths. In this paper, we describe findings from a study of 25 cars and drivers, examining the objects present in the car cabin, the reasons for them being there, and driver awareness of the potential dangers of these objects. With an average of 4.3 potentially dangerous loose objects in a car's cabin, our findings suggest that despite being generally aware of potential risks, considerations of convenience, easy access, and lack of in-the-moment awareness lead people to continue to place objects in dangerous locations in cars. Our study highlights opportunities for addressing this problem by tracking and reminding people about loose objects in cars.
Load balancing with almost blank subframe control in heterogeneous cellular networks (2014)

In heterogeneous cellular networks, the network capacity can be significantly enhanced via user offloading between macro- and pico-tier. Due to the strong cross-tier interference from macrocells to picocells in co-channel deployment, the user offloading needs to be jointly optimized with macrocells' transmit power nulling, i.e., almost blank subframes (ABSs) in 3GPP LTE-A systems. In this paper, we discuss the network-wide utility maximization problem where the cell association and the number of ABSs are jointly optimized. Due to the NP-hardness of the formulated problem, an online heuristic algorithm is proposed where (i) user load is re-distributed based on users' expected data rate by handover for the current number of ABSs, and (ii) the current number of ABSs is changed (increased or decreased) by estimating the possible users to be offloaded based on users' expected data rate by handover and ABS change in a gradient descent manner. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm not only improves the average data rate of users, but also achieves better fairness among users.
Ab initiomolecular dynamics of expanded liquid sodium (1998)

The properties of liquid sodium have been studied using ab initio molecular dynamics over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. When expanded along the liquid-vapor coexistence curve, the dc conductivity and average number of nearest neighbors decrease, as has been observed for other alkali metals. There is a sharp drop in the dc conductivity when the density decreases from 0.31 to $0.16{\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3}.$ For densities at or below the latter value, the sodium vapor was observed to partially condense into a small fraction of the supercell simulation volume. This condensation was accompanied by aggregation of sodium atoms, but the lifetimes of these clusters are less than the vibrational period of the sodium dimer, indicating that they are short-lived transient associates, not molecular clusters in the traditional sense.
2005 Emil Thomas Kaiser Award (2006)

Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. The conformational stability of the collagen triple helix is enhanced by the hydroxyl group of its prevalent (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline residues. For 25 years, the prevailing paradigm had been that this enhanced stability is due to hydrogen bonds mediated by bridging water molecules. We tested this hypothesis with synthetic collagen triple helices containing 4-fluoroproline residues. The results have unveiled a wealth of stereoelectronic effects that contribute markedly to the stability of collagen, as well as other proteins. This new understanding is leading to synthetic collagens for a variety of applications in biotechnology and biomedicine.
Tumor Hypoxia Regulates Immune Escape/Invasion: Influence on Angiogenesis and Potential Impact of Hypoxic Biomarkers on Cancer Therapies (2021)

The environmental and metabolic pressures in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a key role in molding tumor development by impacting the stromal and immune cell fractions, TME composition and activation. Hypoxia triggers a cascade of events that promote tumor growth, enhance resistance to the anti-tumor immune response and instigate tumor angiogenesis. During growth, the developing angiogenesis is pathological and gives rise to a haphazardly shaped and leaky tumor vasculature with abnormal properties. Accordingly, aberrantly vascularized TME induces immunosuppression and maintains a continuous hypoxic state. Normalizing the tumor vasculature to restore its vascular integrity, should hence enhance tumor perfusion, relieving hypoxia, and reshaping anti-tumor immunity. Emerging vascular normalization strategies have a great potential in achieving a stable normalization, resulting in mature and functional blood vessels that alleviate tumor hypoxia. Biomarkers enabling the detection and monitoring of tumor hypoxia could be highly advantageous in aiding the translation of novel normalization strategies to clinical application, alone, or in combination with other treatment modalities, such as immunotherapy.