gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy evaluation of a novel submicron amphotericin B emulsion in murine candidiasis (1993)

A submicron amphotericin B (AmB) sterile emulsion with a mean droplet size of approximately 100 nm was prepared. The emulsion was stable at 4 degrees C over a period of 4 months. The acute toxicity results showed that the maximum tolerated dose of the AmB emulsion was 2.0 mg kg-1 as compared to 0.5 mg kg-1 for a commercial deoxycholate suspension, Fungizone. Efficacy evaluations of submicron AmB emulsion compared to Fungizone were performed in a murine candidiasis model using either a single or a multiple daily dose administration of 0.4 mg kg-1. Survival (100%) was observed up to 15-18 days post-infection in mice treated with AmB emulsion or Fungizone, while all control non-treated animals had died after 9 days in both single and multi-treatment experiments. Survival (50%) was obtained after 35 days in the single treatment, and 40 days in the multi-treatment, experiment with AmB emulsion, while treatment with Fungizone gave 50% survival after 15 and 20 days, respectively. The overall results indicate that in murine candidiasis, treatment with AmB submicron emulsion was more effective than Fungizone, suggesting a potential therapeutic application.
RESISTANCE AND AEROBIC EXERCISE MAINTAINS SKELETAL MUSCLE FUNCTION AND SIZE IN HUMANS DURING SIMULATED WEIGHTLESSNESS. (1998)

1521 Spaceflight and weightlessness decreases skeletal muscle function and lean muscle mass due to the lack of a weight-bearing stimulus. Our previous data utilizing a ground-based model of weightlessness, unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS), demonstrated significant decrements in human calf muscle function and size with as little as 12 days of ULLS. We hypothesized that periodic resistance and aerobic exercise performed during 17 days of ULLS would attenuate decreases in calf muscle strength and size. During 17 days of ULLS, seven male subjects performed lower leg resistance exercise with a torque velocity dynamometer on days 3, 8 and 12. Additionally, on days 4, 9 and 13 all subjects performed an incremental exercise bout up to 80% of peak VO2 on a bicycle ergometer. Calf muscle strength was tested throughout a range of seven test velocities (0 ° -300 °/s) before and after ULLS. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of the calf muscle group was measured before and after ULLS using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gastrocnemius and soleus muscle biopsies were obtained on four subjects pre- and post-ULLS for histochemical and metabolic enzyme analysis. Peak isometric and isokinetic strength was maintained across all test velocities following ULLS. Further, muscle fiber composition, fiber area, capaillary density and metabolic enzymes(citrate synthase, phosphorylase, β-hydroxy-acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase) remained unchanged. Finally, MRI revealed no significant difference in CSA of the calf muscle group following lower limb suspension. Thus, the resistance and aerobic testing protocols prevented the inactivity-induced decrements in calf muscle function and size following 17 days of ULLS.
Innate immune barrier to the engraftment of prenatally transplanted embryonic stem cell derived hematopoietic progenitors (2006)

Journal of the American College of Surgeons 203(3):p S53, September 2006. | DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2006.05.137
Plasma greatine kinase as an indicator of degenerative myopathy in live turkeys∗ (1980)

1. Diagnosis for degenerative myopathy of the Musculus supracoracoideus (DMS) in the live bird was attempted from plasma creatine kinase (CK) [EC 2.7.3.2] activities in 70 female turkeys. The blood of each bird was sampled 18 to 20 times over an age span of 16 to 79 weeks. 2. DMS incidence was 15.7%. 3. After CK values were logarithmically transformed and corrected for bleeding date, 82% of the affected birds had one CK value that deviated 3 or more standard deviations from the mean of other values for the same bird. The results indicate that plasma CK activities can be used to identify affected birds with a high degree of reliability.
Insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in detergent extracts of human placental membranes. Comparison to epidermal growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation. (1982)

Addition of insulin to Triton-solubilized extracts of human placental membranes selectively stimulates the incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP into an endogenous 95,000-dalton protein, which is identified as a component of the insulin receptor by immunoprecipitation. The insulin-stimulated increment in 32P is recovered largely in [32P]tyrosine after acid hydrolysis. E Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the phosphorylation of a 150,000-dalton protein in these detergent extracts. This reaction differs in several respects from the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton protein. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation exhibits an absolute requirement for Mn2+ as the sole divalent cation, whereas EGF-stimulated phosphorylation is supported by Mg2+ and Co2+ as well as Mn2+. In the presence of Mn2+, insulin-stimulated phosphorylation is not detected at less than 50 microM ATP, whereas EGF-stimulated phosphorylation is well expressed at 5 microM ATP. Thus, in detergent-solubilized membrane extracts, insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of its own receptor on tyrosine residues. This reaction has enzymatic properties distinct from those of the EGF-stimulated phosphorylation in these same extracts. The role of this insulin-stimulated phosphorylation reaction in the initiation of insulin's many biologic actions merits further study.
Amplifying (Im)perfection: The Impact of Crystallinity in Discrete and Disperse Block Co-oligomers (2017)

Crystallinity is seldomly utilized as part of the microphase segregation process in ultralow-molecular-weight block copolymers. Here, we show the preparation of two types of discrete, semicrystalline block co-oligomers, comprising an amorphous oligodimethylsiloxane block and a crystalline oligo-l-lactic acid or oligomethylene block. The self-assembly of these discrete materials results in lamellar structures with unforeseen uniformity in the domain spacing. A systematic introduction of dispersity reveals the extreme sensitivity of the microphase segregation process toward chain length dispersity in the crystalline block.
Supplementary Tables and Figures from Targeting Three Distinct HER2 Domains with a Recombinant Antibody Mixture Overcomes Trastuzumab Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables and Figures. Table S1 contains affinities for antibodies binding to HER2. Table S2 contains results from epitope bin analysis of the antibodies. Figure S1 shows a comparison of Perjeta and the pertuzumab analogue used in this paper. Figure S2 shows sensograms for the anti-HER2 antibodies. Figure S3 contains dose-response curves for anti-HER2 lead mixtures in the cell lines BT474, SK-BR3, HCC202 and NCI-N87. Figure S4 shows immunoblot data on the levels of HER2, pHER2, EGFR, pEGFR, HER3 and pHER3 in the eight cell lines OE19, N87, MCF7, MDA-MB-175, BT474, HCC202 SK-BR3 and ZE-75-30. Figure S5 shows activity of anti-HER2 mAbs and mixtures in ADCC and CDC assays. Figure S6 demonstrates synergy of the tripartite mixture in OE19 cell line. Figure S7 shows quantification of HER2 and pHER2 levels in OE19 and HCC202 cell lines upon treatment with anti-HER2 mAbs and mixtures. Figure S8 shows activity of tripartite mixtures of trastuzumab, pertuzumab and lead anti-HER2 antibodies in a cell viability assay&lt;/p&gt;
Identification of the small molecule compound which induces hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (2015)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are expected to have utility as a cell source in regenerative medicine. Because we previously reported that suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signal enhances hepatic differentiation of human MSCs, we synthesized twenty-three derivatives of small molecule compounds originally reported to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signal in human colorectal cancer cells. We then screened these compounds for their ability to induce hepatic differentiation of human UE7T-13 MSCs. After screening using WST assay, TCF reporter assay, and albumin mRNA expression, IC-2, a derivative of ICG-001, was identified as a potent inducer of hepatic differentiation of human MSCs. IC-2 potently induced the expression of albumin, complement C3, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), EpCAM, C/EBPα, glycogen storage, and urea production. Furthermore, we examined the effects of IC-2 on human bone marrow mononuclear cell fractions sorted according to CD90 and CD271 expression. Consequently, CD90<sup>+</sup> CD271<sup>+</sup> cells were found to induce the highest production of urea and glycogen, important hepatocyte functions, in response to IC-2 treatment. CD90<sup>+</sup> CD271<sup>+</sup> cells also highly expressed albumin mRNA. As the CD90<sup>+</sup> CD271<sup>+</sup> population has been reported to contain a rich fraction of MSCs, IC-2 apparently represents a potent inducer of hepatic differentiation of human MSCs.
Schematic presentation of the workflow of the second SPIDIA-RNA EQA. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Blood was drawn from two donors (D1, D2) into separate EDTA containing bags. EST = Evacuated Secondary Tube, that does not contain any chemical formulation. T&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; = Blood processed without storage, immediately after blood collection. day 1, day 2 = Time period between blood collection and RNA preparation.&lt;/p&gt;
Pitkäaikainen viljelykiertokoe tuo arvokasta tietoa (2011)

Helsingin Viikkiin on perustettu pitkäaikainen viljelykiertoja tutkiva koesarja Helsingin yliopiston maatalous-metsätieteellisen tiedekunnan laitosten ja Viikin opetus- ja tutkimustilan yhteistyönä. Kokeet on ristitty Hyvän Sadon viljelykokeeksi.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Product Biosynthesis: A New Interface Between Enzymology and Medicine (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stability Improvement in Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Devices via a New Robust Hole Transport Layer (2022)

Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(4,4′-(N-(4-butylphenyl))-diphenylamine)] (TFB) is commonly used as the organic hole transport layer (HTL) in high-efficiency Cd-based quantum-dot light-emitting devices (QDLEDs). Despite its good hole transport performance, limitations with its cross-linking properties often result in susceptibility to solvent damage when coating subsequent layers. Here, we investigate the use of a robust thermally cross-linked polymer, 9,9-bis[4-[(4-ethenylphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]-N2,N7-di-1-naphthalenyl-N2,N7-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (VB-FNPD), as an HTL for QDLEDs. The results show that using VB-FNPD instead of TFB can double the electroluminescence half-life (LT50) of the devices, leading to an LT50 of 10,100 h versus only 4900 h for the TFB device at an initial luminance (L0) of 1000 cd m–2. Atomic force microscopy surface scans show that VB-FNPD HTLs have smoother and more uniform morphologies when compared to TFB, which may help improve the quality of the HTL/QD interface and QD film uniformity, both of which are important for long-lived QDLEDs. Steady-state photoluminescence studies on hole-only devices suggest that VB-FNPD is also more stable under hole current flow. Further investigations using capacitance versus voltage on the devices show that replacing TFB by VB-FNPD reduces charge accumulation in the devices, which is likely another factor in the stability improvement.
Improvement of on/off ratio in single-shot multichannel demultiplexing by using an optical Kerr gate of a squarylium dye J aggregate film (2002)

We demonstrated ultrafast single-shot multichannel demultiplexing by using a squarylium dye J aggregate film as an optical Kerr medium. High efficiency and fast recovery of the optical Kerr responses were achieved when a signal-pulse wavelength was close to the absorption peak of the J aggregate film with off-resonant excitation. The on/off ratio in demultiplexing of 1 Tb/s signals was improved to be approximately 5. By introducing time delay to both horizontal and vertical directions, we succeeded in directly observing the conversion of 1 Tb/s serial signals into two-dimensionally arranged parallel signals.
The Dopamine D3 Receptor: A Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders (2006)

The role of the D(3) receptor has remained largely elusive before the development of selective research tools, such as selective radioligands, antibodies, various highly specific pharmacological agents and knock-out mice. The data collected so far with these tools have removed some of the uncertainties regarding the functions mediated by the D(3) receptor. The D(3) receptor is an autoreceptor that controls the phasic, but not tonic activity of dopamine neurons. The D(3) receptor, via regulation of its expression by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), mediates sensitization to dopamine indirect agonists. This process seems responsible for side-effects of levodopa (dyskinesia) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as for some aspects of conditioning to drugs of abuse. The D(3) receptor mediates behavioral abnormalities elicited by glutamate/NMDA receptor blockade, which suggests D(3) receptor-selective antagonists as novel antipsychotic drugs. These data allow us to propose novel treatment options in PD, schizophrenia and drug addiction, which are awaiting evaluation in clinical trials.
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Microelectronic Materials (2021)

Atomic layer control of microelectronic processing is required as critical dimensions are reduced below the 10 nm scale. Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) has developed over the last 5 years to meet etching challenges. This paper will define thermal ALE in terms of sequential, self-limiting surface reactions. Thermal ALE can be viewed as the reverse of atomic layer deposition (ALD). Various microelectronic materials will be used to demonstrate thermal ALE including Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , Si, and Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> .
Der Einfluß der Prothesenschaftbeschichtung auf die postoperativen Beanspruchungsverhältnisse des Femur. The Effect of the Stem Coating on the Postoperative Stress State of the Femur (1998)

Stems and cups for total hip replacement (THR) must be coated with hydroxyapatite (HA), which enhances the osseo-integration of the implant. The aim of the present report was to investigate the basic influence of coating on the biomechanical situation, for example, the mechanical stress in the femur and at the femur-implant interface. Using the finite element method, three types of stems for THR were investigated: non-coated, completely HA-coated, and proximally HA-coated. All three stems were of the same design, and had identical material properties. In addition, all other conditions were identical. The results show that, in terms of the nature of the coating, the HA-coated stem is biomechanical superior to the non-coated stem, and the proximally coated stem is superior to the completely coated stem.
New operational support system for high nitrogen removal in oxidation ditch process (1998)

A new operational support system for the oxidation ditch process has been developed. It calculates the operational index from the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the ditch and the operator decides the aeration conditions to keep the index within the target range. Simulation and experimental results have led to creation of an operational index with an optimum value for every type of aeration. For example, the ratio of aerobic to anaerobic zone length (L AER /L ANA ratio) is for the 1-point continuous aeration process, the ratio of aerobic to anaerobic duration time (T AER /T ANA ratio) is for the 2-point intermittent aeration process and so on. Their optimum values are all 1, suggesting that the ratio of denitrification to nitrification rates is around 1 under typical conditions of the general oxidation ditch process. These indexes are very practical because they can be obtained without complex calculation.
Questionnaire survey on maternal pertussis vaccination for pregnant women and mothers in Nara prefecture, Japan (2019)

<b>Background</b>: Infantile pertussis is a major concern and causes a significant health burden worldwide. Maternal adult tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination is very effective way of preventing infantile pertussis. However, Tdap has not been approved by the Japanese government or been included in Japan's national immunization program (NIP). We carried out a questionnaire survey to investigate whether Japanese women would accept the Tdap vaccination if they were provided with appropriate information.<b>Methods</b>: The questionnaire survey was administered to pregnant women who visited the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department and mothers who visited the Pediatrics Department of Nara Medical University, Kashihara City, Japan, between October 2018 and May 2019. The questionnaire included information about pertussis infection and maternal vaccination, followed by seven questions.<b>Results</b>: A total of 943 participants answered the questionnaire (481 pregnant women and 462 mothers). Before reading the information, just 4.6% of participants knew that infantile pertussis can be prevented by maternal vaccination. After reading the information, 93.0% and 92.6% of participants thought that the maternal Tdap vaccine should be approved by the Japanese government and be included in the NIP, respectively. Although only 67.6% of participants wished to have the maternal Tdap vaccine without government financial support after reading the information, 92.5% said they would have the vaccine with government support (<i>P</i> < .001).<b>Conclusion</b>: Most Japanese mothers and pregnant women would like the maternal Tdap vaccine to be approved by the government and included in the NIP, once they have been provided with appropriate information.
Intranephron PGE2 production in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (1990)

To investigate whether intranephron prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) differs from that in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), we measured PGE2 accumulation rates in microdissected nephron segments from 4- to 6- and 12- to 14-wk-old male rats by radioimmunoassay. In both young and adult WKY, PGE2 accumulation was highest in the papillary collecting duct (PCD) and outer medullary and cortical collecting tubules, intermediate in the glomerulus (Glm), medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop, and distal tubule, and negligible in the proximal tubule. PGE2 accumulation in adult WKY was severalfold higher than that in young WKY. PGE2 accumulation in adult and prehypertensive young SHRSP was significantly lower than that of respective WKY in most segments, whereas urinary PGE2 excretion was significantly higher in SHRSP than in age-matched WKY. Plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations in adult SHRSP were significantly higher than in WKY. PGE2 accumulation stimulated by 5 microM arachidonic acid was significantly lower in SHRSP than in WKY in most segments of young rats but was lower only in Glm and PCD of adult rats. PGE2 accumulation stimulated by 2 microM Ca2+ ionophore A23187 was significantly lower in most segments of adult and young SHRSP. These results indicate that a decrease in renal tubular PGE2 productive activities in SHRSP might not be caused by secondary adaptation to hypertension.
Stemmed revision arthroplasty for aseptic loosening of total knee replacement (1985)

Fifty-three failed knee replacements were revised using minimally constrained implants with smooth uncemented intramedullary stems and metal-backed tibial components. Polymethylmethacrylate was used only to replace lost bone near the surface of the implant. Excluding four knees which had serious postoperative complications, 91% had successful relief of pain, 84% had over 90 degrees of movement and 80% could walk for more than 30 minutes. Review of the radiographs showed that there were no progressive lucencies at the interface between bone and cement, and no subsidence of components or changes in alignment. At the uncemented stem-to-bone interface, thin white lines developed near the metal, and their significance is discussed. This revision technique is an effective treatment for aseptic failure of primary total knee arthroplasty.
Prevalence of Extracranial venous Narrowing on Magnetic Resonance Venography is Similar in People with Multiple Sclerosis, Their Siblings, and Unrelated Healthy Controls: A Blinded, Case-Control Study (2016)

There is a high prevalence of narrowing of the major extracranial veins on MRV in all 3 study groups, with no significant difference between them. These findings do not support the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency theory. Although MRV has shown a high sensitivity for identifying venous narrowing, time-of-flight imaging demonstrates poor interobserver agreement and poor specificity when compared with the gold standard CV.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of arterial catheter insertion on robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. (2023)

The use of arterial lines in patients undergoing RALP is not necessarily guideline-driven and does not decrease the rate of perioperative complications. However, it is associated with longer length of stay and increases variability in charge. These data show that the surgical team and anesthesia team should critically evaluate the need for arterial line placement in patients undergoing RALP.
Rural vs. urban disparities in association with lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia in ageing men, NHANES 2001-2008 (2015)

Rural/urban status was not associated with significantly increased adjusted odds of either recognised or unrecognised LUTS/BPH.
35OV/150A AlGaNIGaN power HFET on silicon substrate with source-via grounding (SVG) structure (2005)

We present a high power AlGaN/GaN HFET fabricated on a conductive Si substrate with a source-via grounding (SVG) structure. The device has a very low specific on-state resistance of 1.9 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ and a high off-state breakdown voltage of 350 V, and a current handling capability of 150 A. In addition, a sub-nano second switching t/sub r/ of 98 psec and t/sub f/ of 96 psec, with a current density as high as 2.0 kA/cm/sup 2/ is demonstrated for the first time.
Preventing allograft rejection with CTLA4IG: effect of donor-specific transfusion route or timing. (1996)

Almost universal engraftment can be induced with a combination of intravenous donor-specific transfusion at transplantation plus inhibition of CD28 activation by CTLA4Ig 48 hours after transplantation-a regimen which could have clinical application.