gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Familial study of prostate cancer in Jamaica (1998)

Familial aggregation of prostate cancer is clearly evident in black Jamaican men. A man with one first degree relative with prostate cancer is twice as likely as the general population to develop prostate cancer. In addition, there may be a statistical difference in the risk of developing prostate cancer if an individual has one second degree relative affected.
Comparative Study of Winding Configurations of a Five-Phase Flux-Switching PM Machine (2019)

This paper introduces a general method for determination of the most suitable winding configurations for five-phase flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) machines, associated with feasible stator/rotor-pole combinations. Consequently, the effect of winding configurations on the performance of a five-phase outer-rotor FSPM machine is thoroughly investigated, including non-overlapping concentrated windings (single-layer, double-layer, and multi-layer) as well as distributed winding. The electromagnetic characteristics in the low-speed region, the flux-weakening capability in the high-speed region, and the fault-tolerant capability under faulty situations are evaluated and compared in detail. This work shows that compared with the conventional single-layer or double-layer concentrated windings, the FSPM machine with multi-layer type winding exhibits lower torque ripple and losses. Meanwhile, the motor with distributed windings possesses higher torque density and larger inductance. Finally, a prototype is manufactured, and the analysis results are validated by experiments.
Distributed Reinforcement Learning for Real-Time Batteries Control Using Lagrangian Decomposition (2022)

This paper presents an efficient distributed real-time control scheme for a set of batteries in power grids to follow a day-ahead dispatch plan. The problem of controlling the batteries is cast as a multistep optimization problem aiming to minimize the error in dispatch following while satisfying lookahead constraints of the individual batteries. To achieve a computationally efficient solution, Lagrangian decomposition is used to distribute the task into subproblems pertaining to each battery. Finally, each subproblem is reformulated as a Markov Decision Process and solved with the fitted Q-iteration. Communication among subproblems is achieved via the common Lagrange multiplier value. Simulation results demonstrate that this approach has a similar cost performance to the state-of-the-art model predictive control solution, while achieving better performance in terms of computation time.
IMPROVED SPECIFICITY OF POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY DIAGNOSIS USING A MODIFIED EVEREST CRITERIA (2015)

The EVEREST criteria have a higher specificity for the diagnosis of PCV than subretinal focal hyperfluorescence alone and may be applied to flash fundus camera-based indocyanine green angiography in a clinical setting. Stereo nodular appearance is the most important additional criterion.
Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 14 Activates Zymogens of Membrane Type Matrix Metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs)—A CleavEx Based Analysis (2020)

Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secretory proteinases known to proteolytically process components of the extracellular matrix, modulating the pericellular environment in physiology and in pathologies. The interconnection between these families remains elusive. To assess the cross-activation of these families, we developed a peptide, fusion protein-based exposition system (<b>Cleav</b>age of <b>ex</b>posed amino acid sequences, CleavEx) aiming at investigating the potential of KLK14 to recognize and hydrolyze proMMP sequences. Initial assessment identified ten MMP activation domain sequences which were validated by Edman degradation. The analysis revealed that membrane-type MMPs (MT-MMPs) are targeted by KLK14 for activation. Correspondingly, proMMP14-17 were investigated in vitro and found to be effectively processed by KLK14. Again, the expected neo-N-termini of the activated MT-MMPs was confirmed by Edman degradation. The effectiveness of proMMP activation was analyzed by gelatin zymography, confirming the release of fully active, mature MT-MMPs upon KLK14 treatment. Lastly, MMP14 was shown to be processed on the cell surface by KLK14 using murine fibroblasts overexpressing human MMP14. Herein, we propose KLK14-mediated selective activation of cell-membrane located MT-MMPs as an additional layer of their regulation. As both, KLKs and MT-MMPs, are implicated in cancer, their cross-activation may constitute an important factor in tumor progression and metastasis.
A Frequency Dictionary of Russian (2014)

A Frequency Dictionary of Russian is an invaluable tool for all learners of Russian, providing a list of the 5,000 most frequently used words in the language and the 300 most frequent multiword constructions. The dictionary is based on data from a 150-million-word internet corpus taken from more than 75,000 webpages and covering a range of text types from news and journalistic articles, research papers, administrative texts and fiction. All entries in the rank frequency list feature the English equivalent, a sample sentence with English translation, a part of speech indication, indication of stress for polysyllabic words and information on inflection for irregular forms. The dictionary also contains twenty-six thematically organised and frequency-ranked lists of words on a variety of topics, such as food and drink, travel, and sports and leisure. A Frequency Dictionary of Russian enables students of all levels to get the most out of their study of vocabulary in an engaging and efficient way. It is also a rich resource for language teaching, research, curriculum design, and materials development. A CD version is available to purchase separately. Designed for use by corpus and computational linguists it provides the full text in a format that researchers can process and turn into suitable lists for their own research purposes.
Laser fibers designed for single polarization output (2004)

Single mode, single-polarization output is demonstrated in a large mode area (LMA) fiber laser. Both mode filtering and polarization filtering are demonstrated by simply coiling multimode Polarization Maintaining Fibers (PMFs). The polarization extinction ratio is improved by increasing the birefringence of the fiber. The design is scaleable for all-fiber high power lasers.
Neural retina-specific Aldh1a1 controls dorsal choroidal vascular development via Sox9 expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells (2018)

VEGF secreted from retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is responsible for the choroidal vascular development; however, the molecular regulatory mechanism is unclear. We found that <i>Aldh1a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice showed choroidal hypoplasia with insufficient vascularization in the dorsal region, although Aldh1a1, an enzyme that synthesizes retinoic acids (RAs), is expressed in the dorsal neural retina, not in the RPE/choroid complex. The level of VEGF in the RPE/choroid was significantly decreased in <i>Aldh1a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, and RA-dependent enhancement of VEGF was observed in primary RPE cells. An RA-deficient diet resulted in dorsal choroidal hypoplasia, and simple RA treatment of <i>Aldh1a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> pregnant females suppressed choroid hypoplasia in their offspring. We also found downregulation of Sox9 in the dorsal neural retina and RPE of <i>Aldh1a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice and RPE-specific disruption of Sox9 phenocopied <i>Aldh1a1</i><sup>-/-</sup> choroidal development. These results suggest that RAs produced by Aldh1a1 in the neural retina directs dorsal choroidal vascular development via Sox9 upregulation in the dorsal RPE cells to enhance RPE-derived VEGF secretion.
APIR-Net: Autocalibrated Parallel Imaging Reconstruction using a Neural Network (2019)

Deep learning has been successfully demonstrated in MRI reconstruction of accelerated acquisitions. However, its dependence on representative training data limits the application across different contrasts, anatomies, or image sizes. To address this limitation, we propose an unsupervised, auto-calibrated k-space completion method, based on a uniquely designed neural network that reconstructs the full k-space from an undersampled k-space, exploiting the redundancy among the multiple channels in the receive coil in a parallel imaging acquisition. To achieve this, contrary to common convolutional network approaches, the proposed network has a decreasing number of feature maps of constant size. In contrast to conventional parallel imaging methods such as GRAPPA that estimate the prediction kernel from the fully sampled autocalibration signals in a linear way, our method is able to learn nonlinear relations between sampled and unsampled positions in k-space. The proposed method was compared to the start-of-the-art ESPIRiT and RAKI methods in terms of noise amplification and visual image quality in both phantom and in-vivo experiments. The experiments indicate that APIR-Net provides a promising alternative to the conventional parallel imaging methods, and results in improved image quality especially for low SNR acquisitions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from NVP-BEZ235, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, Prevents PI3K Signaling and Inhibits the Growth of Cancer Cells with Activating PI3K Mutations (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from NVP-BEZ235, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, Prevents PI3K Signaling and Inhibits the Growth of Cancer Cells with Activating PI3K Mutations
Analysis and Design of Small-Signal Polar Transmitters for Cellular Applications (2011)

In cellular applications, open-loop small-signal polar transmitters offer several advantages such as low power consumption and small silicon area. However, due to their complexity, circuit imperfections can severely affect performance, potentially rendering them impractical to meet the challenging cellular transmitter requirements. In this paper a detailed analysis of the direct-modulated and small-signal polar transmitters for GSM/EDGE/WCMA applications are provided followed by some case studies. Several key non-idealities will be discussed and circuit level as well as architectural remedies for each will be presented. A prototype EDGE transmitter fabricated in 65 nm CMOS with an 8PSK ±400 kHz modulation spectrum of -64/63 dBc for high/low bands, and an RMS EVM of 2.5/2.0% will be discussed.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 7/09 (2009)

Abstract The cover image depicts the co‐staining of DC‐SIGN and EEA‐1 in dendritic cells and shows the co‐localization of the endocytosed ligand with markers of the early endosomal compartments. The image was taken from the article by Cambi et al. (pp. 1923–1929), in which the authors analyze the role of the C‐type lectin DC‐SIGN in viral entry. The authors show that DC‐SIGN is involved in clathrin‐dependent HIV‐1 internalization by dendritic cells.
Thermodynamically Favored Aldol Reaction of Propargyl or Allenyl Esters: Regioselective Synthesis of Carbinol Allenoates (2007)

Retroaldol regains control: A countercation may exert an important effect in promoting thermodynamic control in the TBAF-mediated aldol reaction of propargyl or allenyl esters (or a mixture of both) to produce, under mild conditions, carbinol allenoates exclusively (see scheme; TBAF=tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride).
Supplementary Results, Methods, Table 1, Figures 1-4 from A Placental Growth Factor Variant Unable to Recognize Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor-1 Inhibits VEGF-Dependent Tumor Angiogenesis via Heterodimerization (2023)

Supplementary Results, Methods, Table 1, Figures 1-4 from A Placental Growth Factor Variant Unable to Recognize Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor-1 Inhibits VEGF-Dependent Tumor Angiogenesis via Heterodimerization
Bottlebrush Elastomers: A New Platform for Freestanding Electroactuation (2019)

Freestanding, single-component dielectric actuators are designed based on bottlebrush elastomers that enable giant reversible strokes at relatively low electric fields and altogether avoid preactuation mechanical manipulation. This materials design platform allows for independent tuning of actuator rigidity and elasticity over broad ranges without changing chemical composition, which opens new opportunities in soft-matter robotics.
MTT-S Technical Committee 26 Report [MTT-S Society News] (2022)

Presents the MTT-S Technical Committee 26 Report.
Intravenous Amisulpride for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (2016)

One of the two trials demonstrated superiority, while pooling both in a post hoc change to the plan of analysis supported the hypothesis that amisulpride was safe and superior to placebo in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in a population of adult inpatients at moderate to high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
A meta-analysis of the performance of the PimaTM CD4 for point of care testing (2015)

The Pima CD4 may be recommended using venous-derived specimens for screening (100 cells/μl) for reflex CrAg screening and for HIV ART eligibility at 350 cells/μl and 500 cells/μl thresholds using both capillary and venous derived specimens. These meta-analysis findings add to the knowledge of acceptance criteria of the Pima CD4 and future POC tests, but implementation and impact will require full costing analysis.
MCPIP mediates preconditioning protection against ischemia (2016)

Inflammatory response represents one of the first immune processes following injury. However, evidence indicates that inflammatory response can also induce cellular protection associated in with preconditioning, a phenomenon in which brief episodes of a sublethal insult induce robust protection against subsequent lethal injuries. The elucidation of mechanisms that allow inflammatory response to confer cellular protection is critical to developing new therapeutic strategies against acute ischemic insults. In the present review, we will give a short overview on a novel zinc-finger protein, MCPIP (also known as Zc3h12a or Regnase-1), which may function as a master integrator of endogenous cellular protection exerted by preconditioning.
In vitro immunotherapy potency assays using real-time cell analysis (2018)

A growing understanding of the molecular interactions between immune effector cells and target tumor cells, coupled with refined gene therapy approaches, are giving rise to novel cancer immunotherapeutics with remarkable efficacy in the clinic against both solid and liquid tumors. While immunotherapy holds tremendous promise for treatment of certain cancers, significant challenges remain in the clinical translation to many other types of cancers and also in minimizing adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for functional potency assays, in vitro and in vivo, that could model the complex interaction of immune cells with tumor cells and can be used to rapidly test the efficacy of different immunotherapy approaches, whether it is small molecule, biologics, cell therapies or combinations thereof. Herein we report the development of an xCELLigence real-time cytolytic in vitro potency assay that uses cellular impedance to continuously monitor the viability of target tumor cells while they are being subjected to different types of treatments. Specialized microtiter plates containing integrated gold microelectrodes enable the number, size, and surface attachment strength of adherent target tumor cells to be selectively monitored within a heterogeneous mixture that includes effector cells, antibodies, small molecules, etc. Through surface-tethering approach, the killing of liquid cancers can also be monitored. Using NK92 effector cells as example, results from RTCA potency assay are very well correlated with end point data from image-based assays as well as flow cytometry. Several effector cells, i.e., PBMC, NK, CAR-T were tested and validated as well as biological molecules such as Bi-specific T cell Engagers (BiTEs) targeting the EpCAM protein expressed on tumor cells and blocking antibodies against the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1. Using the specifically designed xCELLigence immunotherapy software, quantitative parameters such as KT50 (the amount of time it takes to kill 50% of the target tumor cells) and % cytolysis are calculated and used for comparing the relative efficacy of different reagents. In summary, our results demonstrate the xCELLigence platform to be well suited for potency assays, providing quantitative assessment with high reproducibility and a greatly simplified work flow.
MicroRNA Mediated Cardioprotection – Is There a Path to Clinical Translation? (2020)

In the past 20 years, there have been several approaches to achieve cardioprotection or cardiac regeneration using a vast variety of cell therapies and remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC). To date, substantial proof that either cell therapy or RIPC has the potential for clinically relevant cardiac repair or regeneration of cardiac tissue is still pending. Preclinical trials indicate that the secretome of cells <i>in situ</i> (during RIPC) as well as of transplanted cells may exhibit cardioprotective properties in the acute setting of cardiac injury. The secretome generally consists of cell-specific cytokines and extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNAs (miRNAs). It is currently hypothesized that a subset of known miRNAs play a crucial part in the facilitation of cardioprotective effects. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that inhibit post-transcriptional translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and play an important role in gene translation regulation. It is also known that one miRNAs usually targets multiple mRNAs. This makes predictability of pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action very difficult and could in part explain the inferior performance of various progenitor cells in clinical studies. Identification of miRNAs involved in cardioprotection and remodeling, the composition of miRNA profiles, and the exact mechanism of action are important to the design of future cell-based but also cell-free cardioprotective therapeutics. This review will give a description of miRNA with cardioprotective properties and a current overview on known mechanism of action and potential missing links. Additionally, we will give an outlook on the potential for clinical translation of miRNAs in the setting of myocardial infarction and heart failure.
Dynamic Pooling for Complex Event Recognition (2013)

The problem of adaptively selecting pooling regions for the classification of complex video events is considered. Complex events are defined as events composed of several characteristic behaviors, whose temporal configuration can change from sequence to sequence. A dynamic pooling operator is defined so as to enable a unified solution to the problems of event specific video segmentation, temporal structure modeling, and event detection. Video is decomposed into segments, and the segments most informative for detecting a given event are identified, so as to dynamically determine the pooling operator most suited for each sequence. This dynamic pooling is implemented by treating the locations of characteristic segments as hidden information, which is inferred, on a sequence-by-sequence basis, via a large-margin classification rule with latent variables. Although the feasible set of segment selections is combinatorial, it is shown that a globally optimal solution to the inference problem can be obtained efficiently, through the solution of a series of linear programs. Besides the coarse-level location of segments, a finer model of video structure is implemented by jointly pooling features of segment-tuples. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the resulting event detector has state-of-the-art performance on challenging video datasets.
Small-astigmatism, low-noise and high-power self-sustained pulsation MQW laser diodes with a real refractive index guided self-aligned structure (2002)

We demonstrate for the first time low-noise (RIN<-130 dB/Hz) and high-power (>150 mW) self-sustained pulsation GaAlAs MQW laser diodes with small-astigmatism (<1 /spl mu/m) by using a real refractive index guided self-aligned structure with a single-quantum-well saturable absorber in the waveguide.
PET imaging to non-invasively study immune activation leading to antitumor responses with a 4-1BB agonistic antibody (2013)

Increased uptake of [(18) F]FDG by PET scans visualizes 4-1BB agonistic antibody-induced antitumor immune responses and can be used as a pharmacodynamic readout to guide the development of this class of antibodies in the clinic.
Proximal Humerus Fracture Sequelae (2006)

Prognostic study, level IV (case series). See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
End-to-end frame-rate adaptive streaming of video data (2003)

We propose a best-effort video delivery scheme that can be deployed on networks in use today, including Ethernet LANs or the Internet. This scheme detects congestion by measuring the buffer occupancy and loss rate and estimates available channel bandwidth by measuring the incoming data rate at the client receiver. The frame request rate is adjusted accordingly when congestion is detected. No extra support (such as priority control or resource reservation) is required from the underlying network. The scheme is designed for the delivery of MPEG-1/MPEG-2 video streams. Various experimental settings have demonstrated the effectiveness of this scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF ELLIPTICINE AND 11‐DEMETHYLELLIPTICINE (1975)

Abstract Indolylmagnesiumbromid und 3‐(1‐Chloräthyl)‐pyridin reagieren zum Indol (Ia), dessen N‐Acetylderivat (Ib) durch Umsetzung mit O‐Mesitylsulfonylhydroxylamin, Essigsäureanhydrid und anschließend mit Methyljodid in das Pyridiniumjodid (II) ‐übergeführt wird.
Swift.org, the Open Source Project (2017)

This chapter discusses the release of Apple Inc.'s version 2.2 of the Swift programming language open source software by creating Swift.org and contributing a key set of source code repositories covering the compilers, debuggers, libraries, and more. The chapter covers what is included on the site as well as some pointers about how to get involved in this exciting community. The Swift.org open source community is an active group composed of representatives from many high-tech companies, as well as passionate individuals committed to the transparent development of the language and its supporting libraries and tools. The swiftenv tool allows developers to set a global version of Swift to use as the default on their system. This default language release level can be overridden by changing an environment variable, as well as con?gured speci?cally for each project implemented using Swift. The Swift language packages are built and tested against the Ubuntu 14.04 and 15.10 (64-bit) Linux distributions. There are installation instructions on the Swift.org website for how to set up a downloaded version of Swift binaries to be used by Xcode instead of the default version that ships with Xcode.