gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Double-Layer Multi-Resolution Classification Model for Decoding Spatiotemporal Patterns of Spikes With Small Sample Size (2021)

We build a double-layer, multiple temporal-resolution classification model for decoding single-trial spatiotemporal patterns of spikes. The model takes spiking activities as input signals and binary behavioral or cognitive variables as output signals and represents the input-output mapping with a double-layer ensemble classifier. In the first layer, to solve the underdetermined problem caused by the small sample size and the very high dimensionality of input signals, B-spline functional expansion and L1-regularized logistic classifiers are used to reduce dimensionality and yield sparse model estimations. A wide range of temporal resolutions of neural features is included by using a large number of classifiers with different numbers of B-spline knots. Each classifier serves as a base learner to classify spatiotemporal patterns into the probability of the output label with a single temporal resolution. A bootstrap aggregating strategy is used to reduce the estimation variances of these classifiers. In the second layer, another L1-regularized logistic classifier takes outputs of first-layer classifiers as inputs to generate the final output predictions. This classifier serves as a meta-learner that fuses multiple temporal resolutions to classify spatiotemporal patterns of spikes into binary output labels. We test this decoding model with both synthetic and experimental data recorded from rats and human subjects performing memory-dependent behavioral tasks. Results show that this method can effectively avoid overfitting and yield accurate prediction of output labels with small sample size. The double-layer, multi-resolution classifier consistently outperforms the best single-layer, single-resolution classifier by extracting and utilizing multi-resolution spatiotemporal features of spike patterns in the classification.
The dermatophyte species Arthroderma benhamiae: intraspecies variability and mating behaviour (2012)

Arthroderma benhamiae is a zoophilic dermatophyte belonging to the Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex. Here, a population of A. benhamiae wild strains from the same geographical area (Switzerland) was studied by comparing their morphology, assessing their molecular variability using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rRNA gene sequencing, and evaluating their interfertility. Sequencing of the ITS region and of part of the 28S rRNA gene revealed the existence of two infraspecific groups with markedly different colony phenotypes: white (group I) and yellow (group II), respectively. For all strains, the results of mating type identification by PCR, using HMG (high-mobility group) and α-box genes in the mating type locus as targets, were in total accordance with the results of mating type identification by strain confrontation experiments. White-phenotype strains were of mating type + (mt+) or mating type - (mt-), whilst yellow-phenotype strains were all mt-. White and yellow strains were found to produce fertile cleistothecia after mating with A. benhamiae reference tester strains, which belonged to a third group intermediate between groups I and II. However, no interfertility was observed between yellow strains and white strains of mt+. A significant result was that white strains of mt- were able to mate and produce fertile cleistothecia with the white A. benhamiae strain CBS 112371 (mt+), the genome of which has recently been sequenced and annotated. This finding should offer new tools for investigating the biology and genetics of dermatophytes using wild-type strains.
Language Translation Tools Drive Productivity Improvements for Global Delivery of Services (2011)

Efficient utilization of global resources is crucial for globally integrated enterprises to improve their business performance. Rising costs of language translation by professional translators are inhibiting the growth of global delivery of services from and to countries and geographies where most documents need to be translated. The quality levels of current machine translation engines are inadequate for such business processes, since translation errors may cause significant business problems. Human-quality translations are needed, and we need tools for enhancing these human translation efforts. We have developed an architecture and some tools to help people create translations more efficiently. The framework provides tools for interactively creating translations by aggregating the information necessary for translating the documents, for checking the quality of the source documents to be translated, and for effectively gathering translation-related resources from existing documents. We conducted several experiments to evaluate the performance of the tools, and confirmed that the framework and tools are valuable in assisting human translation work.
Superconcentrators of Density 25.3. (2018)

Abstract. An N-superconcentrator is a directed, acyclic graph with N input nodes and N output nodes such that every subset of the inputs and every subset of the outputs of same cardinality can be connected by node-disjoint paths. It is known that linear-size and bounded-degree superconcentrators exist. We prove the existence of such superconcentrators with asymptotic density 25.3 (where the density is the number of edges divided by N). The previously best known densities were 28 [Sch06] and 27.4136 [YK12]. 1.
A Public Option for the Core (2020)

This paper is focused not on the Internet architecture â€“ as defined by layering, the narrow waist of IP, and other core design principles â€“ but on the Internet infrastructure, as embodied in the technologies and organizations that provide Internet service. In this paper we discuss both the challenges and the opportunities that make this an auspicious time to revisit how we might best structure the Internet's infrastructure. Currently, the tasks of transit-between-domains and last-mile-delivery are jointly handled by a set of ISPs who interconnect through BGP. In this paper we propose cleanly separating these two tasks. For transit, we propose the creation of a "public option" for the Internet's core backbone. This public option core, which complements rather than replaces the backbones used by large-scale ISPs, would (i) run an open market for backbone bandwidth so it could leverage links offered by third-parties, and (ii) structure its terms-of-service to enforce network neutrality so as to encourage competition and reduce the advantage of large incumbents.
Inter-Numerology Interference for Beyond 5G (2019)

Fifth generation (5G) radio access technology (RAT) is designed to flexibly serve multiple services with extremely diverse requirements. One of the steps taken toward fulfilling this vision of 5G-RAT is the introduction of multi-numerology concept, where multiple frame structures with different subcarrier spacings coexist in one frequency band. Though efficient in providing the required flexibility, this approach introduces a new kind of interference into the system known as inter-numerology interference (INI). In this study, a novel cyclic prefix (CP) insertion technique (referred to as common CP) for multi-numerology system is mathematically analyzed in terms of the INI problem and its extensive comparison with the conventional CP configuration (referred to as individual CP) standardized for the 5G multi-numerology systems is presented. An in-depth discussion of various critical issues concerning multi-numerology system such as frequency domain multiplexing, time domain symbol alignment, and orthogonality between subcarriers of different numerologies is presented in the light of both, individual and common CP configurations. The analyses reveal that common CP has an advantage of restructuring the INI pattern in the system in a manner that paves the way for developing better techniques of avoiding or minimizing INI in the future generations.
Macrocyclization via an Arginine-Tyrosine Crosslink Broadens the Reaction Scope of Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Enzymes (2019)

Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are an ascendant class of natural products with diverse structures and functions. Recently, we identified a wide array of RiPP gene clusters that are regulated by quorum sensing and encode one or more radical <i>S</i>-adenosylmethionine (RaS) enzymes, a diverse protein superfamily capable of catalyzing chemically difficult transformations. In this work, we characterize a novel reaction catalyzed by one such subfamily of RaS enzymes during RiPP biosynthesis: installation of a macrocyclic carbon-carbon bond that links the unactivated δ-carbon of an arginine side chain to the <i>ortho</i>-position of a tyrosine-phenol. Moreover, we show that this transformation is, unusually for RiPP biogenesis, largely insensitive to perturbations of the leader portion of the precursor peptide. This reaction expands the already impressive scope of RaS enzymes and contributes a unique macrocyclization motif to the growing body of RiPP architectures.
[Postinfection encephalitis: a previously unrecognized complication of measles]. (1998)

Anne, âgee de 9 ans, presente un episode febrile a 39,5 °C, associe le lendemain a des douleurs abdominales, une anorexie et une diarrhee. Un traitement antipyretique et antibiotique (Claramid®) est commence. Quatre jours apres, une eruption maculeuse apparait sur le visage, la paume des mains et la bouche. Au huitieme jour, alors que plusieurs cas de rougeole sont declares dans son ecole, elle presente une symptomatologie pulmonaire febrile. Le soir meme, elle presente une perte de connaissance avec coma reactif et hypertonie des membres superieurs. Elle est alors hospitalisee dans le service de reanimation pediatrique pour une prise en charge diagnostique et therapeutique.
Search for Stopped Gluinos in pp Collisions at root s=7 TeV (2011)

The results of the first search for long-lived gluinos produced in 7 TeV pp collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are presented. The search looks for evidence of long-lived particles that stop in the CMS detector and decay in the quiescent periods between beam crossings. In a dataset with a peak instantaneous luminosity of 1 x 10(32) cm(-2) s(-1), an integrated luminosity of 10 pb(-1), and a search interval corresponding to 62 hours of LHC operation, no significant excess above background was observed. Limits at the 95% confidence level on gluino pair production over 13 orders of magnitude of gluino lifetime are set. For a mass difference m((g) over tilde) - m((chi) over tilde1)(0) &gt;100 GeV/c(2), and assuming BR((g) over tilde -&gt; g&lt;(chi over bar&gt;(0)(1)) = 100%, m((g) over tilde) &lt; 370 GeV/c(2) are excluded for lifetimes from 10 mu s to 1000 s.
A knowledge representation for model-based high-level specification (2002)

A conditional semantic network as knowledge representation for model-based high-level specification in a plant control programming domain is proposed. In this representation, semantics of relations varies according to the plant situation, while it is determinate in conventional networks. A plant model enables designers to design control programs using natural terms and concepts of a plant. In order to interpret user-defined high-level specifications, the model includes knowledge about plant control in addition to plant components. The plant control knowledge is a type of constraint relation which exists among the plant component's actions and states. It varies according to the plant situation. The plant model, including the plant control knowledge, is appropriately described in the conditional semantic network representation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumorigenic and Metastatic Activity of Human Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from Tumorigenic and Metastatic Activity of Human Thyroid Cancer Stem Cells
Sequential Magnetic Resonance Monitoring of Pulmonary Flow With Endovascular Stents Placed Across the Pulmonary Valve in Growing Swine (2001)

MRI demonstrates the progression of pulmonary regurgitation in growing swine. VEC MRI has the ability to quantify pulmonary blood flow inside the lumen of nitinol stents. MRI appears to be ideally suited for monitoring patients with endovascular nitinol stents in the pulmonary artery or pulmonary valve position.
Improvement of Radiation Characteristics of a 300-GHz On-Chip Patch Antenna with Epoxy Mold Compound (EMC) Encapsulation (2022)

Radiation characteristics of on-chip patch antennas are limited by the metallization and dielectric properties of the back-end of line (BEOL) silicon manufacturing processes. A 300-GHz on-chip patch antenna is designed using a radio frequency (RF) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The radiation efficiency, peak gain, and impedance bandwidth improve upon encapsulation of the antenna with IC packaging epoxy mold compounds (EMCs). In addition, high-frequency conduction and dielectric losses are analyzed, and their effects on antenna radiation efficiency are quantified in this paper. The overall radiation efficiency is shown to improve by 25%, peak gain by <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\sim 3 \ \boldsymbol{\text{dB}}$</tex> , and the-10-dB return loss bandwidth improves from 3 GHz to 18 GHz by encapsulating a 300-GHz on-chip patch antenna within commercially available EMCs.
Liver-directed gene therapy corrects cardiovascular lesions in feline mucopolysaccharidosis type I (2014)

Patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), a genetic deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-l-iduronidase (IDUA), exhibit accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in tissues, with resulting diverse clinical manifestations including neurological, ocular, skeletal, and cardiac disease. MPS I is currently treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or weekly enzyme infusions, but these therapies have significant drawbacks for patient safety and quality of life and do not effectively address some of the most critical clinical sequelae, such as life-threatening cardiac valve involvement. Using the naturally occurring feline model of MPS I, we tested liver-directed gene therapy as a means of achieving long-term systemic IDUA reconstitution. We treated four MPS I cats at 3-5 mo of age with an adeno-associated virus serotype 8 vector expressing feline IDUA from a liver-specific promoter. We observed sustained serum enzyme activity for 6 mo at ∼ 30% of normal levels in one animal, and in excess of normal levels in three animals. Remarkably, treated animals not only demonstrated reductions in glycosaminoglycan storage in most tissues, but most also exhibited complete resolution of aortic valve lesions, an effect that has not been previously observed in this animal model or in MPS I patients treated with current therapies. These data point to clinically meaningful benefits of the robust enzyme expression achieved with hepatic gene transfer that extend beyond the economic and quality of life advantages over lifelong enzyme infusions.
Experimental investigation of dual wave optimized reflector stacks in solidly mounted resonators (2011)

Optimizing the reflector stacks for both longitudinal and shear waves is critical in the design of SMRs for high Quality factor (Q) filters. In this work, we experimentally investigate two design approaches for reflector stack optimization, i.e. the phase error approach and the diffraction grating method (DGM). Various SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /W reflector stacks were fabricated and analyzed: one stack using DGM and four others using the phase error approach. The extracted ID Q shows the expected trend except for the quarter-wave like stack. 2D FEM simulations reveal that the quarter-wave stack with an increased top-oxide layer shows improved shear reflection. The DGM stack showed the highest experimental Q of 1700. The results indicate that these approaches are applicable for any reflector stack combination.
Photolabelling of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 sialidase. Identification of a peptide with a predicted structural similarity to the active sites of influenza-virus sialidases (1992)

The sialidase from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was characterized by using photoaffinity-labelling techniques. The well-known sialidase inhibitor 5-acetamido-2,6-anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non- 2-enonic acid (Neu5Ac2en) was modified to contain an amino group at C-9, which permitted the incorporation of 4-azidosalicylic acid in amide linkage at this position. Labelling of the purified protein with the radioactive (125I) photoprobe was determined to be highly specific for a region within the active-site cavity. This conclusion was based on the observation that the competitive inhibitor Neu5Ac2en in the photolysis mixture prevented labelling of the protein. In contrast, compounds with structural and chemical features similar to the probe and Neu5Ac2en, but which were not competitive enzyme inhibitors, did not affect the photolabelling of the protein. The peptide interacting with the probe was identified by CNBr treatment of the labelled protein, followed by N-terminal sequence analysis. Inspection of the primary structure of the protein, predicted from the cloned structural gene for the sialidase [Hoyer, Hamilton, Steenbergen & Vimr (1992) Mol. Microbiol. 6, 873-884] revealed that the label was incorporated into a 9.6 kDa fragment situated within the terminal third of the molecule near the C-terminal end. Secondary-structural predictions using the Garnier-Robson algorithm [Garnier, Osguthorpe & Robson (1978) J. Mol. Biol. 120, 97-120] of the labelled peptide revealed a structural similarity to the active site of influenza-A- and Sendai-HN-virus sialidases with a repetitive series of alternating beta-sheets connected with loops.
64-QAM Self-Coherent Transmission Using Symmetric Silicon Photonic Stokes-Vector Receiver (2022)

We propose a robust silicon photonic Stokes-vector receiver based on fully symmetric waveguides without a mode-selective directional coupler. By using a fabricated receiver, we experimentally demonstrate 30-Gb/s 64-QAM self-coherent transmission over a 25-km single-mode fiber.
Influence of annealing temperature on optical properties of titanium oxide thin films (2003)

The influence of annealing temperature on optical properties of TiO2 thin films prepared using the mid-frequency AC magnetron sputtering technique was studied to design TiO2 thin film annealing process. The transmittance and reflectance spectra of TiO2 thin films on fused silica substrate were measured by a spectrophotometer. The reflective indices of the films were calculated using the envelope method and the extinction coefficients were determined using the empirical formula method. The results show that the refractive index of the TiO2 thin films increases with annealing temperature while the film extinction coefficient decreases a little at lower annealing temperatures. The TiO2 thin film annealed at 500 ℃ has the best optical properties.
Phase 1 study of safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the human telomerase (hTERT)-encoded DNA plasmids INO-1400 and INO-1401 with or without IL-12 DNA plasmid INO-9012 in adult patients with solid tumors (2021)

Plasmid DNA-encoded hTERT/IL-12 DNA immunotherapy was well-tolerated, immune responses were noted across all tumor types, and a specific CD8+ phenotype increased by the immunotherapy was significantly correlated with survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.
KDM6A missense variants hamper H3 histone demethylation in lung squamous cell carcinoma (2022)

KDM6A is the disease causative gene of type 2 Kabuki Syndrome, a rare multisystem disease; it is also a known cancer driver gene, with multiple somatic mutations found in a few cancer types. In this study, we looked at eleven missense variants in lung squamous cell carcinoma, one of the most common lung cancer subtypes, to see how they affect the KDM6A catalytic mechanisms. We found that they influence the interaction with histone H3 and the exposure of the trimethylated Lys27, which is critical for wild-type physiological function to varying degrees, by altering the conformational transition.
Low dose antigen exposure in extreme early life promotes adaptive immune response in lambs and piglets (2014)

M tolerance is defined as a state of antigen-specific non-responsiveness to oral antigens that prevents local and peripheral overreaction to oral antigens. In newborn lambs, the gut-wall is semi-permeable for up to 36 hours after birth allowing maternal antibodies from the colostrum to enter the suckling neonate’s circulation. We propose antigen introduced in extreme early life can readily access the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and circumvent induction of mucosal tolerance. To test this hypothesis, newborn lambs were fed low doses of ovalbumin (OVA) starting immediately after birth for either a single day, for 3 consecutive days, or 9 consecutive days. At 4 weeks of age, lambs were immunized with OVA in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Lambs gavaged with low dose OVA for 9 days developed significant serum anti-OVA IgG titres (prior to i.p. injection), but low IgA titres, and these titres were augmented after i.p. immunization (day 50). These lambs showed significant anti-OVA IgA titres in lung washes indicating induction of mucosal immunity. When splenocytes were re-stimulated with OVA ex vivo, the group of newborn lambs administered OVA for 3 days produced significantly higher IFN-γ expression relative to media-stimulated cells suggesting induction of antigen-specific, Th-1 biased cell-mediated immunity. Thus, perinatal antigen exposure primes local and distal mucosal antibody production as well as cell-mediated immunity in newborn lambs. To establish if one dose prior to ‘gut-closure’ was sufficient to induce an immune response, piglets were drenched with OVA the day after birth and then boosted at 4 weeks of age with OVA with IFA via i.p. route. We observed a significant induction of OVA-specific serosal IgG and IgA antibody production, modest induction of IgG antibody production in the lungs, but low induction of cell-mediated immunity from restimulated lamina propria lymphocytes. Thus, while a single oral dose exposure of OVA was sufficient to prime the serosal immune response, it was not sufficient to induce robust mucosal or cell-mediated immunity. Thus, we observed that adaptive immunity can be induced in lambs and pigs to a soluble antigen (even in the absence of adjuvants) if oral exposure occurs very early in life.