gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facet-sparing lumbar decompression with a minimally invasive flexible MicroBlade Shaver® versus traditional decompression: quantitative radiographic assessment (2012)

Carl Lauryssen,1 Sigurd Berven,2 Ronnie Mimran,3 Christopher Summa,4 Michael Sheinberg,5 Larry E Miller,6,7 Jon E Block71Tower Orthopedics, Beverly Hills, CA, USA; 2Department of Orthopedics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; 3Pacific Brain and Spine, Castro Valley, CA, USA; 4The Spine Clinic of Monterey Bay, Soquel, CA, USA; 5Danville, CA, USA; 6Miller Scientific Consulting Inc, Arden, NC, USA; 7The Jon Block Group, San Francisco, CA, USABackground: Laminectomy/laminotomy and foraminotomy are well established surgical techniques for treatment of symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis. However, these procedures have significant limitations, including limited access to lateral and foraminal compression and postoperative instability. The purpose of this cadaver study was to compare bone, ligament, and soft tissue morphology following lumbar decompression using a minimally invasive MicroBlade Shaver&reg; instrument versus hemilaminotomy with foraminotomy (HL).Methods: The iO-Flex&reg; system utilizes a flexible over-the-wire MicroBlade Shaver instrument designed for facet-sparing, minimally invasive &ldquo;inside-out&rdquo; decompression of the lumbar spine. Unilateral decompression was performed at 36 levels in nine human cadaver specimens, six with age-appropriate degenerative changes and three with radiographically confirmed multilevel stenosis. The iO-Flex system was utilized on alternating sides from L2/3 to L5/S1, and HL was performed on the opposite side at each level by the same investigator. Spinal canal, facet joint, lateral recess, and foraminal morphology were assessed using computed tomography.Results: Similar increases in soft tissue canal area and decreases in ligamentum flavum area were noted in nondiseased specimens, although HL required removal of 83% more laminar area (P &lt; 0.01) and 95% more bone resection, including the pars interarticularis and facet joints (P &lt; 0.001), compared with the iO-Flex system. Similar increases in lateral recess diameter were noted in nondiseased specimens using each procedure. In stenotic specimens, the increase in lateral recess diameter was significantly (P = 0.02) greater following use of the iO-Flex system (43%) versus HL (7%). The iO-Flex system resulted in greater facet joint preservation in nondiseased and stenotic specimens. In stenotic specimens, the iO-Flex system resulted in a significantly greater increase in foraminal width compared with HL (24% versus 4%, P = 0.01), with facet joint preservation.Conclusion: The iO-Flex system resulted in significantly better decompression of the lateral recess and foraminal areas compared with HL, while preserving posterior spinal elements, including the facet joint.Keywords: decompression, laminectomy, lumbar, minimally invasive, stenosis, MicroBlade Shaver, iO-Flex system
Differentially expressed nucleolar transforming growth factor-β1 target (DENTT) exhibits an inhibitory role on tumorigenesis (2008)

Differentially expressed nucleolar transforming growth factor-beta1 target (DENTT), also known as testis-specific protein Y-encoded-like (TSPYL-2) and cell division autoantigen-1, is a member of the testis-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY)/TSPY-L/SET/nucleosome assembly protein-1 superfamily. DENTT is expressed in various tissues including normal human lung. Here, we investigate the involvement of DENTT in cancer promotion and progression. DENTT messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were shown to be markedly downregulated in human and mouse primary tumors and in human tumor cell lines. Overexpression of DENTT in human lung (A549-DENTT) and breast (MCF-7-DENTT) cancer cells resulted in diminished growth potential in anchorage-dependent growth assays and reduced capacity to form colonies under anchorage-independent culture conditions. The migratory potential of A549-DENTT and MCF-7-DENTT cells was reduced when compared with empty vector control cells. Treating human lung cell lines with demethylating agents increased DENTT expression significantly. DENTT expression pattern paralleled that of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in normal and malignant tissue and ectopic expression or treatment with TGF-beta1 in lung cancer cells was followed by increased DENTT mRNA and protein levels. Collectively, our results suggest a role for DENTT as a suppressor of the tumorigenic phenotype.
File-access characteristics of parallel scientific workloads (1996)

Phenomenal improvements in the computational performance of multiprocessors have not been matched by comparable gains in I/O system performance. This imbalance has resulted in I/O becoming a significant bottleneck for many scientific applications. One key to overcoming this bottleneck is improving the performance of multiprocessor file systems. The design of a high-performance multiprocessor file system requires a comprehensive understanding of the expected workload. Unfortunately, until recently, no general workload studies of multiprocessor file systems have been conducted. The goal of the CHARISMA project was to remedy this problem by characterizing the behavior of several production workloads, on different machines, at the level of individual reads and writes. The first set of results from the CHARISMA project describe the workloads observed on an Intel iPSC/860 and a Thinking Machines CM-5. This paper is intended to compare and contrast these two workloads for an understanding of their essential similarities and differences, isolating common trends and platform-dependent variances. Using this comparison, we are able to gain more insight into the general principles that should guide multiprocessor file-system design.
Luminescent Solar Concentration with Semiconductor Nanorods and Transfer-Printed Micro-Silicon Solar Cells (2013)

We utilize CdSe/CdS seeded nanorods as a tunable lumophore for luminescent concentration. Transfer-printed, ultrathin crystalline Si solar cells are embedded directly into the luminescent concentrator, allowing the study of luminescent concentrators with an area over 5000 times the area of the solar cell. By increasing the size of the CdS rod with respect to the luminescent CdSe seed, the reabsorption of propagating photons is dramatically reduced. At long luminescence propagation distances, this reduced reabsorption can overcome the diminished quantum yield inherent to the larger semiconductor structures, which is studied with lifetime spectroscopy. A Monte Carlo ray tracing model is developed to explain the performance of the luminescent concentrator and is then used as a design tool to determine the effect of luminescence trapping on the concentration of light using both CdSe/CdS nanorods and a model organic dye. We design an efficient luminescence trapping structure that should allow the luminescent concentrator based on CdSe/CdS nanorods to operate in the high-concentration regime.
Spiral colour model: Reduction from 3-D to 2-D (2011)

We define a new reduced model to represent coloured images. We propose to use two components for a full definition of a colour instead of three. To that end we take advantage of the geometrical structure of the HCL conical colour space and approximate its circular base by a spiral. We thus write chroma as a function of hue. The resulting spiral is therefore defined by one parameter only. This parameter is then combined with luminance in order to represent all the colour information. Our experiments show that our proposed model ensures an accurate representation of coloured digital images. Further more, it preserves the perceptual properties of the original HCL representation.
Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in archaeal phylum Verstraetearchaeota reveals the shared ancestry of all methanogens (2019)

Methanogenic archaea are major contributors to the global carbon cycle and were long thought to belong exclusively to the euryarchaeal phylum. Discovery of the methanogenesis gene cluster methyl-coenzyme M reductase (Mcr) in the Bathyarchaeota, and thereafter the Verstraetearchaeota, led to a paradigm shift, pushing back the evolutionary origin of methanogenesis to predate that of the Euryarchaeota. The methylotrophic methanogenesis found in the non-Euryarchaota distinguished itself from the predominantly hydrogenotrophic methanogens found in euryarchaeal orders as the former do not couple methanogenesis to carbon fixation through the reductive acetyl-CoA [Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP)], which was interpreted as evidence for independent evolution of the two methanogenesis pathways. Here, we report the discovery of a complete and divergent hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway in a thermophilic order of the Verstraetearchaeota, which we have named Candidatus Methanohydrogenales, as well as the presence of the WLP in the crenarchaeal order Desulfurococcales. Our findings support the ancient origin of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, suggest that methylotrophic methanogenesis might be a later adaptation of specific orders, and provide insight into how the transition from hydrogenotrophic to methylotrophic methanogenesis might have occurred.
Highlighting validity and placement of risk information in drug manufacturers' direct-to-consumer web pages (2008)

HICKS, KEVIN ERVIN.Highlighting Validity and Placement of Risk Information in Drug Manufacturers' Direct-to-Consumer Web Pages.(Under the direction of Michael S
Improving the Charge Conductance of Elemental Sulfur via Tandem Inverse Vulcanization and Electropolymerization (2015)

The synthesis of polymeric materials using elemental sulfur (S<sub>8</sub>) as the chemical feedstock has recently been developed using a process termed inverse vulcanization. The preparation of chemically stable sulfur copolymers was previously prepared by the inverse vulcanization of S<sub>8</sub> and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB); however, the development of synthetic methods to introduce new chemical functionality into this novel class of polymers remains an important challenge. In this report the introduction of polythiophene segments into poly(sulfur-<i>random</i>-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) is achieved by the inverse vulcanization of S<sub>8</sub> with a styrenic functional 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT-Sty) and DIB, followed by electropolymerization of ProDOT side chains. This methodology demonstrates for the first time a facile approach to introduce new functionality into sulfur and high sulfur content polymers, while specifically enhancing the charge conductivity of these intrinsically highly resistive materials.
Expression of Concern:Implementation models for analog-to-information conversion via random sampling (2007)

We develop a framework for analog-to-information conversion based on the theory of information recovery from random samples. The framework enables sub-Nyquist acquisition and processing of wideband signals that are sparse in a local Fourier representation. We present the random sampling theory associated with an efficient information recovery algorithm to compute the spectrogram of the signal. Additionally, we develop a hardware design for the random sampling system that demonstrates a consistent reconstruction fidelity in the presence of sampling jitter, which forms the main source of non-ideality in a practical system implementation.
Validating Resilient Detailing of Japanese Ceilings, Windows, and Wall Tiles Using an E-defense Shake-table Test (2021)

Ceilings, windows, and wall tiles were installed in a 3-story reinforced concrete structure subjected to shake-table tests. Alternative detailing for each type was used to evaluate their impact on seismic performance. The ceiling built using conventional detailing had no catastrophic damage but incurred crushing of plasterboards, creating a gap between the ceiling and the surrounding beams. For sliding windows, damage which could cause injuries was not observed, whereas glass cracking was observed for fixed windows. For tiles, the use of organic adhesive prevented tiles from falling, compared to the use of mortar where tile spalling was observed.
Indications for an Operative Mechanism of Keratoepithelioplasty and Autoconjunctival Transplantation in Ocular Surface Disorders (1994)

Kiritoshi, Akira*; Nishida, Kohji†; Shimomura, Yoshikazu*; Ohashi, Yuichi‡; Kinoshita, Shigeru† Author Information
Modeling of Vertical Dipole Above Lossy Dielectric Half-Space: Characteristic Mode Theory (2020)

This work introduces a theoretical extension of the characteristic mode formulation for analysing the vertical electric dipole lying above a lossy dielectric half-space. As the conventional characteristic formulation fails to maintain the orthogonality of the characteristic field modes over the infinite sphere, an alternate modal formulation is proposed here to maintain the orthogonality for both the current and field modes. The modal results are found to match closely with its method of moment counterparts. Later, the modes of an isolated dipole with no ground plane have been used to predict the role of the lossy ground plane through a theory of the linear combination of the eigenvectors. The proposed formulations have been studied with different heights from the ground plane and are compared with the direct modal solutions to validate its accuracy. It helps to provide a thorough understanding of how the isolated modes interact among each other to constitute the perturbed modes in the presence of the lossy half-space. It can find application to include the lossy earth effect in the study of the lightning fields and the path loss modelling of the antennas over the lossy ground.
Beneficial impact of Ac3IV, an AVP analogue acting specifically at V1a and V1b receptors, on diabetes islet morphology and transdifferentiation of alpha- and beta-cells (2021)

Ac3IV (Ac-CYIQNCPRG-NH2) is an enzymatically stable vasopressin analogue that selectively activates Avpr1a (V1a) and Avpr1b (V1b) receptors. In the current study we have employed streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic transgenic Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26-eYFP and GluCreERT2;Rosa26-eYFP mice, to evaluate the impact of sustained Ac3IV treatment on pancreatic islet cell morphology and transdifferentiation. Twice-daily administration of Ac3IV (25 nmol/kg bw) to STZ-diabetic Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26-eYFP mice for 12 days increased pancreatic insulin (p<0.01) and significantly reversed the detrimental effects of STZ on pancreatic islet morphology. Such benefits were coupled with increased (p<0.01) beta-cell proliferation and decreased (p<0.05) beta-cell apoptosis. In terms of islet cell lineage tracing, induction of diabetes increased (p<0.001) beta- to alpha-cell differentiation in Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26-eYFP mice, with Ac3IV partially reversing (p<0.05) such transition events. Comparable benefits of Ac3IV on pancreatic islet architecture were observed in STZ-diabetic GluCreERT2;ROSA26-eYFP transgenic mice. In this model, Ac3IV provoked improvements in islet morphology which were linked to increased (p<0.05-p<0.01) transition of alpha- to beta-cells. Ac3IV also increased (p<0.05-p<0.01) CK-19 co-expression with insulin in pancreatic ductal and islet cells. Blood glucose levels were unchanged by Ac3IV in both models, reflecting the severity of diabetes induced. Taken together these data indicate that activation of islet receptors for V1a and V1b positively modulates alpha- and beta-cell turnover and endocrine cell lineage transition events to preserve beta-cell identity and islet architecture.
Fermented bitter gourd extract differentially regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine gene expression through nuclear factor-κB and interferon regulatory factor-1 (2015)

Bitter gourd is the fruit of a tropical vine in Asia, Africa, and South America where it is commonly used in traditional medicine. Our study tested the effects of a fermented extract of the bitter gourd on the inflammatory activities of the human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1. Treatment with the extract resulted in the suppression of phagocytic as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced adhesion activity. Interestingly, the LPS-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was suppressed by the extract while the expression of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was upregulated. The extract inhibited the LPS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), both of which are well known to be required for the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α. In contrast, the expression of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 1, a transcription factor involved in the expression of IL-8, but not TNF-α, was enhanced by the extract. Suppression of IRF-1 expression resulted in the elimination of the extract's interleukin-8 (IL-8) enhancing effect. These results indicate that the fermented bitter gourd extract has general anti-inflammatory effects, with a differential effect on the expression of cytokines through modulation of NF-κB and IRF-1 activities.
Organic Field-effect Transistor Channel Perturbation at Two Surfaces through Analyte Binding and Dielectric Charging (2005)

Field-effect transistors, including those based on organic semiconductors, are typically gated via an electrical potential applied from a gate contact across a dielectric to the "buried" interface between the dielectric and the semiconductor. We are presently investigating and utilizing additional gate potentials arising from interactions at both the buried and "free" semiconductor interfaces. Charging of the gate dielectric can occur by multiple mechanisms. Experiments that separate bulk and interface effects include the formation of self-assembled monolayers at the interface and measurements of surface potential and capacitance on both the semiconductor-dielectric bilayer and the dielectric itself. Charging can occur at both buried and free interfaces, and can be in electret and ferroelectric polymers. Chemisorption of polar analytes leads to changes in channel current that can be rationalized by an electrostatic model, including dipole fields and binding constants that agrees with results reported from electron spectroscopy. Analyte binding constants >1000 can be projected for suitably functionalized semiconductor films. Order-of-magnitude current changes result from both chemisorption and dielectric charging. Use of these effects for sensing of analytes relevant to national security and for approaches to plastic electronic logic elements are discussed
Virtual Materials Intelligence for Design and Discovery of Advanced Electrocatalysts (2019)

Similar to advancements gained from big data in genomics, security, internet of things, and e-commerce, the materials workflow could be made more efficient and prolific through advances in streamlining data sources, autonomous materials synthesis, rapid characterization, big data analytics, and self-learning algorithms. In electrochemical materials science, data sets are large, unstructured/heterogeneous, and difficult to process and analyze from a single data channel or platform. Computer-aided materials design together with advances in data mining, machine learning, and predictive analytics are expected to provide inexpensive and accelerated pathways towards tailor-made functionally optimized energy materials. Fundamental research in the field of electrochemical energy materials focuses primarily on complex interfacial phenomena and kinetic electrocatalytic processes. This perspective article critically assesses AI-driven modeling and computational approaches that are currently applied to those objects. An application-driven materials intelligence platform is introduced, and its functionalities are scrutinized considering the development of electrocatalyst materials for CO<sub>2</sub> conversion as a use case.
NEW ARRAY CAPABILITIES BY PHOTONIC BEAMFORMING (INVITED) (1998)

A large number of organizations are currently developing concepts in photonic beamforming. We briefly review the growth and then present an updated and expanded motivation for photonic beamforming in terms of current system expectations. Fortunately, many experiments in the literature demonstrate the enormous potential for photonic techniques to meet the growing demands. Current photonic capabilities and limitations based on dispersion are presented.
Abstract P326: Effects of D 1 R/AT 2 R Coupling on Aminopeptidase N (APN) in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells (RPTC) (2017)

Dopamine receptor type 1 (D 1 R) and angiotensin receptor type 2 (AT 2 R) uncoupling from their intracellular second messengers are implicated in both salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SS) and hypertension. Angiotensin III (Ang III) and dopamine (DA) work cooperatively through binding to the interdependent D 1 R and AT 2 R to regulate renal sodium balance through autocrine signaling pathways. Aminopeptidase N (APN) is a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) enzyme localized in RPTC responsible for converting the natriuretic peptide AngIII into the anti-natriuretic agonist angiotensin IV (AngIV). The expression of APN (measured by a fluorescently labelled CD13 antibody) was investigated after increasing intracellular salt concentration with both the ionophore monensin (100 μM, 1hr.) and NaCl buffer solution (50 mmol/L, 1 hr.) in known G protein coupled (i22) and G protein uncoupled (i19) RPTC. Increasing intracellular sodium resulted in a more dramatic decrease in overall APN expression in uncoupled cells (i19 vehicle (VEH) 1.00 ± 0.03, Mon 0.87 ± 0.01 fold, n=3, p&lt;0.05) compared to a slight decrease in coupled cells (i22 VEH 1.00 ± 0.01, NaCl 0.96 ± 0.01 fold, n=6, p&lt;0.05). Two unknown coupling urine cell lines (RMC031-202 and RMC031-6) were evaluated alongside these known cells in an attempt to classify each as coupled or uncoupled. RMC031-202 replicated i22 (coupled) trends while RMC031-6 closely replicated i19 (uncoupled) data. Moreover, baseline APN expression comparison (normalized to i22) between the cell lines reveled a significantly elevated baseline for known and suspected uncoupled cells (i19 1.69 ± 0.047, RMC031-6 2.01 ± 0.004 fold over i22, n=3, p&lt;0.05). Known (i22) and suspected (RMC031-202) normally coupled cells had equivalent baselines (p&gt;0.05). An uncoupling defect may result in decreased APN regulation in RPTC causing higher baseline levels of APN expression. These increased levels of APN, in turn, lead not only to amplified production of the anti-natriuretic agonist AngIV but also reduced potential for cooperative natriuretic AngIII/DA autocrine signaling thus disrupting the dopaminergic system’s ability to suppress RAS and maintain proper sodium balance.
Supplementary Figure 3 from PARP-1 Inhibition as a Targeted Strategy to Treat Ewing's Sarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 316K&lt;/p&gt;
Chromatin-Associated Periodicity in Genetic Variation Downstream of Transcriptional Start Sites (2008)

Might DNA sequence variation reflect germline genetic activity and underlying chromatin structure? We investigated this question using medaka (Japanese killifish, Oryzias latipes), by comparing the genomic sequences of two strains (Hd-rR and HNI) and by mapping approximately 37.3 million nucleosome cores from Hd-rR blastulae and 11,654 representative transcription start sites from six embryonic stages. We observed a distinctive approximately 200-base pair (bp) periodic pattern of genetic variation downstream of transcription start sites; the rate of insertions and deletions longer than 1 bp peaked at positions of approximately +200, +400, and +600 bp, whereas the point mutation rate showed corresponding valleys. This approximately 200-bp periodicity was correlated with the chromatin structure, with nucleosome occupancy minimized at positions 0, +200, +400, and +600 bp. These data exemplify the potential for genetic activity (transcription) and chromatin structure to contribute to molding the DNA sequence on an evolutionary time scale.