gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Etiology of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): Current Directions in Research (2020)

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a CD30-positive, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-negative T-cell lymphoma. Where implant history is known, all confirmed cases to date have occurred in patients with exposure to textured implants. There is a spectrum of disease presentation, with the most common occurring as a seroma with an indolent course. A less common presentation occurs as locally advanced or, rarely, as metastatic disease. Here we review the immunological characteristics of BIA-ALCL and potential triggers leading to its development. BIA-ALCL occurs in an inflammatory microenvironment with significant lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and a prominent Th1/Th17 phenotype in advanced disease. Genetic lesions affecting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway are commonly present. Proposed triggers for the development of malignancy include mechanical friction, silicone implant shell particulates, silicone leachables, and bacteria. Of these, the bacterial hypothesis has received significant attention, supported by a plausible biologic model. In this model, bacteria form an adherent biofilm in the favorable environment of the textured implant surface, producing a bacterial load that elicits a chronic inflammatory response. Bacterial antigens, primarily of Gram-negative origin, may trigger innate immunity and induce T-cell proliferation with subsequent malignant transformation in genetically susceptible individuals. Although much remains to be elucidated regarding the multifactorial origins of BIA-ALCL, future research should focus on prevention and treatment strategies, recognizing susceptible populations, and whether decreasing the risk of BIA-ALCL is possible.
Analysis on the Go: Quantitation of Drugs of Abuse in Dried Urine with Digital Microfluidics and Miniature Mass Spectrometry (2014)

We report the development of a method coupling microfluidics and a miniature mass spectrometer, applied to quantitation of drugs of abuse in urine. A custom digital microfluidic system was designed to deliver droplets of solvent to dried urine samples and then transport extracted analytes to an array of nanoelectrospray emitters for analysis. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection was performed using a fully autonomous 25 kg instrument. Using the new method, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and codeine can be quantified from four samples in less than 15 min from (dried) sample to analysis. The figures of merit for the new method suggest that it is suitable for on-site screening; for example, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for cocaine is 40 ng/mL, which is compatible with the performance criteria for laboratory analyses established by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. More importantly, the LOQ of the new method is superior to the 300 ng/mL cutoff values used by the only other portable analysis systems we are aware of (relying on immunoassays). This work serves as a proof-of-concept for integration of microfluidics with miniature mass spectrometry. The system is attractive for the quantitation of drugs of abuse from urine and, more generally, may be useful for a wide range of applications that would benefit from portable, quantitative, on-site analysis.
Development of Micromachined Parylene-Based Electroactive Membranes with Embedded Microfluidic Channels For Biological Applications (2022)

This work presents the development and characterization of novel micromachined Parylene-based electroactive membranes (µPEMs) with embedded microfluidic channels. We developed a fabrication protocol to form MEMS-based electrostatic actuators membranes over a bulk micromachined cavity, with microshell microfluidic architectures defined on top of the actuator. Actuation of the devices demonstrated reliability with minimal voltage shifts (<6% variance). Furthermore, dynamic measurements observing membrane deflection were obtained via optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques. The platform's biocompatibility makes it ideal for microfluidic applications such as promoting fluid circulation and as a mechanical actuation device to stimulate strain sensitive cells cultured within the microsystem.
Carbon nanotubes of oil fly ash as lubricant additives for different base oils and their tribology performance (2017)

CNTs of oil fly ash were found to be suitable as lubricant additives for Aramco base oil.
Probabilistic model-based sentiment analysis of twitter messages (2010)

We present a machine learning approach to sentiment classification on twitter messages (tweets). We classify each tweet into two categories: polar and non-polar. Tweets with positive or negative sentiment are considered polar. They are considered non-polar otherwise. Sentiment analysis of tweets can potentially benefit different parties, such as consumers and marketing researchers, for obtaining opinions on different products and services. We present methods for text normalization of the noisy tweets and their classification with respect to the polarity. We experiment with a mixture model approach for generation of sentimental words, which are later used as indicator features of the classification model. Based on a gold standard manually annotated ensemble of tweets, with the new approach, we obtain F-scores that are relatively 10% better than a classification baseline that uses raw word n-gram features.
In vitro pro-inflammatory enzyme inhibition and anti-oxidant potential of selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants (2018)

The ethanol bark extract of F. indica can be identified as a potential candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory agents, which deserves further investigations. The bio-active plant extracts may be effectively used in the applications of cosmetic and health care industry.
Importance of Cyclization during the Condensation of Hydrolyzed Alkoxysilanes (1998)

Hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes exhibit decreasing condensation reactivity as the connectivity of a reacting site increases. However, until recently cyclization was neglected when quantifying this effect. We apply two kinetic models, one neglecting cyclization, the other accounting for cyclization (using in part the illustrated scheme), to 29Si NMR data of hydrolyzed alkylethoxysilanes. We show that the true negative first shell substitution effect is even more severe than previously thought when neglecting cyclization.
Methods for using textual entailment in open-domain question answering (2006)

Work on the semantics of questions has argued that the relation between a question and its answer(s) can be cast in terms of logical entailment. In this paper, we demonstrate how computational systems designed to recognize textual entailment can be used to enhance the accuracy of current open-domain automatic question answering (Q/A) systems. In our experiments, we show that when textual entailment information is used to either filter or rank answers returned by a Q/A system, accuracy can be increased by as much as 20% overall.
Defining PML Spectrum Disease (P5.101) (2018)

To characterize the spectrum of CNS JC virus disease.
Fast Direct Solver Based on the Generalized Equivalence Integral Equation (2013)

A novel fast direct solver using the recently proposed generalized equivalence integral equation (GEIE) is presented. By eliminating the line-of-sight between distant subdomains of convex geometries, the GEIE essentially reduces the problems' dimensionality, thus producing highly compressible impedance matrices. The compression is facilitated using a multilevel non-uniform grid (NG) scheme, tailored to the GEIE. The high compressibility and fast compression sum up to a fast direct solver. The solver is applied to the problem of scattering from an essentially circular cylinder, thus facilitating the construction of a modified Green's function that is needed in the GEIE formulation. For the 2-dimensional (2D) case, compression to O(1) unknowns is achieved.
Electroreduction of Oxygen at a Pt/C-Modified Electrode with a Cobaltporphyrin Complex (2004)

Abstract Cobalt complexes that reversibly bind and release O2 functioned as O2 carriers, or O2-enriching media, at the surface of a cathode to enhance the current for the reduction of O2. The effect of the cobalt complex to accumulate O2 was evidenced by the higher open-circuit potential, which reflected the equilibrated concentration of O2 at the electrode surface. The combination of the cobalt complex and the conventional Pt/C catalyst resulted in a significant increase in the steady-state current for the four-electron reduction of O2, particularly at small overpotentials where typical fuel cells operate, based on the facilitated transport of O2 from the atmosphere to the catalyst at the electrode surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Megistoquinones I and II, Two Quinoline Alkaloids with Antibacterial Activity from the Bark of Sarcomelicope megistophylla (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gait and turning characteristics from daily life increase ability to predict future falls in people with Parkinson's disease (2023)

These findings highlight the importance of considering precise digital measures, captured <i>via</i> sensors strategically placed on the feet and low back, to quantify several different aspects of gait (walking and turning) during daily life to improve the classification of future fallers in PD.
To Fumble Flutter or Tackle “Tach”? Toward Updated Classifiers for Atrial Tachyarrhythmias (1996)

Aristotle proposed in his short work, The Categories, that a definition is a statement of a thing's essential nature, and the essence of a thing are those of its properties that cannot change without losing its identity. But Aristotle was not faced with the flux of new information that confronts modern medicine. Nowadays, the argot of a discipline arises organically at the intersection of a given state of empiric knowledge and the exigencies of present scientific discourse. Thus, when the only treatment for a regular, narrow QRS complex tachycardia was digitalis glycosides or vasopressor infusion, the term "PAT" ("paroxysmal atrial tachycardia") seemed adequate, at least to distinguish it from ventricular tachycardia. We now prefer the term "PSVT" (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia) because we understand that most such tachycardias are not in truth "atrial" but involve the AV node and/or an accessory AV connection, and because we wish to report on the results of treatment specific to each of the subcategories of "PSVT." Similarly, as our knowledge of atrial arrhythmias has grown and especially as we need to describe the outcome of new interventional approaches to therapy, it may be prudent to use a nomenclature for atrial tachyarrhythmias that is based on the geometry of the tachycardia substrate, the relationship of that substrate to atrial anatomy, and the type of atrial lesions required to abolish that substrate.
Power Distribution in Hybrid Multi-cell Converter with Nearest Level Modulation (2007)

Hybrid multi-cell converters present a highly non-linear power distribution at each cell. Moreover, the cells with smaller DC link voltage can regenerate power, even if the load is not active. This paper shows the active power distribution in terms of the modulation index, highlighting the regenerative operation. The active power is calculated based on the fundamental term of the switching pattern obtained by the nearest level or round modulation. The round modulation technique is described as a comparison algorithm to allow a mathematical analysis. This paper shows that low power cells present a regenerative operation which depends on the modulation technique and does not depend of the load type. The modulation index rates of regenerative operation are found, as example, for a three-cell hybrid multi-cell converter for two different asymmetries.
Video over mobile networks [Guest editorial] (2013)

Video is a major challenge for the future mobile Internet as it is foreseen to account for close to 70 percent of consumer mobile traffic by 2016. Already, mobile network operators are suffering from the exploding number of subscribers accessing high-volume mobile data services, and this trend is expected to intensify even further in the near future. The enormous proliferation of multimedia-capable portable devices - such as smart phones, tablets, and laptops equipped with 3G and WLAN interfaces - has increased the volume and variety of multimedia digital content and related services.
Determination of the type of stacking faults in single-crystal high-purity diamond with a low dislocation density of <50 cm−2 by synchrotron X-ray topography (2016)

Abstract The properties of stacking faults in a single-crystal high-purity diamond with a very low dislocation density of &lt;50 cm −2 and a very low impurity concentration of &lt;0.1 ppm were investigated by synchrotron X-ray topography. We found stacking faults on the {111} plane and determined the fault vector f of the stacking faults to be on the basis of the f · g extinction criteria. Furthermore, we have found that the partial dislocations are of the Shockley type on the basis of the b · g extinction criteria. Consequently, we concluded that the stacking faults are of the Shockley type and formed because of the decomposition of dislocations with into dislocations with and .
Micromechanical investigations of CVD coated WC-Co cemented carbide by micropillar compression (2019)

Deformation behavior of an industrial coated cemented carbide (WC-Co substrate coated with CVD multilayer of TiN/Zr(C,N)/Ti(C,N,O)/Al2O3) was investigated by means of micropillar compression method. In addition to the WC-Co substrate pillars, new composite pillar combination consisting of substrate, TiN interlayer and carbonitride hard coating were tested. The study targeted to document and analyze interactions between different phases and components (substrate, interlayer and coating) while subjected to compressive stress. It is found that deformation of the substrate depends mainly on the assemblage and the distribution of WC and Co phases within the pillar. The phase assemblage is subjected to changes after deformation which has an impact on the stiffness. Detailed analysis of plastic deformation within WC coarse grains pointed out that strain energy can be extensively dissipated in this phase by means of single and multiple slip. The composite/hybrid pillar formed by association of the substrate and the coating enhanced the ultimate strength in comparison to their respective individual components, highlighting the effective load-bearing response of coating and substrate acting as a coated system. This assessment was further supported by the excellent interfacial strength attested by the established TiN interlayer between the substrate and the coating.
Ribosomal DNA sequences detected in malaria parasites by cytochemical hybridization (1984)

A procedure in which fluorochrome-labelled RNA is hybridized in situ to homologous DNA sequences was used to investigate the possible application of this method to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Rhodamine-labelled ribosomal RNA stained the nuclei of the parasites after cytochemical hybridization. This result demonstrates that ribosomal RNA genes can be visualised. It was estimated that the hybridization efficiency was greater than 40%.
Obesity Epidemic (2011)

Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable death in the United States, second only to smoking. The annual number of deaths attributed to obesity is estimated to be as high as 400,000. Nearly 70% of the adult U.S. population is overweight or obese. The historical viewpoint toward obesity has deemed it to be a lifestyle choice or characterological flaw. However, given the emerging research into the development of obesity and its related complications, our perspective is changing. It is now clear that obesity is a heterogeneous disease with many different subtypes, which involves an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The current epidemic of obesity is the result of an obesogenic environment (which includes energy-dense foods and a lack of physical activity) in individuals who have a genetic susceptibility for developing obesity. The pathophysiology associated with weight gain is much more complex than originally thought. The heterogeneous nature of the disease makes the development of treatment strategies for obesity difficult. Obesity in general is associated with increased all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality (from cardiovascular, diabetic, hepatic, and neoplastic causes). Yet despite increased overall mortality rates, current evidence suggests that when these same patients are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), the obesity provides some protection against mortality. At present, there is no clear explanation for this obesity conundrum in critical illness.
A solution-processable bipolar molecular glass as a host material for white electrophosphorescent devices (2008)

A solution-processable bipolar material tBu-OXDTFA comprising an electron-rich triphenylamine core and electron-deficient oxadiazole/fluorene peripheries was synthesized. This dendrimer-like molecule not only possesses a high triplet energy (2.74 eV) but also exhibits excellent film-forming properties upon solution processing. We achieved highly efficient white electrophosphorescent OLEDs (22.3 cd A−1, 11.6%) through solution processing, wherein the single white emitting layer was readily formed after spin-coating a solution of blue- and red-phosphor co-dopants containing tBu-OXDTFA as the host matrix.
Aspartate receptors of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium bind ligand with negative and half-of-the-sites cooperativity (1994)

The aspartate receptors of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium which mediate chemotactic responsiveness to aspartate have 79% amino acid sequence identity but exhibited apparently quite different aspartate binding plots. The Scatchard plot of the Salmonella receptor was concave upward whereas the E. coli receptor gave a straight line. Because the two binding sites in the Salmonella receptor lacking aspartate have a 2-fold crystallographic symmetry axis and do not overlap, the observation of more than one class of binding sites must be due to a ligand-induced conformational change giving negative cooperativity. The closely related E. coli receptor was found to bind with only one class of sites but with a stoichiometry of one aspartate per dimer. The E. coli receptor thus binds with half-of-sites reactivity, an extreme form of negative cooperativity in which the second ligand is not observed to bind at all. Comparison of the X-ray crystal structure of the ligand binding domain with and without bound aspartate revealed ligand-induced conformational changes that explain the two examples of negative cooperativity.
Characterization and Epitope Mapping of the Polyclonal Antibody Repertoire Elicited by Ricin Holotoxin-Based Vaccination (2014)

Ricin, one of the most potent and lethal toxins known, is classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as a select agent. Currently, there is no available antidote against ricin exposure, and the most promising therapy is based on neutralizing antibodies elicited by active vaccination or that are given passively. The aim of this study was to characterize the repertoire of anti-ricin antibodies generated in rabbits immunized with ricin toxoid. These anti-ricin antibodies exhibit an exceptionally high avidity (thiocyanate-based avidity index, 9 M) toward ricin and an apparent affinity of 1 nM. Utilizing a novel tissue culture-based assay that enables the determination of ricin activity within a short time period, we found that the anti-ricin antibodies also possess a very high neutralizing titer. In line with these findings, these antibodies conferred mice with full protection against pulmonary ricinosis when administered as a passive vaccination. Epitope mapping analysis using phage display random peptide libraries revealed that the polyclonal serum contains four immunodominant epitopes, three of which are located on the A subunit and one on the B subunit of ricin. Only two of the four epitopes were found to have a significant role in ricin neutralization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that characterizes these immunological aspects of the polyclonal response to ricin holotoxin-based vaccination. These findings provide useful information and a possible strategy for the development and design of an improved ricin holotoxin-based vaccine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies in the Brefeldin Series: Asymmetric Enamine‐Enal Cycloaddition and Intramolecular Nozaki Reactions. (1988)

Abstract The cycloaddition reaction of the dialdehyde (I) with the oxazolidine (II) and the intermolecular Nozaki addition of the iodide (VII) to the aldehyde obtained from the thioacetal (VI) represent key steps in the synthesis of the aldehyde (VIII).
Correlation of diffuse scattering with nanocrystallite size in porous silicon using transmission microscopy (1999)

We use high resolution cross sectional transmission electron microscopy to image the nanostructure of (100) p-type porous Si. A network of pore tracks subdivide the material into nano-islands and nanocrystallites are resolved throughout the material. With distance from the substrate, electron diffraction develops noncrystalline-like diffuse patterns that dominate the coherent scattering in the topmost luminescent layer. Also, with distance from the substrate, crystalline islands evolve such that their size drops to as small as 1 nm in the topmost luminescence material. Although the topmost luminescent layer is very rich in nanocrystallites, it has the strongest diffuse scattering of all regions. This confirms that diffuse scattering is due to size reduction effects rather than to an amorphous state.
Demodulation of DPSK signals up to 40 gb/s using a highly birefringent photonic bandgap fiber (2006)

Phase-to-intensity modulation conversion of differential phase-shift keying signals is successfully demonstrated at 10 and 40 Gb/s using a polarization Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer implemented with only 2.4 m of a highly birefringent air-guiding photonic bandgap (PBG) fiber. Such a PBG fiber exhibits a birefringence one order of magnitude larger than that of conventional polarization-maintaining fibers, thus enabling the realization of compact interferometers. Furthermore, its single material nature is expected to result in reduced temperature sensitivity.