gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed-Precision Deep Learning Based on Computational Memory (2020)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence and have achieved unprecedented success in cognitive tasks such as image and speech recognition. Training of large DNNs, however, is computationally intensive and this has motivated the search for novel computing architectures targeting this application. A computational memory unit with nanoscale resistive memory devices organized in crossbar arrays could store the synaptic weights in their conductance states and perform the expensive weighted summations in place in a non-von Neumann manner. However, updating the conductance states in a reliable manner during the weight update process is a fundamental challenge that limits the training accuracy of such an implementation. Here, we propose a mixed-precision architecture that combines a computational memory unit performing the weighted summations and imprecise conductance updates with a digital processing unit that accumulates the weight updates in high precision. A combined hardware/software training experiment of a multilayer perceptron based on the proposed architecture using a phase-change memory (PCM) array achieves 97.73% test accuracy on the task of classifying handwritten digits (based on the MNIST dataset), within 0.6% of the software baseline. The architecture is further evaluated using accurate behavioral models of PCM on a wide class of networks, namely convolutional neural networks, long-short-term-memory networks, and generative-adversarial networks. Accuracies comparable to those of floating-point implementations are achieved without being constrained by the non-idealities associated with the PCM devices. A system-level study demonstrates 172 × improvement in energy efficiency of the architecture when used for training a multilayer perceptron compared with a dedicated fully digital 32-bit implementation.
1000-fold enhancement in proton conductivity of a MOF using post-synthetically anchored proton transporters (2016)

Pyridinol, a coordinating zwitter-ionic species serves as stoichiometrically loadable and non-leachable proton carrier. The partial replacement of the pyridinol by stronger hydrogen bonding, coordinating guest, ethylene glycol (EG), offers 1000-fold enhancement in conductivity (10(-6) to 10(-3) Scm(-1)) with record low activation energy (0.11 eV). Atomic modeling coupled with (13)C-SSNMR provides insights into the potential proton conduction pathway functionalized with post-synthetically anchored dynamic proton transporting EG moieties.
Low Erythrocyte Levels of Proteasome and Acyl-Peptide Hydrolase (APEH) Activities in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Sign of Defective Proteostasis? (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that is the main cause of dementia. To date, there are no definitive diagnostic tests that can predict or assess onset and progression of the disease. Blood biomarkers for AD are being sought for many years but their identification remains a challenging task. In this study, we investigated the potential relationship between AD and levels of acyl-peptide hydrolase (APEH) and proteasome in erythrocyte samples of 52 participants (26 AD and 26 cognitively healthy controls). A statistically significant decrease in proteasome and exopeptidase/endopeptidase APEH activities was found in AD samples compared to those of healthy controls. Moreover, in contrast to what was observed for proteasome transcripts, APEH activities reduction in AD patients was unrelated to its gene expression levels, suggesting the occurrence of posttranslational modifications or the expression of endogenous inhibitors that might impair enzyme activity. These preliminary data further support a relationship between the APEH-proteasome system and AD molecular players, providing the first evidence of its potential use as a novel blood-based indicator for the routine detection of AD.
Transcatheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Long‐term results and clinical outcomes (2021)

RFCA of AF in HCM patients is an effective and safe strategy favoring long-term SR maintenance, reduction of atrial arrhythmic events, and improved functional status. However, most patients need repeat procedures and continuation of antiarrhythmic drugs.
Neural Head Avatars from Monocular RGB Videos (2021)

We present Neural Head Avatars, a novel neural representation that explicitly models the surface geometry and appearance of an animatable human avatar that can be used for teleconferencing in AR/VR or other applications in the movie or games industry that rely on a digital human. Our representation can be learned from a monocular RGB portrait video that features a range of different expressions and views. Specifically, we propose a hybrid representation consisting of a morphable model for the coarse shape and expressions of the face, and two feed-forward networks, predicting vertex offsets of the underlying mesh as well as a view- and expression-dependent texture. We demonstrate that this representation is able to accurately extrapolate to unseen poses and view points, and generates natural expressions while providing sharp texture details. Compared to previous works on head avatars, our method provides a disentangled shape and appearance model of the complete human head (including hair) that is compatible with the standard graphics pipeline. Moreover, it quantitatively and qualitatively outperforms current state of the art in terms of reconstruction quality and novel-view synthesis.
Influence of volcanic ash, rice husk ash, and solid residue of catalytic pyrolysis on the flame-retardant properties of polypropylene composites (2019)

This research determines whether the materials of volcanic ash (CV), rice husk ash (CR), and thermally treated solid waste (RS-T), coming from the pyrolysis of plastics, have some flame-retardant effect when added to polypropylene flame-retardant additives (such as ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol). These materials were characterized by specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption analysis (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction methods. It was determined that SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 are considered as flame-retardant minerals. Composites composed of polypropylene, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and these materials at several concentrations, from 1% to 9%, were prepared. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the composites synthesized were investigated based on the limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry. It was determined that these materials have a synergistic action with flame-retardant additives by increasing the fireproof properties of polypropylene. Mechanical properties were determined by tensile tests.
Mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis (2004)

In view of the emerging body of evidence pointing to a potential therapeutic utility of stem cell technology, it is not surprising that local delivery of mesenchymal stem cells has been explored as a therapeutic approach in animal models of osteoarthritis.
Label-Free Digital Detection of Intact Virions by Enhanced Scattering Microscopy (2021)

Several applications in health diagnostics, food, safety, and environmental monitoring require rapid, simple, selective, and quantitatively accurate viral load monitoring. Here, we introduce the first label-free biosensing method that rapidly detects and quantifies intact virus in human saliva with single-virion resolution. Using pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 as a representative target, we immobilize aptamers with the ability to differentiate active from inactive virions on a photonic crystal, where the virions are captured through affinity with the spike protein displayed on the outer surface. Once captured, the intrinsic scattering of the virions is amplified and detected through interferometric imaging. Our approach analyzes the motion trajectory of each captured virion, enabling highly selective recognition against nontarget virions, while providing a limit of detection of 1 × 10<sup>3</sup> copies/mL at room temperature. The approach offers an alternative to enzymatic amplification assays for point-of-collection diagnostics.
Investigation of Austenite Evolution in Low-Carbon Steel by Combining Thermo-Mechanical Simulation and EBSD Data (2015)

Abstract The thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble 3800 was used in combination with the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique to analyze the austenite microstructure evolution during hot deformation in a low-carbon, microalloyed steel. The parent austenite grain structure was automatically reconstructed from EBSD datasets by applying the commercially available ARPGE software [Cayron, C., Artaud, B., and Briottet, L., “Reconstruction of Parent Grains from EBSD Data,” Mater. Charact., Vol. 57, Nos. 4–5, 2006, pp. 386–401]. The work aims at two aspects: the ability to quantify the austenite evolution depending on different process parameters, and the validation of the EBSD reconstruction software ARPGE to evaluate the accuracy of reconstruction and demonstrating the application in low-carbon steels. For these steels, the conventional metallographic methods like Bechet-Beaujard [Bechet, S. and Beaujard, L., “Nouveau réactif pour la mise en évidence micrographique du grain austénitique des aciers trempés ou trempés-revenus,” Rev. Met., 1955] are limited and not reproducible in determining the former austenite. The presented approach provides an attractive alternative. In this context, hot compression tests were performed on cylindrical samples using a Gleeble 3800 simulator to create defined austenite conditions. The samples were rapidly quenched after processing to preserve the austenite microstructure. The obtained bainitic/martensitic microstructure is an essential precondition for the reconstruction procedure. For the validation of the results, correlative measurements using classical metallographic techniques and ARPGE data were performed to check the reliability of the reconstruction. The results obtained in this study provide a direct correlation of the microstructure simulation by Gleeble and the austenite microstructure evolution during processing of low-carbon steels. Especially, austenite grain-growth phenomena and grain refinement could be successfully observed and quantified. Furthermore, the measurements show that even on large EBSD maps (1000 μm × 1000 μm), the shape of the austenite grains are calculated with good accuracy.
TH-AB-204-11: X-Ray Fluorescence CT Induced by Proton Beam: Experiments and Simulations (2015)

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of x-ray fluorescence computed tomography induced with proton beams (pXFCT) for imaging of gold contrast agent by means of experiments and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Methods: A 7-cm diameter water phantom containing 2.2-cm diameter vials filled with gold solutions of 3–5% Au (percent weight concentration) was imaged with pXFCT using a 7-mm FWHM 220-MeV proton beam and a 3×3mm2 CdTe photon-counting detector. The phantom was imaged in 1st generation CT scanner geometry using a programmable rotation/translation stage and 21 translation steps separated by 3.3 mm and 36 rotation steps in 10° intervals. Each of the 756 x-ray spectra was acquired for 20 s using 5×101⁰ incident protons with the CdTe detector placed at 45 cm from the isocenter and at 90° with respect to the proton beam. The 220 MeV proton beam was stopped in a solid water beam dump and the total imaging time was 4.2 hours. The experimental pXFCT data acquisition geometry was modeled based on the actual and a simplified geometry with the TOPAS MC code. pXFCT images were reconstructed based on experimental and MC-simulated x-ray spectra with filtered back-projection using Kα peaks of gold. Results: All gold vials were visible in both the experimental and simulated pXFCT images. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the 3% Au vial was 5.8 and 11.5 in the experimental and simulated pXFCT image, respectively. pXFCT detection limit of the experimental setup was determined to be 1.8% Au, which was twice as high as the MC-simulated detection limit. Further MC simulations revealed that x-ray scatter from the beam dump was the main contribution to x-ray fluorescence signal contamination. Conclusion: We have demonstrated the feasibility of proton-induced XFCT imaging of gold. We anticipate that pXFCT imaging sensitivity will be improved in an optimized pXFCT imaging system utilizing beam collimation.
Experimental study of the formation of nonlinear acoustic waves in focused beams (2007)

The shock wave formation in focused beams produced by spherical hydroacoustic transducers with different apertures and an operating frequency of 3 MHz, as well as in weakly divergent high-intensity beams of the same frequency, is studied experimentally. The profiles of the received signals are analyzed for different receiving points in the acoustic beam and for different combinations of nonlinear and diffraction effects. It is found that the distortion of the initial waveform (i.e., of the compression and rarefaction phases) is asymmetric. The asymmetry of the wave profile in a focused beam is more pronounced than that in a quasi-plane wave while the asymmetric distortion of the high-frequency carrier causes an asymmetric distortion of the pulse envelope. The angular characteristics of the difference-frequency waves produced by parametric sound radiators are compared using both focused and weakly divergent beams of pump waves. The experiments also show that the appearance of a bubbly phase screen in the region before the point of the shock formation either shifts this point to greater distances or makes the discontinuity formation impossible. Results illustrating the changes that occur in the shock wave characteristics when the bubbly phase screen is placed in the region of the fully developed shock are presented.
Detecting and dissecting signaling crosstalk via the multilayer network integration of signaling and regulatory interactions (2022)

Abstract The versatility of cellular response arises from the communication, or crosstalk, of signaling pathways in a complex network of signaling and transcriptional regulatory interactions. Understanding the various mechanisms underlying crosstalk on a global scale requires untargeted computational approaches. We present a network-based statistical approach, MuXTalk, that uses high-dimensional edges called multilinks to model the unique ways in which signaling and regulatory interactions can interface. We demonstrate that the signaling-regulatory interface is located primarily in the intermediary region between signaling pathways where crosstalk occurs, and that multilinks can differentiate between distinct signaling-transcriptional mechanisms. Using statistically over-represented multilinks as proxies of crosstalk, we predict crosstalk among 60 signaling pathways, expanding currently available crosstalk databases by more than five-fold. MuXTalk surpasses existing methods in terms of prediction performance, identifies additions to manual curation efforts, and pinpoints potential mediators of crosstalk for each prediction. Moreover, it accommodates the inherent context-dependence of crosstalk, allowing future applications to cell type- and disease-specific crosstalk.
The center for research and education on accessible technology and experiences (CREATE) (2021)

In an era of rapidly evolving technology and increasing interconnection, full participation in society depends on the successful use of technology. Thus, to ensure equity and participation for people with disabilities, technology must be accessible - we must create and adapt interactive systems to improve access to technology and to the world at large. The University of Washington Center for Research and Education on Accessible Technology and Experiences (CREATE) is dedicated to propelling accessible technology research and education from incremental improvements to paradigm-shifting breakthroughs that enable greater inclusion and participation for people of all abilities.
Near-Infrared Imaging of Artificial Enamel Caries Lesions with a Scanning Fiber Endoscope (2019)

Several studies have shown that near-infrared imaging has great potential for the detection of dental caries lesions. A miniature scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) operating at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths was developed and used in this study to test whether the device could be used to discriminate demineralized enamel from sound enamel. Varying depths of artificial enamel caries lesions were prepared on 20 bovine blocks with smooth enamel surfaces. Samples were imaged with a SFE operating in the reflectance mode at 1310-nm and 1460-nm in both wet and dry conditions. The measurements acquired by the SFE operating at 1460-nm show significant difference between the sound and the demineralized enamel. There was a moderate positive correlation between the SFE measurements and micro-CT measurements, and the NIR SFE was able to detect the presence of demineralization with high sensitivity (0.96) and specificity (0.85). This study demonstrates that the NIR SFE can be used to detect early demineralization from sound enamel. In addition, the NIR SFE can differentiate varying severities of demineralization. With its very small form factor and maneuverability, the NIR SFE should allow clinicians to easily image teeth from multiple viewing angles in real-time.
Neurological status of language‐impaired and normal children (1981)

The performance on a neurological test battery of 33 language-impaired children who had no gross neurological findings and 37 normal children controlled for age, performance IQ, and socioeconomic status was compared. The language-impaired group was distinguished by less efficient performance in a number of areas, particularly in tasks involving involving rate of movement, perception of dichhaptic stimuli, and left-right identification. Discriminant function analysis identified six variables that correctly classified 87% of the population into their respective normal and language-impaired groups.
Establishing the Validity of Compressed Sensing Diffusion Spectrum Imaging (2023)

Diffusion Spectrum Imaging (DSI) using dense Cartesian sampling of <i>q</i>-space has been shown to provide important advantages for modeling complex white matter architecture. However, its adoption has been limited by the lengthy acquisition time required. Sparser sampling of <i>q</i>-space combined with compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction techniques has been proposed as a way to reduce the scan time of DSI acquisitions. However prior studies have mainly evaluated CS-DSI in post-mortem or non-human data. At present, the capacity for CS-DSI to provide accurate and reliable measures of white matter anatomy and microstructure in the living human brain remains unclear. We evaluated the accuracy and inter-scan reliability of 6 different CS-DSI schemes that provided up to 80% reductions in scan time compared to a full DSI scheme. We capitalized on a dataset of twenty-six participants who were scanned over eight independent sessions using a full DSI scheme. From this full DSI scheme, we subsampled images to create a range of CS-DSI images. This allowed us to compare the accuracy and inter-scan reliability of derived measures of white matter structure (bundle segmentation, voxel-wise scalar maps) produced by the CS-DSI and the full DSI schemes. We found that CS-DSI estimates of both bundle segmentations and voxel-wise scalars were nearly as accurate and reliable as those generated by the full DSI scheme. Moreover, we found that the accuracy and reliability of CS-DSI was higher in white matter bundles that were more reliably segmented by the full DSI scheme. As a final step, we replicated the accuracy of CS-DSI in a prospectively acquired dataset (n=20, scanned once). Together, these results illustrate the utility of CS-DSI for reliably delineating <i>in vivo</i> white matter architecture in a fraction of the scan time, underscoring its promise for both clinical and research applications.
Prospective, Randomized Comparison of Cervical Total Disk Replacement Versus Anterior Cervical Fusion (2014)

Significant improvements were observed in pain and function. TDR patients maintained motion and had significantly lower rates of reoperation and adjacent-segment degeneration compared with ACDF. This study supports the safety and efficacy of TDR in appropriately selected patients.
Auto-Partitioning Heterogeneous Task-Parallel Programs with StreamBlocks (2022)

FPGAs play an increasing role in the reconfigurable accelerator landscape. A key challenge in designing FPGA-based systems is partitioning computation between processor cores and FPGAs. An appropriate division of labor is difficult to predict in advance and requires experiments and measurements. When an investigation requires rewriting part of the system in a new language or with a new programming model, its high cost can delay design-space exploration. A single-language system with an appropriate programming model and compiler that targets both platforms transforms this tedious exploration to a simple recompile with new compiler directives.
A corticoid synthesis from 9α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione via a steroidal oxazoline (1992)

N. I. Carruthers, D. R. Andrews, S. Garshasb and R. A. Giusto, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 1195 DOI: 10.1039/P19920001195
Insights into centriole biogenesis and evolution revealed by cryoTomography of doublet and triplet centrioles (2018)

Abstract Centrioles are cylindrical assemblies comprised of 9 singlet, doublet, or triplet microtubules, essential for the formation of motile and sensory cilia. While the structure of the cilium is being defined at increasing resolution, centriolar structure remains poorly understood. Here, we used electron cryo-tomography to determine the structure of mammalian (triplet) and Drosophila (doublet) centrioles at 25 Å resolution. Mammalian centrioles have two distinct domains: a 200 nm proximal core region connected by A-C linkers, and a distal domain where the C-tubule is incomplete and a pair of novel linkages stabilize the assembly producing a geometry more closely resembling the ciliary axoneme. Drosophila centrioles more closely resemble the mammalian core, but with their doublets linked through A tubules. The commonality of core region length, and the abrupt transition in mammalian centrioles, suggests a conserved length-setting mechanism. The unexpected linker diversity suggests how unique centriolar architectures arise in different tissues and organisms.
A Method of Threat Analysis for Cyber-Physical System using Vulnerability Databases (2018)

Safety and security are major issues for cyber-physical systems. We propose a threat analysis method effective for the design stage of a safety-critical cyber-physical system, utilizing the fact that similar systems tend to have co-occurrence in the way of their chain in vulnerability. We first utilize a vulnerability database to express known cyber-attack cases on the Fault Tree- Attack Tree (FT-AT). Second, the method uses FT-AT as a kind of teacher data for similar system threat analysis and uses it to find new attacks in similar systems. This makes it possible to efficiently support system design that tries to implement safety and security. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated by example applications to previously reported attacks on Tesla and Cherokee.