gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inductive Power Transfer Efficiency Limit of a Flat Half-Filled Disc Coil Pair (2018)

The efficiency limit for an inductive power transfer between two flat half-filled disc coils is derived based on a model for the eddy current losses in the coils and the losses due to electromagnetic radiation. Analytic approximations for the coupling factor of the coils and eddy current losses are proposed and experimentally verified. It is shown that the approximative terms allow us to express the maximum efficiency of the coil pair analytically. If the strand diameter of the coil is sufficiently small, the efficiency depends only on the strand diameter, diameter of the coils, and the gap between the coils-but not on the operating frequency. Therefore, increasing the frequency does not result in higher efficiency but allows to reduce the coil thickness.
Surface Composition of Amorphous and Crystallizable Polyethylene Blends As Measured by Static SIMS (1996)

The surface composition of several thin-film semicrystalline polyolefin blends is quantified using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). These experiments indicate that the component having the lower crystallinity migrates to the free surface so that the degree of crystallinity is an important factor along with the local polymer−polymer interaction and chain stiffness in determining the surface segregation in polymer blends. Specifically, a systematic study involving mixtures of amorphous polymers [poly(ethylethylene) (PEE), poly(ethylenepropylene) (PEP), and poly(ethylene-co-(1-dodecene)) (EC12)] with semicrystalline model polyethylenes (PE) having various densities (crystalline content) showed the greatest degree of surface enrichment for the amorphous polymers PEE and EC12 and to a lesser degree PEP. The degree of surface segregation for the PE materials, was higher for the lower density materials which have a higher amorphous content. Surface enrichment of amorphous component as high as 50-fold was observed. SIMS measurements thus show a definite heirarchy in the degree of surface enrichment according to the degree of crystallinity as well as the relative chain stiffness of the blend components in these model polymer systems.
Lowering the Reset Current and Power Consumption of Phase-Change Memories with Carbon-Doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (2012)

In this paper, a detailed investigation of the electrical performances of Phase-Change Memory test devices integrating carbon-doped Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (named GST-C) is reported. PCM devices with 5% of carbon atomic content yields more than 50% of current reduction compared to reference GST devices, with a programming window widely superior to two orders of magnitude and a cycling endurance up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> cycles. The reset current reduction is finally validated on shrinked "μ-Wall" test devices, proving that carbon- doped GST is a high promising material for future PCM technology.
Junction Termination Extension Implementing Drive-in Diffusion of Boron for High-Voltage SiC Devices (2010)

A novel method of graded junction termination extension (JTE) formation for high-voltage 4H-SiC power devices is presented. Unlike conventional multiimplantation or tapered thickness mask approaches utilizing several photolithography steps, the new termination technique utilizes a single mask with window areas varied laterally away from the main junction, a single-step boron implantation, and drive-in diffusion at elevated temperature. Numerical device simulations have been performed for the initial JTE structure and mask optimization. 4H-SiC p-i-n rectifiers with an active area of 1 mm × 1 mm were fabricated and characterized. The fabricated devices exhibited 2.5-kV blocking voltage, which is close to the theoretical value of an ideal parallel-plane p-n junction.
Performance analysis of synchronization communication protocols for real-time multimedia services (2002)

Synchronisation has an important role in maintaining the quality of service (QoS) of multimedia services transmitted over broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). In the real-time delivery of multimedia data streams over networks, the interruption of continuity in a single media stream and the mismatching of the data within the same time interval in multimedia data streams transferred in parallel on different channels are considered as the most serious synchronization problems. To handle those problems, several mechanisms such as synchronization marker, synchronization channel, and segmentation method are proposed. Those mechanisms are analyzed and compared by computer simulation. According to the simulation results, it is shown that not only the the segmentation method but also the synchronization channel method are superior to the synchronization marker method in view of the real-time transmission and quality of service. However, the segmentation method is superior to the synchronization channel method with respect to channel utilization.
Figure S5-S6 from Expression of Adipocyte/Macrophage Fatty Acid–Binding Protein in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Breast Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5 analyzes distinct subsets of macrophages in WT and A-FABP-/- mice. Figure S6 shows the impact of A-FABP expression on cytokine expression in different subsets of macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;
InGaN-based flexible light emitting diodes (2017)

Novel layer release and transfer technology of single-crystalline GaN semiconductors is attractive for enabling many novel applications including flexible photonics and hybrid device integration. To date, light emitting diode (LED) research has been primarily focused on rigid devices due to the thick growth substrate. This prevented fundamental research in flexible inorganic LEDs, and limited the applications of LEDs in the solid state lighting (due to the substrate cost) and in biophotonics (i.e. optogenetics) (due to LED rigidness). In the literature, a number of methods to achieve layer transfer have been reported including the laser lift-off, chemical lift-off, and Smartcut. However, the release of films of LED layers (i.e. GaN semiconductors) has been challenging since their elastic moduli and chemical resistivity are much higher than most conventional semiconductors. In this talk, we are going to review the existing technologies and new mechanical release techniques (i.e. spalling) to overcome these problems.
Enhancing Liquid Hydrocarbon Pipeline Leak Detection Using Instrumented Aerial Surveillance (2014)

Suncor Energy Inc. contacted Synodon as part of an effort to enhance pipeline leak detection. Ideally, Suncor needed a technology that could detect natural gas as well as liquid hydrocarbon releases. Synodon’s new technology is an aircraft mounted gas remote sensing instrument that has been used for detecting leaks from natural gas pipelines for over four (4) years and was expanding their capability to include liquid hydrocarbons. This paper will describe the steps that Suncor and Synodon have taken over the last two years to develop and validate this detection technology. Synodon completed a number of studies including laboratory and field tests that demonstrated the ability of Synodon’s technology to remotely detect ground-level plumes of vapours released from a liquid hydrocarbon pipeline. Synodon conducted full atmospheric analytic modeling followed by laboratory measurements to determine the level of sensitivity of its instrument measurement to both methane and various liquid hydrocarbon vapors including gasoline, condensates and synthetic crude oil. Suncor participated in the development of test methodology and field execution in order to witness and validate the results. Based on this work, Suncor has determined an optimum inspection frequency based on theoretical spill size, SCADA leak detection thresholds and conventional aerial patrol constraints. The results and conclusions of this work will be presented.
Viral Genome Analysis and Knowledge Management (2012)

One of the challenges of genetic data analysis is to combine information from sources that are distributed around the world and accessible through a wide array of different methods and interfaces. The HIV database and its footsteps, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hemorrhagic fever virus (HFV) databases, have made it their mission to make different data types easily available to their users. This involves a large amount of behind-the-scenes processing, including quality control and analysis of the sequences and their annotation. Gene and protein sequences are distilled from the sequences that are stored in GenBank; to this end, both submitter annotation and script-generated sequences are used. Alignments of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences are generated, manually curated, distilled into an alignment model, and regenerated in an iterative cycle that results in ever better new alignments. Annotation of epidemiological and clinical information is parsed, checked, and added to the database. User interfaces are updated, and new interfaces are added based upon user requests. Vital for its success, the database staff are heavy users of the system, which enables them to fix bugs and find opportunities for improvement. In this chapter we describe some of the infrastructure that keeps these heavily used analysis platforms alive and vital after nearly 25 years of use. The database/analysis platforms described in this chapter can be accessed at http://hiv.lanl.gov http://hcv.lanl.gov http://hfv.lanl.gov.
Importance of the C‐terminal α‐helical structure for glucagon's biological activity (1988)

The synthetic glucagon analogues [Glu21]glucagon, 2, and [Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon, 3, were designed using Chou-Fasman calculations for the purpose of enhancing the probability for the formation of a C-terminal amphipathic alpha-helical conformation. Circular dichroism indicates increased alpha-helical content for these analogues in solution relative to glucagon. Analogues 2 and 3 also exhibit a 3-fold and 5-fold increase in receptor binding potency, respectively. The adenylate cyclase stimulating potencies of 2 and 3 relative to glucagon are 2.1 and 7 times greater, respectively. Attempts were made at further alpha-helical enhancement by further substitutions in the 10-13 region of glucagon, as represented by the glucagon analogues [Phe13,Lys17,18 Glu21]glucagon, 4, and [Phe10,13,Lys17,18,Glu21]glucagon, 5. These latter substitutions resulted in lowered receptor binding and adenylate cyclase potencies for 4 and 5 relative to 3 despite increased alpha-helical content in solution as observed by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Towards the development of a fluorescent in situ hybridization based genotoxicologic assay for aneuploidy detection in sperm. (1995)

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique which allows an analysis of chromosome copy number in interphase cells. The cytological examination of spermatozoa is routinely performed as part of semen analysis. While this analysis is only a component of the evaluation of an infertile male, the aetiology of many cases of infertility remains unknown. FISH on semen smears can yield information on chromosome-specific aneuploidy due to constitutional and acquired chromosomal abnormalities as found with cancer or exposure to genotoxic substances. The ability to analyse germ cells directly is a useful adjunct to GTG-banding analysis of meiotic chromosomes, an invasive and extremely labour-intensive procedure. The work of 2 years in developing and optimizing a FISH-based assay in routinely processed semen smears is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Antimicrobial Assessment of 2‐Thioether‐linked Quinolonyl‐carbapenems. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of an Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer for Measurement of Concentration Gradients in a Binary Mixture (2004)

This paper describes the construction and performance of an Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer (ESPI) developed for measurements of concentration gradients in a binary mixture. The system uses a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a commercially available CCD camera for image acquisition. A phase-shifting algorithm is employed to give full field measurements. The theoretical background to the optical process involved in these methods is also presented, with emphasis on using the system for analysing concentration gradients. Problems pertaining to the unknown Gladstone-Dale constants of a binary mixture are also discussed.
PE-171 : Is There Any Difference between Abo-Incompatible and Abo-Compatible Liver Transplantation?: Oncologic Aspect (2017)

Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) is increasing treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in East Asia. Over-immunosuppression is risk factor for oncologic outcome after transplantation and the recurrent HCC is the major cause of graft failure and patient death. But, there are few report comparing the recurrence of HCC after ABO-incompatible (ABOi) LT and ABO-compatible (ABOc) LT. We analyzed post-transplantation recurrence survival of HCC after ABOi and ABOc liver transplantation.
Methods: A total 115 recipients with HCC who underwent liver transplantation between January 2010 and December 2015 in Severance hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Among 115 patients, 23 patients underwent ABOi LT. We compared the characteristics and recurrence free survival of HCC after ABOi and ABOc liver LT.
Results: There was no significant difference of characteristics between ABOc and ABOi LT. Among 115 patients, 16.3% of patients underwent ABOc LT and 30.4% of patients underwent ABOi LT were recurred. One and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates were 87.9% and 82.1% for the ABOc LT group and 82.4% and 72.9% for the ABOi LT, respectively. When we performed multivariate analysis, high AFP level was the only independent risk factor for HCC recurrence.
Conclusions: The HCC recurrence survival of ABOi LT were comparable to those of ABOc LT. ABO-incompatible liver transplantation is safe and feasible for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
Orca: Progressive Learning from Complex Explanation Traces of GPT-4 (2023)

Recent research has focused on enhancing the capability of smaller models through imitation learning, drawing on the outputs generated by large foundation models (LFMs). A number of issues impact the quality of these models, ranging from limited imitation signals from shallow LFM outputs; small scale homogeneous training data; and most notably a lack of rigorous evaluation resulting in overestimating the small model's capability as they tend to learn to imitate the style, but not the reasoning process of LFMs. To address these challenges, we develop Orca (We are working with our legal team to publicly release a diff of the model weights in accordance with LLaMA's release policy to be published at https://aka.ms/orca-lm), a 13-billion parameter model that learns to imitate the reasoning process of LFMs. Orca learns from rich signals from GPT-4 including explanation traces; step-by-step thought processes; and other complex instructions, guided by teacher assistance from ChatGPT. To promote this progressive learning, we tap into large-scale and diverse imitation data with judicious sampling and selection. Orca surpasses conventional state-of-the-art instruction-tuned models such as Vicuna-13B by more than 100% in complex zero-shot reasoning benchmarks like Big-Bench Hard (BBH) and 42% on AGIEval. Moreover, Orca reaches parity with ChatGPT on the BBH benchmark and shows competitive performance (4 pts gap with optimized system message) in professional and academic examinations like the SAT, LSAT, GRE, and GMAT, both in zero-shot settings without CoT; while trailing behind GPT-4. Our research indicates that learning from step-by-step explanations, whether these are generated by humans or more advanced AI models, is a promising direction to improve model capabilities and skills.
CHARACTERIZATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY USING SWEPT SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (2016)

Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography is effective at detecting vascular network that correlate to conventional angiography in eyes with t-AMD and PCV. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography is inferior to indocyanine green angiography in detecting polyps and cannot replace indocyanine green angiography for differentiating PCV from t-AMD; however, SS-OCT-A may be more sensitive than SD-OCT in detecting early recurrence.
Investigation of Vanadium Oxides Prepared by Ion Exchange (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Correction: The angiogenic inhibitor long pentraxin PTX3 forms an asymmetric octamer with two binding sites for FGF2. (2020)

VOLUME 285 (2010) PAGES 17681–17692 There was an error in Fig. 4B. The C_PTX3 lane from the NR gel was inadvertently duplicated from the R gel. This error has now been corrected and does not affect the results or conclusions of this work.
Fiber-Optic Separation and Compression of Gain-Switched Multimode Semiconductor Laser Pulses (1990)

Separation and compression of pulses from a gain-switched multimode semiconductor laser are achieved by using a dispersion-shifted fiber. The evolution of the pulse waveform is analyzed by an improved expression of diode laser chirp, suitable for large signal modulation. A brief discussion is made on the possible application of this technique to a novel hybrid time/wavelength division multiplexing scheme for fiber-optic signal transmission.
Distinctive features of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells predict recovery from severe COVID-19 (2021)

Although T cells are likely players in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity, little is known about the phenotypic features of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells associated with recovery from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyze T cells from 34 individuals with COVID-19 with severity ranging from mild (outpatient) to critical, culminating in death. Relative to individuals who succumbed, individuals who recovered from severe COVID-19 harbor elevated and increasing numbers of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells capable of homeostatic proliferation. In contrast, fatal COVID-19 cases display elevated numbers of SARS-CoV-2-specific regulatory T cells and a time-dependent escalation in activated bystander CXCR4<sup>+</sup> T cells, as assessed by longitudinal sampling. Together with the demonstration of increased proportions of inflammatory CXCR4<sup>+</sup> T cells in the lungs of individuals with severe COVID-19, these results support a model where lung-homing T cells activated through bystander effects contribute to immunopathology, whereas a robust, non-suppressive SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response limits pathogenesis and promotes recovery from severe COVID-19.
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH FOUNDATION BIOSOLIDS ODOR EMISSIONS RESEARCH PROGRAM (2002)

WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH FOUNDATION BIOSOLIDS ODOR EMISSIONS RESEARCH PROGRAMThis paper reports on the progress of Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) Project # 00-HHE-5 – Identifying and Controlling the Municipal Wastewater Odor Environment. The project recently completed a comprehensive literature review of both published literature and unpublished gray literature that examine odor emissions from wastewater treatment plant processes, including collection...Author(s)Lawrence H. HentzBrian M. BalchunasGregory M. AdamsRon HargreavesJay WitherspoonRobert ForbesSudhir MurthySourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 4 Emissions from Biosolids Processing and Composting FacilitiesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2002ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20020101)2002:5L.330;1-DOI10.2175/193864702785140294Volume / Issue2002 / 5Content sourceOdors and Air Pollutants ConferenceFirst / last page(s)330 - 343Copyright2002Word count217
Innovation and Covid-19: Food for Thought on the Future of Innovation (2021)

Virtually all areas of life were plunged into crisis when the Covid-19 pandemic struck in 2020. While innovation offers paths out of the crisis, many aspects of innovation are themselves feeling the effects of it. Against this backdrop, the question is how the Covid-19 pandemic will impact the future of innovation. In the following section, we will examine this by reviewing the “Understanding Change, Shaping the Future. Impulses for the Future of Innovation” paper in a pandemic context. Starting with the relevant trends for innovation systems identified in 2018, and the theses developed on this basis, we would once again like to take you forward in time to 2030. From this vantage point we will look back on the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on innovation systems and examine the resulting opportunities and risks in more detail. Among the trends considered relevant for innovation systems were the digital transformation, the growing complexity of innovation systems, the continuously expanding stakeholder base, a more frequent use of Open Science approaches, and a trend towards the development of holistic and systemic solutions.
Unbiased screen for interactors of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 supports a common pathway for sporadic and familial Parkinson disease (2014)

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause inherited Parkinson disease (PD), and common variants around LRRK2 are a risk factor for sporadic PD. Using protein-protein interaction arrays, we identified BCL2-associated athanogene 5, Rab7L1 (RAB7, member RAS oncogene family-like 1), and Cyclin-G-associated kinase as binding partners of LRRK2. The latter two genes are candidate genes for risk for sporadic PD identified by genome-wide association studies. These proteins form a complex that promotes clearance of Golgi-derived vesicles through the autophagy-lysosome system both in vitro and in vivo. We propose that three different genes for PD have a common biological function. More generally, data integration from multiple unbiased screens can provide insight into human disease mechanisms.