gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Antibody orientation at bacterial surfaces is related to invasive infection. (2013)

Several of the most significant bacterial pathogens in humans, including Streptococcus pyogenes, express surface proteins that bind IgG antibodies via their fragment crystallizable (Fc) region, and the dogma is that this protects the bacteria against phagocytic killing in blood. However, analysis of samples from a patient with invasive S. pyogenes infection revealed dramatic differences in the presence and orientation of IgG antibodies at the surface of bacteria from different sites. In the throat, IgG was mostly bound to the bacterial surface via Fc, whereas in the blood IgG was mostly bound via fragment antigen-binding (Fab). In infected and necrotic tissue, the Fc-binding proteins were removed from the bacterial surface. Further investigation showed that efficient bacterial IgGFc-binding occurs only in IgG-poor environments, such as saliva. As a consequence, the bacteria are protected against phagocytic killing, whereas in blood plasma where the concentration of IgG is high, the antibodies preferentially bind via Fab, facilitating opsonization and bacterial killing. IgG-poor environments represent the natural habitat for IgGFc-binding bacteria, and IgGFc-binding proteins may have evolved to execute their function in such environments. The lack of protection in plasma also helps to explain why cases of severe invasive infections with IgGFc-binding bacteria are so rare compared with superficial and uncomplicated infections. PMID: 23230002
Data from Cooperative Activity of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy with Antiangiogenic Thrombospondin-I Peptides, ABT-526 in Pet Dogs with Relapsed Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Thrombospondin-I (TSP-I) is a natural antiangiogenic protein that enhances apoptosis of activated endothelial cells. A modified nonapeptide from TSP-I, ABT-526, has been found to be active in mouse cancer models and in dogs with naturally occurring cancers. To further assist in the development of ABT-526, we report herein on its evaluation in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy in pet dogs with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Ninety-four pet dogs with naturally occurring first-relapse NHL were entered into a prospective randomized placebo controlled double-blinded trial of ABT-526 plus CeeNu (Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY) versus CeeNu alone. Endpoints included response rate, duration of response, time to progression, and incidence of toxicoses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; No significant ABT-526-specific toxicities were seen. CeeNu-associated toxicities, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, gastroenteritis, and elevated alanine transaminase, were similar. No significant difference in objective response rate was seen (ABT-526 + CeeNu versus placebo + CeeNu, 23/49 versus 23/37; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &gt; 0.25). Cooperative activity between ABT-526 and CeeNu chemotherapy was evident based on a significant increase in the median response duration of dogs receiving ABT-526 plus CeeNu compared with placebo plus CeeNu (35 versus 15 days; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The time to progression for responding cases was also significantly greater in dogs receiving ABT-526 plus CeeNu compared with placebo plus CeeNu (41 versus 21 days; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Results of this preclinical trial suggest that the activity of ABT-526 is sustained when combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy; furthermore, the activity seems to be associated with the maintenance of CeeNu-induced treatment responses. Further studies of TSP-I peptide antiangiogenic therapy in pet dogs and humans with NHL are warranted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effectiveness of high irradiance for short-time exposures on polymerization of composite under metal brackets (2017)

The use of high irradiance for a short time slightly reduced the DC. The small magnitude of reduction suggests that use of a high irradiance protocol is a clinically valid approach when bonding metal brackets.
H∞ Optimization of Fixed Structure Controllers (2000)

Abstract In this paper, the H∞ optimization problem of fixed structure linear controllers is considered. Applications of the problem include tuning of SISO (Single-Input Single-Output) PID (Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative) controller gains. The proposed algorithm starts with transformation of the original problems into a static output feedback controller synthesis problem, which does not impose any constraints on the controller structure except for its order. Unlike the full-order H∞ controller synthesis case, the H∞ optimization problem of static output feedback controllers cannot be reparameterized as a convex optimization problem. The cone complementarity linearization algorithm is used to overcome the nonconvexity problem due to the constraint on the controller order. The proposed algorithm is applied to the design of a SISO PID controller for head positioning of a magnetic hard disk drive.
Aptamers That Recognize the Lipid Moiety of the Antibiotic Moenomycin A (2003)

Moenomycin A is an amphiphilic phosphoglycolipid antibiotic that interferes with the transglycosylation step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The antibiotic consists of a branched pentasaccharide moiety, connected to the moenocinol lipid via a glycerophosphate linker. We have previously described the selection of aptamers that require the lipid group and the disaccharide epitopes of the oligosaccharide moiety for moenomycin binding. Here we report that the enriched moenomycin-binding library contains sequences that evolved for specific recognition of the unpolar lipid group of the antibiotic. These results suggest that the evolution of hydrophobic binding pockets in RNA molecules may be much more common than previously assumed.
Fiber-optic based in situ atomic spectroscopy for manufacturing of x-ray optics (2016)

The manufacturing of multilayer Laue (MLL) components for X-ray optics by physical vapor deposition (PVD) requires high precision and accuracy that presents a significant process control challenge. Currently, no process control system provides the accuracy, long-term stability and broad capability for adoption in the manufacturing of X-ray optics. In situ atomic absorption spectroscopy is a promising process control solution, capable of monitoring the deposition rate and chemical composition of extremely thin metal silicide films during deposition and overcoming many limitations of the traditional methods. A novel in situ PVD process control system for the manufacturing of high-precision thin films, based on combined atomic absorption/emission spectrometry in the vicinity of the deposited substrate, is described. By monitoring the atomic concentration in the plasma region independently from the film growth on the deposited substrate, the method allows deposition control of extremely thin films, compound thin films and complex multilayer structures. It provides deposition rate and film composition measurements that can be further utilized for dynamic feedback process control. The system comprises a reconfigurable hardware module located outside the deposition chamber with hollow cathode light sources and a fiber-optic-based frame installed inside the deposition chamber. Recent experimental results from in situ monitoring of Al and Si thin films deposited by DC and RF magnetron sputtering at a variety of plasma conditions and monitoring configurations are presented. The results validate the operation of the system in the deposition of compound thin films and provide a path forward for use in manufacturing of X-Ray optics.
Thermal Modelling of Silicon Photonic Ring Modulator with Substrate Undercut (2022)

Ring modulators for silicon photonic (SiPho) optical transceivers are extremely thermally sensitive and require thermal tuning for stable operation. This tuning is achieved with integrated heaters and in this work two aspects of the heaters are investigated: firstly, how to thermally model the heater-waveguide system in a SiPho ring modulator. Secondly, how to improve the energy efficiency by adapting the design in order to minimize the thermal tuning power consumed by the heater. Silicon substrate undercut (UCUT) is done in order to achieve out-of-plane thermal isolation and prevent heat flow directly into the Si substrate below the device. Introducing the UCUT increases the heater efficiency ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta _{h}$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) with a factor X3.08. It is shown that the influence of the UCUT cross section on the heater efficiency can be neglected, only the total area and metals significantly influence the thermal behaviour. Comparison between electro-thermal and pure thermal simulation shows very similar behaviour. Finally, the UCUT causes an increase in thermal time constant with factor X3.68.
The relationship between elution time and eluate volume using the Ultra-TechneKow DTE technetium-99m generator. (2000)

Our calculated elution time method can be used to predict the eluate volume from a UTK-DTE generator.
Epidemiology of Osteoporosis in an Isolated Sardinian Population by Using Quantitative Ultrasound (2011)

This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in a Sardinian isolated population using hand quantitative ultrasound and at investigating the associated factors. The authors utilized a subset of data from a large population-based epidemiologic survey carried out in the Ogliastra region of Sardinia between 2003 and 2008. The sample consists of 6,326 men and women aged ≥30 years, who underwent quantitative ultrasound at the phalanges, bioelectrical impedance, anthropometric measurements, blood tests, and a standardized epidemiologic questionnaire collecting sociodemographic, lifestyle, medical, physiologic, and pharmacologic data. The T-score thresholds for amplitude-dependent speed of sound of -3.2 standard deviations and between -3.2 and -1 standard deviations were used to diagnose osteoporosis and osteopenia, respectively. Prevalence of osteoporosis was 17.0% in women and 5.2% in men. Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors associated with osteoporosis were age, anthropometric and bioimpedance measures, alkaline phosphatase levels, and menopause in women. High education, exercise, and beer consumption seem to be protective factors, whereas a family history of osteoporosis is a risk factor. Results show that osteoporosis in this population is comparable with that found in different countries, suggesting that quantitative ultrasound could be used more widely to detect high-risk individuals for preventing osteoporotic fractures.
An ultralow phase noise 300 GHz wave based on optical frequency division via an integrated dissipative Kerr soliton comb (2021)

We demonstrate low phase noise 300 GHz wave generation through optical frequency division using an integrated dissipative Kerr soliton. The obtained phase noise at 10 kHz Fourier frequency, measured with a devised system, is -100 dBc/Hz.
(Invited) Periodically Oriented Gallium Nitride for Frequency Conversion (2016)

Gallium nitride is a semiconductor widely used in both optical and electronic devices. The polarity of GaN (+/- c-direction) influences many properties of the resultant material, including chemical reactivity and electric field in these ‘spontaneously polarized’ materials. By engineering inversion layers, we have demonstrated control of GaN polarity on both polar faces of GaN. By employing a selective growth method to deposit the IL, the lateral polarity of the GaN can be alternated, thus enabling structures referred to as periodically oriented (PO) GaN. We have shown such structures on both N-polar and Ga-polar native substrates by changing the IL material. On N-polar substrates, we demonstrated that optimization of the MOCVD growth rates resulted in sharp, vertical interfaces and smooth surfaces. This work has moved the technology substantially closer to practical non-linear optic emitters by using HVPE to extend the PO GaN templates on N-polar substrates to total thicknesses of up to 500 μm, while faithfully maintaining the pattern of alternating polarity. Additionally, cross-sectional cathode-luminescence (CL) imaging of such an extension shows that the large initial dislocation densities occurring in the original inversion layers greatly decreased after about 25 μm of regrowth. The results of phase matching experiments with these structures will be presented, with discussion on fabrication issues. These methods of GaN polarity inversion offer the promise of engineered materials with custom lateral and vertical polarity variations for applications in novel electronic and optoelectronic devices, a subset of which are expected to be suitable for non-linear optics.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination of Ethylene to a Complex with M‐M Triple Bonding: Bis(η2‐ethylene)hexakis(neopentyloxy)ditungsten. (1987)

Abstract The addition of ethylene (II) to the complex (I) yields the 1:2 Lewis acid‐base adduct (III) (no yield given).
Data from Gamma Secretase Inhibition by BMS-906024 Enhances Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Notch signaling is aberrantly activated in approximately one third of non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). We characterized the interaction between BMS-906024, a clinically relevant Notch gamma secretase inhibitor, and front-line chemotherapy in preclinical models of NSCLC. Chemosensitivity assays were performed on 14 human NSCLC cell lines. There was significantly greater synergy between BMS-906024 and paclitaxel than BMS-906024 and cisplatin [mean combination index (CI) value, 0.54 and 0.85, respectively, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01]. On an extended panel of 31 NSCLC cell lines, 25 of which were adenocarcinoma, the synergy between BMS-906024 and paclitaxel was significantly greater in KRAS- and BRAF-wildtype than KRAS- or BRAF-mutant cells (mean CI, 0.43 vs. 0.90, respectively; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003). Paclitaxel-induced Notch1 activation was associated with synergy between BMS-906024 and paclitaxel in the KRAS- or BRAF-mutant group. Knockdown of mutant KRAS increased the synergy between BMS-906024 and paclitaxel in heterozygous KRAS-mutant cell lines. Among KRAS- or BRAF-mutant NSCLC, there was a significant correlation between synergy and mutant or null TP53 status, as well as between synergy and a low H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; pathway signature. Exogenous overexpression of activated Notch1 or Notch3 had no effect on the enhanced sensitivity of NSCLC to paclitaxel by BMS-906024. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; studies with cell line– and patient-derived lung adenocarcinoma xenografts confirmed enhanced antitumor activity for BMS-906024 plus paclitaxel versus either drug alone via decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These results show that BMS-906024 sensitizes NSCLC to paclitaxel and that wild-type KRAS and BRAF status may predict better patient response to the combination therapy. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2759–69. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Observation of diffuse terahertz pulse propagation (2003)

We report the first observation of the diffusive propagation of single-cycle terahertz pulses in a random medium. Coherent detection permits characterization of the statistics of both the amplitude and phase of the random waveform.
Sensing the channel (2006)

A new class of abstract sensor networks is introduced and analyzed. The object of the sensing is the inter-node channel. Examples of systems which seek to sense the channel include: underwater sonar, radar and optics based atmospheric sensor networks. In these networks, the sensing and communication tasks share the bandwidth resource in addition to the sharing of power resources as has been conventionally studied in the sensor network framework. Bounds on distortion tradeoffs are developed for various protocols, such as source coding analogues of decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward and simple topologies such as two-hop networks (three node system).
Intraoperative Functional Ultrasound Imaging of Human Brain Activity (2017)

The functional mapping of brain activity is essential to perform optimal glioma surgery and to minimize the risk of postoperative deficits. We introduce a new, portable neuroimaging modality of the human brain based on functional ultrasound (fUS) for deep functional cortical mapping. Using plane-wave transmissions at an ultrafast frame rate (1 kHz), fUS is performed during surgery to measure transient changes in cerebral blood volume with a high spatiotemporal resolution (250 µm, 1 ms). fUS identifies, maps and differentiates regions of brain activation during task-evoked cortical responses within the depth of a sulcus in both awake and anaesthetized patients.
Optical Harmonic Generation in Nonuniform Gaseous Media (1984)

Harmonic generation in media of arbitrary density profiles is analyzed. A general expression for frequency upconversion in nonuniform gases (eg. jets, heat pipes) is presented. The effect of density profile on conversion efficiency optimization is considered.
TCP and MP-TCP in mmWave 5G Networks (2018)

Future 5G networks will likely include mmWave radio access communication links, because of their potential multi-gigabit-per-second capacity. However, these frequencies are characterized by very dynamic channel conditions which lead to wide fluctuations in the received signal quality. This article explains how the end-to-end user experience in mobile mmWave networks could be affected by a sub-optimal interaction between the most widely used transport protocol, TCP, and mmWave links. It also provides insights on the throughput-latency trade-off when Multipath TCP (MP-TCP) is used judiciously across various links (e.g., LTE and mmWave).
Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure in Male GH Transgenic Mice Is Age Dependent (2014)

Acromegaly is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Transgenic mice expressing bovine GH (bGH) gene have previously been used to examine the effects of chronic GH stimulation on cardiovascular function. Results concerning systolic blood pressure (SBP) in bGH mice are conflicting. We hypothesized that these discrepancies may be the result of the various ages of the mice used in previous studies. In the current study, SBP was assessed monthly in male bGH mice from 3-12 months of age. Factors known to alter blood pressure were assessed during this time and included: levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and glucose homeostasis markers, and renal levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Beginning at 6 months of age bGH had increased SBP compared with wild-type controls, which remained elevated through 12 months of age. Despite having increased blood pressure and cardiac BNP mRNA, bGH mice had decreased circulating levels of BNP. Additionally, bGH mice had an age-dependent decline in insulin levels. For example, they were hyperinsulinemic at 3 months, but by 11 months of age were hypoinsulinemic relative to wild-type controls. This decrease in insulin was accompanied by improved glucose tolerance at 11 months. Finally, both angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression were severely depressed in kidneys of 11-month-old bGH mice. These results indicate that elevated SBP in bGH mice is dependent on age, independent of insulin resistance, and related to alterations in both the natriuretic peptide and renin-angiotensin systems.
Evaluation of 5G Cell Densification for Autonomous Vehicles Positioning in Urban Settings (2021)

A key operational requirement for Autonomous vehicles (AVs) is to have a highly reliable positioning at the sub-meter lane-level accuracy. However, it is well-known that current satellite- and perception-based positioning systems suffer in achieving this desired accuracy in urban settings and during rough weather conditions. This research explores the strong potentials of the soon-to-be-deployed 5G wireless technology that is capable of overcoming these limitations and provides an uninterrupted everywhere positioning with lane level accuracy. The high cell densities and large bandwidth ranges promised in 5G are anticipated to achieve ultra-reliable and ultra-low-latency communications, which will enable the detection of received signals at AVs with high time precision, thus improving the localization accuracy. This paper discusses the merits and limitations of using 5G small cells to provide lane level positioning services in urban environments. We consider a 5G-based positioning scheme employing time of arrival with the trilateration of ranges between 5G base stations based on least-squares and an AV in kinematic mode. We then evaluate the impact of cell densification on achieving the desired accuracy level using the considered positioning scheme. A professional 5G simulator was used to assess the positioning accuracy of a vehicle moving at an average speed of 35 km/h in a kinematic road test involving different 5G base-stations densities on a trajectory in downtown Manhattan, NY. Results show that an inter-cell spacing of 160 m can achieve sub-meter positioning accuracy for AVs in typical dense urban settings.
Solid-state laser driver for IFE power plants (1993)

Summary form only given. The authors present the concept of a diode-pumped solid-state laser driver in the context of a power plant for inertial fusion energy (IFE) based on the cost and efficiency analyses published for Sombrero. A systems-analysis computer code has been used to optimize the design parameters in selecting the best driver configuration. The development of this configuration poses significantly lower risks than that for other driver options, for three reasons. First, up-front costs and final technical performance risk can be significantly reduced because the system is modular and can be tested at dramatically reduced scale. Second, as a consequence of the experience gleaned from Nova and other large fusion lasers, much of the fundamental physics is already well-understood. Third, many of the novel laser technologies envisioned for the IFE driver are inherently of interest to various scientific and industrial communities.
Covalent graphite modification by low-temperature photocatalytic oxidation using a titanium dioxide thin film prepared by atomic layer deposition (2021)

Remote photocatalytic graphite oxidation proceeds efficiently via a transparent titania photocatalyst thin film coating activating the surface with oxygen functional groups.
Search for Down-Type Fourth Generation Quarks with the ATLAS Detector in Events with One Lepton and Hadronically DecayingWBosons (2012)

This Letter presents a search for pair production of heavy down-type quarks decaying via b' → Wt in the lepton + jets channel, as b'b' → W- tW+ t → bbW+ W- W+ W- → l± νbbqqqqqq. In addition to requiring exactly one lepton, large missing transverse momentum, and at least six jets, the invariant mass of nearby jet pairs is used to identify high transverse momentum W bosons. In data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb(-1) from pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector, a heavy down-type quark with mass less than 480 GeV can be excluded at the 95% confidence level.