gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sedimentation velocity of DNA in isokinetic sucrose gradients: calibration against molecular weight using fragments of defined length (1981)

The relationship between sedimentation coefficient and molecular weight for DNA sedimenting in preformed alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients was determined using absolute molecular weight standards (restriction fragments of plasmid pBR322 and phage lambda DNA). The range of calibration for alkaline gradients was extended to small DNA fragments (652 base-pairs) for the first time. The exponent b in the equation S20 degrees, w = aMb was found to be 0.380 in neutral gradients and 0.410 in alkali. The latter value differs significantly from previous estimates. The gradients were isokinetic, and the distance sedimented was shown to be directly proportional to the sedimentation coefficient at all times.
Ultraschall-Dickenmessung der Schädelkalotte zur Registrierung bei navigierten Eingriffen an der lateralen Schädelbasis (2004)

Bei Eingriffen an der lateralen Schadelbasis bei denen CT-Datensatze zur OP-Planung und anschlie- senden Navigation und Registrierung genutzt werden, muss von einer Strahlenbelastung und einer nicht gegebe- ne Echtzeitfahigkeit dieser Systeme fur den intraoperativen Einsatz ausgegangen werden. Der alternative Einsatz von Standardultraschallsystemen ist zwar nicht invasiv und arbeitet in Echtzeit, ist aber fur die Weichgewebediagnos- tik ausgelegt und kann die Anforderungen zur Vermessung der Dicke der Schadelkalotte (Genauigkeit < 1 mm, Mess- bereich 1 - 10 mm) nur schwer erfullen. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, war es notig ein System zu entwickeln, welches an die akustischen Ei- genschaften von Schadelkalotte angepasst ist und uber eine spezielle HF-Datenverarbeitung (coded excitation, mat- ched filter) zum Erreichen der Anforderungen verfugt. Zur Bestimmung der akustischen Parameter der Schadel- kalotte, wie Schallgeschwindigkeit, Absorptionskoeffizien- ten und akustische Impedanz, wurden in dieser Arbeit 24 humane Proben durch Transmissionsmessungen charakte- risiert. An Hand dieser Parameter wurde ein Ultraschall- system entwickelt, mit dem spezielle Signalverarbeitungs- algorithmen zur exakten Dickenbestimmung eingesetzt werden konnen. Durch in-vitro-Messungen mit diesem System konnte eine Genauigkeit von 0.5 mm (± 5 %) bei der Dickebestimmung humaner Schadelpraparate nach- gewiesen werden. Durch Kopplung dieses Ultraschallsystems mit einen Tra- ckingsystem oder einem Roboter kann dieses System zur praoperativen Planung und intraoperativen Registrierung eingesetzt werden.
Experimental Verification of Tie Line Power Flow Control of Microgrid by Use of Heat Pump Air Conditioning System and Energy Storage System (2013)

In order to compensate power fluctuations caused by loads and renewable energy sources, the concept of controllable load has been proposed. In this paper, the use of heat pump air conditioning system (HPAC) as a controllable load is focused. To verify the advantage produced by control of HPAC's power consumption as a controllable load, experiments are conducted using model microgrid system with real machines. The results of the experiments showed that the control of HPAC's power consumption can contribute to power fluctuation compensation control in the microgrid. The energy capacity of energy storage system that is necessary to suppress the power fluctuation was analyzed and it has been clarified that the necessary energy capacity can be reduced by control of HPAC.
Islet Harvest in Carbon Monoxide-Saturated Medium for Chronic Pancreatitis Patients Undergoing Islet Autotransplantation (2019)

Stresses encountered during human islet isolation lead to unavoidable β-cell death after transplantation. This reduces the chance of insulin independence in chronic pancreatitis patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation. We tested whether harvesting islets in carbon monoxide-saturated solutions is safe and can enhance islet survival and insulin independence after total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation. Chronic pancreatitis patients who consented to the study were randomized into carbon monoxide (islets harvested in a carbon monoxide-saturated medium) or control (islets harvested in a normal medium) groups. Islet yield, viability, oxygen consumption rate, β-cell death (measured by unmethylated insulin DNA), and serum cytokine levels were measured during the peri-transplantation period. Adverse events, metabolic phenotypes, and islet function were measured prior and at 6 months post-transplantation. No adverse events directly related to the infusion of carbon monoxide islets were observed. Carbon monoxide islets showed significantly higher viability before transplantation. Subjects receiving carbon monoxide islets had less β-cell death, decreased CCL23, and increased CXCL12 levels at 1 or 3 days post transplantation compared with controls. Three in 10 (30%) of the carbon monoxide subjects and none of the control subjects were insulin independent. This pilot trial showed for the first time that harvesting human islets in carbon monoxide-saturated solutions is safe for total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation patients.
Struktur und Mechanismus in der Cinchonaalkaloid-Chemie: Die wässrige Hydrolyse erfolgt unter vollständiger Inversion der Konfiguration – oder aber vollständiger Retention (2000)

Hydrolysen mit vollständiger Retention der Konfiguration werden erstmals beschrieben, und zwar bei nichtnatürlichen Cinchonaalkaloiden sowohl der Chinidin- als auch der Chininreihe (siehe Schema). Dies wird der favorisierten syn,offen-Konformation des Substrats sowie der molekularen Erkennung durch Solvatation zugeschrieben. Natürlich konfigurierte C9-Derivate werden dagegen unter vollständiger Inversion hydrolysiert. Ms=Methansulfonyl.
Surrogate Vibration Modeling Approach for Design Optimization of Electric Machines (2020)

This article presents a surrogate modeling approach to predict the vibrational behavior during electric machine design. The methodology used in identifying and implementing the surrogate model allows a time-efficient integration of the surrogate model in multiphysics geometric optimization of electric machines, especially in scenarios of drop-in replacement. Based on the state-of-the-art review, the use of analytical or numerical techniques alone considering motor frame and support are not adequately accurate, time efficient, and flexible. The proposed method uses the 3-D finite-element (FE) structural simulations for identifying characteristic response profiles in the surrogate model and does not use structural FE simulations in the optimization loop. Experimental tests are performed on a 6/10 switched reluctance machine to validate the 3-D FE model used to identify the surrogate model. The rational fraction polynomial (RFP) method is used to fit the vibration impulse responses for a number of machines geometries defined by three stator dimensions. The impulse response of any geometry can be determined using linear interpolation of the RFP coefficients. Using the radial forces determined from the FE electromagnetic simulation, the deformation is determined using superposition.
Comparison of Two Antibiotic-Impregnated Ventricular Catheters: A Prospective Sequential Series Trial (2010)

The use of antibiotic-impregnated catheters was associated with an extremely low risk of CSF infection compared with the reported mean of nearly 9% for standard EVD catheters. Infection rates for both C/R and M/R EVD catheters were zero. These results support the use of antibiotic-impregnated EVD catheters in routine clinical practice.
PanIN-associated pericyte, glial, and islet remodeling in mice revealed by 3D pancreatic duct lesion histology (2016)

Pericytes and glial cells are accessory cells of neurovascular networks, which have been reported to participate in scar formation after tissue injury. However, it remains unclear whether similar reactive cellular responses occur in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). In this study we developed three-dimensional (3D) duct lesion histology to investigate PanIN and the associated pericyte, glial, and islet remodeling. Transparent mouse pancreata with a Kras(G12D) mutation were used to develop 3D duct lesion histology. Deep-tissue, tile-scanning microscopy was performed to generate panoramic views of the diseased pancreas for global examination of early stage and advanced duct lesion formation. Fluorescence signals of ductal and neurovascular networks were simultaneously detected to reveal associated remodeling. Significantly, in Kras(G12D)-mutant mice, when the low-grade PanINs emerge, duct lesions appear as epithelial buds with perilesional pericyte and glial activation. When PanINs occur in large scale (induced by cerulein injections to the mutant mice), the 3D image data identifies 1) aggregation of PanINs in clusters in space; 2) overexpression of the pericyte marker NG2 in the PanIN microenvironment; and 3) epithelial in-growth to islets, forming the PanIN-islet complexes. Particularly, the PanIN-islet complexes associate with proliferating epithelial and stromal cells and receive substantial neurovascular supplies, making them landmarks in the atrophic lobe. Overall, perilesional pericyte and glial activation and formation of the PanIN-islet complex underline cellular heterogeneity in the duct lesion microenvironment. The results also illustrate the advantage of using 3D histology to reveal previously unknown details of neurovascular and endocrine links to the disease.
What should a toolkit to aid the delivery of therapeutic exercise for hip and knee osteoarthritis look like? Qualitative analysis of an international survey of 318 researchers, clinicians, and consumers by the OARSI Rehabilitation Discussion Group (2023)

Our findings identified important components of, and practical resources to include within, a toolkit to aid delivery of exercise for people with hip/knee osteoarthritis. These findings have implications for exercise providers and lay the foundation for the development of a toolkit to help ensure exercise provision aligns with current international recommendations.
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in an immunotherapy model for Ewing sarcoma. (2014)

Our data indicate that the CD137/CD137L pathway can modulate the immune response against Ewing sarcoma cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of the Os‐CH2 Bond in Os3(CO)11(μ‐CH2) to Pt(PPh3)2 to Give the Spiked Triangular Cluster Os3Pt(μ‐CH2)(CO)11(PPh3)2. An NMR Investigation of the Fluxional Properties of Os3(CO)11(μ‐CH2). (1987)

Abstract The methylene‐bridged cluster (I) reacts with the Pt(0) complex (II) to give the tetranuclear cluster (III).
Abstract 5427: Small molecule inhibitors of Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins (2015)

Abstract Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins are key regulators of several stem cell populations and are also involved in tumor proliferation and maintenance. There are two Musashi proteins in humans, Msi1 and Msi2, both of which regulate target mRNAs translation. We aim to identify small molecule inhibitors of Msi activity thus blocking the growth of a broad range of cancer cells. Known mRNA targets of Msi1 include Numb, APC and p21WAF-1, key regulators of Notch, Wnt signaling and cell cycle progression, respectively. Numb is also an mRNA target of Msi2. We confirmed the binding between numb and Msi1/Msi2 by RNA-IP. Using a fluorescence polarization assay, we screened small molecules from several chemical libraries for those that disrupt the binding of Msi1 to its consensus RNA binding site. Hits were validated by surface plasmon resonance, amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assays and nuclear magnetic resonance. Among the small molecules that we screened, we found several hit compounds that disrupt the Msi1-numb RNA binding potently. Our study supports the hypothesis that Msi1 inhibition is a viable and effective anti-cancer strategy and we identified (-)-gossypol as the first small molecule inhibitor of Msi1 that inhibits tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Citation Format: Lan Lan, Carl Appelman, Amber Smith, Jia Yu, Sarah Larsen, Rebecca Marquez, Xiaoqing Wu, Hao Liu, Anuradha Roy, Asokan Anbanandam, Ragul Gowthaman, John Karanicolas, Steven Rogers, Jeffrey Aubé, Roberto De Guzman, Kristi Neufeld, Liang Xu. Small molecule inhibitors of Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5427. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5427
Fourier Analysis of Corneal Irregular Astigmatism Due to the Anterior Corneal Surface in Dry Eye (2018)

The amount of corneal irregular astigmatism, quantified using Fourier harmonic analysis, was significantly higher in dry eyes than in normal eyes. Measurements obtained with OCT and the Placido-based topographer differed in subjects with dry eyes. Therefore, caution should be practiced when trying to use these measurements interchangeably.
Dual Inhibition of Human Parainfluenza Type 3 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infectivity with a Single Agent (2019)

Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause lower respiratory infection in infants and young children. There are no vaccines for these pathogens, and existing treatments have limited or questionable efficacy. Infection by HPIV3 or RSV requires fusion of the viral and cell membranes, a process mediated by a trimeric fusion glycoprotein (F) displayed on the viral envelope. Once triggered, the pre-fusion form of F undergoes a series of conformational changes that first extend the molecule to allow for insertion of the hydrophobic fusion peptide into the target cell membrane and then refold the trimeric assembly into an energetically stable post-fusion state, a process that drives the merger of the viral and host cell membranes. Peptides derived from defined regions of HPIV3 F inhibit infection by HPIV3 by interfering with the structural transitions of the trimeric F assembly. Here we describe lipopeptides derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (HRC) domain of HPIV3 F that potently inhibit infection by both HPIV3 and RSV. The lead peptide inhibits RSV infection as effectively as does a peptide corresponding to the RSV HRC domain itself. We show that the inhibitors bind to the N-terminal heptad repeat (HRN) domains of both HPIV3 and RSV F with high affinity. Co-crystal structures of inhibitors bound to the HRN domains of HPIV3 or RSV F reveal remarkably different modes of binding in the N-terminal segment of the inhibitor.
Abelson Virus Abrogation of Interleukin-3 Dependence in a Lymphoid Cell Line (1986)

Among several tyrosine-protein kinases, only v-abl could abrogate interleukin 3 dependence of a lymphoblastoid cell line; v-src and v-fps proteins gave partial or no interleukin 3 independence, respectively. Lymphokine independence was achieved via a nonautocrine mechanism. Direct involvement of c-myc in this process was not evident.
Discriminative Phonotactics for Dialect Recognition Using Context-Dependent Phone Classifiers: Presentation Slides (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to dialect recognition that relies on context-dependent (CD) phonetic differences between dialects as well as phonotactics. Given a speech utterance, we obtain the phone sequence using a CD-phone recognizer. We then identify the most likely dialect of these CD-phones using SVM classifiers. Augmenting these phones with the output of these classifiers, we extract augmented phonotactic features which are subsequently given to a logistic regression classifier to obtain a dialect detection score. We test our approach on the task of detecting four Arabic dialects from 30s utterances. We compare our performance to two baselines, PRLM and GMM-UBM, as well as to our own improved version of GMM-UBM which employs fMLLR adaptation. Our approach performs significantly better than all three baselines at 5% absolute Equal Error Rate (EER). The overall EER of our system is 6%.
Ethanol dependence of α1‐antitrypsin C‐terminal Lys truncation mediated by basic carboxypeptidases (2007)

The cause of C-terminal truncation of A1PI present in products used for augmentation therapy has been identified, and it has been shown that A1PI becomes a substrate for CPs, specifically CPN, because of the presence of ethanol during Cohn fractionation.
Evaluation of the Limiting Regime in Iron Ore Fines Reduction with H2‐Rich Gases in Fluidized Beds: Fe2O3 to Fe3O4 (2009)

Abstract In metallurgical processes, fluidized‐bed technology is gaining more importance because of its advantages. Processes with H 2 ‐rich and CO‐rich reducing gases were developed for the reduction of iron ore fines (e.g. FINEX ® ). For improvement of these new technologies, greater knowledge about the chemical kinetics of iron ore reduction in fluidized beds is necessary. The scope of this work is to evaluate the limiting regime of the iron ore fines reduction. Therefore, experimental results of reduction tests were compared with theoretically investigated reduction rates. These reduction rates were based on a limitation either of mass transfer through the external gas film to the particle surface, diffusion in a porous product layer (pore diffusion and Knudsen diffusion), diffusion in a dense product layer (solid diffusion) or the phase boundary reaction. The phase boundary reaction was found to be the most likely limiting reaction regime.
Evaluation of a new multi-parallel line immunoassay for systemic sclerosis-associated antibodies in an Asian population (2012)

The SSc-LIA has good agreement with conventional techniques for selected antibodies and has good diagnostic utility.
Supplementary Table S2 from EPHA2 Is a Mediator of Vemurafenib Resistance and a Novel Therapeutic Target in Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2. Combination indices per method of Chou and Talalay.&lt;/p&gt;
Image Analysis of Stromal Elastosis in Peripheral Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma. (1991)

末梢型肺腺癌 (Type 1) のWeigert染色で染まる弾性線維 (EF) 量を顕微鏡画像解析装置で解析した. 腫瘍間質には腫瘍腺腔に沿って波状に走行するThickEF (ThEF) と, 基底膜下に密在するFineEF (FiEF) とが識別できる. ThEFは形態的に正常肺胞壁内EFと同質とみなされ, FiEFはType1に特有のものであった. 一定区画内での腫瘍EF量は周囲肺に比し3～7倍多く, ThEFの区画内総長は同様, 1.5～3.3倍多かった. その比は単位壁長当たりでは, 腫瘍EF量で4.9～12.3倍, ThEF長で1.9～5.3倍と更に増大した. 後者は腫瘍間質の同部に存在した肺胞の収縮比とみなされる. この結果から, Type 1肺腺癌ではFiEFが新生する結果, 壁が肥厚し, 既存の肺胞がAirspaceを保ちつつ収縮し, 腫瘍間質が形成されると推測される. X線像の特徴である大きさは変わらず, 濃度が増加するのは, この腫瘍間質の肥厚収縮の結果と考えられる.
Chromosome sizes and phylogenetic relationships between serotypes ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (1998)

The genome size of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis of AscI and ApaI digested chromosomal DNA. The genome size of the type strain 4074T (serotype 1) was determined to be 2404 +/- 40 kb. The chromosome sizes for the reference strains of the other serotypes range between 2.3 and 2.4 Mb. The restriction pattern profiles of AscI, ApaI and NheI digested chromosomes showed a high degree of polymorphism among the different serotype reference strains and allowed their discrimination. The analysis of the macrorestriction pattern polymorphism revealed phylogenetic relationships between the different serotype reference strains which reflect to some extent groups of serotypes known to cross-react serologically. In addition, different pulsed fields gel electrophoresis patterns also revealed heterogeneity in the chromosomal structure among different field strains of serotypes 1, 5a, and 5b, while strains of serotype 9 originating from most distant geographical places showed homogeneous ApaI patterns in pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
Extra-Oral Digital Panoramic Radiographic Interpretation and Clinical Findings of Stage IV Periodontitis among Some Samples Concerning Saudi/Non-Saudi Nationality (2022)

Background: There are associations between the severity of periodontal diseases and some predisposing factors, such as age, race, and income rate. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the extra-oral digital panoramic radiographic interpretation and clinical findings of stage IV periodontitis among some samples concerning Saudi/non-Saudi nationality. Material and Methods: The study comprised a random sample of 298 residents in Saudi Arabia referred to the internship program clinics at the College of Dentistry, King Khalid University. They were according to the age of participants as follows: youth (15 - 24 years), adults (25 - 64 years), and seniors (65 years and over) within two groups according to nationality (Saudi and non-Saudi). Clinical periodontal examination and radiographic extra oral digital panoramic radiographs were done, and then the periodontal parameters, the percentage of bone loss, and the pattern of bone loss were recorded. The data was collected, and the statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, Chi-square test, and T-test and considered a P-value at (p 0.05). Conclusion: At the end of this study, we concluded that there are alterations in clinical and radiographic and clinical findings of stage IV periodontitis with the alteration of participants’ ages and nationality.
Synthesizing Game Audio Using Deep Neural Networks (2018)

High quality audio plays an important role in gaming, contributing to player immersion during gameplay. Creating audio content which matches overall theme and aesthetic is essential, such that players can become fully engrossed in a game environment. Sound effects must also fit well with visual elements of a game so as not to break player immersion. Producing suitable, unique sound effects requires the use of a wide range of audio processing techniques. In this paper, we examine a method of generating in-game audio using Generative Adversarial Networks, and compare this to traditional methods of synthesizing and augmenting audio.
Status-quo Policy Gradient in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (2022)

Individual rationality, which involves maximizing expected individual returns, does not always lead to high-utility individual or group outcomes in multi-agent problems. For instance, in multi-agent social dilemmas, Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents trained to maximize individual rewards converge to a low-utility mutually harmful equilibrium. In contrast, humans evolve useful strategies in such social dilemmas. Inspired by ideas from human psychology that attribute this behavior to the status-quo bias, we present a status-quo loss (SQLoss) and the corresponding policy gradient algorithm that incorporates this bias in an RL agent. We demonstrate that agents trained with SQLoss learn high-utility policies in several social dilemma matrix games (Prisoner's Dilemma, Matching Pennies, Chicken Game). To apply SQLoss to visual input games where cooperation and defection are determined by a sequence of lower-level actions, we present GameDistill, an algorithm that reduces a visual input game to a matrix game. We empirically show how agents trained with SQLoss on GameDistill reduced versions of Coin Game and Stag Hunt learn high-utility policies. Finally, we show that SQLoss extends to a 4-agent setting by demonstrating the emergence of cooperative behavior in the popular Braess' paradox.