gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maßgeschneiderte Ruthenium-Triphos Katalysatoren für die homogenkatalysierte Hydrierung von Carbonsäurederivaten (2016)

The present thesis deals with the development of tailor-made ruthenium catalysts for the selective conversion of carboxylic acids, esters and amides, based on the [Ru(Triphos)TMM] catalyst lead structure (TMM = trimethylenemethane, Triphos = 1,1,1-tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethan).Chapter 1 describes the state-of-the-art in hydrogenation with molecular catalysts and the importance of catalytic reduction as a tool for the chemical transformation of polar bonds in laboratory as well as in industrial scale. The [Ru(Triphos)TMM] complex is a universal catalyst for the catalytic conversion of carboxylic acid derivatives, for the di-rect hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, as well as for the direct methylation of aromatic amines using CO2 as a C1 building block. However, mechanistic investigations revealed that the catalyst deactivates irreversibly by forming an inactive ruthenium dimer in all catalytic transformations, thus preventing a general applicability.In order to prevent the catalyst from deactivating via dimerization, the ligand was chemically modified as described in chapter 2. The dimer formation should be blocked by the introduction of sterically demanding substituents to the aromatic backbone of the ligand, for this reason, a library of 7 triphos derivatives and their corresponding ruthenium complexes could be established. The molecular structures from single-crystal x-ray diffraction of the complexes emphasized that the meta-substituents of the newly developed Triphos Xyl (1,1,1-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylphosphinomethyl)ethan) showed a significantly increased shielding of the ruthenium center in comparison to the usual triphos ligand, paving the way for application in challenging reductive transfor-mations. Chapter 3 contains the detailed mechanistic characterization of the different catalyst species. The activation of [Ru(Triphos)TMM] in the presence of hydrogen leads to the formation of the hydride complex [Ru(Triphos)(H)2], the cationic complex [Ru(Triphos)(H)(H2)][NTf2] is formed in the presence of HNTf2. Moreover, the XRD-analysis of a ruthenium dimer showed that the meta-substituents of the Triphos Xyl ligand should have a major influence on the dimer formation. In selected catalytic reactions (chapter 4) the novel catalyst demonstrated remarkable activities in the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids, esters and amides. Moreover, it was shown by NMR-analysis that the dimer formation was completely prevented in a cata-lytic reaction by the introduction of the Triphos-Xyl ligand. Thus, the Triphos-Xyl ligand significantly improves the chemical stability, catalytic activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate, itaconic acid and N-acetanilide.
Interfacial Carriers Dynamics of CdS Nanoparticles (1998)

The relaxation dynamics of charge carriers in 4 nm CdS colloidal quantum dots are studied by means of picosecond time-resolved fluorescence and femtosecond transient absorption experiments. We also studied the effects of the adsorption of viologen derivatives as electron acceptors on the surface of these particles. From these experimental measurements, we reached a model of the electron-hole dynamics in these nanoparticles consistent with previous proposals. In particular, we have confirmed that the electron trapping in these particles is slower than the hole trapping (30 ps versus a few picoseconds). After excitation, rapid formation of an optical hole (bleach) within the lowest energy exciton (band gap) absorption region appears. The maximum of the bleaching band is red-shifted by 20 meV in 2.5 ps, and the bleach intensity recovers in 30 ps. Upon the adsorption of electron acceptors, the rate of the red shift of the optical hole is not affected while the bleach recovery time is reduced to a few picoseconds. This leads to the following conclusions: (1) the shift in the bleach band results from hole trapping dynamics, and (2) the bleach recovery is rate limited by the electron trapping process in the CdS nanoparticles (30 ps) or by the hole trapping process (a few picoseconds) in the presence of the electron acceptors. The latter conclusion supports a previous proposal by Klimov et al., that the rate of the recovery in CdS nanoparticles is determined by the electron surface trapping process. The electron transfer to the viologen acceptors is found to be very efficient and takes place in 200−300 fs, which efficiently competes with surface trapping and electron-hole recombination processes and thus quenches both the band gap and the deep trap emissions.
Bridging the Data Charging Gap in the Cellular Edge (2019)

The 4G/5G cellular edge promises low-latency experiences anywhere, anytime. However, data charging gaps can arise between the cellular operators and edge application vendors, and cause over-/under-billing. We find that such gap can come from data loss, selfish charging, or both. It can be amplified in the edge, due to its low-latency requirements. We devise TLC, a Trusted, Loss-tolerant Charging scheme for the cellular edge. In its core, TLC enables loss-selfishness cancellation to bridge the gap, and constructs publicly verifiable proof-of-charging for mutual trust. We implement TLC with commodity edge and small cells, and validate its viability.
2P1-G09 Measurement of 3-axis Stress Distribution at Human Sole by MEMS 3-axis Force Sensors Placed on Insole(Sense, Motion and Measurement (3)) (2013)

We proposed and demonstrated a wireless measurement system of 3-axis stress distribution at a human sole. The system consists of three 3-axis force sensors fabricated by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technologies which were placed on the heel, thenar and hypothenar, three amplifier circuit boards and a CPU board with a Bluetooth module. The 3-axis stresses composed of normal stress of vertical direction and shear stresses of lateral and front-back directions were measured and calibrated for crosstalk compensation in level walk. The peak stresses of vertical, lateral and front-back directions are about 100kPa at the heel and thenar, 15kPa at the thenar and 20kPa at the heel, respectively.
Collaborative Search: Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How (2010)

Today, Web search is treated as a solitary experience. Web browsers and search engines are typically designed to support a single user, working alone. However, collaboration on information-seeking tasks is actually commonplace. Students work together to complete homework assignments, friends seek information about joint entertainment opportunities, family members jointly plan vacation travel, and colleagues jointly conduct research for their projects. As improved networking technologies and the rise of social media simplify the process of remote collaboration, and large, novel display form-factors simplify the process of co-located group work, researchers have begun to explore ways to facilitate collaboration on search tasks. This lecture investigates the who, what, where, when and why of collaborative search, and gives insight in how emerging solutions can address collaborators' needs. Table of Contents: Introduction / Who? / What? / Where? / When? / Why? / Conclusion: How?
Inhibition of Linoleic Acid Oxidation by Interaction with a Protein-Rich Oat Fraction (2000)

A protein-rich fraction from oat was found to protect linoleic acid against oxidation in an aqueous suspension containing soybean lipoxygenase-1 and micellar linoleic acid. In this system the oat fraction reduced the initial oxidation rate of linoleic acid by 50% when the oat fraction/linoleic acid ratio was 5:1 (w/w). The oat fraction did not act on the lipoxygenase enzyme but reduced the concentration of linoleic acid that serves as a substrate for lipoxygenase-1. To achieve the reduction in the oxidation rate a contact between linoleic acid and the oat fraction was required. The efficiency of the protection was dependent on the duration of this contact: the maximum protection was reached after a 5-min incubation period. However, total cessation of oxidation was not reached with any concentration of the oat fraction, indicating that the oxidizible and non-oxidizible forms of linoleic acid are in equilibrium. Because lipoxygenase-1 prefers the monomeric form of the substrate, the present findings agree with the hypothesis that the oat fraction reduces the concentration of monomolecular form of substrate. In most food systems monomolecular free linoleic acid is liberated slowly and at relatively low concentrations, therefore, even a small amount of the oat fraction would guard the system from oxidative deterioration.
Phenotypic Variation Including Retinitis Pigmentosa, Pattern Dystrophy, and Fundus Flavimaculatus in a Single Family With a Deletion of Codon 153 or 154 of the Peripherin/RDS Gene (1993)

A 3-base pair deletion of codon 153 or 154 of the peripherin/RDS gene can produce clinically disparate phenotypes even within the same family.
Novel Intermediate Frequency Zero-Crossing Detectors for Bluetooth Enhanced Data Rate Transmission (2007)

In the recent years, Bluetooth has become an important short range transmission system which provides data rates up to 3 Mbit/s in its enhanced data rate mode (EDR). In this communication, the authors will illustrate low-cost intermediate frequency (IF) zero-crossing detector (ZXD) for Bluetooth EDR. The IF ZXD facilitates analog signal processing at low IF and the digitization is carried out by a simple comparator. Therefore, low-cost implementation of the receiver is readily at hand. Furthermore, it will be shown that the proposed IF ZXD for Bluetooth EDR facilitates a robust performance, approaching theoretical bounds in the case of single path transmission. The proposed design is flexible and improves earlier published receiver structures.
Salt modulates vascular response through cyp‐epoxygenases in the presence of A 2A AR (2012)

Recent studies have shown that salt loading enhances adenosine‐induced vascular relaxation (Nayeem et al., 2010). The main goal of this study is to investigate the role of A 2A AR in high salt (HS) fed mice using A 2A AR −/− and A 2A AR +/+ mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that in the presence of A 2A AR, HS enhances adenosine‐induced relaxation, whereas in the absence of A 2A AR, HS exaggerates contraction. Organ bath and western blot experiments were conducted in 4% NaCl (HS) and 0.18% NaCl (NS) fed A 2A AR −/− and A 2A AR +/+ mice. Adenosine analog (NECA; 10 −6 M) showed relaxation (+12.09 ±4.4 %, p&lt;0.05) in HS‐A 2A AR +/+ vs. contraction in both NS‐A 2A AR +/+ (−32.3 ± 4.9%) and HS‐A 2A AR −/− (−70.24 ± 5.61%). CGS‐21680 (A 2A AR agonist) enhanced relaxation in HS‐A 2A AR +/+ (+25.16 ± 4.70%, P &lt; 0.05) vs. less relaxation in HS‐A 2A AR −/− (+8.07 ± 2.36%), and relaxation was blocked by an EET antagonist (14,15‐EEZE ; 10 −6 M, −1.08 ± 2.95%). Compared to NS‐A 2A AR +/+ , HS‐A 2A AR +/+ demonstrated up‐regulation of A 2A AR, cyp2c29 (30%, 36%, respectively) and down‐regulation of A 1A AR, cyp4a (8%, 32%, respectively). Up‐regulation of A 1A AR, cyp4a (18%, 80%, respectively) and down‐regulation of cyp2c29 (36%) in HS‐A 2A AR −/− vs. HS‐A 2A AR +/+ were observed. In conclusion, HS enhances relaxation through cyp2c29 in A 2A AR +/+ , whereas HS exaggerates contraction via CYP4A in A 2A AR −/− mice. WVU‐HSC, NIH: HL 027339 &amp; HL 094447, GM 31278, NIEHS: z01 ES025034.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Efficient Synthesis of 6‐Carboalkoxy‐13‐cycloalkyl‐5H‐indolo[2,1‐a] [2]benzazepine‐10‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives. (2014)

Abstract A new synthesis of benzazepine derivatives from hemiaminals is described.
Klotho Protein Promotes Adipocyte Differentiation (2006)

Mice with homozygous disruption of the klotho exhibit multiple age-related disorders and have barely detectable amounts of white adipose tissue. Although klotho expression in cultured adipocytes has been reported, little is known about its function in adipocytes. In the present study, we investigated the role of klotho on adipocyte differentiation. Adipocyte differentiation was induced by incubation of confluent 3T3-L1 cells with insulin, dexamethasone, and 1-methyl-3-isobutyl-xanthin. Klotho-siRNA and expression vector were produced for klotho suppression and overexpression, respectively. Klotho protein was purified for determination of the hormonal effect of klotho. Klotho mRNA and protein expression increased up to the 3rd d of differentiation. A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist increased klotho expression during the early period of adipocyte differentiation. The mRNA expression of adipocyte differentiation markers, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)alpha, C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and fatty acid binding protein 4, was decreased by klotho suppression, and increased 1.9- to 3.8-fold by klotho overexpression. The results of Oil Red O staining also suggested that klotho overexpression promoted adipocyte differentiation. Klotho protein stimulation resulted in a 2.4- to 4.6-fold increase in mRNA expression of differentiation markers compared with control, and the time course depended on adipocyte induction status. Western blot analysis showed that protein levels of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPdelta were increased by Klotho protein stimulation. These results suggest that klotho works as a hormonal factor to promote adipocyte differentiation in the early days, during the period of transient proliferation in the differentiation process, and that klotho may play an essential role in adipocyte differentiation.
Supplementary Table 1 from Phase I Trial of Overlapping Long Peptides from a Tumor Self-Antigen and Poly-ICLC Shows Rapid Induction of Integrated Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 65K, Immunohistochemical analysis of NY-ESO-1 expression (mAb E978) in tumor tissue and vaccine regimen&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of Reynolds number on flow and mixing characteristics of a self-sustained swinging jet (2020)

The effects of Reynolds number on flow and mixing characteristics of a merged single swinging jet induced by a V-shaped fluidic oscillator were studied experimentally. The jet Reynolds number was varied from 80 to 3000. A high-speed digital camera was used to capture the instantaneous flow evolution processes using the laser light-sheet-assisted flow visualisation method. Long-exposure images together with the binary edge detection technique were used to identify the jet spread width. The velocities, turbulence intensities, as well as turbulence macro time and length scales in the central axis were measured using a one-component hot-wire anemometer. Measurement results using the tracer-gas concentration detection method provided information on the dispersion characteristics of the merged swinging and non-swinging jets. Four characteristic flow modes (non-swinging, subcritical swinging, critical swinging, and supercritical swinging jets) were identified within different ranges of jet Reynolds number. At Reynolds numbers <150 ± 10, no jet swinging happened. At Reynolds numbers between 150 ± 10 and 1200 ± 23, the instantaneous velocities of the merged jet presented periodic oscillations of small amplitudes and was denoted as the subcritical swinging jet. At Reynolds numbers between 1200 ± 23 and 2350 ± 50, the merged jet proceeded irregular swinging motion and was called the critical jet. At Reynolds numbers higher than 2350 ± 50, the time-evolving velocities of the merged jet presented periodic oscillations of large amplitudes imposed by large turbulent fluctuations and was termed the supercritical swinging jet. The measured results of the axial velocities and turbulence intensities in the central axis revealed that in the regime of the supercritical swinging jet, the momentum conversion from the axial to transverse direction was rapidly performed in the near field at the axial distance <2.4 times of the jet exit width due to the induced transverse jet oscillation. The transverse oscillations of the swinging jets induced large turbulence intensities and small turbulence macro time and length scales, and led to large jet mass dispersion. Therefore, the mixing characteristics of the flow was significantly improved due to large jet mass dispersion.
Atomic layer deposition of zinc oxide on mesoporous zirconia using zinc(II) acetylacetonate and air (2023)

The self-terminating chemistry of atomic layer deposition (ALD) ideally enables the growth of homogeneously distributed materials on an atomic scale. This study investigates the ALD of zinc oxide (ZnO) on mesoporous zirconium oxide (ZrO2) using zinc acetylacetonate [Zn(acac)2] and synthetic air in a fixed-bed powder ALD reactor. A broad variety of methods, including thermogravimetry analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, low energy ion scattering, X-ray absorption near edge structure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy-mass spectrometry, and density functional theory calculations were used to analyze the reactant and the resulting samples. The factors affecting the zinc loading (wt%) on ZrO2 were investigated by varying the ALD reaction temperature (160 °C–240 °C), the calcination temperature of zirconium oxide (400 °C–1000 °C) and the ALD cycle number (up to three). The studied process showed self-terminating behavior, with the areal number density of zinc of approximately two atoms per square nanometer per cycle. Zinc was distributed throughout ZrO2. After the Zn(acac)2 reaction, acac ligands were removed using synthetic air at 500 °C. In the following cycles, the already-deposited ZnO acted as nuclei for further ZnO growth. This study demonstrates the potential of Zn(acac)2 as an ALD reactant and provides an initial understanding of ZnO growth via ALD on high surface area porous particles as an example for catalytic applications.
Recombinant antibody-based molecular therapeutics for brain tumor immunotherapy (2007)

A28 The limited efficacy of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant glioma calls for innovative approaches targeting specific biological features of these tumors. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), with high specificity and high affinity for their target antigens, can be utilized in targeted therapy for delivery of agents such as radionuclides, enzymes, drugs, or toxins in vivo. Success in MAb-based therapy for brain tumor requires the identification of glioma-associated antigens and the proper selection of target-specific MAbs for each patient. We have validated a panel of promising molecular malignant glioma targets, such as epidermal growth factor receptor type III variant (EGFRvIII) and human transmembrane glycoprotein nmb (GPNMB), and we have performed genetic and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of gliomas to determine incidence, distribution, and pattern of localization of specific antigens in brain tumors, as well as the survival analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses correlated expression of GPNMB with survival of 39 GBM patients using RNA expression and IHC data, establishing that these patients, whose tumors have relatively high mRNA GPNMB transcript levels, >3-fold over normal brain, as well as positive immunohistochemistry, have a significantly higher risk of death. We have developed both murine and human high-affinity single-chain fragment antibodies from phage and yeast display libraries and immunotoxins with Pseudomonas exotoxin PE38 that are reactive with either EGFRvIII or GPNMB in vitro and in vivo. Antibody engineering also provides a powerful approach for redesigning Abs for use in oncological applications: In preclinical tests for malignant glioma treatment, affinity-matured recombinant Ab fragments in the form of scFv-CH3 fusion and two immunotoxins, MR1-1(dsFv)PE38 for EGFRvIII and F6V(scFv)PE38 for GPNMB, all demonstrate efficient tumor targeting and offer the promise of improved tumor control without substantial toxicity. The IND of MR1-1 immunotoxin was issued in August 2007, and Phase I clinical trials are ongoing at Duke (Dr. D. Bigner, P.I.).
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Film Sensor for Carbon Mono-Oxide Gas (2012)

This paper reports the fabrication of a carbon nanotubes based carbon mono-oxide gas sensor. Initially, iron catalyzed carbon nanotubes were grown on silicon oxide grown silicon substrate using low pressure chemical vapor deposition. Morphology and microstructure of these CNTs were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Morphological analysis shows the formation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCTs) with an average diameter of 30 nm. Typical response of MWCNTs gas sensor in the presence of CO gas has been studied. It was observed that this MWNTs gas sensor gives a quick response to CO gas and the recovery time of this sensor is also fast. The sensitivity of this sensor was found to decrease with an increase in the CO gas concentration. At a particular gas concentration, the responsiveness of this sensor increases with the increase in temperature. Electrical transport properties of this MWNTs film sensor have also been explained on the basis of temperature dependence of conductivity. On the basis these properties, it is suggested that this MWNTs-based gas sensor has potential to be used as a novel CO gas sensor.
High-Temperature Electrospinning of Polyethylene Microfibers from Solution (2006)

The process of electrospinning uses a high-voltage source to produce an electrostatically driven jet of polymer solution that thins and elongates as it is driven toward an electrically grounded target. The fiber diameters which result from this process are on the order of nanometers to micrometers and can have large surface area to weight ratios. These high surface area fibers offer significant advantages for applications including nanocomposites, filtration media, barrier, and biomedical applications. Consequently, there are many areas of active scientific research currently focused on electrospun polymeric fibers. Because of the major commercial role played by polyolefins, there is significant interest in electrospinning these particular polymers. Polyolefins are not particularly amenable to electrospinning due to solubility and conductivity issues. Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) microfibers were electrospun from solutions of p-xylene. Polyethylene readily crystallizes from solution, which requires the solution to be maintained at an elevated temperature throughout the electrospinning process. The polyethylene fibers resulting from the electrospinning process were characterized in terms of surface morphology, compositional and conformational changes, and crystalline structure using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, EDAX, X-ray diffraction, and DSC.
Robust and Efficient Elimination of Cache and Timing Side Channels (2015)

Timing and cache side channels provide powerful attacks against many sensitive operations including cryptographic implementations. Existing defenses cannot protect against all classes of such attacks without incurring prohibitive performance overhead. A popular strategy for defending against all classes of these attacks is to modify the implementation so that the timing and cache access patterns of every hardware instruction is independent of the secret inputs. However, this solution is architecture-specific, brittle, and difficult to get right. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a robust low-overhead technique for mitigating timing and cache channels. Our solution requires only minimal source code changes and works across multiple languages/platforms. We report the experimental results of applying our solution to protect several C, C++, and Java programs. Our results demonstrate that our solution successfully eliminates the timing and cache side-channel leaks while incurring significantly lower performance overhead than existing approaches.