gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor is neuroprotective in a model of Parkinson's disease (2006)

We have recently shown that the hematopoietic Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is neuroprotective in rodent stroke models, and that this action appears to be mediated via a neuronal G-CSF receptor. Here, we report that the G-CSF receptor is expressed in rodent dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons, suggesting that G-CSF might be neuroprotective for dopaminergic neurons and a candidate molecule for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Thus, we investigated protective effects of G-CSF in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-challenged PC12 cells and primary neuronal midbrain cultures, as well as in the mouse 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson's disease. Substantial protection was found against MPP+-induced dopaminergic cell death in vitro. Moreover, subcutaneous application of G-CSF at a dose of 40 microg/Kg body weight daily over 13 days rescued dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons from MPTP-induced death in aged mice, as shown by quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive substantia nigra cells. Using HPLC, a corresponding reduction in striatal dopamine depletion after MPTP application was observed in G-CSF-treated mice. Thus our data suggest that G-CSF is a novel therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, because it is well-tolerated and already approved for the treatment of neutropenic conditions in humans.
Q-switched laser at 912 nm using ground-state-depleted neodymium in yttrium orthosilicate (1990)

A ground-state-depleted laser is demonstrated in the form of a Q-switched oscillator operating at 912 nm. By using Nd(3+) as the active ion and Y(2)SiO(5) as the host material, the laser transition is from the lowest-lying Stark level of the Nd(3+4)F(?) level to a Stark level 355 cm(-1) above the lowest-lying one in the (4)I(9/2) manifold. The necessity of depleting the ground (4)I(9/2) manifold is evident for this level scheme as transparency requires a 10% inversion. To achieve the high excitation levels required for the efficient operation of this laser, bleach-wave pumping using an alexandrite laser at 745 nm has been employed. With KNbO(3), noncritical phase matching is possible at 140 degrees C using d(32) and is demonstrated.
Blood Substitutes: Fluorocarbon Approach (2013)

This entry briefly surveys the reason for developing blood substitutes and outlines the principles of oxygen delivery by PFC emulsions, discusses the main challenges encountered in the development of such emulsions, and raises questions related to raw material procurement and product manufacture, and outlines some of the potential applications and future uses of blood substitutes.
The evolutionary rate dynamically tracks changes in HIV-1 epidemics: Application of a simple method for optimizing the evolutionary rate in phylogenetic trees with longitudinal data (2009)

Large-sequence datasets provide an opportunity to investigate the dynamics of pathogen epidemics. Thus, a fast method to estimate the evolutionary rate from large and numerous phylogenetic trees becomes necessary. Based on minimizing tip height variances, we optimize the root in a given phylogenetic tree to estimate the most homogenous evolutionary rate between samples from at least two different time points. Simulations showed that the method had no bias in the estimation of evolutionary rates and that it was robust to tree rooting and topological errors. We show that the evolutionary rates of HIV-1 subtype B and C epidemics have changed over time, with the rate of evolution inversely correlated to the rate of virus spread. For subtype B, the evolutionary rate slowed down and tracked the start of the HAART era in 1996. Subtype C in Ethiopia showed an increase in the evolutionary rate when the prevalence increase markedly slowed down in 1995. Thus, we show that the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 on the population level dynamically tracks epidemic events.
Optically controlling the competition between spin flips and intersite spin transfer in a Heusler half-metal on sub-100 fs timescales (2023)

The direct manipulation of spins via light may provide a path toward ultrafast energy-efficient devices. However, distinguishing the microscopic processes that can occur during ultrafast laser excitation in magnetic alloys is challenging. Here, we study the Heusler compound Co2MnGa, a material that exhibits very strong light-induced spin transfers across the entire M-edge. By combining the element-specificity of extreme ultraviolet high harmonic probes with time-dependent density functional theory, we disentangle the competition between three ultrafast light-induced processes that occur in Co2MnGa: same-site Co-Co spin transfer, intersite Co-Mn spin transfer, and ultrafast spin-flips mediated by spin-orbit coupling. By measuring the dynamic magnetic asymmetry across the entire M-edges of the two magnetic sublattices involved, we uncover the relative dominance of these processes at different probe energy regions and times during the laser pulse. Our combined approach enables a comprehensive microscopic interpretation of laser-induced magnetization dynamics on timescales shorter than 100 fs.
Design of Class-E Power VCO in 65nm CMOS Technology: Application to RF Transmitter Architecture (2008)

International audience
Generalized Postfilter for Speech Quality Enhancement (2007)

Postfilters are commonly used in speech coding for the attenuation of quantization noise. In the presence of acoustic background noise or distortion due to tandeming operations, the postfilter parameters are not adjusted and the performance is, therefore, not optimal. We propose a modification that consists of replacing the nonadaptive postfilter parameters with parameters that adapt to variations in spectral flatness, obtained from the noisy speech. This generalization of the postfiltering concept can handle a larger range of noise conditions, but has the same computational complexity and memory requirements as the conventional postfilter. Test results indicate that the presented algorithm improves on the standard postfilter, as well as on the combination of a noise attenuation preprocessor and the conventional postfilter.
Critical point theory to isotropic discrete boundary value problems on weighted finite graphs (2018)

In this paper, we use the Linking theorem, Clark theorem and Fountain theorem to obtain the existence of solutions to discrete boundary value problem involving the p-Laplacian on simple, connected, undirected and weighted graphs. We obtain three solutions, infinitely many solutions or a number of solutions depending on a parameter λ and the number of vertices. The eigenvalues of the nonlinear operator -Δp,ω+q are concerned in the study.
Data from Discovery of a Small Molecule Targeting <i>IRA2</i> Deletion in Budding Yeast and Neurofibromin Loss in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a life-threatening complication of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is caused by mutation in the gene encoding neurofibromin, a negative regulator of Ras signaling. There are no effective pharmacologic therapies for MPNST. To identify new therapeutic approaches targeting this dangerous malignancy, we developed assays in &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+/+&lt;/sup&gt; and &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; MPNST cell lines and in budding yeast lacking the &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt; homologue &lt;i&gt;IRA2&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;ira2Δ&lt;/i&gt;). Here, we describe UC1, a small molecule that targets &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; cell lines and &lt;i&gt;ira2Δ&lt;/i&gt; budding yeast. By using yeast genetics, we identified &lt;i&gt;NAB3&lt;/i&gt; as a high-copy suppressor of UC1 sensitivity. &lt;i&gt;NAB3&lt;/i&gt; encodes an RNA binding protein that associates with the C-terminal domain of RNA Pol II and plays a role in the termination of nonpolyadenylated RNA transcripts. Strains with deletion of &lt;i&gt;IRA2&lt;/i&gt; are sensitive to genetic inactivation of &lt;i&gt;NAB3&lt;/i&gt;, suggesting an interaction between Ras signaling and Nab3-dependent transcript termination. This work identifies a lead compound and a possible target pathway for NF1-associated MPNST, and shows a novel model system approach to identify and validate target pathways for cancer cells in which &lt;i&gt;NF1&lt;/i&gt; loss drives tumor formation. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 10(9); 1740–50. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Polarization Characterization of LEDs by Stokes Parameters Measurements (2022)

Abstract Stokes parameters have been measured by using a polarimeter consisting of a rotating phase plate before a fixed polarizer for bullet-shaped red, green and blue LEDs at 3 different directions of 0°, 45° and 90° from the principal axis. The degree of polarization is minimum at the observation angle 0° (observed head-on) for all colors as expected but has non-zero values (1-9%). As for the possible cause for the partial polarization, it is likely to be brought by striae inside the transparent epoxy resin that can be easily visible. Data at observation angle 90° have features common for all colors; the degree of polarization is highest, the long axis azimuth of the polarization ellipse is nearly in the horizontal direction, and the ellipticity is small. These features can be explained as follows. At observation angle 90°, only small fraction of the beam emitted nearly horizontally is detected possibly through multireflection (the plane of incidence is in the vertical plane) inside the top- and bottom-surfaces (in the horizontal direction) of the chip substrate. Since the reflectance for s-polarization (horizontal component) is higher than that for p-polarization, the emerging beam becomes horizontally polarized. The hypotheses that geometrical asymmetry generates polarization is experimentally supported.
Domain Structure and DNA Binding Regions of β Protein from Bacteriophage λ (2006)

beta protein from bacteriophage lambda promotes a single-strand annealing reaction that is central to Red-mediated recombination at double-strand DNA breaks and chromosomal ends. beta protein binds most tightly to an intermediate of annealing formed by the sequential addition of two complementary oligonucleotides. Here we have characterized the domain structure of beta protein in the presence and absence of DNA using limited proteolysis. Residues 1-130 form an N-terminal "core" domain that is resistant to proteases in the absence of DNA, residues 131-177 form a central region with enhanced resistance to proteases upon DNA complex formation, and the C-terminal residues 178-261 of beta protein are sensitive to proteases in both the presence and absence of DNA. We probed the DNA binding regions of beta protein further using biotinylation of lysine residues and mass spectrometry. Several lysine residues within the first 177 residues of beta protein are protected from biotinylation in the DNA complex, whereas none of the lysine residues in the C-terminal portion are protected. The results lead to a model for the domain structure and DNA binding of beta protein in which a stable N-terminal core and a more flexible central domain come together to bind DNA, whereas a C-terminal tail remains disordered. A fragment consisting of residues 1-177 of beta protein maintains normal binding to sequentially added complementary oligonucleotides and has significantly enhanced binding to single-strand DNA.
Frequently Used Terms, Abbreviations and Notation (2007)

Anechoic chamber: Type of room with almost totally sound-absorbing walls, frequently used for experimentation under free-field-like conditions.Auditory object: Perception corresponding to a single sound source.Attributes of auditory objects are location and extent.Auditory spatial image: Illusion of perception of a space with auditory objects of specific extent and at specific locations. BCC:Coding of stereo or multi-channel signals using a down-mix and binaural cues (or spatial parameters) to describe inter-channel relationships. Binaural cues:Inter-channel cues between the left and right ear entrance signals (see also ITD, ILD, and IC).BMLD: Binaural masking level difference.The difference in masked threshold due to different spatial cues of masker and target signal.BRIR: Binaural room impulse response, modeling transduction of sound from a source to left and right ear entrances in enclosed spaces.The difference from HTRFs is that BRIRs also consider reflections.
Analyzing the influence of manufacturing conditions of reclaimed asphalt concrete on the characteristics of the asphalt binder: development of a gradual binder extraction method (2012)

When asphalt concrete is manufactured incorporating a high percentage (almost 70%) of reclaimed materials from the deconstruction of road surfaces under renovation, and when the corresponding production device is designed specifically to reduce the energy input need (lowering the production temperature), the resulting manufacturing process contributes to the protection of the environment and reduces production costs. However, to meet the quality requirements of the finished product, virgin materials of appropriate quality and quantity must also be added (mineral aggregates and new asphalt binder) and control systems set up to quantify and optimize the parameters involved (thus avoiding the guess work which still often prevails today). It was for this reason that a new experimental technique described here was devised, which will ultimately be used in asphalt concrete production plants. The technique involves lixiviating reclaimed asphalt concrete using a chlorinated solvent; the resulting solute is collected gradually, then the mixture of binders (virgin and reclaimed asphalt concrete) can be characterized and their mass fractions quantified using a combination of UV and IR spectrometry. With this experimental technique we were able to assess the extent to which the reclaimed asphalt pavement binder participates in the agglomeration and cohesion of the reclaimed asphalt concrete. This assessment was made in terms of the main parameters in the production process, temperature of the materials and mixing time.
Therapists' Professional and Personal Characteristics as Predictors of Working Alliance in Short‐Term and Long‐Term Psychotherapies (2013)

To investigate the determinants of the therapeutic working relationship and better understand its intrapersonal and interpersonal nature, this study investigated therapist characteristics as predictors of the formation and development of patient-rated and therapist-rated working alliances within a clinical trial of short-term versus long-term therapies. Short-term (solution-focused and short-term psychodynamic) and long-term (long-term psychodynamic therapy and psychoanalysis) therapies were provided by 70 volunteering, experienced therapists to 333 patients suffering from depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Therapists' professional and personal characteristics, measured prior to the start of the treatments, were assessed with the comprehensive self-report instrument, Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Questionnaire. The Working Alliance Inventory was rated by both therapists and patients at the third session and at the 7 months' follow-up point from the initiation of therapy. Therapists' self-rated basic interpersonal skills were found to predict the formation of better patient-rated alliances in both short-term and long-term therapies. Engaging, encouraging relational style fostered improvement of patients' working alliances especially in the course of short-term therapies. However, it led to patient alliance deterioration in long-term therapies, where constructive coping techniques proved more beneficial. Therapists' professional self-confidence and work enjoyment, along with their self-experiences in personal life, consistently predicted their alliances, but were less salient for patient ratings of alliance. The divergence of therapist and patient viewpoints has implications for therapist training and supervision, as characteristics found detrimental or helpful for the working relationship rated from the perspective of one party may not be predictive of the other therapy participant's experience.
Cover Picture: Plasma Process. Polym. 12∕2015 (2015)

Front Cover: Bleeding from vessels in clinical practice is controlled by cauterization with a thermal coagulator (TC). However, the mechanical contact and heat produced by the TC injures tissues and causes long-lasting infl ammation (upper panel). In contrast, hemostasis with non-thermal plasma (NTP) does not induce tissue damage. Positron emission tomography imaging with 18F-FDG, which is a radiopharmaceutical targeting infl ammation, noninvasively reveals that less invasiveness of hemostasis with NTP (lower panel). Further details can be found in the article by Masashi Ueda et al. on page 1338.
Ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone through water (2020)

Ring opening polymerization (ROP) through water is used to synthesize biodegradable polymers such as polycaprolactone (PCL).
C5a stimulates production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human mast cells and basophils (2002)

We have recently shown that resting human mast cells (MCs) produce tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) without simultaneously expressing plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). In the present study we have identified the anaphylatoxin rhC5a as a potent inducer of PAI-1 expression in human MCs and basophils. In primary human skin MCs and primary blood basophils, exposure to rhC5a was followed by an increase from undetectable to significant levels of PAI-1. In addition, rhC5a induced a concentration- and time-dependent increase in PAI-1 antigen in the MC line HMC-1 and the basophil cell line KU-812 and increased the expression of PAI-1 mRNA in HMC-1. In conditioned media of HMC-1 treated with rhC5a, active PAI-1 could be detected. A simultaneous loss of t-PA activity in conditioned media from the same cells indicated that rhC5a-induced PAI-1 was capable of inhibiting the enzymatic activity of coproduced t-PA. Correspondingly, the levels of t-PA-PAI-1 complexes increased in rhC5a-treated cells. When HMC-1 cells were incubated with pertussis toxin or anti-C5a receptor antibodies, the effect of rhC5a on PAI-1 production was completely abolished. Treatment of C5a with plasmin resulted in loss of its ability to induce PAI-1 production in MCs. Considering the suggested role for MCs and components of the complement system in the development of cardiovascular diseases, we hypothesize that MCs, by producing t-PA in a resting state and by expressing PAI-1 when activated by C5a, might participate in the modulation of the balance between proteases and protease inhibitors regulating tissue injury and repair in such disease processes.
Theoretical study of the silicon–oxygen hydrides SiOHn (n=0–4) and SiOH+n (n=0–5): Dissociation energies, ionization energies, enthalpies of formation, and proton affinities (1993)

The energies of silicon–oxygen hydrides SiOHn (n=0–4) and their cations SiOHn+ (n=0–5) have been studied using Gaussian-2 (G2) theory. Atomization energies, enthalpies of formation, bond dissociation energies, and ionization energies have been evaluated. There is little experimental thermochemical data available for these species, although many of them have been detected. In silanol, the O–H bond dissociation energy is 119.3 kcal/mol and the first Si–H bond dissociation energy is 92.6 kcal/mol. The O–H bond is significantly stronger than the same bond in methanol (105.0 kcal/mol) and the S–H bond in methylmercapton (86.0 kcal/mol). The silicon–oxygen systems tend to show a preference for isomers containing O–H bonds as opposed to H–Si bonds because of the strong O–H bond. The G2 proton affinity of SiO (191.1 kcal/mol at 298 K) is in good agreement with a recently measured value (189.3±2.6 kcal/mol at 295 K). The G2 ionization energy of SiO is 11.58 eV, in agreement with the observed value (11.61 eV) from the vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron spectrum.
A clockless, multi-stable, CMOS analog circuit (2014)

A CMOS analog circuit topology is presented that provides a number of stable operating points based on a laddered inverter quantizer (LIQAF) circuit. An input voltage sets the initial voltage state value when a CMOS transmission gate is turned on, and the voltage state then settles to the nearest stable operating point once the CMOS transmission gate is turned off. The proposed analog circuit achieves its stable operating levels through nonlinear, continuous-time feedback with a circuit that requires only a single supply voltage. An IC prototype demonstrates a 10-level version of the multi-stable circuit with an area of 0.015mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 0.18μm CMOS and current consumption of 300μA at 1.4V and <;45μA at 1V supply for a pair of the multi-stable circuits.
Direct measurement of antigens in serum by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. (1985)

Abstract A long-lived fluorescence label (Tb3+) has been attached to the antigen of interest by using a bifunctional chelating agent 1-(p-benzenediazonium)-EDTA. A nonequilibrium competitive-binding immunoassay protocol, in conjunction with time-resolved detection of the long-lived fluorescence label, allows the antigen to be analyzed directly in samples containing diluted human serum. Results obtained for immunoglobulin G with this simple and rapid procedure correlated well (r = 0.93) with those by a commercially available fluorescence immunoassay method.
Response ofCatolaccus grandis(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to its Natural Host After Ten Generations of Rearing on a Factitious Host,Callosobrucus maculatus(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (1999)

Catolaccus grandis (Burks), an ectoparasitoid of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, grandis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was reared in laboratory conditions on the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), as a factitious host to reduce costs on a mass propagation system. Total fecundity, daily oviposition, net reproductive rate, and sex ratio were evaluated and compared among females reared on A. grandis and C. maculatus. The larval data showed that C. maculatus is a viable alternative host for the rearing of C. grandis. After 10 generations of continuous rearing on C. maculatus,C. grandis females showed a significant switch in host acceptance as an oviposition site and remained even after rearing on A. grandis for 1 generation. For this reason, we do not recommend rearing C. grandis on C. maculatus for >1 generation. However, the use of A. grandis and C. maculatus as hosts may be an acceptable practice, given that host preference was not significantly affected on 1st-generation C. grandis females reared on C. maculatus.