gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the impact of view differentiation and backprojection weight in circle-plus-line cone-beam tomography (2007)

Recently, we proposed a new view differentiation scheme for analytical cone-beam reconstruction formulae that demonstrated a strong robustness to changes in the data acquisition geometry and to coarse view sampling, unlike former differentiation schemes. We incorporated this new scheme into the Katsevich reconstruction formula for the circle-plus-line trajectory. We also implemented an alternative Katsevich formula for the same trajectory, where the view differentiation step was eliminated by using integration by parts. This work evaluates both formulae in terms of resolution performance, noise performance, visual image quality and computational effort. We also evaluate the impact of the z-sampling on the line segment. Experiments are presented from simulated cone-beam data. The experiments show that the view differentiation approach with the new view differentiation scheme achieves similar image quality as the integration-by-part approach while being at the same time much more efficient.
Power-scaling of blue diode pumped solid-state lasers for the visible wavelength range (2009)

Lasers as light sources for projection applications provide several advantages: Compact as well as efficient displays can be realized by using lasers. With only 200mW in every primary colour a luminous flux of 100lm on the screen is achievable from a small device [1]. However, the bottleneck for this application is still the lack of integrated green laser sources. Especially blue diode pumped solid-state lasers, where for example a Pr:YLF-crystal is pumped by a GaN-laserdiode, have recently gained a lot of interest for such applications.
Towards improving uterine electrical activity modeling and electrohysterography: ultrasonic quantification of uterine movements during labor (2013)

The electrohysterogram is a potential new tool for diagnosing preterm labor. Parameters from the electrohysterogram may be influenced by uterine movement. An observational study was performed quantifying uterine movement during labor as a step towards improving electrohysterogram analysis for predicting preterm labor. The uterine wall was continuously tracked by ultrasound imaging during first stage of labor while an accelerometer recorded external abdominal accelerations in six women. A cyclic cranial-caudal movement of the uterine wall, caused by maternal respiration, was observed. This is reported and quantified for the first time. Average frequency, amplitude, and peak speed were 0.27 ± 0.07 Hz, 0.68 ± 0.84 cm, and 1.04 ± 1.20 cm/s, respectively. The accelerometer signal correlated with uterine movement and therefore can possibly provide a reference for removing movement-induced artifacts. There is a need to model and measure the effect of uterine movement on the electrohysterogram parameters and make measurements more robust to movement artifacts.
Performance analysis and visualization tools for cell/B.E. multicore environment (2008)

Code porting, optimizing and tuning has become a challenging task in multicore/many cores environment. It requires a different set of performance visualization tools to handle the complexity of the many cores and the size of performance data to find opportunities for optimization. This paper discusses performance visualization tools available for Cell/B.E. under the IBM Software Development Kit (SDK) for Multicore Acceleration Version 3.0. It also presents a methodology for porting, optimizing and tuning Cell applications by utilizing those tools. The paper starts with a simple scalar program example which can also be found in the IBM tutorial for the Cell programming, and then describes all the needed steps to make it fully tuned and scaled for the Cell Broadband Engine.
Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations to Investigate Asphaltenes at the Oil–Water Interface (2015)

In the present work, we investigate, by means of theoretical simulation, the preferred orientation of a model asphaltene molecule at the oil–water interface (monomer). The coarse-grained model molecules at the mesoscale level, using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), are adopted. The central polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) core and the peripheral alkanes in the asphaltene are considered. The asphaltene model construction by coarse grain mapping is proposed and analyzed, as well as the effect of using different solubility parameters in the construction of the potential interaction of the beads in the coarse grained asphaltene model. Also, the effect of surface coverage for a structure where steric effects dominate is presented as well as the effect of asphaltene coarse-grain nanoaggregates at the oil–water region. Finally, the orientation at the oil–water interface of an asphaltene with peripheral oxygen moieties is studied. Toluene is used as a model of oil. Three different orientations of the asphaltene model are used as starting configurations: horizontal to the oil–water interface, perpendicular to the oil–water interface, and tilted 45° with respect to the oil–water interface. In all cases, it is found that the asphaltene molecule stays at the oil–water interface with the preferred orientation where the aromatic region lays in the plane of the oil–water interface while the aliphatic chains are perpendicular to the oil–water interface and in the oil region. This molecular orientation remains in the case of higher asphaltene surface coverage. Due to steric hindrance, some of the asphaltenes migrate to the bulk and some remain at the oil–water interface. Asphaltene molecules in the bulk oil are found to interact by π–π stacking interaction of the aromatic cores. For the case of the nanoaggregate, where the aromatic core is surrounded by alkyl chains, it is observed that the aggregate migrates to the bulk of the oil region; thus these nanoaggregates do not load onto the oil–water interface. For the case of the coarse grain asphaltene with peripheral oxygen moieties, it is found that the oxygen moieties orient in plane at the oil–water interface while the PAH orients out of plane and into the toluene region. These many findings are consistent with extensive experimental results as discussed. The combination of coarse grain and DPD dynamics, while maintaining the major structural characteristics in the coarse grain mapping of asphaltene species, represents a powerful tool that will help to answer questions about oil–water emulsions.
Passive and active optical fibers for space and terrestrial applications (2006)

Being the new frontier of science and technology, as the near earth space begins to attract attention, low cost and rapidly deployable earth observation satellites are becoming more important. Among other things these satellites are expected to carry out missions in the general areas of science and technology, remote sensing, national defense and telecommunications. Except for critical missions, constraints of time and money practically mandate the use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components as the only viable option. The near earth space environment (~50-50000 miles) is relatively hostile and among other things components/devices/systems are exposed to ionizing radiation. Photonic devices/systems are and will continue to be an integral part of satellites and their payloads. The ability of such devices/systems to withstand ionizing radiation is of extreme importance. Qualification of such devices/systems is time consuming and very expensive. As a result, manufacturers of satellites and their payloads have started to ask for radiation performance data on components from the individual vendors. As an independent manufacturer of both passive and active specialty silica optical fibers, Nufern is beginning to address this issue. Over the years, Nufern has developed fiber designs, compositions and processes to make radiation hard fibers. Radiation performance data (both gamma and proton) of a variety of singlemode (SM), multimode (MM), polarization maintaining (PM) and rare-earth doped (RED) fibers that find applications in space environment are presented.
Invertebrate DNA methylation and gene regulation (2021)

Abstract As human activity alters the planet, there is a pressing need to understand how organisms adapt to environmental change. Of growing interest in this area is the role of epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, in tailoring gene expression to fit novel conditions. Here, we reanalyzed nine invertebrate (Anthozoa and Hexapoda) datasets to validate a key prediction of this hypothesis: changes in DNA methylation in response to some condition correlate with changes in gene expression. While we detected both differential methylation and differential expression, there was no simple relationship between these differences. Hence, if changes in DNA methylation regulate invertebrate transcription, the mechanism does not follow a simple linear relationship.
Coding of distortion-corrected fisheye video sequences using H.265/HEVC (2014)

Images and videos captured by fisheye cameras exhibit strong radial distortions due to their large field of view. Conventional intra-frame as well as inter-frame prediction techniques as employed in hybrid video coding schemes are not designed to cope with such distortions, however. So far, captured fish-eye data has been coded and stored without consideration to any loss in efficiency resulting from radial distortion. This paper investigates the effects on the coding efficiency when applying distortion correction as a pre-processing step as opposed to the state-of-the-art method of post-processing. Both methods make use of the latest video coding standard H.265/HEVC and are compared with regard to objective as well as subjective video quality. It is shown that a maximum PSNR gain of 1.91 dB for intra-frame and 1.37 dB for inter-frame coding is achieved when using the pre-processing method. Average gains amount to 1.16 dB and 0.95 dB for intra-frame and inter-frame coding, respectively.
Zur stabilität der komplexen anionen bei der kationischen polymerisation (1979)

Abstract The counterions appearing in the mechanism of the cationic polymerization are able to decay according to magnified image and so give rise to termination reactions. For the model systems (C 6 H 5 ) 3 C ⊕ MtX ⊖ n+1 (Mt = B, Al, Sn, P, As, Sb, In, Ti, Fe; X = F, Cl, Br) the decay has been investigated by spectroscopic and conductometric methods. The overall decay rate constant k z is hardly influenced by traces of water ( c H2O &lt;10 −3 mol.l −1 ) and by structure variations of the cation. On the other hand, k z increases by decreasing the concentration of the salt. When the structure is varied k z increases with decreasing donor strength of the ligands X; the sensitivity of the anion to changes in the ligand sphere increases corresponding to the ionization potential of the central atom Mt. Addition of tetracyanoethylene raises the stability of the anions. The results can be explained by the HSAB principle and fit well in a scheme of stabilization of anions by acceptors.
Experimental observation of optical patterns in multi quantum well microcavities (1999)

There has been in the last decade an increasing development in the field of Transverse Nonlinear Optics (TNO), mostly because the interplay of nonlinear light propagation with transverse mechanisms such as light diffraction or transverse diffusion of excited lead to self-organization. Recently, systems including a nonlinear resonator have been a subject for intense and fruitful theoretical work.
Influence of the Oil on the Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Emulsion-Templated Tin/Carbon Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

Tin (Sn) is a useful anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity. We fabricated oil-in-water emulsion-templated tin nanoparticle/carbon black (SnNP/CB) anodes with octane, hexadecane, 1-chlorohexadecane, and 1-bromohexadecane as the oil phases. Emulsion creaming, the oil vapor pressure, and the emulsion droplet size distribution all affect drying and thus the morphology of the dried emulsion. This morphology has a direct impact on the electrochemical performance of the anode. SnNP/CB anodes prepared with hexadecane showed very few cracks and had the highest capacities and capacity retention. The combination of low vapor pressure, creaming, which forced the emulsion droplets into a close-packed arrangement on the surface of the continuous water phase, and the small droplets allowed for gentle evaporation of the liquids during drying. This led to lower differential stresses on the sample and reduced cracking. For octane, the vapor pressure was high, the droplet sizes were large for 1-cholorohexadecane, and there was no creaming for 1-bromohexadecane. All of these factors contributed to cracking of the anode surface during drying and reduced the electrochemical performance. Choosing an oil with balanced properties is important for obtaining the best cell performance for emulsion-templated anodes for LIBs.
Involvement of cancer stem cells in glioblastoma angiogenesis (2015)

It is widely accepted that glioblastoma (GBM) develops from cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of stem-like cells displaying high resistance to treatment. In fact, despite aggressive therapy, 90% of patients relapse within 2 cm from tumor edge. Our recent findings showed the existence of a CSC type, residing in GBM peritumor tissue (PCSCs), that bears distinct characteristics from CSCs of the tumor mass (GCSCs). It should be considered the possibility that, after surgical resection, PCSCs might represent a reservoir of cells able to recapitulate the tumor. In this setting, characterization of PCSCs appears to be crucial in order to identify novel effective therapeutic targets. Thus, our aim was to investigate GCSCs and PCSCs role in angiogenesis, a key event in both GBM and peritumor tissue, whose vasculature shows features similar to those found in the tumor mass. In particular, we analyzed, by immunocytochemistry (ICC), Western blotting or real-time PCR, the expression of molecules involved in hypoxia and angiogenesis, such as HIF1α, HIF2α, and VEGF along with its receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2). ICC has highlighted the presence and the specific localization of these molecules in both GCSCs and PCSCs. The two cell populations showed comparable levels of VEGF. The transcript of VEGFR1 was in general expressed at higher levels in GCSCs than in PCSCs, while VEGFR2 mRNA and protein did not show a unique trend of expression. The expression of VEGF and its receptors in both GCSCs and PCSCs suggests that, besides well-known paracrine loops, autocrine signalings are also involved in tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, the expression of angiogenesis markers in PCSCs suggests these cells to have a direct role in peritumor tissue new vessel formation. In this regard, PCSCs should be considered a promising therapeutic target to counteract the angiogenesis-supported tumor progression.
Baumycins, new antitumor antibiotics related to daunomycin. (1977)

In the course of studies on antitumor anthracycline glycosides, new members of the daunomycin group, baumycins A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2 have been isolated from culture broths of
Autophagy in human skin fibroblasts: Comparison between young and aged cells and evaluation of its cellular rhythm and response to Ultraviolet A radiation. (2016)

Autophagic mechanisms play critical roles in cell maintenance. Damaged organelles that are not removed by autophagosomes, which act by engulfing and degrading these cellular components, have been linked to various pathologies. Recently, the progression of aging has also been correlated to a compromised autophagic response. Here, we report for the first time a significant reduction in autophagic levels in synchronized aged normal human skin fibroblasts as compared to young fibroblasts. We measured a 77.9% reduction in autophagy as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for LC3B expression, a microtubule-associated protein correlated to late stage autophagosome formation. In addition, we visualized these same changes by immunocytofluorescence with antibodies directed against LC3B. By harvesting synchronized, as well as unsynchronized cells over time, we were also able to measure for the first time a nighttime peak in autophagy that was present in young but absent in aged fibroblasts. Finally, since human skin is constantly subjected to environmentally induced oxidative stress from sunlight, we exposed fibroblasts to 10 J/cm2 ultraviolet A and found, in good agreement with current literature, not only that irradiation could partially reactivate autophagy in the aged cells, but also that this increase was phase shifted earlier from its endogenous temporal pattern because of its loss of synchronization with circadian rhythm.
Comparison of semicircular and bent tips regarding regional differences in oscillation amplitude under various torsional power settings (2020)

The amplitude does not increase proportionally and varies markedly with the tip shape on reaching the upper limit, suggesting that a higher power setting might not contribute greatly to nuclear fragmentation. The balanced tip might cause greater damage to surrounding tissues if it is inserted at approximately 3 mm from the wound site. To obtain maximum shaft stability using the balanced tip, it is important to insert at least 5 mm.
BM3D-AMP: A new image recovery algorithm based on BM3D denoising (2015)

A denoising algorithm seeks to remove perturbations or errors from a signal. The last three decades have seen extensive research devoted to this arena, and as a result, today's denoisers are highly optimized algorithms that effectively remove large amounts of additive white Gaussian noise. A compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm seeks to recover a structured signal acquired from a small number of randomized measurements. Typical CS reconstruction algorithms can be cast as iteratively estimating a signal from a perturbed observation. This paper answers a natural question: How can one effectively employ a generic denoiser in a CS reconstruction algorithm? In response, we develop a denoising-based approximate message passing (D-AMP) algorithm that is capable of high-performance reconstruction. We demonstrate using the high performance BM3D denoiser that D-AMP offers state-of-the-art CS recovery performance for natural images (on average 9dB better than sparsity-based algorithms), while operating tens of times faster than the only competitive method. A critical insight in our approach is the use of an appropriate Onsager correction term in the D-AMP iterations, which coerces the signal perturbation at each iteration to be very close to the white Gaussian noise that denoisers are typically designed to remove. On the analytical side, we develop a new state evolution framework for deterministic signals that accurately predicts the performance of D-AMP and enables us to derive several useful theoretical features.
Cryogenic Temperature Deposition of High-Performance CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB Magnetic Tunnel Junctions on ϕ300 mm Wafers (2023)

We developed a cryogenic temperature deposition process for high-performance CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) on ϕ300 mm thermally oxidized silicon wafers. The effect of the deposition temperature of the CoFeB layers on the nanostructure, magnetic, and magneto-transport properties of the MTJs was investigated in detail. When CoFeB was deposited at 100 K, the MTJs exhibited a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of 214 μJ/m2 and a voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) coefficient of −45 fJ/V m, corresponding to 1.4- and 1.7-fold enhancements in PMA and VCMA, respectively, compared to the case of room-temperature deposition of CoFeB. The improvement in the MTJ properties was not simply due to the morphology of the MTJ films. The interface-sensitive magneto-transport properties indicated that interfacial qualities such as intermixing and oxidation states at the MgO/CoFeB interfaces were improved by the cryogenic temperature deposition. A cryogenic temperature sputtering deposition is expected to be a standard manufacturing process for next-generation magnetoresistive random-access memory.
Analysis of Effective Gate Length Modulation by X-Ray Irradiation for Fully Depleted SOI p-MOSFETs (2015)

An X-ray irradiation degradation mechanism has been investigated for fully depleted-silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) p-channel MOSFETs (p-MOSFETs). It is found that the drain current degradation by the X-ray irradiation has gate length dependence showing 20% degradation for L = 0.2 μm, while 8% for L = 10 μm after the 1.4 kGy(Si) X-ray irradiation. Using Terada's method, it was found that the degradation is not due to mobility degradation but due to radiation-induced gate length modulation (RIGLEM) and the associated increase of source and drain parasitic resistance. The major cause of degradation induced by the RIGLEM is explained by an analytical model, assuming a positive charge generation in sidewall spacers. It can be suggested that the X-ray irradiation degradation of FD-SOI p-MOSFET can be improved by optimizing the lightly doped drain region.
Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Thiols Using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gas-Diffusion Electrodes for Oxygen Reduction Loaded with Large Surface Area La1−xCaxMO3(M=Co,Mn) (1988)

Abstract Oxygen reduction performances of gas-diffusion type carbon electrodes loaded with perovskite-type oxides La1−xCaxMO3 (M=Co,Mn) were examined in 30 wt% KOH at 25 °C. The highest electrode performance, i.e., 2600 mA/cm2 at −125 mV vs. Hg/HgO, was obtained with large surface area La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 prepared by an amorphous precursor method.
A sub-microwatt threshold Raman silicon laser using a high-Q nanocavity (2015)

We develop a nanocavity Raman Si laser with a sub-microwatt threshold of 0.52 μW by accurately matching a frequency spacing of the two nanocavity modes to the Raman shift of Si nanocavity.
Defective intracellular transport of CLN3 is the molecular basis of Batten disease (JNCL) (1999)

Batten disease [juvenile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL)], the most common progressive encephalopathy of childhood, is caused by mutations in a novel lysosomal membrane protein (CLN3) with unknown function. In this study, we have confirmed the lysosomal localization of the CLN3 protein by immunoelectron microscopy by co-localizing it with soluble and membrane-associated lysosomal proteins. We have analysed the intracellular processing and localization of two mutants, 461-677del, which is present in 85% of CLN3 alleles and causes the classical JNCL, and E295K [corrected], which is a rare missense mutation associated with an atypical form of JNCL. Pulse-chase labelling and immunoprecipitation of the two mutant proteins in COS-1-cells indicated that 461-677del is synthesized as an approximately 24 kDa truncated polypeptide, whereas the maturation of E295K [corrected] resembles that of the wild-type CLN3 polypeptide. Transient expression of the two mutants in BHK cells showed that 461-677del is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas E295K [corrected] was capable of reaching the lysosomal compartment. The CLN3 polypeptides were expressed further in mouse primary neurons where the wild-type CLN3 protein was localized both in the cell soma and in neuronal extensions, whereas the 461-677del mutant was arrested in the cell soma. Interestingly, co-localization of the wild-type CLN3 and E295K [corrected] proteins with a synaptic vesicle marker indicates that the CLN3 protein might participate in synaptic vesicle transport/transmission. The data presented here provide clear evidence for a cellular distinction between classical and atypical forms of Batten disease both in neural and non-neural cells.