gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanines: limiting phthalocyanine aggregation to dimer formation (2001)

The synthesis and characterization of a soluble metal-free polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanine and the corresponding lead compound are described. This phthalocyanine was designed to allow the formation of dimers but to inhibit formation of higher aggregates. The monomer/dimer equilibrium constant in chloroform solutions is 750 ± 20 l mol -1 . No evidence for higher aggregates was found. The molecular extinction coefficient of the metal-free polyethyleneoxide-capped phthalocyanine in chloroform is one of the lowest known (2.5 × 104 l mol -1 cm -1 ). The lead-substituted material was demonstrated to be a reverse saturable absorber from 532 nm to about 610 nm. It possesses a large nonlinear absorption coefficient in the visible and is a promising optical limiter material.
Preface (1996)

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The Separation Power of Nanotubes in Membranes: A Review (2012)

Research on mixed matrix membranes in which nanoparticles are used to enhance the membrane's performance in terms of flux, separation, and fouling resistance has boomed in the last years. This review probes on the specific features and benefits of one specific type of nanoparticles with a well-defined cylindrical structure, known as nanotubes. Nanotube structures for potential use in membranes are reviewed. These comprise mainly single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), but also other structures and materials, which are less studied for membrane applications, can be used. Important issues related to polymer-nanotube interactions such as dispersion and alignment are outlined, and a categorization is made of the resultant membranes. Applications are reviewed in four different areas, that is, gas separation, water filtration, drug delivery, and fuel cells.
Propulsion and Power Rapid Response Research and Development (R&D) Support. Task Order 0011: JP-8+100 Development History and Maintenance Benefits (2010)

Abstract : JP-8+100 was introduced into the field in 1994. Since that time, JP-8+100 has received limited acceptance due to a lack of solid engineering information and scientific fact regarding use and limitations of the additive Spec-Aid(registered trademark) 8Q462. As a result, no official Air Force position has ever been established regarding the additive's use or non-use. In 2006, Senior Leader for Propulsion, Ted Fecke convened and tasked an IPT to formulate and recommend a supportable Air Force position regarding the use of JP-8+100 in Air Force Weapons Systems. In fulfillment of that tasking, the IPT has collected all relevant available technical and scientific information about JP-8+100 and has formulated a supportable position based on these facts. In conclusion, this report documents field data and maintenance experience supporting the use of JP-8+100 additive technology in all Air Force Weapon Systems using JP-8.
IDDF2020-ABS-0194 Timing of endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a territory-wide cohort study (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Whilst it is commonly recommended that patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) should receive endoscopic evaluation within 24 hours, the optimal timing is yet to be established. We aimed to assess, for AUGIB patients, whether endoscopy timing after hospital admission would significantly affect clinical outcomes. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective, territory-wide, cohort study with clinical data extracted from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HA) Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS). Patients of age 18 and above that (a) presented with AUGIB to the public hospital between 2013–2019 and (b) received therapeutic endoscopy within 48 hours (n = 6,474) were recruited. Patients were classified into 3 groups based on endoscopic timing after admission: urgent (t ≤ 6), early (6 &lt; t ≤ 24) and late (24 &lt; t ≤ 48). Important baseline characteristics (e.g. blood tests and comorbidities) were balanced with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). After balancing, the 30-day all-cause mortality, 30-day repeated therapeutic endoscopy rate, 30-day ICU admission rate and other endpoints were compared. We hypothesised that, amongst the three groups, early timing would be associated with the best clinical outcomes. Subgroup analysis was performed based on comorbidity burden and aetiology of bleeding. Sensitivity analysis was performed. <h3>Results</h3> With IPTW, differences in patient characteristics across 3 groups were well balanced. Results showed that urgent (n = 1,008) and late endoscopy (n = 1,601) had worse outcomes compared to early endoscopy (n = 3,865), with higher 30-day mortality, repeat endoscopy rates and ICU admission rates. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Compared to urgent and late endoscopy, early endoscopy timing was significantly associated with superior outcomes. This supports the notion that AUGIB patients should receive endoscopy within 24 hours, but also emphasises the importance of adequate resuscitation, medical optimisation and pharmacotherapy before rushing patients to endoscopy.
Fluorescent Visualization of Src by Using Dasatinib‐BODIPY (2014)

Many biological experiments are not compatible with the use of immunofluorescence, genetically encoded fluorescent tags, or FRET-based reporters. Conjugation of existing kinase inhibitors to cell-permeable fluorophores can provide a generalized approach to develop fluorescent probes of intracellular kinases. Here, we report the development of a small molecule probe of Src through conjugation of BODIPY to two well-established dual Src-Abl kinase inhibitors, dasatinib and saracatinib. We show that this approach is not successful for saracatinib but that dasatinib-BODIPY largely retains the biological activity of its parent compound and can be used to monitor the presence of Src kinase in individual cells by flow cytometry. It can also be used to track the localization of Src by fixed and live-cell fluorescence microscopy. This strategy could enable generation of additional kinase-specific probes useful in systems not amenable to genetic manipulation or could be used together with fluorescent proteins to enable a multiplexed assay readout.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Combined Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) and WEE1 Inhibition Demonstrates Synergistic Antitumor Effect in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3 related to Figure 5A-C. (A) Individual tumor volume changes in FaDu-xenografted mice treated with vehicle, adavosertib (30 mg/kg or 90 mg/kg, daily, p.o.), alisertib (30 mg/kg, daily, p.o.), or the combinations of alisertib with either adavosertib (30 mg/kg) or adavosertib (90 mg/kg). Tumor volume changes of all mice belonged to this study was shown in bottom panel (n = 8-9 per group). Significant differences between the combination and single drug alone are shown. (B) Body weight (g) of mice was monitored twice a week. Humane endpoint was considered when tumor volume reached 1,000 mm3 following IACUC policy. Graphs depict Mean {plus minus} SEM.&lt;/p&gt;
Next-generation ABACUS biosensors reveal cellular ABA dynamics driving root growth at low aerial humidity (2023)

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates under abiotic stress to recast water relations and development. To overcome a lack of high-resolution sensitive reporters, we developed ABACUS2s-next-generation Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors for ABA with high affinity, signal-to-noise ratio and orthogonality-that reveal endogenous ABA patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. We mapped stress-induced ABA dynamics in high resolution to reveal the cellular basis for local and systemic ABA functions. At reduced foliar humidity, root cells accumulated ABA in the elongation zone, the site of phloem-transported ABA unloading. Phloem ABA and root ABA signalling were both essential to maintain root growth at low humidity. ABA coordinates a root response to foliar stresses, enabling plants to maintain foraging of deeper soil for water uptake.
Hemoglobin Gavello - α2β247(CD6) Asp → Gly a new Hemoglobin Variant from Polesine (Italy) (1977)

During a survey for abnormal hemoglobins in Polesine (a region north of the Po river, where beta-thalassemia is very frequent) a slow moving variant was noted in a 79-yr-old woman living in Gavello, a small town in the province of Rovigo. Structural studies demonstrated a previously undescribed amino acid substitution, beta47 Asp replaced by Gly. This new variant has been named Hb Gavello.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Effective Clinical Responses in Metastatic Melanoma Patients after Vaccination with Primary Myeloid Dendritic Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic overview of the 44 h mDC vaccine preparation cycle and vaccination strategy.&lt;/p&gt;
Monodisperse Spray Cooling of Small Surface Areas at High Heat Flux (2012)

Spray cooling is an effective method to remove high heat fluxes from electronic components. To understand the physical mechanisms, this work studies heat transfer rates from single and dual nozzle distilled water sprays on a small heated surface (1.3 mm × 2 mm). Thermal ink jet atomizers generate small droplets, 33 μm diameter, at known frequencies, leading to controlled spray conditions with a monodisperse stream of droplets interacting with the hot surface. Of particular interest in this work is the dissipated heat flux and its relation to the liquid film thickness, the surface superheat, and the cooling mass flow rate. Experimental results show the heat flux scales to the cooling mass flow rate. In comparison to published spreading–splashing correlations, these experiments indicate that the drops impinge on the liquid film and spread without generating splashing, leading to high-efficiency stable heat transfer. Surface temperatures range from 120 to 140°C. In addition, the liquid film thickness is investigated in relation to the heater superheat and a stable thin film is seen at superheats beyond 20°C. The efficiency of the spray system is inversely related to the film thickness and may be due to ejection of liquid from the surface due to bursting of vapor bubbles.
Discovery of the hepatitis C virus (2009)

After nearly 6 years of intensive investigations between 1982 and 1988 in my laboratory at Chiron corporation, in which numerous molecular biological methods were used to investigate the viral aetiology of parenterally transmitted non-A, non-B viral hepatitis (NANBH), a single cDNA clone (5-1-1) was isolated that was shown to be derived from a new flavi-like virus, termed the hepatitis C virus (HCV). After screening hundreds of millions of bacterial cDNA clones derived from different liver and plasma samples obtained from experimentally infected chimpanzees, a single HCV clone was eventually isolated using a novel, blind immunoscreening method in which antibodies derived from a clinically diagnosed NANBH patient were used to identify a cDNA clone encoding an immunodominant epitope within HCV nonstructural protein 4. Its viral origin was demonstrated by its specific hybridization to a large single-stranded RNA molecule of approximately 10,000 nucleotides found only in NANBH-infected samples that shared distant sequence identity with flaviviruses. Further, HCV clone 5-1-1 was shown to be extrachromosomal and to encode an antigen eliciting antibody seroconversion only in NANBH-infected chimpanzees and humans. Subsequent work demonstrated that HCV was the principal cause of parenterally transmitted NANBH around the world, with an estimated 170 million global carriers and that blood screening tests detecting circulating HCV antibodies and viral RNA could effectively eradicate the transmission of transfusion-associated NANBH. Key viral-encoded enzymes essential to its life cycle are now the targets of vigorous, ongoing drug development activities, and the feasibility of successful vaccination strategies has been demonstrated using the valuable chimpanzee model, without which any progress on HCV would not have been possible. My colleagues and coworkers who made essential contributions to the discovery of HCV were George Kuo, who had his own laboratory at Chiron and who provided intellectual and practical input, Dan Bradley of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, who provided a large supply of well-characterized chimpanzee samples and knowledge of the NANBH field, and Qui-Lim Choo, in my own laboratory, who provided many years of outstandingly dedicated and precise molecular biology expertise.
I/O acceleration with pattern detection (2013)

The I/O bottleneck in high-performance computing is becoming worse as application data continues to grow. In this work, we explore how patterns of I/O within these applications can significantly affect the effectiveness of the underlying storage systems and how these same patterns can be utilized to improve many aspects of the I/O stack and mitigate the I/O bottleneck. We offer three main contributions in this paper. First, we develop and evaluate algorithms by which I/O patterns can be efficiently discovered and described. Second, we implement one such algorithm to reduce the metadata quantity in a virtual parallel file system by up to several orders of magnitude, thereby increasing the performance of writes and reads by up to 40 and 480 percent respectively. Third, we build a prototype file system with pattern-aware prefetching and evaluate it to show a 46 percent reduction in I/O latency. Finally, we believe that efficient pattern discovery and description, coupled with the observed predictability of complex patterns within many high-performance applications, offers significant potential to enable many additional I/O optimizations.
Frequency Response of Thin-Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators to the Deposition of Tungsten, Platinum, Aluminium Oxide and Carbon Nanotube Thin-Films (2012)

Thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) can be used as mass sensors when the adsorbed mass is linear to the frequency shift caused by the adsorption. This is, however, only the case if the adsorbed layer is thin compared to the thickness of the resonator. In this paper, we investigate the adsorption of films with thicknesses of some nanometres up to few hundreds of nanometres. With this range, we cover films thicknesses being small compared to the resonator and thicknesses in the range of the resonator thickness. The adsorption of materials was simulated for materials with different mass densities and acoustic velocities. Thin films of platinum, aluminium oxide, tungsten and carbon nanotubes were deposited on the FBAR and the results were fitted to the model used in the simulations. The acoustic velocity of the carbon nanotube films was much lower than the other materials investigated in this study. With this interesting property, carbon nanotube thin-films are a promising material for acoustic devices where materials with particularly low acoustic impedance are desired. The paper shows that the FBAR can be a useful tool to characterise mechanical properties of thin films in situ in the micro- and nanoscale within a certain range of parameters. Keywords: Acoustic properties, acoustic impedance, thin film bulk acoustic resonator, FBAR, shear mode, carbon nanotubes
Metamaterials: Micrometer‐Scale Cubic Unit Cell 3D Metamaterial Layers (Adv. Mater. 44/2010) (2010)

Membrane projection lithography is used to deposit split ring resonator structures (SRRs) on the interior faces of a cubic SU-8 cavity in work reported by Bruce Burckel and co-workers on p. 5053. The arrows in the inset schematic diagram show three of the five evaporation directions, while the SEM image shows the resulting metamaterial layers with SRRs on each of the five interior faces of the 6-μm cubic unit cell.
Observation of ultrafast all-optical modulation based on intersubband transition in n-doped quantum wells by using free electron laser (1996)

A picosecond-range all-optical modulation based on the nonlinear interaction between interband- and intersubband-resonant light in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells was demonstrated. A free electron laser (FEL) with a very short pulse width (&amp;lt;10 ps) was used for the intersubband excitation. The dependence of the modulation depth on the wavelength of the intersubband-resonant light was investigated by utilizing the wide tunability of the FEL. The result is in good agreement with the intersubband absorption spectrum of the multiple quantum wells measured by FT-IR spectroscopy, which indicates that the observed modulation is indeed based on the intersubband transition induced by the FEL.
The WAAS/L5 Signal for Robust Time Transfer: Adaptive Beamsteering Antennas for Satellite Time Synchronization (2010)

Geostationary satellites of the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) offer a novel, robust, and cost-effective means of synchronizing time at widely-separated ground facilities, to levels of ~50ns, without the need for dedicated long-distance wired communication networks. However, reliance on satellite-based signals for time synchronization in high-reliability applications is problematic without explicit hardening against radio frequency interference (RFI). The primary innovations to be discussed in this paper are: (1) adaptive electronicallysteered multi-element antenna arrays and signal processing strategies for RFI mitigation, (2) live signal, synthetic interference, and hardware-in-the-loop testing of jammer cancellation algorithms, and (3) preparations for over-the-air interference tests which will probe the effects of front-end saturation on digital beamsteering performance. We describe a hardware system assembled from readily-available commercial building blocks (data acquisition system, antennas, etc.), and a critical goal of this research is to realize significant GPS anti-jam performance in an open-architecture (or non-defenserelated) platform. Therefore, the central innovations in this research enable adaptive electronic beamsteering with high-dynamic-range signals (14-bit I/Q digitization), employing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and computer systems, and targeted for a civilian highreliability, high-volume (many hundreds of deployed systems) GPS timing application.
Mechanical and Microstructural Characterisation of a Free Standing Plasma Sprayed Alumina (1998)

Abstract Plasma spraying, commonly used for wear and heat resistant barriers, can be used to produce free-standing bulk ceramic parts as well. In this work the microstructure and phase development of a bulk plasma-sprayed alumina material with about 14 % porosity and splat like grains is investigated in the as-sprayed and various annealed material conditions, using electron microscopic and x-ray diffraction techniques. The fracture characteristics are investigated using standard CT specimens in in-situ SEM experiments. The mechanical response of the material is clearly a result of two features: the pronounced alignment of microstructure itself, and the occurrence of a splat-internal microcrack sub-structure in the as-sprayed condition. This microcrack substructure is a consequence of a splat internal columnar subgrain structure which occurs as a result of the rapid cooling conditions on deposition. The morphology of this subgrain structure and its phase composition is seen to change extensively on annealing. It is found that the mechanical behaviour of the as sprayed material is dominated by this internal subgrain structure, but the behaviour of sufficiently annealed material is dominated by the morphology and mechanical stability of the splat like grains themselves. The biggest change on annealing is not an overall sintering effect, but rather the recrystallisation of the splat internal substructure
Potential Use of Oil-Field Produced Water as Base Fluid for Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Effect of Water Chemistry on Crosslinking and Breaking Behaviors of Guar Gum-Based Fracturing Fluid Formulations (2017)

Abstract Though, only few hundreds of hydraulic fracturing jobs are carried out in California, however, the use of oilfield-produced water resulting from conventional oil production operations for preparing fracturing fluid formulations appears a great alternative for unlocking the potential of Monterey shale without putting burden on precious fresh water resources of the region. The present experimental study reports on the crosslinking and breaking behaviors of guar-gum based fracturing fluids formulations prepared using synthetic but representative oil-field produced water samples. The results suggest that the base fluid composition had little effect on the crosslinking behavior when crosslinked formulations were subjected to high shear rate. On other hand, breaking behavior of the studied fracturing fluid formations was affected by the guar gum concentration used for preparing the formulations. The efficacy of a commercially available bio-degradable breaker in breaking in cross-linked formulations was also evaluated at elevated temperature up to 185°F. The crosslinking and breaking behaviors of fracturing fluid formulations prepared using oil-field produced water as base fluids were comparable to the behaviors of typical fracturing fluid formations prepared using 2% potassium chloride solution as base fluid. The results of this study are encouraging as conventional oil and gas production operations in California can provide an alternative source of water for base fluid to use in hydraulic fracturing based exploitation of Monterey shale resource in near future. Use of sea water for preparing fracturing fluid formulations for offshore applications will also help in reducing the need of treated sea water for any futre growth of hydraulic facturing technology in offshore environment. It is noted here that the paper is a derivative work of the original paper first published in the Energy and Environment Research Journal (Vol. 6, No. 1; June 2016).
Photosynthesis on the Ultrafast Time Scale within the Confinements of Quantum Nanostructured Photosystems (2021)

Fundamental information on the behavior of excited chlorophyll molecules packed within the confinements of nanosized photosystems I and II, following absorption of light, is presented. Using a 100 femtosecond laser with nanojoule (nJ) pulse energy and a one picosecond streak camera, we observed the light emitted from the nanostructured photosystems without oscillations or hops. The fluorescent exponential decay profiles and high efficiency within the nanostructure suggest that light coherently drains out as a unit. This implies that "quantumness" is linked to quantum confinement on the nano scale.
Optical coherence tomography of developing embryonic morphology (1996)

Summary form only given. Recent advances in molecular biology techniques have permitted the site specific insertion of predetermined mutations into embryos for the investigation of normal and abnormal development. Currently, there are several imaging modalities available to observe the expression of genetic mutations, but these typically require small, transparent, or fixed specimens. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers the ability to image in vivo developing morphology in many of the animal models used for genetic studies. In addition, OCT has the potential to rapidly and repeatedly acquire optical histology to assess development and to identify the expression of normal and abnormal genes. Optical coherence tomography is an imaging modality that permits the in vivo investigation of biological specimens on the micron scale. The imaging technique can be thought of as an analog to ultrasound B-mode imaging except backscattering of light from biological tissue layers is detected rather than acoustic reflections. OCT incorporates a fiber-optic-based Michelson interferometer using a 1300-nm low-coherent superluminescent diode (SLD) as its light source to measure the intensity of optical backscattering from within the specimen. OCT images are shown of in vivo developing morphology from a leopard frog tadpole.