gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of KrF excimer laser irradiation on metal contacts to n-type and p-type GaN (2003)

Electrical properties of metal contacts on laser-irradiated n-type and p-type GaN surfaces were investigated using current–voltage, capacitance–voltage, and synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. After the irradiation of a KrF excimer laser pulse (600 mJ/cm2 at 248 nm for 38 ns) onto Si-doped GaN, a nonalloyed Ti/Al metallization formed an ohmic contact with the specific contact resistivity of 1.7×10−6 Ω cm2. The laser irradiation decomposed GaN into metallic Ga and nitrogen gas. The decomposed metallic Ga reacted with oxygen in air to form a Ga oxide layer with the thickness of ∼40 Å, producing a large number of N vacancies near the surface. The formation of a degenerated n-type GaN layer resulted in the low contact resistivity. For Mg-doped GaN, the laser irradiation increased the effective acceptor concentration. Simultaneously, the activation efficiency of Mg dopants was enhanced by the photon-assisted breaking of Mg–H bonds and/or the removal of hydrogen atoms in the presence of oxygen, producing the p-type GaN with an increased hole concentration. As a result, the contact resistivity of an oxidized Ni/Au contact could be reduced from 1.3×10−3 to 3.6×10−4 Ω cm2.
Fully-isolated NLDMOS behavior investigation during reverse recovery of parasitic diodes (2015)

The behavior of the fully-isolated laterally diffused MOSFETs (LDMOS) during reverse recovery of parasitic diodes such as buck converter or white light emitting diode (WLED) driver application was presented. The fully-isolated MOSFETs with parasitic diodes have been realized for high power application, but the related reverse recovery charge (Qrr) model fitting accuracy is still an issue for these devices. Generally, only a single model is used to cover all of the applications. However, Qrr behaviors are different between WLED driver and buck converter. In WLED output stage, two parasitic diodes within high-side switch MOS will be turned on. In buck converter application, there is only one parasitic diode within low-side switch MOS during dead time. We performed the measurement with decoupling Qrr extraction method to fit model under high-side and low-side operations. This resulted in significant Qrr model fitting accuracy improvement by 4 times.
Cleanroom: Edit-Time Error Detection with the Uniqueness Heuristic (2010)

Many dynamic programming language features, such as implicit declaration, reflection, and code generation, make it difficult to verify the existence of identifiers through standard program analysis. We present an alternative verification, which, rather than analyzing the semantics of code, highlights any name or pair of names that appear only once across a program's source files. This uniqueness heuristic is implemented for HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, in an interactive editor called Cleanroom, which highlights lone identifiers after each keystroke. Through an online experiment, we show that Cleanroom detects real errors, that it helps developers find these errors more quickly than developers can find them on their own, and that this helps developers avoid costly debugging effort by reducing how many times a program is executed with potential errors. The simplicity and power of Cleanroom's heuristic may generalize well to other dynamic languages with little support for edit-time name verification.
Spatial Representations From Perception and Cognitive Mediation (2008)

Spatial representations can be derived not only by direct perception, but also through cognitive mediation. Conventional or ex-situ ultrasound displays, which displace imaged data to a remote screen, require both types of process. To determine the depth of a target hidden beneath a surface, ultrasound users must both perceive how deeply the ultrasound transducer indents the surface and interpret the on-screen image to visualize how deeply the target lies below the transducer. Combining these perceptual and cognitive depth components requires a spatial representation that has been called amodal. We report experiments measuring errors in perceptual and cognitively mediated depth estimates and show that these estimates can be concatenated (linked) without further error, providing evidence for an amodal representation. We further contrast conventional ultrasound with an in-situ display whereby an ultrasound image appears to float at the precise location being imaged, enabling the depth of a target to be directly perceived. The research has the potential to enhance ultrasound-guided surgical intervention.
Gas Sensors: Platinum Nanoparticle Loading of Boron Nitride Aerogel and Its Use as a Novel Material for Low‐Power Catalytic Gas Sensing (Adv. Funct. Mater. 3/2016) (2016)

R. Maboudian and co-workers demonstrate, on page 433, an ultra-high surface area boron nitride aerogel acting as a scaffold for catalytic platinum nanoparticles. Use of this material integrated onto a microheater platform leads to a fast, sensitive, and stable low-power catalytic gas sensor, opening up possibilities for wireless monitoring of combustible gases.
An active up conversion mixer covering the entire 71&#x2013;86GHz Eband range in SiGe Technology (2013)

An IF to RF up-conversion mixer for the entire E-BAND 71-76 GHz and 81-86 GHz frequency range was designed and fabricated in IBM 0.12 μm SiGe technology. The Mixer comprises of a double balanced Gilbert-cell with a degeneration inductor in the amplifying stage for increased linearity. The mixer exhibits conversion gain higher than -2 dB, output compression point above -7 dBm, and LO leakage less than -30 dB. The core mixer area is 0.37 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 140 mW from a 2.7 V power supply.
Extensive plant use of exometabolites (2022)

Summary Root exudation has been extensively studied due to its importance in soil carbon cycling and in supporting growth of soil microbes. However, the extent and dynamics of plant uptake of exogenous metabolites is poorly understood. To gain new insights into these processes we used 13 C-tracing to characterize plant uptake of exometabolites across a panel of diverse plant species ( Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, Lotus japonicus, Panicum virgatum , and Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi ) grown in sterile hydroponic cultures. The uptake of exometabolites accounted for 23% of the overall B. distachyon carbon budget, and we identified 33 metabolites that were taken up by plants. Counterintuitively, many metabolites had higher uptake rates during the day vs. night. Thirteen of the metabolites from root exudates were found to promote root growth in A. thaliana , including hydroxybenzoate, threonate, N -acetyl-glucosamine, and uracil. Together these results indicate that the root uptake of organics can account for a significant portion of the plant carbon budget and that exogenous small molecules used by plants alter root growth with implications for plant nutrition, organic farming, soil nutrient cycling, and rhizosphere community dynamics.
ChemInform Abstract: Cadmium Copper Tetrachloride Tetrahydrate. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hydrosilylated Porous Silicon Particles Function as an Intravitreal Drug Delivery System for Daunorubicin (2013)

Purpose: To evaluate in vivo ocular safety of an intravitreal hydrosilylated porous silicon (pSi) drug delivery system along with the payload of daunorubicin (DNR). Methods: pSi microparticles were prepared from the electrochemical etching of highly doped, p-type Si wafers and an organic linker was attached to the Si-H terminated inner surface of the particles by thermal hydrosilylation of undecylenic acid. DNR was bound to the carboxy terminus of the linker as a drug-loading strategy. DNR release from hydrosilylated pSi particles was confirmed in the excised rabbit vitreous using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–multistage mass spectrometry. Both empty and DNR-loaded hydrosilylated pSi particles were injected into the rabbit vitreous and the degradation and safety were studied for 6 months. Results: The mean pSi particle size was 30×46×15 μm with an average pore size of 15 nm. Drug loading was determined as 22 μg per 1 mg of pSi particles. An ex vivo drug release study showed that intact DNR was detected in the rabbit vitreous. An in vivo ocular toxicity study did not reveal clinical or pathological evidence of any toxicity during a 6-month observation. Hydrosilylated pSi particles, either empty or loaded with DNR, demonstrated a slow elimination kinetics from the rabbit vitreous without ocular toxicity. Conclusions: Hydrosilylated pSi particles can host a large quantity of DNR by a covalent loading strategy and DNR can be slowly released into the vitreous without ocular toxicity, which would appear if an equivalent quantity of free drug was injected.
Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable Trehalose Synthase fromThermus aquaticus (1996)

Thermostable trehalose synthase, which catalyzes the conversion of maltose into trehalose by intramolecular transglucosylation, was purified from a cell-free extract of the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus ATCC 33923 to an electrophoretically homogeneity by successive column chromatographies. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 105,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a pI of 4.6 by gel isoelectrofocusing. The N-terminal amino acid of the enzyme was methionine. The optimum pH and temperature were pH 6.5 and 65°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable from pH 5.5 to 9.5 and up to 80°C for 60min. The trehalose synthase from Thermus aquaticus is more thermoactive and thermostable than that from Pimelobacter sp. R48. The yield of trehalose from maltose by the enzyme was independent of the substrate concentration, and tended to increase at lower temperatures. The maximum yield of trehalose from maltose by the enzyme reached 80-82% at 30-40°C. The activity was inhibited by Cu(2+) , Hg(2+), Zn(2+), and Tris.
The influence of curing conditions on mechanical strength and porosity of geopolymers (2013)

Geopolymers have been suggested to be used as construction, waste treatment and even drug delivery material due to its excellent mechanical strength, acid resistance and biocompatibility. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of temperature, time and humidity during curing on mechanical strength and porosity of geopolymers. The geopolymer was synthesized by mixing metakaolin, waterglass and de-ionized water until a homogenous paste was obtained. The following molar oxide ratio was used: Al2O3/SiO2=0.353, Na2O/SiO2=0.202, H2O/SiO2=2.977. The paste was molded into cylindrical rubber moulds (6 12 mm) and cured under different temperatures (ambient temperature, 37°C and 90°C), humidity and time (24, 48 and 96 hours). The compressive strength was determined using a universal testing machine. Helium pycnometer was used to measure the porosity. Via x-ray diffraction the phase composition of the cured samples was determined. Higher curing temperature increased the compressive strength after 24 hour but did not affect the strength for longer curing times. In general, the samples cured in moisture had higher mechanical strength than those cured in air. More metakaolin remained in samples cured under high temperature, while for samples cured under low temperature for longer time showed a higher conversion to geopolymer. Curing time did not show much influence on the total porosity.
Prevention of fetal loss in experimental antiphospholipid syndrome by in vivo administration of recombinant interleukin-3. (1993)

Antiphospholipid antibodies are strongly associated with arterial and venous thrombosis and with fetal loss. Recently an experimental model for antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS) was established in our laboratory. In this model, mice are immunized passively or actively with anticardiolipin antibodies and acquire the syndrome, which is characterized by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombocytopenia, low fecundity rate, and fetal loss. In a normal process of pregnancy, lymphokines affect fetal implantation and development. Cytokines from the colony stimulating factor family, like GM-CSF and IL-3, were shown to be positive signals for implantation and to promote placental development and fetal growth. Given our preliminary findings of low IL-3 in mice with APLS and the efficacy of IL-3 in preventing fetal loss in a strain of mice prone to fetal resorption, our aim in the present study was to examine the effect of murine recombinant IL-3 (mrIL-3) on pregnant mice induced with experimental APLS. Mice were passively transfused to the tail vein, 24 h following mating, with anticardiolipin antibodies. The mice were divided into two groups: one group was injected intraperitoneally with mrIL-3 on days 6.5, 8.5, and 10.5 after mating, while the control group was injected with PBS. When the mice were killed on day 15 of pregnancy a 32% +/- 4.2 resorption rate was observed in the anti-cardiolipin-immunized group, which was reduced to 4% +/- 0.3 following treatment with mrIL-3. The thrombocytopenia associated with the experimental APLS was also corrected following lymphokine administration. IL-3 may be effective in prevention of recurrent fetal loss in APLS.
How Long Will My Phone Battery Last? (2017)

Mobile devices are only as useful as their battery lasts. Unfortunately, the operation and life of a mobile device's battery degrade over time and usage. The state-of-health (SoH) of batteries quantifies their degradation, but mobile devices are unable to support its accurate estimation -- despite its importance -- due mainly to their limited hardware and dynamic usage patterns, causing various problems such as unexpected device shutoffs or even fire/explosion. To remedy this lack of support, we design, implement and evaluate V-Health, a low-cost user-level SoH estimation service for mobile devices based only on their battery voltage, which is commonly available on all commodity mobile devices. V-Health also enables four novel use-cases that improve mobile users' experience from different perspectives. The design of V-Health is inspired by our empirical finding that the relaxing voltages of a device battery fingerprint its SoH, and is steered by extensive measurements with 15 batteries used for various commodity mobile devices, such as Nexus 6P, Galaxy S3, iPhone 6 Plus, etc. These measurements consist of 13,377 battery discharging/charging/resting cycles and have been conducted over 72 months cumulatively. V-Health has been evaluated via both laboratory experiments and field tests over 4-6 months, showing &lt;5% error in SoH estimation.
Grob-type fragmentation of five- and six-membered rings promoted by cuprous ion (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleGrob-type fragmentation of five- and six-membered rings promoted by cuprous ionM. F. Semmelhack and J. C. TomeschCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 15, 2657–2658Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00435a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00435a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nucleation of misfit and threading dislocations during epitaxial growth of GaSb on GaAs(001) substrates (1997)

The initial stages of molecular beam epitaxy of GaSb on highly mismatched GaAs(001) substrates were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the defect structure in GaSb islands and at their interfaces with GaAs(001) at different stages of growth. Based on experimental observations, we propose that the semiperiodic net of 90° misfit dislocations at the GaSb/GaAs(001) interface nucleate homogeneously at the leading edges of advancing {111} planes. After nucleation, they glide inwards along the interface plane to reach their equilibrium position. Threading dislocations in GaSb layers were directly correlated with the misfit dislocation net. We demonstrate that there are no threading defects in GaSb islands when their interfaces consist solely of 90° misfit dislocations, and that threading dislocations in the GaSb epilayer are all associated with minority 60° misfit dislocations nucleated in growing islands. The number of threading dislocations per unit area of the GaSb film is found to be independent of GaSb coverage, indicating that island coalescence does not substantially increase the number of 60° dislocations.
Towards Designing Bodily Integrated Play (2020)

There is an increasing trend in utilizing interactive technology for bodily integrations, such as additional limbs and ingestibles. Prior work on bodily integrated systems mostly examined them from a productivity perspective. In this article, we suggest examining this trend also from an experiential, playful perspective, as we believe that these systems offer novel opportunities to engage the human body through play. Hence, we propose that there is an opportunity to design "bodily integrated play". By relating to our own and other's work, we present an initial set of design strategies for bodily integrated play, aiming to inform designers on how they can engage with such systems to facilitate playful experiences, so that ultimately, people will profit from bodily play's many physical and mental wellbeing benefits even in a future where machine and human converge.
End-to-end queuing delay assessment in multi-service ip networks (2002)

Packet-based networks are more and more used to transport interactive streaming services like telephony and videophony. To guarantee a good quality for these services, the queuing delay and delay jitter introduced in the transport of voice or video flows over the packet-based network should be kept under control. Because data sources tend to increase their sending rate until (a part of) the network is congested, mixing real-time traffic and data traffic in one queue would lead to unacceptable high delays for real-time services. Therefore, voice and video packets need to get preferential treatment ( e.g. head-of-line priority) over data packets in the network nodes. Therefore, the queuing behavior of the voice and video packets can be studied more or less independently from the traffic generated by data services. Simple methods to assess the end-to-end delay are primordial. Since it is well known that an aggregate of voice (and CBR video) sources is accurately modeled by a Poisson arrival process and that delays in consecutive nodes are more or less statistically independent, this boils down to developing methods to calculate quantiles of the total queuing delay through a system of N statistically independent M/G/1 nodes. This paper develops four methods to calculate quantiles of the total queuing delay: a Gaussian method, a method based on the numerical inversion of the moment generating function of the total queuing delay developed by Abate and Whitt and two methods based on the assumption that the tail distribution of the individual queuing delay of one node is approximately exponential. The Gaussian method is the simplest, but only gives crude results. The method of Abate and Whitt is the most complex and breaks down for large quantiles. The methods based on the assumption of an exponential tail produce results that are more or less equally accurate as long as there is a node where the load is high enough.
Synthesis of zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide within ROMP block copolymer microdomains (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of zinc sulfide and cadmium sulfide within ROMP block copolymer microdomainsC. C. Cummins, R. R. Schrock, and R. E. CohenCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 1, 27–30Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00019a011https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00019a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reactions of the mixed-metal clusters prepared from tungsten acetylide complexes; X-ray structural analyses of two novel butterfly clusters with 60 valence electrons (1991)

Reaction of WL(CO)3CCPh and Os3(CO)10(C2R2) produced WOs3L(CO)9(µ3-CPh)(CCRCR), L = Cp, R = Tol (p-MeC6H4)1a; L = C5Me5, R = Me, 1b; treatment of complexes 1 with ditolylacetylene yielded planar clusters WOs3L(CO)8(µ3-CPh)[C(Tol)C(Tol)CCRCR], L = Cp, R = Tol, 2a; L = C5Me5, R = Me, 2b; complex 2b underwent reversible loss of CO to produce an unsaturated cluster WOs3C5Me5(CO)7(µ3-CPh)[CMeCMeCC(Tol)C(Tol)]3b; thermolysis of 3b in refluxing xylene induced the rearrangement of the cluster core, giving another unsaturated complex 4b with identical molecular formula; complexes 1a, 3b and 4b have been examined by X-ray diffraction studies.
Comparison of stage migration patterns between Europe and the USA: an analysis of 11 350 men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (2008)

Stage and grade migration affected the USA and Europe to different extents. These differences should be accounted for when prediction tools or comparisons between the USA and Europe are considered.