gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of novel solder patterns for power delivery and heat removal support (2013)

An innovative approach for electrical chip to substrate and chip to chip interconnects is proposed. The coexistence of solder balls and rails on a chip is discussed, supporting power delivery and heat removal for high-performance flip-chip-onboard and 3D stack applications. The concept enables further bandwidth and current density scaling at a high count of interconnects for signaling, but also at a high solder area fill factor for power delivery and heat removal. The rail-shaped solder joints are also compatible with the current floorplans of microprocessors with voltages arranged in lines. After reflow, solder rails compared to balls can result in a much larger maximal solder width relative to their pads. Therefore, a staggered array arrangement was proposed to minimize shorting risk. In addition, a solder height engineering strategy utilizing modulated pad shapes is discussed to yield equal solder heights for balls and rails present on the same device. However, improper rail design was found to lead to two instability types: 1) Balling and 2) Asymmetric Solder Accumulation. The first is the result of a solder height to width ratio of larger than approximately 0.6 considering long rail lines. The second occurs due to fabrication imperfections. The initial non-symmetric pad/solder shape can cause the accumulation of solder at one rail end (typically the end with the larger area) after reflow. The stability of Bow Tie Rails against Asymmetric Solder Accumulation was investigated to provide design rules for a robust rail design. Accordingly, a solder shape phase diagram indicating the parameters of the three identified phases is compiled. Experimental investigations of reflown solder shapes were complemented with numerical results using a surface energy minimization tool called Surface Evolver. A prediction quality of better than 9% was identified indicating the applicability of the tool to perform solder shape designs. The solver was also capable to predict the mentioned instabilities, rendering the tool even more valuable. Finally, a thermal interface resistance benchmark of ball and rail-like interconnects is performed in a bulk thermal tester. The rail interface with a solder fill factor of 57% yielded a 7 times reduced interface resistance.
miR-494-3p is a novel tumor driver of lung carcinogenesis (2016)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of tumor-related death worldwide and more efforts are needed to elucidate lung carcinogenesis. Here we investigated the expression of 641 miRNAs in lung tumorigenesis in a K-Ras(+/LSLG12Vgeo);RERTn(ert/ert) mouse model and 113 human tumors. The conserved miRNA cluster on chromosome 12qF1 was significantly and progressively upregulated during murine lung carcinogenesis. In particular, miR-494-3p expression was correlated with lung cancer progression in mice and with worse survival in lung cancer patients. Mechanistically, ectopic expression of miR-494-3p in A549 lung cancer cells boosted the tumor-initiating population, enhanced cancer cell motility, and increased the expression of stem cell-related genes. Importantly, miR-494-3p improved the ability of A549 cells to grow and metastasize in vivo, modulating NOTCH1 and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling.Overall, these data identify miR-494-3p as a key factor in lung cancer onset and progression and possible therapeutic target.
Antagonism in Opioid Peptides: the Role of Conformation (2004)

The availability of new, highly selective antagonists, in the field of opioid peptides and of other pain peptides, is important both for a better understanding of the interaction of the receptors with their ligands and for their practical relevance. The design of antagonists is not obvious even when the essential features of agonists are well known. In this review we have examined the main aspects of the problem using, as leading criteria two theoretical models of antagonism and the subdivision of opioid peptides into two functional domains. The main causes of antagonism have been integrated in two very general models: one, referred to as the participation model, attributes antagonism to the lack, with respect to the parent agonist, of an essential group, whereas another model, attributes antagonism to the misfit of the molecule inside the receptor. The second criterion is the division of the structure of peptide hormones, originally put forward by Robert Schwyzer, in two functional domains, the message domain, which is responsible of the larger part of the binding affinity of opioid agonists, and an address domain, which dictates most of the peptide specificity. The most significant achievements in the design of opioid antagonists are classified according to the relative importance of chemical constitution, conformation and chirality.
Single metal and conducting polymer nanowires used as chemical/bio molecular sensors (2010)

We present the fabrication of single nanowires composed of different materials including Palladium (Pd), Polyaniline (PANI) and Polypyrrole (PPy) via electrochemical deposition. The individual nanowires have diameters within 100 nm and lengths from 3 to 10 μm. A gate-assisted growth further improves the growth and limits the size of the nanowires. Single Pd, PPy and PANI nanowires are used as sensors to detect multiple chemical gases, including hydrogen (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), methanol (CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> OH), and nitrogen dioxide (NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). Each nanowire shows repeatable and reproducible sensing signals, with very low detection limits. Single PPy nanowire entrapped with anti-IgE aptamers is also fabricated with good morphology for biosensor applications. This aptamer-doped single nanowire is used to detect IgE and shows good performance in this report.
CCDC 948058: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2013)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Differential response to growth facl plated on different collagen substra (epidermal growth factor/glucocorticoids/type IV collagen/basement i (2016)

Primary cultures of rat mammary epithelial cells proliferate and synthesize basement membrane collagen (type IV collagen) in a serum-free medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor (EGF), hydrocortisone or dexamethasone, insulin, transferrin, and Pedersen fetuin. The growth response of the cells to EGF and glucocorticoids but not to insulin or transferrin varies depending on the substratum on which the cells are plated. Cell growth is 4 times more sensitive to omission of EGF or glucocorti- coid on type I collagen or plastic substratum than on type IV colla- gen substratum. The mechanism by which these two growth fac- tors differentially affect cell growth appears to be linked to an increase in type IV collagen synthesis and a stabilization of se- creted type IV collagen in the extracellular matrix. Glucocorti- coids suppress the elaboration of type IV collagenolytic activity by the cells whereas EGF stimulates amino acid incorporation into type IV collagen. The results suggest that EGF and glucocorticoids affect mammary epithelial cell growth by facilitating the accumu- lation of the appropriate cell substratum.
Complete Human Genome Sequencing for Large-Scale Human Disease Studies (2010)

RP-23 We have developed a third generation DNA sequencing platform capable of delivering complete human genome sequence data at an unprecedented scale and affordable cost. Complete Genomics' sequencing platform is a combination of technology advancements in DNA library preparation, arrays, sequencing assay chemistry, instruments and software (Science 327, 78, 2010 (10.1126/science.1181498)). In recent months, we have developed production instruments with a capacity of greater than 2 Tb per run (equivalent to up to 40x genome coverage per run). These instruments use TDI scanning of 0.7um-pitch DNA nanoarrays–made up of 3 billion spots per 1′x3′ slide–to sequence a 40x genome on a single slide. These technologies have been integrated into a comprehensive system to enable large scale complete human genome sequencing.To date, we have delivered over 50 high-quality, complete human genomes which have helped our collaborators identify mutations causing three different diseases. Our accurate variant calling process provides researchers with an easy-to-use, annotated list of SNPs and indels for each analyzed genome, thus eliminating the many difficulties of dealing with large primary data sets. This affordable, turnkey service will provide human disease researchers with the ability to conduct comprehensive genetic studies of human diseases, and allow complete human genome sequence data to inform new methods of disease prevention and treatment.
Identification of a naturally processed NY-ESO-1 peptide recognized by CD8+ T cells in the context of HLA-B51 (2002)

NY-ESO-1 is one of the most immunogenic cancer antigens known to date, inducing humoral and cellular immune responses in a high proportion of patients with advanced NY-ESO-1-expressing cancers. The assessment of spontaneous and vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses has been limited to a small number of known NY-ESO-1 epitopes presented by MHC class I alleles. Recently, a new method to monitor NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cell responses was introduced that does not depend on the individual MHC class I status and on predefined peptide epitopes. Antigen-presenting cells transduced with recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding NY-ESO-1 were used to stimulate CD8+ selected NY-ESO-1-specific T cells. Effector cells were tested for recognition of autologous B cell targets transfected with NY-ESO-1 using a recombinant vaccinia virus construct. Using a modified approach we identified the NY-ESO-1 p94-102 peptide as being recognized by CD8+ T cells in the context of HLA- B51. NY-ESO-1 p94-102 specific CD8+ T cells recognized naturally processed NY-ESO-1 presented by HLA-B51+ monocyte-derived dendritic and tumor cells. Transfection of target cells with NY-ESO-1 combined with different HLA class I alleles confirmed that the NY-ESO-1 peptide was naturally processed and recognized by HLA-B51-restricted CD8+ T cell lines and clones. Therefore, NY-ESO-1 p94-102 is a new candidate peptide antigen for cancer immunotherapy and for the monitoring of spontaneous and vaccine-induced NY-ESO-1-specific T cell responses in HLA- B51+ patients with NY-ESO-1 expressing malignancies.
The effect of renal function on felbamate clearance. (1996)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 59, 185–185; doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.1996.240
Conducting Polymer-Based Multifunctional Materials (2010)

Conducting polymers are employable as low-voltage actuators, sensors, energy storage and delivery components, structural elements, computational circuitry, memory, and electronic components, making them a versatile choice for creating integrated, multifunctional materials and devices. Here we show one such conducting polymer-based, multifunctional system, derived from the versatility of the conducting polymer polypyrrole. Three functions of polypyrrole (actuation, length sensation, and energy storage) have been individually evaluated and cooperatively combined in the synthesis of a multifunctional, polymeric system that actuates, senses strain deformation, and stores energy. The system operates whereby the strain of a polypyrrole actuator is measured by a polypyrrole length sensor, whilst being powered by an array of polypyrrole supercapacitors. Independently, polypyrrole actuators were evaluated at 250 discrete frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 10 Hz using fixed, ±1 V sinusoidal excitation. Polypyrrole length sensors were evaluated using a thin-film dynamic mechanical analyzer for the same range of frequencies with a 2% sinusoidal input strain. Polypyrrole supercapacitors were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (-1.0 V to +1.0 V; 12.5 to 100 mV/sec) and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling (0.5 to 2 mA/mg). As an actuator, polypyrrole samples showed measureable actuation strain between 0.001% and 1.6% for the frequency range tested, with amplitude versus frequency decay behavior similar to a first-order low-pass filter. As a length sensor, polypyrrole samples showed linear-elastic behavior up to 3% strain and gauge factors near 4. As a symmetric supercapacitor, polypyrrole had capacitance values higher than 20 kF/kg, energy densities near 20 kJ/kg, and power densities near 2 kW/kg. The evaluation of each component, independently, justified creating a cooperative system composed of these three components operating simultaneously. Polypyrrole supercapacitors provided ample power to excite polypyrrole actuators. Polypyrrole length sensors attached in series to polypyrrole actuators were capable of measuring strain from coupled polypyrrole actuators. Performance metrics and future possibilities regarding conducting polymer-based multifunctional materials are discussed. Topics: Polymers , Multifunctional materials
Sulfonamide-Phenolic Resin Negative Resist for KrF Excimer Laser Lithography (1989)

It was found that aromatic sulfonamides offer a novel category of photosensitive compounds for negative resists. A photosensitive layer consisting of m -cresol novolak resin and an aromatic sulfonamide such as p -(tolyl sulfonyl)-aniline, benzene sulfonyl aniline, p -toluene sulfonamide or 4,4'-methylene-di( p -tolyl sulfonyl)-aniline is insolubilized in an aqueous base by exposure to deep-UV lights involving KrF excimer laser light. The negative resists exhibited the sensitivities (D g 0.5 ) from 25 mJ/cm 2 to 80 mJ/cm 2 depending on the structure of sulfonamide. By exposure with a KrF excimer laser stepper 0.8 and 0.35 µm line patterns were transferred. The mechanism of the photoinsolubilization is also discussed.
Fentanyl-Related Compounds and Derivatives: Current Status and Future Prospects for Pharmaceutical Applications (2014)

Fentanyl and its analogs have been mainstays for the treatment of severe to moderate pain for many years. In this review, we outline the structural and corresponding synthetic strategies that have been used to understand the structure-biological activity relationship in fentanyl-related compounds and derivatives and their biological activity profiles. We discuss how changes in the scaffold structure can change biological and pharmacological activities. Finally, recent efforts to design and synthesize novel multivalent ligands that act as mu and delta opioid receptors and NK-1 receptors are discussed.
Ondansetron Treatment in Tourette's Disorder (2005)

Ondansetron may have antitic effects in patients with Tourette's disorder. Large-scale, double-blind studies should further assess the antitic efficacy of ondansetron.
Samarium(II) Iodide Mediated Radical/Polar Crossover Reactions of Cyclobutenes: An Efficient Approach to the BCD Ring System of the Penitrems. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Taxonomy of Citizen Sensing for Intelligent Urban Infrastructures (2014)

Citizen sensing is a new sensor-based data collection paradigm and is focused on the extraction of data generated by people. Initiatives based on this concept are becoming crucial for designers of intelligent urban infrastructures, since they enable the collection of several types of relevant data that cannot be properly captured by traditional physical sensors. A large number of articles and projects associated with the topic appeared over the last few years, and with them the need for properly classifying and organizing these works. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of citizen sensing initiatives and illustrate each of its dimensions through a survey of recent articles in the area. The proposed scheme also supports the identification and stimulates the development of projects addressing data collection methodologies that have not been properly explored so far. In addition, we present a platform capable of aggregating, analyzing, and extracting knowledge from data generated by physical and human sensing techniques. Finally, we report a real-world experiment in which we used our platform to map accessibility conditions of streets and sidewalks located in a four square kilometer area in São Paulo, Brazil. Our results show that a full coverage was obtained with the support of eight volunteers after only three hours, hence illustrating the effectiveness of the technology.
Effect of Thermal History on the Microstructure of a Poly(tetramethylene oxide)-Based Polyurea (2013)

The role of thermal history on the nanoscale segregated structure of a bulk polymerized polyurea containing oligomeric poly(tetramethylene oxide) soft segments is investigated in the present study. Temperature-dependent unlike segment demixing was explored in two series of experiments: at constant heating (and cooling) rate and on annealing at selected elevated temperatures. Tapping mode atomic force microscopy on the as-polymerized polymer demonstrates that the polyurea hard segments self-assemble into a ribbon-like morphology that is generally preserved on annealing, although ribbon coarsening was observed at the highest annealing temperature. The results from the constant heating rate synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments demonstrate that the nanoscale structure begins to reorganize at temperatures as low as ∼70 °C, and the very significant changes in mean interdomain spacing observed at much higher temperatures are largely retained on returning to ambient conditions. Although there was surprisingly no detectable difference in the degree of hard/soft segment segregation in the longer time annealing experiments, changes in interdomain spacing were detected at the lowest annealing temperature (120 °C) used in this study. In combination with the findings from the synchrotron X-ray experiments, this demonstrates that domain reorganization is clearly both time and temperature dependent. The results from X-ray scattering and AFM experiments are also supported by those from FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis.
Efficient 213 nm and 266 nm generations in Czochralski-grownbeta-barium borates (1998)

Over 1000 hour reliability test for three samples of Cz-grown BBO in 100 mW-266 nm generation revealed the cavity loss increase was as small as 5×10−5 %/hour at the generated UV power density of 260 W/cm2, while in pulsed 266 nm generation at 7 kHz, scattering loss increase in the BBO measured 0.05%/hour at 31 MW/cm2.
Brain region’s relative proximity as marker for Alzheimer’s disease based on structural MRI (2014)

Our results show that our relative proximity markers include more information than whole brain and hippocampus volume. Our results demonstrate that our proximity markers have the potential to assist in early diagnosis of AD.
Intra mode power saving methodology for CGRA-based reconfigurable processor architectures (2016)

Reconfigurable processors (RP) such as Samsung Reconfigurable Processor (SRP) are best suited for wide range of embedded DSP application domains such as image, audio, video and vision processing. It provides great flexibility of hardware reconfigurability through software solution which provides high-performance computing with low-energy and fast time-to-market. Power consumption of the processor architecture is one of the important considerations for mobile DSP solutions. However, the performance critical code sections of applications mapped to RPs may not utilize all minicores (group of functional units, local register files and their connections) due to low ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism) even after exploring software pipelining by the compiler. The unused minicores can consume considerable amount of power (including power leakage) from configuration memory banks, functional units, local register files, and also from central register files of RP architectures. There are approaches in RP to power-gate the minicores when we switch from VLIW (Very Large Instruction Word) mode of RP operation to CGRA (Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Array) mode (inter-mode power-gating exploration). In this paper, we propose a novel programmer directive based power-gating technique for RP which explores unused resources during VLIW and CGRA mode of execution (intra-mode power-gating). Our approach has shown up to 33% power savings in the SRP CGRA mode and up to 56% power savings in SRP VLIW mode, with additional power-gating circuits that contribute to <;1% increase in die area.
Capacity Fading Mechanisms of Submicron-Sized Silicon Negative Electrode for Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

Silicon, due to its large specific capacity, is regarded as one of the most promising negative electrode materials for lithium ion batteries despite critical drawbacks associated with large volume change upon lithiation/de-lithiation. Although nano-sized silicon particles have been employed to mitigate the failures and related techniques have achieved considerable improvements, current materials do not meet the demand of commercial applications. Thus, a systematical approach to elucidating failure mechanisms is necessary to further improve electrochemical performances of the silicon electrode. Here, the evolution of voltage profiles recorded during cycling was thoroughly analyzed and thereby the failure mechanisms are proposed. The main failure mechanism of the silicon electrode is related to an inability to fully de-lithiate due to resistance increases during discharging, which are mostly contact and SEI resistance. The capacity retention was significantly improved by lowering discharge cut-off voltage and by introducing electrolyte additives, in which reduce the resistances during discharging.