gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transplanted dopamine neurons derived from primate ES cells preferentially innervate DARPP‐32 striatal progenitors within the graft (2006)

The correct identity and functional capacity of transplanted dopamine (DA) neurons derived in vitro from embryonic stem (ES) cells is a critical factor for the development of an ES cell-based replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. We transplanted primate Cyno-1 ES cells differentiated in vitro for 4 (progenitor ES cells) or 6 (differentiated ES cells) weeks, or control fetal primate cells into the striatum of hemi-parkinsonian rats. Partial behavioral recovery in amphetamine-induced rotation was correlated with the number of ES-derived tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons in the grafts (r=0.5, P<0.05). Post mortem analysis of ES-derived grafts revealed TH+neurons with mature morphology, similar to fetal DA neurons, and expression of midbrain transcription factors, such as Engrailed (En) and Nurr-1. While the total number of TH+neurons was not different between the two groups, TH/En co-expression was significantly higher (>90%) in grafts from differentiated ES cells than in grafts derived from progenitor cells (<50%), reflecting a more heterogeneous cellular composition. Within the grafts there was an overlap between ES-derived TH+axonal arbors and clusters of primate ES-derived striatal neurons expressing brain factor 1 (Bf-1, Foxg1) and DA and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32). Such overlap was never observed for other regional transcription factors that define neighboring forebrain domains in the developing brain, such as Nkx2.1 (medial ganglionic eminence), Nkx2.2 (pallidal and diencephalic progenitors) or Pax6 (dorsal telencephalic progenitors). Despite the heterogeneity of ES-derived graft cell composition, these results demonstrate normal phenotypic specification, conserved natural axonal target selectivity and functionality of DA neurons derived from primate ES cells.
Hierarchical control of a catoptric surface: work-in-progress (2018)

The control of a catoptric (mirror-based) surface is decomposed hierarchically. The positioning control of individual mirrors is handled by low-level controllers for each drive motor, and the overall control decisions are guided by a Markov decision process.
Heterogeneous Kinetics of N2O5Uptake on Salt, with a Systematic Study of the Role of Surface Presentation (for N2O5and HNO3) (1996)

The kinetics for the uptake of N2O5 with NaCl [N2O5(g) + NaCl(s) → ClNO2(g) + NaNO3(s) (reaction 1)] and KBr[N2O5(g) + KBr(s) → products (reaction 6)] have been studied in a Teflon-coated Knudsen reactor. The product of reaction 1 is found to be ClNO2, in agreement with previous studies. The only bromine-containing gaseous product observed for reaction 6 is Br2; we propose a redox reaction in which Br- is oxidized to molecular bromine with the concurrent formation of nitrite. The hypothesis is supported by the observation of nitrous acid in the product spectrum of reaction 6. The observed uptake coefficients are found to depend strongly on the total external surface area of the salt substrates, prepared by a number of methods. With samples of well-defined total external surface, we are able to determine the following values for the uptake coefficient: γ1 = (5.0 ± 2.0) × 10-4; γ6 = (4.0 ± 2.0) × 10-3. The values are smaller than previously reported. The unexpected dependence of the uptake kinetics on the surface presentation led us to conduct further experiments on the HNO3 reaction with salt: HNO3(g) + NaCl(s) → HCl(g) + NaNO3(s) (reaction 2). From our new experiments conducted on various substrates, we find γ2 = (2.0 ± 1.0) × 10-2, in good agreement with our previous measurements on salt powder. The validity of calculating correction factors for the uptake coefficients, as recently proposed by Keyser and co-workers, is discussed in detail, and specific experimental tests of the theory are described. The role of internal surfaces in the overall observed uptake kinetics for the reactions of N2O5 is found to be remarkably well described by the treatment given by Keyser and co-workers. Additional experiments on the uptake kinetics of nitric acid, however, cast doubt that this treatment can be generally extended to all species of atmospheric interest. The atmospheric implications of these findings are discussed briefly.
Infrared reflectance studies of GaN epitaxial films on sapphire substrate (1999)

Infrared reflectivity measurements were performed on undoped and Si-doped GaN films grown on sapphire. After analysing the substrate reflectance accurately, a good fit to the measured reflectance has been achieved. By comparison of the measured and calculated spectra, it becomes possible to identify GaN phonons from the overlapped complicated substrate bands, and also to determine the carrier concentration even for GaN on sapphire with low and medium doping levels. In some samples, an interface layer has been demonstrated to be formed between film and substrate, which manifests itself as a damping behaviour of the interference fringes in the spectra. Detailed analysis suggests that this interface layer, with a thickness of ∼0.14 µm estimated from a two-layer model simulation, may be due to the high density of defects caused by stress relaxation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arginine Metabolites in Wound Fluids From Pressure Ulcers: A Pilot Study (2008)

Compelling evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO*), a metabolite of arginine, plays an important role in wound healing. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is metabolized by nitric oxide synthase and arginase. One model for wound-healing regulation suggests the importance of strict reciprocal control of these enzymes in wounds. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate arginine metabolism in wound fluids from patients with Stage III or IV pressure ulcers receiving negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Wound fluids were collected from 8 patients, aged 31-79 years, before and after initiation of NPWT on Days 1, 3, and 7. Wound fluids were analyzed for nitrates/nitrites (NOx), arginine, citrulline, proline, and ornithine. There were no significant differences between NOx, arginine, citrulline, proline, and ornithine concentrations before and after initiation of NPWT among the various timepoints. However, we observed a downward trend of NO* levels from baseline to Day 7 of NPWT treatment. Furthermore, we detected a decrease in arginine levels over the study period, suggesting that the iNOS/citrulline pathway predominated during the first 72 hr of treatment, and the arginase/ ornithine pathway dominated thereafter. Arginine and its metabolites are detectable in wound fluids from patients with Stage III or IV pressure ulcers on NPWT. Further studies on chronic wounds are warranted to correlate wound-healing outcomes with arginine metabolites at the cellular and molecular level over a longer period of time.
Using metamaterials to manipulate light and light to manipulate metamaterials (2011)

In this talk, we will discuss some special wave manipulation effects that can be achieved using “graded” metamaterials, i.e. the effective permittivity and permeability have spatial variation. We will also discuss some interesting effects when light interact with metamaterials. In particular, we will show that under some special circumstances, light can attract metamaterials, although we might expect that photons should push anything standing in its way.
NiCoAl-Based Monolithic Catalysts for the N2O Intensified Decomposition: A New Path towards the Microwave-Assisted Catalysis (2023)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered the primary source of NOx in the atmosphere, and among several abatement processes, catalytic decomposition is the most promising. The thermal energy necessary for this reaction is generally provided from the external side of the reactor by burning fossil fuels. In the present work, in order to overcome the limits related to greenhouse gas emissions, high heat transfer resistance, and energy losses, a microwave-assisted N2O decomposition was studied, taking advantages of the microwave’s (MW) properties of assuring direct and selective heating. To this end, two microwave-susceptible silicon carbide (SiC) monoliths were layered with different nickel–cobalt–aluminum mixed oxides. Based on the results of several characterization analyses (SEM/EDX, BET, ultrasound washcoat adherence tests, Hg penetration technique, and TPR), the sample showing the most suitable characteristics for this process was reproduced in the appropriate size to perform specific MW-assisted catalytic activity tests. The results demonstrated that, by coupling this catalytic system with an opportunely designed microwave heated reactor, it is possible to reach total N2O conversion and selectivity of a highly concentrated N2O stream (50 vol%) at T = 550 °C, the same required in the conventionally heated process to remove N2O from a less concentrated gas stream (20 vol%).
Space Technology and Applications International Forum--STAIF 2005 : Conference on Thermophysics in Microgravity : Conference on Commercial/Civil Next Generation Space Transportation : 22nd Symposium on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion : Conference on Human/Robotic Technology and the National Vision for Space Exploration : 3rd Symposium on Space Colonization : 2nd Symposium on New Frontiers and Future Concepts, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 13-17 February 2005 (2005)

The proceedings of STAIF-05 feature a broad spectrum of topics on space science and technology, space exploration, space colonization; advanced propulsion concepts; space nuclear power and propulsion systems technologies; thermophysics in microgravity, advanced energy conversion technologies; next generation space transportation; high temperature materials; and high power electric propulsion. These topics span the range from basic research to the recent technology advances and hardware testing.
Superconductivity: An Emerging Power-Dense Energy-Efficient Technology (2004)

As the world becomes more "electrified," efficient distribution and use of electrical power becomes increasingly important. Loss of electrical energy due to resistance to current flow translates into wasted energy and wasted economic resources. Superconductivity offers zero (dc) to near zero (ac) resistance to electrical flow; thus, the use of superconducting materials can improve the overall electrical system efficiency while significantly reducing the size and weight of power components and machinery. Although superconductivity was first discovered in 1911, the requirement of an extreme cryogenic environment (near absolute zero temperature) limited its utility. With the discovery in 1986 of a new class of "high-temperature superconductors (HTS)" that operate at substantially higher temperatures (although still cryogenic), remarkable progress has been made in advancing a broader use for superconducting technology. Full-scale demonstrations are now permitting the development of engineering skills required for systems implementation and are quantifying system benefits of this new HTS technology. This article briefly reviews some of the fundamental attributes of superconductivity and discusses how they can benefit our electrical power system. The article then briefly describes some of the ongoing U.S. demonstration projects (transmission lines, transformers, motors/generators, etc.), showing the benefits of superconductivity.
Shape memory alloy/shape memory polymer tools (2023)

Micro-electromechanical tools for minimally invasive techniques including microsurgery. These tools utilize composite shape memory alloy (SMA), shape memory polymer (SMP) and combinations of SMA and SMP to produce catheter distal tips, actuators, etc., which are bistable. Applications for these structures include: 1) a method for reversible fine positioning of a catheter tip, 2) a method for reversible fine positioning of tools or therapeutic catheters by a guide catheter, 3) a method for bending articulation through the body's vasculature, 4) methods for controlled stent delivery, deployment, and repositioning, and 5) catheters with variable modulus, with vibration mode, with inchworm capability, and with articulated tips. These actuators and catheter tips are bistable and are opportune for in vivo usage because the materials are biocompatible and convenient for intravascular use as well as other minimal by invasive techniques.
Self-assembly of a 5-fluorouracil-dipeptide hydrogel (2016)

The self-assembly of 5-fluorouracil dilysine conjugates into self-supporting hydrogels, comprised of entangled nanofibers or rigid nanotubes with diameters of 10 and 16 nm, respectively, is reported. The rate of release of 5-Fu from the conjugates was highly dependent on concentration in solution, whereas, release from the fully formed hydrogels was significantly slower. The 5-Fu conjugate also exhibited promising in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines A549, H460 and H23.
Real-time passive source localization: a practical linear-correction least-squares approach (2001)

A linear-correction least-squares estimation procedure is proposed for the source localization problem under an additive measurement error model. The method, which can be easily implemented in a real-time system with moderate computational complexity, yields an efficient source location estimator without assuming a priori knowledge of noise distribution. Alternative existing estimators, including likelihood-based, spherical intersection, spherical interpolation, and quadratic-correction least-squares estimators, are reviewed and comparisons of their complexity, estimation consistency and efficiency against the Cramer-Rao lower bound are made. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed estimator performs better under many practical situations.
Spectral Alignment of Single-Photon Emitters in Diamond using Strain Gradient (2018)

They say no two are alike\dots{} Inversion-symmetric fluorescent color centers in diamonds, such as the germanium vacancy, are desirable for solid-state single-photon emitters in integrated quantum systems, but their complex mesoscopic environments make it challenging to obtain multiple $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l$ emitters. These experiments use the large strain gradient in a diamond microcantilever to align the spectra of two germanium vacancies within a 50-nm spot. This approach makes it possible to obtain identical single-photon emitters in diamond.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Structure‐Activity Studies on Acid‐Substituted 2‐ Arylphenols: Discovery of 2‐(2‐Propyl‐3‐(3‐(2‐ethyl‐4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐ 5‐hydroxyphenoxy)propoxy)phenoxy)benzoic Acid, a High‐Affinity Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonist. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Measurement-Based Fading Model for Wireless Personal Area Networks (2008)

Personal area networks (PANs) are wireless communications systems with high data rates but small coverage area. PAN propagation channels differ from the well-explored propagation channels of wide-area networks due to several reasons: (i) the distances are typically very small, (ii) the antenna arrangements can be quite different, and (iii) the influence from human presence in the environment is different. The current paper presents results of a channel measurement campaign, where measurements are conducted over distances of 1-10 m using several multi-antenna devices, combined to create different PAN scenarios. For each measured Tx-Rx separation, channel realizations are obtained by small spatial movements of the antenna devices, and by rotating the persons holding the devices. From the results, we draw two main conclusions: (i) The small scale amplitude statistics, analyzed as the variations over a small sampling area and frequency subchannels, cannot be described in a satisfactory way using only the Rayleigh or Ricean distribution, rather a mixed distribution, the generalized gamma distribution, is more suitable; (ii) it is advantageous to distinguish between two types of large-scale fading: body shadowing (due to the orientation of the person holding the device) and shadowing due to surrounding objects (lateral movement). We also define and parameterize a complete statistical model for all fading.
Surface-Initiated Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization from Ordered Mesoporous Silica (2011)

This work describes, for the first time, the nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) of styrene initiated from an SG1-based alkoxyamine grafted on both the inner and outer surfaces of ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) particles. The OMS particles with various morphologies were synthesized by sol−gel chemistry in the presence of a surfactant template. The initiator derived from the BlocBuilder alkoxyamine was covalently grafted via a dimethylethoxysilane functional group. The polymerizations were conducted in the presence of a free alkoxyamine with chemical structure similar to that of the grafted one. The monomer conversion was monitored by 1H NMR analysis and the concentration of released nitroxide could be calculated, providing an estimation of the fraction of dead chains. The weight fraction of grafted polymer and the molar mass distributions of the free and grafted chains were determined. From this information, an effect of the OMS particle structure on the outcome of the polymerization could be evaluated.
Timescale Separation in Autonomous Optimization (2021)

ISSN:0018-9286
<title>Photonics for time delay in communication systems</title> (2001)

The design of some communication systems requires the implementation of time delays within the system. As a result, the system design often becomes more complex and/or the system size is increased when the delay is accomplished by digitizing the RF analog signal or using RF transmission lines cut to the length necessary to accomplish the time delay. This time delay can be accomplished with a variety of optics technologies, which could be readily fabricated and integrated into the communication system without significant impacts on the system design. This paper describes three different potential applications of optics designs, which could be implemented to accomplish the time delay requirements associated with communication system.
Tango (2013)

Distributed systems are easier to build than ever with the emergence of new, data-centric abstractions for storing and computing over massive datasets. However, similar abstractions do not exist for storing and accessing meta-data. To fill this gap, Tango provides developers with the abstraction of a replicated, in-memory data structure (such as a map or a tree) backed by a shared log. Tango objects are easy to build and use, replicating state via simple append and read operations on the shared log instead of complex distributed protocols; in the process, they obtain properties such as linearizability, persistence and high availability from the shared log. Tango also leverages the shared log to enable fast transactions across different objects, allowing applications to partition state across machines and scale to the limits of the underlying log without sacrificing consistency.
A Method of Understanding Conceptual Diagrams. (1994)

A conceptual diagram is a line drawing which represents semantic structure of concepts usirtg simple yeometric entities. This paper presents a method of understanding conceptual diagrams. The objective of our method is to interpret semantic roles of geometric entities in conceptual diagrams. In conceptual diagrams, however, a single geometric entity plays various semantic roles for representing concepts, becanse there are no strict rules for writing conceptual diagmms. To cope with this problem, we introduce the strategy of hypthesis generation and verificution; hypothesized interpretations are verified by relaxation which takes account of the semantic relation to other entities. &amp;amp;om the experimental results using 50 conceptual diagrams, we discuss the effectiveness and the limitations of our method. 1
Measuring spatial variability in soil characteristics (2023)

The present invention provides systems and methods for measuring a load force associated with pulling a farm implement through soil that is used to generate a spatially variable map that represents the spatial variability of the physical characteristics of the soil. An instrumented hitch pin configured to measure a load force is provided that measures the load force generated by a farm implement when the farm implement is connected with a tractor and pulled through or across soil. Each time a load force is measured, a global positioning system identifies the location of the measurement. This data is stored and analyzed to generate a spatially variable map of the soil. This map is representative of the physical characteristics of the soil, which are inferred from the magnitude of the load force.
The effect of lipase on the release of naltrexone from triglyceride‐coated cellulose acetate phthalate microspheres (1992)

The ultimate objective of this work is to develop a device that can be triggered by morphine to release naltrexone. In this device, naltrexone is dispersed in cellulose acetate phthalate microspheres which are then spray-coated with a trilaurin protective coating. The microspheres are contained within a macroporous cylinder which also contains a reversibly inactivated lipase. This enzyme in its inactive state is unable to remove the protective coating but in its active state is able to do so. Inactivation is achieved by the covalent attachment of morphine followed by complexation with a morphine antibody. Triggering is accomplished by the displacement of the lipase-morphine conjugate from the antibody. In this phase we have investigated the effect of lipase on the release of naltrexone from trilaurin-coated microspheres and found that the coated microspheres are stable in a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C for at least 1 month, but release 80% of the incorporated naltrexone in one hour when 100 mg of capsules in 5 mL buffer are exposed to 25 micrograms of lipase.