gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BSCCO MRI Magnet Winding and Testing at ${\rm LN}_{2}$ Temperature (2010)

A limb size MRI magnet coldmass has been constructed using DI-BSCCO tapes from Sumitomo. The coils were wound with epoxy pre-impregnated fiberglass cloth (pre-preg) between layers to bond the wires. For radial dimensional control, temperature was elevated during the winding to thin out the epoxy and to adjust the pre-preg cloth layer thickness in order to control the coil build up. The wire tension was controlled within 1 kg with a set of moving pulleys. While the coils appeared solid after winding and curing, issues were found in the leads between coils. When the coldmass was cooled down to liquid nitrogen temperature, breaks in wire leads were found. Thermal expansion and contraction mismatch between the coil bobbin and the BSCCO tape was attributed to the leads break. The thermal stress was induced both in the oven curing and the cooling processes. Preliminary testing results at temperature are discussed. The magnet was designed to have a center field of 1.5 T operating at a liquid neon (LNe) temperature of 27 K.
Application of Heat of Wetting for Determination of Soil-Specific Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils (2016)

Abstract Conventionally, particle size distribution characteristics and consistency limits have been used to characterize fine-grained soils. However, these schemes of soil characterization are devoid of several other soil-specific parameters (viz., specific surface area, specific gravity, weight loss during heating, heat produced during the interaction of soil with water, chemical and mineralogical composition, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity, and reactivity) that imbibe in them physical, chemical, mineralogical, and thermal characteristics or, in short, the “overall characteristics” of the soil. These characteristics are also useful to define soils with pollutants and contaminants, which result from rapid and indiscriminate industrialization. Hence, characterization of the soil based on its “heat of wetting,” which imbibes the specific characteristics of the soil and is measured by the percentage increase in temperature (PIT) when soil-water interaction occurs, appears to be quite prudent and a novel idea or hypothesis. With this in view and to develop a soil characterization scheme, soils of completely different characteristics were allowed to interact with water in a calorimeter, and the PIT was measured precisely by employing a thermocouple. The PIT and various soil-specific parameters when correlated with each other yielded well-defined relationships. Utility of these relationships for a quick and easy characterization of fine-grained soils has also been demonstrated in this study.
Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers enabled by an accidental Dirac point (2023)

A photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) includes a gain medium electromagnetically coupled to a photonic crystal whose energy band structure exhibits a Dirac cone of linear dispersion at the center of the photonic crystal's Brillouin zone. This Dirac cone's vertex is called a Dirac point; because it is at the Brillouin zone center, it is called an accidental Dirac point. Tuning the photonic crystal's band structure (e.g., by changing the photonic crystal's dimensions or refractive index) to exhibit an accidental Dirac point increases the photonic crystal's mode spacing by orders of magnitudes and reduces or eliminates the photonic crystal's distributed in-plane feedback. Thus, the photonic crystal can act as a resonator that supports single-mode output from the PCSEL over a larger area than is possible with conventional PCSELs, which have quadratic band edge dispersion. Because output power generally scales with output area, this increase in output area results in higher possible output powers.
Feistel-inspired scrambling improves the quality of linear congruential generators (2017)

Abstract Generating pseudorandom numbers is a prerequisite for many areas including Monte Carlo simulation and randomized algorithms. The performance of pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) depends on the quality of the generated random sequences. They must be generated quickly and have good statistical properties. Several statistical test suites have been developed to evaluate a single stream of random numbers such as those from the TestU01 library, the DIEHARD test suite, the tests from the SPRNG package, and a set of tests designed to evaluate bit sequences developed at NIST. This paper presents a new pseudorandom number generation scheme that produces pseudorandom sequences with good statistical properties via a scrambling procedure motivated by cryptographic transformations. We will specifically apply this to a popular set of PRNGs called the Linear Congruential generators (LGCs). The scrambling technique is based on a simplified version of a Feistel network. The proposed method seeks to improve the quality of the LCGs output stream. We show that this Feistel-inspired scrambling technique breaks up the regularities that are known to exist in LCGs. The Feistel-inspired scrambling technique is modular, and can be applied to any 64-bit PRNG, and so we believe that it can serve as an inexpensive model for a scrambler that can be used with most PRNGs via post-processing.
Mechanical ventilation for bone marrow transplant patients: When does it become futile? (2000)

Section of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy; Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center; Chicago, IL Address requests for reprints to: Hans G. Klingemann, MD, PhD, Section of Bone Marrow Transplant and Cell Therapy, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612.
Some Reactions of 3-Phenyl-8-triphenyl-phosphoimino-1-azaazulene (2004)

Reaction of 3-phenyl-8-triphenylphosphoimino-1-azaazulene (1) with arylaldehyde gave 2-aryl-4-phenyl-3H-1,2a-diazacyclopent[cd]azulenes.Reaction of 1 with trans-cinnamaldehyde gave 3-benzyl-1-pheny-2a,5diazabenz[cd]azulene as cyclization product.Cycloaddition reaction of 1 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate gave tetramethyl 4-phenyl-9,9b- diazaindeno[4,3a,3,2-bcd]azulene-1,2,3,9a-tetracarboxylate and hexamethyl 6phenyl-3aH-10c-azaacephenanthryene-1,2,3,3a,4,5-hexacarboxylate.
HREM contributions to microstructural investigations of magnetic thin films and ultrathin multilayers (1991)

Magnetic thin films and ultrathin multilayers(ML) have been developed which are of great fundamental and technological interest Since their physical properties depend strongly upon growth conditions, it requires microstructural investigations to establish and understand their interrelationship. The required information about thin films includes, for example, layer-layer and layer-substrate interfaces, crystallinity, crystal type, columnar growth, crystal orientations and so on, all of which could influence or even totally change the macrobehavior. Unlike other commonly used structural determination techniques which average over comparatively large volumes, HREM provides real-space information on the atomic scale. It has been demonstrated to be an ideal method for investigating thin film microstructure, especially for ultrathin ML with bilayer thicknesses on the nanometer scale. A limitation of electron microscopy is that the information is obtained from twodimensional projections of the sample. However, thin films and ML can be prepared in both cross-section and plan-view. It is thus usually possible to obtain quasi-3D information and answer important structural questions about crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous-like thin films.
Harnessing Machine Learning To Unravel Protein Degradation in Escherichia coli (2021)

Degradation of intracellular proteins in Gram-negative bacteria regulates various cellular processes and serves as a quality control mechanism by eliminating damaged proteins. To understand what causes the proteolytic machinery of the cell to degrade some proteins while sparing others, we employed a quantitative pulsed-SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) method followed by mass spectrometry analysis to determine the half-lives for the proteome of exponentially growing <i>Escherichia coli</i>, under standard conditions. We developed a likelihood-based statistical test to find actively degraded proteins and identified dozens of fast-degrading novel proteins. Finally, we used structural, physicochemical, and protein-protein interaction network descriptors to train a machine learning classifier to discriminate fast-degrading proteins from the rest of the proteome, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.72.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Bacteria use protein degradation to control proliferation, dispose of misfolded proteins, and adapt to physiological and environmental shifts, but the factors that dictate which proteins are prone to degradation are mostly unknown. In this study, we have used a combined computational-experimental approach to explore protein degradation in <i>E. coli</i> We discovered that the proteome of <i>E. coli</i> is composed of three protein populations that are distinct in terms of stability and functionality, and we show that fast-degrading proteins can be identified using a combination of various protein properties. Our findings expand the understanding of protein degradation in bacteria and have implications for protein engineering. Moreover, as rapidly degraded proteins may play an important role in pathogenesis, our findings may help to identify new potential antibacterial drug targets.
Electric Field Distribution of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) (2009)

Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is attracting increasing interest with its promise as a room-temperature nuclear-radiation-detector material. The distribution of the electric field in CZT detectors substantially affects their detection performance. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), we employed a synchrotron X-Ray mapping technique and a Pockels-effect measurement system to investigate this distribution in different detectors. Here, we report our latest experimental results with three detectors of different width/height ratios. A decrease in this ratio aggravates the non-uniform distribution of electric field, and focuses it on the central volume. Raising the bias voltage effectively can minimize such non-uniformity of the electric field distribution. The position of the maximum electric field is independent of the bias voltage; the difference between its maximum- and minimum-intensity of electric field increases with the applied bias voltage.
The Tumor Necrosis Factor Family: Family Conventions and Private Idiosyncrasies (2017)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family and the TNF/nerve growth factor (NGF) family of their cognate receptors together control numerous immune functions, as well as tissue-homeostatic and embryonic-development processes. These diverse functions are dictated by both shared and distinct features of family members, and by interactions of some members with nonfamily ligands and coreceptors. The spectra of their activities are further expanded by the occurrence of the ligands and receptors in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, by "re-anchoring" of soluble forms to extracellular matrix components, and by signaling initiation via intracellular domains (IDs) of both receptors and ligands. Much has been learned about shared features of the receptors as well as of the ligands; however, we still have only limited knowledge of the mechanistic basis for their functional heterogeneity and for the differences between their functions and those of similarly acting cytokines of other families.
Transcription Antitermination by Translation Initiation Factor IF1 (2007)

Bacterial translation initiation factor IF1 is an S1 domain protein that belongs to the oligomer binding (OB) fold proteins. Cold shock domain (CSD)-containing proteins such as CspA (the major cold shock protein of Escherichia coli) and its homologues also belong to the OB fold protein family. The striking structural similarity between IF1 and CspA homologues suggests a functional overlap between these proteins. Certain members of the CspA family of cold shock proteins act as nucleic acid chaperones: they melt secondary structures in nucleic acids and act as transcription antiterminators. This activity may help the cell to acclimatize to low temperatures, since cold-induced stabilization of secondary structures in nascent RNA can impede transcription elongation. Here we show that the E. coli translation initiation factor, IF1, also has RNA chaperone activity and acts as a transcription antiterminator in vivo and in vitro. We further show that the RNA chaperone activity of IF1, although critical for transcription antitermination, is not essential for its role in supporting cell growth, which presumably functions in translation. The results thus indicate that IF1 may participate in transcription regulation and that cross talk and/or functional overlap may exist between the Csp family proteins, known to be involved in transcription regulation at cold shock, and S1 domain proteins, known to function in translation.
POS-112 EFFECT OF AVACOPAN, A SELECTIVE C5A RECEPTOR INHIBITOR, ON COMPLEMENT 3 GLOMERULOPATHY HISTOLOGIC INDEX OF DISEASE CHRONICITY (2022)

Complement 3 Glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare kidney disorder comprising C3 Glomerulonephritis and Dense Deposit Disease. C3G is caused by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway, often leading to increased levels of terminal fragments of C5 pathway, including C5a. C3G patients can present with proteinuria, hematuria, renal insufficiency, and/or hypertension, and commonly experience end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within 10 years after diagnosis.
Complement activation in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura according to phases of disease course (2020)

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune thrombocytopenia with shortened platelet survival and relative bone marrow failure. The pathogenesis involves antibody production, cytokine release, T cell impairment, complement activation and clearance of platelets. We measured plasma levels of C3, C4, C1q and sC5b-9 in 80 ITP patients in acute phase, 50 ITP patients in complete (CR) or partial (PR) remission and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Statistical analyses showed that acute ITP patients had higher plasma levels of sC5b-9 and C1q than CR or PR patients (median = sC5b-9: 200 versus 98 mg/dl, P-value < 0·001) (median C1q = 2·11 versus 1·00 mg/dl, P-value < 0·001). CR and PR ITP patients had sC5b-9 and C1q plasma levels comparable to those observed in healthy volunteers. There was a significant correlation between sC5b-9 and C1q plasma levels (Spearman's rho correlation index on 130 ITP patients equal to 0·58, P-value < 0·001). We also found that sC5b-9 plasma level is inversely correlated with the number of platelets. Furthermore, we divided acute ITP patients into subjects with detectable (24 of 80, 30%) or undetectable (56 of 80, 70%) anti-platelet antibodies; patients with detectable anti-platelet antibodies have significantly higher plasma levels of C1q and sC5b-9. This research will potentially offer novel therapeutic strategies in light of new drugs affecting complement activation for monitoring therapy response.
A microfluidic wireless power system (2015)

A liquid metal circuit board is used to create a stretchable power system including embedded components and an inductor coil.
Iconography : Extraction of valuable biocompounds assisted by high voltage electrical discharges: A review (2014)

Comptes Rendus Chimie - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since samedi 11 janvier 2014
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor–1 (TNFp55) Signal Transduction and Macrophage‐Derived Soluble TNF Are Crucial for Nitric Oxide–MediatedTrypanosoma congolenseParasite Killing (2007)

Control of Trypanosoma congolense infections requires an early cell-mediated immune response. To unravel the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in this process, 6 different T. congolense strains were used in 6 different gene-deficient mouse models that included TNF(-/-), TNF receptor-1 (TNFp55)(-/-), and TNF receptor-2 (TNFp75)(-/-) mice, 2 cell type-specific TNF(-/-) mice, as well as TNF-knock-in mice that expressed only membrane-bound TNF. Our results indicate that soluble TNF produced by macrophages/neutrophils and TNFp55 signaling are essential and sufficient to control parasitemia. The downstream mechanism in the control of T. congolense infection depends on inducible nitric oxide synthase activation in the liver. Such a role for nitric oxide is corroborated ex vivo, because the inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine blocks the trypanolytic activity of the adherent liver cell population, whereas exogenous interferon- gamma that stimulates nitric oxide production enhances parasite killing. In conclusion, the control of T. congolense infection depends on macrophage/neutrophil-derived soluble TNF and intact TNFp55 signaling, which induces trypanolytic nitric oxide.
A Consideration on Inertia-Ratio and Damping Property of Vibration of Two-Inertia System (2001)

Two-inertia systems are the vibratory systems which have poles near the imaginary axis. In this paper, we consider the two-inertia system with motor speed feedback, and derive the relationship between the inertia-ratio and the damping property of vibration.
The combination of TPL2 knockdown and TNFα causes synthetic lethality via caspase-8 activation in human carcinoma cell lines (2019)

Most normal and tumor cells are protected from tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced apoptosis. Here, we identify the MAP3 kinase tumor progression locus-2 (TPL2) as a player contributing to the protection of a subset of tumor cell lines. The combination of <i>TPL2</i> knockdown and TNFα gives rise to a synthetic lethality phenotype via receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Whereas wild-type TPL2 rescues the phenotype, its kinase-dead mutant does not. Comparison of the molecular events initiated by small interfering RNA for <i>TPL2</i> (si<i>TPL2</i>) ± TNFα in treatment-sensitive and -resistant lines revealed that the activation of caspase-8, downstream of miR-21-5p and cFLIP, is the dominant TPL2-dependent event. More important, comparison of the gene expression profiles of all of the tested cell lines results in the clustering of sensitive and resistant lines into distinct groups, providing proof of principle for the feasibility of generating a predictive tool for treatment sensitivity.
Flow Control at Satellite Gateways (2002)

Abstract-- Broadcast satellite networks are going play an important role in the global information infrastructure. Several systems including DirecWayfrom Hughes Network System use satellites to provide direct-to-user high speed Internet services. TCP works well in the terrestrial fiber networks but does not work well in satellite hybrid (satellite-terrestrial) networks. In this paper we analyze the problems that cause this dramatically degradedperformance. Based on the observation that it difficult for an end-to-end solution to solve these problems in this kind of hybrid networks, we propose a connection splitting based solution. A rate-based protocol is designed for the satellite connections and a flow control scheme at the satellite gateways (SGW) used to couple the two split connections together. Our simulation results shows that our scheme can maintain high utilization of the satellite link and improve fairness among the competing connections.
A cable driven upper arm exoskeleton for upper extremity rehabilitation (2011)

Conventional robotic rehabilitation devices for upper extremity are bulky, heavy or lack the ability to provide joint level rehabilitation. Some designs address these issues by replacing rigid links of the exoskeletons with light weight cables. However these designs are controlled in position mode instead of force control which is desirable for rehabilitation. In this paper, a 5 degree-of-freedom cable-driven upper arm exoskeleton, with control of force, is proposed. In this design, attachment points of cables on the arm are adjustable. The attachment points are optimized to achieve large workspace to perform activities of daily living. Simulation results of force field control for training and rehabilitation of the arm are presented. Experiments have been performed on a dummy robotic arm in the upper arm exoskeleton.
Structure-Properties Relationship of Sintered Hard Materials Analyzed Quantitatively by Using an Image Analyzer. (1991)

Recently the particle analysis of hard materials with complex phases, such as cemented carbides and Mo2FeB2 base hard alloys, has been performed by using an image analyzer. But a conventional algorithm of the image analysis has some difficulties to get accurate measurements of the microstuructural parameters, such as a mean particle size, contiguity and aspect ratio of hard partcles. To solve this problem, a new algorithm for grain boundary detection has been developed by using a back-scattered electron image, which shows electron channeling contrast (ECC) depending on the crystal direction difference in the aggregated hard particles. By applying this method to the Mo2FeB2 base hard alloys, it is quantitatively elucidated that the transverse rupture strength (TRS) drop at lower sintering temperature is due mainly to the coalescence of the hard particles.
(Invited) Thin-Film Transistor Accumulation-Mode Modeling (2022)

Analytical equations are developed for electrostatic assessment of accumulation-mode thin-film transistors (TFTs) so that potential, electric field, and accumulation layer free electron concentration profiles may be generated. Additionally, equations are derived for plotting TFT trap density versus surface potential, based on accurate extraction of the channel mobility as a function of gate voltage. A key factor in formulating these device physics equations is distinguishing between a ‘long-base’ or ‘short-base’ channel thickness. A ‘long-base’ (‘short-base’) channel thickness is defined to occur when the accumulation layer thickness (as calculated in the normal manner) is less than (greater than) the physical thickness of the channel layer. The electrostatic equations derived herein are applied to the analysis of two amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) TFTs with differing channel layers, i.e., a 40 nm amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) or a 7 nm amorphous indium zinc oxide (a-IZO). Application of these equations suggests that optimal TFT performance is obtained when the channel layer thickness is chosen to be similar to its Debye length. Estimated trap densities of these two AOS TFTs are found to be quite similar. Therefore, the superior mobility performance of the a-IZO TFT compared to the a-IGZO TFT is ascribed to the smaller effective mass of a-IZO, assuming that the maximum (no trapping) drift mobility in the channel is established by the thermally-limited diffusive mobility.
Self‐Sealing Porous Silicon‐Calcium Silicate Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Targeted siRNA Delivery to the Injured Brain (2016)

Calcium ions react with silicic acid released from dissolving porous silicon nanoparticles to create an insoluble calcium silicate shell. The calcium silicate shell traps and protects an siRNA payload, which can be delivered to neuronal tissues in vitro or in vivo. Gene delivery is enhanced by the action of targeting and cell-penetrating peptides attached to the calcium silicate shell.
Hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor-2 down-regulates hepcidin expression in mice through an erythropoietin-mediated increase in erythropoiesis (2011)

While our results indicate that hypoxia-inducible factor-2 is not directly involved in hepcidin repression, they highlight the contribution of hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor-2 to the repression of hepcidin through erythropoietin-mediated increased erythropoiesis, a result of potential clinical interest.