gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Mechanism Study of Aerodynamic Noise Emission Characteristics from a Turbocharger Compressor of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Based on Full Operating Range (2023)

Heavy-duty diesel engines equipped with turbochargers is an effective way to alleviate energy shortage and reduce gas emissions, but their compressor aerodynamic noise emissions have become an important issue that needs to be addressed urgently. Therefore, to study the aerodynamic noise emission characteristics of a compressor during the full operating range, experimental and numerical simulation methods were used to analyze the aerodynamic noise emissions. The results showed that aerodynamic noise’s total sound pressure level (SPL) increased with increased speed under the test conditions. At low speeds, the total SPL of aerodynamic noise was affected by the mass flow of the compressor more obviously. The maximum difference of aerodynamic noise total SPL was 1.55 dB at 60,000 r/min under different mass flows. At the same speed, the compressor could achieve lower aerodynamic noise emissions by operating in the high-efficiency region (middle mass flows). In the compressor aerodynamic noises, the blade passing frequency (BPF) noise played a dominant role. The transient acoustic-vibration spectral characteristics and fluctuation pressure analysis indicated that BPF and its harmonic frequency noises were mainly caused by the unsteady fluctuation pressure. As the speed increased, the BPF noise contributed more to the total SPL of the aerodynamic noise, and its percentage was up to 75.35%. The novelty of this study was the analysis of the relationship between compressor aerodynamic noise and internal flow characteristics at full operating conditions. It provided a theoretical basis for reducing the heavy-duty diesel engine turbocharger compressor aerodynamic noise emissions.
Towards organic electronic materials for electrically stimulated gene delivery:nanoparticles for biotherapeutic therapy (2015)

The cell-specific delivery of polynucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA), gene therapy, has the potential to treat various diseases. In this chapter we discuss the use of organic electronic materials as non-viral gene delivery vectors and the great potential for electrochemically triggered gene delivery. We highlight some examples in this chapter based on fullerenes (bucky balls and carbon nanotubes), graphenes and electroactive polymers, particularly those that include experiments in vivo.
Reverse Turn Induced π‐Facial Selectivity During Polyaniline‐Supported Cobalt(II) Salen Catalyzed Aerobic Epoxidation of N‐Cinnamoyl L‐Proline Derived Peptides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Humeral Retroversion and Capsule Thickening in the Overhead Throwing Athlete: A Systematic Review (2018)

Level IV, systematic review of Level III and IV studies.
Life "modes" in social media (2011)

Current social media products such as Facebook and Twitter have not sufficiently addressed how to help users organize people and content streams across different areas of their lives. We conducted a qualitative design research study to explore how we might best leverage natural models of social organization to improve experiences of social media. We found that participants organize their social worlds based on life 'modes', i.e., family, work and social. They strategically use communication technologies to manage intimacy levels within these modes, and levels of permeability through the boundaries between these modes. Mobile communication in particular enabled participants to aggregate and share content dynamically across life modes. While exploring problems with managing their social media streams, people showed a strong need for focused sharing - the ability to share content only with appropriate audiences within certain areas of life.
LAK Cell/Interleukin-2 Treatment of Malignant Gliomas (1989)

Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York Category: Brain Tumor
Phytochemical Characterization and Sensory Evaluation of Macropiper excelsum (2014)

Macropiper excelsum, a plant native to New Zealand, was investigated to identify compounds responsible for its trigeminal effects and to search for candidates masking the astringency of certain tastants. Lignans, flavonoid glycosides and several alkamides were identified via combination of instrumental and sensory analysis. trans-Pellitorine significantly reduced the astringency of epigallocatechin gallate; however, sensory evaluations of analogues showed the high specificities of trigeminal-active compounds in their abilities to mask unpleasant tastes.
Antifingerprint property of the hard coat for cartridge-free Blu-ray Disc (2003)

We made improvements on the previously reported hard-coat for cartridge-free Blu-ray disc from a viewpoint of an anti-fingerprint property. As a result of this study, two types of the hard-coat have been obtained. One is for Blu-ray discs of ROM and write-once types, and the other is for that of rewritable type. The former well inhibited a deterioration of bit error rate (bER) of the signal written prior to the fingerprint adhesion. The later exhibited low bER for the data signals written both before and after the fingerprint adhesion. These results are attributable to the area ratio of drops of fingerprint-ingredient on the disc surface, and the low area ratio resulted in a low bER. Moreover, it was confirmed that the disc with higher contact angle of oily compound exhibited the lower area ratio of the fingerprint.
Interrupted-Growth Studies of the Self-Assembly of Intrinsically Acentric Siloxane-Derived Monolayers (2003)

The evolution of an intrinsically acentric monolayer formed by self-assembly of a trimethoxysilane-functionalized, high-β azobenzene-based chromophore from solution onto hydrophilic silicon oxide surfaces shows two distinctly different adsorption steps. The kinetics of the monolayer formation on sodium lime glass and polished silicon were monitored ex situ by a combination of aqueous contact angle measurements, optical spectroscopy, transmission second-harmonic generation (at λ0 = 1064 nm), and synchrotron X-ray reflectivity. The initial adsorption step from toluene onto the substrate surface at 80 °C is completed within minutes, k1 ≈ 1 × 10-2 s-1, and results in an acentric material having ∼65% of the properties of a fully formed, dense monolayer (i.e., thickness, coverage, optical absorption, wettability, and nonlinear optical response). The second assembly stage is about 2 orders of magnitude slower, k2 ≈ 1.3 × 10-4 s-1, and reaches completion after about 6 h.
Selective area deposition of metals using low-energy electron beams (1987)

We have investigated the use of low-energy electron beams to nucleate and stimulate the deposition and growth of thin films of metals. Selective area growth of Fe from Fe(CO)5 using low-energy focused electron beams (&amp;lt;5 keV) has been deomnstrated. Low-energy electron-beam irradiation (0.5–3.0 keV) can be used to nucleate growth of Fe on a Si surface. Subsequent thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)5 on Fe is ∼900 times faster than on Si at 125 °C resulting in thick, polycrystalline Fe films deposited only in areas irradiated by the electron beam. We have demonstrated nucleation and growth of 150 nm Fe features using 3 keV, 100-nm-diam electron beam. Fluxes and energies of low-energy electrons passing through the surface (primaries, secondaries, backscatters) are calculated by a Monte Carlo technique using an accurate scattering cross section for low-energy electrons. Spatial distributions of backscatters and secondaries at primary energies &amp;lt;3000 eV are seen to be confined primarily to a radius of &amp;lt;10 nm from the point of impact, and it appears that scattering contributes little to the spatial distribution of deposited film. Minimal electron scattering at low-energy makes this regime attractive for direct write, selective area processing.
Indications and Alternatives to Hysterectomy (2014)

Hysterectomy remains one the most common procedures performed in North America. Because of a better understanding of a wide array of disease states and with emerging, more focused minimally invasive treatment options, a relative decline has been documented in the last several years. Although hysterectomy will ultimately eliminate all potential sources of abnormal uterine bleeding, various pharmacologic and surgical alternatives exist that may provide comparable benefit to the majority of women, especially if older than 40 years. Women experiencing chronic pelvic pain; however, should be counseled against hysterectomy until a more clear etiology has been identified.
1995 Edward teller lecture. Patience and optimism (1996)

Remarks made in the author’s acceptance lecture for the 1995 Edward Teller Medal are presented and expanded. Topics covered include research on nuclear‐pumped lasers, the first direct e‐beam‐pumped laser, direct energy conversion and advanced fuel fusion, plus recent work on inertial electrostatic confinement. ‘‘Patience’’ and ‘‘optimism’’ are viewed as essential elements needed by scientists following the ‘‘zig‐zag’’ path to fusion energy production.
Microring bio-chemical sensor with integrated low dark current Ge photodetector (2015)

An integrated Ge photodetector of very low dark current density is demonstrated in an optoelectronic integrated circuit label-free biosensing system. The sensor system consists of a microring for optical sensing and a monolithically integrated Ge detector. For point-of-care applications, integration of Ge detector increases the reliability of measurement by eliminating mechanical-optical alignment of output signals. Optimizing Ge detector performance will further enhance system signal-noise ratio and reliability. For homogeneous sensing, the system has a sensitivity of ∼18.8 nm/RIU and a detection limit of 3.50 × 10−5.
Orange Juice Intake Reduces Patient Discomfort and Is Effective for Bowel Cleansing With Polyethylene Glycol During Bowel Preparation (2014)

Orange juice intake before drinking 2 L of polyethylene glycol-ascorbic acid for colonoscopy can reduce patient discomfort, resulting in improved acceptability and patient compliance. This method is as effective for bowel cleansing as polyethylene glycol.
Hysteretic drain-current behavior due to random telegraph noise in Scaled-down FETs with high-&#x03BA;/metal-gate stacks (2010)

This work demonstrates for the first time that hysteretic effects associated with random telegraph noise (RTN) can lead to the short-term enhancement of drain current in the turn-on transient of scaled-down FETs. Comprehensive time domain analyses of this hysteretic behavior prove that it is a consequence of the voltage-dependence of the capture and emission rates of the RTN traps, which is measured deep into the subthreshold regime using a new technique. Relevant trap parameters are proposed and statistically accumulated. Understanding and characterizing this temporal behavior is essential to determining the impact of RTN on scaled SRAM operation.
Maximum-likelihood receiver for four-dimensional signaling schemes corrupted by ISI (1992)

A maximum-likelihood decision-directed receiver structure is derived for a data transmission system which employs quadrature-quadrature phase shift keying (Q/sup 2/PSK) as the modulation scheme. The receiver is derived by treating the problem of sequence decision, sample timing, and carrier phase as a composite estimation problem. It is shown that the resulting maximum-likelihood estimates (MLEs) are asymptotically unbiased, and the variances of these estimates are derived. In this receiver, symbol detection is carried out by means of a modified Viterbi algorithm (MVA) while a parallel synchronizer is used for carrier phase and delay recovery. As a measure of performance, an error-event probability bound is derived for the MVA. The effect of intersymbol interference, (ISI) present at the two matched filters' outputs, on the error bound is analyzed and illustrated. It is shown that the resulting MVA and the parallel estimator are well suited for systolic array implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recording temporal data onto DNA with minutes resolution (2019)

Abstract Recording biological signals can be difficult in three-dimensional matrices, such as tissue. We present a DNA polymerase-based strategy that records temporal biosignals locally onto DNA to be read out later, which could obviate the need to extract information from tissue on the fly. We use a template-independent DNA polymerase, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) that probabilistically adds dNTPs to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) substrates without a template. We show that in vitro , the dNTP-incorporation preference of TdT changes with the presence of Co 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ and temperature. Extracting the signal profile over time is possible by examining the dNTP incorporation preference along the length of synthesized ssDNA strands like a molecular ticker tape. We call this TdT-based untemplated recording of temporal local environmental signals (TURTLES). We show that we can determine the time of Co 2+ addition to within two minutes over a 60-minute period. Further, TURTLES has the capability to record multiple fluctuations. We can estimate the rise and fall of an input Co 2+ pulse to within three minutes. TURTLES has at least 200-fold better temporal resolution than all previous DNA-based recording techniques.
Impact of Plastering Mesh on Radio Propagation: Practical RF Measurements and Basic Principles (2019)

As apartment buildings age, the exterior walls usually have to be repaired after about 40-60 years. In the case of exterior wall renovations of apartment block, the old facade is usually completely renovated and the new surface is based on plastering. Plastering is used as a outermost facade surface especially in major overhaul cases, where energy efficiency is improved by increasing the thickness of the insulation layer. However, plastering can add surprising increment the radio signal attenuation caused by the exterior wall. The reason for this is the iron mesh used to support plastering. That mesh attenuates the signals of wireless systems, especially at low frequencies. In this study, it has been shown that the plastering mesh acts as a high pass filter and can double the wall overall attenuation at frequencies below 1 GHz used by cellular networks.
Liver Transplantation for Autoimmune Liver Disease (2014)

자가면역성 간질환은 자신의 간조직 내에 표현되는 항원에 대한 면역관용의 결핍으로 발생하는 질환군으로 자가면역성 간염 (autoimmune hepatitis, AIH), 원발성 담즙성 간경변 (primary biliary cirrhosis, PBC)과 원발성 경화성 담관염primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)가 해당한다. 대부분의 경우 내과적 치료에 잘 반응하여 간경변으로 진행되지 않으나, 일부 환자의 경우 조직 손상이 진행되어 결국 간이식을 필요로 하게 된다. 간이식의 적응증은 일반적인 적응증과 차이는 없으나 예외적으로 간 기능이 보존되어 있더라도 기타 치료에 반응하지 않은 가려움증과 반복되는 간성 뇌병증은 간이식의 대상자가 될 수 있다. 자가면역성 간질환의 간이식의 성적은 비교적 양호하여 5년 이식편 생존율은 72~78%이며 환자 생존율은 80~83%된다. 그러나 원발질환의 재발이 약 20-30%에서 발생하고 다른 적응증에 비해 이식 후 거부반응이 잘 생기는 것으로 알려져 있다. AIH의 경우 재발하여도 간기능은 정상일 수 있으므로 이식 후 재발 여부에 주의가 필요하다. 대개 스테로이드 투여로 잘 조절되지만, 약 6%의 환자에선 결국 간부전으로 진행된다. UDCA는 PBC에서 간 손상을 예방하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이식 후 재발한 환자에의 효과에 대해선 아직 잘 알려진 바 없다. 다만 2% 미만의 환자만 PBC 재발로 인해 이식편이 소실되어 임상적 중요성은 크지 않다. PSC 재발은 장염이 있는 경우와 생체간이식 기증자가 수여자와 1촌 지간인 경우 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 현재까지 재발성 PSC에 효과가 있는 치료는 알려진바 없다. AIH와 유사한 임상적 조직학적 소견이 미면역성 질환으로 간이식 받은 수여자에서 나타날 수 있으며 이를 de novo AIH라 한다. De novo AIH는 AIH처럼 스테로이드에 잘 반응하나 마찬가지로 적절한 치료가 시행되지 않을 경우 간경변으로 진행할 수 있어 주의가 필요하다.
Production of Hemicellulose- and Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes by Various Strains of Sclerotium Rolfsii (1997)

A number of wild-type isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii were screened for their capacity to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes when grown on a cellulose-based medium. S. rolfsii proved to be an efficient producer of hemicellulolytic enzymes under the conditions selected for this screening, although there was a great variability in enzyme activities formed by the different isolates. In addition to xylanase and mannanase, which were produced in remarkably high levels, a number of accessory enzymes, which are important for the complete degradation of substituted hemicelluloses and include α-arabinosidase, acetyl esterase, and α-galactosidase, are formed by S. rolfsii. Efficient production of xylanase and mannanase was achieved when cellulose-based media were used for growth. Under these conditions, enhanced levels of endoglucanase were formed as well. Formation of xylanase and mannanase could be more specifically induced when using xylan or mannan as growth substrates, although the enzyme activities thus obtained were significantly lower compared to cultivations on cellulose as main inducing substrate.
Transcription Factor ATF4 Induces NLRP1 Inflammasome Expression during Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2015)

Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis triggers the ER stress response (also known as Unfolded Protein Response), a hallmark of many pathological disorders. However the connection between ER stress and inflammation remains largely unexplored. Recent data suggest that ER stress controls the activity of inflammasomes, key signaling platforms that mediate innate immune responses. Here we report that expression of NLRP1, a core inflammasome component, is specifically up-regulated during severe ER stress conditions in human cell lines. Both IRE1α and PERK, but not the ATF6 pathway, modulate NLRP1 gene expression. Furthermore, using mutagenesis, chromatin immunoprecipitation and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing technology, we demonstrate that ATF4 transcription factor directly binds to NLRP1 promoter during ER stress. Although involved in different types of inflammatory responses, XBP-1 splicing was not required for NLRP1 induction. This study provides further evidence that links ER stress with innate.
Ensuring connectivity via data plane mechanisms (2013)

We typically think of network architectures as having two basic components: a data plane responsible for forwarding packets at line-speed, and a control plane that instantiates the forwarding state the data plane needs. With this separation of concerns, ensuring connectivity is the responsibility of the control plane. However, the control plane typically operates at timescales several orders of magnitude slower than the data plane, which means that failure recovery will always be slow compared to data plane forwarding rates.

In this paper we propose moving the responsibility for connectivity to the data plane. Our design, called Data-Driven Connectivity (DDC) ensures routing connectivity via data plane mechanisms. We believe this new separation of concerns -- basic connectivity on the data plane, optimal paths on the control plane -- will allow networks to provide a much higher degree of availability, while still providing flexible routing control.
Simulation of Conformality of ALD Growth Inside Lateral Channels: Comparison Between a Diffusion-Reaction Model and a Ballistic Transport-Reaction Model (2023)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has found significant use in the coating of high-aspect-ratio (HAR) structures. Approaches to model ALD film conformality in HAR structures can generally be classified into diffusion-reaction (DR) models, ballistic transport-reaction (BTR) models and Monte Carlo simulations. This work compares saturation profiles obtained using a DR model and a BTR model. The saturation profiles were compared qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of half-coverage penetration depth, slope at half-coverage penetration depth and adsorption front broadness. The results showed qualitative agreement between the models, except for a section of elevated surface coverage at the end of the structure, `trunk', observed in the BTR model. Quantitatively, the BTR model produced deeper penetration into the structure, lower absolute values of the slope at half-coverage penetration depth and broader adsorption fronts compared to the DR model. These differences affect the values obtained when extracting kinetic parameters from the saturation profiles.
IMMUNODEFICIENCY IN DOWN'S SYNDROME (1978)

"Natural" antibody titres to E. coli O antigens of different serotypes and to rabbit red blood cells were determined in 86 subjects with Down's syndrome and 79 mentally retarded but chromosomally normal controls ranging in age from 10 months to 52 years. Subjects in the two groups were matched for sex, age and socio-environmental conditions. Titres of both antibodies, assessed by haemagglutination, were significantly lower in subjects with DS in the 1 to 5 year old group. E. coli antibodies transiently increased to normal values in subjects with DS during the second 5 years of life, thereafter rapidly declining to levels significantly lower than those observed in controls. The titres of antibodies to rabbit erythrocytes in subjects with Down's syndrome showed a more variable course transiently approaching normal values in the 7-10 year group and after 20 years of age. These data are interpreted as further evidence for the existence of a congenital immunodeficiency in Down's syndrome.
<i>In Situ</i> Cultivation Allows for Recovery of Bacterial Types Competitive in Their Natural Environment (2016)

Standard cultivation fails to grow most microorganisms, whereas in situ cultivation allows for the isolation of comparatively diverse and novel microorganisms. Information on similarities and differences in the physiological properties of isolates obtained from in situ cultivation and standard cultivation is limited. Therefore, we used the arctic sediment samples and compared two culture collections obtained using standard and novel cultivation techniques. Even though there was no temperature selection at the isolation step, isolates from each method showed different reactions to temperature. The results of the present study suggest that isolates from in situ cultivation are more competitive in their natural environment.
Combining Relaying and Reflective Surfaces: Power Consumption and Energy Efficiency Analysis (2022)

Hybrid relaying networks (HRNs) combining both a relay and an intelligent reflective surface (IRS) can lead to enhanced rate performance compared to non-hybrid relaying schemes, where only either an IRS or a relay is utilized. However, utilizing both the relay and the IRS simultaneously results in higher power consumption for the HRNs compared to their counterpart. In this work, we study the required transmit power levels and the energy efficiency (EE) o f H RNs utilizing both a half-duplex decode-and-forward (HD-DF) relay and an IRS, and compare their performance with non-hybrid relaying schemes. The impact of the required channel estimation overheads is considered when the reflective beamforming design (RBD) at the IRS is carried out under both instantaneous and statistical channel state information models. Also, the investigation is performed for both slow- and fast-changing environments. In terms of the transmit power requirements, our results show that HRNs can lead to higher power savings if the number of reflective elements at the IRS is not very large. However, non-hybrid relaying schemes are shown to be more energy-efficient, unless the targeted rate is high and the IRS is distant from both transmitter and receiver but within a close proximity to the relay.