gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrometry for chemists and biochemists, Second Edition R. A. W. Johnstone and Malcolm E. Rose (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTMass spectrometry for chemists and biochemists, Second Edition R. A. W. Johnstone and Malcolm E. RoseDavid H. RussellDavid H. RussellThe Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 77843, College Station, Texas, USAMore by David H. RussellCite this: J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1998, 9, 6, 649–650Publication Date (Web):June 1, 1998Publication History Published online1 June 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1016/S1044-0305(98)00029-4https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-0305(98)00029-4book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 © American Society for Mass Spectrometry 1998Request reuse permissionsArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: CYTOCHROME OXIDASE MODELS. 3. SPIN COUPLING ACROSS IMIDAZOLATE BRIDGES IN BINUCLEAR METALLOPORPHYRIN COMPLEXES OF IRON AND COPPER (1982)

Abstract Die vier neuen u‐Imidazolatoverbindungen (III) werden durch Reaktion äquimolarer Mengen der Komplexe (I) und (II) in Gegenwart einer Base wie 1,2‐Bis‐[dimethylamino]‐naphthalin oder K‐t‐Butanolat dargestellt (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
Complex light in 3D printing (2016)

3D printing as a tool to generate complicated shapes from CAD files, on demand, with different materials from plastics to metals, is shortening product development cycles, enabling new design possibilities and can provide a mean to manufacture small volumes cost effectively. There are many technologies for 3D printing and the majority uses light in the process. In one process (Multi-jet modeling, polyjet, printoptical&copy;), a printhead prints layers of ultra-violet curable liquid plastic. Here, each nozzle deposits the material, which is then flooded by a UV curing lamp to harden it. In another process (Stereolithography), a focused UV laser beam provides both the spatial localization and the photo-hardening of the resin. Similarly, laser sintering works with metal powders by locally melting the material point by point and layer by layer. When the laser delivers ultra-fast focused pulses, nonlinear effects polymerize the material with high spatial resolution. In these processes, light is either focused in one spot and the part is made by scanning it or the light is expanded and covers a wide area for photopolymerization. Hence a fairly “simple” light field is used in both cases. Here, we give examples of how “complex light” brings additional level of complexity in 3D printing.
POROUS COATED MOTION CERVICAL (PCM) DISC REPLACEMENT IN ADJACENT SEGMENT DISEASE: CLINICAL FOLLOW-UP OF 40 CASES (2006)

Introduction Adjacent segment disease with radiculopathy and neurologic deficit adjacent to a non-mobile spinal segment is the ideal application for cervical arthroplasty. Not only are the stresses and loads increased but unfortunately the previously fused segment is further compromised by being fixed in a kyphotic position. Methods This is a prospective study of 40 PCM prostheses inserted in thirty patients with 50 adjacent segments previously fused or rendered immobile—ten cases were performed as bi-level implantations. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were otherwise identical to the normal FDA prospective IDE criteria with all patients presenting with radiculopathy and a corresponding neurologic deficit confirmed by an MRI compressive lesion. Results The mean preoperative cervical lordosis was 2.65 degrees (−32 to 25), mean postoperative lordosis 12.3 degrees (−17 to 30), and the mean improvement was 9.4 degrees of cervical lordosis (range (−15 to 23). EBL = 0 to 100 cc with no patients requiring blood transfusions, Length of surgery = mean 104 minutes (60 to 150) and the length of hospital stay = mean 1.17 days (0 to 3 days). The clinical follow-up was greater than 2 years. All patients were neurologically intact at follow up with a mean improvement of NDI = 50 % and mean improvement in VAS = 58.3 %.The range of flexion and extension motion at the level of the prosthesis was a mean of 8.9 degrees (range 4 to 20 degrees). Discussion Naturally, the adjacent segment application of a cervical disc replacement is a challenging clinical environment for cervical arthroplasty – by definition every case had prior surgery. Not only is the cervical spine position often compromised by being in excessive kyphosis, but seventeen of the 50 previously fused levels had prior cervical instrumentation. 5 patients had previous cervical cages, 2 had cage-plates, 5 patients had previous anterior cervical plates, one had a prior arthroplasty device with HO, and 4 patients had PMMA which required revision. Despite the complicated nature of the presenting pathology, the Porous Coated Motion Cervical prosthesis successfully restored some element of cervical lordosis, and restored stability to the cervical segments. An added potential bonus is the preserved 9.4 degrees of flexion – extension mobility. The PCM appeared to work well in these revision cases. This is the world’s largest study to date investigating prospectively the value of cervical arthroplasty in adjacent segment disease.
<title>Theory of chiral-racemic mixtures near the Smectic C-Smectic A transition point: dependence of spontaneous polarization and transition temperature on enantiometric excess</title> (1994)

A simple theoretical model is proposed for describing thermodynamic properties of chiral- racemic mixtures. It is shown that in the case of chiral-racemic mixtures, spontaneous polarization tends to be linear and Smectic C--Smectic A transition temperature--quadratic function of the enantiometric excess, which is confirmed by our experimental data.
Release of nitrite from the antitubercular nitroimidazoledrug PA-824 and analogues upon one-electron reduction in protic, non-aqueous solvent (2009)

The one-electron reduction chemistry of the antituberculosis drug PA-824, together with a series of closely related compounds, has been investigated in irradiated anaerobic propan-2-ol solution. The protic solvent, of low dielectric constant, was chosen to mimic the environment of a water-restricting active site of a model protein, which is capable of reducing the compounds. Radiolytic reduction of the compounds containing electron donating substituents in the 2-position of the imidazole ring released nitrite, with compounds that are highly active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibiting high yields of nitrite. The release of cytotoxic reactive nitrogen species through a one-electron pathway, by as yet unidentified proteins, may play a role in the activity of this class of compounds against TB. The described radiolytic quantification of nitrite release may have utility as a preliminary screening test for nitroaromatic candidate drugs against the disease.
Efficiency of Spin-Transfer-Torque Switching and Thermal-Stability Factor in a Spin-Valve Nanopillar with First- and Second-Order Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropies (2017)

Spin-valve nanopillars are under extensive development to realize spintronic nonvolatile memory. Here highly efficient spin-transfer-torque switching is required, but cannot be enhanced by simply adjusting the first-order uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The authors find that, by introducing second-order anisotropy and manipulating the ratio of first- and second-order quantities, efficiency can be raised dramatically, or the thermal stability against accidental switching can be maximized. These results provide an indispensable guide for the design of magnetoresistive random-access memory.
Automated summarisation of SDOCT volumes using deep learning: Transfer learning vs de novo trained networks (2019)

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality that generates high-resolution volumetric images. This modality finds widespread usage in ophthalmology for the diagnosis and management of various ocular conditions. The volumes generated can contain 200 or more B-scans. Manual inspection of such large quantity of scans is time consuming and error prone in most clinical settings. Here, we present a method for the generation of visual summaries of SDOCT volumes, wherein a small set of B-scans that highlight the most clinically relevant features in a volume are extracted. The method was trained and evaluated on data acquired from age-related macular degeneration patients, and "relevance" was defined as the presence of visibly discernible structural abnormalities. The summarisation system consists of a detection module, where relevant B-scans are extracted from the volume, and a set of rules that determines which B-scans are included in the visual summary. Two deep learning approaches are presented and compared for the classification of B-scans-transfer learning and de novo learning. Both approaches performed comparably with AUCs of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively, obtained on an independent test set. The de novo network, however, was 98% smaller than the transfer learning approach, and had a run-time that was also significantly shorter.
Transgenic mice that express the human multidrug-resistance gene in bone marrow enable a rapid identification of agents that (2016)

The development of preclinical models for the rapid testing of agents that circumvent multidrug resistance in cancer is a high priority of research on drug resistance. A common form of multidrug resistance in human cancer results from expression of the MDR) gene, which encodes a Mr 170,000 glycoprotein that functions as a plasma membrane energy- dependent multidrug efflux pump. We have engineered trans- genic mice that express this multidrug transporter in their bone marrow and demonstrated that these animals are resistant to leukopenia by a panel of anticancer drugs including anthra- cyclines, vinca alkaloids, etoposide, taxol, and actinomycin D. Differential leukocyte counts indicate that both neutrophils and lymphocytes are protected. Drugs such as cisplatin, methotrex- ate, and 5-fluorouracil, which are not handled by the multidrug transporter, produce bone marrow suppression in both normal and transgenic mice. The resistance conferred by the MDR) gene can be circumvented in a dose-dependent manner by simultaneous administration of agents previously shown to be inhibitors of the multidrug transporter in vitro, including verapamil isomers, quinidine, and quinine. Verapamil and quinine, both at levels suitable for human trials that produced only partial sensitization of the MDRJ-transgenic mice, were fully sensitizing when used in combination. We conclude that MDRJ-transgenic mice provide a rapid and reliable system to determine the bioactivity of agents that reverse multidrug resistance in animals.
Investigation of Enhanced Free Volume in Nanosilica-Filled Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) by129Xe NMR Spectroscopy (2002)

The gas permeability of poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] (PTMSP) containing nanoparticulate fumed silica increases with increasing filler content. This unusual phenomenon is explored using 129Xe NMR spectroscopy to examine the effect of filler on the free volume of the PTMSP host matrix. The 129Xe NMR chemical shift decreases regularly with increasing fumed silica concentration, consistent with an increase in the average size of free volume elements or cavities through which molecular transport can occur. A relationship between the chemical shift and gas permeability in the filled polymer is reported.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sample processing and TAD similarity between samples.&lt;/p&gt;
6G Wireless Communications: From Far-Field Beam Steering to Near-Field Beam Focusing (2023)

6G networks will be required to support higher data rates, improved energy efficiency, lower latency, and more diverse users compared with 5G systems. To meet these requirements, electrically extremely large-scale antenna arrays are envisioned to be key physical-layer technologies. As a consequence, it is expected that some portion of future 6G wireless communications may take place in the radiating near-field (Fresnel) region, in addition to the far-field operation as in current wireless technologies. In this article, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that arise in radiating near-field communications. We begin by discussing the key physical characteristics of near-field communications, where the standard plane-wave propagation assumption no longer holds, and clarifying its implication on the modelling of wireless channels. Then, we elaborate on the ability to leverage spherical wavefronts via beam focusing, highlighting its advantages for 6G systems. We point out several appealing application scenarios which, with proper design, can benefit from near-field operation, including interference mitigation in multi-user communications, accurate localization and focused sensing, as well as wireless power transfer with minimal energy pollution. We conclude by discussing some of the design challenges and research directions that are yet to be explored to fully harness the potential of near-field operation.
Fullerene molecular weight distributions in graphite soot extractions measured by laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry (1993)

Fullerenes were extracted from graphite soot produced by the Huffman-Kratschmer process by using a number of solvents, including refluxing in xylenes, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, alpha,alpha,alpha-trichlorotoluene, and 1-methylnaphthalene, and by using high-pressure, high-temperature o-xylene and supercritical carbon tetrachloride. The extract was dried and analyzed using laser desorption/Fourier transform mass spectrometry in order to measure fullerene molecular weight distributions. Positive and negative ion mass spectra were taken of all samples in order to compare the types of spectra. It is expected from mechanistic considerations and from past results that negative ion spectra should be less sensitive to growth or fragmentation of the fullerenes. The determination of the most reliable fullerene distributions requires a comparison of both positive and negative ion mass spectra, however. The highest mass distribution, with fullerenes to 2500 amu, was found for 1-methylnaphthalene extract, although there was evidence for dimers, trimers, and tetramers of the solvent in the extract. High-pressure o-xylene yielded fullerene distributions to 2000 amu. It was found that, for some solvents, residual solvent or solvent polymerization affected the reliable measurement of fullerene distributions by laser desorption. Extraction with supercritical carbon tetrachloride degraded the fullerenes or the soot into perchlorinated aromatic molecules.
Enhanced sensitivity of flow detection in small vessels with slow flow by coherent-flow power Doppler (2018)

Power Doppler imaging is a commonly used method for the detection of flow. However, the sensitivity of power Doppler in small vessel detection is limited in clinical ultraound scanners by a combination of factors, including the small-diameter of vessels, slow flow through the vessels, the size of the Doppler ensemble, the presence of motion, the presence of noise, and the type of filter used. We have developed an alternative power Doppler imaging technique that enhances flow detection of small vessels and slow flow. This technique utilizes the same principles as power Doppler, but uses the coherence of backscattered blood signal rather than the backscattered signal power. We show that this technique, called coherent flow power Doppler (CFPD), is less sensitive to clutter-based signals and thermal noise and improves signal-to-noise ratio of the flow signal. We show through simulations, phantoms, and in vivo experimentation in human liver that this additional signal-to-noise ratio (7.5-12.5 dB) can be utilized to detect slower flow, improved frame rate (smaller Doppler ensemble), or improve the Doppler image profile. In addition, the technique demonstrates better signal-to-noise ratio for small-sized vessels (less than 2 mm).
Supplemental Tables 1 - 2, Figures 1 - 9 from Robust Antitumor Effects of Combined Anti–CD4-Depleting Antibody and Anti–PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Antibody Treatment in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Antibodies for flow cytometry and immunohistostaining. Table S2. Primers and probes used in real-time PCR. Supplementary Figure S1. Generation of B16F10-ÃŽ?hLNGFR transfected cells. Supplementary Figure S2. Optimization of the timing and dose for the administration of anti-CD4 mAb monotherapy. Supplementary Figure S3. Anti-CD4 mAb treatment decreases numbers of CD4+ T cells and pDCs in the blood, lymph nodes, spleen and tumor. Supplementary Figure S4. Intravascular staining distinguishes the intravascular and parenchymal leukocyte fractions in tumor tissue. Supplementary Figure S5. Anti-CD4 mAb treatment enhances the killing activity of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Supplementary Figure S6. Anti-CD4 mAb treatment systemically increases the number of CD8+ CD44hi PD-1+ T cells. Supplementary Figure S7. Anti-CD4 mAb treatment causes proliferation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Supplementary Figure S8. Anti-CD4 mAb treatment enhances proliferation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the dLN. Supplementary Figure S9. Anti-CD4 mAb treatment or combination treatment with anti-CD4 and anti-PD-1 or PD-L1 mAbs induces anti-tumor gene expression within the tumor.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Water‐Soluble Esterase‐Activated CO‐Releasing Molecules Targeting Mitochondria (2022)

Due to the beneficial effects of carbon monoxide as a cell-protective and anti-inflammatory agent, CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) offer some promising potential applications in medicine. In this context, we synthesized a set of acyloxy-cyclohexadiene-Fe(CO)<sub>3</sub> complexes, all displaying a N-methyl-pyridinium triflate moiety in the ester side chain, as mitochondria-targeting esterase-triggered CORM prodrugs. Whereas the compounds in which the acyloxy substituent is attached to the 2-position of the diene-Fe(CO)<sub>3</sub> unit (A series) spontaneously release CO upon dissolution in phosphate buffer, which remarkably is partly suppressed in the presence of porcine liver esterase (PLE), the 1-substituted isomers (B series) show the expected PLE-induced release of CO (up to 3 equiv.). The biological activity of Mito-CORMs 2/3-B and their isophorone-derived analogs 2/3-A', which also displayed PLE-induced CO release, was assessed by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Whereas Mito-CORMs 2/3-B were not cytotoxic up to 500 μM (MTT assay), Mito-CORMs 2/3-A' caused significant toxicity at concentrations above 50 μM. The anti-inflammatory potential of both Mito-CORM variants was demonstrated by concentration-dependent down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory markers VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and CXCL1 as well as induction of HO-1 in TNFα-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; western blotting and qPCR). Energy phenotyping by seahorse real-time cell metabolic analysis, revealed opposing shifts of metabolic potentials in cells treated either with Mito-CORMs 2/3-B (increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic activity) or Mito-CORMs 2/3-A' (suppressed mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolytic activity). Thus, the Mito-CORMs represent valuable tools for the safe and targeted delivery of CO to mitochondria as a subcellular compartment to induce positive anti-inflammatory effects with only minor shifts in cellular energy metabolism. Also, due to their water solubility, these compounds provide a promising starting point for further pharmacological studies.
Coherent selection of invisible high-order electromagnetic excitations (2017)

Far-field spectroscopy and mapping of electromagnetic near-field distribution are the two dominant tools for analysis and characterization of the electromagnetic response in nanophotonics. Despite the widespread use, these methods can fail at identifying weak electromagnetic excitations masked by stronger neighboring excitations. This is particularly problematic in ultrafast nanophotonics, including optical sensing, nonlinear optics and nanolasers, where the broad resonant modes can overlap to a significant degree. Here, using plasmonic metamaterials, we demonstrate that coherent spectroscopy can conveniently isolate and detect such hidden high-order photonic excitations. Our results establish that the coherent spectroscopy is a powerful new tool. It complements the conventional methods for analysis of the electromagnetic response, and provides a new route to designing and characterizing novel photonic devices and materials.
Continuous Solar Simulator for Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (2010)

A continuous solar simulator for measuring performance of concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) systems is presented. The illumination system is based on a Xenon lamp, a homogenizer rod, shaping optics and a 30cm diameter collimator. The design optimises the reproduction of the characteristics of direct solar illumination: 32’ divergence, high spatial homogeneity, sun-like spectral distribution, with a maximum intensity of 250W/m². It accommodates pass-band and attenuation filters to tune the beam output. It operates in continuous mode, allowing to investigate CPV thermal aspects as well. The present paper addresses the concept design of the solar simulator and associated performance results.
Effects of electromagnetic interference on controller-computer upsets and system stability (2000)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) causes controller upsets manifested as errors in control-law computation on a controller computer, or as disturbances in data transmission between sensors/actuators and the controller computer, which may be critical to system stability. We compute the probability of these EMI-induced upsets in terms of the parameters governing EMI behaviors and the conditional probabilities of upsets in the presence of EMI, which is useful for the design and verification of the integrity of reliable controllers. The results are used to modify a system dynamic equation to examine asymptotic stability with probability one for the random sequences of the system states evolving according to the resultant dynamic equation, which are validated via a simple EMI experiment in a reverberation chamber.
Design of Functional Inorganic Materials by Ion Beams. Approach to High Performance Oxide Glassy and Amorphous Materials by Ion Implantation. (1997)

Recently, ion implantation has strongly stimulated efforts for the creation of high performance wide gap oxide materials. This article briefly reviews our recent works on the creation of wide gap oxide glassy and amorphous materials with an optoelectronic function by ion implantation along with the background and expectation for a new extension utilizing properties of photo-active structural defects produced by implantation. The topics cover nanometer-sized colloid embedded glasses for nonlinear optical materials, transparent amorphous oxides with metallic conduction, and fast proton-conducting glasses.