gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Cyclopropanation of Chiral Allylic Alcohols: A More Efficient Reagent for the Relative Stereocontrol (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoselective Cyclopropanation of Chiral Allylic Alcohols: A More Efficient Reagent for the Relative StereocontrolAndre B. Charette and Helene LebelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 10, 2966–2967Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00115a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00115a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1384Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Symmetry and polarity of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy studied by the Anomalous Hall effect (2018)

The voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect in FeB and FeB/W films was measured by four independent methods. All measurements are consistent and show the same tendency. The coercive field, Hall angle, anisotropy field, the magnetization switching time and retention time linearly decrease when the gate voltage increases and they linearly increase when the gate voltage decreases.
Competitive Adsorption of Metal Ions onto Hydrophilic Silicon Surfaces from Aqueous Solution (1999)

Si surfaces prepared using the IMEC‐clean were exposed to a dilute solution of ten metals, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Ni, Sr, and Zn, in dilute nitric acid solution. The metal deposition onto hydrophilic silicon surfaces was found to be dependent on the metal concentration, pH, and adsorption time, the power‐dependence of metal surface concentrations, as expressed in , ranged from 0.27 for to 0.73 for , with an average value of 0.54. The power dependence of metal surface concentrations, as , ranged from −0.07 for K to −0.56 for Sr, with an average value of −0.30. We interpret these results to be consequences of all cations, in solution, including , competing for a limited number of adsorption sites. Using the Langmuir assumptions for adsorption behavior, we derive mathematical relationships for such behavior, with the key result being is the surface concentration of the metal, the solution concentration of the metal cation, and is the equilibrium constant governing its attachment to the surface, for the ith species. σ is the areal density of adsorption sites on the surface. Summation proceeds over all cations, including , in solution. Consequences of this relationship include the observed fractional power dependencies of and the metal cations, and the reduced adsorption onto the surface of any given metal cation when in the presence of other cations, including . © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Clinical and Technical Results from Spinal Stimulation for Chronic Pain of Diverse Pathophysiologies (1992)

Spinal stimulation has been indicated for pain of peripheral deafferentation, but not for low-back pain. Technical and clinical records of 241 consecutive spinal stimulator recipients were reviewed, including: peripheral deafferentation pain (n = 44); predominant pain of low back, postlaminectomy (n = 96), and predominant pain of leg(s), postlaminectomy (n = 48). The groups were not statistically different with respect to important clinical features. For the postlaminectomy syndromes, only the technical results correlated significantly with outcome. Spinal stimulation actually yielded results as good for the 'failed back surgery syndrome' as for peripheral deafferentation pain, because newer technical methods were proven to stimulate the low back predictably.
Electrochemical Redox Refrigeration (2019)

The high conformational entropy change of the Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>3-/4-</sup> redox reaction can be used as the basis for a compact electrochemical refrigerator. This device is comparable to a liquid version of a Peltier cooler, with two distinct advantages: (1) the entropy change per carrier (1.5 mV/K) of the electrochemical refrigerant is more than 5 times larger than that of state-of-the-art solid thermoelectric materials; and (2) the liquid electrolyte can be advected continuously away from the cooling junction, so that Joule heating in the bulk element does not diminish the delivered cooling effect. In this work, we use infrared microscopy to visualize the thermal aspects of Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub><sup>3-/4-</sup> redox, and compare the estimated cooling to calculated values with and without electrolyte flow. While the temperature differences achieved in a single cell are small (~50 mK) and not enhanced by electrolyte flow, the cooling power density (~0.5 W/cm<sup>3</sup>) is high when normalized to the small electrode volume. Non-dimensional figures of merit are proposed to identify electrochemical redox species for maximizing the cooling effect.
Skin Chromophore Estimation from Mobile Selfie Images using Constrained Independent Component Analysis (2020)

Human skin is made up of two primary chromophores: melanin, the pigment in the epidermis giving skin its color; and hemoglobin, the pigment in the red blood cells of the vascular network within the dermis. The relative concentrations of these chromophores provide a vital indicator for skin health and appearance. We present a technique to automatically estimate chromophore maps from RGB images of human faces captured with mobile devices such as smartphones. The ultimate goal is to provide a diagnostic aid for individuals to monitor and improve the quality of their facial skin. A previous method approaches the problem as one of blind source separation, and applies Independent Component Analysis (ICA) in camera RGB space to estimate the chromophores. We extend this technique in two important ways. First we observe that models for light transport in skin call for source separation to be performed in log spectral reflectance coordinates rather than in RGB. Thus we transform camera RGB to a spectral reflectance space prior to applying ICA. This process involves the use of a linear camera model and Principal Component Analysis to represent skin spectral reflectance as a lowdimensional manifold. The camera model requires knowledge of the incident illuminant, which we obtain via a novel technique that uses the human lip as a calibration object. Second, we address an inherent limitation with ICA that the ordering of the separated signals is random and ambiguous. We incorporate a domain-specific prior model for human chromophore spectra as a constraint in solving ICA. Results on a dataset of mobile camera images show high quality and unambiguous recovery of chromophores.
Smooth Rényi Entropy of Ergodic Quantum Information Sources (2007)

We investigate the recently introduced notion of smooth Renyi entropy for the case of ergodic information sources, thereby generalizing previous work which concentrated mainly on i.i.d. information sources. We will actually consider ergodic quantum information sources, of which ergodic classical information sources are a special case. We prove that the average smooth Renyi entropy rate will approach the entropy rate of a stationary, ergodic source, which is equal to the Shannon entropy rate for a classical source and the von Neumann entropy rate for a quantum source.
Using antibodies to target cancer therapeutics (2012)

The increasing number of new agents being developed and tested clinically suggests that antibody-targeted compounds will have an expanding role in the future.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Toward the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Ptilomycalin A. Use of a Tethered Biginelli Condensation for the Preparation of an Advanced Tricyclic Intermediate. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prognostic value of quantitative ctDNA levels in non small cell lung cancer patients (2017)

The appearance or increase in a unit of the p.T790M allele frequency almost triples the risk of death and progression. This information can be used to design clinical trials aiming to estimate whether T790M positive patients should start second line treatment based on molecular data rather than imaging data.
Kernel tapering: A simple and effective approach to sparse kernels for image processing (2014)

Kernel methods have been regarded as an effective approach in image processing. However, when calculating the similarity induced by kernels, existing kernel methods usually incorporate irrelevant features (e.g., the background features of an object in a image), which are then inherited to kernel learning methods and thus lead to suboptimal performance. To attack this problem, we introduce a framework of kernel tapering, which is a simple and effective approach to reduce the effects of irrelevant features while keeping the positive semi-definiteness of kernel matrices. In theory, it can be demonstrated that the tapered kernels asymptotically approximate the original kernel functions. In practical image applications where noises or irrelevant features are widely observed, we have further shown that the introduced kernel tapering framework can greatly enhance the performance of their original kernel partners for kernel k-means and kernel nonnegative matrix factorization.
4-Deacetylbaccatin III: A Proposed Biosynthetic Precursor of Paclitaxel from the Bark of Taxus Wallichiana (2010)

4-Deacetylbaccatin III was isolated and characterized from the bark of Taxus wallichiana Zucc. It was previously identified as an intermediate during the synthesis of paclitaxel and was proposed as a precursor for the biosynthesis of paclitaxel. Existence of 4-deacetylbaccatin III in T. wallichiana is strong evidence for the previously proposed biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel via 4-deacetylbaccatin III.
ChemInform Abstract: Californium‐252 Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry as an Aid in the Synthesis of a Series of Adenosine and Xanthine Conjugates. (1987)

Abstract Two series of biologically active purine derivatives are analyzed using the title mass spectrometry technique.
Efficient normalization based upon GPD [generalized probabilistic descent] (2002)

We propose a simple but powerful method for normalizing various sources of mismatch between training and testing conditions in speech recognizers, based on a training methodology called the generalized probabilistic descent method (GPD). In this new framework, a gradient based method is used to adapt the parameters of the feature extraction process in order to minimize the distortion between new speech data and existing classifier models, while most conventional normalization/adaptation methods attempt to adapt classification parameters. The GPD was proposed as a general discriminative training method for pattern recognizers such as neural networks. Up until now this has been used only for classifier design, sometimes in combination with the design of a non adaptive feature extractor. This paper, in contrast, studies the adaptive training benefits of GPD in the framework of normalizing the feature extractor to a new pattern environment. Experiments which use this technique to improve Japanese vowel classification were conducted and demonstrate the ability to reduce error rates by as much as 40%.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF HUMAN VAGINAL EPITHELIUM UNDER NORMAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS (1974)

Recent studies have demonstrated that several types of intercellular connections maintain the architecture of the human epithelium (Karrer, 1960; Burgos &amp; Vargas Linares, 1970). Several types of cell junctions were also recognized between the vaginal epithelial cells of a number of species: guinea-pig (Burgos &amp; Wislocki, 1958), hamster (Vargas Linares &amp; Burgos, 1965; Vargas Linares, 1968), rat (Schuchner, Paczy &amp; Asch, 1972) and human (Vargas Linares &amp; Burgos, 1968; Burgos &amp; Vargas Linares, 1970). The present study was designed to show the ultrastructural changes of the human vaginal epithelium under the influence of the local chelating action of EDTA and the subsequent recovery of the epithelium. The biopsies were performed on clinically normal vaginal mucosae. Three biopsies were obtained from each of the eight women
Transport électronique et magnétisme dans les conducteurs organiques irradiés (1985)

Les conducteurs organiques presentent un large domaine de temperature dans lequel ils sont metalliques. L'instabilite de leur gaz electronique, tres anisotrope, peut conduire a une transition de phase a basse temperature. Mais, si les electrons sont suffisamment unidimensionnels, des fluctuations annoncant cette instabilite se developpent dans le regime haute-temperature et peuvent donner un transport collectif du courant. Les defauts crees par irradiation sont capables de localiser les electrons presque unidimensionnels. La conductivite devient sous irradiation caracteristique d'un effet tunnel assiste par les phonons entre particules metalliques. Cette etude decrit le magnetisme de ces electrons. Le desordre reduit l'interaction des spins electroniques avec les phonons et augmente celle entre les spins localises. Mais si le gaz electronique n'est plus suffisamment unidimensionnelle desordre d'irradiation ne peut plus localiser les electrons. Notre etude de conductivite montre que le desordre diminue d'abord le temps de relaxation electronique avant d'induire a partir d'une certaine dose la localisation precedemment decrite. En outre, la conductivite collective peut etre mise en evidence par l'irradiation grâce aux ecarts de comportement par rapport au modele a un electron. TTF-TCNQ et (TMTSF)₂C10₄ sont etudies de ce point de vue.
Zur Aromatenfunktionalisierung in Gegenwart ionischer Flüssigkeiten (2006)

The goal of this dissertation was to identify ionic liquids with a catalytic effect on the test reactions (aromatic Halex reaction and Friedel-Crafts-Acylation). Beside that, ionic liquids have been synthesized in pure form and characterised by NMR, cyclovoltammetrie, UV-vis-spectroscopy and viscosimetry.The substrates for the Halex-reactions were 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile, 4-Chlorobenzonitrile, 2-Chloropyridine and 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzonitrile, the fluorinating agents were KF and CsF. Ionic liquids with cations of the dialkylimidazolium-type proofed to be efficient catalysts for the investigated reactions, while the ionic liquids with pyridinium- and ammonium cations showed rather negative effects for the reaction. The choice of the anion is of importance as well. For each substrate, a different combination of cation and anion showed catalytic effects, what shows that results from one aromatic starting material cannot be transferred to another substrate.For the acylation reaction, it could be shown that ionic liquids with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide-anion can dissolve large amounts of AlCl3. Depending on the ionic liquid used, the amount of lewis-acid and the temperature, twophasic liquid systems could be obtained that showed to be efficient catalysts for the investigated reaction. The ionic liquid could be recovered after the reaction.FeCl3 did not show catalytic effects in similar systems.
Distinguishing Between Isobaric Ions Using Microdroplet Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (2021)

Isobaric ions having the same mass-to-charge ratio cannot be separately identified by mass spectrometry (MS) alone, but this limitation can be overcome using hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) in microdroplets. Because isobaric ions may contain a varied number of exchangeable sites and different types of functional groups, each one produces a unique MS spectral pattern after droplet spray HDX without the need for MS/MS experiments or introduction of ion mobility measurements. As an example of the power of this approach, isobaric ions in urinary metabolic profiles are identified and used to distinguish between healthy individuals and those having bladder cancer.
Particle-Level Engineering of Thermal Conductivity in Matrix-Embedded Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2012)

Known manipulations of semiconductor thermal transport properties rely upon higher-order material organization. Here, using time-resolved optical signatures of phonon transport, we demonstrate a "bottom-up" means of controlling thermal outflow in matrix-embedded semiconductor nanocrystals. Growth of an electronically noninteracting ZnS shell on a CdSe core modifies thermalization times by an amount proportional to the overall particle radius. Using this approach, we obtain changes in effective thermal conductivity of up to 5× for a nearly constant energy gap.
Pipelined Processing of X-ray Microdiffraction Data on Multicores (2011)

We present the design and implementation of a high‐performance system for processing synchrotron X‐ray microdiffraction (XRD) data in IBM InfoSphere Streams on multicore processors. We report the parallel and stream processing techniques that we use to harvest the power of clusters of multicores to analyze hundred of gigabytes of synchrotron XRD data in order to reveal the microtexture of polycrystalline materials. This system provides a high‐performance processing kernel to achieve near real‐time data analysis of image data from synchrotron experiments.
Automated CFD shape optimization of stator blades for the PediaFlow pediatric ventricular assist device (2022)

PediaFlow is a miniature mixed-flow ventricular assist device for neonates and toddlers. PediaFlow has a fully magnetically levitated rotor which improves biocompatibility, but the increased length of the rotor creates a long annular passage where fluid energy is lost. Therefore, a set of helical stator blades was proposed immediately after the impeller stage to remove the swirling flow and recover the dynamic head as static pressure. Automated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) shape optimization of the stator blades was performed to maximize pressure recovery at the operating point of 1.5 LPM and 16,000 RPM. Additionally, the effect on hemolysis and thrombogenicity was assessed using numerical modeling. The optimization algorithm favored fewer blades of greater length over a larger number of short blades. The ratio of wrap angle to axial length emerged as a key constraint to ensure the viability of a design. The best design had 2 blades and generated 73 mmHg of pressure recovery in an isolated stage. When re-introduced to the CFD simulation of the complete flow path, the added stator stage increased the pump head by 46% and improved the pump efficiency from 21.9% to 25.7% at the selected operating point. Automated CFD shape optimization combined with in silico evaluation of hemocompatibility can be an effective tool for exploring design choices and informing early development process.
Characterization of a major modifier locus for polycystic kidney disease (Modpkdr1) in the Han:SPRD(cy/+) rat in a region conserved with a mouse modifier locus for Alport syndrome (2002)

The genetic analysis of rodent disease models provides a powerful tool to investigate how modifier loci cause variation in the phenotypic expression of a disease. In order to test the existence of modifier loci influencing polycystic kidney disease (PKD) phenotypes, we derived a backcross between PKD susceptible Han:SPRD(cy/+) and control Brown Norway (BN) rats, and performed a whole-genome scan in 182 PKD affected hybrids showing different grades of disease severity. The genetic dissection of PKD in the cross allowed us to detect a modifier locus, Modpkdr1, on rat chromosome 8 that controls PKD severity, kidney mass and plasma urea concentration. Results from database searches and computational analyses demonstrated that the Modpkdr1 locus shows strong evidence of synteny conservation with human and mouse chromosomal regions controlling kidney diseases, including disease progression of Alport syndrome. Comparative genome mapping also provided an inventory of potential candidate genes for modifier(s) of PKD. Analyses of the coding regions for four strong candidates (Ctsh, Bcl2a1, Trpc1 and Slc21a2) in (cy/+), BN and Lewis rat strains did not reveal sequence variants that could be associated with PKD. The characterization of Modpkdr1 may provide new insights into modulating mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PKD that could delay disease progression in humans. It may also have strong implications in the identification of pathophysiological factors common to different renal disorders.
20 Tbit/s Capacity Transmission Over 6,860 km (2011)

We transmit 198×100G pre-filtered PDM-RZ-QPSK channels with 400% spectral efficiency over 6,860 km. We also show that 100G coherent nonlinear performance scales differently with distance on uncompensated dispersion maps than expected from direct-detection transmission.
Design, Characterization, and Processing of Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Coatings with Very High Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities (1997)

Hybrid organic−inorganic nanocomposites have been synthesized through hydrolysis and co-condensation between (4-(amino-N,N-(diethoxydiurethano)propyltriethoxysilane)-2-methyl-4‘-nitroazobenzene (ICTES−Red 17) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS). From the resulting sols, coatings a few microns in thickness can be deposited. It has been shown that the aging time of the sol and the thermal treatment of the coatings are both important to improve the second-harmonic-generation (SHG) response and its temporal stability. The hybrid coatings 4.2 μm thick, with a 50/50 ICTES−Red 17-TMOS molar composition, exhibit the highest nonresonant SHG response (d33 = 150 pm/V, λ = 1.34 μm) reported up to now for sol−gel-derived NLO materials. Moreover, they also exhibit a good stability at 80 °C.
Structural Basis for the Recognition of para‐Benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine by Evolved Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetases (2007)

Nonnatural interactions: The X-ray crystal structure of a mutant aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that selectively recognizes para-benozyl-L-phenylalanine has been solved. This structure shows that mutations to the enzyme lead to new hydrophobic binding interactions with the unnatural amino acid, and a loss of specific hydrogen-bonding interactions with tyrosine, without a significant change in the polypeptide backbone conformation.