gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degreasing of Solid Surfaces by Microbubble Cleaning (2007)

It is increasingly required to reduce the environmental impact and cost in the field of industrial cleaning. As a substitute for conventional degreasing technology using organic solvents, acids, and alkalis, the authors have developed a new cleaning technology that uses microbubbles having an average diameter of about 70 µm. Grease being adsorbed onto a bubble's surface and grease being separated from a solid surface by its buoyancy were captured using a high-speed microscopic video camera to demonstrate the degreasing capability of bubbles. High-density microbubbles were generated by adding a trace amount of a specific chemical (0.1% weight or less). The cleaning performance using microbubbles was found to be highly improved compared with that using normal bubbles. It was also revealed that the grease removal efficiency was strongly dependent on the viscosity of the grease. Raising the temperature of the cleaning solution is an effective method of improving cleaning performance by reducing the viscosity. Finally, the degreasing of about 150 machining metal parts at the same time was demonstrated to exceed the common target cleaning level (5–20 µg/cm2) in only 2 min because of their large surface area. Furthermore, the high degreasing performance was maintained even after repeated use of the cleaning solution because of the separation of grease due to buoyancy.
Flexible Transmitter Employing Silicon-Segmented Mach–Zehnder Modulator With 32-nm CMOS Distributed Driver (2016)

We propose a flexible optical transmitter for the short-reach optical interconnects that includes a silicon photonic segmented Mach-Zehnder modulator driven by a distributed six-channel 32-nm silicon on insulator (SOI) complementary metaloxide semiconductor driver integrated circuit. Optical equalization is demonstrated to extend the bandwidth limitation of the transmitter with non-return to zero signaling at 25Gb/ s. We also generate four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signaling using the same transmitter architecture. Transmission of 46 Gb/s PAM-4 signal with bit error rate (BER) well below hard-decision forward error correction limit is experimentally demonstrated. Low driver power consumption of 130 mW at 46Gb/ s PAM-4, corresponding to 2.8 pJ/bit power efficiency, is also achieved.
Methods forin VivoTissue Electroporation Using Surface Electrodes (1993)

Electroporation of tissues has many potential biomedical applications, including transdermal and targeted drug delivery. Although there are established protocols for electroporation of single cells, electroporation of tissues remains largely unexplored. Here we describe methods for in vivo tissue electroporation with surface electrodes, where either (a) molecules are provided at the outer surface of skin and electroporation is caused in order to transport molecules across the skin or (b) molecules are injected into an animal and internal tissue cells are electroporated to enhance up-take of the injected molecules. Factors considered in our experimental design include selection of electrode material and electrode/tissue geometry. Electrode materials were used which could accommodate a high instantaneous current density and were expected not to form harmful electrochemical products. Due to the complex heterogeneous nature of tissues, the choice of electrical pulse parameters was guided by, but not based solely on, results from single-cell systems. Multiple pulses appeared to be useful in causing electroporation of tissues located deeper than the skin's stratum corneum. Secondary problems which resulted from the direct muscle stimulation associated with pulsing were also considered. Developing methods for in vivo tissue electroporation required an interdisciplinary approach, involving both high-voltage electric fields and the basic properties of living tissue.
Regional, developmental, and cell cycle‐dependent differences in μ, δ, and κ‐opioid receptor expression among cultured mouse astrocytes (1998)

The diversity of opioid receptor expression was examined in astrocytes in low-density and non-dividing (confluent) cultures from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum of 1-day-old mice. μ, δ, and κ opioid receptor expression was assessed in individual cells immunocytochemically, by using flow cytometry, and functionally by examining agonist-induced changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). Significant spatial and temporal differences were evident in the pattern of expression of μ, δ, and κ receptors among astrocytes. In low-density cultures, greater proportions of astrocytes expressed μ-opioid receptor immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (26–34%) than in the cerebellum or striatum (7–12%). At confluence, a greater percentage of astrocytes in cerebellar (26%) and striatal (30%) cultures expressed μ-immunoreactivity. Fewer astrocytes possessed δ-immunoreactivity in low-density striatal cultures (8%) compared to other regions (16–22%). The proportion of δ receptor-expressing astrocytes declined in the cerebellum but increased in the hippocampus. κ-opioid receptors were uniformly expressed by 27–34% of astrocytes from all regions, except in cortical cultures, where the proportion of κ expressing cells was 38% at low-density and decreased to 22% at confluence. Selective μ (PLO 17; H-Tyr-Pro-Phe (N-Me) -D-Pro-NH2, δ ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin), or κ (U50,488H; trans-(±)-3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl) cyclohexyl] benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate) opioid receptor agonists increased [Ca2+]i in subpopulations of astrocytes indicating the presence of functional receptors. Lastly, opioid receptor immunofluorescence varied during the cell division cycle. A greater proportion of astrocytes in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle were μ or δ receptor immunofluorescent than at G0/G1. When astrocytes were reversibly arrested in G1, significantly fewer cells expressed δ receptor immunofluorescence; however, upon reentry into the cell cycle immunofluorescent cells reappeared. In conclusion, opioid phenotype varies considerably among individual cultured astrocytes, and this diversity was determined by regional and developmental (age and cell cycle dependent) differences in the brain. These in vitro findings suggest astroglia contribute to regional and developmental idiosyncrasies in opioid function within the brain. GLIA 22:249–259, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ROCK CORE ORIENTATION FOR MAPPING DISCONTINUITIES AND SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS (2013)

Rock fabric data collected from oriented core provides supplemental information for slope stability analyses.Orientation of rock core during drilling programs has become extremely pertinent and important for slope stability and underground mining operations.Orientation is needed to provide essential data to describe the structure and properties of discontinuities encountered during the design process to understand favorable and unfavorable conditions within a rock slope and underground openings.This paper examines and discusses the limitations and benefits of four methods of obtaining borehole discontinuity orientations from drilling programs including clay-imprint, ACT I,II,III Reflex, EZY-MARK, and OBI/ABI Televiewer systems.Results, recommendations and conclusions are provided in this paper.
Mass Spectral Study of Etoposide (1996)

The antitumour agent etoposide has been studied under electron impact, chemical ionization and liquid secondary ion mass spectral conditions. The major fragment ions are found to be due to the cleavage of C4–O, C4O–glycoside and C1–C′1 bonds. These fragmentation pathways are established by collision-induced dissociation and accurate mass measurement. Mass spectral studies of 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin, epipodophyllotoxin and their respective p-fluoroanilidine derivatives were also carried out.
Metallcarbonyl‐Synthesen, XII. Tetracarbonyl(η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium (1982)

Metalcarbonyl Syntheses, XII. Tetracarbonyl(η 5 ‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium The hitherto unknown halfsandwich complex tetracarbonyl(η 5 ‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)vanadium ( 3 ) is easily accessible in 45% yield upon reaction of hexacarbonylvanadium ( 1 ) with pentamethylcyclopentadiene ( 2 ). Photolysis of 3 as well as reduction and subsequent protonation yield the dinuclear derivative 4 of composition (η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 ) 2 V 2 (CO) 5 .
Direct Adaptive Disturbance Observer Design for Rejecting the Narrow-Band Disturbance With Unknown Frequency in Hard Disk Drives (2009)

This paper presents an adaptive add-on compensator to handle a single narrow-band disturbance with unknown frequency in hard disk drives (HDDs). A disturbance observer (DOB) loop with a narrow band pass Q filter is built around the baseline servo controller to reject the narrow-band disturbance. The frequency parameter of the Q filter is directly adapted to the optimal value in the sense of minimizing the track following track mis-registration (TMR). The performance of the proposed compensator is demonstrated by simulation on an open-source realistic hard disk drive system.
MPEG4 compressed video over the Internet (2003)

This paper focuses on transport issues of MPEG-4 video over the Internet. Specifically, we present a packetization algorithm for MPEG-4 bit streams at the sync layer and an end-to-end feedback control mechanism. Our packetization algorithm achieves both efficiency and robustness by exploiting the unique video object plane (VOP) feature in MPEG-4 while our feedback control algorithm is capable of estimating available network bandwidth based on the packet loss information at the receiver. Simulation results demonstrate that once our algorithms are employed by an adaptive MPEG-4 encoder, MPEG-4 video is able to achieve good perceptual picture quality at the receiver under low bit rate and varying network conditions and efficiently utilize network resources.
Extending the High Load Operating Limit of a Naturally-Aspirated Gasoline HCCI Combustion Engine (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion offers efficiency improvements compared to conventional gasoline engines. However, due to the nature of HCCI, traditional HCCI combustion can be realized only in a limited operating range. The HCCI operation at high load is limited by excessive combustion noise.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In order to maximize the fuel economy benefits of HCCI its operating range needs to be extended to higher loads. In particular, one immediate benefit of an increased load range on the NEDC driving cycle is the avoidance of transitions between SI operation and HCCI operation.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this research a detailed investigation of the fundamental reasons for high combustion noise was performed. Spark-assisted HCCI combustion was found to be a key factor to reduce combustion noise at high load condition. Injection timing for charge cooling, spark timing for the onset of combustion through flame propagation, smaller NVO and higher EGR are the enablers to achieve the appropriate spark-assisted HCCI combustion at high load operation. The high load limit was successfully extended while maintaining good efficiency and complying with emissions regulations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effect of double injection strategy was also investigated. It is found that even though slight improvement in the trade-off between combustion noise and combustion stability can be achieved through double injection strategy, fuel consumption is deteriorated due to incomplete combustion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CELR: Cloud Enhanced Local Reconstruction from low-dose sparse Scanning Electron Microscopy images (2022)

Current Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) acquisition techniques are far too slow to capture large volumes in a feasible time. One solution is to use low-dose and sparse imaging. By computationally denoising and inpainting an image with acceptable quality can be approximated. This approach, however, requires significant compute resources. Therefore, this paper proposes CELR, a framework, that hides the computationally expensive workload of reconstructing low-dose sparse SEM images, such that (delayed) live reconstruction is possible. Live reconstruction is possible by using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that approximate a classical reconstruction algorithm like GOAL. The reconstruction by CNNs is done locally, while recurring training of CNNs is done in the cloud. Moreover, training labels are generated by GOAL in the cloud. Next to the framework, this paper evaluates and optimizes the CNN reconstruction throughput by employing Nvidia's TensorRT. This paper also touches upon open research questions about on-the-fly CNN training. The combination of CELR and TensorRT enables large volume acquisitions with a dwell-time of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{1}\mu s$</tex> and 10% pixel coverage to be reconstructed on a single GPU.
A modern memory management system for OpenMP (2016)

Modern computers with multi-/many-core processors and accelerators feature a sophisticated and deep memory hierarchy, potentially including distinct main memory, high-bandwidth memory, texture memory and scratchpad memory. The performance characteristics of these memories are varied, and studies have demonstrated the importance of using them effectively.In this paper, we propose an extension of the OpenMP API to address the needs of programmers to efficiently optimize their applications to use new memory technologies in a platform-agnostic and portable fashion. Our proposal separately exposes the characteristics of memory resources (such as kind) and the characteristics of allocations (such as alignment), and is fully compatible with existing OpenMP constructs.
Unifying Color Constancy (2001)

Estimating the color of the illuminant under which an image of a scene was captured is a central part of solving the color constancy problem: that is, of deriving an illuminant independent representation of the reflectance's in a scene. In this article we develop a general correlation framework for solving the illuminant estimation problem. Within this framework estimation is posed as a correlation of the colors in an image with the colors that can occur under each of a set of possible lights. Rather than attempting to recover a single estimate of the illuminant as many previous authors have done, we, in the first instance, recover a correlation measure for each possible illuminant. We then select an estimate of the scene illuminant based on these correlations. The work presented here follows from previously published work.1 In this article we extend that work by showing that the correlation framework is rich enough to allow many existing algorithms to be expressed within it. In particular the grey-world, max-RGB, gamut mapping, and Maloney&#x2013;Wandell algorithms, perhaps the algorithms most widely cited in the literature, are presented in this correlation framework. This work together with work published elsewhere2 shows that almost all published algorithms based on a Mondriaan world can be formulated in the framework presented here.
Correction. Graphical Method for Obtaining Retention Time and Number of Theoretical Plates from Tailed Chromatographic Peaks (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection. Graphical Method for Obtaining Retention Time and Number of Theoretical Plates from Tailed Chromatographic PeaksWilliam E. Barber and Peter W. CarrCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 2, 351Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online14 January 2004Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00239a604https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00239a604research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Integrin α5β1 Affinity during Myogenic Differentiation (1995)

The antigen recognized by U1 alpha, a monoclonal antibody to the alpha chain of a chicken integrin fibronectin receptor, was identified as alpha 5. It identifies the same polypeptide as antisera raised to a sequence from the alpha 5 cytoplasmic domain. The U1 alpha antibody has the unusual functional property for alpha chain antibodies of enhancing the binding of alpha 5 beta 1 for its ligand fibronectin. U1 alpha was used to examine the function of alpha 5 beta 1 during myogenic differentiation. As myogenic cells differentiated from replicating myoblasts to bipolar myocytes there was a decrease in their adhesion to the substrate caused by inactivation of alpha 5 beta 1, which could be reversed by treatment of the cells with U1 alpha. The U1 alpha induced increased adhesion to fibronectin but did not inhibit the differentiation process as measured by formation of myotubes. However, U1 alpha did interfere with both cell migration and morphogenesis of myotubes. The resulting myotubes were smaller, more branched, and showed less regular alignment of nuclei. The results suggest that the ability of the cell to regulate alpha 5 beta 1 affinity is critical to myogenic morphogenesis.
Strategic priorities for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development (2013)

Although RSV has been a high priority for vaccine development, efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine have yet to lead to a licensed product. Clinical and epidemiologic features of RSV disease suggest there are at least 4 distinct target populations for vaccines, the RSV naïve young infant, the RSV naïve child ≥ 6 months of age, pregnant women (to provide passive protection to newborns), and the elderly. These target populations raise different safety and efficacy concerns and may require different vaccination strategies. The highest priority target population is the RSV naïve child. The occurrence of serious adverse events associated with the first vaccine candidate for young children, formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV), has focused vaccine development for the young RSV naïve child on live virus vaccines. Enhanced disease is not a concern for persons previously primed by a live virus infection. A variety of live-attenuated viruses have been developed with none yet achieving licensure. New live-attenuated RSV vaccines are being developed and evaluated that maybe sufficiently safe and efficacious to move to licensure. A variety of subunit vaccines are being developed and evaluated primarily for adults in whom enhanced disease is not a concern. An attenuated parainfluenza virus 3 vector expressing the RSV F protein was evaluated in RSV naïve children. Most of these candidate vaccines have used the RSV F protein in various vaccine platforms including virus-like particles, nanoparticles, formulated with adjuvants, and expressed by DNA or virus vectors. The other surface glycoprotein, the G protein, has also been used in candidate vaccines. We now have tools to make and evaluate a wide range of promising vaccines. Costly clinical trials in the target population are needed to evaluate and select candidate vaccines for advancement to efficacy trials. Better data on RSV-associated mortality in developing countries, better estimates of the risk of long term sequelae such as wheezing after infection, better measures of protection in target populations, and data on the costs and benefits of vaccines for target populations are needed to support and justify funding this process. Addressing these challenges and needs should improve the efficiency and speed of achieving a safe and effective, licensed RSV vaccine.
Enhanced oxygen reduction reaction with nano-scale pyrochlore bismuth ruthenate via cost-effective wet-chemical synthesis (2013)

Pyrochlore ruthenate oxides are promising electrocatalytic materials for lower temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) cathodes due to their high catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) which is the major rate-limiting step at reduced temperatures (below 750 °C). Here we report for the first time highly pure pyrochlore bismuth ruthenate (Bi2Ru2O7, BRO7) synthesized via a practical and cost-effective glycine–nitrate (GNC) combustion method. The synthesis parameters including glycine to nitrate ratio and calcination conditions were systematically optimized, resulting in nanoparticles with crystallite size of ∼30 nm and significant reduction in synthesis steps. Incorporating the synthesized BRO7 nanoparticles with highly conductive bismuth oxide as an SOFC cathode results in significant enhancement of ORR, showing 9 times lower SOFC cathode area specific resistance, compared to that of BRO7 via conventional solid-state reaction. Thus, this result demonstrates the feasibility of BRO7 nanoparticles via GNC to enhance the ORR for lower temperature SOFC applications.
A Lamellar MWW Zeolite With Silicon and Niobium Oxide Pillars: A Catalyst for the Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds (2020)

In this work, an MWW-type zeolite with pillars containing silicon and niobium oxide was synthesized to obtain a hierarchical zeolite. The effect of niobium insertion in the pillaring process was determined by combining a controllable acidity and accessibility in the final material. All pillared materials had niobium occupying framework positions in pillars and extra-framework positions. The pillared material, Pil-Nb-4.5 with 4.5 wt % niobium, did not compromise the mesoporosity formed by pillaring, while the increase of niobium in the structure gradually decreased the mesoporosity and ordering of lamellar stacking. The morphology of the pillared zeolites and the niobium content were found to directly affect the catalytic activity. Specifically, we report on the activity of the MWW-type zeolites with niobium catalyzing the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is an important reaction for clean environmental. All produced MWW-type zeolites with niobium were catalytically active, even at low temperatures and low niobium loading, and provided excellent conversion efficiencies.
Influenza C virus RNA 7 codes for a nonstructural protein (1985)

The complete nucleotide sequence of RNA segment 7 of influenza C/California/78 virus was determined by using cloned cDNA derived from viral RNA. The gene is 934 nucleotides long and possesses a long open reading frame which can code for a protein of 286 amino acids. Hybrid arrest translation experiments with the cloned cDNA fragment and poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from virus-infected cells showed that a 28,500-molecular-weight protein is coded for by RNA 7. Comparison of the proteins induced in the cell-free system and in virus-infected cells with those found in purified virus suggests that the 28,500-molecular-weight protein is a nonstructural protein.
New Efficient Multicomponent Reactions with C−C Coupling for Combinatorial Application in Liquid and on Solid Phase (1999)

Up to nine C-C bonds are formed selectively from up to seven components starting from an alkene, a haloarene, and a dienophile [Eq. (1)]. A comparison of liquid- and solid-phase reactions reveals a surprising superiority of the solid-phase reaction.