gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Inhibition of Telomerase Activity Enhances Hyperthermia-Mediated Radiosensitization (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Hyperthermia is a potent sensitizer of cell killing by ionizing radiation (IR); however, hyperthermia also induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) synthesis and HSP70 expression is associated with radioresistance. Because HSP70 interacts with the telomerase complex and expression of the telomerase catalytic unit (hTERT) extends the life span of the human cells, we determined if heat shock influences telomerase activity and whether telomerase inhibition enhances heat-mediated IR-induced cell killing. In the present study, we show that moderate hyperthermia (43°C) enhances telomerase activity. Inhibition of telomerase activity with human telomerase RNA–targeted antisense agents, and in particular GRN163L, results in enhanced hyperthermia-mediated IR-induced cell killing, and ectopic expression of catalytic unit of telomerase (TERT) decreased hyperthermia-mediated IR-induced cell killing. The increased cell killing by heat and IR exposure in telomerase-inhibited cells correlates with delayed appearance and disappearance of γ-H2AX foci as well as decreased chromosome repair. These results suggest that inactivation of telomerase before combined hyperthermia and radiotherapy could improve tumor killing. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3370–9]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Interaction of mouse macrophage elastase with native and oxidized human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. (1987)

Native and oxidized alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were compared as substrates for the metalloproteinase macrophage elastase. At substrate concentrations at which native alpha 1-PI was readily degraded by macrophage elastase, oxidized alpha 1-PI was hardly degraded at all. Incubation of macrophage elastase with oxidized alpha 1-PI before the addition of native alpha 1-PI showed that oxidized alpha 1-PI was not an inhibitor of macrophage elastase. Competition experiments with up to twofold excess oxidized alpha 1-PI did not interfere with the degradation of native alpha 1-PI by macrophage elastase. Sequence analysis of amino acids in degraded native alpha 1-PI showed that macrophage elastase attacked a single peptide bond between Pro-357 and Met-358, the latter representing the P1 reactive-site residue of alpha 1-PI. In oxidized alpha 1-PI, Met-358 was converted to methionine sulfoxide and macrophage elastase hydrolyzed the bond between Phe-352 and Leu-353. These data suggest that methionine may be the primary cleavage site for macrophage elastase and not leucine, as previously thought.
Towards a global evaluation of uncertainty for the monitoring of distribution grids (2017)

In electrical distribution networks many automation applications, such as voltage and power control, require to access the status of the system. Such information can be obtained by aggregating the heterogeneous measurements available in the grid and then applying state estimation algorithms. Different factors may have an impact on the estimation errors when the grid status evolves dynamically. The scope of this paper is to point out the different contributions affecting the global uncertainty of state estimation results when fast dynamics are present in the grid, for example due to fast variations of renewable energy sources generation or customers power consumption. The so-called ”4 quadrants' method” is proposed to quantify and decompose such uncertainty components. The results of the 4 quadrants method may be useful in the process of design of the monitoring infrastructure.
Secondary ion mass spectrometry study of silicon surface preparation and the polystyrene/silicon interface (1997)

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is now routinely employed to obtain depth profiles in polymer films on silicon substrates, where diffusion, segregation, and ordering of deuterated polymer blend components are typically examined with a depth resolution of less than 100 Å. In some cases, diffusion or segregation behavior near the silicon surface is influenced by the extent of surface oxidation. There is also the potential for remnant moisture at the polymer/silicon interface to influence the redistribution of blend components. The effect of standard wet chemical wafer cleaning procedures on the polystyrene/silicon interface is investigated here. Deuterated solutions are employed to allow detection of remnant moisture from the cleaning/etching steps, and to indicate the extent of hydrogen termination at the polystyrene/silicon interface. Implant standards and deuterated polystyrene blends are employed to quantify the detected interfacial contaminants. The SIMS data indicate that the surface is effectively terminated by approximately one monolayer of hydrogen after an HF etch step, and by a thin oxide layer after an HCl/peroxide etch, in accord with numerous studies. There is no evidence of remnant moisture. Interfacial deuterium and oxygen are stable under 190 °C anneals. The absence of CD− secondary ions at the interface indicates that the interfacial deuterium does not become associated with adjacent polystyrene chains. Low levels of fluorine are also monitored, and the integrated fluorine concentration at the polystyrene/silicon interface is less than 0.01 monolayers of coverage.
Combining video and sequential statistical relational techniques to monitor card games (2010)

Games are a multi-billion dollar industry and a driving force behind technology. The key to make computer games more interesting is to create intelligent artificial game agents. A first step is teaching them the protocols to play a game. To the best of our knowledge, most systems which train AI agents are used in virtual environments. In this work we train a computer system in a real-world environment by video streams. First, we demonstrate a way to bridge the gap between low-level video data and high-level symbolic data. Second, using the high-level, yet noisy data, we show that state-of-the-art statistical relational learning systems are able to capture underlying concepts in video streams. We evaluate the selected methods on the task of detecting fraudulent behavior in card games.
Modulation of gonadotropin secretion by Sertoli cell inhibin, LHRH, and sex steroids (1984)

Sertoli cell culture media (SCM) from 10-, 20-, 30-, 35-, and 40-day-old male Wistar rats were assayed to determine the inhibin activity in anterior pituitary cells in culture. In agreement with previous data, SCM did not affect the luteinizing hormone (LH) spontaneous release at all ages studied, whereas it inhibited specifically follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) spontaneous release by 40% for the 40-day-old rats. Younger animals (10-, 20-, and 30-day-old) showed a 60% inhibition of the FSH basal release. The inhibin activity was also different at all stages studied, the IC50 being markedly displaced to the right as the age increased, leading to a fivefold difference between 10- and 30- to 40-day-old rats. The same pattern was observed when the LH and FSH responses to 0.3 nM LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) were studied. SCM from 35-day-old rats did not alter total LH, whereas total FSH was markedly reduced, thus suggesting a reduced FSH synthesis in the presence of inhibin. SCM exerts an additive inhibitory effect with dihydrotestosterone on the LH response to LHRH, whereas it reverses the stimulatory effect of the androgen on spontaneous and LHRH-induced FSH release. Moreover, SCM reversed the stimulatory effect of 17 beta-estradiol on both spontaneous and LHRH-induced LH and FSH release, whereas the stimulatory effect of progesterone on FSH release was 50-80% inhibited. The present data show that inhibin activity of Sertoli cell origin can exert marked interactions with sex steroids in the control of gonadotropin secretion. These data also demonstrate that the inhibin component is an important factor in sexual maturation of the rat and that high FSH levels of 10-day-old rats could suggest a modulation by a nonandrogenic factor of gonadotropin secretion in developing rats.
Effect of reaction conditions on film morphology of polyaniline composite membranes for gas separation (2012)

Abstract Composite membranes combining polyaniline as an active layer with a polypropylene support have been prepared using an in situ deposition technique. The protonated polyaniline layer with a thickness in the range of 90–200 nm was prepared using precipitation, dispersion, or emulsion polymerization of aniline with simultaneous deposition on top of the porous polypropylene support, which was immersed in the reaction mixture. Variables such as temperature, concentration of reagents, presence of steric stabilizers, surfactants, and heteropolyacid were found to control both the formation and the quality of the polyaniline layers. Both morphology and thickness of the layers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Selective separation of carbon dioxide from its mixture with methane is used to illustrate potential application of these composite membranes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Implicit Gibbs prior models for tomographic reconstruction (2012)

Bayesian model-based inversion has been applied to many applications, such as tomographic reconstructions. However, one limitation of these methods is that prior models are quite simple; so they are not capable of being trained to statistically represent subtle detail in images. In this paper, we demonstrate how novel prior modeling methods based on implicit Gibbs distributions can be used in MAP tomographic reconstruction to improve reconstructed image quality. The concept of the implicit Gibbs distribution is to model the image using the conditional distribution of each pixel given its neighbors and to construct a local approximation of the true Gibbs energy from the conditional distribution. Since the conditional distribution can be trained on a specific dataset, it is possible to obtain more precise and expressive models of images which capture unique structures. In practice, this results in a spatially adaptive MRF model, but it also provides a framework that assures convergence. We present results comparing the proposed method with both state-of-the-art MRF prior models and K-SVD dictionary-based methods for tomographic reconstruction of images. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can achieve higher resolution recovery.
Recycling Size Exclusion Chromatography for the Analysis and Separation of Nanocrystalline Gold (2004)

Recycling size exclusion chromatography (RSEC) provides a high-resolution technique for the analysis and separation of materials based on size. We show here the application of this method to gold nanocrystals stabilized by thiols. Alternate recycling is more effective at separating nanomaterials as compared to closed-loop recycling because of its improved efficiency and high resolution. With the use of this technique, we find the resolution ratio of nanocrystal separation increases with the square root of the cycle number, in good agreement with theory. The increased resolution of the size exclusion chromatograms permits the use of RSEC in the baseline separation of nanocrystals which differ by only 6 A in size. In addition to separations, RSEC is valuable as an analytical tool. For example, after recycling processes an initially broad and chromatographic feature from a gold nanocrystal solution resolves into three distinct peaks. Transmission electron microscopy of collected fractions reveals that these peaks correspond to distinct populations of gold nanoparticles with narrowly defined sizes.
A K(+)-competitive fluorescent inhibitor of the H,K-ATPase (1991)

The interactions of a novel fluorescent compound, 1-(2-methylphenyl)-4-methylamino-6-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c ]quinoline (MDPQ) with the gastric H,K-ATPase were determined. MDPQ was shown to inhibit the H,K-ATPase and its associated K(+)-phosphatase competitively with K+, with Ki values of 0.22 and 0.65 microM, respectively. It also inhibited H+ transport with an IC50 of 0.29 microM, but at a concentration of 3.5 microM, reduced the steady-state level of phosphoenzyme by only 28%. The fluorescence of the inhibitor increased upon binding to the enzyme. 70% of this increment was quenched by K+, independently of Mg2+. The binding of MgATP to a high affinity site (K0.5(ATP) less than 1 microM) markedly increased the fluorescence due to the formation of an inhibitor-phosphoenzyme complex saturating with a K0.5(MDPQ) of 0.94 microM. The K(+)-dependent fluorescent quench (K0.5(K+) = 1.8 mM) required the ionophore, nigericin, indicating that K+ and MDPQ were competing at an extracytosolic site on the enzyme. Formation also of an enzyme-vanadyl-inhibitor complex was shown by the fact that Mg2+ plus vanadate enhanced MDPQ fluorescence in the absence of MgATP and decreased fluorescence in the presence of MgATP. The minimal stoichiometry of bound MDPQ determined by fluorescence titrations in the presence of MgATP was 1.4 mol/mol phosphoenzyme. The data suggest that this compound can serve as a probe of conformation at an extracytosolic site of the H,K-ATPase.
Real-time observation of leukocyte–endothelium interactions in tissue-engineered blood vessel (2018)

Human cell-based 3D tissue constructs play an increasing role in disease modeling and drug screening. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and many autoimmune disorders involve the interactions between immune cells and blood vessels. However, it has been difficult to image and model these interactions under realistic conditions. In this study, we fabricated a perfusion and imaging chamber to allow the real-time visualization of leukocyte perfusion, adhesion, and migration inside a tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV). We monitored the elevated monocyte adhesion to the TEBV wall and transendothelial migration (TEM) as the TEBV endothelium was activated by the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. We demonstrated that treatment with anti-TNF-α or an NF-kB signaling pathway inhibitor would attenuate the endothelium activation and reduce the number of leukocyte adhesion (>74%) and TEM events (>87%) close to the control. As the first demonstration of real-time imaging of dynamic cellular events within a TEBV, this work paves the way for drug screening and disease modeling in TEBV-associated microphysiological systems.
Ultrafast thermal refractive nonlinearities in bistable interference filters (1990)

A novel, angularly resolved excite-probe technique is used to discriminate ultrafast refractive and absorptive nonlinearities in interference filters and to determine the sign of the nonlinearity. The results explain observations of nanosecond switch-on and switch-off of optical bistability in ZnSe-based filters.
EVOLUTIONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE UMBILICAL CORD IN THE PERINATAL LIFE TIME IN CALVES (2009)

Summary The immediate functional closure of the fetal circulation that is followed by anatomical obliteration of the umbilical structures take place during the first few hours or days of the new borne life and become conjunctively consolidated in the subsequent life time. Little appears to be known in animals regarding the quick functional response to birth changes and the transformative morphology of the umbilical residual structures. The present paper underlines the changes which occur in this anatomical area at the parturition, after the shutting down of the placental circulation in calf. The observation focuses on the morphological ground of the dynamic changes which involve the communication channels like the umbilical ring crossed by extra;abdominal vessels surrounded by the Wharton’s jelly. Birth changes in the fetal circulation make necessary the quickly closure of some pre;existent anatomical communication channels by certain coordinated mechanisms which permit the beginning of an autonomic life. Being a natural defect in the midline of the ventral aponeurosis and the ventral abdominal wall during the fetal life, the umbilical orifice allows the passage of the umbilical cord structures. The nowadays well known pattern of the closure and retraction of the canaliculated structures ; like urachus and the blood vessels is based on the contraction of their muscular walls but can not explain the speed and promptitude of the stint expressed in the whole umbilical cord structure and the ventral abdominal wall closure. However, in veterinary investigated literature there are neither reports focusing on the changes regarding the remnant anatomical structures belonging to the umbilical cord nor the pattern of its involution in neonate calves.
Electro- and Photo-Driven Orthogonal Switching of a Helical Superstructure Enabled by an Axially Chiral Molecular Switch (2020)

Self-organized functional soft materials, enabled by specific chemical architectures, are currently attracting tremendous attention because of their stimuli-responsive attributes and applications in advanced technological devices. A novel axially chiral molecular switch containing two azo linkages and six terminal alkyl chains on two elongated rod-shaped wings, that exhibits superior solubility, high helical twisting power, and reversible photoisomerization in an achiral liquid crystal host, is synthesized and utilized in the development of a photoresponsive, self-organized helical superstructure, that is, cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). The planar CLC adopts a standing helix (SH) configuration because of surface alignment layers on the substrates. This SH can be transitioned to a lying helix configuration, enabling tunable diffraction gratings under the application of electric field. Adjustment of the initial pitch of the planar CLC by photoirradiation yields the diffraction gratings with stripes either parallel or perpendicular to the rubbing direction upon the application of an appropriate electric field. Tunable beam steering along orthogonal directions has been demonstrated. Such tunable stimuli-responsive soft materials fabricated with artificial chiral switches show great potential in optics, photonics, and beyond.
Sector Mass Spectrometer (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Crude Oil Tanker Routing and Scheduling (2011)

This paper illustrates how operations research can be applied to large-scale maritime crude oil transportation. The more the industry strives to improve the efficiency of their supply chains the more complex and involved planning tasks become. Crude oil tanker routing and scheduling is a good example for a highly complex planning problem in the petroleum and shipping industry. It is also a prevalent problem for which research can provide solutions that exploit the existing potential for improvement. We describe the maritime transportation part of the crude oil supply chain which we denote as the crude oil tanker routing and scheduling problem (COTRASP). Throughout this article, mathematical notation is used as a method to illustrate the various aspects of the problem. Cited literature shows the efforts made to guarantee efficient transportation and realize cost savings in related problems. Finally, solution approaches are discussed and suggestions for further research are made.
Analysis of Au metal–metal contacts in a lateral actuated RF MEMS switch (2014)

This paper reports on the ohmic contacts of an radio-frequency micro-electro-mechanical-system (RF MEMS) switch. The structure of the MEMS is described briefly to give information about the organization of the switch device. The most significant performance data are reported, indicating very low actuation voltage below 5 V, switching time of &lt;10 µs and good RF performance for frequencies up to 5 GHz. Since the contact performance is a key for excellent RF performance in the actuated state and for high reliability as well the article is focused on the contacts. It is supposed that asperities are building the current path in a closed contact, which is proved by measurements of the closing process with high time resolution. The measurements exhibit very good power-handling capabilities of the contacts. The reported findings render prior theoretical experiments with a physical device.
Use of multimedia structured reporting for tumour response assessment. (2013)

Poster: ECR 2013 / B-0807 / Use of multimedia structured reporting for tumour response assessment. by: D. J. Vining 1, A. Pitici2, I. Aghenitei2, C. Popovici2, M. Jurca2, R. Rosu2, A. Tsimberidou1; 1Houston, TX/US, 2Chapel Hill, NC/US
Numerical Investigation of Shape Effect on Microdroplet Evaporation (2018)

As electronic devices continue to shrink in size and increase in functionality, effective thermal management has become a critical bottleneck that hinders continued advancement. Two-phase cooling technologies are of growing interest for electronics cooling due to their high heat removal capacity and small thermal resistance (&lt; 0.3 K-cm2/W) [1]. One typical example of a two-phase cooling method is droplet evaporation, which can provide a high heat transfer coefficient with low superheat. While droplet evaporation has been studied extensively and used in many practical cooling applications (e.g., spray cooling), the relevant work has been confined to spherical droplets with axisymmetric geometries. A rationally designed evaporation platform that yields asymmetric meniscus droplets can potentially achieve larger meniscus curvatures, which give rise to higher vapor concentration gradients along the contact line region and therefore yield higher evaporation rates. In this study, we develop a numerical model to investigate the evaporation behavior of asymmetrical microdroplets suspended on a porous micropillar structure. The equilibrium profiles and mass transport characteristics of droplets with circular, triangular, and square contact shapes are explored using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The evaporative mass transport at the liquid-vapor interface is modeled using a simplified Schrage model [2]. The results show highly non-uniform mass transport characteristics for asymmetrical microdroplets, where a higher local evaporation rate is observed near the locations where the meniscus has high curvature. This phenomenon is attributed to a higher local vapor concentration gradient that drives faster vapor diffusion at more curved regions, similar to a lightning rod exhibiting a strong electric field along a highly curved surface. By using contact line confinement to artificially tune the droplet into a more curved geometry, we find the total evaporation rate from a triangular-based droplet is enhanced by 13% compared to a spherical droplet with the same perimeter and liquid-vapor interfacial area. Such a finding can guide the design and optimization of geometric features to improve evaporation in high performance electronics cooling systems.