gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomic structure of the human gene for protein kinase A regulatory subunit R1‐beta (PRKAR1B) on 7p22: no evidence for mutations in familial hyperaldosteronism type II in a large affected kindred (2004)

Summary objective Familial hyperaldosteronism type II (FH‐II) is characterized by inheritance of primary aldosteronism (PAL) but, unlike FH‐I, is not glucocorticoid remediable and not associated with the hybrid CYP11B1/CYP11B2 gene mutation. Analysis of two pedigrees previously demonstrated linkage of FH‐II with a locus at chromosome 7p22. We sought to determine whether mutations in the exons or intron/exon boundaries in PRKAR1B (encoding protein kinase A regulatory subunit R1‐beta), which resides within the linked locus, are associated with FH‐II. methods Primers enabling sequencing of all exons and intron/exon boundaries were designed by BLAT search using known mRNA sequence, and comparison with an orthologous mouse gene. Sequences from four affected and two unaffected subjects from an Australian family with FH‐II demonstrating linkage at 7p22 were compared with published sequences. results A probable two‐nucleotide GenBank sequence error, resulting in an amino acid change, was detected. Two of seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified were in exons and five in introns. Neither exon‐localized SNP resulted in an amino acid change. All intron‐localized SNPs were at least 16 nucleotides from the closest intron/exon boundary and therefore unlikely to interfere with gene splicing. Importantly, none of the identified SNPs was exclusively associated with affectation status. conclusions Mutations in the exons or intron/exon boundaries of PRKAR1B do not appear to be responsible for FH‐II in this family, but a mutation in the promoter or remaining intronic or 5′ or 3′ untranslated regions could be. Alternatively, a mutation within another gene residing at the 7p22 locus may be responsible.
Closed-loop feedback cancellation utilizing two microphones and transform domain processing (2014)

In this paper we are studying the use of two microphones for acoustic feedback cancellation in hearing aids. With the two microphones approach, an additional microphone is employed to provide added information about the signals which is then utilized to obtain an incoming signal estimate. This estimate is removed from the error signal prior to adapting the canceler, thus removing the undesired signal correlation. In this paper, we propose to use orthogonal transforms with the two microphones approach. The discrete Fourier transform and the discrete cosine transform are implemented to transform the adaptive filter signals. Also, a bank of adaptive filters is employed, each adapting to different portions of the spectrum for a finer control of the adaptation process. Simulation results based on real measured feedback paths and speech signals show improved convergence rates and stable solutions.
Optimization of fuzzy membership function parameters (2002)

In the design of a generic fuzzy logic controller, the parameters associated with fuzzy membership functions are defined in an ad hoc or arbitrary manner. This paper presents a scheme to obtain these parameters automatically via the optimization of a performance measure. Numerical optimization techniques are used to obtain the optimal values of fuzzy membership function parameters such that the performance measure is minimized. An example of the design procedure is provided by applying the developed scheme to the problem of autonomous vehicle following.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Water‐Soluble Derivative of Cyclohexatriacontane‐ 1,2,13,14,25,26‐hexone. (1987)

Abstract The cycloalkynes (I) are trimerized to give the benzene derivatives (II) which yield mixtures of cyclic diketones (III) and cyclic hexaketones (IV) as a result of ozonolysis.
Leap Second support in computers (2010)

The seconds-in-epoch method of representing current time in computers presents problems when required to (a) represent UTC, (b) be monotonic and (c) have sub-second accuracy, as these are contradictory requirements in the presence of Leap Seconds. We analyze various proposed solutions to this conundrum, for both operating systems and NTP. (What good is microsecond-level clock synchronization if the clock can be off by a full second?) We then propose a general solution: TAI-based system time, with conversion to UTC by comparing to a TAI-based threshold and then subtracting the appropriate Leap Second Offset.
Architecture tradeoffs in high-density microstimulators for retinal prosthesis (2005)

Electrical stimulation of the retinal layer inside the eye has been identified as a form of visual prosthesis to restore lost vision in blind patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, through several studies and experiments. While initial clinical experiments using retinal prosthesis have resulted in visual perception in humans, psychophysical tests and simulations suggest that a high-density retinal prosthesis is required to restore vision to a level of reading and mobility. In the implanted prosthetic device, the microstimulator is functionally the closest to the tissue, delivering the electrical stimulation. Choosing the suitable architecture of the microstimulator requires the knowledge of the available choices and the tradeoffs associated with each of them. This paper presents the different architectures of microstimulator for high-density retinal prosthesis considering both the biomedical and circuit perspectives. The choices for the key aspects of the microstimulator-location of the chip in the eye, electrode configuration, method of stimulation, demultiplexing, stimulation sequence, and communication protocol-are discussed along with the associated tradeoffs for each of them. One of the architectures is used in a prototype microstimulator for an implantable epi-retinal prosthetic device to be used in clinical trials. The chip consists of 60 independently programmable output drivers for delivering electrical stimulus and digital controller for managing run-time and configuration data. The circuit details of the chip fabricated in 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and its measurement results are presented.
An architecture for residential Internet telephony service (1999)

Network gateways are used to set up calls between the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the Internet, but existing gateways support a relatively small number of lines. To meet the scalability and availability requirements of mass-market deployment of carrier-grade telephony services, the authors propose an architecture based on the decomposition of Internet gateway functionality. The media transformation function of today's H.323 gateways is separated from the gateway control function, and intelligence is centralized in a call agent. The Media Gateway Control Protocol is introduced; MGCP is an Internet draft currently under discussion by the IETF for standardizing the interface between a call agent and the media transformation gateway.
Nanometer-Scale Corrosion of Copper in De-Aerated Deionized Water (2013)

Copper is commonly regarded to be immune to corrosion in deaerated deionized electrolytes. The present work shows that, in the absence of hydrogen, copper will corrode on the order of 1 nm/day in deionized water with an O2 concentration on the order of, or less than, 1 ppb. While a corrosion rate of this magnitude can normally be neglected, it may be catastrophic for nanoscale copper structures utilized in emerging applications to enhance energy transport at the solid-electrolyte interface, such as in cooling advance electronics. This conclusion is supported by a set of experimental and analytical studies that encompass impedance spectroscopy, slow-scan linear sweep voltammetry, thermodynamic calculations for the environment under study, and kinetic simulations. The studies provide a comprehensive insight on details of the corrosion mechanism for copper in deaerated water.
Matrix isolation, time-resolved IR, and computational study of the photochemistry of benzoyl azideDedicated to Professor Dr Z. R. Grabowski and Professor Dr J. Wirz on the occasions of their 75th and 60th birthdays.Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Cartesian coordinates and details of the CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations, details of the excited-state calculations on formylnitrene, the full IR spectra, additional results from the TRIR experiments and two tables with results from CASPT2 calculations with different level shifts. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cp/b2/b209775c/ (2002)

It was shown recently on the basis of DFT calculations (N. P. Gritsan and E. A. Pritchina, Mendeleev Commun., 2001, 11, 94) that the singlet states of aroylnitrenes undergo tremendous stabilization due to an extra N–O bonding interaction. To test experimentally the multiplicity and the structure of the lowest state of benzoylnitrenes we performed a study of their photochemistry in Ar matrices at 12 K. Formation of two species was observed on irradiation of benzoyl azide (1b) and its 4-acetyl derivative (1c). One of these species has an IR spectrum, which is consistent with that of isocyanate (2b,c). The IR and UV spectra of the second intermediate are in very good agreement with the calculated spectra of the singlet species (3b,c), whose structure is intermediate between that of a carbonylnitrene and an oxazirene. We further examined the photochemistry of benzoyl azide in solution at ambient temperatures by nanosecond time-resolved IR methods and obtained additional evidence for the singlet ground state of benzoylnitrene as well as insight into its reactivity in acetonitrile, cyclohexane, and dichloromethane. The above experiments were accompanied by quantum chemical calculations which included also a thorough investigation of the parent species, formylnitrene, at different levels of theory.
Flexural Strength of Fiber Cementitious Composites (1994)

An analytical model has been developed for the flexural strength of fiber‐reinforced cement‐based materials. The proposed model adopts the fictitious crack concept to relate the flexural strength of these fiber composites to their tension‐softening properties and to specimen geometry. For the case of a cementitious matrix reinforced with discontinuous randomly distributed fibers, the flexural strength can be related to the micromechanical parameters and specimen geometry. A reasonable agreement has been observed between the model prediction and experimental data reported in literature, supporting the validity of the proposed model. This model led to conclude that the flexural strength of fiber cementitious composites is dependent on specimen geometry and is also strongly influenced by the stress acting across the process zone. In addition, the flexural strength is always higher than the tensile strength and it is reached when the fracture process zone is only partially developed. The model can be used to design fiber cementitious composites for optimum flexural strength.
Electrical Properties of Reactive Liquid Crystal Semiconductors (2008)

Fabrication of display products by low cost printing technologies such as ink jet, gravure offset lithography and flexography requires solution processable semiconductors for the backplane electronics. The products will typically be of lower performance than polysilicon transistors, but comparable to amorphous silicon. A range of prototypes are under development, including rollable electrophoretic displays, active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCD's), and flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. Organic semiconductors that offer both electrical performance and stability with respect to storage and operation under ambient conditions are required. This work describes the initial evaluation of reactive mesogen semiconductors, which can polymerise within mesophase temperatures, "freezing in" the order in crosslinked domains. These crosslinked domains offer mechanical stability and are inert to solvent exposure in further processing steps. Reactive mesogens containing conjugated aromatic cores, designed to facilitate charge transport and provide good oxidative stability, were prepared and their liquid crystalline properties evaluated. Both time-of-flight and field effect transistor devices were prepared and their electrical characterisation reported.
CRISPR-Cas9 screen reveals a MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma dependency on EZH2 (2017)

Pharmacologically difficult targets, such as MYC transcription factors, represent a major challenge in cancer therapy. For the childhood cancer neuroblastoma, amplification of the oncogene MYCN is associated with high-risk disease and poor prognosis. Here, we deployed genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and found a preferential dependency on genes encoding the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) components EZH2, EED, and SUZ12. Genetic and pharmacological suppression of EZH2 inhibited neuroblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, compared with neuroblastomas without MYCN amplification, MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas expressed higher levels of EZH2. ChIP analysis showed that MYCN binds at the EZH2 promoter, thereby directly driving expression. Transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis, as well as genetic rescue experiments, revealed that EZH2 represses neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma in a PRC2-dependent manner. Moreover, MYCN-amplified and high-risk primary tumors from patients with neuroblastoma exhibited strong repression of EZH2-regulated genes. Additionally, overexpression of IGFBP3, a direct EZH2 target, suppressed neuroblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo. We further observed strong synergy between histone deacetylase inhibitors and EZH2 inhibitors. Together, these observations demonstrate that MYCN upregulates EZH2, leading to inactivation of a tumor suppressor program in neuroblastoma, and support testing EZH2 inhibitors in patients with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
Quantum effects and nanofabrications in scaling metal-oxide-semiconductor devices (2006)

Handbook of Semiconductor Nanostructures and Nanodevices is the World's first multivolume handbook covering a wide variety of advanced and emerging developments in the field of semiconductor nanotechnology. Semiconductor materials are the key elements of continued scientific and technological developments made in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, photonics, and magnetic devices. The five-volume set is an unprecedented encyclopedic reference that covers growth and processing of semiconductor nanostructured materials by MBE, CVD, PVD, electrochemical, and other techniques, all types of III-V, IV, and II-VI semiconductor nanomaterials, nanofabrication by bottom-up and top-down approaches, precise control and uniformity of semiconductor self-assembled nanostructures, quantum dots, and quantum wells, nanowires, nanoclusters, nanocrystals, and nanoparticles, heterojunctions and interface properties, physical, and chemical properties, nanoscale spectroscopic characterization techniques, and applications of semiconductor devices in nanoelectronics, nano-optoelectronics, nanometrology, nanocircuits, nano-imprint lithography, heterojunction devices, laser diodes, LEDs, solar cells, terahertz devices, thermoelectric devices, NEMS/MEMS, optical switches, infrared detectors,, computers, wireless communications, magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM), spintronic and data storage devices, single-electron transistors, quantum computing devices, .etc. Both experimental and theoretical aspects of semiconductor nanoscience and nanotechnology are covered. It is a must-have handbook for university libraries, research establishments, government laboratories, and high-tech companies engaged in research and development of semiconductors. It is written for a broad range of audience with different backgrounds and educational level, compiling past two decades of pioneering research. It provides in-depth information to research professiona
Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation of Amorphous Copper–Zinc Georgeite and Acetate Precursors for the Preparation of Ambient‐Pressure Water‐Gas‐Shift Copper/Zinc Oxide Catalysts (2017)

A series of copper-zinc acetate and zincian georgeite precursors have been produced by supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> antisolvent (SAS) precipitation as precursors to Cu/ZnO catalysts for the water gas shift (WGS) reaction. The amorphous materials were prepared by varying the water/ethanol volumetric ratio in the initial metal acetate solutions. Water addition promoted georgeite formation at the expense of mixed metal acetates, which are formed in the absence of the water co-solvent. Optimum SAS precipitation occurs without water to give high surface areas, whereas high water content gives inferior surface areas and copper-zinc segregation. Calcination of the acetates is exothermic, producing a mixture of metal oxides with high crystallinity. However, thermal decomposition of zincian georgeite resulted in highly dispersed CuO and ZnO crystallites with poor structural order. The georgeite-derived catalysts give superior WGS performance to the acetate-derived catalysts, which is attributed to enhanced copper-zinc interactions that originate from the precursor.
Minimally invasive exposure techniques in spine surgery (2006)

Purpose of review: Minimally invasive spine surgery is a rapidly growing field of significant interest to both surgeons and patients. Recent advances in surgical technology and technique now enable the spinal surgeon to access the spine whilst preserving the surrounding soft tissues; thereby decreasing postoperative pain. Recent findings: In recent years, a variety of technological advances in microscopy, tissue retractors and specialized instruments have become available which make small incision spinal surgery possible. Currently, a variety of spinal pathologies including herniated discs, spinal stenosis and some forms of spinal instability can be successfully treated with a minimally invasive spine surgery approach. Although small incision spinal surgery has a definable learning curve, most patients requiring a lumbar decompression for a localized spinal pathology would be potential candidates for this approach. Certain new skills must be mastered by the spinal surgeon to allow safe and efficient surgery to be performed with the minimally invasive approach. Summary: Minimally invasive spine surgery is a promising area of surgery with the potential to significantly decrease the perioperative morbidity to patients requiring spinal surgery. Surgical skills to perform these procedures can be gained through instruction. In the future, well designed clinical outcome studies are needed to define the benefits of minimally invasive spine surgery in comparison with the traditional surgical approaches.
Discovery of N-[2-[2-[[3-Methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]amino]-5-oxazolyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-4- morpholineacetamide as a Novel and Potent Inhibitor of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase with Excellent in Vivo Activity (2002)

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is a key enzyme that is involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. Novel 2-aminooxazoles were synthesized and tested for inhibition of IMPDH catalytic activity. Multiple analogues based on this chemotype were found to inhibit IMPDH with low nanomolar potency. One of the analogues (compound 23) showed excellent in vivo activity in the inhibition of antibody production in mice and in the adjuvant induced arthritis model in rats.
Image Sensing Technology and Their Applications: Empirical Verification of Range Resolution for a TOF Range Image Sensor with Periodical Charge Draining Operation Under Influence of Ambient Light (2010)

The range resolution of a time-of-flight (TOF) range image sensor with periodical charge-draining operation is analyzed under the influence of ambient light. The analysis explains the effectiveness of a small duty light pulse and a periodical charge-draining structure to reduce the influence of ambient light. A theoretical model of range resolution taking into consideration factors of the duty ratio, the ambient light component, and the diffusion component is presented. The theoretical model under the influence of ambient light well agrees with the experimental results. The offset-charge-canceling technique using two sub-frames effectively enables accurate range measurements under ambient light.
Large-scale search for dark-matter axions (1998)

Early results from a large-scale search for dark matter axions are presented. In this experiment, axions constituting our dark-matter halo may be resonantly converted to monochromatic microwave photons in a high-Q microwave cavity permeated by a strong magnetic field. Sensitivity at the level of one important axion model (KSVZ) has been demonstrated.
Randomized, Sham-controlled, Pilot Trial Using Magnetic Wrist-Hand Fitments for Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (2014)

Objective: This pilot trial explored the influence of static magnetic fields imbedded in a wrist-hand fitment on nerve conduction and symptom reports in persons with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to determine if the active magnetic wristhand fitment would improve objective and subjective symptom measures versus the sham control.
Methods: Randomized, sham-controlled, pilot trial involving participants with CTS (N=26) who wore either an active magnetic wrist-hand fitment or a sham fitment for 8 to10 hours a day for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included changes in nerve conduction and weekly symptom ratings.
Results: The active magnetic fitment group showed significant improvement in motor nerve conduction latency (p=0.046) and a trend toward improvement in sensory latency (p=0.090) compared to the sham group. Objective measures of motor and sensory nerve conduction improved in the active group compared to the sham group, while there were no differences between groups for subjective reports of symptom and functional measures, with both groups showing improvement over time.
Conclusion: Findings of improvement in motor distal latency, with only a trend toward improvement in sensory latency, still leave healthcare professionals without sufficient information to inform patients that static magnetic fields are either effective or ineffective in the management of symptoms related to CTS.
Skalierbare Produktionslinien in der Automobilindustrie (2004)

Kurzfassung Die Unsicherheit der Stückzahl- und Variantenentwicklung der angebotenen Produkte löst in der Automobil- und deren Zulieferindustrie ein hohes Investitionsrisiko bei der Anschaffung von Betriebsmitteln aus. Diese Investitionsunsicherheit ist reduzierbar, indem Produktionsanlagen zunächst in einer kostengünstigen Anfangskonfiguration aufgebaut und erst später einzelne Kapazitäts- und Flexibilitätseigenschaften schrittweise hinzugefügt werden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die Investitionen in Betriebsmittel dem kurzfristigen Bedarf entsprechend vornehmen. Dies führt zu einer drastischen Verringerung des Anlagerisikos. Der Beitrag beschreibt eine anwendungsorientierte Vorgehensweise zur Gestaltung von Produktionslinien, die derart skaliert werden können.
Low power methodology and design techniques for processor design (1998)

IBM's ASIC design methodologies is used to develop a low power microprocessor for the mobile (battery powered) marketplace. The design called for a reduction of active power by a factor of 10 times from an estimate of a product designed in a standard 3 volt ASIC design system. An overview of the design methodology and some of the innovative power reduction techniques are presented.
Shark Cartilage Contains Inhibitors of Tumor Angiogenesis (1983)

Shark cartilage contains a substance that strongly inhibits the growth of new blood vessels toward solid tumors, thereby restricting tumor growth. The abundance of this factor in shark cartilage, in contrast to cartilage from mammalian sources, may make sharks an ideal source of the inhibitor and may help to explain the rarity of neoplasms in these animals.