gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental Effects on Nonlinear Optical Chromophore Performance. Calculation of Molecular Quadratic Hyperpolarizabilities in Solvating Media (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnvironmental Effects on Nonlinear Optical Chromophore Performance. Calculation of Molecular Quadratic Hyperpolarizabilities in Solvating MediaSanto Di Bella, Tobin J. Marks, and Mark A. RatnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 10, 4440–4445Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00089a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00089a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views237Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Endoproteolytic processing of the dibasic cleavage site in the human protein C precursor in transfected mammalian cells: effects of sequence alterations on efficiency of cleavage (1990)

The human protein C precursor undergoes extensive co- and posttranslational modification during its biosynthesis in the liver. These modifications include glycosylation, gamma-carboxylation and beta-hydroxylation of specific amino acids, and endoproteolytic processing to remove the pre- and propeptides and also to remove the pair of basic amino acids that connect the light and heavy chains in the precursor. Specific molecular signals have been elucidated which direct several of these modifications; however, the mechanism for cleavage and removal of the basic amino acid pair has not been established. In the present study, a recombinant mammalian expression system has been used to study the molecular signals that direct removal of this basic amino acid pair. Mutations were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis either to insert additional basic amino acids or to alter the sequence adjacent to the basic pair by point mutations. The mutant protein precursors were expressed and analyzed for the degree of processing to 2-chain form and also for the location of the cleavage site (by N-terminal sequencing) and subsequent removal of the basic amino acids from the newly formed C terminus of the light chain. These experiments have shown that human protein C can be readily synthesized and secreted in several mammalian cell lines. However, cell lines vary considerably in their capacity to remove the dibasic pair in the protein C precursor and, like the liver, secrete a mixed population of 1-chain and 2-chain forms of the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Platform for Thermal Property Measurements and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Nanostructures (2011)

Measurements of the electrical and thermal transport properties of one-dimensional nanostructures (e.g., nanotubes and nanowires) typically are obtained without detailed knowledge of the specimens atomic-scale structure or defects. To address this deficiency, we have developed a microfabricated, chip-based characterization platform that enables both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of atomic structure and defects as well as measurement of the thermal transport properties of individual nanostructures. The platform features a suspended heater line that contacts a suspended nanostructure/nanowire at its midpoint, which is placed on the platform using in-situ scanning electron microscope nanomanipulators. Because the nanostructure is suspended across a through-hole, we have used TEM to characterize the atomic and defect structure (dislocations, stacking faults, etc.) of the test sample. As a model study, we report the use of this platform to measure the thermal conductivity and defect structure of GaN nanowires. The utilization of this platform for the measurements of other nanostructures will also be discussed.
<title>Development of particle standards for testing detection systems: mass of RDX and particle size distribution of composition 4 residues</title> (1994)

A study has been performed to determine the mass of RDX and the particle size distribution of composition 4 residue deposited by fingerprint transfer. Particle residues of composition 4 deposited on to smooth polyethylene films were studied. Six sample sets of fifty sequential prints were examined in the study. Mass of RDX was determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection for give sample sets. The particle size distribution of composition 4 residues was determined by microscopic examination for the sixth set. Results indicated that although there was variability across the series in the amount of RDX for a particle sample sequence number, results corroborated well with preliminary studies conducted by NRC of Canada. In a series of successive thumb prints laid down sequentially after an initial imprint on to C-4 explosive, the residue RDX contamination ranged from milligram levels for the first few prints to nanogram levels for fortieth to fiftieth print. Moreover, a log-log correlation was established between fingerprint number and mass of RDX present. Microscopic results indicated that the measured particle size distribution appears bi-modal in nature and is lognormally distributed.
Leptin Enhances Maturation and Development of Calf Oocytes In vitro (2011)

We investigated the effects of leptin on the in vitro maturation (IVM) and development of calf oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in IVM medium containing 0-100 ng/ml leptin. Experiment 1 showed that exposure of calf oocytes to IVM medium containing 1 or 10 ng/ml leptin significantly increased rates of development to the metaphase II stage compared with the control (81.7 ± 3.0% and 83.3 ± 2.1% for 1 and 10 ng/ml leptin, respectively, vs 64.1 ± 5.1% for control; p < 0.05). Experiment 2 showed that 1 or 10 ng/ml leptin significantly improved cleavage rates after in vitro fertilization when compared to control (58.6 ± 3.3% and 59.3 ± 2.9% for 1 and 10 ng/ml leptin, respectively, vs 48.5 ± 2.6% for control; p < 0.05); in addition, when compared to control medium, the addition of 10 ng/ml leptin to the IVM medium resulted in more presumptive zygotes reaching the 4- to 8-cell stage after 48 h of in vitro culture (30.3 ± 2.3% vs 20.1 ± 2.3%; p < 0.05) and developing into blastocysts after 8 days of culture (20.4 ± 1.6% vs 11.7 ± 1.7%; p < 0.05). Experiment 3 showed that the addition of 1 or 10 ng/ml leptin significantly increased the total number of blastocyst cells on day 8 of culture (114.6 ± 7.8 and 117.4 ± 5.9 for 1 and 10 ng/ml leptin, respectively, vs 92.7 ± 8.3 for control; p < 0.05) and trophectoderm (TE) cells (88.5 ± 5.5 and 90.6 ± 3.7 for 1 and 10 ng/ml leptin, respectively, vs 70.1 ± 5.9 for control; p < 0.05). In summary, these results indicate that the addition of leptin to IVM medium enhances meiotic maturation and embryo development from calf oocytes and improves the quality of embryos derived from these oocytes.
Imaging on the Nanoscale with THz Time-Domain, Emission and Pump-Probe Microscopy (2018)

We demonstrate an experimental platform based on an scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) with the ability to perform Laser Terahertz Emission Microscopy (LTEM), Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging (THz-TDI) and optical-pump terahertz probe back-to-back in the same configuration. We illustrate this by imaging a metal-semiconductor interface with all three methods.
Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Localization with Commercial MMWave WiFi: NLOS Propagation (2020)

In addition to coarse-grained received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements and fine-grained channel state information (CSI), a mid-grained channel measurement - spatial beam signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) - that are inherently available during the millimeter wave (mmWave) beam training as defined in mmWave fifth-generation (5G) and IEEE 802.11ad/ay standards, were recently utilized for fingerprinting-based indoor localization. In this paper, we extend the beam SNR fingerprinting-based indoor localization to more challenging scenarios in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation. Particularly, multi-channel beam covariance matrix (BCM) images are used as the fingerprinting signature and fed into a beam covariance learning (BCL) network to identify the position and estimate the coordinate. Using our in-house testbed with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) 60-GHz WiFi routers, real-world mmWave BCMs are fingerprinted in several NLOS locations-of-interest in an enclosed L-shape conference room. Given a fingerprinting grid-size of 30 cm, preliminary performance evaluation shows the position classification accuracy can be above 90% using classical classification methods and a coordinate estimation error around 11 cm with the BCL approach.
Optimization of Low Temperature Cu-Cu Wafer Bonding Using Advanced Analytical Methods (2014)

Metal thermo-compression wafer bonding is a promising candidate for three-dimensional integration of Integrated Circuits (3D ICs). 3D ICs are very interesting as they allow for higher performance due to shorter interconnect paths fabricated in a wafer-level integration approach, even for wafers processed in different technologies. For example, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductors (CMOS) and Micro- Electro- Mechanical Systems (MEMS) may be integrated this way. Due to its high electrical and thermal conductivity, low cost, and current availability in numerous IC fabrication facilities Cu is a very attractive bonding material for 3D integration. During the past decade processes were developed for Cu-Cu thermo-compression bonding using about 1 h at 400°C under high contact pressure. A substantial bonding temperature reduction is required in order to optimize post-bond wafer-to-wafer alignment accuracy, to minimize thermo-mechanical stresses, to prevent device degradation (as it is the case for Dynamic Random Access Memories - DRAMs), and to increase the throughput of the bonding process. The aim of this work was to study the physical mechanisms of Cu-Cu bonding, develop a deep knowledge of the effects of these mechanisms, and then apply this knowledge to optimize the bonding process for low temperatures. This was achieved by preparing 150 mm silicon sample wafers by two alternative methods (Cu sputtering and electroplating) either with or without Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP), running a set of experiments covering combinations of wet chemical ex-situ and dry in-situ oxide reducing pre-treatments and then evaluating the results using analytical techniques, such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Electron Back- Scatter Diffraction (EBSD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), C-mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (C-SAM), several elemental analysis techniques and a qualitative version of the Maszara crack test. Here the used wet chemistry was diluted citric acid (1wt%) and the reducing gas was forming gas (96% Ar + 4% H 2 ). Subsequent to the wafer bonding process, the post-bond annealing was performed in order to increase the bond strength while keeping the retention time in the wafer bonding system as short as possible. It was determined that for successful low temperature Cu-Cu thermo-compression wafer bonding the following classes of variables have to be considered (i) the contact of the two Cu surfaces, even at atomic scale, (ii) the cleanliness of the Cu surfaces, (iii) the diffusion properties of the two Cu layers and (iv) process conditions. In this paper the measured experimental results are compared with current knowledge and theory. In addition, key variables for establishing a successful bonding process were discussed. Using the fundamental information learned in these experiments it was possible to perform Cu-Cu thermo-compression wafer bonding at and below 200°C (see Figure 1); even room temperature direct bonding is achievable.
Design and fundamental limits of nearfield magnetic-force scanning microscopy via the no-cloning theorem (2020)

We analyze nearfield measurements of magnetic fields originating from quantum sources and measured by quantum probes. We show that cloning-inspired techniques reveal optimal measurement schemes and new universal precision bounds for nearfield detectors.
Janus Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fiber with Tunable Properties Enabled by Ultrafast Flash Reduction (2019)

Flash photothermal treatment via Xenon lamp with a broad wavelength spectrum can effectively remove oxygen functionalities and restore sp<sup>2</sup> domains at graphitic carbon materials. The chemical composition and relevant structure formation of flash reduced graphene oxide liquid crystal (GOLC) fibers are investigated in accordance with flash irradiation conditions. Owing to the spatial controllability of reduction level via anisotropic flash irradiation, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of graphene fibers can be delicately counterbalanced to attain desired properties. High sensitivity humidity sensors can be fabricated from the flash reduced fibers demonstrating notably higher sensitivity over the thermally reduced counterparts. This ultrafast flash reduction holds great promise for multidimensional macroscopic GO based structures, enabling a wide range of potential applications, including textile electronics and wearable sensors.
A survey of anisotropy measurement techniques and study of thickness effect on interfacial and volume anisotropies in Co∕Pt multilayer media (2006)

A survey of various measurement techniques, including the rotation method, the hard-axis hysteresis loop, and the torque measurement, is presented using Co∕Pt multilayer recording media. It is found that for highly exchange-coupled samples, the results from the rotational method are consistent with those from the hard-axis hysteresis loop and torque measurements. Such anisotropy measurements are applied to determine the interfacial anisotropy in Co∕Pt multilayers (MLs) by studying a series of Co∕Pt ML samples with Co thickness ranging from 0.1 to 2 nm. The Pt thickness is fixed at either 1 or 0.5 nm. It is found that the multilayer with 1 nm Pt layer shows a larger interfacial anisotropy constant (KS∼0.8erg∕cm2) than the media with 0.5 nm Pt layer (KS∼0.6erg∕cm2), corresponding to about 80% and 60% of the interfacial anisotropy of the ML made by molecular-beam epitaxy, respectively [D. Weller et al., Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 313, 791 (1993)]. Such thickness dependence is supported by the x-ray-diffraction superlattice peak measurements that indicate the discontinuous growth for the case with thinner Pt.
Drastic modification of the dispersion state of submicron silica during biaxial deformation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2007)

Deformation-induced modification of the dispersion state of silica nanoparticles in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). We focused on the biaxial deformation applied at a temperature just above the glass transition temperature (110 °C), during the free stretch-blowing process of amorphous PET modified with submicron silica. The first nanocomposite studied contains 2.5 wt % of fractal aggregated pyrogenic silica. The particles are well dispersed after the polymerization of PET, but they agglomerate and orient strongly parallel to the elongation direction after biaxial deformation. They form long streams of particles (>2 μm long) regularly spaced by a distance of 50−100 nm. Interestingly, the silica organization is consistent with the hierarchical structure commonly proposed for the strain-induced crystallization of PET. The particles are rejected from the highly oriented domains induced by the strain, and their spatial organization reveals the superstructure. The second nanocomposite contains 5% of spherical silica with a diameter of 20 nm. Its behavior is drastically different. The silica also forms streams of particles (1−2 μm long); however, the streams are oriented perpendicular to the elongation direction, and that is hardly compatible with the presence of a microfibrillar structure. We assume that this unexpected orientation is produced by the extended growth of mesophases and crystallites perpendicular to the orientation and that stacked lamellae are formed rather than microfibrils.
Crystallography of low-alloy martensitic steels: {557} habit planes of the blocks and self-accommodation in the packets (2016)

Low-alloy steels are constituted of twenty-four Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS) variants grouped into four packets of six variants sharing the same close-packed plane {111}fcc // {110}bcc, and the variants in each packet are grouped into three pairs of low-misoriented blocky variants. The habit planes reported in literature for the blocky variants are {557}fcc. These planes are explained directly without any free parameter. The calculations prove that the two distortion matrices related to a pair of blocky variants can be exactly averaged into a composite Nishiyama-Wassermann (NW) distortion matrix. The {557} habit planes are the unique planes untilted by the NW matrix. It is also proved that the martensitic transformation can be self-accommodated by the co-formation of the six KS variants in a packet, leaving only the hydrostatic part due to the fcc-bcc volume change. A new way of averaging distortion matrices is also introduced. This work confirms that the KS distortion matrix is a good candidate to understand the fcc-bcc distortion mechanism. This matrix alone is sufficient to explain the {557} habit planes in the low-alloy steels, and the {225} habit planes in the high-carbon steels (submitted paper). These planes are actually the irrational {1 1 sqrt2} and {1 1 sqrt6} planes, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′‐Bipyridyl‐6‐carboxamidoximes with Potential Antitumor and Antimicrobial Properties. (1986)

A series of derivatives of 2,2'-bipyridyl-6-carboxamidoxime which combine structural features of antitumor compounds and of the antifungal antibiotic caerulomycin have been synthesized and evaluated for antitumor, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Many of the studied compounds displayed significant antifungal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS WITH ZEROVALENT METALS, CONVERSION OF THIONOCARBONATES TO ALKENES WITH BIS(1,5‐CYCLOOCTADIENE)NICKEL(0) (1973)

Abstract cis‐Cyclooctan‐1,2‐diol‐thionocarbonat (I) liefert mit dem Nickelkomplex (II) über die Zwischenstufe (III) bei der Behandlung mit Sauerstoff bei 25°C das Diol‐carbonat (IV), während unter Inertgas das Cycloocten (V) in hoher Ausbeute erhalten wird.
Rheological assessment of a polymeric spherical structure using a three-dimensional shear wave scattering model in dynamic spectroscopy elastography (2014)

With the purpose of assessing localized rheological behavior of pathological tissues using ultrasound dynamic elastography, an analytical shear wave scattering model was used in an inverse problem framework. The proposed method was adopted to estimate the complex shear modulus of viscoelastic spheres from 200 to 450 Hz. The inverse problem was formulated and solved in the frequency domain, allowing assessment of the complex viscoelastic shear modulus at discrete frequencies. A representative rheological model of the spherical obstacle was determined by comparing storage and loss modulus behaviors with Kelvin-Voigt, Maxwell, Zener, and Jeffrey models. The proposed inversion method was validated by using an external vibrating source and acoustic radiation force. The estimation of viscoelastic properties of three-dimensional spheres made softer or harder than surrounding tissues did not require a priori rheological assumptions. The proposed method is intended to be applied in the context of breast cancer imaging.
Transformation-Invariant Clustering and Linear Component Analysis using the EM Algorithm (2000)

Clustering and dimensionality reduction are simple, effective ways to derive useful representations of data, such as images. These procedures often are used as preprocessing steps for more sophisticated pattern analysis techniques. (In fact, these procedures often perform as well as or better than more sophisticated pattern analysis techniques.) However, in situations where each input has been randomly transformed (e.g., by translation, rotation and shearing in images), these methods tend to extract cluster centers and submanifolds that account for variations in the input due to transformations, instead of more interesting and potentially useful structure. For example, if images of a human face are clustered, it would be more useful for the different clusters to represent different poses and expressions, instead of different translations and rotations. We describe a way to add transformation invariance to mixture models, factor analyzers and mixtures of factor analyzers by approximating the nonlinear transformation manifold by a discrete set of points. In contrast to linear approximations of the transformation manifold, which assume the amount of transformation is small, our method works well for large levels of transformation. We show how the expectation maximization algorithm can be used to jointly learn a set of clusters, a subspace model, or a mixture of subspace models and at the same time infer the transformation associated with each case. After illustrating this technique on some difficult contrived problems, we compare the technique with other methods for filtering noisy images obtained from a scanning electron microscope, clustering images of faces into different categories of identi- fication and pose, subspace modeling of facial expressions, subspace modeling of images of handwritten digits for handwriting classification, and unsupervised classification of images of handwritten digits.
Characterization of peripartum cardiomyopathy by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (2015)

Background Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life threatening disease and the major cause of acute heart failure in the peripartum period. While many aspects of its clinical profiles have been frequently reported, functional analysis, in particular of the right ventricle, and tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging have been only sporadically described. The aim of the present study was to analyze pathological alterations found in CMR imaging of patients newly diagnosed with PPCM.
An extremely compact pattern diversity antenna for WLAN (2003)

An extremely compact and low-cost antenna with two complementary quasi-omnidirectional radiation patterns is reported. The antenna is composed of a monopole at the center of an annular slot antenna (ASA). An experimental prototype of the antenna working in the 5 GHz WLAN band is designed and tested. Despite the physical proximity of the two radiators, an isolation better than 22 dB over 480 MHz is measured, while the radiation patterns of the monopole and the ASA are very slightly perturbed by the presence of the other radiator. The obtained design is well suited for the realization of a very compact pattern diversity antenna.
Simultaneous UPLC–TQ-MS/MS determination of six active components in rat plasma: application in the pharmacokinetic study of Cyclocarya paliurus leaves (2019)

The pharmacokinetic parameters of each compound can facilitate future clinical studies.