gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graded wavelength one-dimensional photonic crystal reveals spectral characteristics of enhanced fluorescence (2008)

One-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) slabs are capable of enhancing the excitation of fluorescent material adsorbed on their surface. In this report, we demonstrate and verify by electromagnetic computer simulations that resonant leaky modes spectrally overlapping the laser wavelength used for fluorescent excitation are responsible for the enhanced excitation, and that the Q-factor of the PC resonance is proportional to the resonant electric field intensity and thus proportional to the fluorescent enhancement factor. As a demonstration, we have fabricated a single PC slab surface with an intentional spatial gradient in the resonant wavelength and demonstrate enhanced fluorescence only from locations on the PC surface with a leaky mode corresponding to a 633 nm HeNe laser used to excite Cyanine 5 dye deposited uniformly across the PC. The results show that enhanced fluorescence signals for one-dimensional PC slabs originate from increased excitation of the fluorescent dye.
Photoluminescent and Thermal Stable Properties of Tb[sup 3+]-Doped Ca-α-SiAlON under VUV Excitation (2009)

This work described the photoluminescent (PL) and thermal stability properties of -doped phosphors, with the composition that can be excitable under vacuum UV (VUV) light. The concentration of Tb as a fraction of that of Ca was varied from . The sample with had the highest emission intensity. The obtained activation energy for the sample with was 0.1 eV. The major mechanism of concentration quenching was dipole–dipole interaction. The VUV PL intensities of composition-optimized samples under different excitation wavelengths were compared. The results indicated that the PL intensity at or was much weaker than the obtained intensity with excitation at 258 nm, suggesting that -doped phosphors can be excitable by VUV but are not suitable for applications in plasma display panels. Moreover, the emission peak intensity (excitation at 258 nm and monitored at 544 nm) decreased with increasing temperature and have a slight blueshift. This phenomenon is explained by the anti-Stokes effect associated with the interaction between electron and thermal phonon.
Mitigation of power system collapse through active dynamic buffers (2004)

Power electronics continues to grow as an element of electrical loads. Most such loads, including motor drives, computer power supplies, and compact fluorescent lighting, serve to "isolate" the load dynamics from the utility grid. The unfortunate effect is that these loads enforce local constant power behavior, which tends to de-stabilize the supply system. This paper reviews the power buffer concept, in which a power electronics load takes advantage of dynamic isolation to present a desired dynamic behavior to the grid. Through simulations and experimental results power buffers are shown to prevent system instabilities and voltage collapse.
Q-factor monitoring using FEC for fault-management applications (2004)

Feature Issue on Optical Performance Monitoring (OPM). We examine the use of forward-error-correction coding for Q-factoring monitoring in fault-management applications. The sensitivity of this technique is measured for accumulated dispersion values up to -982 ps/nm, demonstrating the potential for use in embedded monitoring without dispersion compensation.
Periodic mesoporous phenylenesilicas with ether or sulfide hinge groups—a new class of PMOs with ligand channels (2004)

A new class of periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with 4-phenyl ether and 4-phenyl sulfide bridge-bonded silsesquioxanes integrated into the pore walls to create ligand channels have been synthesized using inorganic salt-assisted self-assembly directed by a supramolecular polyoxyethylene (10) stearyl ether (Brij 76) template.
Beam-steerable Multi-band Mm-wave Bow-tie Antenna Array for Mobile Terminals (2018)

A multiple-band 5G end-fire antenna array is proposed to be placed on the upper and bottom edges of mobile terminals. The antenna element consists of two bow-tie radiators designed to resonate at 28 and 60 GHz. A sixteen-element beam-steerable array is presented in this paper, with overall dimensions of 40.13x1.44x0.25 mm^3. Only the odd elements are active in the 28-GHz band and the optimal termination of the parasitic elements is studied. The simulated results show a good match to a 50-ohm feeding line and end-fire radiation at the targeted frequency bands.
Abstract 452: Novel MRI-based biomarker for early assessment of glioma recurrence (2012)

Abstract Gliomas continue to be the most common form of brain malignancy in adult patients. Even with advancements in the clinical management of these patients, assessment of tumor recurrence continues to be based on late or serial changes in tumor volume as measured by CT or MRI [1; 2]. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a new voxel-based method, referred as parametric response mapping (PRM), for early detection of brain tumor progression using standard MR images (FLAIR and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted). PRM results were evaluated relative to standard MRI-based criteria of clinical progression assessment in patients with Grade III/IV gliomas. Fourteen patients with grades III/IV glioma underwent MRI before and during treatment (every 2 months). MRI scans, acquired on a 1.5T or a 3T clinical scanner, consisted of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging (FLAIR) and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1w) images. All images were spatially registered to CE-T1w pre-treatment scans and tumors were manually contoured on the T1w-Gd images. Subsequent to PRM analysis, FLAIR images were normalized to the signal using the white matter (rFLAIR). PRM, applied to the whole brain volume on rFLAIR, was performed by first generating voxel-based difference maps at each longitudinal follow-up scan using the baseline as the subtrahend. Baseline was defined as either the pre-treatment or subsequent rFLAIR image. Individual voxels were classified based on the extent of change observed in the rFLAIR difference maps. Three classifications were used: voxels with a significant increase in rFLAIR values (PRMrFLAIR+), significant decrease (PRMrFLAIR-) or statistically unchanged (PRMrFLAIR0). Disease recurrence was defined by PRM as the sum of red voxels that exceed 20% of the tumor volume as delineated on T1w-Gd. PRMrFLAIR detected tumor recurrence on average 18±3 weeks earlier than the MacDonald criteria. It was also observed that PRMrFLAIR+ found outside the tumor CE-T1w regions revealed the spatial location at which the tumor would progress on subsequent scans based on current standard progression criteria. These results show that the PRM approach provides for the early detection and spatial depiction of brain tumor progression prior to detection by currently available conventional MRI-based criteria. While further validation of PRM for detection of tumor recurrence is currently underway, the ability to detect tumor progression significantly earlier than currently possible is anticipated to have a major impact on patient care. [1] Macdonald, D. R., et al. (1990). J Clin Oncol 8(7): 1277-1280. [2] Wen, P. Y., et al. (2010). J Clin Oncol 28(11): 1963-1972. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 452. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-452
Detection, correlation, and visualization of attacks against critical infrastructure systems (2010)

Digital control systems are essential to the safe and efficient operation of a variety of industrial processes in sectors such as electric power, oil and gas, water treatment, and manufacturing. Modern control systems are increasingly connected to other control systems as well as to corporate systems. They are also increasingly adopting networking technology and system and application software from conventional enterprise systems. These trends can make control systems vulnerable to cyber attack, which in the case of control systems may impact physical processes causing environmental harm or injury. We present some results of the DATES (Detection and Analysis of Threats to the Energy Sector) project, wherein we adapted and developed several intrusion detection technologies for control systems. The suite of detection technologies was integrated and connected to a commercial security event correlation framework from ArcSight. We demonstrated the efficacy of our detection and correlation solution on two coupled testbed environments. We particularly focused on detection, correlation, and visualization of a network traversal attack, where an attacker penetrates successive network layers to compromise critical assets that directly control the underlying process. Such an attack is of particular concern in the layered architectures typical of control system implementations.
V -Band HJFET MMIC DROs With Low Phase Noise, High Power, and Excellent Temperature Stability (2003)

This paper describes the development, along with detailed phase-noise analysis, of V-band monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMIC) dielectric-resonator oscillators (DROs) achieving state-of-the-art performances. A TE/sub 01/spl delta//-mode Ba(Mg,Ta)O/sub 3/ cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) is directly placed on a MMIC GaAs substrate to avoid the loss and uncertainty of bonding wires. A 0.15-/spl mu/m AlGaAs-InGaAs heterojunction field-effect transistor with optimized structure is developed as an active device. A design procedure proposed by the authors is employed, which allows us to analyze and optimize circuits in consideration for the output power, phase noise, and temperature stability. A developed DRO co-integrated with a buffer amplifier exhibits a low phase noise of -90 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset, a high output power of 10.0 dBm, and an excellent frequency stability of 1.6 ppm//spl deg/C at an oscillation frequency of 59.6 GHz, all of which are state-of-the-art performances reported for MMIC DROs above V-band. An experimental and theoretical analysis for the phase-noise-reduction effect of a DR is also addressed.
Processing Functional CQL Queries (2010)

At UDBL (Uppsala DataBase Laboratory) we are developing the DSMS SCSQ (SuperComputer Stream Query processor) based on the main memory DBMS Amos II. Amos II is a functional DBMS where data and information are represented as typed functions. In SCSQ database queries over streams are expressed in the functional query language SCSQL, a language similar to the object oriented parts of SQL:99 but extended with parallel stream query facilities. In this paper we investigate what existing functionality in SCSQ and Amos II can be utilized to support CQL, a continuous query language developed by the Stanford STREAM project. SCSQL is extended with functionality required to support CQL. The extended functional stream query language is called FCQL. To implement FCQL, SCSQ is extended with new operators that adhere to the semantics of CQL. FCQL is a functional continuous query language with the same expressive power as CQL. Furthermore, we show how CQL queries can be translated to FCQL in a systematic way and by doing so give a template for an automatic CQL-to-FCQL translator. We also evaluate the completeness of FCQL by translating to FCQL the queries of the linear road DSMS benchmark as it was expressed in CQL by the Stanford STREAM project.
NOTES and the mediastinum (2015)

When natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) was introduced more than 10 years ago, it presented the possibility of less-invasive, initially abdominal procedures through the gut wall without skin incision. As procedures were carried out without sufficient basis of experience and knowledge about possible hazards, the most critical points and possible complications of NOTES procedures were defined early on in a white paper [1]. When interest was shown in applying NOTES through the esophagus into the mediastinum [2], it was thought to be an unreasonable and hazardous undertaking. Years earlier, in the mid-1990 s, introduction of mediastinal endoscopic ultrasound-fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) caused similar disapproval amongst thoracic surgeons. However, the technique later proved to be a safe and minimally invasive technique that allows complete inspection of and tissue sampling in the entire mediastinum when used in combination with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). EUS-FNA has largely replaced standard video-assisted mediastinoscopy (VAM) for evaluation and tissue sampling of malignant and benign mediastinal nodes and lesions.
Rubberband: an improved graph search algorithm for interactive object segmentation (2003)

We present a novel interactive object segmentation algorithm: Rubberband. Rubberband is motivated by graph search based boundary detection algorithms but has greatly improved robustness and controllability performance with (1) a novel user interface; (2) an improved graph search algorithm; (3) an automatic scale selection algorithm.
Early detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in the cervix with quantitative spectroscopic imaging (2013)

Quantitative spectroscopy has recently been extended from a contact-probe to wide-area spectroscopic imaging to enable mapping of optical properties across a wide area of tissue. We train quantitative spectroscopic imaging (QSI) to identify cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in 34 subjects undergoing the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP subjects). QSI's performance is then prospectively evaluated on the clinically suspicious biopsy sites from 47 subjects undergoing colposcopic-directed biopsy. The results show the per-subject normalized reduced scattering coefficient at 700 nm (An) and the total hemoglobin concentration are significantly different (p<0.05) between HSIL and non-HSIL sites in LEEP subjects. An alone retrospectively distinguishes HSIL from non-HSIL with 89% sensitivity and 83% specificity. It alone applied prospectively on the biopsy sites distinguishes HSIL from non-HSIL with 81% sensitivity and 78% specificity. The findings of this study agree with those of an earlier contact-probe study, validating the robustness of QSI, and specifically An, for identifying HSIL. The performance of An suggests an easy to use and an inexpensive to manufacture monochromatic instrument is capable of early cervical cancer detection, which could be used as a screening and diagnostic tool for detecting cervical cancer in low resource countries.
Are robots taking over orthopaedic surgery? (2012)

In a global environment of rising costs and limited funds, robotic and computer-assisted orthopaedic technologies could provide the means to drive a necessary revolution in arthroplasty productivity. Robots have been used to operate on humans for 20 years, but the adoption of the technology has lagged behind that of the manufacturing industry. The use of robots in surgery should enable cost savings by reducing instrumentation and inventories, and improving accuracy. Despite these benefits, the orthopaedic community has been resistant to change. If the ergonomics and economics are right, robotic technology just might transform the provision of joint replacement.
Optimization of liquid crystals for television (2005)

Abstract— LCD TVs have dramatically improved in performance during the last 2 years. At the same time, the sale prices decreased by more than 50%. Together with the introduction of digital terrestrial broadcasting, this resulted in increasing sales of LCD TVs. This paper gives an overview of the main liquid‐crystal display (LCD) technologies used for TVs. We discuss key materials, synthesis, structural property relationships, and the optimization of LC mixture properties. For all technologies, we have achieved fast‐switching LC mixtures (16 msec). Novel materials for LC mixtures for the next generation of superior performance LCD TVs with 8‐msec switching times are shown.
Fused Pyrene–Diporphyrins: Shifting Near‐Infrared Absorption to 1.5 μm and Beyond (2010)

Die direkte Anellierung von Pyrensystemen an Diporphyrine liefert Pyren-Diporphyrin-Hybridverbindungen (C(Pyren) rot, C(Porphyrin) dunkelblau, N hellblau, Zn grün) mit einer Nahinfrarot(NIR)-Absorption bei Wellenlängen, die für die Telekommunikation wichtig sind. Außerdem erreichen sie eine der höchsten externen Quantenausbeuten unter den organischen Farbstoffen.
Diversity and Potential of Nonsymbiotic Diazotrophic Bacteria in Promoting Plant Growth (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Rhizosphere and Bacterial Diversity Diazotrophic Bacteria Symbiotic Diazotrophic Bacteria Asymbiotic Diazotrophic Bacteria Asymbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and Its Significance to Plant Growth Plant Growth Promoting Mechanisms of Diazotrophic PGPR Interaction of Diazotrophic PGPR with Other Microorganisms Interaction of Diazotrophic PGPR with Rhizobia Interaction of Diazotrophic PGPR with Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Other Dimensions of Plant Growth Promoting Activities ACC Deaminase Activity Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) Improved Stress Tolerance Quorum Sensing Critical Gaps in PGPR Research and Future Directions References
Application of model experiment data to test sonic-boom propagation models (1995)

Model experiments are successful in simulating the propagation of sonic booms through the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer. In the model experiment spark-produced N waves propagate across the turbulent flow field of a plane jet. The N waves are measured by a wide band condenser microphone and the turbulence is measured by hot-wire anemometry. The results from the model experiment, pressure waveforms and turbulence characteristics, are used to test various sonic-boom models for propagation through turbulence. Both waveform distortion models and rise time prediction models are tested. Only Pierce’s model [A. D. Pierce, 906–924 (1971)] based on the wavefront folding mechanism at a caustic yields a fairly accurate prediction for the rise time of the mean waveform after propagation through the turbulence. Results from other models are not confirmed by the model experiment data. [Work supported by NASA Langley.]
Modeling the influence of multilevel interconnect on chip performance (1998)

The purpose of this work is the development of a design and evaluation tool, named Rensselaer Interconnect Performance Estimator (RIPE), to analyze the impact on size, wireability, performance, power dissipation and reliability of single chip microprocessors as a function of interconnect, device, circuit, design and architectural parameters. A study of existing microprocessors and their design practices has been done to identify the parameters required to model such a system to the first order. As a result, a system model encompassing memory, core logic and I/O circuitry has been presented.
Compared to earlier performance estimators, such as SUSPENS and Sai-Halasz' cycle time estimator, RIPE can accurately predict the overall performance of current microprocessor systems. For the three major microprocessor architectures: DEC, PowerPC and Intel, RIPE results indicated agreement within 10% on key parameters such as transistor count, area, wiring levels, clock frequency and power dissipation. The RIPE model has also been used to study the SIA (Semiconductor Industry Association) Roadmap predictions and technology characteristics for future microprocessor systems. The results indicate that for the 0.10 $\mu$m generation, the performance of interconnect limits overall performance and a combination of performance improving design techniques, such as interconnect length limiting floorplans, new interconnect materials and architectures, are needed to be able to meet future performance goals.
Therapeutic anticancer efficacy of a synthetic diazonamide analog in the absence of overt toxicity (2007)

Blocking cell division through the inhibition of mitosis is one of the most successful clinical strategies for the treatment of cancer. Taxanes and vinca alkaloids are in widespread use and have demonstrated substantive therapeutic efficacy. Both classes of compounds bind directly to tubulin, a structural component of the mitotic spindle. The ubiquitous utilization of tubulin in cell division in both cancerous and normal cells, however, tempers the broad spectrum of activity of currently used antimitotics by significant toxicities in normal dividing tissue. Moreover, peripheral nerve cells that rely on microtubules to shuttle cargo along axonal processes are also damaged by tubulin-binding drugs. Thus, neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy are the most frequently cited dose-limiting toxicities of this class of chemotherapeutics. Here we report the preclinical assessment of AB-5, a structural and functional analog of the natural product diazonamide A. AB-5, like taxanes and vinca alkaloids, blocks cell division during mitosis. However, AB-5 works not by binding tubulin but rather through inhibition of a newly discovered role for ornithine-delta-aminotransferase in mitosis. We hereby report that, unlike other antimitotics, AB-5 is extremely well tolerated by mice when administered under conditions where the drug cures xenografted tumors as effectively as taxanes and vinca alkaloids. AB-5-treated mice show no weight loss, no change in overall physical appearance, and no evidence of neutropenia. These observations raise the possibility that AB-5 may have clinical utility for cancer therapy under conditions largely devoid of chemotherapeutic toxicity and suggest that further preclinical evaluation of AB-5 is warranted.
Distributed Gradient Flow: Nonsmoothness, Nonconvexity, and Saddle Point\n Evasion (2020)

The paper considers distributed gradient flow (DGF) for multi-agent nonconvex\noptimization. DGF is a continuous-time approximation of distributed gradient\ndescent that is often easier to study than its discrete-time counterpart. The\npaper has two main contributions. First, the paper considers optimization of\nnonsmooth, nonconvex objective functions. It is shown that DGF converges to\ncritical points in this setting. The paper then considers the problem of\navoiding saddle points. It is shown that if agents' objective functions are\nassumed to be smooth and nonconvex, then DGF can only converge to a saddle\npoint from a zero-measure set of initial conditions. To establish this result,\nthe paper proves a stable manifold theorem for DGF, which is a fundamental\ncontribution of independent interest. In a companion paper, analogous results\nare derived for discrete-time algorithms.\n
Sub-kHz Quantum Linewidth Semiconductor Laser On Silicon Chip (2015)

We report on a semiconductor laser on silicon platform with record-low sub-kHz quantum noise-limited linewidth, based on spontaneous emission control and optical loss reduction.
Heat transmission and air flow friction in a solar air heater with a ribbed absorber plate: A computational study (2022)

The influence of geometrical parameters of V-symmetry ribs on heat flow and fluid flow characteristics of solar air heater (SAH) rectangular duct with ribbed absorber is investigated theoretically. Fabrication of ribs in repeated artificial protrusions pattern on the absorber surface appears as a simple approach for increasing the solar collectors radiation harnessing capacity. The various characteristics of artificial roughness protrusions include relative roughness height (e/Dh), relative roughness pitch (p/e), and angle of attack of flow (α), and the span of these parameters is determined based on experimental considerations of the device and working circumstances. To measure the improvement in the coefficient of heat transfer and friction factor, the outcomes were correlated to those of a smooth conduit under identical flow characteristics. The greatest increase in Stanton number and friction factor is 1.13 and 1.19 folds that of the smooth SAH duct, correspondingly.