gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous Rock Strength Measurements on Core and Neural Network Modeling Result in Significant Improvements in Log-Based Rock Strength Predictions Used to Optimize Completion Design and Improve Prediction of Sanding Potential and Wellbore Stability (2003)

Abstract The scaling-up of laboratory rock mechanical measurements from sample-scale to reservoir-scale is fundamental to evaluation of wellbore stability, sanding potential, reservoir compaction or casing failure. Understanding rock heterogeneity is fundamental for adequate scaling-up laboratory measurements to core- and reservoir-scales and thus, to predictions of mechanical failure. Historically, scaling-up from core scale to reservoir scale has been dependent on calibration of log-based models to a sparsely sampled data set of rock mechanical property measurements made on core plugs. Such a sparsely sampled data set of core plug measurements alone may inadequately characterize the range heterogeneities in the reservoir, resulting in less than optimum log-based predictive models. With the introduction of continuous, high resolution, rock strength (UCS) measurements on core via scratch testing, an excellent calibration reference for producing robust log-based predictions of rock strength now exist. In this study, high-resolution measurements of strength heterogeneity were obtained as a function of core length and were correlated with fundamental textural and compositional parameters from petrographic analysis. Using adaptive learning neural networks, fundamental relationships between log measurements and rock strength were obtained. This methodology was adequate for characterizing the intrinsic rock heterogeneity at appropriate scales for mechanical analysis of completion design and sanding (0.25 ft). The methodology is also potentially applicable to the scaling-up of other fundamental mechanical properties such as in-situ strength, compressibility and thick-walled cylinder strength. Results show that intrinsic textural heterogeneity and strength heterogeneity are strongly related in sedimentary rocks. Recognizing the importance of rock heterogeneity and being able to scale-up this property to core and reservoir scales via log measurements results in significant improvements in the predictive capacity for sanding potential and wellbore stability. For example, thin layers of considerably weaker-strength than the surrounding rock, undetectable from conventional log-based rock strength predictions, were detected and included in the mechanical model. In addition to possessing high sanding potential, these weaker sections are also regions of fluid loss during drilling. Results can be used for selection of competent rock across the field (based on LWD measurements) for multilateral junction placement, and for selection of optimum completion strategies.
Radiative Efficiency Limit with Band Tailing Exceeds 30% for Quantum Dot Solar Cells (2017)

Thin films of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising solar photovoltaic (PV) absorbers in spite of their disordered nature. Disordered PV materials face a power conversion efficiency limit lower than the ideal Shockley-Queisser bound because of increased radiative recombination through band-tail states. However, investigations of band tailing in QD solar cells have been largely restricted to indirect measurements, leaving their ultimate efficiency in question. Here we use photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) to robustly characterize the absorption edge of lead sulfide (PbS) QD films for different bandgaps, ligands, and processing conditions used in leading devices. We also present a comprehensive overview of band tailing in many commercial and emerging PV technologies - including c-Si, GaAs, a-Si:H, CdTe, CIGS, and perovskites - then calculate detailed-balance efficiency limits incorporating Urbach band tailing for each technology. Our PDS measurements on PbS QDs show sharp exponential band tails, with Urbach energies of 22 ± 1 meV for iodide-treated films and 24 ± 1 meV for ethanedithiol-treated films, comparable to those of polycrystalline CdTe and CIGS films. From these results, we calculate a maximum efficiency of 31%, close to the ideal limit without band tailing. This finding suggests that disorder does not constrain the long-term potential of QD solar cells.
Effect of the Polymer Nature on the Structural Organization of Lipid/Polymer Particle Assemblies (2008)

The nano-organized LipoParticle assemblies, consisting of polymer particles coated with lipid layers, are investigated with the aim of evidencing the impact of the particle chemical nature on their physicochemical behavior. To this end, these colloidal systems are elaborated from anionic submicrometer poly(styrene) (P(St)) or poly(lactic acid) (PLA) particles, and lipid mixtures composed of zwitterionic 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and cationic 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DPTAP). As revealed by various experimental techniques, such as quasielastic light scattering, zeta potential measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, the features of both LipoParticle systems are similar when cationic lipid formulations (DPPC/DPTAP mixtures) are used. This result emphasizes the major role of electrostatic interactions as driving forces in the assembly elaboration process. Conversely, the assemblies prepared only with the zwitterionic DPPC lipid are strongly dependent on the particle chemical nature. The structural characteristics of the assemblies based on PLA particles are not controlled and correspond to aggregates, contrary to P(St) particles. To understand this specific phenomenon, and to consequently improve the final organization of these assemblies which are potentially of great interest in biotechnology and biomedicine, numerous investigations are carried out such as the studies of the impact of the ionic strength and the pH of the preparation media, as well as the presence of ethanol (involved in the PLA particle synthesis) or the mean size of the lipid vesicles. From the resulting data and according to the nature of spherical solid support, hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonds, or dipole-dipole interactions would also appear to influence the LipoParticle elaboration in the case of zwitterionic lipid formulation.
Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Induces Splenomegaly with Splenocyte Apoptosis (2022)

Little is known about the damage to the important peripheral immune organ spleen caused by Streptococcus suis infection. In this study, we found that S. suis induced splenomegaly and lymphocyte disruption in spleens of mice. To explore the mechanism of splenic lesions induced by S. suis, we conducted further studies. The results showed that S. suis induced apoptosis in B cells, which is related to the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Thus, S. suis induced apoptosis in the spleen through caspase-dependent and AIF-independent pathways. Inflammation lesions induced in the spleen of infected mice were also investigated; we found macrophages increased in histopathological lesions of infected spleens from 12 h postinoculation to 7 days postinoculation (dpi), and the type of increased macrophages was M1 type by confocal microscopy, which can secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, inflammasome NLRP3 and caspase-1 were activated, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was cleaved, which causes pyroptosis that may result in the release of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. What's more, the increase of p-JNK and p-p38 indicated that the MAPK pathway was also involved in the proinflammatory responses during S. suis infection, whereas anti-inflammatory responses in spleen were suppressed, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) upregulating at 1 dpi. Taken together, proinflammatory immune responses dominate in early infection, which induce splenomegaly and splenocyte apoptosis. This is the first report of mechanisms associated with S. suis-induced splenic lesions. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is considered an emerging pathogen and represents a threat to humans and animals. The spleen is an important peripheral immune organ, and splenomegaly is a consequence of lesions and an important clinical indicator of S. suis infection. However, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spleen lesions is still very limited. In the present work, we made the investigation to explain the phenomenon and the related immunomodulation in a mouse infection model. The obtained results show that inflammation contributes to splenomegaly, while apoptosis contributes to lymphocyte disruption in spleens. Related signaling pathways were discovered which have never been associated with S. suis-induced splenic injury. The new knowledge generated will help us better understand the mechanism of S. suis pathogenesis.
Development of Desktop Rehabilitation System for Upper Limb PLEMO-Z Second Prototype (2018)

In recent years, robotic systems that support rehabilitation of various paralyzed patients are being developed. However, since these systems are large in size and expensive, it is not easy to use them at home. In this paper, the powder brakes used for the development of an inexpensive and safe desktop-type rehabilitation system for people who have paralysis in upper limbs.
Identification and nucleotide sequence determination of a potential primer tRNA for reverse transcription of aDrosophilaretrotransposon,297 (1986)

Drosophila retrotransposons have been shown to have genes for enzymes similar to the reverse transcriptase of retroviruse. They may possibly be involved in genome replication on translocation (15). Identification was made of a primer tRNA for the putative reverse transcription of a Drosophila retrotransposon, 297, and its genomic counterparts using a homology to the putative primer binding site of 297. Our nucleotide sequence analysis indicated a species of Drosophila serine tRNA to have two distinct properties similar to those characteristic of retroviral primer tRNA: its 3'terminal 18 nucleotides are exactly complementary to the putative primer binding site of 297 and its 19th base from the 3' end is modified. These results appear to support the notion stated above and suggest this serine tRNA to be the most likely candidate for a potential primer tRNA of 297.
Biosynthesis of valanimycin. (1986)

In the biosynthesis of valanimycin, valine is mostly incorporated into the isobutyl moiety of the antibiotic. The alpha-substituted acrylic moiety of valanimycin is derived from alanine. However, a part of alanine is metabolized into valine, thus incorporated also into the isobutyl moiety. Anaerobic conditions and some reducing agents strongly inhibit the biosynthesis.
Abstract 5195: Modulating the UPR using the impridone ONC201 to change the impact of radiation on prostate cancer cells (2017)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the highest incidence non-cutaneous cancer in men, and a significant cause of cancer mortality. Localized disease is treated with surgery or radiotherapy and whilst androgen deprivation therapy can extend survival in the subset of cases that progress, metastatic disease is incurable. We have found that oncogenic drivers of prostate cancer, as well as therapy, lead to changes in the activation of prostate cancer cell stress signaling pathways and in particular the unfolded protein response (UPR). We have previously reported that the androgen receptor sustains the cytoprotective activity of the IRE1-XBP1 arm of the UPR and represses the activation of the PERK-ATF4 arm. We showed that treating prostate cancer cells with radiation leads to the activation of all three arms of the UPR, culminating in treatment resistance in surviving cells. In this study we assess whether the activation of the UPR in response to radiation mirrors the immunogenic/inflammatory response, which is known to occur in an initially acute apoptotic phase before resolving to a chronic sustainable level. Further we have evaluated the impact of combining radiation with ONC201, a novel anti-cancer small molecule in clinical trials that is an activator of the UPR, on the viability of prostate cancer. We find that ONC201 has a delayed cytotoxic effect as a single agent, with the impact on viability occurring from 72 hours onwards at low microMolar concentrations. However activation of multiple arms of the UPR occurs earlier and is detectable at 24 hours for ATF4, ATF6 and IRE1-XBP1 at the protein/mRNA levels. This time difference creates a window in which to introduce sequential administration of radiation to test ONC201 as a primer for cytotoxic response radiation. We have undertaken this work in a panel of cell-lines (PC3, DU145 and AR-expressing cell-lines) in which we have also knocked down key regulators (PERK, IRE1, CHOP) of separate arms of the UPR. This represents the first in vitro study to characterise the impact of ONC201 on the radiation-responsiveness of prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: Francesca Amoroso, Adam Pickard, Alice McNaney, Rohinton Tarapore, Joshua E. Allen, Ian G. Mills. Modulating the UPR using the impridone ONC201 to change the impact of radiation on prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5195. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5195
Fast simulation of non-steady state emission problems in energy conversion (1990)

Application of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the inversion of Laplace transforms is a recent development in the solution of the equations describing the behavior of chemical reactors. Chen and Hsu (1987) used the Fast Fourier Transform for the prediction of breakthrough curves of an isothermal fixed bed adsorber. The Fast Fourier Transform method has been further developed for the calculation of breakthrough curves in non-isothermal adsorbers (Mees et al., 1989). The purpose of this work is the application of this method to a practical engineering problem involving parameter estimation.
Supplemental Table S1 from YAP1 and COX2 Coordinately Regulate Urothelial Cancer Stem-like Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table S1. Relative expression of stem cell-related genes using RT2 profile PCR array.&lt;/p&gt;
Extended Temperature Range Measurements of Thermoluminescence due to Gd3+ Ions in CaF2 (1972)

Experimental thermoluminescence glow curves of CaF 2 crystals containing several different concentrations of Gd 3+ have been measured over the temperature range 4.2–600 K. Hole activation energies have been determhined by a least squares fit to the general order kinetics equation. The limitations of this type of analysis are discussed.
Various applications and background of 10&#x2013;200W 2.45GHz Microplasmas (2012)

This paper presents a microplasma ignition at 2.45GHz for various applications as well as spark plugs, plasma beams, low and high pressure lamps by using a three stage impedance transformer. The presented transformation network generates a very high voltage. Using this network, plasma ignition and sustainment are possible under atmospheric pressure, low pressure or even under very high pressure conditions. It could be shown in different tests that this concept holds true for power levels varying between 10W to 200W, offering various advantages for a variety of plasma applications at 2.45GHz.
<title>Understanding wavelet image compression</title> (1997)

It is shown that the high-resolution transform code framework is not appropriate to evaluate the performance of current image transform codes. The compression performance depends essentially on the precision of non-linear image approximations in the chosen orthogonal basis. At low bit rates, for a number of bit per pixel R that is below 1, the distortion is D(R) approximately R<SUP>1-2(gamma</SUP> ). The constant (gamma) is typically of the order of 1 for natural images decomposed in a wavelet basis.
Supplementary Figure 2 from An Antimesothelin-Monomethyl Auristatin E Conjugate with Potent Antitumor Activity in Ovarian, Pancreatic, and Mesothelioma Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2: IHC validation of anti-mesothelin antibody SP74.&lt;/p&gt;
Ion dispersion near parallel wire grids in orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry: predicting the effect of the approach angle on resolution (2002)

Ions experience small deflections in the vicinity of grids in accelerators and ion mirrors in time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers. Recent experiments with an orthogonal acceleration (oa) TOF instrument have verified that the effect can significantly degrade resolution when ions approach grids at an angle deviating from 90 °. The phenomenon becomes significant only when ions have components of velocity at right angles to the wires of the grids. A model is presented in this study to predict this phenomenon for parallel wire grids. The fractional energy spread of ions (calculated in the static TOF-spectrometer frame of reference) scales directly with the approach angle of ions to the grid (as measured from normal approach). The energy spread also scales with the range of angles that is a consequence of the focusing effect in each gap between the wires of the grid. The equations imply that closely spaced parallel wire grids are best for deployment in oa-TOF systems where non-zero approach angles are unavoidable. Such grids are relatively impractical to manufacture and support but rectangular repeat cell grids with relatively few wires at right angles to the source axis are shown experimentally to introduce minimal energy spread. When these grids are rotated by 90 °, the resolution measured in a Q-TOF spectrometer is degraded in approximate agreement with the parallel wire model. A practical implication of this work is that grid transmissions in oa-TOF systems may be significantly increased without loss of resolution. Improvements of ∼200% (V-mode) and ∼400% (W-mode) in ion transmission were obtained in this study without compromising resolution. This was achieved with ∼73% transmission grids and greater potential improvements in transmission are being realised since this study with ∼89% transmission grids having similar geometry. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved neural heuristics for multicast routing (1997)

Future networks must be adequately equipped to handle multipoint communication in a fast and economical manner. Services requiring such support include desktop video conferencing, tele-classrooms, distributed database applications, etc. In networks employing the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology, routing a multicast is achieved by constructing a minimum cost tree that spans the source and all the destinations. When the network is modeled as a weighted, undirected graph, the problem is that of finding a minimal Steiner tree for the graph, given a set of destinations. The problem is known to be NP-complete. Consequently, several heuristics exist which provide approximate solutions to the Steiner problem in networks, We show how the random neural network (RNN) can be used to significantly improve the quality of the Steiner trees delivered by the best available heuristics which are the minimum spanning tree heuristic and the average distance heuristic. We provide an empirical comparison and find that the heuristics which are modified using the neural network yield significantly improved trees.
Every Bit Counts: Second-Order Analysis of Cooperation in the\n Multiple-Access Channel (2021)

The work at hand presents a finite-blocklength analysis of the multiple\naccess channel (MAC) sum-rate under the cooperation facilitator (CF) model. The\nCF model, in which independent encoders coordinate through an intermediary\nnode, is known to show significant rate benefits, even when the rate of\ncooperation is limited. We continue this line of study for cooperation rates\nwhich are sub-linear in the blocklength $n$. Roughly speaking, our results show\nthat if the facilitator transmits $\\log{K}$ bits, there is a sum-rate benefit\nof order $\\sqrt{\\log{K}/n}$. This result extends across a wide range of $K$:\neven a single bit of cooperation is shown to provide a sum-rate benefit of\norder $1/\\sqrt{n}$.\n
High-throughput CAM based on a synchronous overlapped search scheme (2013)

A high-speed data-search mechanism, called a synchronous overlapped search mechanism (SOSM) that enables a next-word search after searching just a few bits of the current word by simple pre-computation in most cases, is introduced for a content-addressable memory (CAM). Since there are no delay elements in the proposed hardware based on the SOSM, the hardware is robust against timing variation, maintaining high-throughput computing under serious process variation. A 128×64-bit CAM is designed with considering 30% variations of threshold voltages under a 45nm CMOS technology and operates at 4.2× faster throughput than that of a conventional CAM with 12.3% energy overhead.
DESIGNING SIDEWALKS AND TRAILS FOR ACCESS, PART 2, BEST PRACTICES DESIGN GUIDE (2001)

This book, a companion to Designing Sidewalks and Trails, Part I, Review of Existing Guidelines and Practices, provides data on implementing the requirements of parts of two acts, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The book contains 19 chapters with the following chapter headings: 1. Introduction, 2. Understanding Sidewalk and Trail Users, 3. Integrating Pedestrians into the Project Planning Process, 4. Sidewalk Corridors, 5. Driveway Crossings, 6. Providing Information to Pedestrians, 7. Curb Ramps, 8. Pedestrian Crossings, 9. Traffic Calming, 10. Sidewalk Maintenance and Construction Site Safety, 11. Sidewalk Assessment, 12. Trail Planning, 13. Universal Trail Assessment Process, 14. Shared-Use Path Design, 15. Recreation Trail Design, 16. Trail Crossings, 17. Specialized Trails, 18. Trail Maintenance, and 19. Research Recommendations.
Membranes, Chromatography and Membrane Chromatography. Separation Technologies for the Biopharm and Nutraceutical Era (2017)

Membrane technology and process chromatography are widely used in the food, biopharmaceutical, nutraceutical and bioprocessing industries. Both techniques developed simultaneously and in parallel over the past few decades. The two technologies are complementary for the most part in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Membrane chromatography integrates membranes and chromatography into one versatile technology. The resulting synergy has advantages and largely eliminates the disadvantages of the individual techniques, the most important being pore diffusion, thus leading to higher throughputs. This review compares the principles and applications of membranes, chromatography and membrane chromatography and their individual and combined roles in bioseparations.