gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Using a Borehole Gravity Tool to Detect Fracture Systems at Reservoir Scale (2017)

Abstract In mature oil fields, water, steam, natural gas, and carbon dioxide are purposely injected into a reservoir to increase pore pressure on the oil, to lower the viscosity of heavy oil, and, ultimately, to increase the oil recovery factor. The placement of oil, water, and gas within the reservoir is highly dynamic and not easily predicted. Therefore, reservoir monitoring is key to improving sweep efficiency and oil recovery. Density is an important physical property for inferring oil, water, and gas saturation in a rock. Due to the density differences of oil, water, and gas, the saturation variation of each phase will have a direct impact on the measured gravity fields. The conventional well logging tool, gamma-gamma density, has a maximum depth of investigation (DOI) of 6 to 8in in open hole and greatly reduced accuracy in cased hole. A gravimeter, in contrast, yields a density measurement with inherently large DOI, where the DOI is determined by the vertical separation between pairs of differenced measurements of the acceleration due to gravity. For example, the DOI resulting from a pair of measurements separated by 3m will be approximately 4.5m. In this paper, we have conducted extensive simulations of using borehole gravity fields to monitor water flooding from injectors. In one scenario, we considered fracture systems within the reservoir typically identified by seismic methods; however, their impact on water flooding is not fully understood. Borehole imaging and production logging measurements clearly identify where fractures are along the borehole. However, due to their limited DOI, there is no clear picture about fractures farther from the borehole. Because the fractures are most probably filled with water and rock other than formation rock, which have a density different from that of the surrounding formation matrix, the borehole gravity field with its large DOI could provide useful information. To understand the response and the sensitivity of the borehole gravity measurements, we constructed a reservoir model with fractures of different sizes and locations within the modeled volume. From the lithology and fluid properties, density information was computed and propagated in the model. A vertical well was used as the survey location of the borehole gravity measurements. Both gravity and differential fields were calculated. The simulations were designed to address the following questions: Does the borehole gravity measurement have enough sensitivity to detect fractures within a reservoir?How far away from a borehole can fractures be accurately identified? This paper will present our simulation results and discuss their implication for reservoir fluid-front monitoring. Although borehole gravity measurements have not been used in reservoir monitoring, this study's results demonstrate the advantage of data acquisition with large DOI, which provides a huge operational benefit and cost-effective measurements to manage oil fields.
Supplementary Table from BAF Complex Maintains Glioma Stem Cells in Pediatric H3K27M Glioma (2023)

Supplementary Table from BAF Complex Maintains Glioma Stem Cells in Pediatric H3K27M Glioma
Abstract 15020: Treatment With Omecamtiv Mecarbil, a Cardiac Myosin Activator, Improves NT-proBNP in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Responder Analysis From COSMIC-HF (2017)

Introduction: Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a selective cardiac myosin activator that improves cardiac function without direct vascular or neurohormonal effects. Improvement in NT-proBNP, a marker of ...
Comprehensive characterization of Cysteine-rich protein-coding genes of Giardia lamblia and their role during antigenic variation (2022)

Giardia lamblia encodes several families of cysteine-rich proteins, including the Variant-specific Surface Proteins (VSPs) involved in the process of antigenic variation. Their characteristics, definition and relationships are still controversial. An exhaustive analysis of the Cys-rich families including organization, features, evolution and levels of expression was performed, by combining pattern searches and predictions with massive sequencing techniques. Thus, a new classification for Cys-rich proteins, genes and pseudogenes that better describes their involvement in Giardia's biology is presented. Moreover, three novel characteristics exclusive to the VSP genes, comprising an Initiator element/Kozak-like sequence, an extended polyadenylation signal and a unique pattern of mutually exclusive transcript accumulation are presented, as well as the finding that High Cysteine Membrane Proteins, upregulated under stress, may protect the parasite during VSP switching. These results allow better interpretation of previous reports providing the basis for further studies of the biology of this early-branching eukaryote.
Identification of novel targets of azithromycin activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in physiologically relevant media (2020)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> causes severe multidrug-resistant infections that often lead to bacteremia and sepsis. Physiologically relevant conditions can increase the susceptibility of pathogens to antibiotics, such as azithromycin (AZM). When compared to minimal-inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in laboratory media, AZM had a 16-fold lower MIC in tissue culture medium with 5% Mueller Hinton broth (MHB) and a 64-fold lower MIC in this tissue culture medium with 20% human serum. AZM also demonstrated increased synergy in combination with synthetic host-defense peptides DJK-5 and IDR-1018 under host-like conditions and in a murine abscess model. To mechanistically study the altered effects of AZM under physiologically relevant conditions, global transcriptional analysis was performed on <i>P. aeruginosa</i> with and without effective concentrations of AZM. This revealed that the <i>arn</i> operon, mediating arabinosaminylation of lipopolysaccharides and related regulatory systems, was down-regulated in host-like media when compared to MHB. Inactivation of genes within the <i>arn</i> operon led to increased susceptibility of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> to AZM and great increases in synergy between AZM and other antimicrobial agents, indicating that dysregulation of the <i>arn</i> operon might explain increased AZM uptake and synergy in host-like media. Furthermore, genes involved in central and energy metabolism and ribosome biogenesis were dysregulated more in physiologically relevant conditions treated with AZM, likely due to general changes in cell physiology as a result of the increased effectiveness of AZM in these conditions. These data suggest that, in addition to the <i>arn</i> operon, there are multiple factors in host-like environments that are responsible for observed changes in susceptibility.
Engineering Accreditation and Assessment [Education Column] (2012)

Members of the Antennas and Propagation Society who are on the faculty of a university likely are or will be involved in the accreditation process for their department or program. For the past ten years, I have coordinated the accreditation efforts of the Department of Electrical and Com puter Engineering at Brigham Young University. In this capacity, I have spent many hours dealing with the requirements for accreditation as laid out by ABET, the US accrediting body for engineering, computing, and applied sciences. It seems worthwhile as I leave that assignment to share a few thoughts about my experience with the engineering-program accreditation process.
Ionization Efficiency Curve (2016)

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Chemical Targeting of Rhodol Voltage Sensitive Dyes to Dopaminergic Neurons (2021)

Optical imaging of changes in membrane potential of living cells can be achieved by the means of fluorescent voltage sensitive dyes (VSDs). A particularly challenging task is to efficiently deliver these highly lipophilic probes to specific neuronal subpopulations in brain tissue. We have tackled this task by designing a solubilizing, hydrophilic polymer platform that carries a high-affinity ligand for a membrane protein marker of interest and a fluorescent VSD. Here, we disclose an improved design of polymer supported probes for chemical, non-genetic targeting of voltage sensors to axons natively expressing the dopamine transporter in ex vivo mouse brain tissue. We first show that for negatively charged rhodol VSDs functioning on the photoinduced electron transfer principle, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a carrier enables targeting with higher selectivity than the polysaccharide dextran in HEK cell culture. In the same experimental setting, we also demonstrate that incorporation of an azetidine ring in the rhodol chromophore substantially increases the brightness and voltage sensitivity of the respective VSD. We show that the superior properties of the optimized sensor are transferable to recording of electrically evoked activity from dopaminergic axons in mouse striatal slices after averaging of multiple trials. Finally, we suggest the next milestones for the field to achieve single-scan recordings with non-genetically targeted VSDs in native brain tissue.
Internet indirection infrastructure (2002)

Attempts to generalize the Internet's point-to-point communication abstraction to provide services like multicast, anycast, and mobility have faced challenging technical problems and deployment barriers. To ease the deployment of such services, this paper proposes an overlay-based Internet Indirection Infrastructure ( I3) that offers a rendezvous-based communication abstraction. Instead of explicitly sending a packet to a destination, each packet is associated with an identifier; this identifier is then used by the receiver to obtain delivery of the packet. This level of indirection decouples the act of sending from the act of receiving, and allows I3 to efficiently support a wide variety of fundamental communication services. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we have designed and built a prototype based on the Chord lookup protocol.
On the vulnerability of ECG verification to online presentation attacks (2017)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) has long been regarded as a biometric modality which is impractical to copy, clone, or spoof. However, it was recently shown that an ECG signal can be replayed from arbitrary waveform generators, computer sound cards, or off-the-shelf audio players. In this paper, we develop a novel presentation attack where a short template of the victim's ECG is captured by an attacker and used to map the attacker's ECG into the victim's, which can then be provided to the sensor using one of the above sources. Our approach involves exploiting ECG models, characterizing the differences between ECG signals, and developing mapping functions that transform any ECG into one that closely matches an authentic user's ECG. Our proposed approach, which can operate online or on-the-fly, is compared with a more ideal offline scenario where the attacker has more time and resources. In our experiments, the offline approach achieves average success rates of 97.43% and 94.17% for non-fiducial and fiducial based ECG authentication. In the online scenario, the performance is de-graded by 5.65% for non-fiducial based authentication, but is nearly unaffected for fiducial authentication.
Evaluation of Error Recovery Blocks Used for Cooperating Processes (1984)

Three alternatives for implementing recovery blocks (RB's) are conceivable for backward error recovery in concurrent processing. These are the asynchronous, synchronous, and the pseudorecovery point implementations. Asynchronous RB's are based on the concept of maximum autonomy in each of concurrent processes. Consequently, establishment of RB's in a process is made independently of others and unbounded rollback propagations become a serious problem. In order to completely avoid unbounded rollback propagations, it is necessary to synchronize the establishment of recovery blocks in all cooperating processes. Process autonomy is sacrificed and processes are forced to wait for commitments from others to establish a recovery line, leading to inefficiency in time utilization. As a compromise between asynchronous and synchronous RB's we propose to insert pseudorecovery points (PRP's) so that unbounded rollback propagations may be avoided while maintaining process autonomy. We developed probabilistic models for analyzing these three methods under standard assumptions in computer performance analysis, i.e., exponential distributions for related random variables. With these models we have estimated 1) the interval between two successive recovery lines for asynchronous RB's, 2) mean loss in computation power for the synchronized method, and 3) additional overhead and rollback distance in case PRP's are used.
Efficient Preamble Structures for MIMO OFDM-Based WLAN Systems (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new preamble structure for channel estimation in a MIMO OFDM-based WLAN system. Both backward compatibility with IEEE 802.11 a and low overhead are considered for the preamble design. Simulation results show that the proposed preamble has low overhead and good performance gain for channel estimation.
Mimicking Horseradish Peroxidase and NADH Peroxidase by Heterogeneous Cu2+-Modified Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles (2017)

Cu<sup>2+</sup>-ion-modified graphene oxide nanoparticles, Cu<sup>2+</sup>-GO NPs, act as a heterogeneous catalyst mimicking functions of horseradish peroxidase, HRP, and of NADH peroxidase. The Cu<sup>2+</sup>-GO NPs catalyze the oxidation of dopamine to aminochrome by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and catalyze the generation of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The Cu<sup>2+</sup>-GO NPs provide an active material for the chemiluminescence detection of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and allow the probing of the activity of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-generating oxidases and the detection of their substrates. This is exemplified with detecting glucose by the aerobic oxidation of glucose by glucose oxidase and the Cu<sup>2+</sup>-GO NP-stimulated chemiluminescence intensity generated by the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> product. Similarly, the Cu<sup>2+</sup>-GO NPs catalyze the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidation of NADH to the biologically active NAD<sup>+</sup> cofactor. This catalytic system allows its conjugation to biocatalytic transformations involving NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent enzyme, as exemplified for the alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid through the Cu<sup>2+</sup>-GO NPs-catalyzed regeneration of NAD<sup>+</sup>.
Calcium, strontium, and barium cyclo-octatetraenediyl complexes: synthesis of a stable phosphacyclopropane (structurally authenticated) (1989)

Cocondensation of calcium, strontium, or barium vapours with excess cot (cyclo-octatetraene) and thf (tetrahydrofuran) affords sparingly thf-soluble, pyrophoric M(cot)(thf)n(1), which decomposes at ca. 60 °C in vacuo to M(cot)(2), M = Ca, Sr, or Ba; reactions of (2) with some organic halides are reported along with formation of a pyridine adduct, M(cot)(pyridine)n(3), and from (2) and RPCl2 the synthesis of a thermally stable phosphacyclopropane, RP(C8H8)[R = Ph2C(C5H4N-2)].
MINIMISING INFECTION RISK: THE FACTORS INFLUENCING (2018)

Among the most critical factors to reducing the risk of infection include the use of pre-incisional antibiotics, appropriate skin preparation with clippers (as opposed to a razor for hair removal) ...
Effects of Carrier Phase Estimation on Front-end IQ Mismatch Compensation in DP-QPSK Coherent Receiver (2013)

We investigate and compare effects of carrier phase estimation on IQ mismatch compensation. Decision-directed carrier phase estimator could compensate significant amount of IQ mismatch without employing additional compensation technique, and relaxes requirement of ADC resolution.
Generation of TCR-Engineered T Cells and Their Use To Control the Performance of T Cell Assays (2015)

The systematic assessment of the human immune system bears huge potential to guide rational development of novel immunotherapies and clinical decision making. Multiple assays to monitor the quantity, phenotype, and function of Ag-specific T cells are commonly used to unravel patients' immune signatures in various disease settings and during therapeutic interventions. When compared with tests measuring soluble analytes, cellular immune assays have a higher variation, which is a major technical factor limiting their broad adoption in clinical immunology. The key solution may arise from continuous control of assay performance using TCR-engineered reference samples. We developed a simple, stable, robust, and scalable technology to generate reference samples that contain defined numbers of functional Ag-specific T cells. First, we show that RNA-engineered lymphocytes, equipped with selected TCRs, can repetitively deliver functional readouts of a controlled size across multiple assay platforms. We further describe a concept for the application of TCR-engineered reference samples to keep assay performance within or across institutions under tight control. Finally, we provide evidence that these novel control reagents can sensitively detect assay variation resulting from typical sources of error, such as low cell quality, loss of reagent stability, suboptimal hardware settings, or inaccurate gating.
Copolymerization Effects of Non-Mesogenic Components on the Characteristics of Liquid Crystalline Side-Chain Polymers (1994)

Abstract The effects of copolymerization with non-mesogenic components on liquid crystalline side-chain polymers (LCSP) were studied from the point of view of improvements of thermal and electro-optical characteristics in applications to display and recording devices. LCSPs were designed and synthesized from cyanobiphenyl acrylate monomers with two different alkyl-oxy spacer lengths (C6 or C11/abbreviated as 6CBA and 11CBA, respectively) and from various acrylate or methacrylate monomers. Micro-phase separation phenomena were observed in polymers having non-mesogenic components. The effects of copolymerization of acrylate non-mesogenic monomer (NMM) were compared with those of methacrylate NMM on these phenomena. The results indicate that the degrees and stabilities of micro-phase separation of copolymers consisting of methacrylate NMM were observed to be higher than those with acrylate NMM. Stabilities ofthe mesophase of individual mesomorphic droplets were found to decrease with increasing non-mesogenic monomer content. This unstabilized effect was found to be more pronounced in LCSP with acrylates as the NMM component than in those with methacrylates. All the LCSPs except the 11CBA homopolymer were found to respond to an applied electric field.
Impact of axisymmetric deformation on MR elastography of a nonlinear tissue-mimicking material and implications in peri-tumour stiffness quantification (2021)

Solid tumour growth is often associated with the accumulation of mechanical stresses acting on the surrounding host tissue. Due to tissue nonlinearity, the shear modulus of the peri-tumoural region inherits a signature from the tumour expansion which depends on multiple factors, including the soft tissue constitutive behaviour and its stress/strain state. Shear waves used in MR-elastography (MRE) sense the apparent change in shear modulus along their propagation direction, thereby probing the anisotropic stiffness field around the tumour. We developed an analytical framework for a heterogeneous shear modulus distribution using a thick-shelled sphere approximation of the tumour and soft tissue ensemble. A hyperelastic material (plastisol) was identified to validate the proposed theory in a phantom setting. A balloon-catheter connected to a pressure sensor was used to replicate the stress generated from tumour pressure and growth while MRE data were acquired. The shear modulus anisotropy retrieved from the reconstructed elastography data confirmed the analytically predicted patterns at various levels of inflation. An alternative measure, combining the generated deformation and the local wave direction and independent of the reconstruction strategy, was also proposed to correlate the analytical findings with the stretch probed by the waves. Overall, this work demonstrates that MRE in combination with non-linear mechanics, is able to identify the apparent shear modulus variation arising from the strain generated by a growth within tissue, such as an idealised model of tumour. Investigation in real tissue represents the next step to further investigate the implications of endogenous forces in tissue characterisation through MRE.
Adenine nucleotides as allosteric effectors of PEA seed glutamine synthetase (1986)

The energy charge in the plant cell has been proposed as a regulator of glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. The authors have shown that 2.1 moles of ..gamma..(/sup 32/P)-ATP were bound/mole subunits of purified pea seed GS during complete inactivation with methionine sulfoximine. Since GS has one active site per subunit, the second binding site provides the potential for allosteric regulation of GS by adenine nucleotides. The authors have investigated the inhibition of the ATP-dependent synthetic activity by ADP and AMP. ADP and AMP cannot completely inhibit GS; but ATP does overcome the inhibition by ADP and AMP as shown by plots of % inhibition vs inhibitor concentration. This indicates that inhibition of GS by ADP or AMP is not completely due to competitive inhibition. In the absence of ADP or AMP, double reciprocal plots for ATP are linear below 10 mM; however, in the presence of either ADP or AMP these pots are curvilinear downwards. The ratio of Vm/asymptote is less than 1. The Hill number for ATP in the absence of ADP or AMP is 0.93 but decreases with increasing ADP or AMP to a value of 0.28 with 10 mM ADP. These data are consistent with negative cooperativitymore » by ADP and AMP. Thus, as the ADP/ATP or AMP/ATP ratios are increased GS activity decreases. This is consistent with regulation of GS activity by energy charge in planta.« less
Prediction of Outcomes in Mild Cognitive Impairment by Using 18F-FDG-PET: A Multicenter Study (2015)

The PET score is the most statistically significant predictive factor for conversion from MCI to AD, and the diagnostic performance of the PET score is more promising for rapid converters over 2 years.