gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An iterative solution to the finite-time linear quadratic optimal feedback control problem (2005)

Saridis's successive approximation theory is applied to the finite-time linear quadratic optimal control problem. The result is an iterative scheme which successively improves any initial control law ultimately converging to the optimal state feedback control. The novelty of the approach is that the solution of a nonlinear Riccati equation is replaced by the successive solution to a linear Lyapunov equation. Numerical examples illustrate the approach.
Reactor with advanced architecture for the electrochemical reaction of CO2, CO and other chemical compounds (2023)

A platform technology that uses a novel membrane electrode assembly including a cathode layer comprising a reduction catalyst and a first anion-and-cation-conducting polymer, an anode layer comprising an oxidation catalyst and a cation-conducting polymer, a membrane layer comprising a cation-conducting polymer, the membrane layer arranged between the cathode layer and the anode layer and conductively connecting the cathode layer and the anode layer, in a COx reduction reactor has been developed. The reactor can be used to synthesize a broad range of carbon-based compounds from carbon dioxide.
First Prize (Tie): Dual-Energy Computed Tomography with Advanced Postimage Acquisition Data Processing: Improved Determination of Urinary Stone Composition (2010)

Dual-energy multidetector CT with postprocessing techniques allows for accurate discrimination among the main different subtypes of urinary calculi in an in vitro model. The ability to better detect stone composition may have implications in determining the optimum clinical treatment modality for urinary calculi from noninvasive, preprocedure radiological assessment.
Human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of the tachykinin NK1 antagonist radioligand [18F]SPA-RQ: comparison of thin-slice, bisected, and 2-dimensional planar image analysis. (2007)

Insofar as effective dose is an accurate measure of radiation risk, all 3 methods of analysis provided quite similar estimates of risk to human subjects. The radiation dose was moderate and would potentially allow subjects to receive multiple PET scans in a single year. Individual organ exposures varied among the 3 methods, especially for structures asymmetrically located in an anterior or posterior position. Bisected and 2D planar images almost always provided higher organ dose estimates than thin-slice images. Thus, either the bisected or 2D planar method of analysis appears acceptable for quantifying human radiation burden, at least for radioligands with a relatively broad distribution in the body and not concentrated in a small number of radiation sensitive organs.
LILRB1 and LILRB2 expression in peripheral blood immune cells at 18 and 24 months of age in infants born from mothers with placental malaria (2021)

Abstract Background Placental malaria (PM) is associated with a higher susceptibility of infants to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria. A hypothesis of immune tolerance has been suggested but no clear explanation has been provided so far. Our goal was to investigate the involvement of inhibitory receptors LILRB1 and LILRB2, known to drive immune evasion upon ligation with pathogen and/or host ligands, in PM-induced immune tolerance. Methods Infants of mothers with or without PM were enrolled in Allada, southern Benin, and followed-up for 24 months. Antibodies with specificity for five blood stage parasite antigens were quantified by ELISA, and the frequency of immune cell subsets was quantified by flow cytometry. LILRB1 or LILRB2 expression was assessed on cells collected at 18 and 24 months of age. Results Infants born to PM-mothers had a higher risk of developing clinical malaria than those born to mothers without PM (IRR=1.53, p=0.040), and such infants displayed a lower frequency of non-classical monocytes (OR=0.74, p=0.01) that overexpressed LILRB2 (OR=1.36, p=0.002). Moreover, infants born to PM-mothers had lower levels of cytophilic IgG and higher levels of IL-10 during active infection. Conclusion Modulation of IgG and IL-10 levels could impair monocyte functions (opsonisation/phagocytosis) in infants born to PM-mothers, possibly contributing to their higher susceptibility to malaria. The long-lasting effect of PM on infants’ monocytes was notable, raising questions about the capacity of ligands such as Rifins or HLA-I molecules to bind to LILRB1 and LILRB2 and to modulate immune responses, and about the reprogramming of neonatal monocytes/macrophages. KEY POINTS Infants of mothers with placental malaria were more susceptible to clinical malaria than those born to mothers without placental malaria and they displayed a lower frequency of non-classical monocytes that overexpressed LILRB2.
Bi-component inorganic oxide nanofibers from gas jet fiber spinning process (2015)

Bi-component semiconducting metal oxide nanofibers with core–shell and side-by-side morphologies in mesoporous or solid cylindrical shapes are produced by gas-jet fiber process.
Physical Map of Human 6p21.2–6p21.3: Region Flanking the Centromeric End of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (1998)

We have physically mapped and cloned a 2.5-Mb chromosomal segment flanking the centromeric end of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We characterized in detail 27 YACs, 144 cosmids, 51 PACs, and 5 BACs, which will facilitate the complete genomic sequencing of this region of chromosome 6. The contig contains the genes encoding CSBP, p21, HSU09564 serine kinase, ZNF76, TCP-11, RPS10, HMGI(Y), BAK, and the human homolog of Tctex-7 (HSET). The GLO1 gene was mapped further centromeric in the 6p21.2-6p21.1 region toward TCTE-1. The gene order of the GLO1-HMGI(Y) segment in respect to the centromere is similar to the gene order in the mouse t-chromosome distal inversion, indicating that there is conservation in gene content but not gene order between humans and mice in this region. The close linkage of the BAK and CSBP genes to the MHC is of interest because of their possible involvement in autoimmune disease.
Nonholonomic path planning for pushing a disk among obstacles (2002)

We consider the path-planning problem for a robot pushing an object in an environment containing obstacles. This new variant of the classical robot path-planning problem has several interesting geometric aspects, which we explore. We focus on the setting where the robot makes a point contact with the object which is assumed to be a unit disk, while the obstacles are assumed to be polygonal.
Structural motif of polyglutamine amyloid fibrils discerned with mixed-isotope infrared spectroscopy (2014)

Polyglutamine (polyQ) sequences are found in a variety of proteins, and mutational expansion of the polyQ tract is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. We study the amyloid fibril structure and aggregation kinetics of K2Q24K2W, a model polyQ sequence. Two structures have been proposed for amyloid fibrils formed by polyQ peptides. By forming fibrils composed of both (12)C and (13)C monomers, made possible by protein expression in Escherichia coli, we can restrict vibrational delocalization to measure 2D IR spectra of individual monomers within the fibrils. The spectra are consistent with a β-turn structure in which each monomer forms an antiparallel hairpin and donates two strands to a single β-sheet. Calculated spectra from atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations of the two proposed structures confirm the assignment. No spectroscopically distinct intermediates are observed in rapid-scan 2D IR kinetics measurements, suggesting that aggregation is highly cooperative. Although 2D IR spectroscopy has advantages over linear techniques, the isotope-mixing strategy will also be useful with standard Fourier transform IR spectroscopy.
Anomalous Transition in Charge Transport Behavior of Polysilane (1995)

Anomalous transition of the dispersion parameter α was observed for the first time in poly( n -butyl- n -pentylsilane) (PBPS). Time-of-flight photocurrent ( I ) of PBPS was measured. The photocurrent transient was dispersive: I ∝ t -(1-α) . The dispersion parameter α dropped around the glass transition temperature T g with increasing temperature, and became temperature-independent above T g . The mobility was described within the framework of a formalism based on disorder due to Bässler and coworkers. Both the diagonal disorder parameter σ, the variance of the density of states, and the off-diagonal disorder parameter Σ, the degree of positional disorder, decreased around T g . Nevertheless the ratio of the off-diagonal disorder parameter Σ to the diagonal disorder parameter σ was found to increase above the transition temperature. This anomalous transition is rationalized by the assumption that the off-diagonal disorder dominates charge transport in PBPS above T g .
Synthesis, stereochemistry and anti‐tetrabenazine activity of bicyclo analogues of 2‐phenylmorpholines (1997)

Abstract A series of bicyclo analogues of several 2‐phenylmorpholines were synthesized and tested for anti‐tetrabenazine activity in mice. Most of the target compounds were prepared by reaction of 2‐bromopropio‐phenone ( 22 ) with the appropriate amino alcohol to form 2‐phenylmorpholinols. Reduction of the 2‐phenyl‐morpholinols with sodium borohydride gave amino diols, which were cyclized to morpholines with acid. Alternatively, oxazines 17 and 18 were synthesized by alkylation of phenyl‐(2‐pyrrolo)carbinol (32a) and phenyl‐(2‐piperidyl)carbinol (32b) with 2‐bromoethanol, followed by cyclization of the resulting amino diols with acid. Only the spirocyclic compounds 8 and 9 had i.p. anti‐tetrabenazine activity comparable to the non‐cyclic compounds 2a‐3b , but 8 and 9 were less active by the oral route of administration.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Tolypothrix Pentaether via a Bis(γ‐ butyrolactone) → 1,3,7,9‐Tetraol Route. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Review of gate‐level differential power analysis and fault analysis countermeasures (2013)

Hardware implementation of modern crypto devices paves the way for a special type of cryptanalysis, which is known as side channel analysis (SCA) attacks. These attacks are designed to extract critical information from the physical leakage of the digital circuitry such as the power consumption and electromagnetic emissions. Differential power analysis (DPA) attacks are considered the most efficient form of SCA attacks that require special types of countermeasures. Another form of attacks, known as fault analysis (FA), is based on forcing the circuit to produce faulty results in order to extract useful information about the secret. Several countermeasures have been proposed in the literature to address and mitigate SCA attacks at different levels of abstraction. They include algorithmic, gate and transistor‐level countermeasures. Leakage originates at every level according to the implemented crypto system and attack methodology. Countermeasures at gate level and transistor level are more generic than those at the algorithmic level as they tend to be specialised for certain implementations. Complication of the design process increases down to the basic abstraction layers, however, gate‐level countermeasures provide the balance of generality and design complication. The major state‐of‐the‐art gate‐level countermeasures against DPA and FA attacks are reviewed here.
Via first approach optimisation for Through Silicon Via applications (2009)

Through silicon via (TSV) is a very attractive solution for 3D stacking. Currently the main technique in industrial TSV processes is the via-last approach. But the via-first approach has also many advantages and in particular allows the use of high thermal budget materials for high voltage applications. In this work, we will show results on process development and integration of 100 mum deep annular TSVs in thick silicon on insulator (SOI) or on bulk substrate, with final validation through electrical characterizations. First the complete process will be presented for both approaches. Then, process development work and issues will be addressed. A special focus will be done on etching in the SOI case. A 3-step deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) was developed, as the BOX etch profile can induce some undercut leading to voids during the via filling step. The via sidewall isolation is discussed, with comparisons of different materials, including thermal oxide and high temperature oxide (HTO) or even a mix of these oxides. Results will be presented including breakdown field and thickness conformity on via side walls.Filling with highly doped poly silicon is compared to tungsten. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is then used to planarize the surface to optimize the surface topology for the subsequent semiconductor process. The backside process is also discussed, from the point of view of the optimization of the thinning, stress release and surface finishing techniques to facilitate the backside contact and metallization processes. All the process steps are optimized to achieve a TSV with the best shape to minimize weak points for leakage and breakdown voltage to be able to handle high voltages in the region of 200 V. Simulation is also used to study the relative impact of different local TSV profiles on the final electric field and then optimize the process. Then electrical characterizations will be presented. A specific test vehicle was designed to study the TSV density and proximity impact, number of rings and ring width. Daisy chains, specific structures to measure TSV resistance similar to Kelvin structures, interdigitated chains to measure via leakage, and special structures to stress at very high voltage (up to 1000 V), were designed. The electrical results from those specific structures will be discussed. Finally, future developments will be discussed, in particular the integration of these TSVs in a real high-voltage semiconductor process.
Secure control of portable images in a virtual computing utility (2008)

A virtual computing utility hosts guest virtual machines on server provider sites. Each VM is an instantiation of some image or virtual appliance, which might be supplied by the VM owner or a third-party image provider. This paper addresses the problem of establishing a secure channel between a VM and an automated controller running on behalf of the VM's authorized owner. A secure channel is an essential toehold for post-install actions by the controller to adapt the VM to its local environment, join it to an application service, and/or monitor and control its execution.
Impact of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) on Employee Competencies and Innovation (2014)

Globalisation has redefined the rules of competition, and skilled labour is a deciding factor. Especially in fast-paced knowledge-based economies, there is greater dependence on knowledge, information and high skill levels, which also play a key role in innovation. It is therefore in the interest not only of corporations but also of individual persons to not only retain existing knowledge, but continuously enhance it, by expanding it and utilizing it more efficiently - in other words to expand their competencies. Competent people are the key to future success and offer organizations their only sustainable competitive advantage. Among the plethora of available tools to enhance employee competencies, Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) are an emerging phenomenon. They have taken the world by storm the last years, and very recently they also started penetrating the corporate environments. As MOOCs are still at a very early stage,mostly the last two years their models and impact are starting to be analysed in scientific articles. Our efforts in this work focus exactly on this white-spot area i.e. the usage of MOOCs on modern enterprises within the scope of employee competency enhancement. The purpose of this work is to understand the exact impact that MOOCs can have on the workforce and especially to innovation which is a key competitive advantage for any corporation is of paramount importance in knowledge economies. To achieve our goal, we initially discuss and provide evidence on the theoretical positive contribution of the key competencies via more traditional means and their link to innovation. Subsequently we formulate hypotheses which we then evaluate following a quantitative methodology. Via a survey we gather empirical data and analyse them via structural equation modelling. The result is the empirical validation of some of our initial hypotheses. More specifically all key employee MOOC-empowered competencies under the factors of Knowledge, Technology, Cost, Communication and Culture have a considerable impact on innovation. Although also Leadership, Strategy and People have a positive impact, it is not seen as being significant. Our hope is that the results of this work will spark further and deeper investigations on the role that MOOCs can play for the employees in modern enterprises and how all stakeholders can benefit.
A Novel Non-Isolated Multi-Port DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Streetcar Application (2021)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in DC-DC multi-port power converters for transportation applications. Multi-port converters benefit from fewer components compared to multiple-converter architectures. As a result, higher power density and lower prices are among the main incentives for utilizing multi-port DC-DC converters in transportation sector. Moreover, fuel cell is among the permissible green energy resources that has been broadly considered for transportation applications. This paper proposes a novel multi-port converter for fuel cell-based hybrid streetcar application. Furthermore, an energy management scheme has been proposed for the presented multi-port converter to achieve the suitable modes of operation. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-port converter and the presented energy management scheme. Power loss analysis for this converter are provided and efficiencies of 92.7% and 95.1% for two- and single-stage modes are recorded, respectively.
Implantable Intravascular Defibrillator: Evaluation of Defibrillation Waveforms with Inferior Vena Cava Electrode System (2011)

In canines, a totally intravascular implantable defibrillator with electrodes in the RV apex, SVC, and IVC had a DFT similar to that of standard nonthoracotomy lead systems. No significant effect was noted with changes in tilt or with balanced or unbalanced waveforms.
Optical anisotropy of pyroelectric liquid crystalline polymer films: numerical modeling and m-line characterization (1998)

M-line measurements have been performed on thin films of pyroelectric liquid crystalline polymers (PLCP), in order to determine the magnitude and anisotropy of the refractive index. The films, polymerized under various conditions, are based on materials exhibiting a chiral smectic C phase. The results of the measurements were analyzed and compared with a new numerical method to model the optical properties of anisotropic multilayered thin films. In the model, which is an extension of the analytical approach of Berreman, the eigenmodes and boundary conditions of refracted light waves are handled and solved by numerical matrix manipulations. Model calculations of total reflection measurements for various multi-layered systems were used to investigate the effect of ITO and polyimide aligning layers to the apparent effective index of m-lines.
A router architecture for real-time communication in multicomputer networks (1998)

Parallel machines have the potential to satisfy the large computational demands of real-time applications. These applications require a predictable communication network, where time-constrained traffic requires bounds on throughput and latency, while good average performance suffices for best-effort packets. This paper presents a new router architecture that tailors low-level routing, switching, arbitration, flow-control, and deadlock-avoidance policies to the conflicting demands of each traffic class. The router implements bandwidth regulation and deadline-based scheduling, with packet switching and table-driven multicast routing, to bound end-to-end delay and buffer requirements for time-constrained traffic while allowing best-effort traffic to capitalize on the low-latency routing and switching schemes common in modern parallel machines. To limit the cost of servicing time-constrained traffic, the router includes a novel packet scheduler that shares link-scheduling logic across the multiple output ports, while masking the effects of dock rollover on the representation of packet eligibility times and deadlines. Using the Verilog hardware description language and the Epoch silicon compiler, we demonstrate that the router design meets the performance goals of both traffic classes in a single-chip solution. Verilog simulation experiments on a detailed timing model of the chip show how the implementation and performance properties of the packet scheduler scale over a range of architectural parameters.
Dipolarity versus Polarizability and Acidity versus Basicity of Ionic Liquids as a Function of Their Molecular Structures (2014)

The four empirical solvent polarity parameters according to the Catalán scale--solvent acidity (SA), solvent basicity (SB), solvent polarizability (SP), and solvent dipolarity (SdP)--of 64 ionic liquids (ILs) were determined by the solvatochromic method. The SA parameter was determined solely by using [Fe(II)(1,10-phenanthroline)2(CN)2] (Fe), the SB parameter by using the pair of structurally comparable dyes 3-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-7-phenylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-2,6-dione (ABF) and 3-(4-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-7-phenylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']-difuran-2,6-dione (DMe-ABF), and the SP and SdP parameters by using the homomorphic pair of 4-tert-butyl-2-(dicyanomethylene)-5-[4-(diethylamino)benzylidene]-Δ(3)-thiazoline (Th) and 2-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzylidene]malononitrile (BMN). The separation of SP and SdP for a set of 64 various ILs was performed for the first time. Correlation analyses of SP with physicochemical data related to ionization potentials of anions of ILs as well as with theoretical data show the correctness of the applied method. The found correlations of the Catalán parameters with each other and with the alkyl-chain length of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-type ILs gives new information about interactions within ILs. An analytical comparison of the determined Catalán parameters with the established Kamlet-Taft parameters and the Gutmann acceptor and donor numbers is also presented.
Agent model of C2C communications in urban environments (2008)

C2C (car to car) technology studies the communication between cars, related to security issues, warning of incidents or mere exchange of different types of information. Future cars will have the ability to communicate to other cars and roadside data systems to spread information about congestion, road conditions and accidents. They will also access travel-related Internet services, publicity from business nearby, tourist information or even exchange user files. In this paper a highly configurable agent based simulator that models communication between cars in a city environment will be presented. Using it, different measurements will be taken, which will allow us to analyze this technology in different scenarios.