gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In‐vitro‐Selektion spezifisch ligandenbindender Nucleinsäuren (1992)

Abstract In‐vitro‐Selektion ist eine Methode, mit der gleichzeitig eine sehr große Zahl verschiedener Nucleinsäuremoleküle auf bestimmte Eigenschaften hin, z.B. Bindungsverhalten oder katalytische Eigenschaften, untersucht werden kann; ferner ist die Isolierung der sehr seltenen funktionellen Moleküle möglich. Mit dieser Technik wurden zum Beispiel die Bindungsstellen für Proteine an Nucleinsäuren untersucht, um Informationen über Protein‐Nucleinsäure‐Wechselwirkungen zu erhalten. Struktur und Funktion katalytischer RNA („Ribozyme”︁) wurden mit in‐vitro‐Selektion studiert; diese Untersuchungen führten zu neuen Ribozymen mit verbesserter katalytischer Aktivität. Auch die Substratspezifität katalytischer RNA konnte verändert werden, wobei DNA‐spaltende Ribozyme erhalten wurden. Schließlich gelang die Isolierung von Nucleinsäuren, die spezifisch bestimmte „kleine”︁ organische Moleküle binden, sowie von RNA‐Molekülen, die Tripelhelices mit Doppelstrang‐DNA bilden. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir Hintergrund, Design und Ergebnisse von genetischen in‐vitro‐Experimenten, die eine Brücke schlagen zwischen biochemisch‐molekularbiologischen und organischchemischen Studien zur molekularen Erkennung.
CD43Lo classical monocytes participate in the cellular immune response to isolated primary blast lung injury (2016)

This study reveals a robust and selective response of CD43Lo/His48Hi (classical) monocytes, in addition to neutrophils, in blood and lung tissue following PBLI. An increase in monocyte-macrophages was also observed in the spleen at 6 hours. This profile of immune cells in the blood and BALF could present a new research tool for translational studies seeking to monitor, assess, or attenuate the immune response in blast-injured patients.
A wall-flow-direction probe for use in separating and reattaching flows (1978)

The measurement of the exceedingly unsteady behavior of nominally two-dimensional, turbulent flows in regions of separation and reattachment is facilitated by the development of a new instrument; the wall-flow-direction probe which determines the instantaneous flow direction (upstream or downstream) in a thin layer of fluid very close to the wall. The probe was tested in low-speed, unsteady, separating and reattaching air flows. It appears to offer considerably more accuracy than other methods for the determination of the time mean separation and reattachment points. In addition, the probe and its control circuits are relatively inexpensive and easy to construct. (Author)
Effect of Different Weighting Agents on Drilling Fluids and Filter Cake Properties in Sandstone Formations (2021)

Weighting agents such as barite, micromax, ilmenite, and hematite are commonly added to drilling fluids to produce high-density fluids that could be used to drill deep oil and gas wells. Increasing the drilling fluid density leads to highly conspicuous fluctuation in the drilling fluid characteristics. In this study, the variation in the drilling fluid's rheological and filtration properties induced by adding different weighting agents was evaluated. For this purpose, several water-based drilling fluid samples were prepared and weighted up using the same concentration of various weighting materials including barite, micromax, ilmenite, and hematite. The characteristics of the used weighting agents' (particle size distribution and mineralogy) were measured. Subsequently, the rheological properties of the drilling fluid were obtained using a Fann viscometer at 80 °F. The filtration test was carried out at 200 °F and 300 psi differential pressure to form a filter cake over the sandstone core samples. The properties of the formed filter cake layer such as thickness, porosity, and permeability were determined. Furthermore, the typical properties of core samples including porosity and permeability were assessed before and after the filtration test. The displayed results confirmed that the plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and filter cake sealing properties were all significantly influenced by the ratio of the large to fine particle size (D<sub>90</sub>/D<sub>10</sub>) of the weighting agents irrespective of the weighting material type. Among the examined weighting agents, barite showed novel potency to control both rheological and filter cake properties for 14 ppg drilling fluid. The results showed that D<sub>90</sub>/D<sub>10</sub> is a key factor for the PV and YP properties as increasing the D<sub>90</sub>/D<sub>10</sub> ratio caused PV increase and YP decrease, which indicated that the interaction among the loaded weighting materials in the drilling fluid dominated its viscosity.
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline-Based Selective Human Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Inhibitors: Lead Optimization Studies Resulting in the Identification ofN-(1-(2-(Methylamino)ethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)thiophene-2-carboximidamide as a Preclinical Development Candidate (2012)

Numerous studies have shown that selective nNOS inhibitors could be therapeutic in many neurological disorders. Previously, we reported a series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-based potent and selective nNOS inhibitors, highlighted by 1 ( J. Med. Chem. 2011 , 54 , 5562 - 5575 ). Despite showing activity in two rodent pain models, 1 suffered from low oral bioavailability (18%) and moderate hERG channel inhibition (IC(50) = 4.7 μM). To optimize the properties of 1, we synthesized a small focused library containing various alkylamino groups on the 1-position of the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline scaffold. The compounds were triaged based on their activity in the NOS and hERG manual patch clamp assays and their calculated physicochemical parameters. From these studies, we identified 47 as a potent and selective nNOS inhibitor with improved oral bioavailability (60%) and no hERG channel inhibition (IC(50) > 30 μM). Furthermore, 47 was efficacious in the Chung model of neuropathic pain and has an excellent safety profile, making it a promising preclinical development candidate.
Protective effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HaCaT human skin keratinocytes (2017)

Oxidative stress due to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the risk factors for the development of several chronic diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> rhizome ethanol extract (SBRE) against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in the HaCaT human skin keratinocyte cell line. Our results revealed that treatment with SBRE prior to hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) exposure significantly increased viability of HaCaT cells. SBRE also effectively attenuated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced comet tail formation and inhibited the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced phosphorylation levels of the histone γH2AX, as well as the number of apoptotic bodies and Annexin V-positive cells. In addition, SBRE exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS generation and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential loss by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Moreover, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase, a typical substrate protein of activated caspase-3, as well as DNA fragmentation; however, these events were almost totally reversed by pretreatment with SBRE. Furthermore, SBRE increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a potent antioxidant enzyme, associated with the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). According to our data, SBRE is able to protect HaCaT cells from H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced DNA damage and apoptosis through blocking cellular damage related to oxidative stress through a mechanism that would affect ROS elimination and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
LiNbO3external modulators and their use in high performance analog links (2002)

This chapter will cover the design of modulators for high performance externally modulated analog links. This includes development of a model of the externally modulated analog link so that the connection between modulator design parameters and link performance is clear. The only type of link considered here is one using amplitude modulation of the light and direct detection.
Abstract 2483: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Stent-based Delivery of Sirolimus via a Novel Metallic Anisotropic Nanoporous Surface Coating (2006)

Introduction: The vascular biocompatibility of some polymer stent surface coatings may incite greater inflammation and neointimal formation, thereby attenuating the efficacy of a stent-based therapy. The purpose of these experimental studies was to document the feasibility, arterial tissue pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a non-polymeric nanoporous surface modified sirolimus eluting stent. Methods: Balloon expandable tubular cobalt alloy stents (VISION™, Guidant, Inc.) underwent surface modification by deposition of a thin anisotropic nanoporous cobalt alloy layer (Setagon CES™ Formulation). Twenty bare metal (BMS, n 10) and nanoporous sirolimus (25 μg/mm) eluting stents (CES™, n = 14) were implanted in the coronary arteries of 12 juvenile Yorkshire pigs. Arterial tissue pharmacokinetics and expression of PCNA were determined by HPLC or western blot analysis of samples obtained at 3, 5 and 7-days. Histological assessment was conducted at 28-days to determine dose response effects. Results: The mean arterial sirolimus tissue concentration was 9.3 ± 1.9 ng/mg at 3-days, 1.6 ± 0.1 ng/mg at 5-days, and then 5.0 ± 5.2 ng/mg at 7-days. At 7-days, PCNA expression was significantly less for the CES ™ (10.1 ± 1.4 ADU) versus BMS (16.9 ± 2.8 ADU, p = 0.03). At 28-days, the mean injury and inflammation scores were similar for the CES ™ and BMS (p > 0.25). The residual fibrin deposition score was greater for the CES ™ (0.7 ± 0.5) as compared with the BMS (0 ± 0.1, p = 0.0003). The mean neointimal area (1.27 ± 0.33 mm 2 , p = 0.01) and percent area stenosis (18.8 ± 5.1, p = 0.016) were less for the CES ™ as compared with BMS (2.32 ± 1.17 mm 2 ; 34.6 ± 18.1). Conclusion: Stent-based delivery of sirolimus via an anisotropic metallic nanoporous surface coating inhibits neointimal formation in the porcine coronary model.
An efficient 3D stack‐of‐stars turbo spin echo pulse sequence for simultaneous T2‐weighted imaging and T2 mapping (2019)

The proposed stack-of-stars turbo spin echo pulse sequence with pseudorandom view ordering and variable refocusing flip angles allows high resolution isotropic T2 mapping in clinically acceptable scan times. The optimization framework for the selection of refocusing flip angles improves T2 estimation accuracy while generating T2-weighted contrast comparable to conventional Cartesian imaging.
Central Aromatic Amines and Behavior (1966)

IN AN EARLIER work on the correlation of behavior and central aromatic amine levels, we studied conditioned avoidance behavior in cats. 1,2 The results indicated that (1) the maintenance of an intricate equilibrium among the various amines seems of importance for the learned performance of avoidance behavior, and (2) an enhancement of catecholamines and decrement of serotonin seem to be correlated with an improvement in avoidance performance, while an enhancement of serotonin and a decrement of catecholamines seem correlated with a deterioration of avoidance performance. Because of the limited significance of the single test behavior used and possible species differences, we have selected macaque monkeys and conditioned approach-response for a second study reported in this paper. Materials Twenty macaque monkeys, 11 males and 9 females, weighing 3.3-4.5 kg (7-10n lb), were used. Five of these were used for a behavioral study, but one female died in the early stages
Propagation of wavy cracks in glass plate caused by thermal stress (2003)

It is well known that when a uniformly heated glass plate is lowered into cold water gradually in its in-plane direction, sinusoidal cracks often propagate due to thermal stress. The object of this study is to clarify the mechanism of the propagation of such sinusoidal cracks. Experiments were conducted changing the temperature and the descent speed of the glass plates. It has been observed that the larger the descent speed of the glass plate is, the larger the wavelength of the sinusoidal crack becomes. Furthermore, the stress distribution of the glass plate was calculated in order to investigate the effect of thermal stress on the crack propagation. At the first stage of the stress analysis, no cracks were assumed in the glass plate. The principal stress distribution suggests that cracks may propagate vertically below the surface of the water but that cracks turn to the horizontal direction after crossing the surface of the water.
Automatic non-rigid mismatch correction algorithm for CT-CT longitudinal oncology studies (2013)

Significant coverage mismatches, non-rigid motion, structural variability of anatomy, and intensity variations in contrast studies make automatic correction for multi-time point CT oncology studies a difficult problem. Also, since multiple volumes have to be non-rigidly co-aligned, it is important and challenging to maintain consistency of maps during non-rigid registration [NRR]. We present a fully automatic algorithm to handle above challenges using, 1) A novel graph-matching approach to initialize rigid registration under large coverage mismatches 2) An approximate, 1D diffeomorphic framework using patch based normalized image gradients to handle NRR. The above combination makes our method robust, fast (≈ 6 s for matching a pair of volumes on standard CPUs for high res. CT cases) and can be used to handle multiple volumes seamlessly. Validation of the proposed algorithm is shown on 17 pairwise NRR experiments on challenging multi-time point oncology studies.
Hyponatremia and Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion in Adult Spinal Surgery (1994)

Spine patients are at risk for hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The incidence of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion was 6.9%. Serum sodium should be monitored postoperatively. Patients who undergo a revision operation have an approximately two to four times greater risk of being affected by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion than those who have primary surgery.
Optimizing the Fluidized Bed Bioreactor as an External Bioartificial Liver (2017)

Increasing bead density clearly maintained the performances of the fluidized bed with plasma of different compositions, without any risk of release out of the bioreactor. A 1% (v/v)-concentration of microspheres in alginate solution did not result in any alteration of the mechanical or biological behavior. This concentration can thus be applied to the production of large-scale encapsulated biomass for further use of the Suppliver setup in human scale preclinical studies.
Ni–Fe Thin Film Coated Cu Wires for Field Sensing Applications (2007)

The pulsed-current electrodeposition technique has been used to deposit Ni-Fe thin films on Cu wires, for field sensing applications employing the classical inductive fluxgate technique and the inverse Wiedemann effect. The Ni3Fe and the NiFe thin film compositions were selected, for comparison reasons. Magnetic hysteresis studies suggested that the Ni3Fe-rich specimens were more appropriate as sensing cores, because they exhibited softer magnetic properties and lower magnetostriction. Their fluxgate response was found comparable to the state of the art of fluxgate sensors. Sourcing ac current through the coated Cu wires and capturing their inductive response by means of coils wound around them, the inverse Wiedemann set-up was implemented, yielding promising results for field sensor applications. Copyright © 2007 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.
A fast wavefront reconstructor for the nonlinear curvature wavefront sensor (2018)

The Nonlinear Curvature Wavefront Sensor (nlCWFS), first proposed by Guyon, determines wavefront shape from images of a reference beacon in a number of planes between the pupil and focal plane of a telescope. We describe a new algorithm that rapidly recovers the low-order aberrations accurately enough to allow practical use of the nlCWFS in an adaptive optics (AO) system. The algorithm was inspired by refractive strong scintillation in the interstellar medium, which behaves similarly to near-pupil linear curvature focusing, but over larger scales. The refractive component is extracted from the speckled images by binning with the lowest-order aberrations being additionally estimated through the use of first and second distribution moments. The linearity of the refractive scintillation process allows us to use a reconstructor matrix to compute an estimate of the pupil wavefront. The resulting wavefront estimate is then applied in reverse to a deformable mirror (DM), reducing the nonlinearity to the point that a single update phase retrieval algorithm such as a multi-plane version of Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) can be used to estimate the remaining wavefront error (WFE). An AO simulation of a 1.5 m telescope, a 16x16 actuator DM, and four image planes show that the scintillation algorithm works, reducing ~800 nm rms WFE to ~ 40 nm, well below the fitting error (~90 nm) in closed loop. Once corrected to this level, the image planes still show a great deal of information that can then be used with a single-update wavefront retrieval algorithm. A couple simple variants of GS are suggested, including one that can be parallelized for each camera and run in parallel with the scintillation algorithm. A Monte Carlo study will be required to determine the best approach.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Enhanced Cancer Radiotherapy through Immunosuppressive Stromal Cell Destruction in Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 2157K, Characterization of different subsets of MDSCs in spleens, DLNs and tumors following the various treatments.&lt;/p&gt;
NeuroPAL: A Neuronal Polychromatic Atlas of Landmarks for Whole-Brain Imaging in C. elegans (2019)

ABSTRACT Comprehensively resolving single neurons and their cellular identities from whole-brain fluorescent images is a major challenge. We achieve this in C. elegans through the engineering and use of a multicolor transgene called NeuroPAL (a Neuro nal P olychromatic A tlas of L andmarks). NeuroPAL worms share a stereotypical multicolor fluorescence map for the entire hermaphrodite nervous system that allows comprehensive determination of neuronal identities. Neurons labeled with NeuroPAL do not exhibit fluorescence in the green, cyan, or yellow emission channels, allowing the transgene to be used with numerous reporters of gene expression or neuronal dynamics. Here we showcase three studies that leverage NeuroPAL for nervous-system-wide neuronal identification. First, we determine the brainwide expression patterns of all metabotropic receptors for acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate, completing a map of this communication network. Second, we uncover novel changes in cell fate caused by transcription factor mutations. Third, we record brainwide activity in response to attractive and repulsive chemosensory cues, characterizing multimodal coding and novel neuronal asymmetries for these stimuli. We present a software package that enables semi-automated determination of all neuronal identities based on color and positional information. The NeuroPAL framework and software provide a means to design landmark atlases for other tissues and organisms. In conclusion, we expect NeuroPAL to serve as an invaluable tool for gene expression analysis, neuronal fate studies, and for mapping whole-brain activity patterns.
Peracetylated (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (AcEGCG) potently prevents skin carcinogenesis by suppressing the PKD1-dependent signaling pathway in CD34 + skin stem cells and skin tumors (2013)

During the process of skin tumor promotion, expression of the cutaneous cancer stem cell (CSC) marker CD34(+) is required for stem cell activation and tumor formation. A previous study has shown that activation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is involved in epidermal tumor promotion; however, the signals that regulate CSCs in skin carcinogenesis have not been characterized. This study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive potential of peracetylated (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (AcEGCG) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted skin tumorigenesis in ICR mice and to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in the inhibitory action of PKD1 on CSCs. We demonstrated that topical application of AcEGCG before TPA treatment can be more effective than EGCG in reducing DMBA/TPA-induced tumor incidence and multiplicity. Notably, AcEGCG not only inhibited the expression of p53, p21, c-Myc, cyclin B, p-CDK1 and Cdc25A but also restored the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which decreased DMBA/TPA-induced increases in tumor proliferation and mitotic index. To clarify the role of PKD1 in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, we studied the expression and activation of PKD1 in CD34(+) skin stem cells and skin tumors. We found that PKD1 was strongly expressed in CD34(+) cells and that pretreatment with AcEGCG markedly inhibited PKD1 activation and CD34(+) expression. More importantly, pretreatment with AcEGCG remarkably suppressed nuclear factor-kappaB, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPs) activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1/2, p38 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and by attenuating downstream target gene expression, including inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, ornithine decarboxylase and vascular endothelial growth factor. Moreover, this is the first study to demonstrate that AcEGCG is a CD34(+) and PKD1 inhibitor in the multistage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. Overall, our results powerfully suggest that AcEGCG could be developed into a novel chemopreventive agent and that PKD1 may be a preventive and therapeutic target for skin cancer in clinical settings.
Engineered plant biomass particles coated with bioactive agents (2023)

Plant biomass particles coated with a bioactive agent such as a fertilizer or pesticide, characterized by a length dimension (L) aligned substantially parallel to a grain direction and defining a substantially uniform distance along the grain, a width dimension (W) normal to L and aligned cross grain, and a height dimension (H) normal to W and L. In particular, the L.times.H dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel side surfaces characterized by substantially intact longitudinally arrayed fibers, the W.times.H dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel end surfaces characterized by crosscut fibers and end checking between fibers, and the L.times.W dimensions define a pair of substantially parallel top and bottom surfaces.