gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P.62: Effects of Amorphous InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors with Various Buffer Layers on Polyimide Substrate Under Negative Bias‐temperature Stresses (2013)

Abstract Buffer layers on flexible substrates have strongly affected to electrical performance and instability in oxide TFTs. The oxide TFT on proper buffer layer/PI substrate showed better electrical performance than that on other buffer layers because the buffer layer with high gas diffusion barrier properties can suppress to generate defect states in semiconductor and/or interface from hydrogen and water penetration. The origins of flexible oxide TFT instabilities were systematically investigated by using in‐situ/ex‐situ measurement and chemical/physical analysis.
TMEM41B and VMP1 modulate cellular lipid and energy metabolism for facilitating dengue virus infection (2022)

Transmembrane Protein 41B (TMEM41B) and Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) are two ER-associated lipid scramblases that play a role in autophagosome formation and cellular lipid metabolism. TMEM41B is also a recently validated host factor required by flaviviruses and coronaviruses. However, the exact underlying mechanism of TMEM41B in promoting viral infections remains an open question. Here, we validated that both TMEM41B and VMP1 are essential host dependency factors for all four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), but not chikungunya virus (CHIKV). While HCoV-OC43 failed to replicate entirely in both TMEM41B- and VMP1-deficient cells, we detected diminished levels of DENV infections in these cell lines, which were accompanied by upregulation of the innate immune dsRNA sensors, RIG-I and MDA5. Nonetheless, this upregulation did not correspondingly induce the downstream effector TBK1 activation and Interferon-beta expression. Despite low levels of DENV replication, classical DENV replication organelles were undetectable in the infected TMEM41B-deficient cells, suggesting that the upregulation of the dsRNA sensors is likely a consequence of aberrant viral replication rather than a causal factor for reduced DENV infection. Intriguingly, we uncovered that the inhibitory effect of TMEM41B deficiency on DENV replication, but not HCoV-OC43, can be partially reversed using exogenous fatty acid supplements. In contrast, VMP1 deficiency cannot be rescued using the metabolite treatment. In line with the observed phenotypes, we found that both TMEM41B- and VMP1-deficient cells harbor higher levels of compromised mitochondria, especially in VMP1 deficiency which results in severe dysregulations of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Using a metabolomic profiling approach, we revealed distinctive global dysregulations of the cellular metabolome, particularly lipidome, in TMEM41B- and VMP1-deficient cells. Our findings highlight a central role for TMEM41B and VMP1 in modulating multiple cellular pathways, including lipid mobilization, mitochondrial beta-oxidation, and global metabolic regulations, to facilitate the replication of flaviviruses and coronaviruses.
Identification of a D-galacturonate reductase efficiently using NADH as a cofactor (2022)

D-galacturonate reductases are catalysing the reversible reduction of D-galacturonate to L-galactonate using NAD(P)H as a cofactor. The enzymes are part of two different pathways. One pathway is the fungal pathway for the catabolism of the main compound of pectin, D-galacturonate. The other pathway is a a pathway in plants for L-ascorbic acid synthesis. The previously described naturally occurring enzymes preferably use NADPH as a cofactor. Although certain D-galacturonate reductases, such as the reductases from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> or <i>Euglena gracilis</i> also accept NADH, their activity is significantly higher with NADPH. We identified in <i>E. gracilis</i> a gene, called <i>gaa1</i>, coding for a D-galacturonate reductase with similar activities with NADH and NADPH. It is potentially useful for the metabolic engineering of microbes to make use of pectin rich biomass.
Selective targeting of NAMPT by KPT-9274 in acute myeloid leukemia (2019)

Treatment options for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain extremely limited and associated with significant toxicity. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is involved in the generation of NAD<sup>+</sup> and a potential therapeutic target in AML. We evaluated the effect of KPT-9274, a p21-activated kinase 4/NAMPT inhibitor that possesses a unique NAMPT-binding profile based on in silico modeling compared with earlier compounds pursued against this target. KPT-9274 elicited loss of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis and induced apoptosis in AML subtypes independent of mutations and genomic abnormalities. These actions occurred mainly through the depletion of NAD<sup>+</sup>, whereas genetic knockdown of p21-activated kinase 4 did not induce cytotoxicity in AML cell lines or influence the cytotoxic effect of KPT-9274. KPT-9274 exposure reduced colony formation, increased blast differentiation, and diminished the frequency of leukemia-initiating cells from primary AML samples; KPT-9274 was minimally cytotoxic toward normal hematopoietic or immune cells. In addition, KPT-9274 improved overall survival in vivo in 2 different mouse models of AML and reduced tumor development in a patient-derived xenograft model of AML. Overall, KPT-9274 exhibited broad preclinical activity across a variety of AML subtypes and warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for AML.
Driver Injury Risk Variability in Finite Element Reconstructions of Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) Frontal Motor Vehicle Crashes (2015)

A method to compute injury metrics and risks as functions of precrash occupant position was developed and applied to 2 CIREN MVC FE reconstructions. The reconstruction process allows for quantification of the sensitivity and uncertainty of the injury risk predictions based on occupant position to further understand important factors that lead to more severe MVC injuries.
Improving the Innate Immune Response in Diabetes by Modifying the Renin Angiotensin System (2019)

Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) suffer from a higher incidence and severity of pulmonary infections. This is likely due to immune impairment and structural abnormalities caused by T2DM-induced oxidative stress (OS) and chronic inflammation. Modulation of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) through blockade of the actions of angiotensin II (AII), or inducing the protective pathway, has the potential to reduce these pathological pathways. The effects of Angiotensin 1-7 [A(1-7)] and NorLeu<sup>3</sup>-A(1-7) [NorLeu], ligands of the protective RAS, on the innate immune response were evaluated in the <i>db/db</i> mouse model of T2DM. Only NorLeu treatment reduced the structural pathologies in the lung caused by T2DM. A decreased in bactericidal activity and phagocytosis in diabetic animals was also observed; both A(1-7) and NorLeu treatment restored these functions. Myeloid progenitor CFUs were reduced and neutrophil/progenitor OS was increased in saline-treated <i>db/db</i> mice, and was reversed by A(1-7) and NorLeu treatment. These results demonstrate the adverse effects of diabetes on factors that contribute to pulmonary infections and the therapeutic potential of protective RAS peptides. Overall, RAS-modification may be a viable therapeutic target to treat diabetic complications that are not addressed by glucose lowering drugs.
Semisynthesis of Protein variants Using Intein-Mediated Protein Ligation (2001)

This article has no abstract.
SELECTING THE LORENZ PARAMETERS FOR WIDEBAND RADAR WAVEFORM GENERATION (2011)

Radar waveforms based on chaotic systems have occasionally been suggested for a variety of radar applications. In this paper, radar waveforms are constructed with solutions from a particular chaotic system, the Lorenz system, and are called Lorenz waveforms. Waveform properties, which include the peak autocorrelation function side-lobe and the transmit power level, are related to the system parameters of the Lorenz system. Additionally, scaling the system parameters is shown to correspond to an approximate time and amplitude scaling of Lorenz waveforms and also corresponds to scaling the waveform bandwidth. The Lorenz waveforms can be generated with arbitrary time lengths and bandwidths and each waveform can be represented with only a few system parameters. Furthermore, these waveforms can then be systematically improved to yield constant-envelope output waveforms with low autocorrelation function sidelobes and limited spectral leakage.
Methode zur Prüfung der Dislokationsfestigkeit von Prothesen im Mittelohr (2021)

Einleitung Aktive und passive Prothesen zur Hörrehabilitation werden im Mittelohr mit verschiedenen Methoden an den anatomischen Strukturen verankert. Als Hauptprobleme für die Dislokationsfestigkeit zeigen sich atmosphärische Druckschwankungen und Kräfte durch Eigenbewegungen des Implantats im Falle aktiver Komponenten. Weiterhin besteht unter Umständen die Möglichkeit einer Dislokation durch eine unfallbedingte äußere Krafteinwirkung auf den Schädel.
OR22-07 Novel Variants in Protein Kinase a Signaling-Related Genes Identified in Obese Children with and Without NAFLD (2020)

Abstract Context: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to affect nearly 10% of Americans age 2-19 and about 38% of those affected are obesei. NAFLD is characterized by triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes and can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The underlying causes of NAFLD in youth are unclear although obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are risk factors. Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have found several single nucleotide polymorphisms that affect susceptibility to and progression of NAFLD, but clinical translation for some of these genetics is lackingii. Study design: Because mouse models of dysregulated PKA signaling demonstrate the centrality of this pathway in hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, we hypothesized that defects in hepatic PKA signaling genes could affect susceptibility to or severity of NAFLD in children. We asked whether identified variants might be associated with differences in clinical markers in a cohort of obese pediatric patients (non-NAFLD, n=295; NAFLD, n=165) followed at Yale Medical School, where clinical data and genomic DNA were collected. Exon sequencing of 54 PKA-related candidate genes included those coding for PKA subunits, PDEs and other proteins integral to the hepatic PKA system. Variants were ranked by allele frequency and potential pathogenicity. Ongoing analyses aim to identify associations between single variants and potential additive effects with clinical parameters (anthropometric, liver function, glucose metabolism, plasma lipids). Results: Gene variants were identified in ABCA1, ADCY4, ADCY5, AKAP7, CREB3L1, CREB3L4, CREM, CYP27A1, DHCR7, ERN1, GYS2, IL6, IL10RB, MC2R, PDE1B, PDE2A, PDE3B, PDE4A, PDE7B, PDE10A, PDE11A, PPARGC1B, PRKAR2A, and PRKAR1B. Reported variants met criteria of high to moderate impact based on 9 in silico scores that predict pathogenicity. Allele frequency ranged from 2.5 to over 50 times higher in our cohort than the general population. One or more variant was identified in 34.9% of non-NAFLD and 19.4% of NAFLD patients (p=.0004). Conclusion: We report PKA-related gene variants among a cohort of pediatric obese patients that might serve as useful predictors of risk of NAFLD or obesity. Further analyses will help determine whether any of these variants may play a functional role in NAFLD. Endnotes i Schwimmer JB, Deutsch R, Kahen T, Lavine JE, Stanley C, Behling C. Pediatrics. 2006;118(4):1388. ii Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Gallo P, Dell’Unto C et al. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(43):4835-4845.
Development of a GSO positron/single-photon imaging detector (2006)

We have developed and tested a GSO (gadolinium oxyorthosilicate) position-sensitive gamma detector which can be used with positron and single-photon radionuclides for imaging breast cancer or sentinel lymph node detection. Because GSO has a relatively good energy resolution for annihilation gammas as well as low energy gamma photons, and does not contain any natural radioisotopes, it can be used for positron imaging and lower energy single-photon imaging. The imaging detector consists of a GSO block, 2 inch square multi-channel position-sensitive photo-multiplier tube (PSPMT), and associated electronics. The size of a single GSO element was 2.9 mm x 2.9 mm x 20 mm and these elements were arranged into 15 x 15 matrixes to form a block that was optically coupled to the PSPMT. It was possible to separate all GSO crystals into a two-dimensional position histogram for annihilation gammas (511 keV) and low energy gamma photons (122 keV). The typical energy resolution was 24% FWHM and 37% FWHM for 511 keV and 122 keV gamma photons, respectively. For the positron imaging, coincidence between the imaging detector and a single gamma probe is measured. For the single-photon imaging, a tungsten collimator is mounted in front of the imaging detector. With this configuration, it was possible to image both positron radionuclides and low energy single-photon radionuclides. We measured spatial resolution and sensitivity as well as image quality of the developed imaging detector. Results indicated that the developed imaging detector has the potential to be a new and useful instrument for nuclear medicine.
Changing epidemiology of community-acquired acute kidney injury in developing countries: analysis of 2405 cases in 26 years from eastern India (2013)

The epidemiological characteristics of CAAKI have changed over the past three decades. There has been an increase in the overall incidence of ARF with the changing etiology of AKI in recent years. Incidences of obstetrical, surgical and diarrheal AKI have decreased significantly, whereas those of AKI associated with malaria, sepsis, nephrotoxic drugs and liver disease have increased. RCN has decreased significantly. In contrast to developed nations, community-acquired AKI is more common in developing countries. It often affects younger individuals and is caused by single and preventable diseases.
Human Interleukin-34 facilitates microglia-like cell differentiation and persistent HIV-1 infection in humanized mice (2019)

This humanized microglia mouse reflected human HIV-1 infection in its known principal reservoir and showed the development of disease-specific innate immune inflammatory and neurotoxic responses mirroring what can occur in an infected human brain.
Alkyl amine functional dextran macromonomer‐based thin film composite loose nanofiltration membranes for separation of charged and neutral solutes (2017)

ABSTRACT Thin film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes with defined porous structure of the separation layer are desirable for the concentration of neutral solute and separation of salts from a mixture. Herein, we report the formation of TFC membranes composed of polyamide (PA) separation layer by the interfacial polymerization between new dextran‐butyl amine (Dex‐NH 2 ) macromonomer and trimesoyl chloride on polysulfone support membrane. The membranes prepared with 1%–1.5% (wt/vol) of Dex‐NH 2 exhibited water permeance of 110–116 L m −2 h −1 MPa −1 with 62%–71% rejection of Na 2 SO 4 and 12%–14% rejection of MgCl 2 . The membranes also showed about 91% rejection of poly(ethylene glycol) of molecular weight 2000 g/mol and about 11% rejection of NaCl. A decrease in permeance and ions selectivity was observed with increasing concentration of Dex‐NH 2 . The dextran chains attached to the PA network restrict the diffusion of Dex‐NH 2 toward the interfacial zone and thereby assist the formation of porous and thin PA layer compared to that when free amine (alkyl diamine) was used. These membranes are applicable for the separation of small molecular weight neutral solutes from mixture containing monovalent salts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45301.
Feto-Maternal Concentrations of Diazepam andN-Demethyldiazepam after Intra-amniotic Diazepam Injection (1976)

Ten milligrams of diazepam were injected intra-amniotically in 8 mothers prior to therapeutic abortion by hysterotomy. Duration of pregnancy varied between 12 and 19 weeks. The diazepam concentrations in the maternal plasma were comparable to those found after the same intramuscular diazepam dose to the mother. The concentration of diazepam in the amniotic fluid 12 to 18 hours after the injection was no longer significantly higher than in the maternal plasma. The concentrations of diazepam in the fetal plasma, liver and brain were comparable to the concentrations resulting from a 10 mg intramuscular diazepam dose to the mother about 2 hours before legal abortion. The feto-maternal ratio of diazepam was of same magnitude as after the intramuscular application to the mother. The results indicate that the disappearance of diazepam from the amniotic fluid in this stage of pregnancy occurs extraplacentally, through the membranes into the uterine circulation. In the treatment of a fetus with drugs having properties similar to diazepam, intra-amniotic administration is no better than intramuscular administration to the mother.
Superhard nanocrystalline silicon carbide films (2005)

Nanocrystalline silicon carbide films were deposited by thermal plasma chemical vapor deposition, with film growth rates on the order of 10μm∕min. Films were deposited on molybdenum substrates, with substrate temperature ranging from 750-1250 °C. The films are composed primarily of β-SiC nanocrystallites. Film mechanical properties were investigated by nanoindentation. As substrate temperature increased the average grain size, the crystalline fraction in the film, and the hardness all increased. For substrate temperatures above 1200 °C the average grain size equaled 10-20 nm, the crystalline fraction equaled 80-85 %, and the film hardness equaled approximately 50 GPa.
Cooling method with automated seasonal freeze protection (2023)

An automated multi-fluid cooling method is provided for cooling an electronic component(s). The method includes obtaining a coolant loop, and providing a coolant tank, multiple valves, and a controller. The coolant loop is at least partially exposed to outdoor ambient air temperature(s) during normal operation, and the coolant tank includes first and second reservoirs containing first and second fluids, respectively. The first fluid freezes at a lower temperature than the second, the second fluid has superior cooling properties compared with the first, and the two fluids are soluble. The multiple valves are controllable to selectively couple the first or second fluid into the coolant in the coolant loop, wherein the coolant includes at least the second fluid. The controller automatically controls the valves to vary first fluid concentration level in the coolant loop based on historical, current, or anticipated outdoor air ambient temperature(s) for a time of year.
25.2: Invited Paper : Concepts for Highly Efficient White OLEDs (2010)

Abstract In this paper, we discuss in detail a novel concept for white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) comprising three different phosphorescent emitters. Its key feature, a matrix‐emitter combination for the blue sub‐emission layer combined with a specific arrangement of the green‐ and red‐emitting layers, leads to very high luminous efficacies. We present the key parameters of this emission layer design that are essential for high efficiencies. Finally, we briefly discuss a second, highly efficient approach for white OLEDs: the triplet harvesting concept. It makes use of a fluorescent blue emitter having benefits for higher device stability and at the same time the potential for 100% internal quantum efficiency.
Vacuum packaging at wafer level for MEMS using gold-tin metallurgy (2013)

Results of wafer level packaging for micro-electro-mechanical systems based on low temperature melting metallurgy are going to be presented. The MEMS are packaged under vacuum with internal pressure in the range of 1 mbar after sealing. Through Silicon Vias in a silicon interposer allow the feeding of the electrical contacts to the package outside. The thin silicon interposer acts as MEMS carrier or lid and therefore is part of the final packaged component after dicing. AuSn rings have been chosen for process compatibility with the MEMS and ensure the hermeticity of the components after vacuum sealing. Evaluation of the bond process is carried out using XRay imaging microscopy, analysis of cross sections and the final package resistance is evaluated using shear testing. The thickness of the chip-scale packaged MEMS is smaller than 500 mu m and a yield of vacuum sealing of around 80% was obtained in first evaluation on 200 mm wafer scale.
An on-line position error compensation method for sensorless IPM motor drives using high frequency injection (2009)

This paper addresses the position error issue existing in sensorless IPM motor drives using the high frequency injection (HFI) method. A simple-to-design on-line compensation method is proposed based upon filter group delay theory, which substantially minimizes the error between the estimated position and the actual position caused by filters in a conventional HFI system. The method determines the position error compensation based upon a demodulation delay and a velocity or rotational frequency of the electrical machine. Experimental results with a 10-hp interior permanent magnet motor are presented showing improved sensorless performance using the proposed method.
Determination of free fatty acids in olive oils by UPHLC–MS B Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (2016)

A simple, fast, highly efficient and direct method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has been established for the simultaneous separation, identification and quantitation of a few saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in olive oils from various countries. No sample pretreatment techniques were employed such as extraction or derivatization for the analysis of target acids from oil samples, as the oil samples were just diluted, filtered and then directly injected to the instrument. The chromatographic separations of all target fatty acids were achieved on a Hypersil Gold C18 column of particle size 1.9μm, 50×2.1mm I.D, while the gradient elution using a binary mobile phase mixture of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 1.5ml/min was adopted for achieving optimum separations. The identification and quantitation of target compounds was accomplished using selected ion reaction monitoring mode. The recoveries of the fatty acids were obtained higher than 89% with good validation parameters; linearity (r²>0.992), detection limit between 0.09 and 0.24μg/ml, run to run and day to day precisions with percent relative standard deviation lower than 2.4% at both low (1μg/ml) and medium (10μg/ml) concentration levels. The total content of fatty acids in each individual oils was found in the range of 472.63–7751.20μg/ml of olive oil, while oleic acid was found to be the major fatty acid among all analyzed oils with the amount 3785.94μg/ml (maximum) in Syrian olive oil. The obtained validation parameters confirm that the proposed analytical method is rapid, sensitive, reproducible and simple and it could be applied for the successful evaluation of fatty acids in various oils and other matrices. All the fatty acids were efficiently eluted in a time of less than 8min with well resolved peaks by employing the proposed method.