gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Optical reflectance characterization of silicon micromachined surfaces</title> (1994)

Advanced solar cells and optical detection devices incorporate surface texturing to reduce reflection of the incident radiation and, thus, enhance optical absorption. Using micromachining techniques, three different silicon surfaces were fabricated, optically characterized, and analyzed in terms of their ability to reduce optical reflectance. The fabricated surfaces consisted of: randomly sized and spaced pyramids (RSSPs), deep vertical- wall grooves (DVWGs) and porous silicon (PS). Three regions of the optical spectrum were investigated: visible (500 - 900 nm), near-infrared (1.25 - 2.5 micrometers ), and mid-infrared (2.5 - 12.5 micrometers ). A highly-polished, single-crystal silicon wafer was used as a reference surface. The following results were experimentally determined. The RSSP surfaces decrease the reflectance by more than 69% over the entire measured spectrum. The DVWG surfaces reduce the reflectance by 85% in the visible region, 34% in the near-infrared range, and 14% over the mid-infrared wavelengths. Both thin (pore depths less than 1 micrometers ) and thick (pore depths greater than 5 micrometers ) PS surfaces were investigated. The thick PS revealed better results compared to the thin PS, demonstrating 91% reflectance reduction in the visible region, a 7% reduction in the near-infrared range, and 53% reduction over the mid-infrared wavelengths.
Rigorous Modeling of Lateral Leakage Loss in SOI Thin-Ridge Waveguides and Couplers (2009)

The transverse-magnetic to transverse-electric (TM-TE) mode coupling properties and the lateral leakage loss behavior of the propagating TM-like mode in silicon-on-insulator thin-ridge waveguides and directional couplers are investigated. Accurate calculation of the lateral leakage is performed by a mode matching technique in which the calculation window is left fully open in the lateral direction.
DIRECTIONAL CHANNEL MODELLING IN COST259 SWG 2.1 (2000)

This paper summarizes the achievements of Subworkinggroup 2.1 (SWG2.1) of the COST259 initiative. A common approach for modelling the time-variant wideband angular-dispersive radio channel for link-level simulations is derived and the main parameters are described. The basic modelling philosophy is a stochastic signal description where deterministic a-priori information about the environment enters the model. The model is a generalization of the well-known COST207 models in three respects: (i) the directions of arrival both at the base station and the mobile station are included, (ii) not only macrocells, but also micro- and picocells are envisaged, (iii) large scale variations are modelled. To allow efficient simulations while still including large-scale variations, we have to distinguish between external, global, and local parameters. As part of the external parameters, a set of radio environments has been defined each of which is capable of generating several propagation scenarios. Global parameters tune the statistics of the local parameters and the actual realization. The relation between directional and non-directional models is touched by means of the wide-sense stationary uncorrelated-scattering (WSSUS) concept.
Wear Behavior of Laser‐Patterned Piston Rings in Squeeze Film Dampers (2015)

Machine components experience large tribological stresses during their lifetime. Due to the kinematics and the applied load, many of these components work under mixed or boundary lubrication conditions, with direct contact of both rubbing surfaces. Wear, thus plays a significant role in these two lubrication regimes, determining component life time. Laser surface patterning (LSP) can produce a well‐defined surface topography in order to improve the tribological properties under boundary and mixed lubrication, including reduced wear. In this research work, the piston rings (PRs) of a squeeze film damper (SFD, stainless steel MSRR 6503) are patterned with a dot‐like surface structure (4 μm spacing and ca. 1 μm depth) produced by three‐beam laser interference from a solid state Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration of 10 ns and wavelength of 355 nm. The wear behavior of these laser‐patterned PRs is compared to that of conventional ground PRs. The tribological tests are performed on a special test rig for SFDs. The tested surfaces are then analyzed by white light interferometry in order to study the underlying wear mechanism and to estimate the corresponding wear volume. This analysis demonstrates an 85% reduction in the wear volume of the laser‐patterned PRs. The designed surface topography can store wear particles in the topographic minima, removing them from the contact zone, thus reducing the amount of abrasive wear and the wear volume.
Calretinin-expressing islet cells: a source of pre- and post-synaptic inhibition of non-peptidergic nociceptor input to the mouse spinal cord (2023)

Unmyelinated non-peptidergic nociceptors (NP afferents) arborise in lamina II of the spinal cord and receive GABAergic axoaxonic synapses, which mediate presynaptic inhibition. However, until now the source of this axoaxonic synaptic input was not known. Here we provide evidence that it originates from a population of inhibitory calretinin-expressing interneurons (iCRs), which correspond to lamina II islet cells. The NP afferents can be assigned to 3 functionally distinct classes (NP1-3). NP1 afferents have been implicated in pathological pain states, while NP2 and NP3 afferents also function as pruritoceptors. Our findings suggest that all 3 of these afferent types innervate iCRs and receive axoaxonic synapses from them, providing feedback inhibition of NP input. The iCRs also form axodendritic synapses, and their targets include cells that are themselves innervated by the NP afferents, thus allowing for feedforward inhibition. The iCRs are therefore ideally placed to control the input from non-peptidergic nociceptors and pruritoceptors to other dorsal horn neurons, and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic pain and itch.
Mobile Pointing Shoes (2003)

モバイル環境でのポインティング操作に足を使用する方式を考察し, 加速度センサと感圧センサを用いてデバイスを製作してその特性を評価した。その結果, 短時間で習熟でき, また立った状態でも座った状態と同等の効率で入力が行なうことができ, 携帯端末のポインティングデバイスとして使えることが分かった。
18F-ASEM, a Radiolabeled Antagonist for Imaging the α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor with PET (2014)

(18)F-ASEM holds promise as a radiotracer with suitable imaging properties for quantification of α7-nAChR in the human brain.
A Theoretical Justification for Image Inpainting using Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (2023)

We provide a theoretical justification for sample recovery using diffusion based image inpainting in a linear model setting. While most inpainting algorithms require retraining with each new mask, we prove that diffusion based inpainting generalizes well to unseen masks without retraining. We analyze a recently proposed popular diffusion based inpainting algorithm called RePaint (Lugmayr et al., 2022), and show that it has a bias due to misalignment that hampers sample recovery even in a two-state diffusion process. Motivated by our analysis, we propose a modified RePaint algorithm we call RePaint$^+$ that provably recovers the underlying true sample and enjoys a linear rate of convergence. It achieves this by rectifying the misalignment error present in drift and dispersion of the reverse process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first linear convergence result for a diffusion based image inpainting algorithm.
Supplementary Data from Pan-Cancer Analysis of Canonical and Modified miRNAs Enhances the Resolution of the Functional miRNAome in Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Data from Pan-Cancer Analysis of Canonical and Modified miRNAs Enhances the Resolution of the Functional miRNAome in Cancer
Supplementary Table 5 from Distinct Patterns of Dysregulated Expression of Enzymes Involved in Androgen Synthesis and Metabolism in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 14K, Transcripts most-highly co-regulated with AKR1C3 in primary and metastatic PCas (top list: positive association; bottom list: negative association)&lt;/p&gt;
Interdependent Folding of the N- and C-Terminal Domains Defines the Cooperative Folding of α-Lytic Protease (2003)

Alpha-lytic protease (alphaLP) serves as an important model in achieving a quantitative and physical understanding of protein folding reactions. Synthesized as a pro-protease, alphaLP belongs to an interesting class of proteins that require pro regions to facilitate their proper folding. alphaLP's pro region (Pro) acts as a potent folding catalyst for the protease, accelerating alphaLP folding to its native conformation nearly 10(10)-fold. Structural and mutational studies suggested that Pro's considerable foldase activity is directed toward structuring the alphaLP C-terminal domain (CalphaLP), a seemingly folding-impaired domain, which is believed to contribute significantly to the high-energy folding and unfolding transition states of alphaLP. Pro-mediated nucleation of alphaLP folding within CalphaLP was hypothesized to subsequently enable the alphaLP N-terminal domain (NalphaLP) to dock and fold, completing the formation of native protease. In this paper, we find that ternary folding reactions of Pro and noncovalent NalphaLP and CalphaLP domains are unaffected by the order in which the components are added or by the relative concentrations of the alphaLP domains, indicating that neither discrete CalphaLP structuring nor docking of the two alphaLP domains is involved in the folding transition state. Instead, the rate-limiting step of these folding reactions appears to be a slow and concerted rearrangement of the NalphaLP and CalphaLP domains to form active protease. This cooperative and interdependent folding of both protease domains defines the large alphaLP folding barrier and is an apparent extension of the highly cooperative alphaLP unfolding transition that imparts the protease with remarkable kinetic stability and functional longevity.
Gene expression signature of cerebellar hypoplasia in a mouse model of Down syndrome during postnatal development (2009)

High throughput gene expression analysis in the cerebellum of a large number of samples of Ts1Cje and euploid mice has revealed a prevailing gene dosage effect on triplicated genes. Moreover using an enriched cell population that is thought responsible for the cerebellar hypoplasia in Down syndrome, a global destabilization of gene expression was not detected. Altogether these results strongly suggest that the three-copy genes are directly responsible for the phenotype present in cerebellum. We provide here a short list of candidate genes.
The Net Promoter Score (NPS) as a Tool for Evaluation of the User Experience at Culture and Library Services (2020)

Net Promoter Score (NPS), Public libraries, Libraries of higher education, Museums, User satisfaction
Acute Bouts of Passive Leg Cycling Can Improve Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Patients (2010)

Parkinson's disease (PD) often leads to a deficit in cognitive function. Pharmacological therapies are effective in treating motor symptoms in PD, but do not slow the progression of cognitive decline. A number of studies have reported that intensive exercise can improve cognitive function. However, individuals with PD often have difficulties participating in high-intensity exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine if acute bouts of passive leg cycling can improve cognitive function in PD, and if different rates of pedaling have variable effects on cognitive function. METHODS: Nineteen, mild to moderate idiopathic PD patients (12 men, 7 women, age- 63.2 ± 8.6), reported to the exercise science laboratory on four separate occasions, separated by one week. On the first visit, PD patients completed a YMCA cycling test (Excalibur 1300 W cycle ergometer) to estimate maximal oxygen consumption and a computer based psychomotor tests consisting of Trail Making Test (TMT) A and B while 'on' anti-Parkinson's medication. For the next three visits PD patients participated in passive leg cycling (MOTOmed viva2) at 60, 70 and 80 revolutions per minute (rpm) while 'off' anti-Parkinson's medications. Cycling rates were randomly administered. The TMT A and B were administered prior to and immediately after each cycling session. RESULTS: Data were analyzed using a 3 (trial) by 2 (time) analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures on both variables. TMT A scores did not differ between trials (p=0.569) or across time (p=0.207). In addition, no trial by time interaction was observed for TMT A Scores (p=0.555). TMT B scores improved across time (70.3 ± 3.7 vs. 62.4 ± 2.6 sec, p=0.003) with no difference between trials (p=0.919) or trial by time interactions observed (p=0.841). The difference in scores between TMT B and A showed a main effect of time (pre: 37.6 ± 2.6, post: 31.0 ± 1.9 sec, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that passive leg cycling can improve executive function in PD patients, as measured by the TMT B. Lack of improvement in the TMT A suggests that TMT B improvement is due to changes in visual search and motor speed alone. However, there is no association between cognitive improvement and passive cycling rate. Future studies will compare these results with active-assisted cycling at variable rates.
Expression of vascular Notch ligands Delta‐like 4 and Jagged‐1 in glioblastoma (2012)

In summary, Dll4 and Jag1 are expressed in glioblastoma vasculature. These data may define subsets of glioblastoma that might be sensitive (Dll4(+) /Jag1(+) ) or resistant (Dll4(+) /Jag1(-) ) to bevacizumab. Our data also suggest that anti-Dll4 therapy should be evaluated experimentally in glioblastoma.
Fast tile-based adaptive sampling with user-specified Fourier spectra (2014)

We introduce a fast tile-based method for adaptive two-dimensional sampling with user-specified spectral properties. At the core of our approach is a deterministic, hierarchical construction of self-similar, equi-area, tri-hex tiles whose centroids have a spatial distribution free of spurious spectral peaks. A lookup table of sample points, computed offline using any existing point set optimizer to shape the samples' Fourier spectrum, is then used to populate the tiles. The result is a linear-time, adaptive, and high-quality sampling of arbitrary density functions that conforms to the desired spectral distribution, achieving a speed improvement of several orders of magnitude over current spectrum-controlled sampling methods.
Marangoni-driven spreading of miscible liquids in the binary drop geometry (2017)

When two liquids with different surface tensions come into contact, the liquid with lower surface tension spreads over the other. This Marangoni-driven spreading has been studied for various geometries and surfactants, but the dynamics of the binary geometry (drop-drop) has hardly been quantitatively investigated, despite its relevance for drop encapsulation applications. Here we use laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to temporally resolve the distance $L(t)$ over which a low-surface-tension drop spreads over a miscible high-surface-tension drop. $L(t)$ is measured for various surface tension differences between the liquids and for various viscosities, revealing a power-law $L(t)\sim t^α$ with a spreading exponent $α\approx 0.75$. This value is consistent with previous results for viscosity-limited spreading over a deep bath. A single power law of rescaled distance as a function of rescaled time reasonably captures our experiments, as well as different geometries, miscibilities, and surface tension modifiers (solvents and surfactants). This result enables engineering the spreading dynamics of a wide range of liquid-liquid systems.
Progression of the transformed phenotype in clonal lines of Abelson virus-infected lymphocytes. (1983)

Some molecular changes which correlate with the tumorigenic progression of neoplastic cells can best be studied with in vitro cell lines that represent each stage in the progression. Lymphoid cells infected by Abelson murine leukemia virus exhibit a wide range of growth potential in vitro and in vivo. Uncloned populations that are poorly oncogenic early after infection become progressively more oncogenic with successive passages of the cells in culture. In such mass cultures, it is difficult to evaluate whether a rare subpopulation of highly oncogenic cells becomes dominant in the culture or whether the individual cells progress in oncogenic phenotype. To examine this latter possibility, Abelson virus-infected lymphoid cells were cloned by limiting-dilution culture 10 days postinfection. We isolated two clones that grew poorly in agar, required feeder layers of adherent bone marrow cells for growth in liquid culture, and were extremely slow to form tumors in syngeneic animals. Both clones, after passage in the presence of adherent feeder layers for 3 months, grew well in liquid and agar-containing cultures in the absence of feeder layers and formed tumors in animals at a rapid rate. The progression of these clonal cell lines to a more malignant growth phenotype occurred in the absence of detectable changes in the concentration, half-life, phosphorylation, in vitro kinase activity, or cell localization of the Abelson virus-encoded transforming protein. No change in the concentration or arrangement of integrated Abelson viral DNA sequences was detected in either clone. Thus, perhaps changes in the expression of cellular genes would appear to alter the growth properties of lymphoid cells after their initial transformation by Abelson virus. Such cellular changes could complement the activity of the Abelson virus transforming protein in producing the fully malignant growth phenotype.
An extended multidelay filter: fast low-delay algorithms for very high-order adaptive systems (2004)

We propose a novel class of efficient adaptive algorithms in the frequency domain that is tailored to very long adaptive filters and highly autocorrelated input signals as they arise, e.g., in high-quality full-duplex audio applications. The approach exhibits good tracking capabilities of the signal statistics and very low delay. Moreover, it is shown that the low order of computational complexity of the conventional frequency-domain adaptive algorithms can be maintained thanks to efficient realizations. The algorithm allows a tradeoff between the well-known multidelay filter (MDF) and the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm. It is also well suited for an efficient generalization to the multichannel case.
Transcranial Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. The ELATED-2 Pilot Trial (2018)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Our objective was to test the antidepressant effect of transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared (NIR) light in subjects suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD). <b><i>Background:</i></b> t-PBM with NIR light is a new treatment for MDD. NIR light is absorbed by mitochondria; it boosts cerebral metabolism, promotes neuroplasticity, and modulates endogenous opioids, while decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> We conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled study on the safety and efficacy [change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D<sub>17</sub>) total score at end-point] of adjunct t-PBM NIR [823 nm; continuous wave (CW); 28.7 × 2 cm<sup>2</sup>; 36.2 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>; up to 65.2 J/cm<sup>2</sup>; 20-30 min/session], delivered to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilaterally and simultaneously, twice a week, for 8 weeks, in subjects with MDD. Baseline observation carried forward (BOCF), last observation carried forward (LOCF), and completers analyses were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The effect size for the antidepressant effect of t-PBM, based on change in HAM-D<sub>17</sub> total score at end-point, was 0.90, 0.75, and 1.5 (Cohen's <i>d</i>), respectively for BOCF (<i>n</i> = 21), LOCF (<i>n</i> = 19), and completers (<i>n</i> = 13). Further, t-PBM was fairly well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> t-PBM with NIR light demonstrated antidepressant properties with a medium to large effect size in patients with MDD. Replication is warranted, especially in consideration of the small sample size.
Storage conditions of blood samples and primer selection affect the yield of cDNA polymerase chain reaction products of hepatitis C virus (1992)

We have noticed that suboptimal specimen processing and storage conditions may cause false-negative results in the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in plasma or serum. To establish the influence of specimen handling in a serological laboratory on the rate of detection of HCV RNA by the cDNA polymerase chain reaction (cDNA-PCR), we tested routine serum samples and fresh-frozen plasma samples from the same bleeding from confirmed anti-HCV-positive blood donors. When primers from the NS3/NS4 region were used, HCV RNA was detected in fresh-frozen plasma from 67% of the donors, whereas positive results were obtained with only 50% of the serum samples that had been subjected to routine serological procedures. Analysis of the same samples with primers from the highly conserved 5'-terminal region (5'-TR) revealed an HCV RNA detection rate of 92% for both the routine and the fresh-frozen samples. However, the yield of the amplification product in routine samples was strongly reduced compared with that in fresh-frozen plasma. Comparison of both primer sets for cDNA-PCR showed that the 5'-TR primer set was 10- to 100-fold more effective in detecting HCV RNA. We also analyzed the effect of storage of whole EDTA-blood and serum at room temperature and at 4 degrees C on the yield of the amplification product. A rapid decline in detectable HCV RNA of 3 to 4 log units was observed within 14 days when whole blood and serum were stored at room temperature. By contrast, no perceptible reduction in the cDNA-PCR signal was found in freshly prepared serum stored at 4 degrees C.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Regulates Voltage-Gated K+ Channels and Macrophage Transmigration (2008)

Progressive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and virus-induced neuroinflammatory responses effectuate monocyte-macrophage transmigration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A key factor in mediating these events is monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Upregulated glial-derived MCP-1 in HIV-1-infected brain tissues generates a gradient for monocyte recruitment into the nervous system. We posit that the inter-relationships between MCP-1, voltage-gated ion channels, cell shape and volume, and cell mobility underlie monocyte transmigration across the BBB. In this regard, MCP-1 serves both as a chemoattractant and an inducer of monocyte-macrophage ion flux affecting cell shape and mobility. To address this hypothesis, MCP-1-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) were analyzed for gene and protein expression, electrophysiology, and capacity to migrate across a laboratory constructed BBB. MCP-1 enhanced K+ channel gene (KCNA3) and channel protein expression. Electrophysiological studies revealed that MCP-1 increased outward K+ currents in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro studies demonstrated that MCP-1 increased BMM migration across an artificial BBB, and the MCP-1-induced BMM migration was blocked by tetraethylammonium, a voltage-gated K+ channel blocker. Together these data demonstrated that MCP-1 affects macrophage migratory movement through regulation of voltage-gated K+ channels and, as such, provides a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroAIDS.