gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic Pixels for Neural Stimulation: Circuit Models and Performance (2015)

Photovoltaic conversion of pulsed light into pulsed electric current enables optically-activated neural stimulation with miniature wireless implants. In photovoltaic retinal prostheses, patterns of near-infrared light projected from video goggles onto subretinal arrays of photovoltaic pixels are converted into patterns of current to stimulate the inner retinal neurons. We describe a model of these devices and evaluate the performance of photovoltaic circuits, including the electrode-electrolyte interface. Characteristics of the electrodes measured in saline with various voltages, pulse durations, and polarities were modeled as voltage-dependent capacitances and Faradaic resistances. The resulting mathematical model of the circuit yielded dynamics of the electric current generated by the photovoltaic pixels illuminated by pulsed light. Voltages measured in saline with a pipette electrode above the pixel closely matched results of the model. Using the circuit model, our pixel design was optimized for maximum charge injection under various lighting conditions and for different stimulation thresholds. To speed discharge of the electrodes between the pulses of light, a shunt resistor was introduced and optimized for high frequency stimulation.
Nitrogen metabolism and somatotropin secretion in lambs receiving arginine and ornithine via abomasal infusion. (1990)

Sixteen wether lambs (25 kg) were fitted with abomasal infusion cannulas and used to study N and endocrine responses to abomasal infusions of arginine (ARG) or ornithine (ORN). Lambs were randomly allotted to four treatment groups and abomasally infused with solutions of water (CON), ARG, ORN or UREA. The ARG solution provided .50 g ARG.HCl/kg BW and was equimolar with ORN.HCl (.40 g/kg). UREA (.28 g/kg) was isonitrogenous with ARG and served as a positive N control. Lambs were housed in metabolism crates for excreta collection and received 729 g DM/d of a 13.7% CP diet in equal portions four times daily. Following a 7-d dietary adjustment period, lambs were infused continuously (2 liters/d) with water for a 5-d preliminary collection period (Period 1), which immediately preceded a 7-d infusion and collection period (Period 2). Sequential blood samples were taken at 15-min intervals for 8 h between 1200 and 2000 on d 4 of both periods. Single samples were obtained at 1500 on remaining days. Nonrepeated measurements were analyzed as a completely randomized design, whereas repeated measurements were analyzed as a split-plot over time. Period 2 measurements were adjusted using covariance techniques if differences among treatment groups were observed for Period 1. Contrasts used in determining treatment effects were: CON vs UREA, CON vs ARG + ORN, and ARG vs ORN. Nitrogen retention was similar for all treatment, suggesting that dietary N was not limiting. Arginine and ORN increased serum ornithine (P less than .05), blood urea N (BUN; P less than .10) and urinary urea N excretion (P less than .01), whereas ARG increased (P less than .05) serum arginine and UREA increased (P less than .01) BUN and urinary urea N. Serum insulin and glucose were not affected by treatment. Compared with CON, ARG and ORN increased (P less than .05) mean somatotropin (STH) concentration (13.8 vs 16.9 and 18.4 ng/ml) and amplitude of STH pulses (9.8 vs 15.1 and 17.8 ng/ml), whereas CON and UREA were similar. Abomasal infusions of ARG and ORN were equally efficacious in stimulating ovine STH secretion when dietary N intake was not limiting.
Layered OFDMA Radio Access for IMT-Advanced (2008)

This paper proposes layered orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) radio access for LTE (long-term evolution)-advanced to achieve higher-level system requirements than those in Release 8 LTE called Evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (UTRA) and UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN). Layered OFDMA comprises layered transmission bandwidth assignment according to the required data rate, a layered control signaling structure, and support for layered environments in which an adaptive multi-access scheme with hybrid single-carrier and multicarrier based radio access is applied. layered OFDMA radio access will support all functionalities provided in Release 8 LTE and its enhancement. Key radio access techniques such as fast inter-cell radio resource management that take advantage of remote radio equipment (RRE) aiming at inter-cell orthogonality, multi-antenna transmissions with more antennas, and coverage enhancing techniques are used to achieve a high level of capacity and cell-edge spectrum efficiency.
Carbon Monoxide Sensing for a Low-Cost Mobile Health Device (2020)

We explore the use of electrochemical sensors toward the creation of a personal carbon monoxide monitoring device. Our ultimate goal is the development of an inexpensive, highly integrated mobile health (mHealth) device for improving the outcomes, and decreasing the treatment costs, for smoking cessation therapy among low socioeconomic status (SES) patients. We will combine a number of proven modalities into a single device, which we call the T-COM. This hand-held personal device will integrate a breath carbon monoxide sensor, multilingual motivational text and audio messaging, gamification features and built-in wireless network connectivity. The requirements relating to measuring the concentration of CO in exhaled breath are especially challenging. They include the following – low cost, minimal thickness, robust to a range of ambient temperatures and humidity, as well as being minimally affected by the high humidity in breath. Concentrations as low as a few ppm of CO must be measurable, with an accuracy of a few ppm. The device must not require field calibration. The sensor must be ready for use at virtually any time with no warm-up period, and must register an accurate measurement in under ten seconds. The required support circuitry must be available with similar constraints on cost, size and accuracy. We experimented with several commercially available CO sensors and circuit topologies, and we report on our findings. In addition we have looked into methods for controlling the level of humidity that reaches the sensor, without otherwise affecting the measurement accuracy. Our results to date suggest that a practical solution is achievable, although further improvements would be valuable. Figure 1
Facilitators of and barriers to implementing a traditional Chinese medicine collaborative model of care for axial spondyloarthritis: a qualitative study (2021)

NCT03420404 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Highly efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light emitting diodes based on tercarbazole donor and boron acceptor dyads (2019)

Two new blue TADF emitters, <bold>3CzTB</bold> and <bold>M3CzB</bold>, for application in highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes are reported.
Tailoring CD19xCD3-DART exposure enhances T-cells to eradication of B-cell neoplasms (2017)

Many patients with B-cell malignancies can be successfully treated, although tumor eradication is rarely achieved. T-cell-directed killing of tumor cells using engineered T-cells or bispecific antibodies is a promising approach for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. We investigated the efficacy of CD19xCD3 DART bispecific antibody in a broad panel of human primary B-cell malignancies. The CD19xCD3 DART identified 2 distinct subsets of patients, in which the neoplastic lymphocytes were eliminated with rapid or slow kinetics. Delayed responses were always overcome by a prolonged or repeated DART exposure. Both CD4 and CD8 effector cytotoxic cells were generated, and DART-mediated killing of CD4<sup>+</sup> cells into cytotoxic effectors required the presence of CD8<sup>+</sup> cells. Serial exposures to DART led to the exponential expansion of CD4 <b><sup>+</sup></b> and CD8 <b><sup>+</sup></b> cells and to the sequential ablation of neoplastic cells in absence of a PD-L1-mediated exhaustion. Lastly, patient-derived neoplastic B-cells (B-Acute Lymphoblast Leukemia and Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma) could be proficiently eradicated in a xenograft mouse model by DART-armed cytokine induced killer (CIK) cells. Collectively, patient tailored DART exposures can result in the effective elimination of CD19 positive leukemia and B-cell lymphoma and the association of bispecific antibodies with unmatched CIK cells represents an effective modality for the treatment of CD19 positive leukemia/lymphoma.
NRZ-OOK transmission of 16&#x00D7;40 Gb/s Over 2800 km SSMF using asynchronous phase modulation (2008)

We use the cost-effective APM technique to increase the non-linear tolerance of NRZ-OOK, and we demonstrate, in a recirculating loop experiment, the transmission over 2800 km SSMF of 16 NRZ-OOK 40 Gb/s channels with 100 GHz spacing.
Multimedia applications (2005)

Relational database systems solve many of the traditional problems for processing of structured data. However, unstructured data in the form of images, video, audio and multimedia is growing at a tremendous rate and introduces new requirements that are not met by today's database engines. One well known example is content-based retrieval that involves similarity searching and indexing in high-dimensional feature spaces. In addition there has been much recent focus on applying machine learning techniques involving semantics modeling, spatio-temporal indexing, multi-modal (audio-, visual-, textual-) integration and relevance feedback searching.
102 The Development of an Electronic Safety System applied for Elevators (2006)

Machine room-less elevators have become a mainstream in a low-speed elevator, and the demand of the space saving of elevator shaft has risen more and more because of the viewpoint of effective use of the building. We developed the "Smooth Emergency Terminal Slowdown (SETS) system" for space saving of elevator shaft. The SETS system is composed as an electric safety device. It came to be able to apply to low-speed elevators where the conventional emergency terminal slowdown system had not been applied.
Multiple-index waveguide coupler (1986)

Fused fiber couplers are known to be capable of achieving variable coupling ratios at minimum loss. The coupling and loss are, however, sensitive to the fiber geometry, taper, and index of the surrounding medium.1-3 Typically, preparation prior to fusion draw includes grinding and/or acid etching of the cladding to decrease the core separation.4
Document image segmentation and text area ordering (2002)

A system for document image segmentation and ordering text areas is described and applied to both Japanese and English complex printed page layouts. There is no need to make any assumption about the shape of blocks, hence the segmentation technique can handle not only skewed images without skew-correction but also documents where column are not rectangular. In this technique, on the bottom-up strategy, the connected components are extracted from the reduced image, and classified according to their local information. The connected components are merged into lines, and lines are merged into areas. Extracted text areas are classified as body, caption, header, and footer. A tree graph of the layout of body texts is made, and we get the order of texts by preorder traversal on the graph. The authors introduce the influence range of each node, a procedure for the title part, and extraction of the white horizontal separator. Making it possible to get good results on various documents. The total system is fast and compact.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel filter design algorithm for multivariate optical computing (2001)

A new algorithm for the design of optical computing filters for chemical analysis otherwise known as Multivariate Optical Elements (MOEs), is described. The approach is based on the nonlinear correlation of the MOE layer thicknesses to the standard error in sample prediction for the chemical species of interest using a modified version ofthe Gauss-Newton nonlinear optimization algorithm. The design algorithm can either be initialized by random layer thicknesses or by a pre-existing design. The algorithm has been successfully tested by using it to design a MOE for the determination of copper uroporphynn in a quaternary mixture of uroporphyrin (freebase), nickel uroporphyrin, copper uroporphynn, and tin uroporphyrin.
Activation of the Brain Angiotensin System by In Vivo Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Transfer in Rats (1999)

The possibility of the brain-specific expression of a component of the renin-angiotensin system was evaluated in the present study. We used the hemagglutinating virus of Japan-liposome complex to transfect human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) cDNA, driven by the cytomegalovirus enhancer and beta-actin promoter, into the lateral cerebroventricle of male Sprague-Dawley rats. We evaluated the time course of hemodynamics, the tissue levels of angiotensin (Ang) II and vasopressin, and ACE activity. Intracerebroventricular transfection of the human ACE gene increased both blood pressure and heart rate. Transfected rats exhibited higher concentrations of brain Ang II and increased brain ACE activity. This activation of the brain angiotensin system was accompanied by increased vasopressin production. The increases in blood pressure and heart rate were abolished by intracerebroventricular administration of an ACE inhibitor or Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist. The expression of the transgene was widely distributed in the periventricular cell layer, the cortex, the hypothalamic nuclei, and the brain stem. Expression in the neuronal cells persisted for up to 14 days. Thus, this hemagglutinating virus of Japan-liposome method is a highly efficient system for gene delivery and is extremely useful for functional gene transfection. This novel hypertensive model may enable characterization of the functions of the renin-angiotensin system in the brain and determination of its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Elastomeric Polypropylenes from Unbridged 2-Phenylindene Zirconocene Catalysts:  Temperature Dependence of Crystallinity and Relaxation Properties (1999)

The solid-state structure and physical behavior of an elastomeric polypropylene (PP1) synthesized with unbridged 2-phenylindene zirconocene catalyst were examined using solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray powder diffraction, and birefringence measurements of relaxation behavior. Extraction of these elastomeric polypropylenes with boiling ether and heptane yielded three fractions of different molecular weight and tacticity. The ether-soluble fraction is the lowest in isotactic pentad content and exhibits no detectable crystallinity. For the other fractions and the parent homopolymer, the degrees of crystallinity estimated from DSC and WAXD results are similar. The amount of the immobile phase determined by solid-state NMR, however, appears much higher than the degree of crystallinity. An increase in temperature from 20 to 80 °C results in a loss in the relative fraction of mobile and immobile phase as measured by solid-state NMR and a corresponding loss in the percent crystallinity as measured by DSC. The relaxation of polymer samples subjected to step shear as a function of increasing temperature was investigated using polarized optical birefringence measurements. These studies revealed that the elastic network remains stable up to temperatures of 80 °C. Blends of atactic and isotactic polypropylene with similar average isotactic pentad contents as PP1 and its heptane-insoluble fraction were examined in comparison. Despite their similar taciticities and degrees of crystallinity, the blends show no evidence of a network structure after being subjected to a step shear but instead relax back to an isotropic orientation.
Evidence for Penning Ionization in the Generation of Electronically Excited States of Transition Metal Cations by Laser Vaporization (2004)

We report the first evidence for the involvement of Penning ionization in the production of electronically excited state transition metal ions by laser vaporization in the presence of argon carrier gas. The use of argon as a carrier gas has been usually considered to be a more efficient cooling and quenching gas of the excited-state species. The current results show that this view is no longer valid and under certain conditions, where metastable argon atoms can be generated through the laser plasma vaporization, efficient production of electronic excited states of transition metal ions can result. The effect of Penning ionization is demonstrated for the production of excited states of Ni+, Nb+, and Pt+ ions through the coupling of the laser vaporization/ionization of metals and the mass-selected ion mobility techniques. The current finding has significant implications not only for understanding the mechanisms of ion production by laser-surface interactions, but also for developing new approaches to study state selected ion−molecule reactions.
Multi-node cooperative communications (2008)

In the previous chapter, the symbol error rate performance of single-relay cooperative communications was analyzed for both the decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward relaying strategies. This chapter builds upon the results in the previous chapter and generalizes the symbol error rate performance analysis to the multi-relay scenario.
New and improved dispersion and recovery techniques for slurry phase catalysis. Quarterly report, October 1, 1983-December 31, 1983 (1983)

This quarterly report covers an extensive review of the literature in the area of catalyst deactivation and regeneration. The literature review, which is presented here in three sections, namely, carbonaceous deposit formation, metal deposit formation and methods of analysis and regeneration, served as an invaluable aid in the initiation of experimental work required to fulfill the task objectives. Since the literature survey is applicable to all five tasks, no attempt has been made to divide it in terms of contract tasks. 21 references.
Cycle slips: Detection and correction using inertial aiding (2014)

GPS carrier-phase measurements can be used to achieve very precise positioning solutions. Carrier-phase measurements are much more precise than pseudorange measurements, but they are ambiguous by an integer number of cycles. When these ambiguities are resolved, subcentimeter levels of positioning can be achieved. The ambiguity resolution is even more challenging in real-time navigation due to receiver dynamics and the time sensitive nature of the required kinematic solution. The two major approaches of GPS/INS integration are loosely coupled and tightly coupled. The former strategy is simpler and easier to implement because the inertial and GPS navigation solutions are generated independently before being weighted by the Kalman filter. The latter strategy performs the INS/GPS integration in a single centralized Kalman filter. Once a cycle slip is detected, it can be handled in two ways. One way is to repair the slip.
Flowing Crystals: Nonequilibrium Structure of Foam (2006)

Bubbles pushed through a quasi-two-dimensional channel self-organize into a variety of periodic lattices. The structures of these lattices correspond to local minima of the interfacial energy. The "flowing crystals" are long-lived metastable states, a small subset of possible local minima of confined quasi-two-dimensional foams [P. Garstecki and G. M. Whitesides, Phys. Rev. E 73, 031603 (2006)10.1103/PhysRevE.73.031603]. Experimental results suggest that the choice of the structures that we observe is dictated by the dynamic stability of the cyclic processes of their formation. Thus, the dynamic system that we report provides a unique example of nonequilibrium self-organization that results in structures that correspond to local minima of the relevant energy functional.
Synthesis and a Preliminary DNA Binding Study of Hybrids of the Carbohydrate Domain of Calicheamicin γ and the Aglycone of Daunorubicin: Calichearubicins A and B (1996)

In calichearubicin B (1) the aglycon of daunorubicin and the carbohydrate domain of calicheamicin γ are linked by a spacer (calichearubicin A lacks this spacer). The aglycone serves as an anthracycline-like intercalator, while the carbohydrate portion binds to the minor groove of DNA. Thus calichearubicin B exhibits properties of both parent compounds.
Electrophoretic deposition and mechanistic studies of nano-Al/CuO thermites (2012)

Electrophoretic deposition was used to deposit thin films (∼10–200 μm) of nano-aluminum/copper oxide thermites, with a density of 29% the theoretical maximum. The reaction propagation velocity was examined using fine-patterned electrodes (0.25 × 20 mm), and the optimum velocity was found to correspond to a fuel-rich equivalence ratio of 1.7. This value did not correlate with the calculated maximum in gas production or temperature, and it is suggested that it is a result of enhanced condensed-phase transport, which is speculated to increase for fuel-rich conditions. A ∼25% drop in propagation velocity occurred above an equivalence ratio of 2.0, where Al2O3 is predicted to undergo a phase change from liquid to solid. This is expected to hinder the kinetics by decreasing the mobility of condensed-phase reacting species. The effect of film thickness on propagation velocity was investigated, using the optimum equivalence ratio. The velocity was seen to exhibit a two-plateau behavior, with one plateau between 13 and 50 μm film thickness, and the other above ∼120 μm. The latter had nearly an order of magnitude faster velocity than the former, 36 m/s vs. 4 m/s, respectively. For film thicknesses in the 50-120 μm range, a linear transitional regime was observed. Images from the combustion studies showed an increase in forward-transported particles as the film thickness increased, along with more turbulent behavior of the flame. It was suggested that the two-plateau behavior indicated a shift in the energy transport mechanism. While nanocomposite thermites have been traditionally thought to exhibit convective energy transport, we find in this work that particle advection may also be important. The velocity of particles ejected through a thin slit mounted above a thermite strip was measured, and was found to be even faster (∼2-3×) than the flame propagation velocity. The morphology of captured particles was examined with an electron microscope, and indicated that reactive sintering had occurred. A non-dimensional number (A) was used to relate the rate of gas pressurization (1/τp) to the rate of gas escape by Fickian diffusion (D/L2), A = L2/(D*τp). For small values of A, gases rapidly escape and do not accumulate within the thermite films. Thus, the resultant energy transport is relatively slow. For large values of A, gases are entirely trapped, thus activating enhanced energy transport via oscillating pressure buildup and unloading of the material. This analysis is suitable for thermites which can produce sufficient gas to raise the local pressure above some critical value to overcome material adhesion strength, inducing pressure-driven unloading and resulting in enhanced energy transport. We suggest that further improvements in nanocomposite thermites can be made by examining the coupling of multiple length scales. Not only is nano-scale mixing important, in this work we found that a second length scale (∼120 μm) was necessary to fully activate a pressure buildup/unloading mechanism, which significantly enhances the reactivity.