gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF STRONG-POST W-BEAM GUARDRAIL (1987)

The design of W-beam guardrail was analyzed with the GUARD computer program to determine the feasibility of reducing guardrail costs without sacrificing barrier performance. Fifteen full-scale crash tests were simulated to validate the GUARD program for use with W-beam guardrails. Simulated crash tests involved full-size and mini-size sedans, small and large pickups, and a full-size van. The GUARD program was found to adequately simulate vehicle motions and predict wheel snag. Alternative barrier designs were then evaluated through GUARD simulation. Design variables included post spacing, post strength, rail height, and blockout depth. These simulations indicated that a W-beam guardrail with 8.33-ft post spacings and 10-in. blockouts could perform as well as or better than existing W-beam barrier designs.
Biochemical and Biological Characterization of a New Oxidized Avidin with Enhanced Tissue Binding Properties (2010)

Chicken avidin and bacterial streptavidin are widely employed in vitro for their capacity to bind biotin, but their pharmacokinetics and immunological properties are not always optimal, thereby limiting their use in medical treatments. Here we investigate the biochemical and biological properties of a new modified avidin, obtained by ligand-assisted sodium periodate oxidation of avidin. This method allows protection of biotin-binding sites of avidin from inactivation caused by the oxidation step and delay of avidin clearance from injected tissue by generation of aldehyde groups from avidin carbohydrate moieties. Oxidized avidin shows spectroscopic properties similar to that of native avidin, indicating that tryptophan residues are spared from oxidation damage. In strict agreement with these results, circular dichroism and isothermal titration calorimetry analyses confirm that the ligand-assisted oxidation preserves the avidin protein structure and its biotin binding capacity. In vitro cell binding and in vivo tissue residence experiments demonstrate that aldehyde groups provide oxidized avidin the property to bind cellular and interstitial protein amino groups through Schiff's base formation, resulting in a tissue half-life of 2 weeks, compared with 2 h of native avidin. In addition, the efficient uptake of the intravenously injected (111)In-BiotinDOTA (ST2210) in the site previously treated with modified avidin underlines that tissue-bound oxidized avidin retains its biotin binding capacity in vivo. The results presented here indicate that oxidized avidin could be employed to create a stable artificial receptor in diseased tissues for the targeting of biotinylated therapeutics.
Object Detection in Thermal Spectrum for Advanced Driver-Assistance\n Systems (ADAS) (2021)

Object detection in thermal infrared spectrum provides more reliable data\nsource in low-lighting conditions and different weather conditions, as it is\nuseful both in-cabin and outside for pedestrian, animal, and vehicular\ndetection as well as for detecting street-signs &amp; lighting poles. This paper is\nabout exploring and adapting state-of-the-art object detection and classifier\nframework on thermal vision with seven distinct classes for advanced\ndriver-assistance systems (ADAS). The trained network variants on public\ndatasets are validated on test data with three different test approaches which\ninclude test-time with no augmentation, test-time augmentation, and test-time\nwith model ensembling. Additionally, the efficacy of trained networks is tested\non locally gathered novel test-data captured with an uncooled LWIR prototype\nthermal camera in challenging weather and environmental scenarios. The\nperformance analysis of trained models is investigated by computing precision,\nrecall, and mean average precision scores (mAP). Furthermore, the trained model\narchitecture is optimized using TensorRT inference accelerator and deployed on\nresource-constrained edge hardware Nvidia Jetson Nano to explicitly reduce the\ninference time on GPU as well as edge devices for further real-time onboard\ninstallations.\n
LEVEL AND DOWNHILL WALKING TO ASSESS IMPLANT FUNCTIONALITY IN BICRUCIATE AND POSTERIOR CRUCIATE-RETAINING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (2018)

Introduction Bicruciate-retaining (BiCR) total knee replacements (TKRs) were designed to improve implant performance; however, functional advantages during daily activity have yet to be demonstrate...
Single Spin Measurement Using Cellular Automata Techniques (2006)

We analyze a conceptual approach to single-spin measurement. The method uses techniques from the theory of quantum cellular automata to correlate a large number of ancillary spins to the one to be measured. It has the distinct advantage of being efficient: under ideal conditions, it requires the application of only O((3)square root N)) steps (each requiring a constant number of rf pulses) to create a system of N correlated spins. Numerical simulations suggest that it is also, to a certain extent, robust against pulse errors, and imperfect initial polarization of the ancilla spin system.
Hemodynamic Functionality of Transfused Red Blood Cells in the Microcirculation of Blood Recipients (2018)

The primary goal of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is to supply oxygen to tissues and organs. However, due to a growing number of studies that have reported negative transfusion outcomes, including reduced blood perfusion, there is rising concern about the risks in blood transfusion. RBC are characterized by unique flow-affecting properties, specifically adherence to blood vessel wall endothelium, cell deformability, and self-aggregability, which define their hemodynamic functionality (HF), namely their potential to affect blood circulation. The role of the HF of RBC in blood circulation, particularly the microcirculation, has been documented in numerous studies with animal models. These studies indicate that the HF of transfused RBC (TRBC) plays an important role in the transfusion outcome. However, studies with animal models must be interpreted with reservations, as animal physiology may not reflect human physiology. To test this concept in humans, we have directly examined the effect of the HF of TRBC, as expressed by their deformability and adherence to vascular endothelium, on the transfusion-induced effect on the skin blood flow and hemoglobin increment in β-thalassemia major patients. The results demonstrated, for the first time in humans, that the TRBC HF is a potent effector of the transfusion outcome, expressed by the transfusion-induced increase in the recipients' hemoglobin level, and the change in the skin blood flow, indicating a link between the microcirculation and the survival of TRBC in the recipients' vascular system. The implication of these findings for blood transfusion practice and to vascular function in blood recipients is discussed.
ELATE: an open-source online application for analysis and visualization of elastic tensors (2016)

We report on the implementation of a tool for the analysis of second-order elastic stiffness tensors, provided with both an open-source Python module and a standalone online application allowing the visualization of anisotropic mechanical properties. After describing the software features, how we compute the conventional elastic constants and how we represent them graphically, we explain our technical choices for the implementation. In particular, we focus on why a Python module is used to generate the HTML web page with embedded Javascript for dynamical plots.
Waveform control of enhanced THz radiation from femtosecond laser filament in air (2017)

We report on a waveform control of enhanced THz radiation along a femtosecond laser filament in air with a high voltage technique. By applying a DC high-voltage electric field from two sharp electrodes in a direction parallel to the laser filament and scanning it along the filament, the longitudinal evolution of amplified THz emission was demonstrated. By changing the position of the pair of electrodes along the laser filament, different waveforms of THz radiation were obtained. Due to the change of the plasma density distribution at the leading and trailing ends of a laser filament, the enhanced THz waveforms could have a phase shift of ∼π. The technique is very simple. It could help to understand the THz generation process through external electric field assisted laser filamentation.
Acceleration of Emergence of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance in Connected Microenvironments (2011)

The emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a growing problem, yet the variables that influence the rate of emergence of resistance are not well understood. In a microfluidic device designed to mimic naturally occurring bacterial niches, resistance of Escherichia coli to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin developed within 10 hours. Resistance emerged with as few as 100 bacteria in the initial inoculation. Whole-genome sequencing of the resistant organisms revealed that four functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms attained fixation. Knowledge about the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in the heterogeneous conditions within the mammalian body may be helpful in understanding the emergence of drug resistance during cancer chemotherapy.
Chinese character synthesis using METAPOST (2003)

A serious problem in Chinese information exchange in this rapidly advancing Internet time is the sheer quantity of characters. Commonly used character encoding systems cannot include all characters, and often fonts do not contain all characters either. In professional and scholarly documents, these unencoded characters are quite common. This situation hinders the development of information exchange because special care has to be taken to handle these characters, such as embedding the character as an image. This paper describes our attempt towards solving the problem. Our approach utilizes the intrinsic characteristic of Chinese characters, that is, each character is formed by combining strokes and radicals. We defined a Chinese character description language named HanGlyph, to capture the topological relation of the strokes in a character. We are developing a Chinese Character Synthesis System CCSS which transforms HanGlyph descriptions into graphical representations. A large part of the CCSS is implemented in METAPOST.
Using genome-wide complex trait analysis to quantify 'missing heritability' in Parkinson's disease (2012)

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful at identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly associated with common traits; however, a great deal of the heritable variation associated with common traits remains unaccounted for within the genome. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) is a statistical method that applies a linear mixed model to estimate phenotypic variance of complex traits explained by genome-wide SNPs, including those not associated with the trait in a GWAS. We applied GCTA to 8 cohorts containing 7096 case and 19 455 control individuals of European ancestry in order to examine the missing heritability present in Parkinson's disease (PD). We meta-analyzed our initial results to produce robust heritability estimates for PD types across cohorts. Our results identify 27% (95% CI 17-38, P = 8.08E - 08) phenotypic variance associated with all types of PD, 15% (95% CI -0.2 to 33, P = 0.09) phenotypic variance associated with early-onset PD and 31% (95% CI 17-44, P = 1.34E - 05) phenotypic variance associated with late-onset PD. This is a substantial increase from the genetic variance identified by top GWAS hits alone (between 3 and 5%) and indicates there are substantially more risk loci to be identified. Our results suggest that although GWASs are a useful tool in identifying the most common variants associated with complex disease, a great deal of common variants of small effect remain to be discovered.
Novel Low-Temperature Behavior in Classical Many-Particle Systems (2009)

We show that classical many-particle systems interacting with certain soft pair interactions in two dimensions exhibit novel low-temperature behaviors. Ground states span from disordered to crystalline. At some densities, a large fraction of normal-mode frequencies vanish. Lattice ground-state configurations have more vanishing frequencies than disordered ground states at the same density and exhibit vanishing shear moduli. For the melting transition from a crystal, the thermal expansion coefficient is negative. These unusual results are attributed to the topography of the energy landscape.
Frontispiz: Metastabiles Salpetersäuretrihydrat in Eiswolken (2016)

Atmosphärenchemie Die Struktur von Salpetersäuretrihydrat, die H. Grothe et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3334 ff. beschreiben, liefert Informationen über die frühen Stadien der Eiswolkenbildung in der Stratosphäre und der oberen Troposphäre.
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Bruton's tyrosine kinase regulate overlapping sets of genes in B lymphocytes (2001)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) acts downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in a pathway required for B cell receptor (BCR)-dependent proliferation. We used DNA microarrays to determine what fraction of genes this pathway influences and to investigate whether PI3K and Btk mediate distinct gene regulation events. As complete loss-of-function mutations in PI3K and Btk alter B cell subpopulations and may cause compensatory changes in gene expression, we used B cells with partial loss of function in either PI3K or Btk. Only about 5% of the BCR-dependent gene expression changes were significantly affected by reduced PI3K or Btk. The results indicate that PI3K and Btk share target genes, and that PI3K influences additional genes independently of Btk. These data are consistent with PI3K acting through Btk and other effectors to regulate expression of a critical subset of BCR target genes that determine effective entry into the cell cycle.
Microwave synthesis of ZnIn2S4/WS2 composites for photocatalytic hydrogen production and hexavalent chromium reduction (2019)

A rapid microwave synthesis route for the fabrication of ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> powder and ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>/WS<sub>2</sub> composites is presented.
Arc fusion splicing effects in large-mode-area single-mode ytterbium-doped fibers (2013)

For the first time the effects of arc fusion splicing on the residual stress and refractive index of large-mode-area single-mode ytterbium-doped fibers (YDFs) are investigated using a state-of-the-art three-dimensional concurrent stress-index measurement method. The results, based on a commercially available fiber, describe a host of perturbations that decrease the core/cladding refractive index difference by as much as 1.74 × 10(-3) over an axial length of many hundreds of wavelengths. Simulations indicate that these perturbations result in an expansion of the mode-field-diameter by 39.6% and, based on the measured sample, result in an extra splice loss of 20.8%. The results of this investigation will be useful in the design and optimization of high-power all-fiber YDF lasers and amplifiers.
Abstract 2402: SMAD4 represses PDAC metastatic colonization through binding FOSL1 enhancer regions (2022)

Abstract Less than 5% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) survive more than 5 years, largely due to therapeutic resistance and metastatic disease. Half of all PDAC patients have been shown to have loss of SMAD4, which has been shown to correlate with metastasis. Here we functionally demonstrate that SMAD4 is a key suppressor of metastatic colonization of PDAC. Using an in vitro and in vivo multi-component RNA-seq analysis on isogenic human PDAC cell lines, we defined SMAD4-dependent gene expression changes. Specifically, we identified genes that were suppressed in the presence of SMAD4. These genes could contribute to tumor metastasis. To test this, we performed a pooled open reading frame (ORF) overexpression lung colonization assay with the identified genes. We found that expression of the transcription factor FOSL1 is sufficient for metastatic colonization. Mechanistically, SMAD4 directly binds and modulates the activity of the FOSL1 enhancer. Taken together, these studies demonstrate a direct role for SMAD4 in regulating metastatic colonization and identify FOSL1 as a direct SMAD4-regulated gene involved in distant site colonization. Citation Format: Jonathan P. Rennhack, Chao Dai, Andrew Aguirre, John Doench, David Root, William C. Hahn. SMAD4 represses PDAC metastatic colonization through binding FOSL1 enhancer regions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2402.
Voltage-load sensitivity matrix based demand response for voltage control in high solar penetration distribution feeders (2017)

This paper presents a voltage-load sensitivity matrix (VLSM) based voltage control method to deploy demand response resources for controlling voltage in high solar penetration distribution feeders. The IEEE 123-bus system in OpenDSS is used for testing the performance of the preliminary VLSM-based voltage control approach. A load disaggregation process is applied to disaggregate the total load profile at the feeder head to each load nodes along the feeder so that loads are modeled at residential house level. Measured solar generation profiles are used in the simulation to model the impact of solar power on distribution feeder voltage profiles. Different case studies involving various PV penetration levels and installation locations have been performed. Simulation results show that the VLSM algorithm performance meets the voltage control requirements and is an effective voltage control strategy.
Multiplexing and DQPSK Precoding of 10.7-Gb/s Client Signals to 107 Gb/s Using an FPGA (2008)

We implemented a real-time DQPSK precoder for 107-Gb/s data, together with a highspeed channel alignment scheme and the required rate adaptation from 10.7 Gb/s to 13.375 Gb/s, on a Xilinx Virtex II Pro X FPGA.
Electrical properties of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanoparticles synthesized by chemical vapor synthesis (2009)

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical vapor synthesis, which facilitates the incorporation of a higher percentage of dopant atoms, far above the thermodynamic solubility limit of aluminum. The electrical properties of aluminum-doped and undoped zinc oxide nanoparticles were investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The impedance is measured under hydrogen and synthetic air between 323 and 673 K. The measurements under hydrogen as well as under synthetic air show transport properties depending on temperature and doping level. Under hydrogen atmosphere, a decreasing conductivity with increasing dopant content is observed, which can be explained by enhanced scattering processes due to an increasing disorder in the nanocrystalline material. The temperature coefficient for the doped samples switches from positive temperature coefficient behavior to negative temperature coefficient behavior with increasing dopant concentration. In the presence of synthetic air, the conductivity firstly increases with increasing dopant content by six orders of magnitude. The origin of the increasing conductivity is the generation of free charge carriers upon dopant incorporation. It reaches its maximum at a concentration of 7.7% of aluminum, and drops for higher doping levels. In all cases, the conductivity under hydrogen is higher than under synthetic air and can be changed reversibly by changing the atmosphere.
The genetic variant rs4073 A→T of the Interleukin‐8 promoter region is associated with the earlier onset of exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2015)

Out of the factors associated with the earlier onset of exudative AMD, only the genotype of IL-8 rs4073 did not appear as a risk factor for AMD in general. IL-8 may have a role in accelerating the development of the choroidal neovascularization in exudative AMD.
Green Process for Adipic Acid Synthesis: Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide in Water Micromelusions using Benzalkonium Chloride C12-14 Surfactant (2012)

Abstract Adipic acid was synthesized by the oxidation of cyclohexene using 30% hydrogen peroxide in a microemulsion in the presence of sodium tungstate as catalyst. The proposed green process is environmentally friendly since catalyst and surfactant are recycled and pure adipic acid is produced in high yield (70% to 79%). Microemulsions are used as a green solvent and give a better contact between the phases. Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (C12-C14) was used as a surfactant for the generation of the microemulsion since it enables the use of harmful organic solvents and phase-transfer catalysts to be avoided. Optimised operating conditions (temperature, reaction time, separation process) have been defined and applied to evaluate the industrial practicability. The main interest of the present work is the easy recovery of pure adipic acid and the reuse of the reaction media (surfactant and catalyst). This shows promise for developing a future green industrial process that will enable greenhouse gas emissions (N2O), among others, to be reduced.
The Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Malaria Parasite Transmission (2020)

Coendemicity between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites, the causative agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and malaria, respectively, occurs in several regions around the world. Although the impact of the interaction between these two organisms is not well understood, it is thought that the outcome of either disease may be negatively influenced by coinfection. Therefore, it is important to understand how current first-line antiretroviral therapies (ART) might impact <i>Plasmodium</i> infection in these regions. Here, we describe the effect of 18 antiretroviral compounds and of first-line ART on the blood and sporogonic stages of <i>Plasmodium berghei in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. We show that the combination zidovudine + lamivudine + lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), employed as first-line HIV treatment in the field, has a strong inhibitory activity on the sporogonic stages of <i>P. berghei</i> and that several non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) have a moderate effect on this stage of the parasite's life cycle. Our results expose the effect of current first-line ART on <i>Plasmodium</i> infection and identify potential alternative therapies for HIV/AIDS that might impact malaria transmission.
Synthesis of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu oxide superconductor by solution technique (1990)

Superconducting Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} powders have been synthesized using a solution technique in which bismuth nitrate, strontium hydroxide, calcium acetate and copper ethoxide were dissolved in a glacial acetic acid-ethanol mixture. The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness to obtain pale blue powder. This powder was calcined and pressed into pellets and sintered at 860{degree}C in air. The resistance of these samples indicated an on-set of 110 K and reached zero electrical resistance state at about 70 K. 21 refs., 3 figs.