gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sharing the “cost” of multicast trees (1995)

Given the need to provide users with reasonable feedback about the "costs" their network usage incurs, and the increasingly commercial nature of the Internet, we believe that the allocation of cost among users will play an important role in future networks. This paper discusses cost allocation in the context of multicast flows. The question we discuss is this: when a single data flow is shared among many receivers, how does one split the cost of that flow among the receivers? Multicast routing increases network efficiency by using a single shared delivery tree. We address the issue of how these savings are allocated among the various members of the multicast group. We first consider an axiomatic approach to the problem, analyzing the implications of different distributive notions on the resulting allocations. We then consider a one-pass mechanism to implement such allocation schemes and investigate the family of allocation schemes such mechanisms can support.
Graphene–Silicon Heterostructures at the Two-Dimensional Limit (2015)

The integration of heterogeneous two-dimensional materials has the potential to yield electronic behavior approaching theoretical limits and facilitate the exploration of new fundamental physical phenomena. Here, we report the integration of graphene with two-dimensional, semiconducting crystalline silicon. Sequential deposition of carbon and silicon on Ag(111) in ultrahigh vacuum results in the synthesis of both lateral and vertical graphene–silicon heterostructures. The one-dimensional in-plane interfaces demonstrate atomically precise material transitions both structurally and electronically. The vertical heterostructures show noninteracting van der Waals behavior as shown by energetically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy coupled with ex-situ Raman analysis. The pristine and direct integration of graphene with two-dimensional, semiconducting crystalline silicon couples two of the most studied electronic materials into a hybrid structure with high potential for next-generation nanoelectronics.
Difluorocarbene Addition to Alkenes and Alkynes in Continuous Flow (2016)

The first in-flow difluorocarbene generation and addition to alkenes and alkynes is reported. The application of continuous flow technology allowed for the controlled generation of difluorocarbene from TMSCF3 and a catalytic quantity of NaI. The in situ generated electrophilic carbene reacts smoothly with a broad range of alkenes and alkynes, allowing the synthesis of the corresponding difluorocyclopropanes and difluorocyclopropenes. The reaction is complete within a 10 min residence time at high reaction concentrations. With a production flow rate of 1 mmol/min, continuous flow chemistry enables scale up of this process in a green, atom-economic, and safe manner.
Measurement of the CP-Violating Phase ϕ[subscript s] in [bar over B][0 over s] → D[+ over s]D[- over s] Decays (2014)

We present a measurement of the CP-violating weak mixing phase ϕ[subscript s] using the decay [bar over B][0 over s] → D[+ over s]D[- over s] in a data sample corresponding to 3.0 fb[superscript -1] of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. An analysis of the time evolution of the system, which does not use the constraint |λ| = 1 to allow for the presence of CP violation in decay, yields ϕ[subscript s] = 0.02 ± 0.17(stat) ± 0.02(syst) rad, |λ| = 0.91[+0.18 over -0.15](stat) ± 0.02(syst). This result is consistent with the standard model expectation.
Enabling the Scale-Up of a Key Asymmetric Hydrogenation Step in the Synthesis of an API Using Continuous Flow Solid-Supported Catalysis (2016)

The development of a continuous flow process for asymmetric hydrogenation with a heterogenized molecular catalyst in a real industrial context is reported. The key asymmetric step in the synthesis of an API (active pharmaceutical ingredient) has been developed on a kilogram scale with constant high single-pass conversion (>95.0%) and enantioselectivity (>98.6% ee) through the asymmetric hydrogenation of the corresponding enamide. This performance was achieved using a commercially available chiral catalyst (Rh/(S,S)-EthylDuphos) immobilized on a solid support via strong interaction resulting from the requirement of electroneutrality. The factors affecting the long-term catalyst stability and enantioselectivity were identified using small-scale continuous flow setups. A dedicated automated software-controlled high-pressure pilot system with a small footprint was then built and the asymmetric hydrogenation on kilogram-scale was realized with a space time yield (STY) of up to 400 g L–1 h–1 at predefined conversion and enantiopurity levels. No catalyst leaching was detected in the virtually metal-free product stream, thereby eliminating costly and time-consuming downstream purification procedures. This straightforward approach permitted an easy and robust scale-up from gram to kilogram scale fully matching the pharmaceutical quality criteria for enantiopurity and low metal content, thus demonstrating the high versatility of fully integrated continuous flow molecular catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Studies on Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves. Part 2. VPI‐5 and Related Aluminophosphate Materials. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Balancing SET/RESET Pulse for $>\hbox{10}^{10}$ Endurance in $\hbox{HfO}_{2}\hbox{/Hf}$ 1T1R Bipolar RRAM (2012)

By tuning the SET/RESET pulse amplitude conditions, the pulse endurance of our 40-nm HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Hf 1T1R resistive-random-access-memory devices demonstrates varying failure behaviors after 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cycles. For unbalanced SET/RESET pulse amplitude conditions, both low-resistance state (LRS) and high-resistance state (HRS) failures may occur, while varying the pulsewidths influences the LRS/HRS window and the stability of the LRS/HRS states. The failure of the HRS or LRS state during cycling is ascribed to the depletion or excess of oxygen vacancies at the switching interface. Through a dc SET/RESET recovery operation, LRS/HRS states can be recovered after failure, indicating that the distribution of oxygen vacancies can be restored. By optimally balancing the SET/RESET pulse conditions, more than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> pulse endurance cycles is achieved.
Correction to “A Linearized, Low Phase Noise VCO Based 25 GHz PLL With Autonomic Biasing” (2013)

The authors of the above-named article [ibid., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1138-1150, May 2013] used a different variable, t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> , for the bias tuning knob in equation (3) as compared to in the rest of the paper. Using the consistent variable, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g, bias</sub> , for the bias tuning knob, the equation is revised.
The composition of decellularized extracellular matrix influences the biological activity of polymeric scaffolds (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Methylation of <i>TFPI2</i> in Stool DNA: A Potential Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Methylation of &lt;i&gt;TFPI2&lt;/i&gt; in Stool DNA: A Potential Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer
A shrunken-2 Transgene Increases Maize Yield by Acting in Maternal Tissues to Increase the Frequency of Seed Development (2012)

The maize (Zea mays) shrunken-2 (Sh2) gene encodes the large subunit of the rate-limiting starch biosynthetic enzyme, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Expression of a transgenic form of the enzyme with enhanced heat stability and reduced phosphate inhibition increased maize yield up to 64%. The extent of the yield increase is dependent on temperatures during the first 4 d post pollination, and yield is increased if average daily high temperatures exceed 33°C. As found in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa), this transgene increases maize yield by increasing seed number. This result was surprising, since an entire series of historic observations at the whole-plant, enzyme, gene, and physiological levels pointed to Sh2 playing an important role only in the endosperm. Here, we present several lines of evidence that lead to the conclusion that the Sh2 transgene functions in maternal tissue to increase seed number and, in turn, yield. Furthermore, the transgene does not increase ovary number; rather, it increases the probability that a seed will develop. Surprisingly, the number of fully developed seeds is only ∼50% of the number of ovaries in wild-type maize. This suggests that increasing the frequency of seed development is a feasible agricultural target, especially under conditions of elevated temperatures.
High sensitivity photoconductivity based measurement setup for the determination of effective recombination lifetime in silicon wafers (2009)

We describe a high sensitivity measurement setup for the determination of recombination parameters in semiconductors at low levels of carrier injection. The setup is based on a lock-in amplifier and on a commercially available contactless conductivity detector. The information on recombination is extracted through the analysis, assuming quasi-steady-state conditions, of the low frequency, sinusoidally modulated photoconductivity signal induced by the illumination of a 950 nm light emitting diode array. Experimental results show a substantial increase in sensitivity with respect to traditional transient or quasi-steady-state techniques based on the same detection principle. The sensitivity bonus can be exploited for the extension of the carrier injection range for which effective recombination lifetime is measurable, both in the case of p-type and n-type wafers.
A Rate Splitting Strategy for Mitigating Intra-Cell Pilot Contamination\n in Massive MIMO (2020)

The spectral efficiency (SE) of Massive MIMO (MaMIMO) systems is affected by\nlow quality channel estimates. Rate-Splitting (RS) has recently gained some\ninterest in multiuser multiple antenna systems as an effective means to\nmitigate the multi-user interference due to imperfect channel state\ninformation. This paper investigates the benefits of RS in the downlink of a\nsingle-cell MaMIMO system when all the users use the same pilot sequence for\nchannel estimation. Novel expressions for the SE achieved in the downlink by a\nsingle-layer RS strategy (that relies on a single successive interference\ncancellation at each user side) are derived and used to design precoding\nschemes and power allocation strategies for common and private messages.\nNumerical results are used to show that the proposed RS solution achieves\nhigher spectral efficiency that conventional MaMIMO with maximum ratio\nprecoding.\n
An ultra-potent synthetic nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by locking Spike into an inactive conformation (2020)

Without an effective prophylactic solution, infections from SARS-CoV-2 continue to rise worldwide with devastating health and economic costs. SARS-CoV-2 gains entry into host cells via an interaction between its Spike protein and the host cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Disruption of this interaction confers potent neutralization of viral entry, providing an avenue for vaccine design and for therapeutic antibodies. Here, we develop single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) that potently disrupt the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ACE2. By screening a yeast surface-displayed library of synthetic nanobody sequences, we identified a panel of nanobodies that bind to multiple epitopes on Spike and block ACE2 interaction via two distinct mechanisms. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) revealed that one exceptionally stable nanobody, Nb6, binds Spike in a fully inactive conformation with its receptor binding domains (RBDs) locked into their inaccessible down-state, incapable of binding ACE2. Affinity maturation and structure-guided design of multivalency yielded a trivalent nanobody, mNb6-tri, with femtomolar affinity for SARS-CoV-2 Spike and picomolar neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 infection. mNb6-tri retains stability and function after aerosolization, lyophilization, and heat treatment. These properties may enable aerosol-mediated delivery of this potent neutralizer directly to the airway epithelia, promising to yield a widely deployable, patient-friendly prophylactic and/or early infection therapeutic agent to stem the worst pandemic in a century.
Pairwise feature-interaction testing for SPLs (2011)

A fundamental problem of testing Software Product Lines (SPLs) is that variability enables the production of a large number of instances and it is difficult to construct and run test cases even for SPLs with a small number of variable features. Interacting features is a foundation of a fault model for SPLs, where faults are likely to be revealed at execution points where features exchange information with other features or influence one another. Therefore, a test adequacy criterion is to cover as many interactions among different features as possible, thus increasing the probability of finding bugs. Our approach combines a combinatorial designs algorithm for pairwise feature generation with model-based testing to reduce the size of the SPL required for comprehensive coverage of interacting features. We implemented our approach and applied it to an SPL from the automotive domain provided by one of our industrial partners. The results suggest that with our approach higher coverage of feature interactions is achieved at a fraction of cost when compared with a baseline approach of testing all feature interactions.
Cardiac CINE MR imaging with a 32‐channel cardiac coil and parallel imaging: Impact of acceleration factors on image quality and volumetric accuracy (2005)

This study shows that one-dimensional acceleration factors up to R = 4 allow accurate SSFP CINE MRI even though CNR is significantly reduced. This allows for a marked reduction in scan time and allows for multi-slice CINE imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Synthesis of Potent and Tissue‐Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs): 2‐(2,2,2)‐Trifluoroethylbenzimidazole Scaffold. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Repair of congenital 'disconnected uterus': a new female genital anomaly? (2014)

Congenital uterine anomaly is a female genital disorder caused by developmental anomaly of the Müllerian ducts. In this report, we present a case of repair of congenital 'disconnected uterus' between the cervix and the body of the uterus. The case did not correspond to the consensus classifications that have been proposed for congenital uterine anomaly. The patient was a young woman whose chief complaints were not having first menstruation and experiencing monthly severe lower abdominal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the uterine body was separated from the uterine cervix. Uteroplasty was conducted to anastomose the separated uterus. Periodic menstruation started 1 month after surgery and abdominal pain was improved. Performance of uteroplasty in this case was extremely significant and greatly improved the quality of life of the patient.
Regulation of Astrocyte Functions in Multiple Sclerosis (2018)

Astrocytes play complex roles in health and disease. Here, we review recent findings on molecular pathways that control astrocyte function in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as new tools for their investigation. In particular, we describe positive and negative regulators of astrocyte-mediated pathogenesis in MS, such as sphingolipid metabolism and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, respectively. In addition, we also discuss the issue of astrocyte heterogeneity and its relevance for the contribution of astrocytes to MS pathogenesis. Finally, we discuss how new genomic tools could transform the study of astrocyte biology in MS.
Mechanism of nickel disilicide growth caused by RIE plasma-induced damage on silicon substrate (2008)

Effects of dry-etching damage at the surface of p-type silicon on pyramidal spike growth of nickel disilicide (NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) were investigated by using sheet resistance (Rs) measurement, cross sectional SEM7TEM, UV Raman spectroscopy and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), and as a result, a model for nickel diffusion induced by vacancies was proposed. According to this model, the pyramidal spike shape growth of NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is enhanced by vacancies in silicon substrate generated by H ions projected during reactive ion etching (RIE). To confirm this model, Si ions were implanted prior to nickel deposition instead of RIE process, and the vacancies with the same depth in silicon substrate as those caused by H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ions during RIE were generated. The Rs increase of NiSi was successfully reproduced by this Si ion implantation technique. Then, it is concluded that pyramidal spike growth of MS12 is caused by the vacancies generated by H ion projected during RIE process before nickel silicidation.
Gate-All-Around Single-Crystal-Like Poly-Si Nanowire TFTs With a Steep-Subthreshold Slope (2013)

We investigate the characteristics of single-crystal-like (SCL) poly-Si nanowire (SCL poly-Si NW) thin-film-transistors with gate-all-around (GAA) structures. The GAA SCL poly-Si NWs are prepared by a modified sidewall spacer process utilizing an amorphous silicon ( α-Si) mesa structure. The combination of the high surface-to-volume ratio of the NW and a nominal gate length of 0.25 μm lead to clear improvement in electrical performance, including a steep subthreshold swing (90±15 mV/dec), a virtual absence of drain-induced barrier lowering (21±13 mV/V), and a very high ON/OFF current ratio ~ 7×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> =1 V, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> =3 V).
Preparation of soluble poly(carbonyldioxyglyceryl methacrylate) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of soluble poly(carbonyldioxyglyceryl methacrylate)Howard E. KatzCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 8, 2026–2027Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00174a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00174a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solidifiable composition for preparaton of liquid-infused slippery surfaces and methods of applying (2023)

A body having a lubricant reservoir is described, comprising: a porous polymeric body; and a lubricating liquid, said lubricating liquid occupying the pores to provide a lubricated porous surface having a lubricant reservoir and a lubricant overlayer over the polymer surface. Also described herein is a system for use in the formation of a low-adhesion and low-friction surface includes a flowable precursor composition comprising a prepolymer and a curing agent, said composition capable of application as a coating over a large surface area; a lubricating liquid that is capable of forming a coating with the hardened precursor composition, wherein the lubricating liquid and hardened polymer together form a coating of lubricating liquid stabilized on and in the hardened polymer; and instructions for applying the precursor composition onto a surface for the purpose of obtaining a low-adhesion and low-friction surface.
Aberrant DNA hypermethylation of SDHC: a novel mechanism of tumor development in Carney triad (2014)

Carney triad (CT) is a rare condition with synchronous or metachronous occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), paragangliomas (PGLs), and pulmonary chondromas in a patient. In contrast to Carney-Stratakis syndrome (CSS) and familial PGL syndromes, no germline or somatic mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex subunits A, B, C, or D have been found in most tumors and/or patients with CT. Nonetheless, the tumors arising among patients with CT, CSS, or familial PGL share a similar morphology with loss of the SDHB subunit on the protein level. For the current study, we employed massive parallel bisulfite sequencing to evaluate DNA methylation patterns in CpG islands in proximity to the gene loci of all four SDH subunits. For the first time, we report on a recurrent aberrant dense DNA methylation at the gene locus of SDHC in tumors of patients with CT, which was not present in tumors of patients with CSS or PGL, or in sporadic GISTs with KIT mutations. This DNA methylation pattern was correlated to a reduced mRNA expression of SDHC, and concurrent loss of the SDHC subunit on the protein level. Collectively, these data suggest epigenetic inactivation of the SDHC gene locus with functional impairment of the SDH complex as a plausible alternate mechanism of tumorigenesis in CT.
Lithographic performance of SiNx single-layer halftone mask (1995)

An aging process that makes SiNx single-layer halftone film stable for DUV (248 nm) exposure has been established. The light irradiation with a low pressure mercury lamp was used to age the SiNx halftone film from the tendency of the transmittance change caused by the DUV exposure. Taking account of the optical constants shift during aging process, a SiNx halftone film with transmittance T equals 9.3%, phase shift angle (theta) equals 178 degrees was obtained. At the SiNx film, no transmittance change was observed after 2800 J/cm<SUP>2</SUP> DUV exposure. Using the mask, 0.2 micrometers hole patterns were obtained with above 1.0 micrometers depth of focus (DOF).