gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-volatile resource provisioning for mission critical dynamic wavelength services on agile optically reconfigurable networks (2010)

Future optical backbone networks will be able to dynamically reconfigure optical connections in a few minutes and migrate the routes of existing connections with little service interruption at the IP layer, using the optical bridge-and-roll technique. A high data-rate dynamic wavelength service for these networks will provide more flexible connection services to customers. A customer owns or leases a few terminal ports in the network and is able to configure their connections freely between pairs of spare ports on demand. The carrier must provision enough resources in advance to accept any valid customer connection request. For mission critical services, connection interruptions are not allowed. In order to apply the dynamic services for these applications, the carrier must provide a non-volatile network such that the existing connections are not interrupted during reconfiguration of connection demands. This paper studies the volatility of optimal resource provisioning for dynamic wavelength services. We show that an optimal solution is volatile even if we use bridge-and-roll to migrate inappropriate routes. A non-volatile solution is then proposed at comparable cost for typical demands on a practical national core network.
Purine utilisation, de novo synthesis and degradation in mouse preimplantation embryos (1992)

The importance of de novo purine synthesis as opposed to the reutilisation of metabolites by salvage pathways, and the nature of the excretory product(s) of purine degradation, have been examined in cultured preimplantation mouse embryos. In the presence of azaserine and mycophenolic acid, which inhibit de novo purine synthesis, embryo cleavage was blocked prior to compaction, the precise stages at which this occurred depended on whether the cultures were established on day 1 or day 2 after fertilisation, and indicated that salvage pathways were insufficient to fulfil the demand for nucleotides during early preimplantation development. The end-product of purine degradation appeared to be xanthine, which was excreted in very small amounts on days 1, 2 and 3, with a pronounced rise from the early to late blastocyst. Uric acid formation or excretion could not be detected. Exogenous hypoxanthine and adenine, which partially inhibited development, were taken up by the embryos and converted to xanthine, most probably by salvage pathways, since the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which converts hypoxanthine directly to xanthine and then to uric acid, could not be detected. Exogenous guanine had little effect on development and was also converted to xanthine, but in this case, the conversion was probably in a single step, via the enzyme guanase.
Five-year outcomes of staged percutaneous coronary intervention in the SYNTAX study (2015)

There is a higher incidence of MACCE in patients undergoing staged compared to single-session PCI for 3-vessel and/or left main disease over the first five years of follow-up. However, these patients had more comorbidities and more diffuse disease.
Neurorescue by a ROS Decomposition Catalyst (2016)

The effect of the bis-sulfonated iron(III) corrole (1-Fe), a potent decomposition catalyst of reactive oxygen species, on rescuing SN4741 cells that were damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was investigated as an in vitro model system for studying cell death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Important findings that accompanied the ability to rescue dopaminergic neurons were increased expression of phenotypic dopaminergic proteins, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT), which were significantly depleted upon 6-OHDA-mediated damage. 1-Fe also elevated expression levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH-1), previously disclosed as a cardinal protein in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Since these findings suggested that 1-Fe affects quite a wide range of intracellular mechanisms, vital intracellular pathways that involve neuroplasticity, growth, differentiation and survival of neurons, were examined. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase c (PKC) were found to be involved, as pharmacological inhibitors of these kinases abolished the neurorescue effect of 1-Fe. 1-Fe also elevated the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, which is essential for proper mitochondrial function and cellular survival. The overall conclusion is that 1-Fe is capable of rescuing already damaged neuronal cells by a variety of mechanisms that are beyond its antioxidant activity.
Revision Hip Arthroscopy Indications and Outcomes: A Systematic Review (2015)

Level IV, systematic review of Level III and IV studies.
Aromatic Ketone-Catalyzed Photochemical Synthesis of Imidazo-isoquinolinone Derivatives (2021)

We have developed an efficient photocatalytic decarboxylative radical addition/cyclization strategy to synthesize imidazo-isoquinolinone derivatives using inexpensive aromatic ketone photocatalysts. This method not only tolerates a wide range of functional groups but also works well for both alkyl and aryl radicals.
Discovering natural object categories (1986)

We assume that visual object recognition occurs by mapping incoming visual data onto a set of object categories. A claim is made that the world is structured in such a way that allows a definition of natural classes and that these classes should be the basis for visual categorization. Therefore, a vision system that is to perform successful visual categorization in the natural world must be able to recover these natural classes.
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab in refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma: a phase II prospective clinical trial (2013)

Cetuximab is an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody approved for the treatment of colorectal and head and neck cancer [1]. EGFR is also expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) [2,3]. Th e inhibition of EGFR has been shown to induce apoptosis in myeloma cells revealing a synergistic eff ect with dexamethasone [2]. Th us, the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab might be of clinical benefi t in the treatment of MM, especially in combination with dexamethasone. Here, we report the fi nal results of the fi rst clinical trial with an anti-EGFR antibody in MM, the EMMA1 trial. Eligible patients were adults with recurrent or refractory Durie – Salmon stage II or III MM who were not candidates for or had already undergone high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). Review boards at participating institutions approved the study, which was conducted according to the International Conference on Harmonization and the Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki 1995. EMMA1 was an open-label, non-randomized phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifi er: NCT00368121). Th e primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) after 16 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints included adverse events during treatment, freedom from treatment failure (FFTF), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Clinical benefi t rate (CB, defi nition: at least stable disease [SD]) was calculated in post hoc analyses. Patients received a cetuximab loading dose of 400 mg/m 2 intravenously on day 1 followed by weekly administrations of 250 mg/m 2 intravenously. Patients achieving at least SD after 4 weeks or responding to treatment within 8 weeks received cetuximab for a total of 16 weeks. Patients not achieving stable disease after 4 weeks or a response after 8 weeks of cetuximab treatment additionally received 20 mg oral dexamethasone on days 1 – 3 of each 7-day cycle. Patients achieving a response or stable disease after 16 weeks of treatment could continue study medication for an additional 6 months (patients receiving cetuximab alone) or for an additional 3 months (patients receiving cetuximab plus dexamethasone; dexamethasone was tapered down according to local guidelines). Responding patients who relapsed during the follow-up period of 2 years were off ered a second treatment with cetuximab following initial study guidelines. Tumor response was monitored by quantitative serum
S824 Humoral Response to Ad26.COV2.S and SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2021)

Introduction: Currently, two vaccine platforms have been granted U.S. emergency use authorization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention: mRNA (mRNA-1273 (Moderna/NIH), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech)) and adenovirus vector (Ad26.CoV2.S (J&J)). We compared humoral responses across these vaccines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: In adults with IBD who received either 2 doses of mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2, or 1 dose of Ad26.CoV2.S, we analyzed plasma antibodies to the viral spike protein receptor binding domain [IgG(S-RBD)] using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG-II assay (Abbott Labs, Abbott Park, IL). We measured antibody levels at dose 1 (D1), dose 2 (D2), and weeks 2 (W2), and 8 (W8) thereafter; IgG(S)≥50 AU/mL was defined as positive response. We excluded those with positive IgG(N) at baseline. We used t-tests to compare mean log-IgG(S) levels at each timepoint. We used multivariable linear regression to adjust for medication and time elapsed between complete vaccination and bio sampling. Results: Of the 353 vaccine recipients 148 (42%), 193 (55%), and 12 (3%) received Moderna, Pfizer and J&J respectively. Demographic and disease characteristics were similar across vaccine groups (Table). By W2, positive antibody levels were detected in 121 (100%), 142 (99%), and 9 (90%) across the respective groups (Figure). Quantitative responses at W2 and W8 were significantly lower among recipients of J&J relative to Moderna and Pfizer (p< 0.0001 each) (Figure). In multivariable analyses, shorter time to measurement, J&J vaccine type, and immunosuppressed status were associated with significantly lower W8 IgG(S) titers. Conclusion: Protective IgG(S) titers were achieved in virtually all vaccine recipients regardless of platform. However, IBD J&J recipients had significantly lower antibody levels than IBD recipients of the mRNA vaccines. Clinical implications of lower but positive antibody titers are unknown but need investigation. Our findings suggest that studies to determine both long term humoral as well as T cell responses to the various vaccine modalities are needed. These studies will inform future management, including booster strategies, in IBD patients as well as in the general population.Figure 1.: Self-efficacy is associated with patient activation and medication adherenceTable 1.: Demographics and biomarkers of initial cohort and follow-up cohort
A 6Kbps to 85Kbps scalable audio coder (2002)

Scalable audio coding is important in network environments, such as the Internet, where bandwidth is not guaranteed, packet loss is common, and client connection data rates are heterogeneous. Signal models provide a general framework for attacking a wide range of challenges in the unicast delivery of real-time audio over packet switched networks. The specific signal model in this work generates a parametric representation for general wide-band audio signals. The model consists of three complementary components: sines, transients, and noise. Because the human hearing system ultimately judges the validity of a model for audio signals, psychoacoustic principles are explicitly considered in the three part model. Once analyzed, the parameters are quantized, compressed and packed into a single 85Kbps bit-stream. From this bit-stream, bit-streams at several bit-rates between 6Kbps and 85Kbps may be readily extracted. The audio coder offers a wide range of scalability while the audio quality of the coding scheme gracefully degrades from perceptually lossless to low-quality.
An Alkynylboronic Ester Annulation: Development of Synthetic Methods for Application to Diversity-Oriented Organic Synthesis (2002)

Branched networks of reactions create variety in this synthesis of trisubstituted allenes and functionalized enones from readily available homoallylic alcohols in just two steps, by using a new alkynylboronic ester annulation (see scheme; Mes=2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, Cy=cyclohexyl). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19567_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Wiretap Channel With Causal State Information (2012)

A lower bound on the secrecy capacity of the wiretap channel with state information available causally at both the encoder and the decoder is established. The lower bound is shown to be strictly larger than that for the noncausal case by Liu and Chen. Achievability is proved using block Markov coding, Shannon strategy, and key generation from common state information. The state sequence available at the end of each block is used to generate a key to enhance the transmission rate of the confidential message in the following block. An upper bound on the secrecy capacity when the state is available noncausally at the encoder and the decoder is established and is shown to coincide with the aforementioned lower bound for several classes of wiretap channels with state.
Discovery of a Potent Degrader for Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1/2 (2021)

Aberrant activation of FGFR signaling occurs in many cancers, and ATP-competitive FGFR inhibitors have received regulatory approval. Despite demonstrating clinical efficacy, these inhibitors exhibit dose-limiting toxicity, potentially due to a lack of selectivity amongst the FGFR family and are poorly tolerated. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of DGY-09-192, a bivalent degrader that couples the pan-FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 to a CRL2<sup>VHL</sup> E3 ligase recruiting ligand, which preferentially induces FGFR1&2 degradation while largely sparing FGFR3&4. DGY-09-192 exhibited two-digit nanomolar DC<sub>50</sub> s for both wildtype FGFR2 and several FGFR2-fusions, resulting in degradation-dependent antiproliferative activity in representative gastric cancer and cholangiocarcinoma cells. Importantly, DGY-09-192 induced degradation of a clinically relevant FGFR2 fusion protein in a xenograft model. Taken together, we demonstrate that DGY-09-192 has potential as a prototype FGFR degrader.
High throughput generated micro-aggregates of chondrocytes stimulate cartilage formation in vitro and in vivo (2012)

Cell-based cartilage repair strategies such as matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) could be improved by enhancing cell performance. We hypothesised that micro-aggregates of chondrocytes generated in high-throughput prior to implantation in a defect could stimulate cartilaginous matrix deposition and remodelling. To address this issue, we designed a micro-mould to enable controlled high-throughput formation of micro-aggregates. Morphology, stability, gene expression profiles and chondrogenic potential of micro-aggregates of human and bovine chondrocytes were evaluated and compared to single-cells cultured in micro-wells and in 3D after encapsulation in Dextran-Tyramine (Dex-TA) hydrogels in vitro and in vivo. We successfully formed micro-aggregates of human and bovine chondrocytes with highly controlled size, stability and viability within 24 hours. Micro-aggregates of 100 cells presented a superior balance in Collagen type I and Collagen type II gene expression over single cells and micro-aggregates of 50 and 200 cells. Matrix metalloproteinases 1, 9 and 13 mRNA levels were decreased in micro-aggregates compared to single-cells. Histological and biochemical analysis demonstrated enhanced matrix deposition in constructs seeded with micro-aggregates cultured in vitro and in vivo, compared to single-cell seeded constructs. Whole genome microarray analysis and single gene expression profiles using human chondrocytes confirmed increased expression of cartilage-related genes when chondrocytes were cultured in micro-aggregates. In conclusion, we succeeded in controlled high-throughput formation of micro-aggregates of chondrocytes. Compared to single cell-seeded constructs, seeding of constructs with micro-aggregates greatly improved neo-cartilage formation. Therefore, micro-aggregation prior to chondrocyte implantation in current MACI procedures, may effectively accelerate hyaline cartilage formation.
Leveraging Photometric Consistency over Time for Sparsely Supervised Hand-Object Reconstruction (2020)

Modeling hand-object manipulations is essential for understanding how humans interact with their environment. While of practical importance, estimating the pose of hands and objects during interactions is challenging due to the large mutual occlusions that occur during manipulation. Recent efforts have been directed towards fully-supervised methods that require large amounts of labeled training samples. Collecting 3D ground-truth data for hand-object interactions, however, is costly, tedious, and error-prone. To overcome this challenge we present a method to leverage photometric consistency across time when annotations are only available for a sparse subset of frames in a video. Our model is trained end-to-end on color images to jointly reconstruct hands and objects in 3D by inferring their poses. Given our estimated reconstructions, we differentiably render the optical flow between pairs of adjacent images and use it within the network to warp one frame to another. We then apply a self-supervised photometric loss that relies on the visual consistency between nearby images. We achieve state-of-the-art results on 3D hand-object reconstruction benchmarks and demonstrate that our approach allows us to improve the pose estimation accuracy by leveraging information from neighboring frames in low-data regimes.
Preparation of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-1,3-oxazines and Their Use as Potential 1,3-Amino Alcohol Synthons (1995)

3,6-Dihydro-2H-1,3-oxazines, which can be readily prepared by reaction of β-hydroxyaldehydes with N-sulfinyl-p-toluenesulfonamide, are useful intermediates for stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-amino alcohol derivatives.
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Gas‐Induced Breakup of Liquid Threads Stretched by Gravity (2011)

Abstract Sprays with narrowly distributed drop sizes can be produced by atomization systems operating according to the principle of breakup of stretched liquid threads. The mean drop size depending on the process parameters is of major interest for a reliable process design. Thus, a model for the description of the breakup process of stretched liquid threads with laminar flow is introduced. Thread extension by gravity and gas‐induced disturbances are considered in order to predict the mean droplet size. The numerical and experimental results exhibit satisfying accordance.
Electron beam induced surface nucleation and low-temperature decomposition of metal carbonyls (1988)

The kinetics of low-energy electron beam induced metal film nucleation have been investigated. Experiments performed were the deposition of Fe and Cr from Fe(CO)5 and Cr(CO)6, respectively. It was found that the activation energy for the autocatalytic thermal decomposition of these compounds was lower than the activation energy for decomposition on Si surface. The autocatalytic activation energies were measured as 0.14 eV for Fe(CO)5 and 1.02 eV for Cr(CO)6. The electron beam induced nucleation, together with the rapid autocatalytic decomposition, allowed for selective area metal film growth. A qualitative model based on classical nucleation theory describes well the effect of electron irradiation in inducing film growth. The electron beam induced nucleation step has been modeled in more detail and shows a t4 dependence for the early stages of film growth, in agreement with the observed data.
Multifocus off-axis zone plates for x-ray free-electron laser experiments (2020)

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are paving the way towards new experiments in many scientific fields, such as ultrafast science, nonlinear spectroscopy, and coherent imaging. However, the strong intensity fluctuations inherent to the lasing process in these sources often lead to problems in signal normalization. In order to address this challenge, we designed, fabricated, and characterized diffractive x-ray optics that combine the focusing properties of a Fresnel zone plate with the beam-splitting capability of a grating in a single diffractive optical element. The possibility to split the incident beam into identical copies allows for direct shot-to-shot normalization of the sample signal, thereby greatly enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio in experiments with XFEL radiation. Here we propose two schemes for the design of such diffractive x-ray optical elements for splitting and focusing an incoming beam into up to three foci by merging a grating with a focusing zone plate. By varying the duty cycle of the grating or the relative shift of the Fresnel zone plate structure, we are able to tune the relative intensities of the different diffraction orders to achieve the desired splitting ratios. Experimental confirmation of the design is provided with soft x-ray light (540 eV) and shows a good agreement with calculations, confirming the suitability of this approach for XFEL experiments.
A &#x00B1;5A battery current sensor with &#x00B1;0.04% gain error from &#x2212;55&#x00B0;C to &#x002B;125&#x00B0;C (2013)

This paper describes a battery current sensor (CS) that consists of a calibrated 10mΩ shunt resistor, and a chip comprising a switched-capacitor (SC) ΔΣ ADC and a bandgap reference (BGR). The chip was realized in a standard 0.13μm CMOS process, occupies 1.15mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and draws 55μA from a 1.5V supply. With an off-chip shunt it can digitize bi-directional currents ranging from -5A to +5A with 150μA offset and ±0.04% gain error over the military temperature range (-55°C to +125°C). This performance is achieved by using room temperature trimming, dynamic error correction techniques, a dynamic BGR and a low-leakage sensor front-end.
Effectiveness of Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Biofilm Disruptors and Resistance Breakers in Gram-negative (ESKAPEE) Bacteria (2019)

Antibiotic resistance represents a significant threat to the modern healthcare provision. The ESKAPEE pathogens, in particular, have proven to be especially challenging to treat, due to their intrinsic and acquired ability to rapidly develop resistance mechanisms in response to environmental threats. The development of biofilm has been characterised as an essential contributing factor towards antimicrobial-resistance and tolerance. Several studies have implicated the involvement of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance, both directly, via drug extrusion and indirectly, through the formation of biofilm. As a result, the underlying mechanism of these pumps has attracted considerable interest due to the potential of targeting these protein structures and developing novel adjunct therapies. Subsequent investigations have revealed the ability of efflux pump-inhibitors (EPIs) to block drug-extrusion and disrupt biofilm formation, thereby, potentiating antibiotics and reversing resistance of pathogen towards them. This review will discuss the potential of EPIs as a possible solution to antimicrobial resistance, examining different challenges to the design of these compounds, with an emphasis on Gram-negative ESKAPEE pathogens.