gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular structure of polypropylene fibers formed with addition of functionalized graphene oxide (2020)

Pimelic acid and calcium hydroxide were used to attach calcium pimelate to the surface of graphene oxide. The additive was mixed with isotactic polypropylene granulate. Neat polypropylene and polypropylene with functionalized graphene oxide was extruded into fibers under laboratory conditions. The gravity spun fibers containing different concentration of the additive and the fibers taken at various velocities were obtained. Morphology and elemental composition of functionalized graphene oxide were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structure of fibers was examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The ability of calcium pimelate supported on the surface of the graphene oxide to nucleate the β-form of polypropylene was revealed. A considerable amount of the β-form crystals was obtained in the gravity spun fibers. In the fibers taken at moderate and higher velocities the β-form disappeared. The structure of the fibers extruded with the additive was similar to the structure of the fibers extruded from neat polypropylene. At moderate velocities, the content of mesophase in the structure was high. At higher velocities, the crystalline structure built only from α-form crystals was obtained. The paper presents a discussion of the changes observed in the fiber structure in connection with polypropylene nucleation.
Absorption spectra versus field distribution for metal-dielectric three-dimensional photonic crystals (2008)

The absorption spectra of three-dimensional metal-dielectric photonic crystals (PCs) are studied using computer simulation by the finite difference time domain method and the layered Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method. The band structure of a three-dimensional dielectric PC is obtained by the plane wave expansion method. The explanation of absorption spectra of PC based on its comparison with the band structure and Fabry-Perot resonances inside a PC plate is given. The intensity distribution of an electric field using FDTD inside the metal-dielectric PC for three various structures is analyzed. It is shown that spherical cavities in a dielectric PC “focus” the field inside cavities at certain wavelengths. This leads to an increase of absorption at these wavelengths if metal spheres are located in the centers of those cavities. This effect can be considered as an analogue of the Borrmann effect in X-ray spectroscopy.
Adaptive array processing for acoustic communications through time-varying ocean channels (1998)

In many underwater environments, the acoustic communications channel is reasonably modeled using a micro/macro multipath model. While this model was developed by Flatte [S. M. Flatte, Sound Transmission Through a Fluctuating Ocean (Cambridge U.P., Cambridge, 1979)] and others to describe the effect which random channel fluctuations caused by linear internal waves have on propagating narrow-band acoustic signals, it provides a useful paradigm for modeling the effects of a wider range of environmental fluctuations on wideband communications signals. With this paradigm as a starting point, an analytic two-level model for the effect of random channel fluctuations is presented and compared with experimental data. Using the two-level model, a two-stage adaptive array processing algorithm is developed for processing acoustic communications signals. The algorithm exploits the space/time correlation structure of the received signals which is implied by the channel fluctuation model. The performance of this algorithm in terms of both bit error rate and computational efficiency is analyzed and compared with that of other multi-channel communications algorithms. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-95-1-1316.]
Multivariate background correction for hyphenated chromatography detectors (1999)

This paper reports a new multivariate method of background correction for hyphenated chromatography data such as diode array HPLC and diode array capillary electrophoresis (CE) measured under conditions of low signal-to-noise. The new method is able to correct linear and curved dynamically shifting baselines, a significant problem that limits the precision of CE assays. Its use is illustrated with nine simulated and 63 measured data sets. Serial dilutions were used to give measured data sets with a signal-to-noise ratio down to 10:1. The method's usefulness for routine operation was demonstrated by applying it to the above 72 data sets in an ‘automatic’ mode without any user interaction. In many cases these experiments showed improved precision and quantitative accuracy of peak areas after multivariate background correction. In most other cases the background correction method was neutral, i.e. it did not harm the peak area accuracy and precision where background offsets were absent or were too small to be reliably corrected. Compared with second-order calibration methods such as the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) which can also correct for unknown background signals, the new method is insensitive to variation in peak shape and retention time from run to run, and prior knowledge in the form of standards is not needed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An intranucleolar body associated with rDNA (2011)

The nucleolus is the subnuclear organelle responsible for ribosome subunit biogenesis and can also act as a stress sensor. It forms around clusters of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and is mainly organised in three subcompartments, i.e. fibrillar centre, dense fibrillar component and granular component. Here, we describe the localisation of 21 protein factors to an intranucleolar region different to these main subcompartments, called the intranucleolar body (INB). These factors include proteins involved in DNA maintenance, protein turnover, RNA metabolism, chromatin organisation and the post-translational modifiers SUMO1 and SUMO2/3. Increase in the size and number of INBs is promoted by specific types of DNA damage and depends on the functional integrity of the nucleolus. INBs are abundant in nucleoli of unstressed cells during S phase and localise in close proximity to rDNA with heterochromatic features. The data suggest the INB is linked with regulation of rDNA transcription and/or maintenance of rDNA.
The Six-Port Technique with Microwave and Wireless Applications (2009)

Metamorphosis of the Drosophila brain involves pruning of many larval-specific dendrites and axons followed by outgrowth of adult-specific processes. From a genetic mosaic screen, we recovered two independent mutations that block neuronal remodeling in the mushroom bodies (MBs). These phenotypically indistinguishable mutations affect Baboon function, a Drosophila TGF-beta/activin type I receptor, and dSmad2, its downstream transcriptional effector. We also show that Punt and Wit, two type II receptors, act redundantly in this process. In addition, knocking out dActivin around the mid-third instar stage interferes with remodeling. Binding of the insect steroid hormone ecdysone to distinct ecdysone receptor isoforms induces different metamorphic responses in various larval tissues. Interestingly, expression of the ecdysone receptor B1 isoform (EcR-B1) is reduced in activin pathway mutants, and restoring EcR-B1 expression significantly rescues remodeling defects. We conclude that the Drosophila Activin signaling pathway mediates neuronal remodeling in part by regulating EcR-B1 expression.
Uptake studies with Aplidin, a marine depsipeptide under clinical development (2007)

1564 Aplidin (plitidepsin) is a promising novel agent, currently in phase II trials for the treatment of acute leukemia. Phase I studies show that Aplidin does not have significant marrow toxicity at the MTD. In order to understand the relative selectivity for leukemia and lymphoma cells, and the synergy we have demonstrated with cytarabine (Banerjee D, et al. Blood. 207b: 4496, 2004), we have initiated studies of its transport in leukemia and lymphoma cell lines as well as in blasts from leukemia patients. In SKI-DLBCL cells, a large B-cell lymphoma cell line, C14 Aplidin uptake is rapid, and peaks @ 15-30 minutes, followed by a rapid decrease in intracellular levels by 60 minutes. Concomitant exposure to Cytarabine increased Aplidin uptake by 20%, providing a possible explanation for the cytotoxic synergy observed. Uptake was ATP dependent, as a one hr exposure in glucose-free medium containing sodium azide and 2-deoxyglucose markedly reduced drug uptake, that was reversed by addition of MgATP. A previous study in Jurkat cells indicated that Aplidin was incorporated into lipid rafts, where it aggregated with death receptors, ligands and down stream molecules, triggering cell death processes (Gajate C and Mollinedo F, JBC 280: 11641-11647, 2005). Using methyl -B- cyclodextrin, a compound that disrupts lipid rafts by extracting cholesterol, we found that Aplidin uptake was inhibited in Jurkat cells, but not in HL-60, K562, and CEM-CCRF cells, indicating that the mechanism of cytotoxicity of Aplidin may differ depending on the cell type. Based on these and previous studies indicating that Aplidin decreases cellular ATP content (Humeniuk et al., submitted), we hypothesize that Aplidin toxicity in most leukemia and lymphoma cells is due to a pharmacodynamic effect at the mitochondrial level.
Nanomechanics of cellulose deformation reveal molecular defects that facilitate natural deconstruction (2019)

Technologies surrounding utilization of cellulosic materials have been integral to human society for millennia. In many materials, controlled introduction of defects provides a means to tailor properties, introduce reactivity, and modulate functionality for various applications. The importance of defects in defining the behavior of cellulose is becoming increasingly recognized. However, fully exploiting defects in cellulose to benefit biobased materials and conversion applications will require an improved understanding of the mechanisms of defect induction and corresponding molecular-level consequences. We have identified a fundamental relationship between the macromolecular structure and mechanical behavior of cellulose nanofibrils whereby molecular defects may be induced when the fibrils are subjected to bending stress exceeding a certain threshold. By nanomanipulation, imaging, and molecular modeling, we demonstrate that cellulose nanofibrils tend to form kink defects in response to bending stress, and that these macromolecular features are often accompanied by breakages in the glucan chains. Direct observation of deformed cellulose fibrils following partial enzymatic digestion reveals that processive cellulases exploit these defects as initiation sites for hydrolysis. Collectively, our findings provide a refined understanding of the interplay between the structure, mechanics, and reactivity of cellulose assemblies.
Mixed reality environment for autonomous robot development (2008)

This video demonstrates a mixed reality (MR) environment which is constructed for development of autonomous behaviors of robots. Many kinds of functions are required to be integrated for realizing an autonomous behavior. For example, autonomous navigation of humanoid robots needs functions, such as, recognition of environment, localization and mapping, path planning, gait planning, dynamically stable biped walking pattern generation, and sensor feedback stabilization of walking. Technologies to realize each function are well investigated by many research works. However, another effort is required for constructing an autonomous behavior by integrating those functions. We demonstrate a MR environment in which internal status of a robot, such as, sensor status, recognition results, planning results, and motion control parameters, can be projected to the environment and its body. We can understand intuitively how each function works as a part of total system in the real environment by using the proposed system, and it helps solving the integration problems. The overview of the system, projection of each internal status, and the application to an autonomous locomotion experiment are presented in the video clip.
XY scan engine with microradian accuracy (1995)

This paper analyzes the sources of error which shape the accuracy of a flat field raster scanning engine. It briefly describes the critical characteristics of the optical elements, scanners, electronics, laser, and structural design selected to build an engine with a system of accuracy of 0.35 micron, a 3.5 micron spot, and a telecentric work area of 25 mm diameter.
Phenotypic diversity in autosomal-dominant cone-rod dystrophy elucidated by adaptive optics retinal imaging (2017)

AOSLO imaging demonstrated variability in the pattern of cone and rod cell loss between two teenage cousins with early AD-CRD, who had similar clinical features and had the identical disease-causing mutation in <i>GUCA1A</i>. This finding suggests that a mutation in <i>GUCA1A</i> does not lead to the same degree of AD-CRD in all patients. Modifying factors may mitigate or augment disease severity, leading to different retinal cellular phenotypes.
All-Polymer Photovoltaic Devices of Poly(3-(4-n-octyl)-phenylthiophene) from Grignard Metathesis (GRIM) Polymerization (2009)

The synthesis of poly[3-(4-n-octyl)-phenylthiophene] (POPT) from Grignard Metathesis (GRIM) is reported. GRIM POPT is found to have favorable electronic, optical, and processing properties for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Space-charge limited current and field effect transistor measurements for POPT yielded hole mobilities of 1 x 10(-4) cm(2)/(V s) and 0.05 cm(2)/(V s), respectively. Spincasting GRIM POPT from chlorobenzene yields a thin film with a 1.8 eV band gap, and PC(61)BM:POPT bulk heterojection devices provide a peak performance of 3.1%. Additionally, an efficiency of 2.0% is achieved in an all-polymer, bilayer OPV using poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-(1-cyanovinylene)phenylene] (CNPPV) as an acceptor. This state-of-the-art all-polymer device is analyzed in comparison to the analogous poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/CNPPV device. Counter to expectations based on more favorable energy level alignment, greater active layer light absorption, and similar hole mobility, P3HT/CNPPV devices perform less well than POPT/CNPPV devices with a peak efficiency of 0.93%.
Erk5 Is a Key Regulator of Naive-Primed Transition and Embryonic Stem Cell Identity (2016)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew or differentiate into any cell type, a phenomenon known as pluripotency. Distinct pluripotent states, termed naive and primed pluripotency, have been described. However, the mechanisms that control naive-primed pluripotent transition are poorly understood. Here, we perform a targeted screen for kinase inhibitors, which modulate the naive-primed pluripotent transition. We find that XMD compounds, which selectively inhibit Erk5 kinase and BET bromodomain family proteins, drive ESCs toward primed pluripotency. Using compound selectivity engineering and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we reveal distinct functions for Erk5 and Brd4 in pluripotency regulation. We show that Erk5 signaling maintains ESCs in the naive state and suppresses progression toward primed pluripotency and neuroectoderm differentiation. Additionally, we identify a specialized role for Erk5 in defining ESC lineage selection, whereby Erk5 inhibits a cardiomyocyte-specific differentiation program. Our data therefore reveal multiple critical functions for Erk5 in controlling ESC identity.
Investigations on the Equivalent Magnetic Noise of Magneto(Elasto)Electric Sensors by Using Modulation Techniques (2014)

The equivalent magnetic noise of the magnetoelectric (ME) layered composite sensors has been investigated for various modulation techniques. The ME thin film response to an electric modulation or a magnetic modulation can be sensed by using either a charge amplifier or a coil wound around the sample and then demodulated by a synchronous detector. The equivalent magnetic noise for these excitations methods has been compared. As expected, the low-frequency fluctuations can be lowered when the magnetoelectric sensor is operated in a modulation mode. Results show that these methods can give the same level of equivalent magnetic noise for a certain strain-excitation. In theory, mechanical noise appears as the only dominant noise source after the demodulation process in the case of a certain strong amplitude excitation carrier signal. By using these modulation techniques, an equivalent magnetic noise level of 10-100 pT/Hz at 1 Hz was achieved with DC capability.
Numerical Analysis Of A Contact Problem In Membrane Theory (1983)

In this paper the finite elements analysis of a contact problem between two membranes is discussed. The convergence property of the piecewise linear approximation to the true solution is proved and an iterative single step algorithm is given for the numerical computations. and let us assume displacements to be small and reactions in the contact peints to be parallel to the z-axis.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-8 from Hypoxic Conversion of SMAD7 Function from an Inhibitor into a Promoter of Cell Invasion (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-8 from Hypoxic Conversion of SMAD7 Function from an Inhibitor into a Promoter of Cell Invasion
Effects of BETX on the Abnormal Geopressures (2015)

Abstract Generation/accumulation of hydrocarbon has been considered as one of the most plausible mechanisms related to abnormal geopressures observed in many conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In this presentation, we demonstrate that hydrocarbon compositions and phase behaviors of the petroleum fluid can be closely related to the observed abnormal geopressures (either overpressure or underpressure) phenomena. Vapor-Liquid Equilibriums (VLE) of various binary hydrocarbon mixtures as functions of temperature and pressure are determined using the Peneloux Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) Equation of State (EoS) method. Our results indicate that (1) Existence of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene, and Xylene (BETX) could mix with hydrocarbon gases in porous spaces under typical offshore shallow well conditions. (2) Abnormal geopressures could occur when the hydrocarbon mixture undergoes a phase transformation acrossing the bubble or dew linee, i.e., when the vapor-liquid co-existance zone disappears. And (3) whether if a geopressure is overpressure or underpressure is determined from the critical temperature (Tc) of the petroleum fluid and the reservoir temperature T. When T &amp;gt; Tc, the hydrocarbon mixture will be in the supercritical phase with increasing pressure and an overpressure zone can be formed, whereas for T &amp;lt; Tc, all hydrocarbon will go into a condensed liquid phase to form an underpressure zone. Our interpretation can be applied to both underpressure and overpressure theoretical models. Accurate knowledge of pore pressure is fundamental to any safe and economic well construction. Various interpretation/prediction models have been developed to incorporate geopressure into the reservoir and basin modeling. This work intends to demonstrate that the phase behavior of hydrocarbons plays an important role in pore pressures.
A Simulation-Based Survey of Active Queue Management Algorithms (2018)

Active Queue Management (AQM) has been used in routers for early detection of traffic congestion at the bottleneck link. In AQM, packets can be drop before the buffer becomes full, based on many different parameters or conditions. Many algorithms have been proposed to efficiently control the congestion in the network. The scope of this paper is to analyze the most recent and well-known AQM algorithms and evaluate their performance under heavy hybrid traffic load (TCP and UDP flows), using NS-3 network simulator. For the comparative analysis, various metrics are taken into account, including queue length, jitter, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio, and page load time. Results show that one of AQM algorithms can also be used for the purpose of QoS.
Synthesis, Fabrication, and Heterostructure of Charged, Substituted Polystyrene Multilayer Dielectrics and Their Effects in Pentacene Transistors (2016)

Charge trapping and storage in polymer dielectrics can be harnessed to control semiconductor devices. Organic transistor (OFET) gate insulators affect bias stress and threshold voltage (Vth), and charging them can preset the operating voltages and control bias stress. We describe a chemical design and film fabrication procedure for construction of stacks of polystyrene (PS) layers, each with arbitrary concentrations of potentially chargeable functional groups. Thermal cross-linking of benzocyclobutene subunits ensures layer integrity while keeping the layers free of polar functionality and small molecule byproducts. Neutron reflectivity (NR), scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that individual layer thicknesses varied systematically with polymer concentration in deposition solutions, and interfacial thicknesses ranged from 1.5 to 4 nm, independent of layer thickness, demonstrating formation of distinct layers with minimal roughness or intermixing. The PS-based materials were used as the sole gate dielectrics for pentacene OFETs. We compared Vth before and after charging. Increased bias stress stability as evidenced by reduced Vth shift was seen in devices with trilayer dielectrics with substituted PS as the middle layer compared to a dielectric made from unsubstituted PS. On the other hand, increased Vth shift was seen in many devices with bilayer dielectrics made with substituted PS as the top layer. We attribute the decreased Vth shift seen in trilayer devices to an increased dielectric polarization of the substituted PS in the middle layer that countered the charge trapping effect in the top layer. This demonstration establishes a method for utilizing vertical charge patterns for various electronics applications.
An Enhanced Fast Handover Scheme with Crossover Router Pre-Discovery support in Mobile IPv6 (2006)

This paper presents an enhanced fast handover scheme in mobile IPv6 named crossover based fast handover mobile IPv6 (X-FMIPv6). We propose a lightweight crossover router pre-discovery process that identifies the location of CR in advance, before the MN actually makes handoff. A tunnel is setup between Crossover Router and NAR to minimize not only the service disruption time but also the redundant routing and network resource utilization. The numerical results indicate that our proposed scheme can improve handover efficiency in comparison with other existing solutions.
Wire-length prediction using statistical techniques (2005)

We address the classic wire-length estimation problem and propose a new statistical wire-length estimation approach that captures the probability distribution function of net lengths after placement and before routing. The wire-length prediction model was developed using a combination of parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques. The model predicts not only the length of the net using input parameters extracted from the floorplan of a design, but also probability distributions that a net with given characteristics obtained after placement will have a particular length. The model is validated using both learn-and-test and resubstitution techniques. The model can be used for a variety of purposes, including the generation of a large number of statistically sound and therefore realistic instances of designs. We applied the net models to the probabilistic buffer insertion problem and obtained substantial improvement in net delay after routing.
The role of pharmaceutical considerations on the choice of allergens in a standard series for patch testing (1996)

American Contact Dermatitis Society Annual Meeting Abstracts: February 9, 1996 Washington, DC: PDF Only