gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory therapy by ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in demyelination of twitcher, a genetic demyelination model. (2005)

BACKGROUND: Twitcher mouse (twi/twi) is an authentic murine model of Krabbe's disease. Accumulation of psychosine, resulting in apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and subsequent demyelination, is a cardinal event to the pathogenesis of this disease. Moreover, recruitment of inflammatory cells plays a significant role in the pathological process in the twi/twi central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, we investigated the 1) the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), pro-inflammatory cytokine, and the progression of this disease and 2) effect of the anti-inflammatory therapy by ibudilast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. METHODS: We quantified the expression level of TNFalpha and TNF-receptor mRNA in twi/twi using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The relationship between TNFalpha expression, apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and demyelination was studied with immunohistochemistry and TUNEL method. We then treated twi/twi with a daily intraperitoneal injection of ibudilast (10 mg/kg), which suppress TNFalpha production in the brain. RESULTS: We found that TNFalpha-immunoreactive microglia/macrophages appeared in the twi/twi brain and that the mRNA levels of TNFalpha and TNF-receptor 1 was increased with the progression of demyelination. The distribution profile of TNFalpha-immunoreactive microglia/macrophages overlapped that of TUNEL-positive oligodendrocytes in the twi/twi brain. When twi/twi was treated with ibudilast from PND30, the number of oligodendrocytes undergoing apoptosis was markedly reduced and demyelination was milder. Obvious improvement of clinical symptom was noted in two of five. The failure of constant clinical improvement by ibudilast may result from hepatotoxicity and/or the inhibition of proliferation of NG2-positive oligodendrocyte precursors. CONCLUSION: We conclude that anti-inflammatory therapy by a phosphodiesterase inhibitor can be considered as a novel alternative therapy for Krabbe's disease.
A Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test for Autoregressive Logistic Regression Models with Applications to Patient Screening (2014)

We propose a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for autoregressive logistic regression models. General guidelines for a two-dimensional binning strategy are provided, which make use of two types of maximum likelihood parameter estimates. For smaller sample sizes, a bootstrap p-value procedure is discussed. Simulation studies indicate that the test procedure satisfactorily approximates the correct size and has good power for detecting model misspecification. In particular, the test is very good at detecting the need for an additional lag. An application to a dataset relating to screening patients for late-onset Alzheimer's disease is provided.
Path towards efficient paediatric formulation development based on partnering with clinical pharmacologists and clinicians, a c4c expert group White paper. (2021)

Improved global access to novel age-appropriate formulations for paediatric subsets, either of new chemical entities or existing drugs, is a priority to ensure that medicines meet the needs of these patients. However, despite regulatory incentives, the introduction to the market of paediatric formulations still lags behind adult products. This is mainly caused by additional complexities associated with the development of acceptable age-appropriate paediatric medicines. This position paper proposes the use of a paediatric Quality Target Product Profile (pQTPP) as an efficient tool to facilitate early planning and decision making during the children-centric formulation design for new chemical entities, or to repurpose/reformulate off-patent drugs. Essential key attributes of a paediatric formulation are suggested and described. Moreover, greater collaboration between formulation experts and clinical colleagues, including healthcare professionals, is advocated to lead to safe and effective, age-appropriate medicinal products. Acceptability testing should be a secondary endpoint in paediatric clinical trials to ensure post-marketing adherence is not compromised by a lack of acceptability. Not knowing the indications and the related age groups and potential dosing regimens early enough is still a major hurdle for efficient paediatric formulation development; however the proposed pQTPP could be a valuable collaborative tool for planning and decision making to expedite paediatric product development.
Hybrid CMOS/GaN 40-MHz Maximum 20-V Input DC–DC Multiphase Buck Converter (2017)

This paper presents a 40-MHz hybrid CMOS/GaN integrated multiphase dc-dc switched-inductor buck converter with a maximum 20-V input voltage. The half-bridge switches are realized using lateral AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, while the drivers and other circuitry are implemented in standard 180-nm CMOS. The interface between the CMOS and GaN dice is achieved through face-to-face bonding, reducing inductive parasitics for the connection to less than 15 pH. A capacitively coupled level shifter provides the gate drive for the high-side GaN switch using 5-V CMOS devices. The converter demonstrates 76% efficiency for 8:1 V conversion and over 60% efficiency for conversion ratios up to 16:1.
A double-blind, 377-subject randomized study identifies Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Christensenella , and Collinsella as long-term potential key players in the modulation of the gut microbiome of lactose intolerant individuals by galacto-oligosaccharides (2021)

<b>Background</b>. Our recent publication (Chey et al., Nutrients 2020) showed that a 30-day administration of pure galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) significantly reduced symptoms and altered the fecal microbiome in patients with lactose intolerance (LI). <b>Results</b>. In this addendum, we performed an in-depth analysis of the fecal microbiome of the 377 LI patients randomized to one of two GOS doses (Low, 10-15 grams/day or High, 15-20 grams/day), or placebo in a multi-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons was done on GOS or placebo groups at weeks zero (baseline), four (end of treatment), nine, 16 and 22. Taxa impacted by treatment and subsequent dairy consumption included lactose-fermenting species of <i>Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus</i>, and <i>Streptococcus</i>. Increased secondary fermentation microorganisms included <i>Coprococcus</i> and <i>Ruminococcus</i> species, <i>Blautia producta</i>, and <i>Methanobrevibacterium</i>. Finally, tertiary fermenters that use acetate to generate butyrate were also increased, including <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia faecis</i>, and <i>C. eutactus</i>. <b>Conclusions</b>. Results confirmed and expanded data on GOS microbiome modulation in LI individuals. Microbiome analysis at 16 and 22 weeks after treatment further suggested relatively long-term benefits when individuals continued consumption of dairy products.
Synthesis, characterization and C–H activation reactivity of bis(ethylene) boratabenzene rhodium complexes (2001)

Reaction of Li[C5H5B–Ph] with [RhCl(C2H4)2]2 gives [C5H5B–Ph]Rh(C2H4)2 1 in 91% yield; similarly, Li[C5H5B–NMe2] with [RhCl(C2H4)2]2 gives [C5H5B–NMe2]Rh(C2H4 )2 2 in 85% yield; single crystal X-ray analysis studies of 1 and 2 show a molecular geometry analogous to those of the Cp and Cp* complexes; the use of 1 and 2 in promoting alkane boration was evaluated against the activity of Cp*Rh(C2H4)2 3; the boratabenzene complexes 1 and 2 show faster initiation, but yield less thermally stable catalysts than 3.
Compact hard X-ray grating interferometry for table top phase contrast micro CT (2013)

Today's commercial X-ray micro computed tomography (CT) specimen systems are based on microfocus sources, 2D pixel array cameras and short source-to-detector distances (i.e. cone-beam configurations). High resolution is achieved by means of geometric magnification. The further development of such devices to acquire phase and scattering contrast images can dramatically enhance their range of applications. Due to the compact geometries, which imply a highly diverging beam, the gratings must be curved to maintain highest imaging performance over a large field of view. We report about the implementation of extremely compact Talbot and Talbot-Lau type grating interferometers which are compatible to the geometry of typical micro CT systems. For the analytical description of the imaging system, formulas are presented describing the dependency of the sensitivity on geometric parameters, camera and source parameters. Further, the imaging pipeline consisting of the data acquisition protocol, radiographic phase retrieval and tomographic image reconstruction is illustrated. The reported methods open the way for an immediate integration of phase and scattering contrast imaging on table top X-ray micro CT scanners.
Development of the New Kibou® Equipment for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy from Scratch to the Final Configuration (2017)

A new technology has recently appeared in the area of extracorporeal therapies for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. The International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza was involved from the beginning in the development of a new continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) equipment with peculiar characteristics. We report the overall experience from design of the new machine to its in vitro and in vivo testing. Kibou® (Asahi Kasei Kuraray Medical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) is a new multifunctional machine designed for delivering RRT. Kibou® carries out many features of the fourth generation CRRT machines including the possibility of a dynamic prescription and reduction of nursing workload. We describe our first experience with this new device, focusing on several usability and performance parameters. A specific in vitro protocol was designed to analyze the various characteristics and accuracy of performance of the machine. Furthermore, a preliminary in vivo alpha trial with 12 CRRT sessions was performed to test, characterize and evaluate the machine in terms of usability, flexibility and reliability. The in vitro evaluation confirmed an adequate design and a good usability of the machine with accurate delivery of prescribed parameters. No adverse events were observed during the in vivo test that confirmed usability and safety together with accuracy of treatment delivery in different modalities. In general, the machine was rated by physicians and nurses involved in the evaluation as practical and easy to use, although a specific training is required to familiarize with the equipment. A large-scale multicenter beta trial is required to confirm the results reported in this preliminary evaluation in terms of safety, accuracy and performance of Kibou®.
Side Population Hematopoietic Stem Cells Promote Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice (2007)

Side population-treated wounds healed more quickly than main population-or control-treated wounds in diabetic mice, suggesting that one stem cell subpopulation, but not the majority, harbors the potential for improving the healing process. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of healing and to explore its potential as a therapeutic agent.
Al-2.93 Photoacid Generator (Pag) (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Controlled Growth of a Photocatalytic Metal–Organic Framework on Conductive Plates by Mixing Direct Synthesis and Postsynthetic Modification Strategies (2023)

In this work, we develop a two-step process for the controlled growth of a thin layer of a functionalized and photosensitive metal–organic framework (MOF), namely Ru–Ti–UiO-67, on the surface of a plate coated with indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive oxide (TCO). In the first step, the in situ controlled growth of a layer of UiO-67-based MOF doped with a photosensitizer (ruthenium complex), herein referred to as Ru–UiO-67, is carried out on the surface of the ITO-coated plate, leading to Ru–UiO-67/ITO. The obtained MOF layer is relatively thin, allowing increased interactions between the MOF material and the TCO surface, and consists of crystals in the near-nanometer particle size. In the second step, a postsynthetic modification (PSM) process is applied to Ru–UiO-67/ITO to integrate Ti catalytic sites into the MOF framework, leading to Ru–Ti–UiO-67/ITO (containing both the photosensitizer and catalyst) while maintaining the MOF’s structure and morphology in addition to its strong interaction with the substrate. Importantly, on the synthetic level, this work demonstrates the possibility to form a homogeneous surface anchored with MOF on a transparent conductive surface, whereby the obtained MOF layer is strongly bound to the substrate and postsynthetic chemical modifications are enabled without any loss of material. Furthermore, the obtained material is proven to exhibit an efficient visible-light-driven photodegradation activity in aqueous solution.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of β-mannanase fromBacillus licheniformis (2011)

The mannan endo-1,4-β-mannosidase (ManB) from Bacillus licheniformis strain DSM13 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Purification of the thermostable and alkali-stable recombinant mannanase yielded approximately 50 mg enzyme per litre of culture. Crystals were grown by hanging-drop vapour diffusion using a precipitant solution consisting of 12%(w/v) PEG 8000, 0.2 M magnesium acetate tetrahydrate and 0.1 M MES pH 6.5. The protein crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1), with two molecules per asymmetric unit and unit-cell parameters a = 48.58, b = 91.75, c = 89.55 Å, β = 98.29°, and showed diffraction to 2.3 Å resolution.
The toxicity of recombinant human interleukin-2 in rats following intravenous infusion. (1987)

Studies of recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2) administered by continuous intravenous infusion revealed hepatocellular toxicity and redistribution of lymphoid cells. This finding was different from the normal findings seen in rats receiving comparable infusions of the vehicle.
A New Spin-Functional Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Based on Magnetic Tunnel Junction Technology: Pseudo-Spin-MOSFET (2010)

We fabricated and characterized a new spin-functional metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) referred to as a pseudo-spin-MOSFET (PS-MOSFET). The PS-MOSFET is a circuit using an ordinary MOSFET and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) for reproducing functions of spin-transistors. Device integration techniques for a bottom gate MOSFET using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate and for an MTJ with a full-Heusler alloy electrode and MgO tunnel barrier were developed. The fabricated PS-MOSFET exhibited high and low transconductance controlled by the magnetization configurations of the MTJ at room temperature. This is the first observation of spin-transistor operations for spin-functional MOSFETs.
Characterization of PZN single crystals [ferroelectric properties and fracture behavior] (2002)

PZN single crystals poled in the [100] crystallographic direction display electro-mechanical coupling coefficients around 90 %, and electric field induced strain as high as 1 %. Obtaining these very high strain levels involves driving the material through a rhombohedral to tetragonal phase change, during which the material tends to develop cracks. Driving the material with a negative electric field reverses the polarization direction due to the relatively low coercive field, but also results in cracking. This paper presents results of various measurements of fracture behavior including observations of electric field induced damage evolution in the crystals, interactions of the electric field with indentation induced flaws, and Vickers indentation measurements of fracture toughness as a function of crack orientation relative to the crystal structure.
Simultaneous spectral purity transfer at three optical clock transitions using an ultra-low noise Er:Fiber frequency comb (2017)

We have performed a multi-branch Er:fiber-based frequency comb comparison for simultaneously address the stability at different spectral regions. The optical beats are synchronously realized for three relevant wavelengths, corresponding to half the Sr, Yb and Hg lattice clock transition frequencies, showing an integrated phase noise below 55 mrad (1 Hz-1 MHz) and modified ADEV of ~6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-18</sup> at 1 s, averaging below 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-18</sup> in <;20 s (Lambda-mode, 1 s gate time).
SHIFT: speedy histological-to-immunofluorescent translation of whole slide images enabled by deep learning (2019)

ABSTRACT Spatially-resolved molecular profiling by immunostaining tissue sections is a key feature in cancer diagnosis, subtyping, and treatment, where it complements routine histopathological evaluation by clarifying tumor phenotypes. In this work, we present a deep learning-based method called speedy histological-to-immunofluorescent translation (SHIFT) which takes histologic images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue as input, then in near-real time returns inferred virtual immunofluorescence (IF) images that accurately depict the underlying distribution of phenotypes without requiring immunostaining of the tissue being tested. We show that deep learning-extracted feature representations of histological images can guide representative sample selection, which improves SHIFT generalizability. SHIFT could serve as an efficient preliminary, auxiliary, or substitute for IF by delivering multiplexed virtual IF images for a fraction of the cost and in a fraction of the time required by nascent multiplexed imaging technologies. KEY POINTS Spatially-resolved molecular profiling is an essential complement to histopathological evaluation of cancer tissues. Information obtained by immunofluorescence imaging is encoded by features in histological images. SHIFT leverages previously unappreciated features in histological images to facilitate virtual immunofluorescence staining. Feature representations of images guide sample selection, improving model generalizability.
Development of innovative bio-inspired nanocomposites using electrophoretic deposition and hydrothermal recrystallization (2015)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
Stellungnahme der Arbeitsgemeinschaft “Point-of-Care Testing” der DGKL zum Thema Vernetzung von POCT-Geräten im Krankenhaus mit Zentrallabor Comments by the working group “point-of-care-testing” of the DGKL on the subject of linking POCT instruments in hospitals with a central laboratory (2005)

Article Stellungnahme der Arbeitsgemeinschaft “Point-of-Care Testing” der DGKL zum Thema Vernetzung von POCT-Geräten im Krankenhaus mit Zentrallabor Comments by the working group “point-of-care-testing” of the DGKL on the subject of linking POCT instruments in hospitals with a central laboratory was published on August 1, 2005 in the journal Journal of Laboratory Medicine (volume 29, issue 4).
RIG-I and TLR-7/8 agonists as combination adjuvant shape unique antibody and cellular vaccine responses to seasonal influenza vaccine (2022)

Abstract Influenza vaccine effectiveness could be improved by combination with an adjuvant with the potential to enhance the host-vaccine response both quantitatively and qualitatively. The goal of this study was to explore a RIG-I agonist (SDI-nanogel) and a TLR7/8 agonist (Imidazoquinoline (IMDQ)‐PEG‐Chol) as adjuvants, when co-administered with a licensed quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), and to determine the role of these adjuvants in directing helper T (Th) cell responses for their role in the immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching. Administration of QIV with the two adjuvants, individually or combined, resulted in enhanced HA-specific serum ELISA IgG titers, serum hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers and splenic T cell responses as examined by IFN-γ and IL-4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays, 4-weeks post-prime and post-boost vaccination in BALB/c mice. While QIV+SDI-nanogel largely induced antigen-specific IgG1 responses, QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol predominantly induced IgG2a antibody isotypes post-prime vaccination, suggesting efficient induction of Th2 (IL-4) and Th1 (IFN-γ) responses, respectively. Combination of the two adjuvants not only skewed the response completely towards IgG2a, but also resulted in induction of HAI titers that outperformed groups that received single adjuvant. Moreover, enhanced IgG2a titers correlate with antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) that targets both the highly conserved H1 hemagglutination (HA) stalk domain and N1 neuraminidase (NA). A booster vaccination with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol resulted in a more balanced IgG1/IgG2a response in animals primed with QIV+IMDQ-PEG-Chol but increased only IgG2a titers in animals that received the combination adjuvant during prime vaccination, suggesting that class switching events in germinal centres during the prime vaccination contribute to the outcome of booster vaccination. Importantly, IMDQ-PEG-Chol, alone or in combination, always outperformed the oil-in-water control adjuvant Addavax. Vaccine-induced antibody and T cell responses correlated with protection against lethal influenza virus infection. This study details the benefit of adjuvants that target multiple innate immune receptors to shape the host vaccine response.
The RNA Tumour Virus DNA Polymerase: Study of the Endogenous and Exogenous Reactions (1971)

This chapter contains section titled: The Endogenous Reaction The Exogenous Reaction Summary References
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 28a‐Homothiolupanes and 28a‐Homothiolupane Saponins (2015)

Abstract A concise synthesis of 28a‐homo‐28a‐thiolupane triterpenes and the corresponding saponins containing D ‐mannose, D ‐idose, L ‐arabinose and L ‐rhamnose moieties was elaborated. New triterpenes were obtained from readily available 3‐ O ‐allylbetulinal by elongation of the carbon chain by Wittig reaction, followed by hydrolysis of the enol ether, reduction of the elongated aldehyde and nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding mesylate with thiocyanate ion. Saponins were obtained by glycosylation of triterpenes with classical Schmidt donors. The cytotoxic activities of the new homothiolupane compounds were evaluated in vitro, revealing that some triterpenes and the corresponding saponins exhibited interesting cytotoxic activity profiles against human cancer cell lines. An unexpected influence of the allyl protecting group on the cytotoxicity of homothiobetulin derivatives was revealed. These results open the way to the synthesis of various lupane‐type derivatives containing sulfur in the lupane side chain as potential anticancer compounds.