gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Au nanorods stabilized within anodic aluminum oxide pore channels against high-temperature treatment (2019)

Au nanorods (Au NRs) are promising candidates for sensing applications due to their tunable localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength. At temperatures above 250 °C, however, these structures are morphologically unstable and tend to evaporate. We herein report a novel refractory plasmonic nanocomposite system comprising Au NRs entrapped in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) scaffolds that are stable up to 800 °C. Au NRs were synthesized in the cylindrical pores of sapphire-supported AAO via in situ electroless deposition on catalytic Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) anchored on the pore walls. The morphological characteristics and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) functionality of Au NRs before and after heat treatment were evaluated using SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to unconfined Au NRs that evolved into spherical particles at temperatures below 250 °C and subsequently evaporated from the substrate surface, the morphology of Au NRs in AAO was preserved upon heat treatment at temperatures up to 800 °C. Furthermore, by tuning the AAO scaffolds thickness and pore diameter, the aspect ratio (AR) of the entrapped Au NRs was varied from 2.4 to 7.8. The SERS sensitivity of Au NRs in AAO was found to increase with decreasing AR when the incident light was parallel to the rod longitudinal axis, in close agreement with the calculated fourth power of the local electromagnetic field using the finite-difference time domain method.
Optoelectronic components and systems with bandwidths in excess of 26 GHz (1985)

Lasers a semiconducteur et photodetecteurs a InGaAs pour telecommunications optiques par fibre
Mantis: an all-sky visible-to-near-infrared hyper-angularspectropolarimeter (2020)

In this paper, we introduce and present first results from Mantis, a pushbroom type spectropolarimeter recently acquired by the Naval Research Laboratory and built by Polaris Sensor Technologies, Inc. The instrument is designed for high spatial and spectral resolution polarimetric imaging of downwelling skylight. Linear Stokes vectors are acquired over the spectral range of 382-1017 nm, with ≈0.64<i>n</i><i>m</i> channel spacing, and each line scan consists of 2226 pixels over a 72° field of view (0.75 mrad instantaneous). Measurement of the full sky dome is achieved through the use of a high-precision motorized pan-tilt unit and systematic scanning. An automated Sun shade allows for data collection in the main solar plane without saturation of the focal plane. The uncertainty in the degree of linear polarization varies between 0.07% and 0.5%, depending on incidence angle and wavelength. The total radiometric uncertainty is 2.07% to 2.5%, of which 2% is absolute calibration error. Preliminary data analysis reveals the instrument has a large potential for remote sensing applications.
Substituted Allyl Diphenylphosphine Oxides as Radical Allylating Agents (2006)

Radikal nützlich: An die radikalische Addition von Dithiocarbonaten an verzweigte Allyldiphenylphosphanoxide kann sich die Eliminierung eines Diphenylphosphanoylradikals anschließen, wobei allylierte Produkte entstehen (siehe Schema; Phth=Phthalimido). Hoch funktionalisierte Strukturen sind so schnell und unter milden Bedingungen aus billigen und einfach zugänglichen Substraten und Reagentien erhältlich. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z601556_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Enhanced In Vivo Delivery of Stem Cells using Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds (2019)

Delivery to the proper tissue compartment is a major obstacle hampering the potential of cellular therapeutics for medical conditions. Delivery of cells within biomaterials may improve localization, but traditional and newer void-forming hydrogels must be made in advance with cells being added into the scaffold during the manufacturing process. Injectable, in situ cross-linking microporous scaffolds are recently developed that demonstrate a remarkable ability to provide a matrix for cellular proliferation and growth in vitro in three dimensions. The ability of these scaffolds to deliver cells in vivo is currently unknown. Herein, it is shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be co-injected locally with microparticle scaffolds assembled in situ immediately following injection. MSC delivery within a microporous scaffold enhances MSC retention subcutaneously when compared to cell delivery alone or delivery within traditional in situ cross-linked nanoporous hydrogels. After two weeks, endothelial cells forming blood vessels are recruited to the scaffold and cells retaining the MSC marker CD29 remain viable within the scaffold. These findings highlight the utility of this approach in achieving localized delivery of stem cells through an injectable porous matrix while limiting obstacles of introducing cells within the scaffold manufacturing process.
Expression, purification and applications of staphylococcal Protein A fused to cellulose‐binding domain (2000)

Because staphylococcal Protein A (ProtA) binds specifically to IgG, it has been used for many immunological manipulations, most notably antibody purification and diagnostics. Immobilization is required for most of these applications. Here we describe a genetic‐engineering approach to immobilizing ProtA on cellulose, by fusing it to cellulose‐binding domain (CBD) derived from the cellulose‐binding Protein A of Clostridium cellulovorans . The bifunctional fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli , recovered on a cellulose column and purified by elution at alkaline pH. ProtA–CBD was used to purify IgG from rabbit serum and its ability to bind IgG from different sources was determined. The bifunctional chimaeric protein can bind up to 23.4 mg/ml human IgG at a ratio of 1 mol of ProtA–CBD/2 mol of human IgG, and can purify up to 11.6 mg/ml rabbit IgG from a serum. The ability to bind functionally active CBD‐affinity reagents to cellulosic microtitre plates was demonstrated. Our results indicate that a combination of CBD‐affinity reagents and cellulosic microtitre plates is an attractive diagnostics matrix for the following reasons: (i) cellulose exhibits very low non‐specific binding; and (ii) CBD‐fusion proteins bind directly to cellulose at high density. A unique signal‐amplification method was developed based on the ability of ProtA–CBD to link stained cellulose particles to primary antibody in a Western blot.
Determination of an optimal image frame interval for frame-to-frame ultrasound image motion tracking (2005)

Several important clinical applications depend on accurate ultrasound image frame-to-frame motion estimation. Assuming that there is a degree of finite noise in the image frames and that speckle partially decorrelates between successive frames during freehand scanning, we hypothesize that an optimal inter-frame interval (step size) must exist that provides the smallest relative dimensional error over a set of accumulated motion estimates. Smaller frame increments suffer from less decorrelation-related inaccuracy but present greater potential for cumulative error because more estimates are used over any specific dimensional interval. We studied these effects using a combination of theoretical modeling, numerical simulation, and experiments. Components of diagonal motion due to the limitations of manual transducer movement were considered as the cause of decorrelation. The results were examined for four different angles of the diagonal motion and two different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. These indicate that an optimal step size does exist and that this is dependent on many variables including SNR, angle of the diagonal motion, transducer geometry, lens focusing parameters, transducer operating frequency, and beamforming parameters. In practical experiments, we found that the optimal step size generally required using every available image frame rather than 'skipping' any intermediate frames.
The epidemiology of cancer of the small bowel. (1998)

Despite its anatomical location between two regions of high cancer risk, the small bowel rarely develops a malignant tumor. However, in recent years, small bowel cancer incidence rates have begun to rise. The purpose of this review is to explore the descriptive and analytic epidemiology of small bowel cancer for those factors that protect this organ and those factors associated with loss of this protection. Within the small intestine, the sites at the highest risk are the duodenum, for adenocarcinomas, and the ileum, for carcinoids and lymphomas. In industrialized countries, small bowel cancers are predominantly adenocarcinomas; in developing countries, lymphomas are much more common. The incidence of small bowel cancer rises with age and has generally been higher among males than among females. The risk factors for small bowel cancer include dietary factors similar to those implicated in large bowel cancer, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and other medical conditions, including Crohn's disease, familial adenomatous polyposis, cholecystectomy, peptic ulcer disease, and cystic fibrosis. The protective factors may include rapid cell turnover, a general absence of bacteria, an alkaline environment, and low levels of activating enzymes of precarcinogens. Adenocarcinomas of the small and large bowel are similar in risk factors and geographic distribution but not in recent time trends; colorectal cancer incidence rates in the United States have been falling since the mid-1980s. Small bowel lymphoma may be associated with infectious agents, such as HIV. Given the differences in anatomic and geographic location among histological subtypes, much may be learned from well-designed, histology-specific epidemiological and genetic studies of cancer of the small bowel.
Alkyne modified purines for assessment of activation of Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites and growth of pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic stages in Plasmodium spp. (2022)

Malaria is a major global health problem which predominantly afflicts developing countries. Although many antimalarial therapies are currently available, the protozoan parasite causing this disease, Plasmodium spp., continues to evade eradication efforts. One biological phenomenon hampering eradication efforts is the parasite's ability to arrest development, transform into a drug-insensitive form, and then resume growth post-therapy. Currently, the mechanisms by which the parasite enters arrested development, or dormancy, and later recrudesces or reactivates to continue development, are unknown and the malaria field lacks techniques to study these elusive mechanisms. Since Plasmodium spp. salvage purines for DNA synthesis, we hypothesised that alkyne-containing purine nucleosides could be used to develop a DNA synthesis marker which could be used to investigate mechanisms behind dormancy. Using copper-catalysed click chemistry methods, we observe incorporation of alkyne modified adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine in actively replicating asexual blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum and incorporation of modified adenosine in actively replicating liver stage schizonts of Plasmodium vivax. Notably, these modified purines were not incorporated in dormant liver stage hypnozoites, suggesting this marker could be used as a tool to differentiate replicating and non-replicating liver forms and, more broadly, as a tool for advancing our understanding of Plasmodium dormancy mechanisms.
A systematic approach to profile relief design of low and high contact ratio spur gears (1999)

Abstract This is the first of a series of papers on the design of the tooth profile relief of both low and high contact ratio spur gears and its effects on transmission error (TE) and tooth loads. A systematic approach to profile relief design is introduced. The process of profile relief analysis is based on a number of simplifying assumptions to ease the understanding of the relief design. Useful relief cases determined during the simplified analysis are further investigated, with realistic parameter values such as variable stiffness, manufacturing tolerances and so on, in other papers of the series. Experimental validation of the cases proven to be good are also given in forthcoming papers. In the present paper, the systematic approach is applied to low contact ratio (LCR) spur gears first with some design regions and to high contact ratio (HCR) spur gears with some new and promising design regions and rules. Several smooth transmission error curves at different loads are shown to be possible for the relief designed, hence allowing a range of loads with uniform motion transfer. The advantages of HCRG over LCRG in terms of smooth TE curves and tooth load values are noted.
Structural Origin of the High Affinity of a Chemically Evolved Lanthanide‐Binding Peptide (2004)

Fangen spielen mit Terbium: Neue hydrophobe Kontakte und bindende Aminosäuren wurden bei der Röntgenstrukturanalyse (2.0 Å Auflösung) eines chemisch entwickelten, 17 Aminosäurereste umfassenden Lanthanoid-bindenden Peptids im Komplex mit Tb3+ nachgewiesen (siehe Bild). Diese Befunde sind in Einklang mit denen von Lumineszenzhalbwertszeit-Messungen in Lösung, nach denen der Komplex keine Wassermoleküle in der ersten Koordinationssphäre enthält.
Computer controlled image sensor and its application (1979)

The rotation and data extraction of a linear array image sensor is controlled by a minicomputer, so that the desired information about the optical field at the face of the sensor can be extracted effectively. To obtain operations for the data, three kinds of averagings are adopted, that is, (1) simple averaging of intensity fluctuation at each sampling point, (2) second-order cross-correlation of fluctuations of intensities at two different sampling points, and (3) triple correlation of intensity fluctuations at three different sampling points. They are used (a) for the derivation of images averaged over any desired time interval, (b) for the measurement of the modulus of coherence function, and (c) for the measurement of a complex coherence function by an intensity triple correlator aiming at the imaging of incoherent objects with general shapes and measuring the statistical characteristics of the turbulence. Typically the characteristics of the system are: (1) observation area: over a disk of 8-mm diam; (2) spatial sampling interval: 50 microm; (3) temporal sampling interval: 500 microsec; (4) coherence function over the observation area is derived within 5 min and stored in a minicomputer, (5) by applying the Fourier transform to the observed coherence function the image or coherence function of the object is obtained in 2 min and is also displayed as the output of the minicomputer. The reconstructed images of incoherent objects show the usefulness of the device.
Computer vision profiling of neurite outgrowth dynamics reveals spatiotemporal modularity of Rho GTPase signaling (2016)

Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) control the cytoskeletal dynamics that power neurite outgrowth. This process consists of dynamic neurite initiation, elongation, retraction, and branching cycles that are likely to be regulated by specific spatiotemporal signaling networks, which cannot be resolved with static, steady-state assays. We present NeuriteTracker, a computer-vision approach to automatically segment and track neuronal morphodynamics in time-lapse datasets. Feature extraction then quantifies dynamic neurite outgrowth phenotypes. We identify a set of stereotypic neurite outgrowth morphodynamic behaviors in a cultured neuronal cell system. Systematic RNA interference perturbation of a Rho GTPase interactome consisting of 219 proteins reveals a limited set of morphodynamic phenotypes. As proof of concept, we show that loss of function of two distinct RhoA-specific GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) leads to opposite neurite outgrowth phenotypes. Imaging of RhoA activation dynamics indicates that both GAPs regulate different spatiotemporal Rho GTPase pools, with distinct functions. Our results provide a starting point to dissect spatiotemporal Rho GTPase signaling networks that regulate neurite outgrowth.
Microphone arrays for noise reduction with low signal distortion in room acoustics (2008)

We propose a new method for noise reduction using a microphone array. The method takes advantage of the spatial diversity inherent to microphone arrays and optimizes certain criteria, namely, the output signal to noise ratio (SNR) or the mean squared error (MSE), subject to the constraint of spatial prediction that relates the noise free signals captured by the microphones. Simulation results demonstrate that resorting to this new method leads to high rate of noise reduction and low signal distortion.
Vision based inspection of transmission lines using unmanned aerial vehicles (2016)

Power systems currently face several challenges in order to address the growing need for sustainable energy worldwide. In this context, nowadays several tasks either directly or indirectly related to power systems can be automated to guarantee their continuous operation. The surveillance and inspection of transmission lines represents a necessary task to meet the energy demands by the commercial and industrial customers. Since power-lines can be thought as hostile environments for humans it is thus necessary to develop new techniques to improve this process, to reduce costs, to improve response times and more important, to avoid operational risks. Although there has been an incipient development of robotic applications in several areas of power systems, it is still a technology under research and development, since it is highly dependent on the nature of the task to be performed and no unified framework of applications exists. This article aims to present the preliminary system for tracking transmission lines based on detection of wires through artificial vision. The system is mounted on a robotic arm, simulating an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which uses the transmission lines detection to position itself. The same system will be used later to inspect the state of the transmission line with the aim of reporting such state and to offer corrective guidelines against damages or problems in the power system if necessary.
Electronic Packaging for MEMS Infrared Sensor With Filtered Optical Window (2019)

Sensor developments involving semiconductors techniques are even more becoming a typical vehicle for high-level of integration and in many cases are constituting a solid base for a dedicated category of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). In the present paper the package structure along with the System in Package (SIP) assembly details for an optical MEMS sensor are shown. An infrared sensitive structure is involved, based on semiconductor technology. The contribution of the package presence around the sensor chip and the physical interactions with sensor constitutes one of the key aspects for the overall system performance and these physical aspects are focused in the present paper. The package structure is a cavity Land Grid Array (LGA). Structural and physical characteristics of the involved materials points to match the optical signal handling as well as the electrical signal processing as output of the integrated Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) controller. A dedicated organic substrate design, a molded-cavity structure and a Si-based IR filtering window constitutes the main features of the sensor system, in terms of concept and design boundary. Measured sensor performance and optoelectrical characterizations are finally reported, including IR opto-geometrical considerations as FFOV (Full Field Of View) results for two different package versions.
Electron correlation corrected static polarizabilities of polymers with linear and cyclic conjugated elementary cells (2002)

We have calculated the static polarizabilities of polymers with small linear and medium-size cyclic elementary cells and their constituent molecules. The basis set dependence has been investigated for the average and the longitudinal polarizabilities. The influence on the results of the selected method for the calculation (finite field or coupled perturbed Hartree–Fock) was analyzed. The effect of the electron correlation for this property in these systems has been calculated for the first time in the frames of the crystal orbital approach. The results show that this correction amounts up to 35% of the ab initio Hartree–Fock values.
Link adaptation with distributed Jacobi eigenbeamforming for MIMO systems (2007)

This work presents a transmission strategy for closed-loop MIMO systems, where compact feedback messages meant for transmit weight adaptation are also used to convey basic link adaptation requests that can improve the link reliability or the data throughput without additional feedback overhead. The proposed link adaptation varies the number of orthogonal transmit beams and the symbol modulation employed on each beam. The simulation study focuses in a system with four transmit and two receive antennas, with constant data rate and two different underlying beamforming schemes: a recently proposed Jacobi beamformer, and a Grassmanian codebook approach. It is shown that both schemes can obtain an improvement of around 1 dB in bit error probability (BEP) performance, in slowly fading and spatially uncorrelated channels, compared to the case where both beams are used all the time. The application of the proposed technique to other precoding algorithms is briefly discussed.
P.048 International MAGNIMS-CMSC-NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of standardized MRI in MS (2021)

Background: Standardized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidelines published in 2015 by the Europoean MAGNIMS group and in 2016 by the CMSC are important for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and for the appropriate use of MRI in routine clinical practice. Methods: Two panels of experts convened to update existing guidelines for a standardized MRI protocol. The MAGNIMS panel convened in Graz, Austria in April 2019. The CMSC NAIMS panel met separately and independently in Newark, USA in October 2019. Subsequently, the MAGNIMS, NAIMS, and CMSC working groups combined their efforts to reach an international consensus Results: The revised guidelines on MRI in MS merges recommendations from MAGNIMS, CMSC, and NAIMS to improve the use of MRI for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of individuals with MS. 3D acquisitions are emphasized for optimal comparison over time. Core brain sequences include a 3D-T2wFLAIR for lesion identification and monitoring treatment effectiveness. Gadolinium-based contrast is recommended for diagnostic studies and judicious use for routine monitoring of MS patients. DWI sequences are recommended for PML safety monitoring. Conclusions: The international consensus guidelines strive for global acceptance of a useful and usable standard of care for patients with MS.