gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strand polarity: Antiparallel molecular interactions in nucleic acids (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStrand polarity: Antiparallel molecular interactions in nucleic acidsMichael W. Davidson and W. David Wilson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 5, 323Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1975Published inissue 1 May 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ed052p323RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Constraint-Based Modeling of Carbon Fixation and the Energetics of Electron Transfer in Geobacter metallireducens (2014)

Geobacter species are of great interest for environmental and biotechnology applications as they can carry out direct electron transfer to insoluble metals or other microorganisms and have the ability to assimilate inorganic carbon. Here, we report on the capability and key enabling metabolic machinery of Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 to carry out CO2 fixation and direct electron transfer to iron. An updated metabolic reconstruction was generated, growth screens on targeted conditions of interest were performed, and constraint-based analysis was utilized to characterize and evaluate critical pathways and reactions in G. metallireducens. The novel capability of G. metallireducens to grow autotrophically with formate and Fe(III) was predicted and subsequently validated in vivo. Additionally, the energetic cost of transferring electrons to an external electron acceptor was determined through analysis of growth experiments carried out using three different electron acceptors (Fe(III), nitrate, and fumarate) by systematically isolating and examining different parts of the electron transport chain. The updated reconstruction will serve as a knowledgebase for understanding and engineering Geobacter and similar species.
Brain-specific interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein in sleep regulation (2011)

Interleukin (IL)-1β is involved in several brain functions, including sleep regulation. It promotes non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep via the IL-1 type I receptor. IL-1β/IL-1 receptor complex signaling requires adaptor proteins, e.g., the IL-1 receptor brain-specific accessory protein (AcPb). We have cloned and characterized rat AcPb, which shares substantial homologies with mouse AcPb and, compared with AcP, is preferentially expressed in the brain. Furthermore, rat somatosensory cortex AcPb mRNA varied across the day with sleep propensity, increased after sleep deprivation, and was induced by somnogenic doses of IL-1β. Duration of NREM sleep was slightly shorter and duration of REM sleep was slightly longer in AcPb knockout than wild-type mice. In response to lipopolysaccharide, which is used to induce IL-1β, sleep responses were exaggerated in AcPb knockout mice, suggesting that, in normal mice, inflammation-mediated sleep responses are attenuated by AcPb. We conclude that AcPb has a role in sleep responses to inflammatory stimuli and, possibly, in physiological sleep regulation.
Very low losses for TM polarized light in photonic crystal waveguides (2003)

Straight photonic crystal waveguides have been fabricated. Experimentally observed transmission spectra for TE and TM polarizations agree very well with 3D-FDTD simulations. Very low coupling and propagation losses are observed for the TM polarization.
High-Resolution Programmable Scattering for Wireless Coverage Enhancement: An Indoor Field Trial Campaign (2022)

This article presents a multibit reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with a high phase resolution, capable of beam-steering in the azimuthal plane at sub-6 GHz. Field trials in realistic indoor deployments have been carried out, with coverage enhancement performance ascertained for three common wireless communication scenarios. Namely, serving users in an open lobby with mixed line-of-sight (LoS) and nonline-of-sight (NLoS) conditions, communication via a junction between long corridors, and a multifloor scenario with propagation via windows. This work explores the potential for RIS deployment to mitigate NLoS effects in indoor wireless communications. In a single transmitter (Tx), single receiver (Rx) NLoS link, received power improvement of as much as 40 dB is shown to be achievable by suitable placement of an RIS, with an instantaneous bandwidth of at least 100 MHz possible over a 3–4.5 GHz range. In addition, the effects of phase resolution on the optimal power reception for the multibit RIS have been experimentally verified, with a 2.65 dB improvement compared with a 1 bit case.
Refractory immune thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: response to mycophenolate mofetil (2003)

Immune thrombocytopenia (IT) is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although severe IT (<20 x 10(9)/L) occurs in about 5-10% of patients, usually in the context of active disease, the absence of randomized controlled trials has not allowed the development of evidence-based guidelines for managing this condition. Conventionally, high-dose glucocorticoids are considered first-line therapy. Adjunctive medical and surgical treatments for patients with an absent or partial response to glucocorticoids have met with varying degrees of success. We describe an SLE patient with IT refractory to high-dose corticosteroids, pulse methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, whose platelet counts normalized during therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Pending further controlled studies to confirm this observation, we suggest that MMF may be considered as a therapeutic option in the treatment of glucocorticoid-refractory immune thrombocytopenia in SLE.
Figure S2 from Validation of a Plasma-Based Comprehensive Cancer Genotyping Assay Utilizing Orthogonal Tissue- and Plasma-Based Methodologies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Empirical determination of the limit of detection. Defined oncogenic driver and background SNVs (a), oncogene and tumor suppressor indels (b), and oncogenic fusions (c) were titrated to specified VAFs, and multiple replicates were measured to determine the 95% LOD. (d) Cell lines comprising defined gene amplifications were titrated to bracket the expected LOD, and the 95% LOD was determined from statistical detection models as per the CLSI Classical Approach.&lt;/p&gt;
Survey of chemical contaminants in the Hanalei River, Kaua'i, Hawai'i, 2001 (2007)

The Hanalei River on the island of Kaua'i in Hawai'i was designated an American Heritage River in 1998, providing special attention to natural resource protection, economic revitalization, and historic and cultural preservation. Agricultural, urban, and tourism-related activities are potential sources of contamination within the Hanalei River watershed. The objective of this study was to measure certain persistent organic chemicals and elements in the Hanalei River.
Integration of YAG:Ce Thin Film Wavelength Converter on III-V Blue LED via a Laser Lift-Off Process (2017)

In this work, we have investigated fabrication of the thin films of down conversion layers for solid state lighting applications. We have developed a process to transfer a thin film of YAG:Ce to a LED top surface using an intermediate sacrificial layer (SL). A prerequisite for this layer is to dissociate upon absorption of laser radiation without degrading the thin film phosphor. This investigation is focused on identifying suitable optical, thermal and chemical properties of material for the laser lift-off process. In the present approach, a thin layer of phosphor is deposited on a sacrificial layer on a sapphire substrate. Both the phosphor and sacrificial layers are deposited using a pulsed laser ablation technique. The stack of YAG:Ce/SL/sapphire is glued to a blue LED with the sapphire substrate facing outward. This assembly of LED package is then irradiated by a 248 nm beam from an excimer laser for separating the SL from the sapphire substrate. It is observed that the dissociation occurs at the interface of sapphire and the sacrificial layer. The sapphire substrate is then easily separated from the stack leaving a thin film of phosphor layer on LED. The underlying dissociation process allowing a smooth transfer of the thin film of phosphor is discussed.
Watt-level high-repetition-rate mid-infrared pulses generated by wavelength conversion of an eye-safe fiber source (2007)

We report on the generation of pulse average power in excess of 1W (at pulse repetition rate ~100 kHz) in the 3.8-4micron wavelength range, obtained from a periodically-poled lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator pumped by a nanosecond-pulse, high-power 1545nm-wavelength pulsed fiber source.
CRISPR/Cas9‐Directed Genome Editing of Cultured Cells (2014)

Human genome engineering has been transformed by the introduction of the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) system found in most bacteria and archaea. Type II CRISPR/Cas systems have been engineered to induce RNA-guided genome editing in human cells, where small RNAs function together with Cas9 nucleases for sequence-specific cleavage of target sequences. Here we describe the protocol for Cas9-mediated human genome engineering, including construct building and transfection methods necessary for delivering Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA) into human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and HEK293 cells. Following genome editing, we also describe methods to assess genome editing efficiency using next-generation sequencing and isolate monoclonal hiPSCs with the desired modifications for downstream applications.
Nested epistasis enhancer networks for robust genome regulation (2022)

Mammalian genomes have multiple enhancers spanning an ultralong distance (>megabases) to modulate important genes, but it is unclear how these enhancers coordinate to achieve this task. We combine multiplexed CRISPRi screening with machine learning to define quantitative enhancer-enhancer interactions. We find that the ultralong distance enhancer network has a nested multilayer architecture that confers functional robustness of gene expression. Experimental characterization reveals that enhancer epistasis is maintained by three-dimensional chromosomal interactions and BRD4 condensation. Machine learning prediction of synergistic enhancers provides an effective strategy to identify noncoding variant pairs associated with pathogenic genes in diseases beyond genome-wide association studies analysis. Our work unveils nested epistasis enhancer networks, which can better explain enhancer functions within cells and in diseases.
Remote lasing in air driven by strong laser field: Lasing or nonlinear frequency conversion? (2013)

We demonstrated systematic investigations on the mechanism of remote coherent N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> emission in air using a pump-probe configuration. Our experimental results suggest lasing action based on instantaneous population inversion is the most likely mechanism.
A Study of Fast Switching, Anode Shorted Lateral Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (1995)

In this paper, the performance of a novel anode-shorted Lateral Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor fabricated using a novel 500 V, 2.5 ?m digital HV-CMOS process is evaluated for the first time. The process sequence is unique in that it is common for all three technologies viz., the Junction Isolation, conventional Dielectric Isolation and the Double Epitaxial Layer Dielectric Isolation. Unlike the conventional anode-shorted LIGBT, this device has a bipolar turn-on at 0.7 V whilst maintaining fast switching speed. An npn transistor (with the collector-base short) formed within the structure strongly influences the device behavior. The collector-base short of the npn transistor [the same as the anode-short ratio of the pnp transistor] controls the amount of holes injected in the device, which also influences the device turn-off . The influence of the short ratio on the on-state and the turn-off performance is evaluated and the results indicate a favourable trade-off between the turn-off time and the on-state performance of AS-LIGBTs in comparison to the conventional Lateral Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors.
Antiviral Efficacy upon Administration of a HepDirect Prodrug of 2′- C -Methylcytidine to Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Chimpanzees (2011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects an estimated 170 million individuals worldwide, and the current standard of care, a combination of pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin, is efficacious in achieving sustained viral response in ~50% of treated patients. Novel therapies under investigation include the use of nucleoside analog inhibitors of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. NM283, a 3'-valyl ester prodrug of 2'-C-methylcytidine, has demonstrated antiviral efficacy in HCV-infected patients (N. Afdhal et al., J. Hepatol. 46[Suppl. 1]:S5, 2007; N. Afdhal et al., J. Hepatol. 44[Suppl. 2]:S19, 2006). One approach to increase the antiviral efficacy of 2'-C-methylcytidine is to increase the concentration of the active inhibitory species, the 5'-triphosphate, in infected hepatocytes. HepDirect prodrug technology can increase intracellular concentrations of a nucleoside triphosphate in hepatocytes by introducing the nucleoside monophosphate into the cell, bypassing the initial kinase step that is often rate limiting. Screening for 2'-C-methylcytidine triphosphate levels in rat liver after oral dosing identified 1-[3,5-difluorophenyl]-1,3-propandiol as an efficient prodrug modification. To determine antiviral efficacy in vivo, the prodrug was administered separately via oral and intravenous dosing to two HCV-infected chimpanzees. Circulating viral loads declined by ~1.4 log(10) IU/ml and by >3.6 log(10) IU/ml after oral and intravenous dosing, respectively. The viral loads rebounded after the end of dosing to predose levels. The results indicate that a robust antiviral response can be achieved upon administration of the prodrug.
Enzymatic Formation of Isochamigrene, a Novel Sesquiterpene, by Alteration of the Aspartate-Rich Region of Trichodiene Synthase (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnzymatic Formation of Isochamigrene, a Novel Sesquiterpene, by Alteration of the Aspartate-Rich Region of Trichodiene SynthaseDavid E. Cane, Qun Xue, James E. Van Epp, and Youla S. TsantrizosView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Box H Brown University Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 1455, de Maisonneuve Boulevard West Montreal, Québec H3G 1M8 CanadaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 35, 8499–8500Publication Date (Web):September 4, 1996Publication History Received6 June 1995Published online4 September 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961897wCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (62 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Alkyls,Anions,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Sesquiterpenes Get e-Alerts
L - Nucleosides: Antiviral Activity and Molecular Mechanism (2002)

Drug discovery for antiviral chemotherapy has provided the effective treatment of numerous viral diseases. Among antiviral agents used in therapy, nucleoside analogues have been particularly useful. In fact, almost twenty nucleosides are currently used in antiviral therapy, seven of which are for the treatment of HIV infection. In the search for new and effective agents within this class, the focus has recently expanded on L-analogues, characterized by opposite configuration compared to the natural D-nucleosides. The interest in L-nucleosides has risen since the discovery of 3TC, one of the most important drugs used in the treatment of AIDS and hepatitis B infection. This review will discuss the latest advances in L-nucleosides as antiviral agents with a particular focus on the synthesis and molecular mechanism as well as metabolic differences between L- and D-nucleosides.
Cytotoxic Prenylated Acetophenone Dimers from Acronychia pedunculata (2012)

Three new acetophenone dimers or Acronychia-type acetophenones, acropyrone (1), acropyranol A (2), and acropyranol B (3), were isolated from the trunk bark of Acronychia pedunculata and structurally characterized, together with four known acetophenone dimers, acrovestone (4), acrovestenol (5), acrofolione A (6), and acrofolione B (7), the acetophenone monomer acronyline (8), and four furoquinoline alkaloids. The chemical structures of the new isolated compounds were elucidated unambiguously by spectroscopic data analysis. The cytotoxic activities of the isolated acetophenone dimers were evaluated against the DU145 prostate and A2058 melanoma human cancer cell lines as well as the NHDF normal cell line. Acrovestone (4) and acrovestenol (5) exhibited substantial cytotoxicity, with IC(50) values of 0.38 and 2.8 μM against A2058 melanoma cells as well as 0.93 and 2.7 μM against DU145 prostate cancer cells, respectively.
AuGePt ohmic contact to n-type InP (1996)

This work studied the AuGe to n-InP/ohmic contact system with the addition of Pt. It studied two contact schemes, i.e., Au/Ge/Pt/n-InP and Au/Pt/Au/Ge/n-InP. The specific contact resistances, the thermal stability, as well as the microstructure of the system, were systematically studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering analysis, and x-ray diffraction. The processing condition to achieve the optimum contact resistance was also sought and it was found that a specific contact resistance of 2.15×10−6 Ω cm2 could be obtained if the Au/Ge/Pt/n-InP contact system was rapid thermal annealed at 550 °C for 30 s. The system was also found to be able to achieve low specific contact resistances for a wide range of anneal temperature from 400 to 550 °C. It was found that the Pt existence in-between AuGe and InP improved the surface morphology, the contact interface uniformity, and the thermal stability. The system could withstand a thermal aging at 400 °C for 80 h with only a minimal increase on the specific contact resistance.
Emerging Therapies for Incontinence: Highlights From the International Continence Society 39th Annual Meeting, September 29-October 3, 2009, San Francisco, CA. (2010)

The International Continence Society (ICS) is a unique, multidisciplinary society whose members consist of physicians, surgeons, nurses, physiotherapists, physicists, and scientists from across the world. The common bond and theme of this annual event is a special interest in research and care of fecal and urinary incontinence and the function and dysfunction of the pelvic floor, including pelvic, bowel, bladder, and perineal pain. From the first meeting held in 1971, attended by 50 participants, the ICS has grown from strength to strength reaching nearly 2500 participants at this year’s meeting held in San Francisco. “We broke our records,” remarked Dr. Anthony Stone, ICS President, and Professor of Urology, from the University of California- Davis, with regard to the 39th annual meeting. Dr. Stone noted that the last time the ICS was held in the United States was 10 years ago, in Denver, CO. The reason for being so keen in bringing the ICS meeting back to the United States is that although the ICS is an international society, in terms of membership numbers, he believes there is slightly more emphasis on its European members. Dr. Stone has seen this year’s meeting as a tremendous opportunity to involve and collaborate with clinicians and scientists from the United States. He also remarked on the excellent quality and number of submitted abstracts.

In this review we highlight a number of presentations that span the outstanding research for which the ICS is known.
MRI of Avascular Necrosis of Bone (1996)

Avascular necrosis (AVN) is characterized by death of both trabecular bone as well as bone marrow elements. Weight-bearing bone becomes mechanically weakened and may eventually collapse, secondarily leading to osteoarthritis and debilitating pain. Early diagnosis and treatment of this entity are crucial because it affects relatively young individuals, and treatment options for advanced disease are limited. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the modality of choice for the evaluation of avascular necrosis of bone. We will discuss applications of MRI for early diagnosis, for monitoring therapy, and for its potential role in assessing individuals at risk of AVN. Although bone scintigraphy using single photon emission computed tomography (CT) may be nearly as accurate as MRI, MRI offers a more specific diagnosis in the patient who presents with hip pain of uncertain etiology. In addition, lesion size and location can be more easily assessed on magnetic resonance images, and this has been shown to relate to prognosis and need for treatment. We will review the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AVN and the current use of MRI in the diagnosis of this condition.
On the Efficiency of Design Time Evaluation of the Resistance to Power Attacks (2011)

Side-channel attacks are a realistic threat to the security of real world implementations of cryptographic algorithms. In order to evaluate the resistance of designs against power analysis attacks, power values obtained from circuit simulations in early design phases offer two distinct advantages: First, they offer fast feedback loops to designers, second the number of redesigns can be reduced. This work investigates the accuracy of design time power estimation tools in assessing the security level of a device against differential power attacks.