gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Capture Envelope of a Flanged Circular Hood in Cross Drafts (2001)

The flow patterns of an exterior circular hood subject to the influence of various uniform cross drafts were experimentally studied in an apparatus consisting of hood-model/wind-tunnel assembly. A two-component laser Doppler anemometer was employed to measure the velocity field on the symmetry plane. The streamline patterns were obtained from the measured velocity data. The cross draft caused a characteristic envelope similar to a half Rankine body-of-revolution to form in the flow field. The boundary of the envelope is described by a dividing streamline. All streamlines within the envelope lead to the opening; those outside the envelope evolve to the downstream area. The normalized geometry of the capture envelope is theoretically justified and correlated by modifying the potential theory of point-sink-plus-rectilinear-flow. The domain and shape of the envelope enclosing the hood opening are determined primarily by the velocity ratio between the cross draft and hood suction. The correlated formula is applicable to design the hood parameters, including the sizes of opening and flange as well as the location of contaminant sources.
Self-mode-locking of a semiconductor laser using positive feedback (1990)

A new mode-locking technique, self-mode-locking, is described which uses the detected optical pulses from the mode-locked laser as the active driving source. This technique forms narrow-width mode-locked optical pulses at low repetition rates without the use of a microwave synthesizer.
Immunotherapy (IT) with ch14.18/CHO for high-risk neuroblastoma: First results from the randomised HR-NBL1/SIOPEN trial. (2014)

10026 Background: The HR-NBL1/SIOPEN trial randomised 2 essential treatment concepts: Randomisation R1 investigated BUMEL superiority (plenary session ASCO 2012), whilst the R2 randomisation tested the benefits of adding subcutaneous interleukin 2 (scIL2) to ch14.18/CHO mAB immunotherapy(IT) and 13 cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA). The R2 population reached the target population of 400 patients (pts) in August 2013. Methods: After Rapid Cojec induction pts were randomised in R1 (296 BuMel, 302 CEM) till 09/2010. Median follow up is 6.2 years. Eligibility included complete bone marrow remission and ≤3, but improved mIBG positive spots. Local control included surgery and radiotherapy of 21 Gy. Eligibility to R2 included previous R1 eligibility. R2 was initiated in 2009 aiming at 400pts receiving ch14.18/CHOmAB as 8-hour infusion with 20mg/m² over 5 days and 13 cis RA over a total of 5 IT cycles. The schedule requires high dose morphine to control for neuropathic pain. R2 addressed a scIL2 question, using a dose of 6x10E6/m²/day over 5 days twice in a weekly interval, given in week 2 in parallel with ch14.18/CHOmAb. Results: The superiority of BuMel in EFS and OS over CEM (3-years EFS&OS 50%/61% vs. 38%/52%; p<0.001) is maintained with a significantly lower relapse and progression rate with BuMel (48% vs. 58%) as major factor. Severe toxicity rates (ICU, toxic deaths) are below 10%, but are higher for CEM (p=0.012). Hence the MAT toxicity profile still favours BuMel in spite of a VOD rate of 24% (grade 3: 4%) vs. 10% in CEM (Grade3: 1%). Having reached the R2 target in August 2013, the randomisation is currently suspended expecting “last patient out” in 02/2014 with liberation of the randomised R2 data by the DMC thereafter. The R2 population undisclosed for treatment arms currently reveals a 2 year EFS/OS of 56%/68%. The scIL2 arm carries a significantly higher toxicity burden related to IL2 associated side effects like fever and capillary leak with a number of pts in the IL2 arm stopping treatment early. Conclusions: BuMel is maintained as SIOPEN standard treatment whilst R2 results will have a major impact on the future management of immunotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01704716.
Diverse characteristics of the urinary excretion of amino acids in humans and the use of amino acid supplementation to reduce fatigue and sub-health in adults (2017)

The study was registered on the 18th April 2011 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12611000403932 ).
ob17 cells transformed by the middle-T-only gene of polyoma virus differentiate in vitro and in vivo into adipose cells. (1984)

Cell lines were derived from ob17 preadipocyte cells by focus formation after transfer of the complete early region of polyoma virus (ob17PY) or of a modified genome encoding only the middle T protein (ob17MT). Both ob17PY and ob17MT cell lines exhibited a high cloning efficiency in agarose medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. Fully transformed ob17PY cells grew to high saturation densities and did not differentiate in vitro and in vivo. ob17MT cells and derived subclones did not grow in the absence of serum and were able to differentiate in vitro and to give rise in vivo to adipose tumors. Among these different clones an inverse relationship was observed in culture between their potentiality to overproliferate at low serum and their potentiality to convert into adipose cells. The expression of enzyme markers of adipose conversion was strictly dependent upon the presence of growth hormone. In addition, the hormonal requirements for differentiation were simpler than those of the original ob17 cells and the adipose conversion could take place in serum-free hormone-supplemented medium.
Mechanism of Oil-in-Liquid Metal Emulsion Formation (2022)

Gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) combine metallic properties with the deformability of a liquid, which makes them promising candidates for a variety of applications. To broaden the range of physical and chemical properties, a variety of solid additives have been incorporated into the LMs in the literature. In contrast, only a handful of secondary fluids have been incorporated into LMs to create foams (gas-in-LM) or emulsions (liquid-in-LM). LM foams readily form through mixing of LM in air, facilitated by the formation of a native oxide on the LM. In contrast, LM breaks up into microdroplets when mixed with a secondary liquid such as silicone oil. Stable silicone oil-in-LM emulsions form only during mixing of the oil with LM foam. In this work, we investigate the fundamental mechanism underlying this process. We describe two possible microscale mechanisms for emulsion formation: (1) oil replacing air in the foam or (2) oil creating additional features in the foam. The associated foam-to-emulsion density difference demonstrates that emulsions predominantly form through the addition of oxide-covered silicone oil capsules to the LM foam. We demonstrate this through density and surface wettability measurements and multiscale imaging of LM foam mixed with varied silicone oil contents in air or nitrogen environments. We also demonstrate the presence of a continuous silicone oil film on the emulsion surface and that this oil film prevents the embrittlement of contacting aluminum.
Detection and Discrimination of Relative Spatial Phase by V1 Neurons (2002)

Edge-like and line-like features result from spatial phase congruence, the local phase agreement between harmonic components of a spatial waveform. Psychophysical observations and models of early visual processing suggest that human visual feature detectors are specialized for edge-like and line-like phase congruence. To test whether primary visual cortex (V1) neurons account for such specificity, we made tetrode recordings in anesthetized macaque monkeys. Stimuli were drifting equal-energy compound gratings composed of four sinusoidal components. Eight congruence phases (one-dimensional features) were tested, including line-like and edge-like waveforms. Many of the 137 single V1 neurons (recorded at 45 sites) could reliably signal phase congruence by any of several response measures. Across neurons, the preferred spatial feature had only a modest bias for line-like waveforms. Information-theoretic analysis showed that congruence phase was temporally encoded in the frequency band present in the stimuli. The most sensitive neurons had feature discrimination thresholds that approached psychophysical levels, but typical neurons were substantially less sensitive. In single V1 neurons, feature discrimination exhibited various dependences on the congruence phase of the reference waveform. Simple cells were over-represented among the most sensitive neurons and on average carried twice as much feature information as complex cells. However, the distribution of the indices of optimal tuning and discrimination of relative phase was indistinguishable in simple and complex cells. Our results suggest that phase-sensitive pooling of responses is required to account for human psychophysical performance, although variation in feature selectivity among nearby neurons is considerable.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MULTI-FOCUS, MULTI-RESOLUTION IMAGE FUSION TRANSFORMS AND METHODS (2019)

Multi-resolution image decomposition transforms are a popular approach to current image processing problems such as image fusion, noise reduction, and deblurring. Over the past few decades, new algorithms have been developed based on the wavelet transform to remedy its directional and shift invariant shortcomings (undecimated discrete wavelet transform is shift invariant). This study provides a comprehensive analysis of multi-focus image fusion techniques using six different multiresolution decomposition transforms to determine the optimal transform for an image fusion application. The transforms investigated are the wavelet, double-density wavelet, dual-tree wavelet, curvelet, contourlet, and bandelet. Furthermore, for each transform, seven transform coefficient fusion algorithms are analyzed and the performance is evaluated using eight no-reference objective image fusion metrics. The transforms and algorithms selected are applied to a data set that has 27 pairs of multi-focus source images used for image fusion. By bringing together the transforms, fusion algorithms, and metrics presented in this study as derived separately from different authors, the study seeks to compare these methods. However, a complete comparison amongst the different transforms, algorithms, and metrics has not been found in any of the existing literature. Our goal is to provide useful insight into their applications in image fusion. The summary of the aggregated results indicates that (1) the curvelet is the most robust transform, (2) down-up and linear are the most effect methods of fusion, and (3) Tsallis is the best metric for multi-focus image fusion.
A 2D+t Feature-preserving Non-local Means Filter for Image Denoising and Improved Detection of Small and Weak Particles (2010)

A feature-preserving non-local means (FP-NLM) filter has been developed recently for denoising images containing small and weak particlelike objects. It explores the commonly used non-local means filter to employ two similarity measurements taken in the original greyscale image and a feature image which measures the particle probability in the original image. In this paper, we report a new approach to image mapping for constructing the feature image by incorporating both spatial and temporal (2D+t) characteristics of objects. We present a 2D+t FP-NLM filter based on the improved particle probability image. Experiments show that the new filter can achieve better balance between particle enhancement and background smoothing for images under severe noise contamination and has a greater capability in detecting particles of interest in such environments.
ChemInform Abstract: Troubleshooting a Molecular Motor: A Remarkably Stable N‐Acyl Pyridinium Salt. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Topology Optimisation for Coupled Convection Problems (2013)

The work focuses on applying topology optimisation to forced and natural convection problems in fluid dynamics and conjugate (fluid-structure) heat transfer. To the authors' knowledge, topology optimisation has not yet been applied to natural convection flow problems in the published literature and the current work is thus seen as contributing new results to the field. In the literature, most works on the topology optimisation of weakly coupled convection-diffusion problems focus on the temperature distribution of the fluid, but a selection of notable exceptions also focusing on the temperature in the solid are [3-6]. The developed methodology is applied to several two-dimensional solid-fluid thermal interaction problems, such as cooling of electronic components and heat exchangers, as well as to the design of micropumping devices based on natural convection effects. The implementation utilises the widely used Brinkman-penalisation approach to fluid topology optimisation [2] combined with suitable interpolation functions for thermal conductivity. The Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) is used and density filtering is applied in order to ensure a minimum lengthscale. The results are generated using stabilised finite elements implemented in a parallel multiphysics analysis and optimisation framework DFEM [1], developed and maintained in house. Focus is put on control of the temperature field within the solid structure and the problems can therefore be seen as conjugate heat transfer problems, where heat conduction governs in the solid parts of the design domain and couples to convection-dominated heat transfer to a surrounding fluid. Both loosely coupled and tightly coupled problems are considered. The loosely coupled problems are convection-diffusion problems, based on an advective velocity field from solving the isothermal incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The tightly coupled problems are natural convection problems, where the Boussinesq approximation has been applied to couple the temperature and velocity fields both ways. All of the considered flows are assumed to be laminar and steady.
MNM-3B-2 Integrated Pressure Sensor using WSi and Back-End-Of-Processes (2010)

We have developed back-end-of-line (BEOL) MEMS processes for monolithically integrating MEMS and CMOS-LSI. The processes do not affect the performance of the LSI because only conventional materials for CMOS LSI are used and all process temperatures are less than 450 degree C. A CMOS-LSI-integrated capacitive pressure-sensor was fabricated with a chip size of 0.72 mm^2 using the BEOL MEMS processes. Multi-sensor chip with a size of 1.7 by 1.9 mm^2 which consists of pressure sensor, temperature sensor and high-precision measurement circuits was also fabricated.
Small‐Molecule Diffusion in Semicrystalline Polymers as Revealed by Experimental and Simulation Studies (2010)

Abstract Summary: Diffusion of n ‐hexane in poly(ethylene‐ co ‐1‐hexene)s with 15–75 wt.% crystallinity was studied by desorption experiments analyzing data using the Fickian equations with a concentration dependent diffusivity. The effect of the impenetrable crystalline phase on the penetrant diffusivity ( D ) is described by D = D a /( τβ ), where D a is the diffusivity of the amorphous polymer, τ is the geometrical impedance factor and β is a factor describing the constraining effect of the crystals on the non‐crystalline phase. For a polymer with 75 wt.% crystallinity, τβ varied markedly with penetrant concentration ( v 1a ) in the penetrable phase: 1000 ( v 1a = 0) and 10 ( v 1a = 0.15). This penetrant‐uptake had no effect on the gross crystal morphology, i.e. β must be strongly dependent on v 1a . Samples saturated in n ‐hexane exhibited a penetrant‐induced loosening of the interfacial structure, as revealed by an increase in crystal density that require an increased mobility in the interfacial component and by a decrease in the intensity of the asymmetric X‐ray scattering associated with the interfacial component. The geometrical impedance factor has been modelled by mimicking spherulite growth and τ was obtained as the ratio of the diffusivities of the fully amorphous and semicrystalline systems. The maximum τ obtained from these simulations is ca. ten, which suggests that β in the systems with v 1a = 0.15 takes values close to unity. The simulations showed that the geometrical impedance factor is insensitive to the ratio of the crystal width and the crystal thickness. A free path length scaling parameter characteristic of the amorphous phase correlated with τ .
Concentration and purification of enterovirus 71 using a weak anion-exchange monolithic column (2014)

EV-71 viral particles of up to 95% purity can be recovered by a single step ion-exchange chromatography using CIM-DEAE monolithic columns and 1 M sodium chloride as elution buffer. Moreover, this method is scalable to purify several litres of virus-containing supernatant, using industrial monolithic columns with a capacity of up to 8 L such as CIM® cGMP tube monolithic columns.
Recursos, decisão e poder: conselhos gestores de políticas públicas de Curitiba (2006)

Este artigo investiga a influência política em instituições de participação ampliada. Tendo como referencial empírico os conselhos gestores de políticas sociais em Curitiba, são abordadas questões teóricas e metodológicas relativas ao conceito de poder/influência, buscando identificar o modelo analítico mais apropriado para o estudo da influência política no interior de instituições desta natureza. Após considerar duas das principais abordagens (decisional e posicional) usualmente utilizadas no estudo do exercício do poder político, conclui-se que cada uma delas, por si só, é incapaz de explicar a distribuição da influência política no interior dos conselhos. Os autores sugerem a elaboração de um modelo capaz de integrar as virtudes de cada uma das perspectivas e, ao mesmo tempo, incorporar variáveis de natureza contextual.
APP-Based Neuroprotective Strategies (2007)

While much of the focus on Alzheimer's disease therapeutics has been directed at beta-amyloid peptide or at cholinergic synaptic transmission, recent data suggest that targeting signal transduction by the amyloid precursor protein (APP) itself may be an alternative approach with significant potential [1]. Here we discuss the possibility that APP-mediated signal transduction, downstream from amyloid-beta peptide production itself, may be an appropriate therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease.
Survey of adaptive optic techniques (2005)

The term Adaptive Optics (AO) describes the active control of an optical device to remove distortions caused by aberrations in an optical beam path. An AO system enables beam forming and image correction in the presence of distortions and atmospheric effects. Major obstacles in imaging through the atmosphere include extended source/target anisoplanatism, distributed strong turbulence, scintillation, and branch points. Many applications have requirements for which the generation of a wavefront sensing source via the projection of a laser is undesirable or unfeasible. A variety of AO compensation techniques exist and have been demonstrated in the field, each with specific merits and disadvantages. A survey of the many types of AO control is presented. Common AO techniques include Classic Adaptive Optics, Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO), and Extended Source AO (also known as correlation wavefront sensing). More recent applications include Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent control (SPGD) and a Holographic Phase Conjugate Engine that were developed to advance the state of the art AO control. Innovative variations on the Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent AO and Extended Source (scene-based) AO algorithms hold significant promise for the future of AO.
Development of a highly specific assay for rapid identification of pathogenic strains of Yersinia enterocolitica based on PCR amplification of the Yersinia heat-stable enterotoxin gene (yst) (1997)

The chromosomal gene yst, which encodes a heat-stable enterotoxin of Yersinia enterocolitica, is a useful diagnostic marker because it occurs only in invasive strains of this species. A homologous gene also occurs in some strains of Yersinia kristensenii. Sequence analysis of the yst genes from two different strains of Y. enterocolitica and from Y. kristensenii revealed a substantial number of mismatches at the 3' ends of the yst genes of the so-called American and European biotypes of Y. enterocolitica. Moreover, several mismatches and a deletion of 5 codons were found in the yst of Y. kristensenii. These findings were used to develop a PCR-based assay for yst of Y. enterocolitica which yielded a detectable product in as little as 50 min. The assay was 100% specific in terms of its ability to identify potentially pathogenic strains of Y. enterocolitica regardless of biotype or serotype. The PCR yielded an amplicon that was visible on agarose gel electrophoresis from as few as 100 CFU, or 10 CFU when the PCR was combined with dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe that corresponded to an internal sequence of yst. These results establish the value of the yst gene as a target for the identification of pathogenic bioserotypes of Y. enterocolitica and the usefulness of PCR for this purpose.
Electron Microscopic Characterization of Silver Nanowire Arrays (2002)

Hong et al. (1) reported that they had successfully produced arrays of single-crystal silver nanowires (of diameter 0.4 nm) formed in an ambient solution phase inside the pores of self-assembled calix[4]hydroquinone (CHQ) nanotubes. These nanowires, it was suggested, existed as coherently oriented three-dimensional arrays (1). The experimental identification and characterization of the suggested structure were based on high-resolution electron microscope (HREM) images and selected-area electron diffraction (ED) patterns.
Directional Analysis of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Propagation in Different Traffic Environments (2010)

This paper presents a double directional analysis of vehicle-to-vehicle channel measurements conducted in two different traffic environments. Using a high-resolution algorithm, we derive channel parameters like angle-of- arrival, angle-of-departure, propagation delay and Doppler’s spread and identify underlying propagation mechanisms by combining these estimates with maps of the measurement sites. The results show that single-bounce interaction with static objects is the dominating effect in the absence of line-of-sight, and that the contribution from other vehicles is small. We also find that in the absence of line-of-sight the direction spread at both sides of link is large which indicates possible diversity gain using multi-antenna arrangements.
Aluminum Ingot Thermal Stress Development Modeling of the Wagstaff<sup>®</sup> EpsilonTM Rolling Ingot DC Casting System during the Start-up Phase (2011)

Based on sequentially coupled CFD and FEM models, aluminum alloy rolling ingot thermal stress simulations have been conducted in order to understand start-up phase cold cracking phenomena and optimize tooling designs for 520×2120 mm rolling ingot casting on Wagstaff® Epsilon™ Ingot Tooling. In the CFD model, ingot surface temperature dependant and water flow rate dependant water boiling curves are applied. Thermal boundary conditions for the complex water intrusion phenomena under the ingot butt have been attempted. Temperature dependant elastic-plastic materials constitutive relationship has been employed in the transient thermal stress FEM model. Results of thermal stress development at ingot surface and inside the ingot are presented; Connection of cold cracking (ingot butt quarter and center cracks) with near surface stress development at the ingot butt is shown and the effect of water intrusion under the ingot butt on the butt stress development is also discussed. The predicted temperatures are validated against temperatures measured from cast-in thermocouples at strategic locations in field ingots in order to obtain realistic thermal boundary conditions. The predicted butt curl is also verified through field observation and measurement.