gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraselective glassy polymer membranes with unprecedented performance for energy-efficient sour gas separation (2019)

Membrane-based separation of combined acid gases carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas streams has attracted increasing academic and commercial interest. These feeds are referred to as "sour," and herein, we report an ultra H<sub>2</sub>S-selective and exceptionally permeable glassy amidoxime-functionalized polymer of intrinsic microporosity for membrane-based separation. A ternary feed mixture (with 20% H<sub>2</sub>S:20% CO<sub>2</sub>:60% CH<sub>4</sub>) was used to demonstrate that a glassy amidoxime-functionalized membrane provides unprecedented separation performance under challenging feed pressures up to 77 bar. These membranes show extraordinary H<sub>2</sub>S/CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity up to 75 with ultrahigh H<sub>2</sub>S permeability >4000 Barrers, two to three orders of magnitude higher than commercially available glassy polymeric membranes. We demonstrate that the postsynthesis functionalization of hyper-rigid polymers with appropriate functional polar groups provides a unique design strategy for achieving ultraselective and highly permeable membrane materials for practical natural gas sweetening and additional challenging gas pair separations.
User equipment geolocation depended on long-term evolution signal-level measurements and timing advance (2022)

&lt;p&gt;A new approach is described for investigating the accuracy of positioning active long-term evolution (LTE) users. The explored approach is a network-based method and depends on signal level measurements as well as the coverage of the serving cell. In a two-dimensional coordinate system, the algorithm simultaneously applies LTE measured data with a combination of a basic prediction model to locate the mobile device’s user. Furthermore, we introduce a unique method that combines timing advance (TA) and the measured signal level to narrow the search region and improve accuracy. The developed method is assessed by comparing the predicted results from the proposed algorithm with satellite measurements from the global positioning system (GPS) in various scenarios calculated via the number of cells that user equipment concurrently reports. This work separates seven different cases starting from a single reported cell to five reported cells from up to 3 sites. For analysis, the root mean square error (RMSE) is computed to obtain the validation for the proposed approach. The study case demonstrates location accuracy based on the numbers of registered cells with the mean RMSE improved using TA to approximately 70-191 m for the range of scenarios.&lt;/p&gt;
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Antitumor Macrolide Rhizoxin D. (2003)

The convergent, highly enantioselective synthesis of rhizoxin D, a natural product possessing potent\nantitumor and antifungal bioactivity, is described. The C(1)−C(9) fragment of the molecule was\nsynthesized utilizing a threefold pseudosymmetric intermediate ultimately derived from γ-butyrolactone. The central core of rhizoxin D was prepared via a chiral resolution/asymmetric aldol\nprotocol. Several methods for the generation of the polyene fragment were explored, and the side-chain was ultimately prepared from serine in six steps. The unification of the left and right wings\nof the molecule was achieved using a one-step olefination protocol, and the macrocyclization was\ncarried out using a Horner−Emmons olefination at the C(2)−C(3) olefin.
Modified double emulsion process as a new route to prepare submicron biodegradable magnetic/polycaprolactone particles for in vivo theranostics (2012)

A modified double emulsion evaporation method was devised to encapsulate active ingredients to be used for theranostic purposes. In comparison with classical double emulsion methods, the solvents used for this modified method are miscible. Aqueous and organic ferrofluids having different solid contents of iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Different materials were screened for the preparation of biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles via this new modified double emulsion evaporation method. Factors affecting the final particle size were investigated by encapsulating a hydrophilic model drug that permitted us to prepare a recipe using polycaprolactone (PCL) as polymer, dichloromethane (DCM) as organic solvent and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as stabilizing agent. The characterization of aqueous and organic ferrofluids alone, Stilbene and iron oxide loaded nanoparticles was done by studying particle size, size distribution, zeta potential and morphology, the magnetic properties and chemical composition. All the characterization results showed that the process is praiseworthy for encapsulation of iron oxide nanoparticles (in both aqueous and organic medium) along with an active ingredient for theranostic purposes with a final size of about 300 nm.
Randomized double-blind trial of midazolam/placebo and midazolam/fentanyl for sedation and analgesia in lower-extremity angiography. (1991)

Safety and efficacy of two drug regimens used for sedation and analgesia during lower-extremity angiography were studied. Midazolam (loading dose 14.5 micrograms/kg; maintenance dose, 7.2 micrograms/kg) with or without fentanyl (loading dose, 0.725 micrograms/kg; maintenance dose, 0.362 micrograms/kg) was administered in a blind fashion as an IV bolus to 50 patients. Hemodynamic responses were monitored, and a standardized questionnaire was given to the patient before, immediately after, and 8-24 hr after the procedure. Physicians also were asked questions after the procedure. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were not significantly different before and 2 min after administration or between groups. A small but significant decrease in blood pressure occurred 2 min after the loading dose was given in both groups. Both drug regimens had statistically significant anxiolytic effects; however, anxiolytic effects were superior in the midazolam/fentanyl group (p less than .02). Patients rated the overall effectiveness of anesthesia with midazolam/fentanyl as superior (p less than .02). Analysis of physicians' judgments of the effectiveness of sedation and analgesia showed a statistically significant advantage for the midazolam/fentanyl group (p less than .01). We conclude that midazolam/fentanyl appears to be as safe as and more efficacious than midazolam alone for sedation and analgesia during lower-extremity angiography.
Design and characterisation of a single‐reflection, solid‐state detector with high discrimination against backscattered electrons for cathodoluminescence microscopy (1996)

Abstract Aportable solid‐state detector (SSD) for cathodoluminescence (CL) has been constructed and tested. The detector geometry utilises a parabolic reflector to direct light towards the solid‐state detection element. The photo‐sensitive area of the solid‐state photodiodes is situated at a level in line with or sightly below the top surface of the specimen to minimise the collection of backscattered electrons (BSEs) coming directly from the beam impact point. The components have been integrated into a single unit to enhance portability. In comparison with a commercial CL detection system, the new geometry shows excellent efficiency in rejecting BSE contribution during CL operation. A light collection solid angle close to 1.97π steradian is realised in this geometry, higher than other SSD‐CL systems. A method for characterising CL detection system performance has been developed.
Design, Synthesis, and Use of Y-Shaped ATRP/NMP Surface Tethered Initiator (2015)

Heterogeneous polymer brushes on surfaces can be easily formed from a binary initiator on a silicon oxide substrate where two different types of polymers can be grown side-by-side. Herein, we designed a new Y-shaped binary initiator using straightforward chemistry for "grafting from" polymer brushes. This initiator synthesis takes advantage of the Passerini reaction, a multicomponent reaction combining two initiator sites and one surface linking site. This Y-shaped binary initiator can be synthesized in three steps with a higher yield than other similar initiators reported in the literature, and can be performed on a multigram scale. We were able to attach the initiator to a silicon oxide substrate and successfully grow polymer brushes from both initiators (separately and in combination), confirmed by NEXAFS, AFM, and contact angle.
IVF Outcome Comparisons Between Fresh Embryo Transfers and Embryo Banking Cycles With Subsequent Thawed Transfers Vary Between Good-, Intermediate- and Poor-prognosis Patients (2021)

Abstract Never investigated before in poor prognosis patients, we here determined how in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes after fresh embryo transfers compare to frozen-thawed transfers after embryo banking. Using data from our center’s anonymized electronic research data bank, we in a retrospective controlled observational study investigated IVF cycle outcomes of poor-prognosis infertility patients, utilizing autologous eggs, while utilizing donor-egg recipient cycles as controls for covariables. To accomplish statistically valid comparisons, 4 different pairings of 1 st IVF cycles were utilized: (i) 127 fresh vs. 193 frozen donor recipient cycles; (ii) 741 autologous fresh unselected non-donor IVF cycles vs. 217 autologous frozen non-donor IVF cycles; (iii) 143 favorably selected autologous non-donor IVF cycles vs. the same 217 frozen autologous cycles non-donor; and (iv) 598 selected average and poor-prognosis autologous non-donor cycles vs. the same 217 frozen autologous non-donor cycles. Main outcome measures were pregnancies and live births. Even within poor-prognosis patients, patient selection to significant degrees impacted how fresh and frozen-thawed IVF cycles compared. Though embryo banking with delayed embryo transfer in best-prognosis patients marginally improved IVF outcomes, in unselected patients it had no effect on outcomes, while in poor-prognosis patients it adversely affected IVF outcomes. Unexpectedly, the study also discovered a previously unreported effect of recipient-age on miscarriage risk in donor-egg recipient cycles, which apparently is independent of age-associated increases in chromosomal abnormalities and, therefore, must have other causes. This study suggests that in poor-prognosis patient banking cycles should be considered contraindicated, in intermediate-prognosis patients they do not appear to change outcomes and, therefore, do not warrant additional costs from thaw cycles, leaving only good-prognosis patients as potential candidates for such a strategy.
Oxidants increase paracellular permeability in a cultured epithelial cell line. (1985)

Inflammation of epithelia is an important step in the pathophysiology of a wide variety of diseases. Because reactive oxygen metabolites are important effector molecules of acute inflammation, we examined the effect of oxidants on the barrier function of a cultured epithelium, Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells, by measuring the transepithelial electrical conductance, Gt, of monolayers grown on permeable supports. We found that H2O2, added directly or generated with glucose oxidase, increased Gt. Similar effects were observed with addition of xanthine and xanthine oxidase, a system which enzymatically generates superoxide radical O2-. The oxidant-induced increase in Gt was reversible if the exposure to oxidants was not prolonged (less than 20 min), and if the concentration of H2O2 was less than 5 X 10(-3) M. The increase in Gt suggested that oxidants increase the permeability of the paracellular pathway, a suggestion supported by an oxidant-induced increase in the permeability to 14C-mannitol, which primarily crosses epithelia via the extracellular route. In addition to functional changes in the epithelial monolayer, oxidants changed the cell morphology; after H2O2 exposure, the cells tended to pull apart, most prominently at their basolateral surfaces. These changes were heterogeneous with most areas showing no changes. Some of the morphologic changes could be reversed if the exposure to H2O2 was limited. We also observed a disruption of the normal pattern of the actin-cytoskeleton, particularly in the area of cell to cell junctions, as demonstrated by fluorescent staining of f-actin with rhodamine phallicidin. These functional and structural findings indicate that oxidants increase the permeability of the paracellular pathway in a cultured epithelium. The changes can be reversible, and are accompanied by alterations in organization of the cell cytoskeleton. These studies demonstrate the dynamic nature of the interaction between epithelial cells and oxygen metabolites.
Tissue Engineering a Complete Vaginal Replacement From a Small Biopsy of Autologous Tissue (2008)

These data indicate that a tissue engineering approach to clinical vaginal reconstruction in women is now a realistic possibility.
Limitations of electrical test information: a case study with polysilicon emitter contacts (2002)

It is shown in two case studies on polysilicon emitter contacts that electrical measurements are not sufficient on their own to understand observed variations in the devices under study. Combined with physical information from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) it is possible to see more clearly links between processing, structure, and electrical performance. Both interfacial oxide effects and emitter dose effects are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Laser Flash Photolysis Study of Diphenylphosphoryl Azide. Kinetics of Singlet and Triplet Nitrene Processes (2003)

Laser flash photolysis (266 nm) of diphenylphosphoryl azide 1 produces singlet diphenylphosphorylnitrene 2s (not observed), which can either react with solvent or relax to form the lower energy triplet nitrene 2t. Triplet 2t absorbs at 345 nm in chloroform, cyclohexane, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane, and tetrahydrofuran, but the intensity and shape of the absorption band is solvent-dependent. The triplet lifetime is several tens of microseconds in the aforementioned solvents. The magnitude of 1/τ is linearly dependent on the concentration of diphenylphosphoryl azide 1 ( = 1.2 × 106 M-1 s-1) in methylene chloride. The extrapolated lifetime of 2t in the absence of precursor is 500 μs in methylene chloride at ambient temperature. Thus, the long triplet lifetime in the aforementioned solvents is controlled by nitrene reaction with precursor. The one exception is methanol as solvent for which the triplet lifetime is only 6 μs. The reciprocal of the lifetime of 2t is linearly dependent on the concentration of tris-trimethylsilylsilane ((Me3Si)3SiH), and the absolute rate constants to hydrogen transfer ( ) are 3.4 × 105 M-1 s-1 in 1,2-dichloroethane and 3.1 × 105 M-1 s-1 in 1,1,2-trifluorotrichloroethane. A polar effect on increases the rate constant to reaction with the silane in methanol and shortens the lifetime of 2t in this solvent. (MeSi)3SiH reduces the yield of triplet 2t (φ) by the trapping of singlet nitrene 2s. Stern−Volmer analyses reveal that the singlet lifetime 2s is 1, 1, and 4 ns in 1,2-dichloroethane, methanol, and 1,1,2-trifluorotrichloroethane, respectively, assuming that is 5 × 109 M-1 s-1. The rapid rate of nitrene intersystem crossing is attributed to a N−O bonding interaction in the singlet nitrene, which results in a closed-shell electronic structure of the singlet.
On the theoretical analysis of cross validation in compressive sensing (2014)

Compressive sensing (CS) is a data acquisition technique that measures sparse or compressible signals at a sampling rate lower than their Nyquist rate. Results show that sparse signals can be reconstructed using greedy algorithms, often requiring prior knowledge such as the signal sparsity or the noise level. As a substitute to prior knowledge, cross validation (CV), a statistical method that examines whether a model overfits its data, has been proposed to determine the stopping condition of greedy algorithms. This paper analyses cross validation in a general compressive sensing framework. Furthermore, we provide both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations for a cross-validation modification of orthogonal matching pursuit, referred to as OMP-CV, which has good performance in sparse recovery.
Prospective Evaluation of Adverse Events Following Lower Gastrointestinal Tract EUS FNA (2014)

LGI EUS FNA is associated with a high rate of serious grades 3-4 AEs. This may reflect the total number of associated interventions and the frequency of underlying pathology and symptoms.
Ion-induced formation of stable and metastable phases in the Y-Si system (1991)

Bilayers of yttrium and amorphous silicon have been irradiated with 60 keV inert ions. Between liquid-nitrogen temperature and 100 °C, ion mixing resulted in an amorphous alloy of Y and Si. For temperatures of 125–190 °C, we observed formation of the YSi phase. YSi is not formed during thermal anneals of bilayers. Ion mixing at higher temperatures (≥205 °C) results in the formation of the stable YSi1.7 phase. Such sequential silicide formation has not been observed for comparable rare-earth silicides. The minimum temperatures for ion-induced YSi1.7 formation agrees with the prediction by a simple model which correlates vacancy mobility to phase transformation. The YSi formation temperature is associated with the onset of radiation-enhanced diffusion. This temperature does not correlate well with the prediction of the model, but agrees with a scaling based on the average cohesive energy.
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF ROTAVIRUS RNA DERIVED FROM SIX DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES (1979)

Rotavirus RNA prepared from calf, pig, mouse, deer, foal and dog-adapted human isolates was compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Reproducible differences in the RNA migration patterns were found between all isolates. There were 11 clearly resolved segments in the pig, mouse and foal samples. The calf rotavirus RNA and deer rotavirus RNA separated into 9 bands and 10 bands, respectively. The dog-adapted human virus migrated in 12 bands, and this probably results from the complex passage history of the original human rotavirus isolate.
A Uniaxial Radar Positioning System for Ground Level Reconstruction (2014)

In this contribution a novel radar positioning system is introduced. It makes use of a mathematical curve, called hypocycloid, for a slanting movement of the radar antenna. By means of a planetary gear, a ball, and a universal joint as well as a stepping motor, the two dimensional positioning is provided by a uniaxial drive shaft exclusively. The fundamental position calculation and different signal processing algorithms are presented. Measurements, that were carried out with an 80 GHz FMCW radar system are essential part of this contribution and will be discussed in detail.
NT-02 * EARLY TREATMENT OF HER2-AMPLIFIED BRAIN TUMOURS WITH TARGETED NK-92 CELLS AND FOCUSED ULTRASOUND IMPROVES SURVIVAL (2014)

Malignant brain tumors have a dismal prognosis. Microscopic and often macroscopic residual remain after surgical resection, necessitating adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy. Many intravenously delivered chemotherapeutic agents are hindered by the cerebral capillary endothelium and blood brain barrier (BBB), either due to their size, lipophilicity, or their interaction with efflux channels, resulting in modest treatment efficacy. Both those chemotherapeutic agents that cross the BBB and radiotherapy result in significant damage to healthy brain tissue. We previously demonstrated that targeted Natural Killer (NK-92) cells could be delivered to focal regions of the brain using a combination of focused ultrasound and Definity microbubbles. Targeted NK cells have advantages over other systemic therapies including their specific cytotoxicity to malignant cells, particularly those expressing the target antigen, in addition to sparing healthy cells and being unaffected by efflux channels. As such, once these cells gain access to the CNS, they can track to malignant tissues without inflicting collateral damage. We investigated whether multiple combined treatments of targeted NK-92 cells and focused ultrasound with microbubbles could slow tumor growth and improve survival in an orthotopic HER2-amplified rodent brain tumor model, using a human breast cancer line as a prototype. The HER2 receptor is expressed by a number of epithelial tumours including breast and glioblastoma. Breast cancers with HER2 amplification are more aggressive, have a higher risk of CNS metastasis, and poorer prognosis. We found that early intensive treatment with targeted NK-92 cells and ultrasound improved survival compared with bi-weekly treatments, or either treatment alone. The intensive treatment paradigm resulted in cure in 50% of subjects. Many tumour proteins could be exploited for targeted therapy with the NK-92 cell line, and combined with the mounting safety evidence for trans-cranial ultrasound, this may soon provide a non-invasive and highly targeted treatment option for patients with brain tumours.
Diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with color Doppler flow imaging (2008)

Objective To investigate the color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)characteristics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT),so as to elevate diagnostic accordance rate.Methods The sonographic characteristics of HT and complications confirmed by histology,cytology and laboratory were retrospectively analyzed in 60 patients.Results Echographic patterns of HT were generalized as four types:topical type(9 cases),nodular type(6 cases),defuse type(21 cases)and diffuse nodular type(24 cases).Each type had different incidence rate of hypothyroidism.HT-nodulars in diffuse nodular type could develop from diffuse type,but after medication some of them disappeared and transformed again to diffuse type.The blood flow of 45 cases increased in different level,while flames sea sign was observed only in 14 cases.Conclusion CDFI can provide comparatively accurate diagnosis for HT.
Reynolds number and wind tunnel wall effects on the flow field around a generic UHBR engine high-lift configuration (2020)

Abstract RANS simulations of a generic ultra-high bypass ratio engine high-lift configuration were conducted in three different environments. The purpose of this study is to assess small scale tests in an atmospheric closed test section wind tunnel regarding transferability to large scale tests in an open-jet wind tunnel. Special emphasis was placed on the flow field in the separation prone region downstream from the extended slat cut-out. Validation with wind tunnel test data shows an adequate agreement with CFD results. The cross-comparison of the three sets of simulations allowed to identify the effects of the Reynolds number and the wind tunnel walls on the flow field separately. The simulations reveal significant blockage effects and corner flow separation induced by the test section walls. By comparison, the Reynolds number effects are negligible. A decrease of the incidence angle for the small scale model allows to successfully reproduce the flow field of the large scale model despite severe wind tunnel wall effects.