gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femoropopliteal artery centerline interpolation using contralateral shape (2007)

Curved planar reformation allows comprehensive visualization of arterial flow channels, providing information about calcified and noncalcified plaques and degrees of stenoses. Existing semiautomated centerline-extraction algorithms for curved planar reformation generation fail in severely diseased and occluded arteries. We explored whether contralateral shape information could be used to reconstruct centerlines through femoropopliteal occlusions. We obtained CT angiography data sets of 29 subjects (16m/13f, 19-86yo) without peripheral arterial occlusive disease and five consecutive subjects (1m/4f, 54-85yo) with unilateral femoropopliteal arterial occlusions. A gradient-based method was used to extract the femoropopliteal centerlines in nondiseased segments. Centerlines of the five occluded segments were manually determined by four experts, two times each. We interpolated missing centerlines in 2475 simulated occlusions of various occlusion lengths in nondiseased subjects. We used different curve registration methods (reflection, similarity, affine, and global polynomial) to align the nonoccluded segments, matched the end points of the occluded segments to the corresponding patent end points, and recorded maximum Euclidean distances to the known centerlines. We also compared our algorithm to an existing knowledge-based PCA interpolation algorithm using the nondiseased subjects. In the five subjects with real femoropopliteal occlusions, we measured the maximum Euclidean distance and the percentage of the interpolation that remained within a typical 3 mm radius vessel. In the nondiseased subjects, we found that the rigid registration methods were not significantly (p<0.750) different among themselves but were more accurate than the nonrigid methods (p<0.001). In simulations using nondiseased subjects, our method produced centerlines that stayed within 3 mm of a semiautomatically tracked centerline in occlusions up to 100 mm in length; however, the PCA method was significantly more accurate for all occlusions lengths. In the actual clinical cases, we found the following [occlusion length (mm):error (mm)]: 16.5:0.775, 42.0:1.54, 79.9:1.82, 145:3.23, and 292:6.13, which were almost always more accurate than the PCA algorithm. We conclude that the use of contralateral shape information, when available, is a promising method for the interpolation of centerlines through arterial occlusions.
A Demonstration of Artificial Neural-Networks-Based Data Mining for Gas-Turbine-Driven Compressor Stations (2002)

Abstract This paper presents a successful demonstration of application of neural networks to perform various data mining functions on an RB211 gas-turbine-driven compressor station. Radial basis function networks were optimized and were capable of performing the following functions: (a) backup of critical parameters, (b) detection of sensor faults, (c) prediction of complete engine operating health with few variables, and (d) estimation of parameters that cannot be measured. A Kohonen SOM technique has also been applied to recognize the correctness and validity of any data once the network is trained on a good set of data. This was achieved by examining the activation levels of the winning unit on the output layer of the network. Additionally, it would also be possible to determine the suspicious, faulty or corrupted parameter(s) in the cases which are not recognized by the network by simply examining the activation levels of the input neurons.
Growing impact of optical filtering in future WDM networks (2019)

Whereas carriers faster than 60 GBaud will soon be deployed in the elastic WDM networks, we examine how 75 GHz-wide channel spacing and filtering impact their performance.
Supplementary Data from Comprehensive Mutation and Copy Number Profiling in Archived Circulating Breast Cancer Tumor Cells Documents Heterogeneous Resistance Mechanisms (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Clinical timelines. Clinical timelines and treatment from first diagnosis until enrollment into MI-CTC-ONCOSEQ for the 11 metastatic breast cancer patients; Supplementary Figure S2. Sanger sequencing of WGA CTC DNA and Western blot confirming the presence of A569S mutation; Supplementary Figure S3. MCF-7 (ESR1 A569S) are not estrogen independent over 5 days in hormone-free conditions; Supplementary Figure S4. The tamoxifen metabolites 4-hydroxytamoxifen and endoxifen have no increased agonistic effect in MCF-7 cells over-expressing ER-A569S; Supplementary Figure S5. Inhibition of estradiol-stimulated MCF-7 parental or A569S- overexpressing cells. Supplementary Table S1. Oncomine Comprehensive Panel (OCP) target genes by presence of the MseI restriction site; Table S2. NGS of BT-474 cells spiked into blood and purified identifies expectedTP53 mutation; Supplementary Table S3. Results of CTC purification by DEPArray; Supplementary Table S4: Mean CTC Next Generation Sequencing parameters; Supplementary Table S5. NGS-identified prioritized mutations in individual and pooled CTC samples; Supplementary Table S6. 2 x 2 contingency tables of concordance for alterations in CTC vs tissue; Supplementary Table S7. Patient #2 analysis of primary, clinical metastatic tissue, research biopsy, pt-DNA by ddPCR; Supplementary Table S8. Primer/probe sequences used in Sanger sequencing and ddPCR.&lt;/p&gt;
Discrete time sliding mode control for satellite clusters at Lagrange points (2009)

This paper presents a discrete time sliding mode control system based upon a discrete reaching rate law and applied to an autonomous 6DoF satellite cluster located at the interior Sun-Earth Lagrange point. Centralized decision processes with distributed action are used to enable cluster dispersal from a central spacecraft and reconfiguration to optimally form an interferometer array dependant upon the number of cluster members, whilst considering collision avoidance.
The non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae major adhesin Hia is a dual function lectin that binds to human-specific respiratory tract sialic acid glycan receptors (2020)

Abstract NTHi is a human-adapted pathogen that colonises the human respiratory tract. Strains of NTHi express multiple adhesins, however there is a unique, mutually exclusive relationship between the major adhesins Hia and HMW1/2. Approximately 25% of NTHi strains express Hia, a phase-variable autotransporter protein, and which has a critical role in colonisation of the host nasopharynx. The remaining 75% of strains express HMW1/2. Previous work has shown that the HMW1 and HMW2 proteins mediate binding to 2,3- and 2,6-linked sialic acid glycans found in the human respiratory tract. Here we show that that the high affinity binding domain of Hia, binding domain 1 (BD1) is responsible for binding to α2,6-sialyllactosamine glycans. BD1 is highly specific for glycans that incorporate the form of sialic acid expressed by humans, N -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). We further show that Hia has lower affinity binding activity for 2,3-linked sialic acid and that this binding activity is mediated via a distinct domain. Thus, Hia with its dual binding activities functionally mimics the combined activities of the HMW1 and 2 adhesins. In addition, we show that Hia has a role in biofilm formation by strains of NTHi that express the adhesin. Knowledge of the binding affinity of a major NTHi adhesin, and putative vaccine candidate, will direct and inform development of future vaccines and therapeutic strategies for this important pathogen. Importance Host-adapted bacterial pathogens like NTHi have evolved specific mechanisms to colonize their restricted host niche. Relatively few of the adhesins expressed by NTHi have been characterized as regards their binding affinity at the molecular level. In this work we show that the major NTHi adhesin, Hia, preferentially binds to Neu5Ac-α2,6-sialyllactosamine, the form of sialic acid expressed in humans. The receptors targeted by Hia in the human airway mirror those targeted by influenza A virus and indicates the broad importance of sialic acid glycans as receptors for airway pathogens.
Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway Contributes to the Protective Effects of Sargassum serratifolium Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis in SW1353 Human Chondrocytes (2018)

Oxidative stress in chondrocytes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis as an important cause of articular cartilage degradation. <i>Sargassum serratifolium</i> C. Agardh, a marine brown algae, is known to have potent antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted yet on the protective efficacy against oxidative stress in chondrocytes. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the mechanism of the antioxidative effect of ethanol extract of <i>S. serratifolium</i> (EESS) on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in SW1353 human chondrocytes. For this purpose, SW1353 cells exposed to H₂O₂ in the presence or absence of EESS were applied to cell viability assay, comet assay, immunoblotting and flow cytometry analyses. Our results showed that EESS effectively attenuated H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage associated with the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. EESS also weakened the mitochondria membrane permeabilization by H₂O₂, and recovered H₂O₂-induced decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3, and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, EESS increased not only expression, but also phosphorylation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and promoted the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, but decreased the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1; however, the inhibition of HO-1 activity by zinc protoporphyrin abolished the antioxidant potential induced by EESS against H₂O₂-mediated oxidative stress. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the antioxidant efficacy of EESS in chondrocytes is at least involved in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway-dependent mechanism.
Tuning Cu/Cu2O Interfaces for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol in Aqueous Solutions (2018)

Abstract Artificial photosynthesis can be used to store solar energy and reduce CO 2 into fuels to potentially alleviate global warming and the energy crisis. Compared to the generation of gaseous products, it remains a great challenge to tune the product distribution of artificial photosynthesis to liquid fuels, such as CH 3 OH, which are suitable for storage and transport. Herein, we describe the introduction of metallic Cu nanoparticles (NPs) on Cu 2 O films to change the product distribution from gaseous products on bare Cu 2 O to predominantly CH 3 OH by CO 2 reduction in aqueous solutions. The specifically designed Cu/Cu 2 O interfaces balance the binding strengths of H* and CO* intermediates, which play critical roles in CH 3 OH production. With a TiO 2 model photoanode to construct a photoelectrochemical cell, a Cu/Cu 2 O dark cathode exhibited a Faradaic efficiency of up to 53.6 % for CH 3 OH production. This work demonstrates the feasibility and mechanism of interface engineering to enhance the CH 3 OH production from CO 2 reduction in aqueous electrolytes.
Modeling and Experimental Analyses of a Two-Cell Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Emphasizing Individual Cell Characteristics (2008)

Performance of individual cells in an operating polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack is different from each other because of inherent manufacturing tolerances of the cell components and unequal operating conditions for the individual cells. In this paper, first, effects of different operating conditions on performance of the individual cells in a two-cell PEM fuel cell stack have been experimentally investigated. The results of the experiments showed the presence of a voltage difference between the two cells that cannot be manipulated by operating conditions. The temperature of the supplying air among others predominantly influences the individual cell voltages. In addition, those effects are explored by using a dynamic model of a stack that has been developed. The model uses electrochemical voltage equations, dynamic water balance in the membrane, energy balance, and diffusion in the gas diffusion layer, reflecting a two-phase phenomenon of water. Major design parameters and an operating condition by conveying simulations have been changed to analyze sensitivity of the parameters on the performance, which is then compared with experimental results. It turns out that proton conductivity of the membrane in cells among others is the most influential parameter on the performance, which is fairly in line with the reading from the experimental results.
ChemInform Abstract: A Realistic Model for Heme‐Containing Catalases and Peroxidases: The X‐Ray Structural Characterization of a Non‐Porphyrin Iron(III) Macrocyclic Complex, and the Mechanism of Its Peroxidation of Aromatic Substrates. (1988)

Abstract In acidic buffered aqueous solution the complex (Ia) exhibits both catalase‐ and peroxidase‐like activity.
<title>New three-component aqueous base developable negative-resist systems incorporating chemical amplification and tunable sensitivities</title> (1993)

A series of new polyfunctional latent electrophiles capable of acting as crosslinkers in the photoimaging of aromatic polymers has been prepared and tested in chemically amplified photoresist formulations. Extremely high sensitivities have been achieved with a variety of modes of irradiations: deep-UV (DUV) (ca. 0.1 - 0.3 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>), E-beam (&lt; 1 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) and x ray (ca. 15 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). In some cases, the sensitivities of these materials are so high that they have surpassed the capabilities of many existing exposure tools, making it desirable to lower them. This can be achieved through the addition of an electron rich species to the resist formulations to partially capture the photogenerated acid. It was shown that there is a linear correlation between the amount of additive and the sensitivities of the resulting resists.
Charge transport and exciton dissociation in organic solar cells consisting of dipolar donors mixed withC70 (2015)

We investigate dipolar donor materials mixed with a ${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$ acceptor in an organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell. Dipolar donors that have donor-acceptor-acceptor (d-a-a\ensuremath{'}) structure result in high conductivity pathways due to close coupling between neighboring molecules in the mixed films. We analyze the charge transfer properties of the dipolar donor:${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$ mixtures and corresponding neat donors using a combination of time-resolved electroluminescence from intermolecular polaron pair states and conductive tip atomic force microscopy, from which we infer that dimers of the d-a-a\ensuremath{'} donors tend to form a continuous network of nanocrystalline clusters within the blends. Additional insights are provided by quantum-mechanical calculations of hole transfer coupling and hopping rates between donor molecules using nearest-neighbor donor packing motifs taken from crystal structural data. The approximation using only nearest-neighbor interactions leads to good agreement between donor hole hopping rates and the conductive properties of the donor:${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$ blends. This represents a significant simplification from requiring details of the nano- and mesoscale morphologies of thin films to estimate their electronic characteristics. Using these dipolar donors, we obtain a maximum power conversion efficiency of $9.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5%$ under 1 sun, AM1.5G simulated illumination for an OPV comprised of an active layer containing a dipolar donor mixed with ${\mathrm{C}}_{70}$.
Panaxanthone isolated from pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. suppresses tumor growth and metastasis of a mouse model of mammary cancer. (2009)

These results suggest that the observed antimetastatic activity of panaxanthone may be of clinical significance as adjuvant therapy in metastatic human breast cancer, and may also be useful as a chemopreventative of breast cancer development.
π-Facial diastereoselectivity in the Diels–Alder reactions of cis-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol and derivatives with N-phenylmaleimide (1992)

N-Phenylmaleimide undergoes Diels–Alder cycloaddition predominantly to the face of cis-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol (3) syn to the oxygen functions. Derivatization can be used to alter the π-facial diastereoselectivity in a synthetically useful manner. The best cases are the exclusive, high yield, production of the syn-addition product with the trimethylsilyl ether derivative (8), and the exo-benzylidine derivative (26) gave a 96:4 anti/syn ratio of adducts.
Spatio-temporal analysis of human preimplantation development reveals dynamics of epiblast and trophectoderm (2019)

Abstract Recent technological advances such as single-cell RNAseq 1-3 and CRISPR-CAS9-mediated knock-out 4 have allowed an unprecedented access into processes orchestrating human preimplantation development 5 . However, the sequence of events which occur during human preimplantation development are still unknown. In particular, timing of first human lineage specification, the process by which the morula cells acquire a specific fate, remains elusive. Here, we present a human preimplantation development model based on transcriptomic pseudotime modelling of scRNAseq biologically validated by spatial information and precise time-lapse staging. In contrast to mouse, we show that trophectoderm (TE) / inner cell mass (ICM) lineage specification in human is only detectable at the transcriptomic level at the blastocyst stage, just prior to expansion. We validated the expression profile of novel markers enabling precise staging of human preimplantation embryos, such as IFI16 which highlights establishment of epiblast (EPI) and NR2F2 which appears at the transition from specified to mature TE. Strikingly, mature TE cells arise from the polar side, just after specification, supporting a model of polar TE cells driving TE maturation. Altogether, our study unravels the first lineage specification event in the human embryo and provides a browsable resource for mapping spatio-temporal events underlying human lineage specification.
Fcε Receptor I on Dendritic Cells Delivers IgE-Bound Multivalent Antigens into a Cathepsin S-Dependent Pathway of MHC Class II Presentation (1998)

Abstract In this study, we elucidate the FcεRI-mediated Ag uptake and presentation mechanisms of dendritic cells (DC). We found that FcεRI-bound IgE, after polyvalent but not after monovalent ligation, is efficiently internalized into acidic, proteolytic compartments, degraded, and delivered into organelles containing MHC class II, HLA-DM, and lysosomal proteins. To follow the fate of the fragmented ligand, we sought to interfere with invariant chain (Ii) degradation, a process critical for peptide loading of nascent MHC class II molecules. We found DC to express cathepsin (Cat) S, a cysteine protease involved in li processing by B cells. Exposure of DC to a specific, active-site inhibitor of Cat S resulted in the loss of anti-Cat S immunoreactivity, led to the appearance of an N-terminal Ii remnant, and decreased the export of newly synthesized MHC class II to the DC surface. Furthermore, inactivation of Cat S as well as blockade of protein neosynthesis by cycloheximide strongly reduced IgE/FcεRI-mediated Ag presentation by DC. Thus, multimeric ligands of FcεRI, instead of being delivered into a recycling MHC class II pathway, are channeled efficiently into MIIC (MHC class II compartment)-like organelles of DC, in which Cat S-dependent li processing and peptide loading of newly synthesized MHC class II molecules occur. This IgE/FcεRI-dependent signaling pathway in DC may be a particularly effective route for immunization and a promising target for interfering with the early steps of allergen presentation.
Understanding the Effect of Hydrogen Surface Passivation and Etching on the Shape of Silicon Nanocrystals (2008)

One of the significant challenges in the use of nanocrystals, is the control of crystal shape when grown from the gas−phase. Recently, the Kortshagen group has succeeded in generating cubic Si nanocrystals in a nonequilibrium plasma. In this paper we consider the energetics of various shaped Si nanocrystals, and the role that hydrogen surface termination plays. We consider cube, truncated octahedron, icosahedron, and spherical shapes for both bare and hydrogen coated silicon nanocrystals for sizes between 2 and 10 nm. From our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, show that for bare Si crystals, icosahedron crystals are the most energetically stable, and cubic the least. On the other hand, when hydrogenated, the cubic structure comes about because 1) the cubic structure is energetically favored when hydrogen terminated and 2) the plasma that operates with hydrogen also provides a steady source of hydrogen atoms for etching.
Computationally Efficient Optic Nerve Head Detection in Retinal Fundus\n Images (2019)

This paper presents a computationally efficient method for the detection of\noptic nerve head in both color fundus and fluorescein angiography images. It\ninvolves a combination of Radon transformation and multi-overlapping windows\nwithin an optimization framework in order to achieve a robust detection in the\npresence of various structural, color, and intensity variations in such images.\nThree databases have been examined and it is shown that the introduced method\nprovides high detection rates while achieving faster proceeding rates than the\nexisting algorithms that possess comparable detection rates.\n
Fibrin formation by staphylothrombin facilitates Staphylococcus aureus-induced platelet aggregation (2012)

Interactions of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and platelets play an important role in the pathogenesis of intravascular infections such as infective endocarditis (IE). A typical feature of S. aureus is the ability to generate thrombin activity through the secretion of two prothrombin activating molecules, staphylocoagulase and von Willebrand factor-binding protein (vWbp), which bind to human prothrombin to form the enzymatically active staphylothrombin complex. The role of staphylothrombin in the interaction between S. aureus and platelets has not yet been studied. We found that in contrast with thrombin, staphylothrombin did not directly activate human platelets. However, the staphylothrombin-mediated conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin initiated platelet aggregation and secondary activation and facilitated S. aureus-platelet interactions. Both the genetic absence of staphylocoagulase and vWbp and pharmacological inhibition of staphylothrombin increased the lag time to aggregation, and reduced platelet trapping by S. aureus in high shear stress conditions. The combined inhibition of staphylothrombin and immunoglobulin binding to platelets completely abolished the ability of S. aureus to aggregate platelets in vitro. In conclusion, although staphylothrombin did not directly activate platelets, the formation of a fibrin scaffold facilitated bacteria-platelet interaction, and the inhibition of staphylothrombin resulted in a reduced activation of platelets by S. aureus.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene‐Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of o‐Allyl Aryl Ketones to . gamma.‐Butyrolactones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.