gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Load-Bearing Capacity and Deformation of Jammed Architectural Structures (2018)

Abstract The Jammed Architectural Structures (JAS), presented in this article, are 3D-printed fully reversible architectural elements, composed of low-cost loose bulk material, and string reinforcement. The material system is based on crushed stones (known from the railroad industry) and recycled string. If poured without any containment, the stones naturally form a pile. However, in the case of our JAS, a robotically placed string is applied to confine and transform the bulk material into geometrically differentiated structures at an architectural scale. Since this is a nonstandard material system, a combination of techniques from the fields of architecture and materials science is necessary to, first, understand the material behavior and consequently to inform the processes of design and construction. This article investigates the load-bearing capacities and the deformation of our JAS by presenting results from a series of uniaxial compression tests and fiber-optic measurements. Findings from these tests serve to inform the generative logic of the string layout, which is not only key to the design of our JAS but also responsible for the material properties of the system. The developed methods are validated at an architectural scale through the design and construction of a wall segment loaded with concrete slabs. The presented results prove that the string/stone material system has the potential of becoming an actual load-bearing building material and forms the basis for material-informed design strategies for JAS.
Antioxidant-surfactant liposomes mitigate hyperoxic lung injury in premature rabbits (1995)

Surfactant liposomes, encapsulating CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, increase alveolar type II cell antioxidant activity and protect cells against oxidant stress. We examined whether intratracheal instillation of antioxidant-surfactant liposomes increases lung antioxidant activity in premature rabbits. Pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were delivered by cesarean section on day 28 or 29 of gestation or allowed to deliver spontaneously. After premature birth or at 2 days of age in the term rabbits, the pups from each litter were divided into four groups. One group received 0.1 ml/15 g birth wt of antioxidant-surfactant liposomes by intratracheal injection and was then exposed to hyperoxia (> 95% oxygen) for 24 h and killed. The second group received an equal amount of surfactant liposomes without antioxidant enzymes and was exposed to hyperoxia for 24 h. The third group received air placebo and was exposed to hyperoxia for 24 h, and the fourth group was killed after birth if premature or at 2 days of age if term. After the pups were killed, lung homogenates were investigated for total SOD and catalase activity and DNA content. Each treatment group consisted of 12-15 rabbit pups. Lung antioxidant enzyme activity increased with advancing maturity. Among the premature rabbits, total lung SOD and catalase activity were lowest in the pups killed before hyperoxia and the air placebo controls exposed to hyperoxia, intermediate in the pups treated with liposomes without antioxidant enzymes and hyperoxia, and highest in the pups that received antioxidant-surfactant liposomes and hyperoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Femtosecond nano-imaging of the few-femtosecond coherent dynamics of two-dimensional materials (2020)

Using plasmonic nanofocusing coupled with ultrafast femtosecond pulses, we perform spatio-temporal nonlinear optical imaging of graphene and MoSe2. We resolve for the first time the nanoscale heterogeneity in the few-femtosecond coherent dynamics in two-dimensional materials.
Silica Nanocasts of Wood Fibers:  A Study of Cell-Wall Accessibility and Structure (2004)

The porosity and the available surface area of a lignocellulosic fiber can influence the accessibility and reactivity in derivatization and modification reactions because the porous cell-wall network determines the upper size limit for molecules that can penetrate and react with the interior of the wall. To obtain information concerning the accessibility of the porous cell wall of wood fibers, surfactant-templated sol-gel mineralization has been examined. Wood and kraft pulp samples of Norway spruce were impregnated with a silica sol-gel and subsequently heated (calcined) and transformed into structured mesoporous silica. Microscopy studies (environmental scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microsopy, TEM) on the silica casts showed that the three-dimensional architecture of the wood and pulp fiber cell wall was revealed down to the nanometer level. Image analysis of TEM micrographs of silica fragments from the never-dried pulp revealed complete infiltration of the cell-wall voids and microcavities (mean pore width 4.7 +/- 2 nm) by the sol-gel and the presence of cellulose fibrils with a width of 3.6 +/- 1 nm. Cellulose fibrils of the same width as that shown by image analysis were also identified by nitrogen adsorption measurements of the pore size distribution in the replicas.
Distributed System Security via Logical Frameworks (SeLF) (2008)

Abstract : We conducted a research program with the goal of advancing security in distributed systems via the application of logical frameworks. Our work targeted multiple facets of the life-cycle of a distributed system, ranging from design through execution, and from sound mechanism design through sound policy enforcement. It consisted of three major interconnected thrusts. First, we investigated how to exploit existing technologies to mechanically reason about security policies as specified in a logical framework. This closed an important security gap, helping users and managers understand the consequences of their policies. Second, we demonstrated the use of logical frameworks for encoding and enforcing access-control policies in a practical distributed system. Access-control mechanisms today, whether it be physical keys for doors or password protection for computer accounts, reflect access-control policies that are explicit only in the manual procedures of the organization that manages these resources. As such, any change in policy, e.g., creating a new computer account, or permitting a person to unlock a door, is effected through a manual process. We utilized logical frameworks to encode organizational policies within computer systems, thereby harnessing the power of these frameworks to support the management and enforcement of access-control policy, and gaining security and flexibility by doing so. We demonstrated this capability in a ubiquitous computing test-bed at Carnegie Mellon. Third, we developed and implemented a framework for the specification of distributed and concurrent systems and their implementations, specifically targeting our test-bad architecture. This work extends a previous collaboration between NRL and Carnegie Mellon that resulted in the design of CLF, an innovative logical language for the specification of concurrent systems. CLF incorporates ideas from logical frameworks, linear logic, and monads into an expressive meta-language.
Accurate Geo-Registration by Ground-to-Aerial Image Matching (2014)

We address the problem of geo-registering ground-based multi-view stereo models by ground-to-aerial image matching. The main contribution is a fully automated geo-registration pipeline with a novel viewpoint-dependent matching method that handles ground to aerial viewpoint variation. We conduct large-scale experiments which consist of many popular outdoor landmarks in Rome. The proposed approach demonstrates a high success rate for the task, and dramatically outperforms state-of-the-art techniques, yielding geo-registration at pixel-level accuracy.
Evaluating design tradeoffs in on-chip power management for CMPs (2007)

In light of the recent shift towards multi-core processor designs, dynamic power-management techniques that were designed for single-core microprocessors must be augmented with larger chip-level control. In this paper, we explore the design-tradeoffs associated with CMP power management solutions in a full-system simulation environment. We show that global power management solutions outperform solutions that locally manage power per-core. We then show that global power management is most effective at finer granularities that allow it to adapt to changing workload behavior and thus conclude that on-chip hardware solutions for CMP power management are an important consideration for future CMP microprocessors.
Comparison Study of Airway Reactivity Outcomes due to a Pharmacologic Challenge Test: Impulse Oscillometry versus Least Mean Squared Analysis Techniques (2013)

The technique of measuring transpulmonary pressure and respiratory airflow with manometry and pneumotachography using the least mean squared analysis (LMS) has been used broadly in both preclinical and clinical settings for the evaluation of neonatal respiratory function during tidal volume breathing for lung tissue and airway frictional mechanical properties measurements. Whereas the technique of measuring respiratory function using the impulse oscillation technique (IOS) involves the assessment of the relationship between pressure and flow using an impulse signal with a range of frequencies, requires less cooperation and provides more information on total respiratory system resistance (chest wall, lung tissue, and airways). The present study represents a preclinical animal study to determine whether these respiratory function techniques (LMS and IOS) are comparable in detecting changes in respiratory resistance derived from a direct pharmacological challenge.
The Minimum Modulation Curve as a tool for specifying optical performance: application to surfaces with mid-spatial frequency errors (2019)

There are a variety of common situations in which specification of a one-dimensional modulation transfer function (MTF) or two orthogonal profiles of the 2D MTF are not adequate descriptions of the image quality performance of an optical system. These include systems with an asymmetric on-axis impulse response, systems with off-axis aberrations, systems with surfaces that include mid-spatial frequency errors, and freeform systems. In this paper, we develop the concept of the Minimum Modulation Curve (MMC). Starting with the two-dimensional MTF in polar form, the minimum MTF for any azimuth angle is plotted as a function of the radial spatial frequency. This can be presented in a familiar form similar to an MTF curve and is useful in the context of guaranteeing that a given MTF specification is met for any possible orientation of spatial frequencies in the image. In this way, an MMC may be of value in specifying the required performance of an optical system. We illustrate application of the MMC using profile data for surfaces with mid-spatial frequency errors.
A data driven approach to relevancy recognition for contextual question answering (2006)

Contextual question answering (QA), in which users' information needs are satisfied through an interactive QA dialogue, has recently attracted more research attention. One challenge of engaging dialogue into QA systems is to determine whether a question is relevant to the previous interaction context. We refer to this task as relevancy recognition. In this paper we propose a data driven approach for the task of relevancy recognition and evaluate it on two data sets: the TREC data and the HandQA data. The results show that we achieve better performance than a previous rule-based algorithm. A detailed evaluation analysis is presented.
Effects of radio propagation path loss on DS-CDMA cellular frequency reuse efficiency for the reverse channel (1992)

Analysis techniques for quantitatively describing the impact of propagation path loss and user distribution on wireless direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) spread spectrum systems are presented. Conventional terrestrial propagation models which assume a d/sup 4/ path loss law are shown to describe modern cellular and personal communication system channels, poorly. A two-ray propagation model and path loss model derived from field measurements are used to analyze the impact of path loss on the frequency reuse efficiency of DS-CDMA cellular radio systems. The analysis shows that the frequency reuse efficiency (F) of the reverse channel with a single ring of adjacent cells can vary from a maximum of 71% in d/sup 4/ channels with a favorable distribution of users, to a minimum of 33% in d/sup 2/ channels with a worst-case user distribution. For three rings of adjacent users, F drops to 58% and 16%, respectively. Using the two-ray model, it is shown that F can vary over a wide range of values due to the fine structure of propagation path loss.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ion Transporter NKCC1, Modulator of Neurogenesis in Murine Olfactory Neurons (2015)

Olfaction is one of the most crucial senses for vertebrates regarding foraging and social behavior. Therefore, it is of particular interest to investigate the sense of smell, its function on a molecular level, the signaling proteins involved in the process and the mechanism of required ion transport. In recent years, the precise role of the ion transporter NKCC1 in olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) chloride accumulation has been a controversial subject. NKCC1 is expressed in OSNs and is involved in chloride accumulation of dissociated neurons, but it had not been shown to play a role in mouse odorant sensation. Here, we present electro-olfactogram recordings (EOG) demonstrating that NKCC1-deficient mice exhibit significant defects in perception of a complex odorant mixture (Henkel100) in both air-phase and submerged approaches. Using next generation sequencing (NGS) and RT-PCR experiments of NKCC1-deficient and wild type mouse transcriptomes, we confirmed the absence of a highly expressed ion transporter that could compensate for NKCC1. Additional histological investigations demonstrated a reduced number of cells in the olfactory epithelium (OE), resulting in a thinner neuronal layer. Therefore, we conclude that NKCC1 is an important transporter involved in chloride ion accumulation in the olfactory epithelium, but it is also involved in OSN neurogenesis.
An Automated Approach for the Optimization of Pixel-Based Visualizations (2007)

During the last two decades, a wide variety of advanced methods for the visual exploration of large data sets have been proposed. For most of these techniques user interaction has become a crucial element, since there are many situations in which users or analysts have to select the right parameter settings from among many in order to construct insightful visualizations. The right choice of input parameters is essential, since suboptimal parameter settings or the investigation of irrelevant data dimensions make the exploration process more time consuming and may result in wrong conclusions. But finding the right parameters is often a tedious process and it becomes almost impossible for an analyst to find an optimal parameter setting manually because of the volume and complexity of today's data sets. Therefore, we propose a novel approach for automatically determining meaningful parameter- and attribute settings based on the combined analysis of the data space and the resulting visualizations with respect to a given task. Our technique automatically analyzes pixel images resulting from visualizations created from diverse parameter mappings and ranks them according to the potential value for the user. This allows a more effective and more efficient visual data analysis process, since the attribute/parameter space is reduced to meaningful selections and thus the analyst obtains faster insight into the data. Real-world applications are provided to show the benefit of the proposed approach.
Optimization of Probabilistic Shaping Enabled Transceivers with Large Constellation Sizes for High Capacity Transmission (2018)

We study digital signal processing techniques to optimize the back-to-back performance of large probabilistic shaped constellations. We cover joint optimization of LDPC and constellation shaping, CD pre-compensation, clipping and I/Q imbalance compensation.
Neutralization and clearance of GM-CSF by autoantibodies in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (2015)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a severe autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies that neutralize GM-CSF resulting in impaired function of alveolar macrophages. In this study, we characterize 21 GM-CSF autoantibodies from PAP patients and find that somatic mutations critically determine their specificity for the self-antigen. Individual antibodies only partially neutralize GM-CSF activity using an in vitro bioassay, depending on the experimental conditions, while, when injected in mice together with human GM-CSF, they lead to the accumulation of a large pool of circulating GM-CSF that remains partially bioavailable. In contrast, a combination of three non-cross-competing antibodies completely neutralizes GM-CSF activity in vitro by sequestering the cytokine in high-molecular-weight complexes, and in vivo promotes the rapid degradation of GM-CSF-containing immune complexes in an Fc-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings provide a plausible explanation for the severe phenotype of PAP patients and for the safety of treatments based on single anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibodies.
Improvement of ELK Reliability in Flip Chip Packages using Bond-on-Lead (BOL) Interconnect Structure (2010)

In this paper, a novel flip chip interconnect structure called Bond-On-Lead (BOL) and its ability to reduce stress in the sensitive sub-surface ELK (Extra Low K) layers of the die is presented. BOL is a new low cost flip chip packaging solution which was developed by STATSChipPAC to dramatically reduce the cost of flip chip packaging. The BOL solution allows for efficient substrate routing by virtue of the use of narrow BOL pads and the removal of solder mask in the area of the BOL pads, which eliminates the limitations associated with solder mask opening sizes and positional tolerances. In addition to the compelling cost benefits, modeling results are confirmed with empirical reliability testing data to show that BOL is superior to the traditional Bond-on-Capture Pad (BOC) configuration from a mechanical stress and reliability perspective. The focus of this paper is on the theoretical analysis of the stress, strain, and warpage associated with the BOL configuration compared with the traditional BOC structure. For the package deformation, the global finite element method is used to simulate the package warpage. For the local bumping reliability, the focus is on the ELK layers which are the critical locations affecting the package's reliability. The local finite element simulation is conducted to compare the critical ELK layers stresses with BOL structure vs. with traditional BOC structure.
Methods for accurate acoustic characterization with ultra-low noise and minimal effect from reflection wave (2022)

It is common to measure the response of devices and structures to sound due to an imposed sound source. Unfortunately, acoustic reflections from walls and/or instruments often contaminate the results. In this presentation, methods of acoustic characterization are described to minimize the influence of acoustic reflections. It is shown that this process results in clean and smooth data. A simple time-domain window is implemented for diminishing the contribution from reflection waves. Moreover, a single frequency curve fitting approach is employed for better parameter identification and noise reduction, compared to traditional fast Fourier Transform analysis. Results obtained from a theoretical acoustic model with a reflection source are compared with measured results. Different cases of data acquisition with time and frequency analysis are experimentally demonstrated and validated. All experimental measurements are performed in an anechoic chamber. Results show that the approach presented here significantly reduces noise and also the influences of reflection waves in experimental data acquisition outcomes.
Analog CAD: computer aided design, or, computer accelerated disasters? (2004)

Presents a summary of conference panel discussions.
Efficiently incorporating user feedback into information extraction and integration programs (2009)

Many applications increasingly employ information extraction and integration (IE/II) programs to infer structures from unstructured data. Automatic IE/II are inherently imprecise. Hence such programs often make many IE/II mistakes, and thus can significantly benefit from user feedback. Today, however, there is no good way to automatically provide and process such feedback. When finding an IE/II mistake, users often must alert the developer team (e.g., via email or Web form) about the mistake, and then wait for the team to manually examine the program internals to locate and fix the mistake, a slow, error-prone, and frustrating process.
Introduction to Adaptive Filters (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Adaptive filtering Adaptive transversal filters Performance surfaces Adaptive algorithms Spectral dynamic range and misadjustment Applications of adaptive filters Transform-domain and subband adaptive filters Summary References
Controllable method for fabricating single-wall carbon nanotube tips (2000)

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were abruptly cut with a niobium substrate after a heating process in an ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope. The cutting was attributed to a break of weakly bonded interface between carbon nanotubes and niobium carbide that formed as a product of a solid-phase reaction. This effect provided a controllable method for preparing well-defined SWCNT tips in future field-emission applications.
Characteristics of Invasive and Noninvasive Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells (1990)

A human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (LoVo) established from a lymph node metastasis was used to study properties associated with invasive tumor cells. Human amniotic membranes were used as invasion barriers to select highly invasive and noninvasive subpopulations of cells from the parent LoVo line. Enriched subpopulations were compared with respect to parameters associated with invasion. The invasive cells were more invasive in vitro and more highly sialylated than either the parental or noninvasive line. Invasive cells migrated more strongly in vitro toward gradients of soluble and insoluble laminin, and their augmented migration correlated with increased adhesion and spreading on laminin-coated substrata. Invasive cells also had the highest level of specific laminin-binding activity. Thus, the invasive cells were shown to possess specific properties that correlated with their successful traversal of the human amnion membrane.
Legless locomotion for legged robots (2004)

We propose a locomotion technique for a legged robot that is high-centered, i.e., a robot stuck on a block with its legs dangling in air. By using its legs as reaction masses, the robot might be able to rock and roll on its stomach and incrementally move forward off the block, a form of legless locomotion using halteres. With locomotion of high-centered robots using body attitude oscillations as motivation, this paper focuses on studying the interplay between leg motions and body roll-pitch-yaw dynamics. We present results from simulation of two simplified models in which body motion is restricted to the roll and roll-yaw space respectively.
Thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score: a new paradigm for the treatment of thoracolumbar spine trauma (2005)

The usefulness of this new system will have to be proven in future studies investigating inter- and intraobserver reliability, as well as long-term outcome studies for operative and nonoperative treatment methods.