gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Unified Framework for Small Secret Exponent Attack on RSA (2014)

In this paper, we present a lattice based method on small secret exponent attack on the RSA scheme. Boneh and Durfee reduced the attack to finding the small roots of the bivariate modular equation: x(N+1+y)+1 ≡ 0 (mod e), where N is an RSA modulus and e is the RSA public key and proposed a lattice based algorithm for solving the problem. When the secret exponent d is less than N0.292, their method breaks the RSA scheme. Since the lattice used in the analysis is not full-rank, the analysis is not easy. Blömer and May proposed an alternative algorithm that uses a full-rank lattice, even though it gives a bound (d≤N0.290) that is worse than Boneh-Durfee. However, the proof for their bound is still complicated. Herrmann and May, however, have given an elementary proof for the Boneh-Durfee's bound: d≤N0.292. In this paper, we first give an elementary proof for achieving Blömer-May's bound: d≤N0.290. Our proof employs the unravelled linearization technique introduced by Herrmann and May and is rather simpler than that of Blömer-May's proof. We then provide a unified framework — which subsumes the two previous methods, the Herrmann-May and the Blömer-May methods, as a special case — for constructing a lattice that can be are used to solve the problem. In addition, we prove that Boneh-Durfee's bound: d≤N0.292 is still optimal in our unified framework.
Improving accuracy by subpixel smoothing in the finite-difference time domain (2006)

Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods suffer from reduced accuracy when modeling discontinuous dielectric materials, due to the inhererent discretization (pixelization). We show that accuracy can be significantly improved by using a subpixel smoothing of the dielectric function, but only if the smoothing scheme is properly designed. We develop such a scheme based on a simple criterion taken from perturbation theory and compare it with other published FDTD smoothing methods. In addition to consistently achieving the smallest errors, our scheme is the only one that attains quadratic convergence with resolution for arbitrarily sloped interfaces. Finally, we discuss additional difficulties that arise for sharp dielectric corners.
Mechanism of Romascone® release from hydrolyzed vinyl acetate nanoparticles: thermogravimetric method (2006)

Abstract The evaporation kinetics of pure Romascone® (methyl 2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐methylene‐1‐cyclohexanecarboxylate) and Romascone® when mixed with vinyl acetate (VAc) nanoparticles have been determined by using thermogravimetric analysis. For pure Romascone®, the evaporation rate follows an Arrhenius dependence with temperature. When Romascone® is mixed with VAc nanoparticles, two evaporation mechanisms are identified depending on the presence of comonomer and crosslinking degree. (a) Evaporation limited by the presence of non‐interactive nanoparticles. The evaporation rate is governed by the evolution of the equilibrium vapor pressure that depends on the volume fraction of volatile molecules. (b) Evaporation limited by the diffusion of volatile molecules through a polymeric particle wall. Since the diffusion depends on the physical state or structure of the polymeric nanoparticle phase, the volume fraction of volatile molecules is a determinant parameter. Furthermore, a sudden modification in the evolution of the diffusion coefficient with volatile volume fraction gives rise to discussion on phase transition. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A multicenter clinical trial of gadolite oral suspension as a contrast agent for MRI (1997)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of Gadolite Oral Suspension as a gastrointestinal (GI) contrast agent for MRI in a phase II and two phase III multicenter clinical trials. Gadolite was administered to 306 patients with known or suspected abdominal and/or pelvic disease. MRI with T1- and T2-weighted sequences was performed before and after ingestion. Efficacy was evaluated by having two masked readers rate the certainty of their MR diagnosis (0 = uncertain, 1 = probable, 2 = definite) on randomly presented pre- and post-Gadolite Oral Suspension enhanced images. Principal investigators also evaluated the images and established the final diagnosis. Vital signs, clinical chemistries, and adverse events were documented. Blood and urine samples were analyzed for gadolinium content to determine whether Gadolite Oral Suspension was absorbed systemically. Certainty in MR diagnosis increased significantly (P < .001) for both blinded readers between pre- and post-Gadolite images (.49-1.18 for reader 1: .46-1.53 for reader 2). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy also increased for both masked readers. No gadolinium was detected in blood or urine samples. There were no serious adverse events and no apparent drug-related trends in mean vital signs or laboratory values. Gadolite is a highly effective, safe, and well tolerated contrast agent for clinical use with MRI.
Low Loss Etchless Silicon Photonic Waveguides (2009)

We demonstrate low loss silicon waveguides fabricated without silicon etching by selective oxidation. We show propagation losses of 0.3dB/cm (λ=1.55μm), roughness of 0.3nm RMS, and 0.0002dB loss for a 90° bend with 20μm bending radius.
A 500 MHz Random Cycle, 1.5 ns Latency, SOI Embedded DRAM Macro Featuring a Three-Transistor Micro Sense Amplifier (2008)

As microprocessors enter the highly multi-core/multi-threaded era, higher density, lower latency embedded memory will be required to meet cache design needs. This paper describes a 500 MHz random cycle silicon on insulator (SOI) embedded DRAM macro which features a three-transistor micro sense amplifier, realizing significant performance gains over traditional array design methods. To address the realities of process integration, we describe the features and issues associated with integrating this DRAM into SOI technology, including deep trench processing and floating body effects. After a brief description of the macro architecture, details are provided on the three-transistor micro sense amplifier scheme, which is key to achieving a high transfer ratio with minimal area overhead. The paper concludes with hardware results and a summary.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Poly(L‐Lactide) by Native and Recombinant Forms of the Silicatein Enzymes (2005)

Die enzymatische Polymersynthese ist wegen der vorteilhaften Eigenschaften biologischer Katalysatoren von erheblichem Interesse. Silicatein-Enzyme haben sich bei der Synthese anorganischer Materialien als sehr nützlich erwiesen, und rekombinante wie native Silicateine wurden bei der Erzeugung von Poly(L-lactid) (PLA) eingesetzt. Das Bild zeigt native Silicatein-Fasern, die mit PLA überzogen sind (Balkenlänge 4 μm). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z502738_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nonflammable perfluoropolyether-based electrolytes for lithium batteries (2020)

This research article describes a unique class of nonflammable electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries that are based on functionalized perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs). It demonstrates that PFPEs may be used as a major component in operating batteries. These electrolytes not only are completely nonflammable, but they also exhibit unprecedented high transference numbers and low electrochemical polarization, indicative of longer battery life. The results in this work may represent a significant step toward a lithium-ion battery with improved safety and pave the way for the development of new electrolytes that can address the persisting challenges of current battery technologies.
690 Ustekinumab Maintained Clinically Meaningful Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease: Results From the IM-UNITI Long-Term Extension (2019)

INTRODUCTION: The IM-UNITI study evaluated the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous (SC) ustekinumab (UST) maintenance therapy in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD) who completed induction treatment with UST. Previously, we reported the effects of UST on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) through Wk44. Here, we evaluated HRQoL through Wk140 in patients who entered the long-term extension of the IM-UNITI study. METHODS: Patients who completed the safety and efficacy evaluation at Wk 44 of the maintenance study were eligible to continue their regimen in the extension study (placebo [PBO], UST 90 mg q12w, or UST 90 mg q8w). All patients who were treated in the extension study were included in this analysis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) and SF-36 data according to the treatment they received during the extension study. The IBDQ is a 32-item questionnaire with 4 dimensions: bowel symptoms, systemic symptoms, emotional function, and social function. The total score ranges from 32 to 224, higher scores indicate better quality of life, and a change ≥16 points was defined as clinically meaningful. For SF-36, a change ≥5 points was defined as clinically meaningful. RESULTS: For patients who entered the extension, mean total IBDQ scores and SF-36 scores at maintenance baseline were comparable across treatment groups (Table 1). Patients who received UST maintained the improvement in IBDQ and SF-36 that was achieved by maintenance baseline through Wk140, and those who received PBO generally worsened. Through Wk 140, 26.5% of patients receiving PBO, 61.5% of patients receiving UST 90 mg q12w, and 59.3% of patients receiving UST 90 mg q8w had ≥16-point improvements from induction baseline in IBDQ score. In addition, 10.9%, 51.6%, and 54.2%, respectively, had ≥5-point improvements in SF-36 physical component summary scores, and 8.7%, 43.8%, and 43.7%, respectively, had ≥5-point improvements in SF-36 mental component summary scores during the same period. CONCLUSION: In patients who entered the long-term extension of the IM-UNITI study, those who received SC UST maintenance generally maintained improvements in IBDQ and SF-36 scores that were achieved through IV induction, and those who received PBO gradually lost these improvements.
Samioside, a New Phenylethanoid Glycoside with Free-Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities from Phlomis samia (2001)

A new phenylethanoid glycoside, samioside, was isolated from the aerial parts of Phlomis samia and identified as 1-O-3,4-(dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-4-O-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1). In addition, one known phenylethanoid glycoside and three known flavonoids were identified as acteoside (2), apigenin, chrysoeriol, and ermanin, respectively. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of its spectroscopic data. Samioside (1) demonstrated scavenging properties toward the DPPH radical and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.
Word reading threshold and mild cognitive impairment: a validation study (2012)

We conclude that the WRT is insufficient alone as a diagnostic tool for prodromal AD.
DEVELOPMENT OF PARKING SPACE DETECTION USING AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR (2006)

A parking space detection algorithm using an ultrasonic sensor has been developed. This enables automatic detection of the target parking position for a reverse parking assist system. This paper reports the background of development, the outline of the system, vehicle shape detection using an ultrasonic sensor, vehicle front shape detection, vehicle side shape detection, the actual vehicle operation status and includes a summary.For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.
Detection of Zooplankton Prey in Squid Paralarvae with Immunoassay (1999)

Sustainable management of economically important squid requires monitoring of changes in their abundance, which are related inter alia, to their success in the food chain. The highest mortality is expected in the paralarval stages, which are prone to starvation. Causes of starvation may be linked to the lack of suitable prey. A multiple detection system was developed for the simultaneous identification of five putative zooplankton prey in the guts of paralarval Chokka squid, Loligo vulgaris reynaudii, by employing polyclonal rabbit antisera in conjunction with solid phase immunoassays. Specificities of antisera were validated by ELISA screening against different zooplankton taxa. Cross-reactions observed with ELISA were minimized through manipulation of antibody and antigen concentrations resulting in more specific detection of target prey antigens when used in an immunodot assay. Application of this optimised immunoassay detected multiple predation in paralarval squid samples collected from diverse areas in the Agulhas Bank ecosystem on the south coast of South Africa.
Complete Genome Sequence and Comparative Genomics ofShigella flexneriSerotype 2a Strain 2457T (2003)

We determined the complete genome sequence of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain 2457T (4,599,354 bp). Shigella species cause >1 million deaths per year from dysentery and diarrhea and have a lifestyle that is markedly different from those of closely related bacteria, including Escherichia coli. The genome exhibits the backbone and island mosaic structure of E. coli pathogens, albeit with much less horizontally transferred DNA and lacking 357 genes present in E. coli. The strain is distinctive in its large complement of insertion sequences, with several genomic rearrangements mediated by insertion sequences, 12 cryptic prophages, 372 pseudogenes, and 195 S. flexneri-specific genes. The 2457T genome was also compared with that of a recently sequenced S. flexneri 2a strain, 301. Our data are consistent with Shigella being phylogenetically indistinguishable from E. coli. The S. flexneri-specific regions contain many genes that could encode proteins with roles in virulence. Analysis of these will reveal the genetic basis for aspects of this pathogenic organism's distinctive lifestyle that have yet to be explained.
Commentary: The Year in Nuclear Receptor Control of Metabolism (2010)

This commentary highlights some of the most important discoveries in the field of nuclear receptor control of metabolism that occurred over the past year (2009 to 2010). As might be expected in a field that encompasses several hundred active laboratories, the task of providing a balanced look at these discoveries was daunting. Thus, to help make the selection of these discoveries, a small panel of colleagues was recruited to help. After selecting the top candidate discoveries from a Google search and a PubMed search, the panel was asked to rank them. These final selections were presented at "The Year In Basic Science Session" of the Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, ENDO 2010, the highlights of which are reproduced in this article.
In vivo aggregation of a single enzyme limits growth of Escherichia coli at elevated temperatures (2002)

The formation of protein aggregates is associated with unfolding and denaturation of proteins. Recent studies have indicated that, in Escherichia coli, cellular proteins tend to aggregate when the bacteria are exposed to thermal stress. Here, we show that the aggregation of one single E. coli cytoplasmic protein limits growth at elevated temperatures in minimal media. Homoserine trans-succinylase (HTS), the first enzyme in the methionine biosynthetic pathway, aggregates at temperatures higher than 44 degrees C in vitro. Above this temperature, we can also observe in vivo aggregation that results in the complete disappearance of the enzyme from the soluble fraction. Moreover, reducing the in vivo level of HTS aggregation enables growth at non-permissive temperatures. This is the first demonstration of the physiological role of aggregation of a specific protein in the growth of wild-type bacteria.
Structures of Reactive Nitrenium Ions:  Time-Resolved Infrared Laser Flash Photolysis and Computational Studies of Substituted N-Methyl-N-arylnitrenium Ions (2000)

A series of para-substituted N-methyl-N-phenylnitrenium ions (N-(4-biphenylyl)-N-methylnitrenium ion, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methylnitrenium ion, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylnitrenium ion, and N-(4-methylphenyl)-N-methylnitrenium ion) were generated through photolysis of the appropriately substituted 1-aminopyridinium salt. Laser flash photolysis using UV−vis detection as well as photoproduct analysis verified that the expected nitrenium ions were formed cleanly and rapidly following photolysis. Laser flash photolysis with time-resolved infrared detection allowed for structural characterization of the nitrenium ions through observation of a symmetrical aromatic CC stretch in the region 1580−1628 cm-1. The specific frequencies reflect the degree of quinoidal character present in each phenylnitrenium ion (i.e., the degree to which the nitrenium ion resembles a 4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dienyl cation). The 4-methoxy derivative shows the highest frequency CC stretch, indicating that this strongly π-electron-donating substituent imparts more quinoidal character, and the 4-chloro derivative shows the lowest frequency CC stretch, suggesting that it possesses the least quinoidal character. Quantum calculations using density functional theory (BPW91/cc-pVDZ) were carried out on the same nitrenium ions. The theoretically derived IR frequencies showed excellent quantitative agreement with the experiment. The computed structures show significant bond length alternation in the phenyl rings, shortened C−N bond lengths, and substantial positive charge delocalization into the phenyl rings. All of these effects are more pronounced with increasing π-donating character of the ring substituent. Arylnitrenium ions are well described as 4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dienyl cations.
Rapamycin drives selection against a pathogenic heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutation (2013)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause a variety of mitochondrial disorders for which effective treatments are lacking. Emerging data indicate that selective mitochondrial degradation through autophagy (mitophagy) plays a critical role in mitochondrial quality control. Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase activity can activate mitophagy. To test the hypothesis that enhancing mitophagy would drive selection against dysfunctional mitochondria harboring higher levels of mutations, thereby decreasing mutation levels over time, we examined the impact of rapamycin on mutation levels in a human cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell line expressing a heteroplasmic mtDNA G11778A mutation, the most common cause of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Inhibition of mTORC1/S6 kinase signaling by rapamycin induced colocalization of mitochondria with autophagosomes, and resulted in a striking progressive decrease in levels of the G11778A mutation and partial restoration of ATP levels. Rapamycin-induced upregulation of mitophagy was confirmed by electron microscopic evidence of increased autophagic vacuoles containing mitochondria-like organelles. The decreased mutational burden was not due to rapamycin-induced cell death or mtDNA depletion, as there was no significant difference in cytotoxicity/apoptosis or mtDNA copy number between rapamycin and vehicle-treated cells. These data demonstrate the potential for pharmacological inhibition of mTOR kinase activity to activate mitophagy as a strategy to drive selection against a heteroplasmic mtDNA G11778A mutation and raise the exciting possibility that rapamycin may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders associated with heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations, although further studies are needed to determine if a similar strategy will be effective for other mutations and other cell types.
Discovery of natural agents potentially effective in preventing post-menopausal osteoporosis based on Greek flora (2014)

Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity in the elderly, women in particular. Treatment regiments include hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs, raloxifene). It is also known, that exogenous estrogen increases breast and uterine cancer risk and that raloxifene is less effective in preventing osteoporosis compared to HRT. Plant derived supplements are used by numerous women to prevent postmenopausal diseases including osteoporosis. Although Greece is one of the richest floral diversity regions, housing nearly 6,300 species of which 950 are found only in Greece, there are scarcely any reports connecting Greek flora herbs with prevention of osteoporosis. The aim of our study was to identify and characterize plant derived extracts and isolated compounds that display structural and/or functional similarity to estrogen and are potentially capable of safely preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Based on traditional medicine sources and our previous research experience on natural products with estrogenic properties [1, 2], 25 plant species were selected and 55 extracts were prepared using conventional (maceration) and modern-green techniques (accelerated solvent extraction, microwave assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction). Phytochemical profiling and preliminary biological screening revealed Glycyrrhiza glabra, Genista hassertiana and Lathyrus clymenum extracts as capable of inducing MC3T3-E1 differentiation to osteoblasts. Since this differentiation is promoted by antioxidants as well as estrogens, the estrogenic and antioxidant neuroprotective activities of the extracts were determined [3]. Biological evaluation of isolated compounds using cell-based assays revealed flavonoids (flavanons, flavanols, flavonols, etc.) and ionones as the most bioactive constituents. The correlation of pro-differentiation, estrogenic and antioxidant properties of selected compounds will be discussed.
Hematopoietic growth factors in transfusion medicine : proceedings of the XXth Annual Scientific Symposium of the American Red Cross, held in Bethesda, Maryland, May 10-11, 1989 (1990)

Biology of Haematopoiesis and Synergy Amongst Haematopoietic Growth Factors Erythropoietin: Molecular and Cellular Biology Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM- CSF) Macrophage Growth and Stimulating Factor, M-CSF Interleukin-7: A New Haematopoietic Growth Factor Cytokine Control of Human Megakaryocytopoiesis Erythropoietin Therapy in Autologous Blood Donors Erythropoietin Therapy in AIDS The Use of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation Cellular Interaction Regulating the Production of Colony-Stimulating Factors Effects of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor as Treatment for Aplastic Anemia and Agranulocytosis Effects of Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in AIDS.