gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 083: Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects of BBS1 Ablation From the POMC-containing Neurons (2015)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive disorder associated with several features including obesity and hypertension. Deletion of Bbs genes globally, in the nervous system or in the leptin receptor-expressing cells recapitulated many of the BBS phenotypes including obesity and hypertension. Here, we assessed the effect of ablating the Bbs1 gene from the neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons. Breeding Bbs1 flox mice with POMC Cre mice created mice deficient in Bbs1 gene only in the POMC-positive neurons (visualized by tdTomato expression). Importantly, POMC Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice display an obesity phenotype as indicated by the increased (P&lt;0.05) body weight (48.6±1.7 vs 34.9±0.8 g in controls) and fat pads (3.3±0.3 vs. 0.7±1.1 g for inguinal fat, 2.1±0.2 vs. 0.4±0.05 g for perirenal fat, 3.3±0.3 vs. 0.8±0.3 g for reproduction fat and 0.4±0.02 vs. 0.2±0.02 g for brow fat) associated with increased (P&lt;0.05) food intake (3.79.±0.14 vs. 2.97±0.15 g in controls) in 25 weeks old mice. POMC Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice displayed decreased (P&lt;0.05) O 2 consumption (2.6±0.03 vs. 3±0.04 mL O 2 /100g/min in controls) and heat production (8.0±0.09 vs. 9.2±0.13 kcal/kg/hr in controls). These results indicate that hyperphagia and decreased energy expenditure contribute to the development of obesity in POMC Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice. Next, we assessed the consequence on arterial pressure (AP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) of ablating the Bbs1 gene from POMC neurons. Interestingly, deletion of the Bbs1 gene in POMC neurons did not recapitulate the hypertension phenotype of BBS as indicated by the slight, but not significant increase in mean AP (116±4.7 vs 109±6.1 mmHg in controls). However, conscious renal SNA was significantly higher in POMC Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice relative to controls (132.4±11 vs 74.3±4.2 spikes/sec, P&lt;0.05). Finally, the depressor effect of ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium) was exaggerated in POMC Cre /Bbs1 fl/fl mice (-68.6±4.4 vs -45.2±9.4 mmHg in control, P=0.017). These findings demonstrate that Bbs1 gene in the POMC neurons is critical for energy homeostasis, but not for arterial pressure regulation.
Relaxin Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Airway Structure and Function (2007)

Relaxin is a reproductive hormone with pleiotropic actions. In addition to airway fibrosis, relaxin deficiency results in airway structural changes (epithelial thickening) and increased lung recoil, suggesting that relaxin may impact other aspects of airway/lung structure and function beyond its ability to regulate collagen turnover. Furthermore, these structural changes associated with relaxin deficiency show marked similarity to the structural changes seen in asthma. The current study investigated the broader role of relaxin in regulating airway structure and function and examined the relationship between airway inflammation, structural changes, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced model of allergic airways disease (AAD). The model of AAD was applied to 12-month-old relaxin-deficient (Rln(-/-)) mice with established airway fibrosis and age-matched wild-type (Rln(+/+)) controls. OVA-treated Rln(+/+) mice (induced inflammation) developed increased epithelial thickening (P < 0.05) and AHR (P < 0.05) but not airway fibrosis, compared with saline-treated Rln(+/+) controls. Saline-treated Rln(-/-) mice had significantly increased lung collagen deposition (existing fibrosis) and epithelial thickening and remarkably were found to have increased AHR that was equivalent to that in OVA-treated Rln(+/+) mice (all P < 0.05 vs. saline-treated Rln(+/+) controls). OVA-treated Rln(-/-) mice (existing fibrosis and induced inflammation) had increased airway/lung fibrosis (P < 0.05) but equivalent airway inflammation and AHR compared with OVA-treated Rln(+/+) animals. These findings demonstrate for the first time a role for relaxin in the regulation of airway responses using Rln(-/-) mice and suggest that airway fibrosis and/or epithelial thickening can result in increased AHR equivalent to that induced by airway inflammation in AAD.
Synthesis and characterization of a narrow‐bandgap polymer containing alternating cyclopentadithiophene and diketo‐pyrrolo‐pyrrole units for solar cell applications (2010)

Abstract We have synthesized a narrow‐bandgap conjugated polymer ( PCTDPP ) containing alternating cyclopentadithiophene (CT) and diketo‐pyrrolo‐pyrrole (DPP) units by Suzuki coupling. This PCTDPP exhibits a low band gap of 1.31 eV and a broad absorption band from 350 to 1000 nm, which allows it to absorb more available photons from sunlight. A bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell incorporating PCTDPP and C 70 at a blend ratio of 1:3 exhibited a high short‐circuit current of 10.87 mA/cm 2 and a power conversion efficiency of 2.27%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 1669–1675, 2010
Traffic management of a satellite communication network using mean field annealing (1994)

The performance of non-hierarchical circuit switched networks at moderate load conditions is improved when alternate routes are made available. However, alternate routes introduce instability under heavy and overloaded conditions, and under these load conditions network performance is found to deteriorate. To alleviate this problem, a control mechanism that reserves a traction of the capacity of each link for direct routed calls is used. In this paper, a traffic management scheme is developed to enhance the performance of a mesh-connected, circuit-switched satellite communication network. The network load is measured and the network is continually adapted by reconfiguring the map to suit the current traffic conditions. The reconfiguration of the network is done by properly allocating the capacity of each link and placing an optimal reservation on each link. The optimization is done by using a neural network-based optimization technique called mean field annealing. The simulation results show that this method of traffic management performs better than pure dynamic routing with a fixed configuration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mode of Transmission Affects the Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to Restriction by Rhesus TRIM5α (2008)

Rhesus TRIM5alpha (rhTRIM5alpha), but not human TRIM5alpha (huTRIM5alpha), potently inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and is thus a potentially valuable therapeutic tool. Primary human CD4 T cells engineered to express rhTRIM5alpha were highly resistant to cell-free HIV type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, when cocultured with unmodified T cells, rhTRIM5alpha-expressing cells became highly permissive to HIV-1 infection. Physical separation of rhTRIM5alpha-expressing cells and unmodified cells revealed that rhTRIM5alpha efficiently restricts cell-free but not cell-associated HIV transmission. Furthermore, we observed that HIV-infected human cells could infect rhesus CD4 T cells by cell-to-cell contact, but the infection was self-limiting. Subsequently, we noted that a spreading infection ensued when HIV-1-infected rhTRIM5alpha-expressing human cells were cultured with huTRIM5alpha- but not rhTRIM5alpha-expressing cells. Our results suggest that cell-associated HIV transmission in humans is blocked only when both donor and recipient cells express rhTRIM5alpha. These studies further define the role of rhTRIM5alpha in cell-free and cell-associated HIV transmission and delineate the utility of rhTRIM5alpha in anti-HIV therapy.
cis–trans Isomerization of the Azobenzenes Included as Guests in Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Amphiphilic β-Cyclodextrin (1988)

Abstract Azobenzenes in the host–guest Langmuir–Blodgett films prepared with amphiphilic β-cyclodextrin and azobenzene derivatives showed a photochromic behavior with complete reversibility owing to the free volume of cyclodextrin cavity, whereas the trans-to-cis isomerization was restricted in the case of the pure LB film prepared with long-chain azobenzene derivative alone. Thermal cis-to-trans isomerizations in the LB films were also studied.
Shear-Wave Particle-Velocity Estimation and Enhancement Using a Multi-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (2023)

The proposed MRCNN outperforms the standard autocorrelation method, in particular in low SNR regimes.
Nanoscale displacement measurement of microdevices via interpolation-based edge tracking of optical images (2013)

We apply an interpolation-based edge-tracking algorithm to measure nanoscale displacements of microdevices, and further enhance its ability to reject noisy signals using averaging of multiple image frames. We present a simulation of a moving edge, and use this simulation to explore the performance of the algorithm as related to the image acquisition and process parameters. Then, we present the application of this technique to two experiments. First, we demonstrate optical measurement of the motion of a compliant mechanism, and smoothly detect lateral step motion change as small as 30.8 nm s−1. Second, we measure the anisotropic nanoscale expansion of a liquid crystal network micropillar, which occurs slowly over several minutes. This efficient algorithm can smoothly track motions as small as a few per cent of a pixel, which is equivalent to tens of nanometers using images from a video camera attached to a conventional optical microscope. Therefore, this technique can be widely applied to characterization of nanoscale motions using conventional optics, without requiring special features on the device to enable imaging.
Monitoring and data quality assessment of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter (2014)

The liquid argon calorimeter is a key component of the ATLAS detector installed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The primary purpose of this calorimeter is the measurement of electron and photon kinematic properties. It also provides a crucial input for measuring jets and missing transverse momentum. An advanced data monitoring procedure was designed to quickly identify issues that would affect detector performance and ensure that only the best quality data are used for physics analysis. This article presents the validation procedure developed during the 2011 and 2012 LHC data-taking periods, in which more than 98% of the proton-proton luminosity recorded by ATLAS at a centre-of-mass energy of 7-8 TeV had calorimeter data quality suitable for physics analysis.
Exact Results for Two- and Three-Dimensional Ising and Potts Models (1984)

also mentioned the possible identification of the transition as a Lifshitz point.
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Evidence-Based Guideline on Management of Hip Fractures in the Elderly (2015)

Brox, W. Timothy MD; Roberts, Karl C. MD; Taksali, Sudeep MD; Wright, Douglas G. MD; Wixted, John J. MD; Tubb, Creighton C. MD; Patt, Joshua C. MD; Templeton, Kimberly J. MD; Dickman, Eitan MD; Adler, Robert A. MD; Macaulay, William B. MD; Jackman, James M. DO; Annaswamy, Thiru MD; Adelman, Alan M. MD, MS; Hawthorne, Catherine G. MD; Olson, Steven A. MD; Mendelson, Daniel Ari MD; LeBoff, Meryl S. MD; Camacho, Pauline A. MD, MACE; Jevsevar, David MD, MBA; Shea, Kevin G. MD; Bozic, Kevin J. MD, MBA; Shaffer, William MD; Cummins, Deborah PhD; Murray, Jayson N. MA; Donnelly, Patrick MA; Shores, Peter MPH; Woznica, Anne MLS; Martinez, Yasseline; Boone, Catherine; Gross, Leeaht MPH; Sevarino, Kaitlyn
Satisfiability-based detailed FPGA routing (1999)

In this paper we address the problem of detailed FPGA routing using Boolean formulation methods. In the context of FPGA routing where routing resources are fixed, Boolean formulation methods can prove the unroutability of a given circuit, which is a clear advantage over classical net-at-a-time approaches. Previous attempts at FPGA routing using Boolean methods were based on Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) which limited their scope to small FPGAs. In this paper we employ an efficient search-based Boolean satisfiability approach to solve the routing problem and show that such an approach extends the range of Boolean methods to larger FPGAs. Furthermore, we show the possibility that more relaxed formulations of the routing constraints, allowing higher degrees of freedom for net routing, can be easily accommodated. Preliminary experimental results suggest that our approach is quite viable for FPGAs of practical size.
Compact Modeling of Non-Linear Contact Effects in Short-Channel Coplanar and Staggered Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2021)

&lt;div&gt;We present analytical physics-based compact models for the Schottky barriers at the interfaces between the organic semiconductor and the source and drain contacts in organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated in the coplanar and the staggered device architecture, and we illustrate the effect of these Schottky barriers on the current-voltage characteristics of the TFTs. The model for the source barrier explicitly takes into account the field-dependent barrier lowering due to image charges. Potential solutions have been derived by applying the Schwarz-Christoffel transformation, leading to expressions for the electric field at the source barrier and for the contact resistance at the source contact. With regard to the drain barrier, a generic compact-modeling scheme based on the current-voltage characteristics of a barrier-less TFT is introduced that can be applied to any compact dc model. Finally, both models are incorporated into an existing charge-based compact dc model and verified against the results of measurements performed on coplanar and staggered organic TFTs with channel lengths ranging from 0.5 μm to 10.5 μm.&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation of optimization methods for intensity-based 2D-3D registration in x-ray guided interventions (2011)

The advantage of 2D-3D image registration methods versus direct image-to-patient registration, is that these methods generally do not require user interaction (such as manual annotations), additional machinery or additional acquisition of 3D data. A variety of intensity-based similarity measures has been proposed and evaluated for different applications. These studies showed that the registration accuracy and capture range are influenced by the choice of similarity measure. However, the influence of the optimization method on intensity-based 2D-3D image registration has not been investigated. We have compared the registration performance of seven optimization methods in combination with three similarity measures: gradient difference, gradient correlation, and pattern intensity. Optimization methods included in this study were: regular step gradient descent, Nelder-Mead, Powell-Brent, Quasi-Newton, nonlinear conjugate gradient, simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation, and evolution strategy. Registration experiments were performed on multiple patient data sets that were obtained during cerebral interventions. Various component combinations were evaluated on registration accuracy, capture range, and registration time. The results showed that for the same similarity measure, different registration accuracies and capture ranges were obtained when different optimization methods were used. For gradient difference, largest capture ranges were obtained with Powell-Brent and simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation. Gradient correlation and pattern intensity had the largest capture ranges in combination with Powell-Brent, Nelder-Mead, nonlinear conjugate gradient, and Quasi-Newton. Average registration time, expressed in the number of DRRs required for convergence, was the lowest for Powell-Brent. Based on these results, we conclude that Powell-Brent is a reliable optimization method for intensity-based 2D-3D registration of x-ray images to CBCT, regardless of the similarity measure used.
Photonic crystal fiber technology for high-performance all-fiber monolithic ultrafast fiber amplifiers (2018)

Photonic crystal fiber (PCF) technology for ultrafast fiber amplifiers traditionally uses air holes as key elements for large mode area (LMA) fiber designs. These air holes are crucial for the performance of high-end LMA PCFs, but makes splicing and interfacing more complex. To reduce this complexity in mid-range amplifiers, we present single-mode polarization-maintaining Yb-doped LMA PCFs without air holes for easier splicing into monolithic all-fiber amplifier designs. A 30 &mu;m core all-solid spliceable PCF is presented, and amplification of 1064 nm light above 50 W with an optical to optical efficiency of 80 % is demonstrated. Furthermore, to demonstrate the excellent reliability of PCF based monolithic amplifiers, we demonstrate ultra-longterm performance data of &gt; 35 khrs on a 14 &mu;m core step-index type PCF amplifier with low long-term power degradation slope of &lt; 1.5 % / 10,000 h.
An ATP-sensitive phosphoketolase regulates carbon fixation in cyanobacteria (2023)

Regulation of CO<sub>2</sub> fixation in cyanobacteria is important both for the organism and global carbon balance. Here we show that phosphoketolase in Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 (SeXPK) possesses a distinct ATP-sensing mechanism, where a drop in ATP level allows SeXPK to divert precursors of the RuBisCO substrate away from the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Deleting the SeXPK gene increased CO<sub>2</sub> fixation particularly during light-dark transitions. In high-density cultures, the Δxpk strain showed a 60% increase in carbon fixation and unexpectedly resulted in sucrose secretion without any pathway engineering. Using cryo-EM analysis, we discovered that these functions were enabled by a unique allosteric regulatory site involving two subunits jointly binding two ATP, which constantly suppresses the activity of SeXPK until the ATP level drops. This magnesium-independent ATP allosteric site is present in many species across all three domains of life, where it may also play important regulatory functions.
ATSC 3.0 시스템을 위한 부트스트랩 신호를 이용한 동기 방식 연구 (2016)

ATSC 3.0 시스템에서는 각 프레임의 시작에 부트스트랩 (bootstrap) 신호가 먼저 전송된다. 본 논문에서는 부트스트랩 신호를 이용하여 ATSC 3.0 시스템의 초기 동기를 획득하는 방법을 제시한다. ATSC 3.0의 부트스트랩 신호는 시간 영역에서 반복되는 구조를 가지며 제안하는 방법은 이러한 구조를 이용하여 수신기에서 초기 동기를 획득한다. 또한, 전산 실험 결과는 제안하는 알고리즘이 매우 낮은 신호 대 잡음비 (signal-to-noise ratio)에서도 초기 동기를 획득할 수 있음을 보여준다.
Application of noise interferometry to obtain time‐lapse velocity variations during a steam stimulation cycle at Cold Lake (2009)

The potential economic benefits of passive seismic monitoring motivated us to investigate whether continuous recordings could complement conventional 4D surveys in capturing subsurface changes during production. One example of such a change is the velocity drop in the steaming zone in reservoirs subjected to CSS (Cyclic Steam Stimulation), a phenomenon that has been studied by conventional active time‐lapse analyses. In a two‐month passive seismic monitoring experiment conducted during the first steam cycle of a CSS pad at Cold Lake, we observed a decrease in velocity by combining noise interferometry and velocity tomography. Using continuously recorded ambient noise as our input, we applied noise interferometry to retrieve pseudo common‐source gathers along a receiver string in a borehole. These gathers retrieved from noise data collected before and after the injection serve as pseudo base and monitor surveys. We measured direct arrivals between receiver pairs in each pseudo survey and used a tomography algorithm to invert for the velocity profile along the receiver line. We observe an average 15% velocity drop above the reservoir interval and a 33% drop within the reservoir interval through the stimulation cycle. The same methodology was also applied to noise recorded at the surface but failed to produce meaningful information about subsurface changes.
Silicon Wafer Gettering Design for Advanced CMOS Image Sensors Using Hydrocarbon Molecular Ion Implantation: A Review (2021)

We have developed silicon epitaxial wafers with high gettering capability using hydrocarbon molecular ion implantation for advanced Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. These wafers have three unique silicon wafer characteristics for improvement of CMOS device electrical parameter such as high metallic impurity gettering, oxygen out-diffusion barrier effects from Czochralski silicon (CZ) substrate and hydrogen passivation effect for interface state defect at Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . We demonstrate that double epitaxial growth silicon wafers have an extremely high gettering capability during CMOS device fabrication process. We also found that gettering capability strongly dependence on oxygen impurity amount in hydrocarbon molecular ion implantation projection range. We believe that this novel silicon wafer can drastically contribute to the improvement of CMOS image sensor device performance such as white spot defect and dark current.
Patterns of strain and the determination of the safe arc of motion after subscapularis repair—A biomechanical study (2015)

This study characterizes the strain patterns and safe arcs for passive range of motion (ROM) in the superior and inferior subscapularis tendon in seven cadaveric shoulders, mounted for controlled ROM, after deltopectoral approach to the glenohumeral joint, including tenotomy of the subscapularis tendon 1 cm medial to its insertion on the lesser tuberosity. The tenotomy was repaired with end-to-end suture in neutral rotation. Strain patterns were measured during passive ROM in external rotation (ER), ER with 30° abduction (ER+30), abduction, and forward flexion in the scapular plane (SP) before and after surgery. Percentages were calculated from 35 trials corresponding to five trials of each motion across seven specimens. With ER of 0-30°, 89% of trials of superior subscapularis tendon and 100% of trials of inferior subscapularis tendon achieved strains >3%, with very similar patterns noted in ER+30. In abduction of 0-90°, 5.8% of trials of superior and 85.3% of trials of inferior tendon achieved >3% strain. With passive ROM in SP, 26.5% of trials reached 3% strain in superior tendon compared to 100% in inferior tendon. Strain patterns in abduction and SP differed significantly (p < 0.001). Selective tenotomy and repair of the superior subscapularis tendon with open reparative or reconstructive shoulder procedures, when feasible, may be favorable for protected early passive ROM and rehabilitation postoperatively.
Visualizing meetings as a graph for more accessible meeting artifacts (2011)

This paper focuses on capturing, correlating and visualizing the execution of meetings from the recorded data using a business process management approach. Relevant artifacts that are utilized or generated during a meeting as well as meeting activities are mapped onto a generic meeting data model. The execution of a meeting is then captured as a graph where generated meeting artifacts, participants and meeting tasks are connected. The graph enables faster and structured access to meeting data and gives better insight to the users about the meeting through visualization capability.