gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degeneration of vestibular neurons in late embryogenesis of both heterozygous and homozygous BDNF null mutant mice (1996)

The generation of mice lacking specific neurotrophins permits evaluation of the trophic requirements of particular neuronal populations throughout development. In the present study, we examined the developing vestibulocochlear system to determine the time course of neurotrophin dependence and to determine whether competition occurred among developing cochlear or vestibular neurons for available amounts of either brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). Both cochlear and vestibular neurons were present in mice lacking NT-4/5. In contrast, vestibular neurons decreased in number beginning at mid-stages of inner ear development, in mice lacking BDNF. Early in development (E12.5-13), the size of the vestibular ganglion was normal in bdnf -/- mice. Decreased innervation to vestibular sensory epithelia was detected at E13.5-15, when progressive loss of all afferent innervation to the semicircular canals and reduced innervation to the utricle and saccule were observed. At E16.5-17, there was a reduction in the number of vestibular neurons in bdnf -/- mice. A further decrease in vestibular neurons was observed at P1 and P15. Compared to bdnf -/- mice, mice heterozygous for the BDNF null mutation (bdnf +/-) showed an intermediate decrease in the number of vestibular neurons from E16.5-P15. These data indicate a late developmental requirement of vestibular neurons for BDNF and suggest competition among these neurons for limited supplies of this factor.
Copper Hydride Catalyzed Hydroamination of Alkenes and Alkynes (2015)

Over the past few years, CuH-catalyzed hydroamination has been discovered and developed as a robust and conceptually novel approach for the synthesis of enantioenriched secondary and tertiary amines. The success in this area of research was made possible through the large body of precedent in copper(I) hydride catalysis and the well-explored use of hydroxylamine esters as electrophilic amine sources in related copper-catalyzed processes. This Minireview details the background, advances, and mechanistic investigations in CuH-catalyzed hydroamination.
New insights on the role of CXCR4 in cancer metastasis (2008)

The evolutionarily conserved chemokine superfamily encodes small peptide molecules that bind G-protein-coupled receptors. In humans, this superfamily includes at least 46 ligands and 18 receptors. In general, chemokines and their receptors form a chemotactic network that regulates the migration of cells to specific micro-anatomical destinations within an organism in an organized and non-random manner. Recent studies place chemokine-chemokine receptor pairs at the centre of not only physiological cell migration, but also pathological processes such as metastasis. This mini review considers some recent data on how chemokines regulate tumour cells during metastasis. These observations suggest novel ways for pharmacological intervention.
Digital Image Speckle Correlation to Optimize Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection: A Prospective, Randomized, Crossover Trial (2019)

Therapeutic, II.
Single sub-fs XUV pulses: generation and measurement (2005)

The change from a zero transition to the maximum amplitude of the electric field of visible light lasts shorter than one femtosecond (1 fs = 10<sup>-15</sup> s). By precisely controlling the hyperfast electric field oscillations in a short laser pulse we developed a measuring apparatus - the Atomic Transient Recorder (ATR) - like an ultrafast stopwatch. This apparatus is capable of measuring the duration of atomic processes with an accuracy of less than 100 attoseconds (1 as = 10<sup>-18</sup> s) which is the typical duration of electronic processes (transients) deep inside atoms. A 250 attosecond X-ray pulse initiates the atomic process to be measured and the attosecond stopwatch at the same time. This new measuring method now allows for the first time the observation of ultrafast processes in the electron shell of atoms.
The potential of retrofitting existing coal power plants: a case study for operation with green iron (2023)

Storing electrical energy for long periods and transporting it over long distances is an essential task of the necessary transition to a CO$_2$-free energy economy. An oxidation-reduction cycle based on iron and its oxides represents a very promising technology in this regard. The present work assesses the potential of converting an existing modern coal-fired power plant to operation with iron. For this purpose, a systematic retrofit study is carried out, employing a model that balances all material and energy fluxes in a state-of-the-art coal-fired power plant. Particular attention is given to components of the burner system and the system$'$s heat exchanger. The analysis provides evidence that main components such as the steam generator and steam cycle can be reused with moderate modifications. Major modifications are related to the larger amounts of solids produced during iron combustion, for instance in the particle feeding and removal systems. Since the high particle densities and lower demand for auxiliary systems improve the heat transfer, the net efficiencies of iron operation can be one to two percentage points better than coal operation, depending on operating conditions. This new insight can significantly accelerate the introduction of this innovative technology by guiding future research and the development of the retrofit option.
Synthesis of Short Peptides with Perfluoroalkyl Side Chains and Evaluation of Their Cellular Uptake Efficiency (2023)

With an increasing demand for macromolecular biotherapeutics, the issue of their poor cell-penetrating abilities requires viable and relevant solutions. Herein, we report tripeptides bearing an amino acid with a perfluoroalkyl (R<sub>F</sub> ) group adjacent to the α-carbon. R<sub>F</sub> -containing tripeptides were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to transport a conjugated hydrophilic dye (Alexa Fluor 647) into the cells. R<sub>F</sub> -containing tripeptides with the fluorophore showed high cellular uptake efficiency and none of them were cytotoxic. Interestingly, we demonstrated that the absolute configuration of perfluoroalkylated amino acids (R<sub>F</sub> -AAs) affects not only nanoparticle formation but also the cell permeability of the tripeptides. These novel R<sub>F</sub> -containing tripeptides are potentially useful as short and noncationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE‐FUNCTION STUDIES OF MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE ANALOGS MODIFIED IN THE 2 AND 4(7) POSITIONS: COMPARISON OF ACTIVITIES ON FROG SKIN MELANOPHORES AND MELANOMA ADENYLATE CYCLASE (1981)

Abstract Dargestellt und pharmakologisch untersucht werden die Analoga (I)‐(V) von Melanotropin (MSH).
Frequency planning and synthesizer architectures for multiband OFDM UWB radios (2005)

This work presents an analysis on frequency planning and synthesis for multiband (MB) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) radios operating in the range of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The most important specifications for the frequency synthesizer in an MB-OFDM UWB transceiver are provided. A synthesizer architecture for an existing frequency plan is introduced along with a discussion on its performance and implementation. An alternative frequency plan and its corresponding synthesizer architecture are also proposed. It is shown how this modified frequency plan leads to a significant simplification in the synthesizer realization. The feasible performance of both synthesizer architectures is evaluated through macromodel simulations using realistic models for the building blocks. Finally, system-level simulation results showing the impact of synthesizer spurs on the bit error rate performance of an MB-OFDM UWB receiver in the presence of interferers are provided. The presented results and discussion provide valuable insight for the implementation of a 3.1-10.6-GHz UWB synthesizer.
Fiber optic sensors and applications in the power generation industry (2018)

This paper presents an overview of past, present, and future uses of fiber optic sensors and systems in the power generation industry. The evolution of fiber optic sensors is discussed pertaining to monitoring of power generators.
Non-Peptide Small Molecule Regulators of Lymphangiogenesis (2009)

Adrenomedullin (AM) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) are neuroendocrine peptides that have been previously implicated as regulators of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Using an immortalized human dermal microvascular lymphatic endothelial cell line stably transfected with red fluorescent protein (LEC/RFP), we demonstrate the ability of AM and GRP to augment tube formation complexity of this target cell in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum tube density was initiated at 1 nM for both peptides, and as concentrations exceeded 10 nM a decrease in tube formation was noted, hence following a classic rise/fall biological response curve. In addition, we show that appropriate small molecule mimetics to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies of AM or GRP, at 1 microM concentration, can function to either inhibit (antagonist) or enhance (super agonist) peptide-induced tube formation of LEC/RFP. Our small molecule reagents by themselves have no activity, but in the presence of their respective peptides can mediate a positive or negative response, hence the super agonist designation. These compounds represent new regulatory drugs of the lymphatic system with possible patient application in the clinical management of edema and metastatic disease.
Modeling the complexation of substituted benzenes by a cyclophane host in water. (1993)

Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations have been used to study the complexation of disubstituted benzenes by Diederich's octamethoxy tetraoxaparacyclophane host. Relative free energies of binding were obtained in water at 25 degrees C for benzene, p-xylene, p-cresol, p-dicyanobenzene, and hydroquinone from statistical perturbation theory. The computed results agree well with experimental data, including the binding affinity of benzene, which was determined after the calculations were completed. The computed structures for the complexes reveal details that are important for understanding the order of binding affinities. It is found that hydroquinone protrudes from one side of the complex and participates in hydrogen bonds between one hydroxyl group and two water molecules and in an intracomplex hydrogen bond between the other hydroxyl group and ether oxygens. The calculations also show a clear preference for binding p-cresol with the hydroxyl group hydrated rather than inside the host's cavity.
Postpartum uptake of diabetes screening tests in women with gestational diabetes: The PANDORA study (2022)

Given very high rates of type 2 diabetes among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, early postpartum screening with the most feasible test should be prioritised to detect prediabetes and diabetes for intervention.
Regio- and stereoselectivity in the ene reaction of N-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl substrates (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegio- and stereoselectivity in the ene reaction of N-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl substratesThomas R. Hoye, Kyle J. Bottorff, Andrew J. Caruso, and Joseph F. DellariaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 22, 4287–4292Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01310a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01310a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanowire Length, Density, and Crystalline Quality Retrieved from a Single Optical Spectrum (2019)

We propose spectral domain attenuated reflectometry (SDAR) for fast characterization of nanomaterial growth. The method is demonstrated here for zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) which are grown vertically in random forest fashion showing that it is not limited to well-ordered NWs. We show how SDAR can provide, on the basis of a single measured spectrum, simultaneous information on nanowire length, nanowire density (through nanowire/air filling ratio), and crystalline quality (through band gap). The robustness of the proposed method is assessed first through comparison with information obtained from SEM and XRD taken as reference. In SDAR, the process for fast extraction of NW thickness and filling ratio values makes use of the interference pattern contrast and the spectral periodicity in the reflection response which involve a best fit of the measured spectra with simple theoretical modeling based on the effective medium approach, achieved with a mean square error down to 0.1%. The results also suggest the existence of either 2 or 3 layers of different effective refractive index, hence providing insight on possible growth mechanisms.
Figures S1-S4 and Supplementary Methods from Combination Therapy with c-Met and Src Inhibitors Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis of Merlin-Deficient Schwann Cells and Suppresses Growth of Schwannoma Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;All supplementary data - four figures and supplementary methods&lt;/p&gt;
A Phase 1/11 trial of IV CG7870, a replication-selective, PSA-targeted oncolytic adenovirus (OAV), for the treatment of hormone-refractory, metastatic prostate cancer (2004)

3036 Background: CG7870 is a replication-selective OAV genetically engineered to preferentially replicate in prostate tissue.A Phase 1/2 trial of intraprostatic delivery of CG7870 for locally-recurrent prostate cancer (PCA) demonstrated that this virus was well-tolerated, with decreases in PSA noted. Methods: A Phase 1/2 study of systemically administered CG7870 was undertaken.CG7870 was administered as a single IV infusion in a dose-escalation design (1010 - 6 x 1012vp) to 23 patients with metastatic HRPC. Results: CG7870 was well-tolerated.Flu-like symptoms (fever, fatigue, rigors, nausea, and/or vomiting) were the most common AE. At doses > 1012vp all 5 patients experienced asymptomatic grade 1–2 transaminitis and/or isolated D-dimer elevations starting on d 2–8; dose-escalation was therefore halted. All tested patients had CG7870 genomes present in the serum for at least 7d after infusion; patients in the highest dose group had persistence of genomes through 28d. The concentration of CG7870 in the peripheral blood demonstrated a biphasic pattern in most patients, with rapid initial clearance followed by a delayed secondary peak (72hr post-treatment) consistent with viral replication. CG7870 was detected in the saliva of 3 patients, whereas all urine samples tested negative. All patients developed antibodies to CG7870. Dose-related increases in IL-6 and IL-10 blood levels were demonstrated. No partial or complete PSA responses were observed; however, 5 patients had a decrease in serum PSA of 25–49% following a single treatment.The median time to PSA progression was 57d and 3 patients were free-from-progression at 6 mos.Median OS has not been reached. Conclusions: The maximum dose of CG7870 given in this study was 6 x 1012vp. CG7870 was well tolerated at doses up to this level with reversible transaminitis as the only significant toxicity.There was a suggestion of anti-PCA activity following a single IV injection of CG7870 as demonstrated by PSA reduction.Future trials will explore the activity of IV CG7870 in combination with taxane chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced PCA. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Cell Genesys, Inc. Cell Genesys, Inc. Cell Genesys, Inc.
Compressibility induced by damage in carbon black reinforced natural rubber (2026)

Natural rubber is commonly considered as an incompressible material. This study shows how carbon black reinforced natural rubber (NR-CB), when subjected to various mechanical loading conditions (uniaxial, hydrostatic, monotonic, cyclic), is affected by volume change. The mechanisms of volume change seem to be related to a competition between damage evolution, chain orientation and viscoelasticity. At a microscopic scale, in-situ Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examinations and image analysis allow to record damage evolution as a function of elongation. It comes out that the volume change and damage evolution behave in a proportional manner. Based on the experimental results, we adopted a nearly-compressible approach, where the strain energy is assumed to be the sum of damageable spherical and deviatoric parts. Damage was accounted differently in spherical and deviatoric parts. Good agreement was obtained between experimental results and model predictions.
Auxin and Ethylene Regulation of Petiole Epinasty in Two Developmental Mutants of Tomato, diageotropica and Epinastic (1989)

The epinastic growth responses of petioles to auxin and ethylene were quantified in two developmental mutants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In the wild type parent line, cultivar VFN8, the epinastic response of excised petiole sections was approximately log-linear between 0.1 and 100 micromolar indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentrations, with a greater response to 2,4-D at any concentration. When ethylene synthesis was inhibited by aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), epinasty was no longer induced by auxin, but could be restored by the addition of ethylene gas. In the auxin-insensitive mutant, diageotropica (dgt), no epinastic response to IAA was observed at IAA concentrations that effectively induced epinasty in VFN8. In the absence of added IAA, epinastic growth of dgt petioles in 1.3 microliters per liter exogenous ethylene gas was more than double that of VFN8 petioles. IAA had little additional effect in dgt, but promoted epinasty in VFN8. These results confirm that tomato petiole cells respond directly to ethylene and make it unlikely that the differential growth responsible for epinasty results from lateral auxin redistribution. The second mutant, Epinastic (Epi), exhibits constitutively epinasty, cortical swelling, and root branching symptomatic of possible alternation in auxin or ethylene regulation of growth. Only minor quantitative differences were observed between the epinastic responses to auxin and ethylene of VFN8 and Epi. However, in contrast to VFN8, when ethylene synthesis or action was inhibited in Epi, auxin still induced 40 to 50% of the epinastic response observed in the absence of inhibitors. This indicates that the target cells for epinastic growth in Epi are qualitatively different from those of VFN8, having gained the ability to grow differentially in response to auxin alone. The dgt and Epi mutants provide useful systems in which to study the genetic determination of target cell specificity for hormone action.
Nativity of lignin carbohydrate bonds substantiated by biomimetic synthesis (2019)

The question of whether lignin is covalently linked to carbohydrates in native wood, forming what is referred to as lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs), still lacks unequivocal proof. This is mainly due to the need to isolate lignin from woody materials prior to analysis, under conditions leading to partial chemical modification of the native wood polymers. Thus, the correlation between the structure of the isolated LCCs and LCCs in situ remains open. As a way to circumvent the problematic isolation, biomimicking lignin polymerization in vivo and in vitro is an interesting option. Herein, we report the detection of lignin-carbohydrate bonds in the extracellular lignin formed by tissue-cultured Norway spruce cells, and in modified biomimetic lignin synthesis (dehydrogenation polymers). Semi-quantitative 2D heteronuclear singular quantum coherence (HSQC)-, 31P -, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were applied as analytical tools. Combining results from these systems, four types of lignin-carbohydrate bonds were detected; benzyl ether, benzyl ester, γ-ester, and phenyl glycoside linkages, providing direct evidence of lignin-carbohydrate bond formation in biomimicked lignin polymerization. Based on our findings, we propose a sequence for lignin-carbohydrate bond formation in plant cell walls.
The Delta-Rectifier: Analysis, Control and Operation (2006)

The three-phase Delta-Rectifier is formed by a delta-connection of single-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier modules and has the advantage that it can provide full rated output power in the case of a mains phase loss. In this paper the Delta-Rectifier, implemented with a standard (two-level and/or three-level) boost converter, is analyzed based on an equivalent star connection. Analysis of the Delta-Rectifier shows a redundancy in the switching states concerning the input voltage formation. Furthermore, the Delta-Rectifier has reduced current ripple in the mains phase currents if the modulation is implemented with synchronized PWM. A disadvantage of two-level Delta-Rectifier is the higher voltage stress on the switching devices; however this is mitigated when the boost converter is implemented with a three-level topology as realized for a 10.5-kW laboratory prototype. The Delta-Rectifier concept is proposed based on theoretical considerations and is verified experimentally. The influence of non-idealities on the current ripple formation in the practical realization is analyzed and a high quality mains phase current is demonstrated
Observation of the B[0 over s] → n[superscript ']n[superscript '] Decay (2015)

The first observation of the B[s over 0] → η[superscript ′]η[superscript ′] decay is reported. The study is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to 3.0 fb[superscript -1] of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector. The significance of the signal is 6.4 standard deviations. The branching fraction is measured to be [3.31 ± 0.64(stat) ± 0.28(syst) ± 0.12(norm)] × 10[superscript -5], where the third uncertainty comes from the B[superscript ±] → η[superscript ′]K[superscript ±] branching fraction that is used as a normalization. In addition, the charge asymmetries of B[superscript ±] → η[superscript ′]K[superscript ±] and B[superscript ±] → ϕK[superscript ±], which are control channels, are measured to be (-0.2 ± 1.3)% and (+1.7 ± 1.3)%, respectively. All results are consistent with theoretical expectations.
Control of Functions of Chitin and Chitosan by Chemical Modification. (2002)

キチン、キトサンは、天然由来の多糖であり、様々な化学的、生物学的機能を有している。これらの機能は、キチン、キトサンの有するアミノ基に強く依存すると考えられている。従って、このアミノ基を化学修飾することにより、キチン、キトサンの機能を制御できるものと期待できる。現在までに、キチン、キトサンの化学修飾に関する数多くの研究が成されており、我々も機能制御を目的とした化学修飾に関する研究を行ってきた。本稿では、我々のキチン、キトサンの研究を中心に、化学修飾と機能制御について紹介する。