gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Force density improvements from increasing the number of airgap surfaces in synchronous linear actuators (2003)

A realistic comparison of several electromagnetic architectures for high force density actuators is presented. Four equivalent architectures are chosen and computed with a two-dimensional finite-element model. For each architecture, size is optimised to maximise the force/volume ratio. This optimisation step is performed with a fixed mechanical airgap. A thermal model is then used to calculate the current density in the coils. Results show that global-coil architecture performance increases more sharply than other architectures; a scaling effect is thereby introduced for global-coil architectures. A global-coil multi-airgap actuator is presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Near‐Zero Index Photonic Crystals with Directive Bound States in the Continuum (2021)

Abstract Near‐zero‐index platforms arise as a new opportunity for light manipulation with boosting of optical nonlinearities, transmission properties in waveguides, and constant phase distribution. In addition, they represent a solution to impedance mismatch faced in photonic circuitry offering several applications in quantum photonics, communication, and sensing. However, their realization is limited to the availability of materials that could exhibit such low index. For materials used in the visible and near‐infrared wavelengths, the intrinsic losses annihilate most of near‐zero index properties. The design of all‐dielectric photonic crystals with specific electromagnetic modes overcomes the issue of intrinsic losses while showing effective mode index near zero. Nonetheless, these modes strongly radiate to the surrounding environment, greatly limiting the devices applications. Here, a novel all‐dielectric photonic crystal structure is explored that is able to sustain effective near‐zero‐index modes coupled to directive bound‐states in the continuum in order to decrease radiative losses, opening extraordinary opportunities for radiation manipulation in nanophotonic circuits. Moreover, its relatively simple design and phase stability facilitate integration and reproducibility with other photonic components.
Orienting Toleranced Polygonal Parts (2000)

Parts manufactured to tolerances have variations in shape. Most previous work in robotic manipulation assumes that parts do not have shape variations. Orienting devices such as bowl feeders often fail due to variations in part shape. We study the effects of uncertainty in part shape on orienting to develop systems that can orient toleranced polygonal parts. We present a tolerance model in which the part center of mass and vertices lie in circular uncertainty zones around their nominal positions. The variations in part shape are characterized by the tolerance model and the part’s nominal shape. We describe the nondeterminism that arises due to part shape uncertainty for a conveyor-based orienting system and show that sensor-based and sensorless orienting plans can exist for toleranced polygonal parts. We present implemented planners that generate orienting plans for the entire variational class of part shapes given a nominal part shape and tolerance bounds. These plans use both deterministic and nondeterministic actions to orient the parts, and we describe experiments to demonstrate them.
Improvement in variability of the horizontal meridian of the primary visual area following high‐resolution spatial normalization (2002)

We investigated the decrease in intersubject functional variability in the horizontal meridian (HM) of the primary visual area (V1) before and after individual anatomical variability was significantly reduced using a high-resolution spatial normalization (HRSN) method. The analyzed dataset consisted of 10 normal, right-handed volunteers who had undergone both an O-15 PET study, which localized retinotopic visual area (V1), and a high-resolution anatomical MRI. Individual occipital lobes were manually segmented from anatomical images and transformed into a common space using an in-house high-resolution regional spatial normalization method called OSN. Individual anatomical and functional variability was quantified before and after HRSN processing. The reduction of individual anatomical variability was judged by the reduction in gray matter (GM) mismatch and by the improvement in overlap frequency between individual calcarine sulci. The reduction in intersubject functional variability of HM was determined by measurements of the overlap frequency between individual HM areas and by improvement in intersubject Z-score maps. The HRSN processing significantly reduced the individual anatomical variability: GM mismatch was reduced by a factor of two and the mean calcarine sulcus overlap frequency was improved from 37 to 68%. The reduction in functional variability was more subtle. However, both HM mean overlap (increased from 18 to 28%) and the average Z-score (increased from 2.2 to 2.55) were significantly improved. Although, functional registration was significantly improved by matching sulci, there was still residual variability. This is believed to be the variability of individual areas within the calcarine sulcus, and cannot be resolved by sulcal match. Thus, the proposed methodology provides an efficient, unbiased, and automated way to study structure-functional relationship in human brain.
Expression recognition with appearance-based features of facial landmarks (2018)

The human face is the subject of many studies in the field of artificial vision because of the high amount of semantic information. The most common of the studies carried out in this area are face analysis and expression. Automatic face recognition is used in many applications such as human-computer interaction, behavior analysis and marketing. In this study, it is aimed to use appearance based features obtained from the landmarks for instant facial expression recognition. In the study, the local binary pattern (LBP) attributes obtained from the surrounding of the landmarks using active shape models are used. In order to find the most discriminating subset of the obtained attributes, the selection of the attributes has been applied for improve the recognition rate. It has been shown that the method proposed in experiments with 10-fold cross-validation with the Cohn-Kanade dataset (CK+) which is containing seven different expression classes achieves %89.71 success rate.
Programmable Materials and the Nature of the DNA Bond* (2020)

The experimental realization of DNA-based constructs that are sufficiently rigid so as to impart directionality to hybridization interactions marks a major milestone in the development of programmable materials assembly. The interest in nanoscale materials constructed by using DNA bonds has continued to grow steadily, but has seen a noteworthy explosion in relevance over the past several years. The premise of DNA origami is to fold a multithousand-base circular single-stranded DNA “scaffold,” obtained from a viral genome, by using short helper or “staple” oligonucleotides into a desired nanoscale shape. A conceptual leap in DNA origami was made in 2009 when these principles were extended from building 2D objects to those that fill 3D space. A fundamentally different approach to generating nanoscale DNA bonds is to use nanoparticles as templates for the immobilization and orientation of surface-bound oligonucleotides.
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Induces the Lys63-Linked Polyubiquitination of IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 1 To Facilitate NEMO Binding and the Activation of IκBα Kinase (2008)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) has been reported to stimulate the polyubiquitination and disappearance of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) within minutes. It has been thought that the polyubiquitin chains attached to IRAK1 are linked via Lys48 of ubiquitin, leading to its destruction by the proteasome and explaining the rapid IL-1-induced disappearance of IRAK1. In this paper, we demonstrate that IL-1 stimulates the formation of K63-pUb-IRAK1 and not K48-pUb-IRAK1 and that the IL-1-induced disappearance of IRAK1 is not blocked by inhibition of the proteasome. We also show that IL-1 triggers the interaction of K63-pUb-IRAK1 with NEMO, a regulatory subunit of the IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK) complex, but not with the NEMO[D311N] mutant that cannot bind K63-pUb chains. Moreover, unlike wild-type NEMO, the NEMO[D311N] mutant was unable to restore IL-1-stimulated NF-kappaB-dependent gene transcription to NEMO-deficient cells. Our data suggest a model in which the recruitment of the NEMO-IKK complex to K63-pUb-IRAK1 and the recruitment of the TAK1 complex to TRAF6 facilitate the TAK1-catalyzed activation of IKK by the TRAF6-IRAK1 complex.
Supplementary Movie 2 from Involvement of the <i>RASSF1A</i> Tumor Suppressor Gene in Controlling Cell Migration (2023)

Supplementary Movie 2 from Involvement of the &lt;i&gt;RASSF1A&lt;/i&gt; Tumor Suppressor Gene in Controlling Cell Migration
The anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties of puerarin attenuate 3-nitropropionic-acid induced neurotoxicity in rats (2014)

Puerarin (Pur), an isoflavonoid extracted from the dried roots of Pueraria lobata, has been reported to be useful in the treatment of various diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities of Pur against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced neurotoxicity. For 5 consecutive days, male Wistar rats were given Pur (200 mg/kg body mass) 30 min before treatment with 20 mg/kg body mass of 3-NP. The striata, hippocampi, and cortices of the 3-NP treated group showed apoptotic damage, inflammation, and energy deficit as well as histopathological lesions. The 3-NP-induced alteration in apoptotic biomarkers (caspase-3 activity/level, cytosolic cytochrome c, Bax/Bcl-2 levels) were significantly ameliorated by Pur treatment. Moreover, Pur pretreatment blocked 3-NP-induced inflammatory biomarkers (NF-κB, TNF-α, and iNOS) and prevented the energy deficit (ATP reduction). Nissl staining further confirmed Pur's neuroprotective effect. These results indicate that Pur may be a useful preventive approach to various neurodegenerative diseases with underlying apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
Response to Comment on Elliott et al. Prevalence and Prognosis of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction in Asymptomatic Patients With Diabetes: A Two-Center Study With Up to 5 Years of Follow-up. Diabetes Care 2019;42:1290–1296 (2019)

We greatly appreciate the comments by Milei et al. (1) about our investigation of the prevalence and prognostic significance of unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) on delayed-enhancement MRI imaging (2). The combination of silent presentation and adverse prognosis associated with unrecognized MI in patients with diabetes presents both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It has been suggested that the high cardiac risk associated with diabetes may, in part, be attributed to the fact that coronary artery disease in this patient population is notoriously …
PEM Fuel Cell System Solutions for Transportation (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;PEM Fuel Cell technology has been advancing rapidly during the last several years as evidenced by various vehicle demonstrations by the major automotive companies. As the development continues to bring hardware to automotive system level solutions, many engineering challenges arise. This paper will deal with two (2) of these areas from an automotive system level perspective: Thermal Management and the Fuel Cell Stack. Both of these sub-system areas are critical to the success of the technology in meeting the requirements of tomorrow's automotive customer.&lt;/div&gt;
A nonlinear acoustic technique for crack detection in metallic structures (2008)

A crack detection technique based on nonlinear acoustics is developed in this study. Acoustic waves at a chosen frequency are generated using an actuating lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer, and they travel through the target structure before being received by a sensing PZT wafer. Unlike an undamaged medium, a cracked medium exhibits high acoustic nonlinearity which is manifested as harmonics in the power spectrum of the received signal. Experimental results also indicate that the harmonic components increase non-linearly in magnitude with increasing amplitude of the input signal. The proposed technique identifies the presence of cracks by looking at the two aforementioned features: harmonics and their nonlinear relationship to the input amplitude. The effectiveness of the technique has been tested on aluminum and steel specimens. The behavior of these nonlinear features as crack propagates in the steel beam has also been studied.
Effects of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha onTrypanosoma cruziTrypomastigotes (1998)

We have previously shown that the addition of exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to nonactivated mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) limits Trypanosoma cruzi infections in vitro (E. Olivares Fontt and B. Vray, Parasite Immunol. 17:135-141, 1995). Lower levels of infection were correlated with a higher level of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the absence of nitric oxide (NO) release. These data suggested that GM-CSF and/or TNF-alpha might have a direct parasitocidal effect on T. cruzi trypomastigotes, independently of NO release. To address this question, T. cruzi trypomastigotes were treated with recombinant murine GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF), recombinant murine TNF-alpha (rmTNF-alpha), or both cytokines in a cell-free system. Treatment with rmGM-CSF but not rmTNF-alpha caused morphological changes in the parasites, and most became spherical after 7 h of incubation. Both cytokines exerted a cytolytic activity on the trypomastigotes, yet the trypanolytic activity of rmTNF-alpha was more effective than that of rmGM-CSF. Viable rmGM-CSF- and rmTNF-alpha-treated parasites were less able to infect MPM than untreated parasites, and this reduction in infectivity was greatest for rmGM-CSF. Treatments with both cytokines resulted in more lysis and almost complete inhibition of infection. The direct parasitocidal activity of rmTNF-alpha was inhibited by carbohydrates and monoclonal antibodies specific for the lectin-like domain of TNF-alpha. Collectively, these results suggest that cytokines such as GM-CSF and TNF-alpha may directly control the level of T. cruzi trypomastigotes at least in vitro and so could determine the outcome of infection in vivo.
Transient Behavior of the Metal Interface in Lithium Metal–Garnet Batteries (2017)

Abstract The interface between solid electrolytes and Li metal is a primary issue for solid‐state batteries. Introducing a metal interlayer to conformally coat solid electrolytes can improve the interface wettability of Li metal and reduce the interfacial resistance, but the mechanism of the metal interlayer is unknown. In this work, we used magnesium (Mg) as a model to investigate the effect of a metal coating on the interfacial resistance of a solid electrolyte and Li metal anode. The Li–Mg alloy has low overpotential, leading to a lower interfacial resistance. Our motivation is to understand how the metal interlayer behaves at the interface to promote increased Li‐metal wettability of the solid electrolyte surface and reduce interfacial resistance. Surprisingly, we found that the metal coating dissolved in the molten piece of Li and diffused into the bulk Li metal, leading to a small and stable interfacial resistance between the garnet solid electrolyte and the Li metal. We also found that the interfacial resistance did not change with increase in the thickness of the metal coating (5, 10, and 100 nm), due to the transient behavior of the metal interface layer.
SPACE-TIME CODING IN A MULTIUSER ENVIRONMENT (2003)

This short chapter is aimed at highlighting some issues related to the use of space-time coding in a multiuser environment. We will see that in general, the use of a space-time code changes the statistical properties of the transmitted signal compared with conventional transmission. We will also describe some simple techniques for multiuser interference suppression in a system that uses orthogonal STBC.
Inducing and Using Alignments for Transition-based AMR Parsing (2022)

Andrew Drozdov, Jiawei Zhou, Radu Florian, Andrew McCallum, Tahira Naseem, Yoon Kim, Ramón Astudillo. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2022.
Dissociation and redistribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase from its surface membrane actin cytoskeletal complex during cellular ATP depletion. (1991)

Establishment and maintenance of a polar distribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase is essential for efficient Na+ reabsorption by proximal tubule cells and is dependent upon the formation of a metabolically stable, detergent-insoluble complex of Na+,K(+)-ATPase with the actin membrane cytoskeleton. The present studies show that cellular ATP depletion results in a rapid duration-dependent dissociation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase from the actin cytoskeleton and redistribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase to the apical membrane. During ATP depletion, total cellular Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity was unaltered, but the Triton-X-100-insoluble fraction (cytoskeleton associated) of Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity decreased (P less than 0.01), with a corresponding increase in the detergent-soluble fraction of Na+,K(+)-ATPase (P less than 0.01). Indirect immunofluorescent studies of cells with depleted ATP revealed a redistribution of Na+,K(+)-ATPase from the basolateral membrane into the apical membrane and throughout the cytoplasm. ATP depletion also resulted in the redistribution of F-actin from a primarily cortical concentration to a perinuclear location. There was also a rapid, duration-dependent conversion of monomeric G-actin to F-actin starting during the first 5 min of ATP depletion. Taken together, these data suggest that ATP depletion causes profound alterations in cell polarity by inducing major changes in the actin cytoskeletal architecture.
Heart Rate Regulation with Different Heart rate Reference Profiles for Electric Bicycle Riders (2015)

In this paper, we propose a new nonlinear control strategy for electric bicycles that adjusts the motor assistance automatically to maintain a desired heart rate level of the cyclist. The control algorithm uses the current heart rate, torque and cadence of the rider as inputs, and adjusts the assistance of the motor adaptively. The controller consists of feedforward as well as feedback components: Whereas the heart rate is the feedback component, the system's feedforward component is the rider's estimated torque output at the desired heart rate level. Environmental changes like slope or headwind are modeled as disturbances that the controller has to reject. We conduct test rides with one subject at different intensity levels to develop and validate a nonlinear heart rate response model of the bicycle rider. The model uses the power output of the cyclist as an input and takes immediate and gradual responses of the heart rate into account. We use a commercial electric bicycle with a front wheel hub motor to test the controller design. The bicycle is modified to measure torque output and pedalling frequency of the rider and to control the motor torque. The heart rate is measured by a chest strap. Data processing and controller design were performed on a laptop. We present simulation as well as experimental results for different reference heart rate profiles to verify the performance of the controller.
Dendrons and Dendritic Catalysts Immobilized on Solid Support: Synthesis and Dendritic Effects in Catalysis (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Human perception of light chromaticity: short-wavelength effects in spectra with low circadian stimulation, and broader implications for general LED sources (2019)

Although light sources are designed assuming the same color sensitivity for all viewers, inter-user variability can in fact cause significant discrepancies in individual perception. Here, perception variability related to short-wavelength effects is investigated. An experimental study is reported on LED sources with reduced blue content, which cause reduced circadian stimulation. Perceived chromaticity is strongly dependent on the viewer's age and spectral shape, in excellent agreement with a model based on modern colorimetry. Broader implications for LED sources in lighting and displays are discussed, and significant effects are found. These results confirm the inadequacy of conventional colorimetry and support the use of modern color science in the design and engineering of lighting products.
Flat embedding and immunolabelling of SW 1116 colon carcinoma cells in LR white: An improved technique in light and electron microscopy (1992)

Human SW 1116 colon carcinoma cells were grown on matrix-covered coverslips and flat embedded in specially prepared gelatin capsules in the hydrophylic resin LR White. Dehydration and polymerization were carried out so as to maximize preservation of antigenicity. Sections were cut perpendicular to the substratum. To visualize mucin, semithin sections of SW 1116 cells were stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) reagent for light microscopy, and ultrathin sections were labelled with a monoclonal mucin antibody (Mab 19-9) and immunogold for electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence was carried out on whole cultured cells using Mab 19-9. The morphological preservation of SW 1116 cells embedded in LR White was comparable to that of Epon-embedded cells. Mucin was localized on the microvillar surface of the apical plasma membrane and occasionally in intercellular spaces between adjacent cells. Mucin was also present in vesicles in the apical and lateral part, and to a lesser extent in the basal part of the cells. We conclude that this new technology significantly improves the morphological preservation of cells and tissues in LR White, while also serving to sustain the antigenicity of cellular antigens.
Zero Volt Paper Spray Ionization and Its Mechanism (2015)

The analytical performance and a suggested mechanism for zero volt paper spray using chromatography paper are presented. A spray is generated by the action of the pneumatic force of the mass spectrometer (MS) vacuum at the inlet. Positive and negative ion signals are observed, and comparisons are made with standard kV paper spray (PS) ionization and nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI). While the range of analytes to which zero volt PS is applicable is very similar to kV PS and nESI, differences in the mass spectra of mixtures are interpreted in terms of the more significant effects of analyte surface activity in the gentler zero volt experiment than in the other methods due to the significantly lower charge. The signal intensity of zero volt PS is also lower than in the other methods. A Monte Carlo simulation based on statistical fluctuation of positive and negative ions in solution has been implemented to explain the production of ions from initially uncharged droplets. Uncharged droplets first break up due to aerodynamics forces until they are in the 2-4 μm size range and then undergo Coulombic fission. A model involving statistical charge fluctuations in both phases predicts detection limits similar to those observed experimentally and explains the effects of binary mixture components on relative ionization efficiencies. The proposed mechanism may also play a role in ionization by other voltage-free methods.