gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amelogenin phosphorylation regulates tooth enamel formation by stabilizing a transient amorphous mineral precursor (2020)

Dental enamel comprises interwoven arrays of extremely long and narrow crystals of carbonated hydroxyapatite called enamel rods. Amelogenin (AMELX) is the predominant extracellular enamel matrix protein and plays an essential role in enamel formation (amelogenesis). Previously, we have demonstrated that full-length AMELX forms higher-order supramolecular assemblies that regulate ordered mineralization <i>in vitro</i>, as observed in enamel rods. Phosphorylation of the sole AMELX phosphorylation site (Ser-16) <i>in vitro</i> greatly enhances its capacity to stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), the first mineral phase formed in developing enamel, and prevents apatitic crystal formation. To test our hypothesis that AMELX phosphorylation is critical for amelogenesis, we generated and characterized a hemizygous knockin (KI) mouse model with a phosphorylation-defective Ser-16 to Ala-16 substitution in AMELX. Using EM analysis, we demonstrate that in the absence of phosphorylated AMELX, KI enamel lacks enamel rods, the hallmark component of mammalian enamel, and, unlike WT enamel, appears to be composed of less organized arrays of shorter crystals oriented normal to the dentinoenamel junction. KI enamel also exhibited hypoplasia and numerous surface defects, whereas heterozygous enamel displayed highly variable mosaic structures with both KI and WT features. Importantly, ACP-to-apatitic crystal transformation occurred significantly faster in KI enamel. Secretory KI ameloblasts also lacked Tomes' processes, consistent with the absence of enamel rods, and underwent progressive cell pathology throughout enamel development. In conclusion, AMELX phosphorylation plays critical mechanistic roles in regulating ACP-phase transformation and enamel crystal growth, and in maintaining ameloblast integrity and function during amelogenesis.
A Simple and Efficient RF Technique for TSV Characterization (2017)

This paper applies for the first time an RF equivalent of the four-point probe Kelvin DC technique to characterize the TSV inductance. This RF approach is based on two-port S-parameter measurements over a wide frequency range using a vector network analyzer (VNA). The approach is easy to implement to determine the TSV inductance, which can be complementary to the DC Kelvin measurements. In addition, it does not require additional de-embedding structures, which simplifies both the measurement and the data analysis procedures and saves die area. Moreover, the TSV-array to TSV-array coupling in a real case scenario with different substrate-ground contact types and surrounding configurations has been characterized and noise coupling mitigation techniques are addressed.
1L1448 Observation of rotation of mutant F1-ATPase with twisted A at high temporal resolution(Molecular motor 1,The 49th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2011)

General IncorporatedAssociation dependenLe ot the bindTng afTinity vvas calculated For thc catalytie site that "aits for ATP at OO durmg free rotdtion the affinities for both Cy3 ATP and Cy3 ADP were To-est at 400(3200) ThL aenmLy for Cy3 ATP dround OO -any 5 10 times greater than that for Cy3 ADP in the prLsencc or abbellce of Pi
Structural dependence of coupling between a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide and a wire waveguide (2004)

The coupling dependence between a wire waveguide and a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide on a shared connection structure was analyzed theoretically. By calculating the transmittance at the connecting point for various sample geometries, we found the structure to have high coupling efficiency and fabrication tolerance. The maximum transmittance can be as high as 95% for a wavelength near 1.55 μm within our investigation when the structure of the connecting point is well designed.
A Stability Robustness Test for Systems with Linear Time-varying Uncertainties (2006)

In this paper, a novel stability robustness test for systems with linear time-varying uncertainties is introduced. The advantages of the stability robustness test lie in the fact that it can cope with multi-input multi-output, stable, or unstable systems whose linear time-varying uncertainties can be represented by a standard structured uncertainty model, and that the implementation of the test is straightforward. The tool used to provide the means of determining system stability robustness is the linear time-invariant ν-gap metric.
Electrolyte for use in electrochemical devices (2023)

The electrolyte includes one or more polysiloxanes, one or more alkali metal salts, and one or more silanes. At least one polysiloxane includes side chains having poly(alkylene oxide) moieties. At east one silane includes at least one moiety selected from a first group consisting of an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, a halogenated aryl group, an alkoxy group and an oxyalkylene group and at least one moiety selected from a second group consisting of an alkoxy group, an oxyalkylene group and a carbonate group. In one example, the electrochemical device is a secondary battery.
The molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with the destruction of terminal bronchioles in COPD (2021)

The reduction in terminal bronchioles observed in lungs from patients with COPD occurs in a hot spot of microscopic emphysema, where there is upregulation of <i>IFNG</i> signalling, co-stimulatory immune checkpoint genes and genes related to the inflammasome pathway, and increased infiltration of immune cells. These could be potential targets for therapeutic interventions in COPD.
Dynamic Data Driven Methods for Self-aware Aerospace Vehicles (2012)

A self-aware aerospace vehicle can dynamically adapt the way it performs missions by gathering information about itself and its surroundings and responding intelligently. Achieving this DDDAS paradigm enables a revolutionary new generation of self-aware aerospace vehicles that can perform missions that are impossible using current design, flight, and mission planning paradigms. To make self-aware aerospace vehicles a reality, fundamentally new algorithms are needed that drive decision-making through dynamic response to uncertain data, while incorporating information from multiple modeling sources and multiple sensor fidelities.In this work, the specific challenge of a vehicle that can dynamically and autonomously sense, plan, and act is considered. The challenge is to achieve each of these tasks in real time executing online models and exploiting dynamic data streams–while also accounting for uncertainty. We employ a multifidelity approach to inference, prediction and planning an approach that incorporates information from multiple modeling sources, multiple sensor data sources, and multiple fidelities.
Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring: prenatal androgen exposure or genetic confounding? (2019)

Estimates were similar when accounting for familial confounding (i.e. genetics and environmental factors shared by cousins) and stronger in girls for ADHD and ASD, potentially indicating a differential influence of prenatal androgen exposure v. genetic factors. These results strengthen evidence for a potential causal influence of prenatal androgen exposure on the development of male-predominant neuropsychiatric disorders in female offspring of women with PCOS.
Design Optimization of Hyper Elastic Structure with Simultaneous Constraints of Surface Traction/Deformation (2002)

The contact surface of deformable continuum body has importance on surface deformation and traction simultaneously, since the surface deformation due to the contacting object sometimes yields such surface traction that accompanies the severe stress conditions for the deformable body as well as for the contacting object. This study discusses a mechanical problem of deformable continuum body of hyper elasticity with surface traction and deformation prescribed simultaneously. Such a problem is considered as a design optimization problem in the context of homology design concept. The homology index for the prescribed deformation is defined on the body surface with the prescribed traction force, and the structural compliance minimization problem is formulated by epsilon-constraint technique for homology index in the context of the SIMP method for the topology optimization and solved by sequential linearization technique. Numerical case demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed idea.
Powering Disturb-Free Reconfigurable Computing and Tunable Analog Electronics with Dual-Port Ferroelectric FET (2023)

Single-port ferroelectric FET (FeFET) that performs write and read operations on the same electrical gate prevents its wide application in tunable analog electronics and suffers from read disturb, especially to the high-threshold voltage (VTH) state as the retention energy barrier is reduced by the applied read bias. To address both issues, we propose to adopt a read disturb-free dual-port FeFET where write is performed on the gate featuring a ferroelectric layer and the read is done on a separate gate featuring a non-ferroelectric dielectric. Combining the unique structure and the separate read gate, read disturb is eliminated as the applied field is aligned with polarization in the high-VTH state and thus improving its stability, while it is screened by the channel inversion charge and exerts no negative impact on the low-VTH state stability. Comprehensive theoretical and experimental validation have been performed on fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) FeFETs integrated on 22 nm platform, which intrinsically has dual ports with its buried oxide layer acting as the non-ferroelectric dielectric. Novel applications that can exploit the proposed dual-port FeFET are proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time, including FPGA that harnesses its read disturb-free feature and tunable analog electronics (e.g., frequency tunable ring oscillator in this work) leveraging the separated write and read paths.
Scintillation properties of Dy-doped TeO<sub>2</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–BaO glasses (2020)

We investigated photoluminescence (PL) and scintillation properties of Dy-doped tellurite glasses [80TeO2–5Al2O3–(15 − x)BaO–xDy2O3 (x = 0.1–0.5)]. The Dy-doped tellurite glasses were prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method. In PL, all the Dy-doped tellurite glasses showed sharp emission peaks at approximately 575, 660 and 755 nm originated from the 4f–4f transition of Dy3+. The 0.5 and 1.0 % Dy-doped tellurite glasses exhibited high PL intensities under 450 nm excitation light. In scintillation, the Dy-doped tellurite glasses showed emissions peaking at approximately 485, 585 and 665 nm due to the 4f–4f transitions of Dy3+, and the 1.0 % Dy-doped tellurite glass exhibited the highest scintillation intensity. Furthermore, the PL and scintillation decay time constants of the Dy-doped tellurite glasses were about 12.6–367 and 30.2–248 µs, respectively. Theses decay time constants were typical values for the 4f–4f transition of Dy3+. In addition, the Dy-doped tellurite glasses showed moderate afterglow levels of about 289–751 ppm, and the afterglow level of the 1.0 % Dy-doped tellurite glass (289 ppm) was almost comparable to that of a commonly used inorganic scintillator Tl-doped CsI.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Enzymatic Hydrazone Hydrolysis by Bakers′ Yeast. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Accuracy of In-Vivo Assessment of Prostatic Volume by MRI and Transrectal Ultrasonography (1992)

More accurate noninvasive estimation of prostate size is important in therapeutic trials for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The accuracy of MRI and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in assessing prostate weight was evaluated in 48 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for stage A or B cancer. The volume derived from the wet weight of the freshly excised specimen was used as a reference. We compared that volume with volume estimates derived from the three-axis linear dimension measurement by MRI and TRUS using a tissue density of 1.05 g/cc and the standard formula for an ellipsoid object. Prostate and seminal vesicle volumes were also computed by contouring T2-weighted 5 mm thick contiguous MR images using a semiautomatic edge detection program and pixel summation. Three-axis volume MRI method versus volume from wet weight has slightly less scatter than TRUS three-axis method (r = 0.85 vs r = 0.81). Contoured MR volume method has the least scatter r = 0.93, statistically better than the linear axis method. Contoured MRI volumetric analysis appears superior to linear MRI or TRUS methods in estimating true prostate volume.
Scaling in back-illuminated GaN avalanche photodiodes (2007)

Avalanche p-i-n photodiodes of various mesa areas were fabricated on AlN templates for back illumination for enhanced performance through hole-initiated multiplication, and the effects of increased area on device performance were studied. Avalanche multiplication was observed in mesa sizes up to 14063μm2 under linear mode operation. Uniform gain and a linear increase of the dark current with area were demonstrated.
Algorithm and Performance Analysis for Frame Detection Based on Matched Filtering (2020)

Frame arrival detection is the first crucial task for a digital communication receiver. In this paper, we propose a new frame arrival detection method based on the concept of matched filtering. The proposed training sequence consists of three repeated subsequences, each including a few repeated segments and exhibiting high sparsity in frequency domain. The proposed detection method includes the following two stages. The first matched filtering stage employs the subsequence as the filter coefficients, which matches the frequency sparsity of the received subsequence and could greatly improve the output signal to noise ratio. The second stage adopts delayed autocorrelation on the filtered signal to detect the presence of training sequence. It is demonstrated that the proposed method could outperform the conventional methods in terms of both missed detection and false alarm probability. We derive the theoretical analysis for both missed detection and false alarm performance. We further extend our performance analysis and numerical evaluation to the system with carrier frequency offset (CFO). The results illustrate accuracy of the analytical results and robustness of the proposed method against practical levels of CFO.
Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Anodes for Lithium Cells (2006)

In recent experiments, highly purified batches of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown promise as superior alternatives to the graphitic carbon-black anode materials heretofore used in rechargeable thin-film lithium power cells. The basic idea underlying the experiments is that relative to a given mass of graphitic carbon-black anode material, an equal mass of SWCNTs can be expected to have greater lithium-storage and charge/discharge capacities. The reason for this expectation is that whereas the microstructure and nanostructure of a graphitic carbon black is such as to make most of the interior of the material inaccessible for intercalation of lithium, a batch of SWCNTs can be made to have a much more open microstructure and nanostructure, such that most of the interior of the material is accessible for intercalation of lithium. Moreover, the greater accessibility of SWCNT structures can be expected to translate to greater mobilities for ion-exchange processes and, hence, an ability to sustain greater charge and discharge current densities.
Exploiting Color Filter Array Sensor NIR Spectral Sensitivity to Improve Color Accuracy: Spectral Reflectance Analysis (2008)

A visible and near infrared (NIR) spectral reflectance database of commonly imaged objects was developed having minimal spectral redundancy. A spectral analysis was performed on this database to investigate the relationship between NIR and visible spectral reflectance. The correlation between the digital signals of theoretical NIR channels and tristimulus values for the database was analyzed to find the optimal NIR channel such that this channel could be used to improve color accuracy and improve image quality. The closer the NIR channel was located to the visible spectrum, the more optimal was the result. A colorimetric image segmentation algorithm was developed to improve this correlation. The spectral sensitivities of a typical color filter array (CFA) camera were used as a virtual camera model to test the viability of a NIR channel and colorimetric segmentation to improve color accuracy. The simulation results using the database revealed the possibility to exploiting the NIR spectral sensitivities of common CFA cameras as an additional channel for improved color accuracy.
Accelerating Effect of Wound Healing by Irradiation with Laser, Preliminary Report (1982)

The effect of irradiation with low power laser on wound healing was studied. 80 guinea pigs were subjected to this experiment. Two open wounds, 1cm in diameter, were created on the back at the right and left side in each animals. The wound was limited to the skin (shallow wound) or excised as deep as the muscular layer (deep wound). Unilateral wound was irradiated with Argon laser (energy density 2 J/cm2 or 6 J/cm2) every day or every other day till the wound completely healed. The contralateral wound was not irradiated. From this study the wound healing was accelerated by irradiation with Argon laser average 3 days faster than that of the non-irradiated wound.
In-Situ Characterization of Lithium Native Passivation Layer in A High Vacuum Scanning Electron Microscope (2019)

A technique to characterize the native passivation layer (NPL) on pure lithium metal foils in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is described in this paper. Lithium is a very reactive metal, and consequently, observing and quantifying its properties in a SEM is often compromised by rapid oxidation. In this work, a pure lithium energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum is obtained for the first time in a high vacuum SEM using a cold stage/cold trap with liquid nitrogen reservoir outside the SEM chamber. A nanomanipulator (OmniProbe 400) inside the microscope combined with x-ray microanalysis and windowless energy dispersive spectrometer is used to fully characterize the NPL of lithium metal and some of its alloys by a mechanical removal procedure. The results show that the native films of pure lithium and its alloys are composed of a thin (25 nm) outer layer that is carbon-rich and an inner layer containing a significant amount of oxygen. Differences in thickness between laminated and extruded samples are observed and vary depending on the alloy composition.
Synthesis and Properties of a Multiblock Copolymer with Long Side Chains for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2015)

Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) fuel cells are a possible route to overcoming fundamental issues with acid-based fuel cells. The issues include the high cost of platinum catalysts, complex water transport, and sluggish electrochemical reactions, etc. However, the performance of AEM fuel cells is not as good as that of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells because of the limitations of current anion exchange membranes, such as low ionic conductivity, poor stability at high pH, and high water uptake. A series of novel multiblock copoly(arylene ether)s with long side chains were synthesized for AEM fuel cells. The multiblock copolymers were synthesized by polycondensation of separately-prepared hydroxyl-terminated oligomers with fluoro-terminated oligomers. The resulting multiblock structure, in which one block is hydrophilic and one block is hydrophobic, was designed to ensure a nanophase-separated morphology. Multiblock copolymers with different block lengths and ion exchange capacities (IEC) were synthesized to maximize ion conductivity and explore the relationship between chemical structures and properties in anion exchange membranes. Furthermore, copolymers with long side chains exhibited higher stability in high pH environment than their counterparts without long side chains. The degradation mechanism was also studied for the long side chain block copolymers. Financial support from US Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Defense Exports and Cooperation (DASA-DE&amp;C) is gratefully acknowledged.
Phenotype and Function of CD209+ Bovine Blood Dendritic Cells, Monocyte-Derived-Dendritic Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (2016)

Phylogenic comparisons of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) of humans and mice demonstrate phenotypic divergence of dendritic cell (DC) subsets that play similar roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Although differing in phenotype, DC can be classified into four groups according to ontogeny and function: conventional DC (cDC1 and cDC2), plasmacytoid DC (pDC), and monocyte derived DC (MoDC). DC of Artiodactyla (pigs and ruminants) can also be sub-classified using this system, allowing direct functional and phenotypic comparison of MoDC and other DC subsets trafficking in blood (bDC). Because of the high volume of blood collections required to study DC, cattle offer the best opportunity to further our understanding of bDC and MoDC function in an outbred large animal species. As reported here, phenotyping DC using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD209 revealed CD209 is expressed on the major myeloid population of DC present in blood and MoDC, providing a phenotypic link between these two subsets. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that CD209 is also expressed on monocyte derived macrophages (MoΦ). Functional analysis revealed each of these populations can take up and process antigens (Ags), present them to CD4 and CD8 T cells, and elicit a T-cell recall response. Thus, bDC, MoDC, and MoΦ pulsed with pathogens or candidate vaccine antigens can be used to study factors that modulate DC-driven T-cell priming and differentiation ex vivo.
Next-Generation Optical Access Seamless Evolution: Concluding Results of the European FP7 Project OASE (2015)

Increasing bandwidth demand drives the need for next-generation optical access (NGOA) networks that can meet future end-user service requirements. This paper gives an overview of NGOA solutions, the enabling optical access network technologies, architecture principles, and related economics and business models. NGOA requirements (including peak and sustainable data rate, reach, cost, node consolidation, and open access) are proposed, and the different solutions are compared against such requirements in different scenarios (in terms of population density and system migration). Unsurprisingly, it is found that different solutions are best suited for different scenarios. The conclusions drawn from such findings allow us to formulate recommendations in terms of technology, strategy, and policy. The paper is based on the main results of the European FP7 OASE Integrated Project that ran between January 1, 2010 and February 28, 2013.