gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microdevice for Isolating Viable Circulating Tumor Cells (2008)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood has clinical significance in highlighting disease status for cancer patients. Thus analyzing blood samples, a commonly extracted body fluids in any health test, can be very helpful in prognosis. Here, we present a microdevice that permits separation of CTCs and blood constituents via their distinctively different biorheology. No functional modifications of the device were required and viable CTCs were obtained. Further studies on viable CTCs might give insights into the nature of the metastatic process. In our microfluidic device, the efficiency for isolating MCF-7 cells (breast adenocarcinoma) was 83%. Comparing with normal cultures, reseeded MCF-7 cells from isolation show no difference in proliferation rate highlighting these cells remain viable. Preliminary results show great promise to efficiently isolate and enumerate viable CTCs from peripheral blood with unique biomechanical characteristics. The microfluidic device presents an effective means for CTC studies and monitoring of cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirality and Its Importance in Drug Development: A Synthetic Chemists′ s Perspective (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
One‐Pot Synthetic Procedure for2,2′‐Disubstituted Biaryls via the Suzuki Coupling Reaction of Aryl Triflates in a Biphasic Solvent System (2006)

Abstract A one‐pot synthetic procedure for 2,2′‐disubstituted biaryls was developed via a Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction of aryl triflates in a biphasic solvent system. The effects of various bases and solvents were investigated. Results showed that the Na2CO3–toluene/H2O combination gave the highest yields.
Directivity and Interference Tradeoffs with Cylindrical Antenna Arrays (2008)

Cylindrical antenna arrays are characterized by high directivities, narrow beams, and low sidelobe levels. They were successfully used to increase the user capacity in the downlink of WCDMA cellular systems. Their high directivities lead to an increase of interference in the adjacent cells, whereas their narrow beams and low sidelobes help efficiently in interference mitigation. A tradeoff between these two contrasting trends is investigated. Cylindrical antenna arrays are shown to outperform other array types with similar properties, leading to an increase in capacity and coverage and simultaneously providing good interference rejection properties.
Supplementary Movie 5 from Ovarian Cancer Spheroids Use Myosin-Generated Force to Clear the Mesothelium (2023)

&lt;p&gt;File Type: .mov; File Size: &lt;1 MB.&lt;/p&gt;
Accommodating Vagueness (2008)

Abstract This chapter shows that only those theories of vagueness that countenance degrees of truth can allow for the existence of predicates that satisfy the Closeness definition. More precisely, it argues that given the existence of a Sorites series for the predicate F, there is no way to accommodate the claim that F conforms to Closeness without accepting the idea that truth comes in degrees. The upshot is that there is a need for a theory of vagueness that countenances degrees of truth — provided, of course, that vagueness is correctly defined in terms of Closeness. The chapter provides the positive argument in favour of the latter claim in the previous chapter. It concludes the case for Closeness by providing negative arguments to the effect that alternative definitions which might be proposed as its replacement do not share its advantages.
Convergence Analysis of Distributed Inference with Vector-Valued Gaussian Belief Propagation (2016)

This paper considers inference over distributed linear Gaussian models using factor graphs and Gaussian belief propagation (BP). The distributed inference algorithm involves only local computation ...
C(5)-Epimerization in Glycopyranosides During the Cyclization of Anomeric Radicals: A Comparison with Glycofuranosides (1992)

The 5-exo cyclization of anomeric radicals in glycopyranosides is accompanied by the epimerization of the C(5)-chiral center. This results from an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer from the axial C(5)-H bond to the α-cyclized radical. The extent of this intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer, and, consequently, of the C(5)-epimerization, depends on the concentration of tributyltin hydride, the temperature, and the nature and stereochemistry of the substituents at C(4) and C(6). In contrast, no epimerization could be detected in the case of an analogous glycofuranoside.
Spectrum Sharing Strategies for UAV-to-UAV Cellular Communications (2020)

In this article, we consider a cellular network deployment where UAV-to-UAV (U2U) transmit-receive pairs coexist with the uplink (UL) of cellular ground users (GUEs). Our analysis focuses on comparing two spectrum sharing mechanisms: i) overlay, where the available time-frequency resources are split into orthogonal portions for U2U and GUE communications, and ii) underlay, where the same resources may be accessed by both link types, resulting in mutual interference. We evaluate the coverage probability and rate of all links and their interplay to identify the best spectrum sharing mechanism. Among other things, our results demonstrate that, in scenarios with a large number of UAV pairs, adopting overlay spectrum sharing seems the most suitable approach for maintaining a minimum guaranteed rate for UAVs and a high GUE UL performance. We also find that increasing the density of U2U links degrades their rates in the overlay-where UAVs only receive interference from other UAVs-, but not significantly so in the underlay- where the effect of GUE-generated interference is dominant.
Prediction of Gas Turbine Performance Degradation Between Soakwashes in Natural Gas Compressor Stations (2012)

Gas Turbine (GT), like other prime movers, undergoes wear and tear over time which results in performance drop as far as available power and efficiency is concerned. In addition to routine wear and tear, the engine also undergoes corrosion, fouling etc. due to the impurities it breathes in. It is standard procedure to ‘wash’ the engine from time to time to revive it. However, it is important to establish a correct schedule for the wash to ensure optimal maintenance procedure. This calls for accurate prediction of the performance degradation of the engine over time. In this paper, a methodology is presented to predict the performance degradation in a GE LM2500 Gas Turbine engine used at one of TransCanada’s pipeline system, Canada. Emphasis is laid on analyzing the degradation of the air compressor side of the engine since it is most prone to fouling and degradation. Although the results presented are for a specific engine type, the general framework of the model could be used for other engines as well to quantify degradation over time of other components within the GT engine. The present model combines Gas Path Analysis (GPA) to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters over the engine cycle followed by parameter estimation to filter the data of possible noise due to instrumentation errors. The model helps quantify the degradation in the engine performance over time and also indicates the effectiveness of each engine wash. The analysis will lead to better scheduling of the engine wash thereby optimizing operational costs as well as engine overhaul time.
MR venography of the calf: value of flow-enhanced time-of-flight echoplanar imaging. (1996)

Multishot time-of-flight echoplanar imaging can exploit the short-lived effect of mechanical flow-enhancing measures, resulting in good visualization of calf veins. The true diagnostic impact of this technique needs to be evaluated in a patient study.
Elevated frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes in infants exposed to zidovudine in utero and postpartum to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (2020)

Zidovudine-based antiretroviral therapies (ART) for treatment of HIV-infected pregnant women have markedly reduced mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) from ~25% to <1%. However, zidovudine (ZDV; AZT), a nucleoside analogue, induces chromosomal damage, gene mutations, and cancer in animals following direct or transplacental exposures. To determine if chromosomal damage is induced by ZDV in infants exposed transplacentally, we evaluated micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies (%MN-RET) in 16 HIV-infected ART-treated mother-infant pairs. Thirteen women received prenatal ART containing ZDV; 3 received ART without ZDV. All infants received ZDV for 6 weeks postpartum. Venous blood was obtained from women at delivery, and from infants at 1–3 days, 4–6 weeks, and 4–6 months of life; cord blood was collected immediately after delivery. Ten cord blood samples (controls) were obtained from infants of HIV-uninfected women who did not receive ART. %MN-RET was measured using a single laser 3-color flow cytometric system. Ten-fold increases in %MN-RET were seen in women and infants who received ZDV-containing ART prenatally; no increases were detected in 3 women and infants who received prenatal ART without ZDV. Specifically, mean %MN-RET in cord blood of ZDV-exposed infants was 1.67±0.34 compared with 0.16±0.06 in non-ZDV ART-exposed infants (P=0.006) and 0.12±0.02 in control cord bloods (p<0.0001). %MN-RET in ZDV-exposed newborns decreased over the first 6 months of life to levels comparable to cord blood controls. These results demonstrate that transplacental ZDV exposure is genotoxic in humans. Long-term monitoring of HIV-uninfected ZDV-exposed infants is recommended to ensure their continued health.
Advances in GaN semiconductors for energy efficient solid state lighting (2012)

Currently, GaN white LEDs exhibit luminous efficacy greater than 150 lm/Watt, and external quantum effiencies higher than 50% at low drive currents. However, current commercial LEDs grown on the c-plane of the wurtzite crystal suffer from the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) due to the large polarization-related electric fields. This effect causes band bending in the active region and results in the spatial separation of the electron and hole wave functions, thus lowering the radiative recombination rate and reducing the internal quantum efficiency (IQE). Moreover, the IQE is further reduced with increasing injection current or temperature by a phenomenon known as “efficiency droop”. Crystal orientations that have reduced polarization related effects, such as the semipolar and nonpolar orientations, enable the growth of thick QWs, which results in reduced carrier density in the wells. A review of the unique polarization anisotropy in GaN will be discussed for the different crystal orientations. Emphasis on nonpolar and semipolar LEDs will highlight high-power violet, blue and green emitters and considers the effects of indium incorporation and substrate miscut. In this work, we demonstrated a small-area (0.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) semipolar (2021̅) blue (447 nm) light-emitting diode (LED) with high light output power (LOP) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) by utilizing a single 12-nm-thick InGaN quantum well. Figure 1 showed the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image of the active area of the LED. In addition, as we can see in Fig. 2, the LED had pulsed LOPs of 140, 253, 361, and 460 mW, and EQEs of 50.1, 45.3, 43.0, and 41.2 %, at current densities of 100, 200, 300, and 400 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. Low efficiency droop performance in LEDs also can be seen in the inset of Fig. 2. By lowering the 3-dimentional current density, a highest characteristic temperature of ~ 900 K at a current density of 40 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (see Fig. 3) and >; 90% Hot/Cold factors in the current density region between 20 to 100 A/cm2 (see Fig. 4) were also demonstrated when increasing ambient temperature from 20 to 100 °C, owning to the reduction in carrier leakage out of the active region and Auger recombination.
Quantitative investigation of indium distribution in InN wetting layers and dots grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2020)

InN dots grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were analyzed using atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. A dot was found to be composed of pure InN at the core with a sharp interface with its underlying GaN layer and a more diffuse interface with its top GaN cap layer. Both techniques revealed the hexagonal truncated pyramid shape of the dots. APT has been used in the analysis of the wetting layers formed between the quantum dots. The fractional coverage appeared to saturate at longer growth times, with the highest fraction of monolayer coverage found to be 0.6.
A large‐scale study of the evolution of Web pages (2004)

Abstract How fast does the Web change? Does most of the content remain unchanged once it has been authored, or are the documents continuously updated? Do pages change a little or a lot? Is the extent of change correlated to any other property of the page? All of these questions are of interest to those who mine the Web, including all the popular search engines, but few studies have been performed to date to answer them. One notable exception is a study by Cho and Garcia‐Molina, who crawled a set of 720 000 pages on a daily basis over 4 months, and counted pages as having changed if their MD5 checksum changed. They found that 40% of all Web pages in their set changed within a week, and 23% of those pages that fell into the .com domain changed daily. This paper expands on Cho and Garcia‐Molina's study, both in terms of coverage and in terms of sensitivity to change. We crawled a set of 150 836 209 HTML pages once every week, over a span of 11 weeks. For each page, we recorded a checksum of the page, and a feature vector of the words on the page, plus various other data such as the page length, the HTTP status code, etc. Moreover, we pseudo‐randomly selected 0.1% of all of our URLs, and saved the full text of each download of the corresponding pages. After completion of the crawl, we analyzed the degree of change of each page, and investigated which factors are correlated with change intensity. We found that the average degree of change varies widely across top‐level domains, and that larger pages change more often and more severely than smaller ones. This paper describes the crawl and the data transformations we performed on the logs, and presents some statistical observations on the degree of change of different classes of pages. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Contacting Organic Molecules by Soft Methods: Towards Molecule‐Based Electronic Devices (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Nanoparticle Mobility on Toughness of Polymer Nanocomposites (2005)

Nanoparticle orientation and alignment under tensile stress results in enhanced toughness in nanocomposite materials. This energy-dissipation mechanism, which is not observed in conventional polymer composites, is applicable to both semicrystalline and amorphous polymer-composite systems. The mechanism depends on the mobility of the nanoparticles in the matrix, as shown in the Figure before (left) and after (right) stretching.
<title>Micromechanical theory of the nonlinear behavior of ferroelectric ceramics</title> (1995)

Ferroelectric and ferroelastic switching cause ferroelectric ceramics to depolarize and deform when subjected to excessive electric field or stress. Switching is the source of the classic butterfly shaped strain vs. electric field hysteresis loops and the corresponding electric displacement vs. electric field loops. It is also the source of a stress-strain curve with linear elastic behavior at low stress, non-linear switching strain at intermediate stress, and linear elastic behavior at high stress. In this work, a series of experiments on lead lanthanum zirconate titanate are modeled with a computer simulation of the ceramic microstructure. The polarization and strain for an individual grain are predicted from the imposed electric field and stress through a Preisach hysteresis model. The response of the bulk ceramic to applied loads is predicted by averaging the response of individual grains that are considered to be statistically random in orientation. The random orientation yields essential non-linear behavior of the observed strain and electric displacement hysteresis loops and the non-linear stress- strain curve for the polycrystalline ceramic. The linear piezoelectric effect opens up a butterfly shape to the strain vs. electric field hysteresis loop but the model fails to predict the observed effect of 90 degree(s) switching. The grain to grain residual stress and residual polarization are estimated from inclusion calculations. These are both a function of the remanent strain and remanent polarization of the ceramic. This constraint opposed switching but has little effect on the butterfly shape in the strain vs. electric field hysteresis loop.
Collision avoidance scheme for MB-OFDM using Adaptive Symbol Skipping (2009)

In this paper for MB-OFDM piconets the probabilities of symbol collision and symbol skipping are theoretically analyzed in the case that both the desired and interfering piconets employ adaptive symbol skipping (ASS). In this scheme energy detection is employed and symbol transmission is skipped in order to avoid collision. Thermal noise is taken into account for analysis of the probabilities are calculated based on chi-square distribution. The assumed ASS shows better performance than the scheme in which only the desired piconet employs the ASS.
The vinylogue of bis-4,5-methylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene: a new electron donor (1991)

A new electron donor vinylogue-BMDT–TTF 5 [2,2′-ethanediylidenebis(1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene)] has been synthesized (overall yield from 8 16%). The compound represents a structural modification of the molecular framework that has led to highly conducting, even superconducting, organic charge transfer (CT) complexes. Like other tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based donors 5 undergoes a reversible two-electron oxidation as shown by cyclic voltammetry.
Interacting with Intelligent Characters in AR (2018)

In this paper, we explore interacting with virtual characters in AR along real-world environments. Our vision is that virtual characters will be able to understand the real-world environment and interact in an intelligent and realistic manner with it. For example, a character can walk around uneven stairs and slopes, or be pushed away by collisions with real-world objects like a ball. We describe how to automatically animate a new character, and imbue it’s motion with adaption to environments and reactions to perturbations from the real world.
Vaccination with Virus‐Like Particles Protects Horses from Experimental BPV ‐1 Infection (2013)

Aims Bovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (BPV‐1/‐2) are chiefly involved in the pathogenesis of equine sarcoids. We have previously demonstrated that intramuscular immunisation of horses with BPV‐1 L1 virus‐like particles (VLPs) is safe and highly immunogenic, that BPV‐1 and ‐2 are closely related serotypes, and that intradermal inoculation of horses with cow wart‐derived BPV‐1 virions reliably results in the development of transient pseudo‐sarcoids. Based on these data, we next performed a virus challenge study. Methods Fourteen horses were immunised with 100 μg of BPV‐1 L1 VLP in adjuvant on Days 1 and 28; 7 horses served as nonvaccinated controls. On Day 42, all 21 horses were intradermally inoculated on their neck with 5 x 10 7 BPV‐1 virions per wheal (10 wheals per horse). The horses were monitored for adverse reactions and pseudo‐sarcoid formation. Antibody titres were determined for Days 0 and 42. Results All 7 control horses developed pseudo‐sarcoids at every inoculation site (10/10). Tumours reached sizes of up to 16 mm in diameter and persisted for a minimum of 20 weeks. Immunisation with BPV‐1 L1 VLPs resulted in complete protection in 13 of 14 vaccinated horses, with serum antibody titres ranging between 6.400 and 25.600. One vaccinated horse developed 7 tumours, which reached a maximum size of 2 mm and completely regressed within 5 weeks, with antibody titres of 800. Conclusions and practical significance Immunisation of 14 horses with BPV‐1 L1 VLPs conferred complete protection from experimental infection with BPV‐1 virion in 13 cases, and partial protection in one horse. The old age of this individual may account for the poor response to vaccination. Provided that the upcoming BPV‐2 challenge will yield similar results, BPV‐1 L1 VLP may be used for routine immunisation of equids. Ethical animal research This work was approved by the institutional ethics committee and the national authority according to Austrian Law for Animal Experiments, Tierversuchsgesetz ‐TVG. Approval Number: BMWF‐68.205/0236‐II/3b/2011. Sources of funding: This project is funded by the Veterinary University of Vienna Austrian Science Fund (FWF). Competing interests: None.
Construction of Yeast Artificial Chromosome Libraries by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (2003)

Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs; 1) are rapidly becoming the major cloning system to study eukaryotic genomes by physical mapping and chromosome walking projects (1-6). The main advantages of YACs over prokaryotic-based cloning systems are their large insert capacity (100-1500 kb), and their ability to maintain sequences that are unstable or not well represented in bacteriophage or cosmid genomic libraries.
A quantum cascade laser sensor for SO/sub 2/ and SO/sub 3/ (2005)

A dual room temperature QCL-based direct absorption spectrometer independently measures SO/sub 2/ and SO/sub 3/ to a precision of 1 to 2 ppmv-m/Hz/sup -1/2/ at a data rate of 100 Hz.
Cranial cruciate stabilitv in the rottweiler and racing greyhound: an in vitro study (2000)

An in vitro biomechanical study of cadaver stifles from rottweilers and racing greyhounds was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of the cranial cruciate ligament to stifle joint stability. This was performed at differing stifle joint angles, first with the joint capsules and ligaments intact and then with all structures removed except for the cranial cruciate ligament. Craniocaudal laxity increased in both breeds as stifle flexion increased. The rottweiler stifle showed greater craniocaudal joint laxity than the racing greyhound at all joint angles between 150 degrees and 110 degrees, but the actual increases in joint laxity between these joint angles were similar for both breeds. Tibial rotation during craniocaudal loading of the stifle increased craniocaudal laxity in both breeds during joint flexion. The relative contribution of the cranial cruciate ligament to cranial stability of the stifle joint increased as the joint flexed and was similar in both breeds.
Synthesis and properties of nanospheres copolymerised with luminescent europium(iii) chelates (2006)

Europium(III) chelates based on β-diketone and thienylpyridine subunits tethered to an acrylamide function were synthesized. They were polymerised with styrene and acrylic acid in the presence or absence of trioctylphosphine. The photophysical properties of the nanobeads obtained are also discussed.