gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided hepatic cryosurgery in the treatment of metastatic colon carcinoma. Preliminary results (1991)

Cryosurgery, the in situ freezing of cancer, has been proposed in the past as a possible treatment for unresectable hepatic tumors. Its advantage lies in the fact that it is a very focal treatment sacrificing less normal tissue than surgical resection, allowing treatment of multiple lobes. Because cryosurgery does not affect large vessels, tumors in difficult locations, such as adjacent to the inferior vena cava (IVC), can be treated. With the use of intraoperative ultrasound to place the cryoprobes and monitor the freezing process, 18 patients with unresectable metastatic colon carcinoma confined to the liver were treated. Of the 18 patients treated, 4 (22%) are in complete remission as determined by computed tomography (CT) scans and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, with a mean follow-up of 28.8 months. Four patients (22%) were not adequately treated at the time of cryosurgery. The number of lesions frozen in each patient ranged from 1 to 12, with a mean of 6 lesions. Fourteen patients had bilobar disease; three patients had previous right lobectomies with recurrences in their remaining left lobes prior to cryosurgery, and one patient had unilobar disease. Mean survival of the 14 cases with recurrence was 21.4 months, with 2 of the 14 still alive. Ultrasound-guided hepatic cryosurgery appears to be an effective treatment for metastatic colon carcinoma to the liver that is unresectable (including patients with bilobar and multiple lesions). These preliminary results indicate that the procedure warrants further study.
A Synergistic Effect of Potassium and Transition Metal Compounds on the Catalytic Behaviour of Hydrolysis Lignin in CO2-Assisted Gasification (2023)

CO2-assisted gasification of carbon-based waste materials is one of the processes that both utilises waste carbon chemicals and produces CO, which is a highly sought after raw material. In this work, we aimed at finding and clarifying the synergistic effects of simultaneous potassium and Fe, Co, or Ni-driven catalysis. To reveal the behaviour of such systems, a series with different potassium loadings and a fixed second metal loading of 5 wt.% was prepared. The following methods were applied for this purpose: SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, electron diffraction, and catalytic tests. The most active sample was found to be 3 wt.% K and 5 wt.% Co- or Fe-loaded hydrolysis lignin. The attained CO2 conversion was up to 92%, while the pure lignin sample demonstrated only 62% conversion under the same conditions.
Microcytotoxicity blocking assay for the detection and isolation of soluble astrocytoma association antigen (1984)

A blocking microcytotoxicity assay was used to detect soluble astrocytoma-associated antigen. The richest source of soluble antigen was found in spent culture media from an established glioblastoma (GF) tissue culture line. Also assayed were fractions of sonicated membrane antigen from another (GM) glioblastoma and pellets of GF and GM cultured glioblastoma tissue. Blocking by media conditioned by cultured normal human brain, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, meningioma, or 2-year-old astrocytoma cell lines was 41-82% lower. A monomer was isolated that blocked cytotoxicity and migrated in molecular exclusion chromatography with alpha-macroglobulins rather than the beta-2-microglobulins usually associated with histocompatibility antigens.
New diamine hardeners for epoxies (1977)

Stronger amine-cured polyepoxides can be obtained by using those diaminobenzophenones and diaminodiphenylmethanes that have amine groups located at ortho or meta positions to carbonyl or methylene groups joining two benzene rings.
Pulsatile versus nonpulsatile blood flow in the treatment of acute cerebral ischemia (1986)

The effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile perfusion on local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and on computerized mapping (CME) of electroencephalograms (EEG) in nonischemic and ischemic brain were studied using a canine stroke model. Nine anesthetized mongrel dogs were placed on normothermic right atrial-femoral artery cardiopulmonary bypass at a flow of 100 ml/kg/minute. Local CBF measurements and CME data were collected during nonpulsatile perfusion and maximal pulsatile perfusion. The stroke model was then produced, and local CBF measurements and CME data were again collected during nonpulsatile and pulsatile perfusion. In the nonischemic brain, local CBF increased 19%, from 32 +/- 10 to 38 +/- 11 ml/100 g/minute (P less than 0.01), when perfusion was changed from nonpulsatile flow (pulse pressure less than 4mm Hg) to pulsatile flow (pulse pressure 39 +/- 11 mm Hg). In the ischemic brain, local CBF increased 55%, from 11 +/- 5 to 17 +/- 7 ml/100 g/minute (P less than 0.01), when perfusion was changed from nonpulsatile (pulse pressure less than 3 mm Hg) to pulsatile (pulse pressure 36 +/- 7) flow. EEG power data, expressed as a power ratio index (PRI = low frequency power/high frequency power), improved significantly, from 110 +/- 33 to 101 +/- 41 (P less than 0.01) with pulsatile perfusion. These data demonstrate the importance of pulsatile blood flow in ischemic brain.
Action Space Reduction for Planning Domains (2023)

Planning tasks succinctly represent labeled transition systems, with each ground action corresponding to a label. This granularity, however, is not necessary for solving planning tasks and can be harmful, especially for model-free methods. In order to apply such methods, the label sets are often manually reduced. In this work, we propose automating this manual process. We characterize a valid label reduction for classical planning tasks and propose an automated way of obtaining such valid reductions by leveraging lifted mutex groups. Our experiments show a significant reduction in the action label space size across a wide collection of planning domains. We demonstrate the benefit of our automated label reduction in two separate use cases: improved sample complexity of model-free reinforcement learning algorithms and speeding up successor generation in lifted planning. The code and supplementary material are available at https://github.com/IBM/Parameter-Seed-Set.
Perioperative treatment options in resectable pancreatic cancer - how to improve long-term survival (2016)

Surgery remains the only chance of cure for pancreatic cancer, but only 15%-25% of patients present with resectable disease at the time of primary diagnosis. Important goals in clinical research must therefore be to allow early detection with suitable diagnostic procedures, to further broaden operation techniques and to determine the most effective perioperative treatment of either chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. More extensive operations involving extended pancreatectomy, portal vein resection and pancreatic resection in resectable pancreatic cancer with limited liver metastasis, performed in specialized centers seem to be the surgical procedures with a possible impact on survival. After many years of stagnation in pharmacological clinical research on advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) - since the approval of gemcitabine in 1997 - more effective cytotoxic substances (nab-paclitaxel) and combinations (FOLFIRINOX) are now available for perioperative treatment. Additionally, therapies with a broader mechanism of action are emerging (stroma depletion, immunotherapy, anti-inflammation), raising hopes for more effective adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment concepts, especially in the context of "borderline resectability". Only multidisciplinary approaches including radiology, surgery, medical and radiation oncology as the backbones of the treatment of potentially resectable PDAC may be able to further improve the rate of cure in the future.
Coupling and Reactions of Lignols and New Lignin Monomers: A Density Functional Theory Study (2020)

This perspective summarizes and compares computational results for the thermodynamics of bond dissociation, coupling, and rearomatization for a number of noncanonical lignin monomer–lignol combinations that have been found to occur experimentally. The noncanonical lignin monomers discussed are tricin, caffeyl alcohol, 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol, and piceatannol. Among dimeric combinations, the results for bond dissociation are generally similar, but in cases for which trimers have been reported (tricin-lignol adducts), this value can be quite variable, with stereochemical and structural preferences. Among the adducts examined thus far, the energies associated with quinone methide formation and rearomatization are not dissimilar and would not impede subsequent polymerization. These fundamental studies may help to elucidate how lignin monomers are incorporated into the lignin polymer, provide leads for targeted genetic modification, and be of use in deconstruction for the production of commodity chemicals.
A Study on Adoption of Indigenous Technical Knowledge Practices among Tribal Farmers in Kolli Hills (2021)

Objectives: To make a quantitative study of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) practices pertinent to crops grown in Kolli hills tribes in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu, India.&#x0D; Methods: The attempt was made to study the adoption level of the interpreted ITKs among Kolli hills tribes. The Kolli hill was picked purposively for its uniqueness in continuing their traditions age old practices in farming practices by the tribes. The present study has been carried out in the Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu state. The Namakkal district was administratively divided into seven taluks and fifteen blocks. Among these seven taluks and fifteen blocks, higher populations of tribes were seen at Kolli hills. For the selection of the respondents based on the proportionate random sampling technique and the data were collected from each respondent through personal interview method. The study was carried during 2019 with 150 respondents in highly populated villages of Kolli hills. The Adoption index was used to analyse the adoption level of the ITK’s by the tribes.&#x0D; Findings: More than half of the respondents (55.56 per cent) had a medium level of knowledge followed by high (25.10 per cent) and low (19.34 per cent) levels of knowledge on indigenous cultivation practices.&#x0D; Conclusion: Indigenous technical knowledge has a substantial heritage in agrarian civilization. The findings highlight the effectiveness of indigenous technical knowledge above its modern equivalent. Thus, extension workers should identify and incorporate them in the technology transfer action in order to ensure long-term or sustainable agricultural development.
Overcoming Distractions during Transitions from Break to Work using a Conversational Website-Blocking System (2019)

Work breaks--both physical and digital--play an important role in productivity and workplace wellbeing. Yet, the growing availability of digital distractions from online content can turn breaks into prolonged "cyberloafing". In this paper, we present UpTime, a system that aims to support workers' transitions from breaks back to work--moments susceptible to digital distractions. Combining a browser extension and chatbot, users interact with UpTime through proactive and reactive chat prompts. By sensing transitions from inactivity, UpTime helps workers avoid distractions by automatically blocking distracting websites temporarily, while still giving them control to take necessary digital breaks. We report findings from a 3-week comparative field study with 15 workers. Our results show that automatic, temporary blocking at transition points can significantly reduce digital distractions and stress without sacrificing workers' sense of control. Our findings, however, also emphasize that overloading users' existing communication channels for chatbot interaction should be done thoughtfully.
Cardiac surgery in a girl with trisomy 13 (2000)

We describe a profoundly retarded infant girl with multiple anomalies caused by trisomy 13. Due to heart failure, which was resistant to medical treatment, we closed successfully a ventricular septal defect at three months of age. She died at 10 months of age. Despite the short survival, we believe that the patient benefitted significantly from the surgical repair of her cardiac defect.
A general, regioselective synthesis of substituted benzocyclobutenedione monoacetals (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general, regioselective synthesis of substituted benzocyclobutenedione monoacetalsJames P. Edwards, Damian J. Krysan, and Lanny S. LiebeskindCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 15, 3942–3952Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00067a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00067a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the influence of crosslink density and penetrant size on the diffusion properties of silicone oils into silicone elastomers (2019)

Driven by the continuing discussion on safety and quality of silicone breast implants, they have turned into focus of this study with respect to the diffusivity of low molar mass components from the silicone gel filling into the silicone breast implant shell. Therefore, the diffusivity of silicone oils into silicone elastomers were analysed by means of the crosslink density and the penetrant size. The study was focused on the diffusion of the cyclic siloxanes Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and Dodecamethyl-cyclohexasiloxane (D6) due to their potential occurrence in silicone breast implants. The analysis of the diffusion behavior was carried out with silicone breast implant shells taken from explants and tailor-made silicone elastomer samples varying in crosslink density. Therefore, sorption experiments were performed. The subsequent evaluation of the sorption data yield to the corresponding diffusion properties. Based on the diffusion coefficient related to the crosslink density a model was developed to describe the material behavior.
Ultralow energy, integrated GeSi electroabsorption modulators on SOI (2008)

We report a waveguide-integrated, gigahertz GeSi electroabsorption modulator on SOI with a 10 dB extinction ratio at 1540 nm, a ultralow energy consumption of 50 fJ/bit, and an operation spectrum range of 1539-1553 nm.
Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure and of Jahn-Teller Distortions on the Magnetic Properties of RbFeF3 (1970)

The first-order transitions at ${T}_{1}=40$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and ${T}_{2}=87$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in RbFe${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ have been measured as a function of hydrostatic pressure and applied magnetic field. It was not possible to observe the ${T}_{N}=102$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K transition with a magnetic-susceptibility measurement. It was found that ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{1}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{a}})}_{p}=\frac{{0.35}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}}{\mathrm{kOe}}$, ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{2}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{a}})}_{p}=\frac{{0.19}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}}{\mathrm{kOe}}$, ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{1}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}P})}_{H}=\frac{{0.18}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}}{\mathrm{kbar}}$ and ${(\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{2}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}P})}_{H}=\frac{\ensuremath{-}{0.81}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}}{\mathrm{kbar}}$. These results correspond to latent heats of 0.006 and 0.04 cal/g at ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{2}$, respectively, and relative volume changes $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{V}_{1}}{{V}_{1}}=1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{V}_{2}}{{V}_{2}}=\ensuremath{-}22\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. It is pointed out that a Jahn-Teller distortion to tetragonal ($\frac{c}{a}&gt;1$) symmetry in the interval ${T}_{2}&lt;T&lt;{T}_{N}$ introduces a strong magnetoelastic coupling. This causes the heavy twinning that has been observed below ${T}_{N}$, and the resulting twinned structure is retained in the entire temperature interval $0&lt;T&lt;{T}_{N}$. In the temperature interval ${T}_{1}&lt;T&lt;{T}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}$-${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ interactions induce distortions to orthorhombic or tetragonal symmetries that are superimposed on the Jahn-Teller distortion. The orthorhombic distortion is cooperative across twin boundaries caused by the Jahn-Teller distortion and also permits spin canting, which introduces a ferromagnetic component below ${T}_{2}$. It is shown how the interplay of these distortions plus strong magnetoelastic coupling can explain the appearance of two sets of M\"ossbauer peaks below ${T}_{2}$ and results in macroscopic ferromagnetic components having cubic symmetry even though the microscopic crystallographic symmetry is "orthorhombic" (${T}_{1}&lt;T&lt;{T}_{2}$). The Jahn-Teller distortion changes to rhombohedral ($\ensuremath{\alpha}&lt;{60}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$) for $T&lt;{T}_{1}$; in combination with the existing orthorhombic structure, this produces monoclinic symmetry on a microscopic scale. Nevertheless, it is shown that the macroscopic magnetization retains its cubic symmetry, that the easy magnetization direction changes from $〈100〉$ to the $〈110〉$, that the apparent moment increases, and that there may still be two sets of M\"ossbauer peaks.
Measurement of theΥ(1S),Υ(2S), andΥ(3S)Polarizations inppCollisions ats=7  TeV (2013)

The polarizations of the Υ(1S), Υ(2S), and Υ(3S) mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV, using a data sample of Υ(nS) → μ +μ- decays collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb(-1). The dimuon decay angular distributions are analyzed in three different polarization frames. The polarization parameters λ[symbol see text], λ(φ), and λ([symbol see text]φ), as well as the frame-invariant quantity λ, are presented as a function of the Υ(nS) transverse momentum between 10 and 50 GeV, in the rapidity ranges |y|<0.6 and 0.6<|y|<1.2. No evidence of large transverse or longitudinal polarizations is seen in the explored kinematic region.
FSMI: Fast computation of Shannon mutual information for information-theoretic mapping (2020)

Exploration tasks are embedded in many robotics applications, such as search and rescue and space exploration. Information-based exploration algorithms aim to find the most informative trajectories by maximizing an information-theoretic metric, such as the mutual information between the map and potential future measurements. Unfortunately, most existing information-based exploration algorithms are plagued by the computational difficulty of evaluating the Shannon mutual information metric. In this article, we consider the fundamental problem of evaluating Shannon mutual information between the map and a range measurement. First, we consider 2D environments. We propose a novel algorithm, called the fast Shannon mutual information (FSMI). The key insight behind the algorithm is that a certain integral can be computed analytically, leading to substantial computational savings. Second, we consider 3D environments, represented by efficient data structures, e.g., an OctoMap, such that the measurements are compressed by run-length encoding (RLE). We propose a novel algorithm, called FSMI-RLE, that efficiently evaluates the Shannon mutual information when the measurements are compressed using RLE. For both the FSMI and the FSMI-RLE, we also propose variants that make different assumptions on the sensor noise distribution for the purpose of further computational savings. We evaluate the proposed algorithms in extensive experiments. In particular, we show that the proposed algorithms outperform existing algorithms that compute Shannon mutual information as well as other algorithms that compute the Cauchy–Schwarz quadratic mutual information (CSQMI). In addition, we demonstrate the computation of Shannon mutual information on a 3D map for the first time.
Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis physiopathology: State-of-the art and perspectives (2009)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic disease, and it is a major cause of disability and impaired quality of life in the elderly. A hallmark of the disease is progressive degeneration of articular cartilage and subsequent joint space narrowing. However, OA is a complex disease not limited to cartilage degeneration, but involving also synovial membrane and subchondral bone, thereby presenting alternatives approaches for treatment. In this paper, we propose a short review of the recent advances in the understanding of the role played by subchondral bone in OA.
The diffusion of language change in real time: Progressive and conservative individuals and the time depth of change (2011)

Abstract A major issue in the study of language change is the degree to which individual speakers participate in ongoing linguistic changes as these progress over time. In this study, we examine the hypothesis, suggested by research based on the apparent-time model, that in any given period most people are neither progressive nor conservative with regard to ongoing changes, but rather fall between these polarities. Our data come from the Corpus of Early English Correspondence, which spans over 270 years. A computational model was developed to establish which language users were progressive and which conservative with respect to several ongoing changes that progressed in real time between the early 15th and late 17th centuries. The changes studied ranged from morpheme replacements to more abstract structural patterns. Our results indicate that the degree to which language users participated in changes in progress depended on the type of language change analyzed, the stage of development of the change, and the rate of diffusion of the process over time. The model also enabled the identification of groups of leaders of linguistic change in Tudor and Stuart England.
Anterior Cervical Pseudarthrosis (1997)

A pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is frequently associated with a poor clinical outcome. Surgical repair of the pseudarthrosis with an anterior or posterior approach seems to have a high likelihood of a successful clinical outcome.
Magnetic Detection of Currents in an Electrolytic Cell Using High- $T_{\rm C}$ SQUID (2012)

A magneto-electrical cyclic voltammetry has been proposed and developed. This measurement method utilized three electrodes: a counter, a working, and a reference electrode, as the conventional voltammetry uses and the magnetic field by the currents were detected. Thus, the current distribution in the electrolyte cells during the voltammetry measurements could be visualized. In this work, the current in the cell was observed during the pulse voltammetry using the high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> SQUID with the normal pick-up coils. The pick-up coil was aligned parallel to the surface of the cell. Obtained magnetic signals could be related to the current measured by the conventional method.