gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPARα) in Non-Somatotroph Pituitary Tumours and the Effects of PPARα Agonists on MMQ Cells (2018)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) has been involved in the regulation of somatotroph tumour cells and may be targeted by different drugs, some of them are in current clinical use. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of PPARα in additional phenotypes of pituitary adenomas (PA), the relationship between PPARα and its potential molecular partner aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) in these tumours, and the effects of PPARα agonists on lactotroph cells. Seventy-five human PA - 57 non-functioning (NFPA) and 18 prolactinomas (PRL-PA) - were characterised for PPARα and AIP expression by real time RT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the effects of fenofibrate and WY 14 643 on MMQ cells were studied in vitro. PPARα was expressed in a majority of PA. PPARα immunostaining was observed in 93.7% PRL-PA vs. 60.6% NFPA (p=0.016), the opposite being found for AIP (83.3% in NFPA vs. 43.7% in PRL-PA, p=0.003). PPARα expression was unrelated to gonadotroph differentiation in NFPA, but positively correlated with tumour volume in PRL-PA. Both drugs significantly reduced MMQ cell growth at high concentrations (100-200 μM). At the same time, despite modest stimulating effects on PRL secretion were observed, these were overcome by the reduction in cell number. In conclusion, PPARα is commonly expressed by PRL-PA and NFPA, regardless of AIP, and may represent a new target of PPARα agonists.
Generating Socially Acceptable Perturbations for Efficient Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles (2020)

Deep reinforcement learning methods have been widely used in recent years for autonomous vehicle's decision-making. A key issue is that deep neural networks can be fragile to adversarial attacks or other unseen inputs. In this paper, we address the latter issue: we focus on generating socially acceptable perturbations (SAP), so that the autonomous vehicle (AV agent), instead of the challenging vehicle (attacker), is primarily responsible for the crash. In our process, one attacker is added to the environment and trained by deep reinforcement learning to generate the desired perturbation. The reward is designed so that the attacker aims to fail the AV agent in a socially acceptable way. After training the attacker, the agent policy is evaluated in both the original naturalistic environment and the environment with one attacker. The results show that the agent policy which is safe in the naturalistic environment has many crashes in the perturbed environment.
Satellite Links Integrated in 5G SDN-enabled Backhaul Networks: An Iterative Joint Power and Flow Assignment (2019)

While recent technological advances have focused on how to provide increased data rate in 5G Radio Access Network (RAN), very few attention has been paid on how the current microwave backhaul network can handle the transport of such huge traffic flows. In this paper, we address two key aspects for the efficient adaptation of the backhaul network to the upcoming SDN-enabled 5G wireless communications. First, we consider the availability of dedicated satellite links to off-load the traffic from the terrestrial backhaul links. These satellite links operate on the non-exclusive Ka band, which is shared with the terrestrial microwave backhaul links. Second, and given the interference limited scenario, we address the power control and flow assignment of the resulting satellite-terrestrial network. While most of the flow assignment works consider the link rates as fixed and given, here we provide a novel formulation which links the achievable link rates with the assigned transmission power. In particular, we propose an iterative joint power control and flow assignment which takes into account the long propagation delay imposed by the satellite links. We transform the resulting non-convex problem into a Geometric Programming (GP) problem, which can be optimally solved in an efficient way. Simulation results validate and demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach.
SPINK5 knockdown in organotypic human skin culture as a model system for Netherton syndrome: effect of genetic inhibition of serine proteases (2014)

Netherton Syndrome (NS) is a genetic skin disease resulting from defects in the SPINK5 gene, which encodes the protease inhibitor lympho-epithelial Kazal type inhibitor 1 (LEKTI). We established a SPINK5 knockdown skin model by transfecting SPINK5 small interfering RNA (siRNA) into normal human epidermal keratinocytes, which were used together with fibroblast-populated collagen gels to generate organotypic skin cultures. This model recapitulates some of the NS skin morphology: thicker, parakeratotic stratum corneum frequently detached from the underlying epidermis. Since enhanced serine protease activity has been implicated in the disease pathogenesis, we investigated the impact of the kallikreins KLK5 and KLK7 on the SPINK5 knockdown phenotype by generating double knockdowns in the organotypic model. Knockdown of KLK5 or KLK7 partially corrected the epidermal architecture: increased epidermal thickness and recovery of desmocollin1 (DSC1), Desmoglein 1 (DSG1) and (pro)filaggrin expression. Thus inhibition of serine proteases KLK5 and KLK7 could be therapeutically beneficial in NS.
Inhibition of Melanoma Growth by Small Molecules That Promote the Mitochondrial Localization of ATF2 (2013)

The imaging-based high-throughput screen provides a proof-of-concept for the identification of small molecules that block the oncogenic addiction to PKCε signaling by promoting ATF2 nuclear export, resulting in mitochondrial membrane leakage and melanoma cell death.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Formation of Carbon‐Carbon Bonds Through Metal Catalysis. The Zirconium‐Catalyzed Ethylmagnesation Reaction. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antibody-Mediated Immobilization of Cryptococcus neoformans Promotes Biofilm Formation (2009)

Most microbes, including the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, can grow as biofilms. Biofilms confer upon microbes a range of characteristics, including an ability to colonize materials such as shunts and catheters and increased resistance to antibiotics. Here, we provide evidence that coating surfaces with a monoclonal antibody to glucuronoxylomannan, the major component of the fungal capsular polysaccharide, immobilizes cryptococcal cells to a surface support and, subsequently, promotes biofilm formation. We used time-lapse microscopy to visualize the growth of cryptococcal biofilms, generating the first movies of fungal biofilm growth. We show that when fungal cells are immobilized using surface-attached specific antibody to the capsule, the initial stages of biofilm formation are significantly faster than those on surfaces with no antibody coating or surfaces coated with unspecific monoclonal antibody. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that biofilm growth was a dynamic process in which cells shuffled position during budding and was accompanied by emergence of planktonic variant cells that left the attached biofilm community. The planktonic variant cells exhibited mobility, presumably by Brownian motion. Our results indicate that microbial immobilization by antibody capture hastens biofilm formation and suggest that antibody coating of medical devices with immunoglobulins must exclude binding to common pathogenic microbes and the possibility that this effect could be exploited in industrial microbiology.
Structural Characterization of Corn Fiber Gums from Coarse and Fine Fiber and a Study of Their Emulsifying Properties (2007)

The stabilities of orange oil emulsions stabilized with various concentrations of two different types of corn fiber gum (CFG-1 and 2) isolated from coarse (pericarp) and fine (endosperm) fiber from corn wet milling have been studied. The emulsion stabilities in all these studies increased with increasing gum concentration up to a gum-to-oil ratio of 0.05, and after that it either levels off or changes very slightly. These results indicate that only 0.25% of CFG is required to make stable emulsion containing 5% orange oil under the experimental conditions used in this study. At this CFG concentration, CFG-2 from each fiber source was found to be a superior emulsifier relative to the corresponding CFG-1 from each source in a 10-day emulsion stability study at room temperature. The emulsion stability was also investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy measurement, and it was found that CFG-1 and 2 from both coarse and fine fiber made stable emulsions with an average particle size of less than 1 mum for 10 days at room temperature. Sugar composition analysis of CFGs from both sources indicated that they were typical galactoglucuronoarabinoxylans containing mainly 55-59% xylose, 29-36% arabinose, and 4-6% galactose as neutral sugars and 3-5% glucuronic acid. Methylation analysis revealed a highly branched structure of all CFGs, in which only 16-25% of the 1--> 4-linked xylose residues were not substituted at O-2 and/or O-3. Arabinose is present both as a terminal residue and at branch points.
Contact between water vapor and silicate surface causes abiotic formation of reactive oxygen species in an anoxic atmosphere (2023)

Spontaneous generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aqueous microdroplets or at a water vapor-silicate interface is a new source of redox chemistry. However, such generation occurs with difficulty in liquid water having a large ionic strength. We report that ROS is spontaneously produced when water vapor contacts hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups on a silicate surface. The evolution of hydrogen-bonded species such as hydroxyl groups was investigated by using two-dimensional, time-resolved FT-IR spectroscopy. The participation of water vapor in ROS generation is confirmed by investigating the reaction of D<sub>2</sub>O vapor and hydroxyl groups on a silicate surface. We propose a reaction pathway for ROS generation based on the change of the hydrogen-bonding network and corresponding electron transfer onto the silicate surface in the water vapor-solid contact process. Our observations suggest that ROS production from water vapor-silicate contact electrification could have contributed to oxidation during the Archean Eon before the Great Oxidation Event.
Anisotropy of electrical and optical properties in β-Ga2O3 single crystals (1997)

Anisotropy of electrical and optical properties in β-Ga2O3 single crystals has been investigated at room temperature. The conductivity and mobility of the degenerate sample along the direction of b and c axes are 38 Ω−1 cm−1, 46 cm2 V−1 s−1, and 2.2 Ω−1 cm−1, 2.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. The absorption edges of the insulating sample for light polarized E//b and E//c were 4.79 and 4.52 eV, respectively. The rate of the band gap widening with increasing carrier concentration was much larger for E//b than E//c. The origin of these properties are discussed by considering the crystal and electronic structure of β-Ga2O3.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis in Ionic Liquids: Batchwise and Continuous Flow Processes Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as the Mobile Phase. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immunohistochemical and mRNA Localization of the Angiotensin II Receptor Subtype 2 (AT2) in Follicular Granulosa Cells of the Rat Ovary (2004)

A local renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including specific angiotensin II receptor subtypes, is present in the rat ovary. Immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody and mRNA in situ hybridization were performed on perfusion-fixed, paraffin-embedded ovaries obtained from untreated sexually mature, normally cycling rats. Immunofluorescent staining revealed an exclusive and distinct labeling of follicular granulosa cells showing a plaque-like expression pattern at the cell borders, being detectable in different stages of atretic degeneration. On adjacent sections the expression of the respective mRNA could be shown in granulosa cells of the same follicle. The AT2 receptor may be implicated in the ovarian atretic process by influencing follicular cell-cell communication.
Second harmonic generation in GaAs-on-insulator waveguides fabricated at the wafer-scale (2019)

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is demonstrated with unprecedented efficiency for a single-pass device. Modal phase-matching in GaAs-on-insulator waveguides is used to convert a 2.0 $\mu$m transverse-electric polarized pump to a 1.0 $\mu$m transverse-magnetic polarized signal with an efficiency of 40 W$^{-1}$ in a length of 2.9 mm. The FWHM bandwidth of the signal is 0.5 nm, and efficient SHG is demonstrated over a temperature range of 45 $^{\circ}$C. Devices are fabricated on 76 mm wafers with high uniformity and the loss at the signal wavelength is reduced by minimizing the surface defect states. Wafer-bonding between GaAs and SiO$_2$ is optimized to minimize waveguide loss, and SHG conversion efficiency tolerance to fabrication variation is studied.
„Grundgerüstwechsel” (Scaffold-Hopping) durch topologische Pharmakophorsuche: ein Beitrag zum virtuellen Screening (1999)

Eine chemisch gestützte Templatsuche (CATS=chemically advanced template search), die auf topologischen Pharmakophor-Modellen basiert, wurde als Arbeitstechnik für virtuelles Screening entwickelt. Mit dieser Methode gelang es, auf der Grundlage einer Korrelationsvektordarstellung in einer Bibliothek von mehreren hunderttausend Verbindungen erfolgreich neue wirksame Ca2+-Antagonisten wie 2 zu identifizieren, die eine ähnliche Aktivität wie 1 (ein bekannter T-Kanal-Blocker) haben.
Traumatic leaflet injury: comparison of porcine leaflet self-expandable and bovine leaflet balloon-expandable prostheses (2017)

Post-deployment leaflet injury occurred in both types of prostheses. However, alteration of the global and local hydraulic conductance was important in the bovine pericardium balloon-expandable prostheses.
New Functionalities: Complexes of Gum Arabic with Whey Proteins (2011)

The formation of complexes and coacervates in protein/polysaccharide mixtures results from net attractive forces arising between the macromolecules. Very often these forces are primarily long-range electrostatic interactions occurring when both macromolecules carry opposite net negative charges. Once electrostatic complexes are formed, additional short-range interactions such as hydrophobic, hydrogen or covalent bonds can be formed. The first description of electrostatic complex formation followed by a macroscopic phase separation into a concentrated and a dilute phase was made by Bungenderg de Jong for the gelatine/gum arabic system.
Crosslinked polymers based on monomers derived from renewable resources and their application potential (2023)

Abstract Possible structural variation of a bio‐based dimethacrylate derived from oleic acid and ethylene glycol is discussed as well as sources to obtain the starting material for manufacturing this monomer. Introduction of an aromatic structure either as a bridge between the two ester structures formed or as a substituent is expected to influence the properties of both the monomer and polymer made of it, for example, by photoinitiated polymerization. Furthermore, aspects influencing the transfer of a new product are included in the discussion as well to increase the interest of researchers working in the industry on manufacturing a new product and its development for the market.
Vapor Compression Refrigeration System for Space Exploration (2022)

Food preservation is going to be a key need for long term human space flight and vapor compression cooling technology is considered to be a leading enabler to preserve food. This research underlines the key benefits of vapor compression refrigeration systems for space applications considering the energy efficiency, weight of the system, overall space management, scalability and most importantly reliability of the system. Major concerns with vapor compression systems are related to liquid floodback on the compressor and based on the learning from parabolic flight tests and an inclinable test stand, this said system tries to address liquid floodback related challenges by employing design modifications especially in the region of variable speed compressor working logic with help of suction line heat exchanger. The paper will also provide a future roadmap to optimize system weight, temperature of application, energy efficiency, reliability of the system, and scalability using a &#x201C;Yardstick&#x201D; approach which can provide different specifications for storage capacity. The research conducted did not consider other refrigeration system technologies. Additionally, a prototype vapor compression compartment that would fit several International Space Station (ISS) drawer sizes is presented.
High p‐type doping level of MgZnCdSe on InP substrates by inserting ZnTe thin layers (2006)

Abstract A novel p‐type doping method for MgZnCdSe on InP substrates was proposed. In this method, highly p‐type‐doped thin layers, such as N‐doped ZnTe, are inserted at proper intervals into MgZnCdSe layers. The inserted thin layer emits holes and the p‐type coduction was achieved. ZnCdSe/ZnTe superlattices (SLs), where thin p‐type‐doped ZnTe layers were periodically inserted, were grown on InP substrates by molecuar beam epitaxy. When the ratio of ZnTe layer thickness to one insertion period was 0.17, the net acceptor cocentration (N A ‐N D ) value reached 8.0 × 10 17 cm –3 . This value was more than one order of magnitude greater than that of a simple N‐doped ZnCdSe layer (3.5 × 10 16 cm –3 ). To obtain wide bandgap p‐type materials, MgSe/ZnCdSe/ZnTe SLs were fabricated. N A ‐N D values from 4.7 × 10 17 to 8.0 × 10 17 cm –3 were observed for samples with bandgap energies from 2.33 to 2.04 eV. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Auger-mediated radiative recombination in three-dimensional silicon/silicon-germanium nanostructures (2008)

In a semiconductor heterostructure with type II energy band alignment, the spatial separation between electrons and holes slows down their radiative recombination. With increasing excitation intensity, Auger recombination quickly becomes the dominate recombination channel, and it produces carrier ejection from the quantum well. Here, we show that in Si/SiGe three-dimensional nanostructures, this efficient process facilitates the formation of an electron-hole plasma (EHP) and/or electron-hole droplets (EHDs) in thin Si barriers separating SiGe clusters. In contrast to conventional, strongly temperature dependent and slow radiative carrier recombination in bulk Si, this EHD/EHP luminescence in nanometer-thick Si layers is found to be nearly temperature independent with radiative lifetime approaching 10^-8 s, which is only slightly slower than that found in direct band gap III-V semiconductors.
Integration of Block-Copolymer with Nano-Imprint Lithography: Pushing the Boundaries of Emerging Nano-Patterning Technology. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Performance of shockwave-based shooter localization under model misspecification (2010)

This paper considers the estimation of shooter locations using a sensor network where each sensor measures the time difference between receptions of a firearm's muzzle blast and a bullet's shockwave. This recently proposed approach has the advantages of reduced hardware complexity and not requiring time synchronization between sensors. The disadvantages are increased computational complexity and a requirement to know the bullet's velocity at all points along the trajectory. This paper proposes to eliminate these disadvantages by intentionally adopting an incorrect model that assumes a constant bullet velocity. The model misspecification naturally induces bias in subsequent maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs). We explore the performance impact of the model misspecification through analytical derivation of the bias and variance of the pseudo MLE. The analytic results are applied to several realistic firearm models and corroborated with simulations.
An exploratory study of adolescent response to fluoxetine using psychological and biological predictors (2018)

In this exploratory study, the most significant contributor to non-response was Type D personality. However, the measurement of Type D was not prospective, and thus may be confounded with psychiatric morbidity. The measurement of personality in psychiatric settings may contribute to the understanding of treatment response and have clinical utility.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIDO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINES. IV. SYNTHETIC STUDIES LEADING TO VARIOUS OXOPYRIDO(2,3‐D)PYRIMIDINES (1976)

Abstract Aus den 6‐Amino‐uracilen (Ia)‐(Id) erhält man mit Acetylendicarbonsäureester (II), z.Tl. über isolierbare Zwischenstufen, die Cyclisierungsprodukte (IIIa)‐(IIId).
An Autonomous Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting IC Based on a Synchronous Multi-Shot Technique (2014)

This paper presents a fully autonomous integrated circuit (IC) dedicated to piezoelectric harvesters. The novel Multi-Shot Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (MS-SECE) performed by the IC optimizes the energy transfer from a highly charged piezoelectric harvester to a low voltage storage element. The system deals with piezoelectric powers in the 10 μW to 1 mW range and handles very high piezoelectric voltage values ( >100 V) thanks to the off-chip components around the IC. The IC has been fabricated in AMS 0.35 μm 3.3 V technology and its low power consumption (1 μW @ 5 Hz) is particularly suitable for low frequency harvesters. MS-SECE increases the extracted power compared to the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique but it also improves the efficiency by up to 25% compared to standard SECE. Furthermore, MS-SECE allows the use of small off-chip components: an efficiency of 61% has been reached with a 125 mm 3 coupled-inductor. Finally, the proposed power management circuit self-starts, works without any battery and its overall volume is expected to be less than 1 cm 3 .
High energy diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser for ns-pulses (2008)

Nanosecond multi-pass amplification to the 1.7J-level based on diode-pumped Yb:YAG has been achieved. Applying a pump power of 26kW a quasi-CW peak output power of 4.5kW at a duty cycle of 0.1% has been obtained.
FFT Algorithms Implementation for Real Time GNSS Receivers in Embedded Processors (2016)

“Software-radio is an emerging technology, which seeks to build flexible radio systems, multi-service, multi-band, multi-standard, reconfigurable, and reprogrammable by software.” This definition, borrowed from [1], [2] perfectly describes the key concept behind the software-defined radio (SDR) design paradigm. This permits most of the components that are traditionally designed as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) to be replaced with signal processing algorithms running in software. Numerous wireless communication systems have benefited from the advent of SDR, and research continues to be done to fully develop the concept and its reach; Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are no exception.