gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Opioid Stewardship in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review (2018)

Objective The United States is facing an epidemic of opioid addiction. Deaths from opioid overdose have quadrupled in the past 15 years and now surpass annual deaths during the height of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. There is a link between opioid prescriptions after surgery, opioid misuse, opioid diversion, and use of other drugs of abuse. As surgeons, otolaryngologists contribute to this crisis. Our objective is to outline the risk of abuse from opioids in the management of acute postoperative pain in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) and strategies to avoid misuse. Data Sources PubMed/MEDLINE. Review Methods We conducted a review of the literature on the rate of opioid abuse after surgery, methods of safe opioid use, and strategies to minimize the dangers of opioids. Conclusions Otolaryngologists have a responsibility to treat pain. This begins preoperatively by discussing perioperative pain control and developing a personalized pain control plan. Patients should be aware that opioids carry significant risks of adverse events and abuse. Perioperative use of multimodal nonopioid agents enables pain control and avoidance of opioids in many otolaryngologic cases. When this approach is inadequate, opioids should be used in short duration under close surveillance. Institutional standards for opioid prescribing after common procedures can minimize misuse. Implications for Practice Otolaryngologists need to acknowledge the potential harm that opioids cause. It is essential that we evaluate our practices to ensure that opioids are used responsibly. Furthermore, opioid stewardship should become a priority in otolaryngology.
Repurposing Anthelmintics: Rafoxanide- and Copper-Functionalized SBA-15 Carriers against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2023)

The development of materials that can more efficiently administer antimicrobial agents in a controlled manner is urgently needed due to the rise in microbial resistance to traditional antibiotics. While new classes of antibiotics are developed and put into widespread usage, existing, inexpensive compounds can be repurposed to fight bacterial infections. Here, we present the synthesis of amine-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica nanomaterials with physisorbed rafoxanide (RFX), a commonly used salicylanilide anthelmintic, and anchored Cu(II) ions that exhibit enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against the pathogenic bacterium <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The synthesized nanomaterials are structurally characterized by a combination of physicochemical, thermal, and optical methods. Additionally, release studies are carried out in vitro to determine the effects of pH and the synthetic sequence used to produce the materials on Cu(II) ion release. Our results indicate that SBA-15 mesoporous silica nanocarriers loaded with Cu(II) and RFX exhibit 10 times as much bactericidal action against wild-type <i>S. aureus</i> as the nanocarrier loaded with only RFX. Furthermore, the synthetic sequence used to produce the nanomaterials could significantly affect (enhance) their bactericidal efficacy.
Sensing of Passing Vehicles Using a Lane Marker on a Road With Built-In Thin-Film MI Sensor and Power Source (2004)

In a field test, we demonstrated the sensing of passing vehicles, using onroad lane markers with a built-in magneto impedance (MI) sensor and a self-contained power source. The vehicle-sensing rate was 100% in the field test and we found that the lane marker could detect vehicles with a high degree of accuracy. A thin-film MI sensor, which is very sensitive to small external magnetic fields, an analog circuit for driving/processing, and a digital circuit with EEPROM memory for storing the number of passing vehicles were incorporated into a thin aluminum plate marker. The lane marker also had a self-contained power source, consisting of a secondary battery and a solar battery, which eliminated the need for an external power supply.
ARCHoN: Adaptive range control of hotzone cells in heterogeneous cellular networks (2012)

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are typified by cellular deployments with multiple types of cells of different sizes and overlapping coverage areas using a common frequency band. Especially, hotzone cells overlaid on a macrocell to cover hotspot areas are expected to prevail in HetNets, thus cost-effectively enhancing cellular capacity via spatial reuse of spectrum resource and offloading macrocells. In order to fully achieve such benefits, users need to be properly distributed/assigned to the overlaid hotzone cells such that the radio resources therein are fully utilized. To this end, we propose a new architecture called Adaptive Range Control of Hotzone Cells for Heterogeneous Networks (ARCHoN) that jointly controls the radio resource allocations and ranges of OFDMA-based hotzone cells. The use of cell ranges for distributing users in ARCHoN is advantageous in that it can be implemented within a conventional cell-selection framework without modifying user devices or an air interface. In ARCHoN, each cell allocates users radio (frequency, time and power) resources in a non-cooperative manner, deriving a sequence of allocations monotonically decreasing the entire load. For range control, two algorithms are proposed: per-cell and universal, which have a tradeoff between performance and computational complexity. The solution yielded by the combination of these radio resource and range control algorithms is analytically proven to converge to a unique fixed point. Our in-depth evaluation has shown ARCHoN to significantly improve the service quality of users; in an example simulation scenario, ARCHoN is shown to improve the signal-to-interference and noise ratios (SINRs) of users, on average, by up to 3.5 dB in downlink and 18.8 dB in uplink, over the case of the conventional handover framework.
Induction of Twins in Different Breeds of Cattle (1982)

Two experiments were conducted examining bilateral transfer of Hereford × Angus crossbred embryos to Angus, Hereford and Hereford × Angus crossbred recipients. In Exp. 1, both virgin heifers and parous cows were used as recipients; in Exp. 2, only virgin heifers were used. No differences in production of twins due to breed of recipient was observed. In Exp. 1, heifers had as high a twinning rate and proportion of pregnancies carried to term as cows. About 9% of the heifers in Exp. 2 experienced late gestation abortion (based on recipients pregnant at 42 d), a problem which was not observed among heifers in Exp. 1. No association between body weight at transfer and abortion was observed. Twin pregnancy was associated with a higher incidence of retained placentas (Exp. 1, P<.05; Exp. 2, P<.10), lower birth weight/calf (P<.01 in both experiments) and shorter gestation period (P<.01 in both experiments). Calf mortality at birth was similar among twins and singles and, in Exp. 2, a lower (P<.02) incidence of dystocia was observed among heifers giving birth to twins than among those with single calves. The results of these experiments indicate that both beef heifers and beef cows of three common breed types are capable of maintaining twin pregnancies and successfully producing twins.
Novel Leptospira interrogans protein Lsa32 is expressed during infection and binds laminin and plasminogen (2015)

Pathogenic Leptospira is the aetiological agent of leptospirosis, a life-threatening disease of human and veterinary concern. The quest for novel antigens that could mediate host-pathogen interactions is being pursued. Owing to their location, these antigens have the potential to elicit numerous activities, including immune response and adhesion. This study focuses on a hypothetical protein of Leptospira, encoded by the gene LIC11089, and its three derived fragments: the N-terminal, intermediate and C terminus regions. The gene coding for the full-length protein and fragments was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(SI) strain by using the expression vector pAE. The recombinant protein and fragments tagged with hexahistidine at the N terminus were purified by metal affinity chromatography. The leptospiral full-length protein, named Lsa32 (leptospiral surface adhesin, 32 kDa), adheres to laminin, with the C terminus region being responsible for this interaction. Lsa32 binds to plasminogen in a dose-dependent fashion, generating plasmin when an activator is provided. Moreover, antibodies present in leptospirosis serum samples were able to recognize Lsa32. Lsa32 is most likely a new surface protein of Leptospira, as revealed by proteinase K susceptibility. Altogether, our data suggest that this multifaceted protein is expressed during infection and may play a role in host-L. interrogans interactions.
Improving the Image: 5D Interpolation and COV Gathering of a MegaBin™ Survey (2009)

Using new processing technologies, it has become possible to improve the images and usefulness of MegaBinTM 3D seismic surveys shot in areas of limited structure such as the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Two technologies are examined here: 5D interpolation and pre-stack time migration (PreSTM) of Common Offset Vectors (COV’s). MegaBin surveys are designed to be interpolated. The new 5D interpolation method allows the interpolation of these surveys pre-stack, preserving azimuthal and offset amplitude variations. Thus it is a natural extension to the MegaBin processing workflow. This technology is tested on a well-shot 3D seismic survey from the WCSB, where the data can be decimated to produce a MegaBin geometry. These decimated data are then interpolated and compared to the original data, both post-stack and pre-stack. COV’s are natural tools that allow the maintenance of azimuth and offset information through migration. They are used on wide-azimuth surveys, such as a MegaBin, in order to retain the azimuth and offset information for later azimuthal analysis, such as seismic fracture detection. The migration of COV’s is tested on this dataset to make certain that this technology, especially when combined with 5D interpolation, produces images that are comparable to those generated by conventional PreSTM.
Three-dimensional modeling of the cochlea by use of an arc fitting approach (2016)

Purpose: A cochlea modeling approach is presented allowing for a user defined degree of geometry simplification which automatically adjusts to the patient specific anatomy. Model generation can be performed in a straightforward manner due to error estimation prior to the actual generation, thus minimizing modeling time. Therefore, the presented technique is well suited for a wide range of applications including finite element analyses where geometrical simplifications are often inevitable. Methods: The method is presented for n=5 cochleae which were segmented using a custom software for increased accuracy. The linear basilar membrane cross sections are expanded to areas while the scalae contours are reconstructed by a predefined number of arc segments. Prior to model generation, geometrical errors are evaluated locally for each cross section as well as globally for the resulting models and their basal turn profiles. The final combination of all reconditioned features to a 3D volume is performed in Autodesk Inventor using the loft feature. Results: Due to the volume generation based on cubic splines, low errors could be achieved even for low numbers of arc segments and provided cross sections, both of which correspond to a strong degree of model simplification. Model generation could be performed in a time efficient manner. Conclusion: The proposed simplification method was proven to be well suited for the helical cochlea geometry. The generated output data can be imported into commercial software tools for various analyses representing a time efficient way to create cochlea models optimally suited for the desired task.
Smart Voltage-Source Inverters With a Novel Approach to Enhance Neutral-Current Compensation (2018)

The presence of a neutral current is quite common in three-phase (3P) four-wire (4W) distribution systems due to an unequal distribution of linear and nonlinear single-phase (1P) loads and small distributed generators. However, a high neutral current can overload the neutral conductor and distribution transformer, which can cause electrical safety concerns and even fire. Among several existing neutral current compensators, the 3P four-leg (4L) voltage-source inverter (VSI) provides better control flexibility and more efficient performance than the passive compensators but requires a higher VSI capacity for the fourth-leg operation. To provide a solution to the aforementioned problem, this paper presents a novel control method to utilize the available capacity of a 3P-4L VSI after active and reactive power regulation to enhance the neutral-current compensation. A smart VSI (SVSI) is designed to operate with a solar photovoltaic unit, regulate the ac side voltage, and minimize the neutral current. Case studies are conducted with actual load data from a commercial building in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment. The designed system with the proposed control method can provide a significant improvement in the neutral-current compensation, phase balancing, and unbalance factor compared to a fixed-capacity 3P-4L SVSI. Experimental results using a TMS320F28335 digital signal processor microcontroller and modified Semiteach 3P-4L inverter are presented to verify the robustness of the designed controller and the enhancement to the neutral-current compensation using the proposed dynamic capacity-control method.
Dispersion mechanism of aggregate particles in air. (1979)

Possible dispersion mechanisms of aggregate particles in air stream were proposed and their contribution to dispersion was studied by analyzing the dispersion forces. Various typical dispersers were tested to observe the change in size distribution and some of the theoretical analyses were verified. Impact of particles on some obstacles in air stream and acceleration or deceleration of irregular-shaped aggregates were found as a result, to be effective in aggregate dispersion.
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Targeting Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)–MHC Complex with CAR T-Cell Therapy for Liver Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure Legends for Sup. Figures 1-9 and Sup. Table 1&lt;/p&gt;
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Rectum: A Case Report of a Rare Disorder (2013)

Purpose: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the GI tract is a rare malignancy with a far lower incidence than primary adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the GI tract. Schmidtmann described the first case in 1919 by presenting a squamous cell carcinoma of the large intestine localized to the cecum. Of the locations described in literature, primary rectal SCC tumors were the most frequent, followed by the right colon. Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum has an incidence 0.1 per 1000 colorectal carcinomas, with fewer than one hundred cases described in literature since 1919. The patient is a 50-year-old male with PMH significant for HIV off HAART and no history of AIDS defining illness, who presented to the ED with complaint left-sided pain, mid abdominal tenderness, and constipation with significant straining to use the bathroom and dark/bloody stools. He reported he had an external rectal condyloma removed four months prior to admission. The patient noted 10 pounds weight loss over last four months. The patient noticed significant constipation, thin stools and in the last month dark blood with bowel movements (never occurred prior), and has had increasing abdominal pain initially mid epigastric, 5/10 aching, but then progressed to right upper abdomen and then diffuse. He had his first occurrence of bright red blood with bowel movement, which prompted admission. The patient's vitals were stable, and on exam, his abdomen was significant for distention, tenderness to mid-epigastric region, hepatomegaly, external hemorrhoids, and guaiac-positive stool. Other systems were normal. Laboratory results were significant for hemoglobin of 7.3 g/dl, albumin of 2.8 g/dl, and corrected calcium of 13.8 mg/dl. Computed tomography (CT) revealed perirectal mass, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and multiple hepatic masses. Colonoscopy with approximately 4 cm non-obstructing firm and friable mass located at the junction of the anal canal and rectum. Rectal mass pathology consistent with invasive, poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with basaloid features. Due to advanced stages and aggressive nature of his cancer, the patient was started on palliative radiation with 45 Gy in 15 fractions to the anus and 30 Gy in 15 fractions to the liver. Prognosis has been reported very poor in this case.Figure
Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation (2021)

Scintillators emit visible luminescence when irradiated with X-rays. Given the unlimited tissue penetration of X-rays, the employment of scintillators could enable remote optogenetic control of neural functions at any depth of the brain. Here we show that a yellow-emitting inorganic scintillator, Ce-doped Gd<sub>3</sub>(Al,Ga)<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (Ce:GAGG), can effectively activate red-shifted excitatory and inhibitory opsins, ChRmine and GtACR1, respectively. Using injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior. Ce:GAGG microparticles are non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, allowing for chronic implantation. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level is sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables minimally invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals, expanding X-ray applications to functional studies of biology and medicine.
Georges Perec's geographies : material, performative and textual spaces (2019)

Georges Perec, novelist, filmmaker and essayist, was one of the most inventive and original writers of the twentieth century. A fascinating aspect of his work is its intrinsically geographical nature. With major projects on space and place, Perec’s writing speaks to a variety of geographical, urban and architectural concerns, both in a substantive way, including a focus on cities, streets, homes and apartments, and in a methodological way, experimenting with methods of urban exploration and observation, classification, enumeration and taxonomy. Georges Perec’s Geographies is the first book to offer a rounded picture of Perec’s geographical interests. Divided into two parts, Part I, Perec’s Geographies, explores the geographies within Perec’s work in film, literature and radio, from descriptions of streets to the spaces of his texts, while Part II, Perecquian Geographies, explores geographies in a range of material and metaphorical forms, including photographic essays, soundscapes, theatre, dance and writing, created by those directly inspired by Perec. Georges Perec’s Geographies extends the body of Perec criticism beyond Literary and French Studies to disciplines including Geography, Urban Studies, Planning and Architecture to offer a complete and systematic examination of Georges Perec’s geographies. The diversity of readings and approaches will be of interest not only to Perec readers and fans but to students and researchers across these subjects.
Polar fluctuations in Mn substituted KTaO3 ceramics (2010)

Polar fluctuations were found in KTaO3 when K+ was substituted with Mn2+ on the A-site. The temperature dependence of the real part of the dielectric permittivity of (K1−2xMnx◻x)TaO3 ceramics (x=0–0.05) shows a diffuse maximum between 50–100 K in the frequency range 102–106 Hz, shifting to higher temperature with increasing frequency and Mn content. The results are analyzed using a modified Curie–Weiss law, the Cole–Cole equation and the Arrhenius law. Here it is suggested that the observed relaxor-type dielectric behavior is attributed to the formation of electric dipoles originating from two distinct sources; one from an atomic off-center position when Mn2+ substitutes for K+ and one from the anion deficiencies formed by these aliovalent substitutions.
Process window discovery methodology for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography (2019)

With the adoption of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography in high volume manufacturing (HVM) to enable the sub-7nm scaling roadmap, defect characterization brings new challenges and learnings. Traditional approaches to process window discovery (PWD) methodology developed<sup>2,3,4</sup> using broadband plasma optical inspection also hold in the realm of EUV lithography. Although there is substantial depth of focus for regular patterns, focus continues to be an important modulation parameter for logic patterns. Dose is an important modulation parameter especially due to stochastic defects.<sup>1</sup> Further, overlay is another important parameter when it comes to hybrid integration schemes such as self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP) and EUV block patterning, for example, in BEOL layers. In this paper, we will discuss PWD results on a foundry N5 equivalent M2 layer, studying both SAQP and block integration with direct EUV patterning. We also demonstrate the impact of EUV stochastics to the overall process window and develop useful analysis methodologies.
Concentration Threshold for Membrane Protection by PEO–PPO Block Copolymers with Variable Molecular Architectures (2022)

Poloxamer 188, a poly(ethylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-poly(propylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymer, protects cell membranes in several injury models. However, the nature of the copolymer/membrane interaction and the mechanism of membrane protection remain unknown. Systematic variations of the block copolymer architecture - including PPO-PEO-PPO triblocks and PPO-PEO diblocks - were used to probe the mechanism and evaluate the potential for alternative architectures to yield superior protection. To test the polymers, murine myoblasts were subjected to an osmotic stress, and membrane integrity was quantified by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. These experiments exposed a concentration threshold effect where all tested polymers reach 50% leakage of LDH compared to a non-treated buffer only control over a narrow concentration range of 0.8-4 μM. Differences in polymer protection at lower concentrations indicate that protection increases with the PPO-PEO-PPO molecular architecture and increasing hydrophobicity.
Smartphone-based imaging systems for medical applications: a critical review (2021)

A holistic assessment of SBI systems must include interpretation of their value for intended clinical settings and how their implementations enable better workflow. A set of six guidelines are proposed to evaluate appropriateness of smartphone utilization in terms of clinical context, completeness, compactness, connectivity, cost, and claims. Ongoing work should prioritize realistic clinical assessments with quantitative and qualitative comparison to non-smartphone systems to clearly demonstrate the value of smartphone-based systems. Improved hardware design to accommodate the rapidly changing smartphone ecosystem, creation of open-source image acquisition and analysis pipelines, and adoption of robust calibration techniques to address phone-to-phone variability are three high priority areas to move SBI research forward.