gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical relevance of integrin alpha 4 in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (2018)

The molecular mechanisms for the dissemination and metastasis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are incompletely understood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical relevance of integrin alpha 4 (ITGA4) expression in GIST. GIST transcriptomes were first compared with transcriptomes of other types of cancer and histologically normal gastrointestinal tract tissue in the MediSapiens in silico database. ITGA4 was identified as an unusually highly expressed gene in GIST. Therefore, the effects of ITGA4 knock-down and selective integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4) inhibitors on tumour cell proliferation and invasion were investigated in three GIST cell lines. In addition, the prognostic role of ITGA4 expression in cancer cells was investigated in a series of 147 GIST patients with immunohistochemistry. Inhibition of ITGA4-related signalling decreased GIST cell invasion in all investigated GIST cell lines. ITGA4 protein was expressed in 62 (42.2%) of the 147 GISTs examined, and expression was significantly associated with distant metastases during the course of the disease and several adverse prognostic features. Patients whose GIST expressed strongly ITGA4 had unfavourable GIST-specific survival and overall survival compared to patients with low or no ITGA4 expression. Taken together, ITGA4 is an important integrin in the molecular pathogenesis of GIST and may influence their clinical behaviour.
Optical properties and distribution of stratospheric aerosols (2002)

Stratospheric aerosols significantly influence both the Earth's climate and the chemical composition of the stratosphere. Volcanic aerosols injected into the stratosphere, due to large volcanic eruptions, further enhance the effect on the climate and possibly lead to ozone depletion in the middle latitude stratosphere. The authors studies focus primarily on the change in the distribution of stratospheric aerosols before and after volcanic activity. The particle backscatter and other properties of stratospheric aerosols are studied to describe their variations. The Penn State Rayleigh/Raman lidar utilizes a Nd:YAG laser transmitting at both the doubled (532 nm) and tripled (355 nm) frequencies. The detector is equipped with separate channels to measure the low and high altitude signals from both the 532 nm and 355 nm as well as the Raman shifted returns due to N/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/O (660 nm and 607 nm). The LAMP lidar was first deployed on board the RV Polarstem during the LADIMAS campaign and has since been in operation in the United States. Scattering due to stratospheric aerosols from volcanic activity has been studied across different latitudes and over time. The effects due to Mt. Pinatubo (Philippines) and Mt. Hudson (Chile) eruptions have been compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of amino acid transport system L in HTB-41 human salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cells. (2008)

The transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids into the HTB-41 human submaxillary salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cells are mediated by LAT1.
Extremal traffic and bounds for the mean delay of multiplexed regulated traffic streams (2003)

In this paper, we present simple performance bounds for multiplexed regulated traffic streams, which are leaky-bucket regulated with peak, mean rate and burst size constraints. We consider independent, heterogeneous streams, which are multiplexed in a common buffer. We derive bounds on the mean delay in the deterministic context and we then obtain a simple stochastic bound, which is exact when the number of sources increases. A byproduct is a characterization of the worst case sources for mean delay, when they are leaky bucket regulated.
Supplementary material for: Sorting Points Into Neighborhoods (SPIN): Data Analysis and Visualization by Ordering Distance Matrices (2005)

Table 1 summarizes the parameters and running times for some examples given in this article. The results may depend on the starting permutation and several restarts are sometimes needed to find the global minimum. However, one of the strengths of SPIN is that from a practical point of view, convergence to the global minimum is often not necessary. In most cases the local minima reached by SPIN are almost as informative for extracting structural information. Proofs for the STS algorithm Complexity We prove that the STS problem is NP-Complete by finding a reduction from the STS problem to the well known, NP-complete, problem of proving that a graph contains a clique of size k [Garey and Johnson, 1979]. Let G =&amp;lt; V, E&amp;gt; be an (undirected) graph on n vertices. Define D as follows:
Total Synthesis of (+)-Acutiphycin (2007)

Synthetic studies toward the total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin (1) resulted in the discovery of additive-free, highly regioselective nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of aldehydes and 1,6-enynes and the construction of an advanced intermediate in studies directed toward the synthesis of 1. Ultimately, although not employing the nickel-catalyzed reaction, a highly convergent total synthesis of (+)-acutiphycin featuring an intermolecular SmI2-mediated Reformatsky coupling reaction and macrolactonization initiated by a retro-ene reaction of an alkoxyalkyne was achieved. The resulting synthesis was 18 steps in the longest linear sequence from either methyl acetoacetate or isobutyraldehyde.
Expression of enzymes involved in synthesis and metabolism of estradiol in human breast as studied by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. (2009)

It is well documented that human breast is actively involved in the local formation of estrogens. To determine the site(s) of action of enzymes involved in synthesis and metabolism of the most potent estrogen estradiol (E2), we have studied the expression of the following enzymes: 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HSD), 17beta-HSD types 1, 2, 5, 7 and 12, aromatase, steroid sulfatase (STS) and estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) 1E1 at the cellular level in breast. Both in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry were used for enzyme localization in normal breast tissues. For immunocytochemistry, we used rabbit antibodies, while in situ hybridization studies were performed using (35S)-labeled cRNA probes. Similar results were obtained with both approaches. All the enzymes (3beta-HSD; 17beta-HSD types 1, 5, 7 and 12; aromatase) involved in the conversion of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to E2 as well as STS which converts estradiol sulfate (E2-S) to E2 have been found to be expressed in epithelial cells of acini and/or ducts as well as the stromal cells. Moreover, 17beta-HSD type 2 and EST1E1, two enzymes which inactivate E2, have been also localized in the same cell types. The present results indicate the enzymes which play a role in the synthesis and metabolism of E2 are expressed in both epithelial and stromal cells in human breast.
Compressive adaptation of large steerable arrays (2012)

We consider the problem of adapting very large antenna arrays (e.g., with 1000 elements or more) for tasks such as beamforming and nulling, motivated by emerging applications at very high carrier frequencies in the millimeter (mm) wave band and beyond, where the small wavelengths make it possible to pack a very large number of antenna elements (e.g., realized as a printed circuit array) into nodes with compact form factors. Conventional least squares techniques, which rely on access to baseband signals for individual array elements, do not apply. Hence the preferred approach is to perform radio frequency (RF) beamsteering, with a single complex baseband signal emerging from a receive array, or going into a transmit array. Further, we are interested in what can be achieved with coarse-grained control of individual elements (e.g., four-phase, or even binary phase, control). In this paper, we propose an adaptation architecture matched to these hardware constraints. Our approach comprises the following two steps. The first step is compressive estimation of a sparse spatial channel using a small number of measurements, each using a different set of randomized weights. However, unlike the standard compressive sensing formulation, we are interested in estimating continuous- valued parameters such as the angles of arrivals of various paths. The second step is quantized beamsteering, where weights for beamforming and nulling, subject to the constraint of severe quantization, are computed using the channel estimates from the first step. We provide promising preliminary results illustrating the efficacy of this approach.
Film Formation of Latex Blends with Bimodal Particle Size Distributions:  Consideration of Particle Deformability and Continuity of the Dispersed Phase (2000)

Latex dispersions having a well-controlled, bimodal particle size distribution are gaining attention because they potentially enable control of the dispersion rheology, the film formation characteristics, and the final film properties. Here we study the film formation of dispersions with a bimodal particle size distribution (large:small size ratio of ca. 6:1) and with varying concentrations of the two particle sizes. We also compare the film formation of blends containing only deformable (i.e., “soft”) particles with blends containing both soft and nondeformable (i.e., “hard”) particles. We use ellipsometry as a noninvasive tool for studying film morphology as film formation proceeds. We interpret our ellipsometry data using a physical model of the morphology based on atomic force microscopy observation. Electron microscopy of film cross sections provides information about the bulk morphology. We measure void content and surface roughness in blend films as a function of the concentration of large particles for three series of blends based on soft particles only and on the two combinations of hard and soft particles. When large and small soft particles are blended above a small particle concentration of ca. 16.5 wt % (corresponding to a number ratio of small:large of 43:1), the void concentration in freshly prepared films reaches a low value. This concentration approximately corresponds to the critical volume fraction (Vc) of small particles required to obtain a continuous phase of small particles surrounding the large particles. Below this value, there are not enough small particles to create a continuous phase, so more interparticle voids are present in the film. Surface roughness and void volume concentration in blends of large−soft and small−hard particles also reach a minimum at Vc. At higher concentrations of small−hard particles, void concentration increases because the continuous phase is non-film-forming. Finally, when large−hard particles are blended with small−soft particles, film formation is hindered by the clustering of the large particles and the subsequent creation of voids. In this case, film formation at concentrations of small particles below about ca. 45 wt % cannot be achieved. A coherent film cannot be obtained at small particle concentrations nearer to or below Vc.
Cancer Precision Medicine: Why More Is More and DNA Is Not Enough (2017)

Every tumour is different. They arise in patients with different genomes, from cells with different epigenetic modifications, and by random processes affecting the genome and/or epigenome of a somatic cell, allowing it to escape the usual controls on its growth. Tumours and patients therefore often respond very differently to the drugs they receive. Cancer precision medicine aims to characterise the tumour (and often also the patient) to be able to predict, with high accuracy, its response to different treatments, with options ranging from the selective characterisation of a few genomic variants considered particularly important to predict the response of the tumour to specific drugs, to deep genome analysis of both tumour and patient, combined with deep transcriptome analysis of the tumour. Here, we compare the expected results of carrying out such analyses at different levels, from different size panels to a comprehensive analysis incorporating both patient and tumour at the DNA and RNA levels. In doing so, we illustrate the additional power gained by this unusually deep analysis strategy, a potential basis for a future precision medicine first strategy in cancer drug therapy. However, this is only a step along the way of increasingly detailed molecular characterisation, which in our view will, in the future, introduce additional molecular characterisation techniques, including systematic analysis of proteins and protein modification states and different types of metabolites in the tumour, systematic analysis of circulating tumour cells and nucleic acids, the use of spatially resolved analysis techniques to address the problem of tumour heterogeneity as well as the deep analyses of the immune system of the patient to, e.g., predict the response of the patient to different types of immunotherapy. Such analyses will generate data sets of even greater complexity, requiring mechanistic modelling approaches to capture enough of the complex situation in the real patient to be able to accurately predict his/her responses to all available therapies.
Data from Clusterin Is a Gene-Specific Target of microRNA-21 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; MicroRNA-21 (miRNA-21) has proto-oncogenic properties, although no miRNA-21–specific targets have been found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Further study of miRNA-21 and its specific targets is essential to understanding HNSCC biology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; miRNA expression profiles of 10 HNSCCs and 10 normal mucosa samples were investigated using a custom miRNA microarray. Thirteen HNSCCs and five normal mucosa primary tissue specimens underwent mRNA expression microarray analysis. To identify miRNA-21 downstream targets, oral keratinocyte cells were subjected to microarray analysis after miRNA-21 transient transfection. miRNA and mRNA expression were validated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in a separate cohort of 16 HNSCCs and 15 normal mucosal samples. Microarray and bioinformatics analyses were integrated to identify potential gene targets. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; assays looked at the function and interaction of miRNA-21 and its specific gene targets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; miRNA-21 was upregulated in HNSCCs and stimulated cell growth. Integrated analyses identified Clusterin (CLU) as a potential miRNA-21 gene target. CLU was downregulated after forced expression of miRNA-21 in normal and HNSCC cell lines. The activity of a luciferase construct containing the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of CLU was repressed by the ectopic expression of miRNA-21. CLU was also downregulated in primary HNSCCs and correlated with miRNA-21 overexpression. CLU variant 1 (CLU-1) was the predominant splice variant in HNSCCs and showed growth suppression function that was reversed by miRNA-21 overexpression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; CLU is a specific, functional target of oncogenic miRNA-21 in HNSCCs. CLU-1 isoform is the predominant growth-suppressive variant targeted by miRNA-21. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 868–77. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Table S3 from Distinct Mechanisms of Mismatch-Repair Deficiency Delineate Two Modes of Response to Anti–PD-1 Immunotherapy in Endometrial Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S3: Predicted pathogenic/deleterious variants by exome sequencing.&lt;/p&gt;
Pulse Interfaces and Current Management Techniques for Serially Biased RSFQ Circuits (2022)

As digital superconductor circuits based on Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) logic scale up in complexity, so does the total current required to provide dc bias. Serial biasing (SB) is a promising solution that can be used to reduce the current by placing identical digital blocks on islands with isolated grounds and bias them sequentially. There are typically two implementations that are essential for the SB approach: the design of a driver-receiver pair (DRP) for inter-island pulse transport and the current management technique to handle the bias current flowing into and out of an island. While a DRP with good fidelity is essential for any serially biased circuit, the current management becomes critical for designs with relatively large bias current. In this paper, we address the latter. First, we propose a grapevine biasing scheme for serial bias current management. Second, we implement the technique using two exemplar circuits: the parallel counter and the digital decimation filter. We report the low and high speed test results up to 50 GHz for both circuits fabricated at MIT-LL in the SFQ5ee 10 kA&#x002F;2 &#x2126; fab node.
Single-Cell Trapping in the Micro Immune Scale Laboratory. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Maternal Immunization With an Investigational Trivalent Group B Streptococcal Vaccine (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01446289.
Cobalt atom-ethylene cryochemistry: synthesis and spectroscopic studies of Co(C2H4)l, Co2(C2H4)m, and Co4(C2H4)n and chemisorption models for ethylene adsorbed on bulk cobalt (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCobalt atom-ethylene cryochemistry: synthesis and spectroscopic studies of Co(C2H4)l, Co2(C2H4)m, and Co4(C2H4)n and chemisorption models for ethylene adsorbed on bulk cobaltA. J. Lee Hanlan, Geoffrey A. Ozin, and William J. PowerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 12, 3648–3657Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50190a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50190a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Temperature-Activated Travel Joint Minimizes Expansion Issues in Horizontal Thermal Applications (2010)

Abstract Thermal recovery methods used in the exploitation of heavy-oil and bitumen reservoirs can create severe expansion problems on liner and production tubular equipment. This is more often the case when using horizontal sandface completion configurations in steam flood, cyclic steam, and steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) applications. Many single lateral and multi-lateral horizontal heavy-oil wells are produced initially using cold heavy-oil production methodologies where liner expansion is not a concern. However, with proper up-front planning and engineering, these wells could be converted to thermal EOR producers with the addition of thermal expansion devices placed within the liner assembly when initially completed. These expansion devices are engineered to activate with elevated temperatures once the thermal operations begin and do not require mechanical activation or well intervention. Since these devices are deployed with the liner assembly, they must also be capable of handling compression, tension, and torque loading across the liner during the deployment phase. These devices can be deployed with the slotted liner/sand screen applications or can be used with production or concentric tubing configurations. This paper will present different wellbore configurations used with various thermal recovery methods.
A multicenter randomized controlled trial of two group education programs for fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Long-term (12-month) follow-up at one site (2018)

The delayed effect of FTC on fatigue suggests the need for longer follow-up when assessing interventions for fatigue.
The influence of running shoe traction on performance in a short duration maximal effort running drill (2011)

"The influence of running shoe traction on performance in a short duration maximal effort running drill." Footwear Science, 3(sup1), pp. S167–S168
Competing Supramolecular Interactions Give a New Twist to Terpyridyl Chemistry: Anion- and Solvent-Induced Formation of Spiral Arrays in Silver(I) Complexes of a Simple Terpyridine (2002)

Multiple competing molecular interactions (metal-ligand, pi-stacking and hydrogen-bonding) in the silver(I) complexes of 4'-thiomethyl-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine give rise to a range of different molecular architectures, in which the metal-ligand coordination requirements are satisfied in quite different ways. Polynuclear supramolecular spirals, aggregated mononuclear and aggregated dinuclear units are all structurally characterised. The metallo-supramolecular architecture obtained displays a remarkable dependence both on the choice of non-coordinated anion and the type of solvent used (coordinating or non-coordinating). The anion dependence is particularly surprising, since the anions are not integrated into the centre of the supramolecular structure. The solution behaviour is also solvent and anion dependent, with aggregation of planar mononuclear cations observed in acetonitrile, but oligonuclear spiral species implicated in nitromethane. The extraordinarily variable geometries of these systems suggest that they provide a novel example of the "frustration" principle, in which opposing tendencies cannot simultaneously be satisfied and identify an alternative approach to the design of metallo-supramolecular systems whose structure is responsive to external agents.
A High Precision Analog Frequency-Ramp Generator Using a Phase-Locked-Loop Structure (1997)

A high precision analog frequency-ramp-generator has been developed. The highly linear frequency-ramp is generated using a Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) circuit design. It features a smooth analog ramp without any step behaviour normally expected of a PLL-system. In order to obtain such an analog ramp exact timing conditions have to be ensured when programming the variable divider. A synchronizing circuit is used to obtain this precise timing. As the ramp generator works well only if all parts are designed carefully, simulations are required. The ramp linearity was determined indirectly using a modified FMCW-system (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) especially built for these measurements and additionally by examining the synchronism of two PLL-linearization circuits with different VCOs which have significantly different tuning curves.