gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Based Integrated Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting/Storage Device (2015)

Energy scavenging has become a fundamental part of ubiquitous sensor networks. Of all the scavenging technologies, solar has the highest power density available. However, the energy source is erratic. Integrating energy conversion and storage devices is a viable route to obtain self‐powered electronic systems which have long‐term maintenance‐free operation. In this work, we demonstrate an integrated‐power‐sheet, consisting of a string of series connected organic photovoltaic cells (OPCs) and graphene supercapacitors on a single substrate, using graphene as a common platform. This results in lighter and more flexible power packs. Graphene is used in different forms and qualities for different functions. Chemical vapor deposition grown high quality graphene is used as a transparent conductor, while solution exfoliated graphene pastes are used as supercapacitor electrodes. Solution‐based coating techniques are used to deposit the separate components onto a single substrate, making the process compatible with roll‐to‐roll manufacture. Eight series connected OPCs based on poly(3‐hexylthiophene)(P3HT):phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM) bulk‐heterojunction cells with aluminum electrodes, resulting in a ≈5 V open‐circuit voltage, provide the energy harvesting capability. Supercapacitors based on graphene ink with ≈2.5 mF cm −2 capacitance provide the energy storage capability. The integrated‐power‐sheet with photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting and storage functions had a mass of 0.35 g plus the substrate.
Comparative measurements of image quality in image guides (1994)

The question of the image quality evaluation in microendoscopy ((phi) &lt; 0.5 mm) and of its improvements is addressed in this article. The MTF has been carefully evaluated by a precise and reproducible method and reveals significant differences between the various multicore fibers tested (twelve different fibers from three firms). The measuring conditions, such as the aperture of the incident light beam, the orientation of the sampling direction, and the position of the evaluation point on the bundle section, were also of concern in the evaluation of the image quality. The measurement of the overall contrast loss is related not only to the limit of sampling by the density of fiber cores, but also to the intercore fiber coupling.
Reverse-bias current reduction in low-temperature-annealed silicon p n junctions by ultraclean ion-implantation technology (1990)

Reduction in the reverse-bias current in low-temperature-annealed silicon pn junctions has been studied. It has been shown that the transition region existing underneath the ion-implantation-generated amorphous layer and the contamination incorporated into this region play a decisive role in determining the reverse current level. In order to minimize the contamination involvement into the transition region, ultraclean ion-implantation technology has been developed. Ion implantation was carried out under a UHV (5×10−10 Torr) condition in order to minimize the recoil implantation of adsorbed contamination at the surface. The contamination due to the high-energy ion-beam sputtering of component parts in the ion implanter has also been suppressed. As a result, a low reverse-bias current level of about 1.2×10−7 A/cm2 has been obtained for arsenic-implanted n+p junctions annealed at 550 °C, which is more than two orders of magnitude smaller than that previously reported. The stress compensation technology employing combined implantation of phosphorus and arsenic has also been shown to be very effective in reducing the lattice strain and in suppressing the damage generation.
MizAR 60 for Mizar 50 (2023)

As a present to Mizar on its 50th anniversary, we develop an AI/TP system that automatically proves about 60% of the Mizar theorems in the hammer setting. We also automatically prove 75% of the Mizar theorems when the automated provers are helped by using only the premises used in the human-written Mizar proofs. We describe the methods and large-scale experiments leading to these results. This includes in particular the E and Vampire provers, their ENIGMA and Deepire learning modifications, a number of learning-based premise selection methods, and the incremental loop that interleaves growing a corpus of millions of ATP proofs with training increasingly strong AI/TP systems on them. We also present a selection of Mizar problems that were proved automatically.
Protein expression patterns of radiation‐transformed human epidermal keratinocytes: A two‐dimensional gel electrophoretic approach (1993)

Abstract We have previously reported the radiation‐induced malignant transformation of immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes. Two sets of tumorigenic transformants (treated with either 2 Gy or 4 Gy twice) and their respective clonal derivatives were characterized [Thraves et al.: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:1174–1177, 1990]. We have tested the hypothesis that the multiple changes which take place during cellular transformation are reflected at the level of protein expression. Toward this end, we have compared protein expression in the non‐tumorigenic, parental keratinocytes and their radiationtransformed derivatives during the various stages of progression to tumorigenicity. We employed two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) coupled with silver staining and computer‐assisted data analyses. Eighteen differentially expressed proteins were identified in the various transformed cultures. Changes in 8 of these proteins exhibited a similar pattern in both the 2 and 4 Gy transformants, while the expression of the other 10 varied. Two of the eight proteins that showed identical changes in both sets of transformed keratinocytes have been identified as tropomyosin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) by their characteristic 2D‐map locations and reactivity with specific antisera. The identification of these differentially expressed polypeptides in the tumorigenic keratinocytes constitutes a preliminary step in the study of the complex process of radiation‐induced transformation and its regulation by specific gene products. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A cobalt layer deposition study: Dicobaltatetrahedranes as convenient MOCVD precursor systems (2014)

Low melting or liquid cobalt(0) MOCVD precursors of type [Co2(CO)6(η2-RCCR′)] (R = H, R′ = (CH3)3Si, nC4H9, nC5H11, nC6H13, nC7H15; R = nC3H7, R′ = (CH3)3Si, CH3; R = R′ = C2H5, (CH3)3Si) have been prepared by the reaction of the appropriate alkynes with Co2(CO)8. Variation of the substituents at the C,C triple bond allowed the study of their influence on the thermal behaviour and vapour pressure. These measurements showed that the cobalt(0) precursors are suitable for application within the MOCVD (Metal–Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition) process. Decomposing deposition of the cobalt precursors was realized in a home-built vertical cold-wall CVD reactor under mild conditions without any addition of co-reactants. The obtained dense and conformal cobalt layers have been characterized by SEM, EDX and XPS measurements. Depending on the precursor applied, pure cobalt films (96.7% Co) or mixtures of cobalt, carbon and cobalt oxide with varying composition with layer thicknesses of 35–90 nm were formed.
Sodium MRI with fluid suppression: will it improve early detection of osteoarthritis? (2011)

under investigation are therefore of fundamental importance. OA can have biomechanical (injury) and biochemical origins. From the biochemical point of view, OA is a degenerative disease of the articular cartilage. Cartilage is a dense connective tissue that consists of a small population of chondrocytes within a large extracellular matrix made of type II collagen fibers (15–20% of the volume), proteoglycans (PG; 3–10%) and water (65–80%). PGs further consist of a protein core and negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains, which endow the cartilage with a negative fixed charge density (FCD). This FCD attracts free-floating positive counter-ions, such as sodium (Na), which in turn attract water molecules within the cartilage through osmotic pressure. The negative charge from the GAG side chains also provides a strong electrostatic repulsive force between the PG molecules and is responsible for the compressive stiffness of cartilage. The collagen molecules aggregate into fibers that serve to immobilize the PG and provide a tensile force opposing the tendency of the PG to expand the cartilage. Early OA is mainly characterized by a reduction of FCD (or GAG) concentration, possible changes of size and organization of the collagen fibers, aggregation of the PG and increased water content. These changes lead to an alteration of the mechanical properties of the cartilage, which can therefore lose its loadand shear-bearing functions [5,6].
Local and regional scale measurements of CH 4 , δ 13 CH 4 , and C 2 H 6 in the Uintah Basin using a mobile stable isotope analyzer (2015)

Abstract. In this paper, we present an innovative CH4, δ13CH4, and C2H6 instrument based on cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS). The design and performance of the analyzer is presented in detail. The instrument is highly precise, capable of precision of less than 1‰ on δ13CH4 with 1 min of averaging and about 0.1‰ in an hour. Using this instrument, we present a comprehensive approach to atmospheric methane emissions attribution. Field measurements were performed in the Uintah Basin (Utah, USA) in the winter of 2013, using a mobile lab equipped with the CRDS analyzer, a high-accuracy GPS, a sonic anemometer, and a novel onboard gas storage and playback system. With a small population and almost no other sources of methane and ethane other than oil and gas extraction activities, the Uintah Basin represents an ideal location to investigate and validate new measurement methods of atmospheric methane and ethane. We present the results of measurements of the individual fugitive emissions from 23 natural gas wells and 6 oil wells in the region. The δ13CH4 and C2H6 signatures that we observe are consistent with the signatures present in the ground. Furthermore, regional measurements of the atmospheric CH4, δ13CH4, and C2H6 signatures throughout the basin have been made, using continuous sampling into a 450 m long tube. These measurements suggest that 86 ± 7% of the total emissions in the basin are from natural gas production.
Re: The Inhibitor of Differentiation Isoform Id1b, Generated by Alternative Splicing, Maintains Cell Quiescence and Confers Self-Renewal and Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties (2015)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Oct 2015Re: The Inhibitor of Differentiation Isoform Id1b, Generated by Alternative Splicing, Maintains Cell Quiescence and Confers Self-Renewal and Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties Anthony AtalaMD Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.07.014AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: The Inhibitor of Differentiation Isoform Id1b, Generated by Alternative Splicing, Maintains Cell Quiescence and Confers Self-Renewal and Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties." The Journal of Urology, 194(4), p. 1163 © 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 194Issue 4October 2015Page: 1163Supplementary Materials Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2015 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
A 0.3PJ/Bit 112GB/S PAM4 1+0.5D TX-DFE Precoder and 8-Tap FFE in 14NM CMOS (2018)

We present a digital implementation of a TX precoder/ equalizer that, similar to a Tomlinson-Harashima Precoder (THP), provides a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) function on the transmitter side. The TX-DFE avoids error propagation together with the complexity and power overhead of an RX-DFE. The I-tap precoder is implemented using a table-based digital FFE, which also shapes the channel pulse to a 1 +0.5D response and cancels pre-cursor inter-symbol interference (lSI). The combined precoder/8-tap FFE was implemented in 14nm FinFet CMOS, and was measured to operate at 112Gb/s consuming 0.3pJ/bit energy.
Compressive sparsity order estimation for wideband Cognitive Radio receiver (2014)

Compressive Sensing (CS) has been widely investigated in the Cognitive Radio (CR) literature in order to reduce the hardware cost of sensing wideband signals assuming prior knowledge of the sparsity pattern. However, the sparsity order of the channel occupancy is time-varying and the sampling rate of the CS receiver needs to be adjusted based on its value in order to fully exploit the potential of CS-based techniques. In this context, investigating blind Sparsity Order Estimation (SOE) techniques is an open research issue. To address this, we study an eigenvalue-based compressive SOE technique using asymptotic Random Matrix Theory. We carry out detailed theoretical analysis for the signal plus noise case to derive the asymptotic eigenvalue probability distribution function (aepdf) of the measured signal's covariance matrix for sparse signals. Subsequently, based on the derived aepdf expression, we present a technique to estimate the sparsity order of the wideband spectrum with compressive measurements using the maximum eigenvalue of the measured signal's covariance matrix. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated in terms of normalized SOE Error (SOEE). It is shown that the sparsity order of the wideband spectrum can be reliably estimated using the proposed technique.
Reciprocal association between voting and the epidemic spread of COVID-19: observational and dynamic modeling study (2021)

Our results suggest that the surrounding intensity of the COVID-19 epidemic in France did not have any local impact on participation to a national election. The level of participation had no impact on the spread of the pandemic.
Instabilities in Parallel Channel of Forced-Convection Boiling Upflow System, (II) (1977)

The instabilities observed in a parallel-channel system carrying boiling fluid in forced upward flow have been studied theoretically and experimentally, using water as test fluid. The limits of the stable flow in such a parallel-channel system (the stable boundary) are sought, and the nature of inlet flow oscillation in the unstable region has been examined experimentally under various conditions of inlet velocity, heat flux, liquid temperature, cross section of channel and entrance throttling. The results obtained are compared with calculations based on the mathematical model reported in a companion paper, and good agreement is seen between analysis and experiment in respect of the stable boundary. The experimental results are further examined through phase analysis using the same model.
FPGA implementation of the CAR Model of the cochlea (2014)

The front end of the human auditory system, the cochlea, converts sound signals from the outside world into neural impulses transmitted along the auditory pathway for further processing. The cochlea senses and separates sound in a nonlinear active fashion, exhibiting remarkable sensitivity and frequency discrimination. Although several electronic models of the cochlea have been proposed and implemented, none of these are able to reproduce all the characteristics of the cochlea, including large dynamic range, large gain and sharp tuning at low sound levels, and low gain and broad tuning at intense sound levels. Here, we implement the `Cascade of Asymmetric Resonators' (CAR) model of the cochlea on an FPGA. CAR represents the basilar membrane filter in the `Cascade of Asymmetric Resonators with Fast-Acting Compression' (CAR-FAC) cochlear model. CAR-FAC is a neuromorphic model of hearing based on a pole-zero filter cascade model of auditory filtering. It uses simple nonlinear extensions of conventional digital filter stages that are well suited to FPGA implementations, so that we are able to implement up to 1224 cochlear sections on Virtex-6 FPGA to process sound data in real time. The FPGA implementation of the electronic cochlea described here may be used as a front-end sound analyser for various machine-hearing applications.
Delay Spread Estimation For OFDM Based Mobile Communication Systems (2001)

In this paper we present a new channel delay spread estimator for OFDM based communication systems. The estimator operates in a wide range of channel delay spreads and mobile users velocities (0−360 km/h). The estimated value can be taken to select filters on the actual channel state, for instance two-dimensional (2D) Wiener filters. The estimator is based on a decision feedback signal, which is correlated with the incoming data stream to get an estimate of the channel impulse response (CIR). From this CIR, the estimate of the channel delay spread can easily be computed. In this paper we show, that the estimator is reliable for user velocities of up to 360 km/h, which is essential for future mobile communication systems. I.
Hydrogen Response Mechanism of a Proton Pumping Gate FET Gas Sensor (2007)

We developed a new type hydrogen sensor for a proton pumping gate FET with a triple layer of Pd / proton conducting polymer / Pt. Compared with conventional type FET with a single catalytic metal gate, the selectivity was improved. Furthermore, two different output signals of DC and AC modulation were obtained. According to increments of the upper gate voltage to a lower gate, the sensitivity was increased. When modulation voltage was added to the upper gate voltage, AC modulation output was obtained. The response mechanism of the new type FET was investigated using several hydrogen gases and with modulation conditions. Consequently, the hydrogen response mechanism can be explained by a hydrogen dissociation reaction occurring at the upper gate, and the hydrogen gas and generated proton can pass through the proton conducting polymer, and finally an equilibrium hydrogen reaction occurs at the lower gate. These complex mechanisms can be controlled by the gate bias and modulation voltage.
Massive MIMO With Optimal Power and Training Duration Allocation (2014)

We consider the uplink of multicell multiple-input-multiple-output systems, where the base stations (BSs), which are equipped with massive arrays, simultaneously serve several terminals in the same frequency band. We assume that the BS estimates the channel from uplink training and then uses the maximum ratio combining technique to detect the signals transmitted from all terminals in its own cell. We propose an optimal resource allocation scheme that jointly selects the training duration, the training signal power, and the data signal power in order to maximize the sum spectral efficiency for a given total energy budget spent in a coherence interval. Numerical results verify the benefits of the optimal resource allocation scheme. Furthermore, we show that more training signal power should be used at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and vice versa at high SNRs. Interestingly, for the entire SNR regime, the optimal training duration is equal to the number of terminals.
Statistical Properties and Variations of LOS MIMO Channels at Millimeter Wave Frequencies (2018)

Measurement results for millimeter wave LOS MIMO systems are presented with a focus on time variation and multipath propagation. Different system setups are used, including 2x2 and 3x3 MIMO, and involving different synchronization procedures and front-ends. Furthermore, different propagation scenarios are evaluated, covering a wide area of applications. The results show that the LOS component carries significantly more power than the NLOS components, and that frequency selectivity from front-ends should be taken into account when designing these high bandwidth systems. Frequency offsets and other phase variations due to transmit and receive oscillator differences are treated as part of the channel and thus, depending on the synchronization setup, the MIMO system exhibits different time variations, particularly in the case of independent local oscillators. It is also observed that these systems experience significant non-trivial long-term variations in terms of amplitude and phase.
Prediction of Rotating Stall Inception in an Axial Compressor Rotor using CFD (2004)

A transient phenomenon of rotating stall inception in an axial compressor was investigated by unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow Simulation. This simulation has captured vertical flow structure at rotating stall inception. It was found that the spiral-type breakdown of the tip leakage vortex at near-stall condition and leading edge separation-Type stall inception occurred. In comparison with casing wall pressure distribution, this result was similar to experimental result using 'Synchronous Field Measurement' with time interpolation. Therefore, it shows that RANS flow simulation has high accuracy for the transient phenomenon, and it was able to predict the rotating stall inception.
Fiber Based Frequency Comb Lasers and Their Applications (2005)

The carrier envelope phase of a polarization-maintaining fiber frequency comb laser is stabilized for long periods of time. The performance of the system is comparable to a traditional Ti:sapphire-based comb.
Pulmonary Function Assessment in an Infant With Barnes Syndrome: Proactive Evaluation for Surgical Intervention (2006)

Our aim for this study was to report pulmonary mechanics in a neonate with a severe case of Barnes syndrome, a rare form of thoracolaryngopelvic dysplasia, and to use these data to guide ventilatory support and serve as a presurgical screening tool. A comprehensive pulmonary function evaluation was performed on a 36-day-old patient with Barnes syndrome who was being mechanically ventilated because of severe pulmonary distress secondary to thoracic dystrophy. The measurements consisted of respiratory volumes including functional residual capacity, ventilatory mechanics including compliance and resistance, and thoracoabdominal synchrony. Chest wall compliance was 64% below normal, and the thoracoabdominal motion was indicative of predominantly abdominal displacement during inspiratory breaths. The lungs were functioning at a low functional residual capacity, resulting in low lung compliance and increased pulmonary resistance. As a result of the evaluation, the patient was recommended for lateral thoracic expansion surgery and the ventilatory management was adjusted to focus on end-distending pressure support.
The causes of path inflation (2003)

Researchers have shown that the Internet exhibits path inflation -- end-to-end paths can be significantly longer than necessary. We present a trace-driven study of 65 ISPs that characterizes the root causes of path inflation, namely topology and routing policy choices within an ISP, between pairs of ISPs, and across the global Internet. To do so, we develop and validate novel techniques to infer intra-domain and peering policies from end-to-end measurements. We provide the first measured characterization of ISP peering policies. In addition to "early-exit," we observe a significant degree of helpful non-early-exit, load-balancing, and other policies in use between peers. We find that traffic engineering (the explicit addition of policy constraints on top of topology constraints) is widespread in both intra- and inter-domain routing. However, intra-domain traffic engineering has minimal impact on path inflation, while peering policies and inter-domain routing lead to significant inflation. We argue that the underlying cause of inter-domain path inflation is the lack of BGP policy controls to provide convenient engineering of good paths across ISPs.