gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endocrine pancreas in insulin receptor-deficient mouse pups. (2001)

Insulin receptor (IR)-deficient pups rapidly become hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic and die of diabetic ketoacidosis within a few days. Immunocytochemical analysis of the endocrine pancreas revealed that IR deficiency did not alter islet morphology or the number of beta-, alpha-, delta-, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells. The lack of IR did not result in major changes in the expression of islet hormone genes or of beta-cell-specific marker genes encoding pancreas duodenum homeobox-containing transcription factor-1 (PDX-1), glucokinase (GCK), and GLUT2, as shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The serum glucagon levels in IR-deficient and nondiabetic littermates were comparable. Finally, total insulin content in the pancreas of IR-deficient pups was gradually depleted, indicating sustained insulin secretion, not compensated for by increased insulin biosynthesis. These findings are discussed in light of recent results suggesting a role of IR in beta-cell function.
Near-Field Sparse Channel Representation and Estimation in 6G Wireless Communications (2022)

The employment of extremely large antenna arrays and high-frequency signaling makes future 6G wireless communications likely to operate in the near-field region. In this case, the spherical wave assumption which takes into account both the user angle and distance is more accurate than the conventional planar one that is only related to the user angle. Therefore, the conventional planar wave based far-field channel model as well as its associated estimation algorithms needs to be reconsidered. Here we first propose a distance-parameterized angular-domain sparse model to represent the near-field channel. In this model, the user distance is included in the dictionary as an unknown parameter, so that the number of dictionary columns depends only on the angular space division. This is different from the existing polar-domain near-field channel model where the dictionary is constructed on an angle-distance two-dimensional (2D) space. Next, based on this model, joint dictionary learning and sparse recovery based channel estimation methods are proposed for both line of sight (LoS) and multi-path settings. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithms, recovery conditions and computational complexity are studied. Our analysis shows that with the decrease of distance estimation error in the dictionary, the angular-domain sparse vector can be exactly recovered after a few iterations. The high storage burden and dictionary coherence issues that arise in the polar-domain 2D representation are well addressed. Finally, simulations in multi-user communication scenarios support the superiority of the proposed near-field channel sparse representation and estimation over the existing polar-domain method in channel estimation error.
Preexisting Lymphatic Endothelium but not Endothelial Progenitor Cells Are Essential for Tumor Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphatic Metastasis (2004)

Endothelial progenitor cells have been shown to contribute to angiogenesis in various tumor models. Here, we have studied the relative contributions of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitors and pre-existing lymphatic vessels to tumor lymphangiogenesis. We did not find significant incorporation of genetically marked BM-derived cells in lymphatic vessels during tumor- or vascular endothelial growth factor C-induced lymphangiogenesis. The degree of tumor lymphangiogenesis correlated with lymphatic vessel density in the peritumoral area, and despite tumor lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic metastasis failed to occur in gene-targeted vascular endothelial growth factor C(+/-) mice that have hypoplasia of the lymphatic network. Our data demonstrate that during tumor lymphangiogenesis and cancer cell dissemination via the lymphatics, the newly formed lymphatic vessels sprout from the pre-existing local lymphatic network with little if any incorporation of BM-derived endothelial progenitor cells.
Shuhai: Benchmarking High Bandwidth Memory On FPGAS (2020)

FPGAs are starting to be enhanced with High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) as a way to reduce the memory bandwidth bottleneck encountered in some applications and to give the FPGA more capacity to deal with application state. However, the performance characteristics of HBM are still not well specified, especially in the context of FPGAs. In this paper, we bridge the gap between nominal specifications and actual performance by benchmarking HBM on a state-of-the-art FPGA, i.e., a Xilinx Alveo U280 featuring a two-stack HBM subsystem. To this end, we propose Shuhai, a benchmarking tool that allows us to demystify all the underlying details of HBM on an FPGA. FPGA-based benchmarking should also provide a more accurate picture of HBM than doing so on CPUs/GPUs, since CPUs/GPUs are noisier systems due to their complex control logic and cache hierarchy. Since the memory itself is complex, leveraging custom hardware logic to benchmark inside an FPGA provides more details as well as accurate and deterministic measurements. We observe that 1) HBM is able to provide up to 425 GB/s memory bandwidth, and 2) how HBM is used has a significant impact on performance, which in turn demonstrates the importance of unveiling the performance characteristics of HBM so as to select the best approach. Shuhai can be easily generalized to other FPGA boards or other generations of memory, e.g., HBM3, and DDR3. We will make Shuhai open-source, benefiting the community.
Identification of high levels of type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatases in higher plants (1989)

Extracts of Brassica napus (oilseed rape) seeds contain type 1 and type 2A protein phosphatases whose properties are indistinguishable from the corresponding enzymes in mammalian tissues. The type 1 activity dephosphorylated the beta-subunit of phosphorylase kinase selectively and was inhibited by the same concentrations of okadaic acid [IC50 (concentration causing 50% inhibition) approximately 10 nM], mammalian inhibitor 1 (IC50 = 0.6 nM) and mammalian inhibitor 2 (IC50 = 2.0 nM) as the rabbit muscle type 1 phosphatase. The plant type 2A activity dephosphorylated the alpha-subunit of phosphorylase kinase preferentially, was exquisitely sensitive to okadaic acid (IC50 approximately 0.1 nM), and was unaffected by inhibitors 1 and 2. As in mammalian tissues, a substantial proportion of plant type 1 phosphatase activity (40%) was particulate, whereas plant type 2A phosphatase was cytosolic. The specific activities of the plant type 1 and type 2A phosphatases were as high as in mammalian tissue extracts, but no type 2B or type 2C phosphatase activity was detected. The results demonstrate that the improved procedure for identifying and quantifying protein phosphatases in animal cells is applicable to higher plants, and suggests that okadaic acid may provide a new method for identifying plant enzymes that are regulated by reversible phosphorylation.
Discovery of Dihydrobenzoxazepinone (GS-6615) Late Sodium Current Inhibitor (Late INai), a Phase II Agent with Demonstrated Preclinical Anti-Ischemic and Antiarrhythmic Properties (2016)

Late sodium current (late I<sub>Na</sub>) is enhanced during ischemia by reactive oxygen species (ROS) modifying the Na<sub>v</sub> 1.5 channel, resulting in incomplete inactivation. Compound 4 (GS-6615, eleclazine) a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of late I<sub>Na</sub>, is currently in clinical development for treatment of long QT-3 syndrome (LQT-3), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and ventricular tachycardia-ventricular fibrillation (VT-VF). We will describe structure-activity relationship (SAR) leading to the discovery of 4 that is vastly improved from the first generation late I<sub>Na</sub> inhibitor 1 (ranolazine). Compound 4 was 42 times more potent than 1 in reducing ischemic burden in vivo (S-T segment elevation, 15 min left anteriorior descending, LAD, occlusion in rabbits) with EC<sub>50</sub> values of 190 and 8000 nM, respectively. Compound 4 represents a new class of potent late I<sub>Na</sub> inhibitors that will be useful in delineating the role of inhibitors of this current in the treatment of patients.
Reducing "Structure from Motion": a general framework for dynamic vision. 1. Modeling (1998)

The literature on recursive estimation of structure and motion from monocular image sequences comprises a large number of apparently unrelated models and estimation techniques. We propose a framework that allows us to derive and compare all models by following the idea of dynamical system reduction. The "natural" dynamic model, derived from the rigidity constraint and the projection model, is first reduced by explicitly decoupling structure (depth) from motion. Then, implicit decoupling techniques are explored, which consist of imposing that some function of the unknown parameters is held constant. By appropriately choosing such a function, not only can we account for models seen so far in the literature, but we can also derive novel ones.
Synchronized phasor based on-line parameter identification of overhead transmission line (2008)

Overhead transmission line is one of the basic elements of power systems, whose parameters are of great importance to the normal operation of the power system. Thereby how to acquire the accurate parameters of overhead transmission lines is crucial. In this paper a novel method to identify the transmission lines' parameters on-line is deduced, where the data from PMU/WAMS (phasor measurement unit/wide area measurement system) is used. Furthermore, the impact of conductor sag on the line parameters is analyzed. According to the parameter variation, abnormal conductor sag can be identified and then the early warning message can be sent out for overload and other abnormal condition causing the sag. Besides, the proposed algorithm with different data windows is implemented and the corresponding precision is analyzed. The simulation results show that the proposed method can obtain precise overhead transmission line parameters on-line and identify abnormal conductor sag effectively.
Determination of ceiling temperature and thermodynamic properties of low ceiling temperature polyaldehydes Part A Polymer chemistry (2018)

Knowledge of the ceiling temperature and thermodynamic variables for low ceiling temperature polymers is critical to understanding the material's synthesis and use. Synthesis of the polymer below its ceiling temperature is the routine polymerization route. In situ ¹H NMR of the equilibrium polymerization reaction can provide critical information for determining the enthalpy and entropy of polymer formation. Three polyaldehydes were synthesized with in situ ¹H NMR, and their energies of formation were determined for the linear region of ceiling temperature. Insights into the mechanism of polymerization were also found using this method. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 221–228
Comprehensive evaluation of GaN GIT in low- and high-frequency bridge leg applications (2016)

In power electronics applications with power ratings around several kilowatts, wide band gap semiconductors are more and more replacing state-of-the-art Si MOSFET. SiC MOSFETs with blocking voltage rating up to 1200V and low-voltage GaN devices are already commercially available on the market since a couple of years. Now also 600V GaN devices are entering the market, which are a cost-effective solution in many 400V key applications in order to increase the system performance in terms of achievable efficiencies or power density. Besides the employed semiconductor devices also the design of the appropriate gate drive circuit is important. In this paper a simple and reliable gate drive circuit for driving GaN switches is presented. In addition, the proposed gate drive is used to evaluate the switching performance of a GaN Gate Injection Transistor (GIT) under soft- and hard-switching condition, which provides a basis for further optimization of totem-pole converter systems.
An in vitro Study of Betadine’s Ability to Eliminate Live Bacteria on the Eye: Should It Be Used for Protection against Endophthalmitis? (2022)

This study showed several things. First, the zone of inhibition assay does not give an accurate assessment of antimicrobial properties when used alone and should be followed by a colony-forming unit assay. Second, 2.5% and 5% Betadine do not have effective antimicrobial properties against any of the bacteria tested, and 10% Betadine is only effective against <i>S. aureus</i> and not effective against the other bacteria tested.
Approaches and Challenges in Robotic Perception for Table-top Rearrangement and Planning (2022)

Table-top Rearrangement and Planning is a challenging problem that relies heavily on an excellent perception stack. The perception stack involves observing and registering the 3D scene on the table, detecting what objects are on the table, and how to manipulate them. Consequently, it greatly influences the system's task-planning and motion-planning stacks that follow. We present a comprehensive overview and discuss the different challenges associated with the perception module. This work is a result of our extensive involvement in the ICRA 2022 Open Cloud Robot Table Organization Challenge, in which we stood third in the final rankings.
Markerless tumor tracking using fast‐kV switching dual‐energy fluoroscopy on a benchtop system (2019)

This work presents the first results of MTT using fast-kV switching DE fluoroscopy. Using DE imaging has improved the tracking accuracy of MTT, especially for small targets. The results of this study will guide the future implementation of fast-kV switching DE imaging using the on-board imager of a linear accelerator.
Single-electron transistor made of multiwalled carbon nanotube using scanning probe manipulation (1999)

We positioned semiconducting multiwalled carbon nanotube, using an atomic force microscope, between two gold electrodes at SiO2 surface. Transport measurements exhibit single-electron effects with a charging energy of 24 K. Using the Coulomb staircase model, the capacitances and resistances between the tube and the electrodes can be characterized in detail.
3-DHETEROGENEOUS ELECTRONICS BYTRANSFERPRINTING (2007)

University ofIllinois working toscale-up andcommercialize this newlyinvented transfer printing technology. Herein, wereport onthe Herewedescribe anapproach, called transfer printing, toallow status ofthetransfer printing technology anddiscuss someexamples thecombination ofbroad classes ofmaterials into three-dimensional of3-Dheterogeneous electronic devices fabricated usingthis (3-D) heterogeneously integrated electronic devices. Theprocesstechnique. involves fabrication ofsource wafers that contain highperformance single crystal devices frommaterials including, butnotlimited to, transferstampstamp populated with chiplets silicon, gallium arsenide andgallium nitride. These devices arethen delineated andtransferred toatarget substrate using anelastomeric(1 (2) stamp. Thetransferred devices aretheninterconnected tounderlying circuitry andtheprocess isrepeated tobuild upa3-Dstack. This talk will describe thetransfer printing process andwill discuss examples Pre-fabricated dense arraywafer carrier of3-Dheterogeneous circuits that havebeenfabricated. Themerits ofchiplets bnawafer andchallenges oftransfer printing will bediscussed, along witha _ description ofidealapplications fortransfer printing ofhigh performance electronics. (3)
Histologic changes in porcine eyes treated with high-intensity focused ultrasound. (1987)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has recently been described in the treatment of patients with glaucoma. However, despite previous studies in animal and mathematical models, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood. We therefore undertook a histologic study of 15 porcine eyes to evaluate the effect of HIFU and, in particular, the changes seen after sequential insonification on previously treated areas of sclera. We demonstrated initial scleral swelling that was followed by scleral thinning. The scleral thinning could be maximized by a second superimposed course of HIFU. The most consistent change in the ciliary body was necrosis of the pars plana. Some treated animals developed a hemorrhagic retinal detachment that we believe to be due to the presence of a circumferential blood vessel, which runs in the ora serrata of the pig but which is not present in humans. Based on our observations, possible mechanisms of action of this treatment are discussed.
Electronic properties of BiSeI and BiSeBr (1982)

The self-consistent pseudopotential method was used to calculate the band structure and the charge density of BiSeI and BiSeBr. The fundamental gap of both crystals is indirect. Gap values are 0.8 eV for BiSeI and 0.87 eV for BiSeBr. The halides form ionic bonds in these crystals, but there is some covalent character in the Bi-Se bond. States near the valence band edge are dominantly at the Bi and Se ions. The charge density of the lowest conduction band is concentrated at the metallic ion.
Structural Conservation in Band 4.1, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin (FERM) Domains as a Guide To Identify Inhibitors of the Proline-Rich Tyrosine Kinase 2 (2009)

The nonreceptor focal adhesion kinases FAK and Pyk2 play a central role in the regulation of glioma cell proliferation and migration, making them attractive targets to improve clinical outcome. Noncatalytic targeting represents a novel approach to regulate the activity of these tyrosine kinases. A combination of site directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling was used to identify compounds that target the F3 module of the Pyk2 FERM domain. A protein pharmacophore model for the Pyk2 FERM/F3 module, generated utilizing the structural conservation of ligand-bound FERM domains with known 3D structures, was used to search the LeadQuest compound library. Compounds compliant with the model were tested for their ability to inhibit the binding of a monoclonal antibody that maps to a functional site on the F3 module. The highest scoring compound bound directly to the Pyk2 FERM domain, inhibited Pyk2 stimulated glioma migration, and provides the framework for the development of novel therapeutic agents to target the activity of the focal adhesion kinases.
Multimetallic High-Index Faceted Heterostructured Nanoparticles (2020)

Multimetallic heterostructured nanoparticles with high-index facets potentially represent an important class of highly efficient catalysts. However, due to their complexity, they are often difficult to synthesize. Herein, a library of heterostructured, multimetallic (Pt, Pd, Rh, and Au) tetrahexahedral nanoparticles was synthesized through alloying/dealloying with Bi in a tube furnace at 900-1000 °C. Electron microscopy and selected area diffraction measurements show that the domains of the heterostructured nanoparticles are epitaxially aligned. Although nanoparticles formed from Au alone exhibit low-index facets, Pt and Au form PtAu heterostructured nanoparticles with high-index facets, including domains that are primarily made of Au. Furthermore, the alloying/dealloying of Bi occurs at different rates and under different conditions within the heterostructured nanoparticles. This influences the types of architectures observed en route to the final high-index state, a phenomenon clearly observable in the case of PdRhAu nanoparticles. Finally, scanning probe block copolymer lithography was used in combination with this synthetic strategy to control nanoparticle composition in the context of PtAu nanoparticles (1:4 to 4:1 ratio range) and size (15 to 45 nm range).
Outcomes and Complications of Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy: An Institutional Review (2014)

General outcome measures were favorable. Smokers and patients with workers' compensation claims experienced significantly poorer outcomes. However, the incidence of nonunion and delayed union was higher than most reports in the literature. Furthermore, we demonstrated a high refracture rate (11.4 %) following removal of hardware.
Effect of x-ray irradiation on the electrical characteristics of ultra-thin gate oxides (1999)

The effect of x-ray-induced damage on the electrical characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with ultrathin gate oxide and oxynitride layers is investigated. The tunnelling current of irradiated capacitors is observed to be enhanced in the low gate voltage range, a behaviour quite similar to the increased leakage current observed in electrically stressed devices. On the other hand, the slopes of the time-to-breakdown distributions decrease after x-ray irradiation, indicating that the critical density of traps needed to trigger breakdown in the gate oxide is lower in irradiated capacitors. In addition, the probability of observing soft breakdown of the SiO2 layer increases after the irradiation. These results suggest that the radiation-induced traps participate in the formation of the percolation path formed in the gate insulator at breakdown or soft breakdown.
A two‐way road: novel roles for fungal extracellular vesicles (2018)

The biological functions of fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes have been mostly determined on the basis of the assumption that they are vehicles of trans-cell wall transport and molecular export. The possibility that fungal cells can bind to and internalize EVs remained largely unaddressed. Recent studies, however, demonstrated that fungal cells can internalize host-derived and/or fungal EVs through processes that profoundly modify their regular physiology. To illustrate this novel view, we discuss (i) the uptake of plant EVs by phytopathogenic fungi culminating in growth defects and virulence attenuation, (ii) the influence of EV internalization in prion transmission and biofilm formation in yeast cells, and (iii) the EV-mediated transfer of virulence in isolates of Cryptococcus gattii. These recent observations indicate that the functions exerted by EVs in fungal cells result from previously unknown mechanisms of bidirectional transport, opening new venues for the investigation of how EVs impact fungal physiology.
Analog Matrix Multiplier Dedicated to the Denavit-Hartenberg Algorithm (2019)

This paper presents a new approach of forward kinematics processing using analog structures dedicated to calculate the matrix multiplication by parallel processing. A novel circuit is conceived that is able to determine the result of multiplication for analog outputs of position sensors in a faster way. The analog matrix multiplication can be applied in the forward kinematics of robots when the input signals are analog, being expressed as sin and cos of the angles of joints. Such an analog processor is suitable to control the autonomous robots where the power consumption is critical. A comparison between FPGA implementation and analogic processing is presented.
Multiresolution sinusoidal modeling for wideband audio with modifications (2002)

We describe a computationally efficient method of generating more accurate sinusoidal parameters {amplitude, frequency, phase} from a wideband polyphonic audio source in a multiresolution, non-aliased fashion. This significantly improves upon previous work of sinusoidal modeling that assumes a single-pitched monophonic source, such as speech or an individual musical instrument, while using approximately the same number of sinusoids. In addition to a more general analysis, we can now perform high-quality modifications such as time-stretching and pitch-shifting on polyphonic audio with ease.
Figure S2 from Dual Targeting of EGFR and IGF1R in the TNFAIP8 Knockdown Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

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