gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of Cd1−xZnxTe films in a device structure using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (2004)

The optical properties of polycrystalline Cd1−xZnxTe alloy thin films in device structures are reported for energy from 0.8 to 4.6 eV. Cd1−xZnxTe alloy thin films with x from 0 to 1 were deposited on glass/indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/CdS substrates by coevaporation from CdTe and ZnTe sources and were characterized by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray diffractometry. The Cd1−xZnxTe films are single phase with a zincblende crystal structure over the entire alloy range. The Cd1−xZnxTe optical constants were determined using a multilayer optical model incorporating the optical constants of glass, ITO and CdS, determined independently from glass, glass/ITO, and glass/ITO/CdS specimens. The optical constants of the Cd1−xZnxTe thin films are comparable to literature values reported for single crystals, indicating that the polycrystalline nature of the films does not measurably alter the optical constants. A semiconductor alloy model for determining the composition of CdxZn1−xTe alloy films is developed using the optical data obtained from the analysis. This alloy model can be used to evaluate compositional grading and the effects of Cd1−xZnxTe film processing.
Forskolin and rutin prevent intraocular pressure spikes after Nd:YAG laser iridotomy. (2012)

Forskolin and rutin can blunt the increase of IOP that occurs after Nd-YAG laser iridotomy. This can avoid serious risk to the optic nerve of the patients under laser treatment for iridotomy.
Tracking and Predicting Depressive Symptoms of Adolescents Using Smartphone-Based Self-Reports, Parental Evaluations, and Passive Phone Sensor Data: Development and Usability Study (Preprint) (2019)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Depression carries significant financial, medical, and emotional burden on modern society. Various proof-of-concept studies have highlighted how apps can link dynamic mental health status changes to fluctuations in smartphone usage in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the use of such apps to monitor adolescents remains a challenge. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> This study aimed to investigate whether smartphone apps are useful in evaluating and monitoring depression symptoms in a clinically depressed adolescent population compared with the following gold-standard clinical psychometric instruments: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We recruited 13 families with adolescent patients diagnosed with MDD with or without comorbid anxiety disorder. Over an 8-week period, daily self-reported moods and smartphone sensor data were collected by using the &lt;i&gt;Smartphone- and OnLine usage–based eValuation for Depression&lt;/i&gt; (SOLVD) app. The evaluations from teens’ parents were also collected. Baseline depression and anxiety symptoms were measured biweekly using PHQ-9, HAM-D, and HAM-A. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> We observed a significant correlation between the self-evaluated mood averaged over a 2-week period and the biweekly psychometric scores from PHQ-9, HAM-D, and HAM-A (0.45≤|r|≤0.63; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.009, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.01, and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.003, respectively). The daily steps taken, SMS frequency, and average call duration were also highly correlated with clinical scores (0.44≤|r|≤0.72; all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&amp;lt;.05). By combining self-evaluations and smartphone sensor data of the teens, we could predict the PHQ-9 score with an accuracy of 88% (23.77/27). When adding the evaluations from the teens’ parents, the prediction accuracy was further increased to 90% (24.35/27). </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Smartphone apps such as SOLVD represent a useful way to monitor depressive symptoms in clinically depressed adolescents, and these apps correlate well with current gold-standard psychometric instruments. This is a first study of its kind that was conducted on the adolescent population, and it included inputs from both teens and their parents as observers. The results are preliminary because of the small sample size, and we plan to expand the study to a larger population. </sec>
Objective and subjective evaluation of the influence of small amounts of delay and jitter on a recent first person shooter game (2004)

There have been several studies in the past years that investigate the impact of network delay on multi-user applications. Primary examples of these applications are real-time multiplayer games. These studies have shown that high network delays and jitter may indeed influence the player's perception of the quality of the game. However, the proposed test values, which are often high, are not always representative for a large percentile of on-line game players. We have therefore investigated the influence of delay and jitter with numbers that are more representative for typical access networks. This in effect allows us to simulate a setup with multiplayer game servers that are located at ISP level and players connected through that ISP's access network. To obtain further true-to-life results, we opted to carry out the test using a recent first person shooter (FPS) game, Unreal Tournament 2003. It can, after all, be expected that this new generation of games has built-in features to diminish the effect of small delay values, given the popularity of playing these games over the Internet. In this paper, we have investigated both subjective perceived quality and objective measurements and will show that both are indeed influenced by even these small delay and jitter values.
WE‐C‐BRA‐08: Using 4DCT‐Based Ventilation Imaging to Correlate Lung Dose and Function with Clinical Outcomes (2012)

Purpose: An exciting form of ventilation imaging is being developed based on 4‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) data. Because 4DCTs are routine for thoracic radiation therapy, calculating ventilation maps from 4DCT data does not add extra dosimetric or monetary cost. Studies have discussed designing treatment plans to avoid highly‐ventilated areas of the lung. However, the hypothesis that using ventilation in treatment planning can reduce thoracic toxicity remains to be tested. The purpose of our work was to determine whether incorporating ventilation‐based functional information could improve prediction for clinical thoracic toxicity. Methods: The study used 96 lung cancer patients, 17 of whom developed radiation pneumonitis (CTCAE 3.0 Grade&gt;=3). Pre‐treatment 4DCT data, spatial registration, and a density‐change based model were used to compute pre‐treatment ventilation maps for each patient. Using dose and ventilation, we calculated dose‐volume and dose‐function histograms, mean lung doses (MLD), and ventilation‐weighted MLD (fMLD). The ventilation‐weighted dosimetric values were compared between the pneumonitis group and the non‐pneumonitis group using a two‐sample t‐test. The ventilation‐based functional data were incorporated into a predictive dose‐response model and maximum likelihood was used to determine whether incorporating functional data could significantly improve the model fit to clinical toxicity data. Results: Specific patient examples illustrate that using functional dose metrics can lead to better estimates of toxicity. The fMLD was higher for patients that developed pneumonitis (20.8 Gy) than for those that did not (18.9 Gy), however, the results were not significant (p=0.251). Although fMLD improved model fit over using MLD, the difference in fits was not found to be significant (p=0.312). Conclusions: This is the first study that has attempted to link irradiating ventilated portions of the lung to clinical outcomes. Although promising data were presented, the results were not statistically significant. Future work will include more patients and further functional information with perfusion imaging.
To Click or Not To Click (2016)

Thumbnails play such an important role in online videos. As the most representative snapshot, they capture the essence of a video and provide the first impression to the viewers; ultimately, a great thumbnail makes a video more attractive to click and watch. We present an automatic thumbnail selection system that exploits two important characteristics commonly associated with meaningful and attractive thumbnails: high relevance to video content and superior visual aesthetic quality. Our system selects attractive thumbnails by analyzing various visual quality and aesthetic metrics of video frames, and performs a clustering analysis to determine the relevance to video content, thus making the resulting thumbnails more representative of the video. On the task of predicting thumbnails chosen by professional video editors, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our system against six baseline methods, using a real-world dataset of 1,118 videos collected from Yahoo Screen. In addition, we study what makes a frame a good thumbnail by analyzing the statistical relationship between thumbnail frames and non-thumbnail frames in terms of various image quality features. Our study suggests that the selection of a good thumbnail is highly correlated with objective visual quality metrics, such as the frame texture and sharpness, implying the possibility of building an automatic thumbnail selection system based on visual aesthetics.
Computing the Social Brain Connectome Across Systems and States (2017)

Social skills probably emerge from the interaction between different neural processing levels. However, social neuroscience is fragmented into highly specialized, rarely cross-referenced topics. The present study attempts a systematic reconciliation by deriving a social brain definition from neural activity meta-analyses on social-cognitive capacities. The social brain was characterized by meta-analytic connectivity modeling evaluating coactivation in task-focused brain states and physiological fluctuations evaluating correlations in task-free brain states. Network clustering proposed a functional segregation into (1) lower sensory, (2) limbic, (3) intermediate, and (4) high associative neural circuits that together mediate various social phenomena. Functional profiling suggested that no brain region or network is exclusively devoted to social processes. Finally, nodes of the putative mirror-neuron system were coherently cross-connected during tasks and more tightly coupled to embodied simulation systems rather than abstract emulation systems. These first steps may help reintegrate the specialized research agendas in the social and affective sciences.
Simple noise deembedding technique for on-wafer shield-based test fixtures (2003)

Conventional on-wafer test fixtures have a significant impact on two-port noise-parameter measurements of silicon devices at gigahertz frequencies. This leads to increased measuring inaccuracy, as well as a need for complicated and area-consuming deembedding procedures. Alternatively, shield-based test fixtures are characterized by very few series effects and, thus, support cost-efficient and simple deembedding. The applicability of a simple one-step method is illustrated with experimental data. A performance comparison is made to full-scale deembedding methods based on conventional, as well as shield-based test fixtures.
Retinoid-dependent Recruitment of a Histone H1 Displacement Activity by Retinoic Acid Receptor (1999)

Targeted recruitment of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activities by sequence-specific transcription factors, including the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), has been proposed to lead to destabilization of nucleosomal cores by acetylation of core histones. However, biochemical evidence indicates that destabilization and depletion of linker H1 histones must also occur at the promoter regions of actively transcribing genes. Mechanisms by which nuclear receptors and other transcription factors affect the removal of histone H1 from transcriptionally silent chromatin have not been previously described. In this report, we show that RARs interact in a ligand-dependent manner with HMG-I, which is known to displace histone H1 from chromatin. We further show that HMG-I and a novel related protein, HMG-R, also interact with other transcription factors. Using sense and antisense constructs of HMG-I/R in transient transfection assays with a retinoid responsive reporter, we also demonstrate that HMG-I/R is important for retinoid dependent transcriptional activity of RAR. These findings suggest a step wise mechanism by which RARs and other transcription factors can cause a targeted unfolding of compact chromatin as a first step in transcriptional activation, which would then be followed by recruitment of HAT activity and subsequent events.
Cover Picture: Mild and Robust Redox‐Neutral Pd/C‐Catalyzed Lignol β‐O‐4′ Bond Cleavage Through a Low‐Energy‐Barrier Pathway (ChemSusChem 13/2015) (2015)

The Cover picture shows a simple and efficient protocol for cleavage of the β-O-4' bond in lignin model compounds catalyzed by Pd/C under redox-neutral conditions. The reactions are carried out at 80 °C in air using a green solvent system to yield the aryl ketones in near quantitative yields. Mild reaction conditions and absence of hydrogen allow a selective β-O-4' bond cleavage without reduction of the aromatic rings. Mechanistic studies support a transfer hydrogenolysis pathway. More details on the reaction mechanism and on the advantages of the presented approach can be found in the Communication by Galkin et al. (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500117).
Synthesis and crystal structure of rac-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)ethyl 4-methyl-N-phenyl-N′-(triisopropylsilyl)benzenesulfondiimidoate: the first member of a new substance class (2022)

The title compound {systematic name: <i>rac</i>-2-[7-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-4-(phenylimino)-6,6-bis(propan-2-yl)-3-oxa-4λ<sup>6</sup>-thia-5-aza-6-silaoct-4-en-1-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-isoindole-1,3-dione}, C<sub>32</sub>H<sub>41</sub>N<sub>3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>SSi, was synthesized by desoxychlorination of 4-methyl-<i>N</i>-phenyl-<i>N</i>'-(triisopropyl-sil-yl)benzene-sul-fon-imid-am-ide and subsequent reaction with 2-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione. The racemic compound was crystallized from isopropanol. The structural characterization by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed two double-bonded nitro-gen atoms to the central sulfur atom and an overall crystal packing driven by its aromatic inter-actions.
An Electro-thermal Model for the BB-2590/U Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery (2015)

This package includes an experimentally validated electro-thermal model of the BB-2590 battery pack (consisting of 24 ICR18650J cells in 3P8S arrangement). The electrical dynamics of the pack is modeled as a three-state equivalent circuit model whose parameters are characterized as functions of SOC (state of charge) and temperature. The thermal dynamics of the pack is derived by assuming that the pack is a brick with a representative a one-state thermal dynamics. The coupled electrical and thermal models have been experimentally validated using the current profile derived from a baseline field test drive-cycle of an iRobot FasTac 510 Robot.
SemiSPECT: a small-animal imaging system based on eight CdZnTe pixel detectors (2004)

We have constructed a SPECT system for small animals that utilizes eight CdZnTe pixel detectors. The eight detectors are arranged in a single octagonal ring, where each views the object to be imaged through a single pinhole. Additional projections are obtained via rotation of the animal. Each CdZnTe detector is approximately 2 mm in thickness and is patterned on one surface into a 64×64 array of pixels with 380 micron pitch. We have designed an electronic readout system capable of collecting data from the eight detectors in listmode. In this scheme each event entry for a gamma-ray hit includes the pulse height of the pixel with the largest signal and the pulse height for each of its eight nearest neighbors. We present details of the overall design, the electronics, and system performance.
Raising the redox potential in carboxyphenolate-based positive organic materials via cation substitution (2018)

Meeting the ever-growing demand for electrical storage devices requires both superior and "greener" battery technologies. Nearly 40 years after the discovery of conductive polymers, long cycling stability in lithium organic batteries has now been achieved. However, the synthesis of high-voltage lithiated organic cathode materials is rather challenging, so very few examples of all-organic lithium-ion cells currently exist. Herein, we present an inventive chemical approach leading to a significant increase of the redox potential of lithiated organic electrode materials. This is achieved by tuning the electronic effects in the redox-active organic skeleton thanks to the permanent presence of a spectator cation in the host structure exhibiting a high ionic potential (or electronegativity). Thus, substituting magnesium (2,5-dilithium-oxy)-terephthalate for lithium (2,5-dilithium-oxy)-terephthalate enables a voltage gain of nearly +800 mV. This compound being also able to act as negative electrode via the carboxylate functional groups, an all-organic symmetric lithium-ion cell exhibiting an output voltage of 2.5 V is demonstrated.
Direct hysteresis measurements of single nanosized ferroelectric capacitors contacted with an atomic force microscope (2001)

Direct hysteresis measurements on single submicron structure sizes were performed on epitaxial ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films grown on SrTiO3 with La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) electrodes. The samples were fabricated by focused-ion-beam milling resulting in pad sizes down to 200 nm×200 nm. The influence of parasitic capacitance of the measurement setup was eliminated by applying an enhanced compensation procedure. No size effects were observed in capacitors milled down to 400 nm×400 nm. Thus, a published increase of Pmax1 for decreasing pad size can be explained by the parasitic influence of the setup. Finally, the inaccuracy of increasing coercive voltage due to the coating of the cantilever of the atomic force microscope is discussed.
Photoinduced Phase Separation of Gold in Two‐Component Nanoparticles (2006)

A noble separation: The photoinduced reaction of bimetallic nanoparticles to yield nanoprisms involves the phase separation of gold from silver. Ag–Au core/shell and alloy nanoparticles (Ag:Au=10:1–50:1) were used as seeds for the photoinduced formation of nanoprisms. Interestingly, the final products were pure Ag nanoprisms and small, spherical Au nanoparticles (see image). It is believed that the observed phase separation is due to the differences in reactivity of the metals towards oxygen and light.
GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO RENAL ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY REVEALED IN A MURINE MODEL (2000)

NIH Swiss mice appear to be resistant in susceptibility to renal IRI. Early expression of pro-inflammatory genes was not associated with resistance to IRI, thus genetic factors could be important in outcome after renal IRI.
A new system for RTK performance evaluation (2002)

Real-time kinematic (RTK) systems use GPS signals to deliver almost instantaneous positions with centimeter-level accuracy. RTK techniques are used for applications such as surveying, engineering, mining and automation. RTK technology has been commercially available since 1993. A critical factor in RTK system performance is the initialization time and reliability of estimating the carrier phase ambiguities. The time-to-initialize governs how long the user must operate with meter-level accuracy. A system that resolves ambiguities very quickly but incorrectly has serious ramifications. There is a trade-off between initialization time and reliability. Manufacturers seek to minimize initialization time while ensuring that reliability exceeds a tolerable threshold. A system has been developed to automatically evaluate RTK initialization performance. The system consists of a network of continuously logging GPS receivers, configured over a variety of baseline lengths and multipath/obstruction scenarios. Each week data is downloaded and processed over all baselines in a real-time fashion. The same engine that is used in RTK receivers is used to process the data. In some cases, multiple RTK engines are operated for comparison purposes. Statistical summaries of the results are automatically generated and electronically distributed for review. The RTK evaluation system aids algorithm refinement and helps specify system performance for users. Results from approximately 2.5 million trials produced an average initialization time of 46 seconds, and an initialization reliability of 99.9%.
Androgen Receptor-Mediated Hypersensitivity to Androgens in Women with Nonhyperandrogenic Hirsutism: Skewing of X-Chromosome Inactivation1 (1999)

Idiopathic hirsutism may result from an increase in the androgen receptor (AR)-mediated sensitivity of the hair follicle. The AR gene is located on the X-chromosome and contains a highly polymorphic trinucleotide repeat (CAGn) in its first exon, whose length and methylation pattern affect both AR expression and function. We analyzed these CAG repeats in the genomic DNA from 16 nonhyperandrogenic hirsute patients (Ferriman score: 16 +/- 4.7, mean +/- SD) and 10 normal controls (Ferriman score: 3 +/- 1.4), who were similar in their hormonal profiles. We found no difference in the number of CAG repeats between hirsute patients and controls, and no correlation between number of repeats and the Ferriman score or hormonal values. However, after DNA digestion with methylation-sensitive HpaII and measurement of the optical density, we found a marked decrease in the hirsute group (P < 0.0001), which was greater than in the control group (P = 0.0003). In addition, in the hirsute patients, the shorter of the two alleles was preferentially less methylated (P = 0.007), suggesting skewing of X-chromosome inactivation in the patients but not in the controls. When the mean optical density of both alleles was correlated with the Ferriman score, we observed a significant negative correlation (P = 0.02, r = -0.45), which became stronger when the shorter alleles were analyzed separately (P = 0.01; r = 0.48). We conclude that nonhyperandrogenic hirsutism is associated with skewing of X-chromosome inactivation in peripheral blood lymphocytes. This leads to the longer of the two AR alleles being preferentially methylated, allowing for the shorter (and presumably, more functional) allele to be expressed on the active X-chromosome. Further studies need to be performed to investigate whether this phenomenon is present in androgen-sensitive tissues in these patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Organosilicon Chemistry. Part 149. Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Vinylsilanes Bearing a Hydroxy Group. Benzyldimethylsilyl Group as an Effective Promoter and Novel Hydroxy Surrogate. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.