gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graded-phase mirror resonator with a super-Gaussian output in a CW-CO/sub 2/ laser (1994)

Two graded-phase mirror (GPM) resonators have been designed to produce super-Gaussian output beam profiles of order 4 and 6. An inverse propagation method was used to calculate the appropriate shape of the GPM's. Previous experimental work with a pulsed TEA-CO/sub 2/ laser has already confirmed the high transverse mode discrimination offered by such custom resonators, as anticipated by a theoretical analysis of their diffractional properties. Here, we extend these results by presenting new experimental measurements with a CW-CO/sub 2/ laser. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the super-Gaussian beam shape produced by these custom resonators. This is assessed with numerical simulations involving the incoherent superposition of transverses modes. The experimental results obtained with the GPM resonators, including measurements of the propagation of the output beam profile, are compared to those of a conventional semiconfocal cavity, and show higher monomode power extraction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nonlinear Chiral Metasurfaces Based on the Optical Kerr Effect (2023)

Abstract Chiral nanostructures have immense potential for complete polarization control of light. Given the intrinsic 3D structure of circularly polarized light, nanoarchitectures with structural chirality in 3D space are usually required to achieve “full” chiroptical response. On the other hand, due to the lack of available active materials at optical wavelengths, examples of chiral photonic devices that can be tuned in an active manner remain rare. Here, based on the large Kerr nonlinearities of silicon, the nonlinear chiroptical response from a planar Si metasurface supporting high quality ( Q )‐factor guided mode resonances (GMRs) at near‐infrared wavelengths, are numerically demonstrated. In the linear regime, the optical anisotropy of the C 2 ‐symmetric structure associated with the observed GMRs leads to a pair of chiral resonance modes, enabling pronounced cross‐polarization transmission circular dichroism and a strong handedness‐dependent field enhancement effect. Owing to the nonlinear Kerr effect, such Si metasurfaces are seen to exhibit prominent chiral‐selective optical nonlinearity. Importantly, a pronounced co‐polarization transmission circular dichroism is observed, suggesting that the circularly polarized waves in the nonlinear regime possess asymmetric Jones matrices. Dielectric chiral metasurfaces with Kerr nonlinearities can be utilized to facilitate polarization‐state modulators with simple planar structures.
Supplementary Table 1 from A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Neoadjuvant Degarelix versus LHRH Agonist in Prostate Cancer Patients Prior to Radical Prostatectomy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Safety Data&lt;/p&gt;
Sensor Network Tomography (2002)

Wireless sensor networks have been attracting increasing research interest given the recent advances in miniaturization and low-cost, low-power design. Consisting of a large collection of small wireless, low-power, unattended sensors and/or actuators, wireless sensor network technology poses its unique design challenges. Given their unattended nature and their complexity, it is critical that the users be given continuously updated indications of the sensor network health, i.e., explicit knowledge of the overall state of the sensor network after deployment. We call such indications of network health scans. Such macroscopic view of resources or activities in large sensor networks can provide users early warning of system failure, aid in incremental deployment of sensors, or tuning sensor collaboration algorithms.Monitoring wireless sensor networks leads to different challenges compared to existing diagnosis protocols for the Internet, or monitoring systems in other domains such as telecommunication networks, or power generation systems. The monitoring system should introduce minimal impact on network lifetime, scale with network size, yet preserve the fidelity of the overall picture. We propose Sensor Network Tomography to construct abstracted scans of sensor network health by applying localized algorithms in sensor networks for energy-efficient in-network aggregation of local representations of scans. Rather than collect detailed state information from each individual sensor node and then process centrally, this technique builds a composite scan by combining local scans piecewise on their way towards a collecting point. When local scans are aggregated, detailed information at an individual node may be lost. However, the compactness of such an abstracted representation can reduce the communication and processing cost significantly.
Impact of Directive Visual Information on Driver's Emergency Behavior (2018)

Advances in autonomous driving will inevitably decrease the opportunities of human drivers to manually maneuver in normal situations, and this will make it difficult for a driver to constantly keep his/her concentration on the driving task. On the other hand, until fully autonomous driving becomes a reality, human drivers will still be required to continuously monitor an autonomous system and be able to immediately take over the driving task if necessary (e.g., during a system failure). This study's simulator-based experiments investigate the relationship between a driver's emergency behaviors and the information displayed to the driver. In the experiment, the subject participates in simulated autonomous driving where his/her vehicle runs in the center lane of a three-lane highway in a low-visibility (fog) situation. After a 7- to 8-minute drive, the subject encounters an emergency situation where an obstacle vehicle with flashing hazard lamps appears in front of the subject's vehicle. In this situation, only a simple warning sign and an alarm sound are displayed to half of the experiment's subjects. To the remaining haif, directive visual information (an arrow sign) to indicate the steering direction was displayed on a HUD (head-up display) area in addition to the warning sign and alarm sound. The experimental results suggest a strong ability of the directive information to change the driver's behavior in emergency situations.
Analysis and implementation of an implicitly restarted Arnoldi iteration (1996)

The Arnoldi algorithm, or iteration, is a computationally attractive technique for computing a few eigenvalues and associated invariant subspace of large, often sparse, matrices. The method is a generalization of the Lanczos process and reduces to that when the underlying matrix is symmetric. This thesis presents an analysis of Sorensen's Implicitly Re-started Arnoldi iteration, (scIRA-iteration), by exploiting its relationship with the scQR algorithm. The goal of this thesis is to present numerical techniques that attempt to make the scIRA-iteration as robust as the implicitly shifted scQR algorithm. The benefit is that the Arnoldi iteration only requires the computation of matrix vector products w = Av at each step. It does to rely on the dense matrix similarity transformations required by the EISPACK and LAPACK software packages.\nFive topics form the contribution of this dissertation. The first topic analyzes re-starting the Arnoldi iteration in an implicit or explicit manner. The second topic is the numerical stability of an scIRA-iteration. The forward instability of the scQR algorithm and the various schemes used to re-order the Schur form of a matrix are fundamental to this analysis. A sensitivity analysis of the Hessenberg decomposition is presented. The practical issues associated with maintaining numerical orthogonality among the Arnoldi/Lanczos basis vectors is the third topic. The fourth topic is deflation techniques for an scIRA-iteration. The deflation strategies introduced make it possible to compute multiple or clustered eigenvalues with a single vector re-start method. The block Arnoldi/Lanczos methods commonly used are not required. The final topic is the convergence typical of an scIRA-iteration. Both formal theory and heuristics are provided for making choices that will lead to improved convergence of an scIRA-iteration.
Sequence specificity of the post-translational proteolytic cleavage of vicilin, a seed storage protein of pea (Pisum sativum L.) (1983)

Amino acid sequence data from vicilin of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were compared with predicted sequences from complementary DNA species. The sites of potential post-translational proteolytic cleavage of vicilin precursor polypeptides were located in polar regions of the polypeptide, at acidic or amide residues. Proteolysis did not take place in precursors containing a functionally distinct sequence: neutral residue-hydrophobic residue-basic residue at the cleavage site. Differences between the genomic sequences encoding vicilin thus specify proteolytic cleavage of vicilin precursor polypeptides.
Evaluation of a Polyepoxy Compound Fixed Biological Vascular Prosthesis and an Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Vascular Graft (1992)

Antithrombogenicity is one essential requirement for the successful use of small caliber vascular prostheses. In this study, a polyepoxy compound fixed, heparinized 4 mm diameter Baxter Denaflex vascular graft was evaluated against a 4 mm diameter Gore-Tex expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular graft in the canine model. In addition to the thromboresistant characteristic conferred by heparinization, the crosslinking agent allowed the Denaflex graft to retain the original color of the native artery. Six centimeter long graft segments were implanted into the carotid arteries bilaterally in 5 dogs. The patency rate at 3 months for the Denaflex graft was 100% (five out of five) whereas in the control ePTFE graft, it was 40% (two out of five). The explanted Denaflex grafts exhibited softness and flexibility, and their luminal surfaces maintained a white color like that before implantation. To the contrary, the patent ePTFE grafts felt hard, and red thrombi covered large portions on their inner surfaces. Under microscopic observation, neointima formation was limited to regions near the anastomotic sites for both types of grafts. This experiment showed that the Denaflex vascular graft has an excellent antithrombogenic property and has a compliance similar to native arteries.
Visualizing nanoscale 3D compositional fluctuation of lithium in advanced lithium-ion battery cathodes (2015)

The distribution of cations in Li-ion battery cathodes as a function of cycling is a pivotal characteristic of battery performance. The transition metal cation distribution has been shown to affect cathode performance; however, Li is notoriously challenging to characterize with typical imaging techniques. Here laser-assisted atom probe tomography (APT) is used to map the three-dimensional distribution of Li at a sub-nanometre spatial resolution and correlate it with the distribution of the transition metal cations (M) and the oxygen. As-fabricated layered Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 is shown to have Li-rich Li2MO3 phase regions and Li-depleted Li(Ni0.5Mn0.5)O2 regions. Cycled material has an overall loss of Li in addition to Ni-, Mn- and Li-rich regions. Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is shown to have a uniform distribution of all cations. APT results were compared to energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping with a scanning transmission electron microscope to confirm the transition metal cation distribution.
Fusion and Activation of Human Alveolar Macrophages Induced by Recombinant Interferon-γ and Their Suppression by Dexamethasone (1987)

Multinucleated giant cells appear in the inflamed tissues of granulomatous lung diseases. These giant cells are thought to be formed from macrophages by fusion, but its mechanism is not fully understood. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a lymphokine that activates macrophages. In this report, we examined the in vitro effect of recombinant IFN-gamma on activation and fusion of human alveolar macrophages. Adding IFN-gamma to the culture promoted fusion of alveolar macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but untreated control macrophages remained mostly mononuclear. The fusion rate attained a maximum of about 20% on Day 5, and the number of nuclei per cell increased in parallel with the increase in IFN-gamma concentration. Adding IFN-gamma also activated some functions of the alveolar macrophages, as measured by increased glucose consumption and cytostatic activity against HeLa cells. Maximal cytostatic activity was obtained by adding 1,000 units/ml of IFN-gamma. The glucose consumption of alveolar macrophages from patients with cancer was relatively low, but IFN-gamma restored their glucose consumption approximately to the level in a healthy volunteer and in patients with pneumonia. Dexamethasone inhibited both the fusion and the activation of alveolar macrophages induced by IFN-gamma. These results suggest that IFN-gamma is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary granuloma formation by inducing activation and fusion of alveolar macrophages. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone appears to reflect its therapeutic effects in treating patients with granulomatous lung diseases.
A conserved domain is present in different families of vesicular fusion proteins: A new superfamily (1997)

We have analyzed conserved domains in t-SNAREs [soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptors in the target membrane], proteins that are believed to be involved in the fusion of transport vesicles with their target membrane. By using a sensitive computer method, the generalized profile method, we were able to identify a new homology domain that is common in the two protein families previously identified to act as t-SNAREs, the syntaxin and SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) families, which therefore constitute a new superfamily. This homology domain of approximately 60 amino acids is predicted to form a coiled-coil structure. The significance of this homology domain could be demonstrated by a partial suppression of the coiled-coil properties of the domain profile. In proteins belonging to the syntaxin family, a single homology domain is located near the transmembrane domain, whereas the members of the SNAP-25 family possess two homology domains. This domain was also identified in several proteins that have been implicated in vesicular transport but do not belong to any of the t-SNARE protein families. Several new yeast, nematode, and mammalian proteins were identified that belong to the new superfamily. The evolutionary conservation of the SNARE coiled-coil homology domain suggests that this domain has a similar function in different membrane fusion proteins.
Publishing bibliographic data on the Semantic Web using BibBase (2013)

We present BibBase, a system for publishing and managing bibliographic data available in BiBTeX files. BibBase uses a powerful yet light-weight approach to transform BiBTeX files into rich Linked Data as well as custom HTML code and RSS feed that can
Forksheet FETs with Bottom Dielectric Isolation, Self-Aligned Gate Cut, and Isolation between Adjacent Source-Drain Structures (2022)

We report on forksheet field-effect transistors that are isolated from the substrate by bottom dielectric isolation (BDI) formed by replacing a SiGe epitaxial layer with a dielectric film while the devices are anchored to the substrate by forksheet walls. Functional unipolar forksheet devices with BDI are demonstrated for both N- and PMOS, for wall widths down to 10 nm. In addition, we describe a scheme to isolate adjacent source-drain structures by the forksheet dielectric wall. This scheme relies on increasing wall height, by means of active area patterning hard mask engineering, to compensate for wall losses in downstream process modules. Finally, self-alignment of gate cut to active is demonstrated morphologically.
Supplementary Tables from Wnt5a Drives an Invasive Phenotype in Human Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: Molecular Classification of Low-Grade and Anaplastic Gliomas; Table S2: WNT5A and FRIZZLED5 gene copy number in glioma tissues and hGBM TPCs; Table S3: Ingenuity analysis of the LVWnt5a classical TPCs genes demonstrating the associated cancer genes and molecular and cellular functions (5% FDR); Table S4: Ingenuity analysis of the LVWnt5a U87 and U87 vector genes demonstrating the associated cancer genes and molecular and cellular functions related to Cellular Movement (5% FDR); Table S5: Ingenuity Analysis of the Wnt5a^high Genes Demonstrating The Associated Cancer Genes Molecular and Cellular Function (5% FDR).&lt;/p&gt;
5 Translation Initiation by Viral Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (2007)

The initiation of protein synthesis is a complex and highly regulated process in all organisms. In eukaryotic cells, the 40S ribosomal subunit must be recruited to an mRNA and correctly positioned at the initiation codon prior to joining with the 60S subunit to form a translationally active complex. In most mRNAs, this step is initiated by an interaction of the cap-binding protein complex eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), composed of factors eIF4E, eIF4A, and eIF4G, with the m 7 GpppN cap structure, which is located at the 5′ end of all polymerase-II-transcribed mRNAs. Subsequently, the 40S subunit that carries the initiator methionyl-tRNA–eIF2–GTP complex is thought to attach at or near the 5′ end of the mRNA, aided by an interaction of 40S-associated factor eIF3 with eIF4G. The 40S subunit then scans the mRNA in a 5′ to 3′ direction until an appropriate AUG start codon is encountered where the 60S subunit joins to form a translation-competent 80S ribosome with the AUG positioned in the ribosomal P site (for review, see Kozak 1989; Dever 2002; Chapter 4). The mRNA is thought to have a passive role in this process, and typically lacks significant secondary structure upstream of the AUG start codon that might interfere with scanning. In intriguing contrast, certain viral mRNAs and cellular mRNAs that encode products involved in growth control, differentiation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis contain untranslated regions that are often highly conserved, may extend for several hundred nucleotides, and appear to contain extensive secondary and tertiary structures. As predicted...
The action of all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA) and synthetic retinoid analogues (EC19 and EC23) on human pluripotent stem cells differentiation investigated using single cell infrared microspectroscopy (2013)

All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is widely used to direct the differentiation of cultured stem cells. When exposed to the pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cell line, TERA2.cl.SP12, ATRA induces ectoderm differentiation and the formation of neuronal cell types. We have previously generated synthetic analogues of retinoic acid (EC23 and EC19) which also induce the differentiation of EC cells. Even though EC23 and EC19 have similar chemical structures, they have differing biochemical effects in terms of EC cell differentiation. EC23 induces neuronal differentiation in a manner similar to ATRA, whereas EC19 directs the cells to form epithelial-like derivatives. Previous MALDI-TOF MS analysis examined the response of TERA2.cl.SP12 cells after exposure to ATRA, EC23 and EC19 and further demonstrated the similarly in the effect of ATRA and EC23 activity whilst responses to EC19 were very different. In this study, we show that Fourier Transform Infrared Micro-Spectroscopy (FT-IRMS) coupled with appropriate scatter correction and multivariate analysis can be used as an effective tool to further investigate the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and monitor the alternative affects different retinoid compounds have on the induction of differentiation. FT-IRMS detected differences between cell populations as early as 3 days of compound treatment. Populations of cells treated with different retinoid compounds could easily be distinguished from one another during the early stages of cell differentiation. These data demonstrate that FT-IRMS technology can be used as a sensitive screening technique to monitor the status of the stem cell phenotype and progression of differentiation along alternative pathways in response to different compounds.
Validation of the Chinese SF-36 for quality of life assessment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2000)

We studied the reliability and validity of the Chinese Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) in a cross sectional study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Sixty-nine consecutive subjects completed a questionnaire containing the Chinese SF-36 twice within 14 d. Disease activity and damage were assessed using the British Isles Lupus Activity Group (BILAG) and SLICC/ACR Damage Index (DI) scales, respectively. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, reliability using Spearman's correlation and repeatability coefficients, and relationships between SF-36, BILAG and DI scores using Spearman's correlation. The Chinese SF-36 showed high internal consistency (alpha = 0.72-0.91) and good reliability, with correlations exceeding 0.70 for 7 scales and mean scale score differences of < 2 points for 6 scales. SF-36 scores correlated weakly with BILAG scores (-0.27 to -0.41) and DI scores (-0.24 to -0.35), and subjects' mean SF-36 scores were 6-24 points lower than the general population, supporting construct validity of the SP-36. These data suggest that the Chinese SF-36 is a reliable and valid measure of quality of life in patients with SLE.
Bionanofabrication of Nanostructures and Functional Materials (2009)

Abstract Owing to the increasing demand for miniaturized devices, and due to the limitations currently faced by conventional fabrication approaches, researchers aiming to construct nanometer‐scale devices have begun to explore novel bottom–up approaches lying at the interface of the inorganic and biological worlds. This article offers an overview of recent developments in bionanofabrication, as a unique approach for the manufacturing of inorganic nanostructures and materials with potential applications ranging from nanoelectronics, sensor devices to nanomedicine. First, two main areas of investigation are presented: (i) bionanofabrication via structural specificity of biomacromolecules and (ii) bionanofabrication via biochemical processes/catalytic activity in microorganisms (bacterial‐based bionanofabrication). This article will limit its discussion to bionanofabrication approaches that make use of DNA, proteins, and bacterial cells for the synthesis and organization of nanostructures and materials of (bio) technological relevance, such as metallic and semiconducting nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanotubes) and polymer‐based nanostructured materials. Finally, the advantages, limitations, and future directions of the bionanofabrication approach will be discussed.
Photonic integration of plasmonic Magneto-optical waveguide and Si nanowire waveguide (2017)

The fabrication technology of a low-propagation-loss plasmonic waveguide and the technology of the monolithical integration of a plasmonic and Si nanowire waveguides were established. It was found that both the out-of-plane confinement and the in-plane confinement are critically important in order to obtain a low propagation loss of a surface plasmon. Longdistance propagation of a surface plasmon on the surface of a ferromagnetic metal was demonstrated. A low propagation loss of 0.7 dB/μm for a surface plasmon in a Co/TiO2/SiO2 plasmonic structure on a Si substrate were achieved.