gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of bone‐derived chondrogenesis‐stimulating activity on embryonic limb mesenchymal cells in vitro (1990)

Abstract. Demineralized bone matrix contains factors which stimulate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in vivo. A water‐soluble extract of bone has been shown to stimulate chondrogenesis in vitro in embryonic limb mesenchymal cells (Syftestad, Lucas &amp; Caplan, 1985). The aim of this study was to analyse the cellular mechanism of the bone‐derived chondrogenesis‐stimulating activity, with particular attention on how normal requirements for chondrogenesis may be altered. The effects of bovine bone extract (BBE) on chondrogenesis in vitro were studied using micromass cultures of chick limb bud mesenchyme isolated from embryos at Hamburger‐Hamilton (HH) stage 23/24, an experimental system which is capable of undergoing chondrogenic differentiation. Bovine diaphyseal long bones were demineralized and extracted with guanidine‐HCl to prepare BBE (Syftestad &amp; Caplan, 1984). High‐density mesenchyme cultures (30 times 10 6 cells/ml) were exposed to different doses of BBE (0–01‐1‐0 mg ml ‐1 ) and chondrogenesis was quantified based on cartilage nodule number and [ 35 S]sulphate incorporation. BBE was tested on micromass cultures of varying plating densities (2–30 times 10 6 cells/ml), on cultures of ‘young’ limb bud cells (HH stage 17/18), and on cultures enriched with chondroprogenitor cells obtained from subridge mesoderm. Since poly‐L‐lysine (PL) has recently been shown (San Antonio &amp; Tuan, 1986) to promote chondrogensis, PL and BBE were introduced together in different doses, in the culture medium, to determine if their actions were synergistic. Our results show that BBE stimulates chondrogenesis in a dose‐dependent manner and by a specific, direct action on the chondroprogenitor cells but not in normally non‐chondrogenic, low density or ‘young’ limb bud cell cultures. The effects of PL and BBE are additive and these agents appear to act by separate mechanisms to stimulate chondrogenesis; PL primarily enhances nodule formation, and BBE appears to promote nodule growth.
Wideband and efficient wavelength conversion based on absorption modulation of a Fabry-Perot laser diode (2004)

An wideband and efficient wavelength conversion based on the absorption modulation of a Fabry-Perot laser diode is proposed. The experimental results show an 50 nm wavelength conversion range with more than 10 dB extinction ratios.
Effects of cathode thickness and thermal treatment on the design of balanced blue light-emitting polymer device (2004)

The interface between layered conjugated polymer and electrode is a most important factor to improve the performance and lifetime of polymeric light-emitting devices (PLEDs). In this work, a blue PLED with improved stability was achieved by the combination of optimized cathode structure as well as thermal treatment of light-emitting polymer (LEP). Experimental evidence of the initial luminance “settling in” stage was found to be dependent upon the cathode structure, while the long-term slope of luminance as a function of elapsed time is governed by the annealing conditions. Our study revealed the importance of extrinsic design of device for the improvement of PLED stability. Experimental data shows that a blue PLED annealed at 170°C and 6nm LiF at LiF∕Ca∕Al cathode retained the best lifetime, which can be explained by the improved polymer–metal interface and LEP’s charge mobility.
Insights into the Evolution of Longevity from the Bowhead Whale Genome (2015)

The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is estimated to live over 200 years and is possibly the longest-living mammal. These animals should possess protective molecular adaptations relevant to age-related diseases, particularly cancer. Here, we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of the bowhead whale genome and two transcriptomes from different populations. Our analysis identifies genes under positive selection and bowhead-specific mutations in genes linked to cancer and aging. In addition, we identify gene gain and loss involving genes associated with DNA repair, cell-cycle regulation, cancer, and aging. Our results expand our understanding of the evolution of mammalian longevity and suggest possible players involved in adaptive genetic changes conferring cancer resistance. We also found potentially relevant changes in genes related to additional processes, including thermoregulation, sensory perception, dietary adaptations, and immune response. Our data are made available online (http://www.bowhead-whale.org) to facilitate research in this long-lived species.
Hybridization of the Negative Index Response by Resonant Coupling to a Dipole Absorber inside a Metamaterial (2010)

We demonstrate a resonant coupling and hybridization between the structural resonance in the permeability of a fishnet and a material resonance in the dielectric spacer layer. Experimental data shows a good agreement with theory.
FB3480 NEW HIGH SPEED CURRENT MODE CONTROL IC MASTER CHIP (1989)

The concept of a reconfigurable high speed switching regulator controller integrated circuit is introduced. The FB3480 is an analog array chip with several pre-optimized functional blocks usually found in high performance controllers. In addition the chip has several large sections that can be reconfigured to meet additional specific design needs. The FB3480 contains a high speed error amplifier (BW>4MHz), a precision bandgap voltage reference (l%), a precision high speed oscillator (f>lMHz), dual totem pole output stages (IOUT>1.5A), undervoltage lockout, high speed ECL /EFL logic and many uncommitted components for circuit customization. Th following is a discussion of the FB3480 along with two of its derivatives, th ML4825 and the ML4809.
Visualization of structural evolution and phase distribution of a lithium vanadium oxide (Li1.1V3O8) electrode via an operando and in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction technique (2017)

Li<sub>1+n</sub>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (n = 0-0.2) has been extensively investigated as a cathode material for Li ion batteries because of its superior electrochemical properties including high specific energy and good rate capability. In this paper, a synchrotron based energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD) technique was employed to profile the phase transitions and the spatial phase distribution of a Li<sub>1.1</sub>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> electrode during electrochemical (de)lithiation in situ and operando. As annealing temperature during the preparation of the Li<sub>1.1</sub>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> material has a strong influence on the morphology and crystallinity, and consequently influences the electrochemical outcomes of the material, Li<sub>1.1</sub>V<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> materials prepared at two different temperatures, 500 and 300 °C (LVO500 and LVO300), were employed in this study. The EDXRD spectra of LVO500 and LVO300 cells pre-discharged at C/18, C/40 and C/150 were recorded in situ, and phase localization and relative intensity of the peaks were compared. For cells discharged at the C/18 rate, although α and β phases were distributed uniformly within the LVO500 electrode, they were localized on two sides of the LVO300 electrode. Discharging rates of C/40 and C/150 led to homogeneous β phase formation in both LVO500 and LVO300 electrodes. Furthermore, the phase distribution as a function of position and (de)lithiation extent was mapped operando as the LVO500 cell was (de)lithiated. The operando data indicate that (1) the lithiation reaction initiated from the side of the electrode facing the Li anode and proceeded towards the side facing the steel can, (2) during discharge the phase transformation from a Li-poor to a Li-rich α phase and the formation of a β phase can proceed simultaneously in the electrode after the first formation of a β phase, and (3) the structural evolution occurring during charging is not the reverse of that during discharge and takes place homogenously throughout the electrode.
Identification of toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains by using a toxin A gene-specific probe (1990)

A 4.5-kilobase PstI fragment encoding part of the toxin A gene was isolated and used as a DNA probe in colony hybridization studies with 58 toxigenic and 17 nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile strains. All 58 toxigenic strains showed positive hybridization, in contrast to the 17 nontoxigenic strains. Southern blot analysis with the toxin A gene probe showed hybridization to a single fragment of equal intensities for HindIII-digested genomic DNAs isolated from C. difficile strains of wide-ranging toxin production. The positive hybridization signals were due to fragments of heterogeneous lengths (9 to 13 kilobases) for toxigenic strains of different types but were absent for the nontoxigenic strains. These results suggest the presence of a single copy of the toxin A gene on the genome of C. difficile strains, and the wide variation of toxin expression is not a reflection of gene copy number. The lack of toxin activity for nontoxigenic strains can be explained by the absence of at least part of the toxin A gene. The toxin A gene probe was tested against clostridial strains from 18 other species, of which only toxigenic C. sordellii strains showed positive hybridization. The specificity of the toxin A gene probe for toxigenic strains may lead to improved methods for the specific identification of toxigenic C. difficile strains from clinical specimens.
The effect of tuning the microstructure of TIPS-tetraazapentacene on the performance of solution processed thin film transistors (2016)

We report a comprehensive study of the symmetrical 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)tetraazapentacene used as an electron transporting material in organic field-effect transistors deposited by spin/zone-casting.
Coherent Addition Of Laser Arrays Using Binary Optics (2005)

Coherent beam superposition has been demonstrated using binary-phase grating couplers. The method of Amplitude-to-Phase conversion has been used to completely fill the laser array aperture with a uniform beam, concentrating the far-field energy into the centrallobe. Diffractive coupling using the Talbot Effect has been demonstrated and miniature Talbot cavities with direct lateral mode control have been made. The lateral modes of the miniature Talbot cavity are controlled by the cavity length and position of the reflective coating at the output coupling mirror. A figure shows the design of this Talbot cavity along with a measurement of its far-field output pattern. The output is nearly diffraction-limited. The most promising techniques involve miniaturized cavity designs which can be monolithically integrated. The Coupled Micro-Cavity with hybrid reflective / diffractive binary optical elements is a compact cavity which is designed on a single substrate. A figure shows how the nearest neighbor reflective coupling works in this cavity. The experimental far-field output from this device is also shown.
Magneto-Optical Figure-of-Merit Parameters of Localized Modes in One-Dimensional Magnetophotonic Crystals. (1999)

Magneto-optical (MO) figure-of-merit parameters of localized modes in one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals (1D-MPC) with bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Bi:YIG) film were studied numerically by using the matrix approach based on the 4 × 4 matrix formalism. The structure of 1D-MPC is expressed as (SiO2/SiN)R/Bi:YIG/(SiN/SiO2)R with the stacking number R, where the Bi:YIG interlayer acts as a defect supporting the magneto-optically active localized modes. The study revealed that the localized modes exhibit large figure-of-merit parameters with very thin Bi:YIG layers; for instance, when R = 10 and dM (Bi:YIG thickness) = 0.15 μm, the first localized mode at λ ≈ 650 nm exhibits T (transmissivity) ≈ 50% and θF (Faraday rotation) = -6 deg., resulting in a figure-of-merit of QF = T1/2|θF| ≈ 4 deg. for the Faraday operation, while the localized mode shows R (reflectivity) ≈ 8% and θK (Kerr rotation)=16 deg., yielding QK=R1/2|θK| ≈ 4.5 for the Kerr operation. These results strongly indicate that the 1D-MPC structure is very effective for realizing large figure-of-merit parameters (comparable to those of Bi:YIG bulk materials) by using very thin Bi:YIG layers.
How does temperature trigger biofilm adhesion and growth in Candida albicans and two non‐Candida albicans Candida species? (2021)

This strain-dependent response is probably instrumental to guarantee the best success to cells for the infection, attachment and growth to occur. These observations reinforce the concept of temperature as a major trigger in the evolution of these species especially in this period of increasing environmental temperatures and excessive domestic heating.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Preventing Postoperative Metastatic Disease by Inhibiting Surgery-Induced Dysfunction in Natural Killer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 142K, Surgery does not alter non-NK immune cell populations or impair NK cell accumulation in lymph nodes&lt;/p&gt;
Site-directed Mutagenesis of CC Chemokine Receptor 1 Reveals the Mechanism of Action of UCB 35625, a Small Molecule Chemokine Receptor Antagonist (2004)

The chemokine receptor CCR1 and its principal ligand, CCL3/MIP-1alpha, have been implicated in the pathology of several inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and asthma. As such, these molecules are the focus of much research with the ultimate aim of developing novel therapies. We have described previously a non-competitive small molecule antagonist of CCR1 (UCB 35625), which we hypothesized interacted with amino acids located within the receptor transmembrane (TM) helices (Sabroe, I., Peck, M. J., Jan Van Keulen, B., Jorritsma, A., Simmons, G., Clapham, P. R., Williams, T. J., and Pease, J. E. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 25985-25992). Here we describe an approach to identifying the mechanism by which the molecule antagonizes CCR1. Thirty-three point mutants of CCR1 were expressed transiently in L1.2 cells, and the cells were assessed for their capacity to migrate in response to CCL3 in the presence or absence of UCB 35625. Cells expressing the mutant constructs Y41A (TM helix 1, or TM1), Y113A (TM3), and E287A (TM7) were responsive to CCL3 but resistant to the antagonist, consistent with a role for the TM helices in CCR1 interactions with UCB 35625. Subsequent molecular modeling successfully docked the compound with CCR1 and suggests that the antagonist ligates TM1, 2, and 7 of CCR1 and severely impedes access to TM2 and TM3, a region thought to be perturbed by the chemokine amino terminus during the process of receptor activation. Insights into the mechanism of action of these compounds may facilitate the development of more potent antagonists that show promise as future therapeutic agents in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Influence of DNA extraction methods on relative telomere length measurements and its impact on epidemiological studies. (2016)

Measurement of telomere length is widely used in epidemiologic studies. Insufficient standardization of the measurements processes has, however, complicated the comparison of results between studies. We aimed to investigate whether DNA extraction methods have an influence on measured values of relative telomere length (RTL) and whether this has consequences for epidemiological studies. We performed four experiments with RTL measurement in quadruplicate by qPCR using DNA extracted with different methods: 1) a standardized validation experiment including three extraction methods (magnetic-particle-method EZ1, salting-out-method INV, phenol-chloroform-isoamyl-alcohol PCI) each in the same 20 samples demonstrated pronounced differences in RTL with lowest values with EZ1 followed by INV and PCI-isolated DNA; 2) a comparison of 307 samples from an epidemiological study showing EZ1-measurements 40% lower than INV-measurements; 3) a matching-approach of two similar non-diseased control groups including 143 pairs of subjects revealed significantly shorter RTL in EZ1 than INV-extracted DNA (0.844 0.157 vs. 1.357 0.242); 4) an association analysis of RTL with prevalent cardiovascular disease detected a stronger association with INV than with EZ1-extracted DNA. In summary, DNA extraction methods have a pronounced influence on the measured RTL-values. This might result in spurious or lost associations in epidemiological studies under certain circumstances.
Activation drives PD‐1 expression during vaccine‐specific proliferation and following lentiviral infection in macaques (2008)

Recent data supports that increased expression of PD-1, a negative regulator of immune function, is associated with T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection. However, PD-1 expression during acute infection and vaccination has not been studied in great detail in primates. Here, we examine PD-1 expression on CD3(+) T cells following DNA vaccination or lentiviral infection of macaques. Ex vivo peptide stimulation of PBMC from DNA-vaccinated uninfected macaques revealed a temporal increase in PD-1 expression in proliferating antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Following the initial increase, PD-1 expression steadily declined as proliferation continued, with a concomitant increase in IFN-gamma secretion. Subsequent examination of PD-1 expression on T cells from uninfected and lentivirus-infected non-vaccinated macaques revealed a significant increase in PD-1 expression with lentiviral infection, consistent with previous reports. PD-1 expression was highest on cells with activated memory and effector phenotypes. Despite their decreased telomere length, PD-1(hi) T cell populations do not appear to have statistically significant uncapped telomeres, typically indicative of proliferative exhaustion, suggesting a different mechanistic regulation of proliferation by PD-1. Our data indicate that PD-1 expression is increased as a result of T cell activation during a primary immune response as well as during persistent immune activation in macaques.
RNA polymerase III transcription in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1994)

The yeast RNA polymerase III system is probably the best-characterized eukaryotic transcription system. Nearly all of the components have been identified and the genes for them cloned. Many of the interactions within initiation complexes are coming to light. Considering the many parallels between Pol III transcription and the other polymerase systems, findings in the Pol III system can act as predictions for Pol II and Pol I transcription. Despite the many advances made in the study of transcription by RNA polymerase III, many important questions remain to be answered. It is unclear what are the functions of individual TFIIIC, TFIIIB and polymerase subunits. Why are so many proteins required? Another extremely important mystery is the mechanism by which the factors assemble. What is the molecular mechanism for TFIIIC recruiting TFIIIB, and how does TFIIIB recruit polymerase? These and many other problems will eventually be solved as researchers apply the biochemical and genetic techniques available in the yeast system.
13 C NMR Studies of the Redox and Exchange Reactions of Gold(I) Thiomalate with Diselenides (2002)

Exchange reactions of gold(I) thiomalate (AuStm) n with two diselenides (RSe-SeR), selenocystine and selenocystamine have been studied in D 2 O by 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Upon interaction of diselenides with (AuStm) n , the Se-Se bond is broken, resulting in the formation of RSe-Stm and (AuSeR) n species. RSe-Stm on further decomposition leads to the formation of thiomalic disufide (Stm) 2 . The second order rate constant was determined for the decomposition of RSe-Stm species and is found to be 3.21 10 4 l mol 1 s 1 . The intensity of thiomalic disulfide resonances increases, while the intensity of RSe-Stm resonances decreases with time. The end result of both reactions is the formation of (Stm) 2 and the deposition of metallic gold and brown ppts. In both cases exchange takes place immediately, however, the overall reaction of (AuStm) n with selenocystamine was faster than with selenocystine.
Environment representation using multiple abstraction levels (1996)

This paper describes an approach to building a hierarchy of maplike descriptions of an initially unknown environment using a mobile robot. High-level tasks require a symbolic and qualitative description of space, yet this remains a stable and consistent method for defining specific regions of interest. The paper describes a hierarchy of spatial abstractions and a classification scheme for spatial regions to be used in navigation and mapping. In particular, the problem of maintaining a stable description of the environment that can be used for symbol extraction receives attention. By combining signal-domain analysis for initial processing of sonar and video data in conjunction with geometric processing for symbolic map data constructed from the sonar data, robust navigation becomes possible. Geometric map construction is based on range data, with sonar data used as an example. Recalibration of the robot's position, however, is critical to this task. Two different and complementary forms, of localization algorithm are described. One of these is based on simple geometric modeling of range data points, followed by data-to-object matching. The second method depends less strongly on a simple environment geometry and is based on image data.
Does Total Body Irradiation Conditioning Improve Outcomes of Myeloablative Human Leukocyte Antigen–Identical Sibling Transplantations for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? (2013)

An allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from an HLA-identical donor after high-dose (myeloablative) pretransplantation conditioning is an effective therapy for some people with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Because CLL is a highly radiosensitive cancer, we hypothesized that total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning regimens may be associated with better outcomes than those without TBI. To answer this, we analyzed data from 180 subjects with CLL receiving myeloablative doses of TBI (n = 126) or not (n = 54), who received transplants from an HLA-identical sibling donor between 1995 and 2007 and reported to the Center for International Blood & Marrow Transplant Research. At 5 years, treatment-related mortality was 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39% to 57%) versus 50% (95% CI, 36% to 64%); P = NS. Relapse rates were 17% (95% CI, 11% to 25%) versus 22% (95% CI, 11% to 35%); P = NS. Five-year progression-free survival and overall survival were 34% (95% CI, 26% to 43%) versus 28% (95% CI, 15% to 42%); P = NS and 42% (95% CI, 33% to 51%) versus 33% (95% CI, 19% to 48%); P = NS, respectively. The single most common cause of death in both cohorts was recurrent/progressive CLL. No variable tested in the multivariate analysis was found to significantly affect these outcomes, including having failed fludarabine. Within the limitations of this study, we found no difference in HLA-identical sibling transplantation outcomes between myeloablative TBI and chemotherapy pretransplantation conditioning in persons with CLL.
Integrated-optic multi/demultiplexer for mode division multiplexed transmission (2014)

We review our proposed PLC-based mode multi/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) for mode division multiplexing (MDM) transmission. In addition, we introduce an LP11 mode rotator for PLC-based mode MUX/DEMUX designed to increase the multiplexed mode number.
Predictors of Cerebral Microembolization during Phased Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Role of the Ongoing Rhythm and the Site of Energy Delivery (2014)

Both the ongoing rhythm during ED and the site of ablation influence microembolus generation during PVAC ablation procedures.