gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A reduced order admittance model for longitudinally loaded plasmonic nanorod antennas (2015)

It is demonstrated that the well-known network theory originally developed for microwave circuits can be successfully applied in the case of longitudinally loaded plasmonic nanorod antennas. By choosing different material constitution for the two loading volumes the antenna's input admittance can be custom engineered and thus its optical response can be tuned as desired. The realization of the proposed technique requires that the appropriate terminal ports be defined across the nanorod where the necessary voltage and current quantities can be probed. Then a reduced order admittance matrix of the loaded nanoantenna can be trivially extracted. Furthermore, analytical expressions are derived that very accurately characterize the loading volumes in terms of their admittance. The combination of the admittance matrix information along with admittance characterization of the loading volumes provides a compact computational tool that allows the antenna's optical response to be predicted without having to run lengthy full wave scattering simulations.
Role of NADþ in regulating cellular andmetabolic signaling pathways (2021)

Background: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical coenzyme present in every living cell, is involved in a myriad of metabolic processes associated with cellular bioenergetics. For this reason, NAD+ is often studied in the context of aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Scope of review: Cellular NAD+ depletion is associated with compromised adaptive cellular stress responses, impaired neuronal plasticity, impaired DNA repair, and cellular senescence. Increasing evidence has shown the efficacy of boosting NAD+ levels using NAD+ precursors in various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding into the role of NAD+ in aging and other pathologies and discusses potential therapeutic targets. Major conclusions: An alteration in the NAD+/NADH ratio or the NAD+ pool size can lead to derailment of the biological system and contribute to various neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and tumorigenesis. Due to the varied distribution of NAD+/NADH in different locations within cells, the direct role of impaired NAD+-dependent processes in humans remains unestablished. In this regard, longitudinal studies are needed to quantify NAD+ and its related metabolites. Future research should focus on measuring the fluxes through pathways associated with NAD+synthesis and degradation. Background: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical coenzyme present in every living cell, is involved in a myriad of metabolic processes associated with cellular bioenergetics. For this reason, NAD+ is often studied in the context of aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Scope of review: Cellular NAD+ depletion is associated with compromised adaptive cellular stress responses, impaired neuronal plasticity, impaired DNA repair, and cellular senescence. Increasing evidence has shown the efficacy of boosting NAD+ levels using NAD+ precursors in various diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding into the role of NAD+ in aging and other pathologies and discusses potential therapeutic targets. Major conclusions: An alteration in the NAD+/NADH ratio or the NAD+ pool size can lead to derailment of the biological system and contribute to various neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and tumorigenesis. Due to the varied distribution of NAD+/NADH in different locations within cells, the direct role of impaired NAD+-dependent processes in humans remains unestablished. In this regard, longitudinal studies are needed to quantify NAD+ and its related metabolites. Future research should focus on measuring the fluxes through pathways associated with NAD+ synthesis and degradation.
Increasing Supercapacitor Capacitance by Decreasing Pore Size (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Abstract 3711: Erk inhibition as a therapeutic option for the treatment of Raf- and Mek- inhibitor resistant tumors (2014)

Abstract The MAPK pathway represents a prime target for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Recent approvals of B-Raf and Mek inhibitors lead to exciting antitumor activities and survival benefits. However the observation of resistance to such Raf and Mek inhibitors has been documented in both clinical and preclinical trials. These phenomena stimulated further research into the regulation of the MAPK pathway and led to the suggestion to target the downstream kinase Erk, as well as to combine its targeting with Raf and Mek inhibitors. Here we report that Erk inhibitors result in efficient growth inhibition of tumor cells that are resistant to Raf and Mek inhibitors. AEZS-134 - a highly potent and selective ATP competitive Erk inhibitor - overcomes the Raf inhibitor induced paradoxical cell activation and the aquired resistance to Mek inhibitors in tumor cells. We demonstrate potent antiproliferative activity of AEZS-134 in B-Raf wildtype, B-RafV600E mutant, Ras wildtype and K-Ras mutant tumor cell lines in comparison to common Raf inhibitors. Furthermore we show that AEZS-134 is efficacious in Mek inhibitor resistant Hct116 and MDA MB231 cells which have been well characterized in terms of Mek F129L allosteric binding pocket mutation, varying degrees of K-Ras amplification, cellular proliferation assays and MAPK pathway phosphorylation studies. Our data provide a rational for new therapeutic opportunities by using Erk inhibitors in oncology. In order to maximize therapeutic benefit for patients and considering that Erk is directly downstream of B-Raf and Mek, targeting Erk may be more effective than targeting Raf or Mek in a variety of MAPK resistance settings. AEZS-134 and related compounds provide potent and selective tools to help address this question. Development of the Erk inhibitors by Æterna Zentaris is integral part of our inhouse kinase research program comprising the investigation of different compounds for single Erk inhibition, single PI3K inhibition and dual kinase inhibitions of Erk and PI3K. All compounds are exclusively synthesized by our medicinal chemistry department. Citation Format: Irene Seipelt, Peter Schmidt, Helene Maerzhaeuser, Matthias Gerlach, Kai Jung, Tilmann Schuster, Michael Teifel. Erk inhibition as a therapeutic option for the treatment of Raf- and Mek- inhibitor resistant tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3711. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3711
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYTICAL MODEL FOR AN AXIAL-FIELD MAGNETIC COUPLING (2014)

International audience
Probing topological protection using a designer surface plasmon structure (2016)

Abstract Topological photonic states, inspired by robust chiral edge states in topological insulators, have recently been demonstrated in a few photonic systems, including an array of coupled on-chip ring resonators at communication wavelengths. However, the intrinsic difference between electrons and photons determines that the ‘topological protection’ in time-reversal-invariant photonic systems does not share the same robustness as its counterpart in electronic topological insulators. Here in a designer surface plasmon platform consisting of tunable metallic sub-wavelength structures, we construct photonic topological edge states and probe their robustness against a variety of defect classes, including some common time-reversal-invariant photonic defects that can break the topological protection, but do not exist in electronic topological insulators. This is also an experimental realization of anomalous Floquet topological edge states, whose topological phase cannot be predicted by the usual Chern number topological invariants.
Use of Water-Soluble Sugars as Novel Cross-Linkers in Electrophilic Processes: Application to Negative-Tone Photoresists Based on Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Water-Soluble Sugars as Novel Cross-Linkers in Electrophilic Processes: Application to Negative-Tone Photoresists Based on Poly(4-hydroxystyrene)S. Ming Lee and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 10, 1838–1841Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00046a043https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00046a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anti-RA33 autoantibodies may recognize epitopes in the N-terminal region of hnRNP-A2 (RA33). (1995)

The nuclear autoantigen RA33, which is identical to the A2 protein of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP-A2), is a nucleic acid binding protein of 341 amino acids. The N-terminal part contains two RNA binding domains whereas the C-terminal part consists of a long glycine-rich region starting around amino acid 192. Autoantibodies to hnRNP-A2/RA33 can be detected in 20-40% of sera from RA, SLE and MCTD patients. So far, it has not been known which regions of A2/RA33 are recognized by these autoantibodies. To address this issue, tryptic fragments of natural A2/RA33 were investigated by immunoblotting using 14 sera from anti-RA33 positive patients with RA (n = 5), SLE (n = 5) and MCTD (n = 4). Most sera reacted with a 22 kD fragment comprising the N-terminal part of the protein. However, a smaller 18 kD fragment was recognized only by 3 RA and 3 MCTD sera whereas two of five SLE sera were reactive with two larger fragments of 26 and 29 kD. In order to further characterize the epitope(s) C-terminal deletion mutants of recombinant A2/RA33 were investigated by immunoblotting employing 27 sera from anti-RA33 positive patients with RA (n = 10), SLE (n = 8), and MCTD (n = 9). All sera recognized a fragment terminating at amino acid 212 which contained the complete N-terminal region as well as 20 amino acids of the glycine-rich section. Thus, these data indicate that the N-terminal part of A2/RA33 contains epitopes for antiA2/RA33 autoantibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rare mutations in the human Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) associated with lower blood pressure exhibit impaired processing and transport function (2011)

The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) is the major salt transport pathway in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and is part of the molecular mechanism for blood pressure regulation. Recent screening of ∼3,000 members of the Framingham Heart Study identified nine rare independent mutations in the gene encoding NKCC2 (SLC12A1) associated with clinically reduced blood pressure and protection from hypertension (Ji WZ, Foo JN, O'Roak BJ, Zhao H, Larson MG, Simon DB, Newton-Cheh C, State M, Levy D, Lifton RP. Nat Genet 40: 592-599, 2008). To investigate their functional consequences, we introduced the nine mutations in human NKCC2A and examined protein function, expression, localization, regulation, and ion transport kinetics using heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK-293 cells. When expressed in oocytes, four of the mutants (T235M, R302W, L505V, and P569H) exhibited reduced transport function compared with wild-type. In HEK-293 cells, the same four mutants exhibited reduced function, and in addition N399S and P1083A had significantly lower activity than wild-type. The two most functionally impaired mutants (R302W and L505V) exhibited dramatically diminished production of complex-glycosylated protein and a decrease in or absence of plasma membrane localization, indicative of a processing defect. All of the functional human (h) NKCC2A variants were regulated by changes in oocyte volume and intracellular chloride in HEK cells, but P254A and N399S exhibited a lower constitutive activity in HEK cells. The P569H mutant exhibited a 50% reduction in sodium affinity compared with wild-type, predicting lower transport activity at lower intratubular salt concentrations, while the P254A mutant exhibited a 35% increase in rubidium affinity. We conclude that defects in NKCC2 processing, transport turnover rate, regulation, and ion affinity contribute to impaired transport function in six of the nine identified mutants, providing support for the predictive approach of Ji et al. to identify functionally important residues by sequence conservation. Such mutations in hNKCC2A are likely to reduce renal salt reabsorption, providing a mechanism for lower blood pressure.
Fast Characterization of Input-Output Behavior of Non-Charge-Based Logic Devices by Machine Learning (2020)

Non-charge-based logic devices are promising candidates for the replacement of conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS) devices. These devices utilize magnetic properties to store or process information making them power efficient. Traditionally, to fully characterize the input-output behavior of these devices a large number of micromagnetic simulations are required, which makes the process computationally expensive. Machine learning techniques have been shown to dramatically decrease the computational requirements of many complex problems. We use state-of-the-art data-efficient machine learning techniques to expedite the characterization of their behavior. Several intelligent sampling strategies are combined with machine learning (binary and multi-class) classification models. These techniques are applied to a magnetic logic device that utilizes direct exchange interaction between two distinct regions containing a bistable canted magnetization configuration. Three classifiers were developed with various adaptive sampling techniques in order to capture the input-output behavior of this device. By adopting an adaptive sampling strategy, it is shown that prediction accuracy can approach that of full grid sampling while using only a small training set of micromagnetic simulations. Comparing model predictions to a grid-based approach on two separate cases, the best performing machine learning model accurately predicts 99.92% of the dense test grid while utilizing only 2.36% of the training data respectively.
Solid-state and diffusion NMR spectroscopy as applied to characterization of complex formulated products and biological materials (2016)

Solid-state and diffusion NMR spectroscopy are versatile tools that allow for studies of both structure and dynamics of complex solid and semisolid materials. We have developed a suit of pulse sequences based on polarization transfer that is readily applied to studies of formulations and their interactions with biological systems. In the present paper, we illustrate its applicability by using an incompletely hydrated surfactant system (tetradecyl-maltoside, C14G2) and skin (stratum corneum, SC) as examples. In the former case, solid-state NMR has allowed us to study the dynamics of the system at the level of individual functional groups, and also to derive the surprisingly complex C14G2-H2O phase diagram at water contents <5%. For SC, NMR data has allowed us to study the effect of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) on the dynamics of its lipid and protein constituents. The results challenge the conventional view that NMF protects the skin from dryness by increasing its water content.
Activated humic acids, their derivatives and technologies for effective and sustainable agriculture. (2011)

Organically produced Activated Humic Acids (AHA) and their derivatives (AHAD) may effectively benefit sustainable agriculture due to their positive impact to the soil, plants and nutrient uptake. AHA and AHAD’s biological, geological and chemical actions are caused by their specific active constituent, Polyelectrolyte-Enhanced Biopolymer (PEB). Its basic properties and functions are caused by optimal molecular mass distribution, active functional groups content, hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites, positively and negatively charged sites and specific interactions between molecules themselves and organic/ mineral soil compounds. Three groups of AHA and AHAD have been produced and systematically tested: soil conditioners, plant stimulators, and fertiliser stabilisers. They have similar bio-geo-chemical properties because the basic PEB properties and function result in increased soil organic matter content, water holding capacity, and native soil minerals content, better nutrient uptake, higher yield, etc. This work is focused on the AHA and AHAD’s impact on soil structure, properties, and potential fertility with respect to supporting sustainable agriculture.
Integrative genomics identifies DSCR1 (RCAN1) as a novel NFAT-dependent mediator of phenotypic modulation in vascular smooth muscle cells (2009)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) display remarkable phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental cues. The nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) family of transcription factors plays a critical role in vascular pathology. However, known functional NFAT gene targets in vascular SMCs are currently limited. Publicly available whole-genome expression array data sets were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes in human, mouse and rat SMCs. Comparison between vehicle and phenotypic modulatory stimuli identified 63 species-conserved, upregulated genes. Integration of the 63 upregulated genes with an in silico NFAT-ome (a species-conserved list of gene promoters containing at least one NFAT binding site) identified 18 putative NFAT-dependent genes. Further intersection of these 18 potential NFAT target genes with a mouse in vivo vascular injury microarray identified four putative NFAT-dependent, injury-responsive genes. In vitro validations substantiated the NFAT-dependent role of Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2/PTGS2) in SMC phenotypic modulation and uncovered Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1 (DSCR1/RCAN1) as a novel NFAT target gene in SMCs. We show that induction of DSCR1 inhibits calcineurin/NFAT signaling through a negative feedback mechanism; DSCR1 overexpression attenuates NFAT transcriptional activity and COX2 protein expression, whereas knockdown of endogenous DSCR1 enhances NFAT transcriptional activity. Our integrative genomics approach illustrates how the combination of publicly available gene expression arrays, computational databases and empirical research methods can answer specific questions in any cell type for a transcriptional network of interest. Herein, we report DSCR1 as a novel NFAT-dependent, injury-inducible, early gene that may serve to negatively regulate SMC phenotypic switching.
Characterization of nucleotide binding sites on chloroplast coupling factor 1 (1975)

A study of the equilibrium binding of ADP, 1,N6-ethenoadenosine diphosphate, adenylyl imidodiphosphate, and 1,N6-ethenoadenylyl imidodiphosphate to solubilized spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) has been carried out. All four nucleotides were found to bind to two apparently identical "tight" sites, with characteristic dissociation contants generally less than 10 muM. The binding to these "tight" sites is similar in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+, is stronger in 0.1 M NaC1 than in 20 mM Tris-C1, and is only slightly altered by heat activation. The slow rate of association of ADP and 1,N6-ethenoadenosine diphosphate at these sites rules out the possibility that they are catalytic sites for ATPase activity on the solubilized enzyme. A third tight site for adenylyl imidodiphosphate was found on the heat-activated enzyme. The dissociation constant for this interaction (7.6 muM) is similar to the adenylyl imidodiphosphate competitive inhibition constant for ATPase activity (4 muM). ADP, which inhibits ATPase activity but is not a strong competitive inhibitor, binds only weakly at a third site (dissociation constant greater than 70 muM). One mole of 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole reacted per mole of CF1 prevents ADP and adenylyl imidodiphosphate binding at the "catalytic" site and abolishes the ATPase activity. A model is proposed in which the "tight" nucleotide binding sites act as allosteric conformational switches for the ATPase activity of solubilizedCF1.
Theoretical study of B2H+4 and B2H4 (1989)

An ab initio molecular orbital study is presented of B2H+4 and B2H4 at the G1 level of theory, including correlation energy beyond fourth-order perturbation theory and large basis sets. The B2H+4 ion is predicted to have a nonplanar doubly hydrogen-bridged C2v structure [HB(H2)H]. For B2H4, two structures of nearly equal energy are found, confirming previous work by Mohr and Lipscomb. One is a nonplanar doubly hydrogen-bridged structure similar to the cation and the other is a D2d H2BBH2 structure. The theoretical results suggest that the recently measured appearance potential for B2H6→B2H+4+H2+e does not correspond to the lowest energy form of B2H+4, but rather to a triply bridged isomer closely related to the most stable form of B2H+5.
On-Chip Indirect Detection of Non-Fluorescent Analytes Using Fluorescent Spacers (2007)

We present a technique that accomplishes on-chip preconcentration, separation and indirect detection of nonfluorescent analytes by leveraging isotachophoresis (ITP) and a set of fluorescent species termed spacers. The non-fluorescent analyte zones are detected as dark zones/gaps between fluorescent spacer zones. The length of this gap quantifies the initial concentration of the non-fluorescent analyte and mobilities of the fluorescent spacers on either side provide the upper and lower bound for the analyte mobility. We have successfully demonstrated separation and detection of amino acids, serine and phenylalanine, as well as other organic acids, acetic acid and phenylpropionic acid with this technique. Using three fluorescent spacers, we were able to detect ∼10 μM concentration of non-fluorescent analytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Piston phase determination and its effect on multi-aperture image resolution recovery (2011)

Multi-aperture coherent LADAR techniques can be applied to generate high resolution images. When setting up a system with multiple sub-apertures, misalignment of the sub-apertures causes the beams entering the sub-apertures to have mismatched optical path lengths, which will degrade the image resolution. Post-processing using image sharpening techniques to correct for piston phase, as well as other aberration corrections, require computing power and time. We study whether the processing time can be shortened by providing measured piston phase information to the image sharpening algorithms. Simulations are used to demonstrate the usefulness of piston phase measurements. Simulations are presented showing the benefits of piston phase measurements for two or more sub-apertures. The speed of convergence for the sharpening algorithm both with and without the piston phase measurements are compared for multiple sub-aperture imaging.