gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of rf current and bias-field direction on the transition from linear to nonlinear gyrotropic dynamics in magnetic vortex structures (2022)

We present a frequency-domain study of the dynamic behavior of a magnetic vortex core within a single Permalloy disk by means of electrical detection and micromagnetic simulations. When exciting the vortex core dynamics in a nonlinear regime, the lineshape of the rectified dc signal reveals a resonance peak splitting which depends on the excitation amplitude. Using micromagnetic simulations, we show that at high excitation power the peak splitting originates from the nanosecond time scale quasiperiodic switching of the vortex core polarity. Using lock-in detection, the rectified voltage is integrated over a ms time scale, so that the net signal detected between the two resonant peaks for a given range of parameters cancels out. The results are in agreement with the reported effects of the in-plane static field magnitude on the gyration dynamics, and complement them by detailed analysis of the effects of the rf current amplitude and the azimuthal angle of the in-plane bias magnetic field. Systematic characterization shows that a transition from linear to nonlinear dynamical regime can be controlled by rf current as well as by varying the magnitude and the direction of the bias magnetic field.
21706 Finite element method analysis of residual stress changes in inter-metal dielectrics by CMP process (2007)

We simulated stress in inter-metal dielectrics at tungsten CMP process by finite element method analysis. We found that the stress in inter-metal dielectrics after releasing of residual stress of tungsten film was about 100 times larger than the stress to act by CMP. Consequently, it was very likely that the releasing of residual stress of tungsten film by CMP causes the failure of inter-metal dielectrics being observed after CMP. Therefore, reducing defect in inter-metal dielectrics and decreasing residual stress of tungsten film are important for preventing failure of inter-metal dielectrics.
An Application Strategy for Scm-L and Mcm-L Using High Density Laminate Technologies (2005)

As the electronics packaging industry turns toward MCM-L technology to provide higher performance, lower cost packaging solutions the demands on laminate technology increase. Increasing chip I/O places more challenging requirements on the laminate wiring density. The design considerations that drive circuit density are I/O escape and global interconnect. This paper discusses IBM Endicott's approach to addressing the escape requirements using a set of hi density laminate technologies. IBM's laminate carriers were designed to target a spectrum of chip I/O requirements. Of particular interest is the ability to escape multiple rows of flip chip I/O. Access to multiple wiring layers is necessary when the I/O are arranged in an array or perimeter array configuration. The key to accessing internal laminate layers is the capability to provide fine pitch vias with small capture lands. This paper discusses the approaches that IBM Microelectronics takes to provide the appropriate laminate solution for a given chip I/O configuration. Specific examples are presented to show how chip I/O density affects the physical characteristics of the laminate technology. Additional factors that must be carefully weighed include material properties, processing requirements, electrical and thermal performance, and connection to the next level of packaging. IBM's laminate carriers were designed to target a spectrum of chip I/O requirements. Of particular interest is the ability to escape multiple rows of flip chip I/O. Access to multiple wiring layers is necessary when the I/O are arranged in an array or perimeter array configuration. The key to accessing internal laminate layers is the capability to provide fine pitch vias with small capture lands. This paper discusses the approaches that IBM Microelectronics takes to provide the appropriate laminate solution for a given chip I/O configuration. Specific examples are presented to show how chip I/O density affects the physical characteristics of the laminate technology. Additional factors that must be carefully weighed include material properties, processing requirements, electrical and thermal performance, and connection to the next level of packaging.
Heating and Cooling (2009)

No AccessPlastics Manufacturing Systems EngineeringJun 2009Heating and CoolingDavid O. KazmerDavid O. Kazmerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446430143.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2009Pages: 47-83Print ISBN: 978-3-446-42014-4eISBN: 978-3-446-43014-3 Copyright & Permissions© 2009 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
ResGrid: A Grid-aware Toolkit for Reservoir Uncertainty Analysis (2006)

Many efforts in Grid communities have focused on middleware research and development. However, Grid application-level tools are needed which can build higherlevel functionality on top of core middleware services. We work with specific classes of scientific applications and present a Grid-aware toolkit ResGrid for reservoir uncertainty analysis. With the help of the ResGrid, a reservoir engineer can transparently take advantage of Grid resources and services for compute-intensive and dataintensive uncertainty analysis as well as enforce the understanding of reservoir modeling. In this paper, the ResGrid is introduced in terms of overview, architecture, and implementation status.
A High-Frequency Pulsating Signal Injection Technique for Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (2021)

Pulsating High Frequency (HF) signal injection is a sensorless rotor position detection technique that uses magnetic saliency to detect rotor position during both starting and low speed operation of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (IPMSMs). However, this technique fails to work on Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (SPMSMs) under all load conditions due to lack of magnetic saliency. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes an extended pulsating HF technique in which an artificial saliency is created by changing flux in the d axis, based on the knowledge of the load applied on the motor shaft. The consequent variation of the d and q axis inductances introduces sufficient magnetic saliency to detect the rotor position at all load conditions. Experimental results are presented to prove the validity of the proposed technique.
Trial-by-Trial Variations in Subjective Attentional State are Reflected in Ongoing Prestimulus EEG Alpha Oscillations (2011)

Parieto-occipital electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power and subjective reports of attentional state are both associated with visual attention and awareness, but little is currently known about the relationship between these two measures. Here, we bring together these two literatures to explore the relationship between alpha activity and participants' introspective judgments of attentional state as each varied from trial-to-trial during performance of a visual detection task. We collected participants' subjective ratings of perceptual decision confidence and attentional state on continuous scales on each trial of a rapid serial visual presentation detection task while recording EEG. We found that confidence and attentional state ratings were largely uncorrelated with each other, but both were strongly associated with task performance and post-stimulus decision-related EEG activity. Crucially, attentional state ratings were also negatively associated with prestimulus EEG alpha power. Attesting to the robustness of this association, we were able to classify attentional state ratings via prestimulus alpha power on a single-trial basis. Moreover, when we repeated these analyses after smoothing the time series of attentional state ratings and alpha power with increasingly large sliding windows, both the correlations and classification performance improved considerably, with the peaks occurring at a sliding window size of approximately 7 min worth of trials. Our results therefore suggest that slow fluctuations in attentional state in the order of minutes are reflected in spontaneous alpha power. Since these subjective attentional state ratings were associated with objective measures of both behavior and neural activity, we suggest that they provide a simple and effective estimate of task engagement that could prove useful in operational settings that require human operators to maintain a sustained focus of visual attention.
TIN-BASED GROUP IV SEMICONDUCTORS: New Platforms for Opto- and Microelectronics on Silicon (2006)

▪ Abstract New classes of Sn-containing group IV semiconductors are described. Novel CVD routes lead to growth of a broad range of Ge 1− y Sn y alloys and compounds directly on Si substrates. The direct bandgap (E 0 ) and optical transitions E 0 +Δ 0 , E 1 , E 1 +Δ 1 , E 0 ′, and E 2 of Ge 1− y Sn y exhibit strong nonlinearities in the compositional dependence, and their bowing parameters correlate with those in Ge 1 − x Si x , suggesting a scaling behavior for the electronic properties. The Ge 1− y Sn y films can be used as “virtual substrates” for the subsequent growth of Ge 1− x − y Si x Sn y ternaries. These are created for the first time and exhibit unprecedented thermal stability, superior crystallinity and unique optical and strain properties such as adjustable bandgaps, and controllable strain states (compressive, relaxed, and tensile). The synthesis of Ge 1− x − y Si x Sn y makes it possible to decouple strain and bandgap and adds new levels of flexibility to the design of group IV devices. The Ge-Si-Sn system also represents a new class of “designer” templates for the monolithic integration of III-V and II-VI semiconductors with Si electronics.
Generalized synthesis and applications of zero-impedance converter and its dual (1999)

We present a synthesis method for converting to zero a nonzero impedance or admittance. The former case is called a zero-impedance converter (ZIC). Its dual is the latter case, called the zero-admittance converter (ZAC). The ZIC comprises a current positive-feedback loop within a voltage negative-feedback loop. The ZAC comprises a voltage positive-feedback loop within a current negative-feedback loop. Exact expressions are derived for the required transfer functions of the feedback circuits in the positive-feedback loops, which perform the functions of the ZIC and the ZAC. In both cases, the negative feedback loop controls the system stability and dynamics. The synthesis method also simplifies the design of standard negative-feedback loops. The ZIC can be used for synthesizing load-independent constant-voltage power converters and voltage-source-fed motor drives. The ZAC can be used for synthesizing load-independent constant-current power converters and current-source-fed motor drives. The converters can be considered to approach the ideal Thevenin voltage source (ZIC) and the Norton current source (ZAG) in their transient responses and ideal sources in steady state.
Thermoelectric properties of Al 1− x In x N and InO s N t prepared by reactive radio frequency sputtering (2003)

With the aim of fabricating a thermoelectric power device using III-nitride semiconductors, we recently studied thermoelectric properties of Al1−xInxN and InOsNt prepared by radio-frequency sputtering. For Al0.55In0.45N, the maximum value of power factor was 3.63 × 10−4 W/mK2 at 873 K. For InO0.82N0.86, it was 3.75 × 10−4 W/mK2 at 973 K. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Filterless frequency octupling circuit using dual stage cascaded polarization modulators (2018)

This paper demonstrates the photonic generation of millimetre-wave carriers by frequency octupling of a radio frequency (RF) carrier using a circuit with two parallel arms each containing two polarization modulators in series. The low RF drive power required and the absence of optical filters make this architecture suitable for generating highly stable and tunable optical millimetre-waves. A transfer function representation is used to analyse the operation and a simulation using Virtual Photonic Inc. software package is presented as a proof of concept. The simulation results show very high unwanted optical and electrical side harmonic suppression ratio for a wide range of modulation index compared to the prior art. Further, considering the practical scenario, operating tolerance against the imbalances in the key parameters is established. The unwanted RF sidebands are more than 19 dB and 30 dB below the desired signal power even when a deviation of ±3° is considered in individual RF phase and polarizer angle respectively.
Dynamics of nanoparticle adhesion (2012)

We performed molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical analysis of nanoparticle pulling off from adhesive substrates. Our theoretical model of nanoparticle detachment is based on the Kramers' solution of the stochastic barrier crossing in effective one-dimensional potential well. The activation energy, ΔE, for nanoparticle detachment first decreases linearly with increasing the magnitude of the applied force, f, then it follows a power law ΔE [proportionality] (f* - f)(3/2) as magnitude of the pulling force f approaches a critical detachment force value, f*. These two different regimes in activation energy dependence on magnitude of the applied force are confirmed by analyzing nanoparticle detachment in effective one-dimensional potential obtained by weighted histogram analysis method. Simulations show that detachment of nanoparticle proceeds through neck formation such that magnitude of the activation energy is determined by balancing surface energy of the neck connecting particle to a substrate with elastic energy of nanoparticle deformation. In this regime the activation energy at zero applied force, ΔE(0), for nanoparticle with radius, R(p), shear modulus, G, surface energy, γ(p), and work of adhesion, W, is a universal function of the dimensionless parameter δ [proportionality] γ(p)W(-2/3)(GR(p))(-1/3). Simulation data are described by a scaling function ΔE(0) [proportionality] γ(p) (5/2)R(p)(1/2)G(-3/2)δ(-3.75). Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoparticle detachment show that the Kramers' approach fails in the vicinity of the critical detachment force f* where activation energy barrier becomes smaller than the thermal energy k(B)T. In the interval of the pulling forces f > f* nanoparticle detachment becomes a deterministic process.
The effect of carbon encapsulation on the magnetic properties of Ni nanoparticles produced by arc discharge in de-ionized water (2004)

Despite intensive research on optimizing the methods for depositing carbon encapsulated ferromagnetic nanoparticles, the effect of the carbon cages remains unclear. In the present work, the effect of the graphitic cages on the magnetization of the ferromagnetic core has been studied by comparing the magnetic properties of pure and carbon encapsulated Ni particles of the same size. The carbon encapsulated Ni particles were formed using an electric arc discharge in de-ionized water between a solid graphite cathode and an anode consisting of Ni and C in a mass ratio of Ni:C = 7:3. This method is shown to have potential for low cost production of carbon encapsulated Ni nanoparticle samples with narrow particle size distributions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis were used to study the crystallography, morphology, and size distribution of the encapsulated and pure Ni nanoparticle samples. The availability of encapsulated particles with various sizes allowed us to elucidate the role of carbon cages in size-dependent properties. Our data suggest that even though encapsulation is beneficial for protection against hostile chemical environments and for avoiding low proximity phenomena, it suppresses the saturation magnetization of the Ni cores.
Spatial Transformer K-Means (2022)

K-means defines one of the most employed centroid-based clustering algorithms with performances tied to the data's embedding. Intricate data embeddings have been designed to push $K$-means performances at the cost of reduced theoretical guarantees and interpretability of the results. Instead, we propose preserving the intrinsic data space and augment K-means with a similarity measure invariant to non-rigid transformations. This enables (i) the reduction of intrinsic nuisances associated with the data, reducing the complexity of the clustering task and increasing performances and producing state-of-the-art results, (ii) clustering in the input space of the data, leading to a fully interpretable clustering algorithm, and (iii) the benefit of convergence guarantees.
Abstracts (1999)

Recent advances in genetic technologies have enabled us to make proper diagnosis of various diseased in order to entertain efficient treatment. Major chromosomal abnormalities include structural abnormalities (deletion,translocation) and numbers of autosomes (aneuploidy of autosomes and sex chromosomes). Single gene defects include autosomal dominant disorders, X-linked disorders, mutation in single gene defects (gene deletion, point mutation) and mitochondrial disorders. Genetic alterations for oncogenesis include (1)amplification, mutation and translocation of oncogenes, (2)deletion and mutation of suppressor genes, and (3)mutator genes. Recently, the Mistry of Health and Welfare of Japan has proposed clarification of etiologic gene abnormalities for major diseases such as cancers, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, neurologic disease (such as Alzheimer disease). Especially, cancer therapy will focus on "tailor made therapy" based on gene analysis. In US, gene analysis has been of major commercial value for gene therapy. Histochemistry is expected to play an important role in genetic analyses at tissue and cell levels. The genetic technologies include (1)fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomal abnormalities, (2)in situ hybridization (ISH), in situ PCR, and in situ RT-PCR for the changes of DNA and RNA, (3)enhanced immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy for the gene products (proteins). Instrumentation includes confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), lader capture microdissection, DNA chip analyzer and staining automation. Among the gene based therapy for cancer, Herceptin is of special interests. It is immune based anti-cancer therapy by using humanized anti-HER2/neu monoclonal antibody. To select the effective cases with wide spread mammary carcinoma, IHC or FISH is used to analyze HER2/neu overexpression. In summary, histochemical technologies are expected to play essential roles in gene analysis both at basic and clinical fields.
Electro-optical characterization of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films by waveguide refractometry (1993)

Electric field-induced changes in the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices of a Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 thin film were independently determined using waveguide refractometry. Under an electric field, applied normal to the film plane and corresponding to saturation of the electric polarization, the ratio of the extraordinary to ordinary refractive index change (Δne/Δno) is found to be −4/1, contributing to a net birefringence change [Δ(ne-no)] of −0.021. Using this technique, both diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the electro-optic response tensor describing the macroscopic behavior of the polycrystalline film were accessed, illustrating the importance of this approach in evaluating orientation-specific electro-optic characteristics in these films.
MULTIHYPOTHESIS PICTURES FOR H.26L (2001)

Multihypothesis pictures are related to B pictures where two motion-compensated signals from previous and future reference frames are linearly combined for prediction. Multihypothesis pictures also linearly combine two motion-compensated signals but only from temporally previous reference frames. Consequently, multihypothesis pictures have the advantage that there is no extra coding delay like for B pictures. In addition, multihypothesis pictures are also used for reference to predict future multihypothesis pictures. We integrate multihypothesis prediction into the emerging H.26L standard by introducing one additional multihypothesis macroblock mode for low delay video coding which is similar to the bi-directional macroblock mode for B pictures. The current implementation achieves bit-rate savings up to 13% for the investigated test-sequences when compared to the H.26L test model.
A high-performance, flexible and robust metal nanotrough-embedded transparent conducting film for wearable touch screen panels (2016)

We report a high-performance, flexible and robust metal nanotrough-embedded transparent conducting hybrid film (metal nanotrough-GFRHybrimer). Using an electro-spun polymer nanofiber web as a template and vacuum-deposited gold as a conductor, a junction resistance-free continuous metal nanotrough network is formed. Subsequently, the metal nanotrough is embedded on the surface of a glass-fabric reinforced composite substrate (GFRHybrimer). The monolithic composite structure of our transparent conducting film allows simultaneously high thermal stability (24 h at 250 °C in air), a smooth surface topography (Rrms < 1 nm) and excellent opto-electrical properties. A flexible touch screen panel (TSP) is fabricated using the transparent conducting films. The flexible TSP device stably operates on the back of a human hand and on a wristband.
Intensive training on acoustics of pipe organs for organ builders and organists (1999)

A special course on acoustics is organized regularly in the Fraunhofer-Institute fr Bauphysik (IBP) for training pipe organ builders, official organ experts, and organists. The title of the 4-day intensive course is ‘‘Pipe Organ and Church Acoustics’’ and it is scheduled at the end of January every year, when most of the organ builders are less occupied than in other periods. The number of participants is limited to 20, but the course is repeated in February, if necessary. The working language of the course is German, but English and French are also possible. The curriculum of the course is based on the ongoing research on pipe organs in the IBP and it is divided to three parts: fundamentals of acoustics; recent results of research on organ and church acoustics; and laboratory demonstrations and practical applications. During the demonstrations there is a limited possibility to perform measurements suggested by the participants. The content of the lectures and demonstrations is upgraded every year with the newest results of the research. In this paper the experiences of the eight courses held up to now will be discussed. A short video clip showing some of the laboratory demonstrations will also be presented.
Powernet for distributed energy resource networks (2016)

We propose Powernet as an end-to-end open source technology for economically efficient, scalable and secure coordination of grid resources. It offers integrated hardware and software solutions that are judiciously divided between local embedded sensing, computing and control, which are networked with cloud-based high-level coordination for real-time optimal operations of not only centralized but also millions of distributed resources of various types. Our goal is to enable penetration of 50% or higher of intermittent renewables while minimizing the cost and address security and economical scalability challenges. In this paper we describe the basic concept behind Powernet and illustrate some components of the solution.