gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What is Crowdfunding? (2021)

In order to reveal how crowdfunding is different from mainstream finance, we first need to say something about the typical ways in which people understand and use their money. Since most people believe they cannot be trusted with money and so lack confidence when it comes to finance – a convenient story to tell people if you are running the financial system – it’s important to begin our journey in familiar territory. After all, it is still the case that the average school leaver in the UK will have spent longer studying the mechanics of sexual reproduction than they will the workings of financial services products. Many young adults leave full-time education in the mistaken belief that a ‘credit’ card is somehow preferable to a ‘debit’ card – and who can blame them, when ‘credit’ is something that school teaches them to pursue, and ‘debit’ looks rather too much like the word ‘debt’ to be immediately reassuring. This confusion of a means of immediate payment with the idea of personal debt (actually acquired through using a credit card) does little to instil confidence. This point is exaggerated along gender lines too. As we saw in Chapter One, women have been frequently positioned by mainstream finance as too emotional or irrational to be eligible for access to mainstream products like current and savings accounts. In a 2015 study by Abundance Investment, however, when investors were asked a question about the effects of inflation, or the risk of loss to housing equity from a drop in house prices, it was male respondents who were frequently mistaken in their calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Cis Difunctionalization of Cyclic Olefins with Use of Organozirconium Intermediates. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Murine Coagulation Factor VII (1996)

The cDNA encoding murine coagulation factor VII (mfVII) was isolated and reconstructed from a lambda Zap cDNA library generated from murine liver mRNA. The cDNA contains 1903 nucleotides spanning 15 bases upstream of the 5'-translation initiation codon, an open reading frame of 1338 nucleotides, 550 nucleotides downstream of the first stop codon and a 3' poly(A) tail. The translation product is composed of a 41-amino acid signal/propeptide region followed by a 405-residue mature protein. The latter is highly homologous to that of human, rabbit, bovine, Rhesus monkey, and canine fVII. All protein domains of hfVII are strictly conserved in mfVII.
Energy-yield prediction for II–VI-based thin-film tandem solar cells (2016)

Polycrystalline, thin-film tandem solar cells that leverage commercial II–VI semiconductor technologies as the top cell could overcome the practical conversion-efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells. In this paper we provide energy-yield calculation of a solar cell – single-junction and tandem – in a real-world climate conditions.
Inside Back Cover: Chromenopyrazoles: Non‐psychoactive and Selective CB1 Cannabinoid Agonists with Peripheral Antinociceptive Properties (ChemMedChem 3/2012) (2012)

The back cover picture shows a synthetic cannabinoid designed in analogy to cannabinol. It is a selective, full agonist of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), and molecular modeling studies suggest that the selectivity arises due to the presence of the pyrazole ring. In vivo evaluation ruled out CNS-mediated effects and confirmed antinociception activity. For more details, see the Full Paper by Nadine Jagerovic et al. on p. 452 ff.
The Use of Kinetics as a Marker for Manual Dexterity After Stroke and Stroke Recovery (2009)

Stroke is the leading cause of severe, long-term disability among older adults in the United States. Unimanual motor performance of the hemiparetic limb is clearly compromised, and these declines are well documented. An often overlooked aspect of motor function for patients with stroke is the effect of unilateral motor dysfunction on bimanual motor activities. Diminished bimanual function resulting from upper extremity hemiparesis necessarily limits the patient's daily functioning. In this review we describe a bimanual dexterity task that replicates many daily activities and outline how kinetic analysis of this task may provide insight into diminished bimanual function of patients with stroke and how these variables may be useful in assessing level of recovery and rate of motor recovery associated with behavioral interventions intended to improve upper extremity function. It is argued that the use of objective kinetic measures to quantify hand function may facilitate the clinical adoption of behavioral interventions for stroke, such as constraint-induced movement therapy and other repetitive task practice-based interventions.
Hybrid Position and Force Control Without Force Sensor (1996)

Generally, hybrid control is realized by sensor signal feedback of position and force. However, some robot manipulators do not have a force sensor due to the environment. Moreover, a precise force sensor is very expensive. In order to overcome these problems, we propose the estimation system of reaction force without using a force sensor. This system consists of the torque observer and the inverse dynamics calculation. Using both this force estimation system and &lt;I&gt;H&lt;/I&gt; ∞ acceleration controller which is based on &lt;I&gt;H&lt;/I&gt; ∞ control theory, it takes into account the frequency characteristics of both sensor noise effect and disturbance rejection. The experimental results in this paper illustrate the fine hybrid control of the three tested degrees-of-freedom DD robot manipulator without force sensor.
Developmental regulation of subunit composition of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in neocortical neurones (2000)

NMDA receptors undergo drastic changes in their subunit composition during development of the mammalian neocortex. An increase in the expression of the NR2A subunit correlates with developmental changes in the properties of synaptic NMDA receptors. In this study, we investigated whether these developmental alterations are restricted to synaptic NMDA receptors or whether similar developmental changes also occur at extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. To analyse the properties of extrasynaptic receptors, glutamate-evoked ion currents mediated by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors were isolated by irreversibly blocking synaptic NMDA receptors with MK-801. Whole-cell ion currents mediated by extrasynaptic receptors showed developmental changes in their sensitivity against the NR2B subunit-specific antagonist ifenprodil similar to that of synaptic receptors. In summary, our results strongly suggest that NR2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors increasingly contribute also to extrasynaptic NMDA receptors during in vitro differentiation.
Venomics Profiling of Thamnodynastes strigatus Unveils Matrix Metalloproteinases and Other Novel Proteins Recruited to the Toxin Arsenal of Rear-Fanged Snakes (2011)

Rear-fanged and aglyphous snakes are usually considered not dangerous to humans because of their limited capacity of injecting venom. Therefore, only a few studies have been dedicated to characterizing the venom of the largest parcel of snake fauna. Here, we investigated the venom proteome of the rear-fanged snake Thamnodynastes strigatus , in combination with a transcriptomic evaluation of the venom gland. About 60% of all transcripts code for putative venom components. A striking finding is that the most abundant type of transcript (∼47%) and also the major protein type in the venom correspond to a new kind of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) that is unrelated to the classical snake venom metalloproteinases found in all snake families. These enzymes were recently suggested as possible venom components, and we show here that they are proteolytically active and probably recruited to venom from a MMP-9 ancestor. Other unusual proteins were suggested to be venom components: a protein related to lactadherin and an EGF repeat-containing transcript. Despite these unusual molecules, seven toxin classes commonly found in typical venomous snakes are also present in the venom. These results support the evidence that the arsenals of these snakes are very diverse and harbor new types of biologically important molecules.
<title>Measurement method for spectral responsivity of digital cameras with tone characteristics compensation per pixel</title> (1999)

Color signal outputs form digital cameras can be calculated form spectral distribution of an illumination, spectral reflectance of a shooting object, and spectral responsivity of a camera. The methods of measuring spectral distribution of illuminations and spectral reflectance of objects have been established unambiguously, and their characteristics are available from various databases. However, no accurate methods have been clearly defined regarding the measurement of the spectral responsivity characteristics of digital cameras. For objective assessment of the performance of digital cameras which capture color images and output corresponding color information in red-green-blue digital image data, proposed methods incorporate measurements of characteristics for spectral responsivity and related items. In this paper, by adopting compensation of tone characteristics for each pixel, the authors develop yet another new method of measurements to overcome some possible defects in the previously proposed methods. The paper describes an arrangement of equipment, definition of test chart and raw data handling together with some worked examples. The newly developed method has made it possible to measure the spectral responsivity characteristics of digital cameras accurately.
Effects of Ethylene on Morphology and Flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat1 (1969)

Abstract Chrysanthemum, ‘#3 Indianapolis White’, subjected continuously to atmospheres containing 1-4 ppm ethylene failed to initiate and develop flower buds under short day conditions. The plants showed typical epinastic symptoms, shortening of internodes, thickening of stems and loss of apical dominance. The plants developed many short axillary shoots, each with a few small leaves. The top leaves on the plant became smaller and smaller and were less dissected than the controls. Subjecting plants alternatively to ethylene containing and normal atmospheres generally prevented flowering also, but occasionally crown budding occurred. Bioassay of endogenous auxins showed that these growth promoting substances were maintained at high levels in the ethylene treated plants, which may account for their failure to flower. In addition, ethylene also seemed to affect the polar auxin transport system of the plant.
Development of nanoparticles made of polysaccharides as novel drug carrier systems (2000)

International audience
Uplink OFDMA resource allocation with discrete rates: optimal solution and suboptimal implementation (2011)

ABSTRACT Resource allocation in the uplink of orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access systems is investigated. The problem of ergodic utility maximisation with discrete rates is formulated and solved using dual Lagrangian techniques. Suboptimal algorithms based on equal power allocation over the subcarriers are proposed. Results are presented and compared for the continuous and discrete rates scenario, using both the optimal solutions and the suboptimal algorithms. Equal power allocation is shown to approximate well the optimal solution in the continuous rates case, as well as in the discrete rates scenario when the number of modulation and coding schemes increases. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Touch Your Heart (2018)

Chatbot has become an important solution to rapidly increasing customer care demands on social media in recent years. However, current work on chatbot for customer care ignores a key to impact user experience - tones. In this work, we create a novel tone-aware chatbot that generates toned responses to user requests on social media. We first conduct a formative research, in which the effects of tones are studied. Significant and various influences of different tones on user experience are uncovered in the study. With the knowledge of effects of tones, we design a deep learning based chatbot that takes tone information into account. We train our system on over 1.5 million real customer care conversations collected from Twitter. The evaluation reveals that our tone-aware chatbot generates as appropriate responses to user requests as human agents. More importantly, our chatbot is perceived to be even more empathetic than human agents.
Retinoic acid nuclear receptor β inhibits breast carcinoma anchorage independent growth (1995)

Retinoids modulate cellular proliferation and mediate gene function through a series of nuclear receptors. The retinoic acid nuclear receptor beta (RAR beta) plays an important role in the differentiation of a number of cell types. We now demonstrate that RAR beta expression is confined to normal mammary tissue and is not expressed in either immortalized normal or malignant cell lines. Treatment of RAR beta-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells with 1 microM all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) significantly inhibited monolayer growth of the cells which express recombinant RAR beta. RAR beta-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells formed significantly smaller and fewer colonies in soft agar than the mock-transfected cells. Addition of 1 microM RA stimulated colony size and number in the RAR beta-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells. In contrast to the RAR beta-expressing cells, colony formation by the RAR alpha-expressing cells was similar to the mock-transfected controls and the addition of 1 microM RA to the RAR alpha-transfected cells inhibited colony formation. While demonstrating decreased colony formation in agar, RAR beta-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells failed to exhibit decreased growth in SCID mice. Our results show that RAR beta functions as a negative regulator of growth in breast epithelial cells. In addition, the growth of these cells is differentially regulated by RAR alpha and RAR beta which is most likely the result of the modulation of different genes.
Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid using water-soluble rhodium catalyststs (1993)

Water-soluble rhodium-phosphane complexes are very efficient catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acid in water–amine mixtures similar to those used for separation of CO2 from flue gases.
Tim-3 mediates T cell trogocytosis to limit antitumor immunity (2022)

T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) negatively regulates innate and adaptive immunity in cancer. To identify the mechanisms of Tim-3 in cancer immunity, we evaluated the effects of Tim-3 blockade in human and mouse melanoma. Here, we show that human programmed cell death 1-positive (PD-1+) Tim-3+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) upregulate phosphatidylserine (PS), a receptor for Tim-3, and acquire cell surface myeloid markers from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through transfer of membrane fragments called trogocytosis. Tim-3 blockade acted on Tim-3+ APCs in a PS-dependent fashion to disrupt the trogocytosis of activated tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and PD-1+Tim-3+ CD8+ TILs isolated from patients with melanoma. Tim-3 and PD-1 blockades cooperated to disrupt trogocytosis of CD8+ TILs in 2 melanoma mouse models, decreasing tumor burden and prolonging survival. Deleting Tim-3 in dendritic cells but not in CD8+ T cells impeded the trogocytosis of CD8+ TILs in vivo. Trogocytosed CD8+ T cells presented tumor peptide-major histocompatibility complexes and became the target of fratricide T cell killing, which was reversed by Tim-3 blockade. Our findings have uncovered a mechanism Tim-3 uses to limit antitumor immunity.
Efficient and Regiospecific One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coordinated EGR-rate model-based controls of turbocharged diesel engines via an intake throttle and an EGR valve (2009)

This paper demonstrates prerequisites and performance of a model based approach for controlling mass air flow (MAF), and consequently exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction, by coordinating the use of the EGR valve and the intake throttle (THR). The proposed approaches use EGR as the main actuator and the intake throttle to serve as an extension of the EGR valve to control EGR rates when EGR actuator saturates. The idea is to consider the EGR and THR as one union. The effective flow area of both actuators combined regulates the EGR rate via the command calculated by the model-based inverse function with the feedback signals. A new approach to create a reliable volumetric efficiency model is proposed in this paper that the impact of intake manifold temperature and the pressure difference between the intake and exhaust gas pressure are taken into account. The proposed volumetric efficiency model shows better and more robust estimation of in-cylinder flow rates compared to that of the traditional volumetric efficiency map.
A 60GHz 13 dBm fully integrated 65 nm RF CMOS power amplifier (2013)

Abstract—A 65nm CMOS, 60GHz fully integrated power amplifier (PA) from STMicroelectronics has been designed for low cost Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). It has been optimized to deliver the maximum linear output power (OCP1) without using parallel amplification topology. The simulated OCP1 is equal to 8.9 dBm with a gain of 8dB. To obtain good performances and consume an ultra compact area of silicon, the PA has been matched and optimized with a mixed technique, using lumped and distributed elements. The chip size is 0.48mm*0.6mm including pads. I.
Functionalization of polymers using n 2 pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (2007)

Surface treatment of polymers using plasma has been widely used for purposes of enhancing the adhesion and wettability of the material through the inclusion of polar functional groups. Through the use of atmospheric pulsed-dielectric barrier discharges (DBD), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) films were treated with nitrogen gas to introduce nitrogen-containing groups on the surface for improved adhesion properties. To avoid the effect of oxidative degradation during plasma treatments, various treatment times and nitrogen gas flow-rates were used to achieve higher uptake of N-containing species over that of O-containing species. Surface analysis techniques - attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements were used to study variations in the surface energy and chemical composition. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been applied to identify and characterize key chemical species present in the N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -DBD plasma.
Preparing the Adult Deformity Patient for Spinal Surgery (2006)

Better recognition of preoperative risk factors may help spine surgeons improve preoperative preparation in their patients, leading to decreased complication rates.
Association of Timing of Electrocardiogram Acquisition After Return of Spontaneous Circulation With Coronary Angiography Findings in Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2021)

This study suggests that early ECG acquisition after ROSC in patients with OHCA is associated with a higher percentage of false-positive ECG findings for STEMI. It may be reasonable to delay post-ROSC ECG by at least 8 minutes after ROSC or repeat the acquisition if the first ECG is diagnostic of STEMI and is acquired early after ROSC.
Mutations in the NS5A region do not predict interferon-responsiveness in American patients infected with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (1999)

A striking association has been demonstrated recently between mutations in amino acid residues 2209-2248 of the nonstructural protein 5a (NS5a) region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and sustained responses to interferon in Japanese patients infected with genotype 1b. Therefore, analysis of this sequence has been suggested as a predictor of treatment response. We sought to determine whether mutations in this region predict outcome in U.S. patients infected with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV-1b). We analyzed stored pretreatment sera retrospectively from 22 patients with HCV-1b infection who had received interferon alpha-2b (IFNalpha-2b) as part of a controlled trial. Two patients were sustained responders (SR), 7 were transient responders (TR), and 13 were nonresponders (NR). We performed nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on extracted RNA using primers flanking HCV amino acids 2209-2248 and sequenced the PCR products directly. The deduced amino acid sequences were compared with the prototype HCV-J. Isolates with four or more deviations from the prototype were defined as "mutant" type, those with one to three substitutions as "intermediate" type, and those matching the prototype as "wildtype." Of the 22 HCV-1b isolates, 6 were wildtype, 11 intermediate type, and 5 mutant type. Both of the SRs were intermediate type. The 20 TRs and NRs were distributed among mutant (5), intermediate (9), and wildtype (6). Of the five patients with mutant virus, four were NR and one a TR. Variation in NS5a(2209-2248) fails to predict interferon responsiveness in this cohort of American patients infected with HCV-1b. Thus, the utility of this sequence as a predictor of interferon responsiveness appears to be specific to Japanese patients and may reflect differences between patient groups in treatment regimens, host genetic background, or alterations in the interferon signaling pathway induced by surrounding sequences within or outside NS5a. Overall, NS5a is not as integral a determinant of interferon responsiveness as previously suggested.
Optimization of Electro-Optic Comb Generation Using Conventional Mach-Zehnder Modulator (2007)

We optimize electro-optic frequency comb generation using a conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator. It is theoretically and experimentally proved that a conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator can generate optical frequency comb with excellent spectral flatness. In this technique, the modulator is asymmetrically dual-driven by large-amplitude sinusoidal signals with different amplitudes. The optimal driving condition is theoretically derived, and translated to practical formulas. 10-GHz spaced ultraflat optical frequency comb generation with a 10-dB bandwidth of 230 GHz was demonstrated to confirm the concept.
Can We Use In Vivo MRI and FEA to Determine Peak Cap Stress in Carotid Plaques? MRI Simulations Provide Answers (2013)

Vulnerable plaques are characterized by a large lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) separated by a thin fibrous cap (FC) from the lumen. Plaque rupture occurs when the peak stress in the FC exceeds its strength. Carotid in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can be segmented to obtain the plaque geometry noninvasively. An increasing number of studies use MR imaging for biomechanical finite element analysis (FEA) to compute peak cap stresses [1, 2]. Previous studies have shown that the thickness of the FC is an important determinant of peak cap stress: the thinner the FC, the higher the stress, the higher the plaque rupture risk [3].