gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Markov Chain Monte Carlo detection over time-varying frequency-selective channels (2010)

In this paper, we develop a novel list channel refinement (LCR) based Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) detector for time-varying frequency-selective channels. Information fed back from the channel decoder is exploited for both data detection and channel estimation. The LCR-MCMC detector adopts parallel Gibbs samplers to find a list of mostly likely transmitted sequences as well as matching channel impulse response (CIR). It then computes the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of the transmitted bits based on this list. Furthermore, the estimated CIR is refined based on the LLRs to facilitate iterative joint data detection and channel estimation. A bidirectional channel estimation is performed among data segments to provide initial channel estimates. The LCR-MCMC provides a low-complexity means to approximate the optimal maximum a posterior (MAP) detection in a statistical fashion and is applicable to channels with long memory. Excellent behavior of the LCR-MCMC is presented using both synthetic channels and real data collected from actual underwater acoustic experiments.
Direct inhibitors of coagulation proteins – the end of the heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin era for anticoagulant therapy? (2009)

Heparins, either unfractionated or low-molecular-weight (UFH and LMWHs), and vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are currently the anticoagulants of choice for the prevention of post-operative venous thromboembolism (VTE) and for the treatment of acute venous and arterial thromboembolism. While VKAs are widely used in the US, LMWHs are the standard of care in the EU. Although efficacious, these agents are associated with a number of drawbacks, such as the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, the need for frequent coagulation monitoring in the case of UFH and VKAs, and the parenteral mode of administration in the case of heparins, which can lead to problems associated with patient compliance. There is a need for new anticoagulants that overcome these limitations. Direct, small-molecule inhibitors of coagulation proteins targeting a single enzyme in the coagulation cascade - particularly thrombin or Factor Xa - have been developed in recent years. Two agents, the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and the direct Factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban, have recently been approved in the EU and several other countries for the prevention of VTE after total hip or knee replacement surgery. Here we will review data that suggest that the antithrombin-independent mechanism of action of these agents, particularly that of direct Factor Xa inhibitors, leads to increased efficacy with similar safety profiles compared with the antithrombin-dependent heparins. Although the end of the heparins era is not to be expected, the new anticoagulants presented in this review potentially represent the future of anticoagulation.
An inter-laboratory comparison of DNA barcoding protocols for identifying fungi involved in grapevine trunk disease (2017)

In this study, the utility of the ITS region as a means of accurately identifying GTD fungi was assessed in an international inter-laboratory comparison comprising of researchers participating in the EU cost action on GTD (manaGTD). Twelve samples of fungal DNA associated with GTD fungi were distributed to researchers in 14 laboratories. The researchers were asked to use their own DNA barcoding protocols to&#13;\nidentify the GTD species using phylogenetic markers for the ITS, histone and elongation factor regions.&#13;\nThe results and the relative robustness of DNA barcoding&#13;\napproaches for GTD fungi are discussed.
Nonlinear Coupled Mode Equations with Very Broadband Nonlinear Pulses (2010)

We solve the nonlinear coupled mode equations for an input pulse whose bandwidth exceeds the grating bandgap. Our results validate useful regimes for two faster, approximate methods that have previously been applied to this problem.
Three-Dimensional Engineered Bone–Ligament–Bone Constructs for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Replacement (2011)

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), a major stabilizer of the knee, is commonly injured. Because of its intrinsic poor healing ability, a torn ACL is usually reconstructed by a graft. We developed a multi-phasic, or bone-ligament-bone, tissue-engineered construct for ACL grafts using bone marrow stromal cells and sheep as a model system. After 6 months in vivo, the constructs increased in cross section and exhibited a well-organized microstructure, native bone integration, a functional enthesis, vascularization, innervation, increased collagen content, and structural alignment. The constructs increased in stiffness to 52% of the tangent modulus and 95% of the geometric stiffness of native ACL. The viscoelastic response of the explants was virtually indistinguishable from that of adult ACL. These results suggest that our constructs after implantation can obtain physiologically relevant structural and functional characteristics comparable to those of adult ACL. They present a viable option for ACL replacement.
Fabrication of DDS-3, an 11.4 GHz damped-detuned structure (1999)

A 1.8 m X-band damped-detuned structure (DDS-3) has been fabricated and characterized as part of the structure development program towards a TeV-scale e/sup +/e/sup -/ linear collider. In this joint venture, the Cu cells were precision-fabricated by LLNL, diffusion-bonded into a monolithic structure by KEK, and the structure completed and tested by SLAC. The overall process constitutes a baseline for future high-volume structure manufacture.
Wafer bonding for use in mechanically stacked multi-bandgap cells (2002)

Two and three junction monolithic two-terminal solar cells have been developed that have 1-Sun, AM0 efficiencies of greater than 25%. In order to reach 1-Sun efficiencies of 30% and greater, solar cells with more junctions are required. Mechanically stacking junctions with different band gaps provides a means of developing such a cell. The authors propose a four-junction, mechanically stacked cascade solar cell structure that projects to a 34.8% AM0 efficiency. Wafer bonding provides a means of mechanically joining semiconductor materials with different lattice constants. They present optical, electrical and mechanical data on wafer bonding GaAs and InP substrates. The data indicate that wafer bonding can be used to develop a four-junction device.
A Sentence Compression Based Framework to Query-Focused Multi-Document Summarization (2016)

We consider the problem of using sentence compression techniques to facilitate query-focused multi-document summarization. We present a sentence-compression-based framework for the task, and design a series of learning-based compression models built on parse trees. An innovative beam search decoder is proposed to efficiently find highly probable compressions. Under this framework, we show how to integrate various indicative metrics such as linguistic motivation and query relevance into the compression process by deriving a novel formulation of a compression scoring function. Our best model achieves statistically significant improvement over the state-of-the-art systems on several metrics (e.g. 8.0% and 5.4% improvements in ROUGE-2 respectively) for the DUC 2006 and 2007 summarization task.
TiO2 Conduction Band Modulation with In2O3 Recombination Barrier Layers in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to grow subnanometer indium oxide recombination barriers in a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on the spiro-OMeTAD hole-transport material (HTM) and the WN1 donor-π-acceptor organic dye. While optimal device performance was achieved after 3–10 ALD cycles, 15 ALD cycles (∼2 Å of In2O3) was observed to be optimal for increasing open-circuit voltage (VOC) with an average improvement of over 100 mV, including one device with an extremely high VOC of 1.00 V. An unexpected phenomenon was observed after 15 ALD cycles: the increasing VOC trend reversed, and after 30 ALD cycles VOC dropped by over 100 mV relative to control devices without any In2O3. To explore possible causes of the nonmonotonic behavior resulting from In2O3 barrier layers, we conducted several device measurements, including transient photovoltage experiments and capacitance measurements, as well as density functional theory (DFT) studies. Our results suggest that the VOC gains observed in the first 20 ALD cycles are due to both a surface dipole that pulls up the TiO2 conduction band and recombination suppression. After 30 ALD cycles, however, both effects are reversed: the surface dipole of the In2O3 layer reverses direction, lowering the TiO2 conduction band, and mid-bandgap states introduced by In2O3 accelerate recombination, leading to a reduced VOC.
The Arabidopsis RLCK VI_A2 Kinase Controls Seedling and Plant Growth in Parallel with Gibberellin (2020)

The plant-specific receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) form a large, poorly characterized family. Members of the RLCK VI_A class of dicots have a unique characteristic: their activity is regulated by Rho-of-plants (ROP) GTPases. The biological function of one of these kinases was investigated using a T-DNA insertion mutant and RNA interference. Loss of RLCK VI_A2 function resulted in restricted cell expansion and seedling growth. Although these phenotypes could be rescued by exogenous gibberellin, the mutant did not exhibit lower levels of active gibberellins nor decreased gibberellin sensitivity. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that gibberellin is not the direct target of the kinase; its absence rather affected the metabolism and signalling of other hormones such as auxin. It is hypothesized that gibberellins and the RLCK VI_A2 kinase act in parallel to regulate cell expansion and plant growth. Gene expression studies also indicated that the kinase might have an overlapping role with the transcription factor circuit (PIF4-BZR1-ARF6) controlling skotomorphogenesis-related hypocotyl/cotyledon elongation. Furthermore, the transcriptomic changes revealed that the loss of <i>RLCK VI_A2</i> function alters cellular processes that are associated with cell membranes, take place at the cell periphery or in the apoplast, and are related to cellular transport and/or cell wall reorganisation.
On the behavior of LED lamps under non-sinusoidal voltage conditions (2017)

The diffusion of LED lamps on the market is becoming increasingly wide and it is expected that, in a few years, they become a sort of standard de facto for lighting of houses as well as offices. As a consequence, they can be considered for replacing the incandescent bulb in the international standard for flicker measurement given that, as it is well known, this last lamp is banned from the market and hence the measurement of flicker severity is no more related with the actual annoyance caused by the light fluctuation. In this connection, this paper will investigate the behavior of several same-power LED bulbs under nonsinusoidal voltage conditions to verify if it is possible to choose a specific LED source as a reference for flicker evaluation.
Binding and internalization of 125I-alpha 2-macroglobulin by cultured fibroblasts. (1981)

The binding and internalization of 125I-labeled alpha 2-macroglobulin (125I-alpha 2M) was studied in cultured fibroblasts. Two classes of binding sites were detected on cell surfaces. One class corresponds to the previously described, high affinity and low capacity sites. The other class of binding sites may mediate uptake of high physiological blood levels of 125I-alpha 2M and has not been described previously. At 0 degrees C, this lower affinity class saturates at approximately 1,000 micrograms/ml and has a capacity of approximately 600,000 sites/cell. The lower affinity class accounts for the vast majority of cellular receptors for alpha 2M. An assay employing pepsin at pH 4 was developed to distinguish between surface-bound and internalized 125I-alpha 2M. Cellular uptake of 125I-alpha 2M at 37 degrees C has a component which saturates between 200 and 1,000 micrograms/ml and the rate of internalization of this component was approximately 1,700,000 molecules/cell/h. One mM Ca2+ was required for cell uptake of 125I-alpha 2M at 37 degrees C. Ca2+ was also required for binding at 0 degrees C to both low and high affinity classes of binding sites for 125I-alpha 2M. The transglutaminase inhibitors bacitracin, monodansylcadaverine, and N-benzyloxycarboxyl-5-diazo-4-oxonorvaline paranitrophenyl ester all inhibited cellular internalization of 125I-alpha 2M at 37 degrees C. Each of these three compounds selectively reduced 125I-alpha 2M binding to the high affinity, low capacity component at 0 degrees C. Based on the current binding studies and previous studies using electron microscopy which showed that bacitracin and other transglutaminase inhibitors block clustering of alpha 2M-receptor complexes in coated pits, we suggest that the inhibitors block the accumulation of occupied lower affinity alpha 2M receptors in coated pits where they acquire a higher apparent affinity.
Reduced threshold current dilute nitride Ga(NAsP)/GaP quantum well lasers grown by MOVPE (2011)

Recent significant improvements in Ga(NAsP)/GaP quantum well lasers grown by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy on a GaP substrate are reported. At room temperature, the devices show a threshold current density of 4.0 kAcm−2 at a lasing wavelength of 981 nm for a cavity length of 1 mm and a characteristic temperature of 58 K in the temperature region of 220–295 K. These improvements further verify the possible application for the novel III/V Ga(NAsP)/GaP material system to integrate long-term stable laser diodes in a standard CMOS-compatible electronic chip.
Errors in the Estimated Neutron Source and Gamma Source Strengths for Reactivity Measurement and the Influence on the Measured Reactivity. (2000)

Abstract A new method has been proposed to estimate both neutron source and gamma source strengths to be taken into account for reactivity measurement using a digital reactivity meter. The method is based on a transient analysis with addition of known reactivity, p. In the analysis reactivity (pm) is calculated using the neutron detector signal (N) including both the unknown strengths of neutron source (S) and gamma source (γ). It is used to calculate the value (pm-p)N/l, which is equal to S-7gamma;p/l, a constant, where l is the neutron life time. With two values of known reactivity, both S and γ can be estimated in a short time. The key parameter of the method is the known reactivity. When the values of the known reactivity have some errors, the estimated S and γ have errors, respectively. The errors influence the measured reactivity which is corrected by the estimated S and γ From this point of view we studied on the estimation errors of S and γ due to the given reactivity error. And the afterwards reactivity measurement error caused by the estimation errors is also discussed. It is shown that the measured reactivity error caused by the erroneous correction can be quite larger than the error in the correction when the neutron flux level becomes low. KEYWORDS: neutron sourcesgamma sourcesinverse kinetic equationreactivity metersreactor kineticsmeasuring methodsevaluationserrorsreactivity
Effects of acute changes in canine LV-chamber volume and shape on accuracy of impedance catheter estimates of LV-chamber volume. (1994)

The accuracy with which a multiple-electrode impedance catheter (IC) tracks instantaneous global, in-situ left ventricular (LV) volumes was tested in 13 anesthetized dogs scanned in the Dynamic Spatial Reconstructor (DSR), a fast volumetric computed tomographic (CT) scanner. All dogs were scanned during control conditions and during an acute hemodynamic intervention. Hypertonic saline calibrations were performed for the IC prior to each DSR scan. In six of the dogs the IC-derived LV end-diastolic volume (Y) correlated with the DSR-derived global LV end-diastolic volume (X) as follows: end-diastolic volume, Y = 1.01X - 9.9, r = 0.812. The IC-derived LV end-diastolic volume, under control conditions, correlated with the DSR-derived truncated (i.e., that region of the LV chamber between the proximal and distal electrodes of the IC catheter) LV end-diastolic volume, Y = 1.00X + 17.4, r = 0.803. Under reduced preload the relation was Y = 1.3X - 15.26, r = 0.911. The segmental volume (between adjacent sensing electrodes on the IC) at the basal portion of the LV correlated poorly (Y = 1.88X + 3.3, r = 0.459 etc.), but correlated better at mid- and more apical LV levels (Y = 0.97X + 2.7, r = 0.762). Correlations between segmental stroke volumes were similar at basal (Y = 1.31X + 1.60, r = 0.815) and mid- and more apical levels (Y = 1.42X + 0.11, r = 0.763). Stroke volume during acute ischemia (two dogs) was Y = 1.33X - 1.41, r = 0.717; during acutely decreased preload (four dogs) it was Y = 1.24X - 2.88, r = 0.572). Thus, the IC tracks the changes in LV-chamber volume throughout a cardiac cycle quite well under a variety of conditions, but accuracy deteriorates as the shape of the LV chamber changes in response to changes in hemodynamic loading or local myocardial ischemia.
Dopant stability in multifunctional doped TiO2's under environmental UVA exposure (2017)

We present a UV irradiation study of three nanomaterials which have been investigated and published by peer review previously, specifically tantalum, tungsten and phosphorus doped TiO<sub>2</sub>.
Tuning Copper Active Site Composition in Cu-MOR through Co-Cation Modification for Methane Activation (2023)

The industrial implementation of a direct methane to methanol process would lead to environmental and economic benefits. Copper zeolites successfully execute this reaction at relatively low temperatures, and mordenite zeolites in particular enable high methanol production. When loaded to a Cu/Al ratio of 0.45, mordenite (Si/Al 5 to 9) has been shown to host three active sites: two [CuOCu]<sup>2+</sup> sites labeled MOR1 and MOR2, and a mononuclear [CuOH]<sup>+</sup> site. Also at low copper loadings (Cu/Al < 0.20), mordenite has been demonstrated to activate methane, but its active site has never been reported. Here, we investigate Na<sup>+</sup> mordenite with varying copper loadings to better understand copper speciation in mordenite. At low copper loadings, we uncover an unidentified active site ('MOR3') with a strong overlap with the [CuOH]<sup>+</sup> site's spectroscopic signal. By changing the co-cation, we selectively speciate more MOR3 relative to [CuOH]<sup>+</sup>, allowing its identification as a [CuOCu]<sup>2+</sup> site. Active site identification in heterogeneous catalysts is a frequent problem due to signal overlap. By changing cation composition, we introduce an innovative method for simplifying a material to allow better analysis. This has implications for the study of Cu zeolites for methane to methanol and NO<sub>x</sub> catalysis, but also for studying and tuning heterogeneous catalysts in general.
Design and characterization of a windowless resonant photoacoustic chamber equipped with resonance locking circuitry (1991)

A novel design of a windowless resonant photoacoustic chamber with open acoustic filters and an electronic resonance locking circuitry is presented. The acoustic behavior of the cell and preliminary measurements on a certified gas mixture with a CO2 laser demonstrate the feasibility for trace gas monitoring.
Small radius bends and large angle splitters in SOI waveguides (1997)

The silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>) materials system provides a high index contrast waveguide platform compatible with existing monolithic microelectronic fabrication processes. The large index difference between the Si and SiO<SUB>2</SUB> ((Delta) n approximately equals 2.0) allows the miniaturization of waveguide cross-sectional dimensions: single-mode strip waveguides with 0.2 X 0.5 micrometers cross-sections are possible. Additionally, right angle waveguide bends with radii of 2.0 micrometers can be fabricated with insertion loss of less than 1.0 dB. Bend radii of 250 micrometers or more are required to achieve the same performance in less confined waveguide systems such as GaAs/AlGaAs. The high confinement of the Si/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> system also allows Y-branch power splitters with splitting angles greater than 20 degree(s) to operate with low loss. The combination of small cross- section, small bend radius, and large splitting angle provides a highly compact light guiding technology. Calculations of the loss due to 90 degree(s) bends in these waveguides and preliminary loss measurements for bends from 2.0 to 100.0 micrometers in radius are reported. Y-branch power splitters are analyzed and measurements of branches from 2 degree(s) to 40 degree(s) are presented.
Suzuki–Miyaura and Related Cross‐Couplings in Aqueous Solvents Catalyzed by Di(2‐pyridyl)methylamine‐Palladium Dichloride Complexes (2004)

Abstract Di(2‐pyridyl)methylamine‐based palladium dichloride complexes 4 are versatile catalysts for different types of cross‐coupling reactions in water or aqueous solvents under aerobic conditions. The Suzuki–Miyaura reaction of arylboronic acids can be performed with bromoarenes under water reflux using K 2 CO 3 as base or at room temperature or 60 °C in aqueous methanol using KOH as base. For aryl chlorides the corresponding cross‐couplings with arylboronic acids can be carried out in refluxing water with K 2 CO 3 as base and TBAB as additive to provide biaryls and heterobiaryls. Arylboronic acids react with benzylic chlorides and allylic substrates such as chlorides, acetates or carbonates also in refluxing water with K 2 CO 3 as base or at room temperature in aqueous acetone and KOH as base, to give diarylmethanes and arylpropenes. Trimethylboroxine and alkylboronic acids are coupled with bromo‐ and chloroarenes under water at reflux with K 2 CO 3 as base and TBAB as additive to furnish methyl‐ and butylarenes. These cross‐couplings have also been performed in shorter times under microwave irradiation. Several important intermediates such as, 4′‐methylbiphenyl‐2‐carbonitrile, 4‐biphenylacetic acid, 3‐(3‐methylphenyl)benzoic acid, 4,5‐diphenyl‐2‐methyl‐3(2 H )pyridazinone and 2‐(4′‐fluorobenzyl)thiophene have been prepared under aqueous and aerobic conditions in good yields.
Modeling Differentiated Services of Multi-Tier Web Applications (2006)

In this paper we present a hybrid performance model for modeling differentiated service of multi-tier web applications with per-tier concurrency limits, cross-tier interactions, as well as a work-conserving resource allocation model. The service dependencies between multiple tiers are captured first using a layered queueing model. We then show how to model per-tier concurrency limits and service differentiation between multiple classes while maintaining work conservation at each tier. We use a function approximation approach combined with a coupled processor model. Our model is calibrated from an actual multitier J2EE testbed, and we show the ability of the model to accurately model common performance metrics. Our proposed (layered) model shows 78% improvement in root mean square error over a single-tier machine repair model as well as a tandem queue model. We also demonstrate one application of the model for model-based resource allocation.