gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VSPDT: An Optimizer for Single Point Diamond Turning (2007)

Virtual manufacturing (VM), which primarily aimed at reducing the lead times to market and costs associated with new product development, offers various test-beds for the time-consuming and expensive physical experimentation. Since surface roughness and form accuracy play essential roles in the functional performance of the products machined with ultra-precision machining technology. An optimizer, VSPDT (virtual single point diamond turning) system was developed for the purpose of form error compensation and optimal cutting parameters selection. In this paper, the keys issues for developing VSPDT using virtual manufacturing technology were highlighted such as framework of system, virtual workpiece, virtual machining and inspection, etc. At the end of the paper, A VSPDT was developed and applied to predict and compensate the form error, select optimal cutting parameters by using a 2-axis CNC ultra-precision turning machine.
GSM TDMA Frame Rate Internal Active Noise Cancellation (2003)

A common problem in the world's most widely-used cellular telephone system, the GSM system, is the interfering signal generated by the switching nature of TDMA cellular telephony in handheld and other terminals. Signals are sent as chunks of data, speech frames, equivalent to 160 samples of data corresponding to 20 ms at sampling rate of 8 kHz. This paper describes a study of two different software solutions designed to suppress such interference internally in the mobile handset. The methods are 1) notch filtering, which is multiplicative in frequency, and 2) subtractive noise cancellation, which is an alternative method employing correlators. The latter solution is a straigtforward, although somewhat unorthodox, application of in-wire active noise control. Since subtraction is performed directly in the time domain, and we have access to the state of the mobile, it is also possible to consider a recurring pause in the interference caused by the idle frame in the transmission, when the mobile listens to other base stations communicating. More complex control algorithms, based on the state of the communication between the handset and the base station, can be utilised.
Overview of recent advances in numerical tensor algebra (2010)

We present a survey of some recent developments for decompositions of multi-way arrays or tensors, with special emphasis on results relevant for applications and modeling in signal processing. A central problem is how to find low-rank approximations of tensors, and we describe some new results, including numerical methods, algorithms and theory, for the higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) and the parallel factors expansion or canonical decomposition (CP expansion).
A Solution‐Processable Polymer Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution from Water (2017)

Abstract Direct photocatalytic water splitting is an attractive strategy for clean energy production, but multicomponent nanostructured systems that mimic natural photosynthesis can be difficult to fabricate because of the insolubility of most photocatalysts. Here, a solution‐processable organic polymer is reported that is a good photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from water, either as a powder or as a thin film, suggesting future applications for soluble conjugated organic polymers in multicomponent photocatalysts for overall water splitting.
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic, Intractable Pain (1993)

OVER THE PAST two decades, spinal cord stimulation devices and techniques have evolved from single-channel systems, with electrodes requiring laminectomy, into programmable “multichannel” systems with electrodes that may be placed percutaneously. We have reviewed our experience in 320 consecutive patients treated with these devices at our institution between 1972 and 1990. Technical details of treatment as well as patient characteristics have been assessed as predictors of clinical outcome and of hardware reliability by univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Current follow-up has been obtained at intervals from 2 to 20 years (mean, 7.1 yr) postoperatively on 205 patients. All clinical outcome measures have been based on disinterested third-party interview data--standard analog pain ratings, employment status, activities of daily living, and use of analgesics. At 7-year mean follow-up, 52% of the 171 patients who received permanent implants reported at least 50% continued pain relief. A majority had maintained improvements in activities of daily living and analgesic use. Analysis of hardware reliability for 298 permanent implants revealed significantly fewer clinical failures (P < 0.001) and technical failures (in particular, electrode migration and malposition, P = 0.025) as single-channel implants have evolved into programmable, multichannel devices. Our analysis of technical and clinical prognostic factors may be useful to the clinician in selecting patients for this procedure.
Environmental specialization and cryptic genetic divergence in two massive coral species from the Florida Keys Reef Tract (2020)

ABSTRACT Broadcast-spawning coral species have wide geographic ranges, spanning strong environmental gradients, but it is unclear how much spatially varying selection these gradients actually impose. Strong divergent selection might present a considerable barrier for demographic exchange between disparate reef habitats. We investigated whether the cross-shelf gradient (nearshore - offshore - deep) is associated with spatially varying selection in two common coral species, Montastraea cavernosa and Siderastrea siderea , in the Florida Keys. Toward this end, we generated a de novo genome assembly for M. cavernosa and used 2bRAD to genotype 20 juveniles and 20 adults of both species from each of the three reef zones to identify signatures of selection occurring within a single generation. Unexpectedly, each species was found to be composed of four genetically distinct lineages, with gene flow between them still ongoing but highly reduced in 13.0-54.7% of the genome. Each species includes two sympatric lineages that are only found in the deep (20 m) habitat, while the other lineages are found almost exclusively on the shallower reefs (3-10 m). The two “shallow” lineages of M. cavernosa are also specialized for either nearshore or offshore: comparison between adult and juvenile cohorts indicates that cross-shelf migrants are more than twice as likely to die before reaching adulthood than local recruits. Siderastrea siderea and M. cavernosa are among the most ecologically successful species on the degraded Florida Keys Reef Tract, and this work offers important insight on the genomic background of divergent selection and environmental specialization that may in part explain their resilience and broad environmental range.
A Three-Port DC-DC-DC Converter based on Dual Active Bridge Series Resonant Topology for Electric Vehicle DC Fast Charging Applications (2022)

This paper proposes a three-port dc-dc-dc converter based on dual active bridge series resonant (DABSR) and interleaved boost topology that integrates PV, electric vehicle (EV) battery, and dc-link situated between ac-dc stage and dc-dc stage of the EV dc fast charger. The power flow between port-l (dc-link) and port-3 (EV battery) occurs due to the phase shift between input and output bridge switching of DABSR topology. We adopt triple phase shift (TPS) modulation that secures zero voltage switching (ZVS) of all the switches for a wide range of EV battery voltage and hence, overall efficiency is increased. The circuit works as an interleaved boost converter between port-l (dc-link) and port-2 (PV) while interrupting the power flow between port-l and port-3 with the proper selection of phase shift and duty cycles. The dc-link voltage remains constant during port-2 to port-3 power transport which also utilizes DABSR topology. Operating principles of different power flow modes have been discussed and simulation performed in Matlab/Simulink validates the feasibility of the proposed converter as the dc-dc power stage of the EV dc fast charger.
Production routes to bio-acetic acid: life cycle assessment (2020)

Overall the alamine/diisobutyl ketone extraction method results in lower GWP and FFU values compared to the ethyl acetate extraction method. Only the alamine/diisobutyl extraction method finds GWP and FFU values lower than those of petroleum based acetic acid. For both extraction methods, exporting lignin as a co-product produced larger GWPs and FFU values compared to burning the lignin at the biorefinery.
Privacy as an Operating System Service (2006)

The issue of electronic privacy has of late attracted considerable attention. The proliferation of Internet services and, perhaps unavoidably, Internet crime, in conjunction with expanded government monitoring of communications has caused irreparable damage to the basic definition of privacy (the state or condition of being free from unwanted surveillance). Implementing privacy in personal computer systems has traditionally been the domain of the paranoid computer specialist. In order for basic privacy to become pervasive among the non-technical user base, we believe that it must imitate the usage of other successful security (and other) services. Services like filesystem encryption, email and web security are successful because they are invisible to the user. Other services (not related to security) such as backups, networking, file searching, etc., also gain traction by being well integrated with the user's operating environment. In most cases, this means embedding such services in the OS. In this work, we propose a new paradigm for implementing privacy, as an operating system service. We believe that privacy, similarly to other security services, is a service that has cross-application appeal and must therefore be centrally positioned.
Validation of T2* in-line analysis for tissue iron quantification at 1.5 T (2016)

Iron estimation using the T2* CMR sequence in combination with Siemens' in-line data processing is generally satisfactory and may help facilitate global access to tissue iron assessment. The current automated T2* map technique is less good for tissue iron assessment with noisy data at low T2* values.
2,4-Di(butylureido)-6-methyl-s-triazine (2003)

The formation of a quadruply hydrogen-bonded dimer of the title compound, C14H25N7O2, is prevented by an intramolec­ular hydrogen bond, which disrupts the linear ADADA donor–acceptor array. An infinite two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network is formed instead.
X-ray diffraction study of strain distribution in oxidized Si nanowires (2009)

Strain distributions in oxidized Si nanowires fabricated on a (001)-oriented silicon-on-insulator wafer have been determined by analyzing intensity profiles of the diffraction, caused by the nanowire periodicity, around the 111 Bragg point. In this analysis, theoretical diffraction curves, calculated by a kinematical treatment, are fitted to experimental ones, examining positions of the central and fringe maxima and their intensity ratios. Strains in oxidized samples are shown to be negative at the bottom surface and positive at the top surface of nanowires changing with depth in a concave way. The magnitudes of the strains at the bottom surface and at the top surface increase monotonically with increasing the oxidation time. The determined strain of a sample oxidized at 850 °C for 5 h is 0.50% at the top surface and −0.11% at the bottom surface.
OCRA: OATH Challenge-Response Algorithm (2011)

This document describes the OATH algorithm for challenge-response
authentication and signatures. This algorithm is based on the HOTP
algorithm [RFC4226] that was introduced by OATH (initiative for Open
AuTHentication) [OATH] and submitted as an individual draft to the
IETF last year. OCRA: OATH Challenge Response Algorithms September
2006
Prolactin Stimulation of Testicular Steroid Biosynthesis in the Male Rat (1981)

The effect of prolactin on testicular steroidogenesis was studied in intact adult male rats and in animals treated for 12 days with the LHRH‐agonist [D‐Ala 6 , des‐Gly‐NH 2 10 ]LHRH ethylamide (LHRH‐agonist, 1 μg every third day). Testicular LH and prolactin receptors are decreased to 20 and 50% of control, respectively, 26 hours after the last injection of LHRH‐agonist. This loss of testicular receptors is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of testicular pregnenolone (500%) and progesterone (700%), whereas 17‐OH‐progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone are decreased to 50, 25, 10, and 60% of control levels, respectively. The Injection of 2 mg of ovine prolactin in intact rats 2 hours before sacrifice leads to an increase in testicular 17‐OH‐progesterone (300%) and androgen (100%) levels. However, in animals treated with the LHRH‐agonist, prolactin injection leads to an increase in only progesterone and pregnenolone levels, whereas the concentration of the other steroids remains low. The present data indicate that the stimulatory effect of prolactin at an early stage(s) of the testicular steroidogenic pathway remains relatively intact In the desensitized testis and leads to an apparent accentuation of the LHRH‐agonist‐lnduced enzymatic blockage at the level of 17‐hydroxylase and 17, 20‐desmolase activities.
De nouveaux outils d’évaluation de l’arthrose (2010)

peer reviewed
Ameliorating effects of sacral neuromodulation on gastric and small intestinal dysmotility mediated via a sacral afferent‐vagal efferent pathway (2020)

Neuromodulation of the sacral nerve improves gastric and small intestinal pacemaking activity and transit impaired by glucagon and RD by normalizing the sympathovagal balance via a retrograde neural pathway from the sacral nerve to vagal efferents.
AAPM Task Group Report 238: 3D C‐arms with volumetric imaging capability* (2023)

This report reviews the image acquisition and reconstruction characteristics of C-arm Cone Beam Computed Tomography (C-arm CBCT) systems and provides guidance on quality control of C-arm systems with this volumetric imaging capability. The concepts of 3D image reconstruction, geometric calibration, image quality, and dosimetry covered in this report are also pertinent to CBCT for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT). However, IGRT systems introduce a number of additional considerations, such as geometric alignment of the imaging at treatment isocenter, which are beyond the scope of the charge to the task group and the report. Section 1 provides an introduction to C-arm CBCT systems and reviews a variety of clinical applications. Section 2 briefly presents nomenclature specific or unique to these systems. A short review of C-arm fluoroscopy quality control (QC) in relation to 3D C-arm imaging is given in Section 3. Section 4 discusses system calibration, including geometric calibration and uniformity calibration. A review of the unique approaches and challenges to 3D reconstruction of data sets acquired by C-arm CBCT systems is give in Section 5. Sections 6 and 7 go in greater depth to address the performance assessment of C-arm CBCT units. First, Section 6 describes testing approaches and phantoms that may be used to evaluate image quality (spatial resolution and image noise and artifacts) and identifies several factors that affect image quality. Section 7 describes both free-in-air and in-phantom approaches to evaluating radiation dose indices. The methodologies described for assessing image quality and radiation dose may be used for annual constancy assessment and comparisons among different systems to help medical physicists determine when a system is not operating as expected. Baseline measurements taken either at installation or after a full preventative maintenance service call can also provide valuable data to help determine whether the performance of the system is acceptable. Collecting image quality and radiation dose data on existing phantoms used for CT image quality and radiation dose assessment, or on newly developed phantoms, will inform the development of performance criteria and standards. Phantom images are also useful for identifying and evaluating artifacts. In particular, comparing baseline data with those from current phantom images can reveal the need for system calibration before image artifacts are detected in clinical practice. Examples of artifacts are provided in Sections 4, 5, and 6.
Improvement of Commercial Gas Mask Canisters Using Adsorbents Enhanced by Sintered Microfibrous Networks (2014)

We used a U.S.A. military respirator test with dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) to compare a commercial gas mask canister to composite bed designs. These comparisons were conducted at a constant volume of 320 cm3, equal to the total volume of the adsorbent and HEPA elements in a commercial gas mask canister, and fifty percent improvement in performance rating was experimentally demonstrated. In a second comparison, a 3-fold increase in gas life of a commercial canister with a 1.5 cm deep bed of activated carbon was experimentally demonstrated by adding a backup layer to a fully packaged commercial canister. An equation describing irreversible physical adsorption occurring in a two-layer bed and an iterative inverse solution is presented for design of composite beds utilizing polishing sorbents. An overall adsorption rate constant model is presented to predict adsorbent bed performance. A generally applicable axial dispersion model was developed for application to adsorbents enhanced by sintered microfibrous networks.
Diffusion profiles of high dosage Cr and V ions implanted into silicon (2004)

The depth profiles of high dosage Cr+52 and V+51 ions implanted in (100) crystalline silicon after thermal anneal at temperatures between 300 °C and 1000 °C are studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. At dosages of 1×1015 ions/cm2 and above, the surface layer of silicon substrate is amorphorized. During the subsequent thermal annealing, the depth profiles of the implanted ions are strongly coupled with the solid phase epitaxial growth of amorphous silicon. Silicide precipitate formation is important to understand the differences between Cr and V diffusion. After anneal of the 1×1015 ions/cm2 implanted samples at 900 °C and 1000 °C, most of the Cr has left the silicon, but only 10% of the V has escaped. The 1×1014 ions/cm2 Cr-implanted sample shows Cr ions exist only near the surface after 1000 °C anneal. The V-implanted sample, on the other hand, only shows a narrowing of the V profile after 1000 °C anneal.
Multiple description video using rate-distortion splitting (2002)

We consider a simple multiple description (MD) video coder, that uses redundancy-rate-distortion criteria to split a one-layer stream generated by a standard video coder into two correlated streams. Our simulation results demonstrate that this MD coder has much better performance for large redundancies than our previous MDTC video coder, although it cannot perform as well at low redundancies. This MD video coder is very simple to implement and is compatible with H.263 to the extent that each description can be decoded by a standard H.263 decoder. This MD coder was used in a previous study on the transport of MD and layered video over an EGPRS wireless network, where the fact that it creates two streams with very balanced rates was a strong advantage.
State Identification of Reaction Products. (1977)

Abstract : We have employed lasers to study elementary chemical reactions and to examine the structure of molecular ions. Specifically, we have: (1) investigated the effect of atomic reagent approach geometry on the outcome of chemical reaction, (2) examined ion unimolecular fragmentation kinetics using a novel multiphoton ionization technique, (3) studied the molecular (+)CO2 ion using doubleresonance spectroscopy, and (4) developed a new method for determining the vibrational structure of molecular ions. (Author)
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-substituted ketones via dynamic kinetic resolution (2018)

A new class of tunable heterophosphole dimeric ligands have been designed and synthesized. These ligands have enabled the first examples of Cu-catalyzed hydrogenation of 2-substituted-1-tetralones and related heteroaryl ketones <i>via</i> dynamic kinetic resolution, simultaneously creating two contiguous stereogenic centers with up to >99 : 1 dr and 98 : 2 er. The ligand-Cu complexes were isolated and characterized by single crystal X-ray, and DFT calculations revealed a novel heteroligated dimeric copper hydride transition state.
Effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate on the growth of cultured human small-cell lung carcinoma and the specific cellular activity of L-dopa decarboxylase. (1983)

High activity of L-dopa decarboxylase separates small (oat)-cell from non-small-cell lung cancer in cell culture. The present study investigates relationships between the specific cellular activity of this enzyme and: (a) cell growth kinetics of an established line (O-H-1) of human small cell lung carcinoma, and (b) responses of these cells to treatment with cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and sodium butyrate. The O-H-1 cells, as for most other established small-cell lines, grow as suspended cell aggregates. During growth, the specific cellular activity of L-dopa decarboxylase parallels levels for [3H]thymidine labeling index and the ratio of cells in G2-M to those in G1-G0 phases of the cell cycle. Each of these parameters is 2- to 3-fold higher during exponential versus stationary growth. Continuous treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dcAMP; 0.1 or 1 mM) and 1 mM theophylline produces simultaneous cessation of cell growth and an increase in cellular L-dopa decarboxylase activity. During this period, analyses of DNA histograms reveal an increase in the number of cells in the G2-M phase; the rate of increase in the ratio of G2-M to G1-Go cells paralleled the rate of increase in specific activity of the enzyme. The effects of the dcAMP were promptly reversible; release of the apparent G2-M block preceded regrowth of the cells and was accompanied by a return of L-dopa decarboxylase activity to base-line levels. The changes in enzyme activity were specific for cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate; another cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate analogue, 8-bromo adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate yielded similar increases in L-dopa decarboxylase to those seen with dcAMP, while 0.01 to 1 mM butyrate alone produced the inhibition of cell growth but no changes in specific activity of L-dopa decarboxylase or percentage of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle. We conclude that the specific activity of L-dopa decarboxylase, a key neuroendocrine marker for cultured small-cell lung carcinoma, is highest during proliferative growth and/or when these cells are in the G2M phase of the cell cycle. The differential effects of dcAMP and sodium butyrate offer potential for exploring neuroendocrine differentiation in this important lung cancer and related endocrine neoplasms.