gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of supplementation with Enterococcus faecium (SF68) on immune functions in cats. (2007)

T evaluate the effect of supplementation with Enterococcus faecium strain SF68 (NCIMB10415) on immune function, responses to a multivalent vaccine were investigated in kittens given palatability enhancer with or without E. faecium SF68 daily. E. faecium SF68 was detected in the feces of seven of nine treated cats. Supplementation of kittens with E. faecium SF68 did not affect developmental parameters. The percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in the treatment group. There were no statistical differences in measurements of any other nonspecific or specific immune parameters between groups.
Characterization of dissolved lignins from acetic acid Lignofibre (LGF) organosolv pulping and discussion of its delignification mechanisms (2014)

Abstract Birch chips were cooked by means of the Lignofibre (LGF) organosolv process in acetic acid (AA) and phosphinic acid (H 3 PO 2 ) at 150°C. The delignification rate and structure of the dissolved lignin was followed as a function of time. The degree of delignification increased steadily up to 88% during the 120 min treatment time. The dissolved lignins were precipitated from the spent liquor (SL) by water addition, washed, and purified for the analyses. Elemental analysis, 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were applied for the structural elucidation. It was found that the cleavage of the β-aryl ether linkages is the main reaction leading to delignification, accompanied by the formation of free phenolic hydroxyl groups and reduction in the content of aliphatic hydroxyl groups. The structure of the dissolved lignin remained the same after the drastic changes at the early stages of cooking (up to 30 min cooking time), indicating that secondary reactions (e.g., condensation) do not take place to a significant extent. H 3 PO 2 probably enhances the acidolysis reaction via an ester derivative that both boosts the cleavage reaction and prevents the formation of the carbocation intermediate that induces condensation. Homolytic cleavage reactions may take place parallel to the acidolytic reactions.
Designed poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(D,L-lactide)-based hydrogel structures prepared by stereolithography (2010)

Three-dimensional biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(D,L-lactide) hydrogel structures were prepared by stereolithography. A photo-polymerisable liquid resin comprising PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA-based macromer, visible light photo-initiator, dye and inhibitor in DMSO/water was used to build the structures. Hydrogels with welldefined architectures and good mechanical properties were prepared. Hydrogel structures with a gyroid pore network architecture showed narrow pore size distributions, excellent pore interconnectivity and good mechanical properties. The structures showed good cell seeding characteristics, and human mesenchymal stem cells adhered and proliferated on these materials.
High performance germanium photodetectors integrated on submicron silicon waveguides by low temperature wafer bonding (2008)

We demonstrate germanium photodetectors integrated on submicron silicon waveguides fabricated with a low temperature ( <or=400 degrees C) wafer bonding and ion-cut process. The devices shows a low dark current of approximately 100 nA, a fiber accessed responsivity of > 0.4 A/W and an estimated quantum efficiency of above 90%.
NME1L Negatively Regulates IGF1‐Dependent Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells (2015)

Non-metastatic cells 1 (NME1) or nm23 is the first metastasis suppressor gene discovered. It functions through various enzymatic activities and interacts with many intracellular proteins. The NME1 gene encodes two splicing variants, NME1 and NME1L. Most studies have focused on NME1 because of its abundance in cells. We previously reported NME1L-mediated suppression of NF-κB signaling by interacting with and inhibiting IKKβ. In this study, we demonstrated that NME1L, but not NME1, mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, although both NME1 and NME1L were involved in suppressing metastasis. A reporter gene assay was performed to determine the growth signaling pathway regulated by NME1L but none of the growth factors tested could induce an NF-κB-dependent luciferase expression except TNFα. Interestingly, SRE-reporter gene activation by IGF1 was significantly downregulated, along with reduction of ERK phosphorylation in NME1L expressing cells, compared to vector or NME1 expressing cells. NME1L directly interacted with KSR1, which is a scaffold for Raf-1, MEK, and ERK, that regulates ERK activation. Hence, NME1L plays a crucial role in regulation of cell proliferation by inhibiting IGF1-stimulated ERK phosphorylation through N-terminal 25 amino acid-mediated interaction with KSR1.
The Dystonias (1988)

Dystonia is a difficult problem for both the clinician and the scientist. It is sufficiently common to be seen by almost all physicians, yet uncommon enough to prevent any physician from gaining broad experience in its diagnosis and treatment. Each case represents a difficult challenge even to the specialist. The basic scientist is faced with investigating a disorder that is without relevant animal models and which is so rare that obtaining suitable tissue for study is a major obstacle. Dystonia may be idiopathic, or associated with lesions from many sources, including a variety of rare diseases. If idiopathic, it may be genetically transmitted or sporadic. If genetically transmitted, it may be generalized or focal, with symptoms varying in different members of the same family. It may be refractory to treatment, or it may respond to any one of a number of individual drugs that have very different mechanisms of action. For idiopathic dystonias, no clear method of genetic transmission has been established and no consistent pathology identified.
The role of novel T-cell growth factors in rejection (1997)

It is widely believed that classic T cell-produced T-cell growth factors (TCGFs) (interleukin-2, interleukin-4) play an important role in the execution of T cell-mediated phenomena. But these cytokines play a less essential role in vivo, even though they are critically important for T-cell proliferation in vitro. The sharing of common interleukin-2Rγ by multiple TCGF receptor complexes constitutes a structural basis for the functional redundancy of TCGFs. An identification of the specific TCGFs involved in allograft rejection and their individual roles may prove important in designing effective therapeutic strategies to promote long-term engraftment and tolerance.
Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in heart perturbs metabolism and exacerbates calcineurin-induced cardiomyopathy (2007)

The heart adapts to changes in nutritional status and energy demands by adjusting its relative metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids. Loss of this metabolic flexibility such as occurs in diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular disease and heart failure. To study the long-term consequences of impaired metabolic flexibility, we have generated mice that overexpress pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)4 selectively in the heart. Hearts from PDK4 transgenic mice have a marked decrease in glucose oxidation and a corresponding increase in fatty acid catabolism. Although no overt cardiomyopathy was observed in the PDK4 transgenic mice, introduction of the PDK4 transgene into mice expressing a constitutively active form of the phosphatase calcineurin, which causes cardiac hypertrophy, caused cardiomyocyte fibrosis and a striking increase in mortality. These results demonstrate that cardiac-specific overexpression of PDK4 is sufficient to cause a loss of metabolic flexibility that exacerbates cardiomyopathy caused by the calcineurin stress-activated pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION VON ORGANOMAGNESIUMHALOGENIDEN AN C=C‐BINDUNGEN 6. MITT. REAKTIONEN VON ALLYLMAGNESIUMHALOGENIDEN MIT OLEFINEN (1975)

Abstract Die Allylmagnesiumchloride (Ia) bzw. (Ib) reagieren mit den Alkenen (II) zu den Addukten (III), die nach Hydrolyse als die Kohlenwasserstoffe (KW) (IV) identifiziert werden.
T Cell Immunogenicity, Gene Expression Profile, and Safety of Four Heterologous Prime-Boost Combinations of HIV Vaccine Candidates in Healthy Volunteers: Results of the Randomized Multi-Arm Phase I/II ANRS VRI01 Trial (2022)

Heterologous prime-boost strategies are of interest for HIV vaccine development. The order of prime-boost components could be important for the induction of T cell responses. In this phase I/II multi-arm trial, three vaccine candidates were used as prime or boost: modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) HIV-B (coding for Gag, Pol, Nef); HIV LIPO-5 (five lipopeptides from Gag, Pol, Nef); DNA GTU-MultiHIV B (coding for Rev, Nef, Tat, Gag, Env gp160 clade B). Healthy human volunteers (<i>n</i> = 92) were randomized to four groups: 1) MVA at weeks 0/8 + LIPO-5 at weeks 20/28 (M/L); 2) LIPO-5 at weeks 0/8 + MVA at weeks 20/28 (L/M); 3) DNA at weeks 0/4/12 + LIPO-5 at weeks 20/28 (G/L); 4) DNA at weeks 0/4/12 + MVA at weeks 20/28 (G/M). The frequency of IFN-γ-ELISPOT responders at week 30 was 33, 43, 0, and 74%, respectively. Only MVA-receiving groups were further analyzed (<i>n</i> = 62). Frequency of HIV-specific cytokine-positive (IFN-γ, IL-2, or TNF-α) CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells increased significantly from week 0 to week 30 (median change of 0.06, 0.11, and 0.10% for M/L, L/M, and G/M, respectively), mainly after MVA vaccinations, and was sustained until week 52. HIV-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses increased significantly at week 30 in M/L and G/M (median change of 0.02 and 0.05%). Significant whole-blood gene expression changes were observed 2 wk after the first MVA injection, regardless of its use as prime or boost. An MVA gene signature was identified, including 86 genes mainly related to cell cycle pathways. Three prime-boost strategies led to CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell responses and to a whole-blood gene expression signature primarily due to their MVA HIV-B component.
An Ecotoxicological Survey of Tributaries of the Selenge River,Mongolia, August 2010 (2016)

The biodiversity of the Selenga river basin and the receiving waters of the lake Baikal, are among the greatest in the world with over 1,700 known endemic species of plants and animals. Mining activities along the Selenga river and its tributaries pose a major threat of chemical contamination, potentially reducing habitat quality and suitability for aquatic species. Moreover, the Selenga river serves as a major water source for the lake Baikal. Little information exists on the chemical contaminant concentrations in the Selenga river basin. Thus, the objectives of our study were to evaluate the concentrations of metals in soil, sediment, and fish in the Selenga. The concentrations of the metals were then compared to thresholds for toxicity to aquatic organisms. We sampled at 16 locations in the Tuul, Selbe, Khangal, Boro, Orkhon, and Selenge rivers in Mongolia in 2010. Concentrations of copper, chromium, nickel, lead and mercury were above predicted thresholds for toxicity at selected locations; however, most metals were below threshold values at the majority of stations sampled. Copper concentrations were elevated in sediments from the river Khangal downstream of Erdenet, Mongolia. Boro river sediments, at a location downstream from historic gold mining operations contained elevated concentrations of arsenic, lead, nickel, and mercury. Fish from this location also contained mercury at concentrations hazardous to both the fish and predators, including humans. The river Selbe in Ulaanbaatar had sediments with elevated concentrations of lead and zinc. The concentrations of metals in soil, and sediments from the Selenga and its tributaries in Mongolia were largely below thresholds for toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates. A few exceptions existed in which the concentrations of selected metals would pose a threat to aquatic fauna and potentially biodiversity in those regions.
Sound scattering and radiation from a thin rod in a viscous medium (1983)

Sound waves incident on a thin elastic rod whose radius is smaller than the wavelength of the incident sound induce flexural and uniform compressional oscillations in the rod. These elastic oscillations again radiate sound waves into the fluid medium and affect the scattered waves. This synopsis presents theory of sound scattering by, and acousto-elastic vibrations of, a thin elastic unbound rod in a viscous fluid. The shear viscosity of the fluid was considered in the solutions to the boundary-value problems concerning the sound scattering and the elastic response of the rod. Results show that the scattered compressional waves consist of the rigid-rod scattering of compressional wave, a monopolar wave due to the uniform pulsating of the rod, and a dipolar wave due to the flexural vibration of the rod. The scattered viscous waves consist of the rigid-rod scattering of viscous wave and a dipolar wave due to the flexural vibration of the rod. Acoustic resonances occur when the effective inertia force of the rod balances the stiffness force of the rod. The fluid viscosity and the scattering of sound give rise to radiation damping for the rod vibrations and affect significantly the acoustic resonances.
Multiband handset antennas by combining monopoles and intelligent ground planes (2012)

Ground plane plays a significant role in the radiation of handset devices. Through a ground plane modification, it is possible to obtain a multiband performance while keeping the same antenna geometry and small volume, which means that the design and intelligence relies on the ground plane. Numerical simulation has been used to understand the effect of the slots and a prototype has been built to validate the present solution. The proposal consists in a multiband planar monopole handset antenna of 13 mm × 11 mm with a slotted ground plane operating in multiple frequency standards (GSM850, GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2300, WiMAX, Bluetooth and WiFi).
Magnetic field variation by fiber loss on a peripheral nerve (2008)

The measurement of magnetic field around a peripheral nerve is a possible technique for peripheral nerve diagnosis. It seems to be sensitive in comparison to skin potential measurement, which is widely used as a diagnostic tool, called nerve conduction study, as the permeability is almost homogeneous in the body. The normal component of the magnetic field around a nerve after stimulation has two pairs of peaks of in-and out-magnetic fluxes typically. However the conduction velocity or the intensity of the component of the field at those peaks may change if the nerve is injured and some fibers are lost. As nerve fiber loss is often observed in diabetic patients, the magnetic field around a diabetic sural nerve after electric stimulation was executed. Much variety of the velocity and the intensity of the peaks was observed between diabetic nerves than controls. In several cases, slower conduction and higher peak intensity ratio of conduction side to stimulation side were observed. The analysis of magnetic field seemed to be a possible method for fiber loss diagnosis.
Phosphorylation of the myosin phosphatase target subunit by integrin-linked kinase (2002)

A mechanism proposed for regulation of myosin phosphatase (MP) activity is phosphorylation of the myosin phosphatase target subunit (MYPT1). Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is associated with the contractile machinery and can phosphorylate myosin at the myosin light-chain kinase sites. The possibility that ILK may also phosphorylate and regulate MP was investigated. ILK was associated with the MP holoenzyme, shown by Western blots and in-gel kinase assays. MYPT1 was phosphorylated by ILK and phosphorylation sites in the N- and C-terminal fragments of MYPT1 were detected. From sequence analyses, three sites were identified: a primary site at Thr(709), and two other sites at Thr(695) and Thr(495). One of the sites for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) was Ser(694). Assays with the catalytic subunit of type 1 phosphatase indicated that only the C-terminal fragment of MYPT1 phosphorylated by zipper-interacting protein kinase, and ILK inhibited activity. The phosphorylated N-terminal fragment activated phosphatase activity and phosphorylation by PKA was without effect. Using full-length MYPT1 constructs phosphorylated by various kinases it was shown that Rho kinase gave marked inhibition; ILK produced an intermediate level of inhibition, which was considerably reduced for the Thr(695)-->Ala mutant; and PKA had no effect. In summary, phosphorylation of the various sites indicated that Thr(695) was the major inhibitory site, Thr(709) had only a slight inhibitory effect and Ser(694) had no effect. The findings that ILK phosphorylated both MYPT1 and myosin and the association of ILK with MP suggest that ILK may influence cytoskeletal structure or function.
Graph Multiview Canonical Correlation Analysis (2019)

Multiview canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) seeks latent low-dimensional representations encountered with multiview data of shared entities (a.k.a. common sources). However, existing MCCA approaches do not exploit the geometry of the common sources, which may be available a priori, or can be constructed using certain domain knowledge. This prior information about the common sources can be encoded by a graph, and be invoked as a regularizer to enrich the maximum variance MCCA framework. In this context, this paper's novel graph-regularized MCCA (GMCCA) approach minimizes the distance between the wanted canonical variables and the common low-dimensional representations, while accounting for graph-induced knowledge of the common sources. Relying on a function capturing the extent to which the low-dimensional representations of the multiple views are similar, a generalization bound of GMCCA is established based on Rademacher's complexity. Tailored for setups where the number of data pairs is smaller than the data vector dimensions, a graph-regularized dual MCCA approach is also developed. To further deal with nonlinearities present in the data, graph-regularized kernel MCCA variants are put forward too. Interestingly, solutions of the graph-regularized linear, dual, and kernel MCCA are all provided in terms of generalized eigenvalue decomposition. Several corroborating numerical tests using real datasets are provided to showcase the merits of the graph-regularized MCCA variants relative to several competing alternatives including MCCA, Laplacian-regularized MCCA, and (graph-regularized) PCA.
Site-selective silicon adatom desorption using femtosecond laser pulse pairs and scanning tunneling microscopy (2003)

We performed an experimental study of silicon adatom desorption from the Si(111)-7×7 surface using femtosecond laser pulse pair excitation with 80 fs pulse duration, 800 nm center wavelength, 300 mW average power, and a 100 MHz repetition rate. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we directly recorded the desorption characteristics at each delay setting for each of the four adatom binding sites. The study revealed a preferential dependence between the delay time and the adatom sites within a 66.6–1000 fs delay range.
Low dark current SWIR photodiode with InGaAs/GaAsSb Type II quantum wells grown on InP substrate (2009)

For sensing short wavelength infrared (SWIR) region (1.0-2.5 mum), photodiodes with In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As/GaAs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> type II quantum well structure grown on InP substrate by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), were successfully fabricated. Low dark current was obtained by improving GaAsSb crystalline quality.
Genetic variation in the functional ENG allele inherited from the non-affected parent associates with presence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 1 (HHT1) and may influence expression of PTPN14 (2015)

HHT shows clinical variability within and between families. Organ site and prevalence of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) depend on the HHT causative gene and on environmental and genetic modifiers. We tested whether variation in the functional ENG allele, inherited from the unaffected parent, alters risk for pulmonary AVM in HHT1 mutation carriers who are ENG haploinsufficient. Genetic association was found between rs10987746 of the wild type ENG allele and presence of pulmonary AVM [relative risk = 1.3 (1.0018-1.7424)]. The rs10987746-C at-risk allele associated with lower expression of ENG RNA in a panel of human lymphoblastoid cell lines (P = 0.004). Moreover, in angiogenically active human lung adenocarcinoma tissue, but not in uninvolved quiescent lung, rs10987746-C was correlated with expression of PTPN14 (P = 0.004), another modifier of HHT. Quantitative TAQMAN expression analysis in a panel of normal lung tissues from 69 genetically heterogeneous inter-specific backcross mice, demonstrated strong correlation between expression levels of Eng, Acvrl1, and Ptpn14 (r2 = 0.75-0.9, P < 1 × 10(-12)), further suggesting a direct or indirect interaction between these three genes in lung in vivo. Our data indicate that genetic variation within the single functional ENG gene influences quantitative and/or qualitative differences in ENG expression that contribute to risk of pulmonary AVM in HHT1, and provide correlative support for PTPN14 involvement in endoglin/ALK1 lung biology in vivo. PTPN14 has been shown to be a negative regulator of Yap/Taz signaling, which is implicated in mechanotransduction, providing a possible molecular link between endoglin/ALK1 signaling and mechanical stress. EMILIN2, which showed suggestive genetic association with pulmonary AVM, is also reported to interact with Taz in angiogenesis. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms regulating these interactions in endothelial cells may ultimately provide more rational choices for HHT therapy.
Reply to Engelthaler and Meyer, “Furthering the Continental Drift Speciation Hypothesis in the Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species Complexes” (2017)

We thank and compliment Engelthaler and Meyer for their letter (1), which provides new information extending our hypothesis that continental drift was a major influence in driving speciation within the Cryptococcus species complexes (2). Their map superimposing the four major current Cryptococcus gattii molecular types/ species (VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV) on the map of Pangea sheds light on possible origins of Asian, Indian, and Iberian isolates and clearly delineates areas that are unexplored and in need of sampling. We are encouraged by the notion that viewing cryptococcal speciation in the larger context of continental drift is already stimulating new thought, and we hope that it also catalyzes new experimental work to separate ancient speciation events in deep geologic time from more recent introductions of isolates in defined geographic areas.
The role of physical controllers in motion video gaming (2012)

Systems that detect the unaugmented human body allow players to interact without using a physical controller. But how is interaction altered by the absence of a physical input device? What is the impact on game performance, on a player's expectation of their ability to control the game, and on their game experience? In this study, we investigate these issues in the context of a table tennis video game. The results show that the impact of holding a physical controller, or indeed of the fidelity of that controller, does not appear in simple measures of performance. Rather, the difference between controllers is a function of the responsiveness of the game being controlled, as well as other factors to do with expectations, real world game experience and social context.