gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Our Experiences in Nipple Reconstruction Using the Hammond flap (2014)

In the present study, compared with other techniques, the use of the Hammond flap technique in nipple reconstruction showed competitive results with regard to nipple projection and patient satisfaction.
Band-like transport in high mobility unencapsulated single-layer MoS2 transistors (2013)

Ultra-thin MoS2 has recently emerged as a promising two-dimensional semiconductor for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, we report high mobility (&amp;gt;60 cm2/Vs at room temperature) field-effect transistors that employ unencapsulated single-layer MoS2 on oxidized Si wafers with a low level of extrinsic contamination. While charge transport in the sub-threshold regime is consistent with a variable range hopping model, monotonically decreasing field-effect mobility with increasing temperature suggests band-like transport in the linear regime. At temperatures below 100 K, temperature-independent mobility is limited by Coulomb scattering, whereas, at temperatures above 100 K, phonon-limited mobility decreases as a power law with increasing temperature.
Laser-Induced Deposition of Palladium and Gas-Phase Photofragmentation Pathways from (2-Methylallyl)(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato) Palladium (2000)

Metallic palladium films are prepared at 10-2 Torr by 308 nm irradiation of gaseous (2-methylallyl)(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato) palladium. Gas-phase luminescence spectra recorded during the photochemical deposition process are used to identify photofragments. X-ray photoelectron analysis of the films shows that they consist primarily of palladium metal; the films produced with H2 carrier gas have no detectable fluorine and barely discernible carbon contaminants. The Pd films are polycrystalline fcc (face-centered cubic) palladium with preferential growth along the 111 direction. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the films formed with H2 carrier gas are smooth and consist of granules less than 35 nm in diameter. Further characterization of the gas-phase photofragmentation process is carried out by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. The dominant peak present in the mass spectrum under 308 nm irradiation arises from palladium ions. No fragments containing palladium and other elements (especially PdC or PdF) are found. Pathways of photofragmentation, comparisons with other metal 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2-4-pentanedionate compounds, and the implications for laser-assisted chemical vapor deposition are discussed.
Genetic deletion of microglial Panx1 attenuates morphine withdrawal, but not analgesic tolerance or hyperalgesia in mice (2017)

Opioids are among the most powerful analgesics for managing pain, yet their repeated use can lead to the development of severe adverse effects. In a recent study, we identified the microglial pannexin-1 channel (Panx1) as a critical substrate for opioid withdrawal. Here, we investigated whether microglial Panx1 contributes to opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and opioid analgesic tolerance using mice with a tamoxifen-inducible deletion of microglial Panx1. We determined that escalating doses of morphine resulted in thermal pain hypersensitivity in both Panx1-expressing and microglial Panx1-deficient mice. In microglial Panx1-deficient mice, we also found that acute morphine antinociception remained intact, and repeated morphine treatment at a constant dose resulted in a progressive decline in morphine antinociception and a reduction in morphine potency. This reduction in morphine antinociceptive potency was indistinguishable from that observed in Panx1-expressing mice. Notably, morphine tolerant animals displayed increased spinal microglial reactivity, but no change of microglial Panx1 expression. Collectively, our findings indicate microglial Panx1 differentially contributes to opioid withdrawal, but not the development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia or tolerance.
Aspirin prevents adhesion of T lymphoblasts to vascular smooth muscle cells (2007)

In the development of atherosclerosis, inflammatory cells adhere to and migrate into the vascular walls by interacting with vascular smooth muscle cells. To investigate the mechanism of aspirin's anti-atherogenic activity, we examined whether aspirin inhibits the adhesion of lymphocytes to human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMC). Aspirin inhibited T-cell adhesion to AoSMC activated by interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in a dose-dependent manner. Antibodies to the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 or VCAM-1, but not to E-selectin, prevented T-cell adhesion. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression stimulated by IL-1beta was reduced by the treatment with aspirin, whereas the expression of E-selectin was unaffected. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity was enhanced by IL-1beta and reduced by aspirin, indicating that decreased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was due to reduced NF-kappaB activity.Thus, aspirin inhibits the adhesion of Jurkat T cells to IL-1beta-activated AoSMC by reducing NF-kappaB activity and decreasing expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and may prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
WikiWalk (2009)

Computing semantic relatedness of natural language texts is a key component of tasks such as information retrieval and summarization, and often depends on knowledge of a broad range of real-world concepts and relationships. We address this knowledge integration issue by computing semantic relatedness using personalized PageRank (random walks) on a graph derived from Wikipedia. This paper evaluates methods for building the graph, including link selection strategies, and two methods for representing input texts as distributions over the graph nodes: one based on a dictionary lookup, the other based on Explicit Semantic Analysis. We evaluate our techniques on standard word relatedness and text similarity datasets, finding that they capture similarity information complementary to existing Wikipedia-based relatedness measures, resulting in small improvements on a state-of-the-art measure.
The kinship or k-index as an antidote against the toxic effects of h-indices (2011)

International audience
Spectrum of the Cavity-QED Microlaser: Strong Coupling Effects in the Frequency Pulling at Off Resonance (2012)

We report the first experimental observation of the cavity-QED microlaser spectrum, specifically the unconventional frequency pulling brought by a strong atom-cavity coupling at off resonance. The pulling is enhanced quadratically by the atom-cavity coupling to result in a sensitive response to the number of pumping atoms (2.1 kHz per atom maximally). Periodic variation of the pulling due to the coherent Rabi oscillation is also observed as the number of pumping atoms is increased across multiple thresholds.
Substrate current in N-channel and P-channel MOSFETs between 77K and 300K: Characterization and simulation (1985)

Silicon is the material of choice for fabrication of high circuit density, low defect density and high speed integrated devices. CMOS technology provides the additional advantage of low power dissipation. Performance enhancement can be obtained by operating CMOS circuits at liquid nitrogen temperatures [1]. However, low temperature operation exacerbates the generation of substrate current by impact ionization, leading to potential device degradation [2]. This work characterizes the temperature behavior of the substrate current, and presents a model describing this behavior based on Shockley's lucky electron (LE) model [3]. For N-channel (P-channel) devices, the model is extended using a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution of hot electron (hole) energies above (below) the conduction (valence) band minimum (maximum}. We implement the model in the 2-D device simulator CADDET [4]. The agreement between data and simulations enhances physical understanding of substrate current in MOSFETs, and warrants confident design of a CMOS technology for cryogenic operation.
A Kennedy Space Center implementation of IEEE 1451 (2006)

To meet the demand for more reliable sensory data, longer sensor calibration cycles, and more useful information for operators at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC), NASA's Instrumentation Branch and ASRC's Advanced Electronics and Technology Development Laboratory at the KSC are developing custom intelligent sensors based on the IEEE 1451 family of smart-sensor standards. The KSC intelligent sensors are known as Smart Networked Elements (SNEs), and each SNE includes transducers and their associated Transducer Electronic Data Sheets (TEDS), signal conditioning, analog-to-digital conversion, software algorithms for performing health checks on the data, and a network connection for sending data to other SNEs and higher-level systems. The development of the SNE has led to the definition of custom architectures, protocols, IEEE 1451 implementations, and TEDS, which are presented in this paper. The IEEE 1451 standards describe the architecture, message formats, software objects, and communication protocols within the smart sensor. Because of the standard's complexity, KSC has simplified the IEEE 1451 architecture and narrowed the scope of software objects to be included in the SNE to create a "light" IEEE 1451 implementation, and has used the manufacturer-defined TEDS to customize the SNE with health indicators. Furthermore, KSC has developed a protocol that allows the SNEs to communicate over an Ethernet network while reducing bandwidth requirements.
Inverter gate drive and phase leg development for 175&#x00B0;C operation (2008)

An inverter phase leg has been developed that can operate in an ambient temperature up to 175 degrees Celsius using commercially-available components to the greatest possible extent. This phase leg includes a discrete gate drive circuit that incorporates both level-shifting and isolated power supply functions. A high-temperature prototype gate drive has been built and tested using small- signal bipolar transistors and diodes combined with suitable high-temperature passive components rated for operation at temperatures up to 200degC. A SPICE model was developed to study the gate drive operating characteristics over a wide temperature range from 25 to 175degC. Measured results closely match the simulation results. In addition, the gate drive circuit has been tested as part of a complete half-bridge inverter utilizing a pair of silicon carbide DMOSFETs and Schottky diodes together with stacked ceramic capacitors. Experimental results show that the gate drive and phase leg performance characteristics are well behaved at all temperatures up to 175degC.
A Novel Approach for Reducing Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation by Injection of a Polymer to Reverse Remodel and Reposition Displaced Papillary Muscles (2008)

PVA polymer injection resulted in acute reverse remodeling of the ventricle with papillary muscle repositioning to decrease MR. This was not associated with an adverse effect on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. This new approach to alter pathological anatomy after infarction may offer an alternative strategy for relieving ischemic MR by correcting the position of the affected papillary muscle, thus relieving apical tethering.
Differential flatness and absolute equivalence (2002)

In this paper we give a formulation of differential flatness-a concept originally introduced by Fliess, Levine, Martin, and Rouchon (1992)-in terms of absolute equivalence between exterior differential systems. Systems which are differentially flat have several useful properties which can be exploited to generate effective control strategies for nonlinear systems. The original definition of flatness was given in the context of differential algebra, and required that all mappings be meromorphic functions. Our formulation of flatness does not require any algebraic structure and allows one to use tools from exterior differential systems to help characterize differentially flat systems. In particular, we show that in the case of single input control systems (i.e., codimension 2 Pfaffian systems), a system is differentially flat if and only if it is feedback linearizable via static state feedback. However, in higher codimensions feedback linearizability and flatness are not equivalent: one must be careful with the role of time as well the use of prolongations which may not be realizable as dynamic feedbacks in a control setting. Applications of differential flatness to nonlinear control systems and open questions are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical Time-of-Flight Chemical Detection:  Spatially Resolved Analyte Mapping with Extended-Length Continuous Chemically Modified Optical Fibers (1998)

We theoretically evaluate and experimentally verify a novel strategy for spatially resolved analyte mapping over extended remote areas. The approach combines a method for the fabrication of continuous extended-length sensors with optical time-of-flight chemical detection (OTOF-CD). The use of OTOF-CD makes it possible to locate the zones in the fiber where attenuation or fluorescence takes place, to determine the magnitude of these variations, and to relate the magnitude of the variations to the local concentration or concentrations of a single analyte or several analytes. Simulation experiments suggest that OTOF-CD should provide spatial resolution close to its theoretical limit by deconvolution of the returned wave form with all time-dependent experimental variables (laser pulse width, reagent fluorescence lifetime, etc.). The signal-processing technique should be useful for a wide variety of sensors based on absorption, refractive index, or statically and dynamically quenched fluorescence. Experimental results with a model system (a 48-m-long oxygen sensor) compare favorably with those predicted by numerical simulations. Possible experimental difficulties in the realization of these novel sensors are discussed as are ways to overcome them.
The Yeast Complex I Equivalent NADH Dehydrogenase Rescues pink1 Mutants (2012)

Pink1 is a mitochondrial kinase involved in Parkinson's disease, and loss of Pink1 function affects mitochondrial morphology via a pathway involving Parkin and components of the mitochondrial remodeling machinery. Pink1 loss also affects the enzymatic activity of isolated Complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC); however, the primary defect in pink1 mutants is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that ETC deficiency is upstream of other pink1-associated phenotypes. We expressed Saccaromyces cerevisiae Ndi1p, an enzyme that bypasses ETC Complex I, or sea squirt Ciona intestinalis AOX, an enzyme that bypasses ETC Complex III and IV, in pink1 mutant Drosophila and find that expression of Ndi1p, but not of AOX, rescues pink1-associated defects. Likewise, loss of function of subunits that encode for Complex I-associated proteins displays many of the pink1-associated phenotypes, and these defects are rescued by Ndi1p expression. Conversely, expression of Ndi1p fails to rescue any of the parkin mutant phenotypes. Additionally, unlike pink1 mutants, fly parkin mutants do not show reduced enzymatic activity of Complex I, indicating that Ndi1p acts downstream or parallel to Pink1, but upstream or independent of Parkin. Furthermore, while increasing mitochondrial fission or decreasing mitochondrial fusion rescues mitochondrial morphological defects in pink1 mutants, these manipulations fail to significantly rescue the reduced enzymatic activity of Complex I, indicating that functional defects observed at the level of Complex I enzymatic activity in pink1 mutant mitochondria do not arise from morphological defects. Our data indicate a central role for Complex I dysfunction in pink1-associated defects, and our genetic analyses with heterologous ETC enzymes suggest that Ndi1p-dependent NADH dehydrogenase activity largely acts downstream of, or in parallel to, Pink1 but upstream of Parkin and mitochondrial remodeling.
In-Operando Imaging of Electrodeposition and Dendrites Using Nanoscale X-Ray Computed Tomography (2016)

The widespread implementation of lithium-ion batteries in systems ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles has generated a remarkable demand for batteries with improved durability and performance. In order to satisfy said demand, the issue of dendrite formation must be addressed; dendrite growths inside batteries have been observed to create an internal short circuit that results in catastrophic failure. 1 Consequently, dendrite propagation not only poses a significant safety hazard to existing lithium-ion batteries, but also is detrimental to the development of next-generation lithium based energy storage technologies such as lithium-air batteries. A better understanding of dendrite nucleation and growth behavior through direct visualization is crucial to developing effective dendrite mitigation techniques. Prior studies observed these phenomena using electron microscopy 2 and micro-scale resolution X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT). 3,4 These approaches present distinct challenges, including the vacuum environment of electron microscopes 2,5 and insufficient resolution of micro-CT to image nucleation events. 3 An interesting alternative is the use of the nano-scale resolution X-ray CT (nano-CT) that allows for three-dimensional observations within opaque materials at high resolution (50 nm) with any electrolyte with controlled environmental conditions. In this study, an in-operando cell for nano-CT imaging was designed and fabricated, in which the working electrode is prepared on a metal wire placed within electrolyte contained by a sealed capillary. This work addresses the particular challenges of preparing in-operando electrochemical cells for lab-scale nano-CT instruments, which include sealing, limited cell size, and the beam path length through the sample. Additional considerations include the development of high temporal resolution 4D (3D plus time) reconstruction algorithms to address the longer exposure times of lab-scale instruments. Preliminary experiments demonstrating these capabilities include the imaging of dendritic copper electrodeposition using copper wires and aqueous copper sulfate electrolyte. Figure 1 shows the images of the in-operando copper dendrite growth acquired using the nano-CT with a 65 mm field of view and an exposure time of 10 s. The results in Figure 1f show that following the initial cell transient, the cell current increases with the corresponding increased surface area of the dendrites. References 1. P. G. Balakrishnan, R. Ramesh, and T. Prem Kumar, J. Power Sources , 155 , 401–414 (2006) 2. J. K. Stark, Y. Ding, and P. A. Kohl, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 160 , D337–D342 (2013) 3. K. J. Harry, D. T. Hallinan, D. Y. Parkinson, A. A. MacDowell, and N. P. Balsara, Nat. Mater. , 13 , 69–73 (2014) 4. D. S. Eastwood et al., Chem. Commun. (Camb). , 51 , 266–8 (2015) 5. W. Xu et al., Energy Environ. Sci. , 7 , 513–537 (2014) Figure 1
Turner Syndrome: Effect of Hormone Therapies on Height Velocity and Adult Height (1988)

76 patients with Turner syndrome received estrogen alone, androgen and estrogen started simultaneously or, after preceding androgen therapy, estrogen with or without androgen. Six patients had spontaneous pubertal development and received no estrogen. Two patients received human growth hormone with androgen during greater than 2.0 years. Height velocity increased during all therapies to mean SD scores of 7.6 during androgen-estrogen started simultaneously, 4.6 during androgen alone, 4.2 during androgen-estrogen after preceding androgen, 2.7 during estrogen alone, and 0.6 during estrogen after preceding androgen. Adult height was measured in all cases, it was 145.5 +/- 5.7 (mean +/- SD) for the whole series without significant differences between the groups. It correlated strongly with midparent height, and was greater for patients with the 45,X karyotype than for the others combined.
High Speed Electro-Absorption Modulator for Long Range Retroreflective Free Space Optics (2017)

In this letter, we present the design and implementation of a pixelated electro-absorption modulator-based modulating retroreflector (MRR) for high-speed optical wireless communications. The modulator is based on a multiple quantum well structure embedded in an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity. This MRR was used in an outdoor link, operating at 150 Mb/s with a bit error rate (BER) of 1.22 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> at a range of 200 m. The system was also tested in laboratory-controlled conditions achieving a data rate of 200 Mb/s with a BER of 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> . To the best of our knowledge, this is the fastest retroreflective free-space optics demonstration in both the indoor and outdoor environments.
Evaluation and the Differential Use of Staff: A Model (1980)

The authors describe a system designed to evaluate the activities of a school social work team made up of workers having four different levels of training. This flexible, unobtrusive approach to assessment is based principally on the use of a rating scale and the technique known as random-moment study.
Study of Laparoscopic Management of Urological Diseases at Tertiary Care Centre (2019)

Introduction: With the advent of laparoscopic surgery, urologists once again found it necessary to traverse the peritoneal cavity in order to provide their patients with the benefit of this less invasive type of surgery. In this study we studied the prevalence of laparoscopic urological surgeries, ergonomics involved, difficulties faced and complications related to laparoscopic procedures.
The Somatic Cancer Genome (2014)

New genome sequencing technologies have led to an explosion of cancer genome sequence information, resulting in new insights into the genetic basis of cancer. This talk will review recent advances in somatic cancer genome analysis, with particular emphasis on hematological malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. New analytical approaches have led to both a refined ability to distinguish true drivers of cancer from mere passenger mutations and to a better understanding of what scale of cancer genome sequencing will be required to “complete” a cancer genome atlas of mutations. While many of the recurrently mutated genes in cancer have known function, many remain uncharacterized. As such, a new kind of follow-up research activity is required – one that can bring systematic, high throughput biology methods to bear on elucidating mutant allele function and their potential as therapeutic targets. Efforts to pilot such a “Target Accelerator” will be presented, with particular emphasis on use of the Connectivity Map/Library of integrated cellular signatures (LINCS) resource to systematically connect mutant alleles to pathways and to potential therapeutic strategies. Disclosures Golub: Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Consultancy, Equity Ownership.