gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Code-only dependent asynchronous CDMA receivers for MUI elimination and mitigation of unknown multipath (2002)

The use of CDMA communication systems over frequency selective channels requires channel estimation or complex receiver structures to mitigate multi-user interference (MUI). Different classes of codes such as Gold codes or wavelet packets have been adopted. But new codes, called Lagrange codes, have been designed which include OFDM and multi-carrier transmissions as special cases. With simple linear (so called Vandermonde) receivers, Lagrange codes offer complete MUI cancellation independent of the channels' impulse responses, by converting the effect of frequency selective channels into flat fading. We analyze the performance of CDMA-Lagrange transmitters and Vandermonde receivers, when each user transmits differentially encoded binary symbols. With differential demodulation at the receiver, we circumvent residual flat fading effects, while deep channel fades are handled via a root hopping technique.
Prospective Evaluation of Fecal Calprotectin As A Screening Biomarker for Colorectal Neoplasia (2003)

In this cohort of colonoscopy patients at above average risk, fecal calprotectin was a poor screening biomarker for colorectal neoplasia. Further investigation of tumor-derived, rather than blood-based, biomarkers may be a more rewarding approach to stool screening for colorectal neoplasia.
SNEDDS Containing Poorly Water Soluble Cinnarizine; Development and in Vitro Characterization of Dispersion, Digestion and Solubilization (2012)

Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDSs) were developed using well-defined excipients with the objective of mimicking digested SNEDDSs without the use of enzymes and in vitro lipolysis models and thereby enabling studies of the morphology and size of nanoemulsions as well as digested nanoemulsions by Cryo-TEM imaging and Dynamic Light Scattering. Four SNEDDSs (I-IV) were developed. Going from SNEDDS I to IV lipid content and solubility of the model drug cinnarizine decreased, which was also the case for dispersion time and droplet size. Droplet size of all SNEDDS was evaluated at 1% (w/w) dispersion under different conditions. Cinnarizine incorporation increased the droplet size of SNEDDSs I and II whereas for SNEDDSs III and IV no difference was observed. At low pH cinnarizine had no effect on droplet size, probably due to increased aqueous solubility and partitioning into the aqueous phase. Dispersion of the SNEDDSs in Simulated Intestinal Media (SIM) containing bile salts and phospholipids resulted in a decrease in droplet size for all SNEDDS, as compared to dispersion in buffer. Increasing the bile salt/phospholipid content in the SIM decreased the droplet sizes further. Mimicked digested SNEDDS with highest lipid content (I and II) formed smaller nanoemulsion droplet sizes upon dispersion in SIM, whereas droplet size from III and IV were virtually unchanged by digestion. Increasing the bile acid/phosphatidylcholine content in the SIM generally decreased droplet size, due to the solubilizing power of the endogenous surfactants. Digestion of SNEDDSs II resulted in formation of vesicles or micelles in fasted and fed state SIM, respectively. The developed and characterized SNEDDS provide for a better knowledge of the colloid phases generated during digestion of SNEDDS and therefore will enable studies that may yield a more detailed understanding of SNEDDS performance.
The volume and evolution of web page templates (2005)

Web pages contain a combination of unique content and template material, which is present across multiple pages and used primarily for formatting, navigation, and branding. We study the nature, evolution, and prevalence of these templates on the web. As part of this work, we develop new randomized algorithms for template extraction that perform approximately twenty times faster than existing approaches with similar quality. Our results show that 40--50% of the content on the web is template content. Over the last eight years, the fraction of template content has doubled, and the growth shows no sign of abating. Text, links, and total HTML bytes within templates are all growing as a fraction of total content at a rate of between 6 and 8% per year. We discuss the deleterious implications of this growth for information retrieval and ranking, classification, and link analysis.
Malignant arrhythmia in apical ballooning syndrome: risk factors and outcomes. (2008)

Life-threatening arrhythmia is uncommon (5.7%) with ABS despite marked, structural abnormalities. When arrhythmias do occur, the outcome is poor. Prominent variability in R-R intervals appears to be predictive of significant arrhythmias in ABS. The role of beta-blocker therapy in preventing arrhythmia with ABS requires further investigation.
Search for a new Z′ gauge boson in 4μ events with the ATLAS experiment (2023)

A bstract This paper presents a search for a new Z ′ vector gauge boson with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using pp collision data collected at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 . The new gauge boson Z ′ is predicted by L μ − L τ models to address observed phenomena that can not be explained by the Standard Model. The search examines the four-muon (4 μ ) final state, using a deep learning neural network classifier to separate the Z ′ signal from the Standard Model background events. The di-muon invariant masses in the 4 μ events are used to extract the Z ′ resonance signature. No significant excess of events is observed over the predicted background. Upper limits at a 95% confidence level on the Z ′ production cross-section times the decay branching fraction of pp → Z ′ μμ → 4 μ are set from 0.31 to 4.3 fb for the Z ′ mass ranging from 5 to 81 GeV. The corresponding common coupling strengths, g Z ′ , of the Z ′ boson to the second and third generation leptons above 0.003 – 0.2 have been excluded.
VCAM-1 is a TGF-β1 inducible gene upregulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2015)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lethal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. We previously reported that high plasma levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) predict mortality in IPF subjects. Here we investigated the cellular origin and potential role of VCAM-1 in regulating primary lung fibroblast behavior. VCAM-1 mRNA was significantly increased in lungs of subjects with IPF compared to lungs from control subjects (p=0.001), and it negatively correlated with two markers of lung function, forced vital capacity (FVC) and pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). VCAM-1 protein levels were highly expressed in IPF subjects where it was detected in fibrotic foci and blood vessels of IPF lung. Treatment of human lung fibroblasts with TGF-β1 significantly increased steady-state VCAM1 mRNA and protein levels without affecting VCAM1 mRNA stability. Further, cellular depletion of VCAM-1 inhibited fibroblast cell proliferation and reduced G2/M and S phases of the cell cycle suggestive of cell cycle arrest. These effects on cell cycle progression triggered by VCAM1 depletion were associated with reductions in levels of phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 and cyclin D1. Thus, these observations suggest that VCAM-1 is a TGF-β1 responsive mediator that partakes in fibroblast proliferation in subjects with IPF.
Multicast mode selection for multi-antenna coded caching (2018)

A wireless coded caching (CC) setup is considered, where a multi-antenna transmitter delivers contents to multiple cache-enabled users. Exploiting multicasting opportunities provided by the coded caching paradigm, novel interference management schemes are proposed by assigning carefully designed beamforming vectors to different multicast messages. Thereby, the proposed design benefits from spatial multiplexing gain, improved interference management and the global CC gain, simultaneously. In addition, a novel multicast mode selection scheme is proposed which determines the optimum multicast group sizes providing the best complexity-performance tradeoff for a given SNR range. While the proposed scheme exhibits the same near-optimal degrees-of-freedom (DoF) performance as previously proposed methods, it will surpass them at the practical finite SNR regimes. In addition to reducing the complexity, the proposed mode selection feature also provides significantly better rate than previously proposed schemes.
Antagonistic effects of two novel GIP analogs, (Hyp3)GIP and (Hyp3)GIPLys16PAL, on the biological actions of GIP and longer-term effects in diabeticob/obmice (2007)

This study examines the actions of the novel enzyme-resistant, NH2-terminally modified GIP analog (Hyp(3))GIP and its fatty acid-derivatized analog (Hyp(3))GIPLys(16)PAL. Acute effects are compared with the established GIP receptor antagonist (Pro(3))GIP. All three peptides exhibited DPP IV resistance, and significantly inhibited GIP stimulated cAMP formation and insulin secretion in GIP receptor-transfected fibroblasts and in clonal pancreatic BRIN-BD11 cells, respectively. Likewise, in obese diabetic ob/ob mice, intraperitoneal administration of GIP analogs significantly inhibited the acute antihyperglycemic and insulin-releasing effects of native GIP. Administration of once daily injections of (Hyp(3))GIP or (Hyp(3))GIPLys(16)PAL for 14 days resulted in significantly lower plasma glucose levels (P < 0.05) after (Hyp(3))GIP on days 12 and 14 and enhanced glucose tolerance (P < 0.05) and insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) in both groups by day 14. Both (Hyp(3))GIP and (Hyp(3))GIPLys(16)PAL treatment also reduced pancreatic insulin (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) without affecting islet number. These data indicate that (Hyp(3))GIP and (Hyp(3))GIPLys(16)PAL function as GIP receptor antagonists with potential for ameliorating obesity-related diabetes. Acylation of (Hyp(3))GIP to extend bioactivity does not appear to be of any additional benefit.
Automated diffraction tomography - a new tool to access structures from nano crystals (2009)

The ab initio structure determination using precession electron diffraction will be discussed for different examples of complex oxides. The focus of the study is on the possibility to determine the oxygen positions in compounds containing heavy scattering elements. The effect of recording techniques, presence of heavy scatterers, cell volume, symmetry, and other aspects will be elaborated upon. The possibility to localize the oxygen atoms will be demonstrated using a relatively simple rutile type SnO 2 structure. The solution obtained with the precession electron diffraction data is in excellent correspondence with the structure refined from X-ray diffraction data. The application of the precession electron diffraction technique to more challenging structures will be shown using the examples of the Sr 3 AlMn 2 O x phase (high unit cell volume, low symmetry) and the PbMnO 2.3 phase (large unit cell volume, presence of very heavy scatterer such as Pb). For such compounds precession electron diffraction is a promising tool for obtaining structural information because conventional structure solution using powder diffraction data is hampered by the multiphasic nature of the samples and the weakness of the superlattice reflections originating from the ordering of oxygen atoms and vacancies.
Tracking multiple targets using binary proximity sensors (2007)

Recent work has shown that, despite the minimal information provided by a binary proximity sensor, a network of such sensors can provide remarkably good target tracking performance. In this paper, we examine the performance of such a sensor network for tracking multiple targets. We begin with geometric arguments that address the problem of counting the number of distinct targets, given a snapshot of the sensor readings. We provide necessary and sufficient criteria for an accurate target count in a one-dimensional setting, and provide a greedy algorithm that determines the minimum number of targets that is consistent with the sensor readings. While these combinatorial arguments bring out the difficulty of target counting based on sensor readings at a given time, they leave open the possibility of accurate counting and tracking by exploiting the evolution of the sensor readings across time. To this end, we develop a particle filtering algorithm based on a cost function that penalizes changes in velocity. An extensive set of simulations, as well as experiments with passive infrared sensors, are reported. We conclude that, despite the combinatorial complexity of target counting, probabilistic approaches based on fairly generic models for the trajectories yield respectable tracking performance.
CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs are activated by injury (2008)

Enhanced CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) potency occurs following injury suggesting that Tregs may play a natural role in controlling the host response to injury. This study addresses whether injury can activate Tregs. To accomplish this, we used a FoxP3‐GFP knock‐in mouse as a tool to accurately identify and measure phenotypic changes in FoxP3‐expressing Tregs in sham versus injured mice. FoxP3‐GFP mice were anesthetized and underwent sham or burn injury. At days 1, 3, and 7 after injury, mice were sacrificed and cells were prepared from the injury site, lymph nodes draining the injury site, and spleen. Cells were stained to detect CD4 T cells and counterstained to detect changes in CD25, CD69, CD62L, ICOS, PD‐1, and CTLA‐4 expression levels. We found that injury caused a significant increase in the percentage of FoxP3+ Tregs in the lymph nodes draining the injury site at all time points after injury. In contrast, significant increases in Tregs were not detected until 7 days after injury at the site of injury and in the spleen. The results of experiments testing for phenotypic changes in Tregs after injury showed that injury induced increased expression of CD25, CD62L‐low, ICOS, PD‐1, and CTLA‐4 on lymph node and spleen FoxP3+ Tregs as early as 1 day after injury. At 7 days after injury, FoxP3+ CD4 T cells showed further signs of activation and expressed significantly higher levels of ICOS and CTLA4. We confirmed that injury activates Tregs by performing an adoptive transfer of FoxP3‐GFP+ cells into CD4−/− mice and showing that Tregs from burn mice expressed an activated phenotype. Thus, Tregs are activated by injury and injury can increase the percentage of Tregs at the site of injury, the draining lymph nodes and spleen. Therefore, the enhanced Treg function that occurs after injury might be due to the injury‐induced activation of FoxP3+ Tregs.
A recurring pattern of chromosomal aberrations in mammary gland tumors of MMTV-cmyc transgenic mice (1999)

Mice carrying the MMTV-cmyc transgene develop mammary tumors at 9 to 12 months of age. Little is known about karyotypic changes in this model of human breast cancer. We have developed and applied molecular cytogenetic techniques to study chromosomal aberrations that occur in these tumors, namely, comparative genomic hybridization and spectral karyotyping. Cell lines from eight tumors were established and analyzed, four of which carried a heterozygous p53 mutation. All of the tumor cell lines revealed increases in ploidy and/or multiple numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. No consistent differences were observed between cmyc/p53+/+ and cmyc/p53+/- tumors, suggesting that cmyc induces karyotype instability independent of p53 status. Loss of whole chromosome (Chr) 4 was detected in five of the eight tumors. Parts of Chr 4 are syntenic to human 1p31-p36, a region that is also deleted in human breast carcinomas. Four tumors carried translocations involving the distal portion of Chr 11 (syntenic to human chromosome arm 17q), including two translocations T(X;11), with cytogenetically identical breakpoints. We compare the pattern of chromosomal aberrations with human breast cancers, find similarities in several syntenic regions, and discuss the potential of an interspecies cytogenetic map of chromosomal gains and losses.
Evaluation of Release Rates of Dursban From Polyvinyl Chloride Formulations2 (1970)

Laboratory investigations were conducted to determine release rates of Dursban® ( O,O -diethyl O -(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate) from selected polyvinylchloride (PVC) formulations into water over 8- and 9-week testing periods.

Dursban was impregnated into PVC pellets in concentrations ranging from 10 to 40%. Formulations were prepared by varying the basic polymer resin, plasticizer, and the amount of each. One series of tests used 14C-labeled Dursban. Release rates on nonradioactive formulations were determined using electron-capture gas chiomatography, while radioactive formulations were evaluated by liquid scintillation counting.

Results indicate that Dursban is slowly released from PVC formulations under static laboratory conditions. Varying the PVC resin or plasticizer had little effect on the release rate or residues of Dursban maintained in water.
A Comprehensive Modeling Approach for Crop Yield Forecasts using AI-based Methods and Crop Simulation Models (2023)

Numerous solutions for yield estimation are either based on data-driven models, or on crop-simulation models (CSMs). Researchers tend to build data-driven models using nationwide crop information databases provided by agencies such as the USDA. On the opposite side of the spectrum, CSMs require fine data that may be hard to generalize from a handful of fields. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive approach for yield forecasting that combines data-driven solutions, crop simulation models, and model surrogates to support multiple user-profiles and needs when dealing with crop management decision-making. To achieve this goal, we have developed a solution to calibrate CSMs at scale, a surrogate model of a CSM assuring faster execution, and a neural network-based approach that performs efficient risk assessment in such settings. Our data-driven modeling approach outperforms previous works with yield correlation predictions close to 91\%. The crop simulation modeling architecture achieved 6% error; the proposed crop simulation model surrogate performs predictions almost 100 times faster than the adopted crop simulator with similar accuracy levels.
Expert Panel Consensus on Clinical Assertion Statements Describing Noninvasive Tools for Diagnosing Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2022)

Evidence was presented to support or refute each Clinical Assertion Statement; the panel voted on the nature of the evidence, level of support, and level of agreement with each Statement. Panel level of agreement and rationale of each Clinical Assertion Statement are reported here.
Temperature sensitivity of analog in-memory computing using phase-change memory (2021)

Can analog in-memory accelerators provide sufficient accuracy for AI applications under ambient temperature variations? Here, we answer this question by focusing on phase-change memory (PCM)-based deep learning acceleration. We investigate for the first time the impact of temperature on multi-level PCM conductance states used to store the synaptic weights. First, we characterize the temperature and drift behavior of 10,000 doped Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Sb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Te <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> (GST)-based mushroom PCM. Next, we present a model which can capture this behavior and faithfully reproduce the complete time-temperature dependence of the conductance states. Finally, we experimentally study the sensitivity of various network architectures to ambient temperature variations. For this, we employ a multi-layer perceptron, a convolutional neural network and a recurrent neural network, with more than 1.1M PCM weights. We demonstrate that a simple array-level scaling could correct for the conductance shift due to temperature and drift and prevent any significant accuracy drop for all the studied networks during inference.
High‐resolution OLED display with remarkably low power consumption using blue/yellow tandem structure and RGBY subpixels (2015)

Abstract A top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with a microcavity structure combined with a blue/yellow tandem structure was developed. A high‐resolution active‐matrix OLED display with the world's lowest level of power consumption using the tandem OLED with red, green, blue, and yellow subpixels was fabricated.
Temperature-Dependent Magnetotransport aroundν=1/2in ZnO Heterostructures (2012)

The sequence of prominent fractional quantum Hall states up to ν=5/11 around ν=1/2 in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron system confined at oxide heterointerface (ZnO) is analyzed in terms of the composite fermion model. The temperature dependence of R(xx) oscillations around ν=1/2 yields an estimation of the composite fermion effective mass, which increases linearly with the magnetic field. This mass is of similar value to an enhanced electron effective mass, which in itself arises from strong electron interaction. The energy gaps of fractional states and the temperature dependence of R(xx) at ν=1/2 point to large residual interactions between composite fermions.
Polycomb-mediated genome architecture enables long-range spreading of H3K27 methylation (2022)

Polycomb-group proteins play critical roles in gene silencing through the deposition of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and chromatin compaction. This process is essential for embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency, differentiation, and development. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) can both read and write H3K27me3, enabling progressive spreading of H3K27me3 on the linear genome. Long-range Polycomb-associated DNA contacts have also been described, but their regulation and role in gene silencing remain unclear. Here, we apply H3K27me3 HiChIP, a protein-directed chromosome conformation method, and optical reconstruction of chromatin architecture to profile long-range Polycomb-associated DNA loops that span tens to hundreds of megabases across multiple topological associated domains in mouse ESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells. We find that H3K27me3 loop anchors are enriched for Polycomb nucleation points and coincide with key developmental genes. Genetic deletion of H3K27me3 loop anchors results in disruption of spatial contact between distant loci and altered H3K27me3 in cis, both locally and megabases away on the same chromosome. In mouse embryos, loop anchor deletion leads to ectopic activation of the partner gene, suggesting that Polycomb-associated loops control gene silencing during development. Further, we find that alterations in PRC2 occupancy resulting from an RNA binding–deficient EZH2 mutant are accompanied by loss of Polycomb-associated DNA looping. Together, these results suggest PRC2 uses RNA binding to enhance long-range chromosome folding and H3K27me3 spreading. Developmental gene loci have unique roles in Polycomb spreading, emerging as important architectural elements of the epigenome.