gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Morphology and Performance Relationships (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTBulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Morphology and Performance RelationshipsYe Huang†‡, Edward J. Kramer*‡§, Alan J. Heeger*∥, and Guillermo C. Bazan*†View Author Information† †Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Department of Materials, §Department of Chemical Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 14, 7006–7043Publication Date (Web):May 28, 2014Publication History Received4 July 2013Published online28 May 2014Published inissue 23 July 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr400353vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr400353vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23352Altmetric-Citations1108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Additives,Morphology,Organic polymers,Solvents,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Low-loss, broadly-tunable cavity filter operating at UHF frequencies (2015)

A four-pole tunable filter has been demonstrated at UHF frequencies which tunes 300 MHz to 700 MHz and exhibits mid-band losses between 0.5 dB and 0.9 dB. This filter incorporates piezo-electric tuning of capacitively-loaded cavities and frequency-tailored input/output coupling networks to maintain good impedance match across more than an octave tuning band. The unloaded quality factor of the filter cavities range from 340-550. The filter has an output intercept point greater than +54 dBm and can handle power levels of +26 dBm.
Celebrating the International Year of Crystallography (2014)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Characterization of T‐cell responses against immunodominant epitopes from hepatitis C virus E2 and NS4a proteins (2005)

Successful clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with strong cellular immune responses against viral antigens. However, although the magnitude of these responses is clearly important for viral eradication, more studies are needed to unravel the fine specificity of the protective anti-HCV immunity in infected patients. This was the aim of the present study. Overlapping peptides spanning the sequence of HCV E2 and NS4a proteins were used to stimulate T cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C divided into three groups: naïve patients, patients who exhibited sustained response to interferon (IFN)-alpha therapy and patients who failed to respond to the treatment. Interleukin-2 production by stimulated cells was measured in each case. Patients with sustained response to therapy had stronger responses to E2 peptides than nonresponders, whereas naïve patients demonstrated intermediate reactivity. In the case of NS4a, responses against peptides where similar in all groups of patients. Analysis of the peptides recognized by T cells showed that responses were broad and heterogeneous, and some immunodominant epitopes, preferentially recognized by patients exhibiting sustained response to treatment, were found. These results confirm the role of cellular immune responses in viral clearance, and stress the importance of immunodominant regions within HCV antigens. These viral sequences may represent valuable immunogens for preparation of therapeutic or prophylactic vaccines.
Ultrasound sensing using a fiber coupled silica microtoroid resonator encapsulated in a polymer (2013)

We have demonstrated the detection of a 12MHz ultrasound wave using a microtoroidal whispering gallery mode optical resonator, encapsulated in a low-refractive-index polymer with its coupling tapered-fiber. The sensitivity of our device is 35 mV/KPa.
Inpatient versus outpatient shoulder arthroplasty outcomes: A propensity score matched risk-adjusted analysis demonstrates the safety of outpatient shoulder arthroplasty (2022)

Retrospective Observational Study, Level IV.
Conformational flexibility and kinetic complexity in antibody–antigen interactions (2008)

The kinetics of dissociation of three structurally characterized anti-hen egg white lysozyme antibodies (H8, H10, and H26), with hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) and the avian variant Japanese quail lysozyme (JQL) were examined. These antibodies share over 90% sequence identity and recognize the same epitope, but differ in their degree of cross-reactivity and predicted combining site rigidity. Competitive dissociation induced by the addition of excess unlabeled HEL after varied periods of antibody-antigen association was followed in real time using fluorescence anisotropy. Dissociation was in many cases non-single-exponential, and the observed off-rates became slower as the complex age increased, suggesting multi-step association kinetics consistent with an encounter-docking view of protein-protein interactions. The fully docked fraction of the complexes just prior to inducing dissociation was high for the HEL complexes but was dramatically reduced for JQL complexes, that is final docking was antigen-sensitive. Variations among the systems can be understood in terms of the complexes' differing conformational flexibilities, based on the encounter-docking model of protein-protein associations.
III-V/Si PICs based on micro-transfer-printing (2019)

III-V opto-electronic devices (photodiodes, etched facet lasers) are micro-transfer-printed onto silicon waveguide circuits. An alignment-tolerant interface for evanescently-coupled devices is proposed enabling III-V/Si heterogeneously integrated PICs using micro-transfer-printing.
Halitosis and Associated Risk Factors in Children: A Cross-sectional Study (2021)

Caries experience in children is a significant risk factor for halitosis and should be considered during the management of halitosis.
Synthesis of Terpyridine-Containing Polymers with Blocky Architectures (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of Terpyridine-Containing Polymers with Blocky ArchitecturesKhaled A. Aamer and Gregory N. TewView Author Information Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 5, 1990–1993Publication Date (Web):February 7, 2004Publication History Received20 August 2003Revised22 December 2003Published online7 February 2004Published inissue 1 March 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0352375Copyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views995Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (93 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Monomers,Polymers,RAFT polymerization,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Detection of Steatohepatitis in a Rat Model by Using Spectroscopic Shear-Wave US Elastography (2016)

Purpose To compare low- versus high-frequency ultrasonographic (US) elastography for detection of steatohepatitis in rats by using histopathologic findings as the reference standard. Materials and Methods Between March and September 2014, after receiving approval from the institutional animal care committee, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a standard chow for 4 weeks or a methionine- and choline-deficient diet for 1, 4, 8, or 12 weeks to induce a continuum of steatohepatitis severity. Liver shear stiffness was assessed in vivo by using US elastography at low (40-130-Hz) and high (130-220-Hz) frequencies. Histologic features (steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis) and modified nonalcoholic steatohepatitis categories were used as reference standards. Definite steatohepatitis was divided into steatohepatitis with fibrosis stage 1 or lower and stage 2 and higher. Analyses included the Kendall τ correlation, multivariable linear regression analyses, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and post hoc Dunn test with Holm correction. Results Correlations between liver shear stiffness and histologic features were higher at high frequencies than at low frequencies (low frequency: 0.08, 0.24, and 0.20 for steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, respectively; high frequency: 0.11, 0.35, and 0.50, respectively). The absolute value of multivariable regression coefficients was higher at high frequencies for the presence of steatosis, inflammation grade, and fibrosis stage (low frequency: -0.475, 0.157, and 0.209, respectively; high frequency: -0.893, 0.357, and 0.447, respectively). The model fit was better at high frequencies (adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.57) than at low frequencies (adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.21). There was a significant difference between steatohepatitis categories at both low and high frequencies (P = .022 and P < .001, respectively). Conclusion Liver shear stiffness measured with US elastography provided better distinction of steatohepatitis categories at high frequencies than at low frequencies. Further, liver shear stiffness decreased with steatosis and increased with inflammation and fibrosis at both low and high frequencies. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Generation of RF Radiation by Laser Pulse Trains in Air (2022)

We analyze and simulate a mechanism for generating directed rf radiation when a laser pulse train forms a plasma filament in air. The frequency of the radiation is determined by the laser pulse separation.
Smart onboard image enhancement algorithms for SWIR day and night vision camera (2015)

SWIR imaging based on InGaAs based FPAs is well suited for passive or active day and night vision applications in different weather conditions, including surveillance, defense or fire-fighting. Xenics developed the Rufus camera, based on a 640 x 512 pixel resolution FPA. In order to achieve the best performance over a large span of lighting conditions, different smart algorithms are implemented onboard. The auto-exposure algorithm optimizes the integration time in order to position the image histogram at a given usercontrolled brightness level. Moreover the algorithm can also switch automatically between different gain and read-out modes. At the same time a TrueNUC&trade; algorithm is calculating the non-uniformity correction. This correction depends on the detector temperature and integration time, because of the variable dark current of the InGaAs diodes. After the image correction and auto-exposure, further image enhancement is done by additional auto-gain and histogram equalization algorithms. Depending on the application, the user can modify several parameters of the algorithms, e.g. the maximal allowed stretching, the output histogram position and equalization strength. In the paper we will report on the performance of the algorithms at different environmental conditions. The residual Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) of the TrueNUC&trade; model is analyzed. For the TrueNUC&trade; implementation a typical residual FPN of &lt;1% is obtained (at 25&deg;C) over the complete integration time range from 100us up to 40ms, both in high and low gain. Finally we will illustrate the capabilities of the algorithms in different applications.
Coexistence of tunable Weyl points and topological nodal lines in ternary transition-metal telluride TaIrTe4 (2018)

We report a combined theoretical and experimental study on $\mathrm{TaIrT}{\mathrm{e}}_{4}$, a potential candidate for a minimal model of type-II Weyl semimetals. Unexpectedly, an intriguing node structure with 12 Weyl points and a pair of nodal lines protected by mirror symmetry was found by first-principles calculations. Some signatures of the complex electronic structure, such as topologically nontrivial band crossings and topologically trivial Fermi arcs, are cross-validated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Through external strain, the number of Weyl points can be reduced to a theoretical minimum of four, and the appearance of the nodal lines can be switched between different mirror planes in momentum space. The coexistence of switchable Weyl points and nodal lines establishes transition-metal chalcogenides as a unique test ground for topological state characterization and engineering.
Measuring convergence in language model estimation using relative entropy (2004)

Language models are generally estimated using smoothed counting techniques. These counting schemes can be viewed as non linear functions operating on a Bernoulli process which converge asymptotically to the true density. The rate at which these counting schemes converge to the true density is constrained by the training data set available and the nature of the language model (LM) being estimated. In this paper we look at language model estimates as random variables and present an efficient relative entropy (R.E) based approach to study their convergence with increasing training data size. We present experimental results for language modeling in a generic LVCSR system and a medical domain dialogue task. We also present an efficient recursive R.E computation method which can be used as a LM distance measure for a number of tasks including LM clustering.
AAPM Task Group 298: Recommendations on certificate program/alternative pathway candidate education and training (2022)

Entry into the field of clinical medical physics is most commonly accomplished through the completion of a Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Educational Programs (CAMPEP)-accredited graduate and residency program. To allow a mechanism to bring valuable expertise from other disciplines into clinical practice in medical physics, an "alternative pathway" approach was also established. To ensure those trainees who have completed a doctoral degree in physics or a related discipline have the appropriate background and didactic training in medical physics, certificate programs and a CAMPEP-accreditation process for these programs were initiated. However, medical physics-specific didactic, research, and clinical exposure of those entering medical physics residencies from these certificate programs is often comparatively modest when evaluated against individuals holding Master's and/or Doctoral degrees in CAMPEP-accredited graduate programs. In 2016, the AAPM approved the formation of Task Group (TG) 298, "Alternative Pathway Candidate Education and Training." The TG was charged with reviewing previous published recommendations for alternative pathway candidates and developing recommendations on the appropriate education and training of these candidates. This manuscript is a summary of the AAPM TG 298 report.
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF WIRES (1998)

Wires are used in a digital system to communicate signals from one place to another and to distribute power and clock. In these capacities wires dominate a modern digital system in terms of speed, power, and cost. The time required to drive wires and for signals to propagate over wires is often the largest factor in determining cycle time. The bulk of the power in many systems is dissipated driving wires, on-chip and off. The amount of wiring, not the number of transistors or gates, usually determines the amount of area required by a function on a chip. The number of terminals required is a major factor in the area and cost of chips, packages, and circuit boards. Economically achievable wire density is a major influence on the architecture of a system. One can envision many organizations that simply cannot be wired economically.
Laboratory Evolution to Alternating Substrate Environments Yields Distinct Phenotypic and Genetic Adaptive Strategies (2017)

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments are often designed to maintain a static culturing environment to minimize confounding variables that could influence the adaptive process, but dynamic nutrient conditions occur frequently in natural and bioprocessing settings. To study the nature of carbon substrate fitness tradeoffs, we evolved batch cultures of <i>Escherichia coli</i> via serial propagation into tubes alternating between glucose and either xylose, glycerol, or acetate. Genome sequencing of evolved cultures revealed several genetic changes preferentially selected for under dynamic conditions and different adaptation strategies depending on the substrates being switched between; in some environments, a persistent "generalist" strain developed, while in another, two "specialist" subpopulations arose that alternated dominance. Diauxic lag phenotype varied across the generalists and specialists, in one case being completely abolished, while gene expression data distinguished the transcriptional strategies implemented by strains in pursuit of growth optimality. Genome-scale metabolic modeling techniques were then used to help explain the inherent substrate differences giving rise to the observed distinct adaptive strategies. This study gives insight into the population dynamics of adaptation in an alternating environment and into the underlying metabolic and genetic mechanisms. Furthermore, ALE-generated optimized strains have phenotypes with potential industrial bioprocessing applications.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Evolution and natural selection inexorably lead to an organism's improved fitness in a given environment, whether in a laboratory or natural setting. However, despite the frequent natural occurrence of complex and dynamic growth environments, laboratory evolution experiments typically maintain simple, static culturing environments so as to reduce selection pressure complexity. In this study, we investigated the adaptive strategies underlying evolution to fluctuating environments by evolving <i>Escherichia coli</i> to conditions of frequently switching growth substrate. Characterization of evolved strains via a number of different data types revealed the various genetic and phenotypic changes implemented in pursuit of growth optimality and how these differed across the different growth substrates and switching protocols. This work not only helps to establish general principles of adaptation to complex environments but also suggests strategies for experimental design to achieve desired evolutionary outcomes.
Optimal Generalized Decision Trees via Integer Programming (2016)

Decision trees have been a very popular class of predictive models for decades due to their interpretability and good performance on categorical features. However, they are not always robust and tend to overfit the data. Additionally, if allowed to grow large, they lose interpretability. In this paper, we present a mixed integer programming formulation to construct optimal decision trees of a prespecified size. We take the special structure of categorical features into account and allow combinatorial decisions (based on subsets of values of features) at each node. Our approach can also handle numerical features via thresholding. We show that very good accuracy can be achieved with small trees using moderately-sized training sets. The optimization problems we solve are tractable with modern solvers.
Simultaneous determination of metformin, vildagliptin, and 3-amino-1-adamantanol in human plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic studies (2016)

Metformin (MET) and vildagliptin (VLD) are coformulated in tablets for the management of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is the development of a new fast ultraperformance liquid chromatography method with tandem mass detection (UPLC–MS/MS) for their simultaneous determination with 3-amino-1-adamantanol (starting compound for vildagliptin synthesis; VLI) in human plasma. Separation of MET, VLD, and VLI was performed on a 5 cm UPLC-C18 column using a mobile phase of 0.5% acetic acid in methanol and 0.02 M aqueous ammonium acetate (10:90, v/v). The injection volume was 10 µL and electrospray positive ionization was applied. Extraction from human plasma was carried out by acid precipitation of plasma proteins using pregabalin as an internal standard. The assay was validated according to ICH guidelines. The developed method is valid, fast, and simple and was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic studies in human volunteers.
Flexible TWDM PON system with pluggable optical transceiver modules (2014)

A flexible TWDM PON system is proposed which allows pay-as-you-grow in capacity, supports load balancing among different ODNs, and achieves significant power saving at OLT. Integrated OLT transceiver in enhanced CFP module and low-cost tunable ONU transceiver in SFP+ module are developed, for the first time, for cost effective deployment of TWDM PONs. System experiments demonstrate error free performance with 36 dB power budget in a flexible TWDM PON test bed.
Effects of UBM thickness, contact trace structure and solder joint scaling on electromigration reliability of Pb-free solder joints (2008)

Electromigration (EM) tests were performed on Pb-free solder joints having different thicknesses of Ni UBM, to examine the effect of UBM thickness on EM reliability. The UBM thickness dependency of EM lifetime was explained in terms of the current crowding effect with the help of finite element analysis (FEA). Based on the experimental results as well as FEA, the maximum current density at the UBM/solder interface was found to be a critical factor controlling EM reliability. Further analyses were conducted by FEA to evaluate the dependency of current density distribution on a contact trace structure. The results showed that an appropriate selection of a contact trace structure was as important as the UBM thickness. The effects of solder joint scaling on current crowding were also investigated. It was found that the maximum current density did not increase as much as the average current density when solder joints were scaled down.