gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Enigmols as Therapeutic Agents for Treating Prostate Cancer (2011)

Enigmol is a synthetic, orally active 1-deoxysphingoid base analogue that has demonstrated promising activity against prostate cancer. In these studies, the pharmacologic roles of stereochemistry and N-methylation in the structure of enigmols were examined. A novel enantioselective synthesis of all four possible 2S-diastereoisomers of enigmol (2-aminooctadecane-3,5-diols) from l-alanine is reported, which features a Liebeskind-Srogl cross-coupling reaction between l-alanine thiol ester and (E)-pentadec-1-enylboronic acid as the key step. In vitro biological evaluation of the four enigmol diastereoisomers and 2S,3S,5S-N-methylenigmol against two prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) indicates that all but one diastereomer demonstrate potent oncolytic activity. In nude mouse xenograft models of human prostate cancer, enigmol was equally effective as standard prostate cancer therapies (androgen deprivation or docetaxel), and two of the enigmol diastereomers, 2S,3S,5R-enigmol and 2S,3R,5S-enigmol, also caused statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth. A pharmacokinetic profile of enigmol and N-methylenigmol is also presented.
Facile method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using 3-hydrazino-isatin derivatives in aqueous methanol and their antibacterial activity (2014)

In summary, it is shown that IsH and BIsH are remarkably powerful reductants for Ag+ ions in an aqueous methanol medium. BIsH gave more AgNPs than IsH, as observed from XRD due to better solubility of the BIsH than IsH in aqueous-methanol. The formation of AgNPs is attributed to the adsorption of hydrazine derivatives and/or interparticle interaction on the surface of AgNPs through electrostatic interactions between the lone pair electrons of the hydrazino group (C=N-NH2) and the positive surface of AgNPs. The AgNps as well as BIsH ligand showed high antimicrobial and bactericidal activity.
Session details: Course 17: Spatial augmented reality: merging real and virtual worlds (2007)

No abstract available.
A Robust Process to Produce Lignocellulosic Nanofibers from Corn Stover, Reed Canary Grass, and Industrial Hemp (2023)

The use of agricultural waste biomass for nanocellulose production has gained interest due to its environmental and economic benefits compared to conventional bleached pulp feedstock. However, there is still a need to establish robust process technologies that can accommodate the variability of waste feedstocks and to understand the effects of feedstock characteristics on the final nanofiber properties. Here, lignocellulosic nanofibers with unique properties are produced from various waste biomass based on a simple and low-cost process using mild operating conditions. The process robustness is demonstrated by diversifying the feedstock, ranging from food crop waste (corn stover) to invasive grass species (reed canary grass) and industrial lignocellulosic residues (industrial hemp). This comprehensive study provides a thorough examination of the influence of the feedstocks' physico-chemical characteristics on the conversion treatment, including process yield, degree of delignification, effectiveness of nanofibrillation, fiber morphology, surface charge, and density. Results show that nanofibers have been successfully produced from all feedstocks, with minor to no adjustments to process conditions. This work provides a framework for future studies to engineer nanocellulose with specific properties by taking advantage of biomass feedstocks' intrinsic characteristics to enable versatile applications.
Calculation of load-dependent equivalent circuit parameters of squirrel cage induction motors using time-harmonic FEM (2008)

Two methods to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of squirrel cage induction motors (IM) are presented and compared. The first one is based on the time-harmonic finite element method (FEM) simulation of the measurement process (short-circuit and no-load test), yielding an equivalent circuit with constant parameters. In addition, the time-harmonic FEM is applied in the second method to calculate the load-dependent equivalent circuit parameters of squirrel cage IMs. Here, the material properties in a two-dimensional finite element model of the induction machine are linearized in each operating point and the superposition principle for the magnetic flux is applied to define the leakage inductances. Hence, the parameters are calculated for every operating point separately, thus the variations of the parameters due to skin effect in the rotor bars and due to material saturation under arbitrary load condition and rotor speed can be taken into account.
BindingDB Entry 50008871: Discovery of a C-8 hydroxychromene as a potent degrader of estrogen receptor alpha with improved rat oral exposure over GDC-0927. (2021)

Phenolic groups are responsible for the high clearance and low oral bioavailability of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) clinical candidate GDC-0927. An exhaustive search for a backup molecule with improved pharmacokinetic (PK) properties identified several metabolically stable analogs, although in general at the expense of the desired potency and degradation efficiency. C-8 hydroxychromene 30 is the first example of a phenol-containing chromene that not only maintained excellent potency but also exhibited 10-fold higher oral exposure in rats. The improved in vivo clearance in rat was hypothesized to be the result of C-8 hydroxy group being sterically protected from glucuronide conjugation. The excellent potency underscores the possibility of replacing the presumed indispensable phenolic group at C-6 or C-7 of the chromene core. Co-crystal structures were obtained to highlight the change in key interactions and rationalize the retained potency.
Multiplexing of FBG sensors using modelocked wavelength-swept fibre laser (2003)

An erbium-doped fibre laser with a 900 m-long cavity has been tuned by a combination of a rotating mirror and a bulk optical grating. A stable modelocked pulse train is obtained over the 1522–1564 nm wavelength region. To monitor an FBG sensor array, wavelength-division multiplexing and time-division multiplexing are combined.
Time–Frequency Processing: Methods and Tools (2017)

This chapter presents an overview of the theory and practice of the tools typically needed in time-frequency processing of audio channels. It introduces a few signal processing techniques commonly used, and serves as background information for the reader. The chapter assumes understanding of basic digital signal processing techniques from the reader, which can be obtained from such basic resources as Oppenheim and Schafer or Mitra and Kaiser. It discusses the methods that utilize some kind of stochastic analysis of time-frequency domain differences between microphone signals. In the reproduction of spatial audio, the computed time-frequency-dependent parameters are typically used to control the mixing process, where in some cases decorrelation of signals is used to control the coherence between output channels. The chapter describes an optimal method to control the level of decorrelated signal energy that is utilized in some of the spatial audio methods.
Optimization-Based Inverse Finite Element Analysis for Material Parameter Identification of a Biphasic Viscoelastic Hydrogel (2008)

Hydrogels are a cross-linked network of polymer swollen with a liquid, and are promising replacements for diseased or damaged load bearing tissues such as articular cartilage [1]. Recently, a linear biphasic model, developed originally for cartilage [2], has been applied to characterize the mechanical behavior of hydrogels [3, 4]. However, the linear elastic assumption for the solid phase ignores the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the polymer network [3, 4]. Some attempts have been made in the literature to simulate hydrogels with a biphasic viscoelastic model using a self-developed finite element code [5]. This study is aimed at simulating hydrogels with a biphasic viscoelastic model and investigating an inverse finite element (FE) technique to identify material parameters of hydrogels via combined creep testing and FE modeling. Creep testing of hydrogels is simulated in the commercial software ABAQUS, which makes this approach easy to adapt to other test geometries. Material parameters are identified by fitting the FE results to the experimental results using an optimization method.
N2laser flash photolysis using dye fluorescence as a monitoring source (1987)

A new design of the optical system for time-resolved spectroscopy is presented, in which a high-power coherent N2 laser is used as an exciting source and the dye fluorescence excited with a part of the laser light is employed as a monitoring source for measurement of the transient absorption spectrum. In order to extend the pulse duration of the fluorescent emission, the N2 laser light for exciting the dye is split into two beams of different pathlength, which are then focused onto the same position of the dye cell. By the combined use of the optical system and a sampling oscilloscope, it is demonstrated that the transient absorption spectra (time range within 50 ns) can be obtained easily with reasonable accuracy.
TRANSITION FROM T CELL PROTECTION TO T CELL ENHANCEMENT DURING TUMOR GROWTH IN AN ALLOGENEIC HOST (1976)

The cell-mediated immune response of mice toward a lethal allogeneic tumor was investigated during tumor development. The activity of spleen cells from the tumor-bearing mice was studied by transferring them together with 3LL tumor cells into normal C3H/eb recipient mice. The activity depended upon the time interval between inoculation of the tumor and transfer. Spleen cells taken relatively early, 1 week after tumor inoculation, mediated protection against tumor growth. In contrast, spleen cells taken 4 weeks after tumor inoculation markedly enhanced tumor growth. The tumor-enhancing cells, like the tumor-protecting cells, appeared to be T lymphocytes. The enhancing activity could be transferred by extra cellular medium prepared by incubating the enhancing T cells. Protecting activity could not be transferred by cell-free medium prepared from the protecting T cells. Both activities were found to exist to a relatively slight degree in populations of spleen cells from normal mice. The transition from T cell protection to T cell enhancement might be a determining factor in the outcome of the host-tumor relationship.
Optimization of Hall thruster magnetic field topography (2002)

Summary form only given. The improvement of the performance and component lifetime of a closed drift Hall thruster, as well as a decrease of plume divergence and plasma-spacecraft interaction is a goal of many research efforts at the University of Michigan. A three-dimensional magnetostatic code, Magnet 6 by Infolytica, was utilized in an effort to ascertain possible improvements to the Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory 5 kW class P5 Hall thruster. The magnetic field topography was measured for the P5 thruster at a 1.6 kW operating condition where the coil currents were 2 A for the outer coils and 3 A for the inner coil. The measurements were then compared to the field topography predicted from the 3D code to verify the accuracy of the simulation. Next, several variations of the magnetic field circuit for the P5, which included coil size, pole piece shape and position, and operating currents were investigated using the 3D magnetic field code. The simulations focused on strengthening the radial magnetic field while decreasing the axial field and lessening the magnetic fringe effects at the exit plane to decrease divergence of the plasma plume. Modifications to the P5 thruster were made to experimentally verify the results of the numerical simulations. The magnetic field topography, plume divergence, and the performance characteristics of the thruster were determined and compared to existing data taken before the magnetic field was optimized.
Super‐Reversible CuF2 Cathodes Enabled by Cu2+‐Coordinated Alginate (2022)

Copper fluoride (CuF<sub>2</sub> ) has the highest energy density among all metal fluoride cathodes owing to its high theoretical potential (3.55 V) and high capacity (528 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> ). However, CuF<sub>2</sub> can only survive for less than five cycles, mainly due to serious Cu-ion dissolution during charge/discharge cycles. Herein, copper dissolution is successfully suppressed by forming Cu<sup>2+</sup> -coordinated sodium alginate (Cu-SA) on the surface of CuF<sub>2</sub> particles during the electrode fabrication process, by using water as a slurry solvent and sodium alginate (SA) as a binder. The trace dissolved Cu<sup>2+</sup> in water from CuF<sub>2</sub> can in situ cross-link with SA binder forming a conformal Cu-SA layer on CuF<sub>2</sub> surface. After water evaporation during the electrode dry process, the Cu-SA layer is Li-ion conductor but Cu<sup>2+</sup> insulator, which can effectively suppress the dissolution of Cu-ions in the organic 4 m LiClO<sub>4</sub> /ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate electrolyte, enhancing the reversibility of CuF<sub>2</sub> . CuF<sub>2</sub> electrode with SA binder delivers a reversible capacity of 420.4 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 50 cycles at 0.05 C, reaching an energy density of 1009.1 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> . Cu<sup>2+</sup> cross-link polymer coating on CuF<sub>2</sub> opens the door for stabilizing the high-energy and low-cost CuF<sub>2</sub> cathode for next-generation Li-ion batteries.
Changing Gender Prevalence of Stone Disease (2007)

In this nationally representative sample the population adjusted rate of discharges for stone disease in females dramatically increased from 1997 to 2002. This alteration represents a change in the prevalence by gender of treated stone disease from a 1.7:1 to 1.3:1 male-to-female ratio. It may reflect variations in the underlying prevalence by gender of stone disease. We speculate that the increasing incidence of nephrolithiasis might be due to lifestyle associated risk factors, such as obesity.
GPU-EvR: Run-time event based real-time scheduling framework on GPGPU platform (2014)

GPU architecture has traditionally been used in graphics application because of its enormous computing capability. Moreover, GPU architecture has also been used for general purpose computing in these days. Most of the current scheduling frameworks that are developed to handle GPGPU workload operate sequentially. This is problematic since this sequential approach may not be scalable for real-time systems, which is a consequence of the approach's inability to support preemption. We propose a novel scheduling framework that provides real-time support for the GPGPU platform. In contrast to existing frameworks, our proposed framework considers both concurrent execution of applications on the GPU and mapping between streaming multiprocessors and thread blocks. By considering both concurrent execution and mapping, our framework is able to guarantee timing up to 6.4 times as many applications compared to TimeGraph [9] and Global EDF [5]. In addition, our experimental applications use up to 20% less power under our scheduling framework compared to [5], [9].
The Impact of Transfusion-Dependency on the Outcome of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Receiving Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation after Myeloablative Conditioning. (2007)

Abstract Introduction: The majority of MDS patients become red blood cell transfusion-dependent during their clinical course. In fact, the presence or absence as well the extent of red blood cell transfusion-dependency (RBC-TD) has been recently shown to add significant prognostic information for an individual MDS patient treated with supportive care (BSC) only. Given the fact that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only curative option for MDS patients, the aim of this study was to elucidate the role of RBC-TD on patient outcome. Methods: We report results of a retrospective multicenter German-Austrian study investigating 100 patients with MDS (RA(RS) n=33, RAEB n=33, RAEB-t n=19, CMMOL n=11, MDS/AML n=4) with either IPPS LOW (n=2), INT-1 (n=31), INT-2 (n=37) or HIGH (n=30) undergoing allogeneic myeloablative conditioning followed by peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) from related (n=39) or unrelated donors (n=61). The median age of the patients was 50 years (range 18–68). Results: With a median follow-up of 32 months the 2-year overall survival (OS) was 48% for all patients and 64%, 50% and 34% for patients according to IPSS INT-1, INT-2 or HIGH, respectively (p=0.03 for INT-1 vs. HIGH). The 2-year OS of all patients was not different when comparing 68 patients displaying vs. 24 not displaying RBC-TD prior to PBSCT (46% vs. 55%, p=0.67). This holds also true when analyzing INT-1/INT-2 (n=62) as well as HIGH (n=27) patients separately. In a multivariate analysis only FAB classification (p=0.03) but not prior induction chemotherapy (n=18), presence of fibrosis (n=18), IPSS LOW/INT-1 vs. INT-2/HIGH, RBC-TD as well as ferritin level lower or above the median 973 μg/l (range 19–7000) had an impact on OS. Conclusion: These data suggest that the negative prognostic impact of RBC-TD in MDS patients receiving BSC can be overcome by myeloablative allogeneic PBSCT.
Transparent Parallelization of Binary Code (2011)

This paper describes a system that applies automatic parallelization techniques to binary code. The system works by raising x86-64 raw executable code to an intermediate representation that exhibits all memory accesses and relevant register definitions, but outlines detailed computations that are not relevant for parallelization. It then uses an off-the-shelf polyhedral parallelizer, first applying appropriate enabling transformations if necessary. The last phase lowers the internal representation into a new executable fragment, re-injecting low-level instructions into the transformed code. The system is shown to leverage the power of polyhedral parallelization techniques in the absence of source code, with performance approaching those of source-to-source tools.
Optical response time of In0.53Ga0.47As/InP avalanche photodiodes (1982)

Heterojunction In0.53Ga0.47As/InP avalanche photodiodes have recently been observed to have a response to long-wavelength optical pulses which contains both fast and slow components. We present evidence that the slow response is limited by charge pile-up at the semiconductor heterointerface. We find that the speed of response depends on the degree of compositional grading in the heterointerface region. The response time can be significantly reduced for compositional grading lengths of greater than 600 Å depending on the doping and depletion region width in the In0.53Ga0.47As layer.
Polarization vision: a new sensory approach to image understanding (1997)

Overviewed are recent results of a new general approach to image understanding and computer vision utilizing the sensing of polarization of light. Whereas human vision is oblivious to components of light polarization, polarization parameters of light are shown to provide an important visual extension to intensity and color significantly expanding the application potential for image understanding. A physical state of polarization can be visualized directly in human terms as a particular hue and saturation, and this paper utilizes such a scheme presenting images of ordinary scenes as never seen before by humans in the domain of polarization vision. Metaphorically, humans are ‘color blind’ with respect to the perception of polarization, and even though this does not appear to inhibit human visual performance, we show how polarization vision is a sensory augmentation that can significantly enhance both automated image understanding and even possibly improve human visual performance itself under certain conditions. Sensors, calledpolarization cameras, have been developed that automatically sense components of partial linear polarization and computationally process these components to produce polarization images. Prototypes of different polarization camera sensors have been presented in earlier literature. A recent advancement in the design of polarization cameras has made it possible to interface low-cost modular components with almost any existing imaging device converting it into an automatic polarization camera. This compatibility with small portable imaging devices is making polarization imaging for the first time accessible to a number of application areas outside the laboratory, both outdoors and underwater, revealing polarization vision as a vast new visually augmented domain with unique capabilities. This paper presents various results from three on-going field applications: natural object recognition, inspection of ship hulls for damage, and marine biology.
Investigation of Mixture Preparation Effects on Gasoline HCCI Combustion Aided by Measurements of Wall Heat Flux (2007)

The gasoline HCCI engine holds a promise of achieving very high part-load efficiency combined with extremely low NOx and soot emissions. However, the load range of HCCI operation is limited by the misfire limit at the low end, and knock limit at the high end. Therefore, the future practical implementation will likely be a dual-mode engine, operating in the HCCI mode at part load and switching to SI at higher loads. Expanding the limits will be critical for maximizing the fuel economy benefits in the vehicle. The mixture stratification, both thermal and compositional, can have very tangible impact on HCCI combustion; and gaining a deeper insight into these effects is critical for expanding the HCCI range of operation. This paper presents results of the comprehensive experimental investigation of the mixture preparation effects on a single-cylinder gasoline engine with exhaust re-induction. The effects include type of mixture preparation (external mixing vs. direct injection), charge motion, and injection timing. A combination of pressure-based combustion diagnostics, emissions analysis, and heat flux measurements on the combustion chamber wall quantifies the effects on combustion and provides insight into reasons for observed engine behavior. As an example, the instantaneous temperature and heat flux measurements show the fuel impingement locations and allow assessing the fuel film dynamics and their effect on mixture stratification. The effects of direct injection and partial closing of the swirl control valve were relatively small compared to extending the injection timing late into the intake process or completely closing the swirl control valve and allowing charge storage in the port.