gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping approaches to evaluate nitrogen-use efficiency related traits of diverse wheat varieties under field conditions* (2016)

Nitrogen (N) is a key mineral element required for crop growth, yield and quality. Nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) in crop plants is low despite significant research efforts. Excessive use of N fertiliser results in significant economic cost and contributes to environmental pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to develop crop varieties with improved NUE, and this requires efficient phenotyping approaches to screen genotypes under defined N conditions. To address this, 15 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, grown under three N levels, were phenotyped for NUE-related traits under field conditions. Significant genotypic differences were observed in varieties having low to high responsiveness to N applications. The results suggest that basal low N can be used to screen wheat varieties that are less responsive to N, whereas N supply from 80 to 160 kg N ha–1 could be used to screen high N-responsive varieties. Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured by using Crop Circle, and SPAD units measured by SPAD meter at heading stage, were well correlated with shoot dry biomass, grain yield, and shoot and grain N concentration, and could potentially be used as tools to phenotype different wheat varieties under varying N treatments. The data also demonstrated that NDVI and SPAD could be used to differentiate wheat varieties phenotypically for NUE-related traits. The prospect of utilising efficient, non-destructive phenotyping to study NUE in crops is also discussed.
Optimum Adaptive Modulation and Channel Coding Scheme for Frequency Domain Channel-Dependent Scheduling in OFDM Based Evolved UTRA Downlink (2007)

In the evolved UTRA (UMTS terrestrial radio access) downlink, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based radio access was adopted because of its inherent immunity to multipath interference and flexible accommodation of different spectrum arrangements. This paper presents the optimum adaptive modulation and channel coding (AMC) scheme for simultaneously assigned resource blocks (RBs) for the same user when frequency and time domain channel-dependent scheduling is used in the downlink OFDMA radio access with single-antenna transmission. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that, irrespective of the application of power adaptation to RB-dependent modulation, the improvement in the achievable throughput of the RB-dependent modulation scheme compared to that for the RB-common modulation scheme is slight, i.e., 4 to 5%. In addition, the number of required control signaling bits in the RB-dependent modulation scheme becomes greater than that for the RB-common modulation scheme. Therefore, the authors conclude that the RB-common modulation and channel coding rate scheme is preferred, when multiple RBs of the same coded stream are assigned to one user in the case of single-antenna transmission.
Materials for advanced turbine engines (MATE). Project 4: erosion resistant compressor airfoil coating (1987)

The ability of coatings to provide at least a 2X improvement in particulate erosion resistance for steel, nickel and titanium compressor airfoils was identified and demonstrated. Coating materials evaluated included plasma sprayed cobalt tungsten carbide, nickel carbide and diffusion applied chromium plus boron. Several processing parameters for plasma spray processing and diffusion coating were evaluated to identify coating systems having the most potential for providing airfoil erosion resistance. Based on laboratory results and analytical evaluations, selected coating systems were applied to gas turbine blades and evaluated for surface finish, burner rig erosion resistance and effect on high cycle fatigue strength. Based on these tests, the following coatings were recommended for engine testing: Gator-Gard plasma spray 88WC-12Co on titanium alloy airfoils, plasma spray 83WC-17Co on steel and nickel alloy airfoils, and Cr+B on nickel alloy airfoils.
Transient Thermofluids Analysis of a Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES) System (2015)

In this work, a novel Ground-Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES) system which can store energy via input of electricity or heat and deliver dispatchable electricity is presented [1]. The proposed system is low-cost and hybridizes compressed air and pumped-storage approaches that will allow for the off-peak storage of intermittent renewable energy for use during peak times. A detailed control-volume energy analysis of the system is carried out, yielding a set of coupled differential equations which are discretized using a finite difference scheme and used to model the transient response during charging and discharging. The energy analysis includes coupled heat transfer and pressure drop analysis used to predict system losses for more accurate round trip efficiency (RTE) calculations and specific energy density (ED) predictions. Preliminary analysis of the current prototype indicates an electric-to-electric RTEE of 66% (corresponding to shaft-to-shaft mechanical RTEM of 78%) and ED of 2.5 MJ/m3 of air, given initial air volume and pressure of 2 m3 and 70 bar. The electric power output ranges from a max of 2.5 kW to a min of 1.2 kW and the output current ranges from a max of approximately 21 amps to approximately 10 amps at 120 V, 60 Hz dispatchable electricity, over a period of approximately 50 minutes. Additionally, it is shown that heat transfer enhancement to the point of a 5-fold increase in air heat transfer rates results in a near 5% improvement in RTEE (70% considering all component losses). Additional component efficiency improvements and efficiency gains due to system scale-up could see higher achievable RTEs.
State estimation based on improved cubature Kalman filter algorithm (2019)

During the recursive calculate process of the cubature Kalman filter (CKF), the covariance matrix tends to lose positive definiteness and noise statistical characteristics are inaccurate, which results in inaccurate filtering or even filter divergence. This study presents an improved algorithm based on the CKF. The algorithm combines the square root filter algorithm and the Sage–Husa maximum a posterior noise estimator, which can ensure the non‐negative determination and symmetry of the covariance matrix and has the ability to deal with unknown and time‐varying noise statistical characteristics in the filtering process adaptively. In the multi‐dimension system, the noise covariance matrix may dissatisfy non‐negative definiteness and result in filter divergence, and then the noise covariance matrix estimator is improved. The analysis is verified by state estimation example of the non‐linear system, compared with the standard CKF, the accuracy of the adaptive square root CKF (ASRCKF) state estimation is increased by 63.13, 63.88, and 42.71%, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the ASRCKF is verified by the state estimation of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor.
Adaptive and Active Materials: Selected Papers from the ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS 08) (Maryland, USA, 28–30 October 2008) (2009)

The rapid development of the field of Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures, and Materials Systems led the Aerospace Division ASMS TC to launch the new annual SMASIS conference in 2008. The conference focuses on the multi-disciplinary challenges of developing new multifunctional materials and implementing them in advanced systems. The research spans length scales from nano-structured materials to civil, air, and space structures. The first conference consisted of six symposia, each focusing on a different research area. This special issue of Smart Materials and Structures summarizes some of the top research presented at the 2008 SMASIS conference in the materials-focused symposia. These symposia focused on the behavior and mechanics of active materials, on multifunctional materials, and on bio-inspired materials. The behavior and mechanics of active materials is an approach that combines observed material behavior with mechanism-based models that not only give insight into the observed behavior, but guide the development of new materials. This approach has been applied to shape memory metals and polymers, ferroelectrics, ferromagnetics, and recently to multiferroic materials, and has led to considerable improvements in our understanding of multi-field phenomena. Multifunctional materials are the next generation of active materials. These materials include structural, sensing, and actuation components integrated into a material system. A natural extension of multifunctional materials is a new class of bio-inspired materials. Bio-inspired materials range from detailed bio-mimicry of sensing and self healing materials to nano and microstructures that take advantage of features observed in biological systems. The Editors would like to express their sincere thanks to all of the authors for their contributions to this special issue on 'Adaptive and Active Materials' for Smart Materials and Structures. We convey our gratitude to all of the reviewers for their time and dedication. We thank IOP Publishing for their support and encouragement of this special issue and the staff for their special attention and timely response.
Facile Synthesis of α-Hydroxy-ω-Carboxymethylpolyethylene Oxide (1990)

Preparation par carboxymethylation de PEO commercial par une modification de la methode de Royer-Anantharmaiah puis separation des produits mono- et difonctionnalises par chromatographie d'echange ionique
Osme bond: anisotropic distribution of electron density in action (2021)

The distribution of the electron density on the surface of molecules is typically anisotropic.This leads to regions featuring positive potential that can behave as electrophilic sites in attractive interactions involving regions in surrounding molecules having a negative electrostatic potential.Based on this mindset, a systematic rationalization of intermolecular interactions began in the 1990s, when on the surface of halogen atoms a region of positive electrostatic potential, the so called -hole,[1] was identified and explored as a new tool in supramolecular chemistry.Analogous -holes were then found on other elements of p-block of the periodic table (elements of groups 14,[2] 15,[3] and 16 [4]), and at the same time the awareness grew that also chemical interactions can be rationalized as periodic properties.The attractive interactions occurring between these positive regions and nucleophilic sites are now topics of intense research.Although in adducts involving d-block elements the identification of electrophilic and nucleophilic moieties is generally nontrivial, some -holes have been identified on metals in some of these adducts.This is the case, for instance, of positive -holes on the group 11 metals in respective halides [5].Here, we report how the crystal structures of adducts between nitrogen or oxygen nucleophiles (pyridine or pyridine N-oxide derivatives) and osmium tetroxide show short noncovalent Os•••N/O contacts.Theoretical evidence suggest that these contacts are σhole interactions, and that similar adducts of other group 8 elements behaves in a similar way.[6] We propose the term "osme bond" (OmB, Om=Fe, Ru, Os, (Hs)) for naming the noncovalent interactions wherein group 8 elements behave as electrophile.Figure 1.Osme bonded adducts of OsO4 with 4,4'-bipyridine (top) and [4,4'-bipyridine] 1,1'-dioxide (bottom).OmBs are depicted as black dotted lines; Nc and interaction angles are given.White, hydrogen; grey, carbon; blue, nitrogen; red, oxygen; navy, osmium.
Behaviour and effect of conducting spiral particles under AC voltage in a gas insulated electrode system (1988)

The behavior and effect of various spiral particles made of conducting wires in an SF/sub 6/ insulated electrode system, exposed to AC voltages, are presented. The conducting spiral particle is an idealized form of the helical particles found in practice in the gas-insulated system. The results obtained for particles made of copper and aluminum wires show that the lift-off voltage of the particle is independent of the particle length, whereas the crossing and breakdown voltages are affected by the particle length. The longer the particle, the lower the crossing and the breakdown voltages. The lift-off, crossing, and breakdown voltages decrease when the particle diameter or pitch increases or when the diameter or the density of the wire from which the particle is made decreases, within the pressure ranges examined (1 to 5 bar). The lift-off and crossing voltages for particles with the same overall dimensions but with different pitches are not influenced appreciably by the gas pressure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prevention of thermal- and moisture-induced degradation of the photoluminescence properties of the Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+red phosphor by thermal post-treatment in N2–H2 (2016)

A red phosphor of Sr2Si5N8:Eu(2+) powder was synthesized by a solid state reaction. The synthesized phosphor was thermally post-treated in an inert and reductive N2-H2 mixed-gas atmosphere at 300-1200 °C. The main phase of the resultant phosphor was identified as Sr2Si5N8. A passivation layer of ∼0.2 μm thickness was formed around the phosphor surface via thermal treatment. Moreover, two different luminescence centers of Eu(SrI) and Eu(SrII) in the synthesized Sr2Si5N8:Eu(2+) phosphor were proposed to be responsible for 620 nm and 670 nm emissions, respectively. More interestingly, thermal- and moisture-induced degradation of PL intensity was effectively reduced by the formation of a passivation layer around the phosphor surface, that is, the relative PL intensity recovered 99.8% of the initial intensity even after encountering thermal degradation; both moisture-induced degraded external and internal QEs were merely 1% of the initial QEs. The formed surface layer was concluded to primarily prevent the Eu(2+) activator from being oxidized, based on the systemic analysis of the mechanisms of thermal- and moisture-induced degradation.
Antigenic sites in influenza H1 hemagglutinin display species-specific immunodominance (2018)

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers are a major correlate of protection for influenza-related illness. The influenza virus hemagglutinin possesses antigenic sites that are the targets of HI active antibodies. Here, a panel of mutant viruses each lacking a classically defined antigenic site was created to compare the species-specific immunodominance of the antigenic sites in a clinically relevant hemagglutinin. HI active antibodies of antisera from influenza virus-infected mice targeted sites Sb and Ca2. HI active antibodies of guinea pigs were not directed against any specific antigenic site, although trends were observed toward Sb, Ca2, and Sa. HI titers of antisera from infected ferrets were significantly affected by site Sa. HI active antibodies of adult humans followed yet another immunodominance pattern, in which sites Sb and Sa were immunodominant. When comparing the HI profiles among different species by antigenic cartography, animals and humans grouped separately. This study provides characterizations of the antibody-mediated immune responses against the head domain of a recent H1 hemagglutinin in animals and humans.
Studies on the chemical constituents ofPhyllanthus emblica (2007)

Phytochemical investigations on Phyllanthus emblica have resulted in the isolation of the two new flavonoids, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-(6''-methyl)-rhamnopyranoside (1) and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-(6''-ethyl)-rhamnopyranoside (2). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic studies including 2D-NMR experiments.
Characterization of a streptomycin-sulfonamide resistance plasmid from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (1989)

An Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain contained a plasmid (pHD8.1) conferring resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamide. Restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA-DNA hybridization showed that pHD8.1 is related to RSF1010 from Salmonella panama, which also confers resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamide, and to pHD148 from Haemophilus ducreyi, which confers resistance only to sulfonamide.
Rapid diagnosis and differentiation of microbial pathogens in otitis media with a combined Raman spectroscopy and low-coherence interferometry probe: toward in vivo implementation (2016)

We investigate and demonstrate the feasibility of using a combined Raman scattering (RS) spectroscopy and low-coherence interferometry (LCI) probe to differentiate microbial pathogens and improve our diagnostic ability of ear infections [otitis media (OM)]. While the RS probe provides noninvasive molecular information to identify and differentiate infectious microorganisms, the LCI probe helps to identify depth-resolved structural information as well as to guide and monitor positioning of the Raman spectroscopy beam for relatively longer signal acquisition times. A series of phantom studies, including the use of human middle ear effusion samples, were performed to mimic the conditions of in vivo investigations. These were also conducted to validate the feasibility of using this combined RS/LCI probe for point-of-care diagnosis of the infectious pathogen(s) in OM patients. This work establishes important parameters for future in vivo investigations of fast and accurate determination and diagnosis of infectious microorganisms in OM patients, potentially improving the efficacy and outcome of OM treatments, and importantly reducing the misuse of antibiotics in the presence of viral infections.
Architecture Studies on Interfacing Parallel Optical Storage Systems with Processors. (1996)

Abstract : Very large relational database machines require increased memory bandwidth and parallel processing to complete queries in a reasonable amount of time. Currently the machines achieve their capacity and throughput by employing an array of serial access disks and processors. As these machines grow, however, so will their need for high capacity/bandwidth storage systems. 3D parallel access storage devices have the potential of being able to achieve enormous capacity (1 Tbit/cm3)3 as well as throughput (1 Tbit/sec) and seem well suited for this application. The bit-oriented 3D two-photon memory has a further feature of being able to be accessed in a number of directions. This report examines the potential performance of a biorthogonally accessed 3D two-photon memory for relational database operations with a data organization scheme particular to this approach. The favorable results of this study lead to another study in which the feasibility of building an optoelectronic database data filter to interface with the memory was considered.
Localization of the synovial sarcoma t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) breakpoint by fluorescence in situ hybridization (1992)

A high proportion of synovial sarcomas contain a chromosome translocation t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2). We have previously used somatic cell hybrids derived from an established cell line, SS255, to map the X chromosome breakpoint to the interval flanked by the markers DXS14 and DXS146. In this study we have examined these hybrids with thirteen additional markers located at Xp11.3-Xcen, by Southern hybridization. Based on these results we have delimited the breakpoint as follows Xpter-DXS228-(UBE1-OATL1-TIMP-DXS226 )-(DXS255-TFE3-ELK1-DXS146)-OATL2- X;18-(DXS14-DXS422-DXS423-DXS674-DXS679)-+ ++Xcen. Confirmation of the breakpoint location has been obtained by analysis of two synovial sarcoma cell lines, SS255 and HA2243, using fluorescence in situ hybridization. A 350kb YAC probe spanning the DXS423 locus hybridized only to the derivative X chromosome, showing that it maps proximal to the breakpoint. Two YAC probes of 300kb and 450kb, containing the OATL2 locus, hybridized to both derivative chromosomes, indicating that these YACs span the translocation breakpoint. Similar results were obtained with both cell lines. The identification of YACs that span the t(X;18) breakpoint now facilitates a strategy for cloning candidate genes from this precisely defined region.
Estimating the Cost of Developing Customizations to Packaged Application Software Using Service Oriented Architecture (2010)

Service-oriented way of building customizations to packaged applications is an emerging alternative to the traditional way of modifying the package application directly to implement customizations. Estimating the effort at an early stage (before detailed design) in the services engagement is important to reduce the perceived risk of the new approach and to demonstrate the potential cost efficiencies. In this paper we present a method to estimate the effort and cost involved in developing customizations to packaged application software (such as SAP and Oracle ERP software) using service-oriented architecture/design (SOA) style. Taking only a description of business processes to be customized, we estimate the effort and costs of implementing those customizations. We use novel artifact-centric and linguistic analysis approaches to estimate the business object count which lies at the center of our cost estimation model. The model is currently being piloted at a large IT services organization involved in implementing packaged application software for clients. Initial experiments reveal that the cost and effort estimates are within 10% range of the benchmark estimates developed after requirements gathering and detailed design.
Application of Inverse Boundary Element Method to Vibration Identification of Co-generation System (2007)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the application of inverse boundary element method (Inverse BEM) to vibration identification on surface of Co-generation System enclosure. This method is a kind of matrix inversion using singular value decomposition. Therefore it is significant to select proper tolerance in order to identify vibration accurately. In this study, the tolerance selection method is proposed. First step, the surface velocity of numerical model with unit input was obtained by Finite Element Method. The sound pressure around the model was obtained by BEM. Second step, random noise was mixed with obtained sound pressure. Third step, by using Inverse BEM, the surface velocity was identified from the sound pressure with noise. Next, the error between the identified velocity and the velocity obtained by FEM were evaluated and the tolerance is selected to minimize the error. Final step, surface velocity in operational condition was identified from measured sound pressure and the selected tolerance by Inverse BEM. As a result, a good agreement was observed between measured velocity and identified velocity.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;