gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AlGaInN laser diode bar and array technology for high-power and individual addressable applications (2016)

The AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a very wide range of wavelengths from u.v., ~380nm, to the visible ~530nm, by tuning the indium content of the laser GaInN quantum well, giving rise to new and novel applications for medical, industrial, display and scientific purposes. Ridge waveguide laser diode structures are fabricated to achieve single mode operation with high optical powers of &gt;100mW with high reliability. Low defectivity and highly uniform GaN substrates allow arrays and bars of nitride lasers to be fabricated. We demonstrate the operation of monolithic AlGaInN laser bars with up to 20 emitters giving optical powers up to 4W cw at ~395nm with a common contact configuration. These bars are suitable for optical pumps and novel extended cavity systems. An alternative package configuration for AlGaInN laser arrays allows for each individual laser to be individually addressable allowing complex free-space and/or fibre optic system integration within a very small form-factor.
A mechatronics approach to the design of light-weight arms and multifingered hands (2002)

Describes design and development efforts in DLR's robotics lab towards a new generation of ultra-light weight robots with articulated hands. The design of fully sensorized joints with complete state feedback and the underlying mechanisms are outlined. The second light-weight arm generation is available now, as well as the second generation of a worldwide most highly integrated 4 finger-hand is available now. Thus we hope that important steps towards a new generation of service and personal robots have been achieved.
Trans-scleral Delivery of Antiangiogenic Proteins (2008)

These data suggest that size and binding characteristics of proteins are likely to influence their ability to penetrate the eye from the periocular space, but in general, proteins as large as 50-75 kDa penetrate well into the choroid, but not into the retina. Periocular injections are feasible for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization with proteins or vectors that express them, but additional investigations are needed before they can be considered for treatment of retinal diseases.
2J-5 Ultrafast Ultrasonic Imaging of In Vivo Muscle Contraction (2006)

Although numerous techniques are commonly used to study muscular or neuromuscular diseases, in vivo muscle contraction remains a difficult event to image in real time. On one hand, time accurate techniques such as for example, mechanomyography, electromyography, or acceleromyography; allow only the assessment of global parameters of musculo-tendinous complex. These estimated parameters are classically the force developed by a group of muscles fibers during contraction, the compound action potential or the acceleration of a muscle. On the other hand, mapping of local muscle structure parameters during contraction with a submillimetric resolution can be achieved by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound Doppler tissue imaging. However, these imaging modalities are not fast enough (less than hundreds of frames per second) to follow transient phenomena. Here, a new way of imaging the motion of an in vivo contracting muscle is proposed. The principle is to use an ultrafast ultrasound scanner to follow with a submillimetric resolution the axial motion of the muscle tissue in a two dimensional (2D) plane. This imaging technique designed at the "Laboratoire Ondes et Acoustique" for transient elastography, gives 2D radio frequency images at a few thousands Hertz (up to 5000 framesmiddots <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) and leads to both local and transient displacements of the muscle in vivo. Displacements as low as one micrometer are computed from the one dimensional (1D) cross-correlation between consecutive images. From these displacements, both local and transient informations on the muscle contraction are extracted such as the contraction time, the relaxation time or the mean velocity of the propagation of the contraction along a muscle fiber. During experiments the ultrafast scanner driving a 128 elements 8 MHz probe triggers a homemade electrostimulation device linked to a pair of electrodes placed on the motor point of the biceps brachii and at the elbow junction. In vivo studies of the contraction of a muscle are reported here by these first transient experiments achieved on the biceps brachii. The velocity distribution of the displacements induced in the tissue during contraction is measured as well as the main temporal features of the contraction
Excitation spectroscopy of the acetylene Ã–X transition in the 220 nm wavelength region (1982)

The fluorescence excitation spectrum of the Ã 1Au–X 1Σg+ transition of acetylene has been examined in the 220 nm wavelength region. Sharp lines were observed at frequencies that agree with earlier studies using absorption spectroscopy, and most lines previously reported as blended were well resolved. Time-resolved fluorescent decays following excitation in four of the peaks revealed suprisingly long lifetimes (2–5 μs in the low-pressure limit). Two of the levels exhibited modulation in their fluorescent decays.
Fully Parallel Associative Memory Architecture with Mixed Digital-Analog Match Circuit for Nearest Euclidean Distance Search (2006)

In this paper, associative memory architecture for a fully parallel nearest Euclidean distance search is proposed. It uses digital circuitry up to subtraction and absolute value calculation in the vector-component comparator part. Analog processing is then applied up to completion of the winner-take-all function. From HSPICE simulation in 0.35 mum CMOS technology the authors confirmed that the winner is detected in less than 135 nsec and the average power dissipation is less than 220 mW among 64 reference patterns each representing a 16-dimensional vector with 5 bit components. A test chip is also designed in 0.35 mum CMOS technology and the chip size is 5.12 mm with 2-poly and 3-metal layers for nearest Euclidean distance search
On the validity of conventional MOSFET nonlinearity characterization at RF switching (2006)

We analyze the linearity of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) at radio frequency switching using the conventional extraction method of IP3, measured harmonic distortion (HD), and a surface-potential-based MOSFET model for circuit-simulation. The applicability of the conventional extraction method of IP3 at low frequency to represent IP3 at high frequency is also investigated. At low frequency, measured HD characteristics and extracted IP3 values correspond to the prediction by the model which adopts the quasistatic approximation, i.e., instantaneous carrier response is assumed. Beyond half of the cutoff frequency, the carrier response delay enhances the MOSFET nonlinearity, which is manifested by a decreased first order harmonic and a pronounced curvature of the third order harmonic. Consequently, the conventional extraction method of IP3 value from the intersection point of linearly extrapolated first and third harmonics becomes unreliable
Life-Threatening Hyperkalemia Associated With Captopril Administration (1993)

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have become commonly used medications for hypertension and congestive heart failure. These agents are noted for their low incidence of adverse effects; but in certain cases, these effects can be life-threatening. Severe hyperkalemia is one of the potentially dangerous effects of the ACE inhibitors. While cases of life-threatening hyperkalemia associated with the use of ACE inhibitors have been described previously, in no instance was dialysis required. Herein, we report a case of acute hyperkalemia in a patient with congestive heart failure and renal insufficiency, the resolution of which required hemodialysis. The hyperkalemia in this case occurred without an increase in the patient's azotemia. In addition, the patient did not respond to attempts to effect the intracellular shift of potassium. This suggested that there may have been a defect in internal potassium homeostasis.
How I treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (2005)

Our goal is to set forth our opinion of the best approach to managing adults with primary idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), with emphasis on the word “opinion.” The paucity of evidence-based medicine on this topic has been noted.[1][1] Both the American Society of
Explorative analysis of 2D color maps (2015)

Color is one of the most important visual variables in information visualization. In many cases, two-dimensional\ninformation can be color-coded based on a 2D color map. A variety of color maps as well as a number of quality\ncriteria for the use of color have been presented. The choice of the best color map depends on the analytical task\nusers intend to perform and the design space in choosing an appropriate 2D color map is large. In this paper,\nwe present the ColorMap-Explorer, a visual-interactive system that helps users in selecting the most appropriate\n2D color map for their particular use case. ColorMap-Explorer also provides a library of many color map implementations\nthat have been proposed in the scientific literature. To analyze their usefulness for different tasks,\nColorMap-Explorer provides use case scenarios to allow users to obtain qualitative feedback. In addition, quantitative\nmetrics are provided on a global (i.e. per color map) and local (i.e. per point) scale. ColorMap-Explorer\nenables users to explore the strengths and weaknesses of existing as well as user-provided color maps to find the\nbest fit for their task. Any color map can be exported to be reused in other visualization tools.\nThe code is published as open source software, so that the visualization community can use both the color map\nlibrary and the ColorMap-Explorer tool. This also allows users to contribute new implementations.
Management of Fixed Sagittal Plane Deformity (2001)

The transpedicular wedge resection osteotomy is an effective procedure for the management of fixed sagittal deformity and is generalizable for multiple etiologies. Simultaneous correction of coronal deformity is possible. The clinical value of the procedure is demonstrated in high rates of patient satisfaction.
iRotate: Active Visual SLAM for Omnidirectional Robots (2022)

In this paper, we present an active visual SLAM approach for omnidirectional robots. The goal is to generate control commands that allow such a robot to simultaneously localize itself and map an unknown environment while maximizing the amount of information gained and consuming as low energy as possible. Leveraging the robot’s independent translation and rotation control, we introduce a multi-layered approach for active V-SLAM. The top layer decides on informative goal locations and generates highly informative paths to them. The second and third layers actively re-plan and execute the path, exploiting the continuously updated map and local features information. Moreover, we introduce two utility formulations to account for the presence of obstacles in the field of view and the robot’s location. Through rigorous simulations, real robot experiments, and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods, we demonstrate that our approach achieves similar coverage results with lesser overall map entropy. This is obtained while keeping the traversed distance up to 39% shorter than the other methods and without increasing the wheels’ total rotation amount. Code and implementation details are provided as open-source, and all the generated data is available online for consultation.
The anti-lotus leaf effect in nanohydrodynamic bump arrays (2010)

In this paper, we address the hydraulic flow of fluids on and within nanofabricated hydrophilic (as opposed to hydrophobic) surfaces, and the influence of an extended precursor film on the wetting dynamics of water penetrating a nano-textured array of posts that has no sealing surface (open-top). The width of the precursor film in front of the wetting edge δ is extraordinarily large, approximately 2 mm for our device, and it drives the wetting penetration film in the open-top array. We discuss the way this thin precursor film controls the movement of the macroscopic wetting front Lw and its dynamics in the nanofabricated array of posts. Rapid and controllable transport of nanoparticles in such an open top array of posts, as controlled by the precursor film, is demonstrated using a bump array textured morphology.
Low-energy drop weight performance of cellular sandwich panels (2015)

Purpose – The aim of this study is to perform a comparative study on sandwich structures with several types of three-dimensional (3D) reticulate cellular structural core designs for their low-energy impact absorption abilities using powder bed additive manufacturing methods. 3D reticulate cellular structures possess promising potentials in various applications with sandwich structure designs. One of the properties critical to the sandwich structures in applications, such as aerospace and automobile components, is the low-energy impact performance. Design/methodology/approach – Sandwich samples of various designs, including re-entrant auxetic, rhombic, hexagonal and octahedral, were designed and fabricated via selective laser sintering (SLS) process using nylon 12 as material. Low-energy drop weight test was performed to evaluate the energy absorption of various designs. Tensile coupons were also produced using the same process to provide baseline material properties. The manufacturing issues such as geometrical accuracy and anisotropy effect as well as their effects on the performance of the structures were discussed. Findings – In general, 3D reticulate cellular structures made by SLS process exhibit significantly different characteristics under low-energy drop weight impact compared to the regular extruded honeycomb sandwich panels. A hexagonal sandwich panel exhibits the largest compliance with the smallest energy absorption ability, and an octahedral sandwich panel exhibits high stiffness as well as good impact protection ability. Through a proper geometrical design, the re-entrant auxetic sandwich panels could achieve a combination of high energy absorption and low response force, making it especially attractive for low-impact protection applications. Originality/value – There has been little work on the comparative study of the energy absorption of various 3D reticulate cellular structures to date. This work demonstrates the potential of 3D reticulate cellular structures as sandwich cores for different purposes. This work also demonstrates the possibility of controlling the performance of this type of sandwich structures via geometrical and process design of the cellular cores with powder bed additive manufacturing systems.
On the performance of transmitting IP traffic over a shared cellular radio channel with a central scheduling mechanism (2006)

This thesis focuses on the performance of sending IP traffic over a shared cellular radio channel with a central scheduling mechanism. Using a shared channel for IP traffic increases the channel utilisation compared to using dedicated channels. There are several new techniques being developed for wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs) that employ shared cellular radio channels such as IEEE 802.16e and the High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The work in this thesis has been focused on the shared downlink channel of HSDPA called HS-DSCH. All problems studied in this thesis relates to improving the performance of transmitting IP traffic over HS-DSCH. Our studies include an evaluation of changing the minimum retransmission timeout (minRTO) of TCP when exposed to varying forwarding rates provided by HS-DSCH (the minRTO problem), the impact of user behaviour on the performance of TCP over this channel (the user behaviour problem) and the performance of different scheduling algorithms for HS-DSCH in serving TCP and UDP flows (the multi-service problem). The thesis comprises three scientific papers and one technical report. The first paper addresses the minRTO problem. Through simulations, we have investigated the impact of a shortened minimum restransmission timeout (minRTO) in TCP in a wireless environment. Our study showed that the minRTO can be shortened or removed without decreasing the system throughput of the network or decreasing fairness among its users. The second paper focuses on the problem of user behaviour. Using a simple model for user behaviour and user satisfaction we investigated the effects of admission control on user satisfaction and system throughput. Our simulation results showed that using no admission control can maximise system throughput, while user satisfaction can be maximised with admission control. The third paper investigates the multi-service problem. Two different services, web traffic and voice over IP (VoIP), were configured to compete for resources in a simulated wireless environment. One important component of this network is the scheduler, which distributes resources among the users and thus between the two services. The performance of several different schedulers were evaluated based on system throughput and user satisfaction. Our results showed that the simple proportional fair scheduler outperformed the other schedulers tested. The work in this thesis has been performed using simulations. Simulation as a method offers a good trade-off between low cost and high precision. Using simulations we can test a great number of scenarios and different system scenarios in a relatively short time. A report describing our simulation environment constitutes the final part of this thesis.
Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Minimal Residual Disease by Standardized WT1 Assay to Enhance Risk Stratification in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A European LeukemiaNet Study (2009)

Application of a standardized WT1 assay provides independent prognostic information in AML, lending support to incorporation of early assessment of MRD to develop more robust risk scores, to enhance risk stratification, and to identify patients who may benefit from allogeneic transplantation.
SOLIS: reconciling disk-integrated and disk-resolved spectra from the Sun (2014)

Unlike other stars, the surface of the Sun can be spatially resolved to a high degree of detail. But the Sun can also be observed as if it was a distant star. The availability of solar disk-resolved and disk-integrated spectra offers an opportunity to devise methods to derive information about the spatial distribution of solar features from Sun-as-a-star measurements. Here, we present an update on work done at the National Solar Observatory to reconcile disk-integrated and disk-resolved solar spectra from the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigation of the Sun (SOLIS) station. The results of this work will lead to a new approach to infer the information about the spatial distribution of features on other stars, from the overall filling factor of active regions to, possibly, the latitude/longitude distribution of features.
Direct Observation of 1,2-Hydrogen Migration in the Excited States of Alkyl Diazo Esters by Ultrafast Time Resolved IR Spectroscopy (2010)

The mechanism of 1,2-H migration process in photoexcited alkyl diazo esters was studied by femtosecond IR transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Two possible processes are discussed: rearrangement in the diazo excited state (RIES) and the intermediacy of singlet carbene species. In chloroform solvent ulrafast IR data show a subpicosecond rise of alkene species indicating the occurrence of the RIES process. Failure in carbene species detection is explained by their absence or very low quantum yield of formation.
Mast cell sarcoma: new cases and literature review (2016)

Mast cell sarcoma (MCS) is a rare form of mastocytosis characterized by the presence of solid tumor(s) comprising malignant mast cells that harbor destructive infiltration capability and metastatic potential. Here, we present an extensive literature review and report on 23 cases of MCS, including 3 new cases from the French National Reference Center for Mastocytosis. From our analysis, it appears that MCS can occur at any age. It can manifest de novo or, to a lesser extent, may evolve from a previously established mastocytosis. Bone tumor is a frequent manifestation, and symptoms of mast cell activation are rare. Histological diagnosis can be difficult because MCS is frequently composed of highly atypical neoplastic mast cells and can thus mimic other tumors. Unexpectedly, the canonical KIT D816V mutation is found in only 21% of MCS; therefore, complete KIT gene sequencing is required. The prognosis of patients with MCS is poor, with a median survival time of less than 18 months, and progression to mast cell leukemia is not unusual. Because conventional chemotherapies usually fail, the role of targeted therapies and bone marrow transplantation warrants further investigation in such aggressive neoplasms.
Cold Climates Heat Pump Design Optimization (2012)

Heat pumps provide an efficient heating method; however they suffer from sever capacity and performance degradation at low ambient conditions. This has deterred market penetration in cold climates. There is a continuing effort to find an efficient air source cold climate heat pump that maintains acceptable capacity and performance at low ambient conditions. Systematic optimization techniques provide a reliable approach for the design of such systems. This paper presents a step-by-step approach for the design optimization of cold climate heat pumps. We first start by describing the optimization problem: objective function, constraints, and design space. Then we illustrate how to perform this design optimization using an open source publically available optimization toolbox. The response of the heat pump design was evaluated using a validated component based vapor compression model. This model was treated as a black box model within the optimization framework. Optimum designs for different system configurations are presented. These optimum results were further analyzed to understand the performance tradeoff and selection criteria. The paper ends with a discussion on the use of systematic optimization for the cold climate heat pump design.
Work function and induced band bending characterization for engineering of selective contact for solar cells (2018)

This work demonstrates the effectiveness of non-contact Kelvin-probe and surface photovoltage characterization of the work function (WF) induced barriers formed in silicon (Si) by thin 5nm carrier selective contact films of MoOx, TiO2 and MgF2. The calibrated Kelvin probe in the dark and under strong illumination where used to determine the dark WF of the deposited films and the band bending in the Si, FBB = WFDark – WFLight. The ac-surface photo voltage provided an independent measurement of the Si depletion layer width. Whole wafer mapping of all parameters can be performed. For n-type Si the high work function oxides MoOx (WF~5.7eV) and TiO2 (WF~5.0eV) are found to induce a depletion barrier with the height increasing with WF as FBB[eV] = 0.23WF – 0.77, i.e. quite similar to the well-known relationship for metal-silicon contacts. For the low work function MgF2 film, a depletion barrier was induced only in p-type Si. For this case, full wafer mapping revealed a lower WF pattern coinciding with larger band bending giving the slope, DFBB/DWF ~ -0.52. The slopes of 0.23 and 0.52 for n- and p-type Si deviates significantly from the ideal slope of 1. This result implies that the barrier formation at the Film-Si heterojunction is limited by the effect of interfacial layers and interface states in analogy to the well-known effects in Metal-Si contacts. It is believed that this demonstrated very fast, preparation-free, non-contact characterization technique can benefit research and engineering of selective contacts for solar cells.