gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen diffusion and accumulation at the Si∕SiO2 interface in SiO2∕Si3N4∕SiO2 structures for nonvolatile semiconductor memories (2005)

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling was used to study nitrogen distribution in SiO2∕Si3N4∕SiO2 (ONO) structures employed in advanced semiconductor memories. We have investigated different factors that affect nitrogen accumulation at the Si∕SiO2 interface of the ONO structure. To isolate the impact of ion beam enhanced nitrogen diffusion towards the Si∕SiO2 interface in SIMS measurements, the top silicon oxide and silicon nitride layers were chemically etched before the SIMS procedure. Thermal diffusion effects were investigated by comparing specimens with different thermal budgets and different thickness of layers in the ONO stack. Our results unambiguously suggest that nitrogen can be accumulated at the Si∕SiO2 interface during ONO fabrication.
The magnetic properties of amorphous SmCo-films (1984)

The room temperature magnetic hysteresis properties of flash-evaporated Sm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> -films (x=0.74, 0.82,0.89) with induced uniaxial in-plane anisotropy have been analyzed for their dependence on the substrate material (glass,Cu,Al) and the substrate temperature T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</inf> present during evaporation (100K<T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sub</inf> <1000K).
F4‐02‐02: Lewy Body Disease With Dementia can be Well‐Differentiated from Alzheimer's Disease By Measurement of Cerebral Cortical Acetylcholinesterase Activity by PET (2010)

The aim of our study was to investigate diagnostic performance of measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity using PET in Lewy body disease with dementia, which consisted of Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants were 17 patients with PDD/DLB [age:75+/-5 yrs, MMSE17+/-6], 15 patients with AD [age74+/-4 yrs, MMSE18+/-4] and 15 age-matched healthy controls [age:70+/-7 yrs, MMSE29+/-1]. All subjects underwent PET scans with N- [11C]-methyl-4-piperidyl acetate (MP4A) to measure brain AChE activity. We did anatomical standardization of each brain image, and estimated voxel-based k3 values, an index of AChE activity, in a three-compartment model using the metabolite corrected arterial input function. Volume of interest (VOIs) were identified on k3 images in cerebral cortical gray matter, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG) and Brodmann's areas (BAs) using the Wake Forest University Pick Atlas. The differential diagnostic performance was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis on k3 values in each VOIs between PDD/DLB and AD groups. Cortical k3 values were lower in both the PDD/DLB group (% reduction compared with the normal mean = -25.1%) and the AD group (-10.1%) than in the HC group (F2, 46 = 28.0, p < 0. 01 in the PDD/DLB, p < 0.05 in the AD, one-way ANOVA). The largest area under the ROC curves were observed in PCG (0.95, 95% CI, 0.77-0.99; sensitivity, 0.88; specificity, 0.98), BA43 (0.94, 95% CI, 0.81-0.99; sensitivity, 0.84; specificity, 0.92), and paracentral lobule (0.93, 95% CI, 0.77-0.99; sensitivity, 0.84; specificity, 0.96). More profound reduction of AChE activity was observed in PDD/DLB group than AD group as demonstrated in previous postmortem [Perry, et al. 1994] and PET [Bohnen, et al. 2003] studies. Patients with DLB/PDD are well-differentiated from patients with AD by measurement of brain AChE activity using PET.
Gastrointestinal-resident, shape-changing microdevices extend drug release in vivo (2020)

Extended-release gastrointestinal (GI) luminal delivery substantially increases the ease of administration of drugs and consequently the adherence to therapeutic regimens. However, because of clearance by intrinsic GI motility, device gastroretention and extended drug release over a prolonged duration are very challenging. Here, we report that GI parasite-inspired active mechanochemical therapeutic grippers, or theragrippers, can reside within the GI tract of live animals for 24 hours by autonomously latching onto the mucosal tissue. We also observe a notable sixfold increase in the elimination half-life using theragripper-mediated delivery of a model analgesic ketorolac tromethamine. These results provide first-in-class evidence that shape-changing and self-latching microdevices enhance the efficacy of extended drug delivery.
Rational Engineering of a Sub-Picomolar HIV-1 Blocker (2022)

With the aim of rationally devising a refined and potent HIV-1 blocker, the cDNA of CCL5 5p12 5m, an extremely potent CCR5 antagonist, was fused to that of C37, a gp41-targeted fusion inhibitor. The resulting CCL5 5p12 5m-C37 fusion protein was expressed in <i>E. coli</i> and proved to be capable of inhibiting R5 HIV-1 strains with low to sub-picomolar IC<sub>50</sub>, maintaining its antagonism toward CCR5. In addition, CCL5 5p12 5m-C37 inhibits R5/X4 and X4 HIV-1 strains in the picomolar concentration range. The combination of CCL5 5p12 5m-C37 with tenofovir (TDF) exhibited a synergic effect, promoting this antiviral cocktail. Interestingly, a CCR5-targeted combination of maraviroc (MVC) with CCL5 5p12 5m-C37 led to a synergic effect that could be explained by an extensive engagement of different CCR5 conformational populations. Within the mechanism of HIV-1 entry, the CCL5 5p12 5m-C37 chimera may fit as a powerful blocker in several instances. In its possible consideration for systemic therapy or pre-exposure prophylaxis, this protein design represents an interesting lead in the combat of HIV-1 infection.
Effects of Varying Doses of a Probiotic Supplement Fed to Healthy Dogs Undergoing Kenneling Stress (2012)

Dogs undergoing stress may experience gastrointestinal disturbances that can manifest as loose stool or diarrhea. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of feeding varying doses of a canine-derived probiotic supplement (Bifidobacterium animalis strain AHC7) for reducing stressrelated gastrointestinal disturbances in dogs that were relocated from homes to a kennel environment. Healthy, young adult dogs (n = 134) were randomly assigned to one of four supplements containing either < 103 (control), 1.5 x 107, 1.5 x 108, or 1.5 x 109 CFU of AHC7. Dogs received an oral supplement one time per day for 5 weeks prior to relocation and for the first 3 weeks following relocation. Fecal scores, number of defecations per day, fecal microbial populations, and serum cortisol levels were measured before and after kennel relocation. Fecal populations of AHC7 were significantly elevated in all three treatment groups when compared with the control group, and concentrations suggested a dose-response effect. Fecal scores were significantly higher (closer to optimal) in dogs supplemented with AHC7 when compared with the control group during Week 3 and over the entire 3-week relocation period. Significantly fewer dogs that were supplemented with AHC7 passed unacceptable stools during the first week of relocation when compared with the control group. Supplementing healthy dogs with Bifidobacterium animalis AHC7 prior to and during kennel relocation at doses between 107 and 109 CFU/day supported optimal stool production and may help to prevent stress-related gastrointestinal upsets and
Effects of Side Chain Configuration and Backbone Spacing on the Gene Delivery Properties of Lysine-Derived Cationic Polymers (2005)

A series of lysine-based oligomers (18 residues) that differ in side chain configuration or side chain spacing along the backbone was tested for DNA transfection activity. Although materials constructed from lysine are not the most effective polymeric transfection agents, we have chosen L-lysine-based molecules as a starting point because this system allows us to examine the functional effects of incremental changes in polycation structure. The oligomer constructed from beta(3)-homolysine (beta(3)-hLys) and that from alpha-D-lysine were superior to an alpha-L-lysine 18-mer in gene delivery assays. This improved activity is attributed to the fact that the alpha-L-peptide is a protease substrate while the other 18-mers are not. This conclusion is supported by the effects of chloroquine on transfection activity, based on the protease inhibition activity of chloroquine. To our knowledge, these results represent the first direct comparison of a D-lysine oligomer with an L-lysine oligomer in the context of gene delivery. Poly(beta(3)-hLys) was synthesized from the ring opening polymerization of the corresponding lactam. The DNA transfection ability of this polymer was compared with that of commercially available poly(L-lysine) (PLL). In each case the polymer was more active than the corresponding oligomer.
Data from Computationally Guided Photothermal Tumor Therapy Using Long-Circulating Gold Nanorod Antennas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Plasmonic nanomaterials have the opportunity to considerably improve the specificity of cancer ablation by i.v. homing to tumors and acting as antennas for accepting externally applied energy. Here, we describe an integrated approach to improved plasmonic therapy composed of multimodal nanomaterial optimization and computational irradiation protocol development. We synthesized polyethylene glycol (PEG)–protected gold nanorods (NR) that exhibit superior spectral bandwidth, photothermal heat generation per gram of gold, and circulation half-life &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1/2&lt;/sub&gt;, ∼17 hours) compared with the prototypical tunable plasmonic particles, gold nanoshells, as well as ∼2-fold higher X-ray absorption than a clinical iodine contrast agent. After intratumoral or i.v. administration, we fuse PEG-NR biodistribution data derived via noninvasive X-ray computed tomography or &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; spectrometry, respectively, with four-dimensional computational heat transport modeling to predict photothermal heating during irradiation. In computationally driven pilot therapeutic studies, we show that a single i.v. injection of PEG-NRs enabled destruction of all irradiated human xenograft tumors in mice. These studies highlight the potential of integrating computational therapy design with nanotherapeutic development for ultraselective tumor ablation. [Cancer Res 2009;69(9):3892–900]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Portal de acceso a recursos HPC en entornos Grid (2007)

En un entorno Grid formado por diversos centros computacionales con diversas tecnologias e
infraestructuras involucradas, resulta muy util disponer de sistemas para proporcionar un unico punto de
acceso a los recursos de forma sencilla y transparente. Dentro del proyecto HPC-Europa se ha desarrollado
un sistema de acceso a diversos centros europeos con tradicion en computacion de altas prestaciones basado
en un portal web. En este texto se presentan las principales caracteristicas de este sistema y se describe una
demostracion efectuada de su funcionamiento realizada durante la tercera reunion de la Red Tematica en
Grid Middleware.
Supplementary Figure 2 from miR-30-5p Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Novel Therapeutic Tool by Targeting the Oncogenic Wnt/β-Catenin/BCL9 Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1007KB, Knockdown expression of miR-30s enhances BCL9 expression in MM cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Association between Lifestyle Factors and CpG Island Methylation in a Cancer-Free Population (2009)

Our findings may help to elucidate early methylation changes that may lead to cancer development. These methylation changes could be due to exposure to risk factors and may be useful for cancer prevention measures such as changes in lifestyle. Longitudinal follow-up of a high-risk population is needed to understand the association of methylation of candidate genes in cancer development.
How many samples are needed for precise localization? (1990)

Perfect reconstruction of a sine-wave grating requires at least two samples per cycle in order to determine the amplitude and phase. We have measured vernier acuity for discretely sampled sine-wave gratings. The stimulus was a pair of abutting horizontal sine-wave gratings, and the observers' task was to judge the direction of vertical offset between the two gratings. Each horizontal sample was 0.6 ft. (18.3 cm) wide and the luminance between samples was fixed at the mean luminance. The equally spaced samples were lined up in the two gratings, but the position of the gratings was random with respect to the samples. We found that reducing the number of discrete samples comprising the gratings has two effects: (1) grating visibility is reduced, and (2) vernier thresholds increase. When the visibility of the grating is held constant (by increasing the physical contrast) as the number of samples is reduced over a wide range of grating spatial frequencies, vernier thresholds are unimpaired with four samples per cycle and are only slightly impaired with three samples. Our results suggest that the human observer acts almost like an ideal observer in spatial localization tasks.
Non-binary phase gratings for x-ray imaging with a compact Talbot interferometer (2014)

X-ray imaging using a Talbot-Lau interferometer, consisting of three binary gratings, is a well-established approach to acquire x-ray phase-contrast and dark-field images with a polychromatic source. However, challenges in the production of high aspect ratio gratings limit the construction of a compact setup for high x-ray energies. In this study we consider the use of phase gratings with triangular-shaped structures in an x-ray interferometer and show that such gratings can yield high visibilities for significantly shorter propagation distances than conventional gratings with binary structures. The findings are supported by simulation and experimental results for both cases of a monochromatic and a polychromatic source.
Simplified spinal cord phantom for evaluation of SQUID magnetospinography (2014)

Spinal cord functional imaging by magnetospinography (MSG) is a noninvasive diagnostic method for spinal cord diseases. However, the accuracy and spatial resolution of lesion localization by MSG have barely been evaluated in detail so far. We developed a simplified spinal cord phantom for MSG evaluation. The spinal cord phantom is composed of a cylindrical vessel filled with saline water, which acts as a model of a neck. A set of modeled vertebrae is arranged in the cylindrical vessel, which has a neural current model made from catheter electrodes. The neural current model emulates the current distribution around the activated site along the axon of the spinal cord nerve. Our MSG system was used to observe the magnetic field from the phantom; a quadrupole-like pattern of the magnetic field distribution, which is a typical distribution pattern for spinal cord magnetic fields, was successfully reproduced by the phantom. Hence, the developed spinal cord phantom can be used to evaluate MSG source analysis methods.
Efficient Beam Alignment in Millimeter Wave Systems Using Contextual Bandits (2018)

In this paper, we investigate the problem of beam alignment in millimeter wave (mmWave) systems, and design an optimal algorithm to reduce the overhead. Specifically, due to directional communications, the transmitter and receiver beams need to be aligned, which incurs high delay overhead since without a priori knowledge of the transmitter/receiver location, the search space spans the entire angular domain. This is further exacerbated under dynamic conditions (e.g., moving vehicles) where the access to the base station (access point) is highly dynamic with intermittent on-off periods, requiring more frequent beam alignment and signal training. To mitigate this issue, we consider an online stochastic optimization formulation where the goal is to maximize the directivity gain (i.e., received energy) of the beam alignment policy within a time period. We exploit the inherent correlation and unimodality properties of the model, and demonstrate that contextual information improves the performance. To this end, we propose an equivalent structured Multi-Armed Bandit model to optimally exploit the exploration-exploitation tradeoff. In contrast to the classical MAB models, the contextual information makes the lower bound on regret (i.e., performance loss compared with an oracle policy) independent of the number of beams. This is a crucial property since the number of all combinations of beam patterns can be large in transceiver antenna arrays, especially in massive MIMO systems. We further provide an asymptotically optimal beam alignment algorithm, and investigate its performance via simulations.
Optimum design of 155-μm double heterostructures and ridge-waveguide lasers (1984)

The dependence of threshold current density and lateral-index difference for transverse guiding in a 1.55-microm InGaAsP/InP ridge-waveguide laser on the number of cladding layers, their thicknesses, and their compositions is presented. It is found that two cladding layers of intermediate band-gap InGaAsP (lambda(g) = 1.2-1.3 microm) are desirable to reduce the threshold current density and to reduce its sensitivity to layer-thickness variations. The use of active- and cladding-layer thicknesses between 0.1 and 0.15 microm minimizes the threshold current density and its sensitivity to layer-thickness variations. This regime of layer thicknesses results in relatively strong lateral-index guiding (Deltan(eff) approximately 0.06) in the 1.55-microm ridge-waveguide laser structure.
Modeling Co-Evolution Across Multiple Networks (2018)

Multiple and co-evolving networks are common in many real settings such as social networks, communication networks and other information networks. Most of the work in the field of network evolution has focused on a single evolving network or specific network pairs, lacking generality in the analysis of multiple networks and ignoring the co-evolutionary dynamics between networks. In practice, a significant amount of information is encoded in the evolution of multiple networks with respect to one another. In this paper, we show how to use a shared temporal matrix factorization framework to model co-evolution across multiple networks, and we refer to this framework as CoEvol. Specifically, the proposed framework decomposes the adjacency matrix of each co-evolving network into a product of network-independent shared factor and a set of network-specific temporal factors, and impose a non-negativity constraint on the factors for greater interpretability. Our approach has the potential to predict multiple changes in co-evolving networks over time, because of its ability to explicitly represent co-evolving networks as a function of time. The CoEvol framework also has the advantage of generality in addressing various temporal tasks across multiple networks. We show the benefits of this approach in predicting co-evolution across multiple networks on the tasks including cross-network link prediction, lag correlation detection and community detection. Compared to baseline methods, CoEvol obtains lower root mean-squared error in cross-network link prediction and higher cluster purity in community detection, which demonstrates that the CoEvol framework can capture the dynamics across multiple networks.
Measurement of Rapamycin in Whole Blood Using Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1992)

Rapamycin (RAPA) is an immunosuppressant with a potency similar to FK 506 and up to 100-fold greater than cyclosporine. To date, no data have been reported on the pharmacokinetics and disposition of the drug, primarily due to a lack of suitable methods for its analysis. We describe here an evaluation of a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for analysis of the drug in whole blood. The method showed excellent analytical recovery of the drug, close to 100%. The sensitivity method was found to be 1.0 micrograms/L with between-run coefficients of variation of 14.4% and 9.8% at 10 and 50 mg/L. The stability of RAPA was investigated with this method in whole-blood specimens. It was found that the drug was stable for 30 days at 4 degrees C and for 55 days at -40 degrees C.
Curved Leaky-Wave Antennas for Terahertz Wireless Communications (2022)

Conformal antennas are required for next generation of wireless systems combining the use of high frequency bands (terahertz) with smart interconnected devices (the Internet of Things). Here, we study and demonstrate curved terahertz leaky-wave antennas. We also demonstrate data transmission using a multibeam conformal antenna.
N-Acetylcysteine Decreases Severity of Acute Pancreatitis in Mice (2000)

Oxidative stress plays a major role in the early stage of acute pancreatitis. This study assessed the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a reduced glutathione (GSH) provider and a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediates, in the course of acute pancreatitis in mice. Acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of cerulein. Mice received NAC (1,000 mg/kg, i.p.) every 3 h, starting either 1 h before the first cerulein injection (prophylactic group) or 1 h after the first cerulein injection (therapeutic group), or i.p. saline injections for controls. Severity of AP was evaluated by histology, serum hydrolase levels, and serum and intrapancreatic levels of MCP-1 and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Pancreatic conjugated dienes and intrapancreatic and intrahepatic GSH levels were measured to assess the local and systemic oxidative processes. Acute pancreatitis was also induced with a CDE diet in controls and mice receiving either both NAC ad libidum in drinking water and 1,000 mg/kg i.p. injection once daily. The severity of pulmonary lesions was assessed by arterial blood gases (pO2) and intrapulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO content) measurements as well as the survival of mice. The severity of cerulein-induced AP was significantly decreased in the prophylactic group compared with the therapeutic and control groups. Prophylactic administration of NAC also decreased the intrapancreatic levels of conjugated dienes compared with controls. The intrapancreatic and systemic release of MCP- 1 and IL-6 was also decreased in the prophylactic group 3 and 6 hours after AP induction. In addition, NAC pretreatment also reduced hepatic IL-6 production at 3 and 6 hours after starting cerulein challenge. In CDE-induced AP, the severity of lung injury (hypoxemia, MPO content) was decreased, and survival was improved by NAC. NAC administered in a prophylactic protocol limits the severity of experimental acute pancreatitis in mice, as well as its systemic complications and related mortality.