gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluid Gels: a New Feedstock for High Viscosity Jetting (2018)

Suspensions of gel particles which are pourable or spoonable at room temperature can be created by shearing a gelling biopolymer through its gelation (thermal or ion mediated) rather than allowing quiescent cooling - thus the term 'fluid gel' may be used to describe the resulting material. As agar gelation is thermoreversible this type of fluid gel is able to be heated again to melt agar gel particles to varying degrees then re-form a network quiescently upon cooling, whose strength depends on the temperature of re-heating, determining the amount of agar solubilised and subsequently able to partake in re-gelation. Using this principle, for the first time fluid gels have been applied to a high viscosity 3D printing process wherein the printing temperature (at the nozzle) is controllable. This allows the use of ambient temperature feedstocks and by altering the nozzle temperature, the internal nature (presence or absence of gel particles) and gel strength of printed droplets differs. If the nozzle prints at different temperatures for each layer a structure with modulated texture could be created.
Effects of nitrogen addition on the structure and field emission properties of amorphous carbon (1999)

The films of amorphous carbon with different amounts of incorporated nitrogen are deposited by helical resonator plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH4, Ar, and N2 gas mixtures. As the nitrogen content in the films increases, the optical band gap and sp3 bond fraction decreased. The higher field emission current and the lower turn-on voltage are obtained from the sample of the higher nitrogen content. The calculated emission barrier heights for a-C:N (5/5) and (10/0) are 0.76 and 0.70 times that for a-C, respectively. The increase of the conducting part of the films and the role of nitrogen as an electrical donor are responsible for the enhanced field emission.
P1‐287: Investigating The Link Between Pathological TAU Accumulation, Neuroinflammation and Brain Atrophy in a Model of Tauopathy (2016)

Recent advance in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for tauopathy allows us to noninvasively examine the state of tau protein in living human brains. PET imaging using [11C]PBB3 is superior in detecting tau deposits, and it is closely aligned with disease symptoms. [11C]PBB3-PET also binds to tau aggregates in transgenic (Tg) mouse models of tauoathy, enabling longitudinal imaging studies in the same individuals, followed by postmortem assessments of biochemical and histolopathological correlates of in vivo findings. Here, we investigate the temporospatial relationship between tau expression, neuroinflammation and brain atrophy using a mouse model of tauopathy. The rTg4510 transgenic mice expressing P301L mutated tau under tet-off system were examined for MRI and PET imaging from 2 to 10M of age. PET probes, [11C]PBB3 and [11C]Ac-5216 were used for visualizing tau pathology and TSPO (the 18-kDa translocator protein, neuroinflammation). For studying effects of reducing tau expression, mice were administrated with doxycycline (DOX) from 4.5 month of age, and longitudinally examined for MRI and PET imaging until 11 month of age. Tau pathology was subsequently analyzed by biochemistry and immunohistochemistry using postmortem mouse brains. Longitudinal imaging studies revealed age-dependent cortical and hippocampal volume reduction, PBB3 and TSPO accumulations. Retentions of tau and TSPO radioligands in these regions were inversely correlated to forebrain volume. To compare with constitutively P301L tau expressing mice, DOX treated rTg4510 mice showed repressions of brain atrophy and TSPO accumulations. Biochemical examination of DOX treated mice confirmed the accumulation of sarkosyl insoluble tau with reduced P301L tau expression. Our results indicate that mutant tau deposition accompanied with both TSPO accumulation and forebrain atrophy in the rTg4510 mice. Suppression of P301L tau expression reduced TSPO accumulation and forebrain atrophy with remaining tau pathology. Further examinations with different timing of DOX treatment are ongoing to validate the amelioration of tau pathology.
Enhancement in screening throughput and density of combinatorial libraries using wavelet analysis (2004)

We report an approach to increase the measurement rate in the real-time monitoring of parallel combinatorial reactions with a single scanning device. The wavelet transform is applied to collected data to reduce the integration time needed to achieve a predetermined signal-to-noise. As an example, we analyzed Raman spectra of diphenyl carbonate, one of the starting components in a melt-polymerization reaction of polycarbonate performed on combinatorial (150 μL volume) scale. The time reduction after the wavelet analysis of each measured spectrum permitted sampling of full spectra from each combinatorial reaction with an up-sampling factor N=20–90. Such up-sampling capability is critical for increasing the density of combinatorial libraries during their dynamic analysis where each library element is measured multiple times during combinatorial reactions.
Alphabetically biased virtual keyboards are easier to use (2001)

Virtual keyboard layouts have been optimized for expert users with no consideration of novice users' ease of locating individual keys. This paper presents a new layout produced by means of a Metropolis algorithm with an added alphabetical bias term to the previous Fitts-digraph energy function. At a small cost of expert's performance, the new layout with alphabetical tendency offered 9% improvement to novice user's performance.
Cathodoluminescence Properties of SrY[sub 2]S[sub 4]:Eu Phosphor for Application in Field Emission Display (2000)

In this paper, we present the first report characterizing the cathodoluminescent properties of . Firing the precursor powder at 1300°C for 8 h gives a luminescence efficiency of 2.8 lm/W at 2 kV and 4.8 lm/W at 5 kV. The emission peak of this phosphor is located at ∼630 nm and the Commission International del'Eclairage coordinates are x = 0.63, y = 0.35. The optical properties of phosphor under UV or electron‐beam excitation is investigated and the suitability for the application of field emission displays is discussed. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Carrier localization induced by alloy disorder in nitride devices: theory and experiments (Conference Presentation) (2018)

We present a model of carrier distribution and transport accounting for quantum localization effects in disordered semiconductor alloys. It is based on a recent mathematical theory of quantum localization which introduces a spatial function called localization landscape for carriers. These landscapes allow us to predict the localization of electron and hole quantum states, their energies, and the local densities of states. The various outputs of these landscapes can be directly implemented into a drift-diffusion model of carrier transport and into the calculation of absorption/emission transitions. This model captures the two major effects of quantum mechanics of disordered systems: the reduction of barrier height (tunneling) and lifting of energy ground states (quantum confinement), without having to solve the Schrödinger equation. Comparison with exact Schrödinger calculations in several one-dimensional structures demonstrates the excellent accuracy of the approximation provided by the landscape theory [1]. This approach is then used to describe the absorption Urbach tail in InGaN alloy quantum wells of solar cells and LEDs. The broadening of the absorption edge for quantum wells emitting from violet to green (indium content ranging from 0% to 28%) corresponds to a typical Urbach energy of 20 meV and is closely reproduced by the 3D sub-bandgap absorption based on the localization landscape theory [2]. This agreement demonstrates the applicability of the localization theory to compositional disorder effects in semiconductors. [1] M. Filoche et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 144204 (2017) [2] M. Piccardo et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 144205 (2017)
A Survey of Increased Infectious Risk Donor Utilization in Canadian Transplant Programs (2015)

The results suggest that availability of NAT would increase IRD utilization. In addition written policies and procedures on IRD use and the consent process would be recommended in many Canadian centers.
Leveraging Side-Channel Information for Disassembly and Security (2019)

With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT), devices such as smartphones, embedded medical devices, smart home appliances as well as traditional computing platforms such as personal computers and servers have been increasingly targeted with a variety of cyber attacks. Due to limited hardware resources for embedded devices and difficulty in wide-coverage and on-time software updates, software-only cyber defense techniques, such as traditional anti-virus and malware detectors, do not offer a silver-bullet solution. Hardware-based security monitoring and protection techniques, therefore, have gained significant attention. Monitoring devices using side channel leakage information, e.g. power supply variation and electromagnetic (EM) radiation, is a promising avenue that promotes multiple directions in security and trust applications. In this paper, we provide a taxonomy of hardware-based monitoring techniques against different cyber and hardware attacks, highlight the potentials and unique challenges, and display how power-based side-channel instruction-level monitoring can offer suitable solutions to prevailing embedded device security issues. Further, we delineate approaches for future research directions.
Nano-optical imaging of exciton polaritons inside WSe2 waveguides (2016)

Exciton polaritons, which are hybrid modes between photons and excitons in semiconductors, attract broad research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. Previous studies are focused on far-field spectroscopy of exciton polaritons with cavity or prism coupling. Here we report on real-space nano-optical imaging study of exciton polaritons using the near-field scanning optical microscopy. The observed polaritons are formed by coupling between photons and excitons in thin flakes of group VI transition-metal dichalcogenides and they show sensitive dependence with the flake thickness. The wavelength of these exciton polaritons can reach as low as 300 nm. By tuning the excitation laser energy, we are able to map the entire polariton dispersion both above and below the A exciton energy. Further analysis indicates that polaritons can propagate over many microns below the exciton energy but are subject to strong Landau damping above.
A role for bone marrow–derived cells in the vasculature of noninjured CNS (2004)

The contribution of hematopoietic cells to the formation of blood vessels is currently the focus of intense scrutiny. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells are thought to generate endothelial cells in many tissues, including myocardium, muscle, and certain tumors. In the central nervous system (CNS), however, the possible role of bone marrow-derived angiocompetent cells remains unclear. Here we have investigated the long-term involvement of bone marrow-derived cells in the maintenance of endothelial structures in the brain, spinal cord, and retina. Using hematopoietic chimeras stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in bone marrow-derived tissues, we found large numbers of hematopoietic cells closely associated with vessels in the CNS. None of these cells, however, showed an endothelial phenotype. They were positive for monocytic and microglial surface markers and demonstrated active phagocytosis of neighboring endothelial elements. Bone marrow-derived, vasculature-associated cells in the noninjured adult CNS are distinct from endothelial cells, but play an active role in vascular structures.
Controlled Formation of Catalytic and Emissive Gold Nanoclusters with a Synthetic Self-Assembled Protein Toroid (2020)

&lt;div&gt;Self-assembled proteins are privileged building blocks for the bottom-up organization of matter at the nanoscale. However, since most proteins are very large, they have to be produced by recombinant expression, which is less versatile and flexible than chemical synthesis. Here, we show that we can bridge the potential of proteins for nanofabrication with the simplicity and versatility of solid-phase peptide synthesis by relying on the self-assembly of the viral protein gp23.1, a small 50-residue protein that oligomerizes in solution to form a stable toroidal hexamer. We report the chemical synthesis and basic biophysical characterization of a gp23.1 mutant and show that its self-assembled hexamer templates the formation of highly monodisperse gold nanoclusters of about 1.3 nm inside its central cavity. The resulting nanoclusters show catalytic activity in cycloisomerization reactions as well as luminescence emission. This work demonstrates the versatility of this small self- assembled ring protein for a variety of nanotechnological applications.&lt;/div&gt;
Wrench Capability of a Stewart Platform With Series Elastic Actuators (2018)

This paper proposes a novel method for analyzing linear series elastic actuators (SEAs) in a parallel-actuated Stewart platform, which has full six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) in position and orientation. SEAs can potentially provide a better human–machine interface for the user. However, in the study of parallel-actuated systems with full 6DOF, the effect of compliance in series with actuators has not been adequately studied from the perspective of wrench capabilities. We found that some parameters of the springs and the stroke lengths of the linear actuators play a major role in the actuation limits of the system. This is an important consideration when adding SEAs into a Stewart platform or other parallel-actuated robots to improve their human usage.
A Novel Class of Dual-family Immunophilins (2005)

Immunophilins are protein chaperones with peptidylprolyl isomerase activity that belong to one of two large families, the cyclosporin-binding cyclophilins (CyPs) and the FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs). Each family displays characteristic and conserved sequence features that differ between the two families. We report a novel group of dual-family immunophilins that contain both CyP and FKBP domains for which we propose the name FCBP (FK506- and cyclosporin-binding protein). The FCBP of Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite, contained N-terminal FKBP and C-terminal CyP domains joined by tetratricopeptide repeats. Structure-function analysis revealed that both domains were functional and exhibited family-specific drug sensitivity. The individual domains of FCBP inhibited calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) in the presence of the appropriate drugs. In binding studies, FCBP recruited calcineurin in the presence of FK506 and a putative target of rapamycin homolog in the presence of rapamycin. Two additional FCBP sequences in Flavobacterium and one in Treponema (spirochete) were also identified in which the CyP and FKBP domains were in the reverse order. T. gondii growth was inhibited by cyclosporin and FK506 in a moderately synergistic manner. The knockdown of FCBP by RNA interference revealed its essentiality for T. gondii growth. Clearly, the FCBPs are novel chaperones and potential targets of multiple immunosuppressant drugs.
Acid alpha‐glucosidase gene replacement therapy to the diaphragm remodels ventilatory function in severe Pompe disease (1091.8) (2014)

Pompe disease is a neuromuscular disorder due to mutations in the gene that encodes the acid alpha‐glucosidase (GAA) enzyme, which results in lysosomal glycogen accumulation in striated muscle and motor neurons. The severe infantile form leads to cardiac hypertrophy, respiratory failure and early mortality. An approved enzyme replacement therapy reduces the cardiomyopathy and increases survival, yet many patients eventually require mechanical ventilation (MV). Our objective is to investigate an alternative treatment, by correcting the defective gene in an open‐label, Phase I/II clinical study of AAV‐GAA therapy to the diaphragm. We hypothesized that retrograde transport of AAV‐GAA would promote diaphragm glycogen clearance to restore inspiratory motor function. To date, five children (ages 2‐15) with full‐time MV dependence have received intramuscular rAAV1‐CMV‐GAA delivery into the diaphragm and completed follow‐up ventilatory testing. Maximal pressure inspiratory generation did not improve one year after dosing, but maximum unassisted tidal volume increased significantly (median: 22% gain, range: 11‐77%). Moreover, all subjects generated improved spontaneous breathing without MV assistance (median: 586%, range: 192‐2901% improvement over baseline levels). We conclude these findings may be related to vector transduction properties, fiber atrophy from chronic MV, and properties of the postoperative muscle conditioning prescription. Grant Funding Source : K12 HD055929; CRB‐HLBI1‐S‐10‐00223
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of Dioxorhenium(V) Complexes. (1989)

Abstract Treating the bis(phosphine)‐Re(V) complex (I) with an excess of ethylenediamine (II) or of electron‐rich pyridines e.g. (IV) results in the formation of the corresponding tetrakis(N‐ligand) complexes (III) and (V) as their iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLECULAR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF DIPHENOLIC, MONOPHENOLIC, AND NONPHENOLIC SUBSTRATES (1977)

Abstract Als besonders wirksames Reagenz für die oxidative Cyclisierung von diphenolischen, wie (I) und (III), monophenolischen, wie (V) und (VIIa), sowie nichtphenolischen Substraten, wie (VIIb), erwies sich VOCl 3 [Bildung der Produkte (II), (IV) bzw. (VI), (VIIIa) bzw. (VIIIb) + (IX)].
Design, characteristics and reliability of a large area surface emitting laser (SEL) for multimode data link applications (2002)

For short distance multimode data link systems, the large area surface emitting InGaAs QW laser with spectral width of up to 1 nm has been shown to operate in multimode links with RIN less than -120 dB/Hz. SELs have been specifically designed for this application. Modal properties, modal stabilities, efficiencies, reliability and details of the bottom emitting 980 nm SEL design will be discussed in this talk.
New CVD Source Reagents for Osmium Thin Film Deposition (2001)

High-purity osmium film deposition is reportedfrom two volatile osmium complexes cis-Os(CO)4I2 and fac-Os(CO)3(hfac)(trifluoroacetate). SEM analysis of films grown from cis-Os(CO)4I2 at 450 °C shows snowflake type microcrystalline grains, which change at a higher deposition temperature of 550 °C to a closely packed microcrystalline grain structure (see Figure), with a preferred orientation along the (100) planes.
A phosphine oxide derivative as a universal electron transport material for organic light-emitting diodes (2009)

A phosphine oxide based organic material, 2-diphenylphosphine oxide-spiro[fluorene-7,11′-benzofluorene] (SPPO2), was developed as a universal electron transport layer with a thermal stability and stable morphology for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The SPPO2 was synthesized by the reaction of 2-bromo-spiro[fluorene-7,11′-benzofluorene] with diphenyl phosphine chloride. SPPO2 showed a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 118 °C and good film-forming properties. The SPPO2 reduced the driving voltage of the OLEDs irrespective of the energy level of the host materials due to efficient electron injection from the SPPO2 to host material. In particular, the SPPO2 reduced the driving voltage of the blue device of a wide bandgap host material by more than 3 V. Therefore, the SPPO2 can be used as a universal electron transport layer for OLEDs.
Homogeneous gas phase thermal polymerization of styrene (1987)

Self-thermal initiated gas phase polymerization in styrene vapor is investigated employing the nucleation and growth of liquid monomer droplets (in supersaturated styrene vapor) for detection. The results show rather definitively that styrene does polymerize thermally, in the vapor phase, at temperatures as low as 250 K. The same is true for α-methylstyrene which is also studied (but not so thoroughly). Phenylacetylene retards the gas phase polymerization of styrene. Polymers with degree of polymerization in the range 9 to 24 are involved in this study. The degree of polymerization increases with temperature and bimolecular termination appears to be absent. The total concentration of growing radicals is of the order of 6×103 cm−3. Thermal initiation appears to have second order kinetics. The rate constant for propagation is the same in the gas as in the liquid. At 0 °C (where we easily observe the formation of polymers), 23 million years would be required to observe the disappearance of monomer by standard methods. This explains why gas phase polymerization of styrene has not been previously conclusively demonstrated, even at high temperatures.
Design and optical characterisation of an efficient light trapping structure for dye-sensitized solar cell integrated windows (2018)

Windows integrated with semi-transparent photovoltaics (PVs) such as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) show good potential in improving building performance, in terms of providing daylight, reducing unnecessary solar heat gain and also generating electricity onsite. However, low cell efficiency remains an obstacle for their applications in windows. Using light trapping structures in DSSCs shows the potential to improve solar to electrical conversion efficiency. In this work, different pyramid-patterned titanium dioxide (TiO2) geometries are designed to enhance the photon absorption in DSSCs, and characterised using a Monte-Carlo algorithm based 3D ray-tracing simulation. Various studies were carried out under average irradiation, spectrum dependent irradiation and different solar incidental angles, respectively. The simulation results at the average irradiation wavelength (540 nm) were compared to those from a previous study using Scanning Photocurrent Microscopy (SPCM) and a reasonable agreement has been achieved. It was found that the structure based on the pyramid array of side wall angle 54.7° can significantly enhance light absorption by up to ~25% and the maximum achievable photocurrent density (MAPD) by up to ~45% across the spectrum of 380–800 nm, when compared to a planar control counterpart.
Appropriate technology and ethical obligations of the university: W.E.B. Du Bois on the Africana university mission (2017)

Working on the Encyclopedia Africana under the sponsorship of Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana, W.E.B. Du Bois reversed his conviction that only the ‘talented tenth’ could profit from a university education. He proposed that virtually all humans have a right to a university education. He further insisted that Africana (African and African in the Diaspora) universities are ethically obligated and uniquely positioned to spearhead a movement to train students to become professionals who solve problems community members are unable to solve for themselves. Africana universities can, with the aid of appropriate technology and service learning, take the steps necessary to achieve Du Bois’s vision. In this paper, we present a practical account of how universities may work with local communities to determine the questions to research and then deploy appropriate technologies through community-based but student-driven service learning projects. Our hypothesis is that students can become community leaders of tomorrow by partnering with community members to solve theoretical issues and practical problems of their communities. As university graduates inspired by Du Bois’s vision for Africana universities, their mission will be to establish alumni communities of learning that transfer problem-solving skills to community members who do not yet have access to university education.