gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Corneal GlcNAc 6-O-Sulfotransferase and Mouse Intestinal GlcNAc 6-O-Sulfotransferase Both Produce Keratan Sulfate (2001)

Human corneal N-acetylglucosamine 6-O-sulfotransferase (hCGn6ST) has been identified by the positional candidate approach as the gene responsible for macular corneal dystrophy (MCD). Because of its high homology to carbohydrate sulfotransferases and the presence of mutations of this gene in MCD patients who lack sulfated keratan sulfate in the cornea and serum, hCGn6ST protein is thought to be a sulfotransferase that catalyzes sulfation of GlcNAc in keratan sulfate. In this report, we analyzed the enzymatic activity of hCGn6ST by expressing it in cultured cells. A lysate prepared from HeLa cells transfected with an intact form of hCGn6ST cDNA or culture medium from cells transfected with a secreted form of hCGn6ST cDNA showed an activity of transferring sulfate to C-6 of GlcNAc of synthetic oligosaccharide substrates in vitro. When hCGn6ST was expressed together with human keratan sulfate Gal-6-sulfotransferase (hKSG6ST), HeLa cells produced highly sulfated carbohydrate detected by an anti-keratan sulfate antibody 5D4. These results indicate that hCGn6ST transfers sulfate to C-6 of GlcNAc in keratan sulfate. Amino acid substitutions in hCGn6ST identical to changes resulting from missense mutations found in MCD patients abolished enzymatic activity. Moreover, mouse intestinal GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase had the same activity as hCGn6ST. This observation suggests that mouse intestinal GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase is the orthologue of hCGn6ST and functions as a sulfotransferase to produce keratan sulfate in the cornea.
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Imaging of Slab Gels for Lifetime Base-Calling in DNA Sequencing Applications (2000)

A compact time-resolved near-IR fluorescence imager was constructed to obtain lifetime and intensity images of DNA sequencing slab gels. The scanner consisted of a microscope body with f/1.2 relay optics onto which was mounted a pulsed diode laser (repetition rate 80 MHz, lasing wavelength 680 nm, average power 5 mW), filtering optics, and a large photoactive area (diameter 500 microns) single-photon avalanche diode that was actively quenched to provide a large dynamic operating range. The time-resolved data were processed using electronics configured in a conventional time-correlated single-photon-counting format with all of the counting hardware situated on a PC card resident on the computer bus. The microscope head produced a timing response of 450 ps (fwhm) in a scanning mode, allowing the measurement of subnano-second lifetimes. The time-resolved microscope head was placed in an automated DNA sequencer and translated across a 21-cm-wide gel plate in approximately 6 s (scan rate 3.5 cm/s) with an accumulation time per pixel of 10 ms. The sampling frequency was 0.17 Hz (duty cycle 0.0017), sufficient to prevent signal aliasing during the electrophoresis separation. Software (written in Visual Basic) allowed acquisition of both the intensity image and lifetime analysis of DNA bands migrating through the gel in real time. Using a dual-labeling (IRD700 and Cy5.5 labeling dyes)/two-lane sequencing strategy, we successfully read 670 bases of a control M13mp18 ssDNA template using lifetime identification. Comparison of the reconstructed sequence with the known sequence of the phage indicated the number of miscalls was only 2, producing an error rate of approximately 0.3% (identification accuracy 99.7%). The lifetimes were calculated using maximum likelihood estimators and allowed on-line determinations with high precision, even when short integration times were used to construct the decay profiles. Comparison of the lifetime base calling to a single-dye/four-lane sequencing strategy indicated similar results in terms of miscalls, but reduced insertion and deletion errors using lifetime identification methods, improving the overall read accuracy.
Aligning the CMS muon chambers with the muon alignment system during an extended cosmic ray run (2010)

MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC(Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
Challenges and opportunities for EPL and EUVL masks (2001)

As the semiconductor industry is continuing to stay on the path laid by Moore's, law, challenges in the technology development are on the rise. For the transition from optical lithography to next generation lithography for sub 100 nm nodes, masks are considered to be high risk. Mask issues are not only critical to the NGL technologies--such as Extreme Ultra Violet lithography (EUVL). E-beam Projection Lithography (EPL). Ion projection lithography and X-ray lithography--but also to the extension of optical lithography using 193 and 157 nm wavelengths. The paper addresses the details and progress made on fabrication of EPL and EUVL masks in recent years, highlighting the challenges such as manufacturability, defect control, inspection and repair.
Deletion of HIF-2α in the enterocytes decreases the severity of tissue iron loading in hepcidin knockout mice (2011)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a highly prevalent genetic disorder characterized by excessive parenchymal iron accumulation leading to liver cirrhosis, diabetes, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma. HH is caused by mutations in the genes encoding upstream regulators of hepcidin or more rarely in the hepcidin gene itself. A deficit in hepcidin results in intestinal iron hyperabsorption; however, the local effectors mediating the up-regulation of iron absorption genes are unknown. We hypothesized that HIF-2 could mediate high iron absorption rates in HH. We generated Hepc(-/-) mice (a murine model of hemochromatosis) lacking HIF-2 in the intestine and showed that duodenal HIF-2 was essential for the up-regulation of genes involved in intestinal iron import and the consequent iron accumulation in the liver and pancreas. This study highlights a role of HIF-2 in the dysregulation of iron absorption and chronic iron accumulation, as observed in patients with hemochromatosis.
KCAD (2016)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) uses Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) (e.g., 3D Printers) that are vulnerable to kinetic cyber-attacks. Kinetic cyber-attacks cause physical damage to the system from the cyber domain. In AM, kinetic cyber-attacks are realized by introducing flaws in the design of the 3D objects. These flaws may eventually compromise the structural integrity of the printed objects. In CPS, researchers have designed various attack detection method to detect the attacks on the integrity of the system. However, in AM, attack detection method is in its infancy. Moreover, analog emissions (such as acoustics, electromagnetic emissions, etc.) from the side-channels of AM have not been fully considered as a parameter for attack detection. To aid the security research in AM, this paper presents a novel attack detection method that is able to detect zero-day kinetic cyber-attacks on AM by identifying anomalous analog emissions which arise as an outcome of the attack. This is achieved by statistically estimating functions that map the relation between the analog emissions and the corresponding cyber domain data (such as G-code) to model the behavior of the system. Our method has been tested to detect potential zero-day kinetic cyber-attacks in fused deposition modeling based AM. These attacks can physically manifest to change various parameters of the 3D object, such as speed, dimension, and movement axis. Accuracy, defined as the capability of our method to detect the range of variations introduced to these parameters as a result of kinetic cyber-attacks, is 77.45%.
Polymeric Reagents. Preparation of Resins Containing Polyvinylperbenzoic Acid Units (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymeric Reagents. Preparation of Resins Containing Polyvinylperbenzoic Acid UnitsJean M. J. Fréchet and Kazi E. HaqueCite this: Macromolecules 1975, 8, 2, 130–134Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60044a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60044a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differentially Private Synthetic Data: Applied Evaluations and Enhancements (2020)

Machine learning practitioners frequently seek to leverage the most informative available data, without violating the data owner's privacy, when building predictive models. Differentially private data synthesis protects personal details from exposure, and allows for the training of differentially private machine learning models on privately generated datasets. But how can we effectively assess the efficacy of differentially private synthetic data? In this paper, we survey four differentially private generative adversarial networks for data synthesis. We evaluate each of them at scale on five standard tabular datasets, and in two applied industry scenarios. We benchmark with novel metrics from recent literature and other standard machine learning tools. Our results suggest some synthesizers are more applicable for different privacy budgets, and we further demonstrate complicating domain-based tradeoffs in selecting an approach. We offer experimental learning on applied machine learning scenarios with private internal data to researchers and practioners alike. In addition, we propose QUAIL, an ensemble-based modeling approach to generating synthetic data. We examine QUAIL's tradeoffs, and note circumstances in which it outperforms baseline differentially private supervised learning models under the same budget constraint.
New Interpretation of the Soft-X-Ray Absorption Spectra of Several Alkali Halides (1974)

New pseudopotential calculations of the densities of states of trigonal Se and Te (in excellent agreement with recent photoemission measurements) are used to show that two easily resolved peaks in the photoemission data are directly related to interchain and intrachain bonding. This identification is accomplished by calculating electronic charge densities as a function of energy for different energy regions. Finally we introduce a new method for determining bonding charges by extracting short-wavelength components of the electronic charge density.
Single Photon Turnstile Device (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text O. Benson, J. Kim, C. Santori, and Y. Yamamoto, "Single Photon Turnstile Device," in Integrated Photonics Research, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper RMC1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of New Wortmannin Esters: Potent Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-Resolution In Vivo Molecular Imaging (2016)

A fundamental limitation in all visible-light molecular-imaging systems has been the strong scattering of light in biological tissues, which has limited molecular imaging to superficially thin tissue slices, exposed surfaces, or diffuse, blurry images of whole animals. This year, our group outlined a process for using thin sheets of ionizing radiation to induce optical Cherenkov light excitation in thick scattering media, converting the thick-tissue imaging problem into a linear inversion that provides high-resolution localization of molecular signals from inside the animal.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Dithia[5]helicenes and their Postsynthetic Functionalization to Access Dithia[9]helicenes (2021)

Abstract A highly enantioselective synthesis of 5,13‐disubstituted dibenzo[ d , d ′]benzo[1,2‐ b :4,3‐ b ′]dithiophenes is reported. Key for the successful assembly of these helical architectures is the last two successive Au‐catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroarylation events. Specifically, the second cyclization is the enantiodetermining step of the whole process and provides the desired helicenes with excellent ee values when a TADDOL‐derived 1,2,3‐(triazolium)phosphonite moiety (TADDOL: α,α,α′,α′‐tetraaryl‐1,3‐dioxolane‐4,5‐dimethanol) is employed as an ancillary ligand. The absolute stereochemistry of the newly prepared structures has been determined by X‐ray crystallography to be P ; the optical properties of these heterohelicenes are also reported. A three‐step procedure was subsequently developed that allows the transformation of the initially obtained dithia[5]helicenes into dithia[9]helicenes without erosion of the enantiopurity.
A general synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans by intramolecular conjugate addition (1987)

ortho Iodophenoxy crotonates 3e–7e cyclize to dihydrobenzo[b]furans 1 and 9–12 when subjected to lithium–iodine exchange at −100 °C. Naphtho[2,1-b]furan 13 can be similarly obtained from α-iodonaphthoxy crotonate 8e. Methylation of this reaction mixture insitu provides a single diastereomer 14; its relative configuration is assigned by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance, and its formation rationalized by steric arguments. Diastereoselective deuteration is also observed in this case.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Alkylation of Chiral Derivatives of Acetoacetic Acid. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Decrease in the Allergenicity of Japanese Cedar Pollen Allergen by Treatment with Positive and Negative Cluster Ions (2006)

Ion irradiation resulted in a remarkable decrease in in vitro and in vivo allergenicities of atomized Japanese cedar pollen extracts.
Solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes utilizing electroluminescent perylene tetraester-based columnar liquid crystals (2022)

Herein, we reveal a homologous series of liquid crystals involving perylene tetraesters as the core connected to the four trialkoxyphenyl units at the periphery using the triazole moiety as the linker. A thorough analysis using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies confirm that all the mesogens 1a-c hold a stable enantiotropic columnar mesophase. Suitable molecular orbital levels and excellent material photophysical and thermal properties encouraged the study of their electroluminescent properties. Due to this, a well designed solution-processable organic light emitting diode device structure is configured as ITO (125 nm)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) (35 nm)/host: <i>x</i> wt% emitter (<i>x</i> = 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0) (20 nm)/2,2'2''-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)tris(1-phenyl-1-<i>H</i>-benzimidazole) (TPBi) (40 nm)/lithium fluoride (LiF) (1 nm)/aluminium (Al) (200 nm) using compounds 1a-c as emitters. 4,4',4''-Tris[phenyl(<i>m</i>-tolyl)amino]triphenylamine (<i>m</i>-MTDATA) and 4,4'-bis(<i>N</i>-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) were chosen as two different host materials. The current density-voltage-luminance and current efficacy-luminance-power efficacy plots suggest that <i>m</i>-MTDATA is a better host than CBP. Amongst, device based on 1 wt% emitter 1c doped in the <i>m</i>-MTDATA host matrix displayed the best performance, with a maximum power efficacy of 17.2 lm W<sup>-1</sup>, current efficacy of 18.5 cd A<sup>-1</sup>, and external quantum efficiency of 6.3%.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of collagen crosslinking: non-invasive and in situ evaluation of corneal stiffness (2015)

Collagen is a long fibrous structural protein that imparts mechanical support, strength and elasticity to many tissues. The state of the tissue mechanical environment is related to tissue physiology, disease and function. In the cornea, the collagen network is responsible for its shape and clarity; disruption of this network results in degradation of visual acuity, for example in the keratoconus eye disease. The objective of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of using the endogenous fluorescence of collagen crosslinks to evaluate variations in the mechanical state of tissue, in particular, the stiffness of cornea in response to different degrees of photo-crosslinking or RGX treatment—a novel keratoconus treatment. After removing the epithelium, rabbit corneas were stained with Rose Bengal and then irradiated with a 532 nm solid-state laser. Analysis of the excitation spectra obtained by fluorescence spectroscopy shows a correlation between the fluorescence intensity at 370/460 nm excitation/emission wavelengths and the mechanical properties. In principle, it may be feasible to use the endogenous fluorescence of collagen crosslinks to evaluate the mechanical stiffness of cornea non-invasively and in situ.
Architecture Exploration for HLS-Oriented FPGA Debug Overlays (2018)

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) promises improved designer productivity, but requires a debug ecosystem that allows designers to debug in the context of the original source code. Recent work has presented in-system debug frameworks where instrumentation added to the design collects trace data as the circuit runs, and a software tool that allows the user to replay the execution using the captured data. When searching for the root cause of a bug, the designer may need to modify the instrumentation to collect data from a new part of the design, requiring a lengthy recompile.
Solute leakage from susceptible and tolerant cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris following ozone exposure (1982)

The leakage of total electrolytes, potassium, calcium, sugars, and amino acids from primary leaf discs of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Seafarer (ozone susceptible) and cv. Goldcrop (ozone tolerant) was monitored following exposure to 40 parts per hundred million (pphm) ozone for 4 h. Significant differences in cultivar response were not detected until 24 h after exposure. At that time, leakage from cv. Seafarer leaves was 220% for total electrolytes, 230% for calcium, 260% for potassium and sugars, and 400% for amino acids relative to controls, whereas the leakage from cv. Goldcrop leaves remained at control levels. The water-soluble sugar and free amino acid content of a leaf homogenate also increased at the 24-h sampling time. These accumulations may result from a reduced rate of phloem translocation. Rates of leakage and leaf-solute contents returned to control levels by 48 and 72 h after exposure.Kinetic analysis of solute efflux from leaf discs sampled from both cultivars immediately after ozone exposure indicated that these leaves contained an increased quantity of solutes which could be rapidly leached within 0.5 h. However, the subsequent linear rate of leakage between 0.5 and 4 h did not increase except in leaf discs sampled from cv. Seafarer 24 h after exposure. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of ozone injury in cv. Seafarer and the basis of ozone tolerance in the cv. Goldcrop.
Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of 3D-Printed Tissue Mimicking Materials and Metrics to Determine the Best Printed Material Match to Tissue Mechanical Behavior (2022)

3D-printed biomaterials have become ubiquitous for clinical applications including tissue-mimicking surgical/procedure planning models and implantable tissue engineering scaffolds. In each case, a fundamental hypothesis is that printed material mechanical properties should match those of the tissue being replaced or modeled as closely as possible. Evaluating these hypotheses requires 1) consistent nonlinear elastic/viscoelastic constitutive model fits of 3D-printed biomaterials and tissues and 2) metrics to determine how well 3D-printed biomaterial mechanical properties match a corresponding tissue. Here we utilize inverse finite element modeling to fit nonlinear viscoelastic models with Neo-Hookean kernels to 29 Polyjet 3D-printed tissue-mimicking materials. We demonstrate that the viscoelastic models fit well with R 2 &amp;gt; 0.95. We also introduce three metrics ( least-squares difference, Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics, and the area under stress/strain or load/displacement curve) to compare printed material properties to tissue properties. All metrics showed lower values for better matches between 3D-printed materials and tissues. These results provide a template for comparing 3D-printed material mechanical properties to tissue mechanical properties, and therefore, a basis for testing the fundamental hypotheses of 3D-printed tissue-mimicking materials.
Retinoid Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases (2006)

Retinoid is a collective term for compounds which bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, beta, gamma and RXRalpha, beta, gamma), members of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. The most important endogeneous retinoid is all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) which is an RARalpha, beta and gamma ligand. ATRA and its mimics have been in clinical use for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and some skin diseases. Many synthetic retinoids have been developed and attempts to improve their medicinal properties have been made. Among them, tamibarotene (Am80) is an RARalpha- and RARbeta-specific (but RARgamma- and RXRs-nonbinding) synthetic retinoid that is effective in the treatment of psoriasis patients and relapsed APL. Experimentally, this compound is also active in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. On this background, possible application of retinoids for the treatment of autoimmune diseases was discussed. In particular, Th1 dominant autoimmune diseases may be the targets of the retinoids.