gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Simulation of the Formation of Platinum-Particles on Alumina Nanoparticles in a Spray Flame Experiment (2020)

Platinum decorated alumina particles have the potential of being a highly (cost-)effective catalyst. The particles are synthesized from platinum(II) acetylacetonate dissolved in a mixture of isopropanol and acetic acid with dispersed alumina carriers. The process is simulated by means of large eddy simulation with reaction kinetics and aerosol dynamics modeling. A two mixture fraction approach for tabulated chemistry with a thickened flame model is used to consider the complex reaction kinetics of the solvent spray combustion. Diffusion is described followings Ficks law with a unity Lewis number for the gas phase species, whereas the particle diffusion coefficients are calculated according to the kinetic theory. An extended model for aerosol dynamics, capable of predicting deposition rate and surface particle growth, is derived from the classical sectional technique. The simulations are compared and validated with product particle characteristics obtained from the experimental observations. Distributions for different locations within the simulation domain show the evolution of particle sizes deposited on the alumina particle surface, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the composite particles are shown in comparison to 3D particles ballistically reconstructed from simulation data. The ratio of deposited platinum on the alumina carrier particles and the mean diameters of the deposited particles are in good agreement with the experimental observation. Overall, the new method has demonstrated to be suitable for simulating the particle decoration process.
Outdoor 5G Radio Access Experiments on Downlink Distributed MIMO Separation Distance with Beamforming in 28 GHz Frequency Band (2018)

Based on a 5G cellular radio access system, this paper presents experimental results of line-of-sight (LoS) outdoor field measurements clarifying the 4-by-8 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) throughput performance when applying distributed MIMO with narrow antenna-beam tracking in the 28-GHz frequency band in the downlink. To investigate the influence of the separation distance between distributed transmission points (TPs), deployments of distributed MIMO with various TP separation distances from 0.115 m to 20 m are investigated. The throughput and average rank selectivity increases throughout the area as the separation distance increases indicating that the channel correlation decreases as the distance increases. When the separation distance is 20 m, throughput performance exceeding 11 Gbps is observed with a high average rank of nearly 4. For the distributed MIMO gain in terms of throughput, the throughput gain of 50% is confirmed in the downlink at the cumulative distribution function of 60% compared to that without separation. In addition, the degree of additional improvement in the throughput performance is smaller when the distance between TPs becomes greater than 4 m, indicating that 4 m is sufficient to support a 100 m LoS distance with good throughput performance.
High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells with Long Operating Lifetimes (2011)

Organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells comprising poly[N-9'-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2', 1',3'-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT) are systematically aged and demonstrate lifetimes approaching seven years, which is the longest reported lifetime for polymer solar cells. An experimental set-up is described that is capable of testing large numbers of solar cells, holding each device at its maximum power point while controlling and monitoring the temper­ature and light intensity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Ventricular Septal Defect in Infants and Children (1958)

Now that ventricular septal defect is amenable to surgical repair it is most important to define the indications for surgical intervention. In this paper the natural history of the disease and its clinical and physiologic characteristics are carefully detailed. These observations permit better recognition and understanding of the condition and offer a basis for comparison with results after surgery.
Diels–Alder modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐anthracene‐2,6‐carboxylate) with N‐substituted maleimides (2002)

Abstract Dimethyl 2,6‐anthracene dicarboxylate is used as a comonomer in the synthesis of functional copolymers that are subject to modification with Diels–Alder reactions. The formation of poly(ethylene terephthalate‐ co ‐2,6‐anthracenate), containing less than 20 mol % of the anthracene‐2,6‐dicarboxylate structural units, provides materials that are tractable and soluble. The anthracene units of the copolymers undergo Diels–Alder reactions with N ‐substituted maleimides. The grafting of N ‐alkylmaleimides affords soluble, hydrophobic polymers, whereas grafting with maleimide‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) affords hydrophilic polymers. Because this reaction proceeds below the melting point of the copolymers, the procedure can be applied to thin films, whereby the surface properties are modified. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3256–3263, 2002
Incisional Corporoplasty for the Correction of Peyronie’s Disease Caused Penile Curvature (2007)

Shortening the convex part of the corpora cavernosa for the treatment of penile curvatures was recommended more than 150 yr ago. Almost a century later, the surgical technique for straightening congenital penile curvatures by removing ellipsoid wedges from the convex side of the tunica albuginea, known as the Nesbit corporoplasty, was described. The modified corporoplasty described in this chapter was developed for achieving a straight and smooth penile shaft after the repair. This technique also is based on the principle of shortening the convex part of the corpora cavernosa, but without removing segments from the tunica albuginea and without dissection of the neurovascular bundle and its mobilization. In this technique, the longitudinal incisions done to the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa are closed horizontally for shortening the convex part. Then, the bulges at the ends of the closure lines are buried with inverting sutures to smooth the penile shaft. This easily learned and performed technique can be used in most patients with Peyronie’s disease who have a reasonable penile length for achieving excellent cosmetic and functional results.
Conjugated Carbon Monolayer Membranes: Methods for Synthesis and Integration (2010)

Monolayer membranes of conjugated carbon represent a class of nanomaterial with demonstrated uses in various areas of electronics, ranging from transparent, flexible, and stretchable thin film conductors, to semiconducting materials in moderate and high-performance field-effect transistors. Although graphene represents the most prominent example, many other more structurally and chemically diverse systems are also of interest. This article provides a review of demonstrated synthetic and integration strategies, and speculates on future directions for the field.
Influenza vaccines (2008)

Influenza viruses pose a major challenge to those concerned with global public health. Not only do influenza viruses cause yearly epidemics that are associated with slight changes in viral antigenicity, but occasionally new viruses cross from animal reservoirs into humans causing major pandemics. The most effective method to lower the mortality and morbidity associated with influenza is vaccination. In this review current and pending influenza vaccine technologies will be discussed in the context of both epidemic and pandemic influenza.
Photooxidative Generation of Dodecaborate-Based Weakly Coordinating Anions (2019)

Redox-active proanions of the type B<sub>12</sub>(OCH<sub>2</sub>Ar)<sub>12</sub> [Ar = C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub> (<b>1</b>), 4-CF<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (<b>2</b>), 3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub> (<b>3</b>)] are introduced in the context of an experimental and computational study of the visible-light-initiated polymerization of a family of styrenes. Neutral, air-stable proanions <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> were found to initiate styrene polymerization through single-electron oxidation under blue-light irradiation, resulting in polymers with number-average molecular weights (<i>M</i><sub>n</sub>) ranging from ∼6 to 100 kDa. Shorter polymer products were observed in the majority of experiments, except in the case of monomers containing 4-X (X = F, Cl, Br) substituents on the styrene monomer when polymerized in the presence of <b>1</b> in CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>. Only under these specific conditions are longer polymers (>100 kDa) observed, strongly supporting the formulation that reaction conditions significantly modulate the degree of ion pairing between the dodecaborate anion and cationic chain end. This also suggests that <b>1</b>-<b>3</b> behave as weakly coordinating anions (WCA) upon one-electron reduction because no incorporation of the cluster-based photoinitiators is observed in the polymeric products analyzed. Overall, this work is a conceptual realization of a single reagent that can serve as a strong photooxidant, subsequently forming a WCA.
Chemically amplified fullerene resists for e-beam lithography (2008)

The minimum lithographic feature size for microelectronic fabrication continues to shrink, and resist properties are beginning to dominate the achievable resolution. There is a strong need for a high resolution, high sensitivity resist for future nodes that is not met by conventional polymeric resists at this time. Molecular resists, such as fullerene derivatives have the potential for lower LWR and improved resolution, but have typically been insufficiently sensitive to irradiation. Here we present a fullerene based three component chemically amplified resist system with high resolution and sensitivity, and wide process latitude. The sensitivity of this resist is between 5 and 10 &mu;C/cm2 at 20 keV for various combinations of post application bake and post exposure bake conditions. Using 30 keV electron beam exposure, sparse patterns with 12 nm resolution were demonstrated, at a line dose of 300 pC/cm, whilst dense patterns with half-pitch 20 nm were achieved at 200 pC/cm. The LWR for the densely patterned resist (measured at 20 nm half pitch) is ~ 4.4 nm, whilst for the 12 nm sparse feature the measured LWR is ~ 2.5 nm. The etch durability is comparable with commercial novolac resists
A Novel Germ Line-specific Gene of the Phosducin-like Protein (PhLP) Family (2003)

We identified a new member of the phosducin-like (PhLP) protein family that is predominantly, if not exclusively, expressed in male and female germ cells. In situ analysis on testis sections and analysis of purified spermatogenic cell fractions evidenced a stage-specific expression with high levels of RNA and protein in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Three mRNA species were detected, which correspond to different polyadenylation sites and vary in abundance during germ cell maturation. Only low levels of RNA were detected in whole ovary extracts, but expression of the protein became detectable within hours after hormonal induction of superovulation. The gene (Mgcphlp) is located on mouse chromosome 5 in the immediate vicinity of the Clock locus. The predicted amino acid sequence shows extensive similarities not only with the known mammalian PhLP proteins but also with the yeast phosducin-like protein Plp2, required for the production and growth of haploid cells. Expression of the murine protein was found to complement the defect of a yeast plp2 Delta mutant. We propose that MgcPhLP/Plp2 proteins exert a function in germ cell maturation that is conserved from yeast to mammals.
Low-Loss and Large-Aeff Multi-core Fiber for SNR Enhancement (2012)

We designed and fabricated a low-crosstalk seven-core fiber with losses up to 0.17 dB/km and effective areas larger than 120 μm2, and show improved performance in signal-to-noise ratio of each core of the fiber in existence of the crosstalk.
Lattice-based modelling of thesauri. (2008)

Abstract. This paper revisits ideas about the use of lattices as underlying conceptual structures in information retrieval and machine translation as suggested by researchers in the 1950s and 1960s. It describes how these ideas were originally presented, how they are related to each other and how they are represented in modern research, particularly with respect to Formal Concept Analysis. 1
ChemInform Abstract: THE TRAPPING OF SULFENIC ACIDS FROM PENICILLIN SULFOXIDES. ARYL MERCAPTANS (1985)

Abstract Beim Abfangen der mit den Penicillin‐sulfoxiden (I) im Gleichgewicht vorliegenden Sulfensäuren (II) mit den Arylthiolen (III) bilden sich in relativ langsamer Reaktion die Disulfide (IV) und (V).
Degradation and time dependent breakdown of stressed ferromagnetic tunnel junctions (2001)

Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions are very sensitive to degradation and breakdown, due to the ultrathin (∼1 nm) tunnel barrier. When the junction is stressed with a constant current or voltage, a conductance change of the tunnel junction is observed. Sufficiently high stress will lead to breakdown of the junction. As in SiO2 gate oxide reliability studies, the Weibull distribution plot can be obtained from the time to breakdown data. The dependence of the Weibull function on the area and the stress conditions is studied for the Al2O3 barrier of the tunnel junctions. This is the first step of a systematic study of reliability, which is an important issue for the use of tunnel junctions in, e.g., magnetic random access memory applications.
Role of oxygen vacancies in Cr-doped SrTiO3 for resistance-change memory (2007)

Transition-metal oxides exhibiting a bistable resistance state are attractive for non-volatile memory applications. The relevance of oxygen vacancies (VO) for the resistance-change memory was investigated with x-ray fluorescence, infrared microscopy, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy using Cr-doped SrTiO3 as example. We propose that the microscopic origin of resistance switching in this class of materials is due to an oxygen-vacancy drift occurring in close proximity to one of the electrodes.
Some New Smectic F Materials (1978)

Abstract In the course of studies on the smectic C phase, we have succeeded in preparing three new compounds each of which exhibits a well defined smectic F phase. In all of these materials, the F phase gives a smectic C phase on heating and a smectic H phase on cooling. Moreover, these three compounds are members of two related homologous series of esters; therefore it seems probable that many more of the other homologues will exhibit smectic F properties.
Apple, Integrated Test, 1975 (1976)

Abstract Several insecticide-acaricide programs were evaluated for insect control, mite suppression, and influence on the predator, Stethoruspunctum. Sprays were applied to 4-tree plots in a randomized block design with each plot consisting of a York Imperial, Red Delicious, Jonathan, and Stayman Winesap. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Treated plots were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Treatments were applied as 6X concentrates with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gpa/alternate side spray driven at 2 mph. Spray dates for insecticides-fungicides were: May 20 and 27; June 4, 11, 18 and 25; July 2, 9, 16, 23 and 30; August 7, 13, 20 and 27; and September 3. Polyram 80W, 2.0 lb/acre and sulfur 95W, 1.5 lb/acre were applied to all plots except the Dikar plot from May 20 to June 11; captan 50W, 1.5 lb/acre and sulfur at the same rate above were applied from June 18 to July 16; and captan by itself at the above rate was applied after July 16. Zolone 25W, 10 oz/acre was substituted for the rate listed in all plots receiving the Guthion-Zolone combination except the Dikar plot from June 18 to July 30. Lannate 25W, 0.25 lb/acre was applied only on July 2, 9, 16 and 23; the rate was changed to 0.5 lb/acre on July 30, August 7, 13, 20 and 27. Thiodan 50W, 1.0 lb/acre was applied on June 18 and 25 to all plots. Plictran 50W, 2 oz/acre was applied with the first 4 treatments on July 3 to stabilize the mite populations. Effectiveness of the treatments on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops from the variety Stayman Winesap after July 1 and a picked sample 14 days after the last spray. Apple samples averaged 121/replicate and 484/treatment. Effectiveness on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves/tree, 2 trees/replicate for both generations. Effectiveness of treatments on the European red mite was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 20 leaves/replicate (Stayman Winesap only), 80 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays on the predator S.punctum was evaluated by 3 minute counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees (Stayman Winesap and York Imperial). May 61.08°F, June 68.98° F, July 72.97° F, August 73.89° F, and September 61.13° F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 4.05, June 7.60, July 3.12, August 2.01 and September 13.8.
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Monocyclic and Bicyclic Secondary Diorganozinc Reagents with Defined Configuration (2000)

Configurationally stable secondary diorganozinc reagents with three adjacent stereocenters can be prepared with high diastereoselectivity by a reaction sequence comprising a substrate-controlled hydroboration and a boron–zinc exchange (see scheme). After a second transmetalation numerous cyclic products are accessible by reaction with various electrophiles.
Electron–phonon coupling in hybrid lead halide perovskites (2016)

Phonon scattering limits charge-carrier mobilities and governs emission line broadening in hybrid metal halide perovskites. Establishing how charge carriers interact with phonons in these materials is therefore essential for the development of high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics and low-cost lasers. Here we investigate the temperature dependence of emission line broadening in the four commonly studied formamidinium and methylammonium perovskites, HC(NH2)2PbI3, HC(NH2)2PbBr3, CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3, and discover that scattering from longitudinal optical phonons via the Fröhlich interaction is the dominant source of electron-phonon coupling near room temperature, with scattering off acoustic phonons negligible. We determine energies for the interacting longitudinal optical phonon modes to be 11.5 and 15.3 meV, and Fröhlich coupling constants of ∼40 and 60 meV for the lead iodide and bromide perovskites, respectively. Our findings correlate well with first-principles calculations based on many-body perturbation theory, which underlines the suitability of an electronic band-structure picture for describing charge carriers in hybrid perovskites.
Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Signaling Prevents ECM Remodeling, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Ocular Hypertension in Steroid-induced Glaucoma (2017)

Purpose: Ocular hypertension is a serious side effect of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the trabecular meshwork (TM) is associated with GC-induced ocular hypertension. In the present study, we examined the role of TGFβ2 signaling in dexamethasone (Dex)-induced ECM remodeling, ER stress and ocular hypertension.\nMethods: Conscious IOP and outflow facility was measured in C57 mice treated with vehicle or Dex eye drops up to 7-weeks. TGFβ2 &amp; fibronectin levels in the aqueous humor (AH) were analyzed by Western blotting. Effect of inhibition of TGFβ signaling on Dex-induced ER stress and ECM accumulation was examined by Western blot, immunostaining &amp; Smad reporter assay in TM cells treated with or without TGFβ signaling inhibitors (SIS3 and LY364947). To further examine the role of TGF-β2 signaling, IOP, ECM and ER stress was examined in WT or Smad3-/- mice treated with Dex.\nResults: Dexamethasone (Dex) mediated reduction of outflow facility and IOP elevation is associated with increased abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the TM, inducing ER stress. Biochemical analysis of the aqueous humor samples from Dex-treated eyes revealed significantly increased bioactive form of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), a major regulator of ECM in the TM. Dex treatment increased both precursor and bioactive form of TGF-β2 in the conditioned medium and activated TGF-β2-induced Smad signaling pathway in primary human TM cells as evident from increased phosphorylation of Smad3 and increased Smad luciferase activity. Inhibition of TGF-β2 signaling significantly reduced Dex-induced abnormal intracellular ECM accumulation and ER stress in human TM cells. Smad3-/- mice, which are required for TGF-β2 signaling, protected from Dex-induced ocular hypertension, ER stress and abnormal ECM accumulation further indicating the role of TGF-β2 signaling in GC-induced glaucoma. Interestingly, knock out of ER stress-induced transcriptional factors, ATF4 and CHOP prevented activation of TGF-β2 signaling and also reduced intracellular ECM accumulation in the TM, thus preventing Dex-induced ER stress and IOP elevation.\nConclusions: These studies indicate that Dex-induced TGF-β2 signaling is responsible for ECM remodeling, ER stress and elevation of IOP in GC-induced glaucoma.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Efficient Payload Delivery by a Bispecific Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting HER2 and CD63 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Binding of bsHER2xCD63his to SK-OV-3 cells&lt;/p&gt;
3403 Surface Potential on Air Bearing of Magnetic Head Slider with Thermal Actuator for Flying Height Control (2007)

To achieve an ultra-low flying height in magnetic head sliders for next-generation hard disk drives, we are developing an individual and in-situ technique to adjust flying height by using a built-in thermal actuator to compensate for flying-height deviations and variations. A reliability-related issue associated with the actuator is the electric discharge between the head and the disk. We evaluated the surface potential on the air bearing of the slider by using an atomic force microscope with a conductive tip developed for scanning probe lithography. If the heater is sufficiently isolated, less than 1% of the applied voltage can be measured on the air-bearing surface. However, the sample with an electrical shortage between the heater and another metal structure exhibited high potential on the air-bearing surface, which suggests that isolating the heater is important.