gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bausteine von Oligosacchariden, LIII Synthese von 3‐Desoxy‐D‐manno‐2‐octulosonsäure‐(KDO‐)‐haltigen Trisacchariden (1984)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung des aus zwei Glucosamin‐Einheiten bestehenden Disaccharides 9 mit dem Pyranosylbromid der 3‐Desoxy‐ D ‐ manno ‐2‐octulosonsäure (KDO) 11 sind die KDO‐haltigen Trisaccharide 12 und 14 zu erhalten, von denen das α‐glycosidisch verknüpfte Produkt 12 sehr stark überwiegt. Durch eine Entblockierungssequenz ist aus 12 das freie Trisaccharid α‐KDO‐(2→3)‐β‐ D ‐GlcNAc‐(1→6)‐ D ‐GlcNAc 18 zu gewinne. Die Zuordnung zur α‐glycosidischen Verknüpfung des KDO‐Teiles in 12 erfolgte durch Überführung von 19 in das Lacton 20 .
Preamble-based frequency-domain joint CFO and STO estimation for OQAM-based filter bank multicarrier (2014)

Abstract Filter bank multicarrier systems, similarly to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), are very sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO) and symbol timing offset (STO). In this paper, a low-complexity preamble-based joint CFO and STO technique is presented. It is based on a relatively long preamble in order to improve the CFO estimation performance as well as avoid interference coming from the data following this preamble. After CFO and STO correction, the preamble can be reused to estimate the channel. Unlike most current techniques, the CFO and STO estimation occurs in the frequency domain. This allows for a low-complexity estimation with respect to time-domain techniques and, as will be shown by simulations, provide even better performance in a reasonable range. The drawback however is that the estimation range is shorter. Specifically, for large STOs (and to a smaller extent large CFOs), the performance decreases below time-domain estimations. Two versions of the STO estimation technique will be presented, the second one being an approximation of the first one, making it less complex yet also less precise. The performance is assessed by means of computer simulations, testing for both large and small STOs, and compared with existing techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition Reactions of 4‐Oxobutenamides. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hierarchical Bayesian myocardial perfusion quantification (2019)

Myocardial blood flow can be quantified from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images through the fitting of tracer-kinetic models to the observed imaging data. The use of multi-compartment exchange models is desirable as they are physiologically motivated and resolve directly for both blood flow and microvascular function. However, the parameter estimates obtained with such models can be unreliable. This is due to the complexity of the models relative to the observed data which is limited by the low signal-to-noise ratio, the temporal resolution, the length of the acquisitions and other complex imaging artefacts. In this work, a Bayesian inference scheme is proposed which allows the reliable estimation of the parameters of the two-compartment exchange model from myocardial perfusion MR data. The Bayesian scheme allows the incorporation of prior knowledge on the physiological ranges of the model parameters and facilitates the use of the additional information that neighbouring voxels are likely to have similar kinetic parameter values. Hierarchical priors are used to avoid making a priori assumptions on the health of the patients. We provide both a theoretical introduction to Bayesian inference for tracer-kinetic modelling and specific implementation details for this application. This approach is validated in both in silico and in vivo settings. In silico, there was a significant reduction in mean-squared error with the ground-truth parameters using Bayesian inference as compared to using the standard non-linear least squares fitting. When applied to patient data the Bayesian inference scheme returns parameter values that are in-line with those previously reported in the literature, as well as giving parameter maps that match the independant clinical diagnosis of those patients.
Discussion of Identification, Estimation and Approximation of Risk under Interventions that Depend on the Natural Value of Treatment Using Observational Data , by Jessica Young, Miguel Hernán, and James Robins (2014)

Young, Hernán, and Robins consider the mean outcome under a dynamic intervention that may rely on the natural value of treatment. They first identify this value with a statistical target parameter, and then show that this statistical target parameter can also be identified with a causal parameter which gives the mean outcome under a stochastic intervention. The authors then describe estimation strategies for these quantities. Here we augment the authors' insightful discussion by sharing our experiences in situations where two causal questions lead to the same statistical estimand, or the newer problem that arises in the study of data adaptive parameters, where two statistical estimands can lead to the same estimation problem. Given a statistical estimation problem, we encourage others to always use a robust estimation framework where the data generating distribution truly belongs to the statistical model. We close with a discussion of a framework which has these properties.
Charge Dynamics Electron Microscopy: Nanoscale Imaging of Femtosecond Plasma Dynamics (2023)

Understanding and actively controlling the spatiotemporal dynamics of nonequilibrium electron clouds is fundamental for the design of light and electron sources, high-power electronic devices, and plasma-based applications. However, electron clouds evolve in a complex collective fashion on the nanometer and femtosecond scales, producing electromagnetic screening that renders them inaccessible to existing optical probes. Here, we solve the long-standing challenge of characterizing the evolution of electron clouds generated upon irradiation of metallic structures using an ultrafast transmission electron microscope to record the charged plasma dynamics. Our approach to charge dynamics electron microscopy (CDEM) is based on the simultaneous detection of electron-beam acceleration and broadening with nanometer/femtosecond resolution. By combining experimental results with comprehensive microscopic theory, we provide a deep understanding of this highly out-of-equilibrium regime, including previously inaccessible intricate microscopic mechanisms of electron emission, screening by the metal, and collective cloud dynamics. Beyond the present specific demonstration, the here-introduced CDEM technique grants us access to a wide range of nonequilibrium electrodynamic phenomena involving the ultrafast evolution of bound and free charges on the nanoscale.
N-Bromosuccinimide-Dimethyl Sulfide (2001)

(NBS) [128-08-5] C4H4BrNO2 (MW 177.99) InChI = 1S/C4H4BrNO2/c5-6-3(7)1-2-4(6)8/h1-2H2 InChIKey = PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (DMS) [75-18-3] C2H6S (MW 62.13) InChI = 1S/C2H6S/c1-3-2/h1-2H3 InChIKey = QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (converts allylic and benzylic alcohols to bromides under neutral conditions;1 slowly converts primary alcohols to bromides;1 oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes or ketones2) Alternate Name: NBS–DMS. Physical Data: reagent is formed in situ. See entries for N‐Bromosuccinimide and Dimethyl Sulfide. Solubility: sol methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, toluene. Preparative Method: freshly prepared by dissolving N-bromosuccinimide (5.4 g, 30 mmol) in methylene chloride (100 mL) at 0 °C under argon and slowly adding excess dimethyl sulfide (2.23 g, 36 mmol). Stir the resultant yellow slurry for 1 h at 0 °C before use.3 Oxidation and bromide replacement reactions are typically carried out between −25 and 0 °C in methylene chloride. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: use protective clothing; use in a fume hood.
Sub-Hz relative linewidths from an interferometrically stabilized mid-infrared frequency comb (2023)

Frequency combs present a unique tool for high-precision and rapid molecular spectroscopy. Difference frequency generation (DFG) of near-infrared sources is a common approach to generate passively stabilized mid-infrared combs. However, only little attention has been paid so far to precisely measure the coherence properties of such sources. Here, we investigate these using a Raman-soliton based DFG source driven by an Yb:fiber frequency comb. A heterodyne beat between the second harmonic of the phase-locked DFG comb near 4 µm and a 2 µm Tm:fiber frequency comb locked to the same optical reference is performed. Using this method, we measure the relative phase noise power spectral density of both combs. This results in a sub-Hz relative linewidth between the DFG comb and the Tm:fiber comb. We also introduce a new pump/seed delay locking mechanism based on interferometry for long-term stable intensity noise suppression.
O-008 : Direct Antiviral Agents (DAAs) Use of Liver Transplant Recipients in Korea: Two-Center Experience (2017)

Aims: The proportion of liver recipients with HCV gradually increases in Korea. Limited data are available on the efficacy of direct antiviral agents (DAAs) in this patient population. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of DAAs in HCV-infected liver recipients.
Methods: Forty patients with HCV-infected patients received DAAs in the pore-transplant or post-transplant period from two centers between May 2015 and November 2016. The primary end point was sustained virologic response (SVR) at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. The Secondary outcomes included relapse after treatment and adverse events.
Results: Six patients received pretransplant period and 34 patients received posttransplant period. Dalastavir and Asunaprevis (n=2) and Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and ribvarin (n=4) were used in the pretransplant. HCV RNA in all patients was not detected before liver transplantation. SVR at 12 and 24 weeks after liver transplantation were 100%. In the post-transplant period, 33 patients received sofosfovir-based therapy except one patient. SVR at 12 weeks in those patients were 97.1%. Recurrent virologic relapse developed only one patient because of HCC recurrence. Adverse events were anemia (n=2) and abdominal discomfort (n=1).
Conclusions: Present study shows that sofosbuvir-based therapy is an effect and well-tolerated treatment for HCV-infected recipients in Korea.
Configurable and scalable belief propagation accelerator for computer vision (2016)

We demonstrate a novel FPGA-based accelerator architecture that can tackle a range of standard computer vision (CV) problems, with scalable performance and attractive speedups. The architecture relies on multiple pipelined processing elements (PEs) that can be configured to support various belief propagation (BP) settings for different CV tasks. Inside each PE, innovative implementation of Jump Flooding for efficient computation of BP solves the core configurability challenge. A novel block-parallel memory interface supports parallelization by distributing BP inference workloads across the PEs. Experimental results demonstrate that our accelerator achieves scalable performance with 11-41× speedup over standard sequential CPU implementations across a subset of well-known Middlebury and OpenGM benchmarks, with no compromise in quality of inference results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FPGA hardware implementation of BP capable of running a range of standard CV benchmarks with significant speedups.
13 Antibody-mediated neuropsychiatric lupus (2017)

<h3></h3> Neuropsychiatric lupus manifestations, especially the common disorders of mood and cognition, can be mediated by cytokines or by antibodies. In particular, a subset of anti-DNA antibodies has been shown to bind the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor. The antibodies preferentially bind the active configuration of the receptor, augmenting the effects of ligand binding. Meta-analysis has confirmed that high serum titers of these antibodies, present in 30%–40% of SLE patients, are associated with cognitive impairment. In a mouse model, antibody within the circulation is not harmful to the brain unless there is a breach in blood-brain barrier integrity. If there is an insult to the hippocampal vasculature, antibody gains access to hippocampal neurons and mediates tissue damage in 2 distinct stages. First, there is immediate antibody-mediated excitotoxicity causing neuronal loss. Second, after antibody is no longer present in the brain, there is microglial activation and dendritic pruning of surviving neurons. The brain injury that ensues leads to impairment in spatial cognition. These studies suggest there are two distinct approaches to therapy; one might modulate the initial damage by neutralising the pathogenic antibodies or maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, the other might mitigate the later damage by inhibiting microglial cells.
Anti-Sticking Curing of Fluorinated Polymers for Improvement of Mold Releasability (2011)

This paper describes a post-UV curing process, called anti-sticking curing process (ACP), for fluorinated polymer (NIF) molds. After fabrication by UV imprinting, an NIF mold was irradiated by a strong UV light. The results of surface free-energy calculations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Vickers hardness measurements showed that the surface state of NIF can be described as follows: active functional groups in the photosensitive radical initiator remained on the surface of the NIF mold after UV imprinting. After ACP, these active groups were consumed by further UV polymerization, and the fluorinated components moved to the surface. Thus, an improvement in the releasability of NIF molds is expected.
Noninvasive Estimation of the Electrohysterographic Action-Potential Conduction Velocity (2010)

Electrophysiological monitoring of the fetal-heart and the uterine-muscle activity, referred to as an electrohysterogram, is essential to permit timely treatment during pregnancy. While remarkable progress is reported for fetal-cardiac-activity monitoring, the electrohysterographic (EHG) measurement and interpretation remain challenging. In particular, little attention has been paid to the analysis of the EHG propagation, whose characteristics might be predictive of the preterm delivery. Therefore, this paper focuses, for the first time, on the noninvasive estimation of the conduction velocity of the EHG-action potentials. To this end, multichannel EHG recording and surface high-density electrodes are used. A maximum-likelihood method is employed for analyzing the EHG-action-potential propagation in two dimensions. The use of different weighting strategies of the derived cost function is introduced to deal with the poor signal similarity between different channels. The presented methods were evaluated by specific simulations proving the best weighting strategy to lead to an accuracy improvement of 56.7%. EHG measurements on ten women with uterine contractions confirmed the feasibility of the method by leading to conduction velocity values within the expected physiological range.
Broadband wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s DPSK signals in silicon waveguides (2010)

We demonstrate for the first time four-wave mixing based wavelength conversion of phase modulated optical signals in dispersion-engineered silicon waveguides. Error-free operation and 1-dB power penalties are experimentally obtained for 10-GB/s DPSK wavelength-converted signals.
MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation (2021)

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are mutualistic interactions formed between soil fungi and plant roots. AM symbiosis is a fundamental and widespread trait in plants with the potential to sustainably enhance future crop yields. However, improving AM fungal association in crop species requires a fundamental understanding of host colonisation dynamics across varying agronomic and ecological contexts. To this end, we demonstrate the use of betalain pigments as in vivo visual markers for the occurrence and distribution of AM fungal colonisation by Rhizophagus irregularis in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana benthamiana roots. Using established and novel AM-responsive promoters, we assembled multigene reporter constructs that enable the AM-controlled expression of the core betalain synthesis genes. We show that betalain colouration is specifically induced in root tissues and cells where fungal colonisation has occurred. In a rhizotron setup, we also demonstrate that betalain staining allows for the noninvasive tracing of fungal colonisation along the root system over time. We present MycoRed, a useful innovative method that will expand and complement currently used fungal visualisation techniques to advance knowledge in the field of AM symbiosis.
The One-per-wafer ZTJ solar cell from Emcore- confidence testing and volume manufacturing performance (2012)

The Emcore One-per-wafer ZTJ solar cell, with a cell area of approximately 60cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , is based on the 29.5% efficiency ZTJ triple-junction structure. The performance of this cell has been enhanced via grid design improvements, resulting in a 0.3% absolute efficiency increase. To confirm electrical performance and investigate reliability with respect to the grid metal and form factor changes implemented in the One-per-wafer ZTJ cell, Emcore has performed a series of confidence tests, which the cells successfully passed. Electrical measurements for approximately 14,000 One-per-wafer ZTJ cells manufactured at Emcore show a median AM0 efficiency of 29.3% (1353 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).
Challenges of high-speed channel design on GPU accelerated system (2016)

High speed servers continue to deploy graphics processing units (GPUs) in them for large volume data computation. Robustness of signal integrity on the high-speed channel is an important factor in these high performance computing (HPC) system designs. In this paper, the simulation and validation / debugging procedure of a 1U / 2 socket rack server that can support up to 4 GPU units was used as exampled to investigate the challenges on such high-speed channel design.
Noise Propagation on Uniformly Accelerated Multivelocity Electron Beams (1959)

The characteristics of noise propagation through a multi-velocity region with linearly increasing dc potential have been calculated using the density-function formulation of Siegman, Watkins, and Hsieh. [J. Appl. Phys. 28, 1138 (1957)]. This type of noise transducer approximates that found experimentally in electron guns which have produced noise figures of 3 db and less at S band. It is shown that arbitrarily low values of beam noisiness can be obtained by reducing the slope of the potential profile and that adjustment of this parameter provides the practical possibility of attaining very low noise figures in slow space-charge wave amplifiers as frequency is increased. The calculated results are compared with experimental data at S band and X band.
Nucleotide sequence of noncoding regions in Rous-associated virus-2: comparisons delineate conserved regions important in replication and oncogenesis (1984)

The nucleotide sequence of the regions flanking the long terminal repeat of Rous-associated virus-2 has been determined. The region analyzed spans the ends of the viral genome and includes the terminus of the env gene, the 3' noncoding region, the 5' noncoding region, and the beginning of the gag gene. These data have been compared with sequences available from other avian retroviruses. The comparisons reveal sections which are highly conserved and others which are quite variable. Sequence homologies within the conserved regions suggest details concerning the mode of origin of the src-transducing viruses. Included in the variable section is a region (XSR) found only in certain strains of Rous-derived virus. Its absence from other oncogenic viruses indicates that these sequences are not required to elicit disease.
An Integrated Development Environment for Web Service Composition (2007)

Web services provide an instantiation of the loosely coupled service–oriented architecture and facilitate the process of enterprise application integration by encapsulating information, software, and other resources. However, to exploit the true potential of web services, it is critical to develop technologies and tools for composing new services from existing ones. While numerous composition approaches have been developed in the past, very little has been done towards tooling. What is clearly lacking is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to ease the process of composition, thereby reducing development time and integration efforts. In this paper, we build on our previous work on service composition, and present an IDE for end–to–end composition of web services. We elaborate on the design of the IDE, describe its integration with existing technologies, and discuss its usability based on the findings of a user survey.
A Particle Method for Population Waves (1994)

Phase models are useful for studying synchronization of bacterial cell culture growth and other biological events associated with cell cycles. This paper considers a model that allows the growth rate of cells to change at different phases of cell cycle. In this paper, a particle method is derived for solving the weak formulation of this model, and convergence of the particle method is proved.
Advanced modeling strategies to improve overlay control for 32-nm lithography processes (2009)

Overlay control is gaining more attention in recent years as technology moves into the 32nm era. Strict overlay requirements are being driven not only by the process node but also the process techniques required to meet the design requirements. Double patterning lithography and spacer pitch splitting techniques are driving innovative thinking with respect to overlay control. As lithographers push the current capabilities of their 193nm immersion exposure tools they are utilizing newly enabled control 'knobs'. 'Knobs' are defined as the adjustment points that add new degrees of freedom for lithographers to control the scanner. Expanded control is required as current scanner capabilities are at best marginal in meeting the performance requirements to support the ever demanding process nodes. This abstract is an extension of the SPIE 2008 paper in which we performed thorough sources of variance analysis to provide insight as to the benefits of utilizing high order scanner control knobs [1]. The extension this year is to expand the modeling strategies and to validate the benefit through carefully designed experiments. The expanded modeling characterization will explore not only high order correction capabilities but also characterize the use of field by field corrections as a means to improve the overlay performance of the latest generation of immersion lithography tools. We will explore various correction strategies for both grid and field modeling using KT Analyzer<sup>TM</sup>.