gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and built-in characterization of digital-to-time converters for ultra-low power ADPLLs (2015)

The newly proposed phase-prediction counter-based ADPLL has achieved a wireless standard-compliant performance at ultra-low power consumption. The digital-to-time converter (DTC) is the key enabler but is nonlinearity can easily create fractional spurs. This paper analyzes the effect of the DTC nonlinearity on in-band fractional spurs and proposes a method to characterize it in a built-in fashion by means of a fine-resolution ΔΣ TDC that forms an outer loop with the DTC. The TDC is realized in 40nm CMOS and exhibits only 1.8ps rms of random jitter.
Synthesis of hydroxyl‐containing polyimides derived from 4,6‐diamino‐resorcinol dihydrochloride and aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (1994)

Abstract High T g polyimides containing pendant phenolic hydroxyl groups were synthesized in high molecular weight via one‐step solution polymerization of the dihydrochloride salt of 4,6‐diaminoresorcinol with various commercially available dianhydrides. Polymerization proceeds via initial dissociation of diaminoresorcinol dihydrochloride to hydrogen chloride gas and diaminoresorcinol, followed by rapid dissolution of diaminoresorcinol and polymerization with the dianhydride monomer to afford soluble, fully‐cyclized polyimide. The resulting poly(hydroxy‐imide)s, which contain two phenolic hydroxyl groups per repeat unit, were soluble in amide solvents and dilute aqueous bases, displayed reasonably high glass transition temperatures and a high degree of water uptake. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and its voltage control in MgO/CoFeB/Mo/CoFeB/MgO junctions (2022)

Abstract We study the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in the MgO/CoFeB (CFB)/MgO junctions with an angstrom-thick Mo spacer layer separating the CFB layer. Perpendicularly magnetized CFB/Mo/CFB films are achieved for a wide range of CFB thicknesses, and a large PMA energy density of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn> </mml:math> mJ m −2 is demonstrated by tuning the thickness ratio of the two CFB layers as well as the thickness of the Mo spacer layer. The PMA in the MgO/CFB/Mo/CFB/MgO is controlled by a voltage applied across the junction, and a sign inversion in the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect is clearly observed between the ‘top free’ and ‘bottom free’ magnetic tunnel junctions, in which the CFB/Mo/CFB layers are fabricated on top and bottom of an MgO barrier layer, respectively. Nanostructural analyses reveal the difference in the morphology of the top free and bottom free magnetic tunnel junctions and also suggest that the flatness of CFB/MgO interface is rather important for improving the efficiency of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy.
Broadband extended source imaging Mueller-matrix polarimeter (2019)

An imaging Mueller matrix polarimeter, named the red-green-blue (RGB)950, takes images of medium-sized (tens of centimeters) objects by using a very bright source, large polarization state generator, and high-quality camera. Its broadband extended light source switches between red, green, blue, and near-infrared light to allow taking polarimetric images for comparison with RGB camera images. The large diffuse source makes shadow transitions gradual and spreads out the specular reflected spot into a larger less conspicuous area.
P4‐403: Therapeutic Treatment with an All‐D‐Enantiomeric Peptide Improves Cognitive Impairment in Old Appswe/Ps1 Transgenic Mice (2016)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Still, there is no curative treatment for AD available. Our group developed D-enantiomeric peptides to eliminate toxic amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) oligomers. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic in vivo efficacy of a newly developed D-enantiomeric peptide with very promising in vitro results in APPswe/PS1 animals at an age when they have developed already a full blown amyloid pathology and cognition deficits. Old male APPswe/PS1dE9 mice with an average age of 18 months (+/- 3 weeks) were orally treated either with placebo (n = 9) or 200 mg/kg peptide (n =11) formulated in jellies composed of gelatin each day for 3 months. Non-transgenic littermates were used as a positive control. After treatment, the mice were tested in different behavioral experiments (Morris water maze (MWM) and open field test). Brains were snap frozen and analyzed for changes in amyloid pathology (histological and biochemical analysis). Several plasma enzymes (ASAT, ALAT, LDH) were analyzed to investigate possible toxic effects. After 3 months of oral therapeutic treatment the peptide treated mice showed significantly increased cognitive performance in the MWM compared to placebo treated animals (p = 0.05). Analysis of the open field test did not result in significant changes in the behavior of treated mice in comparison to non-transgenic littermates. Furthermore, investigation of different liver plasma enzymes did not exhibit any significant changes, indicating that the compound did not exert any adverse side effects. Histological and biochemical analyses suggested that there is amelioration in amyloid pathology. In conclusion, we were able to show that the D-enantiomeric peptide had a truly curative effect in this mouse model without toxic side effects on behavior or liver toxicity. Taken together, these results qualify the peptide as promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
Adaptive initial step size selection for Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (2016)

A difficulty in using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastics Approximation (SPSA) is its performance sensitivity to the step sizes chosen at the initial stage of the iteration. If the step size is too large, the solution estimate may fail to converge. The proposed adaptive stepping method automatically reduces the initial step size of the SPSA so that reduction of the objective function value occurs more reliably. Ten mathematical functions each with three different noise levels were used to empirically show the effectiveness of the proposed idea. A parameter estimation example of a nonlinear dynamical system is also included.
Flow-level state transition as a new switch primitive for SDN (2014)

No abstract available.
Toward an All‐Ceramic Cathode–Electrolyte Interface with Low‐Temperature Pressed NASICON Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 Electrolyte (2020)

Abstract This work shows, for the first time, the critical influence of pressure during the hot sintering stage on the ionic conductivity of the lithium super ionic conductor Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 . A hot press method is developed to obtain high ionic conductivities at the significantly decreased densification temperature of only 650 °C by applying pressure (56 MPa). Considering the possible initiation of undesirable decomposition reactions when cathode materials are annealed at high temperature (typically ≥700 °C), the use of high pressure at 650 °C can significantly limit the formation of degradation by‐products. This study determines the criteria required to optimize the pressure and temperature parameters for enhancing the total ionic conductivity. Finally, this study reports an all solid‐state battery based on a LiFePO 4 olivine cathode prepared at 650 °C showing very good Li‐intercalation/deintercalation performance. Good ionic interfacial contact is achieved without using polymer and liquid electrolyte.
Gas-Assisted Cocrystal Desublimation (2022)

We report a novel process in which pharmaceutical cocrystals are sublimed, transported by a carrier gas, and directed at high velocity at a substrate, where nano- and microscopic cocrystals are formed. It affords a “touch-free”, nonmechanical, single-step means of particle size reduction and surface coating of cocrystals.
Synthesis, Structure and 1,3-Butadiene Polymerization Behavior of Vanadium(III) Phosphine Complexes (2017)

A series of vanadium(III) complexes bearing monodentate tertiary phosphine ligands of the type VCl3(PRnPh3-n)2 (n = 0 (1a); n = 1 and R = Me (1b), Et (1c), iPr (1d), Cy (1e); n = 2 and R = Me (1f), Et (1g), Cy (1h)), and VCl3(PR3)2 (R = Cyp (2a), Cy (2b), nPr (2c), tBu (2d)) were synthesized and characterized. In the case of 1c, 1g and 2a single crystals were also obtained and their molecular structures were determined. All the complexes were used, in combination with methylaluminoxane (sMAO) or AlMe3–free MAO (dMAO), for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, exhibiting rather good activity and giving polymers with different microstructure depending on the nature of the phosphine ligand and the type of co-catalyst employed.
Special Focus Session (2003)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of articular cartilage is important in evaluation of new surgical and pharmacologic treatments for cartilage damage. Many techniques exist for MR imaging of articular cartilage. Standard techniques for morphologic imaging of cartilage include fast spin-echo and spoiled gradient-echo imaging. These methods provide high-resolution morphologic images of cartilage but are time-consuming in the clinical setting. New methods for faster or higher-resolution morphologic imaging include techniques based on steady-state free precession imaging. These fast techniques will allow detailed evaluation of cartilage in the routine clinical setting. There are also several MR imaging methods that may provide information about the structure and physiology of cartilage. Physiologic imaging may allow detailed evaluation of the glycosaminoglycan matrix or collagen network of articular cartilage and may be the most sensitive method for detection of early changes. With the development of new therapies for osteoarthritis and cartilage injury, MR imaging of articular cartilage is of increasing clinical importance. MR imaging will play an important role in evaluation of the effectiveness of these therapies.
Recovery from severe mental health problems: A systematic review of service user and informal caregiver perspectives (2021)

Abstract Introduction The recovery approach aims to have users’ perspectives at the heart of service development and research; it is a holistic perspective that considers social needs, personal growth and inclusion. In the last decade recovery-oriented research and practice has increased greatly, however, a comprehensive model of recovery considering exclusively the perspectives of people with lived experience has not been devised. Aims This review aimed to develop a framework and contextualise service users’ and informal caregivers’ understanding of recovery from severe mental health problems. Methods A systematic search of 6 databases including key terms related to knowledge, experience and narratives AND mental health AND personal recovery. The search was supplemented with reference sourcing through grey literature, reference tracking and expert consultation. Data analysis consisted of a qualitative meta-synthesis using constant comparative methods. Results Sixty-two studies were analysed. A pattern emerged regarding the recovery paradigms that the studies used to frame their findings. Recovery domains included Legal, political and economic recovery; Social recovery; Individual recovery; and Clinical recovery experience . Service users’ definitions of recovery tended to prioritise social aspects, particularly being accepted and connecting with others, while caregivers focused instead on clinical definitions of recovery such as symptom remission. Both groups emphasised individual aspects such as becoming self-sufficient and achieving personal goals, which was strongly linked with having economic means for independence. Conclusions The recovery model provided by this review offers a template for further research in the field and a guide for policy and practice. Predominant definitions of recovery currently reflect understandings of mental health which focus on an individual perspective, while this review found an important emphasis on socio-political aspects. At the same time, only a small number of studies took place in low-income countries, focused on minoritised populations, or included caregivers’ perspectives. These are important gaps in the literature that require further attention. Visual abstract
Efficacy and Safety of Ustekinumab as Maintenance Therapy in Ulcerative Colitis: Week 44 Results from UNIFI (2019)

Study objective was to evaluate safety and efficacy of SC ustekinumab (UST) as maintenance therapy in UC patients who were in clinical response to a single IV induction dose of UST.
Nano-Scale Defect Mapping on a Magnetic Disk Surface Using a Contact Sensor (2011)

Targeting both higher touchdown sensitivity and highly accurate nanometer-scale defect detection on a disk surface, a thermal-contact sensor, integrated into a magnetic-head slider, was developed. It was experimentally shown that the contact sensor has sensitivity for detecting head-disk contact at each radial position on a disk surface equivalent to that of a conventional acoustic-emission (AE) sensor. It was also shown that a defect-detection method using the thermal-contact sensor is feasible. Defect mapping, in which a slider inspecting the disk at a certain clearance detects small defects on the disk surface, done with this method was better sensitive with measurements with an optical surface analyzer (OSA). Defect mapping on a proto-type glide tester, based on a conventional glide tester, using the thermal-contact sensor was also demonstrated.
Optimal Sizing and Placement of Distributed Generators and Capacitors in Radial Distribution Network (2017)

Distribution network is an integral part of power system and it acts as the interface with consumer load points. The network incurs significant amount of losses in the electrical system.
Molecular Optical Imaging with Radioactive Probes (2010)

These studies demonstrate generalizability of radioactive OI technique. It provides a new molecular imaging strategy and will likely have significant impact on both small animal and clinical imaging.
Combined DA/DD/NDA channel estimation techniques for downlink WCDMA (2002)

Two novel combined methods for channel estimation are analyzed and compared in terms of BER and complexity. They are introduced in order to increase the system performance when pilots are time-multiplexed with data symbols. The simulation results justify the choice of these methods as viable solutions for downlink wideband code-division multiple access (WCDMA) systems.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection. (2009)

T cell exhaustion often occurs during chronic infection and prevents optimal viral control. The molecular pathways involved in T cell exhaustion remain poorly understood. Here we show that exhausted CD8+ T cells are subject to complex layers of negative regulation resulting from the coexpression of multiple inhibitory receptors. Exhausted CD8+ T cells expressed up to seven inhibitory receptors. Coexpression of multiple distinct inhibitory receptors was associated with greater T cell exhaustion and more severe infection. Regulation of T cell exhaustion by various inhibitory pathways was nonredundant, as blockade of the T cell inhibitory receptors PD-1 and LAG-3 simultaneously and synergistically improved T cell responses and diminished viral load in vivo. Thus, CD8+ T cell responses during chronic viral infections are regulated by complex patterns of coexpressed inhibitory receptors. PMID: 19043418 Funding information This work was supported by: NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: AI071309 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI071309-01 NIAID NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AI071309
풍동실험을 통한 경량통신철탐의 풍응답 예측 (2003)

Wind-tunnel experiments of a communication steel tower were conducted for the wind-induced response using a rocking model. A turbulent wind flow (II of AIJ Recommendation on Loads on Buildings) was generated to closely simulate full scale wind environments. Two different damping levels (0.4% and 1.0% critical damping), which were adjusted by a silicon damping device, were selected as target damping ratios to estimate wind-induced vibration of the prototype structure with and without a tuned mass damper (TMD). 
Wind-excited motions of the prototype structure (K Tower in Japan) recorded in a video type were also analyzed and compared with the results of the wind-tunnel tests. The experimental results have a reasonable agreement with the analyzed result of video images.
Effect of La Crosse Virus Infection on Insemination Rates in Female <I>Aedes triseriatus</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) (2006)

Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) females orally infected with La Crosse virus after ingesting an infectious bloodmeal were compared for mating efficiency with females that ingested a noninfectious bloodmeal. After 14-d extrinsic incubation to allow for dissemination of the infection, all females were offered a second noninfectious bloodmeal and were placed in cages with age-matched males for 5 d. After 6 d, insemination rates were determined by detection of sperm in the spermathecae. Insemination rates of the La Crosse virus-infected females were significantly greater than in uninfected females.
Engineered DsbC chimeras catalyze both protein oxidation and disulfide-bond isomerization in Escherichia coli : Reconciling two competing pathways (2004)

In the Escherichia coli periplasm, the formation of protein disulfide bonds is catalyzed by DsbA and DsbC. DsbA is a monomer that is maintained in a fully oxidized state by the membrane enzyme DsbB, whereas DsbC is a dimer that is kept reduced by a second membrane protein, DsbD. Although the catalytic regions of DsbA and DsbC are composed of structurally homologous thioredoxin motif domains, DsbA serves only as an oxidase in vivo, whereas DsbC catalyzes disulfide reduction and isomerization and also exhibits significant chaperone activity. To reconcile the distinct catalytic activities of DsbC and DsbA, we constructed a series of chimeras comprising of the dimerization domain of DsbC, with or without the adjacent alpha-helical linker region, fused either to the first, second, third, or fifth residue of intact DsbA or to thioredoxin. The chimeras fully substituted for DsbC in disulfide-bond rearrangement and also were able to restore protein oxidation in a dsbA background. Remarkably, the chimeras could serve as a single catalyst for both disulfide-bond formation and rearrangement, thus reconciling the kinetically competing DsbB-DsbA and DsbD-DsbC pathways. This property appeared to depend on the orientation of the DsbA active-site cysteines with respect to the DsbC dimerization domain. In vitro, the chimeras had high chaperone activity and significant reductase activity but only 15-22% of the disulfide-isomerization activity of DsbC, suggesting that rearrangement of nonnative disulfides may be mediated primarily by cycles of random reduction and reoxidation.
Microfluidic Assisted Synthesis of Hybrid Au–Pd Dumbbell-like Nanostructures: Sequential Addition of Reagents and Ultrasonic Radiation (2017)

A sequential-addition microfluidic reactor and an ultrasonic integrated microfluidic reactor were designed to produce with high selectivity hybrid Au–Pd dumbbell-like nanostructures (Au–Pd DBNPs), consisting of a palladium segment tipped with gold heads. A single-stage synthesis was not able to synthesize hybrid nanostructures due to the high reactivity of gold. On the other hand, a two-step method was successful by first synthesizing Pd nanorod-like structures and subsequent growing of Au on the tips of those structures by the localized galvanic replacement reaction. The localized deposition of Au onto both tips of palladium rods was achieved by using two different microfluidic approaches: (i) by sequential injection of gold along the reaction channel at 100 °C and a 5 min residence time, and (ii) by ultrasonic radiation at room temperature and a 2 min residence time. The synthesized Au–Pd DBNPs had higher electrocatalytic activity in the ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline media than the Pd nanorods.
Airway Epithelial Cells (2012)

The adult human bronchial tree is covered with a continuous layer of epithelial cells that play a critical role in maintaining the conduit for air, and which are central to the defenses of the lung against inhaled environmental concomitants. The epithelial sheet functions as an interdependent unit with the other lung components. Importantly, the structure and/or function of airway epithelium is deranged in major lung disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchogenic carcinoma. Investigations regarding the airway epithelium have led to many advances over the past few decades, but new developments in genetics and stem cell/progenitor cell biology have opened the door to understanding how the airway epithelium is developed and maintained, and how it responds to environmental stress. This article provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding airway epithelial stem/progenitor cells, gene expression, cell–cell interactions, and less frequent cell types, and ...
Drug-Loaded Halloysite Nanotube-Reinforced Electrospun Alginate-Based Nanofibrous Scaffolds with Sustained Antimicrobial Protection (2018)

Halloysite nanotube (HNT)-reinforced alginate-based nanofibrous scaffolds were successfully fabricated by electrospinning to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) structure which is beneficial for tissue regeneration. An antiseptic drug, cephalexin (CEF)-loaded HNT, was incorporated into the alginate-based matrix to obtain sustained antimicrobial protection and robust mechanical properties, the key criteria for tissue engineering applications. Electron microscopic imaging and drug release studies revealed that CEF had penetrated into the lumen space of the HNT and also deposited on the outer walls, with a total loading capacity of 30 wt %. Moreover, the diameter of alginate-based nanofibers of the scaffolds ranged from 40 to 522 nm with well-aligned HNTs, resulting in superior mechanical properties. For instance, the addition of 5% (w/w) HNT improved the tensile strength (σ) and elastic modulus by 3-fold and 2-fold, respectively, compared to those of the alginate-based scaffolds without HNT. The fabricated scaffolds exhibited remarkable antimicrobial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and the cytotoxicity studies confirmed the nontoxicity of the fabricated scaffolds. Drug release kinetics showed that CEF inside HNTs diffuses within 24 h and that the diffusion of the drug is delayed by 7 days once the CEF-loaded HNTs are incorporated into the alginate-based nanofibers. These fabricated alginate-based electrospun scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and sustained antimicrobial protection hold great potential to be used as artificial ECM scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.