gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attractive People: Assembling Loose-Limbed Models using Non-parametric Belief Propagation (2003)

The detection and pose estimation of people in images and video is made challenging by the variability of human appearance and the high dimensionality of articulated body models. To cope with these problems we exploit rich image likelihood models and represent the 3D human body using a graphical model in which the relationships between the body parts are represented by conditional probability distributions. We formulate the pose estimation problem as one of probabilistic inference over a graphical model where the random variables correspond to the individual limb parameters (position and orientation). Because the limbs are described by 6-dimensional vectors encoding pose in 3-space, discretization is impractical and the random variables in our model must be continuous-valued. To approximate belief propagation in such a graph we exploit a recently introduced generalization of the particle filter. This framework facilitates the automatic initialization of the body-model from low level cues and is robust to occlusion of body parts and scene clutter. 1
Short-term Results of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty at Our Hospital (2005)

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the short-term results of revision total hip arthroplasty (revision THA) without cement. Thirty-two hips of 31 patients who underwent revision THA from September 1998 to June 2003 were enrolled. There were 6 men 7 hips and 25 female 25 hips, and the mean age at revision THA was 65.7 years. According to Endo-Klinik classification, four hips were grade 1, seventeen hips were grade 2, nine hips were grade 3, one hip was grade 4, and there was one fracture. The average full weight bearing time was nine days after operation. There was only one hip, which showed 3 mm subsidence of the stem. When initial fixation was obtained, early full weight bearing and early social rehabilitation were possible.
An efficient algorithm for informed embedding of dirty-paper trellis codes for watermarking (2005)

Dirty paper trellis codes are a form of watermarking with side information. These codes have the advantage of being invariant to valuemetric scaling of the cover work. However, the original proposal requires a computational expensive second stage, informed embedding, to embed the chosen code into the cover Work. In this paper, we present a computational efficient algorithm for informed embedding. This is accomplished by recognizing that all possible code words are uniformly distributed on the surface of a high n-dimensional sphere. Each codeword is then contained within an (n - 1)-dimensional region which defines an n-dimensional cone with the centre of the sphere. This approximates the detection region. This is equivalent to the detection region for normalized correlation detection, for which there are known analytic methods to embed a watermark in a cover work. We use a previously described technique for embedding with a constant robustness. However, rather than moving the cover work to the closest Euclidean point on the defined surface, we find the point on the surface which has the smallest perceptual distortion. Experimental results on 2000 images demonstrate a 600-fold computational improvement together with an improved quality of embedding.
Thermoresponsive scattering coating for smart white LEDs (2014)

White light emitting diode (LED) systems, capable of lowering the color temperature of emitted light on dimming, have been reported in the literature. These systems all use multiple color LEDs and complex control circuitry. Here we present a novel responsive lighting system based on a single white light emitting LED and a thermoresponsive scattering coating. The coated LED automatically emits light of lower correlated color temperature (CCT) when the power is reduced. We also present results on the use of multiple phosphors in the white light LED allowing for the emission of warm white light in the range between 2900 K and 4150 K, and with a chromaticity complying with the ANSI standards (C78.377). This responsive warm white light LED-system with close-to-ideal emission characteristics is highly interesting for the lighting industry.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative Synthesis of 3,4‐Diaminobenzophenone and of Mebendazole. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3: structural clues of 5α-DHT reverse binding and enzyme down-regulation decreasing MCF7 cell growth (2016)

Human 3α-HSD3 (3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3) plays an essential role in the inactivation of the most potent androgen 5α-DHT (5α-dihydrotestosterone). The present study attempts to obtain the important structure of 3α-HSD3 in complex with 5α-DHT and to investigate the role of 3α-HSD3 in breast cancer cells. We report the crystal structure of human 3α-HSD3·NADP(+)·A-dione (5α-androstane-3,17-dione)/epi-ADT (epiandrosterone) complex, which was obtained by co-crystallization with 5α-DHT in the presence of NADP(+) Although 5α-DHT was introduced during the crystallization, oxidoreduction of 5α-DHT occurred. The locations of A-dione and epi-ADT were identified in the steroid-binding sites of two 3α-HSD3 molecules per crystal asymmetric unit. An overlay showed that A-dione and epi-ADT were oriented upside-down and flipped relative to each other, providing structural clues for 5α-DHT reverse binding in the enzyme with the generation of different products. Moreover, we report the crystal structure of the 3α-HSD3·NADP(+)·4-dione (4-androstene-3,17-dione) complex. When a specific siRNA (100 nM) was used to suppress 3α-HSD3 expression without interfering with 3α-HSD4, which shares a highly homologous active site, the 5α-DHT concentration increased, whereas MCF7 cell growth was suppressed. The present study provides structural clues for 5α-DHT reverse binding within 3α-HSD3, and demonstrates for the first time that down-regulation of 3α-HSD3 decreases MCF7 breast cancer cell growth.
Search for new physics in final states with an energetic jet or a hadronically decaying W or Z boson and transverse momentum imbalance at s=13  TeV (2018)

A search for new physics using events containing an imbalance in transverse momentum and one or more energetic jets arising from initial-state radiation or the hadronic decay of W or Z bosons is presented. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at ffiffi ffi s p 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 , is used. The observed data are found to be in agreement with the expectation from standard model processes. The results are interpreted as limits on the dark matter production cross section in simplified models with vector, axial-vector, scalar, and pseudoscalar mediators. Interpretations in the context of fermion portal and nonthermal dark matter models are also provided. In addition, the results are interpreted in terms of invisible decays of the Higgs boson and set stringent limits on the fundamental Planck scale in the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali model with large extra spatial dimensions.
Mechanically Compliant High Contrast Grating Mirrors for Radiation Pressure Cooling (2011)

We have developed micromechanical membranes with high reflectivity and low mass for optical cooling. By patterning silicon nitride membranes with grating structures we have achieved reflectivity of R = 99% and a quality factor of Q = 1.6 × 104.
Linee guida ESC 2021 su stimolazione cardiaca e terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca elaborate dalla Task Force su stimolazione cardiaca e terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca della Società Europea di Cardiologia (ESC) con il contributo straordinario della European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) (2022)

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Time resolved luminescence of photoexcited p-type gallium arsenide by population mixing (1981)

A novel technique in time resolved luminescence spectroscopy called population mixing using a subpicosecond cw mode-locked dye laser has been developed and applied to p-type GaAs at low temperatures. Using this technique the relaxation lifetime for electron recombination was measured to be 39±7 ps for p-type GaAs with Zn at 6×1018 cm−3 hole concentration. This is comparable to the relaxation time measured by a streak camera.
Is Renal Function Associated with Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration? (2014)

Results could not confirm an association between kidney function and early AMD. The borderline association between cystatin C and early AMD in normotensive persons require further verification.
Optimization of a tomosynthesis system for the detection of lung nodules (2006)

Mathematical observers that track human performance can be used to reduce the number of human observer studies needed to optimize imaging systems. The performance of human observers for the detection of a 3.6 mm lung nodule in anatomical backgrounds was measured as a function of varying tomosynthetic angle and compared with mathematical observers. The human observer results showed a dramatic increase in the percent of correct responses, from 80% in the projection images to 96% in the projection images with a tomosynthetic angle of just 3 degrees. This result suggests the potential usefulness of the scanned beam digital x-ray system for this application. Given the small number of images (40) used per tomosynthetic angle and the highly nonstationary statistical nature of the backgrounds, the nonprewhitening eye observer achieved a higher performance than the channelized Hotelling observer using a Laguerre-Gauss basis. The channelized Hotelling observer with internal noise and the eye filter matched to the projection data were shown to track human performance as the tomosynthetic angle changed. The validation of these mathematical observers extends their applicability to the optimization of tomosynthesis systems.
Unexpected side reactions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in the base-catalysed Baylis–Hillman reactionElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: NMR data; details of conditions employed by Afonso and integrations and calculations. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b203079a/ (2002)

Low yields are obtained when the Baylis-Hillman reaction is conducted in the presence of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid due to direct addition of the deprotonated imidazolium salt to the aldehyde. Ionic liquids are evidently not inert.
Spatio-Temporal Capsule-Based Reinforcement Learning for Mobility-on-Demand Coordination (2020)

As an alternative means of convenient and smart transportation, mobility-on-demand (MOD), typified by online ride-sharing and connected taxicabs, has been rapidly growing and spreading worldwide. The large volume of complex traffic and the uncertainty of market supplies/demands have made it essential for many MOD service providers to <i>proactively</i> dispatch vehicles towards ride-seekers. To meet this need effectively, we propose <monospace>STRide</monospace> , an MOD coordination learning mechanism reinforced spatio-temporally with capsules. We formalize the adaptive coordination of vehicles into a reinforcement learning framework. <monospace>STRide</monospace> incorporates spatial and temporal distributions of supplies (vehicles) and demands (ride requests), customers’ preferences and other external factors. A novel spatio-temporal capsule neural network is designed to predict the provider’s rewards based on MOD network states, vehicles and their dispatch actions. This way, the MOD platform adapts itself to the supply-demand dynamics with the best potential rewards. We have conducted extensive data analytics and experimental evaluation with five large-scale datasets ( <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula> 27 million rides from Uber, NYC/Chicago Taxis, Didi and Car2Go). <monospace>STRide</monospace> is shown to outperform state-of-the-arts, substantially reducing request-rejection rate and passenger waiting time, and also increasing the service provider’s profits.
Drain Engineering, Salicides and ESD (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Junctions Salicides and ESD Problems References
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Human Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitory Activity of Novel 2‐Spiro(2′,2′‐diphenylcyclopropane) Cephalosporin Sulfones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamically Encircling Exceptional Points: Exact Evolution and Polarization State Conversion (2017)

We show that a two-level non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with constant off-diagonal exchange elements can be analyzed exactly when the underlying exceptional point is perfectly encircled in the complex plane. The state evolution of this system is explicitly obtained in terms of an ensuing transfer matrix, even for large encirclements, regardless of adiabatic conditions. Our results clearly explain the direction-dependent nature of this process and why in the adiabatic limit its outcome is dominated by a specific eigenstate-irrespective of initial conditions. Moreover, numerical simulations suggest that this mechanism can still persist in the presence of nonlinear effects. We further show that this robust process can be harnessed to realize an optical omnipolarizer: a configuration that generates a desired polarization output regardless of the input polarization state, while from the opposite direction it always produces the counterpart eigenstate.
Ozone priming of patterned carbon nanotube forests for subsequent atomic layer deposition-like deposition of SiO2 for the preparation of microfabricated thin layer chromatography plates (2013)

The authors report the ozonation of patterned, vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests as a method of priming them for subsequent pseudo atomic layer deposition (ψ-ALD) (alternating layer deposition) of silica to produce microfabricated, CNT-templated thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates. Gas phase ozonation simplifies our deposition scheme by replacing two steps in our previous fabrication process: chemical vapor deposition of carbon and ALD of Al2O3, with this much more straightforward priming step. As shown by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ozonation appears to prime/increase the number of nucleation sites on the CNTs by oxidizing them, thereby facilitating conformal growth of silica by ψ-ALD, where some form of priming appears to be necessary for this growth. (As shown previously, ψ-ALD of SiO2 onto unprimed CNTs is ineffective and leads to poor quality depositions.) In conjunction with a discussion of the challenges of good peak fitting of complex C 1s XPS narrow scans, the authors present an analysis of their C 1s data that suggests an increase in oxidized carbon, particularly the C=O group, with increasing oxygen content of the CNT forests. After coating with SiO2, the CNTs are removed by elevated temperature air oxidation, the SiO2 is rehydrated, and the plates are coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The resulting APTES-coated plates separate various fluorescent dyes giving results that are generally at least as good as those the authors reported previously with their more complicated fabrication/priming scheme. TLC plates with different geometries are microfabricated, where plates with narrower channels show longer run times (lower mobile phase velocities) and plates with narrower features appear to give higher efficiencies.
Nucleotide analogs facilitate base conversion with 3' mismatch primers (1999)

We compared the efficiency of PCR amplification using primers containing either a nucleotide analog or a mismatch at the 3' base. To determine the distribution of bases inserted opposite eight different analogs, 3' analog primers were used to amplify four different templates. The products from the reactions with the highest amplification efficiency were sequenced. Analogs allowing efficient amplification followed by insertion of a new base at that position are herein termed 'convertides'. The three convertides with the highest amplification efficiency were used to convert sequences containing C, T, G and A bases into products containing the respective three remaining bases. Nine templates were used to generate conversion products, as well as non-conversion control products with no base change. We compared the ability of natural bases to convert specific sites with and without a preconversion step using nucleotide analog primers. Conversion products were identified by a ligation detection reaction using primers specific for the converted sequence. We found that conversions resulting in transitions were easier to accomplish than transversions and that sequence context influences conversion. Specifically, primer slippage appears to be an important mechanism for producing artifacts via polymerase extension of a 3' base or analog transiently base paired to neighboring bases of the template. Nucleotide analogs could often reduce conversion artifacts and increase the yield of the expected product. While new analogs are needed to reliably achieve transversions, the current set have proven effective for creating transition conversions.
Structural aspects of the M1 and M2 phases in MoVNbTeO propane ammoxidation catalysts (2004)

Abstract The structures of M 1 and M 2 in MoVNbTeO propane ammoxidation catalysts have been solved using a combination of TEM, neutron powder diffraction, and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. The unit cell of M 1 is Pba 2 (No. 32) with a = 21.134(2) Å, b = 26.658(2) Å, c = 4.0146(3) Å and Z = 4. The formula unit is Mo 7.8 V 1.2 NbTe 0.937 O 28.9 . The unit cell of M 2 is Pmm 2 (No. 25) with a = 12.6294(6) Å, b = 7.29156(30) Å, c = 4.02010(7) Å and Z = 4. The formula unit is Mo 4.31 V 1.36 Te 1.81 Nb 0.33 O 19.81 . Tellurium sites in hexagonal channels of both phases are displaced toward vanadium-occupied framework sites, whereas Te in the heptagonal channel of M 1 is near the channel center. The chemical topology resulting from oxidation states and Madelung site potentials presents active moieties for the ammoxidation of propane in M 1 and propene in M 2. EPR confirmed the presence of V 4+ and possibly Mo 5+ in M 1 and V 4+ in M 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Vanadium Carbide VC1‐x and VOx from Vanadocene Cp2V. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Two-dimensional fiber-optic control of a true time-steered array transmitter (2002)

We report a first demonstration of a transmit array with fiber-optic control for independent two-dimensional true time-delay steering. The 4/spl times/4 array consists of flared-notch elements and shows /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/ azimuth and /spl plusmn/30/spl deg/ elevation steering with no observed squint over the microwave component-limited bandwidth of 6-18 GHz.
Low‐altitude UAV air‐ground propagation channel measurement and analysis in a suburban environment at 3.9 GHz (2019)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been applied to various promising applications because of their features of high‐mobility, portability, rapid deployment, and modest power consumption. Small UAVs fly at low altitudes and typically short distances from the ground controller. It is of interest and value to model the propagation channel between low‐altitude UAVs and ground stations. This article presents results of channel measurements at 3.9 GHz carried out in a suburban environment with a small‐size UAV flying at low altitudes, up to 40 m. The authors also present comparative results from ray‐tracing simulations. Height‐dependent models for path loss, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and the number of multipath components are provided. The results illustrate that although multipath effects exist at low altitudes in this environment, the two‐ray path loss model works reasonably well in describing the channel behaviour. Initial ray tracing simulations show reasonable agreement with measurements. In addition, RMS delay spread results indicate that distant scatterers have an appreciable effect on the UAV air‐ground (AG) propagation channels, which can be different from some terrestrial channels. Authors’ results should be of use in the modelling of low‐altitude AG propagation channels and in the performance analysis of UAV‐enabled AG communication systems.
POD GENERATOR PROJECT, A NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE INSPECTION OF FATIGUE CRACKS USING TOFD (2010)

Risk based inspection strategies rely on detailed knowledge of the performance of inspection techniques. The objective of the “POD generator” project is to develop a numerical modeling approach to assess the effectiveness of specific inspection techniques. Simulation offers flexibility and reliability at acceptable costs. Therefore numerical models have been developed and validated for accurately simulating the physics of inspection techniques. These numerical models are then used to generate quantitative probability of detection (POD) curves. In the case of ultrasonic time‐of‐flight‐diffraction (TOFD) inspections, the human factor is included on two levels. First in the way a TOFD scan is carried out (positioning variations). And secondly, in the fact that simulated inspection results are interpreted by real operators. This paper shows the assessment of the inspection of fatigue cracks using TOFD using this numerical approach. The influence of high‐low and the human interpretation on the performance of the inspection was investigated by generating multiple POD‐curves under different circumstances. This way we show that the numerical modeling approach is an efficient and reliable way of determining the sensitivity of inspection techniques for complex influencing factors.
Assessment of mTOR-Dependent Translational Regulation of Interferon Stimulated Genes (2015)

Type-I interferon (IFN)-induced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in translational control of mRNAs encoding interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, mTOR-sensitive translatomes commonly include mRNAs with a 5' terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP), such as those encoding ribosomal proteins, but not ISGs. Because these translatomes were obtained under conditions when ISG expression is not induced, we examined the mTOR-sensitive translatome in human WISH cells stimulated with IFN β. The mTOR inhibitor Torin1 resulted in a repression of global protein synthesis, including that of ISG products, and translation of all but 3 ISG mRNAs (TLR3, NT5C3A, and RNF19B) was not selectively more sensitive to mTOR inhibition. Detailed studies of NT5C3A revealed an IFN-induced change in transcription start site resulting in a switch from a non-TOP to a TOP-like transcript variant and mTOR sensitive translation. Thus, we show that, in the cell model used, translation of the vast majority of ISG mRNAs is not selectively sensitive to mTOR activity and describe an uncharacterized mechanism wherein the 5'-UTR of an mRNA is altered in response to a cytokine, resulting in a shift from mTOR-insensitive to mTOR-sensitive translation.