gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delivery System using Sodium Alginate Virus Loaded Pellets to Red Imported Fire Ants (Solenopsis invicta, Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2011)

Microencapsulation as a delivery mechanism of SINV-1 and other molecules such as dsRNA, offers an approach to Solenopsis invicta Buren management that is target specific and fits current approaches to baiting ants with toxins and/or RNA-interference. The delivery method presented here targets ground dwelling, foraging ants with an ant-infecting virus which is specific to the genus, Solenopsis. Endemic ant-infecting viruses, like S. invicta viruses (SINV-1, SINV-2, and SINV-3) are being evaluated for efficacy in S. invicta population suppression. In this study, SINV-1 (TX5 strain) was extracted from S. invicta colonies and microencapsulated in sodium alginate pellets. Pellets containing extracted whole virions were offered to confirmed non-infected S. invicta colonies. Colonies were sampled every 5 d and tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for presence of viral RNA. The longevity of control and viral pellets were also evaluated. Within 30 d, post-feeding of virus, 35% of S. invicta colonies acquired SINV-1 infection (P = 0.03). Thus, microencapsulation as a delivery mechanism was successful to deliver SINV-1 to S. invicta colonies. Future incorporation of this economically affordable method can be implemented to deliver biological agents for specific ant species and to augment current approaches that bait ants. While a virus was used to demonstrate delivery, an adequate and affordable virus production system still needs to be developed before a viral strategy can be adopted as a tool for biological control of fire ants.
Mixed valence of a delocalized system: a resonance Raman study of the tetracyanoquinodimethane radical anion (2009)

Abstract The optical absorption spectrum and resonance Raman enhancement of the lowest energy absorption band of K + 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane − (TCNQ) are reported and examined in the mixed valence (MV) framework. The absorption spectrum is assigned, in accordance with previous work, using Koopmans‐based calculations and the neighboring orbital model is constructed from the adiabatic orbital energies. Calculated fits of the lowest energy absorption band and the corresponding resonance Raman enhancement profiles are made using the time‐dependent theory of spectroscopy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Effect of High Sulfur Military JP-8 Fuel on Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Emissions and EGR Cooler Condensate (2010)

Low-sulfur “clean” diesel fuel has recently been mandated in the U.S. market. However, quality of diesel fuel, particularly the sulfur content, varies significantly in other parts of the world. Due to logistical issues in various theaters of operation, the Army is often forced to rely on local fuel supplies, which exposes vehicles to diesel fuel or jet fuel (JP8) with elevated levels of sulfur. Currently, modern diesel engines typically use cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to meet emissions regulations. Using high sulfur fuels and cooled EGR has potential to lead to EGR cooler fouling and corrosion of engine components. Therefore, an experimental study has been setup to investigate the EGR heat exchanger condensate in a heavy duty diesel engine running on JP-8 fuel doped with 3512 ppm of sulfur. Gas was sampled from the EGR cooler and analyzed. A Condensate Collection Device (CCD) was developed and setup according to a modified ASTM 3226-73T standard, to perform analysis of sulfur condensate species of SO2 and H2SO4 in the EGR system. Results have shown that SO2 values to have the highest concentration of gaseous sulfur species. SO2 is also shown to increase as sulfur content in JP-8 increases, but not by the same order of magnitude. Results have also shown low levels of H2SO4 from 2–5 ppm with negligible differences while varying sulfur content in JP-8, EGR levels of the engine, and condenser temperatures in the CCD. Due to suspicion that all sulfur has not been accounted for in experiments with the modified CCD, further experiments were performed using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) emissions bench for gaseous SO2 emissions and a Differential Mobility Spectrometer (DMS) for particulate size spectrum analysis. FTIR results yielded similar results for gaseous SO2 as the modified CCD with SO2 levels increasing as sulfur content in fuel increases but not by the same order of magnitude. While the results from the DMS have shown that increasing sulfur content in JP-8 will increase the particle sizes in the particle size distribution curve. This also translates to an increase in PM mass concentration in the exhaust stream when sulfur content is increased in JP-8 on an engine with and without EGR.
What is an epsilon-near-zero mode? (2015)

Metallic films much thinner than the skin depth can support surface plasmon modes whose dispersion approaches the plasma frequency, giving rise to the so-called epsilon-near-zero mode. We analyse its features and observation conditions.
Prevalence of malocclusion in preschool and primary school children with habitual snoring and sleep-disordered breathing. (2011)

OSAS can not be diagnosed by the paediatric dentist only by performing a single clinical orthodontic examination of oral cavity, but a polysomnography is essential and, if this should point out any pathology referring to SDB, a cranial lateral cephalometry will then be required.
Patient-reported outcomes following stereotactic body radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer (2014)

In the first 2 years, the impact of SBRT on urination and defecation was minimal. Transient late increases in urinary and bowel dysfunction and bother were observed. However, urinary and bowel function and bother recovered to near baseline by 2 years post-SBRT. Sexual dysfunction and bother steadily increased following treatment without recovery. SBRT for clinically localized prostate cancer was well tolerated with treatment-related dysfunction and bother comparable to conventionally fractionated radiation therapy or brachytherapy.
Passivity framework for modeling, mitigating, and composing attacks on networked systems (2014)

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) consist of a tight coupling between cyber (sensing and computation) and physical (actuation and control) components. As a result of this coupling, CPS are vulnerable to both known and emerging cyber attacks, which can degrade the safety, availability, and reliability of the system. A key step towards guaranteeing CPS operation in the presence of threats is developing quantitative models of attacks and their impact on the system and express them in the language of CPS. Traditionally, such models have been introduced within the framework of formal methods and verification. In this talk, we present a control-theoretic modeling framework. We demonstrate that the control-theoretic approach can capture the adaptive and time-varying strategic interaction between the adversary and the targeted system. Furthermore, control theory provides a common language in which to describe both the physical dynamics of the system, as well as the impact of the attack and defense. In particular, we provide a passivity-based approach for modeling and mitigating jamming and wormhole attacks. We demonstrate that passivity enables composition of multiple attack and defense mechanisms, allowing characterization of the overall performance of the system under attack. Our view is that the formal methods and the control-based approaches are complementary.
The Effect of Amiloride on Proteinuria in Patients with Proteinuric Kidney Disease (2021)

Both amiloride and triamterene significantly reduced proteinuria in patients with proteinuric kidney disease. The anti-proteinuric effect was additive to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade, given all patients were on RAAS blockade. Hyperkalemia was a safety concern. Larger trials might be needed to examine the antiproteinuric effects of ENaC inhibitors.
Immunomodulatory drugs in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (2007)

The immunomodulatory drugs show exciting erythropoietic activity in myelodysplastic syndrome that is karyotype-dependent.
Recent Advances in SRS on Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (2015)

The recent Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP) advances at Savannah River Site (SRS) include compressor-free concept for heating/cooling, push and pull separation using an active inverse column, and compact column design. The new developments allow significantly higher throughput and better reliability from 1/10th of the current production system’s footprint while consuming 60% less energy. Various versions are derived in the meantime for external customers to be used in fusion energy projects and medical isotope production.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Dendritic Beading during Neuronal Toxicity (2007)

Mitochondrial dysfunction (depolarization and structural collapse), cytosolic ATP depletion, and neuritic beading are early hallmarks of neuronal toxicity induced in a variety of pathological conditions. We show that, following global exposure to glutamate, mitochondrial changes are spatially and temporally coincident with dendritic bead formation. During oxygen-glucose deprivation, mitochondrial depolarization precedes mitochondrial collapse, which in turn is followed by dendritic beading. These events travel as a wave of activity from distal dendrites toward the neuronal cell body. Despite the spatiotemporal relationship between dysfunctional mitochondria and dendritic beads, mitochondrial depolarization and cytoplasmic ATP depletion do not trigger these events. However, mitochondrial dysfunction increases neuronal vulnerability to these morphological changes during normal physiological activity. Our findings support a mechanism whereby, during glutamate excitotoxicity, Ca(2+) influx leads to mitochondrial depolarization, whereas Na(+) influx leads to an unsustainable increase in ATP demand (Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity). This leads to a drop in ATP levels, an accumulation of intracellular Na(+) ions, and the subsequent influx of water, leading to microtubule depolymerization, mitochondrial collapse, and dendritic beading. Following the removal of a glutamate challenge, dendritic recovery is dependent upon the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane potential, but not on a resumption of ATP synthesis or Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Thus, dendritic recovery is not a passive reversal of the events that induce dendritic beading. These findings suggest that the degree of calcium influx and mitochondrial depolarization inflicted by a neurotoxic challenge, determines the ability of the neuron to recover its normal morphology.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of the Squalene Synthase Inhibitor Zaragozic Acid C. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetic nanoparticles: recent advances in synthesis, self-assembly and applications (2011)

Nanostructured magnetic materials have a variety of promising applications spreading from nano-scale electronic devices, sensors and high-density data storage media to controlled drug delivery and cancer diagnostics/treatment systems. Magnetic nanoparticles offer the most natural and elegant way for fabrication of such (multi-) functional materials. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent progress in the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (which now can be done with precise control over the size and surface chemistry), and nanoscale interactions leading to their self-assembly into 1D, 2D or 3D aggregates. Various approaches to self-organization, directed-, or template-assisted assembly of these nanostructures are discussed with the special emphasis on magnetic-field enabled interactions. We also discuss new physical phenomena associated with magnetic coupling between nanoparticles and their interaction with a substrate and the characterization of the physical properties at the nanoscale using various experimental techniques (including scanning quantum interferometry (SQUID) and magnetic force microscopy). Applications of magnetic nanoparticle assemblies in data storage, spintronics, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and prospective applications such as adaptive materials and multifunctional reconfigurable materials are also highlighted.
Investigation of N-Substituted Morpholine Structures in an Amphiphilic PDMS-Based Antifouling and Fouling-Release Coating (2022)

Biofouling is a major disruptive process affecting the fuel efficiency and durability of maritime vessel coatings. Previous research has shown that amphiphilic coatings consisting of a siloxane backbone functionalized with hydrophilic moieties are effective marine antifouling and fouling-release materials. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been the primary hydrophilic component used in such systems. Recently, the morpholine group has emerged as a promising compact alternative in antifouling membranes but is yet to be studied against marine foulants. In this work, the use of morpholine moieties to generate amphiphilicity in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based antifouling and fouling-release coating was explored. Two separate coating sets were investigated. The first set examined the incorporation of an N-substituted morpholine amine, and while these coatings showed promising fouling-release properties for <i>Ulva linza</i>, they had unusually high settlement of spores compared to controls. Based on those results, a second set of materials was synthesized using an N-substituted morpholine amide to probe the source of the high settlement and was found to significantly improve antifouling performance. Both coating sets included PEG controls with varying lengths to compare the viability of the morpholine structures as alternative hydrophilic groups. Surfaces were evaluated through a combination of bubble contact angle goniometry, profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and marine bioassays against two soft fouling species, <i>U. linza</i> and <i>Navicula incerta</i>, known to have different adhesion characteristics.
[Effects of bromfenac sodium, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on acute ocular inflammation]. (1995)

We studied the effects of bromfenac sodium (BF) on several types of acute ocular inflammation. BF inhibited the production of prostaglandins from rabbit iris-ciliary body by 50% at a concentration of 1.1 microM and was 3.8 and 10.9 times more potent than indomethacin (IM) and pranoprofen (PPF), respectively. BF inhibited both arachidonic acid- and carrageenan-induced conjunctival edema in rats in a dose-dependent manner. The ranking order of antiinflammatory drugs for inhibition in arachidonic acid- and carrageenan-induced conjunctival edema was BF = PPF > dexamethasone (DM) and BF > or = DM > PPF, respectively. BF inhibited an increase of aqueous protein after paracentesis in pigmented rabbits by 50% at a concentration of 0.0054% and was 8.1 and 4.1 times more potent than PPF and IM, respectively, BF inhibited an increase of aqueous protein after laser irradiation of pigmented rabbit iris by 50% at a concentration of 0.009% and was approximately 10 times more potent than PPF. These results suggest that BF may be a useful drug in therapy for conjunctivitis and post-operative inflammation.
Video V1 from PanIN Neuroendocrine Cells Promote Tumorigenesis via Neuronal Cross-talk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;3D animation showing innervation of a PanIN lesion.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Method for the Synthesis of Thiazolines from Secondary and Tertiary Amides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Defect Character of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticles (1997)

Circuit mapping is employed to study the defect content of buckytubes and carbon nanoparticles. The topological analysis enables the connection with the well established defect theory of crystalline materials. The complementarity between defect models of two- and three-dimensional structures is considered as well as the significance of dislocation descriptions of these materials. In accordance with recent experimental observations, the possibility of three-dimensional hexagonal graphitic stacking of atoms in these structures is examined through the introduction of appropriate defects that are admissible in graphite. Defects in graphene sheets introduce cap closure of isolated tubules and changes in tubule orientation, radius and helicity. In multilayered tubes, appropriate defects can accommodate curvature among adjacent sheets so that the ...ABAB... stacking is preserved. However, the graphite stacking is generally destroyed in multilayered caps owing to the lack of appropriate graphite defects for their accommodation.
Voltage Variation Analysis for Site-Level PQ Assessment (2004)

This paper investigates the challenges in developing a performance index that will reflect the level of power quality at a site based on the actual field data obtained from the site via power-quality (PQ) monitors. For the index, each observed voltage variation is assessed in terms of its potential to impact the customers served from the site. The paper considers the substation level PQ monitoring and adopts a procedure that is similar to one of the methods being proposed in the emerging IEEE guide 1564.
Long-Term Antibiotic Treatment Prior to Laparoscopic Nephrectomy for Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Improves Postoperative Outcomes: Results from a Multicenter Study (2020)

Greater than or equal to 4 weeks of preoperative antibiotics before laparoscopic nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis was associated with shorter length of stay and fewer, less severe postoperative complications.
Solution and Thin‐Film Aggregation Studies of Octasubstituted Dendritic Phthalocyanines (2009)

Abstract The synthesis and solution and thin‐film characterization of eight octasubstituted dendritic phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their zinc complexes are reported. The Pc chromophore was substituted in the 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐positions with three generations of benzylaryl ether dendrons with either a benzyl ( 3a‐3c ) or 3,5‐di‐ t ‐butylbenzyl periphery ( 3d‐3f ). Visible spectra in solution (CH 2 Cl 2 ‐EtOH mixtures, toluene, THF, dioxane, acetone, and EtOAc) indicated a varying degree of chromophore aggregation that depended on solvent, dendrimer generation, and whether the Pc was metallated. Variable‐concentration visible spectroscopic studies were analyzed using a nonlinear least‐squares fitting procedure giving K d values. These values further quantitated the observations that the t ‐butyl‐substituted den‐drimers 3d‐3f were all less prone to aggregation in solution than the unsubstituted dendrimers 3a‐3c , with a monotonic decrease in K d across the series 3a → 3b → 3c → 3d → 3e → 3f. Second‐generation t ‐butyl‐substituted dendrimer 3f showed little to no aggregation in all solvents studied. Thin‐film studies indicated that the largest members of the two dendrimer groups, third‐generation 3c and second‐generation 3f , were largely monomeric as evidenced by split Q‐bands, similar to that seen in dilute CH 2 Cl 2 solution when deposited via spin‐coating onto glass slides. The metallated zinc Pcs 4a‐4f all exhibited significantly less tendency toward aggregation in both solution and thin‐films than their unmetallated analogues.
The evaluation of two software watermarking algorithms (2005)

Abstract In this paper we analyze the effectiveness of two different software watermarking algorithms. The first is an algorithm proposed by Akito Monden et al . and the second an algorithm proposed by Robert L. Davidson and Nathan Myhrvold of the Microsoft Corporation. We have implemented these techniques within the S AND M ARK framework, a system designed to study the effectiveness of software protection algorithms on Java bytecode. To the best of our knowledge this is the first implementation and empirical evaluation of these algorithms with respect to a set of properties such as bit‐rate, stealth, and resilience to attack. We demonstrate through the use of the S AND M ARK framework that both of these algorithms have a high bit‐rate but are unstealthy and easy to attack. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of excess In during metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy growth of InGaN by monitoring via in situ laser scattering (2016)

Abstract Using an in situ laser absorption and scattering method, the surface roughness and incorporation of In in InGaN layers grown by metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) were monitored. We observed that the laser light with energy higher than the GaN bandgap was fully absorbed in a GaN layer with a smooth film surface. On the other hand, we observed that the scattering laser light from the surface when the roughness of the InGaN surface increased owing to the formation of In droplets. Laser light with energy lower than the GaN bandgap was weakly absorbed by the GaN layer and was scattered at the back surface of the wafer. Furthermore, laser light intensity decreased during InGaN growth because of In incorporation. The threshold of trimethyl-In (TMIn) for the formation of In droplets as a function of growth temperature was determined using our in situ system. Moreover, we observed that the In droplets were removed by thermal or H 2 treatment. The results indicate that multiwavelength laser absorption and scattering enable the optimization of the growth conditions for In-rich InGaN.
Profiles of density of HCV produced in different hepatoma cell lines. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;HuH-7 (&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;), Hep3B (&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;), HepG2-CD81 (&lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;) and PLC/PRF/5 (&lt;b&gt;D&lt;/b&gt;) were electroporated with &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; transcribed RNA of the JFH1-CS-A4-RLuc genome containing mutations R1373Q/C2441S. The supernatants of each electroporated cell lines were recovered six days post-electroporation and overlaid on 10 to 50% (weight/volume) iodixanol gradients. After a 24 h ultracentrifugation, sixteen fractions were collected and analyzed for HCV RNA quantity and infectivity on naive HuH-7 cells (assessed by measuring &lt;i&gt;Renilla&lt;/i&gt; Luciferase activities). The results are expressed as percentages of total infectivity or HCV RNA and are reported as means of two independent experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
Use of diffractive lenses in lithographic projection lenses (2006)

Projection lenses for high resolution lithography have high NA and work at small wavelengths. In the wavelength regime of VUV (e.g. 193nm), there is a very limited number of optical glasses available, namely fused silica and calcium fluoride. The latter is very expensive and used only sparely, leading to limited possibilities for chromatic correction. In addition to catadioptric approaches, another way to deal with chromatic aberrations is the use of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). They have negative dispersion coupled with positive power and they do not contribute to the Petzval sum. Moreover, it is easy to integrate an aspherical functionality into the structure of the DOE. Usually a DOE is placed close to the aperture stop to correct axial color. The stop of a lithographic projection lens often is located at the largest diameter, causing some serious fabrication difficulties for the DOE. For this reason a class of lenses with intermediate image is of interest. Here, the accessible conjugate of the aperture stop enhances the possibilities to arrange the stop and the DOE. This allows a convenient tradeoff between fabrication challenges and aberration correcting properties. We present different lens designs that take advantage of the named properties of DOEs at high numerical aperture.