gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brilliant high power laser bars for industrial applications (2008)

High power semiconductor lasers are commonly used as efficient pump sources for solid state lasers or multiplexing
applications. Common wavelengths are 808nm e.g. for pumping of Nd:YAG and 9xx nm for pumping of disk or fiber
lasers. Together with these wavelengths 880nm can be used as 3rd or 4th wavelength for multiplexing in direct material
processing lasers. These industrial lasers are typically operating with some kW laser output power. For scaling to higher
powers up to several kW, management of waste energy and power supply is gaining more and more importance. High
efficient and reliable diode sources are vital to build systems with very good overall performance. The German
framework project BRILASI had the target to develop basic technologies of next generation brilliant high power diode
lasers for industrial applications.
In this paper we present laser bars which combine industrial standards with highest efficiencies at 808, 880, 940 and
980nm and power range above 100W/bar. Room temperature efficiencies of 70% were demonstrated at wavelengths
above 900nm and power levels of 130W. For 808nm, we reached efficiencies up to 62% at 20°C. For high temperature
operation, we will show laser structures of 808nm optimized for 50°C.
Fabrication of SiNx Nanopore Filters Using Combined Process of Nanoimprint and Dual‐Side Aligned Photolithography for Purified Cs3MnBr5 Green Phosphors (Adv. Mater. Technol. 7/2022) (2022)

Nanoporous Filters The frontispiece presented by Young Rag Do and co-workers (article number 2101519) shows filtration images of reactant ionic solutions with 2D SiNx nanofilters, used to synthesize Cs3MnBr5 phosphors via eco-friendly water-based evaporative crystallization process. Numerous nanofilters have been successfully fabricated with a dual-sided alignment process between nanoimprinting-patterned front side and photolithographically-patterned back side. Unnecessary residual nano-particles were removed by 50 nm-nanohole arrayed SiNx nanofilter to improve PLQY of purified Cs3MnBr5 phosphor by 2.3 times.
An In Vivo Lapine Model for Impact-Induced Injury and Osteoarthritic Degeneration of Articular Cartilage (2012)

A single traumatic 0.28 J impact delivered with this spring-loaded impactor induces focal cartilage degeneration characteristic of osteoarthritis.
Synthetic Peptides Containing ITIM-Like Domains Block Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Migration/Invasion of Cancer Cells Through Activation of SHP-1 and PI3K (2012)

Increasing evidence supports that inflammation is closely associated with the development of cancer. In an effort to develop synthetic peptides that can suppress the inflammatory activation of cancer cells, decapeptides representing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-like sequences of immune receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (IREM-1) were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects in cancer cell lines. One (named TAT-YADL) out of the five synthetic peptides tested exhibited inhibitory effects on the expression of inflammatory mediators as well as invasion and migration. The inhibitory activities of the synthetic peptides required activation of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
Binding of Complement Inhibitor C4b-Binding Protein Contributes to Serum Resistance of Porphyromonas gingivalis (2008)

The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly resistant to the bactericidal activity of human complement, which is present in the gingival crevicular fluid at 70% of serum concentration. All thirteen clinical and laboratory P. gingivalis strains tested were able to capture the human complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein (C4BP), which may contribute to their serum resistance. Accordingly, in serum deficient of C4BP, it was found that significantly more terminal complement component C9 was deposited on P. gingivalis. Moreover, using purified proteins and various isogenic mutants, we found that the cysteine protease high molecular weight arginine-gingipain A (HRgpA) is a crucial C4BP ligand on the bacterial surface. Binding of C4BP to P. gingivalis appears to be localized to two binding sites: on the complement control protein 1 domain and complement control protein 6 and 7 domains of the alpha-chains. Furthermore, the bacterial binding of C4BP was found to increase with time of culture and a particularly strong binding was observed for large aggregates of bacteria that formed during culture on solid blood agar medium. Taken together, gingipains appear to be a very significant virulence factor not only destroying complement due to proteolytic degradation as we have shown previously, but was also inhibiting complement activation due to their ability to bind the complement inhibitor C4BP.
The photoinitiated cyclopolymerization of dienes in the creation of novel polymeric systems and three-dimensional networksElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b4/b402154c/ (2004)

In this article we describe the photo-initiated cyclopolymerization of 5-, 6- and 7-centre dienes. We find that substituted dienes can be cyclopolymerized in sunlight or by the use of a low-power UVA sunlamp of broad spectral range (320–400 nm). Unless activated by suitable electron withdrawing groups the cyclopolymerization can often be slow and incomplete. However, when suitably activated the polymerization rates can approach those for acrylates. In particular diallylamine, its quaternary salts, which can often be obtained as ionic fluids, and diallylamide, can be subjected to fairly rapid photocyclopolymerization to give robust coatings and adhesives. This discovery augments, and gives a different dimension, to the acrylate and methacrylate monomer and polymer systems that are already commercially available.
Knee Joint Line Obliquity Causes Tibiofemoral Subluxation That Alters Contact Areas and Meniscal Loading (2021)

These results provide important information for understanding the consequences of creating coronal JLO and for clinical practice in terms of osteotomy planning regarding the effect on JLO. This information provides guidance regarding the choice of single- or double-level osteotomy. Excessive JLO alteration may cause abnormal tibiofemoral joint articulation and chondral or meniscal loading.
Silicon MEMS Disk Resonator Gyroscope With an Integrated CMOS Analog Front-End (2014)

We present a 2-mm diameter, 35- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> m-thick disk resonator gyro (DRG) fabricated in <111> silicon with integrated 0.35- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> m CMOS analog front-end circuits. The device is fabricated in the commercial InvenSense Fabrication MEMS-CMOS integrated platform, which incorporates a wafer-level vacuum seal, yielding a quality factor ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 2800 at the DRGs 78-kHz resonant frequency. After performing electrostatic tuning to enable mode-matched operation, this DRG achieves a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$55~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> V/°/s sensitivity. Resonator vibration in the sense and drive axes is sensed using capacitive transduction, and amplified using a low-noise, on-chip integrated circuit. This allows the DRG to achieve Brownian noise-limited performance. The angle random walk is measured to be 0.008°/s/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz and the bias instability is 20°/h.
Transfer Molding of Nanoscale Oxides Using Water-Soluble Templates (2011)

We report a facile method for creating nanoscopic oxide structures over large areas that is capable of producing high aspect ratio nanoscale structures with feature sizes below 50 nm. A variety of nanostructured oxides including TiO(2), SnO(2) and organosilicates are formed using sol-gel and nanoparticle precursors by way of molding with water-soluble polymeric templates generated from silicon masters. Sequential stacking techniques are developed that generate unique 3-dimensional nanostructures with combinatorially mixed geometries, scales, and materials. Applicable to a variety of substrates, this scalable method allows access to a broad range of new thin film morphologies for applications in devices, catalysts, and functional surface coatings.
Predicting the Thermal Conductivity of Foam Neoprene at Elevated Ambient Pressure (2010)

The purpose of this paper is to present a correlation for predicting the thermal conductivity of foam neoprene at varying ambient pressure. In a previous study, the authors used well-known upper and lower bounds to develop the form of a semi-empirical correlation for the thermal conductivity of foam neoprene as a function of increasing ambient pressure. The correlation was in terms of three constants, which were determined by performing a nonlinear regression on experimentally measured thermal conductivity values of foam neoprene insulation at varying ambient pressure. In this present paper, we show that the three correlation constants can, alternately, be determined by using values of the constituent thermal conductivities (e.g., air and rubber) and the effective thermal conductivity at one pressure point only (reference pressure). Values predicted using the correlation were compared with previously measured values of the effective thermal conductivity of foam neoprene insulation under increased ambient pressure, up to 1.18 MPa. It was found that there was a maximum difference of approximately 14% between the predicted and measured values. It was also found that the accuracy of the correlation did not depend strongly on the reference pressure used. It was therefore concluded that the effective thermal conductivity of foam neoprene, as a function of increasing ambient pressure, can be predicted if the constituent thermal conductivities are known (air and rubber), as well as the effective thermal conductivity at one reference pressure.
Physics of electron mobility independent of channel orientation in n-channel transistors based on (100) silicon wafers and its experimental verification (2010)

The six degenerate ellipsoid model can be used to study the effects of channel orientation on electron mobility. However, this approach has two assumptions: (i) the conduction band minimum near the interface between gate dielectric and silicon channel is the same as that of bulk silicon, (ii) the momentum relaxation time is independent of the channel orientation. This letter shows that the effective conductivity electron mass of (100) surface-oriented silicon is independent of channel orientation even though the actual conduction band minimum may be slightly different from the six degenerate ellipsoid model. Experimental data are provided to support our theory.
High risk of cardiovascular disease in curatively treated patients with oesophageal cancer: a Danish cohort study (2022)

Abstract Background The cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden among patients with oesophageal cancer (EC) treated with curative intent is unclear. Purpose To determine CVD incidence and all-cause mortality in patients with EC. Material and methods Danish national health registries were used to identify patients diagnosed with primary EC between 2008 and 2018. Each EC patient was matched with ten individuals from the general population. The primary endpoint was a CVD hospital contact (CVD-HC), either admission or outpatient contact. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and five specific CVD endpoints evaluated separately: atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, perimyocarditis, and venous thromboembolism. Using registries, all endpoints were assessed up to ten years following the EC diagnosis. Results The study included 1,525 patients with EC matched to 15,250 individuals from the general population. Patients with EC had a post-diagnosis one-year adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of CVD-HCs of 6.1 (95% CI: 5.6 to 6.8) compared with the general population. During the next nine years, the risk of CVD-HC was comparable between the two cohorts with an adjusted HR of 1.0 (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.3) (Figure 1). Patients with EC, particularly those with prevalent CVD (29%) had a high risk of ischemic heart disease with a one-year HR of 6.2 (95% CI: 3.7 to 10.4). The risk of venous thromboembolism and atrial fibrillation was 14-fold and four-fold elevated within the first year after EC diagnosis compared to the general population. After EC diagnosis, all-cause mortality was, as expected, increased in patients with EC compared with the general population. However, prevalent CVD among patients with EC did not appear to be associated with higher all-cause mortality. Conclusion CVD morbidity was transiently increased in the first year following EC diagnosis compared with the general population. All-cause mortality risks were high but did not appear to be affected by prevalent CVD. The very high risk of CVD in curatively treated patients with EC calls for healthcare initiatives to advance preventive and post-treatment strategies. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The Danish Cancer SocietyCarpenter Jorgen Holm and Wife Elisa F. Hansen's Memorial Scholarship
Control of HIV replication in astrocytes by a family of highly conserved host proteins with a common Rev-interacting domain (Risp) (2010)

Our results link the Risp family to restriction of HIV production and inhibition of Rev activity in astrocytes. We conclude that the Risp family represents a novel family of host factors that can control HIV replication and may be important for the containment of HIV infection in brain reservoirs.
Plasmon‐Assisted Indirect Light Absorption Engineering in Small Transition Metal Catalyst Nanoparticles (2015)

Light absorption in plasmonic nanoantennas constitutes an interesting way of enhancing catalytic reactions occurring at surfaces of metals nanoparticles by forming hot electron–hole pairs. These can either directly transfer to empty orbitals of adsorbed species on the nanoparticle surface or thermalize via electron–phonon coupling and enhance reaction rates via a photothermal reaction channel. While this scheme, in principle, can be efficient for the well‐known plasmonic materials Ag and Au due to their large optical cross‐sections, other transition metals, which exhibit excellent catalytic properties, have spectrally broad and weak plasmon resonances. Thus, lower plasmon‐induced electron–hole pair excitation is expected, especially for sub‐10 nm nanoparticles, typical in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, a solution is presented to circumvent these limitations by challenging the established picture that plasmonic nanoparticles also constitute catalytically active entities in a plasmon mediated hot electron catalysis concept. Light absorption in catalyst nanoparticles can be engineered via an adjacent noble metal plasmonic nanoantenna that efficiently collects incident radiation with low losses, and couples it into the catalytic particles where the energy is dissipated due to the intrinsically high optical losses in transition metals at near‐visible frequencies. Absorption enhancement of 1–2 orders of magnitude is predicted in 3–4 nm sized Pd catalyst nanoparticles.
Toward a Wearable Sensor for Eating Detection (2017)

Researchers strive to understand eating behavior as a means to develop diets and interventions that can help people achieve and maintain a healthy weight, recover from eating disorders, or manage their diet and nutrition for personal wellness. A major challenge for eating-behavior research is to understand when, where, what, and how people eat. In this paper, we evaluate sensors and algorithms designed to detect eating activities, more specifically, when people eat. We compare two popular methods for eating recognition (based on acoustic and electromyography (EMG) sensors) individually and combined. We built a data-acquisition system using two off-the-shelf sensors and conducted a study with 20 participants. Our preliminary results show that the system we implemented can detect eating with an accuracy exceeding 90.9% while the crunchiness level of food varies. We are developing a wearable system that can capture, process, and classify sensor data to detect eating in real-time.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Differential activation of the human orbital, mid-ventrolateral, and mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the processing of visual stimuli. (2002)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Differential activation of the human orbital, mid-ventrolateral, and mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the processing of visual stimuli.
ChemInform Abstract: Essays on Organometallic Chemistry. Part 10. Application of Palladacycles in Heck Type Reactions (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Covalent Immobilization of Naringinase over Two‐Dimensional 2D Zeolites and its Applications in a Continuous Process to Produce Citrus Flavonoids and for Debittering of Juices (2020)

Abstract The crude naringinase from Penicillium decumbens and a purified naringinase with high α‐L‐rhamnosidase activity could be covalently immobilized on two‐dimensional zeolite ITQ‐2 after surface modification with glutaraldehyde. The influence of pH and temperature on the enzyme activity (in free and immobilized forms) as well as the thermal stability were determined using the specific substrate: p ‐nitrophenyl‐alpha‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (Rha‐pNP). The crude and purified naringinase supported on ITQ‐2 were applied in the hydrolysis of naringin, giving the flavonoids naringenin and prunin respectively with a conversion &gt;90 % and excellent selectivity. The supported enzymes showed long term stability, being possible to perform up to 25 consecutive cycles without loss of activity, showing its high potential to produce the valuable citrus flavonoids prunin and naringenin. We have also succeeded in the application of the immobilized crude naringinase on ITQ‐2 for debittering grapefruit juices in a continuous process that was maintained operating for 300 h, with excellent results.
Heart transplantation in pediatric age (2007)

Heart transplantation, formerly the final option for terminally ill children, has now become the treatment of choice for a number of serious acquired or congenital cardiac conditions, which cannot be treated conservatively. Nevertheless, several problems remain unsolved. First of all the shortage of donors, mainly in the first months and years of life, which has become more and more significant with time, regardless of the country, religious belief or culture of the people. Secondly, the long-term impact of immunosuppression in a developing organism, and its possible inter-relation with the primary disorder, which leads to intractable heart failure. Whether a heart transplant is a cure or an ongoing disease for both the child and the family is another matter of concern. These and other topics are covered in this article.
Analysis of Arbitrarily-Shaped Coaxial Discontinuities (1987)

A method of analysing a coaxial discontinuity arbitrarily shaped in two dimensions but maintaining its axial symmetry is discussed. The considered discontinuity is transformed to an equivalent planar form and then analysed by a form of finite difference time domain method. Examples of applications are shown confirming practical value of the method.
Detection of Overlooked Pulmonary Metastases in Serial CT Scans through Deep Learning-based Tracking of Longitudinal Changes (2021)

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of computer-aided detection (CAD) system using deep learning-based longitudinal matching in the detection of pulmonary metastases and reduction of false-positive results in serial CT images. Among the patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy between 2014 and 2018, a total of 65 patients with 70 overlooked lung metastases have been enrolled. The reference standard for metastatic nodules was established by the consensus panel and pathological records. The first chest CT scans without metastases and the last CT scans in which metastases existed but missed were defined as phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. Through deep learning-based longitudinal matching and identification, phase 1 and 2 CT scans were compared and nodules in phase 2 CT scans were categorized as newly developed and pre-existed. The detection rate for newly developed nodules and false positive results were evaluated. Of the 70 newly developed lung metastases but overlooked by radiologists, 56 nodules were detected (80%) by CAD. All 56 nodules were classified as new nodules through deep learning-based longitudinal matching. Total 501 non-metastatic lesions were detected and 232 were classified as pre-existed (46.3%). As a result, 269 lesions were misclassified as newly developed nodules, which resulted in 4.13 false positive results per scan. Deep learning-based CAD system detected 80% of overlooked pulmonary metastases on chest CT scans and deep learning-based longitudinal matching algorithm reduced 42% of false-positive results.
Spectral phase conjugation via temporal imaging (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate wavelength-preserving spectral phase conjugation for compensating chromatic dispersion and self-phase modulation in optical fibers. Our implementation is based on a temporal imaging scheme that uses time lenses realized by broadband four-wave mixing in silicon waveguides. By constructing a temporal analog of a 4-f imaging system, we compensate for pulse distortions arising from second- and third-order dispersion and self-phase modulation in optical fibers.
FPGA implementation of the parity check node for min-sum LDPC decoders (2012)

A typical high-speed decoder implementation for an LDPC may require hundreds or even thousands of variable and check node processors. Since check node processing unit (CNPU) is far more complex than variable processing unit, hardware requirements of CNPU has a big impact on the final decoder complexity. Here, an FPGA implementation of the soft parity check node for min-sum LDPC decoders is analyzed. The hardware cost and speed of the main block of CNPU, which finds the two smallest input values, is thoroughly studied for different numbers of input values with different bit-widths. Experiments for an FPGA implementation demonstrate that hardware cost and speed vary with the number of input values in the same way as they do for an ASIC implementation. Furthermore, it is shown that more than 60% of the hardware resources of the CNPU is used for finding the two smallest input values.
Bacillus anthracis spore suspensions: determination of stability and comparison of enumeration techniques (2008)

The study shows that BA spore suspensions can be developed for reference materials providing a uniform basis for comparing detection equipment and results from different laboratories.