gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An exceptionally simple method of preparing matrix-isolated biradicals, biradicaloids, and carbenes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn exceptionally simple method of preparing matrix-isolated biradicals, biradicaloids, and carbenesKarl. Haider, Matthew S. Platz, Allan. Despres, Violen. Lejeune, Eva. Migirdicyan, Thomas. Bally, and Edwin. HaselbachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 7, 2318–2320Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00215a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00215a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views457Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Population dynamics of localized biexcitons in AlxGa1−xN ternary alloys (2007)

Dynamical behavior of localized biexcitons in Ga-rich AlxGa1−xN ternary alloys has been studied by means of time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. The time-dependent luminescence was analyzed using rate equations which were modified by considering the localization times of both the biexcitons and single excitons individually. The localization times of both biexcitons and single excitons became longer with increasing aluminum composition. On the other hand, the formation time of biexcitons from single excitons remained nearly unchanged. This observation indicated that the formation rate of biexcitons in the ternary alloys was independent of the localization depth of single excitons.
A fast scalable to non-scalable transcoder (2006)

In this paper a fast transcoder from scalable to non-scalable video coding is presented. The transcoder can convert a scalable bit stream into a non-scalable bit stream that is compatible with H.264/AVC standard. It can be used in video servers, which need to provide both scalable and non-scalable bit streams for different devices. From scalable bit stream the motion data can be extracted and used for non-scalable video coding, thus the transcoder does not have to perform the time-consuming step of motion estimation. By reducing requantization effects due to different prediction residuals the proposed transcoder can improve the coding efficiency compared to direct transcoding. (4 pages)
Quinoidal thioalkyl-substituted bithiophene small molecule semiconductors for n-type organic field effect transistors (2020)

Solution-processable dicyanomethylene end-capped bithiophene quinoidal organic semiconductors with four inserted thioalkyl side chains exhibit an electron mobility of 0.18 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> with excellent ambient and operational stability.
Design Guidelines for Interleaved Single-Phase Boost PFC Circuits (2009)

This paper provides a comprehensive guideline for the design of a single-phase PFC targeting for minimal volume, as it is highly relevant for ultracompact integrated systems. It is shown, how different operation modes (continuous, boundary, and discontinuous conduction mode) may influence the design and consequently the achieved power density. Furthermore, the effect of interleaving of several boost stages is analyzed as a measure for compactness increase. Finally, the selection of the appropriate switching frequency in order to achieve an overall optimized system is discussed. In this way, the design of the crucial components is carried out, namely, the boost inductor, including a volume optimization through a thermal connection to the heat sink; the output capacitor considering the rms current stress; and the input filter, which is designed for compliance with high-frequency electromagnetic compatibility standards, taking into account the quasi-peak detection measurement of the test receiver equipment.
A New Device and Method for Controlling the Load in Rabbit Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstructions (1995)

In order to study the effect of intra-operative tensioning on the laxity and strength of healing ligament grafts in an animal model, a method of quantifying graft tension was needed. In this study a sensitive ligament tensioning device was developed to measure accurately the prefixation loads in the rabbit medial collateral ligament (MCL) graft. To verify that reproducible changes in ligament tension could be created with the tensioning device, a group of animals had their MCL grafts replaced at one of three different graft loads (tight, anatomic, or loose). The tensioning device consists of two posts which move relative to one another by means of an axial screw. The movable post, which is inserted into the tibial bone island of the MCL graft has a series of strain gauges which can measure the tension applied to the graft. The stationary post attaches to the tibial shaft, permitting the ligament graft to be tensioned relative to this fixed point. After graft tensioning and fixation, the animals were euthanized immediately postoperatively and their ligament load-deformation behavior was measured using an Instron materials testing machine. Specific measures of low load behavior was taken to quantify ligament laxity. Our results demonstrate that the tensioning device was capable of reproducibly altering prefixation graft load intra-operatively as well as MCL laxity immediately postoperatively. A baseline of laxity values was thus developed to follow changes in this laxity measure for future studies of MCL graft healing in this model.
Printer Mechanism-Level Information Embedding and Extraction for Halftone Documents &#x2013; New Results (2007)

Embedded information in printed documents can be used for a number of applications such as authentication of document content, proof of ownership, and identification of the printer that produced documents. One approach is to embed information in the halftone portions at the printer mechanism-level. The advantage of printer mechanism-level information embedding is that information is directly embedded in printed documents without any further steps that might alter the intended information. In this paper, we describe a printer mechanism-level information embedding and detection scheme as an extension to our previous result. An information bit is embedded by changing the position of a dot to be developed and these information bits are grouped together to be robust to noise caused by various reasons. The previous detection algorithm is modified to improve the detection rate of embedded information in printed documents. Consequently, we are now able to embed information using a reduced level of dot shift, which better maintains the halftone image quality. The experimental results show that our proposed scheme is feasible to embed and detect information in printed documents.
Detrimental Impact of Na Upon Rb Postdeposition Treatments of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorber Layers (2021)

Passivation of the Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS)/Mo back contact using AlO x is studied to reduce the recombination at this interface. Herein, RbF postdeposition treatment (RbF‐PDT), a well‐established method to improve absorber and front interface properties is used on back‐passivated solar cells. It is found that this combination deteriorates the performance due to formation of an injection barrier at the front and reduced acceptor concentration. Photoluminescence yield and decay times show no indication of increased defect recombination, as both are improved. With time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, in‐depth and lateral alkali profiles are measured. It is shown that the Na concentration is higher at the AlO x /Mo back contact and that Rb accumulates at the CdS/CIGS interface. It is hypothesized that Na at the back is released during the RbF‐PDT and inhibits Rb diffusion into the CIGS layer. Rb remains at the front and acceptor concentration is reduced. Modeling of dark and light current–voltage characteristics shows that the injection barrier and low doping are responsible for the reduced V oc and fill factor (FF). It is suggested that the commonly observed FF losses upon heavier alkali PDT can be eliminated by adapting the initial Na amount.
Potentiating mGluR5 function with a positive allosteric modulator enhances adaptive learning (2013)

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) plays important roles in modulating neural activity and plasticity and has been associated with several neuropathological disorders. Previous work has shown that genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of mGluR5 disrupts fear extinction and spatial reversal learning, suggesting that mGluR5 signaling is required for different forms of adaptive learning. Here, we tested whether ADX47273, a selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of mGluR5, can enhance adaptive learning in mice. We found that systemic administration of the ADX47273 enhanced reversal learning in the Morris Water Maze, an adaptive task. In addition, we found that ADX47273 had no effect on single-session and multi-session extinction, but administration of ADX47273 after a single retrieval trial enhanced subsequent fear extinction learning. Together these results demonstrate a role for mGluR5 signaling in adaptive learning, and suggest that mGluR5 PAMs represent a viable strategy for treatment of maladaptive learning and for improving behavioral flexibility.
Determinants for dephosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C‐terminal domain by Scp1 (2007)

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II represents a critical regulatory check point for transcription. Transcription initiation requires Fcp1/Scp1 mediated dephosphorylation of phospho-CTD. Fcp1 and Scp1 belong to a family of Mg2+-dependent phosphoserine/phosphothreonine specific phosphatases. We recently showed that Scp1 is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of neuronal gene silencing. Here we present the x-ray crystal structures of a dominant negative form of Scp1 bound to mono- and diphosphorylated CTD heptad repeat peptides. Moreover, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of Scp1 - phospho-CTD peptide complexes complement the structural work with kinetic and thermodynamic analysis. These substrate trapped structures disclose a unique mode for CTD recognition and highlight the residues in Scp1 involved in CTD binding and its preferential turnover of P.Ser5. Moreover, these results provide a template for the design of specific inhibitors of Scp1 for the study of neuronal stem cell development. This work was supported by NIH grants, CA54418 (J.P.N.) and GM18024 to (J.D.), funds from the Walther Cancer Institute (J.D.) and project A.L.S (S. P). J.P.N. is an investigator of HHMI.
<title>Pericyclic photochemical ring-opening reactions are complete in picoseconds: a time-resolved UV resonance Raman study</title> (1991)

The kinetics of the photochemical ring openings of 1,3-cyclohexadiene (CHD), 1,3,5- cyclooctatriene (COT) and ((alpha) -PHE) were determined by picosecond, time-resolved UV resonance Raman spectroscopy. The time evolution of the photoproduct ethylenic intensity demonstrates that the photolysis of CHD produces ground state cis-hexatriene in 8 +/- 1 ps. Similarly, the photoproducts of COT and (alpha) -PHE appear in 12 +/- 2 ps and 11 +/- 2 ps, respectively. The similar ground state photoproduct formation times of these reactions indicates that the $OM10 ps timescale is a general feature of photochemical electrocyclic ring-opening reactions.
Vertical hole transport through unipolar InGaN quantum wells and double heterostructures (2022)

We report unipolar hole transport through unintentionally doped (UID) c-plane Ga-polar InGaN heterostructures to investigate the impact of alloy disorder on vertical transport. Simulations and experimental investigations were conducted on unipolar InGaN double heterostructures (DHs) and quantum well (QW) test structures by varying thicknesses and the number of QWs. The structures were simulated using one-dimensional (1D) and three-dimensional (3D) algorithms, incorporating the effects of random alloy disorder in the 3D model using the newly developed Localization Landscape theory. The electrical polarization discontinuity between GaN and InGaN results in a significant barrier for vertical carrier transport. Band-diagram and current density-voltage simulations indicate asymmetric polarization barriers to the vertical hole transport for the InGaN DHs. For the QW structures, however, the simulations indicate a symmetric barrier to the hole transport in forward and reverse bias. In the case of the InGaN DH layers, the 3D simulation results indicate a smaller barrier to hole transport compared to 1D simulations. For QW simulations, the barriers were found to be the same in both 1D and 3D simulations. The simulation results are experimentally verified using unipolar p-type vertical transport structures, enabled by n-to-p tunnel junctions to facilitate the current spreading within the bulk material for the mesa structures grown by ammonia-molecular beam epitaxy. The results indicate that increasing the UID ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.9}\mathrm{N}$ DH layer thickness from 15 to 30 nm increases the forward bias voltage drop (\ensuremath{\sim}2 V at $500\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$) more than the reverse bias voltage drop (\ensuremath{\sim}0.2 V at $500\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$). For the QW structures, increasing the number of QWs from one to three increases the voltage penalty similarly in forward and reverse directions (\ensuremath{\sim}0.25 V per QW at $500\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$). The results are beneficial in understanding the impact of alloy disorder on the transport properties of the III-nitride heterostructures.
ESD Effects on Electromigration Performance of Aluminum Metallization Systems (2000)

Abstract The semiconductor industry continues to challenge designer’s ability to provide adequate protection for ESD by scaling to ever-smaller geometries. The metal lines used to connect these circuit elements are also scaled. The effect of non-destructive ESD events on aluminum metal lines is investigated showing a reduction in electromigration lifetime for ESD events close to the failure threshold of the metal. The mechanism contributing to the reduction is a change in the microstructure of the metal resulting in void formation similar to traditional electromigration damage rather than melting and crystallization into smaller grains.
A novel oncogene from a human hepatocellular carcinoma. (1986)

Primary human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were surveyed for oncogenes by transformation assays using NIH 3T3 cells and calcium phosphate coprecipitation method. One new transforming DNA, called lca (for liver cancer) was obtained, and its properties were studied in detail. The lca DNA, localized in a 10.5 kb DNA fragment, was assigned to human chromosome 2. It showed identical restriction enzyme cleavage profiles as its counterpart DNA obtained from normal tissue, indicating that there is no extensive DNA rearrangement associated with activation process of the lca DNA. The normal counterpart DNA shows no transforming activity. Recombinant genes of the laca and its normal counterpart made in vitro have allowed localization of the site of "activation" to a limited region of the 10.5 kb fragment. An independently obtained transforming DNA from another HCC exhibited identical restriction enzyme cleavage profiles. Thus, lca DNA is likely to represent a commonly encountered transforming DNA in HCC.
Fog scavenging of organic and inorganic aerosol in the Po Valley (2014)

Abstract. The interaction of aerosol with atmospheric water affects the processing and wet removal of atmospheric particles. Understanding such interaction is mandatory to improve model description of aerosol lifetime and ageing. We analyzed the aerosol–water interaction at high relative humidity during fog events in the Po Valley within the framework of the Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e l'Ambiente (ARPA) – Emilia Romagna supersite project. For the first time in this area, the changes in particle chemical composition caused by fog are discussed along with changes in particle microphysics. During the experiment, 14 fog events were observed. The average mass scavenging efficiency was 70% for nitrate, 68% for ammonium, 61% for sulfate, 50% for organics, and 39% for black carbon. After fog formation, the interstitial aerosol was dominated by particles smaller than 200 nm Dva (vacuum aerodynamic diameter) and enriched in carbonaceous aerosol, mainly black carbon and water-insoluble organic aerosol. For each fog event, the size-segregated scavenging efficiency of nitrate and organic aerosol (OA) was calculated by comparing chemical species size distribution before and after fog formation. For both nitrate and OA, the size-segregated scavenging efficiency followed a sigmoidal curve, with values close to zero below 100 nm Dva and close to 1 above 700 nm Dva. OA was able to affect scavenging efficiency of nitrate in particles smaller than 300 nm Dva. A linear correlation between nitrate scavenging and particle hygroscopicity (κ) was observed, indicating that 44–51% of the variability of nitrate scavenging in smaller particles (below 300 nm Dva) was explained by changes in particle chemical composition. The size-segregated scavenging curves of OA followed those of nitrate, suggesting that organic scavenging was controlled by mixing with water-soluble species. In particular, functional group composition and OA elemental analysis indicated that more oxidized OA was scavenged more efficiently than less oxidized OA. Nevertheless, the small variability of organic functional group composition during the experiment did not allow us to discriminate the effect of different organic functionalities on OA scavenging.
Restorative therapy for erosive lesions (1996)

More needs to be learned about the etiology of erosion lesions before they can be accurately diagnosed, confidently treated and, more importantly, prevented. The treatment is dependent on the location and the degree of erosion. The decision to treat an erosion lesion should be based on careful consideration of the etiology and progression of the condition. Reasons for restoring noncarious enamel/dentin lesions are discussed and various therapeutic measures are provided. Preventive and restorative therapeutic measures for noncarious abrasive/ erosive lesions are proposed such as: a change of dietary or behavior patterns; application of desensitization products; intensive fluoride therapy with or without iontophoresis; brushing with desensitizing dentifrices; adhesive penetration with dentin bonding agents; glass ionomers and compomers; resin composites; composite or porcelain veneers; crown and bridge work; occlusal adjustments and nightguard fabrication if the abfraction factor coincides. The clinical durability of restorative therapy and important clinical factors related to the restoration of multifactorial defects are discussed.
A Molybdenum Crown Cluster Forms Discrete Inorganic–Organic Nanocomposites with Metalloporphyrins (2004)

Gefüllte Donuts: Ein Molybdän-Kronencluster MC bindet bis zu drei Moleküle Aminophenyl-substituierter Metalloporphyrine über Wasserstoffbrücken, wobei diskrete anorganisch-organische Nanokomposite entstehen (siehe Bild; blaue Polyeder=MC, Kalottenmodell=Metalloporphyrin). Ultrahochvakuum-Rastertunnelmikroskopie bei 80 K bestätigt in Kombination mit der Rastertunnelspektroskopie die Bildung des Einschlusskomplexes.
Effects of Metal Electrode on the Electrical Performance of Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O Thin Film Transistor (2011)

Effects of metal electrode on the electrical performance of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) have been studied. Electrical performances and interface stability between Mo, Al, and Cu electrode and a-IGZO semiconductor have been investigated before and after air-annealing. No inter-diffusion and interfacial reaction has been observed between Mo and a-IGZO and the turn-on voltage of the Mo electrode TFT was 0 V after annealing. As for Al, Al oxide was formed at the interface, and the number of conduction electrons in a-IGZO increased. Thus, a negative turn-on voltage was observed after air-annealing. As for Cu, Cu diffused into a-IGZO during air-annealing and acted as an acceptor. Therefore the a-IGZO TFT with a Cu electrode had a positive turn-on voltage and sub-threshold slope increased after air-annealing. These results indicate that the transistor performance can be affected by the metal types due to inter-diffusion or interfacial reaction between metal and a-IGZO.
Versatile Spectrum Sensing on Mobile Devices? (2010)

Spectrum sensing is a key aspect in the realization of opportunistic radios, which will allow a significantly more efficient usage of the scarce spectrum resources. This paper presents a solution to upgrade mobile devices with spectrum sensing capabilities. A versatile digital component is proposed to meet a wide variety of use cases, at low cost and low power overhead. Complementary reconfigurable analog front-ends make the radio ready for upgrading wireless connectivity thanks to availability of information on spectrum occupancy.
An Extraribosomal Function of Ribosomal Protein L13a in Macrophages Resolves Inflammation (2013)

Inflammation is an obligatory attempt of the immune system to protect the host from infections. However, unregulated synthesis of proinflammatory products can have detrimental effects. Although mechanisms that lead to inflammation are well appreciated, those that restrain it are not adequately understood. Creating macrophage-specific L13a-knockout mice, we report that depletion of ribosomal protein L13a abrogates the endogenous translation control of several chemokines in macrophages. Upon LPS-induced endotoxemia, these animals displayed symptoms of severe inflammation caused by widespread infiltration of macrophages in major organs causing tissue injury and reduced survival rates. Macrophages from these knockout animals show unregulated expression of several chemokines (e.g., CXCL13, CCL22, CCL8, and CCR3). These macrophages failed to show L13a-dependent RNA binding complex formation on target mRNAs. In addition, increased polyribosomal abundance of these mRNAs shows a defect in translation control in the macrophages. Thus, to our knowledge, our studies provide the first evidence of an essential extraribosomal function of ribosomal protein L13a in resolving physiological inflammation in a mammalian host.
Flat-top Drop Filter based on a Single Topology Optimized Photonic Crystal Cavity (2015)

Outperforming conventional design concepts, a flat-top drop filter has been designed by applying 3D topology optimization to a single waveguide-coupled L3 photonic crystal cavity. Measurements on the design fabricated in silicon-on-insulator material reveal that the pass-band of the drop channel is flat within 0.44 dB over a wavelength range of 9.7 nm with an insertion loss lower than 0.85 dB.