gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Rural Electrification through Interconnected Solar Micro Grids (2018)

Renewable energy based rural electrification system experiences fluctuation in generation efficiency due to various unpredictable dynamic changes such as solar irradiation levels, rainfall, dust accumulation, vegetation, etc. Due to these fluctuations the system experiences frequent power quality issues such as low voltage, power interruptions, operating frequency deviation, etc., leading to the degradation of the performance and reliability of these solar micro grid systems. In this paper micro grid cluster interconnection methodology is proposed to improve the efficiency of the system. To develop real-time decisions on energy management and micro grid interconnections, we have designed an IoT system that is capable to monitor and learn the dynamic changes in power quality to control the subsystems for improving the quality of service. In this work we have analysed the need of such a system in one of the rural community having solar micro grid deployment in South India. Based on the needs we have designed and developed an end-to-end system consisting of perception layer, network layer and application layer. Detailed experimentation and evaluation was performed in our laboratory and the performance results are discussed in this paper.
High performance LiMnFePO4/Li4Ti5O12full cells by functionalized polymeric additives (2020)

Herein, we report a novel class of additives based on functional polymers for electrode fabrication applied in the first fast charge–discharge and high-voltage LiMnFePO<sub>4</sub>/Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>batteries operating at 3.0 V.
Chronic inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 does not prevent pressure-overload-induced right-ventricular remodelling (2009)

Sildenafil prevents myocardial remodelling in pulmonary hypertension through an indirect action via right-ventricular unloading.
Training the Workforce for 21st Century Science: A Vital Direction for Health and Health Care (2016)

Introduction Continuing to improve human health at reasonable costs is one of the biggest challenges facing society in the 21st century. Prior scientific advances have led to longer life expectancies, which […]
A pesticide and iPSC dopaminergic neuron screen identifies and classifies Parkinson-relevant pesticides (2023)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with etiology rooted in genetic vulnerability and environmental factors. Here we combine quantitative epidemiologic study of pesticide exposures and PD with toxicity screening in dopaminergic neurons derived from PD patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to identify Parkinson's-relevant pesticides. Agricultural records enable investigation of 288 specific pesticides and PD risk in a comprehensive, pesticide-wide association study. We associate long-term exposure to 53 pesticides with PD and identify co-exposure profiles. We then employ a live-cell imaging screening paradigm exposing dopaminergic neurons to 39 PD-associated pesticides. We find that 10 pesticides are directly toxic to these neurons. Further, we analyze pesticides typically used in combinations in cotton farming, demonstrating that co-exposures result in greater toxicity than any single pesticide. We find trifluralin is a driver of toxicity to dopaminergic neurons and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our paradigm may prove useful to mechanistically dissect pesticide exposures implicated in PD risk and guide agricultural policy.
IP multimedia systems infrastructure and services [Guest Editorial] (2007)

This special section is intended to address challenges at the infrastructure and service levels. More specifically, the six articles address the IMS architecture and interoperability issues, and provide real deployment examples.
HARQ buffer management: An information-theoretic view (2015)

A key practical constraint on the design of Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) schemes is the modem chip area that needs to be allocated to store previously received packets. The fact that, in modern wireless standards, this area can amount to a large fraction of the overall chip has recently highlighted the importance of HARQ buffer management, that is, of the use of advanced compression policies for storage of received data. This work tackles the analysis of the throughput of standard HARQ schemes, namely Type-I, Chase Combining and Incremental Redundancy, under the assumption of a finite-capacity HARQ buffer by taking an information-theoretic standpoint based on random coding. Both coded modulation, via Gaussian signaling, and Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) are considered. The analysis sheds light on questions of practical relevance for HARQ buffer management such as on the type of information to be extracted from the received packets and on how to store it.
Very Low Band Gap Thiadiazoloquinoxaline Donor–Acceptor Polymers as Multi-tool Conjugated Polymers (2013)

Here we report on the synthesis of two novel very low band gap (VLG) donor-acceptor polymers (Eg ≤ 1 eV) and an oligomer based on the thiadiazoloquinoxaline acceptor. Both polymers demonstrate decent ambipolar mobilities, with P1 showing the best performance of ∼10(-2) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for p- and n-type operation. These polymers are among the lowest band gap polymers (≲0.7 eV) reported, with a neutral λmax = 1476 nm (P2), which is the farthest red-shifted λmax reported to date for a soluble processable polymer. Very little has been done to characterize the electrochromic aspects of VLG polymers; interestingly, these polymers actually show a bleaching of their neutral absorptions in the near-infrared region and have an electrochromic contrast up to 30% at a switching speed of 3 s.
Analysis on channel thickness fluctuation scattering in InGaAs-OI MOSFETs (2013)

Effects of channel-thickness-fluctuation scattering on electron mobility have been analyzed and it was found that channel-thickness-fluctuation scattering is important parameters decide mobility in ETB III-V-OI MOSFETs. Also, we have clarified that the introduction of MOS interface buffer layer is effective to enhance mobility through the increase of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</sup> fluctuation.
EFFECTS OF CARBON MONOXIDE ON DPG CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ERYTHROCYTE (1970)

Peer Reviewed
Design and architecture of SIG the humanoid: an experimental platform for integrated perception in RoboCup humanoid challenge (2002)

In this paper, we report an initial design of humanoid head platform for RoboCup humanoid challenge. While many researches in RoboCup humanoid challenge naturally focus on walking and running behaviors, we focus on perception and high-level behavior issues using an upper-torso humanoid. We have designed a head/neck part of the humanoid with aesthetically designed appearance, and various processing for early perception and associated reflex. The goal of this paper is to illustrate issues in designing humanoid head platform for high-level cognition research, and provide some of initial insights obtained during the early stage of implementations. With regards to perception, the emphasis will be placed on how interaction between different perception channel and motor control can complement each other to improve processing.
GaInAsP lattice matched to GaAs for solar cell applications (2002)

Initial results in the development of GaInAsP (1.55 eV) solar cells lattice matched to GaAs are presented. The films are grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) on GaAs and on Ge substrates. As-grown films are n-type, with minority carrier lifetimes of up to 35 ns. p-on-p solar cells have been prepared, with AlGaAs window layers. Under AM1.5 direct light (100 mW/cm/sup 2/), a cell has been measured with a V/sub oc/ of 1.08 V, a J/sub sc/ of 20.6 mA/cm/sup 2/, a fill factor of 81.7%, and an active area efficiency of 18.2%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dueto: Accessible, Gaze-Operated Musical Expression (2019)

Gaze-tracking technologies can enable computer access for users who are unable to use standard input devices. However, using gaze as input poses challenges for interactions that require visual planning, like playing a digital instrument. We explore how multimodality can support eye-controlled musical expression by designing different multi-modal gaze interactions around a digital instrument we call Dueto. We tackle three design goals: creating an instrument that is explorable, easy to learn, and allows feature controllability. We showcase three different multimodal interactions for music playing such as eye gaze only, gaze + switch, and gaze + partner mode.
High‐Rate, Durable Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Enabled by Carbon‐Coated Micro‐Sized Na3V2(PO4)3 Particles with Interconnected Vertical Nanowalls (2016)

Na‐ion batteries have been regarded as promising alternatives for Li‐ion batteries due to the extensive sodium reserves in the world. Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 has been proved to be a good candidate of the cathode materials in Na‐ion batteries but the intrinsic low electrical conductivity and sluggish kinetics handicapped its application. Here, 3D hierarchical Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 particles are synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, constructed by carbon‐coated 2D Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanowalls. Superior cell performance of high rate capability and cycle stability are observed in the well‐defined structure. As the cathode in Na‐ion batteries, it delivers a high capacity almost reaching the theoretical one and exhibits high capacity retention. The enhanced rate capability and cycle performance can be attributed to the improved electrical conductivity from the interconnected carbon layer and the shortened ion diffusion length and high specific surface area from the nanowalls.
Fast Kalman Filtering and Forward–Backward Smoothing via a Low-Rank Perturbative Approach (2013)

AbstractKalman filtering-smoothing is a fundamental tool in statistical time-series analysis. However, standard implementations of the Kalman filter-smoother require O(d3) time and O(d2) space per time step, where d is the dimension of the state variable, and are therefore impractical in high-dimensional problems. In this article we note that if a relatively small number of observations are available per time step, the Kalman equations may be approximated in terms of a low-rank perturbation of the prior state covariance matrix in the absence of any observations. In many cases this approximation may be computed and updated very efficiently (often in just O(k2d) or O(k2d + kdlog d) time and space per time step, where k is the rank of the perturbation and in general k ≪ d), using fast methods from numerical linear algebra. We justify our approach and give bounds on the rank of the perturbation as a function of the desired accuracy. For the case of smoothing, we also quantify the error of our algorithm because of the low-rank approximation and show that it can be made arbitrarily low at the expense of a moderate computational cost. We describe applications involving smoothing of spatiotemporal neuroscience data. This article has online supplementary material.Key Words: Covariance approximationFast algorithmLow-rank methodsNumerical analysisTrackingView correction statement:Correction SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALAppendix.pdf: Appendix including the omitted proofs and further technical results. Section A deals with extensions to non-Gaussian measurements. Section B provides further analysis and tighter bounds for the effective rank. Section C provides the proof for Theorem 4.1 and discusses the convergence properties of the LRBT algorithm when applied in an iterative fashion. Section D discusses how the LRBT can be extended to provide estimates of the smoothed covariance in O(K(d)T) time and O(dT) space.Matlab code: Matlab code including routines for all the algorithms described in the paper (fast Kalman filter, LRBT, steepest descent LRBT, conjugate gradients with LRBT preconditioner). The wrapper code calls all the algorithms as well the exact Kalman filter and BT algorithms for the receptive field example presented in Section 5.1.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSLP is supported by a McKnight Scholar award, an NSF CAREER award, an NSF grant IIS-0904353, an NEI grant EY018003, and a DARPA contract N66001-11-1-4205. JH is supported by the Columbia College Rabi Scholars Program. The authors thank P. Jercog for kindly sharing his hippocampal data with us.
Assessing the function of pneumococcal neuraminidases NanA, NanB and NanC inin vitroandin vivolung infection models using monoclonal antibodies (2018)

Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates express up to three neuraminidases (sialidases), NanA, NanB and NanC, all of which cleave the terminal sialic acid of glycan-structures that decorate host cell surfaces. Most research has focused on the role of NanA with limited investigations evaluating the roles of all three neuraminidases in host-pathogen interactions. We generated two highly potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), one that blocks the enzymatic activity of NanA and one cross-neutralizing NanB and NanC. Total neuraminidase activity of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates could be inhibited by this mAb combination in enzymatic assays. To detect desialylation of cell surfaces by pneumococcal neuraminidases, primary human tracheal/bronchial mucocilial epithelial tissues were infected with S. pneumoniae and stained with peanut lectin. Simultaneous targeting of the neuraminidases was required to prevent desialylation, suggesting that inhibition of NanA alone is not sufficient to preserve terminal lung glycans. Importantly, we also found that all three neuraminidases increased the interaction of S. pneumoniae with human airway epithelial cells. Lectin-staining of lung tissues of mice pre-treated with mAbs before intranasal challenge with S. pneumoniae confirmed that both anti-NanA and anti-NanBC mAbs were required to effectively block desialylation of the respiratory epithelium in vivo. Despite this, no effect on survival, reduction in pulmonary bacterial load, or significant changes in cytokine responses were observed. This suggests that neuraminidases have no pivotal role in this murine pneumonia model that is induced by high bacterial challenge inocula and does not progress from colonization as it happens in the human host.
Stopping Autoinducer-2 Chatter by Means of an Indigenous Bacterium (Acinetobacter sp. DKY-1): A New Antibiofouling Strategy in a Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment (2018)

Bacterial quorum quenching (QQ) by means of degrading signaling molecules has been applied to antibiofouling strategies in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment. However, the target signaling molecules have been limited to N-acyl homoserine lactones participating in intraspecies quorum sensing. Here, an approach to disrupting autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling molecules participating in interspecies quorum sensing was pursued as a next-generation antibiofouling strategy in an MBR for wastewater treatment. We isolated an indigenous QQ bacterium ( Acinetobacter sp. DKY-1) that can attenuate the expression of the quorum-sensing (QS) response through the inactivation of an autoinducer-2 signaling molecule, 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD), among four kinds of autoinducer-2 QS bacteria. DKY-1 released AI-2 QQ compounds, which were verified to be hydrophilic with a molecular weight of <400 Da. The addition of DKY-1 entrapping beads into an MBR significantly decreased DPD concentration and remarkably reduced membrane biofouling. This new approach, combining molecular biology with wastewater engineering, could enlarge the range of QQ-MBR for antibiofouling and energy savings in the field of wastewater treatment.
Finding the positive feedback loops underlying multi-stationarity (2014)

Bistability is ubiquitous in biological systems. For example, bistability is found in many reaction networks that involve the control and execution of important biological functions, such as signalling processes. Positive feedback loops, composed of species and reactions, are necessary for bistability, and generally for multi-stationarity, to occur. These loops are therefore often used to illustrate and pinpoint the parts of a multi-stationary network that are relevant (`responsible') for the observed multi-stationarity. However positive feedback loops are generally abundant in reaction networks but not all of them are important for subsequent interpretation of the network's dynamics. We present an automated procedure to determine the relevant positive feedback loops of a multi-stationary reaction network. The procedure only reports the loops that are relevant for multi-stationarity (that is, when broken multi-stationarity disappears) and not all positive feedback loops of the network. We show that the relevant positive feedback loops must be understood in the context of the network (one loop might be relevant for one network, but cannot create multi-stationarity in another). Finally, we demonstrate the procedure by applying it to several examples of signaling processes, including a ubiquitination and an apoptosis network, and to models extracted from the Biomodels database. We have developed and implemented an automated procedure to find relevant positive feedback loops in reaction networks. The results of the procedure are useful for interpretation and summary of the network's dynamics.
Cellular compartments cause multistability in biochemical reaction networks and allow cells to process more information (2012)

Many biological, physical, and social interactions have a particular dependence on where they take place. In living cells, protein movement between the nucleus and cytoplasm affects cellular response (i.e., proteins must be present in the nucleus to regulate their target genes). Here we use recent developments from dynamical systems and chemical reaction network theory to identify and characterize the key-role of the spatial organization of eukaryotic cells in cellular information processing. In particular the existence of distinct compartments plays a pivotal role in whether a system is capable of multistationarity (multiple response states), and is thus directly linked to the amount of information that the signaling molecules can represent in the nucleus. Multistationarity provides a mechanism for switching between different response states in cell signaling systems and enables multiple outcomes for cellular-decision making. We find that introducing species localization can alter the capacity for multistationarity and mathematically demonstrate that shuttling confers flexibility for and greater control of the emergence of an all-or-none response.
On the Effect of Mobile Device Shape Characteristics to Interconnection Noise Coupling to an RF Chip Antenna (2006)

Digital interconnections in mobile devices can cause radiative coupling to RF antennas and devices. This paper discusses measurements and modeling of coupling from a digital interconnection to an RF chip antenna with various positional and device shape characteristics
Optically Powered, Optoelectronic Spatial Light Modulators (1993)

We describe a program which endeavors to make significant progress towards the realization of very high density, fast, InP-based optoelectronic spatial light modulators (SLMs). The central concept of the devices is to eliminate as many contacts to the SLM as possible by supplying integral, local circuit power and control via the connection of the active circuit to integrated photovoltaic (PV) cells. Power to the circuits is thereby supplied by a bright light source operating at a different wavelength than the optical data channel. The SLM will be fabricated in InP-based materials due to the ease of integration of photovoltaic cells (used in providing circuit power and control), with high bandwidth transceiver optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs). Work includes materials and device fabrication, packaging and systems demonstrations. In addition to applications in optical interconnection and optical computing, such contactless circuit concepts can also be applied to many diverse systems such as for providing highly synchronous optical clock signals on VLSI chips, and for powering OEICs placed at the end of remote probes where size, power, and environmental restrictions prohibit the placement of the power source adjacent to the active electronics. We are engaged in a broad program directed at investigating the fundamental limits confronting materials, devices, circuits and systems which make use of the family of novel devices which are based on the optical powering concept. Smart pixels, Optoelectronic integrated circuits, Spatial light modulators
In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Resistance Profile of the Next-Generation Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor Glecaprevir (2017)

Glecaprevir (formerly ABT-493) is a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor (PI) with pangenotypic activity. It inhibited the enzymatic activity of purified NS3/4A proteases from HCV genotypes 1 to 6 <i>in vitro</i> (half-maximal [50%] inhibitory concentration = 3.5 to 11.3 nM) and the replication of stable HCV subgenomic replicons containing proteases from genotypes 1 to 6 (50% effective concentration [EC<sub>50</sub>] = 0.21 to 4.6 nM). Glecaprevir had a median EC<sub>50</sub> of 0.30 nM (range, 0.05 to 3.8 nM) for HCV replicons containing proteases from 40 samples from patients infected with HCV genotypes 1 to 5. Importantly, glecaprevir was active against the protease from genotype 3, the most-difficult-to-treat HCV genotype, in both enzymatic and replicon assays demonstrating comparable activity against the other HCV genotypes. In drug-resistant colony selection studies, glecaprevir generally selected substitutions at NS3 amino acid position A156 in replicons containing proteases from genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, and 4a and substitutions at position D/Q168 in replicons containing proteases from genotypes 3a, 5a, and 6a. Although the substitutions A156T and A156V in NS3 of genotype 1 reduced susceptibility to glecaprevir, replicons with these substitutions demonstrated a low replication efficiency <i>in vitro</i> Glecaprevir is active against HCV with most of the common NS3 amino acid substitutions that are associated with reduced susceptibility to other currently approved HCV PIs, including those at positions 155 and 168. Combination of glecaprevir with HCV inhibitors with other mechanisms of action resulted in additive or synergistic antiviral activity. In summary, glecaprevir is a next-generation HCV PI with potent pangenotypic activity and a high barrier to the development of resistance.
Self‐Assembly of Colloidal Spheres toward Fabrication of Hierarchical and Periodic Nanostructures for Technological Applications (2019)

Abstract The current research status on the self‐assembly of colloidal spheres for the fabrication of various hierarchical and periodic nanostructures is summarized, in which these structures exhibit unique properties for different technological applications in plasmonics, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, solar cells, and others. The fundamentals of colloidal self‐assembly are first introduced. After which, the functions of the obtained monolayer of colloidal spheres (e.g., nanosphere monolayer) to act as the patterned mask for the subsequent pattern transfer onto underlying substrates are thoroughly discussed. In employing these nanosphere lithography techniques and fabrication templates, the focus switches to the successive construction of numerous nanostructures and their promising utilizations in a wide range of application domains. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities of colloidal self‐assembly are presented. This review not only aims to provide further insights for researchers to enable the ingenious designs of nanostructures, but also to facilitate the exciting research and development utilizing colloidal self‐assembly for future manufacturing technologies.