gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA class I genes integrated into murine cells are inducible by interferon (1983)

In human cells treated with interferon, there is an increase in the amount of HLA-A, B, C mRNA and, to a lower extent, membrane-bound antigen. However, the mechanism of this mRNA enhancement is still unknown. Using mouse L cells transfected with a unique class I HLA gene, we were able to show that both the related HLA mRNA and protein are increased after murine but not human interferon treatment. Moreover, the discrepancy between interferon-directed HLA mRNA and protein enhancement is also observed. The mouse transfected cells allowed us to study more precisely the origin of this discrepancy.
Adult skin fibroblast state change in murine wound healing (2023)

Wound healing is a well-organized dynamic process involving coordinated consecutive phases: homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation and resolution. Fibroblasts play major roles in skin wound healing such as in wound contraction and release of growth factors which are of importance in angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. Abnormal fibroblast phenotypes have been identified in patients with chronic wounds. In this work, we analyzed scRNA-seq datasets of normal and wounded skin from mice at day 4 post-wound to investigate fibroblast heterogeneity during the proliferative phase of wound healing. Compositional analysis revealed a specific subset of fibroblast (cluster 3) that primarily increased in wounded skin (14%) compared to normal skin (3.9%). This subset was characterized by a gene signature marked by the plasma membrane proteins Sfrp2 + Sfrp4 + Sfrp1 + and the transcription factors Ebf1 + Prrx1 + Maged1 + . Differential gene expression and enrichment analysis identified epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis to be upregulated in the emerging subset of fibroblasts of the wounded skin. Using two other datasets for murine wounded skin confirmed the increase in cluster 3-like fibroblasts at days 2, 7 and 14 post-wounding with a peak at day 7. By performing a similarity check between the differential gene expression profile between wounded and normal skin for this emerging fibroblast subset with drug signature from the ConnectivityMap database, we identified drugs capable of mimicking the observed gene expression change in fibroblasts during wound healing. TTNPB, verteprofin and nicotinic acid were identified as candidate drugs capable of inducing fibroblast gene expression profile necessary for wound healing. On the other hand, methocarbamol, ifosfamide and penbutolol were recognized to antagonize the identified fibroblast differential expression profile during wound healing which might cause delay in wound healing. Taken together, analysis of murine transcriptomic skin wound healing datasets suggested a subset of fibroblasts capable of inducing EMT and further inferred drugs that might be tested as potential candidates to induce wound closure.
Altered respiratory related bursting of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans with essential hypertension (2011)

Elevation in the respiratory modulation of sympathetic activity contributes to the elevated vascular resistance and blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. It is presently unclear whether respiratory related fluctuations in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) are altered in human essential hypertension. To investigate this, multiunit recordings of postganglionic MSNA (microneurography) were obtained in hypertensive patients (n=10, 62±2 years) and normotensive controls (n=6, 59±2 years with comparable BMI (~27 kg·m2). Respiratory movements (strain gauge pneumobelt), heart rate (HR; ECG) and BP (Finometer) were monitored while subjects lay supine, breathing normally. After correcting for nerve conduction delays respiratory cycle triggered averaging of MSNA was performed. Mean BP was higher in the hypertensive group (106±2 vs. 83±3 mmHg, P<0.05), while HR was similar between groups. Notably, MSNA burst incidence (i.e. percentage of cardiac cycles associated with a MSNA burst) during the inspiratory to post-inspiratory period tended to be greater in hypertensives than controls (39±6 vs. 20±5 bursts·100 heart beats−1; P=0.058), but was similar in both groups during mid-to-late expiration (P=0.464). These data suggest that the cyclic inhibition of MSNA during respiration is attenuated in patients with essential hypertension.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐(2,2′‐bipyridinyl)propanoic Acids. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Effectiveness–Number of Transfer Units Relationship for Evaporators With Non-negligible Boiling Point Elevation Increases (2016)

An effectiveness number of transfer units (ε–NTU) model is developed for use in evaporators where the evaporating stream: (1) comprises a volatile solvent and nonvolatile solute(s) and (2) undergoes a significant, but linear change in boiling point elevation (BPE) with increasing solute molality. The model is applicable to evaporators driven by an isothermal stream (e.g., steam-driven or refrigerant-driven) in parallel flow, counterflow, and crossflow configurations where the evaporating stream is mixed. The model is of use in a variety of process engineering applications as well as the sizing and rating of evaporators in high-salinity desalination systems.
Histopathology of 460 liver allografts removed at retransplantation: A shift in disease patterns over 27 years (2018)

We observed a shift in histopathology of failed liver grafts, with increasing relevance of chronic idiopathic hepatitis associated with progressive fibrosis and graft failure.
Polymerase Chain Reaction and Other Methods for In Vitro DNA Amplification (1999)

There are two basic reasons why direct amplification of DNA is a vital part of DNA analysis. First, DNA amplification provides a route to an essentially limitless supply of material. The second rationale behind DNA amplification is that selective amplification of a region of a genome, chromosome, or sample provides a relatively easy way to purify that segment from the bulk. There are several overwhelming advantages of in vitro amplification. The major limitation of existing in vitro amplification methods until recently is that they were restricted to relatively short stretches of DNA, typically less than 5 kb. As discussed in this chapter, new long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures have extended the range of in vitro amplification up to about 20 kb.
Purification and Characterization of Recombinant N-Terminally Pyroglutamate-Modified Amyloid-β Variants and Structural Analysis by Solution NMR Spectroscopy (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Pathological hallmark of AD brains are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaques. The major component of these plaques is the highly heterogeneous amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, varying in length and modification. In recent years pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-β (pEAβ) peptides have increasingly moved into the focus since they have been described to be the predominant species of all N-terminally truncated Aβ. Compared to unmodified Aβ, pEAβ is known to show increased hydrophobicity, higher toxicity, faster aggregation and β-sheet stabilization and is more resistant to degradation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a particularly powerful method to investigate the conformations of pEAβ isoforms in solution and to study peptide/ligand interactions for drug development. However, biophysical characterization of pEAβ and comparison to its non-modified variant has so far been seriously hampered by the lack of highly pure recombinant and isotope-enriched protein. Here we present, to our knowledge, for the first time a reproducible protocol for the production of pEAβ from a recombinant precursor expressed in E. coli in natural isotope abundance as well as in uniformly [U-15N]- or [U-13C, 15N]-labeled form, with yields of up to 15 mg/l E. coli culture broth. The chemical state of the purified protein was evaluated by RP-HPLC and formation of pyroglutamate was verified by mass spectroscopy. The recombinant pyroglutamate-modified Aβ peptides showed characteristic sigmoidal aggregation kinetics as monitored by thioflavin-T assays. The quality and quantity of produced pEAβ40 and pEAβ42 allowed us to perform heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy in solution and to sequence-specifically assign the backbone resonances under near-physiological conditions. Our results suggest that the presented method will be useful in obtaining cost-effective high-quality recombinant pEAβ40 and pEAβ42 for further physiological and biochemical studies.
DBMS Research at a Crossroads: The Vienna Update (1993)

On April 23, 1993 a panel discussion was held at the IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering in Vienna, Austria, at which five members of the data base research community discussed future research topics in the DBMS area. This paper summarizes the discussion which took place. The panel followed a similar format to that used at Laguna Beach four years earlier, and four of the five panelists attended the earlier conference. As such, we contrast the recommendations of the Laguna Beach participants with those obtained four years later by a similar group. 1. INTRODUCTION In February 1989, an informal workshop was held in Laguna Beach, California, attended by 7 senior DBMS researchers from Germany and 9 from the USA. This workshop was organized by Erich Neuhold of GMD and Michael Stonebraker of Berkeley, and sponsored by the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI). The purpose of that workshop was to discuss what DBMS topics deserve research attention in the future. Durin...
Manufacturability and reliability of fine pitch wirebonding (2004)

Fine pitch wirebonding is driven by the need to make smaller die with a higher I/O count. The difficulty of deciding whether or not a fine pitch wirebond process can be considered manufacturable is addressed in this paper. An equation to measure this 'manufacturability' is mathematically derived and employed. Experiments are performed to evaluate other effects that challenge fine pitch wirebonding.
Characterization of the Aldolase B Intronic Enhancer (1998)

The aldolase B gene is transcribed at a high level in the liver, kidney, and small intestine. This high level of gene expression results from cooperation between a weak but liver-specific promoter and an intronic activator. A deletional study of this activator present in the first intron allowed us to ascribe the maximal enhancer function to a 400-base pair (bp) fragment (+1916 to + 2329). This enhancer is highly liver-specific and enhances the activity of heterologous minimal promoters in a position and distance-independent fashion in transiently transfected Hep G2 hepatoma cells. The aldolase B enhancer is composed of two domains, a 200-bp module (Ba) inactive by itself but which synergizes with another 200-bp module (Bb) that alone retains 25% of the total enhancer activity. The Bb sequence is 76% homologous between human and rat genes and contains several binding sites for liver-enriched nuclear factors. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that elements 5 and 7 bind hepatic nuclear factor 1 (HNF1), whereas element 2 binds hepatic nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). A functional analysis of the enhancer whose elements have been mutated demonstrated that mutation of any of the HNF1 sites totally suppressed enhancer activity, whereas mutation of the HNF4-binding site reduced it by 80%.
A Surprisingly Large Thermal Hysteresis Loop in a Reversible Phase Transition of RbxMn[Fe(CN)6](x+2)/3·zH2O (2004)

A series of RbxMn[Fe(CN)6](x+2)/3·zH2O compounds (x = 0.94 (1), x = 0.85 (2), and x = 0.73 (3)) showed a temperature-induced phase transition with a thermal hysteresis loop, which is caused by the charge transfer from MnII to FeIII and a Jahn−Teller distortion of the produced MnIII. The transition temperature Tp and the width of a thermal hysteresis loop ΔT systematically changed with decreasing Fe/Mn ratio of (x + 2)/3; i.e., the Tp value decreased (Tp = 259 K (1), 236 K (2), and 205 K (3)) and the ΔT value increased (ΔT = 86 K (1), 94 K (2), and 116 K (3)). It is noteworthy that a surprisingly large ΔT value of 116 K was recorded for 3. The trends of the Tp shift and ΔT expansion were understood by the variation in the transition enthalpy based on the thermodynamical analysis. The crystal structures of the low-temperature (LT) phase for 1 and 2 were tetragonal structures, while the LT phase for 3 had a cubic structure. This difference is because the Jahn−Teller elongation of MnIII is randomly oriented due to a low MnIII/(MnII + MnIII) ratio in the LT phase for 3.
Three-Dimensional Modeling of Solder Shape for the Design of Solder Self-Assembled Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (1999)

Abstract Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can be assembled by harnessing the surface tension of liquid solder. In order to assemble the MEMS to precise positions, the shape of the solder, of a given volume, must be known. This paper presents two methods of modeling the shape of solder wetted between two MEMS plates. One method accurately models the solder shape by finding the minimum surface energy shape. A second, less accurate but faster, method approximates the solder shape using simple geometric shapes. The geometric shape model can be trained to be just as accurate as the minimum surface energy model.
Strain and Architecture-Tuned Reactivity in Ceria Nanostructures; Enhanced Catalytic Oxidation of CO to CO2 (2012)

Atomistic simulations reveal that the chemical reactivity of ceria nanorods is increased when tensioned and reduced when compressed promising strain-tunable reactivity; the reactivity is determined by calculating the energy required to oxidize CO to CO2 by extracting oxygen from the surface of the nanorod. Visual reactivity “fingerprints”, where surface oxygens are colored according to calculated chemical reactivity, are presented for ceria nanomaterials including: nanoparticles, nanorods, and mesoporous architectures. The images reveal directly how the nanoarchitecture (size, shape, channel curvature, morphology) and microstructure (dislocations, grain-boundaries) influences chemical reactivity. We show the generality of the approach, and its relevance to a variety of important processes and applications, by using the method to help understand: TiO2 nanoparticles (photocatalysis), mesoporous ZnS (semiconductor band gap engineering), MgO (catalysis), CeO2/YSZ interfaces (strained thin films; solid oxide fuel cells/nanoionics), and Li-MnO2 (lithiation induced strain; energy storage).
Changes in the Composition and Content of Volatile Constituents in Peach Fruits in Relation to Maturity at Harvest and Artificial Ripening. (1991)

in the composition and amounts of volatile constituents in white peach cv. Hakuho before and after artificial ripening, were investigated in fruits picked at three different maturity stages, in order to determine the optimum time for harvest in relation to some quality attributes. ing for 4 days including postharvest handling.
Engineering of a Potent, Long-Acting NPY2R Agonist for Combination with a GLP-1R Agonist as a Multi-Hormonal Treatment for Obesity (2020)

Bariatric surgery results in increased intestinal secretion of hormones GLP-1 and anorexigenic PYY, which is believed to contribute to the clinical efficacy associated with the procedure. This observation raises the question whether combination treatment with gut hormone analogs might recapitulate the efficacy and mitigate the significant risks associated with surgery. Despite PYY demonstrating excellent efficacy and safety profiles with regard to food intake reduction, weight loss, and glucose control in preclinical animal models, PYY-based therapeutic development remains challenging given a low serum stability and half-life for the native peptide. Here, combined peptide stapling and PEG-fatty acid conjugation affords potent PYY analogs with >14 h rat half-lives, which are expected to translate into a human half-life suitable for once-weekly dosing. Excellent efficacy in glucose control, food intake reduction, and weight loss for lead candidate <b>22</b> in combination with our previously reported long-acting GLP-1 analog is demonstrated in a diet-induced obesity mouse model.
Synthesis and In Vivo Evaluation ofp-18F-Fluorohippurate as a New Radiopharmaceutical for Assessment of Renal Function by PET (2010)

These combined results warrant further investigation of 18F-PFH as a radiopharmaceutical for the assessment of renal function by PET.
A novel low-light-level optical switch by using nano-opto-mechanics technology (2017)

An all-optical switch that controls a strong light with a weak one based on nonlinear cavity enhanced optomechanical effect is demonstrated. It consists of a micro-ring resonator with suspension arcs, and a bus waveguide. “On” and “off” states of the probe light depend on the position of the suspension arcs that is under the control by a weak signal light. By use of nano-opto-mechanics system (NOMS) technology, the device is fabricated on silicon photonics platform with a foot-print size of only 50 μm × 50 μm. The switch is studied through both modeling and experiment. The observed control light is 380 times smaller in intensity than the probe light. Potential applications of this switch include quantum information networks, optical memories, on-chip optical signal processing, etc.
Enhancements of BST Thin Film Varactors with SmScO3 Buffer Layer on Sapphire Substrate (2022)

This study analyzes the effects of adding a SmScO3 (SSO) buffer layer to the sapphire substrate for barium strontium titanate (BST) thin film varactors. The varactors are fabricated on SSO buffered sapphire substrates at two different electrode and BST thicknesses. The devices are tested from 0 to 40 GHz, applying a DC bias. capacitance vs voltage, and Q vs voltage were obtained from the swept frequency scattering parameters. The study also demonstrates an overall higher tuning ratio and competitive Q for the SSO buffered devices.
The effects of high-energy ion irradiations on the I–V characteristics of silicon NPN transistors (2018)

The silicon NPN rf power transistors were irradiated with different linear energy transfer (LET) ions such as 50 MeV Li3+, 80 MeV C6+ and 150 MeV Ag12+ ions in the dose range of 1–100 Mrad. The SRIM simulation was used to understand the energy loss and range of these ions in the transistor structure. The different electrical parameters such as Gummel characteristics, excess base current (ΔIB), DC current gain (hFE), displacement damage factor (K) and output characteristics were systematically studied before and after irradiation. The ion irradiation results were compared with 60Co-gamma irradiation result in the same dose range. A considerable increase in base current (IB) and a decrease in hFE and ICSat were observed after irradiation. The degradation in the electrical parameters was comparably very high for Ag12+ ion-irradiated transistor when compared to other ion-irradiated transistors, whereas the degradation in the electrical parameters for Li3+ and C6+ ion-irradiated transistors was comparable with gamma-irradiated transistor. The isochronal annealing study was conducted on the 100 Mrad irradiated transistors up to 500°C to analyze the recovery in different electrical parameters. The hFE and other electrical parameters of irradiated transistors were almost recovered after 500°C for 50 MeV Li3+, 80 MeV C6+ ion and 60Co-gamma-irradiated transistors, whereas for 150 MeV Ag12+ ion-irradiated transistor, the recovery in electrical characteristics is not complete.
(Plenary) The Future of Heterogeneous and Diversified ULSI Nanoelectronics (2013)

Nanoelectronics will have to face major challenges in the next decades in order to proceed with increasing progress to the sub 10 nm nodes level and face the challenge to approach zero variability. The main requirements will be to reduce leakage currents and reduce access resistances at the same time in order to fully exploit 3D integration at the device, elementary function, chip and system. New progress laws combined to the scaling down of CMOS based technology will emerge to enable new paths to Functional Diversification. New materials and disruptive architectures, mixing logic and memories, Heterogeneous Integration, introducing 3D schemes at the Front End and Back End levels, will come into play to make it possible
Spectroscopic characterization of selected β‐ sheet hairpin models (2002)

The IR and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of a model two-stranded beta hairpin are compared to those of a related cyclic two-stranded model, which are both stabilized by DPro- Gly turns. The spectra are compared to ab initio based simulations to support specific assignments of the dominant features and suggest a revised interpretation of the IR and VCD spectra for beta sheet containing proteins.
Development of an arc root model for studying the electrode vaporization and its influence on arc dynamics (2020)

Plasma–solid interaction represents a major concern in many applications such as power-interruption and plasma–metal processing. Characterized by high-current density and voltage drop, the arc roots dissipate intensive heat to electrode vaporization, which participates in the ionization and, thereby, significantly alters the plasma properties and gas dynamics. Most of the arc root models feature approaches based on surface temperature or (temperature dependent) current density. Due to the complexity of conjugated heat transfer across arc roots involving three-phase interactions of plasma with liquid spots and solid electrodes, accurately determining the surface temperature distribution is extremely computationally demanding. Hence, models hitherto fail to quantitatively estimate neither the molten spot size nor the total amount of vaporization. In this work, we propose an arc root model featuring a hemispherical structure that correlates the molten spot size with the heat partition between conduction and vaporization to estimate the energy dissipation at arc roots and, thus, to trace the vaporization rate. Following local partial pressure adjusted Langmuir vaporization, we deduce an analytical solution of molten spot size for quasi-steady-state, which compares favorably with experiments. Specifically, the vaporization dominates over conduction for large molten spots as in the case of high-current arcs. However, for low-current arcs, the vaporization heat is trivial compared with conduction. Furthermore, we integrate this arc root model into a study case of arc plasma based on the magnetohydrodynamics method. The simulated arc voltage and arc displacement match with the experiment. This model is expected to find broad applications in power interruption and plasma etching.
Hyperuniformity and anti-hyperuniformity in one-dimensional substitution tilings (2018)

This work considers the scaling properties characterizing the hyperuniformity (or anti-hyperuniformity) of long-wavelength fluctuations in a broad class of one-dimensional substitution tilings. A simple argument is presented which predicts the exponent α governing the scaling of Fourier intensities at small wavenumbers, tilings with α > 0 being hyperuniform, and numerical computations confirm that the predictions are accurate for quasiperiodic tilings, tilings with singular continuous spectra and limit-periodic tilings. Quasiperiodic or singular continuous cases can be constructed with α arbitrarily close to any given value between -1 and 3. Limit-periodic tilings can be constructed with α between -1 and 1 or with Fourier intensities that approach zero faster than any power law.