gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased B-lymphopoiesis by interleukin 7 induces bone loss in mice with intact ovarian function: Similarity to estrogen deficiency (1997)

Estrogen deficiency caused by ovariectomy (OVX) results in a marked bone loss due to stimulated bone resorption by osteoclasts. During our investigations of the pathogenesis of bone loss in estrogen deficiency, we found that OVX selectively stimulates B-lymphopoiesis which results in marked accumulation of B220-positive pre-B cells in mouse bone marrow. To examine the possible correlation between stimulated B-lymphopoiesis and bone loss, 8-week-old female mice were treated with interleukin (IL) 7, which stimulates B-lymphopoiesis in bone marrow. We also examined bone mass in IL-7 receptor-knockout mice that exhibit marked suppression of B-lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow. The increased B-lymphopoiesis induced by IL-7 administration resulted in marked bone loss by stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption in mice with intact ovarian function. The changes in both B-lymphopoiesis and bone mass in IL-7-treated female mice were similar to those in age-matched OVX mice. In contrast, the trabecular bone volume of the femur was greatly increased in both female and male IL-7 receptor-knockout mice when compared with the respective wild-type and heterozygous littermates. These results show that the perturbation of B-lymphopoiesis in the bone marrow is closely linked to the change in bone mass. We propose here that the increased B-lymphopoiesis due to estrogen deficiency is involved in the mechanism of stimulated bone resorption.
Polymer Charge Transport: Charge‐Transport Anisotropy Due to Grain Boundaries in Directionally Crystallized Thin Films of Regioregular Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (Adv. Mater. 16/2009) (2009)

Grain boundaries can be engineered in directionally oriented thin films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) report Alberto Salleo and co-workers on p. 1568. Charge-transport studies coupled with X-ray and AFM characterization indicate that intergrain transport is greatly facilitated when neighboring grains can be bridged by relatively straight polymer chains.
14 dB Gain, 1.3 ¿m Diode Laser Amplifier with Reshaping Capability Using Main-Mode Suppression and Injection Technique (2006)

A novel and cost-effective 1.3 mum diode laser amplifier with reshaping capability using main-mode suppression and injection technique is proposed. 14-dB gain and 10-Gb/s transmission over 60-km with power penalty <0.84 dB are achieved
Coupled Spiral Interferometers (2014)

Coupled resonant optical waveguides (CROWs) exhibit unique abilities to support broadband slow light and steeply sloped resonances, which have important applications in many branches of photonics. These features, however, generally require coupling a large number N of resonators, which compromises compactness and thermal stability. Here, we introduce a class of optical interferometers that exhibit similar properties as CROWs, while occupying a much smaller area (~1/N) and being consequently more stable. Called a coupled spiral interferometer (CSPIN), it consists of a spiral waveguide with continuous coupling between the spiral's arms, which induces radial energy exchange between arms. We show through numerical simulations that with suitable design, this coupling mechanism efficiently traps light inside the spiral. With proper choice of N and the sequence of coupling coefficients between arms, a CSPIN can be engineered to behave like a ring resonator or various types of CROWs and to support strong slow light, fast light, broadband slow light, and/or light of negative group index.
WSN03-6: Assuring K-Coverage in the Presence of Mobility in Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

Along with energy conservation, it has been a critical issue to maintain a desired degree of coverage in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), especially in a mobile environment. By enhancing a variant of random waypoint (RWP) model, we propose mobility resilient coverage control (MRCC) to assure if-coverage in the presence of mobility. Our basic goals are (1) to elaborate the probability of breaking if-coverage with moving-in and moving-out probabilities, and (2) to issue wake-up calls to sleeping sensors to meet user requirement of if-coverage even in the presence of mobility. Furthermore, by separating the mobility behavior into average and individual, the probability of breaking if-coverage can be precisely calculated, hence reducing the number of sensors to be awakened. Our experiments with NS2 show that MRCC with the individual probability achieves better coverage by 1.4% with 22% fewer numbers of active sensors than that of existing coverage configuration protocol (CCP).
Portable instrument for the detection and identification of air pollutants (1984)

The recently completed instrument comprises four electrochemical sensors that respond to toxic gases and two heated noble-metal filaments that cause many compounds to be partially pyrolyzed or oxidized in air. The sensors can be rapidly switched to one of several operating modes providing 16 independant data channels. The instrument fits into a camera case, weighs 15 pounds, and can operate for at least 4 hours on self-contained rechargeable batteries. When monitoring the presence of any unknown contaminant, the sensor array is connected to the sampling probe and signals the presence of a possibly hazardous species. A sample is then collected, passed through the sensor array and the relative magnitudes of the response signals provide the information needed to identify the sample. 7 references, 4 figures, 1 table. (MF)
Software implementation of Tate pairing over GF(2/sup m/) (2006)

Recently, the interest about the Tate pairing over binary fields has decreased due to the existence of efficient attacks to the discrete logarithm problem in the subgroups of such fields. We show that the choice of fields of large size to make these attacks infeasible does not lead to a degradation of the computation performance of the pairing. We describe and evaluate by simulation an implementation of the Tate pairing that allows to achieve good timing results, comparable with those reported in the literature but with a higher level of security
Molecular alignment and orientation with a hybrid Raman scattering technique (2012)

We demonstrate a scheme for the preparation of molecular alignment and angular momentum orientation using a hybrid combination of two limits of Raman scattering. First a weak, impulsive pump pulse initializes the system via the nonresonant dynamic Stark effect. Then, having overcome the influence of the vacuum fluctuations, an amplification pulse selectively enhances the initial coherences by transient stimulated Raman scattering, generating alignment and angular momentum orientation of molecular hydrogen. The amplitude and phase of the resulting coherent dynamics are experimentally probed, indicating an amplification factor of $4.5$. An analytic theory is developed to model the dynamics.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Rollicosin (2005)

[structure: see text] The first total synthesis of rollicosin, a member of a rare subgroup of Annonaceous acetogenins containing two terminal gamma-lactones, is reported. The approach features a highly regio- and stereoselective tandem ring-closing/cross-metathesis reaction for construction of the east-wing lactone and incorporation of the alkyl spacer. Establishment of the C4 stereocenter and addition of the west-wing lactone were achieved by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and enolate alkylation.
Targeted Covariate-Adjusted Response–Adaptive LASSO-Based Randomized Controlled Trials (2015)

This chapter is devoted to the study of a so-called group-sequential CARA randomized controlled trial (RCT), with a particular focus on incorporating more flexible (i.e., data-adaptive) techniques to model the response. A CARA RCT is covariate-adjusted: the treatment randomization schemes are allowed to be a function of the patients’ pre-treatment covariates. In addition, a CARA RCT is response-adaptive: the investigators have the opportunity to adjust these schemes during the course of the trial based on accruing information, including previous responses, in order to meet some pre-specified objectives. In a group-sequential CARA RCT, the latter adjustments are made at interim time points given by sequential inclusion of blocks of c patients, where c ≥ 1 is a pre-specified integer. We consider the case of c = 1 for simplicity of exposition, though the discussions generalize to any c &gt; 1.
EGFL7 loss correlates with increased VEGF-D expression, upregulating hippocampal adult neurogenesis and improving spatial learning and memory (2023)

Neural stem cells reside in the subgranular zone, a specialized neurogenic niche of the hippocampus. Throughout adulthood, these cells give rise to neurons in the dentate gyrus, playing an important role in learning and memory. Given that these core cognitive processes are disrupted in numerous disease states, understanding the underlying mechanisms of neural stem cell proliferation in the subgranular zone is of direct practical interest. Here, we report that mature neurons, neural stem cells and neural precursor cells each secrete the neurovascular protein epidermal growth factor-like protein 7 (EGFL7) to shape this hippocampal niche. We further demonstrate that EGFL7 knock-out in a Nestin-CreERT2-based mouse model produces a pronounced upregulation of neurogenesis within the subgranular zone. RNA sequencing identified that the increased expression of the cytokine VEGF-D correlates significantly with the ablation of EGFL7. We substantiate this finding with intraventricular infusion of VEGF-D upregulating neurogenesis in vivo and further show that VEGF-D knock-out produces a downregulation of neurogenesis. Finally, behavioral studies in EGFL7 knock-out mice demonstrate greater maintenance of spatial memory and improved memory consolidation in the hippocampus by modulation of pattern separation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that both EGFL7 and VEGF-D affect neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, with the ablation of EGFL7 upregulating neurogenesis, increasing spatial learning and memory, and correlating with increased VEGF-D expression.
Interferometric characterization of a sub-wavelength near-infrared negative index metamaterial (2010)

Negative phase advance through a single layer of near-IR negative index metamaterial (NIM) is identified through interferometric measurements. The NIM unit cell, sub-wavelength in both the lateral and light propagation directions, is comprised of a pair of Au strips separated by two dielectric and one Au film. Numerical simulations show that the negative phase advance through the single-layer sample is consistent with the negative index exhibited by a bulk material comprised of multiple layers of the same structure. We also numerically demonstrate that the negative index band persists in the lossless limit.
Alkali-metal batteries with a dendrite-free anode interfacing an organic liquid electrolyte (2023)

A rechargeable battery cell has an organic-liquid electrolyte contacting a dendrite free alkali-metal anode. The alkali-metal anode may be a liquid at the operating temperature that is immobilized by absorption into a porous membrane. The alkali-metal anode may be a solid that wets a porous-membrane separator, where the contact between the solid alkali-metal anode and the liquid electrolyte is at micropores or nanopores in the porous-membrane separator. The use of a dendrite-free solid lithium cell was demonstrated in a symmetric cell with a porous cellulose-based separator membrane. A K+-ion rechargeable cell was demonstrated with a liquid K—Na alloy anode immobilized in a porous carbon membrane using an organic-liquid electrolyte with a Celgard® or glass-fiber separator.
Screening Lung Diseases Using Cascaded Feature Generation and Selection Strategies (2022)

The global pandemic COVID-19 is still a cause of a health emergency in several parts of the world. Apart from standard testing techniques to identify positive cases, auxiliary tools based on artificial intelligence can help with the identification and containment of the disease. The need for the development of alternative smart diagnostic tools to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has become more urgent. In this study, a smart auxiliary framework based on machine learning (ML) is proposed; it can help medical practitioners in the identification of COVID-19-affected patients, among others with pneumonia and healthy individuals, and can help in monitoring the status of COVID-19 cases using X-ray images. We investigated the application of transfer-learning (TL) networks and various feature-selection techniques for improving the classification accuracy of ML classifiers. Three different TL networks were tested to generate relevant features from images; these TL networks include AlexNet, ResNet101, and SqueezeNet. The generated relevant features were further refined by applying feature-selection methods that include iterative neighborhood component analysis (iNCA), iterative chi-square (iChi2), and iterative maximum relevance-minimum redundancy (iMRMR). Finally, classification was performed using convolutional neural network (CNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Moreover, the study exploited stationary wavelet (SW) transform to handle the overfitting problem by decomposing each image in the training set up to three levels. Furthermore, it enhanced the dataset, using various operations as data-augmentation techniques, including random rotation, translation, and shear operations. The analysis revealed that the combination of AlexNet, ResNet101, SqueezeNet, iChi2, and SVM was very effective in the classification of X-ray images, producing a classification accuracy of 99.2%. Similarly, AlexNet, ResNet101, and SqueezeNet, along with iChi2 and the proposed CNN network, yielded 99.0% accuracy. The results showed that the cascaded feature generator and selection strategies significantly affected the performance accuracy of the classifier.
Stable, high-efficiency CuInSe/sub 2/-based polycrystalline thin-film tandem solar cells. First quarterly report, 16 March-16 June 1984 (1984)

CuInSe/sub 2//CdS-CdTe/CdS tandem cells have been made with an open-circuit voltage greater than 1 V and an efficiency of approximately 3%. The CuInSe/sub 2/ cells were able to withstand the 300/sup 0/ to 400/sup 0/C deposition temperature required to make the CdTe cells. The efficiency of the individual CuInSe/sub 2//CdS cells has also been improved by reducing the thickness of the CdS. Problems continue to persist in making low resistivity p-type CdTe films and in making a stable ohmic contact to the CdTe.
On Correlation between Structural Properties and Viral Escape Measurements from Deep Mutational Scanning (2022)

Encouraged by recent efforts to map responses of SARS-CoV-2 mutations to various antibody treatments with deep mutational scanning, we explored the possibility of tying measurable structural contact information from the binding complexes of antibodies and their targets to experimentally determined viral escape responses. With just a single crystal structure for each binding complex, we find that the average correlation coefficient R is surprisingly high at 0.76. Our two methods for calculating contact information use binary contacts measured between all residues of two proteins. By varying the parameters to obtain binary contacts, we find that 3.6 Å and 7 Å are pivotal distances to toggle the binary step function when tallying the contacts for each method. The correlations are improved by short simulations (∼25 ns), which increase average R to 0.78. With blind tests using the random forest model, we can further improve average R to 0.84. These easy-to-implement measurements can be utilized in computational screening of viral mutations that escape antibody treatments and potentially other protein-protein interaction problems.
Extracellular vesicles as modifiers of antibody‐drug conjugate efficacy (2021)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a new class of anti-cancer drugs that consist of a monoclonal antibody, a highly potent small-molecule cytotoxic drug, and a chemical linker between the two. ADCs can selectively deliver cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells leading to a reduced systemic exposure and a wider therapeutic window. To date, nine ADCs have received marketing approval, and over 100 are being investigated in nearly 600 clinical trials. The target antigens of at least eight out of the nine approved anti-cancer ADCs and of 69 investigational ADCs are present on extracellular vesicles (EVs) (tiny particles produced by almost all types of cells) that may carry their contents into local and distant cells. Therefore, the EVs have a potential to mediate both the anti-cancer effects and the adverse effects of ADCs. In this overview, we discuss the mechanisms of action of ADCs and the resistance mechanisms to them, the EV-mediated resistance mechanisms to small molecule anti-cancer drugs and anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies, and the EVs as modifiers of ADC efficacy and safety.
A Software Technique for Reducing Cache Pollution (2010)

Contention for shared cache resources has been recognizedas a major bottleneck for multicores—especially for mixedworkloads of independent applications. While most modernprocessors implement instructions to manage caches, theseinstructions are largely unused due to a lack of understand-ing of how to best leverage them. We propose an automatic, low-overhead, method to reducecache contention by finding instructions that are prone tocache trashing and a method to automatically disable cachingfor such instructions. Practical experiments demonstratethat our software-only method can improve application per-formance up to 35% on x86 multicore hardware.
Solution‐Processed Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronzes as Highly Conductive Anode Interlayers in Efficient Organic Photovoltaics (2013)

Highly efficient and stable organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells are demonstrated by incorporating solution‐processed hydrogen molybdenum bronzes as anode interlayers. The bronzes are synthesized using a sol‐gel method with the critical step being the partial oxide reduction/hydrogenation using an alcohol‐based solvent. Their composition, stoichiometry, and electronic properties strongly correlate with the annealing process to which the films are subjected after spin coating. Hydrogen molybdenum bronzes with moderate degree of reduction are found to be highly advantageous when used as anode interlayers in OPVs, as they maintain a high work function similar to the fully stoichiometric metal oxide, whereas they exhibit a high density of occupied gap states, which are beneficial for charge transport. Enhanced short‐circuit current, open‐circuit voltage and, fill factor, relative to reference devices incorporating either PEDOT‐PSS or a solution processed stoichiometric molybdenum oxide, are obtained for a variety of bulk heterojunction mixtures based on different polymeric donors and fullerene acceptors. In particular, high power conversion efficiencies are obtained in devices that employed the s‐H x MoO 2.75 as the hole extraction layer.
Dynamic Pattern-Recognition-Based Walking-Speed Adjustment for Stable Biped-Robot Movement under Changing Surface Conditions (2019)

Stable, efficient and robust walking is an essential biped-robot capability since they are supposed to tackle all the challenges in real environments. In this paper, we propose the use of a pattern-recognition scheme based on measured force-sensory data from various walking surfaces for dynamic walking-speed adjustment of the biped robot. A walking-pattern-recognition accuracy of over 98% for is obtained on a rigid surface, ensuring the pattern recognition basing on force sensors as a valid indication for walking-speed adjustment.
Photovoltaic retinal prosthesis for restoring sight to the blind (2015)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the developed world, with an incidence of 1:500 in patients aged 55–64, and 1:8 in patients over 85 [1]. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited disease blinding about 1 in every 4000 individuals much earlier in life [2]. In both of these conditions the photoreceptor layer degenerates, while the inner retinal neurons survive to a large extent [3–5]. Electrically activating these neurons provides an alternative route for visual information and raises hope for the restoration of sight to the blind.
Sparse Convolutional Beamforming for 3-D Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging (2021)

Real-time 3-D ultrasound (US) provides a complete visualization of inner body organs and blood vasculature, crucial for diagnosis and treatment of diverse diseases. However, 3-D systems require massive hardware due to the huge number of transducer elements and consequent data size. This increases cost significantly and limit both frame rate and image quality, thus preventing the 3-D US from being common practice in clinics worldwide. A recent study presented a technique called sparse convolutional beamforming algorithm (SCOBA), which obtains improved image quality while allowing notable element reduction in the context of 2-D focused imaging. In this article, we build upon previous work and introduce a nonlinear beamformer for 3-D imaging, called COBA-3D, consisting of 2-D spatial convolution of the in-phase and quadrature received signals. The proposed technique considers diverging-wave transmission and achieves improved image resolution and contrast compared with standard delay-and-sum beamforming while enabling a high frame rate. Incorporating 2-D sparse arrays into our method creates SCOBA-3D: a sparse beamformer that offers significant element reduction and, thus, allows performing 3-D imaging with the resources typically available for 2-D setups. To create 2-D thinned arrays, we present a scalable and systematic way to design 2-D fractal sparse arrays. The proposed framework paves the way for affordable ultrafast US devices that perform high-quality 3-D imaging, as demonstrated using phantom and ex-vivo data.
The Engine 3E Core Engine (2008)

Engine 3E is the aero engine part of the German Aeronautics Research Program under which Rolls-Royce Deutschland developed key technologies for an all new core engine that incorporates major advances with regard to environmental friendliness, efficiency and economy. The derived E3E core engine will serve as a scalable baseline for the future two-shaft engine family in the medium take-off thrust range between 12 – 40 klb. The core consists of a highly loaded 9-stage HPC, a lean burn combustion chamber with internal fuel staging and a 2-stage shroudless HPT. On the basis of its high specific power, low NOx combustion and low manufacturing cost, it will enable significant improvements in SFC, emissions, unit cost and weight. The related technology demonstrator is currently in the final build and instrumentation phase for testing in an altitude test facility in first quarter 2008.
Mice without uPA, tPA, or Plasminogen Genes Are Resistant to Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization (2003)

Together with previous work done by the authors, this study indicates that choroidal neovascularization is extremely sensitive to the modulation of Plg/PA system activity. This may provide a new strategy for the treatment of exudative AMD.