gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Ingestion and Analytics Architecture for IoT Applied to Smart City Use Cases (2017)

As sensors are adopted in almost all fields of life, the Internet of Things (IoT) is triggering a massive influx of data. We need efficient and scalable methods to process this data to gain valuable insight and take timely action. Existing approaches which support both batch processing (suitable for analysis of large historical data sets) and event processing (suitable for realtime analysis) are complex. We propose the hut architecture, a simple but scalable architecture for ingesting and analyzing IoT data, which uses historical data analysis to provide context for real-time analysis. We implement our architecture using open source components optimized for Big Data applications and extend them, where needed. We demonstrate our solution on two real-world smart city use cases in transportation and energy management.
VFA Biorefinery Design for Informed Production of Ground and Aviation Fuels (2021)

The rising demand for low-carbon intensity fuel options requires evaluation of a system which can support their production economically and sustainably. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) ranging from C2 to C8 can be derived in high yield from arrested anaerobic digestion of biomass. This talk provides an overview of our work in which we upgrade wet waste-derived VFAs using ketonization to elongate their carbon backbone to reach a range relevant to jet or diesel fuels. Kinetic models were used to predict ketone profiles from varying VFA profiles, thereby informing potential carbon flow to either (a) mixed paraffins for use in diesel or aviation fuel, or (b) ethers for use in diesel fuel. To do this, the anticipated products were screened for critical fuel characteristics using predictive tools. The criteria for neat and blended bioblendstocks were chosen based on conventional petrofuel requirements, and they were applied to inform fuel targets, identify limiting characteristics, and guide conversion development. While paraffins can serve as either diesel or aviation fuels, the latter has stringent criteria which include a precise distillation curve range tied to carbon distribution. Fuels which fall outside this range typically fail to meet other property metrics, and as such flashpoint and viscosity were identified as potentially limiting properties of this VFA aviation fuel. However, paraffin fractions which fall outside aviation criteria may meet diesel fuel requirements, which are looser except for the flashpoint minimum. Flashpoint was also a concern for smaller VFA diesel ethers, which posed an additional oxygenate risk of high water solubility. This fuel-informed conversion design process was demonstrated through production of paraffins with reduced sooting as compared to petrodiesel (~34%), and increased renewable aviation fuel blend levels (>70%). VFA-derived ethers improved petrodiesel by increasing fuel autoignition quality by 56% and reducing sooting by 86%. These VFA aviation and diesel fuels could enable greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions of over 165% and 50%, respectively, relative to their purely fossil-derived counterparts. Collectively, this work provides (i) an overview of how we leveraged the flexibility of VFAs for fuel production; and (ii) insight into the potential of a VFA biorefinery to accommodate varied feed and fuel applications, while also considering the merit of tailored fuel production pathways and GHG reduction potential.
P378 Changes in Simplified Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) during a 16-week induction treatment with upadacitinib: analysis of the randomised controlled CELEST study (2019)

The SES-CD is a validated and widely used outcome measure in clinical trials. We assessed the efficacy of upadacitinib (UPA), an oral selective JAK1 inhibitor, on mucosal inflammation in different disease phenotypes using SES-CD segmental scores. CELEST (NCT02365649) was a placebo (PBO)-controlled Phase 2 study in adults with moderate to severe CD refractory or intolerant to immunosuppressants and/or biologics. Patients were randomised to PBO or UPA 3 mg, 6 mg, 12 mg, or 24 mg twice daily (BID) or 24 mg once daily (QD) for 16 weeks. Ileocolonoscopy was done at baseline and either Week 12 or 16. This analysis evaluated changes from baseline to Week 12/16 in total SES-CD and its components (size of ulcers, ulcerated surface, affected surface, presence of narrowing) in the overall population and by disease location (ileal, colonic, ileocolonic [based on centrally-read endoscopic scores at baseline]). Statistical difference was analysed via ANCOVA at p = 0.1 level. Of 220 randomised patients, most were female (57%) with disease duration >3 years (88%) and mean age 40.7 years. Most patients (n = 114) had ileocolonic disease at baseline (table). In the overall population, mean (SD) change from baseline to Week 12/16 in total SES-CD was significantly greater with UPA 6 mg (–3.9 [6.3]; p = 0.006; n = 33), 12 mg (–3.9 [9.8]; p = 0.005; n = 27), 24 mg BID (–5.7 [6.0]; p < 0.001; n = 29), and 24 mg QD (–3.9 [7.2]; p = 0.003; n = 31) vs. PBO (0.4 [7.3]; n = 26). SES-CD subscores were generally significantly improved with UPA vs. PBO except for presence of narrowing (Figure). When assessed by disease location, mean (SD) changes from baseline to Week 12/16 in total SES-CD were significantly greater with UPA 12 mg (–7.5 [9.4]; p = 0.099; n = 8) and 24 mg BID (–7.9 [7.2]; p = 0.025; n = 11) vs. PBO (4.3 [9.3]; n = 3) in patients with colonic disease and with 6 mg (–5.5 [6.5]; p = 0.023; n = 17), 12 mg (–3.1 [10.7]; p = 0.079; n = 17), and 24 mg BID (–5.1 [5.0]; p = 0.018; n = 14) and 24 mg QD (–6.8 [5.4]; p = 0.005; n = 14) vs. PBO (–0.3 [8.0]; n = 18) in patients with ileocolonic disease. No significant differences were observed for UPA (n = 3–9) vs. PBO (n = 5) in patients with ileal disease. Table. Crohn's disease location and total SES-CD at baseline. Figure. Change from baseline to Week 12/16 in SES-CD subscores in the overall population. UPA induction treatment at doses ≥6 mg BID significantly improved total SES-CD vs. PBO, with improvements in all subscores except for presence of narrowing.
A novel form of rhodopsin kinase from chicken retina and pineal gland1 (1999)

The G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are important enzymes in the desensitization of activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Seven members of the GRK family have been identified to date. Among these enzymes, GRK1 is involved in phototransduction and is the most specialized kinase of the family. GRK1 phosphorylates photoactivated rhodopsin (Rho*), initiating steps in its deactivation. In this study, we found that chicken retina and pineal gland express a novel form of GRK that has sequence features characteristic of GRK1. However, unlike bovine GRK1 which is farnesylated, chicken GRK1 contains a consensus sequence for geranylgeranylation. Peptides corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of chicken GRK1 are geranylgeranylated by a cytosolic extract of chicken liver. Based on results of molecular cloning and immunolocalization, it appears that both rod and cone photoreceptors express this novel GRK1. These data indicate a larger sequence diversity of photoreceptor GRKs than anticipated previously.
Broadband seismic over/under sources and their designature-deghosting (2017)

The source depth influences the frequency band of seismic data. Due to the source ghost effect, it is advantageous to deploy sources deep to enhance the low-frequency content of seismic data. But, for a given source volume, the bubble period decreases with the source depth, thereby degrading the low-frequency content. At the same time, deep sources reduce the seismic bandwidth. Deploying sources at shallower depths has the opposite effects. A shallow source provides improved high-frequency content at the cost of degraded low-frequency content due to the ghosting effect, whereas the bubble period increases with a lesser source depth, thereby slightly improving the low-frequency content. A solution to the challenge of extending the bandwidth on the low- and high-frequency side is to deploy over/under sources, in which sources are towed at two depths. We have developed a mathematical ghost model for over/under point sources fired in sequential and simultaneous modes, and we have found an inverse model, which on common receiver gathers can jointly perform designature and deghosting of the over/under source measurements. We relate the model for simultaneous mode shooting to recent work on general multidepth level array sources, with previous known solutions. Two numerical examples related to over/under sequential shooting develop the main principles and the viability of the method.
Insights Into the Microscopic and Degradation Processes in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells Using Noise Spectroscopy (2017)

We report a clear correlation of the features observed in photocurrent noise‐fluctuations to the performance parameters of hybrid perovskite solar cells. The general trend of increasing noise amplitude which spreads over a wider range of frequency as a function of aging is established. High‐resolution spatial mapping of the photocurrent in typical devices and the associated variation of the noise spectrum confirms the underlying trend.
Chiral Mercaptoacetamides Display Enantioselective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6 and Exhibit Neuroprotection in Cortical Neuron Models of Oxidative Stress (2012)

Mercaptoacetamide-based ligands have been designed as a new class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for possible use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The thiol group of these compounds provides a key binding element for interaction with the catalytic zinc ion, and thus differs from the more typically employed hydroxamic acid based zinc binding groups. Herein we disclose the chemistry and biology of some substituted mercaptoacetamides with the intention of increasing HDAC6 isoform selectivity while maintaining potency similar to their hydroxamic acid analogues. The introduction of a stereocenter α to the thiol group was found to have a considerable impact on HDAC inhibitor potency. These new compounds were also profiled for their therapeutic potential in an in vitro model of stress-induced neuronal injury and were found to act as nontoxic neuroprotective agents.
Recent Progress in Photonic Crystals - From Dynamic Control to Solar Cells - (2012)

I will review the recent progress in photonic crystals and their device applications, where 3D crysals, 2D crystals, dynamic control, thermal emission control, etc, will be discussed.
A Kharitonov like theorem for systems under nonlinear passive feedback (1987)

In a recent theorem Kharitonov has shown how the Hurwitz invariance of polynomials lying in a set defined by their coefficient bounds can be established by checking four special polynomials. In this paper we derive a similar result for linear time invariant systems under a class of passive non linear feedback.
A Scalable MIMO Detector Processor With Near-ASIC Energy Efficiency (2014)

Emerging 4G wireless communication systems need to deliver much higher data rates, more flexibility, and a significantly higher energy efficiency than current systems. To cope with this immense increase of requirements, new design approaches are a necessity. This paper focuses on the design of an advanced multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) detector, which is typically a bottleneck in the wireless receiver. In the proposed template-based design approach innovative architecture concepts, such as very wide register and distributed loop buffer, and algorithm-architecture co-optimizations are combined. The resulting MIMO detector processor, which is scalable to eight and more antennas, achieves a high area efficiency of 571 GOPS/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a high energy efficiency of 3.3 GOPS/mW in the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 40-nm technology. By exploiting the dynamically varying requirements, the proposal has the potential to achieve a higher average energy efficiency than an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) equivalent. However, a penalty in total area consumption exists. The proposed architecture style offers an interesting and a very promising tradeoff in between the traditional ASIC and the other programmable processor solutions.
Adaptive denoising for chemical exchange saturation transfer MR imaging (2019)

High image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is required to reliably detect the inherently small chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects in vivo. In this study, it was demonstrated that identifying spectral redundancies of CEST data by principal component analysis (PCA) in combination with an appropriate data-driven extraction of relevant information can be used for an effective and robust denoising of CEST spectra. The relationship between the number of relevant principal components and SNR was studied on fitted in vivo Z-spectra with artificially introduced noise. Three different data-driven criteria to automatically determine the optimal number of necessary components were investigated. In addition, these criteria facilitate straightforward assessment of data quality that could provide guidance for CEST MR protocols in terms of SNR. Insights were applied to achieve a robust denoising of highly sampled low power Z-spectra of the human brain at 3 and 7 T. The median criterion provided the best estimation for the optimal number of components consistently for all three investigated artificial noise levels. Application of the denoising technique to in vivo data revealed a considerable increase in image quality for the amide and rNOE contrast with a considerable SNR gain. At 7 T the denoising capability was quantified to be comparable or even superior to an averaging of six measurements. The proposed denoising algorithm enables an efficient and robust denoising of CEST data by combining PCA with appropriate data-driven truncation criteria. With this generally applicable technique at hand, small CEST effects can be reliably detected without the need for repeated measurements.
The Trace Amine 1 receptor knockout mouse: an animal model with relevance to schizophrenia (2006)

Trace amines have been implicated in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders including depression and schizophrenia. Although long known to modulate neurotransmission indirectly through the release of catecholamines, the identification of the Trace Amine 1 receptor (TA1) offers a mechanism by which trace amines can influence synaptic activity directly. TA1 binds and is activated by trace amines such as beta-phenylethylamine and tyramine. Our pharmacological characterization of mouse TA1 showed that, as in rat and primate, amphetamine is an agonist at this receptor but with surprisingly high potency. Without selective ligands for TA1 that do not also possess catecholamine-releasing properties, however, it has not been possible to study its physiological role in the central nervous system. To that end, a line of mice lacking the TA1 receptor was generated to characterize its contribution to the regulation of behavior. Compared with wild-type littermates, TA1 knockout (KO) mice displayed a deficit in prepulse inhibition. Knockout animals, in which the TA1-agonist influence of amphetamine was absent, showed enhanced sensitivity to the psychomotor-stimulating effect of this drug, which was temporally correlated with significantly larger increases in the release of both dopamine and norepinephrine in the dorsal striatum and associated with a 262% increase in the proportion of striatal high-affinity D2 receptors. TA1 therefore appears to play a modulatory role in catecholaminergic function and represents a potentially novel mechanism for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, the TA1 KO mouse may provide a useful model for the development of treatments for some positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
Learning Realistic Human Reposing using Cyclic Self-Supervision with 3D Shape, Pose, and Appearance Consistency (2021)

Synthesizing images of a person in novel poses from a single image is a highly ambiguous task. Most existing approaches require paired training images; i.e. images of the same person with the same clothing in different poses. However, obtaining sufficiently large datasets with paired data is challenging and costly. Previous methods that forego paired supervision lack realism. We propose a self-supervised framework named SPICE (Self-supervised Person Image CrEation) that closes the image quality gap with supervised methods. The key insight enabling self-supervision is to exploit 3D information about the human body in several ways. First, the 3D body shape must remain unchanged when reposing. Second, representing body pose in 3D enables reasoning about self occlusions. Third, 3D body parts that are visible before and after reposing, should have similar appearance features. Once trained, SPICE takes an image of a person and generates a new image of that person in a new target pose. SPICE achieves state-of-the-art performance on the DeepFashion dataset, improving the FID score from 29.9 to 7.8 compared with previous unsupervised methods, and with performance similar to the state-of-the-art supervised method (6.4). SPICE also generates temporally coherent videos given an input image and a sequence of poses, despite being trained on static images only.
Acacia Fiber Protects the Gut from Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Colonization Enabled by Antibiotics (2022)

Novel approaches to combating antibiotic resistance are needed given the ever-continuing rise of antibiotic resistance and the scarce discovery of new antibiotics. Little is known about the colonization dynamics and the role of intrinsic plant-food characteristics in this process. We sought to determine whether plant fiber could alter colonization dynamics by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the gut. We determined that ingestion of antibiotics in mice markedly enhanced gut colonization by a pathogenic extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strain of human origin, E. coli JJ1886 (ST131-<i>H</i>30Rx). Furthermore, ingestion of soluble acacia fiber before and after antibiotic exposure significantly reduced pathogenic E. coli colonization. 16S rRNA analysis and <i>ex vivo</i> cocultures demonstrated that fiber protected the microbiome by serving as a prebiotic, which induced native gut E. coli to inhibit pathogenic E. coli via colicin M. Fiber may be a useful prebiotic with which to administer antibiotics to protect human and livestock gut microbiomes against colonization from antibiotic-resistant, pathogenic bacteria. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> A One Health-based strategy-the concept that human health and animal health are interconnected with the environment-is necessary to determine the drivers of antibiotic resistance from food to the clinic. Moreover, humans can ingest antibiotic-resistant bacteria on food and asymptomatically, or "silently," carry such bacteria in the gut long before they develop an opportunistic extraintestinal infection. Here, we determined that fiber-rich foods, in particular acacia fiber, may be a new, promising, and inexpensive prebiotic to administer with antibiotics to protect the mammalian (i.e., human and livestock) gut against such colonization by antibiotic-resistant, pathogenic bacteria.
Miniature curved artificial compound eyes (2013)

In most animal species, vision is mediated by compound eyes, which offer lower resolution than vertebrate single-lens eyes, but significantly larger fields of view with negligible distortion and spherical aberration, as well as high temporal resolution in a tiny package. Compound eyes are ideally suited for fast panoramic motion perception. Engineering a miniature artificial compound eye is challenging because it requires accurate alignment of photoreceptive and optical components on a curved surface. Here, we describe a unique design method for biomimetic compound eyes featuring a panoramic, undistorted field of view in a very thin package. The design consists of three planar layers of separately produced arrays, namely, a microlens array, a neuromorphic photodetector array, and a flexible printed circuit board that are stacked, cut, and curved to produce a mechanically flexible imager. Following this method, we have prototyped and characterized an artificial compound eye bearing a hemispherical field of view with embedded and programmable low-power signal processing, high temporal resolution, and local adaptation to illumination. The prototyped artificial compound eye possesses several characteristics similar to the eye of the fruit fly Drosophila and other arthropod species. This design method opens up additional vistas for a broad range of applications in which wide field motion detection is at a premium, such as collision-free navigation of terrestrial and aerospace vehicles, and for the experimental testing of insect vision theories.
Robust Pressure-Actuated Liquid Metal Devices Showing Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Effects at GHz Frequencies (2015)

Pressure-actuated liquid metal devices are demonstrated for reconfigurable electromagnetic fundamentals at GHz frequencies, including tunable dipole antennas, switchable shielding with 35-dB attenuation, ~ 30-dB polarizer attenuation, and ~ 40° diffraction from a linear grating. In addition to a wide variety of electromagnetic effects, these devices are further advanced by: being highly physically flexible; in use of nontoxic GaInSn (68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, and 10.0% Sn) alloy as enabled by a sealed closed system with an acidic vapor background; and nonalloying/corrosion-resistant carbon inks for electrical connection. Collectively, this work addresses a wide variety of electromagnetic fundamentals, and the device construction advances required for real-world applications.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Expression of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 19 in Human Lung Cancer Cells Is Triggered by Entry into S-Phase and Supports G<sub>2</sub>–M Cell-Cycle Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 62K, Gpr19 siRNA-induced increase in the relative number of DMS 53 cells with G2/M DNA content&lt;/p&gt;
Protein Interaction-Targeted Drug Discovery: Evaluating Critical Issues (2002)

Employment of the decision strategies outlined in this general discussion should help to pinpoint mode of activity in drug development and validation. Overall, as a paradigm for drug development, a search for small molecules that can interfere with PPIs would seem to have significant long term potential. At present, the level of structural knowledge in databases is not sufficient to predict in toto the protein binding properties of a modeled drug, but as databases improve, this may become generally feasible. A major point that remains to be determined is how much specificity of protein binding can be incorporated into molecules of generally less than 500 Da. Finally, integration of PPI-targeting strategies with other approaches towards drug design will enhance the number of signaling pathways that can effectively be targeted. These points will be particularly pertinent as technologies permit a systematic identification of encoded protein interactions that govern the proteornic complement of cells.