gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stippling data on backgrounds of pages-toward seamless integration of paper and electronic documents (2005)

In order to realize seamless integration of paper andelectronic documents, it is at least necessary to assure errorfree conversion from one to the other. In general, theconversion from paper to electronic documents is the taskof document image understanding. Although its researchhas made remarkable progress, it is still a hard task withoutlimiting the type of documents. This paper presents acompletely different approach to this task on condition thatprinted documents have their originals in electronic form.The proposed method employs fine dots to represent dataof electronic documents and places the dots on white space(backgrounds) of pages. Since the data is encoded with anerror correcting code, it is guaranteed to be correctly recoveredfrom the scanned images of documents. Experimentalresults show that a page with normal foreground objects(characters and other things) can contain more than 4KB ofdata, even when errors up to 20% of the data are permitted.
Photomechanical basis of laser ablation of biological tissue (1994)

The photomechanical model of laser ablation of biological tissue asserts that ablation is initiated when the laser-induced tensile stress exceeds the ultimate tensile strength of the target. We show that, unlike the one-dimensional thermoelastic model of laser-induced stress generation that has appeared in the literature, the full three-dimensional solution predicts the development of significant tensile stresses on the surface of the target, precisely where ablation is observed to occur. An interferometric technique has been developed to measure the time-dependent thermoelastic expansion, and the results for subthreshold laser fluences are in precise agreement with the predictions of the three-dimensional model.
Fast task-specific target detection via graph based constraints representation and checking (2017)

We present a framework for fast target detection in real-world robotics applications. Considering that an intelligent agent attends to a task-specific object target during execution, our goal is to detect the object efficiently. We propose the concept of early recognition, which influences the candidate proposal process to achieve fast and reliable detection performance. To check the target constraints efficiently, we put forward a novel policy which generates a sub-optimal checking order, and we prove that it has bounded time cost compared to the optimal checking sequence, which is not achievable in polynomial time. Experiments on two different scenarios: 1) rigid object and 2) non-rigid body part detection validate our pipeline. To show that our method is widely applicable, we further present a human-robot interaction system based on our non-rigid body part detection.
Confinement of long-lived interlayer excitons in WS2/WSe2 heterostructures (2021)

Abstract Interlayer excitons in layered materials constitute a novel platform to study many-body phenomena arising from long-range interactions between quantum particles. Long-lived excitons are required to achieve high particle densities, to mediate thermalisation, and to allow for spatially and temporally correlated phases. Additionally, the ability to confine them in periodic arrays is key to building a solid-state analogue to atoms in optical lattices. Here, we demonstrate interlayer excitons with lifetime approaching 0.2 ms in a layered-material heterostructure made from WS 2 and WSe 2 monolayers. We show that interlayer excitons can be localised in an array using a nano-patterned substrate. These confined excitons exhibit microsecond-lifetime, enhanced emission rate, and optical selection rules inherited from the host material. The combination of a permanent dipole, deterministic spatial confinement and long lifetime places interlayer excitons in a regime that satisfies one of the requirements for simulating quantum Ising models in optically resolvable lattices.
Shoulder after surgery: MR imaging with surgical validation. (1993)

To assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the evaluation of the shoulder after surgery, MR examinations were performed in 31 patients before repeated surgery, and MR findings were correlated with the subsequent operative findings. In addition, the MR findings associated with prior surgery were reviewed, including altered structure of the acromion, soft-tissue metal artifacts, a surgical trough in the humeral head, nonvisualization of the subacromial-subdeltoid fat stripe, and intermediate signal intensity within the substance of the rotator cuff on images obtained with all pulse sequences. The MR criteria for full-thickness tears in the shoulder after surgery are the presence of fluidlike signal intensity on T2-weighted images that extends through an area of the rotator cuff or the nonvisualization of a portion of the rotator cuff. With use of these criteria, six of seven full-thickness rotator cuff tears were identified at MR imaging, with an accuracy of 90%. Partial cuff tears were indistinguishable from repaired tendons. Findings at MR imaging were 74% accurate concerning the presence of impingement.
UGrAD: A graph-theoretic framework for classification of activity with complementary graph boundary detection (2016)

Activity recognition and activity boundary detection are two separate long-standing challenges in the image processing literature. In activity recognition, a predefined set of activities is classified using features. Often, subjects do not perform meaningful activities in all the frames, thus requiring the identification of the beginning and the end of the set of contiguous frames containing the activity. This is known as activity boundary detection problem. We seamlessly integrate both tasks by leveraging a single graph-theoretical framework: UGrAD. First, we model the data as a graph and use the spectral properties of its complementary to identify the boundaries of an activity. Next, we introduce the concept of normalized flow between consecutive frames, encoded using a bipartite graph formalism, and use it to capture the temporal evolution of the detected activity. This is accomplished by deriving a robust and reliable feature descriptor from fitting a set of Legendre polynomials to the flow matrix. Lastly, the features are used for activity classification using a linear support vector machine (SVM). Our approach shows substantial improvement over the state-of-the-art activity classification and boundary detection techniques.
Lens opacity and refractive influences on the measurement of retinal vascular fractal dimension (2010)

Ocular media opacity independently influenced retinal vascular Df measurement, but we found no evidence supporting any refractive axial magnification effect on this measure. Myopic refraction ≤-4D was associated with a reduction in Df, suggesting rarefaction of retinal vasculature associated with high myopia.
Walking robot movement on non-smooth surface controlled by pressure sensor (2018)

In this letter, we focus on the robot movement on non-smooth ground-surface, detected by pressure sensor. A simulation tool has been developed to study the robot motion according to the ground-surface condition change. The effect of the robot-foot contact with the ground-surface is considered by elastic properties to the ground. We performed simulation analyses for various surface conditions to control the robot dynamics with respect to pressure sensing data that incorporates the two-way interactions between robot and ground. We upgraded the robot by implementing the pressure sensors under its foot, to measure the real-time contact force between foot and ground-surface. The obtained sensing data is used to analyse the surface condition, for controlling robot-leg movement horizontally along the ground-surface. Consequently, the analysis results guide us to improve the motion of a real self-controlled walking robot.
Rationale and design of the randomized, multicenter, Cilostazol for restenosis (CREST) trial (2003)

Restenosis of a segment of diseased coronary artery following metallic stenting is a common clinical problem and a major limitation of the procedure. Systemic pharmacologic interventions to deal with this problem have met with little success. Several small studies suggest that cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor whose pharmacologic properties include antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and vasodilatory effects; a beneficial effect on serum lipids; and in vitro inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, may help prevent platelet aggregation and impede the accumulation of new intimal tissue in the stented artery. The Cilostazol for RESTenosis (CREST) trial will aim to evaluate more definitively the ability of cilostazol to prevent restenosis following uncomplicated stent implantation for de novo coronary artery stenosis. In this randomized, double-blind, multicenter study, 700 patients will receive clopidogrel, aspirin, and either cilostazol or placebo after successful intracoronary stent implantation. The primary endpoint is minimal luminal diameter (MLD) of the first lesion stented after 6 months; secondary endpoints include MLD in all lesions, mean percent diameter stenosis, target lesion revascularization, and major angiographic endpoints. Safety endpoints are abnormal complete blood count and liver function tests at 1, 3, and 6 months. The trial has been initiated, and enrollment is anticipated to be concluded in 2003. Cilostazol has properties that may reduce or avert in-stent coronary restenosis. The CREST trial is a large, rigorously conducted trial that may corroborate the favorable effects of cilostazol on coronary stent restenosis suggested by earlier studies.
A matching game for data trading in operator-supervised user-provided networks (2016)

In this paper, we consider a recent cellular network connection paradigm, known as a user-provided network (UPN), where users share connectivity and act as an access point for other users. To incentivize user participation in this network, we allow the users to trade their data plan and obtain a profit by selling and buying leftover data capacities (caps) from each other. We formulate the data trading association between buyers and sellers as a matching game. In this game, buyers and sellers rank each other based on preference functions that capture the buyers' demand for data and QoS requirements, the data available for purchase from the sellers and energy resources. We show that these preferences are interdependent and influenced by existing network-wide matching. For this reason, the game can be classified as a one-to-many matching game with externalities. To solve the game, we propose a distributed algorithm that combines notions from matching theory and market equilibrium. The algorithm enables the players to self-organize into a stable matching and ensures dynamic adaptation of price to data demand and supply. The properties of the resulting matching are discussed. We also calculate operator gains and the benchmark price that will encourage users to join the UPN. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields average utility per user improvements of up to 25% and 50% relative to random matching and worst case utility, respectively.
Two-Level Block Encoding for Digital Transmission (1973)

Communication channels with no transmission at dc require data encoding to eliminate dc from the signal. Many coding schemes have been developed for this purpose. The scheme discussed here uses code blocks with equal numbers of plus and minus pulses, according to a previously published algorithm. This code is compared to a three-level "bipolar" coding scheme in terms of spectral characteristics, efficiency, crosstalk noise, power requirements, and hardware requirements. Circuitry is described for coders, decoders, and repeaters. Extensions to other code types are discussed briefly.
Characterizing Ultrafine Grained Material using EBSD (2009)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Unsupervised P2P Rental Recommendations via Integer Programming (2017)

Due to the sparseness of quality rating data, unsupervised recommender systems are used in many applications in Peer to Peer (P2P) rental marketplaces such as Airbnb, FlipKey, and HomeAway. We present an integer programming based recommender systems, where both accommodation benefits and community risks of lodging places are measured and incorporated into an objective function as utility measurements. More specifically, we first present an unsupervised fused scoring method for quantifying the accommodation benefits and community risks of a lodging with crowd-sourced geo-tagged data. In order to the utility of recommendations, we formulate the unsupervised P2P rental recommendations as a constrained integer programming problem, where the accommodation benefits of recommendations are maximized and the community risks of recommendations are minimized, while maintaining constraints on personalization. Furthermore, we provide an efficient solution for the optimization problem by developing a learning-to-integer-programming method for combining aggregated listwise learning to rank into branching variable selection. We apply the proposed approach to the Airbnb data of New York City and provide lodging recommendations to travelers. In our empirical experiments, we demonstrate both the efficiency and effectiveness of our method in terms of striving a trade-off between the user satisfaction, time on market, and the number of reviews, and achieving a balance between positive and negative sides.
Routing in Networks with Low Doubling Dimension (2006)

This paper studies compact routing schemes for networks with low doubling dimension. Two variants are explored, name-independent routing and labeled routing. The key results obtained for this model are the following. First, we provide the first name-independent solution. Specifically, we achieve constant stretch and polylogarithmic storage. Second, we obtain the first truly scale-free solutions, namely, the network’s aspect ratio is not a factor in the stretch. Scale-free schemes are given for three problem models: name-independent routing on graphs, labeled routing on metric spaces, and labeled routing on graphs. Third, we prove a lower bound requiring linear storage for stretch \gt 3 schemes. This has the important ramification of separating for the first time the name-independent problem model from the labeled model for these networks, since compact stretch-1+e labeled schemes are known to be possible.
Caring soils for sustainable land uses (2020)

The aim of the article is to develop and explore the idea that soil health is an essential element in combating climate change and promoting food security. An important aspect of this is that soil, rather than simply serving to support plants and as a niche for animals and microbes, also functions as a natural reactor that, through a series of chemical and biological reactions, purifies water, replenish aquifers and maintains equilibria in surface waters. This topic is particularly timely given the recent announcement of the Mission program for Health of Soils by the European Commission. Within this realm, the article intends to catalyze and promote the debate around what defines sustainable agriculture in order to help shape its future.
korbinib/DMP-writing-workshop: 2020_02_21_Tromso (2020)

DMP writing workshop, Tromsø 21.02.2020
Road to exercise mimetics: targeting nuclear receptors in skeletal muscle (2013)

Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body and is the major site for energy expenditure. It exhibits remarkable plasticity in response to physiological stimuli such as exercise. Physical exercise remodels skeletal muscle and enhances its capability to burn calories, which has been shown to be beneficial for many clinical conditions including the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Nuclear receptors (NRs) comprise a class of transcription factors found only in metazoans that regulate major biological processes such as reproduction, development, and metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated crucial roles for NRs and their co-regulators in the regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism and exercise-induced muscle remodeling. While nothing can fully replace exercise, development of exercise mimetics that enhance or even substitute for the beneficial effects of physical exercise would be of great benefit. The unique property of NRs that allows modulation by endogenous or synthetic ligands makes them bona fide therapeutic targets. In this review, we present an overview of the current understanding of the role of NRs and their co-regulators in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and summarize recent progress in the development of exercise mimetics that target NRs and their co-regulators.
Differences in Photoluminescence Stability and Host-to-Guest Energy Transfer in Solution-Coated Versus Vacuum-Deposited Electroluminescent Host:Guest Small-Molecule Materials (2020)

The root causes of the lower stability of electroluminescent host:guest (H:G) small-molecule materials commonly used in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), when made by solution-coating, are investigated. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements are used to study and compare between changes in the PL characteristics of solution-coated versus vacuum-deposited host:guest systems after exciton stress (via UV irradiation) and thermal stress. Results show that exciton stress brings about larger loses in PL quantum yield and in host-to-guest energy transfer, in case of solution-coated systems. Easier host:guest phase separation in these systems is found to play a key role in this behavior. Results also show that the differences in behavior arise from differences in the initial film morphologies produced by the different fabrication methods. The findings bring to light one of the fundamental causes of the lower stability of solution-processed OLEDs on comparison to their vacuum-deposited counterparts.
Interferon regulatory factor 5 and nuclear factor kappa‐B exhibit cooperating but also divergent roles in the regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines important for the development of TH1 and TH17 responses (2018)

A large body of data demonstrates that interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) are the two major transcription factors in classically activated macrophages responsible for the transcriptional control of proinflammatory genes. Although recent evidence suggests that IRF5 interacts with certain members of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway, the extent of cooperation and its implications in disease are ambiguous. Since both pathways are known for their strong contributions in TLR8 signaling we used the human monocytic cell line THP-1.Dual, featuring gene reporters for NF-κB and IRFs, to simultaneously study the roles of IRF5 and the NF-κB subunit p65 in TLR8-mediated gene reporter activities. Furthermore, we profiled from these cells the proinflammatory cytokines involved in the differentiation of TH1 and TH17 cells. After ablation of IRF5 and/or p65 we activated the resultant cells with the TLR8 agonists R848 or the psoriasis-associated antimicrobial peptide LL-37 complexed with ssRNA and demonstrate that IRF5 deficiency drastically impairs the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23 and TNFα. In contrast, the lack of p65 impaired only IL-6, IL-12, and IL-23 secretion. Furthermore, we discovered that upon TLR8 stimulation, IRF5 but not NF-κB signaling is essential to provide a cytokine milieu supporting TH1 responses. Additionally, we demonstrate that IRF5 and NF-κB cooperate to provide a cytokine milieu supporting TH17 responses. Therefore, the distinct role of IRF5 in the intricate signaling network downstream of TLR8 may open new treatment options interfering with but not disrupting NF-κB signaling in human diseases.
A Real-Time Model Predictive Control Approach for Autonomous Active Steering (2006)

The problem of controlling the front steering to stabilize a vehicle along a desired path is tackled in this paper. Although a Non-LinearModel Predictive Control (NLMPC) approach can achieve good performance and constraints fulfillment, its computational burden does not allow a real-time implementation. In order to decrease the complexity of the controller, in this paper we propose a suboptimal MPC scheme based on successive on-line linearizations of the non-linear vehicle model. The method stems from an accurate analysis of the vehicle nonlinearities, the constraints and the performance index in the optimal control problem. The simulation results show a significant reduction of the controller complexity, with a small loss of performances respect to a NLMPC controller. The suboptimal MPC control policy is compared to the control policy of a robot driver from Ford Motor Company.We show that better performance can be achieved with a smaller control effort, without violating vehicle physical constraints, by using a systematic control design procedure.
Cover Picture: Supramolecular Electrostatic Nanoassemblies for Bacterial Forensics (Chem. Eur. J. 3/2012) (2012)

Electrostatic nanoassemblies of cationic conjugated oligoelectrolytes and fluorescein-tagged ssDNA were used to characterize the growth conditions of Escherichia coli; this is described in the Communication by G. Hanrahan, C. M. Mello, G. C. Bazan et al. on page 756 ff. The nanoassemblies interacted with the bacteria and yielded a modified photoluminescence response. The collective response of five nanoassemblies produced unique signature patterns for Escherichia coli cultured under different growth conditions. Supramolecular Chemistry Small building blocks self-assemble into different types of nanoassemblies depending on the conditions, as described by C. Schmuck et al. in their Minireview on page 738 ff.1 Silica Nanoparticles Photoswitchable fluorescent silica nanoparticles for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy have been prepared by covalently incorporating a fluorophore and a photochromic compound inside the particle core. For more information see the Full Paper by J. Mattay et al. on page 814 ff.1 Mesoporous Materials In their Full Paper on page 931 ff., D. Zhao et al. report on the synthesis of uniform core–shell composite molecular sieves composed of zeolite cores and ordered mesoporous silicate shells by means of a facile cetyltrimethylammonium bromide directed sol–gel coating method. A straightforward scheme has been proposed to illustrate the hierarchical pore structure and potential catalytic cracking process of large molecules.1