gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equivalent Circuit Theory-Assisted Deep Learning for Accelerated Generative Design of Metasurfaces (2022)

In this article, we propose an equivalent circuit theory-assisted deep learning approach to accelerate the design of metasurfaces. By combining the filter equivalent circuit theory and a sophisticated deep learning model, designers can achieve efficient metasurface designs. Compared with most existing metasurface generative design methods that rely on arbitrarily generated training dataset (TDS), the proposed method can adaptively produce highly relevant and low-noise training samples under the guidance of filter equivalent circuit theory, resulting in a significantly narrowed target solution space and improved model training efficiency. Furthermore, we select the variational autoencoder (VAE) as a generative model, which can compress the raw training samples into a lower-dimensional latent space where optimization methods, such as genetic algorithm, can be more efficiently executed to find the optimal design than a brute-force search. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we apply it in the creation of three examples of frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), presenting wide-band, dual-band, and band-stop responses. Experimental results show that the proposed method can realize much faster and more stable convergence than deep learning design methods without domain knowledge.
Synthesis of Chiral Phosphorous and Phosphoric Acid Derivatives from the Lignans Matairesinol and Conidendrin (2016)

Methods for the preparation of phosphites and phosphates from chiral diols based on lignan backbones were developed. Four novel phosphites and one phosphate were synthesized and characterized. Sterically hindered diols showed diastereoselectivity in formations of phosphites, whereas non-hindered diols showed no selectivity.
Supplement Methods from RAS–MAPK Reactivation Facilitates Acquired Resistance in <i>FGFR1</i>-Amplified Lung Cancer and Underlies a Rationale for Upfront FGFR–MEK Blockade (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplement Methods&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3,4,5‐Tetramethyl‐2‐methyleneimidazoline. An Ylidic Olefin. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Surfactant Ferrocene. Environmental Effects on Oxidation of Ferrocene in Organized Media (1979)

Abstract This paper reports on the synthesis of a surfactant ferrocene, 16‐ferrocenylhexadecanoic acid, ( 1 ), which can readily be incorporated into monolayer films and assemblies, micelles and vesicles. The reactivity of this ferrocene towards potential oxidants and complexing agents has been investigated in the different media under a variety of conditions. In the monolayer assemblies ( 1 ) was readily oxidized by I 2 but inert towards exposure to aqueous Ag + , aqueous TCNE or TCNO vapor. The inertness of ( 1 ) under the latter conditions suggests the chromophore is oriented in a highly hydrophobic site. In contrast, ( 1 ) is readily oxidized by I 2 and Fe 3+ in lecithin vesicles and anionic SDS micelles. In cationic CTAB micelles iodine is reactive as an oxidant but Fe 3+ is not, presumably due to charge effects. The results suggest that the ferrocene moiety in ( 1 ) is not rigidly oriented in the hydrophobic core of the vesicles or micelles but spends sufficient time near the hydrophobic interface to be oxidized by polar reagents.
Illumination Optics (2021)

An illumination system consists of the light source(s), some optical components and a target, the latter literally carrying the specs which are defined by the field of application. In our review we will discuss design, technology, and fabrication of light sources and components. As there are considerable differences between the many fields of application, we start with a general view and derive the technical specialties afterwards. In some cases we will name representative suppliers without the intention to exclude others. With the help of such a reference, the interested reader will be able to gather information, understand the product and find similar suppliers easily. We restrict the review to visible, incoherent light and related optical elements.
Fabrication of 70-nm-Pitch Two-Level Interconnects by using Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (2011)

A 70 nm pitch two-level interconnects have been successfully fabricated using extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) (λ=13.5 nm). EUVL enabled us to obtain fine pattern formation and usable overlay accuracy at each metal and via patterning. CF3I etching gas and ruthenium (Ru) barrier film deposited with physical vapor deposition (PVD) are key technologies for achieving good electrical properties. Very low effective resistivity of less than 4.5 µΩ cm in 35-nm-width wiring was obtained by using PVD-Ru barrier film. Via resistance of 12.4 Ω for via-holes with diameter of 35 nm was obtained.
Emerging Arsenic Threat in Canada (2013)

L. Rodriguez-Lado et al. 's geostatistical model (“Groundwater arsenic contamination throughout China,” Reports, 23 August, p. [866][1]) has revealed the hidden risk of arsenic exposure in drinking water, particularly in China. The accompanying Perspective by H. A. Michael (“An arsenic forecast for China,” p. [852][1]) highlighted the global burden of arsenic-contaminated drinking water and the potential utility of Rodriguez-Lado's model to identify populations exposed to arsenic before the development of symptoms.

In Canada, arsenic is not currently a primary public health concern. However, we would like to point out the urgency of this emerging threat. More than a quarter of a million tons of arsenic generated over 50 years during the operation of the Giant Mine in Yellowknife (Northern Canada) reside underground and in piles aboveground. Because cleanup is deemed too great a health risk, the arsenic will be frozen in the ground, at a cost of nearly one billion Canadian dollars ([ 1 ][2]). In almost every province, arsenic-contaminated drinking water is a growing health concern in Canada. From Nova Scotia to British Columbia, arsenic levels frequently exceed those deemed safe by the World Health Organization (WHO) ([ 2 ][3]). Tools such as those described by Rodgriguez-Lado et al. will not only help identify areas to prioritize for immediate action in Canada and around the world, but also encourage public health agencies to monitor those already chronically exposed.

1. [↵][4]B. Weber, “Giant Mine's high cleanup bill shakes up policy on toxic sites,” The Globe and Mail (1 April 2013).
2. [↵][5]1. C. F. McGuigan, 2. C. L. A. Hamula, 3. S. Huang, 4. S. Gabos, 5. X. C. Le
 , Environ. Rev. 18, 291 (2010).
 [OpenUrl][6][CrossRef][7][Web of Science][8]

 [1]: pending:yes
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 [3]: #ref-2
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 [5]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2 in text
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 [8]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000285680400015&link_type=ISI
Survival of patients with localized high-grade soft tissue sarcoma with multimodality therapy: A matched control study (1983)

Ten of 16 consecutive patients (63%) with Stages III-IVA soft tissue sarcoma presenting between 1975 and 1978 and treated with surgery, radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy have remained disease-free with a median follow-up of three years (range, 28-68 months). Survival at three years was 86%. However, in the American Joint Committee (AJC) soft tissue sarcoma staging system published in 1977, Grade 3 soft tissue sarcomas were associated with a three-year survival of 35% and almost 90% of the patients destined to fail did so within three years of diagnosis (8). To determine if the observed improvement in survival resulted merely from lesions with favorable prognostic determinants at diagnosis, study patients were matched for stage, histologic type and location of the primary lesion with controls generated from these 1215 carefully reviewed sarcoma patients collected from the data base of the Task Force on Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the AJC. Only control cases whose histology had been reviewed and who had been treated with surgery (with or without radiotherapy) were included in the analysis. Cases survived significantly longer than controls at three years (p less than 0.001) and, in fact, disease-free survival of cases (63%) was superior to overall survival of controls (27%) (p less than 0.01). Our data support the conclusion that patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma treated by an experienced multimodality team have a three-year disease-free survival of approximately 63%. The impact of each component of multimodality therapy cannot be determined, and improved survival may result, in addition, from improved diagnostic and staging techniques currently available.
Using two-phase solvent systems for sample pretreatment increases yield of counter-current chromatography: Anemarrhena asphodeloides saponins, a case study (2014)

This paper reports a way to increase the production yield of counter-current chromatography by using two-phase solvent systems in sample pretreatment. This strategy succeeds in the case of anti-EV71 saponin preparation from Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Briefly, 15 g of water extract was refined by solvent partition with ethyl acetate/1-butanol/water (1:4:5, v/v) to yield 4.17 g of the upper part, which in turns yielded 635 mg of timosaponin B-II (purity 96.5%) and 672 mg of anemarsaponin B (97.8%) after gradient CCC separation with 1-butanol/water (containing 0.01 mol/L CuSO4 in water, 1:1, v/v) and ethyl acetate/1-butanol/water (3:17:20, v/v/v). In a similar way, the ethanol extract (8 g) was partitioned between the diphase solvent system of ethyl acetate/1-butanol/water (4:1:5) to get 2.16 g of refined fraction and yielded 358 mg of timosaponin A-III (96.4%) by CCC elution using ethyl acetate–methanol–water (4:1:5, v/v/v). To remove mangiferin, the salt CuSO4 was added; it formed a complex with mangiferin, thereby enlarging the separation coefficient between mangiferin and timosaponin B-II.
Model-Based Discovery of Synthetic Agonists for the Zn2+-Sensing G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 39 (GPR39) Reveals Novel Biological Functions (2017)

The G-protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) is a G-protein-coupled receptor activated by Zn<sup>2+</sup>. We used a homology model-based approach to identify small-molecule pharmacological tool compounds for the receptor. The method focused on a putative binding site in GPR39 for synthetic ligands and knowledge of ligand binding to other receptors with similar binding pockets to select iterative series of minilibraries. These libraries were cherry-picked from all commercially available synthetic compounds. A total of only 520 compounds were tested in vitro, making this method broadly applicable for tool compound development. The compounds of the initial library were inactive when tested alone, but lead compounds were identified using Zn<sup>2+</sup> as an allosteric enhancer. Highly selective, highly potent Zn<sup>2+</sup>-independent GPR39 agonists were found in subsequent minilibraries. These agonists identified GPR39 as a novel regulator of gastric somatostatin secretion.
Arsenic-sulfur polydentate ligands. II. Palladium(II) complexes of 1,4-bis[phenyl[o-(methylthio)phenyl]arsino]butane (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArsenic-sulfur polydentate ligands. II. Palladium(II) complexes of 1,4-bis[phenyl[o-(methylthio)phenyl]arsino]butaneRabindra L. Dutta, Devon W. Meek, and Daryle H.. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 9, 2098–2100Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50091a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50091a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermally Induced Twin Polymerization of 4H‐1,3,2‐Benzodioxasilines (2014)

The twin monomer 2,2'-spirobi[4H-1,3,2-benzodioxasiline] (1) can be polymerized to nanostructured SiO2/phenolic-resin composite material by thermally induced twin polymerization. Thermally induced twin polymerization represents a way to produce nanocomposites simply by thermal induction of twin monomers. Besides 1, the thermal reaction of several related salicylic (2-oxybenzylic) silicon molecules has been investigated. The thermal cleavage of the molecules is studied by using several trapping reagents (e.g., vinyl compounds). A significant occurrence of quinone methide adducts indicates that the thermal mechanism proceeds not only by a ring opening at the oxymethylene position, but also with the ortho-quinone methide as a central or alternative intermediate. This is supported by product analyses of thermally initialized reactions of 1 and its substituted analogues as well as by quantum chemical calculations.
Viruses as vectors for the delivery of gene-editing reagents (2021)

Introduction 2 DNA viruses: replicon vectors for efficient gene editing through homology-directed repair (HDR) 3 Geminiviral replicons (GVRs): deconstructed geminiviruses that serve as replicating vectors in plants 4 Replicon vectors for efficient homology-directed repair 5 Case studies: GVR-based editing strategies in dicots and monocots 6 GVR-based editing strategies: summary and future trends 7 RNA viruses: mobile vectors broadly applicable for gene-editing reagent delivery 8 Case studies: use viral vectors to create permanent genetic changes 9 RNA viral vectors: conclusion and future trends 10 Where to look for further information
How Health Care Reform Can Transform The Health Of Criminal Justice–Involved Individuals (2014)

Provisions of the Affordable Care Act offer new opportunities to apply a public health and medical perspective to the complex relationship between involvement in the criminal justice system and the existence of fundamental health disparities. Incarceration can cause harm to individual and community health, but prisons and jails also hold enormous potential to play an active and beneficial role in the health care system and, ultimately, to improving health. Traditionally, incarcerated populations have been incorrectly viewed as isolated and self-contained communities with only peripheral importance to the public health at large. This misconception has resulted in missed opportunities to positively affect the health of both the individuals and the imprisoned community as a whole and potentially to mitigate risk behaviors that may contribute to incarceration. Both community and correctional health care professionals can capitalize on these opportunities by working together to advocate for the health of the criminal justice-involved population and their communities. We present a set of recommendations for the improvement of both correctional health care, such as improving systems of external oversight and quality management, and access to community-based care, including establishing strategies for postrelease care and medical record transfers.
A Lightweight Certificate-Based Source Authentication Protocol for Group Communications in Hybrid Wireless/Satellite Networks (2008)

In this paper, we describe an efficient authentication protocol for group communication in hybrid wireless networks with a satellite overlay. The proposed protocol uses a new class of lightweight, symmetric-key certificates called TESLA certificate. The certificates bind the identities of the senders to the anchor elements of their key chains; messages from the senders are authenticated by MACs computed with keys from the chain. The satellite is used as the certificate authority to generate the certificates. The satellite also acts as the proxy for the senders in disclosing the MAC keys to the receivers in the network. Due to the use of symmetric MAC functions, the proposed protocol is much less expensive in terms of node processing power and energy compared to digital signatures. The use of the satellite as the CA and the proxy allows strong security mechanisms and fast message verification. Through analysis, we show that the protocol is secure against malicious adversaries. We also estimate of the performance of the protocol in comparison to public key-based digital signatures.
Hemoglobin Vesicles to Treat Critical Ischemia (2015)

The initital purpose for developing artificial oxygen carriers was to replace blood transfusions in order to avoid their adverse effects such as immunologic reactions, transmission of infectious diseases, limited availability and restricted storage conditions. With the advent of new generations of artifical oxygen carriers, a shift of paradigm evolved that considers the artificial oxygen carriers as oxygen therapeutics re-distributing oxygen delivery in the favor of tissues in need. This function may find a particular application in tissues rendered hypoxic due to arterial occlusive diseases. This review, based on a large series of intravital microscopy studies in a hamster skin flap model, outlines the optimal design of hemoglobin vesicles?HbVs?given for the above intention. In summary, the HbV should be of a large diameter, and oxygen affinity, colloid osmotic pressure and viscosity of the HbV solution should be high.
Evaluation of Virulence in Cynomolgus Macaques Using a Virus Preparation Enriched for the Extracellular Form of Monkeypox Virus (2022)

The 2022 global human monkeypox outbreak emphasizes the importance of maintaining poxvirus research, including enriching a basic understanding of animal models for developing and advancing therapeutics and vaccines. Intravenous administration of monkeypox virus in macaques is arguably one of the best animal models for evaluating the efficacy of medical countermeasures. Here we addressed one criticism of the model, a requirement for a high-titer administration of virus, as well as improving our understanding of monkeypox virus pathogenesis. To do so, we infected macaques with a challenge dose containing a characterized inoculum enriched for the extracellular form of monkeypox virus. Although there were some differences between diseases caused by the enriched preparation compared with a relatively similar unpurified preparation, we were unable to reduce the viral input with the enriched preparation and maintain severe disease. We found that inherent factors contained within the serum of nonhuman primate blood affect the stability of the monkeypox extracellular virions. As a first step to study a role of the extracellular form in transmission, we also showed the presence of this form in the oropharyngeal swabs from nonhuman primates exposed to monkeypox virus.
OVEREXPRESSION OF PGC-1 IS SUFFICIENT TO INCREASE MUSCLE GLUCOSE UPTAKE AND OXIDATIVE CAPACITY (2003)

The peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1 is a transcriptional cofactor that is important in mitochondrial biogenesis and is increased in response to endurance-type exercise. PURPOSE Due to the close relationship between increases in mitochondrial mass and glucose uptake following endurance training, the role of PGC-1 in the regulation of glucose uptake was investigated. METHODS Cultured C2C12 myoblasts were transfected with either a control plasmid or a plasmid encoding the PGC-1 cDNA driven by the myosin light chain 2 slow minimal promoter. The cells were differentiated and analyzed 3 days following myotube formation. The metabolic rate of the cells was measured by alamar blue reduction, glucose transport was determined by 2-Deoxyglucose uptake, and Glut4 protein content was determined by western blot. RESULTS Overexpression of PGC-1 in C2C12 cells resulted in a 37% increase in metabolic rate over controls. Both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport were increased in cells overexpressing PGC-1 (basal – 38%, insulin-stimulated – 58%). Associated with this increase in glucose transport, in cells overexpressing the PGC-1 cDNA the levels of Glut4 were increased by 46% over cells transfected with control plasmid. CONCLUSION The level of PGC-1 within muscle cells is sufficient to determine the capacity of glucose transport. Together with the known function of PGC-1 in controlling mitochondrial biogenesis, we conclude that a single transcription factor is sufficient to coordinate at least two of the metabolic responses of skeletal muscle to endurance training. Supported by DARPA/Navy N66001-02-C-8034 and DARPA/Navy N00173-01-1-G20G
A c‐type cytochrome and a transcriptional regulator responsible for enhanced extracellular electron transfer in Geobacter sulfurreducens revealed by adaptive evolution (2010)

The stimulation of subsurface microbial metabolism often associated with engineered bioremediation of groundwater contaminants presents subsurface microorganisms, which are adapted for slow growth and metabolism in the subsurface, with new selective pressures. In order to better understand how Geobacter species might adapt to selective pressure for faster metal reduction in the subsurface, Geobacter sulfurreducens was put under selective pressure for rapid Fe(III) oxide reduction. The genomes of two resultant strains with rates of Fe(III) oxide reduction that were 10-fold higher than those of the parent strain were resequenced. Both strains contain either a single base-pair change or a 1 nucleotide insertion in a GEMM riboswitch upstream of GSU1761, a gene coding for the periplasmic c-type cytochrome designated PgcA. GSU1771, a gene coding for a SARP regulator, was also mutated in both strains. Introduction of either of the GEMM riboswitch mutations upstream of pgcA in the wild-type increased the abundance of pgcA transcripts, consistent with increased expression of pgcA in the adapted strains. One of the mutations doubled the rate of Fe(III) oxide reduction. Interruption of GSU1771 doubled the Fe(III) oxide reduction rate. This was associated with an increased in expression of pilA, the gene encoding the structural protein for the pili thought to function as microbial nanowires. The combination of the GSU1771 interruption with either of the pgcA mutations resulted in a strain that reduced Fe(III) as fast as the comparable adapted strain. These results suggest that the accumulation of a small number of beneficial mutations under selective pressure, similar to that potentially present during bioremediation, can greatly enhance the capacity for Fe(III) oxide reduction in G. sulfurreducens. Furthermore, the results emphasize the importance of the c-type cytochrome PgcA and pili in Fe(III) oxide reduction and demonstrate how adaptive evolution studies can aid in the elucidation of complex mechanisms, such as extracellular electron transfer.