gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LacZ Gene Transfer to Skeletal Muscle Using a Replication-Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Mutant Vector (1997)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) represents a promising new viral vector capable of efficient transduction of myofibers in vivo. Here we report on the use of a replication-defective HSV-1 mutant vector (DZ) deleted for the essential immediate early (IE) gene ICP4 for studies of reporter gene transfer and expression following direct inoculation of mouse skeletal muscle. The recombinant vector was engineered to contain the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under transcriptional control of the strong human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IE promoter. The effect of vector cytotoxicity on the durability of transgene expression following infection of muscle cells in culture and myofibers in vivo revealed that this first-generation HSV vector was cytopathic, limiting the persistence of vector-transduced cells. UV irradiation of vector preparations reduced viral cytotoxicity for myoblasts in culture without reducing significantly beta-galactosidase production. Moreover, muscle cell viability and the durability of transgene expression was enhanced by several days following UV inactivated-vector infection in vivo. Nevertheless, the viral DNA was subsequently lost from vector-inoculated muscle tissue within 2 weeks. This observation indicated that vector toxicity alone did not account for the lack of persistent transgene expression. Longer-term vector transduction and transgene expression was observed, however, following inoculation of immunodeficient SCID mice, indicating that host immunocompetence played an important role in determining the duration of transgene expression in animals. To support this hypothesis, cells expressing CD4 and CD8 antigens have been found in the HSV-1 injected muscle of immunocompetent mice. These data demonstrated that both vector toxicity and vector-induced immunity are significant obstacles to the use of HSV-1 vectors for muscle gene transfer. These impediments must be overcome to further develop HSV vectors for muscle gene therapy applications.
Tunable transition metal complexes as hole transport materials for stable perovskite solar cells (2021)

Transition metal complexes offer cost-effective alternatives as hole-transport materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells. However, the devices suffer from low performance. We boost the power conversion efficiency of devices with transition metal complex HTMs from 2% to above 10% through energy level tuning. We further demonstrate the excellent photostability of the device based on the additive-free HTM.
An extensible vector toolkit and parts library for advanced engineering of plant genomes (2023)

Plant biotechnology is rife with new advances in transformation and genome engineering techniques. A common requirement for delivery and coordinated expression in plant cells, however, places the design and assembly of transformation constructs at a crucial juncture as desired reagent suites grow more complex. Modular cloning principles have simplified some aspects of vector design, yet many important components remain unavailable or poorly adapted for rapid implementation in biotechnology research. Here, we describe a universal Golden Gate cloning toolkit for vector construction. The toolkit chassis is compatible with the widely accepted Phytobrick standard for genetic parts, and supports assembly of arbitrarily complex T-DNAs through improved capacity, positional flexibility, and extensibility in comparison to extant kits. We also provision a substantial library of newly adapted Phytobricks, including regulatory elements for monocot and dicot gene expression, and coding sequences for genes of interest such as reporters, developmental regulators, and site-specific recombinases. Finally, we use a series of dual-luciferase assays to measure contributions to expression from promoters, terminators, and from cross-cassette interactions attributable to enhancer elements in certain promoters. Taken together, these publicly available cloning resources can greatly accelerate the testing and deployment of new tools for plant engineering.
A novel logic level calculation model for leakage currents in digital nano-CMOS circuits (2011)

Accurate leakage current estimation in the early phase of digital IC synthesis is an increasingly critical step in the design flow. We present a logic-level estimation approach, suitable for implementation in HDL models or as an off-line tool, supporting separate estimation of the leakage components (sub-threshold, gate tunneling, reverse junction BTBT) including pattern dependency, stacking effects and loading effects. Results on single standard cells and multi-cell circuits exhibit a very good accuracy i.e. below 1% error with respect to Spice BSIM4.
Long-Term Outcome of Substrate Modification in Ablation of Post–Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Tachycardia (2018)

In this monocentric study, substrate modification targeting LAVA for post-myocardial infarction VT resulted in a substantial reduction of VT storm and implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks and up to 49% of patients free from arrhythmia at 5 years after a single procedure. Complete LAVA elimination, multielectrode mapping, and real-time integration were associated with improved VA-free survival.
Effect of heterosubtypic immunity on infection with attenuated influenza A virus vaccines in young children (1993)

Resistance to infection with an influenza A virus conferred by previous infection with an influenza A virus belonging to another subtype is called heterosubtypic immunity. Heterosubtypic immunity is demonstrable in laboratory animals but is believed to be weak in humans. The present study examined whether heterosubtypic immunity from previous influenza virus infection induced resistance to infection with an attenuated influenza A vaccine virus. Two groups of vaccinees consisting of young infants and children who received either influenza A H1N1 or H3N2 attenuated virus were studied. Influenza A H3N2 virus vaccine recipients were classified by their preexisting H1N1 heterosubtypic antibody level induced by prior infection with wild-type virus, and the H1N1 vaccinees were classified by their history of infection with H3N2 vaccine virus. For both groups of vaccinees, the rates of seroconversion and virus shedding and the level of vaccine virus replication were compared in subjects with and without heterosubtypic immunity. In 48 influenza A H3N2 virus and 39 H1N1 virus vaccinees, heterosubtypic immunity had no demonstrable effect on infectivity, immunogenicity, or replication of attenuated vaccine virus. These observations confirm the weak nature of heterosubtypic immunity in humans and suggest that it will not limit the utility of live attenuated influenza A viruses in young infants and children.
Soft buckling actuators (2023)

A soft actuator is described, including: a rotation center having a center of mass; a plurality of bucklable, elastic structural components each comprising a wall defining an axis along its longest dimension, the wall connected to the rotation center in a way that the axis is offset from the center of mass in a predetermined direction; and a plurality of cells each disposed between two adjacent bucklable, elastic structural components and configured for connection with a fluid inflation or deflation source; wherein upon the deflation of the cell, the bucklable, elastic structural components are configured to buckle in the predetermined direction. A soft actuating device including a plurality of the soft actuators and methods of actuation using the soft actuator or soft actuating device disclosed herein are also described.
Current controversies in the use of haemoglobin A1c (2012)

Haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) has recently been adopted by the World Health Organization into its recommended criteria for diabetes diagnosis. Much debate continues regarding the relative benefits and potential disadvantages surrounding the use of HbA(1c) for this purpose. There is a lack of consensus as to whether this alteration to the definition of diabetes is a step forward or whether it could add further confusion and ambiguity to the debate on the method and criteria for the diagnosis of this globally important disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current issues surrounding how HbA(1c) is measured and reported; and of the evidence for and against its use in diagnosis.
192. Regulated Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Expression with a Novel Spatiotemporal AAV Vector Cassette for Treating Congestive Heart Failure (2015)

Patients suffering from congestive heart failure (CHF) are vulnerable to a fluid overloaded state, contributing to significant morbidity and the mortality of ~287,000 patients per year in the US. This vulnerability is in part mediated by a dysregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) – a molecule acting on kidneys to induce diuresis. Multiple preclinical studies show that injecting pre-synthesized ANPs can induce diuresis, however pre-synthesized ANPs degrade rapidly making their impact only transient. Sustained ANP-mediated diuresis may provide a novel approach to curb fluid retention. To this end, we hypothesize that the use of AAV9 vectors will mediate delivery of a more biologically active version of ANP (aka mANP) in the context of a cardiomyocyte-specific, tetracycline-regulated expression cassette. Methodology – For temporal regulation we inserted a Tet-On 3G System into an AAV cassette (AAV-Tet). For cardiac restricted expression we also introduced a cardiomyocyte specific regulatory element. Preliminary Data – Doxycycline specifically induces expression in vitro of all tested genes, i.e. mANP, EGFP, and firefly luciferase (Luc). Regulation is tight, showing Luc expression increases of ~2000-fold over baseline. Using murine models we are currently accessing the pharmacokinetics of the AAV9-Tet vectors. Finally, diuretic potentials will be assessed in murine models of CHF. Conclusion – The spatiotemporally regulated mANP AAV vectors being developed herein could represent a new paradigm for treatment in CHF.
Echtzeit-MR mit radialer k-Raumabtastung zur Überwachung angiographischer Interventionen (1998)

The new technique yields a sufficiently high temporal resolution for MR-guidance of catheters through vessels.
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the hemagglutinin of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus induces cross‐protective immunity against Eurasian ‘avian‐like’ H1N1 swine viruses in mice (2013)

Systemic immunization of mice with CA/09-derived HA, vectored by MVA, elicited cross-protective immunity against recent EA-like swine viruses. This immune protection was related to the levels of cross-reactive HI antibodies in the sera of the immunized mice and was dependent on the similarity of the antigenic site Sa of H1 HAs. Our findings suggest that the herd immunity elicited in humans by the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus could limit the transmission of recent EA-like swine HA genes into the influenza A virus gene pool in humans.
Persistent Silylated Phosphoranyl Radicals. Application to Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (1997)

New phosphoranyl radicals [(R3SiO)3POSiR‘3]• (R = R‘ = Et, 1, R = iPr, R‘ = Et, 2) were generated and studied by EPR, in both liquid and frozen n-hexane. 1 and 2 were shown to be very persistent (for 1, τ1/2 ∼ 50 min at 293 K), and their EPR isotropic spectrum is composed of a large doublet resulting from the phosphorus hyperfine coupling (AP ∼ 2800 MHz). The modulation of the anisotropic part of the hyperfine phosphorus coupling was shown to be the main relaxation mechanism contributing to the EPR line width. Its contribution was close to 98% at 230 K and decreased to 75% at 330 K. The contribution of the exchange coupling between two radicals was negligible at 230 K but reached 25% at 330 K. Radicals 1 and 2, strongly influenced the T1 of the solvent hydrogens, and in n-hexane at 273 K the efficiency factor of 2 was 0.55. Using this value and a model previously described for stable nitroxides, the maximum value of the low-field dynamic nuclear polarization factor of an n-hexane solution of 2 was found to be close to 23 × 103. This value is approximately 10 times higher than the value measured and calculated for the most efficient nitroxides currently used in low-field DNP experiments.
Epidural Simulation for Patients of Various BMI and Body Shapes (2013)

This work presents a 3D model of human body shape which can adjust to represent a patient of any body mass or height to enable a patient-specific epidural simulation. The thickness of simulated interspinous and Supraspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, subcutaneous fat, skin and vertebrae are adjusted with haptic forces generated during needle insertion. Anthropometric measurements of the patient's parameters are used to calculate body mass index, total body water, waist to hip ratio and body circumferences.<br/>Many medical simulators for epidural needle insertion, laparoscopy, surgery, dentistry, and palpation contain an average body mass manikin which is not adjustable. In vivo, vast differences between patient size and shape such as obesity are evident. Anaesthetists find it difficult in overweight and obese patients to correctly place epidural needle due to difficult palpation, uncertainty locating epidural space and a longer Tuohy needle is required.
Formulation (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Number in Craft (2020)

In this chapter, the authors explore how sensor data features as a material in craft work, alongside the sensors themselves. They are also interested in what it might mean to think about sensor data as itself crafted—that is, not just constructed, or socially shaped, but crafted. To examine the craft of data, we conducted ethnography with people who build or use home energy monitoring equipment and upload the results onto Pachube. Pachube is a website that acts as an open data repository for sensor data of all kinds. Pachube and its users are tied to the larger maker movement, and often the systems used to sense are not commercially made products, but hardware hacks of various kinds. In practice, the craft of making sensors actually useful in a home or elsewhere far more resembles the numbers woven into a basket than sensor manufacturers may care to admit.
Building microelectronic systems in a university environment (1990)

This paper describes a ten-year-long technical and social experiment in our department to build a laboratory that designs and fabricates microelectronic systems in support of research in computer architecture. This experiment has been fairly successful by several measures: We have built and demonstrated a number of systems, some of significant size and complexity, spanning a fairly wide range of approaches and applications. We have validated the laboratory&amp;apos;s original premise, demonstrating economies of scale by sharing a system-building facility over multiple projects. Most importantly, we have fielded experimental systems on a long-term, maintainable basis. Our Microelectronic Systems Laboratory (MSL) may serve as a useful model for others who want to develop system-building capability in a university setting. I&amp;apos;ll describe the model in three parts:
Normal values and test–retest variability of stimulated-echo diffusion tensor imaging and fat fraction measurements in the muscle (2019)

Test-retest variability is excellent for STEAM-EPI diffusion and 2-point Dixon-based FF measurements in the healthy muscle. Inter- and intraobserver variability were excellent for region of interest placement for STEAM-EPI diffusion and 2-point Dixon-based FF measurements in the healthy muscle. There are significant differences in FF and diffusion measurements between the hamstrings and quadriceps in the normal muscle.
Segmental and secondary dynamics in hydrogen‐bonded poly(4‐vinylphenol)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blends (2004)

Abstract Broadband dielectric spectroscopy was used to study the segmental (α) and secondary (β) relaxations in hydrogen‐bonded poly(4‐vinylphenol)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVPh/PMMA) blends with PVPh concentrations of 20–80% and at temperatures from −30 to approximately glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) + 80 °C. Miscible blends were obtained by solution casting from methyl ethyl ketone solution, as confirmed by single differential scanning calorimetry T g and single segmental relaxation process for each blend. The β relaxation of PMMA maintains similar characteristics in blends with PVPh, compared with neat PMMA. Its relaxation time and activation energy are nearly the same in all blends. Furthermore, the dielectric relaxation strength of PMMA β process in the blends is proportional to the concentration of PMMA, suggesting that blending and intermolecular hydrogen bonding do not modify the local intramolecular motion. The α process, however, represents the segmental motions of both components and becomes slower with increasing PVPh concentration because of the higher T g . This leads to well‐defined α and β relaxations in the blends above the corresponding T g , which cannot be reliably resolved in neat PMMA without ambiguous curve deconvolution. The PMMA β process still follows an Arrhenius temperature dependence above T g , but with an activation energy larger than that observed below T g because of increased relaxation amplitude. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3405–3415, 2004
Toward Computerized Efficient Estimation in Infinite-Dimensional Models (2018)

Despite the risk of misspecification they are tied to, parametric models continue to be used in statistical practice because they are simple and convenient to use. In particular, efficient estimation procedures in parametric models are easy to describe and implement. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said of semiparametric and nonparametric models. While the latter often reflect the level of available scientific knowledge more appropriately, performing efficient inference in these models is generally challenging. The efficient influence function is a key analytic object from which the construction of asymptotically efficient estimators can potentially be streamlined. However, the theoretical derivation of the efficient influence function requires specialized knowledge and is often a difficult task, even for experts. In this paper, we present a novel representation of the efficient influence function and describe a numerical procedure for approximating its evaluation. The approach generalizes the nonparametric procedures of Frangakis et al. (2015) and Luedtke et al. (2015) to arbitrary models. We present theoretical results to support our proposal, and illustrate the method in the context of several semiparametric problems. The proposed approach is an important step toward automating efficient estimation in general statistical models, thereby rendering more accessible the use of realistic models in statistical analyses.
Phase I Study of KW-0761, a Defucosylated Humanized Anti-CCR4 Antibody, in Relapsed Patients With Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma and Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma (2010)

KW-0761 was tolerated at all the dose levels tested, demonstrating potential efficacy against relapsed CCR4-positive ATL or PTCL. Subsequent phase II studies at the 1.0 mg/kg dose are thus warranted.
Object Goal Navigation using Data Regularized Q-Learning (2022)

Object Goal Navigation requires a robot to find and navigate to an instance of a target object class in a previously unseen environment. Our framework incrementally builds a semantic map of the environment over time, and then repeatedly selects a long-term goal (’where to go’) based on the semantic map to locate the target object instance. Long-term goal selection is formulated as a vision-based deep reinforcement learning problem. Specifically, an Encoder Network is trained to extract high-level features from a semantic map and select a long-term goal. In addition, we incorporate data augmentation and Q-function regularization to make the long-term goal selection more effective. We report experimental results using the photo-realistic Gibson benchmark dataset in the AI Habitat 3D simulation environment to demonstrate substantial performance improvement on standard measures in comparison with a state of the art data-driven baseline.
Understanding the Interaction of an Intense Laser Pulse with Nanoparticles: Application to the Quantification of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Understanding the characteristic behavior of ions produced from the interaction of a high energy laser pulse with nanoparticles is essential for quantitative determination of composition and size of nanoparticles from single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS). We employed a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, where the laser field is coupled to the non-equilibrium time-dependent plasma hydrodynamics of the heated particles. We focus on regimes of laser width from 0.01 ns to 10 ns (532 nm wavelength, 100 mJ/pulse) and particle size (20–400 nm in diameter) most relevant to commonly used SPMS, and determine the properties of ions generated during the interaction with a strong laser pulse. We compare the simulation results with experiments conducted on aluminum nanoparticles. The laser-particle interaction is separated into a “soft heating” regime followed by a hydrodynamic expansion. Simulation results showed that the ablation/ionization is effectively complete well before the laser ever reaches its peak intensity. As the pulse width decreased for a given pulse energy, the kinetic energy of ions increased, suggesting that too short a pulse laser (i.e., high laser intensity) would be undesirable because higher energetic ions lead to lower detection efficiency in the SPMS. Results also show that for particle sizes in the range of 100 nm ∼ 400 nm, as particle size increased, the kinetic energy of ions produced from the particle increased with a power law relationship, consistent with experiment. Lastly our simulations indicated that ions from the surface of the particle are of higher energy, and therefore have lower detection efficiency.
125 De Novo Mutations in Genes Regulating Neural Stem Cell Fate in Human Congenital Hydrocephalus (2018)

Furey, Charuta Gavankar BA; Jin, Sheng Chih; Timberlake, Andrew T; Choi, Jungmin PhD; Zeng, Xue; Nelson-Williams, Carol; Mansuri, Mohammad PhD; Lu, Qiongshi; Duran, Daniel MD; Panchagnula, Shreyas BA; Alloco, August; Karimy, Jason K MS; Gaillard, Jonathan; Khanna, Arjun MD; Butler, William MD; Smith, Edward R MD; Warf, Benjamin C MD; Limbrick, David D MD, PhD; Storm, Phillip B MD; Heuer, Gregory G MD, PhD; Iskandar, Bermans MD; Johnston, James M MD; Alper, Seth; Guclu, Bulent MD; Bayri, Yasar MD; Sahin, Yener BA, MD; Duncan, Charles C MD; DiLuna, Michael L MD; Gunel, Murat MD; Lifton, Richard P MD, PhD; Kahle, Kristopher T MD, PhD Author Information