gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoresponsive and Photocrosslinkable PEGMEMA-PPGMA-EGDMA Copolymers from a One-Step ATRP Synthesis (2009)

Thermoresponsive and photocrosslinkable polymers can be used as injectable scaffolds in tissue engineering to yield gels in situ with enhanced mechanical properties and stability. They allow easy handling and hold their shapes prior to photopolymerization for clinical practice. Here we report a novel copolymer with both thermoresponsive and photocrosslinkable properties via a facile one-step deactivation enhanced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methylacrylate (PEGMEMA, M(n) = 475) and poly(propylene glycol) methacrylate (PPGMA, M(n) = 375) as monofunctional vinyl monomers and up to 30% of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as multifunctional vinyl monomer. The resultant PEGMEMA-PPGMA-EGDMA copolymers have been characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR analysis, which demonstrate their multivinyl functionality and hyperbranched structures. These water-soluble copolymers show lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior at 32 degrees C, which is comparable to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The copolymers can also be cross-linked by photopolymerization through their multivinyl functional groups. Rheological studies clearly demonstrate that the photocrosslinked gels formed at a temperature above the LCST have higher storage moduli than those prepared at a temperature below the LCST. Moreover, the cross-linking density of the gels can be tuned to tailor their porous structures and mechanical properties by adjusting the composition and concentration of the copolymers. Hydrogels with a broad range of storage moduli from 10 to 400 kPa have been produced.
Theory of the Role of Covalence in the Perovskite-Type Manganites[La, M(II)]MnO3 (1955)

The theory of semicovalent exchange is reviewed and applied to the perovskite-type manganites $[\mathrm{La}, M(\mathrm{II})]\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. With the hypothesis of covalent and semicovalent bonding between the oxygen and manganese ions plus the mechanism of double exchange, detailed qualitative predictions are made about the magnetic lattice, the crystallographic lattice, the electrical resistivity, and the Curie temperature as functions of the fraction of ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ present. These predictions are found to be in accord with recent findings from neutron-diffraction and x-ray data as well as with the earlier experiments on this system by Jonker and van Santen.
Peptidome Surveillance Across Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Lineages Reveals HLA Binding Conservation in Nucleocapsid Among Variants With Most Potential for T-Cell Epitope Loss in Spike (2022)

To provide a unique global view of the relative potential for evasion of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells by SARS-CoV-2 lineages as they evolve over time, we performed a comprehensive analysis of predicted HLA-I and HLA-II binding peptides in Spike (S) and Nucleocapsid (N) protein sequences of all available SARS-CoV-2 genomes as provided by NIH NCBI at a bi-monthly interval between March and December of 2021. A data supplement of all B.1.1.529 (Omicron) genomes from GISAID in early December was also used to capture the rapidly spreading variant. A key finding is that throughout continued viral evolution and increasing rates of mutations occurring at T-cell epitope hotspots, protein instances with worst-case binding loss did not become the most frequent for any Variant of Concern (VOC) or Variant of Interest (VOI) lineage; suggesting T-cell evasion is not likely to be a dominant evolutionary pressure on SARS-CoV-2. We also determined that throughout the course of the pandemic in 2021, there remained a relatively steady ratio of viral variants that exhibit conservation of epitopes in the N protein, despite significant potential for epitope loss in S relative to other lineages. We further localized conserved regions in N with high epitope yield potential, and illustrated heterogeneity in HLA-I binding across the S protein consistent with empirical observations. Although Omicron's high volume of mutations caused it to exhibit more epitope loss potential than most frequently observed versions of proteins in almost all other VOCs, epitope candidates across its most frequent N proteins were still largely conserved. This analysis adds to the body of evidence suggesting that N may have merit as an additional antigen to elicit immune responses to vaccination with increased potential to provide sustained protection against COVID-19 disease in the face of emerging variants.
Twisted light induced magnetic anisotropy changes in an interlayer exchange coupling system (2021)

All-optical switching of magnetic materials is a potential method for realizing high-efficiency and high-speed data writing in spintronics devices. The current method, which utilizes two circular helicities of light to manipulate magnetic domains, is based on femtosecond pulsed lasers. In this study, we demonstrate a new all-optical switching method using a continuous-wave Laguerre-Gaussian beam (twisted light), which allows photons to carry orbital angular momentum with discrete levels, lℏ, to modify the magnetic anisotropy of an interlayer exchange coupling system. The easy axis of the heterojunction Pt(5 nm)/Co(1.2 nm)/Ru(1.4 nm)/Co(0.4 nm)/Pt(5 nm) on a SiO2/Si substrate dramatically changed after illuminating it with a laser beam carrying a sufficient quantum number of orbital angular momentum. Based on a simple numerical calculation, we deduced that the interaction between the dynamical phase rotation of the electric field and the metal surface could generate an in-plane circular current loop that consequently induces a perpendicular stray field to change the magnetic anisotropy. This finding paves the way for developments in the field of magnetic-based spintronics using light with orbital angular momentum.
Millimeter-wave and THz links under severe weather condition (2021)

Millimeter-waves and THz-waves can offer high-speed wireless transmission. However, transmission distance would be limited due to atmospheric attenuation and rain attenuation. In addition, mechanical vibration by wind would have impact on link performance, because the wavelengths of carriers are less than a few millimeters. This presentation reviews recent studies on fixed wireless link performance under severe weather condition.
Monolithic Reactor-Heat Exchanger (1978)

A novel monolithic reactor-heat exchanger has been constructed and operated in five different modes. Experiments were conducted with the oxidation of carbon monoxide over copper chromite pelleted catalysts. The experimental temperatures of reactants and coolants, and concentrations agree with computations with a cell model. Virtually flat temperature profiles can be obtained in the co-current mode. Equipment A novel chemical reactor has been constructed of four crossflow monoliths arranged in series to act as reactor-heat exchangers. Every second pass of each crossflow is packed with a pelleted catalyst or has catalyst deposited on the monolith walls. The remaining passes are empty to facilitate the flow of heat exchange medium. A pelleted crossflow monolith is shown in Fig. 1, and its dimensions are shown in Table I. For the coated monolith, the heights of the two passes are the same. Note the large heat transfer area to volume ratio achieved in the
Fast Kalman filtering via a low-rank perturbative approach (2011)

Kalman filtering is a fundamental tool in statistical time series analysis: it is computationally tractable in many real-world situations, implements the optimal Bayesian filter in the linear-Gaussian setting, and serves as a key step in the inference algorithms for a wide variety of nonlinear and non-Gaussian models. However, standard implementations of the Kalman filter require O(N 3 ) time and O(N 2 ) space per timestep, where N is the dimension of the state variable, and are therefore impractical in many high-dimensional problems. In this paper we note that if a relatively small number of observations with low signal-to-noise (SNR) are available per time step, the Kalman equations may be approximated in terms of a low-rank perturbation of the prior state covariance matrix in the absence of any observations. In many cases this approximation may be computed and updated very efficiently (often in justO(N) or O(N log N) time and space per timestep), using fast methods from numerical linear algebra. This opens up the possibility of real-time adaptive experimental design and optimal control in systems of much larger dimension than was previously feasible. We describe an application involving smoothing of spatiotemporal neuroscience data.
Nanoimprint Materials Systems (2008)

In UV cure nanoimprint lithography the interfaces as well as the resist composition play an important role in determining the characteristics of the resulting patterned material, which can be used for subsequent pattern transfer, or be functional. It is important for applications that there be only rare defects, and that template release always be a clean process. In this paper fundamental physical and chemical aspects of the resist template interface are discussed, with a particular focus on how they influence the process of template removal.
Polymer-based Hybrid Integrated Photonic Devices for Silicon On-chip Modulation and Board-level Optical Interconnects (2014)

The accelerating increase in information traffic demands the expansion of optical access network systems that require cost reduction of optical and photonic components. Low cost, ease of fabrication, and integration capabilities of low optical-loss polymers make them attractive for photonic applications. In addition to passive wave-guiding components, electro-optic (EO) polymers consisting of a polymeric matrix doped with organic nonlinear chromophores have enabled wide-RF-bandwidth and low-power optical modulators. Beside board level passive and active optical components, compact on-chip modulators (a few 100 micronmeters to a few millimeters) have been made possible by hybrid integration of EO polymers onto the silicon platform. This paper summarizes some of the recent progress in polymer based optical modulators and interconnects. A highly linear, broadband directional coupler modulator for use in analog optical links and compact, and low-power silicon/polymer hybrid slot photonic crystal waveguide modulators for on chip applications are presented. Recently, cost-effective roll-to-roll fabrication of electronic and photonic systems on flexible substrates has been gaining interest. A low-cost imprinted/ink-jet-printed Mach-Zehnder modulator and board-to-board optical interconnects using microlens integrated 45-degree mirror couplers compatible with the roll-to-roll fabrication platforms are also presented.
A Simple Electrostatic Device for Eliminating Tobacco Sidestream Smoke to Prevent Passive Smoking (2018)

An electrostatic apparatus was constructed to capture tobacco sidestream smoke. This apparatus consisted of a perforated polypropylene plate with metal spikes and a grounded metal net arrayed in parallel at a defined interval. Spikes were negatively charged to positively polarize the net and an electric field was formed between the opposite charges of the spike tips and the grounded net. Discharge from the spike tips occurred, which depended on the pole distance and the voltage applied to the spikes. At lower voltages (&lt;12.1 kV) that do not cause arc discharge from the tips, a corona discharge occurred with the generation of an ionic wind from the spiked plate to the net. This discharge increased in direct proportion to the applied voltage and relative humidity, while a larger corona discharge generated a stronger ionic wind. The ionic wind involved negative ions and the number of negative ions in the wind increased with increasing applied voltage. The optimal voltage (10 kV) generated sufficient negative ions to ionize smoke particles in the electric field, before the ionized smoke particles were successfully captured by the oppositely charged metal net. Thus, this study provides an experimental basis for the practical application of an electrostatic-based method to prevent the production of tobacco sidestream smoke that leads to passive smoking by non-smokers.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on “Wireless Networks Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces” (2020)

Future wireless networks will be as pervasive as the air we breathe, not only connecting us but embracing us through a web of systems that support personal and societal well-being. That is, the ubiquity, speed and low latency of such networks will allow currently disparate devices and services to become a distributed intelligent communications, sensing, and computing platform.
Metallic conductivity and air stability in copper chloride intercalated carbon fibers (1982)

We have formed carbon-copper chloride intercalation compounds using variously graphitized carbon fibers as host materials. The resultant conductors are air stable, thermally stable to 450 °K, have electrical resistivities as low as 12.9 μ Ω cm at room temperature, and have metallic conductivity temperature dependencies. These intercalated fibers have tensile strengths of 160 000 psi, and Young’s moduli of 25×106 psi. For aerospace use, (resistivity×density)−1 is a figure of merit. On this basis, a reduction in resistivity by a factor of two will make this conductor competitive with copper.
Photoluminescence, Electroluminescence, and Complex Formation of Novel N-7-Azaindolyl- and 2,2‘-Dipyridylamino-Functionalized Siloles (2004)

New silole compounds based on the 7-azaindolyl and 2,2‘-dipyridylamino groups, 1,1-dimethyl-2,5-bis(4-N-7-azaindolylphenyl)-3,4-diphenylsilole (1), 1,1-dimethyl-2,5-bis(4‘-N-7-azaindoylbiphenylyl)-3,4-diphenylsilole (2), 1,1-dimethyl-2,5-bis(p-2,2‘-dipyridylaminophenyl)-3,4-diphenylsilole (3), and 1,1-dimethyl-2,5-bis(p-2,2‘-dipyridylaminobiphenylyl)-3,4-diphenylsilole (4), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. These new silole compounds are capable of binding to metal ions as demonstrated by the zinc(II) complex 5 obtained from the reaction of 3 with Zn(O2CCF3)2(H2O)3, where 3 functions as a bridging-chelating ligand to zinc(II) ions. The structure of siloles 1 and 3, and complex 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compound 5 displays an extended 1D polymer structure in the solid state with alternating molecules of 3 and a dinuclear unit of Zn2(O2CCF3)4(H2O). Compounds 1−4 are bright green emitters in solution and in the solid state with emission λmax at 506, 511, 519, and 516 nm, respectively. In contrast, the emission maximum of complex 5 is blue-shifted (λmax = 488 nm), which is attributed to the disruption of the conjugation of the functionalized phenyl rings with the central silole ring by zinc(II) coordination, as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Electroluminescent devices using compounds 1 and 3 as the emitting layer and the electron-transporting layer have been fabricated successfully.
Plasma reconfigurable metamaterial using a 6.5 GHz dielectric resonator array (2019)

Plasma formation between coupled dielectric resonators (DRs) is frequency scaled from 1 GHz to 7 GHz. Previous research found that applying low-power microwaves to a pair of calcium titanate (CaTiO3) resonators could ignite plasma between them using the HEM111 resonance mode. Those large, 1 GHz DRs are scaled down in size, and thus scaled up in frequency. The optimum relative permittivity of DRs for plasma formation is reported to be 200, confirming that CaTiO3 (ɛr ∼ 170 ± 5) is a good material to use for plasma-forming DRs. This paper presents data collected for a 2D array of resonators operating in the 6–7 GHz range for separation distances of 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm in a 1–10 Torr argon gas environment. Gas breakdown data for two DR configurations are compared to the Raizer theory at 1.1 GHz and 6.5 GHz. Plasma modulation of the reflection and transmission of DR arrays with plasma on and off indicates possible future applications as a frequency selective filter.
Optimization and Analysis of Conjugated Polymer Side Chains for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells (2016)

Optimization and analysis of conjugated polymer side chains for high‐performance organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) reveal a critical relationship between the chemical structure of the side chains and photovoltaic properties of polymer‐based bulk heterojunction OPVs. In particular, the impact of the alkyl side chain length on the π‐bridging (thienothiophene, TT) unit is considered by designing and synthesizing a series of benzodithiophene derivatives (BDT(T)) and thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐π‐bridged thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6(5H)‐dione (ttTPD) alternating copolymers, PBDT(T)‐(R 2 )ttTPD, with alkyl chains of varying length on the TT unit. Using a combination of 2D X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical device characterization, it is elucidated in detail how these subtle changes to the chemical structure affect the molecular conformation, thin film molecular packing, blend film morphology, optoelectronic properties, and hence overall photovoltaic performance. For copolymers employing both the alkoxy or alkylthienyl‐substituted BDT motifs, it is found that octyl side chains on TT unit yield the maximum degree of molecular backbone coplanarity and result in the highest quality of molecular packing and optimized hole mobility. Inverted devices fabricated using this PBDTT‐8ttTPD: polymer/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C 71 ‐butylic acid methyl ester active layer show a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.7% with large area cells (0.64 cm 2 ) maintaining a PCE of 7.5%.
Elastic and ultimate properties of acrylic bone cement reinforced with ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene fibers (1989)

A study of the fracture behavior of poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement reinforced with short ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (Spectra 900) fibers is presented. Linear elastic and nonlinear elastic fracture mechanics results indicate that a significant reinforcing effect is obtained at fiber contents as low as 1% by weight, but beyond that concentration a plateau value is reached and the fracture toughness becomes insensitive to fiber content. The flexural strength and modulus are apparently not improved by the incorporation of polyethylene fibers in the acrylic cement, probably because of the presence of voids, the poor mixing practice and the weakness of the fiber/matrix interfacial bond. The present polyethylene/PMMA composite presents several advantages as compared to other composite cements, but overall the mechanical performance of this system resembles that of Kevlar 29/PMMA cement, with a few differences. Scanning electron microscopy reveals characteristic micromechanisms of energy absorption in Spectra 900/PMMA bone cement. A scheme for the strength of random fiber-reinforced composites, which is a simple extension of the Kelly and Tyson model for the strength of unidirectional composites, is presented and discussed. Young's modulus and the fracture toughness results are discussed in the framework of existing theories. More fundamental modeling treatments are needed in terms of fracture micromechanisms to understand and optimize the various mechanical properties with respect to structural parameters and cement preparation technique.
Engineered ultraviolet InGaN/AlGaN multiple-quantum-well structures for maximizing cathodoluminescence efficiency (2022)

We demonstrate a systematic way to understand and select the accelerating voltage for maximizing cathodoluminescence (CL) by correlating the carrier diffusion length with the efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) InGaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs). We showed that the absorption of MQWs benefits from the absorbed energy within the diffusion length below the MQWs. With this understanding, we have achieved good agreement between the experimental data of and the Monte Carlo (CASINO) simulations on the dependence of acceleration voltage and QW number on InGaN/AlGaN MQW structures. These findings indicate that CL-based UV generation from carefully engineered III-N MQW structures with an appropriate number of QWs is highly promising. The understanding and application of this work can be extended to electron-beam pumped devices emitting in deep-UV (200–280 nm) wavelengths.
TAJ (2009)

Taint analysis, a form of information-flow analysis, establishes whether values from untrusted methods and parameters may flow into security-sensitive operations. Taint analysis can detect many common vulnerabilities in Web applications, and so has attracted much attention from both the research community and industry. However, most static taint-analysis tools do not address critical requirements for an industrial-strength tool. Specifically, an industrial-strength tool must scale to large industrial Web applications, model essential Web-application code artifacts, and generate consumable reports for a wide range of attack vectors.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expedient Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Estrone Derivatives. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Methods for strengthening reinforced concrete structures (2002)

Conference paper written by Gregor Schwegler and Thierry Berset presented at IABSE Symposium: Towards a Better Built Environment - Innovation, Sustainability, Information Technology, Melbourne, Australia, 11-13 September 2002.
The regulation of SIRT2 function by cyclin-dependent kinases affects cell motility (2008)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) fulfill key functions in many cellular processes, including cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal dynamics. A limited number of Cdk substrates have been identified with few demonstrated to be regulated by Cdk-dependent phosphorylation. We identify on protein expression arrays novel cyclin E-Cdk2 substrates, including SIRT2, a member of the Sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases that targets alpha-tubulin. We define Ser-331 as the site phosphorylated by cyclin E-Cdk2, cyclin A-Cdk2, and p35-Cdk5 both in vitro and in cells. Importantly, phosphorylation at Ser-331 inhibits the catalytic activity of SIRT2. Gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrate that SIRT2 interfered with cell adhesion and cell migration. In postmitotic hippocampal neurons, neurite outgrowth and growth cone collapse are inhibited by SIRT2. The effects provoked by SIRT2, but not those of a nonphosphorylatable mutant, are antagonized by Cdk-dependent phosphorylation. Collectively, our findings identify a posttranslational mechanism that controls SIRT2 function, and they provide evidence for a novel regulatory circuitry involving Cdks, SIRT2, and microtubules.