gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Highly π-Stacked Organic Semiconductor for Thin Film Transistors Based on Fused Thiophenes (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Highly π-Stacked Organic Semiconductor for Thin Film Transistors Based on Fused ThiophenesXiao-Chang Li, Henning Sirringhaus, Francis Garnier, Andrew B. Holmes, Stephen C. Moratti, Neil Feeder, William Clegg, Simon J. Teat, and Richard H. FriendView Author Information Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, U.K. Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics University of Cambridge Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K. Laboratoire des Matériaux Moléculaires CNRS (UPR 241), 2, rue Henry Dunant F-94320 Thiais, France University Chemical Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K. Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9, 2206–2207Publication Date (Web):February 24, 1998Publication History Received15 October 1997Published online24 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9735968https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9735968rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3873Altmetric-Citations382LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Organic semiconductors,Thin films,Thiophenes,Transistors Get e-Alerts
Ensembling Strategies for Answering Natural Questions (2019)

Many of the top question answering systems today utilize ensembling to improve their performance on tasks such as the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) and Natural Questions (NQ) challenges. Unfortunately most of these systems do not publish their ensembling strategies used in their leaderboard submissions. In this work, we investigate a number of ensembling techniques and demonstrate a strategy which improves our F1 score for short answers on the dev set for NQ by 2.3 F1 points over our single model (which outperforms the previous SOTA by 1.9 F1 points).
Current noise, photon number fluctuations and squeezing in quantum cascade lasers (2003)

Unipolar quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) utilizing intersubband transitions to generate photons have become important sources of light in the mid-infrared region (5 /spl mu/m - 10 /spl mu/m). The primary application of coherent sources at these wavelengths is spectroscopy. For such applications it is important to quantify the photon noise in QCLs. In this paper a comprehensive model for the photon number fluctuations in QCLs is reported for the first time.
Progress in experimental studies into the beam parameter product of GaAs-based high-power diode lasers (2022)

Results of an extended series of experimental studies into the beam parameter product (BPP) of high-power diode lasers are summarized, covering efforts to clearly diagnose the limiting factors and develop novel device technology to address these limits. We review diagnostic studies, separating BPP empirically into bias-dependent (thermal) and bias-independent (non-thermal) terms for convenience of analysis. First, we use monolithically grating-stabilized lasers to confirm the presence of a well-defined series of guided modes, rather than filaments. Second, we present results from a series of custom devices and tests (guided by targeted simulations). Third, we show that effects driven by thermal lensing and current spreading dominate the variation in BPP with bias. The residual bias-independent BPP background remains around 30- 50% of the total, and is most likely partly limited by gain-guiding effects. Fourth, the presence of longitudinal temperature variation due to non-uniform optical intensity along the resonator further degrades the bias-independent background level. Lateral current blocking technology is shown to reduce current spreading, and improve the bias-dependent BPP. Thermal engineering also improves bias-dependent BPP, achieved by varying epitaxial layer structure and by targeted changes in bar layout, clarified using measurements in thermography cross-referenced to simulation. In summary, we contend that experimental studies have allowed the effects that limit lateral BPP to be largely clarified, so that research efforts can now focus on developing device technology suitable for reducing BPP without other penalties. The background level to BPP remains an open topic, and further study is needed to better understand and address this.
Diet-induced impaired glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes in the dog (2010)

Glucose metabolism was compared in dogs consuming a chow/meat diet throughout pregnancy (P group, n = 6) and dogs switched to a high-fat/high-fructose (HFF) diet during the 4th-5th gestational week (gestation ≃9 wk; P-HFF group; n = 6). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 0.9 g/kg) was administered in the 6th-7th gestational week, and a hyperinsulinemic [0-120 min: 1.8 pmol·kg(-1)·min(-1) (low insulin); 120-240 min: 9 pmol·kg(-1)·min(-1) (high insulin)] euglycemic clamp was performed the following week. Nonpregnant (NP) female dogs underwent OGTTs but not clamp studies. All P-HFF dogs exhibited impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or gestational diabetes (GDM), but only one P dog had IGT. Insulin concentrations in P and P-HFF dogs were significantly lower than in NP dogs 30 and 60 min after the OGTT. Therefore, mean islet size and area were evaluated in P and NP dogs. These values did not differ between groups, and proliferating endocrine cells were rare in pregnancy. During exposure to high insulin, glucose infusion rate and hindlimb glucose uptake were ∼30% greater (P < 0.05) and net hepatic glucose output was more suppressed (-5.5 ± 6.1 vs. 7.8 ± 2.8 mg·100 g liver(-1)·min(-1), P < 0.05) in P than in P-HFF dogs. In conclusion, in the 2nd trimester the canine pancreas does not exhibit islet hypertrophy, hyperplasia, or neogenesis. Combined with the lack of pancreatic adaptation, a HFF diet during late pregnancy produces a canine model of IGT and GDM without hyperinsulinemia but exhibiting liver and muscle insulin resistance.
Supplementary Table 1 from Identification of Epigenetically Silenced Genes in Tumor Endothelial Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Identification of Epigenetically Silenced Genes in Tumor Endothelial Cells
The Feasibility of Societal Cost Equivalence between Robotic Hysterectomy and Alternate Hysterectomy Methods for Endometrial Cancer (2011)

Objectives. We assess whether it is feasible for robotic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer to be less expensive to society than traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy or abdominal hysterectomy. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of patient characteristics, operative times, complications, and hospital charges from all (n = 234) endometrial cancer patients who underwent hysterectomy in 2009 at our hospital. Per patient costs of each hysterectomy method were examined from the societal perspective. Sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation were performed using a cost-minimization model. Results. 40 (17.1%) of hysterectomies for endometrial cancer were robotic, 91 (38.9%), were abdominal, and 103 (44.0%) were laparoscopic. 96.3% of the variation in operative cost between patients was predicted by operative time (R = 0.963, P < 0.01). Mean operative time for robotic hysterectomy was significantly longer than other methods (P < 0.01). Abdominal hysterectomy was consistently the most expensive while the traditional laparoscopic approach was consistently least expensive. The threshold in operative time that makes robotic hysterectomy cost equivalent to the abdominal approach is within the range of our experience. Conclusion. It is feasible for robotic hysterectomy to be less expensive than abdominal hysterectomy, but unlikely for robotic hysterectomy to be less expensive than traditional laparoscopy.
Anti-ulcer activity of procyanidins preparation of water-soluble procyanidin-cimetidine complexes. (1989)

The anti-ulcer properties of water-soluble procyanidins prepared by fermentation of tannins from Fragaria vesca were studied. Complexes of procyanidins and cimetidine were prepared. The procyanidins increased the water-solubility of the cimetidine and may prevent undesirable nitrosamine formation in the stomach as they block its cyanamide function.
Hidden in Plaintext (2019)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become an attractive choice for diverse applications due to their reconfigurability and unique security features. However, designs mapped to FPGAs are prone to malicious modifications or tampering of critical functions. Besides, targeted modifications have demonstrably compromised FPGA implementations of various cryptographic primitives. Existing security measures based on encryption and authentication can be bypassed using their side-channel vulnerabilities to execute bitstream tampering attacks. Furthermore, numerous resource-constrained applications are now equipped with low-end FPGAs, which may not support power-hungry cryptographic solutions. In this article, we propose a novel obfuscation-based approach to achieve strong resistance against both random and targeted pre-configuration tampering of critical functions in an FPGA design. Our solution first identifies the unique structural and functional features that separate the critical function from the rest of the design using a machine learning guided framework. The selected features are eliminated by applying appropriate obfuscation techniques, many of which take advantage of “FPGA dark silicon”—unused lookup table resources—to mask the critical functions. Furthermore, following the same obfuscation principle, a redundancy-based technique is proposed to thwart targeted, rule-based, and random tampering. We have developed a complete methodology and custom software toolflow that integrates with commercial tools. By applying the masking technique on a design containing AES, we show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in hiding the critical S-Box function. We implement the redundancy integrated solution in various cryptographic designs to analyze the overhead. To protect 16.2% critical component of a design, the proposed approach incurs an average area overhead of only 2.4% over similar redundancy-based approaches, while achieving strong security.
The Fungal Mycobiome and Its Interaction with Gut Bacteria in the Host (2017)

The advent of sequencing technology has endowed us with the capacity to study microbes constituting the human commensal community that were previously non-culturable. Much of the initial works have concentrated on the bacterial flora constituting the gut microbiome, since specimens are readily accessible in health and disease. Less, however, is understood of the "silent population"-the fungal species, also known as the mycobiome. Living in symbiosis with bacteria as commensals in our body, it is perceivable that the mycobiome exerts an inadvertent influence on the microbiome. We review here the recent knowledge gained from study of the interaction between the mycobiome and microbiome in health and disease susceptibility, immunity, and consequences from antimicrobial treatment.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

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Distance effects in low-frequency power line communications (2010)

Most power line communications systems operate at frequencies no less than 9 KHz. Lower frequency systems, while slower in symbol rate, have the advantage of propagating over long distances. There is therefore no need for repeaters and signal boosters which can make deployment in sparsely populated areas prohibitively expensive. We introduce a novel circuit for generating narrowband, low-frequency pulses. We present data acquired using this circuit at several rural utilities wherein the signal is measured at the point of generation and at the substation supplying that point, and the signal attenuation is inferred. Statistical analysis of these results demonstrates that there is no discernable, consistent degradation in signal strength with distance up to at least 12 km.
CCR Translation for This Article from Scatter Spectroscopic Imaging Distinguishes between Breast Pathologies in Tissues Relevant to Surgical Margin Assessment (2023)

CCR Translation for This Article from Scatter Spectroscopic Imaging Distinguishes between Breast Pathologies in Tissues Relevant to Surgical Margin Assessment
Terahertz performance in atmospheric turbulence (2014)

Terahertz (THz) free space signaling through experimental controlled atmospheric turbulence is reported. A THz link at 625 GHz carrier frequency with a maximum data rate of 2.5 Gb/s has been developed. Power attenuation and bit error rate (BER) performance caused by air turbulence are presented and compared with an infrared (IR) link at 1550nm wavelength. Numerical simulation of THz attenuation under different turbulence conditions are shown and compared with experimental data.
P-C21 Molecular Mimicry of a Helical Region in Domain 1 of CD4 Facilitates Interdomain Stabilization of HIV-1 gp120 (2017)

JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes​ seeks to end the HIV epidemic by presenting important new science across all disciplines that advance our understanding of the biology, treatment and prevention of HIV infection worldwide. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the trusted, interdisciplinary resource for HIV- and AIDS-related information with a strong focus on basic and translational science, clinical science, and epidemiology and prevention. Co-edited by the foremost leaders in clinical virology, molecular biology, and epidemiology, JAIDS publishes vital information on the advances in diagnosis and treatment of HIV infections, as well as the latest research in the development of therapeutics and vaccine approaches. This ground-breaking journal brings together rigorously peer-reviewed articles, reviews of current research, results of clinical trials, and epidemiologic reports from around the world.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Fugitive Methane Emissions Monitoring in Oil and Gas Industry (2018)

Remote areas monitoring can leverage the versatility of wireless sensor networks with integrated power harvesting and localization capabilities. We present a sensor platform that collects chemical and environmental data and combines it with a cloud based analytics to localize fugitive methane leaks and to quantify the emission of chemical plumes. The platform combine a wireless methane sensor network and wind sensor to continuously monitor the environment and track how methane leaks are developing. Real world testing of the technology indicate leak localization performance better than 1 meter based on sensor data collected for less than 1 hour. The sensor platform can minimizing oil and gas production loss, enable continuous monitoring of the equipment, and identify hazardous working conditions for operators.
Streaming Media Interfaces for Chat (1999)

We describe some common problems experienced by users of computer-based text chat, and show how many of these problems relate to the loss of timing-specific information. We suggest that thinking of chat as a streaming media data type might solve some of these problems. We then present a number of alternative chat interfaces along with results from user studies comparing and contrasting them both with each other and with the standard chat interface.
Prostanoid receptors (version 2019.5) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database (2019)

Prostanoid receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Prostanoid Receptors [659]) are activated by the endogenous ligands prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2 , PGF2α, PGH2, prostacyclin [PGI2] and thromboxane A2. Measurement of the potency of PGI2 and thromboxane A2 is hampered by their instability in physiological salt solution; they are often replaced by cicaprost and U46619, respectively, in receptor characterization studies.
Coupling comprehensive pesticide-wide association study to iPSC dopaminergic screening identifies and classifies Parkinson-relevant pesticides (2022)

ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex, multi-factorial neurodegenerative disease, known to involve genetic, aging-related components, but also to be highly sensitive to environmental factors. In particular, ample evidence links pesticides to PD etiology. Here, establishing a field-to-bench paradigm, we have combined record-based exposure assessment in a population-based epidemiologic study of PD with testing in dopaminergic neurons produced from iPSCs to further identify and classify PD-relevant pesticides. First, agricultural pesticide-application records in California enabled us to investigate exposure to nearly 300 specific pesticides and PD risk in a comprehensive, pesticide-wide association study (PWAS). We implicated long-term exposure to 53 pesticide active ingredients in PD risk and identified their relevant co-exposure profiles. Second, to identify which of these pesticides might contribute to PD through direct effects on dopaminergic neurons, we employed a live-cell imaging screening paradigm in which neurons, definitively identified with a tyrosine hydroxylase reporter, were exposed to 43 of the high-risk pesticides. Using detailed morphometric measures, we found 10 pesticides were directly toxic to these neurons. Further, we analyzed pesticides typically used in combinations in cotton farming. Among these “cotton cluster” pesticides, co-exposures resulted in markedly greater toxicity than any single pesticide. Trifluralin was a pivotal driver of toxicity to dopaminergic neurons and led to marked mitochondrial dysfunction. Our field-to-bench paradigm may prove useful to mechanistically dissect pesticide exposure implicated in PD risk, and guide agricultural policy in the future.
Iron Regulator Hepcidin Impairs Macrophage-Dependent Cardiac Repair After Injury (2019)

Hepcidin refrains macrophage-induced cardiac repair and regeneration through modulation of IL-4/IL-13 pathways.
Anti-counterfeit Techniques: From Design to Resign (2013)

The emerging threat of counterfeit electronic components has become a major challenge over the past decade. To address this growing concern, a suite of tests for the detection of such parts has been created. However, due to the large test time and cost, it is fairly difficult to implement them. Moreover, the presence of different types of counterfeits in the supply chain - recycled, remarked, overproduced, out-of-spec/defective, cloned, forged documentation, and tampered - makes the detection even more challenging. In this paper, we present a detailed taxonomy of counterfeit types to analyze the vulnerabilities in the electronic component supply chain. We then present the state of knowledge on anti-counterfeit technologies to help prevent counterfeit components from ever entering into the supply chain and to provide capabilities for easy detection.
User Influence on MIMO Channel Capacity for Handsets in Data Mode Operation (2011)

The current paper concerns realistic evaluation of the capacity of the MIMO channel between a BS and handheld device, such as a PDA or smartphone, held in front of the user's body (data mode). The work is based on measurements of the MIMO channel between two widely separated BSs in a micro-cellular setup, and six handsets located in an indoor environment. The measurements are done simultaneously in both the 773.5-778.5 MHz and 2250-2350 MHz bands, and from the two BSs. The handsets are realistic types and were measured both in free space and with twelve different users, using both one and two hands. The random capacities of the channels are evaluated in terms of outage capacity. For an SNR of 10 dB, median capacities in free space of about 4.4-4.7 bit/s/Hz for the low band and about 3.3-3.8 bit/s/Hz for the high band were found. The mean decrease in outage capacity due to the user was found to be up to about 2.2 bit/s/Hz, depending on the band and handset. More results are presented in the paper.
Asymmetrical Multimode Rectangular Building Block Filters Using Genetic Optimization (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Multimode Rectangular Waveguide Filters Optimization-Based Design Realizations Conclusions References
Synthesis and Reactivity of (C6F5)3BN‐heterocycle Complexes, 2 (2004)

Abstract Summary: The reaction of pyrroles and indoles with perfluoroarylboranes produces 1:1 B‐N complexes that contain highly acidic sp 3 methylenes. These complexes are stable and can be used as a proton source for the generation of methylmetallocene cations. Indole is preferred over pyrrole. The 1:1:1 borane:indole:dimethylmetallocene compositions are, in some instances, more active than the 500:1 MAO:metallocene catalysts. In addition, the Ind 2 ZrMe 2 /IndoleB(C 6 F 5 ) 3 and related catalyst systems require a lower amount of AlR 3 scavenger and are more stable compared to the Ind 2 ZrMe 2 /B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 catalyst. Also, Ind 2 ZrCl 2 /Al( i ‐Bu) 3 /indoleB(C 6 F 5 ) 3 is an active catalyst system. In ethylene/propylene solution copolymerization catalyzed by Ind 2 ZrMe 2 , the most active cocatalysts are indoleB(C 6 F 5 ) 3 and 5‐benzyloxy‐indoleB(C 6 F 5 ) 3 . Formation of the catalyst system [Ind 2 ZrMe] + [B(indolyl)(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ] − . image Formation of the catalyst system [Ind 2 ZrMe] + [B(indolyl)(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ] − .