gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time domain DNP with the NOVEL sequence (2015)

We present results of a pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) study at 0.35 T (9.7 GHz/14.7 MHz for electron/1H Larmor frequency) using a lab frame-rotating frame cross polarization experiment that employs electron spin locking fields that match the 1H nuclear Larmor frequency, the so called NOVEL (nuclear orientation via electron spin locking) condition. We apply the method to a series of DNP samples including a single crystal of diphenyl nitroxide (DPNO) doped benzophenone (BzP), 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl (BDPA) doped polystyrene (PS), and sulfonated-BDPA (SA-BDPA) doped glycerol/water glassy matrices. The optimal Hartman-Hahn matching condition is achieved when the nutation frequency of the electron matches the Larmor frequency of the proton, ω[subscript 1S] = ω[subscript 0I], together with possible higher order matching conditions at lower efficiencies. The magnetization transfer from electron to protons occurs on the time scale of ∼100 ns, consistent with the electron-proton couplings on the order of 1-10 MHz in these samples. In a fully protonated single crystal DPNO/BzP, at 270 K, we obtained a maximum signal enhancement of ε = 165 and the corresponding gain in sensitivity of ε(T[subscript 1]/T[subscript B])[superscript 1/2] = 230 due to the reduction in the buildup time under DNP. In a sample of partially deuterated PS doped with BDPA, we obtained an enhancement of 323 which is a factor of ∼3.2 higher compared to the protonated version of the same sample and accounts for 49% of the theoretical limit. For the SA-BDPA doped glycerol/water glassy matrix at 80 K, the sample condition used in most applications of DNP in nuclear magnetic resonance, we also observed a significant enhancement. Our findings demonstrate that pulsed DNP via the NOVEL sequence is highly efficient and can potentially surpass continuous wave DNP mechanisms such as the solid effect and cross effect which scale unfavorably with increasing magnetic field. Furthermore, pulsed DNP is also a promising avenue for DNP at high temperature.
Properties of ZnO(0001) layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on GaN(0001) templates (2008)

Abstract We studied the properties of ZnO(0001) layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on GaN(0001) templates. A two‐step growth procedure was used where a buffer layer was first deposited at 400 °C before the temperature was increased to 900 °C for the deposition of the epitaxial layer. Atomic force microscopy revealed locally straight steps on a 20 × 20 mm 2 scan area. This indicates a step‐flow growth mode. The root‐mean‐square roughness was 2.6 nm. The surface exhibited hexagonal pits. The pit density was 7.5 × 10 5 –2.1 × 10 8 cm –2 . The full width at half maximums of w‐scans for the symmetric (0002) and the skew‐symmetric (20 $ \bar 2 $ 1) reflections were 0.091° and 0.159°, respectively. The ZnO films were fully relaxed as revealed by reciprocal space maps for the (10 $ \bar 1 $ 5) reflection. Gallium doped n‐type ZnO layers were deposited on (In,Ga)N light emitting diodes as transparent contacts. The electron concentration was 9.4 × 10 19 cm –3 and the sheet resistance 45 W/sq. The resistivity and the mobility was 1.5 × 10 –3 Wcm and 43 cm 2 /(Vs), respectively. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Motion correction and lipid suppression for1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2000)

Spectral/spatial spin-echo pulses with asymmetric excitation profiles were incorporated into a PRESS-based localization sequence to provide lipid suppression while retaining a sufficient amount of water to allow for correction of motion-induced shot-to-shot phase variations. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired at 1.5 Tesla from a motion phantom and in vivo from the human liver, kidney, and breast. The results demonstrated that lipids in the chemical shift stopband were completely suppressed and that full metabolite signal intensity was maintained after implementation of a regularization algorithm based on phasing the residual water signal. Liver and kidney spectra contained a large resonance at 3.2 ppm that was ascribed to trimethylammonium moieties (betaine plus choline) and a weaker signal at 3.7 ppm that may result from glycogen. A breast spectrum from a histologically proven invasive ductal carcinoma displayed a highly elevated choline signal (3.2 ppm) relative to that from a normal volunteer.
Rethinking and Reweighting the Univariate Losses for Multi-Label Ranking: Consistency and Generalization (2021)

(Partial) ranking loss is a commonly used evaluation measure for multi-label classification, which is usually optimized with convex surrogates for computational efficiency. Prior theoretical work on multi-label ranking mainly focuses on (Fisher) consistency analyses. However, there is a gap between existing theory and practice -- some pairwise losses can lead to promising performance but lack consistency, while some univariate losses are consistent but usually have no clear superiority in practice. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap through a systematic study from two complementary perspectives of consistency and generalization error bounds of learning algorithms. Our results show that learning algorithms with the consistent univariate loss have an error bound of $O(c)$ ($c$ is the number of labels), while algorithms with the inconsistent pairwise loss depend on $O(\sqrt{c})$ as shown in prior work. This explains that the latter can achieve better performance than the former in practice. Moreover, we present an inconsistent reweighted univariate loss-based learning algorithm that enjoys an error bound of $O(\sqrt{c})$ for promising performance as well as the computational efficiency of univariate losses. Finally, experimental results validate our theoretical analyses.
On Throughput-Fairness Tradeoff in Virtual MIMO Systems with Limited Feedback (2009)

We investigate the performance of channel-aware scheduling algorithms designed for the downlink of a wireless communication system. Our study focuses on a two-transmit antenna cellular system, where the base station can only rely on quantized versions of channel state information to carry out scheduling decisions. The motivation is to study the interaction between throughput and fairness of practical spatial multiplexing schemes when implemented using existing physical layer signaling, such as the one that exists in current wideband code division multiple access downlink. Virtual MIMO system selects at each time instant a pair of users that report orthogonal (quantized) channels. Closed-form expressions for the achievable sum-rate of three different channel-aware scheduling rules are presented using an analytical framework that is derived in this work. Our analysis reveals that simple scheduling procedures allow to reap a large fraction (in the order of 80%) of the sum-rate performance that greedy scheduling provides. This overall throughput performance is obtained without affecting considerably the optimal short-term fairness behavior that the end users would perceive.
DEVELOPING SPECIES SPECIFIC VEGETATION MAPS USING MULTI-SPECTRAL HYPERSPATIAL IMAGERY FROM UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (2012)

Abstract. In remote, rugged or sensitive environments ground based mapping for condition assessment of species is both time consuming and potentially destructive. The application of photogrammetric methods to generate multispectral imagery and surface models based on UAV imagery at appropriate temporal and spatial resolutions is described. This paper describes a novel method to combine processing of NIR and visible image sets to produce multiband orthoimages and DEM models from UAV imagery with traditional image location and orientation uncertainties. This work extends the capabilities of recently developed commercial software (Pix4UAV from Pix4D) to show that image sets of different modalities (visible and NIR) can be automatically combined to generate a 4 band orthoimage. Reconstruction initially uses all imagery sets (NIR and visible) to ensure all images are in the same reference frame such that a 4-band orthoimage can be created. We analyse the accuracy of this automatic process by using ground control points and an evaluation on the matching performance between images of different modalities is shown. By combining sub-decimetre multispectral imagery with high spatial resolution surface models and ground based observation it is possible to generate detailed maps of vegetation assemblages at the species level. Potential uses with other conservation monitoring are discussed.
When consumer loves heritage. The role of cultural heritage in social media engagement (2022)

This study aims to investigate the cultural heritage as a strengthening factor in the social media engagement. The research is based on a content analysis conducted on 3200 posts published on Facebook by a sample of 64 medium-size and large companies registered in the "Register of Long-lived Firms" of Italian Chamber of Commerce. The Register involves firms with uninterrupted activity in the same business industry for at least 100 years. The calculation of the indices of likeability and shareability and a multiple regression model has made it possible to measure the effectiveness of posts in increasing social media engagement and verifying which dimensions are most used by the sample companies
Relation between Skin Cancer and HLA Antigens in Renal-Transplant Recipients (1991)

HLA-B mismatching is significantly associated with the risk of squamous-cell carcinoma in renal-transplant recipients, as is HLA-DR homozygosity. An indirect effect on the level of immunosuppression does not appear to explain these findings, nor does exposure to sunlight or the number of keratotic skin lesions account for this observation.
Why is web search so hard... to evaluate (2004)

Web search has several important characteristics that distinguish it from traditional information retrieval: the often adversarial relationship between content creators and search engine designers, the nature of the corpus, and the multiplicity of user goals. In addition to making the search task itself difficult, these characteristics make it particularly hard to evaluate search effectiveness. In this paper, we examine these characteristics and then consider the problems with several different standard evaluation techniques.
Die p53 Familie interagiert mit dem Mcl-1 Apoptosesignalweg beim hepatozellulären Karzinom (2010)

Einleitung: Die Expression des anti-apoptotischen Bcl-2 Familienmitglieds Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) führt zu Apoptose- sowie (Chemo-) Therapieresistenz beim hepatozellulären Karzinom (HCC). Wir konnten darüber hinaus zeigen, dass die p53 Familie eine essentielle Rolle für Tumorentstehen, Therapieansprechen und Prognose des HCC spielt. Hierbei induzieren deren transkriptionell aktive Isoformen (p53, TAp63, TAp73) Apoptose, während die dominant negativen Isoformen (DeltaNp63, DeltaNp73) diese, TA-vermittelte, Apoptose verhindern und somit onkogen wirken. Wir haben eine mögliche Interaktion der p53 Familie mit dem Mcl-1 Apoptosesignalweg beim HCC untersucht.
Fast Fluid Simulation Using Residual Distribution Schemes (2007)

We present a fast method for physically-based animation of fluids on adaptive, unstructured meshes. Our algo- rithm is capable of correctly handling large-scale fluid forces, as well as their interaction with elastic objects. Our adaptive mesh representation can resolve boundary conditions accurately while maintaining a high level of efficiency.
Experimental Violation of a Cluster State Bell Inequality (2005)

Cluster states are a new type of multiqubit entangled states with entanglement properties exceptionally well suited for quantum computation. In the present work, we experimentally demonstrate that correlations in a four-qubit linear cluster state cannot be described by local realism. This exploration is based on a recently derived Bell-type inequality [V. Scarani et al., Phys. Rev. A 71, 042325 (2005)] which is tailored, by using a combination of three- and four-particle correlations, to be maximally violated by cluster states but not violated at all by GHZ states. We observe a cluster-state Bell parameter of 2.59+/-0.08, which is more than 7sigma larger than the threshold of 2 imposed by local realism.
In vitro culturing and characteristics of transit amplifying epithelial cells from human prostate tissue (2003)

The prostatic epithelium is functionally organized in stem cell units. This unit consists of a slow turn over stem cell within the basal epithelial layer which can replenish itself and provide progeny which differentiate down either a neuroendocrine or exocrine pathway. The maturation along the exocrine pathway initially involves transit amplifying cells within the basal layer proliferating and subsequently the progeny maturing into intermediate cells. These intermediate cells migrate into the luminal layer where they terminally differentiate into non-proliferative secretory luminal cells which express prostate specific differentiation markers, like PSA. A growing body of experimental evidence has identified the proliferating transit amplifying/intermediate cells as the cells of origin for the common prostatic adenocarcinomas. Using a series of growth characteristics, and mRNA and protein markers, we have validated that primary cultures can be established in serum free defined media from surgically resected human prostates which are composed of essentially pure population of transit amplifying cells. At each serial passage, the subsequent cultures undergo enhanced maturation into intermediate cells and by the 7-10th passage these cells eventually lose their proliferative ability. This study validates that these cells are a useful and relevant system for the determination of molecular events involved in prostatic carcinogenesis.
Search Retargeting using Directed Query Embeddings (2015)

Determining user audience for online ad campaigns is a critical problem to companies competing in online advertising space. One of the most popular strategies is search retargeting, which involves targeting users that issued search queries related to advertiser's core business, commonly specified by advertisers themselves. However, advertisers often fail to include many relevant queries, which results in suboptimal campaigns and negatively impacts revenue for both advertisers and publishers. To address this issue, we use recently proposed neural language models to learn low-dimensional, distributed query embeddings, which can be used to expand query lists with related queries through simple nearest neighbor searches in the embedding space. Experiments on real-world data set strongly suggest benefits of the approach.
Blood-Brain Barrier Alterations Provide Evidence of Subacute Diaschisis in an Ischemic Stroke Rat Model (2013)

These results demonstrate focal ischemic stroke-induced pathological disturbances in ipsilateral, as well as in contralateral brain areas, which were shown to be closely associated with BBB breakdown in remote brain microvessels and endothelial autophagosome accumulation. This microvascular damage in subacute phase likely revealed ischemic diaschisis and should be considered in development of treatment strategies for stroke.
A review of wheat leaf rust research and the development of resistant cultivars in Canada (2016)

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is of worldwide concern for wheat producers. The disease has been an annual problem for Canadian wheat producers since the early days of wheat cultivation in the 1800s, and research focused on combating this disease began in the early 1900s. Significant progress was made towards understanding the epidemiology of wheat leaf rust and developing genetic resistance in many countries worldwide. This review paper focuses exclusively on the research and development done in whole, or in part, in Canada. An integrated approach to controlling wheat leaf rust consisted of research in the following areas: the early research on wheat leaf rust in Canada, breeding and commercialization of high quality rust resistant wheat cultivars, discovery and genetic analysis of leaf rust resistance genes, the population biology and genetics of the P. triticina/wheat interaction. This review summarizes the research in each of these areas and the connections between the different aspects of the research. A multi-disciplinary team approach has been key to the advancements made within these diverse research fields in Canada since the early 1900s.
Droplet Dynamics: Dynamically Actuated Liquid‐Infused Poroelastic Film with Precise Control over Droplet Dynamics (Adv. Funct. Mater. 39/2018) (2018)

A bio-inspired dynamic surface that integrates an artificial muscle and a responsive wet skin is introduced by Yuhang Hu and co-workers in article number 1802632. The surface can precisely control droplet dynamics. Accessible dynamic states range from free sliding, completely pinning, and repetitive stick-slip switch, to extremely fast sliding, droplet oscillation, jetting, and mixing.
The influence of muscle pennation angle and cross-sectional area on contact forces in the ankle joint (2016)

Data about a muscle's fibre pennation angle and physiological cross-sectional area are used in musculoskeletal modelling to estimate muscle forces, which are used to calculate joint contact forces. For the leg, muscle architecture data are derived from studies that measured pennation angle at the muscle surface, but not deep within it. Musculoskeletal models developed to estimate joint contact loads have usually been based on the mean values of pennation angle and physiological cross-sectional area. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to investigate differences between superficial and deep pennation angles within each muscle acting over the ankle and predict how differences may influence muscle forces calculated in musculoskeletal modelling. The second aim was to investigate how inter-subject variability in physiological cross-sectional area and pennation angle affects calculated ankle contact forces. Eight cadaveric legs were dissected to excise the muscles acting over the ankle. The mean surface and deep pennation angles, fibre length and physiological cross-sectional area were measured. Cluster analysis was applied to group the muscles according to their architectural characteristics. A previously validated OpenSim model was used to estimate ankle muscle forces and contact loads using architecture data from all eight limbs. The mean surface pennation angle for soleus was significantly greater (54%) than the mean deep pennation angle. Cluster analysis revealed three groups of muscles with similar architecture and function: deep plantarflexors and peroneals, superficial plantarflexors and dorsiflexors. Peak ankle contact force was predicted to occur before toe-off, with magnitude greater than five times bodyweight. Inter-specimen variability in contact force was smallest at peak force. These findings will help improve the development of experimental and computational musculoskeletal models by providing data to estimate force based on both surface and deep pennation angles. Inter-subject variability in muscle architecture affected ankle muscle and contact loads only slightly. The link between muscle architecture and function contributes to the understanding of the relationship between muscle structure and function.
Fluidity of the Rat Liver Microsomal Membrane: Increase at Birth (1979)

The lipid apparent microviscosity of the rat liver microsomal membrane on the first day after birth was found to be half of that observed on the last day of fetal life. This remarkable perinatal fluidization of the membrane resulted from a marked increase in the molar ratio of phospholipids to cholesterol.
Nitric oxide coordinates metabolism, growth, and development via the nuclear receptor E75 (2011)

Nitric oxide gas acts as a short-range signaling molecule in a vast array of important physiological processes, many of which include major changes in gene expression. How these genomic responses are induced, however, is poorly understood. Here, using genetic and chemical manipulations, we show that nitric oxide is produced in the Drosophila prothoracic gland, where it acts via the nuclear receptor ecdysone-induced protein 75 (E75), reversing its ability to interfere with its heterodimer partner, Drosophila hormone receptor 3 (DHR3). Manipulation of these interactions leads to gross alterations in feeding behavior, fat deposition, and developmental timing. These neuroendocrine interactions and consequences appear to be conserved in vertebrates.
Effect of terahertz-wave phase noise and millimeter-wave multipath fading on Beyond 5G wireless system (2022)

Towards the Beyond 5G ultra-high-speed wireless system, the “virtualized terminal” system is studied. By connecting a user terminal to multiple peripheral devices over terahertz radio wave (300GHz) which are utilized as virtual antennae communicating with access points using millimeter radio wave, the spatial multiplexing capability is enhanced. In this system, the waveform is required to be robust against both phase noise from a terahertz-wave oscillator and multipath fading over the millimeter-wave since the baseband waveform is common to those frequencies. This work evaluates the effect of those factors and reveals that the effect of phase noise and multipath fading is dominant for OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM, respectively.
Advances in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Molecular Genetics of Pituitary Adenomas in Childhood (2008)

The pituitary gland has an essential role in the maintenance of homeostasis, normal growth and reproductive function. Although pituitary tumours are rare in childhood and adolescence and are typically histologically benign, significant morbidity may result due to their location, mass effect and/or interference with normal pituitary hormone functions. 1 The early identification of pituitary tumours in children is necessary to avoid serious adverse effects on both physiological and cognitive outcomes as a result of pituitary hormone dysregulation during the critical periods of growth in childhood and adolescence. In this report, we review recent findings on the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment and molecular genetics of pituitary adenomas presenting in childhood.
Enzyme-catalyzed organic synthesis: electrochemical regeneration of NAD(P)H from NAD(P) using methyl viologen and flavoenzymes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-catalyzed organic synthesis: electrochemical regeneration of NAD(P)H from NAD(P) using methyl viologen and flavoenzymesRobert DiCosimo, Chi-Huey Wong, Lacy Daniels, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 22, 4622–4623Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00335a078RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views663Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (299 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts