gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AHAR: Adaptive CNN for Energy-Efficient Human Activity Recognition in Low-Power Edge Devices (2022)

Human activity recognition (HAR) is one of the key applications of health monitoring that requires continuous use of wearable devices to track daily activities. This article proposes an adaptive convolutional neural network for energy-efficient HAR (AHAR) suitable for low-power edge devices. Unlike traditional adaptive (early-exit) architecture that makes the early-exit decision based on classification confidence, AHAR proposes a novel adaptive architecture that uses an output block predictor to select a portion of the baseline architecture to use during the inference phase. The experimental results show that traditional adaptive architecture suffer from performance loss whereas our adaptive architecture provides similar or better performance as the baseline one while being energy efficient. We validate our methodology in classifying locomotion activities from two data sets—1) Opportunity and 2) w-HAR. Compared to the fog/cloud computing approaches for the Opportunity data set, our baseline and adaptive architectures show a comparable weighted F1 score of 91.79%, and 91.57%, respectively. For the w-HAR data set, our baseline and adaptive architectures outperform the state-of-the-art works with a weighted F1 score of 97.55%, and 97.64%, respectively. Evaluation on real hardware shows that our baseline architecture is significantly energy efficient ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$422.38\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> less) and memory-efficient ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$14.29\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> less) compared to the works on the Opportunity data set. For the w-HAR data set, our baseline architecture requires <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.04\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> less energy and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.18\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> less memory compared to the state-of-the-art work. Moreover, experimental results show that our adaptive architecture is 12.32% (Opportunity) and 11.14% (w-HAR) energy efficient than our baseline while providing similar (Opportunity) or better (w-HAR) performance with no significant memory overhead.
Small Eddy Current Testing Sensor Probe Using a Tunneling Magnetoresistance Sensor to Detect Cracks in Steel Structures (2018)

An eddy current test (ECT) is a common nondestructive test to detect flaws in metal structures. Many ECTs use both a detection coil and an induction coil. The application of this method to ferromagnetic materials can be challenging because the applied magnetic field is composed of not only the eddy current but also the magnetization signal. Therefore, we developed two types of miniaturized ECT probes, namely, single- and dual-channel tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) probes, by using a TMR sensor instead of a detection coil. To evaluate the performance of crack detection in steel with regard to the length, width, and depth of cracks, the sensor probe was line-scanned above the crack position. The output signal was detected using a lock-in amplifier and analyzed using the real and imaginary components of a magnetic vector. The detected signal was then divided into the magnetization and eddy current components. The dual TMR sensor probe installed inside the induction coil could yield a stable crack signal without the influence of magnetization fluctuation. The line-scanned differential signal intensity and phase show a signal change with a high signal-to-noise ratio at the crack position. These signals depend on the width and length of the crack. A 2-D scanning could provide a magnetic map corresponding to the crack shape.
ASSESSMENT OF THE DIFFERENCES IN PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS BETWEEN FOUR DISTINCT FORMULATIONS OF TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE (2012)

Triamcinolone acetonide formulations do not have the same pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. Kenalog has the longest vitreous visibility and durability. Particle size appears to correlate with efficacy and durability.
Preparations of liposomal fluconazole and their in vitro antifungal activity (1993)

Fluconazole was successfully incorporated into multilamellar (MLV) and large unilamellar liposomes (LUV). Both MLV and LUV were stable up to 72 h in saline but were less stable in the high-resolution medium. The MLV-entrapped fluconazole was found to be four-fold more active than LUV-entrapped fluconazole against Candida pseudotropicalis and over six-fold more active against C. albicans. The MLV-fluconazole was one-fold less active than free fluconazole in terms of its endpoints (MIC value). However, when compared with free fluconazole, MLV-fluconazole was one-fold more active against two strains of C. albicans and equally active against C. kefyr and C. parapsilosis. In an incubation time-dependent assay against C. tropicalis, MLV-Fluconazole was one-fold more active after 16 h incubation and two-fold less active than fluconazole after 24 or 36 h post-incubation. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of liposomal formulation of the water-soluble azole, fluconazole, in the limited in vitro assay method used.
State‐Space Models (2004)

This chapter introduces state-space models for describing system dynamics. State-space models provide a scalable approach to modeling MIMO systems – those with multiple inputs and outputs. We define for state-space models many of the familiar concepts from transfer function modeling, such as poles and transfer functions. Further, it is shown how many of the techniques and results covered in earlier chapters can apply to state-space models as well, such as stability and dominant pole analysis. The concepts of controllability and observability, which are unique to state-space models are presented.
Impact of intra-superchannel spectral constraints on the throughput of the elastic WDM networks (2012)

Within the frame of elastic WDM network carrying superchannels, we investigate how subcarrier power equalization along the transmission related to the WSS spectral granularity and mitigation of subcarriers crosstalk impact the whole network capacity.
Swelling behavior and solubility parameter of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (2006)

Abstract The solubility parameter of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) was investigated. SPEEK exhibited two solubility parameters, 26.4 and 35.7 J 1/2 cm −3/2 , and was similar in that respect to Nafion, which has two cohesive energy densities. The theoretical solubility parameter of SPEEK, 26.1 J 1/2 cm −3/2 , was determined with van Krevelen's method and corresponded to the experimental value. The theoretical volume fraction of SPEEK in the solvent was determined with Flory's equation. The trend of the theoretical volume fraction of SPEEK fit quite well with the experimental results when the solubility parameter of the solvent was lower than 35 J 1/2 cm −3/2 . A significant deviation of the experimental volume fraction of SPEEK with the high solubility parameter resulted from the presence of sulfonic acid groups. SPEEK in the sodium form exhibited similar solvent absorption in comparison with SPEEK in the acid form. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3128–3134, 2006
New optimal design strategies and analysis of ultra-low leakage circuits for nano-scale SOI technology (2003)

This paper proposes new SOI circuit strategies for simultaneous reduction of standby gate and sub-threshold leakages. Various enhanced MTCMOS design alternatives are analyzed. A new method for assigning the VTH and sizes of header and footer transistors is proposed, and stacking of headers/footers is analyzed. The optimum stacking height and tapering/sizing ratio under various design constraints are determined. Our strategies reduce MTCMOS standby leakage further by as much as 20X and reduce virtual supply noise by 15%.
Undergraduate Research Experiences That Promote Recruitment Into The Field Of Environmental Engineering (2020)

There is a tremendous and rapidly growing demand for mid-and entry-level Environmental Engineers at consulting/engineering firms and utilities in many regions of the United States, and what seems to be a considerable increase in starting salaries offered by engineering consulting firms in the last two to three years is apparent. Furthermore, a Masters degree has become almost a necessity for entry-level engineers practicing in the areas of water and wastewater treatment and industrial waste management, particularly as more complex systems are evaluated and designed. The Environmental Engineering field seems to be moving to a point where a Masters degree is required to be proficient in the workforce, and the Ph.D. is the defining degree for technical work. At the undergraduate level, the objective should be to integrate realistic, useful, and externally-funded research experiences into undergraduate engineering education in a well-equipped laboratory, while at the same time providing a valuable service to regional industries, utilities, and consulting firms. These experiences bolster interest among students in the technical and scientific aspects of Environmental Engineering, thereby enticing and better preparing students to pursue these topics in
Carbon Nanotube Immobilized Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes for Extraction of Volatile Organics from Air (2015)

This paper reports the development of novel carbon nanotube immobilized composite membranes (CNIMs) for the extraction of volatile organics from air. The nanotubes were immobilized onto the selective layer of a composite membrane where they served as sorption sites and provided additional pathways for enhanced solute transport. Depending upon the process conditions, the presence of carbon nanotubes led to the organic removal with flux as high as 37.7 × 10–5, 72.9 × 10–5, and 8.22 × 10–5 gm mol/m2 min and an increase in mass-transfer coefficient of about 92.2%, 22.7%, and 44.3% for toluene, dichloromethane, and ethanol, respectively. The CNIMs demonstrated several advantages, including enhanced recovery at low concentrations and low temperature.
Evaluation of Two Low‐Cost–High‐Performance Adsorbent Materials in the Waste‐to‐Product Approach for the Removal of Pesticides from Drinking Water (2011)

Abstract This study evaluates the performance of two low cost and high performance adsorption materials, i.e., activated carbon produced from two natural waste products: Bamboo and coconut shell, in the removal of three pesticides from drinking water sources. Due to the fact that bamboo and coconut shell are abundant and inexpensive materials in many parts of the world, they respond to the “low‐cost” aspect. The adsorption capacities of two local adsorbents have been compared with commercial activated carbon to explore their potential to respond to the “high quality” aspect. Two pesticides were selected, namely dieldrin and chlorpyrifos, because they are commonly used in agriculture activities, and may remain in high concentrations in surface water used as drinking water sources. The results indicate that the adsorption of pesticides on activated carbons is influenced by physico‐chemical properties of the activated carbon and the pesticides such as the presence of an aromatic ring, and their molar mass. The activated carbon produced from bamboo can be employed as low‐cost and high performance adsorbent, alternative to commercial activated carbon for the removal of pesticides during drinking water production. The performance of activated carbon from bamboo was better due to its relatively large macroporosity and planar surface. The effect of adsorbent and pesticide characteristics on the performance was derived from batch experiments in which the adsorption behavior was studied on the basis of Freundlich isotherms.
A Study on the Integrated Medical Teaching Courses Administration at Seoul National University College of Medicine for the Past Thirty Years (1970)

It was about thirty
Diversity-promoting Bayesian learning of latent variable models (2016)

In learning latent variable models (LVMs), it is important to effectively capture infrequent patterns and shrink model size without sacrificing modeling power. Various studies have been done to diversify a LVM, which aim to learn a diverse set of latent components in LVMs. Most existing studies fall into a frequentist-style regularization framework, where the components are learned via point estimation. In this paper, we investigate how to diversify LVMs in the paradigm of Bayesian learning, which has advantages complementary to point estimation, such as alleviating overfitting via model averaging and quantifying uncertainty. We propose two approaches that have complementary advantages. One is to define diversity-promoting mutual angular priors which assign larger density to components with larger mutual angles based on Bayesian network and von Mises-Fisher distribution and use these priors to affect the posterior via Bayes rule. We develop two efficient approximate posterior inference algorithms based on variational inference and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The other approach is to impose diversity-promoting regularization directly over the post-data distribution of components. These two methods are applied to the Bayesian mixture of model to encourage the experts to be diverse and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our methods.
Interpolation of sparse, wideazimuth onshore and ocean-bottom seismic data using a global, 5- dimensional interpolator (2008)

Many 3-D land surveys do not fulfill the requirements of seismic processing techniques, such as migration, which have strict requirements on data sampling in the input seismic data. Although not a substitute for well-sampled field data, interpolation can provide useful data pre-conditioning that allows migration and other processes to work better. Seismic data interpolation has been around for a long time, but only recently have we been able to use complex multi-dimensional algorithms that have the capability to infill large gaps in wide-azimuth 3-D land or ocean-bottom surveys. Earlier algorithms attempted to interpolate data using just three dimensions, whereas in fact data is recorded in five dimensions (shot-x, shot-y, receiver-x, receiver-y and time). If we use all 5 dimensions in an iterative, minimum-norm weighted inversion, we can use all the available information for interpolation and hence obtain optimum results. Furthermore, there is less overlap of aliased and non-aliased data in 5-D than 3-D, and this relaxes the traditional constraints on interpolation. The algorithm has been applied to a number of problems such as: (1) reducing bin size to remove aliasing prior to migration; (2) increasing fold and azimuth distribution within common mid-point bins to allow improved estimation of fracture patterns; and (3) regularization of bins to reduce migration induced noise. These techniques have been used in a variety of structural environments.
Abstract B001: Generation of ImmTACTM molecules: Engineering high-affinity soluble T-cell receptors for the treatment of cancer (2019)

Abstract Immunotherapeutic strategies are centered on harnessing the human immune system to recognise and destroy cancer cells. At Immunocore, we have developed bi-specific Immune-mobilising monoclonal TCRs Against Cancer (ImmTAC) molecules comprising a soluble TCR fused to an anti-CD3 effector function that redirect T-cells to destroy cancer cells. The TCR-targeting domain overcomes a key limitation of traditional antibody-based therapies by targeting short peptide fragments derived from intracellularly processed proteins presented on the cell surface by human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), offering up to nine-fold more potential targets than are accessible to antibodies. To mediate efficient T-cell-mediated tumor clearance, ImmTAC molecules are engineered to overcome the weak affinities of natural TCRs imposed by thymic selection through a complex multistep engineering process described herein.T-cell clones recognising in-house validated cancer-specific peptides are isolated and affinity-enhanced up to a million fold by introducing mutations to the complementarity determining regions, resulting in picomolar affinity TCRs capable of recognizing exceptionally low numbers of target on the cancer cell surface. The TCR is fused to an anti-CD3 scFv to generate an ImmTAC molecule and is made soluble through the inclusion of a non-native disulphide bond. The efficacy and specificity of the ImmTAC molecule is scrutinized using a range of cellular and molecular assays. The potential application of the ImmTAC platform is exemplified by the expanding portfolio of ImmTAC molecules targeting diverse disease indications. Our lead candidate, IMCgp100, recognizes the melanoma-associated gp100 peptide and is in pivotal trials for the treatment of patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Citation Format: Izabela Bombik, Alessio Bortoluzzi, Nicole Mai, Andrew Preston, Annelise Vuidepot, Bent K. Jakobsen, Nathaniel Liddy. Generation of ImmTACTM molecules: Engineering high-affinity soluble T-cell receptors for the treatment of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B001.
Optophysiology and calorimetry based on quantitative phase imaging (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Nanometer-scale movements of the cell membrane associated with changes in cell potential can reveal the underlying electrical activity. Using wide-field quantitative phase imaging, we observed deformations of up to 3 nm (0.9 mrad) during the action potential in spiking HEK cells, and about 0.3 nm in neurons. The time course of the optically-recorded action potential is similar to intracellular recordings based on patch clamp, while time derivative of the rising edge of the optical spike matches the timing and duration of the extracellular electrical recording. Sufficiently fast QPI may enable non-invasive and label-free monitoring of cellular physiology. Imaging of the optical phase changes induced by transient heating provides a sensitive measure of material properties associated with refractive index dependence on temperature and thermal expansion. Using fast (50 kHz) QPI, we demonstrate the shot-noise limited sensitivity of about 3.4 mJ/cm2 in a single pulse. Phase-resolved OCT can detect energy deposition of 4.7 mJ/cm2 between two scattering interfaces producing signals with about 45 dB SNR. Integration of the phase changes along the beam path helps increase temperature sensitivity during perturbation. For example, temperature rise of about 0.8 C can be detected in a single cell layer, while hundred times lower heating produces the same phase change in 100-fold thicker tissue layer. Time course of thermal relaxation in QPI can reveal the size and shape of the hidden objects. Methods based on fast phase imaging may enable multiple applications, ranging from temperature control in retinal laser therapy to subsurface characterization of semiconductor devices.
Designer Titania-Supported Au–Pd Nanoparticles for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production (2014)

Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution may provide one of the solutions to the shift to a sustainable energy society, but the quantum efficiency of the process still needs to be improved. Precise control of the composition and structure of the metal nanoparticle cocatalysts is essential, and we show that fine-tuning the Au-Pd nanoparticle structure modifies the electronic properties of the cocatalyst significantly. Specifically, Pd(shell)-Au(core) nanoparticles immobilized on TiO2 exhibit extremely high quantum efficiencies for H2 production using a wide range of alcohols, implying that chemical byproducts from the biorefinery industry can be used as feedstocks. In addition, the excellent recyclability of our photocatalyst material indicates a high potential in industrial applications. We demonstrate that this particular elemental segregation provides optimal positioning of the unoccupied d-orbital states, which results in an enhanced utilization of the photoexcited electrons in redox reactions. We consider that the enhanced activity observed on TiO2 is generic in nature and can be transferred to other narrow band gap semiconductor supports for visible light photocatalysis.
Microstructural Characterization of Electroplated Copper Films on Copper-Alloy Seed Layer (2007)

Cuデュアルダマシン配線の信頼性向上策として，合金シードを用いた配線形成プロセスが提案されている．本研究では，二次イオン質量分析法，電子線後方散乱回析，低速陽電子消滅法など複合物理分析を駆使することによって，特にAl添加した合金シードを用いためっきCu膜のキャラクタリゼーションを行った．その結果から，めっきCu膜の粒界に偏析したAlの存在により，信頼性試験中のCu原子や空孔の粒界拡散が抑制されることによって，配線の信頼性が向上することが分かった．
Role reversal: Liquid “Cheerios” on a solid sense each other (2016)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Supplementary Figure S6 from Small-Molecule Prodigiosin Restores p53 Tumor Suppressor Activity in Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells via c-Jun-Mediated ΔNp73 Inhibition and p73 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Prodigiosin-mediated p53 pathway restoration and cell death involves c-Jun activation.&lt;/p&gt;
R. te Biesebeke . N. van Biezen . W. M. de Vos . C. A. M. J. J. van den Hondel . P. J. Punt Different control mechanisms regulate glucoamylase and protease gene transcription in Aspergillus oryzae in solid-state and submerged fermentation (2005)

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus oryzae results in high levels of secreted protein. However, control mechanisms of gene expression in SSF have been only poorly studied. In this study we show that both glucoamylase (glaB) and protease (alpA, nptB) genes are highly expressed during surface cultivation on wheat- based solid medium, and even higher during cultivation on wheat kernels. In wheat-based liquid medium, low levels of gene expression are observed. Typical SSF cultivation conditions, such as low water activity and the formation of aerial hyphae, did not contribute to the high-level gene expression on wheat-based solid medium. Analysis of wheat-based solid and liquid cultivations showed differ- ences in carbon and nitrogen utilisation and external pH. The results presented show that the difference in regula- tion of transcription of the alpA and nptB genes in wheat- based liquid and solid medium could be pH dependent, involving a pH-dependent transcription regulator. The results obtained suggest that the difference in regulation of transcription of the glaB gene in wheat-based liquid and solid medium is caused by a difference in carbohydrate degradation and consumption under the different culture conditions.
Static and dynamic shear response in ultrathin layers of vortex matter (2000)

We report on experiments in which ultrathin layers of vortex matter are sheared along nanofabricated flow channels in a ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{N}/\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}}_{3}\mathrm{Ge}$ double layer. The structure of the vortex matter inside the channels can be tuned continuously, via the applied magnetic field, from ordered, close-packed crystalline to highly disordered, amorphous configurations. We explore the evolution of the static and dynamic response as vortex matter inside the channels is built up row by row and analyze our results in terms of an effective static and dynamic friction. From the current and field dependence of this vortex friction, together with characteristic signatures in the measured velocity fluctuations, we find that ultrathin layers containing up to six commensurate vortex rows behave similar to brittle solids, while wider layers exhibit characteristics more akin to plastic flow.