gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Maximization of a Heavy Duty Diesel Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery System Utilizing Mechanically Coupled and Fully Electrified Turbine Expanders (2016)

This paper presents steady state power optimization for an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) waste heat recovery (WHR) system in heavy-duty diesel (HDD) applications and examines attainable power levels. Both recirculated and tail pipe exhaust gas streams are utilized as heat sources via a parallel evaporator configuration. A dynamic, physics-based ORC model is utilized to determine optimized net power production. The optimization variables include: working fluid pump speed, mass flow distribution ratio for the parallel evaporators, turbine speed, and the pump speed of condenser cooling fluid. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for all optimization variables. Working fluid pump speed and expansion turbine speed are demonstrated as the most sensitive variables. Sensitivity results indicate increasing system power production as the working fluid mass flow rate increases. A map is developed to identify optimal and safe ORC operating regions for a given engine cycle. Based on the sensitivity analysis working fluid pump speed is selected as the variable of interest in the steady state optimization and results indicate that system power generation could be improved by as much as 25%. Analysis of two quasi steady operational cycles, a multi-mode and a constant speed variable load are conducted. ORC power results indicate that a speed-constrained, mechanically coupled turbine expander operates in its peak efficiency zone to produce maximum power output for the steady-state cycles tested. These steady state power optimization results can be used for future power optimization during engine transients.
Body Weight Is an Independent Risk Factor for Calcium Phosphate Nephropathy with Sodium Phosphate Colonoscopy Preparation. a Simulation Study (2008)

Purpose: Fleet Phospho-soda is a common colonoscopy preparation. A regimen involves the consumption of a total of 59.4 gm mono and dibasic sodium phosphate. An earlier pharmacokinetic study showed elevated levels of PO and a net calcium phosphate product (Ca × PO) higher than the crystallization coefficient (Ksp) after Fleet Phospho-soda. The normal Ksp for Ca × PO ranges from 60–65 g2/L2 for a pH range of 5.0–7.5. Renal exposure in these conditions predisposes to calcium phosphate nephropathy. Methods: Our group has developed a pharmacokinetic model using Stella (Isee Systems, Lebanon, NH). This icon-driven model simulates PO absorption, serum Ca and PO concentrations, renal phosphate uptake and resulting Ca × PO in the kidney. We investigated the effect of body mass, (hence the relational serum volume), on model parameters. Two patient groups were simulated in the model. Group I weighed 55 kg or lower and Group II weighed 100 kg and above. Simulations for 35–55 kg for Group I and 100–120 kg for Group II were performed. Results: Ca × PO exceeded Ksp after each dose in all subjects for varying lengths of time. Mean length of time for when Ca × PO was higher than Ksp was 1 hr after each dose in Group I, and 0.5 hrs only after second dose, in Group II. In all cases the peak concentration was reached 30–45 minutes after the dose was administered. Mean peak value of Ca × PO measured was 85 after dose 1, 90 after dose 2 in Group I and 54 after dose 1, 64 after dose 2 in Group II. Crystallization of Calcium phosphate, leading to formation of renal calculi, was modeled as random events occurring only while the Ca × PO remains higher than the Ksp. To test the frequency of crystallization in the two groups, simulation was run multiple times for each group. The mean number of runs resulting in crystallization of calcium phosphate in the kidney is 6.33 in Group I and 1.6 in Group II per 10 simulations. Crystallization events were observed in an average of 5 runs after first dose and an average of 6.33 runs after the second dose in Group I. Of the runs with crystallization after dose 1, additional crystallization was seen in 50% after dose 2. Conclusion: These data suggest that assuming normal renal function individuals with lower body mass are at substantially higher risk for calcium phosphate nephropathy. Safe dosing of sodium phosphate colonoscopy preparations requires adjustment for body weight.
Metabolic Acidosis Alters Expression of Slc22 Transporters in Mouse Kidney (2020)

In summary, metabolic acidosis alters expression of several transporters involved in renal excretion of metabolic waste products and drugs. This may have implications for drug kinetics and clearance of waste metabolites.
Cystic Fibrosis Mutations Lead to Carboxyl-terminal Fragments That Highlight an Early Biogenesis Step of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (2000)

Inefficient delivery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the surface of cells contributes to disease in the majority of cystic fibrosis patients. Analysis of cystic fibrosis-associated missense mutations in the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1), including A455E, S549R, Y563N, and P574H, revealed reduced levels of mature CFTR with elevated levels of carboxyl-terminal polypeptide fragments of 105 and 90 kDa. These fragments appear early in biogenesis and degrade rapidly in four distinct cell types tested including the bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cell line. They were detected at highest levels with CFTRA455E where the 105-kDa fragment accounted for 40% of newly synthesized polypeptide but for only 20 and 7% of nascent wild type and mutant DeltaF508 proteins, respectively. The bands represent core- and unglycosylated forms of the same CFTR fragment supporting that precursor forms are correctly inserted into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteolytic cleavage would be predicted to occur on the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum within the NBD1-R domain segment, but pharmacological testing did not support involvement of the 26 S proteasome. The examined missense mutations in NBD1 manifest differently than the major mutant, DeltaF508, and highlight a critical conformational aspect of biogenesis of CFTR.
10 Gbauds digital optical link and analog link from/to geostationary satellite (2023)

Architecture of a 10 Gbauds link between new high complexity optical ground station suitable for feeder link and a geo-stationary satellite is described. Such link is tested in laboratory environment with emulation of power fluctuations representative of the power budget between the optical ground station and the satellite. The software and hardware developed reach the expected performance and the system performance model is demonstrated to be accurate at 1 dB.
[Hormonotherapy in acute, idiopathic hirsutism, and seborrheic alopecia (author's transl)]. (1982)

It has been established that, through skin responds to circulating androgens, it can also produce androgens from precursors. Therapy can address either of the two following physiopathological steps: the secretory step can be countered by replacement or suppressive therapy which is now fairly well mastered; the target-organ step opens new possibilities concerning receptor abnormalities and receptor control. The medical literature was reviewed for data on hormonal therapy for women with acne, idiopathic hirsutism and seborrheic alopecia, three conditions which are usually only partially improved by cosmetic treatment.
Reconfigurable 40-Gbit/s tributary selection from a 640-Gbit/s signal using NOLM-based cascaded demultiplexing (2010)

We demonstrate a scheme for reconfigurably selecting multiple tributaries of a 640-Gbit/s signal using cross-phase modulation in cascaded nonlinear optical loop mirrors (NOLMs). An average penalty of ~3.5 dB is introduced by each NOLM after arbitrarily selecting two 40-Gbit/s tributaries and subsequently redistributing them.
Novel peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand [11C]DAA1106 for PET: An imaging tool for glial cells in the brain (2004)

Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is expressed in most organs and its expression is reported to be increased in activated microglia in the brain. [(11)C]PK11195 has been widely used for the in vivo imaging of PBRs, but its signal in the brain was not high enough for stable quantitative analysis. We synthesized a novel positron emission tomography (PET) ligand, [(11)C]DAA1106, for PBR and investigated its in vivo properties in rat and monkey brain. High uptake of [(11)C]DAA1106 was observed in the olfactory bulb and choroid plexus area, followed by the pons/medulla and cerebellum by in vivo autoradiography of rat brain, correlating with the binding in vitro. [(11)C]DAA1106 binding was increased in the dorsal hippocampus with neural destruction, suggesting glial reaction. [(11)C]DAA1106 binding was both inhibited and displaced by 1.0 mg/kg of DAA1106 and 5 mg/kg of PK11195 by 80% and 70%, respectively. Specific binding was estimated as 80% of total binding. [(11)C]DAA1106 binding was four times higher compared to the binding of [(11)C]PK11195 in the monkey occipital cortex. These results indicated that [(11)C]DAA1106 might be a good ligand for in vivo imaging of PBR.
Anode Design Variation in 1200-V Trench Field-stop Reverse-conducting IGBTs (2008)

Reverse-conducting (RC) IGBTs with a monolithically integrated reverse diode are meanwhile available for soft-switching applications such as lamp ballast or inductive cooking as well as for hard-switching applications such as inverters in refrigerators, air conditioners or general purpose drives. In this paper, we present results on the electrical behavior of 1200-V RC-IGBTs designed predominantly for soft switching applications. Miscellaneous parameters of the RC- IGBT, namely its thickness, the field-stop profile and the p-emitter dose were varied under the additional constraint to improve the behavior also for more severe switching conditions.
Double-diamond high-contrast-gratings vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (2014)

A new design of vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) with diamond-based high contrast gratings is proposed. The self-consistent model of laser operation has been calibrated based on experimental results and used to optimize the new proposed device and to perform comparative thermal and optical analysis of conventional and double-diamond high-contrast-grating VECSELs. The proposed design considerably reduces the dimensions and complexity of the device and provides up to 80% increase of the maximum emitted power as compared with the conventional design.
Structural change of graphite during electron irradiation (1992)

Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite was irradiated at room temperature with 300-keV electrons. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy were employed to study the structure of electron-irradiated graphite. Results consistently indicated absence of long-range order periodicity in the basal plane, and loose retention of the c-axis periodicity. Structure was modeled based on a mixture of sixfold and non-sixfold atom rings. Formation of non-sixfold atom rings was related to the observed buckling and discontinuity of the original graphite basal plane.
Kairos: Reliable and Efficient Programming Abstractions for Sensor Networks (SYS 4) (2006)

We are pursuing a new approach to programming sensor networks that significantly raises the level of abstraction over today's practice. The critical change is one of perspective: rather than writing programs from the point of view of an individual node in the network, programmers implement a central program that conceptually has access to the entire network. This pushes to the compiler the task of producing equivalent node-local programs that implement this behavior.In this poster, we outline the design of the Kairos programming language, its compiler, and its runtime system. The Kairos language extends the C language, and it includes new language constructs that allow programmers to declaratively access node-local state within the network and to specify simple forms of concurrent execution. The Kairos compiler employs a novel program analysis to automatically compile Kairos programs to node-local programs written in nesC. Finally, the runtime system executes these node-local programs in an energy-efficient manner on top of TinyOS on the Berkeley motes. It also employs novel locking and deadlock-detection algorithms to ensure serializability in the presence of concurrency.
Partial follicular aspiration for salvaging an IVF cycle after improper hCG administration. A case report. (2000)

This case report supports the premise that an IVF cycle in which improper hCG administration occurs can be salvaged. After partial follicular aspiration, no ovulation or luteinization of the remaining follicles occurred because of continued suppression by the gonadotropin releasing hormone analog. It is critical to consider the possibility of improper hCG administration when facing failure of oocyte retrieval. The procedure should be terminated and hCG readministered, and a second retrieval should be performed 34 hours later.
Effects of Localized Leg Muscle Vibration Timed to Gait Cycle Percentage During Overground Walking (2022)

Every movement requires the coordination of several muscles groups. Mechanosensors provide the necessary proprioceptive information to know the current state of the muscles, joints, and limb segments to perform motions successfully. The motor system activates the muscles accordingly to coordinate the joints according to the movement goals. Vibratory feedback can enhance the information sensed by the mechanosensors and affect the closed-loop locomotion control, thereby affecting the gait of a human user. This manuscript presents a comparison between two types of vibratory inputs at six different muscles: constant vibration of the muscles during the gait cycle and timed vibration synchronized to the percentage of the gait cycle. The results show that both vibratory strategies affect the gait of able-bodied subjects who participated in this study. The subjects modified their stride velocity and cadence. It is important to note that these gait characteristics depend on spatial and temporal parameters. However, what is unique that we found in this study is that constant vibration modified the spatial parameters, while timed vibration modified the temporal parameters.
Transparent Flash Memory Using Single Ta2O5 Layer for Both Charge-Trapping and Tunneling Dielectrics (2017)

We report reproducible multibit transparent flash memory in which a single solution-derived Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> layer is used simultaneously as a charge-trapping layer and a tunneling layer. This is different from conventional flash memory cells where two different dielectric layers are typically used. Under optimized programming/erasing operations, the memory device shows excellent programmable memory characteristics with a maximum memory window of ∼10.7 V. Moreover, the flash memory device shows a stable 2-bit memory performance and good reliability, including data retention for more than 10<sup>4</sup> s and endurance performance for more than 100 cycles. The use of a common charge-trapping and tunneling layer can simplify the fabrication of advanced flash memories.
Distribution of neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system ofRana esculenta (1996)

The distribution of perikarya and nerve fibers containing neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity in the brain of Rana esculenta was determined with an antiserum directed toward the carboxyl terminus of the peptide. In the telencephalon, immunoreactive perikarya were found in the olfactory bulb, the medial septum, and the diagonal band. In the diencephalon, labeled perikarya were detected in the anterior and posterior preoptic areas, the dorsal nucleus of the hypothalamus, the caudal part of the infundibulum, and the posterior tuberculum. In the mesencephalon, immunoreactive cell bodies were found only in the laminar nucleus of the torus semicircularis and the anterodorsal tegmental nucleus. In the rhombencephalon, labeled perikarya were detected in the secondary visceral nucleus, the cerebellar nucleus, the central gray, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in all areas of the brain that contained labeled perikarya. The densest accumulations were found in the nucleus accumbens; the dorsal part of the lateral septum; the periventricular region of the ventral thalamus; the lateral part of the infundibulum; the anterodorsal, anteroventral, posterodorsal, and posteroventral tegmental nuclei; and the periaqueductal region of the tegmentum. The distribution of neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity in the frog brain was substantially different from the distribution described for the rodent brain.
Learning ReLU Networks on Linearly Separable Data: Algorithm, Optimality, and Generalization (2019)

Neural networks with rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation functions (a.k.a. ReLU networks) have achieved great empirical success in various domains. Nonetheless, existing results for learning ReLU networks either pose assumptions on the underlying data distribution being, e.g., Gaussian, or require the network size and/or training size to be sufficiently large. In this context, the problem of learning a two-layer ReLU network is approached in a binary classification setting, where the data are linearly separable and a hinge loss criterion is adopted. Leveraging the power of random noise perturbation, this paper presents a novel stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm, which can provably train any single-hidden-layer ReLU network to attain global optimality, despite the presence of infinitely many bad local minima, maxima, and saddle points in general. This result is the first of its kind, requiring no assumptions on the data distribution, training/network size, or initialization. Convergence of the resultant iterative algorithm to a global minimum is analyzed by establishing both an upper bound and a lower bound on the number of non-zero updates to be performed. Moreover, generalization guarantees are developed for ReLU networks trained with the novel SGD leveraging classic compression bounds. These guarantees highlight a key difference (at least in the worst case) between reliably learning a ReLU network as well as a leaky ReLU network in terms of sample complexity. Numerical tests using both synthetic data and real images validate the effectiveness of the algorithm and the practical merits of the theory.
Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (2020)

Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE’s sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.
Geant4 Analysis of a Thermal Neutron Real-Time Imaging System (2017)

Thermal neutron imaging is a technique for nondestructive testing providing complementary information to X-ray imaging for a wide range of applications in science and engineering. Advancement of electronic imaging systems makes it possible to obtain neutron radiographs in real time. This method requires a scintillator to convert neutrons to optical photons and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to detect those photons. Alongside, a well collimated beam which reduces geometrical blurriness, the use of a thin scintillator can improve the spatial resolution significantly. A representative scintillator that has been applied widely for thermal neutron imaging is <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> LiF:ZnS (Ag). In this paper, a multiphysics simulation approach for designing thermal neutron imaging system is investigated. The Geant4 code is used to investigate the performance of a thermal neutron imaging system starting with a neutron source and including the production of charged particles and optical photons in the scintillator and their transport for image formation in the detector. The simulation geometry includes the neutron beam collimator and sapphire filter. The <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> LiF:ZnS (Ag) scintillator is modeled along with a pixelated detector for image recording. The spatial resolution of the system was obtained as the thickness of the scintillator screen was varied between 50 and 400 μm. The results of the simulation were compared to experimental results, including measurements performed using the PULSTAR nuclear reactor imaging beam, showing good agreement. Using the established model, further examination showed that the resolution contribution of the scintillator screen is correlated with its thickness and the range of the neutron absorption reaction products (i.e., the alpha and triton particles). Consequently, thinner screens exhibit improved spatial resolution. However, this will compromise detection efficiency due to the reduced probability of neutron absorption.
Studies on the Syntheses of Drugs Acting on Circulatory System. I. Syntheses of 1-Substituted 3, 7-Dimethylxanthine (Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. Part DCCCXXIV) (1980)

3, 7-Dimethyl-1-(5-oxohexyl) xanthine (pentoxifylline) (I) was synthesized by the following alternate methods : (1) oxidation reaction by PdCl2-O2-H2O of 1-(5-hexenyl)-3, 7-dimethylxanthine (IV), (2) alkylation-cleavage reaction of 1-(3-halogenopropyl)-3, 7-dimethylxanthine (IIa-c) with 2, 4-pentanedione in the presence of a base, and (3) ring closure reaction of caffeidine (IX) with N, N'-di-(5-oxohexyl) urea (X). In addition, several 1-substituted 3, 7-dimethylxanthine (XI-XVI) were synthesized and examined for their c-AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity.
Electron-Nuclear Quantum Information Processing (2008)

Abstract : We devised a novel scheme for electron-nuclear quantum information processing that exploits the anisotropic hyperfine coupling. This scheme enables universal control over a 1-electron, N-nuclear spin system, addressing only a single electron spin transition. Not having to address the nuclear spins directly significantly speeds up the control. We designed and fabricated a pulsed electron spin resonance spectrometer, along with a cryogenic probe which we used to experimentally implement this scheme on a single crystal sample of irradiated malonic acid.