gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Passenger Travel Demand Related to the Transportation Hub inside a City Area using Mobile Phone Data (2018)

The passenger transportation hub plays a crucial role in the urban transportation system. Analyzing transportation hub related travel demand is necessary to support urban transportation planning and management. However, it is difficult to use the traditional travel survey methods to study travel demand because tracking passenger travel trajectories is a near impossible task. The location information from the cellular system provides a feasible way to solve the problem. This paper concentrates on applying mobile phone data to study passenger travel demand related to the Hongqiao transportation hub in Shanghai, China. First, a method is introduced to collect passenger travel information related to the hub from mobile phone data. Then, travel demand indexes are presented to characterize the travel demand in a visual way. Finally, transportation corridors, which connect the hub and other urban areas, are identified to analyze the distribution of travel demand more thoroughly. The results illustrate that the passenger travel demand shows an obvious tide pattern in the city area with the Hongqiao transportation hub as the center. Moreover, there are two identified transportation corridors which reveal the major distribution directions of the passengers, that is, the city center and the Zizhu industrial development zone. The approach in this study testifies that mobile phone data has great potential for transportation planning and management related to transportation hubs.
Analytic Model of Threshold Voltage Variation Induced by Plasma Charging Damage in High-k Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (2011)

We discuss plasma charging damage (PCD) to high- k gate dielectrics and the resultant threshold voltage shift (Δ V th ) in n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (n-ch MOSFETs). The PCD induced by the antenna effect is focused on, and Δ V th and its variation are estimated for MOSFETs treated by various plasma processes. We propose a Δ V th variation model based on both the power-law dependence of Δ V th on the antenna ratio r (= exposed metal interconnect area/gate area) and the r distribution deduced from an interconnect-length distribution function (ILDF) in a large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit. Then, we simulate the variations in Δ V th [σ(Δ V th )] and the subthreshold leakage current I off [σ( I off )], in accordance with the employed r distribution. The model prediction quantitatively shows the effects of PCD on σ(Δ V th ) and σ( I off ): The antenna effect is found to increase σ(Δ V th ) and σ( I off ).
Effect of grain orientation on the development of dislocation substructures during cold-deformation of pure Tantalum. Link with static recrystallization and recovery. (2012)

International audience
Cloning and characterization of partial cDNAs for woodchuck cytokines and CD3ε with applications for the detection of RNA expression in tissues by RT-PCR assay (1997)

Immunologic reagents and methodology are essential to develop further the woodchuck and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) as a model of immune response, inflammation, and immunotherapy in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Partial cDNA clones for the woodchuck CD3epsilon marker of T cells (536 bp) and for selected woodchuck cytokines were developed, including IL-1beta (332 bp), IL-2 (249 bp), IL-4 (205 bp), IL-10 (476 bp), IFN-gamma (476 bp), and TNF-alpha (381 bp). This panel of markers includes sets to measure RNAs for T cells (CD3epsilon), immune response induction (IL-1beta, IL-2), TH subsets (TH1, IL-2/IFN-gamma vs. TH2, IL-4/IL-10), and effector molecules that regulate hepadnavirus replication and liver injury (IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha). Primers representing highly conserved segments of genes from other species were used to derive the partial cDNA clones. Target RNA was obtained from woodchuck peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that were stimulated in vitro with ConA, LPS, and human rIL-2. The cDNA clones were validated by 1) comparison with other species for homologies in the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences and 2) a first generation assay demonstrating induction of the respective RT-PCR products in stimulated woodchuck PBMC. The corresponding RNAs were also detectable in most cases in the total RNA from the livers of uninfected and WHV-infected woodchucks and differential expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha RNAs was suggested. Second generation, semi-quantitative assays for the RNAs were validated using RT-PCR and dot-blot hybridization with 32P-oligomers derived from the internal sequences of the respective clones. Continued study of the woodchuck immune response to WHV infection using these assays will provide insight into the kinetics and immune mechanisms that initiate and maintain chronic hepadnavirus infection and, hence, enable development of improved immunotherapies for established chronic HBV infection.
Evolutionary computation for topology optimization of mechanical structures: An overview of representations (2016)

During the past decade, continuum topology optimization became an important industrial tool for the conceptual design of mechanical structures. The field of evolutionary computation provides suitable stochastic optimization algorithms for problems involving strong non-linearities or black-box simulations, for which existing gradient-based methods are not feasible. Due to the high design freedom of the phenotypic space, the encoding of the structural design is a critical aspect when applying evolutionary algorithms. Currently, the encoding approaches are scattered throughout different literature fields. This paper gathers them and provides a contemporary overview on the various structural representations used in conjunction with evolutionary computation for topology optimization. The important influence of the representation on the scalability of the approaches motivates the proposed categorization in three groups: Grid, Geometric and Indirect Representations. The existing representations are described and discussed on a conceptual level and chances and challenges are outlined.
Extracorporeal Blood Pump Driven by a Novel Bearingless Split-Tooth Flux-Reversal Motor (2023)

This paper describes a novel bearingless split tooth flux reversal motor with integrated centrifugal blood pump. This motor has a magnet-free rotor, and is capable of operating at up to 3000 rpm with up to 100 mNm torque. The motor also has 50 N radial force capability for centering the rotor. The motor rotor is 50 mm diameter, housed in a 170mm wide stator. The motor has a novel magnetic configuration wherein the force generation is independent of the rotor angle. This allows simple radial force generation using stator-fixed currents. The motor torque is generated using commutated two-phase currents. Finite element simulations are used to optimize the design in order to achieve sufficient radial force and motor torque, while minimizing cogging torque. The design also achieves an axial passive magnetic stiffness of 5.4 N/mm, which is the constraint on axial motions of the rotor. This paper includes mechanical design and fabrication details, as well as experimental closed loop levitation and speed control performance. With an integrated impeller, the rotor and the centrifugal pump are tested by pumping fluid in a closed circuit to obtain experimental pressure-flow curves with impeller-limited performance.
Application of Small Organic Molecules Reveals Cooperative TGFβ and BMP Regulation of Mesothelial Cell Behaviors (2011)

Epicardial development is a process during which epithelial sheet movement, single cell migration, and differentiation are coordinated to generate coronary arteries. Signaling cascades regulate the concurrent and complex nature of these three events. Through simple and highly reproducible assays, we identified small organic molecules that impact signaling pathways regulating these epicardial behaviors. Subsequent biochemical analyses confirmed the specificity of these reagents and revealed novel targets for the widely used dorsomorphin (DM) and LDN-193189 molecules. Using these newly characterized reagents, we show the broad regulation of epicardial cell differentiation, sheet movement, and single cell migration by Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ). With the DM analogue DMH1, a highly specific Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor, we demonstrate the cooperative yet exclusive role for BMP signaling in regulation of sheet migration. The action of DMH1 reveals that small organic molecules (SOM) can intervene on a single epicardial behavior while leaving other concurrent behaviors intact. All SOM data were confirmed by reciprocal experiments using growth factor addition and/or application of established non-SOM inhibitors. These compounds can be applied to cell lines or native proepicardial tissue. Taken together, these data establish the efficacy of chemical intervention for analysis of epicardial behaviors and provide novel reagents for analysis of epicardial development and repair.
InGaAsPN/InP based photodetectors for long wavelength (λ&lt;1.65 μm) applications (2003)

InGaAsP alloys grown lattice matched to InP substrates are widely used for detectors at optical fiber communication wavelengths. For these detectors, the cutoff wavelength is 1.65 /spl mu/m as determined by the band gap of the lattice-matched In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As absorption layer. Detectors with In content larger than 53% have been fabricated, but exhibit higher dark currents due to defects in the relaxed, lattice-mismatched InGaAs layer. Recently, we demonstrated that incorporation of nitrogen into InGaAs may extend the wavelength of InP based photodetectors beyond 1.65 /spl mu/m. We report the first lattice matched InGaAsPN based photodetectors on InP with cutoff wavelengths extending to >1.89 /spl mu/m. In the study, a mesa PIN type photodetector structure with narrow band gap InGaAsPN as the absorption layer was grown on an n-type InP substrate by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE).
Analysis of an LMS algorithm for bilinear forms (2017)

In this paper, we present a least-mean-square (LMS) adaptive filter tailored for bilinear forms. The bilinear term is defined with respect to the impulse responses of a spatiotemporal model, which resembles a multiple-input/single-output (MISO) system. A convergence analysis is also provided, outlining the main features of this algorithm. Simulation results support the theoretical findings.
A new circuit structure for near field wireless power transmission (2012)

Wireless power transmission using mid-range magnetic resonance has become an important technology in body area sensor systems. Recent researches have used fine-tuned impedance matching for wireless power transmission at fixed distance. However, this method is significantly sensitive to the distance change between two devices since the impedances at both ends must be perfectly matched. Hence, it is a major challenge to achieve efficient wireless power transmission in mobile environment. We propose a new circuit architecture for wireless power transmission in the near field; the Resonator Isolation (RI) structure. Using the RI structure, the wireless power transmission becomes highly robust under mobile environment. In this paper, we present the circuit design of the RI structure and evaluate its performance with the actual systems we constructed.
The Antigen Presenting Cells Instruct Plasma Cell Differentiation (2014)

The professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), including many subsets of dendritic cells and macrophages, not only mediate prompt but non-specific response against microbes, but also bridge the antigen-specific adaptive immune response through antigen presentation. In the latter, typically activated B cells acquire cognate signals from T helper cells in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles to differentiate into plasma cells (PCs), which generate protective antibodies. Recent advances have revealed that many APC subsets provide not only "signal 1" (the antigen), but also "signal 2" to directly instruct the differentiation process of PCs in a T-cell-independent manner. Herein, the different signals provided by these APC subsets to direct B cell proliferation, survival, class switching, and terminal differentiation are discussed. We furthermore propose that the next generation of vaccines for boosting antibody response could be designed by targeting APCs.
Climate change brings the specter of new infectious diseases (2020)

Climate change will bring major changes to the epidemiology of infectious diseases through changes in microbial and vector geographic range.Human defenses against microbial diseases rely on advanced immunity that includes innate and adaptive arms and endothermy, which creates a thermal restriction zone for many microbes.Given that microbes can adapt to higher temperatures, there is concern that global warming will select for microbes with higher heat tolerance that can defeat our endothermy defenses and bring new infectious disease.
Contribution evaluation of the structure to the vibration based on transfer path analysis (2018)

Conventionally, the transfer path analysis (TPA) targeted in this study is an experimental method capable of specifying a path to be countermeasured, which has a large contribution to response from among multiple paths by multiplying the external force and the transfer function. Although there are practical examples of application to automobile development, enormous experiments using actual equipment are necessary; it is not easy to grasp the transfer characteristics of vibration and to study countermeasures. Therefore, in this study, we focus on TPA method using Finite Element Method (FEM). In previous study, TPA based on FEM was applied to a mechanical structure having the multiple transfer paths, the structural modification guideline for the path structure itself connecting the subsystem including the vibration source and the subsystem including the vibration receiver was proposed. However, the proposed method is effective only when the contribution of one path is dominant at the target frequency, and no improvement method has been proposed when the contributions of multiple paths are dispersed to the same extent. In this study, to solve these problems, we propose a method to evaluate contribution obtained from TPA using numerical model for each degree of freedom component of transmitted force, by calculating the six degrees of freedom component (three direction force and three direction moment) of the macro transmitted force of the object cross section of each transfer path and the transfer function. By evaluating the contribution for each degree of freedom component of each section force, it is possible to intuitively grasp the phenomenon and to propose an effective structural change proposal for the target degree of freedom, so clarification of the structural change guideline can be expected.
APOBEC3B-mediated corruption of the tumor cell immunopeptidome induces heteroclitic neoepitopes for cancer immunotherapy (2020)

APOBEC3B, an anti-viral cytidine deaminase which induces DNA mutations, has been implicated as a mediator of cancer evolution and therapeutic resistance. Mutational plasticity also drives generation of neoepitopes, which prime anti-tumor T cells. Here, we show that overexpression of APOBEC3B in tumors increases resistance to chemotherapy, but simultaneously heightens sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade in a murine model of melanoma. However, in the vaccine setting, APOBEC3B-mediated mutations reproducibly generate heteroclitic neoepitopes in vaccine cells which activate de novo T cell responses. These cross react against parental, unmodified tumors and lead to a high rate of cures in both subcutaneous and intra-cranial tumor models. Heteroclitic Epitope Activated Therapy (HEAT) dispenses with the need to identify patient specific neoepitopes and tumor reactive T cells ex vivo. Thus, actively driving a high mutational load in tumor cell vaccines increases their immunogenicity to drive anti-tumor therapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade.
A novel technique for the fabrication of nanostructures on silicon carbide using amorphization and oxidation (2006)

A novel technique for fabricating silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures on SiC substrates is reported in this paper. The technique involves amorphization of crystalline SiC at the nanoscale using a focused ion beam followed by selective thermal oxidation that results in oxide nanostructures due to the enhanced oxidation rate of amorphous SiC. Selective etching of the oxide results in crystalline SiC nanostructures. Nanostructures (SiO2 and SiC) with minimum feature sizes of ∼55 nm have been fabricated. Oxide nano-channels with channel widths of less than 20 nm are demonstrated. The physical mechanisms that control the evolution of the structures and limit the resolution have been addressed.
Self-assembly and hydrogelation promoted by F5-phenylalanine (2009)

Phenylalanine (Phe)-derived molecules have been exploited as low molecular weight hydrogelators. Perturbing the hydrophobic and π–π interactions that promote self-assembly and hydrogelation of these derivatives will facilitate improved understanding of hydrogelation phenomena and the design of small molecule hydrogelators with novel properties. The efficient self-assembly and hydrogelation of Fmoc-protected pentafluorophenylalanine (Fmoc-F5-Phe) are reported herein. Suspensions of Fmoc-F5-Phe in water undergo rapid self-assembly to entangled fibrillar structures within minutes, giving rise to rigid supramolecular gels. Self-assembly occurs at concentrations as low as 2 mM (0.1 wt%). Variation of the fluorinated aromatic side chain or N-terminal functionalization perturbs hydrogelation, implicating fluorous and π–π interactions as the primary determinants for molecular recognition and self-assembly. The hydrophobic and electronic properties of F5-Phe provide remarkable potential for functional self-assembly in a minimal amino acid scaffold.
Wearable Biosensors to Evaluate Recurrent Opioid Toxicity After Naloxone Administration: A Hilbert Transform Approach (2018)

Opioid abuse is a rapidly escalating problem in the United States. Effective opioid reversal is achieved with the antidote naloxone, but often does not last as long as the offending opioid, necessitating in-hospital observation. Continuous physiologic monitoring using wearable biosensors represents a potential option to extend monitoring capability outside the clinical setting across the spectrum of opioid abuse including post- naloxone administration. The present study aims to identify the physiologic change that marks the cessation of naloxone's effect. Eleven participants were recruited in the Emergency Department after naloxone administration for an opioid overdose and continuously monitored using a wearable biosensor measuring heart rate, temperature, electrodermal activity and accelerometry. Hilbert transform was used to evaluate a 90- minute post naloxone time point. Physiologic changes were consistent with the onset of opioid drug effect across parameters, but only changes in heart rate and skin temperature research statistical significance.
28 GHz Over-the-Air Measurement using an OTFS Multi-User Distributed MIMO (2022)

This paper describes the experimental investigation of orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation using a 28 GHz multi-user distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) testbed in over-the-air (OTA) and mobility environments. We build the D-MIMO testbed in an actual office floor, and measure OTFS signals and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with up to four user simultaneous connections. OTFS indicates higher robustness in time-variant channels than OFDM. The error vector magnitude (EVM) and system throughput of OTFS are −22 dB and 1.9 Gbps with 100 MHz signal bandwidth, respectively. In our knowledge, this is a first paper describing the OTA measurements of EVM, throughput, and spectral efficiency using OTFS modulation on the 28 GHz coherent beamforming system.
Design and evaluation of an active ripple filter using voltage injection (2002)

Active ripple filters can affect substantial reductions in power converter input and output ripple components, allowing considerable reduction in passive component size. This paper investigates a hybrid passive/active filter topology that achieves ripple reduction by injecting a compensating voltage ripple across a series filter element. Both ripple feedforward and feedback are employed. The design of sensor, amplifier, and injector circuitry suitable for the application are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and high performance of the new approach, and illustrate its potential benefits. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is most effective in cases where it is desirable to minimize the amount of capacitance in the filter.
Controllable dual-wavelength operation of a femtosecond neodymium fiber laser (1995)

Simultaneous asynchronous mode locking of two wavelengths in a Nd3+-doped fiber laser is reported. The laser operates simultaneously at wavelengths of 1.060 and 1.100 μm, where carrier-type passive mode locking is employed for the shorter wavelength and Kerr-type passive mode locking is used for the longer wavelength. The difference between the two repetition rates may be varied over a range from several megahertz to 500 Hz, limited by the onset of pulse interactions at small difference frequencies.
Systems-level dynamic analyses of fate change in murine embryonic stem cells (2009)

Cell fate at the systems level Rong Lu et al. present a dynamic systems-level study of cell fate changes in mouse embryonic stem cells following a single well-defined perturbation by downregulating the pluripotency factor Nanog. They measure global changes in histone acetylation, chromatin-bound RNA polymerase II, mRNA and nuclear protein levels for five days, and find progressive widespread changes in multiple molecular regulatory layers and provide a dynamic view of information flow in the epigenome, transcriptome and proteome.
A low-cost technique for adding microlasers to a silicon photonic platform (2016)

In this paper we report the physical micromanipulation of standard InP telecommunications laser die in a liquid medium by means of optoelectronic tweezers. Optoelectronic tweezers have been shown to use much less optical power than optical tweezers, they do not require a coherent light source to function and the creation of multiple traps is straightforward. These properties make the technique a very good candidate for the massive parallel micromanipulation of optoelectronic components for assembly on a photonic platform. We discuss the positional and orientation accuracy of the optoelectronic tweezers in relation to the alignment requirements for low-loss coupling between the light sources and the other components in a photonic platform. Our experiments indicate that the accuracy is better than 2 &mu;m and 2&deg; for translations and rotations, respectively.