gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear receptor NR2E3 gene mutations distort human retinal laminar architecture and cause an unusual degeneration (2004)

Mutations in the nuclear receptor gene, NR2E3, cause a disorder of human retinal photoreceptor development characterized by hyperfunction and excess of the minority S (short wavelength or blue) cone photoreceptor type, but near absence of function of the majority rod receptor. NR2E3 disease can also progress to blindness. How the human retina accommodates mis-specified types and numbers of neurons and advances to retinal degeneration are unknown. We studied the retinal organization in vivo of patients with NR2E3 mutations. Early human NR2E3 disease with S cone hyperfunction showed thickened retinal layers within an otherwise normally structured retina. With visual loss, however, lamination was coarse and there was a strikingly thick and bulging appearance to the retina, localized to an annulus encircling the central fovea. This pattern was not found in other retinal degenerations. The abnormal laminar retinal architecture of early NR2E3 disease may be due in part to larger cells with an S cone phenotype in place of rods that failed to differentiate. The later-stage dysplastic appearance suggests a previously unrecognized proliferative response in human retinal degeneration.
Recognition of human gaits (2005)

We pose the problem of recognizing different types of human gait in the space of dynamical systems where each gait is represented Established techniques are employed to track a kinematic model of a human body in motion, and the trajectories of the parameters are used to learn a representation of a dynamical system, which defines a gait. Various types of distance between models are then computed These computations are non trivial due to the fact that, even for the case of linear systems, the space of canonical realizations is not linear.
CorNet: Generic 3D Corners for 6D Pose Estimation of New Objects without\n Retraining (2019)

We present a novel approach to the detection and 3D pose estimation of\nobjects in color images. Its main contribution is that it does not require any\ntraining phases nor data for new objects, while state-of-the-art methods\ntypically require hours of training time and hundreds of training registered\nimages. Instead, our method relies only on the objects' geometries. Our method\nfocuses on objects with prominent corners, which covers a large number of\nindustrial objects. We first learn to detect object corners of various shapes\nin images and also to predict their 3D poses, by using training images of a\nsmall set of objects. To detect a new object in a given image, we first\nidentify its corners from its CAD model; we also detect the corners visible in\nthe image and predict their 3D poses. We then introduce a RANSAC-like algorithm\nthat robustly and efficiently detects and estimates the object's 3D pose by\nmatching its corners on the CAD model with their detected counterparts in the\nimage. Because we also estimate the 3D poses of the corners in the image,\ndetecting only 1 or 2 corners is sufficient to estimate the pose of the object,\nwhich makes the approach robust to occlusions. We finally rely on a final check\nthat exploits the full 3D geometry of the objects, in case multiple objects\nhave the same corner spatial arrangement. The advantages of our approach make\nit particularly attractive for industrial contexts, and we demonstrate our\napproach on the challenging T-LESS dataset.\n
High-content tripartite split-GFP cell-based assays to screen for modulators of small GTPase activation (2017)

The human Ras superfamily of small GTPases controls essential cellular processes such as gene expression and cell proliferation. As their deregulation is widely associated with human cancer, small GTPases and their regulatory proteins have become increasingly attractive for the development of novel therapeutics. Classical methods to monitor GTPase activation include pulldown assays that limit the analysis of GTP-bound form of proteins from cell lysates. Alternatively, live-cell FRET biosensors may be used to study GTPase activation dynamics in response to stimuli, but these sensors often require further optimization for high-throughput applications. Here, we describe a cell-based approach that is suitable to monitor the modulation of small GTPase activity in a high-content analysis. The assay relies on a genetically encoded tripartite split-GFP (triSFP) system that we integrated in an optimized cellular model to monitor modulation of RhoA and RhoB GTPases. Our results indicate the robust response of the reporter, allowing the interrogation of inhibition and stimulation of Rho activity, and highlight potential applications of this method to discover novel modulators and regulators of small GTPases and related protein-binding domains.
Comparison of Embryo Transfer Techniques in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Cycles [35K] (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Different transfer techniques have been developed to optimize the embryo transfer process and maximize the probability of pregnancy after transfer. The purpose of this study is to compare the afterload (AL) embryo transfer technique and the post-mock (PM) embryo transfer technique. METHODS: We designed a retrospective cohort study which included women who underwent an autologous, fresh or cryopreserved embryo transfer (ET) between 01 July 2013 and 01 September 2016 at our academic center. Embryo transfer was performed with either the afterload technique (AL) or the immediate post-mock (PM) transfer technique. The primary outcome of interest was ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) defined as fetal cardiac activity on first trimester ultrasound. This study was approved by the Tripler Army Medical Center Department of Clinical Investigation Scientific Review Committee and Institutional Review Board. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in OPR between patients that underwent AL transfers and PM transfers (AL 51%, PM 57%; P=.378). Ongoing pregnancy rate for frozen embryo transfers was superior for AL transfers compared to PM transfers (AL 68%, PM 31%; P=.005). Ongoing pregnancy rate was superior with the PM technique for fresh embryo transfers (AL 43%, PM 63%; P=.002). Ongoing pregnancy rate decreased with age in the AL cohort, but not in the PM cohort (P=.004). CONCLUSION: There appears to be no overall difference in OPR between AL and PM transfer technique. However, with vitrified embryos, the AL technique demonstrated a higher OPR, and with fresh embryos, the PM technique resulted in a superior OPR.
Inhibitory Effect of Ginseng on Breast Cancer Cell Line Growth Via Up-Regulation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, p21 and p53 (2016)

Objective: Breast cancer is global female health problem worldwide. Most of the currently used agents for breast cancer treatment have toxic side-effects. Ginseng root, an oriental medicine, has many health benefits and may exhibit direct anti-cancer properties. This study was performed to assess the effects of ginseng on breast cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of ginseng extract was measured by MTT assay after exposure of MDA-MB-231, MCF-10A and MCF-7 breast cancer cells to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg/well. Expression levels of p21WAF, p16INK4A, Bcl-2, Bax and P53 genes were analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Results: The treatment resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner. p53, p21WAF1and p16INK4A expression levels were up-regulated in ginseng treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells compared to untreated controls and in MCF-10A cells. The expression levels of Bcl2 in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were down-regulated. In contrast, that of Bax was significantly up-regulated. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that ginseng may inhibit breast cancer cell growth by activation of the apoptotic pathway.
Ca2+ binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase revisited. I. Mechanism of affinity and cooperativity modulation by H+ and Mg2+ (1993)

H+ and Mg2+ are known to inhibit Ca2+ binding to the transport sites of sarcoplasmic reticulum-ATPase. Evaluation of the affinity for the Ca2+ binding sites requires measurement of the amount of Ca2+ bound to ATPase as a function of the free Ca2+ concentration imposed by a Ca2+ chelator. The choice of the chelator is crucial as it determines the accuracy of the free Ca2+ concentration. At pH > 7, the EGTA affinity for Ca2+ is higher than that of ATPase, inducing artifacts that alter the shape of the binding curves. Thus, we have used 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), whose affinity is unchanged at pH > or = 7. Ca2+ binding was studied at equilibrium, from pH 6 to pH 8 and from 0 to 10 mM Mg2+, using EGTA and/or BAPTA and [45Ca]Ca2+. Under all conditions, the stoichiometry was 2 Ca2+/ATPase. At variance with previous studies, the Hill coefficient was 1.1-2 and higher at pH 6 than at pH 8. In addition, it decreased in the presence of Mg2+. The Ca2+ binding curves were analyzed according to a model in which they result from a sequential binding of two Ca2+, each binding step being modified by H+ and Mg2+. The effect of H+ is described by two steps involving two H+ and one H+, with pK 7 and 7.9, respectively. At pH 6, ATPase must lose two H+ for the first Ca2+ to bind and a third H+ for the second Ca2+ to bind. At pH 9, both Ca2+ bind without any H+ exchange. Mg2+ can bind to all species, except to that saturated with Ca2+. The species having lost two H+ has a higher affinity for Mg2+ (< or = 1 mM) than the species having bound three H+ (4 mM). The above model allows us to analyze the effects of H+ and Mg2+ at each Ca2+ binding step and to explain the changes in the apparent affinity and cooperativity.
Topologies and technologies for optically interconnected multicomputers using inverted graphs (2002)

To successfully exploit the benefits of optical technology in a tightly-coupled multicomputer, the architectural design must reflect both the advantages of optics and the limitations of optics. The authors describe a class of such architectures, based upon inverted graph topologies. Two instances of this class (an inverted hypercube and an inverted mesh) are further explored to illustrate their properties. They then consider the physical construction of these systems, demonstrating the relevant technological components necessary to manufacture a working system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Anti-neutrophil-cytoplasmic antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: specificity and clinical relevance?]. (1993)

Sera of 90 patients fulfilling the criteria of the American Rheumatism Association for the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were screened for antibodies against neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens (ANCA) by an indirect immunofluorescence test. All sera were also tested for rheumatoid factor (Waaler-Rose-Test, WRT), C-reactive protein (CRP), antinuclear autoantibodies (ANA) on HEp-2 cells. 40% of the 90 sera showed ANCA-positive reactions. c-ANCA and p-ANCA types were both observed but the latter was by far more common (91%). The peculiarity of the p-ANCA pattern was a fine granular perinuclear staining. Antibodies against myeloperoxidase (MPO) were negative in all RA sera tested. So far we found a significant relationship between positive ANCA staining, functional Steinbrocker grades, and rheumatoid factor. No significant correlation was observed with extraarticular manifestation, CRP, therapeutic modalities (gold) or MHC antigens. Currently the nature of the neutrophil antigen involved is under investigation.
The preparation of field‐ion‐microscope specimens containing grain boundaries (1971)

Summary A back polishing technique has been devised which increases the efficiency of a field‐ion‐microscope study of grain boundaries. The rate of back polishing is predicted from the relationship d m d = 2·5 × 10 4 nm 2 /msec. This relationship is shown to be valid experimentally and theoretically. Its validity implies the persistence of constant current density conditions during electropolishing of sharp, needle‐shaped specimens down to diameters of 100 nm.
Investigations of Turbulence Modulation in Turbulent Particle Laden Flows (2001)

Abstract This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical analyses of high particle laden turbulent flows. The dispersed phase consists of non‐reacting solid mono‐dispersed particles with variable diameter between 60μm and 1500μm. Experiments using Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA) and Phase Doppler Anemometer (PDA) show in agreement with earlier investigations that small particles attenuate turbulence while large particles enhance turbulence. More detailed investigations are, however, needed to clearly identify and quantify such influences. In order to obtain preliminary information about the performance of the k‐model, mostly used for the majority of the numerical models, in predicting the physical features of modulation, some numerical calculation results obtained by use of Euler/Lagrange method and a modified version of the k‐model are compared to the experimental data.
Co-repressor release but not ligand binding is a prerequisite for transcription activation by human retinoid acid receptor α ligand-binding domain. (2003)

Dr. Komar's name was misspelled. The correct spelling is shown above. The online version has already been corrected in departure from print.
Modulation of α5β1 integrin functions by the phospholipid and cholesterol contents of cell membranes (2000)

Several modifications of the α5β1 integrin, which alter its intracellular and extracellular interaction with fibronectin and other proteins, have been reported. However, the significance of the lateral mobility of integrin molecules in the plasma membrane, as a regulator of their distribution and function, is poorly understood. We examined this problem by increasing the cholesterol content of plasma membranes, and consequently modifying the fluidity of membrane phospholipids, in rat fibroblasts. Under these conditions, the clustering of α5β1 integrin molecules in focal adhesions, their adhesion to the cell-binding domain of fibronectin, and their association with the cytoskeletal protein talin were significantly enhanced as compared to control cells. However, the activation of MAP-kinase pathways by the association of fibronectin with α5β1 integrin, and its association with integrin-linked kinase (ilk), were suppressed. The treated cells also showed distinct changes in shape, and their actin stress fiber network was more dense and thick as compared to control cells. The changes in fluidity of phospholipids occurred differentially and fluidity of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine increased, while that of phosphatidyl-choline was reduced. Our results suggest that proteins in focal adhesions could be partitioned in specific lipid domains, which regulate specific aspects of α5β1 integrin functions. J. Cell. Biochem.77:517–528, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High Performance Plasma Sputtered Fuel Cell Electrodes with Ultra Low Catalytic Metal Loadings (2011)

Ultra-low Pt content PEMFC electrodes have been manufactured using magnetron co-sputtering of carbon and platinum on a commercial E-Tek uncatalyzed gas diffusion layer in plasma fuel cell deposition devices. Pt loadings lower than 0.01 mg cm-2 have been realized. The Pt catalyst is dispersed as small clusters with size less than 2 nm over a depth of 500 nm. PEMFC test with symmetric electrodes loaded with 0.01 mg cm-2 led to maximum reproducible power densities as high as 0.4 Wcm-2 with Nafion 212. Replacement of platinum by palladium using plasma sputtering methods was also realized by preparing MEAs composed of 0.01 mgPd cm-2 for the anode and 0.01 mgPd cm-2 + 0.001 mgPt cm-2 for the cathode and Nafion 212 membrane. Power density as high as 250 mW cm-2 were achieved at 80°C, which corresponds to a specific power density of 250 kW gPt-1.
Active Components for 50 Gb/s NRZ-OOK Optical Interconnects in a Silicon Photonics Platform (2016)

We present active components developed in imec's silicon photonics platform that enable 50-Gb/s non-return-to-zero operation using CMOS compatible voltages.
EFFECT OF PRODUCT AND PROCESS VARIABLES IN THE FLOW OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES IN A CARRIER FLUID THROUGH STRAIGHT TUBES (1996)

Residence time of particles and fluid-to-particle heat transfer coefficient, two of the major unknowns in the aseptic processing of particulate fluid foods, are intimately related with the linear and rotational velocities of the solid particles. These two velocities were measured by videotaping the flow of individual spherical particles in transparent straight tubes. The effect of fluid velocity and viscosity, particle diameter and density and tube diameter and upward inclination was statistically evaluated using a replicated full factorial design at two levels. Particle linear velocities between around one third of the average fluid velocity and 15% higher were obtained. Rotational velocities were usually lower, but of the same order of magnitude. Particle density and particle diameter had a significant effect on the two particle velocities analysed. The effect of fluid velocity was
In vitroevaluation of the effects of 4-aminopyridine on cytochrome P450 enzymes (2013)

The likelihood of drug-drug interactions is remote in patients with MS who may be taking dalfampridine-ER concomitantly with medications that are metabolized by CYP450 pathways.
Optical waveguides fabricated by electron-beam irradiation of Ge-doped flame-hydrolysis silica (2004)

The refractive index distribution and birefringence of electron-beam directly-written waveguides in flame-hydrolysis silica have been characterized by means of micro-reflectivity and mode characterization. These results allow the detail design and fabrication of complex optical devices using this fabrication technique
CD8+ T Cell Tolerance in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Is Restored by Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Resistance Alleles (2005)

Although candidate genes controlling autoimmune disease can now be identified, a major challenge that remains is defining the resulting cellular events mediated by each locus. In the current study we have used NOD-InsHA transgenic mice that express the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) as an islet Ag to compare the fate of HA-specific CD8+ T cells in diabetes susceptible NOD-InsHA mice with that observed in diabetes-resistant congenic mice having protective alleles at insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) 3, Idd5.1, and Idd5.2 (Idd3/5 strain) or at Idd9.1, Idd9.2, and Idd9.3 (Idd9 strain). We demonstrate that protection from diabetes in each case is correlated with functional tolerance of endogenous islet-specific CD8+ T cells. However, by following the fate of naive, CFSE-labeled, islet Ag-specific CD8+ (HA-specific clone-4) or CD4+ (BDC2.5) T cells, we observed that tolerance is achieved differently in each protected strain. In Idd3/5 mice, tolerance occurs during the initial activation of islet Ag-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes where CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) effectively prevent their accumulation. In contrast, resistance alleles in Idd9 mice do not prevent the accumulation of islet Ag-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes, indicating that tolerance occurs at a later checkpoint. These results underscore the variety of ways that autoimmunity can be prevented and identify the elimination of islet-specific CD8+ T cells as a common indicator of high-level protection.
A combined-slip predictive control of vehicle stability with experimental verification (2017)

In this paper, a model predictive vehicle stability controller is designed based on a combined-slip LuGre tyre model. Variations in the lateral tyre forces due to changes in tyre slip ratios are considered in the prediction model of the controller. It is observed that the proposed combined-slip controller takes advantage of the more accurate tyre model and can adjust tyre slip ratios based on lateral forces of the front axle. This results in an interesting closed-loop response that challenges the notion of braking only the wheels on one side of the vehicle in differential braking. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated in software simulations and is compared to a similar pure-slip controller. Furthermore, experimental tests are conducted on a rear-wheel drive electric Chevrolet Equinox equipped with differential brakes to evaluate the closed-loop response of the model predictive control controller.
Delaunay Triangles Model for Image-Based Motion Retargeting (2001)

We present an automatic system for retargeting a human body extracted from an image sequence into a new character in a still image. In contrast to analysing the articulated motion of its skeleton in the previous vision-based human body tracking and posture recognition system, we use direct 2-D image warping based on a silhouette. At first, we represent the performer’s silhouette with the Delaunay Triangles Model (DTM) of which the boundary points are the critical points of the silhouette. We then use a set of affine transformations of Delaunay triangles for the human body motion, which is applied to a new character for the deformation of the subject’s DTM. The final animation of the subject is texture mapped using backward Radial Basis Functions (RBFs). Although our algorithm presented in this paper is not applicable to the human body with self-occluded motion, it allows believable photo-realistic motion retargeting.
Self-fabrication of avoid array in fused silica by femtosecond laser (2006)

In this paper, we report on the self-fabrication of sub-micrometer-sized void array in fused silica using Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers. We have investigated the effect of the focusing condition on the shape of the fabricated void. It is found that the shape of the voids was varied with the depth of a focusing point from the sample surface, because the self-focusing process has a significant effect on the generation of the voids
Dual CVD-PECVD microwave powered fluidized bed reactor (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. Fluidised bed technology is an important tool in large scale mineral processing as well as in coal roasting technology. In recent years, increased interest developed for application of this technology in advanced materials processing, namely for coating and activation of ceramic, metallic as well as polymer powders and fibres, mainly because of the excellent dispersion and mixing of the, material and the efficient heat and mass exchange, which promote uniform coating.
Efficient Demodulation of General APSK Constellations (2016)

In this letter, we introduce a novel method for demodulation of general amplitude- and phase-shift keying (APSK) constellations. By noting that the max-log log-likelihood ratio (LLR) is a piecewise linear function of the received signal, we devise a scheme to determine in which linear region that the received signal falls, obtain the linear parameters from a lookup table and compute the LLR. This method is general and works for any APSK (two-dimensional) constellation. By pruning the search tree, it also provides a mechanism for performance-complexity tradeoff and we show that its complexity is much lower than a previously published scheme (which only works for regular APSK constellations).
Low-complexity motion estimation for the scalable video coding extension of H.264/AVC (2008)

The recently standardized Scalable Video Coding(SVC) extension of H.264/AVC allows bitstream scalability with improved rate-distortion efficiency with respect to the classical Simulcasting approach, at the cost of an increased computational complexity of the encoding process. So one critical issue related to practical deployment of SVC is the complexity reduction, fundamental to use it in consumer applications. In this paper, we present a fully scalable fast motion estimation algorithm that enables an excellent complexity performance.