gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of the T-Cell–Specific Tyrosine Kinase Lck in Normal B-1 Cells and in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells (1998)

Src family kinases play a key role in mitogenesis. The exquisitely tissue-specific distribution of different Src family members suggests that a fine tuning of their expression might be a key prerequisite for cell homeostasis. We tested B cells from patients affected by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) for expression of Src family kinases. The T-cell–specific tyrosine kinase Lck was found to be expressed at significant levels in CLL B-cells. This finding could be accounted for either by ectopic expression of Lck in B-CLL or by specific expression of this kinase in normal B-1 cells, which are believed to be the normal counterpart of CLL B cells. To answer this question B cells from different sources, characterized by a different size of the B-1 subpopulation, were tested for Lck expression. The results show that Lck expression is a feature of CD5+, B-1 cells, suggesting a potential role for Lck in the self-renewal capacity of this B-cell subpopulation and supporting the notion that B-1 cells are the subset undergoing oncogenic transformation in B-CLL. Furthermore, we show that the CD5−, B-2 subpopulation, while normally lacking Lck expression, acquires the capacity to express Lck ectopically upon transformation by EBV.
Development of a Scalable Synthesis of a Serotonin Receptor Antagonist (2014)

An efficient process was developed for the manufacture of MSA100, a serotonin receptor antagonist, via a five-step synthetic route furnishing a high quality of active pharmaceutical ingredient. Highlights of this synthesis include: (1) replacing carcinogenic methyl iodide with methyl p-toluenesulfonate as the methylating reagent; (2) a hydrogenation protocol with optimized temperature, pressure, and mass-transfer conditions that avoided one side product and reduced the other one effectively; (3) chemical resolution employing D-camphoric acid in a mixed-solvent system; (4) amidation under anhydrous conditions for controlling a Michael adduct impurity; and (5) plausible mechanisms for the formation of side products.
Design of a fuel economy oriented vehicle longitudinal speed controller with optimal gear sequence (2016)

In this paper, a vehicle speed controller aiming at minimizing fuel consumption in car-following scenarios is developed. The optimal longitudinal control of torque and brake is calculated and applied under Model Predictive Control (MPC). For a given car-following distance modulation range, the controller searches for the optimal gear selection at each step in the prediction horizon to generate the minimum fuel control, and triggers gear shifts optimally by vehicle state. The search process with optimality in torque, brake, and gear all ensured is originally highly time consuming. However, in this study, a cooperative method is developed to achieve the optimal solution in real time. The numerically complicated problem is partitioned into a series of simplified subproblems by a deduction method. Fast quasi-optimal solutions are given to the subproblems using an optimal driving pattern derived by Pontryagin Minimum Principle (PMP). To solve for different speed scenarios, a Finite State Machine (FSM) is designed for problem partitioning and fast solving. As the result, the search space is efficiently narrowed down for each MPC step, and the computation speed is fast enough for real-time application. A simulation study shows that the developed controller can generate a fuel saving benefit of 14% for the tested scenarios.
Analysis of Microstructural Evolution During Directional Solidification of Ni-Base Superalloy CM247LC (2013)

The Ni-base superalloy CM247LC was directionally solidified (DS) using the Bridgman-type furnace to understand the effect of the chill plate on the microstructural evolution, such as dendrite arm spacing, microporosity, and MC-type carbide. The DS process was also modeled by the PROCAST to predict the solidification rate, thermal gradient, and resultant cooling rate in the entire length of the DS specimen. Due to the quenching effects of chill plate, four distinct areas were found to form in the specimen, in which the solidification rate was changed, during DS at a given withdrawal rate of 0.083 mm/s. Among the microstructural features investigated, the dendrite arm spacings and average size of the MC-type carbide near the chill plate were found to be influenced by the quenching effect of the chill plate. However, no significant influence was found on the size and volume fraction of microporosity, and the volume fraction of the MC-type carbide. The relationship between the microstructural features and the solidification variables was also analyzed and discussed on the basis of a combination of experimental and modeling results.
Synthetic recombinant bat SARS-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice (2020)

Defining prospective pathways by which zoonoses evolve and emerge as human pathogens is critical for anticipating and controlling both natural and deliberate pandemics. However, predicting tenable pathways of animal-to-human movement has been hindered by challenges in identifying reservoir species, cultivating zoonotic organisms in culture, and isolating full-length genomes for cloning and genetic studies. The ability to design and recover pathogens reconstituted from synthesized cDNAs has the potential to overcome these obstacles by allowing studies of replication and pathogenesis without identification of reservoir species or cultivation of primary isolates. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and recovery of the largest synthetic replicating life form, a 29.7-kb bat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (Bat-SCoV), a likely progenitor to the SARS-CoV epidemic. To test a possible route of emergence from the noncultivable Bat-SCoV to human SARS-CoV, we designed a consensus Bat-SCoV genome and replaced the Bat-SCoV Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) with the SARS-CoV RBD (Bat-SRBD). Bat-SRBD was infectious in cell culture and in mice and was efficiently neutralized by antibodies specific for both bat and human CoV Spike proteins. Rational design, synthesis, and recovery of hypothetical recombinant viruses can be used to investigate mechanisms of transspecies movement of zoonoses and has great potential to aid in rapid public health responses to known or predicted emerging microbial threats.
Fluorous Dienophiles Are Powerful Diene Scavengers in Diels—Alder Reactions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Can you spare 15 min? The measurable positive impact of a 15-min petting session on shelter dog well-being (2018)

It is well established that human interaction has positive effects on shelter dogs. This work set out to answer the question: “Does one 15-min petting session make a difference for shelter dogs?” Fifty-five dogs were subject to one 15-min petting session with one of five unfamiliar volunteers, in an observation room at a county animal shelter. Volunteers were instructed to interact with dogs in a controlled manner. Sessions were video recorded for later analysis of dog behavior. Saliva was collected before and after the session to assess change in cortisol concentrations. Cardiac activity was monitored throughout the session. Dog response to the interaction session was variable, but generally positive. Dogs were categorized into one of three interaction categories based on the amount of time they spent in actual physical contact with the volunteer: highly engaged (>75%), moderately engaged (50–75%) or indifferent (<50%). Generalized Linear Mixed models were used to assess changes in behavior or physiology from beginning (minutes 2 & 3) to end (minutes 14 & 15) of the session and also changes in salivary cortisol concentrations from pre- to post-session. There was no significant change in salivary cortisol concentrations (P > 0.05) from pre- to post- session. However, when comparing cardiac activity and behavior from the first two minutes to the last two minutes of the session, dogs had a decrease in heart rate (P < 0.0001), an increase in heart rate variability (HF: P = 0.0006, RMSSD: P = 0.0365, pNN50: P < 0.0001) and changes in behavior (decreases in soliciting contact P = 0.0124, standing P = 0.0225) associated with a positive state of relaxation. Given the results of this study it appears that the answer is: “Yes, 15 min does make a positive difference” for many shelter dogs when that time includes close interaction with a person petting and speaking to them in a calm manner.
Loss of function of the carbon catabolite repressor CreA leads to low but inducer‐independent expression from the feruloyl esterase B promoter in Aspergillus niger (2021)

Loss of function of CreA leads to low but inducer-independent expression from the faeB promoter in A. niger.
Laser-induced color printing on semicontinuous silver films: red, green and blue (2019)

Coloration using semicontinuous metal films has been explored recently and has shown far-reaching interest as a result of being inexpensive, environment-friendly, and non-bleaching. In this paper, we demonstrate the generation of bright colors through laser modification of semicontinuous Ag films. A palette of colors is obtained from blue through green, orange, up to red, and the potential exists to obtain other hues through varying the scan speed, number of pulses, energy density, power, and exposure time. This unique process can be applied to the macroscopic, mesoscopic and nanoscopic printing of innovatory fade-free artistic images as one example of application.
Recommending branded products from social media (2013)

E-commerce companies are increasingly encouraging their users to connect to social media venues such as Facebook and Pinterest. The main strategic goal of such social connections is to boost user interaction and adoption on social media. However only a few efforts have been focused so far on leveraging users' social profiles to personalize the e-commerce experience and to recommend products of interest. In this paper, we start exploring this topic by investigating if a user's social media profile can be used to predict and recommend what type of products and what brands the social user is more likely to buy. More specifically, we study the correlation between the brands liked by the user on social media sites and those purchased on an e-commerce site. We then leverage these correlations in a brand prediction system, showing that social media can be effectively used to recommend branded products when user-user collaborative filtering techniques are used.
Serum ionized magnesium and calcium levels in adult patients with seizures (2007)

We were able to show significantly lower Mg(2+) and higher ionized Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) ratios in seizure patients compared with a racially matched control group.
[Potential laser hazards to bystanders during photocoagulation]. (1993)

The authors measured reflected laser beams delivered by slit-lamp photocoagulator and binocular indirect ophthalmoscope laser delivery systems, to evaluate potential hazards to the eyes of bystanders. 514 nm laser beams were used; reflected laser beams were measured by a light power meter (Advantest: TQ8210). Reflected lasers were found to be hazardous at 1 meter from whitish tile when a 0.75 Watt laser beam was delivered by the binocular ophthalmoscope laser system, as in an operating room. At 1 meter from a wall in a photo-coagulating room for out-patients, the reflected laser beam was found to be well below hazardous levels. Reflections at 40 cm from a non-laser-coated Goldmann 3-mirror contact lens were 2.66 mW/cm2, which exceeds the exposure limits, when 0.3 W laser was delivered by the slit-lamp photocoagulator. This decreased 85-90% when the laser was reflected from a laser-coated lens. From the point of view of safety, it is recommended that laser surgeons replace non-laser-coated lenses with laser-coated ones.
Solution Copolymerization of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride System (1967)

スチレン(St)と無水マレイン酸(MAn)の溶液共重合反応について重合機構と溶媒効果を考察した。この重合系はラジカル禁止剤によって抑制され,重合速度はRp=k[M]1～1.3[I]0.5で表わされる。均一系に比べて不均一系での重合速度はきわきて大きいが,これは重合体粒子へのラジカル吸蔵が原因と考えられる。単量体混合時の紫外吸収スペクトルを連続変化法で解析すると,1:1の弱い電荷移動型錯体の形成が認められるが,MAnのような電子受容型単量体は芳香族系の電子供与型溶媒とも錯体を形成し,単量体反応性比を求めるとつぎに示すようになる。生成する共低重合体の組成は仕込み組成および溶媒種にかかわらず,ほぼ溶媒1:1となり,連鎖末端には元素分析および赤外スペクトル測定で溶媒切片が認められず,Stの重合で連鎖移動定数の大きいCCl4中の生成物でも塩素はまったく含まない。赤外でνC=C1630cm-1の定量からCCl4中の生成物では分子鎖長当り不飽和結合が約1.5個,アセトン中では0.5個となる。したがって,重合はポリハロゲン中では開始剤ラジカルが溶媒ラジカルを生じ,これが電荷移動型錯体の負電荷側から水素を引き抜く反応にはじまり,アセトンでは開始剤ラジカルが錯体へ付加して順次成長する機構により,また不均化停止で交媒停止速度定数が著しく大きいので,交媒停止が優先すると考えた。
Dry etching of ternary metal carbide TiAlC via surface modification using floating wire-assisted vapor plasma (2022)

Dry etching of ternary metal carbides TiAlC has been first developed by transferring from wet etching to dry etching using a floating wire (FW)-assisted Ar/ammonium hydroxide vapor plasma. FW-assisted non-halogen vapor plasma generated at medium pressure can produce high-density reactive radicals (NH, H, and OH) for TiAlC surface modifications such as hydrogenation and methylamination. A proposed mechanism for dry etching of TiAlC is considered with the formation of the volatile products from the modified layer.
Restoring Motor Neurons in Spinal Cord Injury With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2019)

Spinal cord injury is a devastating neurological disorder that damages motor, sensory, and autonomic pathways. Recent advances in stem cell therapy have allowed for the in vitro generation of motor neurons showing electrophysiological and synaptic activity, expression of canonical motor neuron biomarkers, and the ability to graft into spinal lesions. Clinical translation, especially the transplantation of motor neuron precursors in spinal lesions, has thus far been elusive because of stem cell heterogeneity and protocol variability, as well as a hostile microenvironment such as inflammation and scarring, which yield inconsistent pre-clinical results without a consensus best-practice therapeutic strategy. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in particular have lower ethical and immunogenic concerns than other stem cells, which could make them more clinically applicable. In this review, we focus on the differentiation of iPSCs into neural precursors, motor neuron progenitors, mature motor neurons, and motor neuron subtype fates. Previous reviews have summarized motor neuron development and differentiation, but an up-to-date summary of technological and experimental advances holding promise for bench-to-bedside translation, especially those targeting individual motor neuron subtypes in spinal cord injury, is currently lacking. We discuss biological mechanisms of motor neuron lineage, recent experimental protocols and techniques for motor neuron differentiation from iPSCs, and transplantation of neural precursors and motor neuron lineage cells in spinal cord lesions to restore motor function. We emphasize efficient, clinically safe, and personalized strategies for the application of motor neurons and their subtypes as therapy in spinal lesions.
Handbook of Layered Materials (2004)

Focusing on layered compounds at the core of materials intercalation chemistry, this reference comprehensively explores clays and other classes of materials exhibiting the ability to pillar, or establish permanent intracrystalline porosity within layers. It offers an authoritative presentation of their fundamental properties as well as summaries of
CompositeThree-MarkerAssayforEarlyDetectionofKidney Cancer (2013)

Background: Early detection of renal cell carcinoma using serum/plasma biomarkers remains challenging. To validate clinical performance of potential candidate markers for kidney tumors, three-marker assay composed of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), L-plastin (LCP1), and nonmetastatic cells 1 protein (NM23A) was evaluated. Methods: Patients with kidney cancer and control group were included in the clinical evaluation. Participants were divided into cohorts representing the training group of control group including healthy and benign tumors (n ¼ 102) and patients with kidney cancer (n ¼ 87) that were used to identify criteria for scoring. Then, we developed a three-marker assay that was validated with a cohort of test group samples (n ¼ 100). A scoring method based on the cut-point of each of the three markers was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the marker combination. Results: Plasma levels of NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A were highly elevated in patients with kidney cancer (P <0.0001). In 289 blind sample tests with control subjects (n ¼175) and patients with kidney cancer (n ¼114), the diagnostic accuracy of NNMT alone and the three-marker assay was 0.913 and 0.932, respectively. When 90% specificity was defined, the sensitivity of NNMT and the three-marker assay was 71.9% and 95.7%, respectively. The predictive value of the three-marker assay was 87.2% (þPPV) and 97% (� PPV). Conclusions: The composite assay with NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A was a promising novel serum marker assay for the early detection of malignant kidney tumors covering subtypes of RCC with high diagnostic characteristics. Impact: NNMT/LCP1/NM23A triple markers could be a helpful screening assay to detect early RCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(3); 390–8. � 2013 AACR.
Differential sensitivity of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission to modulation by nitric oxide in rat nucleus tractus solitarii (2006)

The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) is a key central link in control of multiple homeostatic reflexes. A number of studies have demonstrated that exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide (NO) within NTS regulates visceral function, but further understanding of the role of NO in the NTS is hampered by the lack of information about its intracellular actions. We studied effects of NO in acute rat brainstem slices. Aqueous NO solution (NO(aq)) potentiated electrically evoked excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs and IPSPs, respectively) in different neuronal subpopulations and, in some neurones, caused a depolarization. Similar effects were observed using the NO donor diethylamine NONOate (DEA/NO). The threshold NO concentration as determined using an NO electrochemical sensor was estimated as approximately 0.4 nm (EC(50) approximately 0.9 nm) for potentiating glutamatergic EPSPs but approximately 3 nm for monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs. Bath application of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) abolished NO(aq)- and DEA/NO-induced potentiation of evoked EPSPs, IPSPs and depolarization. All NO actions were mimicked by the non-NO-dependent guanylate cyclase activator Bay 41-2272. The effects of NO on EPSPs and IPSPs persisted in cells where postsynaptic sGC was blocked by ODQ and therefore were presynaptic, owing to a direct modulation of transmitter release combined with depolarization of presynaptic neurones. Therefore, while lower concentrations of NO may be important for fine tuning of glutamatergic transmission, higher concentrations are required to directly engage GABAergic inhibition. This differential sensitivity of excitatory and inhibitory connections to NO may be important for determining the specificity of the effects of this freely diffusible gaseous messenger.
Mutual ballasting: A novel technique for improved inductive system level IEC ESD stress performance for automotive applications (2013)

A new ESD failure mode under inductive IEC stress of automotive CAN pins is identified. Inductor saturation causes increase of the rise-time from ins to ~20ns, leading to non-uniform conduction in the bidirectional ESD circuit. A new mutual ballasting layout technique is introduced to recover the system level ESD performance.
Design for Manufacturability in the Nanometer Era (2018)

The design methodology called design for manufacturing (DFM) includes a set of techniques to modify the design of integrated circuits (ICs) in order to make them more manufacturable, i.e., to improve their functional yield, parametric yield, or their reliability. Traditionally, in the pre-nanometer era, DFM consisted of a set of different methodologies trying to enforce some soft design rules regarding the shapes and polygons of the physical layout of an IC product. The chapter focuses on the DFM requirements for technologies in the nanometer range where the spectrum of physical phenomena that may impact manufacturability of products is mind-boggling. It shows that the systematic characterization of these phenomena and their impact on IC yield and performance is of crucial importance for true DFM. Model-based, proactive DFM philosophy consists in the development of accurate, silicon-verified Yield loss mechanism (YLM) models that can evaluate the relative impact of each YLM and assess trade-offs.
Myocardial Fibrosis: Biomedical Research from Bench to Bedside (2017)

Myocardial fibrosis refers to a variety of quantitative and qualitative changes in the interstitial myocardial collagen network that occur in response to cardiac ischaemic insults, systemic diseases, drugs, or any other harmful stimulus affecting the circulatory system or the heart itself. Myocardial fibrosis alters the architecture of the myocardium, facilitating the development of cardiac dysfunction, also inducing arrhythmias, influencing the clinical course and outcome of heart failure patients. Focusing on myocardial fibrosis may potentially improve patient care through the targeted diagnosis and treatment of emerging fibrotic pathways. The European Commission funded the FIBROTARGETS consortium as a multinational academic and industrial consortium with the primary aim of performing a systematic and collaborative search of targets of myocardial fibrosis, and then translating these mechanisms into individualized diagnostic tools and specific therapeutic pharmacological options for heart failure. This review focuses on those methodological and technological aspects considered and developed by the consortium to facilitate the transfer of the new mechanistic knowledge on myocardial fibrosis into potential biomedical applications.