gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of α-aminophosphonic and α-aminophosphinic acids and derived dipeptides from 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-ones (1980)

4-Oxoazetidin-2-ylphosphonates and 4-oxoazetidin-2-ylphosphinates, obtained from the Arbusov reactions of 4-acetoxyazetidin-2-one and 4α-acetoxy-3β-phthalimidoazetidin-2-one with a variety of phosphites and phosphonites, were hydrolysed to β-phosphono- and β-phosphino-β-alanine derivatives which were converted into alanyl dipeptides; conditions for the sequential removal of protecting groups for carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, and amines were investigated.
A New Force Balanced Accelerometer Using Tunneling Tip Position Sensing (1993)

In this paper, we report the initial development of a single-axis bulk micromachined accelerometer. The device employs an electron tunneling tip as a position detector in a force feedback control system. Control electrodes are placed above and below the proof mass and act as electrostatic force plates. Using the force plates, the position of the proof mass relative to the tunneling tip can be controlled.
Cyclic 3?,5?-adenosine monophosphate modulates vascular endothelial cell migration (1987)

Using a modified Boyden chamber assay, we have examined the effect of cyclic nucleotides on bovine aortic endothelial cell migration in vitro. Dibutyrl cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (5 mM) inhibited endothelial cell random migration by 67% and inhibited fibronectin-induced chemotaxis by 75%. Agents which significantly stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in endothelial cell membranes were also effective inhibitors of endothelial cell migration. Timolol blocked both the isoproterenol-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase and the ability of isoproterenol to inhibit endothelial cell migration. Caffeine and isoproterenol together had a greater inhibitory effect on endothelial cell motility than either alone. These data suggest that cAMP may modulate vascular endothelial cell migration in an inhibitory fashion.
Abstract 5526: Epigenetic repolarization of T lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients using 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (2011)

Abstract T cell immune dysfunction has an important role in the profound immunosupression that characterizes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Improper polarization of T cells has been proposed as one of the mechanism involved. Mounting data implicates chromatin regulation, namely promoter methylation, in the plasticity of naïve human T cells. Recent in-vitro evidence indicates that this plasticity may be phenotypically altered by using methylation inhibitors which are approved for clinical use in certain types of cancer. These results beg the question: can the ineffective polarization of T lymphocytes in the context of CLL be effectively modulated using methylation inhibitors in a sustainable therapeutic fashion? To answer this question our laboratory has studied the effects of 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5A2) in helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy donors and CLL patients in well characterized molecular and epigenetic signaling pathways involved in effective polarization. Moreover, we sought to investigate the consequences of methylation inhibitor treatment on lymphocyte survival, activation intensity, and naïve cell polarization. Our data indicates that 5A2 treatment can repolarize Th2 cells to effectively secrete interferon gamma, signal via T-bet, and achieve demethylation of critical Th1 specific promoters. Moreover, we demonstrate that 5A2 can force Th1 polarization of naïve T cells despite a strong IL-4 stimuli and a lack of IL-12. In conclusion our data seeks to define a modality in which improper or ineffective T cell polarization can be altered by 5AZA and could be incorporated in future therapeutic interventions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5526. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5526
Supplementary Figure Legends 1- 4 from Intranodal Vaccination with Naked Antigen-Encoding RNA Elicits Potent Prophylactic and Therapeutic Antitumoral Immunity (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1- 4 from Intranodal Vaccination with Naked Antigen-Encoding RNA Elicits Potent Prophylactic and Therapeutic Antitumoral Immunity
Effects of Substitution on Counterflow Ignition and Extinction of C3 and C4 Alcohols (2016)

Dwindling reserves and inherent uncertainty in the price of conventional fuels necessitates a search for alternative fuels. Alcohols represent a potential source of energy for the future. The structural features of an alcohol fuel have a direct impact on combustion properties. In particular, substitution in alcohols can alter the global combustion reactivity. In this study, experiments and numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the critical conditions of extinction and autoignition of n-propanol, 1-butanol, iso-propanol, and iso-butanol in nonpremixed diffusion flames. Experiments were carried out in the counterflow configuration, while simulations were conducted using a skeletal chemical kinetic model for the C3 and C4 alcohols. The fuel stream consists of the prevaporized fuel diluted with nitrogen, while the oxidizer stream is air. The experimental results show that autoignition temperatures of the tested alcohols increase in the following order: iso-propanol > iso-butanol > 1-butanol ≈ n-propanol. The simulated results for the branched alcohols agree with the experiments, while the autoignition temperature of 1-butanol is slightly higher than that of n-propanol. For extinction, the experiments show that the extinction limits of the tested fuels increase in the following order: n-propanol ≈ 1-butanol > iso-butanol > iso-propanol. The model suggests that the extinction limits of 1-butanol are slightly higher than n-propanol with extinction strain rate of iso-butanol and iso-propanol maintaining the experimentally observed trend. The transport weighted enthalpy (TWE) and radical index (Ri) concepts were utilized to rationalize the observed reactivity trends for these fuels.
Production of bone cement composites: effect of fillers, co-monomer and particles properties (2011)

Artificial bone cements (BCs) based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) powders and methyl methacrylate (MMA) liquid monomer also present in their formulation small amounts of other substances, including a chemical initiator compound and radiopaque agents. Because inadequate mixing of the recipe components during the manufacture of the bone cement may compromise the mechanical properties of the final pieces, new techniques to incorporate the fillers into the BC and their effect upon the mechanical properties of BC pieces were investigated in the present study. PMMA powder composites were produced in-situ in the reaction vessel by addition of X-ray contrasts to the reacting MMA mixture. It is shown that this can lead to much better mechanical properties of test pieces, when compared to standard bone cement formulations, because enhanced dispersion of the radiopaque agents can be achieved. Moreover, it is shown that the addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) and acrylic acid (AA) to the bone cement recipe can be beneficial for the mechanical performance of the final material. It is also shown that particle morphology can exert a tremendous effect upon the performance of test pieces, indicating that the suspension polymerization step should be carefully controlled when optimization of the bone cement formulation is desired.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity in the Electrophile‐Promoted Cyclizations of a Hydroxyolefin Derived from Arabinose. Synthesis of a Phosphonate Isostere of β‐D‐Arabinose‐1,5‐diphosphate. (1985)

Abstract Aus (I) erhält man nach Wittig die Methylenverbindung (II), die zu den Brommethylverbindungen (III) und (IV) umgesetzt wird.
A Jacobi Based Method for Calculating the Steady State Characteristics of Non-Linear Circuit Elements (2017)

Typical power electronics for inductive power transfer systems consist of both linear and non-linear elements. For analysing the electric system, it is essential to calculate the characteristics of currents and voltages, which can get complex at the non-linearities. This paper presents a method based on the Jacobi iterative method, enhanced by an adaptation of state variables and combined with a frequency analysis in every step. This way, the periodic characteristics at non-linear elements can be computationally calculated with low effort. The proposed method has been validated by comparison with electric circuit simulator results.
Ferromagnetic Spin Coupling between Endohedral Metallofullerene La@C82 and a Cyclodimeric Copper Porphyrin upon Inclusion (2011)

The cyclic host cyclo-[P(Cu)](2) carrying two covalently connected Cu(II) porphyrin units can accommodate La@C(82), a paramagnetic endohedral metallofullerene, in its cavity to form the inclusion complex cyclo-[P(Cu)](2)⊃La@C(82), which can be transformed into the caged complex cage-[P(Cu)](2)⊃La@C(82) by ring-closing olefin metathesis of its side-chain olefinic termini. On the basis of electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron spin transient nutation (ESTN) studies, cyclo-[P(Cu)](2)⊃La@C(82) is the first ferromagnetically coupled inclusion complex featuring La@C(82), whereas cage-[P(Cu)](2)⊃La@C(82) is ferrimagnetic.
Bilayer aggregate microstructure determines viscoelasticity of lung surfactant suspensions (2021)

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is treated by intratracheal delivery of suspensions of animal-derived lung surfactant in saline. Lung surfactants are extracted via organic solvents from animal lung lavage, followed by solvent removal and surfactant re-hydration to form multi-bilayer particles suspended in saline. Following intra-tracheal administration, the surfactant suspension spreads throughout the lungs by surface tension gradient induced flow; the spreading rate is limited by suspension viscoelasticity. Here we examine the rheology of three clinical lung surfactant suspensions: Survanta (bovine lung), Curosurf (porcine lung), and Infasurf (calf lung). These surfactants have widely different rheological properties that depend on the lipid composition and bilayer organization. The steady shear viscosity is related to the bilayer particle volume fraction as for a suspension of hard spheres, but the lipid volume fraction is not simply related to the mass loading. Optical and electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering show that the viscosity variation is due to the temperature and composition dependent bilayer aggregate shapes and internal particle organization. Survanta forms crystalline bilayers at 37 °C, resulting in high aspect ratio asymmetric particles. Infasurf forms aggregates of unilamellar vesicles containing water pockets, while Curosurf forms onion-like multi-layered liposomes. While the mass loading of the three clinical surfactants is different, the different bilayer organization causes the particle volume fractions to be similar. Adding polyethylene glycol dehydrates and partially flocculates the bilayer aggregates in all suspensions, leading to smaller particle volume fractions and a reduced suspension viscosity even though the solvent viscosity increases almost six-fold.
Inhibition of the alternative oxidase stimulates H2O2 production in plant mitochondria (1997)

The hypothesis that a non-coupled alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria operates as an antioxygen defence mechanism [Purvis, A.C. and Shewfelt, R.L., Physiol. Plant. 88 (1993) 712-718; Skulachev, V.P., Biochemistry (Moscow) 59 (1994) 1433-1434] has been confirmed in experiments on isolated soybean and pea cotyledon mitochondria. It is shown that inhibitors of the alternative oxidase, salicyl hydroxamate and propyl gallate strongly stimulate H2O2 production by these mitochondria oxidizing succinate. Effective concentrations of the inhibitors proved to be the same as those decreasing the cyanide-resistant respiration. The inhibitors proved to be ineffective in stimulating H2O2 formation in rat liver mitochondria lacking the alternative oxidase.
Synthesis of 9-Methoxy-1,6-diazaphenalene (1982)

A new e n t r y i n t o the 1,6-diazaphenalene r i n g system fi carbonylation of the anion derived from 4-methyl-5-amino-6-methoxyquinoline 6 i s described.This method permits the preparation o f 1.6-diazaphenalene d e r i v a t i v e s n o t e a s i l y accessib l e through s u b s t i t u t i o n reactions on the parent heterocycle.Recently we reported the synthesis o f the new heterocycle 1,6-diazaphenalene 1.' I n t e r - e s t i n t h i s molecule stems from t h e d e s i r e t o u t i l i z e i t as a template f o r the construction of p o t e n t i a l a n t i m a l a r i a l s r e l a t e d t o the 8-aminoquinolines.2H); mass spectrum (c.I., N H ~) 231 (Mtl, ~o d j .
Low-loss Waveguide Bend Supporting a Whispering Gallery Mode (2023)

A low-loss waveguide bend is experimentally demonstrated to reduce the loss in a circular bend from 0.372 ± 0.032 dB to 0.016 ± 0.003 dB. Moreover, A ring resonator based on this design is demonstrated with an FSR of 21.51 ± 0.01 nm in the O-band while keeping a low ring internal loss of 0.038 ± 0.003 dB.
<title>Optical design and optimization of a high-performance laser printhead</title> (1999)

The fundamental considerations involved in the design of a print engine, or of a printer component such as a laser printhead, arise from visual acuity characteristics of the human visual system and from the physics of interaction of light with scattering/absorbing media. For production of gray-scale images, the visual system imposes strict limitations on unintended luminance variations, both in contrast magnitude and in spatial distribution. Unintended variations in size, spacing, and lightness of the picture elements composing the image are a major source of image degradation. Further, the scattering of light in a medium such as paper leads to the Yule-Nielsen Effect in which the surface luminance of paper between picture elements is altered in a non-linear way as pixel-to-pixel spacing or pixel size changes.
The PAPR Problem in OFDM Transmission: New Directions for a Long-Lasting Problem (2013)

Energy efficiency matters in future mobile communications networks. The key driving factor is the growing energy cost of network operations that can make up as much as 50% of the total operational cost today [1]. In the context of green information and communication technology (ICT), this has led to many global initiatives such as the Green Touch consortium.
Modeling the Effects of Pelvis/Hip/Femur Position on the Risk of Injury in Automotive Collisions (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A detailed finite element model of the human pelvis and lower extremities was developed based on anatomic data from the NIH-sponsored Visible Human Project. Anatomic slices were digitized and converted through a multi-step process into a fully hexahedral element finite element mesh. A procedure was also developed to rotate the femur about the center of rotation of its head to provide various degrees of hip flexion/extension and abduction/adduction. A preliminary series of simulations was conducted using LSDYNA to investigate the effects of hip position on the contact area within the joint and the associated stress levels in the surrounding bony structures. Results suggest that the risk of femoral neck fracture increases as the amount of hip abduction increases.&lt;/div&gt;
Nuclear Localization of Flavonoid Enzymes in Arabidopsis (2005)

Flavonoids represent one of the oldest, largest, and most diverse families of plant secondary metabolites. These compounds serve a wide range of functions in plants, from pigmentation and UV protection to the regulation of hormone transport. Flavonoids also have interesting pharmacological activities in animals that are increasingly being characterized in terms of effects on specific proteins or other macromolecules. Although flavonoids are found in many different locations both inside and outside the cell, biosynthesis has long been believed to take place exclusively in the cytoplasm. Recent reports from a number of different plant species have documented the presence of flavonoids in nuclei, raising the possibility of novel mechanisms of action for these compounds. Here we present evidence that not only flavonoids, but also at least two of the biosynthetic enzymes, are located in the nucleus in several cell types in Arabidopsis. This is the first indication that differential targeting of the biosynthetic machinery may be used to regulate the deposition of plant secondary products at diverse sites of action within the cell.
Baroreflex Sensitivity Is Reduced in Depression (2005)

These data indicate that BRS is impaired in otherwise healthy patients with depression and may contribute to their increased cardiac risk.
Distance and vehicle speed estimation in OFDM multipath channels (2016)

A method for joint estimation of the speed of a vehicle and its distance to a road side unit (RSU) for narrowband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems is presented. Spatial filtering and a Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm are developed for distance estimation. The vehicle speed is calculated using a kinematics model based on the estimated distance. Numerical simulations show a highly accurate distance and vehicle speed estimation.
PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF SINGLE‐STRAND BREAKS IN pBR322 DNA BY ROSE BENGAL (1989)

Rose bengal photosensitized the formation of frank single-strand breaks (SSBs) in double-stranded, supercoiled pBR322 DNA as measured by neutral agarose electrophoresis. The yield of SSBs followed first order kinetics with respect to light fluence and dye concentration. The efficiency of cleavage was more than 20 times greater in an argon atmosphere than in an oxygen atmosphere. The quantum yield in an air atmosphere was 1.7 (+/- 0.3) X 10(-8). Sodium azide quenched the cleavage more efficiently in an oxygen atmosphere than when the oxygen concentration was reduced. Isopropanol and mannitol were poor quenchers; ribose-5-phosphate and guanosine-5'-monophosphate did not quench the cleavage. Substituting D2O for H2O increased the yield of SSBs in both oxygen and oxygen-depleted atmospheres. The results are consistent with initiation of cleavage by reaction of the triplet state of rose bengal (or a radical derived from it) with DNA. In the presence of oxygen, an additional mechanism is introduced.
Perkin 1 Astracts: Natural Product Synthesis (2001)

J. E. Milne, M. de Puit and D. McAurthur, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2001, 2-xv DOI: 10.1039/B010200H
Cathepsin G Inhibitor Prevents Ultraviolet B- Induced Photoaging in Hairless Mice via Inhibition of Fibronectin Fragmentation (2012)

Cathepsin G inhibitors may be useful for the prevention of UVB-induced photoaging through amelioration of ECM damage and MMP upregulation.
A Combined Stress Model for the Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Clamp Loads in Bolted Joints Under a Cyclic Separating Force (2006)

In this paper, a nonlinear combined stress model is established for a typical bolted joint for the purpose of studying its behavior under a separating service load. The combined effect of axial and torsional stresses in the tightened threaded fastener is considered. A new approach for the analysis of the clamping force loss is proposed under different pre-tightening with different thread friction coefficient and different separating loading. The_nonlinear model is established based on the elasto-perfectly plasticity in order to describe the fastener behavior over the yielding of its material, and to determine the relationship between the axial bolt force and elongation under tightening and the separating loading with specific twist angle, and to predict the clamp force loss due to the permanent set in the fastener after the separating force has been removed. The nonlinear relationship between the bolt axial force and the bolt elongation depends on the initial twist angle and the tightening preload. Finally, the effects_of the fastener pre-tightening, the initial twist angle and the bolt and joint members' elastic properties on the amount of clamp load loss are investigated.
Chloroform Extract of Rasagenthi Mezhugu, a Siddha Formulation, as an Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine for HPV-Positive Cervical Cancers (2011)

Rasagenthi Mezhugu (RGM) is a herbomineral formulation in the Siddha system of traditional medicine and is prescribed in the southern parts of India as a remedy for all kinds of cancers. However, scientific evidence for its therapeutic efficacy in cervical cancer is lacking, and it contains heavy metals. To overcome these limitations, RGM was extracted, and the fractions were tested on HPV-positive cervical cancer cells, ME-180 and SiHa. The extracts, free from the toxic heavy metals, affected the viability of both the cells. The chloroform fraction (cRGM) induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Mitochondria-mediated apoptosis was indicated. Though both the cells responded to the treatment, ME-180 was more responsive. Thus, this study brings up scientific evidence for the efficacy of RGM against the HPV-mediated cervical cancer cells and, if the toxic heavy metals are the limitation in its use, cRGM would be a suitable candidate as evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine for HPV-positive cervical cancers.
MDM2 oncogene as a target for cancer therapy: An antisense approach. (1999)

The MDM2 oncogene is amplified or overexpressed in human cancers. It has also been suggested that MDM2 levels are associated with poor prognosis of several human cancers. The MDM2 oncoprotein binds to the p53 tumor suppressor protein and serves as a negative regulator of p53. The p53 tumor suppressor also has an important role in cancer therapy, with p53-mediated apoptosis being a major mechanism of action for many clinically used cancer chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy. Therefore, the negative regulation of p53 by MDM2 may limit the magnitude of p53 activation by DNA damaging agents, thereby limiting their therapeutic effectiveness. The investigators hypothesize that, by inhibiting MDM2 expression, the MDM2 oncoprotein level will be reduced and the MDM2 negative feedback inhibition of p53 will be diminished, resulting in a significant increase of functional p53 levels that will modulate p53-mediated therapeutic effects. The overall objective of the present study was to investigate the functions of MDM2 oncogene in tumor growth and the potential value of MDM2 as a drug target for cancer therapy. The role of MDM2 in tumor growth is determined by inhibiting MDM2 expression in in vivo models of human cancers. The in vivo synergistically therapeutic effects of MDM2 inhibition and DNA damaging agents were also evaluated. Significant in vitro antitumor activities were found in cell lines, human osteosarcoma SJSA and choriocarcinoma JAR, in a time-, concentration-, and sequence-dependent manner. Following i.p. administration of anti-MDM2 antisense oligonucleotides, in vivo antitumor activity was observed in nude mice bearing SJSA and JAR xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo synergistically therapeutic effects of MDM2 inhibition and DNA damaging agents adriamycin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin were observed. This study should provide the basis for future development of anti-MDM2 antisense oligonucleotides as cancer therapeutic agents used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics.
Tandem Solar Cells: Improved Tandem All‐Polymer Solar Cells Performance by Using Spectrally Matched Subcells (Adv. Energy Mater. 14/2018) (2018)

In article 1703291, Jianyu Yuan, Guillermo C. Bazan, Wanli Ma, and co-workers, prepare efficient all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) assisted by a tandem device structure. The efficient all-PSCs with near-infrared response (up to 850 nm) using newly designed narrow bandgap regioregular polymer donors are described. They afford the opportunity to fabricate spectrally matched all-polymer tandem solar cells with an efficiency of 8.3%.