gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Endogenous Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase Inhibitor, G-Substrate, Reduces Vulnerability in Models of Parkinson's Disease (2007)

Relative neuronal vulnerability is a universal yet poorly understood feature of neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease, dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) (A9) are particularly vulnerable, whereas adjacent DA neurons within the ventral tegmental area (A10) are essentially spared. Our previous laser capture microdissection and microarray study (Chung et al., 2005) demonstrated that molecular differences between these DA neurons may underlie their differential vulnerability. Here we show that G-substrate, an endogenous inhibitor of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, exhibits higher expression in A10 compared with A9 DA neurons in both rodent and human midbrain. Overexpression of G-substrate protected dopaminergic BE(2)-M17 cells against toxins, including 6-OHDA and MG-132 (carbobenzoxy-L-leucyl- L-leucyl-L-leucinal), whereas RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of endogenous G-substrate increased their vulnerability to these toxins. G-substrate reduced 6-OHDA-mediated protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activation in vitro and increased phosphorylated levels of PP2A targets including Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 but not p38. RNAi to Akt diminished the protective effect of G-substrate against 6-OHDA. In vivo, lentiviral delivery of G-substrate to the rat SN increased baseline levels of phosphorylated Akt and protected A9 DA neurons from 6-OHDA-induced toxicity. These results suggest that inherent differences in the levels of G-substrate contribute to the differential vulnerability of DA neurons and that enhancing G-substrate levels may be a neuroprotective strategy for the vulnerable A9 (SN) DA neurons in Parkinson's disease.
Gas Entrainment at Free Surface of Liquid, (II) (1988)

The onset conditions of vortex-induced air entrainment were investigated for the suction flow into a vertical drawing pipe in a cylindrical test vessel. It was found that the onset conditions can be represented by the following two types of empirical criteria: Ro n= a1.52 (H/D)−1.52 for large Fr Fr n=0.847 (H/D)−0.84 for large Ro (a=1.9 × 10−4/D, c=0.14/D) where D is the inner diameter of the suction pipe in the unit of meter, H the submergence, Fr the Froude number (= V 1 2/gH), and Ro the rotational Froude number (=C ∞ 2/gH 3). The subscript n on Ro and Fr denotes the onset correlations derived independently from the relation between Ro and H/D and the relation between Fr and H/D. From visual observation and theoretical consideration, it was found that the above two criteria come from the fact that the onset conditions are dominated by the following two factors: whether the air core formed by vortex reaches the pipe, and whether the water flow in the suction pipe is fast enough for the flow to draw bubbles downward. By combining the two onset criteria into single correlation and comparing it with experimental data, the following correlation was derived log10(Fr/Fr n)log10(Ro/Ro n)=h (h=5.71×10−4(H/D)1.54). It was confirmed that this correlation represents all the experimental data well.
Supplemental Figure 1 from Colon Cancer Growth and Dissemination Relies upon Thrombin, Stromal PAR-1, and Fibrinogen (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. Comparison of tumor growth following injection of MC38 cells&lt;/p&gt;
Robust Algorithms for DOA Estimation and Adaptive Beamforming in Wireless Mobile Communications (2011)

This paper presents a tool for the modelling, analysis and simulation of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and adaptive beamforming needed in the design of smart antenna arrays for wireless mobile communications. The developed tool implements the Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) algorithm for DOA estimation and the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm for adaptive beamforming. Performance of each algorithm is investigated with respect to the variation of a number of parameters that related to the signal environment and sensor array. Results of numerical simulation are useful for the design of smart antennas systems with optimal performance. Hence, the developed simulation tool can be used to improve and accelerate the design of wireless networks. It can also be used for computer-aided learning of modern communication systems utilizing smart antenna arrays. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
CT of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: imaging characteristics and inter-rater agreement (2019)

Hepatoma Research is an open access journal and focuses on all topics related to hepatoma. The following articles are especially welcome: pathogenesis, clinical examination and early diagnosis of hepatoma, complications of hepatoma, and their preventions and treatments, etc.
GEMS: a web server for biclustering analysis of expression data (2005)

The advent of microarray technology has revolutionized the search for genes that are differentially expressed across a range of cell types or experimental conditions. Traditional clustering methods, such as hierarchical clustering, are often difficult to deploy effectively since genes rarely exhibit similar expression pattern across a wide range of conditions. Biclustering of gene expression data (also called co-clustering or two-way clustering) is a non-trivial but promising methodology for the identification of gene groups that show a coherent expression profile across a subset of conditions. Thus, biclustering is a natural methodology as a screen for genes that are functionally related, participate in the same pathways, affected by the same drug or pathological condition, or genes that form modules that are potentially co-regulated by a small group of transcription factors. We have developed a web-enabled service called GEMS (Gene Expression Mining Server) for biclustering microarray data. Users may upload expression data and specify a set of criteria. GEMS then performs bicluster mining based on a Gibbs sampling paradigm. The web server provides a flexible and an useful platform for the discovery of co-expressed and potentially co-regulated gene modules. GEMS is an open source software and is available at http://genomics10.bu.edu/terrence/gems/.
Characterization and localization of leptin receptors in the rat kidney (1997)

Characterization and localization of leptin binding sites were investigated in rat kidneys using [125I]leptin as a ligand. [125I]Leptin specific binding was found in high amounts in rat renomedullary membranes. This binding was specific, saturable, time-dependent (K(obs) = 0.055 +/- 0.008 min(-1)) and the dissociation of receptor-bound ligand was slowly reversible (K(-1) = 0.048 +/- 0.013 min(-1)). From saturation experiments, a single class of high-affinity binding sites for leptin was identified with an apparent K(d) of 0.57 +/- 0.14 nM and a B(max) of 45 +/- 10 fmol/mg protein. [125I]Leptin binding was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by cold leptin and was highly selective since not displaceable by a number of other hormones or peptides. Autoradiographic experiments performed on adult rat kidney sections showed the intense presence of [125I]leptin receptors only in specific areas of the renal inner medulla and also consistent labeling associated with vascular structures in the corticomedullary region. The study of the postnatal developmental expression of leptin receptors in the kidney showed very low expression during the early postnatal period (8-21 days). Full expression of leptin sites was achieved at about 30 days and remained stable throughout adulthood (60 days and upwards). Moreover, in vivo administration of leptin (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) induced a significant and rapid diuretic effect in normally hydrated conscious rats. Thus, these data constitute the first characterization and mapping of [125I]leptin specific binding sites in the rat kidney and raise the possibility of a renal control by leptin.
ChemInform Abstract: 1β‐Methyl‐2‐(5‐substituted pyrrolidin‐3‐ylthio)carbapenems. Part 2. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 5‐Aminopropyl and 5‐ Aminopropenyl Pyrrolidine Derivatives. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of the dependence of optical response time of liquid‐crystal displays on the viewing direction (2008)

Abstract— The optical response time of liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) has recently been observed to be dependent on the viewing direction. For the vertically aligned LC mode, response time increased as the viewing angle increased when the final state is the zero gray level of the minimum luminance. This change in response time is analyzed to relate to the deformation of the normalized luminance curve of LCDs for different viewing directions. The dependency trends of the optical response time for the oblique direction can be estimated from the temporal luminance measurement data along the normal direction and the normalized luminance curve for oblique viewing directions.
A study on interworking scenarios between ATM-based MPLS network and IPOA/LANE network (2002)

This paper proposes the architecture and procedure for interworking scenarios between classical IP over ATM and LAN emulation (IPOA/LANE) network and ATM-based MPLS network. We propose the ATM label edge router (ATM-LER) system both for layer 2 and layer 3 interworking scenarios. We suggest the label switched path (LSP) setup procedure and the packet transmission procedure between the ATM-based multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network and the classical IPOA/LANE network.
Effect of regional heterogeneities on inversion stability and estimated hydraulic properties field (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Hydraulic tomography showed great potential on estimating the spatial distribution of heterogeneous aquifer properties in the last decade. &amp;amp;#160;Though this method is highly performant on synthetic studies, the transition from an application to synthetic models to real field applications is often associated to numerical instabilities. Inversion techniques can also suffer from ill-posedness and non-uniqueness of the estimates since several solutions might correctly mimic the observed hydraulic data. In this work, we investigate the origin of the instabilities observed when trying to perform HT using real field drawdown data. We firstly identify the cause of these instabilities. We then use different approaches, where one is proposed, in order to regain inverse model stability, which also allows to estimate different hydraulic property fields at local and regional scales. Results show that ill-posed models can lead into inversion instability while different approaches that limit these instabilities may lead into different estimates. The study also shows that the late time hydraulic responses are strongly linked to the boundary conditions and thus to the regional heterogeneity. Accordingly, the use on these late-time data in inversion might require a larger dimension of the inverted domain, so that it is recommended to position the boundary conditions of the forward model far away from the wells. Also, the use of the proposed technique might provide a performant tool to obtain a satisfying fitting of observation, but also to assess both the site scale heterogeneity and the surrounding variabilities.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
234Models for VEGF-B induced physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy (2018)

pharmacological inhibition of the inositol triphosphate (IP3)-activated calcium channel or the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Gain of function studies confirm that myocardin can desensitize myocytes to permeability transition elicited by protein kinase-A (PKA) activating agents by opposing SR calcium release. Furthermore, restoring microRNA-133a function with mimicking oligonucleotides, or knockdown of Nix rescues mitochondrial calcium accumulation induced by myocardin knockdown. Molecular studies using Nix constructs targeted to the SR or mitochondria revealed that only SR-targeted Nix leads to mitochondrial calcium accumulation, which could be attenuated by SR-targeted Bcl-2, but not mitochondrial-targeted Bcl-2. Finally, we observed reduced myocardin expression in vivo within the infarction border zone following coronary ligation in rodents, with corresponding reduced microRNA-133a and elevated Nix expression. These findings identify a novel myocardin-regulated genetic pathway that maintains cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function during development, and is attenuated during ischemic heart disease.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization of chromatin interactions in benign and tumour tissue.&lt;/p&gt;
Isolation and molecular characterization of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli from chicken meat in Pakistan (2022)

The goal of this study was to find E. coli, a prevalent pathogen that causes food-borne illnesses, in chicken samples (n = 500) collected from three districts in KhyberPukhtunkhwa: Mardan, Swabi, and Swat. The E. coli isolates were identified by Gram staining, API strips and Universal Stress Protein. A total of 412 samples tested positive for E. coli and were sensitive to MEM, TZP, and FOS as evidenced by disc diffusion method. The isolates were resistant to TE, NOR, and NA with statistically significant results (P≤0.05). The isolates showed the presence of different antibiotic resistance genes; blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M15, blaTEM-1, QnrS, TetA, AAC, AAD, Sul1 and Sul2. The results revealed mutations in blaOXA-1 gene (H81Q), blaTEM-1 (C108Y, T214A, K284E and P301S), QnrS (H95R) and Sul2 (E66A). The findings of this study may be helpful in better management of E. coli infections by physicians.
The Use of Wetting Agents/Fume Suppressants for Minimizing the Atmospheric Emissions from Hard Chromium Electroplating Baths (2004)

Abstract : The primary objective of this investigation was to test the effectiveness of a wetting agent/fume suppressant (WA/FS), Fumetrol 140, in suppressing the evolution of hexavalent chromium mist from the surface of a hard chromium electroplating tank. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect that Fumetrol(trademark) 140 has on the substrates being plated and on the chromium electroplate. Adding Fumetrol 140 to the electroplating tank at a concentration of 0.25 percent significantly changes the surface tension of the liquid, reducing the size of the bubbles formed, and thereby reducing the amount of misting. If chromium emissions can be reduced significantly using WA/FS, there will be a savings in the amount of chromic acid purchased, and the need for APCDs may be minimized or eliminated.
B segregation to grain boundaries and diffusion in polycrystalline Si with flash annealing (2012)

Three-dimensional atom probe tomography was used to characterize the segregation of B dopant atoms to grain boundaries in polycrystalline Si after flash-assisted rapid thermal annealing. Tomographic reconstructions allowed direct measurement of segregation coefficients, which were found to be greater at lower flash temperatures with thermal budgets that limit grain growth. Hall measurements confirmed the deactivation of B at the grain boundaries, while secondary ion mass spectrometry was used to measure B diffusion in the film. Experimental parameters were then simulated in a diffusion model which accurately predicts the diffusion of B in polycrystalline Si at flash temperatures of 1150 °C, 1250 °C, and 1350 °C, as well as with conventional rapid thermal annealing.
Function of Extracellular Loop 2 in Rhodopsin:  Glutamic Acid 181 Modulates Stability and Absorption Wavelength of Metarhodopsin II (2002)

The second extracellular loop of rhodopsin folds back into the membrane-embedded domain of the receptor to form part of the binding pocket for the 11-cis-retinylidene chromophore. A carboxylic acid side chain from this loop, Glu181, points toward the center of the retinal polyene chain. We studied the role of Glu181 in bovine rhodopsin by characterizing a set of site-directed mutants. Sixteen of the 19 single-site mutants expressed and bound 11-cis-retinal to form pigments. The lambda(max) value of mutant pigment E181Q showed a significant spectral red shift to 508 nm only in the absence of NaCl. Other substitutions did not significantly affect the spectral features of the mutant pigments in the dark. Thus, Glu181 does not contribute significantly to spectral tuning of the ground state of rhodopsin. The most likely interpretation of these data is that Glu181 is protonated and uncharged in the dark state of rhodopsin. The Glu181 mutants displayed significantly increased reactivity toward hydroxylamine in the dark. The mutants formed metarhodopsin II-like photoproducts upon illumination but many of the photoproducts displayed shifted lambda(max) values. In addition, the metarhodopsin II-like photoproducts of the mutant pigments had significant alterations in their decay rates. The increased reactivity of the mutants to hydroxylamine supports the notion that the second extracellular loop prevents solvent access to the chromophore-binding pocket. In addition, Glu181 strongly affects the environment of the retinylidene Schiff base in the active metarhodopsin II photoproduct.
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Structure and Stability of Disordered (Cu<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{\bf 2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>SnS<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{\bf 3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) <inline-formula><tex-math>$_{\bf 1-x}$</tex-math></inline-formula>(ZnS)<inline-formula><tex-math>$_{\bf x}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Alloys (2014)

Secondary phase segregation is hypothesized to have detrimental impacts on Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ZnSnS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (CZTS) thin-film solar cells. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of using kinetic stabilization to inhibit phase decomposition in CZTS. By growing CZTS films at low temperature, we achieve a kinetically stabilized alloy with an expanded solid solution window in the pseudoternary CuS-ZnS-SnS phase diagram. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we study the structural evolution and stability of this metastable alloy upon annealing. For near-stoichiometric samples, we observe a continuous emergence of short-range order toward crystalline CZTS that is nearly complete after a 1-min anneal at 450 °C. For Zn-rich samples, we detect precipitation of ZnS upon annealing, which suggests that the excess Zn exists as cation antisite defects in metastable CZTS.
Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (2022)

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection (HFpEF) constitutes a large and growing proportion of patients with HF around the world, and is now responsible for more than half of all HF cases in ageing societies. While classically described as a condition of elderly, hypertensive women, recent studies suggest heterogeneity in clinical phenotypes involving differential characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite a paucity of disease-modifying therapy for HFpEF, an understanding of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients with HFpEF around the world provides the foundation to recognise the clinical condition for early treatment, as well as to identify modifiable risk factors for preventive intervention. This review summarises the epidemiology of HFpEF, its common clinical features and risk factors, as well as differences by age, comorbidities, race/ethnicity and geography.
The Deterioration Phenomenon of Amorphous InSnZnO Transistors Derived from the Process of Annealing (2013)

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) with transparent amorphous indium-tin-zinc-oxide (a-ITZO) channel were fabricated. The field effect mobility (μ) of the a-ITZO TFT was more than 15.0 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is higher than the generally reported value of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) TFT. However, μ deteriorated with a decreasing channel length of the a-ITZO TFT due to the annealing process after patterning of the ITZO. We studied the effects of the annealing process on the contact resistance between the a-ITZO film and the source/drain electrodes. A transmission line method (TLM) chart indicated that the parasitic resistances between the source/drain electrode and the back-channel region of the a-ITZO was 2 × 104 Ω.
Synergistic effect of zeolite in an intumescence process: study of the carbonaceous structures using solid-state NMR (1996)

This work deals with the chemical effect of zeolite 4A added to the intumescent ammonium polyphosphate (APP)–pentaerythritol (PER) system [fire retardant (FR) polyethylene-based formulation]. The study of the thermal behaviour of the system using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis shows that the presence of the zeolite leads to an increase in the stability of the material at high temperature (T > 500 °C). Chemical analysis and cross-polarisation dipolar-decoupled magic-angle spinning (CP–DD–MAS)13C NMR reveals that the materials resulting from the thermal treatment of the APP–PER and APP–PER/4A systems are formed by carbonaceous and phosphocarbonaceous species and that the zeolite enhances the stability of the phosphocarbonaceous species. DD–MAS 31P NMR indicates that this stability may be due to an absence of pyrophosphate species in the heat-treated APP–PER/4A system. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and 1H NMR of the solid state provides information on the structure of the carbonaceous material. Thermal treatment led to the formation of a ‘turbostatic carbon’ with a local structure of this ‘carbon species’, with the zeolite permitting retention of the comparatively unorganised carbon species in the high-temperature range. Moreover, a low-resolution solid-state 1H NMR study of the spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxations of the samples allows an evaluation of the size of the slow relaxation domains using the Goldman–Shen procedure. It is shown that the zeolite hinders the formation of small molecules in the polyaromatic network. Finally, the relationship between the formation of a coherent macromolecular network and the improved FR performance of the APP–PER/4A system is proposed.