gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced complexity spatio-temporal scalable motion compensated wavelet video encoding (2003)

Motion compensated wavelet (MC-Wavelet) video coding provides high coding efficiency and robustness along with spatio-temporal-SNR-complexity scalability. Such schemes use a multi-resolution motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) decomposition along with the spatial wavelet transform to remove video redundancy. These multi-resolution transforms partition the spatio-temporal sequence-volume into regions corresponding to desired spatial and temporal resolutions. In this paper, we present a novel method for reducing the motion estimation complexity in MC wavelet coders by selecting adaptively different spatio-temporal decomposition structures and temporal motion vector prediction schemes. We present results to highlight the reduction in encoder complexity.
Random Number Generation using SDRAM (2010)

Cryptographic keys for security should be generated by true random number generators that apply irreversible hashing algorithms to initial values taken from a random source. As DRAM shows randomness in its access latency, it can be used as a random source. However, systems with synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) do not easily expose such randomness resulting in highly clustered random numbers. We resolved this problem by using the xor instruction. Statistical testing shows that the generated random bits have the quality comparable to true random bit sequences. The performance of bit generation is at the order of 100 Kbits/sec. Since the proposed random number generation requires neither external devices nor any special circuits, this method may be used in any computing device that employs DRAM.
<title>Image quality in digital phase contrast imaging using a tungsten anode x-ray tube with small focal-spot size</title> (2002)

Phase contrast x-ray imaging has been studied intensively using x-rays from synchrotron radiation and micro-focus x- ray rubes. However, these studies have revealed the difficulty of this technique's application to practical medical imaging. We have created a phase contrast imaging technique using practical x-ray tubes with small focal spot sizes. In a previous study, we identified the radiographic conditions for phase contrast magnification mammography with screen-film systems, where the edge effect due to phase contrast outweighs the geometrical unsharpness introduced by the 0.1mm-focal spot of a molybdenum-anode x-ray tube. In the present study, phase contrast images of a hand and a chest phantoms were obtained using computed radiography and a geometrical magnification of two using a tungsten-anode x- ray tube with a 0.1mm-focal spot. The digital images were printed so that objects were reproduced at their original size. Compared to conventional digital contact images obtained at the same x-ray dose, the life-sized digital phase contrast x-ray images displayed improved sharpness and resolution, and reduced grain. We describe the empirical results of digital phase contrast imaging, and discuss these performance improvements through simulation including x-ray scatter.
Search for the production of fractionally charged particles ine+e−annihilations ats=10.5GeV (1989)

We report the results of a search for particles with electric charge $Q=\frac{2}{3}e$ produced in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilations at $W=10.5$ GeV. The ratio of the cross section for the inclusive production of fractionally charged particles ($q$) to the dimuon point cross section, ${R}_{q}=\frac{\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}qX)}{\ensuremath{\sigma}({e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}})}$, is found to have an upper limit at 90% confidence level of 1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for masses less than 3.5 GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$.
Synthesis of the First Sulfur‐35‐Labeled hERG Radioligand. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cisplastin (C) and ifosfamide (I) chemotherapy with vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCBT) for treatment of uterine carcinosarcoma. (2010)

5123 Background: Uterine carcinosarcoma is an uncommon and aggressive type of uterine cancer with a poor prognosis. The purpose of this retrospective study is to report the efficacy and tolerability of C and I chemotherapy with VCBT in the treatment of uterine carcinosarcoma at Yale-New Haven Hospital (YNHH). Methods: Patients (pts) diagnosed with uterine carcinosarcoma in years 1996-2008 were identified through the Tumor Board Registry of YNHH. Demographic and clinical data including stage, histology, grade, dose, cycles, need for dose reduction, toxicities, comorbidities, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were obtained. Pts received C 40 mg/m2 on day 1 and I 1.2 mg/m2 daily on days 1 to 4 with Mesna every 4 weeks for 6 cycles. High-dose rate intracavitary VCBT was delivered with a vaginal cylinder. A total of 14 Gy was delivered in 2 fractions of 7 Gy each prescribed to a depth of 0.5 cm. The two fractions were administered 2 weeks apart in cycle 1 and 2. Results: A total of 29 pts treated with C and I were identified, and 23 of 29 pts received VCBT. Median age of pts is 65 (range 40-82). Sixteen pts (54.8%) with stage I/II, 8 (27.6%) stage III, and 5 (17.2%) with stage IV disease. Eighteen (62%) pts completed C and I without a dose reduction, 6 required a dose reduction, while 5 required early termination (3 of 5 pts completed < 5 cycles). At median follow up of 19 month (range 6-73), disease progression occurred in 9 pts (31%) and death occurred in 7 pts. With VCBT, no isolated vaginal failures were identified. Documented grade 3 toxicities included neutropenia (17%), anemia (14%), thrombocytopenia (3%), neurotoxicity (7%), fatigue (7%), nausea/vomiting (3%), hematuria (3%), cardiac toxicity (3%) and dyspnea (3%). Two pts (7%) had grade 4 neutropenia. Conclusions: C and I chemotherapy with VCBT represents a well tolerated regimen with promising activity for uterine carcinosarcoma. The addition of VCBT results in excellent local response. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Production of C5a by ASP, a Serine Protease Released from Aeromonas sobria (2008)

Abstract Aeromonas sobria causes pus and edema at sites of infection. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been elucidated. C5a, the amino-terminal fragment of the complement 5th component (C5), mimics these events. To investigate the involvement of C5a in the pathophysiology of A. sobria infection, we examined release of C5a from human C5 by a serine protease (ASP), a putative virulence factor secreted by this bacterium. C5 incubated with enzymatically active ASP induced neutrophil migration in a dose-dependent manner from an ASP concentration of 3 nM and in an incubation time-dependent manner in as little as 7 min, with neutrophil accumulation in guinea pigs at intradermal injection sites and neutrophil superoxide release. These effects on neutrophils were inhibited by a C5a-receptor antagonist. The ASP incubation mixture with C5 but not C3 elicited vascular leakage in a dose- and incubation time-dependent manner, which was inhibited by a histamine H1-receptor antagonist. Together with these C5a-like activities, ASP cleaved C5 to release only one C5a Ag, the m.w. of which was similar to that of C5a. Immunoblotting using an anti-C5a Ab revealed generation of a C5a-like fragment from human plasma incubated with ASP. These results suggest that ASP-elicited neutrophil migration and vascular leakage via C5a production from C5 could occur in vivo, which was supported by that ASP did not affect functions of C5a and neutrophil C5a receptor. Through C5a generation, ASP could be associated with the induction of pus and edema caused by infection with this bacterium.
Thrombospondin-4 Regulates Vascular Inflammation and Atherogenesis (2010)

TSP-4 is abundant in atherosclerotic lesions and in areas prone to development of lesions and may influence the recruitment of macrophages by activating endothelial cells and directly interacting with macrophages to increase their adhesion and migration. Our observations suggest an important role for this matricellular protein in the local regulation of inflammation associated with atherogenesis.
Precision Cancer Immunotherapy (2015)

Most dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have loaded the DC with defined antigens, but loading with autologos tumor-derived antigens would generate DCs that activate personalized tumor-specific T-cell responses. We hypothesized that DC matured with an optimized combination of reagents and loaded with tumor-derived antigens using a clinically feasible electroporation strategy would induce potent antitumor immunity. We first studied the effects on DC maturation and antigen presentation of the addition of picibanil (OK432) to a combination of zoledronic acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2. Using DC matured with the optimized combination, we tested 2 clinically feasible sources of autologous antigen for electroloading, total tumor mRNA or total tumor lysate, to determine which stimulated more potent antigen-specific T cells in vitro and activated more potent antitumor immunity in vivo. The combination of tumor necrosis factor-α/prostaglandin E2/zoledronic acid/OK432 generated DC with high expression of maturation markers and antigen-specific T-cell stimulatory function in vitro. Mature DC electroloaded with tumor-derived mRNA [mRNA electroporated dendritic cell (EPDC)] induced greater expansion of antigen-specific T cells in vitro than DC electroloaded with tumor lysate (lysate EPDC). In a therapeutic model of MC38-carcinoembryonic antigen colon cancer-bearing mice, vaccination with mRNA EPDC induced the most efficient anti-carcinoembryonic antigen cellular immune response, which significantly suppressed tumor growth. In conclusion, mature DC electroloaded with tumor-derived mRNA are a potent cancer vaccine, especially useful when specific tumor antigens for vaccination have not been identified, allowing autologous tumor, and if unavailable, allogeneic cell lines to be used as an unbiased source of antigen. Our data support clinical testing of this strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of the Julia Asymmetric Epoxidation Reaction. Part 1. Application of the Oxidation to Enones Other than Chalcones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Alkyne−Acetylide Coupling in Cluster Compounds Bearing a Triosmium Carbonyl Os3(CO)8 Fragment and a High Oxidation State (C5Me5)W(O)2 Unit (1998)

Treatment of acetylide cluster Cp*WOs3(μ-O)2(μ-CCPh)(CO)9 (1), Cp* = C5Me5, with diphenylacetylene affords two cluster complexes Cp*W(O)Os3(μ-O)(CCPh)(PhC2Ph)(CO)8 (2) and Cp*W(O)Os3(μ-O)(CCPhCPhCPh)(CO)8 (3a) by alkyne coordination and cluster-assisted formation of C−C bonds between acetylide and alkyne, respectively. For the reaction with phenylacetylene, only the coupled product Cp*W(O)Os3(μ-O)(CCPhCHCPh)(CO)8 (3b) is obtained, together with a small amount of Cp*W(O)Os3(μ-O)(CCPhCCHPh)(CO)8 (4). Complex 2 slowly converts to 3a and the complex Cp*W(O)(μ-O)Os3(CCPhCPhCPh)(CO)8 (5a) when heated in toluene, whereas the formation of 4 is believed to pass through a pathway involving an alkyne-to-vinylidene rearrangement. The conversion from complexes 3 to 5 demonstrates a unique skeletal isomerization involving the interchange of a Cp*W(O)2 unit and one Os(CO)3 fragment.
Low-Voltage, Simple-Structure, High-Efficiency p–i–n-Type Electrophosphorescent Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2010)

We present simple p–i–n structures with single-emitting and mixed emitting layers for highly efficient phosphorescent blue organic devices. Using a high-triplet-energy-hole-transporting material of 1,1-bis(4-methylphenyl)-aminophenyl-cyclohexane (TAPC) and a high-triplet-energy-electron-transporting material of 1,3,5-tris( m -pyrid-3-ylphenyl)benzene (Tm 3 PyPB), the p–i–n structure has been realized by doping with MoO 3 as a p-dopant and Cs 2 CO 3 as an n-dopant. A very low onset voltage of 3.0 V and a driving voltage of 4.0 V to obtain a brightness of 1000 cd/m 2 are achieved in this p–i–n device configuration. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 23.9% and a power efficiency of 36.7 lm/W are reported.
WE-A-BRD-00: MR Basics II (2015)

Ever since its introduction as a diagnostic imaging modality over 30 years ago, the radiation therapy community has acknowledged the utility of MR imaging as a tool for not only improved visualization of the target volume but also for demarcation of adjacent organs at risk. However, the adaptation of MR imaging in radiation oncology has, until recently been slow due in large part to the inability to image radiation therapy patients in their treatment position. With the introduction of so-called wide bore high field MR scanners, multi element flexible receive only RF coils, high performance imaging gradients and a range of volumetric imaging sequences it is now possible to obtain both high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio images of in-treatment radiation therapy patients within clinically feasible imaging times. As a Result, there is renewed interest in the use of MR imaging for radiation oncology treatment planning that is being translated into physical siting and integration of these systems into radiation oncology departments. As MR imaging expands into the radiation oncology domain there is a significant and unmet need for radiation therapy physicists to become educated regarding the strengths, limitations and technical challenges associated with MR imaging. The purpose of this presentation is to address this need by providing an educational overview of the techniques and challenges associated with MR imaging of patients for radiation therapy treatment planning. As such this presentation will: 1) describe the fundamental differences between imaging of patients for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes (i.e. radiation therapy planning), 2) describe most commonly used imaging sequences and contrasts for identification of disease for radiation planning, 3) identify the most common sources of image distortion and techniques to reduce their effect on spatial fidelity of the MR data, 4) describe the effects of motion and methods to quantify/correct it, and 5) identify emergent techniques for performing MR only treatment simulation. Upon completion attendees will have a working understanding of the basic methodologies associated with MR imaging in radiation oncology, the unique technical challenges imposed by MR imaging in the treatment position and techniques to address these. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the differences between MR imaging for diagnostic imaging and for radiation therapy planning. 2. Identify the most common sources of distortion and artifacts and simple methods to correct them. 3. Understand the challenges with MR imaging in the therapy treatment position and appropriate techniques to address them.
An Interdigitated Pixel PIN Detector for Energetic Particle Spectroscopy in Space (1993)

We describe a new two-dimensional position-sensitive detector, now under&#13;\ndevelopment, for use in space-borne energetic particle spectrometers. The novel&#13;\nfeature of this device is the use of interdigitated pixels to provide both dimensions of&#13;\nposition information from a single side of the detector, while a measurement of the&#13;\nenergy deposition is derived from the opposite side. An advantage of this approach is&#13;\nthat significant reductions in the complexity, power, and weight of the associated&#13;\nread-out electronics can be realized without sacrificing position or energy resolution.
(Invited) Facile Horizontal GaAs Nanowire Schottky Solar Cells with Record High Efficiency (2016)

Nowadays, it is still technological challenging to fabricate solar cells with the high efficiency and low cost aimed for the third generation photovoltaics as well as for powering nano-devices by smart power supply. In this study, highly crystalline, long and dense GaAs nanowires (NWs) are easily synthesized on amorphous SiO 2 /Si substrates in the solid source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. And the single GaAs NWs are fabricated into Au-Al asymmetric Schottky contact solar cells [2] by a simple ultraviolet photolithography process. The NW synthesis avoids the use of expensive single crystalline epitaxial substrates such as GaAs(111)B used in metal-organic (MO) CVD or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) methods [1], and device fabrication gets rid of the complicated p-i-n structures complementation. Besides these low-cost advantages of the NW synthesis and device fabrication, the horizontal NW solar cell show a record high efficiency of ~17% under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G) illumination as shown in Figure 1. This produces another record in addition to the vertically aligned p-i-n GaAs NW solar cells previously reported (40%), in which the superior photovoltaic performance is attributed to the light concentrating effect of NWs with diameter in the order of light wavelength [3]. Moreover, the GaAs NWs can be printed onto glass and plastics to enhance the output power as well as provide the transparent and flexible solar cells as shown in Figure 1. All these results show the promising prospect of the high quality GaAs NWs synthesis in low cost solid source CVD system, and the highly efficient photovoltaic applications in the simple Schottky contact configuration. 1 N. Han, J. J. Hou, F. Y. Wang, S. Yip, Y. T. Yen, Z. X. Yang, G. F. Dong, T. Hung, Y. L. Chueh and J. C. Ho, ACS Nano 7 (2013) 9138. 2 N. Han, Z. Yang, F. Wang, G. Dong, S. Yip, X. Liang, T. F. Hung, Y. Chen and J. C. Ho, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 (2015) 20454. 3 P. Krogstrup, H. I. Jorgensen, M. Heiss, O. Demichel, J. V. Holm, M. Aagesen, J. Nygard and A. F. I. Morral, Nat. Photonics 7 (2013) 306. Figure 1
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Monosilyl Acetals from Esters via iBu2AlH Reduction and Trapping with N‐(Trimethylsilyl)imidazole. Addition of Allyltrimethylsilane to Yield Homoallylic Alcohols or Ethers. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Alkali Resistance of the Silk/PLA Mixture (2012)

As a new textile material, silk/PLA mixture combines the outstanding characteristics of silk and PLA fibers, but this mixture is subjected to some problems owing to the poor alkali resistance of PLA fiber during the pretreatment and reactive dyeing processes. In the present work, the alkali resistance of silk/PLA mixture was tested with three alkalis, namely sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. It was found that silk component was less influenced by sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, whereas PLA component was more or less influenced by three alkalis. Silk/PLA mixture showed low weight loss after sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate treatment, but had very high weight loss after sodium hydroxide treatment. 10 g/L sodium carbonate and 3 g/L sodium hydroxide resulted in the obvious changes in the morphological structure of PLA. After the alkaline treatment, the IR spectra of PLA treated with 3 g/L alkali displayed great variations, and the intensity of the peak at 3429.3 cm -1 increased with the strength of alkalis, showing that the partially hydrolysis of PLA occurred.
Septal myocardial protection during cardiac surgery for prevention of right ventricular dysfunction. (2008)

Postoperative right ventricular (RV) failure is difficult to treat and develops from functional impairment of the underlying free wall and septum. This report describes the vital importance of the ventricular septum in RV structure /function relationships, demonstrates how the helical ventricular myocardial band model defines spatial geometry of the free wall and septum to provide architectural reasons for RV dynamic action, and focuses upon pathophysiologic reasons for adverse perioperative events resulting in right ventricular failure. Myocyte fiber orientation is the key to ventricular performance in health and disease. The transverse geometry of the free wall allows constriction (bellows type motion), whereas oblique septal fiber orientation and midline septal position is essential for ventricular twisting, the vital mechanism for RV ejection against increased pulmonary vascular resistance. The septum is considered "the lion or motor of RV performance". This central muscle mass occupies approximately 40% of myocardial ventricular weight, and injury from impaired myocardial protection is a preventable event. Septal function should be the index of adequacy of myocardial protection and we will show echocardiographic evidence that the integrated cardioplegic method prevents its injury. Dysfunction of a normally functioning septum following surgical cardiac procedures calls for reevaluation of myocardial protection methods.
GLoG: Laplacian of Gaussian for spatial pattern detection in spatio-temporal data (2021)

Boundary detection has long been a fundamental tool for image processing and computer vision, supporting the analysis of static and time-varying data. In this work, we built upon the theory of Graph Signal Processing to propose a novel boundary detection filter in the context of graphs, having as main application scenario the visual analysis of spatio-temporal data. More specifically, we propose the equivalent for graphs of the so-called Laplacian of Gaussian edge detection filter, which is widely used in image processing. The proposed filter is able to reveal interesting spatial patterns while still enabling the definition of entropy of time slices. The entropy reveals the degree of randomness of a time slice, helping users to identify expected and unexpected phenomena over time. The effectiveness of our approach appears in applications involving synthetic and real data sets, which show that the proposed methodology is able to uncover interesting spatial and temporal phenomena. The provided examples and case studies make clear the usefulness of our approach as a mechanism to support visual analytic tasks involving spatio-temporal data.