gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benzene Polyphosphates as Tools for Cell Signalling: Inhibition of Inositol 1,4,5‐Trisphosphate 5‐Phosphatase and Interaction with the PH Domain of Protein Kinase Bα (2008)

Novel benzene polyphosphates were synthesised as inositol polyphosphate mimics and evaluated against type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase, which only binds soluble inositol polyphosphates, and against the PH domain of protein kinase Balpha (PKBalpha), which can bind both soluble inositol polyphosphates and inositol phospholipids. The most potent trisphosphate 5-phosphatase inhibitor is benzene 1,2,4-trisphosphate (2, IC(50) of 14 microM), a potential mimic of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, whereas the most potent tetrakisphosphate Ins(1,4,5)P(3) 5-phosphatase inhibitor is benzene 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, with an IC(50) of 4 microM. Biphenyl 2,3',4,5',6-pentakisphosphate (4) was the most potent inhibitor evaluated against type I Ins(1,4,5)P(3) 5-phosphatase (IC(50) of 1 microM). All new benzene polyphosphates are resistant to dephosphorylation by type I Ins(1,4,5)P(3) 5-phosphatase. Unexpectedly, all benzene polyphosphates studied bind to the PH domain of PKBalpha with apparent higher affinity than to type I Ins(1,4,5)P(3) 5-phosphatase. The most potent ligand for the PKBalpha PH domain, measured by inhibition of biotinylated diC(8)-PtdIns(3,4)P(2) binding, is biphenyl 2,3',4,5',6-pentakisphosphate (4, K(i)=27 nm). The approximately 80-fold enhancement of binding relative to parent benzene trisphosphate is explained by the involvement of a cation-pi interaction. These new molecular tools will be of potential use in structural and cell signalling studies.
Silicon germanium based millimetre-wave ICs for Gbps wireless communications and radar systems (2006)

This paper establishes the viability and suitability of silicon germanium (SiGe8HP) technology, enablement tools and circuits to millimetre-wave applications today and a roadmap to the future. Key elements discussed include SiGe technology and design enablement advancements leading to the world's most highly integrated, lowest power 60 GHz transmitter/receiver ICs.
<title>Biophysics applications of free-electron lasers</title> (1993)

There has been a significant financial effort poured into the technology of the Free Electron Laser (FEL) over the last 15 years or so. Much of that money was spent in the hopes that the FEL would be a key element in the Strategic Defense Initiative, but a small fraction of money was allocated for the Medical FEL program. The Medical FELs program was aimed at exploring how the unique capabilities of the FEL could be utilized in medical applications. Part of the Medical FEl effort has been in clinical applications, but some of the effort has also been put into exploring applications of the FEL for fundamental biological physics. It is the purpose of this brief text to outline some of the fundamental biophysics I have done, and some plans we have for the future. Since the FEL is (still) considered to be an avant garde device, the reader should not be surprised to find that much of the work proposed here is also rather radical and avant garde.
VEGFR‐2 inhibition augments cigarette smoke‐induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses leading to endothelial dysfunction (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and activates the downstream signaling pathway resulting in endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Cigarette smoking is associated with abnormal vascular and endothelial function, leading to airspace enlargement. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of cigarette smoke (CS) -induced endothelial dysfunction by studying the VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling in mouse lung and human endothelial cells. CS exposure caused oxidative stress, as shown by increased levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-adducts in mouse lung and reactive oxygen species generation in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-Ls). Inhibition of VEGFR-2 by a specific kinase inhibitor (NVP-AAD777) enhanced the CS-induced oxidative stress, causing augmented inflammatory cell influx and proinflammatory mediators release in mouse lung. The levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylated (p) -eNOS in the lungs of mice exposed to CS and/or treated with VEGFR-2 inhibitor were decreased. CS down-regulated VEGFR-2 expression, eNOS levels, and VEGF-induced VEGFR-2 phosphorylation in HMVEC-Ls, resulting in impaired VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Overall, these data show that inhibition of VEGFR-2 augmented CS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses leading to endothelial dysfunction. This explains the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction in smokers and has implications in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases.
Visualizing the propagation of volume magnetization in bulk ferromagnetic materials by neutron grating interferometry (invited) (2010)

In this article we report on a neutron interferometry technique based on diffraction gratings which was used to visualize the geometry-dependent magnetization processes in bulk ferromagnetic materials. The contrast origin is based on the refraction of unpolarized neutrons at magnetic domain walls and the obtained image is termed neutron dark-field image (DFI). The magnetization process is imaged by measuring the spatially resolved domain wall density distribution of the sample. The sample under investigation was a polycrystalline steel plate where the magnetization process was imaged for different sample orientations. The DFI results of the magnetization processes were verified on the one hand by complementary neutron small angle scattering (SANS) experiments and on the other hand by finite element method (FEM) simulations. The obtained SANS and FEM results verify the same magnetization process behavior as observed in the DFI results.
Slow light enhanced carrier depletion modulators with 1V drive voltage (2012)

Slow light optical modulators are attracting ever more attention in the field of silicon photonics owing to their capacity to shrink the footprint of conventional rib waveguide based carrier depletion modulators while maintaining similar drive voltages. Nonetheless, the integration of future photonics components with advanced complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics will require drive voltages as low as 1V. Here, we demonstrate that the use of slow light provides an attractive solution to reduce the driving power of carrier depletion-based Mach-Zehnder modulators so that they fulfill the consumption requirements of future CMOS electro-photonics transceivers. Preliminary characterization results show that our 1mm-long slow light device features a data transmission rate of 5 Gbit/s with ~5.7 dB extinction ratio under a 1V drive voltage with 12dB insertion loss. Further measurements show that higher transmission speeds are achievable while sustaining the drive voltage close to current CMOS requirements.
Waveform and frequency evolution of spatially resolved terahertz radiation along two-color filament in air (2023)

The evolution of THz waveform and frequency generated from the two-color air filament was experimentally investigated by moving an iris along the filament. With the increase of the filament length, the peak-to-peak amplitude of THz signal existed an oscillating behavior which is attributed to the relative phase between the two-color laser pulses and the coherent interference of all local sources along the effective filament. By taking the differentiation of the measured THz waveforms, the spatially resolved THz waves were obtained. Two longitudinal positions along the filament were found where the local THz pulse undergoes a remarkable phase shift. Theoretical deduction indicates that the phase shift are caused by the dispersion and Gouy phase in the filament. Through longitudinal resolved THz time domain spectroscopy along two-color laser filament, an electron density peak around geometrical focus was observed.
NOVEL CYCLOSAL NUCLEOTIDES WITH REDUCED INHIBITORY POTENCY TOWARD HUMAN BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE (2005)

Two novel cycloSal-d4T monophosphates (d4TMPs) with increased steric demand have been synthesized via a new synthetic route. While 3-cyclohexyl-cycloSal d4TMP did not show a significantly reduced inhibitory potency toward human butyrylcholinesterase, the opposite was the case for the second novel pronucleotide, bis-(cycloSal-d4TMP).
Self-aligned spatial filtering using laser optical tweezers (2006)

We present an optical spatial filtering device that has been integrated into a microfluidic system and whose motion and alignment is controlled using a laser optical tweezer. The lithographically patterned micro-optical spatial filter device filters out higher frequency additive noise components by automatically aligning itself in three dimensions to the focus of the laser beam. This self-alignment capability is achieved through the attachment of a refractive optical element directly over the circular aperture or pinhole of the spatial filter. A discussion of two different spatial filter designs is presented along with experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the self-aligned micro-optic spatial filter.
Neutron radiography study of water transport in an operating fuel cell: effects of diffusion media and cathode channel properties (2003)

In a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, effective water management is required for optimal cell performance. While membrane hydration is needed for effective proton conduction, an excess of water, particularly on the cathode side, hinders transport of oxygen to the catalyst sites and lowers cell voltage. This study utilized neutron radiography to reveal the presence of liquid water while operating the PEMFC. These insitu experiments investigated both rectangular and triangular flow field geometries, various flow field surface energies, and several gas diffusion media samples. Correlations were drawn between accumulated water mass and performance data collected during the imaging process. The analysis resulted in a visualization of the two-phase behavior inside the running fuel cell, and a time-averaged volumetric plot of the water developing in the GDM and cathode channels. Results show a change of 0.05g in averaged liquid water mass demonstrates a flooding condition. This small volume is associated with accumulated water in the electrode layer being the primary contributor to mass transport loss at high load. It is further demonstrated that the cathode flow field channel surface energy and cross-sectional geometry affect the size and distribution of water slugs inside the channels.
L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase deficiency is lethal in Streptococcus mutans (1994)

The previously cloned gene for L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from Streptococcus mutans was mutagenized in vitro. An Escherichia coli transformant which expressed a thermolabile LDH activity was identified. The ldh(Ts) gene was introduced into S. mutans on a suicide vector to create a heterodiploid expressing both wild-type and thermolabile LDH activities. Self-recombinants which had only one ldh gene were isolated. One of these clones expressed only the thermolabile LDH activity. This isolate grew well at 30 degrees C but did not grow at 42 degrees C under a variety of cultivation conditions, thereby proving that LDH deficiency is lethal in S. mutans in the absence of compensatory mutations.
Dead-End microfiltration behavior of disrupted yeast cell suspensions with stirring (2010)

FPS2010 - European Conference on Fluid-Particle Separation, Lyon, France, 5-7 October 2010, 157-158.
Dynamical Properties of TCP System with AQM Routers (2003)

In this report we discuss the dynamics of heterogeneous TCP systems with propagation delays.Instead of studying the local linearized TCP dynamics, we study the global stability conditions and obtain the stability regions.Also we provide proof of periodic behavior of a single TCP connection when stability conditions are not met.
Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2 (2017)

Lantibiotics are a class of lanthionine-containing, ribosomally synthesized, and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) produced by Gram-positive bacteria. Salivaricin A2 belongs to the type AII lantibiotics, which are generally considered to kill Gram-positive bacteria by binding to the cell wall precursor lipid II via a conserved ring A structure. Salivaricin A2 was first reported to be isolated from a probiotic strain, <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> K12, but the structural and bioactivity characterizations of the antibiotic have remained limited. In this study, salivaricin A2 was purified and its covalent structure was characterized. N-terminal analogues of salivaricin A2 were generated to study the importance for bioactivity of the length and charge of the N-terminal amino acids. Analogue salivaricin A2(3-22) has no antibacterial activity and does not have an antagonistic effect on the native compound. The truncated analogue also lost its ability to bind to lipid II in a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) assay, suggesting that the N-terminal amino acids are important for binding to lipid II. The creation of N-terminal analogues of salivaricin A2 promoted a better understanding of the bioactivity of this antibiotic and further elucidated the structural importance of the N-terminal leader peptide. The antibacterial activity of salivaricin A2 is due not only to the presence of the positively charged N-terminal amino acid residues, but to the length of the N-terminal linear peptide.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The amino acid composition of the N-terminal linear peptide of salivaricin A2 is crucial for function. Our study shows that the length of the amino acid residues in the linear peptide is crucial for salivaricin A2 antimicrobial activity. Very few type AII lantibiotic covalent structures have been confirmed. The characterization of the covalent structure of salivaricin A2 provides additional support for the predicted lanthionine and methyl-lanthionine ring formations present in this structural class of lantibiotics. Removal of the N-terminal Lys1 and Arg2 residues from the peptide causes a dramatic shift in the chemical shift values of amino acid residues 7 through 9, suggesting that the N-terminal amino acids contribute to a distinct structural conformer for the linear peptide region. The demonstration that the bioactivity could be partially restored with the substitution of N-terminal alanine residues supports further studies aimed at determining whether new analogues of salivaricin A2 for novel applications can be synthesized.
[Antitumoral immunization during cancer chemotherapy]. (2012)

Most anticancer agents are thought to act through direct induction of tumoral, stromal and endothelial cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. In a 2008 issue of Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine, we described an alternative (or complementary) theory whereby the immune system participates in the antitumoral effects of some chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens by promoting an immunogenic cell death pathway. In particular, we showed the critical importance of two pre-mortem stressors that determine the immunogenicity of dying tumor cells. The first, an ER stress response culminating in calreticuline exposure at the tumor cell surface, is mandatory for the uptake and efficient phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by dendritic cells. In the second, autophagy leads to the release of ATP by dying tumor cells, resulting in the recruitment of inflammatory phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells, and also triggering the inflammasome that causes IL-1beta release and CD8+ T cell polarization. The tumor microenvironment changes following chemotherapy, favoring sequential accumulation of a series of innate and cognate effectors that act in a coordinated fashion to promote tumor eradication. These findings will help to identify immune predictors of the response to conventional anticancer treatments and to design innovative combinatorial immunochemotherapy regimens.
<title>Phase conjugation of optical pulses in fibers and in semiconductor laser amplifiers</title> (1996)

Temporal effects of the optical phase conjugation in dispersion-shifted fibers and in semiconductor laser amplifiers are numerically shown. In dispersion-shifted fibers, the frequency chirping is induced in the conjugate pulse by the signal pulse and pump wave through the cross-phase modulation, which increases with the signal power. In semiconductor laser amplifiers, the conjugate pulse has distortion and frequency chirping due to the amplified spontaneous emission noise and the carrier depletion induced by the signal pulse. These effects can be reduced by increasing the pump power. By properly choosing the signal power and pump power, for both conjugators, the optical phase conjugations can be nearly ideal. Finally, the performances of the two conjugators are compared.
Many-body effects in transport through open systems: pinning of resonant levels (2007)

The role of electron-electron interaction in transport properties of open quantum dots is studied. The self-consistent full quantum mechanical magnetotransport calculations within the Hartree, Density Functional Theory and Thomas-Fermi approximations were performed where a whole device, including the semi-infinitive leads, is treated on the same footing (i.e. the electron-electron interaction is accounted for both in the leads as well as in the dot region). The main finding of the present paper is the effect of pinning of the resonant levels to the Fermi energy due to the enhanced screening. Our results represent a significant departure from a conventional picture where a variation of external parameters (such as a gate voltage, magnetic field, etc.) causes the successive dot states to sweep past the Fermi level in a linear fashion. We instead demonstrate highly nonlinear behavior of the resonant levels in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. The pinning of the resonant levels in open quantum dots leads to the broadening of the conduction oscillations in comparison to the one electron picture. The effect of pinning becomes much more pronounced in the presence of the perpendicular magnetic field. This can be attributed to the enhanced screening efficiency because of the increased localization of the wave function. The strong pinning of the resonant energy levels in the presence of magnetic field can have a profound effect on transport properties of various devices operating in the edge state transport regime. We also critically examine an approximation often used in transport calculations where an inherently open system is replaced by a corresponding closed one.
Neurohumoral modulation of metalloproteinases in cardiac failure: impact on remodeling (2000)

A dominant hallmark of cardiac failure is progressive chamber dilation and structural remodeling. This process is thought to play a major contributory role to the later stages of chamber dysfunction and is linked to increased morbidity and mortality in various clinical studies [9, 16, 28]. The magnitude of dilation far exceeds anything achievable with acute loading stress, but rather involves structural rearrangement within the myocardial wall notably of the fibrillar collagen matrix surrounding myocytes and blood vessels. This process of collagen degradation and remodeling is principally mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a large family of enzymes synthesized by several myocardial cell types, and secreted and activated within the cardiac interstitium [3, 5, 38, 39, 41]. Recent studies have reported elevation of MMP expression in failing experimental and human heart failure [21, 36, 38]. Furthermore, inhibition of this enzyme system has been shown to limit progressive chamber dilation both in a rodent infarct model [26], and in cardiac failure induced by rapid ventricular pacing in the pig [35], supporting a role in chamber remodeling.
Neuroinflammation and Oxidation/Nitration of α-Synuclein Linked to Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration (2008)

alpha-Synuclein (SYN) is the major component of Lewy bodies, the neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Missense mutations and multiplications of the SYN gene cause autosomal dominant inherited PD. Thus, SYN is implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. However, the mechanism whereby SYN promotes neurodegeneration remains unclear. Familial PD with SYN gene mutations are rare because the majority of PD is sporadic and emerging evidence indicates that sporadic PD may result from genetic and environmental risk factors including neuroinflammation. Hence, we examined the relationship between SYN dysfunction and neuroinflammation in mediating dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice and dopaminergic neuronal cultures derived from wild-type SYN and mutant A53T SYN transgenic mice in a murine SYN-null (SYNKO) background (M7KO and M83KO, respectively). Stereotaxic injection of an inflammagen, lipopolysaccharide, into substantia nigra of these SYN genetically engineered mice induced similar inflammatory reactions. In M7KO and M83KO, but not in SYNKO mice, the neuroinflammation was associated with dopaminergic neuronal death and the accumulation of insoluble aggregated SYN as cytoplasmic inclusions in nigral neurons. Nitrated/oxidized SYN was detected in these inclusions and abatement of microglia-derived nitric oxide and superoxide provided significant neuroprotection in neuron-glia cultures from M7KO mice. These data suggest that nitric oxide and superoxide released by activated microglia may be mediators that link inflammation and abnormal SYN in mechanisms of PD neurodegeneration. This study advances understanding of the role of neuroinflammation and abnormal SYN in the pathogenesis of PD and opens new avenues for the discovery of more effective therapies for PD.
Humanized mice as a preclinical tool for infectious disease and biomedical research (2011)

Immunodeficient mice bearing an IL2rγ(null) mutation permit engraftment of a functional human immune system and study of human-specific infectious agents that was not previously possible.
Perkutane Bergung eines in der Nierenarterie abgestreiften Palmaz-Stents (1996)

Schlüsselwörter: Vaskuläre Interventionen, Komplikationen - Stentimplantation, Komplikationen - Fremdkörperextraktion
Bonding Effectiveness to Differently Sandblasted Dental Zirconia. (2015)

The mechanical surface pre-treatment of zirconia using tribochemical silica sandblasting (CoJet, SilJet) resulted in the most favorable bond durability of a resin-composite cement (RelyX Ultimate) to dental zirconia before and after aging.
Concatenated Reed-Solomon/convolutional coding scheme for data transmission in CDMA cellular systems (2002)

An error control scheme for data transmission in code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular systems is proposed. The forward error correction scheme employs Reed-Solomon (RS) outer codes concatenated with convolutional inner codes. New tight upper bounds on the convolutional code performance in independent Rayleigh fading multipath channels are derived. Using these bounds and invoking the Gaussian assumption for the multiple access interference, the performance of the concatenated coding scheme is evaluated. Furthermore, design examples of RS outer codes and convolutional inner codes for data transmission at 9.6 and 128 kbit/s in CDMA cellular systems are presented. Finally, the capacity of a CDMA cellular system employing the proposed concatenated coding scheme is computed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>