gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Cyclic Heat Stress on Intestinal Permeability, Bone Mineralization, Leukocyte Proportions and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens (2022)

The goal of this research was to assess cyclic heat stress on gut permeability, bone mineralization, and meat quality in chickens. Two separate trials were directed. 320 day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male chicks were randomly assigned to four thermoneutral (TN) and four cyclic heat stress (HS) chambers with two pens each, providing eight replicates per treatment in each trial (n = 20 chicks/replicate). Environmental conditions in the TN group were established to simulate commercial production settings. Heat stress chickens were exposed to cyclic HS at 35 °C for 12 h/day from days 7−42. Performance parameters, intestinal permeability, bone parameters, meat quality, and leukocyte proportions were estimated. There was a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body weight (BW), BW gain, and feed intake, but the feed conversion ratio increased in chickens under cyclic HS. Moreover, HS chickens had a significantly higher gut permeability, monocyte and basophil levels, but less bone mineralization than TN chickens. Nevertheless, the TN group had significant increases in breast yield, woody breast, and white striping in breast fillets compared to HS. These results present an alternative model to our previously published continuous HS model to better reflect commercial conditions to evaluate commercially available nutraceuticals or products with claims of reducing the severity of heat stress.
An efficient method to estimate noise in computed tomography images (2012)

Image noise is an important aspect when optimizing CT system parameters. For example in multi-energy CT the statistical error in material images is of high interest. It has been shown that the statistical error of individual line integrals can be quantified by the Cramér-Rao lower bound, but it is not straightforward to estimate the noise in the corresponding material images in a time-efficient way, since for an exact calculation a large number of projections has to be taken into account. This paper introduces a way to approximate the image noise by using noise estimates of only a few line integrals. The method is exemplified using simulated dual energy CT data, and the results are shown to closely correspond with Monte Carlo outcomes. The method provides a fast alternative to Monte Carlo simulations in order to calculate the image noise depending on various system parameters, which is very helpful, e.g., for system design.
Evaluation of a Multivalent Transcriptomic Metric for Diagnosing Surgical Sepsis and Estimating Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients (2022)

In this diagnostic and prognostic study, a novel, multivalent, transcriptomic metric accurately estimated the presence of bacterial infection and risk for 30-day mortality in patients admitted to a surgical ICU. The performance of this single transcriptomic metric was equivalent to or better than multiple alternative diagnostic and prognostic metrics when measured at admission and provided additional information when measured over time.
Enthalpic Efficiency of Ligand Binding (2010)

The thermodynamics of ligand-protein binding has received much attention recently. In the present contribution we focus on the enthalpic component of binding. The dissociation constant, pK(d), was decomposed into enthalpic and entropic components (pK(d) = pK(H) + pK(S)), and pK(H), defined as pK(H) = -ΔH/(2.303·RT) was used to characterize the enthalpy contribution to binding. It was found that the maximal achievable pK(H) decreases with increasing molecular size. This is in contrast to maximal pK(d) that increases with molecular size until it achieves a plateau. Size-independent enthalpic efficiency (SIHE) was defined as SIHE = pK(H)/40·HA(0.3), with HA being the number of heavy atoms. SIHE allows a size unbiased comparative binding characterization of compounds. It can find use in hit and lead selection and also in monitoring optimization in drug discovery programs. The physical background of decreasing maximal pK(H) with molecular size is discussed, and its consequences to drug discovery are analyzed. It is concluded that the feasibility of simultaneous optimization of affinity and enthalpy diminishes with increasing molecular size. Consequently, binding thermodynamics considerations are to be applied primarily in hit prioritization and hit-to-lead optimization.
Photoluminescence of pseudomorphic SiGe formed by G57e+ ion implantation in the overlayer of silicon-on-insulator material (1998)

A metastable SiGe-on-insulator structure is realized by a high-dose G57e+ ion implantation in the overlayer of silicon-on-insulator followed by solid phase epitaxial regrowth. Studies of the optical properties of the germanium-implanted and post-implantation annealed layers with 18% peak germanium concentration were carried out using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The electrical integrity of the strained layer was qualitatively inferred from the pseudo-mosfet characterization technique. The PL results show that the broadband (BB) emission related to germanium implantation damage can be completely eliminated by post-implantation thermal treatment. PL spectra and measured transconductance of the sample heat-treated at 500 °C indicate conclusively that a defect-free strained SiGe layer has been formed. However, samples heat-treated at higher temperatures show degradation in the charge carrier lifetime, a new BB emission with 0.816 eV peak energy and an emergence of defect related emission at 0.870 eV for samples annealed at and above 900 °C.
MRI as a biomarker of disease progression in a therapeutic trial of milameline for AD (2003)

The consistency of MRI measurements obtained across sites, and the consistency between the multisite milameline data and that obtained in prior single-site studies, demonstrate the technical feasibility of using structural MRI measures as a surrogate endpoint of disease progression in therapeutic trials. However, validation of imaging as a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy in AD awaits a positive trial.
Enhanced methods for unbiased deep sequencing of Lassa and Ebola RNA viruses from clinical and biological samples (2014)

We have developed a robust RNA sequencing method for generating complete de novo assemblies with intra-host variant calls of Lassa and Ebola virus genomes in clinical and biological samples. Our method uses targeted RNase H-based digestion to remove contaminating poly(rA) carrier and ribosomal RNA. This depletion step improves both the quality of data and quantity of informative reads in unbiased total RNA sequencing libraries. We have also developed a hybrid-selection protocol to further enrich the viral content of sequencing libraries. These protocols have enabled rapid deep sequencing of both Lassa and Ebola virus and are broadly applicable to other viral genomics studies.
Detection of Antiferromagnetic Ordering in Heavily DopedLaFeAsO1−xHxPnictide Superconductors Using Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Techniques (2013)

We studied double superconducting (SC) domes in ${\mathrm{LaFeAsO}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ by using $^{75}\mathrm{As}$ and $^{1}\mathrm{H}$ nuclear-magnetic-resonance techniques and unexpectedly discovered that a new antiferromagnetic (AF) phase follows the double SC domes on further H doping, forming a symmetric alignment of AF and SC phases in the electronic phase diagram. We demonstrated that the new AF ordering originates from the nesting between electron pockets, unlike the nesting between electron and hole pockets, as seen in the majority of undoped pnictides. The new AF ordering is derived from the features common to high-${T}_{c}$ pnictides; however, it has not been reported so far for other high-${T}_{c}$ pnictides because of their poor electron doping capability.
Adrenomedullin: A Hypotensive Hormone in Man (1997)

1. Adrenomedullin, a recently discovered 52-amino-acid peptide hormone, circulates in plasma at low picomolar levels in man. Animal studies and studies in vitro indicate that it has diverse biological actions, including vasodilatation, natriuresis and diuresis, and positive inotropism as well as anti-proliferative effects. We investigated the bioactivity of two doses of adrenomedullin in healthy human subjects. 2. Human adrenomedullin was given intravenously to eight male subjects at 2 and 8 ng min-1 kg-1, and haemodynamic, hormonal, renal and biochemical responses were recorded in a placebo (vehicle)-controlled, randomized study. 3. Compared with vehicle, adrenomedullin reduced mean arterial pressure (P = 0.05 for duration of infusion, mean difference at end of infusion 7.7 mmHg), systolic arterial pressure (P = 0.04 for duration of infusion, mean difference at end of infusion 10.7 mmHg) and at the lower dose reduced diastolic arterial pressure (P = 0.05 for lower dose, mean difference at end of infusion 6.3 mmHg) in the absence of compensatory responses in sympathetic activity or renin release. Urine volume and electrolyte excretion were unaffected. 4. The threshold for biological activity of adrenomedullin in man is lower, for arterial pressure than for renal or hormonal responses, and is evident at plasma concentrations seen in disorders of the circulation. Adrenomedullin may be an important hormone under pathophysiological circumstances.
Die Bedeutung RORγt-positiver Th17-Zellen für die Pathogenese chronisch-entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (2012)

Einleitung: IL-17-produzierende CD4+ T Helfer-Zellen (Th17) spielen eine Rolle in chronischen Entzündungsprozessen. Zytokine, die von Th17-Zellen produziert werden, konnten auch in CED-Patienten erhöht gemessen werden, sodass eine bedeutende pathogenetische Rolle vermutet wird.
Optimizing Pilots and Analog Processing for Channel Estimation in Cell-Free Massive MIMO With One-Bit ADCs (2019)

In a cell-free cloud radio access network (C-RAN) architecture, uplink channel estimation is carried out by a centralized baseband processing unit (BBU) connected to distributed remote radio heads (RRHs). When the RRHs have multiple antennas and limited radio front-end resources, the design of uplink channel estimation is faced with the challenges posed by reduced radio frequency (RF) chains and one-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the RRHs. This work tackles the problem of jointly optimizing the pilot sequences and the pre-RF chains analog combiners with the goal of minimizing the sum of mean squared errors (MSEs) of the estimated channel vectors at the BBU. The problem formulation models the impact of the ADC operation by leveraging Bussgang's theorem. An efficient solution is developed by means of an iterative alternating optimization algorithm. Numerical results validate the advantages of the proposed joint design compared to baseline schemes that randomly choose either pilots or analog combiners.
Effect of duloxetine, a norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on sneeze-induced urethral continence reflex in rats (2008)

We investigated the effect of duloxetine, a norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor, on the neurally evoked urethral continence reflex induced by sneezing in rats. To clarify the role of noradrenergic and serotonergic mechanisms in preventing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during sneezing, we examined the effect of duloxetine followed by intrathecal (it) methiothepin maleate (5-HT receptor and alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist) or terazosin or idazoxan (selective alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively). Amplitude of urethral pressure responses during sneezing (A-URS), urethral baseline pressure (UBP) at the midurethra, and sneeze-induced leak point pressure (S-LPP) were measured in normal adult female rats and rats with SUI induced by vaginal distension (VD). In normal and VD rats, intravenous application of duloxetine (1 mg/kg) increased A-URS by 35% and 34% and UBP by 21% and 34%, respectively. Sneezing-induced fluid leakage from the urethral orifice was observed in VD rats but not in normal rats. S-LPP was increased from 39.1 to 92.2 cmH2O by intravenous duloxetine in incontinent VD rats. Duloxetine-mediated enhancement of A-URS was inhibited by terazosin but not methiothepin maleate (it). In addition, simultaneous intrathecal application of methiothepin and terazosin induced a reduction in A-URS during sneezing, which was not increased by intravenous duloxetine. However, the reduced A-URS after intrathecal application of methiothepin and terazosin returned to the control level when duloxetine (iv) was applied after intrathecal idazoxan administration. These results indicate that duloxetine can prevent SUI by facilitating noradrenergic and serotonergic systems in the spinal cord to enhance the sneeze-induced active urethral closure mechanism.
Counterfeit IC detection using light emission (2014)

The proliferation of counterfeit Integrated Circuits (ICs) poses a big challenge for the electronics industry as today's supply chain of ICs becomes more complex and expensive. For this reason, it is imperative to mitigate these risks by developing counterfeit IC detection techniques, especially at the chip level. In this paper, a novel counterfeit IC detection method is proposed. It is based on the measurement of intrinsic light emission from CMOS ICs that is a strong function of the device threshold voltage (Vt) for a given technology. In contrast to currently available counterfeit IC detection techniques, the proposed method measures IC degradation after it has been used for a long time and does not require a reference IC to provide a baseline signature. A differential technique is used to detect different levels of degradation inside the same chip in order to determine if it is counterfeit. Experimental results presented in this paper show that emission can be effectively used to detect degradation, thus making this technique a very effective way to detect counterfeit ICs.
Immunogenicity and safety of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in patients with immunocompromising conditions: a review of available evidence (2020)

Immunocompromising conditions increase the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Vaccine uptake in patients with these conditions may be low in part because of concerns about decreased immunogenicity and safety in these high-risk groups. We conducted a literature search to identify publications describing antibody responses to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in immunocompromised individuals recommended for PCV13 vaccination by the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). This review summarizes immunogenicity data from 30 publications regarding the use of PCV13 comprising 2406 individuals considered at high risk for IPD by the ACIP. Although antibody responses to PCV13 in individuals with immunocompromising and high-risk conditions were variable and generally lower compared with healthy controls, the vaccine was immunogenic and was largely well tolerated. Based on these findings, concerns regarding immunogenicity and safety of PCV13 are not supported and should not be barriers to vaccination in high-risk populations.
Organosilane insecticides. Part I: Biological and physical effects of isosteric replacement of silicon for carbon in etofenprox and MTI‐800 (1990)

Abstract Substitution of silicon for carbon was explored in etofenprox and MTI‐800, primarily to establish the suitability of silicon for pesticide construction and to probe steric effects. It was shown that silicon is an effective building block for insecticides with subtle qualitative and quantitative differences relative to the carbon analogs. The silanes were slightly less toxic to insects than the carbon analogs (relative potency of 0.2‐0.6) but the silane analog of MTI‐800 was considerably less toxic to fish (0% mortality at ≥50 mg liter −1 ) than MTI‐800 itself (LC 50 = 3 mg liter −1 ). The mode of action of both carbon and silicon compounds was similar in the intact, electrode‐implanted cockroach and involved repetitive firing of a sensory nerve; potency measurements were also made using an in‐vitro nerve assay. The possible metabolic and physicochemical contributions to the observed insecticide potencies were explored using synergism studies, physical chemistry measurements and quantum mechanical calculations .
Disabling of the erbB Pathway Followed by IFN-γ Modifies Phenotype and Enhances Genotoxic Eradication of Breast Tumors (2015)

Reversion of the malignant phenotype of erbB2-transformed cells can be driven by anti-erbB2/neu monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which disrupt the receptor's kinase activity. We examined the biologic effects of IFN-γ alone or after anti-erbB2/neu mAb treatment of erbB2-positive cells. IFN-γ had no effect on its own. Treatment of the tumors with anti-erbB2/neu mAbs followed by IFN-γ led to dramatic inhibition of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo with minimal mAb dosing. Sequential therapy enhanced the effects of chemotherapy. Moreover, IFN-γ with mAb treatment of mice with IFNγR knockdown tumors did not demonstrate marked synergistic eradication effects, indicating an unexpected role of IFN-γ on the tumor itself. Additionally, mAb and IFN-γ treatment also induced immune host responses that enhanced tumor eradication. Biochemical analyses identified loss of Snail expression in tumor cells, reflecting diminution of tumor-stem-cell-like properties as a consequence of altered activity of GSK3-β and KLF molecules.
EU-7 zeolite: a synthetic BIK type zeolite with high hydrothermal stability (2018)

EU-7 zeolite with Si/Al ratio of 15 is identified as a BIK type zeolite. The framework charge is compensated with Cs+ cations located in 8-ring channels at regular distances. Even partially exchanged, Cu-loaded EU-7 is active in NH3-SCR and withstands hydrothermal aging at 900 °C needed for application in diesel particulate filters.
Sterol biosynthesis de nova via cycloartenol by the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga (1985)

The soil amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga is capable of synthesizing its sterols de novo from acetate. The major sterols are ergosterol and poriferasta-5,7,22-trienol. Furthermore C28 and C29 sterols of still unknown structure with an aromatic B-ring are also synthesized by the amoeba. The first cyclic sterol precursor is cycloartenol, which is the sterol precursor in all photosynthetic phyla. No trace of lanosterol, which is the sterol precursor in animals and fungi, could be detected. These results show that at least some of the biochemical processes of Acanthamoeba polyphaga might be phylogenetically related to those of unicellular algae. Addition of exogenous sterols to the culture medium does not influence the sterol biosynthesis and the sterol composition of the cells.
Optically Efficient Nonlinear Signal Processing (2010)

Optical signal processing techniques employ a wide range of devices and various nonlinearities to achieve multiple network functionalities. The choice of nonlinearity can also impact the relative efficiency, both in terms of energy and material consumption, of the signal processing function being implemented. Techniques for some of the important functionalities, wavelength multicasting, wavelength-division multiplexing to time-division multiplexing, add-drop multiplexing, and wavelength exchange are compared in terms of the used optical spectrum, number of pumps required, and optical energy consumed. These include varieties of four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation, Kerr-effect-based polarization rotation in optical fibers, and three-wave mixing in lithium niobate waveguides (WGs). Future possibilities of greener optical signal processing using on-chip WG technologies are discussed within the scope of recent developments in the dispersion tailored, highly nonlinear WGs.
On Metric-Space Indexing and Real Workloads (2005)

Contemporary technology is fostering new demands to manage large collections of complex data, including the contents of multimedia and biological databases. In many cases the similarity of the data is defined using a metric distance function. There are many competing algorithmic approaches which, off-line, create data structures materializing a hierarchical clustering of the data and leverage the triangle inequality to speed the search for similar data. In order to determine a solution of general applicability it is important to assess the variety of methods on various types of real world data. We evaluate the performance of an algorithm from each of the three major classes of metric-space indexing methods: generalized hyper-plane, vantage point, and radius-based methods. The workloads comprise an image database, a yeast protein sequence database and a database of mass spectrometer protein signatures. For range queries of practical interest the multi-vantage point algorithm (MVP-trees) is shown to be superior. We further consider the optimization of MVP-trees. We consider a common heuristic, choosing corners as vantage points, and show that on real workloads choosing centers perform better. 1.
Reactivity of cyclic sulfamidates towards sulfur-stabilised enolates. Stereocontrolled synthesis of functionalised lactams (2006)

A structurally representative series of 1,2- and 1,3-cyclic sulfamidates react with enolates derived from methyl alpha-phenylthioacetate 9b to give 5- and 6-substituted alpha-phenylthio lactams 20-24. These products provide, via the corresponding sulfoxides, an entry to alpha,beta-unsaturated lactams e.g. 12, 27, 29 and their alpha-phenylthio analogues e.g. 26 and 30. With the enantiomerically pure 1,2-cyclic sulfamidates 10, 15 and 17, these reactions all proceed with no detectable loss of stereochemical integrity.
Insight into the Diels-Alder reaction: A green chemistry revisitation of the synthesis of a cantharidine-like trypanocidal pilot-molecule (2015)

Relying on a straightforward « Green-Chemistry » based approach, this article reports an optimized Diels-Alder (DA) experimental set-up allowing for this reaction to be cleanly operated in the presence of water used both as solvent and catalyst. This work was initiated to synthesize a cantharidine-derived trypanocidal pilot-molecule. Diels-Alder cyclo-addition between anthracene-9-methanol and maleimide in water was selected as benchmark reaction and demonstrated how water as a solvent can be used not only because of its more benign impact on the environment but also because it improves some key aspects (rate, yield, ease of isolation) of the reaction. Adjunction of lithium chloride into the reaction medium adds a significant incremental benefit to the overall yield due to its oxophilic character increasing electron demand at dienophile’s double bond. Our set-up illustrates a typical condition of « on-water » reaction rather then « in-water » reaction conditions. Conclusively, in the DA reaction of our benchmark reaction, water not only behaves as a green solvent but also as a powerful catalyst
Tl1Can−1Ba2CunO2n+3(n=1,2,3): A New Class of Crystal Structures Exhibiting Volume Superconductivity at up to ≃110 K (1988)

We report the discovery of three new phases in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system, ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{1}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{n\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{n}{\mathrm{O}}_{2n+3}$ $n=1,2,3$, one of which $n=3$ exhibits bulk superconductivity at \ensuremath{\simeq}100 K. The crystal structures of these new materials are closely related to that of ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$, the recently discovered 125-K superconductor. All of these compounds contain Cu perovskitelike units, but whereas these are separated by bilayer Tl-O sheets in the 125-K material, they are separated by monolayer Tl-O sheets in the new structures, enabling an examination of the effect of the coupling between successive Cu perovksite units on superconducting properties.