gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bax is a transcriptional target and mediator of c-myc-induced apoptosis. (2000)

The c-Myc oncoprotein is a transcription factor involved in cellular transformation as well as apoptotic cell death. We show here that over-expression of c-Myc delivered by an adenovirus vector up-regulates endogenous proapoptotic bax mRNA and protein expression in human cells. In contrast, the cytotoxic tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces cell death without up-regulating bax expression. c-Myc/Max heterodimers bind to canonical E-box elements located in the bax promoter region as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and DNaseI foot-printing assays. Analysis of bax regulatory region mutants suggests a model involving myc-dependent activation as well as relief of repression through distinct E-box elements. c-Myc-null cells are deficient in bax-promoter activation as compared with wild-type c-Myc-expressing cells. Overexpression of c-Myc in serum-starved human or mouse embryonic cells leads to apoptosis which is significantly reduced in the presence of growth factor-containing serum. c-Myc-induced apoptosis appears to be deficient in bax-null as compared with bax-wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The results suggest that the cell death-promoting gene bax is directly downstream of c-Myc in a pathway leading to apoptosis.
Current therapies under investigation for COVID-19: potential COVID-19 treatments (2020)

In response to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), researchers are expeditiously searching for antiviral treatments able to alleviate the symptoms of infection, which can be life-threatening. Here, we provide a general overview of what is currently known about the structure and characteristic features of SARS-CoV-2, some of which could potentially be exploited for the purposes of antiviral therapy and vaccine development. This minireview also covers selected and noteworthy antiviral agents/supportive therapy out of hundreds of drugs that are being repurposed or tested as potential treatments for COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Automatic detection algorithm of intracranial pressure waveform components (2005)

We describe an automated detection algorithm that may be used to identify the percussion peak (P), tidal peak (T), dichrotic notch (N), and dichrotic peak (D) components of the intracranial pressure (ICP) signal. The algorithm uses a moving average filter to remove quantization error, a lowpass filter to identify the beat series, and a local search to identify the components of each beat. The algorithm was compared with two experts' visual identification of the percussion components of 997 beats recorded from three subjects. The algorithm accuracy rate was 99.3% with an acceptance interval of 8 ms (/spl plusmn/1 sample).
Microscopic Pattern of Ice Crystal Growth in the Presence of Thermal Hysteresis Proteins (1994)

Abstract This study examines the effect of thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs) from the winter flounder (Psuedopleuronectes americanus) on the ice-water interface morphology during freezing of aqueous solutions. Experiments were performed using a directional solidification stage, and the development of the two-phase interface was observed through a microscope and recorded by a video system. Unusual ice crystal morphologies were observed, including faceted ice crystal growth along the [1100] crystal plane; spicular or needlelike growth in the [1010] direction; and growth parallel to the c-axis, [0001], consisting of incorporated liquid inclusions bounded by hexagonal prism faces. The observed crystallographic structures can be explained as an effect of the interaction between the THPs and the primary prism faces of ice crystals. This results in an increase in the Gibbs free energy of these planes, followed by ice growth into the supercooled liquid adjacent to these faces.
A New Method for the Computation of Faults on Transmission Lines (2006)

A systematic matrix method for modeling short-circuits and interruptions on transmission lines is presented. The method fits perfectly into the calculation method for short-circuits on network buses with the nodal admittance equations, which are also presented here. All types of balanced or unbalanced faults, both in single and multiple constellations are treated systematically with the same method. Each fault is modeled in the phase domain by a characteristic 3times3 incidence matrix, the so called fault matrix. The modeling of faults on lines is carried out in a way, that only the elements of the line admittance matrices are changed, but not their structure or order. Subsequently, when the line model is inserted into the nodal admittance matrix of the network, the order and structure of this matrix is also kept unchanged. Thus, no additional nodes are required for modeling interruptions, as it is the case in the classical methods
The advanced mask CD MTT control using dry etch process for sub 65 nm tech (2007)

As the design rule of the semiconductor circuit shrinks, the specification for photomask becomes tighter. So, more precise control of CD MTT (Critical Dimension Mean to Target) is required. We investigated the CD MTT control of the attenuated PSM (Phase Shift Mask) by additional Cr dry etch. In conventional process, it is difficult to control CD MTT precisely because about 5 factors - Blank Mask, E-beam writing, Resist develop, Cr dry etch, MoSiN dry etch - affect CD MTT error. We designed the new process to control CD MTT precisely. The basic concept of the new process is to reduce the number of factors which affect the CD MTT error. To correct CD MTT error in the new process, we measured CD before MoSiN dry etch, and then additional corrective Cr dry etch and MoSiN dry etch was performed. So, the factors affecting CD MTT error are reduced to 2 steps, which is additional corrective Cr dry etch and MoSiN dry etch. The reliability of CD measurement before MoSiN dry etch was evaluated. The generable side-effect of the additional corrective Cr dry etch was analyzed. The relationship between 'CD shift' and 'additional corrective Cr dry etch time' was found for various patterns. As a result, accurate CD MTT control and significant decrease of CD MTT error for attenuated PSM is achieved.
A Critical Evaluation of Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery for Patients Younger Than 40 Years of Age (2010)

We present the largest prospectively studied cohort of young patients undergoing microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma. These data suggest that surgical resection provides excellent long-term tumor control in these patients.
Synthesis and Application of Palladium Precatalysts that Accommodate Extremely Bulky Di-tert-butylphosphino Biaryl Ligands (2013)

A series of palladacyclic precatalysts that incorporate electron-rich di-tert-butylphosphino biaryl ligands is reported. These precatalysts are easily prepared, and their use provides a general means of employing bulky ligands in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The application of these palladium sources to various C-N and C-O bond-forming processes is also described.
A study of ignition time for materials exposed to DC arcing in PV systems (2011)

This study examines the factors that influence the time to first ignition and burn through for materials, found in PV power systems, when exposed to DC arcing. Materials of interest include PV wire insulation, connectors, metal conduits, and insulation. The most important factors for the time to ignition are the power density absorbed and the material threshold. The most important factors for burn through are power density, heat released by polymers, thickness and flame retardant chemistry. Ignition occurs when the arc power and time of exposure are sufficient to produce localized heating that exceeds material thresholds. Data shows that arcs as low as 200 watts, at a radius of 10 mm, will ignite most plastics in 4 seconds. A radiation model is presented to calculate the absorbed power density. Times to the first ignition, re-flash, burn rate and flame retardants are factors in the prediction. The ratio of arc power density to the peak heat release rate of polymers is used in the burn through time prediction. A burn through time vs. arc watt correlation has been established. Burn through time is sensitive to the power density absorbed by the exposed material and includes geometry factors and material thresholds. Radiated power density is driven by arc power density. Arc power is determined by arc current, and arc gap. Ignition time & burn through estimates can be used to establish an AFCI trip curve to reduce the risk of fires due to arcing.
Generation of 150-fs tunable pulses in Cr:LiSrAlF_6 (1992)

We report ultrashort-pulse generation in a Cr:LiSrAlF6 solid-state laser. The 15-mm crystal was pumped by 1 W of red light from a cw krypton laser and actively mode locked at an 82-MHz repetition frequency using an acousto-optic modulator. Wavelength tuning was demonstrated over the range 800–880 nm, limited by the bandwidth of the optical components. By including intracavity dispersion compensation, pulse widths of 150 fs were obtained with evidence that self-phase modulation contributes to spectral broadening and pulse shortening.
Belief propagation based localization and mapping using sparsely sampled GNSS SNR measurements (2014)

A novel approach is proposed to achieve simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals. It is assumed that the environment is unknown and that the receiver location measurements (provided by a GNSS receiver) are noisy. The 3D environment map is decomposed into a grid of binary-state cells (occupancy grid) and the receiver locations are approximated by sets of particles. Using a large number of sparsely sampled GNSS SNR measurements and receiver/satellite coordinates (all available from off-the-shelf GNSS receivers), likelihoods of blockage are associated with every receiver-to-satellite beam. The posterior distribution of the map and poses is shown to represent a factor graph, on which Loopy Belief Propagation is used to efficiently estimate the probabilities of each cell being occupied or empty, along with the probability of the particles for each receiver location. Experimental results demonstrate our algorithm's ability to coarsely map (in three dimensions) a corner of a university campus, while also correcting for uncertainties in the location of the GNSS receiver.
Contribution au développement de modèles orientés système pour les antennes des communications Ultra Large Bande (2007)

Ultra-Wideband is a promising technology for future short-range wireless communications with high data rates as well as radar and localisation. In this thesis, we are interested to UWB antennas and especially to their characterization and modelization. The characteristics of the UWB antennas are emphasized compared to antennas of the narrow band systems. We show that a relevant representation is to model the UWB antennas as linear and time invariant systems. We propose new definitions for the transfer functions and associated impulse responses. The “system” characterization is completed adding parametric modelization to reduce the number of required data and also to integrate the models of the antennas in various simulation systems. The proposed modelings are issued to electromagnetic simulations and measurement in the frequency domain. Moreover, several UWB antennas are considered.
Novel Hyperbranched Glycomimetics Recognized by the Human Mannose Receptor: Quinic or Shikimic Acid Derivatives as Mannose Bioisosteres (2001)

The mannose receptor mediates the internalization of a wide range of molecules or microorganisms in a pattern recognition manner. Therefore, it represents an attractive entry for specific drug, gene, or antigen delivery to macrophages and dendritic cells. In an attempt to design novel effective synthetic mannose receptor ligands, quinic and shikimic acid were selected as putative mannose mimics on the basis of X-ray crystallographic data from the related rat mannose-binding lectin. As the mannose receptor preferentially binds to molecules displaying several sugar residues, fluorescein-labeled cluster quinic and shikimic acid derivatives with valencies of two to eight were synthesized. Their mannose receptor mediated uptake was assayed on monocyte-derived human dendritic cells by cytofluorimetric analysis. Mannose-receptor specificity was further assessed by competitive inhibition assays with mannan, by confocal microscopy analysis, and by expression of the mannose receptor in transfected Cos-1 cells. Constructs derived from both quinic and shikimic acid were efficiently recognized by the mannose receptor with an optimum affinity for the molecules with a valency of four. As a result, commercially available quinic and shikimic acids appear as stable mannose bioisosteres, which should prove valuable tools for specific cell delivery.
Molecular vaccines for malaria (2010)

The basic premise of vaccination is the triggering of host immune responses leading to the induction of adaptive immunity having sufficient magnitude and duration to provide long term protection. This has been achieved by many licensed vaccines, the majority based on attenuated or inactivated organisms, although often the protective antigens and underlying molecular mechanisms have not been identified. However, this traditional approach has not led to the development of a licensed vaccine for malaria or for several other devastating infectious diseases. Recently, substantial efforts have been focused on applying rational molecular design principles toward the development of novel vaccines for these refractory pathogens. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects of antigen design, adjuvant advancement and the development of vaccine delivery systems as they are being applied to malaria vaccines.
Synthetic Biology: Engineering, Evolution and Design (SEED) Conference 2014 (2015)

SEED2014 focused on advances in the science and technology emerging from the field of synthetic biology. We broadly define this as technologies that accelerate the process of genetic engineering. It highlighted new tool development, as well as the application of these tools to diverse problems in biotechnology, including therapeutics, industrial chemicals and fuels, natural products, and agriculture. Systems spanned from in vitro experiments and viruses, through diverse bacteria, to eukaryotes (yeast, mammalian cells, plants).
Immersion patterning down to 27nm half pitch (2006)

Liquid immersion interference lithography at 157nm has been used to print gratings of 27nm half pitch with a fluorine-doped fused silica prism having index of 1.66. In order to achieve these dimensions, new immersion fluids have been designed and synthesized. These are partially fluorinated organosiloxanes with indexes up to 1.5. Their absorbance is on the order of 0.4∕μm (base 10), enabling the use of liquid films with micron-size thickness. To utilize these semiabsorptive fluids, an immersion interference printer has been designed, built, and implemented for handling micron-scale liquid layers.
N-octanoyl dopamine donor treatment in a brain death model in rats improves both donor and graft left ventricular function after heart transplantation (2014)

Objectives: Heart transplantation became the most effective treatment for end-stage heart failure. Donors after brain death are currently the only reliable source for cardiac transplants. However, hemodynamic instability and cardiac dysfunction have been demonstrated in brain-dead (BD) donors and this could therefore also affect the graft response after heart transplantation. N-octanoyl dopamine (NOD), a novel dopamine derivate, has been shown to protect tissue against hypothermic preservation. We tested the hypothesis that treatment of the BD donor with NOD improves both donor cardiac and graft function after heart transplantation.
Hole Mobility and Diffusion Coefficient in Strained andRelaxed Doped GexSi1-xAlloys (1999)

We have calculated the hole mobility and diffusion coefficient in relaxed and strained GexSi1-x alloys grown on ⟨001⟩ Si, taking into account the detailed valence band structure. The acoustic phonon, non-polar optical phonon, alloy as well as ionized impurity scattering are included. Results are reported for Ge fractions varying from 0 to 100 percent, for lattice temperatures between 100 K and 500 K, and the doping concentration varies between 1013–1020 cm-3. Adopted valence band structures rely on the k · p perturbation theory and include heavy, light and spin split-off bands. The calculations show that the light hole contribution to the total mobility can be dominant even if the corresponding band population is small. This is due to the small effective mass of the light hole. Calculations also show that the strained mobility components are significantly larger than the relaxed mobility components. The diffusion coefficient has a behavior similar to the total hole mobility.
Multispectral image compression for high-quality color reproduction using JPEG2000 (2004)

Color reproduction systems using multispectral imaging techniques make it possible to accurately reproduce the color of the original object under various viewing illuminants. In this paper, a multispectral image compression method for high fidelity color reproduction is proposed in consideration of color degradation. In the proposed method, a spectral transform and a nonlinear quantization designed to reduce colorimetric error are combined with the discrete wavelet transform in JPEG2000. Through the experiments using some 16-band multispectral images, it is confirmed that the proposed method reduces the average and the maximum color differences in L*a*b* color space in comparison with the conventional methods.
Hydrogel discs for digital microfluidics (2012)

Hydrogels are networks of hydrophilic polymer chains that are swollen with water, and they are useful for a wide range of applications because they provide stable niches for immobilizing proteins and cells. We report here the marriage of hydrogels with digital microfluidic devices. Until recently, digital microfluidics, a fluid handling technique in which discrete droplets are manipulated electromechanically on the surface of an array of electrodes, has been used only for homogeneous systems involving liquid reagents. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the cylindrical hydrogel discs can be incorporated into digital microfluidic systems and that these discs can be systematically addressed by droplets of reagents. Droplet movement is observed to be unimpeded by interaction with the gel discs, and gel discs remain stationary when droplets pass through them. Analyte transport into gel discs is observed to be identical to diffusion in cases in which droplets are incubated with gels passively, but transport is enhanced when droplets are continually actuated through the gels. The system is useful for generating integrated enzymatic microreactors and for three-dimensional cell culture. This paper demonstrates a new combination of techniques for lab-on-a-chip systems which we propose will be useful for a wide range of applications.
Maintaining consistency between systemC and RTL system designs (2006)

We describe how system design consistency can be maintained across multiple levels of design abstraction using a modular verification IP strategy. This strategy involves delivery of verification IP in an environment independent manner, utilizing a standard system verification architecture that leverages re-usable component verification drivers, transaction-based interfaces, and synchronization through a system-verification master. This enables a single test-bench to be applied for systems modeled both in SystemC, as well as at the RT level. The configuration of the verification testbench is kept consistent with the design by using system-design meta-data described using the specifications of The SPIRIT Consortium.
Mutation of a Termination Codon Affects src Initiation (1984)

The four Rous sarcoma virus messages gag, gag-pol, env, and src all derive from a full-length RNA precursor. All four messages contain the same 5' leader segment. Three of the messages, gag, gag-pol, and env, use an AUG present in this leader to initiate translation. The src AUG initiation codon lies 3' of the leader segment, 90 bases downstream of the gag initiation codon in the spliced src message. However, in the spliced src message a UGA termination codon lies between the gag AUG and the src AUG. All three codons are in the same reading frame. By using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, the UGA termination codon has been converted to CGA. Cells infected with the mutant (called 1057 CGA) were spindle shaped, distinct from the rounded shape of cells infected with the parental Rous sarcoma virus. The mutant virus initiates src translation at the gag AUG, producing a 63,000-dalton src protein. We suggest that the wild-type src message produces two polypeptides, a very small (nine-amino acid) peptide that is initiated at the gag AUG and the 60,000-dalton src protein that is initiated at the src AUG.
Effect of intraoperative radiation therapy for pancreatic cancer on immunological parameters. (1990)

術中照射療法が免疫能に及ぼす影響, ことにNKおよびLAK活性の変動に関する報告は皆無である.総線量2,000～3,000cGyの分割外部照射を施行した6例 (直腸癌3例, 食道癌2例, 胆管癌1例) を対照として, 3,000～3,500cGyの術中開創照射を施行した切除不能膵癌7例の免疫能を比較した結果, NK活性は, 分割照射では平均8%活性が低下するのに対し, 術中照射では照射後に7%も上昇した.また, LAK活性は, 分割照射では平均26%低下したが, 術中照射では軽度抑制されたにすぎなかった.IFN-γによるキラー活性もむしろ術中照射後に9%の上昇を認めた.IAP値は術中照射では平均131μg/mlの上昇に対し, 分割照射では215μg/ml上昇した.しかし, PHA幼若化率はいずれも著変を認めず, OKT4/8比は他の免疫パラメーターとは反対の変動を示した.以上より, 1回大量照射法は開腹手術を施行しているにもかかわらず, 免疫反応を低下させず, むしろ回復させる方向に作用することが明らかとなった.
High frequency oscillation in photonic crystal nanolasers (2004)

We observed modulated oscillations in lasers of up to 130 GHz by conducting frequency domain measurements on photonic crystal lasers with built-in saturable absorbers. This is an example of how the small volumes of photonic crystal lasers lead to increases in the internal modulation frequencies and enables dramatic improvements of the laser modulation rate.
Modular, Stereocontrolled Cβ–H/Cα–C Activation of Alkyl Carboxylic Acids (2019)

The union of two powerful transformations, directed C–H activation and decarboxylative cross-coupling, for the enantioselective synthesis of vicinally functionalized alkyl, carbocyclic, and heterocyclic compounds is described. Starting from simple carboxylic acid building blocks, this modular sequence exploits the residual directing group to access more than 50 scaffolds that would be otherwise extremely difficult to prepare. The tactical use of these two transformations accomplishes a formal vicinal difunctionalization of carbon centers in a way that is modular and thus amenable to rapid diversity incorporation. A simplification of routes to known preclinical drug candidates is presented along with the rapid diversification of an antimalarial compound series.