gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NCOG-01. PRESERVATION OF NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION (NCF) WITH HIPPOCAMPAL AVOIDANCE DURING WHOLE-BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY (WBRT) FOR BRAIN METASTASES: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF PHASE III TRIAL NRG ONCOLOGY CC001 (2018)

PURPOSE: NRG CC001, a phase III trial of WBRT plus memantine with or without hippocampal avoidance, sought to evaluate the neuro-protective effects of avoiding the hippocampus using intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Adult patients with brain metastases were stratified by RPA class and receipt of prior radiosurgery/surgery and randomized to WBRT+memantine (WBRT+M) versus hippocampal-avoidant WBRT+memantine (HA-WBRT+M) (30Gy in 10 fractions). Standardized NCF tests were performed at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. The primary endpoint was time to NCF failure, defined as decline on at least one of the following tests using the reliable change index: Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Trail Making Test, or Controlled Oral Word Association. Cumulative incidence was used to estimate time to NCF failure (death without NCF failure was treated as competing risk) with between-arms differences tested using Grays test. To detect an 11% absolute reduction in 6-month NCF failure, 382 analyzable patients were required for 90% power with two-sided =0.05. Due to possible non-compliance, the sample size was increased by 25% (510 patients). From July 2016 to March 2018, 518 patients were randomized. Median age was 61.5 years. Median follow-up for alive patients was 6.1 months. Treatment arms did not differ in grade3 toxicity, overall survival, intracranial progression, or baseline NCF. Time to NCF failure was significantly longer in favor of HA-WBRT+M (p=0.012). The 6-month NCF failure rates were 69.1% (95% CI:61.8–75.3%) vs. 58.0% (95% CI:50.2–64.9%) for WBRT+M vs. HA-WBRT+M, respectively. After adjusting for stratification factors, HA-WBRT+M (hazard ratio (HR)=0.73, 95%CI:0.56–0.94, p=0.016) and age 61 years (HR=0.61, 95%CI:0.46–0.81, p=0.0006) remained significant. Preliminary analysis confirms that conformal avoidance of the neuro-regenerative hippocampal stem cell compartment during WBRT preserves neurocognitive function while achieving similar intracranial control and survival. Supported by grants UG1CA189867 (NCORP), U10CA180868 (NRG Oncology Operations), DCP from the National Cancer Institute.
Some molecular motions in epoxy polymers: a carbon-13 solid-state NMR study (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome molecular motions in epoxy polymers: a carbon-13 solid-state NMR studyA. N. Garroway, W. M. Ritchey, and William B. MonizCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 4, 1051–1063Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00232a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00232a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views363Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Circadian rhythms-related disorders in diurnal fat sand rats under modern lifestyle conditions: A review (2022)

Modern lifestyle reduces environmental rhythmicity and may lead to circadian desynchrony. We are exposed to poor day-time lighting indoors and excessive night-time artificial light. We use air-conditioning to reduce ambient temperature cycle, and food is regularly available at all times. These disruptions of daily rhythms may lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, cardiometabolic diseases (CMD), depression and anxiety, all of which impose major public health and economic burden on societies. Therefore, we need appropriate animal models to gain a better understanding of their etiologic mechanisms, prevention, and management.We argue that the fat sand rat (<i>Psammomys obesus</i>), a diurnal animal model, is most suitable for studying the effects of modern-life conditions. Numerous attributes make it an excellent model to study human health disorders including T2DM, CMD, depression and anxiety. Here we review a comprehensive series of studies we and others conducted, utilizing the fat sand rat to study the underlying interactions between biological rhythms and health. Understanding these interactions will help deciphering the biological basis of these diseases, which often occur concurrently. We found that when kept in the laboratory (compared with natural and semi-wild outdoors conditions where they are diurnal), fat sand rats show low amplitude, nocturnal or arrhythmic activity patterns, dampened daily glucose rhythm, glucose intolerance, obesity and decreased survival rates. Short photoperiod acclimation exacerbates these pathologies and further dampens behavioral and molecular daily rhythms, resulting in CMD, T2DM, obesity, adipocyte dysfunction, cataracts, depression and anxiety. Increasing environmental rhythmicity by morning bright light exposure or by access to running wheels strengthens daily rhythms, and results in higher peak-to-trough difference in activity, better rhythmicity in clock genes expression, lower blood glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, lower body and heart weight, and lower anxiety and depression. In summary, we have demonstrated that fat sand rats living under the correspondent of "human modern lifestyle" conditions exhibit dampened behavioral and biological rhythms and develop circadian desynchrony, which leads to what we have named "The Circadian Syndrome". Environmental manipulations that increase rhythmicity result in improvement or prevention of these pathologies. Similar interventions in human subjects could have the same positive results and further research on this should be undertaken.
Polarization-dependent ablation of silicon using tightly focused femtosecond laser vortex pulses (2012)

We demonstrate experimentally that, in a tight focusing geometry, circularly polarized femtosecond laser vortex pulses ablate material differently depending on the handedness of light. This effect offers an additional degree of freedom to control the shape and size of laser-machined structures on a subwavelength scale.
LDL enhances monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro. (1986)

Monocyte adhesion to the arterial endothelium is an early event in diet-induced atherogenesis. The possibility that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may influence this adhesion was investigated by using an in vitro monolayer collection assay. Postprandial and fasting LDL was isolated from 12 normal adult human donors (8 male and 4 female) and incubated with primary cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) for 6 hours. 51Cr-labeled mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) were then added and incubated an additional 30 minutes. When results were expressed as the ratio of adherent counts per minute in LDL-treated BAEC cultures to that in PBS-treated controls, 10 of the 16 LDL samples isolated from male donors induced a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in MNL adhesion (1.06-1.27) attributable to esterase-positive cells. This increase was dose-dependent and maximal at 100 micrograms LDL protein/ml. The magnitude of the response was significantly correlated with LDL composition (r = 0.857, P less than 0.01) such that LDL rich in cholesterol and triglyceride relative to protein enhanced MNL adhesion, whereas lipid-poor LDL (typically isolated from the women) reduced adhesion.
Transverse light guides in microstructured optical fibers (2006)

A novel class of microstructured optical fiber coupler is introduced that operates by resonant, rather than proximity, energy transfer by means of transverse light guides built into a fiber cross section. Such a design permits significant spatial separation between interacting fibers, which, in turn, eliminates intercore cross talk owing to proximity coupling. A controllable energy transfer between the cores is then achieved by localized and highly directional transmission through a transverse light guide. The main advantage of this coupling scheme is its inherent scalability, as one can integrate additional fiber cores into the existing fiber cross section simply by placing the cores far enough from the existing optical circuitry to prevent proximity cross talk and then making the necessary intercore connections with transverse light wires, in direct analogy with on-chip electronics integration.
A New Device for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Pneumothorax (1979)

A new closed-system device for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax was evaluated in ten New Zealand white rabbits and compared with and open-system needle. The closed-system device proved to be safe for diagnostic thoracentesis. There were no pneumothoraces as a result of the procedure with the closed-system device as confirmed by chest roentgenograms and pleural pressure measurements. In contrast, 70% of the diagnostic thoracenteses with the open-system needle were associated with pneumothorax documented by x-ray films and a significant increase in mean pleural pressure. The new apparatus was more efficacious for evacuation of pneumothoraces because complete air removal occurred in 90% of the rabbits as compared with 60% of trials with the open-system needle. If the efficacy of the new closed-system device proves to be good in human infants, the pediatrician encountering a tension pneumothorax in the newborn can use a completely assembled system that is safe for diagnosing and treating this acute life-threatening condition.
Diamine ligands in copper-catalyzed reactions (2010)

The utility of copper-mediated cross-coupling reactions has been significantly increased by the development of mild reaction conditions and the ability to employ catalytic amounts of copper. The use of diamine-based ligands has been important in these advances and in this review we discuss these systems, including the choice of reaction conditions and applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, natural products and designed materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Gold Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes under Basic Conditions. (2015)

Abstract The title reaction proceeds under weakly basic conditions and is compatible with acid‐sensitive functional groups.
Crystal Structures of the CP1 Domain from Thermus thermophilus Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase and Its Complex with l-Valine (2004)

Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS) links tRNA(Ile) with not only its cognate isoleucine but also the nearly cognate valine. The CP1 domain of IleRS deacylates, or edits, the mischarged Val-tRNA(Ile). We determined the crystal structures of the Thermus thermophilus IleRS CP1 domain alone, and in its complex with valine at 1.8- and 2.0-A resolutions, respectively. In the complex structure, the Asp(328) residue, which was shown to be critical for the editing reaction against Val-tRNA(Ile) by a previous mutational analysis, recognizes the valine NH(3)(+) group. The valine side chain binding pocket is only large enough to accommodate valine, and the placement of an isoleucine model in this location revealed that the additional methylene group of isoleucine would clash with His(319). The H319A mutant of Escherichia coli IleRS reportedly deacylates the cognate Ile-tRNA(Ile) in addition to Val-tRNA(Ile), indicating that the valine-binding mode found in this study represents that in the Val-tRNA(Ile) editing reaction. Analyses of the Val-tRNA(Ile) editing activities of T. thermophilus IleRS mutants revealed the importance of Thr(228), Thr(229), Thr(230), and Asp(328), which are coordinated with water molecules in the present structure. The structural model for the Val-adenosine moiety of Val-tRNA(Ile) bound in the IleRS editing site revealed some interesting differences in the substrate binding and recognizing mechanisms between IleRS and T. thermophilus leucyl-tRNA synthetase. For example, the carbonyl oxygens of the amino acids are located opposite to each other, relative to the adenosine ribose ring, and are differently recognized.
Erythrose and Threose: Carbonyl Migrations, Epimerizations, Aldol, and Oxidative Fragmentation Reactions under Plausible Prebiotic Conditions (2022)

Abstract The prebiotic generation of sugars in the context of origins of life studies is of considerable interest. Among the important intramolecular processes of sugars are carbonyl migrations and accompanying epimerizations. Herein we describe the carbonyl migration‐epimerization process occurring down the entire carbon chain of chirally pure d ‐tetroses sugars under mild conditions. Employing chirally pure 1‐ 13 C‐erythrose, 4‐ 13 C‐erythrose and 1‐ 13 C‐threose, we (1) identify all the species formed as the carbonyl migrates down the four‐carbon chain and (2) assess the rates associated with the production of each of these species. Competing aldol reactions and oxidative fragmentation processes were also observed. Further observations of self‐condensation of glycolaldehyde mainly yielding 2‐keto‐hexoses (sorbose and tagatose) and tetrulose also provides a basis for understanding the effect of carbonyl migrations on the product distribution in plausible prebiotic scenarios.
Influence of mechanical and electric current activation on the mechanism of formation and the properties of bulk B4C-TiB2 composites obtained by reactive sintering (2013)

The preparation of dense nanostructured B4C-TiB2 is investigated through the combination of mechanical (Ball Milling) and electric current (Spark Plasma Sintering or SPS) activation of Ti, B and graphite powders. The full conversion of 8h milled reactants is obtained at much lower temperature (about 1200 °C), as compared to simply blended mixtures (&amp;gt;1600 °C). The formation of TiB2 generally precedes that of B4. In addition, regardless of the milling treatment, an increase of the heating rate during SPS is found to produce a transition of the mechanism governing the formation of TiB2 and B4, i.e. from gradual solidsolid to rapid combustion-type behavior. However, when unmilled powders are used, unreacted and intermediate species are still present in the product resulting after the combustion synthesis reaction takes place during sintering. In contrast, ball milled powders reacted completely under combustion regime, even when relatively milder heating rate conditions are adopted. SPS product density increases from about 82 % to 94 % of the theoretical value (I = 1100 A), as a consequence of the mechanical treatment. Correspondingly, a material with homogeneous phase distribution and grain size down to 100-200 nm is obtained. A further improvement of product density (&amp;gt; 96.5 %) is produced, at the expenses of a certain grain growth, when the applied current intensity is augmented to 1200 A.
Decoupling inter- and intra-dimer singlet fission (2017)

The rate of singlet fission in a dimer is known to be dependent on the coupling between the two chromophores that make up the dimer. A series of ethynyltetraceme dimers have been synthesized with the chromophore units at ortho-, meta- and para- configurations. Broadband femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy and time-correlated single photon counting has been used to observe the singlet state, the multiexciton state and the separated triplet states in these dimers in both solution and neat film phases. In solution, only the para-dimer forms separated triplets while the meta-dimer does not undergo singlet fission at all. In neat films, inter-dimer chromophore interactions lead to singlet fission in both the meta-dimer and the para-dimer. Target analysis using compartmental kinetic models allows for the spectral features of the different excited states in singlet fission to be resolved, along with the rate constants of the excited state processes involved.
Geometrical Description of Protein Structural Motifs (2018)

We present a geometrical method that can identify secondary structural motifs in proteins via angular correlations. The method uses crystal structure coordinates to calculate angular and radial signatures of each residue relative to an external reference point as the number of nearest-neighbor residues increases. We apply our approach to the blue copper protein amicyanin using the copper cofactor as the external reference point. We define a signature termed Δβ which describes the change in angular correlation as the span of nearest neighbor residues increases. We find that three turn regions of amicyanin harbor residues with Δβ near zero, while residues in other secondary structures have Δβ greater than zero: for β-strands, Δβ changes gradually residue by residue along the strand. Extension of our analysis to other blue copper proteins demonstrated that the noted structural trends are general. Importantly, our geometrical description of the folded protein accounts for all forces holding the structure together. Through this analysis, we identified some of the turns in amicyanin as symmetrical anchor points.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Activity Regulates c-FLIP Expression in Tumor Cells (2001)

The caspase-8 homologue FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) functions as a caspase-8 dominant negative, blocking apoptosis induced by the oligomerization of the adapter protein FADD/MORT-1. FLIP expression correlates with resistance to apoptosis induced by various members of the tumor necrosis factor family such as TRAIL. Furthermore, forced expression of FLIP renders cells resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Although FLIP expression is regulated primarily by MEK1 activity in activated T cells, the oncogenic signaling pathways that regulate FLIP expression in tumor cells are largely unknown. In this report, we examined the roles of the MAP kinase and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase signaling pathways in the regulation of FLIP expression in tumor cells. We observed that the MEK1 inhibitor PD98059 reduced FLIP levels in only 2 of 11 tumor cell lines tested. In contrast, disruption of the PI 3-kinase pathway with the specific inhibitor LY294002 reduced Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation and the levels of FLIP protein and mRNA in all cell lines evaluated. The introduction of a dominant negative Akt adenoviral construct also consistently reduced FLIP expression as well as the phosphorylation of the Akt target glycogen synthase kinase-3. In addition, infection of the same cell lines with a constitutively active Akt adenovirus increased FLIP expression and the phosphorylation of GSK-3. These data add FLIP to the growing list of apoptosis inhibitors in which expression or function is regulated by the PI 3-kinase-Akt pathway.
Improved Performance of High Voltage Graphite/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Batteries with Added Lithium Tetramethyl Borate (2015)

Lithium tetramethyl borate (LTMB, LiB(OCH3)4) has been prepared and investigated as a novel cathode film forming additive to improve the performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes cycled to high potential (4.25-4.8 V). Addition of LTMB to 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC/EMC (3/7, v/v) improves the capacity retention of graphite/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cells cycled at 55°C. The added LTMB is sacrificially oxidized on the surface of the cathode during the first charging cycle. Ex-situ surface analysis of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the presence of a borate based passivating layer which appears to inhibit electrolyte oxidation on the cathode surface.
An Improved Image Reconstruction Method for a Chopperless Pyroelectric Infrared Image Sensor (2002)

This paper presents an improved method of image reconstruction from the chopperless pyroelectric infrared image sensors. In the chopperless image sensor using chip shift operation, the output is a spatially differentiated image. The original IR light image can be reconstructed from the sensor output using the spatial integration. The improved method uses the chip shift operations to both x and y direction to cancel the stripe shape noise. This technique much improves the quality of the reconstructed image.
The breast cancer paradox: A systematic review of the association between area-level deprivation and breast cancer screening uptake in Europe (2019)

Breast cancer rates are lower amongst women from more socio-economically deprived areas. However, their mortality rates are higher. One explanation of this breast cancer paradox is that women from more deprived areas are less likely to attend breast cancer screening programmes. This systematic review is the first to examine this issue in Europe. A systematic review of Embase, Medline and PsychINFO (from 2008 to 2019) was undertaken (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018083703). Observational studies were included if they were based in Europe, measured breast cancer screening uptake, compared at least two areas, included an area-level measure of socio-economic deprivation and were published in the English language. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used to assess study quality and risk of bias. Thirteen studies from seven different European countries met our inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In ten of the thirteen studies, there was a significant negative association between screening uptake and area-level socio-economic deprivation - with women living in more socio-economically deprived neighbourhoods less likely to attend breast cancer screening. Although universal screening programmes were provided in most studies, there were still strong negative associations between screening uptake and area-level socio-economic deprivation. Future breast cancer screening strategies should acknowledge these challenges, and consider developing targeted interventions in more deprived areas to increase screening participation.