gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable image coding with projection-based context modeling (2002)

Many state-of-the-art wavelet image coders use nonorthogonal transforms for both lossy and lossless wavelet image coding. In this paper, a projection prediction is described that capitalizes on the non-orthogonality of wavelet transform basis vectors to improve the prediction of high-frequency coefficients. For lossy wavelet coders, the prediction yields improved context modeling and up to .2 dB coding improvement. For lossless integer wavelet coders, the prediction can be used as an extra lifting step during the transform, and results in a lower first-order entropy of wavelet coefficients and lower subsequent coding rate than current integer wavelet transforms.
Work Hardening Behavior of Aluminum over a Wide Range of Strain (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Material and Procedures Experimental Results Discussion Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgement
Optically smart surfaces for aerodynamic measurements (1995)

Abstract : This effort was to develop optically smart surfaces for aerodynamic measurement applications. Phase I established the feasibility of incorporating an optical sensor in a thin holographic coating placed on an arbitrary metallic surface. These holograms store a complex optical instrument which is actuated by impinging an 'address' beam. Information is impressed by the sensor upon the address beam before it is returned to a receiver. Phase II moved these sensors from the basic research laboratory to a wind tunnel environment. Holographic sensors to measure velocity and skin friction were designed, constructed and tested in a calibration channel located at the University of California Irvine and a transonic wind tunnel located at Wright Laboratory. Efforts were made to improve sensor ruggedness and reproducibility by development techniques to produce nickel shims and mylar peel and stick sensors.
Cancer-associated hypersialylated MUC1 drives the differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages with a pathogenic phenotype (2020)

The tumour microenvironment plays a crucial role in the growth and progression of cancer, and the presence of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with poor prognosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that TAMs display transcriptomic, phenotypic, functional and geographical diversity. Here we show that a sialylated tumour-associated glycoform of the mucin MUC1, MUC1-ST, through the engagement of Siglec-9 can specifically and independently induce the differentiation of monocytes into TAMs with a unique phenotype that to the best of our knowledge has not previously been described. These TAMs can recruit and prolong the lifespan of neutrophils, inhibit the function of T cells, degrade basement membrane allowing for invasion, are inefficient at phagocytosis, and can induce plasma clotting. This macrophage phenotype is enriched in the stroma at the edge of breast cancer nests and their presence is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.
Far-field optical nanoscopy of diamond color centers (2009)

Fluorescent nitrogen vacancies (NV) in diamond have drawn much interest because of their potential for computation and quantum cryptography, as well as for nanoscale magnetic imaging and biolabeling due to their special spin and fluorescence properties. However, their optical detection and control is compromised by the diffraction resolution barrier of far-field optics. We showed that stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is capable of imaging NV centres with nanoscale resolution and Angstrom precision using focused visible light [1].
Systems immunology of transcriptional responses to viral infection identifies conserved antiviral pathways across macaques and humans (2023)

ABSTRACT Viral pandemics and epidemics pose a significant global threat, with emerging and re-emerging viruses responsible for four pandemics in the 21st century alone. While macaques have been utilized as a model for understanding viral disease in a controlled setting, it remains unclear how conserved the antiviral responses to diverse viruses are between macaques and humans. To address this critical knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive cross-species analysis of transcriptomic data from over 6000 blood samples from macaques and humans infected with one of 31 viruses, including Lassa, Ebola, Marburg, Zika, and dengue. Our findings demonstrate that irrespective of primate or viral species, there are conserved antiviral responses which are consistent regardless of infection phase (acute, chronic, or latent) and viral genome type (DNA or RNA viruses). Moreover, by leveraging longitudinal data from experimental challenges, we identified virus-specific response dynamics such as host responses to Coronaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae infections peaking 1-3 days earlier than responses to Filoviridae and Arenaviridae viral infections. Additionally, through comparative analysis of immune responses across viruses, we identified a unique enrichment of lymphoid cellular response modules in macaque Flaviviridae infection that persists in human responses to dengue. Our results underscore macaque studies as a powerful tool for gaining new insights into viral pathogenesis and immune responses that translate to humans, which can inform viral therapeutic development and enable pandemic preparedness. One sentence summary Using longitudinal macaque viral challenge studies, we identified shared and virus-specific responses to infection that replicate in human viral disease - thereby demonstrating the utility of macaque models of viral infection to understand antiviral biology and for pandemic preparedness.
Saffold Cardiovirus in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis, Beijing, China (2009)

To understand Saffold cardiovirus (SAFV) distribution, prevalence, and clinical relevance in China, we retrospectively studied SAFV in children with acute gastroenteritis and found SAFV in 12 (3.2%) of 373. Sequence homology of virus protein 1 genes suggested these strains belong to the SAFV-1 sublineage. SAFVs were found in samples positive for other diarrhea-causing viruses.
Targeting CD47 as a Novel Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma (2020)

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains to be incurable despite recent therapeutic advances. CD47, an immune checkpoint known as the "don't eat me" signal, is highly expressed on the surface of various cancers, allowing cancer cells to send inhibitory signals to macrophages and impede phagocytosis and immune response. In this study, we hypothesized that blocking the "don't eat me" signaling using an anti-CD47 monoclonal antibody will induce killing of MM cells. We report that CD47 expression was directly correlated with stage of the disease, from normal to MGUS to MM. Moreover, MM cells had remarkably higher CD47 expression than other cell populations in the bone marrow. These findings indicate that CD47 is specifically expressed on MM and can be used as a potential therapeutic target. Further, blocking of CD47 using an anti-CD47 antibody induced immediate activation of macrophages, which resulted in induction of phagocytosis and killing of MM cells in the 3D-tissue engineered bone marrow model, as early as 4 hours. These results suggest that macrophage checkpoint immunotherapy by blocking the CD47 "don't eat me" signal is a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of MM, providing a basis for additional studies to validate these effects in vivo and in patients.
Efficient Sensor Data Inclusion in Enterprise Services. (2009)

Modern enterprises need to be agile and dynamically support decision making processes at several levels. To achieve that, critical information need to be available at the right point in a timely manner, and in the right form. The data stream that flows from the real world devices towards enterprise systems, needs to be integrated, processed within a specific context and be communicated on-demand and on-time. In the future event-based infrastructures where millions of devices will openly cooperate, traditional approaches aiming at the efficient data inclusion in enterprise services need to be changed. This paper focuses on the requirements enterprise systems pose to clusters of devices such as the wireless sensor networks, and the directions that could be followed. 1
ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUATING ROADSIDE SAFETY SYSTEMS (1998)

The performance of roadside safety devices has traditionally been evaluated through full-scale crash testing. Although full-scale crash testing has proven to be an effective method of evaluating the impact performance of roadside safety systems, the associated high costs of research have severely limited development of new systems. A number of alternative evaluation procedures have been developed in an effort to reduce costs. The alternate procedures include using scale models, surrogate vehicle (pendulum or bogie) testing, and computer simulation. Each of these techniques is described in this paper and examples showing successful applications are included.
Optical gain of single-mode short Er/Yb doped fibers (2004)

Gain and output power as a function of pump power has been calculated for short Er/Yb doped single mode fibers for various fiber parameters. The calculation shows (i) small signal gain increases with increasing Er concentration, (ii) long fiber lengths provide both higher gain and higher output, (iii) calculated gain is larger for higher Er emission cross section, and, (iv) > 25 dB gain is feasible for 5 cm long fiber for Er and Yb concentrations of 3 X 10<sup>26</sup> m<sup>-3</sup> and 1.2 X 10<sup>27</sup> m<sup>-3</sup> . Gain of 14 dB has been observed in a 30 mm long fiber at 400 mW. The observed gain is found to be linearly proportional to the length of the fiber with a slope of 0.44 dB/mm at 400 mW of pump power.
Lipophilic N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Catalysts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Cumene: Towards Solvent‐Free Conditions and Back (2017)

A new class of lipophilic N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) catalysts designed for the aerobic oxidation of cumene in solvent-free conditions was synthesized and tested. The specific strategy proposed for the introduction of lipophilic tails on the NHPI moiety leads to lipophilic catalysts that-while completely preserving the activity of the precursor-allow the catalytic oxidation to be conducted in neat cumene, for the first time. The corresponding cumyl hydroperoxide is obtained in good yields (28-52 %) and with high selectivity (95-97 %), under mild conditions. Importantly, the presence of a polar solvent is no longer required to guarantee complete solubilization of the catalyst. On the other hand, the oxidation conducted in neat cumene reveals the unexpected necessity of using small amounts of acetonitrile to fully promote the hydrogen atom transfer process and prevent the catalyst from detrimental hydrogen-bond (HB) driven aggregation.
HLA studies of endemic african kaposi's sarcoma patients and matched controls: No association with hla‐DR5 (1987)

In the search for a genetic factor involved in the etiology of Kaposi's sarcoma, several studies have recently focused on a significantly increased HLA determinant, DR5, as well as a decreased DR3, among patients with both the classical and the AIDS-related form of Kaposi's sarcoma. To test the consistency of this phenomenon, we analysed the frequencies of HLA immunogenetic markers in 23 histologically confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma patients from Central Africa, where this tumor is endemic, and a local sex- and tribe-matched control group. No definite association was observed for any of the HLA antigens, including DR5 and DR3. We were not able to support the hypothesis that the same HLA-associated immune susceptibility factors are involved in all types of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Adenohypophyseal Secretory Granules (1971)

Abstract Pure secretory granules are isolated in high yield from bovine anterior pituitary gland by a method which uses differential and isopycnic centrifugation. The secretory granules are phosphorylated in the presence of [γ-32P]ATP by an endogenous protein kinase. At least 77% of the radioactivity is incorporated into protein components of the secretory granules. A negligible amount of 32P is associated with phospholipids (2%). [32P]Phosphate is incorporated into phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Only 18% of the incorporated 32P can be removed by washing the granules in a high salt solution (0.50 m KCl). ATP-ase activity is associated with the secretory granules. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate does not stimulate the protein kinase activity under endogenous conditions of substrate availability but leads to a 40 to 80% stimulation of enzymatic activity in the presence of histones. The enzyme associated with the secretory granules is Mg2+-dependent and its activity is inhibited by Ca2+.
Robust Machine Learning via Privacy/Rate-Distortion Theory (2020)

Robust machine learning formulations have emerged to address the prevalent vulnerability of deep neural networks to adversarial examples. Our work draws the connection between optimal robust learning and the privacy-utility tradeoff problem, which is a generalization of the rate-distortion problem. The saddle point of the game between a robust classifier and an adversarial perturbation can be found via the solution of a maximum conditional entropy problem. This information-theoretic perspective sheds light on the fundamental tradeoff between robustness and clean data performance, which ultimately arises from the geometric structure of the underlying data distribution and perturbation constraints.
Astronomy of ultra-high energy neutral particles with the Pierre Auger Observatory (2013)

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) especially suitable for primary energies above 1018 eV. Auger is also sensitive to primary neutral particles, namely photons, neutrinos and neutrons. Neutral cosmic rays propagate along a straight line and are not deflected by magnetic fields, in contrast to charged cosmic rays. This opens the possibility of doing "astronomy" by directional pointing. The most accepted astrophysical models predict the production of neutral particles both in their sources or in physical processes during the propagation of charged particles. We perform independent analyses for different types of neutral particles. No significant evidence of the presence of these particles has been observed in data collected from 2004 up to now; therefore we present upper bounds to their fluxes.
Determination of the pKa values of titratable groups of an antigen-antibody complex, HyHEL-5–hen egg lysozyme (1995)

Journal Article Determination of the pKa values of titratable groups of an antigen-antibody complex, HyHEL-5–hen egg lysozyme Get access Shawn M. McDonald, Shawn M. McDonald 1Departments of Chemistry, University of HoustonHouston, TX 77204, USA3Present address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CA 92093-0365, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard C. Willson, Richard C. Willson 2Departments of Chemical Engineering, University of HoustonHouston, TX 77204, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.Andrew McCammon J.Andrew McCammon 4 1Departments of Chemistry, University of HoustonHouston, TX 77204, USA3Present address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CA 92093-0365, USA 4To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 8, Issue 9, September 1995, Pages 915–924, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/8.9.915 Published: 01 September 1995 Article history Received: 13 December 1994 Revision received: 12 April 1995 Accepted: 02 May 1995 Published: 01 September 1995
On the Multiple-Unicast Capacity of 3-Source, 3-Terminal Directed Acyclic Networks (2013)

We consider the multiple-unicast problem with three source-terminal pairs over directed acyclic networks with unit-capacity edges. The three s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> -t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> pairs wish to communicate at unit-rate via network coding. The connectivity between the s <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> -t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> pairs is quantified by means of a connectivity-level vector, [k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ] such that there exist k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> edge-disjoint paths between si and t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> . In this paper, we attempt to classify networks based on the connectivity level. It can be observed that unit-rate transmission can be supported by routing if k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> ≥ 3, for all i = 1, ..., 3. In this paper, we consider connectivity-level vectors such that min <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i=1</sub> ,..., <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> <; 3. We present either a constructive linear network coding scheme or an instance of a network that cannot support the desired unit-rate requirement, for all such connectivity-level vectors except the vector [1 2 4] (and its permutations). The benefits of our schemes extend to networks with higher and potentially different edge capacities. Specifically, our experimental results indicate that for networks where the different source-terminal paths have a significant overlap, our constructive unit-rate schemes can be packed along with routing to provide higher throughput as compared to a pure routing approach.
Thermal Decomposition of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on Silicon Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

Thermal behavior of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on a silicon electrode for lithium ion batteries has been investigated by TGA. In order to provide a better understanding of the thermal decomposition of the SEI on silicon, the thermal decomposition behavior of independently synthesized lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC) was investigated as a model SEI. The model SEI (LEDC) has three stages of thermal decomposition. Over the temperature range of 50–300 °C, LEDC decomposes to evolve CO2 and C2H4 gases leaving lithium propionate (CH3CH2CO2Li) and Li2CO3 as solid residues. The lithium propionate decomposes over the temperature range of 300–600 °C to evolve pentanone leaving Li2CO3 as a residual solid. Finally, the Li2CO3 decomposes over 600 °C to evolve CO2 leaving Li2O as a residual solid. A very similar thermal decomposition process is observed for the SEI generated on cycled silicon electrodes. However, two additional thermal decomposition reactions were observed characteristic of LixPOyFz at 300 °C and the polyimide binder at 550 °C. TGA measurements of Si electrodes after various numbers of cycles suggest that the LEDC on Si electrodes thermally decomposes during cycling to form lithium propionate and Li2CO3, resulting in increased complexity of the SEI.
ChemInform Abstract: A Successful Acid Promoted Asymmetric Pictet‐Spengler Reaction of Na‐ BOC Protected Tryptophans. Effect of the BOC Group on Reactivity and Stereoselectivity. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid “mix and read” assay for scalable detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patient plasma (2020)

The human beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causative virus of COVID-19, has infected more than 15 million people globally and continues to spread. Widespread, population level testing to detect active and past infections is critical to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. Antibody (serological) testing is the only option for detecting past infections outside the narrow window accessible to nucleic acid-based tests. However, currently available serological assays commonly lack scalability. Here, we describe the development of a rapid homogenous serological assay for the detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in patient plasma. We show that the fluorescence-based assay accurately detects seroconversion in COVID-19 patients from less than 1 microliter of plasma. Using a cohort of samples from COVID-19 infected or healthy individuals, we demonstrate detection with 100% sensitivity and specificity. This assay addresses an important need for a robust, low barrier to implementation, and scalable serological assay with complementary strengths to currently available serological platforms.
Approximate tree matching and shape similarity (1999)

We present a framework for 2D shape contour (silhouette) comparison that can account for stretchings, occlusions and region information. Topological changes due to the original 3D scenarios and articulations are also addressed. To compare the degree of similarity between any two shapes, our approach is to represent each shape contour with a free tree structure derived from a shape axis (SA) model, which we have recently proposed. We then use a tree matching scheme to find the best approximate match and the matching cost. To deal with articulations, stretchings and occlusions, three local tree matching operations, merge, cut, and merge-and-cut, are introduced to yield optimally approximate matches, which can accommodate not only one-to-one but many-to-many mappings. The optimization process gives guaranteed globally optimal match efficiently. Experimental results on a variety of shape contours are provided.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 3 from Pathway-Based Serum microRNA Profiling and Survival in Patients with Advanced Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 97K, Supplementary Table S1 summarized numbers of miRNA binding sites in TGF-beta pathway-related genes; Supplementary Table S2 showed raw Ct values and normalized expression levels of 35 miRNAs for qRT-PCR assays in 383 serum samples from the NSCLC study population recruited at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2002 and 2009; Supplementary Table S3 showed differentially expressed serum miRNAs between Stage III and Stage IV groups for NSCLC study population recruited at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2002 and 2009.&lt;/p&gt;
Introduction to active thermography for non‐destructive evaluation (1997)

Examines the use of infrared imaging methods for non‐destructive evaluation (NDE) applications. Describes thermal wave imaging systems, outlining their benefits.
Reproductive and Hormonal Risk Factors for Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) in a Representative Sample of U.S. Women (2020)

Autoantibodies are of growing interest in cancer research as potential biomarkers; yet the determinants of autoimmunity are not well understood. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are common in the general population, and are more prevalent in women and older adults. Here we examined the relationship of ANA with reproductive and hormonal factors in a representative sample of U.S. women.