gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel on‐line solid‐phase extraction approach integrated with a monolithic column and tandem mass spectrometry for direct plasma analysis of multiple drugs and metabolites (2005)

An on-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (SPE LC/MS/MS) assay using a newly developed SPE column and a monolithic column was developed and validated for direct analysis of plasma samples containing multiple analytes. This assay was developed in an effort to increase bioanalysis throughput and reduce the complexity of on-line SPE LC/MS/MS systems. A simple column-switching configuration that requires only one six-port valve and one HPLC pumping system was employed for on-line plasma sample preparation and subsequent gradient chromatographic separation. The resulting analytical method couples the desired sensitivity with ease of use. The method was found to perform satisfactorily for direct plasma analysis with respect to assay linearity, specificity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, carryover, and short-term stability of an eight-analyte mixture in plasma. A gradient LC condition was applied to separate the eight analytes that cannot be distinctly differentiated by MS/MS. With a run time for every injection of 2.8 min, a minimum of 300 direct plasma injections were made on one on-line SPE column without noticeable changes in system performance. Due to the ruggedness and simplicity of this system, generic methods can be easily developed and applied to analyze a wide variety of compounds in a high-throughput manner without laborious off-line sample preparation.
A new, general method for the determination of binding constants: photoacoustic titration of dansylamide with carbonic anhydrase (1989)

We have developed a new method utilizing the partitioning of energy between radiative and non-radiative pathways following photostimulation for the determination of binding constants in biochemical systems; application of this photoacoustic calorimetry technique to the study of the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by 1-(dimethylamino)-5-naphthalenesulphonamide yields K11= 1.7 (±0.4)× 106 mol–1 dm3.
An Improved Method for the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Iodides (2001)

Aryl iodides are coupled with amines to give the corresponding arylamines in high yield in the presence of palladium, a suitable ligand, and NaOt-Bu. Functionalized aryl iodides give good yields of the corresponding arylamines when Cs(2)CO(3) is substituted as the base.
Phase-contrast velocity mapping for highly diffusive fluids: Optimal bipolar gradient pulse parameters for hyperpolarized helium-3 (2013)

The theoretical predictions were validated, providing a way to optimize velocity mapping in gases.
Secondary malignant neoplasms, progression-free survival and overall survival in patients treated for Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (2017)

Treatment intensification to maximize disease control and reduced intensity approaches to minimize the risk of late sequelae have been evaluated in newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma. The influence of these interventions on the risk of secondary malignant neoplasms, progression-free survival and overall survival is reported in the meta-analysis herein, based on individual patient data from 9498 patients treated within 16 randomized controlled trials for newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma between 1984 and 2007. Secondary malignant neoplasms were meta-analyzed using Peto's method as time-to-event outcomes. For progression-free and overall survival, hazard ratios derived from each trial using Cox regression were combined by inverse-variance weighting. Five study questions (combined-modality treatment <i>vs.</i> chemotherapy alone; more extended <i>vs.</i> involved-field radiotherapy; radiation at higher doses <i>vs.</i> radiation at 20 Gy; more <i>vs.</i> fewer cycles of the same chemotherapy protocol; standard-dose chemotherapy <i>vs.</i> intensified chemotherapy) were investigated. After a median follow-up of 7.4 years, dose-intensified chemotherapy resulted in better progression-free survival rates (<i>P</i>=0.007) as compared with standard-dose chemotherapy, but was associated with an increased risk of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndromes (<i>P</i>=0.0028). No progression-free or overall survival differences were observed between combined-modality treatment and chemotherapy alone, but more secondary malignant neoplasms were seen after combined-modality treatment (<i>P</i>=0.010). For the remaining three study questions, outcomes and secondary malignancy rates did not differ significantly between treatment strategies. The results of this meta-analysis help to weigh up efficacy and secondary malignancy risk for the choice of first-line treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma patients. However, final conclusions regarding secondary solid tumors require longer follow-up.
Influence of dopants on the impermeability of graphene (2017)

Graphene has attracted much attention as an impermeable membrane and a protective coating against oxidation. While many theoretical studies have shown that defect-free graphene is impermeable, in reality graphene inevitably has defects in the form of grain boundaries and vacancies. Here, we study the effects of N-dopants on the impermeability of few-layered graphene (FLG) grown on copper using chemical vapor deposition. The grain boundaries in FLG have minimal impact on their permeability to oxygen as they do not provide a continuous channel for gas transport due to high tortuosity. However, we experimentally show that the N-dopants in FLG display multiple configurations that create structural imperfections to selectively allow gas molecules to permeate. We used a comprehensive array of tools including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optically stimulated electron emission measurements, and density functional theory of N-doped graphene on copper to elucidate the effects of dopant configuration on the impermeability of graphene. Our results clearly show that oxygen can permeate through graphene with non-graphitic nitrogen dopants that create pores in graphene and oxidize the underlying Cu substrate while graphitic nitrogen dopants do not show any changes compared to the pristine form. Furthermore, we observed that the work function of graphene can be tuned effectively by changing the dopant configuration.
Book reviews (1959)

H. Irving, N. L. Allport and D. W. Wilson, Analyst, 1959, 84, 120 DOI: 10.1039/AN9598400120
Double-layer wire grid polarizer for improving extinction ratio (2013)

We proposed a polarizer which has high extinction ratio for the terahertz light. The polarizer has a double-layer wire grid for improving the extinction ratio. A space between these wire grid layers is set to be approximately one-hundredth of the wavelength of interest in order to eliminate the harmful Fabry-Perot interference. We fabricated the double-layer wire grid polarizer and measured transmittance of the fabricated polarizer. Comparing the transmittances of the fabricated polarizer and that of a polarizer with a space that is comparable to the wavelength of interest, we confirmed that the Fabry-Perot interference was eliminated. The extinction ratio of the fabricated polarizer was on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> for range from 0.3 to 1.7 THz.
ChemInform Abstract: BLDG. VON ISOPREN BEI OXIDATIVEN DEHYDRIERUNGSRK. (1970)

Abstract Das durch Dehydratisierung von Isoamylalkohol über Al 2 O 3 bei 400‐500°C erhaltene Gemisch von 80% 3‐Methyl‐1‐buten (I), 10% 2‐Methyl‐1‐buten (II) und 10% 2‐Methyl‐2‐buten (III) wurde in einer Strömungsapparatur über verschiedenen Katalysatoren unter variablen Reaktionsbedingungen zu Isopren (IV) oxidativ dehydriert.
Influence of culture conditions on the androgen control of secretory component production by acinar cells from the rat lacrimal gland. (1991)

Research has shown that androgens regulate the production of secretory component (SC), the IgA antibody receptor, by lacrimal gland acinar cells in vivo. This study was designed to establish an optimal culture system to permit analysis of this endocrine-acinar cell interrelationship in vitro. Acinar cells were isolated from male rat lacrimal glands and cultured on Matrigel (Collaborative Research, Bedford, MA) in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/Ham's F12 media that contained a variety of supplements. Under these conditions, acinar cells responded to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) exposure with a significant increase in SC output. Replacement of the DMEM/Ham's F12 media base with either Modified Eagle's Medium (MEM) or low-calcium MEM inhibited this hormone response and dramatically reduced cell recovery after 4 days of culture. Similarly, decreased concentrations or deletions of selected media supplements, including insulin, which binds to acinar cells, and dexamethasone, led to a significant diminution in the extent of androgen action, as well as to a decline in cell maintenance. In contrast, removal of high-density lipoprotein from culture media or the addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or cholera toxin significantly enhanced basal and DHT-associated SC production by acinar cells. With regard to extracellular matrices, Matrigel proved to be superior to collagen type I, laminin, fibronectin, or the Primaria (Falcon, Oxnard, CA) plastic surface in providing support for acinar cell association or hormone-related function. In summary, our results show that the media formulation, supplement profile, and extracellular matrix composition are important for maximal expression of androgen-induced effects by lacrimal gland acinar cells in vitro.
Polymer-conjugated glucosamine complexed with boric acid shows tumor-selective accumulation and simultaneous inhibition of glycolysis (2020)

We synthesized unique water-soluble synthetic-polymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA) conjugated glucosamine (SG); which formed a stable complex with boric acid (BA). This complex had a mean particle size of 15 nm by light scattering, and single peak in gel permeation chromatography. The particles were taken up by tumor cells five times faster than free BA in vitro and liberated BA at acidic tumor pH (5-7). Liberated BA inhibited glycolysis and resulted in tumor suppression in vivo. Intravenously injected SGB-complex did bind with albumin, and plasma half-life was about 8 h in mice, and accumulated to tumor tissues about 10 times more than in normal organs. IC<sub>50</sub> of SGB-complex for HeLa cells under pO<sub>2</sub> of 6-9% was about 20 μg/ml (free BA equivalent), 150 times more potent than free BA. Neutron irradiation of human oral cancer cells with SGB-complex resulted in 16 times greater cell-killing than that without SGB-complex. In vivo antitumor effect was evaluated after neutron irradiation only once in SCC VII tumor bearing mice and significant tumor suppression was confirmed. These results indicate that SGB-complex is a unique multifunctional anticancer agent with much more potent activity under low pO<sub>2</sub> conditions as in large advanced cancers.
Allogeneic reaction induces dendritic cell maturation through proinflammatory cytokine secretion1 (2004)

The authors' results show that the allogeneic reaction leads to maturation and migration of DC through proinflammatory cytokine secretion. This might contribute to the impairment of LC reconstitution in the skin of patients with GVHD.
PDMS bonding to organically-modified solid surface using photocatalyst for fabricating low-cost plastic microchip (2010)

A novel PDMS bonding technique using photocatalyst has been developed to fabricate polymer-based DNA sample preparation microchip for molecular diagnostics. To bond PDMS substrate onto organosilane-modified pillar arrays, organosilane layer on top plane of micropillars was selectively removed through photocatalytic oxidation using TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and UV irradiation. The proposed method exposed underlying SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> surface without deteriorating the organic film on lateral surface of the micropillars which is used for bacterial adhesion, and then resulting SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer was bonded to PDMS. The low-cost plastic DNA sample preparation chip has been successfully fabricated and it demonstrated similar performance to Glass/Si chip in terms of bacterial cell capture efficiency and PCR compatibility.
Abstract #850: Cytotoxic activity of two pleurocidin-like cationic antimicrobial peptides against human breast cancer cells (2009)

Cationic antimicrobial peptides are small peptides that constitute an important defense against microbial pathogens and, in some cases, also exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. Atlantic pleuronectid flatfish are a particularly rich source of cationic antimicrobial peptides, including NRC-03 and NRC-07, which are pleurocidin-like peptides derived from winter and yellowtail flounder, respectively. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the potential of NRC-03 and NRC-07 as novel cytotoxic agents for the treatment of breast cancer. Colorimetric MTT and LDH-release assays showed that NRC-03 and NRC-07 rapidly killed MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MCF-7 and T47D human breast cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Additionally, NRC-03 and NRC-07 were cytotoxic towards cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines. Colorimetric hemolytic assays revealed that neither NRC-03 nor NRC-07 possessed hemolytic activity. Human fibroblasts and umbilical vein endothelial cells were not harmed by NRC-03 or NRC-07; however, high concentrations of NRC-03 and NRC-07 were lytic for human T cells and mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that both peptides require modification to enhance breast cancer cell selectivity. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that fluorochrome-labeled NRC-03 and NRC-07 rapidly bound to the surface of breast cancer cells, but not human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting that peptide binding was required for cell death. Propidium iodide staining, as well as scanning electron microscopy, showed that NRC-03 and NRC-07 rapidly caused pore formation in the cellular membrane of breast cancer cells, suggesting that cell death was mediated by membrane lysis. However, flow cytometric analysis of dihydroethidium- or DiOC 6 -stained breast cancer cells revealed that NRC-03- and NRC-07-mediated cytotoxicity was also associated with reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane destabilization, respectively. Nevertheless, the pan-caspase inhibitor BOC-D-FMK did not prevent NRC-03- and NRC-07-induced cytotoxicity, supporting the hypothesis that NRC-03 and NRC-07 act primarily through a membrane-lytic mechanism. We conclude that NRC-03 and NRC-07 warrant further investigation as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer. Supported by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Cancer Research Training Program, and the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation - Atlantic Region Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 850.
Data Supplement from Phase II Study of Cetuximab in Combination with Cisplatin and Radiation in Unresectable, Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial E3303 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of Supplemental Materials: Supplemental Table 1. Criteria for Unresectable Disease Supplemental Table 2. Modified RECIST Criteria for Head and Neck Cancer. Supplemental Table 3. Summary of Serum Analyte Levels. Supplemental Figure 1. Study Schematic Supplemental Figure 2. Time to locoregional failure for all eligible and treated patients (a) and by tumor HPV status (b). Log rank test comparing time to failure for HPV+ versus HPV- p value provided. Supplemental Figure 3. Representative tissue cores with high or low expression levels of XPF or ERCC1 as assessed by AQUA. Tumors were stained for cytokeratin (CK) to create a tumor mask and with DAPI to define the nuclear compartment. Supplemental Figure 4. Representative tumor IHC molecular correlates ERCC1, XPF and MET.&lt;/p&gt;
Strong coupling of the single excitations in the Q-like bands of phenylene-linked free-base and zinc bacteriochlorin dimers: A time-dependent density functional theory study (2002)

Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were carried out to predict the Q-like bands of the two structural isomers of the phenylene-linked free-base (FBBC) and zinc (ZnBC) bacteriochlorin dimers. The calculated singlet excitation energies and oscillator strengths for the low-lying excited states of the reference monomers, FBBC and ZnBC, are quite consistent with recent ab initio calculations. The 1,3 and 1,4-phenylene-linked dimers have monomer-like Q bands and new Q′ bands comprised of the cross-linked (i.e., charge transfer) excitations from the FBBC (ZnBC) ring to the ZnBC (FBBC) ring, whose excitation energies are slightly and considerably red-shifted by about 0.03 eV and 0.5–0.7 eV compared to the monomers, respectively. The monomer-like Qx bands are of the mixed highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)→lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) excitations in the Qx bands from the different bacteriochlorin rings, whose origin is the coupling of the Qx transition dipole moments through the π–π interaction between the unreduced pyrroles situated across the phenylene group. This mixing character is still maintained in the monomers separated by the same distance in the dimer, which is quite different from previous TDDFT calculations for the phenylene-linked free-base and zinc porphyrin dimers. The present dimers may show a more efficient Qx excitation energy transfer between the bacteriochlorins via each’s through-space overlapped LUMOs than the conventional porphyrin dimers.
A Step Towards a [2.2]Paracyclophane: A Single Crystal to Single Crystal Reaction Involving a Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Assembly with Multiple Reaction Centres (2006)

A single crystal to single crystal [2+2] photodimerization has been achieved within a molecular cocrystal composed of finite, hydrogen-bonded molecular assemblies using the absorption-edge irradiation technique. The cocrystal is composed of a resorcinol template and a diolefin reactant that reacts to form a non-symmetrical cyclobutane product. The product is an intermediate in a two-step solid-state synthesis of a [2.2]paracyclophane. The ability to conduct the reaction in a single crystal to single crystal fashion attests to the robustness of the hydrogen-bonded assemblies during the course of the solid-state transformation.
Complex Delta–Sigma-Based Transmitter With Enhanced Linearity Performance Using Pulsed Load Modulation Power Amplifier (2017)

This paper proposes a linear and efficient transmitter prototype based on pulsed load modulation (PLM) power amplifier (PA). The proposed transmitter setup utilizes the complex delta-sigma (DS) modulation as a signal processing technique instead of the envelope DS modulation for higher linearity performance. Using the complex DS modulation technique reduces the in-band quantization noise significantly at the output of the modulator and consequently, enhances the linearity of the transmitter. To validate the proposed technique, the linearity and efficiency performance of the complex DS modulator (CDSM)-based transmitter are compared with the performance of its envelope DS modulator (EDSM) counterpart in measurement. For this paper, an efficient and linear PLM PA is designed and fabricated using GaAs E-pHEMT transistors. For a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) uplink standard signal with 3-MHz bandwidth and 7-dB peak-to-average power ratio, the CDSM-based transmitter achieves the drain efficiency and power added efficiency of 46% and 42%, respectively, at an average output power of 25.1 dBm. The comparison measurement study of EDSM-based transmitter and the CDSM-based transmitter with the LTE uplink signal shows about 11-dB improvement in the signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of the output signal. The measurement results for LTE signals were able to pass the spectral requirements defined by the standard without applying predistortion techniques.
MISO Broadcast Channel under Unequal Link Coherence Times and Channel State Information (2020)

The broadcast channel may experience unequal link coherence times due to a number of factors including variation in node mobility or local scattering conditions. This means the block fading model for different links may have nonidentical block length, and the channel state information for the links may also not be identical. The faster the fading and the shorter the fading block length, the more often the link needs to be trained and estimated at the receiver, and the more likely that channel state information (CSI) is stale or unavailable at the transmitter. This paper investigates a MISO broadcast channel where some receivers experience longer coherence intervals and other receivers experience shorter coherence intervals and must estimate their receive-side CSI (CSIR) frequently. We consider a variety of transmit-side CSI (CSIT) conditions for the abovementioned model, including no CSIT, delayed CSIT, or hybrid CSIT. To investigate the degrees of freedom region, we employ interference alignment and beamforming along with a product superposition that allows simultaneous but noncontaminating transmission of pilots and data to different receivers. Outer bounds employ the extremal entropy inequality as well as a bounding of the performance of a discrete, memoryless, multiuser, <i>multilevel</i> broadcast channel. For several cases, inner and outer bounds are established that either partially meet, or the gap diminishes with increasing coherence times.
Editorial Comments (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1987Editorial Comments Ralph V. Clayman Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)59613-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 138(2), p. 288 © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 138Issue 2August 1987Page: 288 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Cover Picture: Cryo Electron Tomography Reveals Confined Complex Morphologies of Tripeptide‐Containing Amphiphilic Double‐Comb Diblock Copolymers (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46/2008) (2008)

The anatomy of a copolymer is presented by N. A. J. M. Sommerdijk et al. in their Communication on page 8859 ff. The amphiphilic double-comb diblock polymer with oligo(ethylene oxide) and peptide chains aggregates to form complex shapes in aqueous solution. From cryo electron tomograms, 3D volumes were reconstructed (shown as a set of slices). Further visualization highlights branches and loops in a folded wormlike micelle (purple) and the channel structure inside a bicontinuous morphology (yellow).
Simulated beam propagation in nonlinear optical process for management of efficient wavelength conversion (2017)

Beam propagation equations, rate equations of the excited states, and thermal conduction equation are numerically solved to investigate the laser-induced thermal effects on the laser propagation in nonlinear optical materials. The beam output power and profile of second harmonic waves are evaluated in quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation.