gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AFM Scratching for Adhesion Studies of Thin Polymer Coatings on Steel (2012)

Abstract Atomic force miscroscopy (AFM) scratching at constant applied forces was used to quantify the adhesion of polymer coatings to cold rolled steel (CRS) and to study the effectiveness of a pretreatment for improving the adhesion. The pretreatment was a phosphate-free zirconia-based coating. Thin layers of commercially available epoxy, acrylic and polyester-based polymer coatings, were applied to polished or pretreated cold rolled steel substrates and the surface was scratched at the edge of the polymer coatings with the AFM tip at increasing values of normal loads until the coating was removed. Adhesion strengths were determined from the minimum tip-sample interaction force and number of cycles (scans) at a particular applied force. The pretreatment significantly improved adhesion of the epoxy and acrylic-based coatings on CRS. Adhesion of the acrylic-based coating was found to be better than the epoxy coatings on the bare as well as pretreated steel. Adhesive strength of the polyester-based coating was inconclusive because it was very easily removed on application of small forces using the AFM tip. The AFM scratching technique was found to provide a quick, easy and effective way to make quantifiable comparisons in relative adhesive strengths of polymer coatings and the effect of pretreatments.
The Use of Biological Approaches in the Treatment of Shoulder Pathology (2017)

* The major pathological conditions affecting the shoulder that are treated with use of biological applications include focal cartilage lesions and rotator cuff tears. Biological modalities that previously have been used or investigated include platelet-rich plasma (PRP), growth factors, progenitor cells, bone-marrow stimulation, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), matrix-induced ACI (MACI), and biological scaffolds. * Marrow-stimulating procedures have been reported to yield positive results when used for the treatment of focal cartilage lesions of the glenoid or humeral head. Limited data are available on the use of PRP, ACI, and MACI for the treatment of chondral lesions involving the shoulder, and therefore no conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of these modalities. * Preclinical and in vitro studies have demonstrated that modulation of growth factors may be helpful for rotator cuff tear healing; however, the optimal modulation and delivery vehicle remain to be elucidated. PRP has received much research attention; however, most studies have been hindered by study setup and conflicting results. Therefore, the use of PRP to enhance rotator cuff healing remains controversial. Progenitor cells have shown positive results in a small number of preclinical and clinical studies, but further research is needed before conclusions can be drawn. * In summary, basic-science studies investigating biological factors to enhance healing in the shoulder have shown potential. However, clinical data are still limited, contradictory, and controversial. Additional research is needed. Most importantly, robust, consistent, well-powered clinical trials are necessary to definitively determine which methods improve clinical outcomes.
Intravascular Polarimetry for Tissue Characterization of Coronary Atherosclerosis (2019)

The microscopic tissue structure and organization influence the polarization of light. Intravascular polarimetry leverages this compelling intrinsic contrast mechanism by using polarization-sensitive optical frequency domain imaging to measure the polarization properties of the coronary arterial wall. Tissues rich in collagen and smooth muscle cells appear birefringent, while the presence of lipid causes depolarization, offering quantitative metrics related to the presence of important components of coronary atherosclerosis. Here, we review the basic principle, the interpretation of polarization signatures, and first clinical investigations of intravascular polarimetry and discuss how this extension of contemporary intravascular imaging may advance our knowledge and improve clinical practice in the future.
Identification of Gene Expression Changes Associated with the Progression of Retinal Degeneration in therd1Mouse (2004)

These microarray results provide clues to understanding the molecular pathways underlying photoreceptor degeneration and indicate directions for future studies. In addition, comparisons of normal and degenerated retina identified numerous genes and ESTs that are potentially enriched in rod photoreceptors.
Experimental Identification of Component Parameters for Multiple-Evaporator Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle (2009)

Vapor compression refrigeration cycles have become a promising alternative for high-heat-flux electronic cooling. Still, this area of research lacks the modeling and control design tools to facilitate its practical implementation. At Rensselaer simulation models for system level design and algorithms for temperature control are being developed to bridge that gap. However, these models need to be validated by experimental results. Since the models are not entirely based on first-principle equations, the empirical relations should be matched to the particular experimental setup used for validation. Therefore, the first step towards validation is the identification of empirical parameters that are intrinsic to the experimental apparatus and are required for the simulation. Consequently, this paper presents the experimental identification of the expansion valve coefficient, and the compressor’s volumetric efficiency used in the model. Experiments are performed at different expansion valve openings and different compressor speeds until steady-state is reached. The steady-state data is used to obtain the expansion valve coefficients, and the compressor’s volumetric efficiency. Finally, the data is used to obtain correlations, which are adequately accurate with reasonable computation cost, for each of the evaluated parameters to be incorporated into the simulation model.
Silicoaluminophosphate Molecular Sieves (1990)

The local environments of T-atoms in SAPO materials were examined using solid-state NMR, a bulk probe, and XPS, a surface sensitive probe. T-atom 2 p binding energies in XPS were found to vary in a predictable fashion with changes in NMR chemical shifts. The comparison demonstrates that XPS is sensitive to variations in the second coordination sphere for T-atoms in SAPO molecular sieves. XPS was also found to give a reasonable, quantitative measure of superficial (surface) T-atom fractions thus providing information about elemental homogeneity by comparison to bulk chemical analysis.
Standard versus saturation biopsy before primary focal cryosurgery of the prostate: Does it matter? (2015)

123 Background: Primary focal cryosurgery (PFC) has emerged as a viable option for local therapy in prostate cancer (PCa), most suitable for patients with clinical stage T1c-T3 disease of any tumor grade in whom potency is not of primary concern and who are not suitable for radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Success of 5-year biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, depending on criteria, ranges from 60% to 90% in the literature. We hypothesize that saturation biopsy before PFC leads to lower rates of BCR compared to standard 12-core biopsy. Methods: We compiled a consecutive series of patients who underwent PFC at our institution for localized PCa. Parameters including demographics, PSA levels, and Gleason scores before primary treatment and at time of recurrence were assessed. Biochemical failure was defined by both Phoenix (PD) and Stuttgart (SD) definitions. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare outcomes. Results: One hundred and forty-seven patients underwent PFC at our institution between August 2000 and January 2014. Forty-five patients were excluded due to incomplete follow-up data and/or missing biopsy information. Median follow-up was 40.3 months (0.8-116, IQR 41). Conclusions: Zero of the six patients who underwent a saturation biopsy before PFC experienced biochemical failure or progression. This in contrast to those who underwent a standard 12-core biopsy before PFC, of which 19% experienced biochemical failure by PD and 26% by SD, and 6% underwent progression. This may be due to more informed selection for local therapy and more comprehensive assessment of the extent of tumor for treatment planning. Though these differences were not statistically significant in our study, we believe that our results lay the groundwork for a larger study to assess differences in outcomes after PFC depending on the extent of biopsy before treatment. [Table: see text]
Radiology must change to retain ultrasound role (2005)

Diagnostic ultrasound is fading as a primary imaging modality in U.S. radiology departments. It is gradually being supplanted by CT, MR, and PET, which have seen major advances in speed and quality in the past decade. Multislice CT acquisitions allow whole-body scanning in minutes. Higher field MR scanners with more advanced pulse sequences and better coils have not only speeded up MR imaging but have vastly improved its ability to image blood vessels and blood flow without contrast toxicity and radiation exposure. PET/CT's ability to image metabolically active tissues at high spatial resolution has made it the modality of choice for cancer evaluation.
The Growth Hormone (GH)-Axis of GH Receptor/BindingProtein Gene-Disrupted and Metallothionein-Human GH-ReleasingHormone Transgenic Mice: Hypothalamic Neuropeptide and PituitaryReceptor Expression in the Absence and Presence of GH Feedback* (2001)

Elevation of circulating GH acts to feed back at the level of the hypothalamus to decrease GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and increase somatostatin (SRIF) production. In the rat, GH-induced changes in GHRH and SRIF expression are associated with changes in pituitary GHRH receptor (GHRH-R), GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), and SRIF receptor subtype messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. These observations suggest that GH regulates its own synthesis and release not only by altering expression of key hypothalamic neuropeptides but also by modulating the sensitivity of the pituitary to hypothalamic input, by regulating pituitary receptor synthesis. To further explore this possibility, we examined the relationship between the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides [GHRH, SRIF, and neuropeptide Y (NPY)] and pituitary receptors [GHRH-R, GHS-R, and SRIF receptor subtypes (sst2 and sst5)] in two mouse strains with alterations in the GH-axis; the GH receptor/binding protein gene-disrupted mouse (GHR/BP-/-) and the metallothionein promoter driven human GHRH (MT-hGHRH) transgenic mouse. In GHR/BP-/- mice, serum insulin-like growth factor I levels are low, and circulating GH is elevated because of the lack of GH negative feedback. Hypothalamic GHRH mRNA levels in GHR/BP-/- mice were 232 +/- 20% of GHR/BP+/+ littermates (P < 0.01), whereas SRIF and NPY mRNA levels were reduced to 86 +/- 2% and 52 +/- 3% of controls, respectively (P < 0.05; ribonuclease protection assay). Pituitary GHRH-R and GHS-R mRNA levels of GHR/BP-/- mice were elevated to 275 +/- 55% and 319 +/- 68% of GHR/BP+/+ values (P < 0.05, respectively), whereas the sst2 and sst5 mRNA levels did not differ from GHR/BP intact controls as determined by multiplex RT-PCR. Therefore, in the absence of GH negative feedback, both hypothalamic and pituitary expression is altered to favor stimulation of GH synthesis and release. In MT-hGHRH mice, ectopic hGHRH transgene expression elevates circulating GH and insulin-like growth factor I. In this model of GH excess, endogenous (mouse) hypothalamic GHRH mRNA levels were reduced to 69 +/- 6% of nontransgenic controls, whereas SRIF mRNA levels were increased to 128 +/- 6% (P < 0.01). NPY mRNA levels were not significantly affected by hGHRH transgene expression. Also, MT-hGHRH pituitary GHRH-R and GHS-R mRNA levels did not differ from controls. However, sst2 and sst5 mRNA levels in MT-hGHRH mice were increased to 147 +/- 18% and 143 +/- 16% of normal values, respectively (P < 0.05). Therefore, in the presence of GH negative feedback, both hypothalamic and pituitary expression is altered to favor suppression of GH synthesis and release.
Feasibility of MR-temperature mapping of ultrasonic heating from a CMUT (2008)

In the last decade, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has gained popularity as a minimally invasive and noninvasive therapeutic tool for treatment of cancers, arrhythmias, and other medical conditions. HIFU therapy is often guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provides anatomical images for therapeutic device placement, temperature maps for treatment guidance, and postoperative evaluation of the region of interest. While piezoelectric transducers are dominantly used for MR-guided HIFU, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) show competitive advantages, such as ease of fabrication, integration with electronics, improved efficiency, and reduction of self-heating. In this paper, we will show our first results of an unfocused CMUT transducer monitored by MR-temperature maps. This 2.51 mm by 2.32 mm, unfocused CMUT heated a HIFU phantom by 14 degrees C in 2.5 min. This temperature rise was successfully monitored by MR thermometry in a 3.0 T General Electric scanner.
Effectiveness of Photodynamic Screening Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer (2020)

The urinary levels of UP after ALA administration might serve as a promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis prediction of PaC.
Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing (2008)

This special issue of Computer Graphics Forum includes the papers presented at the Sixth EUROGRAPHICS Symposium on Geometry Processing. This is the latest in a series of unique events that have successfully brought together researchers from computer graphics, computational geometry, computer vision, and applied mathematics. These participants all bring unique perspectives to the problems of representing, parameterizing, reconstructing, deforming, and otherwise analyzing shape. This has enabled interactions not possible in most other forums, and as a result the Symposium has grown in both size and prestige over the past few years.

This year, the Symposium had a record number of submissions. Together with its status as a special issue of Computer Graphics Forum, this has cemented its role as one of the premiere venues for dissemination of the most novel and most important research results in geometry. The 96 submissions were evaluated by a varied Program Committee, including both veterans and young researchers participating for the first time. After a full two-stage journal review process, the Committee has selected the enclosed 23 papers for presentation at SGP and publication in Computer Graphics Forum.
Low-Power Design of High-Speed A/D Converters (2005)

In this paper, low-power design techniques of high-speed A/D converters are reviewed and discussed. Pipeline and parallel-pipeline architectures are treated as these are dominant architectures when required high sampling rate and high resolution with reasonable power dissipation. A systematic approach to the power optimization of pipeline and parallel pipeline ADC's is introduced based on models of noise analysis and response time of a building block in the multiple-stage pipeline ADC. Finally, the theoretical minimum of required power as functions of the sampling rate, resolution and SNR is discussed. The analysis shows that, with the developments of new circuits and systems to approach to the minimum, the power can be further reduced by a factor of more than 1/10 without changing the basic architectures.
Preliminary clinical experience with human blastocyst development in vitro without co-culture (1999)

This preliminary analysis was designed to quantify blastocyst development of supernumerary embryos without the use of feeder cells, conditioned medium or whole serum. Embryos derived from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) that were not transferred or cryopreserved were included in this study. Ova were harvested for IVF after a standard ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist/ human menopausal gonadotrophin (GnRHa/HMG) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Ova were collected and culture in 150 microliters droplets of P1 medium under mineral oil, in groups at 37 degrees C under 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2 (group A) or under 5% CO2 in air (group B) environment. Embryo transfer was performed 72 h post-harvest. Viable embryos not transferred or cryopreserved were placed in blastocyst medium and cultured for an additional 48 h in 5% CO2 in air. Embryos that exhibited an expanded blastocoelic cavity and well-defined inner cell mass at 120 h were counted. Of 838 supernumerary embryos cultured, 448 (53.5%) reached the expanded blastocyst stage by 120 h of culture. Patients were given the option of cryopreservation at that time. The embryos were cryopreserved using a standard protocol with serial addition of glycerol. Embryos reaching the blastocyst stage after more than 120 h of culture were not included. There was no difference in the proportions of blastocyst development between group A, 217/410 (53.5%) and group B, 231/428 (54%). To date, 16 patients have each had up to three thawed blastocysts transferred, out of whom seven became pregnant. This report demonstrates that a simple system of sequential culture generated acceptable, viable blastocyst development (54%) with supernumerary embryos, without the use of feeder cells, conditioned medium or whole serum. Recognizing the differential metabolic requirements of early and late cleavage stage embryos has enabled the application of a glucose/phosphate-free simple culture medium (P1) for up to 72 h of culture and a complex, glucose-containing medium (blastocyst medium) for subsequent blastocyst development.
Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging quantifies atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2007)

Vascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as a powerful research tool. We studied 18 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 controls (all with coronary artery disease). MRI measured distensibility, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and atherosclerosis in the aorta, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Patients with diabetes showed lower aortic distensibility (2.1 x 10(-3) vs . 3.5 x 10(-3) mmHg-1, p<0.01), faster PWV (8.8 vs ., 6.2 m/s, p<0.01) and impaired FMD (8.5% vs . 13.8%, p<0.05). Diabetes was an independent negative predictor of distensibility. Aortic atherosclerosis was similar in the two groups. There was a negative correlation between aortic distensibility and atherosclerosis in control subjects only, suggesting that other factors such as protein cross-linking may explain lower aortic distensibility in diabetes. MRI provides comprehensive vascular phenotyping in patients with type 2 diabetes and is likely to be useful in studies of disease progression and drug therapy.
Dynamic Coupling Force Compensation for Direct-Driven Machine Tools (2007)

This contribution is concerned with the improvement of dynamic precision for direct driven servo axes at machine tools. Due to coupling forces, the dynamic performance of direct-driven machines is still restricted. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of kinetic coupling in typical machine tool applications and derived a simplified dynamic model to predict the acceleration dependent disturbance forces. Effective disturbance force compensation requires suitable force- or torque inputs. State-of-the-art servo controllers for machine tools have no accessible interfaces and standard numerical control systems for machine tools do not support any model based control approach to compensate dynamic coupling forces. Therefore a hardware extension, based on a universal encoder interpolator, is presented that enables the load force compensation also for standard control systems. The measured position of the incremental encoder is modified to realize the additional force/torque input. This enables the machine tool manufacturer to compensate coupling forces independently from the control system manufacturer. The practical benefit of this hardware extension is illustrated for a newly developed direct driven machine tool manipulator.
Enhanced Stability of Carbon Nanotube Transparent Conductive Film with Sol-Gel Silica Layer (2011)

Sol-gel silica was introduced as a stabilizing layer for transparent conductive films (TCFs) formed by a network of doped single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). SWCNT films were prepared by spray coating on glass substrates and the films were doped through nitric acid treatment. Silica layer introduced over SWCNT films protected the films under various disadvantageous environments including elevated temperatures, air, and humidity known to degrade electrical properties of doped CNTs. Sol-gel silica capping is suggested as an effective and simple route to stabilize electrical properties of doped SWCNT TCFs under various detrimental environments and improves their adhesion to glass substrates.
Big Learning with Bayesian Methods (2014)

Explosive growth in data and availability of cheap computing resources have sparked increasing interest in Big learning, an emerging subfield that studies scalable machine learning algorithms, systems, and applications with Big Data. Bayesian methods represent one important class of statistic methods for machine learning, with substantial recent developments on adaptive, flexible and scalable Bayesian learning. This article provides a survey of the recent advances in Big learning with Bayesian methods, termed Big Bayesian Learning, including nonparametric Bayesian methods for adaptively inferring model complexity, regularized Bayesian inference for improving the flexibility via posterior regularization, and scalable algorithms and systems based on stochastic subsampling and distributed computing for dealing with large-scale applications.
Increased Serum Periostin Levels and Eosinophils in Nasal Polyps Are Associated with the Preventive Effect of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Asthma Exacerbations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients (2020)

Preoperative increased serum periostin and eosinophils in NPs are associated with the preventive effect of ESS for asthma exacerbations in CRS patients comorbid with asthma.
Effect of surface temperature on GeSbTe damage formation during plasma processing (2021)

Phase Change Memory (PCM) materials can be damaged during plasma exposure leading to changes in phase transition behavior. Etch-induced damage and crystallization properties of GeSbTe (GST) were evaluated as a function of substrate temperature, plasma chemistry, and plasma exposure time. Enhanced damage formation is related to selective elemental depletion and non-volatilized etch residue retention in the near surface region. These experiments validate literature findings that crystallization time increases with reduction in film thickness for GST samples capped with a thin SiO2 film, indicating the presence of a modified layer which serves as an interface layer material. A direct comparison of passivating properties of hydrofluorocarbon and hydrocarbon on GST can be more conclusive with a fine tuning of film thickness and an evaluation of total residue retention with depth profiling.