gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors and Limitations of Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Cephalic Collapse or Necrosis (Type-1 Proximal Humeral Fracture Sequelae) (2012)

Our study confirmed that the outcomes of anatomic shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of type-1 fracture sequelae are good and predictable when deformation of the proximal humerus is acceptable(i.e., when no greater tuberosity osteotomy is necessary). The results were negatively affected by proximal humeral varus deformity and by fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff on imaging studies. In such cases, reverse shoulder arthroplasty may be more appropriate, especially in elderly patients.
SMOS Instrument Performance after More than 9 Years in Orbit (2019)

ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission [1] has been in orbit for over 9 years, and its Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS) in two dimensions is working well. The data products are generated using version v620 of the Level-1 operational processor, a version which entered into operation in Spring 2015. During last year a comprehensive data set was processed using a new processor version v720 and the assessment of the results is expected to be completed by mid 2019. In parallel to this evaluation of v720, the following version v730 of the Level-1 processor of SMOS has been already produced. This latter version is intended for investigating the capability to reduce Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI) by applying image processing techniques. This paper describes the major features and status of the two mentioned versions of the SMOS Level-1 processor, and importantly, aims at updating the remote sensing community on those aspects of the SMOS mission.
Anode Overpotential Control via Interfacial Modification: Inhibition of Lithium Plating on Graphite Anodes (2019)

Lithium-metal deposition on graphite anodes limits the cycle life and negatively impacts safety of the current state of the art Li-ion batteries. Herein, deliberate interfacial modification of graphite electrodes via direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering of nanoscale layers of Cu and Ni is employed to increase the overpotential for Li deposition and suppress Li plating under high rate charge conditions. Due to their nanoscale, the deposited surface films have minimal impact (∼0.16% decrease) on cell level theoretical energy density. Interfacial properties of the anodes are thoroughly characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spatially resolved mapping X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic measurements indicate that the Cu and Ni coatings form oxide upon exposure to an ambient environment, but they are reduced within the electrochemical cell and remain in a metallic state. Li plating is quantified by X-ray diffraction and associated electrochemistry measurements revealing that the surface treatment effectively reduces the quantity of the plated Li metal by ∼50% compared to untreated electrodes. These results establish an effective method using interfacial modification to achieve deliberate control of Li-metal deposition overpotential and reduction of lithium plating on graphite.
XML-based Web service generation for microcontroller-based sensor actor networks (2010)

The development of applications for embedded sensor actor networks involves two major challenges: one of them is the communication between a diversity of widespread resource constraint nodes. The other one is the infrastructure dynamics. Web service based Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) would perfectly meet such unique characteristics of embedded networks and ease the development of applications. Standardized Web services, however, process usually plain XML messages which are not suitable for small embedded devices with very limited resources due to XML's verbosity, its bandwidth usage, and its associated processing overhead. The paper addresses these issues and describes an innovative source code generation technique by means of W3C's Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) format for developing XML-based Web services for microcontrollers. This offers developers a seamless use of the wide-spreadWeb service protocols in the embedded domain. First evaluation results prove the applicability of the generated XML-basedWeb services on microcontroller-based devices.
Determination of the local structure of a cage with an oxygen ion in Ca12Al14O33 (2011)

The crystal structure of mayenite (12CaO·7Al(2)O(3)) has been investigated by single-crystal synchrotron diffraction with high resolution and accuracy, using a four-circle diffractometer equipped with an avalanche photodiode detector (APD) detector installed at PF14A in Tsukuba, Japan. Analysis revealed random displacements of ions by the electrostatic force of the O(2-) ion (O3) clathrated in two out of 12 cages. O3 ions are located at general positions close to the \bar 4 site at the centre of each cage. The difference-density map revealed two large peaks corresponding to displaced Ca ions. The positive ions close to O3 are displaced and one-to-one correspondence was found between one of the four equivalent O3 ions and the displaced ions. When an O3 ion is present in the cage the Al ion at the 16c position moves 0.946 (3) Å toward the O3 ion. One of the Al-O bonds is broken and a new Al-O3 bond is created. The result is an AlO(4) tetrahedron that is quite deformed. The three O1 ions and the O2 ion of the destroyed AlO(4) tetrahedron are forcibly displaced. O1 and O2 have two and one displaced ions, respectively. The local structure of the cage occupied by one of the four O3 ions was determined by calculating the electrostatic potential and electric field in the deformed cage, although the position of one of the displaced O1 ions was not clearly identified.
Chemical Sensing Attributes of CO2-Laser-Induced Long-Period Fiber Gratings (2008)

CO2-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings are fabricated and characterized for use as chemical sensors. The effects of changing the surrounding refractive index are characterized. End-of-fiber gratings are described, fabricated, and experimentally evaluated.
Accuracy of a Dedicated Bone‐Supported Surgical Template for Dental Implant Placement with Direct Visual Control (2015)

The aim of this study is to evaluate feasibility and accuracy of dental implant placement utilizing a dedicated bone-supported surgical template. Thirty-eight implants (sixteen in maxilla, twenty-two in mandible) were placed in seven fully edentulous jaws (three maxillae, four mandibles) guided by the designed bone-supported surgical template. A voxel-based registration technique was applied to match pre- and post-operative CBCT scans. The mean angular deviation and mean linear deviation at the implant hex and apex were 6.4 ± 3.7° (0.7°-14.8°), 1.47 ± 0.64 mm (0.5-2.56 mm) and 1.70 ± 1.01 mm (0.71-4.39 mm), respectively. The presented bone-supported surgical template showed acceptable accuracy for clinical use. In return for reduced accuracy, clinicians gain accessibility when using this type of surgical template for both the maxilla and the mandible. This is particularly important in patients with reduced mouth opening.
<title>Three-dimensional shape and source location from depth and reflectance</title> (1992)

We introduce a novel methodology for accurate determination of surface normals and light source location from depth and reflectance data. Estimation of local surface orientation using depth data alone from range finders with standard depth errors can produce significant error. On the other hand, shape-from-shading using reflectance data alone produces approximate surface orientation results that are highly dependent upon just the right initial surface orientation estimates as well as regularization parameters. Combining these two sources of information gives vastly more accurate surface orientation estimates under general conditions than either one alone, even when the light source location is not initially known. Apart from increased knowledge of local orientation, this also can provide better knowledge of local curvature. We propose novel iterative methods which enforce satisfaction of the image irradiance equation and surface integrability without using regularization. These iterative methods work in the case where the light source is any finite distance from the object producing variable incident light orientation over the object. These are realistic machine vision conditions in a laboratory setting.
Frequency Optimization of a Loosely Coupled Underwater Wireless Power Transfer System Considering Eddy Current Loss (2018)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has attracted much attention in recent years. In an underwater WPT system, the eddy current loss tends to be non-negligible as the frequency or the coil current increases. Thus, it is crucial to analyze the eddy current loss in an underwater WPT system. The analytical model of the eddy current loss of a coreless WPT system in the seawater is established with Maxwell's equations. The expressions of the electric field intensity and the eddy current loss are derived. The eddy current loss is analyzed in different circumstances to illustrate the impacts of related factors. For a WPT system in the air, there is an optimum resonant frequency, for a higher frequency leads to a larger induced voltage, but will result in larger coil losses simultaneously. However, the optimum resonant frequency will be shifted because of the eddy current loss in the seawater. Then, the optimum operating frequency is obtained based on the analytical model. It is found that the optimum operating frequency is supposed to be larger than the resonant frequency to achieve the maximum dc-dc efficiency in the seawater. An underwater WPT prototype was built and the experimental results verified the theoretical analysis.
Abnormal White Matter Integrity Related to Head Impact Exposure in a Season of High School Varsity Football (2014)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the cumulative effects of head impacts from a season of high school football produce magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measureable changes in the brain in the absence of clinically diagnosed concussion. Players from a local high school football team were instrumented with the Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS™) during all practices and games. All players received pre- and postseason MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) was also conducted. Total impacts and risk-weighted cumulative exposure (RWE), including linear (RWELinear), rotational (RWERotational), and combined components (RWECP), were computed from the sensor data. Fractional, linear, planar, and spherical anisotropies (FA, CL, CP, and CS, respectively), as well as mean diffusivity (MD), were used to determine total number of abnormal white matter voxels defined as 2 standard deviations above or below the group mean. Delta (post-preseason) ImPACT scores for each individual were computed and compared to the DTI measures using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. None of the players analyzed experienced clinical concussion (N=24). Regression analysis revealed a statistically significant linear relationship between RWECP and FA. Secondary analyses demonstrated additional statistically significant linear associations between RWE (RWECP and RWELinear) and all DTI measures. There was also a strong correlation between DTI measures and change in Verbal Memory subscore of the ImPACT. We demonstrate that a single season of football can produce brain MRI changes in the absence of clinical concussion. Similar brain MRI changes have been previously associated with mild traumatic brain injury.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed General C—N and C—O Bond Cross‐Coupling with Arylboronic Acid. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prediction of the Coordination Scheme of Lanthanide N-Tetrasubstituted Tetraazamacrocycles:  An X-ray Crystallography and Molecular Modeling Study (1997)

The synthesis and characterization of three lanthanide (Ce, Gd, Eu) complexes with the 1,4,8,11-tetrakis-(2-carboxyethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane ligand (TETP) are described. Crystal structures of [Ce(H2TETP)](OH)(H2O)·10H2O (1), [Gd(H3TETP)](OH)2(H2O)2·3H2O (2), and [Eu(H3TETP)](OH)2(H2O)2·3H2O (3) are reported. Crystal data: (1) monoclinic, C2/c, a = 29.523(4) Å, b = 17.492(3) Å, c = 8.509(1) Å, β = 98.72(1)°, V = 4344(1) Å3, Z = 4, R(|F|) = 0.057 for 2329 data (I/σ(I) ≥ 3), and 213 parameters; (2) monoclinic, C2/c, a = 15.378(2) Å, b = 14.172(2) Å, c = 14.264(2) Å, β = 99.10(1)°, V = 3069.5(7) Å3, Z = 4, R(|F|) = 0.075 for 1147 data (I/σ(I) ≥ 3), and 213 parameters; (3) monoclinic, C2/c, a = 15.32(1) Å, b = 14.19(1) Å, c = 14.130(3) Å, β = 99.41(3)°, V = 3031(3) Å3, Z = 4, R(|F|) = 0.085 for 1133 data (I/σ(I) ≥ 3) and 98 parameters. Complexes 2 and 3 are isotypes. In the three complexes, the centrosymmetric TETP macrocycle possesses a [3434] conformation; two propionate arms are extended, and the others are folded toward two protonated nitrogen atoms. The lanthanide coordination mode with the TETP ligand does not occur via the four nitrogen atom ring but only through carboxylic oxygen atoms belonging to four different ligands. Moreover, the four functionalized chains of the ligand are involved in the coordination polyhedron of the gadolinium and europium ions, but only extended propionate arms of TETP take part in the cerium ion coordination polyhedron, one of the oxygen atoms of asymmetric unit being bidentate between two metallic ions. In order to better understand the reactivity and the coordination scheme observed for these complexes, a theoretical study has been carried out using the molecular electrostatic potential as a tool to predict sites of the ligands where electrophilic attack should take place. The overall good agreement between calculated and observed structures permits us to explain the coordination scheme of this new class of complexes.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticle necklaces without explicit addition of reducing or templating agents (2012)

Here we report that silver nanoparticle necklaces can be readily formed by treatment of colloidal silica with ammoniacal silver complex solution followed by washing, deposition and ageing. We investigate the morphology of the produced materials and elucidate the key variables that influence this promising new approach to one-dimensional nanostructuring.
Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐methylbenzofuran Allosteric Modulators of Hsp90 Activity (2016)

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that plays a pivotal role in the cell life cycle. ATP‐regulated internal dynamics are critical to Hsp90 function and we recently demonstrated that these dynamics can be modulated in an allosteric fashion; the protein C‐terminal domain (CTD) can be effectively targeted with a family of 2‐phenyl‐benzofuran derivatives. Here we describe the expansion of the initial library, reporting 28 new derivatives that explore the chemical space at opposite ends of the benzofuran scaffold. Interactions of the compounds with a full‐length protein homolog were explored by Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. In this context we also report the interaction epitope of Novobiocin, a known CTD inhibitor.
Laboratory Maintenance and Cultivation of Bacteroides Species (2008)

Bacteroides species are Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. They are the predominant indigenous bacterial species in the human intestinal tract, where they play an important role in the normal physiology of the host, but they can also be significant opportunistic pathogens. The fact that these are obligate anaerobes is the prevailing feature that affects the methodology used for their cultivation. Several techniques are described for anaerobic culturing; the anaerobic glove box and anaerobic jars are the two techniques most adaptable to a range of research needs. Straightforward methods are presented for propagation on solid media and in broth cultures, and for the long-term storage and maintenance of stock cultures. The Bacteroides species are saccharolytic, which is the second feature of their physiology that impacts cultivation methodology. Several flexible media formulations, including a defined minimal media, are provided that allow the researcher to choose the carbon source best suited for his or her work.
Solar-Powered, Wirelessly-Networked Valves for Site-Specific Irrigation (2006)

Site specific irrigation and fertilization have been proven as useful tools for cropmanagement. Existing technology generally limits the scale at which site management can takeplace since fields are divided into management units which contain multiple sprinklers or emitters.Control of each individual or smaller groups of emitters in an irrigation system may improve waterand fertilizer use efficiencies, and reduce runoff and leaching. Controllable valves would operatefrom a schedule based on plant or field conditions. This would be useful in orchards andlandscaping to irrigate trees or plants with different water or injected fertilizer requirements. In acontainer nursery, the individual schedules could be changed to accommodate inventory movement.<br><br>We are developing an irrigation system consisting of a network of irrigation valve controllers. Eachvalve controller will operate autonomously from a locally stored schedule and communicate with afield controller using wireless communication. Mesh networking will be used to increase the range ofthe network. The line-of-sight range of a single unit was about 30 m. Each valve controller will bepowered by a battery coupled to a solar panel for recharging. This will allow several years ofoperation before battery replacement is required. Solar panel energy production in sunny andshaded conditions will be adequate if radio communication time is carefully managed. Latchingvalves were selected due to their low power requirements. We will develop strategies for accuratecontrol of water discharge, fertilizer application, and detection of fault conditions, such as clogging orbreakage.
Delivery of FEL laser energy at 6.1 /spl mu/m and 6.45 /spl mu/m with chalcogenide fibers (2000)

Summary form only given. Laser energy at 6.45 /spl mu/m, which corresponds to the Amide II band of protein, has been shown to be effective for soft tissue surgery while laser energy at 6.1 /spl mu/m, which corresponds to the bending mode of water, has been shown to be effective for bone surgery. These wavelengths enable efficient ablation of tissue and bone with little collateral damage. The Vanderbilt-free-electron laser (FEL), operating in the 2-9 /spl mu/m region, is being developed as a surgical tool at these wavelengths. In order to be an effective surgical tool, however, the FEL energy must be delivered to the patient in such a way that the surgeon can readily control application of the energy to the tissue. In this paper, we demonstrate that chalcogenide fibers are capable of handling the power levels necessary for laser surgical applications.
A 21-GHz self-oscillating down-converter mixer (2012)

Commercially available integrated radar sensor solutions are at a hard limit of distending their thermal budget. A current-reuse topology of a combined Colpitt's voltage controlled oscillator and a Gilbert-cell based mixer aimed at radar sensor applications is presented. In addition to that frequency dividers and phase locked-loop components complete the design to take effect of PLL application. In comparison to a conventional cascaded block design with even less functionality, the circuit gains 55% in energy consumption at neglectable performance losses.
Opto-ultrasonic communications in wireless body area nanonetworks (2013)

Wirelessly interconnected nanorobots, i.e., engineered devices of sizes ranging from one to a few hundred nanometers, are promising revolutionary diagnostic and therapeutic medical applications that could enhance the treatment of major diseases. Each nanorobot is usually designed to perform a set of basic tasks such as sensing and actuation. A dense wireless network of nano-devices, i.e., a nanonetwork, could potentially accomplish new and more complex functionalities, e.g., in-vivo monitoring or adaptive drug-delivery, thus enabling revolutionary nanomedicine applications. Several innovative communication paradigms to enable nanonetworks have been proposed in the last few years, including electromagnetic communications in the terahertz band, or molecular and neural communications. In this paper, we propose and discuss an alternative approach based on establishing intra-body opto-ultrasonic communications among nanorobots. Opto-ultrasonic communications are based on the optoacoustic effect, which enables the generation of high-frequency acoustic waves by irradiating the medium with electromagnetic energy in the optical frequency range. We first discuss the fundamentals of nanoscale opto-ultrasonic communications in biological tissues, and then we model the generation, propagation, and detection of opto-ultrasonic waves.
Stimulus features underlying reduced tremor suppression with temporally patterned deep brain stimulation (2011)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) provides dramatic tremor relief when delivered at high-stimulation frequencies (more than ∼100 Hz), but its mechanisms of action are not well-understood. Previous studies indicate that high-frequency stimulation is less effective when the stimulation train is temporally irregular. The purpose of this study was to determine the specific characteristics of temporally irregular stimulus trains that reduce their effectiveness: long pauses, bursts, or irregularity per se. We isolated these characteristics in stimulus trains and conducted intraoperative measurements of postural tremor in eight volunteers. Tremor varied significantly across stimulus conditions (P < 0.015), and stimulus trains with pauses were significantly less effective than stimulus trains without (P < 0.002). There were no significant differences in tremor between trains with or without bursts or between trains that were irregular or periodic. Thus the decreased effectiveness of temporally irregular DBS trains is due to long pauses in the stimulus trains, not the degree of temporal irregularity alone. We also conducted computer simulations of neuronal responses to the experimental stimulus trains using a biophysical model of the thalamic network. Trains that suppressed tremor in volunteers also suppressed fluctuations in thalamic transmembrane potential at the frequency associated with cerebellar burst-driver inputs. Clinical and computational findings indicate that DBS suppresses tremor by masking burst-driver inputs to the thalamus and that pauses in stimulation prevent such masking. Although stimulation of other anatomic targets may provide tremor suppression, we propose that the most relevant neuronal targets for effective tremor suppression are the afferent cerebellar fibers that terminate in the thalamus.