gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elementary Number Theory and Its Applications. (1987)

P. What is Number Theory? 1. The Integers. Numbers and Sequences. Sums and Products. Mathematical Induction. The Fibonacci Numbers. 2. Integer Representations and Operations. Representations of Integers. Computer Operations with Integers. Complexity of Integer Operations. 3. Primes and Greatest Common Divisors. Prime Numbers. The Distribution of Primes. Greatest Common Divisors. The Euclidean Algorithm. The Fundemental Theorem of Arithmetic. Factorization Methods and Fermat Numbers. Linear Diophantine Equations. 4. Congruences. Introduction to Congruences. Linear Congrences. The Chinese Remainder Theorem. Solving Polynomial Congruences. Systems of Linear Congruences. Factoring Using the Pollard Rho Method. 5. Applications of Congruences. Divisibility Tests. The perpetual Calendar. Round Robin Tournaments. Hashing Functions. Check Digits. 6. Some Special Congruences. Wilson's Theorem and Fermat's Little Theorem. Pseudoprimes. Euler's Theorem. 7. Multiplicative Functions. The Euler Phi-Function. The Sum and Number of Divisors. Perfect Numbers and Mersenne Primes. Mobius Inversion. 8. Cryptology. Character Ciphers. Block and Stream Ciphers. Exponentiation Ciphers. Knapsack Ciphers. Cryptographic Protocols and Applications. 9. Primitive Roots. The Order of an Integer and Primitive Roots. Primitive Roots for Primes. The Existence of Primitive Roots. Index Arithmetic. Primality Tests Using Orders of Integers and Primitive Roots. Universal Exponents. 10. Applications of Primitive Roots and the Order of an Integer. Pseudorandom Numbers. The EIGamal Cryptosystem. An Application to the Splicing of Telephone Cables. 11. Quadratic Residues. Quadratic Residues and nonresidues. The Law of Quadratic Reciprocity. The Jacobi Symbol. Euler Pseudoprimes. Zero-Knowledge Proofs. 12. Decimal Fractions and Continued. Decimal Fractions. Finite Continued Fractions. Infinite Continued Fractions. Periodic Continued Fractions. Factoring Using Continued Fractions. 13. Some Nonlinear Diophantine Equations. Pythagorean Triples. Fermat's Last Theorem. Sums of Squares. Pell's Equation. 14. The Gaussian Integers. Gaussian Primes. Unique Factorization of Gaussian Integers. Gaussian Integers and Sums of Squares.
Elimination of straightening operation in induction hardening of automotive camshafts (2016)

Recent technological breakthroughs in induction surface hardening of camshafts dramatically reduce their distortion. Achieving almost undetectable camshaft distortion and, in many cases, an elimination of an entire straightening operation is the result of three factors: an ability to form a true uniform hardness pattern, minimisation of maximum pick temperature and avoidance of applying any pressure/force during hardening. Other benefits of utilising the SHarP-CTM Technology in recent installations have proven to produce not only superior straightness but also better metallurgical properties of induction hardened lobes and bearings. This advanced technology also minimises energy consumption and substantially increases inductor life.
From existing in situ, high-resolution measurement technologies to lab-on-a-chip – the future of water quality monitoring? (2012)

Abstract. This paper introduces new insights into the hydrochemical functioning of lowland river-systems using field-based spectrophotometric and electrode technologies. The streamwater concentrations of nitrogen species and phosphorus fractions were measured at hourly intervals on a continuous basis at two contrasting sites on tributaries of the River Thames, one draining a rural catchment, the River Enborne, and one draining a more urban system, The Cut. The measurements complement those from an existing network of multi-parameter water quality sondes maintained across the Thames catchment and weekly monitoring based on grab samples. The results of the sub-daily monitoring show that streamwater phosphorus concentrations display highly complex, seemingly chaotic, dynamics under storm conditions dependent on the antecedent catchment wetness, and that diurnal phosphorus and nitrogen cycles occur under low flow conditions. The diurnal patterns highlight the dominance of sewage inputs in controlling the streamwater phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations at low flows, even at a distance of 7 km from the nearest sewage works in the rural, River Enborne, and that the time of sample collection is important when judging water quality against ecological thresholds or standards. An exhaustion of the supply of phosphorus from diffuse and septic tank sources during storm events was evident and load estimation was not improved by sub-daily monitoring beyond that achieved by daily sampling because of the eventual reduction in the phosphorus mass entering the stream during events. The dominance of respiration over photosynthesis in The Cut indicated a prevalence of heterotrophic algae, and the seasonal patterns in respiration and photosynthesis corresponded with those of temperature and light in this nutrient over-enriched stream. These results highlight the utility of sub-daily water quality measurements but the deployment of modified wet-chemistry technologies into the field was limited by mains electricity availability. A new approach is therefore needed to allow measurement of a wide range of analytes at a broader range of locations for the development of water quality web-sensor networks. The development and field deployment of a miniaturised "lab-on-a-chip" ion chromatograph is proposed and justified.
Truncation correction of fan beam transmission data for attenuation correction using parallel beam emission data on a 3-detector SPECT system (2004)

Our method appears to be useful for improving the SPECT images obtained using simultaneous TCT/SPECT acquisition in a 3-detector SPECT. However, further studies will be necessary to establish the clinical usefulness of this method.
Microparticle enzyme immunoassay for determination of immunoglobulin G antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (1988)

A microparticle enzyme immunoassay (LEIA) that uses passive latex agglutination was used to detect cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G antibodies in 495 serum samples. LEIA was in excellent concordance with latex agglutination (97%) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (98.3%). The sensitivity and specificity of LEIA compared with those of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were 100 and 92.5%, respectively.
Neutron activation and safety analysis for the Ignitor machine (1995)

Ignitor is a proposed high-magnetic field tokamak aimed at studying plasma burning conditions in Deuterium-Tritium plasmas. A preliminary safety analysis has been started to assess the machine safety. Environmental Source Terms (EST), i.e., radioactive and energy inventories have been evaluated. Probabilistic safety assessment, deterministic evaluation of envelope accidental sequences and evaluation of doses to the public have been carried out. The main result is that even the consequences of the worst release scenario are well below the maximum allowable levels
Coupling Capillary Electrochromatography with Electrospray Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry for Characterizing Complex Oligosaccharide Pools (2003)

To deal with the complexity of the glycan mixtures released from glycoproteins, an efficient form of micro-column separations, capillary electrochromatography, has been combined with high-performance mass spectrometry (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance). Contour plots have been generated from the mixtures of O-linked oligosaccharides originated from bovine mucin and bile salt-stimulated lipase, a large glycoprotein enzyme.
Deformable medical image registration using generative adversarial networks (2018)

Conventional approaches to image registration consist of time consuming iterative methods. Most current deep learning (DL) based registration methods extract deep features to use in an iterative setting. We propose an end-to-end DL method for registering multimodal images. Our approach uses generative adversarial networks (GANs) that eliminates the need for time consuming iterative methods, and directly generates the registered image with the deformation field. Appropriate constraints in the GAN cost function produce accurately registered images in less than a second. Experiments demonstrate their accuracy for multimodal retinal and cardiac MR image registration.
Multigigabit/sec operation of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. W. Maeda, A. Von Lehmen, J. R. Wullert, M. Allersma, H. Izadpanah, C. Chang-Hasnain, M. Z. Iqbal, and C. Lin, "Multigigabit/sec operation of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser array," in Digest of Conference on Optical Fiber Communication, Vol. 5 of 1992 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1992), paper WB4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Al Contamination in InGaAsN Quantum Wells Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition and 1.3 µm InGaAsN Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (2004)

We obtained high-quality InGaAsN quantum wells (QWs) by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Our InGaAsN QWs showed low threshold current densities and high-temperature characteristics (550 A/cm 2 , 150 K at 1275 nm for 3QWs) in broad-area lasers. High output power (2.8 mW at 1280 nm) was also obtained from the room-temperature continuous operation of InGaAsN 3QW vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. We revealed the first solid evidence that unexpected Al incorporation (Al contamination) occurred in InGaAsN QWs continuously grown on GaAs/AlGaAs structures by MOCVD. Our results suggest that Al contamination leads to a rough surface and low photoluminescence intensity of the InGaAsN QWs. By minimizing Al contamination, high-quality InGaAsN QWs were obtained. Al contamination in InGaAsN QWs should be carefully considered in the MOCVD growth of InGaAsN-based devices.
New mullite ceramic packages and substrates (1988)

The authors describe the fabrication technologies and properties of new mullites for advanced VLSI packaging technology, as well as applications utilizing their characteristics. These new mullite ceramic substrates have the following characteristics: (1) low dielectric constants (5.4-7.5), which facilitate the realization of a device manifesting a high speed of signal transmission; (2) low thermal expansion coefficients (3.0-4.05*10/sup -6// degrees C), which permit the direct attachment of a large silicon chip; and (3) sufficiently high flexural strength (20-31 kg/mm/sup 2/), providing high mechanical reliability for practical use. It is concluded that, as a result of these characteristics, the new mullite packages and substrates could guarantee a highly reliable attachment for a large silicon chip and high signal transmission speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Skew-tolerant domino circuits (2002)

As cycle time of chips shrinks and die size grows, clock skew measured as a fraction of the cycle time is increasing. Traditional domino circuits shown are especially sensitive because skew must be budgeted in both half-cycles. The problem with such domino pipelines is that evaluation starts when the clock connected to the first gate in the half-cycle rises but the output needs to be valid before the clock on the output latch falls. In the worst case, the evaluate clock is late and the latch clock is early, decreasing time for logic. Many designers realize that some of the overhead can be reduced by using differential domino (also called dual rail) designs. An SR latch or pipeline latch at the end of dual-rail circuits lessens sensitivity to the falling edge. Self-timed techniques eliminate clocks and clock skew, but raise new issues of control overhead, timing assumption verification, and testability. The methodology reported here boosts operating frequency by tolerating clock skew, eliminating latches from the critical path, and better balancing logic between phases of the pipeline.
Diffraction from oxide confinement apertures in VCSELs (1998)

Summary form only given. We report direct measurement of the scattered field intensity from oxide-confinement aperture VCSELs. The devices in this experiment consist of 960-nm wavelength-matched AlGaAs laser cavities sandwiched between two oxide layers with rectangular apertures. Although each device operates in a single longitudinal mode, the number of transverse modes typically varies between one and six, depending on drive current.
A Multifunctional Compact Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna With Four Radiation Patterns for Sub-GHz IoT Applications (2021)

A compact pattern reconfigurable antenna with four radiation patterns is proposed for sub-GHz IoT applications. The antenna has two functional modes; Mode I has three uncorrelated patterns, while Mode II has electric and magnetic omnidirectional patterns. The resonant frequency of the antenna is 868 MHz with measured overlapped -6 dB impedance-bandwidths of 22 MHz and 20 MHz for Mode I and Mode II, respectively. The antenna is integrated in an 80×55 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> terminal. The radiating elements consist of two meandered slots and one meandered monopole. Four pattern configurations are obtained with an average peak gain of 0 dBi, and an average radiation efficiency of 43.3%. Two of the patterns are with 5 dB directivity, and the other two are omnidirectional patterns. Pattern reconfigurability is achieved using four PIN diodes. The antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR-4 substrate. By removing FR-4 material inside the slots, slots' radiation efficiencies were improved by 2.25 dB.
Hybrid quantum photonics (2022)

We will discuss some recent ideas and developments on how plasmonics and machine learning can be employed to dramatically speed up quantum process to make them immune to decoherence and how they can significantly improve the performance of quantum photonics devices and systems. Our recent discovery of single-photon emitters in technologically important SiN platform will be also discussed.
Effect of Natural Fractures on Eagle Ford Shale Mechanical Properties (2014)

Abstract Natural fractures widely exist in shale samples, and natural opening-mode fractures reactivate during stimulation and enhance efficiency by widening the treatment zone. The existence of natural fractures is very important to the stimulation treatment and will eventually benefit the shale gas/oil reservoir recovery. The effect of natural fractures on a shale mechanical property study will serve as the basis for the formation evaluation and the sweetspot selection on the hydraulic fracturing treatment. By combining conventional destructive mechanical tests and novel digital rock nondestructive analysis, important conclusions can be determined regarding the mechanical properties changing trend as a function of the fracture structure. The more complex the natural fracture structures, the less resistant the rock. This paper presents, in detail, the changing trend from various shale samples. Studies on the mechanical properties of Eagle Ford shale samples (e.g., Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, etc.) are performed in a laboratory using a hydraulic load frame, and the core internal fractures are computed tomography (CT) scanned before and after the mechanical tests. The effect of natural fractures on the mechanical properties is analyzed through the testing data. The induced fractures are characterized in several Eagle Ford shale core plugs in terms of orientation, size, and width. Substantial image processing techniques are employed to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) rock microstructures. The statistical properties, such as the width, length, and the tortuosity of the main fractures, are obtained through image analysis. The volume of the fractures and the permeability on all x, y, and z directions on the central part of the core plug are calculated based on the 3D CT images as well. The small fractures can serve as the planes of weakness and reactivate during a hydraulic fracture treatment. This paper elaborates on the data interpretation and measurement correlation methods used to study natural fracture behavior as well as how this behavior affects mechanical tests, which can be very important in the field of geomechanics as well as formation stimulation research.
Synthesis and application of light-switchable arylazopyrazole rapamycin analogs (2019)

Rapamycin-induced dimerization of FKBP and FRB has been utilized as a tool for co-localizing two proteins of interest in numerous applications. Due to the tight binding interaction of rapamycin with FKBP and FRB, the ternary complex formation is essentially irreversible. Since biological processes occur in a highly dynamic fashion with cycles of protein association and dissociation to generate a cellular response, it is useful to have chemical tools that function in a similar manner. We have developed arylazopyrazole-modified rapamycin analogs which undergo a configurational change upon light exposure and we observed enhanced ternary complex formation for the cis-isomer over the trans-isomer for one of the analogs.
Case Study of Rotating Expandable Reamer Across Whipstock and Drilling Ahead over 8,000 ft Reduces Drilling Time (2013)

Abstract In today's oil and gas industry, reducing drilling time and cost has become more and more important as wells have been drilled deeper and costs have risen. This paper will describe a case study of a well drilled in the Main Pass area of the Gulf of Mexico for a major operator. In this job, in order to eliminate a trip and significantly reduced costs, it was required to rotate a bottomhole assembly (BHA), including an expandable reamer, across a whipstock. This well contained several unusual challenges that will be described, including a shallow kick off and a subsequent extended-hole section to reach a proposed total depth (TD) in excess of 10,000 ft, drilling through sand and shale. The paper will describe the team process, coordination and communication required between the operator and service companies to make this unique job successful. Offsets will be compared with respect to drilling dysfunction, vibrations, time, costs, and the like. To reduce cost and non-productive time (NPT), it was decided to forgo drilling a long rathole out of the whipstock and proceed immediately with reaming on the next trip in. This approach required rotating the closed reamer across the whipstock, necessitating a series of analyses to limit the risk while performing this unusual feat. Extra trips were eliminated by using innovative well planning, procuring downhole tools with reputation of toughness and reliability, and finally requiring excellent cooperation between all involved parties. This job was confirmed to have saved the operator 29 hours of rig time and in excess of $250,000, while reducing the drilling plan by two days.
Microfluidic Bead Array Device Using Laser-Machined Surface Microstructures on Silica Glass (2007)

Laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) method can be applied for fabricating novel microfluidic devices. We have fabricated a microfluidic device incorporating two-dimensional array of microbeads with 10 μm diameter for selective DNA capturing.
Novel serum biomarkers for erythropoietin use in humans: a proteomic approach (2010)

Erythropoietin (Epo) is produced primarily in the kidneys upon low blood oxygen availability and stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. Recombinant human Epo (rHuEpo), a drug developed to increase arterial oxygen content in patients, is also illicitly used by athletes to improve their endurance performance. Therefore, a robust and sensitive test to detect its abuse is needed. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential human serum biomarkers of Epo abuse employing a proteomic approach. Eight healthy male subjects were injected subcutaneously with rHuEpo (5,000 IU) every second day for a 16-day period. Serum was collected before starting the treatment regime and again at days 8 and 16 during the treatment period. Samples were homogenized and proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). Spots that changed significantly in response to rHuEpo treatment were identified by mass spectrometry. Both the number of reticulocytes and erythrocytes increased throughout the study, leading to a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin content. In addition, transferrin levels increased but the percentage of iron bound to transferrin and ferritin levels decreased. Out of 97 serum proteins, seven were found to decrease significantly at day 16 compared with pre-Epo administration, and were identified as four isoforms of haptoglobin, two isoforms of transferrin, and a mixture of hemopexin and albumin. In support, total serum haptoglobin levels were found to be significantly decreased at both days 8 and 16. Thus a 2DE proteomic approach for discovery of novel markers of Epo action appears feasible.
Chimeric Investigations into the Diamide Binding Site on the Lepidopteran Ryanodine Receptor (2021)

Alterations to amino acid residues G4946 and I4790, associated with resistance to diamide insecticides, suggests a location of diamide interaction within the pVSD voltage sensor-like domain of the insect ryanodine receptor (RyR). To further delineate the interaction site(s), targeted alterations were made within the same pVSD region on the diamondback moth (<i>Plutella xylostella</i>) RyR channel. The editing of five amino acid positions to match those found in the diamide insensitive skeletal RyR1 of humans (hRyR1) in order to generate a human-<i>Plutella</i> chimeric construct showed that these alterations strongly reduce diamide efficacy when introduced in combination but cause only minor reductions when introduced individually. It is concluded that the sites of diamide interaction on insect RyRs lie proximal to the voltage sensor-like domain of the RyR and that the main site of interaction is at residues K4700, Y4701, I4790 and S4919 in the S1 to S4 transmembrane domains.
Min-Sum Algorithm Using Multi-Edge-Type Normalized Scheme for ATSC 3.0 LDPC Decoders (2020)

To offer commercial LDPC decoders with better performance, in this paper, multi-edge-type (MET) normalized scheme is proposed to improve the performance of traditional min-sum algorithm (MSA) and its modified versions. With respect to sum-product algorithm (SPA), we firstly analyze and find out that the degradations of convergence in different edge types are distinct in MSA theoretically. To compensate the different degradations above, proposed MET-normalized scheme is used in normalized min-sum algorithm (MET-NMSA). In addition, MET-based density evolution (MET-DE) is also presented to search optimized MET-scaling factors for MET-NMSA. To further verify the validity of MET-normalized scheme, Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 LDPC codes are used to evaluate MET-NMSA in comparison with the conventional algorithms, i.e., normalized min-sum algorithm (NMSA), offset min-sum algorithm (OMSA) and variable-scaling normalized min-sum algorithm (VS-NMSA). Extensive simulation results show that MET-NMSA for ATSC 3.0 LDPC decoders has at most 1.53dB, 0.21dB and 0.35dB gain over NMSA, OMSA and VS-NMSA respectively when frame error rate (FER) is at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> level over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels using QPSK modulation.