gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of an inorganic photoresist for DUV, EUV, and electron beam imaging (2010)

The trend of ever decreasing feature sizes in subsequent lithography generations is paralleled by the need to reduce resist thickness to prevent pattern collapse. Thinner films limit the ability to transfer the pattern to the substrate during etch steps, obviating the need for a hardmask layer and thus increasing processing costs. For the 22 nm node, the critical aspect ratio will be less than 2:1, meaning 40-45 nm thick resists will be commonplace. To address this problem, we have developed new inorganic nanocomposite photoresists with significantly higher etch resistance than the usual polymer-based photoresists. Hafnium oxide nanoparticles are used as a core to build the inorganic nanocomposite into an imageable photoresist. During the sol-gel processing of nanoparticles, a variety of organic ligands can be used to control the surface chemistry of the final product. The different ligands on the surface of the nanoparticles give them unique properties, allowing these films to act as positive or negative tone photoresists for 193 nm or electron beam lithography. The development of such an inorganic resist can provide several advantages to conventional chemically amplified resist (CAR) systems. Beyond the etch resistance of the material, several other advantages exist, including improved depth of focus (DOF) and reduced line edge roughness (LER). This work will show etch data on a material that is ~3 times more etch-resistant than a PHOST standard. The refractive index of the resist at 193 nm is about 2.0, significantly improving the DOF. Imaging data, including cross-sections, will be shown for 60 nm lines/spaces (l/s) for 193 nm and e-beam lithography. Further, images and physical characteristics of the materials will be provided in both positive and negative tones for 193 nm and e-beam lithography.
SILICON CARBIDE FOR ENHANCED MEMS RELIABILITY (2004)

The tribological characteristics of SiC films, both as a structural material and as a thin passivating coating, are characterized using micromachined cantilever beam arrays, doubly clamped beams, and sidewall adhesion and friction testers. Our results indicate that using SiC as the substrate or structural layer or thin film coating significantly reduces stiction of free-standing structures to the substrate, and virtually eliminates stiction and wear of sidewall MEMS structures.
Reovirus Transport &ndash; Studies Using Lymphocytosis Promoting Factor (1990)

To explore how bacteria and their products may modulate viral infection, we investigated the effect of a well-characterized and highly purified product of Bordetella pertussis, a pertussis toxin, also known as lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF), on enteric reovirus infection. LPF is known to have a variety of effects, including modulation of circulation and homing of lymphoid cells. When adult mice are inoculated with reovirus type 1 perorally, reovirus first enters the Peyer's patches (PP) through M cells, and then spreads to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleen with minimal dissemination to other peripheral tissues. In view of the profound effect of LPF on lymphoid tissues, we evaluated whether LPF might influence the early stages of type-1 reovirus infection following peroral inoculation. Pretreatment of adult BALB/c mice with LPF significantly inhibited the spread of reovirus in a manner dependent upon the route of inoculation; LPF inhibited the extra-intestinal spread of virus from PP to MLN after intragastric inoculation; in contrast there was enhancement of the spread of blood-borne viruses to MLN after intravenous inoculation. This result, together with the fact that the efferent lymph from PP reaches MLN, suggests that a proportion of reoviruses were conveyed from PP to MLN in association with lymphoid cells along the lymphatic channels and that LPF affects reovirus, in part, by blocking cell movement.
Dynamic Characterization of Crystalline Supramolecular Rotors Assembled through Halogen Bonding (2015)

A modular molecular kit for the preparation of crystalline molecular rotors was devised from a set of stators and rotators to gain simple access to a large number of structures with different dynamic performance and physical properties. In this work, we have accomplished this with crystalline molecular rotors self-assembled by halogen bonding of diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, acting as a rotator, and a set of five fluorine-substituted iodobenzenes that take the role of the stator. Using variable-temperature (1)H T1 spin-lattice relaxation measurements, we have shown that all structures display ultrafast Brownian rotation with activation energies of 2.4-4.9 kcal/mol and pre-exponential factors of the order of (1-9) × 10(12) s(-1). Line shape analysis of quadrupolar echo (2)H NMR measurements in selected examples indicated rotational trajectories consistent with the 3-fold or 6-fold symmetric potential of the rotator.
Fast Sublinear Sparse Representation using Shallow Tree Matching Pursuit (2014)

Sparse approximations using highly over-complete dictionaries is a state-of-the-art tool for many imaging applications including denoising, super-resolution, compressive sensing, light-field analysis, and object recognition. Unfortunately, the applicability of such methods is severely hampered by the computational burden of sparse approximation: these algorithms are linear or super-linear in both the data dimensionality and size of the dictionary. We propose a framework for learning the hierarchical structure of over-complete dictionaries that enables fast computation of sparse representations. Our method builds on tree-based strategies for nearest neighbor matching, and presents domain-specific enhancements that are highly efficient for the analysis of image patches. Contrary to most popular methods for building spatial data structures, out methods rely on shallow, balanced trees with relatively few layers. We show an extensive array of experiments on several applications such as image denoising/superresolution, compressive video/light-field sensing where we practically achieve 100-1000x speedup (with a less than 1dB loss in accuracy).
Multi-Element Sol-Gel Derived Integrated Optic Chemical Sensor (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper summarizes the development of a self-referenced, multi-channel, integrated optic chemical sensor technology for in-line monitoring of water quality in NASA's water revitalization subsystem, in the controlled ecological life support system for prolonged space missions. The technique uses commonly available materials and straightforward processing to produce channel waveguides in a porous glass, each channel treated with a fluorescence or absorbance based indicator that responds optically to metal ions in water. The porosity of the glass allows metal ions present in water to diffuse into the glass and interact with immobilized indicators, producing a measurable optical change.&lt;/div&gt;
Exploratory nondestructive evaluation (NDE) research for advanced materials and processes: Volume 1 -- High resolution computed tomography for failure analysis. Final report, 1 July 1995--30 April 1998 (1998)

Failure analysis is an essential element of all engineered products. The goal of failure analysis is the understanding of root causes of any undesirable effects. High resolution computed tomography offers detailed information on the internal assembly and material condition of objects under failure analysis investigation allowing accurate interpretation of effects not detectable by other means. Failure analysis using CT investigations are improved in technical accuracy at a reduced schedule and cost over alternative approaches. The cost of a high resolution CT system is often difficult to justify for CT applications only. However, when the system provides high resolution radioscopic imaging as well as CT, the cost justification is favorable. To achieve a combination high resolution radioscopic and CT system, a microfocus X-ray source is used. A versatile microfocus radioscopic system with CT capability has been successfully implemented as a standard tool in an aerospace failure analysis laboratory whose budget is in the range of $1 M/year. Using this tool, studies of electronic, electromechanical and composite material items have been performed. Such a system pays for itself within 2 years through higher productivity of the laboratory, increased laboratory value to the company and timely resolution of critical problems.
A malaria vaccine candidate based on an epitope of the Plasmodium falciparum RH5 protein (2014)

Here, data is presented from an anti-PfRH5 mAb that completely inhibits erythrocyte invasion by parasites in vitro, one of the few anti-malarial monoclonal antibodies reported to date that completely inhibits invasion with such potency, adding to other studies that highlight the potential of PfRH5 as a vaccine antigen. The specific neutralization sensitive epitope within RH5 has been identified, and antibodies against this epitope also elicit high anti-invasion activity, suggesting this epitope could form the basis of an effective vaccine against malaria.
12-19 kV 4H-SiC pin diodes with low power loss (2002)

12-19 kV 4H-SiC UHV pin diodes have been developed for the first time. The developed UHV diodes have a low V/sub F/ of less than 1/4/sup th/ and short trr of less than 1/30/sup th/, as compared with those of commercialized 6 kV Si diodes. Therefore, they can drastically reduce both the conduction loss and the switching loss of electric power conversion equipment.
Six-axis controlled nanometer-order positioning stage for microfabrication (1992)

A compact, low-height prototype of a six-axis precise positioning stage for microfabrication has been developed. X and Y stage positioning requires nanometer positioning resolution and robustness against atmospheric turbulence. The stiffness and dead play of the traveling mechanism were improved by using rolling contact guides, and the positioning resolution was improved by using a friction drive mechanism. Analog signals from an optical linear scale are influenced little by atmospheric turbulence. Using these advantages of the optical linear scale and with a newly developed positioning algorithm, one-nanometer resolution was obtained.
Detection via laser desorption and mass spectrometry of multiplex electrophore-labeled albumin (1997)

Albumin was reacted with a mixture of six electrophore N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, each of which possessed an interior glycolketo linkage. The purpose of this linkage is to release the attached electrophore as a ketone when heated, due to a thermal retro-aldol reaction. The multiplex electrophore-labeled albumin was detected as a dried spot deposited on a polyimide membrane by laser desorption/capillary collection (of the released ketone electrophores)/off-line gas chromatography/electron capture-mass spectrometry. This encourages further study of such electrophore labels in immunoassays and related techniques, where there is a need to make advances in multi-analyte detection.
Turismo, cultura e desenvolvimento (2012)

As discussões sobre turismo e cultura têm suscitado crescente interesse pelas dinâmicas dos processos que afetam ao desenvolvimento de regiões e lugares. O desafio posto pelos autores do livro é contribuir no debate teórico/conceitual para explicação do turismo e da cultura enquanto fenômeno e realidade empírica de forma a promover o desenvolvimento voltado ao ser humano e o aprofundamento das pesquisas nos diversos estados do Brasil.
A multispecific antibody prevents immune escape and confers pan-SARS-CoV-2 neutralization (2022)

Despite effective countermeasures, SARS-CoV-2 persists worldwide due to its ability to diversify and evade human immunity<sup>1</sup>. This evasion stems from amino-acid substitutions, particularly in the receptor-binding domain of the spike, that confer resistance to vaccines and antibodies <sup>2-16</sup>. To constrain viral escape through resistance mutations, we combined antibody variable regions that recognize different receptor binding domain (RBD) sites<sup>17,18</sup> into multispecific antibodies. Here, we describe multispecific antibodies, including a trispecific that prevented virus escape >3000-fold more potently than the most effective clinical antibody or mixtures of the parental antibodies. Despite being generated before the evolution of Omicron, this trispecific antibody potently neutralized all previous variants of concern and major Omicron variants, including the most recent BA.4/BA.5 strains at nanomolar concentrations. Negative stain electron microscopy revealed that synergistic neutralization was achieved by engaging different epitopes in specific orientations that facilitated inter-spike binding. An optimized trispecific antibody also protected Syrian hamsters against Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5, each of which uses different amino acid substitutions to mediate escape from therapeutic antibodies. Such multispecific antibodies decrease the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 escape, simplify treatment, and maximize coverage, providing a strategy for universal antibody therapies that could help eliminate pandemic spread for this and other pathogens.
A Facile Zirconium(IV) Chloride Catalyzed Selective Deprotection of t‐Butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) Ethers. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Periostin, a matricellular protein, plays a role in the induction of chemokines in pulmonary fibrosis (2012)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and usually fatal form of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The precise molecular mechanisms of IPF remain poorly understood. However, analyses of mice receiving bleomycin (BLM) as a model of IPF established the importance of preceding inflammation for the formation of fibrosis. Periostin is a recently characterized matricellular protein involved in modulating cell functions. We recently found that periostin is highly expressed in the lung tissue of patients with IPF, suggesting that it may play a role in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. To explore this possibility, we administered BLM to periostin-deficient mice, and they subsequently showed a reduction of pulmonary fibrosis. We next determined whether this result was caused by a decrease in the preceding recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages in the lungs because of the lower production of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. We performed an in vitro analysis of chemokine productio...
Development of humoral and cellular immunological memory against SARS-CoV-2 despite B cell depleting treatment in multiple sclerosis (2021)

B cell depleting therapies (BCDTs) are widely used as immunomodulating agents for autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Their possible impact on development of immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised concerns with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We here evaluated the frequency of COVID-19-like symptoms and determined immunological responses in participants of an observational trial comprising several multiple sclerosis disease modulatory drugs (COMBAT-MS; NCT03193866) and in eleven patients after vaccination, with a focus on BCDT. Almost all seropositive and 17.9% of seronegative patients on BCDT, enriched for a history of COVID-19-like symptoms, developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory, and T cells displayed functional similarity to controls producing IFN-γ and TNF. Following vaccination, vaccine-specific humoral memory was impaired, while all patients developed a specific T cell response. These results indicate that BCDTs do not abrogate SARS-CoV-2 cellular memory and provide a possible explanation as to why the majority of patients on BCDTs recover from COVID-19.
Anion Partitioning in and Diffusion through a Nafion Membrane (2003)

Although Nafion-117 is a cation-exchange membrane, anions can readily diffuse through it when it is in contact with a high ionic strength or low pH solution. In this study, diffusion coefficients of anions (bisulfate and Cr(VI)) through a Nafion membrane were measured under these two conditions using a two-compartment cell. In addition, the partition coefficients of these anions in the membrane were measured. For sulfate concentrations of about 0.1 M, the average bisulfate partition coefficient was about 0.23 (mg/cm3 water)/(mg/cm3 membrane). The adsorption isotherm for Cr(VI) in Nafion membranes equilibrated with 0.1 M NiSO4 + CrO3 solution was linear (Cm = 0.079Ce +12.93, Ce as mg/cm3 CrO3, r2 > 0.99), indicating that the Cr(VI) partition coefficient decreased with increasing chromic acid concentration (1−4 M range). The apparent diffusivities of HSO4- and Cr(VI) anions in the Nafion membrane were 1.08 × 10-6 and 8.06 × 10-7 cm2/s, respectively. The bisulfate concentration variation resulting from diffusion in the system was well-simulated by a numerical program based on Fick's second law. An alumina ceramic diaphragm was also tested for comparison. The bisulfate partition and diffusion coefficients in the ceramic were 0.4 and 2.17 × 10-6 cm2/s, respectively.
Supplemental Figures 1-9 and Table S1 from Gastrointestinal Tract Dysbiosis Enhances Distal Tumor Progression through Suppression of Leukocyte Trafficking (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental data regarding cecum morphology, body weights, adhesion molecule expression in spleen and thymus, spleen size, tumor and stroma cell viability, and IFN-g and VEGF serum levels after induction of dysbiosis.&lt;/p&gt;
Enhancement in the Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) by Incorporation of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in ZnO Nanostructures (2022)

In this work, a fast, environment-friendly and economic route was used to prepare ZnO and their nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The prepared nanostructures were well-characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman measurements. The XRD, Raman and TEM results confirmed that the ZnO nanostructures were crystallized into the hexagonal phase, and the nanocomposites containing RGO and CNTs. Morphological studies performed by using FESEM and TEM images showed that the ZnO possessed tube-like morphology with length and diameter in the range of ~1 micron and 90–200 nm, respectively, which were uniform and densely covered on the surface of the carbon materials. The DSSCs were fabricated using prepared nanostructures as a working electrode and platinum as a counter electrode with ruthenium-based dyes and iodide electrolytes. To further improve the efficiency of fabricated solar cells, nanocomposites of prepared nanostructures of ZnO with RGO and CNTs were synthesized, and their results were compared with the pristine samples. The results showed that the ZnO/CNTs (0.5 wt%) nanocomposites electrode exhibited the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs with a maximum value of 0.612% compared to 0.326% of DSSC with pure ZnO, and 0.574% of DSSC with ZnO/RGO. Significantly, this technique could be used for large-scale production using the existing economical and highly effective DSSC fabrication technique.
Advanced concepts and options for thin-film crystalline Si solar cells (2000)

The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it presents a concise overview of the benefits to be expected from the development of a thin-film crystalline Si solar cell technology on a low-cost substrate as well as the technical and physical challenges encountered. It becomes clear that a large number of options are open in terms of substrate, deposition technology and solar cell technology. Secondly, focus is placed on the approach chosen by the thin-film crystalline Si solar cell team of IMEC and the results and progress of understanding achieved by the group over the last five years. Basically, their technical strategy is based on an evolutionary scheme for the cell design. More specifically, a transition is made from a classical two-side contacted cell design to a one-side contacted cell type which paves the way for a monolithic module design. For the technical realisation of the thin crystalline Si layers, chemical vapour deposition is expected to be the preferred technique, at least in a short and mid-term perspective.
Nanorods of Endohedral Metallofullerene Derivative (2007)

Nanorods of La@C82(Ad) (Ad = adamantylidene) were prepared via the liquid−liquid interfacial precipitation method. From the SEM, HRTEM, EELS, and SADEP analyses, it was revealed that the nanorods consist of a single crystal of La@C82(Ad). The field-effect transistor (FET) measurement of the La@C82(Ad) nanorods shows a p-type action. The magnetic orientation of the nanorods was observed; that is, the nanorods of La@C82(Ad) oriented with the nanorod axis perpendicular to the magnetic field.
S12911, a new divalent strontium salt stimulates cartilage matrix formation (1996)

peer reviewed
P4937Device orientation of a leadless pacemaker and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in canine and human subjects and the effect on device-device communication (2017)

Sudden Cardiac Death and ICD 1041tween different emergency medical services (EMS), medical examiners, and 48 hospitals.The underlying cause was adjudicated by a dedicated working group (including one cardiologist and one intensivist), according to pre-specified definitions, after thoroughly reviewing all EMS and hospital records.Results: Among 18,662 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, 14,593 patients died before hospital admission, and 1,041 others did not fulfill the SCA definition.Considering the 3,028 SCA admitted alive (mean age 59.3±15.7 years, 72.9% male), the cause remained uncertain in 1,040 (34.3%), and was due to an extra cardiac aetiology in 431 patients (14.2%).Overall, 1,557 (51.4%) patients had an established cardiac cause, with coronary artery disease (1,235; 79.3%) being the most frequent; among those, acute coronary syndromes (912; 73.8%) predominated.Non-ischemic cardiomyopathies represented the second principal cause of SCA with 155 cases (10.0%), including 99 (63.9%)dilated and 30 (19.4%) hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, 15 (9.7%) myocarditis and 6 (3.9%) arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies.Non-structural heart diseases were finally identified in a minority of patients (70; 4.5%), including 9 (12.9%)Brugada, 5 (7.1%) early repolarization, 4 (5.7%)long QT, 2 (2.9%) accessory pathways, 1 (1.4%) catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and 49 (70.0%)patients labelled as idiopathic ventricular fibrillation.Overall, 596 patients (38.3%) had known heart disease identified prior to SCA event.Conclusions: We provide a comprehensive picture of underlying aetiologies of SCA in the community demonstrating the predominance of coronary artery disease.It follows that in order to make any tangible impact on SCA prevention, focused research to better understand how acute ischemia may trigger ventricular fibrillation as well as improve screening measures to identify at risk individuals is required.