gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AI Programmer: Autonomously Creating Software Programs Using Genetic Algorithms (2017)

In this paper, we present the first-of-its-kind machine learning (ML) system, called AI Programmer, that can automatically generate full software programs requiring only minimal human guidance. At its core, AI Programmer uses genetic algorithms (GA) coupled with a tightly constrained programming language that minimizes the overhead of its ML search space. Part of AI Programmer's novelty stems from (i) its unique system design, including an embedded, hand-crafted interpreter for efficiency and security and (ii) its augmentation of GAs to include instruction-gene randomization bindings and programming language-specific genome construction and elimination techniques. We provide a detailed examination of AI Programmer's system design, several examples detailing how the system works, and experimental data demonstrating its software generation capabilities and performance using only mainstream CPUs.
Revision and Salvage Management: Proceedings of the International Consensus Meeting on Cartilage Repair of the Ankle (2018)

This international consensus derived from leaders in the field will assist clinicians with revision and salvage management in the cartilage repair of the ankle.
Sensor integrated RFID tags driven by energy scavenger for sustainable wearable electronics applications (2016)

The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for the automatic identification and communication of physical parameters with on board integrated sensor attracts vast applications on a large scale ranging from mobile healthcare to logistics, supply chains, robotics and many others. Recently, sensor RFID tags have been considered in wearable electronics. However, these devices are still empowered by a battery. In this paper, we proposed and designed a self-sustainable sensor integrated RFID tag for wearable electronics applications. A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) integrated dual-gate thin film transistor (TFT) was used to harvest energy from daily human activities such as arm/finger movements. Numerical analysis and preliminary results of such energy harvester was reported in addition to system design of sensor integrated chip-based active RFID tag.
Long-Term Desynchronization by Coordinated Reset Stimulation in a Neural Network Model With Synaptic and Structural Plasticity (2021)

Several brain disorders are characterized by abnormal neuronal synchronization. To specifically counteract abnormal neuronal synchrony and, hence, related symptoms, coordinated reset (CR) stimulation was computationally developed. In principle, successive epochs of synchronizing and desynchronizing stimulation may reversibly move neural networks with plastic synapses back and forth between stable regimes with synchronized and desynchronized firing. Computationally derived predictions have been verified in pre-clinical and clinical studies, paving the way for novel therapies. However, as yet, computational models were not able to reproduce the clinically observed increase of desynchronizing effects of regularly administered CR stimulation intermingled by long stimulation-free epochs. We show that this clinically important phenomenon can be computationally reproduced by taking into account structural plasticity (SP), a mechanism that deletes or generates synapses in order to homeostatically adapt the firing rates of neurons to a set point-like target firing rate in the course of days to months. If we assume that CR stimulation favorably reduces the target firing rate of SP, the desynchronizing effects of CR stimulation increase after long stimulation-free epochs, in accordance with clinically observed phenomena. Our study highlights the pivotal role of stimulation- and dosing-induced modulation of homeostatic set points in therapeutic processes.
Collision avoidance in a multiple-robot system using intelligent control and neural networks (2002)

A new hierarchical collision avoidance scheme is proposed to coordinate multiple robots in a common workspace by combining the techniques of intelligent control and neural networks (NNs). The high level in the hierarchy is formed by a knowledge-based coordinator (KBC) and an NN-based predictor, and the low level consists of the robots to be coordinated. The authors state the problem of coordinating multiple robots for collision avoidance and the basic principles of the KBC. The knowledge acquisition and representation of collision detection and avoidance for both cylindrical- and revolute-type robots are discussed. Design of the NN-based predictor and the KBC is summarized. The proposed scheme was tested extensively via simulations for both types of robots, showing promising performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Human granulocytes generated in continuous bone marrow culture are physiologically normal (1981)

A long-term bone marrow culture system has been derived for maintenance and proliferation of human hemopoietic stem cells and granulocytes in vitro for up to 20 wk. The granulocytes generated in these cultures at 8 wk were comparable to fresh human peripheral blood granulocytes in physiologic properties, including phagocytosis, degranulation, respiratory burst, and bacterial killing: individual granulocytes generated up to 20 wk in several cultures demonstrated normal superoxide-generating capacity by NBT dye reduction slide test. Thus, human granulocytes generated in continuous marrow culture retain many biologic functions associated with bacterocidal capacity in vivo and indicate that this system should be of value in studies of disorders of granulocyte differentiation.
Laser-Capture Microdissection (2003)

The kidney is an anatomically complex organ with exceptional cellular heterogeneity. Our understanding of renal physiology has been advanced by studies of hand-dissected individual tubules (microdissection). Glomeruli or renal tubules are dissected away from surrounding structures, and subjected to microassays for enzymatic activity and receptor function, in vitro micro-perfusion for transport rates, and single-tubule reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (1). Thus, microdissection methods have allowed assay of activity and mRNA and protein expression in single-nephron segments in normal or uninjured kidneys. Renal disease may be global, but more typically involves selective injury to the glomerulus, portions of the nephron, interstitium, or blood vessels. Less is known about renal pathophysiology and the nephron-specific response to injury. For example, how do different portions of the nephron interact during renal injury? Why are some renal diseases focal? How do individual glomeruli react in focal semental glomerulo-sclerosis (FSGS)? Does the interaction tend to propagate or to defend against further injury? Microdissection techniques have not been widely used to study renal injury because microdissection is often limited by tissue necrosis or fibrosis. In addition, the time required for microdissection often exceeds the time-course of rapid and transient changes in a cellular response such as certain metabolic intermediates or early-response genes.
Long-Term Outcomes of Thalidomide in Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2012)

Purpose: Thalidomide is a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) with anti-angiogenic properties. Several open-label and retrospective reports have indicated that thalidomide may be beneficial in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we report long-term outcomes of thalidomide in the treatment of refractory IBD at our center. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective, observational study. Assessment of long-term outcomes included recent follow-up phone calls. All patients treated with thalidomide at Cedars Sinai Medical Center were identified from the manufacturer's registry (Celgene Corp., Warren, NJ). Clinical response was defined as improvement after at least seven days of treatment of one or more of the following: bowel movement frequency, fistula output, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, extraintestinal manifestations, or overall well-being. Clinical remission was defined as: less than three stools per day, no bleeding, abdominal pain or EM, and increased well-being. Results: 41 patients were included (93% CD; 73% male; median age = 46). Patients had refractory disease: 78% had failed one or more biologics; 68% had prior surgery; 54% were steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory. 3 patients (7%) started thalidomide because of a cancer history precluding other treatments. Response and remission rates were 54% and 20%, respectively, at a median follow up of 33 months (range: 3-161). Median duration of response was 5.2 months (range: 0.5-129). Of the patients on steroids concomitantly, 35% were able to stop steroids. Nevertheless, 37% of patients ultimately required surgery. 9 patients (22%) continue to be in remission on long-term thalidomide therapy (median duration=28 months). 26 of 38 evaluable patients (68%) experienced at least one side effect [neuropathy (15), sedation (5), dermatitis (4), SOB (2); one patient with each of the following: dizziness, tremors, HA, nausea, perianal itch, leukopenia (in a patient with pre-existing CLL)]. Side effects resolved spontaneously in 27% (n=7) and resolved with dose reduction in 19% (n=5). Side effects led to discontinuation in 13 patients (50%); these ultimately resolved in 10 patients (77%). One patient was lost to follow-up. Three patients (12%) had persistent neuropathy despite thalidomide discontinuation. None of the patients who opted for thalidomide due to prior history of cancer experienced a recurrence of their cancer. Conclusion: In refractory IBD, thalidomide may provide temporary clinical benefit until new therapeutic options become available and can serve as a maintenance medication in a minority of selected patients. Side effects are common, but generally reversible.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Aluminum Plate Pulsating Heat Pipes (2011)

Heat transfer characteristics of an aluminum plate pulsating heat pipe (PHPs) were investigated experimentally. Sizes, consisting of parallel and square channels as well as different cross-sections and different number of turns were considered. Acetone was used as working fluid. The characterization had been done for various heating mode orientations, cooling conditions, and internal structures via flow visualization and thermal performance tests. The flow visualization showed that the aluminum plate PHPs can maintain the heat transfer characteristics of the liquid and the vapor slug as well as the conventional tubular PHPs. The trend of flow pattern changed from the intermittent oscillation to unidirectional circulation. It was also observed that the PHPs’ thermal performance improved as heating power increased. The gravity greatly influenced the thermal performance of plate PHPs. Increasing the cooling temperature decreased the thermal resistance of the plate PHPs. Increasing the number of turns and the area of channel cross-section improved the heat transport capability of plate PHPs for some specific scenarios. A heat sink with a plate PHP was developed for comparing with the pure metal and conventional heat pipe solutions. The result showed that the plate PHPs solution performed well, and had the potential to replace previous solutions in some cases.
Relationship between the degree of portal hypertension and the onset of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis. (2007)

This study suggests that in patients with SBP the degree of portal hypertension is greater than in the non infected patients. Ascites infection is independently associated with a low serum albumin level and a high HVPG.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DNA-Functionalized, Bivalent Proteins* (2020)

Bivalent DNA conjugates of ß-galactosidase (fiGal), having pairs of oligonucleotides positioned closely on opposing faces of the protein, have been synthesized and characterized. These structures, due to their directional bonding characteristics, allow for the programmable access of one-dimensional protein materials. When conjugates functionalized with complementary oligonucleotides are combined under conditions that support DNA hybridization, periodic wire-type superstructures consisting of aligned proteins form. These structures have been characterized by gel electrophoresis, cryo-transmission electron microscopy, and negative-stain transmission electron microscopy. Significantly, melting experiments of complementary 734building blocks display narrowed and elevated melting transitions compared to the free duplex DNA, further supporting the formation of the designed binding mode, and unambiguously characterizing their association as DNA-mediated. These novel structures illustrate, for the first time, that directional DNA bonding can be realized with only a pair of DNA modifications, which will allow one to engineer directional interactions and realize new classes of superstructures not possible simply through shape control or isotropically functionalized materials.
Lipophilic (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
A Stationary Reference Frame Grid Synchronization System for Three-Phase Grid-Connected Power Converters Under Adverse Grid Conditions (2011)

Grid synchronization algorithms are of great importance in the control of grid-connected power converters, as fast and accurate detection of the grid voltage parameters is crucial in order to implement stable control strategies under generic grid conditions. This paper presents a new grid synchronization method for three-phase three-wire networks, namely dual second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) frequency-locked loop. The method is based on two adaptive filters, implemented by using a SOGI on the stationary αβ reference frame, and it is able to perform an excellent estimation of the instantaneous symmetrical components of the grid voltage under unbalanced and distorted grid conditions. This paper analyzes the performance of the proposed synchronization method including different design issues. Moreover, the behavior of the method for synchronizing with highly unbalanced grid is proven by means of simulation and experimental results, demonstrating its excellent performance.
ACTR-09. TARGETING MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS: PHASE 0/1 TRIAL OF LOW DOSE CAPECITABINE + BEVACIZUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA (2018)

Glioblastoma (GBM) creates an immunosuppressive environment that allows tumor growth. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) mediate immunosuppression in GBMs. MDSCs are up-regulated in the blood of GBM patients. We have developed a novel strategy to target GBM immunosuppression using low dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to target MDSCs. Marked MDSC depletion occurs at 5-FU doses in mice equivalent to <10% of the normal human dosing. Goal: proof of concept that MDSC suppression is feasible in GBM patients with low-dose capecitabine [cap], (oral 5-FU analogue). Eligibility: Recurrent GBM in need of surgical resection; no prior cap or bevacizumab. Cohorts of 3–6 patients receive low-dose cap 150 mg/m2/d (dose level 1) for 7 days pre-surgery. Post-op, patients resume cap for one cycle after which bev is added. Concentrations of blood MDSCs, immune cells, and relevant secreted factors are measured at baseline; pre- and post-op; and after the addition of bev. Tumors are assayed for MDSCs and glioma stem-like cells (GSCs). Primary endpoint: MDSC and T-regulatory cell (T-reg) reduction after cap. Seven patients have enrolled to date. In all patients MDSCs rose initially after resection (max rise 18% over baseline) and subsequently began to fall after cycle 2 (max reduction 6%). T-regs fell slightly (0–12%) in 5 of 7 patients. Cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) concentrations rose significantly (max 93%). CD3+ T-cells fell in 5 of 7 patients (max reduction 52%). Four of 7 (71%) of patients reached PFS6. Median PFS-6 months (2–14 mos). Median overall survival 10 months (5–16). Treatment-related SAEs: grade 3 dyspnea; grade 2 hemorrhage, non-neutropenic fever; and grade 1 hand-foot. Low-dose capecitabine is associated with a modest reduction in MDSCs and T-regs and a significant increase in CTLs. Toxicity has been manageable. Four of 7 evaluable patients have reached 6 months free of progression. Dose escalation continues.
Reflected spectra prediction for chirped fibre Bragg gratings used for disbond detection in composite/composite bonded joints (2007)

In this paper it is shown that a chirped fibre Bragg grating sensor embedded within a composite adherend can be used to monitor disbond initiation and propagation in an adhesively bonded single lapjoint. Characteristic changes in the reflected spectra from the sensor indicate both disbond initiation and the current position of the disbond front to within about 2 mm (a distance which depends on adherend material and sensor position in relation to the adhesive bondline). When the sensor extends the full overlap length, disbond initiation from either end of the overlap can be monitored. The results have been modelled using a combination of finite-element analysis and commercial software for predicting FBG spectra; the predicted spectra are in very good agreement with experiment. The CFBG sensor technique could provide the basis for monitoring a wide range of bonded joints and structures where one adherend is a composite material.
Semantic annotation and retrieval of unedited video based on extraction of 3D camera motion (2008)

In this paper, we propose an approach towards high-level semantic annotation of 3D camera motion information in videos. For video search and retrieval, query by example is a common technique, which proved its capability even for image features. However, complex properties of video clips even in the temporal domain can hardly be described via examples as they often fail to capture the relevant information. Hence, high-level semantic information seems much more appropriate for future video search and retrieval engines fully based on user-friendly interfaces. Well known self-calibration techniques provide robust and reliable information on camera motion, but this rich source of information is not well exploited for high-level semantic video annotation, search and retrieval. The full temporal information along the sequence is evaluated and exploited for the annotation of meaningful high-level semantics such as turn, rotation, fast moving camera, transversal motion and so on. We present a first approach to derive generalmotion properties of the camera motion within video segments and show the potential for further investigations.
Control-Flow Recovery Validation Using Microarchitectural Invariants (2011)

Processors' design complexity increases with transistors' growing density. At the same time, market competence requires a decreasing time-to-market, and therefore, reduced validation time. Such time reduction imposes new challenges to post-Si validation strategies, processes, techniques, tools, and microprocessor hardware features. In this paper we develop a micro architectural technique to speed up the post-Si validation for one of the most complex and difficult to debug control logic pieces in the processor: the control flow recovery mechanisms used by control flow speculation, interrupts and exceptions. Our experiments show that with a small area overhead of 0.14% all post-Si bugs in this complex hardware can be detected in a timely manner, which avoids state pollution and reduces debug time.
Prevalence and Risk Factor Investigation of Campylobacter Species in Retail Ground Beef from Alberta, Canada. (2009)

Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported (notifiable) bacterial enteric disease in Alberta, Canada. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Campylobacter species in retail ground beef based on a survey of 60 stores (four supermarket chains, three cities) in southern Alberta. None of the 1,200 retail lean and regular ground beef packages were culture positive. Direct PCR results from a subset of samples (n = 142) indicated that 46% of packages tested were positive for Campylobacter DNA. By species, 14.8% (21/142), 26.8% (38/142) and 1.4% (2/142) of packages were PCR positive for C. jejuni, C. coli and C. hyointestinalis DNA, respectively. The presence of campylobacters varied depending on the dates of collection. However, type of package (regular or lean), whether the store cut/packaged poultry in the meat department, type of meat used as the beef source (market trim, coarse grind tubes or a combination of these), whether meat portions were previously frozen, and package weight were not associated with the odds of finding Campylobacter spp. DNA by use of PCR. The high levels of Campylobacter DNA in the beef suggest that breaks in food safety protocols within slaughter plants, processors or grocery stores could have potentially important public health repercussions.
Approximation Algorithms for the Minimum Number of Matches Problem in Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis (2004)

Although the use of heuristics has been prevalent in the process synthesis literature, their justification has been exclusively based on empirical evidence obtained through computational testing. As a result, heuristics currently in use offer no guarantee of optimality. Optimization algorithms, on the other hand, offer rigor but suffer from the combinatorial explosion of computational requirements necessary to produce an optimal solution. Recognizing this gap between heuristic and optimization approaches in process synthesis, we propose the use of analytical techniques in the development and assessment of heuristics. The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce the analysis of algorithm performance into the field of process synthesis and develop the first approximation algorithms for process synthesis. Approximation algorithms are heuristics with guaranteed performance. In the context of the classical matches problem in heat exchanger network synthesis, we develop approximation algorithms based on primal rounding, dual rounding, Lagrangean relaxation rounding, primal−dual approximation, and greedy approximation. We provide an analytical characterization of the worst-case behavior of these as well as any heuristic that may be devised for the matches problem. In computational experiments with a test set of 29 problems from the literature, we find that the developed suite of algorithms performs much better than its theoretical worst-case bound and provides solutions that average within 25% of optimality. On the other hand, five of these test problems are beyond the capabilities of current state-of-the-art optimization software. Finally, we pose a number of interesting research challenges in this area.
The tumour necrosis factor-alpha-308 promoter polymorphism is associated with increased insulin sensitivity in Caucasian Australian females. (1999)

The tumour necrosis factor-alpha-308 promoter polymorphism is associated with increased insulin sensitivity in Caucasian Australian females.