gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cu lateral interconnects formed between 100-&#x00B5;m-thick self-assembled chips on flexible substrates (2009)

A very new interconnection method, namely Cu lateral interconnection is proposed and tested for the heterogeneous multi-chip module integration in which MEMS and LSI chips are self assembled onto the flexible substrate. Here, the lateral interconnects runs between a few hundred microns thick chip and the Si or flexible substrates as well as at inter chip level. These Cu lateral interconnects were fabricated via conventional electroplating technique. As formed single as well as daisy chain lateral interconnects (both are crossing over the thick test chips that are face-up bonded onto the flexible substrates by self-assembly) were characterized for their electrical characteristics. We have obtained a low resistance values for the Cu lateral interconnects which are close to the calculated values. Further, a module contains RF test chips that are interconnected by this unique Cu lateral interconnections has been tested for the operation.
Experimental Observation of Simultaneously Existing Moving and Standing Patterns in a Gas‐Discharge System (1992)

Abstract In a quasi 1‐dimensional lateral gas‐discharge system we observe experimentally sub‐ and supercritical bifurcations from a spatially homogeneous to an inhomogeneous distribution of the current density. Among other results we find for the first time the simultaneous existence of a nontrivial nonstationary pattern (travelling waves) with a nontrivial stationary pattern (periodic filaments) in a laterally extended dc‐driven gas‐discharge system.
Better but Worse, the Challenging Promise of 4G Smartphones (2013)

In this work is presented a discussion on the challenges in 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) smartphone antennas' design, also providing measurement results of the most representative devices. Both Total Radiated Power (TRP) and Total Isotropic Sensitivity (TIS) are measured for different frequency bands, showing that the newest phones tend to underperform when compared with less recent devices. The implications of these results are discussed and possible countermeasures are suggested.
Effects of charge compensation by Na+ co-doping for Ce3+ doped LiCaAlF6 single crystals (2010)

We have investigated physical properties of Na <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> co-doped LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> [Na, Ce:LiCAF] single crystals grown by micro-pulling-down method. In their X-ray diffraction measurements, grown crystals except for Ce 2%, Na 2%:LiCAF indicated a second phase of CeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . Lattice parameters of LiCAF phase systematically increased with an increase of Na and Ce concentrations. Transmittance of Na co-doped Ce:LiCAF crystals was lower than Ce:LiCAF crystal due to the inclusion of CeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> in the crystals and emission peaks originated from 5d-4f transition of Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion around 285 and 310 nm were observed in all crystals. The light yield became smaller with an increase of Na concentration.
Electrical and Photonic Functions Originating from Low‐Dimensional Structures in Wide‐Gap Semiconductors LnCuOCh (Ln: Lanthanide, Ch: Chalcogen): A Review (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ultrafine Pitch 3D Stacked Integrated Circuits: Technology, Design Enablement, and Application (2019)

Today through-silicon via (TSV) is a mature process technology option for manufacturing of 3D stacked integrated circuits (3D-SIC). This chapter shows the results of the system-level/process technology co-design analysis. It presents a design flow for carrying out exploration of 2D and 3D-SIC implementations. The chapter considers multiple variations of a complex mobile MPSoC platform instantiated for real-life streaming wireless applications. It focuses on Cu-Cu bonding-based face-to-face (F2F) stacking in the case of 3D-SIC implementations because it carries out fine-grained memory-on-logic 3D partitioning, resulting in 2-layer 3D-SIC implementations with very large number of inter-die connections. It uses the following three factors to broadly classify different technology options: (i) integration granularity, (ii) stacking orientation, and (iii) TSV formation. The chapter presents a a case study where it explores 2D and 3D-SIC implementations for mobile MPSoC platform targeted at wireless baseband processing. It also considers ultrafine pitch 3D interconnections using Cu-Cu pad bonding and F2F stacking.
Gummi (2004)

Gummi is an interaction technique and device concept based on physical deformation of a handheld device. The device consists of several layers of flexible electronic components, including sensors measuring deformation of the device. Users interact with this device by a combination of bending and 2D position control. Gummi explores physical interaction techniques and screen interfaces for such a device. Its graphical user interface facilitates a wide range of interaction tasks, focused on browsing of visual information. We implemented both hardware and software prototypes to explore and evaluate the proposed interaction techniques.Our evaluations have shown that users can grasp Gummi's key interaction principles within minutes. Gummi demonstrates promising possibilities for new interaction techniques and devices based on flexible electronic components.
GaN nanocolumn arrays with diameter <30 nm prepared by two‐step selective area growth (2015)

A new method of two‐step selective area growth (SAG) by RF‐plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy is developed, enabling the growth of uniform arrays of thin GaN nanocolumns (NCs) with diameters &lt;50 nm. In the SAG, the migration‐enhanced epitaxy mode with an alternating supply of Ga and active nitrogen was employed during the initial growth of NCs on small‐nanohole‐patterned substrates to complete the crystal nucleation in the nanoholes. Once the nucleation occurred, the growth mode to the simultaneous supply of Ga and nitrogen is immediately switched. In the second step, the growth temperature is increased and the nitrogen flow rate to suppress the lateral growth rate is decreased. A high‐density uniform array of very thin NCs in a triangular lattice with a diameter of 26 nm and a lattice constant of 60 nm is demonstrated; the NC density is 3.2 × 10 10 cm −2 .
Risk Factors for Pouchitis after Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis or Indeterminate Colitis: A Population-Based Study (2007)

Purpose: Pouchitis is the most common form of pouch dysfunction following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). We describe a population based study of age at diagnosis, gender, PSC, and operative technique as risk factors for the development of pouchitis after IPAA. Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project, a medical records linkage system providing data on all health care for the population of Olmsted County was used to identify all county residents with a diagnosis of UC or IC from 1940–2005 who had an IPAA. Medical records were reviewed to characterize clinical course following IPAA. The cumulative probability of developing pouchitis was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method. Gender, age at diagnosis < 30 years, PSC, and presence of a rectal cuff were assessed for association with risk of pouchitis using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Forty-five pts were identified, all of whom had a J-shape IPAA. Six pts (13%) had their diagnosis changed to Crohn's disease (CD). Of the remaining 39 patients without CD, the median age at diagnosis of UC was 30 years. Twenty-five patients were male. Seven had PSC; 19 had a stapled anastomosis with a rectal cuff. The cumulative probability of pouchitis at 1, 5 and 10 yrs was 27%, 58% and 68%, respectively. In a multiple variable Cox model, male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 4.1, 95% CI 1.5–11.0), age at diagnosis <30 yrs (HR 3.9, 95% CI 1.5–10.0) and PSC (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.6) were independently associated with the risk of pouchitis. The presence of a rectal cuff was not a significant risk factor. No significant two way interactions were detected. Conclusion: A diagnosis of PSC, male gender and age at UC diagnosis less than 30 years were independent risk factors for the development of pouchitis after J-IPAA for UC in this population-based cohort. Previous studies have found PSC to be a risk factor for pouchitis. Young age at UC diagnosis and male gender are novel findings that could help to predict the clinical course of a patient after J-IPAA for UC.
Gradient Ordinal Signature and Fixed-Point Embedding for Efficient Near-Duplicate Video Detection (2011)

In order to meet the requirement of large scale real-time near-duplicate video detection, this paper has achieved two goals. First, this paper proposes a more compact local image descriptor which is termed as gradient ordinal signature (GOS). GOS not only has the advantages of low dimension, simplicity in computation, and high discrimination but also is invariant to mirror reflection, rotation, and scale changes. Second, applying the characteristics of the proposed GOS and combining with the embedding theory of metric spaces, this paper proposes an efficient similarity search method based on the fixed-point embedding (FE). A main advantage of FE is that its parameters have good controllability, and its performance is stable and not sensitive to dataset changes. On the whole, the goal of our approach focuses on the speed rather than the accuracy of near-duplicate video detection. We have evaluated our method on four different settings to verify the two goals. Specifically, the tests include image and video datasets, respectively, to evaluate the performance of GOS. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, and lower memory usage of GOS. Furthermore, the third test compares FE with locality sensitivity hashing. FE also shows a speed improvement of about ten times and saves more than 60% in memory usage. The fourth test demonstrates that the combination of GOS and FE for near-duplicate video detection can achieve better overall efficiency than the state-of-the-art methods.
Growth rates of common tree species in Westminster, Colorado (2007)

This study updates a previous project and publication from 2000 in which tree-growth rates were analyzed on public property in Westminster, Colo. Eight years of diameter growth data were collected in 2000 and updated in early 2008 to obtain 16 years of growth data on the same trees. Growth rates for trees typically are classified based on individual observation or experience. This study, based on trees originally inventoried in late 1992 and early 1993, attempts to measure tree diameter growth rates to more accurately reflect what can be expected of trees growing in this area.
Roving on Phobos: Challenges of the MMX Rover for Space Robotics (2019)

This paper presents a small rover for exploration mission dedicated to the moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos. This project is a collaboration between JAXA for the mother spacecraft, and a cooperative contribution of CNES and DLR to provide a rover payload. This rover will be different in many aspects compared to the existing ones. It will have to drive in a very low gravity with only little power given by the solar arrays. It will also need autonomy in order to achieve a consequent distance during a short mission of 100 days. Apart of the technology demonstration driven mission aspects, the first objective after landing for the rover is to secure the mother spacecraft landing through a characterization of the soil (regolith). Hence, in the nominal rover definition, several payloads are foreseen in order to contribute to the mission of the main spacecraft: to determine the origin of Martian moons.
Force meets chemistry: Analysis of mechanochemical conversion in focal adhesions using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (2006)

Mechanotransduction--the process by which mechanical forces are converted into changes of intracellular biochemistry--is critical for normal cell and tissue function. Integrins facilitate mechanochemical conversion by transferring physical forces from the extracellular matrix, across the cell surface, and to cytoskeletal-associated proteins within focal adhesions. It is likely that force alters biochemistry at these sites by altering molecular binding affinities of a subset of focal adhesion proteins, but this has been difficult to quantify within living cells. Here, we describe how the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) technique can be adapted and used in conjunction with mathematical models to directly measure force-dependent alterations in molecular binding and unbinding rate constants of individual focal adhesion proteins in situ. We review these recent findings, and discuss the strengths and limitations of this approach for analysis of mechanochemical signaling in focal adhesions and other cellular structures. The ability to quantify molecular binding rate constants in the physical context of the living cytoplasm should provide new insight into the molecular basis of cellular mechanotransduction. It also may facilitate future efforts to bridge biological experimentation and mathematical modeling in our quest for a systems biology level description of cell regulation.
A simple yet accurate analytical method for reducing CMOS gates to equivalent inverters (2003)

This paper presents a novel fully-analytical approach to reduce a CMOS NAND gate to an equivalent inverter, based on the modified n-th power law MOSFET model. The series-connected transistors in the NAND gate are converted to an equivalent transistor in a two step process. The proposed model is useful for design automation of complex gates used in VLSI circuits. To show the validity of the technique, the calculated output waveform of the equivalent inverter is compared with that of the NAND gate using HSPICE simulations (level 49).
Material Analysis for a Fire Assessment. (2014)

This report consolidates technical information on several materials and material classes for a fire assessment. The materials include three polymeric materials, wood, and hydraulic oil. The polymers are polystyrene, polyurethane, and melamine- formaldehyde foams. Samples of two of the specific materials were tested for their behavior in a fire - like environment. Test data and the methods used to test the materials are presented. Much of the remaining data are taken from a literature survey. This report serves as a reference source of properties necessary to predict the behavior of these materials in a fire.
Multiepitope tissue analysis reveals SPPL3-mediated ADAM10 activation as a key step in the transformation of melanocytes (2017)

The evolution of cancer is characterized by the appearance of specific mutations, but these mutations are translated into proteins that must cooperate to induce malignant transformation. Using a systemic approach with the multiepitope ligand cartography (MELC) technology, we analyzed protein expression profiles (PEPs) in nevi and BRAF<sup>V600E</sup>-positive superficial spreading melanomas (SSMs) from patient tissues to identify key transformation events. The PEPs in nevi and SSMs differed predominantly in the abundance of specific antigens, but the PEPs of nevi- and melanoma-associated keratinocytes gradually changed during the transformation process. A stepwise change in PEP with similar properties occurred in keratinocytes cocultured with melanoma cells. Analysis of the individual steps indicated that activation of the metalloproteinase ADAM10 by signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) triggered by mutant BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> was a critical transformation event. SPPL3-mediated ADAM10 activation involved the translocation of SPPL3 and ADAM10 into Rab4- or Rab27-positive endosomal compartments. This endosomal translocation, and hence ADAM10 activation, was inhibited by the presence of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Our findings suggest that systematic tissue antigen analysis could complement whole-genome approaches to provide more insight into cancer development.
Directed evolution of stabilized IgG1-Fc scaffolds by application of strong heat shock to libraries displayed on yeast (2012)

We have constructed IgG1-Fc scaffolds with increased thermal stability by directed evolution and yeast surface display. As a basis a new selection strategy that allowed the application of yeast surface display for screening of stabilizing mutations in proteins of already high intrinsic thermal stability and T(m)-values up to 85°C was developed. Besides library construction by error prone PCR, strong heat stress at 79°C for 10min and screening for well-folded proteins by FACS, sorting rounds had to include an efficient plasmid DNA isolation step for amplification and further transfection. We describe the successful application of this experimental setup for selection of 17 single, double and triple IgG1-Fc variants of increased thermal stability after four selection rounds. The recombinantly produced homodimeric proteins showed a wild-type-like elution profile in size exclusion chromatography as well as content of secondary structures. Moreover, the kinetics of binding of FcRn, CD16a and Protein A to the engineered Fc-molecules was very similar to the wild-type protein. These data clearly demonstrate the importance and efficacy of the presented strategy for selection of stabilizing mutations in proteins of high intrinsic stability within reasonable time.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of the Phytonutrient-Rich Decoction of Cichorium spinosum and C. intybus (2016)

The Cretan diet, as the basis of the Mediterranean diet, has provided traditional remedies for the general well being of people through the long-established consumption of cooked wild greens and vegetables. The intake of the water decoctions of Cichorium spinosum and Cichorium intybus in the context of the daily dietary regime in Greece has been long associated with "liver detoxifying" properties. In the current study, we performed an in-depth investigation of the water decoctions traditionally prepared from C. spinosum and C. intybus through qualitative UHPLC-HRMS profiling and direct quantification of cichoric and caftaric acid as major antioxidant components of the decoction. In addition, we developed a one-step countercurrent chromatography method for the isolation of the two phenolic acids, along with a sulfoconjugate sesquiterpene lactone present only in the Cretan C. spinosum. All water decoctions were found not to be cytotoxic in human fibroblasts, whereas they all significantly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species, which is consistent with the major presence of strong antioxidant compounds such as cichoric acid. This work demonstrates that the intake of these decoctions in doses suggested by Greek traditional use is comparable to the ingestion of a phytomedical preparation of antioxidants. These results contribute to our current knowledge on the beneficial health effect of the Cretan diet.
Development of a design curve for particle impact dampers (2004)

Particle impact dampers (PIDs) are enclosures partially filled with particles of various sizes and materials. When attached to a vibrating structure, they dissipate energy through inelastic collisions between the particle bed and the enclosure wall, as well as between particles. In this work, the development of a design curve that can be used to predict the damping characteristics of particle impact dampers is presented. A power measurement technique enabled the time-efficient measurement of the damping properties of the PID. This technique enjoys several advantages over traditional loss factor measurements, including the flexibility to analyze the behavior of the PID at any frequency or excitation amplitude, and the ability to estimate the damping contribution for any structure operating such that the PID experiences similar conditions. Using this power measurement technique, a large number of experiments were conducted to determine the effects of vibration amplitude, excitation frequency, gap size, particle size, and particle mass on the dissipated power and effective mass of the PID. The power data were then systematically collapsed into a pair of two-dimensional master design curves with unitless axes which are comprised of combinations of design parameters. A “damping efficiency” of the PID may be predicted from the design curves for specific applications. A physical interpretation of the design curves is given, and the performance of a PID on a structure is used to verify their predictive capabilities.
Automatic locking of a semiconductor laser at λ≅633 nm on linear absorption iodine transitions (2002)

A 633 nm laser diode was frequency tuned by its injection current and was automatically locked on specific linear absorption lines of iodine by using a digital line identification system. The setup provides a low cost optical frequency reference that is precise enough to replace He-Ne references in many metrological applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel cAMP PDE III Inhibitors: Imidazo(4,5‐b)pyridin‐2(3H)‐ones and Thiazolo(4,5‐b)pyridin‐2(3H)‐ones and Their Analogues. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of a polymer film optical fiber hydrophone for use in the range 1 to 20 MHz: A comparison with PVDF needle and membrane hydrophones (2000)

A small aperture wideband ultrasonic optical fiber hydrophone is described. The transduction mechanism is based on the detection of acoustically induced changes in the optical thickness of a 25-/spl mu/m thick parylene polymer film acting as a low finesse Fabry Perot (FP) interferometer that is deposited directly onto the end of a single mode optical fiber. The acoustic performance compares favorably with that of PVDF needle and membrane hydrophones with a peak noise-equivalent-pressure (without signal averaging) of 10 kPa over a 25-MHz measurement bandwidth, a wideband response to 20 MHz, and a near omnidirectional performance at 10 MHz. The dynamic range was 60 dB with an upper limit of linear detection of 11 MPa and a temporal stability of <5% over a period of 20 h. The hydrophone can also measure temperature changes with a resolution of 0.065/spl deg/C, offering the prospect of making simultaneous acoustic pressure and temperature measurements. The transduction parameters of the FP sensing element were measured, yielding an ultrasonic acoustic phase sensitivity of 0.075 rad/MPa and a temperature phase sensitivity of 0.077 rad//spl deg/C. The ability to achieve high acoustic sensitivity with small element sizes and to repeatably fabricate rugged sensor downleads using polymer deposition techniques suggests that this type of hydrophone can provide a practical alternative to piezoelectric hydrophone technology.
Indoor User Zoning And Tracking In Passive Infrared Sensing Systems (2012)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 2012