gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hardware Validation of the Advanced Plant Habitat on ISS: Canopy Photosynthesis in Reduced Gravity (2020)

The Advanced Plant Habitat (APH) is the largest research plant growth facility deployed on the International Space Station (ISS). APH is a fully enclosed, closed-loop plant life support system with an environmentally controlled growth chamber designed for conducting both fundamental and applied plant research during experiments extending as long as 135 days. APH was delivered to the ISS in parts aboard two commercial resupply missions: OA-7 in April 2017 and SpaceX-11 in June 2017, and was assembled and installed in the Japanese Experiment Module Kibo in November 2018. We report here on a 7-week-long hardware validation test that utilized a root module planted with both <i>Arabidopsis</i> (cv. Col 0) and wheat (cv. Apogee) plants. The validation test examined the APH's ability to control light intensity, spectral quality, humidity, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, photoperiod, temperature, and root zone moisture using commanding from ground facilities at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The test also demonstrated the execution of programmed experiment profiles that scheduled: (1) changes in environmental combinations (e.g., a daily photoperiod at constant relative humidity), (2) predetermined photographic events using the three APH cameras [overhead, sideview, and sideview near-infrared (NIR)], and (3) execution of experimental sequences during the life cycle of a crop (e.g., measure photosynthetic CO<sub>2</sub> drawdown experiments). <i>Arabidopsis</i> and wheat were grown in microgravity to demonstrate crew procedures, planting protocols and watering schemes within APH. The ability of APH to contain plant debris was assessed during the harvest of mature <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants. Wheat provided a large evaporative load that tested root zone moisture control and the recovery of transpired water by condensation. The wheat canopy was also used to validate the ability of APH to measure gas exchange of plants from non-invasive gas exchange measurements (i.e., canopy photosynthesis and respiration). These features were evaluated by executing experiment profiles that utilized the CO<sub>2</sub> drawdown technique to measure daily rates of canopy photosynthesis and dark-period CO<sub>2</sub> increase for respiration. This hardware validation test confirmed that APH can measure fundamental plant responses to spaceflight conditions.
Instability of a one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet under magnetic anisotropy (1998)

It is shown by using the exact quantum-mechanical solution that a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain is unstable to the emergence of an easy-plane magnetic anisotropy in a real three-dimensional crystal. It is shown that the magnetic anisotropy is due to a Jahn–Teller type effect, i.e., a strong spin–lattice coupling. A change in the equilibrium position of ligands induces magnetic anisotropy in the spin chain.
A pseudo-Bertrand distribution for time-scale analysis (1996)

Using the pseudo-Wigner time-frequency distribution as a guide, we derive two new time-scale representations: the pseudo-Bertrand and the smoothed pseudo-Bertrand distributions. Unlike the Bertrand distribution, these representations support efficient online operation at the same computational cost as the continuous wavelet transform. Moreover, they take advantage of the affine smoothing inherent in the sliding structure of their implementation to suppress cumbersome interference components.
The ALBION Project: An Observatory in the Heart of a Carbonate Reservoir (2017)

Abstract The ALBION project applies a new and disruptive methodology of reservoir characterisation to the carbonate Urgonian Formation (South-East France) considered as the very best analogue of Mid Cretaceous reservoirs from Middle East. Thanks to numerous field sections and outcrops descriptions, to tens of wells drilled in the reservoir, to kilometres of cores, to monitoring of groundwater dynamics such as decades of hydraulic observations at pretty much the only natural outlet of a major groundwater reservoir (Fontaine-de-Vaucluse spring) and to a unique underground laboratory (LSBB, about four kilometers in the heart of the reservoir), a multi-scale model is being built for reservoir purpose. Different observation sites with wells whose spacing ranges from 2 to 20 meters contribute to the assessment of together the matrix, the fractures and the karst flow behaviours. Through the building of an observatory in the heart of a reservoir, the ALBION project is delivering advanced concepts and methodologies to apply to industrial projects in Middle East carbonate fields.
Corrigendum: Sulforaphane promotes dendritic cell stimulatory capacity through modulation of regulatory molecules, JAK/STAT3- and microRNA-signaling (2022)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589818.].
Using three-class BANN classifier in the automated analysis of breast cancer lesions in DCE-MRI (2009)

The purpose of this study is to investigate three-class Bayesian artificial neural networks (BANN) in dynamic contrastenhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) CAD in distinguishing different types of breast lesions including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and benign. The database contains 72 DCIS lesions, 124 IDC lesions, and 131 benign breast lesions (no cysts). Breast MR images were obtained with a clinical DCE-MRI scanning protocol. In 3D, we automatically segmented each lesion and calculated its characteristic kinetic curve using the fuzzy c-means method. Morphological and kinetic features were automatically extracted, and stepwise linear discriminant analysis was utilized for feature selection in four subcategories: DCIS vs. IDC, DCIS vs. benign, IDC vs. benign, and malignant (DCIS + IDC) vs. benign. Classification was automatically performed with the selected features for each subcategory using round-robin-by-lesion two-class BANN and three-class BANN. The performances of the classifiers were assessed with two-class ROC analysis. We failed to show any statistically significant differences between the two-class BANN and three-class BANN for all four classification tasks, demonstrating that the three-class BANN performed similarly to the two-class BANN. A three-class BANN is expected to be more desirable in the clinical arena for both diagnosis and patient management.
<title>Laser-induced ignition characteristics of methane- and hydrogen-air mixtures at high pressures</title> (2004)

A Nd:YAG laser was employed to ignite methane- and hydrogen-air mixtures to investigate relevant parameters of laser ignition. The lean side ignition limit of methane was found to be at air/fuel-equivalence ratios (&#955;) of 2.4 applying a laser pulse energy of 50 mJ. It has to be mentioned, however, that above &#955; = 2.2 only slowest combustions causing weak pressure rises could be observed. Successful ignitions of hydrogen-air mixtures were achieved up to &#955; = 8 but it was not possible to examine the lean side limit due to weakest pressure rises far below detection limits for &#955; >8. Despite much lower values of minimum ignition energy for reported hydrogen-air mixtures in the literature, the minimum laser pulse energies examined for ignition are of the same magnitude as for ignition of rich methane-air mixtures lying around 5 mJ. Minimum pulse energy needed for ignition was decreasing with increasing pressure for hydrogen-air mixtures showing the same trend as in case of methane. The ignition delay time for hydrogen at &#955; = 2.0 could be observed as ~7 ms being 40 times shorter compared to methane at the same air/fuel ratio. Unfavorable transmission losses of laser energy were observed for methane/air mixtures below &#955; = 2.1 demanding optimized focusing optics and temporal pulse shaping for future laser ignition systems.
Treatment of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B who have Failed Previous Antiviral Treatment with Pegylated Interferon α2a (40 kDa; PEGASYS®) (2008)

Background Although nucleot(s)ide analogues can effectively suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, many patients experience relapse of hepatitis after cessation of treatment. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of pegylated interferon α2a (PEG-IFN-α2a) in these difficult-to-treat patients. Methods Chronic hepatitis B patients who have received antiviral drugs for ≥12 months and stopped for ≥6 months were treated by 48-week PEG-IFN-α2a. Virological response was defined as HBV DNA &lt;10,000 copies/ml and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion (for HBeAg-positive patients). Results A total of 40 patients, 29 HBeAg-positive and 11 HBeAg-negative, with median log 10 HBV DNA 7.3 copies/ml and alanine aminotransferase 110 IU/ml were studied. The last antiviral treatment was given for 92 +61 weeks and stopped for 176 +88 weeks. At the end of treatment, 22 (12 HBeAg-positive and 10 HBeAg-negative; 55%) patients had virological response and 16 (7 HBeAg-positive and 9 HBeAg-negative; 40%) patients had undetectable HBV DNA (&lt;100 copies/ml). At 24 weeks post-treatment, 14 (8 HBeAg-positive and 6 HBeAg-negative; 35%) patients had virological response and 9 (5 HBeAg-positive and 4 HBeAg-negative; 23%) patients had undetectable HBV DNA. Two (5%) patients had lost hepatitis B surface antigen. HBV DNA levels at week 24 best predicted sustained virological response (area under curve 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.60–0.92, P=0.007). At HBV DNA cutoffs of 3 logs and 5 logs at week 24, the sensitivity/specificity for sustained virological response were 50%/85% and 86%/62%, respectively. Conclusions PEG-IFN-α2a was effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients who have failed previous antiviral treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: Birch Reduction and Reductive Alkylation of Benzonitriles and Benzamides. (1987)

Abstract Birch reduction of the benzonitriles (I), followed by alkylation with (II) and work‐up with aqueous ammonium chloride yield the cyclohexadienes (III).
Poisoning studies on chromium/silica. 2. Carbon monoxide (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoisoning studies on chromium/silica. 2. Carbon monoxideM. P. McDaniel and S. J. MartinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 8, 3289–3293Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100161a059https://doi.org/10.1021/j100161a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes (1989)

(+)-Pinene cyclase from sage (Salvia officinalis) catalyzes the isomerization and cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-camphene, and to lesser amounts of (+)-limonene, myrcene, and terpinolene, whereas (-)-pinene cyclase from this tissue catalyzes the conversion of the acyclic precursor to (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene, and (-)-camphene, and to lesser quantities of (-)-limonene, myrcene, and terpinolene. The bicyclic products of these enzymes (pinene and camphene) are derived via the cyclization of the cisoid, anti-endo-conformers of the bound, tertiary allylic intermediates (3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate [+)-pinene cyclase) and (3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate [-)-pinene cyclase). When challenged with either enantiomer of linalyl pyrophosphate or with neryl pyrophosphate (cis-isomer of geranyl pyrophosphate) as substrate, both pinene cyclases synthesize disproportionately high levels of acyclic olefins (myrcene and ocimene) and monocyclic olefins (limonene and terpinolene), compared with the product mixtures generated from the natural geranyl precursor. Resolution of the limonene derived from linalyl pyrophosphate and neryl pyrophosphate demonstrated that this monocyclic olefin was formed via conformational foldings in addition to the cisoid,anti-endo-pattern. These results indicate that the alternate substrates are ionized by the cyclases prior to their achieving the optimum orientation for bicyclization. In the case of geranyl pyrophosphate, a preassociation mechanism is suggested in which optimum folding of the terpenyl chain precedes the initial ionization step.
Numerical analysis of thermally actuated magnets for magnetization of superconductors (2010)

Superconductors, such as YBCO bulks, have extremely high potential magnetic flux densities, comparing to rare earth magnets. Therefore, the magnetization of superconductors has attracted broad attention and contribution from both academic research and industry. In this paper, a novel technique is proposed to magnetize superconductors. Unusually, instead of using high magnetic fields and pulses, repeatedly magnetic waves with strength of as low as rare earth magnets are applied. These magnetic waves, generated by thermally controlling a Gadolinium (Gd) bulk with a rare earth magnet underneath, travel over the flat surface of a YBCO bulk and get trapped little by little. Thus, a very small magnetic field can be used to build up a very large magnetic field. In this paper, the modelling results of thermally actuated magnetic waves are presented showing how to transfer sequentially applied thermal pulses into magnetic waves. The experiment results of the magnetization of YBCO bulk are also presented to demonstrate how superconductors are progressively magnetized by small magnetic field
FIBER-REINFORCED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITE (2000)

An analytical model has been formulated for the drying shrinkage performance of a fiber-reinforced cementitious composite. The model is based on the assumption that shear stress is produced between the fiber and surrounding matrix as the matrix shrinks. This shear stress in turn influences the matrix deformation behavior resulting in macroscopic composite shrinkage lower than that of a pure cement-based matrix. Through systematic derivation, a free shrinkage expression, which reflects the influences of the matrix and fiber properties as well as fiber orientation characteristics, is presented. A parametric study, including the influence of elastic moduli of the fiber and matrix, fiber dimension, and fiber content in the case of 3D fiber distribution, is carried out. The model results indicate that shrinkage of a fiber-reinforced cement-based composite is significantly influenced by elastic moduli of fiber and matrix as well as fiber length and thickness (i.e., diameter for fiber with a circular cross section). Model predictions based on independent parametric inputs compare favorably with experimental measurements of free shrinkage of fiber-reinforced mortar and concrete.
Erratum to: Lassa hemorrhagic fever in a late term pregnancy from northern Sierra Leone with a positive maternal outcome: case report (2011)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Efficacy of a Peruvian Botanical Remedy (Sabell A4+) for Treating Liver Disease and Protecting Gastric Mucosal Integrity (2019)

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a Peruvian botanical formulation for treating disorders of hepatic function and gastric mucosal integrity. The formulation A4+ (Sabell Corporation) contains extracts of <i>Curcuma longa</i> rhizome, <i>Cordia lutea</i> flower, and <i>Annona muricata</i> leaf. Individually these plants have been used as traditional remedies for liver disease. We report the efficacy of A4+ and its components using a variety of in vitro and in vivo disease models. The methods used included tests for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activity as well as mouse models of liver disease, including Concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated hepatitis and a bile duct ligation model for evaluating sickness behaviour associated with liver disease. Rat models were used to evaluate the gastric mucosal protective property of A4+ following indomethacin challenge and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory action in an "air pouch" model. In all tests, A4+ proved to be more effective than placebo. A4+ was antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and diminished Hepatitis C virus replication in vitro. In animal models, A4+ was shown to protect the liver from immune-mediated hepatitis, improve behavioural function in animals with late stage liver disease, and protect the rat gastric mucosa from ulceration following NSAID exposure. We conclude that A4+ ameliorated many aspects of liver injury, inhibited hepatitis C virus replication, and protected the gastric mucosa from NSAIDs. These varied beneficial properties appear to result from positive interactions between the three constituent herbs.
Rapamycin and Less Immunosuppressive Analogs Are Toxic to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans via FKBP12-Dependent Inhibition of TOR (2001)

Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans cause both superficial and disseminated infections in humans. Current antifungal therapies for deep-seated infections are limited to amphotericin B, flucytosine, and azoles. A limitation is that commonly used azoles are fungistatic in vitro and in vivo. Our studies address the mechanisms of antifungal activity of the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin (sirolimus) and its analogs with decreased immunosuppressive activity. C. albicans rbp1/rbp1 mutant strains lacking a homolog of the FK506-rapamycin target protein FKBP12 were found to be viable and resistant to rapamycin and its analogs. Rapamycin and analogs promoted FKBP12 binding to the wild-type Tor1 kinase but not to a rapamycin-resistant Tor1 mutant kinase (S1972R). FKBP12 and TOR mutations conferred resistance to rapamycin and its analogs in C. albicans, C. neoformans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our findings demonstrate the antifungal activity of rapamycin and rapamycin analogs is mediated via conserved complexes with FKBP12 and Tor kinase homologs in divergent yeasts. Taken together with our observations that rapamycin and its analogs are fungicidal and that spontaneous drug resistance occurs at a low rate, these mechanistic findings support continued investigation of rapamycin analogs as novel antifungal agents.
Application of Block‐Copolymer Supramolecular Assembly for the Fabrication of Complex TiO2 Nanostructures (2008)

Porous micellar TiO2 nanostructures are prepared from self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers with oligomeric titanium precursor (see image). This study also shows a strategy to expand the scope of possible TiO2-nanostructure morphologies thorugh control of the stereochemistry of block copolymers or selectivity of solvent. This simple scheme for nanoporous TiO2 can bring new applications with improved performance from in areas such as energy and the environment. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Associated with Adenocarcinoma (2007)

Patients with LCNEC of the cervix have had poor prognoses; hence aggressive multimodality treatment is recommended.
A route to optically pure (-)-huperzine A; molecular modeling and in vitro pharmacology (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA route to optically pure (-)-huperzine A; molecular modeling and in vitro pharmacologyFumio Yamada, Alan P. Kozikowski, E. R. Reddy, Yuan Ping Pang, Jacqueline H. Miller, and Michael McKinneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 12, 4695–4696Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00012a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views753Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Molecular Genetics of H ermansky– P udlak Syndrome (2017)

Abstract Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive, genetically heterogeneous disorder characterised by oculocutaneous albinism and a bleeding diathesis. Subtype‐specific features such as neutropenic immunodeficiency and fatal lung fibrosis also occur. To date, 10 human HPS subtypes (HPS‐1 to HPS‐10) and their associated genes have been identified. All of the HPS protein products are involved in the biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles (LROs) in specialised cells, including melanosomes in melanocytes and delta granules in platelets. The HPS proteins are all components of one of the three biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles complexes (BLOC‐1, BLOC‐2 or BLOC‐3) or the adaptor protein complex‐3. These complexes are essential for the correct formation of LROs, which are produced by the complex interaction of proteins, membranes and vesicles from the endocytic and biosynthetic pathways. Cells from patients with LRO disorders serve as useful tools for elucidating the complex pathways involved in the biogenesis of these organelles. Key Concepts HPS is caused by mutations in 10 known genes and is characterised by oculocutaneous albinism and a bleeding tendency. The proteins that are encoded by the HPS genes are all required for the correct formation of lysosome‐related organelles (LROs). LROs share features with lysosomes but have distinct morphology, composition and/or functions. LROs are maintained by the regulated flow of proteins, membranes and vesicles among the complex endosomal machinery. Novel players of LRO biogenesis are revealed by human disease and animal mutations, which continue to provide invaluable resources for elucidating the complex pathways involved in the biogenesis of these organelles.