gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P3.39: Risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serostatus in donor and recipient in intestinal and multivisceral transplant (2019)

Introduction: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is one of the most serious complications that can develop after a transplant and rates are reported to be highest in intestinal and multivisceral transplants. This study looks at the risk of developing PTLD with different Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serostatus in donor and recipient. Methods: This is a retrospective observation study of case notes. Key data collected includes EBV status in the donor and recipient prior to transplant, time to development of PTLD, histology specimen reports and mortality outcomes. Results: The intestinal and multivisceral transplant service at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK transplanted 80 patients from 2000–2018. There were 12 cases which developed PTLD giving a rate of developing PTLD of 15% in our cohort and mortality of 16.7%. Histology was obtained in 11 cases with one case having an inaccessible lymph node but characteristic features of PTLD. The histology specimens showed 100% stained positive for EBV, whilst 66.7% were lymphomas and 33.3% were pre-lymphomas. The development of PTLD occurred within 3 months in 66% of cases, 3–6 months in 17% of cases, and 12–18 months in 17% of cases. Information on donor and recipient EBV serostatus was available in 44 consecutive patients, which included 10 of the 12 cases of PTLD. 20 patients developed persistent EBV viraemia, and 10 of these patients developed PTLD, taking approximately 2 weeks to progress. The risk of persistent EBV viraemia developing with different donor and recipient EBV serostatus and subsequent risk of developing PTLD is shown below in table 1. The risk of PTLD developing in groups with different donor and recipient EBV serostatus is shown below in table 2. Conclusion: The key finding of this study is that when an EBV seronegative recipient receives and intestinal graft from an EBV seropositive donor, there is 67% risk of developing EBV viraemia and in this group 100% will develop PTLD. Furthermore, the two deaths directly attributable to PTLD occurred in this group, suggesting that primary infection has a more serious disease course. Taken together, this gives a strong argument for matching EBV serostatus, particularly for recipients who are EBV negative. In circumstances where this is not possible, for example a super-urgent listing due to graft failure or a highly sensitised recipient, a persistent EBV viraemia should be treated early and effectively to stop progression to PTLD.
Catalytic amino acid production from biomass-derived intermediates (2018)

Amino acids are the building blocks for protein biosynthesis and find use in myriad industrial applications including in food for humans, in animal feed, and as precursors for bio-based plastics, among others. However, the development of efficient chemical methods to convert abundant and renewable feedstocks into amino acids has been largely unsuccessful to date. To that end, here we report a heterogeneous catalyst that directly transforms lignocellulosic biomass-derived α-hydroxyl acids into α-amino acids, including alanine, leucine, valine, aspartic acid, and phenylalanine in high yields. The reaction follows a dehydrogenation-reductive amination pathway, with dehydrogenation as the rate-determining step. Ruthenium nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (Ru/CNT) exhibit exceptional efficiency compared with catalysts based on other metals, due to the unique, reversible enhancement effect of NH<sub>3</sub> on Ru in dehydrogenation. Based on the catalytic system, a two-step chemical process was designed to convert glucose into alanine in 43% yield, comparable with the well-established microbial cultivation process, and therefore, the present strategy enables a route for the production of amino acids from renewable feedstocks. Moreover, a conceptual process design employing membrane distillation to facilitate product purification is proposed and validated. Overall, this study offers a rapid and potentially more efficient chemical method to produce amino acids from woody biomass components.
The Presence of a CMV Immunodominant Allele in the Recipient Is Associated With Increased Survival in CMV Positive Patients Undergoing Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2019)

Specific major histocompatibility (MHC) class I alleles dominate anti-CMV responses in a hierarchal manner. These CMV immunodominant (IMD) alleles are associated with a higher magnitude and frequency of cytotoxic lymphocyte responses as compared to other human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. CMV reactivation has been associated with an increased incidence of graft-vs.-host disease and non-relapse mortality, as well as protection from relapse in HLA-matched HSCT settings. Less is known about the impact of CMV reactivation on these major outcomes after haploidentical (HI) HSCT, an increasingly applied therapeutic option. In HI HSCT, the efficiency of the immune response is decreased due to the immune suppression required to cross the MHC barrier as well as MHC mismatch between presenting and responding cells. We hypothesized that the presence of a CMV IMD allele would increase the efficiency of CMV responses after HI HSCT potentially impacting CMV-related outcomes. In this retrospective, multivariable review of 216 HI HSCT patients, we found that CMV+ recipients possessing at least 1 of 5 identified CMV IMD alleles had a lower hazard of death (HR = 0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.003) compared to CMV+ recipients not possessing a CMV IMD allele, and an overall survival rate similar to their CMV- counterparts. The analysis delineated subgroups within the CMV+ population at greater risk for death due to CMV reactivation.
Postsurgical Pathologies Associated with Intradural Electrical Stimulation in the Central Nervous System: Design Implications for a New Clinical Device (2014)

Spinal cord stimulation has been utilized for decades in the treatment of numerous conditions such as failed back surgery and phantom limb syndromes, arachnoiditis, cancer pain, and others. The placement of the stimulating electrode array was originally subdural but, to minimize surgical complexity and reduce the risk of certain postsurgical complications, it became exclusively epidural eventually. Here we review the relevant clinical and experimental pathologic findings, including spinal cord compression, infection, hematoma formation, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, chronic fibrosis, and stimulation-induced neurotoxicity, associated with the early approaches to subdural electrical stimulation of the central nervous system, and the spinal cord in particular. These findings may help optimize the safety and efficacy of a new approach to subdural spinal cord stimulation now under development.
Supraspinal cholecystokinin may drive tonic descending facilitation mechanisms to maintain neuropathic pain in the rat (2000)

Complete or partial spinal section at T(8) has been shown to block tactile allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia following L(5)/L(6) spinal nerve ligation (SNL), suggesting the supraspinal integration of allodynia in neuropathic pain. In the present study, the possibility of mediation of nerve injury-associated pain through tonic activity of descending nociceptive facilitation arising from the rostroventromedial medulla (RVM) was investigated. Specifically, the actions of brainstem cholecystokinin and the possible importance of sustained afferent input from injured nerve fibers were determined using pharmacological and physiological approaches in rats with SNL. Lidocaine given bilaterally into the RVM blocked tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in SNL rats and was inactive in sham-operated rats. Bilateral injection of L365,260 (CCK(B) receptor antagonist) into the RVM also reversed both tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Microinjection of CCK-8 (s) into the RVM of naive rats produced a robust tactile allodynic effect and a more modest hyperalgesia. CCK immunoreactivity was not significantly different between SNL and sham-operated rats. The anti-nociceptive effect of morphine given into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray region (PAG) was substantially reduced by SNL. The injection of L365,260 into the RVM or of bupivacaine at the site of nerve injury restored the potency and efficacy of PAG morphine in SNL rats. These results suggest that changes in supraspinal processing are likely to contribute to the observed poor efficacy of opioids in clinical states of neuropathic pain. These data also indicate that the activation of descending nociceptive facilitatory pathways is important in the maintenance of neuropathic pain, appears to be dependent on CCK release, and may be driven from sustained afferent input from injured nerves to brainstem sites. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that abnormal tonic activity of descending facilitation mechanisms may underlie chronic pain from peripheral nerve injury.
Review: Surgical Aspects and Biological Considerations of Arteriovenous Fistula Placement (2010)

Since the Fistula First Initiative was formulated in 2003, providers and payers have increasingly emphasized the need to create more arteriovenous fistulae. To maximize the chances of successful fistula maturation, a thorough understanding of the biology and surgical aspects of fistula placement are essential. A functional endothelium in the target vessels is the prerequisite for the adaptive remodeling of the vessel wall, which has to take place after fistula formation. Mechanoreceptors of the endothelium sense the increase in shear stress and, through a variety of activated signaling cascades, induce the necessary changes and vasodilation of the respective vessels. The successful fistula placement starts with a thorough preoperative evaluation, which focuses on protecting the target vessels and avoiding intravenous catheters and devices. Intraoperatively, the risk of endothelial dysfunction and hyperplasia is further minimized through an atraumatic dissection with minimal manipulation of the vein and artery. The surgical technique should also focus on decreasing the vessel compliance mismatch and avoiding an inflammatory response secondary to hematoma formation. Postoperatively, the fistula must be diligently monitored for the complications of thrombosis, postoperative steal syndrome, neuropathy, aneurysm formation, infection, and high-output cardiac failure. Early recognition of a problem is the key to saving an otherwise doomed fistula. An armamentarium of percutaneous techniques is available to the access surgeon to treat the most common causes of failed access formation. However, in some cases a surgical revision of the access site through patch angioplasty, a jump graft, and graft interposition is necessary to create a fistula which can be successfully used for hemodialysis.
Control of CD4+ T‐cell memory by cytokines and costimulators (2006)

During T-cell priming, cytokines and costimulatory molecules provide important signals that determine the magnitude and quality of the response. Although the functions of defined cytokines and costimulators in the primary T-cell response are well characterized, much less is known about how these factors contribute to memory T-cell development and survival. Since memory cells are thought to be long-lived progeny of the primary response, it is conceivable that the same signals shaping initial T-cell expansion and differentiation also contribute to memory generation. Here, we review evidence and show novel data on the role of the cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-7 and the costimulator CD28 in CD4+ memory T-cell development. We emphasize that transient IL-2 and CD28 signals during priming imprint a long-lasting survival advantage in primed T cells, thus contributing to the persistence of a memory population. The requirement for IL-2 and CD28 signals is not linked to promoting T-cell division and expansion but most likely due to their capacity to (i) promote effector cell differentiation; (ii) induce survival proteins, and, as we discuss in more detail; (iii) program expression of receptors for 'memory survival factors' such as IL-7. Studies exploring the therapeutic potential of these insights are also discussed.
Jamming Threats And Countermeasures of the Terahertz OOK Mode in IEEE 802.15.3d (2022)

We unveil jamming threats of the OOK mode of the IEEE 802.15.3d. We discuss jamming effectiveness, asymmetric effect on the bits and beat jamming. We propose a low-weight coding scheme as a countermeasure.
Improved dna content histograms from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded liver tissue by proteinase K digestion (1993)

An improved method for the enzymatic digestion of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue for DNA content analysis by flow cytometry is presented. Forty samples of histologically normal liver were alternately digested by the traditional pepsin method or a new method utilizing proteinase K and heat. Sixteen (40%) of the pepsin-digested samples had apparent DNA aneuploid peaks by flow cytometry. False DNA aneuploid peaks were not present in any of the histograms obtained after proteinase K digestion. Microscopy showed that the pepsin-digested samples had residual cytoplasmic remnants which contained fluorescent material. Samples digested with proteinase K had few cytoplasmic remnants. The average G0/G1 coefficient of variation after proteinase K treatment was lower (41%) and the fluorescent intensity higher (128%) than the pepsin-treated samples. The apparent mean S-phase (a combination of S-phase cells and underlying debris) after proteinase K digestion was 35% of the pepsin-treated samples. Primary and secondary tumors of the liver that were DNA aneuploid after pepsin treatment were also DNA aneuploid after proteinase K treatment. A modified digestion protocol utilizing proteinase K and heat can provide superior results for DNA content analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue.
Zur Deutung des Rautenornaments auf einem römischen Grabstein aus Devnja (Bulgarien) (2017)

[nicht vorhanden / not available]
ATR HMM-LR continuous speech recognition system (2002)

An improvement of the hidden Markov model (HMM) LR continuous-speech recognizer using multiple codebooks, HMM state duration control and fuzzy vector quantization is described. The system recognizes Japanese phrases (Bunsetsu) according to a context-free grammar including 1035 words. In speaker-dependent conditions, a phrase recognition rate of 88.4% (99.0% for the top five candidates) was attained. The system was tested with speaker-adaptation based on a codebook mapping algorithm. An average speaker-adapted phrase recognition rate of 81.6% (98.8% for the top five candidates) was attained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Noise-resilient edge modes on a chain of superconducting qubits (2022)

Inherent symmetry of a quantum system may protect its otherwise fragile states. Leveraging such protection requires testing its robustness against uncontrolled environmental interactions. Using 47 superconducting qubits, we implement the one-dimensional kicked Ising model, which exhibits nonlocal Majorana edge modes (MEMs) with [Formula: see text] parity symmetry. We find that any multiqubit Pauli operator overlapping with the MEMs exhibits a uniform late-time decay rate comparable to single-qubit relaxation rates, irrespective of its size or composition. This characteristic allows us to accurately reconstruct the exponentially localized spatial profiles of the MEMs. Furthermore, the MEMs are found to be resilient against certain symmetry-breaking noise owing to a prethermalization mechanism. Our work elucidates the complex interplay between noise and symmetry-protected edge modes in a solid-state environment.
Posteromedial Meniscocapsular Lesions Increase Tibiofemoral Joint Laxity With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficiency, and Their Repair Reduces Laxity (2015)

This study suggests that unrepaired posteromedial meniscocapsular lesions will allow abnormal meniscal and tibiofemoral laxity to persist postoperatively, predisposing the knee to meniscal and articular damage.
Analysis of the Cryptophycin P450 Epoxidase Reveals Substrate Tolerance and Cooperativity (2008)

Cryptophycins are potent anticancer agents isolated from Nostoc sp. ATCC 53789 and Nostoc sp. GSV 224. The most potent natural cryptophycin analogues retain a beta-epoxide at the C2'-C3' position of the molecule. A P450 epoxidase encoded by c rpE recently identified from the cryptophycin gene cluster was shown to install this key functional group into cryptophycin-4 (Cr-4) to produce cryptophycin-2 (Cr-2) in a regio- and stereospecific manner. Here we report a detailed characterization of the CrpE epoxidase using an engineered maltose binding protein (MBP)-CrpE fusion. The substrate tolerance of the CrpE polypeptide was investigated with a series of structurally related cryptophycin analogues generated by chemoenzymatic synthesis. The enzyme specifically installed a beta-epoxide between C2' and C3' of cyclic cryptophycin analogues. The kcat/Km values of the enzyme were determined to provide further insights into the P450 epoxidase catalytic efficiency affected by substrate structural variation. Finally, binding analysis revealed cooperativity of MBP-CrpE toward natural and unnatural desepoxy cryptophycin substrates.
Oxygen Reduction at the Surface and the Hetero-Interface of La-Sr-Co-O-Oxides (2010)

To date, we have reported that oxygen surface exchange is enhanced along the hetero-interface consisting of (La,Sr)2CoO4 and (La,Sr)CoO3. However, there still remain questions on the detailed mechanisms. In this study, we examined how the composition of porous (La,Sr)2CoO4, fabricated on (La,Sr)CoO3 film, affects the enhancement. Layered electrodes consisting of porous (La1-xSrx)2CoO4{plus minus}δ (x = 1.0 and 0.8) and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ were prepared and tested by impedance spectrometry. Regardless of the La/Sr ratio in (La,Sr)2CoO4 phase, the area specific conductivity was modified at lower temperatures and in higher oxygen partial pressures while the degree of the enhancement was independent of La/Sr ratio. La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ film electrode degraded. Composition analysis of the film surface suggested that it had precipitates such as Sr- and Co-oxides. On the other hand, when porous (La,Sr)2CoO4 was fabricated on La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ film, surface precipitates disappeared. This suggested that the (La,Sr)2CoO4 phase plays an important role to keep the composition of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ film to be a perovskite structure possibly by accepting and/or releasing cations near the hetero-interface, resulted in the modification of the electrode performance.
Surface reaction of laser-ablated polyester films with vinyl derivatives. (1995)

The formation of radicals on the surface of poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films after KrF excimer laser ablation was investigated by measurements of electron spin resonance (ESR) and by analyses of surface reaction with a vinyl monomer at a cryogenic temperature. The ESR spectrum of the ablated films in a sealed tube showed a broad peak. Acrylic acid ester and styrene derivatives were immobilized on the ablated and fragment-deposited surfaces through chemical bonds.
Initial growth kinetics of positive and negative hydrogenated Si cluster ions under the presence of silane radicals (2019)

Abstract We investigated the time evolution of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ion populations in an ion trap filled with SiH 4 and He buffer gas to elucidate the roles of silane ions and radicals generated by an electron shower. The initial growth of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ions is accelerated by SiH 2 until n = 3 for cations and n = 2 for anions, where the radical effect diminishes because further Si-addition is inhibited by reverse reactions. Through reactions with SiH 4 , the cations reach less-reactive n = 5 with large H contents and further growth significantly slows, while the anion growth completely stops at n = 2 because <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> is not reactive with SiH 4 . This anion inertness is attributed to instability of the hydrogen-bonded reaction intermediates based on ab initio calculations. Hence the ionization is not a promoting factor but the SiH 2 insertion into neutral Si n H x is the major pathway for cluster growth in silane plasmas.
The mechanics and stability of liquid jets and films. (1991)

The underlying objective of this thesis is to study the process of coating by jet atomization, whose mechanism is divided into the mechanics and stability of liquid jets and the dynamics of thin films. The first step in the analysis of the mechanics of liquid jets is to examine the two-dimensional formation of non-Newtonian liquid jets. Steady-state, free-surface profiles and the subsequent motion of unstable surfaces are analyzed by the Galerkin finite-element method with free-surface parameterization. A constitutive equation is used to approximate Bingham liquids, which incorporates the effects of shear thinning. Increased surface tension and shear thinning destabilize round jets and increase the size of satellite drops, while increased yield stress decreases the size of satellite drops. The increase in satellite drop size is a response to the increased growth rate of disturbances on the free surface. Inertial effects prevent liquid from leaving regions that form satellites under the more rapid advance of disturbances. Nonlinear analysis show that the most unstable wavelength is closely approximated by linear theory. However, the dynamics near jet breakup are controlled by nonlinear effects. Two-dimensional studies are continued with the analysis of electrohydrodynamic jet breakup. An applied electric field will increase the size of the satellite drop formed, despite an increase in breakup time. The contradiction is due to the pressure gradient induced in the jet near the point of disintegration, which causes slowly propagating disturbances to advance rapidly in the final stages of the process. Three-dimensional jets are also analyzed using a unique streamlined finite-element method. The effects of inertia, gravity, and nozzle geometries are considered when producing steady-state jets. Also considered is the problem of die design where the die (or nozzle) shape is determined to produce a jet with a specified final shape, which is important to the extrusion of polymers. The next step of the study of coatings is an analysis of the spreading and leveling of thin films. The constitutive equation used is the modified Oldroyd-B model. Asymptotic analysis, which is exact for long wavelengths of small disturbance amplitudes, is compared with direct nonlinear finite-element analysis. Increased relaxation time decreases the rate of leveling and spreading, enhances surface defects, while increased retardation time reverses the effects of increased relaxation time.