gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liver Metastasis as a First Sign of Fallopian Tube Carcinoma and the Role of Positron Emission Tomography in Preoperative Diagnosis (2002)

The search for an unknown primary tumour is often time-consuming, costly and unrewarding. Positron emission tomography might be an effective method for screening the body for malignant deposits. We present the case of a woman with a symptomatic liver tumour of unknown origin. Several investigations did not reveal a primary tumour, but PET scanning showed a hot spot in the pelvis, suggesting either a primary tumour or a metastatic deposit. During operation, a primary Fallopian tube carcinoma was detected. Histopathological examination of the resected liver tumour revealed a metastasis of the Fallopian tube carcinoma. This case report demonstrates that PET scanning can be useful in the diagnostic process in patients with unknown primary tumour, and that a symptomatic liver tumour can be the first sign of Fallopian tube carcinoma.
Revisiting Few-Shot Learning for Facial Expression Recognition (2019)

Most of the existing deep neural nets on automatic facial expression recognition focus on a set of predefined emotion classes, where the amount of training data has the biggest impact on performance. However, in the standard setting over-parameterised neural networks are not amenable for learning from few samples as they can quickly over-fit. In addition, these approaches do not have such a strong generalisation ability to identify a new category, where the data of each category is too limited and significant variations exist in the expression within the same semantic category. We embrace these challenges and formulate the problem as a low-shot learning, where once the base classifier is deployed, it must rapidly adapt to recognise novel classes using a few samples. In this paper, we revisit and compare existing few-shot learning methods for the low-shot facial expression recognition in terms of their generalisation ability via episode-training. In particular, we extend our analysis on the cross-domain generalisation, where training and test tasks are not drawn from the same distribution. We demonstrate the efficacy of low-shot learning methods through extensive experiments.
Investigation of the unidirectional spin heat conveyer effect in a 200nm thin Yttrium Iron Garnet film (2016)

We have investigated the unidirectional spin wave heat conveyer effect in sub-micron thick yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films using lock-in thermography (LIT). Although the effect is small in thin layers this technique allows us to observe asymmetric heat transport by magnons which leads to asymmetric temperature profiles differing by several mK on both sides of the exciting antenna, respectively. Comparison of Damon-Eshbach and backward volume modes shows that the unidirectional heat flow is indeed due to non-reciprocal spin-waves. Because of the finite linewidth, small asymmetries can still be observed when only the uniform mode of ferromagnetic resonance is excited. The latter is of extreme importance for example when measuring the inverse spin-Hall effect because the temperature differences can result in thermovoltages at the contacts. Because of the non-reciprocity these thermovoltages reverse their sign with a reversal of the magnetic field which is typically deemed the signature of the inverse spin-Hall voltage.
Precision measurement of tribocharging in acoustically levitated sub-millimeter grains (2019)

Contact electrification of dielectric grains forms the basis for a myriad of physical phenomena. However, even the basic aspects of collisional charging between grains are still unclear. Here we develop a new experimental method, based on acoustic levitation, which allows us to controllably and repeatedly collide two sub-millimeter grains and measure the evolution of their electric charges. This is therefore the first tribocharging experiment to provide complete electric isolation for the grain-grain system from its surroundings. We use this method to measure collisional charging rates between pairs of grains for three different material combinations: polyethylene-polyethylene, polystyrene-polystyrene, and polystyrene-sulfonated polystyrene. The ability to directly and noninvasively collide particles of different constituent materials, chemical functionality, size, and shape opens the door to detailed studies of collisional charging in granular materials.
TV White Space standardization and regulation in Europe (2011)

Regulators around the world are currently setting rules and requirements that will allow for mass-market access to TV White Spaces. It is expected that the opening of those frequency bands to the consumer market will lead to a dramatic increase of spectrum exploitation efficiency in highly appealing frequency bands: In Europe, the frequency bands between 470 MHz and 790 MHz are considered and the inherent signal propagation properties are largely superior to those in standard cellular bands, for example, in 900 MHz and 2 GHz. This paper will present related use cases for the exploitation of TV White Space as they are currently discussed in the ETSI Reconfigurable Radio Systems Technical Committee. Then, the availability of TV White Spaces in Europe is investigated, followed by an overview of recent regulatory activities on the European Commission level. In particular, expectations related to a new revision of the European R&TTE Directive are presented which represents the basic regulatory framework in Europe.
Learning by Planning: Language-Guided Global Image Editing (2021)

Recently, language-guided global image editing draws increasing attention with growing application potentials. However, previous GAN-based methods are not only confined to domain-specific, low-resolution data but also lacking in interpretability. To overcome the collective difficulties, we develop a text-to-operation model to map the vague editing language request into a series of editing operations, e.g., change contrast, brightness, and saturation. Each operation is interpretable and differentiable. Furthermore, the only supervision in the task is the target image, which is insufficient for a stable training of sequential decisions. Hence, we propose a novel operation planning algorithm to generate possible editing sequences from the target image as pseudo ground truth. Comparison experiments on the newly collected MA5k-Req dataset and GIER dataset show the advantages of our methods. Code is available at https://jshi31.github.io/T2ONet.
Loss of epitaxy during diamond film growth on ordered Ni(100) (1989)

Filament assisted diamond film growth was studied on a clean and highly oriented Ni(100) substrate using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), x-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) to examine the sample at selected intervals in the growth process. The sample was transferred between the growth chamber and the ultrahigh vacuum analytical chamber without exposure to air. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to characterize the sample; however, this required exposing the sample to air. Prior to growth the Ni(100) crystal was cleaned and ordered with a combination of Ar-ion bombardment, oxygen/hydrogen treatments, and annealing. After 2 min growth, microcrystalline graphite islands formed on top of a c(2×2) carbon layer. Later, LEED showed a graphite surface with very poor azimuthal orientation. This surface developed into a disordered nondiamond surface that we assign as glassy carbon. Next, EELS and XAES showed new features due to diamond. Growth was stopped when a continuous diamond film was formed. SEM confirmed the presence of well-faceted diamond crystals on a disordered and highly three-dimensional surface. These experiments show that the graphite and glassy carbon layers, formed prior to diamond, are poorly oriented with respect to the Ni(100) surface. Since these intermediate layers are not in registry with the Ni(100) surface, subsequent diamond growth is not epitaxial.
Optimizing Energy-Distortion Trade-off for Vital Signs Delivery in Mobile Health Applications (2020)

Healthcare is considered a top priority worldwide, considering the swift increase in the number of chronic patients who require continuous monitoring. This motivates the researchers to develop scalable remote health applications. However, transmitting massive medical data through a dynamic network imposes multiple challenges in terms of both application and network requirements. Therefore, many researchers propose compression approaches that facilitate the transmission of the data. In this work, the movement of the patients was considered while running a multi-objective optimization problem between transmission energy and the distortion ratio of the reconstructed medical data. Spatio-TEmporal Parametric Stepping (STEPS) and Random WayPoint (RWP) mobility models were used for patient movement simulation. STEPS showed better performance than RWP. This makes it a more preferable mobility model to be used while simulating in-doors medical scenarios, with minimal patient movements.
Blind GOP structure analysis of MPEG-2 and H.264/AVC decoded video (2010)

In this paper, we provide a simple method for analyzing the GOP structure of an MPEG-2 or H.264/AVC decoded video without having access to the bitstream. Noise estimation is applied on the decoded frames and the variance of the noise in the different I-, P-, and B-frames is measured. After the encoding process, the noise variance in the video sequence shows a periodic pattern, which helps in the extraction of the GOP period, as well as the type of frames. This algorithm can be used along with other algorithms to blindly analyze the encoding history of a video sequence. The method has been tested on several MPEG-2 DVB and DVD streams, as well as on H.264/AVC encoded sequences, and shows successful results in both cases.
Spectral Color Reproduction Using an Interim Connection Space-Based Lookup Table (2008)

For purposes of defining a feasible approach to spectral color management, previous research proposed an interim connection space (ICS). ICS is relatively low in dimension and would be situated between a high-dimensional spectral profile connection space and output units. The current research simulated printed spectra after using a multidimensional ICS-based lookup tables (LUTs) based on LabPQR, an ICS described in earlier work. LabPQR has three colorimetric dimensions (CIELAB) and additional dimensions to describe a metameric black (PQR). The spectral reproduction accuracies for printing on a six-color ink jet printer were compared based on several versions of the ICS-based LUTs. Variations were evaluated with respect to quality trade-offs between size of the LUT and spectral reproduction accuracies, as well as the number of dimensions necessary for spectral color management. A five-dimensional 17&#xD7;17&#xD7;17&#xD7;5&#xD7;3 LUT performed well with three dimensions for CIELAB and two dimensions for the PQR metameric black space. This LUT resulted in average CIEDE2000 of 0.51 and average spectral root mean square error of 4.22% for a simulated spectral reproduction of the GretagMacbeth ColorChecker.
Fitness costs of rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis are amplified under conditions of nutrient starvation and compensated by mutation in the β′ subunit of RNA polymerase (2014)

Rifampicin resistance, a defining attribute of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, is conferred by mutations in the β subunit of RNA polymerase. Sequencing of rifampicin-resistant (RIF-R) clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis revealed, in addition to RIF-R mutations, enrichment of potential compensatory mutations around the double-psi β-barrel domain of the β' subunit comprising the catalytic site and the exit tunnel for newly synthesized RNA. Sequential introduction of the resistance allele followed by the compensatory allele in isogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis showed that these mutations respectively caused and compensated a starvation enhanced growth defect by altering RNA polymerase activity. While specific combinations of resistance and compensatory alleles converged in divergent lineages, other combinations recurred among related isolates suggesting transmission of compensated RIF-R strains. These findings suggest nutrient poor growth conditions impose larger selective pressure on RIF-R organisms that results in the selection of compensatory mutations in a domain involved in catalysis and starvation control of RNA polymerase transcription.
Development of a Multi-Antigenic SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Using a Synthetic Poxvirus Platform (2020)

Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated poxvirus vector that is widely used to develop vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. We developed a novel vaccine platform based on a unique three-plasmid system to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors from chemically synthesized DNA. In response to the ongoing global pandemic caused by SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), we used this novel vaccine platform to rapidly produce fully synthetic MVA (sMVA) vectors co-expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid antigens, two immunodominant antigens implicated in protective immunity. Mice immunized with these sMVA vectors developed robust SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, including potent neutralizing antibodies. These results demonstrate the potential of a novel vaccine platform based on synthetic DNA to efficiently generate recombinant MVA vectors and to rapidly develop a multi-antigenic poxvirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.
Near-field optical study of selective photomodification of fractal aggregates (2001)

Selective photomodification of fractal aggregates of silver nanoparticles is studied experimentally by photon-scanning-tunneling microscopy. Near-field optical images of the aggregates before and after photomodification show changes in the distribution of local electromagnetic fields in the near zone at subwavelength scale. These changes are much stronger than those measured in the far field. Results from numerical modeling of photomodification are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.
Phase 1 study of the immunotoxin LMB‐100 in patients with mesothelioma and other solid tumors expressing mesothelin (2020)

Mesothelin, a cell surface antigen, is an attractive target for cancer therapy given its limited expression in normal human tissues and high expression in many human cancers. LMB-100 is a recombinant antimesothelin immunotoxin consisting of a humanized antimesothelin antibody fragment fused to a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A. In the current study, the authors determined the safety, maximum tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics of LMB-100, as well as the generation of antidrug antibodies. Ongoing phase 2 clinical trials are evaluating the combination of LMB-100 plus pembrolizumab in patients with treatment-refractory mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer.
Murine bone marrow-derived mast cells express chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper class 2 cells (CRTh2) (2009)

Mast cells are bone marrow-derived effector cells that can initiate inflammatory responses to infectious organisms or allergens by releasing a multitude of pro-inflammatory factors including prostaglandin (PG) D(2). We demonstrate that primary murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) express the PGD(2) receptor; chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T(h) class 2 cells (CRT(h)2). Activation of CRT(h)2 on BMMC by PGD(2) or the CRT(h)2-specific agonist, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D(2) (DK-PGD(2)), resulted in signaling response including Ca(2+) mobilization and phosphorylation of the p42/p44 extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) kinases. Phosphorylation of the ERKs could be blocked by pertussis toxin, as well as a small molecule antagonist of CRT(h)2, Compound A. Activation of CRT(h)2 on BMMC also resulted in the up-regulation of CD23 and CD30 on the cell surface, as well as CD62L shedding. Finally, PGD(2) and DK-PGD(2) induced the migration of BMMC in vitro and in vivo in response to an intra-dermal DK-PGD(2) injection. Both these processes were inhibited by the CRT(h)2 antagonist. These results raise the possibility that the functional consequences of the PGD(2)-CRT(h)2 interaction on mast cells may be relevant in allergic inflammation.
Trans–Cis Isomerization of Vinylketones through Triplet 1,2-Biradicals (2014)

The irradiation of trans-vinylketones 1a-c yields the corresponding cis isomers 2a-c. Laser flash photolysis of 1a and 1b with 308 and 355 nm lasers results in their triplet ketones (T1K of 1), which rearrange to form triplet 1,2-biradicals 3a and 3b, respectively, whereas irradiation with a 266 nm laser produces their cis-isomers through singlet reactivity. Time-resolved IR spectroscopy of 1a with 266 nm irradiation confirmed that 2a is formed within the laser pulse. In comparison, laser flash photolysis of 1c with a 308 nm laser showed only the formation of 2c through singlet reactivity. At cryogenic temperatures, the irradiation of 1 also resulted in 2. DFT calculations were used to aid in the characterization of the excited states and biradicals involved in the cis-trans isomerization and to support the mechanism for the cis-trans isomerization on the triplet surface.
Hf-based high-k gate dielectrics - Scalability for hp45 node and beyond - (2006)

This proceeding we will discuss the scalability of Hf-based high-k gate dielectrics for hp45 node and beyond both with high-temperature gate-first integration and low-temperature gate-last integration. It describes the process optimization and metal gate MOSFET characteristics using gate-first integration with HfSiON and gate-last integration with HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> .
NI-58 * LOCATION OF GLIOBLASTOMA INTERSECTIING WHITE MATTER TRACTS PREDICT PATIENT PROGNOSIS AND RESPONSE TO BEVACIZUMAB PRIOR TO THERAPY (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Brain tumors are known to invade healthy brain along white matter tracts. We therefore hypothesized that specific white matter tracts would be associated with poorer prognosis based on their connection to primitive brain regions necessary for essential life functions. We also hypothesized that tumors in these regions treated with bevacizumab would alter patient survival. METHODS: 109 subjects with primary GBM tumors were retrospectively included in this study. Voxel-wise survival analyses were performed to test for spatial and treatment dependence of GBM survival prognosis. An intersection analysis was first performed between an enhancing tumor mask and template-space diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived tractography which highlighted voxels with tumor-intersecting white matter tracts. Maps of voxels with these tracts were made for each patient. A voxel-wise Kaplan-Meier test was performed comparing the survival times of patients with and without a tumor-intersecting white matter tract in that voxel. The same analysis was implemented to compare survival of participants with and without bevacizumab. This highlighted regions where survival was effected due to anti-VEGF treatment. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to validate the observed survival differences induced by bevacizumab considering inconsistencies in treatment regimens seen in the patient population. RESULTS: Glioblastoma patients with tumors intersecting the right anterior thalamic radiation, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, bilateral corticospinal tracts, and corpus callosum have decreased survival compared to those with tumors intersecting elsewhere. Patients treated with bevacizumab and who also had tumors intersecting the corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, or the thalamic radiations were found to be at a survival advantage when compared to those who did not receive bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Patient prognosis is associated with the location of tumor intersecting WM tracts. A survival advantage was found in tumors intersecting specific WM tracts treated with bevacizumab.
Domain-specific Quantification of Prion Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Targeted Mass Spectrometry (2019)

Therapies currently in preclinical development for prion disease seek to lower prion protein (PrP) expression in the brain. Trials of such therapies are likely to rely on quantification of PrP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a pharmacodynamic biomarker and possibly as a trial endpoint. Studies using PrP ELISA kits have shown that CSF PrP is lowered in the symptomatic phase of disease, a potential confounder for reading out the effect of PrP-lowering drugs in symptomatic patients. Because misfolding or proteolytic cleavage could potentially render PrP invisible to ELISA even if its concentration were constant or increasing in disease, we sought to establish an orthogonal method for CSF PrP quantification. We developed a multi-species targeted mass spectrometry method based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of nine PrP tryptic peptides quantified relative to an isotopically labeled recombinant protein standard for human samples, or isotopically labeled synthetic peptides for nonhuman species. Analytical validation experiments showed process replicate coefficients of variation below 15%, good dilution linearity and recovery, and suitable performance for both CSF and brain homogenate and across humans as well as preclinical species of interest. In <i>n</i> = 55 CSF samples from individuals referred to prion surveillance centers with rapidly progressive dementia, all six human PrP peptides, spanning the N- and C-terminal domains of PrP, were uniformly reduced in prion disease cases compared with individuals with nonprion diagnoses. Thus, lowered CSF PrP concentration in prion disease is a genuine result of the disease process and not an artifact of ELISA-based measurement. As a result, dose-finding studies for PrP lowering drugs may need to be conducted in presymptomatic at-risk individuals rather than in symptomatic patients. We provide a targeted mass spectrometry-based method suitable for preclinical quantification of CSF PrP as a tool for drug development.
Specialized DNA Polymerases in Lymphoid Cells (1977)

During early attempts to isolate DNA polymerases from mammalian cells, it was noted that a major polymerase activity recoverable from calf thymus tissue was one unable to copy a template. Rather it formed a DNA polymer whose composition was determined by the type of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates provided in the reaction mixture (Bollum 1960; Krakow et al. 1962; Bollum 1974). This enzyme was named “terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase.” In retrospect, it is clear that the discovery of terminal transferase was an accident of the choice of thymus as starting material. This choice was presumably made because thymocytes have a very high ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm and a very rapid rate of DNA synthesis.
USP21 deubiquitinase elevates macropinocytosis to enable oncogenic KRAS bypass in pancreatic cancer (2021)

Activating mutations in KRAS (KRAS*) are present in nearly all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases and critical for tumor maintenance. By using an inducible KRAS* PDAC mouse model, we identified a deubiquitinase USP21-driven resistance mechanism to anti-KRAS* therapy. USP21 promotes KRAS*-independent tumor growth via its regulation of MARK3-induced macropinocytosis, which serves to maintain intracellular amino acid levels for anabolic growth. The USP21-mediated KRAS* bypass, coupled with the frequent amplification of USP21 in human PDAC tumors, encourages the assessment of USP21 as a novel drug target as well as a potential parameter that may affect responsiveness to emergent anti-KRAS* therapy.