gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Moving-Wall-Driven Flows in Nanofluidic Systems (2002)

We describe fluidic control in lipid nanotubes 50−150 nm in radius, conjugated with surface-immobilized unilamellar lipid bilayer vesicles (∼5−25 μm in diameter). Transport in nanotubes was induced by continuously increasing the surface tension of one of the conjugated vesicles, for example, by ellipsoidal shape deformation using a pair of carbon microfibers controlled by micromanipulators as tweezers. The shape deformation resulted in a flow of membrane lipids toward the vesicle with the higher membrane tension; this lipid flow in turn moved the liquid column inside the nanotube through viscous coupling. Thus, micrometer-sized vesicles are used as a handle for controlling fluid flow inside nanometer-sized channels. We show transport and trapping of a single 30-nm-diameter carboxylate-modified latex particle inside a ∼100-nm-radius nanotube. Fluidic control in nanometer-sized channels using a moving wall provides pluglike liquid flows, offers a means for efficient routing and trapping of small molecules, polymers, and colloids, and offers new opportunities to study chemistry in confined spaces. Networks of nanotubes and vesicles might serve as a platform to build nanofluidic devices operating with single molecules and nanoparticles.
[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: basics for general practitioners]. (2010)

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease described in more than 30 countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. The causative agent is the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) that is a member of the genus Nairovirus of the family Bunyaviridae. CCHFV that is characterized by a high genetic variability is transmitted to humans by tick bites or contact with fluids from an infected individual or animal. The initial symptoms of CCHF are nonspecific and gradually progress to a hemorrhagic phase that can be lethal (case-fatality rate: 10 to 50%). Characteristic laboratory findings of CCHF are thrombocytopenia, elevated liver and muscle enzymes, and coagulation defects. The pathogenesis of CCHF remains unclear but might involve excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine production and dysfunction of the innate immune response. Diagnosis of CCHF is based mainly on isolation of the virus, identification of the viral genome by molecular techniques (RT-PCR), and serological detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies. There is currently no specific treatment for CCHFV infection and the efficacy of ribavirin is controversial. In absence of an effective vaccine, prevention is based mainly on vector control, protection measures, and information to increase the awareness of the population and of healthcare workers.
Iron‐Catalyzed Carbometalation of Propargylic and Homopropargylic Alcohols. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Work Extraction Efficiency in a Series Hybrid Opposed Piston Engine (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This work investigates the development of a novel series hybrid architecture utilizing a single cylinder opposed piston engine. The opposed piston engine presents unique benefits in a hybrid architecture such as its lower heat transfer due to a favorable surface area to volume ratio and lack of a cylinder head, as well as the thermodynamic benefits of two stroke operation with uniflow scavenging. A particular focus of this effort is the work extraction efficiency of two design concepts. The first design concept utilizes a geartrain to couple the crankshafts of the engine in a conventional manner, providing a single power take-off for coupling to an electric motor/generator. In this design, the large inertia of the geartrain dampens the speed fluctuation of the single cylinder engine, reducing the peak torque required to for the electric machine. However, the friction losses caused by the geartrain limit the maximum work extraction efficiency. The second design concept eliminates the geartrain by coupling an electric machine directly to each crankshaft of the opposed piston engine. While elimination of the geartrain avoids the frictional losses of the first design, the large torque and velocity oscillations characteristic of a single cylinder engine are no longer damped. Furthermore, feedback control algorithms are required to maintain the relative phasing between the two crankshafts and thus requires larger torque capability from the electric machines. A parametric study of motor and engine characteristics was conducted to project the efficiency entitlement of each hybrid architecture based on models of the electric motor/generator which have been validated by experimental results. Elimination of the geartrain increases the ceiling for the system efficiency. However, in practice the larger amplitude torque pulsations from the electric motor required to track the desired exhaust crankshaft lead may offset the benefits in friction reduction.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Corticosteroids and Chorea (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In an article in theArchives(35:53-54, 1978), Green reported improvement after treatment with corticosteroids in the conditions of eight consecutive patients suffering from Sydenham's chorea (SC). Green suggested that the beneficial effect of corticosteroids on SC may involve alleviating "a mild inflammatory reaction of small vessels most likely involving the caudate-putamen complex." Another possibility worth consideration is that his results reflect suppression of an autoimmune mechanism. Recent work by Husby et al<sup>1</sup>suggests that, in SC, an "antineuronal" antibody is present that reacts with the neuronal cytoplasm of human caudate. It is possible that corticosteroids, by reducing production of such an antibody, might bring about a favorable therapeutic response. If this is true, a similar approach might be considered for the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD), inasmuch as there have also been reports of an autoimmune response in this disorder. McMenemy in 1961<sup>2</sup>first
Implantation of defined activities of phosphorus 32 with reduced target damage (2018)

Materials doped with the unstable isotope phosphorus 32 are promising candidates for use in brachytherapeutic applications. One way to dope a material with <sup>32</sup>P is by ion implantation. However, the bombardment of the target with ions other than <sup>32</sup>P due to impurities of the ion beam leads to unnecessary damages of the target, which might reduce its potential for medical applications. Furthermore, implanting a pre-selected activity of an unstable isotope into a target requires the repeated determination of the target's activity, which requires removing the target from the implantation chamber. This prolongs the total implantation time and requires handling the radioactive target multiple times, which in turn increases the risk of accidental exposure. We have incorporated an online-detector system into the implantation chamber of a 60 kV ion implanter that allowed us to determine the activity of the target without removing the target from the implantation chamber. We then used this system to investigate the implantation of ions with <i>m</i> = 38 u-instead of ions with <i>m</i> = 32 u-to reduce the fraction of other ions than <sup>32</sup>P implanted into the target to reduce the induced damages.
Fail-Safe Human Detection for Drones Using a Multi-Modal Curriculum Learning Approach (2021)

Drones are currently being explored for safety-critical applications where human agents are expected to evolve in their vicinity. In such applications, robust people avoidance must be provided by fusing a number of sensing modalities in order to avoid collisions. Currently however, people detection systems used on drones are solely based on standard cameras besides an emerging number of works discussing the fusion of imaging and event-based cameras. On the other hand, radar-based systems provide up-most robustness towards environmental conditions but do not provide complete information on their own and have mainly been investigated in automotive contexts, not for drones. In order to enable the fusion of radars with both event-based and standard cameras, we present KUL-UAVSAFE, a first-of-its-kind dataset for the study of safety-critical people detection by drones. In addition, we propose a baseline CNN architecture with cross-fusion highways and introduce a curriculum learning strategy for multi-modal data termed SAUL, which greatly enhances the robustness of the system towards hard RGB failures and provides a significant gain of 15% in peak <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol{F_1}$</tex-math></inline-formula> score compared to the use of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BlackIn</i> , previously proposed for cross-fusion networks. We demonstrate the real-time performance and feasibility of the approach by implementing the system in an edge-computing unit. We release our dataset and additional material in the project home page.
Pressure Transient Solutions for Vertically Slotted-Partially Penetrated Vertical Wells in Porous Media (2014)

In this paper, we present semi-analytical pressure transient solutions for vertically slotted-limited entry or partially penetrated vertical wells. These solutions are needed for interpretation of the pressure transient tests conducted with the Wireline Formation Testing vertically slotted-packer configuration, and in wells with vertically slotted-liner completions. These slots have limited size openings and are vertically placed on a non-permeable cylindrical wellbore in a porous medium. The fluid from the formation is produced through these slots into the wellbore. Pressure transient solutions are not readily available for the uniform pressure boundary condition on the surface of the slots because such a condition creates a mixed boundary value problem, which is difficult to solve. Here we present exact pressure transient solutions obtained under the assumption that the pressure on the slot surface is uniform but a priori unknown, and the rest of the wellbore surface is non-permeable (no-flow condition). Furthermore, we generalize our solution for the case of multiple slots (open sections) on the wellbore for both well testing and Wireline formation tester packer modules. Our solutions are compared with the existing solutions. A new formula for obtaining the drawdown horizontal mobility is presented for anisotropic media.
Adaptive auto‐regulation of androgen receptor provides a paradigm shifting rationale for bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) for castrate resistant human prostate cancer (2012)

Cell culture/xenograft and gene arrays of clinical material document that development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells involves acquisition of adaptive auto-regulation resulting in >25-fold increase in Androgen Receptor (AR) protein expression in a low androgen environment. Such adaptive AR increase paradoxically is a liability in castrated hosts, however, when supraphysiologic androgen is acutely replaced. Cell synchronization/anti-androgen response is due to AR binding to replication complexes (RC) at origin of replication sites (ORS) in early G1 associated with licensing/restricting DNA for single round of duplication during S-phase. When CRPC cells are acutely exposed to supraphysiologic androgen, adaptively increased nuclear AR is over-stabilized, preventing sufficient degradation in mitosis, inhibiting DNA re-licensing, and thus death in the subsequent cell cycle. These mechanistic results and the fact that AR/RC binding occurs in metastatic CRPCs directly from patients provides a paradigm shifting rationale for bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) in patient progressing on chronic androgen ablation. BAT involves giving sequential cycles alternating between periods of acute supraphysiologic androgen followed by acute ablation to take advantage of vulnerability produced by adaptive auto-regulation and binding of AR to RC in CRPC cells. BAT therapy is effective in xenografts and based upon positive results has entered clinical testing.
The Effects of Age, Refractive Status, and Luminance on Pupil Size (2016)

ABSTRACT Purpose Pupil size is critical for optimal performance of presbyopic contact lenses. Although the effect of luminance is well known, little information is available regarding other contributing factors such as aging and refractive status. Methods The cohort population comprised 304 patients (127 male, 177 female) aged 18 to 78 years. Pupils were photographed at three controlled luminance levels 250, 50, and 2.5 cd/m 2 using an infra‐red macro video camera. Measurements of pupil diameter were conducted after transforming pixel values to linear values in millimeters. Results Luminance was the most influential factor with pupil diameter increasing with decreased luminance (p &lt; 0.001, all comparisons). Age was also found to be a significant factor with a smaller diameter in the older groups, but overall the difference was only significant between the pre‐presbyopes and the established presbyopes (p = 0.017). Pupil diameter decreased significantly with increasing age, the effect being most marked at low luminance (&lt;0.001). The smallest pupil diameters were measured for hyperopes and the largest for myopes and although refractive error was not a significant factor alone, there was a significant interaction between luminance and refractive error with the greatest differences in pupil diameter between myopes and emmetropes at low luminance (p &lt; 0.001). Pupil diameter changes modeled by multilinear regression (p &lt; 0.001) identified age, luminance, best sphere refraction, and refractive error as significant factors accounting for just over 70% of the average variation in pupil diameter. Conclusions Both age and refractive status were found to affect pupil size with larger pupils measured for younger patients and myopes. Designs for multifocal contact lens corrections should take both age and refractive status into consideration; a faster progression from distance to near corrections across the optical zone of the lens is expected to be required for established presbyopes and hyperopes than it is for early presbyopes, myopes, and emmetropes.
Effect of Core-shell Ceria/Poly(Vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) Nanoparticles Incorporated in Polymer Films and Their Optical Properties (2): Increasing the Refractive Index (2017)

We investigated the preparation of well-dispersed core-shell ceria-poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) nanoparticles with an average particle size of around 20 nm which were used to produce a hybrid film with a polymer coating of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA). We obtained good dispersion of the nanoparticles in a mixed solvent of 48% 1-methoxy-2-propanol (MP), 32% 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol (MMB), and 20% methyl <i>i</i>-butyl ketone (MIBK). An ink of the polymer coating consisting of 68.7 wt% nanoparticles and 31.3 wt% DPHA with a polymerization initiator was prepared using this solvent mixture. The surface of the hybrid film showed low roughness and the nanoparticles formed a densely packed structure in the DPHA matrix. The resulting coating possessed excellent transparency and a high refractive index of 1.69.
Gas Transport in Interacting Planar Brushes (2021)

Recent experiments on melts of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) densely grafted with polymer chains show enhanced gas transport relative to the neat polymer (without NPs). As a means of understanding this unexpected behavior, we consider here the simpler case of two interacting planar brushes, under conditions representing a polymer melt far below its critical point (i.e., where the "free volume" or holes act akin to a poor solvent). Computer simulations illustrate, in agreement with mean-field ideas, that the density profile far away from the walls is flat but with a value that is marginally larger than the corresponding polymer melt under identical state conditions. We find that tracer particles, which represent the gas of interest, segregate preferentially to the grafting surface, with this result being relatively insensitive to the nature of polymer-surface interactions. These brush layers therefore correspond to heterogeneous transport media: the gas molecules near the grafting surface have accelerated dynamics (presumably parallel to the wall) relative to the corresponding polymer melt, but they have slower dynamics in the central region of the brush. We therefore find that gas molecules perform hop-like motions - they spend a significant part of their time in the regions of fast transport, separated by motions where they "hop" from one surface to the other. These phenomena in combination lead to an overall speedup in gas dynamics in these brush layers relative to a polymer melt, in good agreement with the experimental data.
BENEFICIARY ANTILIPOPEROXIDATIVE EFFECT OF LYCOPENE ON H2O2-SUPPLEMENTED OXIDATIVE STRESSED RATS - A DOSE-DEPENDENT STUDY (2011)

ABSTRACT In our previous study, we reported the antioxidative effects of lycopene on H2O2-supplemented oxidatively stressed rats. In this study, the antilipoperoxidative effect of various doses of lycopene on H2O2-supplemented oxidatively stressed rats was studied. Administration of lycopene beadlets (LBs) to H2O2-supplemented oxidatively stressed animals at doses of 0.62 g and 1.24 g/100 g ameliorated both peroxidative and hyperlipidemic conditions. Oral administration of low and high doses of LBs to the oxidatively stressed rats significantly decreased their levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins compared to their untreated counterparts. In addition, LBs effectively decreased serum and liver malondialdehyde levels in H2O2-supplemented animals. Serum lycopene levels increased markedly with higher dose of LBs. These observations indicate that lycopene reduces endogenous lipogenesis and increases lipid catabolism and subsequent excretion of metabolic by-products through the intestinal tract. However, lycopene at a dose of 1.24 g/100 g was superior for the amelioration of peroxidation-induced lipid abnormalities in H2O2-supplemented rats. In conclusion, lycopene presumably prevents the formation and development of atheromatous plaque. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The hypothesis tested in the present study was that high dietary intake of lycopene is protective against peroxidation products (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and against increased levels of serum lipids, and serum lipoproteins with or without H2O2 treatment. With or without H2O2 treatment, lycopene lowered MDA, a major lipid peroxidation product, moderately in serum but markedly in the liver. Hydrogen peroxide consumption elevated liver and serum MDA levels similarly among all treatments, but induced no increase in serum MDA for the lycopene group, which indicated a stronger protection against lipid peroxidation by lycopene treatment. The present findings indicated that the intake of lycopene may exert antilipoperoxidative effects by lowering lipid peroxidation as well as serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and MDA levels, which may have an important relevance in the enhancement of cardiovascular health. Present observation importantly point out that, lycopene treatments with or without H2O2 consumption lowered serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels significantly, as well as decreased serum LDL-C of their respective levels in controls. Lycopene have been used as a cardiotonic for the control of oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular problems.
Ovarian cancer detection by logical analysis of proteomic data (2004)

A new type of efficient and accurate proteomic ovarian cancer diagnosis systems is proposed. The system is developed using the combinatorics and optimization-based methodology of logical analysis of data (LAD) to the Ovarian Dataset 8-7-02 (http://clinicalproteomics.steem.com), which updates the one used by Petricoin et al. in The Lancet 2002, 359, 572-577. This mass spectroscopy-generated dataset contains expression profiles of 15 154 peptides defined by their mass/charge ratios (m/z) in serum of 162 ovarian cancer and 91 control cases. Several fully reproducible models using only 7-9 of the 15 154 peptides were constructed, and shown in multiple cross-validation tests (k-folding and leave-one-out) to provide sensitivities and specificities of up to 100%. A special diagnostic system for stage I ovarian cancer patients is shown to have similarly high accuracy. Other results: (i) expressions of peptides with relatively low m/z values in the dataset are shown to be better at distinguishing ovarian cancer cases from controls than those with higher m/z values; (ii) two large groups of patients with a high degree of similarities among their formal (mathematical) profiles are detected; (iii) several peptides with a blocking or promoting effect on ovarian cancer are identified.
Genetic Variation for Biomass Yield and Predicted Genetic Gain in Lowland Switchgrass “Kanlow” (2020)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a warm-season, perennial grass valued as a promising candidate species for bioenergy feedstock production. Biomass yield is the most important trait for any bioenergy feedstock. This study was focused on understanding the genetics underlying biomass yield and feedstock quality traits in a “Kanlow” population. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess genetic variation (ii) estimate the narrow sense heritability, and (iii) predict genetic gain per cycle of selection for biomass yield and the components of lignocelluloses. Fifty-four Kanlow half-sib (KHS) families along with Kanlow check were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in Tennessee: Knoxville and Crossville. The data were recorded for two consecutive years: 2013 and 2014. The result showed a significant genetic variation for biomass yield (p &lt; 0.05), hemicellulose concentration (p &lt; 0.05), and lignin concentration (p &lt; 0.01). The narrow sense heritability estimates for biomass yield was very low (0.10), indicating a possible challenge to improve this trait. A genetic gain of 16.5% is predicted for biomass yield in each cycle of selection by recombining parental clones of 10% of superior progenies.
Epidermal Passive RFID Strain Sensor for Assisted Technologies (2014)

An epidermal passive wireless strain sensor using radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is presented. The tag is intended to detect eyebrow or neck skin stretch where paraplegic patients have the capability to tweak facial muscles. The tag is designed on a barium-titanate-loaded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and is assessed to demonstrate the strain gauge sensitivity and repeatability as a function of skin stretch.
Cooperative component carrier (Re-)selection for LTE-advanced femtocells (2011)

In dynamic HeNB networks, each user-installed HeNB autonomously selects component carriers (CCs) depending on offered traffic and interference relations with other cells. But it will cause that certain HeNB can't select feasible CC. Due to that the performance of BIM based ACCS scheme are sensitive to the predefined BIM threshold, we first introduce an adaptive binary criterion to determine whether two HeNBs can use the same CC. Furthermore, we propose a cooperative component carrier reselection algorithm based on backup CC list, to control inter-cell interference (ICI) and enhance the possibility of successful carrier selection. Simulation results show that CCCS can enhance the system performance both in terms of average user throughput and user outage rate.