gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Materials Readiness for New Devices Focusing on ReRAM (2013)

The talk will focus on material and cell design aspects of resistive memory technologies with a focus on bipolar operation. Starting from the basic switching physics in resistive memories the talk will explain the effect of the local electromagnetic environment and its impact on the switching characteristic. This will explain the commonly observed fact that memory cells have low on-state resistance (typically below 40 kOhm). This low on-resistance, in turn, is not compatible with aggressively scaled architectures, where access devices limit the available current for switching. Strategies for cell designs will be discussed which can bring the on-state resistance into a regime which is compatible with low operating currents. However, not all of them are compatible with integration schemes, temperature budgets and required retention. Suggestions for improvement will be discussed.
Electrical Resistance of AgTS–S(CH2)n−1CH3//Ga2O3/EGaIn Tunneling Junctions (2012)

Tunneling junctions having the structure AgTS–S(CH2)n−1CH3//Ga2O3/EGaIn allow physical–organic studies of charge transport across self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). In ambient conditions, the surface of the liquid metal electrode (EGaIn, 75.5 wt % Ga, 24.5 wt % In, mp 15.7 °C) oxidizes and adsorbs―like other high-energy surfaces―adventitious contaminants. The interface between the EGaIn and the SAM thus includes a film of metal oxide, and probably also organic material adsorbed on this film; this interface will influence the properties and operation of the junctions. A combination of structural, chemical, and electrical characterizations leads to four conclusions about AgTS–S(CH2)n−1CH3//Ga2O3/EGaIn junctions. (i) The oxide is ∼0.7 nm thick on average, is composed mostly of Ga2O3, and appears to be self-limiting in its growth. (ii) The structure and composition (but not necessarily the contact area) of the junctions are conserved from junction to junction. (iii) The transport of charge through the junctions is dominated by the alkanethiolate SAM and not by the oxide or by the contaminants. (iv) The interface between the oxide and the eutectic alloy is rough at the micrometer scale.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin-Nitroxide Conjugates as Anti-Biofilm Agents (2019)

As bacterial biofilms are often refractory to conventional antimicrobials, the need for alternative and/or novel strategies for the treatment of biofilm related infections has become of paramount importance. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel hybrid molecules comprised of two different hindered nitroxides linked to the piperazinyl secondary amine of ciprofloxacin via a tertiary amine linker achieved utilising reductive amination. The corresponding methoxyamine derivatives were prepared alongside their radical-containing counterparts as controls. Subsequent biological evaluation of the hybrid compounds on preformed P. aeruginosa flow cell biofilms divulged significant dispersal and eradication abilities for ciprofloxacin-nitroxide hybrid compound 10 (up to 95% eradication of mature biofilms at 40 μM). Importantly, these hybrids represent the first dual-action antimicrobial-nitroxide agents, which harness the dispersal properties of the nitroxide moiety to circumvent the well-known resistance of biofilms to treatment with antimicrobial agents.
The management of infection in arthroplasty of the shoulder (2004)

The management and outcome of treatment in 42 patients (49 shoulders) with an infected shoulder prosthesis was reviewed in a retrospective multicentre study of 2343 prostheses. The factors which were analysed included the primary diagnosis, the delay between the diagnosis of infection and treatment and the type of treatment. Treatment was considered to be successful in 30 patients (71%). Previous surgery and radiotherapy were identified as risk factors for the development of infection. All patients with an infected prosthesis had pain and limitation of movement and 88% showed radiological loosening. In 50% of the shoulders, the antibiotics chosen and the length of treatment were considered not to be optimal. The mean follow-up was 34 months. Antibiotics or debridement alone were ineffective. In acute infection, immediate revision with excision of all infected tissue and exchange of the prosthesis with appropriate antibiotic therapy gave the best results. Multidisciplinary collaboration is recommended.
Interworking of a distributed architecture for wireless PCS networks with conventional networks (1997)

A distributed architecture for wireless PCS networks is appealing due to the separation of call and connection control and the use of operations which run in parallel that can result in reduced data management load, signaling load as well as reduced post-dial delay; the Distributed Architecture for Wireless PCS Networks (DAWN) we have recently developed is such an architecture. On the other hand, centralized architecture such as IS-41 has already been deployed in several wireless networks. Thus, due to imbedded base of conventional architecture such as the IS-41 architecture, the successful deployment of a distributed architecture such as DAWN is highly dependent on the ability to phase in the new architecture and, consequently, to provide seamless interworking capabilities so that a mobile user can move between any two areas where the architectures are different. In this paper, we address the interworking aspects of DAWN with IS-41 based networks. Various IS-41 call scenarios are presented to demonstrate the workings of the interworking function. Interworking with PSTN (public switched telephone network) and handling of intersystem handoffs is also discussed.
Rise Time Properties of Partial Discharge Current Pulse Waveforms in SF<sub>6</sub> Gas with Picosecond Order and Its Formation Mechanism (2020)

This paper described partial discharge (PD) current waveforms in SF6 gas measured with a super high frequency wideband measurement system (SHF_PDPW system) with changing the electrode system to control the electric field utilization factor in order to statistically clarify the steeped pulse properties of the negative PD current pulses with a few tens picosecond order at the rising part, i.e. the minimum measured rise time was 30ps and the averaged ones were 45ps to 513ps depending on the utilization factor. The formation mechanism of such picosecond steeped rising part was discussed based on ionization process and electron movement in the critical electric filed by taking the influence of electron mobility as well as the frequency properties of the measurement system into consideration.
1133: Molecular Determinants to Increase Bladder Compliance in Spinal Cord Injury Population: A Rat Model Study (2005)

catheterizations. Bowel function questionnaire revealed significant improvement in one patient and no significant change in the other. No change in sexual function was reported. The only complication related to this procedure was mild headache for three days post-operatively in one patient.
The Influence of Attached Bubbles on Potential Drop and Current Distribution at Gas‐Evolving Electrodes (1987)

A theoretical study is presented of the effects of bubbles attached to the surface of a gas‐evolving electrode, with emphasis on their influence on the local current distribution and on the potential drop at the electrode. The mathematical model accounts for the combined influence of (i) ohmic obstruction within the electrolyte, (ii) area masking on the electrode surface, which raises surface overpotential by increasing the effective current density, and (iii) decreased local supersaturation, which lowers the concentration overpotential. The electrolytic transport is described by potential theory, and the dissolved gas is assumed to obey steady‐state diffusion within a concentration boundary layer. The coupled field equations are solved numerically using the boundary‐element method. The model is applied to hydrogen evolution in potassium‐hydroxide solution. For gas evolution in the Tafel kinetic regime, the current distribution is nearly uniform over the unmasked electrode area, and the increase in surface overpotential is the dominant voltage effect. However, outside the Tafel regime (e.g. on cathodes of greater catalytic activity) the current density is strongly enhanced near the bubble‐contact zone, and the supersaturation‐lowering effect is quite strong, largely offsetting the ohmic and surface‐overpotential effects. Proceeding from a set of base conditions, we perform a systematic examination of attached‐bubble effects, their relative importance, and their dependence on system variables.
Predicting Interfacial Mass Transport Using the Conformal DecompositionFinite Element Method. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Influence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Location on Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcome (2015)

The baseline characteristics and outcome of lobar ICH differ from other locations.
Metaform optics: Bridging nanophotonics and freeform optics (2021)

The demand for high-resolution optical systems with a compact form factor, such as augmented reality displays, sensors, and mobile cameras, requires creating new optical component architectures. Advances in the design and fabrication of freeform optics and metasurfaces make them potential solutions to address the previous needs. Here, we introduce the concept of a metaform-an optical surface that integrates the combined benefits of a freeform optic and a metasurface into a single optical component. We experimentally realized a miniature imager using a metaform mirror. The mirror is fabricated via an enhanced electron beam lithography process on a freeform substrate. The design degrees of freedom enabled by a metaform will support a new generation of optical systems.
Oligocyclization of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrroles with electron-withdrawing groups at β-positions: formation and structural elucidation of porphyrinogens and hexaphyrinogens (2003)

Acid-catalyzed oligomerization of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrroles bearing C6F5, 2,6-Cl2C6H3, CF3 and CO2Et groups at beta-positions was examined. The reaction of ethyl pyrrole-3-carboxylates gave a mixture of oligomers and type I isomers of porphyrinogens and hexaphyrinogens were isolated when the other beta-substituents were sufficiently bulky, for example, mesityl, 2,6-Cl2C6H3 and C6F5 groups. On the other hand, the pyrroles having other electron-withdrawing groups afforded porphyrinogens as the only isolable products.
Effect of Inflow Boundary Conditions on Hovering Tilt-Rotor Flows (2012)

A study on the effect of inflow turbulence boundary conditions on the local flow on and around a body in flight has been carried out. The study has been carried out using OVERFLOW2 flow solver using the default Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model in OVERFLOW. Many OVERFLOW turbulent flow simulations have been reported using the SA-fv3 model1 over the years. The present study demonstrates that the turbulence levels imposed as a boundary condition (b.c.) in the far-field as implemented in OVERFLOW are not correct. In fact, very low level of turbulence at the far-field boundary as implemented in OVERFLOW results in the SA-fv3 model predicting transition-like profiles on a given body. By choosing sufficiently high levels of the Reynolds number of turbulence, Rt, as a boundary condition, this anomalous behavior of SA-fv3 model is eliminated. Since numerous papers using OVERFLOW have been presented in the literature including that by the author2 using low level of inflow turbulence, it will be beneficial to the CFD community at large and in particular to the OVERFLOW community to understand this effect of the inflow b.c. in the SA-fv3 model. Various results reported over the years in domains such as high-lift applications, drag prediction applications and rotorcraft flow applications can be revisited using the new turbulence inflow boundary condition prescription as suggested in this study. It has been demonstrated in the literature that the effect of inflow turbulence level on the downstream development of flow is too important to be ignored. Demonstrative results are shown and compared with experiment for the case of hovering XV-15 rotor flow at a tip Reynolds number of 4.9 x 10(exp 6) and Mach number of 0.69 in Figs. 1 and 2 below. Fig. 1(a,b) shows skin friction predictions at radial station of r/R = 0.28 corresponding to 5 different inflow boundary conditions obtained with the SA-fv3 model. As the inflow turbulence is increased monotonically, from a value of Rt = 0.1 to 100.0 as shown in Fig. 1, a fully developed turbulent skin friction profile is realized progressively as shown in Fig. 1(b). Similarly skin friction results shown in Fig. 2(a,b) corresponding to radial stations of r/R = 0.72 reinforce the postulate made here that as the inflow turbulence level is increased gradually, fully turbulent on-the-blade simulation is realized uniformly. In the full paper extensive results on skin friction, pressure and velocity profiles as well as the Figure of Merit will be presented and compared with experiment that will illustrate the substantial effect of the inflow boundary conditions on the development of hovering rotor flow downstream.
Mitigation of Nominal Signal Deformations on Dual-Frequency WAAS Position Errors (2014)

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are used in a wide variety of applications, some critical, many essential. They are steadily being improved with the addition of new constellations, new frequencies, and new signals. Future multi-frequency GNSS will eliminate one of the largest error sources (ionospheric delays) and promises even better performance. 

Unfortunately, the new frequencies and signals will have small but unavoidable biases relative to one another. These nominal satellite signal deformations – deviations of broadcast satellite signals from ideal – result in tracking errors, range biases, and position errors in GPS receivers. The impact of these biases increases as other error sources are eliminated. Left unquantified and unmitigated, future performance may be limited by these biases. Thus it is imperative to measure, characterize, and mitigate them. 

An effective “measure-and-verify” measurement technique for signal deformation biases was previously demonstrated by the author and collaborators for L1-frequency signals [15]. This two-stage process produced highly-consistent measurements, thus rendering signal deformation biases observable and measurable. This measurement method is applied to obtain signal deformation bias measurements for 3 of the recent Block IIF dual-frequency L1/L5 satellites. 

These dual-frequency measurements are subsequently used to validate past projections of dual-frequency L1/L5 biases from single-frequency L1-only biases. In turn, this allows accurate estimations of expected and worst case 
2 
position errors for dual-frequency L1/L5 positioning in the presence of unmitigated signal deformation biases. 

Finally, using the “measure-and-verify” technique, a proposed strategy is demonstrated to be highly effective: narrowing the space of allowed user-receiver correlator spacings. Use of this strategy mitigates the signal deformation biases and resultant position errors, allowing dual-frequency users to reap the performance benefits of ionospheric error removal without significant limitations caused by signal deformation biases.
New developments in photochromic materials showing large change in the refractive index (2008)

Organic photochromic materials have been studied as active materials in optical devices since they show a reversible change of color in the visible region and appreciable reversible changes of the refractive index (&Delta;n) in the NIR. The latter peculiar property can be suitably exploited for the realization of holographic optical elements (HOEs) and in particular volume phase holographic gratings (VPHGs). Photochromic polyester based on diarylethene alcohol was synthesized and characterized both in solution and in thin film. The optical properties of the films were good enough for making optical devices and the modulation of the refractive index (measured by spectral ellipsometry) was large at 1.5 micron and it became even larger at shorter wavelength where the material is still transparent. Such photochromic material is a good candidate for making rewritable efficient HOEs.
Use of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer to Study Meiosis in Female Cattle Carrying A Sex-Dependent Fertility-Impairing X-Chromosome Abnormality (2007)

Animal models have played an important part in establishing our knowledge base on reproduction, development, and the occurrence and impact of chromosome abnormalities. Translocations involving the X chromosome and an autosome are unique in that they elicit sex-dependent infertility, with male carriers rendered sterile by synaptic anomalies during meiosis, whereas female carriers conceive but repeatedly abort. Until now the limited access to relevant fetal oocytes has precluded direct study of meiotic events in female carriers. Because somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) circumvents meiotic problems associated with fertility disturbances in translocation carriers, we used SCNT to generate embryos, fetuses, and calves from a cell line derived from a deceased subfertile X-autosome translocation carrier cow to study the meiotic configurations in carrier oocytes. Data from 33 replicates involving 2470 oocyte-donor-cell complexes were assessed for blastocyst development and of these, 42 blastocysts were transferred to 21 recipients. Fourteen pregnancies were detected on day 35 of gestation. One of these was sacrificed for ovary retrieval on day 94 and three went to term. Features of oocytes from the fetal ovary and from the newborn ovaries were examined. Of the pachytene spreads analyzed, 16%, 82%, and 1.5% exhibited quadrivalent, trivalent/univalent, and bivalent/univalent/univalent structures, respectively, whereas among the diakinesis/metaphase I spreads, 16% ring, 75% chain, and 8.3% bivalent/bivalent configurations were noted, suggesting that the low fertility among female carriers may be related to synaptic errors in a predominant proportion of oocytes. Our results indicate that fibroblasts carrying the X-autosome translocation can be used for SCNT to produce embryos, fetuses, and newborn clones to study such basic aspects of development as meiosis and to generate carriers that cannot easily be reproduced by conventional breeding.
Strained Silicon on Insulator (SSOI) by Wafer Bonding (2006)

Semiconductor wafer direct bonding combined with mechanical grinding of the donor wafer and chemical etching of the remaining silicon as well as the SiGe layer is an alternative to the hydrogen-induced layer transfer (HILT). This process allows a larger window for thermal treatments. In combination with modified insulator layers also improvements of the electrical properties and optimized strain engineering in the layer system is expected. Furthermore, the improved deposition process of the SiGe buffer allows wafer bonding without additional planarization steps
Nonlinear-Based MEMS Sensors and Active Switches for Gas and Acceleration Applications (2016)

In this talk, we demonstrate the realization of smart sensors and actuators through the exploitation of principles of nonlinear dynamics at the micro scale. Specifically, we demonstrate combining sensing and actuation into a single device through what is called smart switches triggered by the detection of a desirable physical quantity. The concept aims to reduce the complexity of systems that rely on controllers and complex algorithms to realize on-demand trigger actions. In the first part of the talk, we discuss the category of switches triggered by the detection of gas. Toward this, electrostatically microbeams resonators are fabricated, then coated with highly absorbent polymers (MOFs), and afterward are exposed to gases. Such devices can be useful for instant alarming of toxic gases. In the second part, we demonstrate switches triggered by shock and acceleration. The concept is demonstrated on a millimeter-scale capacitive sensor. The sensor is tested using acceleration generated from shakers. Such devices can be used for the deployment of airbags in automobiles.
The Importance of Decarbonylation Mechanisms in the Atomic Layer Deposition of High-Quality Ru Films by Zero-Oxidation State Ru(DMBD)(CO)3 (2021)

Achieving facile nucleation of noble metal films through atomic layer deposition (ALD) is extremely challenging. To this end, η4-2,3-dimethylbutadiene ruthenium tricarbonyl (Ru(DMBD)(CO)3), a zero-valent complex, has recently been reported to achieve good nucleation by ALD at relatively low temperatures and mild reaction conditions. We study the growth mechanism of this precursor by in situ quartz-crystal microbalance and quadrupole mass spectrometry during Ru ALD, complemented by ex situ film characterization and kinetic modeling. These studies reveal that Ru(DMBD)(CO)3 produces high-quality Ru films with excellent nucleation properties. This results in smooth, coalesced films even at low film thicknesses, all important traits for device applications. However, Ru deposition follows a kinetically limited decarbonylation reaction scheme, akin to typical CVD processes, with a strong dependence on both temperature and reaction timescale. The non-self-limiting nature of the kinetically driven mechanism presents both challenges for ALD implementation and opportunities for process tuning. By surveying reports of similar precursors, we suggest that the findings can be generalized to the broader class of zero-oxidation state carbonyl-based precursors used in thermal ALD, with insight into the design of effective saturation studies.
Correlation Levels for Measured Indoor 21.5 GHz Channels With a User-Held Handset (2022)

Adaptive beamforming (BF) is essential when mm-wave bands are utilized for mobile communications, where it is important that the channel experienced when BF is applied is as similar as possible to the estimated channel. This work investigates the similarity of the channel at different time-instants using estimates of auto-correlation functions for the instantaneous channel coefficients, based on 21.5 GHz measurements with a smartphone-like mock-up in different indoor corridor scenarios, with and without a user holding the mock-up. The correlation is found to be relatively independent of the location and orientation, with a reduced correlation with a person present. Further, BF is studied based on the 7-element handheld array with a 8.8-24.6 dB gain found for the 1st amplitude percentile obtained with ideal channel state information (CSI). Non-ideal CSI typically reduces both the correlation and the BF gain.
POWERTRAIN CONTROL USING OBSERVERS TO ESTIMATE UNMEASURED QUANTITIES (1983)

A minimum-order observer was designed and applied to the problem of shift quality control of an automotive powertrain. The efficiency of the observer was demonstrated through computer simulations of linear and nonlinear powertrain models.