gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycoconjugates and methods (2011)

Methods for making the functionalized glycoconjugates include (a) contacting a cell with a first monosaccharide, and (b) incubating the cell under conditions whereby the cell (i) internalizes the first monosaccharide, (ii) biochemically processes the first monosaccharide into a second saccharide, (iii) conjugates the saccharide to a carrier to form a glycoconjugate, and (iv) extracellularly expresses the glycoconjugate to form an extracellular glycoconjugate comprising a selectively reactive functional group. Methods for forming products at a cell further comprise contacting the functional group of the extracellularly expressed glycoconjugate with an agent which selectively reacts with the functional group to form a product. Subject compositions include cyto-compatible monosaccharides comprising a nitrogen or ether linked functional group selectively reactive at a cell surface and compositions and cells comprising such saccharides.
2P2-O11 Development of Calligraphy Skill Experience System Which Can Display Motion of Arm and Force Sense for Brush(Sense, Motion and Measurement) (2011)

A field is the best opportunity in a skill training. Watching a skilled worker is necessary to get the skill. But, there is the information which isn't transmitted only watching such as force and tactile sense. Using the recorded data, a master's motion or force sense can present to a apprentice separately. In this study, combining a skill measurement system and a skill presentation system, we develop a skill experience system which can present both force sense and position in the field. In this paper, we describe overview of the calligraphy skill experience system which can display motion of arm arid force sense for brush. We also show the results of some basic skill experience experiments.
Analysis of the design space of single-stage and two-stage LC output filters of switched-mode AC power sources (2012)

This paper proposes a systematic approach to design the output filter of a 10 kW, low-voltage 400 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ll,rms</sub> , fouroutput phase, hard-switched AC source based on the Three-Level Neutral Point Clamped Voltage Source Converter topology. Given specifications of the AC source, such as the voltage quality, the control performance or the conducted EMI at the output of the source, are translated into corresponding families of curves in the parameter space of the output filter. The area/volume enclosed by these curves represents the design space of the output filter in which all tuples (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> , C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</sub> ), e.g. for a single-stage LC-filter, fulfill every single AC source specification. From all possible filter parameters in the design space, the set of parameters resulting in the smallest filter volume, the lowest filter weight, the highest filter efficiency and/or the lowest filter costs can be selected.
Electro-migration behavior of Pb-free Flip Chip Bumps (2006)

Most reliability studies, carried out for characterising new Pb-free solder material, put main focus on the thermal-mechanical behaviour of the solder joints. However, it is seen that electro-migration has a big impact on the intermetallic formation between the pad finish (UBM) and the solder material. Electro-migration therefore has a strong impact on the stability and reliability of the joint. A special test structure for flip chip electro-migration has been developed and applied to a CuNiAu – Sn – CuNiAu solder joint. This novel test structure not only monitors the resistance change of the whole bump stack but also allows separating resistance changes at each side (anodic and cathodic) of the bump. It is noticed that at the cathodic UBM, which is the UBM where the electrons enter the solder joint, the UBM consumption is significantly faster than at the anodic side or at a thermal reference bump. It also results in void formation at the cathode which leads to an accelerated failure.
Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of Fas Ligand Induces Hepatic Apoptosis after Systemic Administration and Apoptosis of Ex Vivo -Infected Pancreatic Islet Allografts and Isografts (1997)

Fas ligand (FasL) mediates apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells and is expressed on a limited number of tissues, predominantly activated T lymphocytes. We describe the construction and biological activity of a replication-deficient type-5 adenovirus encoding murine FasL under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (adCMV-FasL). In vitro, Jurkat cells undergo apoptosis when co-incubated with adCMV-FasL-infected COS cells. Systemic administration of adCMV-FasL to Wistar rats or DBA/2J mice results in widespread hepatic apoptosis and death in a dose-dependent manner within 72 hr, an effect not seen in lpr mice, or animals administered equivalent doses of adCMV-beta gal. Murine pancreatic islets also undergo apoptosis when infected ex vivo with adCMV-FasL, resulting in uniform primary nonfunction when transplanted into syngeneic or allogeneic diabetic recipients. These results indicate that adCMV-FasL is a potentially useful tool to study Fas/FasL biology.
Growth of NdBaCuO Superconducting Thin Films Using Mist Microwave-Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition with Dual Sources (1997)

NdBaCuO superconducting thin films have been successfully prepared for the first time using mist microwave-plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) with dual sources. The deposited films showed only the (00 l ) peaks of NdBaCuO. The growth rate and T c-zero (zero resistance) of the deposited films were 1.0 µ m/h and 82.6 K, respectively. It was found that NdBaCuO superconducting thin films grew in a wide range of input molar ratio of oxygen compared to the preparation of Y-system, Bi-system and Tl-system superconducting thin films by mist MPCVD.
Upregulation of intratumoral HLA class I and peritumoral Mx1 in ulcerated melanomas (2019)

Before the era of immune checkpoint blockade, a meta-analysis encompassing fifteen trials reported that adjuvant IFN-α significantly reduces the risk of relapse and improves survival of ulcerated melanoma (UM) with no benefit for higher doses compared to lower doses. IFNa2b affects many cell intrinsic features of tumor cells and modulates the host innate and cognate immune responses. To better understand the biological traits associated with ulceration that could explain the efficacy of prophylactic type 1 IFN, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of various molecules (major histocompatibility complex class I and class II, MX Dynamin Like GTPase 1 (MX1), inducible Nitric-Oxide Synthase (iNOS) or CD47) in two retrospective cohorts of melanoma patients, one diagnosed with a primary cutaneous melanoma (1995-2013, N = 172, among whom 49% were ulcerated melanoma (UM)) and a second one diagnosed with metastatic melanoma amenable to lymph node resection (EORTC 18952 and 18991 trials, N = 98, among whom 44% were UM). We found that primary and metastatic UM exhibit higher basal expression of MHC class I molecules, independently of Breslow thickness, histology and lymphocytic infiltration compared with NUM and that primary UM harbored higher constitutive levels of the antiviral protein Mx1 at the border of tumor beds than NUM. These findings suggest that UM expand in a tumor microenvironment where chronic exposure to type 1 IFN could favor a response to exogenous IFNs.
Substrate Requirements for Duplex DNA Translocation by the Eukaryal and Archaeal Minichromosome Maintenance Helicases (2003)

Replicative DNA helicases are ring-shaped hexamers that play an essential role in DNA synthesis by separating the two strands of chromosomal DNA to provide the single-stranded (ss) substrate for replicative polymerases. Biochemical and structural studies suggest that these helicases translocate along one strand of the duplex, which passes through and interacts with the central channel of these ring-shaped hexamers, and displace the complementary strand. A number of these helicases were shown to also encircle both strands simultaneously and then translocate along double-stranded (ds)DNA. In this report it is shown that the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mcm4,6,7 complex and archaeal minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase from Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus move along duplex DNA. These two helicases, however, differ in the substrate required to support dsDNA translocation. Although the S. pombe Mcm4,6,7 complex required a 3'-overhang ssDNA region to initiate its association with the duplex, the archaeal protein initiated its transit along dsDNA in the absence of a 3'-overhang region, as well. Furthermore, DNA substrates containing a streptavidin-biotin steric block inhibited the movement of the eukaryotic helicase along ss and dsDNAs but not of the archaeal enzyme. The M. thermautotrophicus MCM helicase, however, was shown to displace a streptavidin-biotin complex from ss, as well as dsDNAs. The possible roles of dsDNA translocation by the MCM proteins during the initiation and elongation phases of chromosomal replication are discussed.
Effect of Uniaxial Strain on the Drain Current of a Heterojunction Tunneling Field-Effect Transistor (2011)

The electrical characteristics of a heterojunction tunneling field-effect transistor (HETT), with a p-type Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.75</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.25</sub> source, have been measured as a function of strain. HETTs with channel transport and applied strain both in the [110] direction show a smooth monotonic change in drain current over a range of 0.09% compressive to 0.13% tensile strain. A measure γ = (d/d ln J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> )(d ln J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> /ds) | <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s=0</sub> of the effect of strain s on tunneling current J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> is proposed, which captures the dependence of the tunneling exponential argument on strain. An experimental value of γ = -11.7 is extracted for the tensile case and compared to simulation results. We found theoretically that the value and sign of depend sensitively on the built-in strain at the Si-SiGe interface.
A Comparative Study of Film Properties of Chemical Vapor Deposited TiN Films as Diffusion Barriers for Cu Metallization (1999)

The diffusion barrier properties of three different kinds of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) TiN films were compared against Cu. TiN(A) film (21 nm) was deposited by the thermal decomposition of a single source of tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium at 400 degrees C. TiN(B) film (19 nm) was prepared by in situ N-2 plasma treatment after every 8 nm growth of TiN(A) film. Finally, TiN(C) film (28 nm) was deposited by the reaction of TiCl4 with NH3 at 630 degrees C. The densities of TiN(A), TiN(B), and TiN(C) films were 2.55, 4.04, and 4.17 g/cm(3), respectively. Both TiN(A) and TiN(B) films showed nanocrystalline microstructure with equiaxed grains, the sizes of which were about 4 and 7 nm, respectively. TiN(C) film showed a columnar grain structure with an average grain size of about 14 nm. Sheet resistance measurements, X-ray diffractometry analyses, and etch-pit test results consistently demonstrated that the barrier performances of TiN(A) and TiN(B) were superior to those of TiN(C). The diffusion barrier properties of CVD TiN films were discussed in view of the density and microstructure of the film. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)07-015-3. All rights reserved.
원저 : 의료지도 내용 분석을 통한 응급의료 지도의사 자격의 효용 및 필요성에 대한 고찰 (2012)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness and necessity of an emergency medical service director program for board certified emergency physicians. Methods: A retrospective analysis of records of direct medical advice provided by board certified emergency physicians in the Busan area from April 1, 2011 to July 11, 2011 was conducted. The medical and legal validity of the medical direction was evaluated by two independent emergency physicians with experience and certification in the field of medical control. Results: Fifteen emergency physicians provided direct medical control during the study period. Five of them were certified as an emergency medical service (EMS) director by the Korean council of EMS physicians (KCEMSP), and the other 10 were not. An analysis of 992 cases of direct medical direction was performed. No differences in the diagnostic appropriateness and medical validity of medical advice were observed between the two groups. A significant difference was observed in legal validity (p=0.048). However, in multivariate analysis, experience as a certified emergency physician was a significant factor determining legal validity (p=0.02), while certification by the KCEMSP was not significant. Conclusion: The current EMS director certification program did not have a significant influence on the appropriateness of direct medical direction. EMS director courses and emergency medicine residency programs are in need of improvement in the legal aspect of prehospital emergency service.
ChemInform Abstract: ACID‐CATALYZED REACTIONS OF N‐ARYLHYDROXYLAMINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH BENZENE. IMINIUM‐BENZENIUM IONS (1981)

Abstract Die N‐Oxide (VIIIa) bzw. (VIIIb) reagieren mit (IIa) zu den Verbindungen (IXa) + (IXb) bzw. (IXa) + (IXc) + (IXd) ‐+ (IXe).
Concise encyclopedia of semiconducting materials & related technologies (1992)

Selected articles. Atomic ordering and phase separation. Bonding theories. Chalcopyrite semiconductors. Characterization of compound semiconductors by etching. Chemical vapor deposition of dielectric and metal films. Connector materials. Defects in epitaxial layers. Defects in silicon: fundamentals. Defects in silicon: processing. Diluted magnetic semiconductors. Dislocations in semiconductors. Electrical laminates. Electronic and optical minerals. Epitaxial metal - semiconductor interfaces. Fine-line lithography. Fine-line metrology. Flip-chip interconnections. Fluorescence properties of materials. Grain boundaries in semiconductors. Growth of semiconductor bulk single crystals. Hydrogen in crystalline semiconductors. Interlevel dielectrics and passivating films. Laser glass. Laser materials. Liquid crystals. Liquid phase epitaxy. Local vibrational mode spectroscopy of semiconductors. Mechanical properties of semiconductors. Molecular beam epitaxy. Multilevel metallization. Organic soft thin-film transistor. Organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. Oxygen in Czochralski silicon. Quantum wells. Quantum wells: intrinsic optical properties. Schottky barriers. Semiconductor heterostructures: formation of defects and their reduction. Silicon carbide. Silicon dioxide: bulk properties. Silicon nitride: bulk properties. Silicon-on-insulator film growth. Silicon: properties and materials specifications. Silicon semiconductor devices and integrated circuit processing. Solid conductors. Sputtering. Stress- and current-induced damage in thin-film conductors. Thermoelectric semiconductors. Transmission electron microscopy of semiconductors.
Synovial fibroblast-neutrophil interactions promote pathogenic adaptive immunity in rheumatoid arthritis (2017)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial joint inflammation and by development of pathogenic humoral and cellular autoimmunity to citrullinated proteins. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a source of citrullinated autoantigens and activate RA synovial fibroblasts (FLS), cells crucial in joint damage. We investigated the molecular mechanisms by which NETs promote proinflammatory phenotypes in FLS, and whether these interactions generate pathogenic anti-citrulline adaptive immune responses. NETs containing citrullinated peptides are internalized by FLS through a RAGE-TLR9 pathway promoting FLS inflammatory phenotype and their upregulation of MHC class II. Once internalized, arthritogenic NET-peptides are loaded into FLS MHC class II and presented to Ag-specific T cells. HLADRB1*0401 transgenic mice immunized with mouse FLS loaded with NETs develop antibodies specific to citrullinated forms of relevant RA autoantigens implicated in RA pathogenesis as well as cartilage damage. These results implicate FLS as mediators in RA pathogenesis, through the internalization and presentation of NET citrullinated peptides to the adaptive immune system leading to pathogenic autoimmunity and cartilage damage.
Tunable Mid-Infrared Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances in Silicon Nanowires (2012)

We observe and systematically tune an intense mid-infrared absorption mode that results from phosphorus doping in silicon nanowires synthesized via the vapor-liquid-solid technique. The angle- and shape-dependence of this spectral feature, as determined via in-situ transmission infrared spectroscopy, supports its assignment as a longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Modulation of resonant frequency (740-1620 cm(-1)) is accomplished by varying nanowire length (135-1160 nm). The observed frequency shift is consistent with Mie-Gans theory, which indicates electrically active dopant concentrations between 10(19) and 10(20) cm(-3). Our findings suggest new opportunities to confine light in this ubiquitous semiconductor and engineer the optical properties of nontraditional plasmonic materials.
Amyloid: Toward terminology clarification Report from the Nomenclature Committee of the International Society of Amyloidosis (2005)

The modern nomenclature of amyloidosis now includes 25 human and 8 animal fibril proteins. To be included in the list, the protein has to be a major fibril protein in extracellular deposits, which have the characteristics of amyloid, including affinity for Congo red with resulting green birefringence. Synthetic fibrils with amyloid properties are best named 'amyloid-like'. With increasing knowledge, however, the borders between different protein aggregates tend to become less sharp.
Data-driven prediction of stem cell expansion cultures (2011)

Stem cell expansion culture aims to generate sufficient number of clinical-grade cells for cell-based therapies. One challenge for ex vivo expansion is to decide the appropriate time to perform subculture. Traditionally, this decision has been reliant on human estimation of cell confluency and predicting when confluency will approach a desired threshold. However, the use of human operators results in highly subjective decision-making and is prone to inter- and intra-operator variability. Using a real-time cell image analysis system, we propose a data-driven approach to model the cell growth process and predict the cell confluency levels, signaling times to subculture. This approach has great potential as a tool for adaptive real-time control of subculturing, and it can be integrated with robotic cell culture systems to achieve complete automation.
The sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma cells to interferon alpha correlates with p53-induction and involves Bax. (2005)

Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) is an approved treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The underlying mechanisms are far from being clear, but are presumed to be a combination of stimulation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, direct antiproliferative activity and antiangiogenic effects. Recently, the role of p53 in the cellular response to IFN-alpha has been proposed in other tumor models (hepatoblastoma). We therefore studied the expression of p53 during IFN-alpha treatment using two freshly established RCC cell lines RCC5 and RCC7. While IFN-alpha treatment significantly enhanced the expression of p53 in RCC7, no changes were observed in RCC5. Cell viability under IFN-alpha remained unchanged in both cell lines. Following gamma-irradiation, a p53-activating stimulus, an enhanced cell death was observed in IFN-alpha-treated RCC7 but not in RCC5. We further demonstrate that there were no changes in Bcl-2- and Bax-expression, two target genes regulated by p53. However, intracellular staining revealed that cell death induced by IFN-alpha and gamma-irradiation was preceded by a shift of Bax to the mitochondria in RCC7. Our results suggest a role of p53 and its downstream target Bax, in the control of RCC sensitivity to IFN-alpha.
Synthetic access to α-substituted prop-2-ynylamines and α-acetylenic amino acids via the t-butyl N-trimethylsilylprop-2-ynylcarbamate dianion (1979)

B. W. Metcalf and P. Casara, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1979, 119 DOI: 10.1039/C39790000119
Acetamide Scanning around Bicyclic Thiazoles: SAR at the H3 Receptor (2011)

A surprisingly homogeneous SAR against the H3 receptor was revealed for positional acetamide isomers of bicyclic thiazoles fused to various cyclic amines. Pyrroline and azepine rings were used to probe the central position of the amide. In vitro ADMET parameters were measured, and the isomer with the best overall properties was assessed in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Deschlorocallipeltoside A. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the dynamic order of structured Escherichia coli growth models (1987)

Reliable dynamic descriptions of cellular growth are important for many practical applications including bioreactor design and control. A chemically structured growth model of Escherichia coli has been formulated and herein we focus on finding the essential dynamic order of the metabolic part of this model. Standard linear analysis is applied and the main finding is that the model contains three essential modes of motion over the time scale of growth. The doubling time is successfully predicted from an unstable growth motion and the metabolite composition of the three modes of motion suggests that only a three pool metabolic model is necessary. The three pools correspond to important groups of macromolecules; protein, nucleic acids and cell wall constituents.