gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Parallel Verification via Complementary Property Partitioning and Strategy Exploration (2020)

Industrial hardware verification tasks often require checking a large number of properties within a testbench. Verification tools often utilize parallelism in their solving orchestration to improve scalability, either in portfolio mode where different solver strategies run concurrently, or in partitioning mode where disjoint property subsets are verified independently. While most tools focus solely upon reducing end-to-end walltime, reducing overall CPU-time is a comparably-important goal influencing power consumption, competition for available machines, and IT costs. Portfolio approaches often degrade into highly-redundant work across processes, where similar strategies address properties in nearly-identical order. Partitioning should take property affinity into account, atomically verifying high-affinity properties to minimize redundant work of applying identical strategies on individual properties with nearly-identical logic cones. In this paper, we improve multi-property parallel verification with respect to both wall- and CPU-time. We extend affinity-based partitioning to guarantee complete utilization of available processes, with provable partition quality. We propose methods to minimize redundant computation, and dynamically optimize work distribution. We deploy our techniques in a sequential redundancy removal framework, using localization to solve non-inductive properties. Our techniques offer a median 2.4× speedup yielding 18.1% more property solves, as demonstrated by extensive experiments.
Market Institutions and Price Discovery (2001)

This outstanding collection spanning three decades comprises a superb selection of Charles R. Plott's work in experimental economics. Market Institutions and Price Discovery contains papers which define problems, create laboratory methodology and produce the first results in many areas of experimental economics.
Chiralität nur im angeregten Zustand (1988)

meso ‐Diketone, in denen nur eine Carbonylgruppe elektronisch angeregt ist, müßten chiral sein . Auf dieser Überlegung basierte der Ansatz zur Synthese des ersten derartigen Moleküls. Aus dem optisch aktiven Dioxetan 1 (ee ca. 69%) wurde das angeregte Adamantandion 2 erhalten, dessen optische Aktivität jedoch experimentell nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte, denn die große räumliche Nähe der Carbonylgruppen ermöglicht eine sehr rasche Racemisierung im angeregten Zustand. magnified image
Immune modulation property of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 (ST11) strain and impact on skin defences (2013)

The gut intestinal tract harbours a complex microbiota. Disturbances in the microbiota composition have been associated with several immune dysfunctions such as inflammatory diseases. Specific strains of probiotics have shown to beneficially influence the composition and/or metabolic activity of the endogenous microbiota. Taking advantage of the plasticity of the immune system, the probiotic strain NCC2461 (i.e. ST11 or CNCM I-2116) supports and/or restores homeostasis in reaction to different physiopathological conditions. The potential of NCC2461 to modulate both mucosal and systemic immune functions led us to test its impact on skin physiology. Even though clear mechanisms explaining gut-skin interaction are still lacking, a set of experimental and clinical data reviewed herein have shown that NCC2461 exerts its effects beyond the gut and confers benefits at the skin level. It contributes to the reinforcement of skin barrier function, decreases skin sensitivity and modulates the skin immune system leading to the preservation of skin homeostasis.
Attractive Design: An Elution Solvent Optimization Platform for Magnetic-Bead-based Fractionation Using Digital Microfluidics and Design of Experiments (2015)

There is great interest in the development of integrated tools allowing for miniaturized sample processing, including solid phase extraction (SPE). We introduce a new format for microfluidic SPE relying on C18-functionalized magnetic beads that can be manipulated in droplets in a digital microfluidic platform. This format provides the opportunity to tune the amount (and potentially the type) of stationary phase on-the-fly, and allows the removal of beads after the extraction (to enable other operations in same device-space), maintaining device reconfigurability. Using the new method, we employed a design of experiments (DOE) operation to enable automated on-chip optimization of elution solvent composition for reversed phase SPE of a model system. Further, conditions were selected to enable on-chip fractionation of multiple analytes. Finally, the method was demonstrated to be useful for online cleanup of extracts from dried blood spot (DBS) samples. We anticipate this combination of features will prove useful for separating a wide range of analytes, from small molecules to peptides, from complex matrices.
Image tagging and search (2010)

Social computing sites constitute a valuable source of user-generated content for user modeling. Whereas user generated content and the mining of such content are well studied, little attention has been given in the literature to modeling the relationship between users' personal information and content. Here we analyze the relation of user gender to the choice of tags to describe a photo. A large user sample is examined to produce gender-related tagging vocabularies and tag representations. 1000 salient tags' male and female representations are compared and results indicate that there are important differences between gender based term choices in a large majority of cases. To test the influence of gender on retrieval, we built a gender sensitive image search prototype and tested it, using a survey. Results show that around two thirds of participants tend to prefer image search results obtained using tag representations of their own gender and that a third of participants have a clear preference for their own gender's results.
MicroRNA sequencing of rat hippocampus and human biofluids identifies acute, chronic, focal and diffuse traumatic brain injuries (2020)

High-throughput sequencing technologies could improve diagnosis and classification of TBI subgroups. Because recent studies showed that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as noninvasive markers of TBI, we performed miRNA-seq to study TBI-induced changes in rat hippocampal miRNAs up to one year post-injury. We used miRNA PCR arrays to interrogate differences in serum miRNAs using two rat models of TBI (controlled cortical impact [CCI] and fluid percussion injury [FPI]). The translational potential of our results was evaluated by miRNA-seq analysis of human control and TBI (acute and chronic) serum samples. Bioinformatic analyses were performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, miRDB, and Qlucore Omics Explorer. Rat miRNA profiles identified TBI across all acute and chronic intervals. Rat CCI and FPI displayed distinct serum miRNA profiles. Human miRNA profiles identified TBI across all acute and chronic time points and, at 24 hours, discriminated between focal and diffuse injuries. In both species, predicted gene targets of differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in neuroplasticity, immune function and neurorestoration. Chronically dysregulated miRNAs (miR-451a, miR-30d-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-204-5p) are linked to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. These data suggest that circulating miRNAs in biofluids can be used as "molecular fingerprints" to identify acute, chronic, focal or diffuse TBI and potentially, presence of neurodegenerative sequelae.
Bootstrap algorithms for dynamic stereo vision (2003)

Summary form only given. The use of stereo vision is significantly simplified by using depth information computed from a narrow-baseline image pair to constrain the search for correspondence in wider-baseline images. Such images can be acquired by using a combination of motion and multiple cameras. This approach has been in terms of random field models and Bayesian estimation. Experimental results have demonstrated the success of the approach. Algorithms that are efficient, produce accurate depth maps, and impose fewer constraint on scene geometry than previous approaches to stereo have been obtained and demonstrated with images of a realistic, outdoor scene model. The algorithms were developed as part of a larger scenario in which small camera motions will be used to bootstrap stereo correspondence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detection of heavy ions using Nb-based superconducting tunnel junction (2001)

The superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) is one of the most promising devices to use as a fast detector for heavy ions. The energy deposited due to the passage of a heavy ion through an STJ forms a region called a hot spot, where the superconductivity of the region is broken. As a result, a reduction of the critical current (I/sub c/) in the STJ occurs. If the bias current exceeds this reduced I/sub c/, the output voltage from the STJ switches from 0 V to its gap voltage, which is recognizable as a signal due to the heavy ion passage. Nb-based STJs were fabricated for this heavy ion detector and an experiment was performed at the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron Facility to investigate the response to heavy ions. Instantaneous switching to the voltage state of the STJ in response to the decrease in I/sub c/ induced by a heavy ion beam was successfully observed by introducing /sup 40/Ar particles with a kinetic energy of 95 MeV/nucleon into the STJ.
Instrumentation and calibration protocol for imaging dynamic features in dense-scattering media by optical tomography (2000)

Instrumentation is described that is suitable for acquiring multisource, multidetector, time-series optical data at high sampling rates (up to 150 Hz) from tissues having arbitrary geometries. The design rationale, calibration protocol, and measured performance features are given for both a currently used, CCD-camera-based instrument and a new silicon-photodiode-based system under construction. Also shown are representative images that we reconstructed from data acquired in laboratory studies using the described CCD-based instrument.
Mitigation of Phase Noise in Massive MIMO Systems: A Rate-Splitting Approach (2017)

This work encompasses Rate-Splitting (RS), providing significant benefits in multi-user settings in the context of huge degrees of freedom promised by massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO). However, the requirement of massive MIMO for cost-efficient implementation makes them more prone to hardware imperfections such as phase noise (PN). As a result, we focus on a realistic broadcast channel with a large number of antennas and hampered by the unavoidable PN. Moreover, we employ the RS transmission strategy, and we show its robustness against PN, since the sum-rate does not saturate at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Although, the analytical results are obtained by means of the deterministic equivalent analysis, they coincide with simulation results even for finite system dimensions.
Phytophthora palmivora establishes tissue-specific intracellular infection structures in the earliest divergent land plant lineage (2017)

ABSTRACT The expansion of plants onto land was a formative event that brought forth profound changes to the Earth’s geochemistry and biota. Filamentous eukaryotic microbes developed the ability to colonize plant tissues early during the evolution of land plants, as demonstrated by intimate symbiosis-like associations in &gt;400 million-year-old fossils. However, the degree to which filamentous microbes establish pathogenic interactions with early divergent land plants is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the broad host-range oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora colonizes liverworts, the earliest divergent land plant lineage. We show that P. palmivora establishes a complex tissue-specific interaction with Marchantia polymorpha , where it completes a full infection cycle within air chambers of the dorsal photosynthetic layer. Remarkably, P. palmivora invaginates M. polymorpha cells with haustoria-like structures that accumulate host cellular trafficking machinery and the membrane-syntaxin MpSYP13B but not the related MpSYP13A. Our results indicate that the intracellular accommodation of filamentous microbes is an ancient plant trait that is successfully exploited by pathogens like P. palmivora .
Deformation study of the PCB during the flip chip assembly process using anisotropically conductive adhesive (ACA) as a bonding agent (2002)

In this work, the finite element method is used to simulate the flip chip assembly process using anisotropically conductive adhesive bonding. Since the structure is complex and consists of composite materials, we first study different models of the PCB substrate, which lead to different results in the numerical calculations. The stress during the assembly process is also discussed. We give preliminary results in optimisation of the stress generated by varying process parameters such as temperature and force.
A Cas9-based toolkit to program gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2016)

Despite the extensive use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a platform for synthetic biology, strain engineering remains slow and laborious. Here, we employ CRISPR/Cas9 technology to build a cloning-free toolkit that addresses commonly encountered obstacles in metabolic engineering, including chromosomal integration locus and promoter selection, as well as protein localization and solubility. The toolkit includes 23 Cas9-sgRNA plasmids, 37 promoters of various strengths and temporal expression profiles, and 10 protein-localization, degradation and solubility tags. We facilitated the use of these parts via a web-based tool, that automates the generation of DNA fragments for integration. Our system builds upon existing gene editing methods in the thoroughness with which the parts are standardized and characterized, the types and number of parts available and the ease with which our methodology can be used to perform genetic edits in yeast. We demonstrated the applicability of this toolkit by optimizing the expression of a challenging but industrially important enzyme, taxadiene synthase (TXS). This approach enabled us to diagnose an issue with TXS solubility, the resolution of which yielded a 25-fold improvement in taxadiene production.
Signal waveform characterization in RLC trees (2003)

Closed form solutions for the 50% delay, rise time, overshoot characteristics, and settling time of signals in an RLC tree are presented. These solutions have the same accuracy characteristics as the Elmore delay for RC trees and preserves the simplicity and recursive characteristics of the Elmore delay. The solutions introduced here cover all damping conditions of an RLC circuit including the underdamped response, which is not considered by the Elmore delay due to the non-monotone nature of the response. Also, the solutions have significantly improved accuracy compared to the Elmore delay for an overdamped response. The solutions introduced here for RLC trees can be practically used for the same application that the Elmore delay is used in RC trees.
Reconstruction-Free Imaging of Kaposi’s Sarcoma Using Multi-Spectral Data (2010)

Multi-spectral imaging was used for Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion follow-up. Reconstruction of blood volume and oxygenation as well as Principal Component Analysis was performed and we demonstrate the relationship between the first principal component and blood.
Third‐generation amphiphilic conetworks. I. Synthesis and swelling behavior of poly(N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide)/polydimethylsiloxane conetworks (2006)

Abstract A strategy has been developed for the synthesis of novel amphiphilic conetworks (APCNs) of poly( N,N ‐dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMAAm) and polydimethyl‐siloxane (PDMS) segments crosslinked with polyhydrosiloxanes. The synthesis proceeds in three steps in one pot (see Figure 2 for reactions and abbreviations): (1) the preparation of a charge containing three components (an asymmetric–telechelic macromonomer, MA‐PDMS‐V, plus two symmetric–telechelic crosslinkers, MA‐PDMS‐MA and V‐PDMS‐V), (2) the free‐radical terpolymerization of N,N ‐dimethyl acrylamide, MA‐PDMS‐V, and MA‐PDMS‐MA into a slightly crosslinked and soluble graft of a PDMAAm backbone carrying‐PDMS‐V branches, and (3) the crosslinking of PDMS branches with polyhydrosiloxanes. The effects of key experimental parameters (e.g., composition, molecular weights, and initiator and crosslinker concentrations) on synthesis details and swelling behavior have been studied. The water uptake/permeability of APCNs is significantly increased by the addition of homo‐PDMAAm to graft charges, crosslinking of the graft, and, after the desirable morphology is stabilized, removing the homo‐PDMAAm by water extraction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 295–307, 2007
Hydriding characteristics of NaMgH2F with preliminary technical and cost evaluation of magnesium-based metal hydride materials for concentrating solar power thermal storage (2014)

An economic assessment is performed on NaMgH<sub>2</sub>F and magnesium-based metal hydrides as heat storage materials for concentrating solar thermal power.
Resistance to cytotoxic drugs in DNA mismatch repair-deficient cells. (1997)

Loss of DNA mismatch repair is a common finding in many types of sporadic human cancers as well as in tumors arising in patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. The effect of the loss of DNA mismatch repair activity on sensitivity to a panel of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents was tested using one pair of cell lines proficient or deficient in mismatch repair due to loss of hMSH2 function and another due to loss of hMLH1 function. 6-Thioguanine and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, to which these cells are known to be resistant, were included in the panel as controls. The results were concordant in both pairs of cells. Loss of either hMSH2 or hMLH1 function was associated with low level resistance to cisplatin, carboplatin, and etoposide, but there was no resistance to melphalan, perfosfamide, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, or paclitaxel. The results are consistent with the concept that the DNA mismatch repair proteins function as a detector for adducts produced by 6-thioguanine, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, cisplatin, and carboplatin but not for melphalan and perfosfamide. They also suggest that these proteins play a role in detecting the DNA damage produced by the binding of etoposide to topoisomerase II and propagating signals that contribute to activation of apoptosis.
Intrafacet migration effects in InGaN∕GaN structures grown on triangular GaN ridges studied by submicron beam x-ray diffraction (2008)

Synchrotron radiation has been utilized for x-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping of InGaN∕GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures grown on the sidewalls of 10-μm-wide triangular GaN ridges with {1−1.1} facets. Samples were produced by lateral overgrowth through a patterned dielectric mask by using metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy. Global MQW strain, period, and the tilt of the (00.1) crystallographic planes have been measured across the sidewall facets using a 240nm x-ray beam. Results of this study are interpreted in terms of suppressed intrafacet migration of In and Ga precursors during the MQW growth.
Compression-based classification of biological sequences and structures via the Universal Similarity Metric: experimental assessment (2007)

UCD and NCD are indistinguishable, i.e., they yield nearly the same values of the statistical indexes we have used, accross experiments and data sets, while CD is almost always worse than both. UPGMA seems to yield better classification results with respect to NJ, i.e., better values of the statistical indexes (10% difference or above), on a substantial fraction of experiments, compressors and USM approximation choices. The compression program PPMd, based on PPM (Prediction by Partial Matching), for generic data and Gencompress for DNA, are the best performers among the compression algorithms we have used, although the difference in performance, as measured by statistical indexes, between them and the other algorithms depends critically on the data set and may not be as large as expected. PPMd used with UCD or NCD and UPGMA, on sequence data is very close, although worse, in performance with the alignment methods (less than 2% difference on the F-measure). Yet, it scales well with data set size and it can work on data other than sequences. In summary, our quantitative analysis naturally complements the rich theory behind USM and supports the conclusion that the methodology is worth using because of its robustness, flexibility, scalability, and competitiveness with existing techniques. In particular, the methodology applies to all biological data in textual format. The software and data sets are available under the GNU GPL at the supplementary material web page.
Scaling, power, and the future of CMOS (2006)

This paper briefly reviews the forces that caused the power problem, the solutions that were applied, and what the solutions tell us about the problem. As systems became more power constrained, optimizing the power became more critical; viewing power reduction from an optimization perspective provides valuable insights. Section III describes these insights in more detail, including why V/sub dd/ and V/sub th/ have stopped scaling. Section IV describes some of the low power techniques that have been used in the past in the context of the optimization framework. This framework also makes it easy to see the impact of variability, which is discussed in more detail in section V along with the adaptive mechanisms that have been proposed and deployed to minimize the energy cost. Section VI describes possible strategies for dealing with the slowdown in gate energy scaling, and the final section concludes by discussing the implications of these strategies for device designers.
Network Mobility Home Network Models (2007)

This paper documents some of the usage patterns and the associated
issues when deploying a Home Network for Network Mobility (NEMO)-
enabled Mobile Routers, conforming to the NEMO Basic Support. The aim
here is specifically to provide some examples of organization of the
Home Network, as they were discussed in NEMO-related mailing lists.
This memo provides information for the Internet community.
Production of a transgenic piglet by a sperm injection technique in which no chemical or physical treatments were used for oocytes or sperm (2006)

As a method of producing transgenic animals, spermatozoa have been used to fertilize mammalian oocytes through natural copulation, artificial insemination (AI), and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Our objective was to produce live piglets expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) by the modified ICSI procedure based on Yong et al. (2003) (Hum. Reprod. 18:2390) where this procedure resulted in an improvement in development in vitro as compared to conventional ICSI and IVF. After injecting frozen-thawed sperm, recovered from the descendant of a transgenic boar derived by oocyte transduction, into in vitro matured oocytes the injected oocytes were surgically transferred into the oviduct of six surrogate gilts. Two gilts (33%) became pregnant. One gave birth to a healthy male piglet. Expression of the eGFP was easily observed in the nose and hooves by direct epifluorescent examination in the newborn piglet. These results show the production of the first viable transgenic piglet by in vitro maturation and our new sperm injection method.