gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semaphorin 3B Inhibits the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway through Neuropilin-1 in Lung and Breast Cancer Cells (2008)

Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B), located at 3p21.3, is a secreted member of the semaphorin family important in axonal guidance. SEMA3B undergoes allele and expression loss in lung and breast cancer and can function as a tumor suppressor. Previously, we found that SEMA3B induces apoptosis in tumor cells either by reexpression or when applied as a soluble ligand. SEMA3B-induced apoptosis was mediated, in part, by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor autocrine activity in tumor cells. In the current study, treatment of lung and breast cancer cells with picomolar concentrations of soluble SEMA3B inhibited their growth; induced apoptosis; and was associated with decreased Akt phosphorylation, increase in cytochrome c release and caspase-3 cleavage, as well as increased phosphorylation of several proapoptotic proteins, including glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, FKHR, and MDM-2. Lung and breast cancer lines resistant to SEMA3B did not show these signaling changes and a tumor-derived missense SEMA3B mutant was inactive in this regard, providing specificity. SEMA3B-mediated inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells were blocked by expressing a constitutively active Akt mutant and are linked to tumor cell expression of neuropilin-1 (Np-1). SEMA3B-insensitive Np-1-negative tumor cells acquired sensitivity to SEMA3B after forced expression of Np-1, whereas SEMA3B-sensitive Np-1-positive tumor cells lost sensitivity to SEMA3B after knockdown of Np-1 by small interfering RNA. We conclude that SEMA3B is a potential tumor suppressor that induces apoptosis in SEMA3B-inactivated tumor cells through the Np-1 receptor by inactivating the Akt signaling pathway. CA118384
Possible Changes in Striatal and Limbic Cholinergic Systems in Schizophrenia (1977)

• Enzymes concerned with neurotransmitter metabolism were measured postmortem in 50 regions from the brains of 11 chronic schizophrenics, 2 patients with senile dementia, 1 depressive, and 18 controls. Enzymes studied were tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, glutamic decarboxylase, choline acetyltransferase (CAT), and acetylcholinesterase. The schizophrenic group had high CAT activities in the hippocampus, caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens; the other patients from the same hospital did not. A compensatory response to long- or short-term drug usage is considered, but correlations are hard to establish in the group studied. An alternative hypothesis proposes that the high levels are a compensatory response to defective cholinergic receptors in the affected areas. On this hypothesis, and by analogy with chorea, dopaminergic antagonists would act in schizophrenia by helping to reestablish cholinergic-dopaminergic balance.
Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors: Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductor of Perovskite LixLayMO3−δ toward Carbon‐Free Cathode for Reversible Lithium–Air Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 38/2020) (2020)

In article number 2001767, Dong-Hwa Seo and co-workers develop a new class of mixed ionic–electronic conductors (MIECs) for a carbon-free cathode (no liquid electrolyte) of a Li-air cell by combining first-principles calculations and experiments. The synthesized perovskite MIECs have both high electronic and lithium-ionic conductivities. The Li-air cell with an MIEC cathode delivers superior reversibility while avoiding the degradation associated with carbonaceous materials.
Current-Limiting Fuses: New NFPA 70-2017 Section 240.67, Arc Modeling, and an Assessment Based on the IEEE 1584-2002 (2016)

When operating in current-limiting mode, current-limiting fuses can effectively mitigate the heat and pressure hazards associated with an arc event because they limit the current in the first one-quarter cycle and interrupt current flow in less than 8.3 ms. The effectiveness of current-limiting fuses is reinforced by their inclusion in NFPA 70E-2015: Note to Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(b), Annex D.4.6, and Annex O.2.4(4). The incident energy levels associated with current-limiting fuses can be determined from the IEEE Standard 1584-2002, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations. IEEE 1584-2002 presents a method for directly determining incident energy without first determining arc current or arc duration. The fuse equations were derived from 600-V arc tests involving a range of current-limiting fuse sizes. These data are reviewed to assess the performance of current-limiting fuses in reducing arc energy in accordance with NFPA 70-2017 Section 240.67. The IEEE 1584-2002 equations are used to assess the performance of these fuses in comparison with an arc energy reduction maintenance switch and the combination of both technologies. The viability of predicting arc current and incident energy for installations involving current-limiting fuses and implementing NEC Section 240.67 using general arc models is discussed.
Supplementary Table 2 from Reprogramming Tumor-Infiltrating Dendritic Cells for CD103<sup>+</sup>CD8<sup>+</sup> Mucosal T-cell Differentiation and Breast Cancer Rejection (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 35K, Breast cancer cell lines were characterized which were based on original tissue, histopathological diagnosis and the receptor status (progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, Her-2 and Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptor).&lt;/p&gt;
Electron Microscopy Characterization of P3 Lines and Laser Scribing-Induced Perovskite Decomposition in Perovskite Solar Modules (2019)

Hybrid metal halide perovskites have emerged as a potential photovoltaic material for low-cost thin film solar cells due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, high efficiencies obtained with lab-scale cells are difficult to replicate in large modules. The upscaling process requires careful optimization of multiple steps, such as laser scribing, which divides a module into serially connected cells using a pulsed laser beam. In this work, we characterize the effect of laser scribing on the perovskite layer adjacent to a P3 scribe line using analytical scanning and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy techniques. We demonstrate that lateral flow of residual thermal energy from picosecond laser pulses decomposes the perovskite layer over extended length scales. We propose that the exact nature of the change in perovskite composition is determined by the presence of preexisting PbI<sub>2</sub> grains and hence by the original perovskite formation reaction. Furthermore, we show that along the P3 lines, the indium tin oxide contact is also damaged by high-fluence pulses. Our results provide a deeper understanding on the interaction between laser pulses and perovskite solar modules, highlighting the need to minimize material damage by careful tuning of both laser parameters and the device fabrication procedure.
On the estimation of magnetotelluric response functions using the singular value decomposition (1984)

Rigorous methods for computing magnetotelluric response function estimates and their variances from electromagnetic field measurements using the singular value decomposition (SVD) are presented. The relative noise level between the electric and magnetic field components is treated as a free variable, and is shown profoundly to affect both the response function estimates and their variances. In general, the variances decrease to a minimum as the field components share noise more equally. A statistical parameter for checking the validity of the usual magnetotelluric assumptions (two-dimensional conductivity structure and homogeneous source fields) as a function of frequency is developed and applied to the estimation of the ratio of electric and magnetic field noise in data.
Phase transitions as intermediate steps in the formation of molecularly engineered protein fibers (2018)

A central concept in molecular bioscience is how structure formation at different length scales is achieved. Here we use spider silk protein as a model to design new recombinant proteins that assemble into fibers. We made proteins with a three-block architecture with folded globular domains at each terminus of a truncated repetitive silk sequence. Aqueous solutions of these engineered proteins undergo liquid-liquid phase separation as an essential pre-assembly step before fibers can form by drawing in air. We show that two different forms of phase separation occur depending on solution conditions, but only one form leads to fiber assembly. Structural variants with one-block or two-block architectures do not lead to fibers. Fibers show strong adhesion to surfaces and self-fusing properties when placed into contact with each other. Our results show a link between protein architecture and phase separation behavior suggesting a general approach for understanding protein assembly from dilute solutions into functional structures.
Submicrometer tomography of cells by multiple-wavelength digital holographic microscopy in reflection (2009)

We present first results on a method enabling mechanical scanning-free tomography with submicrometer axial resolution by multiple-wavelength digital holographic microscopy. By sequentially acquiring reflection holograms and summing 20 wavefronts equally spaced in spatial frequency in the 485-670 nm range, we are able to achieve a slice-by-slice tomographic reconstruction with a 0.6-1 microm axial resolution in a biological medium. The method is applied to erythrocytes investigation to retrieve the cellular membrane profile in three dimensions.
An Unprecedented Approach to the Single‐Step Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused Pyrimidin‐2‐one and Pyrimidin‐2‐thione Derivatives by a [3+2+1] Annulation (2009)

Abstract An unprecedented three‐component coupling reaction was developed for the synthesis of 3,4‐fused pyrimidin‐2‐one and pyrimidin‐2‐thione derivatives from an α‐acidic imine compound, a nitrile, and triphosgene or carbon disulfide. This method can be used to easily prepare a variety of pyrimidines from commercially available reagents in a single step. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Mesoscale Modeling of Bimodal Elastomer Networks:  Constitutive and Optical Theories and Results (2002)

A new micromechanics-based constitutive model for the nonlinear large deformation stress and birefringence responses of bimodal elastomer networks is developed. The elastic constitutive law is derived using the analytical rubrics of composite mechanics, which results in a straightforward implementation in contrast to previous bimodal theories. The model requires fewer adjustable parameters than most existing theories and, given a single set of parameters, is predictive over a wide range of bimodal compositions. Nonaffine deformation of short vs long chains is achieved with the model by satisfying equilibrium, compatibility, and the chain constitutive laws during deformation. The model is shown to agree well with data in the literature for both tensile stress and tensile stress−optic tests on specimens of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) cross-linked from linear starting oligomers of various molecular weights. Several mixtures of eight different molecular weight combinations were examined. The model is also examined against our own data on PDMS in uniaxial compression and was shown to also predict that series of data well. Deviations of the model from the literature data are seen in bimodal mixtures which form microstructures that are believed to deviate from the proposed microcomposite arrangement. The model provides a framework for generating a constitutive theory capable of incorporating microstructural changes based solely on changes in composition.
Discovery of N-Substituted (2-Phenylcyclopropyl)methylamines as Functionally Selective Serotonin 2C Receptor Agonists for Potential Use as Antipsychotic Medications (2017)

A series of N-substituted (2-phenylcyclopropyl)methylamines were designed and synthesized, with the aim of finding serotonin 2C (5-HT<sub>2C</sub>)-selective agonists with a preference for G<sub>q</sub> signaling. A number of these compounds exhibit 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> selectivity with a preference for G<sub>q</sub>-mediated signaling compared with β-arrestin recruitment. Furthermore, the N-methyl compound (+)-15a, which displayed an EC<sub>50</sub> of 23 nM in the calcium flux assay while showing no β-arrestin recruitment activity, is the most functionally selective 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> agonist reported to date. The N-benzyl compound (+)-19, which showed an EC<sub>50</sub> of 24 nM at the 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor, is fully selective over the 5-HT<sub>2B</sub> receptor. In an amphetamine-induced hyperactivity model, compound (+)-19 showed significant antipsychotic-drug-like activity. These novel compounds shed light on the role of functional selectivity at the 5-HT<sub>2C</sub> receptor with respect to antipsychotic activity.
InGaN/GaN based LEDs with electroluminescence in violet, blue, and green tuned by epitaxial growth temperature (2006)

In this work, we present a full set of InGaN LEDs based on a single optimal InGaN/GaN quantum design with emission wavelengths spanning from green to blue to violet by tuning the active layer growth temperature to precisely control InN incorporation into the quantum structures
Expected accuracy of proximal and distal temperature estimated by wireless sensors, in relation to their number and position on the skin (2017)

A popular method to estimate proximal/distal temperature (TPROX and TDIST) consists in calculating a weighted average of nine wireless sensors placed on pre-defined skin locations. Specifically, TPROX is derived from five sensors placed on the infra-clavicular and mid-thigh area (left and right) and abdomen, and TDIST from four sensors located on the hands and feet. In clinical practice, the loss/removal of one or more sensors is a common occurrence, but limited information is available on how this affects the accuracy of temperature estimates. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of temperature estimates in relation to number/position of sensors removed. Thirteen healthy subjects wore all nine sensors for 24 hours and reference TPROX and TDIST time-courses were calculated using all sensors. Then, all possible combinations of reduced subsets of sensors were simulated and suitable weights for each sensor calculated. The accuracy of TPROX and TDIST estimates resulting from the reduced subsets of sensors, compared to reference values, was assessed by the mean squared error, the mean absolute error (MAE), the cross-validation error and the 25th and 75th percentiles of the reconstruction error. Tables of the accuracy and sensor weights for all possible combinations of sensors are provided. For instance, in relation to TPROX, a subset of three sensors placed in any combination of three non-homologous areas (abdominal, right or left infra-clavicular, right or left mid-thigh) produced an error of 0.13°C MAE, while the loss/removal of the abdominal sensor resulted in an error of 0.25°C MAE, with the greater impact on the quality of the reconstruction. This information may help researchers/clinicians: i) evaluate the expected goodness of their TPROX and TDIST estimates based on the number of available sensors; ii) select the most appropriate subset of sensors, depending on goals and operational constraints.
Proteomic Differences in the Hippocampus and Cortex of Epilepsy Brain Tissue (2020)

Abstract Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting over 70 million people worldwide, with a high rate of pharmaco-resistance, diverse comorbidities including progressive cognitive and behavioral disorders, and increased mortality from direct (e.g., Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy [SUDEP], accidents, drowning) or indirect effects of seizures and therapies. Extensive research with animal models and human studies provides limited insights into the mechanisms underlying seizures and epileptogenesis, and these have not translated into significant reductions in pharmaco-resistance, morbidities or mortality. To help define changes in molecular signaling networks associated with epilepsy, we examined the proteome of brain samples from epilepsy and control cases. Label-free quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) was performed on the hippocampal CA1-3 region, frontal cortex, and dentate gyrus microdissected from epilepsy and control cases (n=14/group). Epilepsy cases had significant differences in the expression of 777 proteins in the hippocampal CA1-3 region, 296 proteins in the frontal cortex, and 49 proteins in the dentate gyrus in comparison to control cases. Network analysis showed that proteins involved in protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, G-protein signaling, and synaptic plasticity were particularly altered in epilepsy. While protein differences were most pronounced in the hippocampus, similar changes were observed in other brain regions indicating broad proteomic abnormalities in epilepsy. Among the most significantly altered proteins, G-protein Subunit Beta 1 (GNB1) was one of the most significantly decreased proteins in epilepsy in all regions studied, highlighting the importance of G-protein subunit signaling and G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) in epilepsy. Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy, which may allow for novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
Adrenal GIPR expression and chromosome 19q13 microduplications in GIP-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (2017)

GIP-dependent Cushing's syndrome is caused by ectopic expression of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) in cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas or in bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasias. Molecular mechanisms leading to ectopic GIPR expression in adrenal tissue are not known. Here we performed molecular analyses on adrenocortical adenomas and bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasias obtained from 14 patients with GIP-dependent adrenal Cushing's syndrome and one patient with GIP-dependent aldosteronism. GIPR expression in all adenoma and hyperplasia samples occurred through transcriptional activation of a single allele of the GIPR gene. While no abnormality was detected in proximal GIPR promoter methylation, we identified somatic duplications in chromosome region 19q13.32 containing the GIPR locus in the adrenocortical lesions derived from 3 patients. In 2 adenoma samples, the duplicated 19q13.32 region was rearranged with other chromosome regions, whereas a single tissue sample with hyperplasia had a 19q duplication only. We demonstrated that juxtaposition with cis-acting regulatory sequences such as glucocorticoid response elements in the newly identified genomic environment drives abnormal expression of the translocated GIPR allele in adenoma cells. Altogether, our results provide insight into the molecular pathogenesis of GIP-dependent Cushing's syndrome, occurring through monoallelic transcriptional activation of GIPR driven in some adrenal lesions by structural variations.
Insulating phase of a two-dimensional electron gas in MgxZn1−xO/ZnO heterostructures belowν=13 (2011)

We report magnetotransport properties of a two-dimensional electron gas confined at MgZnO/ZnO heterointerface in a high magnetic field up to 26 T. High electron mobility and low charge carrier density enabled the observation of the fractional quantum Hall state \ensuremath{\nu} $=$ 1/3. For an even lower charge carrier density, we observe a transition from quantum Hall liquid to an insulator below the filling factor 1/3. Because of the large electron effective mass in ZnO, we suggest the MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures to be a prototype system for highly correlated quantum Hall physics.
Combined Acoustic Damping-Cooling System for Operational Flexibility of GT26/GT24 Reheat Combustors (2015)

In the development process of gas turbine combustion chambers, finding countermeasures for thermoacoustically induced pressure pulsations is a major focus. This paper presents a novel system consisting of a multi-layered and multi-functional high frequency damping and cooling structure that is implemented on the sequential burner front panel of the GT26/GT24 gas turbines. The device features multiple single Helmholtz dampers and an advanced convective near wall cooling system to improve the cooling capability and to reduce the cooling mass flow and thereby reducing NOx emissions. The acoustic properties of the dampers and their placement have been defined as function of the identified acoustic mode shapes. The latter is very important since the dampers are designed to counteract screech tones that have acoustic wave lengths of the order of one burner front face width. In order to identify the acoustic mode shapes, multiple dynamics pressure measurements are applied in the full scale engine. The near-wall cooled damping front panel design represents a new technology which has been developed and successfully validated at engine level in fuel gas and oil operation. The restrictions of the stable operating range due to pulsations are completely eliminated resulting in an increase of operational flexibility and lifetime. In addition to a thorough treatment of the damper’s acoustic performance, information on the improved near wall cooling scheme is given in the paper, too.
Rayleigh Backscattering Performance of Carrier Distributed Passive Optical Networks using of OFDM-QAM Signal (2009)

We quantify the performance of OFDM-QAM signal when subjected to the noise produced by the carrier-generated and signal-generated Rayleigh backscattering that are present in the carrier-distributed WDM-PONs.
Atomic Spectrometry Update—Instrumentation (1988)

This review describes developments in all aspects of atomic spectroscopic instrumentation reported in the Atomic Spectrometry Update References in JAAS, Volume 2 (87/638–87/2105) and Volume 3 (88/1–88/769). Thus it follows the review published last year (J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1987, 2, 79R). The full references, names and addresses of authors can be readily found from the Atomic Spectrometry Update References in the relevant issues of JAAS, however, as an additional service to readers an abbreviated form of each literature reference quoted (except for those to Conference Proceedings) is given at the end of the review. Comments as to possible improvements in future reviews are always welcome.
Adaptive Wavelet Transforms via Lifting (1999)

This paper develops new algorithms for adapted multiscale analysis and signal adaptive wavelet transforms. We construct our adaptive transforms with the lifting scheme, which decomposes the wavelet transform into prediction and update stages. We adapt the prediction stage to the signal structure and design the update stage to preserve the desirable properties of the wavelet transform. We incorporate this adaptivity into the redundant and non-redundant transforms; the resulting transforms are scale and spatially adaptive. We study applications to signal estimation; our new transforms show improved denoising performance over existing (non-adaptive) orthogonal transforms. Supported by NSF, grant nos. MIP--9457438 and MIP--9701692, ONR grant no. N00014--95--1--0849, DARPA/AFOSR grant no. F49620-97-1-0513, and Texas Instruments. 1 Introduction The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) provides a very efficient representation for a broad range of real-world signals. This property has been exp...