gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Substituted Germanium and Tin Azides: X‐Ray Crystal Structures of ((Fe(CO)2(cp))2E( N3)2) (cp = η‐C5H5, E = Ge or Sn). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In situ quantification of genomic instability in breast cancer progression (2003)

Genomic instability is a hallmark of breast and other solid cancers. Presumably caused by critical telomere reduction, GI is responsible for providing the genetic diversity required in the multi-step progression of the disease. We have used multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and 3D image analysis to quantify genomic instability cell-by-cell in thick, intact tissue sections of normal breast epithelium, preneoplastic lesions (usual ductal hyperplasia), ductal carcinona is situ or invasive carcinoma of the breast. Our in situ-cell by cell-analysis of genomic instability shows an important increase of genomic instability in the transition from hyperplasia to in situ carcinoma, followed by a reduction of instability in invasive carcinoma. This pattern suggests that the transition from hyperplasia to in situ carcinoma corresponds to telomere crisis and invasive carcinoma is a consequence of telomerase reactivation afertelomere crisis.
Intraspike yield distribution of diverse-tillering spring wheats: Effects of competition (1993)

Three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Neepawa, Siete Cerros and M1417) were subjected to four levels of tiller removal (MS remaining, MS + T1 remaining, MS + T1 + T2 remaining, control) at three plant densities (two, four and eight plants per 15-cm-diameter pot) in a controlled environment to assess the effects of interplant and intraplant competition on the intraspike yield distribution of genotypes with diverse tillering habits. Intraspike yield distribution traits varied significantly (P = 0.01) among genotypes and levels of plant competition. Genotypes did not respond uniformly to interplant or intraplant competition. When interplant competition was increased, the oligoculm genotype, M1417, exhibited a greater reduction in maximum kernels per spikelet (13%) and spikelet yield (36%) than either Siete Cerros (9, 17%) or Neepawa (6, 15%). Similarly, with increasing intraplant competition, M1417 responded by reducing maximum kernels per spikelet (6%) and spikelet yield (9%) whereas Siete Cerros and Neepawa exhibited increases for both traits (3 – 15%). The low-tillering genotypes tended to exhibit a greater sensitivity to competition for maximum spikelet yield or kernel number while Neepawa was more responsive for the rachis node at which yield or kernel number was maximized. Strong developmental dominance of the oligoculm habit appears to reduce plasticity and the ability to respond to competition-induced stress. Key words: Spring wheat, intraspike yield, tiller removal, plant competition
Resveratrol inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in β-amyloid-treated C6 glioma cells (2006)

Resveratrol has been reported to exert a variety of important pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and cancer chemopreventive properties; however, its mechanisms of action are not completely under-stood. beta-amyloid protein is considered to be responsible for the formation of senile plaques that accumulate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of resveratrol on beta-amyloid-induced cytoxicity in cultured rat astroglioma C6 cells. Preincubation of C6 cells with resveratrol concentration-dependently protected the cells from the growth inhibition induced by beta-amyloid treatment. beta-amyloid treatment led to increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression; however, cells pretreated with resveratrol showed a dose-dependent inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression following beta-amyloid treatment. Resveratrol also attenuated beta-amyloid-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, which was associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. Furthermore, beta-amyloid treatment induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, which was suppressed by resveratrol pretreatment. Collectively, the present results indicate that modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity is involved in the neuroprotective action of resveratrol against beta-amyloid-induced toxicity.
fs-lentotomie: changing the accommodation amplitude of presbyopic human lenses by fs laser pulses (2007)

According to Helmholtz' theory of accommodation one of the mayor reasons for the development of presbyopia is the increasing sclerosis of the lens. One concept to overcome this hardening of the lens is to regain its flexibility by inducing gliding planes inside the lens. Femtosecond laser pulses are a suitable tool for this treatment. Showing in former work that we could increase the flexibility of enucleated porcine (ex vivo) lenses up to 25%, we focused our recent work on human autopsy lenses. The age of the human donors ranged between 20 and 70 years. For an evaluation of the gain in flexibility the lens' thickness was measured undertaking the Fisher's spinning test before and after laser treatment. Depending on the age and the quality of applied cutting pattern the lens thickness increased after treatment up to 0.4 mm leading to an theoretical increase of several dioptres of optical power. The flexibility could be increased up to 70 % compared to the measurements before treatment. Since the age of the human donors had a broad range, leading to different degrees of lens hardening, the variance of the measured flexibility changes was up to 30%. An addition the influence of the laser treatment onto the lens on the accommodation amplitude will be shown in a three dimensional finite-element simulation.
Reciprocity Aided CSI Feedback for Massive MIMO (2020)

A potential showstopper for reciprocity-based beamforming is that the uplink SNR often is much smaller than the downlink SNR, making it hard to estimate channels on the uplink. We analyze this problem by considering a "grid-of-beams world" with a finite number of possible channel realizations. We assume that the terminal can accurately detect the channel and we propose a method of improving the channel detection from uplink pilots by designing a mapping between the channel and the pilots. We find a simple metric that is to be minimized to maximize performance. Further, we propose an algorithm that draws pilot sequences from a distribution aimed to minimize the metric. We see that we can come close to optimal performance, which requires long sequences, with significantly shorter sequences.
Adaptive control of multiple product processes (2000)

It is a common practice in today's microelectronics manufacturing facilities to have many different products and processes run on each processing tool. This is caused mainly by the high capital costs associated with the tools and the limited capacity of the facility. A run-to-run controller relies on having a model that is consistent from run to run. When the different processes run on the tool are significantly different, the controller may behave unexpectedly because each change to a new process can appear as a large disturbance. In addition, it may take several successive runs of a given process for the controller to stabilize, but this cannot happen if the processes change too often. Ideally, the controller should be able to determine optimal settings for all processes that must run on the tool, regardless of the order in which they appear. In an adaptive control strategy, an online system identification scheme runs along with the controller and constantly adjusts the model so that it mimics the true behavior of the system. One very difficult task in this situation is determining whether observed errors in the output are due to errors in accounting for tool differences or for product differences. This discussion will outline a scheme for deciding which model parameters are in error and performing the correct model updates.
Design of Next Generation Polymyxins with Lower Toxicity: The Discovery of SPR206 (2019)

Polymyxins are an important class of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections due to multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. However, their clinical utility is limited by nephrotoxicity. Here, we report a series of promising next generation polymyxin nonapeptides identified on the basis of our understanding of the relationship of structure with activity, cytotoxicity, and kidney compartment accumulation. We demonstrate that nonapeptides with an amine-containing N-terminal moiety of specific regio- and stereochemistry possess superior <i>in vitro</i> activity, together with lower cytotoxicity compared to polymyxin B. We further demonstrate that compounds with a β-branched aminobutyrate N-terminus with an aryl substituent offer a promising combination of low cytotoxicity and kidney exposure, leading to low toxicity in the mouse. From this series, SPR206 has been selected as a development candidate.
An Amine-Functionalized Ultramicroporous Metal–Organic Framework for Postcombustion CO2 Capture (2022)

Among the most promising methods by which to capture CO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas, the emission of which has accelerated global warming, is energy-efficient physisorption using metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents. Here, we present a novel cuprous-based ultramicroporous MOF, <b>Cu(adci)-2</b> (adci<sup>-</sup> = 2-amino-4,5-dicyanoimidazolate), which was rationally synthesized by combining two strategies to design MOF physisorbents for enhanced CO<sub>2</sub> capturing, i.e., aromatic amine functionalization and the introduction of ultramicroporosity (pore size <7 Å). Synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and a Rietveld analysis reveal that the <b>Cu(adci)-2</b> structure has one-dimensional square-shaped channels, in each of which all affiliated ligands, specifically NH<sub>2</sub> groups at the 2-position of the imidazolate ring, have the same orientation, with a pair of NH<sub>2</sub> groups therefore facing each other on opposite sides of the channel walls. While <b>Cu(adci)-2</b> exhibits a high CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity (2.01 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> at 298 K and 15 kPa) but a low zero-coverage isosteric heat of adsorption (27.5 kJ mol<sup>-1</sup>), breakthrough experiments under dry and 60% relative humidity conditions show that its CO<sub>2</sub> capture ability is retained even in the presence of high amounts of moisture. In a Monte Carlo simulation and a radial distribution analysis, the preferential CO<sub>2</sub> binding site of <b>Cu(adci)-2</b> was predicted to be between two ligands, forming a sandwich-like structure and implying that its CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption properties originate from the enhancement of Lewis base-acid and London dispersion interactions due to the amino groups and ultramicroporosity, respectively.
The performance of touch screen soft buttons (2009)

The introduction of a new generation of attractive touch screen-based devices raises many basic usability questions whose answers may influence future design and market direction. With a set of current mobile devices, we conducted three experiments focusing on one of the most basic interaction actions on touch screens: the operation of soft buttons. Issues investigated in this set of experiments include: a comparison of soft button and hard button performance; the impact of audio and vibrato-tactile feedback; the impact of different types of touch sensors on use, behavior, and performance; a quantitative comparison of finger and stylus operation; and an assessment of the impact of soft button sizes below the traditional 22 mm recommendation as well as below finger width.
Methodology for Characterization of Common-Mode Conducted Electromagnetic Emissions in Wide-Bandgap Converters for Ungrounded Shipboard Applications (2017)

This paper describes the development of a dedicated electromagnetic interference (EMI) characterization platform for the evaluation of wide bandgap-based converters in ungrounded architectures of the type likely to be employed on the future shipboard systems. This platform is designed to support the characterization of wide-bandgap-based converters operating at switching frequencies of hundreds of kilohertz; with power levels up to 100 kVA and with expected emissions up to 100 MHz. To illustrate the capabilities of this platform, the conducted emissions of a SiC-based half-bridge converter are evaluated (with a focus on common-mode (CM) behavior), and a parametric study is conducted which considers variations in the impedance between the half-bridge module base plate and a representative grounding structure. The focus of this work is not only the half-bridge converter which serves as the preliminary test subject, but also rather the custom metrological setup used for characterization, which is designed to discover sensitivities to resonant paths so that the design guidelines for peripheral structures and EMI mitigating components can be developed in the future studies. One major contribution of this work is the discovery that the symmetry of the parasitic capacitances within the converter's multichip power module is an important factor which significantly influences the CM conducted emissions of the half-bridge structure, which serves as a building block for more complex converter topologies.
Thermochemical Study of the Relative Stability of Dense and Microporous Aluminophosphate Frameworks (1995)

To understand why AlPO_4 exhibits the structural diversity observed, the relative stability of a series of dense and microporous AlPO_4 frameworks, e.g., berlinite, tridymite, cristobalite, AlPO_4-5, -8, -11, -42, and VPI-5, has been examined by the combination of DSC and high-temperature calorimetric experiments with molten lead borate (2PbO*B_2O_3) solvent at 979 K. The enthalpies of formation at 298 K, relative to berlinite (quartz structure), are the following (in kJ/mol): tridymite, 5.1 (1.4); cristobalite, 6.1 (1.2); AlPO_4-5, 14.0 (2.2); AlPO_4-8,113 (1.4); AlPO_4-11,12.4 (1.2); AlPO_4-42, 15.6 (1.9); and VPI-5, 16.7 (2.3). All microporous AlPO_4 frameworks are only 11-17 kJ/mol less stable in enthalpy than berlinite. The calcined and then fully rehydrated microporous AlPO_4's, AlPO_4•nH_2O, show a linear correlation between the degree of hydration (n) and their molar volume. The enthalpy of interaction of adsorbed water with the framework ranges from -11 to -30 kJ/mol of AlPO_4, or -10 to -13 kJ normalized per mole of water. Taking the enthalpy of interaction into account, many of these microporous frameworks are energetically comparable to or more stable than berlinite in an aqueous environment. This may imply that there is little or no energy barrier to the formation of microporous AlPO_4 frameworks and explain the structural diversity observed for AlPO_4. These results are compared to those of a previous study on microporous high-silica zeolites.
Observations on Methionine Transport in Pseudomonas fluorescens UK1 (1974)

SUMMARY: Pseudomonas fluorescens uki absorbed dl-methionine with a Km value of 25μm, optimum temperature 42 to 45°C. dl-Ethionine, S-methyl-l-cysteine, S-ethyl-l-cysteine and α-methyl-dl-methionine inhibited methionine transport competitively, with Ki values of 0·10, 0·35, 0·40 and 0·20 mm respectively. Using lysozyme, EDTA and trypsin, membrane vesicles were prepared from cells grown with methionine. Methionine accumulation in the vesicles was enhanced both by ascorbate-phenazine methosulphate and by several physiological electron donors; the most effective were FAD+malate, malate, succinate or 2-oxoglutarate. Oxidation of succinate, but not of malate, was inhibited by malonate; oxidation of malate was inhibited by azide; FAD did not reverse azide inhibition. Tracer methionine was recovered from the membranes both as the unchanged amino acid and methionine sulphoxide.
Developmental Biology Protocols (2000)

The molecular biology revolution has transformed developmental biology into one of the most exciting and fruitful fields in experimental biomedical research today. In Developmental Biology Protocols, established leaders in this field demonstrate this achievement with a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge protocols for studying and analyzing the events of embryonic development. Drawing on state-of-the-art cellular and molecular techniques, as well as new and sophisticated imaging and information technologies, this 2nd volume of three describes state-of-the-art methods for the study of organogenesis, the analysis of abnormal development and teratology, the screening and mapping of novel genes and mutations, and the application of transgenesis, including the production of transgenic animals and gene knockouts.
Integrating multiple knowledge sources for utterance verification in a large vocabulary speech understanding system (2002)

A set of techniques have been developed for utterance verification (UV) as applied to a large-vocabulary speech understanding system in a telecommunications application. The novel aspect of the UV procedures described in this paper is the integration of acoustic and linguistic knowledge sources for UV and speech recognition. The paper consists of two parts. The first part is an experimental study of the use of acoustic likelihood ratio-based UV techniques to the problem of rejecting portions of a hypothesized word string that, for whatever reason, may have been incorrectly decoded by a large-vocabulary speech recognizer. The second part of the paper describes a procedure for integrating the acoustic-level confidence measures with the statistical language model. UV results are reported in this paper for utterances collected from a highly unconstrained call routing task performed over the telephone network. These techniques are evaluated in terms of their ability to classify utterances into a set of 15 semantic actions corresponding to call types that are accepted by the application.
Transbronchial light illumination for peripheral lung cancer: a numerical feasibility study (2019)

The utility to perform treatment planning for transbronchial light delivery is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Optical properties of pig and human lungs were determined, and dose volume histograms determined. These dose volume histograms indicate for example the minimum photosensitizer specific uptake ratio required to achieve selective tumour destruction.
Response to Comment on Chong et al . on Diabetes Reversal in NOD Mice (2006)

We failed to detect transdifferentiation of spleen cells into β cells following diabetes reversal in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, thus contradicting a key finding of a 2003 report. We respond to Faustman et al . by justifying the use of mouse insulin promoter–green fluorescent protein transgenic mice as an appropriate system for detecting spleen-derived β cells in the islets of cured NOD mice.
Japan International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition. Multimedia Information Highway 'Commerce at Light Speed' Program. Opto-Electronic Technology Research Laboratory (4th) Held in Tokyo, Japan on 24-28 September 1995. (1995)

Abstract : The following is a report of my presentation, observations, discussions and learned information as a consequence of my attending the 4th Japan Society of Material Processing Engineers (SAMPE) and co-chairing a special session of the SAMPE Symposium entitled 'Innovations in Materials Design' and visits to the Optoelectronic Technology Research Laboratory regarding research in the growth of opto-electronic films and Keio University regarding developments in the internet information highway.
Redesigning Spectrum Licenses to Encourage Innovation and Investment (2017)

Commercial radio spectrum use rights in the US are traditionally assigned using licenses over large geographic areas with 10- or 15-year terms, to encourage infrastructure investment. However, such long-term licenses are difficult to reassign as more valuable uses for spectrum arise. Licenses with shorter term limits over smaller areas expedite reassignment of spectrum to innovative entrants, but provide lower incentives for long-term investment. Recent economic theory suggests that this trade-off between protecting long-term investments and enabling valuable, innovative entry can be muted by a new, more efficient "depreciating" license. A promising application is to priority access in the 3.5GHz band, where thousands of licenses are about to be auctioned. Alternatively, carefully redesigning auction rules may offer similar benefits.
New procedure for measuring refractive indices of uniaxial media in the I.R. spectrum (1992)

Refractive index measurements of uniaxial media at wavelengths in the I.R. spectrum are described. The experimental technique makes use of the birefringence to generate interference between the extraordinary and ordinary waves created after an incident plane polarized wave enters the crystal. The use of harmonic generation to convert I.R. radiations to UV-Visible, easy to detect, is novel. The data are compared to previous measurements on uniaxial crystals using other experimental techniques.