gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Solution Properties of Lipidheme-Microsphere (1994)

Triglyceride microsphere emulsified with phospholipid derivative of heme (5,10,15,20-tetrakis[alpha,alpha,alpha,alpha-o-[2,2-dimethyl-20- [2-(trimethylammonioethoxy) phosphonatoxy]eicosanamido]phenyl]porphinatoiron(II); lipidheme) provides a totally synthetic artificial red cell (lipidheme-microsphere; LH-M). Its structure, solution properties and O2 binding ability are described. The particle diameter of the LH-M was ca. 90 nmø elucidated by electron microscopy. Viscosity of the LH-M suspension (approximately 1.5 cP) was much lower than that of human blood and the viscosity of mixed system of LH-M/human blood (1/1(v/v)) was 2.5 cP. Specific gravity, osmotic pressure, and colloid osmotic pressure of the LH-M suspension also satisfied the physiological needs. The LH-M can bind O2 reversibly in response to O2 pressure (P50(O2): 41 torr (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C)). O2 solubility of the LH-M was more than that of human blood caused by its high heme concentration.
Effect of Base on the Facile Hydrothermal Preparation of Highly Active IrOx Oxygen Evolution Catalysts (2019)

The efficient electrochemical splitting of water is limited by the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). IrO2 is a potential catalyst with sufficient activity and stability in acidic conditions to be applied in water electrolyzers. The redox properties and structural flexibility of amorphous iridium oxo-hydroxide compared to crystalline rutile-IrO2 are associated with higher catalytic activity for the OER. We prepared IrOx OER catalysts by a simple hydrothermal method varying the alkali metal base (Li2CO3, LiOH, Na2CO3, NaOH, K2CO3, KOH) employed during the synthesis. This work reveals that the surface area, particle morphology, and the concentration of surface hydroxyl groups can be controlled by the base used and greatly influence the catalyst activity and stability for OER. It was found that materials prepared with bases containing lithium cations can lead to amorphous IrOx materials with a significantly lower overpotential (100 mV @ 1.5 mA·cm–2) and increased stability compared to materials prepared with other bases and rutile IrO2. This facile method leads to the synthesis of highly active and stable catalysts which can potentially be applied to larger scale catalyst preparations.
Arrest of In Vitro T Cell Differentiation of Normal Bone Marrow‐Derived CD34+Stem Cells with Thymic Epithelial Fragments from Children with AIDS (1996)

A novel approach is presented to assess the ability of thymic tissues obtained from children with end stage AIDS to attract normal bone marrow (BM)-derived CD34+ (lineage negative) stem cells (SCs) and support lymphopoiesis in vitro. Chemokinesis of BM-derived CD34+ SCs was analyzed by time-lapse videomicroscopy to ascertain whether an alteration in SC motility could contribute to abnormal thymopoiesis under conditions of HIV infection. The migration of SCs derived from an HIV+ donor into thymic tissue was not significantly altered compared to normal controls, as were normal SCs migrating toward thymic epithelial cell monolayers derived from an HIV+ patient. Thymic tissue obtained from children with AIDS contained nests of CD34+ SCs identified by immunofluorescence, indicating SC homing to the thymus is apparently supported in HIV infection. The ability of HIV-affected thymic epithelial fragments to support lymphopoiesis was determined by examining the initial thymocyte populations present, compared to thymocytes produced de novo in T cell-depleted thymic fragments, following a single pulse of lineage negative CD34+ CD38- SCs. In comparison to normal controls, thymocytes derived from the HIV-affected thymic epithelial fragment coculture had an increased percentage of triple negative thymocytes (28% of lymphocytes from HIV-affected tissue versus 1.5% in controls, p < 0.01) and a decreased percentage of double and single positive CD4+ thymocytes. However, CD3+CD8+ TCR alpha beta + expression was comparable to control cultured thymic epithelial fragments indicating that HIV-affected thymic epithelia were capable of supporting the development of the CD8+ lineage. In an effort to extend the information obtained to date from the histological examination of HIV-affected thymic tissue, select patient thymic tissues were maintained in culture to evaluate the capacity of undifferentiated thymic epithelial cell guirlandes to differentiate in vitro. A partial regeneration of certain subpopulations of the thymic epithelium defined by TE-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and CDR2 mAbs occurred during the in vitro culture. The epithelial and mesenchymal components of thymic tissues were distinguished by immunostaining for keratins (indicative of epithelium) and vimentin (a mesenchymal marker). Further evaluation of the modulation of HIV thymus, with respect to the testing of new therapeutic strategies on SCs, will be possible with this in vitro model.
Directionality of coupling of physiological subsystems: age-related changes of cardiorespiratory interaction during different sleep stages in babies (2003)

Activity of many physiological subsystems has a well-expressed rhythmic character. Often, a dependency between physiological rhythms is established due to interaction between the corresponding subsystems. Traditional methods of data analysis allow one to quantify the strength of interaction but not the causal interrelation that is indispensable for understanding the mechanisms of interaction. Here we present a recently developed method for quantification of coupling direction and apply it to an important problem. Namely, we study the mutual influence of respiratory and cardiovascular rhythms in healthy newborns within the first 6 mo of life in quiet and active sleep. We find an age-related change of the coupling direction: the interaction is nearly symmetric during the first days and becomes practically unidirectional (from respiration to heart rhythm) at the age of 6 mo. Next, we show that the direction of interaction is mainly determined by respiratory frequency. If the latter is less than approximately 0.6 Hz, the interaction occurs dominantly from respiration to heart. With higher respiratory frequencies that only occur at very young ages, the dominating direction is less pronounced or even abolished. The observed dependencies are not related to sleep stage, suggesting that the coupling direction is determined by system-inherent dynamical processes, rather than by functional modulations. The directional analysis may be applied to other interacting narrow band oscillatory systems, e.g., in the central nervous system. Thus it is an important step forward in revealing and understanding causal mechanisms of interactions.
Modification of metallocene catalysts for olefin polymerization (1996)

Abstract The metallocene catalyst developed by Kaminsky and Sinn has been demonstrated to permit the synthesis of any kind of stereoregular polymers as well as uniform copolymers with very narrow compositional and molecular weight distributions. The catalyst is, thus, expected to comprise a revolution in the polyolefin industry. More recently, a great deal of research effort has been devoted to modify it for practical applications, which has yielded a new generation of metallocene catalysts. This paper summarizes the results reported so far in the field. Some of our original data will be also reported.
Local atomic and electronic structure in the LiVPO4(F,O) tavorite‐type materials from solid‐state NMR combined with DFT calculations (2020)

<sup>7</sup> Li, <sup>31</sup> P, and <sup>19</sup> F solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the local arrangement of oxygen and fluorine in LiVPO<sub>4</sub> F<sub>1-y</sub> O<sub>y</sub> materials, interesting as positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. From the evolution of the 1D spectra versus y, 2D <sup>7</sup> Li radiofrequency-driven recoupling (RFDR) experiments combined, and a tentative signal assignment based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it appears that F and O are not randomly dispersed on the bridging X position between two X-VO<sub>4</sub> -X octahedra (X = O or F) but tend to segregate at a local scale. Using DFT calculations, we analyzed the impact of the different local environments on the local electronic structure. Depending on the nature of the VO<sub>4</sub> X<sub>2</sub> environments, vanadium ions are either in the +III or in the +IV oxidation state and can exhibit different distributions of their unpaired electron(s) on the d orbitals. Based on those different local electronic structures and on the computed Fermi contact shifts, we discuss the impact on the spin transfer mechanism on adjacent nuclei and propose tentative signal assignments. The O/F clustering tendency is discussed in relation with the formation of short V<sup>IV</sup> O vanadyl bonds with a very specific electronic structure and possible cooperative effect along the chain.
Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures (2020)

Abstract Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is critical to the deployment of this technology. Despite the great emphasis laid on stability-related investigations, publications lack consistency in experimental procedures and parameters reported. It is therefore challenging to reproduce and compare results and thereby develop a deep understanding of degradation mechanisms. Here, we report a consensus between researchers in the field on procedures for testing perovskite solar cell stability, which are based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS) protocols. We propose additional procedures to account for properties specific to PSCs such as ion redistribution under electric fields, reversible degradation and to distinguish ambient-induced degradation from other stress factors. These protocols are not intended as a replacement of the existing qualification standards, but rather they aim to unify the stability assessment and to understand failure modes. Finally, we identify key procedural information which we suggest reporting in publications to improve reproducibility and enable large data set analysis.
Effects of polycarboxylates with different adsorption groups on the rheological properties of cement paste (2019)

The adsorption of polycarboxylate (PCE) superplasticizer is the key step in the dispersing of cement particles, which is closely associated with problems in practice (e.g. compatibility). The adsorption process could be finely tuned by the modification of adsorption groups. However, the fundamental effect of different adsorption groups on the rheological properties of cement pastes was still not so clear. In this paper, a series of PCEs with different types (carboxyl group, sulfonate group and phosphate group) and proportions (1/3 and 2/3 substitution ratio) of adsorption groups have been synthesized and characterized via gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The effects of PCEs with different adsorption groups on the solution conformation and adsorption conformation, adsorption amount, dispersion and rheological properties have been systematically explored to reveal the mechanism. The results show that for PCEs with sulfonate groups, both the lowest adsorption amount and poorest affinity toward negatively-charged surfaces lead to poorest dispersion performance. For PCEs with phosphate groups, the excellent dispersion performance and relative low yield stress is attributed to the strong electrostatic effect and Ca2+ complexity at high dosage. Differences between the PCEs containing phosphate groups relied on the difference of adsorption affinity and conformation. Meanwhile, the dispersing performance at low PCE dosage is quite different with expectation owing to the “bridging” effect. In summary, the above findings will be useful for the development of high-performance superplasticizers.
A Switchable-LCL-Circuit-Based IPT System With High Efficiency for Reefer Containers (2020)

To get rid of plug-in/out actions for automatic wharves, a switchable-LCL-circuit (SLC) based inductive power transfer system is proposed to improve efficiency for reefer container wireless charging. As we knew, the power requirement of a reefer container only hits a few operation points, and each operation point is in corresponding to an individual resistance point (IRP). Therefore, the system efficiency can be improved by altering the IRPs into the optimal load resistance (OLR). The idea of this letter is to use the SLC to create multiple efficiency-load curves, then to regulate the peak points of the curves approaching the IRPs by reconfiguring the compensation parameters. Finally, a prototype was built to validate the performance of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that with the SLC, both the IRPs 20 and 160 Ω can be transformed into the OLR 55 Ω; the proposed system can gain the system efficiency >92.4% at the IRPs (20 Ω, 259.2 W) and (160 Ω, 32.4 W).
SimplerVoice: A Key Message & Visual Description Generator System for Illiteracy. (2018)

We introduce SimplerVoice: a key message and visual description generator system to help low-literate adults navigate the information-dense world with confidence, on their own. SimplerVoice can automatically generate sensible sentences describing an unknown object, extract semantic meanings of the object usage in the form of a query string, then, represent the string as multiple types of visual guidance (pictures, pictographs, etc.). We demonstrate SimplerVoice system in a case study of generating grocery products' manuals through a mobile application. To evaluate, we conducted a user study on SimplerVoice's generated description in comparison to the information interpreted by users from other methods: the original product package and search engines' top result, in which SimplerVoice achieved the highest performance score: 4.82 on 5-point mean opinion score scale. Our result shows that SimplerVoice is able to provide low-literate end-users with simple yet informative components to help them understand how to use the grocery products, and that the system may potentially provide benefits in other real-world use cases
Diphenylamido Precursors to Bisalkoxide Molybdenum Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2006)

We have found that Mo(NAr)(CHR')(NPh(2))(2) (R' = t-Bu or CMe(2)Ph) and Mo(NAr')(CHCMe(2)Ph)(NPh(2))(2) (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr(2)C(6)H(3); Ar' = 2,6-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) can be prepared through addition of two equivalents of LiNPh(2) to Mo(NR″)(CHR')(OTf)(2)(dme) species (R″ = Ar or Ar' dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), although yields are low. A high yield route consists of addition of LiNPh(2) to bishexafluro-t-butoxide species. An X-ray structure of Mo(NAr)(CHCMe(2)Ph)(NPh(2))(2) reveals that the two diphenylamido groups are oriented in a manner that allows an 18 electron count to be achieved. The diphenylamido complexes react readily with t-BuOH and (CF(3))(2)MeCOH, but not readily with the sterically demanding biphenol H(2)[Biphen] (Biphen(2-) = 3,3'-Di-t-butyl-5,5',6,6'-tetramethyl-1,1'-Biphenyl-2,2'-diolate). The diphenylamido complexes do react with various 3,3'-disubstituted binaphthols to yield binaphtholate catalysts that can be prepared in situ and employed for a simple asymmetric ring-closing metathesis reaction. In several cases conversions and enantioselectivities were comparable to reactions in which isolated catalysts were employed.
Blunt Notch Strength of AA2024 3-3/2-0.4 Fibre Metal Laminate Under Biaxial Tensile Loading (2019)

Fibre metal laminates are utilized in lightweight structures, such as aircraft fuselages, as fibre metal laminates provide outstanding fatigue and damage tolerance capabilities, together with a reduced weight compared to monolithic metallic structures. One critical feature of fuselage structures is their strength reduction that owes to riveting, i.e., a state-of-the-art joining technique in aircrafts. In the present work, the blunt notch strength of fibre-laminate panels with rivet holes is investigated under service-relevant biaxial loading conditions. To this purpose, cruciform specimens with a five-hole pattern were produced. These specimens were tested under various biaxiality ratios and fibre orientations. All tests were supported by three-dimensional digital image correlation to obtain the deformation field in the gauge area. Moreover, the displacement fields obtained during deformation were used in an elasto-plastic finite element model as boundary conditions to determine the maximum strains in the vicinity of the blunt notch holes and thus extend the application of the experimental results. The asymmetric strain fields obtained by digital image correlation reveal the interaction of the fibres with the blunt notch holes. Finally, it is shown that the biaxial loading conditions do not significantly influence the blunt notch strength.
Neo-Riemannian Cycle Detection With Weighted Finite-State Transducers. (2011)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Synthesis and application of novel bicyclic guanidines: N-alkylation of 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (2000)

The regioselective ring-opening reaction of optically pure epoxides by 1,5,7triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene was employed to prepare enantiomerically pure guanidine bases. A further example was prepared by deprotonation of 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene followed by trapping with ()-camphor. Four of these bases were evaluated in the asymmetric epoxidation of 3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4,4-dimethoxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one (4) and trans-chalcone using t-butyl hydroperoxide. Reasonable yields of the epoxide were obtained from the chalcone reaction but the ee's were low; with the quinone monoacetal 4 ee's in the range 29-35% were obtained.
Optimal Hemodynamics During Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Are Associated With Reduced Readmission Rates (2019)

LVAD patients, in whom hemodynamics were optimized, had a significantly lower rate of hospital readmissions, primarily because of fewer heart failure admissions. These findings highlight the importance of achieving hemodynamic optimization in LVAD patients.
Common genetic evolutionary pathways in familial adenomatous polyposis tumors. (2003)

Cancer cells progress through the accumulation of genetic alterations. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) tumors provide an excellent model to unravel the molecular steps underlying malignant transformation. Global genomic damage was assessed in 56 adenomas and 3 carcinomas from six FAP patients and compared with that of sporadic adenomas and carcinomas. Evolutive trees were traced after application of maximum likelihood clustering and split decomposition methods to the analysis of comprehensive genetic profiles generated by diverse molecular approaches: arbitrarily primed PCR, comparative genomic hybridization, and flow cytometry. Overall, genomic damage as assessed by arbitrarily primed PCR was lower in familial adenomas than in sporadic adenomas and carcinomas. Comparative genomic hybridization data also show a low number of alterations in the majority of FAP adenomas. Tumors of the same patient were likely to share specific genetic alterations and may be grouped into one or two clusters. Putative common pathways were also identified, which included tumors of up to three different patients. According to our data, FAP tumors accumulate specific genetic alterations and in a preferred order that is characteristic of each individual. Moreover, the particular genetic background and environmental conditions of a FAP patient restrain the molecular evolution portrait of synchronous tumors.
Hidden Markov map matching through noise and sparseness (2009)

The problem of matching measured latitude/longitude points to roads is becoming increasingly important. This paper describes a novel, principled map matching algorithm that uses a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to find the most likely road route represented by a time-stamped sequence of latitude/longitude pairs. The HMM elegantly accounts for measurement noise and the layout of the road network. We test our algorithm on ground truth data collected from a GPS receiver in a vehicle. Our test shows how the algorithm breaks down as the sampling rate of the GPS is reduced. We also test the effect of increasing amounts of additional measurement noise in order to assess how well our algorithm could deal with the inaccuracies of other location measurement systems, such as those based on WiFi and cell tower multilateration. We provide our GPS data and road network representation as a standard test set for other researchers to use in their map matching work.
Immunogenicity of a Five-Component Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Infants and Young Children (1994)

The five-component acellular pertussis vaccine (Connaught Laboratories Ltd, Willowdale, Ontario) is safe and immunogenic in 17- to 18-month-old and 4- to 6-year-old children. The 69-kd protein was immunogenic, and its inclusion neither increased side effects associated with the vaccine nor adversely affected the antibody response to the other components.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Aldehydes by the Use of Chiral Diamine‐Coordinated Tin(II) Triflate. (1990)

Abstract Using the complex of the chiral diamin (I) with tin(II) triflate as the catalyst, highly enantioselective aldol reaction of the silyl enol ether (II) with the aldehydes (III) is performed.
Lunar radargrammetry with ALSE-VHF imagery (1976)

Results are presented for a controlled experiment with a pair of overlapping lunar ALSE-VHF images produced in two consecutive revolutions of the Apollo command module around the moon. A theoretical treatment is presented of the mathematical tools for ALSE radargrammetry. Evaluation of radargrammetric mapping with single strips and a radar stereo model led to preliminary results in a test area around Mons Maraldi. Accuracy achieved with single radar images was about plus or minus 250 m along track and plus or minus 500 m across track. Stereoradargrammetry was used to generate a contour plot of Mons Maraldi and to evaluate the overall height accuracy obtainable from ALSE radar. About plus or minus 120 m of accuracy is obtained if the stereo model is corrected using a few control points. This makes ALSE stereo radar heights competitive with or even superior to vidicon data obtained for planetary exploration. The present basic limitation to radargrammetric accuracy from ALSE-VHF images is the identifiability of surface features.
Histological assessments for toxicity and functionalization-dependent biodistribution of carbon nanohorns (2011)

Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) intravenously administered to mice did not show severe toxicity during a 26-week test period, which was confirmed by normal gross appearance, normal weight gain and the lack of abnormality in the tissues on histological observations of the mice. SWNH biodistribution was influenced by chemical functionalization. Accumulation of SWNH in the lungs reduced as SWNH hydrophilicity increased; however, the most hydrophilic SWNHs modified with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were most likely to be trapped in the lungs, suggesting that the BSA moiety enhanced macrophage phagocytosis in the lungs. Clearance of some of the hydrophobic SWNHs from the lungs was observed, the mechanism of which is briefly discussed.