gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outcrossing Rates of Experimental Populations of Cuphea lanceolate (1991)

Abstract Outcrossing rates of Cuphea lanceolata Ait., a new Dilseed crop, have not been estimated; however, this species is known to be insect‐pollinated, self‐compatible, and autosterile. We used five allozyme loci and the mixed mating model to estimate the outcrossing rates of experimental populations of Cuphea lanceolata Ait. grown at Corvallis, Oregon in 1987 and 1988. Populations were grown using densities of one and 27 plants m −2 . Multilocus out‐crossing rate estimates of populations grown at low and high density ranged from 0.61 to 0.85 and 0.93 to 0.94, respectively. Density caused differences may be caused by differences in pollinator movement. In open plantings, e.g., space‐plant nurseries, selfing rates are increased by increased within plant pollination by bumblebees, the primary pollinators of C. lanceolata in temperate zones. The movement of pollinators between plants is enforced in dense plantings. We found C. lanceolata is predominantly al‐logamous, but selfing rates as great as 39.0 % were observed among space‐plants; thus, the progeny of an open‐pollinated individual plant grown in this type of nursery is a mixed half‐sib and S 1 family. Maximum outcrossing can be achieved by using dense plantings.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric anti‐Selective Mannich‐Type Reactions. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: Mercaptophenol‐Protected Gold Colloides as Nuclei for the Crystallization of Inorganic Minerals: Templated Crystallization on Curved Surfaces. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exploiting Subcarrier Agility to Alleviate Active Jamming Attacks in Wireless Networks (2015)

Malicious interference injection or jamming is one of the simplest ways to disrupt wireless communications. Prior approaches can alleviate jamming interference to a limited extent; they are especially vulnerable to a reactive jammer i.e., a jammer that injects noise upon sensing a legitimate transmission or wideband jamming. In this paper, we leverage the inherent features of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) to cope with such attacks. Specifically, via extensive experiments, we observe that the jamming signal experiences differing levels of fading across the composite sub-carriers in its transmission bandwidth. Thus, if the legitimate transmitter were to somehow exploit the relatively unaffected sub-carriers to transmit data to the receiver, it could achieve reasonable throughputs, even in the presence of the active jammer. We design and implement JIMS, a Jamming Interference Mitigation Scheme that exploits the above characteristic by overcoming key practical challenges. Via extensive testbed experiments and simulations we show that JIMS achieves a throughput restoration of up to 75 percent in the presence of an active jammer.
Quaternion-based coordinated control of a subsea mobile manipulator with only position measurements (2002)

A control scheme for the coordinated control of a subsea vehicle/manipulator system is presented. The unit quaternion representation is used in a singularity free representation of the attitude. The control scheme is formulated in a 12 DOF task space and only position measurements are required. The performance is evaluated by simulation with a realistic model of a commercial underwater vehicle, which includes the full dynamic interaction between vehicle and manipulator.
Anticancer Agent Development; 6.1Application of the Heterocycle Annulation-Rearrangement Strategy in the Synthesis of a Podophyllotoxin Precursor (1991)

A four-step synthesis of the Bristol-Myers' precursor, ethyl rel-(3 R, 4 R)-6,7-methylenedioxy-1-oxo-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1, 2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-3-carboxylate, to (±)-podophyllotoxin is described in 40 % overall yield from ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate. Manganese(III) acetate mediated lactonization and Lewis acid induced heterocyclic rearrangement processes serve as the key steps in the synthesis of this intermediate.
Development and Characterization of Lecithin-based Self-assembling Mixed Polymeric Micellar (saMPMs) Drug Delivery Systems for Curcumin (2016)

Self-assembling mixed polymeric micelles (saMPMs) were developed for overcoming major obstacles of poor bioavailability (BA) associated with curcumin delivery. Lecithin added was functioned to enlarge the hydrophobic core of MPMs providing greater solubilization capacity. Amphiphilic polymers (sodium deoxycholate [NaDOC], TPGS, CREMOPHOR, or a PLURONIC series) were examined for potentially self-assembling to form MPMs (saMPMs) with the addition of lecithin. Particle size, size distribution, encapsulation efficacy (E.E.), and drug loading (D.L.) of the mixed micelles were optimally studied for their influences on the physical stability and release of encapsulated drugs. Overall, curcumin:lecithin:NaDOC and curcumin:lecithin:PLURONIC P123 in ratios of 2:1:5 and 5:2:20, respectively, were optimally obtained with a particle size of < 200 nm, an E.E. of >80%, and a D.L. of >10%. The formulated system efficiently stabilized curcumin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at room temperature or 4 °C and in fetal bovine serum or PBS at 37 °C and delayed the in vitro curcumin release. In vivo results further demonstrated that the slow release of curcumin from micelles and prolonged duration increased the curcumin BA followed oral and intravenous administrations in rats. Thus, lecithin-based saMPMs represent an effective curcumin delivery system, and enhancing BA of curcumin can enable its wide applications for treating human disorders.
The Influence the Uncut Chip Thickness has on the Stagnation Point in Orthogonal Cutting (2017)

The effect of cutting data on the stagnation zone of a machining operation is of great interest since it governs the material flow around the cutting edge. The material flow has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the machined surface. This paper presents a numerical model that is able to determine the effect that the uncut chip thickness has on the stagnation zone and the connection between the stagnation zone and the deformation layer in the machined subsurface.
Scalability of mode-locked thin-disk oscillators: Issues and scenarios of destabilization (2011)

In this work for the first time, a mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator operating at 40 MHz repetition rate with the average power scaling ranging from 57 W to 100 W with roundtrip dispersion of-21000 fs <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is reported. The air-filled resonator provides the Gaussian mode of 2.6 mm in diameter at the disk and 1.4-1.8 mm at a SESAM.
Inside Cover: A Colorimetric Sensor Array for the Detection of the Date‐Rape Drug γ‐Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): A Supramolecular Approach (Chem. Eur. J. 15/2010) (2010)

γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)…︁ …︁ is a euphoriant and aphrodisiac drug that can cause death. In their Full Paper on p. 4489 ff., H. Garcia et al. describe the development of a chemical tongue based on the concept of host–guest complexes between tricyclic basic dyes and cucurbiturils. This sensor array can instantaneously discriminate GHB from precursors and related carboxylates.
Phase Change Nanoelectromechanical Relay for Nonvolatile Low Leakage Switching (2022)

Abstract The design, modeling, and experimental validation of a highly scalable phase change electromechanical relay are present. The Phase Change NEMS Relay (PCNR) is a nonvolatile mechanical relay actuated by the volumetric expansion of phase change material. GeTe is used as the active phase change material, and nonvolatile relay states are changed by converting it between amorphous and crystalline phases, which differ in volume by 10%. Phase conversion is induced by Joule heating an adjacent metal layer. Finite element analysis (FEA) models are developed to predict actuator temperature distributions and quench times for varied actuation pulses. Additional models are developed to simulate actuator deflection including reflow of molten phase change material during an actuation pulse. The smallest fabricated device has a heater footprint of 3 µm × 1 µm, with a 20 nm air‐gap. The FEA model, which calculates the actuation voltage, energy, and ON–OFF current ratio for this device to be 1.1 V, 42 nJ, and 10 8 , respectively, are experimentally verified. A PCNR scaled down to a 15 nm × 5 nm heater footprint with a 2 nm air‐gap is predicted to actuate at 400 mV and 1.7 pJ.
Revision of target uncertainty for PMU-based distributed measurement systems in MV networks (2022)

The need for accurate measurements is daily increasing and recognized by system operators. Whether this aspect may be less significant for transmission networks (TNs), the same is not true for the distribution one (DN). In fact, the investments dedicated to TNs are far higher compared to those for DNs. Therefore, this work deals with the accuracy requirements needed in DNs to achieve significant measurement results. In particular, the study starts from the hypothesis that measurements are collected from typical current and voltage sensors and computed via phasor measurement units. The work first describes the typical characteristics of the DN. Second, the sources of uncertainty that contribute to the overall uncertainty of the output quantities (module and phase of currents and voltages) are detailed and analyzed. Finally, the Monte Carlo method has been applied to quantify the uncertainty of those quantities in a variety of realistic DN configurations. From the results, it emerges the significance of the measurement chain design due to its significant impact on the accuracy of the measured quantities.
A Study of the Assembly Mechanism of the Mesoporous MSU-X Silica Two-Step Synthesis (2001)

Several synthetic pathways of mesostructured porous silica using nonionic surfactants or copolymers have been reported since the discovery of this new family of materials. We developed a process, which we call a two-step synthesis, that allows us to synthesize MSU-X mesoporous silica, with very good reproducibility and high reaction yields. This reaction implies a first assembly step between silica oligomers and nonionic micelles, followed by a condensation step induced by the addition of sodium fluoride as catalyst. We characterized nanoscopic hybrid objects made of silica and nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) surfactants obtained once the assembly between silica and surfactants had occurred, as intermediates in the two-step synthesis of mesoporous silica of the MSU-X family. NMR, small-angle X-ray scattering, and dynamic light scattering experiments allowed us to propose a structural model involving nucleophilic participation of external OH groups, where a low-density framework of silica grows out of the micellar hydrophilic outer shell made of PEO chains, and builds a third shell around the initial spherical micelle. Stable and isolated micellar hybrid objects with this three-layered structure (alkyl core, PEO first shell, silica second shell) were observed, forming monodisperse objects with diameters adjustable between 7 and 12 nm, depending on the amount of silica.
The Novel Somatostatin Analog SOM230 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Hormone Release by Growth Hormone- and Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomasin Vitro (2004)

To determine the inhibitory profile of the novel somatostatin (SRIF) analog SOM230 with broad SRIF receptor binding, we compared the in vitro effects of SOM230, octreotide (OCT), and SRIF-14 on hormone release by cultures of different types of secreting pituitary adenomas. OCT (10 nM) significantly inhibited GH release in seven of nine GH-secreting pituitary adenoma cultures (range, -26 to -73%), SOM230 (10 nM) in eight of nine cultures (range, -22 to -68%), and SRIF-14 (10 nM) in six of six cultures (range, -30 to -75%). The sst analysis showed predominant but variable levels of somatostatin receptor (sst)(2) and sst(5) mRNA expression. In one culture completely resistant to OCT, SOM230 and SRIF-14 significantly inhibited GH release in a dose-dependent manner with an IC(50) value in the low nanomolar range. In the other cultures, SOM230 showed a lower potency of GH release inhibition (IC(50), 0.5 nM), compared with OCT (IC(50), 0.02 nM) and SRIF-14 (IC(50), 0.02 nM). A positive correlation was found between sst(2) but not sst(5) mRNA levels in the adenoma cells and the inhibitory potency of OCT on GH release in vivo and in vitro, and the effects of SOM230 and SRIF-14 in vitro. In three prolactinoma cultures, 10 nM OCT weakly inhibited prolactin (PRL) release in only one (-28%), whereas 10 nM SOM230 significantly inhibited PRL release in three of three cultures (-23, -51, and -64.0%). The inhibition of PRL release by SOM230 was related to the expression level of sst(5) but not sst(2) mRNA. Several conclusions were reached. First, SOM230 has a broad profile of inhibition of tumoral pituitary hormone release in the low nanomolar range, probably mediated via both sst(2) and sst(5) receptors. The higher number of responders of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma cultures to SOM230, compared with OCT, suggest that SOM230 has the potency to increase the number of acromegalic patients which can be biochemically controlled. Second, compared with OCT, SOM230 is more potent in inhibiting PRL release by mixed GH/PRL-secreting adenoma and prolactinoma cells.
Whole-Body [18F]FDG PET/CT Can Alter Diagnosis in Patients with Suspected Rheumatic Disease (2021)

The 2-deoxy-d-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely utilized to assess the vascular and articular inflammatory burden of patients with a suspected diagnosis of rheumatic disease. We aimed to elucidate the impact of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT on change in initially suspected diagnosis in patients at the time of the scan. Thirty-four patients, who had undergone [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT, were enrolled and the initially suspected diagnosis prior to [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT was compared to the final diagnosis. In addition, a semi-quantitative analysis including vessel wall-to-liver (VLR) and joint-to-liver (JLR) ratios was also conducted. Prior to [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT, 22/34 (64.7%) of patients did not have an established diagnosis, whereas in 7/34 (20.6%), polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) was suspected, and in 5/34 (14.7%), giant cell arteritis (GCA) was suspected by the referring rheumatologists. After [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT, the diagnosis was GCA in 19/34 (55.9%), combined GCA and PMR (GCA + PMR) in 9/34 (26.5%) and PMR in the remaining 6/34 (17.6%). As such, [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT altered suspected diagnosis in 28/34 (82.4%), including in all unclear cases. VLR of patients whose final diagnosis was GCA tended to be significantly higher when compared to VLR in PMR (GCA, 1.01 ± 0.08 (95%CI, 0.95-1.1) vs. PMR, 0.92 ± 0.1 (95%CI, 0.85-0.99), <i>p</i> = 0.07), but not when compared to PMR + GCA (1.04 ± 0.14 (95%CI, 0.95-1.13), <i>p</i> = 1). JLR of individuals finally diagnosed with PMR (0.94 ± 0.16, (95%CI, 0.83-1.06)), however, was significantly increased relative to JLR in GCA (0.58 ± 0.04 (95%CI, 0.55-0.61)) and GCA + PMR (0.64 ± 0.09 (95%CI, 0.57-0.71); <i>p</i> < 0.0001, respectively). In individuals with a suspected diagnosis of rheumatic disease, an inflammatory-directed [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT can alter diagnosis in the majority of the cases, particularly in subjects who were referred because of diagnostic uncertainty. Semi-quantitative assessment may be helpful in establishing a final diagnosis of PMR, supporting the notion that a quantitative whole-body read-out may be useful in unclear cases.
Almost flat functional semantics for speech translation (2008)

We introduce a novel semantic representation formalism, Almost Flat Functional semantics (AFF), which is designed as an intelligent compromise between linguistically motivated predicate/argument semantics and ad hoc engineering solutions based on flat feature/value lists; the central idea is to tag each semantic element with the functional marking which most closely surrounds it. We argue that AFF is well-suited for medium-vocabulary speech translation applications, and describe simple and general algorithms for parsing, generating and performing transfer using AFF representations. The formalism has been fully implemented within a medium-vocabulary interlingua-based Open Source speech translation system which translates between English, French, Japanese and Arabic.
Frequency Support Functions in Large PV Power Plants With Active Power Reserves (2014)

The total installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) power, within each year, constantly pressures transmission system operators to continuously upgrade their network codes (NCs) moving their focus to grid stabilization features. The NCs started to demand large-scale PV power plants (LPVPPs) to synthetically inherit frequency support functions from the conventional generation-frequency sensitive mode (FSM) and encourage the use of inertial response (IR) along with a minimum supply of active power reserves (APRs). This paper investigates the impact of LPVPPs supplying mandatory FSM enhanced with high-sensitivity IR over the frequency quality parameters. Moreover, the paper performs a time-domain evaluation combined with a statistical analysis of the generated synthetic frequency. The main purpose is to demonstrate the short-term and midterm benefits brought by the added ancillary services and to prove their need with increased levels of PV penetration. This paper realizes a complete representation of a power system having modeled the generic IEEE 12 bus system evaluated over a real-time digital simulator platform. The power system model is enhanced with an automatic generation control system and subject to a realistic Danish winter load profile to create the synthetic frequency of the grid. LPVPPs with APRs and frequency support functions share part of the control responsibilities and show their contributions for short-term and midterm frequency stability once the penetration level reaches higher levels.
Time for Addressing Software Security Issues: Prediction Models and Impacting Factors (2016)

Finding and fixing software vulnerabilities have become a major struggle for most software development companies. While generally without alternative, such fixing efforts are a major cost factor, which is why companies have a vital interest in focusing their secure software development activities such that they obtain an optimal return on this investment. We investigate, in this paper, quantitatively the major factors that impact the time it takes to fix a given security issue based on data collected automatically within SAP’s secure development process, and we show how the issue fix time could be used to monitor the fixing process. We use three machine learning methods and evaluate their predictive power in predicting the time to fix issues. Interestingly, the models indicate that vulnerability type has less dominant impact on issue fix time than previously believed. The time it takes to fix an issue instead seems much more related to the component in which the potential vulnerability resides, the project related to the issue, the development groups that address the issue, and the closeness of the software release date. This indicates that the software structure, the fixing processes, and the development groups are the dominant factors that impact the time spent to address security issues. SAP can use the models to implement a continuous improvement of its secure software development process and to measure the impact of individual improvements. The development teams at SAP develop different types of software, adopt different internal development processes, use different programming languages and platforms, and are located in different cities and countries. Other organizations, may use the results—with precaution—and be learning organizations.
Adaptive Bitrate Control of Scalable Video for Live Video Streaming on Best-Effort Network (2018)

To achieve high-quality video streaming on a best-effort network, adaptive video streaming methods for controlling video bitrate in accordance with fluctuation in network throughput have been developed. These methods change the video bitrate in 1-10-second intervals. However, delay of the video increases if the throughput deteriorates drastically, and delay requirements cannot be satisfied when the requirement is short. To resolve this issue, adaptive video-streaming methods using scalable video coding (SVC) have been proposed. By using SVC, the bitrate can be controlled more frequently, and the delay can be reduced. However, the quality of SVC video worsens compared to that of the same bitrate non-SVC video due to coding overhead. The overhead increases as the number of layers increases. This paper proposes a method for adaptively controlling the bitrates of SVC layers. With this method, wide fluctuations in network throughput can be covered by a few layers, and the coding overhead can be reduced. Simulation results indicate that the method improves the video-quality score, which is the bitrate removing the effect of the coding overhead of SVC, by up to 38%.
Robotic clinical trials of uni-condylar arthroplasty (2005)

A randomised clinical trial has been completed for uni-condylar arthroplasty. The trial, under the auspices of the UK MHRA, comprised 15 knees of patients undergoing conventional surgery, and 13 knees of patients who had robotic surgery using the Acrobot hands-on robotic system. The results of the trial were checked by comparing post-op CT scans with pre-op CT-based plans, and show a significant improvement in accuracy using the robot. The technical concept of the Acrobot approach is also described. Details of the complete system are outlined, including the pre-operative planner. The plan incorporates 3D CT models of the leg, together with CAD models of prostheses that can be used to plan the leg alignment, position the prostheses, plan the shape of the cuts required and generate the regions within which cuts must be constrained. The robotic system is also described, together with the methods for locating, clamping, cutting and monitoring the patient. An outline is given of the means by which the preoperative model is registered or aligned to the intra-operative position of the patient and of the robot, without the need for fiducial markers. Results of the randomised clinical trial are also discussed.
Two‐Dimensional Whisker Percolation in Ceramic Matrix–Ceramic Whisker Composites (1989)

A computer model that treats ceramic‐powder matrix–ceramic whisker composites as a percolative network of whiskers has been developed. The model calculates the critical fraction of whiskers at the percolation threshold for a two‐dimensional random network of whiskers. The computed critical fraction was found to display an inverse dependence on whisker aspect ratio. In addition, the computed critical fraction (27 vol% for a whisker aspect ratio of 7) agreed well with the zero‐shrinkage whisker fraction of 30 vol% in the densification of a colloid‐pressed alumina–silicon carbide composite that exhibited a two‐dimensional orientation of such whiskers.