gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Tracks Molecular Changes in Raw and Processed Foods and Beverages (2018)

A major aspect of our daily lives is the need to acquire, store and prepare our food. Storage and preparation can have drastic effects on the compositional chemistry of our foods, but we have a limited understanding of the temporal nature of processes such as storage, spoilage, fermentation and brewing on the chemistry of the foods we eat. Here, we performed a temporal analysis of the chemical changes in foods during common household preparations using untargeted mass spectrometry and novel data analysis approaches. Common treatments of foods such as home fermentation of yogurt, brewing of tea, spoilage of meats and ripening of tomatoes altered the chemical makeup through time, through both chemical and biological processes. For example, brewing tea altered its composition by increasing the diversity of molecules, but this change was halted after 4 min of brewing. The results indicate that this is largely due to differential extraction of the material from the tea and not modification of the molecules during the brewing process. This is in contrast to the preparation of yogurt from milk, spoilage of meat and the ripening of tomatoes where biological transformations directly altered the foods molecular composition. Comprehensive assessment of chemical changes using multivariate statistics showed the varied impacts of the different food treatments, while analysis of individual chemical changes show specific alterations of chemical families in the different food types. The methods developed here represent novel approaches to studying the changes in food chemistry that can reveal global alterations in chemical profiles and specific transformations at the chemical level.
Photon-Counting Image Sensors (2017)

Photon-counting image sensors represent a possible paradigm shift in solid-state image sensors. In these devices, photons are individually sensed and counted. To count photons, the devices must have high quantum efficiency, deep sub-electron read noise and the ability to read-out in digital form at high speed. This all-invited content from the top image sensor researchers around the world, reviews the state of the art of photon-counting image sensors in a variety of configurations, including CMOS image sensors and devices using avalanche multiplication, and for visible photons as well as higher energy photons such as ultraviolet and x-rays. New methods of creating image information from photon-counting image sensors is also described. This new emerging technology will have applications in low-light scientific imaging for aerospace and defense, and in the life sciences. It may also have applications in cryptography, communications, security cameras, 3D imaging and photography.
30-Day Emergency Department Visits After Primary Lumbar Fusion (2019)

Our objective was to describe the incidence, causes, risk factors, and costs associated with 30-day emergency department (ED) visits after primary lumbar fusion. A national insurance database was retrospectively analyzed to study patients with primary lumbar fusions performed for degenerative pathology of the spine between 2007 and Q3-2015. Risk factors for ED visits, and ED to hospital transfer were studied using multiple-variable logistic regression analysis. Our cohort included 37,559 patients with a mean age of 66.0±10.0 years. A total of 4806 (12.8%) patients had 10,281 ED visits within 30 days after surgery. Of these, 945 (19.9%) had multiple (≥3) visits, and 1466 (30.5%) were admitted to the hospital for management. Common causes for presentation in the ED were cardiorespiratory complaints (49.4%, n=2377), and back and/or leg pain (47.7%, n=2294). Risk factors for all ED visits, multiple ED visits, and hospital admission from the ED have been identified. The overall ED cost burden was nearly two-thirds as much as hospital readmissions within 30 days ($6,994,260 vs. $10,880,999). There is a sizable subset of patients that present to the ED for acute care but do not require hospitalization. Causes and risk factors for presentation in patients with multiple ED visits are somewhat different than patients requiring hospital readmission.
Self-stabilization of carrier-envelope offset phase by use of difference-frequency generation (2004)

Self-stabilized carrier-envelope offset phase is achieved by use of difference-frequency (DF) generation. The spectrum from a Ti:sapphire oscillator is broadened in a photonic crystal fiber, and a DF (900 nm) between the blue component (490 nm) and the infrared component (1080 nm) is generated. The beat signal between the fundamental and the DF signal is clearly observed. The wavelength of the DF signal can be tuned down to 780 nm, and hence the signal can be used for injection seeding of a Ti:sapphire oscillator.
Iterative method for zero-order suppression in off-axis digital holography (2010)

We propose a method to suppress the so-called zero-order term in a hologram, based on an iterative principle. During the hologram acquisition process, the encoded information includes the intensities of the two beams creating the interference pattern, which do not contain information about the recorded complex wavefront, and that can disrupt the reconstructed signal. The proposed method selectively suppresses the zero-order term by employing the information obtained during wavefront reconstruction in an iterative procedure, thus enabling its suppression without any a priori knowledge about the object. The method is analyzed analytically and its convergence is studied. Then, its performance is shown experimentally. Its robustness is assessed by applying the procedure on various types of holograms, such as topographic images of microscopic specimens or speckle holograms.
Database System Studies in Fine Grain Optoelectronic Computing (1993)

Abstract : The main objective of this program was to investigate the design and the optoelectronic implementation of a high performance optical memory-processor interface for database applications. For very large database machines, in general, memory bandwidth is a bottleneck. Typically, the access time of a conventional secondary storage devices such as magnetic disks is at millisecond scale. The use of parallel access optical storage systems, such as parallel read-out optical disks and 2-photon 3D memories, have the potential of achieving enormous throughput (> 100 Chits/sec) and capacity (- 1 Tbits). In this research, we have studied the relational database architecture based on a bi-orthogonally accessed 2-photon 3D memory. Specifically, the database operation considered is the data filtering. Various optoelectronic technologies have been evaluated for interfacing parallel optic and electronic systems. The system performances have been measured in term of the areal data throughput and the energy required per transmitted data bit.
Analysis of Existing work for I2NSF (2015)

This document analyzes the current state of the art for security
management devices and security devices technologies in industries and
the existing IETF work/protocols that are relevant to the Interface to
Network Security Function (I2NSF). The I2NSF focus is to define data
models and interfaces in order to control and monitor the physical and
virtual aspects of network security functions.
Patterning of granular magnetic media with a focused ion beam to produce single-domain islands at &lt;140 Gbit/in/sup 2/ (2001)

We have used a focused ion beam to directly pattern thin-film granular perpendicular Co/sub 70/Cr/sub 18/Pt/sub 12/ media. By cutting trenches /spl sim/6 nm deep in the /spl sim/20 nm media, we have produced square arrays of magnetically isolated islands with periods in the range 65-500 nm. At periods below /spl sim/130 nm we observe only single magnetic domains, which exhibit a rough "checker-board" pattern upon ac demagnetization. We have patterned at densities of over 140 Gbit/in/sup 2/.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-analysis of Stent Retrievers Versus Direct Aspiration Versus a Combined Approach (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Recent randomized control trials (RCTs) established that mechanical thrombectomy is superior to medical therapy for patients with stroke. Stent retriever thrombectomy, direct aspiration and combined use of a stent retriever and aspiration have been alternatively used.The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy profile of the different mechanical thrombectomy strategies. METHODS: This study was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects model meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS: In all 21 studies with a total of 3059 patients were included. No differences were identified between the stent retriever and aspiration group in terms of modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) 2b/3, mTICI 3 recanalization rates and favorable outcome (mRS = 2). Adverse event rates including 90-d mortality, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), parenchymal hematoma, new territory emboli, arterial dissection and perforation were similar between the stent retriever and direct aspiration group. Use of the stent retriever was associated with a higher risk of vasospasm (OR:2.59; 95% CI: 1.00-6.74; I2:0%) compared to direct aspiration. When compared with the direct aspiration group, the subgroup of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy with the combined approach as a first-line strategy had a higher likelihood of successful mTICI 2b/3 (OR: 1.76; 95% CI:1.23-2.52; I2: 5.5%) and mTICI 3 recanalization (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.08-4.88; I2: 58%) although with a higher risk of SAH (OR: 4.33; 95% CI: 1.15-16.32; I2: -). In addition, patients who had thrombectomy with the combined approach as a rescue treatment after failure of first-line aspiration were at a significantly higher risk of sICH (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.20-10.19; I2: 21.7%). CONCLUSION: Stent retriever thrombectomy and direct aspiration were equally safe and effective. When compared with direct aspiration, the combined use of a stent retriever and aspiration as a first-line strategy was associated with higher mTICI 2b/3 and mTICI 3 recanalization rates although with a higher risk of 24-hr SAH.
Field Experiences With Measurements of Dielectric Response in Frequency Domain for Power Transformer Diagnostics (2006)

Some new methods, based on characterization of the dielectric response of transformer insulation in time and frequency domains, have been pointed out by CIGRE as suitable to assess moisture content in pressboard and paper. Measuring devices available today on the market are quite robust in field conditions; however there is a risk that undesired internal and external factors might influence the measurements. These influences can lead to mistaken interpretation of insulation wetness. Operators should therefore be aware of the risks appearing at different measuring conditions and of the precautions that can be taken to minimize their effects. This work presents a systematic investigation on the influence of some factors on the results of dielectric response measurements in field conditions. The errors that can be committed during the measurements if certain precautions are not taken, with different equipment connected in parallel, are evaluated. The influence of rain and electromagnetic disturbances are also analyzed proposing solutions to attenuate their effects. Finally, a discussion on the influence of temperature distribution follows. The work is concentrated on frequency response measurements, although some results from the use of polarization and depolarization current technique are also discussed.
Millimeter Wave Wireless Assisted Robot Navigation With Link State Classification (2022)

The millimeter wave (mmWave) bands have attracted considerable attention for high precision localization applications due to the ability to capture high angular and temporal resolution measurements. This paper explores mmWave-based positioning for a target localization problem where a fixed target broadcasts mmWave signals and a mobile robotic agent attempts to capture the signals to locate and navigate to the target. A three-stage procedure is proposed: First, the mobile agent uses tensor decomposition methods to detect the multipath channel components and estimate their parameters. Second, a machine-learning trained classifier is then used to predict the <i>link state</i>, meaning if the strongest path is line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS (NLOS). For the NLOS case, the link state predictor also determines if the strongest path arrived via one or more reflections. Third, based on the link state, the agent either follows the estimated angles or uses computer vision or other sensor to explore and map the environment. The method is demonstrated on a large dataset of indoor environments supplemented with ray tracing to simulate the wireless propagation. The path estimation and link state classification are also integrated into a state-of-the-art neural simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) module to augment camera and LIDAR-based navigation. It is shown that the link state classifier can successfully generalize to completely new environments outside the training set. In addition, the neural-SLAM module with the wireless path estimation and link state classifier provides rapid navigation to the target, close to a baseline that knows the target location.
End-group modification of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) and in situ synthesis of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)-b-poly(ethylene terephthalate) block copolymer Part A Polymer chemistry (2008)

The preparation of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether)-b-poly(ethylene terephthalate) block copolymer was performed by the reaction of the 2-hydroxyethyl modified poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE-EtOH) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by an in situ process, during the synthesis of the polyester. The yield of the reaction of the 2-hydroxyethyl functionalized PPE-EtOH with PET was close to 100%. A significant proportion of the PET-b-PPE-EtOH block copolymer was found to have short PET block. Nevertheless, the copolymer structured in the shape of micelles (20 nm diameter) and very small domains with 50-200 nm diameter, whereas unmodified PPE formed much larger domains (1.5 μm) containing copolymer.
Versatile selective kinase inhibitors: Chemistry and biology of indirubins (2012)

In an effort to identify new kinases inhibitors, natural and synthetic indirubins have been tested. This full SAR study led to the discovery of versatile selective kinases inhibitors according to the substitutions degree. This inhibition selectivity led to diverse biological activities e.g. stem cell pluripotency preservation1 or in vivo anti-tumor activities.
Homoaromaticity and bicycloaromaticity in carbanions (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomoaromaticity and bicycloaromaticity in carbanionsJohn B. Grutzner and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6, 1372–1375Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00396a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00396a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Streamlining data cache access with fast address calculation (1995)

For many programs, especially integer codes, untolerated load instruction latencies account for a significant portion of total execution time. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of a fast address generation mechanism capable of eliminating the delays caused by effective address calculation for many loads and stores.Our approach works by predicting early in the pipeline (part of) the effective address of a memory access and using this predicted address to speculatively access the data cache. If the prediction is correct, the cache access is overlapped with non-speculative effective address calculation. Otherwise, the cache is accessed again in the following cycle, this time using the correct effective address. The impact on the cache access critical path is minimal; the prediction circuitry adds only a single OR operation before cache access can commence. In addition, verification of the predicted effective address is completely decoupled from the cache access critical path.Analyses of program reference behavior and subsequent performance analysis of this approach shows that this design is a good one, servicing enough accesses early enough to result in speedups for all the programs we tested. Our approach also responds well to software support, which can significantly reduce the number of mispredicted effective addresses, in many cases providing better program speedups and reducing cache bandwidth requirements.
6,7-Dihydro-2-benzothiophen-4(5H)-ones:  A Novel Class of GABA-A α5 Receptor Inverse Agonists (2002)

Nonselective inverse agonists at the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA-A chloride ion channel enhance cognitive performance in animals but cannot be used in the treatment of cognitive disorders because of anxiogenic and convulsant side effects. We have identified a novel series of GABA-A alpha5 receptor ligands during our search for alpha5 receptor inverse agonists as potential cognition enhancers. In particular, 6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)thio-1-(thiazol-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-2-benzothiophen-4(5H)-one (26) has been identified as a functionally selective GABA-A alpha5 inverse agonist.
Comparative genomics of the major parasitic worms (2017)

ABSTRACT Parasitic nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (flatworms) cause debilitating chronic infections of humans and animals, decimate crop production and are a major impediment to socioeconomic development. Here we compare the genomes of 81 nematode and platyhelminth species, including those of 76 parasites. From 1.4 million genes, we identify gene family births and hundreds of large expanded gene families at key nodes in the phylogeny that are relevant to parasitism. Examples include gene families that modulate host immune responses, enable parasite migration though host tissues or allow the parasite to feed. We use a wide-ranging in silico screen to identify and prioritise new potential drug targets and compounds for testing. We also uncover lineage-specific differences in core metabolism and in protein families historically targeted for drug development. This is the broadest comparative study to date of the genomes of parasitic and non-parasitic worms. It provides a transformative new resource for the research community to understand and combat the diseases that parasitic worms cause.
Front Cover Picture: Use of Iridium‐Catalyzed Transfer Vinylation for the Synthesis of Bio‐Based (bis)‐Vinyl Ethers (Adv. Synth. Catal. 7/2022) (2022)

The front cover picture depicts bio-based bis-vinyl ether structures which were synthesized through a catalytic transfer vinylation reaction, where a cationic iridium complex was used as the catalyst, sodium acetate as the base, vinyl acetate as the vinylating agent, and 2-MeTHF as a green solvent. Many of the herein described (bis)-vinyl ethers are reported for the first time and bear high potential as an integral part in adhesives, coatings, or UV-inks. Details can be found in the research article by de Vries and co-workers (B. Spiegelberg, H. Jiao, R. Grauke, C. Kubis, A. Spannenberg, A. Brandt, A. Taden, H. Beck, S. Tin, J. G. de Vries, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2022, 364, XXXX-YYYY; DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101348)
Stress/strain distribution around implantation boundaries (1987)

Abstract Ion implantation in ferrimagnetic garnet epilayers containing bubbles suppresses hard bubbles and defines the propagation tracks for moving bubbles. It has been recognized that the existence of a strain/stress gradient in the vicinity of an implantation boundary is responsible for the formation of charged walls to which bubbles are attached. Two elastic models describing the stress/strain distribution around an implantation boundary are presented. They rely on densities of defects, infinitesimal dislocations and point defects in the continuum approximation, Assuming a ribbon geometry reduces the elastic problem to a plane-strain one. Very compact expressions can be deduced from the point-defect model if the half-space is restricted to a plane. The dislocation model indicates that most of the elastic strain/stress is due to the lateral thrust exerted by the implanted ribbon on the surrounding elastic medium.
EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE PREPARATION PROCEDURES ON LABELING EFFICIENCY AND STABILITY OF Tc-99m LABELED ECD, MAG3, MDP, AND MIBI. (1998)

Bogsrud, T.; Herold, T. J.; Chen, M.-N.; Mahoney, D. W.; Hung, J. C. Author Information
miR-125b regulates chemotaxis and survival of bone marrow derived granulocytes in vitro and in vivo (2018)

The evolutionary conserved miR-125b is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) enhancing self-renewal and survival. Accordingly, over-expression of miR-125b in HSC may induce myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukemia with long latency. During hematopoietic cell maturation miR-125b expression decreases, and the function of miR-125b in mature granulocytes is not yet known. We here use transplantation of miR-125b over-expressing HSC into syngeneic hosts to generate and analyse miR-125b over-expressing granulocytes. Under steady state conditions, miR-125b over-expression inhibits granulocytic chemotaxis and LPS- but not PMA- and TNFα- induced cell death. Inflammatory signals modulate the effects of miR-125b over-expression as demonstrated in a sterile peritonitis and a polymicrobial sepsis model. In particular, survival of mice with miR-125b over-expressing granulocytes is significantly reduced as compared to controls in the polymicrobial sepsis model. These data demonstrate inflammation dependent effects of miR-125b in granulocytes and may point to therapeutic intervention strategies in the future.