gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Analyses of Polyelectrolyte Sequence Domains within the Adhesive Elastomeric Biomineralization Protein Lustrin A (2002)

The lustrin superfamily represents a unique group of biomineralization proteins localized between layered aragonite mineral plates (i.e., nacre layers) in mollusk shell. These proteins exhibit elastomeric and adhesive behavior within the mineralized matrix. One member of the lustrin superfamily, Lustrin A, has been sequenced; the protein is organized into defined, modular sequence domains that are hypothesized to perform separate functions (e.g., force unfolding, mineral interaction, intermolecular binding) within the Lustrin A protein. Using NMR, CD spectrometry, and model peptides, we investigated the solution structure of two Lustrin A polyelectrolyte modular domains that represent putative sites for Lustrin A−nacre component interaction: the 30-AA Arg, Lys, Tyr, Ser-rich (RKSY), and 24-AA Asp-rich (D4) domains. The results indicate that both sequences adopt open unfolded structures, with RKSY exhibiting structural features of an extended conformer, and D4, a more labile, random-coil conformation. These results suggest that the Lustrin A protein possesses open, unfolded regions that could act as putative sites for Lustrin A−mineral or Lustrin A−macromolecular interactions that lead to the observed adhesive properties of the nacre organic matrix.
An Approach to an Inhibition Electronic Tongue to Detect On-Line Organophosphorus Insecticides Using a Computer Controlled Multi-Commuted Flow System (2011)

An approach to an inhibition bioelectronic tongue is presented. The work is focused on development of an automated flow system to carry out experimental assays, a custom potentiostat to measure the response from an enzymatic biosensor, and an inhibition protocol which allows on-line detections. A Multi-commuted Flow Analysis system (MCFA) was selected and developed to carry out assays with an improved inhibition method to detect the insecticides chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO), chlorfenvinfos (CFV) and azinphos methyl-oxon (AZMO). The system manifold comprised a peristaltic pump, a set of seven electronic valves controlled by a personal computer electronic interface and software based on LabView® to control the sample dilutions into the cell. The inhibition method consists in the injection of the insecticide when the enzyme activity has reached the plateau of the current; with this method the incubation time is avoided. A potentiostat was developed to measure the response from the enzymatic biosensor. Low limits of detection of 10 nM for CPO, CFV, and AZMO were achieved.
Diaphragm actuator can lift 4kg with a 0.96g DE (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Using only 0.96g of dielectric elastomer actuator and applying about 3kV we will be demonstrated can lift a weight of 4kg over 1mm. It is driven at relatively high speed and the time required to move 1 mm can be 98 milliseconds. The DEA achieves high output using SWCNT electrodes suitable for acrylic dielectric elastomers. Currently, we are developing a new dielectric elastomer material and SWCNT. With such, we seek to make the actuator more compact and obtain higher output power. Within a year’s time, we are aiming for a DEA that lifts 8kg.
High-Yield Synthesis of Human Insulin-Like Peptide 5 Employing a Nonconventional Strategy (2018)

A simplified route to synthesis of INSL5 is reported, where the elimination of intermediate purification steps and nonconventional disulfide pairing results in final yields that are an order of magnitude higher than in previously reported stepwise syntheses. The intramolecular disulfide of A-chain was produced by a thiol displacement of StBu-protected cysteine, and was followed by an A-B chain disulfide formation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The final disulfide was formed by deprotection of StBu-cysteines in hydrofluoric acid (HF) at room temperature, which is a historical approach infrequently employed today, followed by oxidation using 2,2-dithiobis(5-nitropyridine) (DTNP) in acidic aqueous buffer. Throughout the synthesis, an isoacyl surrogate to a midsequence native amide bond was utilized to enhance solubility of the intermediate compounds.
Microscopic Origins of the Terahertz Carrier Relaxation and Cooling Dynamics in Graphene (2015)

We combine ultrafast time-resolved THz spectroscopy and microscopic modeling to study the hot-carrier relaxation and cooling dynamics in graphene; we demonstrate that the dynamics are the result of the intricate interplay between carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Isolation of 7a‐Epialexaflorine from Leaves of Alexa grandiflora: A Unique Pyrrolizidine Amino Acid with a Carboxylic Acid Substituent at C‐3. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct observation of surface chemistry on sub-picosecond timescales using ultrafast EUV pulses (2001)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. Lei, K. Read, R. 'a. Tobey, M. Murnane, H. Kapteyn, M. Bauer, and J. Gland, "Direct observation of surface chemistry on subpicosecond timescales using ultrafast EUV pulses," in Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources IX, A. Sawchuk, ed., Vol. 65 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 2001), paper WB4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Networking Vehicles to Everything (2017)

Communication between vehicles and infrastructure will enable an entirely new way of managing and accommodating traffic, pedestrians, and the surrounding environment, changing the nature of travel going forward. Networking Vehicles to Everything provides those seriously interested in vehicular automation with a state of the art resource for a deep understanding of the many competing technologies that will be united to enable the technology in years to come. This in-depth account covers challenges, case considerations, current activities in standards, product implementation, and upcoming trends such as software reconfiguration, mmWave technology and advanced control theory tools. Readers will gain in-depth understanding of the main bodies and institutions developing and regulating the technology, current technological battles including in particular IEEE 802.11p and 3GPP LTE V2X technologies which compete for the top-spot in a multi-billion market. Readers will become aware of the many currently open technological questions and trends in terms of applications, markets and some of the possibilities that the future may hold for any type of vehicle.
Transgenic plants and associated bacteria for phytoremediation of chlorinated compounds (2009)

Phytoremediation is the use of plants for the treatment of environmental pollution, including chlorinated organics. Although conceptually very attractive, removal and biodegradation of chlorinated pollutants by plants is a rather slow and inefficient process resulting in incomplete treatment and potential release of toxic metabolites into the environment. In order to overcome inherent limitations of plant metabolic capabilities, plants have been genetically modified, following a strategy similar to the development of transgenic crops: genes from bacteria, fungi, and mammals involved in the metabolism of organic contaminants, such as cytochrome P-450 and glutathione S-transferase, have been introduced into higher plants, resulting in significant improvement of tolerance, removal, and degradation of pollutants. Recently, plant-associated bacteria have been recognized playing a significant role in phytoremediation, leading to the development of genetically modified rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria with improved biodegradation capabilities. Transgenic plants and associated bacteria constitute a new generation of genetically modified organisms for efficient and environmental-friendly treatment of polluted soil and water. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of transgenic plants and bacteria for the treatment of chlorinated pollutants, including chlorinated solvents, polychlorinated phenols, and chlorinated herbicides.
Evaluating the Role of Nanomontmorillonite in Bulk in Situ Radical Polymerization Kinetics of Butyl Methacrylate through a Simulation Model (2014)

The effect of adding a nanoclay on the radical polymerization kinetics above the polymer’s glass transition temperature was investigated through a simulation model. As an example, the polymerization of butyl methacrylate in the presence of organomodified nanomontmorillonite was studied. The mathematical model developed was based on the elementary chemical reactions taking place and appropriate species mass balance equations. To account for the effect of diffusion-controlled phenomena, appropriate theoretical equations were derived based on sound principles. The number of fitting parameters was kept to a minimum of four. It was found that the addition of the nanoclay mainly affects the initiator efficiency and the reaction–diffusion term of the termination rate constant. Model predictions for monomer conversion were found to be in very good agreement with published experimental data. Moreover, the effect of the nanoclay on the evolution of the polymer average molecular weights during the reaction was discussed in detail.
Characterization of the inflammatory response to biomaterials using a rodent air pouch model (2000)

Using a rodent air pouch, the inflammatory responses to biomaterials with distinct physical properties and chemical compositions were compared. The polymers examined were expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE), silicone, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine ethyl carbonate) [poly(DTE carbonate)], and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine benzyl carbonate) [poly(DTBzl carbonate)]. We found that implantation of disks (4.5–4.8 mm) of these materials into rodent air pouches for 2 days had no effect on the number or type of cells recovered relative to sham controls. With each of the materials, macrophages were the predominant cell type identified (60–75%), followed by granulocytes (20–25%) and lymphocytes (10%). Implantation of poly(DTE carbonate), ePTFE, LDPE, or poly(DTBzl carbonate) into the pouches for 2 days caused an increase in release of superoxide anion by the pouch cells. Cells from pouches containing poly(DTE carbonate) also released more hydrogen peroxide and were more phagocytic. In contrast, PLLA and silicone had no effect on the functional activity of cells recovered from the pouches. Prolonging the implantation time of poly(DTE carbonate) or PLLA to 7 days did not alter the number or type of cells isolated from the pouches. However, cells from pouches containing poly(DTE carbonate) for 7 days continued to produce increased quantities of superoxide anion relative to sham control pouch cells. These results suggest that the air pouch model is a highly sensitive method and therefore useful for evaluating the functional responses of inflammatory cells to biomaterials. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 50, 365–374, 2000.
RNA editing derived epitopes function as cancer antigens to elicit immune responses (2018)

In addition to genomic mutations, RNA editing is another major mechanism creating sequence variations in proteins by introducing nucleotide changes in mRNA sequences. Deregulated RNA editing contributes to different types of human diseases, including cancers. Here we report that peptides generated as a consequence of RNA editing are indeed naturally presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. We provide evidence that effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells specific for edited peptides derived from cyclin I are present in human tumours and attack tumour cells that are presenting these epitopes. We show that subpopulations of cancer patients have increased peptide levels and that levels of edited RNA correlate with peptide copy numbers. These findings demonstrate that RNA editing extends the classes of HLA presented self-antigens and that these antigens can be recognised by the immune system.
A new polymorphic probe on chromosome 3p: λLIB50–50′ (D3S1099) (1991)

XLIB4-59 is a 1.9 kb EcoRI fragment isolated from a Charon 21A human chromosome 3 library (1). Polymorphism: Both MspI and Null digestions of genomic DNA and hybridization with the probe detects a two-allele polymorphism: 13.0 kb (Al), 10.5 kb (A2), 10.5 kb (B1) and 6.6 kb (B2). Frequency: Estimated from 120 unrelated Caucasians A1:0.36 B1:0.
Lava (1998)

Lava is a tool to assist circuit designers in specifying, designing, verifying and implementing hardware. It is a collection of Haskell modules. The system design exploits functional programming language features, such as monads and type classes, to provide multiple interpretations of circuit descriptions. These interpretations implement standard circuit analyses such as simulation, formal verification and the generation of code for the production of real circuits.Lava also uses polymorphism and higher order functions to provide more abstract and general descriptions than are possible in traditional hardware description languages. Two Fast Fourier Transform circuit examples illustrate this.
Time-resolved photoluminescence for diagnosis of resistance to ArF excimer laser damage to CaF_2 single crystals (1999)

Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) on excitation with an ArF excimer laser and IR–vacuum UV optical absorption induced by irradiation of an ArF excimer laser of commercially available CaF2 single crystals fabricated by four different manufacturers were measured. Intrinsic PL that was due to self-trapped excitons generated by band-to-band excitation by two-photon absorption processes was observed in all samples. In addition, most samples showed PL originating from traces of lanthanoid (Ln) impurities, Ce3+,Eu2+ (blue emission), or Tb3+ (yellow-green emission). The PL of Ce3+ and Eu2+ had no correlation with color-center formation; however, intense absorption bands arising from an F- center associated with a trivalent yttrium ion (YFC) were necessarily induced in the samples that showed yellow-green PL of Tb3+ under irradiation by ArF excimer laser light. When the yellow-green fluorescent samples were irradiated with ArF excimer laser light, the PL intensity of Tb3+ and the induced absorption that was due to YFC increased with the irradiated pulse number, and their growth was found to conform to a first-order kinetics. It was concluded that photoelectrons were released from Tb2+ ions by ArF excimer laser irradiation, and the resulting electrons were trapped at the site of a fluorine vacancy neighboring on Y3+. Therefore the intensity of yellow-green PL of Tb3+ is proposed as an index for diagnosis of resistance to ArF excimer laser damage in CaF2 single crystals.
Hybridomas As a Source of Antibodies (1981)

Hybridomas, the progeny of fusion between antibody-secreting spleen cells and myeloma cells, produce large quantities of a single species of antibody. They are an ideal source of serologic reagents since they can be grown in tissue culture, frozen, stored, and recovered when needed. Impending applications include production of monoclonal antibodies to a wide variety of serum components and pathogens.
Evaluation of Objective Measures of Smoking Status A Prospective Clinical Study in a Group of Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Radiotherapy (2003)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate objective measures of the smoking status of head and neck cancer patients during the course of radiotherapy. This was done by conducting a weekly structured interview, and measurement of carbon monoxide in expired air and of serum concentration of cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine. These methods were tested prospectively in a series of 20 patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy. The results showed significant differences in the levels of end-expired carbon monoxide as well as serum cotinine among the different self-reported smoking groups. Combining the two objective measures and the interview data, the study revealed that up to 50% of self-reported non-smokers were in fact smoking actively. Measurement of end-expired carbon monoxide levels was found to be a precise indicator of smoking in the hours preceding measurement. Serum cotinine was a valuable measure of true smoking status. Assuming that this assay reflects the true smoking status, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of self-reporting in this patient population was 79%, 80%, and 92%, respectively. In research aiming to investigate possible relations between smoking and radiotherapy, it is recommended that patients' smoking status be evaluated objectively as a supplement to self-reporting, at least in the head and neck cancer patients.
Control over a network: Using actuation buffers to reduce transmission frequency (2007)

We consider a discrete time linear feedback control system with additive noise where the control signals are sent across a network from the controller to the actuators. Due to network considerations it is desired to reduce the transmission frequency of the control signals. We show that by including a finite sequence of predicted control signals in each communication packet the frequency of transmission can be reduced by transmitting only when the previously sent sequence has run out, although as a consequence the closed loop error will increase. We introduce a communication protocol, which we call Input Difference Transmission Scheme (IDTS), that transmits control packets when the difference between newly computed control values and the predicted control sequence previously transmitted is larger than a certain threshold. This threshold is a design parameter and we show how the closed loop behavior varies with this threshold. Simulation results are provided to augment the theory.
Recent trend of multiuser MIMO in LTE-advanced (2013)

Recently, the mobile communication industry is moving rapidly toward Long Term Evolution, or LTE, systems. The leading carriers and vendors are committed to launching LTE service in the near future; in fact, a number of major operators such as Verizon have initiated LTE service already. LTE aims to provide improved service quality over 3G systems in terms of throughput, spectral efficiency, latency, and peak data rate, and the MIMO technique is one of the key enablers of the LTE system for achieving these diverse goals. Among several operational modes of MIMO, multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO), in which the base station transmits multiple streams to multiple users, has received much attention as a way of achieving improvement in performance. From the initial release (Rel. 8) to the recent release (Rel. 10), so called LTE-Advanced, MUMIMO techniques have evolved from their premature form to a more elaborate version. In this article, we provide an overview of design challenges and the specific solutions for MU-MIMO systems developed in the LTE-Advanced standard.
Neoplastic lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy in prostate cancer by direct perineural spread: An unusual entity (2006)

Neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy occurs with some abdominal and pelvic malignancies. Patients present with severe pain radiating from the low back down to the lower extremities, and this progresses to weakness. Neoplastic lumbosacral plexopathy is virtually always associated with known malignancy or obvious pelvic metastatic disease. Uncommonly, prostate cancer can present as a lumbosacral plexopathy occurring through direct pelvic spread. We describe two cases of lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy from infiltrative prostate cancer without evidence of other pelvic or extraprostatic spread. The probable etiology of tumor spreading along prostatic nerves into the lumbosacral plexus (i.e., perineural spread) is discussed as are the potential mechanisms for this unusual mode of cancer dissemination.
Can Highly Chromatic Stimuli Have A Low Color Inconstancy Index? (2005)

Both surface color and imaging industries strive for minimum color inconstancy in the materials they produce, while trying to match as many colors as possible. In this context the aim of this paper is to look at the relationship between color inconstancy properties of surface colors and their relationship to their chromas - specifically with the intention of understanding whether the two are opposed. Following the generation of spectra that match a sampling of the gamut of all possible surface colors it is shown clearly that the two properties are indeed inter-related and that highly chromatic colors cannot be color constant. Finally, the results of this work are proposed as a basis for setting color inconstancy targets and for having realistic expectations in terms of this property.
Causal Effect Models for Intention to Treat and Realistic Individualized Treatment Rules (2006)

An important class of models in causal inference are the so-called marginal structural models which model the comparison between counterfactual outcome distributions corresponding with a static treatment intervention, conditional on user supplied baseline covariates, based on observing a longitudinal data structure on a sample of n independent and identically distributed experimental units. Identification of a static treatment regimen specific outcome distribution based on observational data requires beyond the so-called sequential randomization assumption that each experimental unit has positive probability of following the static treatment regimen. The latter assumption is called the experimental treatment assignment assumption (ETA) (which is parameter specific). In most studies the ETA is violated for the static treatment interventions to be compared because some of the static treatment interventions cannot be followed by all experimental units due to baseline characteristics or due to the occurrence of certain events over time. For example, the development of side effects to the prescribed drug dose in a cancer patient, or the development of drug-resistance of an HIV-virus in an HIV-infected patient following the prescribed drug, describe situations in which a physician would be forced to stop the assigned treatment regimen.\nIn this article a generalization of marginal structural models is proposed -- called intention to treat causal effect models -- which does not rely on the ETA. The definition of an intention to treat causal effect requires a user-supplied definition of a time-dependent process keeping track of the possible treatment options for an experimental unit, and, if that is not available, it may be derived from a fitted treatment mechanism. The proposed intention to treat intervention enforces the static intervention until the time point at which next treatment does not belong to the set of possible treatment options, at which point the intervention is stopped. Locally efficient estimators of the desired intention to treat causal effects are provided.\nIn addition causal effect models for realistic individualized treatment rules are presented which always map in the set of possible treatment options and are thereby also fully identifiable from the data; in particular it is shown that these models can be chosen to generalize marginal structural models. Analogous to Murphy et al. (2001), the corresponding locally efficient double robust inverse probability of treatment weighted estimator is presented.