gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A minimally invasive microchip for transdermal injection/sampling applications (2012)

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a minimally invasive silicon microchip for transdermal injection/sampling applications are reported and discussed. The microchip exploits an array of silicon-dioxide hollow microneedles with density of one million needles cm(-2) and lateral size of a few micrometers, protruding from the front-side chip surface for one hundred micrometers, to inject/draw fluids into/from the skin. The microneedles are in connection with independent reservoirs grooved on the back-side of the chip. Insertion experiments of the microchip in skin-like polymers (agarose hydrogels with concentrations of 2% and 4% wt) demonstrate that the microneedles successfully withstand penetration without breaking, despite their high density and small size, according to theoretical predictions. Operation of the microchip with different liquids of biomedical interest (deionized water, NaCl solution, and d-glucose solution) at different differential pressures, in the range 10-100 kPa, highlights that the flow-rate through the microneedles is linearly dependent on the pressure-drop, despite the small section area (about 13 μm(2)) of the microneedle bore, and can be finely controlled from a few ml min(-1) up to tens of ml min(-1). Evaporation (at room temperature) and acceleration (up to 80 g) losses through the microneedles are also investigated to quantify the ability of the chip in storing liquids (drug to be delivered or collected fluid) in the reservoir, and result to be of the order of 70 nl min(-1) and 1300 nl min(-1), respectively, at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
In-situ WetSTEM™ Analysis of FIB Fabricated Fluidic Structures (2013)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2013 in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, August 4 – August 8, 2013.
Size- and Time-Dependent Aerosol Removal from a Protective Box during Simulated Intubation and Extubation Procedures (2021)

Because the SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily spreads through droplets and aerosols, a protective box could provide adequate protection by shielding medical professionals during the intubation and extubation procedures from generated droplets and aerosols. In this study, size- and time-dependent aerosol concentrations were measured inside and outside the protective box in the particle size ranging from 14 nm to 20 μm during simulated intubation and extubation procedures. An improved protective box with active ventilation was designed based on a plastic bag with armholes covered with latex sheets that utilizes a supportive frame. Coughing during the intubation and extubation procedure was simulated using an aerosol generator which dispersed the aerosol powder into the protective box. During the intubation and extubation procedure, the concentration of particles increased inside the protective box but, due to the high negative airflow, quickly dropped to background levels. The particle concentration of all measured particle sizes decreased within the same time frame. No leakage of particles was observed through the armhole openings. The presented protective box design provides excellent protection against generated droplets and aerosols. The decrease in concentration does not depend on the particle size. Outside the box, particle concentration did not change with time.
A low-volume power management module for portable applications based on a multi-output switched-capacitor circuit (2013)

This paper introduces a 2-stage power management architecture for battery powered portable applications. The presented topology combines a fixed ratio multi-output switched capacitor converter stage with two-input buck converters to achieve low volume and high power processing efficiency. Experimental comparisons with a two-cell battery input conventional 5 V bus architecture, providing 15 W of total power in three different voltage outputs, demonstrate up to 50% reduction in the inductances of the downstream converter stages and up to 53% reduction in losses, equivalent to the improvement of the power processing efficiency of 12%.
Evaluering af ny tværfaglighed i naturfagene. (2017)

Abstract In lower secondary school in Denmark the science subjects biology, physic/chemistry and geography are framed by competence-based skills and knowledge aims. The subjects are being tested with two different tests at the end of year 9. One of the tests is an on-line written test in one of the subjects drawn by lot. The other is a new practical oral test in all three subjects at the same time. This present study focus on this new practical oral test, that is compulsory from summer exam 2017, but was tried voluntarily in pilot schools in summer exam 2016. We have made survey among science teachers in lower secondary school in Denmark, we received 94 complete replies. We have made observations and interviews with 10 teachers how participated in the pilot run of the test. The survey reveals that science teachers generally see many options in the integrated test, but that they also find it a challenge. The observations and interviews add nuances to the perspectives raised in the survey. Especially the need for proper instruction of the students is a common concern for the interviewed teachers. They do however also present some ideas and proposals for guidelines that can help the students.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Homochiral Aziridines and Amino Alcohols from Homochiral 1,2‐Cyclic Sulfates. (1989)

Abstract The cyclic sulfates (II), prepared from the diols (I), are cleaved with lithium azide (III) to yield the intermediate β‐azido sulfates (IV) which are reduced, forming the aziridines (V).
Primary human colonic mucosal barrier crosstalk with super oxygen-sensitive Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in continuous culture (2020)

Abstract The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and disease. Gnotobiotic animal and in vitro cell-based models provide some informative insights into mechanistic crosstalk. However, there is no existing system for a chronic co-culture of a human colonic mucosal barrier with super oxygen-sensitive commensal microbes, hindering the study of human-microbe interactions in a controlled manner. Here, we investigated the effects of an abundant super oxygen-sensitive commensal anaerobe, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , on a primary human mucosal barrier using a Gut-MIcrobiome (GuMI) physiome platform that we designed and fabricated. Chronic continuous co-culture of F. prausnitzii for two days with colon epithelia, enabled by continuous flow of completely anoxic apical media and aerobic basal media, resulted in a strictly anaerobic apical environment fostering growth of and butyrate production by F. prausnitzii , while maintaining a stable colon epithelial barrier. We identified elevated differentiation and hypoxia-responsive genes and pathways in the platform compared with conventional aerobic static culture of the colon epithelia, attributable to a combination of anaerobic environment and continuous medium replenishment. Furthermore, we demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of F. prausnitzii through HDAC and the TLR-NFKB axis. Finally, we identified that butyrate largely contributes to the anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating TLR3 and TLR4. Our results are consistent with some clinical observations regarding F. prausnitzii , thus motivating further studies employing this platform with more complex engineered colon tissues for understanding the interaction between the human colonic mucosal barrier and microbiota, pathogens, or engineered bacteria.
Development of an OECD two-generations reproduction test in Daphnia magna (2016)

International audience
Introduction (2002)

This book explores questions about changes to nation-states in Europe and about links with globalization processes and the European integration project. Central to this discussion is the consideration of the longevity of European cities and analysis of the link between nation-states and cities. The first part of the book deals with one category of European cities more precisely: that of medium-sized cities and regional capitals. The second part examines changes in the state, the erosion of national societies, and processes of globalization and re-territorialization of the economy, all of which, in Europe, have direct implications for actors, social groups, and organizations within cities. The third part of the book looks at the actors of European cities and the modes of governance that are allowing some cities to become collective actors. The chapter on actors, groups, and organizations in European cities is complemented by a chapter on changes to urban governments. Finally, the conclusion discusses the place of European cities in European societies, on the basis of a typology of modes of governance.
Stem‐Like Epithelial Cells Are Concentrated in the Distal End of the Fallopian Tube: A Site for Injury and Serous Cancer Initiation (2012)

The reproductive role of the fallopian tube is to transport the sperm and egg. The tube is positioned to act as a bridge between the ovary where the egg is released and the uterus where implantation occurs. Throughout reproductive years, the fallopian tube epithelium undergoes repetitive damage and regeneration. Although a reservoir of adult epithelial stem cells must exist to replenish damaged cells, they remain unidentified. Here, we report isolation of a subset of basally located human fallopian tube epithelia (FTE) that lack markers of ciliated (β-tubulin; TUBB4) or secretory (PAX8) differentiated cells. These undifferentiated cells expressed cell surface antigens: epithelial cell adhesion molecule, CD44, and integrin α 6. This FTE subpopulation was fivefold enriched for cells capable of clonal growth and self-renewal suggesting that they contain the FTE stem-like cells (FTESCs). A twofold enrichment of the FTESC was found in the distal compared to the proximal end of the tube. The distal fimbriated end of the fallopian tube is a well-characterized locus for initiation of serous carcinomas. An expansion of the cells expressing markers of FTESC was detected in tubal intraepithelial carcinomas and in fallopian tubes from patients with invasive serous cancer. These findings suggest that FTESC may play a role in the initiation of serous tumors. Characterization of these stem-like cells will provide new insight into how the FTE regenerate, respond to injury, and may initiate cancer.
Comparative virulence of different bovine rotavirus isolates. (1981)

Intestinal loops, ligated in colostrum-deprived calves were used to compare the virulence of four isolates of bovine rotavirus. Histopathological studies were carried out on infected and control loops and measurements of villous length, crypt depth, villus:crypt ratio and crypt mitotic index were recorded. Pathological changes associated with the rotaviruses included villous atrophy, flattening of absorptive epithelium and reduced villus:crypt ratios. The changes were confined to infected intestinal loops in which the presence of virus was demonstrated by specific immunofluorescence. Consistent differences in the measured histopathological changes suggested differences in virulence among the rotavirus isolates tested. The least virulent rotavirus isolate had a polypeptide electrophoretic pattern that differed from the other three more virulent isolates.
Three Column Contact Patterns for Spinal Cord Stimulation Offer Selective Dorsal Column Fiber Activation (2006)

Chi, John M.D.; Potts, Matt B.S.; Meeker, Michelle R.N., M.S.; Holland, Martin C. M.D.; Hemphill, J Claude M.D.; Manley, Geoffrey T. M.D.
Toward a Multiscale Model of the Uterine Electrical Activity (2011)

A comprehensive multiscale model of the uterine muscle electrical activity would permit understanding the important link between the genesis and evolution of the action potential at the cell level and the process leading to labor. Understanding this link can open the way to more effective tools for the prediction of labor and prevention of preterm delivery. A first step toward the realization of such a model is presented here. By using as starting point a previously published model of the generation of the uterine muscle action potential at the cell level, a significant reduction of the model complexity is here achieved in order to simulate 2-D propagation of the cellular activity at the uterine tissue level, for tissue strips of arbitrary dimension. From the obtained dynamic behavior of the electrical activity simulated at the tissue level, the use of a previously validated volume conductor model at the organ level permits us to simulate the electrohysterogram as recorded on the abdominal surface by an electrode array. Qualitative evaluation of the model at the cell level and at the organ level confirms the potential of the proposed multiscale approach for further refinement and extension aiming at clinical application.
First experiences with congestion control in InfiniBand hardware (2010)

In lossless interconnection networks congestion control (CC) can be an effective mechanism to achieve high performance and good utilization of network resources. Without CC, congestion in one node may grow into a congestion tree that can degrade the performance severely. This degradation can affect not only contributors to the congestion, but also throttles innocent traffic flows in the network. The InfiniBand standard describes CC functionality for detecting and resolving congestion. The InfiniBand CC concept is rich in the way that it specifies a set of parameters that can be tuned in order to achieve effective CC. There is, however, limited experience with the InfiniBand CC mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, only a few simulation studies exist. Recently, InfiniBand CC has been implemented in hardware, and in this paper we present the first experiences with such equipment. We show that the implemented InfiniBand CC mechanism effectively resolves congestion and improves fairness by solving the parking lot problem, if the CC parameters are appropriately set. By conducting extensive testing on a selection of the CC parameters, we have explored the parameter space and found a subset of parameter values that leads to efficient CC for our test scenarios. Furthermore, we show that the InfiniBand CC increases the performance of the well known HPC Challenge benchmark in a congested network.
Contact printed Co/insulator/Co molecular junctions (2007)

The authors report the contact printing of a Au∕Co double layer (total thickness ∼20–40nm) onto a self-assembled monolayer surface to form molecular junctions under ambient conditions. The feature size ranges from 50×50μm2to2×2mm2. Grazing incident x-ray diffraction of the multilayer junction shows all expected Au peaks, while elemental Co was confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Film thickness, roughness, and density were characterized by x-ray reflectivity. I-V measurements show a prominent hysteresis, likely associated with charge trapping at the metal-organic interface, not an intrinsic feature of alkanedithiol molecules.
On-body bluetooth link budget: Effects of surrounding objects and role of surface waves (2008)

Bluetooth is popular to be used in mobile handsets for short range data transfers. Evolution of Bluetooth headsets has added to its popularity and made it an essential part of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) notably the cellular phones. Human body is the integral part of such applications and affects their performance due to its lossy nature. This paper summarizes the results to characterize the effects of human body and the surrounding objects on the on-body Bluetooth link between a mobile handset antenna and Bluetooth headset antenna at 2440MHz. A thorough analysis is carried out to demonstrate the importance of surface waves in the on-body Bluetooth link.
Resistance to Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Used in the Treatment and Prevention of HIV-1 Infection (2015)

Inhibitors that target the retroviral enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) have played an indispensable role in the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection. They can be grouped into two distinct therapeutic groups, namely the nucleoside and nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs), and the non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs). NRTIs form the backbones of most first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens formulated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. They are also used to prevent mother-to-child transmission, and as pre-exposure prophylaxis in individuals at risk of HIV-1 infection. The NNRTIs nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz and rilpivirine also used to form part of first-line ART regimens, although this is no longer recommended, while etravirine can be used in salvage ART regimens. A single-dose of NVP administered to both mother and child has routinely been used in resource-limited settings to reduce the rate of HIV-1 transmission. Unfortunately, the development of HIV-1 resistance to RT inhibitors can compromise the efficacy of these antiviral drugs in both the treatment and prevention arenas. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on drug-resistance mutations in HIV-1 RT, and discuss their cross-resistance profiles, molecular mechanisms and clinical significance.
Novel freeze-dried foams from glutenin- and gliadin-rich fractions (2012)

This is the first study on freeze-dried foams prepared from glutenin- and gliadin-rich fractions of wheat gluten and blends thereof. It was found that the foam density and stiffness could be controlled by a suitable choice of the glutenin/gliadin ratio. The glutenin-rich samples had the highest foam densities and the density decreased with increasing gliadin content. The compression modulus also decreased with increasing gliadin content, which was explained by the decrease in foam density, a more open porosity and the more aggregated/polymerized structure in the presence of glutenin. IR and SE-HPLC revealed that the least aggregated foams were those consisting only of the gliadin-rich fraction. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed the presence of both HMW-glutenin and gliadin (to a certain extent probably resisting the ethanol extraction process) in the glutenin-rich foams. SAXS indicated that the gliadin-rich fraction contributed with weakly correlated protein aggregates with a characteristic distance of 40–43 Å.
A Low-Noise High-Dynamic-Range 17-b 1.3-Megapixel 30-fps CMOS Image Sensor With Column-Parallel Two-Stage Folding-Integration/Cyclic ADC (2012)

A 1.3-megapixel CMOS image sensor (CIS) with digital correlated double sampling and 17-b column-parallel two-stage folding-integration/cyclic analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is developed. The image sensor has 0.021-e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> vertical fixed pattern noise, 1.2-e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> pixel temporal noise, and 85.0-dB dynamic range using 32 samplings in the folding-integration ADC mode. Despite the large number of samplings (32 times), the prototype image sensor is demonstrated at the video rate operation of 30 Hz by the new architecture of the proposed ADCs and the high-performance peripheral logic (or digital) parts using low-voltage differential signaling circuit. The developed 17-b CIS has no visible quantization noise at very low light level of 0.01 lx because of high grayscale resolution where 1LSB = 0.1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> . The implemented CIS using 0.18- μm technology has the sensitivity of 20 V/lx ·s and the pixel conversion gain of 82 μV/e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> .
A novel synthesis of the monobactam antibiotic carumonam (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel synthesis of the monobactam antibiotic carumonamPercy S. Manchand, Kin Chun Luk, Peter S. Belica, Satish C. Choudhry, Chung Chen Wei, and Milan SoukupCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 23, 5507–5512Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00258a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00258a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1385Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Phenotypic analysis of HTLV-I Tax11-19-specific CD8+ cells (1999)

P074 Using soluble divalent HLA-Ig fusion proteins (HLA-A2Ig), HTLV-I Tax11-19-specific CD8+ cells from PBL of HLA A0201 HAM/TSP patients were found to represent a high proportion of the total CD8+ population respectively. As many as 10% of CD8+ T cells were HTLV-I tax11-19 specific. It was of interest to determine whether these cells represent naive T cells, effector T cells or memory T cells. It has been reported that combined staining with CD27 and CD45RA mAb is useful to discern between the T cell compartment. Naive T cells have been phenoptypically defined as CD27+, CD45RA+, effector T cells were CD27−, CD45RA+, and memory T cells were CD27+, CD45RA−. We observed these surface molecules on HTLV-I Tax11-19-specific CD8+ cells in PBMCs of three patients with HAM/TSP, using simultaneous staining with peptide (Tax11-19) loaded divalent HLA-A2/Ig chimeras, CD27 and CD45RA mAb. The majority (greater than 60%) of were CD27+CD45RA− cells, which were considered memory cells. Naive cells (CD27+CD45RA+) were represented by less than 10% of the HTLV-I Tax11-19-specific CD8+ and CD27−CD45RA+ phenotypically defined effector cells were 5.5%, 0% and 15.6%, respectively in three HAM/TSP patients. Of interest was the observation that CD27−CD45RA− cells, reflecting both memory and effector T cell populations, were 25.1%, 35.4% and 15.6% of the HTLV-I Tax11-19-specific CD8+ population. These results continue to define the in situ function of HTLV-I specific T cell populations in PBL of HAM/TSP patients. The persistence of a high frequency of CD27+CD45RA− HTLV-I Tax11-19-specific CD8+ cells may suggest that the cellular immune system is continuously driven by HTLV-I antigens in vivo and that these cells are involved in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐ and Trisubstituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine Derivatives: Synthesis, Dopamine Receptor Binding and Ligand Efficacy. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.