gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Czochralski growth and characterization of the multicomponent garnet (Lu1/4Yb1/4Y1/4Gd1/4)3Al5O12 (2021)

This work demonstrates the potential for practical scalable growth of complex garnets and evaluates the implications of a multicomponent composition in the optical quality and elemental distribution of a Czochralski-grown crystal. Our experimental approach was designed to elucidate the relation between a complex garnet composition ${({\mathrm{Lu}}_{1/4}{\mathrm{Yb}}_{1/4}{\mathrm{Y}}_{1/4}{\mathrm{Gd}}_{1/4})}_{3}{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$, crystal growth parameters, crystal structural, and elemental homogeneity. Our hypothesis is that combining multiple rare earths (REs) that will fractionally occupy the dodecahedral site in the aluminum garnet structure will result in a stable, single garnet compound that can be grown by the Czochralski method. Single-crystal and powder x-ray diffraction indicated a single garnet phase with an increasing unit cell volume from seed to tail. In addition, we propose that the pattern of elemental segregation will be based on the deviation of the ionic radius of each constituent RE from the average RE ionic radius of the multicomponent garnet. Electron probe microanalysis revealed that ions that are smaller than that average (${\mathrm{Lu}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$) are preferentially incorporated in the crystal, while elements that are larger than that average (${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$) are rejected. The ionic radius of ${\mathrm{Y}}^{3+}$ is close to that average and yttrium segregation was minimal. The concentrations of the four REs are closer to stoichiometric on the tail end of the boule. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis reveal Gd-rich inclusions with eutectic microstructures in the tail end of the boule.
Materials for Cell Surface Engineering (2023)

Cell therapies are emerging as a promising new therapeutic modality in medicine, generating effective treatments for previously incurable diseases. Clinical success of cell therapies has energized the field of cellular engineering, spurring further exploration of novel approaches to improve their therapeutic performance. Engineering of cell surfaces using natural and synthetic materials has emerged as a valuable tool in this endeavor. This review summarizes recent advances in the development of technologies for decorating cell surfaces with various materials including nanoparticles, microparticles, and polymeric coatings, focusing on the ways in which surface decorations enhance carrier cells and therapeutic effects. Key benefits of surface-modified cells include protecting the carrier cell, reducing particle clearance, enhancing cell trafficking, masking cell-surface antigens, modulating inflammatory phenotype of carrier cells, and delivering therapeutic agents to target tissues. While most of these technologies are still in the proof-of-concept stage, the promising therapeutic efficacy of these constructs from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies has laid a strong foundation for eventual clinical translation. Cell surface engineering with materials can imbue a diverse range of advantages for cell therapy, creating opportunities for innovative functionalities, for improved therapeutic efficacy, and transforming the fundamental and translational landscape of cell therapies.
LETHAL MURINE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN THE ABSENCE OF DETECTABLE CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES (1983)

The cytotoxic reactivity of cells recovered from host organs undergoing severe graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity resulting from donor-recipient histoincompatibility at the entire H-2 complex, the H-2 I region alone, or the H-2 K/D regions have been examined. In all H-2 or H-2 I-region-disparate combinations acute lethal GVH disease occurred. In H-2-K/D-region-disparate combinations mortality was only 60-80%; however, injections of Interleukin-2 increased mortality to 100%. Donor antihost cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) could be recovered from the organs and tissues of GVH animals mismatched at the entire H-2 complex or K/D mismatches but not from animals mismatched at only the I regions. In K/D region mismatches, only a weak transient antihost CTL response was detected. In the I region mismatches, antidonor cytotoxic reactivity appeared most frequently and could be expanded in vitro using Interleukin-2 (IL-2). In addition, lethal GVH disease was induced in hosts with cloned anti-I-A, Lyt-1+ noncytotoxic T helper cells. Thus, if CTLs or T suppressor cells are essential for the development of lethal GVH disease, they must be derived from the host per se. We conclude, therefore, that there is no absolute correlation between lethal GVH and the development of donor-derived CTLs or T suppressor cells.
A Thermistor-Based Temperature Sensor for a Real-Time Clock With <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm$</tex> </formula>2 ppm Frequency Stability (2015)

This paper describes the design of a temperature sensor based on integrated poly-silicon thermistors. The thermistors are incorporated in a Wien-bridge RC filter, which, in turn, is embedded in a frequency-locked loop. The loop's output frequency is then determined by the filter's temperature-dependent phase shift, thus realizing an energy-efficient and high resolution temperature sensor. After a 3-point calibration, the sensor achieves an inaccuracy of less than ±0.12 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C (min-max) from -40 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C to 85 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C. This translates into a frequency stability of better than ±2 ppm from -40 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C to 85 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C when the sensor is used to temperature compensate the quartz-crystal oscillator of a 32 kHz real-time clock. The 0.09 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sensor also achieves 2.8 mK (rms) resolution in a 32 ms conversion time while dissipating only 31 μW.
Degenerate Exchange Reactions: A Novel and General Way To Determine the Thermodynamic Perturbations on Transition Metal Complexes That Result from Ligand Oxidation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegenerate Exchange Reactions: A Novel and General Way To Determine the Thermodynamic Perturbations on Transition Metal Complexes That Result from Ligand OxidationCaroline A. Sassano and Chad A. MirkinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 45, 11379–11380Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00150a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00150a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sinter‐Resistant Platinum Catalyst Supported by Metal–Organic Framework (2017)

Abstract Single atoms and few‐atom clusters of platinum are uniformly installed on the zirconia nodes of a metal‐organic framework (MOF) NU‐1000 via targeted vapor‐phase synthesis. The catalytic Pt clusters, site‐isolated by organic linkers, are shown to exhibit high catalytic activity for ethylene hydrogenation while exhibiting resistance to sintering up to 200 °C. In situ IR spectroscopy reveals the presence of both single atoms and few‐atom clusters that depend upon synthesis conditions. Operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and X‐ray pair distribution analyses reveal unique changes in chemical bonding environment and cluster size stability while on stream. Density functional theory calculations elucidate a favorable reaction pathway for ethylene hydrogenation with the novel catalyst. These results provide evidence that atomic layer deposition (ALD) in MOFs is a versatile approach to the rational synthesis of size‐selected clusters, including noble metals, on a high surface area support.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chemicals by Metabolic Engineering of Microbes (2015)

Abstract Review: 256 refs.
High-Resolution Measurement of Fiber Length Change with Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometer Based on a Fiber-Ring Structure (2011)

A simple approach is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to improve measurement precision of short fiber length or fiber length change with an optical low-coherence reflectometer (OLCR). A fiber-ring structure composed of a coupler and a circulator is introduced in the test arm of OLCR to virtually multiply the length of the fiber under test. By measuring the multiplied fiber length under test, the measurement precision is enhanced. A precision enhancement of 10 times is successfully achieved.
Scanning Aperture Antennas with Spherical Shells (2019)

We report on a prototyping platform for antenna design at millimeter wave frequencies with a steerable beam. The antenna beam is formed by a designed aperture in a hollow metallic half-sphere (“shell”) on a circular ground plane which forms a cavity around the antenna feed. The aperture is rotatable around the fixed antenna feed which allows mechanical beam steering without the need for a millimeter wave rotary joint. The shell with the designed aperture is easily replaced by different designs to enable experiments with various beam shapes. Scanning is achieved by rotating the shell around a fixed monopole antenna feed at the center of the platform. Although our setup consists of several resonant parts, there are large enough regions of bandwidth with only a small variation in the antenna pattern.
CHAPTER 6. The Discovery of Teixobactin (2017)

Teixobactin is a novel antibiotic that has been isolated from Eleftheria Terrae, a Gram-negative bacterium. It displays potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), both of which have been designated as serious threats to public health. This antibacterial activity has also been proved in various animal models of infection. Its mechanism of action is novel and it exhibits an excellent resistance profile. The work described herewith details the successful analytical and synthetic chemistry work undertaken to delineate the absolute stereochemistry of teixobactin.
How To Make Electrocatalysts More Active for Direct Methanol OxidationAvoid PtRu Bimetallic Alloys! (2000)

Contrary to the current understanding of Pt−Ru electrocatalyzed oxidation of methanol, the bimetallic alloy is not the most desired form of the catalyst. In the nanoscale Pt−Ru blacks used to electrooxidize methanol in direct methanol fuel cells, Pt0Ru0 has orders of magnitude less activity for methanol oxidation than does a mixed-phase electrocatalyst containing Pt metal and hydrous ruthenium oxides (RuOxHy). Bulk, rather than near-surface, quantities of electron−proton conducting RuOxHy are required to achieve high activity for methanol oxidation. The active catalyst forms a nanoscopic, phase-separated hydrons oxide-on-metal structure that retains the Pt metal−RuOxHy boundaries required to oxidize methanol fully to carbon dioxide and water.
Wound Healing - A Proteomic Analysis of the Effect of Erythropoietin on Granulation Tissue Isolated from ePTFE Implants (2013)

Background: Erythropoietin is a multifunctional cytokine, with recent studies indicating a positive effect on wound healing in models of incisional and burn wounds. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in protein expression after daily injections of recombinant human erythropoietin in granulation tissue isolated from subcutaneous implants of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE tube). Methods: ePTFE tubes were implanted subcutaneously in twelve C57bl6 mice. Six of the mice were treated with daily subcutaneous injection of recombinant human erythropoietin of 1000 IU/kg. The remaining six mice, the control group, were treated with injections of 0.9% saline. The implants were removed on day 9 after implantation. The granulation tissue was isolated and analyzed for protein expression using a proteomic approach including two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Some of the results were confirmed with Western Blotting. Results: We identified 33 differentially expressed proteins in the rhEPO-treated group. Three proteins involved in the glycolytic pathway and mdash; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Alpha-enolase, and Triosephosphate isomerase and mdash; were altered in the granulation tissue from the rhEPO-treated group. Conclusion: Daily injection of recombinant human erythropoietin of 1000 IU/kg alters the protein expression of GAPDH, ENOA and TPIS in granulation tissue from wounds on postoperative day 9. The successful combination of proteomic analysis of wound tissue and the ePTFE wound model could advance our knowledge of the complex healing process. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2014; 3(1.000): 26-33]
<title>Comparison of wavefront-sensor techniques</title> (1992)

Several wavefront sensing techniques were tested against a common aberrated beam. The error on the beam was predominantly spherical aberration. The techniques included Shack- Hartmann Test, Lateral Shear interferometry, Point Diffraction Interferometry, and a Knife Edge Test. Beam calibration was accomplished using Fizeau Interferometry.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Genome-wide DNA Methylation Events in <i>TMPRSS2–ERG</i> Fusion-Negative Prostate Cancers Implicate an EZH2-Dependent Mechanism with <i>miR-26a</i> Hypermethylation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 947K, Supplementary Fig. S1. Differential methylations in PCa validated by BS-MS experiments. Supplementary Fig. S2. DNA-Methylomes of prostate cancer differ significantly from normal tissues. Supplementary Fig. S3. Global differences in DNA methylation patterns between tumor, normal, FUS+ and FUS- samples. Supplementary Fig. S4 Patientwise patterns of promoter hypermethylation and corresponding gene expression of EZH2 target genes. Supplementary Fig. S5 Methylation of the miRNA-26a genomic region&lt;/p&gt;
Optogenetic stimulation of a hippocampal engram activates fear memory recall (2012)

A specific memory is thought to be encoded by a sparse population of neurons. These neurons can be tagged during learning for subsequent identification3 and manipulation. Moreover, their ablation or inactivation results in reduced memory expression, suggesting their necessity in mnemonic processes. However, the question of sufficiency remains: it is unclear whether it is possible to elicit the behavioural output of a specific memory by directly activating a population of neurons that was active during learning. Here we show in mice that optogenetic reactivation of hippocampal neurons activated during fear conditioning is sufficient to induce freezing behaviour. We labelled a population of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons activated during fear learning with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and later optically reactivated these neurons in a different context. The mice showed increased freezing only upon light stimulation, indicating light-induced fear memory recall. This freezing was not detected in non-fear-conditioned mice expressing ChR2 in a similar proportion of cells, nor in fear-conditioned mice with cells labelled by enhanced yellow fluorescent protein instead of ChR2. Finally, activation of cells labelled in a context not associated with fear did not evoke freezing in mice that were previously fear conditioned in a different context, suggesting that light-induced fear memory recall is context specific. Together, our findings indicate that activating a sparse but specific ensemble of hippocampal neurons that contribute to a memory engram is sufficient for the recall of that memory. Moreover, our experimental approach offers a general method of mapping cellular populations bearing memory engrams.
A Covalent Organic Framework–Cadmium Sulfide Hybrid as a Prototype Photocatalyst for Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production (2014)

CdS nanoparticles were deposited on a highly stable, two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) matrix and the hybrid was tested for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The efficiency of CdS-COF hybrid was investigated by varying the COF content. On the introduction of just 1 wt% of COF, a dramatic tenfold increase in the overall photocatalytic activity of the hybrid was observed. Among the various hybrids synthesized, that with 10 wt% COF, named CdS-COF (90:10), was found to exhibit a steep H2 production amounting to 3678 μmol h(-1) g(-1), which is significantly higher than that of bulk CdS particles (124 μmol h(-1) g(-1)). The presence of a π-conjugated backbone, high surface area, and occurrence of abundant 2D hetero-interface highlight the usage of COF as an effective support for stabilizing the generated photoelectrons, thereby resulting in an efficient and high photocatalytic activity.
Preliminary results from the AFRL-NASA W/V-band terrestrial link experiment in Albuquerque, NM (2016)

Atmospheric propagation models and the measurements that train them are critical to the design of efficient and effective space-ground links. As communication systems advance to higher frequencies in search of higher data rates and open spectrum, a lack data at these frequencies necessitates new measurements to properly develop, validate, and refine the models used for link budgeting and system design. In collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), NASA Glenn Research Center has deployed the W/V-band Terrestrial Link Experiment (WTLE) in Albuquerque, NM to conduct a measurement campaign at 72 and 84 GHz, among the first atmospheric propagation measurements at these frequencies. WTLE has been operational since October 1, 2015, and the system design shall be herein discussed alongside preliminary results and performance.
The Committee for Advanced Therapies' of the European Medicines Agency Reflection Paper on Management of Clinical Risks Deriving from Insertional Mutagenesis (2013)

In the European Union, the Committee for Advanced Therapies of the European Medicines Agency takes the lead in the scientific assessment for marketing authorization applications for advanced therapy medicinal products, which include gene therapy medicinal products, somatic cell therapy medicinal products, and tissue-engineered products. The Committee for Advanced Therapies also takes the lead in defining the scientific framework for the quality, nonclinical and clinical development of such products. This reflection paper represents the Committee's current thinking on management of clinical risks deriving from insertional mutagenesis. A multidisciplinary approach to insertional mutagenesis is provided. This reflection paper has been adopted by the committee in its April 2013 meeting.
Human Gut-On-A-Chip Supports Polarized Infection of Coxsackie B1 Virus In Vitro (2017)

Analysis of enterovirus infection is difficult in animals because they express different virus receptors than humans, and static cell culture systems do not reproduce the physical complexity of the human intestinal epithelium. Here, using coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) as a prototype enterovirus strain, we demonstrate that human enterovirus infection, replication and infectious virus production can be analyzed in vitro in a human Gut-on-a-Chip microfluidic device that supports culture of highly differentiated human villus intestinal epithelium under conditions of fluid flow and peristalsis-like motions. When CVB1 was introduced into the epithelium-lined intestinal lumen of the device, virions entered the epithelium, replicated inside the cells producing detectable cytopathic effects (CPEs), and both infectious virions and inflammatory cytokines were released in a polarized manner from the cell apex, as they could be detected in the effluent from the epithelial microchannel. When the virus was introduced via a basal route of infection (by inoculating virus into fluid flowing through a parallel lower 'vascular' channel separated from the epithelial channel by a porous membrane), significantly lower viral titers, decreased CPEs, and delayed caspase-3 activation were observed; however, cytokines continued to be secreted apically. The presence of continuous fluid flow through the epithelial lumen also resulted in production of a gradient of CPEs consistent with the flow direction. Thus, the human Gut-on-a-Chip may provide a suitable in vitro model for enteric virus infection and for investigating mechanisms of enterovirus pathogenesis.
Evolution of Microstructure and Precipitation in Heat-Treatable Aluminium Alloys during ECA Pressing and Subsequent Heat Treatment (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Motor Rehabilitation Using Kinect: A Systematic Review (2015)

Research and development possibilities and future works with the Kinect for rehabilitation application are extensive. Methodological improvements when performing studies on this area need to be further investigated.
Harmonic Motion Microwave Doppler Imaging: A Simulation Study Using a Simple Breast Model (2013)

A hybrid method for tissue imaging using dielectric and elastic properties is proposed and investigated with simple bi-layered breast model. In this method, local harmonic motion is generated in the tissue using a focused ultrasound probe. A narrow-band microwave signal is transmitted to the tissue. The Doppler component of the scattered signal, which depends on the dielectric and elastic properties of the vibrating region, is sensed. A plane-wave spectrum technique is used together with reciprocity theorem for calculating the response of a vibrating electrically small spherical tumor in breast tissue. The effects of operating frequency, antenna alignment and distance, and tumor depth on the received signal are presented. The effect of harmonic motion frequency on the vibration amplitude and displacement distribution is investigated with mechanical simulations using the finite element method. The safety of the method is analyzed in terms of microwave and ultrasound exposure of the breast tissue. The results show that the method has a potential in detecting tumors inside fibro-glandular breast tissue.