gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Effects of stimulated Raman scattering on distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifiers</title> (1992)

Effects of stimulated Raman scattering on the distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifier are studied numerically. The pump wavelength is 1.48 micrometers and the signal wavelength lies between 1.52 micrometers and 1.57 micrometers . The competition between the gain from stimulated Raman scattering and the gain from the pumped erbium ions is shown. It is found that the signal gain is enhanced by SRS except for the signal near 1.53 micrometers .
Measurement of peritoneal fluid absorption and ultrafiltration during peritoneal dialysis using segmental bioimpedance (2022)

The aim of this study was to measure intraperitoneal volume (IPV) and ultrafiltration volume (UFV) by monitoring the abdominal resistance using segmental bioimpedance analysis (SBIA, Hydra 4200). Twenty peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were studied during a fill with 2 L of 2.5% glucose peritoneal dialysate solution. UFV<sub>Drain</sub> (g) was measured as weight difference between fill and drain dialysate volumes. Ultrafiltration volume (UFV<sub>SBIA</sub>; ml) and absorption volume were calculated from the IPV curve derived by SBIA. UFV<sub>SBIA</sub> correlated with UFVDrain ( ). This study may provide actionable clinical insights and help clinicians to better understand the function of the peritoneal membrane in individuals. Clinical Relevance-This technique may support personalized medicine by aiding the prescription of PD therapy on a patient-level.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of the Regioselectivity of Some Esterifications Involving Methyl 4,6‐O‐Benzylidene D‐Pyranosides and Pseudomonas fluorescens Lipase. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Peripherally Selective CB1 Receptor Antagonist Improves Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Mice (2021)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder that stems from the additive effects of multiple underlying causes such as obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation. The endocannabinoid system plays a central role in appetite regulation, energy balance, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function. The type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) antagonist SR141716A (rimonabant) showed promising antiobesity effects, but its use was discontinued due to adverse psychiatric events in some users. These adverse effects are due to antagonism of CB1R in the central nervous system (CNS). As such, CNS-sparing CB1R antagonists are presently being developed for various indications. In this study, we report that a recently described compound, 3-{1-[8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)-9<i>H</i>-purin-6-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-1-[6-(difluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]urea (RTI1092769), a pyrazole based weak inverse agonist/antagonist of CB1 with very limited brain exposure, improves MetS related complications. Treatment with RTI1092769 inhibited weight gain and improved glucose utilization in obese mice maintained on a high fat diet. Hepatic triglyceride content and steatosis significantly improved with treatment. These phenotypes were supported by improvement in several biomarkers associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). These results reinforce the idea that CB1 antagonists with limited brain exposure should be pursued for MetS and other important indications.
Microwave-assisted digestion and NaOH treatment of waste-activated sludge to recover phosphorus by crystallizing struvite (2016)

A number of studies of waste-activated sludge (WAS) pretreatments, aimed at releasing phosphorus (P) from WAS and increasing the amount of P that can be recovered, have been performed. Here, a microwave-assisted digestion and NaOH treatment (MWs & NaOH) coupled crystallizing struvite, to promote the solubilization, transformation, and recovery of P from WAS, is proposed. Microwaves (MWs) can cause cavities to form in WAS, weakening the bonds between extracellular polymeric substances and the solid phase. Irradiating with MWs significantly increased the efficiency at which P was dissolved (i.e. transferred from the solid to the liquid phase) and the efficiency at which organic P was hydrolyzed and transformed into inorganic P when the NaOH treatment was performed. The P solubilization and transformation characteristic achieved in different treatments was examined by scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix analysis. The MWs & NaOH method released 34.20-43.73% of total P from WAS, and 23.48-32.07% of the total P was recovered by crystallizing struvite at pH 9.5 and Mg:P ratio of 1.5:1. It would cost about USD 85-103 per ton of dry WAS to treat WAS using the MWs & NaOH method.
Toxicity of Sucrose Octanoate to Egg, Nymphal, and Adult <I>Bemisia tabaci</I> (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Using a Novel Plant-Based Bioassay (2005)

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), B biotype, presents a unique problem for vegetable growers by serving as a vector of plant viruses and by inducing physiological disorders of leaves and fruit. An action threshold of a single whitefly is necessary because of the threat of disease in many areas and growers rely heavily on a single class of insecticides (neonicotinoids) for whitefly control. Additional control methods are needed to manage this pest in commercial vegetables. Extracts of wild tobacco contain natural sugar esters that have previously been shown effective in controlling many soft-bodied insects. We developed a novel tomato leaf bioassay system to assess a synthetic sugar ester derivative, sucrose octanoate, for insecticidal activity against the eggs, nymphs, and adults of B. tabaci. The LC50 values for sucrose octanoate against adults, second instars, and fourth instars of the whitefly were 880, 686, and 1,571 ppm, respectively. The LC50 against whitefly eggs was higher (11,446 ppm) but indicated that some egg mortality occurred at the recommended application rate of 0.8-1.2% (3,200-4,800 ppm [Al]). Toxicity of sugar esters to whitefly eggs has not been reported previously. The tomato leaf bioassay produced reliable and repeatable results for whitefly toxicity studies and predicted that effective nymph and adult whitefly control can be achieved with sucrose octanoate at application rates < or = 1% (4,000 ppm [AI]). Field efficacy studies are warranted to determine whether this biorational pesticide has application in commercial tomato production.
Evidence for intranasal oxytocin delivery to the brain: recent advances and future perspectives (2018)

The neuropeptide oxytocin plays an evolutionarily conserved role in mammalian social behavior. To experimentally manipulate central levels of oxytocin, animal studies have adopted direct intracerebroventricular (ICV) delivery to the brain, given that only small amounts of peripherally circulating oxytocin are thought to transfer from the periphery to the central compartment. Despite striking effects on social behavior in animals, ICV drug delivery is largely impractical for human therapies. Intranasal oxytocin delivery provides a non-invasive alternative to increase central oxytocin activity, and has shown promise as a treatment for psychiatric illnesses characterized by social dysfunction. Intranasal oxytocin delivery is purported to increase central oxytocin concentrations via channels surrounding trigeminal and olfactory nerve fibres, which may facilitate increased activity at central oxytocin receptors. This review outlines the evidence for intranasal oxytocin delivery increasing central concentrations or activity, identifies current knowledge gaps, and highlights future research opportunities. Recent efforts to enhance intranasal oxytocin delivery via improved intranasal delivery technology and dose-ranging studies are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer Composites for Thermoelectric Applications (2015)

Abstract Review: 131 refs.
Sputtering of Aluminum Film Using Microwave Plasma with High Magnetic Field (1991)

A newly developed microwave plasma with magnetic field (2B mode) two times higher than the ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) condition was, for the first time, applied to the sputtering of aluminum film at Ar pressure lower than 5×10 -4 Torr. The highly (111)-oriented polycrystal grain structure with no other crystal orientation was obtained by cooling the substrate to -120°C. The degree of (111) orientation was further enhanced by applying negative bias on the substrate. On the other hand, the filling of a half-micron trench of aspect ratio 3 was satisfactorily achieved at 300°C, which was much lower than that by the conventional method employing DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering. The salient feature of 2B mode plasma is the high ionization rate of atoms, more than 50%. Hence, it is most likely that the enhancement of surface diffusion due to the ion bombardment effect on near surface atoms plays the essential role in the lowering of the filling temperature and the enhancement of (111) orientation.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells engineered to recognize the P329G-mutated Fc part of effector-silenced tumor antigen-targeting human IgG1 antibodies enable modular targeting of solid tumors (2022)

P329G-targeting CAR T cells combined with antigen-binding human IgG1 antibodies containing the P329G Fc mutation mediate pronounced in vitro and in vivo effector functions in different solid tumor models, warranting further clinical translation of this concept.
Supplementary Data from Targeting BET Proteins BRD2 and BRD3 in Combination with PI3K-AKT Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. ARID1A sequencing in OCI cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Microfluidics for Chemical Synthesis: Flow Chemistry (2018)

Klavs F. Jensen is Warren K. Lewis Professor in Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Here he describes the use of microfluidics for chemical synthesis, from the early demonstration examples to the current efforts with automated droplet microfluidic screening and optimization techniques.
Polarisation-channel-interleaved CS-RZ transmission at 40 Gbit/s with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency (2002)

Experimental results are reported of polarisation-channel-interleaved carrier-suppressed RZ (PCI CS-RZ) ETDM/DWDM transmission of 8×40 Gbit/s over 320 km (2×160 km) NDSF, with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency. An average system linear Q of 6.5 at a PRBS pattern length of 231−1 and tolerance to at least 50% degradation in orthogonality are demonstrated.
Development of a Bioorthogonal and Highly Efficient Conjugation Method for Quantum Dots Using Tetrazine−Norbornene Cycloaddition (2010)

We present a bioorthogonal and modular conjugation method for efficient coupling of organic dyes and biomolecules to quantum dots (QDs) using a norbornene-tetrazine cycloaddition. The use of noncoordinating functional groups combined with the rapid rate of the cycloaddition leads to highly efficient conjugation. We have applied this method to the in situ targeting of norbornene-coated QDs to live cancer cells labeled with tetrazine-modified proteins.
CONCEPTUALIZING FRAILTY AND RESILIENCY AND THEIR PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS (2017)

The prevention of age-related frailty and the promotion of resiliency will depend on more basic biological etiologic discovery. The biology that underlies both frailty and resiliency in older adults is complex and multisystemic and linked to physiological stress response systems. This session will provide a brief overview of the conceptualization of physical frailty and resiliency in both clinical and in research models and how they have been used for biological discovery. Examples of how the innate immune system, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, and the renin-angiotensin system drive frailty and multisystem decline will be provided. A conceptual model of how age-related biological changes in cells and tissues sets the stage for subsequent physiological change will also be described. This will set the stage for a subsequent series of talks that will connect age-related cellular and molecular changes back to these physiological systems and to biologic discovery around frailty and resiliency.
The Radical Chemistry of Thiocarbonylthio Compounds: An Overview (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Historical Overview and Early Chemistry The Barton–McCombie Deoxygenation A Minor Mechanistic Controversy A New Degenerative Radical Process Synthetic Routes to Thiocarbonylthio Derivatives Some Synthetic Applications of the Degenerative Radical Transfer to Small Molecules Applications to Controlled Radical Polymerizations Concluding Remarks
Effets des modes de logement et d’alimentation des truies en gestation sur leurs performances zootechniques et leurs comportements. (2010)

National audience
Aspherical laser resonators: An analogy with quantum mechanics (1992)

We develop an analogy between the transverse modes of a class of aspherical laser resonators and the eigenstates of the stationary Schr\"odinger equation with a potential well directly related to the mirror profile. Using a perturbation method, the equivalence is shown to be valid for a short cavity length in comparison with the Rayleigh range of the fundamental mode, i.e., the most practical situation. Numerical examples with mirror profiles corresponding to a P\"oschl-Teller potential confirm the validity of the model. The analysis also includes higher-order corrections for the case of a longer resonator length. The analogy with quantum mechanics should be useful for designing laser resonators with a high discrimination against higher-order transverse modes.
Reply to Chang and Yew (2020)

Author(s): Sotgiu, Giovanni; Battista Migliori, Giovanni; Menzies, Dick; Mase, Sundari; Chorba, Terence; Seaworth, Barbara; Nahid, Payam
Randomized phase II/III clinical trial of elpamotide for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: PEGASUS‐PC Study (2015)

Gemcitabine is a key drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, with its limitation in clinical benefits, the development of another potent therapeutic is necessary. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 is an essential target for tumor angiogenesis, and we have conducted a phase I clinical trial using gemcitabine and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 peptide (elpamotide). Based on the promising results of this phase I trial, a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II/III clinical trial has been carried out for pancreatic cancer. The eligibility criteria included locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Patients were assigned to either the Active group (elpamotide + gemcitabine) or Placebo group (placebo + gemcitabine) in a 2:1 ratio by the dynamic allocation method. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The Harrington-Fleming test was applied to the statistical analysis in this study to evaluate the time-lagged effect of immunotherapy appropriately. A total of 153 patients (Active group, n = 100; Placebo group, n = 53) were included in the analysis. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the prolongation of overall survival (Harrington-Fleming P-value, 0.918; log-rank P-value, 0.897; hazard ratio, 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.486-1.557). Median survival time was 8.36 months (95% CI, 7.46-10.18) for the Active group and 8.54 months (95% CI, 7.33-10.84) for the Placebo group. The toxicity observed in both groups was manageable. Combination therapy of elpamotide with gemcitabine was well tolerated. Despite the lack of benefit in overall survival, subgroup analysis suggested that the patients who experienced severe injection site reaction, such as ulceration and erosion, might have better survival.
Stimulation of phosphorylase b kinase by the calcium-dependent regulator. (1980)

The calcium-dependent regulator (CDR), which activates several enzymes, stimulated nonactivated phosphorylase kinase 2-to 6-fold at pH 6.8 and to a much smaller extent at pH 8.2.Half-maximal stimulation occurred with 16 1 1 ~ CDR.The stimulation by CDR was independent of the concentration of phosphorylase kinase and was observed when the substrate was phosphorylase b, glycogen synthase, or phosphorylase kinase itself.The addition of CDR did not affect the activation constant for glycogen or the apparent K,,, values for phosphorylase b and ATP.CDR had little or no effect on phosphorylase kinase which had been activated by phosphorylation.In contrast to CDR, glycogen increased phosphorylase kinase activity 4-to %fold even at pH 8.2 and after activation by phosphorylation.In the absence of added CDR, the activity of nonactivated and activated phosphorylase kinase was reversibly inhibited by trifluoperazine, a phenothiazine derivative which interacts with CDR.In addition, 80 p trifluoperazine eliminated the stimulation by added CDR when the drug was added either before or after the kinase had been incubated for 10 min with CDR in the phosphorylase kinase reaction mixture.When the enzyme was "activated" by trypsin treatment, the response to both glycogen and CDR was lost.As a result, trypsin treatment caused activation when activity was measured in the absence of glycogen and CDR but inactivation when activity was measured in the presence of glycogen and CDR.Trypsin treatment also rendered the enzyme less sensitive to inhibition by EGTA, a calcium chelator which completely inhibits nonproteolytized phosphorylase kinase.The results presented here suggest that the activity of phosphorylase kinase is dependent on the presence of CDR as a subunit, which can be inhibited by trifluoperazine, and that the effect of added CDR is dependent on interaction at a second binding site. ~~Phosphorylase kinase catalyzes the calcium-dependent phosphorylation of phosphorylase b (1) and glycogen synthase (2-4).It can also catalyze its own phosphorylation in an
Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Barrier Foam Dressing in Patients with Exuding Wounds (2021)

The study was conducted to evaluate the safety, efficacy and tolerability of Barrier Foam Dressing (BFD) combined with ammonium Polyquaternary compoundpoly(DADMAC) with regard to effect on wound characteristics i.e., size, discharge, granulation; extent of dressing breakthrough in exuding wounds, pain and time to wound closure by epithelization or readiness for secondary suturing or skin grafting.
Abstract 2673: In silico design of E2F1 mimics as potential anticancer agents (2010)

Abstract Introduction. We report the construction of a homology model of the human E2F1-DP1 transcription factor complex with DNA to be used as a tool for design of drugs targeted to the promoter of this oncogene based on interference of transcription factor binding. Using shape-based docking and force field calculations, we investigate the development of novel penetratin-based (PED) peptides, obtained by phage display, (E2F1 mimics) as potential binders to the major groove of GC-rich regions of DNA. Computational Procedures. The homology model of E2F1-DP1 complex with DNA was built using the Modeller (9v5) program. We used the DNA binding domains of the E2F1 and DP1 sequences (NCBI accession #'s AAC50719 and NP009042 respectively), and the x-ray crystal structure of the E2F4-DP2 complex with DNA (1CF7.pdb) as the primary template. The DNA from the crystal structure was modeled in place using the default spatial constraints in Modeller. The PED based peptide models were built using the x-ray crystal structure of the antennapedia homeodomain-DNA complex (9ANT.pdb) as a template. The alignment is shown below (The penetratin portion is shown in bold and the variable portion is in italics.). _aln.pos 10 20 30 40 50 60 9antA RQTYTRYQTLELEKEFHFNRYLTRRRRIEIAHALSLTERQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK—–EN brt1 ————————————–RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKHHHRLSH _consrvd **************** The PatchDock program was used to dock the peptides to the DNA structure from 1CF7.pdb based on shape complementarity. The best shape scoring major-groove binding orientation was selected and refined via energy minimization using the Amber ff99SB force field. Interaction energy scores were computed from the non-bonded energy terms of the Amber force field (Eint = ∑ Evdw + ∑ Eelec). Data Summary. The HHHRLSH sequence is predicted to form a more stable complex compared to the GGGALSA sequence. The PED-HHHRLSH peptide was shown to have potent activity against several cancer cell lines (Xie, et al. AACR 2009). In the case of the HHHRLSH sequence, the model predicts enhanced stability in going from L-Arg (−646.0 kcal/mol) to D-Arg (−688.0 kcal/mol). Conclusions. The α3 helix of E2F1 composed of KRRIYDITNVLEGI binds to the major groove of GC-rich DNA. The PED-HHHRLSH peptide complex with DNA (−646.0 kcal/mol) has similar interaction energy to that of the E2F1-DNA complex (−653.0 kcal/mol), is a stable α-helical structure, and is a potential E2F1 mimic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2673.
Kallikrein‐binding protein is induced by growth hormone in the dwarf rat (1999)

Rat kallikrein-binding protein (KBP), a member of the serpin family, is a tissue kallikrein inhibitor. It has been shown to be a potential pathogenic factor of diabetic retinopathy and may play a role in animal development and growth. To determine whether reduced KBP expression is involved in retarded animal growth, we examined the in vivo effect of growth hormone (GH) deficiency on the expression of KBP in the Lewis dwarf (dw/dw). We found that serum levels of functionally active KBP were reduced in the dwarf rat (P < 0.05) as determined by complex formation assay between serum KBP and (125)I-labeled rat tissue kallikrein. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that KBP levels were significantly reduced in the serum of the dwarf rat compared to the Lewis rat (213.8 ng/ml vs. 413.8 ng/ml, n = 4, P < 0.01). The decreased KBP levels were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Moreover, treatment of the dwarf rat with recombinant human GH for 4 wk resulted in a significant increase in KBP activity (P < 0.01) and serum KBP levels compared with the untreated dwarf rat (549.8 ng/ml, n = 5, vs. 213.8 ng/ml, n = 4, P < 0.02). Northern blot analysis and densitometry showed that liver KBP mRNA levels were reduced by fivefold in the dwarf rat compared to the Lewis rat and the decrease was reversed by the GH treatment. These results indicate that the KBP levels are regulated at the RNA level. Furthermore, in vitro studies using cultured rat hepatocytes showed that GH may have a direct regulatory effect on KBP expression since KBP levels increased in the conditioned media of cells treated with GH. These results demonstrated that KBP is reduced in the genetic dwarf rat and is restored to normal by GH; therefore, KBP is a GH-dependent protein and may be a new target for studying the mechanism of pathological animal growth.