gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Refined nickel anodes: pointers to industrial best practice (2011)

Refined primary nickel in various forms of cut squares, circular and spherical shapes is used commercially in titanium anode baskets for anodes in electroplating and electroforming processes. Studies were conducted using test methods developed to determine performance characteristics under anodic dissolution in simulated production plant conditions. Efficiency of dissolution; power consumption; microsurface pitting; packing density and accumulation of insoluble residues were evaluated. The results provide guidance on the selection of primary nickel anode forms for use in titanium baskets enabling end users to adopt best practice for achieving cost savings in production by addressing the value of nickel inventory and application of working capital, consumption of electrical power and the optimum use of materials, labour and overheads. Reduction of waste in cleaning nickel anode baskets and bags can save nickel metal, salts and electrolyte additives, has consequent environmental benefits and ameliorates worker occupational health and safety (OH&S) risks. The results reported in this study are consistent with those observed over 6 years in many different nickel plating plants and applications.
Quantitative scanning electron microscope measurement of resistance of incomplete contact holes in ultralarge scale integrated devices (2005)

A method for measuring quantitative resistance of incomplete contact holes in ultralarge scale integrated devices-which uses the brightness of voltage contrast in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images-was proposed. The voltage contrast between a contact hole and the surrounding SiO2 surface was observed by both high and low electron-beam-current SEMs and compared with the resistance of that contact hole measured by a nanoprober. The relationship between the SEM-image brightness and the contact-hole resistance was analyzed theoretically by voltage-contrast simulation based on time-differential equations. It was found that the brightness, within 0<log(RIp)<3, is proportional to log(RIp), where R is the contact resistance and Ip is the irradiating electron-beam current. It is thus concluded that resistance of incomplete contact holes can be determined quantitatively by utilizing the relationship between SEM-image brightness and the contact-hole resistance.
Identification of a male schizophrenic patient carrying a de novo balanced translocation, t(4; 13)(p16.1; q21.31) (2004)

Herein is reported the case of a male patient with schizophrenia who displayed a de novo balanced translocation between the short arm of chromosome 4 and the long arm of chromosome 13, t(4; 13)(p16.1; q21.31). The 4p16.1 region is where the causative gene (WFS1) for Wolfram syndrome has been mapped. In Wolfram syndrome, approximately 60% of patients suffer from major mental illness. The other breakpoint, chromosome 13q21.31, is another region where previous linkage studies have repeatedly detected linkage to schizophrenia. The documentation of the present case could therefore provide a valuable resource for identifying disease susceptibility genes by localizing the breakpoints.
The role of xylulokinase inSaccharomyces cerevisiaexylulose catabolism (2000)

Many yeast species have growth rates on D-xylulose of 25-130% of those on glucose, but for Saccharomyces cerevisiae this ratio is only about 6%. The xylulokinase reaction has been proposed to be the rate-limiting step in the D-xylulose fermentation with S. cerevisiae. Over-expression of xylulokinase encoding XKS1 stimulated growth on D-xylulose in a S. cerevisiae strain to about 20% of the growth rate on glucose and deletion of the gene prevented growth on D-xylulose and D-xylulose metabolism. We have partially purified the xylulokinase and characterised its kinetic properties. It is reversible and will also accept D-ribulose as a substrate.
A Micropower Low-Noise Neural Recording Front-End Circuit for Epileptic Seizure Detection (2011)

This paper describes a micropower low-noise neural front-end circuit capable of recording epileptic fast ripples (FR). The front-end circuit consisting of a preamplifier followed by a 6th-order bandpass filter is designed for signal sensing in a future epileptic deep brain stimulator. A current-splitting technique is combined with an output-branch current scaling technique in a folded-cascode amplifier structure to improve the noise and power tradeoff in the preamplifier. In measurements, the preamplifier exhibits 39.4 dB DC gain, 0.36 Hz to 1.3 kHz of -3 dB bandwidth, and 3.07 μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> total input-referred noise while consuming 2.4 μW from a 2.8 V power supply provided by an on-chip regulator circuit. A noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 3.09 is achieved with minimal power consumption and is one of the lowest published to date. The 6th-order follow-the-leader feedback elliptic bandpass filter passes FR signals and provides -110 dB/decade attenuation to out-of-band frequency components. In measurements, the entire front-end circuit achieves a mid-band gain of 38.5 dB, a bandwidth from 250 to 486 Hz, and a total input-referred noise of 2.48 μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> while consuming 4.5 μW from the 2.8 V power supply. The front-end NEF achieved is 7.6. To the authors' knowledge, the proposed epileptic seizure- detection system is the first to achieve the FR-recording functionality. The chip is fabricated in a standard 0.6 μm CMOS process. Die size is 0.45 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Spider U-Net: Incorporating Inter-Slice Connectivity Using LSTM for 3D Blood Vessel Segmentation (2021)

Blood vessel segmentation (BVS) of 3D medical imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an essential task in the clinical field. Automation of 3D BVS using deep supervised learning is being researched, and U-Net-based approaches, which are considered as standard for medical image segmentation, are proposed a lot. However, the inherent characteristics of blood vessels, e.g., they are complex and narrow, as well as the resolution and sensitivity of the imaging modalities increases the difficulty of 3D BVS. We propose a novel U-Net-based model named Spider U-Net for 3D BVS that considers the connectivity of the blood vessels between the axial slices. To achieve this, long short-term memory (LSTM), which can capture the context of the consecutive data, is inserted into the baseline model. We also propose a data feeding strategy that augments data and makes Spider U-Net stable. Spider U-Net outperformed 2D U-Net, 3D U-Net, and the fully convolutional network-recurrent neural network (FCN-RNN) in dice coefficient score (DSC) by 0.048, 0.077, and 0.041, respectively, for our in-house brain MRA dataset and also achieved the highest DSC for two public datasets. The results imply that considering inter-slice connectivity with LSTM improves model performance in the 3D BVS task.
MS-qFRET: A quantum dot-based method for analysis of DNA methylation (2009)

DNA methylation contributes to carcinogenesis by silencing key tumor suppressor genes. Here we report an ultrasensitive and reliable nanotechnology assay, MS-qFRET, for detection and quantification of DNA methylation. Bisulfite-modified DNA is subjected to PCR amplification with primers that would differentiate between methylated and unmethylated DNA. Quantum dots are then used to capture PCR amplicons and determine the methylation status via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Key features of MS-qFRET include its low intrinsic background noise, high resolution, and high sensitivity. This approach detects as little as 15 pg of methylated DNA in the presence of a 10,000-fold excess of unmethylated alleles, enables reduced use of PCR (as low as eight cycles), and allows for multiplexed analyses. The high sensitivity of MS-qFRET enables one-step detection of methylation at PYCARD, CDKN2B, and CDKN2A genes in patient sputum samples that contain low concentrations of methylated DNA, which normally would require a nested PCR approach. The direct application of MS-qFRET on clinical samples offers great promise for its translational use in early cancer diagnosis, prognostic assessment of tumor behavior, as well as monitoring response to therapeutic agents.
Novel Dynamic and Static Methods for Out-of-Band Power Suppression in SC-OFDM (2015)

Novel dynamic and static out-of-band (OoB) suppression methods for single carrier (SC)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are proposed in this letter. In the dynamic approach, symbols at designated positions from the previous block are inserted at predetermined positions in the current block to maintain continuity between blocks. In the static method, a fixed sequence of symbols is inserted in an SC-OFDM block for OoB power suppression. In both approaches, OoB power can be suppressed significantly by controlling design parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: XPS and FTIR Study of Ru/Al2O3 and Ru/TiO2 Catalysts: Reduction Characteristics and Interaction with a Methane—Oxygen Mixture. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Women in engineering: Statistical analysis of ACT data and proposed procedure to reverse trend (2011)

Women have historically been underrepresented both in college majors and professional careers in STEM fields. This disparity can be observed in many countries, though it is most evident in the US. In this paper we analyze historical ACT data over a 30-year span and correlate gender differences with ACT scores and expressed interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) related college majors. SPSS software was used to analyze the data and examine the historical trends of students' expressed interest in STEM related majors. Results show that there is a significant discrepancy between the number of men and women students who expressed interest in engineering majors. The data also show that social influences such as the emergence of computer fields including computer gaming and the dot.com era have profound influence in students' interest in STEM fields. To help develop specific strategies for timely remediation and help reverse this trend students were grouped into three categories - well prepared (ACT ≥ 28), under prepared (27 ≤ ACT ≥ 19), and unprepared (ACT <;19). Of the total number of students who expressed interest in engineering majors there are many who appear either completely unprepared or relatively under prepared for the demands of these fields. Results from this analysis demonstrate the importance of earlier interventions to encourage students who still have enough time to prepare for opportunities that interest them. It is also probable that students are making college major choices based on little or no data, and may, therefore, be at retention risk if they are admitted into an engineering program. This paper also highlights ongoing efforts to share data and work with high school counselors in an effort to help students identify more realistic career options or to timely target students for effective math remediation and help encourage increased participation in STEM majors and careers. Based on the data found in these analyses, we will next be surveying high school career guidance counselors. This survey will help gain insight into the high school counselors' understanding and potential biases regarding engineering and engineers.
Supplementary Figure 8 from The OPCML Tumor Suppressor Functions as a Cell Surface Repressor–Adaptor, Negatively Regulating Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 119K&lt;/p&gt;
Inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistor and antifuse capacitor for flexible one-time programmable memory applications (2014)

We demonstrate a novel organic antifuse technology on plastic at entirely plastic-compatible temperatures. All processes were performed at temperatures below 135 °C. Our memory cell consists of a printed organic transistor and an organic capacitor. The data in the memory cell are selectively programmed by electrically breaking the capacitor. The organic capacitor acts like as an antifuse capacitor because it is initially open and becomes permanently shorted by applying a high voltage. The memory data are read out by sensing the current in the memory cell. The printed organic one-time programmable memory is suitable for storing small amounts of data such as in low-cost radio-frequency identification tag.
Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) extension for recording TE Metric of a Label Switched Path (2019)

There are many scenarios in which Traffic Engineering (TE) metrics
such as cost, delay and delay variation associated with the TE link
formed by Label Switched Path (LSP) are not available to the ingress
and egress nodes. This draft provides extensions for the Resource
ReserVation Protocol- Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) to support
automatic collection of cost, delay and delay variation information
for the TE link formed by a LSP.
High resolution hole patterning with EB lithography for NIL template production (2016)

Nano imprint lithography (NIL) is one to one lithography and contact transfer technique using template. Therefore, the lithography performance depends greatly on the quality of the template pattern. In this study, we investigated the resolution and the defect level for hole patterning using chemical amplified resists (CAR) and VSB type EB writer, EBM9000. To form smaller pattern with high quality, high resolution resist process and high sensitivity etching process are needed. After these elements were optimized, we succeeded to form 24 nm dense hole pattern on template. In general, it is difficult to suppress the defect density in a large area because of fogging effect and process loading and so forth. However, from the view point of defect quality, 26 nm hole pattern is achieved to form with practical level in a large area. Therefore, we indicate the capability of forming 26 nm hole master template which will be required in 2019 from ITRS2013. These results show that this process is possible to obtain less than 30 nm hole pattern without enormous writing time. As future work, we will imprint master to replica template and check the printability.
Automatic Registering and Stitching of TEM/STEM Image Mosaics (2013)

Abstract Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) is widely used to acquire ultra high resolution images in different research areas. For some applications, a single TEM/STEM image does not provide enough information for analysis. One example in VLSI circuit failure analysis is the tracking of long interconnection. The capability of creating a large map of high resolution images may enable significant progress in some tasks. However, stitching TEM/STEM images in semiconductor applications is difficult and existing tools are unable to provide usable stitching results for analysis. In this paper, a novel fully automated method for stitching TEM/STEM image mosaics is proposed. The proposed method allows one to reach a global optimal configuration of each image tile so that both missing and false-positive correspondences can be tolerated. The experiment results presented in this paper show that the proposed method is robust and performs well in very challenging situations.
A 0.4-V High-speed, Long-retention-time DRAM Array with 12-F/sup /2 Twin Cell (2005)

We propose and evaluate a DRAM cell array with 12-F/sup 2/ twin cell in terms of speed, retention time, and low-voltage operation. The write time and retention time of the twin-cell array become shorter by 50% and longer by more than 20% than those of a single cell array, enabling a 0.4-V operation. Furthermore, the cell accepts the plate-driven scheme without dummy cell, lowering the necessary word-line voltage by 0.4 V.
Numerical study of the effect of the opposing jet on reduction of aerodynamic heating with different nose configurations (2008)

The opposing jet is proposed for aerodynamic heat reduction. In this study, the opposing jet has been applied for three nose configurations, including ogive body, blunt body and ogive body with extended nozzle, to investigate the efficient nose configuration for the opposing jet. umerical study has been implemented for the supersonic flow at = 3.98 and the results showed that there is a direct correlation between the applied nose configuration and the effect of the opposing jet. Detail flow field analysis revealed that to avoid constructing the strong recompressed shock is important and essential to reduce the aerodynamic heating by using the opposing jet. Of all three nose configurations, it was found that the ogive body with extended nozzle is the most effective model as for reduction of aerodynamic heat because significant heat flux reduction was acquired with smaller mass flow rate jet compared to other nose configuration.
[The arterial pulse: from oblivious to revival?]. (2005)

It seems reasonable to suppose that there is some relationship between the fanciful descriptions of arterial pulse dating back to ancient times and the more sophisticated data stemming from the technological advances of recent years. The clinical evidence derived from "the flowing blood" has always been associated with diseases of the heart and vessels and indeed of apparently unrelated organs, as well as with emotional states. Centuries before the Christian era, Chinese and Indian doctors seat great store by the study of the pulse which was described in imaginative terms and considered a clue to a person's character and illnesses. This subject was just as important to Greeks and Romans: to mention just one famous name Galeno, who wrote extensively about pulses. Up to the 18th century many European Universities had chairs entitled: "De pulsibus et urines" and from this time onwards sphygmic doctrine gained an ever-growing space in the scientific literature in the attempt to establish diagnostic and prognostic connections (often rather whimsical ones) between different kinds of pulses and so-called "crises of cerebral, thoracic and abdominal organs". Between the mid 18th century and the end of the 19th century the study of pulses was mainly focused on identifying arrhythmias and valvular defects even though we still find descriptions of "alternating" and "paradoxical" pulses accompanied by somewhat ambiguous explanations. From the second half of the 20th century the possibility of measuring the pulse wave velocity and the "augmentation index" has led to remarkable advances in epidemiological studies of cardiovascular diseases. This work would like to draw the readers' attention to the relevance a simple semeiological practice such as the examination of the pulse still has in the clinical approach to a patient even in these modern times.
Formalized methodology for data reuse: exploration for low-power hierarchical memory mappings (1998)

Efficient use of an optimized custom memory hierarchy to exploit temporal locality in the data accesses can have a very large impact on the power consumption in data dominated applications. In the past, experiments have demonstrated that this task is crucial in a complete low-power memory management methodology. But effective formalized techniques to deal with this specific task have not been addressed yet. In this paper, the surprisingly large design freedom available for the basic problem is explored in-depth and the outline of a systematic solution methodology is proposed. The efficiency of the methodology is illustrated on a real-life motion estimation application. The results obtained for this application show power reductions of about 85% for the memory subsystem compared to the case without a custom memory hierarchy. These large gains justify that data reuse and memory hierarchy decisions should be taken early in the design flow.
A System for Mining Temporal Physiological Data Streams for Advanced Prognostic Decision Support (2010)

We present a mining system that can predict the future health status of the patient using the temporal trajectories of health status of a set of similar patients. The main novelties of this system are its use of stream processing technology for handling the incoming physiological time series data and incorporating domain knowledge in learning the similarity metric between patients represented by their temporal data. The proposed approach and system were tested using the MIMIC II database, which consists of physiological waveforms, and accompanying clinical data obtained for ICU patients. The study was carried out on 1500 patients from this database. In the experiments we report the efficiency and throughput of the stream processing unit for feature extraction, the effectiveness of the supervised similarity measure both in the context of classification and retrieval tasks compared to unsupervised approaches, and the accuracy of the temporal projections of the patient data.
Tree of motility – A proposed history of motility systems in the tree of life (2020)

Motility often plays a decisive role in the survival of species. Five systems of motility have been studied in depth: those propelled by bacterial flagella, eukaryotic actin polymerization and the eukaryotic motor proteins myosin, kinesin and dynein. However, many organisms exhibit surprisingly diverse motilities, and advances in genomics, molecular biology and imaging have showed that those motilities have inherently independent mechanisms. This makes defining the breadth of motility nontrivial, because novel motilities may be driven by unknown mechanisms. Here, we classify the known motilities based on the unique classes of movement-producing protein architectures. Based on this criterion, the current total of independent motility systems stands at 18 types. In this perspective, we discuss these modes of motility relative to the latest phylogenetic Tree of Life and propose a history of motility. During the ~4 billion years since the emergence of life, motility arose in Bacteria with flagella and pili, and in Archaea with archaella. Newer modes of motility became possible in Eukarya with changes to the cell envelope. Presence or absence of a peptidoglycan layer, the acquisition of robust membrane dynamics, the enlargement of cells and environmental opportunities likely provided the context for the (co)evolution of novel types of motility.
Carboxyl Methyltransferase Catalysed Formation of Mono‐ and Dimethyl Esters under Aqueous Conditions: Application in Cascade Biocatalysis (2022)

Carboxyl methyltransferase (CMT) enzymes catalyse the biomethylation of carboxylic acids under aqueous conditions and have potential for use in synthetic enzyme cascades. Herein we report that the enzyme FtpM from Aspergillus fumigatus can methylate a broad range of aromatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids in good to excellent conversions. The enzyme shows high regioselectivity on its natural substrate fumaryl-l-tyrosine, trans, trans-muconic acid and a number of the dicarboxylic acids tested. Dicarboxylic acids are generally better substrates than monocarboxylic acids, although some substituents are able to compensate for the absence of a second acid group. For dicarboxylic acids, the second methylation shows strong pH dependency with an optimum at pH 5.5-6. Potential for application in industrial biotechnology was demonstrated in a cascade for the production of a bioplastics precursor (FDME) from bioderived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).