gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Considering the Vertical Variation in Rock Mechanical Properties of a Lithologic Zone Using Laboratory Derived Data - Is it Time for Geomechanical Stratigraphy?* (2015)

In both vertical and horizontal hydraulic stimulation schemes, the geomechanical properties of the rock volume to be stimulated are of primary consideration when designing the fracturing process and understanding reservoir geomechanical behavior (see Zoback, 2007). Typical rock mechanical properties such as Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio, various pressure gradients, density, pore pressure, porosity, permeability, general lithology and fluid content are generally derived from a variety of borehole logs. These borehole log values are usually derived from the vertical section of the well and applied across any subsequent horizontal section for both geo-steering and determination of completion intervals. For hydraulic stimulation planning, an average of wireline geomechanical values across the zone of interest is typically used. If core is taken, then geomechanical values from lab results may also be utilized. As more and more rock mechanical property data are collected both in the lab and from the field, then observations on the variation of geomechanical properties over reservoir height, and in adjacent intervals in the borehole may be made. It also becomes possible to compare lab derived versus log derived values, even seismic derived values, and look for potential patterns that may have meaning, leading to the development of a possible geomechanical stratigraphy.
In Vivo Method for Establishing Synergy Between Antibodies to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (2008)

Targeted therapy for cancer is shifting towards an approach of inhibiting multiple pathways, justified in part by the ability of cancer cells to overcome the inhibition of a single pathway. However the literature is replete with preclinical data supporting the anticancer potential of numerous combinations of targeted agents, making it difficult to select the combination strategies to invest in through clinical development. One characteristic of a combination strategy that can be utilized for prioritization is synergy. Synergy indicates that the effect of the combination is greater than that predicted from the monotherapy potencies. Here we describe a detailed method for establishing synergy between two treatments in vivo. We utilized this method to establish that antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 are synergistic with regard to antitumor effects, in a BxPC-3 subcutaneous xenograft model for pancreatic cancer.
Photodynamic Tumor Vascular Targeting Enhances Cancer Chemotherapy (2006)

Cancer drug therapy is limited by inadequate and heterogeneous tumor drug delivery due to the existence of vascular barrier. Photodynamic tumor vascular targeting is shown to disrupt tumor vascular barrier and enhance cancer chemotherapy.
Single sub-fs soft-X-ray pulses: generation and measurement with the atomic transient recorder (2005)

The change from a zero transition to the maximum amplitude of the electric field of visible light lasts shorter than one femtosecond (1 fs = 10−15 s). By precisely controlling the hyperfast electric field oscillations in a short laser pulse we developed a measuring apparatus—the atomic transient recorder—like an ultrafast stopwatch. This apparatus is capable of measuring the duration of atomic processes with an accuracy of less than 100 as (1 as = 10−18 s), which is the typical duration of electronic processes (transients) deep inside atoms. A 250 as X-ray pulse initiates the atomic process to be measured and the attosecond stopwatch at the same time. For the first time it is now possible with this new measuring method to observe ultrafast processes in the electron shell of atoms.
Advanced Fiber Technology for High‐Energy Lasers (2020)

Abstract The French 4F consortium has obtained new results on microstructured optical fibers for the development of ytterbium active fibers with a large core and for the transport of intense laser beams via hollow‐core photonic crystal fibers. In the case of active fibers, several methods to obtain fiber preforms have been tested (MCVD, OVD, powders, sol‐gel), as well as various types of fiber designs.
Cooperative transmit diversity based on superposition modulation (2005)

We propose a new strategy for cooperative transmit diversity based on superposition modulation and multiuser detection. The new scheme can outperform "classical" cooperative diversity based on decode-and-forward by about 1.5-2 dB in the SNR range of interest and at the same computational complexity.
Thin inter-polyoxide films for flash memories grown at low temperature (400/spl deg/C) by oxygen radicals (2001)

Thin polyoxide films grown at 400/spl deg/C on n/sup +/-poly-Si films, used as gate insulators in MOS capacitors, are shown to exhibit superior performance, with respect to conventional, thermally grown polyoxide films at 900/spl deg/C, i.e., they possess lower leakage currents and can sustain higher electrical fields. They are also shown to be superior to, either polyoxide films grown at 980/spl deg/C on substrates treated by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) or polyoxide films grown by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) nitrous oxide plasma at 400/spl deg/C. The present film growth techniques utilize oxygen radicals (O*), rather than oxygen molecules (O/sub 2/), which are used in conventional processing. The oxygen radicals are generated by microwave (2.45 GHz) excited high-density plasma of Kr/O/sub 2/ gas mixture.
Cognitive distributed computing: a new approach to distributed data centres with self-managing services on commodity hardware (2016)

New computing, management and programming models with a novel distributed intelligent managed element (DIME) network architecture are used to provide end-to-end service visibility and control across distributed physical or virtual infrastructure. Resulting decoupling of application and service transaction management from both distributed infrastructure management and virtual machine image movement at run-time (as practised today) enables policy based, secure, service-mobility across physical servers or virtual machines deployed in data centres or public clouds. Using the new architecture we have implemented a web-stack with service self-repair, auto-scaling, live-migration and end-to-end service transaction security independent of server and network security mechanisms. In this paper, we describe auto-scaling, live-migration and performance management of an Apache managed application in operation across physical or virtual servers deployed in data centres or public clouds.
Improved Spatial Reuse for Dense 802.11 WLANs (2015)

Next generation 802.11 networks aim to significantly increase spectral frequency reuse and manage interference between neighboring Overlapping Basic Service Sets (OBSS) in scenarios with a high density of both STAs and APs . In this paper, we study the theoretical throughput gains that may be obtained by using ideal spatial reuse in a densely occupied two-BSS network operating in saturated uplink traffic conditions (i.e. the transmission queue is never empty). We then compare the theoretical throughput gains with the gains obtained by implementing a practical spatial reuse technique in a residential scenario [6] using a discrete event simulator that integrates both the PHY and the MAC [7]. Our results show that the trends identified in the simple analysis are present in the empirical simulation and demonstrate that the gains obtained may depend on the scenario. We also conclude that additional spatial re-use techniques may be needed to extract all the gains promised by the theoretical analysis.
Adaptive optics for direct laser writing with plasma emission aberration sensing (2010)

Aberrations affect the focal spot quality in direct laser write applications when focusing through a refractive index mismatch. Closed loop adaptive optics can correct these aberrations if a suitable feedback signal can be found. Focusing an ultrafast laser beam into transparent dielectric material can lead to plasma formation in the focal region. We report using the supercontinuum emitted by such a plasma to measure the optical aberrations, the subsequent aberration correction using a spatial light modulator and the fabrication of nanostructures using the corrected optical system.
Investigation of the design space for low aspect ratio LED collimators (2012)

Collimators for spot LED lamps have to meet stringent requirements like high efficiency and on axis intensity, good beam control, color and position mixing, low cost, and a low aspect ratio to enable compact devices with sufficient space for drive electronics and cooling. To meet such requirements only very few optical architectures are routinely used, namely Fresnel lenses, parabolic or aspheric reflectors, and TIR lenses, often called Photon funnels. Collimators make use of five different deflection mechanisms, namely refraction, total internal reflection, metallic or metallic like reflection, scattering, and diffraction. Light, when travelling through a given collimator type undergoes a characteristic sequence of deflections but many collimators exhibit different paths where portions of the light undergo different deflection sequences. In this paper we illustrate the design space for collimators for a single Lambertian LED or LED array source located on the optical axis under the boundary conditions of low aspect ratio, rotational symmetry and minimum Etendue dilution. All possible optical architectures with up to 4 deflections are mapped out in terms of paths of distinct deflection sequences. The important characteristics of deflection sequences are investigated. For a given collimator, the deflection paths involved allows predicting efficiency, on axis intensity, and compactness. Additionally the beam shape as well as position and color mixing capabilities can be estimated from the influence of the deflection sequence on pinhole image rotation and distortion. Such results are compared to raytrace results for some designed collimators of standard and uncommon architectures.
56. The Efficacy of Replicating Virotherapy for Tumors Involves a Complex Equilibrium between Virus, Tumor and the Immune System (2006)

Killing of tumor cells by replicating oncolytic viruses should provide an abundant source of tumor antigens for cross priming of host immune cells. However, anti-viral immune responses will also be induced. Therefore, it is unclear whether the local killing of tumors by oncolytic viruses will be of immunotherapeutic benefit, or hindrance, to the generation of effective anti tumor immunity. We investigated where the equilibrium between viral replication, tumor cell killing and immune reactivity (to both tumor and viral antigens) lies when tumors are undergoing effective oncolytic virotherapy. Using a model in which direct intratumoral injection of established B16ova melanomas with replicating Vesicular Stomatitis Virus cures about 50% of C57BL/6 immunocompetent mice (n=8-10), extensive anti viral immune responses were generated. However, using ELISPOT, intracellular cytokines and in vivo CFSE T cell proliferation assays, we observed that intratumoral virotherapy can indeed prime naive T cells against a defined tumor antigen. These data suggest that additional approaches designed to increase the frequency of activated T cells against the tumor would increase the efficiency of oncolytic virotherapy. Therefore, we combined oncolytic virotherapy with either depletion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells or with adoptive transfer of activated T cells specific for a tumor antigen. We observed decreased therapy in the absence of Treg, associated with a more rapid clearance of virus replication in the treated tumor. In contrast, ongoing local virotherapy increases the attraction of activated T cells to the tumor site by over 4 fold relative to control tumors, translating into significant improvement in therapy of established disease over either virotherapy or adoptive T cell transfer therapy, alone. Taken together, our data show that immune interventions which prolong local viral replication, and/or enhance frequencies of tumor specific T cells, should have significant therapeutic impacts both against the local, injected tumor and against systemic metatstatic disease not accessible to direct viral injection.
Guest Editorial Beyond Shannon Communications—A Paradigm Shift to Catalyze 6G (2023)

Targeting ultra-reliable and scalable connectivity of extremely high data rates, in the 100 Gbps to Tbps range, at almost “zero-latency” in 6G systems would require taking advantage of breakthrough novel technology concepts, including THz wireless links, broadband and spectrally efficient RF-frontends for a variety of different bands, the employment of intelligent materials (e.g., reconfigurable intelligent surfaces) and the design of machine learning-based models, protocols, and management techniques. To materialize the 6G vision, novel system techniques will need to be devised, including channel modeling and estimation, waveforms, beamforming, and multiple-access schemes, all tailored to the particularities of the adopted breakthrough technologies. As challenging Tbit/s usage scenarios are becoming ever more relevant for 6G systems, including non-line of sight connectivity based on intelligent surfaces and ad hoc connectivity in fast-moving network topologies, e.g., based on drones or V2X links, performance targets need to be reassessed. In such scenarios, apart from the high data rates in the order of Tbit/s other critical parameters may arise as more relevant: range, reliability, adaptability, reconfigurability, and agility, to name just a few.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Phenol with Aqueous H2O2 on Titanium Silicate Molecular Sieves (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Improved Palladium-Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl and Vinyl Triflates to Bromides and Chlorides (2011)

A facile Pd-catalyzed conversion of aryl and vinyl triflates to aryl and vinyl halides (bromides and chlorides) is described. This method allows convenient access to a variety of aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl halides in good to excellent yields and with greatly simplified conditions relative to our previous report.
Innovative zinc based mixed oxide sorbent regenerable at low temperature for syngas desulfurization (2012)

RAFFINAGE+CGE
„Spinstabilisierung” durch Komplexierung; ESR‐Untersuchung einiger Catecholamin‐Semichinone (1981)

Autoxidationsprodukte biologisch wichtiger Catecholamine , z. B. (1)‐(3) , können durch Komplexierung stabilisiert und in dieser Form ESR‐spektroskopisch nachgewiesen werden. Als Komplexbildner für die Radikalanionen sind Triorganozinn‐ und Diorganothallium‐Kationen geeignet. Die Stabilität der Komplexe ermöglicht unter anderem Konformationsuntersuchungen in Lösung magnified image .
Three-dimensional assessment of robot-assisted pedicle screw placement accuracy and instrumentation reliability based on a preplanned trajectory (2020)

The accuracy of the discussed robotic spine system is similar to that described for other surgical systems. Additionally, the authors outline a new method of grading screw placement accuracy that measures deviation in all three relevant axes. This grading system could provide the error signal necessary for unsupervised machine learning by robotic systems, which would in turn support continued improvement in instrumentation placement accuracy.
Size-selective concentration and label-free characterization of protein aggregates using a Raman active nanofluidic device (2010)

Trace detection and physicochemical characterization of protein aggregates have a large impact in understanding and diagnosing many diseases, such as ageing-related neurodegeneration and systemic amyloidosis, for which the formation of protein aggregates is one of the pathological hallmarks. Here we demonstrate an innovative label-free method for detecting and characterizing small amounts of early stage protein aggregates using a Raman active nanofluidic device. Sub-micrometre channels formed by a novel elastomeric collapse technique enable the separation and concentration of matured protein aggregates from small protein molecules. The Raman enhancement by gold nanoparticle clusters fixed below a micro/nanofluidic junction allows characterization of intrinsic properties of protein aggregates at concentration levels (∼fM) much lower than can be done with traditional analytical tools. With our device we show for the first time the concentration dependence of protein aggregation over these low concentration ranges. We expect that our method could facilitate definitive diagnosis and possible therapeutics of diseases at early stages.
Experimental measurements of multipath-induced intra- and inter-channel crosstalk effects in a millimeter-wave communications link using orbital-angular-momentum multiplexing (2015)

This paper reports on an experimental measurement and analysis of multipath-induced intra- and interchannel crosstalk effects in a mm-wave communications link using orbital angular momentum multiplexing at 28 GHz. The reflection is from an ideal reflector parallel to the propagation path. The intra-channel crosstalk effect is measured when a single OAM beam is transmitted, and inter-channel crosstalk effect is measured when 2 multiplexed OAM beams are transmitted. Both simulation and experimental results show that OAM channels with larger OAM number ℓ tend to have stronger intra-channel crosstalk because less power is received from the direct path and more power is received from the reflected path. This effect is caused by OAM beam divergence, as OAM beams with larger ℓ spread into a larger beam size and have less power in the beam center. For the same reason, OAM beams of larger ℓ lead to stronger inter-channel crosstalk with the other OAM channels.
A Novel Resolution and Power Control Scheme for Energy-Efficient Mobile Augmented Reality Applications in Mobile Edge Computing (2019)

This letter proposes a novel resolution and power control scheme for energy-efficient mobile augmented reality (MAR) services through computation offloading to mobile edge computing (MEC). For this purpose, analytical models for the energy consumption of a MAR device (MD), detection accuracy of MAR objects, and service latency are rigorously formulated. Considering their tradeoff in MAR with MEC, a theoretical framework for the computation offloading problem of the MD that jointly optimizes the transmission power and frame resolution is designed. The proposed scheme significantly reduces energy consumption by 73.64% with an accuracy loss of 1.6% while guaranteeing the required latency constraint.
New 68ga hbed-bisphosponates and their derivatives as bone imaging agents (2016)

1106 Objectives Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 68Ga labeled bisphosphonates to target bone metastasis may be a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis and for monitoring therapeutic treatment. Methods A series of 68Ga labeled derivatives of N,N′-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (HBED-CC) containing one bisphosphonate group (1a) or derivatives of bisphosphonate-HBED-CC containing conjugated 2-glucosamine (1b), glycine (1c), alanine (1d), aspartic acid (1e), and glutamic acid (1f) were prepared. Results New HBED ligands, 1a-f, reacted rapidly in a sodium acetate buffer with [68Ga]GaCl3 eluted from a commercially available 68Ge/68Ga generator (pH 4, >95% labeling at room temperature in 5 min) to form [68Ga]1a-f. This labeling condition avoids the need for further purification. The biodistribution of [68Ga]1a-f in normal mice after an iv injection showed excellent bone uptake and retention comparable to that of [18F]NaF. MicroPET imaging studies in normal mice showed excellent uptake and retention for [68Ga]1a suggest that it is potentially a useful bone imaging for PET imaging. Conclusions The results suggest that [68Ga]1a-f may be suitable as bone imaging agents in humans, serving as alternatives to the current bone imaging agent of choice, [18F]NaF and [99mTc]MDP. These new agents, [68Ga]1a-f, would provide practical in vivo bone imaging in conjunction with PET without the need of a near-by cyclotron.
Anthranilate synthetase component II from Pseudomonas putida. Covalent structure and identification of the cysteine residue involved in catalysis (1978)

The complete amino acid sequence of carboxamidomethylated anthranilate synthetase component II (AS II) from Pseudomonas putida has been determined by analysis of cyanogen bromide fragments, tryptic peptides from the citraconylated protein, and by analysis of subdigests of these peptides. AS II is a single polypeptide chain of 197 residues having a calculated molecular weight of 21,684. Previous studies (Goto, Y., Keim, P. S., Zalkin, H., and Heinrikson, R. L. (1976) J. Biol. Chem, 251, 941-949) identified a cysteine residue required for the formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate. The protein has 3 cysteine residues at positions 54, 79, and 140. Cysteine-79 was alkylated selectively by iodoacetamide and by the glutamine affinity analogue L-2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoic acid. Based on this evidence cysteine-79 is the active site residue involved in formation of the acyl-enzyme intermediate. Comparison of the P. putida AS II sequence with that of the NH2-terminal 60 residues of the enzyme from Escherichia coli shows 38% sequence identity.
Self-Assembly of Fibronectin Mimetic Peptide-Amphiphile Nanofibers (2009)

Single-tailed peptide-amphiphiles have been shown to form nanofibers in solution and gel after screening of their electrostatic charges, and those containing cell-binding motifs are promising as tissue engineering scaffolds. A fibronectin-mimetic peptide sequence was developed, containing both the primary binding domain RGD and the synergy binding domain PHSRN, which has shown superior cell adhesion properties over simple RGD sequences and fibronectin in 2D culture. In order to test this sequence in a 3D environment in the future, we have designed a C(16) single-tailed peptide-amphiphile, PR_g (with a peptide headgroup of GGGSSPHSRN(SG)(5)RGDSP), that forms nanofibers and a gel in solution without any screening of its positive charge. In this study, we characterized the self-assembly properties of the PR_g peptide-amphiphile via critical micelle concentration (CMC) measurements, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and rheology measurements. The CMC of the PR_g amphiphile was determined to be 38 microM. CD measurements showed that even though the peptide formed an unordered secondary structure, the peptide-amphiphile's spectrum after aging resembled more the spectrum of an alpha+beta protein. Cryo-TEM images of a 100 microM peptide-amphiphile solution showed individual nanofibers with a diameter of approximately 10 nm and lengths on the order of several micrometers. Images taken at higher concentrations (1 mM) show a high degree of bundling among the nanofibers, and at even higher concentrations (3 and 4 mM) SANS measurements also indicated that the peptide-amphiphile formed rod-shaped structures in solution. The peptide-amphiphile gel was monitored by parallel-plate rheometry, and the elastic modulus (G') was greater than the viscous modulus (G''), which indicates that PR_g forms a gel. The shear modulus for a 2 day old gel was measured to be approximately 500 Pa, which is within the modulus range for living tissue; thus, the PR_g gel shows potential as a possible scaffold for tissue engineering.