gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C inhibitor enzastaurin induces in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2007)

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an incurable lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with limited options of therapy. Protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta) regulates cell survival and growth in many B-cell malignancies. In this study, we demonstrate up-regulation of PKCbeta protein in WM using protein array techniques and immunohistochemistry. Enzastaurin, a PKCbeta inhibitor, blocked PKCbeta activity and induced a significant decrease of proliferation at 48 hours in WM cell lines (IC(50), 2.5-10 muM). Similar effects were demonstrated in primary CD19(+) WM cells, without cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, enzastaurin overcame tumor cell growth induced by coculture of WM cells with bone marrow stromal cells. Enzastaurin induced dose-dependent apoptosis at 48 hours mediated via induction of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP cleavage. Enzastaurin inhibited Akt phosphorylation and Akt kinase activity, as well as downstream p-MARCKS and ribosomal p-S6. Furthermore, enzastaurin demonstrated additive cytotoxicity in combination with bortezomib, and synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with fludarabine. Finally, in an in vivo xenograft model of human WM, significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed in the enzastaurin-treated mice (P = .028). Our studies therefore show that enzastaurin has significant antitumor activity in WM both in vitro and in vivo, providing the framework for clinical trials to improve patient outcome in WM.
A study on the capture of carbon dioxide from a large refinery power station boiler by conversion to oxyfuel operation (2001)

A detailed feasibility study has been carried out on the conversion of an existing refinery power station boiler, fired with refinery off-gas, to oxyfuel operation with carbon dioxide capture. The conversion was shown to be technically feasible using proven technologies. Boiler output could be maintained without significant pressure-part modifications and there would be no loss of boiler efficiency. It would be possible to retain a capability to operate in conventional air firing mode for start-up and emergency situations. The concept has been developed to a stage where a demonstration plant could be designed. The major elements of the capital costs of conversion are associated with the air separation unit and the carbon dioxide treatment and compression train and the additional operating costs are associated principally with the power consumption of these units. Further optimisation of the oxyfuel combustion system is possible and it is anticipated that the ongoing developments in air separation technology will help to make significant reductions in these costs in the future. 5 refs., 6 figs.
Silicon carbide formation by annealing C60 films on silicon (1997)

Silicon carbide films were grown on (100) silicon substrates by deposition of 200-nm-thick C60 films, followed by annealing. The predeposited C60 is progressively destroyed by annealing, and carbon reacts with silicon to produce SiC. The reaction starts at the interface and continues by diffusion of silicon through the already formed SiC. At the lower temperatures (700 °C), the reaction is localized at the interface. Diffusion of silicon and formation of stoichiometric SiC requires annealing at 800 °C for t⩾100 min and at 900 °C for t⩾25 min. The stoichiometric films are uniform with a grain size of 20–40 nm. A diffusion coefficient of silicon in SiC of 4×10−15 cm2/s at 900 °C was determined. Because the diffusion of silicon is faster through preferential paths in the SiC film, such as grain boundaries and other crystalline defects, pits and voids are produced in the silicon substrate when the C60 predeposited film covers larger areas.
The Yin and Yang of Follicular Helper T Cells (2009)

The balanced expression of two transcription factors controls the development of a subset of T cells that support B cell maturation.
Responses of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial and Archaeal Populations to Organic Nitrogen Amendments in Low-Nutrient Groundwater (2010)

To evaluate the potential for organic nitrogen addition to stimulate the in situ growth of ammonia oxidizers during a field scale bioremediation trial, samples collected from the Eastern Snake River Plain Aquifer in Idaho before, during, and after the addition of molasses and urea were subjected to PCR analysis of ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) genes. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) were present in all of the samples tested, with AOA amoA genes outnumbering AOB amoA genes in all of the samples. Following urea addition, nitrate levels rose and bacterial amoA copy numbers increased dramatically, suggesting that urea hydrolysis stimulated nitrification. Bacterial amoA diversity was limited to two Nitrosomonas phylotypes, whereas archaeal amoA analyses revealed 20 distinct operational taxonomic units, including several that were markedly different from all previously reported sequences. Results from this study demonstrate the likelihood of stimulating ammonia-oxidizing communities during field scale manipulation of groundwater conditions to promote urea hydrolysis.
Photocatalytic Hydrogels with a High Transmission Polymer Network for Pollutant Remediation (2021)

Efficient heterogeneous and metal-free photocatalysts have recently been targeted as reusable materials for pollutant remediation. However, poor light penetration into photocatalytic materials currently limits modern photocatalytic systems due to uneven performance across the photocatalytic material and inefficient light usage. Here, we present a classical photocatalytic polymer hydrogel composed of a high transmittance polymer network and small conjugated photocatalytic moieties. Radical copolymerization of a photocatalytically active benzothiadiazole acrylamide monomer with water-compatible N,N-dimethylacrylamide produced a photocatalytic hydrogel where only the photocatalytic moiety absorbs visible light. The photocatalytic hydrogel network enables easy partitioning of pollutants into the gel network, where they are photocatalytically degraded. The versatility and reusability of the photocatalytic material were demonstrated for degradation of both inorganic metal and organic contaminants, including N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate), the most commonly used herbicide. Furthermore, the potential of this material was explored in large-scale experiments, where glyphosate could be readily photodegraded at a half liter scale.
High efficient electrically-addressable spatial light modulator module for reconfigurable optical interconnection (1999)

Recently, two-dimensional phase-only spatial light modulators have drawn a great deal of interests in applications for optical correlation systems 1), optical interconnection using reconfigurable computergenerated holograms2), phase contrast technique, adaptive optics, and so forth.
Self-Assembled Structures from an Amphiphilic Multiblock Copolymer Containing Rigid Semiconductor Segments (2000)

An amphiphilic multiblock copolymer comprising nearly monodisperse poly(ethylene oxide) segments (Mw/Mn = 1.03) and polydisperse poly(methylphenylsilane) (PMPS) segments (Mw/Mn = 2.0) forms a variety of well-defined morphologies such as vesicles, micellar rods, and helices upon aggregation in water-based solvent systems, despite this polydisperse character. Since polysilanes show σ-conjugation in the main chain, the optical and electronic properties of the described block copolymer depend on its confomational behavior. It is demonstrated by microscopic and spectroscopic techniques that the conformations of the PMPS backbone can be controlled through manipulation of the aggregation behavior, i.e., by the choice of the solvent composition.
Closely located RFID tag antennas on high dielectric objects (2016)

Sensitivity of the tag of radio frequency identification (RFID) system is one of the most important factors to evaluate the tag performance. The sensitivity is usually degraded when the tags are located very closely or when they are attached on the surface of high dielectric objects because the power transmission ratio between chip and antenna of the tag is decreased due to the impedance mismatching. In this paper, the tag antenna is designed and studied for the tag which is applied to the closely located applications and the high dielectric constant objects. Numerical study shows that the tag can keep a high power transmission ratio when they are used in the closely located applications and the high dielectric constant objects.
Detection of Explosives (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Previous Work State-of-the-art of Various Explosive Vapor Sensors Case Study Conclusions Future Directions
Alternate metal virtual ground EPROM array implemented in a 0.8 mu m process for very high density applications (2002)

The alternate metal virtual ground EPROM array (AMG) is introduced as a new scaling concept. This array dramatically reduces cell size by making poly pitch the only limitation in both X and Y directions. The AMG concept scales cell size by sharing one metal line per two diffusion bit lines and relies on a segmentation scheme and fieldless array to achieve the poly pitch limited cell. The cell size in 0.8- mu m technology is 2.56 mu m/sup 2/, which is considerably smaller than the standard EPROM cell in 0.6- mu m technology. A major advantage of this array is reduction of drain turn-on induced punch-through. This reduction allows scaling of effective channel length to as low as 0.25 mu m, resulting in high read current and fast programming time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Liquefaction behavior of Western red cedar and Japanese beech in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (2010)

Abstract Western red cedar and Japanese beech are studied concerning their liquefaction behavior with an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim][Cl]). Significant differences in liquefaction behavior were observed in terms of solubility and the lignin content of the insoluble residues. Thioacidolysis analysis of the residues confirmed that β-O-4 bonds in lignin were cleaved preferentially by the treatment with [C2mim][Cl]. The differences in liquefaction behavior can be explained by structural differences between softwood and hardwood lignins. Furthermore, gel permeation chromatography and GC-MS analyses revealed that cellulose and hemicelluloses were decomposed partly to monomeric sugars such as glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Incorporation of a Furan‐Modified Adenosine Building Block for DNA Interstrand Crosslinking. (2011)

Abstract The furan modified adenosine building block (I) is synthesized and evaluated for interstrand cross‐link formation in DNA duplexes.
Inhibition of N-glycan processing alters axonal transport of synaptic glycoproteins in vivo (2000)

Synaptic glycoproteins are synthesized and glycosylated in the neuronal cell body, and conveyed to terminals by fast axonal transport. We used the α-mannosidase inhibitor, 2-deoxyman-nojirimycin (dMan), to investigate the effects of disrupting N-glycan processing on the axonal trafficking of proteins in vivo. dMan significantly reduced rapid axonal transport in retinal ganglion cells to about 34% of control values 4 h after metabolic labeling; at 8 h post-labeling the inhibition was reversed. 2-D gel analysis showed that dMan completely inhibited the arrival of radiolabeled L1 and NCAM at axon terminals, and resulted in the appearance of two novel proteins of 230 kDa and 155 kDa. Our results show that disruption of the N-glycosylation pathway has an immediate inhibitory effect on total axonal transport and longer lasting effects on the trafficking of specific glycoproteins to axon terminals in vivo.
Photodynamic detection of a feline meningioma using 5-aminolaevulinic acid hydrochloride (2020)

PDD using 5-ALA has been used to identify the surgical margins during resection of primary human brain tumours. Recently, we have reported post-mortem PDD using 5-ALA for a canine glioblastoma. To our knowledge, this technique has not been previously used for the detection and resection of feline brain tumours. Our findings suggest that PDD using 5-ALA is useful for intraoperative fluorescence-guided resection of malignant meningioma in cats.
The effect of metalloprotein inhibitors on cellular metal ion content and distribution (2017)

With metalloproteins garnering increased interest as therapeutic targets, designing target-specific metalloprotein inhibitors (MPi) is of substantial importance. However, in many respects, the development and evaluation of MPi lags behind that of conventional small molecule therapeutics. Core concerns around MPi, such as target selectivity and potential disruption of metal ion homeostasis linger. Herein, we used a suite of analytical methods, including energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (SXRF) to investigate the effect of several MPi on cellular metal ion distribution and homeostasis. The results reveal that at therapeutically relevant concentrations, the tested MPi have no significant effects on cellular metal ion content or distribution. In addition, the affinity of the metal-binding pharmacophore (MBP) utilized by the MPi does not have a substantial influence on the effect of the MPi on cellular metal distribution. These studies provide an important, original data set indicating that metal ion homeostasis is not notably perturbed by MPi, which should encourage the development of and aid in designing new MPi, guide MBP selection, and clarify the effect of MPi on the 'metallome'.
Linearly Polymerized Benzene Arrays As Intermediates, Tracing Pathways to Carbon Nanothreads (2015)

How might fully saturated benzene polymers of composition [(CH)6]n form under high pressure? In the first approach to answering this question, we examine the stepwise increase in saturation of a one-dimensional stack of benzene molecules by enumerating the partially saturated polymer intermediates, subject to constraints of unit cell size and energy. Defining the number of four-coordinate carbon atoms per benzene formula unit as the degree of saturation, a set of isomers for degree-two and degree-four polymers can be generated by either thinking of the propagation of partially saturated building blocks or by considering a sequence of cycloadditions. There is also one 4 + 2 reaction sequence that jumps directly from a benzene stack to a degree-four polymer. The set of degree-two polymers provides several useful signposts toward achieving full saturation: chiral versus achiral building blocks, certain forms of conformational freedom, and also dead ends to further saturation. These insights allow us to generate a larger set of degree-four polymers and enumerate the many pathways that lead from benzene stacks to completely saturated carbon nanothreads.
A Selective Matrix Metalloprotease 12 Inhibitor for Potential Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Discovery of (S)-2-(8-(Methoxycarbonylamino)dibenzo[b,d]furan-3-sulfonamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid (MMP408) (2009)

Matrix metalloprotease 12 plays a significant role in airway inflammation and remodeling. Increased expression and production of MMP-12 have been found in the lung of human COPD patients. MMP408 (14), a potent and selective MMP-12 inhibitor, was derived from a potent matrix metalloprotease 2 and 13 inhibitor via lead optimization and has good physical properties and bioavailability. The compound blocks rhMMP-12-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model and was advanced for further development for the treatment of COPD.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Solution Conformations in C4-V3 Hybrid Peptides Derived from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 gp120: Relation to Specificity of Peptide-Induced Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibodies (1999)

Immunogenic peptides containing epitopes of the gp120 C4 and V3 regions from human immunodeficiency virus strains MN and EV91 have been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular modeling and used as immunogens in rhesus monkeys. The results, combined with those for other peptides, suggest a correlation between solution conformation and immunologic cross-reactivity.
Imec iSiPP25G silicon photonics: a robust CMOS-based photonics technology platform (2015)

Silicon photonics has become in the past years an important technology adopted by a growing number of industrial players to develop their next generation optical transceivers. However most of the technology platforms established in CMOS fabrication lines are kept captive or open to only a restricted number of customers. In order to make silicon photonics accessible to a large number of players several initiatives exist around the world to develop open platforms. In this paper we will present imec’s silicon photonics active platform accessible through multi-project wafer runs.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting HER-2/<i>neu</i> in Early Breast Cancer Development Using Dendritic Cells with Staged Interleukin-12 Burst Secretion (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Targeting HER-2/&lt;i&gt;neu&lt;/i&gt; in Early Breast Cancer Development Using Dendritic Cells with Staged Interleukin-12 Burst Secretion
ChemInform Abstract: Further Studies on Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves. Part 1. AlPO4‐H2, a Hydrated Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Computer-generated three types of holograms of three-dimensional objects synthesized by multiple perspectives (2004)

A new method of synthesizing computer-generated holograms of three-dimensional (3D) objects is proposed. Several projections of the 3D object are numerically processed to yield a two dimensional complex function, which is then encoded as a computer-generated hologram. When this hologram is illuminated by a plane wave, a 3D real image of the object is reconstructed. Although the hologram initially belongs to the type of Fourier holograms, Fresnel and image holograms are also generated by computing the propagation of the wave front from the Fourier plane to any other desired plane. Computer and optical constructions of 3D objects, both of which show the feasibility of the proposed approach, are presented.
Polynomial testing of packet switching networks (1994)

A functional testing method called polynomial testing is proposed to test packet-switching networks (PSNs) used in multiprocessor systems. Focus is on applying the method to packet-switching multistage interconnection networks (PMINs). A multiple stuck-at (MSA) fault model is developed and faults are diagnosed at two different levels: network level and switch level. The former uses each processor as a tester and can test part of the network concurrently with the normal operations on the remaining part of the network; the latter uses switches in the network as testers and is inherently an autonomous testing method. To facilitate the network-level testing, the routing dynamic in a PMIN is eliminated by synchronizing switch operations. The network is then decomposed into routes, each of which is tested after transforming it into a polynomial calculator. For switch-level testing, a built-in tester (BIT) is embedded into each switch's structure to provide self-testing capabilities. Network-level testing is distributed and suitable for concurrent testing, whereas switch-level testing is done offline, and needs only a small testing time. >
Thermal Oxidation of Heavily Phosphorus‐Doped Silicon (1978)

The effects of high substrate phosphorus impurity levels on the kinetics of thermal oxidation of <111> oriented silicon have been studied for a dry oxygen ambient in the temperature range 800°–1100°C. The observed enhanced oxidation rates with phosphorus doping levels ≥1019/cm3 are found to be consistent with a simplified interpretation of the linear‐parabolic oxidation model together with phosphorus redistribution effects. The linear rate constant increases substantially at all temperatures, implying significant change in the interface reaction rate, though apparently with only slight effect on the associated activation energy. The parabolic rate constant increases somewhat at lower temperatures, indicating a finite change in oxidant diffusion through the oxide, possibly via an additional diffusion mechanism at high phosphorus concentrations, with reduced activation energy. Reasonable closed‐form approximations to these phosphorus concentration dependencies of the oxidation rate constants are described.
High-Volume Testing and DC Offset Trimming Technique of On-Die Bandgap Voltage Reference for SOCs and Microprocessors (2018)

Since the VLSI chips were invented, as predicted by Moore's law, the performance, the power, and the cost of the VLSI chips have been improved, which brought a significant benefit to the economy. However, some of the analog circuits do not get a full benefit from the scaling, due to the increased device variability with transistors in smaller dimension. Under such circumstance, the calibration and trimming techniques are essential to overcome the sensitivity to the process variation. This paper presents the trimming technique to correct the direct current (dc) offset error of the bandgap voltage reference circuit, which complies with the high-volume manufacturing (HVM) requirements. The proposed trimming method consists of the combination of two different sequences, the coarse and fine trimming. The accuracy of the dc offset trimming is evaluated by the newly invented method that complies with the HVM requirements. With a compact silicon area of only 700 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the dc offset trimming circuit achieved an accuracy of ±5 mV (4σ ) as a result of the coarse and fine trimming operations.
Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor schwannomin and its interacting protein HRS regulate STAT signaling (2002)

Mutations in the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene with the resultant loss of expression of the NF2 tumor suppressor schwannomin are one of the most common causes of benign human brain tumors, including schwannomas and meningiomas. Previously we demonstrated that the hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS) strongly interacts with schwannomin. HRS is a powerful regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase trafficking to the degradation pathway and HRS also binds STAM. Both of these actions for HRS potentially inhibit STAT activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that schwannomin inhibits STAT activation through interaction with HRS. We now show that both schwannomin and HRS inhibit Stat3 activation and that schwannomin suppresses Stat3 activation mediated by IGF-I treatment in the human schwannoma cell line STS26T. We also find that schwannomin inhibits Stat3 and Stat5 phosphorylation in the rat schwannoma cell line RT4. Schwannomin with the pathogenic missense mutation Q538P fails to bind HRS and does not inhibit Stat5 phosphorylation. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that schwannomin requires HRS interaction to be fully functionally active and to inhibit STAT activation.
Transfer Learning Using ANN for G-OSNR Estimation in WDM Network Topologies (2020)

We investigate how a transfer learning based QoT estimator performs in different network topologies such as CONUS and Germany50.