gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Complexity Channel Estimation for OTFS Modulation with Fractional Delay and Doppler (2021)

We consider the problem of accurate channel estimation for OTFS based systems with few transmit/receive antennas, where additional sparsity due to large number of antennas is not a possibility. For such systems the sparsity of the effective delay-Doppler (DD) domain channel is adversely affected in the presence of channel path delay and Doppler shifts which are non-integer multiples of the delay and Doppler domain resolution. The sparsity is also adversely affected when practical transmit and receive pulses are used. In this paper we propose a Modified Maximum Likelihood Channel Estimation (M-MLE) method for OTFS based systems which exploits the fine delay and Doppler domain resolution of the OTFS modulated signal to decouple the joint estimation of the channel parameters (i.e., channel gain, delay and Doppler shift) of all channel paths into separate estimation of the channel parameters for each path. We further observe that with fine delay and Doppler domain resolution, the received DD domain signal along a particular channel path can be written as a product of a delay domain term and a Doppler domain term where the delay domain term is primarily dependent on the delay of this path and the Doppler domain term is primarily dependent on the Doppler shift of this path. This allows us to propose another method termed as the two-step method (TSE), where the joint two-dimensional estimation of the delay and Doppler shift of a particular path in the M-MLE method is further decoupled into two separate one-dimensional estimation for the delay and for the Doppler shift of that path. Simulations reveal that the proposed methods (M-MLE and TSE) achieve better channel estimation accuracy at lower complexity when compared to other known methods for accurate OTFS channel estimation.
Enzyme Structure with Two Catalytic Sites for Double-Sieve Selection of Substrate (1998)

High-fidelity transfers of genetic information in the central dogma can be achieved by a reaction called editing. The crystal structure of an enzyme with editing activity in translation is presented here at 2.5 angstroms resolution. The enzyme, isoleucyl-transfer RNA synthetase, activates not only the cognate substrate L-isoleucine but also the minimally distinct L-valine in the first, aminoacylation step. Then, in a second, "editing" step, the synthetase itself rapidly hydrolyzes only the valylated products. For this two-step substrate selection, a "double-sieve" mechanism has already been proposed. The present crystal structures of the synthetase in complexes with L-isoleucine and L-valine demonstrate that the first sieve is on the aminoacylation domain containing the Rossmann fold, whereas the second, editing sieve exists on a globular beta-barrel domain that protrudes from the aminoacylation domain.
Large-scale evaluation of a vulnerability analysis framework (2014)

Ensuring that exploitable vulnerabilities do not exist in a piece of software written using type-unsafe languages (e.g., C/C++) is still a challenging, largely unsolved problem. Current commercial security tools are improving but still have shortcomings, including limited detection rates for certain vulnerability classes and high false-positive rates (which require a security expert's knowledge to analyze). To address this there is a great deal of ongoing research in software vulnerability detection and mitigation as well as in experimentation and evaluation of the associated software security tools. We present the second-generation prototype of the MINESTRONE architecture along with a large-scale evaluation conducted under the IARPA STONESOUP program. This second evaluation includes improvements in the scale and realism of the test suite with real-world test programs up to 200+KLOC. This paper presents three main contributions. First, we show that the MINESTRONE framework remains a useful tool for evaluating real-world software for security vulnerabilities. Second, we enhance the existing tools to provide detection of previously omitted vulnerabilities. Finally, we provide an analysis of the test corpus and give lessons learned from the test and evaluation.
Large-Periphery ALGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors for High-Power Operation (2010)

We report on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for high-power operation achieved by selective-area growth (SAG) technique based on plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). Significant improvements in current density and on-state resistance were observed when SAG was employed. Maximum current of 1.75A and on-state resistance of 4.76mΩ cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> were demonstrated for a large-periphery HEMT with total gate width of 5.2mm. Low Schottky gate leakage current was also realized by the suppression effect of SAG and the use of Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate insulators, leading to a high gate breakdown voltage of over 200V at a short gate-to- drain distance of 6μm.
WSi/sub x//poly-Si gate stack etching for advanced dRAM applications (2003)

Results of a tungsten silicide/poly-Si gate etch process based on a Cl/sub 2//NF/sub 3//HBr silicide step are presented. The addition of fluorine to the main etch suppresses the formation of polymers in the reactor chamber. HBr allows the control of the sidewall passivation of the microstructures. A very thin yet robust sidewall layer is desired to achieve ultimate critical dimension (CD) control without sacrificing profile shape. CD microloading (i.e. the difference in the CD bias for nested and isolated lines) is minimized by operating at elevated cathode temperatures. The grain structure of the silicide film determines the roughness of the silicon etch front prior to approaching the gate oxide. In-situ reflectometry and atomic force microscopy have been used to analyse the mechanism of gate oxide texturing and punch through. Reflectometry can be used to predict the exposure of the gate oxide and to switch early enough to a very selective etch step that clears the poly-Si.
Catalyst-Exsolving Anode-Supported Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (2021)

While ceramic anodes provide a path to overcome the obstacles of the current state of the art cermet-based solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), they are limited by processing challenges, low conductivity, poor catalytic activity, and instability. Here, we address these challenges by fabricating a ceramic-anode-supported SOFC composed of Sr 2 Fe 0.4 Ni 0.8 Mo 0.8 O 6− δ (SFNM) which is highly conductive and spontaneously exsolves nano-catalysts for low temperature operation (600 °C). Using a simple and scalable procedure, we manufacture these SOFCs to have 60% lower ohmic loss than their electrolyte-supported analogues and we take advantage of the in-situ catalyst exsolution to circumvent additional catalyst deposition steps. We show that the catalyst exsolution triples the peak power density up to ∼200 mW cm −2 at 600 °C with H 2 fuel, which is comparable to other ceramic anode SOFCs operating at considerably higher temperatures (&gt;700 °C). Further, we discuss two major challenges facing exsolution-anode supported SOFCs, show our efforts to identify and address the root causes of such problems, and describe a potential path forward for next-generation anodes.
Supplementary Figure 2 from The Gut Microbiome Associates with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2&lt;/p&gt;
Field Utilization of the Cleveland Clinic Concussion iPad Assessment Tool (P5.317) (2014)

OBJECTIVES: This project aimed to to determine the feasibility and clinical utility of using the Cleveland Clinic Concussion (C3) iPad Application as a concussion management tool for Certified Athletic Trainers and physicians within the Cleveland Clinic. BACKGROUND: A fundamental gap in the assessment and management of concussion has been the lack of a comprehensive, objective and quantitative assessment of the multiple symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, postural instability and dynamic visual acuity, associated with concussion. The C3 App uses the built in sensors and touch screen of the iPad to quantify aspects of cognitive function (information processing, attention, working memory); postural stability through sampling of the accelerometer and gyroscope native to the iPad; and dynamic visual acuity through presentation of letters with the simultaneous cuing of head movements. DESIGN/METHODS: 4,921 high school and college athletes (14-24 year; 3834 male, 1087 female) participating in contact sports completed preseason baseline testing. Each baseline required 15 minutes. In athletes sustaining a concussion, post-injury assessments were completed. RESULTS: At Baseline, Symptom severity was 2.0; simple and choice reaction time were 286 and 445 ms respectively. The Trails A and B times were 31.4 and 57.8 seconds respectively while processing speed test performance was 56.2 correct responses, total BESS errors were 13 while dynamic visual acuity was 20.4 out of 25. Post-concussion data from approximately 450 athletes indicate significant differences in domain of function compromised, however, there general declines in processing and balance were present. CONCLUSIONS: The App provided baseline data on cognitive and motor function that are similar to normative data for this population. This approach is feasible and clinically useful as it standardizes the assessment and management of athletes across multiple schools. The multi-dimensional assessment of concussed athletes using this system aids in continuity of care across a large healthcare system.
A fluorescence assay that detects long branches in the starch polysaccharide amylopectin (2013)

Long α(1-4)-linked glucopyranose branches in the starch polysaccharide amylopectin can be detected by the specific binding of an anionic amphiphilic fluorescent probe. The probe forms spermidine-stabilised micelles in water resulting in fluorescence quenching. By extracting the probe from the micelles polysaccharides are detected in a "turn-on" fluorescence assay.
Analysis of Patients with Craniosynostosis Syndromes for a Pro246Arg Mutation in FGFR4 (1998)

An identical amino acid substitution in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 1, 2 and 3 occurs in patients with different craniosynostosis syndromes. We tested 113 patients with various craniosynostosis syndromes for the analogous Pro246Arg mutation in FGFR4 by a PCR-restriction enzyme assay. None of the patients displayed this change nor other mutations in the conserved linker region, as test by SSCP analysis. Mutations in this domain of FGFR4 are unlikely to contribute significantly to craniosynostosis in humans.
Natalizumab remains detectable in patients with multiple sclerosis long after treatment is stopped (2011)

Natalizumab is frequently used as a treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). The occurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in natalizumab-treated patients indicates that its prominent beneficial effects need to be balanced against the risks. Also, cessation of the drug seems to be associated with recurrence of disease activity. Both the moment of rebound disease activity and the outcome of PML are related to clearance of the drug. Specific features of this IgG4 antibody (i.e. half-antibody exchange) may result in underestimated drug levels. Here, we demonstrate natalizumab levels in 10 patients with relapsing MS, using a recently developed sensitive assay. Remarkably, natalizumab was detectable up to 200 days after cessation of therapy.
A synthesis technique for radiation patterns due to conformal antenna arrays on PEC circular cylinders of finite length (2002)

In this paper, the effects of platform geometry on the synthesis of an array of conformal antennas is investigated using an array of 9 microstrip patch antennas mounted on a truncated PEC circular cylinder. It is seen that for such a platform it can not be assumed that all of the array elements have the same individual radiation patterns, but instead their patterns are greatly dependent on the platform geometry. Under these conditions, pattern multiplication can not be used, nor can a progressive phase shift be used to steer the main lobe of such an array. A nonprogressive phasing and/or a nonuniform amplitude tapering is suggested to compensate for many of the problems associated with designing this type of array.
56/28-Gb/s PAM4/PAM2 Impedance-Modulated Transmitter Enabling 44-dB/58-dB Loss Compensation at 14 GHz in a 7-nm FinFET Transceiver (2020)

This letter reports a 56-Gb/s PAM4, 28-Gb/s PAM2 transmitter that utilizes impedance modulation to implement pre-emphasis postcursor and precursor and low impedance postcursor modes. Implemented as part of a 7-nm FinFET transceiver, the multimode impedance modulated transmitter can compensate for 44- dB/58-dB channel loss in PAM4/PAM2 which is the highest loss compensation reported to date @56 Gbps. The transmitter achieves an impressive figure-of-merit of 0.86-pJ/bit per volt of differential output swing and surpasses its current mode logic based counterpart by a wide margin in terms of power and performance.
Exploring the near-surface at the lunar South Pole with geophysical tools (2020)

Geophysical imaging of the lunar near-surface structure will be key for in situ resource utilization, identification of hazards for crews and infrastructure, and answering science questions on the formation and interior of the Moon. The goal of this white paper is to highlight the value of ground-based geophysical experiments by a crew and to outline a series of experiments to address key science questions. Specifically, we propose for the Artemis III crewed mission multidisciplinary investigations using geophysical methods such as seismic, seismological, ground penetrating radar, and electromagnetic techniques. We identified a series of prime near-surface targets for such geophysical investigations: (1) establishing a lunar fault monitoring observatory across a lobate scarp to study recent lunar seismicity, (2) determining the physical properties of the regolith at the landing site, (3) investigating the structure and in-situ properties of permanently shadowed regions in the context of the search for water ice and other cold-trapped volatiles, and (4) imaging the interior structure of the South-Pole Aitken basin. Beyond Artemis III, the Moon will serve as a comprehensive testbed for extra-terrestrial geophysics. Hence, lessons learned from human geophysical exploration of the Moon will be key for the exploration of the moons of Mars and near-Earth object(s), and prepare us for the human exploration of space beyond the Moon.
Study of Local Hydrodynamic Environment in Cell-Substrate Adhesion Using Side-View μPIV Technology (2012)

Tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium under shear flow conditions is a critical step that results in circulation-mediated tumor metastasis. This study presents experimental and computational techniques for studying the local hydrodynamic environment around adherent cells and how local shear conditions affect cell-cell interactions on the endothelium in tumor cell adhesion. To study the local hydrodynamic profile around heterotypic adherent cells, a side-view flow chamber assay coupled with micro particle imaging velocimetry (μPIV) technique was developed, where interactions between leukocytes and tumor cells in the near-endothelial wall region and the local shear flow environment were characterized. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were also used to obtain quantitative flow properties around those adherent cells. Results showed that cell dimension and relative cell-cell positions had strong influence on local shear rates. The velocity profile above leukocytes and tumor cells displayed very different patterns. Larger cell deformations led to less disturbance to the flow. Local shear rates above smaller cells were observed to be more affected by relative positions between two cells.
Front Cover: Rhodium Complexes of a New‐Generation Sapphyrin: Unique Structures, Axial Chirality, and Catalysis (Chem. Eur. J. 65/2018) (2018)

Rhodium(I) floating between the five nitrogen atoms of sapphyrin and how this affects chirality of the corresponding complex are depicted in the cover image. In addition, this work focuses on the CF3-stabilized derivative and its ability to catalyze cyclopropanation. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Z. Gross et al. on page 17255. Rhodium(I) floating between the five nitrogen atoms of sapphyrin and how this affects chirality of the corresponding complex are depicted in the cover image. In addition, this work focuses on the CF3-stabilized derivative and its ability to catalyze cyclopropanation. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Z. Gross et al. on page 17255.
CaSMoS (2016)

User experience at social media and web platforms such as LinkedIn is heavily dependent on the performance and scalability of its products. Applications such as personalized search and recommendations require real-time scoring of millions of structured candidate documents associated with each query, with strict latency constraints. In such applications, the query incorporates the context of the user (in addition to search keywords if present), and hence can become very large, comprising of thousands of Boolean clauses over hundreds of document attributes. Consequently, candidate selection techniques need to be applied since it is infeasible to retrieve and score all matching documents from the underlying inverted index. We propose CaSMoS, a machine learned candidate selection framework that makes use of Weighted AND (WAND) query. Our framework is designed to prune irrelevant documents and retrieve documents that are likely to be part of the top-k results for the query. We apply a constrained feature selection algorithm to learn positive weights for feature combinations that are used as part of the weighted candidate selection query. We have implemented and deployed this system to be executed in real time using LinkedIn's Galene search platform. We perform extensive evaluation with different training data approaches and parameter settings, and investigate the scalability of the proposed candidate selection model. Our deployment of this system as part of LinkedIn's job recommendation engine has resulted in significant reduction in latency (up to 25%) without sacrificing the quality of the retrieved results, thereby paving the way for more sophisticated scoring models.
Angiotensin II stimulates vesicular H + -ATPase in rat proximal tubular cells (1998)

Two mechanisms of H+ ion secretion in the proximal tubule that mediate bicarbonate reabsorption have been identified: the brush border Na/H exchanger and electrogenic H+ ion secretion. Angiotensin II (AII) has been shown to be a regulator of the luminal Na+/H+ exchanger and the basolateral Na+/HCO3- cotransporter. In the present study, we examined the effects of AII on H+-ATPase activity in isolated proximal tubule fragments. H+-ATPase activity was assessed by monitoring intracellular pH after Na+ removal from the bath. In addition, we investigated the effects on pH recovery of the proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1, removal of Cl-, and of colchicine. pH was continuously measured with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2', 7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Recovery of cell pH was observed in the absence of external Na+ and was significantly accelerated by AII. The AII-stimulated pH recovery was completely abolished by bafilomycin A1, by removal of Cl-, by NPPB [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate; a potent Cl- channel blocker], and by colchicine. We conclude from these studies that AII stimulates proton extrusion via H+-ATPase by a Cl--dependent process involving brush border insertion of vesicles. This process may contribute to up-regulation of HCO3- reabsorption along the proximal tubule when tubules are exposed to AII.
Ambipolar Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor (2011)

The first ambipolar oxide-based thin-film transistor (TFT) using an SnO channel is presented, demonstrating operation of a complementary-like inverter configured by two ambipolar SnO TFTs. Saturation mobilities of 0.8 and 5 × 10−4 cm2 V−1s−1 are obtained for the p-channel and n-channel modes, respectively, and the inverter shows a maximum voltage gain of 2.5. This is the first demonstration of a complementary-like circuit using a single oxide semiconductor channel and provides an important step toward practical oxide electronics. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Comparison of nonhuman primate antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide with human antibodies in oligoclonality and in vivo protective potency (1994)

Nonhuman primates are often used as a model for studying vaccines for humans. However, it is not always clear how closely the antibody responses in these species mimic human responses. Recent studies have characterized the human antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in great detail. In this study, we have compared the antibody response to Hib of humans with those of other primates. Studies of isoelectric points and V kappa subgroup usage show that, like humans, nonhuman primates produce oligoclonal antibodies. Also, monkey antibodies to the Hib polysaccharide are as protective as human antibodies in an in vivo model of Hib infection. Thus, we conclude that nonhuman primates produce antibodies to Hib polysaccharide that are structurally and functionally similar to human antibodies and are a good model for testing human vaccines.
Polarimetric images of a cone (1999)

Scenes from a Mueller matrix movie of a brass cone are shown. From the Mueller matrix image, a variety of polarization measures are calculated and displayed. These polarization images reveal considerable details about the geometry of the cone despite the fact that the images are taken from a single vantage point, i. e. they are "flat images". As the cone rotates, the orientation of the diattenuation and retardance follow the shape of the cone, providing a clear indication of its shape.
Crystal and liquid crystalline polymorphism in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloropalladate(ii) salts (2001)

1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloropalladate(II) salts ([Cn-mim]2[PdCl4], n = 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) containing a single, linear alkyl-chain substituent on the cation have been synthesised and their behaviour characterised by differential scanning calorimetry, polarising optical microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. The salts display thermotropic polymorphism, exhibiting both crystal–crystal transitions and, for n = 14–18, the formation of a thermotropic smectic liquid crystalline phase.
Workflow-Management-Systeme im Engineering (2015)

Aufgrund steigender Komplexität automatisierungstechnischer Anlagen und damit wachsender Anforderungen an die Engineeringwerkzeuge sind Lösungen notwendig, um diese Komplexität zu managen. Ein wesentlicher Ansatzpunkt ist es, die Engineeringprozesse durch Workflow-Management-Systeme (WfMS) zu verbessern, die bereits in diversen Branchen große Vorteile bei der Prozessabarbeitung bieten. Im Beitrag werden Potenziale sowie eine Referenzarchitektur für die Integration von WfMS in Engineeringwerkzeugen vorgestellt. Der Mehrwert für die Planung von Anlagen wird an einem Beispiel aufgezeigt.