gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
tSDX: Enabling Impairment-Aware All-Optical Inter-Domain Exchange (2017)

Optical transmission systems exist ubiquitously in data center, access, metro and long-haul networks, and are divided into different autonomous domains based on different carrier ownership, network equipment manufacturers, geographical location, etc. Software-defined Internet exchange methods have been proposed to solve the long-standing problem of inter-domain routing and enable control flexibility in layer-3 networks, and software-defined networking (SDN) has also been introduced to optical networks and much progress has been made to enhance optical network control capability. In this paper, we investigate a transparent software-defined exchange (tSDX) with real-time impairment-aware service level agreement (SLA) guarantees for multidomain optical networks. An SDN-based hierarchical control architecture is designed and implemented. End-to-end, impairment-aware wavelength path provisioning is experimentally realized in a multidomain network. Real-time optical signal to noise ratio based optical performance monitoring, together with inter-domain negotiation enabled by our proposed SDN control architecture, serves as an SLA guarantee for 100-Gbps polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying signals in dense wavelength division multiplexed transmission.
An In Vitro Hemodynamic Loop Model to Investigate the Hemocytocompatibility and Host Cell Activation of Vascular Medical Devices (2020)

In this study, the hemocompatibility of tubes with an inner diameter of 5 mm made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and coated with different bioactive conjugates was compared to uncoated PVC tubes, latex tubes, and a stent for intravascular application that was placed inside the PVC tubes. Evaluation of hemocompatibility was done using an in vitro hemodynamic loop model that is recommended by the ISO standard 10993-4. The tubes were cut into segments of identical length and closed to form loops avoiding any gap at the splice, then filled with human blood and rotated in a water bath at 37 °C for 3 hours. Thereafter, the blood inside the tubes was collected for the analysis of whole blood cell count, hemolysis (free plasma hemoglobin), complement system (sC5b-9), coagulation system (fibrinopeptide A), and leukocyte activation (polymorphonuclear elastase, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6). Host cell activation was determined for platelet activation, leukocyte integrin status and monocyte platelet aggregates using flow cytometry. The effect of inaccurate loop closure was examined with x-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy, that showed thrombus formation at the splice. Latex tubes showed the strongest activation of both plasma and cellular components of the blood, indicating a poor hemocompatibility, followed by the stent group and uncoated PVC tubes. The coated PVC tubes did not show a significant decrease in platelet activation status, but showed an increased in complement and coagulation cascade compared to uncoated PVC tubes. The loop model itself did not lead to the activation of cells or soluble factors, and the hemolysis level was low. Therefore, the presented in vitro hemodynamic loop model avoids excessive activation of blood components by mechanical forces and serves as a method to investigate in vitro interactions between donor blood and vascular medical devices.
A molecular shuttle (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVarticleNEXTA molecular shuttlePier Lucio Anelli, Neil Spencer, and J. Fraser StoddartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 13, 5131–5133Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 June 1991Published inissue 1 June 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00013a096Copyright © 1991 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views10346Altmetric-Citations595LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (906 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Nozaki‐Hiyama‐Kishi Reactions Catalytic in Chromium. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Turn-on process in high voltage 4H-SiC thyristors (1998)

The turn-on process and steady state current-voltage characteristics have been investigated in 4H-SiC thyristors with a forward breakover voltage close to 700 V and pulse switch current density of . The current rise constant decreases monotonically with increasing temperature: ns at and ns at T = 500 K at high bias V. The value of ns is the lowest observed value for SiC thyristors. At very high current density the residual voltage drop on 4H-SiC thyristors is lower than on identically rated Si thyristors. The voltage drop decreases monotonically with increasing temperature.
Optical immunosensors for detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis from food (2004)

Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella are two major foodborne pathogens of significant concern. Two optical evanescent wave immunosensors were evaluated for detection: Antibody-coupled fiber-optic biosensor and a surface plasmon resonant (SPR) immunosensor. In the fiber-optic sensor, polyclonal antibodies for the test organisms were immobilized on polystyrene fiber wave -guides using streptavidin - biotin chemistry. Cyanine 5 -labeled monoclonal antibodies C11E9 (for L. monocytogenes) and SF-11 (for Salmonella Enteritidis) were used to generate a specific fluorescent signal. Signal acquisition was performed by launching a laser-light (635 nm) from an Analyte-2000. This immunosensor was able to detect 10<sup>3</sup> - 10<sup>9</sup> cfu/ml of L. monocytogenes or 10<sup>6</sup>-10<sup>9</sup> cfu/ml of Salmonella Enteritidis and the assays were conducted at near real-time with results obtained within one hour of sampling. The assays were specific and showed signal even in the presence of other microorganisms such as E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis or Salmonella Typhimurium. In the SPR system, IAsys instrument (resonant mirror sensor) was used. Monoclonal antibody-C11E9 was directly immobilized onto a carboxylate cuvette. Whole Listeria cells at various concentrations did not yield any signal while surface protein extracts did. Crude protein extracts from L. monocytogenes and L. innocua had average binding responses of around 150 arc sec (0.25 ng/mm<sup>2</sup>), which was significantly different from L. grayi, L. ivanovii, or L. welshimeri with average responses of <48 arc sec. Both fiber-optic and SPR sensors show promise in near real-time detection of foodborne L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis.
Shifting of the melting point for semi-crystalline polymer nanofibers (2011)

The depression of melting temperature as a function of the diameter of electrospun semi-crystalline polymer nanofibers is discussed. Due to fast solvent evaporation during nanofiber electrospinning, there occurs the fixation of topological structure of the polymer matrix corresponding to chain entanglement of the initial concentration of the semi-dilute solution. The resulting level of chain entanglement is lower than that in polymer bulk at equilibrium. This difference results in an addition to the entropy jump corresponding to the polymer's melting, and accounts for the observed shift in melting temperature in as-spun fibers. The proposed concept is found to be in good agreement with experimental results obtained for as-spun poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) fibers.
In vitro comparison of the vitamin D endocrine system in 1,25(OH)2D3-responsive and –Resistant melanoma cells (2007)

We studied effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], its analog seocalcitol (EB 1089), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], on the growth of seven melanoma cell lines. While three cell lines (MeWo, SK-Mel-28, SM) responded to antiproliferative effects of active vitamin D analogs, the others (SK-Mel-5, SK-Mel-25, IGR, MeUuso) were resistant. A strong induction (7000-fold) of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24OHase, CYP24) mRNA was detected in responsive cell lines along with 1,25(OH)2D3-treatment, indicating functional integrity of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated transcription. In contrast, induction of 24OHase was much lower in resistant melanoma cells (70-fold). VDR mRNA was induced up to 3-fold both in responsive and resistant cell lines along with 1,25(OH)2D3-treatment. RNA for vitamin D-activating enzymes vitamin D-25-hydroxylase (25OHase, CYP27A1) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D-lalpha-hydroxylase (lalphaOHase, CYP27B1) was detected in all melanoma cell lines analyzed, additionally we show splicing variants of lalphaOHase in SK-Mel-28 cells. Expression of 250Hase and laOHase was marginally modulated along with treatment. Proliferation of melanoma cells was not inhibited by treatment with 25(OH)D3, indicating no significant stimulation of endogeneous production of antiproliferative acting 1,25(OH)2D3. In conclusion, we characterize the vitamin D endocrine system in melanoma cells and demonstrate that the majority of melanoma cell lines analyzed is resistant to antiproliferative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3. It can be speculated that these alterations are of importance for pathogenesis and growth of metastasizing malignant melanoma. Additionally, our findings indicate that only a minority of cases with metastasizing melanoma may represent a promising target for palliative treatment with new vitamin D analogs that exert little calcemic side effects or for pharmacological modulation of 1,25(OH)2D3-synthesis/metabolism.
47.2: Perceptually‐Tuned Grayscale Characters Based on Parametrisable Component Fonts (2001)

Abstract Our component‐based parametrisable font system is a newly developed font description and reproduction technology. It incorporates for each basic character shape software method responsible for the synthesis of an instance of that character. A given font is synthesized by providing appropriate font parameters to these character synthesis methods. Numerous concrete fonts can be derived by simply varying the parameters. Such variations offer high flexibility for synthesizing derived fonts (variations in condensation, weight and contrast) and enable saving a considerable amount of storage space. This paper shows that with component based parametrisable fonts, high quality perceptually‐tuned grayscale characters can be generated without requiring hinting information. Generating perceptually‐tuned grayscale characters with parametrized component‐ based fonts consists in automatically adapting the phase of some of the character's parameters in respect to the underlying grid and in ensuring that thin character parts are strong enough not to disappear (weight‐control). The presented method is especially powerful for generating high‐quality characters on LCD displays (cellular phones, pen‐computers, electronic books, etc.).
A Quantum-based Model for Interactive Information Retrieval (extended version) (2009)

Even the best information retrieval model cannot always identify the most useful answers to a user query. This is in particular the case with web search systems, where it is known that users tend to minimise their effort to access relevant information. It is, however, believed that the interaction between users and a retrieval system, such as a web search engine, can be exploited to provide better answers to users. Interactive Information Retrieval (IR) systems, in which users access information through a series of interactions with the search system, are concerned with building models for IR, where interaction plays a central role. There are many possible interactions between a user and a search system, ranging from query (re)formulation to relevance feedback. However, capturing them within a single framework is difficult and previously proposed approaches have mostly focused on relevance feedback. In this paper, we propose a general framework for interactive IR that is able to capture the full interaction process in a principled way. Our approach relies upon a generalisation of the probability framework of quantum physics, whose strong geometric component can be a key towards a successful interactive IR model.
Spin Splitting of Single 0D Impurity States in Semiconductor Heterostructure Quantum Wells (1996)

Zeeman splitting of the ground state of single impurities in the quantum well of a resonant tunneling heterostructure is reported. We determine the absolute magnitude of the effective magnetic spin splitting factor ${g}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{*}$ for a single impurity in a $44\AA{}$ ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.27}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.73}\mathrm{As}/\mathrm{GaAs}/{\mathrm{Al}}_{0.27}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.73}\mathrm{As}$ quantum well to be 0.28 $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$ 0.02. This system also allows for independent measurement of the electron tunneling rates through the two potential barriers and estimation of the occupation probability of the impurity state in the quantum well.
An Improved Resolution Of 2-Methyl Piperidine And Its Use in The Synthesis Of Homochiral Trans-2,6-Dialkyl Piperidines (1999)

Abstract An efficient procedure for the resolution of 2-methylpiperidine is described. The enantiomers were used for a short and effective synthesis of the C2 symmetric piperidine, (+)-lupetidine and (+)-epidihydropinidine.
Systems- and Molecular-Level Elucidation of Signaling Processes Through Chemistry (2008)

Complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction is a major focus of research in the postgenomic era. Efforts to realize this goal have benefited from interdisciplinary approaches, specifically through the development of new technologies. Several groups have now described new chemical strategies to probe signaling with broadly different degrees of focus. The first report employs an enzymatic tagging strategy to monitor global proteolytic cleavage events that occur during apoptosis. The second study illustrates a general method to functionally characterize a specific kinase through the identification of its substrates. Finally, the third report describes a synthetic route to generate ubiquitinated proteins and demonstrates the utility of protein chemistry in understanding the detailed biochemical mechanisms of signaling. Together, these papers highlight the power of chemical tools to examine specific networks, thereby expanding our understanding of signaling pathways.
A Time-Warped MDCT Approach to Speech Transform Coding (2009)

The modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) is often used for audio coding due to its critical sampling property and good energy compaction, especially for harmonic tones with constant fundamental frequencies (pitch). However, in voiced human speech the pitch is time-varying and thus the energy is spread over several transform coefficients, leading to a reduction of coding efficiency. The approach presented herein compensates for pitch variation in each MDCT block by application of time-variant re-sampling. A dedicated signal adaptive transform window computation ensures the preservation of the time domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC) property. Re-sampling can be designed such that the duration of the processed blocks is not altered, facilitating the replacement of the conventional MDCT in existing audio coders.
Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (APPI) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
A Novel Mechanism by Which Small Molecule Inhibitors Induce the DFG Flip in Aurora A (2012)

Most protein kinases share a DFG (Asp-Phe-Gly) motif in the ATP site that can assume two distinct conformations, the active DFG-in and the inactive DFG-out states. Small molecule inhibitors able to induce the DFG-out state have received considerable attention in kinase drug discovery. Using a typical DFG-in inhibitor scaffold of Aurora A, a kinase involved in the regulation of cell division, we found that halogen and nitrile substituents directed at the N-terminally flanking residue Ala273 induced global conformational changes in the enzyme, leading to DFG-out inhibitors that are among the most potent Aurora A inhibitors reported to date. The data suggest an unprecedented mechanism of action, in which induced-dipole forces along the Ala273 side chain alter the charge distribution of the DFG backbone, allowing the DFG to unwind. As the ADFG sequence and three-dimensional structure is highly conserved, DFG-out inhibitors of other kinases may be designed by specifically targeting the flanking alanine residue with electric dipoles.
Performance of a micro-cell based transfer printed HCPV system in the South Eastern US (2012)

Printed micro-cells are the basis of a more cost effective and highly efficient HCPV module design. Module efficiencies of 33.9% at STC have been demonstrated for modules designed for commercial use. An array of these modules were deployed in a 3.5 kW system in Huntsville, AL to validate the design, demonstrate the reliability of the system and collect on-sun data to understand system performance. The first six months of performance data is presented along with results from soiling experiments.
Image Placement Error Due to Pattern Transfer For EUV Masks (2002)

As semiconductor device requirements approach the 70 nm lithography node the development and implementation of a next-generation lithography (NGL) technology and the associated masks becomes of paramount importance. We have been developing Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) mask materials and processes. Fabrication of these masks includes the deposition and patterning of an EUV absorber stack. An understanding of the effect of pattern transfer on image placement is required due to the stringent image placement requirements for NGL masks. This article reports the measurement results of image placement caused by the pattern transfer of resist through final image for a candidate EUVL absorber stack using both bright field and dark field patterned 6025 (6” &times; 6” &times; 0.25”) masks. To determine stress related image distortion for EUV masks, an EUV stack consisting of SiON, TaSiN, and Cr was deposited onto Mo/Si coated mask blanks (6025 format) provided by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Both dark field and bright field masks were built and the pattern image placement was measured after e-beam lithography and after every etch process. Analysis of the data sets provided the resultant pattern transfer induced image displacement.
Lift the veil of the block samples from the Warcq chariot burial with 3D digital technologies (2018)

Cultural Heritage (CH) professionals including archaeologists and conservators regularly experience the problem of working on concealed artifacts and face the potential destruction of source material without real understanding of the internal structure or state of decay or modification of the initial context by the micro-excavation process. Medical image-based digitization, such as MRI or CT scanning, is increasingly used in CH as it provides information on the internal structure of archaeological material. Likewise, additive technologies are increasingly used in CH, to for example, reproduce, complete, study or exhibit artifacts. 3D copies based on surface digitization techniques such as laser scans or photogrammetry are however limited to the external surface of objects. Prior works illustrated the potential of combining 3D printing and Computed Tomography (CT) scans to extract concealed artifacts from larger archaeological material. The method was based on 3D segmentation techniques within volume data obtained by CT scans to isolate nested objects. This approach was useful to perform a digital extraction, but in some cases it is also interesting to observe the internal spatial organization of an intricate object in order to understand its production process. We propose a method for the representation of a complex internal structure based on a combination of CT scanning and emerging 3D printing techniques, mixing colored and transparent parts of an aggregate of objects, with very small pieces, from an exceptional aristocratic Gallic grave in the context of a preventive archaeological investigation.
Cardiorenal Syndromes – Recommendations from Clinical Practice Guidelines: The Cardiologist's View (2010)

In the past two decades European cardiologists have always been told to follow the evidence-based guidelines in their everyday clinical practice. In the case of patients with heart failure and concomitant renal disease, this universal rule is not easily applicable simply because there is a lack of specific trials in this field. Patients with cardiorenal syndromes are at risk of complications and have high morbidity and mortality. However, the management of these patients is often empirical. Drugs commonly recommended for the treatment of chronic and acutely decompensated heart failure are not always accepted for patients with concomitant renal disease. Future research trials in heart failure should include patients with renal insufficiency to allow better understanding of the impact of the current treatments available in patients with cardiorenal syndromes.