gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the electron donor structure on the shelf‐lifetime of visible‐light activated three‐component initiator systems (2009)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the effect of electron donor structures on the shelf life of three‐component initiator systems which also included methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer and diphenyl iodonium salt (DPI) as an electron acceptor. For this research, N‐phenylglycine (NPG), N‐ methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), N,N ‐diisopropyl‐3‐pentylamine (DIPA), and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) were used as electron donors, with different of proton transfer efficiencies and radical/cation persistence. To aid characterization of the shelf‐life or dark storage stability of three‐component initiator systems, the relative polymerization kinetic profile of each freshly prepared initiator system was first obtained using photo‐DSC. The standardized photopolymerization reactions were repeated after various dark storage intervals. Thermal stability of each initiator system was compared by applying a ramped temperature program to monomer samples in the DSC in the dark. To analyze the kinetic changes as a function of storage time more quantitatively, we suggested an equation and characterized the shelf‐lifetime constant (k) of three‐component initiator systems. From the experiments and analysis, we conclude that the order of shelf‐life is consistent with the of radical cation (DH· + ) persistence; DABCO &gt; DIPA &gt; MDEA &gt; NPG, and inversely related to the proton transfer efficiency of the electron donor; NPG &gt; MDEA &gt; DIPA &gt; DABCO. The effects of electron donor structures on thermal stability were consistent with the results of kinetic shelf‐life experiments. This investigation provides an effective means to characterize as well as predict shelf lifetimes of initiator systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Clostridium difficile colitis and peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis: ‘Difficile’ treatment considerations (2022)

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) associated peritonitis is the leading cause of PD discontinuation and haemodialysis transfer. Current guidelines strongly recommend prompt initiation of empiric broad-spectrum intraperitoneal antibiotics, with suspected peritonitis. <i>Clostridium difficile</i> colitis is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, with increased morbidity and mortality among end-stage kidney disease patients. Clinical presentation is mainly characterised by diarrhoea of varying severity, which may eventually evolve into toxic megacolon and paralytic ileus. However, PD patients with <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI) may also have colitis-triggered peritonitis, presenting challenging scenario for antibiotic treatment strategy, since broad-spectrum antibiotics against peritonitis may worsen CDI-related colitis, while inappropriate or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy may worsen peritonitis. Currently, guidelines on peritonitis management do not include such challenging clinical situations, although increasingly common. We herein describe a case of a patient, with culture-negative PD associated peritonitis and CDI, presenting with diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cloudy effluent.
<title>Antibody profiling as an identification tool for forensic samples</title> (1999)

A novel identification technique called antibody profiling was examined as an alternative to DNA-based methods for matching crime scene evidence to a suspect. This technique provides results within 2 hours, is 1/100 the cost of DNA tests, and does not require skilled technicians or expensive equipment. A matrix of 422 blood samples were prepared to mimic typical crime scene conditions and provide validation for the technique. The effects of sample size, drying temperature, binary and ternary blood mixtures, adulteration with chemicals, and placement on a variety of surfaces were examined. Using the antibody profiling method, 91% of the 422 samples were correctly identified. In addition, binary blood mixtures could be identified with up to 40% contaminating blood. Temperatures at or above 60 degree(s)C and the presence of soil in the samples interfered with the ability to correctly identify samples. In this study, the antibody profiling technique was shown to be an excellent alternative to DNA-based identification methods. This method will find applications in situations where results are needed rapidly, where it is necessary to screen multiple suspects, and in remote areas where the equipment and technical skills needed for DNA testing are not available.
Effect of detector time delay and its correction in multiple source computed tomography (2009)

In scintillating detectors x-rays are converted to luminescent photons with a time delay. The corresponding time resolution of the detector can have - in contrast to usual multi-slice CT - a deteriorating effect in new CT concepts with multiple sources illuminating one detector, because x-ray intensities measured here in consecutive projections correspond to the absorption along paths through very different regions of the object. A new analytical description of these effects is presented and a correction algorithm is derived. It is also shown that the detector time delay and its correction can lead to a noticeable increase of image noise.
Prostate-derived Ets factor, an oncogenic driver in breast cancer (2017)

Prostate-derived Ets factor (PDEF), a member of the Ets family of transcription factors, differs from other family members in its restricted expression in normal tissues and its unique DNA-binding motif. These interesting attributes coupled with its aberrant expression in cancer have rendered PDEF a focus of increasing interest by tumor biologists. This review provides a current understanding of the characteristics of PDEF expression and its role in breast cancer. The bulk of the evidence is consistent with PDEF overexpression in most breast tumors and an oncogenic role for this transcription factor in breast cancer. In addition, high PDEF expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors showed significant correlation with poor overall survival in several independent cohorts of breast cancer patients. Together, these findings demonstrate PDEF to be an oncogenic driver of breast cancer and a biomarker of poor prognosis in this cancer. Based on this understanding and the limited expression of PDEF in normal human tissues, the development of PDEF-based therapeutics for prevention and treatment of breast cancer is also discussed.
Refractive index and density of vapor‐deposited ice (1995)

The refractive indices of vapor‐deposited ice films were measured versus substrate temperature from 35–140 K and H 2 O pressure from 1.9 × 10 −7 –9.5 × 10 −5 Torr using optical interference techniques. The refractive indices were measured for ice films deposited on a cooled, single‐crystal Al 2 O 3 substrate in vacuum. Ice densities were calculated from these refractive indices using the Lorentz‐Lorenz relationship. Above 120 K, the ice films had a refractive index of n=1.31 and a density of ρ=0.93 g/cm³. Significantly lower refractive indices and densities were found at lower temperatures and higher H 2 O fluxes that were consistent with microporous ices. A refractive index of n=1.24 and density of ρ=0.68 g/cm³ were determined at 35 K and an H 2 O pressure of 4 × 10 −6 Torr. Above 35 K, the refractive index and density progressively increased with increasing temperature and decreasing H 2 O flux. The ice densities observed can be explained qualitatively using a ballistic deposition model. Estimates are also obtained for the surface diffusion of H 2 O on vapor‐deposited ice.
Pulsed Electric Energy-assisted Extraction (2022)

The modern state and recent developments of pulsed electric energy-assisted (PEE) extraction are reviewed. The two main PEE techniques based on pulsed electric field (PEF) and high voltage electrical discharges (HVED) and their advantages and limitations are discussed. In particular, the designs and relevant process variables, treatment protocols, instrumentation, and commercial equipment manufacturers are presented. The total specific energies of PEE required for different food processing operations are compared. The PEE-assisted extraction techniques and their combined applications with treatment using ultrasound high pressure and microwave are discussed. Examples of application of PEE for the treatment of fresh foods, dairy, meat and fish products, fruits, vegetables, biomass feedstocks for bioactives recovery, processing of juices and wine, extraction of ingredients from food by-products and wastes, herbs and spices, microalgae, and yeasts are also presented. It was demonstrated that the PEE technologies are eco-friendly, waste-free, and economically attractive. Moreover, they allow extraction with high efficiency and better retention of color, flavors, and nutrients in extracts, and short treatment times.
Efficient direct ac-to-dc converters for vibration-based low voltage energy harvesting (2008)

In this paper two direct ac-to-dc power electronics converter topologies are proposed for efficient and optimum energy harvesting from low voltage microgenerators. The conventional power electronics converters used for such applications have two stages, a diode bridge rectifier at the front end followed by a dc-dc boost converter. However, the extremely low output voltage of electromagnetic microgenerators does not allow diode bridge rectification. Even if possible, the losses in the front end diode bridge make the conventional power electronic interfaces quite inefficient. The proposed single stage converters directly boost the microgenerator low ac voltage to usable dc voltage level, and hence, achieve higher efficiency. The single stage ac-to-dc power conversion is achieved by utilizing the bidirectional current conduction capability of MOSFETs. Moreover, for optimum energy harvesting the power converter should be able to control the load resistance as seen by a microgenerator. The conventional converters are not conducive for such control. With the proposed converter topologies the optimal energy harvesting can be successfully realized.
III&#x2013;V-on-silicon hybrid integration, materials, devices, and applications (2011)

Hybrid integration of III-V compound semiconductors onto silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate is discussed from material, device and application perspective. Recent progress in integration technology and device optimization is reviewed.
Microarray based analysis of 3p25‐p26 deletions (3p‐ syndrome) (2009)

Distal deletion of chromosome 3p25-pter (3p- syndrome) produces a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by low birth weight, mental retardation, telecanthus, ptosis, and micrognathia. Congenital heart disease (CHD), typically atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) occurs in about a third of patients. Previously we reported on an association between the presence of CHD and the proximal extent of the deletion such that a CHD susceptibility gene was mapped between D3S1263 and D3S3594. In addition, we and others have suggested several candidate genes for the psychomotor retardation usually seen with constitutional 3p25 deletions. In order to further investigate genotype-phenotype correlations in 3p- syndrome we analyzed 14 patients with cytogenetically detectable deletions of 3p25 (including one patient with a normal phenotype) using Affymetrix 250K SNP microarrays. Deletion size varied from approximately 6 to 12 Mb. Assuming complete penetrance, a candidate critical region for a CHD susceptibility gene was refined to approximately 200 kb and a candidate critical region for mental retardation was mapped to an approximately 1 Mb interval containing SRGAP3 but other 3p neurodevelopmental genes including CHL1, CNTN4, LRRN1, and ITPR1 mapped outside the candidate critical interval. We suggest that current evidence suggests that SRGAP3 is the major determinant of mental retardation in distal 3p deletions.
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 2-Pyranone from Silyl Ketene (2018)

We report a highly functionalized 2-pyranone small molecule prepared from <i>tert</i>-butyl diphenyl silyl ketene using an alkoxide catalyst and thermally induced rearrangement. Treatment of the silyl ketene with a substoichiometric amount of alkoxide led to the formation of a trimer which was isolated and fully characterized; heating this trimer in a 1,4-dioxane solution induced a thermal rearrangement, yielding the product 2-pyranone. The isolated intermediate and product are characterized by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. A mechanism for the thermally induced rearrangement is proposed based on <sup>1</sup>H NMR studies, and a rate law is derived from the proposed mechanism with steady-state approximation. This work illustrates a route for the formation of highly functionalized and modifiable 2-pyranone motifs with potential biological activity. The formation of the trimer, and thus the functionalized 2-pyranone, is highly dependent on the silyl substituents and alkoxide counterion and thus indicates the intriguing reactivity of highly functionalized small molecules.
Bounds and dynamics for empirical game theoretic analysis (2019)

This paper provides several theoretical results for empirical game theory. Specifically, we introduce bounds for empirical game theoretical analysis of complex multi-agent interactions. In doing so we provide insights in the empirical meta game showing that a Nash equilibrium of the estimated meta-game is an approximate Nash equilibrium of the true underlying meta-game. We investigate and show how many data samples are required to obtain a close enough approximation of the underlying game. Additionally, we extend the evolutionary dynamics analysis of meta-games using heuristic payoff tables (HPTs) to asymmetric games. The state-of-the-art has only considered evolutionary dynamics of symmetric HPTs in which agents have access to the same strategy sets and the payoff structure is symmetric, implying that agents are interchangeable. Finally, we carry out an empirical illustration of the generalised method in several domains, illustrating the theory and evolutionary dynamics of several versions of the AlphaGo algorithm (symmetric), the dynamics of the Colonel Blotto game played by human players on Facebook (symmetric), the dynamics of several teams of players in the capture the flag game (symmetric), and an example of a meta-game in Leduc Poker (asymmetric), generated by the policy-space response oracle multi-agent learning algorithm.
Breast Tissue Cryosurgery With Antifreeze Proteins (1998)

Abstract Antifreeze proteins (AFP) are chemical compounds which can modify ice crystal structure to a needle-like form. They have been shown to enhance destruction of frozen cells. The goal of this study was to determine if these antifreeze proteins can destroy cells in frozen breast tissue and thereby serve as chemical adjuvants to breast cryosurgery. Fresh, normal human breast tissue was injected with solutions of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or PBS with 10 mg/ml antifreeze protein of type I (AFP-I) then frozen with a cooling rate of 5 °C/min to various subzero temperatures, on a special cryosurgery apparatus. Cell viability was examined with a two stain fluorescent dye test. The results show that a significant percentage of breast cells survive freezing to high subzero temperatures, typical of the temperature on the margin of a frozen cryolesion. The results also show that AFP have the ability to significantly increase cellular destruction in the high subzero temperature range.
Electronically Activated Organoboron Catalysts for Enantioselective Propargyl Addition to Trifluoromethyl Ketones (2017)

Abstract A broadly applicable, practical, scalable, efficient and highly α‐ and enantioselective method for addition of a silyl‐protected propargyl moiety to trifluoromethyl ketones has been developed. Reactions, promoted by 2.0 mol % of a catalyst that is derived in situ from a readily accessible aminophenol compound at ambient temperature, were complete after only 15 minutes at room temperature. The desired tertiary alcohols were isolated in up to 97 % yield and 98.5:1.5 enantiomeric ratio. Alkyl‐, alkenyl‐, alkynyl‐, aryl‐ or heteroaryl‐substituted trifluoromethyl ketones can be used. Utility is highlighted by application to a transformation that is relevant to enantioselective synthesis of BI 653048, a compound active against rheumatoid arthritis.
Understanding RUP Integrity of COLM (2017)

The authenticated encryption scheme COLM is a third-round candidate in the CAESAR competition. Much like its antecedents COPA, ELmE, and ELmD, COLM consists of two parallelizable encryption layers connected by a linear mixing function. While COPA uses plain XOR mixing, ELmE, ELmD, and COLM use a more involved invertible mixing function. In this work, we investigate the integrity of the COLM structure when unverified plaintext is released, and demonstrate that its security highly depends on the choice of mixing function. Our results are threefold. First, we discuss the practical nonce-respecting forgery by Andreeva et al. (ASIACRYPT 2014) against COPA’s XOR mixing. Then we present a noncemisusing forgery against arbitrary mixing functions with practical time complexity. Finally, by using significantly larger queries, we can extend the previous forgery to be nonce-respecting.
Period-based load partitioning and assignment for large real-time applications (2000)

We propose a new approach to the problem of workload partitioning and assignment for very large distributed real-time systems, in which software components are typically organized hierarchically, and hardware components potentially span several shared and/or dedicated links. Existing approaches for load partitioning and assignment are based on either schedulability or communication. The first category attempts to construct a feasible schedule for various assignments and chooses the one that minimizes task lateness (or other similar criteria), while the second category partitions the workload heuristically in accordance with the amount of intertask communication. We propose, and argue for, a (new) third category based on task periods, which, among others, combines the ability of handling heterogeneity with excellent scalability. Our algorithm is a recursive invocation of two stages: clustering and assignment. The clustering stage partitions tasks and processors into clusters. The assignment stage maps task clusters to processor clusters. A later scheduling stage will compute a feasible schedule, if any, when the size of processor clusters reduces to one at the bottom of the recursion tree. We introduce a new clustering heuristic and evaluate elements of the period-based approach using simulations to verify its suitability for large real-time applications. Also presented is an example application drawn from the field of command and control that has the potential to benefit significantly from the proposed approach.
Bis(cyclopentadienyliron)arene complexes: a new route to the synthesis and functionalization of polyaromatic ethers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(cyclopentadienyliron)arene complexes: a new route to the synthesis and functionalization of polyaromatic ethersAlaa S. Abd-El-Aziz, David C. Schriemer, and Christine R. de DenusCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 1, 374–384Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00013a055https://doi.org/10.1021/om00013a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-lived states of methylene protons in achiral molecules (2022)

In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the lifetimes of long-lived states (LLSs) are exquisitely sensitive to their environment. However, the number of molecules where such states can be excited has hitherto been rather limited. Here, it is shown that LLSs can be readily excited in many common molecules that contain two or more neighboring CH<sub>2</sub> groups. Accessing such LLSs does not require any isotopic enrichment, nor does it require any stereogenic centers to lift the chemical equivalence of CH<sub>2</sub> protons. LLSs were excited in a variety of metabolites, neurotransmitters, vitamins, amino acids, and other molecules. One can excite LLSs in several different molecules simultaneously. In combination with magnetic resonance imaging, LLSs can reveal a contrast upon noncovalent binding of ligands to macromolecules. This suggests new perspectives to achieve high-throughput parallel drug screening by NMR.
Dual-functional Polymeric Waveguide with Optical Amplification and Electro-optic Modulation (1998)

Dichromated gelatin (DCG) has been used widely as a volume hologram emulsion for many years. A myriad of optical elements has been demonstrated using this polymeric material. 1 - 6 In order to realize a monolithically-integrated polymer-based optical circuit, active devices such as waveguide modulators, switches, amplifiers, and lasers are needed. In this paper we report a dual-functional polymeric waveguide using the same host polymeric material for dichromated gelatin, aimed at providing not only holographic optical elements but also amplification and electro-optic (EO) switching. The host material photo-lime gelatin is co-doped with neodymium chloride hexahydrate (NdCl 3 ·6H 2 O) and chlorophenol red (C 19 H 12 Cl 2 O 5 S). Neodymium chloride hexahydrate is doped to provide Nd +3 ions for optical amplification, and chlorophenol red to provide electro-optic modulation.
Immunohistochemical Detection of the Membrane and Fluid‐phase Terminal Complement Complexes C5b‐9(m) and SC5b‐9 (1987)

Activation of the terminal pathway of complement on a membrane results in the generation of the membrane-damaging terminal C5b-9(m) complement complex, whereas the non-lytic water-soluble SC5b-9 complex is formed when complement is activated in the fluid phase. Both forms of the terminal complement complex (TCC) can be immunohistochemically detected, but not distinguished, by antibodies recognizing neoantigens in the complexes. By means of monoclonal antibodies against C9 neoantigens and against the S-protein, it was demonstrated that deposits of the TCC in tissue sections may be either in the form of C5b-9(m) or SC5b-9. The consequences of this for the interpretation of the histochemical data and the terminology of the two complexes are discussed.