gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glass Ceramic Seal for Electrochemical Devices (2013)

Glass-ceramic seals play an important role in the performance of electrochemical devices like solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), high temperature electrolysis (HTE) and ceramic membrane reactors. In addition to gas tightness and electrical resistivity, a seal material must have a set of thermo-mechanical and chemical properties in order to efficiently seal the SOFC cell components and to maintain performance at elevated temperature over extended operating time. The seal must be stable in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres and withstand thermal cycles between room and the cell typical operating temperature (800 to 900°C). Chemical reaction with the SOFC components should be minimal so as to keep integrity of the seal/cell-interface and prevent degradation in seal reliability over time. In this work, the glass-ceramic seal is discussed for which optimal sintering/crystallization behaviors and thermal stability have been demonstrated. The investigation of the sealant was performed from the point of view of sealing ability and crystallization behavior using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The evolution of the seal Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) has been followed by dilatometric analysis, crystalline phase evolution has been investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the chemical interaction between sealant and cell components has been evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA).
Method for Recovering Quantitative Broadband Diffuse Optical Spectra from Layered Media (2006)

The recovery of broadband diffuse optical spectra of both layers in a two-layer phantom is reported for the first time. The recovery uses a diffusion equation solution with relative multi-distance broadband diffuse optical reflectance measurements.
Non-invasive vascular elastography based on a new 2-D strain estimator : simulation and in vitro results (2005)

Previous studies showed that knowledge about the composition of diseased arteries can improve diagnostic decision making. Accordingly, stiffness of the vascular wall and size ratio between structures composing it were proven to be useful to characterize pathology evolution. In order to make it as a routine clinical exam, the non-invasive vascular ultrasound elastography method (NIVE) was recently developed. With NIVE, the blood pressure induces radial strain in the vessel wall that is tracked by ultrasound means. In the current study, displacement fields were computed with a new 2D pixel-based estimator that uses pre-and post-motion radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound images. Linear affine transformations considering pixel intensity variations were used in this method. To better interpret the 2D strain distributions, Von Mises elastograms were computed. The robustness of the method was investigated with simulations of RF signals obtained from a homogeneous tissue contaminated with decorrelation noise, and from simulations of healthy and pathological vessel geometries. In addition, in vitro experiments were conducted on vascular phantoms to validate the method. Results show a good agreement between theory and estimated data. The experimental study allowed us to identify different tissue structures with specific strain distributions around the vessel lumen. These results proved the potential of our estimator to compute elastograms of pathological vessels.
Evaluation of OpenFlow load balancing for navy (2015)

Load balancing is critical in complex naval networks to provide reliable performance by ensuring the system is not over-loaded and by high resource utilization. Load balancing guarantees the stability of a naval ship tactical network in a distributed environment. Tactical networks are highly dynamic due to mission requirements, policies, or environment condition. There is never enough bandwidth for data-intensive military operations. Additional challenges of tactical environments are limited bandwidth, and intermittent connectivity caused by battle space condition. In this paper, we present our approach to create a benchmark to evaluate load balancing with OpenFlow protocol of SDN technology for a Navy scenario. Our results show that SDN technology offers agility and flexibility to configure, and manage the network.
Cluster Analysis of Gene Expression Data (2002)

The expression levels of many thousands of genes can be measured simultaneously by DNA microarrays (chips). This novel experimental tool has revolutionized research in molecular biology and generated considerable excitement. A typical experiment uses a few tens of such chips, each dedicated to a single sample - such as tissue extracted from a particular tumor. The results of such an experiment contain several hundred thousand numbers, that come in the form of a table, of several thousand rows (one for each gene) and 50 - 100 columns (one for each sample). We developed a clustering methodology to mine such data. In this review I provide a very basic introduction to the subject, aimed at a physics audience with no prior knowledge of either gene expression or clustering methods. I explain what genes are, what is gene expression and how it is measured by DNA chips. Next I explain what is meant by "clustering" and how we analyze the massive amounts of data from such experiments, and present results obtained from analysis of data obtained from colon cancer, brain tumors and breast cancer.
Direct Laser Interference Patterning of CoCr Alloy Surfaces to Control Endothelial Cell and Platelet Response for Cardiovascular Applications (2017)

The main drawbacks of cardiovascular bare-metal stents (BMS) are in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis as a result of an incomplete endothelialization after stent implantation. Nano- and microscale modification of implant surfaces is a strategy to recover the functionality of the artery by stimulating and guiding molecular and biological processes at the implant/tissue interface. In this study, cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy surfaces are modified via direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) in order to create linear patterning onto CoCr surfaces with different periodicities (≈3, 10, 20, and 32 µm) and depths (≈20 and 800 nm). Changes in surface topography, chemistry, and wettability are thoroughly characterized before and after modification. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells' adhesion and spreading are similar for all patterned and plain CoCr surfaces. Moreover, high-depth series induce cell elongation, alignment, and migration along the patterned lines. Platelet adhesion and aggregation decrease in all patterned surfaces compared to CoCr control, which is associated with changes in wettability and oxide layer characteristics. Cellular studies provide evidence of the potential of DLIP topographies to foster endothelialization without enhancement of platelet adhesion, which will be of high importance when designing new BMS in the future.
Industry Payments to Physician Specialists Who Prescribe Repository Corticotropin (2018)

In this study, most nephrologists, neurologists, and rheumatologists who frequently prescribe corticotropin received corticotropin-related payments from Mallinckrodt. These findings suggest that financial conflicts of interest may be driving use of corticotropin in the Medicare program.
Chloroplast NADH Dehydrogenase from Pisum sativum: Characterization of its Activity and Cloning of ndhK Gene (1999)

The pea chloroplast ndhK gene coding for a component of a NADH-plastoquinone oxidoreductase has been cloned and sequenced. This gene codes for a polypeptide of 227 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 25,495 Da which belongs to the family of the 20 kDa PSST subunit of the bovine mitochondrial complex I. A fragment of this gene has been overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and antibodies against the expressed polypeptide recognize a protein of the predicted molecular mass from pea thylakoid membranes. This polypeptide is a component of a protein complex with NADH dehydrogenase activity and is not associated with ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase.
Overall Effectiveness for a Film Cooled Turbine Blade Leading Edge With Varying Hole Pitch (2013)

Overall effectiveness, φ, for a simulated turbine blade leading edge was experimentally measured using a model constructed with a relatively high conductivity material selected so that the Biot number of the model matched engine conditions. The model incorporated three rows of cylindrical holes with the center row positioned on the stagnation line. Internally the model used an impingement cooling configuration. Overall effectiveness was measured for pitch variation from 7.6d to 11.6d for blowing ratios ranging from 0.5 to 3.0, and angle of attack from −7.7 deg to + 7.7 deg. Performance was evaluated for operation with a constant overall mass flow rate of coolant. Consequently when increasing the pitch, the blowing ratio was increased proportionally. The increased blowing ratio resulted in increased impingement cooling internally and increased convective cooling through the holes. The increased internal and convective cooling compensated, to a degree, for the decreased coolant coverage with increased pitch. Performance was evaluated in terms of laterally averaged φ, but also in terms of the minimum φ. The minimum φ evaluation revealed localized hot spots which are arguably more critical to turbine blade durability than the laterally averaged results. For small increases in pitch (from p/d = 7.6 to 9.6) there was only a small decrease in performance, but at p/d = 11.6 a significant reduction was observed.
Antimitogenic and mitogenic actions of interleukin-1 in diverse cell types are associated with induction of gro gene expression (1991)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an antiproliferative factor for growing human melanoma A375-C6 cells. To define the molecular basis for the action of IL-1, we set out to identify early genes induced by the cytokine in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. cDNA libraries were constructed from A375-C6 cells that were exposed or unexposed to IL-1 plus cycloheximide. Subtractive hybridization was used to prepare a library that was enriched for IL-1-induced clones. Two of these clones were shown by Northern analysis to represent IL-1-inducible genes. Nucleotide sequencing identified these genes as gro/melanoma growth stimulatory activity, which encodes a cell secretory product, and c-jun, which encodes a transcription factor. IL-1 caused persistent steady state elevation of gro mRNA but only transient induction of c-jun. Northern analysis using gene probes for the transcription factors c-fos and Egr-1 revealed that IL-1 induced c-fos but not Egr-1 expression in these cells. This indicates that differential early gene expression characterizes the growth-inhibitory action of IL-1. In contrast, serum, which is mitogenic for these cells, induces c-jun, c-fos, and Egr-1, but not gro expression. These data imply that in A375-C6 cells, both growth-inhibitory and stimulatory signals can channel their action through c-fos and c-jun genes. As gro induction was specifically associated with the antimitogenic action of IL-1, we studied the effect of the cytokine on gro gene expression in other types of cells. IL-1 was mitogenic for human glioblastoma and monkey kidney epithelial cells and induced gro whereas other mitogens did not. Thus, IL-1 can induce gro gene expression in diverse cell types, whether it acts to stimulate or inhibit proliferation. Like other cytokines gro may play diverse cell-specific roles in growth control.
Characterization of the Double Perovskite Ba2BixSc0.2Co1.8–xO6−δ (x = 0.1, 0.2) (2012)

The Ba2BixSc0.2Co1.8–xO6−δ (x = 0.1 or 0.2) cubic perovskites are confirmed to be mixed-valent Co3+/Co2+ oxides that, as mixed oxide-ion and electronic conductors, are superior cathode materials for an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell catalyzing the oxygen-reduction reaction. Neutron powder diffraction for x = 0.2 was used to confirm also that these compounds have the double-perovskite structure Ba2BB′O6−δ at room temperature with B = Co, B′ = Bi0.2Sc0.2Co0.6, δ ≈ 1.3, and a B–O bond length a little longer than the mean B′–O bond length. These data indicate that the room-temperature x = 0.2 phase is Ba2Co2+B′O4.7 with B′ = (Bi5+)0.2(Sc3+)0.2(Co3+)0.6. The presence of Bi5+ was confirmed by comparing the Bi4f core-level X-ray photoelectron spectrum of the x = 0.2 sample with that of BaBiO3. BaCoO3 crystallizes in the 2H hexagonal polytype as a result of t ≡ (A–O)/[√2(B–O)] > 1, where A–O and B–O are the equilibrium bond lengths of an ABO3 perovskite. Substitution of Bi and Sc for Co as well as the incorporation of oxygen vacancies increases the mean B–O bond length to reduce t > 1 to where cubic stacking of close-packed BaO3 planes is energetically favored over hexagonal stacking that introduces large B-cation Coulombic repulsions across a shared octahedral-site face. Cooperative oxygen displacements that create larger B–O than B′–O mean bond length are characteristic of oxide ions in a cubic perovskite with geometric tolerance factor t > 1 as illustrated by ferroelectric BaTiO3. Disordering of the double-perovskite oxide-ion displacements occurs over the range 350–400 °C; long-range, frustrated magnetic order occurs below a Tc ≈ 35 K. X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements show the absence of low-spin Co3+ at room temperature, and the rate-limiting step of the oxygen-reduction reaction on these oxides acting as cathodes of a solid oxide fuel cell is shown to be electron transfer from the oxide to an adsorbed O2, which we conjecture occurs at surface intermediate-spin Co3+ ions.
Second-Line Tisagenlecleucel or Standard Care in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma (2021)

Tisagenlecleucel was not superior to standard salvage therapy in this trial. Additional studies are needed to assess which patients may obtain the most benefit from each approach. (Funded by Novartis; BELINDA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03570892.).
Non-Markovian Globally Consistent Multi-object Tracking (2017)

Many state-of-the-art approaches to multi-object tracking rely on detecting them in each frame independently, grouping detections into short but reliable trajectory segments, and then further grouping them into full trajectories. This grouping typically relies on imposing local smoothness constraints but almost never on enforcing more global ones on the trajectories. In this paper, we propose a non-Markovian approach to imposing global consistency by using behavioral patterns to guide the tracking algorithm. When used in conjunction with state-of-the-art tracking algorithms, this further increases their already good performance on multiple challenging datasets. We show significant improvements both in supervised settings where ground truth is available and behavioral patterns can be learned from it, and in completely unsupervised settings.
On the dimension of matrix representations of finitely generated torsion free nilpotent groups (2013)

It is well known that any polycyclic group, and hence any finitely generated nilpotent group, can be embedded into $GL_{n}(\mathbb{Z})$ for an appropriate $n\in \mathbb{N}$; that is, each element in the group has a unique matrix representation. An algorithm to determine this embedding was presented in Nickel. In this paper, we determine the complexity of the crux of the algorithm and the dimension of the matrices produced as well as provide a modification of the algorithm presented by Nickel.
Plasmonic Monopole Antenna Arrays for Biosensing, Spectroscopy and nm-Precision Optical Trapping (2011)

We propose surface plasmon polariton driven plasmonic monopole antenna array system for biosensing, nanospectroscopy and optical trapping. The structure exhibits high refractive index sensitivities, nearfield resolution and optical gradient force.
Nanopore-Based Assay for Detection of Methylation in Double-Stranded DNA Fragments (2015)

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of DNA in which methyl groups are added at the 5-carbon position of cytosine. Aberrant DNA methylation, which has been associated with carcinogenesis, can be assessed in various biological fluids and potentially can be used as markers for detection of cancer. Analytically sensitive and specific assays for methylation targeting low-abundance and fragmented DNA are needed for optimal clinical diagnosis and prognosis. We present a nanopore-based direct methylation detection assay that circumvents bisulfite conversion and polymerase chain reaction amplification. Building on our prior work, we used methyl-binding proteins (MBPs), which selectively label the methylated DNA. The nanopore-based assay selectively detects methylated DNA/MBP complexes through a 19 nm nanopore with significantly deeper and prolonged nanopore ionic current blocking, while unmethylated DNA molecules were not detectable due to their smaller diameter. Discrimination of hypermethylated and unmethylated DNA on 90, 60, and 30 bp DNA fragments was demonstrated using sub-10 nm nanopores. Hypermethylated DNA fragments fully bound with MBPs are differentiated from unmethylated DNA at 2.1- to 6.5-fold current blockades and 4.5- to 23.3-fold transport durations. Furthermore, these nanopore assays can detect the CpG dyad in DNA fragments and could someday profile the position of methylated CpG sites on DNA fragments.
Iteration-Aware LDPC Code Design for Low-Power Optical Communications (2015)

Recent low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have shown capacity-approaching performance for various communications systems. However, their promising performance cannot always be obtained due to practical constraints, such as finite codeword length, finite iteration, finite memory, and finite precision. In this paper, we focus on a practical design method of high-performance LDPC codes under a constraint of finite-iteration decoding for low-power optical communications. We introduce an iteration-aware LDPC code design approach, which is based on decoding trajectory in extrinsic information transfer chart analysis. It is demonstrated that an LDPC code designed by the conventional curve-fitting method exhibits nearly 2 dB of penalty, when the maximum number of iterations is limited. The results suggest that the LDPC code should be adaptively changed, e.g., when the number of decoding iterations is decreased to save power consumption. We also extend our design method to a multi-objective optimization concept by taking average degrees into account, so that the threshold and the computational complexity are minimized at the same time. The proposed Pareto-optimal codes can achieve additional 2-dB gain or 50% complexity reduction at maximum, in low-power decoding scenarios.
False-negative biopsy urease test in bleeding ulcers caused by the buffering effects of blood (1998)

Blood adversely affects the performance of the BUT. This is mediated by the buffering effect of serum albumin on the pH indicator, rather than by a direct inhibition on the urease activity.
Drug delivery systems for prolonged duration local anesthesia (2016)

Numerous drug delivery systems have been applied to the problem of providing prolonged duration local anesthesia (PDLA). Here we review the rationale for PDLA, the desirable features for and important attributes of such systems, and specific examples that have been developed.
Instrumentation and Laboratory Measurements (2020)

The acquisition of accurate resistivity and induced polarization (IP) measurements requires dedicated laboratory and field-scale instrumentation. Although resistivity measurements are relatively straightforward, IP measurements require sensitive instrumentation and procedures that minimize errors resulting from the sample holder design in the laboratory and from the cables and electrodes in the field. We discuss the basic principles of a laboratory resistivity measurement and then describe the implementation of resistivity measurements at the field-scale, focusing on modern resistivity imaging systems designed to rapidly acquire thousands of measurements on distributed arrays or grids of electrodes. Specific characteristics of the transmitting and receiving electronics, electrodes and cabling are discussed. We address the additional factors that must be considered in the acquisition of meaningful IP measurements. In laboratory measurements, we focus on the critical issue of sample holder design and in the field we focus on strategies to reduce coupling effects between the wiring and the ground. The different ways to quantify the IP effect, commonly termed ‘time domain’ and ‘frequency domain’ measurements, are introduced and derivatives discussed. We also establish the link between the different measures of the IP effect provided by the instrumentation and the intrinsic electrical properties described in Chapter 2.
GaN-on-diamond: Robust mechanical and thermal properties (2016)

Achieving robust mechanical and thermal properties in GaN-on-diamond is critically important for reliable next-generation high-power electronics based on this material system. The work described here demonstrates that excellent stress management and interfacial strength has been achieved, as well as homogeneous interfacial thermal properties across the wafer for the latest GaN-on-diamond technology.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons as a model for Williams-Beuren syndrome (2015)

Our findings provide insight into gene dysregulation and electrophysiological defects in WBS patient neurons.
Assessing the Effects of Orientation and Device on (Constrained) 3D Movement Techniques (2008)

We present two studies to assess which physical factors influence 3D object movement tasks with various input devices. Since past research has shown that a mouse with suitable mapping techniques can serve as a good input device for some 3D object movement tasks, we also evaluate which characteristics of the mouse sustain its success. Our first study evaluates the effect of a supporting surface across orientation of input device movement and display orientation. A 3D tracking device was used in all conditions for consistency. The results of this study are inconclusive; no significant differences were found between the factors examined. The results of a second study show that the mouse outperforms the tracker for speed in all instances. The presence of support also improved accuracy when tracker movement is limited to 2D operation. A 3DOF movement mode performed worst overall.
Growth behavior and thermal stability of epitaxial CoSi2 layer from cobalt–carbon films on (100) Si substrate (1999)

A uniform epitaxial CoSi2 layer was grown on (100) Si substrate by rapid thermal annealing at 800 °C in N2 ambient without capping layers from an amorphous cobalt-carbon film. The amorphous cobalt-carbon film was deposited on Si substrate by the pyrolysis of cyclopentadienyl dicarbonyl cobalt, Co(η5–C5H5)(CO)2, at 350 °C. The discrete epitaxial CoSi2 layers with {111} and (100) faceted interfaces were formed on (100) Si substrate at the initial stage of reaction between Co and Si. Annealing at elevated temperatures lowered the roughness of the CoSi2/Si interface. The leakage current measured on the junction, fabricated with the epitaxial CoSi2 layer and annealed at 1000 °C for 30 s, was as low as that of the as-fabricated junction without silicide. The result indicates that epitaxial (100) CoSi2 is thermally stable at temperatures even above 1000 °C and has potential application to the salicide process in subhalf micron devices.