gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
cis-4-[18F]fluoro-L-proline Molecular Imaging Experimental Liver Fibrosis (2020)

<b>Introduction:</b> Early-stage liver fibrosis is potentially reversible, but difficult to diagnose. Clinical management would be enhanced by the development of a non-invasive imaging technique able to identify hepatic injury early, before end-stage fibrosis ensues. The analog of the amino acid proline, <i>cis</i>-4-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-L-proline ([<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-proline), which targets collagenogenesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSC), was used to detect fibrosis. <b>Methods:</b> Acute steatohepatitis was induced in experimental animals by liquid ethanol diet for 8 weeks, intra-gastric binge feedings every 10th day along with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The control animals received control diet for 8 weeks and an equivalent volume of saline on the same schedule as the acute steatohepatitis model. First, <i>in vitro</i> cellular experiments were carried out to assess [<sup>3</sup>H]proline uptake by HSC, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells derived from rats with acute steatohepatitis (<i>n</i> = 14) and controls (<i>n</i> = 14). Next, <i>ex vivo</i> liver experiments were done to investigate unlabeled proline-mediated collagen synthesis and its associated proline transporter expression in acute steatohepatitis (<i>n</i> = 5) and controls (<i>n</i> = 5). Last, <i>in vivo</i> dynamic and static [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-proline micro-PET/CT imaging was performed in animal models of acute steatohepatitis (n = 7) and control (n = 7) mice. <b>Results:</b> [<sup>3</sup>H]proline uptake was 5-fold higher in the HSCs of steatohepatitis rats than controls after incubation of up to 60 min. There was an excellent correlation between [<sup>3</sup>H]proline uptake and liver collagen expression (<i>r</i>-value > 0.90, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Subsequent liver tissue studies demonstrated 2-3-fold higher proline transporter expression in acute steatohepatitis animals than in controls, and proline-related collagen synthesis was blocked by this transporter inhibitor. <i>In vivo</i> micro-PET/CT studies with [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-proline showed 2-3-fold higher uptake in the livers of acute steatohepatitis mice than in controls. There was an excellent correlation between [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-proline uptake and liver collagen expression in the livers of acute steatohepatitis mice (<i>r</i>-value = 0.97, <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-proline localizes in the liver and correlates with collagenogenesis in acute steatohepatitis with a signal intensity that is sufficiently high to allow imaging with micro-PET/CT. Thus, [<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-proline could serve as a PET imaging biomarker for detecting early-stage liver fibrosis.
An automatic Structure-Aware image extrapolation applied to error concealment (2009)

A novel framework for spatially estimating unknown image data is presented. Common applications include inpainting, concealment of transmission errors, prediction in video coding, etc. Firstly, a segmentation of the spatial neighborhood of the area to be estimated is performed and a plausible set of segments that cross the unknown area is identified. Then, a reconstruction algorithm is developed by combining sparse modeling and patch-based synthesis. The improved extrapolation capabilities of the presented approach is shown for variety of image characteristics and the robustness of the algorithm is illustrated for large unknown blocks, which are becoming especially important for future video coding standards in order to efficiently code high resolution content.
Development of a Swirl and Bluff-Body Stabilized Burner for Low-NOx, Lean-Premixed Combustion (1995)

A burner configuration utilizing both swirl and bluff-body stabilization was developed and tested for dry low-NOx combustion of natural gas fuel. A multiple number of these burners can be used to make up a can combustor. The burner consisted of a central hub supporting an axial swirler and spoke-type fuel injectors mounted coaxially within a 100 mm diameter cylindrical tube. The swirl typically provided strong recirculation and mixing, while the flame was anchored physically to the center hub. Tests were conducted at typical heavy-duty gas turbine conditions of 620 K inlet temperature and 10 atmospheres pressure. Parametric studies were conducted with various configurations of the burner to determine the corresponding effects on fuel-air mixing, flame stability, and NOx and CO emissions. The results show that ultra-low NOx emissions can be obtained if the fuel injection is sufficiently well distributed. The compact flame produced by the highly mixed swirling flow results in very low CO emissions as well. The results suggest also that swirl-strength is reduced in an upstream swirler configuration.
Spatially resolved lifetime measurements of silicon heterojunctions from the modulated photoluminescence technique (2011)

Abstract Lifetime measurements are widely used both in research and industry as material and passivation quality characterization tools for silicon solar cells. Some of them combine spatial resolution together with mapping ability, which provides attractive and valuable images that lead for instance to a quick determination of poor regions of a sample. Here, we focus on microwave photoconductance decay (µ‐PCD) and band‐to‐band photoluminescence (PL) measurements performed either in static or in modulated mode. Results are obtained on n‐type crystalline silicon wafers passivated with intrinsic and doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin layers deposited on both faces by PECVD. In a first step we compare the static PL signal mapping and the µ‐PCD lifetime mapping. In a second step, the static PL signal is correlated to the effective carrier lifetime deduced from modulated PL measurements. This allows us to transform the static PL signal into an effective carrier lifetime, and thus to provide a PL carrier lifetime mapping that can be directly compared to that obtained from µ‐PCD. The lifetime mappings obtained in this way from both techniques are discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Methods for synthesizing alane without the formation of adducts and free of halides (2023)

A process is provided to synthesize an alane without the formation of alane adducts as a precursor. The resulting product is a crystallized .alpha.-alane and is a highly stable product and is free of halides.
Optimized Adaptive Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Photovoltaic Generation (2015)

The power extracted from PV arrays is usually maximized using maximum power point tracking algorithms. One of the most widely used techniques is the perturb &amp; observe algorithm, which periodically perturbs the operating point of the PV array, sometime with an adaptive perturbation step, and compares the PV power before and after the perturbation. This paper analyses the most suitable perturbation step to optimize maximum power point tracking performance and suggests a design criterion to select the parameters of the controller. Using this proposed adaptive step, the MPPT perturb &amp; observe algorithm achieves an excellent dynamic response by adapting the perturbation step to the actual operating conditions of the PV array. The proposed algorithm has been validated and tested in a laboratory using a dual input inductor push-pull converter. This particular converter topology is an efficient interface to boost the low voltage of PV arrays and effectively control the power flow when input or output voltages are variable. The experimental results have proved the superiority of the proposed algorithm in comparison of traditional perturb &amp; observe and incremental conductance techniques.
Emerging Research in Mobile Visualization (2015)

Data visualization has become an inherent part of our daily lives - whether it is viewing the latest weather on a map, or the current company stock price. As people shift to mobiles as their primary source of information, we are faced with exploring new visuals and interfaces that are optimized for small screens and constrained input modalities.
Photon iso-effective dose for cancer treatment with mixed field radiation based on dose–response assessment from human and an animal model: clinical application to boron neutron capture therapy for head and neck cancer (2017)

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a treatment modality that combines different radiation qualities. Since the severity of biological damage following irradiation depends on the radiation type, a quantity different from absorbed dose is required to explain the effects observed in the clinical BNCT in terms of outcome compared with conventional photon radiation therapy. A new approach for calculating photon iso-effective doses in BNCT was introduced previously. The present work extends this model to include information from dose-response assessments in animal models and humans. Parameters of the model were determined for tumour and precancerous tissue using dose-response curves obtained from BNCT and photon studies performed in the hamster cheek pouch in vivo models of oral cancer and/or pre-cancer, and from head and neck cancer radiotherapy data with photons. To this end, suitable expressions of the dose-limiting Normal Tissue Complication and Tumour Control Probabilities for the reference radiation and for the mixed field BNCT radiation were developed. Pearson's correlation coefficients and p-values showed that TCP and NTCP models agreed with experimental data (with r &gt; 0.87 and p-values &gt;0.57). The photon iso-effective dose model was applied retrospectively to evaluate the dosimetry in tumours and mucosa for head and neck cancer patients treated with BNCT in Finland. Photon iso-effective doses in tumour were lower than those obtained with the standard RBE-weighted model (between 10% to 45%). The results also suggested that the probabilities of tumour control derived from photon iso-effective doses are more adequate to explain the clinical responses than those obtained with the RBE-weighted values. The dosimetry in the mucosa revealed that the photon iso-effective doses were about 30% to 50% higher than the corresponding RBE-weighted values. While the RBE-weighted doses are unable to predict mucosa toxicity, predictions based on the proposed model are compatible with the observed clinical outcome. The extension of the photon iso-effective dose model has allowed, for the first time, the determination of the photon iso-effective dose for unacceptable complications in the dose-limiting normal tissue. Finally, the formalism developed in this work to compute photon-equivalent doses can be applied to other therapies that combine mixed radiation fields, such as hadron therapy.
Rapid Regression of Uterine Leiomyomas in Response to Daily Administration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist (1994)

Kettel, L Michael; Murphy, Ana A.; Morales, Arlene J.; Rivier, Jean; Vale, Wylie; Yen, Samuel S. C. Author Information
Potential-Based Modeling of Depletion-Mode MOSFET Applicable for Structural Variations (2018)

The additional implanted channel-dopant layer of depletion-mode (DM) MOSFETs induces, at the same time, two main currents, namely, an accumulation current at the channel surface and a neutral-region current flowing deep in the implanted buried layer. In particular, the neutral-region current causes the normally-on condition of DM MOSFETs. These two currents dominate drain-source current alternatively depending on the bias conditions. To model the measured features of a DM MOSFET, a compact model is developed by considering also the complete vertical potential distribution from the surface to the bottom of the additional implanted channel-dopant layer. The potential distribution is self-consistently obtained by solving the Poisson equation. It is further demonstrated that a major development task is the correct coupling between V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bs</sub> contributions, which is needed to describe the specific features of the DM MOSFET accurately.
Numerical and experimental characterization of thread type magnetic core with low eddy current loss (2015)

Iron loss effect is one of the significant points that must be taken into account when engineers design electric machines. Iron loss is dependent on the material characteristics such as conductivity, permeability, and hysteresis loop. To reduce the iron loss, ferromagnetic material is mixed with impurities and it is laminated to be electrical steel sheets. However, new magnetic materials with higher efficiency and higher performance are still being developed. The magnetic materials such as permalloy and nano-crystalline alloy powder are good examples [1]-[3].
Epitaxial film bonding technology for integrating dissimilar device materials (2007)

We have developed &#x201C;epitaxial-film-bonding (EFB)&#x201D; technology for integrating light emitting diodes (LEDs) and integrated circuit (IC) drivers. This study is focused on testing the EFB technology to fabricate two-dimensional thin film LED arrays on substrates of various materials. Transferring the thin film LED device structure that were formed on the GaAs substrates to the other substrates was tested. All the thin film LED arrays tested in this study show good performance. The EFB technology will provide new &#x201C;Digital Fabrication&#x201D; process for integrating dissimilar materials.
Enzyme-Mediated Two-Dimensional Polymerization of Aromatic Derivatives on a Langmuir Trough (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzyme-Mediated Two-Dimensional Polymerization of Aromatic Derivatives on a Langmuir TroughFerdinando F. Bruno, Joseph A. Akkara, David L. Kaplan, P. Sekher, Kenneth A. Marx, and Sukant K. TripathyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 11, 4009–4015Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00038a042Request reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (653 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Collaborative 5G Research within the EU Framework of Funded Research (2016)

This chapter provides insights into the EU framework of collaborative funded research. The European Union has a history of coordinating research programs with the aim of fostering innovation in Europe. After a brief look into this history, the following sections describe the EU bodies involved, and the way research projects are selected and operated. The current program and its importance for 5G is described and the introduction of public private partnerships is explained. Finally other frameworks for EU research are described.
Evanescent field phase shifting in a silicon nitride waveguide using a coupled silicon slab (2015)

An approach for electrical modulation of low-loss silicon nitride waveguides is proposed, using a silicon nitride waveguide evanescently loaded with a thin silicon slab. The thermooptic phase-shift characteristics are investigated in a racetrack resonator configuration.
Molecular Dynamics on the Contact Line Behavior at a Nanoscale Step (2011)

Microscopic contact angle at a contact line traveling over each backward-facing step with heights of 0.3-1.2 nm was investigated with molecular dynamics (MD). The simulations were performed for a Couette-flow-like geometry which is composed of an upper flat plate and a lower plate with a step. Two kinds of immiscible liquids between the plates were sheared by the lower plate moving with a velocity of 1 m/s. When the contact line reaches the backward-facing step, it tends to be strongly captured (pinned) at the top edge of the step. The minimum contact angle of the receding fluid, which was observed at the moment of the depinning of the contact line, is decreased with the increment in the step height. In order to elucidate the mechanism relating the minimum contact angle to the step height, a description on the stress balance along the step surface was derived under the assumption of the static condition. It has been found that the static contact angle is decreased by the stress on the vertical surface of the step, the stress which associates with the anisotropic pressure in the liquid-liquid interface region. In addition, such decrement in the contact angle is enhanced by the increase in the step height through the intensification of the total shear stress over the vertical surface of the step.
Free Form Fabrication Beginners Workshop (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Free form fabrication, or rapid prototyping as it is commonly known, is the creation of a physical entity, directly from numerical description, using an additive process.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The mathematical data used is typically in the form of a 3D CAD file, but it may also be obtained from a reverse engineering process.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a review of three of the leading FFF (free form fabrication) systems which are commercially available. Time constraints will allow us to describe only three of these products. Although this does not do justice to a technology where there are more than 30 different systems in various stages of development, these examples represent the vast majority of machines which are in the marketplace today.&lt;/div&gt;
Zero-Shot Learning for Semantic Utterance Classification (2013)

We propose a novel zero-shot learning method for semantic utterance classification (SUC). It learns a classifier $f: X \to Y$ for problems where none of the semantic categories $Y$ are present in the training set. The framework uncovers the link between categories and utterances using a semantic space. We show that this semantic space can be learned by deep neural networks trained on large amounts of search engine query log data. More precisely, we propose a novel method that can learn discriminative semantic features without supervision. It uses the zero-shot learning framework to guide the learning of the semantic features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the zero-shot semantic learning algorithm on the SUC dataset collected by (Tur, 2012). Furthermore, we achieve state-of-the-art results by combining the semantic features with a supervised method.
Defective by design: vanadium-substituted iron oxide nanoarchitectures as cation-insertion hosts for electrochemical charge storage (2015)

Defective VFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>x</sub> aerogels are synthesized to maximize cation vacancies that increase Li<sup>+</sup>- and Na<sup>+</sup>-insertion capacity.
Studies on Sperm Capacitation (III) (1973)

ウサギ精子のmodified KRB buffer 中でのin vitro capacitation 誘発の可能性について検討した結果, 12時間incubationで14%, 18時間で27%の受精率を得capacitationの成立を認めた.またモルモット精子においてもacrosome reaction%は経時的に変動し12時間incubation精子で75%の受精率を得た.これらの事実はchemical defined medium中におけるin vitro capacitation の発現を示唆するものである.
Robots get a grip (2014)

The human hand is one of nature’s marvels—and a stupendous challenge to engineers who would replicate it. It’s an intricate assemblage with 29 flexible joints and thousands of specialized nerve endings, overseen by a control system so sensitive that it can instantly indicate how hot an object is, how smooth its surface is, and even how firmly it should be grasped.
The metacaspase Yca1 maintains proteostasis through multiple interactions with the ubiquitin system (2019)

Metacaspase enzymes are critical regulatory factors that paradoxically engage apoptosis and also maintain cell viability. For example, the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> metacaspase Yca1 has been shown to be important for maintaining cellular proteostasis during stress, and the loss of this enzyme results in increased retention of aggregated material within the insoluble proteome. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which Yca1 maintains cellular proteostasis remains unknown. Here, using proteomic analysis coupled with protein interaction studies we identified a direct interplay between Yca1 and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We noted multiple ubiquitination sites on Yca1 and established Rsp5 as the candidate E3 ligase involved in this process. Further characterization of the ubiquitination sites identified the K355 residue on Yca1 as a critical modification for proteostasis function, managing both insoluble protein content and vacuolar response. We also identified a Yca1 phosphorylation site at S346, which promoted interaction with Rsp5 and the aggregate dispersal function of the metacaspase. Interestingly, proteomic analysis also revealed that Yca1 interacts with the ubiquitin precursor protein Rps31, cleaving the protein to release free ubiquitin. In turn, loss of Yca1 or its catalytic activity reduced the levels of monomeric ubiquitin in vivo, concurrent to increased protein aggregation. The K355 and S346 residues were also observed to influence the abundance of low-molecular weight ubiquitin. Together, these observations suggest that Yca1 maintains proteostasis and limits protein aggregation by ensuring a free flow of monoubiquitin, an essential precursor for ligase-enhanced Yca1 enzymatic activity and general proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
Efficiency-optimized flux trajectories for closed-cycle operation of field-orientation induction machine drives (1992)

A dynamic programming scheme that optimizes the efficiency of an induction machine drive operated in closed cycle and has both control and state constraints is developed. Application of rotor flux feedforward field orientation control for an induction machine reduces the system equations to contain only three state variables: rotor flux, velocity, and position. Maximum stator current and rotor velocity are set as constraints. Saturation effects are modeled to provide a state-dependent constraint on the rotor flux magnitude. Load is treated as a function of the rotor position, which is appropriate for many mechanical system applications. State trajectories of the system that optimize machine efficiency are found by dynamic programming. Flux trajectories for the optimal solution are found to vary significantly over the machine cycle. The validity of the energy optimization is investigated experimentally on a feedforward, field-oriented induction machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>