gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perfluoroalkyl-Functionalized Thiazole–Thiophene Oligomers as N-Channel Semiconductors in Organic Field-Effect and Light-Emitting Transistors (2014)

Despite their favorable electronic and structural properties, the synthetic development and incorporation of thiazole-based building blocks into n-type semiconductors has lagged behind that of other π-deficient building blocks. Since thiazole insertion into π-conjugated systems is synthetically more demanding, continuous research efforts are essential to underscore their properties in electron-transporting devices. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a new series of thiazole–thiophene tetra- (1 and 2) and hexa-heteroaryl (3 and 4) co-oligomers, varied by core extension and regiochemistry, which are end-functionalized with electron-withdrawing perfluorohexyl substituents. These new semiconductors are found to exhibit excellent n-channel OFET transport with electron mobilities (μe) as high as 1.30 cm2/(V·s) (Ion/Ioff > 106) for films of 2 deposited at room temperature. In contrary to previous studies, we show here that 2,2′-bithiazole can be a very practical building block for high-performance n-channel semiconductors. Additionally, upon 2,2′- and 5,5′-bithiazole insertion into a sexithiophene backbone of well-known DFH-6T, significant charge transport improvements (from 0.001–0.021 cm2/(V·s) to 0.20–0.70 cm2/(V·s)) were observed for 3 and 4. Analysis of the thin-film morphological and microstructural characteristics, in combination with the physicochemical properties, explains the observed high mobilities for the present semiconductors. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time implementation of a thiazole semiconductor (2) into a trilayer light-emitting transistor (OLET) enabling green light emission. Our results show that thiazole is a promising building block for efficient electron transport in π-conjugated semiconductor thin-films, and it should be studied more in future optoelectronic applications.
Lack of mature B cells in nude mice with X-linked immune deficiency. (1982)

Mice were bred that simultaneously expressed the mutations nude and x-linked immune deficiency (xid). These doubly deficient animals had less than 10% of normal serum immunoglobulin levels. Their spleen cells did not respond to thymus-independent antigens in vitro nor did they respond to lipopolysaccharide. There was a virtual absence of cells with surface mu, kappa, or lambda 1, as detected by fluorescence. Sections of lymphoid organs revealed an absence of primary B cell follicles. Taken together, these results indicate a lack of mature B cells in nude xid mice. The possibility is considered that mature B cells belong to two subpopulations representing two lineages, one controlled by alleles at the xid locus and the other by alleles at the nude locus.
4-axis electromagnetic microgripper (2003)

This paper describes a novel 4-axis microgripping system consisting of two fingers, each driven by a 2-axis moving coil actuator taken from a CD-lens assembly. These electromagnetic actuators are small, very linear, virtually frictionless and low cost. We measured the electrical actuator parameters and characterized the actuator performance in terms of displacement vs. current, force vs. current and resonant frequency. Experimental results indicate that the proposed microgripping system can be an attractive solution to the problem of micromanipulating small objects for precision manufacturing and biotechnology with high accuracy in a relatively large workspace.
Liddle’s Syndrome: Prospective Genetic Screening and Suppressed Aldosterone Secretion in an Extended Kindred* (1997)

Liddle's syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of hypertension that resembles primary hyperaldosteronism, is characterized by the early onset of hypertension with hypokalemia and suppression of both PRA and aldosterone, and is caused by mutations in the carboxyl-terminus of the beta- or gamma-subunits of the renal epithelial sodium channel. We describe a kindred (K176) whose distinguishing clinical features were mild hypertension and decreased aldosterone secretion. The index case was a 16-yr-old girl with intermittent mild hypertension and hypokalemia and subnormal PRA, aldosterone, 18-hydroxy-corticosterone, and deoxycortisol levels, but normal cortisol/cortisone metabolite ratio and cortisol half-life. A frameshift mutation in the carboxyl-terminus of the beta-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel was identified in the index case, establishing the diagnosis of Liddle's syndrome. Sixteen at-risk relatives of the index case were tested. Seven new subjects were heterozygous for the mutation found in the index case, and two deceased obligate carriers were identified. All genetically affected adult subjects had a history of mild hypertension, and four had a history of hypokalemia. Basal and postcosyntropin plasma aldosterone and urinary aldosterone levels were significantly suppressed in those positive for the mutation. The family demonstrates variability in the severity of hypertension and hypokalemia in this disease, raising the possibility that this disease may be underdiagnosed among patients with essential hypertension.
Fabrication of a high T<inf>c</inf> voltage-biased superconducting bolometer (2011)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a voltage-biased superconducting bolometer (VSB) in a cryogen-free 4 K cryostat for applications at far-infrared wavelengths. The VSB is made using standard microfabrication techniques. An optical NEP of 0.83 pW/√Hz has been measured with a T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ~7.12 K.
Comparison of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous 2LP-mode Multicore Fibers for High Spatial Multiplicity (2015)

We compare homogeneous and heterogeneous 2LP-mode multicore fibers (MCFs) and find that the heterogeneous MCF can improve a tradeoff relationship between low inter-core crosstalk and short cable cutoff wavelength, resulting in high spatial multiplicity.
CONDITIONALS AND SPEECH ACTS (1986)

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Using the translational potential energy of springs for prosthetic systems (2011)

A robotic tendon is modeled and the stiffness of the spring is tuned so that the spring power reduces the peak motor power and energy required for ankle gait. When determining stiffness from gait literature, it is usually assumed that one side of the spring is fixed. We assume that the spring is translating to derive a second method to calculate stiffness. By choosing a tuned spring based on a “dynamic stiffness”, the motor velocity was shown to be constant during the loading phase of ankle gait. We simulated this system and showed that energy was reduced and peak power was dramatically reduced. The constant velocity controller was implemented on a powered ankle foot orthosis and test data was correlated with the simulation.
Soft Ionization of Saturated Hydrocarbons, Alcohols and Nonpolar Compounds by Negative-Ion Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Large polarizable n-alkanes (approximately C18 and larger), alcohols, and other nonpolar compounds can be detected as negative ions when sample solutions are injected directly into the sampling orifice of the atmospheric pressure interface of the time-of-flight mass spectrometer with the direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source operating in negative-ion mode. The mass spectra are dominated by peaks corresponding to [M + O2]‾(•). No fragmentation is observed, making this a very soft ionization technique for samples that are otherwise difficult to analyze by DART. Detection limits for cholesterol were determined to be in the low nanogram range.
Differences in Onset Latency of Macaque Inferotemporal Neural Responses to Primate and Non-Primate Faces (2005)

Neurons in the visual system respond to different visual stimuli with different onset latencies. However, it has remained unknown which stimulus features, aside from stimulus contrast, determine the onset latencies of responses. To examine the possibility that response onset latencies carry information about complex object images, we recorded single-cell responses in the inferior temporal cortex of alert monkeys, while they viewed >1,000 object stimuli. Many cells responded to human and non-primate animal faces with comparable magnitudes but responded significantly more quickly to human faces than to non-primate animal faces. Differences in onset latency may be used to increase the coding capacity or enhance or suppress information about particular object groups by time-dependent modulation.
Switching-off toluene formation in the solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol using supported trimetallic Au–Pd–Pt nanoparticles (2013)

Trimetallic Au-Pd-Pt nanoparticles have been supported on activated carbon by the sol-immobilisation method. They are found to be highly active and selective catalysts for the solvent-free aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The addition of Pt promotes the selectivity to the desired product benzaldehyde at the expense of toluene formation. Detailed aberration corrected STEM-XEDS analysis confirmed that the supported particles are indeed Au-Pd-Pt ternary alloys, but also identified composition fluctuations from particle-to-particle which vary systematically with nanoparticle size.
Synthesis of p-Xylene from Ethylene (2012)

As oil supplies dwindle, there is a growing need to develop new routes to chemical intermediates that utilize alternative feedstocks. We report here a synthesis of para-xylene, one of the highest volume chemicals derived from petroleum, using only ethylene as a feedstock. Ethylene is an attractive alternative feedstock, as it can be derived from renewable biomass resources or harnessed from large domestic shale gas deposits. The synthesis relies on the conversion of hexene (from trimerization of ethylene) to 2,4-hexadiene followed by a Diels-Alder reaction with ethylene to form 3,6-dimethylcyclohexene. This monoene is readily dehydrogenated to para-xylene uncontaminated by the ortho and meta isomers. We report here a selective synthesis of para-xylene, uncontaminated by the ortho or meta isomers, using ethylene as the sole feedstock.
Abstract 429: The Failing Senescent Heart Contains a Pool of Functionally Competent Progenitor Cells (2007)

A critical question concerns whether myocardial aging affects uniformly all cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) or a subset of functionally competent CPCs persists in the senescent heart suggesting that these cells may be activated to form new contracting myocardium. CPCs isolated from the heart of rats at 3, 12, 16 and 24 months were found to express IGF-1-IGF-1R, HGF-c-Met and the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Although mRNA for angiotensinogen and AT1-receptors decreased in old CPCs, the quantity of these proteins did not vary with aging. Renin mRNA increased at 12 and 16 months and returned to baseline at 24 months. Additionally, Ang II synthesis was 3-fold higher in old than in young CPCs and this difference persisted after ligand activation. Conversely, a decrease in IGF-1R, IGF-1 and HGF mRNA, and IGF-1R and c-Met proteins occurred in old CPCs. Baseline values for IGF-1 secretion were similar in young and old CPCs, but in response to ligand stimulation IGF-1 synthesis was 8-fold higher in young CPCs. HGF did not vary. Collectively, these results indicate that aging led to an increase in RAS function and a decrease in IGF-1-IGF-1R and HGF-c-Met function in CPCs. However, whether these aging effects involved the entire CPC pool remained unknown. Based on the expression of the senescence-associated protein p16 INK4a and telomere length, CPCs in the old heart consisted of two subsets: a large compartment of p16 INK4a -positive CPCs with short telomeres and a small pool of p16 INK4a -negative CPCs with long telomeres. CPCs expressing IGF-1-IGF-1R and HGF-c-Met were consistently negative for p16 INK4a while p16 INK4a was detected in CPCs positive for Ang II and AT1-receptors. Therefore, the ability of IGF-1 and HGF to induce CPC proliferation was attenuated but not abolished in old CPCs which also showed a modest 29% decrease in telomerase activity. Ang II stimulated apoptosis in both young and old CPCs but oxidative DNA damage was higher in old cells. Studies in vivo were then performed documenting that CPCs can be activated in the old heart by the local injection of growth factors. By this strategy, the senescent heart phenotype was partially corrected and the improvement in cardiac hemodynamics resulted in prolongation of maximum lifespan.
Studies on the Components of Boehmeria sp. I. Studies on the Components of the Roots of Boehmeria platanifolia FRANCH. et SAV. (1973)

Arachidic acid, behenic acid, β-sitosterol, β-sitosteryl-β-D-glucoside, physcion, emodin, ursolic acid, and compound (F) were isolated from the roots of Boehmeria platanifolia FRANCH. et SAN., and these compounds except substance (F) were identified with authentic samples.
Fabrication of Micro-Patterned 2D Nanorod and Nanohole Arrays by a Combination of Photolithography and Nanosphere Lithography (2011)

This paper reports a facile fabrication technique for micro-patterned two-dimensional (2D) nanorod and nanohole arrays. This technique is based on a combination of two simple and scalable processes: photolithography for micro-patterns and nanosphere lithography (NSL) for nano-patterns. Mixed patterns, such as micro-scale line patterned 2D SiO2 nanoarrays, can be routinely fabricated over a quartz substrate owing to the high reproducibility of this simple method. In micro-patterned 2D nanoarrays, the structural dimensions of micro-patterns can be controlled by general optimization of photolithography techniques; structural dimensions of nano-patterns can be controlled with the NSL technique. We demonstrate micro-patterned fluorescence images of SrGa2S4:Eu2+ thin-film phosphors (TFPs) by depositing TFPs on micro-patterned 2D SiO2 photonic crystal (PC) nanoarrays using rf-magnetron sputtering technique. It is expected that photolithography-assisted NSL will be incorporated easily in the fabrication of micro-patterned PC for the various photonic or optoelectronic devices.
Radical self-assembled monolayers on Au(111) formed by the adsorption of closed-shell molecules (2012)

Using density-functional theory band-structure calculations, we show how the exothermic adsorption of conjugated closed-shell organic semiconductor molecules on an Au(111) surface can turn them into radicals. For this to happen, we suggest the use of a thiocarbonyl docking group instead of the commonly applied thiols. The radicalisation of the adsorbed molecules resulting from the formation of the Au–S bond leads to reduced electron- and hole-injection barriers. The calculations predict two energetically close solutions for the adsorbed monolayer, one being non-magnetic and metallic and another being magnetic with reduced density of states at the Fermi energy.
Figure S5 from Induced Telomere Damage to Treat Telomerase Expressing Therapy-Resistant Pediatric Brain Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Survival probability of 6-thio-dG treated mice with MB004 tumors at a volume of 1500 mm3. Average values of 6 mice per group have been considered and significance between two groups is indicated by P-value, **, P&lt;0.01.&lt;/p&gt;
Theory and laboratory experiments of elastic wave scattering by dry planar fractures (2011)

[1] Remote sensing of fractures with elastic waves is important in fields ranging from seismology to nondestructive testing. In many geophysical applications, fractures control the flow of fluids such as water, hydrocarbons or magma. While previous analytic descriptions of scattering mostly deal with very large or very small fractures (compared to the dominant wavelength), we present an analytic solution for the scattering of elastic waves from a fracture of arbitrary size. Based on the linear slip model for a dry fracture, we derive the scattering amplitude in the frequency domain under the Born approximation for all combinations of incident and scattered wave modes. Our analytic results match laser-based ultrasonic laboratory measurements of a single fracture in clear plastic, allowing us to quantify the compliance of a fracture.
Aumento de las areas visuales en los sordos: Los cortex visual y auditivo no son tan distintos como se cree (1996)

Tanto si es de origen genético como adquirida en la primera infancia, la sordera produce una reorganización parcial del cerebro. Se ha podido demostrar en el animal que neuronas del córtex auditivo adquieren características de las neuronas visuales. En el hombre lo confirma la imaginería: todo sucede como si una parte del córtex visual se apropriase de algunas zonas del córtex destinadas normalmente a la audicións. Se consata ademas que el lenguaje de los sordos solicita más al hemisferio derecho que el lenguaje hablado.
Demonstration of Half-Metallicity in Fermi-Level-Tuned Heusler AlloyCo2FeAl0.5Si0.5at Room Temperature (2009)

Fermi level tuning has been successfully demonstrated in Co-based full-Heusler alloy Co(2)FeAl(0.5)Si(0.5) (CFAS). The half-metallic band gap of CFAS was proved by the behavior of differential conductance of CFAS/(MgAl(2))O(x)/CoFe magnetic tunneling junctions with an unexplored crystalline (MgAl(2))O(x) barrier. CFAS exhibits the highest effective spin polarization (P_{eff}) at 300 K and the weakest temperature dependence of P_{eff} among all known half metals. Further study shows that P_{eff} of CFAS decays with increasing temperature (T) following T;{3/2} law perfectly, which indicates that the depolarization of CFAS is determined by spin wave excitation only.
A concurrent dual-band 1.9&#x2013;2.6-GHz Doherty power amplifier with Intermodulation impedance tuning (2014)

In this paper, a novel matching structure is introduced to implement accurate impedance matching at intermodulation (IM) frequencies in concurrent dual-band power amplifiers (PAs). Additionally, a concurrent dual-band Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) architecture featuring Intermodulation impedance tuning (IM tuning) is introduced in this paper. Based on the proposed matching structure and DPA architecture, a concurrent dual-band 1.9-2.6 GHz DPA is designed and fabricated using two 13-Watts GaN HEMTs. After linearization, the proposed DPA exhibits drain efficiency higher than 50% and output power nearly 10 Watts in concurrent mode. Due to the accurate IM tuning, the efficiency and PUF are improved greatly compared with previously reported concurrent dual-band DPAs, by about 40 percent and 3 times, respectively. To our best knowledge, this is the first reported DPA with IM tuning and the state-of-the-art performance in terms of both efficiency and power utilization factor (PUF).
Full stabilization of a frequency comb generated in a monolithic microcavity (2008)

We demonstrate independent control and full stabilization of the offset frequency and mode spacing of a frequency comb generated in a monolithic microcavity. The comb lines relative deviation from equidistance is less than 7.3times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-18</sup> .
A finite state machine-based characterization of building entities for monitoring and control (2012)

Cyber physical systems such as buildings contain entities (devices, appliances, etc.) that consume a multitude of resources (power, water, etc.). Efficient operation of these entities is important for reducing operating costs and environmental footprint of buildings. In this paper, we propose an entity characterization framework based on a finite state machine abstraction. Each state in the state machine is characterized in terms of distributions of sustainability or performance metrics of interest. This framework provides a basis for anomaly detection, assessment, prediction and usage pattern discovery. We demonstrate the usefulness of the framework using data from actual building entities. In particular, we apply our methodology to chillers and cooling towers, components of a building HVAC system.
Enhanced backscattering in a converging-beam configuration (1996)

Enhanced backscattering (EBS) is investigated for a converging-beam geometry. We find that the functional form of the enhanced backscattering cone is preserved under a change of variables that involves the focal length of the lens and the lens-to-sample distance. In absolute terms, the effect of the lens is that the EBS enhancement cone is lowered in magnitude and narrowed in angle. The experimental data show good agreement with the theory presented, even for tightly focused beams, as long as the illuminated area is larger than the transport mean free path for the random medium.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Selective Modulation of a Pan-Essential Protein as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;NXT2 loss leads to loss of NXF1&lt;/p&gt;
[Unreduced posterior luxations and fractures-luxations of the shoulder. Apropos of 30 cases]. (1990)

Twenty-seven patients (30 shoulders) presenting with an unreduced posterior dislocation or fracture-dislocation were operated on and followed up for at least 2 years. The lesions were classified in 4 types, after Randelli: posterior dislocation with cephalic fracture inferior to 50 per cent (type I = 10 cases) or superior to 50 per cent (type II = 8 cases) and posterior fracture-dislocations with two fragments (type III = 6 cases) or several fragments (type IV = 6 cases). The first patients of the series underwent a resection of the humeral head (5 cases) or an open reduction (7 cases). During a second period 10 shoulders were reduced by a posterior approach and stabilized by transfer of the subscapularis tendon with or without the lesser tuberosity in the humeral defect 6 shoulders were reduced by an anterior approach together with derotation osteotomy. Lastly, one patient refused to be operated on and we performed a shoulder prosthesis to the last one. Necrosis of the humeral head (9 cases) appeared to be related to the severity of the lesion (type III and IV) and the type of surgical procedure (5 derotation osteotomy out of 6 and 3 open reductions out of 7) rather than to the approach route or the interval from injury to diagnosis. These results show that an anatomical repair may be attempted when the dislocation is less than 6 months old and when the impression defect involved less than 50 per cent of the articular surface. Otherwise and a fortiori in old posterior fracture-dislocations, an arthroplasty seems to be the best solution. Even if it may be clinically difficult, it offers the best chance for a functional shoulder in an active patient.
ACE Inhibitors in the Diagnosis of Renovascular Hypertension (1992)

Effective therapy is available but the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension is often elusive. Those affected constitute a minority of the hypertensive population, and traditional screening tests have poor sensitivity and specificity. The merits and limitations of the captopril challenge test and the captopril renogram, alone or in combination, are discussed.
Interactive terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) player (2007)

This paper presents an interactive terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) player. Interactive T-DMB contents consist of the main AV streams and additional data streams such as BIFS (binary format for scene) streams, OD streams, and image streams. In order to properly play interactive T-DMB contents, presented player includes BIFS decoder, BIFS manager and JPEG decoder modules. The implementation of the interactive player and its capabilities are presented along with usage examples.
Nonlinear optical spintronics: topological Hall effect and Anderson localization (2021)

We propose nonlinear optical systems that are analogous to spin-transport in magnetic materials. We find a topological Hall effect for light in skyrmionic nonlinear photonic crystals, and spin-Anderson localization in optical spin-glass.