gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Energy Collision-Induced Dissociation (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Validity of a novel computerized cognitive battery for mild cognitive impairment (2003)

Mindstreams tests are effective in detecting MCI, providing a comprehensive profile of cognitive function. Further, the enhanced precision and ease of use of these computerized tests make the NeuroTrax system a valuable clinical tool in the identification of elderly at high risk for dementia.
Chimera Steady State Free Precession (Chimera SSFP) (2009)

A new type of steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence is introduced, termed chimera SSFP. The sequence consists of two alternating SSFP kernels (heads): odd TR-intervals feature a balanced SSFP (bSSFP) type of protocol, whereas even TR-intervals undergo gradient dephasing (unbalanced SSFP) and hence the name. Chimera SSFP features a peculiar frequency response profile with respect to the bSSFP interval of triangular shape. Potential applications of this new type of SSFP sequence are, among others, functional MRI (fMRI) and temperature mapping.
C4-Binding Protein Prevents Spontaneous Cleavage of C3 in Sera of Patients with Hereditary Angioedema (1988)

We have studied the effects of polyclonal monospecific Fab' preparations against C1r, C1s, C1INH, C4, C4bp, and fragment Bb of factor B on complement activation in NHS and HAES. Furthermore, we have investigated complement activation in these sera after addition of purified C1s and purified C4bp. Blocking C1INH induced a spontaneous activation of the classical pathway in NHS and to a lesser extent in HAES. Addition of p-C1s resulted in a strong C3 conversion in NHS, but not in HAES. However, after the blocking of C4bp in HAES, addition of p-C1s produced a total C3 consumption. The ration of the protein concentration of C4bp to hemolytically active C4 was eight times higher in HAES than in NHS. This increased ratio may account for the resistance of HAES to the C1s induced C3 cleavage in our in vitro system and the stability of C3 in HAE despite C4 and C2 consumption in vivo.
Human adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: establishment of a vaccine product profile through in vitro testing. (2012)

Next generation, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) molecular vaccines based on replication deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 viral vectored delivery of FMD capsid genes (AdFMD) are being developed by the United States Dept. of Homeland Security and industry partners. The strategic goal of this program is to develop AdFMD licensed vaccines for the USA National Veterinary Stockpile for use, if needed, as emergency response tools during an FMD outbreak. This vaccine platform provides a unique opportunity to develop a set of in vitro analytical parameters to generate an AdFMD vaccine product profile to replace the current lot release test for traditional, inactivated FMD vaccines that requires FMDV challenge in livestock. The possibility of an indirect FMD vaccine potency test based on a serological alternative was initially investigated for a lead vaccine candidate, Adt.A24. Results show that serum virus neutralization (SVN) based serology testing for Adt.A24 vaccine lot release is not feasible, at least not in the context of vaccine potency assessment at one week post-vaccination. Thus, an in vitro infectious titer assay (tissue culture infectious dose 50, TCID50) which measures FMD infectious (protein expression) titer was established. Pre-validation results show acceptable assay variability and linearity and these data support further studies to validate the TCID50 assay as a potential potency release test. In addition, a quantitative physiochemical assay (HPLC) and three immunochemical assays (Fluorescent Focus-Forming Unit (FFU); tissue culture expression dose 50 (TCED50); Western blot) were developed for potential use as in vitro assays to monitor AdFMD vaccine lot-to-lot consistency and other potential applications. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using a traditional modified-live vaccine virus infectivity assay in combination with a set of physiochemical and immunochemical tests to build a vaccine product profile that will ensure the each AdFMD vaccine lot released is similar to a reference vaccine of proven clinical safety and efficacy.
Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma Expresses Immunosuppressive CD80 (B7-1) Cell Surface Protein in a STAT5-Dependent Manner (2014)

In this article, we report that cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells and tissues ubiquitously express the immunosuppressive cell surface protein CD80 (B7-1). CD80 expression in CTCL cells is strictly dependent on the expression of both members of the STAT5 family, STAT5a and STAT5b, as well as their joint ability to transcriptionally activate the CD80 gene. In IL-2-dependent CTCL cells, CD80 expression is induced by the cytokine in a Jak1/3- and STAT5a/b-dependent manner, whereas in the CTCL cells with constitutive STAT5 activation, CD80 expression is also STAT5a/b dependent but is independent of Jak activity. Although depletion of CD80 expression does not affect the proliferation rate and viability of CTCL cells, induced expression of the cell-inhibitory receptor of CD80, CD152 (CTLA-4), impairs growth of the cells. Coculture of CTCL cells with normal T lymphocytes consisting of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) populations or the CD4(+) subset alone, transfected with CD152 mRNA, inhibits proliferation of normal T cells in a CD152- and CD80-dependent manner. These data identify a new mechanism of immune evasion in CTCL and suggest that the CD80-CD152 axis may become a therapeutic target in this type of lymphoma.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-10 from Loss of 53BP1 Causes PARP Inhibitor Resistance in <i>Brca1</i>-Mutated Mouse Mammary Tumors (2023)

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FREEDERICKSZ TRANSITION IN PRETILTED NEMATIC CELLS IN THE MAGNETIC FIELD NORMAL TO THE DIRECTOR (1979)

Threshold phenomenon of molecular orientational deformation is presented for pretilted nematic cells in magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field is normal to the director of nematic molecules in the plane containing both the director and the line normal to the cell surfaces. Experimental result of capacitance vs. magnetic field strength characteristic curves are analyzed on the base of continuum theory and related to two types of molecular orientation patterns. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical curves based on the assumption of rigid boundary coupling.
Gain-Assisted Hyperbolic Metamaterials (2012)

The dispersion relations of multilayer dye-doped hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) are studied. We show that metallic losses can be greatly compensated by saturated gain. Two realizable applications using gain-assisted HMMs, namely hypergratings and epsilon-near-zero materials, are proposed.
Hybrid optical limiters utilizing metallophthalocyanine based dyes and II-VI semiconductors (1990)

It has previously been shown that direct gap semiconductors may be used as limiters with high dynamic range and low limiting energies for picosecond pulses of light effective over the range of two-photon absorption.1 For nanosecond pulses, however, these limiters exhibited a much smaller dynamic range. On the other hand, studies of nonlinear absorption and refraction in chloro-aluminum-phthalocyanine (CAP) dissolved in methanol have shown that this material exhibits good limiting properties for nanosecond pulse widths.2 Being in the form of a liquid solution, this material also has the property of self-healing from damage. These complementary properties suggest the possibility of using these two materials configured in tandem as a hybrid limiter.
Solving inverse problem of Markov chain with partial observations (2013)

The Markov chain is a convenient tool to represent the dynamics of complex sys-tems such as traffic and social systems, where probabilistic transition takes place between internal states. A Markov chain is characterized by initial-state proba-bilities and a state-transition probability matrix. In the traditional setting, a major goal is to study properties of a Markov chain when those probabilities are known. This paper tackles an inverse version of the problem: we find those probabilities from partial observations at a limited number of states. The observations include the frequency of visiting a state and the rate of reaching a state from another. Prac-tical examples of this task include traffic monitoring systems in cities, where we need to infer the traffic volume on single link on a road network from a limited number of observation points. We formulate this task as a regularized optimiza-tion problem, which is efficiently solved using the notion of natural gradient. Us-ing synthetic and real-world data sets including city traffic monitoring data, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. 1
Compact bandwidth tunable microring resonators (2008)

We demonstrate microring resonators on silicon-on-insulator with bandwidth tunable from 0.1 nm to 0.7 nm, an extinction ratio of 23 dB and a footprint of less than 0.001 mm2 using interferometric couplers and thermal tuning.
Differences in Mechanisms between Weight Loss-Sensitive and -Resistant Blood Pressure Reduction in Obese Subjects. (2001)

This study was conducted to clarify the mechanisms involved in the sensitivity for blood pressure (BP) reduction in response to weight loss. In particular, we focused on the contributions of sympathetic nervous system activity and fasting plasma leptin and insulin levels to BP levels during weight loss in obese subjects with weight loss-sensitive and -resistant BP reduction. Sixty-one young, obese untreated hypertensive men (HT) and 52 obese normotensive men (NT) were enrolled in a weight loss program consisting of a low caloric diet and aerobic exercise over a 24-week period. At entry and at week 24, body mass index (BMI), BP, plasma norepinephrine (NE), leptin and insulin were measured. Successful weight loss and BP reduction were respectively defined as a more than a 10% reduction in BMI or mean BP from baseline at week 24. More than 60% of subjects in either group successfully achieved weight loss by this definition. The percentage of subjects who successfully achieved BP reduction was higher (64%) among those subjects who achieved weight loss than among those who did not (22%). Plasma NE level at entry in subjects who failed to achieve BP reduction despite weight loss was significantly higher than that in subjects who succeeded in BP reduction. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were similar between subjects with and without BP reduction. In addition, the absolute decrement and percent decrement in plasma NE in subjects who succeeded in BP reduction were significantly greater than those in subjects who failed to reduce their BP. Absolute and percent decrements in plasma leptin and insulin were similar in both groups. These results suggest that individuals who are resistant to weight loss-induced BP reduction have more sympathetic overactivity both at the outset of and during weight loss.
Kontrastmittel in der Radiologie - Röntgen und MRT (2003)

Kontrastmittel verbessern die Effektivität der medizinischen Röntgen- und Magnetresonanzdiagnostik. Der Artikel beschreibt die im Handel befindlichen Kontrastmittelsubstanzen und deren Zubereitungen, die physikalische Wirkung der Kontrastmittel sowie die Pharmakokinetik, soweit sie für Wirkung und Verträglichkeit von Bedeutung ist. Es werden Hinweise für die Handhabung von Kontrastmitteln gegeben. Die Abhängigkeit der Kontrastwirkung von der Kontrastmittelkonzentration, Dosis, Injektionsgeschwindigkeit wird diskutiert. Die wichtigsten Wirkungen von Kontrastmittelzubereitungen auf die einzelnen Organsysteme und den Gesamtorganismus werden aufgeführt und in ihrer Bedeutung für die Anwendung beschrieben. Für eilige Leser: s. Zusammenfassung auf S. 93
LPE Growth and Scintillation Properties of (Zn,Mg)O Single Crystalline Film (2012)

Among the direct wide band-gap semiconductors, ZnO is an attractive scintillator for alpha particle monitoring. However, the undoped ZnO has a dominant slow luminescence around 500-600 nm due to lattice defects. In this study, the Mg-substituted ZnO ((Zn,Mg)O) single crystalline films with high crystallinity are investigated. Mg doping is found to improve the lattice order and suppress slow luminescent component around 500-600 nm. (Zn,Mg)O single crystalline films were grown by the Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) method. Alpha-ray excited radioluminescence spectra of (Zn,Mg)O film show only one emission peak around 400 nm and decay time of a few nanoseconds. This emission is assigned to free exciton. Light yield of LPE grown (Zn,Mg)O film is evaluated of about 90% of BGO.
SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination (2022)

This study has been supported by ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. ISARIC4C is supported by grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research and the Medical Research Council. Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre provided infrastructure support for this research. The PHOSP-COVD study is jointly funded by UK Research and Innovation and National Institute of Health and Care Research. The funders were not involved in the study design, interpretation of data or the writing of this manuscript.
Energy optimization in wireless medical systems using physiological behavior (2010)

Wearable sensing systems are becoming widely used for a variety of applications, including sports, entertainment, and military. These systems have recently enabled a variety of medical monitoring and diagnostic applications in Wireless Health. The need for multiple sensors and constant monitoring lead these systems to be power hungry and expensive, with short operating lifetimes. In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology that takes advantage of the influence of human behavior on signal properties and reduces those three metrics from the data size point of view. This, in turn, directly influences the wireless communication and local processing power consumption. We exploit intrinsic space and temporal correlations between sensor data while considering both user and system behavior. Our goal is to select a small subset of sensors to accurately capture and/or predict all possible signals of a fully instrumented wearable sensing system. Our approach leverages novel modeling, partitioning, and behavioral optimization, which consists of signal characterization, segmentation and time shifting, mutual signal prediction, and subset sensor selection. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique on an insole instrumented with 99 pressure sensors placed in each shoe, which cover the bottom of the entire foot, resulting in energy reduction of 56% to 96% for error rates of 5% to 17.5%.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Regulates Phospholipase Cγ-mediated Calcium Signaling (1998)

It has been demonstrated that the lipid products of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) can associate with the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of specific signaling molecules and modify their actions. In the current experiments, phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P3) was found to bind to the C-terminal SH2 domain of phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma) with an apparent Kd of 2.4 microM and to displace the C-terminal SH2 domain from the activated platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). To investigate the in vivo relevance of this observation, intracellular inositol trisphosphate (IP3) generation and calcium release were examined in HepG2 cells expressing a series of PDGFR mutants that activate PLCgamma with or without receptor association with PI3K. Coactivation of PLCgamma and PI3K resulted in an approximately 40% increase in both intracellular IP3 generation and intracellular calcium release as compared with selective activation of PLCgamma. Similarly, the addition of wortmannin or LY294002 to cells expressing the wild-type PDGFR inhibited the release of intracellular calcium. Thus, generation of PtdIns-3,4,5-P3 by receptor-associated PI3K causes an increase in IP3 production and intracellular calcium release, potentially via enhanced PtdIns-4, 5-P2 substrate availability due to PtdIns-3,4,5-P3-mediated recruitment of PLCgamma to the lipid bilayer.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOXAZOL‐CHEMIE 3. MITT. DARST. VON 3,5‐DISUBSTITUIERTEN ISOXAZOLEN UND RK. MIT LI‐VERBINDUNGEN (1970)

Abstract Durch Behandlung der Isoxazole (I) mit Diazomethan (II) entstehen die Methylderivate (III) und (IV) ungefähr im Verhältnis l : 1. Die Verbindungen (III) reagieren mit Butyl‐Li (V) und anschließend mit CO 2 zu den Carbonsäuren (VI).
Molecular Motions of Non-Crystalline BEK (1995)

Relaxation behaviors of BEK, a new engineering plastic with high heat resistance ( T g : 181° C, T m : 364° C), were investigated. Dielectric relaxation peaks were observed at -83° C and 51° C in 9.8 Hz, and their activation energies were 7 kcal/mol and 19 kcal/mol, respectively. The relaxation peaks were also observed in mechanical measurements. The `chemical structure-relaxation behavior' relationship in BEK and its related polymers suggests that the origins of the high temperature relaxation peak of BEK are crankshaft type chain motions while those of the low-temperature relaxation peak are wigglings of benzonitrile or phenyl groups.
Planar transmission line method for measurement of dielectric constants of liquid crystals in 60 GHz band (2009)

Recent characterizations of liquid crystal (LC) materials invariably use magnetic field for biasing LC. In this paper a transmission line method is proposed for the characterization of the dielectric properties of LC in the 60 GHz band, using electric field bias. In this method a balanced strip line is used to accommodate the LC sample. To facilitate the application of the electric field to the LC and to ease the measurement of the scattering parameters, a unique transition from the balanced strip line to the finite ground coplanar waveguide (FGCPW) is developed. The LC investigated in this paper is the E7 mixture.
Adaptive Immunity and the Risk of Autoreactivity in COVID-19 (2021)

While first and foremost considered a respiratory infection, COVID-19 can result in complications affecting multiple organs. Immune responses in COVID-19 can both protect against the disease as well as drive it. Insights into these responses, and specifically the targets being recognised by the immune system, are of vital importance in understanding the side effects of COVID-19 and associated pathologies. The body's adaptive immunity recognises and responds against specific targets (antigens) expressed by foreign pathogens, but not usually to target self-antigens. However, if the immune system becomes dysfunctional, adaptive immune cells can react to self-antigens, which can result in autoimmune disease. Viral infections are well reported to be associated with, or exacerbate, autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In COVID-19 patients, both new onset MS and SLE, as well as the occurrence of other autoimmune-like pathologies, have been reported. Additionally, the presence of autoantibodies, both with and without known associations to autoimmune diseases, have been found. Herein we describe the mechanisms of virally induced autoimmunity and summarise some of the emerging reports on the autoimmune-like diseases and autoreactivity that is reported to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Design of a SAE Compliant Multicoil Ground Assembly (2020)

Inductive power transfer is a technology that enables power to be transferred from a primary (ground assembly) to a secondary (vehicle assembly) without a physical connection. Recommended practice proposed by the SAE J2954 working group has put flux limitations for human exposure in stationary electric vehicle charging applications. The latest version has constrained the leakage flux to 27 μT RMS for EMF limitations. In this article, a new multicoil ground assembly (MCGA) is proposed to reduce the leakage flux. The MCGA can decrease the flux levels by over 25%. All the vehicle assemblies studied can meet the EMF requirements. The ground assembly is the main contributor to leakage flux, except when the DDP WPT3/Z3 secondary vehicle assembly becomes the main contributor. The proposed MCGA is also able to provide similar dc–dc efficiencies compared to the existing Universal Ground Assembly of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt;$</tex-math></inline-formula> 89% at the most misaligned point.
Joint Optimization of Hybrid Beamforming for Multi-User Massive MIMO Downlink (2018)

Considering the design of two-stage beamformers for the downlink of multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output systems in frequency division duplexing mode, this paper investigates the case where both the link ends are equipped with hybrid digital/analog beamforming structures. A virtual sectorization is realized by channel-statistics-based user grouping and analog beamforming, where the user equipment only needs to feedback its intra-group effective channel, and the overall cost of channel state information (CSI) acquisition is significantly reduced. Under the Kronecker channel model assumption, we first show that the strongest eigenbeams of the receive correlation matrix form the optimal analog combiner to maximize the intra-group signal to inter-group interference plus noise ratio. Then, with the partial knowledge of instantaneous CSI, we jointly optimize the digital precoder and combiner by maximizing a lower bound of the conditional average net sum rate. Simulations over the propagation channels obtained from geometric-based stochastic models, ray tracing results, and measured outdoor channels, demonstrate that our proposed beamforming strategy outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
An architecture for componentized, network-based media services (2003)

We present MSA (media services architecture), a flexible, general architecture for requesting, configuring, and running services that operate on streaming audio and video as it flows through the network. MSA decomposes requested media services into modular processing components that may be distributed to servers throughout the network and which intercommunicate via standard streaming protocols. Use of standard protocols also affords seamless interoperability between MSA and media content delivery networks. MSA manages media services by monitoring the networked servers and assigning service components to them in a manner that uses available computational and network resources efficiently. We describe some implemented example services to illustrate the concepts and benefits of the architecture.