gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavior of ion affecting image sticking on liquid crystal displays under application of direct current voltage (2010)

Image sticking can be observed in some cases and it degrades the image quality of liquid crystal (LC) display. The image sticking is considered to be induced by generation of residual direct current voltage (Vrdc), which would be caused by the presence of ion in a LC cell. We clarified the generation mechanism of Vrdc based on a model of adsorption and desorption of the ion to and from the surface of an alignment layer at various temperatures. The experimental results indicate that these processes can be explained by the Boltzmann distribution. The analysis based on Arrehnius plots shows that the ion adsorbs to the surface of the alignment layer with weak binding such as van der Waals interaction or hydrogen bonding. This finding is effective for development of high image quality LC displays.
Characterization of Caspase Processing and Activation in HL-60 Cell Cytosol Under Cell-free Conditions (1999)

The present studies compared caspase activation under cell-free conditions in vitro and in etoposide-treated HL-60 leukemia cells in situ. Immunoblotting revealed that incubation of HL-60 cytosol at 30 degrees C in the presence of cytochrome c and ATP (or dATP) resulted in activation of procaspases-3, -6, and -7 but not -2 and -8. Although similar selectivity was observed in intact cells, affinity labeling revealed that the active caspase species generated in vitro and in situ differed in charge and abundance. ATP and dATP levels in intact HL-60 cells were higher than required for caspase activation in vitro and did not change before caspase activation in situ. Replacement of ATP with the poorly hydrolyzable analogs 5'-adenylyl methylenediphosphate, 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate, or 5'-adenylyl-O-(3-thiotriphos-phate) slowed caspase activation in vitro, suggesting that ATP hydrolysis is required. Caspase activation in vitro was insensitive to phosphatase and kinase inhibitors (okadaic acid, staurosporine, and genistein) but was inhibited by Zn(2+), aurintricarboxylic acid, and various protease inhibitors, including 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, N(alpha)-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, N(alpha)-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and N-(N(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonylphenylalanyl)alanine fluoromethyl ketone, each of which inhibited recombinant caspases-3, -6, -7, and -9. Experiments with anti-neoepitope antiserum confirmed that these agents inhibited caspase-9 activation. Collectively, these results suggest that caspase-9 activation requires nucleotide hydrolysis and is inhibited by agents previously thought to affect apoptosis by other means.
Role of the Brain in Interleukin-6 Modulation (1998)

High levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been found in the brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in several CNS disorders including Alzheimer's disease, AIDS dementia complex, multiple sclerois, stroke, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injuries, brain tumors and CNS infections. In these diseases, IL-6 is also found in blood showing that CNS conditions can elicit a peripheral immune response. A direct secretion of IL-6 from brain to blood has been shown to be a major mechanism by which the brain activates peripheral metabolic, endocrine and immune responses. However, this communication is not straightforward and other regulatory mechanisms are likely to be there. Several lines of evidence obtained in the laboratory have shown that the brain significantly modulates IL-6 production in the periphery. Evidence will be given that: (i) central inflammatory stimuli efficiently induce peripheral IL-6; (ii) central opioids are effective modulators of peripheral IL-6, and (iii) the sympathetic nervous system represents an inhibitory pathway to peripheral IL-6.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Anticancer Potential of Bioactive Heterocycle Quinoline (2015)

Abstract Review: 275 refs.
Challenge: Wireless Sensor Networking over White Spaces (2014)

White spaces represent unoccupied TV spectrum that could be used for wireless communication by unlicensed devices, just like Wi-Fi and ZigBee devices can use the ISM bands. This low-frequency spectrum enables high bandwidth communication at long transmission ranges. In this paper, we propose a system that leverages the benefits of white spaces for sensor networks, with a view to overcoming the limitations associated with coverage, bandwidth, time synchronization, and scalability of current wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, the applications and requirements of WSNs pose interesting challenges for adopting white spaces. In this challenge paper, we address both the opportunities and the challenges of using white spaces for WSNs.
[Relationship between the expression level of alpha-MHC gene and cardiac contractility during heart failure]. (1998)

To investigate the molecular basis of the decrease in myocardial contractility during heart failure, an animan model of heart failure was set up by means of deoxycorticosterone-acetate impregnated silicone rubber implants in wistar rats. Cardiac contractility in normal and heart failure rats was examined, and gene expression of its myocardial contractile protein, alpha-MHC, was quantitatively analyzed at gene transcription level by using RNA slot blot hybridization. The results showed that the cardiac contractility and the alpha-MHC mRNA levels in heart failure rats were all lower than those in the normal. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the cardiac contractility and the gene expression of alpha-MHC (r = 0.4143, n = 43, P < 0.05). The above results indicate that gene expression level of alpha-MHC is one of the key factors determining cardiac contractility.
Delta compression with fixed-length substring coding for fast content download (2005)

Delta compression algorithms take advantage of the statistical correlations between different files or packets so that common sequences between two files can be encoded using a copy reference. Delta compression forms the core of fast and efficient content download. We present for the first time, a theoretical framework for delta compression based on information theory and Markov models, including insights into the compression bounds. We also simulated and implemented a generic delta compression scheme and demonstrated its realtime and non realtime performance by applying the scheme on binary data.
Binding of the Delta Subunit to Rod Phosphodiesterase Catalytic Subunits Requires Methylated, Prenylated C-Termini of the Catalytic Subunits (2000)

PDE6 (type 6 phosphodiesterase) from rod outer segments consists of two types of catalytic subunits, alpha and beta; two inhibitory gamma subunits; and one or more delta subunits found only on the soluble form of the enzyme. About 70% of the phosphodiesterase activity found in rod outer segments is membrane-bound, and is thought to be anchored to the membrane through C-terminal prenyl groups. The recombinant delta subunit has been shown to solubilize the membrane-bound form of the enzyme. This paper describes the site and mechanism of this interaction in more detail. In isolated rod outer segments, the delta subunit was found exclusively in the soluble fraction, and about 30% of it did not coimmunoprecipitate with the catalytic subunits. The delta subunit that was bound to the catalytic subunits dissociated slowly, with a half-life of about 3.5 h. To determine whether the site of this strong binding was the C-termini of the phosphodiesterase catalytic subunits, peptides corresponding to the C-terminal ends of the alpha and beta subunits were synthesized. Micromolar concentrations of these peptides blocked the phosphodiesterase/delta subunit interaction. Interestingly, this blockade only occurred if the peptides were both prenylated and methylated. These results suggested that a major site of interaction of the delta subunit is the methylated, prenylated C-terminus of the phosphodiesterase catalytic subunits. To determine whether the catalytic subunits of the full-length enzyme are methylated in situ when bound to the delta subunit, we labeled rod outer segments with a tritiated methyl donor. Soluble phosphodiesterase from these rod outer segments was more highly methylated (4.5 +/- 0.3-fold) than the membrane-bound phosphodiesterase, suggesting that the delta subunit bound preferentially to the methylated enzyme in the outer segment. Together these results suggest that the delta subunit/phosphodiesterase catalytic subunit interaction may be regulated by the C-terminal methylation of the catalytic subunits.
Distinct mouse DNA sequences enable establishment and persistence of plasmid DNA polymers in mouse cells (1989)

Distinct elements isolated from mouse genomic DNA confer on plasmid DNA the ability to persist at high copy numbers in mouse L fibroblasts (1). Field inversion gel electrophoresis demonstrated that - in contrast to our previous assumption - the persisting plasmid DNA does not exist extrachromosomally but as clusters of tandem repeats integrated into genomic DNA. Digestion with restriction endonucleases that do not cut within the plasmid DNA results in fragments of 50-300 kb in length indicating reiteration of 10-50 plasmid DNA molecules. Restriction with several enzymes that cut once or twice within the plasmid sequences lead to fragment(s) indicative for head-to-tail tandem repeats. In situ hybridization revealed signals for a long homogeneously staining region (HSR) in one or two chromosomes per cell nucleus. Possibilities how these elements could act in the establishment and/or maintenance of the head-to-tail polymers of plasmid DNA in mouse cells are discussed.
Lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans. Efflux and recycling of sulphate and N-acetylhexosamines (1986)

Lysosomal degradation of the carbohydrate portion of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans produces monosaccharides and sulphate, which must efflux from the lysosomes before re-entering biosynthetic pathways. We examined the degradation of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans by lysosomes isolated from cultured human diploid fibroblasts. Cells were grown for 24 h in medium containing [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulphate. When lysosomes are isolated from these cells, they contain label primarily in macromolecules (glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans). Glycoprotein degradation by isolated lysosomes was followed by measuring the release of tritiated sugars from macromolecules and efflux of these sugars from the organelles. Glycosaminoglycan degradation was monitored by the release of both tritiated sugars and [35S]sulphate. During macromolecule degradation, the total amounts of free [35S]sulphate, N-acetyl[3H]glucosamine and N-acetyl[3H]galactosamine found outside the lysosome parallels the amounts of these products released by degradation. The total degradation of glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans by intact cultured cells was also examined. The lysosomal contribution to degradation was assessed by measuring inhibition by the lysosomotropic amine NH4Cl. After 48 h incubation, inhibition by NH4Cl exceeded 55% of glycoprotein and 72% of glycosaminoglycan degradation. Recycling of [3H]hexosamines and [35S]sulphate by intact cells was estimated by measuring the appearance of ‘newly synthesized’ radioactively labelled macromolecules in the medium. Sulphate does not appear to be appreciably recycled. N-Acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine, on the other hand, are reutilized to a significant extent.
Polygenic Hyperlipidemias and Coronary Artery Disease Risk (2020)

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a highly heritable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). While monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia associates with severely increased CAD risk, it remains less clear to what extent a high polygenic load of a large number of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C) or triglyceride (TG)-increasing variants associates with increased CAD risk. Methods: We derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) with approximate to 6M variants separately for LDL-C and TG with weights from a UK Biobank-based genome-wide association study with approximate to 324K samples. We evaluated the impact of polygenic hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia to lipid levels in 27 039 individuals from the National FINRISK Study (FINRISK) cohort and to CAD risk in 135 638 individuals (13 753 CAD cases) from the FinnGen project (FinnGen). Results: In FINRISK, median LDL-C was 3.39 (95% CI, 3.38-3.40) mmol/L, and it ranged from 2.87 (95% CI, 2.82-2.94) to 3.78 (95% CI, 3.71-3.83) mmol/L between the lowest and highest 5% of the LDL-C PRS distribution. Median TG was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.18-1.20) mmol/L, ranging from 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94-1.00) to 1.55 (95% CI, 1.48-1.61) mmol/L with the TG PRS. In FinnGen, comparing the highest 5% of the PRS to the lowest 95%, CAD odds ratio was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.24-1.49) for the LDL-C PRS and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.19-1.43) for the TG PRS. These estimates were only slightly attenuated when adjusting for a CAD PRS (odds ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.16-1.38] for LDL-C and 1.24 [95% CI, 1.13-1.36] for TG PRS). Conclusions: The CAD risk associated with a high polygenic load for lipid-increasing variants was proportional to their impact on lipid levels and partially overlapping with a CAD PRS. In contrast with a PRS for CAD, the lipid PRSs point to known and directly modifiable risk factors providing additional guidance for clinical translation.
Noise-based antenna terms for active receiving arrays (2012)

For active receiving arrays with complex receiver chains, nonreciprocal components in the beamforming network, or digitally sampled and processed output signals, existing transmit-based antenna terms such as gain and radiation efficiency cannot be directly applied. Using the reciprocity principle to obtain an equivalence between the total power radiated by a transmitting antenna and the noise power at the output of a receiving antenna, a new set of more general, receiver-specific antenna terms have been obtained. For passive, reciprocal antennas, the new definitions are rigorously equivalent to existing definitions. The terms have received the IEEE Antenna Definitions Working Group's support for inclusion pending final approval by the Antenna Standards Committee in the next update of the IEEE standard for antenna terms.
Application of low‐frequency sonophoresis and reduction of antibiotics in the aquatic systems (2017)

A major concern in aquaculture is the use of chemical therapeutics, such as antibiotics, because of their impact on the environment as well as on the fish product. As a potential tool for reducing antibiotic use, we tested the application of low-frequency ultrasound as a method for enhancing antibiotic uptake. Rainbow trout juveniles (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to two different concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC), flumequine (FLU) and florfenicol (FLO), administered by bath after the application of ultrasound. After exposure, concentrations of these substances were measured in the liver and blood of treated fish. Results showed that the ultrasound treatment can significantly increase the uptake for all three antibiotics. The uptake of OTC for example, in fish exposed to an OTC concentration of 20 mg L<sup>-1</sup> after prior treatment with ultrasound, was similar to the OTC concentrations in their liver and blood to fish exposed to 100 mg L<sup>-1</sup> without sonication. For FLU and FLO, the use of ultrasound caused significant differences of uptake in the liver at high antibiotic concentrations. This suggests that the use of ultrasound as a technique to deliver antibiotics to fish can ultimately reduce the amount of antibiotics discharged into the aquatic environment.
A map of mobile DNA insertions in the NCI-60 human cancer cell panel (2016)

These data provide a resource for investigators with interests in specific cancer gene loci or mobile element insertion effects more broadly. Our data underscore that significant genetic variation in cancer genomes is owed to LINE-1 and <i>Alu</i> retrotransposons. Our findings also indicate that as large numbers of cancer genomes become available, it will be possible to associate individual transposable element insertion variants with molecular and phenotypic features of these malignancies.
Advanced packaging technologies on 3D stacked LSI utilizing the micro interconnections and the layered microthin encapsulation (2002)

The advanced 3D stacking technologies are discussed in this paper. They are the microbumping in 20 /spl mu/m pitch, the basic processes of the advanced bonding processes for the high precision and the reliable interconnections, the novel technologies to encapsulate the layered microthin gaps less than 10 /spl mu/m, and the non-destructive inspection. These technologies are confirmed to realize the 3D stacked LSI structure, and it will be expanded to the advanced system packaging technologies in the near future.
Preclinical Antitumor Activity of the Orally Available Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor NVP-BEP800 (2010)

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone with ATPase activity involved in the conformational maturation and stability of key signaling molecules involved in cell proliferation, survival, and transformation. Through its ability to modulate multiple pathways involved in oncogenesis, Hsp90 has generated considerable interest as a therapeutic target. NVP-BEP800 is a novel, fully synthetic, orally bioavailable inhibitor that binds to the NH(2)-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90. NVP-BEP800 showed activity against a panel of human tumor cell lines and primary human xenografts in vitro at nanomolar concentrations. In A375 melanoma and BT-474 breast cancer cell lines, NVP-BEP800 induced client protein degradation (including ErbB2, B-Raf(V600E), Raf-1, and Akt) and Hsp70 induction. Oral administration of NVP-BEP800 was well tolerated and induced robust antitumor responses in tumor xenograft models, including regression in the BT-474 breast cancer model. In these tumor models, NVP-BEP800 modulated Hsp90 client proteins and downstream signaling pathways at doses causing antitumor activity. NVP-BEP800 showed in vivo activity in a variety of dosing regimens covering daily to weekly schedules, potentially providing a high degree of flexibility in dose and schedule within the clinical setting. Overall, given the mechanism of action, preclinical activity profile, tolerability, and pharmaceutical properties, NVP-BEP800 is an exciting new oral Hsp90 inhibitor warranting further development. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 906-19. (c)2010 AACR.
THE CHANGE IN ARTERIAL EPINEPHRINE LEVELS AFTER STANDARD AND HIGH DOSE EPINEPHRINE DURING CPR IN HUMANS (1990)

Paradis, Norman A.; Rivers, Emanuel P.; Martin, Gerard B.; Smithline, Howard A.; Goetting, Mark G.; Appleton, Timothy J.; Wortsman, Jacobo; Nowak, Richard M. Author Information
Vectors to Target Protein Domains to Different Cellular Compartments (1998)

The pcDNA3 mammalian expression vector uses the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to express proteins cloned into an adjacent polylinker. We have modified this vector to create three different targeting constructs: Go to Plasma Membrane (pGTM), Go to Nucleus (pGTN) and Go to Nucleus, Activate Transcription (pGTNAT). pGTM expresses a protein as a fusion to a myristic acid attachment signal, which targets proteins to the cell membranes. pGTN expresses an inserted protein as a fusion to a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), targeting it to the nucleus. pGTNAT incorporates an NLS (directing proteins to the nuclear compartment), an acid blob (a transcriptional activation domain) and a hemagglutinin epitope tag, creating a 107-amino acid fusion domain. We then cloned green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the three novel vectors and pcDNA3, and we transfected HeLa cells to test the new targeting constructs. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the GFP protein localizes to the nucleus when over-expressed in pGTN and pGTNAT, localizes to the plasma membrane and perinuclear membrane when in pGTM and is ubiquitous through the cell in pcDNA3. We anticipate that these new vectors will prove very useful in future expression studies to examine the function of particular proteins when they are localized to specific cellular compartments.
I-SceI-mediated double-strand DNA breaks stimulate efficient gene targeting in the industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei (2015)

Targeted integration of expression cassettes for enzyme production in industrial microorganisms is desirable especially when enzyme variants are screened for improved enzymatic properties. However, currently used methods for targeted integration are inefficient and result in low transformation frequencies. In this study, we expressed the Saccharomyces cerevisiae I-SceI meganuclease to generate double-strand breaks at a defined locus in the Trichoderma reesei genome. We showed that the double-strand DNA breaks mediated by I-SceI can be efficiently repaired when an exogenous DNA cassette flanked by regions homologous to the I-SceI landing locus was added during transformation. Transformation efficiencies increased approximately sixfold compared to control transformation. Analysis of the transformants obtained via I-SceI-mediated gene targeting showed that about two thirds of the transformants resulted from a homologous recombination event at the predetermined locus. Counter selection of the transformants for the loss of the pyrG marker upon integration of the DNA cassette showed that almost all of the clones contained the cassette at the predetermined locus. Analysis of independently obtained transformants using targeted integration of a glucoamylase expression cassette demonstrated that glucoamylase production among the transformants was high and showing limited variation. In conclusion, the gene targeting system developed in this study significantly increases transformation efficiency as well as homologous recombination efficiency and omits the use of Δku70 strains. It is also suitable for high-throughput screening of enzyme variants or gene libraries in T. reesei.
Hyperpolar multichromophoric nanoassembly for molecular nonlinear optics (2002)

A multichromophoric nanoassembly was designed by gathering seven push-pull chromophores on a &#946;-cyclodextrin assembling unit via covalent linkers. Such supermolecule provides a valuable model for the investigation of confinement effects on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of push-pull chromophores in the condensed phase. Push-pull chromophores display a significant ground-state dipole, thus promoting dipolar interactions that are expected to influence both the conformation and the optical properties of the multichromophoric assembly. In this perspective, the photophysical and nonlinear optical properties of the mutichromophoric bundle were investigated and compared to those of the monomeric chromophore. The absorption, circular dichroism and fluorescence investigations provide evidence that the push-pull chromophores do not behave as isolated independent chromophores within the multichromophoric assembly. The nanoscale supermolecule is hypsochromically and significantly hypochromically shifted with respect to its monomeric analogue. In addition, the close proximity promotes excitonic coupling, as well as excimer formation phenomena. The nanoscopic assembly also shows a very large dipolar moment (<i>&#956;</i> = 38 D), and a significant molecular first-order hyperpolarisability, which reveal a spontaneous sheaf-type self-arrangement of the dipolar chromophores within the supermolecule. Such chiral hyperpolar nanoassemblies are promising candidates as model systems for nanophotonics.