gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and characterization of a polypropylene matrix composite and aluminum hybrid material (2019)

Hybridizing different materials, such as metals and polymer matrix composites, has recently drawn attention as it can produce a unique material that offers advantages from both the metals and the composites. However, the strict surface preparation required, a relatively low production rate, and the resultant weak interface have been the hurdles for this technology. The low surface energy of some polymeric materials, such as polypropylene (PP) and their composites, has posed even more challenges when bonding with metals. This work aims to develop a hybridized PP matrix composite and aluminum with through thickness reinforcements (TTRs) at a high production rate and with minimal treatment. Long glass fiber PP matrix composite (LFT glass/PP) is integrated with aluminum sheet using an extrusion–compression molding process at a rate of 2 minutes per plate. The bonding between these two materials is achieved using the TTRs on the aluminum sheet that provide mechanical locking at the interface. The hybridized aluminum and glass/PP LFT material is evaluated on its performance in lap shear, short beam shear, flexure, and tension. It is concluded that the mechanical locking at the interface provides a lap shear bonding strength of 6.8 MPa, and the hybridized material has significantly improved tensile and flexural modulus as well as strength compared to the glass/PP LFT only. The same approach can be readily extended to hybridizing other polymer matrix composites with metallic materials.
Impact of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation on baroreflex-controlled sympathetic arterial pressure regulation (2018)

LPS-induced acute inflammation markedly increased SNA via resetting of the baroreflex neural arc, and suppressed the peripheral arc. The balance between the augmented neural arc and suppressed peripheral arc determines SNA and hemodynamics in LPS-induced acute inflammation.
Recovery principles of MySQL Cluster 5.1 (2005)

MySQL Cluster is a parallel main memory database. It is using the normal MySQL software with a new storage engine NDB Cluster. MySQL Cluster 5.1 has been adapted to also handle fields on disk. In this work a number of recovery principles of MySQL Cluster had to be adapted to handle very large data sizes. The article presents an efficient algorithm for synchronizing a starting node with very large data sets. It provides reasons for the unorthodox choice of a no-steal algorithm in the buffer manager. It also presents the algorithm to change the data.
Splicing Factor SRSF1 Promotes Pancreatitis and KRASG12D-Mediated Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

We describe the regulation of splicing factor SRSF1 expression in the context of pancreas cell identity, plasticity, and inflammation. SRSF1 protein downregulation is involved in a negative feedback cellular response to KRASG12D expression, contributing to pancreas cell homeostasis. Conversely, upregulated SRSF1 promotes pancreatitis and accelerates KRASG12D-mediated tumorigenesis through enhanced IL1 and MAPK signaling. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501.
A greener approach to cotton dyeings with excellent wash fastness (2002)

Attempts were made to find a more environmentally friendly method of dyeing cotton as an alternative to standard reactive dyeing processes that require high levels of water, salt and alkali and produce high levels of effluent contamination. It was intended that the new method would not compromise the excellent wash fastness levels typical of reactive dyed cotton. By employing a pre-treatment method, salt and alkali could be completely eliminated from the dyeing process and, in comparison with standard reactive dyeing processes, the time taken for the dyeing process to be completed could be significantly reduced and the volume of water required could be halved. The dyeings secured using the pre-treatment method had wash fastness values equal to those observed for the standard reactive dyeings.
Synthesis and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Imatinib Analogues Featuring Unusual Structural Motifs (2015)

A convenient synthesis of imatinib, a potent inhibitor of ABL1 kinase and widely prescribed drug for the treatment of a variety of leukemias, was devised and applied to the construction of a series of novel imatinib analogues featuring a number of non-aromatic structural motifs in place of the parent molecule's phenyl moiety. These analogues were subsequently evaluated for their biopharmaceutical properties (e.g., ABL1 kinase inhibitory activity, cytotoxicity). The bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane- and cubane-containing analogues were found to possess higher themodynamic solubility, whereas cubane- and cyclohexyl-containing analogues exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against ABL1 kinase and the most potent cytotoxicity values against cancer cell lines K562 and SUP-B15. Molecular modeling was employed to rationalize the weak activity of the compounds against ABL1 kinase, and it is likely that the observed cytotoxicity of these agents arises through off-target effects.
Can Knowledge be preserved in the long run? (2010)

Can (scientific) knowledge be reliably preserved over the long term? We have today very efficient and reliable methods to encode, store and retrieve data in a storage medium that is fault tolerant against many types of failures. But does this guarantee -- or does it even seem likely -- that all knowledge can be preserved over thousands of years and beyond? History shows that many types of knowledge that were known before have been lost. We observe that the nature of stored and communicated information and the way it is interpreted is such that it always tends to decay and therefore must lost eventually in the long term. The likely fundamental conclusion is that knowledge cannot be reliably preserved indefinitely.
Fosfatos de origen vegetal, fitato y calcificaciones patológicas en la enfermedad renal crónica (2016)

Phytate, or myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis dihydrogen phosphate (InsP6), is a naturally occurring phosphorus compound that is present in many foods, mainly legumes, whole grains and nuts. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have cardiovascular disease mortality up to 30times higher than the general population. Vascular calcifications (VCs) directly contribute to overall morbidity and mortality, especially in CKD. In part, this high mortality is due to elevated levels of phosphorus in the blood. Therefore, control of dietary phosphorus is essential. Dietary phosphorus can be classified according to its structure in organic phosphorus (plant and animal) and inorganic (preservatives and additives). Plant-phosphorus (legumes and nuts), mainly associated with InsP6, is less absorbable by the human gastrointestinal tract as the bioavailability of phosphorous from plant-derived foods is very low. Recent data indicate that restriction of foods containing plant phosphates may compromise the adequate supply of nutrients that have a beneficial effect in preventing cardiovascular events, such as InsP6 or fibre found in legumes and nuts. Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in humans suggest that InsP6 can prevent lithiasis and VCs and protect from osteoporosis. In conclusion, we need prospective studies to elucidate the potential benefits and risks of phytate (InsP6) through the diet and as an intravenous drug in patients on haemodialysis.
Optimizing a Weakly Binding Fragment into a Potent RORγt Inverse Agonist with Efficacy in an in Vivo Inflammation Model (2018)

The transcription factor RORγt is an attractive drug-target due to its role in the differentiation of IL-17 producing Th17 cells that play a critical role in the etiopathology of several autoimmune diseases. Identification of starting points for RORγt inverse agonists with good properties has been a challenge. We report the identification of a fragment hit and its conversion into a potent inverse agonist through fragment optimization, growing and merging efforts. Further analysis of the binding mode revealed that inverse agonism was achieved by an unusual mechanism. In contrast to other reported inverse agonists, there is no direct interaction or displacement of helix 12 observed in the crystal structure. Nevertheless, compound 9 proved to be efficacious in a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) inflammation model in rats.
Foreward (2006)

Examining the emergence of a European Union telecommunications policy, Joseph Goodman explains how and why the policy developed as it did and why certain reforms in the sector were easier to achieve than others. He provides a history of the key actors in the policy-making process from the first attempts by the national postal, telegraph, and telecommunication administrations to coordinate their telecommunications policies in the 1950s, to the implementation of a comprehensive EU telecommunications regulatory structure in 1998 and the development of a new regulatory structure in 2003.
N1‐Functionalized Indole‐Phosphane Oxazoline (IndPHOX) Ligands in Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions (2012)

Abstract N ‐Functionalized IndPHOX ligands bearing various groups have been synthesized and the effects of the N 1 ‐substituent on the reaction rate, yield, and asymmetric induction in a palladium‐catalyzed allylic substitution reaction are reported. The presence of an oxygen atom in the ligands, namely an N ‐MOM or N ‐THP group, led to enhancement of the enantioselectivity in the allylic amination reaction. In addition, a ligand with a chiral oxazoline ring at C‐1 and a phosphane substituent at C‐2 provided high enantioselectivity in good yield in an asymmetric allylic alkylation reaction.
Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of Selective Blockade of the Cardiac Slowly Activating Delayed Rectifier Current,IKs, in Canine Models of Malignant Ischemic Ventricular Arrhythmia (1999)

The present findings suggest that selective blockade of I(Ks) may be a potentially useful intervention for the prevention of malignant ischemic ventricular arrhythmias.
Zwitterionic Polymer Electroplating Facilitates the Preparation of Electrode Surfaces for Biosensing (2021)

Surface chemistry critically affects the diagnostic performance of biosensors. An ideal sensor surface should be resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption, yet be conducive to analytical responses. Here a new polymeric material, zwitterionic polypyrrole (ZiPPy), is reported to produce optimal surface condition for biosensing electrodes. ZiPPy combines two unique advantages: the zwitterionic function that efficiently hydrates electrode surface, hindering nonspecific binding of hydrophobic proteins; and the pyrrole backbone, which enables rapid (<7 min), controlled deposition of ZiPPy through electropolymerization. ZiPPy-coated electrodes show lower electrochemical impedance and less nonspecific protein adsorption (low fouling), outperforming bare and polypyrrole-coated electrodes. Moreover, affinity ligands for target biomarkers can be immobilized together with ZiPPy in a single-step electropolymerization. ZiPPy-coated electrodes are developed with specificity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The prepared sensor detects SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human saliva down to 50 ng mL<sup>-1</sup> , without the need for sample purification or secondary labeling.
A generalized data-driven speech enhancement framework for bilateral cochlear implants (2013)

This paper examines environment-adaptive noise suppression algorithms for computationally efficient or real-time implementation in bilateral cochlear implants using a single processor. A generalized framework is introduced that allows one to train suppression and head-related transfer function gain tables not only for different noise environments but also for different distortion measures. This generalization incorporates any differentiable measure with unilateral data-driven enhancement methods becoming its special cases. Specifically, the solutions for three distortion measures of Weighted-Euclidean, Log-Euclidean and Weighted-Cosh are provided. These solutions are evaluated in six commonly encountered noise environments for a wide range of directionalities.
Fabrication of and cell growth on ‘silicon membranes’ with high density TSVs for bio-sensing applications (2015)

A silicon membrane acting as an interface layer between live cells and the sensing electronics enabling low-cost, high-throughput bio-sensing is proposed; the interface is capable of supporting high pixel density allowing accurate image mapping. Cell attachment and growth was carried out on five different silicon based surfaces and compared to the standard Tissue Culture Polystyrene (TCPS) surface in order to optimize the selection process of the interface material; cell imaging is performed after 48 hours to study the effect of different surface variations (different materials on silicon, presence of metal, increased surface roughness due to CMP, etc.) on cell adhesion and growth. The results show that cells successfully adhere and grow onto the sensing electrodes for all the surfaces under test after the first 48 hours. Key enabling technologies for high pixel density membranes are also presented.
Theoretical Principles of In Vitro Selection Using Combinatorial Nucleic Acid Libraries (2000)

Abstract A new paradigm for drug discovery and biological research has developed from technologies that integrate combinatorial chemistry with rounds of selection and amplification, a technique called in vitro selection or systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). This overview unit discusses nucleic acid libraries that can be used, affinity probability distributions, an equilibrium model for SELEX, and optimal conditions including concentrations and signal‐to‐noise ratios.
The Potential of Molecular Self‐Assembled Monolayers in Organic Electronic Devices (2011)

Functionalized molecules that organize to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are gaining importance in organic electronic devices. They are fully compatible with flexible substrates, are amenable to low-cost processing, and show reliable film-forming behavior. Highly integrated devices, such as sensor arrays or memories, have also been demonstrated. Starting from auxiliary layers, which improve and modify surfaces and interfaces in traditional thin-film devices, the applications of SAMs develop towards molecular scale electronics, including active molecular device layers and multifunctional SAMs, which fulfill several layer functions of a device within one monolayer. Mixed SAMs make new and tunable device features possible, by stoichiometric control of the composition of different SAM-forming molecules.
Detection and Quantitation of Radiolabeled Proteins and DNA in Gels and Blots (1999)

This unit presents procedures for visualizing and quantitating radiolabeled proteins or DNA separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or affixed to filter membranes. Procedures for autoradiography and densitometry are provided, but even greater sensitivity can be achieved with fluorography or by the use of intensifying screens, both of which enhance the radioactive signal. Preflashing the film is described to increase the linear measurement range for weakly radioactive samples. Sensitivity and linear ranges of measurement can also be greatly extended by using a phosphor imaging system to quickly and easily quantify radioactive samples.
Psychrometric Bin Analysis for Alternative Cooling Strategies in Data Centers (2011)

Data centers are significant energy users and require continuous cooling to maintain high levels of computing performance. The majority of data centers have direct-expansion cooling, which typically accounts for approximately 50% of the energy usage of data centers. However, using typical meteorological year 3 (TMY3) weather data and a simple psychrometric bin analysis, alternative cooling strategies using a combination of economizer, evaporative, and supplemental direct expansion (DX) cooling have been shown to be applicable in all climate zones in the United States. Average data center cooling energy savings across the U.S. was approximately 80%. An analysis of cooling energy savings is presented for various ASHRAE climate zones. The psychrometric bin analysis is conducted for the ASHRAE recommended and allowable operating environment zones as well as a modified allowable operating environment. Control strategies are discussed. Finally, examples of energy-efficient data centers using alternative cooling strategies are presented.
Integrated molecular landscape of Parkinson’s disease (2017)

Parkinson's disease is caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Although a number of independent molecular pathways and processes have been associated with familial Parkinson's disease, a common mechanism underlying especially sporadic Parkinson's disease is still largely unknown. In order to gain further insight into the etiology of Parkinson's disease, we here conducted genetic network and literature analyses to integrate the top-ranked findings from thirteen published genome-wide association studies of Parkinson's disease (involving 13.094 cases and 47.148 controls) and other genes implicated in (familial) Parkinson's disease, into a molecular interaction landscape. The molecular Parkinson's disease landscape harbors four main biological processes-oxidative stress response, endosomal-lysosomal functioning, endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and immune response activation-that interact with each other and regulate dopaminergic neuron function and death, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, lipids and lipoproteins are functionally involved in and influenced by all these processes, and affect dopaminergic neuron-specific signaling cascades. Furthermore, we validate the Parkinson's disease -lipid relationship by genome-wide association studies data-based polygenic risk score analyses that indicate a shared genetic risk between lipid/lipoprotein traits and Parkinson's disease. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathways underlying the etiology of (sporadic) Parkinson's disease and highlight a key role for lipids and lipoproteins in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, providing important clues for the development of disease-modifying treatments of Parkinson's disease.
The influence of inhomogeneous volume conductor models on the ECG and the MCG (1994)

The authors investigated the influence of human body inhomogeneities such as the lungs, blood masses and the skeletal muscle layer on the electrical body surface potential and the magnetic field. The surface potentials and magnetic fields are calculated using a boundary element method. As a rule the blood masses have a large influence on both potential and magnetic field amplitude as well as on the potential and magnetic field map orientation, but the influence on the topology of the map is less in the electric case than in the magnetic case. The single-dipole reconstruction was applied to estimate the error caused by neglecting inner inhomogeneities in source localization. The neglect of lungs and blood masses results in a localization error of less than 1 cm in the electric case but more than 1 cm for deep sources at the posterior side of the heart in the magnetic case. The authors tried to assess the influence of the skeletal muscle layer by both an analytical two-layered anisotropic half-space model and the torso extension method. The skeletal muscle layer causes a smoothing effect on the electrical surface potential and to a lesser extent on the magnetic field, leading to an overestimation of the actual source depth of about 1-2 cm. In principle this can be reduced by taking data from all over the thoracic surface. The authors designed experiments for simultaneous measurement of body surface potential and extracorporeal magnetic field from the same subject. The evaluation of data from two patients showing Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome has shown that localization results from electric potential data and magnetocardiographic data are consistent.
DTCO Launches Moore’s Law Over the Feature Scaling Wall (2020)

Instead of marching from one crisply defined technology node to the next with an uncertain timeline, industry is transitioning toward annual technology updates driven by a schedule, but with an uncertain transistor density increase. Full node updates are expected every other year, with "half-node" updates in between. Pitch scaling began slowing after the 10nm node and is expected to practically cease by the 1nm node. Despite that, transistor density is expected to continue increasing at a similar pace of 45% density increase per node (or 20% per year) through the 1nm node, fueled by increasingly sophisticated Design-Technology Co-Optimization (DTCO) and Electronic Design Automation (EDA) advances.
New EEPROM concept for single bit operation (2007)

This paper presents a new small EEPROM memory with dual-control gate which allows high density memory application with single bit operations. This new architecture is based on a previous work proposed by Regnier et al. in 2004. The specificity was to use a dual-control gate EEPROM in order to control the coupling ratio on floating gate and so perform the memory operations without select transistor.
Human Semaphorin K1 Is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked and Defines a New Subfamily of Viral-related Semaphorins (1998)

The semaphorin family contains a large number of secreted and transmembrane proteins, some of which are known to act as repulsive axon guidance cues during development or to be involved in immune function. We report here on the identification of semaphorin K1 (sema K1), the first semaphorin known to be associated with cell surfaces via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage. Sema K1 is highly homologous to a viral semaphorin and can interact with specific immune cells, suggesting that like its viral counterpart, sema K1 could play an important role in regulating immune function. Sema K1 does not bind to neuropilin-1 or neuropilin-2, the two receptors implicated in mediating the repulsive action of several secreted semaphorins, and thus it likely acts through a novel receptor. In contrast to most previously described semaphorins, sema K1 is only weakly expressed during development but is present at high levels in postnatal and adult tissues, particularly brain and spinal cord.
A Novel Asymmetric Route to the 1,3-Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinoline, (−)-Argemonine (1996)

Chiral bicyclic lactam 13 was converted to the natural product (-)-argemonine 9 in six steps. This novel route to argemonine represents a general strategy for the preparation of chiral 1,3-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Inositol trisphosphatase and bisphosphatase activities in the retina of crab (1988)

Inositol trisphosphate appears to be an excitatory second messenger in the transduction cascade of invertebrate visual photoreceptors. The high time-resolution of visual transduction demands an efficient system for the removal of the second messenger. It is now demonstrated that soluble extracts of crab retina promote rapid magnesium-dependent release of inorganic phosphate from D-myo-1,4,5,-inositol trisphosphate. Experiments in which the inositol trisphosphate had been labelled with 32P in the 4' and 5' positions indicated that both inositol trisphosphatase and bisphosphatase activities are present. The breakdown involves loss of at least one of the pair of vicinal phosphates, which is sufficient to inactivate the compound.
The Best of Polyoxometalates (2013)

Abstract An overview of the papers in this cluster issue is presented. “...Guest Editors Ulrich Kortz and Tianbo Liu provide a glimpse into the highlights of the many achievements of Michael Pope, who has been the most influential chemist in the field of polyoxometalates...” Read more by the Guest Editors on p. 1559.