gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-latency delivery of news-based video content (2018)

Nowadays, news-based websites and portals provide significant amounts of multimedia content to accompany news stories and articles. Within this context, HTTP Adaptive Streaming is generally used to deliver video over the best-effort Internet, allowing smooth video playback and a good Quality of Experience (QoE). To stimulate user engagement with the provided content, such as browsing and switching between videos, reducing the video's startup time has become more and more important: while the current median load time is in the order of seconds, research has shown that user waiting times must remain below two seconds to achieve an acceptable QoE. We developed a framework for low-latent delivery of news-related video content, integrating four optimizations either at server-side, client-side, or at the application layer. Using these optimizations, the video's startup time can be reduced significantly, allowing user interaction and fast switching between available content. In this paper, we describe a proof of concept of this framework, using a large dataset of a major Belgian news provider. A dashboard is provided, which allows the user to interact with available video content and assess the gains of the proposed optimizations. Particularly, we demonstrate how the proposed optimizations consistently reduce the video's startup time in different mobile network scenarios. These reductions allow the news provider to improve the user's QoE, reducing the startup time to values well below two seconds in different mobile network scenarios.
Connectivity dependent thermopower of bridged biphenyl molecules in single-molecule junctions (2020)

We report measurements on gold|single-molecule|gold junctions, using a modified scanning tunneling microscope-break junction (STM-BJ) technique, of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductance of a series of bridged biphenyl molecules, with meta connectivities to pyridyl anchor groups. These data are compared with a previously reported study of para-connected analogues. In agreement with a tight binding model, the electrical conductance of the meta series is relatively low and is sensitive to the nature of the bridging groups, whereas in the para case the conductance is higher and relatively insensitive to the presence of the bridging groups. This difference in sensitivity arises from the presence of destructive quantum interference in the π system of the unbridged aromatic core, which is alleviated to different degrees by the presence of bridging groups. More precisely, the Seebeck coefficient of meta-connected molecules was found to vary between -6.1 μV K<sup>-1</sup> and -14.1 μV K<sup>-1</sup>, whereas that of the para-connected molecules varied from -5.5 μV K<sup>-1</sup> and -9.0 μV K<sup>-1</sup>.
Sensitivity measurement and compensation in spectral imaging (2006)

Unlike intensity measurements made with conventional flow cytometers, object size impacts both dynamic range and fluorescence sensitivity in systems that utilize pixilated detection. Simultaneous imaging of alternate modalities can be employed to increase fluorescent sensitivity. Effective compensation of complex multimode imagery spanning six spectral bands is accomplished in a semi-automated manner.
Decoding network-mediated retinal response to electrical stimulation: implications for fidelity of prosthetic vision (2020)

<i>Objective</i>. Patients with photovoltaic subretinal implant PRIMA demonstrated letter acuity ∼0.1 logMAR worse than sampling limit for 100<i>μ</i>m pixels (1.3 logMAR) and performed slower than healthy subjects tested with equivalently pixelated images. To explore the underlying differences between natural and prosthetic vision, we compare the fidelity of retinal response to visual and subretinal electrical stimulation through single-cell modeling and ensemble decoding.<i>Approach</i>. Responses of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to optical or electrical white noise stimulation in healthy and degenerate rat retinas were recorded via multi-electrode array. Each RGC was fit with linear-nonlinear and convolutional neural network models. To characterize RGC noise, we compared statistics of spike-triggered averages (STAs) in RGCs responding to electrical or visual stimulation of healthy and degenerate retinas. At the population level, we constructed a linear decoder to determine the accuracy of the ensemble of RGCs on<i>N</i>-way discrimination tasks.<i>Main results</i>. Although computational models can match natural visual responses well (correlation ∼0.6), they fit significantly worse to spike timings elicited by electrical stimulation of the healthy retina (correlation ∼0.15). In the degenerate retina, response to electrical stimulation is equally bad. The signal-to-noise ratio of electrical STAs in degenerate retinas matched that of the natural responses when 78 ± 6.5% of the spikes were replaced with random timing. However, the noise in RGC responses contributed minimally to errors in ensemble decoding. The determining factor in accuracy of decoding was the number of responding cells. To compensate for fewer responding cells under electrical stimulation than in natural vision, more presentations of the same stimulus are required to deliver sufficient information for image decoding.<i>Significance</i>. Slower-than-natural pattern identification by patients with the PRIMA implant may be explained by the lower number of electrically activated cells than in natural vision, which is compensated by a larger number of the stimulus presentations.
Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency in Leigh's syndrome (1989)

Although an apparently generalized defect of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) occurs in many patients with subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's syndrome), the mode of inheritance in this disorder is not known. We transformed COX-deficient fibroblasts from a child with Leigh's syndrome with simian virus 40 to obtain cells with an infinite life span. These cells were still COX-deficient, grew normally in HAT medium, and were ouabain-sensitive. We fused these cells with a HAT-sensitive, ouabain-resistant variant of HeLa cells (HeLacot) and isolated surviving hybrid clones in ouabain-containing HAT medium. Prolonged cultivation of the hybrids was accompanied by preferential loss of HeLacot mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as determined by mtDNA restriction patterns of parental and hybrid cell DNA with the restriction endonuclease HaeII. COX activity was normal or higher than normal in hybrids, including the progeny of cell clones that had lost almost all the HeLacot mtDNA. These data demonstrate that COX deficiency in this Leigh's syndrome patient's cells was corrected by a nuclear DNA-encoded factor from the HeLacot parent and ruled out an mtDNA mutation as the basis for COX deficiency. This system can be used to determine whether different generalized mitochondrial disorders are due to mutations of nuclear or mtDNA.
A new technique to measure electroacoustic transducer directivity indices in reverberant fields (2002)

The paper presents a new method for measuring the directivity index of an electroacoustic transducer in a diffuse reverberant environment. The method that is proposed relies on the measurement of the spectral density variance of the transfer function between source and receiver. The method requires a measurement of the source/receiver transfer function, the distance between source and receiver, the directivity of either of the transducers, and an estimate of the room constant. A variant of the method eliminates the room constant variable. The modified method is a comparison technique that requires a known source and receiver directivity and the distance between source and receiver. The methods and their limitations are discussed for computer simulated rooms and actual measurements made in a reverberant room.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mutual coupling investigation between loop and two inverted‐L antennas operating below 1 GHz (2015)

To overcome antenna design challenges posed by the increasing number of frequency bands, the use of separate transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) narrow‐band antennas is proposed. In addition, a second Rx antenna is utilised for multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) application. While sufficiently low coupling between two antennas is important so as to gain the benifits of MIMO, this becomes even more challenging when considering coupling between three antennas. In this reported work, this is addressed by utilising a loop antenna as one of the three antennas, where the other two will be conventional inverted‐L antennas. The measurements show that low coupling is possible between all three antennas, while having low correlation between the two Rx antennas.
Cardiac Imaging in Patients With Ventricular Tachycardia (2017)

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death. The majority of malignant VTs occur in patients with structural heart disease. Multimodality imaging techniques play an integral role in determining the underlying etiology and prognostic significance of VT. In recent years, advances in imaging technology have enabled characterization of the structural arrhythmogenic substrate in patients with VT with increasing precision. In parallel with these advances, the role of cardiac imaging has expanded from a largely diagnostic tool to an adjunctive tool to guide interventional approaches for treatment of VT. Invasive and noninvasive imaging techniques, often used in combination, have made it possible to integrate structural and electrophysiological information during VT ablation procedures. An important area of current development is the use of noninvasive imaging techniques based on body surface electrocardiographic mapping to elucidate the mechanisms of VT. In the future, these techniques may provide a priori information on mechanisms of VT in patients undergoing interventional procedures. This review provides an overview of the role of cardiac imaging in patients with VT.
Facilitation and restoration of cognitive function in primate prefrontal cortex by a neuroprosthesis that utilizes minicolumn-specific neural firing (2012)

These findings provide the first successful application of neuroprosthesis in the primate brain designed specifically to restore or repair the disrupted cognitive function.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma in nuclear medicine: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects (2003)

Today, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with positron emission tomography and radioimmunotherapy include state-of-the-art nuclear medicine which require the cooperation between oncology and nuclear medicine. The benefit of FDG-PET in HL patients with residual tumor masses consists of its high negative predictive value in the therapy control of the disease. The concept of waitful watching in patients with PET-negative residual masses after BEACOPP-chemotherapy will be evaluated in a large multicenter trial of the GHSG (German Hodgkin Study Group). Radioimmunotherapy has been performed in patients with CD20-positive Non-Hodgkin lymphoma for 10 years with promising results. HL is also an excellent target for immunotherapy due to the expression of antigens such as CD25 and CD30. Thus, a new radioimmunoconstruct consisting of the murine anti-CD30 antibody Ki-4 labeled with iodine-131 was developed for patients with relapsed or refractory HL.
An Approach to the Design of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with Large Second Order Electronic Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility (1991)

Abstract Ferroelectric liquid crystal thin films in the Clark-Lagerwall surface-stabilized geometry exhibit well known spontaneous polar orientation of functional groups. The symmetry of the system thus allows the existence of bulk electronic second order nonlinear hyperpolarizability x(2) within thc context of the simple dipolar model. For all FLC materials examined to date, however, the magnitude of x(2) is small, presumably since the particular functional group arrays oriented along the polar axis possess small molecular hyperpolarizdbility β. Using the Boulder Model for the molecular origins of the polar order occurring in FLC films, it is possible to design materials with functionalized aromatic rings oriented along the polar axis of the film. Since such functional arrays may show respectable values of β, it should be possible to obtain FIX films (both low molecular weight and polymeric) with useful magnitude of x(2) using this approach. Results of initial experiments aimed at design of FLC materials with large x(2) will be described.
An Integrated Inductive Power Transfer System Design With a Variable Inductor for Misalignment Tolerance and Battery Charging Applications (2020)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology is useful for electric vehicle (EV) charging because of safe, flexible, and convenient features. In this paper, an integrated IPT system design employing variable inductor control is proposed to achieve a target constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) battery charging profile with misalignment tolerance. The system is implemented under a fixed switching frequency in both CC and CV modes. Soft switching of the primary inverter can be achieved over the entire charging process and allowed misalignment range without additional switches or dc-dc converters. Theoretical circuit analysis and the system design process are presented. A 3.3-kW prototype is implemented with a 210-mm air gap to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the target CC and CV charging profile can be achieved by adjusting the variable inductor with up to 120 mm of lateral and 300 mm of vertical misalignment. The maximum efficiency of the proposed system is 96.1% at full output power and stays above 95% throughout CC operation.
Common Infectious Agents and Monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study among Healthy Adults (2012)

Overall, these findings suggest that exposure to infectious agents leading to serious clinical manifestations in the patient or its surroundings may trigger immune events leading to MBL. This exploratory study provides initial insights and directions for future research related to MBL, a potential precursor of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Further work is warranted to confirm these findings.
Experience of the National Cancer Institute (USA) in the treatment and biology of small cell lung cancer. (1982)

This retrospective study deals with 168 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who were treated at the NCI March 1973 and July 1977 with intensive chemotherapy. Results showed that 12 per cent of all the patients were disease-free for more than 40 months (25% of the limited disease and 3% of the extended stage disease patients which were treated. Complete remission was essential to prolonged survival. The development of a complete remission was favored by a satisfactory initial general condition, localised disease or presence of only one site of metastatic disease. Initial treatment included the following combinations: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and CCNU. High doses are necessary. However, above a certain level, the toxicity increased without a corresponding increment in activity. Addition of another association without cross-resistance (vincristine-adriamycine-natulan or VP-16 and isophosphamide) may induce a complete remission in cases where only a partial remission was obtained initially. In limited disease, radiotherapy seemed to prolong disease-free survival. This lead the authors to study the use of initial radiotherapy, at the rate of 40 grays in 3 weeks in 15 fractions, at the same time as chemotherapy. The radiotherapist must take certain precautions in the use of this double treatment: reshaped fields and insertion of a spinal cord block above 2 000 rads. In extended disease, thoracic irradiation seemed to be of no benefit. Pilot studies are not underway using intensive chemotherapy with multiple tumor site irradiation and autologous marrow implants 48 per cent of all patients with SCLC will develop cerebral metastatic disease (44% intracranial, 13% leptomeningeal, 9% epidural). At 30 months, 75 percent of those who did not receive prophylactic irradiation developed cerebral disease whereas only 40 per cent of the patients who received a prophylactic dose of 30 grays developed cerebral disease. Inspite of the indisputable but incomplete local benefit of prophylactic brain irradiation, it did not prolong survival. Important biological studies are underway at the NCI. - Cell clone cultures have been established. These were enhanced by the addition of arginine vasopressive (AVP) and bombesine. These two substances may be considered as markers of APUD system and are secreted by the SCLC. Bombesine has been isolated in all the cultures tested. This possible marker was perhaps responsible for the anorexia and cachexia in these patients. - These cultures have allowed for identification of deletion 3p (14-23) chromosome anomalies in all the samples examined. - In vitro chemotherapy studies of these cultures have been carried out. Their correlation with clinical results were encouraging (100% negative p/n; 75% positive p/n). - Lastly, monoclonal AC have been prepared. Inspite of their imperfect specificity and heterogeneity with regard to tumor cells, their potential advantages were considerable.
Simultaneous ranging and velocimetry of fast moving targets using oppositely chirped pulses from a mode-locked laser (2011)

A lidar system based on the coherent detection of oppositely chirped pulses generated using a 20 MHz mode locked laser and chirped fiber Bragg gratings is presented. Sub millimeter resolution ranging is performed with > 25 dB signal to noise ratio. Simultaneous, range and Doppler velocity measurements are experimentally demonstrated using a target moving at > 330 km/h inside the laboratory.
Field demonstration of distributed Raman amplification with 3.8-dB Q-improvement for 5 x 120-km transmission (2001)

The benefits of distributed Raman amplification are demonstrated in a buried cabled field fiber. The performance improvement of 3.8 dB was achieved in a 5/spl times/120-km 10-Gb/s transmission experiment using 650-mW Raman amplification in each span without apparent damage to the fiber plant. The field results are compared to a similar laboratory experiment using a fusion-spliced fiber to evaluate the effect of finite optical reflections from nonfusion splices in the field fiber.
Subcommissural Organ-Spondin-Derived Peptide Restores Memory in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of older people worldwide and is characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, including learning and memory. There are currently very few approved treatments (i.e., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil), all of which are limited to the symptomatic control of AD and are associated with side effects that may result in discontinuation of treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop disease-modifying treatments to prevent AD-induced cognitive deficits. Subcommissural organ (SCO)-spondin is a brain-specific glycoprotein produced during embryogenesis and has a substantial impact on neuronal development. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the protective effects of the linear (NX210) and cyclized (NX210c) forms of a SCO-spondin-derived peptide on learning and memory in a mouse model of AD. Mice received an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ<sub>25</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>35</sub> oligomers and were subsequently treated with intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, NX210 or NX210c of different doses (ranging from 0.1 to 30 mg/kg) and therapy paradigms (early or late stand-alone treatments, combination with donepezil or second-line treatment). Cognitive function was evaluated using Y-Maze, step-through latency passive avoidance (STPA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests for up to 4 months. Early stage daily treatment with NX210 and NX210c decreased the levels of common pathological markers and features of AD, including Aβ<sub>1</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>42</sub>, phosphorylated-tau, inflammation, astrogliosis and lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, use of these drugs increased the levels of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein 95. Regardless of the experimental paradigm used, NX210 and NX210c prevented Aβ<sub>25</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>35</sub>-induced decrease in spontaneous alternations (Y-Maze) and step-through latency into the dark compartment (STPA), and Aβ<sub>25</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>35</sub>-induced increase in time needed to locate the immersed platform during the learning phase and decrease in time spent in the target quadrant during the retention phase (MWM). Interestingly, this study provides the novel evidence that the native and oxidized cyclic forms of the SCO-spondin-derived peptide reduce pathological factors associated with AD and restore learning and memory at both early and late disease stages. Overall, this study sheds light on the therapeutic potential of this innovative disease-modifying peptide to restore memory function in patients with AD.
Wavefront Matching Method Based on Full-Vector Finite-Element Beam Propagation Method for Polarization Control Devices (2017)

We developed a wavefront matching (WFM) method based on the full-vector finite-element beam propagation method (BPM). The WFM method is one of the optimization algorithms based on BPM, and it can deterministically design optimum waveguide structures from desired characteristics. The developed WFM method can be applied to optical waveguides with high refractive-index contrast and polarization control devices, which require full-vector analysis. In this paper, the principle and design procedure of the full-vector WFM method are described. Its validity and effectiveness are demonstrated by designing polarization control devices, such as a polarization converter based on a vertical asymmetric taper waveguide and a polarization splitter-rotator based on taper and Y-branch waveguides.
Chirp-free tunable PMD compensation using Hi-Bi nonlinearly-chirped FBGs in a dual-pass configuration (2002)

We demonstrate chirp-free tunable PMD compensation for a l0 Gbit/s signal by using an adjustable high-birefringence nonlinearly-chirped FBG in a novel dual-pass configuration that significantly reduces the chirp induced by the FBG. We show PMD compensation with tunability from 250 to 600 ps in which the power penalty due to fiber dispersion in a 45 km link interacting with the FBG induced chirp is reduced from 4 to 0.5 dB.