gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission of many WDM channels through a cascade of EDFA's in long-distance links and ring networks (1995)

We analyze the transmission of many wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels through a cascade of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) in both long-distance links and ring-based networks. For a megameter long-distance system, optimal operating conditions are found for achieving a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per channel with as small an SNR differential as possible between 20 WDM channels spaced 0.5 nm apart. Critical issues addressed in this paper include: (a) the non-uniformity of the EDFA gain with wavelength: (b) the link loss between amplifiers; (c) the small-signal gain per amplifier; and (d) the input signal power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Acquisition of urine, kidney and submandibular gland epidermal growth factor responsiveness to thyroxine administration in neonatal mice (1985)

Thyroxine (T4) administration to newborn mice on days 0-6 produced no measurable changes of submandibular gland (SMG) or kidney epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations on day 7, compared with vehicle-treated control pups. By contrast, this regimen caused a large increase in urine EGF levels. The effects of three T4 injection regimens (on days 0-6, 7-14 and 0-14) were then studied on day 15. The 0-14 and 7-14 day-regimens elicited large increments in urine, SMG and kidney EGF concentration, the 0-14 day-regimen having the greatest effect. The 0-6 day-regimen had no effect on SMG and kidney EGF concentrations on day 15 but did increase urine EGF. In summary, urine EGF responsiveness to T4 is present during the first week of life, but SMG and kidney EGF responsiveness develops only in the second week. Administration of T4 appears to accelerate the normal ontogeny of urine, kidney and SMG EGF.
C1-Cx revisited: intramolecular synergism in a cellulase. (1994)

Endoglucanase A (CenA) from the bacterium Cellulomonas fimi is composed of a catalytic domain and a nonhydrolytic cellulose-binding domain that can function independently. The individual domains interact synergistically in the disruption and hydrolysis of cellulose fibers. This intramolecular synergism is distinct from the well-known intermolecular synergism between individual cellulases. The catalytic domain corresponds to the hydrolytic Cx system and the cellulose-binding domain corresponds to the nonhydrolytic C1 system postulated by Reese et al. [Reese, E. T., Sui, R. G. H. & Levinson, H. S. (1950) J. Bacteriol. 59, 485-497] to be required for the hydrolysis of cellulose.
Final Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S (2022)

A single dose of Ad26.COV2.S provided 52.9% protection against moderate to severe-critical Covid-19. Protection varied according to variant; higher protection was observed against severe Covid-19, medical intervention, and death than against other end points and lasted for 6 months or longer. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development and others; ENSEMBLE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04505722.).
TRPV1 antagonists: a survey of the patent literature (2006)

The recent cloning of vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) from multiple species, together with published results showing efficacy of TRPV1 antagonists in animal models of pain, has led to substantial patenting activity by several major pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions. This review is focused on the patent literature related to non-peptidic small molecule TRPV1 antagonists. A total of 105 published patent applications claiming TRPV1 antagonists are reviewed during 2002 – 2005. Human clinical trials using TRPV1 antagonists are in the earliest stages and interest in this approach toward the treatment of various pain conditions appears to be growing annually.
Scaling the Performance of Micro-Fans (2003)

Pumping of liquids and gases in micro fluidic systems has been the focus of much attention in recent times. Miniaturisation of traditional rotating pumps such as axial and radial flow designs, has been limited by the fabrication techniques employed. As a result of these limitations, the geometry of the majority of rotating micro pumps has been two-dimensional. This paper addresses issues of scaling in micro axial flow fans. The anticipated primary application will be in cooling compact electronic systems, but the results are applicable to a much wider range of pumping applications. Using novel fabrication techniques a series of geometrically similar three dimensional fans were fabricated, ranging in size from the macro to the micro scale. Experimental techniques are described which will be used for the characterisation of these fans. A scaling analysis is used to show how reduced fan scale causes increased local loss as fan dimensions are reduced to the micro scale. Numerical simulations of flow in the channels between the fan blades were performed to investigate the validity of the scaling theory, the results of which give confidence in the scaling analysis. The fundamental finding of this work is that a reduction in scale is accompanied by a reduction in efficiency and thus fan performance.
Finding Competence Regions in Domain Generalization (2023)

We investigate a "learning to reject" framework to address the problem of silent failures in Domain Generalization (DG), where the test distribution differs from the training distribution. Assuming a mild distribution shift, we wish to accept out-of-distribution (OOD) data from a new domain whenever a model's estimated competence foresees trustworthy responses, instead of rejecting OOD data outright. Trustworthiness is then predicted via a proxy incompetence score that is tightly linked to the performance of a classifier. We present a comprehensive experimental evaluation of existing proxy scores as incompetence scores for classification and highlight the resulting trade-offs between rejection rate and accuracy gain. For comparability with prior work, we focus on standard DG benchmarks and consider the effect of measuring incompetence via different learned representations in a closed versus an open world setting. Our results suggest that increasing incompetence scores are indeed predictive of reduced accuracy, leading to significant improvements of the average accuracy below a suitable incompetence threshold. However, the scores are not yet good enough to allow for a favorable accuracy/rejection trade-off in all tested domains. Surprisingly, our results also indicate that classifiers optimized for DG robustness do not outperform a naive Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) baseline in the competence region, that is, where test samples elicit low incompetence scores.
Side-specific diagnostic of lung ventilation and perfusion using functional matrix-pencil decomposition (MP-)MRI versus global lung function tests in children with congential diaphragmatic hernia (2023)

Background In patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) the exact functional outcome of the affected lung side is still unknown, mainly due to the lack of spatially resolved diagnostic tools. Functional matrix-pencil decomposition (MP-) lung MRI could fill this gap as it measures side-specific ventilation and perfusion.
Conformational studies of the phosphazenyl side chain in cyclophosphazenes. Part 3. Crystal and molecular structure of N3P3Cl4(NEt2)(NPPh3) (1981)

The crystal structure of N3P3Cl4(NEt2)(NPPh3) has been determined. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pbca, with a= 8.208(1), b= 21.890(1), c= 31.722(2)Å, Z= 8, and m.p. = 146.5 °C. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to a final R value of 0.045 for 2 025 independent reflections. The analysis reveals significant variations in the ring P–N bond lengths. The two nitrogenous substituents, NPPh3 and NEt2, reside on the same phosphorus atom. The latter, NEt2, has an almost exact type II conformation (the plane NC2 almost perpendicular to the local NPN plane)(the first observed for a dialkylamino-group in cyclophosphazenes), the former, NPPh3, deviates from type II towards type III (in type III the plane Pring–N–Pexo makes an angle of ca. 45° with the local N–P–N ring plane). The present structure is compared with others of triphenylphosphazenyl-cyclophosphazenes and the conformation of the NPPh3 substituent and its electron supply in the ground and perturbed states are discussed.
Keyhole Effect in MIMO Wireless Channels: Measurements and Theory (2006)

It has been predicted theoretically that for some environments, the capacity of wireless multiple-input multiple-output systems can become very low even for uncorrelated signals; this effect has been termed "keyhole" or "pinhole". In this paper the first unique measurements of this effect are presented. The measurements were performed in a controlled indoor environment that was designed to obtain a keyhole channel. We analyze limitations due to measurement imperfections for measurement-based capacity calculations and keyhole investigations. We further present a bound for the higher eigenmodes as a function of the finite measurement signal-to-noise ratio and multipath component leakage. The bound is compared to the measurement results and shows excellent agreement. Finally, we analyze the envelope distribution and, as expected from theory, it follows a double-Rayleigh distribution
Single Crystal and Gas Phase Raman Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry (1971)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Single Crystal Laser Raman Spectroscopy Gas Phase Raman Spectroscopy Experimental Techniques of Single Crystal Laser Raman Spectroscopy Experimental Techniques of Gas Phase Laser Raman Spectroscopy Vibrational Assignment—Structure Determination Structural Changes in Different Phases Equilibria in the Gas Phase Polarization Data Free or Hindered Intramolecular Rotation A. Resonance Raman and Resonance Fluorescence Effects
Identification of reference genes in lung cancer from RNA-seq data (2017)

<b>Introduction:</b> Gene expression analysis need to use reference genes (RGs) to normalize the measurements. Ideally, a RG should be expressed in the same degree in all the studied tissues, that is why housekeeping genes usually are used. But it has been demonstrated that they are less invariant than what was thought. <b>Objectives:</b> To find a set of RGs in lung cancer. <b>Methods:</b> RNA-seq reads of healthy and tumoral samples from EGA (17 patients with small-cell lung cancer [SCLC]) and NCBI (50 patients with adenocarcinoma lung cancer) repositories were downloaded. Reads were processed with a novel algorithm developed by us based on the coefficient of variation (CV) to select the genes with a CV lower than 15% or 20%, and whose number of reads per transcript was higher than 10,000. Hence, the most stable RGs having the highest expression level were selected. <b>Results:</b> Using 10,000 reads and CV &lt; 15% as filter, 7 genes in adenocarcinoma and 3 in SCLC were considered RGs. Using CV &lt; 20%, 459 RGs were found in adenocarcinoma and 21 in SCLC. If we mix all samples then we find 27 genes with CV &lt; 20% and only 1 with CV &lt; 15%. Those RGs contained some already known RGs for other cancers, like the ZNF26 and ZNF556 (zinc finger proteins). <b>Conclusions:</b> The set of reference genes has been extended in two lung cancers, which makes more detailed expression analysis possible.
Discovery of Selective Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitors with Memory Enhancing Properties (2017)

A series of potent thienotriazolopyrimidinone-based PDE1 inhibitors was discovered. X-ray crystal structures of example compounds from this series in complex with the catalytic domain of PDE1B and PDE10A were determined, allowing optimization of PDE1B potency and PDE selectivity. Reduction of hERG affinity led to greater than a 3000-fold selectivity for PDE1B over hERG. 6-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-9-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl)-8,9,10,11-tetrahydropyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one was identified as an orally bioavailable and brain penetrating PDE1B enzyme inhibitor with potent memory-enhancing effects in a rat model of object recognition memory.
Storing Light on Chip: Breaking the Delay-Bandwidth Limit (2007)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Lipson, "Storing Light on Chip: Breaking the Delay-Bandwidth Limit," in Integrated Photonics and Nanophotonics Research and Applications / Slow and Fast Light, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2007), paper SMB3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Expandable grids for visualizing and authoring computer security policies (2008)

We introduce the Expandable Grid, a novel interaction technique for creating, editing, and viewing many types of security policies. Security policies, such as file permissions policies, have traditionally been displayed and edited in user interfaces based on a list of rules, each of which can only be viewed or edited in isolation. These list-of-rules interfaces cause problems for users when multiple rules interact, because the interfaces have no means of conveying the interactions amongst rules to users. Instead, users are left to figure out these rule interactions themselves. An Expandable Grid is an interactive matrix visualization designed to address the problems that list-of-rules interfaces have in conveying policies to users. This paper describes the Expandable Grid concept, shows a system using an Expandable Grid for setting file permissions in the Microsoft Windows XP operating system, and gives results of a user study involving 36 participants in which the Expandable Grid approach vastly outperformed the native Windows XP file-permissions interface on a broad range of policy-authoring tasks.
Association of PI-RADS categories and PSA density with active surveillance progression in patients with prostate cancer. (2020)

293 Background: Active surveillance (AS) is now considered a well-accepted alternative for low-favorable intermediate risk prostate cancer over definitive therapy. Few studies have incorporated the use of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) into the treatment paradigm. In this study we investigate imaging findings that are predictive of a patient dropping off AS. Methods: Our institutional database was queried for all patients who met criteria for active surveillance from 11/2003 to 5/2017. Criteria for inclusion included ≥ 2 mpMRIs, ≥ 2 prostate biopsies, and a diagnosis of Gleason Grade group (GG) 1 or higher. Patients were excluded if they received any other therapy for the treatment of their prostate cancer such as radiation, chemotherapy, focal therapy, or immunologic therapy. Patient demographics, mpMRI, biopsy and most recent follow-up data were recorded. Factors, including PSA density (PSAD), PSA, lesion size, and PI-RADS category, associated with AS progression were evaluated in Cox Proportional Hazards Model. Results: An analysis of a total of 212 patients were performed during the study time interval. 88 patients were dropped from AS during this time and of those patients the median amount of time before removal was 4.70 years (range, 0.7-10.5). On univariable analysis, PI-RADS category (HR, 1.302 for every increase in 1 unit of the PI-RADS category; 95% CI, 1.046-1.62, p = 0.01) and PSAD (HR, 4.98 for every increase in 0.001 ng/mL/cc; 95% CI, 2.127-11.66; p &lt; 0.001) were found to be associated with being removed from AS. On multivariable analysis, both PI-RADS score (HR, 1.281 for every increase in 1 unit of the PI-RADS category; 95% CI, 1.025-1.6; p = 0.003) and PSAD (HR, 4.188 for every increase in 0.001 ng/mL/cc; 95% CI, 1.640-10.7; p &lt; 0.001) remained associated with being removed from AS. Conclusions: PI-RADS categories and PSAD predict the risk of a patient to drop off active surveillance. AS. Patients with these criteria should be considered high risk in any current AS protocol.[Table: see text]
Front Cover: Nonprecious‐metal Fe/N/C Catalysts Prepared from π‐Expanded Fe Salen Precursors toward an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ChemCatChem 4/2018) (2018)

The Front Cover illustrates the preparation of the Fe/N/C catalysts by pyrolysis of π-expanded Fe(Salen) precursors for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In their Full Paper, Y. Tanaka et al. demonstrate that the ligand frameworks of the precursors significantly affect the content of pyridinic N and the structure of atomically-dispersed Fe active sites in Fe/N/C catalysts. Atomically-dispersed Fe active sites with a high content of pyridinic N promote the efficient four-electron reduction of dioxygen. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Y. Tanaka et al. on page 743 in Issue 4, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701629).
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Transportation (2022)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at a breakneck pace presenting unprecedented prospects to improve the performance of various industries and enterprises, including the transportation sector. Transportation planning and operation gives opportunity to meet the demand for safe, cheap, convenient, and sustainable movement of people and products. AI in transportation is urgently needed to handle the challenges of increased travel demand, CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> emissions, and traffic safety. Cities around the world are experiencing transportation related issues such as traffic congestion, accidents, and air pollution as a result of population growth. AI in transportation can collect traffic data in order to alleviate traffic congestion and improve public transport scheduling. This paper provides an overview of the use of AI in transportation, with a focus on transportation management, planning and control, intelligent parking monitoring for rapid location, and accident avoidance. The importance of road condition monitoring for increased safety, self-driving cars for increased reliability, and traffic flow analysis for increased efficiency are also discussed. Future trends and challenges of using AI in transportation are also examined.
Catalysis for Fine Chemicals (2021)

A wide range of chemical products (especially fine chemicals) are important for a healthy and enjoyable modern life; therefore efficient syntheses of these materials are essential. Traditional stoichiometric processes need to be replaced by modern catalytical methods in the change to sustainable chemistry and the production of lower amounts of waste. This book summarizes the wide variety of catalytic methods that have been developed and applied on an industrial scale in recent years to fulfill this goal. The synthesis of compound classes such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavoring, and fragrance compounds as well as food additives such as vitamins exemplify the use of these modern catalytic methods in the modern chemical industry.
High-Performance Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition (2018)

This letter reports the fabrication of high-performance amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) via atomic layer deposition at a substrate temperature of 250 °C. The film thickness of In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , and ZnO varied linearly with the number of deposition cycles. The cation composition of the IGZO film was controlled by an alternate stacking of In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , and ZnO atomic layers. The fabricated a-IGZO TFTs exhibited a high electron mobility of 22.1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs, threshold voltage of 2.41 V, subthreshold gate swing of 0.30 V/decade, and an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&gt; \textsf {1} \times \textsf {10}^{\textsf {8}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
Ett framgångsrikt team skapas inte av en tillfällighet - det lär sig med tiden att prestera enastående resultat : En fenomenografisk studie om kollektivt lärande i team inom offentlig verksamhet (2014)

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka medarbetarnas syn på lärande genom att belysa de förutsättningar som skapar lärande i den studerade kontexten. Studien är förlagd på en serviceenhet i förvaltningen Regionservice inom den offentliga organisationen Västra Götalandsregionen. En tidigare genomförd medarbetarenkät ligger till grund för denna studie och utifrån enkätens svar valdes en serviceenhet ut, då denna enhet påvisade goda resultat inom kategorierna lärande i arbetslivet, socialt klimat och återkoppling. För att besvara syftet har kvalitativ metod använts och 17 stycken intervjuer har genomförts. Vi som studenter har inspirerats av en fenomenografisk ansats och det insamlade materialet har således analyserats med inspiration från fenomenografins sju analyssteg. Resultatet visar att respondenterna uppfattar lärandet och dess förutsättningar på olika sätt, men att det samtidigt finns gemensamma karaktärsdrag i uppfattningarna. Det öppna klimatet och den goda sammanhållningen i teamen anses av majoriteten skapa ett bra arbetsklimat. Det visade sig även att teamarbete som arbetssätt var en förutsättning för det kollektiva lärandet på de studerade arbetsplatserna
Analysis of power losses in power MOSFET based stacked polyphase bridges converters (2016)

The ability to accurately predict power semiconductor losses is essential for converter design and can provide a reference for thermal management. Based on a stacked polyphase bridges converter, a simplified but accurate loss model is used in this paper to calculate the power losses of power MOSFETs and experimentally verified. A special focus of the analysis is the ringing loss calculation since it is inevitable in the switching process of power MOSFETs. In addition, this paper presents a comparison of power losses between Si MOSFET and GaN FET based converters by using the analytical model.
Brain Imaging Methodologies (2013)

Neuroimaging allows the study of psychiatric and neurological disorders on a systems level. It contains many sub-modalities that can reflect different aspects of brain anatomy, physiology, and function. Collectively, they provide a powerful toolbox for researchers and clinician to better understand the neurobiology of the disease and improve diagnosis. The greatest advantage of neuroimaging is that most modalities can be performed noninvasively, thereby it represents the most direct means to “look” inside the brain in living humans. This chapter focuses on several emerging neuroimaging methodologies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography (PET) that are capable of making a major impact in the understanding, diagnostics and treatment monitoring of mental illness in the coming years.