gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Deflection (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Current transformer selection techniques for low-voltage motor control centers (2016)

This paper provides a clear set of procedures and equations to follow in optimal current transformer selection for low-voltage motor control centers. Methods of using protective relay settings to minimize current transformer cost and size are also shared. The selection criteria are explained from the fundamental principles of operation of a current transformer and a protective relaying device. This paper shows how the current transformer ratio, voltage knee points, and relay protection elements can be selected together simultaneously to provide a low-cost, high-performance system. This paper describes a case study in which the authors developed a simplified set of current transformer selection criteria for compact IEC low-voltage motor-control center drawers at a large oil and gas field in Central Asia.
Scalable interconnect and power distribution for island-style FPGAs (poster abstract) (2000)

No abstract available.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF RHODIUM(II) CARBOXYLATES WITH ADENOSINE 5′‐MONO‐, 5′‐DI‐, AND 5′‐TRIPHOSPHATES (1976)

Abstract Rh(II)‐acetat, ‐propionat und ‐methoxyacetat bilden mit den Adenosinphosphaten in wäßriger Lösung bei physiologischem pH‐Wert die 1:1‐ und 1:2‐Komplexe (I) unter Farbänderung.
Fundamental Impact of Humidity on SOFC Cathode ORR (2015)

Although solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have demonstrated excellent performance, the durability of SOFCs under real working conditions is still an issue for commercial deployment. In particular cathode exposure to atmospheric air contaminants, such as humidity, can result in long-term performance degradation issues. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the interaction between water molecules and cathodes is essential to resolve this issue and further enhance cathode durability. In order to study the effects of humidity on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), we used in-situ <sup>18</sup>O isotope exchange techniques to probe the exchange of water with two of themost common SOFC cathode materials, (La<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>0.95</sub>MnO<sub>3±δ</sub> (LSM) and La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> (LSCF). In this experiment, heavy water, D<sub>2</sub>O (with a mass/charge ratio of m/z = 20), is used to avoid the overlapping of H<sub>2</sub>O and the <sup>18</sup>O<sub>2</sub> cracking fraction, which both provide a peak at m/z = 18. A series of temperature programmed isotope exchange measurements were performed to comprehensively study the interaction of water with the cathode surface as a function of temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and water vapor concentration. The results suggest that water and O<sub>2</sub> share the same surface exchange sites, leading to competitive adsorption. Our findings show that water prefers to exchange with LSCF at lower temperatures, around 300–450°C. For LSM, O<sub>2</sub> is more favorable than water to be adsorbed on the surface and the presence of O<sub>2</sub> limits water exchange. The experimental data are summarized in a Temperature-PO<sub>2</sub> diagram to help visualize how the exchange of water on each material depends on the operating conditions.
Recurrent trichosporonosis with central nervous system involvement in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient (2016)

Trichosporon is an ubiquitous yeast that has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen in the immunocompromised host. We describe a case of invasive trichosporonosis in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipient while on caspofungin antifungal prophylaxis. She developed disseminated trichosporonosis in the pre-engraftment period and was successfully treated with voriconazole. She later developed 2 further episodes of invasive trichosporonosis involving the central nervous system. This case highlights the challenges of managing trichosporonosis in allo-HSCT recipients and suggests the need for lifelong therapy in some patients.
The Arabidopsis Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor–Like Kinases BAK1/SERK3 and BKK1/SERK4 Are Required for Innate Immunity to Hemibiotrophic and Biotrophic Pathogens (2011)

Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) constitutes an important layer of innate immunity in plants. The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases EF-TU RECEPTOR (EFR) and FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2) are the PRRs for the peptide PAMPs elf18 and flg22, which are derived from bacterial EF-Tu and flagellin, respectively. Using coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, we demonstrated that EFR and FLS2 undergo ligand-induced heteromerization in planta with several LRR receptor-like kinases that belong to the SOMATIC-EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) family, including BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1/SERK3 (BAK1/SERK3) and BAK1-LIKE1/SERK4 (BKK1/SERK4). Using a novel bak1 allele that does not exhibit pleiotropic defects in brassinosteroid and cell death responses, we determined that BAK1 and BKK1 cooperate genetically to achieve full signaling capability in response to elf18 and flg22 and to the damage-associated molecular pattern AtPep1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BAK1 and BKK1 contribute to disease resistance against the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the obligate biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Our work reveals that the establishment of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) relies on the rapid ligand-induced recruitment of multiple SERKs within PRR complexes and provides insight into the early PTI signaling events underlying this important layer of plant innate immunity.
Biomechanics of Patellofemoral Pain (2009)

Patellofemoral pain typically arises during activities that place high loads across the knee joint. Abnormal patellofemoral joint motions are thought to cause pain in some subjects by increasing patellofemoral joint cartilage and bone stress. To effectively treat this disorder a better understanding of the joint mechanics is needed. PURPOSE: To identify potential causes of abnormal joint motion in subjects with patellofemoral pain. METHODS: Real-time MRI implemented on a 0.5T Signa SP open-MRI scanner was used to image the patellofemoral joints of 13 pain-free females and 23 females diagnosed with patellofemoral pain. Images were acquired while subjects performed weight-bearing knee flexion/extension from 0 to 60° of knee flexion at a rate of 6 to 10°/s. Measurements of axial-plane patellar translation and patellar tilt were obtained from the images. The sulcus angle at 0° of knee flexion was also measured. RESULTS: On average, subjects with patellofemoral pain exhibited greater lateral translation and tilt of the patella compared to the pain-free subjects; however, there was substantial variation in kinematics among patients with patellofemoral pain. In 30% of the pain subjects, the translation of the patella was no different from the pain-free subjects, while in 50% of the pain subjects the patellar tilt was no different from the pain-free subjects. The sulcus angle at 0° of knee flexion in the subjects with either abnormal translation or rotation of the patella (158±12°) was larger than that of the pain-free subjects (147±10°) and that of the pain subjects with normal kinematics (148±8°, p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: It is likely that there are different subgroups of patients with patellofemoral pain and abnormal weight-bearing kinematics may be a mechanism of pain in only some patients. The causes of abnormal joint motion must be identified before effective treatments can be developed. Our results suggest that a greater sulcus angle at 0° (indicative of a more shallow and less constraining trochlear groove) may be related to increased lateral translation and lateral tilt of the patella during weight-bearing knee extension. Future work will use finite element models to evaluate the effects of deep and shallow sulcus angles on cartilage and bone stress at the patellofemoral joint.
MRI and Clinical Findings in Rhombencephalosynapsis (1993)

Rhombencephalosynapsis is an unusual disorder characterized predominantly by agenesis/hypogenesis of the cerebellar vermis and fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. Three cases are reported with emphasis on the MRI and clinical findings. Discussion of the relative importance of the cerebellar anomalies and associated supratentorial abnormalities is included.
Heat shock transcription of the groESL operon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens may involve a hairpin-loop structure (1993)

The groESL operon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was cloned and sequenced and found to be highly homologous to previously analyzed groE operons in nucleotides of the coding region and in amino acid sequence. Transcription of this operon in A. tumefaciens was considerably stimulated by heat shock. Primer extension analysis revealed that the groE transcripts from cells under heat shock were initiated from the same promoter (a sigma-70-like promoter) as transcripts from untreated cells, and no sequence homology with the Escherichia coli heat shock promoters was observed. The DNA sequence downstream of the transcription start site contains an inverted repeat that has a strong similarity to other groESL operons of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (such as cyanobacteria and chlamydiae). This conserved region is thought to form a hairpin-loop structure and may play a role in gene regulation during heat shock.
Análise das microdeleções do cromossomo Y em homens inférteis com Azoospermia ou Oligozoospermia severa idiopática (2008)

As microdeleções do cromossomo Y são a causa genética mais comum da infertilidade masculina e o fator etiológico de 10-15% nos casos de azoospermia ou oligozoospermia severa idiopática, um problema de saúde no Brasil. Dezessete amostras de homens com azoospermia ou oligozoospermia severa com infertilidade idiopática foram coletadas e caracterizadas molecularmente com relação às microdeleções no locus AZFc em Yq. O DNA foi extraído a partir de sangue total, amplificado por meio da técnica de PCR utilizando-se marcadores (STS) e visualizado em géis de poliacrilamida. Três pacientes (17,65%) apresentaram microdeleções e eram todos azoospérmicos. Com este estudo pode-se confirmar que a infertilidade masculina nos casos de azoospermia ou oligozoospermia severa com uma causa desconhecida está associada à microdeleção do cromossomo Y. Os estudos futuros devem focalizar em compreender a função biológica de genes de AZFc que é uma etapa essencial para o desenvolvimento de terapias mais apropriadas e na expansão do conhecimento da infertilidade masculina.
Mapping van der Waals forces with frequency modulation dynamic force microscopy (2006)

Nanometre-size gold clusters supported on MoS(2)(0001) are investigated by means of ultrahigh-vacuum frequency modulation dynamic force microscopy. Topography and frequency shift images are simultaneously obtained using the average tunnelling current to regulate the tip-substrate distance. Two families of clusters are observed, giving different frequency shift images. While the topographic and frequency shift profiles have similar shapes on small clusters (size [Formula: see text] nm), they are quite different near the top of large clusters (size [Formula: see text] nm): the topographic profile is rounded, but the frequency shift profile exhibits rather steep edges and a depression near the centre of the island. It is demonstrated that these differences result from the finite range of van der Waals forces. On small islands, the frequency shift is dominated by the interaction of the tip with the substrate. On large islands, it is dominated by the interaction with the island. The particular observed shape results from the geometry of the island. These interpretations are comforted by analytical and numerical calculations. In particular, the characteristic shape of the frequency shift profiles on large islands can be reproduced by introducing realistic parameters and considering only the contribution of van der Waals forces.
Cherenkov phase-matched terahertz wave generation using ridge-type waveguide (2013)

We present efficient terahertz (THz)-wave generation from waveguide propagation using Cherenkov-type radiation with non-linear optical (NLO) crystal. This approach presented the following advantages: 1) many crystals can be used as THz-wave emitters; 2) It is not necessary to satisfy the phase matching condition inside crystal. and 3) THz wave generation is not suppressed by the absorption in the crystal. We demonstrated THz generation using a ridge-type LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> waveguide with a thickness of 3.8 μm. We obtained THz-wave generation with an ideal temporal half-cycle pulse and a wide tuning range, which is applied to reflection tomography imaging.
A Preliminary CFD Investigation of In-Cylinder Stratified EGR for Spark Ignition Engines (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;High exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) tolerance is always pursued not only for its advantages of the pumping loss reduction and fuel economy benefit, but also for stringent emission requirements by using conventional three-way catalytic converter (TWC) instead of costly NOx trap. How to keep fresh charge and EGR separated in the cylinder of a conventional four valve gasoline engine is a critical challenge. This work establishes advanced user subroutines and overall simulation strategies to model engine in-cylinder turbulent flow, temperature, pressure, and EGR concentration fields and to simulate EGR stratification process in a typical pent-roof gasoline engine cylinder during intake and compression strokes.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies - combustion dome, ports, valve and valve mask configurations, EGR tolerances, swirl ratio, boundary and initial conditions, etc., have been conducted to relate the “corndog” flow structure and physical parameters - centrifugal force, heat transfer, swirl ratio, tumble flow, turbulent and burnt gas residual. Based on the CFD results of the four valve-port, pent-roof combustion dome system, the direction to reach the corndog flow structure should be: (1). Reduce the burnt gas residual; (2). Decrease the temperature difference of EGR and air to minimize their heat transfer and centrifugal force; (3). Reduce the turbulent intensity; (4). Design the combustion dome as flat as possible; (5). Avoid using masks; (6). Reduce tumble flow; (7). Keep certain level of swirl ratio.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Another method to stratify EGR in cylinder, named “conjugate vortex EGR stratification” system, has been discovered by the CFD analysis. Two identical inversed helical ports, one intake and another exhaust, are combined together to create two strong inverse gas flow vortices in the cylinder. The double inverse vortices result in a stable separation of in-cylinder fresh charge and EGR flows induced from intake port and exhaust port during the entire intake stroke. A clear stratification interface between the two streams of flow was found and located in the cylinder center. The turbulent kinetic energy at the interface is quite low, indicating that the minimum mixing opportunity between the EGR and fresh charge occurs at this location.&lt;/div&gt;
α decay ofRe159and proton emission fromTa155 (2007)

The \ensuremath{\alpha} decay of $^{159}\mathrm{Re}$ has been observed for the first time in reactions of 300 MeV $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ ions with an isotopically enriched $^{106}\mathrm{Cd}$ target. The $^{159}\mathrm{Re}$ ions were separated in-flight using the RITU separator and implanted into the GREAT spectrometer. The \ensuremath{\alpha} decay emanates from the proton-emitting $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}$ state in $^{159}\mathrm{Re}$ with an energy of ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=6776\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}26$ keV and a branching ratio of 7.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3.5%. This \ensuremath{\alpha} decay populates a state in the closed neutron shell nucleus $^{155}\mathrm{Ta}$, which decays by emitting 1444 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 15 keV protons with a half-life of $2.{9}_{\ensuremath{-}1.1}^{+1.5}$ ms. These values are consistent with the emission of the proton from a $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{11/2}$ orbital. These results fit in with the systematics of proton and \ensuremath{\alpha}-particle separation energies in the region, but disagree with the previously reported decay properties of $^{155}\mathrm{Ta}$.
Prospect for the Detection of the Geo-neutrino Signal with JUNO (2024)

Parallel Talk presented at the XX International Workshop on Neutrino Telescopes - Venice 23-27 October 2023
Three-Particle Coincidence of the Long Range Pseudorapidity Correlation in High Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (2010)

We report the first three-particle coincidence measurement in pseudorapidity (Δη) between a high transverse momentum (p⊥) trigger particle and two lower p⊥ associated particles within azimuth |Δϕ|<0.7 in square root of s(NN)=200 GeV d+Au and Au+Au collisions. Charge ordering properties are exploited to separate the jetlike component and the ridge (long range Δη correlation). The results indicate that the correlation of ridge particles are uniform not only with respect to the trigger particle but also between themselves event by event in our measured Δη. In addition, the production of the ridge appears to be uncorrelated to the presence of the narrow jetlike component.
Metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum for amino acid production improvement (2000)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, February 2001.
Eight Cycles of Escalated-Dose BEACOPP Compared With FourCycles of Escalated-Dose BEACOPP Followed by Four Cycles ofBaseline-Dose BEACOPP With or Without Radiotherapy in PatientsWith Advanced-Stage Hodgkin’s (2011)

PURPOSE: Eight cycles of BEACOPP(escalated) (escalated dose of
bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide,
vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) followed by
radiotherapy (RT) to initial bulk or residual tumor mass is the
German Hodgkin Study Group standard of care for advanced-stage
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). However, treatment-related toxicity is
a concern, and the role of RT in this setting is unclear. The
HD12 study thus aimed to reduce toxicity while maintaining
efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospectively
randomized multicenter trial, eight cycles of
BEACOPP(escalated) was compared with four cycles of
BEACOPP(escalated) followed by four cycles of the baseline dose
of BEACOPP (BEACOPP(baseline); 4 + 4), and RT with no RT in the
case of initial bulk or residual disease. The study was
designed to exclude a difference in 5-year freedom from
treatment failure (FFTF) rate of 6%. RESULTS: Between January
1999 and January 2003, 1,670 patients age 16 to 65 years were
enrolled onto the HD12 study. At 5 years, FFTF was 86.4% in the
BEACOPP(escalated) arm and 84.8% in the 4 + 4 arm (difference,
-1.6%; 95% CI, -5.2% to 1.9%), and overall survival was 92%
versus 90.3% (difference, -1.7%; 95% CI, -4.6% to 1.1%). Deaths
related to acute toxicity of chemotherapy were observed in 2.9%
of patients (BEACOPP(escalated), n = 19; 4 + 4, n = 27). FFTF
was inferior without RT (90.4% v 87%; difference, -3.4%; 95%
CI, -6.6% to -0.1%), particularly in patients who had residual
disease after chemotherapy (difference, -5.8%; 95% CI, -10.7%
to -1.0%), but not in patients with bulk in complete response
after chemotherapy (difference, -1.1%; 95% CI, -6.2% to 4%).
CONCLUSION: The reduction of BEACOPP to the 4 + 4 regimen did
not substantially reduce severe toxicity but might decrease
efficacy. Our results do not support the omission of
consolidation RT for patients with residual disease.
Alternative strategies for improving the risk-to-benefit ratio
for patients with advanced HL are needed.
Tight-binding model for hydrogen-silicon interactions (1992)

We have developed an empirical tight-binding model for use in molecular-dynamics simulations to study hydrogen-silicon systems. The hydrogen-silicon interaction is constructed to reproduce the electronic energy levels and vibration frequencies of silane (${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$). Further use of the model in the studies of disilane (${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$) and of hydrogen on the Si(111) surface also yields results in good agreement with first-principles calculations and experiments.
Highly Luminous Hollow Chloroapatite Phosphors Formed by a Template-Free Aerosol Route for Solid-State Lighting (2009)

Highly luminous hollow chloroapatite blue phosphors were directly synthesized by an aerosol route. It is noteworthy that the hollow structures of the chloroapatite phosphors were achieved in a rapid manner (within several seconds) without using any templates, which offers tremendous advantages, such as saving time and energy, freedom from contamination, a lowering density, and a reduction of costs for both templates and raw materials. The as-prepared phosphors exhibited extremely high quantum efficiency (QE, as high as 100% under 365 nm excitation), showing great promise for white light-emitting diode (LED) application.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanesulfonic and -phosphonic Acids on Amorphous Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (1999)

We have functionalized amorphous Fe2O3 nanoparticles with alkanesulfonic and octadecanephosphonic acids. TEM reveals nanoparticles 5−10 nm in diameter. FTIR spectra suggest that while in all cases the alkyl chains are packed in a solid-like arrangement, packing disorder increased with decreasing chain length. TGA of the sulfonic acid-functionalized Fe2O3 nanoparticles shows that moieties started to decompose and desorb from the iron oxide surface at about 260 °C. In the case of the octadecanephosphonic acid (OPA)-functionalized Fe2O3, moieties started to decompose and desorb at 340 °C. It is suggested that free Fe−OH groups can serve as proton donors to assist in the sulfonic acid desorption process and that because of the diprotic nature of the phosphonic acid these free surface Fe−OH groups may no longer be available. Among all, the octadecanesulfonic acid coating displays the lowest magnetization, which may be explained by the high packing and ordering of the alkyl chains on the particle surface. The saturation curve of the OPA case gives the smallest value of magnetization we have ever measured for functionalized Fe2O3 nanoparticles. It is suggested that the spin state of surface Fe3+ ions is affected by the bonded surfactant, through a mechanism of pπ−dπ P−O, and dπ−dπ Fe−P interactions and that the phosphonate empty d orbitals increase magnetic interactions between neighboring Fe3+ spins.