gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Action of Particle Films on the Biology and Behavior of Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) (2005)

Particle films with different properties have been developed for arthropod pest control. Two basic film types are hydrophobic and hydrophilic films. The hydrophilic film formulations differ in the amount and kind of spreader-sticker that is incorporated into the kaolin particles. The effects of particle film type (hydrophobic versus hydrophilic) and formulation (Surround versus Surround WP) on the biology and behavior of pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), were investigated on pear in a series of laboratory studies. Scanning electron microscopy determined that the number of particles that attached to the front tibia of adult psylla differed by particle formulation but the particle sizes were fairly uniform and ranged from 3.6 to 4.5 microm in diameter. Adults had difficulty grasping particle film-treated leaves, and this effect was influenced by film type and leaf surface. Choice and no-choice tests indicated that adult settling and oviposition were very low, regardless of film type or formulation. Under no-choice conditions, adult mortality was low, in part, because the adults were able to feed through all 3% particle films, but at reduced rates. However, the mortality of adults sprayed with 3% particle film solutions ranged from 22.2 to 62.5% within 72 h after treatment, and mortalities differed most between the hydrophilic formulations. Nymphs born on particle film-treated foliage incurred high mortalities ranging from 58.9 to 82.0% by the time they reached the fifth instar and were affected most by particle film type. Nymphal development was not affected by particle film type or formulation. Egg fertility and nymphal hatch also were unaffected by particle films. These studies determined that there are a number of biological effects particle films have on pear psylla beyond the deterrence of adult settling and oviposition.
Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) prepared via electrochemical polymerization of EDOT, 2,2′‐Bis(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (BiEDOT), and their TMS derivatives (1997)

The low potential, redox‐active, highly stable conducting polymer PEDOT (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)) has received much attention recently because of these properties, which are likely to lead to many applications. Here the synthesis of EDOT‐TMS 2 is reported (where TMS stands for trimethylsilyl and Bi indicates bis), together with the investigation of the electrochemical polymerization of these monomers using voltammetry and the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The optical switching rates of the films on indium tin oxide are compared, showing that derivatization with TMS leads to improved characteristics.
Hypogammaglobulinemia in sepsis is not correlated to high circulating angiopoietin-2 levels (2013)

Hypogammaglobulinemia has been frequently found in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Furthermore, it seems that at least a low serum level of IgM is correlated with higher mortality in sepsis. The mechanisms of hypogammaglobulinemia in septic shock have not yet been explained. It has been hypothesized that outflow of immunoglobulins into the extravascular space due to increased capillary permeability could reduce immunoglobulin serum concentrations. Angiopoietin-2, which directly disrupts the endothelial barrier, is markedly elevated in sepsis and other inflammatory states and its serum level has been correlated with microvascular leakage, end-organ dysfunction and death in sepsis.
Some Properties of DNA from Phage-Infected Bacteria (1966)

Replicating T5 or lambda phage DNA has been labeled by adding tritiated thymidine for short periods to cultures of phage-infected Escherichia coli before isolation of intracellular DNA. Two procedures are described for separating T5 replicating DNA from DNA of intracellular phage particles. Both T5 and lambda replicating DNA had the same bouyant density in cesium chloride as DNA from phage particles but sedimented faster when centrifuged in sucrose density gradients. The fast sedimentation did not appear to be caused by DNA protein or DNA-RNA complexes or by aggregation of DNA, but is probably due to DNA molecules of unusual structure. Experiments involving hydrodynamic shear and sucrose density gradient centrifugation at alkaline pH have suggested that with lambda the replicating form of DNA is a linear molecule considerably longer than the DNA molecules of lambda-phage particles. The constituent polynucleotide chains of lambda but not T5 replicating DNA also appear to be longer than those of phage DNA.
Aerosol Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry: I.—Effect of Solvent on Ion Signal (1996)

The effects of methanol, ethanol, propan-2-ol and acetonitrile on the aerosol matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) ion signal of bradykinin, bovine insulin and myoglobin were examined. The effect of these solvents mixed with water was also studied. The aerosol MALDI ion signal for each analyte depends on the solvent, but the solvent dependence is different for the matrices 4-nitroaniline and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid. The data suggest that matrix–analyte–solvent interactions are an important consideration for the aerosol MALDI ion signal. It appears that the ion signal is the result of a competition between solvent polarity and volatility. The solvent polarity affects matrix–analyte interactions whereas solvent volatility affects the aerosol drying process.
Rapid determination of nitrogen-13 and fluorine-18 in reactor cooling water by an ion-exchange method (1970)

Nitrogen-13 and fluorine-18 are formed mainly by the 16O (p,α)13N and the 18O (p,n)18F reactions, respectively, in reactor cooling water. In the present work nitrogen-13 and fluorine-18 have been determined in reactor cooling water from Kyoto University reactor by an ion-exchange method. The measured radioactivities of nitrogen-13 and fluorine-18 were 4·5 nCi ml–1 and 0·3 nCi ml–1, respectively, at 5 MW of reactor operating power. The sensitivity of this method is about 1 pCi ml–1 for fluorine-18 and 5 pCi ml–1 for nitrogen-13. The precision of this method is about ±5 per cent.
Magnetic Macroporous Hydrogels as a Novel Approach for Perfused Stem Cell Culture in 3D Scaffolds via Contactless Motion Control (2018)

There is an urgent need for 3D cell culture systems that avoid the oversimplifications and artifacts of conventional culture in 2D. However, 3D culture within the cavities of porous biomaterials or large 3D structures harboring high cell numbers is limited by the needs to nurture cells and to remove growth-limiting metabolites. To overcome the diffusion-limited transport of such soluble factors in 3D culture, mixing can be improved by pumping, stirring or shaking, but this in turn can lead to other problems. Using pumps typically requires custom-made accessories that are not compatible with conventional cell culture disposables, thus interfering with cell production processes. Stirring or shaking allows little control over movement of scaffolds in media. To overcome these limitations, magnetic, macroporous hydrogels that can be moved or positioned within media in conventional cell culture tubes in a contactless manner are presented. The cytocompatibility of the developed biomaterial and the applied magnetic fields are verified for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The potential of this technique for perfusing 3D cultures is demonstrated in a proof-of-principle study that shows that controlled contactless movement of cell-laden magnetic hydrogels in culture media can mimic the natural influence of differently perfused environments on HSPCs.
Plant Breeding in the face of climate change (2022)

ABSTRACT Climate change will have a net negative and inequitable impact on agriculture. Genetics for crop improvement ranks in the top set of technologies that can contribute to human adaptation to climate change. However, a framework for how to breed crops for climate change adaptation is lacking. Here we propose a framework to develop new genotype (G) x management (M) technologies (G x M) to adapt to climate change, and to transition from current to future G x M technologies in a way that future food security does not come at the expense of current food security. The framework integrate genomic, agronomic, and environmental (E) predictors to accomplish two critical goals: 1-predict emergent phenotypes that stems from the dynamic interplay between G, E and M, and thus enable the breeder to consider the behavior of new genetic and trait combinations in environments that plants have not been exposed or tested before, and 2-identify G x M technologies that could increase food and nutritional security while regenerating natural and production resources. We highlight the need to invest in artificial intelligence and information technologies for breeders to harness multiple sources of information to create G x M technologies to address the diverse cultural and geographically granular societal needs.
Mapping the Landscape of Care Providers’ Quality Assurance Approaches for AI in Diagnostic Imaging (2022)

Abstract The discussion on artificial intelligence (AI) solutions in diagnostic imaging has matured in recent years. The potential value of AI adoption is well established, as are the potential risks associated. Much focus has, rightfully, been on regulatory certification of AI products, with the strong incentive of being an enabling step for the commercial actors. It is, however, becoming evident that regulatory approval is not enough to ensure safe and effective AI usage in the local setting. In other words, care providers need to develop and implement quality assurance (QA) approaches for AI solutions in diagnostic imaging. The domain of AI-specific QA is still in an early development phase. We contribute to this development by describing the current landscape of QA-for-AI approaches in medical imaging, with focus on radiology and pathology. We map the potential quality threats and review the existing QA approaches in relation to those threats. We propose a practical categorization of QA approaches, based on key characteristics corresponding to means, situation, and purpose. The review highlights the heterogeneity of methods and practices relevant for this domain and points to targets for future research efforts.
Pectenotoxin-2 from Marine Sponges: A Potential Anti-Cancer Agent—A Review (2011)

Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), which was first identified as a cytotoxic entity in marine sponges, has been reported to display significant cytotoxicity to human cancer cells where it inhibits mitotic separation and cytokinesis through the depolymerization of actin filaments. In the late stage of endoreduplication, the effects of PTX-2 on different cancer cells involves: (i) down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 members and IAP family proteins; (ii) up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-receptor 1/receptor 2 (DR4/DR5); and (iii) mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, PTX-2 induces apoptotic effects through suppression of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in several cancer cells. Analysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins showed that PTX-2 increases phosphorylation of Cdc25c and decreases protein levels of Cdc2 and cyclin B1. Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 and Cdk2, which are associated with the induction of endoreduplication, were upregulated. Furthermore, it was found that PTX-2 suppressed telomerase activity through the transcriptional and post-translational suppression of hTERT. The purpose of this review was to provide an update regarding the anti-cancer mechanism of PTX-2, with a special focus on its effects on different cellular signaling cascades.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Spectroscopic Characterization and the Crystal and Molecular Structures of Ph3PS·AlCl3 and Ph3PSe·AlCl3: A Classification of the Coordinative Bonding Modes of the Phosphine Chalcogenides. (1990)

Abstract The adducts R3PE·AlCl 3 (R: Ph, NMe 2 ; E: S, Se) are examined by NMR spectroscopy as a contribution toward the characterization of the P‐E bond and of the coordinate bond.
Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities of peripheral nerve and muscle are common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and share features with multifocal motor neuropathy (2015)

MRI abnormalities of peripheral nerve and muscle in ALS and MMN are common and share some features.
Absorption and luminescence properties of 1, 10-phenanthroline, 2, 9-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline, 2,9-dianisyl-1, 10-phenanthroline and their protonated forms in dichloromethane solution (1992)

Addition of trifluoroacetic acid to CH2Cl2 solutions of 1, 10-phenanthroline (1), 2,9-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (2) and 2,9-dianisyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (3) causes strong changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra at room temperature. The low-energy absorption bands move to the red, while isosbestic points are maintained. The intensity of the structured, short-lived ππ* fluorescence band decreases and a new, unstructured longer-lived fluorescence band arises at longer wavelength. The number of equivalents of acid needed to obtain 50% protonation in the ground state increases in the series 3 < 2 < 1. The spectral changes can be fully reversed by addition of base. The proton affinity in the singlet excited state is higher than that in the ground state (ΔpKa≈ 14 units for 3), but the protonation and deprotonation processes are too slow to compete with the excited-state decay. In a rigid CH2Cl2 matrix at 77 K the shift of the fluorescence band upon protonation is smaller than that observed at room temperature. The effect of protonation on the phosphorescence band, which can be observed in the rigid CH2Cl2 matrix at 77 K, is very small.
Phase transition by nanoindentation in a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-0.3PT: A phase-field investigation (2022)

Nanoindentaiton testing has revealed pop-in events in load–displacement curves of relaxor single crystal PMN-0.3PT ferroelectric materials that occur when the indentation depth is small (e.g., dozens of nanometers). Although there has been speculation of an occurrence of phase transition, there is a relative lack of investigation on the domain evolution associated with the phase transition when the pop-in events appear. In the present study, nanoindentation of this material was systematically modeled using phase-field simulations, which capture the domain and phase evolution of a PMN-0.3PT ferroelectric single crystal. The results, qualitatively similar to the experimental results, revealed details of the contribution of phase transformations to pop-in events. The influence of indenter shape, size, and external electric field on the pop-in event was also examined. This work provides a computational evaluation of the effects of the phase transition mechanism in ferroelectric materials under nanoindentation and gives insight into local mechanical loading effects on these electromechanically coupled crystals.
Side-Chain Interactions Form Late and Cooperatively in the Binding Reaction between Disordered Peptides and PDZ Domains (2011)

Intrinsically disordered proteins are very common and mediate numerous protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. While it is clear that these interactions are instrumental for the life of the mammalian cell, there is a paucity of data regarding their molecular binding mechanisms. Here we have used short peptides as a model system for intrinsically disordered proteins. Linear free energy relationships based on rate and equilibrium constants for the binding of these peptides to ordered target proteins, PDZ domains, demonstrate that native side-chain interactions form mainly after the rate-limiting barrier for binding and in a cooperative fashion. This finding suggests that these disordered peptides first form a weak encounter complex with non-native interactions. The data do not support the recent notion that the affinities of intrinsically disordered proteins toward their targets are generally governed by their association rate constants. Instead, we observed the opposite for peptide-PDZ interactions, namely, that changes in K(d) correlate with changes in k(off).
DAOS and Friends: A Proposal for an Exascale Storage System (2016)

The DOE Extreme-Scale Technology Acceleration Fast Forward Storage and IO Stack project is going to have significant impact on storage systems design within and beyond the HPC community. With phase two of the project starting, it is an excellent opportunity to explore the complete design and how it will address the needs of extreme scale platforms. This paper examines each layer of the proposed stack in some detail along with cross-cutting topics, such as transactions and metadata management. This paper not only provides a timely summary of important aspects of the design specifications but also captures the underlying reasoning that is not available elsewhere. We encourage the broader community to understand the design, intent, and future directions to foster discussion guiding phase two and the ultimate production storage stack based on this work. An initial performance evaluation of the early prototype implementation is also provided to validate the presented design.
Administration of an anti-CD5 immunoconjugate to patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in vitro immune function. (1994)

Treatment associated effects of CD5 Plus were observed for both T and B cell populations which bear the CD5 antigen, and were reversible, as measured by in vitro assays of immune cell function, phenotype and number.
Miniaturized push-button rotational energy harvesting generator (2017)

This work presents a development and miniaturization of a rotational electromagnetic energy harvesting (EH) generator. The energy harvesting generator is driven mechanically by pushing the button. The energy harvester system has an integrated mechanism for movement conversion. This mechanism converts the linear movement of the button into rotation with a rotational speed of 1000 rpm. An electromagnetically part of harvester consists of in FR-4 embedded multilayer planar coils and of multipole NdFeB hard magnets. The miniaturized energy harvester generates a maximum open circuit output voltage of about 500 mV with duration of about 2 s and a maximum short circuit output current higher than 40 mA.
Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Attenuates Neurocognitive Dysfunction Resulting from Cranial Irradiation (2008)

There are now more than 10 million cancer survivors in the United States. With these numbers, chronic sequelae that result from cancer therapy have become a major health care problem. Although radiation therapy of the brain has improved cancer cure rates, learning disorders and memory deficits are a common consequence of this therapy. Here we show that glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) is required for radiation-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and subsequent neurocognitive decline. Inhibition of GSK-3beta either by small molecules (SB216763 or SB415286) or by ectopic expression of kinase-inactive GSK-3beta before irradiation significantly attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. GSK-3beta inhibition with SB216763 or SB415286 also decreased apoptosis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus in irradiated mice, leading to improved cognitive function in irradiated animals. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of the cytoprotective effect showed that GSK-3beta activity in hippocampal neurons was not significantly altered by radiation, pointing to the indirect involvement of this enzyme in radiation-induced apoptosis. At the same time, radiation led to increased accumulation of p53, whereas inhibition of the basal level of GSK-3beta activity before radiation prevented p53 accumulation, suggesting a possible mechanism of cytoprotection by GSK-3beta inhibitors. These findings identify GSK-3beta signaling as a key regulator of radiation-induced damage in hippocampal neurons and suggest that GSK-3beta inhibitors may have a therapeutic role in protecting both pediatric and adult cancer patients and may help to improve quality of life in cancer survivors.
Discovering Dylan Thomas: A Companion to the Collected Poems and Notebook Poems (2017)

Discovering Dylan Thomas is a companion to Dylan Thomas's published and notebook poems. It includes hitherto-unseen material contained in the recently-discovered fifth notebook, alongside poems, drafts and critical material including summaries of the critical reception of individual poems. The introductory essay considers the task of editing and annotating Thomas, the reception of the Collected Poems and the state of the Dylan Thomas industry, and the nature of Thomas's reading, 'influences', allusions and intertextuality. It is followed by supplementary poems, including juvenilia and the notebook poems 'The Woman Speaks', original versions of 'Grief thief of time' and 'I fellowed sleep', and 'Jack of Christ', all of which were omitted from the Collected Poems. These are followed by annotations beginning with a discussion of Thomas's juvenilia, and the relationship between plagiarism and parody in his work; poem-by-poem entries offer glosses, new material from the fifth notebook, critical histories for each poem, and variants of poems such as 'Holy Spring' and 'On a Wedding Anniversary' (including a magnificent, previously unpublished first draft of 'A Refusal to Mourn').The closing appendices deal with text and publication details for the collections Thomas published in his lifetime, the provenance and contents of the fifth notebook, and errata for the hardback edition of the Collected Poems.
Method of deforming a biaxially textured buffer layer on a textured metallic substrate and articles therefrom (2023)

The present invention provides methods and biaxially textured articles having a deformed epitaxial layer formed therefrom for use with high temperature superconductors, photovoltaic, ferroelectric, or optical devices. A buffer layer is epitaxially deposited onto biaxially-textured substrates and then mechanically deformed. The deformation process minimizes or eliminates grooves, or other irregularities, formed on the buffer layer while maintaining the biaxial texture of the buffer layer. Advantageously, the biaxial texture of the buffer layer is not altered during subsequent heat treatments of the deformed buffer. The present invention provides mechanical densification procedures which can be incorporated into the processing of superconducting films through the powder deposit or precursor approaches without incurring unfavorable high-angle grain boundaries.
Hot Topics and Current Controversies in Total Knee Arthroplasty. (2023)

Total knee arthroplasty continues to evolve. It is important to review some of the current controversies and hot topics in arthroplasty. Optimal knee alignment strategy is now just a matter of debate. Mechanical, kinematic, and functional alignment and the role of robotics in achieving optimum alignment are important topics, along with fixation and outpatient knee arthroplasty.
Multi-scale model of the proteomic and metabolic consequences of reactive oxygen species (2017)

All aerobically growing microbes must deal with oxidative stress from intrinsically-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), or from external ROS in the context of infection. To study the systems biology of microbial ROS response, we developed a genome-scale model of proteome damage and maintenance in response to ROS, by extending a genome-scale metabolism and macro-molecular expression (ME) model of E. coli. This OxidizeME model recapitulated measured microbial oxidative stress response including metal-loenzyme inactivation by ROS and amino acid auxotrophies. OxidizeME also correctly predicted differential expression under ROS stress. We used OxidizeME to investigate how environmental context affects the flexibility of ROS stress response. The context-dependency of microbial stress response has important implications for infectious disease. OxidizeME provides a computational resource for model-driven experiment design in this direction.