gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Ser-1177) by O -GlcNAc in diabetes-associated erectile dysfunction (2005)

Impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function is associated with erectile dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, but the exact molecular basis for the eNOS defect in the diabetic penis remains unclear. We investigated whether hyperglycemia increases O-GlcNAc modification of eNOS in the penis, preventing phosphorylation at the primary positive regulatory site on the enzyme and hampering mechanisms of the erectile response. Type I diabetes mellitus was induced in male rats by alloxan (140 mg/kg, i.p.). After 5 wk, the diabetic rat penis exhibited increased O-GlcNAc modification of eNOS and decreased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 at baseline compared with the control rat penis; eNOS phosphorylation at Thr-495, Ser-615, and Ser-633 was not affected. In addition, eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177 was impaired in the diabetic rat penis in response to penile blood flow (shear stress) elicited by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve (ES) and to recombinant human VEGF165. Phosphorylation of Akt, a mediator of shear stress-induced eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1177, was decreased in the diabetic penis at baseline, but it was restored by ES. Erectile response to shear stress elicited by ES and to VEGF was decreased in diabetic compared with control rats. This work demonstrates that eNOS inactivation occurs in the diabetic penis by a glycosylation mechanism specifically at Ser-1177, by which the enzyme is rendered incapable of activation by fluid shear stress stimuli and VEGF signaling. In vivo penile erection paradigm supports the physiologic relevance of O-GlcNAc modification in vascular disorders associated with diabetes.
Transient elastography using Fibroscan is the most reliable noninvasive method for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in alcoholic liver disease (2015)

FS is currently the most reliable noninvasive method for the diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in ALD.
EFFECT OF HUMAN FOLLICULAR AND TUBAL FLUIDS ON HUMAN, MOUSE AND RAT SPERMATOZOA IN VITRO (1972)

Human follicular and tubal fluids, as well as mixtures of the two, were tested on the acrosome staining reaction of human, rat and mouse spermatozoa. In all three species, heat-inactivated follicular fluid (56 °C for 30 min) enhanced sperm motility, whereas non-inactivated fluid immobilized the sperm. Spermatozoa obtained from the epididymis of rats and mice, and that derived from human ejaculates had striking acrosome staining reaction (acrosome-blue; nucleus-red), whereas, after treatment with human follicular or tubal fluids, the acrosome staining reaction was lost. In the mouse, a correlation was found between the loss of acrosome staining reaction and the rate of in vitro fertilization and subsequent development of blastocysts. These data suggest that (a) factor(s) for sperm capacitation are present in human follicular and tubal fluids, (b) heat inactivation eliminates toxicity of follicular fluid and (c) the capacitation factor does not appear to be species specific.
Reassessing the Evolutionary History of the 17q21 Inversion Polymorphism (2015)

A polymorphic inversion that lies on chromosome 17q21 comprises two major haplotype families (H1 and H2) that not only differ in orientation but also in copy-number. Although the processes driving the spread of the inversion-associated lineage (H2) in humans remain unclear, a selective advantage has been proposed for one of its subtypes. Here, we genotyped a large panel of individuals from previously overlooked populations using a custom array with a unique panel of H2-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms and found a patchy distribution of H2 haplotypes in Africa, with North Africans displaying a higher frequency of inverted subtypes, when compared with Sub-Saharan groups. Interestingly, North African H2s were found to be closer to "non-African" chromosomes further supporting that these populations may have diverged more recently from groups outside Africa. Our results uncovered higher diversity within the H2 family than previously described, weakening the hypothesis of a strong selective sweep on all inverted chromosomes and suggesting a rather complex evolutionary history at this locus.
Interactive Technology Integrating with the Physically Active Human Body: Learnings from Rider and Ebike Integration (2022)

Supporting the exerting body through interactive technology has been the focus of human-computer integration research labelled as “integrated exertion”. Due to advances in technology where integration systems can sense and interpret data in real-time, systems can participate in the experience alongside the user. In this chapter, we discuss integrated exertion through the lens of an eBike rider, where movement data generated from the rider's leaning forward posture results in increased engine support to afford a “superpower”-like experience. We present our learnings from our case study from the perspective of how to practically assist designers and researchers in designing integrated exertion by offering five take-aways that aim to help users to: “self-attribute superpowers acquired from the machine's functionality”, “map movement to machine actuation to facilitate integration”, “move simultaneously with the machine as one continuous expression”, “exploit visceral qualities to ignite imaginaries of integration” and “amplify the sensation of being integrated with the system by engaging other senses that complement the experience”. Finally, we provide reflections on supporting the exerting body through a human-computer integration approach towards enabling engaging integrated exertion experiences.
<i>N</i>-Phosphine Oxide-Substituted Imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) as Multifunctional Multipurpose <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2021)

Practical methods have been established for the synthesis of multifunctional N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) via the introduction of substituents on either the nitrogen atom(s) or the backbone of the NHCs. However, their use has been mainly limited to acting as multidentate ligands for metal complexes. Herein, results of our recent studies on the synthesis and application of N-phosphine oxide-substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms) as novel type of multifunctional NHCs are discussed. PoxIms were used not only as a mono-/bi-dentate ligand for mono-/bi-metallic complexes, but also as an external stimuli-responsive Lewis base for achievement of the frustration revival strategy as well as a reagent for the direct phosphinoylation of CO2 and carbonyl compounds. These results manifest the pioneering role of PoxIms as a multifunctional multipurpose NHC.
Space charge behaviour in maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene/ethylene - vinyl - acetate copolymer laminates (1997)

Charge distributions in maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted polyethylene (g-PE)/ethylene - vinyl - acetate (EVA) copolymer laminates have been measured with materials of different composition. All laminates showed interfacial charge, the polarity and the magnitude of which are explained by interfacial polarization. It was found that the interfacial charge increased with the increase of MAH content in the g-PE, whereas it decreased with the increase of vinyl - acetate content in the EVA. This feature was attributed to the differences in electrical conductivity of the materials. Details of the experimental results are described.
Prediabetic Markers in Children With Stress Hyperglycemia (1996)

Children with stress hyperglycemia do not have an increased prevalence of immunologic or genetic markers of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and thus do not appear to be at an increased risk for development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Our data suggest that insulin autoantibodies develop in children subject to sickle cell crises.
Resting coronary blood flow velocity profile predicts coronary flow reserve in HFpEF (2020)

Abstract Background Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) is prevalent in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). CMD can be assessed by coronary flow reserve (CFR) using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). We hypothesised that the coronary Doppler flow profile in LAD at rest could reveal information about the downstream resistance in the vessel, where increased resistance is a sign of CMD. Purpose We aimed to measure features of the acceleration and deceleration of the LAD Doppler flow profile to investigate association with coronary and cardiac function. Methods CFR was assessed in 202 patients by TTE in the PROMIS-HFpEF-study. Detailed flow profile measurements were possible in 169 patients (84%) who constituted the study population. The coronary Doppler flow profiles were analysed with respect to acceleration time (corAT) and slope (corAS) and deceleration pressure half time (corPHT) (figure 1). Results The average age was 75±9 years and 55% were female. Atrial fibrillation (AF) was present in 53% and 62% were current or previous smokers. There was no significant difference in gender, age, BMI, blood pressure or heart rate in the CMD vs non-CMD group, but AF as well as a history of smoking was more prevalent in the CMD group, p=0.022 and 0.003 respectively. Further, there were no significant differences in neither corAT nor corAS between the two groups. However, patients with CMD had shorter corPHT of 268±64 ms compared to 298±67 ms, p=0.01. A longer corPHT was associated with increased TAPSE (R=0.205, p=0.007) and higher CFR (R=0.231, p=0.002). In a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, BMI, SBP, reactive hyperemia index, HR, AF, diabetes, CVD, smoking, LVM and study site*, corPHT independently predicted CFR (table 1, p=0.016). Conclusion Short pressure half time, indicating a steep deceleration of the coronary Doppler signal at rest, may provide useful information for prediction of CFR determined by transthoracic ultrasound by reflecting the increased resistance in the coronary microvasculature associated with CMD. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sponsor AstraZeneca
Active hypothesis testing: Sequentiality and adaptivity gains (2012)

Consider a decision maker who is responsible to collect observations so as to enhance his information in a speedy manner about an underlying phenomena of interest. The policies under which the decision maker selects sensing actions can be categorized based on the following two factors: i) sequential vs. non-sequential; ii) adaptive vs. non-adaptive. Non-sequential policies collect a fixed number of observation samples and make the final decision afterwards; while under sequential policies, the sample size is not known initially and is determined by the observation outcomes. Under adaptive policies, the decision maker relies on the previous collected samples to select the next sensing action; while under non-adaptive policies, the actions are selected independent of the past observation outcomes. In this paper, performance bounds are provided for the policies in each category. Using these bounds, sequentiality gain and adaptivity gain, i.e., the gains of sequential and adaptive selection of actions are characterized.
Polymeric mechanical amplifiers of immune cytokine-mediated apoptosis (2017)

Abstract Physical forces affect tumour growth, progression and metastasis. Here, we develop polymeric mechanical amplifiers that exploit in vitro and in vivo physical forces to increase immune cytokine-mediated tumour cell apoptosis. Mechanical amplifiers, consisting of biodegradable polymeric particles tethered to the tumour cell surface via polyethylene glycol linkers, increase the apoptotic effect of an immune cytokine on tumour cells under fluid shear exposure by as much as 50% compared with treatment under static conditions. We show that targeted polymeric particles delivered to tumour cells in vivo amplify the apoptotic effect of a subsequent treatment of immune cytokine, reduce circulating tumour cells in blood and overall tumour cell burden by over 90% and reduce solid tumour growth in combination with the antioxidant resveratrol. The work introduces a potentially new application for a broad range of micro- and nanoparticles to maximize receptor-mediated signalling and function in the presence of physical forces.
Geobacter sulfurreducens’ unique metabolism results in cells with a high iron and lipid content (2022)

Abstract Geobacter sulfurreducens is a ubiquitous iron reducing bacterium in soils, and in engineered systems it can respire an electrode to produce measurable electric current. Its unique metabolism, heavily dependent on an extensive network of cytochromes, requires a unique cell composition. In this work we used metallomics, cell fraction and elemental analyses, and transcriptomics to study and analyze the cell composition of G. sulfurreducens . Elemental composition studies (C,H,O,N, ash content) showed a high C:O and H:O ratios of approximately 1.7:1 and 0.25:1, indicative of more reduced cell composition that is consistent with a high lipid content. Our study shows that G. sulfurreducens cells have a large amount of iron (2 ± 0.2 μg/gdw) and lipids (32 ± 0.5% dw/dw) and that this composition does not change whether the cells are grown with a soluble or an insoluble electron acceptor. The high iron concentration, higher than similar microorganisms, is attributed to the production of cytochromes that are abundant in transcriptomic analyses in both solid and soluble electron acceptor growth. The unique cell composition of G. sulfurreducens must be considered when growing this microorganism for lab studies and commercial applications. Importance Geobacter sulfurreducens is an electroactive microorganism. In nature, it grows on metallic minerals by transferring electrons to them, effectively ‘breathing’ metals. In a manmade system, it respires an electrode to produce an electric current. It has become a model organism for the study of electroactive organisms. There are potential biotechnological applications of an organism that can bridge the gap between biology and electrical signal, and as a ubiquitous iron reducer in soils around the world, G. sulfurreducens and its relatives impact the global iron cycle. We measured the concentrations of metals, macromolecules, and basic elements in G. sulfurreducens to define this organism’s composition. We also used gene expression data to discuss which proteins those metals could be associated with. We found that G. sulfurreducens has a large amount of lipid and iron compared to other bacteria — these observations are important for future microbiologists and biotechnologists working with the organism.
Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma (2022)

All endocrine glands are susceptible to neoplastic growth, yet the health consequences of these neoplasms differ between endocrine tissues. Pituitary neoplasms are highly prevalent and overwhelmingly benign, exhibiting a spectrum of diverse behaviors and impact on health. To understand the clinical biology of these common yet often innocuous neoplasms, we review pituitary physiology and adenoma epidemiology, pathophysiology, behavior, and clinical consequences. The anterior pituitary develops in response to a range of complex brain signals integrating with intrinsic ectodermal cell transcriptional events that together determine gland growth, cell type differentiation, and hormonal production, in turn maintaining optimal endocrine health. Pituitary adenomas occur in 10% of the population; however, the overwhelming majority remain harmless during life. Triggered by somatic or germline mutations, disease-causing adenomas manifest pathogenic mechanisms that disrupt intrapituitary signaling to promote benign cell proliferation associated with chromosomal instability. Cellular senescence acts as a mechanistic buffer protecting against malignant transformation, an extremely rare event. It is estimated that fewer than one-thousandth of all pituitary adenomas cause clinically significant disease. Adenomas variably and adversely affect morbidity and mortality depending on cell type, hormone secretory activity, and growth behavior. For most clinically apparent adenomas, multimodal therapy controlling hormone secretion and adenoma growth lead to improved quality of life and normalized mortality. The clinical biology of pituitary adenomas, and particularly their benign nature, stands in marked contrast to other tumors of the endocrine system, such as thyroid and neuroendocrine tumors.
A functional investigation of tumor suppressor gene activities in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HONE1 using a monochromosome transfer approach (2000)

Monochromosome transfers of selected chromosomes into a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell line were performed to determine if tumor suppressing activity for NPC mapped to chromosomes 9, 11, and 17. Current information from cytogenetic and molecular allelotyping studies indicate that these chromosomes may harbor potential tumor suppressor genes vital to NPC. The present results show the importance of CDKN2A on chromosome 9 in NPC development. There was no functional suppression of tumor development in nude mice with microcell hybrids harboring the newly transferred chromosome 9 containing an interstitial deletion at 9p21, whereas transfection of CDKN2A into the NPC HONE1 cells resulted in obvious growth suppression. Whereas intact chromosome 17 transfers into HONE1 cells showed no functional suppression of tumor formation, chromosome 11 was able to do so. Molecular analysis of chromosome 11 tumor segregants indicated that at least two tumor suppressive regions mapping to 11q13 and 11q22-23 may be critical for the development of NPC.
Mode locking with a compensated space–time astigmatism (1995)

We present what is to our knowledge the first full spatial plus temporal model of a self-mode-locked titaniumdoped sapphire laser. The self-consistent evolution of the pulse toward steady state imposes strong space-time focusing in the crystal, where both the space and time foci are located. This combined focusing significantly improves the discrimination properties of the nonlinear resonator for shorter pulses and reduces the transient stage of pulse formation. Our theoretical results are in very good agreement with experiment.
Ansätze zur Identifikation von Patientenparametern während der Hämodialysetherapie (2002)

This paper presents approaches to identify the circulatory status of dialysis patients. Very few measuring devices to assess patient parameters are currently available. Only state of the art dialysis machines allow a measurement of blood volume and blood temperature. In this paper a new concept to derive the heart rate out of a pressure measurement is presented. The identification of the circulatory function and especially of the possible pathological impairments is based on a dynamic, closed circulatory model. The patient model consists of three compartments, a non pulsatile model of the heart and a model of the baro receptor blood pressure control. An offline parameter optimisation helps to adapt the model to specific patients. The simulation results are convincing and encouraging.
Minimum Variance Estimation of a Sparse Vector within the Linear Gaussian Model: An RKHS Approach (2013)

We consider minimum variance estimation within the sparse linear Gaussian model (SLGM). A sparse vector is to be estimated from a linearly transformed version embedded in Gaussian noise. Our analysis is based on the theory of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). After a characterization of the RKHS associated with the SLGM, we derive novel lower bounds on the minimum variance achievable by estimators with a prescribed bias function. This includes the important case of unbiased estimation. The variance bounds are obtained via an orthogonal projection of the prescribed mean function onto a subspace of the RKHS associated with the SLGM. Furthermore, we specialize our bounds to compressed sensing measurement matrices and express them in terms of the restricted isometry and coherence parameters. For the special case of the SLGM given by the sparse signal in noise model (SSNM), we derive closed-form expressions of the minimum achievable variance (Barankin bound) and the corresponding locally minimum variance estimator. We also analyze the effects of exact and approximate sparsity information and show that the minimum achievable variance for exact sparsity is not a limiting case of that for approximate sparsity. Finally, we compare our bounds with the variance of three well-known estimators, namely, the maximum-likelihood estimator, the hard-thresholding estimator, and compressive reconstruction using the orthogonal matching pursuit.
Modeling of a New Hydraulic Control System for a Belt-Type Continuously Variable Transmission (2005)

A new hydraulic control system for belt-type continuously variable transmissions (CVT) has been devised. The control scheme features a dual-pump configuration with one pump serving as the primary pump, providing minimum clamping pressure to each CVT pulley. The primary pump is also used to meet any additional transmission flow requirements. The second pump creates a pressure differential between the pulleys to generate the clamping-force ratio needed to achieve the desired speed-ratio. The system is designed to minimize ratio-transient flow requirements, allowing the flow capacity of the primary pump to be reduced while also permitting lower operating pressures, hence, improving vehicle fuel economy. The system allows CVT pulley pistons of identical area to be used. This simplifies the design and potentially reduces cost. In this paper, system operation and model-based estimates of fuel-economy gains are discussed and contrasted with existing control schemes.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Artificial Intelligence Aided Geologic Facies Classification in Complex Carbonate Reservoirs (2021)

Abstract Facies classification for complex reservoirs is an important step in characterizing reservoir heterogeneity and determining reservoir properties and fluid flow patterns. Predicting rock facies automatically and reliably from well log and associated reservoir measurements is therefore essential to obtain accurate reservoir characterization for field development in a timely manner. In this study, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) aided rock facies classification framework for complex reservoirs based on well log measurements. We generalize the AI-aided classification workflow into five major steps including data collection, preprocessing, feature engineering, model learning cycle, and model prediction. In particular, we automate the process of facies classification focusing on the use of a deep learning technique, convolutional neural network, which has shown outstanding performance in many scientific applications involving pattern recognition and classification. For performance analysis, we also compare the developed model with a support vector machine approach. We examine the AI-aided workflow on a large open dataset acquired from a real complex reservoir in Alberta. The dataset contains a collection of well-log measurements over a couple of thousands of wells. The experimental results demonstrate the high efficiency and scalability of the developed framework for automatic facies classification with reasonable accuracy. This is particularly useful when quick facies prediction is necessary to support real-time decision making. The AI-aided framework is easily implementable and expandable to other reservoir applications.