gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wyoming Road Closure Gate (1996)

Road closure gates are used to close certain highways when driving conditions become too hazardous under severe winter weather conditions. The Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) developed a new road closure gate design that had not been crash tested to determine whether it would meet nationally recognized safety standards. WYDOT sponsored a study at the Texas Transportation Institute to crash test and evaluate the new road closure gate design and, as appropriate, to improve the design from the standpoints of safety performance, cost, and practicality. The original road closure gate design was crash tested and failed to meet the guidelines set forth in NCHRP Report 350 and the 1985 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals. The design was then modified and crash tested with successful results. The modified road closure gate design consists of a standard 8.84-m (29-ft)-high luminaire support pole structure with a mast arm and light standard, a four-bolt slip base breakaway base, a telescoping fiberglass-aluminum gate arm with an electric in-line linear actuator lift mechanism, and a gate arm bracket to restrict the lateral movement of the gate arm when it is in the up position. The road closure gate design has been adopted by WYDOT and accepted by FHWA for use on the National Highway System.
Antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses isolated from patients pre- and post-administration of favipiravir (2016)

Favipiravir, a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, has recently been approved in Japan for influenza pandemic preparedness. Here, we conducted a cell-based screening system to evaluate the susceptibility of influenza viruses to favipiravir. In this assay, the antiviral activity of favipiravir is determined by inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect, which can be measured by using a colorimetric cell proliferation assay. To demonstrate the robustness of the assay, we compared the favipiravir susceptibilities of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), A(H7N9) and B viruses and their sensitive counterparts. No significant differences in the favipiravir susceptibilities were found between NA inhibitor-resistant and sensitive viruses. We, then, examined the antiviral susceptibility of 57 pairs of influenza viruses isolated from patients pre- and post-administration of favipiravir in phase 3 clinical trials. We found that there were no viruses with statistically significant reduced susceptibility to favipiravir or NA inhibitors, although two of 20 paired A(H1N1)pdm09, one of 17 paired A(H3N2) and one of 20 paired B viruses possessed amino acid substitutions in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunits, PB1, PB2 and PA, after favipiravir administration. This is the first report on the antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses isolated from patients after favipiravir treatment.
Renal angina: concept and development of pretest probability assessment in acute kidney injury (2015)

The context of a diagnostic test is a critical component for the interpretation of its result. This context defines the pretest probability of the diagnosis and forms the basis for the interpretation and value of adding the diagnostic test. In the field of acute kidney injury, a multitude of early diagnostic biomarkers have been developed, but utilization in the appropriate context is less well understood and has not been codified until recently. In order to better operationalize the context and pretest probability assessment for acute kidney injury diagnosis, the renal angina concept was proposed in 2010 for use in both children and adults. Renal angina has been assessed in approximately 1,000 subjects. However, renal angina as a concept is still unfamiliar to most clinicians and the rationale for introducing the term is not obvious. We therefore review the concept and development of renal angina, and the currently available data validating it. We discuss the various arguments for and against this construct. Future research testing the performance of renal angina with acute kidney injury biomarkers is warranted.
Decoder selection based on cross-entropies (2003)

The authors generalize the maximum likelihood and related optimization criteria for training and decoding with a speech recognizer. The generalizations are constructed by considering weighted linear combinations of the logarithms of the likelihoods of words, of acoustics, and of (word, acoustic) pairs. The utility of various patterns of weights are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Generation of an Integrated Transcription Map of theBRCA2Region on Chromosome 13q12–q13 (1996)

An integrated approach involving physical mapping, identification of transcribed sequences, and computational analysis of genomic sequence was used to generate a detailed transcription map of the 1. 0-Mb region containing the breast cancer susceptibility locus BRCA2 on chromosome 13q12-q13. This region is included in the genetic interval bounded by D13S1444 and D13S310. Retrieved sequences from exon amplification or hybrid selection procedures were grouped into physical intervals and subsequently grouped into transcription units by clone overlap. Overlap was established by direct hybridization, cDNA library screening, PCR cDNA linking (island hopping), and/or sequence alignment. Extensive genomic sequencing was performed in an effort to understand transcription unit organization. In total, approximately 500 kb of genomic sequence was completed. The transcription units were further characterized by hybridization to RNA from a series of human tissues. Evidence for seven genes, two putative pseudogenes, and nine additional putative transcription units was obtained. One of the transcription units was recently identified as BRCA2 but all others are novel genes of unknown function as only limited alignment to sequences in public databases was observed. One large gene with a transcript size of 10.7 kb showed significant similarity to a gene predicted by the Caenorhabditis elegans genome and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequencing efforts, while another contained a motif sequence similar to the human 2',3' cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase gene. Several retrieved transcribed sequences were not aligned into transcription units because no corresponding cDNAs were obtained when screening libraries or because of a lack of definitive evidence for splicing signals or putative coding sequence based on computational analysis. However, the presence of additional genes in the BRCA2 interval is suggested as groups of putative exons and hybrid selected clones that were transcribed in consistent orientations could be localized to common physical intervals.
Utilization of Cobalt Bis(terpyridine) Metal Complex as Soluble Redox Mediator in Li–O2 Batteries (2016)

Redox mediators hold significant promise in reducing the large overpotentials pervasive upon charging of lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) cells. Cobalt bis(terpyridine) (Co(Terp)2) was investigated as a mediator of the Li–O2 charging reaction using electrochemical, XRD, and mass spectrometry measurements and benchmarked against tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). Significant reductions in reversible potential versus Li+/Li are measured for Co(Terp)2 and TTF from diglyme to Pyr14TFSI:diglyme to Pyr14TFSI, attributable to upward shift in the Li+/Li electrode, due to weakening Li+ solvation in this solvent order. Lowering of the reversible potentials has noticeable gains on the kinetics of the charge reaction, and greater reduction in charge overpotential are observed with the cobalt complex. However, using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry reveals that less than 25% of the O2 consumed on discharge is recovered on charge in the presence of Co(Terp)2, while TTF enables up to 32% O2 recovery on charge. CO2 is a significant charging product at voltages greater than 4.0 V vs Li+/Li because of electrolyte decomposition. Further work is required in order to develop mediators with 100% of oxygen evolution efficiency, and the present finding of the possibility to tune the reversible redox potential of the mediator by changing the solvent will be very useful to achieve this formidable task.
5G-ENSURE - 5G enablers for network and system security and resilience (2016)

Deliverable D3.5 is the update of the 5G-ENSURE security enablers Technical Roadmap previously delivered (i.e. D3.1). Compared to previous deliverable which was only detailing the features of 5G security enablers in scope of the first release (i.e. v1.0 (R1) released on M11/Sep’16), D3.5 is more complete in the sense it provides all the details regarding enablers (either in continuation or fully new) in scope of the second (also last) release (v2.0 (R2) due at M22/Aug’17) detailing for each of them the targeted features, while showing excellent coverage they have, individually but most importantly conjointly, with respect use cases identified.&lt;br/&gt;Overall D3.5 paves the way towards the second wave of 5G security enablers to be specified and then for most of them be software released by end of the project as part of v2.0.&lt;br/&gt;It also contributes to further advance 5G Security Vision within 5G-PPP community and beyond.
Thermal-to-visible transducer (TVT) for thermal-IR imaging (2008)

We have been developing a novel thermal-to-visible transducer (TVT), an uncooled thermal-IR imager that is based on a Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI). The FPI-based IR imager can convert a thermal-IR image to a video electronic image. IR radiation that is emitted by an object in the scene is imaged onto an IR-absorbing material that is located within an FPI. Temperature variations generated by the spatial variations in the IR image intensity cause variations in optical thickness, modulating the reflectivity seen by a probe laser beam. The reflected probe is imaged onto a visible array, producing a visible image of the IR scene. This technology can provide low-cost IR cameras with excellent sensitivity, low power consumption, and the potential for self-registered fusion of thermal-IR and visible images. We will describe characteristics of requisite pixelated arrays that we have fabricated.
Electromagnetic Side Channels of an FPGA Implementation of AES. (2004)

We show how to attack an FPGA implementation of AES where all bytes are processed in parallel using differential electromagnetic analysis. We first focus on exploiting local side channels to isolate the behaviour of our targeted byte. Then, generalizing the Square attack, we describe a new way of retrieving information, mixing algebraic properties and physical observations.
Tag recommendation via robust probabilistic discriminative matrix factorization (2016)

Low-rank matrix factorization serves as a key technique in learning latent factor models for many applications in machine learning. However, in many applications, observed data often exhibits different levels of noise. To address this issue, we propose a Robust Probabilistic Discriminative Matrix Factorization (RPDMF) method for binary matrix factorization on noise polluted data. We illustrate the benefits of our approach in real examples, and show how our method significantly outperforms Probabilistic Discriminative Matrix Factorization (PDMF) and classical method Weighted Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (WNMF) in the application of image tag completion.
Regulating energy delivery during intracardiac radiofrequency ablation using thermal strain imaging (2011)

Tissue temperature is critically related to the success or failure of catheter ablation procedures. Temperature imaging using ultrasound techniques is attractive because of the potential to provide real-time information at low cost. The signal-processing methods used here were developed to investigate the feasibility of monitoring ablative therapy by identifying the point at which the slope of the thermal strain curve changes sign caused primarily by speed of sound variations with temperature. Previously, we have demonstrated the feasibility of this method in-vivo using porcine models. In this paper, we present recent results with temperature validation for this method in-vivo using an integrated intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) probe. Also preliminary results on thermal strain imaging using a cMUT array integrated into the ICE probe are presented.
Voice source estimation for artificial bandwidth extension of telephone speech (2010)

Artificial bandwidth extension (ABWE) of speech signals aims to estimate wideband speech (50 Hz – 7 kHz) from narrowband signals (300 Hz – 3.4 kHz). Applying the source-filter model of speech, many existing algorithms estimate vocal tract filter parameters independently of the source signal. However, many current methods for extending the narrowband voice source signal are limited to straightforward signal processing techniques which are only effective for high-band estimation. This paper presents a method for ABWE that employs novel data-driven modelling and an existing spectral mirroring technique to estimate the wideband source signal in both the high and low extension bands. A state-of-the-art Hidden Markov Model-based estimator evaluates the temporal and spectral envelopes in the missing frequency bands, with which the ABWE speech signal is synthesized. Informal listening tests comparing two existing source estimation techniques and two permutations of the proposed approach show an improvement in the perceived bandwidth of speech signals, in particular towards low frequencies. Subjective tests on the same data show a preference for the proposed techniques over the existing methods under test.
Photonic packet-switching experiments in a 2 x 2 switching node incorporating a fiber-loop buffer (1993)

An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switching node consisting of semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) gates and fiber loop optical buffers is investigated. The requirements on the SLA properties are investigated and BER-measurements are reported.
The Future of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (2016)

Regeneration of lost or injured tissues is very common in biology. Unfortunately, humans lack adequate regeneration in the heart and many other organs that are commonly ravaged by modern diseases. A revolution in stem cell biology has led to an explosion of interest in therapies that can awaken the regeneration potential in patients. In just the past decade, we have learned that any cell type from any patient, including cells from a blood sample or skin biopsies, can potentially be reprogrammed into a stem cell, and that patientâs stem cell can generate billions of new cells of a variety of differentiated cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and neurons. Stem cell biology is already changing how we approach human genetics and drug discovery, and clinical efforts to harness stem cell biology for heart failure are well underway. Here we predict that regenerative biology will initially struggle to hurdle economic and technical barriers for realistic treatments of heart diseases. However, regenerative biologists are beginning to design new approaches that were previously unimaginable, and ultimately regenerative medicine will have a profound impact for heart diseases.
Antenna Matching for Capacity Maximization in Compact MIMO Systems (2006)

As MIMO technology slowly matures, it is finding its way into more wireless applications. However, some important applications, including mobile communications, require compact implementations. One important challenge in miniaturizing MIMO systems for compact terminals is to overcome capacity performance degradation resulting from mutual coupling among closely separated antennas. In this contribution, we begin with a review of the state-of-the-art, with particular emphasis on impedance matching and its impact on capacity. Whereas it has been shown that a multiport extension of the conjugate match is optimum in a reference environment with uniform 3D angular power spectrum, its bandwidth is severely reduced by decreasing antenna separation. On the other hand, noncoupled, individual port matching is inherently simpler to implement and broader in bandwidth, but offers a smaller capacity. Here, we demonstrate that mean capacity can be easily maximized with respect to individual port matching in a given random field. The extent of capacity gains provided by the optimized matching network over existing individual port matching networks strongly depends on the propagation environment.
Super-resolution imaging by optical incoherent synthetic aperture with one channel at a time (2021)

Imaging with an optical incoherent synthetic aperture (SA) means that the incoherent light from observed objects is processed over time from various points of view to obtain a resolution equivalent to single-shot imaging by the SA larger than the actual physical aperture. The operation of such systems has always been based on two-wave interference where the beams propagate through two separate channels. This limitation of two channels at a time is removed in the present study with the proposed SA where the two beams pass through the same single channel at any given time. The system is based on a newly developed self-interference technique named coded aperture correlation holography. At any given time, the recorded intensity is obtained from interference between two waves co-propagating through the same physical channel. One wave oriented in a particular polarization is modulated by a pseudorandom coded phase mask and the other one oriented orthogonally passes through an open subaperture. Both subapertures are multiplexed at the same physical window. The system is calibrated by a point spread hologram synthesized from the responses of a guide star. All the measurements are digitally processed to achieve a final image with a resolution higher than that obtained by the limited physical aperture. This unique configuration can offer alternatives for the current cumbersome systems composed of far apart optical channels in the large optical astronomical interferometers. Furthermore, the proposed concept paves the way to an SA system with a single less-expensive compact light collector in an incoherent optical regime that may be utilized for future ground-based or space telescopes.
Supplemental Figure 6 from Combination Drug Scheduling Defines a “Window of Opportunity” for Chemopotentiation of Gemcitabine by an Orally Bioavailable, Selective ChK1 Inhibitor, GNE-900 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;GNE-900 potentiates the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine in HCT-116 isogenic variants, irrespective of NHEJ competence.&lt;/p&gt;
Sorafenib-Loaded PLGA Carriers for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Cellular Uptake in Liver Cancer Cells (2023)

The high PS stability, their sustained release profile and the rapid cellular uptake corroborate the enhanced cytotoxicity effect on HepG2. With the prospect of developing biomedical tools to control the spatial and temporal release of drugs, we successfully demonstrated the potentiality of <i>se</i>OF for light-triggered local release of the carriers. Our prototypical system paves the way to new devices integrating microfluidics, optical fibers, and advanced carriers capable to deliver minimally invasive locoregional cancer treatments.
Electronic insulator-conductor conversion in hydride ion-doped 12CaO∙7Al2O3 by electron-beam irradiation (2005)

We report formation of persistent carrier electrons in hydride ion (H−)-incorporated 12CaO∙7Al2O3 (C12A7) by electron-beam irradiation. The electrical conductivity of H−-doped C12A7 single crystals increases with the electron-beam irradiation dose, accompanied with a green coloration attributable to a carrier electron formation. A 25 keV electron beam with a dose of ∼500μCcm−2 fully converts the conductivity in surface layers to the depth of ∼4μm. Carrier electron formation is most likely due to electron-hole pairs generated in the electron excitation volume and subsequent energy transfer to the H− ions. The estimated carrier formation yield per an incident electron is ∼30. These findings may enable a fine patterning of the conductive area without photomasks and photoresists.
Automatic detection and prediction of discontinuities in laser beam butt welding utilizing deep learning (2022)

Laser beam butt welding of thin sheets of high-alloy steel can be really challenging due to the formation of joint gaps, affecting weld seam quality. Industrial approaches rely on massive clamping systems to limit joint gap formation. However, those systems have to be adapted for each individually component geometry, making them very cost-intensive and leading to a limited flexibility. In contrast, jigless welding can be a high flexible alternative to substitute conventionally used clamping systems. Based on the collaboration of different actuators, motions systems or robots, the approach allows an almost free workpiece positioning. As a result, jigless welding gives the possibility for influencing the formation of the joint gap by realizing an active position control. However, the realization of an active position control requires an early and reliable error prediction to counteract the formation of joint gaps during laser beam welding. This paper proposes different approaches to predict the formation of joint gaps and gap induced weld discontinuities in terms of lack of fusion based on optical and tactile sensor data. Our approach achieves 97.4 % accuracy for video-based weld discontinuity detection and a mean absolute error of 0.02 mm to predict the formation of joint gaps based on tactile length measurements by using inductive probes.
T-Cell-Dependent Accumulation of Eosinophils in the Lung and Its Inhibition by Monoclonal Anti-Interleukin-5 (1991)

The transnasal administration of an extract of the parasite Ascaris suum to C57BL/6 mice for 3 weeks produced marked eosinophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The oral administration of ciclosporin significantly suppressed the pulmonary eosinophilia. Athymic C57BL/6-nu/nu mice failed to develop pulmonary eosinophilia. These data indicate that the pulmonary eosinophilia caused by this parasite extract is T-cell-dependent. Genetically mast-cell-deficient (WB x C57BL/6) F1-W/Wv (W/Wv) mice developed marked eosinophilia in the BAL, which shows that mast cells are not necessary in the formation of lung eosinophilia in this model. Monoclonal antimurine interleukin-5 injected intraperitoneally clearly inhibited the infiltration of eosinophils in the lung, suggesting that T-cell-derived interleukin-5 is essential.
The Interplay of ECM-Based Graft Materials and Mechanisms of Tissue Remodeling (2021)

Wound healing is a complex natural process that involves the recruitment of cells, the renewal of tissue composition, and the reinforcement of structural tissue architecture. Following ischemic injury or chronic disease, wound healing is delayed, and can often result in chronic inflammation or permanent morbidity. Tissue engineering strategies to harness the wound healing process include the use of naturally derived extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds with inherent bioactivity to both passively facilitate and actively direct healing toward a successful resolution. As the body heals, the properly designed ECM scaffold is gradually remodeled and integrated into the body, leaving behind organized tissue that provides long-term strength. Herein we explain the interplay of the ECM (i.e., its complex composition and bioactivity) with the cells of the body throughout the process of tissue remodeling, thus explaining how even a tissue-engineered xenograft material can direct the body to restore itself.