gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of monolithic a-Si:H-CuInSe/sub 2//CdS tandem solar cells (1988)

Monolithic two-terminal tandem solar cells using n-i-p a-Si CuInSe/sub 2//CdS solar cells have been prepared and characterized. A middle terminal permits diagnostic analysis of the component cells. The best two-terminal devices to date have open-circuit voltages above 1.0 V and efficiencies near 6%. The CuInSe/sub 2/ cell contributes up to 0.3 V to the open-circuit voltage. Short-circuit current in these tandem devices is limited by the a-Si:H cell, which has not been optimized for operation in the n-i-p mode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The effect of abdominal surgery on the serum concentration of the tumour‐associated antigen CA 125 (1990)

The CA 125 assay is used to monitor the course of disease in women with adenocarcinoma of the genital tract. We measured serum CA 125 levels longitudinally in three different groups of patients who had normal serum CA 125 levels (less than or equal to 16 U/ml) before extensive intraperitoneal abdominal surgery (group 1, second-look laparotomy in 28 women with ovarian cancer; group 2, radical hysterectomy in 42 patients with cervical cancer; group 3, 13 men and one woman who had aortic surgery for atherosclerotic occlusive disease or aneurysm formation). Following surgery, rising serum CA 125 levels were observed in 69 out of the 84 patients (82%), irrespective of the primary diagnosis, type of operation or sex. The highest levels were found during the second week after the operation (range 3-336 U/ml) and decreased gradually thereafter, to become normal at 8 weeks after surgery. It was concluded that abdominal surgery interferes with the specificity of CA 125 as a tumour marker during the early postoperative period.
Algorithm‐based method for detection of blood vessels in breast MRI for development of computer‐aided diagnosis (2009)

The computer algorithm-based method can detect most large vessels and provide an effective means in reducing the labeling of vascular pixels as suspicious on a DCE-MRI CAD system. This algorithm may improve the workflow of radiologists using CAD for image display, but will be particularly useful for development of automated CAD that gives diagnostic impression.
Finite-Element Analysis Modeling of High-Frequency Single-Phase Transformers Enabled by Metal Amorphous Nanocomposites and Calculation of Leakage Inductance for Different Winding Topologies (2019)

The solid-state transformer (SST) is an emerging technology which is gaining increasing importance for future power distribution systems. Here, we present 2-D finite-element analysis (FEA) of single-phase SSTs for operating frequencies of 50 kHz. We consider designs to benchmark materials aimed at controlling high-frequency losses to achieve higher power densities. The FEA model is solved in the time domain for frequencies of 50 kHz, at a fixed 800 V input voltage and 10 kW output power for the first four cycles. This paper analyzes the influence of leakage inductance on the waveform with an increasing number of turns and discusses how to calculate the leakage inductance of the different winding topologies by FEA. In addition, transformer topologies are coupled to a power analysis using a Steinmetz parameterization of magnetic losses capturing induction and field scaling for transformer losses for FeNi-based metal amorphous nanocomposites (MANCs) for SST applications and their benchmarking with amorphous and other MANCs and ferrites. Recently, discovered FeNi-based MANCs allow smaller transformers at equivalent power as compared to Si steels, Metglas, and Co-based MANCs. These Fe-rich and non-Co containing MANCs also offer economies based on lower raw materials costs as compared with Co-based MANCs and significantly improved mechanical properties with respect to commercially available Fe-based MANCs.
Kinetics and Morphology of Self-Assembly of an Elastin-like Polypeptide Based on the Alternating Domain Arrangement of Human Tropoelastin (2010)

Elastin is the polymeric extracellular matrix protein responsible for the properties of extensibility and elastic recoil in tissues such as arterial blood vessels, lung parenchyma, and skin. Both tropoelastin (TE), the full-length monomeric form of elastin, and elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), based on sequences and domain arrangements of TE, have the intrinsic ability to undergo organized self-assembly into network structures through a process of temperature-induced phase separation or coacervation. It has been suggested that this property plays a role in in vivo formation of the extracellular elastic matrix. In general, the temperature at which phase separation takes place has been taken as the measure of propensity for self-assembly. However, this phase separation is only the first step in a more complex, multistep process of network formation. We have previously shown that analysis of spectrophotometric data allows extraction of kinetic parameters describing both early (coacervation) and later (maturation) steps of the self-assembly process. Here, using a well-characterized ELP containing three hydrophobic domains flanking two cross-linking domains, we describe the effects of temperature, polypeptide concentration, and solution conditions on the kinetics of self-assembly, providing insights into possible mechanisms for the spontaneous organization of such ELPs into extended networks.
Application of Stem Cells to Understanding Psychiatric Disorders (2013)

Due to the remarkable discovery that somatic cells from adult humans could be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells, we now have the opportunity to create renewable sources of human neurons and glial cells to investigate the mechanisms underlying psychiatric disease. These induced stem cells are genetically identical to the donor individual and allow an unprecedented opportunity to investigate neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes in a genetic context known to be permissive for disease. Although many higher-order features of mental disorders are inaccessible in cellular and animal models, we can gain insight into causal mechanisms underlying dysregulated neural circuitry by characterizing the functional capacity of human neurons in different environmental and genetic contexts. The field is now in its infancy and researchers are just beginning to explore the phenotypes of neurons derived from patients with complex psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Here we review some of the major breakthroughs and significant challenges in the effort to leverage this resource to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for psychiatric disease.
X-Ray Crystal Structures of Birch Pollen Profilin and Phl p 2 (1997)

The distribution of IgE-binding sites on BPP allows for the productive interaction with IgE antibodies of different epitope specificities required for efficient signal transduction. These epitopes correspond to the most highly conserved regions of the profilin molecule and thus provide the molecular basis for allergen cross-sensitivity. Due to steric considerations, the involvement of these epitopic regions in the binding of physiologically relevant profilin ligands indicates that the native profilin is the species responsible for eliciting the allergic response. A comparison of the BPP and Phl p 2 structures shows that there is no preference for secondary structural elements in the allergic response. The detailed chemical and physical description of the major reactive epitopes provides a data base for the design of tight-binding monovalent ligands which can prevent receptor aggregation and thereby reduce the allergic response.
Perceptual learning transfers to untrained retinal locations after double training: A piggyback effect (2011)

Perceptual learning can transfer to a new retinal location if additional training with an irrelevant task primes the new location (“double-training”, Xiao et al., 2008), suggesting perceptual learning a more general process occurring in non-retinotopic high brain areas. However, learning is most useful if it can transfer to other untrained locations after double-training. We measured the transfer of Vernier learning, which is very location specific, to untrained locations after double-training. (1) Two orthogonal Vernier stimuli were trained at separate visual quadrants. After training learning transferred to other untrained quadrants. (2) Vernier and a new task were trained at diagonal quadrants, respectively. Vernier learning always transferred to the diagonal quadrant. However, whether it also transferred to other untrained quadrants depended on the location specificity of the new learning task. The location-non-specific motion direction or orientation learning can piggyback Vernier learning to other locations at the same or different eccentricities, but location-specific contrast learning cannot. (3) Similar trends were observed when double-training was performed at the same location. Two orthogonal Vernier training showed no transfer of learning to other locations. However, Vernier learning did transfer to other locations with motion direction/orientation training. We proposed that location specificity results from the learned high-level decision failing to functionally connect to the new inputs representing untrained locations. Double-training reactivates the new inputs to establish the functional connections to enable learning transfer. The current study shows that the brain may have learned to discount the location information and make the learning solely feature-based when a same task is trained at two locations. Moreover, for motion/orientation learning the learned decision unit may always connect to other locations that are constantly primed by motion/orientation stimuli. Vernier learning, once becoming contingent with these tasks, can be piggybacked to other locations through these tasks' active network.
Stable p-Type Doping of ZnO Film in Aqueous Solution at Low Temperatures (2010)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide band-gap material with excellent optical properties for optoelectronics applications. However, device fabrication has been hampered by difficulties in obtaining a stable p-type doping. Here, we present the first report on the growth and doping of ZnO film through the incorporation of potassium (K) from group I in aqueous solution at 90 °C to yield a stable p-type doping. The contribution of potassium toward p-type conductivity is confirmed using Hall effect measurements and SIMS. A new growth strategy was introduced to obtain a good film coverage with a lower native defect density without the use of surfactants. Photoluminescence measurements confirmed the reduction of defect-related emissions and enhancement of UV band-edge emissions. Variation of carrier concentrations with temperature points to the presence of unstable hydrogen donors that can be removed by annealing at temperatures above 400 °C for extended durations. The instability of these hydrogen defects is attributed to the low growth temperatures. Finally, a p-ZnO/n-GaN junction is demonstrated to have a rectifying I−V characteristic and two dominant electroluminescence peaks in the UV range of 370−390 nm, as well as a broad yellow-orange peak.
Damage behavior of SiO 2 glass induced by 193-nm radiation under a simulated operating mode of lithography laser (2001)

Changes in optical absorption of lithographic-grade SiO<SUB>2</SUB> glass containing hydrogen were examined when irradiated intermittently by ArF excimer laser (6.4 eV) under a simulated operating mode of lithography laser. Absorption intensity at 6.4 eV was increased during the irradiation and was decreased gradually after the termination of the irradiation. However, when re-irradiated, the absorption intensity was recovered instantly to the extent just before the termination of the irradiation. These observed phenomena could be explained by the formation and restoration of E' centers. E' centers were generated through two kinds of processes, dissociation of strained Si-O-Si bonds and dissociation of photo-induced ODCs, while E' centers were converted into SiHs by chemical reaction with hydrogen in SiO<SUB>2</SUB> glass. The phenomenon of fast re-darkening was due to photolysis of SiHs into E' centers.
Selective Base‐free Transfer Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds using iPrOH or EtOH as Hydrogen Source (2017)

Commercially available Ru-MACHO<sup>TM</sup> -BH is an active catalyst for the hydrogenation of several functional groups and for the dehydrogenation of alcohols. Herein, we report on the new application of this catalyst to the base-free transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds. Ru-MACHO<sup>TM</sup> -BH proved to be highly active and selective in this transformation, even with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds as substrates. The corresponding aliphatic, aromatic and allylic alcohols were obtained in excellent yields with catalyst loadings as low as 0.1-0.5 mol % at mild temperatures after very short reaction times. This protocol tolerates iPrOH and EtOH as hydrogen sources. Additionally, scale up to multi-gram amounts was performed without any loss of activity or selectivity. An outer-sphere mechanism has been proposed and the computed kinetics and thermodynamics of crotonaldehyde and 1-phenyl-but-2-en-one are in perfect agreement with the experiment.
Influence of the coupling on the hearing outcome after implantation of an active middle ear implant – comparison of the transmission behavior in temporal bone experiments with clinical data (2022)

Experimental data obtained by means of human temporal bone (TB) experiments should be compared to the postoperative hearing outcome after implantation of the floating mass transducer (FMT) in a retrospective study. Actuator target structures included the long (LP coupler) and short (SP coupler) incus processes, the stapes head (Clip coupler) and the round window membrane (RW coupler).
Enantioselective Addition of Amines to Ketenes Catalyzed by a Planar-Chiral Derivative of PPY:  Possible Intervention of Chiral Brønsted-Acid Catalysis (2002)

The first method for the catalytic enantioselective addition of amines (specifically, pyrroles) to ketenes has been developed, and it has been demonstrated that the resulting acylpyrroles can be transformed into a broad spectrum of useful derivatives. On the basis of mechanistic studies, it is suggested that the planar-chiral catalyst plays an unanticipated role in this process as a chiral Brønsted acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Metathesis of Terminal Alkynes. (2015)

Abstract This novel method using molybdenum complex as the catalyst allows the cross‐metathesis of a wide variety of alkynes.
Molecular Generality of Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Application to the Study of Surface Resonance Raman‐Enhanced Complexes of Iron (II) with 1,10‐Phenanthroline on Silver and Iron (1983)

RR and SERR spectra of adsorbed complexes of 1,10 phenantroline with Fe(II) (viz., ) on silver from highly dilute solution (viz., ) are presented. The first attempt to combine SERS and RRS in order to investigate the surface spectra of on an iron substrate is also reported. The results are encouraging with regard to possible application of SERS and RRS to studies of wet metallic corrosion, in situ.
Elevated plasma levels of ED1+ ("cellular") fibronectin in patients with vascular injury. (1989)

Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured the concentration of fibronectin containing an extra type III domain (ED1) in the circulation of humans. Plasma levels of ED1 + fibronectin averaged 2.8 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml in healthy individuals and did not differ substantially according to age or sex. In comparison with those from normal subjects, plasma samples obtained from patients with collagen vascular disorders contained increased average levels of ED1 + fibronectin. Among this group, levels of ED1 + fibronectin were significantly greater in samples taken from individuals with clinical evidence of vasculitis. Although levels of total (ED1 + plus ED1 -) fibronectin were also elevated in plasma samples from patients with vasculitis, only the concentration of the ED1 + variant correlated with severity of disease in two patients examined serially. Elevations in plasma content of ED1 + fibronectin, but not total fibronectin, were also noted in patients with acute vascular tissue injury associated with major trauma or sepsis syndrome. Western blot examination revealed the presence of intact dimeric ED1 + fibronectin in the circulation of all patients studied, although fragments bearing the ED1 were also detected. Human plasma normally contains small quantities of soluble ED1 + ("cellular") fibronectin, and these levels are increased in disorders involving vascular injury.
Formal automatic verification of cache coherence in multiprocessors with relaxed memory models (2000)

State-based, formal methods have been successfully applied to the automatic verification of cache coherence in sequentially consistent systems. However, coherence in shared memory multiprocessors under a relaxed memory model is much more complex to verify automatically. With relaxed memory models, incoming invalidations and outgoing updates can be delayed in each cache while processors are allowed to race ahead. This buffering of memory accesses considerably increases the amount of state in each cache and the complexity of protocol interactions. Moreover, because caches can hold inconsistent copies of the same data for long periods of time, coherence cannot be verified by simply checking that cached copies are identical at all times. This paper makes two major contributions. First, we demonstrate how to model and verify cache coherence under a relaxed memory model in the context of state-based verification methods. Frameworks for modeling the hardware and for generating correct memory access sequences driving the hardware model are developed. We also show correctness properties which must be verified on the hardware model. Second, we demonstrate a successful application of a state-based verification tool called SSM for the verification of the delayed protocol, an aggressive protocol for relaxed memory models. SSM is based on an abstraction technique preserving the properties to verify. We show that with classical, explicit approaches the verification of cache coherence is realistically unfeasible because of the state space explosion problem, whereas SSM is able to verify protocols both at both behavioral and message-passing levels.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of the CDK2 inhibitor PHA-533533 (2004)

824 The Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) is a serine threonine kinase. It is heterodimer composed of a catalytic subunit, CDK2, and one of two activating subunits, cyclin E or cyclin A. The two isoforms of the kinase have distinct roles during the cell cycle. CDK2/cyclin E is mainly involved in progression through G1/S, centrosome duplication, and DNA replication. CDK2/cyclin A is a key regulator of the G2/M progression. Observations supporting the use of a CDK2 inhibitors in a clinical setting are abundant: The activating subunits of CDK2, cyclin A and E, are frequently overexpressed in tumors, and a negative regulator of CDK2 activity, p27kip1, is frequently down regulated in tumors. Our hypothesis is that deregulated activity of CDK2 complexes is a contributing factor to tumor cell growth; therefore we expect that the inhibition of the kinase could block the tumor cell proliferation. In the poster, the in vitro and in vivo characterization of the mode of action of a CDK2 inhibitor, PHA-533533, will be presented. In particular, the effects of PHA-533533 on different phases of the cell cycle using synchronized tumor cells. In addition, in vivo efficacy and mode of action data will be presented. The data indicate that activity of PHA-533533 is consistant with that of a CDK2 inhibitor and that inhibition of CDK2 adversely affects tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
Hydrofluoric-Acid-Resistant and Hydrophobic Pure-Silica-Zeolite MEL Low-Dielectric-Constant Films (2009)

A new technique for the silylation of pure-silica-zeolite MEL low-k films has been developed in which the spin-on films are calcined directly in trimethylchlorosilane or 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in order to protect the films against corrosive wet etch chemicals and ambient moisture adsorption. In an alternative procedure, HMDS is also added to the zeolite suspension before film preparation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water-soak tests, and HF etch tests are performed to characterize the films. The dielectric constant is as low as 1.51, and the films resist HF attack up to 5.5 min. These properties are highly desirable by the semiconductor industry for next-generation microprocessors.
Selective Impairment of Spatial Cognition Caused by Autoantibodies to the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor (2015)

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experience cognitive abnormalities in multiple domains including processing speed, executive function, and memory. Here we show that SLE patients carrying antibodies that bind DNA and the GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), termed DNRAbs, displayed a selective impairment in spatial recall. Neural recordings in a mouse model of SLE, in which circulating DNRAbs penetrate the hippocampus, revealed that CA1 place cells exhibited a significant expansion in place field size. Structural analysis showed that hippocampal pyramidal cells had substantial reductions in their dendritic processes and spines. Strikingly, these abnormalities became evident at a time when DNRAbs were no longer detectable in the hippocampus. These results suggest that antibody-mediated neurocognitive impairments may be highly specific, and that spatial cognition may be particularly vulnerable to DNRAb-mediated structural and functional injury to hippocampal cells that evolves after the triggering insult is no longer present.
Brain molecular mechanisms in Rasmussen encephalitis (2022)

In RE, we identified activated immune signaling pathways and immune cell type annotation enrichment that suggest roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as HLA variants that may increase vulnerability to RE. Follow-up studies could evaluate cell type density and subregional localization associated with top targets, clinical history (neuropathology, disease duration), and whether modulating crosstalk between dendritic and natural killer cells may limit disease progression.