gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H2S Scavenging Capacity and Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Muds (2020)

Drilling hydrocarbon formations where hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is present could lead to the carryover of H<sub>2</sub>S with the drilling mud (i.e., drilling fluid) to the surface, exposing working personnel to this lethal gas. Additionally, H<sub>2</sub>S is very corrosive, causing severe corrosion of metal parts of the drilling equipment, which in turn results in serious operational problems. The addition of an effective H<sub>2</sub>S scavenger(s) in the drilling mud formulations will overcome these health, safety, and operational issues. In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO), which is a common H<sub>2</sub>S scavenger, has been incorporated into water-based drilling mud. The H<sub>2</sub>S scavenging performance of this ZnO-containing drilling mud has been assessed. Additionally, drilling mud formulations containing either copper nitrate (Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O) or potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4</sub>) have been prepared, and their H<sub>2</sub>S scavenging performances have been studied and compared to that of the ZnO-containing drilling mud. It has been observed that the scavenging performance (in terms of the H<sub>2</sub>S amounts scavenged up to the breakthrough time and at the saturation condition) of the ZnO-containing drilling mud is very poor compared to those of the copper nitrate-containing and KMnO<sub>4</sub>-containing drilling muds. For instance, the amounts of H<sub>2</sub>S scavenged up to the breakthrough time by ZnO-containing, copper nitrate-containing, and KMnO<sub>4</sub>-containing drilling muds were 5.5, 15.8, and 125.3 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of H<sub>2</sub>S scavenged at the saturation condition by these drilling muds were, respectively, 35.1, 146.8, and 307.5 mg/g, demonstrating the superiority of the KMnO<sub>4</sub>-containing drilling mud. Besides its attractive H<sub>2</sub>S scavenging performance, the KMnO<sub>4</sub>-containing drilling mud possessed more favorable rheological properties [i.e., plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), carrying capacity of the drill cuttings, and gelling characteristics] relative to the base and the ZnO-containing and copper nitrate-containing drilling muds. The addition of KMnO<sub>4</sub> to the base drilling mud increased its apparent viscosity, PV, and YP by 20, 33, and 10%, respectively. Additionally, all tested drilling muds possessed acceptable fluid loss characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, there are so far no published studies concurrently tackling the H<sub>2</sub>S scavenging (i.e., breakthrough time, breakthrough capacity, saturation time, saturation capacity, and scavenger utilization) and the rheological properties of water-based drilling muds, as demonstrated in the current study, highlighting the novelty of this work.
Discrepant MR spectroscopic and perfusion imaging results in a case of malignant transformation of cerebral glioma. (2003)

We present serial MR perfusion and spectroscopic findings of a pathologically proved low grade glioma, which evolved into glioblastoma multiforme in 2 years in a 24-year-old man. The initial MR imaging studies, including enhanced conventional T1-weighted and perfusion imaging, were characteristic of a benign glioma with the only exception being that multi-voxel proton MR spectroscopy showed malignant features with a high choline:phosphocreatine ratio. Postoperative follow-up MR imaging revealed findings consistent with malignant glioma, with increased angiogenesis on perfusion images and heterogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images that were further confirmed by second surgery. We suggest conducting close MR imaging follow-up of patients with glioma who have discrepant MR spectroscopic and perfusion results after treatment.
Role of miR-2392 in driving SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation that have a major impact on many diseases and provide an exciting avenue toward antiviral therapeutics. From patient transcriptomic data, we determined that a circulating miRNA, miR-2392, is directly involved with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) machinery during host infection. Specifically, we show that miR-2392 is key in driving downstream suppression of mitochondrial gene expression, increasing inflammation, glycolysis, and hypoxia, as well as promoting many symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We demonstrate that miR-2392 is present in the blood and urine of patients positive for COVID-19 but is not present in patients negative for COVID-19. These findings indicate the potential for developing a minimally invasive COVID-19 detection method. Lastly, using in vitro human and in vivo hamster models, we design a miRNA-based antiviral therapeutic that targets miR-2392, significantly reduces SARS-CoV-2 viability in hamsters, and may potentially inhibit a COVID-19 disease state in humans.
Arthroscopic Technique for Treatment of Synovial Chondromatosis of the Glenohumeral Joint (2005)

Synovial chondromatosis of the shoulder has been treated in the past with an open arthrotomy, removal of loose bodies, and synovectomy. Several authors have described arthroscopy as a means of treating this rare disorder because of the excellent visualization of the glenohumeral joint, decreased morbidity, and early rehabilitation potential. This article offers a technique in which a large-bore cannula and high pressure and flow are used to facilitate the removal of loose bodies from the joint.
Dynamic mechanisms of strengthening and softening of coherent twin boundary via dislocation pile-up and cross-slip (2022)

Although cross-slip strongly affects the deformation of polycrystalline materials, the phenomenon is rarely studied in twinned face centered cubic (FCC) metals. Here we performed in-situ TEM nanoindentation on a twinned nickel bi-crystal. Multiple pile-ups were generated, with the first dislocations pinned at a coherent twin boundary (CTB) and multiple following dislocations cross-slipping within the matrix. Stress calculation revealed that the cross-slip events are made possible by the CTB, the first dislocations, and the favorable shear stress created jointly by external stress and dislocation interaction. These cross-slip events reduce tip stress and soften the material until inter-grain plasticity is eventually activated.IMPACT STATEMENTIn-situ TEM nanoindentation reveals the characteristics of dislocation pinning, pile-ups and cross-slip along the twinning boundary in a twinned FCC metal for the first time.
Pillared Sn‐MWW Prepared by a Solid‐State‐Exchange Method and its Use as a Lewis Acid Catalyst (2016)

Abstract Pillared Sn‐MWW (Sn‐MWW(SP)‐SSE) was prepared through a solid‐state‐exchange (SSE) route. The pillared structure was inherited from pillared B‐MWW, and Sn was inserted in the framework by boron leaching and solid‐state‐exchange with tin tetrachloride pentahydrate. The Sn‐MWW(SP)‐SSE with framework Sn sites exhibits Lewis acidity and good catalytic performance for the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, and mono‐ and disaccharide isomerizations.
Reversible paramagnetism to ferromagnetism in transition metal-doped TiO2 nanocrystals prepared by microwave irradiation (2006)

Ti O 2 nanoparticles doped with 1%, 5%, and 10% M (M=Co, Fe, and Ni) were prepared by microwave irradiation and characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetometry. The as-prepared samples are found to be paramagnetic at room temperature, with the magnetic susceptibility following the Curie-Weiss law in the investigated range of 2–300K. However, transformation from paramagnetism to room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) was observed by hydrogenating the samples at 400°C. Reheating in air converted the samples back to paramagnetic while rehydrogenating the samples again induced ferromagnetism. It is argued that the reversible RTFM observed is due to interaction between the dopant metal ions and oxygen vacancies produced during hydrogenation. X-ray diffraction of the hydrogenated Co- and Fe-doped samples shows only a single TiO2 phase suggesting that the observed RTFM may be intrinsic, but for the Ni-doped samples the magnetism may arise from metallic Ni on the surfaces of the TiO2 nanoparticles.
Characterization of spectroscopic and laser properties of Pr3+ in Sr5(PO4)3F crystal (2002)

Spectroscopic and laser properties have been characterized for Pr3+ incorporated into Sr5(PO4)3F crystal belonging to the apatite structure family. The standard Judd–Ofelt analysis has been applied to the measured optical absorption intensities to determine the radiative decay rates, branching ratios, and emission cross sections of principal intermanifold transitions of Pr3+ from the D21 and P03 states to the lower-lying manifolds in the visible region. The measured room temperature fluorescence lifetimes of the D21→3H4 (594 nm) and P03→3F2 (625 nm) transition are 325 and 105 μs, respectively, while the Judd–Ofelt analysis predicts the radiative lifetimes for the D21 and P03 states to be 822 and 116 μs, respectively. The room temperature emission cross sections of the D21→3H4 and P03→3F2 intermanifold transitions have been also determined to be 0.54×10−20 and 4.15×10−20 cm2, respectively.
Estimation with Best Bases (1997)

Abstract : New models of non-stationary processes have been introduced. We showed that the covariance of locally stationary processes can be modeled as pseudodifferential operators. The spectrum of such processes is estimated by approximating the Karhunen-Loeve basis with a local cosine basis, that is optimized with a best basis search algorithm. Applications to geophysics have been studied. Locally dilated processes are a different kind of non-stationary processes that appear in image processing and in physical phenomena that involve Doppler effects. It was shown that the dilation parameters of such processes can be estimated with a wavelet transform, through the solution of a partial differential equation in the scale-space plane. An application concerns the reconstruction of three dimensional surfaces from texture gradient in images. The last part of this project was devoted to the analysis of the distortion-rate function of wavelet image transform codes. By modeling images as element of Besov spaces, we calculated precise analytical formula of distortion-rates, which are verified by numerical experiments.
Determination of the Incidence of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium perfringens in Wild Birds near Broiler Chicken Houses by Sampling Intestinal Droppings (2000)

Several methods were evaluated for collecting fecal and intestinal samples from wild birds found near broiler chicken houses. A few intestinal samples and cloacal swabs were obtained from European starlings and house sparrows. Most of the samples collected consisted of wild bird droppings found on or near the houses. Samples were collected from each of four farms of a broiler integrator during a grow-out cycle: a cycle in the summer for farm A, fall for farm B, and spring, summer, fall, and winter for farms C and D. Of the 25 wild bird intestinal and fecal samples collected from a broiler house on farm A during a grow-out cycle in July-August 1997, 24% were positive for Salmonella spp., 4% for Campylobacter jejuni, and 28% for Clostridium perfringens. Of the nine fecal samples collected from broiler house B in a grow-out cycle in September-November 1997, 33% were positive for Salmonella spp., 11% for C. jejuni, and 22% for C. perfringens. For farms C and D, of the 23 samples collected in March-April 1998, 0 were positive for Salmonella spp., 11% for C. jejuni, and 52% for C. perfringens; of 27 samples collected in June-July 1998, 4% were positive for Salmonella spp., 0 for C. jejuni, and 13% for C. perfringens; of 24 samples collected in August-October 1998, 14% were positive for Salmonella spp., 5% for C. jejuni, and 4% for C. perfringens; of 14 samples collected December 1998-January 1999, 0 were positive for Salmonella, 50% for C. jejuni, and 14% for C. perfringens. The incidence of these bacterial enteropathogens in wild birds near the broiler chicken houses suggests that wild birds that gain entry to poultry grow-out houses have the potential to transmit these pathogens to poultry.
CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY: DOES TECHNIQUE INFLUENCE AZOTEMIC CONTROL? (2002)

CRRT strategies based on different techniques might have a significantly different impact on azotemic control.
ChemInform Abstract: FRIEDEL‐CRAFTS ACYLATION OF 3‐(CARBOXYMETHYL)BENZO(B)THIOPHENES AND A LIS‐NMR AND HOMO STUDY OF REGIOSELECTIVITY (1980)

Abstract Aus dem 3‐Carbomethoxy‐benzothiophen (II) erhält man bei der Acylierung nach F Iiedel‐Crafts isomege Acylverbindungen (I) bzw. (III).
The Role of Parallelism in the Evolution of Optical Fiber Communication Systems (2022)

In order to overcome the capacity limitations of current lightwave systems based on the single-mode optical fiber, massively parallel transmission in the spatial domain [space-division multiplexing (SDM)] supported by extended parallelism in the frequency domain (ultrawideband (UWB) systems) must be used. This article reviews key aspects of parallel transmission systems as the only significant capacity scaling option going forward and discusses the various tradeoffs on an architectural level and a hardware integration level. In doing so, this article also serves as an introduction to the more detailed accounts of fiber-optic systems and their future scaling within this Special Issue of the Proceedings of the IEEE.
<title>Two-dimensional bend sensing with a single multiple-core optical fibre</title> (1998)

The shape of a structure which is known to deform in one-dimension only can be measured using a single optical fibre with one or more sensing elements multiplexed down its length. However, to monitor the shape of a structure that can deform in three-dimensions the full vector strain, or strain field, is required. To achieve this a minimum of three fibres, embedded in a non-collinear geometry, is required.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry and Occurrence of Taxane Derivatives. Part 27. Synthesis of 7,9‐Nitrogen‐Substituted Paclitaxel Derivatives (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ambient-Air Stable Lithiated Anode for Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries with High Energy Density (2016)

An important requirement of battery anodes is the processing step involving the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the initial cycle, which consumes a significant portion of active lithium ions. This step is more critical in nanostructured anodes with high specific capacity, such as Si and Sn, due to their high surface area and large volume change. Prelithiation presents a viable approach to address such loss. However, the stability of prelithiation reagents is a big issue due to their low potential and high chemical reactivity toward O<sub>2</sub> and moisture. Very limited amount of prelithiation agents survive in ambient air. In this research, we describe the development of a trilayer structure of active material/polymer/lithium anode, which is stable in ambient air (10-30% relative humidity) for a period that is sufficient to manufacture anode materials. The polymer layer protects lithium against O<sub>2</sub> and moisture, and it is stable in coating active materials. The polymer layer is gradually dissolved in the battery electrolyte, and active materials contact with lithium to form lithiated anode. This trilayer-structure not only renders electrodes stable in ambient air but also leads to uniform lithiation. Moreover, the degree of prelithiation could vary from compensating SEI to fully lithiated anode. With this strategy, we have achieved high initial Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% in graphite anodes, and over 100% in silicon nanoparticles anodes. The cycling performance of lithiated anodes is comparable or better than those not lithiated. We also demonstrate a Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/lithiated graphite cell with stable cycling performance. The trilayer structure represents a new prelithiation method to enhance performance of Li-ion batteries.
QoS-Aware Scheduling over Hybrid Optical Wireless Networks (2007)

Hybrid optical wireless networks present the future-proof solution to the currently deployed copper access infrastructure. Purposing to increase the network throughput under the hybrid framework, we propose a scheduling scheme to deliver diverse services by taking the quality of service (QoS) requirement into consideration. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme is capable of collecting the QoS requirement information throughout the network, and the centralized process facilitates the reduction of network transmission overhead.
Reconstruction of kinetic parameter images directly from dynamic PET sinograms (2005)

Recently, there has been interest in estimating kinetic model parameters for each voxel in a PET image. To do this, the activity images are first reconstructed from PET sinogram frames at each measurement time, and then the kinetic parameters are estimated by fitting a model to the reconstructed time-activity response of each voxel. However, this indirect approach to kinetic parameter estimation tends to reduce signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) because of the requirement that the sinogram data be divided into individual time frames. In 1985, Carson and Lange proposed, but did not implement, a method based on the EM algorithm for direct parametric reconstruction. More recently, researchers have developed semi-direct methods which use spline-based reconstruction, or direct methods for estimation of kinetic parameters from image regions. However, direct voxel-wise parametric reconstruction has remained a challenge due to the unsolved complexities of inversion and required spatial regularization. In this work, we demonstrate an efficient method for direct voxel-wise reconstruction of kinetic parameters (as a parametric image) from all frames of the PET data. The direct parametric image reconstruction is formulated in a Bayesian framework, and uses the parametric iterative coordinate descent (PICD) algorithm to solve the resulting optimization problem. This PICD algorithm is computationally efficient and allows the physiologically important kinetic parameters to be spatially regularized. Our experimental simulations demonstrate that direct parametric reconstruction can substantially reduce estimation error of kinetic parameters as compared to indirect methods.
Advanced sensor development by MNX (2010)

The MEMS and Nanotechnology Exchange (MNX) was established in 1999 with support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) as an implementation service for the United States R&D community. The overriding goal of the MNX is to provide maximum design and fabrication freedom, which is extremely important for enabling high performance and innovation in the development of MEMS sensors. This paper will provide an overview of the MNX operation and review some of the advanced fabrication technologies made available by the MNX for the implementation of advanced MEMS sensors.
A Rare Case of Rapid Patency Capsule Disintegration (2015)

Al-Bawardy, Badr MD1; Rajan, Elizabeth MD1; Hansel, Stephanie MD, MS1 Author Information
Polyinstantiation: an inevitable part of a multilevel world (2002)

Polyinstantiation is a phenomenon of multilevel data. As such, it exists as a property of information and is not merely the result of any specific technology. Polyinstantiation is an inevitable property of a multilevel world. Recognizing this, the author investigates how best to reflect it in technologies. She discusses polyinstantiation as a property of the world of multilevel information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Complete Chloroplast Genome of a Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Acc. ‘912036’ (2020)

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertn.) is a well-known medicinal plant which has been used for more than 2,000 years around the world. It produces silymarin, which cures the liver from hepatitis and toxin damages. In this study, a selfed and purified breeding line of the milk thistle from the Korean environment was used as a source of chloroplast genome construction. It showed high concentration of silybin B (3.50 mg/g) in its dried seeds. The complete chloroplast genome of S. marianum acc. ‘912036’ is 152,556 bp in length and G+C content is 37.69%. A total of 87 protein coding genes with 104 exons were annotated. Chloroplast genomes of five accessions from different countries were compared with that of ‘912036’, and no sequence polymorphism among them was identified. Thus, the chloroplast genome from this study can be used to develop S. marianum-specific DNA markers when compared with other diverse S. marianum accessions and Asteraceae species.
Characterization and reduction of spectral distortions in Silicon-on-Insulator integrated Bragg gratings (2013)

A major issue in the fabrication of integrated Bragg grating filters in highly confined waveguides is the average effective index fluctuations caused by waveguide dimension variations. Lateral variations are caused by the sidewall roughness created during the etching process while vertical variations are coming from the wafer silicon layer thickness non-uniformity. Grating spectral distortions are known to result solely from the low spatial frequency components of these variations. As a result, in this work, we present an experimental method to quantify such relevant spatial components by stitching a hundred high-resolution scanning electron microscope images. Additionally, we propose two techniques to reduce, in the design, the phase noise impact on integrated Bragg gratings without relying on fabrication process improvements. More specifically, we show that the use of hybrid multimode/singlemode waveguides reduce by more than one order of magnitude the effect of sidewall roughness on integrated Bragg gratings while we show that the fabrication of ultra-compact gratings in spiral waveguides mitigate the impact of the silicon layer thickness variations.
Transferring the bendable substrateless GaN LED grown on a thin C-rich SiC buffer layer to flexible dielectric and metallic plates (2016)

The first demonstration on the bendable substrateless GaN LED on a-SiC buffer transferring to the dielectric and metallic substrates.