gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integral Invariants for Shape Matching (2006)

For shapes represented as closed planar contours, we introduce a class of functionals which are invariant with respect to the Euclidean group and which are obtained by performing integral operations. While such integral invariants enjoy some of the desirable properties of their differential counterparts, such as locality of computation (which allows matching under occlusions) and uniqueness of representation (asymptotically), they do not exhibit the noise sensitivity associated with differential quantities and, therefore, do not require presmoothing of the input shape. Our formulation allows the analysis of shapes at multiple scales. Based on integral invariants, we define a notion of distance between shapes. The proposed distance measure can be computed efficiently and allows warping the shape boundaries onto each other; its computation results in optimal point correspondence as an intermediate step. Numerical results on shape matching demonstrate that this framework can match shapes despite the deformation of subparts, missing parts and noise. As a quantitative analysis, we report matching scores for shape retrieval from a database.
Effect of the Type of Fracturing Fluid on the Breakdown Pressure of Tight Sandstone Rocks (2018)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is performed to enhance production in reservoirs with low permeability. It's an effective technique but there are still several uncertainties associated in its implementation. One of the uncertainties is the dependence of breakdown pressure on the type of fracturing fluid used. The objective of this paper is to perform an experimental study to determine the role of fracturing fluid on the breakdown pressure of tight sandstone rocks. The dimensions of the samples are 2 in. (diameter) by 2 in. (length). A hole of 0.25-in. in diameter and 0.75-in. length is drilled on one face of each core through which the fracturing fluid is pumped. A strong power relation between the viscosity of the fracturing fluid and breakdown pressure was seen. As the viscosity increased, the breakdown pressure increased significantly. Computed Tomography (CT) scan showed that the direction of fracture is along the bedding plane. As the viscosity increased, the fracture width and height increased. For most tests, the fractures created were bi-wing fractures. Some single wing fractures were created due to deformities in the borehole.
Comparative Analgesic Properties of Bupivacaine, Etidocaine, and Lidocaine in Mice (1984)

The analgesic properties of bupivacaine, etidocaine, and lidocaine were compared following intraperitoneal injection in mice. Two evaluations of analgesia were employed: the hot plate test and the stretch test. Doses of 75% of their corresponding CD 50 s produce analgesia greater than control and less than morphine sulfate 5 mg/kg. When differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of the agents are evaluated, the relative analgesic properties of the three local anesthetics appear nearly identical.
OCTANE: An Integrated Spectrometer for Optical Coherence Tomography (2013)

We introduce the Optical Coherence Tomography Advanced Nanophotonic Engine. OCTANE is the first product line of silicon-chip-based spectrometers for spectral-domain OCT, tailored for low-cost, high-volume medical and industrial applications.
1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene: a novel redox shuttle additive for overcharge protection in lithium-ion batteries that doubles as a mechanistic chemical probe (2015)

A novel redox shuttle additive, 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene, is shown to deliver superb overcharge protection of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> electrode in Li-ion batteries.
Incorporation of Dust Particles into a Growing Film During Silicon Dioxide Deposition from a TEOS/O2Plasma (2005)

Abstract The effects of gas flow rate on particle formation and film deposition during the preparation of silica thin film using a TEOS/O2 plasma were investigated. Particle formation and growth are suppressed with increasing gas flow rates. The film deposition rate increases with increasing gas flow rate, reaches a maximum value, and eventually decreases again. However, the uniformity of the film tends to degrade at high gas flow rates. At a high gas flow rate, some particles trapped in the sheath near the grounded electrode pass through the sheath to reach the substrate and are then embedded in the growing film. A self-consistent sheath model combined with particle force balance based on charge fluctuation was developed to explain these experimental findings qualitatively. The model reveals that charge fluctuation is a key factor for the particle to overcome the potential barrier of the negatively charged particles to pass through the sheath, eventually reaching the substrate. The model further shows that the probability of a particle being deposited on the substrate is higher for increased gas flow rates, which correctly predicts the experimentally observed trend.
Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome: Visual Effects (1988)

Visual Effects Have Been Measured In Patients With A Confirmed Diagnosis Of Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome (Ts), A Neuropsychiatric Disorder Characterized By Motor And Vocal Tics, And Behavioral Anomalies. Of The Visual Manifestations Revealed, The Authors Consider Anomalies In The Measured Kinetic Paracentral Visual Field And The Visual (And General) Fatigue Effect In This Paper. All 24 Individuals With Tourette Syndrome Studied To Date Exhibit Paracentral Kinetic Visual Field Defects (Arcuate Anomalies, Nasal And Temporal Steps, Enlargement And/Or Baring Of The Blind Spot), And About Half Of These Same Patients Exhibit Loss In Sensitivity In Time Which The Authors Term 'Fatigue' Effects. The Visual Acuity Of These Patients Was Good To Excellent. Visual Field Alterations Were Prechiasmal, Generally Nonsymmetric, And The Most Commonly Affected Isopters On The Goldmann Perimeter Were For Targets I/2e To I/Lb. After Careful Examination And Ophthalmological Consultations, It Was Clear That None Of The Individuals Tested To Date Manifest Glaucoma. Automated Visual Field Measurements Are Not Recommended In This Set Of Patients. Extensive Parallel Studies On Parents, Siblings And Children Have Also Been Conducted With Very Revealing Results. These Data Are Reported Separately.
Genomic profiling of ER + breast cancers after short-term estrogen suppression reveals alterations associated with endocrine resistance (2017)

Inhibition of proliferation in estrogen receptor-positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) breast cancers after short-term antiestrogen therapy correlates with long-term patient outcome. We profiled 155 ER<sup>+</sup>/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2<sup>-</sup>) early breast cancers from 143 patients treated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole for 10 to 21 days before surgery. Twenty-one percent of tumors remained highly proliferative, suggesting that these tumors harbor alterations associated with intrinsic endocrine therapy resistance. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a correlation between 8p11-12 and 11q13 gene amplifications, including <i>FGFR1</i> and <i>CCND1</i>, respectively, and high Ki67. We corroborated these findings in a separate cohort of serial pretreatment, postneoadjuvant chemotherapy, and recurrent ER<sup>+</sup> tumors. Combined inhibition of FGFR1 and CDK4/6 reversed antiestrogen resistance in ER<sup>+</sup><i>FGFR1</i>/<i>CCND1</i> coamplified CAMA1 breast cancer cells. RNA sequencing of letrozole-treated tumors revealed the existence of intrachromosomal <i>ESR1</i> fusion transcripts and increased expression of gene signatures indicative of enhanced E2F-mediated transcription and cell cycle processes in cancers with high Ki67. These data suggest that short-term preoperative estrogen deprivation followed by genomic profiling can be used to identify druggable alterations that may cause intrinsic endocrine therapy resistance.
130. The influence of solvents and of other factors on the rotation of optically active compounds. Part XXXIV. The influence of water and of deuterium oxide (1937)

C. Buchanan, J. Chem. Soc., 1937, 581 DOI: 10.1039/JR9370000581
C2 spinal cord stimulation induces dynorphin release from rat T4 spinal cord: potential modulation of myocardial ischemia-sensitive neurons (2008)

During myocardial ischemia, the cranial cervical spinal cord (C1-C2) modulates the central processing of the cardiac nociceptive signal. This study was done to determine 1) whether C2 SCS-induced release of an analgesic neuropeptide in the dorsal horn of the thoracic (T4) spinal cord; 2) if one of the sources of this analgesic peptide was cervical propriospinal neurons, and 3) if chemical inactivation of C2 neurons altered local T4 substance P (SP) release during concurrent C2 SCS and cardiac ischemia. Ischemia was induced by intermittent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (CoAO) in urethane-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. Release of dynorphin A (1-13), (DYN) and SP was determined using antibody-coated microprobes inserted into T4. SCS alone induced DYN release from laminae I-V in T4, and this release was maintained during CoAO. C2 injection of the excitotoxin, ibotenic acid, prior to SCS, inhibited T4 DYN release during SCS and ischemia; it also reversed the inhibition of SP release from T4 dorsal laminae during C2 SCS and CoAO. Injection of the kappa-opioid antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine, into T4 also allowed an increased SP release during SCS and CoAO. CoAO increased the number of Fos-positive neurons in T4 dorsal horns but not in the intermediolateral columns (IML), while SCS (either alone or during CoAO) minimized this dorsal horn response to CoAO alone, while inducing T4 IML neuronal recruitment. These results suggest that activation of cervical propriospinal pathways induces DYN release in the thoracic spinal cord, thereby modulating nociceptive signals from the ischemic heart.
Life Cycle Assessment of Manure Treatment in Scaled Cattle Farms (2010)

In this study,life cycle assessment methodology was applied to assess two kinds of manure treatment processes in scaled cattle farms from the point of life cycle environmental impacts.By establishing and analyzing life cycle inventory of manure treatment in a certain scaled cattle farm,the results showed that the significant environmental impact factor was global warming during the process of manure treat-ment,and the next was acidification and eutrophication.Further,the potentials of acidification and eutrophication in aerobic composting pro-cess were greater than those in anaerobic fermentation process,conversely the potential of global warming in anaerobic fermentation process was greater than that in aerobic composting process.By comprehensive comparison,the aggregate life cycle environmental impact index of anaerobic fermentation process and aerobic composting process were respectively 0.011 2 and 0.024 3,which indicated that the environmen-tal impact of anaerobic fermentation process was smaller than that of aerobic composting process,and therefore anaerobic fermentation pro-cess was recommended to treat manure in the scaled cattle farm.
Natalizumab restores aberrant miRNAexpression profile in multiple sclerosis and reveals a critical role for miR‐20b (2014)

Our study indicates that natalizumab restores dysregulated miRNA patterns in MS and reveals the contribution of miR-20b in autoimmune demyelination in vivo.
(Invited) Towards a Fundamental Understanding of the Cathode Degradation Mechanisms (2014)

While impressive solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance has been achieved, durability under “real world” conditions is still an issue for commercial deployment. In particular cathode exposure to H 2 O and CO 2 can result in long-term performance degradation issues. Therefore, we have embarked on a multi-faceted fundamental investigation of the effect of these contaminants on cathode degradation mechanisms in order to establish cathode composition/structures and operational conditions to enhance cathode durability. Using a Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/SEM we are quantifying in 3-D the microstructural changes of the cathode before and after the onset of cathode performance degradation. This includes changes in TPB density, phase-connectivity, and tortuosity, as well as tertiary phase formation. This is then linked to heterogeneous catalysis methods to elucidate the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism to determine how H 2 O and CO 2 affect the ORR as a function of temperature, time, and composition. By use of in-situ 18 O-isotope exchange of labeled contaminants we are investigating whether oxygen incorporated in the lattice of LSM and LSCF, and their composites with YSZ and GDC, respectively, originated from ambient O 2 or the contaminant, as well as intermediate adsorbed species and mechanisms that lead to degradation. The results will be used to develop a cohesive and overarching theory that explains the microstructural and compositional cathode performance degradation mechanisms.
Irritation-free pattern projection system for accurate 3D face and body scans (2018)

Abstract Three dimensional scanning of human bodies or parts of person become more and more a matter of interest especially in medical applications. In this paper a new 3D scanning system is introduced which is absolutely irritation-free based on the structured light illumination by aperiodic sinusoidal fringe patterns in the near infrared range. Hence, it is particularly suitable for continuing human face scanning. The system is based on optical stereo capturing and structured light illumination using the GOBO principle. The measurement principle of the system is explained and examples of face and body scans are given. The measurement accuracy was evaluated by experiments and will be presented and discussed as well as an outlook to future work.
High expression FUT1 and B3GALT5 is an independent predictor of postoperative recurrence and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (2017)

Cancer may arise from dedifferentiation of mature cells or maturation-arrested stem cells. Previously we reported that definitive endoderm from which liver was derived, expressed Globo H, SSEA-3 and SSEA-4. In this study, we examined the expression of their biosynthetic enzymes, FUT1, FUT2, B3GALT5 and ST3GAL2, in 135 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues by qRT-PCR. High expression of either FUT1 or B3GALT5 was significantly associated with advanced stages and poor outcome. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) for those with high expression of either FUT1 or B3GALT5 (P = 0.024 and 0.001, respectively) and shorter overall survival (OS) for those with high expression of B3GALT5 (P = 0.017). Combination of FUT1 and B3GALT5 revealed that high expression of both genes had poorer RFS and OS than the others (P < 0.001). Moreover, multivariable Cox regression analysis identified the combination of B3GALT5 and FUT1 as an independent predictor for RFS (HR: 2.370, 95% CI: 1.505-3.731, P < 0.001) and OS (HR: 2.153, 95% CI: 1.188-3.902, P = 0.012) in HCC. In addition, the presence of Globo H, SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 in some HCC tissues and their absence in normal liver was established by immunohistochemistry staining and mass spectrometric analysis.
Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction towards Syngas Generation (2020)

Shifting syngas (an H<sub>2</sub> /CO mixture) production away from fossil-fuel-dependent processes (e.g., steam methane reforming and coal gasification) is mandatory, as syngas is of interest as both a fuel and as a value-added chemical precursor. With appropriate electrocatalysts, such as silver-based and metal-nitrogen-carbon (M-N-C) materials, the electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub> RR) allows for the production of CO alongside H<sub>2</sub> (from the hydrogen evolution reaction), and thus leads to syngas generation. In this Minireview, the application of M-N-C electrocatalysts for syngas generation is discussed. The mechanisms leading to different faradaic selectivities for CO are reviewed as a function of the nature of the metal, by using both computational and experimental approaches. The role played by the metal-free moieties in the M-N-C electrocatalysts is underlined. Since M-N-C electrocatalysts only recently entered the CO<sub>2</sub> RR field (as opposed to Cu-, Ag-, or Au-based nanostructures), they have been mainly characterized in static liquid environments, in which the reaction rate is significantly hampered by CO<sub>2</sub> -dissolution/diffusion limitations. Therefore, the design of CO<sub>2</sub> RR electrolyzers for M-N-C electrocatalysts is addressed, and designs such as zero-gap electrolyzers with anionic membranes and humidified CO<sub>2</sub> gas feed at the cathode are highlighted.
Book reviews (1982)

Language in Zambia. Sirarpi Ohannessian and Mubanga E. Kashoki (eds). London, International African Institute, 1978. x + 461 pp. Ujamaa Villages in Tanzania: Analysis of a Social Experiment. Michaela von Freyhold. New York, Monthly Review Press, 1979. 201 pp. Overcoming Rural Underdevelopment: Proceedings of a Workshop on Alternative Agrarian Systems and Rural Development, Arusha, Tanzania, 4–14 April 1979. D. Ghai, E. Lee and J. Maeda (eds). Geneva, International Labour Office, 1979. 98pp. Ethos and Identity: Three Studies in Ethnicity. A. L. Epstein. London, Tavistock Publications, 1978. £2,95. Symposium on Drought in Botswana. M. T. Hinchley (ed.). Hanover, University Press of New England, 1979. 305 pp. Military Politics in Nigeria: Economic Development and Political Stability Theophilus O. Odetola. New Brunswick, Transaction Books, 1978. The South African War: The Anglo‐Boer War 1899–1902. Peter Warwick and S. Spies (general and advisory eds). London, Longman, 1980. The Imperial Bureaucrat: The Colonial Administrative Service in the Gold Coast, 1920–1939. Hendrika Kuklick. Stanford, Hoover Institution Press, 1979. 226 pp. Islam in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Partially Annotated Guide. Samir M. Zoghby (comp.). Washington, African Section, Library of Congress, 1978. 318 pp. Kenya: Subject Guide to Official Publications. John Bruce Howeix (comp.). Washington, Library of Congress, 1978. Bibliography of Official Publications of the Black South African Homelands. D. A. KOTZÉ. Pretoria, University of South Africa, 1979. 80 pp.
Reliable Carrier Phase Positioning with Multi-Frequency Code Carrier Linear Combinations (2010)

Carrier phase measurements are extremely accurate but ambiguous. The estimation of the integer ambiguities is in general split in two parts: A least-squares float solution, which is obtained by disregarding the integer property, and the actual fixing. The latter one can be a simple rounding, a sequential fixing (bootstrapping), or an integer least-squares estimation, which typically includes an integer decorrelation and a search. All these fixing methods suffer from a poor accuracy of the float solution due to the small carrier wavelengths. Moreover, the optimal integer least-squares estimation techniques are extremely sensitive to unknown biases. This paper provides a new group of multi-frequency linear combinations to overcome the previous shortcomings: The combinations include both code and carrier phase measurements, and allow an arbitrary scaling of the geometry, an arbitrary scaling of the ionospheric delay, and any preferred wavelength. The maximization of the ambiguity discrimination results in combinations with a wavelength of several meters and a noise level of a few centimeters. These combinations are recommended for any application where reliability is more important than accuracy.
Moreover, the paper provides an efficient method for the computation of the success rate of rounding.
In Vivo Validation of Modulated Acoustic Radiation Force–Based Imaging in Murine Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Using VEGFR-2–Targeted Microbubbles (2023)

The mARF-based imaging technique was validated in vivo using a murine model of AAA and VEGFR-2-targeted MBs. Results in this study indicated that the mARF-based imaging technique has the ability to detect and assess AAA growth at early stages based on the signal intensity of adherent targeted MBs, which is correlated with the expression level of the desired molecular biomarker. The results may suggest, in very long term, a pathway toward eventual clinical implementation for an ultrasound molecular imaging-based approach to AAA risk assessment in asymptomatic patients.
Uniform Heating Model Analysis for the Formation Process of Aluminium Foam by Spot-Type Halogen Lamp (2019)

Heat treatment by heating furnace has limited the capability of heat treatment processes to control the desired heating volume and products’ sizes. This study introduced a heat treatment process using light heat sourced from a spot-type halogen lamp, with the aim of clarifying the thermal phenomenon of aluminium (Al) foam. Here, the temperature and deformation of Al foam were observed experimentally. In addition, thermal analysis was conducted numerically using a uniform heating model by neglecting the energy consumption of the blowing agent and deformation and thermal conductivity of Al. The experimental results revealed that the precursor initially formed at almost the same time as the phase change. The numerical results almost corresponded with the experimental results until the melting point of Al, after which a slight disagreement was observed. Moreover, the phase transformation appeared slightly earlier as a result of neglecting the deformation of Al foam and energy consumption of the blowing agent. Although the formation of Al foam cannot be expressed perfectly using the proposed uniform heating model, a qualitative phenomenon of such formation was successfully explained. In the future, the effects of deformation and energy consumption of the blowing agent and the thermal conductivity of Al can be considered in the proposed uniform heating model.
Low Surface Energy Characteristics of Mesophase-Forming ABC and ACB Triblock Copolymers with Fluorinated B Blocks (2005)

ABSTRACT We prepared several triblock copolymers of the A‒B‒C and A–C–B types composed of hydrophobic polystyrene (A), hydrophobic/lipophobic fluorinated polystyrene (B), and hydrophilic PEG-modified polystyrene (C) blocks with greatly varied degrees of polymerization. The resulting surface structure and organization of the polymer films were investigated by measurements of the static contact angle with several interrogating liquids and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at different take-off angles. The contact angle values were also used to evaluate the film surface tensions, following two fundamentally different approaches. The low surface energies found for any of the triblock copolymers were attributed to the pronounced hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of the outermost surface caused by the preferential segregation of the fluorinated block regardless of the distinctly different macromolecular architectures of the triblock copolymers.
Long-term imaging of mouse embryos using adaptive harmonic generation microscopy (2011)

We present a detailed description of an adaptive harmonic generation (HG) microscope and culture techniques that permit long-term, three-dimensional imaging of mouse embryos. HG signal from both pre- and postimplantation stage (0.5-5.5 day-old) mouse embryos are fully characterized. The second HG images reveal central spindles during cytokinesis whereas third HG images show several features, such as lipid droplets, nucleoli, and plasma membranes. The embryos are found to develop normally during one-day-long discontinuous HG imaging, permitting the observation of several dynamic events, such as morula compaction and blastocyst formation.