gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-thin phospholipid layers physically adsorbed upon glass characterized by nano-indentation at the surface contact level (2009)

Dipalmitoylphosphatic acid was chosen as a model to interpret how molecules physically adsorbed upon glass responded to an infinitesimal oscillation force at the surface contact level. Oscillation of a nano-indentation tip toward the phospholipid layers was driven by a dynamic contact module at a constant harmonic frequency; the phase angle of the oscillation frequency was exponentially relaxed along the nano-scale displacement. The tip-on-molecule contact was thereafter identified and influenced by the characteristic of the physically adsorbed phospholipids. By applying the harmonic displacement of the nano-indentation tip and making a distinction between full contact displacements, the thickness of the phospholipid layers was thereafter estimated. Moreover, the additional force required to penetrate through the physically adsorbed molecules was minor compared to the analogous process for the chemically adsorbed ones. The importance of recognizing the physically adsorbed molecules is relevant to applications of contact mechanics for the distinction of various phospholipids. Furthermore it is very promising to interpret the mechanism by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical responses on the channels of phospholipids.
Efficient synthesis of pyridines via a sequential solventless aldol condensation and Michael additionElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: summary of the waste from the syntheses of 4,6-diphenyl-2,3′-bipyridine and 4′-phenyl-4,2′:6′,4″-terpyridyl by the conventional and green routes. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/p1/b1/b107302h/ (2001)

The aldol condensation of an enolisable ketone and a benzaldehyde followed by Michael addition of the enone with a second enolisable ketone under solvent free conditions leads to the quantitative formation of a diketone, which can be readily converted to a pyridine (typically >80% overall yield) via a double condensation in the presence of ammonium acetate in acetic acid, allowing access to a diverse range of oligopyridyls including bipyridyls and terpyridyls.
Development of a Sandwich-Type ELISA for Measuring Pla a 1, the Major Allergen of <i>Platanus acerifolia </i>Pollen (2005)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Platanus acerifolia &lt;/i&gt;is an important cause of pollinosis in Western European cities. Pla a 1, a nonglycosylated 18-kDa protein with a prevalence of 80%, is a major allergen in &lt;i&gt;P. acerifolia&lt;/i&gt; pollen extracts. Our aim was to develop a Pla a 1-specific ELISA to quantify this protein in allergenic extracts and preparations for clinical use. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Pla a 1 was purified by cation exchange at pH 7.0, gel filtration, and anion exchange chromatography at pH 10.0. Monoclonal (mAb) and polyclonal antibodies were obtained by immunizing mice and rabbits with nPla a 1. One (5C1) of the 13 mAb obtained was used as capture antibody at 5 µg/ml and biotin-labeled specific polyclonal antiserum at 0.63 µg/ml served for detection. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The prevalence of Pla a 1-specific IgE to purified Pla a 1 among 47 &lt;i&gt;P. acerifolia&lt;/i&gt;-allergic patients was 79%. The Pla a 1-ELISA developed has a linear range of 3–25 ng/ml, high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.5 ng/ml and is highly specific as none of the 24 pollen, mite, mold, and plant food extracts tested gave positive results. The assay could quantify Pla a 1-like proteins in other planetree pollen extracts. A good correlation was obtained between Pla a 1 content of 11 &lt;i&gt;P. acerifolia&lt;/i&gt; pollen extracts (average content 0.69% of the total protein) and their IgE-binding activity. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The described two-site sandwich ELISA to measure Pla a 1 is useful for standardization of planetree pollen extracts intended for clinical use.
Facial Plethora: Modern Technology for Quantifying an Ancient Clinical Sign and Its Use in Cushing Syndrome (2015)

Clinical data obtained from 34 patients indicate that a decrease in facial plethora after surgery, as evidenced by a decrease in blood volume fraction, is correlated with CS outcome. This novel technology for the first time identified a physiological mechanism associated with an ancient clinical sign. Furthermore, as a proof of principle, MSI is a promising early marker of cure in patients with CS that complements biochemical and clinical data.
Isolation of a cDNA encoding a photoreceptor cell‐specific actin‐bundling protein: retinal fascin (1997)

We have isolated a novel retina-specific gene, retinal fascin, encoding a new member of actin-bundling protein gene family, from a bovine retina cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a 492 amino acid protein which shows 36-57% amino acid identity with three vertebrate fascins, echinoid fascin and Drosophila singed gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that retinal fascin mRNA was exclusively expressed in the eye and not seen in other tissues examined. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that retinal fascin mRNA signals were found only in the inner segment of the photoreceptor layer and outer nuclear layer, indicating that retinal fascin was specifically expressed in photoreceptor cells. As fascins are actin-bundling proteins important for constructing several intracellular structures, retinal fascin might play a pivotal role in photoreceptor cell-specific events, such as disk morphogenesis.
Hierarchy-based incremental analysis of communication protocols (2002)

The authors present an incremental strategy for reachability analysis of communication protocols modeled as sets of communicating finite state machines (CFSMs) with synchronous communication and direct naming. A set of CFSMs is organized into a hierarchy. The authors present an algorithm that, for a given hierarchy of a set M of CFSMs, incrementally composes and reduces subsets of CFSMs in M and finally produces a minimum CFSM describing the external behavior of M. It is also showed that this incremental reachability analysis guarantees the detection of global deadlocks. An algorithm for selecting a hierarchy for a set of CFSMs and some empirical results are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Linear Programming Model for Determining Distribution of User Sessions in a Voice Over Internet Protocol Network (2020)

Telecommunications service providers build highly available networks using equipment redundancy and overload protection mechanisms. However, because of network equipment misconfiguration or a natural disaster, the network equipment failover could be unsuccessful. This article proposes a linear programming model for determining the optimal distribution of user sessions in a commercial network such that the impact of an unsuccessful network equipment failover is minimal. The model has been applied successfully during the design of a commercial network that supports approximately 5 million customers. The proposed model will be useful for managing the telecommunication networks in a way that is more robust to catastrophic failure, providing greater security and better service to users. The article also presents quantitative results that show a modest increase in end-to-end one-way speech transmission delay ranging from 3.5 to 8.1 ms. This delay is also known as mouth-to-ear delay. The article proposes improvements to the linear programming model by putting an upper limit on the potential increase in the mouth-to-ear delay.
Three wavelengths parallel phase-shift interferometry for real-time focus tracking and vibration measurement (2017)

Instantaneous high-resolution, wide-range focus tracking and a vibrometry system based on three-wavelength (3λ) parallel phase-shift polarization interferometry using three detectors per wavelength is presented. The system, implementing 3λ in-parallel three-phase-shift-interferometry channels for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, allows single-shot position tracking of motion profiles with extremely high velocities and vibration rates, long inter-step heights, and sub-nanometer scale accuracy. The system's simple design and algorithm presented here do not rely on active optical components, making its performance limited only by the detectors' bandwidths and allowing the setting up of a very high-performance low-cost vibrometry system.
Disorder-dependent superconducting phase diagram at high magnetic fields in Fe1+ySexTe1−x(x∼0.4) (2011)

We compare the superconducting phase-diagram under high magnetic fields (up to $H=45$ T) of Fe${}_{1+y}$Se${}_{0.4}$Te${}_{0.6}$ single crystals originally grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger (BRST) technique, which were annealed to display narrow superconducting transitions and the optimal transition temperature ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}14$ K, with the diagram for samples of similar stoichiometry grown by the traveling-solvent floating-zone technique as well as with the phase diagram reported for crystals grown by a self-flux method. We find that the so-annealed samples tend to display higher ratios ${H}_{c2}/{T}_{c}$, particularly for fields applied along the interplanar direction, where the upper critical field ${H}_{c2}(T)$ exhibits a pronounced concave down curvature followed by saturation at lower temperatures $T$. This last observation is consistent with previous studies indicating that this system is Pauli limited. An analysis of our ${H}_{c2}(T)$ data using a multiband theory suggests the emergence of the Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchnikov state at low temperatures. A detailed structural x-ray analysis, reveals no impurity phases but an appreciable degree of mosaicity in as-grown BRST single crystals that remains unaffected by the annealing process. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis showed that the annealed samples have a more homogeneous stoichiometric distribution of both Fe and Se with virtually the same content of interstitial Fe as the nonannealed ones. Thus we conclude that the excess of Fe, in contrast to structural disorder, contributes to the decrease of the superconducting upper-critical fields of this series. Finally, a scaling analysis of the fluctuation conductivity in the superconducting critical regime, suggests that the superconducting fluctuations have a two-dimensional character in this system.
State of the Art and Perspectives of Hierarchical Zeolites: Practical Overview of Synthesis Methods and Use in Catalysis (2020)

Microporous zeolites have proven to be of great importance in many chemical processes. Yet, they often suffer from diffusion limitations causing inefficient use of the available catalytically active sites. To address this problem, hierarchical zeolites have been developed, which extensively improve the catalytic performance. There is a multitude of recent literature describing synthesis of and catalysis with these hierarchical zeolites. This review attempts to organize and overview this literature (of the last 5 years), with emphasis on the most important advances with regard to synthesis and application of such zeolites. Special attention is paid to the most common and important 10- and 12-membered ring zeolites (MTT, TON, FER, MFI, MOR, FAU, and *BEA). In contrast to previous reviews, the research per zeolite topology is brought together and discussed here. This allows the reader to instantly find the best synthesis method in accordance to the desired zeolite properties. A summarizing graph is made available to enable the reader to select suitable synthesis procedures based on zeolite acidity and mesoporosity, the two most important tunable properties.
Effects of dental amalgam and heavy metal cations on cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro (1998)

The effects of dental amalgam on cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were analyzed. To induce cytokine production, PBMC were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin, or staphylococcal enterotoxin A and cultured for 48 h in the presence of either freshly prepared amalgam, aged amalgam, or amalgam-conditioned culture medium (ACCM). The concentrations of several cytokines were measured in PBMC supernatants by enzyme-amplified sensitivity immunoassays (EASIAs). Freshly prepared amalgam as well as ACCM induced a decrease in the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), and an increase in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Both fresh amalgam and ACCM showed no effects on IL-2, IL-6, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels. Amalgam aged for 6 weeks did not affect the concentration of any of the above cytokines. To investigate which heavy metal cations released from amalgam caused the observed immunomodulatory effects, Cu2+, Hg2+, and Sn2+, which were detected in amalgam supernatants by inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrophotometry, were added as salts to the cultures. Cu2+ and Hg2+ induced a decrease in IFN-γ and IL-10 levels, and Hg2+ an increase in TNF-α concentrations. Cytokine production was not significantly modulated by Sn2+. Under these experimental conditions, release of Ag+ into culture medium was not detectable. However, Ag+ markedly suppressed the production of IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α. In summary, our results show that fresh amalgam, but not amalgam aged for 6 weeks, causes changes in the cytokine pattern of PBMC in vitro, and that these effects are due to the release of Cu2+ and Hg2+. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 76–84, 1998.
Single-crystal Raman spectra of arsenolite (As4O6) and senarmonite (Sb4O6). The gas-phase Raman spectra of P4O6, P4O10, and As4O6 (1970)

The observed fundamentals of the cubic form of As4O6(arsenolite) are unambiguously assigned from single-crystal measurements. Data are also reported for the isomorphous senarmonite (Sb4O6) which (in the mineral) contains small quantities of the orthorhombic polymorph valentinite (Sb4O6). The gas-phase Raman spectra of P4O10, P4O6, and As4O6(together with polarization data) suggest that the cage structure is retained in the gas phase.
The effect of selected preparation variables on the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-sestamibi. (2005)

For any combination of these 4 variables, the mean RCP remained greater than or equal to 90%, that is, within the recommended range of RCP for clinical use at radioactivity levels ranging from 5,550 MBq to 37,000 MBq.
“Treno della Memoria”. Un progetto di Public History come mezzo per l’inclusione sociale delle minoranze (2020)

Il contributo è l'abstract della relazione presentata allaTerza Conferenza Nazionale AIPH in relazione all'esperienza didattica dei "Treni della Memoria" come elemento d'inclusione delle minoranze e riattivazione della narrazione storica in senso autobiografico e come quadro sociale di memoria.&#13;\nIt concerns the abstract of the report presented at the Third AIPH National Conference in relation to the educational experience of the "Memory Trains" as an element of inclusion of minorities and reactivation of the historical narrative in an autobiographical sense and as a social framework of memory
Pilot Symbol-Assisted Coherent Multistage Interference Canceller Using Recursive Channel Estimation for DS-CDMA Mobile Radio (1996)

A pilot symbol-assisted coherent multistage interference canceller using recursive channel estimation is proposed for DS-CDMA mobile radio cellular system. Since the channel variation caused by fading is recursively estimated at each interference cancelling stage, the accuracy of channel estimation is improved successively. Computer simulation results show that the required E/sub b//N/sub 0/ at the average BER of 3/spl times/10/sup -2/ is improved by /spl sim/3.5 dB compared to the matched filter receiver for 10 users and two paths with equal power, and where f/sub d/T=10/sup -3/ (f/sub d/: fading maximum Doppler frequency, T: data symbol duration).
Trapping and acceleration of nonideal injected electron bunches in laser Wakefield accelerators (2005)

Most conceptual designs for future laser wakefield accelerators (LWFA) require external injection of precisely-phased, monoenergetic, ultrashort bunches of MeV electrons. This paper reports simulation and Hamiltonian models of several nonideal injection schemes that demonstrate strong phase bunching and good accelerated beam quality in a channel-guided LWFA. For the case of monoenergetic, unphased (long bunch) injection, there is an optimum range of injection energies for which the LWFA can trap a significant fraction of the injected pulse while producing an ultrashort, high-quality accelerated pulse. These favorable results are due to a combination of pruning of particles at unfavorable phases, rapid acceleration, and strong phase bunching. Also, the plasma channel introduces a favorable shift in the region of accelerating phase where electrons are focused, which can significantly reduce the required injection energy. Simulation results agree well with the predictions of the Hamiltonian model. Simulations of phased injection with a broad injected energy spread also exhibit final accelerated bunches with small energy spread. These results suggest that relatively poor quality injection pulses may still be useful in LWFA demonstration experiments.
Situation-aware User Interest Mining on Mobile Handheld Devices. (2009)

Abstract. We present our experience in creating a novel unsupervised clustering algorithm for situation-aware pattern extraction from usage logs. The algorithm automatically estimates near-optimal number of clusters and cluster centroids. It models situation by taking advantage of sensors. 5-fold cross validations using real-world data show that the algorithm delivers higher accuracy than existing algorithms with much lower complexity. As a result it is the first clustering algorithm that can be practically deployed on mobile handheld devices in the real world. We also describe the research problems in situation-aware personalization that must be addressed before users can benefit from the learning algorithms and speculate on possible approaches to the solutions.
Hippocampal Neuronal Activity Preceding Stimulus Predicts Later Memory Success (2023)

Hippocampal neuronal activity at a time preceding stimulus onset affects episodic memory performance. We hypothesized that neuronal activity preceding an event supports successful memory formation; therefore, we explored whether a characterized encoding-associated brain activity, viz. the neuronal activity preceding a stimulus, predicts subsequent memory formation. To address this issue, we assessed the activity of single neurons recorded from the hippocampus in humans, while participants performed word memory tasks. Human hippocampal single-unit activity elicited by a fixation cue preceding words increased the firing rates (FRs) and predicted whether the words are recalled in a subsequent memory test; this indicated that successful memory formation in humans can be predicted by a preceding stimulus activity during encoding. However, the predictive effect of preceding stimulus activity did not occur during retrieval. These findings suggest that the preparative arrangement of brain activity before stimulus encoding improves subsequent memory performance.
Separation Control on a Cantilever Wing with a Self-Excited Vibrating Rod (2002)

The surface-flow characteristics and aerodynamic performance of a cantilever wing model subjected to the influence of a leading-edge control rod are studied in a wind tunnel. Circular rods of various materials and diameters installed at various distances from the leading edge of the wing are tested at low chord Reynolds numbers. Some selected small-diameter rods present a self-excited transverse vibration when they are placed very close to the leading edge. Through the surface oil-flow technique, the natural wing displays complex surface-flow patterns, which are commonly observed at a Reynolds-number range of 10 4 -10 6 . Under the action of rod vibration, turbulent boundary-layer behaviors usually found on a wing surface at large Reynolds numbers are observed. The separation resistance of boundary layer on the vibrating-rod controlled wing is remarkably larger than the natural and rod-wake disturbed wings
Nickel-based Cathode for Li-ion Batteries (2020)

Nickel-based cathodes are quickly growing in popularity both commercially and academically. Initially Ni-based cathodes started as LiNiO2 (LNO) and were sought after due to the cheaper and more abundant Ni over Co (in LiCoO2). High capacities for lithium-ions were reported but always at the cost of cyclability and safety. Fast-forwarding to the present, the well-known Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) and Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum (NCA) based cathode technology has drastically transformed compared to the initial LNO. Today NMC and NCA serve as the most popular lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathode technologies for full/hybrid electric vehicles. The lower cost and increase in energy density stemming from the switch from Co to Ni has unequivocally transformed the LIB industry. This chapter will explore the developmental history of Ni-based cathodes with a specific emphasis on NMC and NCA materials, roles of each metal and popular synthesis and manufacturing methods. To follow will be a discussion on the recent NMC/NCA research trends such as the gradual increase in Ni content and the corresponding challenges. The current advantages and challenges of these materials will be highlighted followed by a discussion on effective strategies. Finally, this chapter will conclude with a brief discussion on the overall role of NMC in the cathode material market relative to the other competing technologies.
Can perceptual learning alleviate the global motion direction discrimination deficit in amblyopia? (2016)

Amblyopia causes a contrast sensitivity deficit in the amblyopic eye. However there is also evidence of additional deficits affecting functions further along the processing stream, e.g. an impairment in global motion processing that is not specific to the amblyopic eye. Perceptual learning studies on normal observers have demonstrated significant improvements in global motion tasks. On this basis, we have applied these methods in an attempt to: i) improve global motion processing in amblyopic observers, and ii) determine whether the learning effects are specific to the trained eye. We tested 5 normals and 6 amblyopes on a motion direction discrimination task. Our stimuli were a field of isotropic log-Gabors with peak spatial frequency of 3 c/deg (spatially band-pass "dots"). In each trial we first presented a stimulus with a fixed reference motion direction, and then a test stimulus with its motion direction defined as an offset from that reference. The observer responded whether the second interval's direction was clockwise or anti-clockwise relative to the first. The difficulty of the task was varied by modifying the offset angle. We measured monocular baseline thresholds for each eye (day 1), and then conducted 10 days of monocular training for 40 minutes/day (days 2-11). Half of the amblyopes trained with their amblyopic eye, half with their fellow eye. After training we then made two retest measurements for each eye (days 12 and 13). Surprisingly, we do not find the expected training effect in either our normal or our amblyopic observers. Thresholds were generally lower following training, however this difference is not statistically significant. It is possible that the critical difference between our study and those that have found large training effects is the spatially broadband nature of the stimuli used in previous studies. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2016