gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of inorganic electride thin films via site-selective extrusion by energetic inert gas ions (2004)

Inert gas ion implantation (acceleration voltage 300kV) into polycrystalline 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) films was investigated with fluences from 1×1016 to 1×1017cm−2 at elevated temperatures. Upon hot implantation at 600°C with fluences greater than 1×1017cm−2, the obtained films were colored and exhibited high electrical conductivity in the as-implanted state. The extrusion of O2− ions encaged in the crystallographic cages of C12A7 crystal, which leaves electrons in the cages at concentrations up to ∼1.4×1021cm−3, may cause the high electrical conductivity. On the other hand, when the fluence is less than 1×1017cm−2, the as-implanted films are optically transparent and electrically insulating. The conductivity is enhanced and the films become colored by irradiating with ultraviolet light due to the formation of F+-like centers. The electrons forming the F+-like centers are photo released from the encaged H− ions, which are presumably derived from the preexisting OH− groups. The induced electron concentration is proportional to the calculated displacements per atom, which suggests that nuclear collision effects of the implanted ions play a dominant role in forming the electron and H− ion in the films. The hot ion implantation technique provides a nonchemical process for preparing electronic conductive C12A7 films.
FET performance and substitution effect on 2,6-dithienylanthracene devices prepared by photoirradiation of their diketone precursors (2012)

Hole mobility was evaluated by top-contact bottom gate field effect transistor and time resolved microwave conductivity measurements in 2,6-dithienylanthracene and hexyl-substituted 2,6-dithienylanthracene films prepared by spin-coating of their α-diketone precursors followed by photoirradiation, revealing enough high potentials for semiconducting films with charge carrier mobilities of 0.8-0.9 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) in the photo-irradiated films.
The Development of a Standard Test for Assessing the Effectiveness of Transit Vehicle Fire Extinguishing Systems (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Few standard approval tests exist for fire extinguishing systems for commercial vehicles, such as transit vehicles, coaches etc. Therefore, a representative test article has been constructed to evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of current in-house fire protection systems. This data will then be used as a benchmark against which the performance of future fire extinguishing systems can be judged.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The test article is a fire-hardened simulation of a rear-engine transit bus. Several fire locations are used, in two configurations: “small” and “large”. The former encompasses diesel fuel spray fires and small, obscured diesel pool fires some containing additional wood chips; the latter represents a more developed diesel fuel spray and larger diesel pool fires. Tests have also been run simulating the ignition of a diesel fuel spray impinging on a hot turbocharger. Parameters pertaining to restrike have also been investigated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Suppression tests have been carried out varying the type and amount of fire extinguishing agent, the location of the nozzles, and the presence or absence of airflow. In addition, the application rate was varied for dry chemical agents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Search for decays of neutral beauty mesons into four muons (2017)

A search for the non-resonant decays B 0 s + - + -and B 0 + - + - is presented. The measurement is performed using the full Run 1 data set collected in proton-proton collisions by the LHCb experiment at the LHC. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of 1 and 2 fb -1 collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. No signal is observed and upper limits on the branching fractions of the non-resonant decays at 95% confidence level are determined to be B(B 0 s + - + -) < 2.5 10 -9 , B(B 0 + - + -) < 6.9 10 -10 .
Subsumption is a Novel Feature Reduction Strategy for High Dimensionality Datasets (2022)

High dataset dimensionality poses challenges for machine learning classifiers because of high computational costs and the adverse consequences of redundant features. Feature reduction is an attractive remedy to high dimensionality. Three different feature reduction strategies (subsumption, Relief F, and principal component analysis) were evaluated using four machine learning classifiers on a high dimension dataset with 474 unique features, 20 diagnoses, and 364 instances. All three feature reduction strategies proved capable of significant feature reduction while maintaining classification accuracy. At high levels of feature reduction, the principal components strategy outperformed Relief F and subsumption. Subsumption is a novel strategy for feature reduction if features are organized in a hierarchical ontology.
Estimating aggregates in time-constrained approximate queries in Oracle (2009)

The concept of time-constrained SQL queries was introduced to address the problem of long-running SQL queries. A key approach adopted for supporting time-constrained SQL queries is to use sampling to reduce the amount of data that needs to be processed, thereby allowing completion of the query in the specified time constraint. However, sampling does make the query results approximate and hence requires the system to estimate the values of the expressions (especially aggregates) occurring in the select list. Thus, coming up with estimates for aggregates is crucial for time-constrained approximate SQL queries to be useful, which is the focus of this paper. Specifically, we address the problem of estimating commonly occurring aggregates (namely, SUM, COUNT, AVG, MEDIAN, MIN, and MAX) in time-constrained approximate queries. We give both point and interval estimates for SUM, COUNT, AVG, and MEDIAN using Bernoulli sampling for various type of queries, including join processing with cross product sampling. For MIN (MAX), we give the confidence level that the proportion 100γ% of the population will exceed the MIN (or be less than the MAX) obtained from the sampled data.
A microfluidic model of human brain (μHuB) for assessment of blood brain barrier (2018)

Microfluidic cellular models, commonly referred to as "organs-on-chips," continue to advance the field of bioengineering via the development of accurate and higher throughput models, captivating the essence of living human organs. This class of models can mimic key in vivo features, including shear stresses and cellular architectures, in ways that cannot be realized by traditional two-dimensional in vitro models. Despite such progress, current organ-on-a-chip models are often overly complex, require highly specialized setups and equipment, and lack the ability to easily ascertain temporal and spatial differences in the transport kinetics of compounds translocating across cellular barriers. To address this challenge, we report the development of a three-dimensional human blood brain barrier (BBB) microfluidic model (μHuB) using human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and primary human astrocytes within a commercially available microfluidic platform. Within μHuB, hCMEC/D3 monolayers withstood physiologically relevant shear stresses (2.73 dyn/cm<sup>2</sup>) over a period of 24 hr and formed a complete inner lumen, resembling in vivo blood capillaries. Monolayers within μHuB expressed phenotypical tight junction markers (Claudin-5 and ZO-1), which increased expression after the presence of hemodynamic-like shear stress. Negligible cell injury was observed when the monolayers were cultured statically, conditioned to shear stress, and subjected to nonfluorescent dextran (70 kDa) transport studies. μHuB experienced size-selective permeability of 10 and 70 kDa dextrans similar to other BBB models. However, with the ability to probe temporal and spatial evolution of solute distribution, μHuBs possess the ability to capture the true variability in permeability across a cellular monolayer over time and allow for evaluation of the full breadth of permeabilities that would otherwise be lost using traditional end-point sampling techniques. Overall, the μHuB platform provides a simplified, easy-to-use model to further investigate the complexities of the human BBB in real-time and can be readily adapted to incorporate additional cell types of the neurovascular unit and beyond.
Ni-Ion and $\gamma$ -Ray Irradiated Silica-Based Glasses Characterized by Luminescence and Raman Spectroscopies (2017)

An experimental investigation of Ni-ion (energy 3.6 MeV/nucleon) and y-ray irradiation effects on three different types of silica-based glasses: N-BK7 and two pure-silica (Herasil and Suprasil) samples has been conducted. Confocal micro-Raman (CMR) and confocal micro luminescence experiments (CML) allowed investigating the glass structural and emission modifications caused by both radiation types. Raman data recorded in the ion-irradiated samples provide evidence for increased concentration of the three membered rings in the pure-silica samples and of the boron nonbridging oxygens in BK7 in the first 15 μm from the surface. The principal CML results, obtained under 325-nm excitation, concern the dose dependences of green light emissions detected at ~530 nm in pure silica and 550 nm in BK7. The related emitting centers are located in the first micrometer under the surface exposed to Ni ions. When exciting these samples at 633 nm, the signature of the Nonbridging Oxygen Hole Center (NBOHC) is detected in the irradiated silica materials. NBOHCs feature the expected dose dependences in the y-ray irradiated samples. Considering the Ni-irradiated materials, their CML profiles have similar shape, suggesting that their concentration is almost constant up to 15-μm depth and then decreases quickly. The CML spectra of the BK7 pristine sample are dominated by a 780-nm emission, whereas after irradiation, a signal peaking at 750 nm becomes preponderant. Such activity follows a sublinear (Dose0.5) growth under y rays; this result if confirmed at lower doses suggests a generation from matrix site rather than a precursor site. The CML profile in the Ni-irradiated specimen suggests that most of the radiation-induced defects are located in the first 15 μm under the surface. The CMR and CML data of the Ni-irradiated materials qualitatively agree with the energy loss simulation performed using the SRIM software.
Multiple-beam interference patterns in optical fiber generated with ultrafast pulses and a phase mask (2004)

We compare the cladding patterns present in grating structures fabricated with an ultrafast laser and a phase mask with a cw beam interference model. We find that the observed patterns agree well with the model results for picosecond pulses; however, for femtosecond pulses, we show that the full bandwidth and the pulsed nature of the sources must be considered because the pattern can be affected by group-velocity walk-off. An interesting consequence of order walk-off is the possibility of pure two-beam interference generation with a phase mask in the femtosecond pulse regime.
Investigation of nonlinear characteristics in CROW based on horizontally slotted nanobeam cavity (2014)

We propose a CROW based on a horizontally slotted nanobeam cavity and investigate its nonlinear characteristics. Numerical results show our proposed structure can achieve the large effective nonlinear coefficients and the small leakage losses simultaneously.
DESIGNING A COMMERCIAL BIOMATERIAL FOR A SPECIFIC UNMET CLINICAL NEED: AN ADHESIVE ODYSSEY (2018)

There are clinical situations in fracture repair, e.g. osteochondral fragments, where current implant hardware is insufficient. The proposition of an adhesive enabling fixation and healing has been...
Computational optimization of delivery parameters to guide the development of targeted Nasal spray (2023)

Airborne transmission by droplets and aerosols is known to play a critical role in the spread of many viruses amongst which are the common flu and the more recent SARS-CoV-2 viruses. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, the nasal cavity not only constitutes an important viral entry point, but also a primary site of infection (Sungnak W. et al. Nat. Med. 26:681-687. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0868-6 , 2020).. Although face masks are a well-established preventive measure, development of novel and easy-to-use prophylactic measures would be highly beneficial in fighting viral spread and the subsequent emergence of variants of concern (Tao K. et al. Nat Rev Genet 22:757-773. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-021-00408-x , 2021). Our group has been working on optimizing a nasal spray delivery system that deposits particles inside the susceptible regions of the nasal cavity to act as a mechanical barrier to impede viral entry. Here, we identify computationally the delivery parameters that maximize the protection offered by this barrier. We introduce the computational approach and quantify the protection rate obtained as a function of a broad range of delivery parameters. We also introduce a modified design and demonstrate that it significantly improves deposition, thus constituting a viable approach to protect against nasal infection of airborne viruses. We then discuss our findings and the implications of this novel system on the prevention of respiratory diseases and targeted drug delivery.
On‐Chip Rolling Design for Controllable Strain Engineering and Enhanced Photon–Phonon Interaction in Graphene (2019)

On-chip strain engineering is highly demanded in 2D materials as an effective route for tuning their extraordinary properties and integrating consistent functionalities toward various applications. Herein, rolling technique is proposed for strain engineering in monolayer graphene grown on a germanium substrate, where compressive or tensile strain could be acquired, depending on the designed layer stressors. Unusual compressive strains up to 0.30% are achieved in the rolled-up graphene tubular structures. The subsequent phonon hardening under compressive loading is observed through strain-induced Raman G band splitting, while distinct blueshifts of characteristic peaks (G<sup>+</sup> , G<sup>-</sup> , or 2D) can be well regulated on an asymmetric tubular structure with a strain variation. In addition, due to the strong confinement of the local electromagnetic field under 3D tubular geometry, the photon-phonon interaction is highly strengthened, and thus, the Raman scattering of graphene in rolled-up tubes is enhanced. Such an on-chip rolling approach leads to a superior strain tuning method in 2D materials and could improve their light-matter interaction in a tubular configuration, which may hold great capability in 2D materials integration for on-chip applications such as in mechanics, electronics, and photonics.
Soluble IF-ReS2Nanoparticles by Surface Functionalization with Terpyridine Ligands (2010)

A major drawback in the application of layered chalcogenide nanoparticles/tubes is their inertness to chemical and biological modification and functionalization. Their potential use in composite materials might be greatly enhanced by improving the chalcogenide/matrix interface bonding. A novel modification strategy for layered chalcogenide nanoparticles based on the chalcophilic affinity of metals and the chelating terpyridine is reported. The terpyridine anchor group can be conjugated to fluorescent tags or hydrophilic/hydrophobic groups that confer solubility in various solvents to the otherwise insoluble chalcogenide nanoparticles. The functionalized particles are characterized using TEM/HRTEM, optical and vibrational spectroscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Side-by-Side Assembly of Gold Nanorods Reduces Ensemble-Averaged SERS Intensity (2012)

It is generally expected that aggregates of metal nanoparticles are more efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes than individual nanoparticles, due to the enhancement of the electric field in the interparticle gaps. We show that, for asymmetric nanoparticles, such as gold nanorods (NRs), this is not always the case: the plasmonic behavior of NRs depends on the mutual orientation of the NRs in the ensemble. We report the results of experimental studies and theoretical analysis of the optical properties of clusters of side-by-side assembled gold NRs. Ensemble-averaged SERS spectroscopy showed a reduction in SERS intensity. Comprehensive finite-difference time-domain simulations showed a reduction of electric field intensity as the number of NRs per cluster increased. This is due to destructive interference as the radial component of the surface plasmon modes of the NRs in the cluster interact with each other. The present work expands our understanding of the configuration-specific optical behavior of asymmetric gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, it offers guidance toward the “design rules” for the development of colloidal NR systems for sensing applications.
Recent Advances in Organically Crosslinked Conformance Polymer Systems (2013)

Abstract Organically crosslinked polymer systems have experienced considerable commercial success in shutting off undesirable water production. One of the systems most widely used to date employs acrylamide-containing polymers as base polymers and polyamines as crosslinkers. Its success can be attributed to 1) low viscosity in a noncrosslinked state, 2) versatility and stability over a wide temperature range, 3) rigid ("ringing") gel formation, and 4) deep matrix penetration. The objective of the present study was to improve the current acrylamide- and amine-based polymer formulations by significantly reducing the polymer concentrations while retaining the gel performance. This was accomplished by the inclusion of organic activators that substantially increase the crosslinking reactivity of the polyamine, allowing reduction in the polymer loading necessary to achieve desired gel times at a specific temperature. The activator materials included alkanolamines and quaternary ammonium salts. An increase in base polymer molecular weight also allowed for significant reduction in base polymer concentrations (to ≤ 1%). While this results in a lower cost system, and is more environmentally acceptable, the change in the quality of the gel from a stiff to a highly deformable type can result in the decreased ability of the gel to resist pressure. Bimodal molecular weight distribution is presented as an alternative approach to decrease polymer loading. This technique consists of the addition of variable amounts of high-molecular-weight base polymer to a constant concentration of low-molecular-weight base polymer. The newly developed formulations, in some cases, allowed for a reduction of up to 40% of base polymer concentration. Results from gel time measurements over a wide temperature range using different base polymers, crosslinker polymers, and potential activation mechanism(s) are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF SELF‐ASSEMBLY OF AMPHIPHILIC REDOX‐CHROMOPHORES ON PHOTOIONIZATION PROCESSES (1982)

Abstract Na‐12‐(10‐phenothiazinyl)‐dodecyl‐1‐sulfonat bildet in wäßrigem Medium Micellen, die zu einer deutlichen Veränderung des Absorptionsverhaltens Anlaß geben.
Composing neural algorithms with Fugu (2019)

Neuromorphic hardware architectures represent a growing family of potential post-Moore's Law Era platforms. Largely due to event-driving processing inspired by the human brain, these computer platforms can offer significant energy benefits compared to traditional von Neumann processors. Unfortunately there still remains considerable difficulty in successfully programming, configuring and deploying neuromorphic systems. We present the Fugu framework as an answer to this need. Rather than necessitating a developer attain intricate knowledge of how to program and exploit spiking neural dynamics to utilize the potential benefits of neuromorphic computing, Fugu is designed to provide a higher level abstraction as a hardware-independent mechanism for linking a variety of scalable spiking neural algorithms from a variety of sources. Individual kernels linked together provide sophisticated processing through compositionality. Fugu is intended to be suitable for a wide-range of neuromorphic applications, including machine learning, scientific computing, and more brain-inspired neural algorithms. Ultimately, we hope the community adopts this and other open standardization attempts allowing for free exchange and easy implementations of the ever-growing list of spiking neural algorithms.
Non‐Destructive Low‐Temperature Contacts to MoS2 Nanoribbon and Nanotube Quantum Dots (2023)

Molybdenum disulfide nanoribbons and nanotubes are quasi-1D semiconductors with strong spin-orbit interaction, a nanomaterial highly promising for quantum electronic applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a bismuth semimetal layer between the contact metal and this nanomaterial strongly improves the properties of the contacts. Two-point resistances on the order of 100 kΩ are observed at room temperature. At cryogenic temperature, Coulomb blockade is visible. The resulting stability diagrams indicate a marked absence of trap states at the contacts and the corresponding disorder, compared to previous devices that use low-work-function metals as contacts. Single-level quantum transport is observed at temperatures below 100 mK.
Leukocyte endogenous mediator fails to alter protein dynamics in a model of liver dysfunction. (1989)

This study examines the effect of a purified leukocyte-derived endogenous mediator (LEM) on protein metabolism during liver dysfunction and after sham surgery and the role of a nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory drug (indomethacin sodium trihydrate) in modifying this response. Febrile response, protein kinetics, urinary end products of protein metabolism, and plasma acute phase protein levels were studied in rats given a pyrogenic dose of LEM or saline solution, and these same indicators were studied after the administration of the same dose of LEM plus 2 mg/kg indomethacin 3 weeks after a portacaval shunt (PCS) or sham operation. In both surgical groups given LEM, a maximum of 1.1 degrees C fever was observed. LEM increased protein turnover and urinary excretion of nitrogen and urea in sham-operated rats but not in the PCS animals. Administration of indomethacin decreased the plasma oxidation of L[1-14C]leucine and prevented the increased excretion of total nitrogen and urea in sham-operated animals treated with LEM. PCS animals showed a constant excretion of nitrogen and urea independent of treatment. alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein levels increased significantly in sham-operated animals treated with LEM but not in the PCS group until indomethacin was added. The coadministration of LEM and indomethacin in shams also enhanced the levels of alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein over values found with LEM alone. These findings confirm the catabolic effect of LEM in normal animals and identify the essential role of the liver in the acute phase response. The data also suggest that indomethacin may modify the acute phase response by reducing plasma amino acid oxidation as well as enhancing the levels of some specific acute phase proteins.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Highly Substituted 7‐Azaindoles from 2‐Fluoropyridines via 7‐Azaindoline Intermediates. (2016)

Abstract A sequence for the synthesis of 2‐fluoro‐3‐(2‐nitroethyl)pyridines and their reaction to 7‐azaindolines is presented.