gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
mlcache: a flexible multi-lateral cache simulator (2002)

As the gap between processor and memory speeds increases, cache performance becomes more critical to overall system performance. Multi-lateral cache designs such as the Assist, Victim, and NTS cache have been shown to perform as well as or better than larger, single structure caches. Unlike current cache simulators, mlcache (an event-driven, timing-sensitive simulator based on the Latency Effects cache timing model) can evaluate a variety of multilateral cache configurations. It was developed to help designers in the middle of the design cycle decide which cache configuration would best meet the performance needs of the target processor. It can easily model various cache configurations by using its library of cache state and data movement routines. We use the SPEC95 benchmarks to illustrate how mlcache can be used to compare the performance of several different data cache configurations.
Ligand-Unsymmetrical Phenoxyiminato Dinickel Catalyst for High Molecular Weight Long-Chain Branched Polyethylenes (2015)

An unsymmetrical bimetallic catalyst, (<b>CF</b><sub><b>3</b></sub>/<b>SO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub>)<b>FI</b><sup><b>2</b></sup><b>-Ni</b><sub><b>2</b></sub>, having a CF<sub>3</sub>-functionalized phenoxyiminato Ni(II) center, which produces linear high-<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> polyolefin (<b>CF</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>/Ni</b>) joined to an adjacent SO<sub>2</sub>-functionalized phenoxyiminato Ni(II) center, which produces highly branched low-<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> polyolefin (<b>SO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>/Ni</b>), was synthesized and fully characterized. In ethylene homopolymerizations, (<b>CF</b><sub><b>3</b></sub>/<b>SO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub>)<b>FI</b><sup><b>2</b></sup><b>-Ni</b><sub><b>2</b></sub> affords monomodal (<i>Đ</i> = 1.7), highly, long-chain branched (69 branches/1000 C) polyethylenes with <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 24 kg/mol. In contrast, bimetallic (<b>CF</b><sub><b>3</b></sub>)<b>FI</b><sup><b>2</b></sup><b>-Ni</b><sub><b>2</b></sub> and (<b>SO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub>)<b>FI</b><sup><b>2</b></sup><b>-Ni</b><sub><b>2</b></sub> produce high-<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> (25 kg/mol) exclusively methyl-branched (40 branches/1000 C) and low-<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> (4.5 kg/mol) highly branched (105 branches/1000 C) polyethylenes, respectively, while tandem monometallic (<b>CF</b><sub><b>3</b></sub>)<b>FI-Ni</b> + (<b>SO</b><sub><b>2</b></sub>)<b>FI-Ni</b> catalyst mixtures yield a bimodal polyolefin mixture (<i>Đ</i> = 6.4).
Charging Dynamics of Single InGaAs Quantum Dots under Resonant Excitation (2018)

We investigate the rates of charge fluctuation in single quantum dots under resonant excitation, with additional modulated low-power above-band excitation. Time-resolved fluorescence is fit using stretched/compressed exponentials, indicating a continuum of relaxation and charging rates.
[Application possibilities of an automatic image analyzer ("Quantimet 720") in bone histomorphometry]. (1984)

By the way of proofing of the preventive estrogen effect on the ovariectomy osteoporosis in rats the authors collected experiences in measuring of two histomorphometric parameters "trabecular bone volume" and "trabecular bone surface" with the automatic image analyser Quantimet 720. This method demands thin bone polishes or cuts, a very rich in contrast and selective colouring. The measurement with this device spares time and gives reliable results for "trabecular bone volume", but less reliable values for "trabecular bone surface".
Transapical aortic valve replacement in extreme-risk patients: outcome, risk factors and mid-term results (2012)

TA-TAVR in extreme-risk patients carries a moderate risk of hospital mortality. Severe comorbidities and presence of residual paravalvular leakages affect the mid-term survival, whereas surviving patients have an acceptable quality of life without rehospitalizations for cardiac decompensation.
Integrated in-band OSNR monitor based on planar lightwave circuit (2009)

We propose a novel integrated in-band optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitor based on planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. We successfully demonstrate a 10-25 dB in-band OSNR measurement with errors of less than 0.6 dB.
High shear flow induces migration of adherent human platelets (2011)

Shear forces are generated in all parts of the vascular system and contribute directly and indirectly to vascular disease progression. Endothelial cells are able to adapt to flow conditions, and are known to polarize and migrate in response to shear forces. Platelets exposed to shear stress are activated and release bioactive molecules from their alpha granules. So far, platelets have been considered to be static cells that do not leave the site of tight adhesion. However, we have recently been able to demonstrate the capacity of platelets to migrate in response to stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1). In this project, we have demonstrated that platelets accumulate in areas with a high concentration of SDF-1 under flow conditions and respond to high shear stress by cellular polarization, cytoskeletal reorganisation, and flow-directed migration. In this context, we have shown increased Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP) phosphorylation and intracellular redistribution of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) under high-shear stress conditions. The effect of flow-induced platelet migration has not previously been recognized and offers a new role for platelets as mobile cells. Their migratory potential may enable platelets to cover intimal lesions and contribute to vascular repair.
Acute sensitivity of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to copper, cadmium, or zinc in water-only laboratory exposures (2014)

The acute toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc to white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were determined for 7 developmental life stages in flow-through water-only exposures. Metal toxicity varied by species and by life stage. Rainbow trout were more sensitive to cadmium than white sturgeon across all life stages, with median effect concentrations (hardness-normalized EC50s) ranging from 1.47 µg Cd/L to 2.62 µg Cd/L with sensitivity remaining consistent during later stages of development. Rainbow trout at 46 d posthatch (dph) ranked at the 2nd percentile of a compiled database for Cd species sensitivity distribution with an EC50 of 1.46 µg Cd/L and 72 dph sturgeon ranked at the 19th percentile (EC50 of 3.02 µg Cd/L). White sturgeon were more sensitive to copper than rainbow trout in 5 of the 7 life stages tested with biotic ligand model (BLM)-normalized EC50s ranging from 1.51 µg Cu/L to 21.9 µg Cu/L. In turn, rainbow trout at 74 dph and 95 dph were more sensitive to copper than white sturgeon at 72 dph and 89 dph, indicating sturgeon become more tolerant in older life stages, whereas older trout become more sensitive to copper exposure. White sturgeon at 2 dph, 16 dph, and 30 dph ranked in the lower percentiles of a compiled database for copper species sensitivity distribution, ranking at the 3rd (2 dph), 5th (16 dph), and 10th (30 dph) percentiles. White sturgeon were more sensitive to zinc than rainbow trout for 1 out of 7 life stages tested (2 dph with an biotic ligand model-normalized EC50 of 209 µg Zn/L) and ranked in the 1st percentile of a compiled database for zinc species sensitivity distribution.
Recommendations for Reporting Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Measurements (2018)

Here we present a guide on ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments, which covers both linear and nonlinear methods: what is measured, how the measurements are done, and how to report the results, including the uncertainties on mobility and collision cross section values. The guide aims to clarify some possibly confusing concepts, and the reporting recommendations should help researchers, authors and reviewers to contribute comprehensive reports, so that the ion mobility data can be reused more confidently. Starting from the concept of the definition of the measurand, we emphasize that (i) mobility values (K0) depend intrinsically on ion structure, the nature of the bath gas, temperature, and E/N, (ii) ion mobility does not measure surfaces directly, but collision cross section (CCS) values are derived from mobility values using a physical model, (iii) methods relying on calibration are empirical (and thus may provide method-dependent results) only if the gas nature, temperature or E/N cannot match those of the primary method. Our analysis highlights the urgency of a community effort towards establishing primary standards and reference materials for ion mobility, and provides recommendations to do so. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Short and Long-Term Preservation of Sablefish Sperm from Baja California, Mexico (2014)

Abstract Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria is a species with high potential for aquaculture in Mexico. The development of protocols for short- and long-term preservation of Sablefish sperm becomes necessary to store viable sperm that can be used as needed. In October and November of 2011 and 2012, Sablefish broodstock (mean weight, 3.5 kg; SD, 0.02) were captured using deepwater longlines in an area localized between the cities of Tijuana and Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. The sperm concentration was evaluated by spectrophotometry. We determined the efficiency of two extender solutions in the short-term storage of Sablefish sperm and evaluated three cryoprotectants (DMSO, methanol, and glycerol) and three cryopreservation protocols. Significant differences in sperm concentration between years and months were found. No differences were found in sperm activation time between both extender solutions. Significant differences were found among storage time, extender, month, year, and sperm motility or membrane integrity. A significant correlation between sperm motility and membrane integrity was found for both extenders in November. Significant differences were found among type and concentration of cryoprotectant, incubation time, and motility. Significant differences among cryopreservation protocols, cryoprotectant, and sperm motility and membrane integrity were registered. Glycerol (10%) registered the best motility (78%) and membrane integrity using the third cryopreservation protocol when samples were placed 5 cm above the liquid nitrogen for 9 min before being plunged in liquid nitrogen. These results will allow us to establish a reproduction program for Sablefish that will be used as a tool to advance the culture of this species in Mexico.
Data from Robust Gene Expression Signature from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Samples Predicts Prognosis of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The requirement of frozen tissues for microarray experiments limits the clinical usage of genome-wide expression profiling by using microarray technology. The goal of this study is to test the feasibility of developing lung cancer prognosis gene signatures by using genome-wide expression profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, which are widely available and provide a valuable rich source for studying the association of molecular changes in cancer and associated clinical outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We randomly selected 100 Non–Small-Cell lung cancer (NSCLC) FFPE samples with annotated clinical information from the UT-Lung SPORE Tissue Bank. We microdissected tumor area from FFPE specimens and used Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 arrays to attain gene expression data. After strict quality control and analysis procedures, a supervised principal component analysis was used to develop a robust prognosis signature for NSCLC. Three independent published microarray datasets were used to validate the prognosis model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; This study showed that the robust gene signature derived from genome-wide expression profiling of FFPE samples is strongly associated with lung cancer clinical outcomes and can be used to refine the prognosis for stage I lung cancer patients, and the prognostic signature is independent of clinical variables. This signature was validated in several independent studies and was refined to a 59-gene lung cancer prognosis signature.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We conclude that genome-wide profiling of FFPE lung cancer samples can identify a set of genes whose expression level provides prognostic information across different platforms and studies, which will allow its application in clinical settings. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(17); 5705–14. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evolution of control techniques for industrial drives (2002)

The control system of any variable speed electric drive consists mainly of an outer loop for controlling the mechanical output of the drive, (e.g., torque, speed or position) which generates commands to the inner loop, that controls the electromagnetic states of the electric machine (e.g., voltages, currents and magnetic flux) to produce the desired response. The configuration of the inner loop controller depends on the type of the electric motor and the topology of the power converter being used which in turn are dependent on the requirements of the application. DC variable speed drives were the industrial work horses until the 1960s due to the simplicity of their control. Since the late 1960s, advances in semiconductor technology for power as well as control applications, enabled AC variable speed drives to compete with DC drives in various industrial applications. Most present day research and development efforts are aimed at providing higher performance and more reliable AC drives at a lower cost than those of comparable DC drives. This paper provides an overview of the classical and modern control techniques for both DC and AC drives along with their applications.
Reval: a tool for real-time evaluation of DDoS mitigation strategies (2006)

There is a growing number of DDoS attacks on the Internet, resulting in significant impact on users. Network operators today have little access to scientific means to effectively deal with these attacks in real time. The need of the hour is a tool to accurately assess the impact of attacks and more importantly identify feasible mitigation responses enabling real-time decision making. We designed and implemented Reval, a tool that reports DDoS attack impact in real time, scaling to large networks. This is achieved by modeling resource constraints of network elements and incorporating routing information. We demonstrate the usefulness of the tool on two real network topologies using empirical traffic data and examining real attack scenarios. Using data from a tier-1 ISP network (core, access and customer router network) of size in excess of 60000 nodes, Reval models network conditions with close to 0.4 million traffic flows in about 11 seconds, and evaluates a given mitigation deployment chosen from a sample set in about 35 seconds. Besides real-time decision support, we show how the simulator can also be used in longer term network planning to identify where and how to upgrade the network to improve network resilience. The tool is applicable for networks of any size and can be used to analyze other network anomalies like flash crowds.
Impact of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Expression, Thrombospondin-2 Expression, and Microvessel Density on the Treatment Effect of Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2005)

These exploratory analyses suggest that in patients with mCRC addition of bevacizumab to IFL improves survival regardless of the level of VEGF or THBS-2 expression, or MVD.
Possible Bioenergetic Biomarker for Chronic Cancer-Related Fatigue (2021)

Our results suggest that peripheral blood mononuclear cell messenger RNA for BCS1L is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for radiation therapy-induced chronic CRF in this clinical population.
Recombineering-mediated tagging of Drosophila genomic constructs for in vivo localization and acute protein inactivation (2008)

Studying gene function in the post-genome era requires methods to localize and inactivate proteins in a standardized fashion in model organisms. While genome-wide gene disruption and over-expression efforts are well on their way to vastly expand the repertoire of Drosophila tools, a complementary method to efficiently and quickly tag proteins expressed under endogenous control does not exist for fruit flies. Here, we describe the development of an efficient procedure to generate protein fusions at either terminus in an endogenous genomic context using recombineering. We demonstrate that the fluorescent protein tagged constructs, expressed under the proper control of regulatory elements, can rescue the respective mutations and enable the detection of proteins in vivo. Furthermore, we also adapted our method for use of the tetracysteine tag that tightly binds the fluorescent membrane-permeable FlAsH ligand. This technology allows us to acutely inactivate any tagged protein expressed under native control using fluorescein-assisted light inactivation and we provide proof of concept by demonstrating that acute loss of clathrin heavy chain function in the fly eye leads to synaptic transmission defects in photoreceptors. Our tagging technology is efficient and versatile, adaptable to any tag desired and paves the way to genome-wide gene tagging in Drosophila.
Structured Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

We study the problem of conditional generative modeling based on designated semantics or structures. Existing models that build conditional generators either require massive labeled instances as supervision or are unable to accurately control the semantics of generated samples. We propose structured generative adversarial networks (SGANs) for semi-supervised conditional generative modeling. SGAN assumes the data x is generated conditioned on two independent latent variables: y that encodes the designated semantics, and z that contains other factors of variation. To ensure disentangled semantics in y and z, SGAN builds two collaborative games in the hidden space to minimize the reconstruction error of y and z, respectively. Training SGAN also involves solving two adversarial games that have their equilibrium concentrating at the true joint data distributions p(x, z) and p(x, y), avoiding distributing the probability mass diffusely over data space that MLE-based methods may suffer. We assess SGAN by evaluating its trained networks, and its performance on downstream tasks. We show that SGAN delivers a highly controllable generator, and disentangled representations; it also establishes start-of-the-art results across multiple datasets when applied for semi-supervised image classification (1.27%, 5.73%, 17.26% error rates on MNIST, SVHN and CIFAR-10 using 50, 1000 and 4000 labels, respectively). Benefiting from the separate modeling of y and z, SGAN can generate images with high visual quality and strictly following the designated semantic, and can be extended to a wide spectrum of applications, such as style transfer.
A pain-induced tonic hypodopaminergic state augments phasic dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (2020)

Diseases and disorders such as Parkinson disease, schizophrenia, and chronic pain are characterized by altered mesolimbic dopaminergic neurotransmission. Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens influences behavior through both tonic and phasic signaling. Tonic dopamine levels are hypothesized to inversely regulate phasic signals through dopamine D2 receptor feedback inhibition. We tested this hypothesis directly in the context of ongoing pain. Tonic and phasic dopamine signals were measured using fast-scan controlled-adsorption voltammetry and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, respectively, in the nucleus accumbens shell of male rats with standardized levels of anesthesia. Application of capsaicin to the cornea produced a transient decrease in tonic dopamine levels. During the pain-induced hypodopaminergic state, electrically evoked phasic dopamine release was significantly increased when compared to baseline, evoked phasic release. A second application of capsaicin to the same eye had a lessened effect on tonic dopamine suggesting desensitization of TRPV1 channels in that eye. Capsaicin treatment in the alternate cornea, however, again produced coincident decreased dopaminergic tone and increased phasic dopamine release. These findings occurred independently of stimulus lateralization relative to the hemisphere of dopamine measurement. Our data show that (1) the mesolimbic dopamine circuit reliably encodes acute noxious stimuli; (2) ongoing pain produces decreases in dopaminergic tone; and (3) pain-induced decreases in tonic dopamine correspond to augmented evoked phasic dopamine release. Enhanced phasic dopamine neurotransmission resulting from salient stimuli may contribute to increased impulsivity and cognitive deficits often observed in conditions associated with decreased dopaminergic tone, including Parkinson disease and chronic pain.
Method for Characterizing Secondary and Tertiary Reactions Using Short Reservoir Cores (2004)

Abstract A new technique for characterizing secondary and tertiary reactions during sandstone matrix stimulation treatments is presented. In the new technique, traditional experiments on short reservoir cores are supplemented with measurement of the effluent element concentrations, batch reactor experiments and geochemical simulations to predict the extent of secondary and tertiary reactions in the reservoir treatment. Alternative methods of characterizing secondary and tertiary reactions, such as those using long core flow tests and laboratory radial flow setups, are reviewed. The new design technique is used in designing a treatment for a well in the North Sea. Details of how this technique was applied to the treatment design are presented. Post-treatment data from the well showed a successful matrix treatment design. The production from the well increased by 1,400% immediately after the treatment. The 3-month stabilized production gain was 650%.
AnySP (2009)

In the past decade, the proliferation of mobile devices has increased at a spectacular rate. There are now more than 3.3 billion active cell phones in the world-a device that we now all depend on in our daily lives. The current generation of devices employs a combination of general-purpose processors, digital signal processors, and hardwired accelerators to provide giga-operations-per-second performance on milliWatt power budgets. Such heterogeneous organizations are inefficient to build and maintain, as well as waste silicon area and power. Looking forward to the next generation of mobile computing, computation requirements will increase by one to three orders of magnitude due to higher data rates, increased complexity algorithms, and greater computation diversity but the power requirements will be just as stringent. Scaling of existing approaches will not suffice instead the inherent computational efficiency, programmability, and adaptability of the hardware must change. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes an example architecture, referred to as AnySP, for the next generation mobile signal processing. AnySP uses a co-design approach where the next generation wireless signal processing and high-definition video algorithms are analyzed to create a domain specific programmable architecture. At the heart of AnySP is a configurable single-instruction multiple-data datapath that is capable of processing wide vectors or multiple narrow vectors simultaneously. In addition, deeper computation subgraphs can be pipelined across the single-instruction multiple-data lanes. These three operating modes provide high throughput across varying application types. Results show that AnySP is capable of sustaining 4G wireless processing and high-definition video throughput rates, and will approach the 1000 Mops/mW efficiency barrier when scaled to 45nm.