gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excited Triplet and Reduced Forms of C84 (1995)

The triplet excited state behavior of C-84 has been probed by the triplet-triplet energy transfer method using pulse radiolytically generated biphenyl triplets in benzene. The tripler excited state has a weak absorption in the UV (difference absorption maxima at 310 and 345 nm) but no significant absorption in the visible. The rate constants for energy transfer from (BP)-B-3* and 3C(60)* are 4 x 10(9) and 4.7 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) respectively. Tripler excited state properties of C-3(84)* are compared with other fullerenes. A photocatalytic method has also been successfully employed to reduce C-84 in a UV-irradiated colloidal TiO2 suspension.
NS2B/NS3 mutations enhance the infectivity of genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus in amplifying hosts (2019)

Genotype I (GI) virus has replaced genotype III (GIII) virus as the dominant Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in the epidemic area of Asia. The mechanism underlying the genotype replacement remains unclear. Therefore, we focused our current study on investigating the roles of mosquito vector and amplifying host(s) in JEV genotype replacement by comparing the replication ability of GI and GIII viruses. GI and GIII viruses had similar infection rates and replicated to similar viral titers after blood meal feedings in Culex tritaeniorhynchus. However, GI virus yielded a higher viral titer in amplifying host-derived cells, especially at an elevated temperature, and produced an earlier and higher viremia in experimentally inoculated pigs, ducklings, and young chickens. Subsequently we identified the amplification advantage of viral genetic determinants from GI viruses by utilizing chimeric and recombinant JEVs (rJEVs). Compared to the recombinant GIII virus (rGIII virus), we observed that both the recombinant GI virus and the chimeric rJEVs encoding GI virus-derived NS1-3 genes supported higher replication ability in amplifying hosts. The replication advantage of the chimeric rJEVs was lost after introduction of a single substitution from a GIII viral mutation (NS2B-L99V, NS3-S78A, or NS3-D177E). In addition, the gain-of-function assay further elucidated that rGIII virus encoding GI virus NS2B-V99L/NS3-A78S/E177E substitutions re-gained the enhanced replication ability. Thus, we conclude that the replication advantage of GI virus in pigs and poultry is the result of three critical NS2B/NS3 substitutions. This may lead to more efficient transmission of GI virus than GIII virus in the amplifying host-mosquito cycle.
Electronic absorption spectra of the 4-R-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones (R=hydrogen, methy, ethyl, butyl) (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic absorption spectra of the 4-R-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-diones (R=hydrogen, methy, ethyl, butyl)Alphonsus V. Pocius and James T. YardleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 3, 721–725Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00784a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00784a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
McRank: Learning to Rank Using Multiple Classification and Gradient Boosting (2007)

We cast the ranking problem as (1) multiple classification (“Mc”) (2) multiple or-dinal classification, which lead to computationally tractable learning algorithms for relevance ranking in Web search. We consider the DCG criterion (discounted cumulative gain), a standard quality measure in information retrieval. Our ap-proach is motivated by the fact that perfect classifications result in perfect DCG scores and the DCG errors are bounded by classification errors. We propose us-ing the Expected Relevance to convert class probabilities into ranking scores. The class probabilities are learned using a gradient boosting tree algorithm. Evalua-tions on large-scale datasets show that our approach can improve LambdaRank [5] and the regressions-based ranker [6], in terms of the (normalized) DCG scores. An efficient implementation of the boosting tree algorithm is also presented. 1
A call admission control scheme using genetic algorithms (2004)

Next Generation Wireless Systems (NGWS) will provide a variety of services to mobile users including high speed data, real-time applications and real-time multimedia support with a certain quality of service (QoS) level. An efficient handoff management is one of the key issues in order to support global roaming of the mobile users among different network architectures of the NGWS.In this paper, a new call admission control scheme, Genetic-based call admission control (GAC), is proposed for NGWS. The GAC scheme uses genetic algorithms to achieve high network utilization, minimum cost, minimum handoff latency and mobile terminal's (MT) QoS requirements. Performance analysis is provided to assess the efficiency of the proposed GAC scheme. Simulation results show a significant improvement in handoff latencies and costs over the heuristic approach and other CAC schemes.
P1‐117: In vivo optical and PET detections of fibrillar tau lesions in a mouse model of tauopathies (2009)

Intracellular inclusions of pathological tau fibrils are hallmark lesions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated tauopathies, and there has been a growing interest in the mechanistic links between fibrillar tau accumulation and neuronal deterioration. In-vivo visualization of tau lesions would thus serve the preclinical and clinical needs for pursuing the molecular etiology of neurodegenerative disorders and evaluating candidate disease-modifying therapies. This notion has led us to develop imaging agents capable of capturing tau aggregates in a living mouse model of tauopathies. An array of fluorescent chemicals were screened by assaying their in-vitro binding to recombinant tau fibrils and neuronal tau inclusions on brain sections from patients with diverse tauopathies and mice transgenic for the pathogenic P301S mutant tau. The selected compounds were intravenously injected into the tau transgenics, and ex-vivo labelings of tau lesions with these agents in excised brain samples were microscopically assessed. Pulse-laser optical and positron emission tomographic (PET) systems were then applied to in-vivo detections of tau pathologies in the transgenic mice with near-infrared fluorescent and 11C-labeled compounds, respectively. The PET data were also supplemented by in-vitro and ex-vivo autoradiographic analyses. Chemical properties of the compounds such as structural dimensions and hydrophilicities were associated with their affinities for tau inclusions in a wide range of tauopathies as well as transgenics. A class of chemicals sharing the common core structure enabled ex-vivo visualization of aggregates in the transgenic mice. One of these putative imaging agents was suitable for the near-infrared optics, and was proven to bind to tau aggregated in living mouse brains based on the intensity and life-time of its fluorescent signals. Two other compounds of the same group were radiolabeled with 11C, and were demonstrated to allow both autoradiographic and PET detections of tau lesions in the transgenics. The present neuroimaging approaches using mouse models of the diseases provide insights into the structural basis of molecular interactions between tau fibrils and exogenous compounds, which would facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents for AD and non-AD tauopathies.
Large-Scale Chemical-Genetic Strategy Enables the Design of Antimicrobial Combination Chemotherapy in Mycobacteria (2019)

The efficacies of all antibiotics against tuberculosis are eventually eroded by resistance. New strategies to discover drugs or drug combinations with higher barriers to resistance are needed. Previously, we reported the application of a large-scale chemical-genetic interaction screening strategy called PROSPECT (PRimary screening Of Strains to Prioritize Expanded Chemistry and Targets) for the discovery of new <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> inhibitors, which resulted in the identification of the small molecule BRD-8000, an inhibitor of a novel target, EfpA [ Johnson et al. ( 2019 ) <i>Nature</i> 517 , 72 ]. Leveraging the chemical genetic interaction profile of BRD-8000, we identified BRD-9327, another structurally distinct small molecule EfpA inhibitor. We show that the two compounds are synergistic and display collateral sensitivity because of their distinct modes of action and resistance mechanisms. High-level resistance to one increases the sensitivity to and reduces the emergence of resistance to the other. Thus, the combination of BRD-9327 and BRD-8000 represents a proof-of-concept for the novel strategy of leveraging chemical genetics in the design of antimicrobial combination chemotherapy in which mutual collateral sensitivity is exploited.
Low-voltage, high-mobility organic thin-film transistors with improved stability (2010)

This paper discusses organic thin-film transistors. Due to the performance degradation of pentacene based devices, this paper proposes a six-ring fused heteroarene, dinaphtho-[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT), which has a crystal structure and thin-film morphology similar to those of pentacene, but less susceptible to oxidation. This paper reports on the static and dynamic performance and on the stability of DNTT TFTs on flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Homogeneous Glycopeptides and Glycoproteins (2010)

Abstract Review: 101 refs.
Optical Synchronization of a Photonic Crystal Resonator to a 10 GHz Chip-Scale Mode-Locked Laser PIC (2023)

We present an optical frequency division technique to transfer the timing stability of a stabilized Photonic Crystal Resonator Comb (~200 GHz repetition rate) to a chip-scaled mode-locked laser (~10 GHz repetition rate).
High CXCL6 drives matrix expression and correlate with markers of poor outcome in IPF (2021)

Abstract Signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can modulate levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and shape the functions of fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We have identified Chemokine (C-X-C) Motif Ligand 6 (CXCL6) as a potential pro-fibrotic GPCR ligand. We tested the function of CXCL6 in ex vivo human donor and fibrotic lung fibroblasts and in an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. We also measured levels of CXCL6 in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with IPF. CXCL6 decreased cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner in Donor and IPF Fibroblasts. CXCL6 mRNA and protein were localized to epithelial cells. Administration of mCXCL5 (LIX, murine CXCL6 homologue) to mice increased collagen synthesis with and without bleomycin. CXCL6 increased Collagen I and α-SMA levels in Donor and IPF Fibroblasts. Silencing of CXCR1/2 as well as Reparixin, a CXCR1/2 inhibitor, blocked effects of CXCL6. Treprostinil blocked effects of CXCL6 only on levels of α-SMA but not on Collagen I. CXCL6 levels in the BAL of two separate cohorts of patients with IPF was associated with poor survival. We conclude that high CXCL6 drives fibroblast function and correlates with poor outcomes in IPF.
Hysteresis in kinking nonlinear elastic solids and the Preisach-Mayergoyz model (2010)

Herein we show that the stress-induced, dislocation-based, elastic hysteric loops of kinking nonlinear elastic solids---polycrystalline cobalt, $10\text{ }\text{vol}\text{ }\mathrm{%}$ porous ${\text{Ti}}_{2}\text{AlC}$, and fully dense ${\text{Ti}}_{3}{\text{SiC}}_{2}$---obey the scalar Preisach-Mayergoyz phenomenological model because they exhibit wiping out and congruency, two necessary and sufficient tenets of the model. We also demonstrate the power of the model in predicting the response of these materials to complex stress histories, as well as, determining the distributions of the threshold and friction stresses associated with the incipient kink bands---the fundamental microscopic units responsible for kinking nonlinear elasticity.
Simulation model for CMUT with rapid structure fluid interaction in time domain (2014)

The dynamic deflection and acoustic radiation of thin plates or membranes greatly depends on the acoustic load on top of the vibrating structure. An electro-acousto-mechanical model has been built describing the solid-fluid interaction in time domain. The model is optimized for thin plates and membranes, and can be used for simulating CMUTs (Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers) in different fluids, but is also valid for any vibrating structure. The model provides accurate information about the sound pressure on the surface of the transducer, taking into account the dynamical force indicated to the vibrating structure by the fluid. All calculations are done in time domain keeping the nonlinear behavior of the transducer. Simulations results for CMUT designs with resonant frequencies between 5 an 40 MHz have been compared to measurements results on devices fabricated at Fraunhofer IPMS showing good agreement.
Room-temperature, high-efficiency conversion of Mott-Wannier to Frenkel excitons in hybrid semiconductor quantum dot/polymer composites (2011)

Efficient conversion from Mott-Wannier to Frenkel excitons at room temperature is observed in hybrid inorganic/organic composites of CdSe/ZnS core/shell heteronanocrystals in MDMO-PPV homopolymers at a rate of 0.2628 ns− 1 with an efficiency of 80.9%.
Analysis of uterine activity in nonpregnant women by electrohysterography: A feasibility study (2015)

With an overall effectiveness below 30%, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is in urgent need for improvements, especially in view of the increasing trend in postponing childbirth in developed societies. Abnormal contraction of the uterus may underlie impaired fertility and unsuccessful IVF. However, currently, there is no method for quantitative assessment of uterine activity and guidance of dedicated intervention. Analysis of the electrohysterogram (EHG) has been extensively used in pregnancy for quantifying uterine contractions. In this paper, we evaluate, for the first time, the use of EHG analysis for characterizing contractions in women in two different phases of the menstrual cycle, when the uterus is expected to be active and quiescent. In this preliminary study, by estimating the time evolution of the EHG signal energy, we derive the contraction frequency, fC, as a possible marker for quantifying the activity of the uterus and discriminate between active and quiescent status. Ultrasound (US) image sequences are simultaneously recorded and visually analyzed for a qualitative validation of the results. The high correlation (0.91) between fC obtained by EHG and US analysis and the measured different values of fC in the two phases motivate further research to confirm the value of EHG analysis for contraction quantification in nonpregnant women.
Three-dimensional silicon fabrication using microloading effects with a rectangular aperture mask (2010)

Three-dimensional silicon fabrication is demanded in optical lenses for collecting far infrared radiation. We propose a method for the fabrication of shapes, which have depths varying in the x and y directions, vertical walls and smooth surfaces. A mask design with rectangular apertures was used in a two-stage etching process consisting of anisotropic etching to rough out the three-dimensional shape followed by isotropic etching to smooth the surface. The relationship between the etching depth and area and the aspect ratio (length-to-height ratio) of the rectangular apertures was determined experimentally. Based on this relationship, we describe a procedure for designing rectangular apertures. We fabricated a convex microlens with a diameter of 150 µm and a height of 4.3 µm surrounded by a vertical wall. The arithmetic mean surface roughness of the microlens was 100 nm.
Turbulence-resilient pilot-assisted self-coherent free-space optical communications using automatic optoelectronic mixing of many modes (2021)

Abstract In free-space optical communications that use both amplitude and phase data modulation (for example, in quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)), the data are typically recovered by mixing a Gaussian local oscillator with a received Gaussian data beam. However, atmospheric turbulence can induce power coupling from the transmitted Gaussian mode to higher-order modes, resulting in a significantly degraded mixing efficiency and system performance. Here, we use a pilot-assisted self-coherent detection approach to overcome this problem. Specifically, we transmit both a Gaussian data beam and a frequency-offset Gaussian pilot tone beam such that both beams experience similar turbulence and modal coupling. Subsequently, a photodetector mixes all corresponding pairs of the beams’ modes. During mixing, a conjugate of the turbulence-induced modal coupling is generated and compensates the modal coupling experienced by the data, and thus the corresponding modes of the pilot and data mix efficiently. We demonstrate a 12 Gbit s −1 16-QAM polarization-multiplexed free-space optical link that is resistant to turbulence.
Polycrystalline CdTe on CuInSe/sub 2/ cascaded solar cells (1988)

Experimental results obtained using a CdS/CdTe/ZnTe top cell on a CdS/CuInSe/sub 2/ bottom cell are presented. Single cells of each type exhibit an 11% efficiency. The fabrication of a mechanically stacked CdTe-CuInSe/sub 2/ tandem cell that shows an efficiency of 9.9% is discussed. The current of the CuInSe/sub 2/ cell is limited by the transmission through the CdTe cell. Semiquantitative analysis of the optical losses in the structure indicates that substantial improvements in tandem device performance can be achieved by: reducing free carrier absorption in the transparent (SnO/sub x/) top contact, e.g. by using an alternative transparent contact such as ITO or ZnO which has better near-IR transmission, and reducing the absorption in the Cu-doped ZnTe layer-perhaps by reducing the Cu doping level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Threshold modulation and stability in error diffusion (2003)

Many modifications to error diffusion have been proposed to improve the algorithm and to extend its application to print media and to color. In this article, we describe some of the lessons that have been learned in two areas of error-diffusion research: threshold modulation and error stability. Both of these areas are important in understanding how to improve and extend the algorithm. Many suggested modifications have been made over the years to eliminate these unwanted textures. One method to improve the algorithm involves different ways of calculating and distributing the errors. Some of the modified algorithms have even proposed amplifying or suppressing the errors. Strange effects can occur, however, when the errors are amplified or if negative components are introduced. The stability analysis presented in this article will illustrate these instabilities and explain their relationship to changes in the error distribution.
Cysteine and Glutathione Secretion in Response to Protein Disulfide Bond Formation in the ER (1997)

Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) often involves the formation of disulfide bonds. The oxidizing conditions required within this organelle were shown to be maintained through the release of small thiols, mainly cysteine and glutathione. Thiol secretion was stimulated when proteins rich in disulfide bonds were translocated into the ER, and secretion was prevented by the inhibition of protein synthesis. Endogenously generated cysteine and glutathione counteracted thiol-mediated retention in the ER and altered the extracellular redox. The secretion of thiols might link disulfide bond formation in the ER to intra- and intercellular redox signaling.
Homogenization of initial cell distribution by secondary flow of medium improves cell culture efficiency (2020)

Homogenization of the initial cell distribution is essential for effective cell development. However, there are few previous reports on efficient cell seeding methods, even though the initial cell distribution has a large effect on cell proliferation. Dense cell regions have an inverse impact on cell development, known as contact inhibition. In this study, we developed a method to homogenize the cell seeding density using secondary flow, or Ekman transportation, induced by orbital movement of the culture dish. We developed an orbital shaker device that can stir the medium in a 35-mm culture dish by shaking the dish along a circular orbit with 2 mm of eccentricity. The distribution of cells in the culture dish can be controlled by the rotational speed of the orbital shaker, enabling dispersion of the initial cell distribution. The experimental results indicated that the cell density became most homogeneous at 61 rpm. We further evaluated the cell proliferation after homogenization of the initial cell density at 61 rpm. The results revealed 36% higher proliferation for the stirred samples compared with the non-stirred control samples. The present findings indicate that homogenization of the initial cell density by Ekman transportation contributes to the achievement of higher cell proliferation.
Optical imaging to map blood-brain barrier leakage (2013)

Vascular leakage in the brain is a major complication associated with brain injuries and certain pathological conditions due to disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We have developed an optical imaging method, based on excitation and emission spectra of Evans Blue dye, that is >1000-fold more sensitive than conventional ultraviolet spectrophotometry. We used a rat thromboembolic stroke model to validate the usefulness of our method for vascular leakage. Optical imaging data show that vascular leakage varies in different areas of the post-stroke brain and that administering tissue plasminogen activator causes further leakage. The new method is quantitative, simple to use, requires no tissue processing, and can map the degree of vascular leakage in different brain locations. The high sensitivity of our method could potentially provide new opportunities to study BBB leakage in different pathological conditions and to test the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies to protect the BBB.