gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoherence in Adiabatic Quantum Evolution: Application to Cooper Pair Pumping (2010)

One of the challenges of adiabatic control theory is the proper inclusion of the effects of dissipation. Here we study the adiabatic dynamics of an open two-level quantum system deriving a generalized master equation to consistently account for the combined action of the driving and dissipation. We demonstrate that in the zero-temperature limit the ground state dynamics is not affected by environment. As an example, we apply our theory to Cooper pair pumping, which demonstrates the robustness of ground state adiabatic evolution.
Reversal of Diastereoselection in the Conjugate Addition of Cuprates to Unsaturated Lactams (2015)

We report that the stereochemical outcome of the conjugate addition of organocopper reagents to bicyclic α,β-unsaturated lactams derived from pyroglutaminol is determined by the nature of the aminal group. Bicyclic α,β-unsaturated lactams in which the aminal is derived from a ketone have been found to afford products of syn conjugate addition. By contrast, bicyclic α,β-unsaturated lactams in which the aminal is derived from an aldehyde afford products of anti conjugate addition. These remarkably different results obtained from very similar starting materials are unexpected.
Nonlinear Resonator With Interacting Flexural-Torsional Modes for Mass Sensing (2007)

We explore the use of a pedal shaped nonlinear microresonator designed with torsion and flexural modes in 1:2 internal resonance for mass sensing. The higher natural frequency in-plane flexural mode of the resonator is coupled nonlinearly through inertial coupling to the out-of-plane torsional mode with one-half natural frequency. When the flexural mode excited resonantly has response above a threshold, the torsional mode is excited. This response in torsional mode is highly sensitive to any mass perturbation that results in mistuning the two modes away from 1:2 resonance. The mistuning can drastically change the nonlinearly excited torsional response from non-zero amplitude to zero amplitude. The required increase in the actuation strength to reactivate the torsional motion can serve as a measure for the attached mass.
Mumps Virus SH Protein Inhibits NF-κB Activation by Interacting with Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1, Interleukin-1 Receptor 1, and Toll-Like Receptor 3 Complexes (2017)

The mumps virus (MuV) small hydrophobic protein (SH) is a type I membrane protein expressed in infected cells. SH has been reported to interfere with innate immunity by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-mediated apoptosis and NF-κB activation. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we generated recombinant MuVs (rMuVs) expressing the SH protein with an N-terminal FLAG epitope or lacking SH expression due to the insertion of three stop codons into the <i>SH</i> gene. Using these viruses, we were able to show that SH reduces the phosphorylation of IKKβ, IκBα, and p65 as well as the translocation of p65 into the nucleus of infected A549 cells. Reporter gene assays revealed that SH interferes not only with TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation but also with IL-1β- and poly(I·C)-mediated NF-κB activation, and that this inhibition occurs upstream of the NF-κB pathway components TRAF2, TRAF6, and TAK1. Since SH coimmunoprecipitated with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), RIP1, and IRAK1, we hypothesize that SH exerts its inhibitory function by interacting with TNFR1, interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1), and TLR3 complexes in the plasma membrane of infected cells.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The MuV SH has been shown to impede TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation and is therefore thought to contribute to viral immune evasion. However, the mechanisms by which SH mediates NF-κB inhibition remained largely unknown. In this study, we show that SH interacts with TNFR1, IL-1R1, and TLR3 complexes in infected cells. We thereby not only shed light on the mechanisms of SH-mediated NF-κB inhibition but also reveal that SH interferes with NF-κB activation induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and double-stranded RNA.
Low-Rank Spatial Channel Estimation for Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems (2014)

The tremendous bandwidth available in the millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies between 30 and 300 GHz have made these bands an attractive candidate for next-generation cellular systems. However, reliable communication at these frequencies depends extensively on beamforming with very high-dimensional antenna arrays. Estimating the channel sufficiently accurately to perform beamforming can thus be challenging both due to low coherence time and large number of antennas. Also, the measurements used for channel estimation may need to be made with analog beamforming where the receiver can "look" in only direction at a time. This work presents a novel method for estimation of the receive-side spatial covariance matrix of a channel from a sequence of power measurements made at different angular directions. The method reduces the spatial covariance estimation to a matrix completion optimization problem. To reduce the number of measurements, the optimization can incorporate the low-rank constraints in the channels that are typical in the mmW setting. The optimization is convex and fast, iterative methods are presented to solving the problem. Simulations are presented for both single and multi-path channels using channel models derived from real measurements in New York City at 28 GHz.
Misinterpretation of Clinical Research Findings and COVID-19 Mortality (2023)

The first 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic witnessed an unprecedented pace of research that dramatically lessened morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. This commentary discusses research findings that led to clinical practice recommendations that were later associated with excess mortality.
Cover Picture: Oxygen Microscopy by Two‐Photon‐Excited Phosphorescence (ChemPhysChem 12/2008) (2008)

The cover picture illustrates the chemical structure of a dendritic phosphorescent nanoprobe for two-photon microscopy of oxygen. Several antenna chromophores (yellow) capture the excitation energy from a pulsed femtosecond laser and channel it to the central platinum porphyrin (orange) via intramolecular Förster-type energy transfer. In their manuscript on page 1673, S. A. Vinogradov et al., show that oxygen has to diffuse through the dendritic layer in order to quench the porphyrin phosphorescence. Images of intracellular pO2 are obtained using the newly developed method.
Laser microfabrication using adaptive optics: parallelization and aberration correction (2011)

Pulsed lasers are used for sub micron scale fabrication. We employ adaptive optics for correction of focal depth induced aberrations and beam shaping. Adaptive multispot schemes are used for rapid parallel fabrication.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus: a case report (2019)

This was presumed to be a rare case of twin pregnancy by triploid embryo formation, followed by loss of an allele due to postzygotic diploidization, development of a diploid fetus, and development of another fetus from a separate embryo. Because of the existence of cases such as this one with a diploid fetus, but without a normal pregnancy coexistent with a complete hydatidiform mole, diagnosis by genetic analysis is required for prognosis.
Simulation, Fabrication and Measurement of Infrared Frequency Selective Surfaces (2008)

We show reflection and transmission measurements from frequency selective surfaces over a broad angular and wavelength range in the midwave infrared and compare to computational models using EIGERTM, a method-of-moments code.
Back-end-of-line a-SiOxCy:H dielectrics for resistive memory (2018)

Resistive switching of W/amorphous (a)-SiOxCy:H/Cu resistive memories incorporating solely native back-end-of-line (BEOL) materials were studied. A-SiC1.1:H, a-SiO0.9C0.7:H, and a-SiO1.5C0.2:H were exploited as switching layers for resistive memories which all show resistive-switching characteristics with ultrahigh ON/OFF ratios in the range of 106 to 1010. Ohmic conduction in the low resistance state is attributed to the formation of Cu conductive filament inside the a-SiOxCy:H switching layer. Rupture of the conductive filament leads to current conduction dominated by Schottky emission through a-SiOxCy:H Schottky contacts. Comparison of the switching characteristics suggests composition of the a-SiOxCy:H has influences on VFORM and VSET, and current conduction mechanisms. These results demonstrate the capability to achieve functional W/a-SiOxCy:H/Cu using entirely BEOL native materials for future embedded resistive memories.
How Twitter Can Support the HIV/AIDS Response to Achieve the 2030 Eradication Goal: In-Depth Thematic Analysis of World AIDS Day Tweets (2018)

The human rights-based response to HIV/AIDS eradication is critical. Findings demonstrate the usefulness of Twitter as a low-cost method to assess public sentiment for enhanced knowledge, increased hope, and revitalized expectations for HIV/AIDS eradication.
Unique design approach to realize an O-band laser monolithically integrated on 300 mm Si substrate by nano-ridge engineering (2022)

We introduce a new design space for optimizing III-V devices monolithically grown on Silicon substrates by extending the concept of nano-ridge engineering from binary semiconductors such as GaAs, InAs and GaSb to the ternary alloy InGaAs. This allows controlling the fundamental lattice constant of the fully relaxed ternary nano-ridge which thereby serves as a tunable base for the integration of diverse device hetero-layers. To demonstrate the flexibility of this approach, we realized an O-band nano-ridge laser containing three In<sub>0.45</sub>Ga<sub>0.55</sub>As quantum wells, which are pseudomorphically strained to an In<sub>0.25</sub>Ga<sub>0.75</sub>As nano-ridge base. The demonstration of an optically pumped nano-ridge laser operating around 1300 nm underlines the potential of this cost-efficient and highly scalable integration approach for silicon photonics.
Variation in ligand responses of the bitter taste receptors TAS2R1 and TAS2R4 among New World monkeys (2016)

Our results provide a basis for understanding the differences in feeding ecology among NWMs with respect to bitter taste.
High temperature measurement of a low emission, high pressure combustor using femtosecond laser written fiber Bragg gratings (2018)

Femtosecond Infrared (fs-IR) laser written fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), have shown great potential for sensing in extreme environments. This paper presents the fabrication and deployment of two fs-IR laser written FBG temperature probes, for monitoring temperature gradients on the flame tube of a low emission burner, during a high pressure combustor test of an optically accessible combustor rig (OACR). Results of this work include: contour plots of measured internal and exhaust temperature gradients, contrast of FBG measurements with thermocouple data, discussion of deployment strategies, as well as comments on reliability and other important considerations.
IVF results in de novo DNA methylation and histone methylation at an Igf2-H19 imprinting epigenetic switch (2005)

Recent studies suggest that IVF and assisted reproduction technologies (ART) may result in abnormal genomic imprinting, leading to an increased frequency of Angelman syndrome (AS) and Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome (BWS) in IVF children. To learn how ART might alter the epigenome, we examined morulas and blastocysts derived from C57BL/6J X M. spretus F1 mice conceived in vivo and in vitro and determined the allelic expression of four imprinted genes: Igf2, H19, Cdkn1c and Slc221L. IVF-derived mouse embryos that were cultured in human tubal fluid (HTF) (Quinn's advantage) media displayed a high frequency of aberrant H19 imprinting, whereas in vivo and IVF embryos showed normal maternal expression of Cdkn1c and normal biallelic expression of Igf2 and Slc221L. Embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from IVF blastocysts also showed abnormal Igf2/H19 imprinting. Allele-specific bisulphite PCR reveals abnormal DNA methylation at a CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) site in the imprinting control region (ICR), as the normally unmethylated maternal allele acquired a paternal methylation pattern. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicate an increase of lysine 4 methylation (dimethyl Lys4-H3) on the paternal chromatin and a gain in lysine 9 methylation (trimethyl Lys9-H3) on the maternal chromatin at the same CTCF-binding site. Our results indicate that de novo DNA methylation on the maternal allele and allele-specific acquisition of histone methylation lead to aberrant Igf2/H19 imprinting in IVF-derived ES cells. We suggest that ART, which includes IVF and various culture media, might cause imprinting errors that involve both aberrant DNA methylation and histone methylation at an epigenetic switch of the Igf2-H19 gene region.
A chip-based potentiometric sensor for a Zika virus diagnostic using 3D surface molecular imprinting (2019)

The latest Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic caused great international concern from explosively proliferating throughout the Americas. Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent Zika virus infection and available tests rely on antibodies or RNA. Unfortunately, antibody-based detection systems can result in false positive results and RNA-based detection systems are costly, time-consuming, and impractical for testing in remote regions. In this study, a potential point-of-care (POC) diagnostic system was developed using a chip-based potentiometric sensor to detect Zika virus using a 3D molecular imprinting technique. This chip-based potentiometric sensor system was able to detect 10<sup>-1</sup> PFU mL<sup>-1</sup> ZIKV in a buffered solution under 20 minutes without any sample manipulation. This sensor was tested against Dengue virus at clinical viral loads and showed no sign of cross-reactivity. When tested against human saliva samples containing clinical viral loads, this sensor was able to detect 10 PFU mL<sup>-1</sup> ZIKV among the pool of bio-macromolecules. The high sensitivity and high selectivity demonstrated here proved that this lab-on-a-chip diagnostic has the potential to become a POC detection system for rapid and accurate screening of flaviviruses.
Abstract 13857: Reduction of Infarct Size in Anterior ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) With LAD Occlusion and LV Unloading Using a Micro-Axial Pump for 30 Minutes Before PCI: A Per Protocol Analysis of the STEMI DTU Pilot Study (2022)

BACKGROUND: The STEMI-DTU pilot trial was the first exploratory study to identify that LV unloading and delaying reperfusion is safe and feasible in anterior STEMI without cardiogenic shock. We now report new findings in patients who met all protocol inclusion and exclusion criteria (per protocol cohort). Methods: In a multicenter, prospective, randomized safety and feasibility trial, we assigned 50 patients with anterior STEMI to LV unloading by using the Impella CP followed by immediate reperfusion (U-IR) versus delayed reperfusion after 30 minutes of unloading (U-DR). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging assessed infarct size normalized to the area at risk (IS/AAR) 3-5 days after PCI. Patients without CMR at 3-5 days (n=10; 5/arm), without PCI of a culprit LAD lesion (n=2; 1/arm) and without STEMI (n=5; 4 in U-IR, 1 in U-DR) were not per protocol and thus excluded from this analysis. Results: A total of 33 patients met all inclusion and exclusion criteria (U-IR n=15; U-DR n=18) with respective door-to-balloon times of 75±26 and 89±23 minutes (p=.10) and mean unload-to-balloon times of 10±5 and 34±3 (p&lt;0.01). In the total cohort, IS/AAR was significantly associated with microvascular obstruction (MVO), 30-day IS normalized to total LV mass, 90 day LVEF, and 90dday LV end systolic volume with or without a delay to reperfusion (Table, R&gt;0.5, p&lt;0.005 for all). Despite longer symptom to balloon times in the U-DR arm (174±59 vs 228±78, p&lt;0.01), IS/AAR was lower in the U-DR arm (62±16 vs 48±16, p=0.04) and remained significantly lower irrespective of the magnitude of precordial STE. MVO was significantly lower in the U-DR arm among patients with the highest precordial STE (Figure). Conclusion: A per protocol analysis of the STEMI-DTU Pilot trial identified a significant reduction in infarct size among patients with unloading and delayed reperfusion irrespective of precordial STE magnitude. These findings are currently under investigation in the STEMI-DTU Pivotal trial.
Characterization of Outer Membrane Vesicles fromBrucella melitensisand Protection Induced in Mice (2011)

The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from smooth B. melitensis 16 M and a derived rough mutant, VTRM1 strain, were purified and characterized with respect to protein content and induction of immune responses in mice. Proteomic analysis showed 29 proteins present in OMVs from B. melitensis 16 M; some of them are well-known Brucella immunogens such as SOD, GroES, Omp31, Omp25, Omp19, bp26, and Omp16. OMVs from a rough VTRM1 induced significantly higher expression of IL-12, TNFα, and IFNγ genes in bone marrow dendritic cells than OMVs from smooth strain 16 M. Relative to saline control group, mice immunized intramuscularly with rough and smooth OMVs were protected from challenge with virulent strain B. melitensis 16 M just as well as the group immunized with live strain B. melitensis Rev1 (P < 0.005). Additionally, the levels of serum IgG2a increased in mice vaccinated with OMVs from rough strain VTRM1 consistent with the induction of cell-mediated immunity.
The synthesis, structure and properties of single-wall molybdenum disulphide nanotubes (2001)

We report on the discovery, synthesis and basic structural and electronic properties of sub-nanometer diameter mono-molecular MoS2 single wall nanotubes. The nanotubes, produced by iodine transport reaction, group into bundles of identical molecules, varying only in length. In the infrared spectra, the tubes show evidence of a Drude-like behavior below 0.1 eV, while resistance measurements exhibit thermally activated conductivity, which is most probably not intrinsic, but due to inter-bundle and inter-tube contacts.
Photoelectrochemical Methods for III-V Compound Semiconductor Device Processing (1989)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and ...Read More
Turbulent Multi-Phase Flow Interactions Through Grid Turbulence Measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (2004)

Industrial processes involving multi-phase flows such as flotation require an understanding of the relationships between bubbles, solid particles and the flow. For decades engineers and researchers based their calculations on algebraic formulas that model these interactions. These formulas were derived either from simple models, or from experimental data. Modern experimental tools are employed in this effort to measure with great accuracy the basic features of the motion of all three phases in turbulent flow. We employed a unique Digital Particle Image Velocimeter (DPIV) that can record with great accuracy and kHz temporal resolution, velocity vectors of all three phases, namely the fluid, the solid particles and the air bubbles. The interaction of these three phases was studied in grid turbulence. Flow was directed through a rectangular grid of circular rods and the resulting homogeneous isotropic turbulence was documented. Particles and bubbles were released and the motion of the three phases was monitored. The particle RMS was in good agreement with a model proposed by Shubert, having an average RMS velocity of about 13% of the free stream velocity in the fully developed region. A theoretical model, derived first by Levins and Glastonbury was found to underpredict the particle RMS. The bubble RMS was about 26% of the free stream in the homogeneous isotropic region, 100% greater than the particle RMS and not consistent with the model predictions.
Low-temperature germanium ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition for back-end photonic integration (2009)

Polycrystalline germanium (poly-Ge) grown on amorphous Si (a-Si) by ultra-high vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHVCVD) over oxide barriers at low temperatures (Tles450degC) exhibits a larger grain size and lower defect density than the as-grown poly-Ge next to the oxide barriers. Poly-Ge as deposited at 450degC is p-type, but the introduction of PH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> during Ge deposition gives n-type poly-Ge with n = 2.1times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . The possible defect reduction and range of doping make poly-Ge a strong candidate for application to CMOS-compatible back-end photonic devices.
CDNF rescues motor neurons in three animal models of ALS by targeting ER stress (2020)

Abstract The role of chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as a potential drug target, has received increasing attention. Here, we investigated the mode of action and therapeutic effect of the ER resident protein cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) in preclinical models of ALS harboring different genetic mutations. We identify that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of CDNF significantly halts the progression of the disease and improves motor behavior in TDP43-M337V and SOD1-G93A rodent models of ALS. CDNF rescues motor neurons (MNs) in vitro and in vivo from ER stress associated cell death and its beneficial effect is independent of genetic disease etiology. Notably, CDNF regulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) initiated by transducers IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6, thereby enhancing MN survival. Thus, CDNF holds great promise for the design of new rational treatments for ALS.
DAS DROMOTROPE SCHRITTMACHERKONZEPT: PARAMETRISCHE SYSTEMIDENTIFIKATION (2002)

The focus of this paper is the design of a rate-responsive pacemaker which uses the atrio-ventricular conduction time (AVCT) as an exertion related sensor signal. AVCT can be easily obtained from an intracardial electrogram. During atrial pacing AVCT shortens with exercise but increases with the stimulation rate. Hence, an AVCT based pacemaker always establishes a closed-loop system. General design rules for an AVCT pacemaker have been developed from our experimental results and a system-theoretical treatment. Topics addressed were the controller gain, uncertainties concerning the dynamics of the AVCT, the attenuation of disturbances, the closed-loop bandwidth and stability.