gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel three-dimensional heterotypic spheroid model for the assessment of the activity of cancer immunotherapy agents (2016)

The complexity of the tumor microenvironment is difficult to mimic in vitro, particularly regarding tumor-host interactions. To enable better assessment of cancer immunotherapy agents in vitro, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) heterotypic spheroid model composed of tumor cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Drug targeting, efficient stimulation of immune cell infiltration, and specific elimination of tumor or fibroblast spheroid areas were demonstrated following treatment with a novel immunocytokine (interleukin-2 variant; IgG-IL2v) and tumor- or fibroblast-targeted T cell bispecific antibody (TCB). Following treatment with IgG-IL2v, activation of T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells was demonstrated by increased expression of the activation marker CD69 and enhanced cytokine secretion. The combination of TCBs with IgG-IL2v molecules was more effective than monotherapy, as shown by enhanced effects on immune cell infiltration; activation; increased cytokine secretion; and faster, more efficient elimination of targeted cells. This study demonstrates that the 3D heterotypic spheroid model provides a novel and versatile tool for in vitro evaluation of cancer immunotherapy agents and allows for assessment of additional aspects of the activity of cancer immunotherapy agents, including analysis of immune cell infiltration and drug targeting.
Learning Residual Dynamics via Physics-Augmented Neural Networks: Application to Vapor Compression Cycles (2023)

In order to improve the control performance of vapor compression cycles (VCCs), it is often necessary to construct accurate dynamical models of the underlying thermo-fluid dynamics. These dynamics are represented by complex mathematical models that are composed of large systems of nonlinear and numerically stiff differential algebraic equations (DAEs). The effects of nonlinearity and stiffness may be ameliorated by using physics-based models to describe characteristic system behaviors, and approximating the residual (unmodeled) dynamics using neural networks. In these so-called ‘physics-augmented’ or ‘physics-informed’ machine learning approaches, the learning problem is often solved by jointly estimating parameters of the physics component model and weights of the network. Furthermore, such approaches also often assume the availability of full-state information, which typically are not available in practice for energy systems such as VCCs after deployment. Rather than concurrently performing state/parameter estimation and network training, which often leads to numerical instabilities, we propose a framework for decoupling the network training from the joint state/parameter estimation problem by employing state-constrained Kalman smoothers customized for VCC applications. We show the effectiveness of our proposed framework on a Julia-based, high-fidelity simulation environment calibrated to a model of a commercially-available VCC and achieve an accuracy of 98% calculated over 24 states and multiple initial conditions under realistic operating conditions.
Overview of Aeroacoustic Testing of the High-Lift Common Research Model (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2113.vid This paper presents an overview of the experimental data obtained in a 2020/2021 aeroacoustic test of the high-lift variant of the common research model. The breadth of the aerodynamic and acoustic measurements is highlighted along with some key results. Aerodynamic data were observed to be consistent with previous observations, and the acoustic measurements were repeatable once some background noise and shear layer issues were resolved. The primary purpose of the test was to evaluate the noise reduction potential of slat noise reduction devices, and a slat-gap filler was found to produce substantial noise reduction over a broad frequency range. The gap filler was designed to meet practical implementation considerations at full scale and constructed out of a shape-memory alloy that would allow the slat to be articulated. However, additional structural testing will be required to demonstrate the performance of the gap filler during slat deployment and retraction. Over 3,500 test points were collected during the test, and only a small fraction of the experimental data have been processed in a preliminary manner. Nonetheless, the results presented demonstrate the quality of the dataset and reveal some insights about slat noise.
Hemolysis of human red blood cells induced by the combination of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and divalent metals: Modulation by anaerobiosis, certain antioxidants and oxidants (1999)

The objective of the present communication is to describe the role played by combinations between diethydithiocarbamate (DDC) and divalent metals in hemolysis of human RBC. RBC which had been treated with DDC (10-50 microM) were moderately hemolyzed (about 50%) upon the addition of subtoxic amounts of Cu2+ (50 microM). However, a much stronger and a faster hemolysis occurred either if mixtures of RBC-DDC were immediately treated either by Co2+ (50 microM) or by a premixture of Cu2+ and Co2+ (Cu:Co) (50 microM). While Fe2+ and Ni2+, at 50 microM, initiated 30-50% hemolysis when combined with DDC (50 microM), on a molar basis, Cd2+ was at least 50 fold more efficient than any of the other metals in the initiation of hemolysis by DDC. On the other hand, neither Mn2+ nor Zn2+, had any hemolysis-initiating effects. Co2+ was the only metal which totally blocked hemolysis if added to DDC prior to the addition of the other metals. Hemolysis by mixtures of DDC + (Cu:Co) was strongly inhibited by anaerobiosis (flushing with nitrogen gas), by the reducing agents glutathione, N-acetyl cysteine, mercaptosuccinate, ascorbate, TEMPO, and alpha-tocopherol, by the PLA2 inhibitorbromophenacylbromide (BrPACBr), by tetracycline as well as by phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and by trypan blue. However, TEMPO, BrPACBr and PC were the only agents which inhibited hemolysis induced by DDC: Cd2+ complexes. On the other hand, none of the classical scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) employed e.g dimethylthiourea, catalase, histidine, mannitol, sodium benzoate, nor the metal chelators desferal and phenanthroline, had any appreciable inhibitory effects on hemolysis induced by DDC + (Cu:Co). DDC oxidized by H2O2 lost its capacity to act in concert either with Cu2+ or with Cd2+ to hemolyze RBC. While either heating RBC to temperatures greater than 37 degrees C or exposure of the cells to glucose-oxidase-generated peroxide diminished their susceptibility to hemolysis, exposure to the peroxyl radical from AAPH, enhanced hemolysis by DDC + (Cu:Co). The cyclovoltammetry patterns of DDC were drastically changed either by Cu2+, Co2+ or by Cd2+ suggesting a strong interaction of the metals with DDC. Also, while the absorbance spectrum of DDC at 280 nm was decreased by 50% either by Co2+, Cd2+ or by H2O2, a 90% reduction in absorbance occurred if DDC + H2O2 mixtures were treated either by Cu2+ or by Co2+, but not by Cd2+. Taken together, it is suggested that DDC-metal chelates can induce hemolysis by affecting the stability and the integrity of the RBC membrane, and possibly also of the cytoskeleton and the role played by reducing agents as inhibitors might be related to their ability to deplete oxygen which is also supported by the inhibitory effects of anaeobiosis.
Investigation of the Effect of Particle Surface Charge and Dispersion Stability on Latex Behavior in Cement Using Non-Ionic and Traditional Latexes (2022)

In this work, a novel total non-ionic polystyrene-polyurethane (PS-PU) composite latex was synthesized with polymerizable polyethylene glycol ether. Contrary to traditional styrene-butyl acrylate latex (St-BA), PS-PU has a smaller size and superior dispersion stability, and it is stable in saturated Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> even after 72 h. In fresh-mixed mortars, PS-PU showed a little adverse effect on workability and insignificant air entrainment, with little defoamer consumption. The retardation effect of PS-PU is also much milder than traditional St-BA. As for strength, PS-PU showed a less adverse effect on early and late age compressive strength, but its effect on flexural strength is not as pronounced as St-BA at high dosages (4% and 6%). The different behavior in cementitious materials between PS-PU and St-BA can be reasoned from their different adsorption behavior and surface charge properties, as the results from characterizations suggest. The non-ionic nature of PS-PU made it less prone to destabilization and adsorption, which turned out as the aforementioned behavior in cementitious systems. The difference can further be ascribed to the difference in their polymeric structure and properties.
Final Results of a Randomized Controlled Study of the Ibritumomab Tiuxetan Radioimmunotherapy Regimen vs a Standard Course of Rituximab Immunotherapy for B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (2001)

Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) is a murine anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody covalently bound to the chelator tiuxetan, which can securely chelate yttrium-90. We performed a randomized controlled trial
A system for the measurement of the starting instant of impulsive transients [power systems] (2004)

There is a search for investigation techniques capable of characterizing voltage transients, which are one of the main causes of power quality degradation, and classifying them depending on their origin. In a previous paper, the use of a distributed measurement system for power quality monitoring in parallel with a lightning location system was proposed to assess whether a lightning event is responsible for a voltage transient. An accurate estimate of the transient's starting instant is required to tackle that task. In this paper, a system for the measurement of the starting instant of impulsive voltage transients is proposed and the procedures for its metrological characterization are described. The results of the characterization tests are also reported and discussed.
A distributed MAC based on maximal packing (2011)

A distributed algorithm for media access control based on maximal packing is developed, suitable for infrastructure based indoor wireless networks. The algorithm is iterative, and only involves message passing between neighboring access points. The algorithm is evaluated for pico-cellular network consisting of 10 access points. Throughput at full-buffer loading is improved by 25% over reuse 1 (no inter-AP coordination), for users and bases with two antennas.
Location resolved internal structure identification and defect detection in PIC chips with optical coherence domain reflectometer (2022)

We explore using a coherence domain reflectometry (OCDR) we developed to probe the inside of PIC chips. With clean and sharp reflection peaks having a spatial resolution down to 3 μm in Si, OCDR has the potential to detect and locate defects or anomalies inside PIC chips.
Compositions of orthogonal lysyl-tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs and uses thereof (2023)

Compositions and methods of producing components of protein biosynthetic machinery that include orthogonal lysyl-tRNAs, orthogonal lysyl-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and orthogonal pairs of lysyl-tRNAs/synthetases, which incorporate homoglutamines into proteins are provided in response to a four base codon. Methods for identifying these orthogonal pairs are also provided along with methods of producing proteins with homoglutamines using these orthogonal pairs.
A Distributed Algorithm for Optimal Dispatch in Smart Power Grids with Piecewise Linear Cost Functions (2013)

We consider the optimal economic dispatch of power generators in a smart electric grid for allocating power between generators to meet load requirements at minimum total cost. We assume that each generator has a piecewise linear cost function. We first present a polynomial time algorithm that achieves optimal dispatch. We then present a decentralized algorithm where, each generator independently adjusts its power output using only the aggregate power imbalance in the network, which can be observed by each generator through local measurements of the frequency deviation on the grid. The algorithm we propose exponentially erases the power imbalance, while eventually minimizing the generation cost.
Drug-induced phospholipidosis confounds drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Repurposing drugs as treatments for COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has drawn much attention. Beginning with sigma receptor ligands and expanding to other drugs from screening in the field, we became concerned that phospholipidosis was a shared mechanism underlying the antiviral activity of many repurposed drugs. For all of the 23 cationic amphiphilic drugs we tested, including hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, amiodarone, and four others already in clinical trials, phospholipidosis was monotonically correlated with antiviral efficacy. Conversely, drugs active against the same targets that did not induce phospholipidosis were not antiviral. Phospholipidosis depends on the physicochemical properties of drugs and does not reflect specific target-based activities-rather, it may be considered a toxic confound in early drug discovery. Early detection of phospholipidosis could eliminate these artifacts, enabling a focus on molecules with therapeutic potential.
Radiation treatment planning with embedded dose escalation (2019)

The DVH-based approach provided the highest embedded doses for all target diameters and patient example with modest increases in R50%, achieved by decreasing MLC segment size while increasing MU. These results suggest that embedding doses > 220% of tumor margin dose is feasible, potentially improving TCP for solid tumors.
Innovative 3D integration of power MOSFETs for synchronous buck converters (2011)

Efficiency and power loss in the microelectronic devices is a major issue in power electronics applications. The engineers are challenged every year to increase power density and at the same time reduce the amount of power dissipated in the applications to keep the maximum temperatures under specifications. This situation drives a constant demand for better efficiencies in smaller packages. Traditional approaches to improve efficiency in DC/DC synchronous buck converters include reducing conduction losses in the MOSFETs through lower RDS(ON) devices and lowering switching losses through low-frequency operation. However the incremental improvements in RDS(ON) are at a point of diminishing returns and low RDS(ON) devices have large parasitic capacitances that do not facilitate the high-frequency operation required to improve power density. The drive for higher efficiency and increased power in smaller packages is being addressed by advancements in both silicon and packaging technologies. The NexFET Power Block combines these two technologies to achieve higher levels of performance, and in half the space versus discrete MOSFETs. This article explains these new technologies and highlights their performance advantage.
GP2C: Geometric Projection Parameter Consensus for Joint 3D Pose and Focal Length Estimation in the Wild (2019)

We present a joint 3D pose and focal length estimation approach for object categories in the wild. In contrast to previous methods that predict 3D poses independently of the focal length or assume a constant focal length, we explicitly estimate and integrate the focal length into the 3D pose estimation. For this purpose, we combine deep learning techniques and geometric algorithms in a two-stage approach: First, we estimate an initial focal length and establish 2D-3D correspondences from a single RGB image using a deep network. Second, we recover 3D poses and refine the focal length by minimizing the reprojection error of the predicted correspondences. In this way, we exploit the geometric prior given by the focal length for 3D pose estimation. This results in two advantages: First, we achieve significantly improved 3D translation and 3D pose accuracy compared to existing methods. Second, our approach finds a geometric consensus between the individual projection parameters, which is required for precise 2D-3D alignment. We evaluate our proposed approach on three challenging real-world datasets (Pix3D, Comp, and Stanford) with different object categories and significantly outperform the state-of-the-art by up to 20% absolute in multiple different metrics.
Frequency Characteristics of Path Loss and Delay-Angular Profile of Propagation Channels in An Indoor Room Environment in SHF Bands (2017)

Comparison of channel characteristics at many frequency bands is necessary to study the frequency-de-pendency which is important for consistent multi-frequency spatial-temporal channel model. Path loss (PL) and power spectrum characteristics of the channel measured in a typical classroom line-of-sight (LOS) were presented at three different bands: 3, 10 and 28 GHz. The results showed that diffuse scattering was more significant in lower bands, whereas specular reflection was more significant in higher bands. Moreover, PL of 3 and 10 GHz were higher than their free space PL (FSPL) counterparts. For 28 GHz band, the PL was roughly the same as FSPL.
Lockless hash tables with low false negatives (2014)

Hash tables are efficient storage data structures widely used in many types of high-performance computer-related problems. In their design, optimal trade-offs must be made to accommodate for the specific characteristics of the application. In this paper we present lock-free low-false-negative (LFN) tables, a family of hash tables designed to address one such type of trade-off. LFN tables sacrifice a low probability of false negatives and a very low (or negligible) probability of false positives to achieve higher performance access time in concurrent shared memory applications. LFM tables are structurally biased towards false negatives and therefore are more suitable for applications that tolerate better false negatives than positives. In this paper we provide a mathematical analysis of their performance and provide use cases where they can be deployed to eliminate shared memory access bottlenecks in the context of very high-speed computer networks.
Complementation of the temperature-sensitive defect in H5ts125 adenovirus DNA replication in vitro. (1979)

Soluble extracts of adenovirus-infected HeLa cell nuclei support DNA replication on exogenous adenovirus DNA templates. Conditions of synthesis using both wild-type and temperature-sensitive extracts have been defined. Nuclear extracts prepared from cells permissively infected with the adenovirus mutant H5ts125 expressed the temperature-sensitive phenotype and could be inactivated at 37 degrees C in vitro. These extracts were completely complemented by the addition of wild-type adenovirus DNA binding protein but not by H5ts125 DNA binding protein. Enhancement by binding protein in the mutant extracts represents replication, as demonstrated by the production of full-sized products and orderly chain elongation originating, as in vivo, at both ends of the linear DNA. Replicative synthesis required the 5'-terminal protein bound covalently to template DNA and could be inhibited by denaturation of this 55,000-dalton protein. Various inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA polymerases, such as aphidicolin and 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate, inhibited replication of exogenous adenovirus templates in this system as they do in previously reported systems that only elongate endogenous replicating intermediates.
Design and Characterization of Package-Embedded Solenoidal Magnetic Core Inductors for High-Frequency and High-Efficiency SIP Integrated Voltage Regulators (2021)

In this article, the design and characterization of package-embedded solenoid inductors for a high-efficiency, four-phase system-in-package (SIP) buck-type integrated voltage regulator (IVR) switching at 100 MHz is discussed. The IVR enables three conversion ratios (5, 3, and 1.7-1 V) with a minimum inductance of 25 nH/phase and a load current of 10 A (2.5 A/phase). Two inductor designs (one with a rectangular core made of an epoxy dielectric/NiZn ferrite composite magnetic material/epoxy dielectric stack and one with an elliptical core of NiZn ferrite composite magnetic material only) were optimized and compared based on the highest achievable IVR efficiency. At high-load conditions (>5 A), the elliptical core inductor showed higher efficiency than the rectangular core inductor over the frequency range investigated (10-100 MHz). The elliptical core inductors were fabricated using a novel fabrication process combining core printing, noncontact photolithography, and copper electroplating. Two simple deembedding techniques which use a single thru structure and its equivalent circuit model as well as a cascade-based two-port analysis were introduced for the characterizations of the fabricated inductors. The accuracy of these deemebedding techniques was assessed using commercial, fixed-air core inductors and standard THRU and thru-reflect-line (TRL) deembedding for comparison purpose. Less than 5% difference was observed between the TRL and the introduced deembedding techniques for the inductance and ac resistance for both the fixed air core and package-embedded magnetic core inductors. The extracted electrical parameters of the fabricated inductors were compared with the modeling results and a good correlation was observed at 100 MHz.
Polymeric networks for controlled release of drugs: a patent review (2016)

A critical analysis of challenges potentially facing extended propulsion of the research and development of polymeric networks is provided. The significant therapeutic potential of polymer networks for controlled drug delivery is highlighted in the patented drug delivery systems examined; however, there needs to be enhanced representation of such systems in the market and thus available to patients. Concerted efforts are therefore necessary to propel these systems from the experimental setting to pilot scale production, and preclinical and clinical testing, for extension of their practicality.
Effects of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of Hyper Eutectic Al-Si Alloy Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering (2009)

A hyper eutectic Al-24mass%Si alloy powder atomized in Ar was consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and the effect of the microstructure on mechanical properties of the sintered compact was examined. The sintered compact produced by SPS method at a sintering temperature of 723 K which is 150 K lower than that of PM method was fully densified, and had good mechanical properties. When the Al-24mass% alloy powder was consolidated by SPS, the microstructure became a morphology which proeutectic Si regularly arranged at the boundary between the powder particles. This result indicates the occurrence of the local melting on the powder surface. Consequently, the stable oxide film on the powder particle surface was removed by occurrence of spark plasma during SPS and the strong bonding between the particles was obtained.