gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferula communis Root Extract: In Vitro Evaluation of the Potential Additive Effect with Chemotherapy Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Cells Part II (2023)

<i>Ferula</i> L., belonging to the <i>Apiaceae</i> family, is represented by about 170 species predominantly present in areas with a mild-warm-arid climate, including the Mediterranean region, North Africa and Central Asia. Numerous beneficial activities have been reported for this plant in traditional medicine, including antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, anti-dysentery, stomachache with diarrhea and cramps remedies. FER-E was obtained from the plant <i>F. communis,</i> and precisely from the root, collected in Sardinia, Italy. A total of 25 g of root was mixed with 125 g of acetone (ratio 1:5, room temperature). The solution was filtered, and the liquid fraction was subjected to high pressure liquid chromatographic separation (HPLC). In particular, 10 mg of dry root extract powder, from <i>F. communis,</i> was dissolved in 10.0 mL of methanol, filtered with a 0.2 µm PTFE filter and subjected to HPLC analysis. The net dry powder yield obtained was 2.2 g. In addition, to reduce the toxicity of FER-E, the component ferulenol was removed. High concentrations of FER-E have demonstrated a toxic effect against breast cancer, with a mechanism independent of the oxidative potential, which is absent in this extract. In fact, some in vitro tests were used and showed little or no oxidizing activity by the extract. In addition, we appreciated less damage on the respective healthy cell lines (breast), assuming that this extract could be used for its potential role against uncontrolled cancer growth. The results of this research have also shown that <i>F. communis</i> extract could be used together with tamoxifen, increasing its effectiveness, and reducing side effects. However, further confirmatory experiments should be carried out.
The Use of Biologics in NFL Athletes: An Expert Consensus of NFL Team Physicians (2023)

This study established an expert consensus on 47 statements relating to the use of biologics in NFL athletes. In addition to providing clinical guidance for the use of biologics in NFL athletes, this study identified key areas for future focus including the development of athlete education materials.
A New Prognostic Index In Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Using Serum Albumin: A Pilot Study Evaluating The Albumin Adjusted-International Prognostic Index (A-IPI) (2013)

Abstract Introduction Low serum albumin (SA) has been identified as a prognostic marker in multiple hematological malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Low SA may be an indicator of worsening disease biology, increased inflammation, or increased co-morbidities. Changing demographics and improved care of the elderly may abrogate some of the risk attributable to age. SA, however, may not be influenced by such changes. Currently the Revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI), the currently best accepted model for prognosis in DLBCL, does not account for albumin. We therefore explored the use of albumin as a prognostic variable in conjunction with the covariates included in the R-IPI. Methods Patients with DLBCL treated between 2007-2010 with RCHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) were retrospectively identified using the Moffitt Total Cancer Care platform. Age, ECOG performance status, LDH, extrandoal sites of disease, stage, and albumin were collected and analyzed using Random Forest Modeling. Both age and extranodal involvement failed to retain statistical significance and were dropped from the model, leading to the generation of a new algorithm, the Albumin Adjusted IPI (A-IPI). This score assigned a point for SA&lt;3.7g/dL, LDH &gt;the upper limit of normal, ECOG performance status &gt;=2, and Ann Arbor stage III-IV. Progression free and overall survival was compared by the risk groups using Kaplan-Meier curves along with the log rank test. Statistical analysis was done using R statistical software. Results A total of 124 patients were identified. Median age was 58 years with 62% male. 46% were over the age of 60 at diagnosis and 63% were Ann Arbor stage 3 or 4. The A-IPI score identified three groups of patients (Very good: A-IPI=0, Good: A-IPI=1-2, Poor: A-IPI=3-4), similar to the R-IPI. PFS and OS at 4 years were compared using the A-IPI and R-IPI (Table 1). Conclusions In comparison to the R-IPI, the A-IPI appears to better define poor risk patients while retaining the ability to discriminate well between low (“Very Good”) and intermediate (“Good”) risk groups. Confirmation in a larger and prospective cohort is indicated, however, these preliminary data suggest SA may be a better surrogate for co-morbid status, pro-inflammatory states, and worse disease biology than age in patients with DLBCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Influence of Spore Morphology on Spectrophotometric Quantification of Trichoderma Inocula (2020)

Species of the genus <i>Trichoderma</i> are filamentous fungi commonly used in research, industry and agriculture. <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> strains are prominent producers of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes as well as being expression hosts; several other species such as <i>T. atroviride</i> might be exploited as biocontrol agents. A careful preparation of <i>Trichoderma</i> inocula, which consists mainly of conidia (asexual spores), is of immense importance. Conidia concentration is still mostly determined with the help of a hemocytometer; however, as a more accurate and time-saving alternative, absorbance can be used to estimate fungal spore counts. We established a spectrophotometric method for fast and reliable preparation of <i>Trichoderma</i> inocula by evaluating the effect of size, shape and pigmentation of the conidia at different wavelengths.
The role of de novo mutations in adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders (2018)

The genetic underpinnings of the most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders (AOND) are complex in majority of the cases. In some families, however, the disease can be inherited in a Mendelian fashion as an autosomal-dominant trait. Next to that, patients carrying mutations in the same disease genes have been reported despite a negative family history. Although challenging to demonstrate due to the late onset of the disease in most cases, the occurrence of de novo mutations can explain this sporadic presentation, as demonstrated for severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Exome or genome sequencing of patient-parent trios allows a hypothesis-free study of the role of de novo mutations in AOND and the discovery of novel disease genes. Another hypothesis that may explain a proportion of sporadic AOND cases is the occurrence of a de novo mutation after the fertilization of the oocyte (post-zygotic mutation) or even as a late-somatic mutation, restricted to the brain. Such somatic mutation hypothesis, that can be tested with the use of novel sequencing technologies, is fully compatible with the seeding and spreading mechanisms of the pathological proteins identified in most of these disorders. We review here the current knowledge and future perspectives on de novo mutations in known and novel candidate genes identified in the most common AONDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum and Prion disorders. Also, we review the first lessons learned from recent genomic studies of control and diseased brains and the challenges which remain to be addressed.
Photosensitization of Singlet Oxygen via Two-Photon-Excited Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in a Water-Soluble Dendrimer (2005)

A novel approach for the sensitization of singlet oxygen has been developed which utilizes indirect excitation of the photosensitizer by two-photon-excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from separate chromophores assembled into a dendrimer. This approach effectively enhances the two-photon excitation efficiency of a known photosensitizer, without the sort of chromophore modifications that could lead to loss of photosensitization and other desirable photophysical properties. Photosensitization of singlet oxygen via excitation wavelengths transmissive to human body tissue (750−1000 nm) could alleviate the depth limitations of photodynamic therapy. The dendritic photosensitizer was prepared by grafting two-photon-absorbing chromophores and water-solubilizing moieties to a known multivalent porphyrin photosensitizer. Efficient FRET (>99% quenching of donor emission) between the peripheral donor two-photon-absorbing chromophores and the central acceptor photosensitizer at the core of the dendrimer was demonstrated under two-photon excitation conditions in an aqueous medium. Photosensitized production of singlet oxygen was monitored through chemical trapping and oxygen luminescence. Both methods independently demonstrated enhanced two-photon-induced singlet oxygen generation upon incorporation of two-photon-absorbing chromophores capable of efficient FRET to the photosensitizer.
Environmental Factors Affecting Hydrogen Entry into High Strength Steel due to Atmospheric Corrosion (2006)

Hydrogen entry into high strength steel has been investigated by hydrogen permeation measurements under wet-dry cyclic environments. Dominant environmental factors that control hydrogen entry were temperature, relative humidity, and the amount of sea salt on the steel surface. Corrosion rate increased with an increase in temperature, resulting in enhanced hydrogen permeation. Hydrogen entry was promoted at lower relative humidity (40–60%), by the hydrolysis of Fe3+ accelerated by condensed Cl− ions in the water layer. A maximum hydrogen permeation coefficient was observed at the Cl− amount of 0.03 kg/m2 on the steel surface, corresponding to a maximum corrosion rate determined by an appropriate water layer thickness. Crack susceptibility of the steel has also been investigated by stress fracture tests under wet-dry cyclic environments. Steels with tensile strengths beyond 1400 MPa suffered from cracking at higher temperatures and the Cl− of 0.03 kg/m2. The fracture test results mean that crack susceptibility strongly depended upon the environmental severities which promoted hydrogen entry.
Highly Tough and Reliable Poly(Amic Acid) with Ballistic Impact‐Resistance through Modulation of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions (2023)

Poly(amic acid) (PAA) materials as the precursor of polyimide generally show remarkably poor mechanical properties, thus limiting their application as the engineering plastics. In this study, it is demonstrated that the mechanical properties of PAA materials can be improved significantly for tens of folds with breaking strength >50 MPa, Young's modulus >400 MPa, and elongation at break >300% by incorporation of 20% (mol%) poly(propylene glycol) (PPO) soft segments. The optimization for suitable hard-soft composition with 20% PPO and the existence of various hydrogen bonds with different binding energies can dissipate energies efficiently, which simultaneously improve the material strength and toughness. In addition, PAA82 films exhibit excellent tolerance toward cyclic stretch, and have the capability to resist various harsh conditions including solar radiation testing (1 sun), heat (85 °C), alkalinity (pH 10), and acidity (pH 4) over one month. Noted that PAA82 films can be laminated with Kapton films, which show excellent resistance to ultrahigh (200 °C) and ultralow temperature (-196 °C). The laminated film also exhibits bulletproof property with a thickness of 6 mm. The strategy via modulation of hard-soft compositions and hydrogen bonds in PAA materials shows great potentials to improve the mechanical properties of polymeric materials.
Modeling of Drug and Drug-Encapsulated Nanoparticle Transport in Patient-Specific Coronary Artery Walls to Treat Vulnerable Plaques (2010)

The main objective of this work is to develop computational tools to support the design of a catheter-based local drug delivery system that uses nanoparticles as drug carriers in order to treat vulnerable plaques and diffuse atherosclerotic disease.
Differential voltage analysis for battery manufacturing process control (2023)

Voltage-based battery metrics are ubiquitous and essential in battery manufacturing diagnostics. They enable electrochemical “fingerprinting” of batteries at the end of the manufacturing line and are naturally scalable, since voltage data is already collected as part of the formation process which is the last step in battery manufacturing. Yet, despite their prevalence, interpretations of voltage-based metrics are often ambiguous and require expert judgment. In this work, we present a method for collecting and analyzing full cell near-equilibrium voltage curves for end-of-line manufacturing process control. The method builds on existing literature on differential voltage analysis (DVA or dV/dQ) by expanding the method formalism through the lens of reproducibility, interpretability, and automation. Our model revisions introduce several new derived metrics relevant to manufacturing process control, including lithium consumed during formation and the practical negative-to-positive ratio, which complement standard metrics such as positive and negative electrode capacities. To facilitate method reproducibility, we reformulate the model to account for the “inaccessible lithium problem” which quantifies the numerical differences between modeled versus true values for electrode capacities and stoichiometries. We finally outline key data collection considerations, including C-rate and charging direction for both full cell and half cell datasets, which may impact method reproducibility. This work highlights the opportunities for leveraging voltage-based electrochemical metrics for online battery manufacturing process control.
A straightforward access to photochromic diarylethene derivatives via palladium-catalysed direct heteroarylation of 1,2-dichloroperfluorocyclopentene (2012)

A novel and efficient palladium-catalysed direct di-heteroarylation of 1,2-dichloroperfluorocyclopentene with a variety of heteroarenes is reported, giving rise to 1,2-di(heteroaryl)ylperfluorocyclopentene photochromic compounds. The reaction proceeds with thiazoles, thiophenes or furan derivatives and tolerates various substituents.
Measurement of the curvature of a surface using parallel light beams (2023)

Apparatus for measuring curvature of a surface wherein a beam of collimated light is passed through means for producing a plurality of parallel light beams each separated by a common distance which then reflect off the surface to fall upon a detector that measures the separation of the reflected beams of light. This means can be an etalon and the combination of a diffractive element and a converging lens. The curvature of the surface along the line onto which the multiple beams fall can be calculated from this information. A two-dimensional map of the curvature can be obtained by adding a second etalon (or a second combination of a diffractive element and a converging lens) which is rotated 90.degree. about the optical axis relative to the first etalon and inclined at the same angle. The second etalon creates an individual set of parallel light beams from each of the individual beams created by the first etalon with the sets of parallel light beams from the second etalon rotated 90.degree. relative to the line onto which the single set of parallel beams from the first etalon would have fallen.
Synthetic Studies of Mangostin Derivatives with an Inhibitory Activity on PDGF-Induced Human Aortic Smooth Cells Proliferation (2009)

The mangostin derivatives 3-10, were synthesized by halogenation, electrochemical oxidation, and mCPBA oxidation of and -mangostins (1, 2).
Real-Time Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Data Link Alternatives (1990)

This paper describes real-time data broadcast systems for the transmission of differential GPS (DGPS) data to mobile users. It considers broadcast systems for meter level DGPS, which require data rates of 50 to 100 bits per second; and it considers broadcast systems for decimeter level DGPS, which require 1000 to 2000 bits per second. The study requires that the mobile terminals be small-commensurate with operation on a 16-foot skiff. It considers broadcast systems of the following types: low- and medium-frequency groundwave systems; high-frequency skywave systems; very high- and ultra high-frequency systems;
and satellite systems. It characterizes these systems on the basis of coverage, time delay, the amount of development required by USAETL, cost, and the number of additional field personnel required. Finally, the paper discusses multiple reference station systems.
MAC performance for second generation UWB (2008)

Next generation UWB design needs higher data rates than those proposed by ECMA-368 in order to be competitive. This paper investigates ECMA-368 MAC performance for extended data rates. It is shown that throughput improves at these extended PHY rates, when PHY frame size (L) is increased to 8190 octets under reasonable BER values. This improvement is a function of the transfer size. L=8190 octets exhibits >16% (>100 Mbps) improvement over L=4095 octets, for large transfers (>65 K octets). This is a worthwhile change since doubling PHY frame size imposes minor incremental complexity relative to the overall effort to support the extended PHY rates. It is shown also that scaling L does not improve throughput for bad channels (PER>12% normalized to 4095 octet payload). To maintain higher throughput under bad channel conditions, we need the ability to increase L without increasing PER. This can be achieved by packing multiple MPDUs into a single PSDU, each with its own frame check sum. This reduces PER by making it a function of the MPDU size and not PHY frame size. Complex MAC changes are needed for such a scheme. Fortunately, this scheme is only needed under bad channel conditions which are not suitable for extended data rates to start with.
Development of the integrated environmental control model: Performance and cost models for electrostatic precipitators. Quarterly progress report (1994)

The purpose of this contract is to develop and refine the integrated environmental control model (IECM). In its current configuration, the IECM provides a capability to model various conventional and advanced processes for controlling air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants before, during, or after combustion. The principal purpose of the model is to calculate the performance, emissions, and cost of power plant configurations employing alternative environmental control methods. In this report the authors describe the development of analytical models for the performance and costs of high-performance particulate control technologies, focusing on electrostatic precipitators. They pay special attention to developing models which can be used to estimate costs for systems whose performance is up to a factor of three below the present NSPS standards of 0.03 lb/MMBtu. Typically, the cost models relate the capital costs and the operating and maintenance (O and M) costs to process parameters and the costs of labor and materials. The capital cost models are anchored to a base capital cost for a specific size unit and adjusted according to the actual or design parameters. The performance modes are constructed to estimate the process parameters for a desired level of emissions control. The primary motivation formore » these models is to estimate the costs of complying with environmental standards on a basis reflects recent advances in control technology. Finally, the authors incorporate the uncertainties in various process parameters and inputs costs so as to allow a more rational and robust basis for comparing different technologies. In the following sections the authors discuss the development of the performance and cost models for electrostatic precipitators followed by a numerical example which illustrates the use of these new models.« less
Session 15 overview: Digital PLLs: High-performance digital subcommittee (2014)

The four papers presented in this session highlight developments in clock generation and distribution. These papers demonstrate the growing trend toward fully-synthesizable digital PLLs. Solutions presented relate to digital PLL integration, including power-supply noise rejection, temperature compensation, and fast frequency switching required in modern SoCs.
Finger Gesture Sensing and Recognition Using a Wi-Fi-based Passive Radar (2019)

This paper presents a real-time finger gesture sensing system based on a passive radar that uses ambient Wi-Fi signals or those of an access point (AP). The core hardware of the system is an injection-locked quadrature receiver (ILQR) that receives the reference and echo signals of Wi-Fi for processing to obtain Doppler phase shifts for moving fingers. Additionally, a fast circumcenter estimation method is used for dc-offset compensation in the arctangent demodulation process. With the help of machine learning, gesture recognition can be carried out to distinguish accurately various finger gestures.
Novel BI-FDTD Approach for the Analysis of Chiral Cylinders and Spheres (2006)

A versatile time-domain technique, known as bi-isotropic finite difference time domain (BI-FDTD), has recently been introduced for the numerical analysis of electromagnetic wave interactions with complex bi-isotropic media. However, to date only one-dimensional BI-FDTD schemes have been successfully implemented. This paper presents novel two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) dispersive BI-FDTD formulations for the first time. The update equations for these new 2-D and 3-D BI-FDTD approaches are developed and applied to the analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering by chiral cylinders and spheres in free space. The distinctive feature of this technique is the use of two independent sets of wavefields representing the left- and right-polarized waves in the chiral medium. This wavefield decomposition approach allows dispersive models for the chirality parameter as well as the permittivity and permeability of the medium to be readily incorporated into an FDTD scheme. The 2-D and 3-D BI-FDTD simulation results are compared with available analytical solutions for the scattering from a circular chiral cylinder and a chiral sphere respectively
Rapid thermal analysis of energetic materials with microfabricated differential scanning calorimeters (2009)

This paper introduces a class of single crystal silicon micro-scale differential scanning calorimeters for rapid detection and thermal characterization of energetic materials. The suspended membrane micro hotplates have fast time response and high sensitivity, which enables thermal measurements of melting endotherms and deflagration exotherms in energetic materials such as RDX and TNT. The potential exists for sensitivities in the picogram range with thermal scans in the 10's of milliseconds and controlled thermal cycling faster than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> degC/sec.