gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of two Human Anti-DNA Antibodies Bearing the Pathogenic Idiotype 8.12 (1993)

Antibodies against double stranded DNA (dsDNA) are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis. Up to one third of an SLE patient's anti-dsDNA antibodies can express the lambda L chain idiotype 8.12. Serum titers of this idiotype are elevated in 50% of SLE patients, and idiotypic antibodies are present in glomerular immune deposits associated with lupus nephritis. Two EBV transformed B cell lines, KS3 from a patient with SLE and SD6 from an individual without autoimmune disease, secrete 8.12+ IgG antibodies that bind dsDNA. The 8.12+ lambda L chains of these anti-DNA antibodies are encoded by members of the V lambda II gene family; the KS3 heavy chain is encoded by a VH4-DM1-DQ52-JH6b-C gamma 1 gene rearrangement and the SD6 heavy chain is encoded by a VH3-D21/9-JH6b-C gamma 1 rearrangement. Both of these monoclonal antibodies are somatically mutated: the KS3 antibody displays mutations in complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and the SD6 antibody in framework regions (FRs). The significance of these different patterns of mutation in two potentially pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies is discussed.
Copolymerization of propene and butadiene with MgCl2 supported titanium catalytic systems (1993)

Abstract Upon copolymerization of propene and butadiene, using the recent generation of high mileage stereospecific MgCl 2 supported TiCl 4 AIR 3 catalytic systems, it is possible to incorporate a small proportion of butadiene units in polypropene, keeping reasonable, although strongly reduced, activity. The isospecificity of the catalysts for the propene polymerization is not affected, and even may be improved upon butadiene incorporation. The butadiene is incorporated in blocks of trans ‐1,4 units. The amount of incorporation is dependent on the temperature, on the presence and then on the nature and concentration of a silane compound as an external Lewis base, and also on the nature of the alkylaluminium cocatalyst. The silane causes a small amount of 1,2‐butadiene units to be incorporated. The molecular weights of the polymers are strongly decreased but the crystallinity is only slightly affected.
Plasmonic field confinement for separate absorption-multiplication in InGaAs nanopillar avalanche photodiodes (2015)

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are essential components in quantum key distribution systems and active imaging systems requiring both ultrafast response time to measure photon time of flight and high gain to detect low photon flux. The internal gain of an APD can improve system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Excess noise is typically kept low through the selection of material with intrinsically low excess noise, using separate-absorption-multiplication (SAM) heterostructures, or taking advantage of the dead-space effect using thin multiplication regions. In this work we demonstrate the first measurement of excess noise and gain-bandwidth product in III-V nanopillars exhibiting substantially lower excess noise factors compared to bulk and gain-bandwidth products greater than 200 GHz. The nanopillar optical antenna avalanche detector (NOAAD) architecture is utilized for spatially separating the absorption region from the avalanche region via the NOA resulting in single carrier injection without the use of a traditional SAM heterostructure.
Low-volume stackable flyback converter with near minimum deviation controller (2014)

This paper introduces a flyback-based low-volume modular converter and complementary mixed-signal controller that provide input voltage and output current sharing as well as near optimal transient response. This serial-input paralleloutput switch-mode power supply (SMPS) is well suited for high-step down ratio applications where, compared to a conventionally used multi-phase buck, it requires a smaller output filter volume, lower MOSFET blocking voltages, and provides better dynamic response. The stackable flyback also has better power processing efficiency and provides inherent passive current sharing. These advantages are achieved by utilizing low-voltage flyback cells and a novel implementation of minimum deviation control method. Experiments with a 12-to-1-V, 4-A, 500kHz 2-cell stacked flyback converter prototype show that, compared to an equivalent 12-V 2-phase conventional buck with approximately the same inductor volume, the introduced converter has 14% smaller output capacitor, up to 40% lower power losses, and 33% faster transient response.
High-Throughput Chemical Screen Identifies a Novel Potent Modulator of Cellular Circadian Rhythms and Reveals CKIα as a Clock Regulatory Kinase (2010)

The circadian clock underlies daily rhythms of diverse physiological processes, and alterations in clock function have been linked to numerous pathologies. To apply chemical biology methods to modulate and dissect the clock mechanism with new chemical probes, we performed a circadian screen of ∼120,000 uncharacterized compounds on human cells containing a circadian reporter. The analysis identified a small molecule that potently lengthens the circadian period in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequent analysis showed that the compound also lengthened the period in a variety of cells from different tissues including the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus, the central clock controlling behavioral rhythms. Based on the prominent period lengthening effect, we named the compound longdaysin. Longdaysin was amenable for chemical modification to perform affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis to identify target proteins. Combined with siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, we identified the protein kinases CKIδ, CKIα, and ERK2 as targets of longdaysin responsible for the observed effect on circadian period. Although individual knockdown of CKIδ, CKIα, and ERK2 had small period effects, their combinatorial knockdown dramatically lengthened the period similar to longdaysin treatment. We characterized the role of CKIα in the clock mechanism and found that CKIα-mediated phosphorylation stimulated degradation of a clock protein PER1, similar to the function of CKIδ. Longdaysin treatment inhibited PER1 degradation, providing insight into the mechanism of longdaysin-dependent period lengthening. Using larval zebrafish, we further demonstrated that longdaysin drastically lengthened circadian period in vivo. Taken together, the chemical biology approach not only revealed CKIα as a clock regulatory kinase but also identified a multiple kinase network conferring robustness to the clock. Longdaysin provides novel possibilities in manipulating clock function due to its ability to simultaneously inhibit several key components of this conserved network across species.
Thresholding semilinear phase-conjugate mirror (1988)

We have demonstrated thresholding in a semilinear self-pumped phase-conjugate mirror by introducing grating motion within the photorefractive crystal and using the dependence of photorefractive response time on the intensity of the incident beam. The threshold level Ith was found to be a function of the grating velocity. This property has potential applications in optical computing and optical signal processing.
Exploiting Boron Coordination: B←N Bond Supports a [2+2] Photodimerization in the Solid State and Generation of a Diboron Bis‐Tweezer for Benzene/Thiophene Separation (2019)

Abstract B←N coordination supports a [2+2] photodimerization in the solid state. The bond is defined by an orthogonal interaction between stilbazole and a phenylboronic ester to enable a stereocontrolled and rapid photoreaction. The cyclobutane photoproduct affords a novel diboron bis‐tweezer adduct that is used to separate a mixture of benzene and thiophene upon crystallization.
Time-Resolved Indirect Nanoplasmonic Sensing Spectroscopy of Dye Molecule Interactions with Dense and Mesoporous TiO2 Films (2012)

Indirect nanoplasmonic sensing (INPS) is an experimental platform exploiting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) detection of processes in nanomaterials, molecular assemblies, and films at the nanoscale. Here we have for the first time applied INPS to study dye molecule adsorption/impregnation of two types of TiO(2) materials: thick (10 μm) mesoporous films of the kind used as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), with particle/pore size in the range of 20 nm, and thin (12-70 nm), dense, and flat films. For the thick-film experiments plasmonic Au nanoparticles were placed at the hidden, internal interface between the sensor surface and the mesoporous TiO(2). This approach provides a unique opportunity to selectively follow dye adsorption locally in the hidden interface region inside the material and inspires a generic and new type of nanoplasmonic hidden interface spectroscopy. The specific DSC measurement revealed a time constant of thousands of seconds before the dye impregnation front (the diffusion front) reaches the hidden interface. In contrast, dye adsorption on the dense, thin TiO(2) films exhibited much faster, Langmuir-like monolayer formation kinetics with saturation on a time scale of order 100 s. This new type of INPS measurement provides a powerful tool to measure and optimize dye impregnation kinetics of DSCs and, from a more general point of view, offers a generic experimental platform to measure adsorption/desorption and diffusion phenomena in solid and mesoporous systems and at internal hidden interfaces.
ATP-binding cassette transporters in immortalised human brain microvascular endothelial cells in normal and hypoxic conditions (2012)

Our data suggests that hCMEC/D3 cell line and - at the moment - in vitro models in general are a poor basis for stroke research but may be enhanced by co-culturing more cells of the neurovascular unit inducing an overall ischemic response at the BBB.
Lack of evidence for VPg priming of poliovirus RNA synthesis in the host factor-dependent in vitro replicase reaction (1986)

Anti-VPg immunoprecipitable RNA labeled in vitro during a poliovirus RNA polymerase reaction was formed by the elongation of VPg-containing template fragments rather than by initiation with VPg. The reaction was dependent on a host factor (terminal uridylyl transferase). The incorporation of labeled UTP could be detected with only the host factor present.
Demonstration of IFoF based 5G Mobile Fronthaul in 28 GHz Millimeter Wave Testbed Supporting Giga-bit Mobile Services (2017)

We report the successful demonstration of IFoF based mobile fronthaul link with 5G mobile communication system prototype supporting giga-bit mobile service. The data-rate per each user achieves 1.5 Gb/s, which satisfies vision of IMT-2020.
Dynamics and Bifurcations in Networks Designed for Frequency Conversion (2021)

This article reviews recent progress in signal frequency up-conversion and down-conversion, both theory and experiments with network implementations. The fundamental idea is to exploit the inherent symmetry of networks to produce collective behavior in which certain oscillators tend to oscillate at different frequencies. This concept is significantly different from other techniques, e.g. master-slave systems, in the sense that the collective behavior arises naturally from the mutual interactions of the individual units, and without any external forcing. In this manuscript, we present a comprehensive review of the basic ideas, methods, and experiments of the symmetry-based phenomenon of frequency conversion. In addition, we present a review of a device implementation of a broad spectrum analyzer, which motivated the development of systematic methods to up- and down-convert frequencies of oscillations. This device is made up of large parallel arrays of analog nonlinear oscillators with the ability to receive complex signals containing multiple frequencies and instantaneously lock-on or respond to a received signal in a few oscillation cycles.
Secure State-Reconstruction Over Networks Subject to Attacks (2020)

Secure state-reconstruction is the problem of reconstructing the state of a linear time-invariant system from sensor measurements that have been corrupted by an adversary. Whereas most work focuses on attacks on sensors, we consider the more challenging case where attacks occur on sensors as well as on nodes and links of a network that transports sensor measurements to a receiver. In this letter we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the secure state-reconstruction problem to be solvable in the presence of attacks on sensors and on the network.
Reflectarray element combined a tripole with double rings and broadband RCS reduction (2015)

This paper proposes a reflectarray antenna element operating in X-band composed of a tripole and double rings. The size of the element is half-wavelength and phase curve is achieved by variation of radius of inner ring from 8 GHz to 12 GHz. This element has 544 degrees of phase range at center frequency. By applying this element to electromagnetic gradient surface using 120 degrees phase difference, the result shows broadband radar cross section reduction in X-band.
Machine learning based on biomarker profiles identifies distinct subgroups of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2021)

Unsupervised cluster analysis based on biomarker profiles identified mutually exclusive subgroups of patients with HFpEF with distinct biomarker profiles, clinical characteristics and outcomes, suggesting different underlying pathophysiological pathways.
A Role of N2 and O2 Gasses in Post Etch Treatment (PET) for Removing Fluorocarbon Based By-Product Outgassing in DRAM Memory (2023)

DRAM Via oxide dry etch step had severe fluorocarbon by-product outgassing, which resulted in higher degas pressure of a subsequent metal sputter step in physical vapor deposition (PVD) chambers. A new post etch treatment (PET) with the addition of N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gasses in Ar PET has been developed to solve this high degas pressure issue in the PVD chambers by significantly removing outgassing by-product induced by Via oxide etch step. The result is explained by a much higher ash rate (~100 times higher) with N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gas addition. The implementation of this in-situ N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /Ar has significantly improved PVD chamber availability and potential product quality due to stringent degas chamber pressure requirements.
Analysis of echoes in ultrasonic testing for round bar using angle beam immersion technique (2001)

A design is presented for a probe, used for automatic ultrasonic testing for a round bar using the angle beam immersion technique, to improve a signal to noise ratio. It is defined based on a flaw echo height and a spurious echo height, taking into consideration of a time gate and variation of the flaw echo height along with a rotation of the probe round the bar. The result of the design is in good agreement with that of experiments.
Technology for Multispectral Infrared Laser Integration on Silicon (2014)

We propose an integrated silicon photonic multispectral infrared platform for combining laser power spanning the ultraviolet to the mid-wave infrared from hybrid silicon III-V lasers by spectral beam combining with a novel ultra-broadband combiner.
Viscosity dependence of optical limiting in carbon black suspensions (2002)

We measure the optical limiting behavior of carbon black suspensions in various viscosity solvents by using a 10-Hz repetition rate, 532-nm, 5-ns pulsed laser. We found that, for common solvents used in the past such as water and ethanol, the limiting behavior ceases after a few laser firings and a turnover in the limiting curve appears. This can be explained by depletion of the carbon black within the focal volume. This turnover shifts to lower energies as the viscosity of the solvent becomes greater. However, for low viscosity liquids, such as carbon disulfide or pentane, the limiting is unaffected by the repetition rate, at least for frequencies up to 10 Hz, because of diffusion of the carbon black particles. This diffusion allows fresh material to replace the irradiated volume within the time between pulses.
Algorithm and Architecture for a Low-Power Content-Addressable Memory Based on Sparse Clustered Networks (2014)

We propose a low-power content-addressable memory (CAM) employing a new algorithm for associativity between the input tag and the corresponding address of the output data. The proposed architecture is based on a recently developed sparse clustered network using binary connections that on-average eliminates most of the parallel comparisons performed during a search. Therefore, the dynamic energy consumption of the proposed design is significantly lower compared with that of a conventional low-power CAM design. Given an input tag, the proposed architecture computes a few possibilities for the location of the matched tag and performs the comparisons on them to locate a single valid match. TSMC 65-nm CMOS technology was used for simulation purposes. Following a selection of design parameters, such as the number of CAM entries, the energy consumption and the search delay of the proposed design are 8%, and 26% of that of the conventional NAND architecture, respectively, with a 10% area overhead. A design methodology based on the silicon area and power budgets, and performance requirements is discussed.
Release of Xenotropic Type C RNA Virus in Response to Lipopolysaccharide: Activity of Lipid-A Portion upon B Lymphocytes (1976)

Abstract The present studies demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes the release of endogenous xenotropic type-C RNA virus from BALB/c spleen cells. The evidence suggests that virus release is stimulated by the lipid-A portion of LPS and primarily involves an action of LPS on B lymphocytes. LPS had little or no effect on virus release by T lymphocytes, macrophages, or fibroblasts. These results indicate that the differentiated state of the cell plays an important role in the regulation of endogenous virus release.
Warm white light generating nanocrystal hybridized LEDs with high color rendering index (2008)

By hybridizing custom-design CdSe/ZnS core-shell NC emitters on InGaN/GaN based blue LEDs, we demonstrated three warm-white light sources with desirably low CCT ranging from 3227 K to 1982 K as is required for SSL indoor applications. In these proof-of-concept demonstrations, high color rendering indices (82.4) and high luminous efficacies of emitted spectra (327 lm/W) were achieved, while the color temperature was simultaneously kept low as desired. Our proof-of-concept demonstrations indicated that such nanocrystal luminophor based warm-white LEDs with high-quality photometric properties hold great promise especially for future indoor lighting applications.
Probably Approximately Correct Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (PAC-NMPC) (2022)

Approaches for stochastic nonlinear model predictive control (SNMPC) typically make restrictive assumptions about the system dynamics and rely on approximations to characterize the evolution of the underlying uncertainty distributions. For this reason, they are often unable to capture more complex distributions (e.g., non-Gaussian or multi-modal) and cannot provide accurate guarantees of performance. In this paper, we present a sampling-based SNMPC approach that leverages recently derived sample complexity bounds to certify the performance of a feedback policy without making assumptions about the system dynamics or underlying uncertainty distributions. By parallelizing our approach, we are able to demonstrate real-time receding-horizon SNMPC with statistical safety guarantees in simulation and on hardware using a 1/10th scale rally car and a 24-inch wingspan fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
Synthesis of a Triphenylphosphine Reagent on Non-Cross-Linked Polystyrene Support:  Application to the Staudinger/Aza-Wittig Reaction (2000)

A new triphenylphosphine reagent linked to a linear polystyrene was synthesized. The reactivity of this phosphine-bound polymer is superior to that of the phosphine bound to cross-linked polystyrene. The polymer reacted very rapidly with azides to generate iminophosphoranes which could then react with aldehydes to generate imines in good yields and high purities.
Soft tissue ossification and condylar cartilage degeneration following TMJ disc perforation in a rabbit pilot study (2015)

We report for the first time a rabbit TMJ injury model that demonstrates condylar cartilage degeneration and disc ossification, which is indispensible for testing the efficacy of potential TMJ therapies.
Phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 104-week study of subcutaneous belimumab administered in combination with rituximab in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): BLISS-BELIEVE study protocol (2019)

NCT03312907; Pre-results.
International recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with acquired hemophilia A (2009)

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare bleeding disorder characterized by autoantibodies directed against circulating coagulation factor (F) VIII. Typically, patients with no prior history of a bleeding disorder present with spontaneous bleeding and an isolated prolonged aPTT. AHA may, however, present without any bleeding symptoms, therefore an isolated prolonged aPTT should always be investigated further irrespective of the clinical findings. Control of acute bleeding is the first priority, and we recommend first-line therapy with bypassing agents such as recombinant activated FVII or activated prothrombin complex concentrate. Once the diagnosis has been achieved, immediate autoantibody eradication to reduce subsequent bleeding risk should be performed. We recommend initial treatment with corticosteroids or combination therapy with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide and suggest second-line therapy with rituximab if first-line therapy fails or is contraindicated. In contrast to congenital hemophilia, no comparative studies exist to support treatment recommendations for patients with AHA, therefore treatment guidance must rely on the expertise and clinical experience of specialists in the field. The aim of this document is to provide a set of international practice guidelines based on our collective clinical experience in treating patients with AHA and contribute to improved care for this patient group.