gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BNP and N-terminal pro BNP: clinical utilisation in diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification (2005)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is among the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality. CHD now accounts for almost one half of all deaths in the developed world and 25% in the developing world. In the US alone 61 million individuals live with CHD, of which 4.7 million are symptomatic heart failure (HF) patients. The annual cost of HF in the US is estimated at $56 billion. Guidelines for heart failure management, published by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA), define four stages of heart failure. These are coronary artery disease together with risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and family history (Stage A); previous myocardial infarction, heart valve disease, and preclinical ventricular dysfunction (Stage B); structural heart disease with overt signs and symptoms of HF (Stage C); and preterminal HF with marked symptoms at rest despite maximal therapy (Stage D) [1]. The document also emphasised the importance of diagnosis and treatment of the early stages of HF. Interest has emerged in the diagnostic ability of the natriuretic peptides to identify patients with Stage B and Stage C HF as well as for patient prognosis.
Solar cells made from p-CdTe films grown with ion-assisted doping (1988)

CdTe thin films grown by ion-assisted doping are investigated for use as the absorber layer in solar cells. In particular, the sharp reduction in carrier density with increased ion current which occurs after a maximum in the carrier density has been reached is examined. The ability to make carrier density profiles and to grade junctions is demonstrated. Preliminary results from films grown on graphite and alumina substrates are presented. Solar cells prepared using the epitaxial p-CdTe films as the collector material and n-CdS as the window are presented, and V/sub oc/, J/sub sc/, and fill factor are examined for different carrier densities and configurations in the p-CdTe. Carrier density levels in p-CdTe epitaxial films up to 2*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/ using ion-assisted doping with P as the dopant were achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel Bcl-2 Inhibitors Selectively Disrupt the Autophagy-Specific Bcl-2–Beclin 1 Protein–Protein Interaction (2022)

Autophagy plays essential roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, such as cellular homeostasis, metabolism, development, differentiation, and immunity. Selective pharmacological modulation of autophagy is considered a valuable potential therapeutic approach to treat diverse human diseases. However, development of such therapies has been greatly impeded by the lack of specific small molecule autophagy modulators. Here, we performed structure-activity relationship studies on a previously discovered weak Bcl-2 inhibitor SW076956, and developed a panel of small molecule compounds that selectively released Bcl-2-mediated inhibition of autophagy-related Beclin 1 compared to apoptosis-related Bax at nanomolar concentration. Our NMR analysis showed that compound <b>35</b> directly binds Bcl-2 and specifically inhibits the interaction between the Bcl-2 and Beclin 1 BH3 domains without disruption of the Bcl-2-Bax BH3 interaction. More broadly, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates that targeting protein-protein interactions of the intrinsic autophagy regulatory network can serve as a valuable strategy for the development of autophagy-based therapeutics.
Phosphor thermometry at the cellular level (2011)

Luminescence from a thermographic phosphor (TGP) can be very sensitive to temperature, an attribute exploited in commercial and scientific applications at various levels. Depending on the formulation and the processing method, phosphor particle sizes may range from a few nanometers to dozens of microns across. The size, then, may be comparable to or even much smaller than a typical biological cell. In previous biomedical efforts we have explored using TGP's as 1) flow tracers in simulations of positive pressure infusion for brain tumors, 2) their performance for nanoscale thermometry at physiological temperatures, and 3) as surrogates for green fluorescent protein-labelled cells in tests of cytometric neurocatheters. The present effort provides additional supporting quantitative information to aid deployment of phosphor thermometry for cellular level applications. One of the most temperature-sensitive phosphors is La <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S:Eu. At normal body temperature, a one degree C change in temperature results in a greater than 5% change in decay time. In this work, it is demonstrated that temperature changes of at least 0.05 C can be resolved using this phosphor. Also demonstrated is detection of phosphor signal using small diameter multimode and even single-mode optical fiber. The latter fiber had a 5 micron diameter core and is therefore only slightly larger than biological cells. In conclusion, the results may serve as a guide to further investigations and application of phosphors to biomedical applications.
Optical minimum-shift-keying transmitter based on a monolithically integrated quad Mach-Zehnder in-phase and quadrature modulator (2009)

We propose and demonstrate an optical minimum-shift-keying (MSK) transmitter using a single-quad Mach-Zehnder (MZ) in-phase and quadrature modulator, where four sub-Mach-Zehnder modulators are monolithically integrated on a main MZ superstructure. Using the proposed transmitter, a MSK signal at bit rate of B could be successfully generated by orthogonally superposing two low-speed (B/2) carrier-suppressed return-to-zero differential phase-shift-keying streams with a relative time offset, 1/B. MSK signals at bit rate of 20 and 80 Gbits/s were successfully generated using the proposed MSK transmitter. A continuous changed phase trajectory of the obtained MSK was confirmed using a complex spectrum analyzer. The filtering tolerance of the MSK was also characterized using a bandwidth-variable tunable filter.
Hydrotherapy Rehabilitation After Shoulder Surgery (2003)

Summary: The goal of shoulder rehabilitation is to restore function in a timely fashion. We have been using a hydrotherapy rehabilitation program following shoulder surgery with great success. This article outlines our hydrotherapy based rehabilitation regime.
Scalable Lookahead Regular Expression Detection System for Deep Packet Inspection (2012)

Regular expressions (RegExes) are widely used, yet their inherent complexity often limits the total number of RegExes that can be detected using a single chip for a reasonable throughput. This limit on the number of RegExes impairs the scalability of today's RegEx detection systems. The scalability of existing schemes is generally limited by the traditional detection paradigm based on per-character-state processing and state transition detection. The main focus of existing schemes is on optimizing the number of states and the required transitions, but not on optimizing the suboptimal character-based detection method. Furthermore, the potential benefits of allowing out-of-sequence detection, instead of detecting components of a RegEx in the order of appearance, have not been explored. Lastly, the existing schemes do not provide ways to adapt to the evolving RegExes. In this paper, we propose Lookahead Finite Automata (LaFA) to perform scalable RegEx detection. LaFA requires less memory due to these three contributions: 1) providing specialized and optimized detection modules to increase resource utilization; 2) systematically reordering the RegEx detection sequence to reduce the number of concurrent operations; 3) sharing states among automata for different RegExes to reduce resource requirements. Here, we demonstrate that LaFA requires an order of magnitude less memory compared to today's state-of-the-art RegEx detection systems. Using LaFA, a single-commodity field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip can accommodate up to 25 000 (25 k) RegExes. Based on the throughput of our LaFA prototype on FPGA, we estimate that a 34-Gb/s throughput can be achieved.
Epidemiologic evidence regarding predisposing factors to prostate cancer (1990)

In 1990, prostate cancer will be the most common cancer diagnosed in U.S. men and will be the second-leading cause of cancer mortality in these men. One in ten U.S. men will develop prostate cancer in his lifetime. Twenty thousand prostate cancer cases occur each year in men under the age of 65. The average number of years of life lost for a man dying of prostate cancer is nine. In addition, both incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are increasing. A review of the literature regarding prostate cancer is timely in light of recent studies examining possible predisposing factors for this disease. In this review, a framework for understanding genetic and environmental factors which may predispose to prostate cancer is presented. The identification of factors which predispose to clinical prostate cancer offers the possibility of lowering the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the United States. Epidemiologic evidence regarding possible predisposing factors to prostate cancer is reviewed.
Improved Desalting of Challenging Crude Slates (2013)

Abstract Crude slates containing a blend of traditional and heavy crude oil are challenging to desalt in most refineries. In addition to the higher crude oil viscosity and reduced oil / brine density difference, heavy crude oil also provides additional challenges in the form of higher crude oil conductivity and solids stabilized emulsions. Blended oils often have a higher solids content which can stabilize rag layers inside the desalters. Many refineries use AC type electrostatic technology operating at line frequency, 50 or 60 Hz. Conventional AC desalters provide limited voltage gradients and are not efficient for treating conductive crude oils. Advancements in electrostatic desalters have resulted in desalters providing stronger electrostatic forces and improved conditions for coalescence of brine droplets. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has also provided a better understanding of the oil and brine flow inside refinery desalters, which has lead to the use of improved internals which provide a better fluid distribution, elimination of recirculation areas and allowing higher flow rates at constant BS&amp;W and PTB. More efficient desalting of crude oil in refineries can provide the following benefits: –OPEX:○opportunity to process higher volumes of cheaper opportunity crude oil○reduced volume of wash water○lower operating temperature○lower demulsifier dosage○higher desalter uptime–CAPEX○use of smaller desalters (only applicable for new desalters)○reduced transportation cost This paper describes new enhanced electrostatic desalting technologies, including case studies.
Five Phenolic Compouds in the Underground Parts of Vancouveria hexandra. (1994)

From the underground parts of Vancouveira hexanda, a new 2-phenoxybenzochromone and four new prenylated flavones were isolated. Their structures were determined by the spectral analysis
Lis1 regulates dynein by sterically blocking its mechanochemical cycle (2014)

Regulation of cytoplasmic dynein's motor activity is essential for diverse eukaryotic functions, including cell division, intracellular transport, and brain development. The dynein regulator Lis1 is known to keep dynein bound to microtubules; however, how this is accomplished mechanistically remains unknown. We have used three-dimensional electron microscopy, single-molecule imaging, biochemistry, and in vivo assays to help establish this mechanism. The three-dimensional structure of the dynein-Lis1 complex shows that binding of Lis1 to dynein's AAA+ ring sterically prevents dynein's main mechanical element, the 'linker', from completing its normal conformational cycle. Single-molecule experiments show that eliminating this block by shortening the linker to a point where it can physically bypass Lis1 renders single dynein motors insensitive to regulation by Lis1. Our data reveal that Lis1 keeps dynein in a persistent microtubule-bound state by directly blocking the progression of its mechanochemical cycle.
Novel cyclic azobenzene-containing vesicles: photo/reductant responsiveness and potential applications in colon disease treatment (2016)

The vesicles formed by an amphiphilic copolymer with cyclic azobenzene pendants revealed higher drug loading content and better photo/reductant responsiveness than an analogue of the amphiphilic copolymer with linear azobenzene units.
Digital holographic microscopy investigation of second harmonic generated at a glass/air interface (2009)

Optical second-harmonic generation, thanks to its coherent nature, is a suitable signal for interferometric measurements such as digital holography, a well-established imaging technique that allows recovery of complex diffraction wave fields from which it is possible to extract both amplitude-contrast and quantitative phase images. Here, we report on a multifunctional form of microscopy, namely, second-harmonic generation digital holographic microscopy. As a proof of concept, we have investigated the second-harmonic signal generated at the glass/air interface of a microscope slide under focused femtosecond laser illumination, and we propose, for the first time to our knowledge, a representation and interpretation of the recovered phase. In this simple yet educative case study, we observe that the second harmonic is generated by the axial component of the incident field polarization.
Device–Circuit Co-design for Beyond 1 GHz 5 V Level Shifter Using DeMOS Transistors (2013)

This paper presents a device-circuit co-design approach to achieve a low swing, high speed 1.2-5 V level shifter (LS) using drain extended MOS (DeMOS) transistors for system on chip applications in advance CMOS technologies. Limiting factors of the high-voltage devices during transients are identified and accordingly it is shown that the maximum operating frequency of traditional LS can be increased by at least a factor of two. It is demonstrated that optimization of key device parameters of the DeMOS transistor enhances the maximum clock frequency to more than 1 GHz while preserving the device breakdown voltage and duty cycle of the level shifted signal.
Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: a forgotten disability remembered. (2012)

Physicians first noted the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) more than 160 years ago, yet it took clinicians until 2001 to codify a standard test to measure cognitive function. We now know that cognitive impairment occurs in up to 65 percent of people with MS and usually lessens their ability to remember previously learned information. So far, trials of drugs formulated to treat cognitive impairment have failed, but the authors remain optimistic that new approaches to diagnosis and drug development could lead to effective therapies in the future.
Auditory Midbrain Responses Parallel Spectral Integration Phenomena (1985)

Resolving the frequency components of complex sound spectra including speech is an inherent, important accomplishment of the auditory nervous systems of vertebrates. The critical perceptual unit in the frequency domain, the critical bandwidth, has a simple functional equivalent within the principal midbrain auditory nucleus--the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus.
Sumatriptan/Naproxen Sodium for Migraine: Efficacy, Health Related Quality of Life, and Satisfaction Outcomes (2007)

Sumatriptan/naproxen sodium provides consistent relief of migraine attacks over 12 months, resulting in improved patient satisfaction and migraine specific quality of life.
Optimization of optical parameters and electric field distribution in multilayers (1984)

Multilayer coatings for high-power laser mirrors and lenses have been optimized by a particular constrained gradient method to reach together with a reduction of damage threshold (i.e., suppression of the peak electric field), good values of optical parameters (reflectance or transmittance). The problem has been solved for normal and oblique incident radiation of λ = 10.6 μm. Reflectance values of more than 0.99 have been achieved with only two layers deposited on a metal mirror.
Targeted killing of TNFR2-expressing tumor cells and Tregs by TNFR2 antagonistic antibodies in advanced Sézary syndrome (2018)

Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma often refractory to treatment. SS is defined as adenopathy, erythroderma with high numbers of atypical T cells. This offers an opportunity for new interventions and perhaps antibody-based therapeutic by virtue of its high expression of the TNFR2 oncogene on the tumor cells and on T-regulatory cells (T<sub>regs</sub>). Potent human-directed TNFR2 antagonistic antibodies have been created that preferentially target the TNFR2 oncogene and tumor-infiltrating TNFR2<sup>+</sup> T<sub>regs</sub>. Here we test the therapeutic potential of TNFR2 antagonists on freshly isolated lymphocytes from patients with Stage IVA SS and from healthy controls. SS patients were on a variety of end-stage multi-drug therapies. Baseline burden T<sub>reg</sub>/T effector (T<sub>eff</sub>) ratios and the responsiveness of tumor and infiltrating T<sub>regs</sub> to TNFR2 antibody killing was studied. We show dose-escalating concentrations of a dominant TNFR2 antagonistic antibody killed TNFR2<sup>+</sup> SS tumor cells and thus restored CD26<sup>-</sup> subpopulations of lymphocyte cell numbers to normal. The abundant TNFR2<sup>+</sup> T<sub>regs</sub> of SS subjects are also killed with TNFR2 antagonism. Beneficial and rapid expansion of T<sub>eff</sub> was observed. The combination of T<sub>reg</sub> inhibition and T<sub>eff</sub> expansion brought the high T<sub>reg</sub>/T<sub>eff</sub> ratio to normal. Our findings suggest a marked responsiveness of SS tumor cells and T<sub>regs</sub>, to targeting with TNFR2 antagonistic antibodies. These results show TNFR2 antibodies are potent and efficacious in vitro.
Synergistic antiarrhythmic effect of inward rectifier current inhibition and pulmonary vein isolation in a 3D computer model for atrial fibrillation (2020)

Newly developed blockers of atrial-specific inward rectifier currents, such as IKAch, might prevent AF occurrences and when combined with PVI effectively supress AF recurrences in human.
TCP-friendly window congestion control with dynamic grouping for reliable multicast (2002)

Congestion control for reliable multicast for large multicast groups has been a challenging issue for widespread deployment of reliable multicast services. We propose a receiver-driven window congestion control scheme with dynamic grouping for reliable multicast. The main objective is to improve multicast throughput performance and to solve the well-known "drop-to-zero" problem, i.e., to prevent a slow receiver from slowing down faster receivers in the same multicast group. For this purpose, we modify the window scheme and combine it with a new dynamic grouping scheme for local recovery to achieve high-throughput performance. The basic idea is two-fold. First, the sender can tune its window size according to the fastest receiver in a virtual group instead of the slowest receiver by taking advantage of the local recovery. Second, the sender can explicitly ask a worst-case group (WCG), which can be recorded in a simple list in cache or memory, to merge with others or unsubscribe from the multicast group. The proposed strategy is shown to be still TCP-friendly and scalable while eliminating the "drop-to-zero" problem. Some key related issues are also discussed.
Z-scan nonlinear optical properties of the Au-SiO 2 nanocomposite thin film (2005)

Au-SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite thin film is fabricated reproducibly by co-sputtering method with the size of Au nano particles around 2 to 10 nm. TEM images display the irregular shape Au nanoparticles are embedded in SiO<sub>2</sub> thin film with random distribution. A surface plasmon absorption peak of Au nanoparticles is found in absorption spectra. The nonlinear optical properties are measured by confocal Z-scan method with a sub-nanosecond pulse laser (&#955;=532nm, pulse width 0.71ns, repetition rate 15.79kHz) and high-numerical-aperture objective lens (NA=0.55). Results of the Z-scan show nonlinear optical properties and enhanced transmittance at the focusing position of nanocomposite Au-SiO<sub>2</sub> films. The transmittance can be more than 135% for a 15-nm-thick Au-SiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite thin film with an average grain size of around 5 nm.
Figure 2.4.6 (2019)

An example of electron powder diffraction recording for nanodiamonds. (a) A TEM image showing nanodiamond particles supported on amorphous carbon, (b) the magnified image from the boxed region of (a), and (c) the recorded electron powder diffraction pattern from nanodiamond particles and the obtained radial intensity profile.
Substitution of the Conserved Arg-Tyr Dyad Selectively Disrupts the Hydrolysis Phase of the IMP Dehydrogenase Reaction (2004)

Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) catalyzes the oxidation of IMP to XMP via the covalent E-XMP* intermediate (E-XMP*), with the concomitant reduction of NAD(+). Hydrolysis of E-XMP* is rate-limiting, and the catalytic base required for this step has not been identified. An X-ray crystal structure of Tritrichomonas foetus IMPDH with mizoribine monophosphate (MZP) reveals a novel closed conformation in which a mobile flap occupies the NAD(+)/NADH site [Gan, L., Seyedsayamdost, M. R., Shuto, S., Matsuda, A., Petsko, G. A., and Hedstrom, L. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 857-863]. In this complex, a water molecule is coordinated between flap residues Arg418 and Tyr419 and MZP in a geometry that resembles the transition state for hydrolysis of E-XMP*, which suggests that the Arg418-Tyr419 dyad activates water. We constructed and characterized two point mutants, Arg418Ala and Tyr419Phe, to probe the role of the Arg418-Tyr419 dyad in the IMPDH reaction. Arg418Ala and Tyr419Phe decrease k(cat) by factors of 500 and 10, respectively, but have no effect on hydride transfer or NADH release. In addition, the mutants display increased solvent isotope effects and increased levels of steady-state accumulation of E-XMP*. Inhibitor analysis indicates that the mutations destabilize the closed conformation, but this effect can account for a decrease in k(cat) of no more than a factor of 2. These observations demonstrate that both the Arg418Ala and Tyr419Phe mutations selectively impair hydrolysis of E-XMP* by disrupting the chemical transformation. Moreover, since the effects of the Tyr419Phe mutation are comparatively small, these experiments suggest that Arg418 acts as the base to activate water.