gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel high‐throughput screens of Anopheles gambiae odorant receptors reveal candidate behaviour‐modifying chemicals for mosquitoes (2012)

Despite many decades of multilateral global efforts, a significant portion of the world population continues to be plagued with one or more mosquito-vectored diseases. These include malaria and filariasis as well as numerous arboviral-associated illnesses including Dengue and Yellow fevers. The dynamics of disease transmission by mosquitoes is complex, and involves both vector competence and vectorial capacity. One area of intensive effort is the study of chemosensory-driven behaviours in the malaria vector mosquito <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Giles, the modulation of which are likely to provide opportunities for disease reduction. In this context recent studies have characterized a large divergent family of <i>An. gambiae</i> odorant receptors (AgORs) that play critical roles in olfactory signal transduction. This work has facilitated high-throughput, cell-based calcium mobilization screens of AgOR-expressing HEK cells that have identified a large number of conventional AgOR ligands, as well as the first non-conventional Orco (olfactory receptor co-receptor) family agonist. As such, ligand-mediated modulation serves as a proof-of-concept demonstration that AgORs represent viable targets for high-throughput screening and for the eventual development of behaviour-modifying olfactory compounds. Such attractants or repellents could foster malaria reduction programmes.
Shear modulus imaging by Spatially Modulated Ultrasound Radiation Force (2009)

Spatially Modulated Ultrasound Radiation Force (SMURF) uses impulsive acoustic radiation force to generate a shear wave of known spatial frequency in a medium of unknown shear modulus. The velocity of the induced shear wave, and hence the shear modulus of the medium, is determined from the period of the induced shear wave. Here we present the first experimentally obtained images of shear modulus using the SMURF method. Images of spherical (shown below), conical, and step edge phantoms are presented. Agreement within 8% is found between SMURF and unconfined compression measurements of uniform phantoms. Image resolution on the order of the push beam spacing is observed. A key advantage of this method is that tracking is performed along a single a-line, avoiding correlated noise bias errors encountered in multiple-track location methods. We describe the source of this noise. Modulus estimates are obtained without extensive spatial averaging, allowing high resolution to be obtained.
High-voltage, high-power, ZVS, full-bridge PWM converter employing an active snubber (2002)

The authors present the analysis, design, and applications of a high-voltage, high-power, zero-voltage switched (ZVS), full-bridge (FB) pulse-width-modulated (PWM) converter with an active snubber in the secondary circuit. The nondissipative snubber completely eliminates the voltage overshoot and ringing across the rectifiers. The ringing of the parasitic capacitance of the rectifiers and the leakage inductance of the transformer are eliminated in a nondissipative manner, thus increasing the overall efficiency of the circuit. The active snubber employs only a high-voltage low-power MOSFET and a high-voltage capacitor. The control of the snubber switch is simple and utilizes the PWM signal to control the primary switches with a time delay. The authors also present the complete steady-state analysis of the ZVS-FB-PWM converter employing the active snubber. The analysis shows that the transformer secondary voltage is a function of the steady-state duty cycle and gives the equation to calculate the steady-state secondary voltage. The results of the analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Figure S13 from Pharmacologic Properties and Preclinical Activity of Sasanlimab, A High-affinity Engineered Anti-Human PD-1 Antibody (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 13 shows the structure of sasanlimab bound to human PD-1: Final data collection and refinement statistics and exemplar electron density shown for the reported structure displaying the interface between sasanlimab light chain and hu-PD-1.&lt;/p&gt;
Liquid-phase oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone by dioxygen using supported platinum catalysts (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid-phase oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone by dioxygen using supported platinum catalystsJames W. Nicoletti and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 2, 759–767Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100339a050https://doi.org/10.1021/j100339a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views640Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Plug-Setting Aid Retooled for Uphole-Downdip Plugback Application Enables Pinpoint Slurry Placement in Complex Updip Wellbore (2009)

Abstract As drilling techniques advance and wellbores become more complex, placing successful cement plugs downhole on the first attempt becomes more challenging. Phenomena and well conditions can have a negative influence on the performance of the cement plug, significantly impacting drilling time and costs. When plug-cementing operations are required in an updip hole section, the following concerns become even more difficult to address: Boycott or extrusion effects, especially in highly deviated wells. Lost circulation problems caused by the narrow mud-weight window. High concentrations of lost-circulation materials impede pumping at the desired rates for optimum displacement efficiency. Shorter plug-length requirements, because reentries are becoming more popular in mature fields as an alternate way to look for different production zones. Complex wellbore geometry. Difficulty of effectively placing small volumes of slurry under deep, high-temperature conditions and washed-hole sections. This paper documents a Middle East field application where an abandonment plug was required to be set in an uphole-downdip section of the wellbore. After several failed attempts using a conventional plug-setting aid, an application-specific plug-setting aid was designed that incorporated torque-capability to help enable the workstring to be run in hole (RIH) in an updip wellbore and an annular isolation element to prevent slurry fallback in the uphole-downdip hole section. Detailed customer expectations and performance criteria will be provided, resulting in a conventional plug-setting aid that was successfully retooled to enable slurry placement in an uphole-downdip wellbore.
Computer-aided Detection of Brain Metastases in T1-weighted MRI for Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using Deep Learning Single-Shot Detectors (2020)

Background Brain metastases are manually identified during stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment planning, which is time consuming and potentially challenging. Purpose To develop and investigate deep learning (DL) methods for detecting brain metastasis with MRI to aid in treatment planning for SRS. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, contrast material-enhanced three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient-echo MRI scans from patients who underwent gamma knife SRS from January 2011 to August 2018 were analyzed. Brain metastases were manually identified and contoured by neuroradiologists and treating radiation oncologists. DL single-shot detector (SSD) algorithms were constructed and trained to map axial MRI slices to a set of bounding box predictions encompassing metastases and associated detection confidences. Performances of different DL SSDs were compared for per-lesion metastasis-based detection sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) at a 50% confidence threshold. For the highest-performing model, detection performance was analyzed by using free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results Two hundred sixty-six patients (mean age, 60 years ± 14 [standard deviation]; 148 women) were randomly split into 80% training and 20% testing groups (212 and 54 patients, respectively). For the testing group, sensitivity of the highest-performing (baseline) SSD was 81% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80%, 82%; 190 of 234) and PPV was 36% (95% CI: 35%, 37%; 190 of 530). For metastases measuring at least 6 mm, sensitivity was 98% (95% CI: 97%, 99%; 130 of 132) and PPV was 36% (95% CI: 35%, 37%; 130 of 366). Other models (SSD with a ResNet50 backbone, SSD with focal loss, and RetinaNet) yielded lower sensitivities of 73% (95% CI: 72%, 74%; 171 of 234), 77% (95% CI: 76%, 78%; 180 of 234), and 79% (95% CI: 77%, 81%; 184 of 234), respectively, and lower PPVs of 29% (95% CI: 28%, 30%; 171 of 581), 26% (95% CI: 26%, 26%; 180 of 681), and 13% (95% CI: 12%, 14%; 184 of 1412). Conclusion Deep-learning single-shot detector models detected nearly all brain metastases that were 6 mm or larger with limited false-positive findings using postcontrast T1-weighted MRI. © RSNA, 2020 See also the editorial by Kikinis and Wells in this issue.
Constitutive secretion of cystatin C (gamma-trace) by monocytes and macrophages and its downregulation after stimulation. (1987)

Cystatin C (gamma-trace) was found to be a constitutively secreted protein of isolated human monocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages, as well as the histiocytic lymphoma cell lines U937, P388D.1, and J774. This proteinase inhibitor is not uniquely secreted by monocytes/macrophages, but was also identified in the conditioned media from several primary cells, including brain cells, and diverse established cell lines. In vitro treatment of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages with either LPS or IFN-gamma caused a downregulation in cystatin C secretion. Elaboration of this protein was also diminished by macrophages that had been stimulated by thioglycollate in vivo, and treatment of these cells with LPS led to further decline. It is suggested that, under some inflammatory conditions, downregulation of cystatin C may contribute to tissue pathology.
Pillaring of magadiite with silicate species (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPillaring of magadiite with silicate speciesRenato Sprung, Mark E. Davis, Jon S. Kauffman, and Cecil DybowskiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 2, 213–220Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00098a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Closed-loop MIMO transceiver with space-time multilayer transmit selection (2012)

A closed-loop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver combining space–time multilayer precoding and transmit selection is proposed. The transmitter design consists in optimizing the number of space–time transmit layers as well as the partitioning of the transmit antennas into the selected number of space–time layers. We show that this problem can be translated into jointly selecting, from a finite alphabet, two transmit matrices that define, respectively, the multilayer space–time code and the antenna mapping to be used. The parametrization of the proposed design takes into account all possible space–time layering schemes in between spatial multiplexing and transmit diversity for a fixed number of transmit antennas and linear precoder structure. Sufficient conditions for solution existence using a linear space–time zero forcing receiver are discussed. Simulation results compare the proposed transceiver with some MIMO schemes and corroborate the benefits of closed-loop multilayer selection in terms of capacity and bit error rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multidimensional Helical Nanostructures in Multiscale Nanochannels (2015)

We have investigated the various morphological changes of helical nanofilament (HNF; B4) phases in multiscale nanochannels made of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film. Single or multihelical structures could be manipulated depending on the AAO pore size and the higher-temperature phase of each molecule. Furthermore, the nanostructures of HNFs affected by the chemical affinity between the molecule and surface were drastically controlled in surface-modified nanochannels. These well-controlled hierarchical helical structures that have multidimensions can be a promising tool for the manipulation of chiral pores or the nonlinear optical applications.
tDNA-PCR Followed by Automated Fluorescent Capillary Electrophoresis for Identification of Bacterial Species (2009)

Transfer RNA intergenic spacer length polymorphism analysis (tDNA-PCR) is a simple and reproducible polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for identification of bacteria at the species or even subspecies level. The primers used in the PCR are based on conserved sequences located at the edges of the tRNA genes. Because the selected consensus primers are directed outwardly, the intergenic spacers are amplified rather than the genes themselves. With each PCR, several amplicons of different lengths are obtained, because several intergenic spacers are present in each bacterial genome. The patterns thus obtained are identical within species, but differ between distinct species, and as a result, can be used for identification of bacterial species. The amplicons are separated using high-resolution (1 bp) electrophoresis (e.g., fluorescent capillary electrophoresis) and immediately digitized as tables composed of numerical lengths (expressed in base pairs) and peak intensities. For identification, the resulting peak pattern can be compared with a large database of patterns of well-identified bacterial strains, using an in-house-developed software package that is available online. New patterns (linked to the correct species name, which can be obtained, e.g., after 16S rRNA gene sequence determination) can be added to expand the database further. This protocol describes tDNA-PCR, followed by automated fluorescent capillary electrophoresis to identify bacterial species.
A New Method for the Study of Velopharyngeal Function Using Gated Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2002)

The purpose of this project was to assess the feasibility of imaging the velopharynx of adult volunteers during repetitive speech, using gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although a number of investigators have used conventional MRI in the study of the human vocal tract, the mismatch between the lengthy time necessary to acquire sufficiently detailed images and the rapidity of movement of the vocal tract during speech has forced investigators to acquire images either while the subject is at rest or during sustained utterances. The technique used here acquired a portion of each image during repetitive utterances, building the full image over multiple utterance cycles. The velopharyngeal portal was imaged on a 1.5-Tesla GE Signa LX 8.2 platform with gated fast spoiled gradient echo protocol. An external 1-Hertz trigger was fed to the cardiac gate. Subjects synchronized utterance of consonant-vowel syllables to a flashing light synchronized with the external trigger. Each acquisition of 30 phases per second at a single-slice location took 22 to 29 seconds. Four consonant-vowel syllables (/pa/, /ma/, /sa/, and /ka/) were evaluated. Subjects vocalized throughout the acquisition, beginning 5 to 6 seconds beforehand to establish a regular rhythm. Imaging of the velopharyngeal portal was performed for sagittal, velopharyngeal axial (aligned perpendicular to the "knee" of the velum), axial, and coronal planes. Volumes were obtained by sequential acquisition of six to 10 slices (each with 30 phases) in the axial or sagittal planes during repetition of the /pa/ syllable. Spatiotemporal volumes of the single-slice data were sectioned to provide time-motion images (analogous to M-mode echocardiograms). Three-dimensional dynamic volume renderings of palate motion were displayed interactively (Vortex; CieMed, Singapore). A method suitable for the collection and visualization of four-dimensional information regarding monosyllabic speech using gated MRI was developed. These techniques were applied to a population of adult volunteer subjects with no history of speech problems and two patients with a history of cleft lip and palate. The techniques allowed good real-time visualization of velopharyngeal anatomy during its entire range of motion and was also able to image pathology-specific anatomic differences in the subjects with cleft lip and cleft palate. These methods may be applicable to a wide spectrum of problems in speech physiology research and for clinical decision-making regarding surgery for speech and outcomes analysis.
A 12-GS/s Phase-Calibrated CMOS Digital-to-Analog Converter (2007)

A 12-GS/s 8-bit Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) enables 24 Gb/s signaling over conventional backplane channels. Designed in a 90-nm CMOS process, the circuit occupies an area of 670μm×350μm and achieves INL and DNL of 0.31 and 0.28 LSB. Measured SNDR and SFDR are 41 dB and 51 dB at 750 MHz and 32.5dB and 35dB at 1.5GHz. The power dissipation is 190 mW from 1-V and 1.8-V power supplies.
Prognostic value of lymphocyte homing receptor and S phase fraction in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1990)

Lymphocyte homing receptors (HRs) mediate lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules, and control their circulation between the blood and the lymphoid organs. The role of HRs and nuclear DNA content in the spread and prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was studied from paraffin-embedded tumor sections of 104 patients followed-up for the minimum of 5 years after the diagnosis. HR expression was analyzed by staining with a monoclonal antibody, Hermes-3, and DNA content by flow cytometry. Ten (10%) lymphomas were HR negative (HR-), 14 (13%) weakly (HR+/-), and 80 (77%) strongly positive (HR+). HR- lymphomas disseminated less often than HR+/- or HR+ lymphomas (P = .03), and their prognosis was more favorable (P = .03), although they often had a large S phase fraction (SPF), indicating a rapid proliferation rate. A large SPF (greater than 12%) was strongly associated with an unfavorable histologic type in Working Formulation (P = .0001) and poor survival (P = .006), whereas DNA aneuploidy was not. The 5-year survival rate corrected for intercurrent deaths was 61% in lymphomas with SPF less than 12% or with HR-, but only 15% if SPF was greater than 12% and HR+ (P less than .0001). In multivariate analysis stage (P less than .001), SPF (P = .002) and HR (P = .003) were the only independent prognostic factors.
Doubly robust nonparametric inference on the average treatment effect (2017)

Doubly robust estimators are widely used to draw inference about the average effect of a treatment. Such estimators are consistent for the effect of interest if either one of two nuisance parameters is consistently estimated. However, if flexible, data-adaptive estimators of these nuisance parameters are used, double robustness does not readily extend to inference. We present a general theoretical study of the behaviour of doubly robust estimators of an average treatment effect when one of the nuisance parameters is inconsistently estimated. We contrast different methods for constructing such estimators and investigate the extent to which they may be modified to also allow doubly robust inference. We find that while targeted minimum loss-based estimation can be used to solve this problem very naturally, common alternative frameworks appear to be inappropriate for this purpose. We provide a theoretical study and a numerical evaluation of the alternatives considered. Our simulations highlight the need for and usefulness of these approaches in practice, while our theoretical developments have broad implications for the construction of estimators that permit doubly robust inference in other problems.
Dynamic migration of microservices for end-to-end latency control in 5G/6G networks (2023)

Abstract With the adoption of the microservice paradigm by the telecom industry in the design of 5G/6G networks, complex network functions are decomposed into sets of chained sub-functions, which are further deployed using containerized technologies over geographically distributed cloud clusters. Latency-sensitive applications require to carefully orchestrate the allocation and re-arrangement of (micro)services to prevent from a largely segmented placement of microservices. To address this issue in the context of network functions, we introduce a novel placement and migration strategy that chooses those specific microservice(s) to migrate and the optimal destination (data center) while considering the impact of the migration on other microservices.We devise fast and effective heuristics that are extensively studied via simulation experiments, that show that our proposed approach significantly reduces the service latency.