gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligodendrocyte-lineage cell exocytosis and L-type prostaglandin D synthase promote oligodendrocyte development and myelination (2023)

In the developing central nervous system, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate into oligodendrocytes, which form myelin around axons. Oligodendrocytes and myelin are essential for the function of the central nervous system, as evidenced by the severe neurological symptoms that arise in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophy. Although many cell-intrinsic mechanisms that regulate oligodendrocyte development and myelination have been reported, it remains unclear whether interactions among oligodendrocyte-lineage cells (OPCs and oligodendrocytes) affect oligodendrocyte development and myelination. Here, we show that blocking vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) 1/2/3-dependent exocytosis from oligodendrocyte-lineage cells impairs oligodendrocyte development, myelination, and motor behavior in mice. Adding oligodendrocyte-lineage cell-secreted molecules to secretion-deficient OPC cultures partially restores the morphological maturation of oligodendrocytes. Moreover, we identified L-type prostaglandin D synthase as an oligodendrocyte-lineage cell-secreted protein that promotes oligodendrocyte development and myelination in vivo. These findings reveal a novel autocrine/paracrine loop model for the regulation of oligodendrocyte and myelin development.
Visual Constructive and Visual-Motor Skills in Deaf Native Signers (2006)

Visual constructive and visual-motor skills in the deaf population were investigated by comparing performance of deaf native signers (n=20) to that of hearing nonsigners (n=20) on the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Wechsler Memory Scale Visual Reproduction subtest, and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Paper Folding and Cutting subtest. Deaf signers were found to perform similarly to hearing controls, suggesting that these tests are valid assessment instruments to use with deaf individuals.
A Study on Active Noise Control in the Cabin of an Agricultural Tractor (2003)

Noise in the cabin of agricultural tractors is one of the most important problems from a viewpoint of operator's comfort, and its reduction has been required. ANC systems are more effective compared to passive techniques in the low frequency region. The aim of this study is to develop a compact and effective ANC system applied to the noise reduction in the cabin of agricultural tractors. An ANC controller has bee designed with four algorithms, namely Filtered-X LMS (FX), Constraint Filtered-X LMS (CFX), Multiple Error Filtered-X LMS (MEFX), Constraint Multiple Error Filtered-X LMS (CMFX). Laboratory experiments were carried out using a dummy noise source. The ANC was found to be capable of reducing noise sufficiently in the space around operators head and satisfactory in the convergence speed. Based on the laboratory experiments, the ANC system was applied to the cabin of a tractor being found to be effective in practical use.
Shannon meets Nyquist: The interplay between capacity and sampling (2011)

We explore several fundamental questions at the intersection of sampling theory and information theory: how is channel capacity affected by sampling below the channel's Nyquist rate, and what is the optimal input and sampling strategy at a given sub-Nyquist sampling rate. In particular, we derive the capacity of sampled analog channels for several sampling mechanisms, including a filter followed by sampling and a filter bank followed by sampling. Connections between sampling and MIMO Gaussian channels are illuminated based on this analysis. These results demonstrate the tradeoff between channel capacity and sampling rate, and also illustrate the interplay between sampling techniques and capacity of sampled analog channels.
Active Nanocomposite Polymers: Enhancing Sensing and Actuation Performance (2006)

The dispersion of nanoparticles, especially those with high aspect ratio, into polymers has been shown through numerous commercial and academic ventures to yield an array of impressive property enhancements for a surprisingly low volume fraction (&lt;5 vol%) of nanoparticle addition, thus maintaining the inherent processibility of the polymer. In this work, we propose a new generation of sensors and actuators based on a piezoelectric polymer (PVDF) with embedded carbon nanotubes. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-double walled carbon-nanotubes (DWNT) composite films are prepared with the goal to develop new polymeric materials with enhanced electrical and electromechanical properties. Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of polyvinylidene fluoride- double-walled carbon nanotubes composites are investigated as a function of frequency (10 Hz–1 MHz), and as a function of weight fraction (0.01–2 wt%). DWNT and PVDF are mixed under mechanical stirring and sonication. The dispersion is assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), indicating a good dispersion. Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC) is used to study the effect of DWNTs inclusions on the glass transition temperature, Tg, and the crystallinity of the resulting PVDF composite. The percolation threshold is computed by using the bulk conductivity data and it is found that percolation occurs at about 0.19wt%. These investigations promise to increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved, particularly as related to nanoparticle/polymer interaction. This in turn would allow us to tailor the polymer nanocomposites to yield desired performance in terms of actuation voltage, electroactive strain, blocking stress and response time to name a few.
TAMI-17. INDUCTION OF SYNTHETIC LETHALITY BY ACTIVATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL CLPP AND INHIBITION OF HDAC1/2 IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2021)

Abstract Activation of the mitochondrial ClpP protease is an innovative therapeutic concept and the identification of synthetic lethal interactions may foster the development of novel therapies for glioblastoma (GBM). By integration of a transcriptome, metabolite and U-13C-glucose tracing analyses, we showed that activation of the mitochondrial ClpP protease through constitutively active ClpP (Y118A) or utilization of second-generation imipridone compounds (ONC206 and ONC212) in combination with genetic interference of HDAC1 and HDAC2 as well as with global (Panobinostat) and selective (Romidepsin) HDAC inhibitors caused synergistic reduction of viability in established, neuro-sphere and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cultures of human GBM, which was mediated by interference with tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and GBM cell respiration. Notably, human astrocytes were significantly less susceptible to the combination treatment of HDAC-inhibitors and ClpP activators. The reduction of GBM viability occurred independent of TP53 status and was accompanied by activation of cell death with apoptotic features along with cleavage of caspases regulated chiefly by Bcl-xL and Mcl-1. Importantly, knockdown of the ClpP protease or ectopic expression of a ClpP D190A mutant almost completely rescued from the inhibition of oxidative energy metabolism as well as from the reduction of cellular viability by ClpP activators and the combination treatment, suggesting critical involvement of this protein. Finally, utilizing GBM PDX models, we demonstrated that the combination treatment of HDAC-inhibitors and imipridones reduced tumor growth and prolonged host survival more potently than single treatments or vehicle in vivo. Collectively, these observations suggest that the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors might be significantly enhanced through ClpP activators in model systems of human GBM.
Supplementary Table 2 from Inhibition of TGF-β Enhances the <i>In Vivo</i> Antitumor Efficacy of EGF Receptor–Targeted Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 70K, A, Serum levels of the indicated cytokines in patients with HNSCC and pleomorphic adenoma (non-cancer control). B, Comparison of serum TGF-beta1 levels in non-cancer controls and patients with HNSCC at the time of new diagnosis and at the time of recurrence. C, Comparison of serum levels of TGF-beta1 in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC at the time of diagnosis, and at two time points after the completion of treatment&lt;/p&gt;
ACTR-06. THE TOCA 7 STUDY: PHASE 1B STUDY OF TOCA 511, A LIVE GAMMA RETROVIRUS, AND TOCA FC, AN EXTENDED-RELEASE FORMULATION OF 5-FLUOROCYTOSINE COMBINED WITH STANDARD OF CARE IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED HIGH GRADE GLIOMA (NCT02598011) (2016)

Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec), a live gamma retrovirus, encodes the transgene cytosine deaminase (CD). Toca 511 selectively infects, persists and spreads in actively proliferating cancer cells. Subsequent oral administration of the extended-release antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine (Toca FC) results in production of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), via the CD enzyme, within infected cells. 5-FU kills cancer cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells and activates the immune system against cancer, leading to durable antitumor immune responses in animal models. This sequence of events is amplified with multiple cycles of 5-fluorocytosine. Clinical data from 2 ongoing phase 1 trials (NCT01156584, NCT01470794) in recurrent high grade glioma (HGG) are consistent with this mechanism of action, and show a favorable safety profile and extended survival compared to historical controls. Standard of care for newly diagnosed HGG includes maximum safe extent resection and chemoradiation with temozolomide (TMZ). A Phase 1b study, treating newly diagnosed HGG subjects with Toca 511 and Toca FC added to standard of care (SOC), will examine safety and overall survival (OS) compared to historical controls. Based on the high unmet need for effective therapies and the additive preclinical efficacy demonstrated with Toca 511 and radiation or TMZ, this multi-center, open-label study will enroll approximately 24 subjects with newly diagnosed HGG prior to tissue diagnosis or definitive initial surgical resection. Subjects will be treated with Toca 511 and dose escalation of Toca FC added to SOC. The primary objective is to establish the recommended Phase 2 dose of Toca FC and secondary objectives are to evaluate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy as measured by OS and progression-free survival. Evidence for immunologic mechanisms of disease control and molecular profiling of resected tumor samples will be evaluated to identify potential biomarkers for treatment-related response.
The overlap problem in content-oriented XML retrieval evaluation (2004)

Within the INitiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval(INEX) a number of metrics to evaluate the effectiveness of content-oriented XML retrieval approaches were developed. Although these metrics provide a solution towards addressing the problem of overlapping result elements, they do not consider the problem of overlapping reference components within the recall-base, thus leading to skewed effectiveness scores. We propose alternative metrics that aim to provide a solution to both overlap issues.
Changes of pH during biomacromolecule crystallization by vapor diffusion using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant (1989)

Possible pH variations during crystallization of biological macromolecules by the vapor diffusion method have not been taken into account in most experiments so far reported. The present study demonstrates that when ammonium sulfate is used as the precipitant, pH changes occur due to ammonia transfer following ammonium/ammonia equilibrium. The pH in a crystallization droplet is shown to be controlled by that of the reservoir. The theory of the effect is given and the consequences of pH variations during crystallization are discussed in terms of reproducibility of experiments. An application, the crystallization of concanavalin A induced by pH variation, is presented.
Immunobinding‐induced alteration in the electrophoretic mobility of proteins: An approach to studying the preconcentration of an acidic protein under cationic isotachophoresis (2019)

The objective of this study is to explore an approach for analyzing negatively charged proteins using paper-based cationic ITP. The rationale of electrophoretic focusing the target protein with negative charges under unfavorable cationic ITP condition is to modify the electrophoretic mobility of the target protein through antigen-antibody immunobinding. Cationic ITP was performed on a paper-based analytical device that was fabricated using fiberglass paper. The paper matrix was modified with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane to minimize sample attraction to the surface for cationic ITP. Negatively charged BSA was used as the model target protein for the cationic ITP experiments. No electrophoretic mobility was observed for BSA-only samples during cationic ITP experimental condition. However, the presence of a primary antibody to BSA significantly improved the electrokinetic behavior of the target protein. Adding a secondary antibody conjugated with amine-rich quantum dots to the sample further facilitated the concentrating effect of ITP, reduced experiment time, and elevated the stacking ratio. Under our optimized experimental conditions, the cationic ITP-based paper device electrophoretically stacked 94% of loaded BSA in less than 7 min. Our results demonstrate that the technique has a broad potential for rapid and cost-effective isotachphoretic analysis of multiplex protein biomarkers in serum samples at the point of care.
Effects of Induction Versus Prevention of Hibernation on Reproduction in Captive Male and Female Woodchucks (Marmota Monax)1 (1989)

Reproductive performance and gonadal function were studied in two groups of woodchucks containing 16 females and 8-9 males each. The control group was maintained indoors under conditions that do not induce hibernation, including fluctuating temperature of 6-12 degrees C, ad libitum feed, and exposure to natural and incandescent light. The hibernaculum-housed group was, in addition, provided conditions that do induce hibernation, including temperature reduced to 5.6 +/- 1.7 degrees C, no food, and no light from 19 November to 21 February. Hibernaculum housing caused 67% of males and 94% of females to hibernate with reduced body temperature for significant periods of times. Compared to control conditions, hibernaculum housing caused (p less than 0.05) a delay in testis recrudescence, a reduction in mean peak testis size (1.8 vs. 3.0 cc) and its mean date of occurrence (14 March vs. 15 February), a reduction in mean testosterone concentrations in February, and a reduced incidence of fertile matings (22 vs. 88%). In females, hibernation resulted (p less than 0.05) in a greater loss in body weight and a reduced pregnancy rate (31 vs. 82%), which was related to post-hibernation body weights that, in turn, were related to prehibernation body weights. Among hibernaculum-housed females, the pregnancy rate was lower in smaller females (0%; 2.0 +/- 0.1 kg) than in the larger ones (63%; 2.9 +/- 0.1 kg). The results demonstrate that the experimental imposition of hibernation-inducing conditions for 3 mo prior to the expected breeding season can alter subsequent reproductive performance in laboratory-maintained woodchucks, whereas a reproductive rate of 88% can be obtained in animals prevented from hibernating during their first year in captivity.
Automatic characterization of speaking styles in educational videos (2014)

Recent studies have shown the importance of using online videos along with textual material in educational instruction, especially for better content retention and improved concept understanding. A key question is how to select videos to maximize student engagement, particularly when there are multiple possible videos on the same topic. While there are many aspects that drive student engagement, in this paper we focus on presenter speaking styles in the video. We use crowd-sourcing to explore speaking style dimensions in online educational videos, and identify six broad dimensions: liveliness, speaking rate, pleasantness, clarity, formality and confidence. We then propose techniques based solely on acoustic features for automatically identifying a subset of the dimensions. Finally, we perform video re-ranking experiments to learn how users apply their speaking style preferences to augment textbook material. Our findings also indicate how certain dimensions are correlated with perceptions of general pleasantness of the voice.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Chemical Shifts of Metal Centers in Polyoxometalates: Relativistic DFT Predictions (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selectivities in the Reactions of Alkyl‐, Aryl‐ and Heterosubstituted Organotitanium Compounds Preliminary Communication (1981)

Abstract Solutions of the title compounds R‐Ti(OR′) 3 ( 1 ) are generally available from organolithium (or magnesium) derivatives according to equation 1. It is shown ( Table 1 ) that some heterosubstituted organotitanium compounds are more stable thermally than their lithium counterparts. The reagents 1 are highly selective carbonylophiles ( Tables 1 and 2 ), their reactivity can be modified by variation of the R′O‐group ( Table 3 ) and with the chiral ( S )‐2‐methyl‐l‐butoxy group an enantioselective addition can be achieved [equ. 2].
Processing Formation Test Data to Reduce the Risk Inherent in Capturing Representative Samples in Zones with Highly Varying Permeabilities (2015)

Abstract A new method of objectively quantifying formation tester data quality has recently been developed with the aim of optimizing the generation of fluid gradients and contacts. This paper demonstrates how this new method of processing formation test data and integration with the open hole log data can be applied to improve job planning for sampling. By using data that have been quality controlled, sampling operations can be improved by using the optimal sampling tool configuration which can result in higher operational efficiencies with reduced rig time for complex logging and sampling operations. In this case study, formation tester objectives included establishing gradients and fluid contact points, determination of formation fluids and capturing representative samples over multiple horizons in a single 6 ⅛" wellbore. An additional factor which increased the complexity of this operation was the length and deviation of the wellbore, raising concerns about differential sticking due to the lengthy stationary sampling times required. The formation tester evaluation process was divided into two runs: wireline deployed pressure testing and drill pipe conveyed sampling. This culminated in successfully completing 22 pumpouts with 4 samples captured over 6 days without any incidents. The straddle packer was used 17 times in varying permeability formations and is considered to be the most number of inflations in the Middle East region. The real-time formation tester data acquired were compared to the quality controlled data used for post processing analysis. The results were then used to identify the optimum procedures to be followed and future best practices. The lessons learned from the case study presented are used to demonstrate a quality control process with recently developed realtime methods for evaluating test quality. This allowed the data to be analyzed quickly and with confidence, enabling improved pumpout and sampling operation planning.
Self-Accelerating Beams in Photonic Crystal Slabs (2013)

We find beams that self-bend to highly nonparaxial angles in a general periodic optical system, demonstrating how light can be guided in structures by only tailoring the incoming field, without altering the structure itself.
Peer review versus public review ? new possibilities of on-line publishing! (2002)

The traditional paper based journals, like the European Journal of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, have developed a sophisticated manuscript selection system in order to improve the quality of the papers accepted for publication. This so-called peer review system includes in addition to the usual verification of formal requirements and language editing, the systematic assessment of submitted manuscripts by experts in the field and statistical work-up, prior to the evaluation by the section editor and final decision by the editor-inchief. The multiplication of these parallel and serial filters of such a peer review system certainly guarantees a minimal level of quality and is the basis of the high reputation the leading journals have developed. The Impact Factor, which is based on the number of citations per article published, is the yardstick by which the Journals, the papers published, and their authors are measured. As a result, the equation {publication in a journal with high impact factor 1⁄4 good science 1⁄4 excellent author} is readily made, but not always justified. Although, the peer review system for manuscript selection has reached a high rate of acceptance by academic standards there are also a number of limitations. These include the fact that the peer review process happens behind the scenes, that the peers are by definition experts in a specific field and therefore part of the establishment, that there is a certain lack of transparency how the final decisions are reached (even if the opinions expressed are forwarded to the authors and the reviewers on a routine base), that the manuscripts are amended during iterative revisions, and that the original message may be diluted or even entirely lost. As a matter of fact, the editor-in-chief faces at the end of the traditional peer review evaluation chain three typical scenarios.
Failure of in vitro–differentiated mesenchymal stem cells from the synovial membrane to form ectopic stable cartilage in vivo (2004)

The chondrocyte-like phenotype of human SM MSCs, induced in vitro under specific conditions, appears to be unstable and is not sufficient to obtain ectopic formation of stable cartilage in vivo. Studies in animal models of joint surface defect repair are necessary to evaluate the stability of the SM MSC chondrocyte-like phenotype within the joint environment.