gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Physical Simulation of Catheter Motion within Mayor Vessel Structures and Cavities for ASD/VSD Treatment (2007)

Simulation systems are becoming increasingly essential in medical education. Hereby, capturing the physical behaviour of the real world requires a sophisticated modelling of instruments within the virtual environment. Most models currently used are not capable of user interactive simulations due to the computation of the complex underlying analytical equations. Alternatives are often based on simplifying mass-spring systems, being able to deliver high update rates that come at the cost of less realistic motion. In addition, most techniques are limited to narrow and tubular vessel structures or restrict shape alterations to two degrees of freedom, not allowing instrument deformations like torsion. In contrast, our approach combines high update rates with highly realistic motion and can in addition be used with respect to arbitrary structures like vessels or cavities (e.g. atrium, ventricle) without limiting the degrees of freedom. Based on energy minimization, bending energies and vessel structures are considered as linear elastic elements; energies are evaluated at regularly spaced points on the instrument, while the distance of the points is fixed, i.e. we simulate an articulated structure of joints with fixed connections between them. Arbitrary tissue structures are modeled through adaptive distance fields and are connected by nodes via an undirected graph system. The instrument points are linked to nodes by a system of rules. Energy minimization uses a Quasi Newton method without preconditioning and, hereby, gradients are estimated using a combination of analytical and numerical terms. Results show a high quality in motion simulation when compared to a phantom model. The approach is also robust and fast. Simulating an instrument with 100 joints runs at 100 Hz on a 3 GHz PC.
Local demodulation of holograms using the Riesz transform with application to microscopy (2012)

We propose a Riesz transform approach to the demodulation of digital holograms. The Riesz transform is a higher-dimensional extension of the Hilbert transform and is steerable to a desired orientation. Accurate demodulation of the hologram requires a reliable methodology by which quadrature-phase functions (or simply, quadratures) can be constructed. The Riesz transform, by itself, does not yield quadratures. However, one can start with the Riesz transform and construct the so-called vortex operator by employing the notion of quasi-eigenfunctions, and this approach results in accurate quadratures. The key advantage of using the vortex operator is that it effectively handles nonplanar fringes (interference patterns) and has the ability to compensate for the local orientation. Therefore, this method results in aberration-free holographic imaging even in the case when the wavefronts are not planar. We calibrate the method by estimating the orientation from a reference hologram, measured with an empty field of view. Demodulation results on synthesized planar as well as nonplanar fringe patterns show that the accuracy of demodulation is high. We also perform validation on real experimental measurements of Caenorhabditis elegans acquired with a digital holographic microscope.
Analysis of the Communication Requirements of a Highly-Distributed Engine Control (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Switch fabric communication networks have been proposed for use in automobiles as a means of reducing the physical complexity of communication and control systems. Such networks have proven very valuable in telecommunications and business computing applications. Similar advantages are foreseen in the automotive area. This paper begins to summarize the partitioning and communication requirements of a highly-distributed engine control system that would be part of a switch fabric network in a vehicle.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engine controls have traditionally been constructed by connecting a large number of input and output devices to a large-scale control module. Most of the signal conditioning and output driving circuitry is combined with a microcontroller and other specialized integrated circuits in the control module. In a vehicle with a switch fabric network, some of the signal conditioning and drive electronics would be distributed out to the actual input and output devices. These devices would contribute their abilities to the engine control strategy running in some computing resource by using the switch fabric communication network. Two types of communication - event-based and periodic process - are used to illustrate the communication requirements of this kind of distributed control. A vehicle with a 4 cylinder engine is used in the analysis presented.&lt;/div&gt;
Identification of Parameters for the Middle Ear Model (1999)

This paper presents a method of parameter identification for a finite-element model of the human middle ear. The parameter values are estimated using a characterization of the difference in natural frequencies and mode shapes of the tympanic membrane between the model and the specimens. Experimental results were obtained from temporal bone specimens under sound excitation (300-3,000 Hz). The first 3 modes of the tympanic membrane could be observed with a laser scanning vibrometer and were used to estimate the stiffness parameters for the orthotropic finite-element model of the eardrum. A further point of discussion is the parameter sensitivity and its implication for the identification process.
Design of SCR devices for SiGe BiCMOS applications (2011)

An optimum vertical SiGe SCR design is presented for on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. The device response to fast transients, emulating ESD CDM-type events, is compared with standard clamp structures having similar footprint-area, loading-capacitance and current handling ability. SCR designs include variation in the device's anode construction, anode geometry and triggering mechanism.
Long-term Locomotor and Cognitive Deficits in Rats with 6-OHDA Lesions of the VTA: A Model for Transplantation Studies (1986)

In Parkinson’s disease there is a reduction of dopamine (DA)-levels not only in the neostriatum, but also in cortical and limbic regions. The mesolimbocortical DA-neurons which originate in the ventral tegmental area (VTA, A10 of Dahlström and Fuxe) and project, e.g. to the nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, anteromedial striatum and septum have been implicated in, i.a., stress and cognitive behaviours and the regulation of locomotor activity in rats. Extensive bilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the VTA have, for example, been shown to produce a persistent reduction of spontaneous locomotor activity, a blockade of amphetamine-induced activation and hyperactivity in response to apomorphine (Koob et al. 1981), however no significant effects have previously been seen on spatial learning ability in the watermaze (Hagan et al. 1983). Recent studies have demonstrated behavioural effects of DA-rich transplants in rats with 6-OHDA lesions in the VTA (S.B. Dunnett et al., 1984, N. Nadaud et al., 1984). We report here of significant changes in open field activity, somatosensory reactivity and watermaze performance after 6OHDA lesions of the VTA. Subsequently, the amelioration of the lesion-induced behavioural syndrome by DA-rich transplants is described.
Effect of Conductive Particle Properties on the Reliability of Anisotropic Conductive Film for Chip-on-Glass Applications (2007)

This paper describes how the material properties of conductive particles in anisotropic conductive films (ACFs) affect the electrical conductivity and the reliability of ACF interconnections for chip-on-glass (COG) applications. For the conductive particles, Au/Ni-coated polymer particles with a 5-diameter were used. Two different types of conductive particles were characterized with respect to their mechanical and electrical properties, such as ball hardness, recovery behavior, and electrical resistance. In addition, two ACFs were fabricated in the form of a double-layered structure, in which the thickness of the ACF and a nonconductive film (NCF) layer were optimized to have as many conductive particles as possible on the bump after COG bonding. The electrical contact resistance of an ACF interconnection in a COG structure depends mainly on the electrical properties of conductive particles in the ACF. The electrical reliability of an ACF interconnection in a COG structure also depends more on the electrical properties than the mechanical properties of conductive particles under a high-temperature and humid condition. Conductive particles with a lower electrical resistance, higher mechanical hardness, and lower recovery rate show better reliability than conductive particles with a higher electrical resistance, lower mechanical hardness, and higher recovery rate. Cross-sectional scanning electron microscopic (SEM) pictures of a COG interconnection show the deformation of two different conductive particles after the reliability tests. The ACF interconnections in the edge or corner of a driver IC show less reliable joints due to high absorption of moisture.
Operation of the 25 kW NASA Lewis Research Center Solar Regenerative Fuel Cell Testbed Facility (2002)

Assembly of the NASA Lewis Research Center (LeRC) Solar Regenerative Fuel Cell (RFC) Testbed Facility has been completed and system testing has proceeded. This facility includes the integration of two 25 kW photovoltaic solar cell arrays, a 25 kW proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis unit, four 5 kW PEM fuel cells, high pressure hydrogen and oxygen storage vessels, high purity water storage containers, and computer monitoring, control and data acquisition. The fuel cell and electrolyzer subsystems' installation was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The photovoltaic arrays and electrical interconnect to the electrolyzer were provided by the US Navy/China Lake Naval Air Warfare Center. JPL is responsible for conducting the testing and operations at the LeRC facility. There are multiple objectives for this program. The near term objectives are: (1) design, assemble, and test the solar RFC power plant system to serve as a pre-prototype operational testbed facility; (2) evaluate performance criteria of the total system, subsystems, and components against various operational duty cycles; and (3) develop automation and controls commensurate with advanced system operating requirements. The long term objectives are: (1) develop a highly reliable, long life, highly efficient solar RFC power system for future manned space missions; and 2) demonstrate the dual use aspects of RFCs applicable to commercial and military applications. The system description and initiation of system testing constitute Phase I of multiple activities planned to take place in the next few years.
Importance of Whole-Body Bioimpedance Spectroscopy for the Management of Fluid Balance (2009)

Whole-body bioimpedance spectroscopy in combination with a physiologic tissue model provides for the first time an objective and relevant target for clinical dry weight assessment.
Definitions of crowdsourced network and QoE measurements (2020)

This article summarizes definitions of crowdsourcing in the context of network and QoE measurements as provided in White Paper on Crowdsourced Network and QoE Measurements - Definitions, Use Cases and Challenges (2020). Tobias Hoßfeld and Stefan Wunderer, eds., Würzburg, Germany, March 2020. doi: 10.25972/OPUS-20232.
Effects of streptozotocin treatment in growth hormone (GH) and GH antagonist transgenic mice. (1995)

To investigate GH's role in diabetic end organ damage, experimental diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) in bovine GH (bGH) or bGH antagonist transgenic mice and in their nontransgenic (NTG) litter mates. Body growth, blood glucose, serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels, liver GH receptor (GHR) binding, and kidney histology of these animals were evaluated. After administration of multiple low doses of STZ, 90% of the mice developed hyperglycemia. The diabetic animals, especially those expressing GH and GH antagonist transgenes, demonstrated retarded body growth and reduced insulin-like growth factor-I levels when compared with their nondiabetic litter mates. Kidney histology revealed severe glomerulosclerosis in diabetic and nondiabetic bGH transgenic mice. Diabetic NTG mice exhibited moderate kidney lesions. Diabetic bGH antagonist transgenic mice possessed normal glomeruli indistinguishable from those seen in nondiabetic NTG mice. GHR-binding assays revealed that liver GHR-binding sites were significantly reduced in diabetic NTG mice and transgenic dwarf mice when compared with their nondiabetic controls. Conversely, liver GHR-binding ability was significantly increased in bGH transgenic mice as compared with their NTG littermates and remained high during diabetes. It is concluded that transgenic mice that express a GH antagonist are protected from diabetes and or GH-induced nephropathy.
Diffractive light‐trapping transparent electrodes using zero‐order suppression (2023)

A light-trapping transparent electrode design based on sub-surface binary dielectric gratings is introduced and demonstrated experimentally. The structure consists of metallic wires patterned with an array of silicon nanobeams. Optimization of the grating geometry achieves selective suppression of zero-order diffraction, while enabling redirection of incident light to an angle that exceeds critical angle of the local environment. Subsequent total-internal reflection allows recovery of light initially incident on the patterned metal wire. Experiments involving amorphous silicon gratings patterned on gold wires demonstrate a light-trapping efficiency exceeding 41 %. Modeling of crystalline silicon nanobeams on silver wires suggests that a shadowing loss reduction of 82 % is feasible. The achievement of a large shadowing reduction using a coplanar structure with high manufacturing tolerance and a polarization-insensitive optical response makes this design a promising candidate for integration in a wide range of real-world photonic devices.
Hemiarthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures in Patients with Parkinson's Disease (2010)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Selective Targeting of Interferon γ to Stromal Fibroblasts and Pericytes as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Inhibit Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth (2012)

New approaches to block the function of tumor stromal cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts and pericytes is an emerging field in cancer therapeutics as these cells play a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth via paracrine signals. Because of immunomodulatory and other antitumor activities, IFNγ, a pleiotropic cytokine, has been used as an anticancer agent in clinical trials. Unfortunately only modest beneficial effects, but severe side effects, were seen. In this study, we delivered IFNγ to stromal fibroblasts and pericytes, considering its direct antifibrotic activity, using our platelet-derived growth factor-beta receptor (PDGFβR)-binding carrier (pPB-HSA), as these cells abundantly express PDGFβR. We chemically conjugated IFNγ to pPB-HSA using a heterobifunctional PEG linker. In vitro in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, pPB-HSA-IFNγ conjugate activated IFNγ-signaling (pSTAT1α) and inhibited their activation and migration. Furthermore, pPB-HSA-IFNγ inhibited fibroblasts-induced tube formation of H5V endothelial cells. In vivo in B16 tumor-bearing mice, pPB-HSA-IFNγ rapidly accumulated in tumor stroma and pericytes and significantly inhibited the tumor growth while untargeted IFNγ and pPB-HSA carrier were ineffective. These antitumor effects of pPB-HSA-IFNγ were attributed to the inhibition of tumor vascularization, as shown with α-SMA and CD-31 staining. Moreover, pPB-HSA-IFNγ induced MHC-II expression specifically in tumors compared with untargeted IFNγ, indicating the specificity of this approach. This study thus shows the impact of drug targeting to tumor stromal cells in cancer therapy as well as provides new opportunities to use cytokines for therapeutic application.
Synthesis and x-ray characterization of sputtered bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes (2017)

Advanced photoinjectors, which are critical to many next generation accelerators, open the door to new ways of material probing, both as injectors for free electron lasers and for ultra-fast electron diffraction. For these applications, the nonuniformity of the electric field near the cathode caused by surface roughness can be the dominant source of beam emittance. Therefore, improving the photocathode roughness while maintaining quantum efficiency is essential to the improvement of beam brightness. In this paper, we report the demonstration of a bi-alkali antimonide photocathode with an order of magnitude improved roughness by sputter deposition from a K2CsSb sputter target, using in situ and operando X-ray characterizations. We found that a surface roughness of 0.5 nm for a sputtered photocathode with a final thickness of 42 nm can be achieved while still yielding a quantum efficiency of 3.3% at 530 nm wavelength.
200 mm Ge Wafer Production for Oxide-Free Si-Ge Direct Wafer Bonding (2020)

Dislocation-free 200 mm diameter germanium wafers were manufactured via Czochralski crystal growth technique. Standard silicon wafers were used to demonstrate the feasibility of oxide-free Ge direct wafer bonding at room temperature. First the native oxides from both wafer surfaces were removed using ion beam sputtering, followed by the transfer of both wafers in ultra-high vacuum to the bonding process station in order to avoid re-oxidation. Subsequently annealing to correct for the sputter-induced amorphization was studied. For the qualification of the process the main focus was on the morphological and elemental analysis of the surfaces and of the bonded interfaces.
Consciousness Unchained: Ethical Issues and the Vegetative and Minimally Conscious State (2008)

"Consciousness Unchained: Ethical Issues and the Vegetative and Minimally Conscious State." , 8(9), pp. 1–2
von Willebrand disease and pregnancy (2000)

von Willebrand Disease (vWD) affects approximately 1% of Americans and as many as 25% of women referred for evaluation of menorrhagia. We briefly review the history of vWD, its molecular defects, and diagnostic criteria for each subtype of disease. We also address obstetric management of the patient with vWD. While there is a significant increased risk for postpartum hemorrhage, patients with vWD should not be discouraged to undertake pregnancy.
Self-consistent analysis of high-temperature effects on strained-layer multiquantum-well InGaAsP-InP lasers (2000)

We present a comprehensive evaluation of the temperature effects on the threshold current and the slope efficiency of 1.55 /spl mu/m Fabry-Perot ridge-waveguide lasers between 20/spl deg/C and 120/spl deg/C. Experimental results are analyzed using the commercial laser simulator PICS3D. The software self-consistently combines two-dimensional carrier transport, heat flux, strained quantum-well gain computation, and optical waveguiding with a longitudinal mode solver. All relevant physical mechanisms are considered, including their dependence on temperature and local carrier density. Careful adjustment of material parameters leads to an excellent agreement between simulation and measurements at all temperatures. At lower temperatures, Auger recombination controls the threshold current and the differential internal efficiency. At high temperatures, the vertical electron leakage from the separate confinement layer mainly limits the laser performance. The increase of internal absorption is less important. However, all these carrier and photon loss enhancements with higher temperature are mainly triggered by the reduction of the optical gain due to wider Fermi spreading of electrons.
Recognizing plant species by leaf shapes-a case study of the Acer family (2002)

In this paper, a method for recognizing plant species by the shapes of the leaves is presented. The recognition is based on a hierarchical representation of shape features. First, the structures of the shapes of leaves are analyzed and the shapes of components are extracted in detail. The structures and detailed shapes of leaves are approximated by polygons whose vertices are critical points of curvature of contours of leaves. The method also takes variations of shapes of leaves of the same species into account. Experimental results using a number of species in the family of Acer (Maple) indicate that structures of leaves and shapes of their components can be considered as landmarks to recognize the species of plants.
NMR studies of the interaction of the antibiotic nogalamycin with the hexadeoxyribonucleotide duplex d(5'-GCATGC)2 (1988)

1H resonance assignments in the NMR spectra of the self-complementary hexadeoxyribonucleoside pentaphosphate d(5'-GCATGC)2 and its complex with the antibiotic nogalamycin, together with interproton distance constraints obtained from two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectra, have enabled us to characterize the three-dimensional structure of these species in solution. In the complex described, two drug molecules are bound per duplex, in each of two equivalent binding sites, with full retention of the dyad symmetry. Twenty-eight NOE distance constraints between antibiotic and nucleotide protons define the position and orientation of the bound drug molecule. Nogalamycin intercalates at the 5'-CA and 5'-TG steps with the major axis of the anthracycline chromophore aligned approximately at right angles to the major axes of the base pairs. The nogalose sugar occupies the minor groove of the helix and makes many contacts with the deoxyribose moieties of three nucleotides along one strand of the duplex in the 5'-TGC segment. The charged dimethylamino group and hydroxyl functions of the bicyclic sugar lie in the major groove juxtaposed to the guanine base, the bridging atoms of the bicyclic sugar making contacts with the methyl group of the thymine. Thus the antibiotic is not symmetrically disposed in the intercalation site but is in close contact in both grooves with atoms comprising the 5'-TGC strand. The intercalation cavity is wedge-shaped, the major axes of the base pairs forming the site being tilted with respect to one another. All base-pair hydrogen-bonding interactions are maintained in the complex, and there is no evidence for Hoogsteen pairing. The free duplex adopts a regular right-handed B-type conformation in which all glycosidic bond angles are anti and all sugar puckers lie in the C2'-endo range. In the complex the glycosidic bond angles and the sugar puckers deviate little from those observed for the duplex alone. The presence of two bound nogalamycin molecules substantially slows the "breathing" motions of the base pairs forming the intercalation cavity, and the observation of two downfield-shifted resonances in the 31P NMR spectrum of the complex suggests a pronounced local helix unwinding at the drug binding site. The footprinting data of Fox and Waring [Fox, K.R., & Waring, M.J. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 4349-4356] imply that the highest affinity binding sites of nogalamycin have the sequence 5'-GCA (or 5'-TGC).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
FPGA-Based TDC for Single-Photon Intensity Interferometry (2016)

A prototype intensity interferometer readout for single-photon detectors is presented as a time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). We briefly discuss the history and scientific motivations for the instrument. A comparison is drawn between the use of photomultiplier tubes in linear mode and single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) in Geiger mode. Different FPGA-based TDC configurations are discussed. We describe the design and implementation of a four-phase FPGA-based TDC. The paper concludes with the application of the design to investigate SPAD after-pulsing and a description of future work.