gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phorbol ester stimulates a protein kinase C–mediated agatoxin-TK–sensitive calcium permeability pathway in human red blood cells (2002)

Calcium entry into mature erythrocytes (red blood cells; RBCs) is associated with multiple changes in cell properties. At low intracellular Ca(2+), efflux of potassium and water predominates, leading to changes in erythrocyte rheology. At higher Ca(2+) content, activation of kinases and phosphatases, rupture of membrane-to-skeleton bridges, stimulation of a phospholipid scramblase and phospholipase C, and induction of transglutaminase-mediated protein cross-linking are also observed. Because the physiologic relevance of these latter responses depends partially on whether Ca(2+) entry involves a regulated channel or nonspecific leak, we explored mechanisms that initiate controlled Ca(2+) influx. Protein kinase C (PKC) was considered a prime candidate for the pathway regulator, and phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (PMA), a stimulator of PKC, was examined for its influence on erythrocyte Ca(2+). PMA was found to stimulate a rapid, dose-dependent influx of calcium, as demonstrated by the increased fluorescence of an entrapped Ca(2+)-sensitive dye, Fluo-3/AM. The PMA-induced entry was inhibited by staurosporine and the PKC-selective inhibitor chelerythrine chloride, but was activated by the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A. The PMA-promoted calcium influx was also inhibited by omega-agatoxin-TK, a calcium channel blocker specific for Ca(v)2.1 channels. To confirm that a Ca(v)2.1-like calcium channel exists in the mature erythrocyte membrane, RBC membrane preparations were immunoblotted with antiserum against the alpha(1A) subunit of the channel. A polypeptide of the expected molecular weight (190 kDa) was visualized. These studies indicate that an omega-agatoxin-TK-sensitive, Ca(v)2.1-like calcium permeability pathway is present in the RBC membrane and that it may function under the control of kinases and phosphatases.
Effects of sodium on agonist efficacy for G‐protein activation in μ‐opioid receptor‐transfected CHO cells and rat thalamus (2000)

1. Sodium ions inhibit spontaneous G(i)/G(o)-coupled receptor activity and promote agonist-induced responses in vitro. The effects of sodium on the relative efficacy of opioid agonists for G-protein activation was measured by guanosine-5'-O-(gamma-(35)S)-triphosphate ([(35)S]-GTPgammaS) binding in membranes from two mu-opioid receptor-containing systems: CHO cells stably transfected with mouse mureceptors (mMOR-CHO cells) and rat thalamus. 2. NaCl inhibited basal [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding in both systems, and this effect was partially mimicked by KCl. In mMOR-CHO membranes, net [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding stimulated by partial but not full agonists was inhibited by NaCl with a potency that was inversely proportional to agonist efficacy. Monovalent cations were required for agonist-stimulated [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding in this system, and increasing NaCl concentrations magnified relative efficacy differences among agonists. 3. In thalamic membranes, which contain a lower receptor:G-protein ratio than mMOR-CHO cells, similar monovalent cation effects were observed, with two exceptions: (1) [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding stimulated by both full and partial agonists was inhibited by NaCl; and (2) monovalent cations were not required to observe agonist-stimulated [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding. 4. Basal [(35)S]-GTPgammaS binding stimulated by the absence of monovalent cations resembled that of agonist-stimulated binding and was blocked by pretreatment of mMOR-CHO cells with pertussis toxin. 5. These results indicate that sodium inhibits spontaneous and agonist-occupied mu receptor-mediated G-protein activation in a manner inversely proportional to the efficacy of the agonist, and that spontaneous mu receptor activity and the relative efficacy of partial agonists acting at these receptors are both increased by increases in the stoichiometric ratio of receptors:G-proteins.
Palladium and Platinum/Rhodium Dual-Catalyst NLEV and Tier IIa Close-Coupled Emission Solutions (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dual-monolith converters containing Pd-only catalysts followed by Pt/Rh three-way catalysts (TWCs) provide effective emission solutions for NLEV and Tier IIa close-coupled dual-bank V-8 applications due to optimal hydrocarbon and NOx light-off, transient NOx control, and balance of precious metal (PGM) usage. Dual-catalyst [Pd +Pt/Rh] systems on a 5.3L V-8 LEV light truck vehicle were characterized as a function of PGM loading, catalyst technology, and substrate cell density.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;NLEV hydrocarbon emission control of the 6500 lb vehicle was optimal using dual 1.2L converters with each containing front ceria-free Pd catalysts coupled with rear Pt/Rh TWCs. Advanced non-air prototype calibrations coupled with reduced catalyst washcoat mass on 600cpsi/4mil substrate resulted in minimal Pd usage of ∼0.02 toz/vehicle due to achieving catalyst inlet temperatures of 350-400°C in &amp;lt;10 sec on both banks of the V-8 engine. The lower mass Pd washcoat contribution was ∼10-15 mg/mi NMHC due to improved light-off performance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The more stringent Tier IIa NOx emission levels required larger converter volumes, higher Pd content, increased oxygen-storage capacity, and higher cell density 600cpsi/3mil substrates. Larger dual close-coupled 1.67L converters with front ceria-containing Pd catalysts substantially improved NOx performance during transient A/F excursions. The front Pd ceria-containing technology improved NOx by ∼20mg/mi compared to the ceria-free technology, but the ceria-free technology had ∼10mg/mi better NMHC control. The higher cell density 600cpsi/3mil substrate resulted in 10-15mg/mi lower NOx emissions.&lt;/div&gt;
Design of thermal interfaces with embedded microchannels to control bond line formation (2008)

Integrating microchannels at the thermal interfaces of heat sinks, spreaders, and microprocessor chips can reduce bond line thickness, assembly pressure, and overall thermal resistance. The channels help control the flow of particle-filled thermal interface materials (TIM) during the assembly squeeze but the relationship between channel geometry, material properties, and interfacial area is not fully understood. In the absence of meaningful analytical models, we develop a computational fluid dynamics approach to the non-Newtonian squeeze flow applied to rectangular 3D geometries. Experiments confirm the applicability of the models and illustrate the effect of viscoplasticity in highly loaded TIMs. Based on a first-principles thermal-fluidic model, the optimal width for a corner-to-corner channel is 608 mum for an 18times18 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip with 35 mum thick TIM bondline, or channel-to-chip size ratio of 0.068. Ongoing work will extend the technique to a general squeeze cell and multiple channel hierarchy levels for bond line optimization of high-performance thermal interface materials.
Deuterium MAS NMR Studies of Dynamics on Multiple Timescales: Histidine and Oxalic Acid (2014)

Deuterium ((2) H) magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance is applied to monitor the dynamics of the exchanging labile deuterons of polycrystalline L-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate-d7 and α-oxalic acid dihydrate-d6 . Direct experimental evidence of fast dynamics is obtained from T1Z and T1Q measurements. Further motional information is extracted from two-dimensional single-quantum (SQ) and double-quantum (DQ) MAS spectra. Differences between the SQ and DQ linewidths clearly indicate the presence of motions on intermediate timescales for the carboxylic moiety and the D2 O in α-oxalic acid dihydrate, and for the amine group and the D2 O in L-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate. Comparison of the relaxation rate constants of Zeeman and quadrupolar order with the relaxation rate constants of the DQ coherences suggests the co-existence of fast and slow motional processes.
Nitrogen‐Doped Holey Graphene as an Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High Volumetric Energy Density and Long Cycle Life (2015)

Nitrogen-doped holey graphene (N-hG) as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries has delivered a maximum volumetric capacity of 384 mAh cm(-3) with an excellent long-term cycling life up to 6000 cycles, and as an electrochemical capacitor has delivered a maximum volumetric energy density of 171.2 Wh L(-1) and a volumetric capacitance of 201.6 F cm(-3) .
Cell Death in Acromegalic Cardiomyopathy (1999)

Myocyte cell death, apoptotic and necrotic in nature, may be critical for the development of ventricular dysfunction and its progression to cardiac failure with acromegaly.
Physics with ultra-low energy antiprotons (1989)

The experimental observation that all forms of matter experience the same gravitational acceleration is embodied in the weak equivalence principle of gravitational physics. However no experiment has tested this principle for particles of antimatter such as the antiproton or the antihydrogen atom. Clearly the question of whether antimatter is in compliance with weak equivalence is a fundamental experimental issue, which can best be addressed at an ultra-low energy antiproton facility. This paper addresses the issue. 20 refs.
MR imaging in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: interobserver variation and efficacy for determining stage C disease. (1992)

Patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate confined to the gland (stage B) are candidates for a potentially curative surgical procedure (radical retropubic prostatectomy). However, patients with adenocarcinoma that penetrates the capsule or invades the seminal vesicles (stage C) are no longer considered good candidates for surgical cure of their disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of four radiologists to detect stage C disease on MR images and to evaluate interobserver variability. One hundred consecutive MR studies of the prostate were reviewed independently by four radiologists to determine whether the cancer was stage C (capsule penetration or seminal vesicle invasion by tumor). A radical prostatectomy was performed in each case, and careful histologic assessment was made of the prostatic capsule and seminal vesicles for any evidence of stage C disease. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (true-positive + true-negative/100 patients) in detecting stage C disease were calculated for each of the four readers. Four receiver-operating-characteristic curves were generated and compared by means of the univariate z score. Percentage agreement was calculated for five specific areas of the prostate on MR images, and observations made by the best reader were compared with the other three to help determine interreader variability. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of MR imaging in detecting stage C disease ranged from .24 to .61 (mean, .48) and .49 to .79 (mean, .66), respectively. The accuracy of MR imaging ranged from .47 to .61 (mean, .55). The univariate z score test showed that one of the readers significantly differed from the other three. The average percentage agreement between that reader and the other three was 70% for the five separate anatomic regions. This study shows that considerable interobserver variation exists in the interpretation of MR images for staging cancer of the prostate. The average accuracy among four radiologists in determining the presence of stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate from MR images was only slightly above a chance guess at .55.
X-ray structure of a DNA decamer containing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine. (1995)

We have determined the x-ray structure of a DNA fragment containing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (G(O)). The structure of the duplex form of d(CCAGOCGCTGG) has been determined to 1.6-A resolution. The results demonstrate that GO forms Watson-Crick base pairs with the opposite C and that G(O) is in the anti conformation. Structural perturbations induced by C.G(O)anti base pairs are subtle. The structure allows us to identify probable elements by which the DNA repair protein MutM recognizes its substrates. Hydrogen bond donors/acceptors within the major groove are the most likely element. In that groove, the pattern of hydrogen-bond donors/acceptors of C.G(O)anti is unique. Additional structural analysis indicates that conversion of G to G(O) would not significantly influence the glycosidic torsion preference of the nucleoside. There is no steric interaction of the 8-oxygen of G(O) with the phospho-deoxyribose backbone.
Synthesis of CuO Powder by Homogeneous Precipitation Process under Microwave Irradiation (2010)

We investigated the morphology of CuO powders synthesized by three processes: homogeneous precipitation, homogeneous precipitation under microwave irradiation, and heat treatment of precursor at 600°C. Homogeneous precipitation process was applied to a mixed aqueous solution of copper precursor complex, which was obtained from cupper nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine. The 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation to a precursor solution induced the formation of CuO powders with special morphology at 95°C in aqueous solution. Also the rapid formation of CuO from precursor by microwave was revealed in comparison with the processes without microwave irradiation.
Novel gap filling BARC with high chemical resistance (2017)

In the recent of the semiconductor manufacturing process, variety of properties (narrow gap-filling and planarity etc.) are required to organic BARC in addition to the conventional requirements. Moreover, SC-1 resistance is also needed because BARC is often used as a wet etching mask when TiN processing. But conventional BARC which include crosslinker doesn’t have enough SC-1 resistance, and we found that it is also difficult to obtain good gap-filling and good planarity because of outgassing and film shrinkage derived from the crosslinker. In this study, we have developed the new self-crosslinking BARC. The new crosslinking system shows low outgassing and film shrinkage because of not including crosslinker. So, novel BARC has better gap filling property and planarity and over 3 times higher SC-1 resistance than that of conventional BARC. Moreover, by adding the low molecular weight additive which has high adhesive unit to TiN surface, the novel BARC has over 10 times higher SC-1 resistance than that of conventional BARC. And this novel BARC can be applied both ArF and KrF lithography process because of broad absorbance, high etching rate, chemical resistance (SC-1, SC-2, DHF, and others) and good film thickness uniformity. In this paper, we will discuss the detail of new self-crosslinking BARC in excellent total performance and our approach to achieve high chemical resistance.
Effects of Nitrogen Doping on Basal Plane Dislocation Reduction in 8° Off-Cut 4H-SiC Epilayers (2011)

The effectiveness of an in-situ growth interrupt in nitrogen doped 8° off-cut epilayers was investigated using ultraviolet photoluminescence imaging. Low-doped n-type epilayers (&lt;1016 cm-3) exhibited an abrupt increase in BPD to TED conversion at the growth interrupt and achieved 96-99% conversion overall (&lt; 10 BPDs/cm-2), while high-doped epilayers had minimal conversion at the interrupt (&lt; 1%) and overall (&lt; 30%). This large discrepancy suggests nitrogen prohibits or alters the conversion mechanism at the growth interrupt. Therefore, a novel SEM technique was developed to "freeze-in" the interface morphology and help elucidate the conversion mechanism. Preliminary results suggest that preferential etching at the point of BPD intersection with the surface is greatly reduced in highly doped layers, which inhibits the conversion mechanism.
Atomic Force Microscopy Thermally-Assisted Microsampling with Atmospheric Pressure Temperature Ramped Thermal Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2017)

The use of atomic force microscopy controlled nanothermal analysis probes for reproducible spatially resolved thermally assisted sampling of micrometer-sized areas (ca. 11 × 17 μm wide × 2.4 μm deep) from relatively low number-average molecular weight (M<sub>n</sub> < 3000) polydisperse thin films of poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) is presented. Following sampling, the nanothermal analysis probes were moved up from the surface and the probe temperature ramped to liberate the sampled materials into the gas phase for atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass spectrometric analysis. The procedure and mechanism for material pickup, the sampling reproducibility and sampling size are discussed, and the oligomer distribution information available from slow temperature ramps versus ballistic temperature jumps is presented. For the M<sub>n</sub> = 970 P2VP, the M<sub>n</sub> and polydispersity index determined from the mass spectrometric data were in line with both the label values from the sample supplier and the value calculated from the simple infusion of a solution of polymer into the commercial atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source on this mass spectrometer. With a P2VP sample of higher M<sub>n</sub> (M<sub>n</sub> = 2070 and 2970), intact oligomers were still observed (as high as m/z 2793 corresponding to the 26-mer), but a significant abundance of thermolysis products were also observed. In addition, the capability for confident identification of the individual oligomers by slowly ramping the probe temperature and collecting data-dependent tandem mass spectra was also demonstrated. The material type limits to the current sampling and analysis approach as well as possible improvements in nanothermal analysis probe design to enable smaller area sampling and to enable controlled temperature ramps beyond the present upper limit of about 415 °C are also discussed.
Efficacy of vaccination against equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV‐1) infection: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled challenge trials (2022)

Meta-analysis has shown that EHV-1 vaccination generally results in a slight improvement in clinical and virological outcomes, although not to a significant extent. The cumulative results have probably been affected by the lack of information on some parameters not systematically reported in the studies. An improvement in the standard of reporting and better standardisation of the data collected would likely have improved the quality of each study and enabled more effective comparison of the studies with each other.
Design of an impedance measurement system for living cell impedance spectroscopy (2009)

This work presents a new systematic approach to design impedance measurement systems for living cell detection and monitoring. The hardware of the system was implemented in PCBs as a proof-of-concept. A DAC channel generates the required excitation signals to be applied onto the living cell and the current flowing through the cell is converted into voltage and digitized by an ADC channel. An FPGA is used to control the operation of the whole system while a LabVIEW program is written to provide a graphical user interface to control the system.
Tunnel magnetoresistance in textured Co2FeAl/MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junctions on a Si/SiO2 amorphous substrate (2011)

Magnetic tunnel junctions with B2-ordered Co2FeAl full Heusler alloy as a ferromagnetic electrode were fabricated by sputtering on thermally oxidized Si/SiO2 amorphous substrates. A Co2FeAl/MgO/Co50Fe50 structure showed a highly (001)-textured structure and the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 166% at room temperature and 252% at 48 K were achieved. The temperature dependence of TMR can be fitted with spin wave excitation model, and the bias voltage dependence of differential conductance demonstrated that the high TMR was mainly contributed by coherent tunneling. This work suggests the B2-Co2FeAl is one of the promising candidates for practical spintronic applications.
Severe generalized dystonia due to primary putaminal degeneration: Case report and review of the literature (2002)

Putaminal lesions of a variety of etiologies may cause secondary dystonia. We report on a case of primary putaminal degeneration as a cause of severe childhood-onset generalized dystonia and review the literature of the pathology of dystonia. A 44-year-old patient with severe generalized childhood-onset dystonia and macrocephaly underwent neurological evaluation and neuropathological examination. Neurological examination was normal apart from dystonia and signs referable to prior cryothalamotomy. Workup for metabolic and genetic causes of dystonia was negative. Neuroimaging showed severe bilateral putaminal degeneration, which subsequently correlated with the neuropathological findings of gliosis, spongiform degeneration, and cavitation. The substantia nigra pars compacta contained a normal number of neurons but decreased tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. There were no histopathological markers of other metabolic or degenerative diseases.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Exploring the Biomechanical Properties of Brain Malignancies and Their Pathologic Determinants <i>In Vivo</i> with Magnetic Resonance Elastography (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. Radiological presentation of intracranial U-87 MG, RG2 and MDA-MB-231 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
cis-4-Amino-l-proline Residue As a Scaffold for the Synthesis of Cyclic and Linear Endomorphin-2 Analogues: Part 2 (2012)

Recently, we reported synthesis and activity of a constrained cyclic analogue of endomorphin-2 (EM-2: Tyr- Pro-Phe-Phe-NH2) and related linear models containing the&#13;\ncis-4-amino-L-proline (cAmp) in place of native Pro2. In the present article, the adopted rationale is the possible modulation of the receptor affinity of the cAmp containing EM-2 analogues by assigning a different stereochemistry to the Phe3 and Phe4 residues present in the ring. Thus, eight more analogues with different absolute configuration at the chiral center of the aromatic residues in positions 3 and 4 have been synthesized and their opioid activity examined. The stereochemical change at the α-carbon atoms leads to a meaningful enhancement of the affinity and activity toward μ opioid receptors with respect to the prototype compound 9: e.g., 9a, Ki μ = 63 nM, GPI (IC50) = 480 nM; 9b, Ki&#13;\nμ = 38 nM, GPI (IC50) = 330 nM
The Chennai Pediatric Electrophysiology Symposium (TCPES 2010) Embryology of the Conduction System for the Electrophysiologist (2010)

It is critical for interventional electrophysiologists to thoroughly appreciate the topographic and developmental anatomy of the heart and its conduction system. Not only is understanding cardiac anatomy important to prevent complications from collateral damage and to help guide catheter placement, but developmental anatomy allows a deeper appreciation of the arrhythmogenic substrate. In this article, we briefly review the relevant stages of cardiac development for electrophysiologists. The potential location of normal and abnormal conduction patterns resulting from heterogeneous developmental origin is discussed.
Near-Infrared Absorption Gas Sensors using Metal-Organic Framework-Coated Optical Fibers (2015)

We report a near-infrared fiber-optic CO2 sensor with only 8-centimeter sensing length coated with nanoporous metal-organic framework materials. We achieved 500ppm detection limit with an overall response time of 40 seconds in a gas cell.