gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amniotic Fluid‐derived Stem Cells For Regeneration of Infracted Rat Myocardium (2009)

Objective This experiment was set to determine if human amniotic fluid‐derived stem (hAFS) cells could be differentiated into cardiac lineage, engraft into infarcted myocardium and affect heart function. Methods AFS cells were treated with 5‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine and analyzed for expression of cardiac markers by PCR and immunostaining. For in vivo study, 5 million cells were injected into hearts immediately after infarction. Heart function was monitered by echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic study. All hearts were analyzed 3 months after injection. Results Differentiated cells expressed cardiac Troponin I, Troponin T, Myosin light chain 2v, MEF2C, MEF2D and Nkx2.5. Undifferentiated and differentiated hAFS cells engraft into infarcted hearts. When compared to control, injection of undifferentiated cells reduced left ventricular end systolic diameter (p=0.098) and improving fractional shortening (p=0.074) while differentiated cells had opposite effect (p = 0.017 and 0.01). Conclusions The result indicates that hAFS cells can be differentiated into cardiac phenotype, engraft into infarcted myocardium and affecting cardiac function. Undifferentiated hAFS cells tend to improve cardiac function while differentiated cells worsen function. The reason for this difference remains unclear.
A Procedure for the Motion of Particle-Encapsulated Droplets in Microchannels (2007)

A fixed-grid approach for modeling the motion of a particle-encapsulated droplet carried by a pressure-driven immiscible carrier fluid in a microchannel is presented. Three phases (the carrier fluid, the droplet, and the particle) and two different moving boundaries (the droplet-carrier fluid and droplet-particle interfaces) are involved. This is a moving-boundaries problem with the motion of the three phases strongly coupled. In the present article, the particle is assumed to be a fluid of high viscosity and constrained to move with rigid body motion. A combined formulation using one set of governing equations to treat the three phases is employed. The droplet-carrier fluid interface is represented and evolved using a level-set method with a mass-correction scheme. Surface tension is modeled using the continuum surface force model. An additional signed distance function is employed to define the droplet-particle interface. Its evolution is determined from the particle motion governed by the Newton-Euler equations. The governing equations are solved numerically using a finite-volume method on a fixed Cartesian grid. For demonstration purposes, the flows of particle-encapsulated droplets through a constricted microchannel and through a microchannel system are presented.
<title>Advanced techniques for design assembly and characterization for the 14nm node with LFD using a black box API</title> (2012)

The need to quickly and flexibly characterize the design manufacturability increases as circuit design scales beyond the 22nm node. Improvements in design practices and design software are enabling this process. The use of carefully characterized design subunits (cells) in the general assembly of the chip is one way to ensure that products are optimized for these increasingly difficult lithographic process challenges. Additionally, software for assessing design robustness has been enhanced to deal with ever more complex resolution enhancement techniques. State of the art simulator and verification tool sets provide the necessary step of creating simulation contours and process variability bands upon which various checks can then be performed. The construction of these contours and bands is often hidden from the user as traditional single or double exposure processes of one or two masks are assumed to be used to create the final layout pattern.
Modeling and Control of Three-Port DC/DC Converter Interface for Satellite Applications (2009)

This paper presents the control strategy and power management for an integrated three-port converter, which interfaces one solar input port, one bidirectional battery port, and an isolated output port. Multimode operations and multiloop designs are vital for such multiport converters. However, control design is difficult for a multiport converter to achieve multifunctional power management because of various cross-coupled control loops. Since there are various modes of operation, it is challenging to define different modes and to further implement autonomous mode transition based on the energy state of the three power ports. A competitive method is used to realize smooth and seamless mode transition. Multiport converter has plenty of interacting control loops due to integrated power trains. It is difficult to design close-loop controls without proper decoupling method. A detailed approach is provided utilizing state-space averaging method to obtain the converter model under different modes of operation, and then a decoupling network is introduced to allow separate controller designs. Simulation and experimental results verify the converter control design and power management during various operational modes.
Proteomic but Not Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Technology Detects Amniotic Fluid Monomeric Calgranulins from Their Complexed Calprotectin Form (2005)

Four proteomic biomarkers (human neutrophil peptide 1 [HNP1], HNP2 [defensins], calgranulin C [Cal-C], and Cal-A) characterize the fingerprint of intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI). We compared proteomic technology using surfaced-enhanced laser desorption-ionization-time of flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of these biomarkers. Amniocentesis was performed on 48 women enrolled in two groups: those with intact membranes (n = 27; gestational age [GA], 26.0 +/- 0.8 weeks) and those with preterm premature rupture of the membranes (PPROM; n = 21; GA, 28.4 +/- 0.9 weeks). Paired abdominal amniotic fluids (aAFs)-vaginal AFs (vAFs) were analyzed in PPROM women. Quantitative aspects of HNP1-3, Cal-C, Cal-A, and calprotectin (a complex of Cal-A with Cal-B) were assessed by ELISA. SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry tracings from 16/48 (33.3%) aAFs and 13/17 (88.2%) vAFs were consistent with IAI (three or four biomarkers present). IAI (by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry) was associated with increased HNP1-3 and Cal-C measured by ELISA. However, immunoassays detected Cal-A in only 4 of the AFs even though its specific SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry peak was identified in 19/48 AFs. Calprotectin immunoreactivity was decreased in AFs retrieved from women with IAI (P = 0.01). In conclusion, IAI is associated with increased HNP1-3 levels. In the absence of isoform-specific ELISAs, mass spectrometry remains the only way to discriminate the HNP biomarker isoforms. Monomeric Cal-A is not reliably estimated by specific ELISA as it binds to Cal-B to form the calprotectin complex. Cal-C was reliably measured by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry or specific ELISA.
STROPE: A new species density gradient measurement technique (1984)

In this paper, we have demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally a new diagnostic technique for measuring directly the density gradients of a species. This striation slope technique has the virtues of being relatively simple in both conception and implementation, for although it uses the near-resonance refractive-index properties of the atoms or ions of interest it does not require an interferometric setup or a precisely tuned laser. Indeed, it only requires a broadband well-collimated source that spectrally straddles a resonance doublet of the species of interest. Consequently, this technique could be used at short wavelengths where laser interferometry is impractical.
Radio-Aware Multi-Connectivity Solutions based on Layer-4 Scheduling for Wi-Fi in IIoT Scenarios (2022)

Due to mobility and interference, using enterprise Wi-Fi for communication in industrial networks can result in control loop latencies exceeding 100 ms for at least 0.1% of the time, even in those cases where Wi-Fi handover-specific parameters have been optimized, making the technology unfit for Industrial IoT (IIoT) with strict communication reliability requirements. To improve its performance, this paper presents a novel approach towards the design and implementation of a radio-aware multi-connectivity concept using a layer-4 scheduling mechanism. Two packet scheduling mechanisms are presented: packet duplication and best path scheduling. A mobility coordinator scheme is used to improve the performance of the packet schedulers by preventing simultaneous handovers and ensures the STAs connect to different APs. By using this multi-connectivity solution, a significant performance improvement was observed, cutting down the latencies of the system to 30-80 ms at the 99.9%-ile of reliability (depending on the operational conditions). Furthermore, by applying the proposed schemes, Wi-Fi handovers delays can be fully mitigated allowing for true seamless roaming in mobile conditions.
Multi-Agent System Model of a BitTorrent Network (2008)

A peer to peer (P2P) computer network relies on direct connections between participants rather than conventional centralized resources. These networks are useful for many purposes, but the ldquokiller-apprdquo nowadays is file sharing. BitTorrent is a very popular protocol for this matter. In this paper we model a BitTorrent network as a multi-agent system. In it, each BitTorrent client is an agent that interacts with other agents and reacts autonomously, following some algorithms. Its objectives are downloading a content in the shortest time possible, and sharing it with other agents. The model is programmed in JADE, a software framework in Java language for agent development. The model has been validated by initial tests, and it was used to study the behavior of BitTorrent networks in diverse situations hard to test in a real network.
Determine perceptual laser modulation threshold for embedding sinusoidal signature in electrophotographic half-toned images (2007)

Printer identification based on a printed document can provide forensic information to protect copyright and verify authenticity. In addition to intrinsic features (intrinsic signatures) of the printer, modulating the printing process to embed specific signatures (extrinsic signatures) will further extend the encoding capacity and utility. One of the key issues with embedding extrinsic signature is the embedded signature should not be detectable by the human observer but is detectable using a matched sensing device and detection algorithm. In this paper, we will investigate the modeling and experimental characterization of the EP process to obtain the modulation threshold such that the embedding signatures are below human visual threshold. An empirical model is established and a heuristic functional inverse is used to obtain the process modulation threshold.
Renal disease related to Waldenström macroglobulinaemia: incidence, pathology and clinical outcomes (2016)

The incidence and prognostic impact of nephropathy related to Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is currently unknown. We performed a retrospective study to assess biopsy-confirmed WM-related nephropathy in a cohort of 1391 WM patients seen at a single academic institution. A total of 44 cases were identified, the estimated cumulative incidence was 5·1% at 15 years. There was a wide variation in kidney pathology, some directly related to the WM: amyloidosis (n = 11, 25%), monoclonal-IgM deposition disease/cryoglobulinaemia (n = 10, 23%), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma infiltration (n = 8, 18%), light-chain deposition disease (n = 4, 9%) and light-chain cast nephropathy (n = 4, 9%), and some probably related to the WM: thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) (n = 3, 7%), minimal change disease (n = 2, 5%), membranous nephropathy (n = 1, 2%) and crystal-storing tubulopathy (n = 1, 2%). The median overall survival in patients with biopsy-confirmed WM-related nephropathy was 11·5 years, shorter than for the rest of the cohort (16 years, P = 0·03). Survival was better in patients with stable or improved renal function after treatment (P = 0·05). Based on these findings, monitoring for renal disease in WM patients should be considered and a kidney biopsy pursued in those presenting with otherwise unexplained renal failure and/or nephrotic syndrome.
On-chip optical quantum memory at telecom wavelengths (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Optical quantum memories will enable technologies including long distance quantum communication and modular quantum computing. Rare earth ion doped crystals provide an excellent solid state platform for optical quantum memories. Among rare earths, erbium is particularly appealing due to its long-lived telecom-wavelength resonance, allowing integration with silicon photonics and with existing optical communication technology and infrastructure. We present an on-chip all-optical quantum memory at telecom wavelengths using a nanobeam photonic crystal cavity fabricated directly in erbium-167 doped yttrium orthosilicate. Using an atomic frequency comb protocol, we store coherent pulses for memory times as long as 10 µs, albeit with low efficiency. For shorter memory times, we achieve a memory efficiency of 0.4%, which is limited by the coupling rate between the resonator and the ensemble of ions. By working at dilution refrigerator temperatures, we are able to access a regime where the ions have long optical coherence times and good spectral holeburning properties using only a moderate magnetic field applied with permanent magnets. We characterize the multimode properties and fidelity of the quantum memory in this device, and outline a path toward higher efficiency.
Design, Synthesis, Structural and Textural Characterization, and Electrical Properties of Mesoporous Thin Films Made of Rare Earth Oxide Binaries (2009)

Ceria-based oxides are of interest as electrolyte and electrode materials in intermediate-temperature solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFCs). A sol−gel strategy has been developed for the production of mesoporous, nanostructured, single phase Ln0.1Ce0.9O2, Ln = La, Y, Sm, Gd, Dy thin films. The ceria-based mesoporous thin films exhibit high specific area, periodic through-connected networks of mesopores (∼20 nm), and continuous networks of nonagglomerated nanoparticles (15 nm). Calcination at relatively mild temperature for this oxide (300 °C) converts the amorphous films to nanocrystalline fluorine Ln0.1Ce0.9O2. Although densified during calcination, the mesoporous nanoarchitectures retain porosity, high surface area, and limited particle agglomeration. The electrical properties of mesoporous thin films are evaluated from 400 to 500 °C in air. The conductivity of these mesoporous thin films is comparable to the one observed for dense ceramic containing particles in the nanometer range, reflecting that the interparticulate junctions are not restrictive for the transport of oxide-ion vacancies. A high degree of interconnectivity has been established between the nanocrystallites (<15 nm) in these mesoporous thin films, yielding electroceramic films where the grain boundaries are not restrictive for the oxygen ion transport. This study provides processing guideline to achieve fabrication of 3-D mesostructured thin films for efficient interface in SOFC.
In vitroAntimyxovirus and Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activities of Polyoxometalates (1995)

Polyoxometalates have been shown to inhibit the replication of retro-, toga-, paramyxo- and herpesviruses. The primary mechanism of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) action of polyoxometalates seems to be inhibition of binding of virus to cells and inhibition of syncytium formation. Since myxoviruses and HIV-1 are known to interact with the cytoplasmic membrane by adsorption and penetration of virus and by fusion of infected and uninfected cells, 25 polyoxometalates were examined for anti-ortho-, anti-paramyxovirus and anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro. Of the 25 compounds evaluated, 24 showed antiviral effects against influenza virus A, 11 showed activity against respiratory syncytial virus, six showed activity against measles virus, and 23 were considered effective against HIV-1 at a lower concentration than that producing cytotoxicity. Four polyoxotungstates which had potent inhibitory effects were examined for inhibitory effects against additional ortho- and paramyxoviruses, and proved to have a broad spectrum of antimyxoviral activity. HS-058, the Keggin sandwich compound K 10 Fe 4 (H 2 O) 2 (PW 9 O 34 ) 2 ·nH 2 O, was inhibitory against influenza viruses A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, and parainfluenza virus 2, with median effective concentrations of 1.4, 21.8, 7.4, 0.8 and 0.32 μ,M, respectively. However, HS-058 had no effect on parainfluenza virus 3 or mumps virus. The median cytotoxic concentration of HS-058 for Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and HEp-2 cells was more than 200 μM and that for HMV-2 and Vero cells was about 50 μM. When HS-058 was added at different times after influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus infection, it inhibited binding of the latter but not of the former to cells. However, at higher concentrations, HS-054 and HS-058 inhibited haemolysis of chick erythrocytes by influenza virus and syncytium formation involving respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells and uninfected cells. Four times the median effective antiviral concentration of HS-058 completely inhibited the growth of influenza virus A in MDCK cells when compound was added before virus adsorption. Furthermore, when HS-058 was added after virus adsorption, it inhibited the yield of virus in MDCK cells infected at low but not at high multiplicity of infection.
Narrow Width Dynamic Scheduling (2007)

To satisfy the demand for higher performance, modern processors are designed with a high degree of speculation. While speculation enhances performance, it burns power unnecessarily. The cache, store queue, and load queue are accessed associatively before a matching entry is determined. A significant amount of power is wasted to search entries that are not picked. Modern processors speculatively schedule instructions before operand values are computed, since cycle-time demands preclude inclusion of a full ALU and bypass network delay in the instruction scheduling loop. Hence, the latency of load instructions must be predicted since it cannot be determined within the scheduling pipeline. Whenever mispredictions occur due to an unanticipated cache miss, a significant amount of power is wasted by incorrectly issued dependent instructions. This paper exploits the prevalence of narrow operand values by placing fast, narrow ALUs, cache, and datapath within the scheduling loop. The results of this narrow datapath are used to avoid unnecessary activity in the rest of the execution core by creating opportunities to use different energy reduction techniques. A novel approach for transforming the data cache, store queue, and load queue from associative (or set-associative) to direct mapped saves a significant amount of
Applying Adaptive Control and Display Characteristics to Future Air Force Crew Stations (2001)

The Human Effectiveness Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory is developing and evaluating human-machine interface concepts to enhance overall weapon system performance by embedding knowledge of the operator's state inside the interface, enabling the interface to make informed, automated decisions regarding many of the interface's information management display characteristics. Some of these characteristics include information modality, spatial arrangement, and temporal organization. By increasing the ability of the interface to respond, or adapt, to the changing requirements of the human operator in real time-in essence closing the loop-the interface provides intuitive information management to the operator and provides real-time human engineering.
Treatment of otitis media by transtympanic delivery of antibiotics (2016)

Otitis media is the most common reason U.S. children receive antibiotics. The requisite 7- to 10-day course of oral antibiotics can be challenging to deliver in children, entails potential systemic toxicity, and encourages selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. We developed a drug delivery system that, when applied once to the tympanic membrane through the external auditory canal, delivers an entire course of antimicrobial therapy to the middle ear. A pentablock copolymer poloxamer 407-polybutylphosphoester (P407-PBP) was designed to flow easily during application and then to form a mechanically strong hydrogel on the tympanic membrane. U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved chemical permeation enhancers within the hydrogel assisted flux of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin across the membrane. This drug delivery system completely eradicated otitis media from nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) in 10 of 10 chinchillas, whereas only 62.5% of animals receiving 1% ciprofloxacin alone had cleared the infection by day 7. The hydrogel system was biocompatible in the ear, and ciprofloxacin was undetectable systemically (in blood), confirming local drug delivery and activity. This fast-gelling hydrogel could improve compliance, minimize side effects, and prevent systemic distribution of antibiotics in one of the most common pediatric illnesses, possibly minimizing the development of antibiotic resistance.
Stellar Interferometry in Space - Science and Strategy (1988)

Particularly for imaging applications, and to a lesser extent for astrometry, the design of a spacecraft interferometer has a direct influence on the range of scientific problems that the instrument may address.
Analysis of the degree of practically achievable superdirectivity using poynting streamline method (2017)

Streamlines of Poynting vector fields and antenna effective area shapes provide a unique way to understand the physics of a receiving superdirective antenna. Superdirectivity is implemented by expanding the effective area shape from the border of the antenna physical aperture. Considering using a resonant structure in font of an aperture antenna, under the same resonant element density, the expanded distance of the effective area shape keeps the same for different antenna aperture sizes and shapes. Based on this assumption, superdirectivity is practical for electrically small and middle size antennas and electrically large antennas with a large aspect ratio. A superdirective horn antenna with 115% aperture efficiency was experimentally demonstrated.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized 1,5-Cyclononadienes by Intramolecular Cycloalkylation under ,′-Diallyl Coupling (2000)

Monocarbocyclic nine-membered rings can be enantioselectively accessed by deprotonation of (Z,Z)-dienyl carbamates 1 and subsequent intramolecular α,α′-coupling to furnish the cyclononadienols 2 (R=H: 73% yield, e.r.=96:4; R=OSiPh2tBu: 79% yield, e.r.=100:0, d.r.=94:6). Cby=2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-ylcarbonyl, Cb=diisopropylaminocarbonyl.
Algorithm Design for Performance Aware VM Consolidation (2013)

Consolidation of multiple workloads, encapsulated in virtual machines (VMs), can significantly improve efficiency in cloud infrastructures. But consolidation also introduces contention in shared resources such as the memory hierarchy, leading to degraded VM performance. To avoid such degradation, the current practice is to not pack VMs tightly and leave a large fraction of server resource unused. This is wasteful. We present a performance preserving VM consolidation system that selectively places those VMs together that are likely to have the least contention. This drastically reduces the amount of wasted resources. While the problem of selecting the most suitable VM combinations is NP-Complete, our system employs a practical method that performs provably close to the optimal. In some scenarios resource efficiency may trump performance and our system also implements techniques for this case. Experimental results show that the proposed system realizes over 30% savings in energy costs and up to 52 % reduction in performance degradation compared to consolidation algorithms that do not consider degradation. 1