gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity in human mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis (1995)

CD8+ T cells and lysis of parasitized macrophages seem to be important in the resistance to murine leishmaniasis. In the present study, we evaluated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) from patients with either cutaneous (CL) or mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis in cell lysis assays using 51-Cr-labeled Daudi or K562 cells, or autologous antigen-pulsed macrophages as targets. Results are reported as lytic units (number of cells required for 30% lysis) per million PBMC. Exposure of patient PBMC (n = 12) to lysate from Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes led to an increase in cytotoxic activity compared to unstimulated patient cells against Daudi (81.8 +/- 14.9 vs 13.6 +/- 5 lytic units (LU) per million PBMC; mean +/- SEM) and K562 (65.7 +/- 8.4 vs 13.1 +/- 5 LU/10(6) PBMC). ML had higher responses than CL in both targets (80.4 +/- 11.0 vs 46.4 +/- 11.6 LU/10(6) PBMC for K562, and 104.3 +/- 23.8 vs 59.3 +/- 14.3 LU/10(6) PBMC for Daudi). Normal control PBMC, stimulated with L. amazonensis antigen had 6.32 +/- 3.72 LU/10(6) PBMC against Daudi cells and 9.06 +/- 2.78 LU/10(6) PBMC against K562. The cell responsible for lysis of the K562 cells was characterized as NK, by means of cell separation employing magnetic beads coupled to antibodies. Addition of recombinant TGF-beta or recombinant human IL-10 reduced L. amazonensis-induced cytotoxicity by 90% and 70%, respectively. Cytotoxicity of antigen-stimulated PBMC was also demonstrated against autologous L. amazonensis antigen-pulsed macrophages in the range of 6.7 to 41.7 LU/10(6) PBMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reaction of Mucochloric and Mucobromic Acids with Adenosine and Cytidine:  Formation of Chloro- and Bromopropenal Derivatives (1996)

Mucochloric (MCA) and mucobromic acid (MBA)--bacterial mutagens and water disinfection byproducts--were reacted with adenosine, cytidine, and guanosine in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). In the MCA reaction with adenosine and cytidine and in the MBA reaction with adenosine one major product was formed. In the reactions of MBA with cytidine and in the reactions of MCA and MBA with guanosine only trace levels of products could be detected, and these were not further characterized. The products from the adenosine and cytidine reactions were isolated by preparative chromatography on octadecylsilane columns and structurally characterized by UV absorbance, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The products were identified as 3-(N6-adenosinyl)-2-chloro-2-propenal (MClA), 3-(N6-adenosinyl)-2-bromo-2-propenal (MBrA), and 3-(N4-cytidinyl)-2-chloro-2-propenal (MClC). The yields of MClA, MBrA, and MClC were 19, 4 and 7 mol %, respectively. These halopropenal derivatives were formed also in reactions carried out in aqueous solutions at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C at low yields, about 5 x 10(-3)%. The mechanism of formation of the halopropenal derivatives and of the previously identified etheno and ethenocarbaldehyde derivatives was elucidated by reacting 13C-3 labeled MCA with adenosine in DMF and in water. The location of the labeled carbon in the products was determined from the 13 C NMR spectra. It was concluded that the halopropenal derivatives were formed by mechanisms that differ completely from the one responsible for the formation of the propenal adducts (M1A and M1C) previously reported to be formed in reactions of malonaldehyde with adenosine and cytidine.
Effect of La Doping on NiCr 2 O 4 Properties and Catalytic Applications toward Decolorization of 4-Nitrophenol (2022)

We report the successful synthesis of urea as a fuel for low-temperature microwave combustion-based synthesis of NiCr 2 O 4 and La-doped NiCr 2 O 4 . Synthesis parameters include the kind of precursor, fuel, and container, as well as how external heat is provided to achieve the combustion reaction. Crystal structures, morphology, surface area, solar cells, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, and catalytic activity were used to characterize the products. No impurities phase formed in the as-synthesized NiCr 2 O 4 sample, confirmed by XRD. Surface area was measured with a Brunauer–Emmet–Teller adsorption isotherm. Schottky and Frenkel formation energies have been investigated. This demonstrates the time needed for full decolorization of 4-Nitrophenol (yellow color) by NiCr 2 O 4 and La-doped NiCr 2 O 4 . The La-doped NiCr 2 O 4 (0.03%) showed the greatest catalytic activity compared to pristine and other La-doped NiCr 2 O 4 . The decolorization occurs in 10 min. The chemical hardness and surface area of the chromites appear to be important in determining catalytic performance. For multi oxide systems, the counter-doped ions in the A and B sites may alter the metal ion-oxide bond, promoting this partial oxidation process at the interface. The results suggest multiple research subjects focusing on such materials for the future.
Numerical simulations of piezoelectric MEMS energy harvesters (2014)

The application of piezoelectric materials in MEMS energy harvesters is continuously increasing, with the immediate corollary of a fundamental need for improved computational tools in order to optimize the performances at the design level. In this paper, a refined, yet simple model is proposed with the aim of providing fast and insightful solutions to the multi-physics problem of piezoelectric energy harvesting. The main objective is to retain a simple structural model (Euler-Bernoulli beam), with the inclusion of effects connected to the actual three-dimensional shape of the device. A thorough presentation of the analytical model is presented, along with its validation by comparison with the results of full 3D computations.
Expanding Pd-Catalyzed C−N Bond-Forming Processes:  The First Amidation of Aryl Sulfonates, Aqueous Amination, and Complementarity with Cu-Catalyzed Reactions [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 6653−6655]. (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionExpanding Pd-Catalyzed C−N Bond-Forming Processes: The First Amidation of Aryl Sulfonates, Aqueous Amination, and Complementarity with Cu-Catalyzed Reactions [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2003, 125, 6653−6655].Xiaohua Huang, Kevin W. Anderson, Danilo Zim, Lei Jiang, Artis Klapars, and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 35, 10767Publication Date (Web):August 8, 2003Publication History Published online8 August 2003Published inissue 1 September 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja033450ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja033450acorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2765Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (10 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of α‐Aryl‐Substituted and Conformationally Restricted Fosmidomycin Analogues as Promising Antimalarials (2006)

Abstract Fosmidomycin represents a new antimalarial drug that acts by inhibition of 1‐deoxy‐ D ‐xylulose 5‐phosphate reductoisomerase, an essential enzyme of the mevalonate‐independent pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. This work describes the synthesis of a series of α‐aryl‐substituted fosmidomycin analogues that exhibit improved antimalarial activity. A linear synthetic route involving a 3‐aryl‐3‐phosphorylpropanal intermediate proved practical to prepare these derivatives. A phospha‐Michael addition to cyclopent‐2‐enone gave access to conformationally restricted analogues. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Questionnaires based evaluation of teaching and learning methods among MBBS, BDS and Nursing students. (2022)

Objective: To compare the conventional ways of teaching to new teaching methodologies thus finding their efficacy. It also highlights the significance of incorporating technology into teaching thereby creating a rich learning experience for students. Study Design: Cross-sectional Survey. Setting: Different Medical and Nursing Colleges and Universities of Punjab, Pakistan; Faisalabad Medical University Faisalabad, University Medical and Dental College Faisalabad, Ameer-ud-din Medical College Lahore, Nishtar Medical and Dental College Multan, Shareef Medical and Dental College, Continental Medical College Lahore. Period: June 2020 to August 2020. Material &amp; Methods: Was conducted amongst 1600 medical, dental and nursing students from various medical and dental colleges across Pakistan. A questionnaire was circulated among students after briefing them about the objective of the study. Result: Out of 1600, 816 were MBBS students, 715 were BDS and 69 were nursing students. About various teaching methods, 53% in MBBS, 56.78% in BDS and 30.43% of nursing students were aware about new teaching methodologies. Tutorials were least known by MBBS students, online classes for BDS students whereas both methods of teaching were least popular amongst nursing students. A significant percentage of students were more in favor of group discussion as an effective method of teaching. Conclusion: This study concluded that student-centered learning should be focused on and new technologies should be incorporated in order to make medical education more interactive and interesting.
Design and lifetime analysis of a DSCC-MMC STATCOM (2017)

The modular multilevel converters (MMCs) has been employed in several applications as HVDC systems, energy storage, renewable energy, electrical drives and STATCOMs. In STATCOM application, the converter needs to compensate negative sequence components and unbalanced currents. Nevertheless, the design proposed in the literature considers only positive sequence compensation. Since the STATCOM is submitted to a variety of current stresses, the reliability analysis is strongly recommended. Therefore this work presents a lifetime analysis and a design methodology considering both positive and negative sequence reactive power compensation. A case study considering a 7 MVA MMC STATCOM is analyzed in order to validate the proposed design. The lifetime consumption of the power modules employed is evaluated considering a mission profile acquired from a factory in southeastern of Brazil. Two IGBT solutions (with different current rating) are compared. The results indicate that doubling the power modules rated current increase the initial cost less than 60%, on the other hand, the converter lifetime can increase until 3.6 times and the losses are reduced in 4.4%.
Mitochondrial DNA Content Increase in Response to Cigarette Smoking (2006)

An increase in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and decline in mitochondrial function occurs with aging and in response to DNA-damaging agents, including tobacco smoke. We did a cross-sectional study and quantified changes in mtDNA content in a population of individuals with varied smoking and alcohol exposure. Age, smoking history, ethanol intake, and other demographic data were characterized for 604 individuals participating in a screening study for smoking-related upper aerodigestive malignancy. Total DNA was extracted from exfoliated cells in saliva. DNA from a nuclear gene, beta-actin, and two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase I and II (Cox I and Cox II), were quantified by real-time PCR. mtDNA content was correlated with age, exposure history, and other variables using multivariate regression analyses. A significant increase (P<0.001) in mtDNA content was noted in smokers (31% and 29% increase for Cox I and Cox II, respectively) and former smokers (31% and 34%) when compared with never smokers. This association persisted after adjustment for other significant factors including age, alcohol drinking, and income (P<0.001). Increased mtDNA content was positively associated with pack-years of smoking (P=0.02). Despite an average smoking cessation interval of 21 years in former smokers, tobacco cessation interval was not statistically significantly associated with mtDNA content. Smoking is associated with increased mtDNA content in a dose-dependent fashion. Mitochondrial DNA alterations in response to smoking persist for several decades after smoking cessation, consistent with long-term, smoking-related damage.
Time-of-flight high-mass spectrometer observation of large size Nb clusters toward assembling of size controlled clusters (1999)

Using a plasma-gas-condensation-type cluster source, we could obtain nano-scale clusters with the average diameter between 2 and 13 nm. In order to detect such large free clusters containing 1–105 atoms, we have constructed a time-of-flight high-mass spectrometer (TOF-HMS). The size distribution of the Nbn clusters observed by the TOF-HMS is in good agreement with the result of the transmission electron microscope observation. The mass spectra have been measured with varying the operational parameters of the cluster source. They are shifted to the smaller size direction and the mass distribution becomes narrower with increasing the He gas flow rate, VHe, and keeping the Ar gas flow rate, VAr, constant. These features are attributable to the decrease in the residence times of gaseous species in the cluster source. The cluster size increases with increasing the Ar gas pressure and lowering the temperature of the cluster source.
Saddle-point integration of $C_\infty$ "bump" functions (2015)

This technical note describes the application of saddle-point integration to the asymptotic Fourier analysis of the well-known $C_\infty$ "bump" function $\exp[-(1-x^2)^{-1}]$, deriving both the asymptotic decay rate $k^{-3/4} \exp(-\sqrt k)$ of the Fourier transform $F(k)$ and the exact coefficient. The result is checked against brute-force numerical integration and is extended to generalizations of this bump function.
Effects of repeated waist-pull perturbations on gait stability in subjects with cerebellar ataxia (2019)

Our results revealed that participants with cerebellar ataxia could still rely on their learning capability to modify the gait towards a safer behavior. However, they could not take advantage from their residual learning capability while managing sudden and unexpected perturbations. Accordingly, the proposed training paradigm can be considered as a promising approach to improve balance control during steady walking in these individuals.
Personalized warning signals for depressive relapse: A qualitative study (2021)

Introduction An important aspect of depression relapse prevention programs is identifying personalized warning signals (PWS). These PWS are typically defined as depressive symptoms. Yet, no study has investigated to what extend PWS fit within the diagnostic classification framework, and how this compares to a more transdiagnostic, integrative approach towards depression. Objectives To examine how well PWS reflect depressive symptoms, describe the remaining PWS, and examine how well PWS can be assigned to domains of an existing transdiagnostic and integrative framework, the positive health concept. Methods 162 PWS of 66 individuals with a history of depression were labeled as one or more symptoms of depression or to a residual category. The same process was repeated for labeling the domains of the positive health model. Labeling was done by three independent reviewers (inter-rater percent agreement: symptoms: 0.83 &amp; positive health domains: 0.73). Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Results The three most commonly reported depressive symptoms were insomnia/hypersomnia, anhedonia and fatigue/loss of energy. However, sixty-five percent of the PWS were not depressive symptoms, but other symptoms (e.g. irritability, rumination) or aspects of functioning (e.g. withdrawing, managing time). The positive health domains captured all the PWS. However, 44% of PWS were labeled as multiple positive health domains, whereas labeling as symptoms of depression resulted in almost no such overlap. Conclusions A more transdiagnostic and integrative approach seems necessary to capture PWS. Depending on one’s purpose, one may consider expanding the definition with other symptoms and aspects of functioning, or using the positive health concept.
Microparticles in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: effect on endothelial barrier function (2014)

Plasma microparticles should be considered not only as markers of early stages of MS, but also as pathological factors with the potential to increase endothelial permeability and leukocyte infiltration.
Image rendering for digital fax (2003)

Conventional halftoning methods such as error diffusion and ordered dithering are poorly suited to the compression of halftone images using the baseline fax compression schemes CCITT G3 and G4. This paper proposes an efficient and flexible solution for binary representation of mixed content documents using CCITT G3/G4 compression. The solution includes two variations which we refer to as FastFax and ReadableFax. FastFax performs edge detection and text detection by applying locally adaptive binary thresholding and combines the two detection results together. The FastFax algorithm produces an accurate representation of binary mixed document content with high compressibility using CCITT G3/G4 compression. ReadableFax is based on FastFax and applies clustered dot screening to background and halftone regions to enhance graphic content. Both methods provide accurate representation of image content while allowing for substantial compressibility, and provide a tradeoff between representation quality and bit rate.
Design and performance impact of long cyclic prefixes for eMBMS in LTE networks (2016)

Enhanced-Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) technology enables Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks to provide an efficient delivery of broadcast services. When eMBMS is applied for TV broadcast over large areas, the durations of Cyclic Prefixes (CPs) in the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project standard limit the network deployment options that can be used in practice. This paper considers alternative - scaled - LTE frame structures which support longer CPs. A systematic approach is derived for specifying the Reference Symbol (RS) design for the alternative frame structures. The approach takes into account the channel coherence bandwidth and time, the RS spacing needed to support channel estimation and the maximum user equipment velocity that the system can support. Finally, the resulting spectrum efficiency is analyzed for two different network deployment types as a function of inter-site distance, transmit power and CP length. The approach provides a simple one-pass design cycle without iterations, allowing a quick evaluation of key system parameters and trade-offs early in the design process.
A randomized art-gallery algorithm for sensor placement (2001)

This paper descirbes a placement strategy to compute a set of “good” locations where visual sensing will be most effective. Throughout this paper it is assumed that a {\em polygonal 2-D map} of a workspace is given as input. This polygonal map --- also known as a {\em floor plan} of {\em layout} --- is used to compute a set of locations where expensive sensing tasks (such as 3-D image acquisition) could be executed. A map-building robot, for example, can visit these locations in order to build a full 3-D model of the workspace.
Measurement of Thermodynamic Interactions in Ternary Polymer Blends by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (1997)

The feasibility of evaluating thermodynamic interactions between polymer species by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements on ternary blends was investigated. Results were analyzed for two ternary systems of saturated hydrocarbon polymers by means of the multicomponent random phase approximation (RPA) as applied to the Flory−Huggins (FH) model. In one ternary blendhead-to-tail polypropylene, head-to-head polypropylene, and a saturated polyisoprene with 50% 3,4 contentthe interaction coefficient X(T) had been determined independently by SANS measurements on binary blends for all three component pair combinations, permitting a direct test of internal consistency for the ternary RPA. The ternary blend data were found to agree well with RPA predictions despite some highly unusual behavior among its binaries, including negative values of X(T) for saturated hydrocarbon pairs. In the other ternary blendthree statistical copolymers of ethylene (E) and 1-butene (B) with different E−B compositionsvalues of X(T) were available for only two of the binaries, the third pair being immiscible over the range of available temperatures. The SANS data for the ternary blend were used to evaluate the interaction coefficient for the third pair. The interaction coefficients obtained were smaller than values calculated from previously assigned solubility parameters, a result that is disappointing although nonetheless still consistent with results obtained for other strongly interacting pairs.
Shift Invariant Correlation using the Hybrid Optoelectronic Correlator with a PQ:PMMA Holographic Memory Device (2021)

We demonstrate the incorporation of a PQ:PMMA holographic memory device into the hybrid optoelectronic correlator architecture. This will serve as a high-speed optical storage medium, allowing us to improve the correlation speed.