gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of extremely miniaturized medical sensors by IR laser dicing (2010)

A microchip separation process operating by pulsed-wave IR laser irradiation was applied to microviscosimeters that are intended to operate as glucose sensors for continuous monitoring of blood sugar levels in diabetics. After its technological preparation the sensor should no more dry up, since the retreating water would stick a movable cantilever to the ground plate and thereby plastically deform the sensor's micromechanics. The cooling-free IR laser dicing process was thus chosen for the separation. It is shown that virtually particle free dices with lateral dimension down to some 100 μm could be prepared. The process is concluded to enable the dry, fast and clean separation of MEMS devices.
Activation of IL 1-dependent and IL 1-independent T cell lines by calcium ionophore and phorbol ester. (1986)

We have studied the activation of interleukin 1 (IL 1)-dependent and IL 1-independent T cell lines, specifically their capacity to produce and secrete interleukin 2 (IL 2). The IL 1-dependent T cell lymphoma LBRM33-1A5.47, which requires phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and IL 1 to produce IL 2, was compared with the IL 1-independent T cell lymphoma LBRM33-5A4 and T cell hybridomas DO-11.10/S4.4 and 3DO-54.8. The latter hybridomas do not require exogenous IL 1 to produce IL 2 in response to mitogens or ovalbumin (OVA)/I-Ad. Even though IL 1 is not required by these IL 1-independent T cell lines, we tested whether IL 1 could modulate their response but found no significant effect of exogenous IL 1. We then studied the activation of these T cell lines by the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). In the case of the IL 1-dependent line LBRM33-1A5.47, there was a strong response when both A23187 and PMA were used simultaneously. We subsequently found that A23187 can replace PHA, and PMA can replace IL 1 in the activation of this cell line to IL 2 production. These observations suggest that the signal(s) provided by PHA and IL 1 involve at least in part a calcium flux, and activation of protein kinase C. Parallel experiments with the use of the IL 1-independent T cell lines showed a strong response to both agents when used simultaneously. A modest response observed to A23187 alone was always enhanced by the addition of PMA. No response was observed to PMA alone. IL 1-rich P388D1 supernatant could replace the enhancing effect of PMA in the response of the IL 1-independent T cell lines. We suggest that the activating signals provided by A23187 and PMA are at least part of the sequence of events that lead to production of IL 2 in either IL 1-dependent or IL 1-independent T cell lines. In IL 1-independent T cell lines, however, both of the activating signals studied may be delivered through stimulation of the Antigen-MHC T cell receptor.
Synthesis of ferrocene amides and esters from aminoferrocene and 2-substituted ferrocenecarboxylic acid and properties thereof (2016)

The X-ray diffraction structure of the ferrocene ester <bold>FcE-1</bold> showed the presence of an intermolecular hydrogen bond between the amide functional groups.
Applications of diffractive optics to diode laser arrays and amplifiers (1995)

This paper reviews applications of diffractive optics to optical resonators using diode laser arrays and wide-stripe diode-laser amplifiers as the gain medium. The mode profile can be tailored to any desirable shape by proper design of the diffractive optics. By optimizing additional cavity parameters, these resonators can be designed to discriminate against higher- order cavity modes, insuring single-spatial-mode operation. As a first example, we show a diffractive laser mirror designed to excite a uniform-intensity supermode of an AlGaAs laser array. The effect of varying the phase of this array on modal discrimination is studied. In the second example, a laser mirror is designed to produce a super-Gaussian beam profile in a wide-stripe semiconductor laser amplifier. Two-and-eight-tenths watts of diffraction-limited optical power is obtained.
Astrocytes propel neurovascular dysfunction during cerebral cavernous malformation lesion formation (2021)

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common neurovascular lesions caused by loss-of-function mutations in 1 of 3 genes, including KRIT1 (CCM1), CCM2, and PDCD10 (CCM3), and generally regarded as an endothelial cell-autonomous disease. Here we reported that proliferative astrocytes played a critical role in CCM pathogenesis by serving as a major source of VEGF during CCM lesion formation. An increase in astrocyte VEGF synthesis is driven by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) generated as a consequence of KLF2- and KLF4-dependent elevation of eNOS in CCM endothelium. The increased brain endothelial production of NO stabilized HIF-1α in astrocytes, resulting in increased VEGF production and expression of a "hypoxic" program under normoxic conditions. We showed that the upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a direct HIF-1α target gene and a known component of the hypoxic program, contributed to the development of CCM lesions because the administration of a COX-2 inhibitor significantly prevented the progression of CCM lesions. Thus, non-cell-autonomous crosstalk between CCM endothelium and astrocytes propels vascular lesion development, and components of the hypoxic program represent potential therapeutic targets for CCMs.
Effect of Ligand Treatment on the Tuning of Infrared Plasmonic Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystal Electrochromic Devices (2020)

Electrochromic devices operating in the near infrared are being developed as a part of smart windows that can dynamically modulate visible light and heat transmittance of solar irradiation, dependent on weather conditions and personal preferences. Here, doped metal oxide nanocrystals are used to obtain the desired effect in the infrared spectral region. Specifically, the infrared transmittance is electrochemically modulated by control of the carrier concentration in the nanocrystals. While indium tin oxide nanocrystals are already known to provide this effect, the consequence of ligand treatment during preparation of the nanocrystal electrode on the electrochromic properties is studied. The type of ligand treatment is shown to affect the surface morphology, as well as the localized plasmon resonance energy of the nanocrystal films. A short and convenient treatment by ethanedithiol cross‐linking ligands is shown to provide superior results as compared with the formic acid treatment used in the previous work. Future work combining windows based on optimized electrochromic effects in the near infrared combined with those in the visible spectral range will simultaneously improve building energy efficiency and indoor human comfort.
A Global Optimization Framework for Meeting Summarization (2009)

We introduce a model for extractive meeting summarization based on the hypothesis that utterances convey bits of information, or concepts. Using keyphrases as concepts weighted by frequency, and an integer linear program to determine the best set of utterances, that is, covering as many concepts as possible while satisfying a length constraint, we achieve ROUGE scores at least as good as a ROUGEbased oracle derived from human summaries. This brings us to a critical discussion of ROUGE and the future of extractive meeting summarization. Index Terms — meeting summarization, integer linear programming, summarization evaluation 1.
Corrigendum: Quantitative Modulation of PpIX Fluorescence and Improved Glioma Visualization (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2019.00041.].
Attention-Based Structural-Plasticity (2019)

Catastrophic forgetting/interference is a critical problem for lifelong learning machines, which impedes the agents from maintaining their previously learned knowledge while learning new tasks. Neural networks, in particular, suffer plenty from the catastrophic forgetting phenomenon. Recently there has been several efforts towards overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networks. Here, we propose a biologically inspired method toward overcoming catastrophic forgetting. Specifically, we define an attention-based selective plasticity of synapses based on the cholinergic neuromodulatory system in the brain. We define synaptic importance parameters in addition to synaptic weights and then use Hebbian learning in parallel with backpropagation algorithm to learn synaptic importances in an online and seamless manner. We test our proposed method on benchmark tasks including the Permuted MNIST and the Split MNIST problems and show competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation in 800-km Transmission of a 1.6-Tb/s Superchannel Using Waveband-Shift-Free Optical Phase Conjugation (2017)

We demonstrate polarization-insensitive optical phase conjugation of a 300-GHz wide 1.6-Tb/s superchannel without a shift of the occupied wavelength band. We experimentally achieve up to 0.7 dB Q-factor improvement after 800-km transmission using eight PDM-16QAM sub-channels.
Gold‐Catalyzed Phosgene‐Free Synthesis of Polyurethane Precursors (2010)

Gold statt Phosgen: Ein zweistufiger Eintopfprozess an Goldnanopartikeln auf CeO2 als Katalysator wandelt Nitroarene in aromatische Carbamate um. Das Verfahren stellt eine phosgenfreie Alternative für die Synthese aromatischer Polyurethane dar. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Online group music therapy: proactive management of undergraduate students’ stress and anxiety (2023)

The results suggest group music therapy can be as effective as group verbal therapy. Further, the study indicates that online delivery can be achieved effectively, supporting the idea that remote therapy may be a viable option for other populations. While the study should be replicated with a larger multi-site sample, it provides one example toward achieving a health-promoting culture on university campuses, consistent with the mental health goals of the Okanagan Charter.
Processing thin films of KNbO3 for optical waveguides (1995)

Abstract Thin film waveguides of ferroelectric materials hold great promise for use in active integrated optics devices because of the high optical confinement possible in a thin film structure. KNbO3 is an attractive material for active devices because it possesses large nonlinear optical susceptibilities and large electro-optic coefficients. KNbO3 films with low optical losses are required to produce efficient devices. Epitaxial films of KNbO3 (110) have previously been deposited on single crystal MgO (100) using ion beam sputtering techniques. However, these films contained microstructural defects due to the large lattice mismatch (>4.0%) between KNbO3 and MgO which resulted in high optical losses. Recent work has focused on determining the relationships between microstructure and optical loss through the use of lattice matched substrates. Film composition, epitaxial quality and optical properties of KNbO3 films deposited on MgO and MgAl2O4 have been investigated and are compared.
MIMO multi-user relay system (2012)

This paper presents the BER performance analysis of a MIMO multi-user relay network. A single relay is employed to assist the transmission between the base station and the mobile station at the cell edge of two neighbouring cells. The relay applies the linear precoding technique, namely, block diagonalization and interference alignment to suppress the interference, and afterwards to forward the signal to the intended user.
Aortic valve tissue engineering using progenitor cells in dynamic bioreactor: construction and mechanical testing (2010)

Objective: Tissue engineering represents a promising technology to create aortic valve (AV) substitute with life-long expectancy and ability to grow. In this study, we present results of mechanical testing and repopulation of aortic valvular scaffols with differentiated, progenitor-derived endothelial cells (EC) in a high-flow environment.
Model for acoustic locking of Spin Torque Oscillator (2015)

This paper presents a model for locking Spin Torque Oscillator (STO) to an out-of-plane AC strain generated using a mechanical transducer like High-Overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonator (HBAR). We model the magnetization dynamics of the free layer magnet in the STO using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS) equation modified to include magneto-elastic coupling term. Locking is clearly demonstrated from the simulated frequency spectrum of the acoustically-locked STO which has a narrower linewidth and higher signal power as compared to a free running STO. We have shown locking of different modes of the STO and compare the amplitude of out-of-plane AC strain needed to achieve lock. Acoustic locking illustrated here can be used for locking multiple STOs to a common strain transducer and is a potential platform for developing hybrid magneto-acoustic oscillator systems.
Entwicklung einer Prüfmethode für die schnelle Bestimmung von VOC aus Holzprodukten zur frühzeitigen Ableitung des langfristigen Emissionsverhaltens und Qualitätskontrolle bei der Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffen (2019)

Das derzeit standardisierte Verfahren zur Bestimmung von VOC-Emissionen aus Bauprodukten ist in den Normen DIN EN 16516:2018 und DIN ISO 16000-6:2004 festgelegt. Dabei verbleibt das Bauprodukt unter definierten Bedingungen über 28 Tage in einer Prüfkammer. Zu bestimmten Tagen (mindestens an Tag 3 und 28) wird die flächenspezifische Emissionsrate ermittelt. Dieser sehr zeit- und kostenintensive Prüfzyklus ist aber für eine Produktionskontrolle und Produktentwicklung nachteilig. Ziel des Forschungsvorhabens ist daher die Entwicklung einer Schnelltestmethode, um das langfristige Emissionsverhalten von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen bereits nach wenigen Stunden ableiten zu können und so die derzeitig nötige Prüfdauer zu verkürzen. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes wurden zwei unterschiedliche Ansätze verfolgt: Zum einen wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit der Micro-Chamber (µ-CTE™, Markes International, Llantrisant, UK) in Verbindung mit der TD-GC-MS-Analyse und parallel dazu die der Gasanalyse (in Anlehnung an EN ISO 12460-3:2015) kombiniert mit der SPME-GC-FAIMS-Analyse untersucht. Als Referenzverfahren dienen die Kammerprüfverfahren für Bauprodukte gemäß DIN EN ISO 16000-9:2006 und DIN EN 16516:2018. Für die Entwicklung der Schnelltestmethoden wurden die Einflüsse von Prüfparametern wie Konditionierungsdauer, Temperatur und Luftfluss auf das Emissionsverhalten untersucht und geeignete Einstellungen festgelegt. Verschiedene OSB-Produkte und Kiefervollholz wurden parallel mittels den entwickelten Schnelltestmethoden und dem Referenzverfahren geprüft und die Korrelation der Ergebnisse ermittelt. Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Emissionsverläufe müssen die Substanzgruppen getrennt voneinander bewertet werden. Primäre Emissionen zeigten stets eine Reduzierung der Emissionen während einer Prüfung bei Raumtemperatur; hierfür wurden gute Korrelationen der Ergebnisse aus Schnelltest- und Referenzmessung gefunden. Hingegen ergaben sich für sekundäre Emissionen (vornehmlich Aldehyde) nur gute Zusammenhänge zwischen den beiden Methoden, wenn zum Zeitpunkt der Messung in der Schnelltestmethode der Anstieg der Emissionsraten bereits durchlaufen war und diese ein Abklingen zeigten. Durch Verwendung einer erhöhten Prüftemperatur konnte die Aldehydbildung beschleunigt werden, sodass sich auch die sekundären Emissionen in einem Prüfzyklus von wenigen Tagen ableiten ließen. Die Prüfdauer der Schnelltestmethoden beträgt wenige Stunden bzw. Tage und vermindert so den zeitlichen Prüfaufwand gegenüber dem standardisierten Verfahren (28 Tage) erheblich.
Critical challenges for EUV resist materials (2011)

Although Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is now well into the commercialization phase, critical challenges remain in the development of EUV resist materials. The major issue for the 22-nm half-pitch node remains simultaneously meeting resolution, line-edge roughness (LER), and sensitivity requirements. Although several materials have met the resolution requirements, LER and sensitivity remain a challenge. As we move beyond the 22-nm node, however, even resolution remains a significant challenge. Chemically amplified resists have yet to demonstrate the required resolution at any speed or LER for 16-nm half pitch and below. Going to non-chemically amplified resists, however, 16-nm resolution has been achieved with a LER of 2 nm but a sensitivity of only 70 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>.
PET imaging of soluble epoxide hydrolase in non-human primate brain with [18F]FNDP (2020)

[<sup>18</sup>F]FNDP is a highly sEH-specific radiotracer that is suitable for quantitative PET imaging in the baboon brain. [<sup>18</sup>F]FNDP holds promise for translation to human subjects.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINES. XII. CONFORMATION IN A SOLUTION OF 7‐CHLORO‐5‐PHENYL‐3(S)METHYL‐1,3‐DIHYDRO‐2H‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINE (1984)

Abstract Zur Untersuchung der Konformation des Benzodiazepins (I) mit Hilfe der lis‐NMR‐Methode werden die deuterierten Verbindungen (II) hergestellt.
Isolation of new anti-CD30 scFvs from DNA-immunized mice by phage display and biologic activity of recombinant immunotoxins produced by fusion with truncatedpseudomonas exotoxin (2001)

To target CD30 on Hodgkin's disease and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, anti-CD30 single-chain antibodies were obtained by DNA immunization of mice with the complete human CD30 cDNA. Spleens were isolated from mice with high anti-CD30 titer, and the RNA was used for the production of an scFv-displaying phage library. Specific phages were enriched by 3 rounds of panning on soluble CD30 or CD30+ K562 cells. Recombinant immunotoxins (rITs) were made from 3 ELISA-positive scFv phages by fusion to a 38 kDa truncated mutant of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38) with or without a KDEL mutant sequence at the C terminus. In vitro cytotoxicity of purified anti-CD30 rITs was measured on CD30-transfected A431 cells. IC50 values ranged from 3 to 7 ng/ml (50-110 pM) for PE38 rITs and 0.1 ng/ml (2 pM) for the PE38-KDEL IT on A431-CD30 cells. The parental A431 cells were resistant, indicating that the cytotoxicity was specific and CD30-mediated. rITs were tested for anti-tumor activity in a nude mouse model. A431-CD30 cells were injected s.c. on day 0; then, mice bearing measurable tumors were treated beginning on day 4 with 3 alternate daily doses i.v. Anti-tumor activity was dose-dependent and not found when irrelevant ITs were administered or when CD30- tumors were treated. Our data show that DNA immunization and antibody phage display may be useful in producing new rITs against hematologic malignancies. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fabrication of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ thin film grain boundary junctions (1995)

As-grown high-quality superconducting thin films of the Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering with a regulated shuttering technique. 2223 phase films with a 2201 phase buffer layer were deposited on MgO (100) substrates under rigorous control of the bismuth content and valence. As a source of bismuth, Bi(metal) and Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CuO/sub x/ targets were used. At the preparation no post-treatment steps were performed. The zero resistivity critical temperature of the as-grown film was 107.3 K. Using these films, Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/Ca/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ step-edge and bicrystal Josephson junctions were prepared. At step-edge junctions, Josephson current was observed up to 41 K, below this temperature I-V curves were RSJ-like. On the other hand, bicrystal junctions were fabricated,on the bicrystal MgO (100) substrate with a misorientation angle of 24/spl deg/. Typical RSJ model I-V curves were observed up to 60 K. The modulation depth goes up to 90%. I/sub c/R/sub n/ values were about 1.0 mV at 4.2 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Figures 1 - 6 from Personalized <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Cancer Models to Guide Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1 - 6&lt;/p&gt;
[Evaluation of biotyping of medically important Candida spp]. (2009)

It can be concluded that the main advantages of the Odds biotyping system are high discriminatory power and cost-effectiveness. On the other hand, discrepancies in reproducibility of results as well as relatively long period for preparation of test media and for achieving of results decline its usefulness for epidemiological studies.
Effect of Third Monomer Type and Content on Peroxide Crosslinking Efficiency of EPDM (2003)

Abstract Peroxide crosslinking of EPDM is commonly applied in rubber practice. Although the presence of a diene termonomer is not a prerequisite for peroxide crosslinking, it does provide a significant increase of the peroxide crosslinking efficiency. Different explanations for the effect of the type and the amount of the third monomer on the peroxide curing efficiency have been put forward; but, a comprehensive overview and an acceptable explanation of all the effects observed are still lacking. In the present paper, this gap is filled by combining results from low-molecular-weight model studies and rheometer experiments with information from the literature. It is shown that peroxide crosslinking of EPDM proceeds via the combination of two EPDM macro-radicals and the addition of an EPDM macro-radical to the residual EPDM unsaturation. The extent to which the latter radical addition occurs, is governed by the amount of the third monomer and by the steric hindrance of the residual unsaturation of the EPDM, i.e. the lower the number of ipso- and β- alkyl substituents on the unsaturation, the higher the rate of addition. This explains why EPDMs containing termonomers with terminal unsaturations are more reactive than those with internal unsaturations. The same approach was followed to assess the peroxide curing efficiency of polydiene elastomers. It was found that the same steric effects govern peroxide crosslinking of polydiene elastomers, such as NR, IR and BR.
Analysis on Heterogeneous SSD Configuration with Quadruple-Level Cell (QLC) NAND Flash Memory (2019)

This paper investigates optimal heterogeneously-integrated SSD configuration [1] with various non-volatile memories including quadruple-level cell (QLC) NAND flash [2] considering SSD performance, energy consumption and SSD endurance lifetime. Based on the design methodology of heterogeneous SSD composed of storage class memory (SCM), multi-level cell (MLC) and triple-level cell (TLC) NAND flash [1], this paper newly adds QLC and single-level cell (SLC) NAND flash as memory components and re-optimizes the memory configurations for various workloads. Four types of SSD are compared; 1) SLC/QLC NAND flash, 2) SCM/QLC NAND flash, 3) SCM/TLC/QLC NAND flash and 4) SCM/TLC NAND flash. As a result, performance of SCM/QLC NAND flash is about one-fourth of that of SCM/TLC NAND flash for all workloads because QLC NAND flash has 5.7 times longer write latency than TLC NAND flash. For cold workloads or high total SSD cost assumption, SCM/TLC NAND flash is recommended. For hot workloads with low total SSD cost assumption, however, SLC/QLC NAND flash is optimal with emphasis on better SSD endurance lifetime. Finally, SCM/TLC/QLC NAND flash is the best when considering performance and energy consumption. In particular, for write-hot application, prxy_0, SCM/TLC/QLC NAND flash achieves 67% higher IOPS/cost [1] than SCM/TLC NAND flash.