gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biaryl Analogues of Conformationally Constrained Tricyclic Tropanes as Potent and Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors:  Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Uptake Inhibition at Monoamine Transporter Sites (2003)

A series of novel conformationally constrained tricyclic tropane derivatives containing a biaryl moiety, (Z)-9-(biarylylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo[4.3.1.0(3,7)]decanes, were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit reuptake of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) by the DA, 5-HT, and NE transporters. Most of the compounds containing a methoxycarbonyl substituent at C-10 exhibit moderate to high inhibitory activity at the NET but lower activity at the DAT and SERT. Among these new compounds, some potent, NET-selective ligands were identified. The p-methoxy derivative 11a has a K(i) value of 39 nM for uptake inhibition at the NET and moderate to high selectivity over the SERT (100-fold) and the DAT (20-fold). Compound 11f exhibits a remarkable potency (K(i) = 9.7 nM) at the NET and a 25-fold selectivity over both the SERT and the DAT. Analogue 23 containing a thiophene ring as a bioisosteric replacement of the phenyl ring Ar(1) displays a high activity (K(i) = 10.3 nM) for the NET and similar selectivity over the SERT (50-fold) and the DAT (37-fold). The selectivity profile of biaryl analogues differs from that of the monoaryl series, as most members of that series display excellent potency at and selectivity for the SERT (J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 1930). This finding suggests that the different shape and size of the lipophilic recognition pocket that encompasses the aryl ring(s) of these tropanes are major determinants of a ligand's transporter activity at either the NET or the SERT. Some of the compounds in this series may also be valuable in sorting out the contribution of the individual transporters to cocaine's reinforcing properties.
Rejection of the co-channel interference using non-coherent independent component analysis based receiver (2003)

An effective technique for the co-channel interference rejection in FDMA/TDMA cellular systems is described. The technique uses independent component analysis (ICA) for blind separation of the signal of interest and co-channel interferers. An outline of a non-coherent binary pulse shift keying (BPSK) receiver operating in a quasi-static radio channel is presented and its performance is assessed through computer simulations. The simulations demonstrate significant performance improvement of the receivers employing the proposed technique.
Low molecular weight components in bovine semen diffusate and their effects on motility of bull sperm (1994)

Dialysis of diluted semen before cryopreservation is beneficial to sperm survival. This is due to removal of low molecular weight components from seminal plasma that are damaging to sperm. The apparent molecular weights (M(r)) of these components range between 1000 and 12,000 as estimated by gel permeation chromatography and electrophoresis. The detrimental effect on sperm motility is greatest with the components of M(r) between 5000 and 12,000 and with those of M(r) < 1500. Their effect on sperm motility was dependent on concentration. The small molecular weight components were derived from the high molecular weight components of seminal plasma through disaggregation under prescribed conditions.
Interaction of Staphylococci with Human B cells (2016)

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human infections worldwide. The pathogen produces numerous molecules that can interfere with recognition and binding by host innate immune cells, an initial step required for the ingestion and subsequent destruction of microbes by phagocytes. To better understand the interaction of this pathogen with human immune cells, we compared the association of S. aureus and S. epidermidis with leukocytes in human blood. We found that a significantly greater proportion of B cells associated with S. epidermidis relative to S. aureus. Complement components and complement receptors were important for the binding of B cells with S. epidermidis. Experiments using staphylococci inactivated by ultraviolet radiation and S. aureus isogenic deletion mutants indicated that S. aureus secretes molecules regulated by the SaeR/S two-component system that interfere with the ability of human B cells to bind this bacterium. We hypothesize that the relative inability of B cells to bind S. aureus contributes to the microbe's success as a human pathogen.
Video 3 from Autocrine Fibronectin Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Control Ca1h cells forming fibrillar strains when cultured on our 3D culture scaffold.&lt;/p&gt;
Low Vitamin D Concentration Is Not Associated with Increased Mortality and Morbidity after Cardiac Surgery (2013)

Our analysis suggests that perioperative vitamin D concentration is not associated with clinically important outcomes, likely because the outcomes are overwhelmingly determined by other baseline and surgical factors.
Coherent Inference on Optimal Play in Game Trees (2010)

Round-based games are an instance of discrete planning problems. Some of the best contemporary game tree search algorithms use random roll-outs as data. Relying on a good policy, they learn on-policy values by propagating information upwards in the tree, but not between sibling nodes. Here, we present a generative model and a corresponding approximate message passing scheme for inference on the optimal, off-policy value of nodes in smooth and/or trees, given random roll-outs. The crucial insight is that the distribution of values in game trees is not completely arbitrary. We define a generative model of the on-policy values using a latent score for each state, representing the value under the random roll-out policy. Inference on the values under the optimal policy separates into an inductive, pre-data step and a deductive, post-data part. Both can be solved approximately with Expectation Propagation, allowing off-policy value inference for any node in the (exponentially big) tree in linear time.
Monocytic leukaemia in childhood (1939)

In 1913 Reschad and Schilling Torgau suggested the possibility of a distinctive hyperplasia affecting the monocytic cells of the blood under the name of ' splenocytic leukaemia.' With the more accurate title of ' monocytic leukaemia,' this is now an established entity. Though still regarded as a rare disease, this condition is being increasingly recognized. In 1933 only twenty histologically authenticated cases were on record (Gittins and Hawksley, 1933). By 1937 Osgood was able to review 133 cases, of which seventeen were children. The great increase in the number of cases recognized in the last few years suggests that the disease is commoner than at one time was thought likely, and later in this paper evidence will be brought forward to show how in many cases the diagnosis may easily be missed. Only a small proportion of recorded cases has occurred in children, yet here again increasing knowledge is bringing increased recognition. In 1936 Kato could only find records of five cases in childhood, yet at the Hospital for Sick Children five cases have been discovered in the last five years. The purpose of this communication is to consider the condition in childhood from the clinical, haematological and histological standpoints and to record two further cases.
Altersabhängige Zytokin-mRNA Expression und Zytokinproduktion als funktioneller Parameter der Reifung des Immunsystems (2005)

Einleitung: Die funktionelle Differenzierung von Immunzellen im frühen Kindesalter spielt eine entscheidende Rolle zur suffizienten Abwehr gegen zahlreiche pathogene Erreger. Die Dysregulation der Immunantwort kann jedoch auch einen Einfluss auf die Pathophysiologie von immunologisch vermittelten Erkrankungen haben, wie z.B. Atopie oder autoimmunologische Krankheiten.
Seeding cells into needled felt scaffolds for tissue engineering applications (2003)

Tissue engineering methods are under development that will enable the repair or replacement of a variety of tissues, including articular cartilage and bone. To engineer functional tissue it is necessary that scaffolds initially be seeded with a large number of cells distributed evenly throughout the scaffold structure. It previously has been shown that, compared to static seeding conditions, seeding scaffolds under dynamic conditions facilitates high seeding densities and even distributions of cells (Li et al., Biotechnology Progress 2001;17:935-944). The efficiency of seeding HOSTE85 cells and bovine chondrocytes into needled felt scaffolds following agitation at different speeds was determined. Seeding efficiency was determined using the Hoechst 33258 assay, and cell viability was assessed using the Alamar Blue trade mark assay. The distribution of cells within the scaffolds was imaged using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the optimum seeding conditions varied for HOSTE85 cells and bovine chondrocytes, with different agitation speeds leading to different seeding efficiencies, cell viabilities, and distributions of cells within scaffolds. The optimum agitation speeds for seeding a high number of viable cells into scaffolds so that they were arranged evenly were 300 rpm for HOSTE85 cells and 200 rpm for bovine chondrocytes.
Particle Deposition and Removal from Ge Wafers (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Creating Value with Space Based Group Architecture (2010)

Space Based Group (SBG) is a new architecture for space systems in which a single system is implemented by a group of spacecra ft. SBG also implies a radically new approach to the way we acquire and think about space assets. It was first formulated in the 2006 timeframe and has since evolved in the shadow of DARPA’s System F6 program. This paper reintroduces the SBG architectural construct and explores how the architecture creates value relativ e to more traditional monolithic space architectures.
Temperature-independent passive RFID pressure sensors for single-use bioprocess components (2011)

Single-use biopharmaceutical manufacturing requires monitoring of critical manufacturing parameters. However, the lack of reliable single-use sensors prevents the biopharmaceutical industry from fully embracing single-use biomanufacturing processes. We report an approach for temperature-independent pressure sensing in single-use bioprocess components using passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors. An RFID pressure sensor is fabricated by applying a pressure sensitive flexible membrane to an RFID-tag-based transducer and a layer that modulates the electromagnetic field (EMF) generated in the RFID sensor antenna. The sensor signal is modulated upon pressure-induced flexing of the membrane, providing a desired quantitative response of pressure of the fluid during the operation of the single-use component. We demonstrate a temperature-independent RFID pressure sensor that was tested to measure pressures from -5 to 33 psi with the ±0.25 psi accuracy after gamma irradiation. Temperature-independent pressure response is provided from the multivariate analysis of the measured impedance of the sensor.
Interactions Among Bt Maize, Entomopathogens, and Rootworm Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the Field: Effects on Survival, Yield, and Root Injury (2013)

A 2 yr field study was conducted to determine how a blend of entomopathogens interacted with Bt maize to affect mortality of Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), root injury to maize (Zea maize L.) and yield. The blend of entomopathogens included two entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, and one entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium brunneum (Metschnikoff) Sorokin. Bt maize (event DAS59122-7, which produces Bt toxin Cry34/35Ab1) decreased root injury and survival of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) but did not affect yield. During year 1 of the study, when rootworm abundance was high, entomopathogens in combination with Bt maize led to a significant reduction in root injury. In year 2 of the study, when rootworm abundance was lower, entomopathogens significantly decreased injury to non-Bt maize roots, but had no effect on Bt maize roots. Yield was significantly increased by the addition of entomopathogens to the soil. Entomopathogens did not decrease survival of corn rootworm species. The results suggest that soil-borne entomopathogens can complement Bt maize by protecting roots from feeding injury from corn rootworm when pest abundance is high, and can decrease root injury to non-Bt maize when rootworm abundance is low. In addition, this study also showed that the addition of entomopathogens to soil contributed to an overall increase in yield.
Spatiotemporal Development of Transitional Wall Jets (2008)

Wall jets have many applications in engineering ranging from active flow control to film cooling. A typical wall jet is characterized by both spatial and temporal variation. Here we use Time Resolved-Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-DPIV) to deliver high spatially and temporally resolved investigation of wall jets across a wide range of Reynolds numbers (150–10,000). We employ Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to post-process the data and generate low-order models describing the underlying physics. The results show the presence of near wall structures forming at the jet exit and convecting downstream directly influencing the transition to turbulence. Using the time coefficients associated with the POD modes, the frequency content of the individual modes is determined and the mechanism of energy transfer between the modes is quantified. This study provides the first spatiotemporally resolved experimental investigation of the transition to turbulence of a rectangular wall jet.
Calorimetric device for non-destructive measurement of the thermal diffusivity dependency by phase delay (2014)

We developed a calorimetric device for measuring thermal diffusivity non-destructively. The calorimetric device was based on the principle that temperature phase delay between a heater and a resistance temperature detector (RTD) is affected by thermal diffusivity of the region between them. The device consisted of an Au wire, as oscillating heat source and a piezoresistor as an RTD. We exerted the experiment, in which air pressure was changed, and observed that the device measured thermal diffusivity of the air.
Inter- and Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition of Nitroalkenes with Allenylsilanes. A Case of Unexpected Regioselectivity (2002)

A conjugated nitroalkene tethered to an allenylsilane undergoes formal [4+2] cycloaddition in the presence of tin tetrachloride to afford a bicyclic nitronate.The stereo-and regiochemical course of the reaction was established by a subsequent dipolar cycloaddition with 4-bromophenyl acrylate to generate a crystalline nitroso acetal.Single crystal X-Ray crystallographic analysis of the nitroso acetal revealed an unexpected stereostructure which arose from attack of the nitroalkene on the central carbon of the allenylsilane and closure of the oxygen atom on the terminal carbon.This outcome is interpreted as arising from a stepwise reaction via a silicon-stabilized carbocation which can undergo rotation to an allylic cation prior to ring closure.An intermolecular example of this same process was also documented.
Collaborative Chinese Text Recognition with Personalized Federated Learning (2023)

In Chinese text recognition, to compensate for the insufficient local data and improve the performance of local few-shot character recognition, it is often necessary for one organization to collect a large amount of data from similar organizations. However, due to the natural presence of private information in text data, such as addresses and phone numbers, different organizations are unwilling to share private data. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to design a privacy-preserving collaborative training framework for the Chinese text recognition task. In this paper, we introduce personalized federated learning (pFL) into the Chinese text recognition task and propose the pFedCR algorithm, which significantly improves the model performance of each client (organization) without sharing private data. Specifically, pFedCR comprises two stages: multiple rounds of global model training stage and the the local personalization stage. During stage 1, an attention mechanism is incorporated into the CRNN model to adapt to various client data distributions. Leveraging inherent character data characteristics, a balanced dataset is created on the server to mitigate character imbalance. In the personalization phase, the global model is fine-tuned for one epoch to create a local model. Parameter averaging between local and global models combines personalized and global feature extraction capabilities. Finally, we fine-tune only the attention layers to enhance its focus on local personalized features. The experimental results on three real-world industrial scenario datasets show that the pFedCR algorithm can improve the performance of local personalized models by about 20\% while also improving their generalization performance on other client data domains. Compared to other state-of-the-art personalized federated learning methods, pFedCR improves performance by 6\% $\sim$ 8\%.
Intermolecular Interaction of Actin Revealed by a Dynamic Light Scattering Technique (2006)

The intermolecular interaction force of actin was studied by a dynamic light scattering technique. The mutual diffusion coefficients (D) of monomeric actin were accurately determined in a G-buffer with a low concentration of KCl from 0 to 10 mM. The translational diffusion coefficient was obtained as D(0) = (87 +/- 3) x 10(-12) m(2).s(-1) at 25 degrees C and pH 7.4, which gives a hydrodynamic radius of monomeric actin of r(H) = 2.8 +/- 0.1 nm. The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, assuming electrostatic and van der Waals potentials, failed to describe the change in interaction parameter (lambda) with KCl concentration, but the extended DLVO theory succeeded if an additional repulsive potential was assumed. The Hamaker constant of actin in the Ca(2+)-ATP bound state was determined for the first time as A(H) = 10.4 +/- 0.6 k(B)T.
Improvement of External Extraction Efficiency in GaN-Based LEDs by $ \hbox{SiO}_{2}$ Nanosphere Lithography (2008)

A practical approach to fabricate textured GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by nanosphere lithography is presented. By spin coating a monolayer of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanoparticles as the mask, textured LEDs can be fabricated. Both textured p-GaN and textured indium tin oxide LEDs show significant improvement over conventional LEDs without damaging the electrical characteristics. The results show that the method is promising for manufacturing low-cost high-efficient GaN-based LEDs.
Off-Screen Visualization Perspectives : Tasks and Challenges (2015)

The visual exploration of large data spaces often requires zooming and panning operations to obtain details. However, drilling down to see details results in the loss of contextual overview. Existing overview-plus-detail approaches provide context while the user examines details, but typically suffer from distortion or overplotting. This is why, there is great potential for off-screen visualization. Off-screen visualization is a family of techniques which provide data-driven context with the aid of visual proxies. Visual proxies can be visually encoded and adapted to the necessary data context with respect to scalability and visualization of high dimensional data. In this paper, we uncover the potential of off-screen visualization in visual data exploration by introducing its application examples to different domains through three derived scenarios. Furthermore, we categorize supporting tasks of off-screen visualizations and show areas of improvement. Then, we derive research challenges of offscreen visualizations and draw our perspectives on the issues for future research. This paper will provide guidance for future research on off-screen visualization techniques in visual data analysis.
Asphaltene Nanoaggregates Studied by Centrifugation (2008)

The colloidal structure of asphaltenes impacts various physical properties and is important to characterize. Previously, in both laboratory and oilfield studies, asphaltenes have been shown to form nanoaggregates. In addition, previous work has shown that asphaltenes exhibit a critical nanoaggregate concentration (CNAC) in toluene in the range of 50−150 mg/L. In this study, centrifugation is used to prove a major change of asphaltene aggregation at the CNAC concentration, thereby corroborating previous results. Collection of these nanoaggregates by centrifugation validates there existence. The nanoaggregate size is found to be ∼2.5 nm, which is compatible with corresponding previous determinations from gravitational gradients. Asphaltene monomers are seen to be small (<1.5 nm), confirming previous diffusion measurements and corroborating the now common view that asphaltene molecular size is rather small. A two-component, monomer and nanoaggregate, phase equilibrium model is shown to treat the primary features of the data; nevertheless, shortcomings of this model are discussed. These centrifugation experiments are simple and we believe compelling confirmation of the asphaltene CNAC in toluene.
Nickel-catalyzed regiodivergent approach to macrolide motifs (2011)

A strategy for regiochemical reversal of reductive macrocyclizations of aldehydes and terminal alkynes has been developed. Using an advanced synthetic intermediate directed towards the methymycin/neomethymycin class of macrolides, selective endocyclization provides the natural twelve-membered ring series, whereas ligand alteration enables selective exocyclization to provide access to the unnatural eleven-membered ring series. The twelve-membered ring adduct was converted to 10-deoxymethynolide, completing an efficient total synthesis of this natural product.
2-Hydroxyestradiol Interaction with Dopamine Receptor Binding in Rat Anterior Pituitary (1980)

Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093