gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hormone receptor status and proliferation with a novel isoform of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (ca‐PCNA) in predicting recurrence of pediatric meningioma (2008)

BACKGROUND Meningiomas are uncommon in children and experience is limited compared to their adult counterparts. Predicting recurrence does not reliably correlate with tumor grade. PURPOSE: To review hormone receptor status and proliferation in 13 cases of intracranial meningioma in children. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Clinicopathologic data were reviewed on thirteen patients (6 females, 7 males) treated for meningioma during a 19‐year period. The patients ranged in age from 8–20 (mean, 15.2 years; SD, 4) years at the time of diagnosis. In all cases, estrogen and progesterone receptor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), ca‐PCNA and Ki‐67 status were analyzed using immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin sections. On initial biopsy, all meningiomas were grade I, WHO 2007. RESULTS: Four patients developed recurrent disease after a latency period of 1–3 years (mean, 1.6 years, SD, 0.9). The mean Ki‐67 proliferative index was 1; overall, PCNA ranged 10–90% (mean, 66.7) and ca‐PCNA ranged from 10–90 (mean, 32.5). Mean ca‐PCNA value in recurrent meningiomas was 47.2% while in non recurrent it was 17.8%. Staining for hormone receptors revealed that 1–90% of cells expressed progesterone (mean, 34.6%) and none labeled with estrogen. CONCLUSION: There is a positive correlation between ca‐PCNA expression with meningioma recurrence in children.
A resistance gene in disguise for schizophrenia? (2006)

We examined the hypothesis that -485 T, a novel polymorphism in the promoter region of the neuropeptide Y gene which was shown to be associated with schizophrenia in our previous paper, confers susceptibility to the disease. For a case-control association study, 331 unrelated Japanese schizophrenics (S(1): milder cases in the previous study, n = 212; and S(2): additional severer cases, n = 119) and 199 unrelated normal controls were recruited. Contribution of -485 T to the risk and the severity of the illness was examined by (1) comparing the risk in each genotype in the general population, (2) testing correlations between the gene-dose of -485 T, and the severity of chronic outcome in S(2) assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, and (3) comparing the distribution of age at onset in S(1) + S(2) among the three genotypes. -485 T was significantly associated with schizophrenia in S(1) + S(2). Significant negative correlations were observed between the gene-dose and the symptom assessment scores in all items. The homozygote of -485 T showed a second peak frequency in the late-onset group both in males and females, while the homozygote of the alternative allele showed a single peak in the early-onset group. The higher risk of schizophrenia in the heterozygote than in the homozygote of -485 T in the general population did not support the possibility of linkage disequilibrium with a susceptibility gene. -485 T most likely confers resistance but not susceptibility to schizophrenia. An interaction between a nuclear resistance gene and a presumptive pathogenic gene in the mitochondrial DNA was suggested.
Charting a Course for Chemistry Education (2009)

What can a professional society with 160,000 members do that can have a special, transformative effect on education in the United States? That is the question posed by the American Chemical Society (ACS) Board of Directors to the newly created Board-Presidential Task Force on Education. The Task Force has these charges: 1. review recommendations contained in national STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education reports released during the past five years; 2. identify specific actions that the Society could undertake in response to these recommendations; 3. create a priority list of actionable items where the Society can have a unique impact on STEM education.
Electronic Properties of Trifluoromethylated Corannulenes (2012)

With great stacking comes great conductivity: trifluoromethylated corannulenes are unexpectedly strong electron acceptors in solution. Even a polycrystalline film of 1,2-(F(3)C)(2)-corannulene (top structure and curve in the plot) exhibits conductivity three orders of magnitude higher than that of pristine corannulene!
Supplementary figure S4 from <i>BIRC6</i> Targeting as Potential Therapy for Advanced, Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Serum PSA data of individual mice before and after treatment with ASO&lt;/p&gt;
Additive effects of tamoxifen and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor FTI‐277 on inhibition of MCF‐7 breast cancer cell‐cycle progression (2003)

The efficacy of tamoxifen in the hormonal therapy of breast cancer is well established, but therapeutic resistance is inevitable. FTIs are a new class of anticancer drugs that are in phase III clinical evaluation. Since the mechanisms of action of these 2 classes of drugs are different, we tested the combination of tamoxifen and FTI-277 on inhibiting proliferation of hormone-dependent MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. An additive effect on cell proliferation was demonstrated, accompanied by an additive G(0)/G(1) arrest. The major effect of the combination of the 2 drugs was to maintain p21(waf/cip1) at an intermediate level, higher than that observed in the presence of tamoxifen alone. This was associated with an additive effect on inactivation of cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes and decreased phosphorylation of pRb and p130 pocket proteins. These effects were accompanied by increased association of 2 CDIs, p27(kip1) and p21(waf/cip1), with cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. These data demonstrate that the additive effect is likely predominantly due to the recruitment of p27(kip1) and, to a lesser extent, p21(waf/cip1) into the cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes. Together, these results suggest that the combination of FTI and tamoxifen may increase the antitumor effect of either drug alone in breast cancer.
Gait Modification via Verbal Instruction and an Active Feedback System to Reduce Peak Knee Adduction Moment (2010)

The purpose of this study was to introduce a simple gait training method using real-time gait modification to reduce the peak knee adduction moment during walking by producing a subtle weight bearing shift to the medial side of the foot. The hypothesis of this study was that this weight shift could be achieved via either verbal instruction or an active feedback system, and that the weight shift would result in a reduction in the first peak knee adduction moment compared with the control tests. Nine individuals were tested during walking using two intervention methods: verbal instruction and an active feedback system placed on the right shoe. The first peak of the knee adduction moment for each condition was assessed using a motion capture system and force plate. The active feedback system significantly reduced (14.2%) the peak knee adduction moment relative to the control. This study demonstrated that a subtle weight bearing shift to the medial side of the foot produced with an active feedback system during walking reduced the first peak of the knee adduction moment and suggests the potential application of this method to slow the rate of progression of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.
Control of Networked Cyber-Physical Systems (Dagstuhl Seminar 19222) (2019)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 19222 "Control of Networked Cyber-Physical Systems". Such systems typically operate under very tight timing constraints and at the same time witness an ever-increasing complexity in both size and the amount of information needed to main controllability. Yet, the development of control systems and of communication/computation infrastructures has traditionally been decoupled, so that valuable insights from the respective other domain could not be used towards the joint goal of keeping cyber-physical systems (CPS) controllable. In order to overcome this "black box" thinking, the seminar brought together researchers from the key communities involved in the development of CPS. In a series of impulse talks and plenary discussions, the seminar reviewed the current start-of-the-art in CPS research and identified promising research directions that may benefit from closer cooperation between the communication and control communities.
Angularly-Resolved ExB Probe Spectra in the Plume of a 6-kW Hall Thruster (2008)

1+ decreased with increased discharge voltage, having values of 0.92, 0.87, and 0.70 at 150, 300, and 600 V, respectively. The plume-averaged Xe 1+ current fraction also decreased with increased flow rate, having fractions of 0.87, 0.75, and 0.60 at 10, 20, and 30 mg/s, respectively. The increasing fraction of multiply-charged ions with discharge voltage was attributed to the increase in electron temperature. The increasing fraction of multiply-charged ions with anode flow rate was explained by the increasing ratio of Xe 1+ to neutral Xe found by plasma simulations in HPHall. The results were corrected for the loss of main beam ions due to charge-exchange collisions between the thruster exit and probe location. The correction method performed well, producing plume-averaged correction factors that were within 0.5% of each other with the probe positioned at 8, 10, and 12 thruster diameters downstream. The correction due to charge-exchange collisions was on the order of 1-5%, depending on operating condition, exceeding the errors introduced by other parameters used in performance models. The plume-averaged correction for multiply-charged ions deviated from the discharge channel centerline value by approximately 1.5% over a range of discharge powers from 1 to 10 kW, with the maximum deviation of 5% occurring at the 600 V, 10 mg/s condition. The results indicate that a single measurement of the local ion current fractions near discharge channel centerline is sufficient to accurately gauge the overall correction for multiply-charged ion species. While this is true for studies that are concerned with the behavior of the thruster over large throttling ranges, plume-averaged quantities are likely to be a necessity for studies focused on fine changes in thruster performance.
Performing a scatterv operation on a hierarchical tree network optimized for collective operations (2023)

Performing a scatterv operation on a hierarchical tree network optimized for collective operations including receiving, by the scatterv module installed on the node, from a nearest neighbor parent above the node a chunk of data having at least a portion of data for the node; maintaining, by the scatterv module installed on the node, the portion of the data for the node; determining, by the scatterv module installed on the node, whether any portions of the data are for a particular nearest neighbor child below the node or one or more other nodes below the particular nearest neighbor child; and sending, by the scatterv module installed on the node, those portions of data to the nearest neighbor child if any portions of the data are for a particular nearest neighbor child below the node or one or more other nodes below the particular nearest neighbor child.
Low Complexity Metric Function for Gibbs Sampling MIMO Detection (2018)

In this paper, a metric function for Gibbs sampling multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection is proposed. In conventional Gibbs sampling MIMO detection, an exponential function is used in the calculation of a metric for the selection of candidate symbols. However, the exponential function can be implemented by a look-up table and may require a large amount of memory. This paper proposes a metric function based on a simple fraction. The proposed metric substitutes the exponential function though it increases the number of multiplication operations. It is shown by numerical results obtained through computer simulation that the proposed metric function improves the performance under a high signal-to-noise ratio condition in a large scale MIMO system since its curve is close to that of the exponential function when an input metric distance approaches to zero.
Manage and Optimize Power System to Maximize Steering Assist and Stop-Start Availability (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Auto stop-start (Engine stop-start, ESS) has become a widely used feature to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions particularly in congested cities. Typically, vehicles equipped with such systems include two DC power sources that are coupled in parallel: a primary and a secondary power source. The primary power source supplies energy to the starter to crank the engine, while the secondary power source supplies energy to the rest of the vehicle electric loads. During an auto-stop event, a controllable switch decouples the two power sources. Moreover, operating current, voltage and the State of Charge (SOC) are monitored to ensure enough energy for the next auto-start event. When any of these operating parameters are below the threshold values, the controllable switch opens to isolate the two batteries and then the engine is automatically started.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper introduces a strategy to control the power usage of the Electric Power Assist Steering (EPAS) system for enhanced stop-start availability, optimal steering/EPAS assist, maximum fuel economy savings and minimum CO2 emissions. The algorithm predicts the energy demand by the customer and determines the next engine state based on the above mentioned criteria. The power system architecture uses a Lead Acid battery (Lead Acid, AGM and/or Enhanced) in parallel to a Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. Such architecture combines the advantages of the two technologies and supplies the required vehicle power over a wider operating range of ambient conditions. Moreover, the Li-Ion has voltage characteristics that are similar to the lead acid battery, and hence there is no need for any adjustments between the two power supplies. Measured data and results assure the ability of the introduced strategy to optimize between engine auto-stop/start and the EPAS assist.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Improved oxidation and wear resistance of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene using cross‐linked powder reinforcement (2018)

Radiation crosslinking decreases the wear of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) used in total joint implants and creates residual free radicals, which are the precursors of oxidative degradation. It is desirable to obtain a simultaneously wear- and oxidation-resistant UHMWPE in order to prolong the longevity of implants. In this study, we hypothesized that the oxidative stability of a vitamin E-containing, wear resistant UHMWPE can be improved by limiting the exposure of the antioxidant to radiation to maximize its activity. We blended UHMWPE powder with 0.1 wt % vitamin-E and irradiated these powder blends (XPE). We further blended and consolidated uncrosslinked 0.1 wt % vitamin E-blended UHMWPE with XPE and assessed the effects of radiation dose used for XPE and XPE content in the formulation on pin-on-disk wear resistance, static mechanical properties, and squalene-initiated accelerated thermal aging. The wear rate decreased significantly with increasing XPE content in UHMWPE/XPE and increasing radiation dose used in the XPE preparation. The UHMWPE/XPE blends displayed improved oxidation resistance in the presence of the pro-oxidant squalene compared to vitamin E-blended UHMWPE irradiated to 125 kGy after consolidation. Strength and toughness of the UHMWPE/XPE blends decreased with increasing radiation dose and increasing XPE content; and these were comparable to those measured with the consolidated and irradiated vitamin E-blended UHMWPE. Blending UHMWPE with XPE is a feasible approach to create a wear resistant UHMWPE with more active vitamin E available for long-term oxidative protection of the polymer as the radiation exposure of the vitamin-E in the vitamin E-blended UHMWPE matrix is minimized. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 716-723, 2019.
Fatigue and switching in ferroelectric memories: Theory and experiment (1990)

A theoretical model of fatigue in ferroelectric thin-film memories based upon impact ionization (e.g., Ti+4 to Ti+3 conversion in PbZr1−xTixO3), resulting in dendritic growth of oxygen-deficient filaments, is presented. The predictions of spontaneous polarization versus switching cycles Ps(N) are compared with both Monte Carlo simulations for a two-dimensional Ising model and with experimental data on small-grain (40 nm) sol-gel PZT films. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. In addition to modeling the Ps(N) curves, the theory developed explains the observed linear proportionality between switching time ts(N) and polarization Ps(N) during fatigue; other models of aging do not account for this. Earlier theories of switching are also extended to include finite grain sizes, surface nucleation, triangular drive pulses, and dipolar forces. Good agreement with sol-gel PZT switching data is obtained.
Hardware Specialization for Distributed Computing (2021)

Several trends in the IT industry are driving an increasing specialization of the hardware layers. On the one hand, demanding workloads, large data volumes, diversity in data types, etc. are all factors contributing to make general purpose computing too inefficient. On the other hand, cloud computing and its economies of scale allow vendors to invest on specialized hardware for particular tasks that otherwise would be too expensive or consume resources needed elsewhere. In this talk I will discuss the shift towards hardware acceleration and show with several examples why specialized systems are here to stay and are likely to dominate the computer landscape for years to come. I will also discuss Enzian, an open research platform developed at ETH to enable the exploration of hardware acceleration and present some preliminary results achieved with it.
Multiple Refocusing in NMR Spectroscopy: Compensation of Pulse Imperfections by Scalar Couplings (2004)

When applying multiple refocusing pulses to characterize the cross-correlated relaxation of heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence 2NxHx in biomolecules, the unavoidable effects of pulse imperfections are compensated by the scalar couplings between nitrogen atoms and protons. The experiment, which is useful as a tool for studying slow internal dynamics of biomolecules, greatly benefits from this compensation. The underlying effect is a manifestation of an interchange between three noncommuting components of the density operator. One perturbing Hamiltonian is counteracted by another, which leads to a nearly complete suppression of the perturbation. The effect proves to be an example of a hitherto unknown phenomenon in NMR spectroscopy.
The extent of the Cooper pair insulator phase in amorphous Pb$_{0.9}$Bi$_{0.1}$ nanohoneycomb films (2012)

of Physics -Amorphous Bi nanohoneycomb (NHC) thin films, which contain a nanometer-scale array of holes and regular thickness undulations, exhibit an insulating phase made up of localized Cooper pairs (CPs) near their thickness-driven insulator to superconductor transition (IST).This Cooper pair insulator (CPI) phase includes a giant magnetoresistance peak, also observed in InO x and TiN.We have now produced NHC films of a new material, Pb 0.9 Bi 0.1 , that show a qualitatively similar CPI phase.We will show the evolution of this CPI phase from deep in the insulating state to the IST using transport measurements.Throughout this regime, we will track the appearance, growth, and range of the magnetoresistance oscillations (which indicate CP transport) and giant magnetoresistance peak.Considering these observations, we will discuss the likely extent of CP transport in these insulators.
3D-SoC integration utilizing high accuracy wafer level bonding (2016)

This paper describes ultra-fine pitch 3D integration development using wafer level Cu/insulator hybrid bonding approach on 300mm substrate. Via-middle process with TSV dimension of 5×50μm is utilized to demonstrate and characterize vertical interconnects formed via face-to-face wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding. Key process steps are introduced with specific requirements and challenges. A non-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> insulator is studied and chosen to enable a high mechanical bond strength with a low temperature anneal (≤250 °C). High alignment accuracy (<; 400nm) is achieved with an advanced bonding system, which allows comprehensive characterizations of interconnect pitch scaling through various test structures. Finally, a high repeatability of the electrical performance of 3.6 μm pitch bonded structures is demonstrated statistically across numerous wafer pairs thanks to the precise Cu-Cu contacts established during bonding.
Effective low capacity status prediction for cloud systems (2021)

In cloud systems, an accurate capacity planning is very important for cloud provider to improve service availability. Traditional methods simply predicting "when the available resources is exhausted" are not effective due to customer demand fragmentation and platform allocation constraints. In this paper, we propose a novel prediction approach which proactively predicts the level of resource allocation failures from the perspective of low capacity status. By jointly considering the data from different sources in both time series form and static form, the proposed approach can make accurate LCS predictions in a complex and dynamic cloud environment, and thereby improve the service availability of cloud systems. The proposed approach is evaluated by real-world datasets collected from a large scale public cloud platform, and the results confirm its effectiveness.