gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise-equivalent sensitivity of photoacoustics (2013)

The fundamental limitations of photoacoustic microscopy for detecting optically absorbing molecules are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. We experimentally demonstrate noise-equivalent detection sensitivities of 160,000 methylene blue molecules (270 zeptomol or 2.7×10-19 mol) and 86,000 oxygenated hemoglobin molecules (140 zeptomol) using narrowband continuous-wave photoacoustics. The ultimate sensitivity of photoacoustics is fundamentally limited by thermal noise, which can present in the acoustic detection system as well as in the medium itself. Under the optimized conditions described herein and using commercially available detectors, photoacoustic microscopy can detect as few as 100s of oxygenated hemoglobin molecules. Realizable improvements to the detector may enable single molecule detection of select molecules.
Fatigue Life Prediction for Elastomeric Structures (2007)

Abstract Elastomeric structures subjected to fluctuating loads can fail due to the nucleation and growth of cracks. To prevent such failures requires understanding of the physics underlying fatigue failure, approaches for characterizing material behavior, and methods for evaluating the effects of a given duty cycle. Duty cycles can be complex, often involving simultaneous loading in multiple directions, and non-periodic variations of the load. By considering how the loads applied to a structure are transformed into the experiences of individual cracks, a rational framework for predicting fatigue life can be developed.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Distinct Patterns of Dysregulated Expression of Enzymes Involved in Androgen Synthesis and Metabolism in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 53K, Association of expression of transcripts involved in steroid synthesis and metabolism with AR transcriptional output in metastatic PCas&lt;/p&gt;
Discovery of Novel Small Molecules that Block Myofibroblast Formation: Implications for Capsular Contracture Treatment (2019)

Several novel small molecules with anti-TGF-β activity can effectively prevent human capsular fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in vitro, even in the presence of radiation. These results highlight novel therapeutic options that may be utilized in the future to prevent radiation-induced capsular contracture.
A comparison of linear interpolation models for iterative CT reconstruction (2016)

In many scenarios, Joseph's method seems to offer an interesting compromise between cost and computational effort. The distance-driven method offers the possibility to reduce bias but with an increase in computational cost. The bilinear method indicated that a key assumption in the other two methods is highly robust. Last, strong edge-preserving penalty can act as a compensator for insufficiencies in the forward projection model, bringing all models to similar levels in the most challenging imaging scenarios. Also, the authors find that their evaluation methodology helps appreciating how model, statistical weights, and penalty term interplay together.
Ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of phenolic constituents in honey from various floral sources using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as extraction sorbents (2015)

An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method has been developed for the simultaneous separation, identification and determination of 22 phenolic constituents in honey from various floral sources from Yemen. Solid-phase extraction was used for extraction of the target phenolic constituents from honey samples, while multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used as solid-phase adsorbent. The chromatographic separation of all phenolic constituents was performed on a BEH C18 column using a linear gradient elution with a binary mobile phase mixture of aqueous 0.1% formic acid and methanol. The quantitation was carried out in selected ion reaction monitoring acquisition mode. The total amount of phenolic acids, flavonoids and other phenols in each analyzed honey was found in the range of 338-3312, 122-5482 and 2.4-1342 μg/100 g of honey, respectively. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be the major phenolic acid. The main detected flavonoid was chrysin, while cinnamic acid was found to be the major other phenol compound. The regeneration of solid phase adsorbent to be reused and recovery results confirm that the proposed method could be potentially used for the routine analysis of phenolic constituents in honey extract.
Dihydroxylation of styrene by sodium chlorite with scandium triflate (2016)

Abstract Dihydroxylation of styrene by chlorite (ClO 2 − ) with scandium triflate [Sc(OTf) 3 ] occurs efficiently to produce 1‐phenylethane‐1,2‐diol under the ambient conditions. Scandium triflate acting as a strong Lewis acid is found to accelerate the disproportionation of ClO 2 − to produce ClO − and ClO 3 − . A scandium‐chlorine dioxide complex (Sc 3+ ClO 2 • ) is generated by the reaction of ClO − with ClO 2 − in the presence of Sc 3 + . The binding of Sc 3 + to ClO 2 • was detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, enhancing the reactivity and selectivity of styrene hydroxylation.
Solitomab, an epithelial cell adhesion molecule/CD3 bispecific antibody (BiTE), is highly active against primary chemotherapy‐resistant ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and fresh tumor cells ex vivo (2014)

Solitomab may represent a novel, potentially effective agent for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancers that overexpress EpCAM.
An Alternative Numerical Model for Investigating Three- Dimensional Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood (2019)

A proper design of exhaust hood geometry is very much essential in order to improve the overall efficiency of the steam turbine plant. The geometry of the non-axisymmetric exhaust hood makes the fluid flow at the exit of the steam turbine to be radially and circumferentially non-uniform. This work involves computational simulation of steam turbine asymmetric exhaust hood flows by incorporating the actuator-disc concept. The ANSYS FLUENT, finite volume based CFD solver is used for the present computational study. In the present simulation, the implementation of actuator disc boundary conditions with and without tip leakage is described in detail. The Actuator disc model approach exhibits a similar steam turbine exhaust hood flow asymmetry and static pressure recovery compared with the results reported in the literature, highlighting the applicability of the present model in coupling the rotor tip leakage jet with the steam turbine hood flow structure with less computational effort.
Difference in effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on cGMP in aortic and coronary smooth muscle cells (1992)

Blood vessels show a heterogeneous response to the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). In our experiments thoracic aorta from the guinea pig relaxed in response to atriopeptin III (AP; rat ANP-103-126) and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). In contrast, in perfused guinea pig hearts, AP III produced no change in coronary flow, while SNP increased flow. In smooth muscle cells cultured from the coronary system (CASM) and from the thoracic aorta (TASM), we compared receptor binding and the effects on guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) production of AP III. AP III bound specifically with equal affinity and with equivalent numbers of binding sites in both cell types. AP III produced a dose-dependent increase in cGMP in TASM (50% effective concentration approximately 3 nM) with a maximum 11-fold increase over basal at 1 microM AP III. In contrast, in CASM, AP III failed to increase cGMP. Nitroprusside increased cGMP in both cell types. Autoradiograms of 125I-labeled AP III linked to cell membranes showed bands at 70 kDa (ANP-C receptor) in both cell types. A second band at 140 kDa (ANP-B receptor) was only seen in TASM. These results suggest that smooth muscle cells of coronary resistance vessels of the guinea pig do not express the particulate guanylyl cyclase that is activated by ANP.
The diagnostic performance of a novel ELISA for human CTP (Cochlin-tomoprotein) to detect perilymph leakage (2018)

Perilymphatic fistula is defined as an abnormal communication between the perilymph-filled space and the middle ear, or cranial spaces. The manifestations include a broad spectrum of neuro-otological symptoms such as hearing loss, vertigo/dizziness, disequilibrium, aural fullness, tinnitus, and cognitive dysfunction. By sealing the fistula, perilymphatic fistula is a surgically correctable disease. Also, appropriate recognition and treatment of perilymphatic fistula can improve a patient's condition and hence the quality of life. However, the difficulty in making a definitive diagnosis due to the lack of an appropriate biomarker to detect perilymph leakage has caused a long-standing debate regarding its management. We have reported a clinical test for the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula by detecting a perilymph specific protein, Cochlin-tomoprotein, as a diagnostic marker using a western blot. The aim of this study is to establish an ELISA-based human Cochlin-tomoprotein detection test and to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy in clinical subjects. The results of ELISA showed good dilution reproducibility. The mean concentration was 49.7±9.4 of 10 perilymph samples. The ROC curve in differentiating the perilymph leakage condition from the normal middle ear was significant (P < 0.001) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.918 (95% CI 0.824-0.100). We defined the diagnostic criteria as follows: CTP<0.4 negative; 0.4≦CTP<0.8 intermediate; 0.8≦CTP(ng/ml) positive in the clinical usage of the hCTP ELISA, and sensitivity and specificity were 86.4% and 100%, respectively. We further tested the expression specificity of the Cochlin-tomoprotein by testing blood and CSF samples. The concentration was below the detection limit (0.2 ng/ml) in 38 of the 40 blood, and 14 of the 19 CSF samples. We report the accuracy of this test for the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula. Using ELISA, we can improve the throughput of the test. Furthermore, it is useful for a large-scale study to characterize the clinical picture and delineate the management of this medical condition.
Thirty-Day Mortality After Elective Total Hip Arthroplasty (2001)

Factors that are associated with an increased risk of mortality within thirty days after elective hip arthroplasty include an older age, male gender, and a history of cardiorespiratory disease. There has been a significant decline in the thirty-day mortality rate after elective hip arthroplasty in the last decade (p < 0.0002); during the 1990s, the overall rate at our institution was 0.15% (twenty-three of 14,989).
Rewarming of healthy volunteers after induced mild hypothermia: a healthy volunteer study (2005)

For patients with mild hypothermia and in whom shivering is not contraindicated our data would indicate that the rate of re-warming would be little different whether a blanket or one of the two active devices were used. In the field, this may provide the caregiver a useful choice.
Two-dimensional particle-in-cell Monte Carlo simulation of a miniature inductively coupled plasma source (2010)

Two-dimensional axisymmetric particle-in-cell simulations with Monte Carlo collision calculations (PIC-MCC) have been conducted to investigate argon microplasma characteristics of a miniature inductively coupled plasma source with a 5-mm-diameter planar coil, where the radius and length are 5 mm and 6 mm, respectively. Coupling the rf-electromagnetic fields to the plasma is carried out based on a collisional model and a kinetic model. The former employs the cold-electron approximation and the latter incorporates warm-electron effects. The numerical analysis has been performed for pressures in the range 370–770 mTorr and at 450 MHz rf powers below 3.5 W, and then the PIC-MCC results are compared with available experimental data and fluid simulation results. The results show that a considerably thick sheath structure can be seen compared with the plasma reactor size and the electron energy distribution is non-Maxwellian over the entire plasma region. As a result, the distribution of the electron temperature is quite different from that obtained in the fluid model. The electron temperature as a function of rf power is in a reasonable agreement with experimental data. The pressure dependence of the plasma density shows different tendency between the collisional and kinetic model, implying noncollisional effects even at high pressures due to the high rf frequency, where the electron collision frequency is less than the rf driving frequency.
Hypertension, blood pressure control and diabetic retinopathy in a large population-based study (2020)

In a population-based sample of Asian adults with diabetes and hypertension, treated but poorly controlled as well as untreated hypertension were significantly associated with any-DR. Among the BP components, higher SBP and PP levels were associated with both any-DR and VTDR. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
Long-term consequences of the delay between virologic failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy and regimen modification (2008)

Delay in modification after failure of regimens that do not contain a protease inhibitor is associated with increased mortality. Protease inhibitor-based regimens are less dependent on early versus delayed switching strategies. Efforts should be made to minimize delay until treatment modification in resource-poor regions, where the majority of patients are starting reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens and HIV RNA monitoring may not be available.
Immunogenicity, Tolerability and Safety in Adolescents of Bivalent rLP2086, a Meningococcal Serogroup B Vaccine, Coadministered with Quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine (2016)

Concomitant administration of bivalent rLP2086 and HPV-4 elicits robust immune responses to both vaccines without increasing reactogenicity compared with bivalent rLP2086 alone. Concurrent administration may increase compliance with both vaccine schedules.
Skin aging and photoaging (2015)

Skin aging is a complex process resulting in several functional and aesthetic changes. It can be divided into two basic processes: intrinsic or programmed aging and photoaging.
Spin‐Coated Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Thin Films—Towards a New Generation of Low‐Dielectric‐Constant Materials (2005)

Abstract Periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) thin films have been produced using an evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) spin‐coating procedure and a cationic surfactant template. The precursors are silsesquioxanes of the type (C 2 H 5 O) 3 Si–R–Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 or R′–[Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 3 ] 3 with R = methene (–CH 2 –), ethylene (–C 2 H 2 –), ethene (–C 2 H 4 –), 1,4‐phenylene (C 6 H 4 ), and R′ = 1,3,5‐phenylene (C 6 H 3 ). The surfactant is successfully removed by solvent extraction or calcination without any significant Si–C bond cleavage of the organic bridging groups R and R′ within the channel walls. The materials have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and 29 Si and 13 C magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The d ‐spacing of the PMOs is found to be a function of R. Nanoindentation measurements reveal increased mechanical strength and stiffness for the PMOs with R = CH 2 and C 2 H 4 compared to silica. Films with different organic‐group content have been prepared using mixtures of silsesquioxane and tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) precursors. The dielectric constant ( k ) is found to decrease with organic content, and values as low as 1.8 have been measured for films thermally treated to cause a “self‐hydrophobizing” bridging‐to‐terminal transformation of the methene to methyl groups with concomitant loss of silanols. Increasing the organic content and thermal treatment also increases the resistance to moisture adsorption in 60 and 80 %‐relative‐humidity (RH) environments. Methene PMO films treated at 500 °C are found to be practically unchanged after five days exposure to 80 % RH. These low dielectric constants, plus the good thermal and mechanical stability and the hydrophobicity suggest the potential utility of these films as low‐ k layers in microelectronics.
Sensitization Reaction of Oxime Type Photoacid Generator (2008)

Pyrromethene dye/oxime type of photoacid generator (PAG) photoinitiating system based on the singlet electron transfer mechanism was found. The photoacid generation quantum yield (φacid) for the sensitization by the pyrromethene dye was much higher than that for the direct excitation of the PAG, giving a high sensitivity to the photopolymer. The sensitizer/PAG photoinitiating system was extended in UV light area with an anthracene derivative. The electric structure of the PAG and the radical anion were estimated by the ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculation. The corresponding PAG radical anions give reasonable result for the enhancement of φacid.
Carbon Monoxide Addition to Transition Metal Complexes: Bent Metal Carbonyl Transition States (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon Monoxide Addition to Transition Metal Complexes: Bent Metal Carbonyl Transition StatesFaraj Abu-Hasanayn, Karsten Krogh-Jespersen, and Alan S. GoldmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 13, 5979–5980Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00092a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00092a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interfacial Reaction between Titanium Thin Films and Aluminum Nitride Substrates (1999)

Interdiffusion and reaction at the interface between titanium thin films and AlN have been studied by using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Ti 2 AlN is formed as a result of reaction with titanium and AlN at temperatures of 800°‐950°C. The activation energy for Ti 2 AlN formation in the temperature range of 800°‐850°C is 224 kJ/mol, which is similar to that of nitrogen diffusion in titanium. Therefore, the formation of Ti 2 AlN is believed to be controlled by the diffusion of nitrogen in titanium.
Ciprofloxacin Induction of a Susceptibility Determinant in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2005)

With few novel antimicrobials in development, resistance to the current selection of antibiotics increasingly encroaches on our ability to control microbial infections. One limitation in our understanding of the basis of the constraints on current therapies is our poor understanding of antibiotic interactions with bacteria on a global scale. Custom DNA microarrays were used to characterize the response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone commonly used in therapy against chronic infections by this intrinsically resistant bacterium. Of the approximately 5,300 open reading frames (ORFs) on the array, 941 genes showed statistically significant (P </= 0.05) differential expression in response to 0.3x MIC of ciprofloxacin; 554 were promoted and 387 were repressed. Most striking among the responsive genes was the region between PA0613 and PA0648, which codes for the bacteriophage-like R2/F2 pyocins. In this region, virtually every ORF was increased by 0.3x MIC of ciprofloxacin and even more dramatically up-regulated (7- to 19-fold) following treatment with 1x MIC of ciprofloxacin. Pyocin gene expression was confirmed with lux reporter mutants and real-time PCR studies; pyocin-like particles were also present in transmission electron micrographs of supernatants from cells treated with 1x MIC of ciprofloxacin. Interestingly, mutants in this region exhibited >/=8-fold-increased resistance to ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones, demonstrating that this region is a susceptibility determinant. Since this region is known to be variably present in the genomes of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa (R. K. Ernst et al., Environ. Microbiol. 5:1341-1349, 2003, and M. C. Wolfgang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:8484-8489, 2003), these findings demonstrate that the R2/F2 pyocin region is a "loaded gun" that can mediate fluoroquinolone susceptibility in P. aeruginosa.
An automated high-content synaptic phenotyping platform in human neurons and astrocytes reveals a role for BET proteins in synapse assembly (2022)

ABSTRACT Resolving fundamental molecular and functional processes underlying human synaptic development is crucial for understanding normal brain function as well as dysfunction in disease. Based upon increasing evidence of species divergent features of brain cell types, coupled with emerging studies of complex human disease genetics, we developed the first automated and quantitative high-content synaptic phenotyping platform using human neurons and astrocytes. To establish the robustness of our platform, we screened the effects of 376 small molecules on presynaptic density, neurite outgrowth and cell viability, validating six small molecules which specifically enhanced human presynaptic density in vitro . Astrocytes were essential for mediating the effects of all six small molecules, underscoring the relevance of non-cell autonomous factors in synapse assembly and their importance in synaptic screening applications. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors emerged as the most prominent hit class and global transcriptional analyses using multiple BET inhibitors confirmed upregulation of synaptic gene expression programs. Through these analyses, we demonstrate the robustness of our automated screening platform for identifying potent synaptic modulators, which can be further leveraged for scaled analyses of human synaptic mechanisms and drug discovery efforts.
Multiplicity and plasticity of natural killer cell signaling pathways (2005)

Natural killer (NK) cells express an array of activating receptors that associate with DAP12 (KARAP), CD3zeta, and/or FcRgamma ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif)-bearing signaling subunits. In T and mast cells, ITAM-dependent signals are integrated by critical scaffolding elements such as LAT (linker for activation of T cells) and NTAL (non-T-cell activation linker). Using mice that are deficient for ITAM-bearing molecules, LAT or NTAL, we show that NK cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma secretion are initiated by ITAM-dependent and -independent as well as LAT/NTAL-dependent and -independent pathways. The role of these various signaling circuits depends on the target cell as well as on the activation status of the NK cell. The multiplicity and the plasticity of the pathways that initiate NK cell effector functions contrast with the situation in T cells and B cells and provide an explanation for the resiliency of NK cell effector functions to various pharmacologic inhibitors and genetic mutations in signaling molecules.