gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Are oncologists using genome sequencing results to inform patient care? (2015)

e12525 Background: Precision oncology relies on genomic sequencing to inform diagnostic and treatment strategies customized to an individual patient. Yet, as genome sequencing becomes more integrated into clinical care, little is known about if and how oncologists are communicating results to patients and using sequence information to alter cancer treatment plans. Methods: Oncologists referring patients with advanced or refractory cancer to the Michigan Oncology Sequencing (MI-ONCOSEQ) study were asked to complete a survey assessing the implications of their patients' genomic sequencing results. After a discussion of the patient’s sequencing results at a multidisciplinary precision medicine tumor board (PMTB), an electronic copy of the research findings and link to an online survey were sent to the referring oncologist. Results: Forty-three oncologists (65% hematology/oncology; 37% female; 12% MD and PhD) who referred 111 adult patients completed the survey (response rate 94%). Most (65%) attended the PMTB meeting when their patient was presented. Upon receiving the MI-ONCOSEQ report, 78% of oncologists indicated that they will not make changes or they are unsure about making changes to their patient’s treatment based on the results (No 51%; Unsure 27%; Yes 22%). The most common reason for not making a change to treatment was a reported lack of locally available trials offering therapies that targeted the relevant genomic finding (41%). Other reasons include the results not presenting clinically significant information (33%) or the patient was responding well to the current treatment regimen (16%). The vast majority of physicians (89%) indicated that they plan to share the sequencing results with their patients. The most frequently reported reason was to better inform the patient about his/her cancer (64%). Conclusions: Most oncologists who refer patients for next generation sequencing plan to communicate results to patients and a subset intend to alter treatment plans based on sequencing results. However, notable barriers to the actionability of results exist (e.g., lack of locally available trials), and more research is needed to understand the process and impact of patient-provider communication about sequencing results.
High Efficiency Wafer Backside Cleaning with Full Coverage Megasonics Spin Process (2007)

As the technology node scales down to 45nm and beyond, removal of particles and metal contamination from wafer backsides have become critical for advanced lithography with smaller depth of focus, as well as to enable efficient metrology tool sharing between various applications. Smaller particles are usually held by van der Waals' force, and removal of these particles usually requires mechanical force, such as acoustic energy which creates cavitation. Just as the wafer frontside, backside cleaning requires full liquid coverage for high efficiency cleaning. Backside clean with full coverage backside megasonics can achieve higher particle removal efficiency (PRE), especially for smaller particles. In this paper, we report a novel full coverage backside megasonic spin process that demonstrates high PRE and metal contamination removal and achieve high PRE for advanced lithography and wafer metrology.
Design of nanostructured hybrid materials: twin polymerization of urethane-based twin prepolymers (2018)

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials with urethane functionalities were obtained by simultaneous twin polymerization of twin prepolymers in combination with the ideal twin monomer 2,2'-spirobi[4<i>H</i>-1,3,2-benzodioxasiline]. The twin prepolymers consist of a urethane-based prepolymer with reactive terminal groups which can react during the twin polymerization process. Nanostructured hybrid materials with integrated dialkylsiloxane crosslinked urethane structures, phenolic resin and SiO<sub>2</sub> are obtained in a one pot process. The effects of the polymerization temperature as well as those of various catalysts and reagent ratios on the polymerization behavior were investigated. The molecular structures of the obtained materials were determined by <sup>13</sup>C- and <sup>29</sup>Si-{<sup>1</sup>H}-CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies. HAADF-STEM-measurements were performed to prove the distribution of silicon in the hybrid material.
A deep learning approach for complex microstructure inference (2021)

Automated, reliable, and objective microstructure inference from micrographs is essential for a comprehensive understanding of process-microstructure-property relations and tailored materials development. However, such inference, with the increasing complexity of microstructures, requires advanced segmentation methodologies. While deep learning offers new opportunities, an intuition about the required data quality/quantity and a methodological guideline for microstructure quantification is still missing. This, along with deep learning's seemingly intransparent decision-making process, hampers its breakthrough in this field. We apply a multidisciplinary deep learning approach, devoting equal attention to specimen preparation and imaging, and train distinct U-Net architectures with 30-50 micrographs of different imaging modalities and electron backscatter diffraction-informed annotations. On the challenging task of lath-bainite segmentation in complex-phase steel, we achieve accuracies of 90% rivaling expert segmentations. Further, we discuss the impact of image context, pre-training with domain-extrinsic data, and data augmentation. Network visualization techniques demonstrate plausible model decisions based on grain boundary morphology.
Development of a multiplex PCR assay to detect the major clonal complexes of Streptococcus suis relevant to human infection (2016)

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is considered a reliable method for providing insight into the Streptococcus suis population structure, clonal relationships and the potential of particular clones to cause disease. Indeed, MLST has revealed the presence of several clonal complexes (CCs) within the Streptococcus suis population. However, the method is costly, time-consuming and difficult to use for screening large numbers of isolates. In this study, a multiplex PCR assay was developed to identify Streptococcus suis CCs that are relevant to human infections. The multiplex PCR assay was capable of simultaneously distinguishing CC1, CC25, CC28, CC104, CC221/234 and CC233/379, which are related to human infections in Thailand, in a single reaction. The multiplex PCR assay is useful for low-cost screening of large numbers of isolates with rapid analytical capacity and could be utilized in most laboratories.
Experimental investigation of cavitation in superfluidHe4 (1994)

We present the results of experiments to study cavitation in liquid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ at negative pressures. A focused sound wave is used to generate a negative pressure in a small region of the liquid, and the cavitation is detected by light scattering. We have studied the cavitation as a function of the temperature and static pressure applied to the liquid. We are able to observe the statistical nature of the cavitation process, and to determine the nucleation barrier and the attempt frequency. The results for the attempt frequency are lower than expected for homogeneous nucleation. We discuss the possibility that the nucleation is occurring on quantized vortices. The tensile strength at constant pressure decreases slowly with increasing temperature in the range 0.8 to 1.5 K, drops rapidly as the temperature approaches the \ensuremath{\lambda} point, and then decreases slowly above ${\mathit{T}}_{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$.
First-Pass Myocardial Perfusion MR Imaging with Interleaved Notched Saturation: Feasibility Study (2001)

The authors evaluated a magnetization preparation scheme with a "notched" section profile for T1-weighted first-pass myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T. The pulse sequence consisted of a preparation sequence followed by an interleaved gradient-echo echo-planar sequence. Image contrast was evaluated in a feasibility study in 12 adult patients. The notched saturation pulse allowed long magnetization recovery times without sacrificing section coverage. Image contrast between normal and ischemic myocardium was excellent.
A new PCR primer for the identification ofParacoccidioides brasiliensisbased on rRNA sequences coding the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5·8S regions (2000)

Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes including the 5.8S ribosomal (r)RNA of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were amplified and the DNA sequences were determined. Based on a comparison of the sequence information, a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pair was designed for specific amplification of DNA for P. brasiliensis. This primer pair amplified a 418-bp DNA sequence and was 100% successful in identifying 29 strains of P. brasiliensis (including the reference strains) isolated from the regions of Brazil, Costa Rica, Japan, Argentina or from different sources. The results of specificity tests of these primers to compare the fungus with those of Aspergillus fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Penicillium marneffei are also reported.
Shear‐Responsive Platelet Mimetics for Targeted Drug Delivery (2013)

Abstract Most targeted drug delivery approaches utilize molecular targets or regional variations in chemical or structural properties of the tissue microenvironment to localize drug at disease sites. Here we briefly describe a novel nanotherapeutic drug delivery platform that relies upon local mechanical activation by high fluid shear stresses to selectively target drugs to sites of vascular obstruction. This strategy is based on the use of microscale aggregates of nanoparticles that are shear sensitive and break up into individual nanoscale components that adhere to the surface of stenotic vessels in regions of abnormally high fluid shear stress, much as natural platelets do. This biomimetic approach to targeted drug delivery offers a potential new therapeutic approach for treatment of pulmonary embolism, stroke, atherosclerosis, and other hemodynamic‐related disorders that are caused by vascular clots, stenosis or obstruction.
Complement in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (1988)

Journal Article Complement in chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus Get access Th. Hunziker, Th. Hunziker Dept of Dermatology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.E. Mollnes, T.E. Mollnes Institute of Immunology and Rheumatology The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Misiano, G. Misiano Institute of Haematology and Immunology University of Strasbourg, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.J. Späth P.J. Späth Central Laboratory of the Swiss Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service CH‐3000, Berne 22, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 1, 1 January 1988, Pages 131–133, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb01762.x Published: 01 January 1988
Effect of Hb-Encapsulation with Vesicles on H2O2 Reaction and Lipid Peroxidation (2002)

We encapsulated a purified and concentrated hemoglobin (Hb) solution with a phospholipid bilayer membrane to form Hb vesicles (particle diameter, ca. 250 nm) for the development of artificial oxygen carriers. Reaction of Hb inside the vesicle with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is one of the important safety issues to be clarified and compared with a free Hb solution. During the reaction of the Hb solution with H(2)O(2), metHb (Fe(III)) and ferrylHb (Fe(IV)=O) are produced, and H(2)O(2) is decomposed by the catalase-like reaction of Hb. The aggregation of discolored Hb products due to heme degradation is accompanied by the release of iron (ferric ion). On the other hand, the concentrated Hb within the Hb vesicle reacts with H(2)O(2) that permeated through the bilayer membrane, and the same products as the Hb solution are formed inside the vesicle. However, there is no turbidity change, no particle diameter change of the Hb vesicles, and no peroxidation of lipids comprising the vesicles after the reaction with H(2)O(2). Furthermore, no free iron is detected outside the vesicle, though ferric ion is released from the denatured Hb inside the vesicle, indicating the barrier effect of the bilayer membrane against the permeation of ferric ion. When vesicles composed of egg york lecithin (EYL) as unsaturated lipids are added to the mixture of Hb and H(2)O(2), the lipid peroxidation is caused by ferrylHb and hydroxyl radical generated from reaction of the ferric iron with H(2)O(2), whereas no lipid peroxidation is observed in the case of the Hb vesicle dispersion because the saturated lipid membrane of the Hb vesicle should prevent the interaction of the ferrylHb or ferric iron with the EYL.
Differences in memory for what, where, and when components of recently-formed episodes (2020)

An integral feature of human memory is the ability to recall past events. What distinguishes such episodic memory from associative and semantic memories is the joint encoding and retrieval of “what,” “where,” and “when” (WWW) of events. Here, we investigated whether the WWW components of episodes are retrieved with equal fidelity. Using a novel task where human participants were probed on the WWW components of a recently-viewed synthetic movie, we found fundamental differences in mnemonic accuracy between these components. The memory of “when” had the lowest accuracy and was most severely influenced by primacy and recency. Further, the memory of “when” and “where” were most susceptible to interference due to changes in memory load. These findings suggest that episodes are not stored and retrieved as a coherent whole. Rather, memory components preserve a degree of independence, suggesting that remembering coherent episodes is an active reconstruction process.
Isolation and properties of extracellular proteinases of Penicillium marneffei (2006)

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus native to Southeast Asia. Disease caused by this organism, until recently a very rare condition, has increased dramatically in parallel with the increase in the number of individuals in the region immunocompromised by AIDS and other conditions. While much research has been performed on the control of dimorphic switching in P. marneffei, there is a relative dearth of information regarding the proteinases secreted by this pathogen. Our laboratory has purified and characterized two proteinases produced by this organism in liquid culture and cloned the gene of a third. Both the recombinant enzyme expressed from the cloned gene and one of those purified from culture supernatants have been identified as members of the eqolisin family, a group of pepstatin-insensitive acid proteinases. The other enzyme purified from a culture supernatant is a serine proteinase with activity in the neutral pH range. These enzymes appear to be differentially expressed, depending on culture conditions.
Beitrag zum hyperosmolaren, nichtacidotischen Koma bei Diabetes mellitus* (1964)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Emborrhoid technique for hemorrhoidal disease. What we need to know? (2017)

La maladie hemorroidaire, bien que connue de longue date, a vu son traitement evoluer de maniere spectaculaire ces dix dernieres annees. Parmi les nouvelles methodes mini-invasives, la technique « Emborrhoid » consiste a emboliser essentiellement par micro-coils et eventuellement par microparticules les branches arterielles hemorroidaires provenant des arteres rectales superieures (ARS). Cette technique basee sur un concept physiopathologique demontre a ete evaluee sur modele animal, puis dans le cadre de la recherche clinique sur plus de cent patients. Aucune complication d’ordre ischemique n’a ete recensee. Les etudes decrivent une amelioration de 60 a 80 % des symptomes, avec en moyenne 30 % de recidives a un an. Ces recidives sont vraisemblablement en rapport avec une embolisation techniquement incomplete. Les perspectives de recherche se portent sur une embolisation plus selective avec notamment des agents d’embolisation particulaires.
Familial pancreatic cancer: a review. (1996)

The cause of pancreatic cancer remains elusive. The most consistently identified epidemiological risk factor is cigarette smoking. Genetic factors are known to play a significant role in perhaps 5% of the total pancreatic cancer burden. Recent discoveries in molecular biology, particularly germline mutations in inherited conditions which feature pancreatic cancer as an integral part of the tumor spectrum such as in adenomatosis polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, provide powerful incentive to search for other "cancer genes" in this heterogeneous disease. Early detection of this dreadful disease is crucial because its mortality rate approximates its incidence; the ability to identify high-risk patients on the basis of genetic analysis would significantly enhance the potential for early diagnosis. This review addresses the genetic epidemiology of pancreatic cancer and updates our views on screening, surgery, chemotherapy, and genetic counseling, all of which must be used to gain value from genetic predictability of risk status.
MULTIFOCAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENTS BY RETICULUM CELL SARCOMA (1984)

Patients with systemic reticulum cell sarcoma often develop evidence of ocular involvement months or several years prior to the onset of neurologic symptoms. This neoplasm appears to have proclivity of arising multicentrically within the subpigment epithelial space, as well as in the vitreous. When this occurs it may produce a peculiar ophthalmoscopic picture of multiple large, solid detachments of the pigment epithelium that is rarely duplicated by any other disease. Three patients illustrating this disease are presented.
Choroid plexus APP regulates adult brain proliferation and animal behavior (2019)

Abstract Elevated amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in the choroid plexus suggests an important role for extracellular APP metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid. Despite widespread App brain expression, we hypothesized that specifically targeting choroid plexus expression could alter animal physiology. Through various genetic and viral approaches in the adult mouse, we show that choroid plexus APP levels significantly impacted proliferation in both subventricular zone and hippocampus dentate gyrus neurogenic niches. Given the role of Aβ peptides in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis, we also tested whether favoring the production of Aβ in choroid plexus could negatively affect niche functions. After AAV5-mediated long-term expression of human mutated APP specifically in the choroid plexus of adult wild type mice, we observe reduced niche proliferation, behavioral defects in reversal learning, and deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Our findings highlight the unique role played by the choroid plexus in regulating brain function, and suggest that targeting APP in choroid plexus may provide a means to improve hippocampus function and alleviate disease-related burdens.
Performance analysis of multitone direct-sequence spread spectrum in the presence of carrier frequency offset (2009)

It is well known that accurate synchronization is more critical in multicarrier systems than in single carrier systems. Here we provide new analytical and computer simulation results for performance of MT-DS-SS signaling in the presence of imperfect carrier synchronization, modeled as frequency offset with Gaussian statistics. We investigate performance as a function of frequency offset standard deviation, the number of subcarriers and per-subcarrier processing gain. Random spreading codes are used, and we assume coherent BPSK modulation. Comparisons between simulations and analysis show excellent agreement, and also show the expected increased sensitivity of MT-DS-SS to frequency offset, compared with single-carrier DS-SS.
Correction: Monoclonal Antibody RYSK173 Recognizes the Dinuclear Zn Center of Serum Carnosinase 1 (CN-1): Possible Consequences of Zn Binding for CN-1 Recognition by RYSK173 (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146831.].
Cu patterning on Si substrate using solution-processed Ti–Cu oxide films and electroless plating (2016)

Abstract We demonstrated for the first time the Cu patterning on Si using Ti and Cu oxide (TiCu-ox) films patterned by photolithography and electroless plating without etching or surface modification. The TiCu-ox films had a porous structure and acted as adhesion layers. The TiCu-ox films were patterned by photolithography on Si and glass for comparison, followed by Cu deposition by electroless plating. Fine Cu patterns on the patterned TiCu-ox films were formed. The smallest line/space widths on glass and Si were 3.2/0.8 and 3.6/4.4 µm, respectively. The deposited Cu layers had high adhesion strength and low sheet resistance.
Subcellular reprogramming of metabolism during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana (2016)

Metabolite changes in plant leaves during exposure to low temperatures involve re-allocation of a large number of metabolites between sub-cellular compartments. Therefore, metabolite determination at the whole cell level may be insufficient for interpretation of the functional significance of cellular compounds. To investigate the cold-induced metabolite dynamics at the level of individual sub-cellular compartments, an integrative platform was developed that combines quantitative metabolite profiling by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with the non-aqueous fractionation technique allowing separation of cytosol, vacuole and the plastidial compartment. Two mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana representing antipodes in the diversion of carbohydrate metabolism between sucrose and starch were compared to Col-0 wildtype before and after cold acclimation to investigate interactions of cold acclimation with subcellular re-programming of metabolism. A multivariate analysis of the data set revealed dominant effects of compartmentation on metabolite concentrations that were modulated by environmental condition and genetic determinants. While for both, the starchless mutant of plastidial phospho-gluco mutase (pgm) and a mutant defective in sucrose-phosphate synthase A1, metabolic constraints, especially at low temperature, could be uncovered based on subcellularly resolved metabolite profiles, only pgm had lowered freezing tolerance. Metabolic profiles of pgm point to redox imbalance as a possible reason for reduced cold acclimation capacity.
Composition ratio in In-Ga-Zn-Oxide FET and photoirradiation stability (2012)

An examination is made of the effect of the In-Ga-Zn-Oxide (IGZO) composition ratio on electric characteristics and reliability of IGZO FETs and confirmed that a higher content of In and a lower content of Ga in the IGZO enable better initial electric characteristics. However, an FET with a higher content of In in the IGZO, which is subjected to photoirradiation of a channel portion, shows an Id-Vg curve having a longer tail extending in the negative direction. Furthermore, an FET with a higher content of In in the IGZO, to which negative gate bias temperature stress is applied under photoirradiation, has a greater change in characteristics. Placing importance on stability, we propose employing an In:Ga:Zn ratio of 1:1:1 for display devices which may possibly be subjected to photoirradiation.
Star-Transformer (2019)

Qipeng Guo, Xipeng Qiu, Pengfei Liu, Yunfan Shao, Xiangyang Xue, Zheng Zhang. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.