gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydralazine-induced Changes in Tissue Perfusion and Radiation Response in A C3H Mammary Carcinoma and Mouse Normal Tissues (1991)

Hydralazine has been reported to reduce blood perfusion in tumours, thereby increasing hypoxia and subsequently enhancing tumour sensitivity to certain drugs and hyperthermia. We have investigated the ability of hydralazine to induce such changes in a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma and various normal tissues. In tumours, hydralazine (5 mg/kg; i.v.) modified the radiation response, measured by a local tumour control assay, producing an effect equivalent to that seen in tumours made fully hypoxic by clamping. This effect was time-dependent and correlated with the decrease in tissue perfusion estimated by the 86-RbCl extraction procedure. Similar effects were seen in normal skin, although the changes were less dramatic and of a shorter duration. Hydralazine also reduced 86-RbCl uptake in liver, kidney, gut and spleen, but not in bladder, muscle and lung, suggesting that it may have the potential to increase the sensitivity of some normal tissues to hypoxic cell cytotoxins.
Data from Nedd4-Binding Protein 1 and TNFAIP3-Interacting Protein 1 Control MHC-1 Display in Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Neuroblastoma is the second most common tumor in children. The cause of neuroblastoma is thought to lie in aberrant development of embryonic neural crest cells and is accompanied by low MHC-1 expression and suppression of the NF-κB transcription factor, thereby gearing cells toward escape from immunosurveillance. Here, we assess regulation of the MHC-1 gene in neuroblastoma to enhance its immunogenic potential for therapeutic T-cell targeting. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identified N4BP1 and TNIP1 as inhibitory factors of NF-κB-mediated MHC-1 expression in neuroblastoma. Patients with advanced stage neuroblastoma who expressed high levels of TNIP1 and N4BP1 exhibited worse overall survival. Depletion of N4BP1 or TNIP1 increased NF-κB and MHC-1 expression and stimulated recognition by antigen-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells. We confirmed that TNIP1 inhibited canonical NF-κB member RelA by preventing activation of the RelA/p50 NF-κB dimer. Furthermore, N4BP1 inhibited both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB through binding of deubiquitinating enzyme CEZANNE, resulting in stabilization of TRAF3 and degradation of NF-κB-inducing kinase NIK. These data suggest that N4BP1/CEZANNE or TNIP1 may be candidate targets for immunotherapy in neuroblastoma tumors and should lift NF-κB suppression, thereby triggering increased peptide/MHC1-mediated tumor reactivity to enhance therapeutic T-cell targeting.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Aberrant regulation of NF-κB and MHC-1 in neuroblastoma tumors provides new targets for immunotherapeutic approaches against neuroblastoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Activates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis through a Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-Dependent Mechanism (2004)

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a highly expressed hypothalamic transcript that is concentrated in areas associated with the stress response. There is evidence for a role of CART in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, it is not clear whether CART regulates activity of the HPA axis by directly stimulating ACTH release from pituitary corticotropes or through interaction with hypothalamic factors. To address this issue, the effects of central and peripheral administration of CART on the HPA axis were compared. Central administration of CART(55-102) (1 microg) significantly increased circulating levels of ACTH (481 +/- 122 vs. 93 +/- 14 pg/ml; CART vs. vehicle) and corticosterone (460 +/- 29 vs. 179 +/- 62 ng/ml; CART vs. vehicle). In contrast, iv injection of CART(55-102) (0.09-9.0 nmol/kg) did not significantly affect circulating levels of ACTH or corticosterone. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor antagonist Astressin B was used to determine whether CART(55-102) elicits ACTH secretion via a CRF receptor-dependent mechanism. Injection of Astressin B (50 microg/kg, iv) inhibited CART(55-102)-induced ACTH and corticosterone responses. The effects of CART(55-102) on CRF and arginine vasopressin (AVP) expression were also examined in static hypothalamic explants. RT-PCR analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of CRF and AVP mRNA levels after CART(55-102) (10 nm and 1 microm) treatment. Last, the effects of CART(55-102) on CRF- and AVP-mediated ACTH release was investigated in dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. Incubation of CART(55-102) (10-100 nm) did not significantly affect ACTH release from anterior pituitary cells. Findings from the present study suggest that CART regulates activity of the HPA axis through a CRF-dependent central mechanism and not by means of direct interaction with pituitary corticotropes.
Secondary Metabolites: Antibiotics and More (2007)

The preceding chapter described the industrial production of some primary metabolites, including citric acid and amino acids. In contrast to these compounds, which are present in most living organisms and are produced by the ubiquitous major metabolic pathways, secondary metabolites are produced only by special groups of organisms through specialized pathways. Their chemical structure tends to be complex, and they are often produced only during the special growth phase, most often during the stationary phase. The most important of these secondary metabolites are the antibiotics.
Membranes of the Picket Fence Cobalt Porphyrin Complexed with Poly(vinylimidazole and -pyridine)s:  Selective Optical Response to Oxygen (2000)

Red-colored and solvent-free membranes based on the picket fence cobaltporphyrin (CoP) complexed with two or three kinds of polymer−ligands were prepared, and their visible absorbance responses to oxygen partial pressure were studied. The four CoP complexes with copolymers of 4- and 1-vinylimidazole and 4- and 2-vinylpyridine as a polymer−ligand were characterized by different oxygen affinity: In this order of the copolymers, the oxygen affinity of CoP was decreased by a factor of 10. The membrane composed of the three CoP complexes displayed a selective and continuous response in the visible absorbance ascribed to the oxygen-adduct formation over a wide range of oxygen partial pressure, i.e., 0.01−76 cmHg at atmospheric total pressure. On the other hand, the membrane composed of the two complexes with strong and weak affinity responded in a stepwise manner to oxygen partial pressure. The CoP complexed with and fixed in the polymer−ligands could form an oxygen adduct rapidly and reversibly just as the CoP complex did in a solution. The oxygen response rate of the membrane was shortened inversely with the square root of its thickness. The operational lifetime was longer than 1 month, which was much prolonged for the CoP complexed with the fluoroalkyl methacrylate copolymers: The latter also displayed a selective and reversible oxygen response in water.
Robust planar target tracking and pose estimation from a single concavity (2011)

In this paper we introduce a novel real-time method to track weakly textured planar objects and to simultaneously estimate their 3D pose. The basic idea is to adapt the classic tracking-by-detection approach, which seeks for the object to be tracked independently in each frame, for tracking non-textured objects. In order to robustly estimate the 3D pose of such objects in each frame, we have to tackle three demanding problems. First, we need to find a stable representation of the object which is discriminable against the background and highly repetitive. Second, we have to robustly relocate this representation in every frame, also during considerable viewpoint changes. Finally, we have to estimate the pose from a single, closed object contour. Of course, all demands shall be accommodated at low computational costs and in real-time. To attack the above mentioned problems, we propose to exploit the properties of Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSERs) for detecting the required contours in an efficient manner and to apply random ferns as efficient and robust classifier for tracking. To estimate the 3D pose, we construct a perspectively invariant frame on the closed contour which is intrinsically provided by the extracted MSER. In our experiments we obtain robust tracking results with accurate poses on various challenging image sequences at a single requirement: One MSER used for tracking has to have at least one concavity that sufficiently deviates from its convex hull.
Middleware architecture for evaluation and selection of 3rd party Web services for service providers (2005)

This paper presents an architecture to facilitate efficient evaluation and selection of 3rd party Web services for service providers. Most service provider architectures have primarily focused on providing Web service front ends to legacy systems, aggregating and delivering services via workflows. These architectures primarily considered static business contracts between the service provider and its (Web-service enabled) business partners. This approach makes these architectures inflexible to variations in business requirement, partners' performance and customer requirements. Our architecture provides a flexible means for service providers to optimize business performance. Based on the historical performance, extant context, and optimising business rules, the appropriate service is selected and invoked to serve a customer request. We have developed a prototype system ODSS-in-ENDS, that demonstrates this capability.
In situ FBG inscription during fiber laser operation (2013)

We demonstrate the inscription of a 266 nm UV femtosecond pulse-induced fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in an Yb-doped fiber during optical pumping at 976 nm and the initiation of lasing with increasing grating reflectivity. Output spectra show the emission of the pumped fiber changing from the broad-ranged amplified spontaneous emission in the nonlasing case to the narrow-range laser operation due to the enhancement of FBG reflectivity during inscription. The proposed technique enables the direct characterization and control of FBG performance in fiber lasers. After FBG fabrication, we investigate the spectral characteristics of the fiber laser for different laser powers and study the influence of a thermal treatment of the FBG.
Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis of Spirohydantoins. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pellicles for x-ray lithography masks (1998)

The feasibility of using thin films of organic material as a protective cover for x-ray lithography masks has been demonstrated. A pellicle structure that fits unobtrusively inside the mask-wafer gap and on the x-ray lithography NIST standard ring was developed. The pellicle solves several problems: 1) protects the mask absorber from direct contact to external sources of possible damage without itself contacting the absorber, 2) allows effective cleaning of the x-ray mask by preventing dust or debris particles from getting imbedded in the absorber pattern, 3) reduces contamination of the stepper and wafers by absorber metal debris in the event of catastrophic breakage of the mask membrane, 4) reduces contamination of the absorber pattern by debris generated by the resist or the stepper environment during x-ray exposure, and 5) reduces photoelectrons generated by the absorber during x-ray exposure from reaching the resist. Furthermore, pellicles may offer inspection advantages by providing a flat surface without absorber topography. Several approaches for the fabrication of suitable pellicles using organic and inorganic films will be presented in this paper. Pellicles have been successfully tested in the SVGL and SUSS steppers in the IBM Advanced Lithography Facility in the East Fishkill, NY. Results on pellicle's performance together with radiation damage measurements to estimate a pellicle's lifetime are presented in this paper.
Non-Coding RNAs and Brain Tumors: Insights Into Their Roles in Apoptosis (2022)

A major terrifying ailment afflicting the humans throughout the world is brain tumor, which causes a lot of mortality among pediatric and adult solid tumors. Several major barriers to the treatment and diagnosis of the brain tumors are the specific micro-environmental and cell-intrinsic features of neural tissues. Absence of the nutrients and hypoxia trigger the cells' mortality in the core of the tumors of humans' brains: however, type of the cells' mortality, including apoptosis or necrosis, has been not found obviously. Current studies have emphasized the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) since their crucial impacts on carcinogenesis have been discovered. Several investigations suggest the essential contribution of such molecules in the development of brain tumors and the respective roles in apoptosis. Herein, we summarize the apoptosis-related non-coding RNAs in brain tumors.
Slip velocity and drag law in a liquid‐liquid homogeneous dispersed flow (2003)

Abstract Local measurements of phase velocities and phase fraction in a dense liquid‐liquid homogeneous flow were done based on an application of PIV with a refractive index matching technique. This technique allowed to measure simultaneously both phase velocities and phase fraction fields, as well as the drop mean diameter in a vertical cocurrent flow of n‐heptane dispersed in an aqueous solution of glycerin. The evolution of the relative velocity as a function of the phase fraction (0–0.4) was studied with moderate particle Reynolds numbers (10–100) for drops behaving as spherical rigid particles. A local drag coefficient was derived from these measurements. The calculated mean relative velocity as a function of the local phase fraction with existing classical drag coefficient laws showed significant discrepancies with the measurements overestimated. Thus, the drag coefficient variation rate as a function of the phase fraction was underestimated by the models. The evolution of the normalized velocity (by the terminal velocity) as a function of the phase fraction was predicted correctly with mixture viscosity models in a creeping flow regime.
Effect of fiber length on the tensile strength of unidirectionally arrayed chopped strands (2019)

This study investigates the effect of fiber length on the tensile strength for discontinuous fiber composites. A composite with a staggered structure of fiber bundles were prepared by stacking prepreg sheets with unidirectionally arrayed chopped strands with a predetermined fiber length. The sheets were prepared by introducing fine slits at regular intervals along the fiber direction. The final failure is caused by an unstable growth of delamination from the tip of the bundles. The conventional linear fracture mechanics model cannot explain the reduction in the tensile strength as the fiber length shortens. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel fracture mechanics model that considers a non-linear stress–strain relation for the composite, which incorporates varying fiber length. The results confirm that this model can explain the relation between the tensile strength and fiber length very well, without any fitting parameters.
On manipulating polygonal objects with three 2-DOF robots in the plane (2003)

Addresses the problem of grasping and manipulating a polygonal object with three disc-shaped robots in the plane. These robots may be the fingertips of a gripper or mobile platforms. The proposed approach is based on the characterization of the range of possible object motions when two of the effectors are fixed and the third one is allowed to move in the plane with two degrees of freedom. This technique does not assume that contact is maintained during the execution of the grasping/manipulation task, nor does it rely on detailed (and a priori unverifiable) models of friction or contact dynamics, but it allows the construction of manipulation plans guaranteed to succeed under the weaker assumption that jamming does not occur during the task execution. The proposed approach is validated by simulation examples and preliminary experiments with Nomadic Scout robots.
In vitro hypoxia responsiveness of [18F] FDG and [18F] FAZA retention: influence of shaking versus stagnant conditions, glass versus polystyrene substrata and cell number down-scaling (2020)

Abstract Background In vitro experiments using radiolabeled molecules is fundamental for Positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tracer development and various metabolic assays, but no consensus on appropriate incubation conditions exists. Specifically, the use of shaking versus non-shaking conditions, cell number to medium volume and the choice of cell plating material may unintentionally influence cellular oxygenation and medium composition. This is problematic when testing the oxygen-dependence of tracers including 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG) and hypoxia-selective 2-nitroimidazoles (e.g., 18 F-fluoroazomycin-arabinoside, [ 18 F]FAZA) or when doing prolonged experiments. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of various experimental conditions on tracer retention. Methods Tumor cells were seeded in a) Glass or standard Polystyrene Petri dishes or as b) discrete droplets in polystyrene Petri dishes or on 9 mm glass coverslips positioned in glass Petri dishes. When confluent, cells were pre-equilibrated for 2 h to 21%, 0.5% or 0% O 2 and [ 18 F] FDG or [ 18 F] FAZA was added, followed by cell harvest and analysis of radioactivity 1 h ([ 18 F]FDG) or 3 h ([ 18 F]FAZA) after. Experiments were conducted with/without orbital shaking. Results The influence of hypoxia on tracer retention varied widely among cell lines, but shaking-induced convection did not influence uptake. In contrast, hypoxia-driven [ 18 F] FAZA, and to some extent [ 18 F] FDG, retention was much lower in cells grown on polyethylene than glass. Scaling-down the number of cells did not compromise accuracy. Conclusions Tracer retention was similar under stagnant and forced convection conditions suggesting that the former approach may be appropriate even when accurate control of oxygen and tracer availability is required. In contrast, conventional plasticware should be used with caution when studying tracers and drugs that are metabolized and retained or activated at low O 2 levels. Downscaling of cell number, by reducing the effective growth area, was feasible, without compromising accuracy.
Electronic characteristics of the interfacial states embedded in “buffer-free” GaSb/GaAs (001) heterojunctions (2009)

We report a comprehensive study of the electronic properties and compensation of the interfacial states embedded in a majority carrier electron region either on one or both sides of the “buffer-free” GaSb/GaAs (001) heterointerface. An abrupt change observed in the forward-bias current (58 mA) for a small variation in the applied bias (0.05 V) is ascribed to the compensation of the interfacial states due to electron tunneling from GaAs into GaSb. As a result, after the first sweep, the compensated interfacial states exhibit low turn-on voltage (0.35 V) and low reverse-bias currents (30 μA at −5 V). Similar compensation is also obtained via δ-doping or annealing the diodes. The diodes analyzed in this study are useful as the heterointerface is embedded in the majority electron region resembles with that of the n-cladding region of p-i-n structures such as lasers, detectors, and solar cells.
Recent progress in the development of plasma-filled traveling-wave tubes and backward-wave oscillators (1998)

The presence of a controlled amount of background plasma inside microwave tubes can possibly lead to improvement in their characteristics beyond what is available in evacuated devices. In particular, recent results clearly demonstrated that the presence of plasma can significantly increase the bandwidth, efficiency and power handling capabilities of nonrelativistic microwave oscillators and amplifiers and allow operation without a guiding magnetic field. In the present paper, recent scientific advances in this field-both theoretical and experimental-are reviewed with emphasis on basic processes. We review some fundamental physical issues like the formation of hybrid waves in plasma-filled slow wave structures (SWSs) and the role of these modes in improving the beam/wave coupling; the beneficial role of ac space charge in plasma-filled devices and the effect of plasma on electron beam transport (efficiency and bandwidth enhancement due to the presence of the plasma). Also reviewed are recent experimental results on plasma-loaded traveling-wave tube (TWT) amplifiers and backward-wave oscillators (BWO). Plasma-loaded microwave devices have the potential to advance the technological and scientific base of microwave tubes and have an impact on commercial and industrial applications through the development of commercially viable technologies.
Olmesartan reduces oxidative stress in the brains of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats as measured by an in vivo ESR method (2008)

Background : We previously demonstrated that oxidative stress is involved in the neural mechanisms of hypertension. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of anti‐hypertensive treatment with the angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan on oxidative stress in the brains of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) using the in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR)/spin probe technique. Methods and Results : Two groups of 12‐week‐old SHRSP were treated with either olmesartan (10 mg/kg/day) or hydralazine (Hyd, 20 mg/kg/day)/hydrochlorothiazide (HCT, 4.5 mg/kg/day) for 30 days (n=5 for each). Systolic blood pressure decreased after each treatment (151±8 mm Hg [olmesartan] and 156±13 mm Hg [Hyd/HCT], NS). In rats treated with Hyd/HCT, but not those treated with olmesartan, heart rate and urinary norepinephrine excretion increased. The in vivo ESR signal decay rates of the blood‐brain barrier‐permeable spin probe, methoxycarbonyl‐PROXYL, were significantly higher in SHRSP brains compared with age‐matched normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto rat brains (0.121±0.010 vs 0.098±0.011/min, P &lt; 0.01, n=6 for each). Olmesartan attenuated the ESR signal decay rates in SHRSP brains, but Hyd/HCT did not. Conclusions : These results suggest that olmesartan has an anti‐oxidative effect in SHRSP brains, as measured by an in vivo ESR method, in addition to its blood pressure‐lowering effects.
Metal, bond energy, and ancillary ligand effects on actinide-carbon .sigma.-bond hydrogenolysis. A kinetic and mechanistic study (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal, bond energy, and ancillary ligand effects on actinide-carbon .sigma.-bond hydrogenolysis. A kinetic and mechanistic studyZerong Lin and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 26, 7979–7985Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00260a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00260a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts