gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Intraventricular Axial Flow Blood Pump Integrated With a Bearing Purge System (1995)

The future development of implantable axial flow blood pumps must address two major issues: mechanically induced hemolysis and shaft seal reliability. The recent revisions to our miniature intraventricular axial flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) were aimed particularly at addressing these concerns. To improve hemocompatibility, a new impeller has been designed according to the following criteria: 1) gradual pressure rise along the blade chord; 2) minimized local fluid acceleration to prevent cavitation; 3) minimum surface roughness; and 4) radius edges. Subsequent in vitro hemolysis tests conducted with bovine and ovine blood have demonstrated very low hemolysis (normalized index of hemolysis = 0.0051 +/- 0.0047 g/100 L) with this new impeller design. To address the need for a reliable seal, we have developed a purged seal system consisting of a miniature lip seal and ceramic pressure groove journal bearing that also acts as a purge pump. Several spiral grooves formed on the bearing surface provide viscous pumping of the purge fluid, generating more than 3,000 mmHg at 10,000 rpm. This purge flow flushes the lip seal and prevents blood backflow into the bearing. We have found this purge pump to offer several advantages because it is simple, compact, durable, does not require separate actuation, and offers a wide range of flow, depending upon the groove design. In vivo animal tests demonstrated the potential of the purged seal system.
Automatic Generation of Alternative Starting Positions for Simple Traditional Board Games (2015)

Simple board games, like Tic-Tac-Toe and CONNECT-4, play an important role not only in the development of mathematical and logical skills, but also in the emotional and social development. In this paper, we address the problem of generating targeted starting positions for such games. This can facilitate new approaches for bringing novice players to mastery, and also leads to discovery of interesting game variants. We present an approach that generates starting states of varying hardness levels for player 1 in a two-player board game, given rules of the board game, the desired number of steps required for player 1 to win, and the expertise levels of the two players. Our approach leverages symbolic methods and iterative simulation to efficiently search the extremely large state space. We present experimental results that include discovery of states of varying hardness levels for several simple grid-based board games. The presence of such states for standard game variants like 4 x 4 Tic-Tac-Toe opens up new games to be played that have never been played as the default start state is heavily biased.
Handbook of 3D Integration (2019)

This fourth volume of the landmark handbook focuses on the design, testing, and thermal management of 3D-integrated circuits, both from a technological and materials science perspective. Edited and authored by key contributors from top research institutions and high-tech companies, the first part of the book provides an overview of the latest developments in 3D chip design, including challenges and opportunities. The second part focuses on the test methods used to assess the quality and reliability of the 3D-integrated circuits, while the third and final part deals with thermal management and advanced cooling technologies and their integration.
Development of a Hydraulically Expanded Metal Internal Casing Patch (2005)

Abstract This paper details the technical development &amp; implementation of a Coiled Tubing (CT) deployed, expandable internal metal casing patch. The driver for the development of the technology was to introduce an internal casing patch system for deployment in 7" tubing, designed to extend the completion life and delay a full workover operation. The compliant patch would provide a substantive localised tubing repair (e.g. water shut-off, leak repair, patch corroded pipe) with minimal internal diameter restriction to optimise access for future well interventions, and hence minimise the restriction to oil production (or water injection).
Joint Source-Channel Coding and Bayesian Message Passing Detection for Grant-Free Radio Access in IoT (2020)

Consider an Internet-of-Things (IoT) system that monitors a number of multi-valued events through multiple sensors sharing the same bandwidth. Each sensor measures data correlated to one or more events, and communicates to the fusion center at a base station using grant-free random access whenever the corresponding event is active. The base station aims at detecting the active events, and, for each active event, to determine a scalar value describing each active event's state. A conventional solution based on Separate Source-Channel (SSC) coding would use a separate codebook for each sensor and decode the sensors' transmitted packets at the base station in order to subsequently carry out events' detection. In contrast, this paper considers a potentially more efficient solution based on Joint Source-Channel (JSC) coding via a non-orthogonal generalization of Type-Based Multiple Access (TBMA). Accordingly, all sensors measuring the same event share the same codebook (with non-orthogonal codewords), and the base station directly detects the events' values without first performing individual decoding for each sensor. A novel Bayesian message-passing detection scheme is developed for the proposed TBMA-based protocol, and its performance is compared to conventional solutions.
Beta-caryophyllene enhances wound healing through multiple routes (2019)

Abstract Beta-caryophyllene is an odoriferous bicyclic sesquiterpene found in various herbs and spices. Recently, it was found that beta-caryophyllene is a ligand of the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). Activation of CB2 will decrease pain, a major signal for inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that beta-caryophyllene can affect wound healing by decreasing inflammation. Here we show that cutaneous wounds of mice treated with beta-caryophyllene had enhanced re-epithelialization. The treated tissue showed increased cell proliferation and cells treated with beta-caryophyllene showed enhanced cell migration, suggesting that the higher re-epithelialization is due to enhanced cell proliferation and cell migration. The treated tissues also had up-regulated gene expression for hair follicle bulge stem cells. Olfactory receptors were not involved in the enhanced wound healing. Transient Receptor Potential channel genes were up-regulated in the injured skin exposed to beta-caryophyllene. Interestingly, there were sex differences in the impact of beta-caryophyllene as only the injured skin of female mice had enhanced re-epithelialization after exposure to beta-caryophyllene. Our study suggests that chemical compounds included in essential oils have the capability to improve wound healing, an effect generated by synergetic impacts of multiple pathways.
Comment on "Estimation of shape parameter for generalized Gaussian distribution in subband decompositions of video" [with reply] (1995)

In the original paper by Sharifi and Leon-Garcia (see ibid., vol.5, p. 52-56, Feb. 1995) the authors propose a method to estimate the shape parameter for a generalized Gaussian probability density function to be fitted to the subbands of a video signal. Their method, which uses certain moments of the subband histogram, has in fact already been presented some years ago by Mallat (1989). The authors reply that they thank Murching and Woods for bringing to their attention a previously published work, which has developed the method reported in their paper. They regret that their search of the previous related literature did not reveal the paper by Mallat. They note, however, that the effectiveness of the method in comparison to statistical goodness-of-fit tests, was shown in their work and not in Mallat's.
<title>Potential for optical imaging in the 1 to 1.3 micron range using an upconverting time gate</title> (1995)

Performing imaging in the wavelength region of 1 to 1.3 micrometers is attractive because the scattering coefficient is up to a factor of 2 less in this wavelength region than at wavelengths commonly used near 800 nm. While hemoglobin absorption cannot be used for contrast at the longer wavelengths, the requirements for contrast are reduced, and other contrast sources are available. Higher numbers of photons may be used for imaging in this longer wavelength region. Longer wavelength imaging is challenging because the detectors operating beyond 1 micrometers , we have developed upconverting time gates that upconvert images from longer wavelengths (1-1.3 micrometers ) to wavelengths below 1 micrometers where good detectors exist.
Mutation of the two carboxyl-terminal tyrosines results in an insulin receptor with normal metabolic signaling but enhanced mitogenic signaling properties (1991)

Our previous studies have shown that the deletion of the insulin receptor carboxyl terminus impairs metabolic, but augments mitogenic, signaling (McClain, D. A., Maegawa, H., Levy, J., Huecksteadt, T., Dull, T. J., Lee, J., Ullrich, A., and Olefsky, J. M. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 8904-8911; Thies, R.S., Ulrich, A., and McClain, D. A. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 12820-12825). To explore further the regulatory role of the insulin receptor carboxyl terminus, a mutant insulin receptor was constructed in which the two tyrosines (Y1316 and Y1322) on the carboxyl terminus were replaced with phenylalanines. Rat 1 fibroblasts expressing high levels of this mutant receptor (Y/F2 cells) exhibited normal insulin binding and normal insulin internalization. The absence of the two tyrosines in the carboxyl terminus did not affect the phosphotransferase activity of the beta-subunit and insulin-stimulated glucose transport. However, the Y/F2 cells showed markedly enhanced sensitivity for insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis. Dose-response curves for both insulin-stimulated thymidine uptake and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation in the Y/F2 cell lines were shifted to the left (4-10-fold) compared with those observed in the cells expressing similar numbers of wild type receptors. Thus, the two tyrosines of the insulin receptor carboxyl terminus do not modulate the kinase function of the insulin receptor, although they are autophosphorylated in native receptors. Moreover, these tyrosines are not necessary for stimulation of glucose transport. On the other hand, these results suggest that the two carboxyl-terminal tyrosine residues exert an inhibitory effect on mitogenic signaling in native insulin receptors.
Full-field exposure tools for immersion lithography (2005)

Immersion lithography is becoming a realistic method of high resolution pattern generation for semiconductor manufacturing. Nikon has a roadmap of full-field immersion exposure tools starting with an Engineering Evaluation Tool (EET, NA=0.85), succeeded with production models of S609B (NA=1.07) and S6xx (NA=1.30). EET was constructed in 2004, and is being used for evaluation of immersion technology and process development. With EET, focus, stepping, overlay and across-wafer CD uniformity data are demonstrated to be better or equivalent to dry tools, while the depth of focus (DOF) is significantly improved as expected. A remarkable point is the defectivity result with EET. We have detected no bubbles and a negligible level of “immersion specific” defects even with hydrophobic top coat. A production model S609B will have the NA=1.07 optics, which will be the highest NA of “all refractive optics”, and will be shipped at 2005/4Q. S6xx, with planned shipment timing is 2006/2H, will have NA=1.30 catadioptric optics, whose NA will be the highest NA of “water-immersion”. Both S609B and S6xx will be equipped with loss-less polarized illuminators, which will enable 50nm L/S with S609B and 42nm L/S with S6xx. Resist and top coat are studied from the viewpoints of chemical contamination and scanning properties. Tentative specifications are proposed for leaching of PAG and amines against chemical contamination. As for scanning properties, static contact angle was found to be not a good parameter; instead, sliding angle is proposed.
Crystallographic and electrophilic fragment screening of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (2020)

Summary COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, lacks effective therapeutics. Additionally, no antiviral drugs or vaccines were developed against the closely related coronavirus, SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV, despite previous zoonotic outbreaks. To identify starting points for such therapeutics, we performed a large-scale screen of electrophile and non-covalent fragments through a combined mass spectrometry and X-ray approach against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, one of two cysteine viral proteases essential for viral replication. Our crystallographic screen identified 71 hits that span the entire active site, as well as 3 hits at the dimer interface. These structures reveal routes to rapidly develop more potent inhibitors through merging of covalent and non-covalent fragment hits; one series of low-reactivity, tractable covalent fragments was progressed to discover improved binders. These combined hits offer unprecedented structural and reactivity information for on-going structure-based drug design against SARS-CoV-2 main protease.
Degradation of Si high-speed photodiodes by irradiation induced defects and restoration at low temperature (2004)

Abstrocr- The high-speed characteristics of communication p*i-n+ photodiodes mcluding frequency respoare and responsMty are both degraded by high radiation fields in space. Deep levels generated by high-energy particles decrease the signal strength and reduce the generation reambination ldetime and dark curreui, reducing the signal-to noiae ratio (SNR), The use of lower temperatures as a means of restoring the SMI has been proposed in previous studies. Here we investigate the possibility theoretically using Technology CAD simulation.
Heavy carbon doping of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown GaAs using carbon tetrachloride (1989)

A mixture of 500 ppm CCl4 in H2 has been used to grow heavily doped p-type GaAs by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with TMGa and AsH3 as the group III and V sources, respectively. Carbon acceptor concentrations between 1×1016 and 1×1019 cm−3 were obtained. In addition, abrupt carbon-doping profiles were achieved with no noticeable memory effects. Carrier concentration was studied as a function of CCl4 flow, V/III ratio, growth temperature, and growth rate using electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling. Carbon incorporation was found to depend on CCl4 flow, V/III ratio, and growth temperature. Carbon incorporation had no dependence on the growth rate.
Application of high powered lasers to drilling and completing deep walls. (2003)

High powered laser rock drilling was studied as a revolutionary method for drilling and completing deep gas and oil wells. The objectives of this 2002 to 2003 fiscal year research were to study the concept that large diameter holes can be created by multiple overlapping small beam spots, to determine the ability of lasers to drill rock submerged to some depth in water, to demonstrate the possibilities of lasers for perforating application, and to determine the wavelength effects on rock removal. Laser technology applied to well drilling and completion operations is attractive because it has the potential to reduce drilling time, create a ceramic lining that may eliminate the need for steel casing, provide additional monitor-on-drilling laser sensors and improve well performance through improved perforation. The results from this research will help engineering design on a laser-based well drilling system.
Aging Mesenchymal Stem Cells Fail to Protect Because of Impaired Migration and Antiinflammatory Response (2014)

Taken together, the decreased expression of cytokine and chemokine receptors in aged B-MSCs compromises their protective role by perturbing the potential of B-MSCs to become activated and mobilize to the site of injury.
Titelbild: Templating of Silsesquioxane Cross‐Linking Using Unimolecular Self‐Organizing Polymers (Angew. Chem. 32/2003) (2003)

Nanowissenschaft wird Nanotechnologie : Nanoporöse Filme eines wärmehärtenden organischen Silsesquioxans zur Isolierung von Schaltungen auf Chips entstehen mit amphiphilen sternförmigen Polymertemplaten, die anschließend thermisch entfernt werden können. Durch lebende Polymerisation bei der Synthese des Templats werden Porengröße und ‐form beeinflusst. R. D. Miller, J. L. Hedrick et al. beschreiben diese Methode in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3915 ff.
X-ray specular reflection studies of silicon coated by organic monolayers (alkylsiloxanes) (1990)

X-ray specular reflectivity has been used to characterize the structure of silicon--silicon-oxide surfaces coated with chemisorbed hydrocarbon monolayer films (alkylsiloxanes). Using synchrotron radiation the reflectivity was followed over 9 orders of magnitude, from grazing incidence to an incident angle of \ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\approxeq}6.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, or q=(4\ensuremath{\pi}/\ensuremath{\lambda})sin(\ensuremath{\varphi})=0.8 A${\r{}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, allowing a spatial resolution of features approximately \ensuremath{\pi}/0.8\ensuremath{\approxeq}4.0 A\r{} along the surface normal. Analysis was performed by fitting the data to reflectivities calculated from models of the surface electron density and by calculating Patterson functions directly from the data. Although the measured reflectivities could be equally well described by different sets of model parameters, the electron densities calculated from these different parameters were remarkably alike. Inspection of the electron densities allowed identification of a layer of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ (\ensuremath{\approxeq}17-A\r{} thick), a layer of head-group region where the alkylsiloxane adsorbs to the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$, and the hydrocarbon layer. Fitting the data also required that the various interfaces have different widths. The fact that the same local hydrocarbon density of 0.85 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ was observed for both fully formed and partially formed monolayers with alkane chains of varying length excluded a model in which the partially formed monolayer was made up of separated islands of well-formed monolayers. Measurements before and after chemical reaction of a monolayer in which the alkyl chain was terminated by an olefinic group demonstrated the ability to use x-ray reflectivity to characterize chemical changes. The effects of radiation damage on these types of measurements are described.
Different types of disease‐causing noncoding variants revealed by genomic and gene expression analyses in families with X‐linked intellectual disability (2021)

The pioneering discovery research of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) genes has benefitted thousands of individuals worldwide; however, approximately 30% of XLID families still remain unresolved. We postulated that noncoding variants that affect gene regulation or splicing may account for the lack of a genetic diagnosis in some cases. Detecting pathogenic, gene-regulatory variants with the same sensitivity and specificity as structural and coding variants is a major challenge for Mendelian disorders. Here, we describe three pedigrees with suggestive XLID where distinctive phenotypes associated with known genes guided the identification of three different noncoding variants. We used comprehensive structural, single-nucleotide, and repeat expansion analyses of genome sequencing. RNA-Seq from patient-derived cell lines, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions, Western blots, and reporter gene assays were used to confirm the functional effect of three fundamentally different classes of pathogenic noncoding variants: a retrotransposon insertion, a novel intronic splice donor, and a canonical splice variant of an untranslated exon. In one family, we excluded a rare coding variant in ARX, a known XLID gene, in favor of a regulatory noncoding variant in OFD1 that correlated with the clinical phenotype. Our results underscore the value of genomic research on unresolved XLID families to aid novel, pathogenic noncoding variant discovery.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation Kinetics of Calcium‐Doped Palladium Powders. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrochemical Crystallization of Plasmonic Nanostructures (2011)

We show how gold recrystallizes when under the influence of electrochemical potentials. This "cold annealing" occurs without charge transfer reactions and preserves nanoscale structural features. By performing the process on plasmonic nanostructures, grain growth is monitored noninvasively by optical spectroscopy. In this way, the influence from crystal structure on plasmon resonances can be investigated independently. Observed spectral changes are in excellent agreement with analytical models and changes in electron relaxation time and plasma frequency are calculated.
Prediction of hemodynamics under left ventricular assist device (2016)

Hemodynamic response to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has not been quantitatively investigated. This is the first report of quantitative prediction of the hemodynamics on LVAD using circulatory equilibrium framework. The validated framework allows us to simulate the impact of LVAD on right atrial pressure under various right ventricular functions.
HCV direct‐acting antiviral agents: the best interferon‐free combinations (2013)

For HCV infection, there have been major advancements during last several years with large numbers of ongoing trials with various direct-acting antivirals (DAA) showing high potency, favourable tolerability profile, higher barrier to resistance, shortened treatment duration, all oral regimen, pan-genotypic, fewer drug interactions and reduced pill burden. By 2014, several DAAs are anticipated to complete successful phase III trials and will be commercially available. Initially, a wave of IFN-based regimen (sofosbuvir, faldaprevir and simeprevir) will be available for treatment of HCV genotype 1. In the near future, combination of antiviral agents with additive potency that lack cross-resistance with good safety profile will likely be the new recommended regimens, making HCV, the first chronic viral infection to be eradicated worldwide with a finite duration of combination DAA therapy without IFN or ribavirin. The aim of this review was to summarize the results obtained from recent DAA combination studies without IFN.
Transient Soft-Tissue Edema Associated with Implantation of Increasing Doses of rhBMP-2 on an Absorbable Collagen Sponge in an Ectopic Rat Model (2012)

Transient peri-implant soft-tissue edema occurred in a dose-dependent manner following implantation of rhBMP-2/ACS in this rat model. The normal dose of rhBMP-2/ACS produced edema similar to that in the controls. Finally, rhBMP-2 solutions injected directly into muscle resulted in minimal soft-tissue edema.