gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties Investigation on Sand-Polyacrylamide Composites with Engineered Interfaces for Water Shutoff Applications (2023)

Abstract Herein, we report a facile preparation and characterization of polyacrylamide (PAM)-2D nanofiller (commercial graphene (CG) and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BN)) composite hydrogel coated sand for water shutoff application. To prepare the sample, 4 wt% of aqueous PAM solution that is mixed with organic cross-linkers of hydroquinone (HQ) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) in 1:1 weight ratio, aqueous potassium chloride (KCl) solution and a specific amount of CG or h-BN. A specific amount of the above solution is added to sand and well mixed and subsequently cured at 150 °C for 8 hours. The prepared sand-polymer composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for chemical composition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for successful polymer coating onto the sand, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for thermal stabilities. the success of the sand coating was evaluated based on the peak intensities depicted for the sand-PAM gels with respect to neat-sand and neat-PAM. The absence of some of the peaks and their corresponding decrease in the intensities indicates the successful coating of the PAM hydrogel matrix onto the sand surface. The thermal stability of the sand samples has reached as high as 190.7 °C. The prepared material has a high potential for water shutoff applications.
Pharmacodynamics of Oral Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients (2005)

The greater systemic exposure to ganciclovir delivered by valganciclovir was associated with delayed development of viremia. There was only a weak association between AUC and hematological toxicity.
The effects of incomplete protein interaction data on structural and evolutionary inferences (2006)

Crucially, when only small, partial network data sets are considered, bias is virtually inevitable. Given the scope of effects considered here, previous analyses may have to be carefully reassessed: ignoring the fact that present network data are incomplete will severely affect our ability to understand biological systems.
Chemical Modification of Crystalline Porous Silicon Surfaces (1999)

Abstract A large number of mild chemical reactions have recently been developed to modify porous silicon surfaces for optical or sensor applications. The modification reactions generally fall into two classes: those which link a reagent to the Si surface through Si-O linkages, and those which use Si-C linkages. Examples of these reactions and the relative advantages of each approach are presented.
Evaluating the Effect of Electrolyte Additive Functionalities on NMC622/Si Cell Performance (2022)

Unstable electrode/electrolyte interface is the major cause of degradation for silicon (Si)-based anodes for lithium (Li)-ion batteries. Development of functional electrolyte additives can provide a viable path toward stabilizing the dynamic Si/electrolyte interface, which will benefit the development of high energy density Li-ion batteries. Here, we evaluate polymerizable electrolyte additives with varying functional groups (fluorocarbon, thiophosphate, and fluorophosphazene). The additives are examined using LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 /Si full cells where the cycle performance and impedance are measured. Electrochemical tests show that the fluorine-containing additives provide better passivation at the Si electrode, leading to enhanced full cell performance. Among the three additives examined, best electrochemical performance is observed from the fluorocarbon-containing compound, followed by fluorophosphazene- and thiophosphate-containing compounds. Characterization of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on cycled electrodes using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) reveal that higher concentration of fluorine and lithium oxide, and lower concentration of carbonate and organic species correlate with enhanced electrochemical performance.
The Effectiveness of a Hinged Elbow Orthosis in Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries: An In Vitro Biomechanical Study (2019)

After MCL injury, an HEO likely does not provide mechanical elbow stability during rehabilitative exercises or when the elbow is subjected to valgus stress such as occurs during throwing.
Deformability of transfused red blood cells is a potent determinant of transfusion‐induced change in recipient's blood flow (2016)

This study provides, for the first time in humans, direct evidence that the deformability of transfused PRBC is a potent effector of transfusion outcome. Currently, PRBC are supplied primarily by the first-in-first-out criteria, while their functionality is ignored. The testing of PRBC hemodynamic quality would introduce a new paradigm into blood banking, which would contribute substantially to improving transfusion therapy.
La politique, un objet pour la sociologie du travail. Introduction (2008)

Le travail n’est pas une catégorie d’analyse, ou même de description, souvent utilisée dans les sciences sociales pour appréhender l’activité politique. Celle-ci est, de fait, une réalité assez fuyante, difficile à circonscrire, rétive à la délimitation : elle est exercée par une population hétérogène, elle n’est pas toujours reconnue comme une activité professionnelle, elle ne peut être aisément référée à un corpus de savoirs ou à des conditions d’apprentissage et de formation, etc. L’activité politique est plus fréquemment saisie à travers le prisme de la professionnalisation. En dépit du patronage de Max Weber (1919), ce terme reste polysémique et fait l’objet d’usages éclatés, ouvrant sur une variété d’éclairages : mouvement historique de codification de l’activité politique (émergence de statuts, règles de rémunération…), transformation des standards de la décision politique et du gouvernement (rôle des expertises, poids des savoirs spécialisés…), évolution des filtres à l’entrée (recrutements sélectifs, compétition électorale…), changements dans la production et la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques (construction d’acteurs en réseau, formes de délégation…), reconfiguration des cercles de conseillers (assistants attitrés ou officieux, cellules stratégiques…), etc. Jusqu’à présent, les travaux de recherche ont généralement ignoré la notion de travail politique, privilégiant celles de rôle politique (Lagroye, 1994 ; Haegel, 1994 ; Lefebvre, 1997 ; Le Bart, 2003), qui tend à saisir le travail politique sous une forme stabilisée, et de métier politique (Fontaine et Le Bart, 1994 ; Politix, 1994 ; Poirmeur et Mazet, 1999), entendu au sens de faisceau de savoir-faire spécifiques (...).
Dual‐Gated MoS2 Memtransistor Crossbar Array (2020)

Abstract Memristive systems offer biomimetic functions that are being actively explored for energy‐efficient neuromorphic circuits. In addition to providing ultimate geometric scaling limits, 2D semiconductors enable unique gate‐tunable responses including the recent realization of hybrid memristor and transistor devices known as memtransistors. In particular, monolayer MoS 2 memtransistors exhibit nonvolatile memristive switching where the resistance of each state is modulated by a gate terminal. Here, further control over the memtransistor neuromorphic response through the introduction of a second gate terminal is gained. The resulting dual‐gated memtransistors allow tunability over the learning rate for non‐Hebbian training where the long‐term potentiation and depression synaptic behavior is dictated by gate biases during the reading and writing processes. Furthermore, the electrostatic control provided by dual gates provides a compact solution to the sneak current problem in traditional memristor crossbar arrays. In this manner, dual gating facilitates the full utilization and integration of memtransistor functionality in highly scaled crossbar circuits. Furthermore, the tunability of long‐term potentiation yields improved linearity and symmetry of weight update rules that are utilized in simulated artificial neural networks to achieve a 94% recognition rate of hand‐written digits.
Electrodeposited Co-alloy GMR Multilayers for Nanoparticle Detection in a Microchannel (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Expression and Characterization of in vitro Aggregates and Inclusion Bodies of α-synuclein in E. coli (2022)

-synuclein (SNCA gene) aggregation in neuronal cells causes Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in the SNCA gene locus and accumulation of metal ions are the major hallmarks in PD patients. Inclusion bodies of -synuclein were expressed in E. coli by incorporating mutations in -synuclein and supplementing metal ions in the culture media. The inclusion body aggregates were purified and analyzed for the presence of amyloid type structures using thioflavin binding. The structure and functional characteristics of inclusion body aggregates formed during protein expression in E. coli makes them a suitable model to understand the mechanism of amyloid formation. Soluble -synuclein was aggregated to form amyloid type aggregates in vitro. Inclusion bodies of -synuclein showed similar structure and similar kinetics of formation as that of in vitro aggregates of -synuclein. Formation of -synuclein as inclusion bodies in E. coli and its amyloidogenic characteristics can be used to understand the process of protein aggregation. This information will be useful in discovery of next generation inhibitors for Parkinson's disease.
Trends in biological deodorization (2007)

生物脱臭技術，特に，下水処理場などから発生する硫化水素を主体とした臭気の処理技術において，日本が世界最高レベルにあることを私が認識したのは，2003年のことである．この年の9月に，シンガポールで「臭気とVOCに関する第2回国際水協会国際会議」が開催された．その席で米国から参加した研究者が最先端の研究成果として発表した内容が，日本では周知の事柄で，下水処理場などですでに利用されている内容であった．日本で当たり前になっている話が，海外では新発見になっていて，非常に驚いた．しかし，考えてみれば，日本の優秀な生物脱臭技術については，本誌をはじめとして日本語でしか紹介されていない．私自身は，生物脱臭に関して4つの論文を海外の学術雑誌に書いているが，それは私自身が研究を行って得た成果を発表したものであり，また，他の日本人研究者たちが英文で書いた論文にしても，自分の研究内容の発表とか，概論の紹介だけであって，海外の研究者や技術者に日本の高度な生物脱臭技術を知らせるようなものがない．このために，日本の生物脱臭技術が海外の研究者に伝わっていないと思われる．高効率型の生物脱臭について日本でさかんに研究が行われたのは，1990－95年ごろのことであり，その後，その技術が実用段階に移行し，最近は生物脱臭の話題が学術誌に登場することが少なくなった．とはいえ，この間にも，悪臭処理の現場では技術の進歩やノウハウの蓄積があったのである．しかし，これが学術誌にはほとんど紹介されておらず，現在の技術レベルが一般には伝わっていない．そこで，今回，生物脱臭の特集を企画し，生物脱臭装置の第一線におられる方々に技術の現状をご紹介いただくことにした．この現状を英文にして全世界へ向けて発信したいところである．ところで，生物脱臭装置の中で，脱臭の主役として活躍しているのは，細菌である．細菌の性質を詳細に調べるためには，細菌を純粋培養することが必要であるが，現状は，自然界の細菌の99％以上が純粋培養不可能であり，詳しい研究ができない．1990年ごろから，細菌の研究に分子生物学的な解析方法が導入され，DNA解析などを駆使して自然界の細菌を研究するようになったので，細菌を培養できなくても少しだけわかるようになったが，それでも，肝心のところは，純粋培養をしないと解明できない．たとえば，下水処理場で下水処理に利用されている活性汚泥の場合，DNA解析を用いると，どのような種類の細菌がおよそどれくらいの数いるのかという質問への回答を出すことができるが，回答には大きな偏りや誤差が含まれている可能性が高く，信頼性は薄い．さらにこれが，土壌中の細菌となると，土壌粒子がDNA解析を大きく阻害して，研究のやりようがない．活性汚泥や土壌のように複数種の細菌が混在する集団を解析することの困難さは，最先端技術を駆使した解析の結果が次々に報告されるようになって，1995年ごろからようやく，多くの研究者に認識されるようになった．生物脱臭装置についても，複数種の細菌が活躍している装置であり，実際にどんな細菌がどんな働きをしているのかを解明するのは難しいと考えられる．しかしながら，生物脱臭装置全体での物質収支を調べることや，純粋培養可能な細菌に基づいた研究から，生物脱臭装置で何が起こっているかは推定可能である．そういう知見をうまく利用し，また，細菌の解析が難しいという事実も頭に置いた上で装置の開発が進んだ成果として，気がついてみれば，すでに日本の生物脱臭装置の水準は世界最高レベルに達していたのである．さて，今回の特集では，各論文で記述が重複する部分について，その一部を著者にお願いして削除していただいたが，各論文が独立に読まれるということを考慮して，そのまま残していただいた部分もある．このため，重複する記述が出てくるが，お許しを願いたい．
Linear Combination Codebook Based CSI Feedback Scheme for FD-MIMO Systems (2015)

We present an enhanced CSI feedback scheme for FD-MIMO systems based on a linear combination codebook. To reduce codebook search complexity, an efficient codebook search method is also provided. Both capacity-based and system-level performance evaluations of the proposed scheme are conducted and the performance is compared with the Kronecker product codebook based scheme. The proposed linear combination codebook shows significant performance improvement over the Kronecker product codebook with reasonable increase in feedback overhead; thereby shows the potential to reduce the performance gap towards the ideal CSI scheme.
Spindichte‐Verteilung in Tris(organylthio)methyl‐Radikalen (1975)

Abstract Aus den ESR‐Spektren von Tris(organylthio)methyl‐Radikalen können die Kopplungsparameter von 13 C, 33 S und 1 H bestimmt werden. Die Zuordnung ist durch Untersuchung markierter Verbindungen gesichert. Die g ‐Faktoren sind wesentlich größer als die der Alkylradikale. Die Spindichte‐Verteilung ergibt sich sowohl aus den Kopplungen als auch aus den g ‐Werten übereinstimmend zu ϱC α ≈ 0.7 und ϱS α ≈ 0.1. Mit diesem Ergebnis werden die verschiedenen π‐ϱ‐ und Hyperkonjugationsparameter abgeschätzt, und eine nicht planare Konfiguration des trivalenten Kohlenstoffs wird diskutiert.
Influence of Electrolyte Coextraction on the Response of Indicator-Based Cation-Selective Optodes (2020)

Here, we report on systematic investigation of the impact of coextraction of the aqueous electrolyte and anion interference on the response of cation-selective bulk optodes. It is evident that to deliberately manage the properties of chemical sensors and to apply them in routine analysis, one should have exhaustive insight into their operation mechanism. Despite the extensive research in the field of ionophore-based optodes and numerous attempts for their practical application, the understanding of how coextraction of an aqueous electrolyte influences its response characteristics has not been developed thus far. Meanwhile, the electrolyte coextraction determines the detection limits of analogous ion-selective electrodes. A theoretical model based on phase distribution equilibrium is proposed to quantitatively describe the effect of Donnan exclusion failure on the response of polymeric plasticized optodes. The theoretical conclusions are confirmed by the results obtained with Na<sup>+</sup>/pH-selective optodes based on a neutral chromoionophore as a model system in solutions containing anions of various lipophilicities (Cl<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, I<sup>-</sup>, SCN<sup>-</sup>, and ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>). For the first time, it is shown that coextraction leads to a significant shift of the response range of the optodes as well as to nonmonotonic response curves due to the transition from cationic to anionic response. An approach to estimate the coextraction constants of electrolytes from the optode response curves is proposed. The limitations in the applicability of optodes due to co-ion interference are explored. It is found that neglecting anion interference can cause dramatic errors in the results of analyses with optical sensors.
Performance Limits of the Self‐Aligned Nanowire Top‐Gated MoS2 Transistors (2016)

In order to realize the promising potential of MoS 2 as the alternative channel material, it is essential to achieve high‐performance top‐gated MoS 2 field‐effect transistors (FETs), especially since the back‐gated counterparts cannot control the device individually. Although uniform high‐ k dielectric films, such as HfO 2 , can be obtained through the introduction of artificial nucleation sites on the MoS 2 channel to fabricate top‐gated FETs, this would inevitably degrade their channel/dielectric interface quality, induce significant charged impurity scattering and lower carrier mobility. In this work, MoS 2 FETs are fabricated using a self‐aligned nanowire top‐gate, which can effectively reduce the charged impurity scattering on the surface of MoS 2 . Specifically, the fabricated short‐channel devices exhibit impressive electrical performances, such as the high on/off current ratio, low interface trap density, and near‐ideal subthreshold slope at room temperature. In addition, the short channel effect is systematically analyzed, which indicates that the phonon scattering can be the dominant scattering mechanism in the devices when the amount of charged impurities is effectively reduced with the self‐aligned nanowire gate. All these provide an enhanced fabrication scheme to attain top‐gated short‐channel devices with the optimized interface and potentially to explore their corresponding performance limits.
The &#x03B7;-&#x03B1;-Pareto front of inductive power transfer coils (2012)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) has been proposed as an alternative charging technology for electric and hybrid electric vehicles (EV/HEV). Because the low magnetic coupling of the transmission coils potentially limits the achievable transmission efficiency η, the losses in the inductors are of key importance in the design of an IPT system. The available area for the receiver coil is usually limited due to the vehicle construction and thus a high area related power density α of the IPT system is needed. In this paper, it is shown that η is maximized if the resonant compensation is chosen such that only active power is transmitted through the air gap. It is shown that a physical boundary termed the η-α-Pareto front exists, where a trade-off between high efficiency and high area related power density is encountered. A thermal model is used to include the effect of an increased winding temperature into the efficiency calculation. The comparison of the η-α-Pareto fronts of three example designs shows that the shielding of the inductor yields a lower η due to additional losses in the shielding materials and that a higher transmission frequency does not necessarily lead to an efficiency improvement.
Production and purification of recombinant fragment of pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) in Escherichia coli (2011)

New conjugated vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae are being developed using pneumococcal surface proteins as carriers. The pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) was selected as carrier because it is indispensable for virulence of S. pneumoniae. The PspA can be classified into 3 families according to the homology of protein sequences, within each family there is immunological cross-reactivity and PspA from family 1 or 2 are present in 99% of strains associated with pneumococcal invasive disease. Hence, the purpose of this work was to develop an industrial production and purification process of His-tagged recombinant fragment of PspA in E. coli BL21 (DE3), rfPspA245 from family 1. Fed-batch cultivations in 5-L bioreactors with defined medium were carried out using glycerol as carbon source. It was obtained circa 60 g/L of dry cell weight and 3.0 g/L of rfPspA. Cells were disrupted with 96.7% of efficiency by high pressure continuous homogenizer. The clarification step was done by centrifugation. The results of chromatographic steps were analyzed by densitometry of SDS-PAGE protein bands. Using the chromatographic sequence anion exchange (Q-Sepharose) followed by metal affinity (IMAC-Sepharose), the rfPspA245 was obtained with 67% and 97% of purity respectively for each step and final recovery of 23%. In conclusion, the purification process was developed and rfPspA245 was obtained with high purity, but the recovery should still be improved.
Time-resolved ion velocity measurements in a high-power Hall thruster using laser-induced fluorescence with transfer function averaging (2020)

We present time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence measurements of ion velocity distributions in a 12.5 kW Hall Effect Rocket with Magnetic Shielding (HERMeS) operating in both quasi-periodic and aperiodic oscillation regimes. Transfer function averaging in Fourier space is used to obtain useable signal-to-noise ratios and synchronize data traces taken at different laser wavelengths, measurement axes, and positions in the plasma, achieving a measurement bandwidth of ∼100 kHz. For breathing-mode like global oscillations, the results are shown to be robust to the choice of either discharge current Id(t) or cathode-to-ground voltage Vcg(t) as the reference waveform input to the transfer function. At discharge voltage Vd=600 V, a nearly periodic, impulsive oscillation in the acceleration zone position was accompanied by a ≳100 V peak-to-peak oscillation in the near-plume plasma potential. Smaller amplitude, aperiodic oscillations in the mean ion velocities were detected at Vd=300 V.
Temporary Bonding Cost Of Ownership: The link between low total thickness variation and chip yield (2014)

The ability to process thin wafers with thicknesses of 20-50um on front- and backside is a key technology for 3D stacked ICs (3Ds-IC). The most obvious reason for thin wafers is the reduced form factor, which is especially important for handheld consumer devices. However, probably even more important is that thinner wafers enable significant cost reduction for TSVs. Consensus has developed on the use of Temporary Bonding / Debonding Technology as the solution of choice for reliably handling thin wafers through backside processing steps. Temporary bonding and debonding comprises several processes for which yield is essential, as costly fully functional device wafers are being processed. The presented temporary bonding process consists of a bi-layer system, a release layer, Dow Corning WL-3001 Bonding Release and an adhesive layer, Dow Corning WL-4030 or WL-4050 Bonding Adhesive, processed on EVG's 850XT universal temporary bonding and debonding platform. Furthermore, this bi-layer spin coated material allows a room temperature bonding-debonding process increase process throughput which translates to low cost of ownership for high volume manufacturing. As such, this bi-layer approach features high chemical stability exposed to phosphoric acid, nitric acid, organic solvents and other chemicals familiar to TSV fabrication. Besides chemical stability this adhesive system provides also a high thermal stability when exposed to temperatures up to 300 °C. The temporary bonding process yield has a major impact on the overall Cost of Ownership (CoO). On the other hand, throughput of the individual process steps like spin coating, bonding, cure, debonding and cleaning processes is the second determining factor for improved CoO. In this presentation, we will present a study of the total thickness variation (TTV) and the evolution of TTV at different stages of the process. High resolution in-line metrology is an enabling tool to trace the bond integrity and yield throughout backside processing. As TTV is a major determining factor of the overall process yield, understanding its impact over the bonded wafer pair carries major importance. Especially, non-continuity of the edge region, showing an inherent edge bead after coating, and edge die yield will be focus of our contribution. Finally, our experimental results will be transferred into a cost of ownership model, discussing the pros and cons for high volume production.
Current filaments and accompanying noises in porous silicon produced in the spark discharge (2002)

Leakage currents in oxidized porous silicon layers were analyzed using small-size scanning mercury probes. Current filaments with properties typical for noncoherent mesoscopic systems were revealed and investigated. It was shown that intense 1/f and random telegraph noises accompany carrier transport in local leakage channels.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Low-Calcium Serum-Free Defined Medium Selects for Growth of Normal Prostatic Epithelial Stem Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Low-Calcium Serum-Free Defined Medium Selects for Growth of Normal Prostatic Epithelial Stem Cells
Simulation of read-disturb lifetime reduction in submicron EPROM devices (2002)

An accurate and efficient physical simulation method, based on a 2-D energy transport model and Monte Carlo calculated hot electron energy distribution, has been used to simulate the read-disturb lifetime reduction of deep-submicron EPROM devices. This method has been validated by data of a 0.5 mu m EPROM technology and used to predict the read disturb lifetime for the 0.35 mu m technology generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>