gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial studies of ferroelectric cathodes (1993)

Summary form only given. Ferroelectrics are investigated as a novel source of electrons, capable of providing the current and beam quality necessary for high-performance cathodes. To test ferroelectrics for suitability as cathodes, a prototype electron gun in a triode configuration has been built. The gun is energized using a 3.5-microsecond type-E pulse forming network commutated by a hydrogen thyratron and capable of repetition rates of 1 kHz. The grid of the triode acts to induce the phase transition. A second voltage is applied across the anode-cathode gap to accelerate the electrons. A design has been developed for a beam transport system using standard accelerator technology to determine the beam emittance and brightness. Since ferroelectric cathodes can in principle operate at relatively low temperatures, the limiting emittance set by the cathode temperature should be very low.
Identification of galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose in the gastrointestinal tract of the tick Ixodes ricinus; possible relationship with red meat allergy (2013)

Patients with IgE antibodies against the carbohydrate epitope galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) have reported severe allergic reactions after consumption of red meat. Investigations have revealed associations between IgE to α-Gal and tick bites. We provide the first direct evidence that α-Gal is present within ticks thus potentially explaining the relationship between tick exposure and sensitization to α-Gal, with development of red meat allergy as a secondary phenomena. Serum from Swedish patients with delayed severe reactions to red meat was included in the study. A dose-dependent inhibition of IgE responses to α-Gal by the tick Ixodes ricinus is demonstrated. Furthermore, using cryostat-cut sections of I. ricinus, we show that both a monoclonal and a polyclonal antibody against α-Gal stains the gastrointestinal tract of the tick. The same pattern is seen when staining with patient sera IgE positive to α-Gal. These results confirm that the α-Gal epitope is present in I. ricinus and imply host exposure to α-Gal during a tick bite. This provides further evidence that tick bites are associated with IgE responses to α-Gal and red meat allergy.
T-Lymphocytes Contribute to Hepatic Leukostasis and Hypoxic Stress Induced by Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion (1999)

Although neutrophils have been implicated in the hepatic injury elicited by gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the contribution of other leukocyte populations to this injury process remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether lymphocytes contribute to gut I/R-induced microvascular dysfunction and inflammatory responses in the liver. Intravital videomicroscopy was used to monitor leukocyte recruitment, the number of nonperfused sinusoids and pyridine nucleotide (NADH) autofluorescence in livers of wild-type, SCID, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) knockout mice exposed to 15 min of gut ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion. In wild-type mice, gut I/R elicited significant increases in the number of stationary leukocytes, nonperfused sinusoids, NADH autofluorescence (indicating hypoxia), and elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and TNF-α levels. All of these responses were profoundly attenuated in SCID mice, while only some of the responses (in the midzonal region) were blunted in IFN-γ knockout mice. Reconstitution (24 h before ischemia) of the circulating lymphocyte pool with T-cell enriched splenocytes, but not T-cell deficient (from nude mice), CD4+ T-cell depleted splenocytes or splenocytes derived from IFN-γ knockout mice, allowed the SCID mice to respond to gut I/R in a manner similar to wild-type mice. Some of the responses were restored following reconstitution with CD8+ T-cell depleted splenocytes. These findings implicate CD4+ Tlymphocytes and IFN-γ in the hepatic microvascular dysfunction and inflammatory cell accumulation elicited by gut I/R.
Synthesis of new dibenzo nitrogen‐oxygen donor macrocycles containing two amide groups (1992)

Abstract Four new nitrogen‐oxygen, dibenzo macrocyclic ligands containing two amide groups have been prepared by combining a dibenzo‐containing diamidodialdehyde with an appropriate diamine followed by reduction of the intermediate bis Schiff‐base. The starting dibenzo‐containing diamidodialdehyde was prepared by treating 2 equivalents of salicylaldehyde with a bis( α ‐chloroamide).
Biological challenges for regeneration of the degenerated disc using cellular therapies (2016)

International audience
Disintegration of cytoskeletal structure of actin filaments in energy-depleted endothelial cells (1993)

In a previous study [Watanabe, H., W. Kuhne, R. Spahr, P. Schwartz, and H. M. Piper. Am. J. Physiol. 260 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 29): H1344-H1352, 1991] metabolic inhibition (5 mM KCN + 5 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose, for 2 h) was found to cause disintegration of F-actin filaments, cell retraction, and augmented paracellular macromolecule permeability in monolayer cultures of porcine aortic endothelial cells after a rapid depletion of ATP stores (90% in 5 min). These changes were reversible. In the present study, the nature of this cytoskeletal disintegration was investigated. 1) Disintegration of F-actin filaments within 2-h incubation under metabolic inhibition was accompanied by appearance of F-actin clumps in the cells, but total contents of F-actin remained unaltered. 2) Cytosolic Ca2+ levels rapidly rose in metabolically inhibited cells; after 2 h a 10-fold increase was observed. 3) Presence of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (10 microM) mimicked the reversible effect of metabolic inhibition on F-actin filaments and monolayer permeability but not the extensive depletion of ATP stores. 4) Existence of the Ca(2+)-activatable actin-severing protein gelsolin in endothelial cells was demonstrated. The results show that during the reversible phase of endothelial energy depletion disintegration of F-actin filaments is only partial, since it is based on their fragmentation and not depolymerization. Increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels seems to be the primary cause for the fragmentation, possibly through the activation of gelsolin.
Somatic Mutation of Immunoglobulin V Genes in Vitro (1996)

The molecular mechanism behind affinity maturation is the introduction of point mutations in immunoglobulin (Ig) V genes, followed by the selective proliferation of B cells expressing mutants with increased affinity for antigen. An in vitro culture system was developed in which somatic hypermutation of Ig V genes was sustained in primed B cells. Cognate T cell help and cross-linking of the surface Ig were required, whereas the addition of lipopolysaccharide or a CD40 ligand to drive proliferation was insufficient. This system should facilitate understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate somatic mutation and B cell selection.
Analysis of Attacks Against the Security of Keyless-Entry Systems for Vehicles and Suggestions for Improved Designs (2005)

Remote control of vehicle functions using a handheld electronic device became a popular feature for vehicles. Such functions include, but are not limited to, locking, unlocking, remote start, window closures, and activation of an alarm. As consumers enjoy the remote access and become more comfortable with the remote functions, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have started looking for new features to simplify and reduce the user interface for vehicle access. These new features will provide users with an additional level of comfort without requiring them to touch or press any button on any remote devices to gain access to the vehicle. While this extra level of comfort is a desirable feature, it introduces several security threats against the vehicle's keyless-entry system. This paper describes a number of attacks against the security of keyless-entry systems of vehicles and also presents analyzes of several attacks and compares the vulnerability of the system under different attacks. At the end, some suggestions for improved design are proposed.
Precision 1H–1H distance measurement via 13C NMR signals: utilization of 1H–1H double‐quantum dipolar interactions recoupled under magic angle spinning conditions (2004)

We applied the POST-C7 DQ-dipolar recoupling pulse sequence to the measurement of (1)H-(1)H distances with high precision. The spectral resolution is enhanced by detecting the (1)H magnetization via (13)C signals. A least-squares fitting of the build-up curve of the transferred magnetization to the exact numerical simulations yielded a (1)H(alpha)-(1)H(beta) distance of 248 +/- 4 pm for fully (13)C-labeled L-valine. This distance agrees with the neutron diffraction study. The negative transferred magnetization clearly indicates that the direct DQ (1)H-(1)H dipolar couplings have the largest effect. The signal for the magnetization transfer builds up rapidly by the direct (1)H-(1)H dipolar coupling, and decreases to zero at longer mixing time when the relayed magnetization transfer becomes significant. This large intensity change of the signal leads to the high precision in the distance measurement. We inspected factors that limit the effective bandwidth of the POST-C7 recoupling for the (1)H and (13)C homonuclear spin systems. The spin interactions at times shorter than the cycle time of the C7 sequence were also evaluated to measure the distances. The carbon-detected 2D (1)H DQ mixing experiment was demonstrated for the measurement of multiple (1)H-(1)H distances.
Optimized Search-and-Compute Circuits and Their Application to Query Evaluation on Encrypted Data (2015)

Private query processing on encrypted databases allows users to obtain data from encrypted databases in such a way that the users’ sensitive data will be protected from exposure. Given an encrypted database, users typically submit queries similar to the following examples: 1) How many employees in an organization make over U.S. $100000? 2) What is the average age of factory workers suffering from leukemia? Answering the questions requires one to search and then compute over the relevant encrypted data sets in sequence. In this paper, we are interested in efficiently processing queries that require both operations to be performed on fully encrypted databases. One immediate solution is to use several special-purpose encryption schemes simultaneously; however, this approach is associated with a high computational cost for maintaining multiple encryption contexts. Another solution is to use a privacy homomorphic scheme. However, no secure solutions have been developed that satisfy the efficiency requirements. In this paper, we construct a unified framework to efficiently and privately process queries with search and compute operations. For this purpose, the first part of our work involves devising several underlying circuits as primitives for queries on encrypted data. Second, we apply two optimization techniques to improve the efficiency of these circuit primitives. One technique involves exploiting single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) techniques to accelerate the basic circuit operations. Unlike general SIMD approaches, our SIMD implementation can be applied even to a single basic operation. The other technique is to use a large integer ring (e.g., <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {Z}_{2^{t}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) as a message space rather than a binary field. Even for an integer of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k&gt;t$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , addition can be performed using degree 1 circuits with lazy carry operations. Finally, we present various experiments performed by varying the considered parameters, such as the query type and the number of tuples.
Jab to RGB multidimensional lookup tables (2010)

The CIECAM color appearance space (Jab) is widely used in color science. The relationship between XYZ and Jab is defined by a set of equations. For ease of computation and architectural flexibility, it is desirable to implement these relationships in multi-dimensional lookup table form. Unfortunately, for some colors just outside the sRgb gamut, these equations give complex numbers. Furthermore, to include colors that printers can produce, a transformation between Jab and a wider gamut RGB is necessary. Such a table would contain problematical colors. To solve this problem we accurately reproduce the CIECAM results within a gamut of reasonable colors. Nodes just outside the gamut are used when interpolating to find colors just inside the gamut so they are also affected by the accuracy constraint. All the nodes outside the gamut are also subjected to a smoothness constraint. Both RGB to Jab and Jab to RGB tables have been produced for a wide gamut RGB, and give quite accurate results.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraarylphosphonium‐Supported Carbodiimide Reagents: Synthesis, Structure Optimization and Applications. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
19. S (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessEncyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth edition19. SAuthors: Robert E. SheriffRobert E. SheriffProfessor, University of Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chs SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chsFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth edition ISBN (print):978-1-56080-118-4ISBN (online):978-1-56080-296-9 Copyright: 2002 Pages: 442 publication data© 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2002 CITATION INFORMATION Robert E. Sheriff, (2002), "19. S," Geophysical References Series : 305-346. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chs Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
In-situ Electron Microscopy to Inform Superior Magnetic Nanocomposites (2020)

Recent developments in high switching frequency WBG semiconductors have resulted in increased performance of power electronic circuits. For example, GaN is now a go-to semiconductor for power converters in vehicle electronics, due to its faster switching speed and weight reduction. The passive magnetic components (e.g., inductors and transformers) however have not matched these advances and now account for a disproportionate size and weight. Traditional magnetic core materials (e.g., ferrites) can suffer from energy loss via heat generation with the two main mechanisms being magnetic hysteresis and the formation of eddy currents. Therefore, a material is needed that possesses a high magnetic saturation value (Msat) while eliminating these loss mechanisms. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are a promising magnetic material as they are air-stable and possess a high Msat of 92 Am 2 /kg. When the magnetic field is removed, thermal energy randomly reorients the coherent magnetic dipoles of the nanoparticles to yield a total zero magnetic moment. To maintain superparamagnetism at high switching frequencies, nanoparticle relaxation must occur faster than the switching magnetic field. This requires incredibly tight synthetic control as relaxation time is highly dependent on nanoparticle size ( e V ). We recently showed that by synthesizing wustite (FeO) nanoparticles and then oxidizing to Fe3O4, we could achieve sub-nm control over nanoparticle diameter. 4 However, some results indicate that internal defects can be introduced depending on oxidation temperature, which can reduce Msat by up to 60%.
Technology Developments for an Advanced L-Band Radiometer Mission (2020)

ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission was launched 2 Nov 2009 and, to date, is still in good health, providing valuable L-band observations of the Earth surface [1]. A number of products are obtained from these, including thin sea ice [2], frost/thaw soils [3], high winds [4], ocean surface wind [5] and Sun brightness temperature [6], besides the main mission measurements of soil moisture and sea surface salinity [7] [8]. This paper deals with the description and early results of some technology activities conducted by ESA applying the lessons learnt by SMOS and in preparation of an advanced L-band radiometer mission.
Changes in Membrane Integrity, Cytoskeletal Structure, and Developmental Potential of Murine Oocytes after Vitrification in Ethylene Glycol1 (1996)

A systematic approach was taken to assess and optimize a protocol for intracellular vitrification by introducing high concentrations of the cryoprotectant agent (CPA) ethylene glycol (EG) into unfertilized murine oocytes. The effects of EG on membrane integrity, microfilament organization, and developmental potential were evaluated. During exposure to 0.5-2 M EG, oocytes showed maximum shrinkage to 55.5% of the isotonic volume within the first minute and reexpanded to their initial volume within 15 min. Transferral of oocytes to higher concentrations of EG (4-8 M EG) for 1-5 min after 15 min of equilibration at 2 M EG was tolerated well. Microfilament organization appeared normal after this equilibration period. During prolonged exposure (> 5 min) to high concentrations of EG (> 4 M), membrane blebs were noticed on the surface of the cells, and microfilament distribution was disturbed. After treatment with 6 M EG and vitrification with 6 M EG + f2p40.5 M sucrose, there were no significant differences in development to the two-cell and blastocyst stages between CPA-treated, vitrified, and control oocytes. These results indicate that EG is an effective CPA for mouse oocyte vitrification protocols without any observed compromise in morphology and developmental functions.
Stability of SrCe[sub 1−x]Zr[sub x]O[sub 3−δ] under Water Gas Shift Reaction Conditions (2010)

and have been reported as promising materials for hydrogen separation membranes. However, their stability needs to be improved under hydrocarbon gas conditions. We report the effect of Zr doping in on chemical stability. is the main species to cause the stability problem, and the decomposition occurs by the following reaction: . By using Zr doping, we subsequently demonstrated that hydrogen permeation through a tubular membrane is stable under water gas shift reaction conditions.
Enhancing the performance of carrier depletion based silicon electro-optical modulators via slow light propagation (2011)

Slow light enhancement via a nanostructured one-dimensional (1D) periodic waveguide is exploited to demonstrate up to 40 Gb/s modulation in a CMOS compatible 500 μm-long silicon electro-optical device based on carrier depletion in a pn junction.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Selects for Lung Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells Dependent on Notch Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity Selects for Lung Adenocarcinoma Stem Cells Dependent on Notch Signaling
Achieving Long-Term Fairness and Optimum Multiuser Diversity Gain in Time-Varying Broadcast Channels (2009)

In this paper, a downlink system in which a single-antenna base station communicates with k single antenna users over a time-correlated fading channel is considered. It is assumed that each receiver knows its own channel state, while the rate of the channel variation for all users and the corresponding initial fading gains are known to the base station. The average (per channel use) throughput of the system is studied by applying various adaptive signaling schemes. Assuming a large number of users in the system, it is shown that using a scheduling scheme in which the base station transmits to the user with the maximum initial fading gain, while using a fixed codeword length for all users, achieves the order of the maximum throughput. Moreover, an alternative scheduling scheme is proposed (by accounting for users' delays) and shown to achieve the optimum long-term fairness, while preserving the order of the maximum throughput.
The Identification of Renal Cell Carcinoma as a Target for Allogeneic Based Cancer Immunotherapy (2002)

Renal cell carcinoma tumor cells are intrinsically resistant to chemotherapy, but unlike most solid tumors, may be susceptible to immune-based therapy. Because powerful immune effects can be generated against hematological malignancies following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, we investigated for similar anti-tumor responses in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma following the transplantation of an allogeneic immune system from a healthy HLA-matched family donor. Early laboratory and clinical results have demonstrated that following a reduced-intensity allogeneic stem cell transplant, donor T-cell mediated anti-tumor effects, resulting in sustained and sometimes complete tumor regression, can be generated against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) refractory to conventional cytokine-based therapy. Early data indicate that cytotoxic T cells of donor origin are the mediators of these anti-tumor effects. These preliminary studies provide additional evidence supporting the susceptibility of RCC to immune attack and lay the foundation for future targeted allo-immune-based cancer strategies.
Effekt von regulatorischen CD4+CD25+ T Zellen auf den Thymus in experimenteller chronischer Kolitis (2006)

Hintergrund: Es gibt Hinweise, dass eine abnormale Thymusfunktion eine Rolle in der Pathogenese chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen spielt. Mäuse, die das humane CD3ε Gen überexpremieren (TGε26 Mäuse), zeigen eine Störung der thymusabhängigen T-Zellentwicklung was zu einer abnormalen Thymusentwicklung und zum Fehlen von adulten T-Zellen in der Peripherie führt. Transplantation von syngenem Knochenmark (KM) in Tgε26 Mäuse führt im Thymus zur Bildung aggressiver Kolitis-induzierender CD4+ Zellen während regulatorische CD4+CD25+ Zellen vermindert gebildet werden. Unsere früheren Studien zeigen, dass Transfer von regulatorischen T-Zellen in KM-transplantierte Tgε26 Mäuse den peripheren T-Zell Pool normalisiert und eine Kolitis verhindert. Ziel dieser Studie war, zu überprüfen ob, die Normalisierung der T-Zellentwicklung nach Gabe von regulatorischen T-Zellen im Thymus von Tgε26 Mäusen stattfindet.