gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of MRI-Compatible Nuclear Medicine Imaging Detectors (2006)

The value of pre-clinical PET and MRI is established, and SPECT also is now routinely used in drug development, disease treatment, and molecular biology research. The aim of this research is to prepare and test imaging prototypes of both SPECT and PET with similar form-factors for use within the core of a pre-clinical MRI. To test the imaging properties of the SPECT detector in a magnetic field a prototype based on CZT semiconductor detectors has been fabricated. This detector has a field-of-view of 2.54 times 12.7 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and is fitted with a parallel hole collimator for mouse imaging. The prototype is designed to obtain a tomographic dataset by manual positioning within a 90-degree projection range. Shielding, support, positioning, and cooling materials were selected to minimally influence the magnetic field homogeneity. Fabrication of a stationary, polygonal ring of CZT has commenced. An APD-based, light-sharing detector has been evaluated for use in PET. The detector configuration is a 2 times 2 array of 10 mm times 10 mm Hamamatsu S8664-1010 APDs used to read out multi-crystal LYSO blocks. The design of the detector and front-end electronics is optimized for spectroscopic and timing performance, minimization of power dissipation, and low electromagnetic interference. Current plans are for assembling five rings, each with 17 modules, to give a 13.0 cm axial FOV with a 14 cm inner diameter. The results on the tests and performance of both types of modules are reported.
Specialty optical fiber (2003)

Within the past decade, several fiber-based devices have achieved significant commercial success, including fiber lasers, amplifiers, filters, sensors, and gyroscopes. This discussion considers the development fibers that enable these devices.
Regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 catalytic activity by phosphorylation (1999)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is found in an active form only in neuronal cells. Activation by virtue of association with the cyclin-like neuronal proteins p35 (or its truncated form p25) and p39 is the only mechanism currently shown to regulate cdk5 catalytic activity. In addition to cyclin binding, other members of the cdk family require for maximal activation phosphorylation of a Ser/Thr residue (Thr(160) in the case of cdk-2) that is conserved in all cdks except cdk8. This site is phosphorylated by cdk-activating kinases, which, however, do not phosphorylate cdk5. To examine the possible existence of a phosphorylation-dependent regulatory mechanism in the case of cdk5, we have metabolically labeled PC12 cells with (32)P(i) and shown that the endogenous cdk5 is phosphorylated. Bacterially expressed cdk5 also can be phosphorylated by PC12 cell lysates. Phosphorylation of cdk5 by a PC12 cell lysate results in a significant increase in cdk5/p25 catalytic activity. Ser(159) in cdk5 is homologous to the regulatory Thr(160) in cdk2. A Ser(159)-to-Ala (S159A) cdk5 mutant did not show similar activation, which suggests that cdk5 is also regulated by phosphorylation at this site. Like other members of the cdk family, cdk5 catalytic activity is influenced by both p25 binding and phosphorylation. We show that the cdk5-activating kinase (cdk5AK) is distinct from the cdk-activating kinase (cyclin H/cdk7) that was reported previously to neither phosphorylate cdk5 nor affect its activity. We also show that casein kinase I, but not casein kinase II, can phosphorylate and activate cdk5 in vitro.
Heteroatom-containing organics during liquefaction: Final report (1989)

The primary goal of this research was to investigate the fates of several heteroatom-containing compounds during low-rank coal liquefaction under mild conditions. Also studied were the performances of three hydrogen shuttlers during mild liquefaction. Reaction systems investigated include: (1) thermal reactions of coal without solvent, (2) thermal reactions of coal with labeled solvent, and (3) thermal reactions of coal with labeled H-donors and labeled heteroatom-containing coal model compounds. Results are discussed. 6 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.
Mortalität auf der Warteliste zur Lebertransplantation: Vergleich der prognostischen Wertigkeit des MELD- und des Child-Pugh Scores (2008)

Hintergrund: Der MELD-Score ermöglicht die Einschätzung der Mortalität für Patienten im Endstadium einer Lebererkrankung. Daher wurde der MELD-Score mittlerweile als Kriterium zur Organvergabe für die Lebertransplantation im ET Verbund eingeführt. Dennoch ist nicht sicher geklärt, ob der MELD-Score dem bisherigen Allokationskriterium, dem Child-Pugh-Score hinsichtlich Prädiktion der Mortalität auf der Warteliste überlegen ist.
Comparison of capillary and venous blood for malaria detection using two PCR based assays in febrile patients in Sierra Leone. (2020)

Abstract Background Malaria parasites infect over 200 million people and cause more than 400,000 deaths each year. Rapid and sensitive diagnostics are critical tools for clinical case management and public health control efforts. Both capillary and venous blood are currently used for malaria detection and while diagnostic technologies may not be equally sensitive with both materials the published data on this subject are scarce are not conclusive. Methods Paired samples of venous and capillary blood from 103 febrile individuals in Bo, Sierra Leone, were obtained between January and May 2019 and tested for the presence of Plasmodium parasites using two multiplexed PCR assays: the FilmArray-based Global Fever Panel (GFP) and the TaqMan-based Malaria Multiplex Sample Ready (MMSR) assay. Results We observed no significant differences in Plasmodium parasite detection between capillary and venous blood when using the MMSR assay. In GFP assays, however, markers for Plasmodium spp. and P. falciparum were detected at significantly higher numbers of venous samples (p&lt;0.002 and p&lt;0.05, respectively). The GFP assay was more sensitive than MMSR for Plasmodium spp. in both types of samples and overall more sensitive (taking all detected malaria markers into account) in venous samples only. Conclusions Malaria detection sensitivity may be higher for venous blood compared to capillary blood in case of certain targets when using PCR-based detection methods. The overall sensitivity of GFP assay was generally higher than MMSR but depended on the target and clinical material used.
Electrochemical analysis based on nanoporous structures (2012)

Analytical applications and the underlying principles of unique electrochemistry in nanoporous structures are reviewed and discussed. In addition to the conventional concept of enlarged surface area, the structural effects of nanoporous materials can play significant roles such as discriminative electrokinetics, the nano-confinement effect, electrical double layer overlapping, ion-selective impedance, etc. The applications described in this review article include solid-state pH sensors, miniaturized pseudo-reference electrodes, nonenzymatic glucose monitoring, ion diodes, transistors, extracellular neural probes, and a few more. Further intensive research is required to develop creative analytical tools based on nanoporous structures and to unravel the underlying physicochemical principles.
Increased gelatinase A (MMP-2) and cathepsin B activity in invasive tumor regions of human colon cancer samples. (1994)

Gelatinase A (MMP-2) and cathepsin B are proteinases which have been proposed to participate in human tumor invasion and metastasis. Precise quantitation of the activity of these enzymes in invading tumors has not been previously described. We utilized a novel tissue microdissection technique to determine levels of enzyme activity in specific microscopic areas of invasive human colon cancer. Tissue specimens smaller than one high power field can be extracted from the samples and analyzed. Increased levels of pro-enzyme and active enzyme forms of gelatinase A (MMP-2) and increased cathepsin B activity were localized in regions of tumor invasion as compared with a matched number of normal epithelial cells from the same patient. Levels of progelatinase B (MMP-9) were also increased in the tumors; however, we did not observe activation of this enzyme. To investigate the mechanism of gelatinase A activation, we amplified DNA of specific microdissected tumor cell populations using polymerase chain reaction. We did not detect a mutation in the activation locus of the enzyme in any of the tumors studied, which suggests that activation may be due to up-regulation of a tumor-associated gelatinase A activating species. Microdissection of frozen tissue sections may prove valuable in the study of proteinases in human tumor invasion as well as in the detection of genetic alterations in human cancers.
SATSIX Architecture for Next-Generation Satellite Systems with IPv6 and DVB (2007)

Broadband satellite will play an important role to provide universal broadband access for the users. In order to lower the cost, the next-generation satellite systems should support IPv6 and seamlessly integrate with terrestrial networks, including wireless local loops. In this paper, a novel network architecture has been proposed as a potential solution to the above problem. Based on the proposed overall network and functional architecture, we have emphasised and presented different aspects of the advanced IPv6-enable networking techniques, such as QoS, multicast, security and mobility. The transport protocols can be used in this network architecture are also studied. © 2007 by SATSIX.
Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 5.02 TeV (2021)

A bstract We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb − 1 . To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.
Fabrication of submicron Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junctions using ECR plasma etching technique (1997)

It is important to develop a high-yielding and reproducible fabrication process of submicron Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junctions to improve the integration level and the operating speed of Josephson LSI circuits. For this purpose, we have developed a junction fabrication process by introducing an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma etching technique with CF/sub 4/ gas. In the ECR plasma etching technique, highly anisotropic etching of Nb was achieved. Over-etching was reduced by 86%. We have successfully fabricated Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb junctions with critical current density of 10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ using the cross-line patterning (CLIP) method and the electron beam (EB) lithography technique, where the size of the junctions was varied from 2 /spl mu/m to 0.5 /spl mu/m at 0.1 /spl mu/m intervals. High-quality submicron junctions for integrated circuits with small spread of critical current Ic was obtained. High uniformity of Ic was achieved. The characteristics of the fabricated junctions are discussed and compared with the junctions fabricated by RIE technique.
Human plasminogen-derived N-acetyl-Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu antagonizes VEGFR-2 to prevent blood-retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic mice (2020)

Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/its receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) system has become a mainstay of treatment for many human diseases, including retinal diseases. We examined the therapeutic effect of recently developed N-acetylated Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (Ac-RLYE), a human plasminogen kringle-5 domain-derived VEGFR-2 antagonists, on the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Ac-RLYE inhibited VEGF-A-mediated VEGFR-2 activation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived NO production in the retinas of diabetic mice. In addition, Ac-RLYE prevented the disruption of adherens and tight junctions and vascular leakage by inhibiting S-nitrosylation of β-catenin and tyrosine nitration of p190RhoGAP in the retinal vasculature of diabetic mice. Peptide treatment preserved the pericyte coverage of retinal capillaries by upregulating angiopoietin-2. These results suggest that Ac-RLYE potentially prevents blood-retinal barrier breakdown and vascular leakage by antagonizing VEGFR-2; Ac-RLYE can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Phosphorylated oil-filled microcapsules for anticorrosion self-healing coating (2021)

International audience
Surface modification of mesoporous silicon optical rugate filters for low-concentration vapor detection (2019)

Current chemical detection techniques are not feasible in rugged environments where speed of detection, autonomous operation, and compactness are crucial factors. In this study, we investigate the promising photonic crystal structure of porous silicon (pSi) for portable sensing. HF-ethanol electrolyte with Pt/Al electrodes and a sinusoidal current oscillating between 15 mA and 108 mA was used to electrochemically etch p++-type porous silicon optical rugate filters with a 50% porosity. The samples were hydroxylated in ozone gas and functionalized through a ring-opening living polymerization reaction with a heterocyclic silane to retain thermal and alkaline stability. ATR-FTIR spectra and SEM confirmed the ring-opening reaction with grafting via O-Si bonds to the pSi surface. Hydrophobicity was demonstrated by water contact angles of 120-130 degrees. A stable stopband was maintained after varying thermal and alkaline conditions. After confirming pSi stability, a broad range of VOCs were cycled through a pressurized flow chamber and a bifurcated optical fiber CCD spectrometer continuously monitored for changes in the reflected stopband of the sensor. Target library VOCs underwent microcapillary condensation in pSi cavities, changing the composite refractive index and producing predictable optical stopband shifts with a precision within 0.03 nm for pure VOCs and 0.79 nm for complex mixtures and a threshold detection concentration of 1 microgram per cubic meter. With a precision which parallels state-of-theart chemical detection methods, as well as high stability and portability, this nanosensor is viable in chemical detection systems for real-time air quality monitoring, military defense, and forensic analysis.
Anisotropic radius of curvature of crystal planes in wide-bandgap semiconductor wafers measured by X-ray diffraction (2021)

Abstract Conventionally, the radius of curvature of crystal planes in a wafer is measured by position-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) along a particular diagonal direction of the wafer. However, we show herein that this method is not reliable for assessing the wafer’s real three-dimensional curvature. Using commercial 2 inch 4H-SiC, GaN, AlN, and β -Ga 2 O 3 wafers, we demonstrate that the choice of the diagonal direction along which the position-dependent XRD was acquired strongly affects not only the apparent radius of curvature but also whether it is convex or concave.
Effect of Age on Active and Inactive Plasma Renin in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Essential Hypertension* (1981)

The effect of age on the levels of active and trypsin-activatable inactive plasma renin was examined in 41 normal subjects and 54 patients with essential hypertension, during recumbency and after stimulation with furosemide and ambulation. Active renin levels in supine subjects and patients decreased with age. Inactive renin levels did not change with age in normal subjects, whereas in hypertensive patients they decreased with age. Following stimulation with furosemide and ambulation, the levels of active renin increased but the responsiveness to stimulus decreased with age in both groups. In contrast, inactive renin levels slightly increased after furosemide administration and ambulation, resulting in increased proportion of active to total renin. These data show that an acute stimulation with furosemide and ambulation affects mainly the active form of plasma renin, and the effect of age on inactive plasma renin in normal subjects may be different from that in patients with essential hypertension.
Optical modeling for LED in mid-field region (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel LED modeling algorithm for precise 3-D light pattern simulation. Normalized cross correlation is proposed to to verify the validity of the simulation in 1-D intensity pattern as well as 2-D irradiance pattern in various mid-field distances. The model is demonstrated to obtain more than 98% in normalized cross correlation between the simulation light pattern and experimental measurement for a TIP LED emitter by Lumileds.
Examining the use of stored navigation knowledge for neural network based INS/GPS integration (2006)

Au cours des dernieres annees, on a assiste a l'utilisation des techniques de l'intelligence artificielle pour integrer les systemes de navigation par inertie (INS) et les systemes mondiaux de localisation (GPS) pour diverses applications de navigation. Par exemple, l'utilisation des Reseaux de neurones artificiels (RNA) pour l'integration des INS/GPS a demontre la possibilite de depasser les limites des mecanismes traditionnels d'integration fondes primordialement sur l'approche de filtrage Kalman et d'ameliorer la precision de la localisation pendant de longues interruptions des signaux GPS. La plupart des techniques fondees sur les RNA dependent des reseaux statiques (p. ex. Reseaux de neurones multicouches sans retroaction, les RNMSR). Certains ouvrages suggerent que le Reseau de neurones dynamiques (p. ex. les Reseaux de neurones recurrents, les RNR) peut procurer plus d'avantages computationnels qu'un reseau statique dans certaines applications telles que la reconnaissance de la voix et le controle robotique; ainsi, le present article examine le developpement du mecanisme d'integration des INS/GPS utilisant les RNR et compare son rendement pour les techniques des RNMSR et du filtrage conventionnel Kalman. L'architecture adoptee dans le present article est fondee sur le traitement des composantes des positions INS et la mise a jour des RNMSR ou des RNR avec des positions GPS pour evaluer les erreurs de position de l'INS. De plus, nous suggerons une nouvelle facon d'etablir les connaissances en navigation durant la formation des RNMSR ou des RNR et d'examiner leur rendement durant la procedure de mise a jour. Les resultats d'essais sur le terrain obtenus d'un INS et d'un GPS differentiel de qualite adequate pour la navigation sont utilises dans cette etude pour evaluer le rendement des techniques proposees.
High-Power, All-Fiber, Yb-Doped Multi-Core Fiber Amplifier (2022)

We have demonstrated a 173 W, all-fiber multicore amplifier using a six-core single-mode Yb-doped fiber and an all-fiber multi-core pump-signal combiner. Each of Yb-doped cores has 17-µm mode-field diameter and is capable of kW-class operation.
Parameter Design in Optimal Control Problems for Linear Dynamic Systems Using a Canonical Form (2013)

Control problems in dynamic systems require an optimal selection of input trajectories and system parameters. In this paper, a novel procedure for optimization of a linear dynamic system is proposed that simultaneously solves the parameter design problem and the optimal control problem using a specific system state transformation. Also, the proposed procedure includes structural design constraints within the control system. A direct optimal control method is also examined to compare it with the proposed method. The limitations and advantages of both methods are discussed in terms of the number of states and inputs. Consequently, linear dynamic system examples are optimized under various constraints and the merits of the proposed method are examined.
Quantifying the association between white matter integrity changes and subconcussive head impact exposure from a single season of youth and high school football using 3D convolutional neural networks (2018)

The effect of subconcussive head impact exposure during contact sports, including American football, on brain health is poorly understood particularly in young and adolescent players, who may be more vulnerable to brain injury during periods of rapid brain maturation. This study aims to quantify the association between cumulative effects of head impact exposure from a single season of football on white matter (WM) integrity as measured with diffusion MRI. The study targets football players aged 9-18 years old. All players were imaged pre- and post-season with structural MRI and diffusion tensor MRI (DTI). Fractional Anisotropy (FA) maps, shown to be closely correlated with WM integrity, were computed for each subject, co-registered and subtracted to compute the change in FA per subject. Biomechanical metrics were collected at every practice and game using helmet mounted accelerometers. Each head impact was converted into a risk of concussion, and the risk of concussion-weighted cumulative exposure (RWE) was computed for each player for the season. Athletes with high and low RWE were selected for a two-category classification task. This task was addressed by developing a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to automatically classify players into high and low impact exposure groups from the change in FA maps. Using the proposed model, high classification performance, including ROC Area Under Curve score of 85.71% and F1 score of 83.33% was achieved. This work adds to the growing body of evidence for the presence of detectable neuroimaging brain changes in white matter integrity from a single season of contact sports play, even in the absence of a clinically diagnosed concussion.
Molecular determinants of cysteine string protein modulation of N-type calcium channels (2003)

Cysteine string proteins (CSPs) are secretory vesicle chaperones that are important for neurotransmitter release. We have previously reported an interaction of CSP with both heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) and N-type calcium channels that results in a tonic G protein inhibition of the channels. In this report we directly demonstrate that two separate regions of CSP associate with G proteins. The N-terminal binding site of CSP, which includes the J domain, binds Galpha subunits but not Galphabeta subunits whereas the C terminal binding site of CSP associates with either free Galphabeta subunits or Galphabeta in complex with Galpha. The interaction of either binding site of CSP (CSP1-82 or CSP83-198) with G proteins elicits robust tonic inhibition of N-type calcium channel activity. However, CSP1-82 inhibition and CSP83-198 inhibition of calcium channels occur through distinct mechanisms. Calcium channel inhibition by CSP83-198 (but not CSP1-82) is completely blocked by co-expression of the synaptic protein interaction site (synprint) of the N-type channel, indicating that CSP83-198 inhibition is dependent on a physical interaction with the calcium channel. These results suggest that distinct binding sites of CSP can play a role in modulating G protein function and G protein inhibition of calcium channels.