gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metrological tools for the reference materials and reference instruments of the NIST Material Measurement Laboratory (2021)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly the National Bureau of Standards, was established by the U.S. Congress in 1901 and charged with establishing a measurement foundation to facilitate U.S. and international commerce. NIST provides reference materials and reference instruments that are used to ensure the accuracy, metrological traceability, and comparability of measurement results in many diverse fields of science, industry, and technology. This document provides and explains the vocabulary used at NIST to describe the reference materials and reference instruments available to NIST s customers. This document also describes the methods used in developing NIST reference materials. The definitions and descriptions provided supersede those used in the original versions of this publication, NIST SP260-136 and SP260-136-2020.
Architecting the next generation of service-based SCADA/DCS system of systems (2011)

SCADA and DCS systems are in the heart of the modern industrial infrastructure. The rapid changes in the networked embedded systems and the way industrial applications are designed and implemented, call for a shift in the architectural paradigm. Next generation SCADA and DCS systems will be able to foster cross-layer collaboration with the shop-floor devices as well as in-network and enterprise applications. Ecosystems driven by (web) service based interactions will enable stronger coupling of real-world and the business side, leading to a new generation of monitoring and control applications and services witnessed as the integration of large-scale systems of systems that are constantly evolving to address new user needs.
A monoclonal anti-interleukin 8 antibody (WS-4) inhibits cytokine response and acute lung injury in experimental severe acute necrotising pancreatitis in rabbits (1998)

WS-4 cannot change the amount of pancreatic necrosis induced by injection of 5% bile acid, but does reduce the acute lung injury, presumably through inhibition of circulating IL-8 and TNF-alpha, and CD11b/CD18 in lung tissue. Therefore, a role of IL-8 in the progression of acute pancreatitis and the development of its systemic complications is suggested.
International Standardization for Laser Display Devices (2014)

Laser display has many advantages, but some of key issues, especially for speckle in terms of image quality, have made it diffi cult to expand laser display market like other displays which use incoherent light. Although measuring method of speckle and other measurement parameters affected by speckle are necessary to defi ne specifi cation of laser display devices, different approaches from several groups made the situation complicated. To solve this problem, establishment of working group in IEC TC110 was proposed from China and Japan National Committee to make international standards related to laser display devices in 2012. In 2013, TC110 WG 10: Laser display devices, was offi cially established by approval of two New work item Proposal from Japan National Committee. For the next step, color speckle is main issue about measuring method of speckle.
Profitability of multi‐loop aquaponics: Year‐long production data, economic scenarios and a comprehensive model case (2020)

This case study examined the productivity and economic performance of a double recirculation aquaponic system in Germany with a total interior area of about 540 m2. Calculations were carried out as an ex post analysis based on one-year production data. The initial situation was not profitable; therefore, two scenarios were developed, which envisaged a significantly improved productivity of the fish as well as of the plant unit and a more than threefold enlargement of the greenhouse to make maximum use of the fish effluent. An ex ante analysis was performed and showed that the second scenario was profitable with a payback period of about 12 years. On the basis of this scenario, a simple but comprehensive model case with the complete set of economic key indicators showed that aquaponics is feasible if it exploits its potential, regardless of the high initial investment costs. The model case would cover an overall space of about 2,000 m2, which is suitable for professional aquaponics in urban and peri-urban areas with their limited space availability. Furthermore, multi-loop aquaponics with its inherent circles fits into the circular city concept and implements resource-efficient and sustainable food production into the urban fabric, which is important with increasing urbanization.
The carboxyl terminus of the chicken α3 chain of collagen VI is a unique mosaic structure with glycoprotein Ib-like, fibronectin type III, and Kunitz modules (1989)

The primary amino acid sequence of the carboxyl-terminal portion of the alpha 3 chain of chick type VI collagen as deduced from the nucleotide sequence is reported. This carboxyl-terminal segment is not present in the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of chick type VI collagen and is specific for a mosaic region with extensive similarities to several other proteins. This unique segment, beginning with a stretch (73 residues) very rich in serine and threonine, is preceded by sequences analogous to the platelet glycoprotein Ib. This region is followed by one segment that closely resembles the type III domains of fibronectin. At the end of the sequence, there is a 58-residue motif very similar to sequences characteristic of the Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitors. The present findings and our recent observation that the alpha 3(VI) chain contains 11 repeats similar to type A repeats of von Willebrand factor raise interesting questions about the peculiar mosaic structure and the multiple functions that this unique collagen might play in growth and remodeling of connective tissues.
Fusion splicing of heavy metal fluoride glass optical fibres (1989)

Heavy metal fluoride (HMF) glass optical fibres were spliced by fusing the two ends of fibres using a DC arc. An average optical loss of 0.08 dB per splice and strengths of up to 600 M Pa were achieved for fusion splices using an inert gas purge during splicing. Estimates are made to determine the feasibility of achieving a splice loss of 0.005dB for singlemode (HMF) fibres.
Generic properties of Whitehead's Algorithm, stabilizers in Aut(F k ) and one-relator groups (2003)

We show that the hard part of Whitehead's algorithm for solving the automorphism problem in a fixed free group Fk terminates in linear time (in terms of the length of an input) on an exponentially generic set of input pairs and thus the algorithm has strongly linear-time generic-case complexity. We also prove that the stabilizers of generic elements of Fk in Aut(Fk) are cyclic groups generated by inner auto- morphisms. We apply these results to one-relator groups and show that one-relator groups are generically complete groups, that is, they have trivial center and trivial outer automorphism group. We prove that the number In of isomorphism types of k-generator one-relator groups with defining relators of length n satisfies c1 n (2k 1) n � Inc
A general class of self-scalable and self-similar arrays (2003)

There has been considerable interest in the radiation characteristics of self-scalable and self-similar planar arrays. For instance, array configurations based on Sierpinski carpets have been considered. The properties of self-scalable concentric circular Weierstrass arrays and self-similar concentric circular Cantor arrays have also been investigated. We present an alternative design methodology for the mathematical construction of self-scalable and self-similar planar arrays. The technique is very general and consequently provides much more flexibility in the design of fractal and related arrays when compared to other approaches previously considered in the literature. This is primarily due to the fact that the generator in this case is based on a concentric circular ring array.
Assessment of a Computational Approach to Predict Drug Resistance Mutations for HIV, HBV and SARS-CoV-2 (2022)

Viral resistance is a worldwide problem mitigating the effectiveness of antiviral drugs. Mutations in the drug-targeting proteins are the primary mechanism for the emergence of drug resistance. It is essential to identify the drug resistance mutations to elucidate the mechanism of resistance and to suggest promising treatment strategies to counter the drug resistance. However, experimental identification of drug resistance mutations is challenging, laborious and time-consuming. Hence, effective and time-saving computational structure-based approaches for predicting drug resistance mutations are essential and are of high interest in drug discovery research. However, these approaches are dependent on accurate estimation of binding free energies which indirectly correlate to the computational cost. Towards this goal, we developed a computational workflow to predict drug resistance mutations for any viral proteins where the structure is known. This approach can qualitatively predict the change in binding free energies due to mutations through residue scanning and Prime MM-GBSA calculations. To test the approach, we predicted resistance mutations in HIV-RT selected by (-)-FTC and demonstrated accurate identification of the clinical mutations. Furthermore, we predicted resistance mutations in HBV core protein for GLP-26 and in SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro for nirmatrelvir. Mutagenesis experiments were performed on two predicted resistance and three predicted sensitivity mutations in HBV core protein for GLP-26, corroborating the accuracy of the predictions.
Metoda wyznaczania charakterystyki prędkościowej momentu obrotowego silnika do samochodu osobowego (2005)

Ze względu na modułową budowę samochodów konieczne jest tworzenie narzędzi dialogowych między konstruktorami poszczególnych elementów takich, jak charakterystyka prędkościowa momentu oborowego silnika. Bardzo korzystna jest możliwość jej wstępnego wyznaczenia przed konstrukcją silnika. Dotychczasowe metody służące do tego celu nie dają wystarczająco dokładnych wyników. Dlatego w pracy zaprezentowano metodę Ortus, która umożliwia oszacowanie przebiegu takiej charakterystyki. Polega ona na doborze przebiegów momentu obrotowego silników podobnych do projektowanego silnika, którego charakterystyka jest tworzona. Następnie poddaje się je takiej modyfikacji, aby zachowane zostały ich charakterystyczne kształty. Umożliwia to otrzymanie charakterystyki o dość niewielkich wartościach błędów i stosunkowo równomiernym ich rozkładzie. Przedstawiona metoda posiada szereg zalet, które umożliwiają jej wykorzystanie w praktyce.
Safety, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of VGX‐1027—A novel oral anti‐inflammatory drug in healthy human subjects (2015)

VGX-1027, a novel oral immune modulator, is under development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single (1-800 mg) and multiple (40-400 mg) oral doses were evaluated in 2 clinical studies. The doses were well tolerated up to 800 mg in a single dose and 200 mg twice daily in multiple doses. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity with no identifiable dose-related pattern. There were no clinically significant physical or laboratory findings. The pharmacokinetic data indicated that increases in Cmax and AUC0-inf were dose-proportional, and AUC0- τ was approximately dose-proportional. For the single-dose study, median Tmax ranged from 0.5 to 2 hours and mean t1/2 ranged from 4.9 to 8.7 hours. For the multiple-dose study, median Tmax ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 hours and mean t1/2 ranged from 7.05 to 10.05 hours. No accumulation of the drug was observed after day 1, indicating that steady-state concentrations were attained with single and multiple dosing for 5 days. Approximately 90% of the administered dose was excreted in urine as unchanged drug.
Vibrational excitations of defect sites in amorphous group-V semiconductors (1980)

A study of the vibrational excitations of structural defects in amorphous pnictide semiconductors is presented. Amorphous As is chosen as a prototype for this study. The local phonon densities of states, infrared absorption, and Raman-scattering spectra of twofold coordinated As atoms, fourfold coordinated As atoms, intimate valence alternation pairs, and vacancy defects are presented. The effects of relaxations, disorders, and distortions upon the vibrational states of the defects are discussed. The results suggest that only the relaxed twofold coordinated As atoms (or vacancylike defects) give rise to localized vibrational modes with optical activities consistent with sharp weak features observed in the experimental infrared and Raman spectra of bulk amorphous As. The implications of our results for amorphous P and Sb, as well as the relationships between spectroscopic measurements and other optical measurements are also discussed.
Uterine leiomyomas: correlation between histologic composition and stiffness via magnetic resonance elastography — a Pilot Study (2020)

The value of stiffness shows a trend of increasing with the percentage of extracellular component of the leiomyoma. Further studies are required to assess the usefulness of MRE in diagnostics of uterine leiomyomas.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legend, Table 1 from CUL4A Induces Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes Cancer Metastasis by Regulating ZEB1 Expression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 306K, Supplemental Table 1. List of genes significantly differentially expressed after CUL4A overexpression.&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis of χ^2 for inhomogeneously broadened intersubband transitions (2001)

We examine the effects of inhomogeneous broadening on second-order nonlinearities in intersubband-based quantum-well systems. In particular, we study the case of difference-frequency generation in a doubly resonant system, providing, to our knowledge, the first analysis of conversion efficiencies. For even modest amounts of inhomogeneous broadening both the peak conversion efficiency and the optimum interaction length may vary by more than a factor of 3 from that predicted by homogeneous theories.
Intraoperative detection and removal of microscopic residual sarcoma using wide‐field imaging (2012)

The authors concluded that their technique has the potential to be used for intraoperative image-guided surgery to identify microscopic residual disease in patients with cancer.
Hair growth stimulatory effect by a combination of 5‐aminolevulinic acid and iron ion (2008)

The results suggest that an admixture of 5-ALA and iron ion stimulates murine hair growth in vivo independent of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, although the precise mechanism is still uncertain. This mixture has the potential to become a beneficial new treatment for alopecia.
Thermodynamics on visible light-emitting diodes (Conference Presentation) (2018)

As the best performing light emitting diodes (LEDs) are approaching the conventional limit of unity efficiency, a unique heat-pump operating mode of the devices has been proposed to address this problem, in which case lattice heat is pumped from the phonon field of the device into the incoherent photon field of emission at the expense of consuming zero-entropy electrical power. To better understand the potential of visible LEDs for further efficiency improvement in this mode, we present a thermodynamic framework that allows us to estimate the Carnot limit for their wall-plug efficiency (WPE) at different operating conditions. We find that the theoretical efficiency limit drops at higher light intensities but can still be well above 100% even at 10 W/cm^2. Ideally, realizing such high efficiency at useful output powers requires the device to possess an external quantum efficiency (EQE) close to unity. Here we are able to introduce dissipation into the thermodynamic model and thus determine a minimum EQE required for an LED to achieve unity WPE. In addition, the thermodynamic study for visible LEDs yields one surprising result. The first observation of above-unity WPE was on a heated mid-infrared (2.2 um) LED, and the subsequent demonstration at room temperature necessarily required a longer-wavelength 3.4 um device in order to realize sufficient carrier injection for measurable optical output. On the contrary, this thermodynamic analysis indicates that at useful optical powers – and hence useful cooling powers – visible LEDs of shorter wavelength are expected to show higher cooling at a lower current density.
PUVA‐induced apoptosis involves mitochondrial dysfunction caused by the opening of the permeability transition pore (2002)

The mechanism of cell death was investigated in Jurkat cells exposed to the combination of psoralen and UVA irradiation (PUVA). Apoptosis was by far prevailing over necrosis and involved mitochondrial dysfunction. The collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, appears to be caused by the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore since its inhibitor, cyclosporin A, prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and largely attenuated apoptosis. Apoptosis also occurred in cells treated with the photoproducts generated by irradiating psoralen in vitro with an oxygen-dependent process. Thus, the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the onset of PUVA-induced apoptosis appears mostly related to psoralen photooxidation.
Sex-Dependent Anti-Stress Effect of an α5 Subunit Containing GABAA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator (2016)

<b>Rationale:</b> Current first-line treatments for stress-related disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) act on monoaminergic systems and take weeks to achieve a therapeutic effect with poor response and low remission rates. Recent research has implicated the GABAergic system in the pathophysiology of depression, including deficits in interneurons targeting the dendritic compartment of cortical pyramidal cells. <b>Objectives:</b> The present study evaluates whether SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 (denoted "α5-PAM"), a positive allosteric modulator selective for α5-subunit containing GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors found predominantly on cortical pyramidal cell dendrites, has anti-stress effects. <b>Methods:</b> Female and male C57BL6/J mice were exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and treated with α5-PAM acutely (30 min prior to assessing behavior) or chronically before being assessed behaviorally. <b>Results:</b> Acute and chronic α5-PAM treatments produce a pattern of decreased stress-induced behaviors (denoted as "behavioral emotionality") across various tests in female, but not in male mice. Behavioral <i>Z</i>-scores calculated across a panel of tests designed to best model the range and heterogeneity of human symptomatology confirmed that acute and chronic α5-PAM treatments consistently produce significant decreases in behavioral emotionality in several independent cohorts of females. The behavioral responses to α5-PAM could not be completely accounted for by differences in drug brain disposition between female and male mice. In mice exposed to UCMS, expression of the <i>Gabra5</i> gene was increased in the frontal cortex after acute treatment and in the hippocampus after chronic treatment with α5-PAM in females only, and these expression changes correlated with behavioral emotionality. <b>Conclusion:</b> We showed that acute and chronic positive modulation of α5 subunit-containing GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors elicit anti-stress effects in a sex-dependent manner, suggesting novel therapeutic modalities.
Causes of non-responding to inhaled nitriC oxide for respiratory distress-syndrome (2014)

Причины отсутствия ответа на ингаляционный оксид
TH‐EF‐BRA‐07: Evaluation of Internal Target Volume Derived From a Prototype 4D‐MRI Sequence with 3D Radial Stack‐Of‐Stars Trajectory and K‐Space Self‐Gating (2016)

Purpose: 4D‐MRI based on resorting of 2D‐cine‐MRI images shows great potential to assess tumor motion more accurately compared to 4D‐CT, however, it suffers from low through‐plane resolution and stitching artifacts. 4D‐MRI based on 3D acquisition results in stitching‐artifact‐free images with high in‐plane and through‐plane resolutions. In this study, we report our early clinical experience of a prototype 4D‐MRI sequence with 3D stack‐of‐stars (SOS) trajectory for internal target volume (ITV) definition. Methods: Ten patients with 13 total lesions (7 pancreatic, 1 lung with 2 lesions, 1 liver with 3 lesions and 1 esophagus) were recruited. 4D‐MRI used in‐plane radial and through‐plane Cartesian sampling. Two imaging orientations, i.e. axial slab (A) and coronal slab (B), were compared. ITVs were derived from 3‐bin (ITV3), 5‐bin (ITV5) and 10‐bin (ITV10) reconstruction protocols. ITV5 was set as standard and minimum expansion of ITV3 needed to encompass ITV5 was derived. Similarity index was calculated from ITV3 and ITV5 (SI3/5), and ITV10 and ITV5 (SI10/5). Imaging noise was calculated for both method A and B. Wilcoxon‐rank‐sum test was performed with a p value &lt;0.05 deemed as significant. Results: No significant difference (p=0.34) was observed from method A and B, indicating a uniform imaging noise distribution from 3D acquisition. Imaging noise and artifacts were visually different from different binning protocols, with more bins resulting in more noise, more artifacts and larger ITV. On average, ITV differs by 7% (1%–19%) comparing ITV3 with ITV5 for the patient cohort. For the pancreas sub‐group, ITV differs by 4% (1%–6%). An average of 2.3mm (2mm‐3mm) expansion was needed for ITV3 to encompass ITV5. SI10/5 was 0.93±0.03 (mean±σ) and SI3/5 was 0.95±0.03. Conclusion: 4D‐MRI with 3D SOS trajectory was evaluated on 10 patients. Significant difference in ITV was observed with different binning protocols. Imaging noise was similar irrespective of the imaging orientations. This work is partially supported by NIH R03CA173273 and CTSI core voucher award.
Antenna array synthesis in presence of mutual coupling effect for low cost implementation (2009)

This paper presents a beam pattern synthesis method for low cost implementation of antenna arrays. Instead of designing array weights, our method synthesizes unequally-spaced array with uniform antenna weights. The effect of mutual coupling is considered when we search a set of optimum antenna positions. The determination of the antenna positions is a nonlinear optimization problem because the positions are arranged as the parameters of an exponential or trigonometric function. This nonlinear optimization problem is solved by using an improved genetic algorithm. Since the process of digitization and complex weighting (amplification and phase-shifting) is not required in the implementation of the designed array, the complexity and cost of antenna array implementation can be significantly reduced. Experiment results also show that designing the positions of antennas in an array is more likely to achieve lower sidelobe level than designing the array weights. These properties support that the proposed method is suitable for practical applications.