gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser ranging interferometer for GRACE follow-on (2017)

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has produced a wealth of data on Earth gravity, hydrology, glaciology and climate research. To continue that data after the imminent end of the GRACE mission, a follow-on mission is planned to be launched in 2017, as a joint USGerman project with a smaller Australian contribution. The satellites will be essentially rebuilt as they were for GRACE using microwave ranging as the primary instrument for measuring changes of the intersatellite distance. In addition and in contrast to the original GRACE mission, a Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI, previously also called ‘Laser Ranging Instrument’) will be included as a technology demonstrator, which will operate together with the microwave ranging and supply a complimentary set of ranging data with lower noise, and new data on the relative alignment between the spacecraft. The LRI aims for a noise level of 80 nm/&radic;Hz over a distance of up to 270km and will be the first intersatellite laser ranging interferometer. It shares many technologies with LISA-like gravitational wave observatories. This paper describes the optical architecture including the mechanisms to handle pointing jitter, the main noise sources and their mitigation, and initial laboratory breadboard experiments at AEI Hannover.
Generalized Precoder Designs Based on Weighted MMSE Criterion for Energy Harvesting Constrained MIMO Channels (2016)

This paper studies precoder designs for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels, where a transmitter sends information to information decoding (ID) users while satisfying the minimum energy requirement of energy harvesting users. In contrast to the previous designs focused only on maximum information rate (MIR), we propose a more general and simpler solution using the weighted minimum mean squared error (WMMSE) criterion. To solve the SWIPT-WMMSE problem which is generally non-convex, we suggest two different design schemes, separate and joint designs. Interestingly, it is shown that the joint design achieves optimal performance with a single initial point and a few iterations, while the separate design needs a large number of iterations and initial points to approach the optimum. Based on the observation, we propose a simple closed-form solution, which is shown to achieve near optimal performance with reduced complexity. The derived solution can be adopted in various pragmatic applications of MIMO communications, such as the MMSE, quality-of-service, equal error designs, as well as the MIR by adjusting the weight matrix. We also confirm that our design strategies are a great use for managing co-channel interference in multiple ID-user scenarios. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed MIMO-SWIPT framework.
Dendritic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles with Photosensitizers for Cell Imaging, siRNA Delivery and Protein Loading (2023)

Dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (DMON) are a new class of biodegradable nanoparticles suitable for biomolecule delivery. We studied the photochemical internalization (PCI) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of DMON to investigate new ways for DMON to escape from the endosomes-lysosomes and deliver biomolecules into the cytoplasm of cells. We added photosensitizers in the framework of DMON and found that DMON were loaded with siRNA or FVIII factor protein. We made four formulations with four different photosensitizers. The photosensitizers allowed us to perform imaging of DMON in cancer cells, but the presence of the tetrasulfide bond in the framework of DMON quenched the formation of singlet oxygen. Fortunately, one formulation allowed us to efficiently deliver proapoptotic siRNA in MCF-7 cancer cells leading to 31% of cancer cell death, without irradiation. As for FVIII protein, it was loaded in two formulations with drug-loading capacities (DLC) up to 25%. In conclusion, DMON are versatile nanoparticles capable of loading siRNA and delivering it into cancer cells, and also loading FVIII protein with good DLC. Due to the presence of tetrasulfide, it was not possible to perform PDT or PCI.
Structural Basis for BABIM Inhibition of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B Protease (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.Structural Basis for BABIM Inhibition of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type B ProteaseMichael A. Hanson, Thorsten K. Oost, Chanokporn Sukonpan, Daniel H. Rich, and Raymond C. StevensView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California 92037 Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 N. Charter Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 45, 11268–11269Publication Date (Web):November 1, 2000Publication History Received17 August 2000Published online1 November 2000Published inissue 1 November 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja005533mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja005533mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Inhibition,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Toxicology,Zinc Get e-Alerts
Demonstration of oxygen-enriched air staging at Owens-Brockway glass containers. Final technical report for the period April 1, 1995--February 28, 1997 (1997)

The overall objective of this program was to demonstrate the use of a previously developed combustion modification technology to reduce NO{sub x} emissions from sideport regenerative container glass melters. Specific objectives were to: acquire baseline operating data on the host sideport furnace, evaluate secondary oxidant injection strategies based on earlier endport furnace results and through modeling of a single port pair, retrofit and test one port pair (the test furnace has six port pairs) with a flexible OEAS system, and select the optimal system configuration, use the results from tests with one port pair to design, retrofit, and test OEAS on the entire furnace (six port pairs), and analyze test results, prepare report, and finalize the business plan to commercialize OEAS for sideport furnaces.
Repeatability of chemical cytometry: 2‐DE analysis of single RAW 264.7 macrophage cells (2007)

This report presents the use of 2-DE with ultrasensitive fluorescence detection as a chemical cytometry tool to characterize the protein and biogenic amine content of single cells from the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Cells were sorted by cell cycle prior to 2-DE analysis. Cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle were aspirated into the first-dimensional capillary and lysed. The cellular contents were fluorescently labeled and first separated by capillary sieving electrophoresis (CSE). Over 380 fractions were transferred from the first-dimensional capillary to the second-dimensional capillary, where components were further separated by MEKC and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. Twenty-five spots common to the four electropherograms were fit with a 2-D Gaussian surface to determine spot position, width, and amplitude. The RSD in CSE mobility was 1.0 +/- 0.6%. The mean uncertainty in spot position was 1.3 times larger than the mean spot width in the CSE dimension. The average SD in MEKC migration time was 0.37 +/- 0.13 s, which is smaller than the average spot size in this dimension. Spot capacity was 200. The RSD in spot amplitude was 50%, reflecting a large cell-to-cell variation in component expression.
Nonlinear Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (1981)

The capabilities of the photoacoustic technique to measure small absorptivities is now well documented. This capability is now being exploited to measure nonlinear absorption in a variety of materials. The potentials of this new non-linear spectroscopic techniques are just beginning to be realized. Preliminary experiments have shown the ability to separate linear and nonlinear absorption in solids, 1 several nonlinear processes in gases have been observed, 2 and Raman and two-photon spectra of liquids have been obtained. 3,4 All indications are that nonlinear photoacoustic spectroscopy, NLPAS, will be as fruitful a field as linear photoacoustic spectroscopy has been in the past.
Subsurface flow mixing in coarse, braided river deposits (2015)

Abstract. Coarse, braided river deposits show a large hydraulic heterogeneity at the metre scale. One of the main depositional elements found in such deposits is a trough structure filled with open-framework–bimodal gravel couplet cross-beds. Several studies investigated the impact of the highly permeable open-framework gravel texture mainly in terms of concentration breakthrough curves. However, although the trough fills are expected to be significant mixing agents for the subsurface flow, their impact on the three-dimensional flow field has not draw much attention. This study aims to evaluate the subsurface flow mixing caused by overlapping trough fills embedded in a poorly-sorted gravel matrix. Below the river bed of the Tagliamento River (northeast Italy), trough fills were identified with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) probing. Based on field observations of coarse, braided river deposits, a simple three-dimensional geometrical model with associated hydraulic properties was fitted to the interpreted GPR reflectors. Then, steady-state subsurface flow and advective transport simulations were performed on the small-scale, high-resolution model (size: 45 m × 50 m × 10.26 m). The impact of trough fills on the flow field is visualised by the injection of a conservative tracer at three different depths.
SMAC/Diablo -dependent apoptosis induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in colon cancer cells (2004)

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) form a paradigm for the chemoprevention of cancer, preventing colonic tumor progression in both experimental animals and humans. However, the mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of NSAIDs are currently unclear. We found that the mitochondrial second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)/direct inhibitor of apoptosis protein-binding protein with low pI (Diablo) protein translocates into the cytosol during NSAID-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. When SMAC/Diablo is disrupted by homologous recombination and RNA interference in these cells, the NSAID-induced apoptosis is abrogated. Biochemical markers of apoptosis, such as caspase activation, cytosolic release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor, and mitochondrial membrane potential change, are accordingly decreased. These results establish that SMAC/Diablo is essential for the apoptosis induced by NSAIDs in colon cancer cells.
Fully Copper‐Exchanged High‐Silica LTA Zeolites as Unrivaled Hydrothermally Stable NH3‐SCR Catalysts (2017)

Diesel engine technology is still the most effective solution to meet tighter CO<sub>2</sub> regulations in the mobility and transport sector. In implementation of fuel-efficient diesel engines, the poor thermal durability of lean nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub> ) aftertreatment systems remains as one major technical hurdle. Divalent copper ions when fully exchanged into high-silica LTA zeolites are demonstrated to exhibit excellent activity maintenance for NO<sub>x</sub> reduction with NH<sub>3</sub> under vehicle simulated conditions even after hydrothermal aging at 900 °C, a critical temperature that the current commercial Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst cannot overcome owing to thermal deactivation. Detailed structural characterizations confirm the presence of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions only at the center of single 6-rings that act not only as a catalytically active center, but also as a dealumination suppressor. The overall results render the copper-exchanged LTA zeolite attractive as a viable substitute for Cu-SSZ-13.
Counterfactual Learning on Graphs: A Survey (2023)

Graph-structured data are pervasive in the real-world such as social networks, molecular graphs and transaction networks. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in representation learning on graphs, facilitating various downstream tasks. However, GNNs have several drawbacks such as lacking interpretability, can easily inherit the bias of data and cannot model casual relations. Recently, counterfactual learning on graphs has shown promising results in alleviating these drawbacks. Various approaches have been proposed for counterfactual fairness, explainability, link prediction and other applications on graphs. To facilitate the development of this promising direction, in this survey, we categorize and comprehensively review papers on graph counterfactual learning. We divide existing methods into four categories based on problems studied. For each category, we provide background and motivating examples, a general framework summarizing existing works and a detailed review of these works. We point out promising future research directions at the intersection of graph-structured data, counterfactual learning, and real-world applications. To offer a comprehensive view of resources for future studies, we compile a collection of open-source implementations, public datasets, and commonly-used evaluation metrics. This survey aims to serve as a ``one-stop-shop'' for building a unified understanding of graph counterfactual learning categories and current resources. We also maintain a repository for papers and resources and will keep updating the repository https://github.com/TimeLovercc/Awesome-Graph-Causal-Learning.
Epidemiology of Objectively Measured Bedtime and Chronotype in the US\n adolescents and adults: NHANES 2003-2006 (2017)

Background: We propose a method for estimating the timing of in-bed intervals\nusing objective data in a large representative U.S. sample, and quantify the\nassociation between these intervals and age, sex, and day of the week. Methods:\nThe study included 11,951 participants six years and older from the National\nHealth and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006, who wore\naccelerometers to measure physical activity for seven consecutive days.\nParticipants were instructed to remove the device just before the nighttime\nsleep period and put it back on immediately after. This nighttime period of\nnon-wear was defined in this paper as the objective bedtime (OBT), an\nobjectively estimated record of the in-bed-interval. For each night of the\nweek, we estimated two measures: the duration of the OBT (OBT-D) and, as a\nmeasure of the chronotype, the midpoint of the OBT (OBT-M). We estimated\nday-of-the-week-specific OBT-D and OBT-M using gender-specific population\npercentile curves. Differences in OBT-M (chronotype) and OBT-D (the amount of\ntime spent in bed) by age and sex were estimated using regression models.\nResults: The estimates of OBT-M and their differences among age groups were\nconsistent with the estimates of chronotype obtained via self-report in\nEuropean populations. The average OBT-M varied significantly by age, while\nOBT-D was less variable with age. The most pronounced differences were observed\nbetween OBT-M of weekday and weekend nights. Conclusions: The proposed\nmeasures, OBT-D and OBT-M, provide useful information of time in bed and\nchronotype in NHANES 2003-2006. They identify within-week patterns of bedtime\nand can be used to study associations between the bedtime and the large number\nof health outcomes collected in NHANES 2003-2006.\n
Molecular Engineering by Cationic Polymerization Techniques (1980)

Abstract Understanding the mechanism of cationic olefin polymerization has led to the synthesis of various new materials of interesting and unusual physical properties. By elucidating details of initiation, various new graft and bigraft copolymers combining glassy/glassy, glassy/rubbery, and rubbery/rubbery sequences have been obtained. Recent research concerning fundamentals of alkylation and termination was exploited for the preparation of new block copolymers and terminally-functional block copolymers. Initiation by difunctional initiators has led to α,ω-difunctional polymers, e. g., !α,ω-diphenylpolyisobutylene. Cyclo-pentadienylation of lightly chlorinated polymers, e. g., chlorobutyl rubber, produced thermally reversible networks.
Direct Display of Integer ACES Content for Post-Production Environments (2012)

The Image Interchange Framework (IIF), created by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences with the goal of providing a unified post-production workflow, has seen increased interest in recent years. Central to the IIF is the red, green, and blue wide-gamut color space defined by the Academy of Color Encoding Specification (ACES). For output device viewing, the ACES data must first be rendered through the reference rendering transform (RRT) and the output device transform (ODT). Recently, a quasi-logarithmic 12-bit integer ACES encoding scheme was proposed, and initial results are presented on the direct display of integer ACES content on a Dolby PRM-4200 monitor. Frames were delivered directly to the monitor across a 12-bit dual-link serial digital interface, and the decoding RRT and device ODT were computed via one- and three-dimensional (3D) lookup tables (LUTs) resident on the monitor. Several LUT designs were considered, and the limitations of each, including failure modes, are discussed.
Management of primary aldosteronism in patients with adrenal hemorrhage following adrenal vein sampling: A brief review with illustrative cases (2017)

The authors describe the clinical investigation of two cases of primary aldosteronism with adrenal hemorrhage (AH) following adrenal vein sampling. A literature review was conducted regarding the medical management of primary aldosteronism in patients with AH following adrenal vein sampling. Guidelines on the management of primary aldosteronism with AH following adrenal vein sampling are lacking. The two patients were followed with serial imaging to document resolution of AH and treated medically with excellent blood pressure response. Resolution of AH was achieved, but a repeat adrenal vein sampling was deferred given the increased morbidity risk associated with a repeat procedure.
Effects of Interferon-α and-γ on B Cell Differentiation in Macroglobulinemia (1996)

We previously showed that clonal blood B cells from patients with macroglobulinemia spontaneously differentiate in vitro to plasma cells via an IL-6 autocrine pathway. Here we investigate whether interferon-α or-γ would interfere with B cell differentiation either in patients with IgM gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM-MGUS) or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). A 65% inhibition of in vitro B cell differentiation was noted in 8 of 10 patients in the presence of either interferon-α or-γ. Cells from 4 patients (3 IgM-MGUS and 1 WM) were susceptible to both types of interferon while B cell differentiation from 4 patients (3 IgM-MGUS and 1 WM) was inhibited only by one type of interferon. During in vitro culture, IL6 synthesis was unaffected by the presence of interferon α or γ in the 8 cases studied. Likewise, no modulation of the constitutive B cell IL6-R expression from 6 patients studied (4 WM and 2 IgM-MGUS) was observed. These data indicate that interferons did not modify the differentiation of B cells in macroglobulinemia via modulation of the IL6-IL6-R pathway. This is in contrast with the mode of action of interferons in other lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia where they directly modulate IL6-production and/or IL6-R expression.
Monomer surface modifications for rapid peptide analysis by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography coupled to electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (2004)

In this study, positively charged alkylaminosilyl monomers were used to modify the inner surface of fused silica capillaries, which subsequently were employed in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The obtained surfaces yield a reversed electroosmotic flow (EOF) and have varying carbon chain lengths, that interact with the analytes and give chromatographic retention. The coating procedure is very simple and fast. The performance of the modified capillaries was evaluated regarding pH influence on EOF and chromatographic interactions. The experiments were conducted with UV and mass spectrometry (MS) and applied to the separation of various neuropeptides. The derivatized surfaces showed a linear (R(2) approximately 0.99) pH dependence with isoelectric points (pI) at 8.6-8.8. Rapid separations of peptide standards and a protein digest with efficiencies as high as 5 x 10(5) plates/m were performed.
Search for new resonances in mass distributions of jet pairs using 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2020)

A bstract A search for new resonances decaying into a pair of jets is reported using the dataset of proton-proton collisions recorded at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 . The distribution of the invariant mass of the two leading jets is examined for local excesses above a data-derived estimate of the Standard Model background. In addition to an inclusive dijet search, events with jets identified as containing b -hadrons are examined specifically. No significant excess of events above the smoothly falling background spectra is observed. The results are used to set cross-section upper limits at 95% confidence level on a range of new physics scenarios. Model-independent limits on Gaussian-shaped signals are also reported. The analysis looking at jets containing b -hadrons benefits from improvements in the jet flavour identification at high transverse momentum, which increases its sensitivity relative to the previous analysis beyond that expected from the higher integrated luminosity.
Capacity Growth Management (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: UMTS/HSPA Carrier Deployment Strategy Data Traffic Profiling and Network Dimensioning Summary References
Extreme Ultraviolet Application of Carbon Nanotube Structures (2020)

Windows for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) sources are challenging because of the lack of transparent materials in these wavelengths. Thus, differential pumping apertures and slits are standard. Our group has developed a carbon nanotube (CNT) window consisting of a dense array of square holes. The open area allows a large range of wavelengths to be transmitted, and the high density of holes restricts gas flow, allowing a large pressure difference with differential pumping. The versatility of CNTs allows us to select the peak transmission and pressure ratio (low/high). We have observed pressure ratios of 0.000924, 0.000667, 0.000494, and 0.00118 for air at 298 K with (width-heigth in microns) 50-301, 50-654, 50-1045, and 200-675, respectively for (high) pressures up to 1 torr.