gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Fronthaul for 5G and Future Radio Access Networks: Challenges and Enabling Technologies (2022)

Wireless networks have been evolving at a frenetic pace to meet the ever increasing demands for higher capacity, lower latency, and massive number of connections. In the fifth generation (5G) radio access networks (RANS), millimeter-wave and higher band radio are instrumental in achieving such stringent requirements. The network deployment must go through significant densification to meet the extremely high demand of data traffic. This imposes a big challenge to the network architecture as well as to the design of fronthaul transport links in the network. Fronthaul is generally referred to as the connection link between baseband units and remote radio units. Fiber-based connections have been conventionally the mainstream technology for fronthaul. However, fiber-based fronthaul may not scale in a cost-effective way to meet dense and flexible deployment requirements. Wireless fronthaul could be a viable solution and an attractive alternative to fiber for such deployments. In this article, we first provide an overview of emerging fronthaul interfaces and requirements. We then highlight the enabling technologies and solutions that can be applied in wireless fronthaul to meet future fronthaul capacity and latency requirements in a robust manner. The discussed technologies include performing fronthaul compression, leveraging new higher band spectrum, optimizing high rank line-of-sight multiple-input multiple-output (LoS-MIMO) and applying forward-looking technologies like reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Wireless fronthaul has the advantages of flexibility, scalability, and low cost compared to fiber-based fronthaul. However, it also raises challenges in reliably delivering the required key performance indicators. Simulation results of wireless fronthaul for a wide range of distances and point-to-multipoint deployment scenarios show that robust and reliable performance can be achieved using high rank LoS-MIMO at high millimeter-wave bands. The analysis of this article indicates that wireless fronthaul can be designed to meet the requirements and be an attractive option for future disaggregated RAN deployments.
Optimization of high-directivity fan-beam antennas (2017)

This work addresses directivity improvement of a fan-beam antenna using local constrained optimization. More specifically, it demonstrates that adjustment of elementary patch sizes of a gridded patch antenna considerably improves antenna directivity without increasing its footprint. This indicates that utilization of all available degrees of freedom, i.e., genetic algorithm (GA) optimization and continuous optimization of elementary patch dimensions and feeding position is critical to achieve the optimum performance.
PMOS device performance improvement by using buried contact implants (2012)

An ultra-low energy high dose B-based implant was processed after source and drain region formed and before metal sillicide contact formed for PMOS devices. B beam-line (BL) implant and plasma doping (PLAD) using either B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> or BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gases were utilized for this process. PMOS device performance showed significant improvements, including ~70 percent lower contact resistances, similar threshold and sub-threshold characteristics, and ~15 percent higher drive currents without degrading off current. PLAD is preferred on this application because of its much higher throughput in this process regime.
Dual Inhibition of Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway by Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound –Rapamycin and Perifosine Induces Antitumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma (2010)

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway mediates multiple myeloma (MM) cell proliferation, survival, and development of drug resistance, underscoring the role of mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, with potential anti-MM activity. However, recent data show a positive feedback loop from mTOR/S6K1 to Akt, whereby Akt activation confers resistance to mTOR inhibitors. We confirmed that suppression of mTOR signaling in MM cells by rapamycin was associated with upregulation of Akt phosphorylation. We hypothesized that inhibiting this positive feedback by a potent Akt inhibitor perifosine would augment rapamycin-induced cytotoxicity in MM cells. Perifosine inhibited rapamycin-induced phosphorylated Akt, resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity in MM.1S cells even in the presence of interleukin-6, insulin-like growth factor-I, or bone marrow stromal cells. Moreover, rapamycin-induced autophagy in MM.1S MM cells, as evidenced by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, was augmented by perifosine. Combination therapy increased apoptosis detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide analysis and caspase/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Importantly, in vivo antitumor activity and prolongation of survival in a MM mouse xenograft model after treatment was enhanced with combination of nanoparticle albumin-bound-rapamycin and perifosine. Utilizing the in silico predictive analysis, we confirmed our experimental findings of this drug combination on PI3K, Akt, mTOR kinases, and the caspases. Our data suggest that mutual suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by rapamycin and perifosine combination induces synergistic MM cell cytotoxicity, providing the rationale for clinical trials in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 963-75. (c)2010 AACR.
A Spectrum-Overlapped Resource Management for Turbo Equalizer in Uplink Future Multiple Access Channels (2012)

This paper proposes a spectrum-overlapped resource management (SORM) technique where each user equipment (UE) can ideally obtain the frequency selection diversity gain under multi-user environments. In the SORM technique for cellular systems, under assumption of adopting a soft canceller with minimum mean square error (SC/MMSE) turbo equalizer, an evolved node B (eNB) accepts overlapped frequency resource allocation. As a result, each UE can use the frequency bins having the highest channel gain. However, the SORM becomes non-orthogonal access when the frequency bins having high channel gain for UEs are partially identical. In this case, the inter-user interference (IUI) caused by overlapping spectra among UEs is eventually canceled out by using the SC/MMSE turbo equalizer. Therefore, SORM can achieve better performance than orthogonal access e.g. FDMA when the IUI is completely canceled. This paper demonstrates that SORM has the potential to improve transmission performance, by extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) analysis. Moreover, this paper evaluates the block error rate (BLER) performance of the SORM and the FDMA. Consequently, this paper shows that the SORM outperforms the FDMA.
A mode interaction with a plate free edge: Theory and experiments at very low frequency by thickness product (2007)

When a plane acoustic wave reaches a medium with an impedance infinite or null, it experiences a phase shift of zero or pi and its amplitude on the edge is maximum or vanishes. The case of a flexion wave (A0 Lamb wave) at a free end is also simple; its amplitude is multiplied by a factor 2 square root 2 and the phase shift is pi/2. The evanescent wave at the origin of these phenomena, perfectly described by the classical flexural plate theory, is identified as the imaginary A1 mode of the exact Rayleigh-Lamb theory. The experiences confirm the theoretical predictions.
Pharmaceutical Nano‐Cocrystals: Sonochemical Synthesis by Solvent Selection and Use of a Surfactant (2010)

Nanopharmazeutika: Sonochemie und die Anwendung eines Tensids (Span-85) wurden eingeführt, um pharmazeutische Cokristalle mit nanoskaligen Abmessungen herzustellen. Auf diese Art lässt sich der Löslichkeitsunterschied zwischen dem pharmazeutischen Wirkstoff (hier: Coffein) und dem Cokristallbildner (2,4-Dihydroxybenzoesäure) beseitigen (siehe Bild). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Demonstration of world's first few-mode GPON (2014)

We demonstrate the first few-mode-fiber based passive optical network, effectively utilizing mode multiplexing to eliminate combining loss for upstream traffic. Error-free performance has been achieved for 20-km 3-mode transmission in a commercial GPON system carrying live Ethernet traffic.
Correlation between particle size/domain structure and magnetic properties of highly crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles (2017)

Highly crystalline single-domain magnetite Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) are important, not only for fundamental understanding of magnetic behaviour, but also for their considerable potential applications in biomedicine and industry. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs with sizes of 10-300 nm were systematically investigated to reveal the fundamental relationship between the crystal domain structure and the magnetic properties. The examined Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were prepared under well-controlled crystal growth conditions using a large-scale liquid precipitation method. The crystallite size of cube-like NPs estimated from X-ray diffraction pattern increased linearly as the particle size (estimated by transmission electron microscopy) increased from 10 to 64.7 nm, which indicates that the NPs have a single-domain structure. This was further confirmed by the uniform lattice fringes. The critical size of approximately 76 nm was obtained by correlating particle size with both crystallite size and magnetic coercivity; this was reported for the first time in this study. The coercivity of cube-like Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs increased to a maximum of 190 Oe at the critical size, which suggests strong exchange interactions during spin alignment. Compared with cube-like NPs, sphere-like NPs have lower magnetic coercivity and remanence values, which is caused by the different orientations of their polycrystalline structure.
Supplementary Table 3 from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Subtyping Using the Biomarkers Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1A and Cytokeratin-81 Correlates with Outcome and Treatment Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Association of clinical patient characteristics with molecular subtypes&lt;/p&gt;
Is the "pool-fraction" paradigm a valid model for assessment of in vivo turnover in non-steady state? (1983)

Quantification of in vivo turnover of endogenous substances in nonsteady state is of fundamental importance for understanding a variety of physiological and clinical metabolic situations. Toward this end, a pool-fraction model has become a paradigm in the glucose and ketone body areas. We discuss the basic assumptions on which the pool-fraction model is based and the criteria on which it has been validated. Specific comments are then made on its current and potential use for quantifying the non-steady-state turnover of glucose, ketone bodies, and insulin. We conclude that the quantitative reliability of predictions provided by the pool-fraction model is quite poor and that new developments are needed for quantifying the non-steady-state situation.
Adipose Tissue, Bile Acids, and Gut Microbiome Species Associated With Gallstones After Bariatric Surgery (2022)

Several risk factors are associated with gallstone disease after bariatric surgery, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of gallstone formation are unclear. We hypothesize that gallstone formation after bariatric surgery is induced by different pathways compared with gallstone formation in the general population, since postoperative formation occurs rapidly in patients who did not develop gallstones in preceding years. To identify both pathophysiological and potentially protective mechanisms against postoperative gallstone formation, we compared the preoperative fasting metabolome, fecal microbiome, and liver and adipose tissue transcriptome obtained before or during bariatric surgery of obese patients with and without postoperative gallstones. In total, 88 patients were selected from the BARIA longitudinal cohort study. Within this group, 32 patients had postoperative gallstones within 2 years. Gut microbiota metagenomic analyses showed group differences in abundance of 41 bacterial species, particularly abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae in patients without gallstones. Subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptomic analyses revealed four genes that were suppressed in gallstone patients compared with patients without gallstones. These baseline gene expression and gut microbiota composition differences might relate to protective mechanisms against gallstone formation after bariatric surgery. Moreover, baseline fasting blood samples of patients with postoperative gallstones showed increased levels of several bile acids. Overall, we revealed different genes and bacteria associated with gallstones than those previously reported in the general population, supporting the hypothesis that gallstone formation after bariatric surgery follows a different trajectory. Further research is necessary to confirm the involvement of the bile acids, adipose tissue activity, and microbial species observed here.
Investigating large 2D arrays for photoacoustic and acoustic imaging using CMUT technology (2008)

In this paper, we investigate using a large aperture (64 times 64 element array) to perform photoacoustic and acoustic imaging by mechanically scanning a smaller array (16 times 16 elements) of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). We show results from the imaging of: 1) A fishing-line phantom. 2) Tubes embedded in chicken breast tissue containing the contrast agent indocyanine green (ICG), pig blood and a mixture of the two. The tubes were embedded at a depth of 0.8 cm inside the tissue and were at an overall distance of 1.9 cm from the CMUT array. Three-dimensional volume rendered images of traditional pulse-echo data as well as photoacoustic data are shown.
An empirical path loss model for Wireless Sensor Network deployment in an artificial turf environment (2014)

This paper presents a model for predicting Radio Frequency (RF) propagation for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) deployment in an artificial turf environment. To create the model, data from a physical deployment are collected and an empirical path loss prediction model is derived from the actual measurements. Furthermore, the presented measurements and empirical path loss model are compared with measurements and models obtained from WSN deployments in other terrains, such as one characterized by long-grass and another by sparse-tree environments. The results from the comparison of these different terrains show significant differences in path loss and empirical models' parameters. In addition, the proposed model is compared with Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) and Two-Ray models to demonstrate the inaccuracy of these theoretical models in predicting path loss between wireless sensor nodes deployed in artificial turf environments.
Strongly‐Coupled Freestanding Hybrid Films of Graphene and Layered Titanate Nanosheets: An Effective Way to Tailor the Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Graphene Film (2013)

An effective way to tailor the physicochemical properties of graphene film is developed by combining colloidal suspensions of reduced graphene oxide (rG‐O) nanosheets and exfoliated layered titanate nanosheets for the fabrication of freestanding hybrid films comprised of stacked and overlapped nanosheets. A flow‐directed filtration of such mixed colloidal suspensions yields freestanding hybrid films comprised of strongly‐coupled rG‐O and titanate nanosheets with tunable chemical composition. This is the first example of highly flexible hybrid films composed of graphene and metal oxide nanosheets. The intimate incorporation of layered titanate nanosheets into the graphene film gives rise not only to an increase of mechanical strength but also to increased surface roughness, chemical stability, and hydrophilicity; thus, the physicochemical properties of the graphene film can be tuned by hybridization with inorganic nanosheets. These freestanding hybrid films of rG‐O‐layered titanate show unprecedentedly high antibacterial property, resulting in the complete sterilization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (≈100%) in the very short time of 15 min. The antibacterial activity of the hybrid film is far superior to that of the pure graphene film, underscoring the beneficial effect of the layered metal oxide nanosheets in improving the functionality of the graphene film.
Image Resolution: Deconstructing Hollywood's Zoom and Enhance (2015)

Many of us have been awed by the amazing technologies portrayed in the Hollywood productions that allow the good guys to catch the bad guys. Although entertaining, it's interesting how many people assume these capabilities are real without any hesitation. This SPIE Spotlight on image resolution examines the results of a typical "zoom and enhance" process to explain the true capabilities of a digital camera and image processing
Early-onset type 2 diabetes and mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders: a genetically informative register-based cohort study (2022)

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To assess the association and familial co-aggregation between early-onset type 2 diabetes (diagnosed before age 45) and mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, and estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to their co-occurrence. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research Design and Methods&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This population-based cohort study included individuals born in Sweden 1968-1998, from whom pairs of full-siblings, half-siblings, and cousins were identified. Diagnoses of early-onset type 2 diabetes and mood (including unipolar depression and bipolar disorder), anxiety, and stress-related disorders were obtained from the National Patient Register. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to assess the phenotypic association and familial co-aggregation between type 2 diabetes and psychiatric disorders. Quantitative genetic modeling was conducted in full- and maternal half-sibling pairs to estimate the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the association. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Among a total of 3,061,192 individuals, 7,896(0.3%) were diagnosed with early-onset type 2 diabetes. These individuals showed higher risks of any diagnosis (Odds Ratio [OR][95%CI]: 3.62[3.44,3.80]) and specific diagnosis of unipolar depression (3.97[3.75,4.22]), bipolar disorder (4.17[3.68,4.73]), anxiety (3.76[3.54,3.99]) and stress-related disorders (3.35[3.11,3.61]). Relatives of individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes also had higher overall risks of the examined psychiatric disorders (ORs:1.03-1.57). These associations are largely explained by genetic factors (51%-78%), with the rest explained by non-shared environmental factors. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Our findings highlight the burden of mood, anxiety, and stress-related disorders in early-onset type 2 diabetes and demonstrate that shared familial liability may contribute to their co-occurrence, suggesting that future research should aim to identify shared risk factors and ultimately refine preventive and intervention strategies. &lt;/p&gt;
Monolithically integrated quad Mach-Zehnder IQ modulator for generation of advanced optical modulation formats (2010)

We propose and fabricate a monolithically integrated quad Mach-Zehnder in-phase quadrature (QMZ-IQ) modulator, where four sub-Mach-Zehnder (sub-MZ) modulators are arranged in an IQ super-structure and integrated in a single LINbO3 substrate. By feeding different electronics and operating at different bias conditions, it has been deployed to synthesize several different advanced optical modulation formats, like 20- and 80-Gb/s minimum phase-shift keying (MSK), 40-Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and 40-Gb/s quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).
Iterative Reconstruction of Transcriptional Regulatory Networks: an Algorithmic Approach (2005)

The number of complete, publicly available genome sequences is now greater than 200, and this number is expected to rapidly grow in the near future as metagenomic and environmental sequencing efforts escalate and the cost of sequencing drops.In order to make use of this data for understanding particular organisms and for discerning general principles about how organisms function, it will be necessary to reconstruct their various biochemical reaction networks.Principal among these will be transcriptional regulatory networks.Given the physical and logical complexity of these networks, the various sources of (often noisy) data that can be utilized for their elucidation, the monetary costs involved, and the huge number of potential experiments (;10 12 ) that can be performed, experiment design algorithms will be necessary for synthesizing the various computational and experimental data to maximize the efficiency of regulatory network reconstruction.This paper presents an algorithm for experimental design to systematically and efficiently reconstruct transcriptional regulatory networks.It is meant to be applied iteratively in conjunction with an experimental laboratory component.The algorithm is presented here in the context of reconstructing transcriptional regulation for metabolism in Escherichia coli, and, through a retrospective analysis with previously performed experiments, we show that the produced experiment designs conform to how a human would design experiments.The algorithm is able to utilize probability estimates based on a wide range of computational and experimental sources to suggest experiments with the highest potential of discovering the greatest amount of new regulatory knowledge.
RESONANT OPTICS OF FRACTALS (1994)

Fractal objects can sustain strongly localized optical modes with high quality-factor. Intense local fields associated with the dipolar eigenmodes in fractals ultimately result in significant enhancement of a number of optical effects. In particular, such basic optical processes as Rayleigh and Raman scattering, degenerate four-wave mixing and harmonic generation, two-photon absorption and non-linear photoemission can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude in small-particle fractal composites and self-affine films.