gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial tests in AT&T Bell Labs’ Varechoic Chamber (1994)

Results are available for the first measurements in the recently completed Varechoic chamber, a digitally controllable variable acoustics facility at AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, NJ. The 118 m3 (6.7×6.1×2.9 m) room has 368 independently actuated surfaces in the walls, ceiling, and floor. The room boundary conditions can be completely changed in a fraction of a second. This chamber is a unique facility for acoustical measurements, testing of electroacoustic and signal processing systems, perception tests, or for recording. The panels from which it is constructed could be applied in multipurpose rooms, recording studios, or performance spaces. Reverberation time in the 750-Hz octave band is variable from 0.1–1.6 s; this talk will present full 1/3-oct decay rates of the room. Some interesting impulse responses, and comparisons with image model calculations, will also be given.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Anti-TNF-α SiRNA Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimer Nanocomplexes Administered Intranasally in a Murine Acute Lung Injury Model (2017)

Inflammation is an essential component of many lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or acute lung injury. Our purpose was to design efficient carriers for lung delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in an acute lung injury model. To achieve this goal, two different types of phosphorus-based dendrimers with either pyrrolidinium or morpholinium as terminal protonated amino groups were selected for their better biocompatibility compared to other dendrimers. Dendriplexes containing pyrrolidinium surface groups demonstrated a stronger siRNA complexation, a higher cellular uptake, and enhanced in vitro silencing efficiency of TNF-α in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, compared to morpholinium-containing dendriplexes. The better performance of the pyrrolidium dendriplexes was attributed to their higher pK<sub>a</sub> value leading to a stronger siRNA complexation and improved protection against enzymatic degradation resulting in a higher cellular uptake. The superior silencing effect of the pyrrolidinium dendriplexes, compared to noncomplexed siRNA, was confirmed in vivo in an LPS-induced murine model of short-term acute lung injury upon lung delivery via nasal administration. These data suggest that phosphorus dendriplexes have a strong potential in lung delivery of siRNA for treating inflammatory lung diseases.
Three-Component Cycloadditions:  The First Transition Metal-Catalyzed [5+2+1] Cycloaddition Reactions (2002)

Prompted by our studies of transition metal-catalyzed [4+4], [4+2], [5+2], and [6+2] cycloadditions and by the view that these two-component reactions could be intercepted by a third component of one or more atoms, a new three-component transition metal-catalyzed cycloaddition is described. This new [5+2+1] cycloaddition proceeds in good to excellent yield and with high or complete regioselectivity with a variety of carbonyl-substituted alkynes to give bicyclo[3.3.0]octenone adducts, resulting from transannular closure of the intermediate eight-membered-ring cycloadduct. Effects of concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst loading on the efficiency of the reaction are discussed. This process provides access to complex building blocks for synthesis based on simple, readily available components.
ChemInform Abstract: The Axially Dissymmetric Pyrrole as a Novel Chiral Building Block: Synthesis, Characterization and Application to the First “ Predetermined” Synthesis of a Chiral Atropisomeric Porphyrin with Molecular Asymmetry. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Segmenting Powered Electrode on Plasma Uniformity in Large-Area Capacitively Coupled Plasma Discharge (2011)

Very high frequency RF sources for PECVD of silicon are attractive due to improved film quality and higher deposition rate. However, economic considerations are driving a rapid increase in substrate size to reduce production costs and increase process throughput. As a consequence, electromagnetic wave effects are becoming the dominant factor in determining processing uniformity in large-area plasma processing. We apply a self-consistent 3-D electromagnetic plasma model to investigate the effect of segmenting the powered electrode in eliminating the electromagnetic wave effects and improving plasma uniformity. Images of electron density and electric field distribution generated by an array of 3 × 3 segmented subelectrodes are presented.
<title>DC modulation noise in thin-film magnetic recording disk media</title> (1990)

DC Modulation noise was studied in thin film magnetic recording disk media as a function of magnetic layer thickness for plated, longitudinal, low-noise, 900 Oe to 1 100 Oe, Co-alloy disk media from a controlled fabrication runs. This noise is generated when a reverse longitudinal DC field is applied to a uniformly magnetized disk. This noise provides information on the uniformity of the disk for high density recording. Noise measurements using electronic detection via a spectrum analyzer provide resolution and sensitivity that is not obtainable from conventional microscopic observation. This noise was deduced to be caused by vanations in coercivity associated with defects in the medium, and not to surface roughness as has been conjectured previously. A new model was developed which allows autocorrelation functions and noise spectra to be calculated. The model agrees with measured spectral noise data with correlations greater than 0.99. The model treats the noise as effective transitions with an average magnetization less than saturation across the track width, an associated variance, and a linear distribution with Weibull process statistics, which generalizes previous work using the Poisson process for AC-erased noise. Data indicate that as the reverse field increases from zero, the distance between effective transitions peaks and then decreases as the field increases further. As the magnetic layer thickness increases from 25 nm to 60 nm, the maximum distance between effective transitions decreases from 2.8 im to 1 jim. The maximum average transition amplitude is bounded by 0.001 of the saturation magnetization and is independent of thickness.
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis of the Wrist in Children (2007)

Wrist osteomyelitis is a severe infection with initial radiographic lytic zone in almost 30% of cases and with growth disturbance in 11% at the last follow-up. If we include the presence of intraosseous or subperiosteal abscess that required surgical debridement, the initial complication rate is 33%, which is superior to the 5% complication rate in the literature about general osteomyelitis. Misdiagnosis at initial clinical examination can explain this condition.
An analysis of the effectiveness of specific guidelines for the management of ipilimumab-mediated diarrhea/colitis: Prevention of gastrointestinal perforation and/or colectomy (2008)

9063 Background: The fully human, anti cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab (ipi) produced durable responses/stable disease in some patients (pts) with advanced melanoma. Ipi is associated with generally mild-moderate immune-related adverse events (irAEs), likely due to ipi’s mechanism of action and subsequent reduction in tolerance to self-antigens. In January 2005, diarrhea treatment guidelines (DTGs) were developed in cooperation with external experts - based on clinical experience - and introduced into all clinical trials with ipi (both ongoing and new). The guidelines called for close monitoring for any emergence/change in symptoms and prompt treatment of moderate-severe irAEs with corticosteroids. An analysis was conducted to determine if DTGs were effective in preventing life- threatening complications of diarrhea/colitis such as gastrointestinal (GI) perforation and/or colectomy. Methods: Historical safety data from early Medarex studies (which was mostly prior to implementation of the DTGs) was compared with that from ongoing BMS studies CA184004, -007,-008, and -022 (these studies had full DTG implementation). The GI perforation/colectomy rates, drug-related diarrhea, and serious GI irAEs were examined.Most pts in the early Medarex studies received 3 mg/kg ipi in various regimens while most ptss enrolled in ongoing BMS studies received 10 mg/kg ipi every 3 weeks (Q3W) X 4. Results: After the full implementation of DTGs, preliminary data show a substantial reduction (up to 50%) in GI perforation/colectomy rate despite an increase in ipi dose/exposure administered. Conclusions: Preliminary analysis suggests that DTGs are effective in reducing occurrence of life-threatening GI complications such as perforation/colectomy. Health-care providers should encourage pts to immediately report symptoms suggestive of colitis, utilize DTGs to reduce occurrence of life-threatening irAE GI complications, and adhere to treatment guidelines - appropriately treating moderate-severe GI- related irAEs with steroids to prevent serious complications. Education regarding irAE treatment may help to improve overall pts clinical outcome. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb, Medarex, Inc. Bristol-Myers Squibb, Medarex, Inc.
Crucial role of copper in detection of metal-coordinating odorants (2012)

Odorant receptors (ORs) in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) mediate detection of volatile odorants. Divalent sulfur compounds, such as thiols and thioethers, are extremely potent odorants. We identify a mouse OR, MOR244-3, robustly responding to (methylthio)methanethiol (MeSCH(2)SH; MTMT) in heterologous cells. Found specifically in male mouse urine, strong-smelling MTMT [human threshold 100 parts per billion (ppb)] is a semiochemical that attracts female mice. Nonadjacent thiol and thioether groups in MTMT suggest involvement of a chelated metal complex in MOR244-3 activation. Metal ion involvement in thiol-OR interactions was previously proposed, but whether these ions change thiol-mediated OR activation remained unknown. We show that copper ion among all metal ions tested is required for robust activation of MOR244-3 toward ppb levels of MTMT, structurally related sulfur compounds, and other metal-coordinating odorants (e.g., strong-smelling trans-cyclooctene) among >125 compounds tested. Copper chelator (tetraethylenepentamine, TEPA) addition abolishes the response of MOR244-3 to MTMT. Histidine 105, located in the third transmembrane domain near the extracellular side, is proposed to serve as a copper-coordinating residue mediating interaction with the MTMT-copper complex. Electrophysiological recordings of the OSNs in the septal organ, abundantly expressing MOR244-3, revealed neurons responding to MTMT. Addition of copper ion and chelator TEPA respectively enhanced and reduced the response of some MTMT-responding neurons, demonstrating the physiological relevance of copper ion in olfaction. In a behavioral context, an olfactory discrimination assay showed that mice injected with TEPA failed to discriminate MTMT. This report establishes the role of metal ions in mammalian odor detection by ORs.
Quantitative in vivo assessment of human mitral valve coaptation area after undersized ring annuloplasty repair for ischemic mitral regurgitation (2022)

Although increasing leaflet coaptation area is an intuitively obvious way to improve long-term repair durability, this study has implied that this may not be a reliable target for mitral valve repair. This study underscores the importance of a rigorous understanding of the consequences of repair techniques on mitral valve behavior, as well as a patient-specific approach to ischemic mitral regurgitation treatment within the context of mitral valve and left ventricle function.
IL-7 Promotes T H 1 Development and Serum IL-7 Predicts Clinical Response to Interferon-β in Multiple Sclerosis (2011)

The interleukin-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) gene was identified as a top non-major histocompatibility complex-linked risk locus for multiple sclerosis (MS). Recently, we showed that a T helper 1 (T(H)1)-driven, but not a T(H)17-driven, form of MS exhibited a good clinical response to interferon-β (IFN-β) therapy. We now demonstrate that high serum levels of IL-7, particularly when paired with low levels of IL-17F, predict responsiveness to IFN-β and hence a T(H)1-driven subtype of MS. We also show that although IL-7 signaling is neither necessary nor sufficient for the induction or expansion of T(H)17 cells, IL-7 can greatly enhance both human and mouse T(H)1 cell differentiation. IL-7 alone is sufficient to induce human T(H)1 differentiation in the absence of IL-12 or other cytokines. Furthermore, targeting IL-7/IL-7Rα is beneficial in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. Mice treated with IL-7Rα-blocking antibodies before or after onset of paralysis exhibited reduced clinical signs of EAE, with reduction in peripheral naïve and activated T cells, whereas central memory T, regulatory T, B, and natural killer cell populations were largely spared. IL-7Rα antibody treatment markedly reduced lymphocyte infiltration into the central nervous system in mice with EAE. Thus, a serum profile of high IL-7 may signify a T(H)1-driven form of MS and may predict outcome in MS patients undergoing IFN-β therapy. Blockade of IL-7 and the IL-7Rα pathway may have therapeutic potential in MS and other autoimmune diseases.
Identification of Nocobactin NA Biosynthetic Gene Clusters inNocardia farcinica (2010)

We identified the biosynthetic gene clusters of the siderophore nocobactin NA. The nbt clusters, which were discovered as genes highly homologous to the mycobactin biosynthesis genes by the genomic sequencing of Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152, consist of 10 genes separately located at two genomic regions. The gene organization of the nbt clusters and the predicted functions of the nbt genes, particularly the cyclization and epimerization domains, were in good agreement with the chemical structure of nocobactin NA. Disruptions of the nbtA and nbtE genes, respectively, reduced and abolished the productivity of nocobactin NA. The heterologous expression of the nbtS gene revealed that this gene encoded a salicylate synthase. These results indicate that the nbt clusters are responsible for the biosynthesis of nocobactin NA. We also found putative IdeR-binding sequences upstream of the nbtA, -G, -H, -S, and -T genes, whose expression was more than 10-fold higher in the low-iron condition than in the high-iron condition. These results suggest that nbt genes are regulated coordinately by IdeR protein in an iron-dependent manner. The ΔnbtE mutant was found to be impaired in cytotoxicity against J774A.1 cells, suggesting that nocobactin NA production is required for virulence of N. farcinica.
Tracking Tetrahymena Pyriformis Cells using Decision Trees (2012)

Matching cells over time has long been the most difficult step in cell tracking. In this paper, we approach this problem by recasting it as a classification problem. We construct a feature set for each cell, and compute a feature difference vector between a cell in the current frame and a cell in a previous frame. Then we determine whether the two cells represent the same cell over time by training decision trees as our binary classifiers. With the output of decision trees, we are able to formulate an assignment problem for our cell association task and solve it using a modified version of the Hungarian algorithm.
Introducing a Concept to Link 3D Paper Structure to 2D Paper Properties (2009)

This paper introduces a concept that spatially links local paper properties from a 3D paper dataset to a 2D paper property map of the same sample. The concept exploits the fact that paper is a planar structure. This permits successive conversion of 3D paper datasets first to a 3D surface (the paper center surface) and further to a plane. The flattened 3D paper data can then be linked to the 2D paper property map. Laser micro holes applied to the paper are employed as marks for alignment of the 2D maps. The key step of the procedure is flattening the paper data from a warped 3D surface to a 2D plane. Some exemplary applications for the introduced method are given. The effect of local coating layer thickness on local brightness and local print density is examined for wood free coated paper. Furthermore, the concept can be applied for quantitative comparison of data from different 3D-imaging techniques. We measured local coating layer thickness on the same paper specimen applying first fan-beam X-ray microtomography and then microtome serial sectioning. The results are compared using point-wise correlation.
Multicolour Self‐Assembled Fluorene Co‐Oligomers: From Molecules to the Solid State via White‐Light‐Emitting Organogels (2009)

Five fluorene-based co-oligomers have been prepared to study their self-assembly in a wide range of concentrations, from dilute solutions to the solid state. Subtle changes to the chemical structures, introduced to tune the emission colours over the entire visible range, induce strong differences in aggregation behaviour. Only two of the fluorescent co-oligomer derivatives self-assemble to form soluble fibrils from which fluorescent organogels emerge at higher concentrations. In contrast, the other compounds form precipitates. Mixed fluorescent co-oligomer systems exhibit partial energy transfer, which allows the creation of white-light-emitting gels. Finally, a mechanism for the hierarchical self-assembly of this class of materials is proposed based on experimental results and molecular modelling calculations.
Polynucleotide modulation of the protease, nucleoside triphosphatase, and helicase activities of a hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A complex isolated from transfected COS cells (1997)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 3 protein (NS3) is a 70-kDa multifunctional enzyme with three known catalytic activities segregated in two somewhat independent domains. The essential machinery of a serine protease is localized in the N-terminal one-third of the protein, and nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) and helicase activities reside in the remaining C-terminal region. NS4A is a 54-residue protein expressed immediately downstream of NS3 in the viral polyprotein, and a central stretch of hydrophobic residues in NS4A form an integral structural component of the NS3 serine protease domain. There is no evidence to suggest that the two domains of NS3 are separated by proteolytic processing in vivo. This may reflect economical packaging of essential viral replicative components, but it could also mean that there is functional interdependence between the two domains. In this study, a full-length NS3-NS4A complex was isolated after expression and autoprocessing in transiently transfected COS cells. The protein was used to examine the effects of polynucleotides on the NTPase, helicase, and protease activities. Unlike the previously reported behavior of a separately expressed NS3 helicase domain, the full NS3-NS4A complex demonstrated optimal NTPase activity between pH 7.5 and 8.5. All three NS3-NS4A activities were modulated by polynucleotides, with poly(U) having the most remarkable effect. These findings suggest that the domains within NS3 may influence the activity of one another and that the interplay of HCV genomic elements may regulate the enzyme activities of this complex HCV replicase component.
Novel IME instructions and their hardware architecture for ME ASIP (2010)

This paper presents an ASIP (Application-specific Instruction Processor) for motion estimation that employs specific IME instructions and its programmable and reconfigurable hardware architecture for various video codecs such as H.264/AVC and MPEG4. With the proposed specific instructions and hardware accelerators, it can handle the processing requirement of High Definition (HD) video. With parallel SAD Processing Elements (PEs) using pattern information, the proposed IME instruction supports not only the full search algorithm but also other fast search algorithms. The gate count is 77K gates for each Processing Element Group (PEG) which has 256 SAD PEs. The proposed ASIP with sixteen PEGs runs at 160MHz and can handle 1080p@30 frame in real-time.
The C–OH/P–H dehydrative cross-coupling for the construction of the P–C bond under metal-free conditions (2017)

Herein, we report an atom-economical and environmentally benign approach for P–C bond construction<italic>via</italic>C–OH/P–H dehydrative cross-coupling reaction.
A Disease-causing Point Mutation in Human Mitochondrial tRNA Met Results in tRNA Misfolding Leading to Defects in Translational Initiation and Elongation (2020)

The mitochondrial tRNA genes are hot spots for mutations that lead to human disease. A single point mutation (T4409C) in the gene for human mitochondrial tRNAMet (hmtRNAMet) has been found to cause mitochondrial myopathy. This mutation results in the replacement of U8 in hmtRNAMet with a C8. The hmtRNAMet serves both in translational initiation and elongation in human mitochondria making this tRNA of particular interest in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Here we show that the single 8U→C mutation leads to a failure of the tRNA to respond conformationally to Mg2+. This mutation results in a drastic disruption of the structure of the hmtRNAMet, which significantly reduces its aminoacylation. The small fraction of hmtRNAMet that can be aminoacylated is not formylated by the mitochondrial Met-tRNA transformylase preventing its function in initiation, and it is unable to form a stable ternary complex with elongation factor EF-Tu preventing any participation in chain elongation. We have used structural probing and molecular reconstitution experiments to examine the structures formed by the normal and mutated tRNAs. In the presence of Mg2+, the normal tRNA displays the structural features expected of a tRNA. However, even in the presence of Mg2+, the mutated tRNA does not form the cloverleaf structure typical of tRNAs. Thus, we believe that this mutation has disrupted a critical Mg2+-binding site on the tRNA required for formation of the biologically active structure. This work establishes a foundation for understanding the physiological consequences of the numerous mitochondrial tRNA mutations that result in disease in humans.
Ferroelectric domain engineering using infrared femtosecond laser and its application to optical frequency conversion (2016)

All-optical ferroelectric domain inversion is realized by using tightly focused infrared femtosecond pulses. Quasi-phase matching structures are fabricated for efficient second harmonic generations in lithium niobate waveguide.
Light‐directed mesoscale phase separation via holographic polymerization (2013)

ABSTRACT Holographic polymerization (HP) is a simple, fast, and attractive technique to fabricate one‐, two‐ and three‐dimensional complex and functional nanostructures. Not only does the coupling of photopolymerization and light‐directed phase separation HP process render rich polymer physics to the latter, it also leads to profound morphology‐sensitive properties of HP structures, ranging from nano‐ to mesoscales. The past two decades witnessed tremendous progress in the field and in this review, we will probe the fundamental characteristics and parameters of HP, exemplify the versatility of this nanofabrication technique by presenting a diverse selection of HP patterned soft materials, and discuss some unique applications of such HP structures. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52 , 232–250