gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tweeting the Drug War: Empowerment, Intimidation, and Regulation in Social Media (2012)

In this paper, we describe how people living in armedconflict environments use social media as a participatory news platform. We investigate this by analyzing the microblogging practices of people living amid the Mexican Drug War. This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the phenomenon by mixing quantitative observations, content analysis, interviews, and case studies. We characterize the volume, temporal attributes, and information sharing methods. We focus on how citizens use social media to alert and disseminate information about acute violent events, and to interact with other people in their localities. We describe how social media might start to function in lieu of damaged state and news media apparatuses, in particular, through the emergence of communities that congregate around hashtags and the citizens that curate them. Finally, we explore the tensions among citizens, media actors, and the government in light of generalized violence and distrust in institutions and citizens. We end by outlining the implications for system design and governmental intervention.
Experimental evidence of super-resolution better thanλ/105 with positive refraction (2014)

Super-resolution (SR) systems surpassing the Abbe diffraction limit have been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated using a number of different approaches and technologies: using materials with a negative refractive index, utilizing optical super-oscillation, using a resonant metalens, etc. However, recently it has been proved theoretically that in the Maxwell fish-eye lens (MFE), a device made of positive refractive index materials, the same phenomenon takes place. Moreover, using a simpler device equivalent to the MFE called the spherical geodesic waveguide (SGW), an SR of up to lambda/3000 was simulated in COMSOL. Until now, only one piece of experimental evidence of SR with positive refraction has been reported (up to lambda/5) for an MFE prototype working at microwave frequencies. Here, experimental results are presented for an SGW prototype showing an SR of up to lambda/105. The SGW prototype consists of two concentric metallic spheres with an air space in between and two coaxial ports acting as an emitter and a receiver. The prototype has been analyzed in the range 1 GHz to 1.3 GHz.
Electron-Spin-Resonance Spectra of Nearest-NeighborCr3+Pairs in the Spinel ZnGa2O4 (1973)

ESR spectra of nearest-neighbor ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ pairs in Zn${\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are studied in detail at two frequency bands: $X$ band (9.9 GHz) and $Q$ band (32.5 GHz). Transitions within each of the spin multiplets $\ensuremath{\Sigma}=1,2, \mathrm{and} 3$ are observed. From the angular dependence of the spectra it is found that local lattice distortions due to Cr\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Ga substitution are negligible. The Cr-Cr coupling is described by the spin Hamiltonian: ${\mathcal{H}}_{\mathrm{ex}}=\ensuremath{-}J{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}+j{({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{2})}^{2}+A[{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}\ensuremath{-}\frac{3({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{1}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{12})({\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{S}}}_{2}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{r}}}_{12})}{{r}_{12}^{2}}]$. The temperature dependence of the ESR intensities is used to determine the coefficients of the bilinear ($J$) and biquadratic ($j$) exchange as, $\frac{J}{k}=\ensuremath{-}(32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K (antiferromagnetic coupling), $\frac{j}{k}=\ensuremath{-}(2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The anisotropic part of the coupling can be fully accounted for by magnetic dipole-dipole interaction: $A={A}_{\mathrm{dip}}=+0.0675\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The value of $j$ can be explained on the basis of an exchange-striction model.
Off-axis aberration estimation in an EUV microscope using natural speckle (2016)

Surface roughness on a flat object causes natural speckle when imaged by an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscope under sufficient coherence. Using a phase-to-intensity transfer function theory, direct estimation of aberrations from the spectrum of the speckle intensity is demonstrated for various illumination angles.
Blood metabolomics analysis identifies abnormalities in the citric acid cycle, urea cycle, and amino acid metabolism in bipolar disorder (2016)

The present findings suggest that abnormalities in the citric acid cycle, urea cycle, and amino acid metabolism play a role in the pathogenesis of BD.
Exceptional oxygen evolution reactivities on CaCoO 3 and SrCoO 3 (2019)

We investigated the roles of covalent bonding, separation of surface oxygen, and electrolyte pH on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on transition metal oxides by comparing catalytic onset potentials and activities of CaCoO<sub>3</sub> and SrCoO<sub>3</sub>. Both cubic, metallic perovskites have similar Co<sup>IV</sup> intermediate spin states and onset potentials, but a substantially smaller lattice parameter and shorter surface oxygen separation make CaCoO<sub>3</sub> a more stable catalyst with increased OER activity. The onset potentials are similar, occurring where H<sup>+</sup> is removed from surface -OH<sup>-</sup>, but two competing surface reactions determine the catalytic activity. In one, the surface -O<sup>-</sup> is attacked by electrolyte OH<sup>-</sup> to form the surface -OOH<sup>-</sup>; in the other, two -O<sup>-</sup> form a surface peroxide ion and an oxygen vacancy with electrolyte OH<sup>-</sup> attacking the oxygen vacancy. The second pathway can be faster if the surface oxygen separation is smaller.
Regio- and stereochemistry of cross coupling of organocopper reagents with allyl ethers: effect of the leaving group (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegio- and stereochemistry of cross coupling of organocopper reagents with allyl ethers: effect of the leaving groupSerafin Valverde, Manuel Bernabe, Silvestre Garcia-Ochoa, and Ana M. GomezCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 8, 2294–2298Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00295a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00295a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generation of Acylnitroso Dienophiles:  A Study of Metal Catalysis (2007)

Four novel metal/amine catalysts efficiently converted Boc-NHOH to its acylnitroso species at 5 mol % catalyst loading. These reactions allowed the preparation of polyfunctional hetero Diels-Alder adducts in high yield and from truly commercially available materials.
Electrochemical conversion and storage systems: general discussion (2014)

Lee Cronin opened the discussion of the paper by Joachim Maier: How could the understanding of point defect chemistry in materials apply to really large molecules, i.e. what would the relevant control parameters be for defined metal oxide ‘molecules' with multiple redox states etc.?
Yeast metallothionein function in metal ion detoxification. (1986)

A genetic approach was taken to test the function of yeast metallothionein in metal ion detoxification. A yeast strain was constructed in which the metallothionein locus was deleted (cup1 delta). The cup1 delta strain was complemented with normal or mutant metallothionein genes under normal or constitutive regulatory control on high copy episomal plasmids. Metal resistance of the cup1 delta strain with and without the metallothionein-expressing vectors was analyzed. The normally regulated metallothionein gene conferred resistance only to copper (1000-fold); constitutively expressed metallothionein conferred resistance to both copper (500-fold) and cadmium (1000-fold), but not to mercury, zinc, silver, cobalt, nickel, gold, platinum, lanthanum, uranium, or tin. Two mutant versions of the metallothionein gene were constructed and tested for their ability to confer metal resistance in the cup1 delta background. The first had a deletion of a highly conserved amino acid sequence (Lys-Lys-Ser-Cys-Cys-Ser). The second was a hybrid gene consisting of the sequences coding for the first 20 amino acids of the yeast protein fused to the monkey metallothionein gene. Expression of these genes under the CUP1 promoter provided significant protection from copper, but none of the other metals tested. These results demonstrate that there is significant flexibility in the structural requirements for metallothionein to function in copper detoxification and that yeast metallothionein is also capable of detoxifying cadmium under conditions of constitutive expression.
Abstract 3903: Role of the miR-301a/Fra-2/GLIPR1 axis in lung cancer cisplatin resistance (2023)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both men and women worldwide. Despite the administration of platinum compounds represents the main treatment, the majority of tumors remains intrinsically resistant. In lung cancer, miR-301a exerts a main role by modulating the activity of transcription factors like NF-kB and Stat3. Here, we dissected the contribution of miR-301a in the regulation of its new identified target Fos-related antigen-2 (Fra-2), a transcription factor that belongs to the Fos/AP-1 family. By microarray analysis, we discovered that Fra-2 overexpression increased glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 (GLIPR1) levels, a mediator of cisplatin resistance in lung cancer. Its mechanism of regulation is still unclear. We demonstrated that GLIPR1 is also a miR-301a target. In vitro, modulation of miR-301a reduced Fra-2 and GLIPR1 levels; conversely, Fra-2 overexpression significantly increased GLIPR1 and miR-301a. Then, by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we confirmed that Fra-2 interacts with the promoter regions of both GLIPR1 and MIR301A genes, supporting that miR-301a/Fra-2/GLIPR1 axis could be autoregulated by feedback loop in which Fra-2 promotes the transcription of MIR301A gene. Investigating the effect of this new axis on the response to cisplatin, we observed that both Fra-2/GLIPR1 overexpression and miR-301a silencing induced cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells. By contrast, silencing of GLIPR1 and combined administration of low doses of Fos/AP-1 inhibitor restored the cisplatin sensitivity in Fra-2 overexpressing cells. In the lung adenocarcinoma samples from the TCGA dataset, miR-301a overexpression inversely correlated with Fra-2 and GLIPR1 expression. Consistently, the overexpression of miR-301a identified a fraction of tumors with low expression of Fra-2 and GLIPR1 in an internal cohort of lung cancer samples. Altogether, our findings identify the miR-301a/Fra-2/GLIPR1 axis that contributes to cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cells and could serve as biomarker to stratify patients who may benefit from cisplatin administration, alone or in combination with Fos/AP-1 inhibitors. Citation Format: Francesca Lovat, Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra, Marina Capece, Rosario Distefano, Giovanni Nigita, Andrea Vecchione, Carlo M. Croce. Role of the miR-301a/Fra-2/GLIPR1 axis in lung cancer cisplatin resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3903.
Postischemic Brain Injury Is Exacerbated in Mice Lacking the Kinin B2 Receptor (2006)

Kallikrein cleaves low molecular weight kininogen to generate vasoactive kinins, which bind to the kinin B2 receptor, triggering a host of biological effects. Kallikrein gene delivery has been shown previously to reduce ischemia/reperfusion-induced cerebral infarction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the kinin B2 receptor plays a protective role in ischemic brain injury using kinin B2 receptor gene knockout (B2R-KO) mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The mortality rate and neurological deficit scores of B2R-KO mice (n=48) after MCAO were significantly increased compared with wild-type (WT) mice (n=40) when examined over a 14-day period. In addition, the infarct volume in B2R-KO mice was significantly larger than in WT mice at days 1 and 3 after MCAO. Similarly, apoptotic cells, detected by TUNEL labeling counterstained with propidium iodide, and caspase-3 activity in the ischemic brain increased significantly in B2R-KO mice at days 1 and 3 after MCAO. Furthermore, the accumulation of neutrophils in the ischemic brain of B2R-KO mice after MCAO increased when compared with WT mice and was associated with elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha expression. These alterations in B2R-KO mice correlated with decreased NO levels, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation and increased nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity. These results indicate that the kinin B2 receptor promotes survival and protects against brain injury by suppression of apoptosis and inflammation induced by ischemic stroke.
Insights into the Surface Chemistry of Tin Oxide Atomic Layer Deposition from Quantum Chemical Calculations (2013)

The surface chemistry and growth characteristics of tin oxide atomic layer deposition (ALD) from tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin (TDMASn) and H2O have been investigated by density functional theory and second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory calculations. The determined reaction pathways provide the basis for a mechanistic understanding of SnOx ALD on OH-terminated silicon and facilitate analysis of previous experimental observations. In particular, the calculations provide insight into the origin of the experimentally observed increase in the growth rate of SnOx at temperatures below 100 °C, for which the role of physisorbed H2O has been suggested, by demonstrating that the energetics for the TDMASn reaction with surface OH groups are similar to that with H2O molecules. Also, the reaction barrier for the water half reaction is shown to depend on the presence of hydroxyl groups adjacent to O2SnN(CH3)2* reaction sites on the growth surface, and this plays a role in the SnOx ALD at low deposition temperatures. The surface chemistry understanding developed here for SnOx is expected to be of relevance for the ALD of other technologically promising materials such as zinc tin oxide.
Random Telegraph Noise modulation by switching bias in Floating Gate memory devices (2007)

Aim of the present work is to investigate the Random telegraph Signal (RTS) in a Floating Gate based memory cell (Flash memory) when the device is rapidly and periodically turned “on” and “off”. In particular, the low‐frequency noise dependence as a function of frequency of the large‐signal excitation has been experimentally explored. The results have been discussed in relation with the average time constants of trap.
A simple, versatile preparation of highly substituted 2,5-dihydro-oxoles (1984)

3,3-dialkyl-1-lithio-1-(phenylthio)allenes (1) add efficiently to ketones only on warming to –20 °C or above; the adducts are readily cyclised by acid, or several other electrophiles, to produce highly substituted 2,5-dihydro-oxoles.
High Cut-off Membranes in Acute Kidney Injury and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (2017)

Innovation in continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) utilized to treat acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis, has brought new machines and techniques. Part of these new advances are due to the availability of innovative biomaterials and the construction of membranes with larger pores and wide distribution of pore sizes. This includes the creation of a new generation of high cut-off membranes whose utilization in clinical practice is promising for the wide spectrum of solutes that are removed during extracorporeal therapies.However, the enlargement of pore diameters brings some loss of albumin during treatment and this effect is still under evaluation, since there is a possibility that this is detrimental for the patient. A thorough review of the available clinical literature is reported in this paper with a reappraisal of the potential application of these new technologies.
Supplementary Table S1 from Breast Cancer Cell–Derived GM-CSF Licenses Regulatory Th2 Induction by Plasmacytoid Predendritic Cells in Aggressive Disease Subtypes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Cytokine production by tumor cell lines derived from different organs.&lt;/p&gt;
Simultaneous Compensation of Polarization Mode Dispersion and Chromatic Dispersion Using Electronic Signal Processing (2007)

In this paper, we study the performance of 10.7-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) on-off keying signals in the joint presence of first-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and chromatic dispersion (CD) based on optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty measurements. Our investigations show that the tolerance of RZ to first-order PMD is severely reduced by the presence of typical values of residual CD. Three different receiver strategies are studied: 1. unequalized threshold detection; 2. combined feed-forward and decision-feedback equalization; and 3. maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE). In all three cases, the presence of CD eliminates the advantage of RZ over NRZ in terms of PMD tolerance. For NRZ, we find that the MLSE improves the tolerance to first-order PMD by 60%-70%, even in the presence of residual CD.
Zertifizierte Datensicherheit für Android-Anwendungen auf Basis statischer Programmanalysen (2014)

Smartphones erfreuen sich einer stetig wachsenden Beliebtheit. Ein Grund hierfür ist die Vielzahl verschiedenster mobiler Anwendungen. Mit den Chancen, die sich hierdurch für den Benutzer, aber auch Organisationen bieten, sind Risiken verbunden, die beispielsweise zu einer Verletzung der Privatsphäre führen können. In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir, wie statische Programmanalyse dabei helfen kann, Android-Anwendungen bzgl. der Sicherheit zu zertifizieren.
Cutaneous heat and light‐induced pain thresholds in post‐traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (2022)

Photophobia is higher and light-induced pain thresholds are lower in participants with PTH. Exposure to a light stressor reduced heat pain thresholds in participants with PTH immediately post bright light stressor, but not in HCs. This study provides evidence for multimodal sensory dysfunction in people with PTH.
The pertussis toxin liberation genes of Bordetella pertussis are transcriptionally linked to the pertussis toxin operon (1996)

The DNA sequence of the pertussis toxin operon (ptx) of Bordetella pertussis predicts that transcription of the operon ends downstream from the ptxS3 gene at a possible stem-loop structure. Secretion of the assembled pertussis toxin into the culture medium required the expression of 8 genes arranged in an operon (ptl) and lying 55 bp downstream from the ptx and ptl operons are cotranscribed and coregulated by the P(TOX) promoter. Deletion of the 55-bp DNA region caused an increase in the amount of the ptl transcripts. It is likely that this DNA region is involved in regulation of the ptx-pti expression.
Erectile Dysfunction: AUA Guideline (2018)

Using the shared decision-making process as a cornerstone for care, all patients should be informed of all treatment modalities that are not contraindicated, regardless of invasiveness or irreversibility, as potential first-line treatments. For each treatment, the clinician should ensure that the man and his partner have a full understanding of the benefits and risk/burdens associated with that choice.
Solid Dispersion of Carbamazepine with Lutrol ® F127 Using Hot Melt Extrusion (2008)

The thermal analysis was conducted on the pure carbamazepine, Lutrol® F 127, physical mixtures, and extrudates by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) utilizing a Perkin-Elmer Diamond DSC instrument (Norwalk, CT). Samples were analyzed at 10°C/min heating rate between 30°C to 220°C. Additionally, physical stability of extrudates was also monitored by DSC. Differential Scanning Calorimetry Hot Melt Extrusion Process
Measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV (2021)

The first measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W+-W+- boson pairs in proton-proton collisions are reported. The measurements are based on a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb-1. Events are selected by requiring exactly two same-sign leptons, electrons or muons, moderate missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and a large dijet mass to enhance the contribution of same-sign W+-W+- scattering events. An observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit of 1.17 (0.88) fbis set on the production cross section for longitudinally polarized same-sign W+-W+- boson pairs. The electroweak production of same-sign W+-W+- boson pairs with at least one of the W bosons longitudinally polarized is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.3 (3.1) standard deviations.
GraphLens: Mining Enterprise Storage Workloads Using Graph Analytics (2014)

Conventional methods used to analyze storage workloads have been centered on relational database technology combined with attributes-based classification algorithms. This paper presents a novel analytic architecture, GraphLens, for mining and analyzing real world storage traces. The design of our GraphLens system embodies three unique features. First, we model storage traces as heterogeneous trace graphs in order to capture diverse spatial correlations and storage access patterns using a unified analytic framework. Second, we employ and develop an innovative graph clustering method to discover interesting spatial access patterns. This enables us to better characterize important hotspots of storage access and understand hotspot movement patterns. Third, we design a unified weighted similarity measure through an iterative learning and dynamic weight refinement algorithm. With an optimal weight assignment scheme, we can efficiently combine the correlation information for each type of storage access patterns, such as random v.s. sequential, read v.s. write, to identify interesting spatial correlations hidden in the traces. Extensive evaluation on real storage traces shows GraphLens can provide scalable and reliable data analytics for better storage strategy planning and efficient data placement guidance.