gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paladium (II) catalysts for the alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide and olefins (1993)

The protonation of L{sub 2}Pd(CH{sub 3}){sub 2} where L{sub 2} = 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2`-bipyridine with H{sup +}(OEt{sub 2}){sub 2} Ar`{sub 4}B{sup {minus}} where Ar`=3,5-(CF{sub 3}){sub 2}-C{sub 6}H{sub 3}- at {minus}78{degrees} forms an intermediate ether adduct L{sub 2}Pd(CH{sub 3})(OEt{sub 2}){sup +} Ar`{sub 4}B{sup {minus}}, which reacts with CO to give L{sub 2}Pd(CH{sub 3})(CO){sup +} Ar`{sub 4}B{sup {minus}} (complex 1). In the absence of CO, olefins undergo rapid insertion reactions with complex 1 to form chelates L{sub 2}Pd(CHRCH{sub 2}C(O)CH{sub 3}){sup +}Ar`{sub 4}B{sup {minus}}. The chelates serve as initiators for the alternating copolymerization of CO and olefins. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the chain process will be reported.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE PYRENE ISOMER AZULENO(2,1,8‐IJA)AZULENE (DICYCLOHEPTA(CD,GH)PENTALENE) (1985)

Abstract Das aus Tetrahydroanthracen zugängliche Dichlor‐ carbenaddukt (1) wird über die Sulfinsäure (IIa) und dassul?nsäurechlorid (IIb) mit Diazomethan in das α‐Chlorsulfoxid (III) übergeführt, aus dem nach Dehydrierung zu (IV) mit Basen das im Titel genannte Azuleno‐azulen (V) erhalten wird.
Macau: a basis for evaluating reputation systems (2013)

Reputation is a crucial concept in dynamic multiagent environments. Despite the large body of work on reputation systems, no metrics exist to directly and quantitatively evaluate and compare them. We present a common conceptual interface for reputation systems and a set of four measurable desiderata that are broadly applicable across multiple domains. These desiderata employ concepts from dynamical systems theory to measure how a reputation system reacts to a strategic agent attempting to maximize its own utility. We study a diverse set of well-known reputation models from the literature in a moral hazard setting and identify a rich variety of characteristics that they support. 1
A biomimetic hydrogel functionalized with adipose ECM components as a microenvironment for the 3D culture of human and murine adipocytes (2017)

The lack of relevant in vitro models for adipose tissue makes necessary the development of a more physiological environment providing spatial and chemical cues for the effective maturation of adipocytes. We developed a biofunctionalized hydrogel with components of adipose extracellular matrix: collagen I, collagen VI, and the cell binding domain of fibronectin and we compared it to usual 2D cultures on plastic plates. This scaffold allowed 3D culture of mature adipocytes from the preadipocytes cell lines 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A, as well as primary Human White Preadipocytes (HWP), acquiring in vivo-like organization, with spheroid shaped adipocytes forming multicellular aggregates. The size of these aggregates increased with time up to 120 μm in diameter after 4 weeks of maturation, with good viability. Significantly higher lipogenic activity (up to 20-fold at day 28 for HWP cultures) and differentiation rates were also observed compared to 2D. Gene expression analyses highlighted earlier differentiation and complete maturation of 3D HWP compared to 2D, reinforced by the expression of Perilipin protein after 21 days of nutrition. This increase in adipocytes phenotypic and genotypic markers made this scaffold-driven culture as a robust adipose 3D model. Retinoic acid inhibition of lipogenesis in HWP or isoprenalin and caffeine induction of lipolysis performed on mouse 3T3-F442A cells, showed higher doses of molecules than typically used in 2D, underlying the physiologic relevance of this 3D culture system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1813-1824. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective C−H Halogenation with a Highly Fluorinated Manganese Porphyrin (2017)

Abstract The selective C−H functionalization of aliphatic molecules remains a challenge in organic synthesis. While radical chain halogenation reactions provide efficient access to many halogenated molecules, the use of typical protocols for the selective halogenation of electron‐deficient and strained aliphatic molecules is rare. Herein, we report selective C−H chlorination and fluorination reactions promoted by an electron‐deficient manganese pentafluorophenyl porphyrin catalyst, Mn(TPFPP)Cl. This catalyst displays superior properties for the aliphatic halogenation of recalcitrant, electron‐deficient, and strained substrates with unique regio‐ and stereoselectivity. UV/Vis analysis during the course of the reaction indicated that an oxo‐Mn V species is responsible for hydrogen‐atom abstraction. The observed stereoselectivity results from steric interactions between the bulky porphyrin ligand and the intermediate substrate radical in the halogen rebound step.
Origin of Enhanced Hole Injection in Inverted Organic Devices with Electron Accepting Interlayer (2012)

Abstract Conventional organic light emitting devices have a bottom buffer interlayer placed underneath the hole transporting layer (HTL) to improve hole injection from the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. In this work, a substantial enhancement in hole injection efficiency is demonstrated when an electron accepting interlayer is evaporated on top of the HTL in an inverted device along with a top hole injection anode compared with the conventional device with a bottom hole injection anode. Current–voltage and space‐charge‐limited dark injection (DI‐SCLC) measurements were used to characterize the conventional and inverted N , N′ ‐diphenyl‐ N , N′ ‐bis(1‐naphthyl)(1,1 ′ biphenyl)‐4,4 ′ diamine (NPB) hole‐only devices with either molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) or 1,4,5,8,9,11‐hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT‐CN) as the interlayer. Both normal and inverted devices with HAT‐CN showed significantly higher injection efficiencies compared to similar devices with MoO 3 , with the inverted device with HAT‐CN as the interlayer showing a hole injection efficiency close to 100% . The results from doping NPB with MoO 3 or HAT‐CN confirmed that the injection efficiency enhancements in the inverted devices were due to the enhanced charge transfer at the electron acceptor/NPB interface.
Monolithic Travelling-Wave Mach-Zehnder Transmitter with High-Swing Stacked CMOS Driver (2014)

We present a 20 Gb/s monolithically integrated transmitter with stacked CMOS driver and periodic-loaded PN-junction Mach-Zehnder modulator fabricated in IBM’s sub-100nm technology node. Transmitter extinction ratios of 10 dB at 20 Gb/s are demonstrated.
Free Spectral Range and Optical Filtering Optimization in NRZ-, RZ- and CSRZ-DPSK demodulation (2007)

We study the combined influence of large free-spectral-range and tight optical filtering in the demodulation of NRZ-, RZ- and CSRZ-DPSK leading to increased chromatic dispersion tolerances.
FOXO1 Transrepresses Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Transactivation, Coordinating an Insulin-induced Feed-forward Response in Adipocytes (2009)

The transcriptional factor FoxO1 plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis. Herein we identify a novel transrepressional function that converts FoxO1 from an activator of transcription to a promoter-specific repressor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) target genes that regulate adipocyte biology. FoxO1 transrepresses PPARgamma via direct protein-protein interactions; it is recruited to PPAR response elements (PPRE) on PPARgamma target genes by PPARgamma bound to PPRE and interferes with promoter DNA occupancy of the receptor. The FoxO1 transrepressional function, which is independent and dissectible from the transactivational effects, does not require a functional FoxO1 DNA binding domain, but dose require an evolutionally conserved 31 amino acids LXXLL-containing domain. Insulin induces FoxO1 phosphorylation and nuclear exportation, which prevents FoxO1-PPARgamma interactions and rescues transrepression. Adipocytes from insulin resistant mice show reduced phosphorylation and increased nuclear accumulation of FoxO1, which is coupled to lowered expression of endogenous PPARgamma target genes. Thus the innate FoxO1 transrepression function enables insulin to augment PPARgamma activity, which in turn leads to insulin sensitization, and this feed-forward cycle represents positive reinforcing connections between insulin and PPARgamma signaling.
Compositions for saccharification of cellulosic material (2023)

The present invention relates to enzyme compositions for high temperature saccharification of cellulosic material and to uses thereof.
Clinical features and management of cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis: analysis of 106 cases from the Japan corneal endotheliitis study (2014)

CMV endotheliitis is most common in middle-aged and elderly men. CMV endotheliitis should be suspected when patients present with corneal endotheliitis involving coin-shaped lesions accompanied by anterior uveitis and ocular hypertension.
Rotatorenmanschetten- und Weichteildefekte (2004)

Die Anerkennung einer Periarthritis humeroscapularis oder, der verbesserten Nomenklatur der DVSE folgend, eines subakromialen Schmerzsyndromes, wird derzeit in Deutschland sehr restriktiv gehandhabt. Dies hat historische Gründe, die einerseits in veralteten Vorstellungen zur Pathogenese wurzeln und andererseits aufgrund der Koinzidenz von Rotatorenmanschetten(=RM)- Defekten mit degenerativen HWS-Veränderungen im Röntgenbild eine neurogene Ursache [Reischauer 1949, Bürkle de la Camp 1964] postulierten. Neuere Untersuchungen, insbesondere aus Skandinavien, England und den USA zur Inzidenz und Prävalenz dieser Symptomenkomplexe haben inzwischen einen Zusammenhang mit bestimmten Tätigkeiten belegt. Die Daten dieser Studien weisen darauf hin, dass die bisher geübte, äußerst restriktive Haltung bei der Anerkennung von chronischen subakromialen Schmerzsyndromen (SAS) nicht mehr gerechtfertigt ist.
Some reactions of 2-azabicycio[2.2.1]hept-5-enes with diphenylketene: preparation of polysubstituted piperidin-2-ones (1990)

The azanorbornenes (1) and (3) reacted with diphenylketene to give the 3-azabicyclo[4.3.0]-nonanones (7) and (5) respectively, while the spiro compound (9) afforded the cyclopentenol derivative (10) on reaction with the same ketene.
Author Correction: Circulating Biomarkers to Identify Responders in Cardiac Cell therapy (2018)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Figure S2 from Site-Specific PEGylation of Anti-Mesothelin Recombinant Immunotoxins Increases Half-life and Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mesothelin binding of PEGylated RITs&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 4498: Biological characterization of NVP-BKM120, a novel inhibitor of phosphoinosotide 3-kinase in Phase I/II clinical trials (2010)

Abstract The PI3K/Akt/mTor signaling pathway plays an important role in controlling cell growth, proliferation and survival. Through various mechanisms, the pathway is frequently dysregulated in human cancers, suggesting the use of PI3K inhibitors as novel targeted anticancer therapeutic agents. To this end, substantial drug discovery efforts have been devoted both in pharmaceutical companies and in academia to identify and develop therapeutic agents able to specifically down regulate PI3K or other components of this pathway in tumors cells. Following the discovery of NVP-BEZ235, our first dual pan-PI3K/mTOR clinical compound, we sought to identify additional PI3K inhibitors from different chemical classes with more stringent selectivity profiles. The key to achieve these objectives was to pursue a structure-based design approach coupled with intensive pharmacological evaluation of selected compounds during the medicinal chemistry optimization process. Here we report on the biological characterization of the pan-PI3K pyrimidine-derived inhibitor NVP-BKM120. This compound inhibits all four Class I PI3K isoforms (IC50 values in the 35 to 248 nM range) with at least 50-fold selectivity (compared to p110α) towards protein kinases. The compound is also active against the most common somatic PI3Kα mutations (H1047R, E542K and E545K). NVP-BKM120 does not significantly inhibit the related Class III (Vps34) and Class IV (mTOR, DNA-PK) PI3K kinases. Consistent with its mechanism of action, NVP-BKM120 decreases the cellular levels of p-Akt in mechanistic and relevant tumor cell lines (e.g., IC50 for S473P-Akt in Rat1-p110α cells of 93 nM). This biological activity correlates with inhibition of various Akt downstream signaling pathway components, and with its anti-proliferative activity. Thus, the compound demonstrates significant, concentration dependent cell growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a variety of tumor cancer cells, particularly for those harboring p110α mutants and/or over-expressing erbB2. In addition, NVP-BKM120 demonstrates significant, dose dependent in vivo pharmacodynamic activity as measured by inhibition of p-Akt in relevant xenograft models. The pharmacological, biological and preclinical safety profile of NVP-BKM120 supports its clinical development and the compound is currently undergoing Phase 1/II clinical trials in cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4498.
An alternative technical marker set for the pelvis is more repeatable than the standard pelvic marker set (2013)

Multiple marker sets and models are currently available for assessing pelvic kinematics in gait. Despite the presence of a variety models, there are still debates on their reliability and consistency, and consequently there is no clearly defined standard. Two marker sets were evaluated in this study: the 'Traditional' where markers are placed at the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines (ASISs, PSISs); and the 'Cluster', where a cluster of three orthogonal markers fixed on a rigid based is attached to the sacrum. The two sets were compared with respect to intra and inter session standard deviations of maximum pelvic tilt, obliquity and rotation angles. The repeatability between and within sessions was measured using coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC). Also the similarity between the two sets was assessed using inter-protocol CMC (ipCMC). Both data sets generated showed high within and between session repeatability in the sagittal plane (CMC>0.80), although the Cluster method showed higher repeatability than that of the Traditional method in non-sagittal plane motion for both within and between sessions. The authors are not aware of other studies reporting the differences in intra and inter session variability and repeatability values for different body mass index categories such as overweight and obese subjects with relatively large sample size. Hence the Cluster method overcomes a number of theoretical and experimental limitations such as minimising the marker occlusion and is a reliable alternative to the Traditional (the standard) marker set.
The product of a fos-related gene, fra-1, binds cooperatively to the AP-1 site with Jun: transcription factor AP-1 is comprised of multiple protein complexes. (1989)

fra-1 encodes a serum-inducible protein (Fra-1) that is antigenically related to Fos. We have characterized Fra-1 expression in serum-stimulated cells using antibodies raised against several regions of this protein. Fra-1, expressed transiently in COS cells or in serum-stimulated rat fibroblasts, undergoes extensive post-translational modification, primarily by phosphorylation of serine residues. It is present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm and participates in a protein complex with Jun. Using proteins synthesized in reticulocyte lysates, we have shown that Fra-1, like Fos, binds to the AP-1 recognition element cooperatively with Jun. A truncated Fra-1 protein that contains the leucine zipper region but not an adjacent basic amino acid domain, complexes with Jun in vitro but fails to bind AP-1 oligonucleotides. These results demonstrate that Fra-1 contributes to the DNA-binding activity ascribed to transcription factor AP-1.
Exploring the effectiveness of pursuing competing technologies in parallel projects during predevelopment (2019)

Prior research has studied the effectiveness of parallel projects in the research and development stages. However, it has ignored predevelopment, which R&D intensive firms generally distinguish as a separate stage lodged between research and development. Predevelopment focuses on activities and decisions to select, from a subset of related technologies, the best option for a product application. Parallel projects are often a means of speeding up this process by actively pursuing learning spillovers. This paper develops assumptions about learning potential and then uses a real option model to test the trade-off between the higher costs and benefits of this parallel project approach. We compare outcomes for predevelopment using the same approach under research and development conditions, respectively. The results reveal that, when moving from research to development, the effectiveness of pursuing competing technologies in parallel projects first increases and then decreases, with a maximum positive result in predevelopment. The results also show that learning spillovers can compensate for the higher investment costs. Data from an empirical case support our findings.
Characteristics of Microstructure in Ultrahigh Carbon Steel Produced during Friction Stir Welding (2008)

Ultrahigh carbon steels containing 1 to 2 wt% C have very poor fusion-weldability, but exhibit high strength-ductility balance, good wear resistance and superplasticity at high temperatures, when a microduplex structure consisting of a fine ferrite grain structure with a uniform distribution of spheroidized cementite is formed. Thus, ultrahigh carbon steels with the microduplex structure show promise for use in construction. In the present study, two kinds of initial microstructure, a fully pearlitic structure and a microduplex structure, were produced in an ultrahigh carbon steel with 1 wt% C by different thermal treatments, this steel then being subjected to friction stir welding (FSW) at different rotational speeds using a polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool. The feasibility of friction stir welding for ultrahigh carbon steel and the effect of welding parameters and initial microstructure on the residual microstructure characteristics of the weld were systematically examined. FSW successfully yielded defect-free welds in the ultrahigh carbon steel at all welding parameters employed. All welds exhibited very high hardness in the weld center due to the martensitic transformation. The difference in characteristics of the martensitic structure among the welds was negligible, but the austenite substructure was affected by the rotational speed. Microstructural development of various regions in the welds was reasonably accounted for by the friction stir welding process, the thermal stability of the initial microstructure and the solid-state transformation during cooling cycle of FSW.
Factors that Affect Network Formation in Carbon Nanotube Composites and their Resultant Electrical Properties (2020)

This review paper explores the formation of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites as a function of material and processing parameters. The effect of different polymer systems, increasing multiwall CNT content, modification of CNTs, processing conditions, and aspect ratio are discussed in detail for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites along with some examples for SWCNT composites. All of these factors influence the microstructure and how the network of CNTs forms within it. Often, researchers choose to modify the CNTs to aid in their distribution; however, this may result in a reduction or increase in conductivity depending on many factors. The electrical properties are directly affected by changes in the CNT network and how the material has been processed. As soon as the network forms, percolation occurs and the conductivity increases. In order to understand how to control the properties of CNT composites, all material characteristics and processing conditions must be taken into account.
Scaling planar silicon devices (2004)

The generation-over-generation scaling of critical CMOS technology parameters is ultimately bound by nonscalable limitations, such as the thermal voltage and the elementary electronic charge. Sustained improvement in performance and density has required the introduction of new device structures and materials. Partially depleted SOI, a most recent MOSFET innovation, has extended VLSI performance while introducing unique idiosyncrasies. Fully depleted SOI is one logical extension of this device design direction. Gate dielectric tunneling, device self-heating, and single-event upsets present developers of these next-generation devices with new challenges. Strained silicon and high-permittivity gate dielectric are examples of new materials that will enable CMOS developers to continue to deliver device performance enhancements in the sub-100 nm regime.
Optimization of cell suspension media for use in a cytometric neuro-catheter (2009)

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs motor and speech skills due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra. It is anticipated that future treatments will involve replacing the degenerated cells with cultivated dopamine-producing multipotent cells. Previous studies involving these treatments encountered complications due to death of the majority of injected cells. It is currently unknown if cell death occurs during delivery or after injection. A neuro-catheter has been designed that is capable of taking fluorescence-based cytometric measurements using fiber optic probes. This device will allow researchers, and eventually clinicians, to quantify the number of viable cells delivered. During delivery, a uniform distribution of cells is essential to ensure the viability of the delivered cells. In order to accomplish this, cell suspension materials are required. In order to investigate the effects of suspension materials on cell delivery, a cuvette experiment was designed and implemented. The goal of this experiment was to determine the extent of cell settling issues for several different suspension materials. The 3RT1 rat gliomal cell line was used as a model for neural cell delivery. The viability of the cells was also examined in each of the given suspension materials over a two hour period. Of the tested materials, 1% methyl cellulose in phosphate buffer saline was determined to be the best material for uniform cell delivery.
Low-frequency radiation characteristics of free-flooded ring transducers with application to a low-frequency directional hydrophone (1974)

Numerically predicted radiation characteristics of uniformly vibrating free-flooded rings are compared with experiment at frequencies above the monopole region but still below any resonances. Low-frequency velocity distributions for piezoceramic rings for several commonly used drive conditions are derived. Analytical formulas for the monopole radiation resistance, farfield pressure, and free-field voltage sensitivity are presented. A technique is developed for measuring the piezoelectric constants of free-flooded ceramic cylinders. It is predicted and experimentally verified that a free-flooded circumferentially polarized ring has maximum sensitivity in the axial direction for a band of very low frequencies. Thus, such a system may have application as a low-frequency directional hydrophone.
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Fortucine and a Revision of the Structure of Kirkine. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.