gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Electromagnetic Radiation on Coexisting Smart Radio Environment (2022)

Efficient spectrum utilization is always the fundamental challenge of mobile communication technology toward 6G. Instead of conventional spectral efficiency in bps/Hz, geographical region shall be brought into consideration in bps/Hz/unit-area, which suggests spatial domain technology as a generalization of conventional MIMO to elevate next generation mobile communication technology. Therefore, this paper introduces the formation of smart radio environment considering efficient utilization of radio spectrum in any given geographical area, which can be also viewed as a generalization of cognitive radio technology. By smart management of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and ambient backscatter communication (ABC) technologies, smart radio environment can be formed in any given area to achieve spectral-spatial efficiency. In this paper, the control of electromagnetic spatial radiation over a region is explored by utilizing repositionable dynamic RIS and harmony of multiple ABC nodes assisted with machine learning (ML) based control mechanism to form spectrum map. Such smart and reconfigurable radio technology demonstrates the superiority of mutual usage of RIS and ABC in terms of shaping the electromagnetic energy in coexisting radio systems. First, the use of multiple RISs is studied to enhance the capacity of secondary use inside the specific area by shaping the electromagnetic energy in the spatial domain. Secondly, a new degree of freedom with repositionable dynamic RIS is introduced. Controlling the time varied shadowing effects by re-positioning the RIS, it is shown that 15% more capacity can be achieved. Finally, the use of multiple coordinated ABCs to protect the region of primary use against the radiation due the secondary uses is investigated. Having coordinated network with repositionable dynamic RIS and multiple ABCs allow us to shape the electromagnetic wave in spatial domain by creating radiation rejection and coverage extension zones. A centralized or distributed mechanism to construct the spectrum map based on ABC sensor is also introduced to instruct existing repositionable dynamic RISs for better coverage. Merging these promising technologies will pave the way for the smart radio environment creating high spectral efficient wireless systems.
A-WiNoC: Adaptive Wireless Network-on-Chip Architecture for Chip Multiprocessors (2014)

With the rise of chip multiprocessors, an energy-efficient communication fabric is required to satisfy the data rate requirements of future multi-core systems. The Network-on-Chip (NoC) paradigm is fast becoming the standard communication infrastructure to provide scalable inter-core communication. However, research has shown that metallic interconnects cause high latency and consume excess energy in NoC architectures. Emerging technologies such as on-chip wireless interconnects can alleviate the power and bandwidth problems of traditional metallic NoCs. In this paper, we propose A-WiNoC, a scalable, adaptable wireless Network-on-Chip architecture that uses energy efficient wireless transceivers and improves network throughput by dynamically re-assigning channels in response to bandwidth demands from different cores. To implement such adaptability in our network at run-time, we propose an adaptable algorithm that works in the background along with a token sharing scheme to fully utilize the wireless bandwidth efficiently. Since no wireless NoC design has been completely realized with current technology, we describe technology trends in designing energy-efficient wireless transceivers with emerging technologies. We compare our proposed A-WiNoC to both wireless and wired topologies at 64 cores, with results showing a 1.4-2.6× speedup on real applications and a 54 percent improvement in throughput for synthetic traffic. Using Synopsys Design Compiler, our results indicate that A-WiNoC saves 25-35 percent energy over other state-of-the-art networks. We show that A-WiNoC can scale to 256 cores with an energy improvement of 21 percent and a saturation throughput increase of approximately 37 percent.
MURINE HOMOLOGS TO HUMAN TUMOR-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS IDENTIFIED IN THE C3H NONIMMUNOGENIC FIBROSARCOMA TUMOR MODEL. (2008)

SEREX was used to identify candidate tumor antigens in the nonimmunogenic fibrosarcoma (NFSA) tumor model. One of the six clones identified was of particular interest. NFSA-5 was identified as the receptor for hylaronan-acid-mediated motility (RHAMM), which is involved in cell growth and metastasis. RHAMM is expressed in a variety of human tumors. RHAMM is differentially expressed, with significant levels not found in normal tissues other than testis, placenta, and thymus. Therefore, RHAMM may be an appealing target for human tumor vaccines. The identification of murine homologs to human tumor antigens may aid in the preclinical development of human tumor vaccines. The goal of our studies was to use serological analysis of antigens by recombinant expression cloning (SEREX) to identify candidate tumor antigens in a nonimmunogenic murine fibrosarcoma model. SEREX provides a rapid means of identifying candidate tumor antigens in murine cancer models. The identification of murine homologs to human tumor antigens may aid in the preclinical development of human tumor vaccines. The SEREX approach included construction of a cDNA expression library from NFSA tumors followed by immunoscreening of the library with sera from C3H mice growing NFSA tumors. The nucleotide sequence of insert cDNA was determined for positive clones. Sequence alignments were performed with BLAST software on GenBank database. Six positive clones were identified. Two clones coded for proteins with known expression in normal tissues. Two clones represented heat-shock proteins, known to be upregulated in human and murine tumors. Two of the clones were of particular interest. Clone NFSA-1 was the homolog to NY-REN-58, an antigen previously identified by SEREX analysis of renal cell carcinoma patients. NFSA-5 was identified as the receptor for the hylaronan-acid-mediated motility (RHAMM), which is involved in cell growth and metastasis. RHAMM was recently identified as a leukemia-associated antigen and is expressed in a variety of human solid tumors including renal cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and ovarian carcinoma. RHAMM is differentially expressed, with significant levels not found in normal tissues other than testis, placenta, and thymus. Therefore, RHAMM may be an appealing target for human tumor vaccines. Funding: This study was supported by a grant received from the William E. McElroy Charitable Foundation.
Synthesis of Some C2‐Symmetric Bidentate Ligands and Their Complexes Derived from Feist's Acid (2012)

Abstract Various new C 2 ‐symmetric bidentate ligands, bearing phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur, were obtained in an efficient manner, starting from (±)‐ trans ‐3‐methylidenecyclopropane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid ( Feist 's acid; (±)‐ trans ‐ 3 ). The structures of the new bidentate ligands, di( tert‐ butyl) (±)‐[( trans ‐3‐methylidenecyclopropane‐1,2‐diyl)dimethanediyl]biscarbamate ((±)‐ 9 ), (±)‐( trans ‐3‐methyldienecyclopropane‐1,2‐diyl)dimethanaminium dichloride ((±)‐ 10 ), (±)‐ S , S′‐ [( trans ‐3‐methylidenecyclopropane‐1,2‐diyl)dimethanediyl] diethanethioate ((±)‐ 11 ), and (±)‐[( trans ‐3‐methylidenecyclopropane‐1,2‐diyl)dimethanediyl]bis(diphenylphosphane) ((±)‐ 12 ), were fully characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques. These new classes of C 2 ‐symmetric bidentate ligands have the potential to be used in asymmetric catalysis.
Size-Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties of Monodisperse Colloidal Magnesium Oxide Nanocrystals (2009)

colloids ? luminescence ? metal oxides ? nanocrystals ? synthesis design
Performance Improvements in Conjugated Polymer (2018)

Data on the stability of conjugated polymer OFETs. The data set contains all the data presented in the paper (Figures 1 through 4) and consists of transistor transfer and output characteristics as well as the extracted field-effect mobility for some devices (For others it can directly be extraxted from the containing raw data) and photothermal absorption spectroscopy (PDS) data.
Conserved expression of transposon-derived non-coding transcripts in primate stem cells (2017)

Together, these results describe TE families and TE-derived lncRNAs whose conserved expression patterns can be used to identify what are likely functional TE-derived non-coding transcripts in primate iPSCs.
Resonance-enhanced waveguide-coupled silicon-germanium detector (2016)

A photodiode with 0.55 ± 0.1 A/W responsivity at a wavelength of 1176.9 nm has been fabricated in a 45 nm microelectronics silicon-on-insulator foundry process. The resonant waveguide photodetector exploits carrier generation in silicon-germanium within a microring which is compatible with high-performance electronics. A 3 dB bandwidth of 5 GHz at −4 V bias is obtained with a dark current of less than 20 pA.
A reconfigurable Plug-and-Play Model Predictive Controller for multi-evaporator vapor compression systems (2016)

This paper presents a reconfigurable Plug-and-Play (PnP) Model Predictive Controller (MPC) for multi-evaporator vapor compression systems (VCS) where individual evaporators are permitted to turn on or off. This alters the number of performance variables, actuators and constraints. The proposed approach features structural online updates of the closed loop system with stability guarantees, and avoids the need to commission and tune separate controllers for when individual subsystems are turned on or off. To compare the performance of the proposed approach, a more conventional switched MPC is also developed in order to provide a benchmark design, wherein separate model representations are developed and controllers with numerous tuning parameters are synthesized and deployed depending on the VCS operation mode. Simulations are provided comparing the performance of the proposed reconfigurable PnP MPC to the traditionally-designed switched MPC. Results confirm that the reconfigurable PnP MPC maintains the same performance as the switched MPC approach in terms of room temperature reference tracking after zones are switched on, enforcement of critical machine constraints, and disturbance rejection. However, reconfigurable PnP MPC requires no extra tuning or controller design effort, and can be automatically synthesized from a single master controller design for any VCS operating mode.
Stabilizing Cu2S for Photovoltaics One Atomic Layer at a Time (2013)

Stabilizing Cu2S in its ideal stoichiometric form, chalcocite, is a long-standing challenge that must be met prior to its practical use in thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices. Significant copper deficiency, which results in degenerate p-type doping, might be avoided by limiting Cu diffusion into a readily formed surface oxide and other adjacent layers. Here, we examine the extent to which PV-relevant metal-oxide over- and underlayers may stabilize Cu2S thin films with desirable semiconducting properties. After only 15 nm of TiO2 coating, Hall measurements and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy reveal a significant suppression of free charge-carrier addition that depends strongly on the choice of deposition chemistry. Remarkably, the insertion of a single atomic layer of Al2O3 between Cu2S and TiO2 further stabilizes the active layer for at least 2 weeks, even under ambient conditions. The mechanism of this remarkable enhancement is explored by in situ microbalance and conductivity measurements. Finally, photoluminescence quenching measurements point to the potential utility of these nanolaminate stacks in solar-energy harvesting applications.
Dynamics of the Hydrocarbon Layer in Liposomes of Lecithin and Sphingomyelin Containing Dicetylphosphate (1974)

Physical properties of the hydrocarbon region in lipid bilayers were studied in a series of liposomes of lecithin and sphingomyelin containing different concentrations of dicetylphosphate. The technique used was described previously and is based on fluorescence polarization analysis of a specific probe embedded in the analyzed region. The two probes employed in this study were perylene and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, which simulate a rotating disc and a rotating rod, respectively. The determined dynamic properties of the hydrocarbon region in the lecithin liposomes differ markedly from those of the sphingomyelin liposomes. The hydrocarbon region of the lecithin liposomes is of an invariant phase between 0° and 60° characterized by a microviscosity at 25°, η (25°), of 0.8 ± 0.1 poise and a fusion activation energy, ΔE, of 8 ± 2 Cal per mole. In contradistinction to lecithin, the hydrocarbon region of the sphingomyelin liposomes displays a distinct phase transition at 32° ± 2°. The phase at temperatures above the transition point, presumably a liquid crystalline phase, is characterized by ΔE = 16 ± 4 Cal per mole, whereas the phase below it, presumably a gel state, possesses a ΔE value lower than 3 Cal per mole. In addition to that, the·hydrocarbon layer in sphingomyelin liposomes is much more viscous than in lecithin liposomes as shown by η (25°) = 6 ± 1 poise. All of the above characteristics are only slightly and irregularly affected by the presence of dicetylphosphate, despite the strong effects it exerts on the surface charge potential of the liposomes. This indicates that the forces which dictate the dynamic properties of the hydrocarbon region in lipid bilayers predominantly originate from hydrophobic interactions.
MACCS (2006)

As wireless communications systems become more ubiquitous, enterprise workers are becoming more and more mobile. Addressing mobility in the enterprise has recently become a pressing concern for many corporations. In particular, there is a growing component of mobile workers whose job tasks require them to be mobile within their local workspace. These workers sometimes do not have a desk or phone and frequently use their hands in performing required tasks; they typically referred to as "corridor cruisers" or "campus roamers". One class of workers that fall under this category is healthcare professionals (e.g. nurses). Communication enabling these workers usually involves an expensive proposition: equipping them with a mobile/wireless phone, PDA or a paging device. Our goal was to see if we could address the communications needs of healthcare workers by using a small, inexpensive, wearable, hands-free audio device (a wireless headset) along with a speech interface to an intelligent agent. In this paper we present the results of an industrial user study in a real world healthcare environment of our Mobile Access to Converged Communications System (MACCS) which empowers mobile workers with a hands-free voice interface to manage their communications. In addition we also discuss the design, implementation and deployment of MACCS.
Withaferin A and Withanolide D Analogues with Dual Heat-Shock-Inducing and Cytotoxic Activities: Semisynthesis and Biological Evaluation (2018)

Withanolides constitute a valuable class of bioactive natural products because some members of the class are known to exhibit cytotoxic activity and also induce a cytoprotective heat-shock response. In order to understand the relationship between their structures and these dual bioactivities of the withanolide scaffold, we obtained 25 analogues of withaferin A (WA) and withanolide D (WD) including 17 new compounds by semisynthesis involving chemical and microbial transformations. Hitherto unknown 16β-hydroxy analogues of WA and WD were prepared by their reaction with triphenylphosphine/iodine, providing unexpected 5β-hydroxy-6α-iodo analogues (iodohydrins) followed by microbial biotransformation with Cunninghamella echinulata and base-catalyzed cyclization of the resulting 16β-hydroxy iodohydrins. Evaluation of these 25 withanolide analogues for their cytotoxicity and heat-shock-inducing activity (HSA) confirmed the known structure-activity relationships for WA-type withanolides and revealed that WD analogues were less active in both assays compared to their corresponding WA analogues. The 5β,6β-epoxide moiety of withanolides contributed to their cytotoxicity but not HSA. Introduction of a 16β-OAc group to 4,27-di- O-acetyl-WA enhanced cytotoxicity and decreased HSA, whereas introduction of the same group to 4- O-acetyl-WD decreased both activities.
Supplementary Methods and Materials from Activator Protein-1 Activity Regulates Epithelial Tumor Cell Identity (2023)

Supplementary Methods and Materials from Activator Protein-1 Activity Regulates Epithelial Tumor Cell Identity
Design and analysis of a monolithic flexure atomic force microscope (2008)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Sex-related Differences in Gene Expression in Salivary Glands of BALB/c Mice (2005)

Sex-related differences exist in the structure and function of the major glands in a variety of species. Moreover, many of these variations appear to be unique to each tissue. We hypothesized that this sexual dimorphism is due, at least in part, to gland-specific differences in gene expression between males and females. Glands were collected from male and female BALB/c mice (n = 5/sex/experiment), and total RNA was isolated. Samples were analyzed for differentially expressed mRNAs with CodeLink microarrays, and data were evaluated by GeneSifter. Our results demonstrate that significant (P < 0.05) sex-related differences exist in the expression of numerous genes in the major salivary glands, and many of these differences were tissue-specific. These findings support our hypothesis that sex-related differences in the salivary glands are due, at least in part, to tissue-specific variations in gene expression.
Phototherapy for Newborn Jaundice (2013)

In this chapter, we will describe the underlying physiological mechanisms that lead to newborn jaundice and its potential neurological sequelae. We will then discuss the original clinical insights that led to using blue light as a therapy for neonatal jaundice, as well as the photochemistry of this therapy that was subsequently elucidated. We will discuss the clinical evidence for using blue-light therapy and finally discuss recent developments in phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.
Reduction Of Proximity Reflective Notching On A Double Metal Vlsi Process By High Temperature Post Exposure Baked (1986)

An alternative to bilevel and trilevel photolithography for 1.5 &mu;m double metal VLSI processes is presented. It is accomplished by a single level resist process that uses AZ4210D dyed resist and high temperature post exposure bake. Scanning electron micrographs show that proximity reflective notching and linewidth variation across topography steps on a double metal production process can be virtually eliminated. We have been able to confirm, via SEM analysis, an enhanced diffusion mechanism of the photosensitizer in the temperature range of 130° to 140°C. Quantitative data comparing relective notching versus linewidth as a function of process parameters is presented. Though not presented, we have shown that the HTPEB single level resist process does not reduce throughput in our fabrication area. It is achievable using either track or batch develop techniques.
Synergies Between Bio‐ and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic methods for the species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates from bovine intramammary infections (2010)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens from cows with intramammary infection (IMI). Although API STAPH ID 20, a commercially available identification system, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the gap gene (gap PCR-RFLP) have been successfully applied for the identification of CNS isolates from human specimens, their accuracy in the identification of veterinary isolates has not been fully established. In this study, we identified 263 CNS isolates from bovine IMI at species level by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as the definitive test. Species identification obtained using partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was compared to results from the API STAPH ID 20 and gap PCR-RFLP analysis. Eleven different CNS species were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Only 76.0% (200/263) of the species identification results obtained by API STAPH ID 20 matched those obtained by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, whereas 97.0% (255/263) of the species identification results obtained by the gap PCR-RFLP analysis matched those obtained by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The gap PCR-RFLP analysis could be a useful and reliable alternative method for the species identification of CNS isolates from bovine IMI and appears to be a more accurate method of species identification than the API STAPH ID 20 system.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotides with 3‘-Terminal 5-(3-Acylamidopropargyl)-3‘-amino-2‘,3‘-dideoxyuridine Residues and Their Reactivity in Single-Nucleotide Steps of Chemical Replication (2006)

Oligonucleotides with a 3'-terminal 5-alkynyl-3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxyuridine residue were prepared, starting from 2'-deoxyuridine. The optimized route employs a 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-trifluoroacetamido-5-iodouridine 5'-phosphoramidite as building block for DNA synthesis and involves on-support Sonogashira coupling with N-tritylpropargylamine to generate oligonucleotides. The amino group of the propargylamine side chain was acylated to accelerate primer extension reactions involving the 3'-amino group. Three acyl groups were identified that decrease the half-life for DNA-templated extension steps with 7-azabenzotriazole esters of 2'-deoxynucleotides. The residue of 4-pyrenylbutyric acid was found to accelerate primer extension reactions and to render them more selective than those of the control primer. With this substituent, primer extension is also faster than previously measured for three-strand systems involving template, aminoprimer, and a downstream-binding helper oligonucleotide. Fast-reacting primers might become useful for genotyping single nucleotides.
Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing for mm-Wave Channels (2013)

Massive MIMO systems are well-suited for mm-Wave communications, as large arrays can be built with reasonable form factors, and the high array gains enable reasonable coverage even for outdoor communications. One of the main obstacles for using such systems in frequency-division duplex mode, namely the high overhead for the feedback of channel state information (CSI) to the transmitter, can be mitigated by the recently proposed JSDM (Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing) algorithm. In this paper we analyze the performance of this algorithm in some realistic propagation channels that take into account the partial overlap of the angular spectra from different users, as well as the sparsity of mm-Wave channels. We formulate the problem of user grouping for two different objectives, namely maximizing spatial multiplexing, and maximizing total received power, in a graph-theoretic framework. As the resulting problems are numerically difficult, we proposed (sub optimum) greedy algorithms as efficient solution methods. Numerical examples show that the different algorithms may be superior in different settings.We furthermore develop a new, "degenerate" version of JSDM that only requires average CSI at the transmitter, and thus greatly reduces the computational burden. Evaluations in propagation channels obtained from ray tracing results, as well as in measured outdoor channels show that this low-complexity version performs surprisingly well in mm-Wave channels.