gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total retinal blood flow measurement with ultrahigh speed swept source/Fourier domain OCT (2011)

Doppler OCT provides depth-resolved information on flow in biological tissues. In this article, we demonstrate ultrahigh speed swept source/Fourier domain OCT for visualization and quantitative assessment of retinal blood flow. Using swept laser technology, the system operated in the 1050-nm wavelength range at a high axial scan rate of 200 kHz. The rapid imaging speed not only enables volumetric imaging with high axial scan densities, but also enables measurement of high flow velocities in the central retinal vessels. Deep penetration in the optic nerve and lamina cribrosa was achieved by imaging at 1-µm wavelengths. By analyzing en-face images extracted from 3D Doppler data sets, absolute flow in single vessels as well as total retinal blood flow was measured using a simple and robust protocol that does not require measurement of Doppler angles. The results from measurements in healthy eyes suggest that ultrahigh speed swept source/Fourier domain OCT could be a promising technique for volumetric imaging of retinal vasculature and quantitation of retinal blood flow in a wide range of retinal diseases.
Reproduction of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) B biotype in maize fields (Zea mays L.) in Brazil (2016)

This is the first report of the B biotype completing its development on maize plants. This surprising anomaly indicates that the B biotype is capable of adapting to monocotyledonous host plants, and importantly, broadens the host range to include at least one species in the Poaceae. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tracheostomy During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Comparison of International Perioperative Care Protocols and Practices in 26 Countries (2020)

Wide variation exists in tracheostomy protocols, reflecting geographical variation, different resource constraints, and limited data to drive evidence-based care standards. Findings presented herein may provide reference points and a framework for evolving care standards.
Google Scanned Objects: A High-Quality Dataset of 3D Scanned Household Items (2022)

Interactive 3D simulations have enabled breakthroughs in robotics and computer vision, but simulating the broad diversity of environments needed for deep learning requires large corpora of photo-realistic 3D object models. To address this need, we present Google Scanned Objects, an open-source collection of over one thousand 3D-scanned household items released under a Creative Commons license; these models are preprocessed for use in Ignition Gazebo and the Bullet simulation platforms, but are easily adaptable to other simulators. We describe our object scanning and curation pipeline, then provide statistics about the contents of the dataset and its usage. We hope that the diversity, quality, and flexibility of Google Scanned Objects will lead to advances in interactive simulation, synthetic perception, and robotic learning.
Volatile Composition of Oyster Leaf (Mertensia maritima (L.) Gray) (2012)

Oyster leaf (Mertensia maritima), also called vegetarian oyster, has a surprising oyster-like aroma. Its volatile composition was investigated here for the first time. In total, 109 compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified by GC-FID. The use of GC-olfactometry on both polar and nonpolar columns allowed the detection of the molecules having an oyster-like, marine odor. Four compounds were identified and confirmed by synthesis: (Z)-3-nonenal, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-ol, (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienal, and (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one. After evaluation of freshly prepared reference samples, these compounds were confirmed to be reminiscent of the oyster-like marine notes perceived in the tasting of cut leaves.
Physiological motion modeling for organ‐mounted robots (2017)

These methods provide a complete framework for accurately modelling the periodic deformation of points anywhere on the surface of the heart in a closed chest.
Inheritance of field‐relevant resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis protein Cry1Ac in Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) collected from India (2015)

This is the first study of the dominance of Cry1Ac field resistance in P. gossypiella. The results provide the basis for refining resistance management strategies for Bt cotton.
Real-Time Search for Real-World Entities: A Survey (2010)

We are observing an increasing trend of connecting embedded sensors and sensor networks to the Internet and publishing their output on the Web. We believe that this development is a precursor of a Web of Things, which gives real-world objects and places a Web presence that not only contains a static description of these entities, but also their real-time state. Just as document searches have become one of the most popular services on the Web, we argue that the search for real-world entities (i.e., people, places, and things) will become equally important. However, in contrast to the mostly static documents on the current Web, the state of real-world entities as captured by sensors is highly dynamic. Thus, searching for real-world entities with a certain state is a challenging problem. In this paper, we define the underlying problem, outline the design space of possible solutions, and survey relevant existing approaches by classifying them according to their design space. We also present a case study of a real-world search engine called Dyser designed by the authors.
X-ray dark-field imaging modeling (2012)

Dark-field images are formed from x-ray small-angle scattering signals. The small-angle scattering signals are particularly sensitive to structural variation and density fluctuation on a length scale of several tens to hundreds of nanometers, offering a unique contrast mechanism to reveal subtle structural features of an object. In this study, based on the principle of energy conservation, we develop a physical model to describe the relationship between x-ray small-angle scattering coefficients of an object and dark-field intensity images. This model can be used to reconstruct volumetric x-ray small-angle scattering images of an object using classical tomographic algorithms. We also establish a relationship between the small-angle scattering intensity and the visibility function measured with x-ray grating imaging. The numerical simulations and phantom experiments have demonstrated the accuracy and practicability of the proposed model.
A 174 W high-efficiency GaN HEMT power amplifier for W-CDMA base station applications (2004)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been developed for current-collapse-free operation at high drain bias voltages. The newly designed single-chip GaN HEMT amplifier for W-CDMA base station applications achieves a record CW output power of 150 W with a high power-added efficiency (PAE) of 54% at 2.1 GHz. The amplifier, combined with a digital pre-distortion (DPD) system, also demonstrates a state of the art efficiency of 40% with an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) of less than -50 dBc for 4-carrier W-CDMA signals and reaches the saturated peak power level of 174 W with a drain supply voltage of 63 V. We prove for the first time that the AlGaN/GaN HEMT amplifier can completely fulfills the W-CDMA system requirement.
Dynamic Regulation of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule–mediated Homotypic Cell Adhesion through the Actin Cytoskeleton (2000)

Restricted expression of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) by hematopoietic cells suggests an important role in the immune system and hematopoiesis. To get insight into the mechanisms that control ALCAM-mediated adhesion we have investigated homotypic ALCAM-ALCAM interactions. Here, we demonstrate that the cytoskeleton regulates ALCAM-mediated cell adhesion because inhibition of actin polymerization by cytochalasin D (CytD) strongly induces homotypic ALCAM-ALCAM interactions. This induction of cell adhesion is likely due to clustering of ALCAM at the cell surface, which is observed after CytD treatment. Single-particle tracking demonstrated that the lateral mobility of ALCAM in the cell membrane is increased 30-fold after CytD treatment. In contrast, both surface distribution and adhesion of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ALCAM mutant are insensitive to CytD, despite the increase in lateral mobility of GPI-ALCAM upon CytD treatment. This demonstrates that clustering of ALCAM is essential for cell adhesion, whereas enhanced diffusion of ALCAM alone is not sufficient for cluster formation. In addition, upon ligand binding, both free diffusion and the freely dragged distance of wild-type ALCAM, but not of GPI-ALCAM, are reduced over time, suggesting strengthening of the cytoskeleton linkage. From these findings we conclude that activation of ALCAM-mediated adhesion is dynamically regulated through actin cytoskeleton-dependent clustering.
Quantification of the HAADF contrast from the nanometer scale down to the single atomic column: application to quantum cascade lasers (2016)

The emission wavelength of quantum cascade lasers can potentially be continuously tuned from the short (2µm) to the long (15µm) infrared, making them an ideal candidate for infrared emitters in a region where materials with the appropriate gap are scarce. The challenge with QCLs lies in the complexity of the epitaxial structure. Indeed, in a typical InGaAs/InAlAs/InP structure the active region is often comprised of thirty stages, each stage containing an alternation of twenty or more InGaAs wells and InAlAs barriers, the thicknesses of which range between 7 and 40 Angstrom. Properly optimizing the epitaxial process therefore requires feedback on the thickness and, most importantly, the composition of each individual well and barrier in the layer, as even small deviations can make or break the end device. Currently, even in the most advanced transmission electron microscopes, equipped with state of the art EDX systems it is not possible to obtain quantitative information on the composition of layers that are thinner than 15 Angstrom. Quantifying the chemical information in the Z‐Contrast of HAADF images [1] therefore provides the only solution to obtain the kind of quantitative feedback required for QCLs. The present paper discusses how to obtain such chemical mappings in InGaAs/InAlAs QCLs by combining HAADF‐STEM, EDX and also X‐ray Diffraction and how the information collected from these mappings is used to optimize the QCL structure [2]. The paper also discusses how this information is fed to numerical models to model the performance of the end device and optimize the QCL design. Finally, the paper forays into the quantification of the contrast of single atomic columns, ultimate step in the analysis.
Osteoporosis is less frequent in endometrial cancer survivors with hypertriglyceridemia (2014)

We previously reported an association between dyslipidemia and endometrial cancers. Osteoporosis is also reported to relate with some cancers. A common etiologic event has been proposed between dyslipidemia and osteoporosis. However, the pattern of interrelationships among dyslipidemia, osteoporosis and endometrial cancer is not well understood. To improve the quality of life of endometrial cancer survivors, these relationships should be determined. This study included 179 Japanese menopausal women who underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, including 114 women with incident endometrial cancer and 65 without endometrial cancer. The women were categorized according to dyslipidemia status. Bone mineral density was measured and compared between groups. Osteoporosis was statistically more frequent in women with hypertriglyceridemia who did not have endometrial cancer. In contrast, osteoporosis was statistically less frequent in women with hypertriglyceridemia who had endometrial cancer. In this cross-sectional study in a Japanese population, osteoporosis was associated with hypertriglyceridemia in post-menopausal women without endometrial cancer, but was less frequent in endometrial cancer survivors with hypertriglyceridemia.
Hydrogels with well-defined peptide-hydrogel spacing and concentration: impact on epithelial cell behavior (2011)

The spacing of peptides away from a hydrogel matrix dramatically impacts their availability and subsequent interactions with cells. Peptides were synthesized with monodisperse poly(ethylene glycol) spacers of different lengths that separate the peptide from the monomeric functionality which reacts during hydrogel polymerization. Specifically, bioactive RGD ligands were conjugated to PEG(5), PEG(11) or PEG(27) spacers via solid phase techniques and then functionalized with an acryloyl end group. These acryloyl-PEGx-RGD conjugates were then copolymerized with PEGDA to form an inert hydrogel network decorated with RGD ligands for cell interactions. As the PEG spacer length increases, the RGD concentration required to support cell attachment and spreading decreases. The competitive detachment of hTCEpi cells in the presence of soluble linear RGD also shows non-linear dependence on the PEG spacer length, as more cells remained attached and spread on gels functionalized with longer PEG-RGD conjugates in comparison to the shorter PEG-RGD conjugates. The strategy and synthetic techniques developed here allow for reproducible control over peptide-hydrogel spacing and peptide concentration, and may be extended for incorporation of multiple peptides and to other hydrogel platforms.
Texture classification based on comparison of second-order statistics I Two-point probability density function estimation and distance measure (1999)

The two-point probability density function (2P-PDF) gives a full description of the first- and second-order statistics of a random process. We propose a framework for texture classification based on a distance measure between 2P-PDF’s after equalization of first-order statistics. This framework allows extraction of the structural information of the process independently of the dynamic range of the image. We present two methods for estimating the 2P-PDF of texture images, and we establish some criteria for efficient computation. The theoretical framework for noise-free texture images is validated with four texture ensembles.
Bleomycin Induces Drug Efflux in Lungs. A Pitfall for Pharmacological Studies of Pulmonary Fibrosis (2019)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are evolutionarily conserved membrane proteins that pump a variety of endogenous substrates across cell membranes. Certain subfamilies are known to interact with pharmaceutical compounds, potentially influencing drug delivery and treatment efficacy. However, the role of drug resistance-associated ABC transporters has not been examined in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or its animal model: the bleomycin (BLM)-induced murine model. Here, we investigate the expression of two ABC transporters, P-gp (permeability glycoprotein) and BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein), in human IPF lung tissue and two different BLM-induced mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis. We obtained human IPF specimens from patients during lung transplantation and administered BLM to male C57BL/6J mice either by oropharyngeal aspiration (1 U/kg) or subcutaneous osmotic infusion (100 U/kg over 7 d). We report that P-gp and BCRP expression in lungs of patients with IPF was comparable to controls. However, murine lungs expressed increased levels of P-gp and BCRP after oropharyngeal and subcutaneous BLM administration. We localized this upregulation to multiple pulmonary cell types, including alveolar fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and type 2 epithelial cells. Functionally, this effect reduced murine lung exposure to nintedanib, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved IPF therapy known to be a P-gp substrate. The study reveals a discrepancy between IPF pathophysiology and the common animal model of lung fibrosis. BLM-induced drug efflux in the murine lungs may present an uncontrolled confounding variable in the preclinical study of IPF drug candidates, and these findings will facilitate disease model validation and enhance new drug discoveries that will ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Updated Molecular Knowledge about Histamine Biosynthesis by Bacteria (2008)

Histamine poisoning is caused by the ingestion of food containing high levels of histamine, a biogenic amine. Histamine could be expected in virtually all foods that contain proteins or free histidine and that are subject to conditions enabling microbial activity. In most histamine-containing foods the majority of the histamine is generated by decarboxylation of the histidine through histidine decarboxylase enzymes derived from the bacteria present in food. Bacterial histidine decarboxylases have been extensively studied and characterized in different organisms and two different enzymes groups have been distinguished, pyridoxal phosphate- and the pyruvoyl-dependent. Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent histidine decarboxylases are encountered in gram-negative bacteria belonging to various species. Pyruvoyl-dependent histidine decarboxylases are found in gram-positive bacteria and specially in lactic acid bacteria implicated in food fermentation or spoilage. The molecular organization of the genes involved in histamine production have been elucidated in several histamine-producer bacteria. This molecular knowledge has led to the development of molecular methods for the rapid detection of bacteria possessing the ability to produce histamine. The detection of histamine-producer bacteria is of great importance for its potential health hazard as well as from an economic point of view since products exceeding recommended limits can be refused in commercial transactions.
Tagging of Quarks to Particle Shower Imagery vis-à-vis Intelligent Learning (2023)

The recent technological explosion has greatly aided humanity. We humans have been adopting newer technologies virtually every day, whether it is Artificial Intelligence or the Internet of Things. Among these, Artificial Intelligence is a technology stack or a concept that has attained remarkable heights. From IBM's Deep Blue breakthrough to Google's creation of self-driving cars, AI has become a blanket draped on humans today. In this work, we would make use of Artificial Intelligence, to be specific, Neural Network, to label a Particle Shower Imagery as Quarks' or otherwise. For, the work, we are employing a 4 Layer Convolutional Neural Network, with Adaptive Gradient Optimizer, and a total of 5 epochs only. This research would help in segregation of a Particle Shower Image as being developed of Quark or some other particle. For training the model, we made use of a Particle Imagery Dataset collected using Monte Carlo Simulation.
Clinical and Biochemical Outcomes of High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients treated with Third Generation Prostate Cryosurgery (2013)

Objectives:To report on outcomes after modern-day primary prostate cryosurgery (CS) in D Amico high-risk (PSA &gt;20 ng/ml, Gleason score ¢€°¥8, or tumor stage T2c or T3) localised prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated at a large academic center. Materials and Methods:730 consecutive cases of total gland prostate CS were reviewed, and 80 men with high-risk disease identified. Clinical data was analyzed, with primary and secondary endpoints being overall survival, cancer-specific survival, biochemical recurrence (BCR), and clinical progression. Results:Median age was 75.8 (55.4-88.1) years, median presenting PSA 20.0 (2.6-236.5) ng/ml, and median Gleason score 8 (6-10). Median follow-up was 49.6 (8.9-159.3) months. There were three PCa related deaths (4%); 34 (43%) and 39 (49%) men had BCR as defined by the Phoenix- and Stuttgart-criteria, respectively; 24 of the 39 (64%) men were re-biopsied. 13 of 80 (16%) had biopsy proven recurrent PCa. Nine (11%) subsequently underwent salvage CS. Six of the 39 (15%) men with BCR had metastatic disease on bone scan; 19 of 34 (49%) men with BCR received anti-androgen therapy, 18 (95%) of whom had also received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Conclusions:Prostate CS is a controversial treatment for high-risk patients, and our early experience revealed low cancer-specific mortality and morbidity, with encouraging biochemical and local control rates for these high-risk patients. In our series the incidence of metastases was less than that reported by Bolla et al. post-EBRT and hormones, and we therefore believe that prostate CS be strongly considered for these high-risk patients, and mandate that further study of CS for high-risk disease is warranted.
User adaptation of convolutional neural network for human activity recognition (2017)

Recently, monitoring human activities using smart-phone sensors, such as accelerometers, magnetometers, and gyro-scopes, has been proved effective to improve productivity in daily work. Since human activities differ largely among individuals, it is important to adapt their model to each individual with a small amount of his/her data. In this paper, we propose a user adaptation method using Learning Hidden Unit Contributions (LHUC) for Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). It inserts a special layer with a small number of free parameters between each of two CNN layers and estimates the free parameters using a small amount of data. We collected smartphone data of 43 hours from 9 users and utilized them to evaluate our method. It improved the recognition performance by 3.0% from a user-independent model on average. The largest improvement among users was 13.6%.
Italian COnsensus in Neuroradiological Anesthesia (ICONA) (2017)

Anesthetic management of patients undergoing endovascular procedures for treating intracranial aneurysms or cerebrovascular malformations must consider a number of specific challenges, in addition to those associated with anesthesia for other specialties. In addition to maintenance of physiological stability, manipulation of systemic and cerebral hemodynamic parameters may be required to treat any sudden unexpected catastrophic neurological events. A multidisciplinary group including neuro- and pediatric anesthesiologists, interventional neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and a clinical methodologist contributed to this document. This consensus working group from 21 Italian institutions identified open questions regarding the best practices for management of anesthesia during endovascular neuroradiological procedures for intracranial aneurysms and cerebrovascular malformations, and addressed these by formulating practical consensus statements. At the first meeting in November 2015, nine key areas were identified regarding choice of anesthetic, patient monitoring, hemodynamic targets, postoperative care, and the management of neuromuscular blockade, anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy, and special considerations for pediatric patients. Nine subgroups were established and a medical librarian performed literature searches in the Cochrane and MEDLINE/PubMed databases for each group. Groups drafted literature summaries and provisional responses in the form of candidate consensus statements based on evidence, when possible, and clinical experience, when this was lacking. Final wording was agreed at a meeting in April 2016 and where possible evidence was graded using United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria. Consensus (defined as >90% agreement) was based on evidence, clinical experience, clinician preference, feasibility in the Italian healthcare system, and cost/benefit considerations.