gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft-Tissue Fungal Infections: Surgical Management of 12 Immunocompromised Patients (1996)

Isolated fungal soft-tissue infections are uncommon but may cause severe morbidity or mortality among transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed patients. Twelve immunocompromised patients illustrating three patterns of infection were treated recently at the Duke University Medical Center. These groups comprised (I) locally aggressive infections, (II) indolent infections, and (III) cutaneous manifestations of systemic infection. Patient diagnoses included organ transplant, leukemia, prematurity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Time from immunosuppression to biopsy ranged from 5.5 to 31 weeks. Organisms included Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Exophiala, and Curvularia. Patients presented with necrotic ulcerations or nodules. Surgical treatment ranged from radical debridement to excisional biopsy to none. Antifungal chemotherapy also was employed in some cases. The mortality rate was 33 percent, two patients dying without evidence of fungal infection. Six of the eight survivors cleared their infections. Necrotic skin lesions with surrounding erythema in this population call for prompt examination, biopsy, and culture. Group I lesions mandate radical excision with rapid intraoperative microscopic control and systemic antifungal medication. Group II requires surgical control with or without antifungal therapy. Group III requires systemic antifungal therapy for metastatic infection. In our opinion, treatment of fungal soft-tissue infection should be tailored to infection type and requires a team approach of surgeon and expert infectious disease consultation.
New synthesis of Fischer-type hydrazino(alkyl) complexes. First X-ray characterisation of a chelate hydrazino derivative (1998)

The first Fischer-type hydrazino(methyl)carbene complex has been synthesized from the appropriate acetylhydrazine and Na2Cr(CO)5; the new complex has some peculiar features in comparison with aminocarbene complexes: (i) the E rotamer can be completely transformed into the Z rotamer through the formation of its anion, and (ii) as a result of a thermal reaction, the Z isomer affords a new unusual chelate hydrazino(methyl)carbene complex that can be mono- or di-alkylated.
Optomechanical sensor at cryogenic temperatures (2002)

Summary form only given.We present an optomechanical system consisting of a Fabry-Perot cavity with a movable mirror, which has the essential features to allow the observation of quantum backaction in the measurement of a macroscopic system. The Fabry-Perot cavity consists of a rigid in-coupling mirror and a torsional oscillator fabricated from a highly polished silicon wafer. At cryogenic temperatures, the mechanical Q factor of the oscillator's torsional mode at 25 kHz exceeds 2/spl middot/10/sup 6/. The finesse of the cavity is /spl Ffr/=13,000, and a diode-pumped monolithic Nd:YAG laser is employed as laser source, with typical laser powers incident onto the cavity /spl sim/5 mW. The laser frequency is locked to the cavity, using a standard FM technique. The change in the cavity's length caused by the motion of the torsional oscillator is detected by reading out the error signal of the feedback loop at the oscillator's resonance frequency. The Brownian random motion of the oscillator at room temperature is shown. At cryogenic temperatures (4.5 K), we measured a rms displacement of /spl Delta/x=1.4/spl middot/10/sup -14/ m, in agreement with the theory of Brownian noise. We demonstrated the operation of the cryogenic high-finesse interferometric force sensor. With planned improvements of the finesse and a reduction of the laser's amplitude and phase noise, our sensor opens up the possibility of observing, for the first time, the standard quantum limit of position measurement in interferometry.
Pathway-based signature analysis of RNA-seq data to reveal new targetable avenues for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients (pts): Preliminary results from the SU2C/PCF/AACR West Coast Prostate Cancer Dream Team (WCDT). (2014)

11078 Background: The mechanisms of resistance to agents such as abiraterone or enzalutamide in pts with mCRPC are poorly understood, and progressive mCRPC has been challenging to biopsy and characterize on a molecular basis because of its bone tropism. As part of the WCDT project, which aims to identify genetic pathways underlying primary and acquired resistance to these agents, RNA-sequencing following laser capture microdissection of mCRPC biopsies was undertaken, along with a panel of 37 mutated cancer genes. Interpreting these data is challenging as few computational approaches exist that can leverage external data (e.g. TCGA) to shed light on pathways that drive cancer progression in an individual patient. Methods: RNA-seq and mutation data from mCRPC biopsies is interpreted by mapping onto a comprehensive pathway database connecting a tumor sample with genetic regulatory logic. Pathway mapping occurs either prior to inferring predictive signatures using the PARADIGM engine, or after differential gene expression analysis. Topological analysis reveals possible drug targets within the inferred networks. Results: 60 of 300 planned mCRPC pts have undergone a metastasis bx, RNA-seq data from 9 samples has been analyzed. PARADIGM-based signatures revealed expected neurotransmitter pathways discriminating neuroendocrine from non-NE samples. Gene expression-based signatures mapped onto pathways revealed RB1, Reelin, and VEGF signaling characteristic of liver metastases compared to mets from other tissues. Finally, gene expression-based signatures uncovered several pathways enriched in Abiraterone naive compared to resistant samples (FDR < 5%). Conclusions: Significant pathways can be inferred and potential drug targets identified on very small cohorts with this approach. Methods that harness existing datasets using pathway-guided descriptions may raise the interpretability of omics datasets collected in personalized medicine settings.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis of 5‐Methoxy‐D(+)‐ or L(‐)‐Tryptophan. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Free Radical Route to syn Lactones and Other Prostanoid Intermediates in Isoprostaglandin Synthesis. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Sensitive Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Verification of detection power calculation. Comparison between the predicted detection power of 18 replicates and the actual fraction of those replicates that were called MRD+. 18 independent samples from a 1:100k dilution were probed with a 488 SNV panel (see methods). Replicates had their duplex consensus reads downsampled in increments of 10% and detection power was recalculated. Reported are the median and range of predicted detection powers for all replicates at each downsampling.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Ray-tracing determination of evanescent-wave penetration depth in tapered fiber optic probes</title> (1993)

A fiber optic biosensor has been developed which monitors fluorescence to detect antibody/antigen binding within the evanescent wave. The sensing region is formed by removal of cladding from the core along the distal end of a step-index optical fiber and attaching the antibody. Reducing the radius by tapering the probe overcomes the mismatch in V-number which arises between the declad, immersed probe, and the clad fiber. Ray tracing analysis of tapered probes and of combination taper probes demonstrates that the evanescent wave penetration depth increases along the length of the taper, creating a probe with increased excitation light available at the surface for stimulating fluorescence.
Apparatus and methods for high resolution separation of sample components on microfabricated channel devices (2023)

Sample component separation apparatus and methods are described. An exemplary sample component separation apparatus includes a separation channel having a turn portion configured to reduce band-broadening caused by passage of a sample through the turn portion. To reduce band broadening caused by passage of a sample through a turn portion, the turn portion may be constructed and arranged to have a sample transport characteristic that is different from the corresponding sample transport characteristic of a substantially straight portion of the separation channel. For example, the turn portion may be configured with an effective channel width that is smaller than the effective channel widths of the substantially straight portion of the separation channel. The actual channel width of the turn portion may be smaller than the channel widths of the substantially straight portion; the effective channel width of the turn portion may be reduced by placing one or more sample transport barriers or constrictions in the turn portion of the channel. Alternatively, the sample velocity through the turn portion may be controlled so as to reduce band broadening. For example, sample transport barriers may be disposed in the turn portion so that sample components of a given band travel through the turn portion at substantially the same effective rate, whereby the band orientation remains substantially aligned along radial directions characteristic of the turn portion. Other a sample transport characteristics, such as electrical resistance or fluid flow resistance, of the turn portion may be adapted to reduce band broadening caused by passage of the sample through the turn portion.
An Empirical Study on the Relation between Dependency Neighborhoods and Failures (2011)

Changing source code in large software systems is complex and requires a good understanding of dependencies between software components. Modification to components with little regard to dependencies may have an adverse impact on the quality of the latter, i.e., increase their risk to fail. We conduct an empirical study to understand the relationship between the quality of components and the characteristics of their dependencies such as their frequency of change, their complexity, number of past failures and the like. Our study has been conducted on two large software systems: Microsoft VISTA and ECLIPSE. Our results show that components that have outgoing dependencies to components with higher object-oriented complexity tend to have fewer field failures for VISTA, but the opposite relation holds for ECLIPSE. Likewise, other notable observations have been made through our study that (a) confirm that certain characteristics of components increase the risk of their dependencies to fail and (b) some of the characteristics are project specific while some were also found to be common. We expect that such results can be leveraged for use to provide new directions for research in defect prediction, test prioritization and related research fields that utilize code dependencies in their empirical analysis. Additionally, these results provide insights to engineers on the potential reliability impacts of new component dependencies based upon the characteristics of the component.
Update on Color Representation for Television and Cinema (2012)

As technology improvements have been steadily implemented in both the Television and Cinema industries, one of the most neglected topics has been color. Still hampered by CRT-era color specifications and relatively simplistic color mapping methods, these industries are overdue for a change. Change is coming, in the form of new color spaces like ultra-high definition television (UHDTV) and Academy Color Encoding System (ACES). These new systems bring greater capabilities than the current spaces of Rec.709 and P3, but they also bring new challenges. Larger color spaces create trade-offs in precision and efficiency, and they bring added complexity as color encoding spaces are no longer rigidly tied to display color gamuts. Techniques for gamut mapping from one space to another become critical to the success of these new formats, and a greater understanding of human color perception is required to maximize the potential of these exciting new developments. This article will review the history and current status of color system developments.
Irreversible binding of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage product to DNA ends revealed by atomic force microscopy: possible role in apoptosis. (1998)

During apoptosis, DNA undergoes fragmentation and caspase-3 cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) into both a 24-kDa fragment containing the DNA binding domain and an 89-kDa fragment containing the catalytic and automodification domains. Atomic force microscopy revealed that recombinant full-length PARP bound to plasmid DNA fragments and linked them into chainlike structures. Automodification of PARP in the presence of NAD+ resulted in its dissociation from the DNA fragments, which, nevertheless, remained physically aligned. A recombinant 28-kDa fragment of PARP containing the DNA binding domain but lacking the automodification domain irreversibly bound to and linked DNA fragments in the absence or presence of NAD+. Identical results were obtained on incubation of internucleosomal DNA fragments from apoptotic cells with the products of cleavage of recombinant PARP by purified caspase-3. The 24-kDa product of PARP cleavage by caspase-3 may contribute to the irreversibility of apoptosis by blocking the access of DNA repair enzymes to DNA strand breaks.
Analog Implementation of Optimization Algorithms: A Distributed Optimization View (2018)

Digital implementations of optimization algorithms for real time applications are often not fast enough for satisfying performance requirements. Analog computing has the potential to address this challenge, being able to provide an answer in milli-to nano-seconds. In this paper we show how we can leverage the distributed optimization framework to generate analog implementations of optimization algorithms for solving unconstrained optimization problems. We present a mapping of a distributed algorithm to the electrical domain, and discuss practical aspects of the physical realization using electronic circuits.
Immunoprophylaxis of Salmonella enteritidis Infection by Lymphokines in Leghorn Chicks (1993)

Chickens were treated prophylactically with the soluble products from Con A-stimulated T-lymphocytes from Salmonella enteritidis-infected chickens in order to investigate the effect of such prophylactic treatment on organ invasion by S. enteritidis. At 18 days of age, chicks were injected intraperitoneally with one of the following: A) the Amicon YM 10 ultrafiltrate from immunized chickens, B) the Amicon YM 10 ultraretentate material from immunized chickens, or C) the Amicon YM 10 ultraretentate material from control nonimmune chickens. Thirty minutes after lymphokine injection, all birds were challenged per os with 10(8) colony-forming units of S. enteritidis. At both 1 and 6 days post-challenge, prophylactic treatment of chickens with the immune retentate resulted in a 51-60% reduction in S. enteritidis organ invasion. The reduction in S. enteritidis organ invasion was associated with a significant increase in lamina propria thickness based on morphometric analysis (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the prophylactic administration of S. enteritidis-immune lymphokines induces protection against S. enteritidis organ invasion, which is associated with a measurable microanatomical change in the cecal mucosa.
Dynamic sound localization using spatial awareness networks (2000)

This paper proposes a sound localization algorithm that utilizes spatial awareness networks (SAN). SANs are an integrated network consisting of a probabilistic location inference model along with an adaptive observability network. This structure yields a synergic mechanism in which individual sensors are configured independently. This leads to a sound localization system that has no limitations on the number, orientation, or position of the microphones.
Potential Application of Human Interferon-α in Microbial Infections of the Oral Cavity (1995)

We have been evaluating the potential use of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) against fungal infections of the oral cavity. IFN-alpha has been reported to enhance the antifungal activity of neutrophils. This cytokine is also known to synergize with interleukin-1 in enhancing a number of immunomodulatory responses. To study cytokine involvement in oral defense mechanisms against microbial infection, we first demonstrated the presence of antimicrobial interleukins (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-8 in the saliva, which can all augment the microbicidal activity of neutrophils, and the presence of epithelial cells and neutrophils in oral lavage fluid from healthy volunteers. Immunostaining for cytokines produced by these cells showed that the candidate producers of both IL-1 alpha and IL-8 are epithelial cells, but those of IL-1 beta remained inconclusive. We next found that IFN-alpha enhanced IL-1 alpha-augmented neutrophil-mediated anticandidal action while marginally enhancing IL-8- and IL-1 beta-mediated reactions. These results suggest that IFN-alpha is a potential agent for treating oral mycosis by cooperating with endogenous cytokine(s) in the saliva, in addition to its intrinsic antiviral action.
Growth and scintillation properties of Pr doped (Lu,Y)<inf>3</inf>(Ga,Al)<inf>5</inf>O<inf>12</inf> single crystals (2011)

Pr: (Lu,Y) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Ga,Al) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. Luminescence and scintillation properties were measured. The substitution phenomenon in the Lu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> sites with Y <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and Al <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> sites with Ga <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> in garnet structure has been studied. Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 5d-4f emission within 300-400nm accompanied by weak Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 4f-4f emission in 480-650nm are observed in Ga 0-60 at.% substituted samples. Ga 80 at.% substituted sample shows only Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 4f-4f emission. The light output of Pr1%:Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> sample was almost same as that of Cz grown Pr:LuAG standard. Two-component scintillation decay shows 17.9ns (93%) and 68.0ns (7%) using the PMT and digital oscilloscope TDS5032B. Slower decay components are reduced by Ga and Y substitution in LuAG structure.
High-Density Optical Memory using Photochromic Diarylethenes (2000)

Abstract The great interest in photochromic materials for high-density optical memory has been increased for the past decade. A super-low power readout method has been proposed to solve a problem about degradation of recorded information by readout process. About 106-time readout was demonstrated by the method. New high-density optical memory, a super-resolution disk with a photochromic mask layer, was introduced. The super-resolution method has enabled us to increase the recording density of conventional optical disks. Ultra-high density near-field photochromic memory as a new innovative storage technology was also discussed.
Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation during sleep at 3800 m: Relationship to acute mountain sickness and sleeping oxyhaemoglobin saturation (2009)

The use of positive pressure ventilation during sleep at 3800 m significantly increased the sleeping oxygen saturation; we suggest that the marked reduction in symptoms of AMS is due to this higher sleeping SaO2. We agree with the findings from previous studies that the development of AMS is associated with a lower sleeping oxygen saturation.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of a Blue-Emitting La3Si8N11O4:Eu2+ Phosphor (2017)

Eu<sup>2+</sup>-doped La<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>N<sub>11</sub>O<sub>4</sub> phosphors were synthesized by the high temperature solid-state method, and their photoluminescence properties were investigated in this work. La<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>N<sub>11</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> exhibits a strong broad absorption band centered at 320 nm, spanning the spectral range of 300-600 nm due to 4f<sup>7</sup> → 4f<sup>6</sup>5d<sup>1</sup> electronic transitions of Eu<sup>2+</sup>. The emission spectra show a broad and asymmetric band peaking at 481-513 nm depending on the Eu<sup>2+</sup> concentration, and the emission color can be tuned in a broad range owing to the energy transfer between Eu<sup>2+</sup> ions occupying two independent crystallographic sites. Compared to the Ce<sup>3+</sup>-doped La<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>8</sub>N<sub>11</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, the Eu<sup>2+</sup>-doped one shows a larger thermal quenching, predominantly owing to photoionization. Under 320 nm excitation, the internal and external quantum efficiencies are 44 and 33%, respectively.