gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Evaluation of Autonomous Vehicles in the Lane Change Scenario Based on Subset Simulation Technique (2018)

The testing of autonomous vehicle (AV) safety is receiving a lot of attention due to several high-profile crashes caused by AVs. Popular AV testing techniques include test matrix and Naturalistic Field Operational Test (N-FOT) which are either not comprehensive or too costly and time-consuming. In this paper, a new method based on Subset Simulations (SS), is proposed as an alternative method for evaluating the safety of AV. The lane change scenario is used to demonstrate the performance of SS, and a new Gaussian Mixture Model with 8 parameters describing the stochastic nature of lane change scenario is developed. The new testing procedure achieves a similar level of accelerated rate compared with IS, and SS can easily handle black-box control systems.
Vascular perfusion: a novel means of studying oviduct function (1985)

An in situ preparation for the combined vascular and luminal perfusion of the rabbit oviduct has been developed. Medium 199, gassed with 5% CO2 in O2 and supplemented with heparin, antibiotics, and 2.5% wt/vol dialyzed bovine serum albumin was infused into the ovarian artery at a rate of 1 ml/min. Krebs Ringer bicarbonate medium was recirculated through the lumen at a rate of 50 microliter/min. The ovary was perfused together with the oviduct, and the preparation is viable for up to 3 h. Equal concentrations of pyruvate, lactate, glucose, and sucrose added to the vascular medium were transported at different rates into the lumen, as was a physiological mixture of amino acids. A proportion of the lactate entering the lumen was synthesized within the oviduct from vascular glucose. When glucose and pyruvate were omitted from the vascular medium, their appearance and that of lactate in the lumen was barely detectable, suggesting that these oviduct fluid components are mainly derived from the blood. The oviduct maintained a steady transmural potential difference of 5.9 mV (lumen negative). With vascular perfusion alone, oviduct fluid entered the oviduct lumen at a rate of 16.8 microliter/h. In oviducts taken from rabbits 3 days postovulation, there was a general decrease in the vascular to lumen flux of all nutrients measured. Preliminary work has shown that the preparation may be used to study ovulation, ovum pickup and transport, and fertilization.
Etch characteristics of magnetic tunnel junction stack using a high density plasma in a HBr/Ar gas (2007)

Abstract Etch characteristics of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack masked with TiN thin films were investigated using an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching in HBr/Ar gas for the application of magnetic random access memory. The effect of HBr gas concentration on the etch profile of MTJ stacks was examined. As HBr gas concentration increased, the sidewall angles of etched patterns of MTJ stacks were slightly improved. The effect of etch parameters including coil rf power, dc‐bias voltage, and gas pressure on the etch profile of MTJ stack was explored. At low coil rf power, low dc‐bias voltage, and high gas pressure, the etching of MTJ stack displayed better etch profile. A high degree of anisotropic etching of MTJ stacks without redeposition was achieved using HBr/Ar gas at the optimized etch conditions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Serial prostate magnetic resonance imaging fails to predict pathological progression in patients on active surveillance (2022)

Given its modest sensitivity/specificity, serial prostate MRI should be used judiciously as a surveillance tool. However, when prostate MRI demonstrates a PI-RADS >3 lesion, a high index of suspicion should be maintained, as these patients are more likely to progress on AS.
Polymer-Based Flexible Visuo-Haptic Display (2014)

We report a flexible visuo-haptic display that allows for interactive haptic feedback on the visual display. The visuo-haptic display is fabricated by integrating a dielectric elastomer (DE) based thin film actuator array into a flexible display and pressure sensors. The DE actuator array consists of nine active cells, which generate thickness-mode deformation in response to voltage signal. The flexible display presents images of the aligned three alphabet characters at each section in 3 × 3 matrix during light propagation via optical multiwaveguide. The pressure sensors are placed on the bottom of the DE actuator array for haptic feedback. The performance of the DE actuators is proved to be capable of realizing sufficient vibro-tactile sensation in the perceivable range of human touch sense. The integrated system enables the visual display to provide interactive haptic feedback such as key pressing, contact vibration sensations, etc., in accordance with user input.
Innenrücktitelbild: Selective Visual Detection of TNT at the Sub‐Zeptomole Level (Angew. Chem. 38/2012) (2012)

Die Grenzen der Empfindlichkeit zu erreichen und dabei die Selektivität aufrechtzuerhalten, bleibt eine wichtige Aufgabe. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 9734 ff. berichten T. Pradeep et al. über eine Technik, welche die Detektion weniger Moleküle von Trinitrotoluol (TNT) mithilfe einzigartig geformter anisotroper Partikel (“Mesoblumen”) ermöglicht, die die Lumineszenz von an ihnen gebundenen Silberclustern verstärken. TNT wechselwirkt mit dem Rinderserumalbumin, das die Cluster schützt, und löscht so die Lumineszenz, wodurch seine Detektion möglich wird.
Synthesis of thin films and materials utilizing a gaseous catalyst (2023)

A method for the fabrication of nanostructured semiconducting, photoconductive, photovoltaic, optoelectronic and electrical battery thin films and materials at low temperature, with no molecular template and no organic contaminants. High-quality metal oxide semiconductor, photovoltaic and optoelectronic materials can be fabricated with nanometer-scale dimensions and high dopant densities through the use of low-temperature biologically inspired synthesis routes, without the use of any biological or biochemical templates.
In-vivo Protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection by ATN-161 in k18-hACE2 transgenic mice (2021)

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious disease that has spread worldwide. Current treatments are limited in both availability and efficacy, such that improving our understanding of the factors that facilitate infection is urgently needed to more effectively treat infected individuals and to curb the pandemic. We and others have previously demonstrated the significance of interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, integrin α5β1, and human ACE2 to facilitate viral entry into host cells in vitro . We previously found that inhibition of integrin α5β1 by the clinically validated small peptide ATN-161 inhibits these spike protein interactions and cell infection in vitro . In continuation with our previous findings, here we have further evaluated the therapeutic potential of ATN-161 on SARS-CoV-2 infection in k18-hACE2 transgenic (SARS-CoV-2 susceptible) mice in vivo . We discovered that treatment with single- or repeated intravenous doses of ATN-161 (1 mg/kg) within 48 hours after intranasal inoculation with SARS-CoV-2 lead to a reduction of lung viral load, viral immunofluorescence and improved lung histology in a majority of mice 72 hours post-infection. Furthermore, ATN-161 reduced SARS-CoV-2-induced increased expression of lung integrin α5 and αv (an α5-related integrin that has also been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 interactions) as well as the C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 10 ( Cxcl10 ), further supporting the potential involvement of these integrins, and the anti-inflammatory potential of ATN-161, respectively, in SARS-CoV-2 infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the potential therapeutic efficacy of targeting integrin α5β1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo and supports the development of ATN-161 as a novel SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS ON FLUID FILTRATION IN SYSTEM OF PERMEABLE CURVED CAPILLARY AND TISSUE (2011)

Fluid filtration across a capillary wall, which is associated with many diseases, is noteworthy for its significant role in cancer treatment. In this study, the coupled fluid dynamic phenomenon within a capillary and its surrounding tissues has been numerically analyzed in order to investigate the effect of capillary geometry, filtration coefficient, and tissue pressure on capillary filtration. The computational domain is composed of a fluid capillary subdomain coupled with a porous tissue subdomain. The flows in the sub-domains are described by the Stokes and Darcy equations, respectively, which are solved in a coupled manner by applying a nodal replacement scheme at the capillary wall. Distributions of pressure and flow velocity are presented, which show that the interfacial pressure drop is strongly influenced by permeability, tissue boundary pressure, and capillary radii. These results provide useful information on the relationship between the interstitial flow pattern and oxygen transport.
Haemophilia A gene therapy (1998)

Gene therapy for haemophilia A would represent a significant improvement over the current treatment by providing prophylactic expression of FVIII and correction of the coagulation defect. Furthermore, a gene therapy protocol allowing simple, infrequent vector administration may extend haemophilia treatment to remote locations world-wide that currently lack access to FVIII replacement therapy. Within the last half decade, significant progress has been made on the development of gene therapy for the treatment of haemophilia A. Recent achievements include high level clotting factor expression in mice, dogs, and monkeys as well as phenotypic correction in haemophiliac mice and dogs. With the efforts that are currently directed toward the improvement of gene transfer vectors and the development of technologies to enable sustained clotting factor expression, gene therapy for haemophilia A will ultimately become a reality.
BCAA-containing Dipeptide, Identified From Whey Protein Hydrolysates, Stimulates Glucose Uptake In Skeletal Muscle (2008)

In our previous reports, dietary whey protein increased skeletal muscle and liver glycogen contents in exercise-trained rats (Morifuji et al. 2005 Br. J. Nutr.). However, little is known about whether ingredients of whey protein stimulate skeletal muscle glycogen accumulation. Recent study demonstrated that leucine stimulated glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscle (Nishitani et al. 2002 BBRC). Therefore, certain BCAA-containing bioactive peptides derived from whey protein may also stimulate skeletal muscle glucose uptake because dietary protein is absorbed as not only amino acids, but di-, tri-peptides. PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify bioactive peptides which stimulate glucose uptake of skeletal muscle in whey protein hydrolysates (WPH). METHODS: Whey protein was hydrolyzed for 6 hrs by protease from S. Bacillus and O. Aspergillus. BCAA-containing peptides in WPH were identified by using LC/MS/ MS. L6 myotubes and isolated epitrochlearis muscles were used for glucose uptake assay. L6 cells were treated with or without 100 nM insulin, 1 mM dipeptides, 10 μM LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), or 6 μM GF102903X (PKC inhibitor) for 3 hrs. Glucose uptake was measured by adding 2DG containing KRPH buffer followed by incubation for 10 min at 22°C. The isolated muscles were incubated for 60 min at 30°C in KHB buffer containing 8 mM glucose, 32 mM mannitol, 0.1% BSA in the presence or absence of 2 mU/ml insulin, 1 mM Ile-Leu, 10 μM LY294002, or 6 μM GF102903X. After the rinse, muscles were incubated at 30°C for 20 min in KHB containing 8 mM 2DG, 32 mM mannitol, 0.1% BSA and samples. Intracellular accumulation rate of 2DG6P level was assayed. RESULTS: BCAA-containing dipeptides, IV, LV, VL, Il, IL, LI and LL were detected in WPH by using LC/MS/MS. These peptides significantly stimulated the rate of glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. Ile-Leu, a main component in WPH, also stimulated glucose transport to isolated skeletal muscle. Stimulation of glucose uptake by Ile-Leu was completely canceled by treatment with either LY294002, or GF109203X in L6 cells and isolated muscles. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that BCAA-containing dipeptides identified from WPH stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle via PI3K and PKC pathways.
Additive phase noise measurements of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs using a large signal network analyzer and a tunable monochromatic light source (2009)

An additive phase noise measurement system is integrated with a large signal network analyzer (LSNA) and a tunable monochromatic light source. This system is used to measure the additive phase noise characteristics of an unpassivated AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) at 2 GHz under various operating conditions. Illumination with different photon energies, below the AlGaN bandgap, is applied to probe the dependence of the RF additive phase noise on the trap and 2DEG population. Different drain voltages are also used to investigate the bias dependence of the phase noise. From 1 Hz to 10 KHz, an 1/f region is identified in the additive phase noise at 2 GHz, which is indicative of the presence of uniformly distributed traps. Further a decrease in additive phase noise is clearly observed with increasing photon energies below the GaN bandgap. This is due to the decrease of the trap population induced by photon assisted emission of electrons from the trap levels to the conduction band. Further it is found that the additive phase noise at 2 GHz increases at higher drain voltages. Various RF load impedances are also used to further characterize the noise performance of both passivated and unpassivated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The larger the drain voltage swing introduced, the more additive phase noise is observed. A degration of additive phase noise is also observed with the unpassivated device compared to the passivated device. Some preliminary results from a physical cyclostationary model are also presented. The observed 1/f noise increase at RF occuring at large bias or in large signal RF operation are attributed to the increase efficiency of the RF upconversion of the trap 1/f occupation fluctuation when the drain resistance increases. This work also demonstrates that the new combined additive phase noise/LSNA testbed developed is a useful tool for characterizing the additive phase noise in transistors/amplifiers under large signal operation.
Computer navigation versus conventional total knee replacement (2007)

Sir, 

I read with interest the article by Spencer et al[1][1] in the April 2007 issue entitled ‘Computer navigation versus conventional total knee replacement: no difference in functional results at two years’. While I do not support the use of ‘image free’ navigation systems in general, in
Isolation and Identification of the Antifungal Active Substance in Walnuts (1967)

The substance in walnuts of Juglans regia LINN. and J.Sieboldiana MXIM. exhibiting growth inhibition of Trichophyton mentagrophytes has been isolated, and it is confirmed that the active substance is identical with juglone (5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone).
Role of Block Copolymers on Suppression of Droplet Coalescence (2002)

Block copolymer reduces particle size in immiscible polymer−polymer blends by suppressing droplet coalescence and by aiding droplet breakup through reduced interfacial tension. In this paper we separated coalescence from breakup and studied suppression of coalescence by block copolymers in a model blend composed of polystyrene (PS), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polystyrene−polyethylene (PS−PE) block copolymer. Coalescence was examined by monitoring particle size change vs shear strain while varying the shear rate, block copolymer concentration, molecular weight, and symmetry (coil size ratio of blocks). Even 0.5% PS−PE block copolymer significantly suppressed coalescence of HDPE droplets in a PS matrix. Assuming all of the PS−PE molecules were at the interface, the minimum concentration of block copolymers required to prevent coalescence under shear was found to be about 0.2 chain/nm2 at a coalescence shear rate of 0.1 s-1 for PS−PE with a molecular weight of 20−20 kg/mol. We found that this minimum concentration decreased with shear rate and with increasing molecular weight of PS−PE. We also found that, with the total molecular weight being the same, a PS−PE with a larger PS block suppressed HDPE particle coalescence more efficiently than one with a smaller block. These results indicate that steric repulsive interactions due to the presence of block copolymer at the interfaces are more important than those due to interfacial tension gradients.
NMR Study of the Chain End and Branching Units in Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (2013)

2D-NMR techniques were used to identify the detailed structures of chain end and branching units in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene), poly(VDF-co-TFE). Atomic connectivity information was provided by selective 19F–19F COSY (correlation spectroscopy), 19F{1H} gHETCOR (gradient heteronuclear correlated), and 1H{13C} HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum correlation) experiments. Diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and spin–lattice relaxation (T1) data permitted distinction of backbone, short chain branch, and chain end resonances from one another. Quantitative data on these structures are reported; quantitation also supported assignments through the consistent relative intensities of resonances from the same structures. Possible reactions during the polymerization which could lead to these structures are discussed.
Wireless field trial results of a high hopping rate FHSS-FSK testbed (2005)

This paper presents a complete study and characterization of a real-time frequency-hopped, frequency shift-keyed testbed capable of transmitting data at 160 kb/s, with hopping rates of up to 80 Khops/s operating in the 900 MHz band. The system provides the highest hopping rate reported to date and sets a new trend for FHSS communications with superior low probability of interception/detection and anti-jamming (LPI/LPD/AJ) capabilities. The architecture features a direct digital frequency synthesizer to enable high-rate hopping, and a frequency correlator-based demodulator, plus all digital timing and frequency recovery algorithms to minimize complexity. Furthermore, single sideband modulation was used to achieve spectral efficiency. The testbed is software configured and provides the user with full control over the diversity combining techniques, symbol interleaving, packet structure, and acquisition protocols. A total of 5850 independent experiments were carried out under various receiver configurations and wireless environments. The results underscore the dramatic potential for a system that optimally combines high-rate hopping, interleaving, and equal gain combining to combat severe propagation conditions, including multipath fading and intentional jamming.
Multiple-omic data analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae MGH 78578 reveals its transcriptional architecture and regulatory features (2012)

These findings highlight the strengths of systems biology approaches to the refinement of sequence-based annotations, and to provide new insight into fundamental genome-level biology for this important human pathogen.
132 A Novel Mechanism of Periventricular Strain Observed in Post-Mortem Human Brains for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2023)

INTRODUCTION: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can result in a myriad of long-term functional deficits reflecting diffuse axonal disruption. While microstructural anomalies in the periventricular regions of the brain have been identified through immunohistochemical analyses, diffusion tensor imaging and animal models, and contribute to a range of symptoms observed in mTBI, the mechanism of injury is not fully described. METHODS: Post-mortem human brains without space-occupying lesions and significant atrophy were included in this study. Using MRI and anatomical surface landmark localisation, cortical and subcortical markers were implanted along a sagittal plane in anterior, posterior and inferior periventricular regions as well as in the frontal, parietal, occipital and cerebellar lobes. A high-speed, high-resolution, two-dimensional imaging system was employed to measure brain displacement from direct low-velocity frontal impacts. Impact kinematics of the skull were measured using a DTS 6DX SLICE sensor array. Marker displacement in the anterior, inferior and posterior periventricular regions were calculated and individual frame position time-histories for markers' centre of gravity were recorded. RESULTS: Upon impact, the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles were observed to immediately collapse, followed by posterior fluid motion and occipital horn dilation not previously described in the literature. Substantial deformation was recorded in the periventricular areas, resulting in a significantly higher magnitude of strain relative to more superficial subcortical and cortical structures. In comparison, the posterior periventricular region of the brain recorded the highest magnitude of strain. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the generation of unique high magnitude strain in the periventricular regions from ventricular fluid flow upon low-velocity frontal head impacts. While the clinical significance of the ventricular deformation remains to be elucidated, this represents an important association between the mechanism of injury and diffuse symptomatology observed in mTBI.
Choosing the right effector cell for ErbB2-CAR-engineered immunotherapy in rhabdomyosarcoma – CAR-T vs CAR-CIK (2023)

Engineering immune effector cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) to specifically target cancer cells has achieved promising results. However, there are limitations especially for the treatment of solid tumors. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells harboring a predominantly T-, with mixed natural killer (NK) phenotype have been used as alternative effector cells and shown potent, non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. In this first direct comparison of CAR-T versus CAR-CIK cells we targeted ErbB2+ rhabdomyosarcoma. Generated from PBMCs of healthy donors, T and CIK cells both showed robust CAR-expression. In vitro immunotoxicity revealed comparable efficacy of CAR-T and CAR-CIK cells against RMS. Antitumoral effects seemed to be primarily implemented by CD8+ and effector memory cells. Of note, CAR-CIK cells showed higher cytotoxicity against 3D tumor spheroids in vitro. In NSG mice xenografted with ErbB2+ human RMS tumors both cells impaired tumor development leading to a significantly improved survival. In our preclinical analyses, we clearly showed non-inferiority of novel CAR-CIK vs. conventional CAR-T cells.
Subsampling Feedback Loop Applicable to Concurrent Dual-Band Linearization Architecture (2012)

This paper demonstrates an energy-efficient and low-complexity subsampling receiver adopted in the feedback loop of the dual-band power amplifier (PA) linearization architecture. The challenges and issues on finding the valid subsampling frequencies in nonlinear system are discussed, and a systematic approach for finding valid subsampling frequencies is presented. The subsampling-based receiver is applied as a proper solution for the feedback loop of the dual-band linearization architecture. It is shown that the subsampling feedback loop reduces the complexity and the cost of the dual-band linearization architecture. The simulation and measurement results show the proper functionality of the presented technique and demonstrate a good linearization performance. The measurement results show that when using this method, more than 15-dB improvement in normalized mean squared error and more than 17-dB improvement in adjacent channel power ratio are achieved for a wideband class-AB PA, compared with the unlinearized method.