gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Proving for Distributed Access-Control Systems (2018)

We present a new algorithm for generating a formal proof that an access request satisfies accesscontrol policy, for use in logic-based access-control frameworks. Our algorithm is tailored to settings where credentials needed to complete a proof might need to be obtained from, or reactively created by, distant components in a distributed system. In such contexts, our algorithm substantially improves upon previous proposals in both computation and communication costs, and better guides users to create the most appropriate credentials in those cases where needed credentials do not yet exist. At the same time, our algorithm offers strictly superior proving ability, in the sense that it finds a proof in every case that previous approaches would (and more). We detail our algorithm and empirically evaluate an implementation of it using policies in active use in a testbed at our institution for experimenting with access-control technologies.
A Practical and Environmentally Friendly Preparation of 3-Carboxycoumarins (2003)

Abstract The condensation of salicylaldehydes with Meldrum's acid in water at 75°C to produce 3-carboxycoumarin derivatives is described.
Nanostructure Changes in Lung Surfactant Monolayers Induced by Interactions between Palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol and Surfactant Protein B (2002)

Developing synthetic lung surfactants to replace animal extracts requires a fundamental understanding of the roles of the various lipids and proteins in native lung surfactant. We used Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Langmuir isotherms to study the influence of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG) in monolayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and palmitic acid mixtures with or without dSP-B1-25, a peptide dimer based on the first 25 amino acids of surfactant protein B (SP-B). At surface pressures between 30 and 40 mN/m, only monolayers containing POPG and dSP-B1-25 showed plateaus in the isotherm similar to those in Survanta, a bovine extract replacement lung surfactant that contains native SP-B and SP-C proteins. BAM images show distinct morphological changes in the fluid phase during these plateaus, while AFM images of deposited monolayers show that multilayer structures, which we named “nanosilos”, form in the fluid phase at the plateau. These nanosilos are from 50 to 300 nm in diameter and from 5 to 8 nm in height and are similar to those observed in deposited Survanta monolayers. We propose that POPG and SP-B interact to stabilize the monolayer composition by trapping POPG in three-dimensional surface-associated aggregates at high surface pressures, preventing the irreversible loss of POPG and SP-B to the subphase.
Efficient stopping criterion for iterative decoding of turbo codes (2003)

A simple and efficient stopping criterion for iterative turbo decoding is proposed, focusing on not only reducing the average number of iterations but also minimising performance degradation due to early stopping. A measure and two decision thresholds are introduced to enhance performance and simplify the stopping criterion. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides performance very close to that of a decoder with optimum stopping criterion and reduces average number of decoding iterations.
Data from A Pilot Study of Consolidative Immunotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with metastatic or recurrent Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma have &lt;25% 5-year survival in most studies. This study administered a novel immunotherapy regimen aimed at consolidating remission in these patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Fifty-two patients with translocation positive, recurrent, or metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors or alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma underwent prechemotherapy cell harvest via apheresis for potential receipt of immunotherapy. Following completion of standard multimodal therapy, 30 patients ultimately initiated immunotherapy and were sequentially assigned to three cohorts. All cohorts received autologous T cells, influenza vaccinations, and dendritic cells pulsed with peptides derived from tumor-specific translocation breakpoints and E7, a peptide known to bind HLA-A2. Cohort 1 received moderate-dose recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2), cohort 2 received low-dose rhIL-2, and cohort 3 did not receive rhIL-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; All immunotherapy recipients generated influenza-specific immune responses, whereas immune responses to the translocation breakpoint peptides occurred in 39%, and only 25% of HLA-A2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; patients developed E7-specific responses. Toxicity was minimal. Intention-to-treat analysis revealed a 31% 5-year overall survival for all patients apheresed (median potential follow-up 7.3 years) with a 43% 5-year overall survival for patients initiating immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Consolidative immunotherapy is a scientifically based and clinically practical approach for integrating immunotherapy into a multimodal regimen for chemoresponsive cancer. Patients receiving immunotherapy experienced minimal toxicity and favorable survival. The robust influenza immune responses observed suggest that postchemotherapy immune incompetence will not fundamentally limit this approach. Future studies will seek to increase efficacy by using more immunogenic antigens and more potent dendritic cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Design and Optimal Control of an Underactuated Cable-Driven Micro–Macro Robot (2017)

In this paper, a planar underactuated cable-driven micro-macro robot is presented. The system consists of two-link passive serial manipulator attached to a cable-suspended parallel robot. The system is conceived for applications requiring point-to-point motions inside large workspaces in the presence of obstacles: The serial arm allows us to reach points close to the obstacles that would not be reachable by the cable robot alone due to cable-obstacle interference. The kinematic and dynamic models are presented and the differential flatness framework is applied to make the system controllable for point-to-point movements. In addition, a multiobjective optimization framework is presented, which allows us to choose the design parameters that minimize two conflicting objective functions (movement time and control effort) for a given movement task. This novel approach allows designers to infer useful information about the influence of the design parameters on the dynamic performance of the system.
Lanthanide Triflate-Catalyzed Preparation of β,β-Difluorohomopropargyl Alcohols in Aqueous Media. Application to the Synthesis of 4,4-Difluoroisochromans (2006)

An indium-mediated Barbier-type reaction of difluoropropargyl bromide with several aldehydes in aqueous media was enhanced by a catalytic amount of a lanthanide triflate (5 mol %). The reaction gave the corresponding beta,beta-difluorohomopropargyl alcohols with high regioselectivity. The [2 + 2 + 2] alkyne cyclotrimerization of beta,beta-difluorohomopropargyl alcohols with monosubstituted acetylenes produced 4,4-difluoroisochromans in good yields with moderate regioselectivity.
Listeria monocytogenes-Derived Listeriolysin O Has Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Like Properties Independent of Its Hemolytic Ability (2012)

There is a constant need for improved adjuvants to augment the induction of immune responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) during immunotherapy. Previous studies have established that listeriolysin O (LLO), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin derived from Listeria monocytogenes, exhibits multifaceted effects to boost the stimulation of immune responses to a variety of antigens. However, the direct ability of LLO as an adjuvant and whether it acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) have not been demonstrated. In this paper, we show that a detoxified, nonhemolytic form of LLO (dtLLO) is an effective adjuvant in tumor immunotherapy and may activate innate and cellular immune responses by acting as a PAMP. Our investigation of the adjuvant activity demonstrates that dtLLO, either fused to or administered as a mixture with a human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 recombinant protein, can augment antitumor immune responses and facilitate tumor eradication. Further mechanistic studies using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells suggest that dtLLO acts as a PAMP by stimulating production of proinflammatory cytokines and inducing maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APC). We propose that dtLLO is an effective adjuvant for tumor immunotherapy, and likely for other therapeutic settings.
Lipoxygenase‐dependent protection of skeletal muscle contractile function during heat stress (2007)

Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are enzymes involved in the restructuring of membrane lipids and the production of leukotrienes. LOX products are best known as mediators of inflammation, which could allude to their importance during times of cellular stress. This study was conducted to test the functional role of LOXs in skeletal muscle during severe heat stress. Contractile function in rat diaphragm bundles was tested after 30 min of hyperthermia (40–43°C). Only at 43°C was there a significant loss of peak force (52.8±7.5% of baseline). General LOX inhibition with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) further decreased force at 43°C in a dose dependent manner [e.g. 10μM, 41.2±9.2% of control (P<0.05)] and increased susceptibility to hyperthermia at lower temperatures (41°C). In contrast, specific inhibitors of (5–12-&15-LOX) had little or no effect at 43°C. Indomethacin (100μM), a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, reduced force at 43°C and in combination with NDGA caused nearly complete loss of force at 43°C. In conclusion, global LOX and COX inhibition causes significant loss of muscle contractile function in hyperthermia and their effects are additive. The results suggest that lipid metabolites generated during hyperthermia may be damaging to skeletal muscle and that the integrity of LOX and COX metabolic pathways is critical in preserving skeletal muscle function during conditions of severe hyperthermia. (NHLBI 53333)
Search for new non-resonant phenomena in high-mass dilepton final states with the ATLAS detector (2020)

A bstract A search for new physics with non-resonant signals in dielectron and dimuon final states in the mass range above 2 TeV is presented. This is the first search for non-resonant signals in dilepton final states at the LHC to use a background estimate from the data. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 , were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. The benchmark signal signature is a two-quark and two-lepton contact interaction, which would enhance the dilepton event rate at the TeV mass scale. To model the contribution from background processes a functional form is fit to the dilepton invariant-mass spectra in data in a mass region below the region of interest. It is then extrapolated to a high-mass signal region to obtain the expected background there. No significant deviation from the expected background is observed in the data. Upper limits at 95% CL on the number of events and the visible cross-section times branching fraction for processes involving new physics are provided. Observed (expected) 95% CL lower limits on the contact interaction energy scale reach 35.8 (37.6) TeV.
Principles of Cerebral Ultrasound Contrast Imaging (2009)

Ultrasound contrast is gaining acceptance worldwide as an adjunct to conventional ultrasound imaging. It has clinical applications as diverse as liver disease detection and characterization, myocardial perfusion and wall motion studies, and cerebral vascularity and perfusion imaging. This paper will focus on imaging techniques used for transcranial ultrasound contrast imaging. The interaction of ultrasound with the microbubbles in the contrast agent is complex and nonlinear. This has led to the development of a variety of imaging modes to improve contrast detection over noncontrast optimized modes. This article presents several of these imaging methods in such a way as to help clinical and research users of ultrasound contrast understand this rapidly developing field.
Proposal of a Figure of Merit for the Characterization of Soft-Magnetic Shielding Material Used in Inductive Wireless Power Transmission Systems (2014)

In inductive wireless power transmission systems, often soft-magnetic shielding is used to avoid lossy eddy currents being induced in electrically conducting components like batteries or ground layers of electronic circuits. Datasheet information on such shielding materials are often limited to magnetic permeability and sometimes exemplary loss information. For designing inductive wireless power systems, e.g., at variable frequency, detailed loss information are of interest. Therefore, it is proposed to measure the impact of these materials on the power transmission in a standardized setup, which is closely related to the real application. This consists of two coils, a transmitting and a receiving coil. Here, a configuration as described in the Qi standard for wireless charging of mobile devices published by the wireless power consortium is used as reference. A figure of merit, i.e., the product of the coupling factor k and the geometric average of the coil's quality factors Q, is proposed to qualify materials concerning both: shielding against conducting components on the backside of the receiving coil; and establishing a high mutual inductance of the transformer coils, resulting in higher system efficiencies. Furthermore, considerations on the measurement setup as well as qualifications of shielding materials are presented.
Pursuit-evasion Game (2007)

In Pursuit-Evasion Games (PEGs) multiple robots (the pursuers) collectively determine the location of one or more evaders, and try to corral them. The game terminates when every evader has been corralled by one or more robots. PEGs have motivated interesting research directions in multi-robot coordination. Pursuers may not have line-of-sight visibility to evaders, and a sensor network can help detect and track evaders.PEG is an application case study of Tenet, a software architecture for Wireless Sensor Network. Tenet architecture provides a wireless subtract for pursuer to communicate and collect sensor data. Tenet simplifies the development of the wireless sensor applications, since it is not necessary to worry about reliability, mobility, routing tree and other issues.
Supplementary Methods from <i>PARD3</i> Inactivation in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas Impairs STAT3 and Promotes Malignant Invasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
The colorful world of carotenoids: a profound insight on therapeutics and recent trends in nano delivery systems (2021)

The therapeutic effects of carotenoids as dietary supplements to control or even treat some specific diseases including diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular diseases, bacterial infections, as well as breast, prostate, and skin cancer are discussed in this review and also thoughts on future research for their widespread use are emphasized. From the stability standpoint, carotenoids have low bioavailability and bioaccessibility owing to their poor water solubility, deterioration in the presence of environmental stresses such as oxygen, light, and high heat as well as rapid degradation during digestion. Nanoencapsulation technologies as wall or encapsulation materials have been increasingly used for improving food product functionality. Nanoencapsulation is a versatile process employed for the protection, entrapment, and the delivery of food bioactive products including carotenoids from diverse environmental conditions for extended shelf lives and for providing controlled release. Therefore, we present here, recent (mostly during the last five years) nanoencapsulation methods of carotenoids with various nanocarriers. To us, this review can be considered as the first highlighting not only the potential therapeutic effects of carotenoids on various diseases but also their most effective nanodelivery systems.HighlightsBioactive compounds are of deep interest to improve food properties.Carotenoids (such as β-carotene and xanthophylls) play indispensable roles in maintaining human health and well-being.A substantial research effort has been carried out on developing beneficial nanodelivery systems for various carotenoids.Nanoencapsulation of carotenoids can enhance their functional properties.Stable nanoencapsulated carotenoids could be utilized in food products.
Influence of pulsed Nd:YAG laser oscillation energy on silicon wafer texturing for enhanced absorption in photovoltaic cells (2023)

• Laser texturing is an alternative method to replace wet chemical etching. • A pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used to change the texture of a silicon wafer surfaces. • After laser texturing on multicrystalline silicon wafer, the reflection was reduced up to 15%. • Laser texturing makes surfaces rougher hence reducing reflectivity. • Texturing the surface of solar cells is an efficient method for light management. • The c-Si solar cells efficiencies of around 7.5% and 5.0% were found for laser-textured grid and one-dimensional line patterns, respectively. The influence of the Nd:YAG laser's oscillation energy on creating textured surfaces on silicon wafers is investigated in this study. The silicon wafer surfaces were directly ablated by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam to create the texturing, which was then examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy, AFM and FESEM to determine its characteristics. The reflectance was reduced up to 15% after laser texturing of multicrystalline silicon wafers. The silicon surface suffers from structural defects and a laser damage layer as a result of the laser texturing process, which in turn has an effect on the lifespan of the photo-generated carriers. To compensate for the laser damage layer, the silicon surface was cleaned with diluted KOH (15%) to remove undesirable particles and the oxide layer. Surface roughness and reflectance in silicon solar cells were changed depending on the laser oscillation energy utilized for texturing. The roughness and reflectance were measured using AFM and UV–Vis, respectively. The laser oscillation energy of 84 J/p had the highest average roughness of 0.2104 m and the lowest reflectance of 5%. As a result, standard silicon solar cell devices revealed photovoltaic conversion efficiencies of roughly 7.5% and 5.0% for laser-textured grid and one-dimensional line patterns, respectively.
Fluorinated Distyrylbenzene Containing Copolymers for Photoinduced Formation of Anisotropic Materials as Photoalignment Layers for Liquid Crystals (2003)

New fluorine containing photoactive polymers that contain the distyrylbenzene chromophore in the main chain have been investigated for use as photoalignment layers. Both photoisomerization and [2+2] photocycloaddition can occur competitively depending on the substitution pattern. The latter in particular results in anisotropic properties if the polymer film is irradiated with linearly polarized light. [2+2] photocycloaddition results in an insoluble material that is useful for efficient alignment of liquid crystals. Extinction difference (ED) diagrams support the result that mainly the [2+2] photocycloaddition is responsible for an increase of dichroism. Particularly the fluorine substitution in the chromophore influences both the photoreactivity of the polymer and the alignment of a liquid crystal in a manufactured cell. The results are compared with a distyrylbenzene copolymer with no fluorine. The dichroism of the liquid crystal obtained using a photoalignment layer with a particular substitution pattern is comparable with that of a commercial cell made of a rubbed polyimide film. AFM measurements of fluorine containing polymers indicate a significant increase of surface roughness after irradiation. In addition, AFM figures show a nanostructural pattern. The results should give new impetus for development of photoalignment layers that could be used to substitute classical rubbed polyimide films in LC devices.
Identification of Anthranilic Acid Derivatives as a Novel Class of Allosteric Inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase (2007)

A series of potent anthranilic acid-based inhibitors of the hepatitis C NS5B polymerase has been identified. The inhibitors bind to a site on NS5B between the thumb and palm regions adjacent to the active site as determined by X-ray crystallography of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. Guided by both molecular modeling and traditional SAR, the enzyme activity of the initial hit was improved by approximately 100-fold, yielding a series of potent and selective NS5B inhibitors with IC50 values as low as 10 nM. These compounds were also inhibitors of the HCV replicon in cultured HUH7 cells.
Differential Expression of Mitochondrial and Extramitochondrial Proteins in Lymphocytes of Male Broilers with Low and High Feed Efficiency (2006)

Studies were conducted to investigate relationships between mitochondrial and extramitochondrial protein expression, and protein oxidation in lymphocytes obtained from broilers in which individual feed efficiencies were obtained. Lymphocytes were isolated from male broilers from a single line that were shown to exhibit either low (0.48 +/- 0.02, n = 8) or high (0.68 +/- 0.01, n = 7) feed efficiency (FE). Western blot analysis showed that, compared with lymphocytes from high FE broilers, lymphocytes from low FE broilers exhibited a) higher amounts of oxidized proteins (protein carbonyls), b) lower amounts of 3 mitochondrial proteins [core I, cyt c 1 (complex III), and ATP synthase (complex V)], and c) higher amounts of 2 proteins [30 S (complex II) and COX II (complex IV)]. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the intensities of 25 protein spots from pooled samples of lymphocytes from high and low FE broilers differed by 5-fold or more. Three of these protein spots were picked from the gel and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. One protein spot of ~33 kDa was tentatively identified by MALDI-TOF as a fragment of collapsin-2, a component of semaphorin 3D. The results of this study provide further evidence of increased oxidation associated with low FE and further evidence of differential protein expression associated with the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency.
Time‐Resolved UltravioletResonance Raman of ProteinStructural Changesin The KI‐IntermediateOf Bacteriorhodopsin (1999)

To obtain high quality time‐resolved ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectra of transient intermediates in the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle, we developed a new UVRR spectrometer. A home‐made F =3.5 prism prefilter was used in front of a 50 cm CCD detected spectrograph to give high throughput, wide tunability, and excellent stray light rejection along with low dispersion. Using this system, we obtained 239.5 nm excited time‐resolved UVRR spectra of BR which revealed small but significant features associated with the formation of the KL‐intermediate at 10 ns delays. This difference spectrum exhibits intensity decreases at 1624, 1561, 1012 and 763cm -1 due to an altered environment of one or more Trp residues and a frequency shift of the Tyr ʋ 8b band at 1602 cm -1 . These signals show that the photoisomerization of retinal from all‐trans to 13‐ cis induces significant changes in the structure and environment of aromatic residues that line the retinal binding pocket in only 10 ns.