gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multijunction Solar Cell Designs Using Silicon Bottom Subcell and Porous Silicon Compliant Membrane (2013)

A novel approach to the design of multijunction solar cells on silicon substrates for 1-sun applications is described. Models for device simulation, including porous silicon layers, are presented. A silicon bottom subcell is formed by diffusion of dopants into a silicon wafer. The top of the wafer is porosified to create a compliant layer, and a III-V buffer layer is then grown epitaxially, followed by middle and top subcells. Because of the resistivity of the porous material, these designs are best suited to high-efficiency 1-sun applications. Numerical simulations of a multijunction solar cell that incorporates a porous silicon-compliant membrane indicate an efficiency of 30.7% under AM1.5G, 1-sun for low-threading dislocation density, decreasing to 23.7% for a TDD of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> .
A novel ion trap that enables high duty cycle and wide m/z range on an orthogonal injection TOF mass spectrometer (2009)

Although TOF analyzers with orthogonal ion injection provide the whole spectrum without scanning, their duty cycle is low compared with scanning analyzers in single ion monitoring mode. Typical duty cycle is in the range of 5% to 30% depending on the instrument geometry and ion m/z value. We present here a novel trapping/releasing setup, which offers the duty cycle near 100% over a wide range. Operation in the mass range from m/z 120 to almost 2000 is demonstrated. Ions are trapped in a short linear ion trap at the end of the collision cell in an axial pseudopotential well created by additional rf ("AC") voltage applied to all four rods of the trap with the same amplitude and phase. The pseudopotential created by AC field is mass dependent, and by ramping down the AC voltage, ions can be released from the trap sequentially from high m/z to low, while all ions are gaining the same kinetic energy. Upon entering the TOF accelerator, ions with lower m/z catch up with heavier ions, and the AC ramp parameters can be selected to make all ions meet in the center of the TOF extraction region, resulting in sensitivity gains from 3 to 14 without loss of mass accuracy or resolution.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1 - 14, Tables 1 - 5 from Targeting Chromatin Regulators Inhibits Leukemogenic Gene Expression in <i>NPM1</i> Mutant Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. SURVEYOR assay assessing indel mutations of sgRNAs that target the N-HINGE-LOOP and the MBM-LBM locus. Supplementary Figure 2. Summary of negative selection experiments with sgRNAs targeting exons encoding specific MLL1 and MLL2 protein domains in a second independent OCI-AML3-Cas9 clone (OCI-AML3-Cas9-C8). Supplementary Figure 3. Dose responsive curves from cell viability assays of murine Npm1^CA/+ FIt3^ITD/+ after 7 days of MI-2-2 or MI-503 treatment and compared to MII-Af9 leukemia cells treated for 7 days with MI-503. Supplementary Figure 4. Apoptosis in OCI-AML3 cells treated for 7 days with MI-503 or DMSO as assessed by Annexin V / SYTOX blue staining. Supplementary Figure 5. Cytospins from cultured murine Npm1^CA/+ FIt3^ITD/+ comparing cells treated for 7 days with MI-503 versus DMSO. Supplementary Figure 6. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates from mice transplanted with secondary Npm1^CA/+ FIt3^ITD/+ leukemia cells (n=5 mice/group) and treated in vivo for ten consecutive days with either MI-503 or vehicle control. Supplementary Figure 7. Kaplan-Meier estimates of mice transplanted with secondary Npm1^CA/+ FIt3^ITD/+ leukemia cells (n=10 mice/group) that had been pretreated with either 10 days of EPS4777 [10 microM] or vehicle prior to transplantation. Supplementary Figure 8. Schematic of RNA sequencing detecting an MLL-AF6 fusion transcript in the DNMT3A mutated AML cell line OCI-AML2. Supplementary Figure 9. RNA sequencing of the OCI-AML2 cells reveals a HOX gene expression pattern as it is typically found in MLL-rearranged leukemias with predominant HOXA and MEIS1 expression but lack of HOXB cluster expression. Supplementary Figure 10. Isobolograms showing drug synergism for (A) MI-2-2 and EPZ4777 in the OCI-AML3 cells and (B) MI-503 and EPZ4777 in the murine Npm1^CA/+ FIt3^ITD/+ cells. Supplementary Figure 11. ChIP-PCR assessing RNA-Polymerase II enrichment after vehicle, single drug (MI-503 or EPZ4777) or combination treatment at the MEIS1 locus. Supplementary Figure 12. Cytologic analysis of human OCI-AML3 cells treated with DMSO, MI-2-2 (12 microM), EPZ4777 (10 microM), or combination therapy (MI-2-2 + EPZ4777). Supplementary Figure 13. Number of morphologically differentiated cells of two primary AML samples (ID1 and ID3) that had been treated in a human co-culture assay for 10 days with DMSO, EPZ4777, MI-503, or EPZ4777 and MI-503 (combo). Supplementary Figure 14. Engraftment of Npm1^CA/+ Rosa^SB/+ leukemia cells in the peripheral blood of tertiary recipient animals 22 days after transplantations. Supplementary Table 1. MLL1 single guide RNAs (sgRNA). Supplementary Table 2. MLL2 single guide RNAs. Supplementary Table 3. Synergy analysis of OCI-AML3 cells (day 7). Supplementary Table 4. Synergy analysis of Npm1^CA/+ FIt3^ITD/+ leukemias (day 11). Supplementary Table 5. Primary AML samples.&lt;/p&gt;
Channel equalizer performance analysis for Hybrid 3DTV in ATSC 3.0 standard (2016)

Recently, next generation broadcasting standardization has being conducted to transmit UHDTV contents. In this paper, an equalizer using least square estimation is designed and reception performance is analyzed for Hybrid 3DTV transceiver system. Equalizer structure for Hybrid 3DTV is designed by referring to ATSC 3.0 PHY layer. Hybrid 3DTV uses time division multiplexing for transmitting two physical layer pipes. The equalizer performance is simulated on Pedestrian Indoor channel which has long echoes. Simulation result shows that equalizer performance for Hybrid 3DTV is improved about 5 dB.
Microfluidic fabrication of cationic curcuminnanoparticles as an anti-cancer agent (2011)

Curcumin nanoparticles of less than 50 nm in diameter are accessible using a continuous flow microfluidic rotating tube processor (RTP) under scalable conditions, at room temperature. A mixture of DDAB and Pluronic F127 renders higher stability of the curcumin nanoparticles in physiological pH 7.4 for up to eight hours. The nanoparticles have enhanced cytotoxicity in estrogens receptor negative and positive breast cancer cell lines compared with free curcumin.
HB-EGF function in cardiac valve development requires interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (2010)

HB-EGF, a member of the EGF family of growth factors, plays an important role in cardiac valve development by suppressing mesenchymal cell proliferation. Here, we show that HB-EGF must interact with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to properly function in this process. In developing valves, HB-EGF is synthesized in endocardial cells but accumulates in the mesenchyme by interacting with HSPGs. Disrupting the interaction between HB-EGF and HSPGs in an ex vivo model of endocardial cushion explants resulted in increased mesenchymal cell proliferation. Moreover, homozygous knock-in mice (HB(Delta)(hb/)(Delta)(hb)) expressing a mutant HB-EGF that cannot bind to HSPGs developed enlarged cardiac valves with hyperproliferation of mesenchymal cells; this resulted in a phenotype that resembled that of Hbegf-null mice. Interestingly, although Hbegf-null mice had abnormal heart chambers and lung alveoli, HB(Delta)(hb/)(Delta)(hb) mice did not exhibit these defects. These results indicate that interactions with HSPGs are essential for the function of HB-EGF, especially in cardiac valve development, in which HB-EGF suppresses mesenchymal cell proliferation.
Kartenorientierte Isolierung des Rar1 Locus (1999)

The Mla12 allele of the barley-Mla locus confers resistance to powdery mildew isolates expressing the matching avirulence gene avrMla12. The Rar1 (Required for Mla12-specified resistance) locus has been found to be part of the Mla12-governed signal transduction pathway. Previous analysis has demonstrated that rar1-mutant alleles abolish not only Mla12 but also other R gene specificities. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of R-gene mediated plant defence Rar1 was isolated by map-based cloning. The Rar1-cosegregating marker MWG87 was employed for the identification of five barley YAC clones. Genetic mapping of the YACends showed that the corresponding clones cover the Rar1-containing genome segment. Two of the YAC clones were subcloned into BACs and a Rar1-cosegregating interval of 66kb was defined. Comparative sequencing of the two Rar1-mutants revealed mutations in a candidate gene within the 66kb genome segment. These data provide strong evidence that the candidate gene is in fact the Rar1-encoding locus. The Rar1 protein covers 233 amino acids and has two domains (CHORD) with significant intramolecular homology. These domains show also significant homology to zinc-finger motifs and are conserved most eukaryotic organisms.
Objective, comparative assessment of the penetration depth of temporal-focusing microscopy for imaging various organs (2015)

Temporal focusing is a technique for performing axially resolved widefield multiphoton microscopy with a large field of view. Despite significant advantages over conventional point-scanning multiphoton microscopy in terms of imaging speed, the need to collect the whole image simultaneously means that it is expected to achieve a lower penetration depth in common biological samples compared to point-scanning. We assess the penetration depth using a rigorous objective criterion based on the modulation transfer function, comparing it to point-scanning multiphoton microscopy. Measurements are performed in a variety of mouse organs in order to provide practical guidance as to the achievable penetration depth for both imaging techniques. It is found that two-photon scanning microscopy has approximately twice the penetration depth of temporal-focusing microscopy, and that penetration depth is organ-specific; the heart has the lowest penetration depth, followed by the liver, lungs, and kidneys, then the spleen, and finally white adipose tissue.
Smart grid load balancing techniques via simultaneous switch/tie-line/wire configurations (2014)

Fast changing power distribution systems request a dynamic system configuration capability of reacting to volatile consumption demands in an economical way. Load balancing in power distribution systems is an essential technique for smart grid that enables reliable electricity delivery to end customers. This paper is the first work focusing on load balancing using switch reconfiguration, tie-line addition, and wire upgrade simultaneously, while existing works adopt only one of the three techniques to configure the power distribution system. We observe that the new load balancing problem induces a new challenge, dynamic topology rotation, which cannot be handled by existing solutions. To overcome this challenge, we first consider bidirectional power flows and formulate the load balancing problem as a mixed-integer quadratically constrained quadratic program (MIQCQP). To reduce the computational complexity, it is further transformed into a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) without loss of optimality. Experimental results show that, on real power distribution networks, our approach produces optimal solutions that are unlikely to be found in ad-hoc heuristics methods.
The selection of the low frequency for radial modulation imaging at 20 MHz (2010)

Background: Radial modulation (RM) is a promising dual band approach for high frequency microbubble (MB) imaging. A low frequency (LF) ultrasound pulse is used to manipulate the MB radius while a synchronized high frequency (HF) pulse successively measures MB backscatter in compressed and expanded states. RM signal amplitude has been shown to increase with LF signal amplitude, but is ultimately limited by the infiltration of LF harmonics into the HF bandwidth at higher LF pressure. The ideal LF for maximizing RM signal remains controversial, and frequencies at and below resonance have been reported. This study was designed to investigate the modulation frequency and amplitude that maximize RM signal. Methods: Lipid-encapsulated perfluorocarbon MB (3.54 ± 1.76 μm) were circulated in a 6 mm diameter cellulose tube. A 20 MHz single element transducer was concentrically housed in the center of hollow 1 and 2.25 MHz transducers and the resulting confocal pressure fields were calibrated with a hydrophone. During insonation of the circulating MB, 50 independent HF line pairs were recorded while varying LF pressure from 0.02 to 0.4 mechanical index (MI). The RM signal was defined as the mean HF backscatter power difference between the low and high pressure phases of the modulating LF, normalized by the high pressure HF backscatter power. Radio-frequency signal and spectra were also analyzed for LF harmonics. Results: Simulation and experimental data for this MB suspension both predicted higher RM at resonance frequency for the same MI. However, our experimental data demonstrate that the RM reaches a 60% maximum that is the same for both frequencies and is reached at 0.1 <; MI <; 0.15. This plateau just precedes the appearance of LF harmonics in the HF bandwidth when MI >; 0.15. Also, we show that RM allows high resolution single MB specific imaging with very efficient tissue suppression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that a MI in the 0.1-0.15 range produced the same maximal RM amplitude in the studied MB population for both LF studied. LF harmonics were negligible at these pressure levels. These findings should help with the development of high frequency molecular imaging.
Pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for patients with relapsed lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (2017)

This phase 1/2 trial evaluated the maximum tolerated doses, safety, and efficacy of pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (PVD) combination in patients with relapsed lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (MM). In phase 1, dose level 1 consisted of pomalidomide (4 mg by mouth on days 1 to 21), IV or subcutaneous bortezomib (1.0 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on days 1, 8, 15, and 22), and dexamethasone (40 mg by mouth on days 1, 8, 15, and 22) given every 28 days. Bortezomib was increased to 1.3 mg/m<sup>2</sup> for dose level 2 and adopted in the phase 2 expansion cohort. We describe the results of 50 patients. Objective response rate was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73-94) among all evaluable patients (stringent complete response, 12%; complete response, 10%; very good partial response, 28%; and partial response, 36%) and 100% among high-risk patients. Within a median follow-up of 42 months, 20% remain progression free, 66% are alive, and 4% remain on treatment. Median progression-free survival was 13.7 months (95% CI, 9.6-17.7). The most common toxicities were neutropenia (96%), leukopenia (84%), thrombocytopenia (82%), anemia (74%), and fatigue (72%); however, the majority of these were grade 1 or 2. The most common grade ≥3 toxicities included neutropenia (70%), leukopenia (36%), and lymphopenia (20%). Deep vein thrombosis occurred in 5 patients. In conclusion, PVD is a highly effective combination in lenalidomide-refractory MM patients. Weekly administration of bortezomib enhanced tolerability and convenience. Toxicities are manageable, mostly consisting of mild cytopenias with no significant neuropathy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01212952.
End-Effector Acceleration Manipulability of Flexible Manipulators (2003)

In this paper, we discuss end-effector acceleration manipulability of flexible manipulators. We propose a nonstretch flexible beam model which is better to express real flexible beams than Euler-Bernoulli or Timoshenko beam. Based on this model, we have shown that a flexible beam has only one direction to transfer acceleration from driving force/torque on its proximal end. This is an intermediate characteristic between rigid body and elastic body. We have also found that conventional flexible' manipulators (with point joints) have no direct relation between proximal driving force/torque and distal acceleration. Then we have discussed a new construction with rigid flanges and found that the flexible manipulators with rigid flanges have a direct relation between proximal driving torque and distal acceleration in only one direction. We verified above numerical results by some experiments.
Tunable and Lightweight On-Chip Event Detection for Implantable Bladder Pressure Monitoring Devices (2017)

Lower urinary tract dysfunctions, such as urinary incontinence and overactive bladder, are conditions that greatly affect the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. For those with more complex pathophysiologies, diagnosis of these conditions often requires a urodynamics study, providing physicians with a snapshot view of bladder mechanics. Recent advancements in implantable bladder pressure monitors and advanced data analysis techniques have made diagnosis through chronic monitoring a promising prospect. However, implants targeted at treatment must remain in the bladder for long periods of time, making minimizing power consumption a primary design objective. Currently, much of the typical implant's power draw is due to data transmission. Previous work has demonstrated an adaptive rate transmission technique to reduce power consumption. However, the ultimate reduction in power consumption can only be attained when the device does not transmit bladder pressure samples, but rather bladder events. In this paper, we present an algorithm and circuit level implementation for on-chip bladder pressure data compression and event detection. It is designed to be a complete, tunable, and lightweight diagnosis and treatment framework for bladder pressure monitoring implants, capable of selectively transmitting compressed bladder pressure data with tunable quality, "snapshots" of significant bladder events, or simply indicate events occurred for the highest energy efficiency. The design aims to minimize area through resource reuse, leading to a total area of 1.75 , and employs advanced VLSI techniques for power reduction. With compression and event detection enabled, the design consumes roughly 2.6 nW in TSMC technology. With only event detection, this reduces to 2.1 nW, making this approach ideal for long-life implantable bladder pressure monitoring devices.
Biophysical Changes of Leukocyte Activation (and NETosis) in the Cellular Host Response to Sepsis (2023)

Sepsis, the leading cause of mortality in hospitals, currently lacks effective early diagnostics. A new cellular host response test, the IntelliSep test, may provide an indicator of the immune dysregulation characterizing sepsis. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between the measurements performed using this test and biological markers and processes associated with sepsis. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an agonist of neutrophils known to induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, was added to whole blood of healthy volunteers at concentrations of 0, 200, and 400 nM and then evaluated using the IntelliSep test. Separately, plasma from a cohort of subjects was segregated into Control and Diseased populations and tested for levels of NET components (citrullinated histone (cit-H3) DNA and neutrophil elastase (NE) DNA) using customized ELISA assays and correlated with ISI scores from the same patient samples. Significant increases in IntelliSep Index (ISI) scores were observed with increasing concentrations of PMA in healthy blood (0 and 200: <i>p</i> < 10<sup>-10</sup>; 0 and 400: <i>p</i> < 10<sup>-10</sup>). Linear correlation was observed between the ISI and quantities of NE DNA and Cit-H3 DNA in patient samples. Together these experiments demonstrate that the IntelliSep test is associated with the biological processes of leukocyte activation and NETosis and may indicate changes consistent with sepsis.
Path loss, delay spread, and outage models as functions of antenna height for microcellular system design (1994)

This paper presents results of wide-band path loss and delay spread measurements for five representative microcellular environments in the San Francisco Bay area at 1900 MHz. Measurements were made with a wide-band channel sounder using a 100-ns probing pulse. Base station antenna heights of 3.7 m, 8.5 m, and 13.3 m were tested with a mobile receiver antenna height of 1.7 m to emulate a typical microcellular scenario. The results presented in this paper provide insight into the statistical distributions of measured path loss by showing the validity of a double regression model with a break point at a distance that has first Fresnel zone clearance for line-of-sight topographies. The variation of delay spread as a function of path loss is also investigated, and a simple exponential overbound model is developed. The path loss and delay spread models are then applied to communication system design allowing outage probabilities, based on path loss or delay spread, to be estimated for a given microcell size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantification of graphene and graphene oxide in complex organic matrices (2014)

Interest is growing for graphene as a nanomaterial for electronic and composite applications.
Radical [3 + 2]-Annulation of Divinylcyclopropanes: Rapid Synthesis of Complex Meloscine Analogs (2013)

A radical [3 + 2]-divinylcyclopropane annulation cascade has been extended to encompass five D-ring variants of the meloscine/epimeloscine core structure. Representative ABCD tetracyclic intermediates were further elaborated with novel substituted E-rings through subsequent transformations of advanced intermediates that provided opportunities for late-stage variation of the B-ring (lactam) N-substituents which were also developed.
Immersive and Personalized Audio: A Practical System for Enabling Interchange, Distribution, and Delivery of Next-Generation Audio Experiences (2015)

Recent advances in cinema audio continue to bring more lifelike experiences to theater audiences. These advances are also driving a more global transformation and are poised to enable a richer experience in the living room and on the go. This paper proposes several practical methods that enable accessible, immersive, and personalized experiences from production through playback across broadcast, cable, satellite, internet protocol television, and over-the-top platforms.