gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mass-positioning of Nanodiamonds Using Squeegee Technique (2015)

Fluorescent color centers in diamond nanocrystals have recently become the focus of researchers because of their potential applications in quantum information processing, nano-sensing, biomarking, and bioimaging. One of the biggest challenges in working with nanodiamonds is how to position them precisely and efficiently to create strong interaction with nanoscale photonic structures. The most popular methods to position nanodiamonds are spin-coating and transporting via scanning probe microscope tip. On the one hand, spin-coating, where nanodiamonds are randomly located, is not precise; on the other hand, the tip-based technique, where a single nanodiamond is picked and dropped, is tedious and time-consuming. Hence, we suggest a squeegee technique for mass-positioning nanodiamonds relatively precise and fast. We fabricated nanohole arrays in a 100-nm-thick silver film using electron beam and focused-ion-beam lithography techniques. In the scope of study, we found that the optimal nanohole diameter is 125nm. The proposed method for positioning nanodiamonds consists of two stages. First, we located the nanocrystals by sweeping with cleanroom wipers a droplet of a highly concentrated aqueous suspension of nanodiamonds on the fabricated nanohole arrays. Second, nanodiamonds lying outside the nanoholes are washed away by sweeping a water droplet. In order to prove the quality of the technique, we have studied the hole filling ratio using scanning electron microscopy. Our analysis showed that the filling probability is close to 100%. This technique can potentially facilitate our further experiments where nanodiamonds are coupled to nanophotonic structures.
Putting Linguistics into Speech Recognition (2006)

High-performance spoken dialogue interfaces typically use a spoken command grammar, which defines what the user can say when talking to the system. For complex applications, implementation and maintenance of this grammar is a major task requiring specialised expertise in computational linguistics and software engineering. The resulting grammars are difficult to maintain, and do not port easily to new domains. Regulus is an Open Source toolkit for construction of spoken command grammars, which has been developed since 2001 by a consortium whose main partners have been NASA Ames, the University of Geneva, and Fluency Voice Technology. Grammar development with Regulus is carried out using example-based methods and reusable grammar resources, which reduces the level of expertise needed and makes the process more automated. The Regulus approach is effective for building command grammars even at initial stages of a project when there may be little or no domain data available. Regulus has been used to build command grammars for several major projects. Among these are NASA's Clarissa, which in 2005 became the first spoken dialogue system to be deployed in space, and MedSLT, an Open Source medical speech translator developed at Geneva University. This book presents a complete description of both the practical and theoretical aspects of Regulus, including several example applications which can be downloaded from the companion website.
THE EFFECT OF RESIDUAL POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) ON BIOPHYSICAL INTERACTION OF NANOPARTICLES WITH ENDOTHELIAL CELL MODEL MEMBRANE (2011)

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is commonly used as an emulsifier in the formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) comprising poly DL-lactide co-glycolide and polylactide-based biodegradable polymers for drug and gene delivery applications. A fraction of PVA remains associated with the NPs at the interface despite their repeated washing (residual PVA). We hypothesize that this residual PVA influences the interfacial properties of NPs and hence their biophysical interactions with membrane lipids. In this study, we formulated NPs using PVA of different molecular weights to determine the effects of the residual PVA on biophysical interactions of the formulated NPs with the endothelial cell model membrane using a Langmuir balance. Despite similar physical properties (particle size and zeta potential), NPs formulated with different PVA demonstrated significant variations in their intrinsic surface properties and biophysical interactions with the model membrane. This was evident from the difference in the surface pressure–area (π–A) isotherms prepared in the presence of different formulations of NPs and the change in surface pressure of the model membrane following interaction with NPs. The variation in the biophysical properties was observed even with the NPs formulated using the same molecular weight PVA but obtained from different lots. Since the interfacial properties of NPs can significantly influence NP interactions with cells and tissue, their biophysical characterization could prove to be an important parameter not only to obtain consistent results with NPs but also to optimize their properties for drug/gene delivery applications.
Clarifying intact 3D tissues on a microfluidic chip for high-throughput structural analysis (2016)

On-chip imaging of intact three-dimensional tissues within microfluidic devices is fundamentally hindered by intratissue optical scattering, which impedes their use as tissue models for high-throughput screening assays. Here, we engineered a microfluidic system that preserves and converts tissues into optically transparent structures in less than 1 d, which is 20× faster than current passive clearing approaches. Accelerated clearing was achieved because the microfluidic system enhanced the exchange of interstitial fluids by 567-fold, which increased the rate of removal of optically scattering lipid molecules from the cross-linked tissue. Our enhanced clearing process allowed us to fluorescently image and map the segregation and compartmentalization of different cells during the formation of tumor spheroids, and to track the degradation of vasculature over time within extracted murine pancreatic islets in static culture, which may have implications on the efficacy of beta-cell transplantation treatments for type 1 diabetes. We further developed an image analysis algorithm that automates the analysis of the vasculature connectivity, volume, and cellular spatial distribution of the intact tissue. Our technique allows whole tissue analysis in microfluidic systems, and has implications in the development of organ-on-a-chip systems, high-throughput drug screening devices, and in regenerative medicine.
It Is Not Easy To Detect Paraphrases: Analysing Semantic Similarity With Antonyms and Negation Using the New SemAntoNeg Benchmark (2022)

We investigate to what extent a hundred publicly available, popular neural language models capture meaning systematically. Sentence embeddings obtained from pretrained or fine-tuned language models can be used to perform particular tasks, such as paraphrase detection, semantic textual similarity assessment or natural language inference. Common to all of these tasks is that paraphrastic sentences, that is, sentences that carry (nearly) the same meaning, should have (nearly) the same embeddings regardless of surface form.We demonstrate that performance varies greatly across different language models when a specific type of meaning-preserving transformation is applied: two sentences should be identified as paraphrastic if one of them contains a negated antonym in relation to the other one, such as “I am not guilty” versus “I am innocent”.We introduce and release SemAntoNeg, a new test suite containing 3152 entries for probing paraphrasticity in sentences incorporating negation and antonyms. Among other things, we show that language models fine-tuned for natural language inference outperform other types of models, especially the ones fine-tuned to produce general-purpose sentence embeddings, on the test suite. Furthermore, we show that most models designed explicitly for paraphrasing are rather mediocre in our task.
Performance improvement of polymer light emitting diodes by insertion of a silane layer (2007)

Abstract The influence of a silane layer on the performances of polymer light emitting diode(PLED)s has been studied. Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane(GPS) with an epoxy functional group was used as a surface modifier for ITO substrates. The GPS layer was inserted between an ITO and a poly(3,4)‐ethylenedioxythiophene/polystyrenesulfonate(PEDOT) by wet process and the performances of PLEDs were investigated. The introduction of GPS layer increased the brightness and efficiency of PLEDs by 30%. In addition, the lifetime of PLEDs was also improved considerably by using GPS as a surface modifier.
Magnetically Actuated Fiber‐Based Soft Robots (2023)

Broad adoption of magnetic soft robotics is hampered by the sophisticated field paradigms for their manipulation and the complexities in controlling multiple devices. Furthermore, high-throughput fabrication of such devices across spatial scales remains challenging. Here, advances in fiber-based actuators and magnetic elastomer composites are leveraged to create 3D magnetic soft robots controlled by unidirectional fields. Thermally drawn elastomeric fibers are instrumented with a magnetic composite synthesized to withstand strains exceeding 600%. A combination of strain and magnetization engineering in these fibers enables programming of 3D robots capable of crawling or walking in magnetic fields orthogonal to the plane of motion. Magnetic robots act as cargo carriers, and multiple robots can be controlled simultaneously and in opposing directions using a single stationary electromagnet. The scalable approach to fabrication and control of magnetic soft robots invites their future applications in constrained environments where complex fields cannot be readily deployed.
Silence-Based Communication (2010)

Communication complexity - the minimum amount of communication required - for computing a function of data held by several parties is studied. A communication model where silence is used to convey information is introduced. For this model the worst case and average-case complexities of symmetric functions are studied. For binary-input functions the average- and worst case complexities are determined and the protocols achieving them are described. For functions of nonbinary inputs one-round communication, where each party is restricted to communicate in consecutive stages, is considered and the extra amount of communication required by one- over multiple-round communication is analyzed. For the special case of ternary-input functions close lower and upper bounds on the worst case one-round complexity are provided and protocols achieving them are described. Protocols achieving the average-case one-round complexity for ternary-input functions are also described. These protocols can be generalized to inputs of arbitrary size.
Nuclear Factor-Y is an adipogenic factor that regulates leptin gene expression (2015)

These studies advance our understanding of leptin gene expression and show that NF-Y controls the expression of leptin and other adipocyte genes and identifies a new form of lipodystrophy.
Model-Based Subspace Projection Beamforming for Deep Interference Nulling (2011)

This paper considers the problem of adaptive array processing for interference canceling to drive very deep nulls in difficult signal environments. In many practical scenarios, the achievable null depth is limited by covariance matrix estimation error leading to poor identification of the interference subspace. We address the particularly troublesome cases of low interference-to-noise ratio (INR), relatively rapid interference motion, and correlated noise across the receiving array. A polynomial-based model is incorporated in the proposed algorithm to track changes in the array covariance matrix over time, mitigate interference subspace estimation errors, and improve canceler performance. The application of phased array feeds for radio astronomical telescopes is used to illustrate the problem and proposed solution. Here even weak residual interference after cancellation may obscure a signal of interest, so very deep beampattern nulls are required. Performance for conventional subspace projection (SP) is compared with polynomial-augmented SP using simulated and real experimental data, showing null-depth improvement of 6 to 30 dB.
Design of Many-Core Big Little µBrains for Energy-Efficient Embedded Neuromorphic Computing (2022)

As spiking-based deep learning inference applications are increasing in embedded systems, these systems tend to integrate neuromorphic accelerators such as µBrain to improve energy efficiency. We propose a µBrain-based scalable many-core neuromorphic hardware design to accelerate the computations of spiking deep convolutional neural networks (SDCNNs). To increase energy efficiency, cores are designed to be heterogeneous in terms of their neuron and synapse capacity (i.e., big vs. little cores), and they are interconnected using a parallel segmented bus interconnect, which leads to lower latency and energy compared to a traditional mesh-based Network-on-Chip (NoC). We propose a system software framework called SentryOS to map SDCNN inference applications to the proposed design. SentryOS consists of a compiler and a run-time manager. The compiler compiles an SDCNN application into sub-networks by exploiting the internal architecture of big and little µBrain cores. The run-time manager schedules these sub-networks onto cores and pipeline their execution to improve throughput. We evaluate the proposed big little many-core neuromorphic design and the system software framework with five commonly-used SDCNN inference applications and show that the proposed solution reduces energy (between 37% and 98%), reduces latency (between 9% and 25%), and increases application throughput (between 20% and 36%). We also show that SentryOS can be easily extended for other spiking neuromorphic accelerators such as Loihi and DYNAPs.
Monoclonal Antibody RYSK173 Recognizes the Dinuclear Zn Center of Serum Carnosinase 1 (CN-1): Possible Consequences of Zn Binding for CN-1 Recognition by RYSK173 (2016)

Our study clearly indicates that RYSK173 recognizes a sequence within the transition metal binding site of CN-1, thus supporting our hypothesis that metal binding to CN-1 masks the epitope. The CN-1 RYSK173 proportion appears overall increased in ESRD patients, yet it decreases during hemodialysis possibly as a consequence of a relative increase in transition metal bound enzyme.
LoLa4SOR: Leveraging Successive Transmissions for Low-Latency Buffer-Aided Opportunistic Relay Networks (2021)

Buffer-aided (BA) relaying improves the diversity of cooperative networks often at the cost of increasing end-to-end packet delays. This characteristic renders BA relaying unsuitable for delay-sensitive applications. However, the increased diversity makes BA relaying appealing for ultra-reliable communications. Towards enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), we aim at enhancing BA relaying for supporting delay-sensitive applications. In this paper, reliable full-duplex (FD) network operation is targeted and for this purpose, hybrid relay selection algorithms are formulated, combining BA successive relaying (SuR) and delay- and diversity-aware (DDA) half-duplex (HD) algorithms. In this context, a hybrid FD DDA algorithm is presented, namely LoLa4SOR, switching between SuR and HD operation. Additionally, a low-complexity distributed version is given, namely d-LoLa4SOR, providing a trade-off among channel state information requirements and performance. The theoretical analysis shows that the diversity of LoLa4SOR equals to two times the number of available relays K, i.e., 2K, when the buffer size L is greater than or equal to 3. Comparisons with other HD, SuR and hybrid algorithms reveal that LoLa4SOR offers superior outage and throughput performance while, the average delay is reduced due to SuR-based FD operation and the consideration of buffer state information for relay-pair selection. d-LoLa4SOR, as one of the few distributed algorithms in the literature, has a reasonable performance that makes it a more practical approach.
231 The role of bradykinin in renal hemodynamics (1993)

(Division of Nephrology, Klinikum Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer, 6800 Mannheim, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, INF 366, 6900 Heidelberg, Germany)
Raman Spectroscopy of Single PDT Treated Cells (2006)

Raman spectra were obtained from single mouse tumor cells before and after treatment with photodynamic therapy. We are presently investigating pure chemicals to illuminate differences observed in the spectra of whole cells.
Low insertion loss, graphene-based platform for loss modulation (2022)

We show low insertion loss platform based on loss modulation of hybrid SiN/graphene structure. We measure an intrinsic quality factor of 80,000 in a ring resonator based device when the graphene is in its high loss state.
Composition tunable inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites microstructures synthesized by single and two-step chemical vapor deposition methods (2019)

High quality all inorganic metal halide CsPb(Cl, Br, I) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> with emissions covering from blue to red (415 to 710 nm) were grown using a two-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. CsPbCl3(1-x)Br3x(CsPbBr3(1-x)I3x) alloys were formed first by depositing square like microplates ( ~ 5-25 μ m) of CsPbCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> followed by the growth of a top layer of CsPbBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (CsPbI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ,) for different deposition time. Photoluminescence studies with front and back illumination revealed that complete interdiffusion of the halide ions occurs during the growth of the second layer. Structural, chemical and optical properties of these alloy were directly compared to those grown by a single step CVD method with emphasis on their crystalline quality, composition uniformity and stability. In this new two-step CVD process the composition of the alloys can be easily controlled by the thickness of the individual layer and only optimization of the growth of the individual halide materials is required. This offers a simple, reproducible route to realize high quality inorganic halide perovskite alloys by avoiding the tedious process optimization for different alloy composition.
Mobility of oxygen vacancy in SrTiO3 and its implications for oxygen-migration-based resistance switching (2011)

Capacitance−voltage characteristics of high quality Pt Schottky diodes fabricated on oxygen-vacancy-doped SrTiO3 single crystals were used to obtain the oxygen vacancy profiles within one microns of the Pt interface. Computer simulations based on solving the drift-diffusion equations for electrons and ionized vacancies were performed to understand the experimentally observed oxygen vacancy profile’s time-evolution at room temperature and 0 V applied bias. Building upon this understanding, the diode’s room temperature profile evolution under −35 V applied bias was analyzed to yield a vacancy mobility value of 1.5 × 10−13 cm2/V·s at an electric field of 500 kV/cm. This mobility is 8 orders of magnitude too low to produce nanosecond resistance switching in thin film devices. The applicability of the results to oxygen-migration-based resistance switching is discussed relative to recent observations and modeling.
Topics in Authentication Theory (1997)

Authentication theory deals with problems connected with the protection of information sent over insecure channels. This thesis concerns different problems in authentication theory. In particular, we consider unconditionally secure authentication, i.e., providing authentication protection agains an enemy equipped with unlimited computing power. Several topics in authentication theory are treated: random authentication coding, multiround authentication, group authentication, anonymous secret sharing, and fast MACs. Random authentication encoding constructions are investigated. Expressions for the probability of a successful attack are given. We give an expression for the asymptotic behaviour of the key size of the random construction as a function of the message size. We provide some experimental data. Unconditionally secure multiround authentication schemes are treated. We define a multiround authentication model and show how to calculate the probability of a successful attack for this model. A multiround scheme constructed by Gemmell and Naor is cryptanalysed. We propose new multiround constructions for a 3-round protocol and for a protocol with an arbitrary number of rounds. A new upper bound on the key size is given. We define an authentication model for shared generation of an authenticator among a set of participants, called group authentication. Expressions for the probability of a successful attack for this model are given. We derive information theoretic lower bounds for the probability of a successful attack. Linear schemes are investigated and constructions based on codes for the rank metric are given. We give definitions of anonymous secret sharing schemes. Two different anonymity levels are used, called anonymous and strongly anonymous. Using the new definitions, threshold schemes and general access structures are investigated. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a strongly anonymous secret sharing scheme is given. We investigate how a MAC can be calculated fast in software. Two different approaches are used: one that uses polynomial evaluation over a finite field and one tha uses random polynomial residue class codes. The binary complexity of the two suggested procedures is calculated. Examples of constructions are given.
The Petawatt Field Synthesizer: A new Approach to Ultrahigh Field Generation (2008)

The Petawatt Field Synthesizer (PFS) at MPQ will deliver few-cycle pulses at Petawatt power. Short-pulse OPCPA and a diode-pumped, CPA Yb:YAG pump laser are key technologies, and results of the ongoing development will be presented.
Multi-center phase II trial of bortezomib and rituximab maintenance combination therapy in patients with mantle cell lymphoma after consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01267812 , registered Dec 29, 2010.
Front Cover: Lignin for Nano‐ and Microscaled Carrier Systems: Applications, Trends, and Challenges (ChemSusChem 10/2019) (2019)

The Front Cover shows versatility of lignin as a material towards fabrication of carrier systems for active ingredients in nanomedicine, agricultural chemistry, and biocatalysis. In this critical review, Mika H. Sipponen and co-workers discuss 180 articles on the recent advancements and future opportunities for lignin-based nano- and microscaled carrier systems. The authors particularly assess the state-of-the-art related to regulation and biocompatibility at the biological interface, while also discussing the associated technical challenges. This Review indicates that lignin-based materials hold exciting opportunities for a broad range of applications. While many of the cited studies have found lignins to be biocompatible, more studies are needed to assess the safety of lignin-based carrier systems to facilitate establishment of the regulatory landscape for applications concerning environment and human health. More information can be found in the Review by Sipponen et al. on page 2039 in Issue 10, 2019 (DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900480).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Acyclic cis‐Azobenzene Without Light. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.