gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Educational Experiences and Preparedness in Dental Anesthesia: Five‐Year Outcome Assessment and Conclusions (2009)

A mail survey of 2003-07 dental school graduates was undertaken by the Department of Anesthesiology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the predoctoral curriculum in anesthesia and to determine the preparedness of practicing dentists to provide anesthesia services for their dental patients. Subsets of the survey responses were created to specifically evaluate the effectiveness of an advanced selective program in sedation offered to approximately twenty third- and fourth-year predoctoral students. This fourteen-month Anesthesia Selective Program provides advanced didactic instruction and clinical experiences needed to establish competence in minimal to moderate sedation. Overall, graduates reported being best prepared in assessment of medical histories, physiology, and pharmacology, while being least prepared in oral sedation, intravenous sedation, and general anesthesia. For graduates currently in general practice, those who had participated in the Anesthesia Selective Program reported being better prepared in most subjects relating to anesthesia and patient care. Participants in the selective were also more likely to treat special needs patients in their private practices. Respondents' written comments indicated a desire for a greater number of clinical experiences involving sedation procedures within the predoctoral curriculum. This outcome assessment indicated that a greater emphasis should be placed on instruction and training experiences for enteral sedation within the predoctoral dental curriculum. Advanced training and increased clinical experiences in anesthesia may also be an effective means to better prepare graduates to assess medical histories, to manage medical emergencies, and to be willing to treat medically complex patients as well as patients with special health care needs.
On the Equilibrium Dynamics of Demand Response in Thermostatic Loads (2011)

Demand response is expected to play a crucial role in many aspects of "smart grid" technologies being examined in recently undertaken demonstration projects. The behavior of load as it is affected by load control strategies is key to understanding the degree to which various classes of end-use load can contribute to demand response programs at various times. This paper examines a simple case in an effort to illustrate how subtle changes in the consumer behavior that drives demand can have dramatic impacts on the diversity of load and consequently the effectiveness of demand response programs. The example studied here uses electric water heaters to illustrate not only the complexity of the problem, but also the significance of the effect. This example can be readily extended to other end-use devices, such as air-conditioners, heat pumps, and electric vehicle chargers.
Effect of Graded Levels of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Seeds on the Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, and Intestinal Histomorphology of Broiler Chickens (2022)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fenugreek seeds (FS) as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. In the first experiment, one-day-old Ross (n = 160) straight-run broilers were fed FS at 0 g, 2.5 g, 5 g, and 10 g/kg of diet during the starter (from 1 to 21 days) and finisher phase (from 22 to 35 days) with four replicates of ten birds each. In the second experiment, one-day-old Ross (n = 144) male broilers were fed 0 g, 5 g, and 10 g FS per kilogram of diet during the starter (from 1 to 21 days) and finisher phase (from 22 to 42 days) with six replicates of eight birds each. In addition to growth performance, hematological parameters and intestinal histomorphology were measured in the second experiment. FS linearly reduced the body weight gain (BWG) (p < 0.001), feed intake (FI) (p < 0.05), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05) during the starter phase in both experiments. However, no significant effects on BWG, FI, and FCR were observed during the finisher phase. Moreover, the overall BWG and FI were linearly reduced (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of FS, but BWG and FI were similar in the 5 g/kg FS group and control group. The inclusion of FS had a linear increase in white blood cell (WBC), heterophil, and lymphocyte count (p < 0.005) and the decrease in hematocrit % (p = 0.004) and total bilirubin (p = 0.001). The villus height and villus height: crypt depth ratio of jejunum and ileum were significantly lower in 5 g FS and 10 g FS treatments (p < 0.001) compared to the control. The result indicates that the dietary inclusion of FS reduces the early growth performance, increases the WBC counts, and negatively affects the intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.
Sensitivity enhancement of optical receivers by impulsive coding (1999)

A theory for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of optical direct-detection receivers employing return-to-zero (RZ) coding (and possibly optical preamplification) is developed. The results are valid for both signal-independent noise limited and signal-dependent noise limited receivers, as well as for arbitrary optical pulse shapes and receiver filter characteristics. Even if the same receiver bandwidth is used, RZ coding is seen to perform better than nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) coding. Asymptotic expressions for the SNR in case of very high and very low receiver bandwidths show that the full sensitivity enhancement potential of RZ coding is exhausted at fairly moderate duty cycles. A realistic example taking into account intersymbol interference (ISI) shows that a receiver sensitivity gain (compared to NRZ coding) of, e.g., 3.2 dB can be obtained in a signal-independent noise limited receiver with a bandwidth of 80% of the data rate, using a duty cycle of three.
ChemInform Abstract: Improvement of TADDOLate‐TiCl2‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Nitrone Cycloaddition Reactions by Substitution of the Oxazolidinone Auxiliary of the Alkene with Succinimide. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrical Characterization and Charge Transport in Chemically Exfoliated 2D LixCoO2 Nanoflakes (2020)

Transition metal oxides often possess complex interactions between charge, spin, lattice, and orbital degrees of freedom, resulting in correlated electronic and magnetic phases. LixCoO2, one of the most commonly used cathode choices in rechargeable batteries, is a prime example of this, evidencing numerous correlated effects evolving as a function of lithium content (x). Due to the strong electrostatic forces that govern the layered nature of this material, however, most investigations of these behaviors have been on bulk forms (>0.1 mm). In the two-dimensional (2D) limit, correlated effects are more easily tuned and studied; therefore, it is of fundamental importance to develop an experimental basis for investigation. Herein, a two-step process is utilized to chemically delithiate and exfoliate LiCoO2 single crystals and study nanoflakes 10–60 nm thick, with 0.37 < x < 0.8. An initial electrical characterization of this new form reflects bulk conduction properties, verifying the reliability of this new technique: temperature-dependent resistance measurements indicate an insulating 2D variable ranging hopping conduction for samples of x > 0.75, and metallic characteristics with a finite residual conductance for x < 0.75. However, these thin flakes also exhibit correlated characteristics less commonly observed and understood in LixCoO2. An energy barrier upon contact formation is observed for all conditions, independent of lithium concentration and electrode work function, suggesting enhanced correlated effects due to reduced dimensionality. Additionally, charge-ordering phenomena in the temperature-dependent resistance occur under specific preparation conditions. These anomalies are markedly larger in magnitude than previous accounts in bulk systems and are also found in low lithium ranges of x < 0.5, matching theoretical predictions not commonly observed experimentally. This work utilizes a new approach to gain insight behind the complex transport phenomena inherent in LixCoO2, providing a new opportunity to understand these correlated effects using a 2D, single-crystal form.
Positioning and Location-Aware Communications for Modern Railways with 5G New Radio (2019)

Providing high-capacity radio connectivity for high-speed trains (HSTs) is one of the most important use cases of emerging fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) networks. In this article, we show that 5G NR technology can also facilitate high-accuracy continuous localization and tracking of HSTs. Furthermore, we describe and demonstrate how the NR network can utilize the continuous location information for efficient beam management and beamforming, as well as for downlink Doppler precompensation in the single-frequency network context. Additionally, with particular focus on millimeter-wave networks, novel concepts for low-latency inter-carrier interference (ICI) estimation and compensation, due to residual Doppler and oscillator phase noise, are described and demonstrated. The provided numerical results at 30 GHz operating band show that sub-meter positioning and sub-degree beam direction accuracies can be obtained with very high probabilities on the order of 95-99 percent. The results also show that the described Doppler precompensation and ICI estimation and cancellation methods substantially improve the throughput of the single-frequency HST network.
Neuropathologic Changes in Sudden Unexplained Death in Childhood (2020)

Sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) affects children >1-year-old whose cause of death remains unexplained following comprehensive case investigation and is often associated with hippocampal abnormalities. We prospectively performed systematic neuropathologic investigation in 20 SUDC cases, including (i) autopsy data and comprehensive ancillary testing, including molecular studies, (ii) ex vivo 3T MRI and extensive histologic brain samples, and (iii) blinded neuropathology review by 2 board-certified neuropathologists. There were 12 girls and 8 boys; median age at death was 33.3 months. Twelve had a history of febrile seizures, 85% died during apparent sleep and 80% in prone position. Molecular testing possibly explained 3 deaths and identified genetic mutations in TNNI3, RYR2, and multiple chromosomal aberrations. Hippocampal abnormalities most often affected the dentate gyrus (altered thickness, irregular configuration, and focal lack of granule cells), and had highest concordance between reviewers. Findings were identified with similar frequencies in cases with and without molecular findings. Number of seizures did not correlate with hippocampal findings. Hippocampal alterations were the most common finding on histological review but were also found in possibly explained deaths. The significance and specificity of hippocampal findings is unclear as they may result from seizures, contribute to seizure pathogenesis, or be an unrelated phenomenon.
A Selective G-Quadruplex DNA-Stabilizing Ligand Based on a Cyclic Naphthalene Diimide Derivative (2015)

A cyclic naphthalene diimide (cyclic NDI, 1), carrying a benzene moiety as linker chain, was synthesized and its interaction with G-quadruplex DNAs of a-core and a-coreTT as a human telomeric DNA, c-kit and c-myc as DNA sequence at promoter region, or thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) studied based on UV-VIS and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques, thermal melting temperature measurement, and FRET-melting assay. The circular dichroism spectra showed that 1 induced the formation of different types of G-quadruplex DNA structure. Compound 1 bound to these G-quadruplexes with affinities in the range of 106-107 M-1 order and a 2:1 stoichiometry. Compound 1 showed 270-fold higher selectivity for a-core than dsDNA with a preferable a-core binding than a-coreTT, c-kit, c-myc and TBA in the presence of K+, which is supported by thermal melting studies. The FRET-melting assay also showed that 1 bound preferentially to human telomeric DNA. Compound 1 showed potent inhibition against telomerase activity with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM and preferable binding to G-quadruplexes DNA than our previously published cyclic NDI derivative 3 carrying a benzene moiety as longer linker chain.
Measuring reversible photomechanical switching rates for a molecule at a surface (2008)

We have used single-molecule-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy to measure the photomechanical switching rates of azobenzene-derived molecules at a gold surface during exposure to UV and visible light. This enables the direct determination of both the forward and reverse photoswitching cross sections for surface-mounted molecules at different wavelengths. In a dramatic departure from molecular behavior in solution-based environments, visible light does not efficiently reverse the reaction for azobenzene-derived molecules at a gold surface.
A 3.0 Gb/s/pin 4th generation F-chip with Toggle 5.0 Specification for 16Tb NAND Flash Memory Multi chip Package (2023)

A 1.2 V, 3.0 Gb/s/pin 16Tb NAND flash memory package with proposed 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation F-chip is presented. It is implemented with self-training techniques such as hybrid delay locked loop (DLL) and 3-step duty cycle correction (DCC) to overcome the speed bottlenecks in F-chip to NAND interface. Also, its multi-termination feature improves power efficiency by providing the use of different terminations on its interfaces. This work achieves an I/O speed of 3.0 Gb/s and power consumption of 58mW which are an improvement of 66% and 23.3%, respectively, in comparison with 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> generation F-chip.
Long-Term Clinical Protection from Falciparum Malaria Is Strongly Associated with IgG3 Antibodies to Merozoite Surface Protein 3 (2007)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Surrogate markers of protective immunity to malaria in humans are needed to rationalize malaria vaccine discovery and development. In an effort to identify such markers, and thereby provide a clue to the complex equation malaria vaccine development is facing, we investigated the relationship between protection acquired through exposure in the field with naturally occurring immune responses (i.e., induced by the parasite) to molecules that are considered as valuable vaccine candidates.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Methods and Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We analyzed, under comparative conditions, the antibody responses of each of six isotypes to five leading malaria vaccine candidates in relation to protection acquired by exposure to natural challenges in 217 of the 247 inhabitants of the African village of Dielmo, Senegal (96 children and 121 older adolescents and adults). The status of susceptibility or resistance to malaria was determined by active case detection performed daily by medical doctors over 6 y from a unique follow&lt;b&gt;-&lt;/b&gt;up study of this village. Of the 30 immune responses measured, only one, antibodies of the IgG3 isotype directed to merozoite surface protein 3 (MSP3), was strongly associated with clinical protection against malaria in all age groups, i.e., independently of age. This immunological parameter had a higher statistical significance than the sickle cell trait, the strongest factor of protection known against Plasmodium falciparum. A single determination of antibody was significantly associated with the clinical outcome over six consecutive years in children submitted to massive natural parasite challenges by mosquitoes (over three parasite inoculations per week). Finally, the target epitopes of these antibodies were found to be fully conserved.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since anti-MSP3 IgG3 antibodies can naturally develop along with protection against P. falciparum infection in young children, our results provide the encouraging indication that these antibodies should be possible to elicit by vaccination early in life. Since these antibodies have been found to achieve parasite killing under in vitro and in vivo conditions, and since they can be readily elicited by immunisation in naïve volunteers, our immunoepidemiological findings support the further development of MSP3-based vaccine formulations.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Anchor-based proximity measures (2007)

We present a family of measures of proximity of an arbitrary node in a directed graph to a pre-specified subset of nodes, called the anchor. Our measures are based on three different propagation schemesand two different uses of the connectivity structure of the graph. We consider a web-specific application of the above measures with two disjoint anchors - good and bad web pages - and study the accuracy of these measures in this context.
High resolution atomic force microscopy imaging of molecular self assembly in liquids using thermal drift corrected cantilevers (2009)

We report on high resolution imaging of self assembled monolayers using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous environment using thermal drift corrected cantilevers. Thermal drift of the AFM probes limit the possibilities of experiments that are designed to resolve single macromolecule dynamics in aqueous conditions. We present a method of minimizing the thermal drift of the AFM cantilevers under aqueous conditions, thus paving way for getting high resolution images of molecular self assembly. This methodology, which is based on a very high resolution silicon probe attached to silicon cantilever, low-force touch due to tapping mode at each pixel in the AFM field, enables the high resolution nondestructive imaging with minimal thermal drift.
BLOCK THE COMMON γ CHAIN OF CYTOKINE RECEPTORS INDUCES PERMANENT ALLOGRAFT TOLERANCE (1999)

58 T cell growth factors (i.e. IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15) are remarkably redundant in promoting acute allograft rejection due to at least in part the shared key receptor component. Indeed, the receptors for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 use the same IL-2 receptor γc chain as a critical signaling component. Hence targeting individual TCGFs has failed to induce allograft tolerance. In the present study, we examined the role of the γc chain signals in TCGF stimulated cell proliferation in vitro and rejection of islet allografts in vivo. Block the γc chain using noncytolytic mAbs (4G3/ 3E12) markedly inhibited IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-15 stimulated cell proliferation in vitro and promoted apoptotic cell death of responding cells due to marked downregulation of bcl-2. Crude DBA/ 2J (H-2d) islet allografts were then transplanted under the renal capsule into chemically induced diabetic B6AF1 (H-2b/ d.k) recipients treated with anti-γc chain mAbs or isotype control antibody on post transplant days 0, 1, 3, 7 (0.5mg/ day/ injection). Control Ab treated mice rejected the islet allograft with a MST of 17 days (n=6). In contrast, all anti-γc treated mice experienced prolonged engraftment (MST>150 days, n=8). Removal of the primary islet allografts 150 day after transplantation led to rapid hyperglycemia and the diabetic mice accepted a second DBA/ 2J islet allograft without any immunosuppression. Furthermore systemic administration of high doses of a long lived form of IL-2 to tolerized recipient mice failed to provoke allograft rejection, suggesting a state of stable allograft tolerance. Our data suggest that targeting the common γc chain of TCGF receptors may have important therapeutic potential in the clinic.
Demo (2015)

We describe Tethys, an energy-harvesting wireless water flow sensor that can monitor water use at a per-fixture level with the intention of associating water use with specific individuals. Tethys was motivated by recent efforts at Stanford University to reduce water use due to the California drought. Understanding how the university population uses water at per-person level can greatly influence policies and conservation approaches. Tethys uses Bluetooth Smart to both identify individuals as well as asynchronously upload data to the cloud for later analysis. We describe two challenges encountered in deploying Tethys: energy harvesting design and the mechanical considerations for high-pressure water at high temperatures.
Probing free-carrier recombination in silicon strip nano-waveguides (2018)

We analyze recombination dynamics of photo-generated free-carriers in strip silicon nanowaveguides, revealing a highly nonlinear decay dynamics with a time-dependent lifetime ranging from ~800 ps at the beginning to ~300 ns at the end of the decay.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Genetic Mutation of p53 and Suppression of the miR-17∼92 Cluster Are Synthetic Lethal in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer due to Upregulation of Vitamin D Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Activity of miR-92a related inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;
Multifunction intravascular ultrasound for microbubble based drug delivery (2012)

A compact, single element, mechanically rotated intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) transducer for microbubble-based drug delivery and imaging has been designed and fabricated. This device provides displacement, delivery, and imaging capabilities to enable microbubble-based delivery of a therapeutic drug and delivery verification. The IVUS transducer was designed and fabricated to operate at a center frequency of 7 MHz. Acoustic radiation radiation force displacement of microbubbles, fluorophore delivery using microbubbles in vitro and imaging capabilities were demonstrated. Finally, a fluorescent model drug was delivered under physiological flow conditions to an ex vivo porcine artery using the prototype IVUS.
Characteristic of foot surface temperature variety during continual low-intensity exercise (2013)

Foot thermography information is very important to the footwearÂÂs functional design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution and change character of foot skin temperature variety during low-intensity movement. Totally 19 subjects participated in this testing, skin surface temperaturemonitorwas using high-precision Infrared Thermal Imager. The average foot skin temperature existed a significant difference at rest condition.After 30min persistent low-intensity exercise, each area of the foot was increased, and the increasing trend was quite similar. This study could provide the basis of foot physiological function understanding.
Real-time FPGA implementation of recursive wavelet packet transform (2012)

To address the computational complexity of the wavelet packet transform of a moving window with a large amount of overlap between consecutive windows, the recursive computation approach was introduced previously<sup>1</sup>. In this work, this approach is extended to 2D or images. In addition, the FPGA implementation of the recursive approach for updating wavelet coefficients is performed by using the LabVIEW FPGA module. This programming approach is graphical and requires no knowledge of relatively involved hardware description languages. A number of optimization steps including both filter and wavelet stage pipelining are taken in order to achieve a real-time throughput. It is shown that the recursive approach reduces the computational complexity significantly as compared to the non-recursive or the classical computation of wavelet packet transform. For example, the number of multiplications is reduced by a factor of 3 for a 3-stage 1D transform of moving windows containing 128 samples and by a factor of 12 for a 3-stage 2D transform of moving window blocks of size 16&times;16 with 50% overlap.