gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective oxidation of ethanol to ethylene oxide with a dual-layer concept (2022)

Ethylene oxide is mainly produced from fossil-based ethylene. Only minor amounts of EO are based on renewable ethanol in a three-step process consisting of an ethanol dehydration step, an ethylene purification step, and an epoxidation step. We herein present a new one-step process for the selective oxidation of ethanol to ethylene oxide by a novel dual-layer concept without intermediate ethylene purification. Ethanol is dehydrated in one reactor on a first catalyst bed to ethylene which is subsequently epoxidized over a silver catalyst. The dual-layer arrangement allowed stable operation over more than 60 h and state-of-the-art conversions and selectivities were obtained.
Conditions Under Which Cracks Occur in Modified 13% Chromium Steel in Wet Hydrogen Sulfide Environments (2000)

Occurrence of cracks in an API 13% Cr steel, modified 13% Cr steel, and duplex stainless steel were compared in various wet, mild hydrogen sulfide (H2S) environments. The conditions under which cracks occurred in the modified 13% Cr steel in oil and gas production environments were made clear. No cracks occurred if pH &amp;gt; depassivation pH (pHd) and redox potential of sulfur (ES[red/ox]) &amp;lt; pitting potential (Vc). Hydrogen embrittlement-type cracks occurred if pH &amp;gt; pHd and ES(red/ox) &amp;gt; Vc. Pitting occurred if pH &amp;gt; pHd and ES(red/ox) &amp;gt; Vc. The pH inside the pit decreased drastically and hydrogen embrittlement occurred. Cracks of the hydrogen embrittlement type occurred if pH &amp;lt; pHd and threshold hydrogen concentration under which cracks occur (Hth) &amp;lt; hydrogen concentration in steel (H0). No cracks occurred if pH &amp;lt; pHd and Hth &amp;gt; H0.
A KDM5 Inhibitor Increases Global H3K4 Trimethylation Occupancy and Enhances the Biological Efficacy of 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine (2017)

The H3K4 demethylase <i>KDM5B</i> is amplified and overexpressed in luminal breast cancer, suggesting it might constitute a potential cancer therapy target. Here, we characterize, in breast cancer cells, the molecular effects of a recently developed small-molecule inhibitor of the KDM5 family of proteins (KDM5i), either alone or in combination with the DNA-demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC). KDM5i treatment alone increased expression of a small number of genes, whereas combined treatment with DAC enhanced the effects of the latter for increasing expression of hundreds of DAC-responsive genes. ChIP-seq studies revealed that KDM5i resulted in the broadening of existing H3K4me3 peaks. Furthermore, cells treated with the drug combination exhibited increased promoter and gene body H3K4me3 occupancy at DAC-responsive genes compared with DAC alone. Importantly, treatment with either DAC or DAC+KDM5i induced a dramatic increase in H3K27ac at enhancers with an associated significant increase in target gene expression, suggesting a previously unappreciated effect of DAC on transcriptional regulation. KDM5i synergized with DAC to reduce the viability of luminal breast cancer cells in <i>in vitro</i> assays. Our study provides the first look into the molecular effects of a novel KDM5i compound and suggests that combinatorial inhibition along with DAC represents a new area to explore in translational epigenetics.<b>Significance:</b> This study offers a first look into the molecular effects of a novel KDM5 inhibitory compound, suggesting how its use in combination with DNA methylation inhibitors presents new opportunities to explore in translational cancer epigenetics. <i>Cancer Res; 78(5); 1127-39. ©2017 AACR</i>.
P.121: Good Color Stable Phosphorescent White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Double Emissive Layer Structure (2013)

Abstract We report good color stable phosphorescent white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on double emissive layer (EML) structure composed of blue and red/green phosphorescent units. Deep hole trapping situation of red and green dopants at the red/green EML could realize less voltage dependent white spectral characteristics by restricting the change of exciton generation zone. A wide band‐gap host material of 2,6‐bis(3‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)pyridine (26DCzPPy) was used for such deep trapping generation. Fabricated phosphorescent white OLED has very slight color coordinates changes of (‐0.007, +0.006) from 1000 cd/m2 to 10000 cd/m 2 with power efficiency of 37.7 lm/W and current efficiency of 48.1 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2.
Charge and Thermoelectric Transport in Polymer-Sorted Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. (2020)

Understanding the charge transport mechanisms in chirality-selected single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks and the influence of network parameters is essential for further advances of their optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Here, we report on charge density and temperature-dependent field-effect mobility and on-chip field-effect-modulated Seebeck coefficient measurements of polymer-sorted monochiral small-diameter (6,5) (0.76 nm) and mixed large-diameter SWCNT (1.17-1.55 nm) networks (plasma torch nanotubes, RN) with different network densities and length distributions. All untreated networks display balanced ambipolar transport and electron-hole symmetric Seebeck coefficients. We show that charge and thermoelectric transport in SWCNT networks can be modeled by the Boltzmann transport formalism, incorporating transport in heterogeneous media and fluctuation-induced tunneling. Considering the diameter-dependent one-dimensional density of states (DoS) of the SWCNTs composing the network, we can simulate the charge density and temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficients. Our simulations suggest that scattering in these networks cannot be described as simple one-dimensional acoustic and optical phonon scattering as for single SWCNTs. Instead the relaxation time is inversely proportional to energy (τ ∝ (E - EC)s, s = -1, EC being the energy of the first van Hove singularity), presumably pointing toward the more two-dimensional character of scattering events and the necessity to include scattering at the SWCNT junctions. Finally, our observation of higher power factors in trap-free, 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene-treated (6,5) networks than in the RN networks emphasizes the importance of chirality selection to tune the width of the DoS. To benefit from both higher intrinsic mobilities and a large thermally accessible DoS, we propose trap-free, narrow DoS distribution, large-diameter SWCNT networks for both electronic and thermoelectric applications.
A validation study of lithium-ion cell constant c-rate discharge simulation with Battery Design Studio® (2012)

We compare battery performance simulations from a commercial lithium-ion battery modeling software package against manufacturer performance specifications and laboratory tests to assess model validity. A set of commercially manufactured spiral wound lithium-ion cells were electrochemically tested and then disassembled and physically characterized. The Battery Design Studio® (BDS) software was then used to create a mathematical model of each battery, and discharge simulations at constant C-rates ranging from C/5 to 2C were compared against laboratory tests and manufacturer performance specifications. Results indicate that BDS predictions of total energy delivered under our constant C-rate battery discharge tests are within 6.5% of laboratory measurements for a full discharge and within 2.8% when a 60% state of charge window is considered. Average discrepancy is substantially lower. In all cases, the discrepancy in simulated vs. manufacturer specifications or laboratory results of energy and capacity delivered was comparable to the discrepancy between manufacturer specifications and laboratory results. Results suggest that BDS can provide sufficient accuracy in discharge performance simulations for many applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF THIETE 1,1‐DIOXIDE WITH α‐CHLOROBENZALPHENYLHYDRAZINE AND METHYL PHENYLHYDRAZONOCHLOROACETATE (1978)

Abstract Das Thiete‐1,1‐dioxid (II) reagiert mit den Chlorhydrazonen (I) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen zu den Pyrazolen (III).
Data from Enfortumab Vedotin Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting Nectin-4 Is a Highly Potent Therapeutic Agent in Multiple Preclinical Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The identification of optimal target antigens on tumor cells is central to the advancement of new antibody-based cancer therapies. We performed suppression subtractive hybridization and identified nectin-4 (PVRL4), a type I transmembrane protein and member of a family of related immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules, as a potential target in epithelial cancers. We conducted immunohistochemical analysis of 2,394 patient specimens from bladder, breast, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, head/neck, and esophageal tumors and found that 69% of all specimens stained positive for nectin-4. Moderate to strong staining was especially observed in 60% of bladder and 53% of breast tumor specimens, whereas the expression of nectin-4 in normal tissue was more limited. We generated a novel antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) enfortumab vedotin comprising the human anti-nectin-4 antibody conjugated to the highly potent microtubule-disrupting agent MMAE. Hybridoma (AGS-22M6E) and CHO (ASG-22CE) versions of enfortumab vedotin (also known as ASG-22ME) ADC were able to bind to cell surface–expressed nectin-4 with high affinity and induced cell death &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of mouse xenograft models of human breast, bladder, pancreatic, and lung cancers with enfortumab vedotin significantly inhibited the growth of all four tumor types and resulted in tumor regression of breast and bladder xenografts. Overall, these findings validate nectin-4 as an attractive therapeutic target in multiple solid tumors and support further clinical development, investigation, and application of nectin-4–targeting ADCs. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(10); 3003–13. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Preoperative Mental Health Component Scoring Is Related to Patient Reported Outcomes Following Lumbar Fusion (2020)

3.
Recent progress in the development of plasma-filled traveling-wave tubes and backward-wave oscillators (1998)

Summary form only given. The presence of a controlled amount of background plasma inside microwave tubes can possibly lead to improvement in their characteristics beyond what is available in evacuated devices. In particular, recent results clearly demonstrated that the presence of plasma can significantly increase the bandwidth, efficiency and power handling capabilities of non-relativistic microwave oscillators and amplifiers and allow operation without a guiding magnetic field. In the present paper recent scientific advances in this field, both theoretical and experimental, are reviewed with emphasis on basic processes. We review some fundamental physical issues such as the formation of hybrid waves in plasma-filled slow-wave structures and the role of these modes in improving the beam/wave coupling; the beneficial role of AC space charge in plasma-filled devices and the effect of plasma on electron beam transport; and efficiency and bandwidth enhancement due to the presence of the plasma. Also reviewed are recent experimental results on plasma-loaded TWT amplifiers and BWO oscillators. Plasma-loaded microwave devices have the potential to advance the technological and scientific base of microwave tubes, and also to have an impact on commercial and industrial applications through the development of commercially viable technologies.
Simple shear extrusion versus equal channel angular pressing: A comparative study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an Mg alloy (2023)

Two severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques of simple shear extrusion (SSE) and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) were employed to process an extruded Mg−6Gd−3Y−1.5Ag (wt%) alloy at 553 K for 1, 2, 4 and 6 passes. The microstructural evolutions were studied by electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The initial grain size of 7.5 µm in the extruded alloy was reduced to about 1.3 µm after 6 SPD passes. Discontinuous dynamic recrystallization was suggested to be operative in both SSE and ECAP, with also a potential contribution of continuous dynamic recrystallization at the early stages of deformation. The difference in the shear strain paths of the two SPD techniques caused different progression rate of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), so that the alloys processed by ECAP exhibited higher fractions of recrystallization and high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs). It was revealed that crystallographic texture was also significantly influenced by the difference in the strain paths of the two SPD methods, where dissimilar basal plane texture components were obtained. The compression tests, performed along extrusion direction (ED), indicated that the compressive yield stress (CYS) and ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of the alloys after both SEE and ECAP augmented continuously by increasing the number of passes. ECAP-processed alloys had lower values of CYS and UCS compared to their counterparts processed by SSE. This difference in the mechanical responses was attributed to the different configurations of basal planes with respect to the loading direction (ED) of each SPD technique.
Intrazeolite organometallics and coordination complexes: internal versus external confinement of metal guests (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrazeolite organometallics and coordination complexes: internal versus external confinement of metal guestsGeoffrey A. Ozin and Caroline GilCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 8, 1749–1764Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00098a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00098a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views656Altmetric-Citations183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Youth‐onset type 2 diabetes in Israel: A national cohort (2022)

Youth-onset T2D in Israel has increased significantly and presents a unique profile.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tezosentan, an intravenous dual endothelin receptor antagonist, following chronic infusion in healthy subjects (2002)

On the basis of these results, dose finding studies with tezosentan in acute heart failure can be initiated in the dose range 5-100 mg h(-1).
Measurement of differential tt¯ production cross sections in the full kinematic range using lepton+jets events from proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV (2021)

Measurements of differential and double-differential cross sections of top-quark pair (t t) production are presented in the lepton jets channels with a single electron or muon and jets in the final state. The analysis combines for the first time signatures of top quarks with low transverse momentum p T , where the top-quark decay products can be identified as separated jets and isolated leptons, and with high p T , where the decay products are collimated and overlap. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data at ffiffi ffi s p 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb -1 . The cross sections are presented at the parton and particle levels, where the latter minimizes extrapolations based on theoretical assumptions. Most of the measured differential cross sections are well described by standard model predictions with the exception of some double-differential distributions. The inclusive t t production cross section is measured to be tt 791 AE 25 pb, which constitutes the most precise measurement in the lepton jets channel to date.
Microchip cooling module based on FC72 slot jet arrays without cross-flow (2006)

In view of the rapid increase of microchip power densities, thermal management has become considerably more challenging. This work presents the first results of an effort aimed at developing a liquid-based cooling module capable of handling high heat fluxes. Four modules 20 times 20 times 2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> in size, containing as many as 120 planar ("slot") jets and a drainage channel system that prevented any cross-flow effect, were tested using FC72 as test fluid. The jet hydraulic diameters were between 173 and 310 mum, with larger drainage channels, 701 to 955 mum in diameter, located between the inlet jets. A custom-made heater resembling an actual microchip was manufactured from silicon and equipped with temperature sensors. The effects of the flow rate, the inlet liquid temperature, the gap between impinged surface and nozzle plate, and different module geometries are discussed. A maximum of 92 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> was removed at a junction temperature of 85 degC using a coolant flow of 1.46 l/min and an inlet temperature of 20 degC
Upregulation of IGF1, IGF1‐receptor, and late growth related genes in ventricular myocytes acutely after infarction in rats (1994)

To determine the effects of acute myocardial infarction on the expression of insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1) and insulin-like growth factor1 receptors (IGF-1R) on the surviving myocytes of the left and right ventricles, large infarcts were produced in rats and the animals sacrificed 2 days later. Hemodynamic measurements of left and right ventricular pressures, +dP/dt and -dP/dt, and central venous pressure documented that coronary occlusion was associated with a severe impairment of cardiac function. By employing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR), a low level of expression of IGF-1R mRNA was detected in myocytes from sham-operated rats. Acute myocardial infarction was found to enhance by nearly twofold the message for IGF-1R in viable myocytes biventricularly. Moreover, IGF1 mRNA increased 4.3-fold and 9.4-fold in left and right myocytes, respectively. In order to establish whether the upregulation of IGF1 and IGF-1R with infarction was coupled with induction of late growth related genes, which are known to be implicated in DNA replication and mitotic division, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and histone-H3 expression was assessed by Northern blot and RTPCR. The level of expression of PCNA mRNA was found to be increased 3.9-fold and 2.4-fold in left and right myocytes, respectively from infarcted hearts. Corresponding increments in histone-H3 mRNA were 25.5-fold and 5.3-fold, respectively. However, PCNA protein as detected by immunoperoxidase staining was restricted to a limited number of myocyte nuclei adjacent to the necrotic myocardium of the left ventricle. In conclusion, acute myocardial infarction is associated with enhanced expression of IGF1 and IGF-1R on stressed myocytes, and this phenomenon may activate genes essential for DNA synthesis, possibly affecting myocyte growth. These processes may be fundamental for the reconstitution of tissue mass and amelioration of function after infarction.
Disease modification of breast cancer–induced bone remodeling by cannabinoid 2 receptor agonists (2012)

Most commonly originating from breast malignancies, metastatic bone cancer causes bone destruction and severe pain. Although novel chemotherapeutic agents have increased life expectancy, patients are experiencing higher incidences of fracture, pain, and drug-induced side effects; furthermore, recent findings suggest that patients are severely undertreated for their cancer pain. Strong analgesics, namely opiates, are first-line therapy in alleviating cancer-related pain despite the severe side effects, including enhanced bone destruction with sustained administration. Bone resorption is primarily treated with bisphosphonates, which are associated with highly undesirable side effects, including nephrotoxicity and osteonecrosis of the jaw. In contrast, cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB(2) ) receptor-specific agonists have been shown to reduce bone loss and stimulate bone formation in a model of osteoporosis. CB(2) agonists produce analgesia in both inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Notably, mixed CB(1) /CB(2) agonists also demonstrate a reduction in ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression. Here we demonstrate for the first time that CB(2) agonists reduce breast cancer-induced bone pain, bone loss, and breast cancer proliferation via cytokine/chemokine suppression. Studies used the spontaneously-occurring murine mammary cell line (66.1) implanted into the femur intramedullary space; measurements of spontaneous pain, bone loss, and cancer proliferation were made. The systemic administration of a CB(2) agonist, JWH015, for 7 days significantly attenuated bone remodeling, assuaged spontaneous pain, and decreased primary tumor burden. CB(2) -mediated effects in vivo were reversed by concurrent treatment with a CB(2) antagonist/inverse agonist but not with a CB(1) antagonist/inverse agonist. In vitro, JWH015 reduced cancer cell proliferation and inflammatory mediators that have been shown to promote pain, bone loss, and proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest CB(2) agonists as a novel treatment for breast cancer-induced bone pain, in which disease modifications include a reduction in bone loss, suppression of cancer growth, attenuation of severe bone pain, and increased survival without the major side effects of current therapeutic options.
Real Robots and the Missing Thought-Experiment in the Chinese Room Dialectic (2002)

Abstract John Searle’s Chinese Room Argument (CRA, see Searle 1980,11984) is arguably the twentieth century’s greatest philosophical polarizer. On the one hand, as the years pass, it looks more and more as if his argument is headed for philosophical immortality. (Consider the book you’re holding, published a full two decades after the argument’s debut.) On the other hand, a common attitude among Strong Alniks is that CRA is not only unsound, but silly, based as it is on a fanciful story (CR) far removed from the practice of AI, practice which is year by year moving ineluctably toward sophisticated robots that will once and for all silence CRA and its proponents.
Functional food and biological activity of phytonutrients (2013)

présentation par Coxam.V<br/>présentation par Coxam.V