gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Displacement Type Millimeter-Wave Isolator (1961)

When ferrite is exposed to a radio frequency magnetic field superimposed on a steady magnetic field, it exhibits two different values of magnetic permeability depending on the direction of circular polarization of the r. f. magnetic field. If ferrite is placed in a waveguide, a non-reciprocal device - an isolator - can be built. The field-displacement type isolator is relatively simple in construction. The purpose of this thesis was to develop such a simple device which will operate at millimeter wavelengths. In the course of this development, extensive experimental investigations were carried out. Some of the more important results were: The gyromagnetic resonant frequencies increased approximately linearly with increasing applied magnetic fields. The wider the line-width the wider the resonant frequency bandwidth. The frequency band-width could be slightly increased by shaping the ends of the ferrite. The dimensions of ferrite strips were varied in order to determine the optimum length, width and thickness. Polystyrene mounting strips can concentrate the energy and smear the region of circular polarization. An optimum length of the polystryrene [sic] strip was found. Several methods of mounting the ferrite strip in the rectangular waveguide were investigated. The most effective method involved fixing the ferrite strip in parallel with the E plane of the rectangular wave-guide at a certain distance from one side of the wall. Single crystal barium ferrite exhibits a high ratio of backward to forward attenuation but the frequency bandwidth is narrow. Polycrystalline ferrite has a very wide frequency bandwidth. A typical example of a single crystal ferrite isolator constructed exhibited 0.6 db forward loss, 37 db backward loss and 30 mc bandwidth at 58.45 kmc. A typical example of a polycrystalline ferrite isolator constructed had 5 db forward loss 34 db backward loss and 1500 mc band-width at 57.2 kmc. A theoretical investigation of the optimum position and the best figure of merit is included.
Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures (2008)

Carbon nanotubes have attracted the fancy of many scientists world wide. The small dimensions,strength, and the remarkable physical properties of these structures make them a unique material with a whole range of promising applications. In this review, the structural aspects, the advantages and disadvantages of different for their procedures synthesis, the qualitative and quantitative estimation of carbon nanotubes by different analytical techniques, the present status on their applications as well as the current challenges faced in the application field, national, in particular DRDO, DMSRDE status, and interest in this field, have been discussed. Defence Science Journal, 2008, 58(4), pp.437 -450 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.58.1666
Millimeter-Wave UAV Coverage in Urban Environments (2021)

With growing interest in mmWave connectivity for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), a basic question is whether networks intended for terrestrial service can provide sufficient aerial coverage as well. To assess this possibility in the context of urban environments, extensive system-level simulations are conducted using a generative channel model recently proposed by the authors. It is found that standard downtilted base stations at street level, deployed with typical microcellular densities, can indeed provide satisfactory UAV coverage. Interestingly, this coverage is made possible by a conjunction of antenna sidelobes and strong reflections. As the deployments become sparser, the coverage is only guaranteed at progressively higher UAV altitudes. The incorporation of base stations dedicated to UAV communication, rooftop-mounted and uptilted, would strengthen the coverage provided their density is comparable to that of the standard deployment, and would be instrumental for sparse deployments of the latter.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and gastric bypass surgery regulate serum and hepatic levels of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (2018)

Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) focuses on the underlying metabolic syndrome, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) remains one of the most effective options. In rodents and human patients, RYGB induces an increase in the gene and protein expression levels of the M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) in the jejunum. Since PKM2 can be secreted in the circulation, our hypothesis was that the circulating levels of PKM2 increase after RYGB. Our data, however, revealed an unexpected finding and a potential new role of PKM2 for the natural history of metabolic syndrome and NAFLD. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, RYGB-treated patients had decreased PKM2 blood levels compared with a well-matched group of patients with severe obesity before RYGB. Interestingly, PKM2 serum concentration correlated with body mass index before but not after the surgery. This prompted us to evaluate other potential mechanisms and sites of PKM2 regulation by the metabolic syndrome and RYGB. We found that in patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the liver had increased PKM2 expression levels, and the enzyme appears to be specifically localized in Kupffer cells. The study of murine models of metabolic syndrome and NASH replicated this pattern of expression, further suggesting a metabolic link between hepatic PKM2 and NAFLD. Therefore, we conclude that PKM2 serum and hepatic levels increase in both metabolic syndrome and NAFLD and decrease after RYGB. Thus, PKM2 may represent a new target for monitoring and treatment of NAFLD.
MED12-related XLID disorders are dose-dependent of immediate early genes (IEGs) expression (2017)

Mediator occupies a key role in protein coding genes expression in mediating the contacts between gene specific factors and the basal transcription machinery but little is known regarding the role of each Mediator subunits. Mutations in MED12 are linked with a broad spectrum of genetic disorders with X-linked intellectual disability that are difficult to range as Lujan, Opitz-Kaveggia or Ohdo syndromes. Here, we investigated several MED12 patients mutations (p.R206Q, p.N898D, p.R961W, p.N1007S, p.R1148H, p.S1165P and p.R1295H) and show that each MED12 mutations cause specific expression patterns of JUN, FOS and EGR1 immediate early genes (IEGs), reflected by the presence or absence of MED12 containing complex at their respective promoters. Moreover, the effect of MED12 mutations has cell-type specificity on IEG expression. As a consequence, the expression of late responsive genes such as the matrix metalloproteinase-3 and the RE1 silencing transcription factor implicated respectively in neural plasticity and the specific expression of neuronal genes is disturbed as documented for MED12/p.R1295H mutation. In such case, JUN and FOS failed to be properly recruited at their AP1-binding site. Our results suggest that the differences between MED12-related phenotypes are essentially the result of distinct IEGs expression patterns, the later ones depending on the accurate formation of the transcription initiation complex. This might challenge clinicians to rethink the traditional syndromes boundaries and to include genetic criterion in patients' diagnostic.
Performance of one hundred watt HVM LPP-EUV source (2015)

We have been developing CO<sub>2</sub>-Sn-LPP EUV light source which is the most promising solution as the 13.5nm high power light source for HVM EUVL. Unique and original technologies such as: combination of pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> laser and Sn droplets, dual wavelength laser pulses shooting, and mitigation with magnetic field, have been developed in Gigaphoton Inc. The theoretical and experimental data have clearly showed the advantage of our proposed strategy. Based on these data we are developing first practical source for HVM - “GL200E”. This data means 250W EUV power will be able to realize around 20kW level pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> laser. We have reported engineering data from our recent test such around 43W average clean power, CE=2.0%, with 100kHz operation and other data<sup> 19)</sup>. We have already finished preparation of higher average power CO<sub>2</sub> laser more than 20kW at output power cooperate with Mitsubishi Electric Corporation <sup>14)</sup>. Recently we achieved 92W with 50kHz, 50% duty cycle operation<sup> 20)</sup>. We have reported component technology progress of EUV light source system. We report promising experimental data and result of simulation of magnetic mitigation system in Proto #1 system. We demonstrated several data with Proto #2 system: (1) emission data of 140W in burst under 70kHz 50% duty cycle during 10 minutes. (2) emission data of 118W in burst under 60kHz 70% duty cycle during 10 minutes. (3) emission data of 42W in burst under 20kHz 50% duty cycle (10000pls/0.5ms OFF) during 3 hours (110Mpls). Also we report construction of Pilot #1 system. Final target is week level operation with 250W EUV power with CE=4%, more than 27kW CO<sub>2</sub> laser power by the end of Q2 of 2015.
Mechanism of the Stereoselective Alkyl Group Exchange between Alkylboranes and Alkylzinc Compounds. Quest for Novel Types of Boron−Metal Exchange Reactions (2002)

The mechanism of the boron−zinc exchange reaction has been studied by applying density functional calculations at the B3PW91 level of theory. It was found that the exchange reaction proceeds with a low activation barrier, involving two intermediates with unusual bonding structures. The metal−carbon bonding in these intermediates ensures a highly stereoselective exchange process, which can be employed in asymmetric organometallic synthesis. On the basis of the theoretical results we predict that organogallium and organoindium compounds can also be generated by alkyl exchange reactions from organoboranes.
The Experimental Setup for T2* Mapping in Achilles tendon and Enthesis (2019)

The experimental setup for accurate T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> * mapping of Achilles tendon and enthesis was developed. The setup consists of a specially designed MR compatible RF coil holder and custom-made ultrashort echo time (UTE) pulse sequence. The performance of the UTE sequence was tested and compared with data obtained by variable echo time (vTE) sequence. The results showed that T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> * values calculated with vTE are overestimated in comparison to UTE, however, the clinical adaptation of vTE might be easier, since it provides more slices with reduced blurring and lower scan times.
Real-Time Optical Fiber-Based Distributed Temperature Monitoring of Insulation Oil-Immersed Commercial Distribution Power Transformer (2020)

Timely detection of the incipient fault of a power transformer is of utmost importance to prevent potential malfunctioning. Monitoring the condition of the transformer insulation oil is the essential step as it contains most of the transformer's health diagnostic information. Thus, the temperature of the oil is considered the most crucial parameter that has to be monitored continuously in real-time. Distributed optical fiber sensors for temperature monitoring has various advantages over traditional methods. In this study, an optical fiber-based distributed temperature measurement of insulation oil of a fully energized 100 kVA commercial distribution transformer is demonstrated. Two types of techniques were deployed to monitor the temperature of the transformer inside and outside of the tank using a distributed Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) and a quasi-distributed Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor array respectively. The insulation oil temperature was monitored with different load conditions in a distributed fashion and compared with the conventional method of single point thermocouple and infrared thermal imaging. The test results show very good agreement between the conventional methods and proposed distributed fiber temperature sensors.
Characterization of an Ethanol-Inducible Promoter System in Catharanthus roseus Hairy Roots (2007)

Efforts to engineer Catharanthus roseus hairy roots to produce commercially significant amounts of valuable compounds, such as the terpenoid indole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, require the development of tools to study the effects of overexpressing key metabolic and regulatory genes. The use of inducible promoters allows researchers to control the timing and level of expression of genes of interest. In addition, use of inducible promoters allows researchers to use a single transgenic line as both the control and experimental line, minimizing the problems associated with clonal variation. We have previously characterized the use of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter system to study the effects of gene overexpression within the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway on metabolite production. Here the feasibility of using an ethanol-inducible promoter within C. roseus hairy roots is reported. This ethanol-inducible promoter is highly sensitive to ethanol concentration with a concentration of 0.005% ethanol causing a 6-fold increase in CAT reporter activity after 24 h of induction. The ethanol-inducible CAT activity increased 24-fold over a 72-h induction period with 0.5% ethanol.
ChemInform Abstract: B‐Alkyl Suzuki Couplings for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Pyrans. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Actions of endothelin on adrenergic neuroeffector junction (1989)

The effect of endothelin, a novel vasoconstrictor peptide, on the adrenergic neuroeffector junction was investigated in isolated perfused rat mesenteric arteries. The vasoconstrictor responses to periarterial nerve stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline were determined. Infusion of endothelin-1 (10(-14) to 10(-8) mol/l) increased the baseline perfusion pressure dose dependently. Subpressor doses of endothelin-1 (10(-11) and 10(-10) mol/l) enhanced the pressor response to noradrenaline, and 10(-12) to 10(-10) mol/l endothelin-1 attenuated the pressor response to periarterial nerve stimulation. Endothelin-1 also caused a dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]-noradrenaline release during the periarterial nerve stimulation. However, higher doses of endothelin-1 (3 x 10(-10) to 10(-8) mol/l) enhanced the pressor response to stimulation. These results suggest that endothelin potentiates adrenergic vasoconstriction postjunctionally while it inhibits adrenergic neurotransmission. Thus endothelin may have actions on the neuroeffector junction in addition to its direct vasoconstricting effect.
A Precise Equivalent-Circuit Model for a Circular Plate Radiator (2018)

A precise equivalent-circuit model of a circular plate ultrasonic radiator was developed and tested by comparing the dynamic characteristics obtained with the model and a fabricated radiator. A precise equivalent-circuit model of the flat circular plate was developed based on an analytical solution that can be readily integrated with the equivalent-circuit models of its other parts: a Langevin transducer, a stepped horn, piezoelectric discs, and the head and tail. The model developed can be used for system-level analyses, for the design of a stepped plate ultrasonic radiator satisfying given specifications, if the stepped plate is then made to have almost the same dynamic characteristics.
Analysis and Characterization of Hurricane Winds (2012)

To understand and model the effects of natural hurricane winds on residential buildings, full-scale field testing and analysis are needed. Toward this goal, a group of researchers at Florida Tech, in collaboration with the Florida Coastal Monitoring Project team, have deployed sensors in a real storm scenario and collected roof wind pressure and local wind data. Because the behavior of a hurricane is subject to vagaries of nature, the current research effort is oriented to develop a rational basis for analyzing the data. To investigate this, the variable time averaging is applied to the data collected by the Florida Coastal Monitoring Project from three storms: Hurricane Gordon, Hurricane Isidore, and Hurricane Rita. The wind data correspond to a 10-m-high tower in different exposures at a 10-Hz sampling rate. In the wind load specifications worldwide, a wide range of averaging times have been used, 3–60 s to define gusts and 10–60 min to define mean speeds. This is seemingly more heuristic for the local hurricane wind field for which ergodicity and stationarity are not well established. In this study, variable averaging times from 1 to 1,000 s were applied to the wind speed time series data. Then three-dimensional statistical maps of the mean, RMS, skewness, and kurtosis distributions are obtained as functions of the averaging period. The effect of the averaging time on the mean is evidenced by a large variance for short averaging periods and a small variance for long averaging periods for all three hurricanes. The variation of the mean reaches a minimum at approximately 300 s. Therefore, all the higher-order moments are also calculated with respect to the 300-s mean. The skewness values are different (nonzero) for different storms, indicating a non-Gaussian behavior for the fluctuations, although the kurtosis values range mostly from 2.5 to 3.5.
3 In situ and operando determination of the water content distribution in proton conducting membranes for fuel cells: a critical review (2012)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have been recognized as a promising zero-emission power source for portable, mobile and stationary applications. The information of water content distribution in the different components of the cell during operation, particularly the proton conducting membrane, is a critical issue for the validation of mass transfer models, the definition of optimized operating conditions and the development of efficient systems with innovative designs for efficient water management. In order to fully understand the way a fuel cell performs, water transport and distribution have to be investigated in situ and operando. In this review, we critically examine the state-of-the-art of operando diagnostics sensitive to the membrane water content, particularly those techniques able (in principle) to give insights into water transport occurring along both the in- and through-plane directions. Particular attention is devoted to experimental results obtained across the membrane thickness i.e. to the determination of water concentration profiles originating from the water activity and electrical gradients occurring through the working fuel cell. Different operando techniques have been developed for this purpose, from the early 1990s up to the last few years: internal resistance measurements, magnetic resonance and neutron imaging, neutron and X-ray scattering, confocal μ-Raman spectroscopy. These techniques can be roughly separated as either direct (i.e. the water amount can be directly derived from the detected signal, avoiding sometimes arbitrary assumptions during data processing) but intrusive (i.e. they require significant modification of the fuel cell, compared to the current design and materials) or indirect but with a significantly lower intrusiveness. It appears that operando measurements of the membrane water distribution allow a unique picture of how the internal part of the fuel cell works, thus certainly contributing to the development of more effective cell designs and materials in the near future. Nevertheless, improvement in the fundamental understanding of the actual fuel cell requires further efforts to increase spatial and, more particularly, temporal resolution of current operando techniques. Also, the comparison of limitations arising from the basic principles of the different operando approaches suggests that ultimate progress will arise from the combination of complementary techniques for simultaneous measurements.
InGaN-Based Nano-Pillar Light Emitting Diodes Fabricated by Self-Assembled ITO Nano-Dots (2012)

InGaN/GaN based nano-pillar light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a diameter of 200-300 nm and a height of 500 nm are fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching using self-assembled ITO nano-dots as etching mask, which were produced by wet etching of the as-deposited ITO films. The peak PL intensity of the nano-pillar LEDs was significantly higher than that of the as-grown planar LEDs, which can be attributed to the improvement of external quantum efficiency of the nano-pillar LEDs due to the large sidewall of the nano-pillars. We have also demonstrated electrical pumping of the InGaN/GaN based nano-pillar LEDs with a self-aligned TiO2 layer as a passivation of sidewall of the nano-pillars.
Shearlet-based Loop Filter (2018)

In video coding, in-loop filtering has attracted attention due to its increasing coding performances. In this paper the shearlet-based loop filter is proposed using a sparsifying transform, the shearlet transform, which can identify the important structures of natural images such as edges in the sparse transform domain. This allows for separating efficiently the important information from noise components. Our novel approach for in-loop filtering is to apply a shearlet transform to the decoded image, separating important structures from noise and perform an inverse shearlet transform combined with Wiener filtering. This effectively removes compression artefacts due to quantization noise and keeps the important features of the original image. Simulation results show that our shearlet based loop filter can improve the state-of-the-art video coding standard HEVC through up to 10.5% bit rate reduction along with improved subjective visual quality.
Scatter from subsurface defects and contaminants (1990)

The Rayleigh Rice vector perturbation theory of diffraction is used to relate surface topography to scatter. In fact, this relationship allows the calculation of common surface roughness parameters (power spectrum, rms roughness, average surface wavelength, etc.) from the BRDF under the conditions that the surface is smooth, clean and front surface reflective. The theory can also be used to predict situations where the topography of such a surface will produce no scatter. That is, surface scatter can be eliminated under certain combinations ofviewing parameters. Under these conditions, the measured BRDF is the result of contaminants and subsurface defects. This paper presents previously unpublished material, discusses the theoretical basis for the effect, and gives experimental results.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Preoperative Antithrombin Supplementation in Patients at Risk for Antithrombin Deficiency After Cardiac Surgery (2022)

AT supplementation did not attenuate adverse postoperative outcomes in our cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.