gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Hemorrhage: A Survey of 4992 Intracranial Procedures (1988)

A series of 4992 intracranial procedures performed over an 11-year period was evaluated for the occurrence of postoperative hemorrhage. Forty patients (0.8%) experienced postoperative hemorrhage. Twenty-four hemorrhages were intracerebral (60%), 11 were epidural (28%), 3 were subdural (7.5%), and 2 were intrasellar (5.0%). Hematomas in 33 patients occurred at the operative site, and 7 occurred remote from the operative site. Intracranial tumor was the reason for operation in 56% of the patients developing a clot, and meningioma was the most common tumor associated with this complication. The use of the sitting position was not associated with an increased incidence of postoperative hemorrhage. Disturbances of coagulation and hypertension seemed to be potential precipitating factors. Postoperative hemorrhage was recognized within 12 hours of operation in 35% of the patients. An altered level of consciousness was the most frequent clinical finding, present in all patients. There was no clear relationship between the time of recognition and the final clinical outcome. Parenchymal clots carried the worst prognosis, accounting for 8 of the 11 deaths and all 7 patients with poor neurological outcome.
Decellularized mitral valve in a long-term sheep model† (2017)

Surgical implantation of DMV is feasible and results in good early graft function. Additional in vivo investigations are required to minimize the procedure-related complications and to increase the reproducibility of surgical implantation. Degenerative profile of allogeneic DMV is superior to commercially available porcine aortic prosthesis.
Peripheral urocortin delays gastric emptying: role of CRF receptor 2 (1999)

Urocortin, a new mammalian member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family has been proposed to be the endogenous ligand for CRF receptor 2 (CRF-R2). We studied the influence of intravenous urocortin on gastric emptying and the role of CRF-R2 in peptide action and postoperative gastric ileus in conscious rats. The intravenous doses of rat CRF and rat urocortin producing 50% inhibition of gastric emptying were 2.5 and 1.1 microgram/kg, respectively. At these intravenous doses, CRF and urocortin have their actions fully reversed by the CRF-R1/CRF-R2 antagonist astressin at antagonist/agonist ratios of 5:1 and 67:1, respectively. Astressin (12 microgram/kg iv) completely prevented abdominal surgery-induced 54% inhibition of gastric emptying 3 h after surgery while having no effect on basal gastric emptying. The selective nonpeptide CRF-R1 antagonists antalarmin (20 mg/kg ip) and NBI-27914 (400 microgram/kg iv) did not influence intravenous CRF-, urocortin- or surgery-induced gastric stasis. These results as well as earlier ones showing that alpha-helical CRF9-41 (a CRF-R2 more selective antagonist) partly prevented postoperative ileus indicate that peripheral CRF-R2 may be primarily involved in intravenous urocortin-, CRF-, and abdominal surgery-induced gastric stasis.
PREPARATION OF AN ELECTRODE MODIFIED WITH A THERMOSTABLE ENZYME BACILLUS SUBTILIS COTA BY ELECTRODEPOSITION (2012)

In this study, electrodeposition of thermostable enzyme Bacillus subtilis CotA, which is a laccase and has a bilirubin oxidase (BOD) activity, was investigated. The electrodeposition was operated in a mixture of Bacillus subtilis CotA in the PBS (pH 8.0) and TritonX-100 under applying potential (1100 mV vs. Ag/AgCl for 5 min.). The current response was measured by linear sweep voltammetry technique (LSV). The thermostable enzyme Bacillus subtilis CotA electrodeposited electrode was compared with a mesophile BOD electrodeposited electrode. As a result, the Bacillus subtilis CotA modified electrode showed better sensitivity and long-term stability than the mesophile BOD modified electrode.
Transverse Electrokinetic Effect:  Experiments and Theory (2007)

We observe the transverse electrokinetic effect (TEK), namely, the generation of a transverse potential difference due to the flow of liquids over a surface on which self-assembled arrays of metallic nanoparticles are immobilized. This paper covers the recent experimental findings and improvements to the theoretical model described in ref 1 [Subramaniam, C.; Pradeep, T.; Chakrabarti, J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 0164501], leading to a better understanding of the phenomenon. Issues critical for the comprehension and applicability of this effect as a potential flow sensor such as the need for a critical dipole moment, optimum surface coverage, nature of the flow rate dependence, and generalization of the phenomenon for several metallic nanostructures have been addressed in detail from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. This complete work stresses the uniqueness of this new phenomenon which could find applications in emerging areas of science, like microfluidics.
Biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides in microorganisms using type II polyketide synthases (2020)

Aromatic polyketides have attractive biological activities and pharmacological properties. Different from other polyketides, aromatic polyketides are characterized by their polycyclic aromatic structure. The biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides is usually accomplished by the type II polyketide synthases (PKSs), which produce highly diverse polyketide chains by sequential condensation of the starter units with extender units, followed by reduction, cyclization, aromatization and tailoring reactions. Recently, significant progress has been made in characterization and engineering of type II PKSs to produce novel products and improve product titers. In this review, we briefly summarize the architectural organizations and genetic contributions of PKS genes to provide insight into the biosynthetic process. We then review the most recent progress in engineered biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides, with emphasis on generating novel molecular structures. We also discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in the rational engineering of type II PKSs for large scale production of aromatic polyketides.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPO‐Mediated Oxidation of Maltodextrins and D‐Glucose: Effect of pH on the Selectivity and Sequestering Ability of the Resulting Polycarboxylates. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
OUTCOME OF METAL RADIAL HEAD ARTHROPLASY IN ELBOW RECONSTRUCTION (2008)

Purpose: Metal radial head arthroplasty is a proven technique for the treatment of complex radial head fractures. Little previous research is available on the utility and longevity of metal radial head arthroplasty for elbow reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of patients with metal radial head arthroplasty (RHA) for elbow reconstruction.

Methods: This was a retrospective review from one institution with three senior orthopaedic surgeons. 23 consecutive patients with 23 RHA were included in the study, 4 patients were lost to follow up. RHA was performed for conditions of rheumatoid arthritis, post traumatic radial head nonunion, post traumatic radial head malunion, elbow instability following previous radial head excision and failed silicone radial head implants. Patients were excluded from the study if they were treated for an acute injury with RHA (under 2 months from injury). There were 8 males and 15 females with a minimum of 2 year follow up. Analysis included chart review, personal interview, physical examination, radiographs and strength testing. Region specific questionnaires were used including: DASH, ASES, MEPI, PRWE, WOS and SF-36. Mean follow up was 9 yrs.

Results: Mayo elbow performance scores were excellent in 11 patients, good in 4 patients, fair in 4 patients and poor in 4 patients. Subjective patient satisfaction was averaged at 8.4 out of 10. Patients demonstrated significantly less isometric strength and grip strength in the affected versed unaffected elbow. There was no statistically significant difference seen in ulnar variance or ulnohumeral joint space between the affected and unaffected limbs.

Conclusions: In conclusion, RHA for elbow reconstruction is a safe procedure that provides patients with long term functional ROM and pain relief.
Impact of iridovirus and methisoprinol on immunocompetent cells isolated from African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), under in vitro conditions (2011)

Experiments to assess the effectiveness of the immunostimulator methisoprinol (Polfa Grodzisk Pharmaceuticals, Poland) focused on its impact on the innate immune response. The impact of different doses of methisoprinol on organ leukocytes isolated from the kidneys and spleens of African catfish that were subjected to or not subjected to the suppressive impact of iridovirus. The results indicate that the addition of methisoprinol causes increased respiratory burst activity (RBA), potential killing activity (PKA), and proliferative activity of lymphocytes T and B in response to mitogens. Methisoprinol stimulates the mechanisms of cellular immunity that are linked to the activation of T lymphocytes, which can impact the antiviral activity of this preparation after its application in vivo.
Analysis of TCP transient behavior and its effect on file transfer latency (2004)

In this paper we present a Markov chain for TCP congestion avoidance phase. With this model we are able to analyze congestion window behavior as a discrete-time stochastic process and distinguish between window transient period and steady state. Using this result we are able to obtain more accurate estimate of TCP latency over lossy links compared to existing models. We then simplify the proposed model and show that the transient period evolves with an exponential rate. Our results are validated using NS2 simulation and show significant improvement in latency estimate for a wide range of file sizes.
Ras-mutant cancers are sensitive to small molecule inhibition of V-type ATPases in mice (2022)

Mutations in Ras family proteins are implicated in 33% of human cancers, but direct pharmacological inhibition of Ras mutants remains challenging. As an alternative to direct inhibition, we screened for sensitivities in Ras-mutant cells and discovered 249C as a Ras-mutant selective cytotoxic agent with nanomolar potency against a spectrum of Ras-mutant cancers. 249C binds to vacuolar (V)-ATPase with nanomolar affinity and inhibits its activity, preventing lysosomal acidification and inhibiting autophagy and macropinocytosis pathways that several Ras-driven cancers rely on for survival. Unexpectedly, potency of 249C varies with the identity of the Ras driver mutation, with the highest potency for KRASG13D and G12V both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting a mutant-specific dependence on macropinocytosis and lysosomal pH. Indeed, 249C potently inhibits tumor growth without adverse side effects in mouse xenografts of KRAS-driven lung and colon cancers. A comparison of isogenic SW48 xenografts with different KRAS mutations confirmed that KRASG13D/+ (followed by G12V/+) mutations are especially sensitive to 249C treatment. These data establish proof-of-concept for targeting V-ATPase in cancers driven by specific KRAS mutations such as KRASG13D and G12V.
Novel dual-host approach in ion pair extraction: a simple tripodal nitrate host facilitates CsNO3 transfer to 1,2-dichloroethane by a large crown ether (2000)

The readily available benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide 1 enhances CsNO3 extraction by tetrabenzo-24-crown-8 via hydrogen bonding to the nitrate anion, as demonstrated by NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Echo-PIV: in vivo Flow Measurement Technique (2005)

The combination of ultrasound echo images with digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) method has resulted in a two-dimensional, two-component velocity field measurement technique appropriate for opaque flow conditions including blood flow in clinical applications. Advanced PIV processing algorithms including an iterative scheme and window of offsetting were used to increase spatial resolution. The optimum concentration of the ultrasound contrast agent used for seeding was explored. Velocity validation tests in fully developed laminar pipe flow and pulsatile flow showed good agreement with both optical PIV measurements and the known analytic solution. These studies indicate that echo PIV is a promising technique for the non-invasive measurement of velocity profiles and shear stress.
CHAPTER 29. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: New Anti-Infectives in the Age of Resistance (2016)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered over 100 years ago by observing light-mediated killing of microorganisms in the presence of certain dyes. Throughout the period from 1970 to 2000, cancer was the overwhelmingly most popular target disease in PDT research. Now, with the inexorable rise of multidrug resistance amongst pathogenic microbes, photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has made somewhat of a comeback. Anticancer photosensitizers (PSs) tend to be lipophilic with little or no overall charge, and mostly operate via type II photochemistry. On the other hand, antimicrobial PSs should have pronounced cationic charges (especially for Gram-negative bacteria), and in many cases can carry out type I photochemistry, producing hydroxyl radicals. Microbial cells have been found to be unable to develop resistance to PDI, and multidrug-resistant strains are equally susceptible. In clinical applications, the PSs are usually topically introduced into the infected area and, with a short drug–light interval, show good selectivity for microbial cells over host mammalian cells. The current clinical applications of antimicrobial PDT include localized infections such as periodontitis, sinusitis, nasal decontamination and infected wounds and ulcers. With the continuing unstoppable rise of antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial PDT is expected to grow in importance in the years to come.
Validation of the adjusted multi-biomarker disease activity score as a prognostic test for radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a combined analysis of multiple studies (2021)

The adjusted MBDA score was validated as an RA disease activity measure that is prognostic for radiographic progression. The adjusted MBDA score was a stronger predictor of radiographic progression than conventional risk factors, including seropositivity, and its prognostic ability was not significantly improved by the addition of DAS28-CRP, CRP, SJC, or CDAI.
Data from Phase I Trial of Overlapping Long Peptides from a Tumor Self-Antigen and Poly-ICLC Shows Rapid Induction of Integrated Immune Response in Ovarian Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Long peptides are efficiently presented to both CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells after intracellular processing by antigen-presenting cells. To investigate the safety and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; immunogenicity of synthetic overlapping long peptides (OLP) from a human tumor self-antigen, we conducted a phase I clinical trial with OLP from cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in various adjuvant combinations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-eight patients with advanced ovarian cancer in second or third remission were enrolled sequentially in three cohorts and received at least one vaccination. Patients in Cohort 1 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 4) received 1.0 mg OLP, Cohort 2 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 13) received OLP in Montanide-ISA-51, and Cohort 3 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11) received OLP + 1.4 mg Poly-ICLC in Montanide-ISA-51 on weeks 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13. Humoral and cellular responses were evaluated by standardized immunomonitoring techniques (ELISA, ELISPOT assay, intracellular cytokine staining, and tetramer staining).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The vaccine was generally well tolerated with injection site reactions and fatigue that resolved. NY-ESO-1–specific antibody and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells were undetectable after vaccination with OLP alone, but were found in 6 of 13 (46%) and 8 of 13 (62%) patients, respectively, after vaccination with OLP+Montanide, and in 10 of 11 (91%) and 10 of 11 (91%) patients, respectively, after vaccination with OLP+Montanide+Poly-ICLC. NY-ESO-1–specific CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells were detected in all patients with greater frequency and polyclonality when Montanide-ISA-51 was used for vaccination. Inclusion of Poly-ICLC as an adjuvant further accelerated the induction of NY-ESO-1–specific immune responses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The current study shows that NY-ESO-1 OLP vaccine is safe and rapidly induces consistent integrated immune responses (antibody, CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) in nearly all vaccinated patients when given with appropriate adjuvants. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(23); 6497–508. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Pareto-Efficient Set of Modulation and Coding based on RGMI in Nonlinear Fiber Transmissions (2016)

We compare various modulation formats and variable-rate LDPC codes based on required GMI in nonlinear fiber transmissions. Pareto-efficient pairs of modulation and coding are identified to achieve both higher spectral efficiency and higher nonlinearity tolerance.
Admittance spectroscopy of polymer-nanoparticle nonvolatile memory devices (2006)

Nonvolatile resistive memory consisting of gold nanoparticles embedded in the conducting polymer poly(4-n-hexylphenyldiphenylamine) examined using admittance spectroscopy. The frequency dependence of the devices indicates space-charge-limited transport in the high-conductivity “on” state, as well as evidence for similar transport in the lower-conductivity “off” state. Furthermore, the larger dc capacitance of the on state indicates that a greater amount of filling of the midgap nanoparticle trap levels increases the overall device conductivity, leading to the memory effect.
IL-12 treatment alleviates allergic lung inflammation in T-bet−/− mice (37.19) (2007)

Abstract Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by lung inflammation and reversible airway obstruction. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms in the development of asthma, but it is well appreciated that dysregulated CD4+ T helper (Th) cells initiate and perpetuate the disease. To elucidate the potential role of IL-12, a Th1-inducing cytokine, in the treatment of asthma, wild-type and T-bet−/− mice were used in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic lung inflammation. T-bet is a Th1-specific T box transcription factor that controls the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ. Thus, T-bet−/− mice have little endogenous IFN-γ production and subsequently exhibit spontaneous lung inflammation. IL-12 treatment reduced pulmonary inflammation in WT mice as expected. Surprisingly, T-bet−/− mice treated with OVA and IL-12 also demonstrated reduced bronchoconstriction compared with T-bet−/− mice treated with OVA only. IL-12 treated T-bet−/− mice also demonstrated reduced airway hyperresponsiveness after methacholine challenge. Intracellular cytokine staining demonstrated the presence of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells in the lungs of T-bet deficient mice treated with IL-12. Also, we observed a marked decrease in the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 in IL-12 treated T-bet−/− mice compared to wild-type, suggesting a role for Th17 cells in this murine model of allergic lung inflammation. Our hypothesis is that the pulmonary immune response is pre-disposed towards a Th17 type in the absence of T-bet regulation and that IL-12 treatment suppresses Th17 cells through a T-bet-independent, yet an IFN-γdependent mechanism. The results of this study will broaden the understanding of pulmonary inflammatory reactions. Supported by NIH grant RO1 AI41715
Insight into the Fast‐Rechargeability of a Novel Mo1.5W1.5Nb14O44 Anode Material for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2022)

Abstract Wadsley–Roth phased niobates are promising anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, while their inherently low electrical conductivity still limits their rate‐capability. Herein, a novel doped Mo 1.5 W 1.5 Nb 14 O 44 (MWNO) material is facilely prepared via an ionothermal‐synthesis‐assisted doping strategy. The detailed crystal structure of MWNO is characterized by neutron powder diffraction and aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope, unveiling the full occupation of Mo 6+ ‐dopant at the t 1 tetrahedral site. In half‐cells, MWNO exhibits enhanced fast‐rechargeability. The origin of the improved performance is investigated by ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) computation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, revealing that bandgap narrowing improves the electrical conductivity of MWNO. Furthermore, operando X‐ray diffraction elucidates that MWNO exhibits a typical solid‐solution phase conversion‐based lithium‐ion insertion/extraction mechanism with reversible structural evolution during the electrochemical reaction. The boosted lithium‐ion diffusivity of MWNO, due to the Mo 6+ /W 6+ doping effect, is confirmed by a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and DFT. With the simultaneously enhanced electrical conductivity and lithium‐ion diffusivity, MWNO successfully demonstrates its fast‐rechargeability and practicality in the LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 ‐coupled full‐cells. Therefore, this work illustrates the potential of ionothermal synthesis in energy storage materials and provides a mechanistic understanding of the doping effect on improving material's electrochemical performance.
3D Algebraic Iterative Reconstruction for Cone-Beam X-Ray Differential Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography (2015)

Due to the potential of compact imaging systems with magnified spatial resolution and contrast, cone-beam x-ray differential phase-contrast computed tomography (DPC-CT) has attracted significant interest. The current proposed FDK reconstruction algorithm with the Hilbert imaginary filter will induce severe cone-beam artifacts when the cone-beam angle becomes large. In this paper, we propose an algebraic iterative reconstruction (AIR) method for cone-beam DPC-CT and report its experiment results. This approach considers the reconstruction process as the optimization of a discrete representation of the object function to satisfy a system of equations that describes the cone-beam DPC-CT imaging modality. Unlike the conventional iterative algorithms for absorption-based CT, it involves the derivative operation to the forward projections of the reconstructed intermediate image to take into account the differential nature of the DPC projections. This method is based on the algebraic reconstruction technique, reconstructs the image ray by ray, and is expected to provide better derivative estimates in iterations. This work comprises a numerical study of the algorithm and its experimental verification using a dataset measured with a three-grating interferometer and a mini-focus x-ray tube source. It is shown that the proposed method can reduce the cone-beam artifacts and performs better than FDK under large cone-beam angles. This algorithm is of interest for future cone-beam DPC-CT applications.