gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Redoxschaltbare semilabile Terthienylliganden: polymere Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit elektrochemisch einstellbarer oder schaltbarer Koordinationssphäre? (1999)

Durch die Kontrolle des Oxidationsgrades der polymeren Formen, die von der neuen Klasse von isolierbaren, polymerisierbaren Terthienyl-RuII-Komplexen 1 gebildet werden, lassen sich sowohl die Stärke der Bindung des Polymerrückgrats an RuII als auch die elektronischen Eigenschaften der gebundenen Metallzentren modulieren.
Investigation on a System for Positioning of Industrial Robots Based on Ultra-Broadband Millimeter Wave FMCW Radar (2019)

Industrial robots are the key components of most automated manufacturing systems, but exhibit a low intrinsic accuracy and precision. To overcome this disadvantage, a measurement system to estimate the 3D position of the tool center point (TCP) is presented. The measurement system is based on four FMCW radar systems operating from 68 GHz to 93 GHz, each measuring the 1D distance to a recognizable target mounted at the TCP, which is 3D printed and coated with copper spray paint. To estimate the 3D position of the target from the 1D measurements, two algorithms based on the Taylor series method and the two-stage maximum likelihood method are implemented. After testing the algorithms in a simulator, the measurement system was demonstrated and verified in an experimental setup. The system could successfully estimate the 3D position of the target by means of both algorithms.
Giant magnetocurrent exceeding 3400% in magnetic tunnel transistors with spin-valve base layers (2003)

We report large magnetic field sensitivities of the collector current in a three-terminal magnetic tunnel transistor device with spin-valve metallic base layers. Giant magnetocurrents exceeding 3400% result from strong spin-dependent filtering of electrons traversing perpendicular to the spin-valve layers at energies well above the Fermi energy. The output current of the device can readily be tuned into the microampere regime by increasing the bias voltage across the tunnel barrier. With its giant magnetocurrent and reasonable output current, the magnetic tunnel transistor is a promising candidate for future magnetoelectronic devices.
Preparation and Characterization of Graphite-like Pyropolymers from (Z)-1-Methoxy-4-phenyl-1-buten-3-yne (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Characterization of Graphite-like Pyropolymers from (Z)-1-Methoxy-4-phenyl-1-buten-3-yneMin Chul Suh and Sang Chul ShimCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 26, 8707–8712Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00130a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00130a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural Proteomics (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Exploring Protein–Ligand Interactions by Solution NMR References Sample Preparation for Crystallography References
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystal Structure, Equilibration Studies and Anion Chemistry of trans‐1,3‐Dithiane 1,3‐Dioxide. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Liver and Iron Metabolism - A Comprehensive Hypothesis for the Pathogenesis of Genetic Hemochromatosis (2007)

It is hypothesized that a homozygous C282Y mutation of the HFE gene prohibits the assembly of the transferrin-receptor 1 (TFR1) with the divalent metal transporter (DMT1) as the main iron update complex in hepatocytes membrane. Thus, the cellular influx of transferrin-bound iron from the endosomal compartment into the cytasol is compromised. As a consequence, transferrin saturation increases while concomitantly a cytosolic iron deficiency state develops. This in turn triggers the suppression of hepcidin synthesis in hepatocytes. Its impaired release into the bloodstream, causes the increased intestinal iron absorption of hemochromatosis. Excessively absorbed iron cannot be used by the erythron as a surplus for hemoglobin synthesis and is therefore trapped in ferritin complexes of RES macrophages. The ferritin is thereafter released into the bloodstream and taken up by hepatocytes for final disposal. In the lysosomal compartment ferritin is degraded to hemosiderin. Here, the release of excessive iron molecules may induce cellular injury via free radicals. The phenotypic expression of genetic hemochromatosis may depend on the activity of the erythron to use transferrin-bound-iron for heme synthesis. Therefore, a high erythron requirement for iron can utilize excess iron and may represent the rationale of phlebotomy therapy in this disease.
Direct sampled I/Q beamforming for compact and very low-cost ultrasound imaging (2004)

A wide variety of beamforming approaches are applied in modern ultrasound scanners, ranging from optimal time domain beamforming strategies at one end to rudimentary narrowband schemes at the other. Although significant research has been devoted to improving image quality, usually at the expense of beamformer complexity, we are interested in investigating strategies that sacrifice some image quality in exchange for reduced cost and ease in implementation. This paper describes the direct sampled in-phase/quadrature (DSIQ) beamformer, which is one such low-cost, extremely simple, and compact approach. DSIQ beamforming relies on phase rotation of I/Q data to implement focusing. The I/Q data are generated by directly sampling the received radio frequency (RF) signal, rather than through conventional demodulation. We describe an efficient hardware implementation of the beamformer, which results in significant reductions in beamformer size and cost. We present the results of simulations and experiments that compare the DSIQ beamformer to more conventional approaches, namely, time delay beamforming and traditional complex demodulated I/Q beamforming. Results that show the effect of an error in the direct sampling process, as well as dependence on signal bandwidth and system f number (f#) are also presented. These results indicate that the image quality and robustness of the DSIQ beamformer are adequate for low end scanners. We also describe implementation of the DSIQ beamformer in an inexpensive hand-held ultrasound system being developed in our laboratory.
Brainstem spreading depolarization and cortical dynamics during fatal seizures in Cacna1a S218L mice (2018)

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a fatal complication of epilepsy in which brainstem spreading depolarization may play a pivotal role, as suggested by animal studies. However, patiotemporal details of spreading depolarization occurring in relation to fatal seizures have not been investigated. In addition, little is known about behavioural and neurophysiological features that may discriminate spontaneous fatal from non-fatal seizures. Transgenic mice carrying the missense mutation S218L in the α1A subunit of Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) Ca2+ channels exhibit enhanced excitatory neurotransmission and increased susceptibility to spreading depolarization. Homozygous Cacna1aS218L mice show spontaneous non-fatal and fatal seizures, occurring throughout life, resulting in reduced life expectancy. To identify characteristics of fatal and non-fatal spontaneous seizures, we compared behavioural and electrophysiological seizure dynamics in freely-behaving homozygous Cacna1aS218L mice. To gain insight on the role of brainstem spreading depolarization in SUDEP, we studied the spatiotemporal distribution of spreading depolarization in the context of seizure-related death. Spontaneous and electrically-induced seizures were investigated by video monitoring and electrophysiological recordings in freely-behaving Cacna1aS218L and wild-type mice. Homozygous Cacna1aS218L mice showed multiple spontaneous tonic-clonic seizures and died from SUDEP in adulthood. Death was preceded by a tonic-clonic seizure terminating with hindlimb clonus, with suppression of cortical neuronal activity during and after the seizure. Induced seizures in freely-behaving homozygous Cacna1aS218L mice were followed by multiple spreading depolarizations and death. In wild-type or heterozygous Cacna1aS218L mice, induced seizures and spreading depolarization were never followed by death. To identify temporal and regional features of seizure-induced spreading depolarization related to fatal outcome, diffusion-weighted MRI was performed in anaesthetized homozygous Cacna1aS218L and wild-type mice. In homozygous Cacna1aS218L mice, appearance of seizure-related spreading depolarization in the brainstem correlated with respiratory arrest that was followed by cardiac arrest and death. Recordings in freely-behaving homozygous Cacna1aS218L mice confirmed brainstem spreading depolarization during spontaneous fatal seizures. These data underscore the value of the homozygous Cacna1aS218L mouse model for identifying discriminative features of fatal compared to non-fatal seizures, and support a key role for cortical neuronal suppression and brainstem spreading depolarization in SUDEP pathophysiology.
Concentrator-type photovoltaic (CPV) modules, receiver and sub-receivers and methods of forming same (2023)

CPV modules include a back plate having an array of 1 mm2 or smaller solar cells thereon. A backplane interconnect network is also provided on the back plate. This backplane interconnect network operates to electrically connect the array of solar cells together. A front plate, which is spaced-apart from the back plate, is provided. This front plate includes an array of primary lenses thereon that face the array of solar cells. The front plate can be configured to provide a greater than 1000× lens-to-cell light concentration to the array of solar cells. To achieve this 1000× lens-to-cell light concentration, the primary lenses can be configured as plano-convex lenses having a lens sag of less than about 4 mm. An array of secondary optical elements may also be provided, which extend between the array of primary lenses and the array of solar cells.
Space radiation and reliability qualifications on 65nm CMOS 600MHz microprocessors (2013)

Recent space programs have reached the limits of the current space digital ASIC offers, mainly relying on CMOS 180nm. The new ST CMOS 65nm space program described in this paper shows how those limits are overcome. Small modifications to the commercial bulk process, paired with cost effective design reinforcements allow higher density and better energy efficiency while ensuring a strong space-grade resilience. The implementation of a 32-bit SPARC LEON3 microprocessor demonstrates the capabilities of this new technology.
Multi-armed, TEMPO-functionalized unimolecular initiators for starburst dendrimer synthesis via stable free radical polymerisation. 2. Tris (1,3,5)benzyloxy unimers (2004)

The synthesis of the trifunctionalized TEMPO-modified unimolecular initiators, unimers I, II, and III is described. Unimer I was prepared via an S N 2 type Williamson ether coupling of 1,3,5-tris(iodomethyl)benzene with a TEMPO-containing ethylbenzene hydroxy derivative. The synthesis of unimer II, however, was accomplished through S N 1 reaction of 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene with the hydroxy-ethylbenzene TEMPO derivative in the presence of silver triflate. Synthesis of unimer III started from phloroglucinol and an S N Ar reaction with 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene, followed by reduction to the amino compound and Schiff base formation with the TEMPO-derivatized aromatic aldehyde. Stable free radical polymerisation (SFRP) of styrene and acetoxystyrene with unimer I are also described with molecular weights and polydispersities reported. It is concluded that the SFRP of styrene with a triradical initiator meets the requirements of a living system.Key words: stable free radical polymerisation, starburst dendrimer, multi-armed unimolecular initiators.
Frequency Dependence of the Mean Effective Gain for Mobile Handsets (2002)

One attractive method for evaluating the performance of mobile handsets is using the so-called mean effective gain (MEG) which is a realistic measure of the handset’s ability to receive and transmit power. In this work the MEG is obtained via a measurement of the spherical radiation pattern of the handset and the influence of the measurement frequency on the MEG is investigated. The investigation is based on five different commercially available handsets, which were measured in an anechoic room in a cordless setup using a base station simulator. Since the handsets are battery powered during the measurements it is important to limit the total measurement time. This work proposes a method for reducing the number of measurements in the case where the MEG needs to be computed at several frequencies.
Wavelength-Packet-Selective ROADM-Enabled Granularity-Flexible WDM Network (2007)

A novel granularity-flexible wavelength-packet-selective ROADM at 40 Gbit/s based on optical code label switching is presented. A field trial of 640 Gbit/s throughput wavelength-packet-selective ROADM is demonstrated in 16-channel WDM ring network.
Design Under Uncertainty and Assessment of Performance Reliability of a Dual-Use Medium Truck with Hydraulic-Hybrid Powertrain and Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Medium trucks constitute a large market segment of the commercial transportation sector, and are also used widely for military tactical operations. Recent technological advances in hybrid powertrains and fuel cell auxiliary power units have enabled design alternatives that can improve fuel economy and reduce emissions dramatically. However, deterministic design optimization of these configurations may yield designs that are optimal with respect to performance but raise concerns regarding the reliability of achieving that performance over lifetime. In this article we identify and quantify uncertainties due to modeling approximations or incomplete information. We then model their propagation using Monte Carlo simulation and perform sensitivity analysis to isolate statistically significant uncertainties. Finally, we formulate and solve a series of reliability-based optimization problems and quantify tradeoffs between optimality and reliability. The most relevant design parameters of the diesel engine, fuel cell, driveline and vehicle are considered. The results demonstrate the necessity for addressing uncertainty to make valid assessments and design decisions.&lt;/div&gt;
A compact low-loss Ka-band filter using 3-dimensional micromachined integrated coax (2004)

This paper presents a novel low-loss (1.74 dB) 3-pole Butterworth distributed filter operating in the Ka-band with a center frequency of 29 GHz. The filter has a compact 6 mm square footprint and is designed using 3-dimensional (3D) micromachined integrated coax. The integrated coax transmission lines are made of forty-one nickel layers and fabricated using a selective electrochemical metal deposition process (EFAB/spl trade/). Full-wave simulations of the filter using Ansoft HFSS show very good agreement on insertion loss compared with measured results. Using the EFAB/spl trade/, we have been able to produce low-loss, all-metal, completely shielded transmission lines with small bend radii and no inter-line coupling.
Formal Equivalence and Efficiency Comparison of the FD-TD, TLM and SN Methods in Application to Microwave CAD Programs (1991)

In this study, the Theorem of Equivalence of the FD-TD, TLM and SN methods in application to the analysis of microwave circuits is derived. Computer resources required by FD-TD, TLM and SN are thoroughly compared. The concepts of extended FD-TD and of mixed modelling are introduced.
Chemical modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using different oxidising agents: optimisation and characterisation (2009)

Chemical modification of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via oxidation was investigated. MWCNTs were oxidised using different oxidising agents, namely nitric acid/sulphuric acid, acidified potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide. The selection of suitable oxidising agent was optimised depending on the integrity of the CNTs. The oxidised MWCNTs were able to suspend in water; with high stability, for a long period of time. FT-IR measurements showed the presence of carboxylic acid function groups especially for the MWCNTs oxidised with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The texture analysis (specific surface area and pore size distribution) showed that oxidation of the MWCNTs led to a decrease in the specific surface area and as a result of introducing a new function groups at the MWCNTs surface which led to the collapse of the total pore volume. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the pristine MWCNTs are highly tangled tubes with diameters of 80-150 nm.
Influence of well width fluctuations on recombination properties in semipolar InGaN quantum wells studied by time- and spatially-resolved near-field photoluminescence (2017)

Scanning near-field photoluminescence spectroscopy has been applied to distinguish the relevance of quantum well (QW) alloy composition and well width fluctuations on emission linewidth and recombination times in semipolar (202¯1) plane InGaN QWs. It has been found that well width fluctuations, compared to variations of InGaN alloy composition, play a negligible role in defining the photoluminescence linewidth. However, the well width strongly affects the recombination times. Prolonged radiative and nonradiative carrier lifetimes in wide QWs have been attributed to electron and hole separation by in-plane electric fields caused by nonplanarity of QW interfaces.
Safety evaluation of a novel variant of consensus bacterial phytase (2020)

A 90-day subchronic oral toxicity study was conducted to evaluate the safety of a consensus bacterial phytase variant 6-phytase (PhyG) for use as an animal feed additive. This phytase is produced by fermentation with a fungal (<i>Trichoderma reesei</i>) production strain expressing a biosynthetic variant of a consensus bacterial phytase gene assembled <i>via</i> ancestral reconstruction with sequence bias for the phytase from <i>Buttiauxella sp</i>. Rats were administered PhyG daily <i>via</i> oral gavage at dose-levels of 0 (distilled water), 250, 500 or 1000 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg bodyweight (bw)/day (equivalent to 0, 112,500, 225,000 and 450,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg bw/day, respectively). No test article-related adverse effects were observed. A no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for PhyG was established as 1000 mg TOS/kg bw/day, the highest test concentration. Based on this NOAEL and an estimate of broiler consumption determined from the proposed inclusion of the phytase in feed at the maximum recommended level (4000 FTU/kg), a margin of safety value of 1613 was calculated. Results of <i>in vitro</i> genotoxicity testing and <i>in silico</i> protein toxin evaluation further confirmed PhyG to be non-genotoxic and not likely to be a protein toxin upon consumption. These data support the safety of PhyG as an animal feed additive.
SEARCH FOR POINT-LIKE SOURCES OF ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINOS AT THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY AND IMPROVED LIMIT ON THE DIFFUSE FLUX OF TAU NEUTRINOS (2012)

The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory can detect neutrinos with energy E ν between 1017 eV and 10 20 eV from point-like sources across the sky south of +55° and north of -65° declinations. A search has been performed for highly inclined extensive air showers produced by the interaction of neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere (downward-going neutrinos), and by the decay of tau leptons originating from tau neutrino interactions in Earth's crust (Earth-skimming neutrinos). No candidate neutrinos have been found in data up to 2010 May 31. This corresponds to an equivalent exposure of ∼3.5years of a full surface detector array for the Earth-skimming channel and ∼2 years for the downward-going channel. An improved upper limit on the diffuse flux of tau neutrinos has been derived. Upper limits on the neutrino flux from point-like sources have been derived as a function of the source declination. Assuming a differential neutrino flux k PS E -2ν from a point-like source, 90% confidence level upper limits for k PS at the level of ≈5 × 10-7 and 2.5 × 10-6 GeV cm-2 s-1 have been obtained over a broad range of declinations from the searches for Earth-skimming and downward-going neutrinos, respectively. © 2012 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
A Method for Completing Horizontal Wells (1994)

ABSTRACT A new approach to complete horizontal wells is proposed to make futurestimulation work much more effective. Current well design formulations, largelyinfluenced by vertical well technologies, do not tend themselves well tofurther stimulation. Treatment of wells that have been depleted tononeconomical levels may generate marginal production increases. The new method uses hydrajetting technology to enhance the ability tosuccessfully stimulate a horizontal well. It uses a hydrajetting tool that iscapable of creating fan-shaped slots in the formation behind the casing inorder to direct fracture initiation correctly. Only limited size slots are cutthrough the casing, thus maintaining its integrity. Using this new approachwill result in more effective treatment of localized areas, and willdrastically improve stimulation or damage-bypass treatments. Tortuosities offracture paths are reduced if not eliminated. Patent applications have beenfiled on the subject matter contained in this paper. INTRODUCTION Horizontal wells have a large potential to improve the oil production ratesand ultimate recovery of many reservoirs. This improves the attraction of theindustry to this technology, especially with the advanced stages of drillingand completion technology in this area. In fact, it has been demonstrated thatre-entering an existing vertical wellbore to drill a horizontal segment iseconomically feasible. When low cost is the overriding concern in completing a horizontal well, openhole completions are generally selected if borehole stability is not aproblem. Such completions, however, do not provide options for remedial actionsin the future. In addition, this type of completion does not allow effectivemeans for abandoning the well, and may be costly to manage during the laterstages of the life of the well. Slotted liner completions provide advantages over the openhole method bytheir relatively low cost, yet better protection against wellbore collapse.However, as in openhole completions, slotted liners provide very few optionsfor remedial procedures. Cemented casing completions are the most expensive, but they provided, mostoptions currently available in vertical well technology. Effectivestimulations, isolation of zones, and other remedial actions are possible. Wellabandonment can also be performed effectively.