gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Detection of Hot-Electron Spin Injection into GaAs from a Magnetic Tunnel Transistor Source (2003)

Injection of spin-polarized hot-electron current from a magnetic tunnel transistor into GaAs is demonstrated by the observation of polarized light emission from a GaAs/In(0.2)Ga(0.8)As multiple quantum well light-emitting diode. Electroluminescence from the quantum wells shows a polarization of approximately 10% after subtraction of a linear background polarization. The polarization shows a strong dependence on the bias voltage across the diode, which may originate from changes in the electron spin relaxation rate in the quantum wells under varying bias conditions.
Chemical imaging of &#x03BC;-TAS using terahertz chemical microscope (2010)

A terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) has been carried out to visualize the chemical potential distribution in μ-TAS. Since the TCM can detect the chemical potential at exactly where the femtosecond laser was irradiated, the spatial resolution less than 1μm, which is limited by the wavelength of the femtosecond laser, can be achieved. The μ-TAS was fabricated on the sensing chip and the distribution of chemical potential was successfully visualized using TCM.
USE OF ANIMAL MANURE AS FEEDSTOCK FOR BIO-PRODUCTS (2013)

Animal manure is an under utilized biomass resource that potentially can be used for producingbiochemicals and biofuel. The duel purpose of this project was to characterize dairy manure as asugar platform feedstock for biochemical and biofuel production and to describe the efficiency ofacid hydrolysis processes for producing sugars from manure fiber. First, dairy manure wasanalyzed for dry matter distribution in different sized particles and chemical composition. Second,dilute acid hydrolysis was tested for converting manure fibers to sugars. The results indicated that(1) more than 75% of the dry matter in dairy manure consisted of particles greater than 0.125 mm,(2) protein content is significant in the dairy manure, 3) a little over 50% of the dry matter in thedairy manure was fiber, 4) the hemicellulose component in the fiber was readily converted tosugar through acid hydrolysis, and 5) the yield of glucose from cellulose in the hydrolysis processwas low.
Serotonin and noradrenaline involvement in urinary incontinence, depression and pain: scientific basis for overlapping clinical efficacy from a single drug, duloxetine (2007)

Recent clinical studies show convergence of symptoms (i.e. comorbidity) for incontinence, depression and pain, suggesting common biochemical imbalances. Duloxetine, a dual serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, has a central mechanism of action at different locations in the central nervous system and has proven to be a sound treatment of all these different diseases. Data obtained from animal model studies, randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials, as well as open label trials have provided evidence of the efficacy and safety of duloxetine as a suitable compound for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women as well as major depressive disorder and diabetic neuropathic pain in both men and women.
Nanolithographic patterning via electrochemical oxidation of stable poly(nitroxide radical)s to poly(oxoammonium salt)s (2010)

Electrochemically oxidized patterns of stable poly(nitroxide radical)s at the nano-scale were demonstrated by controlling lithographic parameters, such as voltage, scan speed, and sweep duration.
ChemInform Abstract: DYNAMIC ESR STUDIES ON THE PROPELLER SHAPE OF THE TRIPHENYLMETHYL GROUP (1981)

Abstract Die p‐Triarylethyl‐phenole (III) werden nach Schema dargestellt und durch PbOg ‐ Oxidation in n‐Pentan in die entsprechenden Oxyl‐Radikale umgewandelt.
Human monoclonal macroglobulins with specificity for Klebsiella K polysaccharides that contain 3,4-pyruvylated-D-galactose and 4,6-pyruvylated-D-galactose. (1980)

Two human IgM myeloma proteins, IgMWEA and IgMMAY, were found to react with agar and Klebsiella polysaccharides that contain pyruvylated D-galactose (DGal). Quantitative precipitin data and precipitin inhibition studies with methyl alpha- and beta-glycosides of 4,6-pyruvylated-D-galactose showed their combining sites to be different, although each was directed against the pyruvylated-D-Gal, one reacting most specifically with Klebsiella polysaccharides with terminal nonreducing beta-linked 2,4 pyruvylated-D-Gal, whereas the other reacted equally well with Klebsiella polysaccharides that contain 3,4 beta-linked and 4,6 alpha-linked terminal nonreducing pyruvylated-DGal. Inhibition studies showed that both sites are directed toward one of the two space isomers of 3,4- or 4,6-pyruvylated DGal, the form in which the methyl group of the pyruvate is equatorial, or endo, and its carboxyl group axial, or exo, to the plane of the acetal ring. Coprecipitation studies showed the combining site of IgMWEA to be located on an (Fab')2 fragment and not on the (Fc)5mu fragment. The monoclonal peak in the serum of IgMMAY was specifically precipitated by Klebsiella polysaccharide. Myeloma proteins with specificities of this type may occur with reasonable frequency in humans and may be a consequence of clonal expansion from inapparent infection, carrier states, or disease produced by various Klebsiella organisms.
DiseaseAtlas: Multi-facet visual analytics for online disease articles (2010)

Online health information portals provide valuable content to casual consumers. However, the page-oriented nature of these resources makes it difficult for users to understand the overall information space and navigate the complex relationships between various diseases. We have developed a visual analytic system named DiseaseAtlas that helps users navigate a large set of disease-related documents and understand multi-dimensional relationships for key semantic concepts such as symptoms and treatments. This paper describes several unique aspects of DiseaseAtlas and demonstrates its capabilities through a case study.
Phase I dose-escalation trial of iodine 131-labeled monoclonal antibody OKB7 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (1993)

Because antitumor activity with tolerable toxicity was observed in the majority of this group of heavily pretreated patients, phase II investigation of mAb OKB7 radioconjugates in the therapy of NHL is warranted.
Fate ofSalmonellaSenftenberg in broiler chickens evaluated by challenge experiments (2014)

Experimental and epidemiological evidence has indicated the respiratory route to be a potential portal of entry for salmonellas in poultry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the infectivity of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg following oral gavage, intratracheal or intravenous challenge in chickens. Seven-day-old chicks were challenged with either 10(4) or 10(6) colony-forming units of S. Senftenberg per chick by oral gavage, intratracheal or intravenous challenge, respectively, in two independent trials. Chickens were humanely killed 24 h post challenge and S. Senftenberg was cultured and enumerated from caecal contents, caecal tissue-caecal tonsils and liver and spleen. In both trials, intratracheal delivery of S. Senftenberg was the only route that allowed colonization of the caeca of chickens when compared with oral gavage or intravenous challenge in a dose response fashion (P < 0.05). Liver and spleen samples yielded no S. Seftenberg after the lower dose challenge by the oral or intratracheal route and only low levels following the high-dose administration by these routes, whereas intravenous challenge resulted in recovery of the organisms after both doses. The results of the present study suggest that S. Senftenberg entering the blood is likely to be cleared and will not be able to colonize caeca to the same extent as compared with intratracheal challenge. Clarification of the potential importance of the respiratory tract for transmission of salmonellas under field conditions may be of critical importance to develop intervention strategies to reduce the transmission in poultry.
Therapeutic effect of intra‐articular injection of ribbon‐type decoy oligonucleotides for hypoxia inducible factor‐1 on joint contracture in an immobilized knee animal model (2016)

The present study demonstrates the important role of HIF-1 in the initial progression of immobilization-induced joint contracture, and indicates the possibility of molecular treatment to prevent the progression of joint contracture prior to intervention with physical therapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endothelium Derived Nitric Oxide Synthase Negatively Regulates the PDGF-Survivin Pathway during Flow-Dependent Vascular Remodeling (2012)

Chronic alterations in blood flow initiate structural changes in vessel lumen caliber to normalize shear stress. The loss of endothelial derived nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in mice promotes abnormal flow dependent vascular remodeling, thus uncoupling mechanotransduction from adaptive vascular remodeling. However, the mechanisms of how the loss of eNOS promotes abnormal remodeling are not known. Here we show that abnormal flow-dependent remodeling in eNOS knockout mice (eNOS (-/-)) is associated with activation of the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway leading to the induction of the inhibitor of apoptosis, survivin. Interfering with PDGF signaling or survivin function corrects the abnormal remodeling seen in eNOS (-/-) mice. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) negatively regulates PDGF driven survivin expression and cellular proliferation in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Collectively, our data suggests that eNOS negatively regulates the PDGF-survivin axis to maintain proportional flow-dependent luminal remodeling and vascular quiescence.
Drug tolerance to target therapy in melanoma revealed at single cell level: What next? (2020)

Drug resistance strongly impairs the efficacy of virtually every kind of anticancer therapy. This phenomenon is commonly fueled by intrinsic or acquired mechanisms. In this mini-review, focusing on BRAF-mutated melanoma as prototypical example, we analyze how recent studies that make use of single cell analysis identify the involvement of distinct transcriptional trajectories as the common thread at the basis of drug tolerance. The identification of these transcriptional trajectories provide a mechanistic basis for the development of both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. These studies also suggest that hitting these transcriptional trajectories through personalized adaptive treatments can delay or abrogate the onset of drug resistance.
Sketching by Programming in the Choreographic Language Agent (2012)

Keywords: POP-I.C. artistic process, POP-III.C. visual languages We describe the Choreographic Language Agent, a programming environment designed for use by dancers and choreographers in the context of improvisatory composition methods. CLA provides a means for dancers to interact with a simple but powerful set of 3D geometric transforms, creating a wide variety of kinematic and dynamic configurations expressed in the form of phrases. These phrases can be composed in a dynamic visual arrangement, offering sophisticated facilities for provisionality and version control. Direct interaction with a live 3D rendering is a key feature of the system, although this rendering is only an intermediate product, designed to offer ample space for alternative interpretations when mapped onto dance movement. The result is a programming language that emphasises transience, ambiguity and creative flow rather than the conventional requirements of professional software engineering contexts. 1.
Thousand-Core Chips [Roundtable] (2008)

The 2007 Design Automation Conference (DAC) had a special session entitled "1000 Core Chips," which was organized by Radu Marculescu (Carnegie Mellon University) and Li-Shiuan Peh (Princeton University). This session examined some of the ramifications of multicore chip design from four perspectives: technology, architecture, programming, and design automation. In this roundtable, held immediately following the conference session, the presenters expounded on the future of multicore chips with respect to education, programming languages, operating systems, and design automation.
Selective Single Embryo Delivery Using HEED and SEED Optimizing Results from IVF While Reducing Risks and Side Effects (2018)

Although embryo transfer technique has been known to be a major limiting factor in accomplishing a successful live birth from IVF, there has been little progress made in embryo transfer technique in the past 40 years. Here we describe novel techniques of HEED and SEED that will optimize results and reduce risks and side effects from IVF procedures.
Comparison of low-cost hyperspectral sensors (1998)

Recent advances in large format detector arrays and holographic diffraction gratings have made possible the development of imaging spectrographs with high sensitivity and resolution, at relatively low component cost. Several airborne instruments have been built for the visible and near IR spectral band with 10-nm resolution, and SNR of 200:1. Three instruments are compared, an all-reflective spectrography using a convex grating in an Offner configuration, and two off-the-shelf transmission grating spectrographs using volume holograms. The camera is a 1024 X 1024 frame transfer, back-thinned CCD, with four taps for obtaining high frame rates. Performance and scan data is presented and compared to the design for image quality, distortion, and throughput.
Novel Li-ion polymer batteries using LiFePO4 as positive electrode (2005)

The aging and performance of natural graphite/PEO-based gel electrolyte/LiFePO 4 cells have been reported. The gel polymer electrolytes have been produced by electron-beam irradiation and then soaked in a liquid electrolyte. The natural graphite anode in gel electrolyte containing LiBF 4 -EC/GBL exhibits high reversible capacity (345mAh/g) and high coulombic efficiency (91%). The LiFePO 4 cathode in the same gel-polymer exhibits a reversible capacity of 150 mAh/g and 83% coulombic efficiency. Better performance has been obtained at high-rate discharge with 6% carbon additive in the cathode. However, the graphite anode performance suffers at high rate. The Li-ion gel polymer battery shows a capacity fade of 13% after 180 cycles and has poor performance at low temperature. Lilpolymer/LiFePO 4 has an excellent stable cycle life.
Simultaneous Bottom‐Up Interfacial and Bulk Defect Passivation in Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells using Nonconjugated Small‐Molecule Electrolytes (2019)

Abstract Recent perovskite solar cell (PSC) advances have pursued strategies for reducing interfacial energetic mismatches to mitigate energy losses, as well as to minimize interfacial and bulk defects and ion vacancies to maximize charge transfer. Here nonconjugated multi‐zwitterionic small‐molecule electrolytes (NSEs) are introduced, which act not only as charge‐extracting layers for barrier‐free charge collection at planar triple cation PSC cathodes but also passivate charged defects at the perovskite bulk/interface via a spontaneous bottom‐up passivation effect. Implementing these synergistic properties affords NSE‐based planar PSCs that deliver a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 21.18% with a maximum V OC = 1.19 V, in combination with suppressed hysteresis and enhanced environmental, thermal, and light‐soaking stability. Thus, this work demonstrates that the bottom‐up, simultaneous interfacial and bulk trap passivation using NSE modifiers is a promising strategy to overcome outstanding issues impeding further PSC advances.
Simultaneous Compensation of Fast Add/Drop Power-Transients and Equalization of Inter-Channel Power Differentials for Robust WDM Systems with EDFAs (1997)

Robust WDM transmission systems and reconfigurable networks will require that all the channels be of similar optical power under all operational conditions. Previously, Zyskind et al. reported that saturated cascaded EDFAs exhibit fast output power transients due to adding/dropping of some WDM channels since the output power from the a EDFA for each surviving channel will change to keep the total output power constant [1]
Abstract LB-178: Analysis of restored FFPE samples on Infinium methylation arrays (2011)

Abstract Millions of Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) cancer tissue samples currently present in the US and worldwide provide an enormous, invaluable repository to the discovery of biomarkers in cancer research, drug development, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, the processes of fixation and storage of FFPE samples leads to degradation and base modification with chemical residues. This degraded FFPE DNA is inefficiently amplified by the Infinium® whole genome amplification (WGA) step leading to poor performance in genome wide methylation analysis. In this study, purified FFPE DNA or crude lysates (200–500 ng input) were bisulfite converted and restored through Illumina's Infinium HD DNA Restoration kit consisting of a combination of treatment with a DNA polymerase, a repair enzyme, and a ligase. Results of methylation analysis on high density HumanMethylation450 BeadChip®, featuring over 450,000 assays indicated that even highly degraded samples which show initial call rates (genes detected p =0.01) of 50–70% can be successfully restored to a state that achieved call rates of greater than 90%. Direct comparison of frozen and FFPE samples from the same tumors showed an R2 correlation of beta values of greater than 95.0% between fresh frozen (FF) and FFPE samples. We also developed a method to assess FFPE sample quality based on a 90 bp qPCR assay (Infinium HD FFPE QC kit). In this assay FFPE samples exhibiting a Ct (Cq) difference of less than six relative to an intact standard are considered to pass the QC test and generally perform well in the assay. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-178. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-178
Quantum oscillations in the type-II Dirac semi-metal candidate PtSe2 (2018)

Three-dimensional topological semi-metals carry quasiparticle states that mimic massless relativistic Dirac fermions, elusive particles that have never been observed in nature. As they appear in the solid body, they are not bound to the usual symmetries of space-time and thus new types of fermionic excitations that explicitly violate Lorentz-invariance have been proposed, the so-called type-II Dirac fermions. We investigate the electronic spectrum of the transition-metal dichalcogenide PtSe 2 by means of quantum oscillation measurements in fields up to 65 T. The observed Fermi surfaces agree well with the expectations from band structure calculations, that recently predicted a type-II Dirac node to occur in this material. A hole-and an electron-like Fermi surface dominate the semi-metal at the Fermi level. The quasiparticle mass is significantly enhanced over the bare band mass value, likely by phonon renormalization. Our work is consistent with the existence of type-II Dirac nodes in PtSe 2 , yet the Dirac node is too far below the Fermi level to support free Dirac-fermion excitations.
Biological activities of a putative truncated hepatitis B virus X gene product fused to a polylysin stretch. (1994)

Truncated transcripts terminating within the HBx frame have been recognized previously in tumor and liver tissue of HCC patients. In this study biological activities of a predicted truncated HBx fused to a polylysin stretch (HBtx-polylysin) and of full length HBx were compared in NIH3T3 cells transfected with respective cDNA plasmids. Transactivation of a co-transfecting reporter gene and influence on neor DNA mediated transformation to G418 resistance were determined. In comparison to full length HBx the data indicate for HBtx-polylysin a lower transactivating capacity and as judged by the yield of colonies on a solid surface, a lower capacity to stimulate neor DNA mediated transformation. In soft agar the outgrowth into G418 resistant colonies was dependent on co-transfecting HBx cDNA. In providing this condition HBtx-polylysin had a much higher relative activity than full length HBx. Large cointegrants consisting of the plasmids carrying truncated HBx cDNA and neor DNA respectively were identified by chromosomal in situ hybridization. Based on Southern blot analyses extended concatemeres of the HBx cDNA plasmid constituted a main part of the cointegrants. Expression of truncated HBx cDNA was followed on the RNA and the protein level. The presence of this cDNA could be correlated to a compact spindle like cell appearance, its loss after prolonged passaging in the absence of G418 to a concomitant reversion to the phenotype of the NIH3T3 cell. Interspersed selection for G418 resistance stabilized the morphologically transformed phenotype. These results provide a basis to manipulate expression of truncated HBx and to recognize thereby processes leading to transformation.
Pruning Analysis for the Position Specific Posterior Lattices for Spoken Document Search (2006)

The paper presents the position specific posterior lattice (PSPL), a novel lossy representation of automatic speech recognition lattices that naturally lends itself to efficient indexing and subsequent relevance ranking of spoken documents. Two pruning techniques for generating word lattices are explored in this framework, where experiments performed on a collection of lecture recordings - MIT iCampus database - show that the spoken document ranking accuracy was improved by 20% - in the mean average precision sense - relative over the commonly used baseline of indexing the 1-best output from an automatic speech recognizer (ASR)
Minimizing the number of operations in DSP computations (2002)

Reduction of the number of operations optimizes the important design metrics such as area, cost, throughput, and power consumption for both custom ASIC and programmable processor implementations. We propose a novel technique to minimize the number of operations in DSP computations. The first step of the approach logically partitions a computation into strongly connected components. The second step optimizes each component separately. In the third step the components are merged to further optimize. Finally, the components are scheduled to minimize memory consumption. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on real-life examples.
Self-assembly of a unique hexadecanuclear [4 × (2 × 2)]-Pb16 ‘grid of grids’ type structure (2003)

A new ligand containing a linear sequence of four-tridentate chelating subunits built around alkoxide and pyrimidine bridging groups undergoes a spontaneous self-assembly process with Pb(CF3SO3)2 to produce a unique hexadecanuclear [4 x (2 x 2)] 'grid of grids' type structure with external dimensions of 26 A.
Patellofemoral Joint Biomechanics (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Geometry and contact areas of the patellofemoral joint Patellar kinematics Patellofemoral joint forces Patellofemoral joint stability Conclusions References
Maximizing the Supercontinuum Bandwidth in As2S3 Chalcogenide Photonic Crystal Fibers (2010)

We simulate supercontinuum generation in an As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber with a hexagonal structure, optimizing the fiber pitch and pulse duration with a 2.8 µm laser source in order to maximize the output bandwidth.