gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase and frequency shifts in a population of phase oscillators (1997)

We investigate the synchronization behavior of a population of globally coupled phase oscillators with randomly distributed eigenfrequencies. A variety of synchronized states is rigorously analyzed by means of the center manifold theorem combined with a nonlinear renormalization procedure. This way, the different synchronized states are determined explicitly. We observe $n$-cluster states, where $n=1,\dots{},4$. In a synchronized state all oscillators have the same frequency. Synchronization frequency and mutual phase differences depend on model parameters as well as on the configuration of the synchronized state, i.e., the number of oscillators within each cluster. The synchronization frequency may decisively differ from the mean of the eigenfrequencies, e.g., giving rise to frozen states, which are synchronized states with vanishing synchronization frequency. Unstable cluster states are associated with transitions between different synchronization frequencies. Our approach can easily be extended to a population of oscillators with randomly distributed coupling strengths. The different synchronized states are discussed in the context of neural coding.
Expression of Water Channel Proteins in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (2000)

We have characterized transcripts for nine major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), some of which function as water channels (aquaporins), from the ice plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. To determine the cellular distribution and expression of these MIPs, oligopeptide-based antibodies were generated against MIP-A, MIP-B, MIP-C, or MIP-F, which, according to sequence and functional characteristics, are located in the plasma membrane (PM) and tonoplast, respectively. MIPs were most abundant in cells involved in bulk water flow and solute flux. The tonoplast MIP-F was found in all cells, while signature cell types identified different PM-MIPs: MIP-A predominantly in phloem-associated cells, MIP-B in xylem parenchyma, and MIP-C in the epidermis and endodermis of immature roots. Membrane protein analysis confirmed MIP-F as tonoplast located. MIP-A and MIP-B were found in tonoplast fractions and also in fractions distinct from either the tonoplast or PM. MIP-C was most abundant but not exclusive to PM fractions, where it is expected based on its sequence signature. We suggest that within the cell, MIPs are mobile, which is similar to aquaporins cycling through animal endosomes. MIP cycling and the differential regulation of these proteins observed under conditions of salt stress may be fundamental for the control of tissue water flux.
Distributed acoustic sensing time-lapse vertical seismic profiling during zipper-fracturing operations: Observations, modeling, and interpretation (2022)

ABSTRACT Recent advances in distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology allow active seismic monitoring of stimulated rock volume (SRV) development. We showcase an interstage DAS vertical seismic profiling survey acquired during a zipper-fracturing stimulation. Incident P waves scattered by the SRV and converted to S waves are observed in the data. The signals are associated not only with hydraulic fracturing stages of the instrumented well but also with the fracturing of an adjacent well in the zipper group. A workflow is developed to monitor and characterize the SRV, fracture closure time, and interactions between zipper wells. The 3D full-wavefield modeling confirms the data interpretation and provides additional insight. As a result, we have been able to estimate SRV properties, including SRV height, width, and the fracture closure time for all wells within the zipper group. Moreover, for adjacent wells, the length and azimuth of SRV can be constrained. Our work provides critical information for optimizing hydraulic fracturing operations.
Achieving high carrier density and high mobility in graphene using monolayer tungsten oxyselenide (2021)

Abstract Highly doped graphene holds promise for next-generation electronic and photonic devices. However, chemical doping cannot be precisely controlled, and introduces external disorder that significantly diminishes the carrier mobility and therefore the graphene conductivity. Here, we show that monolayer tungsten oxyselenide (TOS) created by oxidation of WSe2 acts as an efficient and low-disorder hole-dopant for graphene. When the TOS is directly in contact with graphene, the induced hole density is 3 × 1013 cm-2 , and the room-temperature mobility is 2,000 cm2 /V·s, far exceeding that of chemically-doped graphene. Inserting WSe2 layers between the TOS and graphene tunes the induced hole density as well as reduces charge disorder such that the mobility exceeds 20,000 cm2 /V·s and reaches the limit set by acoustic phonon scattering, resulting in sheet resistance below 50 Ω/□. An electrostatic model based on work-function mismatch accurately describes the tuning of the carrier density with WSe2 interlayer thickness. These films show unparalleled performance as transparent conductors at telecommunication wavelengths, as shown by measurements of transmittance in thin films and insertion loss in photonic ring resonators. This work opens up new avenues in optoelectronics incorporating two-dimensional heterostructures including infrared transparent conductors, electro-phase modulators, and various junction devices.
Electrogenetherapy of B16.F10 murine melanoma tumors with an interleukin-28 expressing DNA plasmid (2012)

Augmented delivery of cytokine-expressing DNA plasmids to subcutaneous tumors has been demonstrated to result in a level of enhanced anti-tumor activity. One delivery enhancement method which has been evaluated is in vivo electroporation (EP), a contact-dependent delivery technique where electric pulses are hypothesized to augment the transfer of DNA into cells and tissues through the induction of temporary cell membrane pores. Previous work by members of our group, as well as others, has demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of DNA plasmids expressing the cytokines IL-12 and IL-15. In this report the potential anti-tumor activity of a relatively newly-described cytokine, IL-28, was measured when administered intratumorally as a DNA expression plasmid (designated pIL28) to established murine (B16.F10) melanoma tumors. The administration of the IL-28 expressing plasmid was performed through enhanced delivery methods. One method was EP and the other a non-contact dependent technique using a helium plasma stream. IL-28 is a member of the type III interferon family of cytokines that has been characterized as possessing potent anti-viral activity. This cytokine has been demonstrated to function as an adjuvant in small animal model vaccination protocols and stimulates CD8+ CTL responses. In addition, stimulation of anti-tumor activity has been demonstrated in several studies using IL-28. Based on these activities, it was hypothesized that this cytokine could, when delivered through a DNA expression plasmid, mediate anti-tumor activity. The results of this study indicated that enhanced delivery of pIL-28 resulted in attenuation of tumor growth, compared with non-enhanced delivery. Of note, this is the first proof-of-concept experiment, of our knowledge, documenting the ability of a non-contact dependent helium plasma-based delivery method to mediate the enhancement of an anti-tumor effect by a cytokine-expressing DNA plasmid. This suggests the use of the helium plasma delivery method as an alternative or adjunctive method to EP for the effective delivery of agents that possess potential anti-tumor activity.
Sub-100 nm2 Cobalt Interconnects (2018)

Co has elicited a strong interest to replace Cu for future interconnect applications in microelectronic circuits due to its potentially lower resistivity and better reliability at scaled dimensions. Here, we demonstrate Co wires with electrical cross-sectional areas as small as 34 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> using a simple subtractive patterning technique. Semiclassical resistivity modeling of the wire resistivity indicates that grain boundary scattering is the dominant contribution for cross-sectional areas of the order of 100 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , while the contribution of surface scattering increases drastically below 50 nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Furthermore, wafer-level reliability tests of the Co wires show the high fusing current densities and a strong resistance to thermoelectric stress demonstrating the potential for robust reliability. The resistivity and the reliability of the Co wires are comparable with those of Ru wires.
Fifteen years of external quality assessment in leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping in The Netherlands and Belgium: A way forward (2015)

In 1985, external quality assurance was initiated in the Netherlands to reduce the between-laboratory variability of leukemia/lymphoma immunophenotyping and to improve diagnostic conclusions. This program consisted of regular distributions of test samples followed by biannual plenary participant meetings in which results were presented and discussed. A scoring system was developed in which the quality of results was rated by systematically reviewing the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical assay stages using three scores, i.e., correct (A), minor fault (B), and major fault (C). Here, we report on 90 consecutive samples distributed to 40-61 participating laboratories between 1998 and 2012. Most samples contained >20% aberrant cells, mainly selected from mature lymphoid malignancies (B or T cell) and acute leukemias (myeloid or lymphoblastic). In 2002, minimally required monoclonal antibody (mAb) panels were introduced, whilst methodological guidelines for all three assay stages were implemented. Retrospectively, we divided the study into subsequent periods of 4 ("initial"), 4 ("learning"), and 7 years ("consolidation") to detect "learning effects." Uni- and multivariate models showed that analytical performance declined since 2002, but that post-analytical performance improved during the entire period. These results emphasized the need to improve technical aspects of the assay, and reflected improved interpretational skills of the participants. A strong effect of participant affiliation in all three assay stages was observed: laboratories in academic and large peripheral hospitals performed significantly better than those in small hospitals. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Copper enhanced (111) texture in silver thin films on amorphous SiO2 (2007)

Small amounts (5at.%) of copper were added to silver thin films to improve adhesion and minimize agglomeration on SiO2 layers. Resistivity measurements from the Ag(Cu) films showed that small Cu additions do not significantly increase the resistivity compared to pure Ag. Texture evolution and surface morphology of Ag and Ag(Cu) thin films on SiO2 were also investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and atomic force microscopy. Normalized (111) θ-2θ XRD intensities increased from 91.6% to 96.8% upon addition of Cu, likely due to enhanced adatom diffusion resulting from the Cu addition. XRD pole figure analysis revealed differences in texture evolution between the Ag and Ag(Cu) thin films. Since high adatom surface diffusion of Cu promotes preferred grain growth of the Ag matrix, Ag(Cu) thin films showed enhanced (111) texture compared to Ag thin films. Glancing angle XRD results confirmed the evolution of (111) texture in the Ag and Ag(Cu) thin films. In the case of Ag, (111) texture was enhanced mainly by recrystallization of disordered regions during annealing. In addition to recrystallization, (111) texture enhancement in Ag(Cu) was attributed to consumption of grains with other non-(111) crystallographic orientations.
Inflammaging- Altern als Konsequenz chronischer Entzündungen: Das Beispiel Padma 28 (2008)

Inflammaging bezeichnet einen chronischen EntzÜndungszustand, der durch altersbedingte VerÄnderungen des Immunsystems entsteht. Dieser wird als Grundlage vieler chronisch-entzÜndlicher Alterskrankheiten wie z.B. Arteriosklerose, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, Morbus Alzheimer und Krebserkrankungen vermutet. Die Entstehung des vorherrschenden proinflammatorischen Milieus und der Verlauf des EntzÜndungsprozesses wird durch oxidativen Stress beschleunigt und in manchen FÄllen verstÄrkt. Bei EntzÜndungsprozessen schÜtten aktivierte Immunzellen ein Arsenal an bioaktiven Stoffen aus, welche synergistisch zusammenwirken und neben positiven Wirkungen auch zu Zell- und GewebeschÄden fÜhren. Im Fall einer manifesten Infektion sind Ähnliche Prozesse beschrieben worden. Komplexe Phytotherapeutika (z.B. Padma 28) sind als pleiotrop wirkende Gemische geeignet, diesen krankmachenden Prozess an unterschiedlichen Wirkorten zu unterbinden. So sind etwa neben dem klinischen Effekt von Padma 28 bei Arteriosklerose auch verschiedene antiatherogene Wirkungsmechanismen des PrÄparats gut dokumentiert. Die Resultate stÜtzen die Hypothese eines «multi- target»-Behandlungsansatzes von chronisch-entzÜndlichen Erkrankungen mit pflanzlichen Vielstoffgemischen, die hier einen wertvollen Betrag fÜr neue PrÄventions- und Therapieverfahren liefern kÖnnen. Sie sind somit geeignet, den Formenkreis von Inflammaging gÜnstig zu beeinflussen, die Entstehung von Folgeerkrankheiten zu verlangsamen bzw. in manchen FÄllen zu verhindern.
Azimuthally Polarized, Circular Colloidal Quantum Dot Laser Beam Enabled by a Concentric Grating (2016)

Since optical gain was observed from colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), research on CQD lasing has been focused on the CQDs themselves as gain materials and their coupling with optical resonators. Combining the advantages of a CQD gain medium and optical microcavity in a laser device is desirable. Here, we show concentric circular Bragg gratings intimately incorporating CdSe/CdZnS/ZnS gradient shell CQDs. Because of the strong circularly symmetric optical confinement in two dimensions, the output beam CQD-based circular grating distributed feedback laser is found to be highly spatially coherent and azimuthally polarized with a donut-like cross section. We also observe the strong modification of the photoluminescence spectrum by the grating structures, which is associated with modification of optical density of states. This effect confirmed the high quality of the resonator that we fabricated and the spectral overlap between the optical transitions of the emitter and resonance of the cavity. Single mode lasing has been achieved under a quasi-continuous pumping regime, while the position of the lasing mode can be conveniently tuned via adjusting the thickness of the CQD layer. Moreover, a unidirectional output beam can be observed as a bright circular spot on a screen without any collimation optics, presenting a direct proof of its high spatial coherence.
Huntingtin suppression restores cognitive function in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease (2018)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the huntingtin (HTT) protein, resulting in acquisition of toxic functions. Previous studies have shown that lowering mutant HTT has the potential to be broadly beneficial. We previously identified <i>HTT</i> single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tightly linked to the HD mutation and developed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting HD-SNPs that selectively suppress mutant HTT. We tested allele-specific ASOs in a mouse model of HD. Both early and late treatment reduced cognitive and behavioral impairments in mice. To determine the translational potential of the treatment, we examined the effect of ASO administration on HTT brain expression in nonhuman primates. The treatment induced robust HTT suppression throughout the cortex and limbic system, areas implicated in cognition and psychiatric function. The results suggest that ASOs specifically targeting mutated <i>HTT</i> might have therapeutic effects on HD-mediated cognitive impairments.
InGaN frequency stabilized high-power devices for atom-cooling and trapping enabling quantum technology (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Quantum based devices offer distinct advantages over conventional technology, such as improved sensitivity for sensing applications or enhanced accuracy for metrology. To utilize this potential, a number of technical requirements must be met, such as the cooling and trapping of neutral atoms for their use as quantum systems. We present our work on InGaN-based semiconductor cooling lasers for a variety of atomic species such as strontium, magnesium and ytterbium whos target wavelength was met by quantum-well composition engineering. Results on growth-epitaxy, facet coating as well as different configurations such as ECDL and MOPAs are presented, depending on the requirement of the application.
High‐Speed and Long‐Term Imaging of Cell Dynamics in the Developing Heart (2008)

We developed in vivo image acquisition strategies and digital post‐processing algorithms to follow tissue growth and track individual cells in the developing embryonic zebrafish heart. Cardiac imaging at high spatial resolution is notoriously difficult because the heart is beating while it develops and cell velocities can be as high as 0.5 mm/s. This dynamic environment is an important epigenetic factor for the proper formation of many of the heart's features (e.g. heart tube looping, valve formation). It is therefore essential to capture both the rapid dynamics of the heartbeat and the much slower dynamics of morphogenesis. Although state of the art microscopes provide high framerate capabilities, they still suffer from the inherent limitations of three‐dimensional imaging (images must be acquired successively at multiple depths) and the increased noise level as the number of photons per pixel decreases. We address the problems of imaging at multiple time scales, in three‐dimensions, and at low signal‐to‐noise levels via a general image acquisition and processing procedure that takes advantage of the pseudo‐cyclic motion of the heart and allows us to follow cells and tissue in their native environment as they grow while the heart beats.
Oncolytica (2011)

Cytostatica (ook aangeduid als oncolytica) remmen de celdeling en dus ook celwoekering, doordat zij ingrijpen in voor de cel essentiële processen, veelal door interactie met DNA. Een behandeling met traditionele cytostatica gaat in het algemeen gepaard met verschijnselen van toxiciteit, omdat deze middelen geen onderscheid maken tussen tumor- en normale (‘gezonde’) cellen. De toxiciteit van de verschillende cytostatica is variabel en onder meer afhankelijk van de dispositie van de middelen in het lichaam en de eliminatie via de nieren en de lever. Vooral de structuren in het lichaam die bekendstaan om hun snelle cel- ‘turnover’, bijvoorbeeld beenmerg, huid en het slijmvlies van het maag-darmkanaal, zijn extra gevoelig voor cytostatica. Het beenmerg blijkt bij chemotherapie vaak een beperkende factor. Frequente bijwerkingen van cytostatica(combinaties) door effecten op beenmerg, huid en slijmvliezen, nieren en zenuwstelsel zijn infectie, vermoeidheid (anemie), haaruitval, pijnlijke monden slikklachten, diarree, verminderde nierfunctie, misselijkheid, braken en zenuwpijn aan voeten en handen.
An interactive dashboard for searching and comparing soccer performance scores (2021)

The performance of soccer players is one of most discussed aspects by many actors in the soccer industry: from supporters to journalists, from coaches to talent scouts. Unfortunately, the dashboards available online provide no effective way to compare the evolution of the performance of players or to find players behaving similarly on the field. This paper describes the design of a web dashboard that interacts via APIs with a performance evaluation algorithm and provides graphical tools that allow the user to perform many tasks, such as to search or compare players by age, role or trend of growth in their performance, find similar players based on their pitching behavior, change the algorithm's parameters to obtain customized performance scores. We also describe an example of how a talent scout can interact with the dashboard to find young, promising talents.
A CMOS-based large-area high-resolution imaging system for high-energy x-ray applications (2008)

CCDs have been the primary sensor in imaging systems for x-ray diffraction and imaging applications in recent years. CCDs have met the fundamental requirements of low noise, high-sensitivity, high dynamic range and spatial resolution necessary for these scientific applications. State-of-the-art CMOS image sensor (CIS) technology has experienced dramatic improvements recently and their performance is rivaling or surpassing that of most CCDs. The advancement of CIS technology is at an ever-accelerating pace and is driven by the multi-billion dollar consumer market. There are several advantages of CIS over traditional CCDs and other solid-state imaging devices; they include low power, high-speed operation, system-on-chip integration and lower manufacturing costs. The combination of superior imaging performance and system advantages makes CIS a good candidate for high-sensitivity imaging system development. This paper will describe a 1344 x 1212 CIS imaging system with a 19.5&mu;m pitch optimized for x-ray scattering studies at high-energies. Fundamental metrics of linearity, dynamic range, spatial resolution, conversion gain, sensitivity are estimated. The Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) is also estimated. Representative x-ray diffraction images are presented. Diffraction images are compared against a CCD-based imaging system.
Naturally acquired antibodies from Beninese infants promote Plasmodium falciparum merozoite-phagocytosis by human blood leukocytes: implications for control of asymptomatic malaria infections (2022)

The results of the present study confirm the importance of antibodies to merozoite surface antigens in the control of asymptomatic malaria infection in Beninese infants. The study also demonstrated that G3m phenotypes impact the functional activity of IgG. This last point could have a considerable impact in the research of candidate vaccines against malaria parasites or other pathogens.
Sustaining cooperation in multi-hop wireless networks (2005)

Multi-hop wireless networks are vulnerable to free-riders because they require nodes to forward packets for each other. Deployed routing protocols ignore this issue while proposed solutions incorporate complicated mechanisms with the intent of making free-riding impossible. We present Catch, a protocol that falls between these extremes. It achieves nearly the low mechanism requirements of the former while imposing nearly as effective barriers to free-riding as the latter. Catch is made possible by novel techniques based on anonymous messages. These techniques enable cooperative nodes to detect nearby free-riders and disconnect them from the rest of the network. Catch has low overhead and is broadly applicable across routing protocols and traffic workloads. We evaluate it on an 802.11 wireless testbed as well as through simulation.
Minimally invasive keyhole techniques for resection of giant intracranial tumors (2022)

With meticulous design and reasonable selection, resection of giant intracranial tumors utilizing minimally invasive keyhole approaches can be done safely with satisfactory surgical outcomes.