gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of New Concept Iridium Plug (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the field of automotive gasoline engines, new products aiming at greater fuel economy and cleaner exhaust gases are under development with the aim of preventing environmental destruction. Severe ignition environments such as lean combustion, stronger charge motion, and large quantities of EGR require ever greater combustion stability. In an effort to meet these requirements, an iridium plug has been developed that achieves high ignitability and long service life through reduction of its diameter, using a highly wear-resistant iridium alloy as the center electrode.&lt;sup&gt;(&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;)(&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recently, direct injection engines have attracted attention. In stratified combustion, a feature of the direct injection engine, the introduction of rich air-fuel mixtures in the vicinity of the plug ignition region tends to cause carbon fouling. This necessitates plug carbon fouling resistance.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Success was achieved in developing a new concept iridium plug that dramatically improves carbon fouling resistance while preserving long service life and high ignitability found in conventional plugs. (&lt;span class="xref"&gt;Fig. 1&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper consists of the four chapters that follow describing the newly developed product.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;ul class="list nostyle"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;Chapter 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Introduction&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;Chapter 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Overview of New Concept Spark Plug&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;Chapter 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Development Progress&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;Chapter 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Evaluation on Actual Engines&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of 9‐cis‐Retinoic Acid. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Discovery of 4-[(Z)-(4-Bromophenyl)- (ethoxyimino)methyl]-1‘-[(2,4-dimethyl-3- pyridinyl)carbonyl]-4‘-methyl-1,4‘- bipiperidine N-Oxide (SCH 351125):  An Orally Bioavailable Human CCR5 Antagonist for the Treatment of HIV Infection (2001)

Structure-activity studies on piperidino-piperidine 3 led to the discovery of SCH 351125 (1), a selective CCR5 antagonist with potent activity against RANTES binding (K(i) = 2 nM), which possesses subnanomolar activity in blocking viral entry and has excellent antiviral potency versus a panel of primary HIV-1 viral isolates. Compound 1, which has good oral bioavailability in rats, dogs, and monkeys, is proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HIV-1 and has entered human clinical trials.
Functional Evaluation of THIQ, a Melanocortin 4 Receptor Agonist, in Models of Food Intake and Inflammation (2007)

Abstract: The central melanocortinergic system plays an important role in regulating different aspects of energy homeostasis and the immunomodulatory response. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo activities of food intake suppression and anti‐inflammatory activity of THIQ, which has been proposed to possess high and selective melanocortin‐4 receptor agonistic activity in vitro . The results showed that THIQ (0.1, 0.3 and 1 nmol/rat, intracerebroventricularly) is less effective in reducing food intake and body weights of rats than the non‐selective melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan II. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements in mice brain tissue showed that THIQ at doses of 0.001 and 0.01 nmol/mouse (intracisternally) increased the concentration of nitric oxide, which is not typical for melanocortin receptor agonists. In an experimental brain inflammation model, THIQ only weakly antagonized lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitric oxide overproduction in brain tissue at a dose of 0.01 nmol/mouse. Our findings provide new insight into the in vivo pharmacological profile of the in vitro selective melanocortin‐4 receptor agonist THIQ and give grounds for caution when interpreting and predicting melanocortin receptor selective agonist activity in vivo .
Thermoelectric and Charge Transport Properties of Solution-Processable and Chemically Doped Dioxythienothiophene Copolymers (2021)

This study reports the electronic properties of a family of 3,6-dioxythienothiophene copolymer thin films (referred to as DOTTs) as a function of F4TCNQ doping level. We find that DOTTs have unusually low Seebeck coefficients and that the dependence on carrier concentration could not be accurately explained with present transport models. Furthermore, electrical conductivities were measured as a function of temperature, and some polymer/dopant systems demonstrated unusually low activation energies. The Mott polaron model transport parameters were further evaluated to quantify the effects of carrier concentration. Overall, this work discusses the electronic properties of DOTTs and provides guidance for designing polymer chemistries.
IS&C (Image Save & Carry) standard: standardized exchange media for medical information. (1995)

There has been a strong need for a standardized medical image exchange media. MEDIS-DC in Japan created IS&C as a standard for this purpose, based on 5.25' rewritable magneto-optic discs, with many specifications such as fast speed read/write, independence of apparatus vendor, additional security features, and data format compatible to ACR-NEMA v.2 image format. IS&C is already applied to many institutions, as an alternative for fast expensive networks, long term image casebases and media for teaching file distribution. The IS&C committee hopes this standard will be: 1) used at clinics and hospitals, promoting exchange of information between them, 2) harmonized with other standardization activities, and 3) a basis for future electronic semantic medical records.
Analyzing Large Collections of E-Mail (2004)

One of the first applications of the Internet was the electronic mailing (e-mail). Along with the evolution of the Internet, e-mail has evolved into a powerful and popular technology. Messages, electronically documents, pictures and even movies can be send between users of computer systems at different places all over the world within seconds. Electronic mail is a fast, a cheap and a comfortable communication method. But with the exponential increase of the Internet users and the corresponding increasing e-mail traffic, new problems arise. Examples are Spam mails or computer viruses hidden in email attachments. Therefore the analysis of email and email traffic becomes more and more important. In this paper we discuss visualization methods for analyzing large amounts of e-mails to detect interesting patterns or to identify Spam e-mails.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 2 from Thrombin Drives Tumorigenesis in Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1869KB, Modest ASO-mediated decrease in circulating prothrombin does not significantly affect mucosal injury, inflammatory cell accumulation or local inflammatory cytokine production following DSS challenge (S1). Resolution of inflammation following DSS withdrawal is not significantly affected by a modest ASO-mediated decrease in circulating prothrombin (S2).&lt;/p&gt;
New state variable device opportunities for beyond CMOS: A system perspective (2008)

As semiconductor technology moves closer to the ultimate physical limits for scaling of devices that utilize electrons as information bearing particles, many new opportunities for research in the physical sciences are emerging. If we look beyond the limits of scaling electron devices, many more challenging research opportunities exist in the areas of physics of information carriers and physics of communication. A trend, synergistic with scaling, is the use of semiconductor technologies for diverse integrated systems applications. Decreasing physical size of the system may increase both system capability and application space. Therefore, in parallel with device scaling trends and limits, in the second part of this talk we consider system scaling.
Geiger-Mode APD Single Photon Detectors (2008)

We present experimental and modeling results for InP-based avalanche photodiodes designed for single photon counting in the wavelength range of 0.95-1.65 μm. We describe performance trade-offs and underlying mechanisms governing key device characteristics.
Accelerated randomized benchmarking (2015)

Quantum information processing offers promising advances for a wide range of fields and applications, provided that we can efficiently assess the performance of the control applied in candidate systems. That is, we must be able to determine whether we have implemented a desired gate, and refine accordingly. Randomized benchmarking reduces the difficulty of this task by exploiting symmetries in quantum operations. Here, we bound the resources required for benchmarking and show that, with prior information, we can achieve several orders of magnitude better accuracy than in traditional approaches to benchmarking. Moreover, by building on state-of-the-art classical algorithms, we reach these accuracies with near-optimal resources. Our approach requires an order of magnitude less data to achieve the same accuracies and to provide online estimates of the errors in the reported fidelities. We also show that our approach is useful for physical devices by comparing to simulations.
Structural Role of the 30's Loop in Determining the Ligand Specificity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease, (1998)

The structural basis of ligand specificity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease has been investigated by determining the crystal structures of three chimeric HIV proteases complexed with SB203386, a tripeptide analogue inhibitor. The chimeras are constructed by substituting amino acid residues in the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease sequence with the corresponding residues from HIV type 2 (HIV-2) in the region spanning residues 31-37 and in the active site cavity. SB203386 is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (Ki = 18 nM) but has a decreased affinity for HIV-2 protease (Ki = 1280 nM). Crystallographic analysis reveals that substitution of residues 31-37 (30's loop) with those of HIV-2 protease renders the chimera similar to HIV-2 protease in both the inhibitor binding affinity and mode of binding (two inhibitor molecules per protease dimer). However, further substitution of active site residues 47 and 82 has a compensatory effect which restores the HIV-1-like inhibitor binding mode (one inhibitor molecule in the center of the protease active site) and partially restores the affinity. Comparison of the three chimeric protease structures with those of HIV-1 and SIV proteases complexed with the same inhibitor reveals structural changes in the flap regions and the 80's loops, as well as changes in the dimensions of the active site cavity. The study provides structural evidence of the role of the 30's loop in conferring inhibitor specificity in HIV proteases.
Attributes of image quality for color prints (2010)

The evaluation of perceived image quality in color prints is a complex task due to its subjectivity and dimensionality. The perceived quality of an image is influenced by a number of different quality attributes. It is difficult and complicated to evaluate the influence of all attributes on overall image quality, and their influence on other attributes. Because of this difficulty, the most important attributes of a color image should be identified to achieve a more efficient and manageable evaluation of the image's quality. Based on a survey of the existing literature and a psychophysical experiment, we identify and categorize existing image quality attributes to propose a refined selection of meaningful ones for the evaluation of color prints.
Canadian Bacterial Diseases Network: a new approach to university-industry relationships. (1993)

Bacterial diseases are a substantial problem worldwide. Their diagnosis and therapy form the basis of a multibillion dollar industry. This industry is dynamic and is continuously revitalized by research. The Canadian Bacterial Diseases Network (CBDN) was established to capitalize on the enhanced opportunities that now exist for the rapid progression of an idea from conceptualization to implementation and, ultimately, commercialization. CBDN is one of 15 Networks of Centres of Excellence, a Federal Government initiative whose intention is to improve Canada's economic competitiveness in the global market. CBDN research involves fundamental science, is broadly-based, and encompasses all aspects of bacterial diseases. Current projects include the investigations of strategies to block Pseudomonas aeruginosa binding to epithelial cells and a novel anti-toxin approach for Escherichia coli. Also CBDN is investigating the basis for antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, and is devising improved procedures for overcoming such resistance mechanisms. CBDN is only 28 months into its first 4-year mandate; however, considerable successes have been enjoyed to date.
A Digital Subcarrier Multiplexing Technique for Increased Spectral Efficiency in Optical Systems Using Direct Detection (2010)

We propose a novel technique that allows direct detection of multicarrier signals without using DSP at the receiver. Performance at 55.5 Gb/s, back-to-back and after 1040 km of dispersion uncompensated link is assessed by simulations.
A Comparative Study of Water Electrodes Versus Metal Electrodes for Excitation of Nanosecond-Pulse Homogeneous Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Open Air (2013)

Atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasmas produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) provide a promising approach for civilian application of pulsed power technology. In this paper, repetitive nanosecond pulses were generated using a magnetic compression solid-state pulsed power generator, and the rise time and pulse duration of the nanosecond pulse are ~30 and 70 ns, respectively. The DBD in open air is created using two kinds of electrodes, i.e., water and metal electrodes. The electrical, luminous, and optical characteristics of the DBDs under these two electrodes are studied and compared. The experimental results show that no filaments are observed and the discharge is homogeneous when water electrodes are used. The DBD still behaves in a filamentary mode when the discharge gap is extended to 4 cm in the case of metal electrodes. The results are validated by fast images taken by an intensified charge-coupled device camera. In addition, some discussion about the experimental results is presented. Improvement of discharge uniformity is due to the effect of resistive stabilization using water electrodes.
Energy-Saving Mechanisms in the Time-Triggered Architecture (2010)

Energy consumption is a major issue in the design of embedded systems that are battery-driven. At the architectural level energy savings can be realized by a diversity of mechanisms. This paper presents the energy-savings mechanisms that are part of the time-triggered architecture (TTA). The paper starts with a general section on energy dissipation in VSLI circuits and an outline of the architectural style of the time-triggered architecture as far as it is relevant for energy efficiency. In the following three Sections we elaborate on the TTA energy-savings mechanisms at the system level, the component level, and of the communication system.
Neurotheranostics as personalized medicines (2018)

The discipline of neurotheranostics was forged to improve diagnostic and therapeutic clinical outcomes for neurological disorders. Research was facilitated, in largest measure, by the creation of pharmacologically effective multimodal pharmaceutical formulations. Deployment of neurotheranostic agents could revolutionize staging and improve nervous system disease therapeutic outcomes. However, obstacles in formulation design, drug loading and payload delivery still remain. These will certainly be aided by multidisciplinary basic research and clinical teams with pharmacology, nanotechnology, neuroscience and pharmaceutic expertise. When successful the end results will provide "optimal" therapeutic delivery platforms. The current report reviews an extensive body of knowledge of the natural history, epidemiology, pathogenesis and therapeutics of neurologic disease with an eye on how, when and under what circumstances neurotheranostics will soon be used as personalized medicines for a broad range of neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory and neuroinfectious diseases.
Oral lipoic acid as a treatment for acute optic neuritis: a blinded, placebo controlled randomized trial (2019)

Six weeks of oral lipoic acid supplementation after acute optic neuritis is safe and well tolerated; however, because of insufficient recruitment, we could not conclude that lipoic acid treatment was neuroprotective in acute optic neuritis.
Search for Squarks and Gluinos inpp¯Collisions ats=1.8TeV (1995)

We present a search for events consistent with the production and decay of the squarks and gluinos of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) in the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron $p\overline{p}$ collider. We examined data for events containing large missing transverse energy and three or more jets. We observed no excess of events above the expected yield from standard model processes. For a choice of MSSM parameter values, we set a lower limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino of 144 GeV ${/c}^{2}$ for all squark masses and a lower limit of 212 GeV ${/c}^{2}$ for equal squark and gluino masses.
Catastrophic quenching of superconductivity in melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ with second-phase additions (1995)

Using rf (microwave) currents, the quenching of superconductivity in melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ with second-phase additions at temperatures near the superconducting onset temperature has been observed. The current density was varied from roughly 104 to 105 A/cm2. Quenching is indicated by dramatic changes in the surface resistance, induced by a combination of the rf power level (current density), and an applied magnetic field. The catastrophic response is interpreted as the failure of a percolative network of junctions. The observed ‘‘failure’’ is attributed to variations in the critical current of the junctions. The junctions which fail are thought to be intragranular, not ‘‘weak links’’ associated with grain boundaries.
Hyper-Spectral Communications and Networking for ATM: Results and Prospective Future (2020)

Over the past two years we have worked on a project for NASA’s Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) University Leadership Initiative (ULI) program. Our project is entitled Hyper-Spectral Communications, Networking and ATM as Foundation for Safe and Efficient Future Flight: Transcending Aviation Operational Limitations with Diverse and Secure Multi-Band, Multi-Mode, and mmWave Wireless links. For brevity we abbreviate this title HSCNA. The four-institution HSCNA project is the only ULI program to address communications and networking, and thus far has been extremely productive: we have published 10 journal papers, 54 conference papers, 2 book chapters, and multiple technical reports, with another 10-20 papers in review, and 2 patent applications. In addition to publications we are developing a dual-band radio system for flight testing in the 2020 Boeing Eco-Demonstrator program, have developed systems for assessing wideband short-range millimeter wave (mmWave) airport radio links, and systems for detection of unauthorized unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). We have also developed a future Concept of Operations (ConOps) document and are developing a simulation tool to assess gains of our HSCNA technologies when used in the National Airspace System (NAS). In this paper we summarize our project and provide example results and findings. We first provide a short overview of the ULI program and its goals within the ARMD Strategic Implementation Plan. We then describe our project’s six primary tasks, which are specifically, (i) the ConOps development; (ii) a comprehensive categorization and evaluation of current and planned communications technologies that can be used for aviation, across frequency spectrum spanning five orders of magnitude (e.g., 3 MHz HF through 100 GHz), including evaluation of performance gaps; (iii) design, development, and proof-of-concept testing of a multi-band aviation communication system; (iv) evaluation of mmWave frequency bands and technologies for use in advanced airport communication applications; (v) evaluation of RF detection of unauthorized UAS via several techniques; and, (vi) development of a simulation system to enable exploration of potential gains of these HSCNA technologies in ATM. The example results we provide include analyses, computer simulations, laboratory experiments, and field testing. We also describe plans for the final phase of our project, and discuss impacts and future work.
Low-power, fast, selective nanoparticle-based hydrogen sulfide gas sensor (2012)

We demonstrate a small, low-cost, low-power, highly sensitive, and selective nanomaterials-based gas sensor. A network of tungsten oxide nanoparticles is heated by an on-chip microhotplate while the conductance of the network is monitored. The device can be heated with short pulses, thereby drastically lowering the power consumption, without diminishing the sensor response. The sensor shows high sensitivity to hydrogen sulfide and does not have significant cross sensitivities to hydrogen, water, or methane, gases likely to be present in operation. A sensing mechanism is proposed, and its effect on electronic properties is discussed.