gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison Of Roughness Measurements By Differential Scatter And Total Integrated Scatter (1985)

This paper discusses the problems involved in comparing the rms roughness values obtained from a plane of incidence differential scatterometer to those obtained from a TIS system. The theoretical justification for making the comparison and the importance of spatial frequency bandwidths are reviewed first. The two types of instruments are briefly described and referenced. Several practical problems relating to the types of samples that allow the comparison are presented. The comparison is independent of the surface height distribution (i.e., a Gaussian astribution is not required); however, because the data is taken in one plane only by the differential scatterometer only isotropic samples, one dimensional samples (grating like) or a combination of the two may be used to make the comparison. Then two less obvious mechanisms associated with TIS devices are discussed. These are the small angle scatter assumption and the angle of incidence variation at the detector. Both of these effects act to discriminate against high frequency roughness in the calculation of rms roughness from TIS data. Finally, some experimental comparisons of several samples are presented.
Saving face on Facebook: Privacy concerns, social benefits, and impression management (2014)

Use of online social networks is nearly ubiquitous. Use of these services generally entails substantial personal disclosure and elicits significant privacy concerns. This research uses Social Exchange Theory and the impression management literature to examine how privacy concerns can be counterbalanced by the perceived social benefits afforded by a social networkâs ability to support impression management. We frame social network use as an attempt to engage in impression management, and we highlight the importance of a social networkâs impression management capabilities in predicting social benefits from, and use of, a social network. We test our model with a sample of 244 Facebook users, finding strong support for the proposed relationships. Our theory has important implications for researchers and practitioners interested in privacy issues within social networks.
Phytochemical constituents from Acacia nilotica Delile with kinase inhibitory activity (2014)

From the stem bark of Acacia nilotica (L) Delile, two new peltogynoids, acanilol A (1) and acanilol B (2) were isolated together with the known triterpene lupenone. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data, mainly UV, NMR and mass spectrometry. The new compounds were tested as kinase inhibitors against CDK1, GSK3, CK1 and DYRK1A, and acanilol B was identified as a DYRK1A inhibitor, with an IC50 of 19µM.
Magnetic phase separation in artificialA-type antiferromagnetic films (2007)

We investigate the domain structures in artificial $A$-type antiferromagnetic (AF) film structures composed of AF-coupled $\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Pt}$ multilayers. By tuning the layer thickness or applying a magnetic field, we observed the coexistence of AF domains and ferromagnetic stripe domains. We find that a ferromagnetic phase exists at AF domain boundaries, causing complex mesoscopic domain patterns with surprising reversibility during minor loop field cycling.
Print quality assessment for stochastic clustered-dot halftones using compactness measures (2016)

Most electro-photographic printers prefer clustered-dot halftone textures for rendering smooth and stable prints. Clustered-dot halftone patterns can be periodic or aperiodic. As periodic clustered-dot halftone can lead to undesirable moiré patterns, stochastic clustered-dot halftone textures are more preferred. There are available different screening methods to generate stochastic clustered-dot halftone textures but there are no standard print quality assessment measures that can be easily used for quantitatively evaluating and comparing different stochastic clustered-dot halftoning methods. We explore the use of compactness measures for this purpose, and also propose a new compactness measure that seems good metric to quantitatively compare and assess the print quality of different stochastic clustered-dot halftoning methods. Using the proposed metric, we compare three different stochastic clustered-dot halftoning methods, and our results are almost in agreement with psychophysical experiments results reported earlier.
Improved DC performance and current stability of ultrathin-Al 2 O 3 /InAlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs with post-metallization-annealing process (2020)

Abstract We evaluated the effect of the post-metallization-annealing (PMA) process on drain current stability of InAlN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs) with a 1 nm thick ultrathin-Al 2 O 3 , by focusing on the Al 2 O 3 /InAlN interface properties. We clarified that the improvement in DC characteristics (drain current, on-state resistance, and transconductance) with PMA was attributed to the decrease in sheet resistance ( R sh ), and the current collapse evaluated by pulsed I – V characteristics was effectively suppressed, because of the reduction in the electronic states at the Al 2 O 3 /InAlN interface. Transmission electron microscope analysis of the Al 2 O 3 /InAlN structures revealed that the bond disorder at the Al 2 O 3 /InAlN interface was significantly recovered after PMA. It is considered that the PMA process is effective in enhancing the relaxation of dangling bonds and/or point defects at the Al 2 O 3 /InAlN interface, leading to the improved DC performance and current stability for the Al 2 O 3 /InAlN/GaN MOS-HEMTs.
Templated Growth of Alumina-Based Fibers through the Use of Anthracenic Organogelators (2002)

DDOA (2,3-bis(n-decyloxy)anthracene) has been successfully employed as a template to direct the growth of high-surface alumina-based fibers exhibiting bimodal porosity. Hybrid gels were obtained after thermal aging (at 40 °C) of an aqueous ethanol solution of AlCl3 entrapped by a previously formed DDOA organogel. SEM characterization showed that the hybrids were constituted by submicronic fibers (200−500 nm) aggregated into fibrous bundles (1−2 μm thick), and evidenced an important effect of pH conditions on fibers thickness and on fibers aggregation (intertwined or highly co-aligned). By calcining at 350 °C, the organic imprint was satisfactorily removed (confirmed by FTIR, EDAX, and chemical analyses) without disruption of the fibrous assemblies, leading to high surface (150−300 m2/g) alumina-based fibrous materials with an anisotropic porosity at the meso- (around 3−10 nm) and macroscales (confirmed by nitrogen sorption measurements and by TEM characterization). Very interestingly, the fibrous morphology was highly preserved after calcination at 800 °C and crystallization of transition aluminas and α-Al2O3.
Feedback inhibition of Akt signaling limits the growth of tumors lacking Tsc2 (2005)

The PTEN and TSC2 tumor suppressors inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and are defective in distinct hamartoma syndromes. Using mouse genetics, we find that Pten and Tsc2 act synergistically to suppress the severity of a subset of tumors specific to loss of each of these genes. Interestingly, we find that the slow-growing tumors specific to Tsc2 +/- mice exhibit defects in signaling downstream of Akt. However, Pten haploinsufficiency restores Akt signaling in these tumors and dramatically enhances their severity. This study demonstrates that attenuation of the PI3K-Akt pathway in tumors lacking TSC2 contributes to their benign nature.
All-inkjet-printed flexible electronics fabrication on a polymer substrate by low-temperature high-resolution selective laser sintering of metal nanoparticles (2007)

All-printed electronics is the key technology to ultra-low-cost, large-area electronics. As a critical step in this direction, we demonstrate that laser sintering of inkjet-printed metal nanoparticles enables low-temperature metal deposition as well as high-resolution patterning to overcome the resolution limitation of the current inkjet direct writing processes. To demonstrate this process combined with the implementation of air-stable carboxylate-functionalized polythiophenes, high-resolution organic transistors were fabricated in ambient pressure and room temperature without utilizing any photolithographic steps or requiring a vacuum deposition process. Local thermal control of the laser sintering process could minimize the heat-affected zone and the thermal damage to the substrate and further enhance the resolution of the process. This local nanoparticle deposition and energy coupling enable an environmentally friendly and cost-effective process as well as a low-temperature manufacturing sequence to realize large-area, flexible electronics on polymer substrates.
Broadband, High-Linearity Switches for Millimeter-Wave Mixers Using Scaled SOI CMOS (2022)

This work demonstrates new circuit techniques in distributed-stacked-complimentary (DiSCo) switches that enable picosecond switching speed in RF CMOS SOI switches. By using series-stacked devices with optimized gate impedance and voltage swing, both high linearity and fast switching are possible. A theoretical analysis and design framework has been developed and verified through simulation and measurement through two broadband, high-linearity passive mixer designs, one optimized for linearity and the other for bandwidth, using a 45-nm SOI CMOS process. The mixers achieve P1dBs of 16-22 dBm with IIP3s of 25-34 dBm across a bandwidth from 1 GHz up to 30 GHz. This performance exceeds prior SOI RF and microwave mixer performance by more than an order of magnitude and is comparable to III-V device technologies. The mixers include integrated local oscillator (LO) driving amplifiers for high efficiency operation and low total power consumption. DC power consumption ranges from 250 mW to 1 W for the LO driver. The integrated LO drivers demonstrate a pathway to on-chip LO generation with simplified matching to maximize LO power delivered to the input of the switch.
Current-induced tunnel magnetoresistance due to spin accumulation in Au nanoparticles (2008)

Spin-dependent single electron tunneling was investigated in a magnetic double tunnel junction including Au nanoparticles as a center electrode. Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) clearly emerged with increasing spin-polarized current injected into Au nanoparticles and reached a maximum value of about 12% at 4.2K. The observation indicates that spin accumulation occurs in Au nanoparticles and causes TMR. The spin relaxation time in Au nanoparticles, as estimated from the critical current for the appearance of TMR, is of the order of 10ns, which is much longer than that in the bulk state.
Frequency Domain capture of light fields using Heterodyning: Analysis of Aliasing (2012)

We analyze the modulation of a light-field via non-refracting attenuators. The design first proposed in [8] exploits frequency-domain modulation to achieve a more efficient encoding. We study the aliasing in the sensed light field and discuss the effects of aliasing on mask based heterodyning light field camera. 1.
Mainstream partial nitritation/anammox: Balancing overall sustainability with energy savings (2012)

Implementation of one-stage nitritation/anammox (i.e. deammonification) for the treatment of sludge digestates allowed net energy positive operation in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Strass (Austria). To further optimize the overall energy efficiency a first trial to expand the deammonification process to the full-plant wastewater treatment system was performed. The effluent quality, greenhouse gas emissions, energy balance and overall CO2 footprint before and after implementation of mainstream DEMON® were evaluated in this study after one year of operation. In the effluent, a shift from nitrate over nitrite ratios of 31 to ratios of 2 was observed. The higher nitrite levels caused higher N2O emissions up to 2.3% of the N load in the B-stage, increasing the overall greenhouse gas emission of the plant significantly. For the present situation with mainstream DEMON, 11% of the electricity demand in the B-stage could be saved allowing higher net energy productions. These higher energy recoveries could not totally counteract the increased N2O emissions, resulting in a higher CO2 footprint of 36 kg CO2-eq PE−1 year−1 compared to 7 kg CO2-eq PE−1 year−1 before mainstream DEMON. Further optimization of the operational conditions in the mainstream will reveal if higher energy savings can be obtained at lower N2O emissions. First hints towards this can be given based on experimental trials carried out for this study.
ChemInform Abstract: (3,3‐DIMETHYLALLYL)DIISOPINOCAMPHEYLBORANE: A NOVEL REAGENT FOR CHIRAL ISOPRENYLATION OF ALDEHYDES. SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐ AND (‐)‐ARTEMISIA ALCOHOL IN EXCEPTIONALLY HIGH ENANTIOMERIC PURITY (1984)

Abstract Das aus (‐)‐a‐Pinen erhaltene (?‐Diisopinocampheylboran (1) reagiert mit B‐Methyl‐12‐butadien (II) zum Boran (I11), das mit Aldehyden (IV) Addukte ergibt, die mit alkalischem Wasserstoffperoxid zu Alkoholen (V) gespalten werden.
Intracavity Pulse-Duration Measurements in a sub-10 fs Ti:sapphire Laser Oscillator (1994)

Recent advances in ultrashort-pulse Ti:sapphire laser technology 1 - 6 have made it possible to routinely generate optical pulses of ~10 fs duration using stable, reliable, and easy-to-use lasers. The Kerr-lens modulation mechanism for mode-locking in these lasers has been identified, 7 and the effect of high-order dispersion on the pulse duration has also been demonstrated. 1 - 4 However, a comprehensive theory covering the operation of these lasers has not been developed, and the ultimate limit of the obtainable pulse-duration is still unclear. We have made measurements demonstrating that sub 10-fs pulses can be produced from a mode-locked laser. We have also compared spectral measurements from the laser with calculations of the dispersion of the laser, and have concluded that even in the case of an 8-9 fs pulse, the primary limitation on even shorter pulse duration is dispersion, and not nonlinear effects. Thus, there remains the prospect of generating even shorter-duration pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser. We have also made measurements of the time-duration and chirp of the optical pulse at various points within the laser cavity. These measurements are also consistent with linear dispersion.
Assessing the acute toxicity of insecticides to the buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris audax) (2020)

The buff-tailed bumblebee, Bombus terrestris audax is an important pollinator within both landscape ecosystems and agricultural crops. During their lifetime bumblebees are regularly challenged by various environmental stressors including insecticides. Historically the honey bee (Apis mellifera spp.) has been used as an 'indicator' species for 'standard' ecotoxicological testing, but it has been suggested that it is not always a good proxy for other eusocial or solitary bees. To investigate this, the susceptibility of B. terrestris to selected pesticides within the neonicotinoid, pyrethroid and organophosphate classes was examined using acute insecticide bioassays. Acute oral and topical LD<sub>50</sub> values for B. terrestris against these insecticides were broadly consistent with published results for A. mellifera. For the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid was highly toxic, but thiacloprid and acetamiprid were practically non-toxic. For pyrethroids, deltamethrin was highly toxic, but tau-fluvalinate only slightly toxic. For the organophosphates, chlorpyrifos was highly toxic, but coumaphos practically non-toxic. Bioassays using insecticides with common synergists enhanced the sensitivity of B. terrestris to several insecticides, suggesting detoxification enzymes may provide a level of protection against these compounds. The sensitivity of B. terrestris to compounds within three different insecticide classes is similar to that reported for honey bees, with marked variation in sensitivity to different insecticides within the same insecticide class observed in both species. This finding highlights the need to consider each compound within an insecticide class in isolation rather than extrapolating between different insecticides in the same class or sharing the same mode of action.
Single and Multiple Insertion of Carbon−Carbon Triple Bonds into the Palladium−Aryl Bond of Cationic and Neutral Arylpalladium Complexes with a 2,2‘-Bipyridine Ligand (2000)

Dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate reacts with PdI(C6H3Me2-3,5)(bpy) in the presence of AgBF4, causing rapid insertion of three acetylene molecules into the Pd−C bond to afford (Z = COOMe), whereas a similar reaction without AgBF4 gives the product of a single insertion of the carbon−carbon triple bond, Pd(I)(CZCZC6H3Me2-3,5)(bpy).
Metrology and inspection rquirements for 3D stacking of ICs (2012)

As semiconductor devices become smaller and smaller, to keep up with Moore's law, their manufacturing cost increases. Transistors have been continuing to scale and improve in performance. However, the performance improvement gained by scaling is gradually becoming insignificant compared to the negative effects of the interconnect scaling. This had been already predicted by Bohr et al. in 1995. One of the workable ways forward is by reducing the average length of the interconnects. This can be done by forming a new type of vertical interconnect technology that achieves micron scale connections known as TSVs. In order to make this new technology a success several metrology and inspection requirements need to be tackled. In general, the critical 3D processes have been identified to be (i) TSV formation (ii) IC wafer thinning (iii) Debonding and stacking module. In the table below the key challenges within each of the modules have been identified and also the possible solutions for each one of the challenges have been mentioned.
A Potential Field Method for Path Planning Into Cavities Defined by B-Splines (1998)

Abstract This paper describes a potential field approach to robot path planning into cavities defined by B-splines. It discusses existing methods, and describes the development of a Voronoi tree using intersecting hodographs. The Voronoi tree is similar to the Voronoi diagram in that it is maximally distant from all objects in the robot’s environment, but the Voronoi tree is developed for cavities modeled by splines. By adding a potential field to the robot manipulator, a robot path can be found by seeking the manipulator position with the minimum value of the potential function. This position as defined by the potential field is also maximally distant from cavity walls. Results with the potential field method are discussed and conclusions are drawn.
Dead cell discrimination with 7‐amino‐actinomcin D in combination with dual color immunofluorescence in single laser flow cytometry (1992)

Identification of nonviable cells in immunofluorescently stained cell populations is essential for obtaining accurate data. Fluorescent non-vital DNA dyes, particularly propidium iodide (PI), have been used routinely in flow cytometry for discrimination of dead cells from viable cells on the basis of fluorescence. We describe here the use of an alternative DNA dye, 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD), which can replace PI for the exclusion of nonviable cells. As an example, we present in this paper the utilization of 7-AAD on various leukemic cell lines for dead cell exclusion whenever the viable cell population could not be discriminated reliably from nonviable cells on the light scatter histogram; 7-AAD is suitable for dead cell discrimination in lengthy experiments because it is efficiently excluded by intact cells and has a high DNA binding constant. In addition, the dye is valuable in combination with phycoerythrin (PE)-fluorescence dual-color flow cytometry on a single argon laser instrument, since its emission in the far red can easily be separated from the emission of PE; 7-AAD was used on fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC) and PE surface-labeled human thymocytes for characterization of the dying subpopulation of cells which is undergoing programmed cell death. In this heterogeneous cell preparation, the spectral properties of the dye permitted the classification of viable and nonviable cell subpopulations by multiparameter analysis.
Multi-Mode Excitation of a Clamped-Clamped Microbeam Resonator (2014)

We present modeling and simulation of the nonlinear dynamics of a MEMS resonator to two-source excitation. The resonator is composed of a clamped-clamped beam excited by a DC voltage load superimposed to two AC voltage loads of different frequencies. One frequency is chosen to be close to the first natural frequency of the beam and the other close to the third (second symmetric) natural frequency. A multi-mode Galerkin procedure is applied to extract a reduced-order model, which forms the basis of the numerical simulations. Time history response, Poincare’ sections, Fast Fourier Transforms FFT, and bifurcation diagrams are used to reveal the dynamics of the system. The results indicate complex nonlinear phenomena, which include quasi-periodic motion, torus bifurcations, and modulated chaotic attractors.
The immune cell landscape in kidneys of lupus nephritis patients (2018)

ABSTRACT Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease, whose current treatment is ineffective and often toxic. To gain insights into disease mechanisms, we analyzed kidney samples from lupus nephritis patients and healthy controls using single-cell RNA-seq. Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including multiple populations of myeloid, T, NK and B cells, demonstrating both pro-inflammatory and resolving responses. We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an age-associated B cell signature, and of progressive stages of monocyte differentiation within the kidney. A clear interferon response was observed in most cells. Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CX3CR1, were broadly expressed, pointing to potential therapeutic targets. Gene expression of immune cells in urine and kidney was highly correlated, suggesting urine may be a surrogate for kidney biopsies. Our results provide a first comprehensive view of the complex network of leukocytes active in lupus nephritis kidneys.