gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional vector coupled-wave analysis of planar-grating diffraction (1983)

Diffraction by an arbitrarily oriented planar grating with slanted fringes is analyzed using rigorous three-dimensional vector coupled-wave analysis. The method applies to any sinusoidal or nonsinusoidal amplitude and/or phase grating, any plane-wave angle of incidence, and any linear polarization. In the resulting (conical) diffraction, it is shown that coupling exists between all space-harmonic vector fields inside the grating (corresponding to diffracted orders outside the grating). Therefore the TE and TM components of an incident wave are each coupled to all the TE and TM components of all the forward- and backward-diffracted waves. For a general Bragg angle of incidence, it is shown that the diffraction efficiency can approach 100% for a lossless grating if either the incident electric field or the magnetic field is perpendicular to the grating vector. Maximum coupling between incident and diffracted waves is shown to occur when the incident electric field is perpendicular to the grating vector. In general, the diffracted waves are shown to be elliptically polarized. The three-dimensional vector coupled-wave analysis presented is shown to reduce to ordinary rigorous coupled-wave theory when the grating vector lies in the plane of incidence.
Nori: Concealing the Concealed Identifier in 5G (2021)

IMSI catchers have been a long standing and serious privacy problem in pre-5G mobile networks. To tackle this, 3GPP introduced the Subscription Concealed Identifier (SUCI) and other countermeasures in 5G. In this paper, we analyze the new SUCI mechanism and discover that it provides very poor anonymity when used with the variable length Network Specific Identifiers (NSI), which are part of the 5G standard. When applied to real-world name length data, we see that SUCI only provides 1-anonymity, meaning that individual subscribers can easily be identified and tracked. We strongly recommend 3GPP and GSMA to standardize and recommend the use of a padding mechanism for SUCI before variable length identifiers get more commonly used. We further show that the padding schemes, commonly used for network traffic, are not optimal for padding of identifiers based on real names. We propose a new improved padding scheme that achieves much less message expansion for a given k-anonymity.
Beam Deflection for Time-resolved Measurement of Nonlinear Refraction (2013)

We modify the photothermal beam deflection technique for the sensitive measurement of ultrafast nonlinear refraction (λ/5000 sensitivity to nonlinearly-induced phase changes). This allows direct measurement of the temporal dynamics and polarization dependence of nonlinear refraction.
Motion and force control for multiple cooperative manipulators (2003)

The authors address the problem of motion and force control of multiple robot arms manipulating an object. A general control paradigm that decouples the motion and force control problems is introduced. For motion control, different control strategies are constructed on the basis of control input variables. There are three natural choices: joint torques, arm tip force vectors, and the acceleration of a generalized coordinate. The first choice allows relatively model-independent control by exploiting the Hamiltonian structure of the open-loop system. The latter two require the full model information but produce simpler control design problems. The motion control determines the joint torque only to within a manifold, owing to the multiple-arm kinematic constraint. To resolve the nonuniqueness of the joint torques, two methods are introduced. If the arm and object models are available, the allocation of the desired end-effector control force to the joint actuators can be optimized. The other possibility is to control the internal force about some set point. Effective force regulation can be achieved with little model information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A feasibility study of elastography on abdominal aneurysms (2006)

In this work, the feasibility of the elastography method for the follow-up of abdominal aneurysm (AA) is studied on a canine model. Experiments were performed at different times of the follow-up treatment, before implantation of the Stent Graft (SG), right after implantation, and 3 months later. Data were acquired with an intravascular and an external ultrasound scanners. Several aspects were investigated. First, changes of mechanical properties associated with aneurysms were studied in the aneurysmal wall and the neck region before SG implantation. Secondly, we investigated the feasibility of studying possible changes in arterial wall elasticity due to SG constrain after SG implantation. Finally the healing process in the aneurysmal sac is evaluated after 3 months. The preliminary results showed the possibility to discriminate healthy wall in the neck from aneurysm wall, and the mechanical different behavior of the well-healed aneurysm from a badly healed one. I. INTRODUCTION Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) affect between 5 and 7% of the population older than 60 years old in the USA. They are characterized by a permanent dilatation of the aorta due to weakening of its mechanical properties. Their rupture is a ma- jor cause of mortality, responsable for more than 15,000 deaths each year in the USA (http://www.nationmaster.com/graph- T/mor_aor_ane_and_dis). The choice of AAA treatment is based on the risk of rupture, which is calculated based on aneurysm size and growth. Finite element models are a promising way to better determine risks associated with each aneurysm, but mechanical properties are missing. Surgical replacement of the aneurysmal segment is presently the stan- dard treatment but the endovascular treatment with a SG to exclude the aneurysm (Fig.1) offers a less invasive alternative, which allows to reduce surgical risks and time of recovery for patients. Its widespread use is however limited by relatively frequent complications, which mechanisms are still poorly understood. The extent of the pathology prior to treatment, the impact of the treatment on biological and mechanical properties of the vessel wall, and deficient healing of the fresh- formed thrombus around the implant may play significant roles in these complications. Nevertheless, this technique has the advantage to be less invasive and to reduce the immediate rates of mortality, however several drawbacks limit its efficacy in the long term because of the deficient healing around the SG (1). The study of the mechanical behavior of the arterial wall is thus of interest because an aneurysm is characterized by a dilation of the artery associated with changes in its mechanical and biological properties. It would also be of interest to evaluate the SG healing process through an examination of the mechanical properties of fresh-formed thrombus between the SG and the aneurysm. Then, elastography seems to be a good modality to provide such extra informations, both for the diagnosis as well as for the treatment follow up.
Improved Diagnosis Methodology for Multi-Defect Scenarios in High Compression Scan based Designs (2019)

Need for competitive part with reduced cost of build is pushing the boundaries of scan compression adoption in high volume designs. This opens up multiple challenges in effective failure diagnosis, especially in deep sub nanometer designs with higher defect densities and higher probabilities of multi-defect failures. While there are many conventional methods available to address this challenge, they largely suffer from poor accuracy or are time intensive; more particularly at higher scan compression. In this paper, we present a new robust multiple defect diagnosis algorithm and methodology, aimed at achieving high accuracy and resolution in the presence of multiple defects independent of the compression solution implemented. We also present summary from a detailed evaluation conducted to study the efficacy of the proposed diagnostic methodology. Experimental results on a 45nm industrial design indicate significant improvement in accuracy and resolution at 450X high scan compression using the proposed methodology.
Mobilizing Pakistani heritage, approaching marriage (2019)

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the ongoing significance of Pakistani heritage in the lives of young British Pakistani Muslims. Drawing upon interviews with 56 women and men, it explores the link between Pakistani heritage and young peoples’ lives, focusing upon marriage.Pakistani heritage is widely regarded as a constraint and an anachronism, which young people are jettisoning in favour of religious or secular identities: as Muslims, British, or both. This is a half-truth, at most. Some young people are turning away from Pakistaniness, but others are embracing and exploring versions and elements of this heritage as they make decisions about whether, when and whom to marry.Whether they are rejecting or embracing Pakistani heritage, young people are actively mobilizing the terms “Pakistan” and “Pakistani” as springboards from which to identify and make life choices. They are exploring possibilities rather than acknowledging inevitabilities, and approaching heritage as a resource rather than a constraint.
Single-sideband suppressed-carrier optical modulator for wideband rf signal processing (2002)

Summary form only given. We describe a new and simple technique for implementing a wide bandwidth single sideband suppressed-carrier (SSB-SC) optical modulator. The modulator is built with all commercial components and demonstrates >40 dB optical carrier suppression, and as much as 60 dB unwanted signal sideband rejection across a 6-20 GHz microwave frequency range. The modulator is used to show microwave signal processing such as spectral shifting and inversion over 3-18 GHz.
329 (2013)

Introduction: Mechanical ventilation (MV) may disturb pulmonary vascular efficiency (PVE) and right ventricular function during ARDS. However, reliable continuous tools for monitoring PVE are lacking. Augmentation index (AI) is a pressure waveform (WF) derived parameter inversely related to vascular efficiency. Theoretically, lung collapse would reduce PVE (and thus increase AI), while a recruited, open lung would increase PVE (and reduce AI). Methods: Experimental ARDS was induced in 9 pigs by repeated lung lavages plus injurious MV. Animals were ventilated with a tidal volume=6 ml/kg, FIO2=1 and respiratory rate adjusted to an end-tidal CO2=45–60mmHg. We studied different lung conditions resulting from different PEEP levels: Open Lung PEEP (OLP): PEEP adjusted 2 cmH2O above best dynamic compliance obtained during a decremental PEEP trial after lung recruitment (minimum lung collapse); PEEP 10cmH2O: (moderate lung collapse); and PEEP 5cmH2O (significant lung collapse). After 40 min stabilization at each condition pulmonary artery (PA) flow and pressure WF were acquired by a high-fidelity microtip manometer and an instantaneous transonic pulmonary flow probe placed in the main PA by a small lateral thoracotomy. Advanced WF analysis allowed to calculate the backward pressure (Pb) (Pb refers to the pressure provoked by vascular wave reflection which is inversely related with vascular efficiency) and to identify the inflection point (Pi) on the ascending limb of the systolic pressure waveform. We evaluated the following parameters: Augmented pressure (AP): Systolic PA pressure minus Pi, related to the magnitude of the reflected pressure wave; AI: ratio between the AP and PA pulse pressure, a quantification of the extent of wave reflection. Pb amplitude (APb): Pb peak minus Pb foot; time to Pi and to Pb foot both referred to the foot of the PA pressure waveform. Results: AI was higher after ARDS induction (0.51 ± 0.12) compared with baseline (0.44 ± 0.17) and was lower in OLP(0.21 ± 0.11) than in PEEP10 (0.38 ± 0.12) and PEEP5 (0.45 ± 0.13). A high correlation was found between the AP and the APb (r=0.78, p<0.001) and between time to Pi and time to Pb foot (r=0.86, p<0.001). Conclusions: AI was closely related to established PVE indexes, and was in agreement with the hypothesis, lower in a fully recruited lung compared with lung collapse. If this result is confirmed in clinical scenario, AI could become in a useful tool for monitoring PVE during ARDS.
1.3μm Electroabsorption Modulator with InAs/InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots (2009)

Electroabsorption properties of 1.3μm InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot electroabsorption modulator (EAM) are investigated. Onset of absorption to higher electric field suggests the potential to achieve higher optical power handling capability than conventional EAM.
Material softening issues in a multiphysics virtual wind tunnel environment (2002)

This effort explores some of the issues associated with a multiphysics-b ased virtual wind tunnel environment. The basis of this approach is the integration of a composite material behavior identification methodology, along with a coupled structure fluid interaction numerical and computational methodology. Parallel codes were utilized to solve the PDEs of the coupled fluid-structure interaction problem, and to predict the energy absorption and material softening distributions on a wing structure, for various angles of attack and far field Mach numbers. The structural solution was computed on the geometry of the AGARD 445.6 wing for the case of a polymer matrix composite (PMC), with a local measure of softening damage based on nonlinear constitutive behavior determined from experiment. Hot zones of incipient softening were observed to shift unexpectedly with angle of attack and Mach number.
Recent progress of Spectrolab high-efficiency space solar cells (2013)

Recent progress in III-V multijunction space solar cell has led to Spectrolab’s GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction, XTJ, cells with average 1-sun efficiency of 29% (AM0, 28&deg;C) for cell size ranging from 59 to 72-cm<sup>2</sup>. High-efficiency inverted metamorphic (IMM) multijunction cells are developed as the next space solar cell architecture. Spectrolab’s large-area IMM3J and IMM4J cells have achieved 33% and 34% 1-sun, AM0 efficiencies, respectively. The IMM3J and the IMM4J cells have both demonstrated normalized power retention of 0.86 at 5x10<sup>14</sup> e-/cm<sup>2 </sup>fluence and 0.83 and 0.82 at 1x10<sup>15</sup> e-/cm<sup>2</sup> fluence post 1-MeV electron radiation, respectively. The IMM cells were further assembled into coverglass-interconnect-cell (CIC) strings and affixed to typical rigid aluminum honeycomb panels for thermal cycling characterization. Preliminary temperature cycling data of two coupons populated with IMM cell strings showed no performance degradation. Spectrolab has also developed semiconductor bonded technology (SBT) where highperformance component subcells were grown on GaAs and InP substrates separately then bonded directly to form the final multijunction cells. Large-area SBT 5-junction cells have achieved a 35.1% efficiency under 1-sun, AM0 condition.
Measurement of the shape of the Λb0→Λc+μ−ν¯μ differential decay rate (2017)

A measurement of the shape of the differential decay rate and the associated Isgur-Wise function for the decay ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ is reported, using data corresponding to $3\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ collected with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions. The ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}(+\mathrm{anything})$ final states are reconstructed through the detection of a muon and a ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}$ baryon decaying into $p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, and the decays ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ are used to determine contributions from ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{*+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ decays. The measured dependence of the differential decay rate upon the squared four-momentum transfer between the heavy baryons, ${q}^{2}$, is compared with expectations from heavy-quark effective theory and from unquenched lattice QCD predictions.
SFXN1 is a mitochondrial serine transporter required for one-carbon metabolism (2018)

One-carbon metabolism generates the one-carbon units required to synthesize many critical metabolites, including nucleotides. The pathway has cytosolic and mitochondrial branches, and a key step is the entry, through an unknown mechanism, of serine into mitochondria, where it is converted into glycine and formate. In a CRISPR-based genetic screen in human cells for genes of the mitochondrial pathway, we found sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1), a multipass inner mitochondrial membrane protein of unclear function. Like cells missing mitochondrial components of one-carbon metabolism, those null for SFXN1 are defective in glycine and purine synthesis. Cells lacking SFXN1 and one of its four homologs, SFXN3, have more severe defects, including being auxotrophic for glycine. Purified SFXN1 transports serine in vitro. Thus, SFXN1 functions as a mitochondrial serine transporter in one-carbon metabolism.
Understanding the Mucosal Immune System for Better Mucosal Vaccine Design (2012)

Administration of vaccines via the mucosal surfaces (oral, intranasal, or urogenital) offers the promise of inducing efficient defense against microbial pathogens that gain entry via the mucosal surfaces, including influenza, HIV, hepatitis, and enteric pathogens. Moreover, vaccination at these mucosal sites is expected to provide a simplified mode of vaccine delivery with no need for sterilized syringes or trained personnel, and represents a modality in which mass immunization would be possible in the face of pandemics and epidemics. However, due to the excessive amount of antigenic material to which mucosal surfaces are normally exposed, the mucosal immune system has developed strategies to minimize unnecessary immune responsiveness to antigens introduced to mucosal surfaces. Such strategic maneuvering by the mucosal immune system has resulted in mechanisms that have introduced significant barriers to the effectiveness of mucosal vaccines. Understanding these potential barriers in the context of mucosal vaccine design is important to the development of more effective vaccines for the future.
Comparative serum stability of radiochelates for antibody radiopharmaceuticals. (1987)

Serum incubation of monoclonal antibodies chelate labeled by DTPA, benzyl-EDTA and benzyl-TETA with 111In, 57Co, and 67Cu demonstrated marked differences in their stability. In serum, 111In-benzyl-EDTA-antibody was more stable than 111In-DTPA-antibody. Cobalt-57 or 67Cu chelated antibody were less stable than either 111In chelated antibody; 67Cu was only firmly attached to the antibody as 67Cu-benzyl-TETA-antibody. The relative stability of the radiometal chelated antibodies was paralleled by the relative stability in serum of the radiometal chelates themselves. These in vitro studies suggest that in vivo behavior of metal chelates exposed to a complex protein environment cannot be predicted by classical equilibrium constants.
Sonochemical Coating of Cotton and Polyester Fabrics with “Antibacterial” BSA and Casein Spheres (2011)

A novel antibacterial coating for cotton and polyester fabrics has been developed by using drug-loaded proteinaceous microspheres made of bovine serum albumin and casein proteins. The microbubbles were created and anchored onto the fabrics (see figure) in a one-step reaction that lasts 3 min. The sonochemically produced "antibacterial fabrics" have been characterized. The efficiency of the sonochemical process in converting the native proteins into microspheres, encapsulating the drug, and coating the fabric has also been studied.
On the Design and Materials Selection of Composite Material Ocean Flexible Pipe (2015)

This paper aims to discuss the composite materials application in ocean oil and gas flexible pipes, from the functional principles to the technical methodology in materials selection and pipe structure design.
Disordered Nanomaterials for Chemielectric Vapor Sensing: A Review (2014)

Although robust chemical vapor detection by chemielectric point sensors remains as a largely unmet challenge at present, the best performance to date and the most likely avenue for future progress is with sensor designs in which the transductive element is a disordered nanostructured material. We here review the evidence for this claim, with illustrations drawn from recent work on sensors made from gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets. These examples can be regarded as being prototypical of disordered nanostructured films formed of primitive objects that are nanoscopic in 3-D, 2-D, and 1-D, respectively.
Microfluidic System for Studying the Interaction of Nanoparticles and Microparticles with Cells (2005)

Nanoparticles and microparticles have many potential biomedical applications ranging from imaging to drug delivery. Therefore, in vitro systems that can analyze and optimize the interaction of such particles with cells may be beneficial. Here, we report a microfluidic system that can be used to study these interactions. As a model system, we evaluated the interaction of polymeric nanoparticles and microparticles and similar particles conjugated to aptamers that recognize the transmembrane prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), with cells seeded in microchannels. The binding of particles to cells that expressed or did not express the PSMA (LNCaP or PC3, respectively) were evaluated with respect to changes in fluid shear stress, PSMA expression on target cells, and particle size. Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates selectively adhered to LNCaP but not PC3 cells at static and low shear (<1 dyn/cm2) but not higher shear (approximately 4.5 dyn/cm2) conditions. Control nanoparticles and microparticles lacking aptamers and microparticle-aptamer bioconjugates did not adhere to LNCaP cells, even under very low shear conditions (approximately 0.28 dyn/cm2). These results demonstrate that the interaction of particles with cells can be studied under controlled conditions, which may aid in the engineering of desired particle characteristics. The scalability, low cost, reproducibility, and high-throughput capability of this technology is potentially beneficial to examining and optimizing a wide array of cell-particle systems prior to in vivo experiments.