gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The transcription factor Prox1 is essential for satellite cell differentiation and muscle fibre-type regulation (2016)

The remarkable adaptive and regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle is regulated by several transcription factors and pathways. Here we show that the transcription factor Prox1 is an important regulator of myoblast differentiation and of slow muscle fibre type. In both rodent and human skeletal muscles Prox1 is specifically expressed in slow muscle fibres and in muscle stem cells called satellite cells. Prox1 activates the NFAT signalling pathway and is necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of the gene program of slow muscle fibre type. Using lineage-tracing we show that Prox1-positive satellite cells differentiate into muscle fibres. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Prox1 is a critical transcription factor for the differentiation of myoblasts via bi-directional crosstalk with Notch1. These results identify Prox1 as an essential transcription factor that regulates skeletal muscle phenotype and myoblast differentiation by interacting with the NFAT and Notch pathways.
Quantitative study of high dynamic range Sigma-Delta-based focal plane array architectures (2004)

The paper investigates the suitability of &Sigma;&Delta; modulation based FPA readout schemes for use in Vertically Interconnected Sensor Arrays requiring ultra high dynamic range and frame rate. It is shown that the extended counting scheme is capable of achieving the DR and frame rate requirements but at the expense of high power consumption. Extended counting is also shown to outperform several other HDR schemes in terms of SNR at the ultra high DR and frame rate.
Novel Membrane and Systems for Industrial and Municipal Water Purification and Reuse (2019)

Over the last five years, GE Global Research, University of Colorado-Boulder and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) teamed to develop nano-engineered, high permeance membrane materials that outperform conventional RO membranes. The team explored liquid and gas-phase molecular layer by layer synthesis (mLbLS) strategies and manufacturing processes for cost effective production of the novel materials. The objective of this project was to decrease the energy consumption of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane separation processes by 50%, while also decreasing the environmental impact and cost of water. The team was successful in identify two promising approaches to achieve that end goal.
Considering Mechanical Advantage in the Design and Actuation of an Origami-Based Mechanism (2015)

Increased interest in origami-based mechanisms has resulted in designers looking to them for solutions to engineering problems. Of particular interest is the ability to develop self-folding mechanisms that perform a pre-determined function in the presence of an applied field, requiring models that predict the mechanism’s force-deflection behavior and actuation input needs. In order to assist in the design of such mechanisms, this paper presents a model of the mechanical advantage for origami-based forceps (Oriceps) and explores how modifying the parameters of the model affects their behavior. The model is used to predict the force output of Oriceps actuated in an applied magnetic field. The predictions of the model are validated through experimental data.
Multi-omic single-cell snapshots reveal multiple independent trajectories to drug tolerance in a melanoma cell line (2020)

The determination of individual cell trajectories through a high-dimensional cell-state space is an outstanding challenge for understanding biological changes ranging from cellular differentiation to epigenetic responses of diseased cells upon drugging. We integrate experiments and theory to determine the trajectories that single BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> mutant melanoma cancer cells take between drug-naive and drug-tolerant states. Although single-cell omics tools can yield snapshots of the cell-state landscape, the determination of individual cell trajectories through that space can be confounded by stochastic cell-state switching. We assayed for a panel of signaling, phenotypic, and metabolic regulators at points across 5 days of drug treatment to uncover a cell-state landscape with two paths connecting drug-naive and drug-tolerant states. The trajectory a given cell takes depends upon the drug-naive level of a lineage-restricted transcription factor. Each trajectory exhibits unique druggable susceptibilities, thus updating the paradigm of adaptive resistance development in an isogenic cell population.
Evaluation of subclinical chronic sun damage in the skin via the detection of long‐lasting ultraweak photon emission (2021)

Subtle oxidative stress detected by long-lasting UPE may contribute to subclinical cutaneous damage at the beginning phase of chronic sun exposure, which potentially enhances skin photoaging over a lifetime.
JAK2 Tyrosine Kinase Phosphorylates PAK1 and Regulates PAK1 Activity and Functions (2007)

The serine-threonine kinase PAK1 is activated by small GTPase-dependent and -independent mechanisms and promotes cell survival. However, the role of tyrosyl phosphorylation in the regulation of PAK1 function is poorly understood. In this study, we have shown that the prolactin-activated tyrosine kinase JAK2 phosphorylates PAK1 in vivo. Wild type, but not kinase-dead, JAK2 directly phosphorylates PAK1 in cells and in an in vitro kinase assay. PAK1 tyrosines 153, 201, and 285 were identified as sites of JAK2 tyrosyl phosphorylation by mass spectrometry and two-dimensional peptide mapping. Mutation of PAK1 tyrosines 153, 201, and 285 to phenylalanines individually or in combination implicated these PAK1 tyrosines in the regulation of PAK1 kinase activity. Tyrosyl phosphorylation by JAK2 significantly increases PAK1 kinase activity, whereas similar phosphorylation of the PAK1 Y153F,Y201F,Y285F mutant has no effect on PAK1 activity. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of wild type PAK1 decreases apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and staurosporine treatment and increases cell motility. In contrast, these parameters are unaltered in the PAK1 Y153F,Y201F,Y285F mutant. Our findings indicate that JAK2 phosphorylates PAK1 at these specific tyrosines and that this phosphorylation plays an important role in cell survival and motility.
Two‐Step Synthesis of Carbohydrates by Selective Aldol Reactions (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
BODIPY–Thiophene Copolymers as p‐Channel Semiconductors for Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (2013)

The synthesis and physicochemical properties of a new class of BODIPY-based donor-acceptor π-conjugated polymers are presented. Solution-processed top-gate/bottom-contact (TG-BC) thin-film transistors on flexible plastic substrates exhibit air-stable p-channel activities with charge carrier mobilities as high as 0.17 cm(2) /V·s and current on/off ratios of 10(5) -10(6) , the highest reported to date for a BODIPY-based semiconductor. The results shown here indicate a significant charge-transport improvement (>10000×) in BODIPY-based polymeric semiconductors, demonstrating its potential in future organic optoelectronic applications.
Detection and targeting of splicing deregulation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (2023)

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) is typified by high relapse rates and a relative paucity of somatic DNA mutations. Although seminal studies show that splicing factor mutations and mis-splicing fuel therapy-resistant leukemia stem cell (LSC) generation in adults, splicing deregulation has not been extensively studied in pAML. Herein, we describe single-cell proteogenomics analyses, transcriptome-wide analyses of FACS-purified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells followed by differential splicing analyses, dual-fluorescence lentiviral splicing reporter assays, and the potential of a selective splicing modulator, Rebecsinib, in pAML. Using these methods, we discover transcriptomic splicing deregulation typified by differential exon usage. In addition, we discover downregulation of splicing regulator RBFOX2 and CD47 splice isoform upregulation. Importantly, splicing deregulation in pAML induces a therapeutic vulnerability to Rebecsinib in survival, self-renewal, and lentiviral splicing reporter assays. Taken together, the detection and targeting of splicing deregulation represent a potentially clinically tractable strategy for pAML therapy.
A JFET-based circuit for realizing a precision and linear floating voltage-controlled resistance (2014)

A JFET-based circuit for realizing a precision and linear floating voltage-controlled resistance (VCR) is presented for use in analog multipliers and programmable analog circuits and as a resistance mirror. It uses a matched JFET pair along with an op amp based negative feedback for realizing a precision resistance and a feedback of the source and drain voltages to the gate for realizing a linear floating resistance. The circuit operation is validated through circuit simulation and practical testing.
Back Cover: Site‐Resolved Observation of Vibrational Energy Transfer Using a Genetically Encoded Ultrafast Heater (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 9/2019) (2019)

Vibrational energy transfer (VET) in proteins has been linked to allostery and other aspects of protein function in computational studies. In their Communication on page 2899 ff., J. Bredenbeck, N. Budisa, and co-workers show how vibrational energy can be injected and tracked experimentally in a site-selective way. By using a genetically encoded ultrafast heater and femtosecond IR spectroscopy, this approach allowed them to map out VET pathways in proteins and to explore the role of VET for protein function.
Metformin enhances the cytotoxicity of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in vitro (2017)

The biguanide metformin is a drug widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Metformin enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy by promoting the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) autophagy signaling pathway. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), leads to apoptosis when PpIX accumulates in the mitochondria, and also leads to autophagy through activation of AMPK. In the present study, the effect of metformin in combination with 5-ALA-PDT was evaluated <i>in vitro</i> in KLN205 lung cancer cells. At a fluence of 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, 5-ALA-PDT in combination with 5 mM metformin exhibited significantly increased cytotoxicity compared with that observed with 0 and 0.1 mM metformin (P=0.0197 and P=0.0423, respectively). The cells treated with 5-ALA-PDT and metformin exhibited condensation of nuclear chromatin and the presence of autophagosomes. These results indicate that apoptosis and autophagy occur in KLN205 cells following combined treatment with 5-ALA-PDT and metformin. The results from the present study are the first to indicate, to the best of our knowledge, that metformin potentiates the efficacy of 5-ALA-PDT.
Leaf Catalase mRNA and Catalase-Protein Levels in a High-Catalase Tobacco Mutant with O2-Resistant Photosynthesis (1991)

Experiments were conducted with a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mutant with 40 to 50% greater catalase activity than wild type that is associated with a novel form of O(2)-resistant photosynthesis. The apparent K(m) for H(2)O(2) was the same in mutant and wild-type leaf extracts. Tobacco RNAs were hybridized with Nicotiana sylvestris catalase cDNA, and a threefold greater steady-state level of catalase mRNA was found in mutant leaves. Steady-state levels of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit mRNA were similar in mutant and wild type. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of partially purified catalase showed that the protein concentration in the band corresponding to catalase was higher in the mutant than in the wild type. Separation of leaf catalase proteins by isoelectric focusing revealed the presence of five major bands and one minor band of activity. The distribution of the catalase activity among these forms was similar in mutant and wild type, although the total activity was higher in the mutant in all five major bands. The results indicate that the enhanced catalase activity in mutant leaves is caused by an increase in synthesis of catalase protein and that this trait is mediated at the nucleic acid level.
Moiré-related in-gap states in a twisted MoS2/graphite heterojunction (2017)

Abstract This report presents a series of low-temperature (4.5 K) scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy experimental results on monolayer MoS 2 deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite using chemical vapor deposition. To reveal the detailed connection between atomic morphology and conductivity in twisted MoS 2 /graphite heterojunctions, we employ high-sensitivity tunneling spectroscopy measurements by choosing a reduced tip-sample distance. We discern previously unobserved conductance peaks within the band gap range of MoS 2 , and by comparing the tunneling spectra from MoS 2 grains of varying rotation with respect to the substrate, show that these features have small but non-negligible dependence on the moiré superstructure. Furthermore, within a single moiré supercell, atomically resolved tunneling spectroscopy measurements show that the spectra between the moiré high and low areas are also distinct. These in-gap states are shown to have an energy shift attributed to their local lattice strain, matching corresponding behavior of the conduction band edge, and we therefore infer that these features are intrinsic to the density of states, rather than experimental artifacts, and attribute them to the twisted stacking and local strain energy of the MoS 2 /graphite heterointerface.
Cellcounter: a deep learning framework for high-fidelity spatial localization of neurons (2021)

Many neuroscientific applications require robust and accurate localization of neurons. It is still an unsolved problem because of the enormous variation in intensity, texture, spatial overlap, morphology and background artifacts. In addition, curation of a large dataset containing complete manual annotation of neurons from high-resolution images to train a classifier requires significant time and effort. We present Cellcounter, a deep learning-based model trained on images containing incompletely-annotated neurons with highly-varied morphology and control images containing artifacts and background structures. Leveraging the striking self-learning ability, Cellcounter gradually labels neurons, obviating the need for time-intensive complete annotation. Cellcounter shows its efficacy over the state of the arts in the accurate localization of neurons while significantly reducing false-positive detection in several protocols.
Multimodal Enzyme‐Carrying Suprastructures for Rapid and Sensitive Biocatalytic Cascade Reactions (Adv. Sci. 10/2022) (2022)

Surface‐Templated Suprastructure Synthesis In article number 2104884, Katharina Landfester, Sanghyuk Wooh, and co‐workers propose biocatalytic suprastructures that are synthesized by a surface‐templated evaporation driven method. Liquid repelling effects enable the formation of well‐assembled mesoporous suprastructure of colloids. The suprastructures provide the enzymes and photocatalysts with confined geometry that leads to rapid and sensitive cascade reactions. [Image: see text]
Magnetofluorescent nanoparticles for bimodal detection of breast cancer cells (2010)

Silica‐encapsulated iron oxide composite nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized in terms of morphological and physico‐chemical properties. These nanoparticles exhibited both fluorescent and magnetic properties useful for labeling of breast cancer cells. The mechanism of uptake by tumor cells, the pathway of degradation and the potential toxicity of these magnetofluorescent nanoparticles were investigated, suggesting that they could be developed as an efficient and safe bimodal contrast agent for detection of breast cancer cells.
The process of kinetochore assembly in yeasts (2012)

High fidelity chromosome segregation is essential for efficient transfer of the genetic material from the mother to daughter cells. The kinetochore (KT), which connects the centromere DNA to the spindle apparatus, plays a pivotal role in this process. In spite of considerable divergence in the centromere DNA sequence, basic architecture of a KT is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. However, the identification of a large number of KT proteins paved the way of understanding conserved and diverged regulatory steps that lead to the formation of a multiprotein KT super-complex on the centromere DNA in different organisms. Because it is a daunting task to summarize the entire spectrum of information in a minireview, we focus here on the recent understanding in the process of KT assembly in three yeasts: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida albicans. Studies in these unicellular organisms suggest that although the basic process of KT assembly remains the same, the dependence of a conserved protein for its KT localization may vary in these organisms.
Supplementary Table S4 from Genomic Instability and Protumoral Inflammation Are Associated with Primary Resistance to Anti–PD-1 + Antiangiogenesis in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Baseline characteristics of the patients treated according to their DCB status.&lt;/p&gt;
Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol Specification (2011)

Routing Bridges (RBridges) provide optimal pair-wise forwarding without configuration, safe forwarding even during periods of temporary loops, and support for multipathing of both unicast and multicast traffic. They achieve these goals using IS-IS routing and encapsulation of traffic with a header that includes a hop count.
A Bivalent Meningococcal B Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults (2017)

MenB-FHbp elicited bactericidal responses against diverse meningococcal B strains after doses 2 and 3 and was associated with more reactions at the injection site than the hepatitis A virus vaccine and saline. (Funded by Pfizer; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01830855 and NCT01352845 ).
Gene Profiling in Atherosclerosis Reveals a Key Role for Small Inducible Cytokines (2005)

Gene profiling of atherosclerotic plaque progression in ApoE-/- mice revealed upregulation of the gene cluster of small inducible cytokines. Further expression and in vivo validation studies showed that this gene cluster mediates plaque progression and stability.
Atomic-resolution STEM-EDS studies of cation ordering in Ti-Nb oxide crystals (2021)

Ternary metal oxide compounds, such as Ti-Nb and Nb-W oxides, have renewed research interest in energy storage materials because these oxides contain multivalent metal ions that may be able to control the ion transport in solid lithium batteries. One of these oxides is Ti<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>10</sub>O<sub>29</sub>, which is composed of metal-oxygen octahedra connected through corner-sharing and edge-sharing to form "block structures". In the early 1970s Von Dreele and Cheetham proposed a metal-atoms ordering in this oxide crystal using Rietveld refined neutron powder diffraction method. Most recent studies on these oxides, however, have not considered cation ordering in evaluating the battery electrode materials. In this paper, by utilizing the latest scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy imaging technology, the cation chemical ordering in those oxide crystals was directly revealed at atomic resolution.
A Nuclear Pumped Laser for the Laboratory Microfusion Facility (1989)

The Laboratory Microfusion Facility (LMF) has been proposed to study Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) targets with reactor-grade gains. An advanced solid-state laser is the prime candidate as the driver for the LMF. However, here we present a conceptual design for an alternate approach using a Nuclear Pumped Laser (NPL). A pulsed fission reactor is used to excite an oxygen-iodine laser in this design, based on preliminary data on nuclear pumping of O 2 ( 1 δ). Although a working NPL of this specific type has not yet been assembled, we believe this concept holds great potential, both as a test facility driver and as a future power reactor.
Poled composites with Nd-Mn-doped PZTfibers under bipolar electrical load (2009)

Using the sol-gel process, Nd-Mn-doped PZT fibers were produced. The PZT was doped with 2 mol% neodymium and 1.1 mol% manganese. For characterization, the fibers were embedded in a polymer. The resulting 1-3 composites were poled with constant electric field. Strain and polarization were measured by applying a bipolar sinusoidal voltage of high amplitude. Instead of the expected shifted butterfly-shaped strain hysteresis, an asymmetric strain-field relation was observed. It is characterized by a rather linear region in direction of the poling field and an inflated region without strain switching for reversed polarity. Within the temperature range from room temperature to 80 degrees C, the strain switching seems to be suppressed. Measurements of the piezoelectric coefficient at superimposed electric field prove the blocking of strain switching. Cyclation experiments with sesquipolar load show a pronounced linearity of the strain loops that declines after more than 2 x 10(4) cycles.
Towards a scalable and reliable real time in-network data analysis infrastructure (2011)

The smart grid applications requires real time analysis, response within the order of milliseconds and high-reliability because of the mission critical structure of the power grid system. The only way to satisfy these requirements is in-network data analysis and built-in redundancy routing for failures. To achieve this, we propose a data dissemination system that builds routes using network flow algorithms, have in network processing of the data and utilize data encoding to cope with high latencies.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Euglycemic and Hypolipidemic Agents. Part 1. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimum integration of passive UHF RFID tag-rectenna in a single feed dual band antenna (2014)

In this paper, a design approach for the efficient integration of passive RFID tag operating at UHF 868 MHz for RFID communication and a rectifier operating at 2.45 GHz for energy harvesting application, both in a single feed dual band antenna is presented. Initially, the RFID chip and the rectifier element were characterized. Therefore, the step by step design process for the integration of each element is carried over, for a maximum power transfer to the passive RFID chip and the rectifying circuitry. The non-linear effects of rectifier and RFID chip are considered in an electric-electromagnetic co-simulation, ensuring the conditions at the threshold activation power at the RFID chip. 36.9 % RF-to-DC conversion efficiency is ensured at 2.45 GHz for −10 dBm input power. The sufficient isolation is provided at both frequencies to support an RFID communication and at the same time, harvesting from the 2.45 GHz band.