gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and resolution of (.+-.)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-1-(3'-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (TISCH): a high affinity and selective iodinated ligand for CNS D1 dopamine receptor (1991)

The synthesis and resolution of (+-)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-1-(3'-iodophenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-3- benzazepine, (+/-)-TISCH (8) has been achieved by resolution of intermediate 4, the O-methoxyl, 3'-bromo derivative, as the diastereomeric camphor sulfonate salt. The final products, R-(+)-8 and S-(-)-8, were prepared by treatment of R-(+)- or S-(-)-7, the 3'-tributyltin intermediates, with iodine in chloroform, followed by O-demethylation. By using HPLC with a chiral column, the optical purity (greater than 99%) of the intermediates and the final compounds was determined. Radioiodination was achieved by an iodo-destannylation reaction with sodium [125I]iodide and hydrogen peroxide. As expected, the R-(+)-[125I]-8 (the active isomer) displayed high affinity and selectivity to the CNS D-1 receptor in rat striatum tissue preparation (Kd = 0.205 nM). The rank order of potency was as follows: SCH-23390 (1a) greater than (+/-)-8 greater than (+)-butaclamol greater than spiperone, WB4101 greater than dopamine, 5-HT. After an iv injection, the R-(+)-[125I]-8 penetrated the blood-brain barrier with ease and displayed specific regional distribution corresponding to the D-1 receptor density, while the S-(-)-[125I]-8 showed no specific uptake. The data suggest that the ligand may be useful as a pharmacological tool for characterizing the D-1 dopamine receptor. When labeled with I-123, this ligand is a potential agent for in vivo imaging of CNS D-1 dopamine receptor.
Evaluation of Polygenic Determinants of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) By a Candidate Genes Resequencing Strategy (2018)

NAFLD is a polygenic condition but the individual and cumulative contribution of identified genes remains to be established. To get additional insight into the genetic architecture of NAFLD, GWAS-identified GCKR, PPP1R3B, NCAN, LYPLAL1 and TM6SF2 genes were resequenced by next generation sequencing in a cohort of 218 NAFLD subjects and 227 controls, where PNPLA3 rs738409 and MBOAT7 rs641738 genotypes were also obtained. A total of 168 sequence variants were detected and 47 were annotated as functional. When all functional variants within each gene were considered, only those in TM6SF2 accumulate in NAFLD subjects compared to controls (P = 0.04). Among individual variants, rs1260326 in GCKR and rs641738 in MBOAT7 (recessive), rs58542926 in TM6SF2 and rs738409 in PNPLA3 (dominant) emerged as associated to NAFLD, with PNPLA3 rs738409 being the strongest predictor (OR 3.12, 95% CI, 1.8-5.5, P < 0.001). A 4-SNPs weighted genetic risk score value >0.28 was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of NAFLD. Interestingly, rs61756425 in PPP1R3B and rs641738 in MBOAT7 genes were predictors of NAFLD severity. Overall, TM6SF2, GCKR, PNPLA3 and MBOAT7 were confirmed to be associated with NAFLD and a score based on these genes was highly predictive of this condition. In addition, PPP1R3B and MBOAT7 might influence NAFLD severity.
Novel flber Lasers and Ampllflers (2002)

Fig. 2. direct detection receiver. Intuitively, the diversity Structure mitigates the effects of first order distortion so that what is left for the equalizer is primarily the IS1 due to higher order distortions, which is small. When the average DGD (AI) = 20 ps. Fig. 2a shows that with this low a value ofthe average DGD, novisible improvement is achieved with an equalizer. In this case, the distortions are almostentirelydue to first order PMDdistortions and are effectively mitigated by the diversity structure. Also, an equalizer requires optimization afthe filter coefficients, either user-tuned'oor adaptively computed as in,' implying a substantial increase in the receiver complexity. On the other hand, a diversity receiver with the simple combiner does not require any coefficient optimization and can be realized with the current technology at IO Gbit/s speeds and beyond. Although, it does require multiple photodetectors for each wavelength channel, it is possible in principle to reduce costs by using the same clock recovery circuit in a round-robin fashion. In conclusion, we introduced a novel diversity receiver structure with three fued pairs of orthogonal polarization symmetrically distributed on the Poincare sphere. We then applied importance sampling to quantify the power penalty due to PMD. Ourresultsshowed that thediversityreceiver achieves a significantly larger reduction of the power penalty than can be achieved using an electronic minimum MSE equalizer alone. We also rhowed that combining an equalizer with the diversity receiver offers little additional improvement.
Spine surgeon perceptions of the challenges and benefits of telemedicine: an international study (2021)

Spine surgeons are supportive of the benefits of telemedicine, and only a small minority experienced technical issues. The decreased ability to perform the physical examination was the top challenge and remains a major obstacle to virtual care for spine surgeons around the world, although interestingly, 61.4% of providers did not acknowledge this to be a major challenge. Significant groundwork in optimizing remote physical examination maneuvers and achieving legal and reimbursement clarity is necessary for widespread implementation.
Interface Voids and Precipitates in GaAs Wafer Bonding (1999)

Abstract Wafer bonding allows the production of Compliant Universal substrates that are made by bonding a thin (&amp;lt; 10 nm) layer twisted ∼45 degrees to the underlying substrate. Subsequent growth on this twisted layer results in defect free films even when the growth material has a significant lattice mismatch with the substrate. Defects on the bonding interface are a common observation when bonding GaAs to many substrates, but the exact nature of these defects has not been clear. We have studied this bonding layer in GaAs-GaAs twist bonded structures by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and established that the defects are voids with a portion being partially filled with gallium. Two general sizes of voids are seen. The larger voids are approximately 45 nm in diameter and 22 nm in the wafer normal direction and are distributed in an approximately linear relationship.
Dinuclear iron(II) complexes showing unusual reversible oxidation-reduction behavior with dioxygen (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDinuclear iron(II) complexes showing unusual reversible oxidation-reduction behavior with dioxygenNorman Herron, Wayne P. Schammel, Susan C. Jackels, Joseph J. Grzybowski, L. Lawrence Zimmer, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 10, 1433–1440Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00152a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00152a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The use of biomarkers to stratify surgical care in women with ovarian cancer (2022)

Biomarkers may offer unforeseen insights into clinical diagnosis, as well as the likely course and outcome of a condition. In this paper, the focus is on the use of biological molecules found in body fluids or tissues for diagnosis and prediction of outcome in ovarian cancer patients. In cancer care, biomarkers are being used to develop personalised treatment plans for patients based on the unique characteristics of their tumour. This tailoring of care can be used to pursue specific targets identified by biomarkers, or treat the patient according to specific tumour characteristics. Surgery is one of the core treatments for ovarian cancer, whether it is offered in primary surgery or following chemotherapy in delayed surgery. Biomarkers already exist to guide the treatment of tumours with chemotherapy, but very little research has determined the value of biomarkers in tailoring surgical care for ovarian cancer. Such research is required to identify new biomarkers and assess their effectiveness in a clinical setting as well as to help identify specific tumour types to guide surgery. Biomarkers could help to determine the success of removing the disease surgically, or help to identify tumour deposits that persist after chemotherapy. All of these aspects would improve current practice. This Scientific Impact Paper highlights research that may pave the way towards bespoke surgery according to the biological characteristics of a tumour and aid gynaecological oncologists to provide surgical treatment according to individual need, rather than a blanket approach for all.
Bridging Information Visualization with Machine Learning (Dagstuhl Seminar 15101) (2015)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 15101 "Bridging Information Visualization with Machine Learning". This seminar is a successor to Dagstuhl seminar 12081 "Information Visualization, Visual Data Mining and Machine Learning" held in 2012. The main goal of this second seminar was to identify important challenges to overcome in order to build systems that integrate machine learning and information visualization.
Corrosion-resistance evaluation of coated and specialty bars (2021)

The reduction in service-life of reinforced concrete structures caused by corrosion of reinforcing steel is a major problem to the construction industry. The use of specialty steels is one of the strategies suggested to minimize this deterioration phenomenon. In this study, the corrosion-resistance of epoxy-coated and selected specialty steel bars embedded in concrete and exposed to chloride environment was evaluated. The specialty bars considered included two types of epoxy-coated bars with varying degrees of damage, stainless steel bars, stainless clad bars, and a low-carbon chromium steel bar. The corrosion resistance of the investigated reinforcing bars was investigated by measuring corrosion potentials and corrosion current density over a period of about 32 months. As expected, the corrosion resistance of specialty bars was better than that of the black (normal) bars. The corrosion resistance of the epoxy-coated bars decreased with the degree of surface damage. Further, the corrosion-resistance of epoxy-coated bars with up to 1% damage was better than that of the other specialty bars. Additionally, the low corrosion rate noted in the epoxy-coated bars suggests longer service-life of structures built with these bars compared to structures incorporating specialty steel bars considered in the study. The relatively low initial cost of epoxy-coated bars, compared to other specialty steel bars, and their longer life results in a considerable cost saving. Also, the decreased corrosion damage of concrete results in technical (long service-life and safety), environmental (aesthetics) and economic (less overall cost of construction) benefits.
Isothermal and Cyclic Oxidation of MoAlB in Air from 1100°C to 1400°C (2017)

Like many FeCrAl-based alloys, and some MAX phases, the atomically laminated boride, MoAlB, forms slow-growing, adherent Al2O3 scales when heated in air to 1350°C. Herein the oxidation of MoAlB ceramics in air was studied in the 1100–1400°C temperature range for up to 200 h. At 1400°C, the oxide scale was heavily cracked and spalled. At 1100°C, and up to 20 h, mass loss was recorded. At 1300°C and 1350°C, subparabolic, approximately cubic kinetics were observed, as a result of growth and coarsening of the Al2O3 grains in the oxide scale. At 1200°C, the weight gain kinetics were nearly linear, while the oxide thickening kinetics were approximately cubic likely due to cubic growth of Al2O3 and concurrent volatility of constituents in the oxide scale. The cyclic oxidation resistance was also good for up to 125, 1-hour, cycles at 1200°C. Analysis of grain coarsening and scale thickening kinetics suggest that oxygen grain boundary diffusivity is the rate controlling mechanism for the growth of Al2O3 scales at 1300°C and 1350°C. Dimensional changes at samples' corners after long oxidation at T > 1200°C may limit the maximum operational temperature of MoAlB.
Preparation and Decarboxylative Rearrangement of (Z)‐Enyne Esters. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Wireless Roadside Inspection Proof of Concept Test (Final Report) (2009)

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) FMCSA commissioned the Wireless Roadside Inspection (WRI) Program to validate technologies and methodologies that can improve safety through inspections using wireless technologies that convey real-time identification of commercial vehicles, drivers, and carriers, as well as information about the condition of the vehicles and their drivers. It is hypothesized that these inspections will: -- Increase safety -- Decrease the number of unsafe commercial vehicles on the road; -- Increase efficiency -- Speed up the inspection process, enabling more inspections to occur, at least on par with the number of weight inspections; -- Improve effectiveness -- Reduce the probability of drivers bypassing CMV inspection stations and increase the likelihood that fleets will attempt to meet the safety regulations; and -- Benefit industry -- Reduce fleet costs, provide good return-on-investment, minimize wait times, and level the playing field. The WRI Program is defined in three phases which are: Phase 1: Proof of Concept Test (POC) Testing of commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) or near-COTS technology to validate the wireless inspection concept. Phase 2: Pilot Test Safety technology maturation and back office system integration Phase 3: Field Operational Test Multi-vehicle testing over a multi-state instrumented corridor This report focuses on Phase 1 efforts that were initiated in March, 2006. Technical efforts dealt with the ability of a Universal Wireless Inspection System (UWIS) to collect driver, vehicle, and carrier information; format a Safety Data Message Set from this information; and wirelessly transmit a Safety Data Message Set to a roadside receiver unit or mobile enforcement vehicle.
Whole-genome comparative annotation and regulatory motif discovery in multiple yeast species (2003)

In [13] we reported the genome sequences of S. paradoxus, S. mikatae and S. bayanus and compared these three yeast species to their close relative, S. cerevisiae. Genome-wide comparative analysis allowed the identification of functionally important sequences, both coding and non-coding. In this companion paper we describe the mathematical and algorithmic results underpinning the analysis of these genomes.We developed statistical methods for the systematic de-novo identification of regulatory motifs. Without making use of co-regulated gene sets, we discovered virtually all previously known DNA regulatory motifs as well as several noteworthy novel motifs. With the additional use of gene ontology information, expression clusters and transcription factor binding profiles, we assigned candidate functions to the novel motifs discovered.Our results demonstrate that entirely automatic genome-wide annotation, gene validation, and discovery of regulatory motifs is possible. Our findings are validated by the extensive experimental knowledge in yeast, confirming their applicability to other genomes.
Phosphorylation of Human Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2γ: Novel Site Identification and Targeted PKC Involvement (2011)

Eukaryotic translation requires a suite of proteins known as eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). These molecular effectors oversee the highly regulated initiation phase of translation. Essential to eukaryotic translation initiation is the protein eIF2, a heterotrimeric protein composed of the individually distinct subunits eIF2α, eIF2β, and eIF2γ. The ternary complex, formed when eIF2 binds to GTP and Met-tRNA(i), is responsible for shuttling Met-tRNA(i) onto the awaiting 40S ribosome. As a necessary component for translation initiation, much attention has been given to the phosphorylation of eIF2α. Despite several previous investigations into eIF2 phosphorylation, most have centered on α- or β-subunit phosphorylation and little is known regarding γ-subunit phosphorylation. Herein, we report eight sites of phosphorylation on the largest eIF2 subunit with seven novel phosphosite identifications via high resolution mass spectrometry. Of the eight sites identified, three are located in either the switch regions or nucleotide binding pocket domain. In addition, we have identified a possible kinase of eIF2, protein kinase C (PKC), which is capable of phosphorylating threonine 66 (thr-66) on the intact heterotrimer. These findings may shed new light on the regulation of ternary complex formation and alternate molecular effectors involved in this process prior to 80S ribosome formation and subsequent translation elongation and termination.
Gaseous doping sources (1993)

Elemental impurities cannot be used as doping sources in vapor-phase epitaxial growth systems because such impurities would assume the ambient temperature in the reactor and condense on the reactor walls. Vapor-phase epitaxial (VPE) growth techniques therefore require gaseous doping compounds, i.e. chemical gases transporting the doping impurity. Such gaseous doping compounds are called doping precursors and are mandatory for growth techniques with a viscous gas flow such as VPE. Growth techniques with molecular flow can employ either elemental doping sources or doping precursors. Chemical-beam epitaxy (CBE) frequently employs gaseous doping compounds. The use of precursors in CBE is motivated by parasitic chemical reactions between the organometallic sources used for group-III elements and elemental doping sources which result in a degradation in elemental source purity (see Sect. 6.1). Thus the two techniques, VPE and CBE, use doping precursors for different reasons.
Accelerated Discovery of 3D Printing Materials Using Data-Driven\n Multi-Objective Optimization (2021)

Additive manufacturing has become one of the forefront technologies in\nfabrication, enabling new products impossible to manufacture before. Although\nmany materials exist for additive manufacturing, they typically suffer from\nperformance trade-offs preventing them from replacing traditional manufacturing\ntechniques. Current materials are designed with inefficient human-driven\nintuition-based methods, leaving them short of optimal solutions. We propose a\nmachine learning approach to accelerate the discovery of additive manufacturing\nmaterials with optimal trade-offs in mechanical performance. A multi-objective\noptimization algorithm automatically guides the experimental design by\nproposing how to mix primary formulations to create better-performing\nmaterials. The algorithm is coupled with a semi-autonomous fabrication platform\nto significantly reduce the number of performed experiments and overall time to\nsolution. Without any prior knowledge of the primary formulations, the proposed\nmethodology autonomously uncovers twelve optimal composite formulations and\nenlarges the discovered performance space 288 times after only 30 experimental\niterations. This methodology could easily be generalized to other material\nformulation problems and enable completely automated discovery of a wide\nvariety of material designs.\n
Extrusion liquefaction and saccharification of carbohydrate substrates (1990)

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of accomplishing enzymatic liquefaction and saccharification of carbohydrate formulations during one pass in a twin-screw food extruder. Th ...
Effect of Desulfurization on the Machinability of SCM420H Steel (1983)

Machinability of low alloy steels with extra-low and ordinary sulfur contents was studied by means of turning tests using sintered carbide tools under conventional machining conditions. The results are as follows. Reduction in sulfur contents decreases chip breakability, improves surface roughness and topography at cutting speeds of 100m/min or higher, and exerts only a minor effect on tool life and cutting forces. On the whole, the desulfurized steel can be machined at a high removal rate without any serious problem, provided proper cutting conditions are selected and the smooth machined surface thus obtained promises a good tribological effect.It was discussed and found that there was no difference between the mechanisms accounting for the effects of desulfurization and those of resulfurization on the machinability of steel.