gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional pleural strain measurements during mechanical ventilation using ultrasound elastography: A randomised, crossover, proof of concept physiologic study (2022)

Abstract Background Mechanical ventilation is a common therapy in operating rooms and intensive care units. When ill-adapted, it can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which is associated with poor outcomes. Excessive regional pulmonary strain is thought to be a major mechanism responsible for VILI. Scarce bedside methods exist to measure regional pulmonary strain. We propose a novel way to measure regional pleural strain using ultrasound elastography. Research Question The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of pleural strain measurement by ultrasound elastography and to determine if elastography parameters would correlate with varying tidal volumes. Study Design and Methods A single-blind randomized crossover proof of concept study was conducted July to October 2017 at a tertiary care referral center. Ten patients requiring general anesthesia for elective surgery were recruited. After induction, patients were received tidal volumes of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mL.kg -1 in random order, while pleural ultrasound cineloops were acquired at 4 standardized locations. Ultrasound radiofrequency speckle tracking allowed computing various pleural translation, strain and shear components. These were screened to identify those with the best dose-response with tidal volumes using linear mixed effect models. Goodness-of-fit was assessed by the coefficient of determination. Intraobserver, interobserver and test-retest reliability were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results Analysis was possible in 90.7% of ultrasound cineloops. Lateral absolute shear, lateral absolute strain and Von Mises strain varied significantly with tidal volume and offered the best dose-responses and data modelling fits. Point estimates for intraobserver reliability measures were excellent for all 3 parameters (0.94, 0.94 and 0.93, respectively). Point estimates for interobserver (0.84, 0.83 and 0.77, respectively) and test-retest (0.85, 0.82 and 0.76, respectively) reliability measures were good. Interpretation Strain imaging is feasible and reproducible, and may eventually guide mechanical ventilation strategies in larger cohorts of patients.
Preferred skin color reproduction on the display (2006)

We develop a methodology to find the optimal memory color (colors of familiar objects) boundary in YCbCr color space and a local image adjustment technique called preferred color reproduction (PCR) to improve image quality. The optimal memory color boundary covers most familiar object colors taken under various viewing conditions. The PCR algorithm is developed based on the idea that colors of familiar objects (memory colors) are key factors in judging the naturalness of an image. The PCR algorithm is applied to pixels detected as having a memory color. Memory color detection is conducted using color information by checking if an input color is inside the predetermined memory color boundary. The PCR algorithm transforms colors inside the memory color boundary to be shifted toward the boundary of constant interval in the center. The PCR algorithm is applied to skin colors, and psychophysical experiments using real images were conducted to determine the best parameters for the algorithm resulting in the most preferred image.
Intelligent Model-based Optimization of the Surface Grinding Process for Heat-Treated 4140 Steel Alloys With Aluminum Oxide Grinding Wheels (2003)

This paper presents implementation results of surface grinding processes based on the model-based optimization scheme proposed by Lee and Shin (Lee, C. W., and Shin, Y. C., 2000 “Evolutionary Modeling and Optimization of Grinding Processes,” Int. J. Prod. Res. 38(12), pp. 2787–2813). In order to accomplish this goal, process models for grinding force, power, surface roughness, and residual stress are developed based on the generalized grinding model structures using experimental data. The time-varying characteristics due to wheel wear are also investigated in order to determine the optimal dressing interval. Grinding optimization is considered as constrained nonlinear optimization problems with mixed-integer variables and time-varying characteristics in this study. Case studies are performed with various optimization objectives including minimization of grinding cost, minimization of cycle time, and process control. The optimal process conditions determined by the optimization scheme are validated by experimental results.
Evolution and termination of a femtosecond laser filament in air (2007)

The evolution of the filamentation of a femtosecond laser pulse in air is measured. The divergence of the filament core is almost constant over a long distance, encompassing a zone with efficient ionization followed by another where ionization is much weaker. At the end, the core diverges out linearly with a low divergence due to self-spatial filtering.
Core-Shell Magnetic Polymer Colloids for Self assembled Multilayers Thin Films and Ultrasensitive Molecular Imaging (2020)

In the present work, novel core-shell polymer magnetic colloids are prepared and employed as a potential candidate in ultrasensitive molecular imaging. The synthesized colloids possess high colloidal stability, magnetization (43.85 emu g-1) and uniformity of particle size with an average diameter of 527 nm. FTIR spectrum of magnetic emulsion shows two characteristic peaks at 570 and 630 cm-1 which related to Fe-O vibration bands. Both T1 and T2 relaxation times were successfully measured. Based on signal intensities, the prepared colloids observed to perform as better T2 weighted contrast agents. The T2-weighted MR images showed significant signal intensity reduction and contrast darkening. Moreover, the prepared colloids were also employed to fabricate thin films via a facile method of layer by layer self-assembled multilayers (LBL-SAMU) to explore their potential application in imaging. Uniform particle size distribution with spherical morphologies was obtained for the fabricated bilayers. In addition, a 20% increment in iron contents was observed for 5-15 bilayer thin films decorated with film colloidal particles. The reported work opens new avenues for designing powerful T2 contrast agents in various biomedical applications such as analysis of biomacromolecules, diagnostics, and therapy.
PROGRESSIVEDIFFERENTIALPUSH-PULLMETHOD FORDUAL LAYERBLU-RAYDISCRECORDING (2008)

Progressive Differential Push-Pull (DPP)method wasdeveloped. In caseofduallayer Blu-ray disc recording, conventional DPPsignal is disturbed bythestray lights reflectedfrom other recording layer and tracking servo sometimes becomes unstable. This paper presents an example ofoptical headfor duallayer Blu-ray Discrecording. Photo detector oftheoptical headtosuppress theinfluence ofstray lights wasdeveloped.
Optimistic parallelization of communicating sequential processes (1991)

We present a transparent program transformation which converts a sequential execution of S1; SZ by a procesl; in a multiprocess environment into an optimistic parallel execution of SI and S2. Such a transformation is valuable in the case where S1 and SZ cannot be para.llelized by static analysis either because S2 reads a value from S1 or because S1 and S2 each interact with an external process. The optimistic transformation works under a weaker set of conditions: (1) if the value Sz reads from S1 can usually, but not always, be correctly guessed ahead of time, and (2) if S1 and S2 interact with an external process, conflicts which violate the ordering of S1 and % are possible but rare. Practical applications of this approach include executing the likely outcome of a test in pwdlel with making the test, and converting sequences of calls into streams of asynchronous sends. We analyze the problem using the framework of guarded cornputatiow, in which each computation is tagged with the set of guesses on which it depends. We present an algorithm for managing communications, thread creation, committing, and aborting in the transformed program. We contrast our approach with related work.
Particle Formation in Precipitation Polymerization:  Continuous Precipitation Polymerization of Acrylic Acid in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2006)

The morphology of the polymer produced during continuous precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) varied significantly with reaction conditions. Three different morphologies were observed: a coagulum of primary particles with diameters of 100−200 nm, irregular particles with diameters of 5−20 μm, and spheres with diameters of 10−100 μm. To explore the variables that control particle morphology, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was measured at several CO2 pressures using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry. Sorption of scCO2 into PAA also was measured at various temperatures and pressures with a quartz crystal microbalance. Chow's equation described the Tg reduction by CO2 quite accurately. Formation of large spherical particles of PAA was favored when the polymer molecular weight was relatively low and when the polymerization temperature was well above Tg.
In Vitro Priming of Adoptively Transferred T Cells with a RORγ Agonist Confers Durable Memory and Stemness In Vivo (2018)

Adoptive T-cell transfer therapy is an FDA- approved treatment for leukemia that relies on the <i>ex vivo</i> expansion and reinfusion of a patient's immune cells, which can be engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) for more efficient tumor recognition. Type 17 T cells, controlled transcriptionally by RORγ, have been reported to mediate potent antitumor effects superior to those observed with conventionally expanded T cells. Here, we demonstrate that addition of a synthetic, small-molecule RORγ agonist during <i>ex vivo</i> expansion potentiates the antitumor activity of human Th17 and Tc17 cells redirected with a CAR. Likewise, <i>ex vivo</i> use of this agonist bolstered the antitumor properties of murine tumor-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Expansion in the presence of the RORγ agonist enhanced IL17A production without compromising IFNγ secretion <i>in vitro</i><i>In vivo</i>, cytokine neutralization studies revealed that IFNγ and IL17A were required to regress murine melanoma tumors. The enhanced antitumor effect of RORγ agonist treatment was associated with recovery of more donor T cells in the tumor and spleen; these cells produced elevated levels of cytokines months after infusion and expressed markers of long-lived stem and central memory cells such as Tcf7 and CD62L. Conversely, untreated cells mainly exhibited effector phenotypes in the tumor. Cured mice previously treated with agonist-primed T cells were protected from tumor rechallenge. Collectively, our work reveals that <i>in vitro</i> treatment with a RORγ agonist generates potent antitumor Type 17 effector cells that persist as long-lived memory cells <i>in vivo</i><b>Significance:</b> RORγ agonists can be used <i>in vitro</i> during T-cell expansion to enhance the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy (e.g., CAR-T) and to provide long-term protection against tumors.<b>Graphical Abstract:</b> http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/14/3888/F1.large.jpg <i>Cancer Res; 78(14); 3888-98. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Chronic-Intermittent Cold Stress in Rats Induces Selective Ovarian Insulin Resistance1 (2008)

In rat ovary chronic cold stress increases sympathetic nerve activity, modifies follicular development, and initiates a polycystic condition. To see whether there is a relationship between the previously described changes in follicular development and metabolic changes similar to those in women with polycystic ovary, we have studied the effect of chronic cold stress (4 degrees C for 3 h/day, Monday to Friday, for 4 wk) on insulin sensitivity and the effect of insulin on sympathetic ovarian activity. Although cold-stressed rats ate more than the controls, they did not gain more weight. Insulin sensitivity, determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, was significantly increased in the stressed animals. Insulin in vitro increased the basal release of norepinephrine from the ovaries of control rats but not from those of stressed rats, suggesting a local neural resistance to insulin in stressed rats. The levels of mRNA and protein for IRS1 and SLC2A4 (also known as GLUT4), molecules involved in insulin signaling, decreased significantly in the ovaries but not in the muscle of stressed rats. This decrease was preferentially located in theca-interstitial cells compared with granulosa cells, indicating that theca cells (the only cells directly innervated by sympathetic nerves) are responsible for the ovarian insulin resistance found in stressed rats. These findings suggest that ovarian insulin resistance produced by chronic stress could be in part responsible for the development of the polycystic condition induced by stress.
Role of DNA End Distortion in Catalysis by Avian Sarcoma Virus Integrase (2001)

Retroviral integrase (IN) recognizes linear viral DNA ends and introduces nicks adjacent to a highly conserved CA dinucleotide usually located two base pairs from the 3'-ends of viral DNA (the "processing" reaction). In a second step, the same IN active site catalyzes the insertion of these ends into host DNA (the "joining" reaction). Both DNA sequence and DNA structure contribute to specific recognition of viral DNA ends by IN. Here we used potassium permanganate modification to show that the avian sarcoma virus IN catalytic domain is able to distort viral DNA ends in vitro. This distortion activity is consistent with both unpairing and unstacking of the three terminal base pairs, including the processing site adjacent to the conserved CA. Furthermore, the introduction of mismatch mutations that destabilize the viral DNA ends were found to stimulate the IN processing reaction as well as IN-mediated distortion. End-distortion activity was also observed with mutant or heterologous DNA substrates. However, further analyses showed that using Mn(2+) as a cofactor, processing site specificity of these substrates was also maintained. Our results support a model whereby unpairing and unstacking of the terminal base pairs is a required step in the processing reaction. Furthermore, these results are consistent with our previous observations indicating that unpairing of target DNA promotes the joining reaction.
Figure S10 from AZD4320, A Dual Inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x<sub>L</sub>, Induces Tumor Regression in Hematologic Cancer Models without Dose-limiting Thrombocytopenia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S10&lt;/p&gt;
Characterisation of fibre reinforced concrete mechanical properties: A review (2000)

Steel Fibre Reinforced Concretes have been extensively studied. Right now, powerful characterisation methods of FRC properties have to be used in order to give to structural engineers pertinent data's allowing them to design elements. In this paper, classical tests are reviewed and flexural test is analysed in details as characterisation method of mechanical FRC properties. The limits of toughness indexes defined in terms of area under load-deflection curves are put straight forward and it is shown that such indexes can not be used for FRC prescription in the frame of structural design. A new approach is proposed to extract from flexural test result a tensile stress-crack opening relation. For a better accuracy, it is proposed to run flexural test by using notched specimen and then recording directly crack opening. As the specimen is representative of fibres distribution which may be obtained in structure, such dual approach allows to obtain directly intrinsic characterisation relation of tensile FRC properties. According to the used model, this relation is unique and allows the analysis of FRC properties with an objective point of view.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of a 2‐Isopropylcinnamic Acid Derivative en route to the Blood Pressure‐Lowering Agent Aliskiren (2011)

Abstract Review: 71 refs.
Segment Distribution of the Micellar Brushes of Poly(ethylene oxide) via Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (2000)

Coronal structures of the micelles spontaneously formed in water by poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polybutadiene (PEO−PB) were investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Selective deuterium labeling of the hydrophobic PB block was employed to enhance the neutron scattering contrast between the PEO and PB segments for subsequent structural characterization of their micelles. Analyses of the core- and corona-contrast SANS data based on the intramicellar interference factors led to determination of the segment density profiles of the micellar PEO brushes. Both spherical and cylindrical brushes proved to have coronal layers that are best described in form by a concave concentration profile. The results are consistent with the view that the PEO segments, despite favorable interactions with water molecules, are significantly accumulated near the hydrophobic interface, possibly due to the effect of the strong incompatibility of PB and water.
The retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors are differentially expressed during myoblast differentiation. (1994)

Retinoids (all trans and 9-cis retinoic acid) are pleiotropic regulators of cell fate, and have been shown to regulate the expression of helix loop helix transcription factors (e.g MyoD, myogenin and Myf-5) that control myogenic differentiation. The effects of retinoids are mediated through the ligand dependent retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We have found that the messenger RNA transcripts encoding RAR are repressed during differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts while, conversely, RXR mRNA transcripts are induced in C2C12 myotubes. These results imply that RXRs, play a major regulatory role in differentiated muscle.
Low-loss Zero-Index Metamaterials with Bound State in the Continuum (2020)

We have realized a silicon Dirac-cone zero-index metamaterial which incorporates a bound state in the continuum at the near-infrared degenerate triple point. Here, radiative losses are strongly suppressed by the ~5000 Q-factor of the metasurface.
Modulation efficiency of traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder electro-optic quantum dot modulator (2005)

A traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder type electro-optic modulator using InAs/InGaAs columnar quantum dots is fabricated. The device has the measured modulation efficiency of 333.3 /spl deg//V/spl middot/mm for TE mode and 300 /spl deg//V/spl middot/mm for TM mode at 1.31 /spl mu/m.
Royal Jelly Peptides Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation In Vitro and In Vivo (2008)

Royal jelly peptides (RJPx) isolated from hydrolysates of water-soluble royal jelly proteins prepared with protease P exhibited significantly stronger hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity (p<0.001), and antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation (LPO, p<0.001), than did water-soluble royal jelly protein (WSRJP) in vitro. We also investigated the in vivo antioxidant activity of RJPx against ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced LPO. Male Wistar rats were divided into a control group (Group C), an Fe-NTA group (Group Fe), and an Fe-NTA with RJPx group (Group Fe+R). Rats in Group Fe+R were fed RJPx (2 g/kg body weight) daily for 5 wk. Fe-NTA (8 mg Fe/kg body weight) was then intraperitoneally injected, and serum lipid levels were examined 2 h later. Serum total cholesterol (TC) levels were lower (p<0.05) while low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and LPO were significantly higher (p<0.01) in Group Fe than in Group C. TC (p<0.05) and LPO levels (p<0.01) were lower in Group Fe+R than in Group Fe. Our data suggest that RJPx may inhibit LPO both in vitro and in vivo.
Two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs in parallel-plate metal waveguides studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2005)

In this paper, we report our experimental study on two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs embedded inside parallel-plate metal waveguides, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We observe that the temporal response of the photonic crystal slabs is significantly dispersed, indicative of strong dispersion near the edges of the photonic band gap. In the frequency domain, we observe several gaps whose sizes compare well with those from transfer matrix calculations. The group velocity and group velocity dispersion are characterized using a short-time Fourier transform analysis, and the results are consistent with the predictions from the photonic band structure. We have also measured reflection spectra using the photonic crystal as a 90° turning mirror, and in this way demonstrated frequency-selective components for quasi-optic guided wave propagation of terahertz pulses.
Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Periodontitis in Vivo (2016)

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is increasingly being explored for treatment of periodontitis. Here, we investigated the effect of aPDT on human dental plaque bacteria in suspensions and biofilms in vitro using methylene blue (MB)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) nanoparticles (MB-NP) and red light at 660 nm. The effect of MB-NP-based aPDT was also evaluated in a clinical pilot study with 10 adult human subjects with chronic periodontitis. Dental plaque samples from human subjects were exposed to aPDT-in planktonic and biofilm phases-with MB or MB-NP (25 µg/mL) at 20 J/cm² in vitro. Patients were treated either with ultrasonic scaling and scaling and root planing (US + SRP) or ultrasonic scaling + SRP + aPDT with MB-NP (25 µg/mL and 20 J/cm²) in a split-mouth design. In biofilms, MB-NP eliminated approximately 25% more bacteria than free MB. The clinical study demonstrated the safety of aPDT. Both groups showed similar improvements of clinical parameters one month following treatments. However, at three months ultrasonic SRP + aPDT showed a greater effect (28.82%) on gingival bleeding index (GBI) compared to ultrasonic SRP. The utilization of PLGA nanoparticles encapsulated with MB may be a promising adjunct in antimicrobial periodontal treatment.
Butterfly Wing Inspired High Performance Infrared Detection with Spectral Selectivity (2020)

Abstract This work explores an alternative infrared (IR) detection mechanism that is based on the desorption of vapor molecules from the Morpho butterfly nanostructures under the stimulation of incoming IR photons, and demonstrates the use of such stimulated desorption for both broadband and wavelength selective IR detection. Compared to the structural deformation‐based IR detection using the Morpho nanostructures, this detection mechanism enables more than an order of magnitude of improvement in both the response of relative reflectance and also the signal‐to‐noise ratio at the maximum heat‐sink‐free response speed. The stimulated desorption also provides the opportunity to achieve the wavelength selective IR detection due to the wavelength selective IR absorption of the adsorbed molecules. With the demonstrated high performance in both broadband and wavelength selective IR detection, this detection approach can potentially enable other high performance sensing systems, including chemical vapor, biological, energy, and environmental sensing systems.
Motion Pictures (1977)

David Denby's Awake in the Dark: An Anthology of American Film Criticism, 1915 to the Present (New York: Vintage Books Random House , 1977—$4.95, paper) William B. Adams' Handbook of Motion Picture Production (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977—price not given) David W. Samuelson's Motion Picture Camera and Lighting Equipment: Choice and Technique (New York: Hastings House, 1977—$8.95, paper) Alan G. Barbour's Cliffhanger: A Pictorial History of the Motion Picture Serial (New York: A&W Publishers, 1977—$14.95) Paul C. Spehr's The Movies Begin: Making Movies in New Jersey 1887-1920 (Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Morgan and Morgan, 1997—$13.95, paper) Anne Edwards' Vivien Leigh: A Biography (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1977—$9.95) Gerald Mast's Film/Cinema/Movie: A Theory of Experience (New York: Harper & Row, 1977—$17.50)