gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomic Nervous System Activity during Refractory Rise in Intracranial Pressure (2020)

Refractory intracranial hypertension (RIH) is a dramatic increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) that cannot be controlled by treatment. Recent reports suggest that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may be altered during changes in ICP. Our study aimed to assess ANS activity during RIH and the causal relationship between rising in ICP and autonomic activity. We reviewed retrospectively 24 multicenter (Cambridge, Tromso, Berlin) patients in whom RIH developed as a pre-terminal event after acute brain injury (ABI). They were monitored with ICP, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and electrocardiography (ECG) using ICM+ software. Parameters reflecting autonomic activity were computed in time and frequency domain through the measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Our results demonstrated that a rise in ICP was associated to a significant rise in HRV and BRS with a higher significance level in the high-frequency HRV (<i>p</i> < 0.001). This increase was followed by a significant decrease in HRV and BRS above the upper-breakpoint of ICP where ICP pulse-amplitude starts to decrease whereas the mean ICP continues to rise. Temporality measured with a Granger test suggests a causal relationship from ICP to ANS. The above results suggest that a rise in ICP interacts with ANS activity, mainly interfacing with the parasympathetic-system. The ANS seems to react to the rise in ICP with a response possibly focused on maintaining the cerebrovascular homeostasis. This happens until the critical threshold of ICP is reached above which the ANS variables collapse, probably because of low perfusion of the brain and the central autonomic network.
Comparison of COAP and UW-19 Protocols for Dogs with Multicentric Lymphoma (2007)

Abstract Background: Various chemotherapy protocols for treating lymphoma in dogs have been published; however, comparison of protocols from different studies is difficult, especially when evaluating survival time and toxicoses. Hypothesis: The choice of COAP (C, cyclophosphamide; O, vincristine; A, cytosine arabinoside; P, prednisone) and a modified University of Wisconsin 19-week (UW-19) induction protocol has no influence on overall survival times in dogs with lymphoma. Animals: One hundred and one dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Methods: Retrospective study (2001–2006). Dogs induced with either an 8-week COP-based protocol (C, cyclophosphamide; O, vincristine; and P, prednisone) with maintenance therapy (COAP group) or a 19-week CHOP (C, cyclophosphamide; H, doxorubicin; O, vincristine; and P, prednisone) based protocol (UW-19 group) were compared in terms of the duration of first remission, survival time, toxicoses, and cost. Results: There were 71 dogs in the COAP group and 30 dogs in the UW-19 group. Various protocols were used after the first relapse. The median duration of the first remission for the COAP and UW-19 groups were 94 days (range, 6–356 days) and 174 days (28–438 days), respectively (P &amp;lt; .01). The median survival times for dogs in the COAP and UW-19 groups were 309 days (6–620 days) and 275 days (70–1102+ days), respectively (P= .09). Dogs in the COAP group had a hazard ratio of 1.9 (95% CI 1.1–3.4) for death relative to the UW-19 group (P= .03), after controlling for the confounders (World Health Organization clinical stage, age, sex, use of doxorubicin during reinduction). The severity of neutropenia and gastrointestinal toxicoses were significantly higher in the UW-19 group than in the COAP group (P= .01 and P &amp;lt; .01, respectively). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Use of a long-term doxorubicin-containing sequential combination chemotherapy protocol is associated with a decreased risk of relapse and death relative to a non-doxorubicin-containing protocol.
Identification of Tricyclic Agonists of Sphingosine-1-phosphate Receptor 1 (S1P1) Employing Ligand-Based Drug Design (2016)

Fingolimod (1) is the first approved oral therapy for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. While the phosphorylated metabolite of fingolimod was found to be a nonselective S1P receptor agonist, agonism specifically of S1P<sub>1</sub> is responsible for the peripheral blood lymphopenia believed to be key to its efficacy. Identification of modulators that maintain activity on S1P<sub>1</sub> while sparing activity on other S1P receptors could offer equivalent efficacy with reduced liabilities. We disclose in this paper a ligand-based drug design approach that led to the discovery of a series of potent tricyclic agonists of S1P<sub>1</sub> with selectivity over S1P<sub>3</sub> and were efficacious in a pharmacodynamic model of suppression of circulating lymphocytes. Compound 10 had the desired pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile and demonstrated maximal efficacy when administered orally in a rat adjuvant arthritis model.
Prion-like proteins sequester and suppress the toxicity of huntingtin exon 1 (2014)

Expansions of preexisting polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts in at least nine different proteins cause devastating neurodegenerative diseases. There are many unique features to these pathologies, but there must also be unifying mechanisms underlying polyQ toxicity. Using a polyQ-expanded fragment of huntingtin exon-1 (Htt103Q), the causal protein in Huntington disease, we and others have created tractable models for investigating polyQ toxicity in yeast cells. These models recapitulate key pathological features of human diseases and provide access to an unrivalled genetic toolbox. To identify toxicity modifiers, we performed an unbiased overexpression screen of virtually every protein encoded by the yeast genome. Surprisingly, there was no overlap between our modifiers and those from a conceptually identical screen reported recently, a discrepancy we attribute to an artifact of their overexpression plasmid. The suppressors of Htt103Q toxicity recovered in our screen were strongly enriched for glutamine- and asparagine-rich prion-like proteins. Separated from the rest of the protein, the prion-like sequences of these proteins were themselves potent suppressors of polyQ-expanded huntingtin exon-1 toxicity, in both yeast and human cells. Replacing the glutamines in these sequences with asparagines abolished suppression and converted them to enhancers of toxicity. Replacing asparagines with glutamines created stronger suppressors. The suppressors (but not the enhancers) coaggregated with Htt103Q, forming large foci at the insoluble protein deposit in which proteins were highly immobile. Cells possessing foci had fewer (if any) small diffusible oligomers of Htt103Q. Until such foci were lost, cells were protected from death. We discuss the therapeutic implications of these findings.
Design for Waveguides in Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2000)

We present a design for waveguides in three-dimensional photonic crystals. A single-mode three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide can be created in the stacked-stripe structure by removing one stripe. A method for creating a waveguide bend is described. Numerical simulations show that a transmittance of more than 95% can be obtained over a wide range of frequencies. The results suggest that various types of optical circuits, such as a T-branch waveguide, can be created by removing or adding stripes in the stacked-stripe structure.
Programmable Data Planes: A survey (2018)

Networking is getting more complex because networks are rigid and don't permit innovation. Software Defined Network SDN gave more freedom for the network evolution, since it separates the Control plane and the data plane, and create new layering in the network. In SDN the controller is programmable whereas the data plane is not and this causes some limitation in the functionality and complexity. As a solution for this issue the Data Plane Programmability (DPP) was suggested. Some important DPP technologies such as OpenFlow-Protocol independent (OF-PI) and Programming Protocol independent packet processing (P4) and Protocol Obvious forwarding (POF) are good choices to improve the packet processing and networking in general.
Redox-Sensitive and Intrinsically Fluorescent Photoclick Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels for Traceable and Targeted Delivery of Cytochrome c to Breast Tumor in Mice (2016)

In spite of their high specificity and potency, few protein therapeutics are applied in clinical cancer therapy owing to a lack of safe and efficacious delivery systems. Here, we report that redox-sensitive and intrinsically fluorescent photoclick hyaluronic acid nanogels (HA-NGs) show highly efficient loading and breast tumor-targeted delivery of cytochrome c (CC). HA-NGs were obtained from hyaluronic acid-graft-oligo(ethylene glycol)-tetrazole (HA-OEG-Tet) via inverse nanoprecipitation and catalyst-free photoclick cross-linking with l-cystine dimethacrylamide (MA-Cys-MA). HA-NGs exhibited a superb CC loading content of up to 40.6 wt %, intrinsic fluorescence (λem = 510 nm), and a small size of ca. 170 nm. Notably, CC-loaded nanogels (CC-NGs) showed a fast glutathione-responsive protein release behavior. Importantly, released CC maintained its bioactivity. MTT assays revealed that CC-NGs were highly potent with a low IC50 of 3.07 μM to CD44+ MCF-7 human breast tumor cells. Confocal microscopy observed efficient and selective internalization of fluorescent HA-NGs into MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, HA-NGs exhibited also effective breast tumor penetration. The therapeutic results demonstrated that CC-NGs effectively inhibited the growth of MCF-7 breast tumor xenografts at a particularly low dose of 80 or 160 nmol CC equiv./kg. Moreover, CC-NGs did not cause any change in mice body weight, corroborating their low systemic side effects. Redox-sensitive and intrinsically fluorescent photoclick hyaluronic acid nanogels have appeared as a "smart" protein delivery nanoplatform enabling safe, efficacious, traceable, and targeted cancer protein therapy in vivo.
The alpha 5 beta 1 fibronectin receptor. Characterization of the alpha 5 gene promoter. (1991)

A genomic clone containing the gene for the alpha 5 subunit of the human alpha 5 beta 1 integrin complex was isolated by screening a human genomic library with the previously described alpha 5 cDNA (Argraves, W. S., Suzuki, S., Arai, H., Thompson, K., Pierschbacher, M. D., and Ruoslahti, E. (1987) J. Cell Biol 105, 1183-1190). The alpha 5 gene 5'-flanking region lacks both TATA and CCAAT boxes, and it is located in a CpG island. This region was an active promoter in transfection assays using the HT-1080 cell line (fibrosarcoma), which expresses alpha 5, but was inactive in the Raji cell line (B cell), which does not express alpha 5. These results indicate that the alpha 5 gene 5'-flanking region acts as a promoter that exhibits the expected cell-type specificity. Deletion of alpha 5 promoter sequences from position -657 to -178 caused transcription stimulation, suggesting that a silencer is located between these sites. Successive 5' deletions from position -178 decreased promoter activity until activity was essentially eliminated on deletion to position -27. Isolation of a functional promoter for the alpha 5 gene is a first step in understanding how expression of this gene is controlled at the molecular level.
Scaling the response of nanocrescent antennas into the ultraviolet (2014)

Short-axis dipole and long-axis quadrupole resonances of crescent nanoantennas can be shifted into the UV range by using small diameters, but as the diameter decreases so does local intensity enhancement. Higher-order modes, however, are very promising for operating in this range and can produce strong and tunable intensity enhancement below 300 nm wavelength.
High Energy Nuclear Fluid Dynamics (1990)

In the last decade more and more interest has been focussed on the problem of how to deduce the nuclear matter equation of state from experimental data, especially from heavy ion collisions. One has looked not only at densities around saturation to determine the stiffness of the equation of state, but recently also at very high densities (energies) in order to find signals for a phase transition to the quark gluon plasma. One problem is, however, the uncertainty in the bulk properties and the minor significance of the compression constant at ground state on the high density behaviour of the nuclear equation of state. Therefore it is a problem to deduce the equation of state from the ground state properties or vice versa.
Distortion invariant pattern recognition with phase filters (1987)

A recently developed approach for pattern recognition using spatial filters with reduced tolerance requirements is employed for the generation of filters containing mainly phase information. As anticipated, the recognition levels were decreased, but they remain adequate for unambiguous identification together with appreciable amounts of distortion immunity. Furthermore, the information content of the filters is compatible with low resolution devices like spatial light modulators.
Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 Activity and Prostaglandin E2Production through Down-regulation of NF-κB Activity by the Extracts of Fermented Beans (2010)

본 연구에서는 콩 발효 산물 추출물의 항염증 효능에 관한 기초 자료를 제시하기 위하여 PMA에 의해 유도되는 COX-2의 발현 및 <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX>의 생성 증가에 미치는 이들 추출물의 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 3가지 콩 발효 산물은 PMA에 의한 COX-2의 발현 증가를 매우 유의적으로 차단하였으며, 이는 <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX>의 생성 억제와 연관성이 있었다. 아울러 PMA에 의한 NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> 활성 증가 또한 콩 발효 산물들에 의하여 유의적으로 억제되었다. 이러한 결과들은 콩 발효 산물에 의한 NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> 활성의 억제가 COX-2의 발현을 저하시켰으며, 이로 인한 <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX>의 생성이 억제된 것으로 추정되어진다. 이러한 콩 발효 산물의 항염증 효과는 대두 추출물보다 아가콩 추출물에서 더욱 효과가 높게 나타났으며, 이는 향후 아가콩 추출물은 염증성 질환 예방/치료를 위한 적용 가능성이 매우 우수함을 제시하여 주는 결과이다. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is generally known as an inducible enzyme, and it produces arachidonic acid to prostaglandin <TEX>$E_2$</TEX> (<TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX>), which has been demonstrated to play a critical role in inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the extracts of fermented beans including soybean (FS), black agabean (FBA) and yellow agabean (FYA), on the expression of COXs and production of <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX> in U937 human promonocytic cells. Treatment of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly induced pro-inflammatory mediators such as COX-2 expression and <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX> production, whereas the levels of COX-1 remained unchanged. However, pre-treatment with FS, FBA and FYA significantly decreased PMA-induced COX-2 protein as well as mRNA, which is associated with inhibition of <TEX>$PGE_2$</TEX> production. Moreover, FS, FBA and FYA markedly prevented the increase of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX>) p65 by PMA. Our data indicate that the extracts of fermented beans exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes through the NF-<TEX>${\kappa}B$</TEX> signaling pathway.
Impact of low intensity millimetre waves on cell functions (2010)

Investigations on the biological impact of low levels of millimetre-wave energy date back to the first experiments on the generation and detection of these high-frequency signals by Sir Jagadis Chunder Bose at the end of the 19th century. Slightly more than a hundred years later, millimetre-wave transmission has become a ubiquitous commercial reality. Despite the widespread use of millimetre-wave transmitters for communications, radar and even non-lethal weapons systems, only a handful of researchers have funded programmes focusing on millimetre-wave interactions with biological systems. As such, there is a growing need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of these interactions and their possible adverse and therapeutic implications. Independent of the health impact of long-term exposure to high doses of millimetre-wave energy on whole organisms, there exists the potential for subtle effects on specific tissues or organs which can best be quantified in studies which examine real-time changes in cellular function as energy is applied. In this Letter, a series of experiments are presented which show changes in cell membrane potential and the action potential firing rate of cortical neurons under short (1 min) exposures to continuous-wave 60 GHz radiation at µW/cm2 power levels, more than 1000 times below the US government maximum permissible exposure. The findings have implications for non-contact stimulation and control of neurologic function, and might prove useful in a variety of health applications from suppression of peripheral neuropathic pain to the treatment of central neurological disorders.
Relaxant β‐Receptors in the Trachea, but not Prejunctional α2‐Receptors in the Tracheal Cholinergic Neurones, are Subjected to Homologous Desensitization (1982)

Guinea-pigs were pretreated with either isoprenaline, terbutaline or the alpha 2 agonist B-HT 920 in order to asses the hypothesis that beta-and alpha 2 receptors in trachea are subjected to homologous desensitization. In these experiments the beta receptor activity was investigated on tracheal ring preparations contracted with carbacholine. Both in the isoprenaline and the terbutaline pretreated group the relaxant responses to beta agonists were diminished. Pretreatment with B-HT 920 did not affect the sensitivity of the trachea to beta stimulation. In order to asses the responsiveness of alpha 2 receptors the trachea was contracted by electrical field stimulation in the presence of propranolol. During these conditions contractions were mediated by activation of cholinergic neurones and inhibitory effects of alpha stimulation were due to inhibition of the cholinergic neurotransmission by stimulation of prejunctional alpha 2 receptors. In these tests neither isoprenaline, terbutaline nor B-HT 920 pretreatment affected the responsiveness of alpha stimulation to inhibit the electrically induced contractions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Matrine. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In Vivo Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Targets of Levonadifloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus in a Neutropenic Murine Lung Infection Model (2019)

Levonadifloxacin is a novel benzoquinolizine subclass of fluoroquinolone, active against quinolone-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> A phase 3 trial for levonadifloxacin and its oral prodrug was recently completed. The present study identified area under the concentration-time curve for the free, unbound fraction of a drug divided by the MIC (<i>f</i>AUC/MIC) as an efficacy determinant for levonadifloxacin in a neutropenic murine lung infection model. Mean plasma <i>f</i>AUC/MIC requirement for static and 1 log<sub>10</sub> kill effects against 9 <i>S. aureus</i> were 8.1 ± 6.0 and 25.8 ± 12.3, respectively. These targets were employed in the selection of phase 3 doses.
Dynamic Analysis of Cold-Formed Steel Villa (2013)

In this paper, the finite element analysis software ANSYS is used for modal analysis and dynamic analysis of a cold-formed steel villa to calculate its natural frequency, vibration period and dynamic time history curves. The analysis provides a basis for cold-formed steel villas design and has a certain reference value for similar projects.
Combined inactivation of the Clostridium cellulolyticum lactate and malate dehydrogenase genes substantially increases ethanol yield from cellulose and switchgrass fermentations (2012)

The efficient intron-based gene inactivation system produced the first non-random, targeted mutations in C. cellulolyticum. As a key component of the genetic toolbox for this bacterium, markerless targeted mutagenesis enables functional genomic research in C. cellulolyticum and rapid genetic engineering to significantly alter the mixture of fermentation products. The initial application of this system successfully engineered a strain with high ethanol productivity from cellobiose, cellulose and switchgrass.
Comparative system analysis of carbon preserving fermentations for biofuels production (2013)

Godkänd; 2013; 20141207 (senmes)
10Gbit/s FSK transmission over 95 km SMF using an external optical FSK modulator (2004)

We demonstrate high-speed optical FSK transmission over a 95 km SMF at 10 Gbit/s using an integrated LiNbO/sub 3/ optical FSK modulator consisting of four phase modulators. FSK signal was demodulated by an optical interleaver.
Cortical representation of information about visual attributes: one network or many? (2007)

Information about various visual attributes, such as orientation or color, is represented in the primate striate cortex (VI) before reaching extrastriate cortices. Previous studies, using single-or multi-unit recordings, have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the question of whether these different attributes are represented by separate populations of neurons in VI. We addressed this question with imaging of intrinsic optical signals from macaque VI. The animals viewed either full field (uniform) color stimuli or drifting black and white gratings of various orientations. We used the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to determine the relative amount of information about a given attribute at each cortical location. We found that each single-trial image contained significant amounts of information about color or orientation. The information about either attribute was distributed unevenly across VI. Color information was concentrated in small regions of high information density, surrounded by large regions of low information density, while orientation information showed the opposite pattern. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that color and orientation are represented in different compartments in VI.
Ruminal metagenomic libraries as a source of relevant hemicellulolytic enzymes for biofuel production (2018)

The success of second-generation (2G) ethanol technology relies on the efficient transformation of hemicellulose into monosaccharides and, particularly, on the full conversion of xylans into xylose for over 18% of fermentable sugars. We sought new hemicellulases using ruminal liquid, after enrichment of microbes with industrial lignocellulosic substrates and preparation of metagenomic libraries. Among 150 000 fosmid clones tested, we identified 22 clones with endoxylanase activity and 125 with β-xylosidase activity. These positive clones were sequenced en masse, and the analysis revealed open reading frames with a low degree of similarity with known glycosyl hydrolases families. Among them, we searched for enzymes that were thermostable (activity at > 50°C) and that operate at high rate at pH around 5. Upon a wide series of assays, the clones exhibiting the highest endoxylanase and β-xylosidase activities were identified. The fosmids were sequenced, and the corresponding genes cloned, expressed and proteins purified. We found that the activity of the most active β-xylosidase was at least 10-fold higher than that in commercial enzymatic fungal cocktails. Endoxylanase activity was in the range of fungal enzymes. Fungal enzymatic cocktails supplemented with the bacterial hemicellulases exhibited enhanced release of sugars from pretreated sugar cane straw, a relevant agricultural residue.