gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
When Distributed Outperforms Centralized Scheduling in D2D-Enabled Cellular Networks (2018)

Device-to-device (D2D) communications is a promising technique for improving the efficiency of 5G networks. Employing channel adaptive resource allocation can yield to a large enhancement in almost any performance metric of D2D communications (e.g. Energy Efficiency). Centralized approaches require the knowledge of D2D links' Channel State Information (CSI) at the BS level. However, CSI reporting suffers from the limited number of resources available for feedback transmission. Alternately, we propose a distributed algorithm for resource allocation that benefits from the users' knowledge of their local CSI in order to minimize the users' transmission power while maintaining predefined throughput constraint. The key idea is that users compute their local performance metrics (e.g. energy efficiency) and then use a new signaling mechanism to share these values between each other. Under some condition, the performance of this distributed algorithm achieves that of theideal scheduling (i.e. with a global CSI knowledge of all the D2D links). We describe how this technique can be simply implemented by adapting existing CSI reporting (e.g. in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems). Furthermore, numerical results are presented to corroborate our claims and demonstrate the gain that the proposed distributed scheduling brings to cellular networks compared to the bestcentralized-limited feedback scheduling.
A Heuristic Refinement for Spacial Constraint Satisfaction Problems (1987)

The problem of arranging a set of physical objects according to a set of constraints is formulated as a geometric constraint satisfaction problem (GCSP), in which the variables are the objects, the possible locations of the objects are the possible values for the variables, and the constraints are geometric constraints between objects. A GCSP is a type of multidimensional constraint satisfaction problem in which the number of objects and/or the number of possible locations per object is too large to permit direct solution by backtrack search. A method is described for reducing these numbers by refinement along two dimensions. The number of objects is reduced by refinement of the structure, representing a group of objects as a single abstract object before considering each object individually. The abstraction used depends on domain specific knowledge. The number of locations per object is reduced by applying node and arc consistency algorithms to refine the accessible volume of each object. Heuristics are employed to control the order of operations (and hence to affect the efficiency of search) but not to change the correctness in the sense that no solutions that would be found by backtrack search are eliminated. Application of the method to the problem of protein structure determination is described.
Monte Carlo simulation of type-1 fcc Ising antiferromagnets (1998)

Using Monte Carlo methods we investigate the phase transition of an Ising system on the fcc lattice, with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction $J$ and ferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction $\ensuremath{\alpha}J$ for \ensuremath{\alpha} values up to 2. The scaling of the microcanonical entropy ${s}_{L}$ with system size $L$ agrees with the assumption of a first-order transition. Since the asymptotic behavior has not yet been reached, even for the largest systems with $L=40,$ our calculations cannot determine the order of the transition unambiguously.
Predicting Sedation Induced Respiratory Compromise during Colonoscopy (2007)

Purpose: Predicting respiratory compromise during sedation for colonoscopies is beneficial as more patients are presenting with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Measurement of upper airway collapsibility (critical pressure of the pharynx, Pcrit) offers potential in assessing the propensity for sedatives to produce airway obstruction1;2. The specific aim for this study was to compare Pcrit during sedation to the need for clinical intervention to maintain adequate ventilation. Methods: We recruited patients who were scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy under intravenous sedation. Airway collapsibility was measured using a device to produce negative airway pressure and quantified in terms of the amount of pressure required to produce no inspiratory flow in spite of respiratory efforts. The comparison outcome measurement was a “clinical intervention score (CIS)”– a graded intervention performed by the nurse administering the sedation in order to restore adequate ventilation in the subjects. Results: 17 patients (6 F), mean age 54 yrs (29–68), mean BMI 29 (23–40) completed the study. Sedation was managed by the gastroenterologist with midazolam, fentanyl or meperidine. No patients had a history of OSA, though three patients had an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score >10. Upper airway collapse (UAC) was elicited in 9/17 subjects. In 7/9 subjects, the Pcrit was less negative during sedation than while awake (indicating more collapsible upper airways during sedation). Central apneas were elicited in 4 subjects who did not experience frank UAC, and 1 patient had a combination of central and obstructive apneas. 6/17 patients required a clinical intervention during their colonoscopies, though these were not predicted by their Pcrit during sedation. Conclusion: Sedation induced Pcrit in our cohort did not predict the clinical intervention needed to restore adequate ventilation during sedation for colonoscopy. This contrasts with the correlation between Pcrit under anesthesia with the patient's sleep apnea hypopnea index. Sedation may still maintain the pharyngeal tone that is abolished during anesthesia. Negative airway pressure application did elicit central apneas in our cohort, which may indicate instability of the central respiratory controller in the face of pharyngeal negative pressure reflex instigation. Support: FAER Research Starter Grant.
Do Embedded Assessments in a Dual‐Level Food Chemistry Course Offer Measurable Learning Advantages? (2019)

Abstract The 2011 passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act requires managers to teach and verify that employees have learned and are engaged in science‐based food safety behaviors. Instructors using embedded assessments such as clickers can receive immediate feedback on how well learners understand what is being taught, allowing instructors to provide immediate, additional clarification and motivation. The objectives of this study were to: design and implement embedded assessment learning activities for each lecture objective in a combined undergraduate/graduate‐level, food chemistry course; measure students’ performance on three online examinations; and compare students’ performance on objectives reinforced by embedded assessment techniques against those objectives receiving traditional emphasis. For Exam 1, embedded assessment questions averaged 80.0% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 76.4%; for Exam 2, embedded assessment questions averaged 84.6% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 80.6%; and for Exam 3, embedded assessment questions averaged 85.9% and traditional emphasis questions averaged 73.7%. Pooling scores over all exams gave a grand mean of 83.6% for embedded assessment questions and 77.2% for traditional questions. As hypothesized, the average scores on questions reinforced by embedded assessment were considerably higher, 8.3% overall, with significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) higher scores. During lectures, students commented on the embedded assessments that then led to further discussion of any unclear points. When the class did poorly, operationalized as less than 80% correct, they petitioned to get a “do over” on the embedded assessment question after a clarifying discussion. Because the students became managers of their own learning, through embedded assessments, it is hoped that they will become more proficient instructors.
Protein Encapsulation in Mesoporous Silicate:  The Effects of Confinement on Protein Stability, Hydration, and Volumetric Properties (2004)

On the basis of the predictions of statistical-thermodynamic models, it is postulated that excluded volume effects may play a significant role in the stability, interaction, and function of proteins. We studied the effects of confinement on protein un/refolding and stability. Our approach was to encapsulate a model protein, RNase A, in a mesoporous silica, MCM-48, with glasslike wall structure and with well-defined pores to create a crowded microenvironment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where pressure perturbation and differential scanning calorimetric techniques are employed to evaluate the stability, hydration, and volumetric properties of the confined protein. A drastic increase in protein stability ( approximately 30 degrees C increase in unfolding temperature) is observed. The increase in stability is probably not only due to a restriction in conformational space (excluded volume effect due to nonspecific interactions) but also due to an increased strength of hydration of the protein within the narrow silica pores.
Level of training of nursing staff and the autonomy given to psychiatric inpatients: a multicenter study (2011)

This research examines the influence of the level of professional training of the caretaking staff in psychiatric wards, the type of wards in which a patient is treated and the patient's age compared with the level of limitation put on patient autonomy. Detailed questionnaires were administered to 296 nurses from five mental health centers who met inclusion criteria for the study. The level of autonomy restriction was measured using six representative cases from fieldwork of the interviewees. These cases were analyzed by the authors based on Collopy's theory, by categorizing the data according to the six polarities of autonomy presented in his work. Our findings suggest a positive correlation between the level of professional training of the nursing staff, patient's age and the level of autonomy given. Our findings did not show a significant relationship between the type of ward and level of autonomy, although there could be a tendency for higher autonomy within closed wards.
GaN laser diodes for atom-cooling for quantum technologies (2021)

Quantum technologies containing key GaN laser components will enable a new generation of precision sensors, optical atomic clocks and secure communication systems for many applications such as next generation navigation, gravity mapping and timing since the AlGaInN material system allows for laser diodes to be fabricated over a wide range of wavelengths from the u.v. to the visible. We report our latest results on a range of AlGaInN diode-lasers targeted to meet the linewidth, wavelength and power requirements suitable for quantum sensors such as optical clocks and cold-atom interferometry systems. This includes the [5s<sub>2</sub>S1/2-5p<sup>2</sup>P1/2] cooling transition in strontium+ ion optical clocks at 422 nm, the [5s<sup>2</sup> <sup>1</sup>S0-5p<sup>1</sup>P1] cooling transition in neutral strontium clocks at 461 nm and the [5s<sup>2</sup>s1/2 – 6p<sup>2</sup>P3/2] transition in rubidium at 420 nm. Several approaches are taken to achieve the required linewidth, wavelength and power, including an extended cavity laser diode (ECLD) system and an on-chip grating, distributed feedback (DFB) GaN laser diode.
Statics and Dynamics of MEMS Arches Under Axial Forces (2013)

This works aims to investigate the effect of axial forces on the static behavior and the fundamental natural frequency of electrostatically actuated MEMS arches. The analysis is based on a nonlinear equation of motion of a shallow arch under axial and electrostatic forces. The static equation is solved using a reduced-order model based on the Galerkin procedure. The effects of the axial and electrostatic forces on the static response are examined. Then, the eigenvalue problem of the arch is solved for various equilibrium positions. Several results are shown for the variations of the natural frequency and equilibrium position of the arch under axial forces ranging from compressive loads beyond buckling to tensile loads and for voltage loads starting from small values to large values near the pull-in instability. It is found that the dynamics of MEMS arches are very sensitive to axial forces, which may be induced unintentionally through microfabrication processes or due to temperature variations while in use. On the other hand, it is shown that axial forces can be used deliberately to control the dynamics of MEMS arches to achieve desirable functions, such as extending their stable operation range and tuning their natural frequencies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Opioid Receptor Binding, and Bioassay of Naltrindole Analogues Substituted in the Indolic Benzene Moiety. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Target detection in hyperspectral imagery using demixed spectral angles (2004)

We present a modification to the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) to perform mixed pixel target detection in hyperspectral imagery. Our method uses the linear mixing model to define a new set of coordinates using endmember spectra. We show that spectral angles measured in this new coordinate system differ from those measured in full band space, and that there is a natural interpretation of angles involving mixed pixels in these new coordinates. We include experimental evidence that our method outperforms traditional SAM in cases involving both subpixel and shaded target situations.
Structural anisotropy and orientation-induced Casimir repulsion in fluids (2010)

In this work we theoretically consider the Casimir force between two periodic arrays of nanowires (both in vacuum, and on a substrate separated by a fluid) at separations comparable to the period. Specifically, we compute the dependence of the exact Casimir force between the arrays under both lateral translations and rotations. Although typically the force between such structures is well-characterized by the Proximity Force Approximation (PFA), we find that in the present case the microstructure modulates the force in a way qualitatively inconsistent with PFA. We find instead that effective-medium theory, in which the slabs are treated as homogeneous, anisotropic dielectrics, gives a surprisingly accurate picture of the force, down to separations of half the period. This includes a situation for identical, fluid-separated slabs in which the exact force changes sign with the orientation of the wire arrays, whereas PFA predicts attraction. We discuss the possibility of detecting these effects in experiments, concluding that this effect is strong enough to make detection possible in the near future.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phosphonate Derivatives of Some Acyclic Pyridine‐C‐nucleosides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Motion capture of hands in action using discriminative salient points (2012)

Abstract. Capturing the motion of two hands interacting with an ob-ject is a very challenging task due to the large number of degrees of freedom, self-occlusions, and similarity between the fingers, even in the case of multiple cameras observing the scene. In this paper we propose to use discriminatively learned salient points on the fingers and to estimate the finger-salient point associations simultaneously with the estimation of the hand pose. We introduce a differentiable objective function that also takes edges, optical flow and collisions into account. Our qualitative and quantitative evaluations show that the proposed approach achieves very accurate results for several challenging sequences containing hands and objects in action. 1
Figure S3 from Genetic Predictors of Response to Systemic Therapy in Esophagogastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Alteration patterns of paired pre- vs post-treatment samples from HER2 positive patients treated with trastuzumab.&lt;/p&gt;
Mechanism-based design of simple, symmetrical, easily prepared, potent antimalarial endoperoxides (1996)

Mechanism-based design, two-step synthesis, and in vitro antimalarial testing showed thermally stable, crystalline, bicyclic endoperoxides 2a and 2b to be potent antimalarials. Their reduction by FeBr2 proceeds via oxy-radicals and then carbon radicals that undergo β-scission to form an alkene and a high-valent FeO species.
Aerosol Delivery Using Jet Nebulizer and Vibrating Mesh Nebulizer During High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation: An In Vitro Comparison (2016)

During HFOV, aerosol delivery with the nebulizer placed at proximal was greater than placement distal from the ETT, with VMN delivering more drug than JN. The inhaled drug was delivery correlated positively with ETT size, MAP, and bias flow, and inversely proportional to power settings.
Structural Characterization of 4-Bromostyrene Self-Assembled Monolayers on Si(111) (2007)

Organic functionalization of silicon holds promise for a variety of applications ranging from molecular electronics to biosensing. Because the performance and reliability of organosilicon devices will be intimately tied to the detailed structure of the organic adlayers, it is imperative to develop systematic strategies for forming and characterizing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon with submolecular spatial resolution. In this study, we use 4-bromostyrene for the photochemical growth of Br-terminated SAMs on Si(111). A variety of experimental and theoretical techniques including atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), X-ray standing waves (XSW), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and density functional theory (DFT) have been employed to determine the coverage and conformation of the 4-bromostryene molecules within the SAM. In particular, AFM verifies a continuous and atomically flat SAM, and the XRR data indicate a SAM thickness of 8.50 A and a molecular coverage of 46% of the surface silicon atoms. Because the DFT calculations indicate a molecular length of 8.89 A, the measured XRR thickness implies a molecular tilt angle of approximately 17 degrees. The XRR analysis also suggests that the Br atoms are preserved on top of the SAM in agreement with XPS measurements that show bromine bound solely to carbon and not to silicon. XRF reveals a Br atomic coverage of 50%, again in close agreement to that found by XRR. Single-crystal Bragg diffraction XSW is used to generate a three-dimensional map of the Br distribution within the SAM, which in conjunction with the XRR result suggests that the 4-bromostyrene molecules are tilted such that the Br atoms are located over the T4 sites at a height of 8.50 A above the top bulklike Si(111) layer. The direction of molecular tilt toward the T4 sites is consistent with that predicted by the DFT calculation. Overall, through this unique suite of complementary structural characterization techniques, it is concluded that the Br functional handle is preserved at the top of the SAM and is available for further substitutional chemistry.
Targeting Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (1998)

Abstract : This project is aimed at developing specific and effective vaccines for immunotherapy of breast cancer. Mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (mEGF-R) is expressed on a high proportion of breast carcinoma lesions derived from various patients, but not on any normal tissues tested, and is targeted in these studies. The major goal is to develop a rat model of immunotherapy against mammary carcinoma targeting mEGF-R. In this model, vaccines of mEGF-R (peptides, anti-idiotypic antibodies, recombinant antigen) are tested for their effects on the growth of established rat mammary carcinoma cells expressing rat and human mEGF-R. During the first year of funding, rat mammary carcinoma cells transfected with rat mEGF-R cDNA, recombinant baculovirus-derived rat and human mEGF-R protein and five mEGF-R peptides were produced and characterized. While the recombinant proteins and the peptides expressed the mutated epitope, this epitope was absent on the transfectants. During the past (second) year of funding, our efforts focused on the isolation of transfectants expressing the mutated epitope. Furthermore, recombinant adenovirus expressing mEGF-R were produced. Initial immunizations of rats with mEGF-R protein or peptides demonstrated the induction of specific antibodies reactive with the mutated protein.
Boron nitride converted carbon fiber (2023)

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to boron nitride converted carbon fiber. In one aspect, a method may include the operations of providing boron oxide and carbon fiber, heating the boron oxide to melt the boron oxide and heating the carbon fiber, mixing a nitrogen-containing gas with boron oxide vapor from molten boron oxide, and converting at least a portion of the carbon fiber to boron nitride.