gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fungal endophytes: diversity and functional roles (2009)

All plants in natural ecosystems appear to be symbiotic with fungal endophytes. This highly diverse group of fungi can have profound impacts on plant communities through increasing fitness by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, increasing biomass and decreasing water consumption, or decreasing fitness by altering resource allocation. Despite more than 100 yr of research resulting in thousands of journal articles, the ecological significance of these fungi remains poorly characterized. Historically, two endophytic groups (clavicipitaceous (C) and nonclavicipitaceous (NC)) have been discriminated based on phylogeny and life history traits. Here, we show that NC-endophytes represent three distinct functional groups based on host colonization and transmission, in planta biodiversity and fitness benefits conferred to hosts. Using this framework, we contrast the life histories, interactions with hosts and potential roles in plant ecophysiology of C- and NC-endophytes, and highlight several key questions for future work in endophyte biology.
Abstract A156: GA201 (RG7160) pretreatments and combination therapies improve efficacy without negatively affecting antitumoral ADCC. (2011)

Abstract GA201 is a humanized and glycoengineered IgG1 antibody which targets EGFR with boosted antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) in phase 2 clinical trials. Pretreatment with corticosteroids and/or anti-histaminics are of normal practice for monoclonal antibody therapy to prevent potential infusion reactions. GA201 follows a premedication regimen of anti-histaminics and hydrocortisone. Due to the dual GA201 mode of action, evaluation on the impact of these drugs on ADCC is critical and was previously assessed preclinically for potential negative impacts on immune effector cells and their capacity to mediate tumor cell killing. Combination phase II studies with GA201 + chemotherapy regimens are currently under investigation in NSCLC as first-line treatment (chemotherapy selection based on histology Cisplatin + gemcitabine for squamous and cisplatin + pemetrexed for non squamous) and in CRC as second-line treatment (FOLFIRI for KRAS-mutant CRC or cetuximab + FOLFIRI for KRAS-wildtype CRC). These combinations and others where tested prior use in the clinics to evaluate preclinical efficacy and their impact on the immune effectors in vitro, and in vivo. Chemotherapy combos showed additive or synergistc effect in anti-tumor efficacy as assessed in orthotopic xenograft models and all pre-medications and chemotherapies tested showed no negative impact on ADCC supporting their combination with GA201 in the clinics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A156.
Lubricating materials with additives (problems and perspectives) (2009)

One of many possible directions of further improvement of lubricating compositions with additives is considered. It consists in joint use of additives to oil in the form of powdered remetallisants and mineral friction modifying agents, and this allows realization of a synergistic effect in the structure of protective metal-ceramic coatings significantly increasing the operating ability of tribojoints.
Exploring Reinforcement Learning Method in Bidding Strategy Development for Day-Ahead Electricity Market (2020)

This paper introduces the detailed process of applying reinforcement learning to solve market participant bidding strategy problem. The process includes the setup of market clearing environment, reinforcement learning structure, and Q-learning algorithm. A comprehensive study on three specially designed problems demonstrates the Q-learning method can achieve significantly higher profit than the baseline method, which employs marginal cost as the offer price. The study provides insights to the learning process and the performance of Q-learning and demonstrates the performance varies with the changing condition of the environment, and tends to degrade with more complex patterns or random disturbances in the environment.
Helium liquefaction by a Gifford–McMahon cycle cryogenic refrigerator (1989)

This article describes the principal design features and performance test results of a three-stage Gifford–McMahon cycle cryogenic refrigerator by which the authors have achieved a no-load temperature of 3.3 K and succeeded in helium liquefaction. The refrigeration capacity was 20 mW at 4.2 K and the helium liquefaction rate was 10 cm3/h. The key point of the success is the selection of GdxEr1−xRh compounds as a regenerator material. This is the first time that a Gifford–McMahon refrigerator has liquefied helium without the use of a Joule–Thomson stage.
Discovery and Optimization of Sensing Materials Using Discrete and Gradient Arrays (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General principles of combinatorial materials screening Opportunities for sensing materials Designs of combinatorial libraries of sensing materials-discrete and gradient arrays Discrete arrays of sensing materials Gradient arrays of sensing materials Emerging wireless technologies for combinatorial screening of sensing materials Summary and outlook References
Figure S1 from Phase I Dose-Escalation and -Expansion Study of Telisotuzumab (ABT-700), an Anti–c-Met Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Progression-free survival in MET-amplified patients&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract #DDT01-2: Development of an RNAi therapeutic targeting KSP and VEGF for the treatment of liver cancers (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Malignancies of the liver, including hepatocelluar carcinoma and metastatic tumors of different origin, represent a high unmet medical need. Current therapeutic strategies frequently comprise inhibiting more than one molecular pathway contributing to tumor growth and maintenance. We are developing ALN-VSP, an RNAi therapeutic for liver malignancies comprised of lipid particle-formulated small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting VEGF and the mitotic kinesin, KSP (Eg5, Kif11). For each target, potent and specific siRNA duplexes have been identified following extensive screening in cell culture. Single dose screens were conducted initially; then, a subset of siRNAs was evaluated for dose-response and lead siRNAs selected based on potency in vitro . Moreover, silencing of KSP in vitro leads to cell death in multiple tumor cell lines, while silencing of VEGF leads to inhibition of VEGF secretion into cell culture medium. To achieve hepatic delivery, lipid particle formulations have been evaluated and shown to achieve silencing of hepatic gene expression with multiple siRNAs directed against distinct targets, including VEGF and KSP. To evaluate the potential of this approach for treating liver cancer, pre-clinical mouse orthotopic liver tumor model studies have been conducted with ALN-VSP. These tumor models comprised direct injection of human hepatoma cells (Hep3B) into the liver of scid/beige mice, which resulted in tumor growth as well as alpha-fetoprotein secretion. In these studies, ALN-VSP demonstrated dose-dependent mRNA suppression, mRNA cleavage consistent with an RNAi mechanism, monoaster formation consistent with KSP inhibition, inhibition of tumor growth and reduction of circulating AFP, and prolongation of survival. In addition, extension of lifespan with ALN-VSP was superior to the approved multi-kinase inhibitor, Sorafenib, in preliminary studies using this animal model. These studies indicate the potential therapeutic benefit of the RNAi therapeutic ALN-VSP targeting VEGF and KSP for the treatment of liver cancer. An IND application for ALN-VSP was submitted in 2008 and received FDA clearance in January. The Phase I clinical trial of ALN-VSP in patients will be initiated in the first half of 2009. 

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr DDT01-2.
Single-Antenna Sensor Localization with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (2022)

Estimation of a radio receiver's location from single-antenna observations - the received signal strength - is well known for its limited accuracy and lack of robustness. Yet, for reasons of energy- and space efficiency, emerging IoT devices will often be equipped with a single antenna. In this paper, we show how reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can bring robustness and precision to this estimation problem. We propose a novel RIS-assisted SISO location scheme, based on new dynamic RIS reconfiguration protocols and an associated Maximum Like-lihood location estimation. We derive the Fisher information, the Cramér- Rao bound, and evaluate through simulations the effects of various relative RIS geometries and RIS reconfiguration pro-tocols. Our results indicate that the deployment of multiple RISs in the far-field allows for centimeter-level estimator accuracy. Reconfiguring RISs in a (pseudo-) random manner outperforms a deterministic orderly protocol by about 4 dB.
Splanchnic ischaemia–reperfusion injury: mechanistic insights provided by mutant mice (2001)

Reperfusion of ischaemic tissues often leads to microvascular dysfunction that is manifested as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of arterioles, enhanced fluid filtration and leucocyte plugging in capillaries, and the trafficking of leucocytes and plasma protein extravasation in postcapillary venules. Efforts to define the mechanisms that underlie these microvascular responses to ischaemia and reperfusion have largely relied on pharmacological agents and monoclonal antibodies. Gene-targeting technology has been applied to the production of transgenic and knockout mice that are rapidly gaining acceptance as tools for mechanistic studies of ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that obviate some of the concerns (e.g. specificity) raised about previously employed experimental strategies. This review summarizes some of our efforts to apply gene-targeted mice to the study of I/R injury in the splanchnic vascular bed. A role for endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and reactive oxygen metabolites is supported by results from mutant mice. Low density lipoprotein receptor mice also reveal that the microvascular and inflammatory responses to I/R are greatly exaggerated during chronic hypercholesterolaemia. The wide variety of mutant mice that have been produced for inflammation-related research makes this experimental strategy particularly promising for mechanistic investigations of the tissue responses to I/R.
The RootChip: An Integrated Microfluidic Chip for Plant Science (2011)

Studying development and physiology of growing roots is challenging due to limitations regarding cellular and subcellular analysis under controlled environmental conditions. We describe a microfluidic chip platform, called RootChip, that integrates live-cell imaging of growth and metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana roots with rapid modulation of environmental conditions. The RootChip has separate chambers for individual regulation of the microenvironment of multiple roots from multiple seedlings in parallel. We demonstrate the utility of The RootChip by monitoring time-resolved growth and cytosolic sugar levels at subcellular resolution in plants by a genetically encoded fluorescence sensor for glucose and galactose. The RootChip can be modified for use with roots from other plant species by adapting the chamber geometry and facilitates the systematic analysis of root growth and metabolism from multiple seedlings, paving the way for large-scale phenotyping of root metabolism and signaling.
A novel mechanical clamp for strengthening of steel members using prestressed CFRP plates (2017)

Strengthening of existing steel members using prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates has certain advantages over non-prestressed reinforcement, especially due to the reduction in permanent tensile stresses acting on the steel members. However, only very low prestressing levels in CFRP plates may be reached when adhesively-bonded reinforcement is used. The reason is that high interfacial shear stresses generated in the adhesive layer during the prestress release process lead to the premature debonding of the prestressed CFRP reinforcements from the steel substrate under transient service loads. In the current study, a novel unbonded mechanical clamp is proposed to anchor high prestressing forces to the steel substrate. A finite element (FE) model was used to optimize the design of the required mechanical parts. Subsequently, a set of static and fatigue tests was performed to evaluate the performance of the optimized system. The experimental results proved that the proposed system is capable of transferring the entire tensile capacity of the normal modulus CFRP reinforcing plates (50 Ã 1.4 mm each) to the steel substrate without any slippage of the joint. Consequently, based on the static and fatigue tests performed in the current study, it can be concluded that the proposed unbonded mechanical clamping system can be used for strengthening of existing steel structures using prestressed unbonded reinforcements (PURs) to increase the ultimate capacity and/or fatigue life.
Structural and functional analysis of the semitendinosus tendon after harvest for soft tissue reconstructive procedures: a dynamic ultrasonographic study (2012)

Case series, Level IV.
Catalytic Dehydration of Fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in Low-Boiling Solvent Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) (2018)

A mixture of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and water was used as a new and unknown monophasic reaction solvent for fructose dehydration in order to produce HMF. HFIP is a low-boiling fluorous alcohol (b.p. 58 °C). Hence, HFIP can be recovered cost efficiently by distillation. Different ion-exchange resins were screened for the HFIP/water system in batch experiments. The best results were obtained for acidic macroporous ion-exchange resins, and high HMF yields up to 70% were achieved. The effects of various reaction conditions like initial fructose concentration, catalyst concentration, water content in HFIP, temperature and influence of the catalyst particle size were evaluated. Up to 76% HMF yield was attained at optimized reaction conditions for high initial fructose concentration of 0.5 M (90 g/L). The ion-exchange resin can simply be recovered by filtration and reused several times. This reaction system with HFIP/water as solvent and the ion-exchange resin Lewatit K2420 as catalyst shows excellent performance for HMF synthesis.
Preoxidation treatment using HCl/HF vapor (1991)

Replacement of the conventional two-step sequence of aqueous HF dummy oxide strip and wet clean by a one-step vapor phase HCl/HF/H/sub 2/O strip was investigated. Results indicated improvements in the electrical endurance of grown silicon dioxide and that the vapor mixture containing HCl was effective in reducing the detrimental effects caused by deliberately introduced contaminants. Compared with the conventional wet cleans, a 20% improvement in oxide lifetime was observed. Further improvements should be possible with proper optimization of the quantative composition or the constituents of the vapor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
GREB1 amplifies androgen receptor output in prostate cancer and contributes to antiandrogen resistance (2018)

Abstract Genomic amplification of the androgen receptor (AR) is an established mechanism of antiandrogen resistance in prostate cancer. Here we show that the magnitude of AR signaling output, independent of AR genomic alteration or expression level, also contributes to antiandrogen resistance, through upregulation of the coactivator GREB1. We demonstrate 100-fold heterogeneity in AR output within cell lines and show that cells with high AR output have reduced sensitivity to enzalutamide. Through transcriptomic and shRNA knockdown studies, together with analysis of clinical datasets, we identify GREB1 as a gene responsible for high AR output. We show that GREB1 is an AR target gene that amplifies AR output by enhancing AR DNA binding and promoting p300 recruitment. GREB1 knockdown in high AR output cells restores enzalutamide sensitivity in vivo. Thus, GREB1 is a candidate driver of enzalutamide resistance through a novel feed forward mechanism.
Ka-Band integrated optic modulators with periodic intermittent interaction electrodes (1991)

The high-frequency performance of traveling wave optical modulators is ultimately limited by the difference in the propagation velocities between the RF and optical signals. 1 This velocity mismatch leads to a phase asynchronization at higher frequencies that allows the latter part of the traveling wave structure to cancel the modulation produced by the forward part. One approach that overcomes this limitation, and that leads to efficient bandpass operation at millimeter wave frequencies, is to use a periodic intermittent interaction electrode 2 (Fig. 1). The periodic electrode "resets" tire phase relationship between the RF and optical signal at predetermined points along the traveling wave structure, so that each section of the traveling-wave structure makes a positive contribution to the overall modulation. This paper presents experimental results for an X-cut LiNbO 3 Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulator with a periodic electrode structure designed for optimum operation at 35 GHz.
The kinetics of the oxidative polymerization of 2.6‐xylenol with a copper‐amine complex (1972)

Abstract It was found that the oxidative polymerization of 2.6‐xylenol with a copper‐amine complex proceeds via a mechanism similar to that of a MICHAELIS‐MENTEN‐type reaction, the steady state being maintained during the polymerization; the kinetics were studied. The LINEWEAVER‐BURK plots showed linear relationships, supporting this mechanism. From the comparison of the kinetic constants it was concluded that oxygen not only takes part in the recycling step of the catalyst, but also promotes the catalytic action of the cuprous complex by being coordinated to the intermediate complex. K 1 values (the reciprocal of the MICHAELIS constant, K m ) vary with the amine‐ligand species, but the reaction‐rate constants (k 2 ) do not change, regardless of the ligands used. According to the kinetic formula, K 1 is proportional to the product of the formation constant of the complex between the copper‐amine catalyst and the monomer (K′ 1 ) by the rate constant of electron transfer (k e ). It is because of the K′ 1 values that the apparent polymerization rate varies with the amine ligands in the region of relatively low monomer concentrations. It was found that, as the ligand ratio ([pyridine]/[Cu]) increases, i.e. , as the selectivity for CO coupling increases, the K 1 values become larger. The mechanism for the coupling selectivity is discussed in relation to the K 1 values.
Interleukin-1 Blockade in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (2016)

Interleukin-1 blockade with anakinra reduces the systemic inflammatory response in patients with ADHF. Further studies are warranted to determine whether this anti-inflammatory effect translates into improved clinical outcomes.
A study for hypergolic vapor sensor development (1977)

In summary, the following tasks were completed within the scope of this work: (1) a portable Monomethylhydrazine analyzer was developed, designed, fabricated and tested. (2) A portable NO2 analyzer was developed, designed, fabricated and tested. (3) Sampling probes and accessories were designed and fabricated for this instrumentation. (4) Improvements and modifications were made to the model 7630 Ecolyzer in preparation for field testing. (5) Instrument calibration procedures and hydrazine handling techniques necessary to the successful application of this hardware were developed.
Anaerobic model for high-solids or high-temperature digestion – additional pathway of acetate oxidation (2014)

Current anaerobic digestion models cannot properly simulate processes that are operated under high solids concentrations or high temperatures. A modification to existing models has been implemented by adding important missing degradation pathways, to accommodate these systems without artificially recalibrating the model parameters. Specifically, we implemented the alternate acetate oxidizing mechanism that is more tolerant to ammonia than the standard aceticlastic pathway. Inhibition values were estimated and an empirical function has been used to apply ammonia inhibition. The model also relates metabolic activity to un-ionised species such as undissociated acetic acid as substrate (although not obligatory for all organisms) and unionised ammonia as inhibitor. The model relies on an equilibrium chemistry module (e.g. including the phosphate buffer), resulting in more accurate pH predictions, which is crucial for proper modeling of CO2 and NH3 stripping. Calibration results from three case-studies modeling thermal hydrolysis and subsequent digestion of sludge are presented.
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron pseudovirus by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera (2021)

Abstract A new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage, B.1.1.529, was recently detected in Botswana and South Africa and is now circulating globally. Just two days after it was first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO), this strain was classified as a variant of concern (VOC) and named Omicron. Omicron has an unusually large number of mutations, including up to 39 amino acid modifications in the spike (S) protein, raising concerns that its recognition by neutralizing antibodies from convalescent and vaccinated individuals may be severely compromised. In this study, we tested pseudoviruses carrying the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins of either the Wuhan reference strain, the Beta, the Delta or the Omicron variants of concern with sera of 51 participants that received two doses or a third dose (≥6 months after dose 2) of the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2. Immune sera from individuals who received two doses of BNT162b2 had more than 22-fold reduced neutralizing titers against the Omicron as compared to the Wuhan pseudovirus. One month after a third dose of BNT162b2, the neutralization titer against Omicron was increased 23-fold compared to two doses and antibody titers were similar to those observed against the Wuhan pseudovirus after two doses of BNT162b2. These data suggest that a third dose of BNT162b2 may protect against Omicron-mediated COVID-19, but further analyses of longer-term antibody persistence and real-world effectiveness data are needed.
Regression of Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma AfterChlamydia Psittaci–Eradicating Antibiotic Therapy (2005)

C psittaci-eradicating antibiotic therapy with doxycycline is followed by objective response in patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma, even after multiple relapses of the disease. A confirmatory, large, phase II trial is warranted to confirm whether this fast, cheap, and well-tolerated therapy could replace other more aggressive strategies as first-line treatment against ocular adnexal lymphomas.