gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of ridge geometry on lateral mode stability of (In/Al)GaN laser diodes (2005)

Abstract As a contribution to the current intense research efforts on wide band‐gap semiconductor devices which are directed towards the development of commercial blue laser diodes, in this issue's Editor's Choice the optimization of the waveguide structure, to achieve stable laser mode operation, is investigated. The cover picture shows the near‐field intensity distribution of the fundamental and first order lateral modes of a blue (Al,In)GaN laser diode together with the double longitudinal mode comb associated with these modes. The first author, Ulrich T. Schwarz, works on optical spectroscopy, characterization, and simulation of blue laser diodes and LEDs. Apart from semiconductor optoelectronics, the focus of his scientific interest is on modern optics, covering propagation invariant Bessel beams, Ince‐Gaussian beams and optical vortices.
Computer assisted multiplex sequencing (1992)

The objectives of this project are automation and optimization of multiplex sequencing. This year we have integrated direct transfer electrophoresis, automated multiplex hybridizations and automated film reading and applied this toward sequencing of three contiguous E. coli cosmids. Primers for the directed dideoxy sequence walking and sequence confirmation steps were synthesized with a 15 base tag complimentary to an alkaline phosphatase conjugate. A higher throughput synthesis device is well along in testing as are new automated hybridization devices. We have developed software for automatically annotating ORFs and databases of precise termini of proteis and RNA.
Trust and reputation in multiagent systems: strategies and dynamics with reference to electronic commerce (2010)

In multiagent interactions, such as e-commerce and peer-to-peer file sharing, being able to accurately assess the trustworthiness of other agents is important for agents to protect themselves from losing utility. We focus on an agent’s discount factor (time preference of utility) as a direct measure of the agent’s trustworthiness in a number of settings. We prove that an agent’s discount factor, when in context of the agent’s valuations and capabilities, is isomorphic to its trustworthiness for a set of reasonably general assumptions and definitions. Further, we propose a general list of desiderata for trust systems and show how discount factors as trustworthiness meet these desiderata. We also show how discount factors are a robust measure of trustworthiness when entering commitments with adverse selection and moral hazards.
When agents can significantly increase each other’s utility at a moderate cost, the socially optimal outcome is for the agents to provide favors to each other. However, when agents cannot support or enforce a market system, the favor environment forms a situation similar to the repeated prisoner’s dilemma because each agent can unilaterally improve its utility by refusing to help others. We present an adaptive tit-for-tat strategy that provides a mutually beneficial equilibrium when agents may have differing private discount factors and when favor costs and benefits are stochastic and asymmetric. This strategy enables agents to treat previously unencountered agents with caution, communicate about the trustworthiness of other agents, and evaluate past communication for deception. We discuss the details of our simulation results and the impact of various parameterizations and communication.
Building from the favor model, we examine more complex transactions with private discount factors as a model for trustworthiness. We closely examine the case of simultaneous favors, which comprise a single market transaction where two parties perform an exchange. Further, we investigate more complex market models, where agents directly compete on price and quality. We derive a number of methods that agents can use to obtain and aggregate information of other agents’ discount factors and valuations.
Despite the large body of work in reputation and trust in dynamic multiagent environments, no metrics exist to directly and quantitatively evaluate and compare reputation systems. We present a common conceptual interface for reputation systems and a set of four measurable desiderata, inspired by dynamical systems theory, that are broadly applicable across multiple domains. We discuss the implications, strengths, and limitations of our desiderata. Our discount factor as trustworthiness model performs well across the desiderata when measured against other established reputation models from the literature. We apply our desiderata to empirically evaluate the Amazon reputation mechanism in terms of actual ratings data obtained by sellers on Amazon’s marketplace.
Spontaneous mental replay of music improves memory for incidentally associated event knowledge. (2021)

Why is music effective at evoking memories from one's past? Familiar music is a potent cue that can trigger, often involuntarily, the recollection of associated autobiographical memories. The mechanisms by which associations between music and nonmusical knowledge initially form and consolidate into long-term memory have not been elucidated. In three experiments, we linked two common musical phenomena, involuntary musical imagery (INMI; commonly called "earworms") and music-evoked remembering, in testing the hypothesis that such imagery aids in the consolidation of memory for events with which music becomes associated. We manipulated the probability of experiencing INMI for novel music loops by first exposing participants to these loops during tasks that varied in attentional and sensorimotor demands. Then, 1 week later, these loops served as soundtracks for unfamiliar movies. Immediately after movie viewing, and at subsequent delays of 1-4 weeks, participants recalled movie details, using the soundtracks as retrieval cues. The amount of INMI across the delay periods predicted both the accuracy of the memory for the music itself and the amount of recalled movie knowledge at the temporal granularity of the 30-s epochs during which individual loops played. We conclude that the replay of musical sequence memories during episodes of INMI serves as a consolidation mechanism both for the music and for associated episodic information. We thus demonstrate that spontaneous internally cued memory reactivation is a naturally occurring memory process that improves retention of real-world event knowledge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Fluorosolvatochromism of furanyl- and thiophenyl-substituted acetophenones (2015)

Fluorosolvatochromism of four furanyl- or thiophenyl-substituted acetophenone derivatives is suitable to measure environmental effects.
Combination of the Human Anti-CD30 Antibody 5F11 with Cytostatic Drugs Enhances Its Antitumor Activity against Hodgkin and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines (2004)

Due to its selective overexpression on the malignant cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and large cell anaplastic lymphoma (ALCL), CD30 is an excellent target for immunotherapy of these diseases. The fully human monoclonal anti-CD30-antibody 5F11 has been shown to be effective against CD30-expressing cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, 5F11 shows promising antitumor activity in phase 1/2 clinical trials. To extend these promising results, the authors evaluated combinations of 5F11 with conventional cytostatic drugs against a variety of lymphoma cell lines in vitro. Most combinations tested showed at least additive cytotoxic effects on the HL-derived cell lines L428, L540, and L1236 and the ALCL-derived cell line Karpas 299 as measured by proliferation assays (XTT) and the induction of apoptosis (annexin-V FACS analysis). The most impressive results were detected with the combination of 5F11 and gemcitabine or etoposide. The data suggest that the combination of the human antibody 5F11 with conventional chemotherapy might be beneficial in the combined chemo-immunotherapy of CD30-positive lymphomas.
The effects of image homogenisation on simulated transcranial ultrasound propagation (2018)

Transcranial transmission of ultrasound is increasingly used in a variety of clinical and research applications, including high intensity ablation, opening the blood brain barrier, and neural stimulation. Numerical simulations of ultrasound propagation in the head are used to enable effective transcranial focusing and predict intracranial fields. Such simulations require maps of the acoustic properties of the head, which can be derived from clinical CT images. However, the spatial resolution of these images is typically coarser than the scale of heterogeneities within the skull bone, which are known to exert a major influence on ultrasound propagation. In the present work, the impact of image related homogenisation on transcranial transmission from a single element transducer is examined using a dataset of co-registered clinical resolution CT and micro-CT images of skull sections. Reference acoustic property maps are derived from micro-CT images of cortical bone tissue. The influence of imaging resolution is examined by progressively downsampling the segmented acoustic property maps, and through comparison with maps derived from co-registered clinical CT images. The influence of different methods of segmenting the bone volume from the clinical CT images, and for resampling the clinical and micro-CT data are also examined. Image related homogenisation is demonstrated to have a substantial effect on the transcranial transmission of ultrasound, resulting in underestimations of simulated transmission loss and time-of flight. Effects on time-of flight are due to the loss of the internal scattering microstructure of the skull, while changes in transmitted ultrasound amplitude are due to both loss of microstructure and other smoothing effects. Inflating the simulated attenuation coefficient of the skull layer reduces the error in transmitted pressure amplitude to around 40%, however this is unable to correct fully for errors in time of flight and the pressure distribution of the transmitted field.
Effects, determination, and correction of count rate nonlinearity in multi-channel analog electron detectors (2014)

Detector counting rate nonlinearity, though a known problem, is commonly ignored in the analysis of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy where modern multichannel electron detection schemes using analog intensity scales are used. We focus on a nearly ubiquitous "inverse saturation" nonlinearity that makes the spectra falsely sharp and beautiful. These artificially enhanced spectra limit accurate quantitative analysis of the data, leading to mistaken spectral weights, Fermi energies, and peak widths. We present a method to rapidly detect and correct for this nonlinearity. This algorithm could be applicable for a wide range of nonlinear systems, beyond photoemission spectroscopy.
Networks and Services: Carrier Ethernet, PBT, MPLS-TP, and VPLS (2012)

"This book provides a comprehensive understanding of current and debated future networking technologies. It provides insight into building end-to-end networks and services with current and future technologies while also shedding light on the pros and cons of Optical-Ethernet and IMS networking to demonstrate to service providers and enterprise network owners how to choose the best technologies. Optical-Ethernet Networking is ideal for network architects, engineers, and planning professionals in telecommunications, as well as students in related disciplines"--
Radio network energy performance of massive MIMO beamforming systems (2014)

This paper evaluates the technology potential of using massive MIMO beamforming as a tool to enhance energy performance of radio networks. The geometry, user bit rate, required inter site distance, area power, discontinuous transmission ratio, and relative power consumption during transmission is evaluated by means of system level simulations and the results are compared with a traditional three-sectorized deployment. The simulation results indicate that massive MIMO beamforming can reduce network area power consumption significantly; especially if the gains are taken into account in the network planning process by enabling a deployment with larger inter site distance compared to the reference three-sectorized deployment without massive MIMO antenna systems. As an example we note that 5 dB additional link budget achieved by the massive MIMO beamforming can be used to reduce network area power consumption with 50% if we design the network for a 10 Mbps cell edge user throughput target.
A review of the growth, doping, and applications of Beta-Ga2O3 thin films (2018)

&beta;-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is emerging as an interesting wide band gap semiconductor for solar blind photo detectors (SBPD) and high power field effect transistors (FET) because of its outstanding material properties including an extremely wide bandgap (Eg ~4.9eV) and a high breakdown field (8 MV/cm). This review summarizes recent trends and progress in the growth/doping of &beta;-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films and then offers an overview of the state-of-the-art in SBPD and FET devices. The present challenges for &beta;-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> devices to penetrate the market in real-world applications are also considered, along with paths for future work.
EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER (DAP) AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND THEIR INTERACTION ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL , PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF Arachis Hypogaea L (2011)

Afield study was carried out on peanuts to determine its response to different levels of phosphate and animal manure in terms of some morphological (plant length number of branches ,leaf area,dry weight of the vegetative group )and physiological characterics such as (leaves content of chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophyll and carbohydrates and soluble protein in leaves). The results have shown significant response of peanuts when fertilized with different levels of phosphates .The best response was achieved with 40kg p/ha of phosphates for all studies properties.Also peanuts showed significant response when fertilized with different levels of animal manure (sheep and cow wastes). The best response was achieved with 40kg p/ha of sheep and cow manure. Results have shown sheep wastes manure gave the best response for all studies properties. Mixing organic with phosphates gave significant response for all studies properties . The best of interaction was 80 kg p/ha with 40 ton/ha of organic manure. The interaction between phosphates and sheep wastes gave the best response for peanuts properties than interaction with cow wastes for all studies properties. It can be concluded that the best suitable ratio for peanuts to gave the best production characteristic to be fertilized with 80 kg p/ha with 40 ton/ha of sheep wastes.
Nanogap formation by palladium hydrogenation for surface conduction electron emitters fabrication (2007)

Nanometer-scale gaps in Pd strips are obtained by hydrogen absorption under high pressure treatment. The resulting lattice constant increase due to the Pd phase transformation after hydrogen uptake results in a large compressive stress on the thin Pd films. Under proper geometric arrangement of the Pd electrode within a surface conduction electron (SCE) emitter structure, a single nanogap per SCE device is obtained. A turn-on voltage of 41V is observed for emitters with a 25nm gap.
Predicting the Importance of Newsfeed Posts and Social Network Friends (2010)

As users of social networking websites expand their network of friends, they are often flooded with newsfeed posts and status updates, most of which they consider to be "unimportant" and not newsworthy. In order to better understand how people judge the importance of their newsfeed, we conducted a study in which Facebook users were asked to rate the importance of their newsfeed posts as well as their friends. We learned classifiers of newsfeed and friend importance to identify predictive sets of features related to social media properties, the message text, and shared background information. For classifying friend importance, the best performing model achieved 85% accuracy and 25% error reduction. By leveraging this model for classifying newsfeed posts, the best newsfeed classifier achieved 64% accuracy and 27% error reduction.
Draft Genome Sequence Analysis of a Pseudomonas putida W15Oct28 Strain with Antagonistic Activity to Gram-Positive and Pseudomonas sp. Pathogens (2014)

Pseudomonas putida is a member of the fluorescent pseudomonads known to produce the yellow-green fluorescent pyoverdine siderophore. P. putida W15Oct28, isolated from a stream in Brussels, was found to produce compound(s) with antimicrobial activity against the opportunistic pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, an unusual characteristic for P. putida. The active compound production only occurred in media with low iron content and without organic nitrogen sources. Transposon mutants which lost their antimicrobial activity had the majority of insertions in genes involved in the biosynthesis of pyoverdine, although purified pyoverdine was not responsible for the antagonism. Separation of compounds present in culture supernatants revealed the presence of two fractions containing highly hydrophobic molecules active against P. aeruginosa. Analysis of the draft genome confirmed the presence of putisolvin biosynthesis genes and the corresponding lipopeptides were found to contribute to the antimicrobial activity. One cluster of ten genes was detected, comprising a NAD-dependent epimerase, an acetylornithine aminotransferase, an acyl CoA dehydrogenase, a short chain dehydrogenase, a fatty acid desaturase and three genes for a RND efflux pump. P. putida W15Oct28 genome also contains 56 genes encoding TonB-dependent receptors, conferring a high capacity to utilize pyoverdines from other pseudomonads. One unique feature of W15Oct28 is also the presence of different secretion systems including a full set of genes for type IV secretion, and several genes for type VI secretion and their VgrG effectors.
Torque Priority Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Balancing Operation Time Reduction and Torque Response (2013)

This paper proposes a new torque priority control system based on a new voltage limitation method considering the q-axis current differential value for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. The conventional torque priority control system with the M'-T' axis realizes a fine torque response. However, the operation time of the conventional system increases owing to coordinate transformation and calculation of motor parameters. As a result, it is difficult to implement the control system. The proposed torque priority control is able to reduce the operation time without degrading the torque response. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed torque priority control system.
Generation of Intense 25-fs Pulses at 290 nm by Use of a Hollow Fiber Filled with High-Pressure Argon Gas (2002)

Frequency-tripled pulses at 290 nm from a 100-fs, 1-kHz Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier system are spectrally broadened in hollow fiber filled with high-pressure argon gas. The self-phase-modulated pulses are compressed to 25 fs through a prism pair. The compressed pulse has an energy of 15 µJ.
Genome-scale analysis ofAcetobacterium bakiireveals the cold adaptation of psychrotolerant acetogens by post-transcriptional regulation (2018)

Acetogens synthesize acetyl-CoA via CO<sub>2</sub> or CO fixation, producing organic compounds. Despite their ecological and industrial importance, their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation has not been systematically studied. With completion of the genome sequence of <i>Acetobacterium bakii</i> (4.28-Mb), we measured changes in the transcriptome of this psychrotolerant acetogen in response to temperature variations under autotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions. Unexpectedly, acetogenesis genes were highly up-regulated at low temperatures under heterotrophic, as well as autotrophic, growth conditions. To mechanistically understand the transcriptional regulation of acetogenesis genes via changes in RNA secondary structures of 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTR), the primary transcriptome was experimentally determined, and 1379 transcription start sites (TSS) and 1100 5'-UTR were found. Interestingly, acetogenesis genes contained longer 5'-UTR with lower RNA-folding free energy than other genes, revealing that the 5'-UTRs control the RNA abundance of the acetogenesis genes under low temperature conditions. Our findings suggest that post-transcriptional regulation via RNA conformational changes of 5'-UTRs is necessary for cold-adaptive acetogenesis.
A new, unexpected synthesis of 1,3-dithietanones (2003)

Treatment of a geminal pivaloxy xanthate, prepared by an intermolecular radical addition of a xanthate to vinyl pivalate, gives a 1,3-dithietanone, a little known class of compounds.
Markov Entropy Decomposition: A Variational Dual for Quantum Belief Propagation (2011)

We present a lower bound for the free energy of a quantum many-body system at finite temperature. This lower bound is expressed as a convex optimization problem with linear constraints, and is derived using strong subadditivity of von Neumann entropy and a relaxation of the consistency condition of local density operators. The dual to this minimization problem leads to a set of quantum belief propagation equations, thus providing a firm theoretical foundation to that approach. The minimization problem is numerically tractable, and we find good agreement with quantum Monte Carlo calculations for spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in two dimensions. This lower bound complements other variational upper bounds. We discuss applications to Hamiltonian complexity theory and give a generalization of the structure theorem of [P. Hayden et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 246, 359 (2004).] to trees in an appendix.
Maximizing handler thermal throughput with a rib-roughened test tray (2002)

A new design feature of an integrated circuit (IC) test handler tray is described that significantly improves the convective heat transfer to the tray and the IC devices in the tray. The improved tray incorporates vertically protruding ribs which breakup thermal boundary layers and enhance mixing. High-speed, tray-based handlers can consequently warm or cool trays of devices at substantially faster rates. Design equations for the tray ribs are verified through experimental testing and provide a means to predict the warm-up or cool-down times of the tray and devices.
Simulated Annealing Algorithm & ReRAM Device Co-optimization for Computation-in-Memory (2021)

This paper co-optimizes simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and 40 nm TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> -based resistive random access memory (ReRAM) for computation-in-memory (CiM) to solve combinatorial optimization problems such as the knapsack problem. SA in ReRAM CiM promises low power consumption, high throughput, and high scalability. However, in ReRAM, bit-error occurs and `Current window' becomes small. First, to overcome ReRAM device problems under high stress condition, Adaptive Endurance Relaxation (AER) is proposed to adaptively change the interval of relaxation based on Set/Reset cycles. By applying AER to ReRAM, Bit-Error Rate (BER) decreases by 100% and the current window increases by 21.2%. Second, SA algorithm mapping to ReRAM-based CiM is proposed. SA algorithm mapping enables ReRAM CiM to calculate Hamiltonian, which is equivalent to Ising model. By combining two proposals, SA Algorithm and Device Co-optimization (ADCO) improves the acceptable bit precision by 2 bits and the acceptable BER twice.
Image Chain Modeling and Applications (2012)

Modeling the imaging chain of digital cameras is necessary to relate the camera design parameters to the resulting image quality. Applications include designing cameras to meet image quality requirements as well as identifying fake images.