gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Approach for Wi-Fi RTT Ranging (2019)

The following paper, presents a supervised, deep-learning, neural network approach for range estimation based on IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) round-trip timing (RTT) measurements. The range estimation accuracy is compared against a standard, time-of-arrival (TOA), maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE)-based range estimation. The deep-learning approach is based on a “Siamese”, artificial neural network (ANN), which was trained using both indoor channel simulation, as well as actual channel measurements collected in a real, indoor office environment. Both the MLE and ANN range estimators were tested using real-channel measurements and the estimation accuracy was analyzed using “ground-truth” information collected using a LiDAR system. It is shown that the ANN-based approach outperforms the accuracy achieved by the classical MLE approach.
Time-delayed transformation of defects in zinc oxide layers grown along the zinc-face using a hydrothermal technique (2009)

A study of deep level defects in a hydrothermally grown, intrinsically n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) device has been carried out using conventional deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Performed under variable measurement conditions, DLTS demonstrates two electron trap levels, E1 (dominant) and E2, with activation energies Ec−0.22±0.02 eV and Ec−0.47±0.05 eV, respectively. A time-delayed transformation of shallow donor defects zincinterstitial and vacancyoxygen (Zni-VO) into the E1 level has been observed. While the x-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the preferred direction of ZnO growth is along the (101¯0) plane, i.e., the (Zni-VO) complex, it is assumed that the (Zni-VO) complex is transformed into a zinc antisite (ZnO) under favorable conditions. As a result, the free carrier concentration decreases with increasing trap concentration. Henceforth, the E1 level exhibiting the increase in concentration is attributed to ZnO.
Abstract 14535: Regional in vivo Assessment of Myocardial Stiffness Using 3d Magnetic Resonance Elastography in a Pig Model With Induced Myocardial Infarction (2016)

Introduction: Myocardial stiffness is a novel biomarker with both diagnostic and prognostic potential in a range of cardiac diseases. The application of a noninvasive imaging technique called Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) to the heart enables the measurement of myocardial stiffness in vivo. The potential of this technique to assess regional myocardial stiffness has not yet been demonstrated. Hypothesis: MRE can regionally differentiate between normal and infarcted myocardial tissue. Methods: A myocardial infarction was induced in 5 pigs by embolizing the left circumflex artery with ceramic microspheres. Fourteen days post-surgery, imaging was performed in diastole on a 1.5 Tesla scanner (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) with 3-mm isotropic resolution using an ECG-gated spin-echo echo-planar-imaging MRE sequence with 140 Hz vibrations. After MRE, the pig was sacrificed using potassium chloride solution and the heart was excised and cut into short-axis slices and stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) to identify the location of the myocardial infarction. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed (MTS, Eden Prairie, MN) on sections of infarcted and remote myocardium. For each pig, MRE stiffness images were calculated, and the mean stiffness was reported over two manually drawn ROIs, prescribed off the magnitude image, over both the infarct and remote normal myocardium. Results & Conclusions: Increased stiffness in myocardial infarctions was observed (Figure 1) in all 5 pigs, with mean infarct stiffness = 4.6 kPa ± 0.7 and normal stiffness = 3.0 kPa ± 0.6 (p = 0.02). Ex vivo uniaxial mechanical testing showed the mean tensile modulus was 0.65 ± 0.08 MPa and 0.11 ±0.02 MPa (p= 0.012) for the infarct and normal myocardium, respectively. This marks the first time that regional myocardial stiffness has been directly measureable in vivo and the first time that cardiac MRE has been validated against a material-testing reference standard.
Placental expression of the nuclear receptors for oxysterols LXRα and LXRβ during mouse and human development (2005)

Ontogenesis and localization expression of genes encoding for the nuclear receptors for oxysterols (lxralpha and lxrbeta) were investigated in human and mouse placenta during gestation. Both mRNAs were detectable in the placentation throughout the gestation (from 7 days postcoitum and 6th week of gestation in mouse and human, respectively) by Northern blots or RT-PCR experiments. Lxralpha showed a higher accumulation in the mouse yolk sac. In situ hybridization pointed a specific expression of lxralpha in the human amniotic membranes.
Pulsed electric fields assisted extraction from food plants: multi-scale studies (2011)

6th International CIGR Technical Symposium "Towards a sustainable food chain" (Section VI - Food process, bioprocessing & food quality management), Nantes, France, 18-20 April 2011
Fiber Based Optical Amplifier for High Energy Laser Pulses Final Report CRADA No. TC02100.0 (2017)

This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (formerly The Regents of the University of California)/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and The Boeing Company to develop an optical fiber-based laser amplifier capable of producing and sustaining very high-energy, nanosecond-scale optical pulses. The overall technical objective of this CRADA was to research, design, and develop an optical fiber-based amplifier that would meet specific metrics.
Home Video Summarization by Shot Characteristics (2004)

We propose a home video summarization representing by a group of representative frames (R-frames) from each shot. Each shot, a number of R-frames is calculated by the shot duration and motion activity. When events of shots are not related to each other (One tape contains many events), it is desired to retrieve more information from more shots. Our algorithm allows users to select the number of shots appearing in the summarized video which give an optional way to understand the original sequence. In our experiments, we summarize video into variable number of shot appearing in the summary. We also evaluate the summary by users's subjective evaluations.
Multilayer radiation shield (2023)

A power generation system including: a generator including a rotor including a superconductive rotor coil coupled to a rotatable shaft; a first prime mover drivingly coupled to the rotatable shaft; and a thermal radiation shield, partially surrounding the rotor coil, including at least a first sheet and a second sheet spaced apart from the first sheet by centripetal force produced by the rotatable shaft. A thermal radiation shield for a generator including a rotor including a super-conductive rotor coil including: a first sheet having at least one surface formed from a low emissivity material; and at least one additional sheet having at least one surface formed from a low emissivity material spaced apart from the first sheet by centripetal force produced by the rotatable shaft, wherein each successive sheet is an incrementally greater circumferential arc length and wherein the centripetal force shapes the sheets into a substantially catenary shape.
Sensitivity of telecom dc-dc converter optimization to the level of detail of the system model (2011)

Efficient power conversion is one of the fundamental research drivers for modern power supplies. In order to achieve and design on the edge of the system performance space, automatic optimization procedures based on comprehensive analytical converter operation and loss models have to be employed. In this paper, a 5kW, 400V to 46-56V phase-shift dc-dc converter with LC output filter is optimized for the highest possible full-load efficiency. The system performance is discussed and compared for full-load, half-load and part-load optimization. Furthermore, the complexity of the first applied comprehensive analytical models is reduced step by step and the resulting values of the design parameters and the system performance are compared in detail with the reference system optimized with the comprehensive models. The sensitivity of the optimization to the level of detail of the modeling as well as the possibilities of the model-complexity reduction is explained. It is shown that certain complex components of the system model can be omitted without noticeably affecting the resulting efficiency.
Novel Soft-Switching DC-DC Converter of High Efficiency (1995)

In this paper, the authors propose a novel soft switching DC-DC converter of a high efficiency. The switching devices in a pro­posed circuit are operated with soft switching by the partial resonant method. The partial resonant circuit makes use of a inductor using step up and a condenser of loss-less snubber. The result is that switching loss is very low and efficiency of system is high. Also the proposed converter is deemed the most suitable for high power applications where the power switching devices are used. 
Some simulative results on computer and experimental results are included to confirm the validity of the analytical results.
Real-time Bond Wire Lift-off Monitoring via Module Integrated Current Sensors (2019)

Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) detectors were integrated in power modules for high-bandwidth current sensing in energy conversion applications. This work proposes methodologies for utilizing the already integrated current sensors for simultaneous monitoring of bond wire lift-offs. No additional hardware is needed. The magnetic field variations caused by the lift-offs are detected by the GMRs in the vicinity of the lifted bond wire. This information is separated from the current sensing signals by two methods. The methods work in real time and have a response as soon as one bond wire is lifted. The methods can also determine which bond wire is lifted. FEAs and experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed methodologies in a 6-in-1 IGBT.
ATP Hydrolysis Is Not Required for the Dissociation of a Substance P·BiP Complex (1996)

BiP is a member of the hsp70 family of proteins that is present in the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions as a molecular chaperone. Rapid quantitative assays have been used to study the effect of mutating BiP residue 229, located in the ATP binding site, from threonine to glycine. Although binding of ATP to the mutant BiP was not affected, the mutant protein possessed 10-20% of the wild-type BiP ATPase activity. Binding to a model peptide substrate, substance P (Brot et al. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 12120-12124), was twofold higher with mutant BiP at 4 degrees C than with wild-type BiP, and was ATP dependent. Under these conditions the substance P that was bound to mutant BiP, but not the wild-type, could be released by higher levels of ATP (5-10 microM), and the ratio of substance P released to ATP hydrolyzed was greater than 10. These results suggest that stoichiometric ATP hydrolysis is not required for release of a chaperone from its substrate.
Contagious and Empowering Enthusiasm [People] (2021)

Recounts the career and contributions of Jim Meindl.
Duodenal imaging by tethered capsule OCT endomicroscopy in adolescents with environmental enteric dysfunction (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) is a poorly understood condition of the small intestine that is prevalent in regions of the world with inadequate sanitation and hygiene. EED affects 25% of all children globally and causes over a million deaths each year. The condition is associated with increased intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, inflammation and villous blunting. The loss of absorptive area and intestinal function leads to nutrient malabsorption, with long term outcomes characterized by stunted growth and neurocognitive development. Currently, the only way to directly evaluate the morphology of the intestine is endoscopy with mucosal biopsy. Yet because EED is endemic in low and middle-income countries, endoscopy is untenable for studying EED. As a result, the diagnosis of EED and the assessment of the efficacy of EED interventions is hampered by an inability to evaluate the intestinal mucosa. Our lab has previously developed a technology termed tethered capsule OCT endomicroscopy (TCE). The method involves swallowing an optomechanically-engineered pill that generates 3D images of the GI tract as it traverses the lumen of the organ via peristalsis, assisted by gravity. In order to study the potential of using TCE to investigate EED, we initiated and conducted a TCE study in adolescents at Aga Khan Medical Center in Pakistan. To make swallowing easier, the tethered capsule’s size was reduced from 11x25 mm to 8x22 mm. Villous morphologic visualization was enhanced by building a notch (x mm deep, y mm wide) in the capsule’s imaging window. To date, 26 Pakistani subjects with ages ranging from 14 to 18 y/o (16.4 +/- 1.0) have been enrolled and imaged. A total of 19 subjects were able to swallow the capsule. Of those, 9 successfully passed through the pylorus, allowing successful microscopic imaging of the entire duodenum. There were no adverse events in any of the cases. Maximum villous height and width were measured from 3 randomly chosen, representative frames from each Pakistan subject as well as a matching number from US controls. Preliminary results, comparing Pakistani vs US villous morphology, indicated that subjects from Pakistan have shorter (628.6 +/- 22.0 um and 492.3 +/- 13.2 um, respectively, p< 0.0001) and wider duodenal villi (244.9 +/- 8.8 um and 293.4 +/- 13.2 um, respectively, p< 0.0001). These findings suggest that OCT TCE of the duodenum may be a useful tool for evaluating villous morphology in EED.
Lift crisis of a spinning table tennis ball (2016)

The aerodynamic properties of a spinning table tennis ball were investigated using flight experiments. Using high-speed video cameras, the trajectory and rotation of an official ball (Nittaku 3-Star Premium), which was launched by a three rotor machine, were recorded. The drag and lift coefficients (C D and C L) were determined by analysing the video images. The measurements covered the speed and rotation range of typical table tennis shots in the form of the Reynolds number (Re) and dimensionless spin rate (SP), i.e. 3.0 × 104 < Re < 9.0 × 104 and 0 < SP < 1.0, and C D and C L were obtained as functions of Re and SP. We determined that the lift coefficient C L is not a monotonically increasing function of SP. A deep valley of C L was found around SP = 0.5, and the lift force exerted on a spinning ball almost vanished at Re = 9.0 × 104 and 0.48 < SP < 0.5. These results qualitatively agree with the results from recent wind tunnel tests, but quantitative differences owing to the unsteady nature of the flight experiments remain. This anomaly in the lift coefficient should be called the 'lift crisis'.
Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections identified by image cytometry and other parameters for CMV infection (1990)

Thirty-eight renal transplant recipients were followed during the first 3 months after transplantation. Once weekly, cultures of urine and buffy coat for cytomegalovirus (CMV) were taken and an immunocytochemical assay for immediate early antigens of CMV (IEA assay) was performed. Thirty patients had evidence of a CMV infection and 11 had a symptomatic CMV infection. All symptomatic patients had one or more positive urine cultures or a positive IEA assay. However, 15 patients with positive urine cultures and 12 patients with a positive IEA assay lacked any signs of symptomatic CMV disease. Moreover, 6 out of 15 patients with positive buffy coat cultures for CMV did not have symptomatic CMV disease. Using a computerized system to quantify IEA-positive granulocytes, we show that the absolute number of positive cells per million correlates very well with the occurrence of symptomatic CMV disease.
Development and Evaluation of Low-SHF-Band C-RAN Massive MIMO System for 5G (2019)

To achieve capacity enhancement and low power consumption for 5G, we focus on utilizing Massive MIMO with digital beamforming in the low super-high-frequency (SHF) band, which is expected to be used for 5G commercial bands relatively soon. Also we focus on inter access point coordination based on Centralized-RAN (C-RAN) to improve cell edge performance. We introduce a prototype low-SHF-band Centralized-RAN Massive MIMO System and evaluation results.
Methodology to Identify and Analyze Optimal Cable Configurations in the Design of Cable-Driven Serial Manipulators (2013)

The choice of cable placement and routing for a cable-driven serial manipulator has profound effects on the operational workspace of the mechanism. Poor choices in cable attachment can hamper or preclude the ability of the mechanism to perform a desired task, while a clever configuration might allow for an expanded workspace and kinematic redundancies, providing additional capability and flexibility. This paper outlines a methodology to identify and analyze optimal cable configurations for a serial manipulator which maximize operational workspace subject to mechanism design and configuration constraints. This process is first described in general terms for a generic 2-link robot and then applied to an illustrative example of a cable-driven robot leg. The methodology is used to determine the placement and routing of the cables to achieve the desired range of motion, as well as highlight the critical parameters within the cable configuration and identify possible areas of improvement in the overall robot design.
Fluorescence Depth Measurements of Rose Bengal Diffused into Cornea and pHEMA measured by Two-photon Fluorescence Microscopy (2017)

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2017 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Baltimore, MD, May 7-11, 2017.
Scalability of mass transfer in liquid–liquid flow (2014)

We address liquid–liquid mass transfer between immiscible liquids using the system 1-butanol and water, with succinic acid as the mass transfer component. Using this system we evaluate the influence of two-phase flow transitions from Taylor flow to stratified flow and further to dispersed flow at elevated flow rates. In addition, we address the scale-up behavior of mass transfer coefficients and the extraction efficiency by using reactors on the micro- and the milli-scale. Flow imaging enables us to identify the different flow regimes and to connect them to the trends observed in mass transfer, and the obtained results highlight the dependence of mass transfer on flow patterns. Furthermore, the results show that on the milli-scale fluid–structure interactions are driving the phase dispersion and interfacial mass transfer, and such a reactor design ensures straightforward scalability from the micro- to the milli-scale.
Analysis of vicilin (7S)‐class globulin in cocoa cotyledons from various genetic origins (2002)

Abstract Cocoa cotyledons contain vicilin (7S)‐class globulin (VCG), a major storage protein. It is the native source of oligopeptides and free amino acids which have been identified as precursors of cocoa‐specific aroma and are formed through proteolysis during fermentation. High‐resolution electrophoresis of native proteins isolated from ripe, unfermented cocoa cotyledons harvested from different cultivars was used to determine genetic differences of the genotypes. Flavour differences have been reported to exist after standard fermentation in cocoa beans harvested from various genotypes. In this paper, SDS‐PAGE and 2D IEF/SDS‐PAGE polypeptide separation patterns are shown which were separately isolated from cotyledons of various genetic origins. Cotyledons from three cultivars belonging to genetically distant varieties and a hybrid, Criollo, Forastero and Trinitario, did not reveal any analytical identity differences of VCG subunit polypeptide bands. Additionally, proteins of cotyledons harvested from three of those clones which were reported to produce genotype‐specific flavour differences in raw cocoa after standard fermentation, SCA 12, UIT1 and PBC 140, when analysed in the same way, did not indicate differences. Thus the cotyledon storage proteins from various genetically different cocoa trees are, within methodological limits, the same. We conclude that aroma differences in raw cocoa harvested from various genotypes are the result of other genetic, physiological or curing‐related factors, but are not due to genetic differences of aroma precursors derived from storage proteins. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Room-Temperature CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol over Air-Stable hcp-PdMo Intermetallic Catalyst (2023)

CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to methanol is one of the most promising routes to CO<sub>2</sub> utilization. However, difficulty in CO<sub>2</sub> activation at low temperature, catalyst stability, catalyst preparation, and product separation are obstacles to the realization of a practical hydrogenation process under mild conditions. Here, we report a PdMo intermetallic catalyst for low-temperature CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation. This catalyst can be synthesized by the facile ammonolysis of an oxide precursor and exhibits excellent stability in air and the reaction atmosphere and significantly enhances the catalytic activity for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to methanol and CO compared with a Pd catalyst. A turnover frequency of 0.15 h<sup>-1</sup> was achieved for methanol synthesis at 0.9 MPa and 25 °C, which is comparable to or higher than that of the state-of-the-art heterogeneous catalysts under higher-pressure conditions (4-5 MPa).
Novel ethanol production using biomass preprocessing to increase ethanol yield and reduce overall costs (2020)

Abstract Background: Ethanol biorefineries need to lower their overall production costs to become economically feasible. Two strategies to achieve this are to reduce costs by using cheaper feedstocks or to increase the ethanol production yield. Low-cost feedstocks usually have high non-structural components (NSC) content, therefore a new process is necessary to accommodate these feedstocks and overcome the negative effects of NSC. This study developed a novel ethanol biorefinery process including a biomass preprocessing step that enabled the use of lower-cost feedstocks while improving ethanol production without detoxification (overliming). Two types of poplar feedstocks were used, low-quality whole-tree chips (WTC) and high-quality clean pulp chips (CPC), to determine if the proposed process is effective while using feedstocks with different NSC contents. Results: Technical assessment showed that acidic preprocessing increased the monomeric sugar recovery of WTC from 73.2% (untreated) to 87.5% due to reduced buffering capacity of poplar, improved sugar solubilization during pretreatment, and better enzymatic hydrolysis conversion. Preprocessing alone significantly improved the fermentability of the liquid fraction from 1-2% to 49-56% for both feedstocks, while overliming improved it to 45%. Consequently, it was proposed that preprocessing can substitute for the detoxification step. The economic assessment revealed that using poplar WTC via the new process increased annual ethanol production of 10.5 million liters when compared to using CPC via overliming (base case scenario). Also, savings in total operating costs were about $10 million per year when using cheaper poplar WTC instead of CPC, and by using recycled water for preprocessing lowered its total operating costs by 45-fold. Conclusions: The novel process developed in this study was successful in increasing ethanol production while decreasing overall costs, thus facilitating the feasibility of lignocellulosic ethanol biorefineries. Key factors to achieving this outcome included substituting overliming by preprocessing, enabling the use of lower-quality feedstock, increasing monomeric sugar recovery and ethanol fermentation yield, and using recycled water for preprocessing. In addition, preprocessing enabled the implementation of an evaporator-combustor downstream design, resulting in a low-loading waste stream that can be treated in a wastewater treatment plant with a simple configuration.