gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An In situ Analysis of the Dissolution Characteristics of Half Pitch Line and Space Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography Resist Patterns (2013)

The characterization of the resist dissolution is one fundamental area of research that has been continuously investigated. This paper focuses on the preliminary work on the application the high speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM) for the in situ dissolution analysis half-pitch (hp) lines and spaces (L/S) at standard developer concentration. In earlier works, this has been difficult but through extensive optimization and the use of carbon nano fiber-tipped cantilevers, the dissolution characterization of a 32 nm hp L/S pattern at 0.26 N aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide developer (standard developer concentration) was successfully achieved. Based on the results obtained using the EIDEC standard resist (ESR1) it was found that regardless of analysis condition such as resist pattern configuration (isolated or L/S pattern) and developer concentration (diluted or standard), similar dissolution characteristics in the form of resist swelling of exposed areas was observed. Moreover, further investigations using other types of model resist polymer platforms such as poly(hydroxystyrene) (PHS)-based and hybrid (PHS–methacryl)-based model resists have confirmed that dissolution behavior is not affected by the analysis conditions applied.
Recent advances toward a molecular mechanism of efflux pump inhibition (2015)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative pathogens, such as the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, poses a significant threat to our ability to effectively treat infections caused by these organisms. A major component in the development of the MDR phenotype in Gram-negative bacteria is overexpression of Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND)-type efflux pumps, which actively pump antibacterial agents and biocides from the periplasm to the outside of the cell. Consequently, bacterial efflux pumps are an important target for developing novel antibacterial treatments. Potent efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) could be used as adjunctive therapies that would increase the potency of existing antibiotics and decrease the emergence of MDR bacteria. Several potent inhibitors of RND-type efflux pump have been reported in the literature, and at least three of these EPI series were optimized in a pre-clinical development program. However, none of these compounds have been tested in the clinic. One of the major hurdles to the development of EPIs has been the lack of biochemical, computational, and structural methods that could be used to guide rational drug design. Here, we review recent reports that have advanced our understanding of the mechanism of action of several potent EPIs against RND-type pumps.
On the Bandwidth Gap Between the Array-Feed and Cluster-Feed Regimes for Broadband Multifeed Systems (2016)

For reflector antennas with broadband multiple feed systems, under optimal beamforming conditions, the feed operates at low frequencies as a phased array feed (PAF), with multiple elements contributing to a synthesized illumination pattern, whereas at high frequencies, each element forms a single independent beam. There is a frequency range between these two regimes where it is difficult to achieve high aperture efficiency, which limits the ultimate performance of broadband multifeed systems. We show that this bandwidth gap is largely independent of the formed beam angle, number of array elements, array layout, and element radiation patterns. We use simulation and modeling to study the origin and nature of this physical effect, develop an upper bound on the sensitivity bandwidth of a high-efficiency array feed, and consider several possible methods for improving the efficiency of multifeed systems in the bandwidth gap.
Diffusion-weighted MRI as a biomarker for treatment response in glioma (2012)

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a powerful MRI method, which probes abnormalities of tissue structure by detecting microscopic changes in water mobility at a cellular level beyond what is available with other imaging techniques. Accordingly, DWI has the potential to identify pathology before gross anatomic changes are evident on standard anatomical brain images. These features of tissue characterization and earlier detection are what make DWI particularly appealing for the evaluation of gliomas and the newer therapies where standard anatomical imaging is proving insufficient. This article focuses on the basic principles and applications of DWI, and its derived parameter, the apparent diffusion coefficient, for the purposes of diagnosis and evaluation of glioma, especially in the context of monitoring response to therapy.
Defuzzification under Constraints and Forbidden Zones (1994)

Examines the problem of fuzzification in situations in which in addition to the usual fuzzy output of the controller there exists some ancillary restriction on the allowable defuzzified values. Provides two basic approaches to address this problem. In the first approach, enforces the restriction by selecting the defuzzified value through a random experiment in which the values which have non‐zero probabilities are in the allowable region; this method is based on the RAGE defuzzification procedure and makes use of a non‐monotonic conjunction operator. The second approach, which, in the spirit of the commonly used methods, is a kind of expected value, converts the problem to a constraint optimization problem.
RETRACTED: Extracellular HSP27 mediates angiogenesis through Toll‐like receptor 3 (2013)

The heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) is up-regulated in tumor cells and released in their microenvironment. Here, we show that extracellular HSP27 has a proangiogenic effect evidenced on chick chorioallantoic membrane. To explore this effect, we test the recombinant human protein (rhHSP27) at physiopathological doses (0.1-10 μg/ml) onto human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) grown as monolayers or spheroids. When added onto HMECs, rhHSP27 dose-dependently accelerates cell migration (with a peak at 5 μg/ml) and favors spheroid sprouting within 12-24 h. rhHSP27 increases VEGF gene transcription and promotes secretion of VEGF-activating VEGF receptor type 2. Increased VEGF transcription is related to NF-κB activation in 30 min. All of these effects are initiated by rhHSP27 interaction with Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Such an interaction can be detected by immunoprecipitation but does not seem to be direct, as we failed to detect an interaction between rhHSP27 and monomeric TLR3 by SPR analysis. rhHSP27 is rapidly internalized with a pool of TLR3 to the endosomal compartment (within 15-30 min), which is required for NF-κB activation in a cytosolic Ca(2+)-dependent manner. The HSP27/TLR3 interaction induces NF-κB activation, leading to VEGF-mediated cell migration and angiogenesis. Such a pathway provides alternative targets for antiangiogenic cancer therapy.
Improved Fourier series expansion methods for electrocardiography analysis (2015)

In this work, we propose two Fourier series expansion methods (FSEM), one improved from the original FSEM and another a simplified version of the improved FSEM, to significantly enhance the accuracy of solution along with consuming less computation time and to eliminate the Gibbs phenomenon when dealing with electrocardiography (ECG).
Can urinary nerve growth factor be a biomarker for overactive bladder? (2010)

The clinical diagnosis of overactive bladder (OAB) greatly varies and is based on subjective symptoms. A more objective method to diagnose and assess therapeutic outcome in OAB patients, especially for health care providers not trained in urology, needs to be found. Evidence has shown that urinary proteins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and prostaglandin E(2) levels increase in patients with OAB, bladder outlet obstruction, and detrusor overactivity. Urinary NGF level increases physiologically in normal subjects at urge to void, but increases pathologically in OAB patients at a small bladder volume and with a sensation of urgency. Recent studies have shown that patients with OAB dry and OAB wet have significantly higher urinary NGF levels compared with control groups and patients with increased bladder sensation. Urinary NGF levels decrease after antimuscarinic therapy and further decrease after detrusor botulinum toxin injections in refractory OAB. Urinary NGF level could be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of OAB and assessment of the therapeutic effect of antimuscarinic therapy. The latest medical advances in this field are reviewed herein.
The K-Rep System Architecture (1996)

This paper presents an overview of K-Rep&amp;apos;s system architecture, which has been motivated in part by the needs of several applications in the area of clinical information systems [ Mays
The use of tail-anchored protein chimeras to enhance liposomal cargo delivery (2019)

The Cytb5 TA was successfully employed as a membrane anchor for the incorporation of the desired peptide ligands into a liposomal drug delivery system, with minimal loss of cargo during insertion. This approach therefore provides a viable alternative to chemical conjugation and its potential to accommodate a wider range of targeting ligands may provide an opportunity for enhancing drug delivery.
Fe4 Cluster and a Buckled Macrocycle Complex from the Reduction of [(dmgBF2)2Fe(L)2] (L = MeCN, tBuiNC) (2012)

We report the syntheses, X-ray structures, and reductive electrochemistry of the Fe(II) complexes [(dmgBF(2))(2)Fe(MeCN)(2)] (1; dmg = dimethylglyoxime, MeCN = acetonitrile) and [(dmgBF(2))Fe((t)Bu(i)NC)(2)] (2; (t)Bu(i)NC = tert-butylisocyanide). The reaction of 1 with Na/Hg amalgam led to isolation and the X-ray structure of [(dmgBF(2))(2)Fe(glyIm)] (3; glyIm = glyimine), wherein the (dmgBF(2))(2) macrocyclic frame is bent to accommodate the binding of a bidentate apical ligand. We also report the X-ray structure of a rare mixed-valence Fe(4) cluster with supporting dmg-type ligands. In the structure of [(dmg(2)BF(2))(3)Fe(3)((1)/(2)dmg)(3)Fe(O)(6)] (4), the (dmgBF(2))(2) macrocycle has been cleaved, eliminating BF(2) groups. Density functional theory calculations and electron paramagnetic resonance data are in accordance with a central Fe(III) ion surrounded by three formally Fe(II)dmg(2)BF(2) units.
Interannual Variations in Snowmelt Onset and Links to 500 hPa Atmospheric Anomalies over the Arctic (1999)

Interannual variations in the melt onset of snow provide a mechanism to observe climatic fluctuations. Timing of initial ablation is associated with certain poorly defined overlying atmospheric conditions. This paper investigates the spatial and temporal patterns in melt onset dates and associated 500 hPa height anomalies over the Arctic region from 1982 to 1992. Melt onset dates are derived from Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data, while 500 hPa height anomalies are computed from the National Centers for Environmental Protection (NCEP) reanalysis models. Results indicate significant interannual variations in the spatial pattern and timing of melt onset. With the assistance of principal component analysis (PCA) links between the melt onset dates and the 500 hPa height anomaly field are highlighted.
High Speed Frequency-Mapping-Based Associative Memory Using Compact Multi-Bit Encoders and a Path-Selecting Scheme (2012)

A compact multi-bit encoding concept for nearest-distance search-speed improvement of scalable and reliable associative-memories utilizing a mapping operation of the distances into frequency space is reported. The distance differences are transformed into signal delays which are finally detected with a time-domain winner-take-all (WTA) circuit. Ring oscillators programmable in discrete frequency steps are used for the distance–frequency mapping. This implementation enables to decrease the effects of process-induced variations, because the step size is a constraint-free design parameter. To further improve the search reliability, frequency dividers are used to enlarge the size of the frequency steps. The multi-bit encoder achieves a substantial search-time reduction by optimizing the basic-ring oscillator delay for distance zero with a path-selecting scheme. The proposed multi-bit encoding concept has been evaluated with two test-chip designs in 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Search-time reductions by a factor 1.7 in typical search cases and a compact circuit implementation are verified.
High-Capacity MCF Transmission with Wideband Comb (2017)

We describe experiments combining high core-count, homogeneous single-mode multi-core fibers with a wideband comb for high-capacity transmission without high-order MIMO reception and demonstrate wideband transmission with coded modulation up to 12,300 km.
BGP Link-State Extensions for BGP-only Fabric (2020)

BGP is used as the only routing protocol in some networks today. In
such networks, it is useful to get a detailed view of the nodes and
underlying links in the topology along with their attributes similar
to one available when using link state routing protocols. Such a view
of a BGP-only fabric enables use cases like traffic engineering and
forwarding of services along paths other than the BGP best path
selection. This document defines extensions to the BGP Link-state
address-family (BGP-LS) and the procedures for advertisement of the
topology in a BGP-only network. It also describes a specific use-case
for traffic engineering based on Segment Routing.
Photoinduced change of dielectric permittivity in molecular doped polymer layer (2009)

We demonstrate a large photoinduced change of dielectric permittivity due to the charge separated (CS) state of an electron donor-acceptor linked molecule, 6-[4′-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl]-3-ethoxycarbonylcoumarin (DPA–CM), doped in a polymethylmethacryrate (PMMA) matrix. Dielectric permittivity of DPA–CM in PMMA film increases from 4.1 to 7.5 under photoirradiation. Electron spin resonance spectra of the films measured under photoirradiation clearly show the formation of the CS state of DPA–CM in PMMA matrix. The origin of the photoinduced change of the dielectric permittivity is ascribed to the realignment of dipole of the CS state of DPA–CM.
Supplementary Figure 5 from MTL-CEBPA, a Small Activating RNA Therapeutic Upregulating C/EBP-α, in Patients with Advanced Liver Cancer: A First-in-Human, Multicenter, Open-Label, Phase I Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Showing complete radiological response of lung metastases&lt;/p&gt;
THE CLEAR ROADSIDE CONCEPT - A PERSPECTIVE (1981)

The objective of the clear-roadside concept is to reduce property damage, injuries, and deaths that result from vehicles running off the road. To accomplish this, to the extent that it is reasonable and financially acceptable, a clear zone is provided beyond the edge of the roadway where an errant vehicle can be safely brought under control. This paper discusses some of the early research data upon which the concept is founded. Also discussed are current trends in the application of the concept. The American Association of State Highway Officials' (AASHTO) Guide for Selecting, Locating, and Designing Traffic Barriers is cited as a source of information on the application of the concept. Some specific examples of roadside hazards that need to be removed or treated to make the roadside safer, such as trees, utility poles, steep side slopes, etc., are mentioned and a short bibliography on the subject is included. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 860861.
New Laser Ablation Method for Non-Destructive Backside Sample Preparation (2000)

Abstract A new ultra-short pulse laser ablation based backside sample preparation method has been developed. This technique is contact-less, non-thermal, precise, repetitive and adapted to each type of material present in IC packages. Backside preparation examples are presented on a conventional DIL plastic package, on a TSOP plastic package with an oversized silicon die, on a DIL ceramic package and on a CCD device. Feasibility of silicon thinning using laser ablation is also discussed.
A Boronic Ester Annulation Strategy for Diversity-Oriented Organic Synthesis (2002)

In nur ein bis vier Schritten lassen sich komplexe Strukturen mit Ringen, Stereozentren und ungesättigten Einheiten aufbauen. Dies gelingt durch eine neue Anellierung ungesättigter Boronsäuremonoester mit Allyl- oder Propargylalkoholen (siehe Schema).
Localization-induced inhomogeneous screening of internal electric fields in AlGaN-based quantum wells (2007)

The influence of both localization and internal electric field on the microscopic photoluminescence (PL) properties of AlGaN-based quantum wells (QWs) has been studied by means of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). SNOM-PL images of three QWs with different well-layer thicknesses were measured under an illumination-collection mode. A correlation was observed between the PL intensity and the PL peak wavelength: a shorter-PL wavelength indicates a stronger intensity for a wider QW. The correlation is caused by an inhomogeneous screening of the internal electric field.
Ground glass and fibrotic change in children with surfactant protein C dysfunction mutations (2021)

We describe 11 children with SFTPC dysfunction mutations. Increases in forced vital capacity over time suggest that these children experience lung growth and that therapeutic intervention may maximize lung growth. Ground glass opacities are the primary early imaging findings while fibrotic features dominate later. CT findings suggest the development of and increases in fibrotic features that may serve as potential biomarkers for antifibrotic therapeutic trials.
Determination of Left Ventricular Function by Emergency Physician Echocardiography of Hypotensive Patients (2002)

Emergency physicians with focused training in echocardiography can accurately determine LVF in hypotensive patients.
Manufacturing and Construction, Operation of Karita PFBC 360 MW Unit (2003)

Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycle Power Generation, namely, PFBC is the clean coal technology, utilizing gas turbine and steam turbine, which is high efficient and friendly to earth. In early 90’s, 70 MW class PFBCs had started demonstration and commercial operation all over the world. Kyushu Electric Power Company (KyEPCO) decided to apply this technology as the real commercial unit, the world largest capacity 360MW, and put into commercial operation in July 2001. To apply PFBC to the large-scale commercial plant, it is essential to demonstrate the higher efficiency than any other conventional coal firing units. In order to achieve this, the gas turbine with higher operation pressure and advanced supercritical steam condition for steam turbine were applied. The reduction by size and weight of the equipment is the vital must to realize large scale PFBC, as 360MW unit. To reduce the pressure vessel size, the unique design of hexagon furnace was applied to install it efficiently in smaller vessel. The plant has started commercial operation in July 2001 and has well demonstrated PFBC’s technology advantages as planned. It achieved the efficiency, 41.8% as net value based on HHV, which is the highest level among existing coal fired power plants. It also verifies smooth operation, 3%L/min of Load following capability, 3 hours of hot start-up, that is comparable to conventional pulverized coal fired unit.
First-Principles-Based Development of Kinetic Mechanisms in Chemically Active Light-Emitting Nonthermal Plasmas and Gases (2007)

Recent progress in several related research areas such as first‐principles electronic‐structure calculations of atoms and diatomic molecules, theory of elementary processes, kinetics, and numerical engineering, and also continued exponential growth in computational resources enhanced by recent advances in massively parallel computing have opened the possibility of directly designing kinetics mechanisms to describe chemical processes and light emission in such complex media as nonequilibrium plasmas and reacting gases. It is important that plasma and combustion kinetics can be described in the framework of this direct approach to a sufficiently high accuracy, which makes it an independent predictive research tool complementary to experimental techniques. This paper demonstrates the capabilities of the first‐principles based approach to develop kinetic mechanisms. Two examples are discussed in detail: (1) the mechanism of hydrocarbon fuel combustion at high temperatures and (2) light emission in non‐thermal glow discharge plasma of metal halides; special attention is paid to a comparison of the results obtained at every level of system description with the appropriate experimental data. In house software tools that can be used in such multilevel theoretical works are discussed as well.
MIP-1&#945; and MCP-1 Induce Migration of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells in Models of Stroke (2008)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1alpha) are implicated in monocyte infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) under pathological conditions. We previously showed that in vivo human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCB) migrate toward brain injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We hypothesized that MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha may participate in the recruitment of HUCB towards the injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and 24 hours later the production of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha in the brain was examined with immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and western blotting. The chemotactic effect of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha, and the expression of MCP-1 receptor CCR2 and MIP-1alpha receptor CCR1, CCR5 on the surface of HUCB were also examined. MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha expression were significantly increased in the ischemic hemisphere of brain, and significantly promoted HUCB cell migration compared to the contralateral side. This cell migration was neutralized with polyclonal antibodies against MCP-1 or MIP-1alpha. Also chemokine receptors were constitutively expressed on the surface of HUCB cells. The data suggested that the increased chemokines in the ischemic area can bind cell surface receptors on HUCB, and induce cell infiltration of systemically delivered HUCB cells into the CNS in vivo.