gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyber Mobility Mirror: A Deep Learning-Based Real-World Object Perception Platform Using Roadside LiDAR (2023)

Object perception plays a fundamental role in Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) which is regarded as a revolutionary promoter for next-generation transportation systems. However, the vehicle-based perception may suffer from the limited sensing range and occlusion as well as low penetration rates in connectivity. In this paper, we propose Cyber Mobility Mirror (CMM), a next-generation real-world object perception system for 3D object detection, tracking, localization, and reconstruction, to explore the potential of roadside sensors for enabling CDA in the real world. The CMM system consists of six main components: i) the data pre-processor to retrieve and preprocess the raw data; ii) the roadside 3D object detector to generate 3D detection results; iii) the multi-object tracker to identify detected objects; iv) the global locator to generate geo-localization information; v) the mobile-edge-cloud-based communicator to transmit perception information to equipped vehicles, and vi) the onboard advisor to reconstruct and display the real-time traffic conditions. An automatic perception evaluation approach is proposed to support the assessment of data-driven models without human-labeling requirements and a CMM field-operational system is deployed at a real-world intersection to assess the performance of the CMM. Results from field tests demonstrate that our CMM prototype system can achieve 96.99% precision and 83.62% recall for detection and 73.55% ID-recall for tracking. High-fidelity real-time traffic conditions (at the object level) can be geo-localized with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.69m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.33m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for lateral and longitudinal direction, respectively, and displayed on the GUI of the equipped vehicle with a frequency of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3-4 Hz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> .
Immune profile and survival outcomes in stage 2 colon cancer. (2016)

3576 Background: Tumor associated immune response impacts outcomes in cancer. In colon cancer (CC), a good immune response, as represented by a dense lymphocytic infiltrate, is known to be associated with improved overall survival (OS). To date studies have used a subjective scoring system and improved OS has been presumed to solely be the consequence of reduced cancer recurrence. The relationship with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) status, a good prognostic marker that is typically associated with an immune infiltrate, remains unexplored. We examined an objectively determined Immune Profile (IP) and survival outcomes in stage 2 CC. Methods: Stage 2 CC cases were identified from a hospital registry that prospectively records comprehensive point of care data, including recurrence free survival (RFS) and OS. MMR status was determined by immunohistochemistry. The density of CD3 and CD8 T-cells within each tumor was assessed by immunostaining and automated image analysis. A pattern recognition algorithm scored CD3 and CD8 density at the tumor core (TC) and invasive margin (IM). Raw scores for each region (CD3TC , CD3IM , CD8TC and CD8IM ) were added and categorised as IP High or IP Low. Survival analyses used the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. Results: We included 463 subjects with stage II CC, median age 70.4 years, with median follow-up 57.7 months. 93 (16.5%) tumors were dMMR. 220 (47.5%) tumors were categorised as IP High. IP High was associated with improved survival outcomes compared to IP Low, including RFS (HR 0.25, p < 0.001), post-recurrence survival (HR 0.20, p < 0.001), cancer-specific survival (HR 0.08, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 0.10, p < 0.001). The improved RFS for IP high cases was independent of MMR status (dMMR: HR 0.10, p = 0.03; pMMR: HR 0.27, p< 0.001). In patients without recurrence IP High was associated with reduced non-cancer mortality (HR 0.10, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Using an automated and objective measure, we have confirmed that immune infiltration is strongly associated with improved RFS and OS outcomes in stage II CC, independent of MMR status. We have also shown that a good immune response (IP High) is associated with post recurrence survival (where cancer recurs), and with reduced non-cancer mortality in patients that remain recurrence free.
Prognostic factors for lymphomas (2001)

The prognosis for lymphoma patients has improved markedly with the introduction of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Treatment strategies based upon intensified chemotherapy have also demonstrated improved survival of patients with relapsed lymphoma. It is necessary, however, to define the populations with adverse prognostic factors in order to justify such a strategy. Consequently prognostic indices have been developed from the results of clinical trials to define therapeutic strategies. Such prognostic indices have usually been based on retrospective studies, which have certain methodological problems in the new monoclonal antibody era. The recent development of technologies analyzing gene expression profiling also gives us new tools for a more accurate diagnosis with prognostic implications, using biological prognostic factors based upon lymphoma-specific risk factors. Technologies such as positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) should also improve assessment of tumor response and introduce new prognostic factors.
1048 Effect of Macroscopic Casting Defects on Fatigue Life of Aluminum Alloy Die Castings (2008)

Aluminum alloy die casting products are extensively used in the industries of vehicle from the advantage of lightweight, near-net shaping and high productivity rate. However, disadvantages of such die castings are the presence of casting defects and the reduction of fatigue strength properties by the defects. In this study, observation of casting defects by X-ray CT and fatigue tests of ADC12 aluminum alloy die casting under tension-compression axial loading were carried out and the relationships between stress amplitude and fatigue life was derived. The fatigue life of ADC12 was greatly influenced by the situation and the amount of casting defects. However, the presence of casting skin did not affect the fatigue life and the inner large pores were not the source of fatigue crack.
Interaction of Hot Electron Plasma with Solids at the Gol-3 Facility (1999)

The GOL-3-II facility was used for the investigation of the interaction of a high-power plasma stream with solids. The experiments allowed the study of the properties of the dense plasma formed in front of materials under action of the fast electrons flowing out the open trap. Target plasma from entrance foil with density 1016cm−3 has the expansion velocity 2–4 106 cm/c. Explosive-like erosion of the exit graphite receiver was been observed. Formation of a dust cloud is a feature of this phenomenon. Properties of the dusty particles are discussed.
The R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score: A Comprehensive Standardized System for Quantitating Renal Tumor Size, Location and Depth (2009)

Standardized reporting of renal tumor size, location and depth is essential for decision making and effective comparisons. The R.E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score is a reproducible standardized classification system that quantitates the salient anatomy of renal masses. This novel approach for the systematic characterization of renal tumors provides a tool for meaningful comparisons of renal masses in clinical practice and in the urological literature.
Scanner qualification with IntenCD based reticle error correction (2010)

Scanner introduction into the fab production environment is a challenging task. An efficient evaluation of scanner performance matrices during factory acceptance test (FAT) and later on during site acceptance test (SAT) is crucial for minimizing the cycle time for pre and post production-start activities. If done effectively, the matrices of base line performance established during the SAT are used as a reference for scanner performance and fleet matching monitoring and maintenance in the fab environment. Key elements which can influence the cycle time of the SAT, FAT and maintenance cycles are the imaging, process and mask characterizations involved with those cycles. Discrete mask measurement techniques are currently in use to create across-mask CDU maps. By subtracting these maps from their final wafer measurement CDU map counterparts, it is possible to assess the real scanner induced printed errors within certain limitations. The current discrete measurement methods are time consuming and some techniques also overlook mask based effects other than line width variations, such as transmission and phase variations, all of which influence the final printed CD variability. Applied Materials Aera2<sup>TM</sup> mask inspection tool with IntenCD<sup>TM</sup> technology can scan the mask at high speed, offer full mask coverage and accurate assessment of all masks induced source of errors simultaneously, making it beneficial for scanner qualifications and performance monitoring. In this paper we report on a study that was done to improve a scanner introduction and qualification process using the IntenCD application to map the mask induced CD non uniformity. We will present the results of six scanners in production and discuss the benefits of the new method.
Endophyte-Promoted Phosphorus Solubilization in Populus (2020)

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, but it may be relatively unavailable to plants because of its chemistry. In soil, the majority of phosphorus is present in the form of a phosphate, usually as metal complexes making it bound to minerals or organic matter. Therefore, inorganic phosphate solubilization is an important process of plant growth promotion by plant associated bacteria and fungi. Non-nodulating plant species have been shown to thrive in low-nutrient environments, in some instances by relying on plant associated microorganisms called endophytes. These microorganisms live within the plant and help supply nutrients for the plant. Despite their potential enormous environmental importance, there are a limited number of studies looking at the direct molecular impact of phosphate solubilizing endophytic bacteria on the host plant. In this work, we studied the impact of two endophyte strains of wild poplar (<i>Populus trichocarpa</i>) that solubilize phosphate. Using a combination of x-ray imaging, spectroscopy methods, and proteomics, we report direct evidence of endophyte-promoted phosphorus uptake in poplar. We found that the solubilized phosphate may react and become insoluble once inside plant tissue, suggesting that endophytes may aid in the re-release of phosphate. Using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy, we visualized the nutrient phosphorus inside poplar roots inoculated by the selected endophytes and found the phosphorus in both forms of organic and inorganic phosphates inside the root. Tomography-based root imaging revealed a markedly different root biomass and root architecture for poplar samples inoculated with the phosphate solubilizing bacteria strains. Proteomics characterization on poplar roots coupled with protein network analysis revealed novel proteins and metabolic pathways with possible involvement in endophyte enriched phosphorus uptake. These findings suggest an important role of endophytes for phosphorus acquisition and provide a deeper understanding of the critical symbiotic associations between poplar and the endophytic bacteria.
Leveraging Wi-Fi 6 and MPTCP for Efficient and Reliable Real-Time Video Streaming in Safe Port Monitoring (2023)

Continuous and reliable unlicensed wireless con-nectivity solutions could play a fundamental role in the next generation of ports. To provide secure and reliable video moni-toring, Automated Rubber- Tyred Gantry cranes (AutoRTGs) rely on wired cable reel connections. By adopting 5G technology, smart ports can eliminate the need for fixed wired connections in favour of low-latency wireless communication, allowing effective communication and control. However, occasionally it is better to leverage complementary wireless technologies to carry resource-intensive traffic like large amounts of video data in uplink (UL). As a result, Wi-Fi is being considered as a potential solution. Wireless networks are widely utilized for their quick installation and simplicity. However, the presence of multiple unlicensed Wireless Access Networks could impact the wireless connection performance due to the possibility of channel interference. This paper studies how the utilization of a Multipath Trans-mission Control Protocol (MPTCP) wireless system can serve as an alternative to a fixed fiber cable reel. To minimize the latency, we propose the simultaneous use of two Wi-Fi 6 networks and MPTCP's redundant scheduler to send video streams from the crane to a remote control center (RCC) desk. We compare different wired and wireless topology alternatives to assess the most reliable network configuration when the AutoRTG is in operation. Thus, we evaluate each topology with dynamic quality of service (QoS) measurements. We find that duplicating packets with MPTCP over two Wi-Fi 6 networks allows for stable and reliable low-latency video streaming, even in instances where one of the networks experiences sudden high delay peaks. Finally, we discuss how the utilization of Wi-Fi and MPTCP can be a choice to support and complement 5G in situations with heavy uplink traffic.
Interleukin-11-expressing fibroblasts have a unique gene signature correlated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (2021)

Interleukin (IL)-11 is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines and is involved in multiple cellular responses, including tumor development. However, the origin and functions of IL-11-producing (IL-11<sup>+</sup>) cells are not fully understood. To characterize IL-11<sup>+</sup> cells in vivo, we generate Il11 reporter mice. IL-11<sup>+</sup> cells appear in the colon in murine tumor and acute colitis models. Il11ra1 or Il11 deletion attenuates the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. IL-11<sup>+</sup> cells express fibroblast markers and genes associated with cell proliferation and tissue repair. IL-11 induces the activation of colonic fibroblasts and epithelial cells through phosphorylation of STAT3. Human cancer database analysis reveals that the expression of genes enriched in IL-11<sup>+</sup> fibroblasts is elevated in human colorectal cancer and correlated with reduced recurrence-free survival. IL-11<sup>+</sup> fibroblasts activate both tumor cells and fibroblasts via secretion of IL-11, thereby constituting a feed-forward loop between tumor cells and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment.
Inferring global levels of alternative splicing isoforms using a generative model of microarray data (2006)

http://www.psi.toronto.edu/GenASAP.
Superoxide Dismutase B Gene (sodB)-Deficient Mutants ofFrancisella tularensisDemonstrate Hypersensitivity to Oxidative Stress and Attenuated Virulence (2006)

A Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain mutant (sodB(Ft)) with reduced Fe-superoxide dismutase gene expression was generated and found to exhibit decreased sodB activity and increased sensitivity to redox cycling compounds compared to wild-type bacteria. The sodB(Ft) mutant also was significantly attenuated for virulence in mice. Thus, this study has identified sodB as an important F. tularensis virulence factor.
Inhomogenous Dielectric Metamaterials with Space-Variant Polarizability (2007)

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time the focusing of optical beams within an inhomogeneous dielectric metamaterial with space-variant polarizability, implemented by etching subwavelength structures into a Silicon slab. Light focusing is obtained by creating an artificial slab material with graded refractive index profile. The local refractive index within the slab is modulated by controlling the duty cycle of the subwavelength structures. The demonstrated metamaterial based component can be integrated with various other building blocks towards the realization of devices and systems in free space optics on a chip configuration.
Stochastic Decoding of Linear Block Codes With High-Density Parity-Check Matrices (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This correspondence extends the application of the recently proposed stochastic decoding approach to decode linear block codes with high-density parity-check matrices and discusses its hardware complexity. Results demonstrate decoding performance close to floating-point iterative soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoding while offering nodes with considerably lower complexity compared to fixed-point SISO decoding. </para>
Antibody to Surfadant Protein A Increases Sensitivi9' of Pulmonary Surfactant to Inadivatlon by Fibrinogen in vivo (1996)

It has been suggested that surfactant protein-A (SP-A)protects surfactant activity from inhibitors such as fibrinogen. Substantial evidence indicates that inhibition of surfactant activity is often important in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory failure. Studies on surfactant function in the pulsating bubble surfactometer imply that SP-Ahelps to maintain low surface tension in the presence of inhibitors such as fibrinogen. We tested whether SP-Aacts in this way in vivo. Rabbit pups, 29 d gestational age, were treated with a monoclonal antibody to rabbit SP-A (RS) followed by fibrinogen, or with control prepa­ rations (normallgG and saline, respectively). Lungcompliance was measured during ventilation through­ out these experiments. Air-space volume and pulmonary edema were quantitated morphometrically. Animals receiving anti-SP-A antibody + fibrinogen showed substantial and significant impairment in lung compliance compared with controllittermates receiving normallgG and/or saline. Lungs from these animals showed decreased pulmonary air-space volume and increased alveolar edema. We con­ clude that SP-A protects pulmonary surfactant from inhibition by fibrinogen in vivo. This protective activity may be important in the pathogenesis of both adult and neonatal respiratory distress syndromes, and it may also be useful in devising therapies for these diseases. Strayer DS, Herting E, Sun B, Robert­ son B. Antibody to surfactant protein A Increases sensitivity of pulmonary surfactant to Inacti­ vation by fibrinogen In vivo. AM J RESPIR CRIT CARE MED 1996;153:1116-22.
Packaged Mode Multiplexer based on Silicon Photonics (2012)

Test results of a packaged silicon photonics based mode multiplexer are presented. A structure with four chirped grating couplers can support all 6 channels in a two-mode fiber and excite LP01 and LP11 modes selectively.
Neuronal selenoprotein expression is required for interneuron development and prevents seizures and neurodegeneration (2009)

Cerebral selenium (Se) deficiency is associated with neurological phenotypes including seizures and ataxia. We wanted to define whether neurons require selenoprotein expression and which selenoproteins are most important, and explore the possible pathomechanism. Therefore, we abrogated the expression of all selenoproteins in neurons by genetic inactivation of the tRNA[Ser](Sec) gene. Cerebral expression of selenoproteins was significantly diminished in the mutants, and histological analysis revealed progressive neurodegeneration. Developing interneurons failed to specifically express parvalbumin (PV) in the mutants. Electrophysiological recordings, before overt cell death, showed normal excitatory transmission, but revealed spontaneous epileptiform activity consistent with seizures in the mutants. In developing cortical neuron cultures, the number of PV(+) neurons was reduced on combined Se and vitamin E deprivation, while other markers, such as calretinin (CR) and GAD67, remained unaffected. Because of the synergism between Se and vitamin E, we analyzed mice lacking neuronal expression of the Se-dependent enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4). Although the number of CR(+) interneurons remained normal in Gpx4-mutant mice, the number of PV(+) interneurons was reduced. Since these mice similarly exhibit seizures and ataxia, we conclude that GPx4 is a selenoenzyme modulating interneuron function and PV expression. Cerebral SE deficiency may thus act via reduced GPx4 expression.-Wirth, E. K., Conrad, M., Winterer, J., Wozny, C., Carlson, B. A., Roth, S., Schmitz, D., Bornkamm, G. W., Coppola, V., Tessarollo, L., Schomburg, L., Köhrle, J., Hatfield, D. L., Schweizer, U. Neuronal selenoprotein expression is required for interneuron development and prevents seizures and neurodegeneration.
Magnetic properties of Fe deposited into anodic aluminum oxide pores as a function of particle size (1991)

A combination of magnetic and electron microscopic measurements on iron deposited in chemically widened anodic aluminum oxide films has allowed us to relate the coercivity of these materials to the dimensions of the metal particles. The coercivity is found to be highly anisotropic and to depend on the aspect ratio of the metallic particles. The functional dependence of Hc on the aspect ratio fits the expression reported by Jacobs and Bean [Phys. Rev. 100, 1060 (1955)] for magnetization reversal by symmetric fanning. This is likely due to the fact that in our unannealed samples the metal deposit consists of a cylindrical assembly of fused single-domain particles. Pore widening by chemical dissolution of the anodic oxide is found to depend quadratically on the time that the sample is soaked in the acid bath.
Tissue clearing techniques for three‐dimensional optical imaging of intact human prostate and correlations with multi‐parametric MRI (2021)

3D imaging of human prostate volumes following tissue clearing is a feasible technique for quantitative radiology-pathology correlation analysis with mpMRI and provides an opportunity to explore functional relationships between cellular structures and cross-sectional clinical imaging.
Future Radio Access 10 Years Later: Technical Requirements and Challenges (2011)

近年，スマートフォンのような高機能端末が一般層へ普及してきたことを起爆剤として，動画配信等のブロードバンドサービスを中心に無線ネットワークにおけるデータトラヒックが爆発的に増大している．本稿では，そのような背景の下，10年後の未来に向けて飛躍的な無線ネットワークの大容量化を実現する次世代の無線アクセス (将来無線アクセス) の要求条件を示すとともに，それを達成するための技術課題について，3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) で標準化が行われているLTE (Long Term Evolution) 及びLTE-Advancedの技術動向を考慮しつつ考察する．