gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ionic-gelling alginate drink attenuates postprandial glycaemia in males (2011)

Obese individuals are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared to their healthy weight counterparts. Dietary fibre, such as alginate, could attenuate glycaemic disturbances associated with obesity when included in the diet. Forty self-reported, healthy males completed this randomised, single-blinded, controlled, parallel trial to determine the glycaemic response to a controlled test-lunch of mixed composition following an ionic-gelling alginate preload drink compared to an acidic-gelling control. Individual baseline area under the curve was 52% lower (p = 0.010) and peak glycaemia was 14% lower (p < 0.0005) after the ionic-gelling alginate drink compared with the control. Body fatness was a predictor of postprandial glycaemia, however there was no interaction effect between body fat % and treatment type. We have shown ionic-gelling alginate can attenuate glycaemic response to a homogenous fixed load lunch. Functional foods that include ionic-gelling alginates may benefit those with elevated postprandial blood glucose.
Real-time decoding of bladder pressure from pelvic nerve activity (2017)

Real time algorithms for decoding physiological signals from peripheral nerve recordings form an important component of closed loop bioelectronic medicine (electroceutical) systems. As a feasibility demonstration, we considered the problem of decoding bladder pressure from pelvic nerve electroneurograms. We extracted power spectral density of the nerve signal across a band optimised for Shannon Mutual Information, followed by linearization via piece-wise linear regression, and finally decoded signal reconstruction through optimal linear filtering. We demonstrate robust and effective reconstruction of bladder pressure, both prior to and following pharmacological manipulation.
Inorganically Functionalized PbS–CdS Colloidal Nanocrystals: Integration into Amorphous Chalcogenide Glass and Luminescent Properties (2012)

Inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with bright, stable, and wavelength-tunable luminescence are very promising emitters for various photonic and optoelectronic applications. Recently developed strategies for inorganic surface capping of colloidal NCs using metal chalcogenide complexes have opened new perspectives for their applications. Here we report an all-inorganic surface functionalization of highly luminescent IR-emitting PbS-CdS NCs and studies of their luminescence properties. We show that inorganic capping allows simple low-temperature encapsulation of inorganic NCs into a solution-cast IR-transparent amorphous As(2)S(3) matrix. The resulting all-inorganic thin films feature stable IR luminescence in the telecommunication wavelength region. The high optical dielectric constant of As(2)S(3) also helps reduce the dielectric screening of the radiating field inside the quantum dot, enabling fast radiative recombination in PbS-CdS NCs.
One-Pot Chemoenzymatic Cascade Polymerization under Kinetic Resolution Conditions (2004)

A novel concept for the metal-free synthesis of block copolymers combining enzymatic ring-opening polymerization and nitroxide-mediated living free-radical polymerization from a bifunctional initiator is presented. Block copolymers comprising a poly(styrene) and poly(caprolactone) block were obtained in two consecutive polymerization steps (macroinitiation) and in a one-pot cascade approach without intermediate transformation or work up step. By optimization of the reaction conditions a high selectivity of both transformations could be realized in the cascade polymerization, resulting in high block copolymer yields. The same concept was successfully applied to enzymatic resolution polymerization of racemic 4-methyl-ε-caprolactone combined with the living free-radical polymerization of styrene yielding block copolymers with high enantiomeric excess in the 4-methyl-ε-caprolactone block.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF THE PICTET‐SPENGLER REACTION IN APROTIC MEDIA: SYNTHESIS OF THE β‐GALACTOSIDASE INHIBITOR, PYRIDINDOLOL (1979)

Abstract Die Pictet‐Spengler‐Kondensation aus Tryptophan‐ Analoga und Aldehyden wird systematisch untersucht.
Process Monitoring and Estimation of Material Properties of Additively Manufactured Components Using Model-Based Inversion of Process Compensated Resonance Testing Data (2022)

Abstract Certification of additively manufactured (AM) parts and qualification of AM processes, suppliers, and machines for aerospace applications involve significant mechanical testing, cost, and time. The AM community requires capabilities for fast, affordable, and effective certification and qualification. These capabilities include rapid component and model validation, characterization of process and geometry impact on material properties, build and process monitoring, and effective nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) uses the resonance frequencies of a component to rapidly detect defective parts, monitor build and processes and post-processing, characterize material properties, and can be used as a basis for model validation. This study examines the use of PCRT model-based inversion to nondestructively determine the material properties of as-built titanium AM components. Over 100 samples were printed with intentional variations in build parameters, with the intention to produce generic “acceptable” and “unacceptable” components. PCRT modeling tools were then used to train the inversion code algorithms. The model-based inversion estimated the elastic properties of the as-built parts as well as a residual fit error, identifying several components with outlying properties. Parts were then mechanically tested, and the outliers were confirmed. As PCRT model-inversion is a powerful NDE method, several examples are described showing how inversion results can augment traditional AM inspection techniques.
Differential effects of mitomycin C and doxorubicin on P-glycoprotein expression (2001)

Previous studies have demonstrated that mitomycin C (MMC) and other DNA cross-linking agents can suppress MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) gene expression and subsequent functional P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression, whereas doxorubicin and other anthracyclines increase MDR1 gene expression. In the present study, with stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney C7 epithelial cells expressing a human Pgp tagged with green fluorescent protein under the proximal human MDR1 gene promoter, we demonstrated that MMC and doxorubicin have differential effects on Pgp expression and function. Doxorubicin caused a progressive increase in the cell-surface expression of Pgp and function. In contrast, MMC initially increased plasma membrane expression and function at a time when total cellular Pgp was constant and Pgp mRNA expression had been shown to be suppressed. This was followed by a rapid and sustained decrease in cell-surface expression at later times, presumably as a consequence of the initial decrease in mRNA expression. These studies imply that there are at least two independent chemosensitive steps that can alter Pgp biogenesis: one at the level of mRNA transcription and the other at the level of Pgp trafficking. Understanding the combined consequences of these two mechanisms might lead to novel chemotherapeutic approaches to overcoming drug resistance in human cancers by altering either Pgp mRNA expression or trafficking to the membrane.
Risk factors for ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a tertiary hospital in central Nepal (2017)

Background &amp; Objectives: Coronary artery disease is the common cardiac disease in Nepal. The objective of the study is to explore different risk factors for coronary artery disease.Materials &amp; Methods: This was cross sectional hospital based study studying the baseline clinical and angiographic characters in ST Myocardial infarction who had Primary Percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in College of Medical Science Teaching Hospital (CMSTH).Results: There were 95 cases with male 77 (82.1%) and female 18 (17.9%). The mean age overall was 60.05 ± 12.2. The mean age of male was 59.9 ± 12.5 and of female was 60.5 ± 11.2 years. Apart from chest pain, common clinical symptoms were sweating in 60 (63.2%) cases, dyspnea in 41 (43.2%), nausea/vomiting in 38 (40%), dizziness in 17 (17.9%) and epigastric pain in nine (9.5%) cases. Common risk factors were smoking in 83 (87.7%) cases, hypertension 59 in (51.6 %), diabetes in 24 (25.3%), dyslipidemia in 24 (25.3%) and family history in six (6.3%) cases. Common angiographic variables were single vessel disease (SVD) in 45 (47.4%), double vessel disease (DVD) in 20 (21.1%) and triple vessel disease (TVD) in 30 (31.6%) cases. Infarct related artery were Right coronary artery (RCA) in 43 (45.3%), Left circumflex artery (LCx) in seven (7.4 %) and Left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 45 (47.4 %) cases.Conclusion: Patients visiting CMSTH had classical symptoms and risk factors of myocardial infarction. Single vessel disease and Left anterior descending infarction was the most common vessel involved.
A Widely Linear Distortionless Filter for Single-Channel Noise Reduction (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Traditionally in the single-channel noise-reduction problem, speech distortion is inevitable since the desired signal is also filtered while filtering the noise. In fact, the more the noise is reduced, the more the speech distortion is added into the desired signal, as proved in the literature. So, if we require no speech distortion, we either end up with no noise reduction at all or have to use multiple sensors. In this paper, we attempt to apply the widely linear (WL) estimation theory to noise reduction. Unlike the traditional approaches that only filter the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of the noisy signal, the method developed in this paper applies the noise-reduction filter to both the STFT of the noisy signal and its conjugate. With the constraint of no speech distortion, a WL distortionless filter is derived. We show that this new optimal filter can fully take advantage of the noncircularity property of speech signals to achieve up to 3-dB signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) improvement without introducing any speech distortion, which can only be obtained with the traditional approaches if two or more microphones are used. </para>
Targeted estimation and inference for the sample average treatment effect in trials with and without pair‐matching (2016)

In cluster randomized trials, the study units usually are not a simple random sample from some clearly defined target population. Instead, the target population tends to be hypothetical or ill-defined, and the selection of study units tends to be systematic, driven by logistical and practical considerations. As a result, the population average treatment effect (PATE) may be neither well defined nor easily interpretable. In contrast, the sample average treatment effect (SATE) is the mean difference in the counterfactual outcomes for the study units. The sample parameter is easily interpretable and arguably the most relevant when the study units are not sampled from some specific super-population of interest. Furthermore, in most settings, the sample parameter will be estimated more efficiently than the population parameter. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to propose using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) for estimation and inference of the sample effect in trials with and without pair-matching. We study the asymptotic and finite sample properties of the TMLE for the sample effect and provide a conservative variance estimator. Finite sample simulations illustrate the potential gains in precision and power from selecting the sample effect as the target of inference. This work is motivated by the Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health (SEARCH) study, a pair-matched, community randomized trial to estimate the effect of population-based HIV testing and streamlined ART on the 5-year cumulative HIV incidence (NCT01864603). The proposed methodology will be used in the primary analysis for the SEARCH trial. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of a three-dimensional microtriode by nanolithography with electron-beam induced deposition (2002)

Electron-beam induced deposition is employed to build three-dimensional nanostructures like supertips for electron field emitters and microtubes. This is a novel technique rendering supertips with 15 nm tip radius and 50 nm length with 7.2 degree emission angle. This is a 25 fold increase in brightness if compared to conventional tungsten field emitters. Miniaturised microtubes are constructed under computer control with a cathode to anode separation of less than 700 nm and a cathode-grid capacitor in the fF range. Tubes with 5 parallel cathodes can have an estimated transconductance of 50 /spl mu/Siemens and can be switched with 30000 electrons at 5 V in the 100 GHz range.
Diverse, Neural Trojan Resilient Ecosystem of Neural Network IP (2022)

Adversarial machine learning is a prominent research area aimed towards exposing and mitigating security vulnerabilities in AI/ML algorithms and their implementations. Data poisoning and neural Trojans enable an attacker to drastically change the behavior and performance of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) merely by altering some of the input data during training. Such attacks can be catastrophic in the field, e.g. for self-driving vehicles. In this paper, we propose deploying a CNN as an ecosystem of variants , rather than a singular model. The ecosystem is derived from the original trained model, and though every derived model is structurally different, they are all functionally equivalent to the original and each other. We propose two complementary techniques: stochastic parameter mutation , where the weights θ of the original are shifted by a small, random amount, and a delta-update procedure which functions by XOR’ing all of the parameters with an update file containing the Δ θ values. This technique is effective against transferability of a neural Trojan to the greater ecosystem by amplifying the Trojan’s malicious impact to easily detectable levels; thus, deploying a model as an ecosystem can render the ecosystem more resilient against a neural Trojan attack.
Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, and Hippocampus Differentially Represent the Event Saliency (2019)

Two primary functions attributed to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) network are retaining the temporal and spatial associations of events and detecting deviant events. It is unclear, however, how these two functions converge into one mechanism. Here, we tested whether increased activity with perceiving salient events is a deviant detection signal or contains information about the event associations by reflecting the magnitude of deviance (i.e., event saliency). We also tested how the deviant detection signal is affected by the degree of anticipation. We studied regional neural activity when people watched a movie that had varying saliency of a novel or an anticipated flow of salient events. Using intracranial electroencephalography from 10 patients, we observed that high-frequency activity (50-150 Hz) in the hippocampus, dorsolateral PFC, and medial OFC tracked event saliency. We also observed that medial OFC activity was stronger when the salient events were anticipated than when they were novel. These results suggest that dorsolateral PFC and medial OFC, as well as the hippocampus, signify the saliency magnitude of events, reflecting the hierarchical structure of event associations.
Performance evaluation of survivable multifiber WDM networks (2004)

This article proposes a survivability evaluation model for multifiber WDM networks, in which the extended layered graph is developed to jointly optimize the wavelength routing and wavelength assignment problems, and three different edge cost functions are evaluated in terms of traffic engineering. Linear programming (LP) equations are formulated to optimally determine the working lightpath and the corresponding protection lightpath under the schemes of shared protection and dedicated protection. The extensive simulations show that shared protection with the fiber and wavelength-based cost function provides the best survivability.
A Framework on Semantic Thing Retrieval Method in IoT and IoE Environment (2018)

The concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE) was proposed to realize intelligent to thing and smart device communications using Web standard technology. To many, the large scale data generated by IoT and IoE environment are considered having highly valuable and useful information. Increasing requirements to generate new values through data analysis and autonomous mash-up have resulted in active studies on integration with semantic web technologies in the IoT and IoE. Particularly, in order to utilize IoE data in real environment, connectivity and mutual cooperation technology suitable for various services are required. In this paper, we proposed a semantic thing retrieval system in IoT and IoE that can perform efficient thing retrieval operation with various thing metadata and things with states information in IoT and IoE.
Activated platelet‐derived growth factor autocrine pathway drives the transformed phenotype of a human glioblastoma cell line (1994)

Human glioblastoma cells (A172) were found to concomitantly express PDGF-BB and PDGF beta-receptors. The receptors were constitutively autophosphorylated in the absence of exogenous ligand, suggesting the presence of an autocrine PDGF pathway. Neutralizing PDGF antibodies as well as suramin inhibited the autonomous PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity and resulted in up-regulation of receptor protein. The interruption of the autocrine loop by the PDGF antibodies reversed the transformed phenotype of the glioblastoma cell, as determined by (1) diminished DNA synthesis, (2) inhibition of tumor colony growth, and (3) reversion of the transformed morphology of the tumor cells. The PDGF antibodies showed no effect on the DNA synthesis of another glioblastoma cells line (U-343MGa 31L) or on Ki-ras-transformed fibroblasts. The present study demonstrates an endogenously activated PDGF pathway in a spontaneous human glioblastoma cell line. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the autocrine PDGF pathway drives the transformed phenotype of the tumor cells, a process that can be blocked by extracellular antagonists.
Cloning, Characterization, and Serodiagnostic Evaluation ofLeishmania infantumTandem Repeat Proteins (2006)

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a form of leishmaniasis, which is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania, and is often fatal unless it is treated. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of VL is important for effective treatment. Here we report the cloning of previously undescribed tandem repeat (TR) proteins of Leishmania infantum and an evaluation of VL patient antibody responses to the corresponding proteins. By screening an L. infantum expression library with sera from human VL patients or infected hamsters, we identified 43 genes encoding B-cell antigens. Surprisingly, 19 of the 43 genes (44%) were TR proteins, and that percentage was significantly higher than that for genes picked randomly from the database. We then expressed the TR regions of LinJ16.1750, LinJ22.1590, and LinJ33.2870 and the entire LinJ28.2310 protein. These recombinant proteins were all recognized by Sudanese VL patient sera in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recombinant LinJ16.1750 (rLinJ16.1750) showed the best performance among these antigens in terms of both sensitivity and specificity. Serological evaluation revealed that 97% (34 of 35) of Sudanese VL patients had significantly elevated antibody levels to rLinJ16.1750. Furthermore, when eight of the patient sera which had low reactivities to rK39 were tested with the novel recombinant antigens, some of the sera showed stronger antibody responses to these antigens than to rK39. Our results suggest that TR regions from the novel L. infantum proteins identified in this study are immunodominant B-cell epitopes and may represent good candidates for serodiagnosis of VL.
Giant current density via indirect exciton orbit overlapping in polarized nanogranular materials (2014)

Anomalous charge transport in nanogranular material (NGM), closely packed 2–4 nm diameter metal nanoparticle-carbon matrix composite, is modeled using a cluster of electron–hole pairs (super-atom) or indirect excitons produced among locally polarized composite. The observed conductivity and T−1/2 temperature dependence of its logarithm suggests variable range hopping or cotunneling via overlapping orbits among adjacent particles limited by electron–hole interaction. Further, electron–hole liquid is expected from predicted high densities of charge carriers, allowing a giant current carrying capacity. The Bose–Hubbard phase diagram and an interexciton distance shorter than the thermal de Broglie wavelength suggests the possibility of NGM as a platform for excitonic quantum condensate.
Movie S7 from Cytoplasmic Localization of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Inhibitors May Confer Advantages for Targeted Cancer Therapies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;confocal control LNCaP SiR-lysosome 5um&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical implementation of the Humacyte human acellular vessel: Implications for military and civilian trauma care (2019)

The incidence of wartime vascular injury has increased and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. While ligation remains an option, current resuscitation and damage control techniques have resulted in vascular repair being pursued in more than half of wartime injuries. Options for vascular reconstruction are currently limited to autologous vein or synthetic conduits, choices which have not changed in decades, both of which have problems. Autologous vein is preferable but requires time to harvest and may not be available. Synthetic grafts are poorly resistant to infection and associated with thrombotic complications. Recognizing this capability gap, the US Combat Casualty Care Research Program has partnered with academia and industry to support the development and clinical introduction of a bioengineered human acellular vessel. This human acellular vessel has the potential to be an off-the-shelf conduit that is resistant to infection and incorporates well into native tissues. This report reviews the rationale of this military-civilian partnership in medical innovation and provides an update on the clinical use and ongoing study of this new vascular technology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, level III.
Epoxidation of Electron Deficient Alkenes Using tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide and 1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene and its Derivatives (1999)

The title cyclic guanidine (4a) is an efficient promoter of enone epoxidation by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Optimisation studies are reported and the procedure applied to cyclic and acyclic ketones, quinones and naphthoquinones. N-Substituted guanidine (4c) proved best for the epoxidation of 2-amidobenzoquinones. Preliminary asymmetric epoxidation studies are also discussed.
Dioxapyrene-Based Organic Semiconductors for Organic Field Effect Transistors (2009)

Compared to linear acenes, only a few examples of peri-condensed organic semiconductors are known. Here, we report synthesis and charge transport properties of peri-condensed heteropyrenes in organic field effect transistors (OFETs). We show that 1,6-dioxapyrene derivatives are easily accessible and stable semiconductors that form well-ordered polycrystalline films, which results in moderately large hole mobility (ca. 0.25 cm2 V−1 s−1) in OFET devices.