gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum bootstrapping via compressed quantum Hamiltonian learning (2015)

A major problem facing the development of quantum computers or large scale quantum simulators is that general methods for characterizing and controlling are intractable. We provide a new approach to this problem that uses small quantum simulators to efficiently characterize and learn control models for larger devices. Our protocol achieves this by using Bayesian inference in concert with Lieb–Robinson bounds and interactive quantum learning methods to achieve compressed simulations for characterization. We also show that the Lieb–Robinson velocity is epistemic for our protocol, meaning that information propagates at a rate that depends on the uncertainty in the system Hamiltonian. We illustrate the efficiency of our bootstrapping protocol by showing numerically that an 8 qubit Ising model simulator can be used to calibrate and control a 50 qubit Ising simulator while using only about 750 kilobits of experimental data. Finally, we provide upper bounds for the Fisher information that show that the number of experiments needed to characterize a system rapidly diverges as the duration of the experiments used in the characterization shrinks, which motivates the use of methods such as ours that do not require short evolution times.
Robotic origami folding (2008)

Origami, the art of paper sculpture, is a fresh challenge for the field of robotic manipulation, and provides a concrete example of the many difficulties and general manipulation problems faced in robotics. This paper describes our initial exploration, and highlights key problems in the manipulation, modeling, and design of foldable structures. Results include the design of the first origami-folding robot, a complete fold-sequence planner for a simple class of origami, and analysis of the kinematics of more complicated folds, including the common paper shopping bag.
Novel Peptide Dissociation:  Gas-Phase Intramolecular Rearrangement of Internal Amino Acid Residues (1997)

Unique intramolecular rearrangement product ions have been observed in the product ion spectra of a number of peptides. Multiple stages of mass analysis (MSn), molecular modeling, and chemical modifications of peptides have been used to provide insight into the mechanism of this rearrangement reaction. The rearrangement process begins with a four-residue immonium ion that transfers a proton from the immonium nitrogen to the primary amine on the N-terminus. The proton transfer leads to the rearrangement of the peptide, exposing an internal amino acid on the terminus of the new ion. The internal amino acid that becomes the terminus of the new ion is then readily lost. The reaction seems to benefit from an extended experimental time frame available for reaction. The reaction is most prominent in quadrupole ion trap and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance experiments, is observed under some conditions in a triple quadrupole, but is not seen in a sector instrument. Without previous knowledge of this process, the peptide sequence as determined by MS/MS could be misidentified.
Improving supply chain security using big data (2013)

Previous attempts at supply chain risk management are often non-technical and rely heavily on policies/procedures to provide security assurances. This is particularity worrisome as there are vast volumes of data that must be analyzed and data continues to grow at unprecedented rates. In order to mitigate these issues and minimize the amount of manual inspection required, we propose the development of mathematically-based automated screening methods that can be incorporated into supply chain risk management. In particular, we look at methods for identifying deception and deceptive practices that may be present in the supply chain. We examine two classes of constraints faced by deceivers, cognitive/computational limitations and strategic tradeoffs, which can be used to developed graph-based metrics to represent entity behavior. By using these metrics with novel machine learning algorithms, we can robustly detect deceptive behavior and identify potential supply chain issues.
Biodegradable Elastomeric Networks: Highly Efficient Cross-Linking of Poly(trimethylene carbonate) by Gamma Irradiation in the Presence of Pentaerythritol Triacrylate (2010)

Biodegradable elastomeric poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) networks were efficiently formed by gamma irradiating the linear polymer in the presence of pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA). The properties of networks formed upon irradiation of PTMC films containing (0, 1, 5 wt %) PETA as a cross-linking aid were evaluated. The gel contents and network densities increased with increasing PETA contents, irradiation dose, and initial polymer molecular weights. At a dose of 25 kGy, networks with gel fractions up to 0.96 could be obtained. The networks were noncytotoxic, had elastic moduli below 10.7 MPa and high tensile strengths of up to 37.7 MPa. The incorporation of PETA also improved the resistance to creep and to tear propagation significantly, resulting in permanent set values that were as low as 0.9% strain and tear strengths up to 9.3 ± 2.0 N/mm. Furthermore, the enzymatic erosion rates of the networks could be decreased from 12.0 ± 2.9 to 3.0 ± 1.6 μm/day. These biodegradable elastomeric PTMC networks may be utilized in a broad range of medical applications.
Machine Protection System for the Stepper Motor Actuated SyLMAND Mirrors (2010)

SyLMAND, the Synchrotron Laboratory for Micro and Nano Devices at the Canadian Light Source, consists of a dedicated X‐ray lithography beamline on a bend magnet port, and process support laboratories in a clean room environment. The beamline includes a double mirror system with flat, chromium‐coated silicon mirrors operated at varying grazing angles of incidence (4 mrad to 45 mrad) for spectral adjustment by high energy cut‐off. Each mirror can be independently moved by two stepper motors to precisely control the pitch and vertical position. We present in this paper the machine protection system implemented in the double mirror system to allow for safe operation of the two mirrors and to avoid consequences of potential stepper motor malfunction.
Ag11(SG)7: A New Cluster Identified by Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (2014)

We report a one-step and high yield synthesis of a red-luminescent silver cluster with the molecular formula, Ag11(SG)7 (SG: glutathionate) via reduction of silver ions by sodium borohydride in the presence of the tripeptide, glutathione (GSH). The as-prepared cluster shows prominent absorption features at 485 and 625 nm in its UV–vis absorption spectrum. Aging of the as-prepared cluster solution led to the disappearance of the 625 nm peak, followed by broadening of the 485 nm peak to give three maxima at ∼487, 437, and 393 nm in its absorption spectrum. These peaks remain unchanged even after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), where a single band was observed confirming high purity of the cluster formed. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) reveal the composition of the cluster to be Ag11(SG)7 with multiple sodium attachments to the ligand to give −3 and −2 charged species. These compositions match well with their calculated isotope patterns. Extensive MS/MS was performed to understand the fragmentation. Potential atomic structures are discussed based on density functional theory calculations and comparisons for optical absorption spectra using Ag11(SCH3)7 as the model. Photoluminescence of this cluster was selectively quenched in the presence of Hg(II) and Cu(II) separately. Detection limit was found to be below their permissible limits in drinking water set by US EPA. Ag11(SR)7 cluster is reported for the first time.
Foamed geopolymers for fire protection: Burn‐through testing and modeling (2021)

Summary Geopolymer (GP) foam as a fire protective coating was synthesized, deposited on a steel plate, hardened and evaluated using a burn‐through test at a reduced scale. It was shown that the GP foam acts as an efficient fire barrier (with 250°C reduction compared to virgin steel evaluated in the same conditions). A numerical model using Comsol Multiphysics (finite element code) was performed to simulate the fire behavior of the GP foam. It was based on the complete characterization of the GP foam to provide accurate input data for the model. The latter captures well the temperature rise, including the endothermal effect due to water vaporization. A parametric study of the porosity and the emissivity at the surface of the GP foam brings new insights to optimize the performance of the GP foam. It is shown that a porosity of 90% and an emissivity lower than 0.75 should provide the highest performance to GP foam. The fabrication of an optimized GP foam is feasible using a technology of low emissivity thin coating and by adjusting the synthesis of the GP foam to increase its porosity.
P3–188: Immunohistochemical localization of iron regulatory protein–2 in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus (2006)

The link between perturbed brain iron metabolism and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) warrants study. Iron regulatory protein–2 (IRP–2) plays a role in brain iron metabolism by serving as a cytosolic iron sensor and post transcriptional control point for iron uptake or storage. Studies of IRP–2 in the AD brain with polyclonal antibodies report abnormal IRP–2 localization and interactions with iron responsive elements of RNA transcripts. This is the first study of IRP–2 localization in the AD and elderly control hippocampus using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against specific epitopes. Three mAbs developed in our laboratory are directed to two different epitopes in the 73 amino acid (aa) iron degradation domain (IDD, aa position 138–200) of IRP–2 and to one of the regions flanking the IDD, either aa100–128 or aa209–262. Specificity of antibodies has been established by immunoblots. Formalin fixed hippocampi from age–matched elderly control (n=8), AD (n=9) (documented clinically and pathologically by CERAD/NIH criteria) and Lewy Body Disease (LBD; n=4) have been studied. Formalin fixed brains of wild–type and IRP–2 knockout mice were used for positive and negative controls, respectively. A standard immunohistochemistry protocol with AEC as the chromogen was followed. IRP–2 expression was found to be primarily intraneuronal with sparing of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and white matter tracts. Hippocampal pyramidal neurons demonstrated remarkable perinuclear IRP–2 buildup, with colocalization in dystrophic neurites within the background neuropil. The dentate gyrus also expressed IRP–2 in some cases. The exact relationship of IRP–2 reactivity to tangles and plaques could not be adequately evaluated in the pilot samples examined, but additional studies are under way. IRP–2 expression appeared to be more prominent in the hippocampal pyramidal cells from AD and LBD, compared to control brains in the few cases studied to date, but more quantitative analysis in additional brain regions is being planned. Further characterization of the pathogenic role of the identified IRP–2 immunoreactive material in multiple brain regions relevant to neurodegenerative disease processes remains an important continuing objective. More sophisticated approaches will include laser–capture microdissection and application of techniques developed for proteomic analysis. This research was funded by NIH Grant #AG20948.
Priming of Adult Incision Response by Early-Life Injury: Neonatal Microglial Inhibition Has Persistent But Sexually Dimorphic Effects in Adult Rats (2019)

Neonatal hindpaw incision primes developing spinal nociceptive circuitry, resulting in enhanced hyperalgesia following reinjury in adulthood. Spinal microglia contribute to this persistent effect, and microglial inhibition at the time of adult reincision blocks the enhanced hyperalgesia. Here, we pharmacologically inhibited microglial function with systemic minocycline or intrathecal SB203580 at the time of neonatal incision and evaluated sex-dependent differences following adult reincision. Incision in adult male and female rats induced equivalent hyperalgesia and spinal dorsal horn expression of genes associated with microglial proliferation (<i>Emr1</i>) and transformation to a reactive phenotype (<i>Irf8</i>). In control adults with prior neonatal incision, the enhanced degree and duration of incision-induced hyperalgesia and spinal microglial responses to reincision were equivalent in males and females. However, microglial inhibition at the time of the neonatal incision revealed sex-dependent effects: the persistent mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia following reincision in adulthood was prevented in males but unaffected in females. Similarly, reincision induced <i>Emr1</i> and <i>Irf8</i> gene expression was downregulated in males, but not in females, following neonatal incision with minocycline. To evaluate the distribution of reincision hyperalgesia, prior neonatal incision was performed at different body sites. Hyperalgesia was maximal when the same paw was reincised, and was increased following prior incision at ipsilateral, but not contralateral, sites, supporting a segmentally restricted spinal mechanism. These data highlight the contribution of spinal microglial mechanisms to persistent effects of early-life injury in males, and sex-dependent differences in the ability of microglial inhibition to prevent the transition to a persistent pain state span developmental stages.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Following the same surgery, some patients develop persistent pain. Contributory mechanisms are not fully understood, but early-life experience and sex/gender may influence the transition to chronic pain. Surgery and painful procedural interventions in vulnerable preterm neonates are associated with long-term alterations in somatosensory function and pain that differ in males and females. Surgical injury in neonatal rodents primes the developing nociceptive system and enhances reinjury response in adulthood. Neuroimmune interactions are critical mediators of persistent pain, but sex-dependent differences in spinal neuroglial signaling influence the efficacy of microglial inhibitors following adult injury. Neonatal microglial inhibition has beneficial long-term effects on reinjury response in adult males only, emphasizing the importance of evaluating sex-dependent differences at all ages in preclinical studies.
STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT USING PROCESS COMPENSATED RESONANT TESTING (PCRT) (2011)

Honeywell, in collaboration with Vibrant, Delta TechOps, and Boeing, has used Process Compensated Resonant Testing (PCRT) for studying structural integrity and functional performance in various components in Auxiliary Power Units (APUs), Propulsion Engines, Defense and Space applications, and Maintenance Repair & Overhaul (MR&O). The motivation behind this work has been the desire to use PCRT for studying Manufacturing Process Control (MPC) and Structural Sustainability Evaluation (SSE), in addition to traditional quality inspection. In this paper, we will report some of these findings and discuss long term PCRT applications, such as structural sustainability evaluation, damage evolution assessment, and life prediction strategy in parts.
Evaluation of adhesive-free crossed-electrode poly(vinylidene fluoride) copolymer array transducers for high frequency imaging (2016)

Abstract High frequency crossed-electrode transducers have been investigated, both as single and dual layer transducers. Prototypes of these transducers were developed for 4 crossed lines (yielding 16 square elements) on a polymer substrate, using a layer-by-layer deposition method for poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF–TrFE)] with intermediate sputtered electrodes. The transducer was characterized using various methods [LCR analyzer, a pulse–echo experimental setup, and a numerical Finite element method (FEM) model] and evaluated in terms of uniformity of bandwidth and acoustical energy output. All 16 transducer elements produced broad-banded ultrasonic spectra with small variation in central frequency and −6 dB bandwidth. The frequency responses obtained experimentally were verified using a numerical model.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Triphosgene for Direct Preparation of Carbamoyl Chlorides from Tertiary Benzylamines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rh(I) Coordination Chemistry of Chiral α-Aminophosphine(η6-arene)chromium Tricarbonyl Ligands (2003)

The diastereoselective addition of Ph(2)PH to the chiral ortho-substituted eta(6)-benzaldimine complexes (eta(6)-o-X-C(6)H(4)CH=NAr)Cr(CO)(3) (1, X = MeO, Ar = p-C(6)H(4)OMe; 2, X = Cl, Ar = Ph) leads to the formation of the corresponding chiral aminophosphines (alpha-P,N) Ph(2)P-CH(Ar(1))-NHAr(2) (3, Ar(1) = o-C(6)H(4)(OCH(3))[Cr(CO)(3)], Ar(2) = p-C(6)H(4)OCH(3); 4, Ar(1) = o-C(6)H(4)Cl[Cr(CO)(3)], Ar(2) = Ph) in equilibrium with the starting materials. The uncomplexed benzaldimine (o-ClC(6)H(4)CH=NPh), 2', analogously produces an equilibrium amount of the corresponding aminophosphine Ph(2)P-CH(Ar(1))-NHAr(2) (4', Ar(1) = o-C(6)H(4)Cl, Ar(2) = Ph). Depending on the equilibrium constant, the subsequent addition of (1)/(2) equiv of [RhCl(COD)](2) (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) leads to either Ph(2)PH oxidative addition in the case of 3 or to the corresponding [RhCl(COD)(alpha-P,N)] complexes [RhCl(COD)(Ph(2)P-CH[o-C(6)H(4)Cl[Cr(CO)(3)]]-NHPh)] (5) and [RhCl(COD)(Ph(2)P-CH(o-C(6)H(4)Cl)-NHPh)] (5') in the cases of the aminophosphines 4 and 4'. The addition of the latter ligands, as racemic mixtures, to (1)/(4) equiv of [Rh(CO)(2)Cl](2) leads to the [RhCl(CO)(alpha-P,N)(2)] complexes [RhCO(Ph(2)P-CH[o-C(6)H(4)Cl[Cr(CO)(3)]]-NHPh)(2)Cl] (7) or [RhCO(Ph(2)P-CH(o-C(6)H(4)Cl)-NHPh)(2)Cl] (7') as mixtures of (R(C),S(C))/(S(C),R(C)) and (R(C),R(C))/(S(C),S(C)) diastereomers. The rhodium complexes 5 and 7' have been fully characterized by IR and (31)P NMR spectroscopies and X-ray crystallography. These compounds exhibit intramolecular Rh-Cl.H-N interactions in the solid state and in solution. The stability of the new rhodium complexes has been studied under different CO pressures. Under 1 atm of CO, 5 is converted to an unstable complex [RhCl(CO)(2)(alpha-P,N)], 6, which undergoes ligand redistribution leading to 7 plus an unidentified complex. This reaction is inhibited under higher CO or syngas pressure, as confirmed by the observation of the same catalytic activity in hydroformylation when styrene was added to a catalytic mixture that was either freshly prepared or left standing for 20 h under high CO pressure.
Protective antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccination are boosted in the lung after challenge in nonhuman primates (2021)

Adjuvanted soluble protein vaccines have been used extensively in humans for protection against various viral infections based on their robust induction of antibody responses. Here, soluble prefusion-stabilized spike protein trimers (preS dTM) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were formulated with the adjuvant AS03 and administered twice to nonhuman primates (NHPs). Binding and functional neutralization assays and systems serology revealed that the vaccinated NHP developed AS03-dependent multifunctional humoral responses that targeted distinct domains of the spike protein and bound to a variety of Fc receptors mediating immune cell effector functions in vitro. The neutralizing 50% inhibitory concentration titers for pseudovirus and live SARS-CoV-2 were higher than titers for a panel of human convalescent serum samples. NHPs were challenged intranasally and intratracheally with a high dose (3 × 10<sup>6</sup> plaque forming units) of SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020 isolate). Two days after challenge, vaccinated NHPs showed rapid control of viral replication in both the upper and lower airways. Vaccinated NHPs also had increased spike protein-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses in the lung as early as 2 days after challenge. Moreover, passive transfer of vaccine-induced IgG to hamsters mediated protection from subsequent SARS-CoV-2 challenge. These data show that antibodies induced by the AS03-adjuvanted preS dTM vaccine were sufficient to mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 in NHPs and that rapid anamnestic antibody responses in the lung may be a key mechanism for protection.
A 3.5GHz 32mW 150nm multiphase clock generator for high-performance microprocessors (2003)

A 3.5GHz 8-phase all-digital clock generator is fabricated in 150nm CMOS to achieve scalable 1.7/spl times/ frequency-range and 9ps end-to-end time resolution measured at 1.6V and 110/spl deg/C. A closed-to-open loop control scheme enables 32mW open-loop power consumption, 300/spl mu/W at clock gate-off, zero-cycle response during clock re-enable, and <4% static phase error.
HSP90 is a chaperone for DLK and is required for axon injury signaling (2018)

Peripheral nerve injury induces a robust proregenerative program that drives axon regeneration. While many regeneration-associated genes are known, the mechanisms by which injury activates them are less well-understood. To identify such mechanisms, we performed a loss-of-function pharmacological screen in cultured adult mouse sensory neurons for proteins required to activate this program. Well-characterized inhibitors were present as injury signaling was induced but were removed before axon outgrowth to identify molecules that block induction of the program. Of 480 compounds, 35 prevented injury-induced neurite regrowth. The top hits were inhibitors to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), a chaperone with no known role in axon injury. HSP90 inhibition blocks injury-induced activation of the proregenerative transcription factor cJun and several regeneration-associated genes. These phenotypes mimic loss of the proregenerative kinase, dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), a critical neuronal stress sensor that drives axon degeneration, axon regeneration, and cell death. HSP90 is an atypical chaperone that promotes the stability of signaling molecules. HSP90 and DLK show two hallmarks of HSP90-client relationships: (<i>i</i>) HSP90 binds DLK, and (<i>ii</i>) HSP90 inhibition leads to rapid degradation of existing DLK protein. Moreover, HSP90 is required for DLK stability in vivo, where HSP90 inhibitor reduces DLK protein in the sciatic nerve. This phenomenon is evolutionarily conserved in <i>Drosophila</i> Genetic knockdown of <i>Drosophila</i> HSP90, Hsp83, decreases levels of <i>Drosophila</i> DLK, Wallenda, and blocks Wallenda-dependent synaptic terminal overgrowth and injury signaling. Our findings support the hypothesis that HSP90 chaperones DLK and is required for DLK functions, including proregenerative axon injury signaling.