gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Piezoresistor-equipped fluorescence-based cantilever probe for near-field scanning (2007)

Scanning near-field optical microscopes (SNOMs) with fluorescence-based probes are promising tools for evaluating the optical characteristics of nanoaperture devices used for biological investigations, and this article reports on the development of a microfabricated fluorescence-based SNOM probe with a piezoresistor. The piezoresistor was built into a two-legged root of a 160-microm-long cantilever. To improve the displacement sensitivity of the cantilever, the piezoresistor's doped area was shallowly formed on the cantilever surface. A fluorescent bead, 500 nm in diameter, was attached to the bottom of the cantilever end as a light-intensity-sensitive material in the visible-light range. The surface of the scanned sample was simply detected by the probe's end being displaced by contact with the sample. Measuring displacements piezoresistively is advantageous because it eliminates the noise arising from the use of the optical-lever method and is free of any disturbance in the absorption or the emission spectrum of the fluorescent material at the probe tip. The displacement sensitivity was estimated to be 6.1 x 10(-6) nm(-1), and the minimum measurable displacement was small enough for near-field measurement. This probe enabled clear scanning images of the light field near a 300 x 300 nm(2) aperture to be obtained in the near-field region where the tip-sample distance is much shorter than the light wavelength. This scanning result indicates that the piezoresistive way of tip-sample distance regulation is effective for characterizing nanoaperture optical devices.
Search for pair production of heavy vector-like quarks decaying into high-pT W bosons and top quarks in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A bstract A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vector-like B quarks, primarily targeting B quark decays into a W boson and a top quark. The search is based on 36 . 1 fb −1 of pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by a high-transverse-momentum isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum, and multiple jets, of which at least one is b -tagged. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed. The 95% confidence level lower limit on the B mass is 1350 GeV assuming a 100% branching ratio to Wt . In the SU(2) singlet scenario, the lower mass limit is 1170 GeV. The 100% branching ratio limits are found to be also applicable to heavy vector-like X production, with charge +5/3, that decay into Wt . This search is also sensitive to a heavy vector-like B quark decaying into other final states ( Zb and Hb ) and thus mass limits on B production are set as a function of the decay branching ratios.
Combining isoelectric point-based fractionation, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to improve peptide detection and protein identification (2010)

The off-line coupling of an isoelectric trapping device termed membrane separated wells for isoelectric focusing and trapping (MSWIFT) to mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies is described. The MSWIFT is a high capacity, high-throughput, mass spectrometry-compatible isoelectric trapping device that provides isoelectric point (pI)-based separations of complex mixtures of peptides. In MSWIFT, separation and analyte trapping are achieved by migrating the peptide ions through membranes having fixed pH values until the peptide pI is bracketed by the pH values of adjacent membranes. The pH values of the membranes can be tuned, thus affording a high degree of experimental flexibility. Specific advantages of using MSWIFT for sample prefractionation include: (1) small sample volumes (approximately 200 microL), (2) customized membranes over a large pH range, (3) flexibility in the number of desired fractions, (4) membrane compatibility with a variety of solvents systems, and (5) resulting fractions do not require sample cleanup before MS analysis. Here, we demonstrate the utility of MSWIFT for mass spectrometry-based detection of peptides in improving dynamic range and the reduction of ion suppression effects for high-throughput separations of tryptic peptides.
Preservation of normal left ventricular geometry during mitral valve replacement. (1995)

The role of the subvalvular apparatus in preserving left ventricular (LV) systolic function, regional LV mechanics and three-dimensional contraction synergy has now been generally accepted. We have developed techniques for maintaining the mitral annulopapillary muscle continuity during mitral valve replacement (MVR) to preserve the normal geometry of the left ventricle. From January 1990 through February 1995, a total of 375 patients underwent MVR. In 183 patients, the entire subvalvular apparatus was retained or the mitral annulo-papillary muscle continuity was reconstructed with Gore-tex sutures. There were 100 males and the average patient age was 64 (24-84) years. One hundred and forty-seven patients had mechanical bileaflet valves implanted and the remaining 36 received bioprostheses. One hundred and nine patients underwent isolated MVR with an operative mortality of three (2.8%), 52 patients had combined MVR and coronary surgery with four deaths (7.7%), 15 patients had multiple valve procedures with one death (6.7%) and seven patients had MVR combined with miscellaneous procedures with no operative deaths. All patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography evaluation intra-operatively. In addition, transthoracic echocardiograms performed during the follow up period (3 mo.-5 yrs.) have demonstrated preservation of global LV function with no evidence of LV outflow tract obstruction. We conclude that preserving the LV geometry by normal anatomical chordal preservation or replacement during MVR is a safe technique resulting in gratifying intermediate term results.
P4‐187: Iron regulatory protein 2 is involved in brain copper homeostasis (2009)

Trace metal homeostasis needs to be tightly controlled in the brain, because its dysregulation may severely impact normal brain function. In Alzheimer's disease brain homeostasis of trace metals such as copper and iron is dysregulated. Interestingly, Amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been implicated in copper efflux from the brain. Furthermore, it was shown that iron regulatory proteins, which regulate iron homeostasis, can block amyloid precursor protein mRNA translation. This has lead us to hypothesize that increased iron levels could lead to iron regulatory protein 2 degradation, which in turn increases APP production and therefore causes increased copper efflux. In a correlative study we have therefore compared brain regional copper levels and APP expression in mice with a targeted deletion of iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2-/-). Mice were killed using focused microwave irradiation and brains were dissected into 12 brain regions. After dissolving the tissue in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide copper levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. APP levels in brain regional protein extracts were measured using Western blotting. Compared with controls, six week old IRP2-/- mice had significantly less brain copper in the parietal cortex, hippocampus, ventral striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus and whole brain. APP was significantly upregulated in the hippocampus (p<0.05) and showed a trend toward upregulation in the thalamus (p<0.1). This is the first study to demonstrate that iron regulatory protein 2 affects brain copper levels and that this may be mediated at least in part through APP. However, alterations in APP levels alone are insufficient to explain the entire effect of IRP2 on brain copper. The relationship between copper and iron in the brain is likely considerably more complex and additional pathways must be explored to completely characterize this relationship.
Software-Defined Network - Principes, architectures et mise en œuvre – partie 1 (2017)

Avec le développement d'Internet et du Cloud, le réseau IP, sans garantie, doit pouvoir s'adapter et offrir des services et des fonctionnalités dynamiques. Découvrez comment les techniques SDN constituent une réponse à ce besoin de réseaux programmables.
Cav3.2 calcium channel interactions with the epithelial sodium channel ENaC (2019)

This study describes the functional interaction between Cav3.2 calcium channels and the Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC). β-ENaC subunits showed overlapping expression with endogenous Cav3.2 calcium channels in the thalamus and hypothalamus as detected by immunostaining. Moreover, β- and γ-ENaC subunits could be co-immunoprecipitated with Cav3.2 calcium channels from brain lysates, dorsal horn and lumbar dorsal root ganglia. Mutation of a cluster of lysines present in the intracellular N-terminus region of β-ENaC (K4R/ K5R/ K9R/ K16R/ K23R) reduced interactions with Cav3.2 calcium channels. Αβγ-ENaC channels enhanced Cav3.2 calcium channel trafficking to the plasma membrane in tsA-201 cells. This effect was reciprocal such that Cav3.2 channel expression also enhanced β-ENaC trafficking to the cell surface. T-type current density was increased when fully assembled αβγ-ENaC channels were transiently expressed in CAD cells, a neuronal derived cell line. Altogether, these findings reveal ENaC as an interactor and potential regulator of Cav3.2 calcium channels expressed in neuronal tissues.
PWM Sequence Selection and Optimization: A Novel Approach (1982)

A variety of means have been used in the past for assessing the quality of pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverter output voltages. A further analysis is given of the performance of such voltage sequences. The analysis is primarily computer-based, but experimental data are also included. In this case the discussion is clarified by the introduction of a new performance measure, based on the crest factor of the current waveform induced by the sequence. The use of this measure as an index for the construction of optimized sequences is proposed and illustrated. Some consideration is also given to the selection of the most suitable switching frequency for the inverter. The text relates directly to inverters intended for use in induction machine drives, and the sequences used as examples herein are generated using the ``subharmonic'' or ``triangulation'' approach. Much of the analysis is, however, relevant to sequences generated using other modulation methods.
Histochemical and biochemical study of here‐ditary fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva (1982)

Four patients with hereditary hyperplasia of the gingiva were studied. Biopsy samples of gingival tissue contained subepithelial loose connective tissue with thick rounded fibroblasts or dense collagen-rich connective tissue with thin fibroblasts, which appeared to be inactive. These two types of fibroblasts differed in electron microscopy. Alcian blue-staining of intercellular material in various MgCl2 concentrations was similar in hyperplastic and control samples. Collagen from the hyperplastic gingiva appeared to be more mature than normal, based on the presence of stable, nonreducible cross lines. An investigation of growth hormone secretion and a treatment trial suggested that the growth retardation observed in earlier studies was due to normal variation in growth rates or (in one patient) to hypopituitarism associated with birth in breech presentation.
OPTIMIZING WATER SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT FOR A GROWING COMMUNITY (2005)

To meet the water supply requirement in a growing community, system improvement alternatives needs to be identified to satisfy the increasing demand. This paper shows that the intelligent optimization modeling tool can assist practical engineers and decision-maker to optimize system expansions and prioritize the budget allocation of capital improvement program (CIP) for a real world water system. The water distribution system undertaken for study represents a community where the water consumption is projected to grow 30 % in 15 years. Increasing consumption requires that the water system be improved to move water from sources into the growing areas. The criteria for enhancing the system capacity include satisfying the pressure requirement, the maximum allowable flow velocity and sufficient tank storage. The improvement task is to identify the feasible pipe routes and pipe sizes of the new pipes. Due to the complex interconnectivity and the large combinations of possible pipe routes/sizes, it proved technically difficult for experienced engineers to identify a feasible design solution. GA-based optimization design tool has been applied to forge the cost-effective system improvement solutions. The study shows that optimization modeling is a powerful approach for supporting and enhancing a sound decision-making process in water industry.
Magnetic Nanosensors for the Detection of Oligonucleotide Sequences (2001)

Superparamagnetische Nanopartikel, die an Oligonucleotide gebunden sind, führen nach Hybridisierung mit komplementären Oligonucleotiden zu einer reversiblen Erhöhung der Spin-Spin-Relaxationsgeschwindigkeiten nahe gelegener Wasserprotonen (siehe Temperaturzyklus im Bild). Somit ist ein Einsatz als magnetische Nanosensoren für die Flüssigphase denkbar zur Detektion spezifischer Nucleinsäuresequenzen in trüben Medien und vielleicht sogar in vivo in Geweben.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Organic Cation Transporters Are Determinants of Oxaliplatin Cytotoxicity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Organic Cation Transporters Are Determinants of Oxaliplatin Cytotoxicity
Magnetic EXAFS study of Fe-Ni invar alloy under high pressure using nano-polycrystalline diamond anvils (2012)

The magnetic EXAFS technique was applied to study the local magnetic structure in Fe-Ni Invar alloy under high pressures. Nano-polycrystalline diamond was used to apply pressure in a diamond anvil cell. As a result, we succeeded in recording a glitch-free spectrum with a high accuracy by preventing Bragg diffraction from the diamonds. As the pressure was increased, the ferromagnetic correlation was strongly reduced, which was more remarkable for Fe atoms than for Ni atoms. The canting effect of the magnetic moment may be crucial for a rapid decrease in the ferromagnetic correlation. This local magnetic structure in the Invar alloy is consistent with a model based on the non-collinear spin structure.
Double amorphous silicon-carbide p-layer structures producing highly stabilized pin-type protocrystalline silicon multilayer solar cells (2005)

We have applied double p-type amorphous silicon-carbide (p-a-SiC:H) layer structures to pin-type protocrystalline silicon (pc-Si:H) multilayer solar cells. The less-pronounced initial short-wavelength quantum efficiency variation against the biased voltage and the wide overlap of dark current—voltage (JD-V) and short-circuit current—open-circuit voltage (Jsc-Voc) characteristics prove that the double p-a-SiC:H layer structure successfully reduces recombination at the p∕i interface. Therefore, we achieved highly stabilized efficiency of 9.0% without any backreflector.
Investigating the Role of Antigen Orientation on the Immune Response Elicited by Neisseria meningitidis Factor H Binding Protein on GMMA (2022)

GMMA are outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Gram-negative bacteria genetically modified to enhance OMVs formation that have been shown to be optimal systems to enhance immunogenicity of protein antigens. Here, we selected <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> factor H binding protein (fHbp) and used the conjugation chemistry as a tool to alter antigen orientation on GMMA. Indeed, fHbp was randomly linked to GMMA or selectively attached via the N-terminus to mimic native presentation of the protein on the bacterial surface. Interestingly, protein and peptide array analyses confirmed that antibodies induced by the selective and the random conjugates showed a pattern very similar to fHbp natively expressed on bacterial surfaces or to the recombinant protein mixed with GMMA, respectively. However, the two conjugates elicited antibodies with similar serum bactericidal activity against meningococcal strains, superior to the protein alone or physically mixed with GMMA. Presentation of fHbp on GMMA strongly enhances the functional immune response elicited by the protein but its orientation on the bacterial surface does not have an impact. This study demonstrates the flexibility of the GMMA platform as a display and delivery system for enhancing antigen immunogenicity and further supports the use of such promising technology for the development of effective vaccines.
Dynamic on-line sensing of sheet modulus of elasticity (2008)

This paper proposes and evaluates a methodology for robust, on-line estimation of the modulus of elasticity of an elastic strip transported through a multi-span system. The estimation algorithm is based on a previously developed robust sensorless sheet tension estimation, and the computation of speed draws using 1024-pulse encoders operating in 4x mode. The evaluation of the proposed algorithm was performed in the dry end of a LWC (lightweight coated) paper machine. Results confirm the robustness of the on-line estimation and its ability of detecting rapid changes that may occur in the modulus of elasticity. The proposed algorithm will open new and interesting options for further improvements of the paper-making process.
Transcriptional regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression by anti-lg (1994)

When transfected into mouse splenic B cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) the expression of DNA vectors containing the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene under the control of a SP6 kappa promoter and the Ig heavy chain intron enhancer could be down-regulated 5- to 10-fold by treatment of the cells with anti-Ig prior to transfection. Exchanging the SP6 kappa promoter by minimal promoters consisting of an octamer or a SP1 motif linked to TATA box did not impair the anti-Ig induced down-regulation while inserting a rabbit beta-globin promoter did. The transcriptional regulation could be observed after replacing the Ig heavy chain intron enhancer with a SV40 enhancer, or duplicated minimal Ig heavy chain enhancers containing or lacking the octamer element. The down-regulation was not dependent on the level of transcriptional stimulation observed. A difference in Oct2 expression could neither be detected at the RNA nor protein level after treatment of LPS stimulated B cells with anti-Ig or phorbol-dibutyrate. Anti-Ig treatment, but not phorbol-di-butyrate treatment, induced increased levels of AP1 and NF kappa B transcription factors. Thus, either differentiation specific transcriptional control of Ig genes is exerted via transcription factors common to several distinct enhancers or via transcriptional adaptor molecules that can interact with several distinct DNA binding proteins.
Fragment-Based Discovery of a Novel, Brain Penetrant, Orally Active HDAC2 Inhibitor (2022)

Fragment-based ligand discovery was successfully applied to histone deacetylase HDAC2. In addition to the anticipated hydroxamic acid- and benzamide-based fragment screening hits, a low affinity (∼1 mM) α-amino-amide zinc binding fragment was identified, as well as fragments binding to other regions of the catalytic site. This alternative zinc-binding fragment was further optimized, guided by the structural information from protein-ligand complex X-ray structures, into a sub-μM, brain penetrant, HDAC2 inhibitor (<b>17</b>) capable of modulating histone acetylation levels <i>in vivo</i>.
Linearized Silicon Modulator (2013)

We demonstrate a linearized ring assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer (L-RAMZI) modulator in a miniature silicon device. We measure a high degree of linearization, with a Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of 105 dB/Hz2/3 at 1GHz.
A knowledge-based system for time-qualified diagnosis and treatment of hypertension (2003)

A knowledge base is described that was developed as a result of the cooperation between the Department of Electronic Engineering and the Postgraduate School of Nephrology of the University of Florence, and the Interuniversity Center of Clinical Chronobiology. The structure of the knowledge base can be logically divided into three modules: diagnosis, classification, and therapy of hypertension. The first module is based on the application of chronobiological analysis methods to time series of blood pressure data, recorded over a time span of 24 or, preferably, 48 h. The second module deals with the classification of hypertension; its purpose is to decide whether or not the patient is suffering from secondary hypertension, i.e. whether there are any pathological events that might cause a blood pressure elevation. The last module of the knowledge base suggests a treatment for the hypertensive patient, according to the patient's clinical report, the results of the former modules, and a database that includes the characteristics of the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Free-Breathing Hybrid Technique for Simultaneous T2w, T1w, PDFF, and R2* Imaging at 0.55T (2023)

Recently, there has been renewed interest in imaging at low field strengths. The increased T2* relaxation times at 0.55T and reduced chemical shift between fat and water requires the need for longer TEs for accurate fat fraction and R2* estimation, often resulting in longer acquisition times. In this work, we present a scan-efficient hybrid TSE-GRE technique for the simultaneous acquisition of T2- and T1-weighted images along with quantification of fat fraction and R2*. The use of a stack-of-stars trajectory allows SNR efficient free breathing imaging at 0.55T.
Deformation-Induced Martensitic Transformation Behavior of Retained Austenite during Rolling Contact in Carburized SAE4320 Steel (2021)

The deformation-induced martensitic transformation is a phenomenon that significantly improves the mechanical properties of steels, and is well known to be beneficial for the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of bearings. In the present study, the characteristics of the deformation-induced martensitic transformation in the RCF of carburized, quenched and tempered SAE4320 steel were investigated in detail using scanning electron microscopy with electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy with automated crystal orientation mapping. These analyses clarified that different variants of the extremely fine deformation-induced martensites as small as several tens of nm were formed within an austenite grain with RCF, and the martensites were speculated to have the Kurdumov-Sachs or the Nishiyama-Wasserman relationship with the retained austenite. Furthermore, the deformation-induced martensites were preferentially formed within the retained austenite grains rather than at the interface between the tempered martensite and retained austenite. This suggests that the deformation-induced martensites were formed from some localized regions that were plastically introduced within the retained austenite grains.
An Analytical Design Approach of T-Section Passive Equalizer for High-Speed Digital Signal Transmissions Using Metal Cables (2022)

本論文では高速デジタルケーブル伝送向け，T字型パッシブイコライザ回路の解析的な設計手法を提案する。イコライザ回路の伝達関数の直流における値と，その平方根となるときの周波数によって回路定数が一意に決まることから設計を行う。長さ10 m差動ケーブルの3.125 Gbpsデジタル信号伝送を例に本設計法を適用したところ，ケーブルとイコライザ回路通過後の特性が信号帯域1.25 GHzで±1 dBの範囲で一定となり設計の妥当性を確認した。また試作評価にてイコライザ回路が設計通りの周波数特性となることを確認した。さらにアイパターン評価によりトータルジッタがXAUI規格以下に抑制でき，本設計手法の有効性を確認した。
ChemInform Abstract: Very Small (3—6 Atoms) Gold Cluster Catalyzed Carbon—Carbon and Carbon—Heteroatom Bond‐Forming Reactions in Solution. (2014)

Abstract Several gold‐catalyzed reactions are investigated regarding the role of catalytically active Au—clusters generated in situ.