gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Characterization of Viscoelastic McKibben Actuators with Tunable Force-Velocity Curves (2023)

The McKibben pneumatic artificial muscle is a commonly studied soft robotic actuator, and its quasistatic force-length properties have been well characterized and modeled. However, its damping and force-velocity properties are less well studied. Understanding these properties will allow for more robust dynamic modeling of soft robotic systems. The force-velocity response of these actuators is of particular interest because these actuators are often used as hardware models of skeletal muscles for bioinspired robots, and this force-velocity relationship is fundamental to muscle physiology. In this work, we investigated the force-velocity response of McKibben actuators and the ability to tune this response through the use of viscoelastic polymer sheaths. These viscoelastic McKibben actuators (VMAs) were characterized using iso-velocity experiments inspired by skeletal muscle physiology tests. A simplified 1D model of the actuators was developed to connect the shape of the force-velocity curve to the material parameters of the actuator and sheaths. Using these viscoelastic materials, we were able to modulate the shape and magnitude of the actuators' force-velocity curves, and using the developed model, these changes were connected back to the material properties of the sheaths.
Anatomy of a Nanoscale Conduction Channel Reveals the Mechanism of a High‐Performance Memristor (2011)

By employing a precise method for locating and directly imaging the active switching region in a resistive random access memory (RRAM) device, a nanoscale conducting channel consisting of an amorphous Ta(O) solid solution surrounded by nearly stoichiometric Ta(2) O(5) is observed. Structural and chemical analysis of the channel combined with temperature-dependent transport measurements indicate a unique resistance switching mechanism.
The fractional Talbot effect in differential x‐ray phase‐contrast imaging for extended and polychromatic x‐ray sources (2008)

The influence of different physical parameters, such as the source size and the energy spectrum, on the functional capability of a grating interferometer applied for phase-contrast imaging is discussed using numerical simulations based on Fresnel diffraction theory. The presented simulation results explain why the interferometer could be well combined with polychromatic laboratory x-ray sources in recent experiments. Furthermore, it is shown that the distance between the two gratings of the interferometer is not in general limited by the width of the photon energy spectrum. This implies that interferometers that give a further improved image quality for phase measurements can be designed, because the primary measurement signal for phase measurements can be increased by enlargement of this distance. Finally, the mathematical background and practical instructions for the quantitative evaluation of measurement data acquired with a polychromatic x-ray source are given.
Effect of heparin binding on Helicobacter pylori resistance to serum (2003)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heparin binding to Helicobacter pylori cells on their survival in the presence of fresh rabbit serum with or without active complement components. Three H. pylori strains were compared and the amounts of heparin added reflected the physiological concentrations that can be found in animal tissues. No growth of H. pylori was noted in the presence of serum. Serum with or without active complement produced a reduction in c.f.u. for strains SPM 326, CCUG 17874T and SS1. However, addition of heparin resulted in increased survival of bacterial cells in serum with or without active complement. It appears that heparin binding to H. pylori can prevent bacterial cell death due to the alternative complement system. Heparin binding could also protect from heated serum (complement-inactivated), indicating protection from other serum components besides complement. In vivo, the process of heparin binding could possibly result in facilitated colonization due to a higher survival rate.
Coupled electromagnetic-mechanical modeling applied to electrodynamic bearings (2016)

As known electrodynamic levitation occurs without&#13;\nactive control due to motion induced eddy currents. There are&#13;\ntwo main drawbacks related to electromagnetic bearings: 1) the&#13;\npresence of losses caused by the eddy currents, and 2) the onset of&#13;\ninstability in undamped supercritical rotor systems. Accurate&#13;\nanalysis of these devices, especially when the axial symmetry&#13;\ncannot be assumed, can be performed by numerical methods&#13;\nonly. This paper presents a comparison between the experimental&#13;\ndata taken on a prototype of an electrodynamic bearing and the&#13;\nnumerical simulations obtained by a research code. The good&#13;\nagreement envisages the use of this code for the reduction of&#13;\nlosses and for a better characterization of the instability&#13;\nconditions.
Molecular cloning of cDNAs for the human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor from HL-60 and mapping of the gene to chromosome region 1p32-34 (1992)

Early studies examining the effects of purified or recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on human leukemia cell lines demonstrated that some cell lines, such as HL-60, could be induced to differentiate in response to G-CSF. In two recent studies reporting the cloning of the human G-CSF receptor (hGCSFR), four classes of receptor cDNA were identified and, surprisingly, the message for this receptor was reportedly expressed by HL-60 at either very low levels or not at all. Using a mouse G-CSF receptor probe, we cloned and sequenced a cDNA for hGCSFR from an HL-60 cDNA library in plasmid and used it to identify 31 additional clones from an HL-60 cDNA library in phage. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 31 phage clones established that 29 were derived from class I hGCSFR mRNA, one was derived from class III mRNA, and one was derived from class IV mRNA. In addition, the hGCSFR gene was chromosomally localized by Southern blot analysis of its segregation pattern in a panel of rodent-human hybrid DNAs using the radiolabeled cDNA probe. The hGCSFR locus was present in hybrids retaining the distal short arm of human chromosome 1 and absent in hybrids that did not retain this region. Chromosomal in situ hybridization refined the localization of the hGCSFR gene to region 1p32-p34. The combination of hybrid DNA analysis and in situ hybridization places the hGCSFR gene telomeric to the CSF1, JUN, and TCL-5 loci.
Abstract 4744: Targeting nitric oxide signaling with nNOS inhibitors as a novel strategy for the therapy and prevention of human melanoma (2016)

Abstract The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has increased markedly over the past four decades although there have been some dramatic advances recently in the treatment of advanced melanoma. The development of novel therapeutic interventions blocking melanoma progression would be of high impact. Recently, our group has identified that neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) activated by UV radiation and growth factor plays an important role in melanoma progression, in parallel with generating constitutive NO stress. Knockdown of nNOS significantly reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. The newly developed nNOS inhibitors HHs (HH044 and HH045) exhibited potent anti-melanoma activity both in vitro and in vivo. The IC50s of HH compounds in human melanoma cells are less than 10 μM, which are comparable or even better than that of chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (4.2μM and 14.3μM in A375 and Sk-Mel28 cells, respectively). Notably, the inhibition by HHs is more predominant in metastatic melanoma A375 cells compared to primary early stage Wm3211 cells, which supports our hypothesis that nNOS/NO signaling is more critical to melanoma progression than in the initiation phase. In a melanoma xenograft tumor model, we further determined the effects of HH044 and HH045 in tumor growth in vivo. Treatments with HH044 and HH045 (50mg/kg i.p for 21 days) significantly reduced the tumor size to 12% and 19% of control respectively with no apparent systematic toxicities observed. The body weight in treated mice was even moderately higher than the control’s. Taken together, these results are consistent with our hypothesis that targeting nNOS is an efficient and practicable approach for human melanoma therapy. Citation Format: SUN YANG, Zhen Yang, Richard B. Silverman, Thomas Poulos, Frank L. Meyskens. Targeting nitric oxide signaling with nNOS inhibitors as a novel strategy for the therapy and prevention of human melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4744.
The Insulin Receptor Negatively Regulates the Action of Pseudomonas Toxin-Based Immunotoxins and Native Pseudomonas Toxin (2013)

SS1P is a recombinant immunotoxin composed of an antimesothelin Fv fragment fused to a truncated portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. SS1P targets and kills mesothelin-expressing tumors, which include mesothlioma as well as ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancers. SS1P is currently in clinical trials in mesothelioma. Because insulin acting through the insulin receptor is a survival factor for many cancer cell lines, we explored how lowering insulin receptor level would affect the cytotoxic action of SS1P. We show here that siRNA knockdown of the insulin receptor enhanced the cytotoxic action of native Pseudomonas exotoxin and enhanced SS1P toxicity on several human cell lines, but did not affect the response to other cytotoxic agents such as TRAIL, etoposide, and cycloheximide. To determine how insulin receptor knockdown enhances SS1P action, we analyzed various steps involved in cell killing. We found that insulin receptor knockdown increases the cleavage of SS1P by furin, which allows more toxin to reach the cytosol and inactivate elongation factor 2. These findings indicate that the insulin receptor negatively regulates immunotoxin action.
High-Temperature Chemistry in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: In Situ Optical Studies (2012)

Solid oxide fuels cells (SOFCs) are promising devices for versatile and efficient power generation with fuel flexibility, but their viability is contingent upon understanding chemical and material processes to improve their performance and durability. Newly developed in situ optical methods provide new insight into how carbon deposition varies with different hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels and depends on operating conditions. Some findings, such as heavier hydrocarbon fuels forming more carbon than lighter fuels, are expected, but other discoveries are surprising. For example, methanol shows a greater tendency to form carbon deposits than methane at temperatures below 800 °C, and kinetically controlled steam reforming with ethanol at high temperatures (∼800 °C) is less detrimental to SOFC performance than operating the device with dry methanol as the fuel. In situ optical techniques will continue to provide the chemical information and mechanistic insight that is critical for SOFCs to become a viable energy conversion technology.
LPS Challenge in D-galactosamine–Sensitized Mice Accounts for Caspase-dependent Fulminant Hepatitis, not for Septic Shock (1999)

Experimental models of sepsis using endotoxin challenges, including studies with sensitized animals with D-galactosamine, have largely contributed to the basic rationale for innovative clinical trials in human septic shock, which have, to date, failed. The ability of these models to reproduce human disease has been highly discussed. We report here that the widely used D-galactosamine/LPS model does not account for septic shock. Treatment with YVAD-CMK, a potent tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspases of the interleukin (IL)-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) family, protects from LPS-induced liver apoptosis and mortality in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice when administered either before or up to 2 h after the lethal challenge. This curative effect is related to complete inhibition of caspase-3 activity in the liver. However, YVAD-CMK does not affect LPS-induced release of IL-1beta and does not protect from a lethal dose of LPS in unsensitized mice. These experiments demonstrate the difference between these two widely recognized experimental models of sepsis. LPS toxicity in D-galactosamine-treated mice, leading to blocked gene transcription, results from tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced caspase-3-dependent liver injury, not from the systemic inflammatory response. These results provide evidence that inhibitors of the ICE caspase family can prevent or even overcome the ongoing hepatic injury induced by TNF-alpha during sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion, or severe hepatitis.
Keep your friends close (2009)

Large-scale distributed systems have dense, complex code-bases that are assumed to perform multiple and inter-dependent tasks while user interaction is present. The way users interact with systems can differ and evolve over time, as can the systems themselves. Consequently, anomaly detection (AD) sensors must be able to cope with updates to their operating environment. Otherwise, the sensor may incorrectly classify new patterns as malicious (a false positive) or assert that old or outdated patterns are normal (a false negative). This problem of "model drift" is an almost universally acknowledged hazard for anomaly sensors. However, relatively little work has been done to understand the process of identifying and seamlessly updating an operational network AD sensor with legal modifications like changes to a file system or back-end database.
Giant magnetoresistance and microstructural characteristics of epitaxial Fe-Ag and Co-Ag granular thin films (1994)

The microstructure and magnetic properties of phase-separated Fe-Ag and Co-Ag granular alloy films, grown epitaxially on (001) NaCl substrates and exhibiting giant magnetoresistance (GMR), have been investigated. Surprisingly, two Fe-Ag films of similar composition grown under identical conditions are found to have substantially different microstructures yet display similar GMR. The microstructure of the films is characterized by Fe-rich or Co-rich regions, respectively, 350–700 nm in extent, surrounded by a Ag-rich matrix. Within the Ag-rich regions, the Fe concentration varies from 20 to 25 at % and the Co concentration is ≂16 at %. Within these regions essentially pure fcc Co particles and bcc Fe particles are in parallel and rotated epitaxial alignment respectively with the fcc silver matrix. The Co and Fe particles are ≂15–25 Å in diameter. It is these small particles which most likely account for the giant magnetoresistance exhibited by these alloys. This suggests that a size distribution of magnetic particles, sharply peaked at the optimum size with limited bulk segregation, might give rise to larger GMR values.
Session 12 overview: Non-volatile memory solutions (2013)

Lists the sessions held at the conference proceedings.
Database Concepts (8th Edition) (2017)

For undergraduate database management students or business professionals Heres practical help for understanding, creating, and managing small databasesfrom two of the worlds leading database authorities. Database Concepts gives undergraduate database management students and business professionals alike a firm understanding of the concepts behind the software, using Access 2016 to illustrate the concepts and techniques. Three projects run throughout the text, to show students how to apply the concepts to real-life business situations. The text provides flexibility for choosing the software instructors want to use in class; allows students to work with new, complete databases, including Wedgewood Pacific, Heather Sweeney Designs, and Wallingford Motors; and includes coverage for some of the latest information on databases available. Teaching and Learning Experience This text will provide a better teaching and learning experiencefor you and your students. Here's how: Provides a firm understanding of the concepts behind the software Uses Access 2013 to illustrate the concepts and techniques while also providing flexibility to choose the software used in class Allows students to work with new, complete databases Includes coverage of some of the latest information available
A Convergent Approach to γ‐Carbonyl Vinyl Boronates. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Three Dimensional Quantitative Coronary Angiography Can Detect Reliably Ischemic Coronary Lesions Based on Fractional Flow Reserve (2015)

Conventional coronary angiography (CAG) has limitations in evaluating lesions producing ischemia. Three dimensional quantitative coronary angiography (3D-QCA) shows reconstructed images of CAG using computer based algorithm, the Cardio-op B system (Paieon Medical, Rosh Ha'ayin, Israel). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 3D-QCA can reliably predict ischemia assessed by myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) < 0.80. 3D-QCA images were reconstructed from CAG which also were evaluated with FFR to assess ischemia. Minimal luminal diameter (MLD), percent diameter stenosis (%DS), minimal luminal area (MLA), and percent area stenosis (%AS) were obtained. The results of 3D-QCA and FFR were compared. A total of 266 patients was enrolled for the present study. FFR for all lesions ranged from 0.57 to 1.00 (0.85 ± 0.09). Measurement of MLD, %DS, MLA, and %AS all were significantly correlated with FFR (r = 0.569, 0609, 0.569, 0.670, respectively, all P < 0.001). In lesions with MLA < 4.0 mm(2), %AS of more than 65.5% had a 80% sensitivity and a 83% specificity to predict FFR < 0.80 (area under curve, AUC was 0.878). 3D-QCA can reliably predict coronary lesions producing ischemia and may be used to guide therapeutic approach for coronary artery disease.
Investigation on Beamforming Control Methods in Base Station Cooperative Multiuser MIMO Using Block-Diagonalized Beamforming Matrix (2014)

This paper investigates a beamforming control method in base station (BS) cooperative multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission assuming a block-diagonalized unitary beamforming matrix. More specifically, we comprehensively compare open-loop type random (opportunistic) beamforming control to codebook-based closed-loop type beamforming control. The proportional fair (PF)-based scheduling is assumed, and the number of users, codebook size, and delay time of the feedback signal from the user terminals are taken into account in the comparison. Based on numerical results, codebook-based beamforming control with a large codebook size achieves higher system throughput than random beamforming when the number of users is small and the feedback delay time is short. However, we show that when the number of users is large and the feedback delay time is long, random beamforming achieves higher system-level throughput than codebook-based beamforming. This implies that the transmission-rate control with random beamforming is more robust against channel variation than that with codebook-based beamforming. These results suggest that random beamforming, which requires a lower feedback overhead than the codebook-based beamforming, is a promising beamforming strategy in future radio access.
Millimeter‐wave phase shifter based on waveguide‐mounted RF‐MEMS (2013)

Abstract A continuously variable transmission type W‐band phase shifter based on a single pole bandpass filter tuned by MEMS actuated fingers is reported. Tuning is achieved by means of two half‐wavelength long conductive fingers that synchronously rotate upwards in an antiparallel fashion. The fingers deflection results in a distributed variable shunt capacitance which in turn leads to a variable analog phase shift. For an applied DC bias voltage between 0 and 26 V, the transmission phase can be continuously varied up to 46.4° at a frequency of 106 GHz with an insertion loss of less than 3.4 dB. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:465–468, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27390
Isolation and Genetic Characterization of H5N2 Influenza Viruses from Pigs in Korea (2009)

ABSTRACT Due to dual susceptibility to both human and avian influenza A viruses, pigs are believed to be effective intermediate hosts for the spread and production of new viruses with pandemic potential. In early 2008, two swine H5N2 viruses were isolated from our routine swine surveillance in Korea. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of surface proteins revealed that the Sw/Korea/C12/08 and Sw/Korea/C13/08 viruses were derived from avian influenza viruses of the Eurasian lineage. However, although the Sw/Korea/C12/08 isolate is an entirely avian-like virus, the Sw/Korea/C13/08 isolate is an avian-swine-like reassortant with the PB2, PA, NP, and M genes coming from a 2006 Korean swine H3N1-like virus. The molecular characterization of the two viruses indicated an absence of significant mutations that could be associated with virulence or binding affinity. However, animal experiments showed that the reassortant Sw/Korea/C13/08 virus was more adapted and was more readily transmitted than the purely avian-like virus in a swine experimental model but not in ferrets. Furthermore, seroprevalence in swine sera from 2006 to 2008 suggested that avian H5 viruses have been infecting swine since 2006. Although there are no known potential clinical implications of the avian-swine reassortant virus for pathogenicity in pigs or other species, including humans, at present, the efficient transmissibility of the swine-adapted H5N2 virus could facilitate virus spread and could be a potential model for pandemic, highly pathogenic avian influenza (e.g., H5N1 and H7N7) virus outbreaks or a pandemic strain itself.
Domain Stability and Metal-Induced Folding of Calcium- and Integrin-Binding Protein 1 (2007)

It is widely accepted that a pair of EF-hands is the functional unit of typical four EF-hand proteins such as calmodulin or troponin C. In this work we investigate the structure and stability of the four EF-hand domains in the related protein calcium- and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) in the presence and absence of Mg2+ or Ca2+, to determine if similar EF-hand interactions occur. The backbone structure and flexibility of CIB1 were first studied by NMR spectroscopy, and these studies were complimented with steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy and chemical denaturation experiments using mutant CIB1 proteins having single Trp reporter groups in each of the four EF-hand domains EF-I (F34W), EF-II (F91W), EF-III (L128W), and EF-IV (F173W). We find that Mg2+-CIB1 adopts a well-folded structure similar to Ca2+-CIB1, except for some conformational heterogeneity in the C-terminal EF-IV domain. The structure of apo-CIB1 is significantly more dynamic, especially within EF-II, EF-III, and a partially unfolded EF-IV region, but the N-terminal EF-I region of apo-CIB1 has a well-ordered and more stable structure. The data reveal significant communication between the N- and C-lobes of CIB1, and show that transient intermediate conformations are formed along the unfolding pathway for each form of the protein. Collectively the data demonstrate that the communication between the paired EF-hand domains as well as between the N- and C-lobes of CIB1 is distinct from the ancestral proteins calmodulin and troponin C, which might be important for the unique function of CIB1 in numerous biological processes.