gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Intradiscal Pressure Response to Low-frequency Cyclic Loading. (1998)

Epidemiological studies have suggested that because of their frequent exposure to mechanical vibration, bus and truck drivers are especially susceptible to disc disorders. It has been reported that drivers of such vehicles are subjected to low-frequency vibration up to 6 Hz. The intervertebral disc regulates the viscoelastic properties of spinal segments. It is thought that the intradiscal pressure plays an important role in the mechanical response of a spinal segment to vibrations. While previous studies have made direct in vivo measurements of intradiscal pressure under static conditions, no data has been reported on intradiscal pressure response to vibration loading under either in vivo or ex vivo conditions. The present study was undertaken to measure the intradiscal pressure response to cyclic loading in a physiological saline solution simulating in vivo conditions. The effects of mean load, amplitude and frequency of cyclic loading on the intradiscal pressure response were investigated using calf lumbar spinal segments. The experiment employed mean loads of 20, 60, and 100 N with amplitudes of 10, 15, and 20 N and compared the low-frequency effects of 0.05, 0.5 and 5 Hz. The mean load was applied for 1 hour prior to the cyclic loading test in order to take the equilibrium intradiscal pressure into account. The relationships between load versus displacement. and load versus intradiscal pressure were found to be affected by the mean load and the frequency of cyclic loading.
Clinical, Epidemiological and Experimental Approaches to Assess Adverse Health Outcomes of Indoor Biomass Smoke Exposure: Conclusions from An Indo-Swedish Workshop in Mysuru, January 2020 (2020)

This report summarizes the outcome of a workshop held in Mysuru, India in January 2020 addressing the adverse health effects of exposure to biomass smoke (BMS). The aim of the workshop was to identify uncertainties and gaps in knowledge and possible methods to address them in the Mysuru study on Determinants of Health in Rural Adults (MUDHRA) cohort. Specific aims were to discuss the possibility to improve and introduce new screening methods for exposure and effect, logistic limitations and other potential obstacles, and plausible strategies to overcome these in future studies. Field visits were included in the workshop prior to discussing these issues. The workshop concluded that multi-disciplinary approaches to perform: (a) indoor and personalized exposure assessment; (b) clinical and epidemiological field studies among children, adolescents, and adults; (c) controlled exposure experiments using physiologically relevant in vitro and in vivo models to understand molecular patho-mechanisms are warranted to dissect BMS-induced adverse health effects. It was perceived that assessment of dietary exposure (like phytochemical index) may serve as an important indicator for understanding potential protective mechanisms. Well trained field teams and close collaboration with the participating hospital were identified as the key requirements to successfully carry out the study objectives.
Porous Two-Dimensional Monolayer Metal–Organic Framework Material and Its Use for the Size-Selective Separation of Nanoparticles (2017)

Rational bottom-up construction of two-dimensional (2D) covalent or noncovalent organic materials with precise structural control at the atomic or molecular level remains a challenge. The design and synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on new building blocks is of great significance in achieving new types of 2D monolayer MOF films. Here, we demonstrate that a complexation between copper(II) ions and tri(β-diketone) ligands yields a novel 2D MOF structure, either in the form of a powder or as a monolayer film. It has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared, Raman, ultraviolet-visible, X-ray photoelectron, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Selected area electron diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction results show that the MOF is crystalline and has a hexagonal structure. A MOF-based membrane has been prepared by vacuum filtration of an aqueous dispersion of the MOF powder onto a porous Anodisc filter having pore size 0.02 μm. The porous MOF membrane filters gold nanoparticles with a cutoff of ∼2.4 nm.
Characterization of conantokinRl‐A: molecular phylogeny as structure/function study (2010)

A multidisciplinary strategy for discovery of new Conus venom peptides combines molecular genetics and phylogenetics with peptide chemistry and neuropharmacology. Here we describe application of this approach to the conantokin family of conopeptides targeting NMDA receptors. A new conantokin from Conus rolani, ConRl-A, was identified using molecular phylogeny and subsequently synthesized and functionally characterized. ConRl-A is a 24-residue peptide containing three gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues with a number of unique sequence features compared to conantokins previously characterized. The HPLC elution of ConRl-A suggested that this peptide exists as two distinct, slowly exchanging conformers. ConRl-A is predominantly helical (estimated helicity of 50%), both in the presence and absence of Ca(++). The order of potency for blocking the four NMDA receptor subtypes by ConRl-A was NR2B > NR2D > NR2A > NR2C. This peptide has a greater discrimination between NR2B and NR2C than any other ligand reported so far. In summary, ConRl-A is a new member of the conantokin family that expands our understanding of structure/function of this group of peptidic ligands targeted to NMDA receptors. Thus, incorporating phylogeny in the discovery of novel ligands for the given family of ion channels or receptors is an efficient means of exploring the megadiverse group of peptides from the genus Conus.
Metabolism of Estradiol Fatty Acid Esters in Man* (1985)

Fatty acid esters of estradiol coupled at the C-17 position are naturally occurring metabolites of estradiol (E2). They have been recovered after incubation of E2 with human tissue and identified in human plasma. We investigated the primary metabolic transformation of E2, namely C-17 oxidation, of two representative fatty acid esters, in five normal subjects (four men and one woman), aged 25-55 yr, using a radiometric method. The transfer of tritium from the C-17 alpha position to tritium water after iv injection of free E2 was compared to that of E2-17 beta-stearate and E2-17 beta-arachidonate. Both esters were oxidized at the C-17 position to a greater extent than was free E2. In addition, the oxidation of the E2 fatty acid esters proceeded more slowly. Thus, the time necessary to reach half the maximal extent of reaction ranged from 30-45 min for the three E2-17 beta-arachidonate studies and from 2.5-4 h for the five E2-17 beta-stearate studies, while that for free E2 was less than 15 min in each instance. The disappearance of intact E2-17 beta-stearate from plasma after bolus injection was studied in two subjects (one of the five above and one additional subject). The t1/2 values calculated for the 0-60 min period were 24 and 16 min. The rate of disappearance E2-17 beta-stearate was slower than that of E2. The biological activity of E2 esters is thought to reside in their ability to be converted, by hydrolysis, to free E2. The E2 esters must undergo hydrolysis before the oxidation of free E2 to estrone can proceed. Since the oxidation reaction is extremely rapid, studying the rate of oxidation after injection of the E2 fatty acid esters provides an index of their in vivo hydrolysis and, thus, a measure of their subsequent biological activity as the free hormone. The unsaturated arachidonate ester of E2 was oxidized at a faster rate than the saturated stearate ester; this implies that the hydrolysis of the arachidonate ester was faster. Evidence of continuing oxidation of E2-17 beta-stearate at times well after its level in plasma markedly decreased indicates that the ester is removed from the circulation before its subsequent hydrolysis and oxidation. We conclude that in man, the C-17 oxidation of both E2-17 beta-arachidonate and E2-17 beta-stearate proceeds more slowly but to a greater extent than that of the free steroid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Modification of Opal Photonic Crystals Using Al2O3 Atomic Layer Deposition (2006)

Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) atomic layer deposition (ALD) on synthetic opal was explored as a model system to understand the growth of ALD films on photonic crystals. Al2O3 ALD was used to coat the silica spheres in synthetic opal with conformal Al2O3 films. Using Al2O3 ALD to modify the interstices of the opal allowed for the tuning of the position and intensity of the Bragg reflection from the opal structure. Numerical transfer matrix method (TMM) simulations were used to predict the optical effects from the modified photonic crystal. The TMM simulations assumed an ideal face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure with conformal Al2O3 ALD on all surfaces. The experimental Bragg wavelengths from the Al2O3-coated photonic crystals were observed to shift to longer wavelength versus Al2O3 ALD thickness before asymptotically reaching a limiting wavelength. This red shift was attributed to the higher effective refractive index produced when Al2O3 ALD coats the SiO2 spheres in the opal structure. The experimental and predicted Bragg wavelengths showed excellent agreement for thin Al2O3 ALD films. This agreement indicated that the Al2O3 ALD inside of the opal structure occurs conformally as assumed by the model. Differences between experiment and simulation were observed for high filling fractions of the opal structure. These discrepancies were attributed to a higher free volume in the opal structure than the free volume predicted by the fcc geometry. The reflectance of the Bragg peak also decreased versus Al2O3 ALD thickness. This reduction in intensity was attributed to the decrease in the refractive index difference between the SiO2 spheres and their surroundings.
Bands of Circumferential Remanent Magnetization Obtained by Sequential Application of Axial Fields and Torsion (2004)

Sequential application of adequate torsional stress, together with the axial field from a short encircling solenoid, is shown to result in a circumferential band wherein the remanent magnetization has a net circular orientation. The process allows for the creation of such bands in ferromagnetic shafts used in magnetoelastic torque transducers. Operation of the process is shown to be the result of domain orientations settling into a lowest energy distribution under the combined influences of magnetocrystalline anisotropy, stress anisotropy, and magnetostatic fields. Measurements on a sample shaft elucidate the operative parameters and demonstrate the efficacy of the process.
40-Gb/s Widely Tunable Transceivers (2007)

We present the first monolithic widely tunable 40-Gb/s transceivers. The devices integrate sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector (SG-DBR) lasers, quantum-well electroabsorption modulators (EAM), low-confinement semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), and uni-traveling carrier (UTC) photodiodes for state-of-the-art light generation, modulation, amplification, and detection. A relatively simple high-flexibility fabrication scheme combining quantum-well intermixing (QWI) and blanket metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) regrowth was used to integrate components with performance rivaling optimized discrete devices. The SG-DBR/EAM transmitters demonstrate 30 nm of tuning, 39-GHz bandwidth, low-drive voltage, and low power penalty 40-Gb/s transmission through 2.3 km of fiber. The SOA/UTC photodetector receivers provide 23-28 dB of gain, saturation powers up to 18.6 dBm, and -20.2 dBm of chip-coupled sensitivity at 40 Gb/s. By connecting the transmitters and receivers off-chip, we demonstrate 40-Gb/s wavelength conversion
Vitamin D insufficiency and cognitive impairment in Asians: a multi‐ethnic population‐based study and meta‐analysis (2016)

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with a greater likelihood of and more severe cognitive impairment in Asian populations.
Sustained high expression of Fcγ receptorII (CD32) on dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (2002)

Vascular changes are consistent early findings in patients with SSc and often precede the development of fibrosis. Despite a significant reduction in the capillary density, there is paradoxically no sufficient angiogenesis in the skin of SSc patients. By using a pO 2 histograph, we showed that low pO 2 values are overt in involved skin of patients with SSc. In vitro, real-time PCR revealed a 3.7-fold upregulation of the potent angiogenic growth factor VEGF in SSc fibroblasts after hypoxic exposure compared to normoxic controls. In situ hybridization for VEGF in skin biopsies of patients with SSc showed an overexpression of VEGF mRNA by fibroblasts and mononuclear infiltrates, whereas its expression was limited to keratinocytes in healthy control biopsies. In contrast to the SSc skin, HIF-1 alpha protein was found to be coexpressed with VEGF in healthy skin samples, indicating that the constitutive VEGF synthesis in the skin is driven by this transcription factor. Additionally, we showed that the lack of angiogenesis in SSc is not due to a reduced bioavailability of the overexpressed VEGF, since the VEGF receptors Flk-1 and Flt-1 were found to be expressed on endothelial cells of patients with SSc, but not in healthy controls, and since SSc patients had severely elevated serum levels of VEGF compared to healthy controls. Despite the enhanced levels of VEGF, serum samples of SSc patients did not induce angiogenesis in the vivo chorion allantois membrane assay, indicating that the proangiogenic effects of VEGF may be outweighed by angiostatic factors. The hypothesis that VEGF synthesis has to be above an individual threshold in SSc patients to induce angiogenesis was further strengthened by the finding that patients without fingertip ulcers had significantly higher levels than patients with fingertip ulcers. Interestingly, the angiostatic factor endostatin was elevated in a subset of patients and thus may counteract directly the bio-logic effects of VEGF in SSc patients. Serum levels of VEGF were also correlated significantly with disease severity parameters including antitopoisomerase antibodies. These results suggest that therapeutic application of VEGF by either gene transfer or as a recombinant protein might be a novel option in SSc.
Edge-states at the onset of a silicon trigate nanowire FET (2014)

We investigate the onset of the few-electron regime through the undoped channel of a silicon “trigate” nanowire FET [1]. Low-temperature conductance measurements together with self-consistent calculations reveal the formation of one-dimensional conduction modes localized at the two upper edges of the channel. This localization occurs from charge traps located in the gate dielectric, resulting in about 10 nm-long quantum dots. We observe single-electron tunneling across two parallel dots one in each channel edge. We find addition energies of a few tens of meV and level spacings of the order of 1meV, which we ascribe to the valley orbit splitting. Lifting the valley degeneracy leaves only a two-fold spin degenerate level, making edge quantum dots potentially promising candidates for silicon spin qubits.
Discrete-time current regulator design for AC machine drives (2009)

This paper analyzes the behavior of discrete-time current regulators for AC machines operating at high ratios of fundamental-to-sampling frequencies, a situation common for high speed automotive drives and large traction drives. At high ratios of fundamental-to-sampling frequencies, highly oscillatory, or unstable, response can occur if the current regulator design does not properly incorporate the effects of the discrete nature of the controller, including delays between the sampling of signals and the application of the voltage commands through pulse-width modulation (PWM). This paper investigates these issues for different design methods and current regulator topologies. As part of this investigation a simple discrete-time domain AC machine model is developed that includes the delays associated with PWM. This model is then used to design a discrete-time domain version of the complex vector PI current regulator that demonstrates improved response compared with the other regulators studied. Simulation and experimental results are provided to compare the performance, stability, and robustness of the current regulators analyzed.
Study of electrification of extreme ultraviolet lithography mask and adhesion of particles during electrostatic chucking (2011)

One of the critical issues for extreme ultraviolet lithography masks is particle-free mask handling. We report that the number of particle adders on the front side of a mask in a dual pod can be reduced to less than 0.01 particles/cycle (>46-nm polystyrene latex) during the process of starting from the load port to placing an electrostatic chuck (ESC) in vacuum. In addition, we find that chucking the mask on the ESC causes serious issues. One of these issues is whether the masks will be electrically charged by chucking the ESC and whether some particles will be added on the front side. We measure the electric potential of the back and front sides of the mask and examine the particle adders. We find that when the mask is electrically floated, potential on the front side of the mask increases during ESC chucking; when the mask is released from the ESC, it is electrically charged. This electrification causes adhesion of the particles. Our experiments show that to protect the mask from particles, the mask must be grounded throughout the entire process. For electrification, we confirm that a dual-pod system is effective in protecting the mask from particles.
DSP-CONTROLLED MULTIPHASE HYSTERETIC VRM WITH CURRENT SHARING EQUALIZATION (2005)

Many of the new high-speed high-integration density Integrated Circuits (ICs) and future generation of microprocessor powering requirements can be successfully achieved with voltage-mode hysteretic control applied to interleaved multiphase Point-of-Load (POL) DC–DC converters or Voltage Regulator Modules (VRMs). This is because of the several advantages that can be achieved by combining the advantages of hysteretic control and interleaving. However, there are several challenges in combining the two techniques, the most prominent being the current sharing and equalization between the interleaved phases. In this communication, we present a solution based on a real-time DSP controller. Challenges of the implementation will be discussed and experimental results obtained from a prototype will be presented.
Effect of a new phosphodiesterase type III inhibitor as a coronary vasodilator and positive inotropic agent (1987)

Isolated rabbit coronary arteries, aortic strips, and a working rabbit heart preparation were used to assess the positive inotropic and vasodilator effects of a newly developed positive inotropic compound, CI 914. The substance had a relaxing effect on histamine preconstricted coronary arteries and aortic strips. At concentrations of 10(-4) mol.litre-1 the relaxing effect on the coronary arteries was significant only at a histamine concentration of 3 x 10(-4) mol.litre-1 (p less than 0.01) whereas at a concentration of 10(-3) mol.litre-1 the relaxing effect was significant at histamine concentrations of from 3 x 10(-5) mol.litre-1 to 3 x 10(-4) mol.litre-1. Aortic strips were more sensitive to the relaxing effect of CI 914, which was significant with 10(-4) mol.litre-1 at histamine concentrations of 3 x 10(-6) to 3 x 10(-4) (p less than 0.05 to p less than 0.01). In the isolated working heart preparation topically sprayed histamine significantly increased total and large coronary artery resistances (p less than 0.001 and p less than .01). This effect was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02) when CI 914 10(-4) mol.litre-1 was present in the perfusion fluid. These findings show that the phosphodiesterase inhibitor CI 914, a positive inotropic agent, induces vasodilation in isolated coronary arteries and aortic strips of the rabbit and reduces the constriction of coronary arteries induced by histamine in the isolated working rabbit heart preparation.
Electrocortical (EEG) correlates of music and states of consciousness (2007)

The study of the perception of music is a paramount example of multidisciplinary research. In spite of a lot of theoretical and experimental efforts to understand musical processing, attempts to localize musical abilities in particular brain regions were largely unsuccessful, save for the difference between musicians and non musicians, especially in hemispheric specialization and in EEG correlational dimensions. Having in mind that human emotional response to music and to art in general is limbic dependent, this motivated us to address our question to a similar possible neurobiological origin of musicogenic altered states of consciousness and its possible EEG correlates, “resonantly” induced by deep spiritual music. For example, as in sound-induced altered states of consciousness cultivated in some Eastern yogic practices. The musicogenic states of consciousness are evaluated within a group of 6 adults, upon the influence of 4 types of spiritual music. The most prominent changes in theta or alpha frequency bands were induced in two subjects, upon the influence of Indian spiritual music, Bhajan.
Detecting and Characterizing A-To-I microRNA Editing in Cancer (2021)

Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) editing consists of an RNA modification where single adenosines along the RNA sequence are converted into inosines. Such a biochemical transformation is catalyzed by enzymes belonging to the family of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) and occurs either co- or post-transcriptionally. The employment of powerful, high-throughput detection methods has recently revealed that A-to-I editing widely occurs in non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are a class of small regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) acting as translation inhibitors, known to exert relevant roles in controlling cell cycle, proliferation, and cancer development. Indeed, a growing number of recent researches have evidenced the importance of miRNA editing in cancer biology by exploiting various detection and validation methods. Herein, we briefly overview early and currently available A-to-I miRNA editing detection and validation methods and discuss the significance of A-to-I miRNA editing in human cancer.
Use of the Collagen Gel Droplet Embedded Drug Sensitivity Test to Determine Drug Sensitivity against Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma with Malignant Transformation to Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report (2007)

The CD-DST may be particularly useful for selecting preoperative chemotherapeutic drugs for patients with ovarian cancer in which the histological type of the primary tumor is unknown.