gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth promotion of transfected hepatoma cells by liver fatty acid binding protein (1993)

Former studies have linked hepatocyte growth with liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) of rat liver cytosol. In search for the roles of L-FABP in hepatocytes, we previously stably transfected rat L-FABP sense and antisense cDNAs into rat hepatoma HTC cells that do not contain L-FABP RNA or protein, thereby providing a zero-background, homologous cell model of L-FABP-expression suitable for controlled studies of its intracellular functions in hepatocyte-derived cells. The present study demonstrates the abilities of L-FABP to promote DNA synthesis and cell growth, preserve cell morphology, extend survival, and act cooperatively with unsaturated fatty acids in the transfected hepatoma cells in the absence of serum. Following removal of serum, the three control L-FABP-nonexpressing cell lines increased in cell lines increased in cell number for 24 hr and thereafter declined, whereas the three L-FABP-expressing cell lines exhibited a 39% higher rate of DNA synthesis per cell at 24 hr and grew in cell number for 48 hr. As a result, at 72 hr there were 2.5-fold (avg.) as many L-FABP-expressing cells than L-FABP-nonexpressing cells. In addition, the L-FABP-expressing cells retained their original polygonal morphology at 48 hr, when in contrast most of the control nonexpressing cells were spherical in shape with membrane blebs. In an effort to identify the agonists that collaborate with L-FABP in the growth promotion and preservation of cell morphology, various free fatty acids were examined at 48 hr for their ability to eliminate the differences in behavior of the two cell types in the serum-free medium. The unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (18:1 omega 9), linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6), alpha-linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3), and arachidonic acid (20:4 omega 6), at 1 microM markedly elevated the level of DNA synthesis in the more depressed control L-FABP-nonexpressing cells and moderately raised it in the less depressed L-FABP-expressing cells. In accord, the control L-FABP-nonexpressing cells needed 10(-6)-10(-5) M linoleic acid to achieve the extent of DNA synthesis attained by the expressing cells in the absence of added fatty acid. At 10 microM linoleic acid, their levels of DNA synthesis were equal. In contrast, five saturated fatty acids had no detectable effect on DNA synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor: does it play a role in vivo and is it involved in the regulation of vascular tone only? (2000)

Several investigations performed in vitro have shown that vascular endothelia can release diffusible compounds capable of inducing hyperpolarization of the smooth muscle fibers. Experiments in vitro have shown that these compounds can cause coronary vasodilation and alter cardiac performance. Experiments in vivo only showed the occurrence of vasodilation. While it has been shown that the release of these endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) is not impaired by the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase, the precise nature of the compound(s) has not yet been identified. It is possible that they vary depending on the organ and animal species. However, a common feature of the activity of EDHFs is the activation of calcium-dependent potassium channels, inhibitable by charybdotoxin and apamin. Furthermore in the coronary circulation of many species EDHF seems to be a cytochrome P450-dependent non-prostanoid metabolite of arachidonic acid activated by a number of chemical and physical stimuli similar to those which are known to activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Using compounds which inhibit cytochrome P450 and blockers of the calcium-dependent potassium channels, researchers can study the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of EDHF in vivo thus disclosing the potential therapeutic applications of the basic knowledge in this field.
A Security Credential Management System for V2X Communications (2018)

The U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) issued a proposed rule on January 12, 2017 to mandate vehicle-to-vehicle safety communications in light vehicles in the U.S. Cybersecurity and privacy are major challenges for such a deployment. We present a Security Credential Management System (SCMS) for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications in this paper, which has been developed by the Crash Avoidance Metrics Partners LLC under a cooperative agreement with the USDOT. This system design is currently transitioning from research to proof-of-concept and is a leading candidate to support the establishment of a nationwide Public Key Infrastructure for V2X security. It issues digital certificates to participating vehicles and infrastructure devices for trustworthy communications among them, which is necessary for safety and mobility applications that are based on V2X communications. The SCMS supports four main use cases, namely, bootstrapping, certificate provisioning, misbehavior reporting, and revocation. The main design goal is to provide both security and privacy to the largest extent reasonable and possible. To achieve a reasonable level of privacy in this context, vehicles are issued pseudonym certificates, and the generation and provisioning of those certificates are divided among multiple organizations. Given the large number of pseudonym certificates per vehicle, one of the main challenges is to facilitate efficient revocation of misbehaving or malfunctioning vehicles, while preserving privacy against attacks from insiders. The proposed SCMS supports all identified V2X use-cases and certificate types necessary for V2X communication security. This paper is based upon work supported by the USDOT. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors (“we”) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the USDOT.
LC-MS Analysis of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Oligonucleotides (2002)

Synthetic oligonucleotides are utilized for diagnostic as well therapeutic purposes (antisense drugs). Synthesis of chemically modified oligonucleotides is challenging and often results in a product of limited purity [1,2]. An LC-MS method has been developed for the characterization of oligonucleotide-based drugs and diagnostic probes [3]. The method was utilized for analysis of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides, dually labeled probes and native oligonucleotides. LC-MS is useful for nucleic acids analysis [4,5]. We used an optimized LC-MS system (see Methods) for analysis of synthetic oligonucleotides and their failure products. Phosphorothioate as well as guanidine-rich antisense oligonucleotide drugs are known to be particularly difficult to analyze [6]. Due to the chaotropic proper t ies of t r ie th ly laminehexafluoroisopropanol (TEA-HFIP) buffers, we were able to successfully separate <60mer antisense oligonucleotides [3] and identify the failure oligonucleotides in a drug form. Guidelines for column selection and optimization of mobile phase composition are discussed. The ionpair reversed-phase HPLC separation benefits from the use of 2.5 μm sorbent and elevated temperature. The separation performance was equivalent or better than ion-exchange HPLC and in some cases rivaled capillary gel electrophoresis separation. Using a 50 x 1 mm XTerra column, we were able to obtain molecular weight confirmation for ~ 1-10 pmole of oligonucleotides injected.
How Does Podocyte Damage Result in Tubular Damage? (1999)

Severe podocyte damage including detachment from the GBM leads to adhesion of the glomerular tuft to Bowman's capsule, thus to a local loss of the separation of the tuft from the interstitium. Perfused capillaries contained in the tuft adhesion deliver their filtrate no longer into Bowman's space but into the interstitium. In response, interstitial fibroblasts create a cellular cover around the focus of misdirected filtration, interpreted teleologically, aiming at preventing the entry of this fluid into the interstitium. This results in the formation of a crescent-shaped, fluid-filled paraglomerular space overarching the segmental glomerular lesion. Extension of this space over the entire glomerulus leads to global sclerosis; extension of this space via the urinary pole onto the outer aspect of the corresponding tubule leads to the degeneration of the tubule. Since, as we postulate, such misdirected filtration and filtrate spreading is the crucial mechanism of damage progression in 'classic' focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), the most characteristic structural injury of FSGS is the merger of the tuft with the interstitium, represented by a tuft adhesion, later a synechia. Therefore, histopathologically, 'classic' FSGS is best defined by an adhesion/synechia of the tuft to Bowman's capsule.
(Invited) Manufacturing of Ultra Thin SOI (2013)

Devices using fully depleted undoped channels are among the most promising candidates for the next device generations due to their better immunity to short channel effects (SCE) (1) and to random dopant fluctuation. Channel engineering and control are then critical as silicon thickness fluctuation is a statistical source of VT variability and strained channels provide 47% increase in the drive current for NFETs (2) without any degradation for PFETs (3). SOI substrates from Soitec provide a complete set of manufacturing solutions either for planar or three-dimensional (FinFET) devices as they pre-integrate critical characteristics of the transistors within the wafer structure itself. Substrate robustness and readiness have been demonstrated. For planar devices the SOI thickness uniformity is controlled at +/-5A (6sigma value, all sites, all wafers) in high volume manufacturing mode. For three-dimensional devices, substrate requirements are extremely close to partially depleted ones which are in high volume manufacturing for more than 7 years.
Formation and structural observation of cesium encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: bright-field STEM images and their corresponding Z-contrast images composed of Cs inside filled and outside doped SWNTs are given. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b210079g/ (2002)

Cesium encapsulation inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is for the first time realized by ion irradiation of SWNTs immersed in a magnetized alkali-metal plasma, the configuration of which is confirmed to comprise three varieties by field emission type transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) observation.
Functional modeling of NMIHBA-causing PRUNE1 variants reveals a requirement for its exopolyphosphatase activity (2020)

Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies (NMIHBA) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder characterized by global developmental delay and severe intellectual disability. Microcephaly, progressive cortical atrophy, cerebellar hypoplasia and delayed myelination are neurological hallmarks in affected individuals. NMIHBA is caused by biallelic variants in PRUNE1 encoding prune exopolyphosphatase 1. We provide in-depth clinical description of two affected siblings harboring compound heterozygous variant alleles, c.383G&gt;A (p.Arg128Gln), c.520G&gt;T (p.Gly174*) in PRUNE1 . To gain insights into disease biology, we biochemically characterized missense variants within the conserved N-terminal aspartic acid-histidine-histidine (DHH) motif and provide evidence that they result in the destabilization of protein structure and/or loss of exopolyphosphatase activity. Genetic ablation of Prune1 results in midgestational lethality in mice, associated with perturbations to embryonic growth and vascular development. Our findings suggest that NMIHBA results from hypomorphic variant alleles in humans and underscore the potential key role of PRUNE1 exopolyphoshatase activity in neurodevelopment.
Anterior Release and Fusion in Pediatric Spinal Deformity (1997)

The thoracoscopic technique is a safe and effective alternative to open thoracotomy in the approach to the anterior thoracic spine for the treatment of pediatric and adolescent spinal deformity.
Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells over a Broad Temperature Window: The Role of the Charge Carrier Extraction (2017)

Abstract The mechanism behind the temperature dependence of the device performance in hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is investigated systematically. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the reference cell using [60]PCBM as electron extraction layer (EEL) drops significantly from 11.9% at 295 K to 7% at 180 K. The deteriorated charge carrier extraction is found as the dominant factor causing this degradation. Temperature dependent spectroscopy and charge transport studies demonstrate that the poor electron transport in the [60]PCBM EEL at low temperature leads to inefficient charge carrier extraction. It is further demonstrated that the n‐type doping of [60]PCBM EEL or the use of an EEL (fulleropyrrolidine with a triethylene glycol monoethyl ether side chain) with higher electron transport capability is an effective strategy to achieve HPSCs working efficiently over a broad temperature range. The devices fabricated with these highly performing EELs have PCEs at 180 K of 16.7% and 18.2%, respectively. These results support the idea that the temperature dependence of the electron transport in the EELs limits the device performance in HPSCs, especially at lower temperatures and they also give directions toward further improvement of the PCE of HPSCs at realistic operating temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: A SHORT AND EFFICIENT TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.) PROSTAGLANDIN D2 METHYL ESTER INVOLVING A NEW METHOD FOR THE CLEAVAGE OF A DIMETHYL‐TERT‐BUTYLSILYL ETHER (1981)

Abstract Die Darstellung der racemischen Titelverbindung (Va) neben dem racemischen 15‐epi‐ Prostaglandin Dz‐methylester (Vb) erfolgt in einem mehrstufigen Prozeß ausgehend vom Bicycloheptanon (I).
A Tetraguanidinium Ligand Binds to the Surface of the Tetramerization Domain of Protein P53 (2003)

A key therapeutic target in the fight against cancer, the tetramerization domain of the tumor suppressor protein P53 binds a tetraguanidinium ligand at its surface. A specific interaction involving four salt bridges was detected by two NMR-based techniques (see figure). The design of protein-surface ligands is a major challenge because of competition between the ligand and water molecules.
Novel Soft-Punch-Through (SPT) 1700V IGBT Sets Benchmark on Technology Curve (2001)

Abstract: Following fast on the successful market introduction of the 1200V Soft-Punch-Through (SPT) IGBT range, ABB Semiconductors introduces the 1700V SPT IGBT line-up. In this paper, we demonstrate that the new 1700V SPT IGBT achieves the same desirable characteristics as the successful 1200V SPT generation. The results presented here show that despite the low on-state and switching losses of 1700V SPT IGBT, high levels of short circuit withstand capability and switching ruggedness have been realized. In addition, the unique Soft-Punch-Through structure achieves low levels of EMI. In parallel to the 1700V SPT IGBT, a new fast and soft recovery 1700V diode has been developed with very low reverse recovery losses and high ruggedness under all operating conditions. Both the 1700V IGBT and diode exhibit positive temperature coefficients for the forward voltage drop at nominal currents, making them ideally suited for safe parallel operation in high current modules. The new chip set will be introduced in the standard LoPak module range.
A Novel Transonic Fan Swept Outlet Guide Vane Using 3D Design Optimization (2014)

In our previous work on a transonic fan swept outlet guide vane (OGV) for a small turbofan engine (GT2011-46363), we showed a novel oscillatory casing profile that leads to approximately 20% loss reduction, using a numerical design optimization method. In this paper we analyze the resulting geometry of an optimization based on a blade representation which is able to realize significantly larger surface modifications. The final optimized design displays a novel blade geometry that has its maximum blade thickness at around 80% blade chord (located between the blade’s mid-chord and trailing edge) especially in the mid-span region. The flow physics explaining why this blade geometry without the oscillatory casing profile has the same loss reduction level of more than 20% at the peak efficiency point are discussed, focusing on the secondary flow and span-wise static pressure gradient on the blade suction side.
Transmission and re-infection of Omicron variant XBB.1.5 in hamsters (2023)

This research is supported by grants from the Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis and Transmission (CRIPT; 75N93021C00014), funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and by a Research Program on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases (JP21fk0108552 and JP21fk0108615), a Project Promoting Support for Drug Discovery (JP21nf0101632), the Japan Program for Infectious Diseases Research and Infrastructure (JP22wm0125002), and The University of Tokyo Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA) grant (JP223fa627001) from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.
Pancreatic cancers rely on a novel glutamine metabolism pathway to maintain redox balance (2013)

In order for a cell to dupli-cate, it must double its genome, protein content and lipid mass. This process requires energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. However, unlike ATP, the amount of NADPH required for biosyn-thesis is much greater than that needed for homeostasis, which makes the genera-tion of NADPH rate limiting for cellular proliferation. NADPH is used for both macromolecular biosynthesis (e.g., lipids and deoxynucleotide triphosphates) and the maintenance of a reduced intracellular environment.
Rare copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: Specific phenotype or not? (2012)

From a number of genome-wide association studies it was shown that de novo and/or rare copy number variants (CNVs) are found at an increased frequency in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study we examined the prevalence of CNVs in six genomic regions (1q21.1, 2p16.3, 3q29, 15q11.2, 15q13.3, and 16p11.2) previously implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. Hereto, a cohort of four neuropsychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and intellectual disability) and control individuals from three different populations was used in combination with Multilpex Amplicon Quantifiaction (MAQ) assays, capable of high resolution (kb range) and custom-tailored CNV detection. Our results confirm the etiological candidacy of the six selected CNV regions for neuropsychiatric diseases. It is possible that CNVs in these regions can result in disturbed brain development and in this way lead to an increased susceptibility for different neuropsychiatric disorders, dependent on additional genetic and environmental factors. Our results also suggest that the neurodevelopmental component is larger in the etiology of schizophrenia and intellectual disability than in mood disorders. Finally, our data suggest that deletions are in general more pathogenic than duplications. Given the high frequency of the examined CNVs (1-2%) in patients of different neuropsychiatric disorders, screening of large cohorts with an affordable and feasible method like the MAQ assays used in this study is likely to result in important progress in unraveling the genetic factors leading to an increased susceptibility for several psychiatric disorders.
Fast and highly stabilized protocrystalline silicon multilayer solar cell (2003)

We have investigated a pin-type protocrystalline silicon (pc-Si:H) multilayer solar cell fabricated by employing a silicon-carbide double p layer structure and a layered structure of multilayer processing through alternate H/sub 2/ dilution. We find that its initial conversion efficiency is drastically improved by incorporating a hydrogenated boron-doped nanocrystalline silicon-carbide (p-nc-SiC:H) buffer layer at the p/i interface. Remarkably, the pc-Si:H multilayer absorber exhibits a superior light-soaked metastability to the conventional amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) absorber. Therefore, we have successfully achieved a highly stabilized efficiency of 9.0% without using any back reflector.
Fabrication of Coaxial Nanocable Array Using Anodic Porous Alumina (2016)

【はじめに】同軸ナノケーブルによれば,導波管を用いた場合と比較して広い波長帯域での光伝 搬が可能となる.我々はこれまでに,陽極酸化ポーラスアルミナを出発構造とした Au または Ag からなる幾何形状の制御された同軸ナノケーブルの作製、およびその光学特性に関して報告を行 ってきた[1,2].本報告では,より効率的な光伝搬を可能にする同軸ナノケーブルの作製を目指し Al を導体とした同軸ナノケーブルの形成に関して検討を行なった結果について報告する. 【実験】高純度 Al を適切な条件下で陽極酸化することでポーラスアルミナを作製した.ポーラス アルミナを鋳型として作製した PMMA ピラーアレーに,Au もしくは Al を電析することで金属ナノ ホールアレー(外部導体)を形成した.その後,表面ゾルゲル法により金属ナノホールアレーの表面 に SiO2層を形成し,ナノ細孔中に電析により Al を充填後、両面を研磨することで同軸ナノケー ブルを得た.作製した試料は走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて観察した.光学特性は分光光度計を 用いて測定した. 【結果および考察】図 1(a),(b)に作製した同軸ナノケーブルアレーの SEM 観察像の低倍像と高倍 像を示す.図1(a)より,同軸構造が広い領域において規則的に配列している様子が観察された. 図 1(b)より,外部導体である Au ナノホールアレーと,内部導体である Al ナノワイヤー,および誘電 体である SiO2層で構成された同軸ナノケーブルが形成されている様子が観察された.同軸ナノケ ーブルの配列間隔は 500 nm,開口直径は 230nm,ナノワイヤー径は 160 nm であった.図 2 には, 内部導体がAuもしくはAlの場合の同軸ナノケーブルアレーの透過スペクトルの測定結果を示す. 内部導体が Al の場合,Au の場合と比較して可視光波長域において高い透過率を示す様子が観察 された.
Mechanical Actuation Using Solid State Electrochemistry (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Antibodies to the costimulatory molecule CD86 interfere with ultraviolet radiation‐induced immune suppression (1998)

Although almost all of the energy contained within the ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of solar radiation is absorbed within the epidermis and upper layers of the dermis, UV irradiation can suppress the immune response to antigens introduced at distant, non-irradiated body sites. The production of immune modulatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), by UV-irradiated keratinocytes and its effect on T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2-cell balance are thought to play a major role in the induction of systemic immune suppression. Because it is suggested that costimulatory molecules, such as CD80 and CD86, differentially stimulate Th1 and Th2 cells we wished to investigate the role of these costimulatory molecules in the activation of immune suppression. We injected UV-irradiated mice with monoclonal antibodies to CD80 and CD86 and asked what effect, if any, this would have on UV-induced immune suppression. Anti-CD86, but not anti-CD80 or control rat IgG, blocked UV-induced immune suppression. Moreover, monoclonal anti-CD86 blocked the induction of suppressor T cells normally found in the spleens of the UV-irradiated mice. Monoclonal anti-CD86 also reversed the UV-induced impairment of systemic antigen-presenting cell function. IL-10 was detectable in the serum of UV-irradiated mice as compared with normal controls, and injecting UV-irradiated mice with anti-CD86, but not anti-CD80 or control rat IgG, blocked the secretion of IL-10 into the serum. We propose that UV exposure favours costimulation by CD86, which enhances the production of serum IL-10, thus suppressing Th1-cell-mediated immune reactions.