gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose‐Dependent Carbon‐Dot‐Induced ROS Promote Uveal Melanoma Cell Tumorigenicity via Activation of mTOR Signaling and Glutamine Metabolism (2021)

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in adults and has a low survival rate following metastasis; it is derived from melanocytes susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carbon dot (Cdot) nanoparticles are a promising tool in cancer detection and therapy due to their unique photophysical properties, low cytotoxicity, and efficient ROS productivity. However, the effects of Cdots on tumor metabolism and growth are not well characterized. Here, the effects of Cdots on UM cell metabolomics, growth, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity are investigated in vitro and in vivo zebrafish and nude mouse xenograft model. Cdots dose-dependently increase ROS levels in UM cells. At Cdots concentrations below 100 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>, Cdot-induced ROS promote UM cell growth, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity; at 200 µg mL<sup>-1</sup>, UM cells undergo apoptosis. The addition of antioxidants reverses the protumorigenic effects of Cdots. Cdots at 25-100 µg mL<sup>-1</sup> activate Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and enhance glutamine metabolism, generating a cascade that promotes UM cell growth. These results demonstrate that moderate, subapoptotic doses of Cdots can promote UM cell tumorigenicity. This study lays the foundation for the rational application of ROS-producing nanoparticles in tumor imaging and therapy.
Design of High-Performance Solid Electrolytes Guided By Crystal Structure Characterization and Understanding (2022)

Solid electrolyte is the key component in all-solid-state-batteries that is currently limiting the commercialization of this technology. An ideal solid electrolyte should have high room temperature ionic conductivity, low electronic conductivity, good compatibility with both cathode and anode, good mechanical properties, high air and moisture stability and low manufacture cost. Among these requirements, the improvement of ionic conductivity is prioritized as the conductivity of most existing solid electrolyte is still much lower than that of conventional liquid electrolyte. The improvement of ionic conductivity and design and development of solid electrolyte materials are closely related to our understanding on the ionic diffusion mechanism in solids and the structure-property relationship. We believe that rational design of high-performance solid electrolyte should start from careful characterization and good understanding of the crystal structure. Here we report the crystal structure characterization on sulfides and halide solid electrolytes and the design and development of novel solid electrolytes based on our findings in structural characterizations. Ex situ high resolution synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and pair distribution function analysis are used to understand the crystal structures in great details. In situ X-ray diffraction for different synthesis methods is coupled with variable temperature electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to understand the structure-property relationship in the solid electrolytes. The design, synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of several solid electrolytes will be presented and discussed.
Characterization and Localization of Glutathione‐S‐Transferases in Rat Brain and Binding of Hormones, Neurotransmitters, and Drugs (1988)

Rat brain glutathione-S-transferases are rich in Yb type subunits with major RNA transcripts coding for a relatively uncommon Yb3 form. The Yb-containing isoenzymes of brain cytosol bind glucocorticoids and are covalently labeled with dexamethasone 21-methanesulfonate. Certain neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs, such as serotonin, dopamine, glucocorticoids, thyroxine, apomorphine, and benzodiazepine derivatives, are effective inhibitors of brain glutathione transferase activity. Immunocytochemical studies show that Yb forms are localized in ependymal cells, subventricular zone cells, astrocytes, tanycytes, and astrocyte foot processes on blood vessels, but Yb was not detected in oligodendrocytes or neurons. Based on their localization and binding properties, brain glutathione-S-transferases have the potential to function in intracellular binding of a variety of compounds and thereby govern their uptake and release in brain, transport to neurons, as well as in their detoxification.
Intrafollicular Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Important for Luteinizing Hormone-Induced Oocyte Meiotic Resumption (2023)

It has been clear that retinoic acid (RA), the most active vitamin A (VA) derivative, plays a central role in governing oocyte meiosis initiation. However, it has not been functionally determined if RA participates in luteinizing hormone (LH)-induced resumption from long-lasting oocyte meiotic arrest, which is essential for haploid oocyte formation. In the present study, using well-established in vivo and in vitro models, we identified that intrafollicular RA signaling is important for normal oocyte meiotic resumption. A mechanistic study indicated that mural granulosa cells (MGCs) are the indispensable follicular compartment for RA-prompted meiotic resumption. Moreover, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is essential for mediating RA signaling to regulate meiotic resumption. Furthermore, we found zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36) is the transcriptional target of RAR. Both RA signaling and epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling were activated in MGCs in response to LH surge, and two intrafollicular signalings cooperate to induce rapid <i>Zfp36</i> upregulation and <i>Nppc</i> mRNA decrease, which is critical to LH-induced meiotic resumption. These findings extend our understanding of the role of RA in oocyte meiosis: RA not only governs meiotic initiation but also regulates LH-induced meiotic resumption. We also emphasize the importance of LH-induced metabolic changes in MGCs in this process.
Engineering soya bean seeds as a scalable platform to produce cyanovirin‐N, a non‐ARV microbicide against HIV (2015)

There is an urgent need to provide effective anti-HIV microbicides to resource-poor areas worldwide. Some of the most promising microbicide candidates are biotherapeutics targeting viral entry. To provide biotherapeutics to poorer areas, it is vital to reduce the cost. Here, we report the production of biologically active recombinant cyanovirin-N (rCV-N), an antiviral protein, in genetically engineered soya bean seeds. Pure, biologically active rCV-N was isolated with a yield of 350 μg/g of dry seed weight. The observed amino acid sequence of rCV-N matched the expected sequence of native CV-N, as did the mass of rCV-N (11 009 Da). Purified rCV-N from soya is active in anti-HIV assays with an EC50 of 0.82-2.7 nM (compared to 0.45-1.8 nM for E. coli-produced CV-N). Standard industrial processing of soya bean seeds to harvest soya bean oil does not diminish the antiviral activity of recovered rCV-N, allowing the use of industrial soya bean processing to generate both soya bean oil and a recombinant protein for anti-HIV microbicide development.
Mesoscopic Microwave Dispersion in Ferroelectric Thin Films (2000)

The microwave dielectric response of a ferroelectric thin film is measured locally using time-resolved confocal scanning optical microscopy. Measurements performed on an ensemble of nanometer-scale regions show a well-defined phase shift between the paraelectric and ferroelectric response at 2-4 GHz. Application of a static electric field produces large local variations in the phase of the ferroelectric response. These variations are attributed to the growth of in-plane ferroelectric nanodomains whose size-dependent relaxation frequencies lead to strong dielectric dispersion at mesoscopic scales.
Breath-hold High-resolution T1-weighted Gradient Echo Liver MR Imaging with Compressed Sensing Obtained during the Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced Hepatobiliary Phase: Image Quality and Lesion Visibility Compared with a Standard T1-weighted Sequence (2023)

BH HR HBP imaging with CS provided an improved overall image quality, lesion conspicuity, and CE-MRC visualization when compared with standard HBP imaging without extending the acquisition time.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of rare gas dimers revisited: Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectrum of argon dimer (1993)

Photoelectron spectra of rare gas dimers Ar2, Kr2, and Xe2 have been measured using the He i radiation at 584 A with a resolution of 13 meV. All the six ionic states in the He i region have been resolved for the first time, including some of the purely repulsive states. Ionization energies are presented to an accuracy ≤0.003 eV. Dissociation energies (D0) of the ionic states are calculated using the best estimate adiabatic ionization energies. The D 2Σ1/2g+ states of all the dimers are weakly bound, contrary to an earlier theoretical prediction. Part of the vibrational structure of two of the electronic states of Ar2 has been resolved. For the A 2Σ1/2u+ state, as many as 14 vibrational excitations are observed. These excitations are assigned to transitions to the higher vibrational levels of v=32–45. For the B 2Π3/2g state, three vibrational structures are resolved and are assigned to v=2–4 of the ionic state. Accurate values of the spectroscopic constants of these states are presented. The present values are compared with the values available in the literature. The De values for the A 2Σ1/2u+ and the B 2Π3/2g states are estimated to be 1.361 and 0.104 eV, respectively.
Combinatorial aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition of a photocatalytic mixed SnO2/TiO2 thin film (2014)

A mixed phase TiO<sub>2</sub> and SnO<sub>2</sub> film was deposited by combinatorial aerosol assisted CVD and composition was related to photocatalysis, hydrophobicity and microstructure not inherent to TiO<sub>2</sub> or SnO<sub>2</sub>.
Diesel EGR Cooler Fouling at Freeway Cruise (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is effective in the reduction of in-cylinder formation of oxides of nitrogen (NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;). However, at conventional in-cylinder high temperature diesel combustion high load operating conditions, the engine-out exhaust emissions of particulate matter, which consists of smoke, soot and soluble organic fraction, tend to increase. As the EGR is applied at medium to high loads, therefore, the small carbonaceous particles and heavy hydrocarbons can deposit on the cool surfaces of EGR coolers mainly through a complex combination of thermophoresis, condensation, diffusion and turbulent impaction. Consequently, an insulation layer develops on the cooler surfaces and deteriorates EGR cooler function. As the deposits build up, the cooler effectiveness decreases and pressure drop increases thereby increasing the intake charge temperature. Consequently, the in-cylinder formation of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; increases. In the present study, two commercially available “fin-type” EGR coolers of differing size and design configuration were aged at freeway cruise operating conditions and the performance compared to that of a more traditional “shell-and-tube” EGR cooler. Using a modern V8 turbocharged, direct-injection common-rail diesel engine coupled to a dynamometer, raw EGR was applied for a specified time followed by a 30 minute shut down. This sequence was repeated until the EGR coolers attained an accumulated run-time of 50 hours. The cooler effectiveness, pressure drop and recovery characteristics, EGR flow rate and engine-out NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, Carbon Monoxide, smoke and total hydrocarbons were investigated.&lt;/div&gt;
The Major Specificity-Determining Amino Acids of the Tomato Cf-9 Disease Resistance Protein Are at Hypervariable Solvent-Exposed Positions in the Central Leucine-Rich Repeats (2009)

The interaction between tomato and the leaf mold pathogen Cladosporium fulvum is controlled in a gene-for-gene manner by plant Cf genes that encode membrane-anchored extracytoplasmic leucine-rich repeat (LRR) glycoproteins, which confer recognition of their cognate fungal avirulence (Avr) proteins. Cf-9 and Cf-4 are two such proteins that are 91% identical yet recognize the sequence-unrelated fungal avirulence determinants Avr9 and Avr4, respectively. As shown previously, Cf-4 specificity is determined by three putative solvent-exposed residues in the central LRR and a deletion of two LRR relative to Cf-9. In this study, we focused on identifying the specificity determinants of Cf-9. We generated chimeras between Cf-9 and its close homologue Cf-9B and identified five amino acid residues that constitute major specificity determinants of Cf-9. Introduction of these residues into Cf-9B allowed recognition of Avr9. Consistent with a role in recognition specificity, the identified residues are putatively solvent exposed in the central LRR and occupy hypervariable positions in the global Cf alignment. One of the specificity residues is not found in any other known Cf protein, suggesting the importance of diversifying selection rather than sequence exchange between homologues. Interestingly, there is an overlap between the Cf-4 and Cf-9 specificity-determining residues, precluding a protein with dual specificity.
Therapeutic Targeting of SPINK1-Positive Prostate Cancer (2011)

Gene fusions involving ETS (erythroblastosis virus E26 transformation-specific) family transcription factors are found in ~50% of prostate cancers and as such can be used as a basis for the molecular subclassification of prostate cancer. Previously, we showed that marked overexpression of SPINK1 (serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1), which encodes a secreted serine protease inhibitor, defines an aggressive molecular subtype of ETS fusion-negative prostate cancers (SPINK1+/ETS⁻, ~10% of all prostate cancers). Here, we examined the potential of SPINK1 as an extracellular therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Recombinant SPINK1 protein (rSPINK1) stimulated cell proliferation in benign RWPE as well as cancerous prostate cells. Indeed, RWPE cells treated with either rSPINK1 or conditioned medium from 22RV1 prostate cancer cells (SPINK1+/ETS⁻) significantly increased cell invasion and intravasation when compared with untreated cells. In contrast, knockdown of SPINK1 in 22RV1 cells inhibited cell proliferation, cell invasion, and tumor growth in xenograft assays. 22RV1 cell proliferation, invasion, and intravasation were attenuated by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to SPINK1 as well. We also demonstrated that SPINK1 partially mediated its neoplastic effects through interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Administration of antibodies to SPINK1 or EGFR (cetuximab) in mice bearing 22RV1 xenografts attenuated tumor growth by more than 60 and 40%, respectively, or ~75% when combined, without affecting PC3 xenograft (SPINK1⁻/ETS⁻) growth. Thus, this study suggests that SPINK1 may be a therapeutic target in a subset of patients with SPINK1+/ETS⁻ prostate cancer. Our results provide a rationale for both the development of humanized mAbs to SPINK1 and evaluation of EGFR inhibition in SPINK1+/ETS⁻ prostate cancers.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Killing of <i>Salmonella</i>-Infected Tumor Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Killing of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt;-Infected Tumor Cells
A Hybrid Prefetch Scheduling Heuristic to Minimize at Run-Time the Reconfiguration Overhead of Dynamically Reconfigurable Hardware (2007)

Due to the emergence of highly dynamic multimedia applications there is a need for flexible platforms and run-time scheduling support for embedded systems. Dynamic Reconfigurable Hardware (DRHW) is a promising candidate to provide this flexibility but, currently, not sufficient run-time scheduling support to deal with the run-time reconfigurations exists. Moreover, executing at run-time a complex scheduling heuristic to provide this support may generate an excessive run-time penalty. Hence, we have developed a hybrid design/run-time prefetch heuristic that schedules the reconfigurations at run-time, but carries out the scheduling computations at design-time by carefully identifying a set of near-optimal schedules that can be selected at run-time. This approach provides run-time flexibility with a negligible penalty.
Open side car heat exchanger that removes entire server heat load without any added fan power (2010)

The heat dissipated by electronic equipment continues to increase at a alarming rate. This has occurred for products covering a wide range of applications. Manufacturers of this equipment require that the equipment be maintained within an environmental envelope in order to guarantee proper operation. Achievement of these environmental conditions are becoming increasingly difficult given the increases in rack heat loads and the desire for customers of such equipment to cluster racks in a small region for increased performance. And with the increased heat load of the racks and correspondingly increased air flowrate the chilled air flow supplied either through data center raised floor perforated tiles or diffusers for non raised floors is not sufficient to match the air flow required by the datacom racks. In this case some of the hot air exhausting the rear of a rack can return to the front of the rack and be ingested into the air intake thereby reducing the reliability of the electronic equipment. This paper describes a method to reduce the effect of the hot air recirculation with a water cooled heat exchanger attached to the side of a rack. This heat exchanger removes all of the heat load of a rack up to 35 kW(27°C ambient temperature and 15°C inlet water temperature) thereby having a netzero impact to the data center environmental. This paper describes the unique design of the open side car and presents the test results showing that it removes all the server heat load up to 35 kW and has minimal impact on the flow and resulting component temperatures within the server packages. This open side car design will show improvement in energy efficient heat load removal equipment compared to those currently being shipped in the marketplace.
Use of N,N'-dimethoxy-N,N'-dimethylurea as a carbonyl dication equivalent in organometallic addition reactions. Synthesis of unsymmetrical ketones (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of N,N'-dimethoxy-N,N'-dimethylurea as a carbonyl dication equivalent in organometallic addition reactions. Synthesis of unsymmetrical ketonesWesley L. Whipple and Hans J. ReichCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 8, 2911–2912Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00008a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00008a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views901Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nanoscale Characterization of Metal/Semiconductor Nanocontacts (2005)

Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy (BEEM) and finite‐element electrostatic modeling were used to quantify how “small‐size” effects modify the energy barrier at metal/semiconductor nanostructure nanocontacts, formed by making Schottky contacts to cleaved edges of GaAs quantum wells (QWs). The Schottky barrier height over the QWs was found to systematically increase with decreasing QW width, by up to ∼140 meV for a 1nm QW. This is mostly due to a large quantum‐confinement increase (∼200 meV for a 1nm QW), modified by smaller decreases due to “environmental” electric field effects. Our modeling gives excellent quantitative agreement with measurements for a wide range of QW widths when both quantum confinement and environmental electric fields are considered.
Recycling Ultrathin Catalyst Layers for Multiple Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Array Regrowth Cycles and Selectivity in Catalyst Activation (2009)

We utilize chemical vapor deposition to demonstrate the reactivation of catalyst for multiple regrowths of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays (carpets) in the context of water-assisted supergrowth. The carpets are transferred from the growth substrate, and the catalyst and substrate are reactivated by annealing in air. Annealing parameters control the length and diameter distribution of nanotubes in the regrown carpets due to active catalyst termination followed by a size-dependent process of iron carbide particle reoxidation. The lack of achieving indefinite regrowth from a 0.5 nm thick Fe layer can be attributed to factors such as catalyst dynamics taking place during the growth and regrowth processes.
Progressive Growing of Neural ODEs (2020)

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) have proven to be a powerful modeling tool for approximating (interpolation) and forecasting (extrapolation) irregularly sampled time series data. However, their performance degrades substantially when applied to real-world data, especially long-term data with complex behaviors (e.g., long-term trend across years, mid-term seasonality across months, and short-term local variation across days). To address the modeling of such complex data with different behaviors at different frequencies (time spans), we propose a novel progressive learning paradigm of NODEs for long-term time series forecasting. Specifically, following the principle of curriculum learning, we gradually increase the complexity of data and network capacity as training progresses. Our experiments with both synthetic data and real traffic data (PeMS Bay Area traffic data) show that our training methodology consistently improves the performance of vanilla NODEs by over 64%.
A new method to evaluate signal quality for systems to which PRML is applied (2003)

The partial response and maximum likelihood (PRML) method is promising as the detection scheme for next-generation optical disk systems. PRML detection requires a new value to evaluate signal quality instead of jitter, which is used in the current optical disk systems. For this requirement, some evaluation methods have been proposed. However, any evaluation methods for practical use has not been reported. In this paper, we propose a new method to evaluate the signal quality for systems to which PRML detection is applied. We compare the evaluation value of the proposal method with measured channel bit error rate (bER), and confirmed the validity of the new method.