gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving 100 Percent Success in Acid Stimulation of Sandstone Reservoirs (2002)

Abstract Acid stimulation of sandstone reservoirs is viewed by many as a risky enterprise and one that should be undertaken only as a last resort. Much of this reluctance stems from the complex, heterogeneous nature of sandstones(1) and the unpredictability of their response to conventional oilfield acid formulations. Indeed, with an inappropriate acid design, or poor job procedures, even the best candidate well can be damaged, sometimes irreversibly. With the loss of experience and expertise due to industry downsizing, there is some concern that the risk of such failures has increased. This paper discusses the implementation of an acidising methodology with the goal of attaining 100 percent success in acid stimulation treatments. A cornerstone of the strategy involved the development of a personal acidising mentor for every engineer to help them avoid the pitfalls of inappropriate design. The only practical way to achieve this was by the use of computers, programmed with the many rules used by human experts in the design of acid treatments. These rules take into account such variables as mineralogy, temperature, formation fluids, permeability, porosity and tubular metallurgy, amongst others. Integration of these rules, based on an array of algorithms coupled with heuristic principles, outputs a preferred acid design along with recommended acid volumes, pre- and post-flushes, nitrogen ratios for flowback and a customized message board with hints, tips or warnings about the potential treatment. The design advisor also incorporates recommended loadings of corrosion inhibitors, iron control agents, clay control additives, surfactants, solvents, anti-sludges and diverting agents, etc. as and when required. Application of this approach has helped fill the gap caused by the widespread loss of experienced industry personnel and has accelerated the learning process among younger engineers. It has also helped ensure that only appropriate acid treatments are recommended and pumped in any location, worldwide. The paper reviews the results of over 100 acid jobs designed using this methodology.
中学校における新しい国際交流プログラムの開発 : Exploris Middle School・Odyssay Schoolとの交流を通して (2009)

本研究では, アメリカのExploris Middle Schoolへの生徒の渡米交流及びOdyssay Schoolとの宮島交流, e-mailによる交流実践を通して, 中学校における新しい国際交流プログラムの指針を示そうとした。英語を学び始めて間もない中学生にとって国際交流においての最大の不安は語学力であり, 指導・支援する側の教師も, 言語によって意志疎通が図れることに腐心しがちである。しかし, 本実践研究の結果から, 語学力が十分でない中学生であるからこそ尚更, 国際交流の場面では, 伝えたい内容を明確にしてやる指導・支援が重要であることがわかった。もちろん語学力が全くなければ意思疎通が難しいこともあろうし, 決して語学力が必要ないとは言わない。しかし, 人は伝えたいことがあれば必ずしも言語に頼らずともありとあらゆる媒体を通して意思疎通を図り, そのことが結果として, 語学への学習意欲を高めたり, 他国や自国の文化に対する理解を深めたり, またグローバル・マインドの醸成につながるであろう。
Ten Years of Experience With Porous Acetabular Components for Revision Surgery (1995)

A prospective study was completed for 139 porous-coated revision acetabular components that were implanted with rim fit fixation and had a mean of 4.3 years' followup (range, 2-9.8 years). The Anatomic Porous Replacement component was studied. Harris Hip Scores were used for clinical evaluation, and the pain and limp components of the Harris Hip Score were assessed. Radiographic measurements were recorded as radiolucent lines by Delee and Charnley zones. Clinical results were of lesser value in this study because of the emphasis on the acetabular component. Of these components, 4.3% had revision; only 2 (1.4%) were revised for loosening. Migration occurred in 2.1% of these acetabular components. In the first 2 years postoperatively, 17.4% of components had increased radiolucent lines and 9.4% had fewer radiolucent lines. After 2 years, fixation was stable: 4% had progressively more radiolucent lines and 2% fewer radiolucent lines. The authors could not show any statistical difference in radiographic fixation of these components when adjunctive screw fixation was used or not used. Fixation of the acetabular components was better when slurry bone graft was not used to layer the acetabular surface. Fixation was similar whether the rim fit was obtained with or without protrusion of the medial dome of the cup into the pelvis. The authors did not observe osteolysis in the acetabular bone surrounding these components.
Self-cytoplasmic DNA upregulates the mutator enzyme APOBEC3A leading to chromosomal DNA damage (2017)

Foreign and self-cytoplasmic DNA are recognized by numerous DNA sensor molecules leading to the production of type I interferons. Such DNA agonists should be degraded otherwise cells would be chronically stressed. Most human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases can initiate catabolism of cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA. Using the human myeloid cell line THP-1 with an interferon inducible APOBEC3A gene, we show that cytoplasmic DNA triggers interferon and production through the RNA polymerase III transcription/RIG-I pathway leading to massive upregulation of APOBEC3A. By catalyzing CU editing in single stranded DNA fragments, the enzyme prevents them from re-annealing so attenuating the danger signal. The price to pay is chromosomal DNA damage in the form of CGTA mutations and double stranded DNA breaks which, in the context of chronic inflammation, could drive cells down the path toward cancer.
Development of a model for marburgvirus based on severe-combined immunodeficiency mice (2007)

The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), cause a lethal hemorrhagic fever. Human isolates of MARV are not lethal to immmunocompetent adult mice and, to date, there are no reports of a mouse-adapted MARV model. Previously, a uniformly lethal EBOV-Zaire mouse-adapted virus was developed by performing 9 sequential passages in progressively older mice (suckling to adult). Evaluation of this model identified many similarities between infection in mice and nonhuman primates, including viral tropism for antigen-presenting cells, high viral titers in the spleen and liver, and an equivalent mean time to death. Existence of the EBOV mouse model has increased our understanding of host responses to filovirus infections and likely has accelerated the development of countermeasures, as it is one of the only hemorrhagic fever viruses that has multiple candidate vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that serially passaging liver homogenates from MARV-infected severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice was highly successful in reducing the time to death in scid mice from 50-70 days to 7-10 days after MARV-Ci67, -Musoke, or -Ravn challenge. We performed serial sampling studies to characterize the pathology of these scid mouse-adapted MARV strains. These scid mouse-adapted MARV models appear to have many similar properties as the MARV models previously developed in guinea pigs and nonhuman primates. Also, as shown here, the scid-adapted MARV mouse models can be used to evaluate the efficacy of candidate antiviral therapeutic molecules, such as phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers or antibodies.
Anisotropic conductive film for flip-chip interconnection of a high I/O silicon based finger print sensor (2011)

Anisotropic conductive film (ACF) has been used for flip chip interconnection of a silicon based MEMS finger print sensor to a signal processing ASIC. The assembled sensor device was subjected to a short term high temperature profile with peak temperature 260 C simulating subse-quent reflow soldering of the device, and to thermal shock cycling from -40 to +85 C. The reliability of interconnects during ageing was investigated by monitoring changes in electrical resistance of single interconnects and interconnect daisy chains. The electrical resistance increased after exposure to the high temperature soldering profile, but no failures were observed even after 10 repetitions. Thermal shock cycling showed an increase in electrical re-sistance and no failures. A relatively large resistance increase was found for some interconnection points.
AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for energy efficient systems (2013)

Materials properties of nitride semiconductors make them superior candidates for power electronics applications. Materials quality, strongly non-uniform field distribution, variations of parameters from device to device, and reliability problems have to be improved or resolved. New designs, especially suitable to nitride devices, include the use of Low Conducting Layers, “composite channel structures, and novel contacts. All these improvement still have to be validated and improved to make the dream of nitride power electronics to be competitive with Si and SiC power transistors.
Post-detection nonlinear distortion for efficient MLSD in optical links (2007)

In this paper, we investigate the use of nonlinear distortion of the electrical post-detection signal in order to design simple, yet very effective, maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) receivers for optical communications with direct photo-detection. This distortion enables the use of standard Euclidean branch metrics in the Viterbi algorithm which implements MLSD. Our results suggest that the nonlinear characteristic can be optimized with respect to the uncompensated chromatic dispersion and other relevant system parameters, such as the extinction ratio. The proposed schemes with optimized distortion exhibit the same performance of more sophisticated MLSD schemes, still guaranteeing more efficient Viterbi algorithm implementation.
Incrementally lossless, broad-bandwidth analog fiber-optic link (2002)

Operation of a broadband, incrementally lossless, fiber-optic link is reported. By using a solid-state laser as the CW source, a dynamic range for this externally modulated link was measured and shown to exceed that of a directly modulated link. The modulator was a conventional Mach-Zehnder design. The average optical power on the detector was 20 mW. The modulator input and detector output are resistively terminated with 50 Omega , and the link RF-to-RF insertion loss vs. frequency is measured using an RF network analyzer. The maximum intermodulation-free (IM-free) dynamic range occurs at the optical modulation depth (OMD) for which the output intermodulation power equals the link output noise power. Consequently, the maximum IM-free dynamic range depends not only on the linearity of the modulating device, but also on the sources of noise in the link.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High temperature, harsh environment sensors for advanced power generation systems (2015)

One mission of the Crosscutting Technology Research program at the National Energy Technology Laboratory is to develop a suite of sensors and controls technologies that will ultimately increase efficiencies of existing fossil-fuel fired power plants and enable a new generation of more efficient and lower emission power generation technologies. The program seeks to accomplish this mission through soliciting, managing, and monitoring a broad range of projects both internal and external to the laboratory which span sensor material and device development, energy harvesting and wireless telemetry methodologies, and advanced controls algorithms and approaches. A particular emphasis is placed upon harsh environment sensing for compatibility with high temperature, erosive, corrosive, and highly reducing or oxidizing environments associated with large-scale centralized power generation. An overview of the full sensors and controls portfolio is presented and a selected set of current and recent research successes and on-going projects are highlighted. A more detailed emphasis will be placed on an overview of the current research thrusts and successes of the in-house sensor material and device research efforts that have been established to support the program.
Substrate bias effects in MuGFETs (2010)

This paper investigates the influence of substrate bias of junctionless (JL) and Inversion-Mode (IM) MuGFETs such as a variation of threshold voltage. The JL MuGFET has a similar response to positive substrate bias as an IM MuGFET. However, narrow JL MuGFETs are far more sensitive to negative substrate bias than IM MuGFET.
Polymorphisms in <i>KCNQ1</i> Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes in a Korean Population (2010)

The single nucleotide polymorphisms in KCNQ1 showed a significant association with GDM in the Korean population. Although the mechanism is not yet clear, it could be possible that variants in KCNQ1 confer a risk for GDM by altering pancreatic β-cell function.
CDMA downlink chip-level MMSE equalization and finger placement (2004)

In CDMA downlink, MAI arises due to the loss of orthogonality of the spreading codes for each user in frequency-selective channels. We analyze the system when a linear equalizer is used for chip estimation. The analysis is conducted for a general model when arbitrary finger placement with or without multiple receiver antennas is used, of which many CDMA downlink linear receivers are special cases. We show that the equalizer designed to minimize the chip MSE differs only by a scaling factor from the equalizer that maximizes output symbol SNR or minimizes symbol MSE. The performance of the equalizer depends heavily on the finger placement scheme. We propose two low complexity strategies for suboptimal finger placement. One is based on a recursive sequential search and the other is based on heuristic arguments of interference cancellation. Simulation shows that both resulting schemes can achieve similar performance as uniformly spaced tapped-delay-line equalizer but with a much smaller number of fingers.
Graphene saturable absorbers for VECSELs (2014)

We report mode-locking of an optically pumped VECSEL using a graphene-based saturable absorber mirror (GSAM). Self-starting and stable modelocked operation is demonstrated with 473 fs pulses at 1.5 GHz repetition rate and 949 nm center wavelength. Wavelength tuning is achieved over a 46 nm bandwidth. We discuss the mirror design, the fabrication of the GSAMs, and give an outlook on further optimization of the design, including dielectric top coatings to protect the graphene and to increase the flexibility in the design.
Studies on prestressed concrete reactor vessels. Model experiment on PCRV (1972)

Technology of model experiment on PCRV is described. The model experiment was made to check on the validity of a newly developed, three dimensional stress analysis method, and also to develop new techniques of the experiment for the future. The first phase was three-dimensional photoelasticity experiment with a cylinder with top and bottom slabs to know distribution of stress and prestress. Then epoxy resin model experiment followed to obtain quantitatively stress and deformation within the range of elasticity and to compare these quantities with analytical values. The technique of finite element method developed employed curvedsurface body elements in three dimensions. After this confirmation of the technique, the next step was experiment with a concrete model of the PCRV in the process up to vessel rupture. It is about 1/20 of the PCRV for a 300 MW(e) gas-cooled reactor. Items investigated in the experiment were the stress distribution in internal pressure and prestressing, and vessel behavior from cracking to rupture; and funther temperature stress experiment was carried out with a medium sized concrete model. (JA)
ChemInform Abstract: Pesticide Leads from Nature (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CXCR4 and ACKR3 binding azamacrocyclic compounds for targeted PET imaging and therapeutic applications in cancer. (2019)

133 Objectives: The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and ACKR3 (CXCR7) have been shown to be over-expressed in multiple types of cancer [1] and are usually associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis [2]. Successfully targeting and imaging these receptors could allow earlier diagnosis of some cancers, inform treatment selection and lead to better outcomes for the patients. Our research group has developed a library of high affinity CXCR4 tetraazamacrocyclic antagonists with long residence time on the receptor. We have recently extended the biological validation of these derivatives to ACKR3 and have identified a small sub-set of compounds (with structural features in common) that bind to both of these receptors. These novel CXCR4- and ACKR3-specific agents could offer the opportunity for dual targeting, to better delineate disease and inform treatment.
 Methods: Configurationally-restricted multi-macrocyclic derivatives and their Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) metal complexes were prepared. Their affinity for CXCR4 and ACKR3 was assessed in vitro in U87 glioblastoma cell lines transfected to stably express one receptor type. Affinity for CXCR4 was determined by Ca2+ signalling and affinity for ACKR3 was determined by competition binding with fluorescent CXCL12. In vivo affinity for CXCR4 was demonstrated through a series of blocking experiments, using a selected set of compounds to block the CXCR4-specific PET tracer, [68Ga]Pentixafor, in mice implanted with CXCR4 over-expressing xenografts.
 Results: We have synthesised a library of configurationally-restricted multi-macrocyclic compounds and their corresponding Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) metal complexes showing high affinity for CXCR4 with IC50 values as low as 4 nM [3]. Among these derivatives, a set of novel compounds was shown to additionally bind to ACKR3. The SAR of these compounds is currently under investigation and preliminary results have already shown affinity for ACKR3 below 100 nM. Successful in vivo block of [68Ga]Pentixafor, resulting in an 8-fold reduction in tumour uptake, with doses as low as 4 mg/kg confirmed high specificity of one of these compounds for CXCR4. Two other compounds were assessed in vivo at 1 mg/kg and showed a 2- and 3-fold reduction in tumour uptake, respectively.
 Conclusions: We successfully prepared a set of novel multi-macrocyclic metal complexes and assessed their affinity in vitro for both CXCR4 and ACKR3, allowing structure activity relationships to be identified. The affinity of these compounds for CXCR4 was also demonstrated in vivo through blocking studies of a clinically characterized CXCR4 targeting PET tracer. ACKR3 over-expressing tumour models are currently being developed to allow further validation of these derivatives in vivo.

Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank Dr Assem Allam for fellowship funding and his generous contribution to the University of Hull PET Research Centre.
Patterns and predictors of dosage increase in patients treated with Adalimumabfor Crohnʼs Disease in the United States (2009)

PurposeAdalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody, is an effective treatment for Crohn's disease (CD). After induction therapy, adalimumab 40 mg is usually used as every-other-week dosing for maintenance therapy. In a large clinical trial, 27% of patients increased their adalimumab dosage to weekly within 1 year.1 Our objective was to determine the dosage pattern of adalimumab in real-world clinical practice in the United States by using data from a large specialty pharmacy-dispensing database and to identify predictors for dosage increase to a weekly regimen in patients with CD.
Integration of spatial vector data in enterprise relational database environments (2006)

Räumliche und geometrische Daten können in nahezu jeder relationalen Datenbank gefunden werden. Die Norm SQL/MM Spatial wurde entwickelt, um eine interoperable Schnittstelle für räumliche Daten bereitzustellen. Die Norm legt Datentypen und zugehörige Funktionen fest, um Punkte, Linienzüge und Polygone in einer Datenbank zu verwalten. Die Dissertation analysiert die Funktionalität im Standard und schlägt Erweiterungen für eine bessere Integration in die Sprachan-bindungen für Datenbanksystem, für die Unterstützung von drei-dimensionalen Geometrien und Operationen im R3 und die Bereitstellung von Graph-Operationen (z.B. Kürzeste-Pfad-Berechnungen) vor. Zusätzlich wurden Aspekte der Datenintegration untersucht. Es wurden Techniken und Mechanismen entwickelt, um räumliche Daten in heterogenen Replikationsumgebungen und föderierten Systemen nahtlos einzubinden. -
Long-term Evaluation of Meniscal Tissue Formation in 3-dimensional–Printed Scaffolds With Sequential Release of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and TGF-β3 in an Ovine Model (2019)

A significant advantage of this technique is the ability to print custom-fit scaffolds from MRI-generated templates. In addition, average-size menisci could be printed and available for off-the-shelf applications. Based on the 1-year duration of the study, the approach appears to be promising for meniscal regeneration in humans.
A Comparative Spectroscopic Study on the Location of Benzene and Cations in a Series of Si-Rich NaY Zeolites (2001)

Benzene adsorption in two Si-rich NaY (NaYs and NaYd) zeolites (Si/Al ratio ≈ 3.5), prepared from different methods, has been investigated using FTIR spectroscopy and compared with that in NaY (Si/Al ratio = 2.3) and NaEMT (Si/Al ratio = 3.6) zeolites. The interaction strength of benzene with one site or another in these zeolites has been evaluated by a successive desorption of benzene at different temperatures. The location of cations in these two different Si-rich zeolites has been discussed. The quantitative analysis of the changes of the absorbance of the C−H out-of-plane vibrations with benzene loadings gives access to total benzene adsorption capacity and the amounts of benzene adsorbed on one site or another. The adsorption behavior of benzene in these zeolites has been then correlated with the Al distribution, the location of Na+ ions, the average negative charge of oxygen atoms, the zeolite structure, and the interaction strength of benzene with one site or another. As observed in NaY zeolite, two adsorption sites for benzene, Na+ ions and 12R windows, have been evidenced in two Si-rich NaY, whereas benzene molecules sit mainly on Na+ ions in NaEMT. No significant influence of the Al distribution on the benzene location and on the distribution of cations in the supercages of these two different Si-rich NaY zeolites is observed. A new pair of shoulders at high wavenumbers (2050−1913 cm-1) at high benzene loadings is detected for the first time. In all the NaY zeolites studied here, the interaction of benzene with the Na+ ions is stronger than that with the 12R windows. This explains the observation that the number of benzene molecules adsorbed on the 12R windows is lower than that on the Na+ ions. The low adsorption capacity for a supercage of NaYs and NaYd zeolites is most likely related to the low number of Na+ ions in a supercage and consequently to the high mobility of benzene molecules in the zeolite structures. It reveals that there are the diverse strengths of interaction of benzene with Na+ ions in NaEMT due to the migration of Na+ ions from the small cages to the large cages in the presence of benzene.