gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controller design method for electric power steering system with variable gear transmission system using decoupling control (2009)

In this paper a new controller design method for Electric Power Steering (EPS) system with Variable Gear Transfer System (VGTS) is proposed. The control purpose is to achieve the desired steering gear ratio, the desired power assist with good steering feel and the desired feedback of reaction force from road surfaces to the driver. The basic idea of controller design is to apply decoupling control to this system and to separately design controllers for two decoupled systems. The angle control system and the torque control system are designed for the decoupled systems. In the angle control system the PID control is used for the desired gear ratio. In the torque control system the PID control is used for the desired assist torque designed so as to achieve good steering feel. In order to evaluate steering feel the Lissajous curve between the steering torque and steering angle is used. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by using a test bench.
Late Sequelae of Cochlear Infection (1996)

Inflammatory reactions within the inner ear are deleterious to cochlear function and can result in server hearing loss that does not recover. This study investigated a guinea pig model of long-term cytomegalovirus infection. At high doses active inflammation was still present after 35 days. At lower doses some ears showed partial resolution while others were still inflamed. Hearing was totally lost in all cases of persistent inflammation. There was some residual hearing in the cases that had resolved. Cochlear structures including the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and spiral ganglion were partially degenerated. Fibrotic matrix within scala tympani was ossified in many cases. These changes are consistent with those described for human cochleas following putative viral infections.
Thermal Conductivity and Combustion Properties of Wheat Gluten Foams (2012)

Freeze-dried wheat gluten foams were evaluated with respect to their thermal and fire-retardant properties, which are important for insulation applications. The thermal properties were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry, the laser flash method and a hot plate method. The unplasticised foam showed a similar specific heat capacity, a lower thermal diffusivity and a slightly higher thermal conductivity than conventional rigid polystyrene and polyurethane insulation foams. Interestingly, the thermal conductivity was similar to that of closed cell polyethylene and glass-wool insulation materials. Cone calorimetry showed that, compared to a polyurethane foam, both unplasticised and glycerol-plasticised foams had a significantly longer time to ignition, a lower effective heat of combustion and a higher char content. Overall, the unplasticised foam showed better fire-proof properties than the plasticized foam. The UL 94 test revealed that the unplasticised foam did not drip (form droplets of low viscous material) and, although the burning times varied, self-extinguished after flame removal. To conclude both the insulation and fire-retardant properties were very promising for the wheat gluten foam.
Genetica in natuurbeheer: een onderschat werkinstrument (2011)

DNA is bij uitstek geschikt om gebruikt te worden voor individuele herkenning, een toepassing die ook steeds meer zijn weg vindt in het natuurbeheer. In kleine populaties met een gering aantal individuen kan genetische monitoring de oplossing zijn om inzicht te krijgen in de populatiedynamiek van kwetsbare soorten om daarmee nodige maatregelen te kunnen nemen. Als voorbeelden dienen de herintroducties van Otter en Hamster, en de laatste Nederlandse Korhoenpopulatie.
Research on Automatic Acquisition and Compilation of Office Software Secondary Development Based on Association Rules (2020)

Microsoft Office is an office automation software developed by Microsoft. Word, Excel, Power Point, Outlook and other application software we use are all components. Successful office software must have enough open characteristics to make it from an independent closed application software to an open office platform. Office software has been successfully applied in the software integration of many office automation systems. The realization of office automation is also the need of the development of colleges and universities. The use of office automation to deal with a large number of daily affairs can improve the efficiency of school management. Based on the association rules, this paper calls the functions of various types of development to realize some functions of secondary development of editing and editing automation. Input efficiency will be improved by completing wizard-style input for a variety of complex documents. Automation technology is used to solve the secondary development of Office documents, which better and fully reflects the convenience brought by software openness. The application and development prospects of Office secondary development are embarrassing. As more and more users have been learning about secondary development, a new era of “paperless office” will emerge, and enterprises and institutions will become the biggest beneficiaries.
On Neutron Spectroscopy Using Gas Proportional Detectors Optimized by Transport Theory (2009)

AbstractWe explore in this study the practical limits in designing a neutron detector array to resolve the spectra from special nuclear material (SNM) neutron sources using 3He detectors. We demonstrate that radiation transport analysis yielded a spectrum unfolding strategy based on the energy structure of the BUGLE-96 cross-section library, with 47 neutron energy groups. The initial computational model used is an isotropic planar source incident on a block of high-density polyethylene moderator. Assuming 3He is diluted throughout the moderator, the 3He(n,p) reaction rate energy group matrix in the block was computed using a completely “flat” neutron source spectrum. Analyzing the energy group matrix, there are neutrons from specific collections of energy groups (energy “bands”) that induce a maximum reaction rate in specific locations; we determined that these groups cannot be further differentiated within the energy band using 3He detectors. It was determined that optimal spectral fidelity for SNM detection and characterization is achievable using four spectral bands spanning among groups 1 through 29 (31.8 keV to 17.3 MeV). Using ideal-filter materials to remove the neutrons from different regions of the spectrum, we predicted the maximum neutron spectral resolution obtainable using this approach. To demonstrate our method, we present the optimally detected spectral differences between SNM materials (plutonium and uranium), metal and oxide, using ideal-filter materials. We have also selected a number of candidate filtering materials and, by replacing the ideal filters with real materials, we exemplified our approach with a design of a neutron detector array capable of resolving the spectra from SNM neutron sources using 3He detectors.
Improved convergence in planar nanophotonic topology optimization via the multigradient (2022)

Adjoint Topology Optimization is a physics-informed inverse-design strategy which has been widely applied in electromagnetics and nanophotonics to create highly performant meta-devices. By interfering the electric fields of both forward and reverse (i.e., adjoint) simulations within a device, it is possible to compute a permittivity gradient which will improve its performance. In the specific case of planar metasurface design, the permittivity gradient will vary depending on the z-height, which presents a problem for designing devices suitable for single-layer lithographic fabrication, since such products have uniform material properties in the z-direction. State-of-the-art applications of adjoint topology optimization address this issue by averaging together the gradients at multiple z-heights. This article proposes an alternative strategy for combining these same gradients based on the multigradient. This modification produces a notable speedup of as much as 2–3 times for a representative supercell design problem, indicating this new strategy may be preferable for planar nanophotonic design problems in general.
The Antinociceptive Effect of S-(+)-Ibuprofen in Rabbits (1995)

This study was designed to determine whether systemic absorption plays any role in the antinociceptive effect of epidural (EP) sodium S(+)-ibuprofen (IB). One week after surgical implantation of EP catheters, six rabbits were given EP injections with either normal saline (NS) 0.4 mL or IB 10 mg in 0.4 mL NS (Group 1) on separate days. Each animal was injected with IB 10 mg intravenously (i.v.) on another day. Six control rabbits (Group 2) had neither surgery nor any injection. Analgesic testing was performed using electric stimulation through two electrocardiogram (ECG) skin electrodes with built-in adhesive, attached to shaved hip areas using 50 V, 1 Hz, 3 ms, before and 0.5,1,2 and 3 h after injection in Group 1, and in similar times in controls. The 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the mean difference between baseline and maximal nociceptive response latency of all groups were compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline measurements. This comparison covered all possible pairs among all groups. Significant antinociceptive effects were seen after EP IB but not after control or i.v. IB. Neither motor dysfunction nor evidence of systemic toxicity or neurotoxicity was observed in any animal.
Efficacy of ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide in pancreatic islet transplantation. (1995)

Significant islet allograft prolongation was achieved by ICAM-1/LFA-1 blockade. ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide IP-3082 was effective in improving islet function as well as prolonging graft survival.
Loss evaluation for modular multilevel converters with different switching strategies (2015)

Apparently, modular multilevel converter (MMC) has been extensively used in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission links in recent years. The efficiency of MMC stations are highly related to the switching methods and semiconductor devices. So, various switching methods and semiconductor devices have been investigated and introduced in the field. This paper settles a benchmark for an HVDC link, based on a real project, and investigates the impact of six different switching methods on the converter loss, utilizing a commercial semiconductor device. The evaluation indicates that switching methods which consider the current level at switching instants are more efficient in comparison with the other methods which only consider the number of switching events. The result of this study is essential for more efficient converter stations.
A machine learning platform to estimate anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities (2021)

Strategies for drug discovery and repositioning are an urgent need with respect to COVID-19. Here we present "REDIAL-2020", a suite of computational models for estimating small molecule activities in a range of SARS-CoV-2 related assays. Models were trained using publicly available, high throughput screening data and by employing different descriptor types and various machine learning strategies. Here we describe the development and the usage of eleven models spanning across the areas of viral entry, viral replication, live virus infectivity, in vitro infectivity and human cell toxicity. REDIAL-2020 is available as a web application through the DrugCentral web portal (http://drugcentral.org/Redial). In addition, the web-app provides similarity search results that display the most similar molecules to the query, as well as associated experimental data. REDIAL-2020 can serve as a rapid online tool for identifying active molecules for COVID-19 treatment.
Hypoxia is common in temperate headwaters and driven by hydrological extremes (2023)

Hypoxia, or dissolved oxygen (DO) at low enough levels to impair organisms, is a particularly useful indicator of the health of freshwater ecosystems. However, due to limited sampling in headwater networks, the degree, distribution, and timing of hypoxia events are not known across the vast majority of most river networks. We thus sought to clarify the extent of hypoxia in headwater networks through three years of instrumentation of 78 sites across eight temperate, agricultural watersheds. We observed broadly distributed hypoxia, occurring 4 % of the time across 51 of the 78 sites over 20 months. The hypoxia was driven by three mechanisms: storm events, drying, and rewetting, with drying as the most common driver of hypoxia (55 % of all hypoxic event types). Drying induced hypoxia was most severe in smaller streams (Strahler orders ≤ 3), whereas storm events preferentially induced hypoxia in the larger streams (Strahler orders 3–5). A large diversity in DO trajectories towards hypoxia depended on hydrologic event type, with subsequent expected differences in mortality profiles of a sensitive species. Predictive models showed the most vulnerable sites to hypoxia were small streams with low slope, particularly during hot, low discharge periods. Despite variation among hypoxic events, there was remarkable similarity in the rate of DO drawdown during hypoxia events (ca. 1 mg O2 L−1 d−1). This drawdown similarity may be a useful rule-of-thumb for managers, and we hypothesize that it is either a signal of increasing lateral inflow of low DO water or a signal of increasing downstream oxygen demand. Overall, we posit that hypoxia is likely a common feature of most headwater networks that often goes undetected. Headwater hypoxia may become more common under increasingly dry conditions associated with climate and water resource management changes, with important implications for biological communities and biogeochemical processes.
One-Pot Conversion of Fluorophores to Phosphorophores (2016)

Facile, one-pot conversion of free base 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, (H<sub>3</sub>)tpfc, into the coinage metal complexes of 2,3,17,18-tetraiodo-5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, (I<sub>4</sub>-tpfc)M (M = Cu, Ag, Au), is reported. The iodination/metalation procedures provide much higher yields and larger selectivity than both conceivable stepwise syntheses. Photophysical analysis shows that the gold(III) complex (I<sub>4</sub>-tpfc)Au displays phosphorescence at room temperature and a substantial quantum yield for singlet oxygen formation.
Coupling the SAEM algorithm and the extended Kalman filter for maximum likelihood estimation in mixed-effects diffusion models (2013)

International audience
Cardiovascular Effects of Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Children (2011)

DEX decreases CI in children and has a cumulative effect. For patients undergoing prolonged procedures HR and CI remained decreased at the time of discharge together with a decrease in SI and an increase in SVRI.
Cross-species malaria immunity induced by chemically attenuated parasites (2013)

Vaccine development for the blood stages of malaria has focused on the induction of antibodies to parasite surface antigens, most of which are highly polymorphic. An alternate strategy has evolved from observations that low-density infections can induce antibody-independent immunity to different strains. To test this strategy, we treated parasitized red blood cells from the rodent parasite Plasmodium chabaudi with seco-cyclopropyl pyrrolo indole analogs. These drugs irreversibly alkylate parasite DNA, blocking their ability to replicate. After administration in mice, DNA from the vaccine could be detected in the blood for over 110 days and a single vaccination induced profound immunity to different malaria parasite species. Immunity was mediated by CD4+ T cells and was dependent on the red blood cell membrane remaining intact. The human parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, could also be attenuated by treatment with seco-cyclopropyl pyrrolo indole analogs. These data demonstrate that vaccination with chemically attenuated parasites induces protective immunity and provide a compelling rationale for testing a blood-stage parasite-based vaccine targeting human Plasmodium species.
A d-enantiomeric peptide interferes with heteroassociation of amyloid-β oligomers and prion protein (2018)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. One AD hallmark is the aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) into soluble oligomers and insoluble fibrils. Several studies have reported that oligomers rather than fibrils are the most toxic species in AD progression. Aβ oligomers bind with high affinity to membrane-associated prion protein (PrP), leading to toxic signaling across the cell membrane, which makes the Aβ-PrP interaction an attractive therapeutic target. Here, probing this interaction in more detail, we found that both full-length, soluble human (hu) PrP(23-230) and huPrP(23-144), lacking the globular C-terminal domain, bind to Aβ oligomers to form large complexes above the megadalton size range. Following purification by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation, the Aβ and huPrP contents in these heteroassemblies were quantified by reversed-phase HPLC. The Aβ:PrP molar ratio in these assemblies exhibited some limited variation depending on the molar ratio of the initial mixture. Specifically, a molar ratio of about four Aβ to one huPrP in the presence of an excess of huPrP(23-230) or huPrP(23-144) suggested that four Aβ units are required to form one huPrP-binding site. Of note, an Aβ-binding all-d-enantiomeric peptide, RD2D3, competed with huPrP for Aβ oligomers and interfered with Aβ-PrP heteroassembly in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results highlight the importance of multivalent epitopes on Aβ oligomers for Aβ-PrP interactions and have yielded an all-d-peptide-based, therapeutically promising agent that competes with PrP for these interactions.
Interruption of triacylglycerol synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum is the initiating event for saturated fatty acid‐induced lipotoxicity in liver cells (2010)

The aim of the present study was to investigate in detail the molecular mechanisms by which free fatty acids induce liver toxicity in liver cells. HepG2 and Huh7 human liver cell lines were exposed to varying concentrations of stearate (18:0), oleate (18:1), or mixtures of the two fatty acids, and the effects on cell proliferation, lipid droplet accumulation and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis were evaluated. It was observed that: (a) stearate, but not oleate, inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death; (b) stearate-induced cell death had the characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis; (c) the activation of stearate in the form of stearoyl-CoA was a necessary step for the lipotoxic effect; (d) the capacity of cells to produce and accumulate triacylglycerols in the form of lipid droplets was interrupted following exposure to stearate, whereas it proceeded normally in oleate-treated cells; and (e) the presence of relatively low amounts of oleate protected cells from stearate-induced toxicity and restored the ability of the cells to accumulate triacylglycerols. Our data suggest that interruption of triacylglycerol synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum, apparently because of the formation of a pool of oversaturated intermediates, represents the key initiating event in the mechanism of saturated fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity.
Influence of SiO2 surface energy on the performance of organic field effect transistors based on highly oriented, zone-cast layers of a tetrathiafulvalene derivative (2008)

In this paper we present that the surface energy of silicon dioxide employed as the dielectric in bottom gate organic field effect transistors has large impact on the device performance. By the use of the zone-casting simple solution processing technique, we ensured reproducibility of active layer preparation confirmed by the atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction that showed high crystalline quality. Electrical measurements revealed that charge carrier mobility based on highly ordered zone-cast tetrakis-(octadecylthio)-tetrathiafulvalene layer was increased 30 times to 0.2 cm2/V s, when dielectric surface energy decreased from 51.8 to 40.1 mN/m.
Energy-Aware Design Methodology for Myocardial Infarction Detection on Low-Power Wearable Devices (2021)

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a heart disease that damages the heart muscle and requires immediate treatment. Its silent and recurrent nature necessitates real-time continuous monitoring of patients. Nowadays, wearable devices are smart enough to perform on-device processing of heartbeat segments and report any irregularities in them. However, the small form factor of wearable devices imposes resource constraints and requires energy-efficient solutions to satisfy them. In this paper, we propose a design methodology to automate the design space exploration of neural network architectures for MI detection. This methodology incorporates Neural Architecture Search (NAS) using Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization (MOBO) to render Pareto optimal architectural models. These models minimize both detection error and energy consumption on the target device. The design space is inspired by Binary Convolutional Neural Networks (BCNNs) suited for mobile health applications with limited resources. The models' performance is validated using the PTB diagnostic ECG database from PhysioNet. Moreover, energy-related measurements are directly obtained from the target device in a typical hardware-in-the-loop fashion. Finally, we benchmark our models against other related works. One model exceeds state-of-the-art accuracy on wearable devices (reaching 91.22%), whereas others trade off some accuracy to reduce their energy consumption (by a factor reaching 8.26x).
Theoretical study of the organosulfur systems CSHn (n=0–4) and CSHn+ (n=0–5): Dissociation energies, ionization energies, and enthalpies of formationa) (1992)

The Gaussian-2 (G2) theoretical procedure, based on ab initio molecular orbital theory, is used to calculate the energies of the CSHn (n=0–4) hydrides and CSHn+ (n=0–5) cations. The G2 adiabatic ionization energies of CH3SH, CH2SH, CH3S, CH2S, HCS, and CS as well as the proton affinity of CH3SH are all in satisfactory agreement with experimental values. G2 enthalpies of formation of the neutrals and cations have also been calculated and are used to help assess the reliability of the experimental values, which in some cases cover a rather wide range. The calculated enthalpy of formation of CH3S at 0 K is 31.6 kcal/mol. This supports the value of 31.44 kcal/mol reported in a recent kinetics study over values of 34.2–35.5 kcal/mol obtained in recent photofragmentation studies. Theoretical S–H and C–H bond dissociation energies for CH3SH are 86.0 and 95.0 kcal/mol, respectively. G2 theory predicts the CH2SH+ cation to lie 33.1 kcal/mol lower in energy than the CH3S+ cation, in good agreement with the value of 33.5±2 kcal/mol obtained in a recent photoionization study, but differing significantly from results of previous experimental work that gave a much larger energy difference. The G2 enthalpies of formation at 0 K of CH2S, CH2S+, HCS, and HCS+ are calculated to be 28.7, 245.0, 70.8, and 241.7 kcal/mol, respectively.