gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional MRI in major depressive disorder: A review of findings, limitations, and future prospects (2022)

Objective diagnosis and prognosis in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains a challenge due to the absence of biomarkers based on physiological parameters or medical tests. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify functional magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarkers of depression that either objectively differentiate patients with depression from healthy subjects, predict personalized treatment outcome, or characterize biological subtypes of depression. While there are some findings of consistent functional biomarkers, there is still lack of robust data acquisition and analysis methodology. According to current findings, primarily, the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and default mode network play a crucial role in MDD. Yet, there are also less consistent results and the involvement of other regions or networks remains ambiguous. We further discuss image acquisition, processing, and analysis limitations that might underlie these inconsistencies. Finally, the current review aims to address and discuss possible remedies and future opportunities that could improve the search for consistent functional imaging biomarkers of depression. Novel acquisition techniques, such as multiband and multiecho imaging, and neural network-based cleaning approaches can enhance the signal quality in limbic and frontal regions. More comprehensive analyses, such as directed or dynamic functional features or the identification of biological depression subtypes, can improve objective diagnosis or treatment outcome prediction and mitigate the heterogeneity of MDD. Overall, these improvements in functional MRI imaging techniques, processing, and analysis could advance the search for biomarkers and ultimately aid patients with MDD and their treatment course.
Benarthin: A new inhibitor of pyroglutamyl peptidase. II. Physico-chemical properties and structure determination. (1992)

Benarthin, a new inhibitor of pyroglutamyl peptidase (PG-peptidase), has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces xanthophaeus MJ244-SF1. The structure of benarthin was determined to be L-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)argininyl-L-threonine by analysis of spectral properties and through chemical studies.
Quasiliving Carbocationic Polymerization. VI. Quasiliving Polymerization of lsobutyl Vinyl Ether (1982)

Abstract Quasiliving carbocationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) was achieved with the p-dicumyl chloride (p-DCC)/AgSbF6 initiating system in methylene chloride solvent at -70 and -90°C. The monomer was introduced as a steady, continuous stream to a premixed, well-stirred initiator solution (quasiliving technique). The number-average molecular weights (M n) of poly(IBVE) increased linearly with thecumulative weight of added monomer (WIBVE), and linear M n versus WIBVE plots passing through the origin were obtained. M n's were inversely proportional to the initial initiator concentration ([p-DCC]0) and were in agreement with theoretical values (WIBVE/[p-DCC]0) expected for quasiliving systems, The number of polymer chains produced per unit initiator (p-DCC) was close to unity and remainec unchanged during the early stages of the reactions. The poly-(IBVE) exhibited narrow molecular weight distributions with M w/M n ranging from 1.4 to 1.7. Polymerizations using methylene chloride solvent at highertemperatures (-30 and -50°C) also yielded linear ascending M n versus WIBVE plots; however, they showed intercepts. Using a nonpolar solvent (n-heptane), M n did not increase with WIBVE (-50°C) or M n versus WIBVE plots were strongly curved (-70°C), indicating slow initiation and the absence of quasiliving conditions. Evidently optimum conditions for quasiliving IBVE polymerization prevail only in polar media at lower temperatures.
Metabolic decisions in development and disease—a Keystone Symposia report (2021)

There is an increasing appreciation for the role of metabolism in cell signaling and cell decision making. Precise metabolic control is essential in development, as evident by the disorders caused by mutations in metabolic enzymes. The metabolic profile of cells is often cell-type specific, changing as cells differentiate or during tumorigenesis. Recent evidence has shown that changes in metabolism are not merely a consequence of changes in cell state but that metabolites can serve to promote and/or inhibit these changes. Metabolites can link metabolic pathways with cell signaling pathways via several mechanisms, for example, by serving as substrates for protein post-translational modifications, by affecting enzyme activity via allosteric mechanisms, or by altering epigenetic markers. Unraveling the complex interactions governing metabolism, gene expression, and protein activity that ultimately govern a cell's fate will require new tools and interactions across disciplines. On March 24 and 25, 2021, experts in cell metabolism, developmental biology, and human disease met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium, "Metabolic Decisions in Development and Disease." The discussions explored how metabolites impact cellular and developmental decisions in a diverse range of model systems used to investigate normal development, developmental disorders, dietary effects, and cancer-mediated changes in metabolism.
Data from Organoid Platform in Preclinical Investigation of Personalized Immunotherapy Efficacy in Appendiceal Cancer: Feasibility Study (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Immunotherapy efficacy data on appendiceal cancer from clinical trials does not exist, due to appendiceal cancer incidence of 0.97 per 100,000. The goal of this study was to preclinically explore the application of immunotherapy in treating appendiceal cancer in a personalized organoid model.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Patient tumor organoids (PTO) were fabricated using unsorted tumor cells with and without enrichment with patient-matched immune components derived from peripheral blood leukocytes, spleen, or lymph nodes [immune-enhanced PTOs (iPTO)]. Organoids were cultured for 7 days, followed by treatment with immunotherapy (pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab), and assessed for treatment efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Between September 2019 and May 2021, 26 patients were enrolled in the study. Successful testing was conducted in 19 of 26 (73.1%) patients, with 13 of 19 (68.4%) and 6 of 19 (31.6%) patients having low-grade appendiceal (LGA) and high-grade appendiceal (HGA) primaries, respectively. Immunotherapy response, with increased expression of granzyme B and cleaved caspase 3 and decreased expression of CK20 and ATP activity, was exhibited in 4 of 19 (21.1%) pembrolizumab-treated and 2 of 19 (10.5%) nivolumab-treated iPTOs. Post-immunotherapy cellular viability, in responding HGA organoids to pembrolizumab, decreased to less than 15% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). LGA iPTO treatment responses were observed in pembrolizumab and nivolumab, with an 8%–47.4% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) viability compared with controls. Ipilimumab showed no efficacy in the examined cohort.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Immunotherapy shows measurable efficacy in appendiceal cancer organoids. Information derived from immunocompetent organoids may be applied in selecting patients for clinical trial enrollment in rare diseases where preclinical models of disease are lacking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Small terminal MIMO channels with user interaction (2007)

This paper gives an overview of results obtained from measurements of different types of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. For the indoor case measurements were made at 5.8 GHz from access points (APs) to mobile stations (MSs) at different places in a large open office type room. These measurements led to the so-called room electromagnetics theory, allowing simple modeling of the channel. Also channels between realistic AP arrays and multiple realistic MS terminal arrays are measured including users. The correlation between all channels is found to be low. Outdoor measurements at 2.4 GHz were made in a cellular scenario in an urban environment with a phantom user holding a mobile device in browsing position. These measurements show that MIMO techniques are beneficial even for small handheld devices. Finally, vehicle to vehicle (VTV) highway measurements at 3.5 GHz allow an investigation of the potentials for communication between cars approaching as well as in convoy and from inside and outside the car. (6 pages)
Multicore erbium doped fiber amplifiers (2016)

We review recent progress of multi-core erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (MC-EDFA). We confirmed by demonstrating a core-pumped MC-EDFA that MC-EDFs have practical amplification characteristics and core-to-core crosstalk. Three types of cladding-pumped MC-EDFAs are also reviewed, one uses free space optics, other uses a fiber bundled fan-in, and the other uses a side-coupled pump combiner for cladding pumping. Finally, we demonstrate a desktop-type prototype of a cladding-pumped MC-EDFA using the pump combiner that consumes power of 33 W and has size of 430&times;430&times;99 mm<sup>3</sup> (width&times;depth&times;height).
Dissecting Biological Dark Matter: Single Cell Genetic Analysis of TM7, a Rare and Uncultivated Microbe from the Human Mouth (2007)

We have developed a microfluidic device that allows the isolation and genome amplification of individual microbial cells, thereby enabling organism-level genomic analysis of complex microbial ecosystems without the need for culture. This device was used to perform a directed survey of the human subgingival crevice and to isolate bacteria having rod-like morphology. Several isolated microbes had a 16S rRNA sequence that placed them in candidate phylum TM7, which has no cultivated or sequenced members. Genome amplification from individual TM7 cells allowed us to sequence and assemble &gt;1,000 genes, providing insight into the physiology of members of this phylum. This approach enables single-cell genetic analysis of any uncultivated minority member of a microbial community.
A web-based self-diagnosis tool to solve print quality issues (2006)

Print quality is an important factor for customer satisfaction. Resolving print quality issues poses special challenges for a manufacturer's support organization. We have developed a troubleshooting web site to enable customers to self-diagnose many of their print quality issues. The diagnosis is based on images of the printed test pages that contain highly accurate simulations of potential print quality defects. We discuss the development process of the website, the results of usability experiments conducted to improve the tool, the general characteristics of the web site, and the web site navigation and diagnosis process.
Croissance de films minces métalliques complexes : expériences et simulations (2013)

National audience
Tracking and separation of multiple moving speech sources via cardinality balanced multi-target multi Bernoulli (CBMeMBer) filter and time frequency masking (2016)

In a “conference room scenario”, the number of speech sources are not known a priori and the number of speech sources which are active remains unknown as these speech sources appear and disappear throughout the measurement period. Furthermore, the speech sources are moving so their mixing parameters change with time. As a result of this, traditional source separation techniques are limited by their capability to properly attribute the correct mixing parameters to the respective sources. The “conference room scenario” problem is very challenging as it involves the localization, tracking and separation of a time varying number of moving speech sources. An online solution which systematically solves “conference room scenario” problem by solving the source localization, tracking and separation in stages is proposed in this paper.
Application of Organoboron Polymer to Multi Layered Two-Photon Absorption Optical Memory (2010)

Three dimensional (3D) recording using two-photon absorption (TPA) is one of the most promising candidate for achieving larger capacity on optical memory. We demonstrated application of organoboron polymer introduced different substitution group to 3D optical memory with waveguide structure. The recording power of thiophene type organoboron polymer was lower than that of phenylene type material. Moreover, three dimensional recording and new reading out method which used CCD camera were tried. As a result, the recorded bits were scattered by the refractive index change and observed by the CCD camera as a clear two dimensional image, from which the information of multiple bits was obtained simultaneously. These results promise that the novel organoboron polymers newly synthesized and the new reading method of the recorded bits organoboron polymers are suitable for 3D optical memories.
On the visual analytic intelligence of neural networks (2022)

Visual oddity task was conceived as a universal ethnic-independent analytic intelligence test for humans. Advancements in artificial intelligence led to important breakthroughs, yet competing with humans on such analytic intelligence tasks remains challenging and typically resorts to non-biologically-plausible architectures. We present a biologically realistic system that receives inputs from synthetic eye movements - saccades, and processes them with neurons incorporating dynamics of neocortical neurons. We introduce a procedurally generated visual oddity dataset to train an architecture extending conventional relational networks and our proposed system. Both approaches surpass the human accuracy, and we uncover that both share the same essential underlying mechanism of reasoning. Finally, we show that the biologically inspired network achieves superior accuracy, learns faster and requires fewer parameters than the conventional network.
Optische Beobachtungsinstrumente (2020)

No AccessHandbuch Bauelemente der OptikJan 2020Optische BeobachtungsinstrumenteNorbert Aldiek, Martin Löffler-Mang, Gottfried SchröderNorbert Aldiek, Martin Löffler-Mang, Gottfried Schröderhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446461260.010SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 327-351Print ISBN: 978-3-446-46032-4eISBN: 978-3-446-46126-0 Copyright & Permissions© 2020 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Newborn screening by whole genome sequencing? Not quite yet. (2019)

Advances in sequencing technology and informatics have made it possible to elucidate the genomes of individuals 1,2 . With falling sequencing costs, and improving accuracy and speed of the technology, application of whole genome sequencing (WGS) is increasing in clinical research, and will likely soon be a clinical test. Here we propose that, while WGS holds great promise, it is premature to employ it as a newborn screening tool. We will suggest a tiered screening model that could be employed in the future.
Content-Based Rate-Adaptive transfer of SVC-encoded video over MIMO communication systems (2010)

A novel COntent-Based Rate-Adaptation (COBRA) model is proposed to improve the quality of video transmission over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with channel state information feedback (CSI). The model captures relationships among the video content type, video sub-stream bit-rates, achievable peak signal-to-noise ratios (PSNR), and channel bit error rate (BER). COBRA facilitates joint selection of physical layer parameters and video sub-stream configuration. Unlike existing methods, the COBRA model offers an efficient way of balancing losses in PSNR due to channel errors and non-transmission of some enhancements layers in a sub-stream, with a judicious mechanism of selecting sub-stream configurations and communication parameters. Simulations show that COBRA maintains video quality at acceptable levels over wide range of low channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values. It achieves the same video PSNR as obtained by the complete stream transmission at 10 dB higher channel SNR.
New method of particle management by high-sensitivity ISPM (2011)

• The particles condition was able to be understood more precisely by using the new ISPM. • When there are exchange parts, the in-situ cleaning to emphasize gas viscosity can be effective • The in-situ cleaning condition be optimized by using the new ISPM. • In conclusion, one of the keys to achieve the particle management is using high-sensitivity ISPM.
A Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Bounce Greater Than 1.4 ng/mL Is Clinically Significant After External Beam Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer (2006)

Using recursive partitioning techniques, a clinically significant PSA bounce occurred when the magnitude of the bounce was >1.4 ng/mL. This is important information to aid clinicians in determining management after RT.
Fast updates on read-optimized databases using multi-core CPUs (2011)

Read-optimized columnar databases use differential updates to handle writes by maintaining a separate write-optimized delta partition which is periodically merged with the read-optimized and compressed main partition. This merge process introduces significant overheads and unacceptable downtimes in update intensive systems, aspiring to combine transactional and analytical workloads into one system. In the first part of the paper, we report data analyses of 12 SAP Business Suite customer systems. In the second half, we present an optimized merge process reducing the merge overhead of current systems by a factor of 30. Our linear-time merge algorithm exploits the underlying high compute and bandwidth resources of modern multi-core CPUs with architecture-aware optimizations and efficient parallelization. This enables compressed in-memory column stores to handle the transactional update rate required by enterprise applications, while keeping properties of read-optimized databases for analytic-style queries.
Divergent T-cell receptor recognition modes of a HLA-I restricted extended tumour-associated peptide (2018)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I molecules generally bind short peptides (8-10 amino acids), although extended HLA-I restricted peptides (>10 amino acids) can be presented to T cells. However, the function of such extended HLA-I epitopes in tumour immunity, and how they would be recognised by T-cell receptors (TCR) remains unclear. Here we show that the structures of two distinct TCRs (TRAV4<sup>+</sup>TRAJ21<sup>+</sup>-TRBV28<sup>+</sup>TRBJ2-3<sup>+</sup> and TRAV4 <sup>+</sup> TRAJ8<sup>+</sup>-TRBV9<sup>+</sup>TRBJ2-1<sup>+</sup>), originating from a polyclonal T-cell repertoire, bind to HLA-B*07:02, presenting a 13-amino-acid-long tumour-associated peptide, NY-ESO-1<sub>60-72</sub>. Comparison of the structures reveals that the two TCRs differentially binds NY-ESO-1<sub>60-72</sub>-HLA-B*07:02 complex, and induces differing extent of conformational change of the NY-ESO-1<sub>60-72</sub> epitope. Accordingly, polyclonal TCR usage towards an extended HLA-I restricted tumour epitope translates to differing TCR recognition modes, whereby extensive flexibility at the TCR-pHLA-I interface engenders recognition.
Effectiveness of Oxide Films in Reducing Mercury Release from Amalgams (1992)

The release of mercury from four freshly-triturated amalgams into air, argon, and moist air environments was quantitated at three different temperatures. Although a measurable amount of mercury was released from dental amalgam, the evaporation rate was immediately reduced by several phenomena, the most important being the formation of an oxide film on the surface. This hypothesis was supported by the fact that release rates were elevated in an inert argon environment, but declined dramatically once air was introduced and oxidation could occur. The further amalgamation of "free" mercury, as well as the presence of water vapor, also contributed to the reduced release rates observed during aging. Mercury release was reduced to a negligible level within three to four hours after trituration. Only one of the amalgams, Tytin, demonstrated a thermal dependence for mercury release in air. The results of this study suggest that the exposure to mercury vapor from a freshly placed amalgam restoration would be negligible in consideration of the normal estimated daily intake from all other sources.
Evaluation of triple‐quantum‐filtered 23Na NMR in monitoring of intracellular na content in the perfused rat heart: Comparison of intra‐ and extracellular transverse relaxation and spectral amplitudes (1996)

Multiple-quantum filtered (MQF) NMR offers the possibility of monitoring intracellular (IC) Na content in the absence of shift reagents (SR), provided that (i) the contribution from IC Na to the MQF spectrum is substantial and responds to a change in IC Na content, and (ii) the amplitude of the extracellular (EC) MQF component remains constant during a change in IC Na content. The validity and basis for these conditions were examined in isolated perfused rat hearts using SR-aided and SR-free triple-quantum filtered (TQF) 23NaNMR. Despite a myocardial Na content that was only approximately 1/70 that of EC Na. IC Na contributed to over 25% of the total TQF spectrum acquired in the absence of SR. Transverse relaxation times (T2) were approximately twice as long for EC compared to IC Na, despite SR-induced relaxation of T2 for the former pool. However, the efficiency of generation of the TQF signal was similar for IC and EC Na, indicating that a much greater percentage of IC relative to EC Na exhibits TQ coherence. During constant perfusion with ouabain (0.2 mM for 25 min) or with a hypoxic and aglycemic solution (50 min), the amplitude of the IC TQF spectrum increased by approximately 330% and -280%, respectively. In contrast, the amplitude of the EC TQF spectra remained essentially constant for both interventions. The amplitude for IC Na increased approximately 250% relative to baseline during no-flow ischemia (60 min), whereas the amplitude of the EC TQF spectra decreased by approximately 33% before stabilizing. In SR-free experiments, the TQF spectral amplitude increased approximately 2-fold during the constant perfusion interventions, but did not change significantly during no-flow ischemia. These data suggest that the change in the TQF spectral amplitude during constant perfusion interventions is from IC Na, and that TQF techniques in the absence of SR may be useful in monitoring IC Na during these interventions. The fall in the amplitude of the EC TQF spectral amplitude during no-flow ischemia complicates the use of TQF techniques without SR during this intervention.