gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A3-2: The Signs and Symptoms of Heart Failure are Frequently Documented to Wax and Wane in the Years Prior to a Clinical Diagnosis of Heart Failure: Data from 4,644 Patients Followed in Primary Care (2013)

original study), tumor stage, comorbid conditions, presence of positive margins, seminal vesicle involvement or perineural invasion at RP, age at recurrence, year of recurrence, time to recurrence, and intensity of follow-up, Caucasian men were more likely than African-American men to receive SRT in this study population (OR 1.5; 95% CI 0.7-3.1). However, this difference did not reach statistical significance. The factors that did predict for receipt of SRT were the absence of comorbid conditions (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1-4.2), recurrence prior to 1994 (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4-5.6), and local (rather than biochemical) recurrence (OR 6.9; 95% CI 2.6-18.6). Conclusions: Although the difference in receipt of SRT between Caucasian and African-American men was not statistically significant, the point estimate suggests that Caucasian men were about 50% more likely to receive it. It is possible that this is a real difference, and that a study with a larger sample size would show that.
The role of cysteine 78 in fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine inactivation of rat liver S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. (1994)

Inactivation of rat liver S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by the site-directed reagent 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSBA) is associated with the formation of a disulfide bond between Cys-78 and Cys-112 (Takata, Y., and Fujioka, M. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4357-4362; Gomi, T., Ogawa, H., and Fujioka, M. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 13422-13425). To characterize the inactivation mechanism more precisely, the properties of four hydrolase proteins mutated at Cys-78 or Cys-112 were compared to those of the wild-type enzyme. When Cys-78 was mutated to either a serine or an alanine, proteins with greatly reduced enzymatic activity were obtained, large effects on kinetic constants were observed, and enzymatic activity was not affected by incubation with FSBA. When Cys-112 was mutated to either a serine or an alanine, the activity was similar to the wild-type protein, only small changes in the kinetic constants were observed, and the enzyme was inactivated more rapidly upon incubation with FSBA. FSBA inactivation of the C112A mutant protein was accompanied by the formation of a disulfide between Cys-78 and Cys-52. The data indicate that FSBA initially reacts with Cys-78 and that Cys-78 has an important role in the structure of the enzyme.
A multilayered scaffold for regeneration of smooth muscle and connective tissue layers (2020)

Tissue regeneration often requires recruitment of different cell types and rebuilding of two or more tissue layers to restore function. Here, we describe the creation of a novel multilayered scaffold with distinct fiber organizations-aligned to unaligned and dense to porous-to template common architectures found in adjacent tissue layers. Electrospun scaffolds were fabricated using a biodegradable, tyrosine-derived terpolymer, yielding densely-packed, aligned fibers that transition into randomly-oriented fibers of increasing diameter and porosity. We demonstrate that differently-oriented scaffold fibers direct cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and that scaffold fibers and ECM protein networks are maintained after decellularization. Smooth muscle and connective tissue layers are frequently adjacent in vivo; we show that within a single scaffold, the architecture supports alignment of contractile smooth muscle cells and deposition by fibroblasts of a meshwork of ECM fibrils. We rolled a flat scaffold into a tubular construct and, after culture, showed cell viability, orientation, and tissue-specific protein expression in the tube were similar to the flat-sheet scaffold. This scaffold design not only has translational potential for reparation of flat and tubular tissue layers but can also be customized for alternative applications by introducing two or more cell types in different combinations.
COMPARATIVE MODELING OF SINGLE-ENDED THROUGH-SILICON VIAS IN GS AND GSG CONFIGURATIONS UP TO V-BAND FREQUENCIES (2013)

This work presents a novel comparative modeling scheme for single-ended (SE) through-silicon vias (TSVs) in GSG and GS configurations. Physical scalable models based on the equations developed herein indicate that the use of two symmetric ground TSVs in GSG configuration relatively increases the parasitic capacitance and conductance in the silicon substrate. However, this increase in the parasitic capacitance requires that the parasitic inductance of SE TSV is reduced to maintain the same phase velocity in silicon. According to the modeling results, the GSG configuration has a larger insertion loss than that of the GS configuration because the former has a higher substrate conductance. Nevertheless, when measured using RF coaxial probes, the GSG configuration exhibits a larger measurement bandwidth than the GS configuration. Finally, with the assistance of a double-sided probing system, wideband S-parameter measurement can validate the established equivalent-circuit model of SE TSV in GSG configuration up to V-band frequencies.
Ciliated Foregut Cyst of the Gallbladder. A Diagnostic Challenge and Management Quandary (2014)

Ciliated foregut cysts are rare anomalies due to aberrant embryological development. Only a small number of gallbladder ciliated foregut cysts have been reported. We report the case of a 29-year-old woman presenting with epigastric pain associated with diarrhoea and vomiting, who was found to have raised serum bilirubin levels and abnormal liver function tests. Following a diagnostic pathway including abdominal ultrasound, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound the gallbladder cyst was provisionally diagnosed to be a cyst arising from the cystic duct or a duplicated gallbladder. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out and histopathology identified a ciliated foregut gallbladder cyst. The postoperative course was uneventful. In this report we offer what we believe to be an optimal diagnostic pathway and therapeutic strategy for this rare congenital cyst.
Anisotropic thermal expansion effects in layered n-Alkyl carboxylic acid – bipyridyl cocrystals (2021)

Cocrystallisation of butanoic acid (BA), pentanoic acid (PA), and eicosanoic acid (EA) with 4,4’-azopyridine (azp) and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) results in 2:1 lamellar cocrystals. All cocrystals display the OH···Npyridyl seven-membered ring supramolecular synthon however, each cocrystal responds differently upon heating. Positive thermal expansion (PTE) occurs along the c-axis due to π···π stacking in the isostructural BA cocrystals, while the PA cocrystals are not isostructural and display a mixture of anti and gauche conformations of the acid chains because of the length mismatch with the coformer. PA2·azp displays negative thermal expansion (NTE) of the intrasynthon C···O hydrogen bond. The two EA cocrystals both display c-axis elongation on warming due to the expansion of the distance between the alkyl chains. The expansion by more than 1 Å in EA2·azp is highly anisotropic, however, there is much less c-axis expansion in EA2·bpe.
A 65 nm, 850 MHz, 256 kbit, 4.3 pJ/access, Ultra Low Leakage Power Memory Using Dynamic Cell Stability and a Dual Swing Data Link (2012)

This paper presents the design of a high-speed ultra low power SRAM memory. Divided bit lines improve dynamic cell stability while at the same time decreasing active energy consumption. To limit unnecessary activity, word lines are divided on a word-by-word basis. Local write sense amplifiers make it possible to use low swing signaling on the global bit lines. To control this architecture, a distributed decoder is used. The use of dual swing data links on the global bit lines limits the impact of local write sense amplifier offset on the overall energy consumption. Using high threshold transistors in the memory cells reduces static power consumption and improves the cell's read stability. A partly dynamic decoder structure increases memory speed at a very low energy cost. The timing of this memory is made configurable to be able to cope with PVT variations without increasing design margins. The designed 256 kbit memory was fabricated in a 65 nm triple-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> process. It operates up to a speed of 850 MHz while only consuming 4.3 pJ/access for a word length of 32 bit. Standby leakage power is 25.2 W. This memory clearly outperforms other state-of-the-art designs when targeting high-speed, low-leakage and low active energy applications.
The configurable tree graph (CT-graph): measurable problems in partially observable and distal reward environments for lifelong reinforcement learning (2023)

This paper introduces a set of formally defined and transparent problems for reinforcement learning algorithms with the following characteristics: (1) variable degrees of observability (non-Markov observations), (2) distal and sparse rewards, (3) variable and hierarchical reward structure, (4) multiple-task generation, (5) variable problem complexity. The environment provides 1D or 2D categorical observations, and takes actions as input. The core structure of the CT-graph is a multi-branch tree graph with arbitrary branching factor, depth, and observation sets that can be varied to increase the dimensions of the problem in a controllable and measurable way. Two main categories of states, decision states and wait states, are devised to create a hierarchy of importance among observations, typical of real-world problems. A large observation set can produce a vast set of histories that impairs memory-augmented agents. Variable reward functions allow for the easy creation of multiple tasks and the ability of an agent to efficiently adapt in dynamic scenarios where tasks with controllable degrees of similarities are presented. Challenging complexity levels can be easily achieved due to the exponential growth of the graph. The problem formulation and accompanying code provide a fast, transparent, and mathematically defined set of configurable tests to compare the performance of reinforcement learning algorithms, in particular in lifelong learning settings.
A digital fluxgate magnetic sensor interface using sigma-delta modulation for weak magnetic field measurement (2003)

This paper presents a weak magnetic field measurement system using micro-fluxgate sensors and a sensor signal processing technique using the sigma-delta modulation in the negative feedback loop. The feedback of low-pass filtered bitstream output of a sigma-delta modulator to the magnetic field improves system linearity, hysteresis and stability. The third-order noise shaping can be obtained in the digital output bit-stream by the use of an integrator in the loop. Earth's magnetic field is successfully measured. The non-linearity error is less then 0.4 % in the range of /spl plusmn/ 100 /spl mu/T.
A simian immunodeficiency virus envelope V3 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope in rhesus monkeys and its restricting major histocompatibility complex class I molecule Mamu-A*02 (1994)

The use of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaque model for assessing human immunodeficiency virus vaccine strategies will be facilitated by the characterization of predominant SIV cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes and their restricting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in macaque species. We now define a rhesus monkey SIVmac CTL epitope in the third hypervariable region of the envelope glycoprotein of the virus. This epitope, YNLTMKCR, contains the first two amino acids of a cysteine-cysteine loop which is the SIVmac analog of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 V3 loop. We also employed one-dimensional isoelectric focusing to characterize the MHC class I molecule of the rhesus monkey that binds this SIVmac envelope peptide fragment. Cloning and sequencing the cDNA encoding this rhesus monkey MHC class I molecule demonstrates that it is a newly described HLA-A homolog, Mamu-A*02. This viral CTL epitope and its restricting MHC class I molecule will facilitate the use of the SIVmac rhesus monkey model for studies of envelope-based vaccine strategies and for exploring AIDS immunopathogenesis.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Postoperative Morbidity After Elective Orthopedic Surgery (2011)

Ackland, Gareth L.*; Moran, Noeleen*; Cone, Steven†; Grocott, Michael P.W.†‡; Mythen, Michael G.†‡ Author Information
Cloning of Zebrafish Neurofilament cDNAs for Plasticin and Gefiltin: Increased mRNA Expression in Ganglion Cells After Optic Nerve Injury (1998)

During retinal growth and optic axon regeneration, the differential expression of the neuronal intermediate filament proteins, plasticin and gefiltin, in the goldfish visual pathway suggests that these proteins support programmed axonal growth. To investigate plasticin and gefiltin during axonogenesis, we turned to the zebrafish, a system that is more amenable to mutational analysis. As a first step, we demonstrated that the intermediate filament compositions of goldfish and zebrafish are similar. In addition, the cDNAs for zebrafish plasticin and gefiltin were cloned and characterized. Using in situ hybridization in retina, we show increased mRNA levels for these proteins following optic nerve crush. Zebrafish plasticin and gefiltin peak and return to baseline levels of expression more rapidly than in goldfish. Furthermore, in the unoperated eye of experimental fish, there was a moderate increase in the levels of plasticin and gefiltin mRNA, suggesting that soluble factors influence the expression of these proteins. The successive expression of plasticin and gefiltin suggests that these neuronal intermediate filament proteins are integral components of axonogenesis. The cloning and characterization of cDNAs for plasticin and gefiltin permit mutational analyses of these proteins during zebrafish axonogenesis.
Fusion of Geometry and Color Information for Scene Segmentation (2012)

Scene segmentation is a well-known problem in computer vision traditionally tackled by exploiting only the color information from a single scene view. Recent hardware and software developments allow to estimate in real-time scene geometry and open the way for new scene segmentation approaches based on the fusion of both color and depth data. This paper follows this rationale and proposes a novel segmentation scheme where multidimensional vectors are used to jointly represent color and depth data and normalized cuts spectral clustering is applied to them in order to segment the scene. The critical issue of how to balance the two sources of information is solved by an automatic procedure based on an unsupervised metric for the segmentation quality. An extension of the proposed approach based on the exploitation of both images in stereo vision systems is also proposed. Different acquisition setups, like time-of-flight cameras, the Microsoft Kinect device and stereo vision systems have been used for the experimental validation. A comparison of the effectiveness of the different depth imaging systems for segmentation purposes is also presented. Experimental results show how the proposed algorithm outperforms scene segmentation algorithms based on geometry or color data alone and also other approaches that exploit both clues.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Catalyzed Epoxidations (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of plant food potassium salts (citrate, galacturonate or tartrate) on acid–base status and digestive fermentations in rats (2007)

Potassium (K) organic anion salts, such as potassium citrate or potassium malate in plant foods, may counteract low-grade metabolic acidosis induced by western diets, but little is known about the effect of other minor plant anions. Effects of K salts (chloride, citrate, galacturonate or tartrate) were thus studied on the mineral balance and digestive fermentations in groups of 6-week-old rats adapted to an acidogenic/5 % inulin diet. In all diet groups, substantial amounts of lactate and succinate were present in the caecum, besides SCFA. SCFA were poorly affected by K salts conditions. The KCl-supplemented diet elicited an accumulation of lactate in the caecum; whereas the lactate caecal pool was low in rats fed the potassium tartrate-supplemented (K TAR) diet. A fraction of tartrate (around 50 %) was recovered in urine of rats fed the K TAR diet. Potassium citrate and potassium galacturonate diets exerted a marked alkalinizing effect on urine pH and promoted a notable citraturia (around 0.5 micro mol/24 h). All the K organic anion salts counteracted Ca and Mg hyperexcretion in urine, especially potassium tartrate as to magnesuria. The present findings indicate that K salts of unabsorbed organic anions exert alkalinizing effects when metabolizable in the large intestine, even if K and finally available anions (likely SCFA) are not simultaneously bioavailable. Whether this observation is also relevant for a fraction of SCFA arising from dietary fibre breakdown (which represents the major organic anions absorbed in the digestive tract in man) deserves further investigation.
NOVA (2010)

The availability of virtualization features in modern CPUs has reinforced the trend of consolidating multiple guest operating systems on top of a hypervisor in order to improve platform-resource utilization and reduce the total cost of ownership. However, today's virtualization stacks are unduly large and therefore prone to attacks. If an adversary manages to compromise the hypervisor, subverting the security of all hosted operating systems is easy. We show how a thin and simple virtualization layer reduces the attack surface significantly and thereby increases the overall security of the system. We have designed and implemented a virtualization architecture that can host multiple unmodified guest operating systems. Its trusted computing base is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that of existing systems. Furthermore, on recent hardware, our implementation outperforms contemporary full virtualization environments.
Using occluding contours for recovering shape properties of objects (2003)

The authors present an algorithm for detecting occluding contours and for reconstructing the depth map along them. An algorithm for computing the two main curvatures of the surface in the neighborhood of the occluding contours is also given. The authors show that occluding edges are a robust source of 3D information. Points on the rim can be accurately reconstructed, and good estimates for the second-order differential properties of the surface in the vicinity of the rim can be obtained. Results obtained using the algorithms on synthetic and real data are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Review: Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor‐γ and Its Role in the Development and Treatment of Diabetes (2004)

Since its identification as the receptor for antidiabetic thiazolidinedione drugs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) has been the focus of pharmaceutical drug discovery programs directed toward finding better drugs for the treatment of diabetes, as well as the object of basic research aimed at understanding its role in the regulation of metabolism. We now understand a great deal about the crucial role that PPARgamma plays in adipocyte differentiation and development, and are rapidly gaining knowledge about the role of the receptor in the regulation of metabolism. However, many crucial aspects of the molecular mechanism by which modulation of PPARgamma activity affects insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis are still not clearly understood. Here the authors review the current status of PPARgamma research, with an emphasis on its role in the causes and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized indoor photovoltaics with efficiencies exceeding 25% (2020)

Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized indoor photovoltaics fabricated using polymer blend electrolytes, judicious cosensitization and polymeric catalysts show efficiencies beyond 25% under 1000-lux artificial lighting.
Hormonal influence on the secretory immune system of the eye: androgen regulation of secretory component levels in rat tears. (1984)

The present study examined the influence of gender and steroid hormones on the level of free secretory component (SC) in tears of rats. The SC concentration in tears of male rats was approximately five-fold greater than that found in tears of females. This difference could not be accounted for by variations in tear volume or a suppression of tear SC content in female rats during certain stages of the estrous cycle. Rather, the elevated level of SC in tears of males appeared to be due to the effect of androgens. Castration of male, but not female, rats resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the SC content of tears. Administration of testosterone to orchiectomized rats reversed this decline and induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in the tear SC concentration. This response appeared specific for androgens, because treatment of orchiectomized rats with progesterone, estradiol, or cortisol had no effect on total tear SC. Consistent with this hypothesis was our finding that injection of castrated male rats with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone also raised the tear SC concentration. Of interest, the androgen-induced increase of the SC level in tears was not accompanied by similar changes in total tear protein. These results suggest that androgens may influence the production and/or secretion of SC by ocular tissues. Furthermore, our findings indicate that androgens play a role in the ocular secretory immune system of the rat.
Distinct and shared functions of ALS-associated proteins TDP-43, FUS and TAF15 revealed by multisystem analyses (2016)

The RNA-binding protein (RBP) TAF15 is implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To compare TAF15 function to that of two ALS-associated RBPs, FUS and TDP-43, we integrate CLIP-seq and RNA Bind-N-Seq technologies, and show that TAF15 binds to â¼4,900 RNAs enriched for GGUA motifs in adult mouse brains. TAF15 and FUS exhibit similar binding patterns in introns, are enriched in 3' untranslated regions and alter genes distinct from TDP-43. However, unlike FUS and TDP-43, TAF15 has a minimal role in alternative splicing. In human neural progenitors, TAF15 and FUS affect turnover of their RNA targets. In human stem cell-derived motor neurons, the RNA profile associated with concomitant loss of both TAF15 and FUS resembles that observed in the presence of the ALS-associated mutation FUS R521G, but contrasts with late-stage sporadic ALS patients. Taken together, our findings reveal convergent and divergent roles for FUS, TAF15 and TDP-43 in RNA metabolism.