gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery and validation of genomic regions associated with resistance to maize lethal necrosis in four biparental populations (2018)

In sub-Saharan Africa, maize is the key determinant of food security for smallholder farmers. The sudden outbreak of maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease is seriously threatening the maize production in the region. Understanding the genetic basis of MLN resistance is crucial. In this study, we used four biparental populations applied linkage mapping and joint linkage mapping approaches to identify and validate the MLN resistance-associated genomic regions. All populations were genotyped with low to high density markers and phenotyped in multiple environments against MLN under artificial inoculation. Phenotypic variation for MLN resistance was significant and heritability was moderate to high in all four populations for both early and late stages of disease infection. Linkage mapping revealed three major quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 3, 6, and 9 that were consistently detected in at least two of the four populations. Phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL in each population ranged from 3.9% in population 1 to 43.8% in population 2. Joint linkage association mapping across three populations with three biometric models together revealed 16 and 10 main effect QTL for MLN-early and MLN-late, respectively. The QTL identified on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 9 were consistent with the QTL identified by linkage mapping. Ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction with five-fold cross-validation revealed high accuracy for prediction across populations for both MLN-early and MLN-late. Overall, the study discovered and validated the presence of major effect QTL on chromosomes 3, 6, and 9 which can be potential candidates for marker-assisted breeding to improve the MLN resistance.
Electric-field-induced layer reorientation in ferroelectric liquid crystals (1989)

We show that a sufficiently large ac electric field reorients the smectic layers irreversibly in chiral smectic-C liquid crystals. Using uniformly aligned samples, prepared by unidirectional buffing, it is demonstrated that at a given temperature the layers tilt away from the buffing axis, b^, by an angle equal to the molecular tilt angle of the smectic-C phase. In this new configuration the molecules lie along b^ and the layers are tilted. It is also found that a small dc bias field can control the direction of the tilted layers with respect to b^. Furthermore, microscopic observations suggest that the chevron layers, common in the ferroelectric smectic-C phase, are absent after the electic field treatment which eliminates zig-zag-type defects.
Syntheses and Discovery of a Novel Class of Cinnamic Hydroxamates as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors by Multimodality Molecular Imaging in Living Subjects (2014)

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) that regulate gene expression are being explored as cancer therapeutic targets. In this study, we focused on HDAC6 based on its ability to inhibit cancerous Hsp90 chaperone activities by disrupting Hsp90/p23 interactions. To identify novel HDAC6 inhibitors, we used a dual-luciferase reporter system in cell culture and living mice by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). On the basis of existing knowledge, a library of hydrazone compounds was generated for screening by coupling cinnamic hydroxamates with aldehydes and ketones. Potency and selectivity were determined by in vitro HDAC profiling assays, with further evaluation to inhibit Hsp90(α/β)/p23 interactions by BLI. In this manner, we identified compound 1A12 as a dose-dependent inhibitor of Hsp90(α/β)/p23 interactions, UKE-1 myeloid cell proliferation, p21(waf1) upregulation, and acetylated histone H3 levels. 1A12 was efficacious in tumor xenografts expressing Hsp90(α)/p23 reporters relative to carrier control-treated mice as determined by BLI. Small animal (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging on the same cohort showed that 1A12 also inhibited glucose metabolism relative to control subjects. Ex vivo analyses of tumor lysates showed that 1A12 administration upregulated acetylated-H3 by approximately 3.5-fold. Taken together, our results describe the discovery and initial preclinical validation of a novel selective HDAC inhibitor.
Magnetostructural study of substituted α-nitronyl aminoxyl radicals with chlorine and hydroxy groups as crystalline design elements (1997)

We present a new family of phenyl substituted α-nitronyl aminoxyl radicals which contain hydroxy- and chlorine-substituents as crystal engineering tools. The magnetic behaviour of these radicals strongly differs in dimensionality and strength, showing in all cases antiferromagnetic interactions. We have determined the X-ray crystal structure and analysed the crystal packings of these radicals. From this analysis all the observed magnetic properties can be conveniently rationalized by only considering the close contacts of NO groups of neighbouring molecules according to the generally accepted mechanisms for intermolecular magnetic interactions. Beside the strong O–H‥O(–N) hydrogen bonds and the weaker C–H‥O(–N) hydrogen bonds, weak Cl‥H bonds also seem to play a significant role in determining the molecular arrangement in the solid state and, therefore, the magnetic properties. In only one case are close Cl‥Cl contacts observed, pointing to attractive interactions between chlorine atoms.
Signal Transduction Pathways Involved in the Mitogenic Activity of Pleiotrophin (1997)

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a developmentally regulated protein which exhibits neurite-outgrowth, mitogenic, and angiogenic properties. It has also been shown to be involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Here we used primary BEL (bovine epithelial lens) cells to investigate the signal transduction pathways involved in the mitogenic activity of recombinant PTN. PTN was purified from conditioned media of SW-13 cells transfected with the human PTN cDNA. We show that inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, or phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase inhibit DNA synthesis stimulated by PTN. Analysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins following PTN stimulation showed phosphorylation of two novel 190- and 215-kDa proteins in addition to SHC, ERK1, and ERK2. A mobility shift of phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 was detected with a panERK antibody confirming the phosphorylation of the two ERKs. Furthermore, in vitro immunocomplex kinase assay with Akt1, a natural substrate of PI 3-kinase, showed an activation of the kinase following PTN stimulation and a reversal by the PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. We conclude that the mitogenic activity of PTN is dependent on tyrosine kinase activation and utilizes the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the PI 3-kinase pathways to transduce a mitogenic signal.
RWD-Cockpit: Application for Quality Assessment of Real-world Data (2022)

The results from the application of the framework of RWD metrics implemented in the RWD-Cockpit application suggests that multiple data sets can be preliminarily evaluated in terms of quality using the proposed metrics. The output scores-quality identifiers-provide a first quality assessment for the use of RWD. Although extensive challenges remain to be addressed to set RWD quality standards, our proposal can serve as an initial blueprint for community efforts in the characterization of RWD quality for regulated settings.
Welcome to 2016 Hot Chips (2016)

Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
Octave-spanning infrared supercontinuum generation in robust chalcogenide nanotapers using picosecond pulses (2012)

We report on infrared supercontinuum generation extending over more than one octave of bandwidth, from 850 nm to 2.35 μm, produced in a single spatial mode from a robust, compact, composite chalcogenide glass nanotaper. A picosecond laser at 1.55 μm pumps a high-index-contrast, all-solid nanotaper that strongly confines the field to a 480 nm diameter core, while a thermally compatible built-in polymer jacket lends the nanotaper mechanical stability.
Genetic T-type calcium channelopathies (2019)

T-type channels are low-voltage-activated calcium channels that contribute to a variety of cellular and physiological functions, including neuronal excitability, hormone and neurotransmitter release as well as developmental aspects. Several human conditions including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, motor neuron disorders and aldosteronism have been traced to variations in genes encoding T-type channels. In this short review, we present the genetics of T-type channels with an emphasis on structure-function relationships and associated channelopathies.
Preclinical evaluation of a novel cyanine dye for tumor imaging within vivophotoacoustic imaging (2014)

Photoacoustic imaging (PA imaging or PAI) has shown great promise in the detection and monitoring of cancer. Although nanocarrier-based contrast agents have been studied for use in PAI, small molecule contrast agents are required due to their ease of preparation, costeffectiveness, and low toxicity. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of a novel cyanine dye IC7-1-Bu as a PAI contrast agent without conjugated targeting moieties for in vivo tumor imaging in a mice model. Basic PA characteristics of IC7-1-Bu were compared with indocyanine green (ICG), a Food and Drug Administration approved dye, in an aqueous solution. We evaluated the tumor accumulation profile of IC7-1-Bu and ICG by in vivo fluorescence imaging. In vivo PAI was then performed with a photoacoustic tomography system 24 and 48 h after intravenous injection of IC7-1-Bu into tumor bearing mice. IC7-1-Bu showed about a 2.3-fold higher PA signal in aqueous solution compared with that of ICG. Unlike ICG, IC7-1-Bu showed high tumor fluorescence after intravenous injection. In vivo PAI provided a tumor to background PA signal ratio of approximately 2.5 after intravenous injection of IC7-1-Bu. These results indicate that IC7-1-Bu is a promising PAI contrast agent for cancer imaging without conjugation of targeting moieties.
Correction methods for random coincidences in 3D wholebody PET imaging (2002)

With the advantages of the increased sensitivity of 3D PET imaging for wholebody imaging come the challenges of more complicated quantitative corrections, and in particular an increase in the random coincidence field of view (FOV) relative to the true coincidence FOV. The most common method of correcting for random coincidences is the on-line subtraction of a delayed coincidence channel, which does not add bias but increases noise. An alternative approach is the post-acquisition subtraction of a low noise random coincidence estimate, which can be from a smoothed delayed coincidence channel, a calibration scan, or directly estimated. Each method makes different tradeoffs between noise amplification, bias, and data processing requirements. These tradeoffs are dependent on activity injected, the local imaging environment (e.g. near the bladder), and the reconstruction algorithm. Using 3D wholebody simulations and phantom studies, we show that the gains in sinogram NEC by using a noiseless random coincidence estimation method are translated to improvements in image SNR. The image SNR, however, depends on the image reconstruction method and the local imaging environment. For 3D wholebody imaging, a low noise estimate of random coincidences based on the single photon rates improves sinogram and image SNRs by approximately 15% compared to on-line subtraction of delayed coincidences, and performs only slightly worse than using a 3D extension of the Casey-Hoffman smoothing of a separately acquired delayed coincidence sinogram.
Au/TiO2-Catalyzed Selective Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds (2006)

Chemoselective hydrogenation of nitro compounds was achieved by using a Au/TiO2 catalyst with hydrogen. Thus, when the reaction of 3-nitrostyrene was carried out with Au/TiO2 (0.23 mol%) under H2 (9 bar) at 120 °C for 6 h,3-vinylaniline was obtained in 98.5% conversion with 95.9% selectivity. The chemoselective reductions of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzonitrile and 4-nitrobenzamide were also performed under similar conditions to give the corresponding anilines in high conversion with high selectivity, where formyl, nitrile and amide groups were intact. Cyclohexanone oxime, a precursor of ε-caprolactam, was efficiently prepared from 1-nitro-1-cyclohexene with this catalytic system.
Application of heuristic UTD formulation for describing scattering by a thin and multilayer anisotropic slab (2021)

The previously developed heuristic uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) corner and wedge diffraction coefficients for a thin lossless anisotropic slab are generalized and applied for predicting electromagnetic scattering by a thin and multilayer anisotropic slab with complex permittivity and permeability tensors. The effective reflection and transmission coefficients of a thin and multilayer slab are used in the heuristic formulation to determine the scattered fields. Numerical results are provided for various scattering problems that demonstrate the application of the heuristic formulations for a thin and multilayer structure.
The repulsion of electrical contacts crossed by short-circuit currents (2001)

The study of forces exerted by an arc on silver-based electrical contacts is important in order to understand the dynamic phenomena concerning the opening or closing phases of contacts in a variety of switching applications. For that, an experimental device was built. It allows us to measure accurately the force on the static electrode and the displacement of the mobile electrode (and hence the force on it) when the two contacts, crossed by a current pulse (from 0 to 4 kA) separate. The measured forces are the sum of Lorentz magnetic forces (constriction force and loop effect force) and blow open forces due to the arc plasma (evaporation and (or) decomposition of contact materials). A simple method allowed us to asses the value of the blow open forces. We have also studied the influence on the measured forces of the contact material, the amplitude of the current pulse, the polarity of the electrodes. For the electrode materials tested in this study (Ag-SnO2, Ag-CdO and Ag-CW), it appeared that forces exerted on cathode and anode are of the same order and that AgSnO2 use allows to have higher forces (and longer opening phase) than for the two other materials and then may decrease the contact welding.
Dynamic Time to Surge Computation for Electric Driven Gas Compressors during Voltage Dips (2016)

This paper investigates the influence of voltage dips on large electric driven gas compressors (EDC) considering a typical application in the oil and gas industry. Voltage or power dips are electric disturbances encountered in EDC which are mainly caused by faults in the electrical grid and might last for durations up to 150 ms. For gas compression applications, the loss of driver torque often puts the gas compression process at risk of surge conditions, which is a safety critical constraint. The critical nature of the present problem and the fast dynamics involved, pose challenging requirements for the control and safety systems of the gas compressor and the variable-speed drive system. The main focus of the present paper is the dynamic computation of the time to surge using online information of the estimated motor torque and a process model to predict the future behavior of the compression system. The time to surge can then be used for ride-through or shut-down decisions of the complete system, as well as for manipulating safety valves, e.g. the anti-surge valve. The fulfillment of strict real-time requirements and their direct implications on the complexity of the chosen prediction model and the implementation of the algorithm on an embedded system are also addressed in this article. As an industrial case study, the algorithm is applied to a voltage dip situation using high fidelity simulation data of a compression station.
Polyelectrolyte Coacervates Deposited as High Gas Barrier Thin Films (2016)

Multilayer coatings consisting of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes have proven to be extraordinarily effective oxygen barriers but require many processing steps to fabricate. In an effort to prepare high oxygen barrier thin films more quickly, a polyelectrolyte complex coacervate composed of polyethylenimine and polyacrylic acid is prepared. The coacervate fluid is applied as a thin film using a rod coating process. With humidity and thermal post-treatment, a 2 µm thin film reduces the oxygen transmission rate of 0.127 mm poly(ethylene terephthalate) by two orders of magnitude, rivalling conventional oxygen barrier technologies. These films are fabricated in ambient conditions using low-cost, water-based solutions, providing a tremendous opportunity for single-step deposition of polymeric high barrier thin films.
Separation of Coenzyme Q10 in Palm Oil by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (2006)

Palm oil is known to host a variety of phytonutrients; some having antioxidant property such as the carotenes and vitamin E. These antioxidants are also present in the oil recovered from the palm-pressed fibre. Study was carried out to investigate the presence of coenzyme Q10, yet another non-glyceride compound which possesses antioxidant property in crude palm oil (CPO) and palm fibre oil. Separation of coenzyme Q10 in CPO and palm fibre oil was carried out using supercritical fluid chromatography with ultra violet detection. 1H and 13C NMR were used for its characterisation. Calibration with authentic standard shows that there are 10-80 ppm coenzyme Q10 in CPO while its concentration in palm fibre oil is 1000-1500 ppm.
Nitric Oxide Emissions during Coal and Coal/Biomass Combustion under Air-Fired and Oxy-fuel Conditions (2010)

Nitric oxide (NO) emissions are measured during the combustion of sub-bituminous Powder River Basin coal and coal/sawdust mixtures under air-fired and oxy-fuel conditions in a once-through laboratory-scale (30 kWth) unpiloted combustor. In this system, flame attachment to the burner appeared to be the most important parameter for obtaining the lowest possible NO emissions. Oxy-coal conditions in which air was replaced with a 30% O2/70% CO2 mixture in both the primary and secondary oxidizer streams resulted in a 20% reduction in NO. When the O2 concentration in the primary and secondary streams was varied, an optimum set of conditions resulting in minimal NO formation was found. Varying the adiabatic flame temperature by altering the secondary oxidizer gas composition had little effect on NO emissions, provided that the temperature was sufficient to maintain a burner-attached flame. Sawdust co-firing in one scenario resulted in flame instability and increased NO formation. When stable flame conditions were achieved, the effect of sawdust co-firing on NO emissions was dependent upon the sawdust particle size, with larger particles having little effect on NO emissions and smaller particles reducing NO emissions under air-fired conditions but not under oxy-fuel conditions.
CO2 verstärkte CT-gesteuerte Implantation von Aortenstents: Machbarkeitsstudie im Tiermodell (2010)

Ziele: Evaluation der Machbarkeit der CT-gesteuerten aortalen Stentimplantation in die infrarenale Aorta abdominalis. Methode: Die Studie erfolgte an fünf Hausschweinen (70–80kg). In Intubationsnarkose erfolgte zunächst eine CO2-verstärkte CT-Arteriographie der infrarenalen Aorta. Die CO2 Applikation wurde dabei mittels eines computergeregelten Massedurchflussmessers gesteuert. Nach operativer Freilegung der rechten Iliakalarterie wurde ein 18mm durchmessender Stent-Graft (Zenith, Cook, Natick, MA, USA) in die Aorta vorgebracht. Unter CT-Fluoroskopie mit intermittierender intraarterieller CO2-Gabe wurde der Stent-Graft an der caudalen Circumferenz der weiter distalen Nierenarterie platziert und freigesetzt. Die Position der Prothese wurde mittels CT-Angiographie und digitaler Subtraktionsangiographie kontrolliert. Ergebnis: Die CO2-CT-Arteriographie ermöglichte die Identifikation der Nierenarterien bei allen Tieren. Bei drei Tieren lag die rechte Nierenarterie weiter kaudal, während in den verbleibenden zwei Tieren die linke Nierenarterie weiter kaudal lag. Die CT-gesteuerte Implantation aortaler Stent-Grafts war bei allen Tieren ohne Komplikationen erfolgreich möglich. Die CO2 verstärkte CT-Fluoroskopie ermöglichte eine kontnuierliche Echtzeit-Überwachung der Prozedur. Bei allen Tieren konnte der Stent-Graft unmittelbar an der jeweils weiter kaudal liegenden Nierenarterie ohne Obstruktion des Gefäßes platziert werden. Der Abstand zur kaudalen Circumferenz des Zielgefäßes betrug 0,9±0,3cm. Schlussfolgerung: Die CO2 verstärkte CT-Fluoroskopie erlaubt die präzise infrarenale Platzierung aortaler Stent-Grafts. Diese Technik ermöglicht es den proximalen Aneurysmahals optimal auszunutzen.
Visual emotion recognition using compact facial representations and viseme information (2010)

Emotion expression is an essential part of human interaction. Rich emotional information is conveyed through the human face. In this study, we analyze detailed motion-captured facial information of ten speakers of both genders during emotional speech. We derive compact facial representations using methods motivated by Principal Component Analysis and speaker face normalization. Moreover, we model emotional facial movements by conditioning on knowledge of speech-related movements (articulation). We achieve average classification accuracies on the order of 75% for happiness, 50-60% for anger and sadness and 35% for neutrality in speaker independent experiments. We also find that dynamic modeling and the use of viseme information improves recognition accuracy for anger, happiness and sadness, as well as for the overall unweighted performance.
Cloud-assisted buffer management for HTTP-based mobilevideo streaming (2013)

This paper studies a cloud-assisted procedure to improve the user's Quality of Experience (QoE) in HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) services. HAS delivers video streaming services following a client-server architecture and requires the client to originate repeated HTTP requests to download chunks of encoded video. In state-of-the-art systems, the client selects the actual chunk to be downloaded from a finite set of differently encoded video versions available at the server site, according to a client-based buffer management procedure.
Electrochemical Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species at Pt (111)—A Density Functional Theory Study (2015)

Density functional theory was used to investigate the influence of the Pt adsorption state on the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) as two important reactive oxygen species. We generated the free energy diagrams of reduction sequences involving O2 and H2O2 as reactants and H2O2, •OH, or H2O as products. The Pt (111)–water interface was considered in three adsorption states that are encountered in different regions of the electrode potential: an adsorption state with a monolayer of hydrogen (low electrode potential); a clean surface (intermediate potential); and an adsorption state with 1/3 of a monolayer of oxygen (high potential). Results reveal a strong impact of surface water interactions on the pathways of water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. In agreement with experimental results reported in the literature, we found that the oxygen reduction pathway is highly sensitive to the hydrogen coverage. Coverage by one monolayer hydrogen renders the surface highly hydrophobic, thereby suppressing its activity for the oxygen reduction. Therefore, for high hydrogen coverage, the formation of H2O2 by a two-electron pathway becomes a preferred path. We discuss results in the context of radical-initiated chemical degradation of polymer electrolyte membranes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.