gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoprotective murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the outer-core polysaccharide and for the O-antigen of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (1987)

The antigen specificity of two immunoprotective monoclonal antibodies derived from mice immunized with Escherichia coli 0111:B4 bacteria and boosted with purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were investigated. One of the antibodies, B7, was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunostaining to bind to the O-antigen containing LPS species, whereas the other antibody, 5B10, reacted with both O-antigen containing homologs and the O-antigen-deficient LPS. 5B10 did not bind to LPS from E. coli J5, an Rc mutant of E. coli 0111:B4 that lacks both the O-antigen and outer core sugars. 5B10 did not cross-react with LPS from several other E. coli strains. Thus 5B10 appeared to recognize a type-specific epitope in the outer core of LPS exclusive of Rc determinants. The monoclonal antibody specific for the polymeric O-antigen is of the IgG3 subclass, and the monoclonal antibody 5B10 specific for the outer core of LPS is an IgG2a. Although B7 and 5B10 were equally able to protect mice from a lethal challenge of E. coli 0111:B4 organisms, the outer core-specific IgG2a antibody was much more efficient at mediating the binding of human complement C3 than the O-antigen-specific IgG3 monoclonal antibody.
Auslegung von Einstoff‐Druckdüsen (1982)

Abstract Design of single substance pressure jets . The single substance pressure jet most commonly used produces liquid lamellae. These then degenerate to drops in the surrounding gas as a consequence of aerodynamic wave formation. The size of the droplets generated decreases according to Δ p −1/3 . Calculation of droplet size can be unified by defining a lamella number. The lamella number expresses the drop in lamella thickness with increasing jet distance relative to the diameter of the jet. The smaller the geometry‐dependent lamella number, the smaller the droplets relative to the diameter of the jet. The hollow cone jet produces the smallest lamella number and thus generates the smallest droplets. However, the liquid in the twist chamber of hollow conical jets at higher viscosities are decelerated much slower than in fan‐shaped jets. Measuring methods for determining the principal characteristics of jets are demonstrated for hollow conical and fanshaped jets. Turbulence jets, such as solid conical jets, produce droplets some 5 to 10 times larger than those in hollow conical jets at the same jet diameter and pressure. Droplet formation occurs mainly by turbulence in the jet. It is important to minimize the danger of blockage when operating jets. For this reason, preference is often given to that jet which gives the smallest droplet size for a given pressure and a given narrowest orifice diameter. This is particularly significant at droplet sizes d &lt; 20 μm. Comparison and choice of jets is accomplished with the aid of a diagram representing the relative droplet size d 32 / D in terms of the jet pressure number Δ p = Δ pD /σ and the Ohnesorge number. However, a characteristic field representation containing only characteristic quantities formed with the characteristic droplet size, apart from the relative droplet size, is suitable for determining the jet dimensions.
The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy Liquid Cargo Handling Simulator (1990)

This paper describes the tanker cargo handling simulator recently installed at the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. The tanker simulator is modeled on a nominal 80 000-dwt tank vessel with segregated ballast, crude oil wash, and inert gas systems. The loading console is typical in design, construction, and detail to that which is normally found in a shipboard cargo control room. Through the real-time operation of this console, the student receives training in tanker loading, discharging, and ballasting operations. In addition, a unique method of instructor interface and control allows the incorporation of spontaneous malfunctions in an exercise. The simulator is based on a computer model using hydraulic network theory to describe the piping systems and overall performance. This paper describes the development of the simulator and many of the features incorporated in it. Attention is given to the instructor's interface, which is made user friendly through the use of simulation control menus. These menus allow the instructor to completely command and monitor the simulation exercise.
Carney Complex: Pathology and Molecular Genetics (2006)

Carney complex (CNC) is a unique multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MIM 160980) which is characterized by unusual biochemical features (chronic hypersomatotropinemia and paradoxical responses of cortisol production to glucocorticoids) and multi-tissue involvement. The gene coding for the protein kinase A (PKA) type 1alpha regulatory subunit, PRKAR1A, had been mapped to 17q22-24, one of the genetic loci involved in CNC, and allelic analysis using probes from this chromosomal region revealed consistent changes in CNC tumors. Sequencing of the PRKAR1A gene in over 100 kindreds showed a number of mutations; in almost all cases, the sequence change was predicted to lead to a premature stop codon, and mutant mRNAs were subject to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. In CNC cells, PKA activity assays showed increased stimulation by cAMP. Few mutations that did not lead to a premature stop codon have been described; they are also associated with increased PKA activity. PRKAR1A has been investigated in sporadic endocrine tumors; it does not appear to be mutated in pituitary adenomas, but both thyroid and adrenal neoplasms have been found to harbor somatic mutations of this gene. Animal models of the disease have been developed. CNC is the first human disease caused by mutations of one of the subunits of the PKA holoenzyme, a critical component of numerous cellular signaling systems. This has wide implications for cAMP involvement in endocrine tumorigenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Improved Synthesis of 4β‐Aminopodophyllotoxin Congeners. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A review on synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic dyes for textile fibers - Part 2: Fused heterocycles (2018)

Importance of heterocyclic dyes has recently increased due to their deep shades, high tentorial strength, excellent colorfastness and brightness compared to azobenzene analogous. Development of novel synthetic approaches for fused heterocyclic dyes has remained a highly interesting but challenging proposition. An overview of the application of nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic dyestuffs for textile coloration is presented. In this review, we provide details outlining the synthesis of recently prepared fused nitrogen-containing heterocyclic dyestuffs and their dyeing efficiency on textile fibers.
Phase Index-Based Receive Spatial Modulation PHY Security Against Supervised Pattern Recognition (2021)

Receive Spatial Modulation (RSM) uses the index of the receive antenna to convey additional information bits, which reduces the receiver complexity and improves spectral efficiency. Additionally, it provides inherent physical layer security using the Zero-forcing (ZF) precoding technique. However, the channel becomes vulnerable to eavesdropper (Eve) if the channel impulse response is assumed to be time-invariant or stationary through coherent block intervals. In this paper, a physical layer secure scheme is proposed based on phase index RSM to combat eavesdroppers that use k-nearest neighbors (KNN) supervised pattern recognition. The average bit error rate (BER) performance shows the ability of the proposed scheme to provide a suitable level of security while degrading the average BER performance of Eve.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Building Blocks of 2′-Deoxyguanosine Bearing a C8-Arylamine Modification (2003)

C8-Arylamine-dG adducts were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The corresponding 5'-O-DMTr-3'-O-phosphoramidite-C8-arylamine-dG adducts were synthesized as potential building blocks for the automated synthesis of site-specifically modified oligonucleotides.
A Detailed Design Analysis of a Lumenally Delivered, Flexible, Balloon- Assisted, Sterile Endoscopic Overtube (2010)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. September 2010. Major: Mechanical Engineering. Advisor: Arthur G. Erdman. 1 computer file (PDF); xi, 219 pages, appendices A-C.
Evaluating the potential of natural surfactants in the petroleum industry: the case of hydrophobins (2017)

Abstract Enhancing oil recovery from currently available reservoirs is a major issue for petroleum companies. Among the possible strategies towards this, chemical flooding through injection of surfactants into the wells seems to be particularly promising, thanks to their ability to reduce oil/water interfacial tension that promotes oil mobilization. Environmental concerns about the use of synthetic surfactants led to a growing interest in their replacement with surfactants of biological origin, such as lipopeptides and glycolipids produced by several microorganisms. Hydrophobins are small amphiphilic proteins produced by filamentous fungi with high surface activity and good emulsification properties, and may represent a novel sustainable tool for this purpose. We report here a thorough study of their stability and emulsifying performance towards a model hydrocarbon mixture, in conditions that mimic those of real oil reservoirs (high salinity and high temperature). Due to the moderate interfacial tension reduction induced in such conditions, the application of hydrophobins in enhanced oil recovery techniques does not appear feasible at the moment, at least in absence of co-surfactants. On the other hand, the obtained results showed the potential of hydrophobins in promoting the formation of a gel-like emulsion ‘barrier’ at the oil/water interface.
SALSA: Attacking Lattice Cryptography with Transformers (2022)

Currently deployed public-key cryptosystems will be vulnerable to attacks by full-scale quantum computers. Consequently, "quantum resistant" cryptosystems are in high demand, and lattice-based cryptosystems, based on a hard problem known as Learning With Errors (LWE), have emerged as strong contenders for standardization. In this work, we train transformers to perform modular arithmetic and combine half-trained models with statistical cryptanalysis techniques to propose SALSA: a machine learning attack on LWE-based cryptographic schemes. SALSA can fully recover secrets for small-to-mid size LWE instances with sparse binary secrets, and may scale to attack real-world LWE-based cryptosystems.
Effects of Chimerism in Sheep-Goat Concepti that Developed from Blastomere-Aggregation Embryos1 (1993)

Chimeric sheep-goat pregnancies were established in 24 ewes and 29 does by transferring 251 embryos, prepared by the blastomere-aggregation technique, to 52 ewes and 61 does. Fifteen does experienced early pregnancy failure; however, term offspring were delivered by 24 ewes (17 lambs, 3 kids, 6 chimeras) and 14 does (6 lambs, 9 kids, 6 chimeras). (Fetal classifications were based on phenotype, red blood cell isozymes, and lymphocyte antigen expression). RIAs for ovine and caprine placental lactogen detected chimerism in the binucleate cell population of the trophoblast throughout the pregnancies of 2 ewes and 7 does; these pregnancies resulted in the birth of 12 healthy offspring. Histological examinations of intact placentomes from 2 of these recipients revealed a continuous cellular trophoblast apposed to a syncytium as in normal placentas. Chimerism was detected electrophoretically in the membranes of the placentas with binucleate cell chimerism and in 17/28 of the other placentas. Data collected on placental lactogen production, chimerism in the conceptus, and placental morphometry were examined with respect to the stages of the blastomeres aggregated to form the chimeric embryo and with respect to fetal status at delivery. For comparison, analogous data were collected on sheep-goat concepti that developed from embryos prepared by inner cell mass transplantation.
Creating an affordable 22nm node using design-lithography co-optimization (2009)

Achieving the required time-to-market with economically acceptable yield levels and maintaining them in volume production has become a daunting task for the advanced technology nodes. These difficulties are primarily attributable to the increase in process variability that is incurred while aggressively scaling technology nodes which are based on the same fundamental device architectures and process solutions. The introduction of a Metal Gate/High-K (MGHK) stack at the 32/28nm technology node will help in addressing the random variations due to random dopant fluctuations (RDF), but its benefit will be exhausted after a single process generation [3]. As a result, for the 22/20nm technology nodes, the only hope to limit RDF will be to adopt novel device architecture, such as FinFET and Ultra Thin Body or Fully Depleted SOI, that would reduce the dopant concentration in the channel.
Variational Clustering: Leveraging Variational Autoencoders for Image Clustering (2020)

Recent advances in deep learning have shown their ability to learn strong feature representations for images. The task of image clustering naturally requires good feature representations to capture the distribution of the data and subsequently differentiate data points from one another. Often these two aspects are dealt with independently and thus traditional feature learning alone does not suffice in partitioning the data meaningfully. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) naturally lend themselves to learning data distributions in a latent space. Since we wish to efficiently discriminate between different clusters in the data, we propose a method based on VAEs where we use a Gaussian Mixture prior to help cluster the images accurately. We jointly learn the parameters of both the prior and the posterior distributions. Our method represents a true Gaussian Mixture VAE. This way, our method simultaneously learns a prior that captures the latent distribution of the images and a posterior to help discriminate well between data points. We also propose a novel reparametrization of the latent space consisting of a mixture of discrete and continuous variables. One key takeaway is that our method generalizes better across different datasets without using any pre-training or learnt models, unlike existing methods, allowing it to be trained from scratch in an end-to-end manner. We verify our efficacy and generalizability experimentally by achieving state-of-the-art results among unsupervised methods on a variety of datasets. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to pursue image clustering using VAEs in a purely unsupervised manner on real image datasets.
Ultrafast serrodyne optical frequency translator (2022)

Abstract The serrodyne principle enables an electromagnetic signal to be frequency shifted by applying a linear phase ramp in the time domain. This phenomenon has been exploited to frequency shift signals in the radiofrequency, microwave and optical regions of the electromagnetic spectrum over ranges of up to a few gigahertz, for example, to analyse the Doppler shift of radiofrequency signals for noise suppression and frequency stabilization. Here we employ this principle to shift the centre frequency of high-power femtosecond laser pulses over a range of several terahertz with the help of a nonlinear multi-pass cell. We demonstrate our method experimentally by shifting the central wavelength of a state-of-the-art 75 W frequency comb laser from 1,030 nm to 1,060 nm and to 1,000 nm. Furthermore, we experimentally show that this wavelength-shifting technique supports coherence characteristics at the few hertz-level while improving the temporal pulse quality. The technique is generally applicable to wide parameter ranges and different laser systems, enabling efficient wavelength conversion of high-power lasers to spectral regions beyond the gain bandwidth of available laser platforms.
Generation and Intermolecular Capture of Cyclopropylacyl Radicals (2004)

[reaction: see text] Cyclopropylacyl radicals derived from S-cyclopropylacyl xanthates (dithiocarbonates) undergo intermolecular additions to olefins without loss of CO or ring opening. In the presence of a phenyl ring on carbon C-1 of the cyclopropane ring, loss can be made to occur in the absence of an olefinic trap. The adducts from the cyclopropylacyl radical additions are easily converted into enones by base-induced beta-elimination of the xanthate group.
Tailoring the Properties of Fe−Fe3C Nanocrystalline Particles Prepared by Sonochemistry (2004)

Air-stable Fe/Fe3C nanocrystalline particles have been prepared by sonicating Fe(CO)5 in diphenylmethane solutions under argon and subsequently annealing the amorphous as-prepared product in an inert atmosphere. Changing the sonication conditions and annealing temperature allows control of the size of the particles, as well as their composition and magnetic properties. Material obtained under appropriate conditions possesses a high saturation magnetization close to that of bulk iron (Ms/M0= 0.97−1.06) and good, soft magnetic properties (HC = 0.50−0.05 A m-1). Nanocrystalline particles have a core−shell structure where a coating of Fe3C and carbon protects the body-centered cubic Fe in the core from oxidation.
Identification of indolepyruvic acid as an intermediate of rebeccamycin biosynthesis (1990)

Experimental evidence is presented to demonstrate that indolepyruvic acid is an intermediate in the rebeccamycin biosynthetic pathway. [3-14C]Indolepyruvic acid was prepared and efficiently incorporated (8%) into rebeccamycin by Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes.
Ischemic Stroke or Systemic Embolism After Transseptal Ablation of Arrhythmias in Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (2016)

CIEDs are associated with an increased risk of stroke, TIA, or systemic embolism after transseptal ablation, but this risk is attenuated with postablation OAC use. Role of anticoagulation post-transseptal ablation in patients with CIED warrants further investigation.
Method for optimizing output in ultrashort-pulse multipass laser amplifiers with selective use of a spectral filter (2023)

A method for optimizing multipass laser amplifier output utilizes a spectral filter in early passes but not in later passes. The pulses shift position slightly for each pass through the amplifier, and the filter is placed such that early passes intersect the filter while later passes bypass it. The filter position may be adjust offline in order to adjust the number of passes in each category. The filter may be optimized for use in a cryogenic amplifier.
Embedding Imperceptible Patterns into Projected Images for Simultaneous Acquisition and Display (2005)

We introduce a method to imperceptibly embed arbitrary binary patterns into ordinary color images displayed by unmodified off-the-shelf digital light processing (DLP) projectors. The encoded images are visible only to cameras synchronized with the projectors and exposed for a short interval, while the original images appear only minimally degraded to the human eye. To achieve this goal, we analyze and exploit the micro-mirror modulation pattern used by the projection technology to generate intensity levels for each pixel and color channel. Our real-time embedding process maps the user's original color image values to the nearest values whose camera-perceived intensities are the ones desired by the binary image to be embedded. The color differences caused by this mapping process are compensated by error-diffusion dithering. The non-intrusive nature of our approach allows simultaneous (immersive) display and acquisition under controlled lighting conditions, as defined on a pixel level by the binary patterns. We therefore introduce structured light techniques into human-inhabited mixed and augmented reality environments, where they previously often were too intrusive.
High-Density Radiation Hybrid Map of Human Chromosome 18 and Contig of 18p (1996)

A high-resolution radiation hybrid map of human chromosome 18 has been developed by testing DNA samples of 92 radiation hybrids (RH) from a previously characterized chromosome 18-specific RH panel. Half of the 159 STS markers were tested on RH DNA amplified by primer extension preamplification. This map includes 20 genes and 95 polymorphic markers, most of which have heterozygosity frequencies greater than 65% and, therefore, allow integration with genetic maps. The framework map consists of 137 markers ordered with odds of 1000:1 or better and spaced on average 580 kb apart. A YAC contig map of 18p was generated independently by STS content mapping of YACs using the same primers as for RH mapping. The RH map and the contig map are concordant.
Interactions between periosteal cells and blood vessels during bone autograft healing: implications for tissue engineering strategies (2012)

status: Published
Abstract 4485: Preclinical characterization of PWT33597, a dual inhibitor of PI3-kinase alpha and mTOR (2011)

Abstract Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) is an important mediator of tumor cell growth, survival and proliferation. In particular, PI3K alpha is important for signaling downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and is also frequently amplified or mutationally activated in tumors, suggesting that selective inhibitors of this isoform may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of cancer. Downstream of PI3K, the mTOR kinase also plays a critical role in cellular growth and metabolism, and inhibitors of mTOR have demonstrated clinical benefit in several tumor types. We report here the discovery and characterization of PWT33597, a dual inhibitor of PI3K alpha and mTOR. PWT33597 inhibits PI3K alpha and mTOR in biochemical assays with IC50 values of 19 and 14 nM respectively, and is approximately 10-fold selective with respect to PI3K gamma and PI3K delta. Profiling of PWT33597 against 442 protein kinases (Ambit Kinomescan) revealed little or no cross-reactivity with either serine/threonine or tyrosine kinases, and there was little cross-reactivity with an additional panel of 64 pharmacologically relevant targets. In NCI-H460 and HCT116 tumor cells with mutationally activated PI3K alpha, PWT33597 inhibits phosphorylation of PI3K and mTOR pathway proteins with cellular IC50 values similar to its biochemical IC50 values. PWT33597 has good pharmacokinetic properties in multiple preclinical species, is not extensively metabolized in vivo and shows little potential for interaction with cytochrome P450 enzymes. Following a single oral dose in vivo, PWT33597 shows durable inhibition of PI3K and mTOR pathway signaling in xenograft tumors. High compound distribution into tumors and potent anti-tumor activity has been observed in multiple tumor xenograft models with activated PI3K/mTOR pathways. Also, administration of PWT33597 in mice is associated with transient increases in plasma insulin, consistent with an effect on PI3K/AKT signaling. A robust PK/PD relationship has been defined, which will guide interpretation of the planned phase I clinical study. IND-enabling studies with PWT33597 are currently in progress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4485. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4485