gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ab initio calculation for an initial growth process of GaN on (0001) and (000$ \bar 1 $) surfaces by vapor phase epitaxy (2009)

Abstract The adsorption processes of group‐III and group‐V sources used in metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) were investigated using ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) to understand the initial growth process of GaN on GaN(0001) and (000 $ \bar 1 $ ) substrates. In order to understand the influence from the decomposition of ammonia, NH 2 , NH and N were considered as adsorption species. We assume group‐V source preflow in the case of GaN(0001) and group‐III preflow in the case of GaN(000 $ \bar 1 $ ). From the calculations, the initial GaN growth process in the vapor phase epitaxy is clarified. When GaN is grown on the GaN(0001) substrate, NH 3 molecules adsorb to the on‐top site or NH 2 molecules adsorb to the bridge site. Also, it was found that the surface structures with both NH 2 and NH 3 are stable under a hydrogen atmosphere. When GaN is grown on the GaN(000 $ \bar 1 $ ) substrate, Ga atoms adsorb to the H3 site in the case of MOVPE and GaCl molecules adsorb to the H3 site with the Ga atom facing the surface in the case of HVPE. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laser-induced chemiluminescence: variation of reaction rates with reagent approach geometry (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser-induced chemiluminescence: variation of reaction rates with reagent approach geometryRon C. Estler and Richard N. ZareCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 4, 1323–1324Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00472a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00472a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-Power High-Speed Silicon Microdisk Modulators. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
AUTOMATIC FUSION OF PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTIONS (2012)

Abstract. Novel image acquisition tools such as micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) in form of quad- or octo-rotor helicopters support the creation of 3D reconstructions with ground sampling distances below 1 cm. The limitation of aerial photogrammetry to nadir and oblique views in heights of several hundred meters is bypassed, allowing close-up photos of facades and ground features. However, the new acquisition modality also introduces challenges: First, flight space might be restricted in urban areas, which leads to missing views for accurate 3D reconstruction and causes fracturing of large models. This could also happen due to vegetation or simply a change of illumination during image acquisition. Second, accurate geo-referencing of reconstructions is difficult because of shadowed GPS signals in urban areas, so alignment based on GPS information is often not possible. In this paper, we address the automatic fusion of such partial reconstructions. Our approach is largely based on the work of (Wendel et al., 2011a), but does not require an overhead digital surface model for fusion. Instead, we exploit that patch-based semi-dense reconstruction of the fractured model typically results in several point clouds covering overlapping areas, even if sparse feature correspondences cannot be established. We approximate orthographic depth maps for the individual parts and iteratively align them in a global coordinate system. As a result, we are able to generate point clouds which are visually more appealing and serve as an ideal basis for further processing. Mismatches between parts of the fused models depend only on the individual point density, which allows us to achieve a fusion accuracy in the range of ±1 cm on our evaluation dataset.
Structural Dynamics of the NSD Family Histone Methyltransferases (2015)

The nuclear SET domain containing protein (NSD) family of histone methyltransferases is an oncogenic family of proteins, whose overexpression is directly involved in cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and breast cancer. The NSD family consists of three proteins NSD1, NSD2 and NSD3. These proteins are directly responsible for the methylation of multiple lysine residues of histones, a post‐translational modification implicated in transcription‐activating cell survival mechanisms and DNA damage responses. NSD2 in particular is a high‐profile target for inhibition, because it is overexpressed in 20% of multiple myeloma cases. Both NSD2 and NSD3 have evaded crystallization efforts, and only the SET domain of NSD1 has been crystallized. In the absence of a crystal structure for NSD2 and NSD3, we employed homology modeling of the SET domains of NSD2 and NSD3 and hydrogen‐deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX MS) in order to obtain information about the conformation and dynamics of the SET domain in NSD family proteins. HDX MS was also used to monitor and localize binding of drug candidates directed against these proteins. Our results can aid the development of specific inhibitors for members of the NSD family. Support: R21 CA179159‐01A1, Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation Collaborative PPG
The novel primary response gene MyD118 and the proto-oncogenes myb, myc, and bcl-2 modulate transforming growth factor beta 1-induced apoptosis of myeloid leukemia cells. (1994)

Cell numbers are regulated by a balance among proliferation, growth arrest, and programmed cell death. A profound example of cell homeostasis, controlled throughout life, is the complex process of blood cell development, yet little is understood about the intracellular mechanisms that regulate blood cell growth arrest and programmed cell death. In this work, using transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1)-treated M1 myeloid leukemia cells and genetically engineered M1 cell variants, the regulation of growth arrest and apoptosis was dissected. Blocking of early expression of MyD118, a novel differentiation primary response gene also shown to be a primary response gene induced by TGF beta 1, delayed TGF beta 1-induced apoptosis, demonstrating that MyD118 is a positive modulator of TGF beta 1-mediated cell death. Elevated expression of bcl-2 blocked the TGF beta 1-induced apoptotic pathway but not growth arrest induced by TGF beta 1. Deregulated expression of either c-myc or c-myb inhibited growth arrest and accelerated apoptosis, demonstrating for the first time that c-myb plays a role in regulating apoptosis. In all cases, the apoptotic response was correlated with the level of MyD118 expression. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the primary response gene MyD118 and the c-myc, c-myb, and bcl-2 proto-oncogenes interact to modulate growth arrest and apoptosis of myeloid cells.
Optical or mechanical aids to drawing in the early Renaissance? A geometric analysis of the trellis work in Robert Campin's MÃÂ©rode Altarpiece (2009)

A recent theory claims that some Renaissance artists, as early as 1425, secretly traced optically projected images during the execution of some passages in some of their works, nearly a quarter millennium before historians of art and of optics have secure evidence anyone recorded an image this way. Key evidence adduced by the theory's proponents includes the trelliswork in the right panel of Robert Campin's Merode altarpiece triptych (c. 1425-28). If their claim were verified for this work, such a discovery would be extremely important to the history of art and of image making more generally: the Altarpiece would be the earliest surviving image believed to record the projected image of an illuminated object, the first step towards photography, over 400 years later. The projection theory proponents point to teeny "kinks" in the depicted slats of one orientation in the Altarpiece as evidence that Campin refocussed a projector twice and traced images of physically straight slats in his studio. However, the proponents rotated the digital images of each slat individually, rather than the full trelliswork as a whole, and thereby disrupted the relative alignment between the images of the kinks and thus confounded their analysis. We found that when properly rotated, the kinks line up nearly perfectly and are consistent with Campin using a subtly kinked straightedge repeatedly, once for each of the slats. Moreover, the proponents did not report any analysis of the other set of slats-the ones nearly perpendicular to the first set. These perpendicular slats are straight across the break line of the first set-an unlikely scenario in the optical explanation. Finally, whereas it would have been difficult for Campin to draw the middle portions of the slats perfectly straight by tracing a projected image, it would have been trivially simple had he used a straightedge. Our results and the lack of any contemporaneous documentary evidence for the projection technique imply that Campin used a simple mechanical aid-such as a minutely kinked straightedge or a mahl stick commonly used in the early Renaissance-rather than a very complex optical projector and procedure, undocumented from that time.
Impedance spectroscopy of TiO2 thin films showing resistive switching (2006)

Impedance characteristics of 27nm thick anatase TiO2 films showing bistable resistive switching were investigated in the frequency domain (100Hz–10MHz) in various resistance states, a fresh state (before electroforming), a high resistive state (HRS), and a low resistive state (LRS). dc conductance in the film becomes dominent in HRS and LRS and the capacitances in the various states are almost identical. Numerical calculations using finite element analysis were performed for the localized filament and homogeneous model, whose results suggest that the filament model is consistent with the experimental results.
EVHomeShifter (2015)

Time of use tiered pricing schedules encourage shifting electricity demand from peak to off-peak hours. Charging times for electric vehicles (EV) can be shifted into overnight hours, which are usually off-peak. EVs can also be used as energy storage devices, available during certain peak hours to power a house with electricity stored during off-peak hours. Studies suggest both techniques are practical, but were based on simulated demand patterns or large commercial fleets. To investigate feasibility on a per home basis, we collected data from 15 EV homes using the Lab of Things sensing infrastructure. We evaluate a scheme that powers homes with their car battery during expensive electricity periods and then charges the battery during cheaper periods. We show an average potential savings of $10.91/month for shifting charging times, and an additional $13.58/month for powering the home from the EV, even accounting for the inefficiencies of electric conversion.
Optimal Number of Paths with Multipath Routing in Hybrid Networks (2018)

In recent years, multipath routing, i.e., employing several paths simultaneously, has emerged as an efficient way to provide significant throughput gains in local networks. This has been observed both with technologies that are not subject to interference, such as Ethernet, and with technologies that are, such as WiFi, power-line communications (PLC) and LTE. With technologies that are subject to interference, adding more paths is not always beneficial. We investigate the number of simultaneous paths necessary to reach maximal throughput when using multipath routing in multi-hop mesh networks with several self-interfering technologies. We show analytically, numerically and experimentally that the optimal number of paths M optis tightly linked with the number of technologies K. For certain classes of networks (in particular, for typical home networks), we prove analytically that Mopt =K, and our analytical findings are verified both with simulations and with experiments on a testbed composed of PLC and two orthogonal WiFi channels. In general networks, our numerical and experimental results show that the throughput loss caused by using at most K simultaneous paths is very small: The relative loss is smaller than 0.05 in 97 % of the networks and smaller than 0.1 in 99% of the networks.
Fenugreek Seeds Affect Intestinal Cholesterol Transporters in Caco-2 Cells (2012)

L.）, which have a long history for use in traditional Chinese medicine, are reported to pos-sess some hypocholesterolemic effect. To clarify the mechanism for cholesterol-lowering action, effects of fenugreek on the function and mRNA expression of intestinal cholesterol transporters, Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1（NPC1L1 ）and ATP binding cassette（ABCtransporters: ABCA1, ABCG5, and ABCG8, were examined in Caco-2 cells. Fenugreek seed water ex-tract significantly inhibited both the net transport of cholesterol from the apical to basolateral side and the accumulation into the cells. Significant suppres-sion in mRNA expression of the cholesterol trans-porters NPC1L1, ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8 and the transcription factor liver X receptor was observed in the cells treated with fenugreek. These results suggest that fenugreek possibly has inhibitory ef-fects on mRNA expression and transport activity of the active cholesterol transporters, leading to the decreased net absorption of cholesterol from the in-testine.Key words: Fenugreek seeds, Caco-2 cells, choles-terol transporter, intestinal absorption
Vertical cell array using TCAT(Terabit Cell Array Transistor) technology for ultra high density NAND flash memory (2006)

Vertical NAND flash memory cell array by TCAT (terabit cell array transistor) technology is proposed. Damascened metal gate SONOS type cell in the vertical NAND flash string is realized by a unique dasiagate replacementpsila process. Also, conventional bulk erase operation of the cell is successfully demonstrated. All advantages of TCAT flash is achieved without any sacrifice of bit cost scalability.
Correction. Protic Acid Catalyzed Thiono-Thiolo Rearrangements of Phosphorus Esters. (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection. Protic Acid Catalyzed Thiono-Thiolo Rearrangements of Phosphorus Esters.Wojciech Stec, Bogdan Uzanski, Karol Bruzik, and Jan MichalskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 25, 4051–4052Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online28 October 2003Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00887a616https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00887a616research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Data 1 from Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor-Inducible 14 Expression Levels Promote Glioma Cell Invasion via Rac1 and Nuclear Factor-κB and Correlate with Poor Patient Outcome (2023)

Supplementary Data 1 from Increased Fibroblast Growth Factor-Inducible 14 Expression Levels Promote Glioma Cell Invasion via Rac1 and Nuclear Factor-κB and Correlate with Poor Patient Outcome
N/sup +//P junction leakage characteristics of Co salicide process for 0.15 μm CMOS devices (2002)

We have proposed that As dopants in the n/sup +//p active region are redistributed during Co salicidation process, especially in the active edge area in contact with the field oxide. The dopant redistribution has been verified through a novel two-dimensional (2-D) dopant profiling method, i.e., the transmission electron microscope (TEM) combined with selective chemical etching. It was shown that As dopants move down from the silicide layer into the junction area, which results in the deeper junction compared with nonsilicided junction. On the contrary, the junction profile behavior at the active edge area is completely opposite to that inside active region. That is, the junction profile is bent upward at the active edge, which results in the increase or even fail of junction leakage current of perimeter intensive diodes due to the decreased distance from the silicide bottom to the junction depth. Therefore, the dopant redistribution at the n/sup +//p active edge should be reduced or suppressed for reliable shallow silicided junction formation.
Mapping single-cell atlases throughout Metazoa unravels cell type evolution (2021)

Comparing single-cell transcriptomic atlases from diverse organisms can elucidate the origins of cellular diversity and assist the annotation of new cell atlases. Yet, comparison between distant relatives is hindered by complex gene histories and diversifications in expression programs. Previously, we introduced the self-assembling manifold (SAM) algorithm to robustly reconstruct manifolds from single-cell data (Tarashansky et al., 2019). Here, we build on SAM to map cell atlas manifolds across species. This new method, SAMap, identifies homologous cell types with shared expression programs across distant species within phyla, even in complex examples where homologous tissues emerge from distinct germ layers. SAMap also finds many genes with more similar expression to their paralogs than their orthologs, suggesting paralog substitution may be more common in evolution than previously appreciated. Lastly, comparing species across animal phyla, spanning sponge to mouse, reveals ancient contractile and stem cell families, which may have arisen early in animal evolution.
Prdm16 is a physiologic regulator of hematopoietic stem cells (2011)

Fetal liver and adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) renew or differentiate into committed progenitors to generate all blood cells. PRDM16 is involved in human leukemic translocations and is expressed highly in some karyotypically normal acute myeloblastic leukemias. As many genes involved in leukemogenic fusions play a role in normal hematopoiesis, we analyzed the role of Prdm16 in the biology of HSCs using Prdm16-deficient mice. We show here that, within the hematopoietic system, Prdm16 is expressed very selectively in the earliest stem and progenitor compartments, and, consistent with this expression pattern, is critical for the establishment and maintenance of the HSC pool during development and after transplantation. Prdm16 deletion enhances apoptosis and cycling of HSCs. Expression analysis revealed that Prdm16 regulates a remarkable number of genes that, based on knockout models, both enhance and suppress HSC function, and affect quiescence, cell cycling, renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis to various extents. These data suggest that Prdm16 may be a critical node in a network that contains negative and positive feedback loops and integrates HSC renewal, quiescence, apoptosis, and differentiation.
Synergistically Improved Molecular Doping and Carrier Mobility by Copolymerization of Donor–Acceptor and Donor–Donor Building Blocks for Thermoelectric Application (2020)

Abstract In this work, it is demonstrated that random copolymerization is a simple but effective strategy to obtain new conductive copolymers as high‐performance thermoelectric materials. By using a polymerizing acceptor unit diketopyrropyrrole with donor units thienothiophene and oligo ethylene glycol substituted bithiophene (g 3 2T), it is found that strong interchain donor–acceptor interactions ensure good film crystallinity for charge transport, while donor–donor type building blocks contribute to effective charge transfers. Hall effect measurements show that the high electrical conductivity results from increased free carriers with simultaneously improved mobility reaching over 1 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . The synergistic effect of improved molecular doping and carrier mobility, as well as a high Seebeck coefficient ascribed to the structural disorder along polymer chains via random copolymerization, results in an impressive power factor up to 110 µW K −2 m −1 which is 10 times higher than that of solution‐processed polythiophenes.
Refund Guarantees (2015)

A refund guarantee is an essential component of almost every shipbuilding project, without which the buyer will be unwilling or unable to proceed. There is no standard form of refund guarantee in universal usage, and both the form and substance of refund guarantee instruments vary widely from case to case. The ambiguity or uncertainty of the meaning of refund guarantee instruments, against a backdrop of a sharp downturn in the shipping markets, has led to numerous disputes in recent years concerning refund guarantees, which have been the subject of a number of important decisions of the English Courts. This is the first English law text book dedicated to the subject of refund guarantees. It provides essential guidance as to the issues arising and the pitfalls to be avoided. It analyses the specimen form of guarantee annexed to Bimco’s NEWBUILDCON form, and covers topics such as the circumstances in which the liability of the guarantor may be discharged, and when a builder may be entitled to obtain an injunction to restrain payment under a refund guarantee. It will be an essential and practical guide for those engaged in the shipbuilding industry, including shipbuilders, shipowners, banks and insurance companies, P&I clubs, and those advising them.
ω-Functionalized Lipid Prodrugs of HIV NtRTI Tenofovir with Enhanced Pharmacokinetic Properties (2021)

Tenofovir (TFV) is the cornerstone nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI) in many combination antiretroviral therapies prescribed to patients living with HIV/AIDS. Due to poor cell permeability and oral bioavailability, TFV is administered as one of two FDA-approved prodrugs, both of which metabolize prematurely in the liver and/or plasma. This premature prodrug processing depletes significant fractions of each oral dose and causes toxicity in kidney, bone, and liver with chronic administration. Although TFV exalidex (TXL), a phospholipid-derived prodrug of TFV, was designed to address this issue, clinical pharmacokinetic studies indicated substantial hepatic extraction, redirecting clinical development of TXL toward HBV. To circumvent this metabolic liability, we synthesized and evaluated ω-functionalized TXL analogues with dramatically improved hepatic stability. This effort led to the identification of compounds <b>21</b> and <b>23</b>, which exhibited substantially longer <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> values than TXL in human liver microsomes, potent anti-HIV activity <i>in vitro</i>, and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties <i>in vivo</i>.