gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noncirrhotic hepatoma presenting with paraneoplastic neurologic manifestations: two cases. (1997)

Hepatocellular carcinoma usually occurs in patients with cirrhosis and is rarely associated with paraneoplastic neurologic disorders. We describe two young patients with hepatomas occurring in noncirrhotic livers, both of whom presented with neurologic symptoms. A 19-yr-old man who presented with coma and a 23-yr-old woman with a 3-month history of progressive hemiparesis, dysarthria, and altered affect were each found, at autopsy, to have hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in a noncirrhotic liver. Neuropathologic examinations revealed widespread multifocal necrotizing leukoencephalopathy in the man and occlusive noninflammatory cerebral vasculopathy with widespread cortical and subcortical infarcts in the woman. It is unlikely that the neuropathologic findings in these patients are explicable on the basis of antibody-mediated tissue injury.
Comparative Supercapacitive Properties of Asymmetry Two Electrode Coin Type Supercapacitor Cells made from MWCNTS/Cobalt Oxide and MWCNTs/Iron Oxide Nanocomposite (2015)

Supercapacitive properties of synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles (MO) vis a vis iron oxides (Fe2O3) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles integrated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a two-electrode coin cell type asymmetry supercapacitor assembly was investigated. The synthesised MO and nanocomposite films were characterised using techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scan electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The supercapacitance of the asymmetry MWCNT-MO based supercapacitor in 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M Na2SO4 electrolytes was measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic constant current charge-discharge (CD) techniques. The asymmetry supercapacitors MWCNT-Fe2O3|MWCNT and MWCNT-Co3O4|MWCNT gave the highest specific capacitance (SC) values of 439.94 mFcm-2 (or 64.74 Fg-1) and 425.83 mFcm-2 (or 45.79 Fg−1) respectively in 1 M H2SO4 using charge-discharge technique. Results obtained from charge-discharge experiment are much higher compared with those obtained using the CV technique since it is the most reliable and accurate method. The values compared favorably and higher compared to those reported in literature using similar technique. MWCNT-Fe2O3|MWCNT cell gave specific power (SP) and specific energy (SE) of 19.31 Wkg-1 and 2.68 WhKg-1 respectively in 1 M H2SO4, while the energy deliverable efficiency (η/%) of the cell is 99.6 and 91.3% in 1 M H2SO4 and 1 M Na2SO4 respectively.
Single-Carrier and Multi-Carrier 400 Gbps Transmission With Multi-Rate Multi-Format Real-Time Transceiver Prototypes (2018)

New customer usages such as on-demand high-definition videos, business analytics, and cloud services stress more and more optical transport networks. While 100 Gbps WDM systems have been widely adopted by operators to cope with the capacity growth of the past 6-7 years, a new generation of the optical transmission system is required to respond to the exponential traffic demands coming from mobile, fixed, and data center networks. Equipment manufacturers recently planned to enhance to 400 Gbps the data rate carried by WDM channels to meet this ever-increasing traffic requirement. Various trends are in competition to achieve this objective. Single-carrier and multi-carrier techniques operating at different symbol rates (i.e., 32, 45, > 60 Gbaud) and with diverse modulation formats (DP-QPSK, DP-8QAM, DP-16QAM) are proposed depending on whether transmission distance, spectral efficiency, or cost is the predominant driver. In this paper, we investigate the potential of these various 400 Gbps solutions by using real-time transceiver prototypes generating 32/64 Gbaud DP-QPSK, 45 Gbaud DP-8QAM, 32/61 Gbaud DP-16QAM formats over various fiber types (i.e., G.652, G.654, G.655 fibers). In particular, we demonstrate 400 Gbps WDM transmission with 61 Gbaud DP-16QAM channels using bandwidth-limited DAC/ADC (i.e., <; 15 GHz) and real-time signal processing based on maximum likelihood sequence estimation equalization that mitigates bandwidth limitations. We conclude by analyzing the fiber non-linearity robustness of the 400 Gbps real-time transceivers under test thanks to the Gaussian noise model that permits to extract the ANL parameter and quantify non-linear interference affecting optical channels after fiber propagation.
Frequency Representation in the Auditory Midbrain and Forebrain of a Marsupial, the Northern Native Cat <i>(Dasyurus hallucatus)</i> (1986)

The representation of sound frequency was examined in the auditory cortex and inferior colliculus of anaesthetized marsupial native cats (Dasyurus hallucatus) using microelectrode mapping techniques. The tonotopic organizations of these two auditory regions are grossly similar to those described in brush-tailed possums and in Eutheria. There appears to exist a biased representation of high frequencies (> 10kHz) in native cats and a paucity of frequencies below 1 kHz. Unit threshold audiograms indicate minimum thresholds between 7 and 12kHz and high thresholds above 30kHz.
Systems and methods for vehicle speed management (2023)

Controlling a speed of a vehicle based on at least a portion of a route grade and a route distance divided into a plurality of route sections, each including at least one of a section grade and section length. Controlling the speed of the vehicle is further based on determining a cruise control speed mode for the vehicle for each of the plurality of route sections and determining a speed reference command of the vehicle based on at least one of the cruise control speed mode, the section length, the section grade, and a current speed.
High I<inf>on</inf>/I<inf>off</inf> and low subthreshold slope planar-type InGaAs tunnel FETs with Zn-diffused source junctions (2013)

We have demonstrated the operation of high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> and low subthreshold slope planar-type InGaAs Tunnel FETs with Zn-diffused source junctions. It has been found that the solid-phase Zn diffusion can form steep-profile and defect-less p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /n source junctions because of the inherent nature of Zn diffusion into InGaAs, which has significantly improved the TFET performance. The present devices have exhibited the record small S.S. of 64 mV/dec and large I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ratio over10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> as the planar-type III-V TFETs.
Biventricular mechanical asynchrony predicts hemodynamic effect of uni- and biventricular pacing (2003)

We tested whether biventricular resynchronization explains contractile function changes with univentricular and biventricular pacing in heart failure patients with varying magnitudes of baseline biventricular asynchrony. Thirty patients (New York Hospital Association class > or = III, QRS duration > or =120 ms) were tested. Contractile function was measured by left ventricular maximum first derivative of pressure over time (dP/dtmax). Biventricular mechanical asynchrony was quantified by the normalized pressure-pressure (NPP) loop area formed by the cross-plot of right and left intraventricular pressure curves from each cardiac cycle. Any ventricular pacing increased dP/dtmax if it decreased baseline NPP loop area and almost always worsened dP/dtmax and asynchrony when baseline NPP loop area <0.3. The quantitative relationship between dP/dtmax and NPP loop area change depended on ventricular pacing site and timing relative to intrinsic activation. For similar NPP loop decreases, dP/dtmax increased 16% more with left and biventricular pacing compared with right ventricular pacing. In conclusion, right, left, or biventricular pacing can improve contractile function only in patients having sufficient baseline biventricular asynchrony. However, biventricular resynchronization is only one of the improvement mechanisms.
Assessment of Driver’s Arousal State to Test Highway Drowsiness Prevention Facilities (2014)

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop an evaluation method that can determine whether a highway drowsiness prevention facilities suitably induced driver’s arousal state. Background: In August 2010, Korea transportation safety authority investigated the cause among 1,000 drivers with traffic accidents. As a result, drowsy driving covered the highest percentage of 36.7%. Therefore, in order to reduce the number of traffic accidents, the preventing of drowsy driving is essential. Method: Based on the reviewing research, we define a new terminology, “Arousal shift”, which is the intermediate stage between drowsiness and arousal. In addition, we used the psychophysiological and behavioral parameters of driver, which can determine the level of drowsiness. We collected driver’s psychophysiological and performance data by using a virtual driving simulator. We computed the correlation between KSS and collected data. Results: We choose the variables showing high correlationship with KSS score, and suggested a multiple regression model that could predict the drowsiness of driver. In addition, we suggested a probabilistic approach to decide driver’s state in terms of KSS. Conclusion: We showed the possibility to find a method of preventing the driver’s drowsiness by defining “arousal shift”. Due to the 60% of explanatory power of model, the practical field application needs to be done with a group of drivers showing actual change in PKSS.
Comparative investigation of PWM techniques for general motors' new drive for electric vehicles (2003)

Results of a comparative investigation of deterministic and random PWM techniques to be employed in a new AC drive system for electric vehicles, currently under development at General Motors Company, are presented. The study, employing the advanced simulation package SABER from Avant! Corp., was focused on the reduction of electromagnetic interference (EMI) when a deterministic PWM strategy is replaced with a random PWM (RPWM) method. To assess the impact of the PWM technique on the drive performance, the drive efficiency, torque ripple, and dynamic response of the current control system were also investigated. Two RPWM techniques with randomly varied switching frequency of the inverter were considered: one with the sampling frequency of the modulator varying in step with the switching frequency, and one with a fixed sampling frequency equal to the average switching frequency. The study has demonstrated good potentials of RPWM techniques, whose use results in EMI reduction by 10 dB and more, while the drive performance is barely affected.
Two‐Photon Absorption in Linear Bis‐dioxaborine Compounds—The Impact of Correlation‐Induced Oscillator‐Strength Redistribution (2004)

Quantum-chemical calculations of the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-sections are used to determine the characteristics of the electronic excited states responsible for the observed peaks in the TPA spectra of two bis-dioxaborine-substituted biphenyl derivatives. We find two distinct TPA-active states with very different TPA cross-sections: the difference is explained on the basis of electron correlation. These effects, on the one hand, lead to TPA cross-sections of up to 500 x 10(-50) cm4 s photon(-1) for the state favored by correlation; on the other hand, they limit the overall cross-sections achievable in this class of materials.
Evidence That Plant-Like Genes in Chlamydia Species Reflect an Ancestral Relationship between Chlamydiaceae, Cyanobacteria, and the Chloroplast (2002)

An unusually high proportion of proteins encoded in Chlamydia genomes are most similar to plant proteins, leading to proposals that a Chlamydia ancestor obtained genes from a plant or plant-like host organism by horizontal gene transfer. However, during an analysis of bacterial-eukaryotic protein similarities, we found that the vast majority of plant-like sequences in Chlamydia are most similar to plant proteins that are targeted to the chloroplast, an organelle derived from a cyanobacterium. We present further evidence suggesting that plant-like genes in Chlamydia, and other Chlamydiaceae, are likely a reflection of an unappreciated evolutionary relationship between the Chlamydiaceae and the cyanobacteria-chloroplast lineage. Further analyses of bacterial and eukaryotic genomes indicates the importance of evaluating organellar ancestry of eukaryotic proteins when identifying bacteria-eukaryote homologs or horizontal gene transfer and supports the proposal that Chlamydiaceae, which are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens of animals, are not likely exchanging DNA with their hosts.
Deep Learning-Based RGB-D Fusion for Multimodal Condition Assessment of Civil Infrastructure (2023)

Recent advancements in the areas of computer vision and deep learning have broadened the scope of vision-based autonomous condition assessment of civil infrastructure. However, a review of available literature suggests that most of the existing vision-based inspection techniques rely only on color information, due to the immediate availability of inexpensive high-resolution cameras. Regular cameras translate a 3D scene to a 2D space, which leads to a loss of information vis-à-vis distance and scale. This imposes a barrier to the realization of the full potential of vision-based techniques. In this regard, the structural health monitoring community is yet to benefit from the new opportunities that commercially-available low-cost depth sensors offer. This study aims at filling this knowledge gap by incorporating depth fusion into an encoder-decoder-based semantic segmentation model. Advanced computer graphics approaches are exploited to generate a database of paired RGB and depth images representing various damage categories that are commonly observed in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, namely, spalling, spalling with exposed rebars, and severely buckled rebars. A number of encoding techniques are explored for representing the depth data. Additionally, various schemes for the data-level, feature-level, and decision-level fusions of RGB and depth data are investigated to identify the best fusion strategy. Overall, it was observed that feature-level fusion is the most effective and can enhance the performance of deep learning-based damage segmentation algorithms by up to 25% without any appreciable increase in the computation time. Moreover, a novel volumetric damage quantification approach is introduced, which is robust against perspective distortion. This study is believed to advance the frontiers of infrastructure resilience and maintenance.
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Discontinuous Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins (1996)

This chapter describes a novel method of electrophoresis that allows the fine separation of proteins to be carried out with the retention of native activity. The system combines discontinuous gel electrophoresis in an arginine/N-Tris (hydroxymethyl) methylglycine) (Tricine) buffer with sample solubilization in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Because the components that distinguish this system are CTAB, arginine, and Tricine and because CTAB is a cationic detergent, we refer to this method as CAT gel electrophoresis (1,2). Proteins separated on CAT gels appear as discrete bands, and their mobility is a logarithmic function of M r across a broad range of molecular weights. After CAT electrophoresis, many proteins retain high enough levels of native activity to be detected, and gel bands may be detected by both M r and protein-specific activities. In this chapter, we provide a description of the procedures for preparing and running CAT gels. We also provide some technical background information on the basic principles of CAT gel operation and some points to keep in mind when considering the CAT system.
Overview of the Neural Network Compression and Representation (NNR) Standard (2021)

Neural Network Coding and Representation (NNR) is the first international standard for efficient compression of neural networks (NNs). The standard is designed as a toolbox of compression methods, which can be used to create coding pipelines. It can be either used as an independent coding framework (with its own bitstream format) or together with external neural network formats and frameworks. For providing the highest degree of flexibility, the network compression methods operate per parameter tensor in order to always ensure proper decoding, even if no structure information is provided. The NNR standard contains compression-efficient quantization and deep context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (DeepCABAC) as core encoding and decoding technologies, as well as neural network parameter pre-processing methods like sparsification, pruning, low-rank decomposition, unification, local scaling and batch norm folding. NNR achieves a compression efficiency of more than 97&#x0025; for transparent coding cases, i.e. without degrading classification quality, such as top-1 or top-5 accuracies. This paper provides an overview of the technical features and characteristics of NNR.
Photocatalyst-Free, Visible-Light-Mediated C–H Perfluoroalkylation of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones with perfluoroalkyl Iodides (2023)

Abstract A practical and sustainable photocatalyst-free protocol for photoinduced synthesis of perfluoroalkylated quinazolin-4(3H)-ones is described starting from quinazolin-4(3H)-ones. A wide range of substituted or fused-quinazolinones is found to be compatible, providing the corresponding mono- and bis-perfluoroalkylated compounds in moderate yields. This visible-light-mediated C–H perfluoroalkylation allows an environmentally friendly and straightforward access to an array of unprecedented functionalized quinazolinone scaffolds, presenting attractive features for drug discovery. Control experiments demonstrated that a radical mechanism is involved in the reaction mechanism.
Nanocomposites containing polyvinyl alcohol and reinforced carbon-based nanofiller (2018)

A new class of biologically active polymer nanocomposites based on polyvinyl alcohol and reinforced mixed graphene/carbon nanotube as carbon-based nanofillers with a general abbreviation (polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes) has been successfully synthesized by an efficient solution mixing method with the help of ultrasonic radiation. Mixed graphene and carbon nanotubes ratio has been prepared (50%:50%) wt by wt. Different loading of mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) were added to the host polyvinyl alcohol polymer. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes<sub>a-e</sub> nanocomposites were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and the thermal stability was measured by thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermal gravimetric. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction spectra proved the addition of mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes into polyvinyl alcohol matrix. X-ray diffraction patterns for these nanocomposites showed 2<i>θ</i> = 19.35° and 40° due to the crystal nature of polyvinyl alcohol in addition to 2<i>θ</i> = 26.5° which attributed to the graphite plane of carbon-based nanofillers. Thermal stability of polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes nanocomposites was enhanced comparing with pure polyvinyl alcohol. The main degradation step ranged between 360° and 450°C. Moreover, maximum composite degradation temperature has appeared at range from 285°C to 267°C and final composite degradation temperature (FCDT) displayed at a temperature range of 469-491°C. Antibacterial property of polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes<sub>a-e</sub> nanocomposites were tested against <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacteria using the colony forming units technique. Results showed an improvement of antibacterial property. The rate percentages of polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes<sub>b</sub>, polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes<sub>c</sub>, and polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes<sub>d</sub> nanocomposites after 24 h are 6%, 5%, and 7% respectively. However, polyvinyl alcohol/mixed graphene-carbon nanotubes<sub>e</sub> nanocomposite showed hyperactivity, where its reduction percentage remarkably raised up to 100% which is the highest inhibition rate percentage. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol/graphene-carbon nanotubes<sub>a-d</sub> showed colony forming units values/ml 70 × 10<sup>6</sup> and 65 ± 2 × 10<sup>6</sup> after 12 h. After 24 h, the colony forming units values/ml were in the range of 86 × 10<sup>6</sup>-95 × 10<sup>6</sup>.
Error-Backpropagation-Based Background Calibration of TI-ADC for Adaptively Equalized Digital Communication Receivers (2022)

A novel background calibration technique for Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters (TI-ADCs) is presented in this paper. This technique is applicable to equalized digital communication receivers. As shown in the literature, in a digital receiver it is possible to treat the TI-ADC errors as part of the communication channel and take advantage of the adaptive equalizer to compensate them. Therefore calibration becomes an integral part of channel equalization. No special purpose analog or digital calibration blocks or algorithms are required. However, there is a large class of receivers where the equalization technique cannot be directly applied because other signal processing blocks are located between the TI-ADC and the equalizer. The technique presented here generalizes earlier works to this class of receivers. The error backpropagation algorithm, traditionally used in machine learning, is applied to the error computed at the receiver slicer and used to adapt an auxiliary equalizer adjacent to the TI-ADC, called the Compensation Equalizer (CE). Simulations using a dual polarization optical coherent receiver model demonstrate accurate and robust mismatch compensation across different application scenarios. Several Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) schemes are tested in simulations and experimentally. Measurements on an emulation platform which includes an 8 bit, 4 GS/s TI-ADC prototype chip fabricated in 130nm CMOS technology, show an almost ideal mitigation of the impact of the mismatches on the receiver performance when 64-QAM and 256-QAM schemes are tested.