gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Investigation of Lone Pair Inversions, Ring Openings, and Hydride Shifts in O-Methylated Epoxides (2007)

Mechanisms associated with the isomerization of the O-methylethylene oxonium ion and its tetramethyl-substituted analogue have been explored using correlated electronic structure calculations. The minima and transition states associated with inversion at the oxygen atom, as well as those associated with opening of the epoxide ring, have been characterized. The calculated barrier to inversion at the oxygen atom for the O-methylethylene oxonium ion, 15.7 kcal/mol, agrees well with the experimentally determined value, 10+/-2 kcal/mol. Our calculations indicate that a significantly higher barrier exists for the ring-opening mechanism that leads to more thermodynamically stable structures. This work includes the first known calculations on the O-methyl-2,3-dimethyl-2-butene oxonium ion along with transition states and intermediates associated with ring opening and inversion at the oxygen atom. Results show that there is a significantly lower barrier to ring opening as compared to the O-methylethylene oxonium ion species, leading to a lower probability of isolating this species. The effects of basis sets and correlation techniques on these ions were also analyzed in this work. Our results indicate that the B3LYP/6-31G* level is reliable for obtaining molecular geometries for both minima and transition states on the C3H7O+ and C7H15O+ potential energy surfaces.
Revisiting RCNN: On Awakening the Classification Power of Faster RCNN (2018)

Recent region-based object detectors are usually built with separate classification and localization branches on top of shared feature extraction networks. In this paper, we analyze failure cases of state-of-the-art detectors and observe that most hard false positives result from classification instead of localization. We conjecture that: (1) Shared feature representation is not optimal due to the mismatched goals of feature learning for classification and localization; (2) multi-task learning helps, yet optimization of the multi-task loss may result in sub-optimal for individual tasks; (3) large receptive field for different scales leads to redundant context information for small objects.We demonstrate the potential of detector classification power by a simple, effective, and widely-applicable Decoupled Classification Refinement (DCR) network. DCR samples hard false positives from the base classifier in Faster RCNN and trains a RCNN-styled strong classifier. Experiments show new state-of-the-art results on PASCAL VOC and COCO without any bells and whistles.
Physical Unclonable Functions for enhanced security of tokens and tags (2007)

Security tokens and RFID-tags are playing an increasingly important role in the authentication of persons and devices, e.g. controlling access to services and protecting the value of goods and digital content. In order to provide the required security level they are used in combination with a cryptographic algorithm. State of the art algorithms are so sophisticated nowadays that they are virtually immune against mathematical attacks. Hence, the offered security level essentially depends on the secrecy of the employed keys. Several studies have shown that the secrecy of keys stored in memory is not guaranteed when physical attacks are used.Recently, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) were introduced as an identification tool to build secure tokens. In this paper, we extend this setting and show how PUFs can be used for generating and storing keys in a way that is secure even against physical attacks. This enables new strong security devices such as unclonable tokens, secure key storage devices and unclonable REID-tags. These are briefly described together with some applications.
Multi-Axial Fatigue of Sheet Metal Joints Under Clamp Load and Cyclic Bending (2017)

A validated Von-Mises stress-based model is presented for multi-axial fatigue evaluation of clamped sheet metal joints that are subjected to a cyclic bending stress additional to the compressive bearing stress in the bolted joint. Joint material, bolt preload level, and the amplitude level of the cyclic bending moment are studied for their effect on the fatigue life of the clamped sheet metal plate. Bolt tightening to a precise preload level is accomplished by using an ultrasonic instrument that has been mechanically pre-calibrated to convert the time delay of longitudinal ultrasonic wave reflection to a bolt elongation and corresponding preload value. Fatigue data is generated using an MTS fatigue testing system. Experimental and FEA results are fitted into a multi-axial model for predicting the fatigue behavior of the bolted joint. Discussion and data analysis are provided.
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Global Characterization of the SRC-1 Transcriptome Identifies ADAM22 as an ER-Independent Mediator of Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 245K&lt;/p&gt;
High quality epitaxial growth on new InP/Si substrate (2003)

We report here on the bonding of a thin InP(001) layer onto a Si host substrate via silicon dioxide, to be used as a substrate for heteroepitaxy. With this end in mind, these new InP/SiO/sub 2//Si substrates were compared to standard InP substrates through the growth by Solid Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy of (lattice-matched) InP thick layers and (-0.8% lattice-mismatched) InAs/sub 0.25/P/sub 0.75/ and In/sub 0.65/Ga/sub 0.35/As thick layers. The layers thus obtained were characterized by in-situ Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED), and ex-situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), double crystal x-ray diffraction (DXRD) and photoluminescence (PL). Finally, the quality of the InP/SiO/sub 2//InP heterostructure is assessed as a substrate for optoelectronics by the photoluminescence spectrum of a 60 /spl Aring/ thick InAs/sub 0.65/P/sub 0.35/ strained quantum well confined by 0.2 /spl mu/m thick InP barriers. We conclude that all the characteristics required for optoelectronic application are fulfilled.
Multiple Structural Domains Contribute to Voltage-dependent Inactivation of Rat Brain α1E Calcium Channels (1999)

We have investigated the molecular determinants that mediate the differences in voltage-dependent inactivation properties between rapidly inactivating (R-type) alpha(1E) and noninactivating (L-type) alpha(1C) calcium channels. When coexpressed in human embryonic kidney cells with ancillary beta(1b) and alpha(2)-delta subunits, the wild type channels exhibit dramatically different inactivation properties; the half-inactivation potential of alpha(1E) is 45 mV more negative than that observed with alpha(1C), and during a 150-ms test depolarization, alpha(1E) undergoes 65% inactivation compared with only about 15% for alpha(1C). To define the structural determinants that govern these intrinsic differences, we have created a series of chimeric calcium channel alpha(1) subunits that combine the major structural domains of the two wild type channels, and we investigated their voltage-dependent inactivation properties. Each of the four transmembrane domains significantly affected the half-inactivation potential, with domains II and III being most critical. In particular, substitution of alpha(1C) sequence in domains II or III with that of alpha(1E) resulted in 25-mV negative shifts in half-inactivation potential. Similarly, the differences in inactivation rate were predominantly governed by transmembrane domains II and III and to some extent by domain IV. Thus, voltage-dependent inactivation of alpha(1E) channels is a complex process that involves multiple structural domains and possibly a global conformational change in the channel protein.
Comparative Study of Viscoelastic Arterial Wall Models in Nonlinear One-Dimensional Finite Element Simulations of Blood Flow (2011)

It is well known that blood vessels exhibit viscoelastic properties, which are modeled in the literature with different mathematical forms and experimental bases. The wide range of existing viscoelastic wall models may produce significantly different blood flow, pressure, and vessel deformation solutions in cardiovascular simulations. In this paper, we present a novel comparative study of two different viscoelastic wall models in nonlinear one-dimensional (1D) simulations of blood flow. The viscoelastic models are from papers by Holenstein et al. in 1980 (model V1) and Valdez-Jasso et al. in 2009 (model V2). The static elastic or zero-frequency responses of both models are chosen to be identical. The nonlinear 1D blood flow equations incorporating wall viscoelasticity are solved using a space-time finite element method and the implementation is verified with the Method of Manufactured Solutions. Simulation results using models V1, V2 and the common static elastic model are compared in three application examples: (i) wave propagation study in an idealized vessel with reflection-free outflow boundary condition; (ii) carotid artery model with nonperiodic boundary conditions; and (iii) subject-specific abdominal aorta model under rest and simulated lower limb exercise conditions. In the wave propagation study the damping and wave speed were largest for model V2 and lowest for the elastic model. In the carotid and abdominal aorta studies the most significant differences between wall models were observed in the hysteresis (pressure-area) loops, which were larger for V2 than V1, indicating that V2 is a more dissipative model. The cross-sectional area oscillations over the cardiac cycle were smaller for the viscoelastic models compared to the elastic model. In the abdominal aorta study, differences between constitutive models were more pronounced under exercise conditions than at rest. Inlet pressure pulse for model V1 was larger than the pulse for V2 and the elastic model in the exercise case. In this paper, we have successfully implemented and verified two viscoelastic wall models in a nonlinear 1D finite element blood flow solver and analyzed differences between these models in various idealized and physiological simulations, including exercise. The computational model of blood flow presented here can be utilized in further studies of the cardiovascular system incorporating viscoelastic wall properties.
Impact of 3R wavelength converter tunability on WDM networks with finite signal impairment threshold (2008)

The effects of 3R wavelength converters (3R-WC) tunability on WDM networks with finite signal impairment threshold are presented. We find that 3R-WCs with limited tuning range can give the same network performance with full tunability.
Spectral Efficiency Analysis for Multicarrier Based 4G Systems (2006)

In this paper, a spectral efficiency definition is proposed. Spectral efficiency for multicarrier based multiaccess techniques, such as OFDMA, MC-CDMA and OFDMA-CDM, is analyzed. Simulations for different indoor and outdoor scenarios are carried out. Based on the simulations, we have discussed how different wireless channel’s condition affects the performance of a system in terms of spectral efficiency. Based on our analysis, we have also recommended different access techniques for different scenarios.
Electronic and Optical Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecular Transport Junctions Created by On‐Wire Lithography (2012)

Raman spectroscsopy is used for studying molecular transport junctions (MTJs), but it cannot distinguish molecules participating in electrical transport from nearby inactive molecules. Here, on-wire lithography-generated nanostructures are used to study MTJs through inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy complemented by Raman spectroscopy to fingerprint the molecules participating in electrical conduction, while observation of host-guest interactions confirms their functionality. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Sequential Loss of Tumor Vessel Pericytes and Endothelial Cells after Inhibition of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor B by Selective Aptamer AX102 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Sequential Loss of Tumor Vessel Pericytes and Endothelial Cells after Inhibition of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor B by Selective Aptamer AX102
Application of slow and fast light effects to microwave photonics (2011)

espanolPresentamos una resena global de la aplicacion de tecnicas basadas en luz lenta y luz rapida al campo de la fotonica de microondas. Para ello consideraremos los principios basicos que permiten la implementacion de funcionalidades clave como son las operaciones de desfase sintonizable sobre una senal de microondas y lineas de retardo sintonizables. Nos centraremos en la descripcion de los progresos mas significativos, basados en tecnologias de optica no lineal, desarrollados en este campo por el Grupo de Comunidades Opticas y Cuanticas del Instituto de Telecomunicaciones y Aplicaciones Multimedia (TEAM) sito en la Universidad Politenica de Valencia. En particular, realizaremos una descripcion general de los principales trabajos de investigacion enmarcados en dos tecnologias basadas en luz lenta: Oscilaciones coherentes de la poblacion (CPO) en amplificadores opticos de semiconductor (SOAs) y dispersion estimulada de Brillouin en fibras opticas. EnglishWe present a comprehensive review of the application of slow and fast light techniques to the field of microwave photonics. Basic principles leading to the implementation of key desired functionalities as tunable microwave phase shifting and true time delay operations are considered. We focus on the description of the significant breakthroughs based on nonlinear optics technologies developed in this field by the Optical and Quantum Communications Group of the Telecommunications and Multimedia Applications Research Institute (ITEAM) at the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia. Particularly, recent approaches enshrined in two different Slow Light technologies are overall described: coherent population oscillations (CPO) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐ and ent‐(‐)‐Yatakemycin (I) and Duocarmycin SA (II): Evaluation of Yatakemycin Key Partial Structures and Its Unnatural Enantiomer. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preface (2008)

The field of digital communication has evolved rapidly in the past few decades, with commercial applications proliferating in wireline communication networks (e.g., digital subscriber loop, cable, fiber optics), wireless communication (e.g., cell phones and wireless local area networks), and storage media (e.g., compact discs, hard drives). The typical undergraduate and graduate student is drawn to the field because of these applications, but is often intimidated by the mathematical background necessary to understand communication theory. A good lecturer in digital communication alleviates this fear by means of examples, and covers only the concepts that directly impact the applications being studied. The purpose of this text is to provide such a lecture style exposition to provide an accessible, yet rigorous, introduction to the subject of digital communication. This book is also suitable for self-study by practitioners who wish to brush up on fundamental concepts.
P2‐322: The postsynaptic density protein, PSD‐95, coexists with neuropathological changes in 5XFAD and P301L transgenic mice (2010)

Impairment of synaptic plasticity is believed to underlie memory dysfunction in Alzheimer's and other dementing illnesses. Molecules involved in synaptic plasticity may, therefore, play important roles in pathogenesis and offer clues for treatment. PSD-95 is the major scaffold protein that controls NMDA and AMPA receptors at excitatory synapses and is essential for long term potentiation (LTP) and long term depression (LTD). Surprisingly, the role of PSD-95 in neurodegenerative diseases has not been extensively investigated. We examined brain tissue from two transgenic mouse models: 5XFAD for amyloidopathy and JNPL3 P301L for tauopathy using double-labeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. In 5XFAD mice, PSD-95 colocalized with amyloid-β (Aβ), primarily within the center of plaque cores. A similar staining was noted for MAP-2, another dendritic protein. In addition, PSD-95 immunopositivity increased in neuronal soma adjacent to Aβ plaques. In JNPL3 mice, both PSD-95 and tau accumulated in neuronal cell bodies, especially in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Interestingly, PSD-95 and tau were located in disparate neurons in close proximity to one another. MAP-2, on the other hand, did not colocalize with either PSD-95 or tau in this model. In wild-type animals, PSD-95 had a typical synaptic pattern without any build-up within soma. Accumulation of PSD-95 in plaques and neuronal cell bodies in 5XFAD mice may represent an Aβ-induced degenerative change. Similarly, build-up of PSD-95 in subsets of neurons in JNPL3 mice may be indicative of tauopathy-related toxicity. Taken together, the abnormal redistribution of PSD-95 to neuronal soma may lead to synaptic dysfunction at dendritic spines and thus could impede memory function in both amyloidopathy and tauopathy.
Data Compilation for AGR-3/4 Matrix Ring Blank Lot RDKRS. Revision 1 (2011)

This document is a compilation of compacting and characterization data for the matrix ring blank lot RDKRS. These ring blanks were made using Hexion Durite SC-1008 resin mixed with natural and synthetic graphite flake. The 26 mm diameter, 63 mm long solid cylindrical ring blanks were shipped from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for machining and insertion into the Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification (AGR) program’s third irradiation test (AGR-3/4).
Design and assessment of multiple-sound source localization using microphone arrays (2019)

This paper addresses 2D sound source localization using multiple microphone arrays with the future aim to be applied to outdoor environments. To achieve such sound source localization, there are two main issues to overcome. One is the lack of knowledge about how to design the system, since the localization performance depends on resolution of the array's Transfer Function, the number of used microphone arrays, signal-to-noise ratio and the target sound's frequency characteristics. We conduct a thorough analysis of the localization results with different simulation conditions. The other problem is the distinction between multiple sound sources, which is directly related to the appearance of outliers in the localization process of these sounds. To solve this issue, we propose an outlier removal method, taking sound property of the observed sounds into consideration. As the application scenario of the simulations, we selected bird song analysis, which provides a challenging environment in terms of constantly changing signal-to-noise ratio and relative sensor-to-target position. When the task is automated, robust robot audition technology can be established, possibly advancing one step closer to creating a fully automated bird song analysis system. We established a prototype system using the proposed method. We present several simulation results followed by a discussion on the issues, leading to establishing system design guidelines that ensure a predictable performance.
D-Cluster Converter Foil for Laser-Accelerated Deuteron Beams: Towards Deuteron-Beam-Driven Fast Ignition (2011)

A volumetrically-loaded ultra-high-density deuterium cluster material is described here for use as a deuteron beam source in laser matter interactions. Due to high volumetric loading, the material has potential to provide enough deuteron beam flux for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) fuel ignition, avoiding depletion problem encountered by current proton-driven fast ignition (FI). In addition, accelerated deuterons can fuse with the ICF fuel (both D and T) to provide extra “bonus” energy gain, which further relaxes the laser-driver energy needed. Preliminary TRIDENT sub-Petawatt Laser experiments have provided some encouraging results showing that our cluster foils with a relative low packing fraction, can achieve a high yield of the accelerated deuterons even in the presence of an unwanted surface contaminant.
Dissection of the inflammatory bowel disease transcriptome using genome-wide cDNA microarrays identifies novel candidate disease genes (2005)

Author: Costello, Christine M. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Issued: 2005; Title: Dissection of the inflammatory bowel disease transcriptome using genome-wide cDNA microarrays identifies novel candidate disease genes
Simple genetic diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia by sensitive detection of the BRAF-V600E mutation (2011)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that responds well to purine analogs but is sometimes difficult to differentiate from HCL-like disorders (e.g., splenic marginal zone lymphoma and HCL variant). We recently identified the BRAF-V600E mutation as the disease-defining genetic event in HCL. In this study, we describe a new, simple, and inexpensive test for genetics-based diagnosis of HCL in whole-blood samples that detects BRAF-V600E through a sensitive allele-specific PCR qualitative assay followed by agarose-gel electrophoresis. This approach detected BRAF-V600E in all 123 leukemic HCL samples investigated containing as few as 0.1% leukemic cells. BRAF-V600E was detected at different time points during the disease course, even after therapy, pointing to its pivotal role in HCL pathogenesis and maintenance of the leukemic clone. Conversely, 115 non-HCL chronic B-cell neoplasms, including 79 HCL-like disorders, were invariably negative for BRAF-V600E. This molecular assay is a powerful tool for improving the diagnostic accuracy in HCL.
[High affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon R I)]. (1996)

The high-affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R I) has a tetrameric structure composed of one alpha, one beta and two disulfide-linked gamma subunits (alpha beta gamma 2), of which alpha subunit binds IgE with high affinity and beta, gamma subunits transduce intracellular activation signals. We generated recombinant soluble form of the ectodomain of the human Fc epsilon R I alpha subunit (soluble alpha) and monoclonal antibodies again Fc epsilon R I alpha which inhibit IgE-binding. Soluble alpha works not only as a prophylactic agent for allergy but is also effective for on-going allergic reaction. In addition soluble alpha was elucidated to bind to membranous IgE on B cells and inhibit IgE synthesis. Fab fragments of the monoclonal Abs which inhibit IgE-binding were also very effective as anti-allergic agents and humanization of these Abs are underway.