gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Neutralizing COVID-19 Convalescent Plasmas Potently Block SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Pneumonia in Syrian Hamsters (2021)

Despite various attempts to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients with COVID-19 convalescent plasmas, neither appropriate approach nor clinical utility has been established. We examined the efficacy of administration of highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma (<i>hn</i>-plasmas) and such plasma-derived IgG administration using the Syrian hamster COVID-19 model. Two <i>hn</i>-plasmas, which were in the best 1% of 340 neutralizing activity-determined convalescent plasmas, were intraperitoneally administered to SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, resulting in a significant reduction of viral titers in lungs by up to 32-fold compared to the viral titers in hamsters receiving control nonneutralizing plasma, while with two moderately neutralizing plasmas (<i>mn</i>-plasmas) administered, viral titer reduction was by up to 6-fold. IgG fractions purified from the two <i>hn</i>-plasmas also reduced viral titers in lungs more than those from the two <i>mn</i>-plasmas. The severity of lung lesions seen in hamsters receiving <i>hn</i>-plasmas was minimal to moderate as assessed using microcomputerized tomography, which histological examination confirmed. Western blotting revealed that all four COVID-19 convalescent plasmas variably contained antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 components, including the receptor-binding domain and S1 domain. The present data strongly suggest that administering potent neutralizing activity-confirmed COVID-19 convalescent plasmas would be efficacious in treating patients with COVID-19. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Convalescent plasmas obtained from patients who recovered from a specific infection have been used as agents to treat other patients infected with the very pathogen. To treat using convalescent plasmas, despite that more than 10 randomized controlled clinical trials have been conducted and more than 100 studies are currently ongoing, the effects of convalescent plasma against COVID-19 remained uncertain. On the other hand, certain COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to reduce the clinical COVID-19 onset by 94 to 95%, for which the elicited SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies are apparently directly responsible. Here, we demonstrate that highly neutralizing effect-confirmed convalescent plasmas significantly reduce the viral titers in the lung of SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian hamsters and block the development of virally induced lung lesions. The present data provide a proof of concept that the presence of highly neutralizing antibody in COVID-19 convalescent plasmas is directly responsible for the reduction of viral replication and support the use of highly neutralizing antibody-containing plasmas in COVID-19 therapy with convalescent plasmas.
Advanced Quality in Epitaxial Layer Transfer by Bond and Etch-back of Porous Si (1996)

We report recent qualitative advances in bonding and etch-back of silicon on insulator (SOI) using structure-sensitive selective etching of porous Si. The defect density in the epitaxial layer grown on the porous Si is lowered to 3.5×10 2 /cm 2 by raising the H 2 prebake temperature in conjunction with the “preinjection technique” in which a small amount of Si is supplied during the high-temperature H 2 prebake prior to epitaxial growth. H 2 annealing also gives a smooth SOI surface comparable to the bulk polished wafer. Improved thickness uniformity of ±1.8% is achieved using the single wafer processing epi-reactor. The electrical characteristics are evaluated by fabricating pn-junction diode.
2-Methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination: a potential treatment for breast and prostate cancer (2008)

Drug combination therapy is a key strategy to improve treatment efficacy and survival of cancer patients. In this study the effects of combining 2-methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX140), a microtubule disruptor, with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) were assessed in MCF-7 (breast) and LNCaP (prostate) xenograft models in vivo. In mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts, daily p.o. administration of STX140 (5 mg kg(-1)) resulted in a 46% (P<0.05) reduction of tumour volume. However, the combination of STX140 (5 mg kg(-1) p.o.) and 2DG (2 g kg(-1) i.p.) reduced tumour volume by 76% (P<0.001). 2-Methoxyoestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate also reduced tumour vessel density. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose alone had no significant effect on tumour volume or vessel density. A similar benefit of the combination treatment was observed in the LNCaP prostate xenograft model. In vitro the degree of inhibition of cell proliferation by STX140 was unaffected by oxygen concentrations. In contrast, the inhibition of proliferation by 2DG was enhanced under hypoxia by 20 and 25% in MCF-7 and LNCaP cells, respectively. The combination of STX140 and 2DG in LNCaP cells under normoxia or hypoxia inhibited proliferation to a greater extent than either compound alone. These results suggest that the antiangiogenic and microtubule disruption activities of STX140 may make tumours more susceptible to inhibition of glycolysis by 2DG. This is the first study to show the benefit of combining a microtubule disruptor with 2DG in the two most common solid tumours.
Enhanced thrombus development after transient cerebral ischemia (2013)

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a precursor event in 7–40% of patients who suffer from an ischemic stroke. This study examined whether a brief transient period of ischemia leads to an increased vulnerability of the brain to thrombus development. TIA were induced in mouse brain by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 2.5 to 10 mins. Twenty‐four hrs thereafter, mice were evaluated for neurological deficits, and thrombus formation was induced in cerebral microvessels using the light/dye method. Thrombosis was quantified using time of onset of platelet aggregation on the vessel wall and time to complete flow cessation. Compared to control mice, TIAs ranging in duration from 2.5 to 10 mins resulted in an accelerated rate of thrombus development. The TIA enhanced thrombogenesis was not accompanied by changes in neurological function or brain infarction (assessed by TTC staining). Aspirin (ASA), which is an initial line of treatment for TIA in humans, was shown to offer modest but significant protection against TIA enhanced thrombus development. Our findings indicate that TIA accelerates thrombus development in the cerebral microcirculation and that ASA treatment offers modest benefit in preventing this response.
ChemInform Abstract: Ti(III) Salt‐Mediated Formation of 1,3‐Dioxolanes. (1989)

Abstract When benzil (I) is treated with titanium(III) chloride, the intermediate radical (II) is generated.
Structure-Dependent Thermal Defunctionalization of Alkylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

Covalent sidewall functionalization of SWCNTs with alkyl groups is an important process that allows nanotubes to be dissolved in organic solvents for further chemical processing, fundamental research studies, and applications development. Because of structure-dependent strain and reactivity, it is expected that the stability of functionalized SWCNTs may depend on nanotube diameter and roll-up angle. We report here a detailed study of variations in the rates of thermally induced defunctionalization for alkylated SWCNTs with a range of structures. Raw HiPco SWCNT samples were functionalized via reductive alkylation using lithium and alkyl halides in liquid ammonia. This gave high degrees of side-wall functionalization, as evidenced by the solubility and high Raman D to G peak ratios of the products. The alkylated samples were then heated for 30 min in an inert atmosphere at specific temperatures in the range of 100 to 500 °C and characterized by Raman, NIR fluorescence, and absorption spectroscopies, plus thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the thermolysis treatment fully defunctionalized the nanotubes, but in a strongly structure dependent fashion, with larger diameter species becoming dealkylated at lower temperatures than smaller diameter species. This structure selectivity was especially evident from changes in the samples’ NIR fluorescence spectra. A quantitative interpretation of the results will be presented.
Gas Turbine Emission Characteristics in Perfectly Premixed Combustion (2012)

In the present study, a simple perfectly premixed research burner was utilized at temperatures, pressures and residence times representative of an industrial gas turbine cycle to identify the lower limit of NOx and CO emissions, and to establish an emissions benchmark for practical gas turbine combustors. In addition to experimental data, a chemical reactor model has been utilized for the prediction of the NOx and CO, based on detailed chemical reaction mechanisms. Several current kinetics mechanisms were evaluated and subsequently compared to the experimental data. In addition, sensitivity analysis was performed to identify important reactions at the conditions tested, and will be discussed.
Chromopeptides from C-phycocyanin. Structure and linkage of a phycocyanobilin bound to the .beta. subunit (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromopeptides from C-phycocyanin. Structure and linkage of a phycocyanobilin bound to the .beta. subunitJ. Clark Lagarias, Alexander N. Glazer, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 17, 5030–5037Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00511a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00511a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Decoupling Type Multilateral Control by Using Identity Ratio (2007)

In this paper, a noble bilateral control method is introduced to realize decoupled haptic transmission technology. At first, bilateral system based on acceleration control is discussed. Both of master and slave are controlled by position regulator and force servoing, and these two controllers are decomposed into two modes “common mode” and “differential mode” in the virtual space. Decomposed controller helps to control position and force information individually. Second, the bilateral control is extended and generalized as a multilateral control, which based on the decomposed controller. Third, to realize decoupled haptic information, IR (identity ratio) is introduced into differential mode. IR shows ratio of each input in the common mode. Although slave robot is controlled by a numbers of masters, each of masters can feel the sense which depend on their inputs. Fourth, numerical simulation and experimental results are shown. The numerical simulation and experimental results show the viability of the proposed method.
Online Semantic Knowledge Management for Product Design Based on Product Engineering Ontologies (2013)

This paper formulates an approach to use the semantic web for knowledge management in the product design domain to provide enhanced capabilities of authoring/updating, querying/reasoning, searching, and visualization of information. Engineering has unique challenges, due to the pervasive use of CAD models and underlying interoperability and integration issues. The authors propose a distributed model composed of a host hybrid-data repository, external public linked data sources, a semantic data management engine, and a web-based user interface layer. The hybrid-data repository consists of ontologies to preserve knowledge for the product design domain and a conventional product data base to utilize legacy design data. Near full integration with a web based environment is achieved. The importance of accessing product related CAD data that has been instantiated in ontology models, querying them, and then displaying the data on a web interface in real time with other legacy data, such as hand sketches and notes that have been scanned and relevant information from conventional rational databases public linked data sites, is a useful and transformational capability. The system clearly facilitates design and information management beyond traditional CAD capabilities and creates a foundation for important capability improvements in the domain.
Cycle energy control of magnetorheological dampers on cables (2008)

The dissipated cycle energy of magnetorheological (MR) dampers operated at constant current results from controllable hysteretic damping and from almost current independent, small viscous damping. Thus, the emulation of Coulomb friction and linear viscous damping necessitates current modulation during one vibration cycle and therefore current drivers. To avoid this drawback, a cycle energy control (CEC) approach is presented which controls the hysteretic MR damper part such that the total MR damper energy equals the energy of optimal linear viscous damping by constant current during one cycle. The excited higher modes due to the hysteretic damping part are partially damped by the MR damper viscous part. Simulations show that CEC copes better with damper force dynamics and constraints than emulated linear viscous damping due to the slow control force dynamics of CEC which are given by cable amplitude dynamics. It is demonstrated that CEC of MR dampers with viscosity of approximately 4.65% of the optimal modal viscosity performs better than optimal linear viscous damping. The reason is that this damper viscosity represents an optimal compromise between maximum energy spillover to higher modes due to the controllable hysteretic part which produces more cable damping and maximum viscous damping of these higher modes. Damping tests on a cable with an MR damper validate the CEC approach.
Electron-Transfer Oxidation Properties of Substituted Bi-, Ter-, and Quaterpyrroles (2007)

A set of open-chain fully substituted bi-, ter-, and quaterpyrroles bearing analogous substituents in the alpha- and beta-pyrrolic positions were studied as a function of their chain length, subunit number, and size of potential conjugation pathway by means of cyclic voltammetry, EPR, and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry. A comparison of E1/2 values for the first one-electron abstraction of bipyrrole 1 (1.07 V), terpyrrole 2 (0.67 V), and quaterpyrrole 3 (0.44 V) demonstrate clearly that the longer oligopyrroles are easier to oxidize. A strong absorption band is observed in the visible region when terpyrrole 2 is subject to one-electron oxidation, growing in at 856 nm accompanied by a shoulder at 778 nm. These strong absorptions in the visible region of the spectrum are in sharp contrast with the absence of bands in the red region when the bipyrrole 1 is subject to a similar one-electron oxidation and this can be explained by the presence of a longer conjugation pathway in the singly oxidized forms of 2 as was confirmed by EPR spectroscopy. The EPR spectra of 1*+, 2*+, and 3*+ indicate that the unpaired electron is more delocalized on the pyrroles with a longer conjugation and that the more the unpaired electron is delocalized, the faster is the electron exchange rate.
Improvement in Electrical Stress Stability of Indium Zinc Oxide TFTs after Low Temperature Postanneals (2010)

We report the effect of low temperature long anneals on the performance and elevated temperature stability of low temperature fabricated indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin film transistors (TFTs). There is an optimum annealing time of 48 h for the best performance and elevated temperature stability. The 48 h annealed TFTs showed stable turn-on voltage and subthreshold swing with operation temperatures when compared to the as-fabricated TFTs. The performance/stability improvements are attributed to the reduction in trap-state density at the semiconductor/insulator interface and to the curing of the defect states in the bandgap of IZO.
Novel synthesis of 3-fluoro- and 3,3-difluoro-substituted β-lactams: evaluation as potential antiproliferative and tubulin destabilizing agents (2019)

Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), a natural stilbene is a potent microtubule-disrupting agent, which binds at the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. The design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a series of analogues of the microtubule-destabilising agent CA-4 is described. The monocyclic &beta;-lactam CA-4 analogues containing halogen substituents at the C-3 position of &beta;-lactam ring were synthesized using the Staudinger reaction. Previous investigations described two approaches for the construction of 3-fluoro-&beta;-lactams using the ketene-imine condensation or the enolate-imine condensation method. In the present work, a ready synthesis of 3-fluoro- and 3,3-difluoro-substituted &beta;-lactams was developed by a convenient microwave-assisted Reformatsky reaction using ethyl bromofluoroacetate and ethyl bromodifluoroacetate respectively. To the best to our knowledge, this is the first report of this new synthetic approach for 3-fluoro- and 3,3-difluoro-&beta;-lactams as CA-4 analogues. The reaction was successful with short reaction time compared to the conventional Staudinger reaction, moderate yields and few steps. It is demonstrated to be a convenient and facile method for the preparation of a variety of 3-fluoro- and 3,3-difluoro-&beta;-lactams. The 3-fluoro-&beta;-lactams (1-8) and 3,3-difluoro-&beta;-lactams (9-16) in this series contain the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring A, (required for potent activity of CA-4), together with various ring B substituents. The structure of &beta;-lactams 6 and 14 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Preliminary cell viability studies demonstrated the antiproliferative effects of these novel compounds, with IC50 value of 0.153 &micro;M for 6 in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.
Antimicrobial and Attractant Roles for Chemerin in the Oral Cavity during Inflammatory Gum Disease (2017)

Periodontal inflammation is one of the most common chronic inflammatory conditions in humans. Despite recent advances in identifying and characterizing oral microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of gum disease, just how host factors maintain a healthy homeostatic oral microbial community or prevent the development of a pathogenic oral microbiota remains poorly understood. An important determinant of microbiota fate is local antimicrobial proteins. Here, we report that chemoattractant protein chemerin, which we recently identified as a potent endogenous antimicrobial agent in body barriers such as the skin, is present in the oral cavity under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Chemerin and a chemerin-derived antimicrobial peptide are bactericidal against select bacteria strategically positioned in dental biofilm. Gingival crevicular samples from patients with gingivitis but not periodontitis contain abundant bioactive chemerin capable of inducing CMKLR1-dependent leukocyte migration. Gingipains secreted by the periodontopathogen <i>P. gingivalis</i> inactivate chemerin. Together, these data suggest that as an antimicrobial agent and leukocyte chemoattractant, chemerin likely contributes to antimicrobial immune defense in the oral cavity.
Rationale and methodology for a multicentre randomised trial of fibrinolysis for pulmonary embolism that includes quality of life outcomes (2013)

An investigator-initiated, FDA-regulated, multicentre trial of fibrinolysis for submassive PE was conducted, but was limited by screening costs and a low mortality rate. Quality of life measurements might represent a more important patient-centred end-point.
Visualization of Stacking Faults and their Formation in Colloidal Photonic Crystal Films (2008)

We demonstrate experimentally that stacking faults give rise to unique optical spectra in self-assembled colloidal crystal films. These defects are shown to affect only bands in the high frequency region, while leaving the fundamental 〈111〉 stopgap unaffected. Stacking faults are revealed to be caused by the incorporation of impurity spheres into the colloidal lattice during growth (pictured), a mechanism common to atomic crystallization. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/adma200702431_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A mobile motion analysis system using inertial sensors for analysis of lower limb prosthetics (2011)

Soldiers returning from the global war on terror requiring lower leg prosthetics generally have different concerns and requirements than the typical lower leg amputee. These subjects are usually young, wish to remain active and often desire to return to active military duty. As such, they demand higher performance from their prosthetics, but are at risk for chronic injury and joint conditions in their unaffected limb. Motion analysis is a valuable tool in assessing the performance of new and existing prosthetic technologies as well as the methods in fitting these devices to both maximize performance and minimize risk of injury for the individual soldier. We are developing a mobile, low-cost motion analysis system using inertial measurement units (IMUs) and two custom force sensors that detect ground reaction forces and moments on both the unaffected limb and prosthesis. IMUs were tested on a robot programmed to simulate human gait motion. An algorithm which uses a kinematic model of the robot and an extended Kalman filter (EKF) was used to convert the rates and accelerations from the gyro and accelerometer into joint angles. Compared to encoder data from the robot, which was considered the ground truth in this experiment, the inertial measurement system had a RMSE of <;1.0 degree. Collecting kinematic and kinetic data without the restrictions and expense of a motion analysis lab could help researchers, designers and prosthetists advance prosthesis technology and customize devices for individuals. Ultimately, these improvements will result in better prosthetic performance for the military population.
Cost estimates of production scale semitransparent organic photovoltaic modules for building integrated photovoltaics (2020)

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) are attached to commercial and residential structures to enable solar energy harvesting.