gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printing functional nanostructures: a novel route towards nanostructuring of organic electronic devices via soft embossing, inkjet printing and colloidal self assembly of semiconducting polymer nanospheres (2008)

A new method for nanostructure formation from conjugated polymers is presented: an aqueous dispersion of semiconducting polymer nanospheres (SPNs) is deposited by inkjet printing onto a polymer surface patterned by soft embossing. By interaction between the spheres and the undulated surface a self assembly process is triggered, resulting in the formation of SPN nanostructures determined by the template. Both template layer and assembled SPNs can be incorporated into a device structure. We demonstrate a light emitting structure for use in polymer light emitting devices including analyses by atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy.
Materials to improve the performance of lithium and sodium batteries (2023)

A lithium or sodium battery includes a cathode containing manganese; an anode containing an active anode material; a separator; an electrolyte; and a transition metal ion sequestration agent; wherein the transition metal ion sequestration agent contains a micron or nano-sized inorganic compound and the transition metal ion sequestration agent is located on and/or within the separator; on and/or within the anode; in the electrolyte; or any combination thereof.
Controlled Scalable Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles (2007)

Zinc oxide nanoparticles are formed under continuous flow using spinning disc processing (SDP). Synthetic parameters such as temperature, flow rate, disc speed, and surface texture influence the reaction kinetics and particle size in an ethanolic solution using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent. SDP ensures intense mixing, accelerates nucleation and growth, and affords monodispersed ZnO nanoparticles with controlled particle size. UV−visible spectroscopy shows the formation of particles down to a size of 1.3 nm and polydispersities of approximately 10%, as well as subnanometer clusters. Modification of the temperature and flow rate provides control of the particle size and polydispersity, albeit with the nanoparticles slowly undergoing ripening post-SDP.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Synovial Cysts (2004)

Synovial cysts can be effectively treated with a tubular retractor system in conjunction with an endoscope or microscope. Use of the tubular retractor minimizes soft-tissue trauma, incision length, blood loss, and disruption of ligamentous and bony structures. This may be particularly significant when synovial cysts are associated with spondylolisthesis, minimizing the risk of progressive instability and the need for fusion.
Designing telehealth into work: the role of business models (2013)

The International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles in the field of integrated care on a continuous basis.IJIC has an Impact Factor of 5.120 (2020 JCR, received in June 2021)The IJIC 20th Anniversary Issue was published in 2021.
Development of new camphor based N,S chiral ligands and their application in transfer hydrogenationElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: 13C NMR spectra. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ob/b4/b402805h/ (2004)

A new class of N,S-containing chiral compounds based on the camphor scaffold have been synthesised and evaluated as chiral catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone. The best results were achieved using compound 6a as the ligand and [Ir(COD)Cl](2) as the metal precursor.
Report on the first IEEE international workshop on networking meets databases (NetDB'05) (2005)

In this report, to the best of our ability, we try to summarize the presentations and discussions occurred within the First IEEE International Workshop on Networking Meets Databases (NetDB) which was held in Tokyo Japan on April 8th and 9th, 2005. NetDB was one of the many (11 to be exact) satellite workshops of the IEEE ICDE (International Conference on Data Engineering) 2005 conference. This workshop is part of the very few initiatives in bringing the networking and database communities together. The focus research areas of NetDB 2005 were sensor and peer-to-peer networks.
Free Ethylene Radical Polymerization under Mild Conditions: The Impact of the Solvent (2009)

Ethylene polymerization is performed industrially either by radical polymerization under severe conditions (1000-4000 bar, 200-300°C) or by catalytic mechanism at lower temperatures (usually less than 100°C) and pressures (below 50 bar). Standard radical polymerization conditions are too severe to permit a fine control of the macromolecular architecture. Under milder conditions radical ethylene polymerization is assumed to be ineffective, which has been confirmed using toluene as solvent. The efficiency of free radical polymerization under mild conditions (up to 250 bar of ethylene and a polymerization temperature between 50°C to 90°C) has been investigated in THF which is a more polar solvent than toluene. In this solvent, polyethylene has been obtained with relatively good yields highlighting an unexpected high solvent effect in the free radical ethylene polymerization. This solvent effect has been rationalized using theoretical considerations
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Contributes to Resistance to Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Drugs in Human Cancer Cells (2008)

This study shows that VEGFR-1 contributes to anti-EGFR drug resistance in different human cancer cells. Moreover, vandetanib inhibits VEGFR-1 activation, cell proliferation, and migration, suggesting its potential utility in patients resistant to EGFR inhibitors.
Heavy Ball Momentum for Conditional Gradient (2021)

Conditional gradient, aka Frank Wolfe (FW) algorithms, have well-documented merits in machine learning and signal processing applications. Unlike projection-based methods, momentum cannot improve the convergence rate of FW, in general. This limitation motivates the present work, which deals with heavy ball momentum, and its impact to FW. Specifically, it is established that heavy ball offers a unifying perspective on the primal-dual (PD) convergence, and enjoys a tighter per iteration PD error rate, for multiple choices of step sizes, where PD error can serve as the stopping criterion in practice. In addition, it is asserted that restart, a scheme typically employed jointly with Nesterov's momentum, can further tighten this PD error bound. Numerical results demonstrate the usefulness of heavy ball momentum in FW iterations.
Zerovalent Copper Intercalated Birnessite as a Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries: Extending Cycle Life (2017)

Birnessite type layered manganese dioxides (δ-MnO<sub>2</sub>) have attracted considerable attention in recent years as 2D intercalation cathodes for rechargeable Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and Mg<sup>2+</sup> batteries due to fast ion diffusion through their negatively charged δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> sheets separated by interlayer cations and a stable Mn<sup>3+/4+</sup> redox couple. Here we report the preparation and electrochemistry of zero and divalent copper co-intercalated birnessite type manganese dioxide (Cu<sup>0</sup><sub>0.03</sub>Cu<sup>2+</sup><sub>0.21</sub>Na<sup>0.12</sup>MnO<sub>2</sub>·0.9H<sub>2</sub>O). The copper intercalated birnessite materials were fully characterized utilizing powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mixed valent nature of intercalated Cu<sup>0</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Electrochemical evaluation results show that zero valent copper intercalated birnessite exhibits higher discharge capability, improved cyclability, and lower impedance compared to the Cu<sup>2+</sup> only intercalated (Cu<sub>0.26</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub>·1.0H<sub>2</sub>O) and Cu free Na birnessite (Na<sub>0.40</sub>MnO<sub>2</sub>·1.0H<sub>2</sub>O) materials. Remarkably, zero valent copper birnessite shows almost no fade after 10 cycles at 0.1 mV/s. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results suggest that charge transfer resistivity of Cu<sup>0</sup> modified samples was much lower than that of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cu free birnessite, indicating that the presence of a small amount of Cu<sup>0</sup> improves the conductivity of birnessite and results in better electrochemical cyclability, rate capability, and lower impedance.
Epoxide‐Opening Cascades in the Synthesis of Polycyclic Polyether Natural Products (2009)

The structural features of polycyclic polyether natural products can, in some cases, be traced to their biosynthetic origin. However in case that are less well understood, only biosynthetic pathways that feature dramatic, yet speculative, epoxide-opening cascades are proposed. We summarize how such epoxide-opening cascade reactions have been used in the synthesis of polycyclic polyethers (see scheme) and related natural products.The group of polycyclic polyether natural products is of special interest owing to the fascinating structure and biological effects displayed by its members. The latter includes potentially therapeutic antibiotic, antifungal, and anticancer properties, and extreme lethality. The polycyclic structural features of this class of compounds can, in some cases, be traced to their biosynthetic origin, but in others that are less well understood, only to proposed biosynthetic pathways that feature dramatic, yet speculative, epoxide-opening cascades. In this review we summarize how such epoxide-opening cascade reactions have been used in the synthesis of polycyclic polyethers and related natural products.
The effect of region of interest selection on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of the calcaneus in 55 post-menopausal women. (1999)

Bone mineral density (BMD) of the calcaneus was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in four different regions of the calcaneus in 20 pre-menopausal and 55 post-menopausal women, none of whom were on treatment or suffering from conditions affecting bone. The total body option in the small animal software package of a Lunar DPX-L bone densitometer was used. The precision of the technique (%CV) varied from 0.7 to 2.2% depending on the region scanned. For post-menopausal women, BMD results in the mid and posterior parts of the calcaneus varied by < 7% while BMD in the anterior region was about 20% lower. DXA of the calcaneus was compared with measurements at the spine (L2-L4) and hip (femoral neck) and changes with age were estimated from cross-sectional data. BMD of the calcaneus was significantly reduced in 28 post-menopausal women with low lumbar spine BMD (-2SD) compared with women with normal spine BMD. Calcaneal BMD was significantly correlated to axial BMD (r = 0.45-0.77) and to age (r = 0.45 to -0.63). For a subgroup of 33 post-menopausal women measured twice after approximately 1 year, calcaneus BMD decreased by between 1.2% and 2.5% while axial BMD showed no significant change. Unlike spine or femoral neck BMD, the decrease in calcaneus BMD was significantly greater in women with low spine BMD than in normal women, possibly indicating improved detection of skeletal changes. The optimum measurement sites for BMD in the calcaneus were within the mid or posterior part of the calcaneus or enclosing the whole posterior calcaneus. The calcaneus was shown to be a precise, sensitive and simple measurement site suitable for the assessment of osteoporosis, especially in the elderly where degenerative changes in the spine and hip can complicate BMD assessment.
Rapid diagnosis of common aneuploidies by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. (2000)

The most frequent autosomal aneuploidies in newborns involve chromosomes 21, 18, and 13. The pre- and postnatal detection of chromosome abnormalities has been almost exclusively performed by cytogenetic analysis. In this paper, we assess the diagnostic value of fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using polymorphic small tandem repeats (STR). PCR products are distinguished via both size and fluorescence intensity to confirm the trisomy by either triallelic signals with similar fluorescence intensities or diallelic pattern with double-dose response. Compared with the relatively time-consuming and laborious classic cytogenetic analysis, this technique is rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive for the detection of trisomies 21, 18 and 13, particularly when the numbers of cells obtained from the prenatal diagnosis is limited or where cell culture fails. With greater samples tested and more STR markers available, this method will become more reliable. This study investigates the detection of aneuploides involving chromosomes 21, 18, and 13 by comparing quantitative fluorescent PCR with karyotyping performed by conventional cytogenetics. The results obtained by the two techniques were concordant in all trisomy cases of this study.
Output feedback risk-sensitive control and differential games for continuous-time nonlinear systems (2002)

In this paper we carry out a formal analysis of an output feedback risk-sensitive stochastic control problem. Using large deviation limits, this problem is related to a deterministic output feedback differential game. Both problems are solved using appropriate information states. The use of an information state for the game problem is new, and is the principal contribution of our work. Our results have important implications for the nonlinear robust stabilization problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Drug Screening Boosted by Hyperpolarized Long‐Lived States in NMR (2014)

Transverse and longitudinal relaxation times (T1ρ and T1) have been widely exploited in NMR to probe the binding of ligands and putative drugs to target proteins. We have shown recently that long-lived states (LLS) can be more sensitive to ligand binding. LLS can be excited if the ligand comprises at least two coupled spins. Herein we broaden the scope of ligand screening by LLS to arbitrary ligands by covalent attachment of a functional group, which comprises a pair of coupled protons that are isolated from neighboring magnetic nuclei. The resulting functionalized ligands have longitudinal relaxation times T1((1)H) that are sufficiently long to allow the powerful combination of LLS with dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP). Hyperpolarized weak "spy ligands" can be displaced by high-affinity competitors. Hyperpolarized LLS allow one to decrease both protein and ligand concentrations to micromolar levels and to significantly increase sample throughput.
Combining NHC–Cu and Brønsted Base Catalysis: Enantioselective Allylic Substitution/Conjugate Additions with Alkynylaluminum Reagents and Stereospecific Isomerization of the Products to Trisubstituted Allenes (2013)

Vollständig katalytische Route zu trisubstituierten Allenen: Die ersten Beispiele katalytischer enantioselektiver allylischer Substitutionen unter Beteiligung von Alkin-Nucleophilen führen zu Produkten mit tertiären stereogenen Zentren. Die anschließende stereospezifische aminkatalysierte Isomerisierung ergibt trisubstituierte Allene (siehe Bild, NHC=N-heterocyclisches Carben). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analysis of the turn-on process in 6 kV 4H-SiC junction diodes (2004)

The switch-on process in 6 kV 4H-SiC junction diodes has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The results of a detailed computer simulation are compared with the data furnished by the analytical theory. It is demonstrated that, at high current densities exceeding the critical value jcr = eNDvs (e is the elementary charge, ND is the base doping level, and vs is the carrier saturation velocity) and rather short current rise time (1 ns), an extremely fast base modulation can be achieved. In this mode, the base is spanned by an electron front that moves from the n+–n to the p+–n emitter with a velocity vs and by a relatively slow quasi-neutral hole front moving in the opposite direction, from the p+–n to the n+–n junction.
Classification of mitotic figures with convolutional neural networks and seeded blob features (2013)

We demonstrate a powerful technique combining segmentation-based features with CNN, identifying the majority of mitotic figures with a fair precision. Further, we show that the approach accommodates information from the additional focal planes and spectral bands from a multi-spectral scanner without major redesign.
An Introduction to Hyperspectral Image Data Modeling (2012)

Hyperspectral data sets collect light from an object over a large number of narrowly spaced, contiguous wavelengths. The resulting data set associates with each spatial pixel (x, y) an n-dimensional vector (or spectrum) (z 1, …, z n ), where z i is the intensity at wavelength λ i and n is the number of spectral channels (or bands). The large increase in spectral content can be used to develop improved image processing algorithms; however, to fully exploit this information, mathematical models and algorithms are needed that can handle the large amount of data associated with each image. Models should also be able to fully use the highly structured, spatial/spectral nature of the data. In this chapter, we present a general overview of hyperspectral imaging and review a number of existing data models that have been presented to analyze such data.
A Luneburg lens for the THz region (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Various Luneburg-lens geometries are used in the microwaves industry as radar reflectors and omnidirectional antennas. Here, we implement a two-dimensional Luneburg lens for the THz frequency region using a waveguide-based artificial-dielectric technology. The cylindrical device has a parabolic shaped top surface and a flat bottom surface. The substrate material of the lens is ultra-pure Teflon, with the top and bottom surfaces coated with high-conductivity silver paint to form a quasi-parallel-plate waveguide. Our experimental results show that the lens can focus an approximately 2-cm diameter input beam to a spot size of 3.4 mm at the diametrically opposite edge, at an operating frequency of 0.162 THz. This work demonstrates the versatility of this artificial-dielectric technology to design and fabricate inhomogeneous, gradient-index devices for the THz region.
Characterization of proteoglycan 4 and hyaluronan composition and lubrication function of ovine synovial fluid following knee surgery (2013)

The objective of this study was to determine changes in (1) proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) and hyaluronan (HA) concentration, (2) HA molecular weight (MW) distribution, and (3) cartilage boundary lubricating ability of synovial fluid (SF) from surgical sham (SHAM), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)/medial collateral ligament (MCL) transection, and lateral meniscectomy (MEN) in a post-knee surgery ovine model. Ovine SF (oSF) was collected at euthanization 20 weeks after surgery, with the contralateral joint serving as the non-operative control. PRG4 and HA concentration in oSF was measured by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and HA MW distribution by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cartilage boundary lubricating ability of oSF was measured by a cartilage-cartilage friction test. PRG4 and HA concentration in SHAM, ACL/MCL, and MEN oSF were similar in comparison to the contralateral control (CTRL) oSF. The HA MW distribution in the operated oSF for all ranges were similar to the respective CTRL oSF. The kinetic coefficients of friction in operated and CTRL oSF were similar in all groups, and were significantly lower than saline. These results indicate oSF lubricant composition and function at 20 weeks post-knee surgery were similar to contralateral CTRL, and suggest earlier time points post surgery warrant further investigation.
DARE-Web: Domain Analysis in a Web Environment (2000)

DARE-Web is a Web-based environment that supports domain analysis - the activity of identifying and documenting the commonalities and variabilities in related software systems. DARE-Web supports the capture of domain information from experts, documents, and code in a domain.
JSSPP 2018 Keynote (2018)

Ensuring that users in a computation cluster can receive strong guarantees about immediate resource availability is surprisingly hard to do without wasting significant amounts of resources. The Google Flex system gives administrators a way to define resource pools that provide a range of strong, statistically-backed guarantees based on user and job behavior, while also reducing human effort by automation tied into the Borg cluster manager, Colossus distributed file system, and many other services. Flex has been widely adopted at Google, and has produced significant resource savings.
Spectral replacement to mitigate interference for multi-pass synthetic aperture radar (2023)

Various technologies for mitigating interference artifacts in multi-pass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery are described herein. First and second phase histories corresponding to first and second SAR passes over a scene are processed in image and phase-history domains to correct for spatially-variant and constant phase offsets between the phase histories that can be caused by known and unknown variations in motion of a SAR platform between passes. Data samples from one phase history can then be replaced with data samples from the other phase history to remove artifacts and distortions caused by sources of interference in the scene.
Plasmonic Helical Nanoantenna As a Converter between Longitudinal Fields and Circularly Polarized Waves (2021)

A wide variety of optical applications and techniques require control of light polarization. So far, the manipulation of light polarization relies on components capable of interchanging two polarization states of the transverse field of a propagating wave (e.g., linear to circular polarizations, and vice versa). Here, we demonstrate that an individual helical nanoantenna is capable of locally converting longitudinally oriented confined near-fields into a circularly polarized freely propagating wave, and vice versa. To this end, the nanoantenna is coupled to cylindrical surface plasmons bound to the top interface of a thin gold layer. Helices of constant and varying pitch lengths are experimentally investigated. The reciprocal conversion of an incoming circularly wave into diverging cylindrical surface plasmons is demonstrated as well. Interconnecting circularly polarized optical waves (carrying spin angular momentum) and longitudinal near-fields provides a new degree of freedom in light polarization control.
Metalloporphyrin based Biomimetic Catalysts for Materials Synthesis and Biosensing (2010)

With the increase in popularity of enzyme catalysis, there has been a demand for the development of novel biomimetics that can emulate naturally occurring enzymes and serve as surrogate catalysts. Metal containing porphyins have been used as catalysts for mediating a number of chemical transformations. Metalloporphyrins play vital roles in catalyzing important biological transformations. Iron porphyrins in particular are attractive candidates for the synthesis of biomimics due to their biocompatibility, easy availability and the ability to tune their structure and hence catalytic activity through chemical and enzymatic modifications. This chapter discusses recent advances in the use of porphyrins as biomimetic catalysts for polymer syntheses, biosensing and in the removal of toxic waste.