gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping Molecular Agents Distributions in Whole Mice Hearts Using Born-Normalized Optical Projection Tomography (2012)

To date there is a lack of tools to map the spatio-temporal dynamics of diverse cells in experimental heart models. Conventional histology is labor intensive with limited coverage, whereas many imaging techniques do not have sufficiently high enough spatial resolution to map cell distributions. We have designed and built a high resolution, dual channel Born-normalized near-infrared fluorescence optical projection tomography system to quantitatively and spatially resolve molecular agents distribution within whole murine heart. We validated the use of the system in a mouse model of monocytes/macrophages recruitment during myocardial infarction. While acquired, data were processed and reconstructed in real time. Tomographic analysis and visualization of the key inflammatory components were obtained via a mathematical formalism based on left ventricular modeling. We observed extensive monocyte recruitment within and around the infarcted areas and discovered that monocytes were also extensively recruited into non-ischemic myocardium, beyond that of injured tissue, such as the septum.
Surfactant with SP-B and SP-C Analogues Improves Lung Function in Surfactant-Deficient Rats (2002)

The use of mammalian lung surfactant extracts has sharply reduced mortality and morbidity from respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Synthesis of surfactant protein B and C (SP-B and SP-C) analogues may lead the way to a synthetic surfactant preparation. Dimeric SP-B(1-25) (dSP-B(1-25)) is based on the N-terminal domain of human SP-B and SP-Cfc is a modified human SP-C in which a single phenylalanine is substituted for a palmitoylated cysteine residue in the N-terminal segment (Phe-4 > Cys-4 variant). We tested the effects of synthetic surfactants with 1 or 2% dSP-B(1-25) and 1% SP-Cfc on lung function in surfactant-deficient rats. Four experimental surfactant preparations were prepared by mixing 1% dSP-B(1-25), 2% dSP-B(1-25), 1% dSP-B(1-25) +1% SP-Cfc, and 2% dSP-B(1-25) +1% SP-Cfc with phospholipids (PL). PL and Survanta, a bovine lung extract, were controls. Groups of 8 rats were ventilated, lavaged until surfactant deficiency, and treated with 100 mg/kg surfactant. Arterial blood gas values and dynamic compliance were measured every 15 min and after 2 h of ventilation, the rats were killed and pressure-volume curves performed. Oxygenation improved quickly after instillation of surfactant with synthetic peptides and Survanta. Oxygenation and lung volumes were consistently higher in the 2% than in the 1% dSP-B(1-25) groups. Addition of 1% SP-Cfc to the synthetic surfactants further improved oxygenation and lung volume, but to a lesser extent than increasing the dSP-B(1-25) content from 1 to 2%. These data indicate that improvements in oxygenation and lung volume in lavaged rats are dependent on the concentration of dSP-B(1-25) in the surfactant preparation and that the presence of SP-Cfc has a relative minor effect on these parameters.
Functional analysis of the roles of FliQ and FlhB in flagellar expression inHelicobacter pylori (1999)

Expression of the two Helicobacter pylori flagellin proteins FlaA and FlaB is required for full motility and persistent infection of the gastric mucosa. The mechanisms and regulation of the biosynthesis and export of flagella in H. pylori are still poorly understood. Scrutiny of the H. pylori 26695 genome sequence revealed homologues of FliQ and FlhB. The roles of the fliQ and flhB genes in H. pylori were investigated by the construction and characterisation of defined isogenic mutants. The results indicate that these genes are involved in the flagellar expression, adhesion to and colonisation of the gastric mucosa.
<title>One-step conjugation of biomolecules to luminescent nanocrystals</title> (2000)

The development of optical pulses is crucial to the elucidation of complex biological and chemical problems. Existing fluorescent labels tend to photobleach, have low luminescence, and area sensitive to the environment. These problems can be overcome by the use of semiconductor quantum dots. These ZnS-capped CdSe quantum dots are synthesized in an organic media. To use them for biological labeling, the quantum dots are made water-soluble by adsorbing bifunctional molecules onto the surface. This step is crucial for the successful conjugation of biomolecules onto the surface. In this report, a new method for the direct adsorption of biomolecules onto the surface of quantum dots is demonstrated. Biomolecules such as glutathione, mercaptusuccic acid, and histidine are directly conjugated to luminescent quantum dots by S-Zn or N-Zn bonding.
Laboratory Diagnostic Challenges in Case/Control Studies of Diarrhea in Developing Countries (2012)

Case/control studies of acute infectious diarrhea require accurate and dependable laboratory tests to detect pathogens in samples from both symptomatic patients and healthy control subjects. The methods used to detect these pathogens have usually been evaluated on patient samples only, and their performance on samples from control subjects is mostly unknown. Because many pathogens occur at a high overall frequency in developing countries and thus may be present in a notable proportion of control subjects as well as patients, the relative ability of a diagnostic test to detect these pathogens in diarrheic and normal stools can have a profound effect on the interpretation of case/control data.
Russia: A Test for Transatlantic Unity (2016)

The European Union and the United States must continue prioritizing transatlantic unity and coordination in their response to Russia’s assertive foreign policy, a group of scholars from Europe and the United States argue in a new report entitled &lt;em&gt;Russia: A Test for Transatlantic Unity.
Demonstration of dynamic congestion control in optical packet switching network employing rate-adaptive transmitter and receiver (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate dynamic congestion control in an optical packet switching network employing an optical packet counter for traffic flow diagnosis and a rate-adaptive transmitter and receiver to reduce packet loss ratio while preserving the transmission capacity.
Crystallinity and average grain size of films grown by chemical vapor deposition (1995)

Probabilities are utilized to arrive at a relationship that defines the boundary for the monocrystalline region in terms of the partial pressure of the source gas and the deposition temperature. Also derived is a relationship for the average grain size of polycrystalline film. The results are restricted to the complete or near-complete condensation case of nucleation.
Adverse Selection in the Credit Card Market (1999)

Adverse selection is one of the most celebrated phenomena in the economics of information. Yet despite a burgeoning economics and finance literature consisting of literally hundreds of articles exploring the implications of adverse selection in credit markets, there remains little in the way of empirical studies which convincingly document the existence of adverse selection in credit markets as a real-world phenomenon. This paper examines the results of large-scale randomized trials in preapproved credit card solicitations for direct evidence of adverse selection. Four basic conclusions are reached. First, there is clear evidence of adverse selection on observable information: respondents to solicitations are substantially worse credit risks than nonrespondents. Second, comparing the customer pools resulting from different offers, solicitations offering inferior terms (e.g., a higher introductory interest rate, a shorter duration to the introductory offer, or a higher post-introductory interest rate) yield customer pools with worse observable credit-risk characteristics than solicitations offering superior terms. Third, there is also clear evidence of adverse selection on hidden information: even after controlling for all information known by the card issuer at the time the account is opened, customers who accept inferior offers are significantly more likely to default. Fourth, recipients of credit card solicitations appear to overrespond to the introductory interest rate relative to the duration of the introductory offer and to the postintroductory interest rate, consistent with the author&amp;apos;s “underestimation hypothesis ” that consumers may systematically underestimate the extent of their current and future credit card borrowing. Send comments to:
CMT-DeepLab: Clustering Mask Transformers for Panoptic Segmentation (2022)

We propose Clustering Mask Transformer (CMT-DeepLab), a transformer-based framework for panoptic segmentation designed around clustering. It rethinks the existing transformer architectures used in segmentation and detection; CMT-DeepLab considers the object queries as cluster centers, which fill the role of grouping the pixels when applied to segmentation. The clustering is computed with an alternating procedure, by first assigning pixels to the clusters by their feature affinity, and then updating the cluster centers and pixel features. Together, these operations comprise the Clustering Mask Transformer (CMT) layer, which produces cross-attention that is denser and more consistent with the final segmentation task. CMT-DeepLab improves the performance over prior art significantly by 4.4% PQ, achieving a new state-of-the-art of 55.7% PQ on the COCO test-dev set.
Microdisplay-Based Intraoral 3D Scanner for Dentistry (2011)

Up to now, Microdisplays are mainly used in multimedia applications or head-mounted displays. Due to their interesting properties, these displays open more and more alternative application fields, for example, in optical metrology. Projection lenses for this application area have to be specially designed, because the requirements for these systems differ completely from those for multimedia applications. The lenses must have very low geometrical image distortion and they have to be adapted to small objects and/or image distances. On the other hand, they often work with light sources with small spectral bandwidths; consequently they do not need to be corrected for chromatic aberrations. In addition, the numerical aperture (NA) has to be large enough to collect and transfer as much light as possible. Secondary the size of the projection lens has to be as small as possible to ensure compact measurement systems. All these requirements lead to a compromise in optical lens and system design. Within this paper, the development and realization of a 3D-scanner for the registration of dental surfaces directly inside the patient's mouth is presented. The advantages of such an intraoral scanning system are the reduced pain level for the patient and the absence of extensive intermediate steps. The production of prosthesis can be performed directly after measurement. Thus a quality improvement can be obtained as well as a reduction of the efforts in time and costs.
Positron Lifetime in C<sub>60</sub>/C<sub>70</sub> Powder (1992)

Positron lifetime spectra have been measured in C 60 /C 70 and graphite powders at room temperature. It has been found that the spectrum for C 60 /C 70 has only one component of lifetime 393 ps, whereas that for graphite has three components of lifetimes 237 ps, 455 ps, and 88 ns. The single component in C 60 /C 70 does not originate from positronium. Considering its lifetime, the positron's ground state in C 60 /C 70 is supposed to be localized in the periodic free space of the C 60 /C 70 crystal structure.
Surfactant and irrigation effects on wettable soils: runoff, erosion, and water retention responses (2010)

Abstract Surfactants are chemical compounds that can change the contact angle of a water drop on solid surfaces and are commonly used to increase infiltration into water repellent soil. Since production fields with water repellent soil often contain areas of wettable soil, surfactants applied to such fields worldwide will likely be applied to wettable soil, with unknown consequences for irrigation‐induced erosion, runoff, or soil water relations. We evaluated surfactant and simulated sprinkler irrigation effects on these responses for three wettable, Pacific Northwest soils, Latahco and Rad silt loams, and Quincy sand. Along with an untreated control, we studied three surfactants: an alkyl polyglycoside (APG) in solution at a concentration of 18 g active ingredient (AI) kg −1 , a block copolymer at 26 g kg −1 , and a blend of the two at 43 g kg −1 . From 2005 to 2009 in the laboratory, each surfactant was sprayed at a rate of 46·8 l ha −1 onto each soil packed by tamping into 1·2‐ by 1·5‐m steel boxes. Thereafter, each treated soil was irrigated twice at 88 mm h −1 with surfactant‐free well water. After each irrigation, runoff and sediment loss were measured and soil samples were collected. While measured properties differed among soils and irrigations, surfactants had no effect on runoff, sediment loss, splash loss, or tension infiltration, compared to the control. Across all soils, however, the APG increased volumetric water contents by about 3% (significant at p ≤0·08) at matric potentials from 0 to − 20 kPa compared to the control. With a decrease in the liquid–solid contact angle on treated soil surfaces, surfactant‐free water appeared able to enter, and be retained in pores with diameters ≥ 15 µm. All told, surfactants applied at economic rates to these wettable Pacific Northwest soils posed little risk of increasing either runoff or erosion or harming soil water relations. Moreover, by increasing water retention at high potentials, surfactants applied to wettable soils may allow water containing pesticides or other agricultural chemicals to better penetrate soil pores, thereby increasing the efficacy of the co‐applied materials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures in GaP (2018)

Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) in GaP with high and low spatial frequencies were systematically investigated. We fabricated these structures using a fs laser as a feasible alternative method to realize nonlinear photonic metasurfaces.
Effect of anti-retroviral therapy on oxidative stress in hospitalized HIV-infected adults with and without TB (2018)

We identified severe OS among HIV-patients. ART was associated with both increased and reduced markers of OS hence suggesting that ART may not attenuate OS.
Transparent distribution of real-time components based on logical execution time (2005)

This paper introduces the notion of transparent distribution of real time software components. Transparent distribution means that (1) the functional and temporal behavior of a system is the same no matter where a component is executed, (2) the developer does not have to care about the differences of local versus distributed execution of components, and (3) the components can be developed independently. We present the design and implementation of a component model for real time systems that is well suited for transparent distribution. The component model is based on logical execution time, which abstracts from physical execution time and thereby from both the execution platform and the communication topology.
Mobilized CD34+ cells selected as autografts in patients with primary light‐chain amyloidosis: rationale and application (1998)

Patients with AL often have contamination with clonotypic cells in their blood autografts. G-CSF mobilization and LVL provide components that allow the selection of adequate doses of CD34+ cells. The use of CD34+ cells in patients with AL achieves rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery but delayed lymphocyte recovery. CD34+ cell selection is feasible in the treatment of AL, but its effectiveness in purging clonotypic cells remains to be ascertained.
Mutation of an mutL Homologue in a Navajo Family With Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (1994)

Journal Article Mutation of an mutL Homologue in a Navajo Family With Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Get access Henry T. Lynch, Henry T. Lynch Department of Preventive Medicine, Creighton University School of MedicineOmaha, Neb. Correspondence to : Henry T. Lynch, M.D., Department of Preventive Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 Califormia Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Drouhard, Thomas Drouhard Tuba City Indian Medical CenterTuba City, Ariz. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephen Lanspa, Stephen Lanspa Department of Gastroenterology, Creighton University School of MedicineOmaha, Neb. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Smyrk, Thomas Smyrk Department of Pathology, Clarkson HospitalOmaha Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patrick Lynch, Patrick Lynch Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jane Lynch, Jane Lynch Department of Preventive Medicine, Creighton University School of MedicineOmaha, Neb. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bert Vogelstein, Bert Vogelstein The Johns Hopkins Oncology CenterBaltimore, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Minna Nyströ-Lathi, Minna Nyströ-Lathi Departmentof Medical Genetics, University of HelsinkiFinland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Sistonen, P. Sistonen Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki; and Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion ServiceHelsinki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Päivi Peltomäki, Päivi Peltomäki Departmentof Medical Genetics, University of HelsinkiFinland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ... Show more Albert de la Chapelle Albert de la Chapelle Departmentof Medical Genetics, University of HelsinkiFinland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 18, 21 September 1994, Pages 1417–1419, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.18.1417 Published: 21 September 1994 Article history Received: 28 April 1994 Revision received: 15 June 1994 Accepted: 24 June 1994 Published: 21 September 1994
Maternal anxiety and ultrasound markers for aneuploidy in a multiethnic population (2006)

The detection and communication of isolated aneuploidy markers is associated with increased maternal anxiety and unnecessary amniocentesis.
Increasing Cyber Resilience via Predictability-Based Defense. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Performance of algorithms that reconstruct missing transverse momentum in $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 8 TeV proton–proton collisions in the ATLAS detector (2017)

The reconstruction and calibration algorithms used to calculate missing transverse momentum ([Formula: see text] ) with the ATLAS detector exploit energy deposits in the calorimeter and tracks reconstructed in the inner detector as well as the muon spectrometer. Various strategies are used to suppress effects arising from additional proton-proton interactions, called pileup, concurrent with the hard-scatter processes. Tracking information is used to distinguish contributions from the pileup interactions using their vertex separation along the beam axis. The performance of the [Formula: see text] reconstruction algorithms, especially with respect to the amount of pileup, is evaluated using data collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 [Formula: see text] during 2012, and results are shown for a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text]. The simulation and modelling of [Formula: see text] in events containing a <i>Z</i> boson decaying to two charged leptons (electrons or muons) or a <i>W</i> boson decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino are compared to data. The acceptance for different event topologies, with and without high transverse momentum neutrinos, is shown for a range of threshold criteria for [Formula: see text] , and estimates of the systematic uncertainties in the [Formula: see text] measurements are presented.
Tuning the Release of Anticancer Drugs from Magnetic Iron Oxide/Mesoporous Silica Core/Shell Nanoparticles (2011)

Abstract A series of core/shell, iron oxide nanoparticle embedded magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticle materials with radial (MMSN‐r) and hexagonal (MMSN‐h) porous structures are synthesized and their capacity to load and release the anticancer drugs, 9‐aminoacridine (9AA) and camptothecin (CPT) are investigated. Although effective release of 9AA is observed for nonfunctionalized MMSN, its release from the phenylethyl‐functionalized hexagonal MMSN material (Ph‐MMSN‐h) was hindered. Conversely, the loading and release of CPT is promoted by the presence of the phenylethyl functionality inside the mesopores of MMSN, whereas very low release of CPT was observed from nonfunctionalized MMSN material. Controlled‐release properties of the drug‐loaded magnetic materials were confirmed by viability studies on Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells, which revealed efficient cytotoxic activity of CPT‐loaded Ph‐MMSN‐h and 9AA‐loaded MMSN‐h materials. In addition, it was demonstrated that applying an external magnetic field to induce agitation of the drug leaded materials promoted the release of anticancer drugs from the magnetic materials. It is envisioned that the MMSN materials could be effectively applied for externally controlled, selective drug delivery to tumor tissues.
The NS1 Protein of the 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus Blocks Host Interferon and Lipid Metabolism Pathways (2009)

The "Spanish influenza" of 1918 claimed an unprecedented number of lives, yet the determinants of virulence for this virus are still not fully understood. Here, we used functional genomics and an in vitro human lung epithelial cell infection model to define the global host transcriptional response to the eight-gene 1918 virus. To better understand the role of the 1918 virus NS1 gene, we also evaluated the host response to a reassortant 1918 virus containing the NS1 gene from A/Texas/36/91 (a seasonal isolate of human influenza virus), as well as the host response to a reassortant of A/Texas/36/91 containing the 1918 NS1 gene. Genomic analyses revealed that the 1918 virus blocked the transcription of multiple interferon-stimulated genes and also downregulated a network of genes associated with lipid metabolism. In contrast, the expression of genes encoding chemokines and cytokines, which serve to attract infiltrating immune cells, was upregulated. Viruses containing the NS1 gene from A/Texas/36/91 induced a significant increase in type I interferon signaling but did not repress lipid metabolism. The 1918 NS1 gene may therefore have contributed to the virulence of the 1918 pandemic virus by disrupting the innate immune response, inducing hypercytokinemia, and by blocking the transcription of certain lipid-based proinflammatory mediators that function as part of the host antiviral response.