gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Two-Year Results with a Modular Interbody Device (2014)

The use of a modular interbody device for ALIF resulted in a high rate of radiographic fusion and a low rate of subsidence. The large endplate and modular design of the device may contribute to a low rate of subsidence as well as maintenance of ILA and lordosis. Previously reported quantitative radiographic outcome measures were found to be more reliable than qualitative or categorical measures.
The ASM Journals Committee Values the Contributions of Black Microbiologists (2020)

Author(s): Schloss, Patrick D; Junior, Melissa; Alvania, Rebecca; Arias, Cesar A; Baumler, Andreas; Casadevall, Arturo; Detweiler, Corrella; Drake, Harold; Gilbert, Jack; Imperiale, Michael J; Lovett, Susan; Maloy, Stanley; McAdam, Alexander J; Newton, Irene LG; Sadowsky, Michael J; Sandri-Goldin, Rozanne M; Silhavy, Thomas J; Tontonoz, Peter; Young, Jo-Anne H; Cameron, Craig E; Cann, Isaac; Fuller, A Oveta; Kozik, Ariangela J
Correlations between the conformations elucidated by CD spectroscopy and the antigenic properties of four peptides of the foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (1991)

The conformational features of four related antigenic peptides (A, B, C and USA) from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) (VP1; 141-160 of serotype A, subtype 12), assessed by CD, were found to correlate with the serological properties of these peptides. The CD spectra of the four peptides, obtained under cryogenic and solvent titration conditions, were consistent with three conformational components (a left-handed extended helix, an alpha-helix and a 3(10) helix) for peptides A and C and four components (a beta-turn of type II, an alpha-helix, a gamma-turn and a 3(10) helix) for peptides B and USA. The amino acid substitutions at positions 148 and 153, which distinguish the peptides, are therefore responsible for both their conformational and antigenic differences.
Abstract 699: Optimized dosing strategies resulting in prolonged pathway inhibition enhance dinaciclib anti-tumor activity in preclinical xenograft models. (2013)

Abstract Dinaciclib is a novel CDK1, 2, 5, and 9 inhibitor currently in clinical development for CLL. Preclinical studies indicate that dinaciclib may have activity in a wide variety of indications including hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Clinically, dinaciclib is administered by 2 hour intravenous (iv) infusion and achieves plasma concentrations above 100nM for ∼6 hours; a concentration and duration of treatment which in vitro provides complete target engagement and induces apoptosis. Pre-clinically, dinaciclib is administered by intraperitoneal (ip) bolus injections and achieves plasma concentrations above 100nM for less than 2 hours. To determine whether prolonged plasma concentrations would enhance dinaciclib activity, we administered dinaciclib to COLO-320DM tumor bearing mice either as a 40 mg/kg single dose, or as two doses of 20 mg/kg separated by 2 hours. This 20-20 split dosing resulted in prolonged target engagement, phospho-RNA-Polymerase-2 reduction, decreased MCL-1, and increased apoptosis relative to the 40mg/kg single dose. Comparing the in vivo anti-tumor activity of dinaciclib dosed at 40 mg/kg ip every 4 days (q4d) vs. 20 mg/kg bid separated by 2 hours q4d demonstrated that the 20-20 split dose increased the anti-tumor activity of dinaciclib (25% Tumor Growth Inhibition (TGI) versus 66% TGI). Dinaciclib single vs. split dosing was further evaluated in 8 lung cancer xenograft models, 5 of which were insensitive to dinaciclib single dose (TGI &amp;gt;50%) and 3 of which were sensitive. 20-20 split dosing resulted in increased anti-tumor activity in all models tested. Split dosing resulted in &amp;lt;50% TGI in 4 of 5 insensitive models. Split dosing also increased anti-tumor activities in all 3 sensitive models tested resulting in stasis in 2 models, and sustained complete regressions in one lung cancer xenograft model. Body weight measurements revealed that split dosing increased body weight loss indicating that prolonged pathway inhibition can affect both anti-tumor activity and tolerability. Taken together, these data suggest that dinaciclib dosing paradigms that prolong pathway inhibition enhanced anti-tumor activity in pre-clinical xenograft models. Citation Format: Alwin Schuller, Robert Booher, Louise Cadzow, Minilik Angagaw, Lauren Harmonay, Xianlu Qu, Nathan Miselis, Vincenzo Pucci, Mark Ayers, Thorsten Graef, Ellie Im, Rebecca Blanchard, Brian Long, Leigh Zawel, peter strack. Optimized dosing strategies resulting in prolonged pathway inhibition enhance dinaciclib anti-tumor activity in preclinical xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 699. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-699
Strain‐Induced Double Carbon–Carbon Bond Activations of Cycloparaphenylenes by a Platinum Complex: Application to the Synthesis of Cyclic Diketones (2018)

Abstract The carbon–carbon (C−C) bond activation of [ n ]cycloparaphenylenes ([ n ]CPPs) by a transition‐metal complex is herein reported. The Pt 0 complex Pt(PPh 3 ) 4 regioselectively cleaves two C−C σ bonds of [5] CPP and [6]CPP to give cyclic dinuclear platinum complexes in high yields. Theoretical calculations reveal that the relief of ring strain drives the reaction. The cyclic complex was further transformed into a cyclic diketone by using a CO insertion reaction.
New 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium alkaloids (phloeodictynes) from the New Caledonian shallow-water haplosclerid sponge Oceanapia fistulosa. Structural elucidation from mainly LC-tandem-MS-soft-ionization techniques and discovery of antiplasmodial activity (2004)

We report here on new 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium alkaloids, belonging to the phloeodictyne family, isolated from the haplosclerid sponge Oceanapia[=Phloeodictyon]fistulosa(Bowerbank, 1873) from New Caledonian shallow waters. Online LC-ESI-MS analysis, coupled to tandem fragmentation experiments on the crude alkaloid mixture, allowed us to clarify their flat structures, including structural isomers. At least 25 different components, of which 17 are new members with variable terminus and length chains, were characterised, besides less abundant analogues bearing a thioethylguanidine side chain. Crude mixtures and HPLC enriched fractions proved active against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, with IC(50) values ranging from 0.6 to 6 microM, while cytotoxicity against human A-549 cell line was low. This makes these alkaloids a good prospect as leads for novel antimalarial agents.
Diagnosis and treatment of dementia: 3. Mild cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment without dementia (2008)

Physicians will increasingly see elderly patients with mild memory loss, and learning an approach to diagnosing states such as mild cognitive impairment is now warranted. Close monitoring for progression to dementia, promotion of a healthy lifestyle and treatment of vascular risk factors are recommended for the management of patients with mild cognitive impairment.
Multi-objective optimisation of a bidirectional single-phase grid connected AC/DC converter (PFC) with two different modulation principles (2017)

A design methodology is presented for a full-bridge Power Factor Corrector (PFC) converter with two control schemes: the well-known Continuous Current Mode (C.C.M) and Triangular Current Mode (T.C.M). The second one is an extension of the Discontinuous Current Mode (D.C.M). The converter is composed of one high frequency leg and one leg switching at the grid frequency and includes the EMC (common and differential mode) filter. This work highlights the impact of the modulation scheme on the design of passive components and on the overall losses. A pareto front in the efficiency (η) vs power density (ρ) domain is derived for both modulation schemes and for natural convection cooling. We show that, when EMC issues are considered, the T.C.M poses more constraints for partial load operation, superseding the full-load design. Finally, it is shown that for non-interleaved converters C.C.M modulation is better than T.C.M modulation, resulting in higher density converters.
Gleason Scoring at a Comprehensive Cancer Center: What’s The Difference? (2013)

This study attempted to determine whether the Gleason score (GS) assigned at a comprehensive cancer center better predicts risk of biochemical failure (BF) after prostate radiotherapy compared with the GS of the referring institution (RI). Between 1994 and 2007, 1649 men received radiotherapy for prostate cancer at Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC). The Cox proportional hazard regression was used for inferences about the relationship of time to BF and GS. Harrell's C-index (HCI) was used to assess concordance in the Cox regression between predicted and observed events. The discordance rate was 26% for any change in either major or minor Gleason pattern. In the RI GS 2 through 6 group, 79 (8%) patients were upgraded to GS 7. Twenty percent of patients with RI GS 7 were downgraded and 2% were upgraded. In the RI GS 8 through 9 group, 58% were downgraded to GS 6 (12%) or GS 7 (88%). The FCCC GS altered the NCCN risk group assignment in 144 men (9%): 92 (64%) men to lower risk and 52 (36%) to higher risk. FCCC GS was a stronger predictor of BF; the hazard ratios for GS 2 through 6 (ref), 3+4, 4+3, and 8 through 9 were 1.00 (ref), 1.82, 4.14, and 2.92, respectively. In contrast, the hazard ratios for the RI GS were 1.00 (ref), 1.53, 2.44, and 1.76, respectively. FCCC GS (HCI=0.76) had improved performance compared with RI GS (HCI=0.74). Changes in GS were common and the GS assigned by a comprehensive cancer center provided better BF risk stratification and prognostication for patients. Changes in GS may impact treatment recommendations in 9% to 26% of patients.
B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD 86) Expression in Human Tubular Epithelial Cells in vivo and in vitro<footref rid="foot01"><sup>1</sup></footref> (2002)

This study clearly shows that B7-1 and B7-2 can be induced on PTEC in vivo and in vitro. After B7-1 and B7-2 induction, PTEC costimulate CD28 on T lymphocytes resulting in cytokine production. This might be of relevance in allograft rejection and in various kidney diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acetylene‐Terminated α,ω‐Bisphenoxyalkanes. (1989)

ChemInformVolume 20, Issue 18 Isocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acetylene-Terminated α,ω-Bisphenoxyalkanes. S. A. BABIRAD, S. A. BABIRAD Dep. Chem., Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH 45435, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. A. FELD, W. A. FELD Dep. Chem., Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH 45435, USASearch for more papers by this author S. A. BABIRAD, S. A. BABIRAD Dep. Chem., Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH 45435, USASearch for more papers by this authorW. A. FELD, W. A. FELD Dep. Chem., Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH 45435, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: May 2, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198918157Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume20, Issue18May 2, 1989 RelatedInformation
Stable Frank–Kasper phases of self-assembled, soft matter spheres (2018)

Single molecular species can self-assemble into Frank-Kasper (FK) phases, finite approximants of dodecagonal quasicrystals, defying intuitive notions that thermodynamic ground states are maximally symmetric. FK phases are speculated to emerge as the minimal-distortional packings of space-filling spherical domains, but a precise measure of this distortion and how it affects assembly thermodynamics remains ambiguous. We use two complementary approaches to demonstrate that the principles driving FK lattice formation in diblock copolymers emerge directly from the strong-stretching theory of spherical domains, in which a minimal interblock area competes with a minimal stretching of space-filling chains. The relative stability of FK lattices is studied first using a diblock foam model with unconstrained particle volumes and shapes, which correctly predicts not only the equilibrium σ lattice but also the unequal volumes of the equilibrium domains. We then provide a molecular interpretation for these results via self-consistent field theory, illuminating how molecular stiffness increases the sensitivity of the intradomain chain configurations and the asymmetry of local domain packing. These findings shed light on the role of volume exchange on the formation of distinct FK phases in copolymers and suggest a paradigm for formation of FK phases in soft matter systems in which unequal domain volumes are selected by the thermodynamic competition between distinct measures of shape asymmetry.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE REACTION OF LITHIUM ATOMS WITH LEWIS BASES IN ARGON MATRICES‐ FORMATION OF REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES. 1. WATER AND AMMONIA (1978)

Abstract Die Reaktionen von Li mit H 2 O und NH 3 im molekularen Maßstab über gemeinsame Abscheidung mit überschüssigem Ar bei N 15 K führen, wie ESR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen zeigen, zur Bildung stabiler molekularer Komplexe der Zusammensetzung Li‐H2O, Li‐(H2O)2 und Li‐NH 3 .
Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) on Cryopreservation of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells (pMSCs) (2011)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a commonly used cryoprotectant in cryopreservation procedures, is detrimental to viability of cells. In this view point, a comparative study was carried out to evaluate the effect of DMSO on porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs). We compared the viability, colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay, expression of Bak and Bcl2 genes, Bcl2 protein antigen, and CD90 in pMSCs cryopreserved with 5%, 10%, and 20% DMSO. pMSCs isolated from bone marrow were characterized by alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of transcription factors, such as Oct 3/4, Nanog, and Sox2. The cells were then cryopreserved by cooling at a rate of -1°C/min in a programmable freezer and stored in liquid nitrogen. The results of survival of pMSCs cryopreserved at 5% DMSO were comparable to control group (fresh pMSCs). The survival and the number of colonies formed in cryopreserved pMSCs were inversely proportional to the concentration of DMSO. The number of colonies formed in pMSCs cryopreserved with all concentrations of DMSO was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the control group. An increased tendency for Bak and Bcl2 gene expression was noticed in cryopreserved pMSCs at 3 h postthawing compared to control group. There was a close resemblance in higher level of expression of CD90 between control and cryopreserved pMSCs. Because there was no considerable difference in the results of pMSCs cryopreserved at 5% and 10% DMSO, this study strongly suggests the use of 5% DMSO in cryopreservation of pMSCs as an alternative to conventional 10% DMSO.
Crystalline Sponges as a Sensitive and Fast Method for Metabolite Identification: Application to Gemfibrozil and its Phase I and II Metabolites (2020)

Understanding the metabolism of new drug candidates is important during drug discovery and development, as circulating metabolites may contribute to efficacy or cause safety issues. In the early phase of drug discovery, human in vitro systems are used to investigate human relevant metabolism. Though conventional techniques are limited in their ability to provide complete molecular structures of metabolites (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry) or require a larger amount of material not available from in vitro incubation (nuclear magnetic resonance), we here report for the first time the use of the crystalline sponge method to identify phase I and phase II metabolites generated from in vitro liver microsomes or S9 fractions. Gemfibrozil was used as a test compound. Metabolites generated from incubation with microsomes or S9 fractions, were fractionated using online fraction collection. After chromatographic purification and fractionation of the generated metabolites, single crystal X-ray diffraction of crystalline sponges was used to identify the structure of gemfibrozil metabolites. This technique allowed for complete structure elucidation of 5'-CH<sub>2</sub>OH gemfibrozil (M1), 4'-OH gemfibrozil (M2), 5'-COOH gemfibrozil (M3), and the acyl glucuronide of gemfibrozil, 1-O-<i>β</i>-glucuronide (M4), the first acyl glucuronide available in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. Our study shows that when optimal soaking is possible, crystalline sponges technology is a sensitive (nanogram amount) and fast (few days) method that can be applied early in drug discovery to identify the structure of pure metabolites from in vitro incubations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Complete structure elucidation of human metabolites plays a critical role in early drug discovery. Low amounts of material (nanogram) are only available at this stage and insufficient for nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The crystalline sponge method has the potential to close this gap, as demonstrated in this study.
The Collagenous Architecture of Articular Cartilage (1979)

The localization and directional orientation of collagen fibers in articular cartilage is demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy. Vertical sections of articular cartilage show different directional orientations of collagen fibers through all zones of cartilage depending upon whether the sections are parallel or perpendicular to the cleft pattern produced when the surface of articular cartilage is pierced with a round pointed awl. Sections parallel to the cleft axis show a significant population of oblique collagen fibers which are not seen in sections perpendicular to the clefts. These oblique fiber groups show a progression from nearly radial to nearly tangential orientation from deep to more superficial zones, with the most abrupt directional change seen through the transitional zone. Within the transitional zone there is a narrow band having no vertical or horizontal collagen fibers and in which collagen fibers intersect predominantly at angles ranging between 45 and 135 degrees. The number of chondrocyte lacunae per unit area is greater in sections parallel to the cleft axis compared to perpendicular sections by a factor of approximately 1.6:1. There is therefore a greater relative number of chondrocytes in the plane of section having the greatest abundance of oblique collagen fibers, suggesting a cellular basis for the collagenous architecture observed. The results are consistent with published biophysical data relating tensile and swelling properties of all zones of articular cartilage to the cleft axis.
Sanguinarine sensitizes human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via down-regulation of AKT and activation of caspase-3. (2009)

Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, derived from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and other poppy Fumaria species, which is known to have antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known to induce apoptosis in cancer cells but spare most normal cells. However, its effects are limited in some types of cancer cells, including AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. In the present study, we showed that treatment with TRAIL in combination with subtoxic concentrations of sanguinarine sensitized TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in AGS cells. Combined treatment with sanguinarine and TRAIL effectively induced Bid cleavage and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the activation of caspases, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and beta-catenin. The cytotoxic effects of the combined treatment were significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor, which demonstrates the important role of caspase-3 in the observed cytotoxic effect. In addition, the levels of Akt protein were markedly reduced in cells co-treated with sanguinarine and TRAIL. Apoptosis induced by the combined treatment was markedly increased by the phosphatidylinositol-3'-kinase inhibitor, LY294002 (Akt-upstream inhibitor), through the mitochondrial amplification step and caspase activation, suggesting that interactions of the synergistic effect were at least partially mediated through the Akt-dependent pathway.
Droplet sizing in fuel injections by stimulated Raman scattering (1990)

It is often difficult to distinguish between morphology-dependent resonance and Raman intensity features in nonlinear Raman spectra of organic fuel droplets. In theory the morphology-dependent resonances can be deconvoluted from single-shot spectra, but in practice this is difficult because of shot-to-shot parameter variation. Frequency-analysis methods have been applied to spectra obtained from fuel sprays, and correlation analysis is found to be quick and easily interpreted.
Microstructural characterization of Delaminated 2D Cobaltites (2016)

The lamellar cobaltites Na x CoO 2 have awakened the interest of scientific community because of their superconductive phases [1], thermoelectric [2] and photocatalytic properties [3], and their possible use as cathodes in sodium batteries [4]. Their basic structure can be described on the basis of infinite [CoO 6 ] octahedral edge‐sharing layers with Na cations at the interlayer space. Depending on the Na content different polymorphs have been described [5]. The synthesis of these species at the nanoscale could be a key factor for their technological exploitation. Furthermore, recent researches have proved that the inclusion of certain transition metals as dopants in the original structure could improve some of these properties [6]. Here we present an electron microscopy study of delaminated 2D cobaltites in the Na y Co 1‐x M x O 2 , (M = Mn, Ni, Cu) system obtained through a new synthesis strategy based on a co‐precipitation reaction in a basic medium. After purification by centrifugation, a soft thermal treatment is performed before a selective sedimentation process in order to select the smallest flakes. Transmission electron microscopy proves the success of the delamination process. Low magnification TEM (figure 1a) shows the presence of two remarkable features: i) an apparently very thin matrix and ii) elongated particles in between 5 and 30 nm. The corresponding HREM (figure 1b) study reveals that both matrix and particles are crystalline with periodicities that can be interpreted in terms of [001] and [100] projections of the monoclinic cell of Na 0.6 CoO 2 [5]. To get information about the atoms distribution and oxidation states a study in a probe aberration corrected microscope JEOL JEM ARM200 cFEG has been performed. Preliminary HAADF and ABF (figure 2) studies evidenced a lamellar structure similar to the Na 0.6 CoO 2 with the alkali metal interlaying the Co 1‐x M x O 2 sheets. EELS study confirms the presence of all Na, Co, Ni and O (figure 2c) suggesting an intermediate oxidation state of cobalt cations between 3 and 4 in good agreement with the sodium content stablished by ICP.