gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiferromagnetic structure ofFePt3films studied by neutron scattering (2001)

The magnetism of antiferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}{\mathrm{Pt}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ thin films $(x=0.27$ and 0.30) epitaxially grown onto MgO (110) and a-axis sapphire $(\ensuremath{\alpha}{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ substrates has been studied by elastic neutron and x-ray scattering. Bulk chemically ordered ${\mathrm{FePt}}_{3}$ exhibits an antiferromagnetic spin structure with a wave vector ${Q}_{1}=2\ensuremath{\pi}/a(\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{2}0)$ below ${T}_{N1}\ensuremath{\sim}160\mathrm{K}.$ For slightly Fe-rich alloys $(x\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.26)$ a spin-reorientation transition to a second antiferromagnetic phase with a wave vector ${Q}_{2}=2\ensuremath{\pi}/a(\frac{1}{2}00)$ occurs below ${T}_{N2}\ensuremath{\sim}100\mathrm{K}$ at the expense of ${Q}_{1}.$ For increased Fe content $(x\ensuremath{\sim}0.30)$ the ${Q}_{1}$ phase is strongly suppressed with a dominant ${Q}_{2}$ phase. For (111)-oriented films grown on a-axis sapphire the spin structure is the same as that found in the bulk. The $x=0.27$ film exhibits transitions at ${T}_{N1}$ and ${T}_{N2}.$ The film with $x=0.30$ exhibits an almost completely suppressed ${Q}_{1}$ phase and a dominant ${Q}_{2}$ phase with an enhanced ordering temperature of ${T}_{N2}\ensuremath{\sim}140\mathrm{K}.$ In contrast ${\mathrm{FePt}}_{3}$ (110) films grown onto MgO (110) exhibit only the ${Q}_{1}$ phase for both compositions $x=0.27$ and $x=0.30$ with the onset of the ${Q}_{2}$ phase suppressed. The distinct behavior of the films grown onto MgO from those grown onto a-axis sapphire and bulk ${\mathrm{FePt}}_{3}$ may be explained by higher strain and defect densities incorporated in the films grown onto MgO.
Session overview and AzTEC instrument performance (2007)

AzTEC is a new 144 element bolometer receiver destined as a first-generation instrument for the Large Millimeter Telescope. &gt;From November 2005 and through January 2006, AzTEC made science observations at the 15m James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). Approximately 1/2 of the available time was spent mapping the submillimeter galaxy population in blank and biased fields. Overall, over 1 square degree of sky was mapped with uniform coverage in each of five primary fields making this the largest set of surveys of the submillimeter galaxy population ever performed. Hundreds of new submillimeter galaxies have been detected. Here we discuss the instrument, our mapping technique, and a brief summary of the data reduction process. We conclude with a brief summary of the overall impact of these surveys on our understanding of the submillimeter galaxy population.
Diameter Mobile IPv6: Support for Home Agent to Diameter Server Interaction (2010)

Mobile IPv6 deployments may want to bootstrap their operations dynamically based on an interaction between the home agent and the Diameter server of the Mobile Service Provider. This document specifies the interaction between a Mobile IP home agent and a Diameter server. This document defines the home agent to the Diameter server communication when the mobile node authenticates using the Internet Key Exchange v2 protocol with the Extensible Authentication Protocol or using the Mobile IPv6 Authentication Protocol. In addition to authentication and authorization, the configuration of Mobile IPv6specific parameters and accounting is specified in this document.
Lower and Upper Bounds for Distributed Packing and Covering (2004)

We make a step towards understanding the distributed complexity of global optimization problems.We give bounds on the trade-off between locality and achievable approximation ratio of distributed algorithms for packing and covering problems.We show that in k communication rounds, maximum matching and therefore packing problems cannot be approximated better than (n c/k 2 /k) and ( 1/k /k) where c is a small constant and n and denote the number of nodes and the maximum degree of the network graph, respectively.This means that ( log n/ log log n) and (log / log log ) rounds are needed to obtain a constant or polylogarithmic approximation.On the positive side, we prove that maximum matching and minimum vertex cover (the dual problem) can be approximated by O( 1/k ) in O(k) rounds, showing that the given lower bound is almost tight.We also give a distributed algorithm which approximates any packing or covering LP by O(n 1/k ) in O(k) rounds.
A Perceptual Quality Metric for Block-based Image/Video Coding Applications (2009)

In this paper, an objective quality metric is proposed in order to assess the perceived quality of image and video compressed by block-based coding scheme. While traditional metrics, such as PSNR or MSE, treat the loss of data as the degradation of quality, we measure the quantity of perceived artifacts such as blurring and blocking artifact. Subjective experiments are performed to justify the validity of the proposed metric. The experimental results show that the proposed metric is highly correlated with human subjective ratings.
Comments on the use of boiler efficiencies to determine unit heat rate (1990)

The expression for boiler efficiency defined in ASME PTC4.1 was developed for evaluating boiler performance, carrying out acceptance tests on boilers and computing the effects of changes in parameters such as fuel characteristics on boiler performance. While satisfactory for applications such as these, this particular definition of boiler efficiency can result in substantial errors when used for computing unit performance. Sample calculations are presented for a 600 MW coal fired unit which show errors in net unit heat rate of 1 to 3 percent due to inconsistent definitions for boiler efficiency.
Low-Density Reference Fingerprinting SNP Dataset of CIMMYT Maize Lines for Quality Control and Genetic Diversity Analyses (2022)

CIMMYT maize lines (CMLs), which represent the tropical maize germplasm, are freely available worldwide. All currently released 615 CMLs and fourteen temperate maize inbred lines were genotyped with 180 kompetitive allele-specific PCR single nucleotide polymorphisms to develop a reference fingerprinting SNP dataset that can be used to perform quality control (QC) and genetic diversity analyses. The QC analysis identified 25 CMLs with purity, identity, or mislabeling issues. Further field observation, purification, and re-genotyping of these CMLs are required. The reference fingerprinting SNP dataset was developed for all of the currently released CMLs with 152 high-quality SNPs. The results of principal component analysis and average genetic distances between subgroups showed a clear genetic divergence between temperate and tropical maize, whereas the three tropical subgroups partially overlapped with one another. More than 99% of the pairs of CMLs had genetic distances greater than 0.30, showing their high genetic diversity, and most CMLs are distantly related. The heterotic patterns, estimated with the molecular markers, are consistent with those estimated using pedigree information in two major maize breeding programs at CIMMYT. These research findings are helpful for ensuring the regeneration and distribution of the true CMLs, via QC analysis, and for facilitating the effective utilization of the CMLs, globally.
Virtual enterprises-building blocks for dynamic e-business (2002)

Dynamic e-business, as envisioned by several industry analysts and corporate leaders, involves the rapid teaming of companies with both familiar and new business partners in pursuit of specific market opportunities. For realizing this new generation business model, the ability to form, operate, and disband virtual enterprises will be the single-most important requirement. These short-lived, opportunity-based organizations leverage the individual capabilities of several member companies to form virtual enterprises that have resources equivalent to a traditional vertically integrated corporation. Before successfully applying this business model, however, several issues need to be resolved, such as building trust and a collaborative attitude amongst member companies, developing the e-commerce infrastructure for handling engineered-to-order products and services, building optimal coalitions for the job, etc. This paper discusses our experiences in developing a web-based infrastructure for creating, operating, and eventually dissolving virtual enterprises. The primary operators of this infrastructure will be market makers offering custom products and services in various industries as well as corporations involved in bringing new products to the market.
Invited Review The Solvent-Like Nature of Silica Particles in Organic Solvents (2001)

Summary. Kamlet-Taft’s (hydrogen bond donor acidity) and (dipolarity/polarizability) values of various silica batches measured in various solvents are presented. The and parameters for the various solid acids are analyzed by means of Fe(phen)2(CN)2 (cis-dicyano-bis-(1,10)-phenanthrolineiron(II), 1), Michler’s ketone (4,4 0 -bis-(dimethylamino)-benzophenone, 2), and two hydrophilic derivatives of 2, (4-(dimethylamino)-4 0 -(di-2-hydroxyethyl)-amino-benzophenone (3a) and 4,4 0 -bis(di-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino)-benzophenone (3b) as well as coumarin 153 (4) as solvatochromic surface polarity indicators. Apparent (hydrogen bond acceptor basicity) parameters for bare silica have been evaluated by means of an aminobenzodifuranone dye (5) as solvatochromic probe. The chemical interpretation of the and parameters and the nature of the solvent/surface interaction which they reflect are discussed. It can be shown that an increase of the HBA (hydrogen bond accepting) capacity of the solvent significantly decreases the HBD (hydrogen bond donating) capacity of the surface environment, whereas the dipolarity/polarizability value of the silica/solvent interface is a composite of many effects. The classification of the polarity of silica particles in organic solvents compared to pure liquids is outlined. Theoretical ETO30U values of the solid/solvent interfaces are calculated by applying linear solvation energy (LSE) relationships using the independently measured and values of the solid acids according to ETO30UaOETO30UUoa aa s :
Clinical versus histological grading in the assessment of cutaneous graft versus host disease (2019)

Confirming the diagnosis of GvHD is still a valuable reason for taking a skin biopsy, but this study shows that histologic grading of GvHD in the skin biopsy has no additional value for clinicians in current practice.
Policy based ensembles for multi domain operations (2020)

In multi-domain operations, different domains get different modalities of input signals, and as a result end up training different models for the same decision-making task. The input modalities could be overlapping with each other, which leads to the situation that models created in one domain may be reusable partially for tasks being conducted in other domains. In order to share the knowledge embedded in different models trained independently in each individual domain, we propose the concept of hybrid policy-based ensembles, in which the heterogeneous models from different domains are combined into an ensemble whose operations are controlled by policies specifying which subset of the models ought to be used for an operation. We show how these policies can expressed based on properties of training datasets, and discuss the performance of these hybrid policy-based ensembles on a dataset used for training network intrusion detection models.
Proteasomal inhibition after injury prevents fibrosis by modulating TGF-β1signalling (2011)

Proteasomal inhibition prevents lung and skin fibrosis after injury in part by increasing the abundance and activity of PPARγ. Proteasomal inhibition may offer a novel therapeutic alternative in patients with dysregulated tissue repair and fibrosis.
End Points in Trials of Treatments for Skin Infections (2013)

To the Editor: In accord with US Food and Drug Administration guidance for skin infection clinical trials, Dr Prokocimer and colleagues1 reported an early �cessation of lesion spread� analysis as their primary end point in a trial of tedizolid phosphate vs linezolid for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs). Thus, patients with skin infections were deemed treatment successes if the skin infection did not worsen after receiving antibiotic therapy for 3 days.
Designing Diagnosable Distributed Programs. (1996)

The difficulty in debugging distributed programs motivates the development of formal methods for designing distributed programs that are easier to debug and maintain. We address state identification problem for distributed systems using the finite state I/O automaton model. A state S is identified based on the unique event sequences starting at S, called distinguishing sequences. An automaton is diagnosable if every state has a distinguishing sequence. A distributed program may not be diagnosable even if its components are diagnosable. Non-dignosable automata can, in some cases, be converted to a diagnosable form by relabelling some of its transitions in a way that preserves the semantics of the program. Not all automata can be converted to a diagnosable form in this way. This is due to inherent ill-posedness of specification. Two algorithms to convert a non-diagnosable automaton to a diagnosable form are presented. Debugging is the controlled execution of one program by another. The latter is called the supervisor of the former. The supervision operation is defined so that the debugging of a distributed program by distributed debuggers is reduced to the same as the debugging of a single program by a single debugger. An algorithm to construct a debugger for a diagnosable program is developed. Every diagnosable program has a unique debugger associated with it. This leads to the introduction of the notion of debugging complexity of programs.
Cheminformatics Data Mining and Modeling for Drug Repurposing (2022)

Market-availability and protection rights of the chemical structures of approved drugs are essential for drug repurposing (DRP). We examine the DRP chemical and disease space for three distinct drug categories: off-patent (OFP; on-market drugs with expired patent and/or exclusivity), on-patent (ONP; on-market drugs with ongoing patent and/or exclusivity) and off-market (OFM; discontinued drugs), as defined by FDA-approved drugs. To streamline DRP strategies and to better understand the chemical space available for DRP, we illustrate repurposing opportunities using drug-molecule similarity in a manner that validates drug classes (i.e., drugs with similar structures addressing similar diseases) and offers unexpected groups of drugs (i.e., drugs with similar structures but different medical uses).
The clobazam metabolite N-desmethyl clobazam is an α2 preferring benzodiazepine with an improved therapeutic window for antihyperalgesia (2016)

Data from genetically modified mice suggest that benzodiazepine (BDZ)-site agonists with improved selectivity for α2-subtype GABAA receptors (α2GABAAR) are potentially useful for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Subtype-selective compounds available for preclinical tests in rodents support this concept but have not been approved for human use, hindering proof-of-concept studies in patients. We recently proposed that N-desmethyl clobazam (NDMC), the main metabolite of the licensed BDZ clobazam (CBZ), is responsible for most of the antihyperalgesia observed in mice after CBZ administration. In order to assess a potentially favorable pharmacological profile of NDMC, we analyzed differences in the GABAAR subtype specificity of CBZ, NDMC and diazepam (DZP) in recombinant receptors. DZP and CBZ potentiated sedating α1GABAARs and antihyperalgesic α2GABAARs with similar efficacies, whereas NDMC preferred α2GABAARs over α1GABAARs across a wide concentration range. In vivo, DZP and NDMC reduced neuropathic pain at doses between 3 and 30 mg/kg. At these doses, DZP had strong locomotor sedating effects while NDMC caused no or only weak sedation. Sedative effects of NDMC became apparent when the action of NDMC was restricted to α1GABAARs. However, when GABAAR point-mutated mice were studied that allow the analysis of antihyperalgesia and sedation in isolation, we found that, compared to DZP, NDMC had a significantly improved therapeutic window, consistent with its more favorable α2/α1 in vitro activity ratio. Given that NDMC should share the safety profile of its parent compound CBZ, it should be well-suited for proof-of-concept studies in human volunteers or patients.
Extrusion of non‐newtonian fluids in a single‐screw extruder with pressure back flow (1996)

Abstract The transport phenomena underlying the extrusion of non‐Newtonian fluids in single‐screw extruders is investigated numerically and experimentally. The viscosity of the investigated fluids is a strong function of the temperature and, for the non‐Newtonian case, of the shear rate. Therefore, the governing equations of motion are coupled to the energy equation through the viscosity. The velocity in the down channel direction of the screw extruder is a result of both shear and pressure driven transport. The pressure acts in a direction opposite to that of the drag flow, and comparatively high pressures arise at the die in typical extruders. When a narrow die is used in the screw extruder, the pressure gradient in the down‐channel direction becomes so large that the down‐channel velocity near the screw root becomes negative in terms of the coordinate system fixed to the screw. The conventional marching schemes fail to simulate the fluid flow when the down‐channel velocity becomes negative, since the downstream conditions are not known. Two different numerical schemes used to simulate the fluid flow in a single‐screw extruder for this circumstance, which often arises when dies with high flow resistance are used and which is termed as pressure back flow in the literature, have been discussed. One scheme is based on including the down‐channel thermal diffusion, making the problem elliptic, and the other scheme uses a different coordinate system. Both formulations are found to yield results that are fairly close. Experiments were also carried out to measure the pressures at three different locations in a single‐screw extruder. The computed results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The pressures at the die obtained numerically by treating the flow as isothermal are found to be lower than those obtained when the flow is treated as nonisothermal, indicating the strong influence of thermal transport in this problem.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Optically Active) Sulfur‐Containing Trifunctional Amino Acids by Radical Addition to (Optically Active) Unsaturated Amino Acids. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular Cloning and Function of FAS/APO1 Associated Protein in Breast Cancer. (1996)

Abstract : Cell-mediated immunity represents one of the chief natural defense mechanisms against tumors. Cytolytic T-cells have two principal mechanisms for killing neoplastic cells: (a) secretion of perforins and granzymes and (b) expression of the cytotoxic cytokine Fas-ligand, also known as APO-1 and CD95, is a member of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) receptor family. Fas is widely expressed on the surface of various types of cells in the body and provides a conduit through which Cytolytic T-cells (CTLs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells can trigger apoptosis of the tumor target cells. The ability of Fas to mediated cell death in human tumors however varies widely, and is unrelated to the relative levels of surface expression of this receptor protein. Using the cytosolic domain of Fas as a bait for yeast two-hybrid screening of cDNA libraries, 2 cDNA clones were obtained from a screen of over 10 million clones which encoded proteins that specifically bound to Fas.
Circulation of pertussis and poor protection against diphtheria among middle-aged adults in 18 European countries (2021)

Abstract Reported incidence of pertussis in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA) varies and may not reflect the real situation, while vaccine-induced protection against diphtheria and tetanus seems sufficient. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of DTP antibodies in EU/EEA countries within the age groups of 40–49 and 50–59 years. Eighteen countries collected around 500 samples between 2015 and 2018 (N = 10,302) which were analysed for IgG-DTP specific antibodies. The proportion of sera with pertussis toxin antibody levels ≥100 IU/mL, indicative of recent exposure to pertussis was comparable for 13/18 countries, ranging between 2.7–5.8%. For diphtheria the proportion of sera lacking the protective level (&lt;0.1 IU/mL) varied between 22.8–82.0%. For tetanus the protection was sufficient. Here, we report that the seroprevalence of pertussis in these age groups indicates circulation of B. pertussis across EU/EEA while the lack of vaccine-induced seroprotection against diphtheria is of concern and deserves further attention.
<title>HWIL LIDAR imaging sensor, 3D synthetic and natural environment, and temporal ATR</title> (2002)

In this paper, LIDAR imaging sensors, 3D synthetic and natural object-centric environment, and temporal ATR are discussed in the context of Modeling and Simulation and Hardware-in-the-loop testing.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
LPSM: Fitting shape model by linear programming (2011)

We propose a shape model fitting algorithm that uses linear programming optimization. Most shape model fitting approaches (such as ASM, AAM) are based on gradient-descent-like local search optimization and usually suffer from local minima. In contrast, linear programming (LP) techniques achieve globally optimal solution for linear problems. In [1], a linear programming scheme based on successive convexification was proposed for matching static object shape in images among cluttered background and achieved very good performance. In this paper, we rigorously derive the linear formulation of the shape model fitting problem in the LP scheme and propose an LP shape model fitting algorithm (LPSM). In the experiments, we compared the performance of our LPSM with the LP graph matching algorithm(LPGM), ASM, and a CONDENSATION based ASM algorithm on a test set of PUT database. The experiments show that LPSM can achieve higher shape fitting accuracy. We also evaluated its performance on the fitting of some real world face images collected from internet. The results show that LPSM can handle various appearance outliers and can avoid local minima problem very well, as the fitting is carried out by LP optimization with l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm robust cost function.
PSPICE-compatible electrical equivalent circuit for busbars (2002)

The paper shows that it is possible to provide a PSPICE-compatible electrical equivalent scheme to represent the electrical behaviour of busbars. First a modeling method is proposed. Then it is shown how to get the equivalent circuit. This method is applied to an industrial busbar, which can be represented with a simple PSPICE macro-component. Experimental validation is given in time and frequency domain.