gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction of physiologically induced global off‐resonance effects in dynamic echo‐planar and spiral functional imaging (2002)

In functional magnetic resonance imaging, a rapid method such as echo-planar (EPI) or spiral is used to collect a dynamic series of images. These techniques are sensitive to changes in resonance frequency which can arise from respiration and are more significant at high magnetic fields. To decrease the noise from respiration-induced phase and frequency fluctuations, a simple correction of the "dynamic off-resonance in k-space" (DORK) was developed. The correction uses phase information from the center of k-space and a navigator echo and is illustrated with dynamic scans of single-shot and segmented EPI and, for the first time, spiral imaging of the human brain at 7 T. Image noise in the respiratory spectrum was measured with an edge operator. The DORK correction significantly reduced respiration-induced noise (image shift for EPI, blurring for spiral, ghosting for segmented acquisition). While spiral imaging was found to exhibit less noise than EPI before correction, the residual noise after the DORK correction was comparable. The correction is simple to apply and can correct for other sources of frequency drift and fluctuations in dynamic imaging.
Hybrid plasmonic Au–TiN vertically aligned nanocomposites: a nanoscale platform towards tunable optical sensing (2018)

Tunable plasmonic structure at the nanometer scale presents enormous opportunities for various photonic devices. In this work, we present a hybrid plasmonic thin film platform: <i>i.e.</i>, a vertically aligned Au nanopillar array grown inside a TiN matrix with controllable Au pillar density. Compared to single phase plasmonic materials, the presented tunable hybrid nanostructures attain optical flexibility including gradual tuning and anisotropic behavior of the complex dielectric function, resonant peak shifting and change of surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) in the UV-visible range, all confirmed by numerical simulations. The tailorable hybrid platform also demonstrates enhanced surface plasmon Raman response for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements, and presents great potentials as designable hybrid platforms for tunable optical-based chemical sensing applications.
Investigation of the resistive transition of CaLaBaCu3O7in magnetic fields up to 10 tesla and pressures up to 46 GPa (1992)

Abstract The onset critical temperature T co, of CaLaBaCu3O7, is measured as a function of pressure by means of a cryogenic diamond anvil cell. We find ∂T co/∂p = 0.14 ± 0.02K/GPa. The pressure dependence of the upper critical field B c2 as a function of pressure is determined for T/Tc , = 0.96. From this we found the corresponding volume dependence of the number of charge carriers to be much smaller than the value derived from Hall effect measurements in YBa2Cu3O7. Les dérivées par rapport à la pression de la température critique supérieure Tco , (avec ∂T co,⊟∂p = 0.14 ± 0.02K/GPa) et du champs critique B c2 à T/Tc , = 0.96 ont été déterminé á l'aide d'une presse à diamants. Pour le composé CaLaBaCu3O7, la variation de la densité de charges en fonction du volume est beaucoup plus faible que celle détermiée par effet Hall dans YBa2Cu3O7.
Immunosuppressive influence of Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (AngHV-1) infection on cellular defense mechanisms in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) (2019)

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a catadromous fish with a complicated life cycle. The long-term impact of anthropopressure, environmental pollution and diseases have led to a risk of extinction. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of Anguillid herpesvirus-1 infection on the innate immunity of European eel from natural conditions. Spleen phagocyte respiratory burst activity and potential killing activity, as well as pronephros lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide were measured. The analyses of the results showed that all studied parameters were significantly higher (P⟨0.05) in AngHV-1-negative fish compared to the ones where the presence of viral DNA was confirmed.
Monocarbonyl Curcumin Analogues: Heterocyclic Pleiotropic Kinase Inhibitors That Mediate Anticancer Properties (2013)

Curcumin is a biologically active component of curry powder. A structurally related class of mimetics possesses similar anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Mechanism has been examined by exploring kinase inhibition trends. In a screen of 50 kinases relevant to many forms of cancer, one member of the series (4, EF31) showed ≥85% inhibition for 10 of the enzymes at 5 μM, while 22 of the proteins were blocked at ≥40%. IC50 values for an expanded set of curcumin analogues established a rank order of potencies, and analyses of IKKβ and AKT2 enzyme kinetics for 4 revealed a mixed inhibition model, ATP competition dominating. Our curcumin mimetics are generally selective for Ser/Thr kinases. Both selectivity and potency trends are compatible with protein sequence comparisons, while modeled kinase binding site geometries deliver a reasonable correlation with mixed inhibition. Overall, these analogues are shown to be pleiotropic inhibitors that operate at multiple points along cell signaling pathways.
[Determination of energy window width and position for the triple energy window (TEW) scatter compensation method]. (1998)

Since primary photons can provide information concerning the position of radioisotope (RI) accumulation and the energy of the photons, it would seem reasonable to vary the position and width of the energy window depending on the type of RI and the energy resolution of the detector to collect as many of the primary photons as possible. We propose a method for determining energy window width and position for scintigraphic imaging to collect as many of the primary photons as possible, and studied the influence on the Triple Energy Window (TEW) scatter compensation method of setting such energy window levels for 99mTc (single photopeak) and 201Tl (multiple photopeaks) using detector with different energy resolution through simulation. The Monte Carlo simulations were verified by comparing the regional energy spectrum at the phantom obtained from the simulation against experimental measurements. The energy window with our proposed method for 99mTc is 20% and 47.3% for 201Tl using gamma camera, and 9.8% for 99mTc using a semiconductor detector with a theorized energy resolution of 7.0 keV.
Evaluation of CAND2 and WNT7a as Candidate Genes for Congenital Idiopathic Clubfoot (2009)

Congenital idiopathic clubfoot is a common pediatric musculoskeletal deformity with no known etiology. The deformity reportedly follows a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. Recent work has demonstrated linkage in chromosome 3 and 13 in a large, multigeneration, highly penetrant family with idiopathic clubfoot. From the linkage region on chromosome 3, we selected the candidate genes CAND2 and WNT7a, which are involved in lower extremity development, and hypothesized mutations in these genes would be associated with the phenotype of congenital idiopathic clubfoot. The CAND2 gene was sequenced in 256 clubfoot patients, and 75 control patients, while WNT7a was screened using 56 clubfoot patients and 50 control patients. We found a polymorphism in each gene, but the single nucleotide change in CAND2 was a silent mutation that did not alter the amino acid product, and the single nucleotide change in WNT7a was in the upstream, non-coding or promoter region before the start codon. Based on these results it is unlikely CAND2 and WNT7a are the major genes that causes clubfoot, however WNT7a might be one of many genes that could increase susceptibility to develop clubfoot but do not directly cause it.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Augmented with Autologous Subacromial Bursa Tissue, Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate, Platelet‐Rich Plasma, Platelet‐Poor Plasma, and Bovine Thrombin (2021)

I: shoulder; II: rotator cuff.
A Procedure for Facile Synthesis of Nucleosides Using N, O-Bistrimethylsilylacetamide in the Presence of Natural Phosphate Coated with Potassium Iodide (2010)

Several α-D/L-arabino and β-D/L- xylonucleosides were synthesized in good yields under mild conditions by N-glycosylation of 1-O-acetyl D/L- arabino, and xylofuranose, with silylated nucleobases (uracil, thymine and 6- azauracil) in acetonitrile using natural phosphate (NP) coated with potassium iodide in BSA as catalyst. Keywords: N-Glycosylation, D/L nucleosides, natural phosphate, catalyst
High efficiency organic light-emitting devices with Al/NaF cathode (2003)

An organic light-emitting device (OLED) with an Al/NaF (1.5 nm) cathode exhibited a highly enhanced performance comparable to the one with the best Al/LiF cathode. This suggests that NaF can be an alternative to commonly used LiF interlayer for improved OLED performance. Photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed that the intensity of the gap states and the amount of the valence band shift at Al/NaF/Alq3 interface surpassed those of Al/LiF/Alq3 interface, suggesting that the observed performance improvement is directly related with these features.
Effects of histamine and histamine antagonists on intestinal capillary permeability (1981)

Steady-state lymph flow, blood flow, and lymph and plasma total protein concentration were measured in an autoperfused cat ileum preparation during the continuous infusion of histamine at venous pressures of 0, 10, 20, and 30 mmHg. The capillary osmotic reflection coefficients for total proteins and each protein fraction were estimated. In addition, the ileum was pretreated with an H1-receptor antagonist (diphenhydramine) or with an H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine). The results suggest that histamine selectively increases the ileal vascular permeability to plasma proteins of a molecular radius up to 96 A. The H1-receptor antagonist did not alter the histamine-induced permeability changes but did block the observed initial vasodilation. The H2-receptor antagonist significantly reduced the permeability changes associated with histamine while having only a slight effect on the initial vasodilation. It is concluded that the activation of H1-receptors is predominantly associated with the initial vasodilation, whereas the H2-receptors are predominantly associated with permeability.
Towards an understanding of nonlinearity in scintillator detector materials (2011)

It has been known for more than 50 years that the light emitted by a scintillator under high-energy excitation (gamma, alpha, proton) is not always proportional to the amount of absorbed energy. The deviation from the linearity of luminosity versus absorbed energy is known as nonproportionality. In addition to its academic interest, this phenomenon has been considered central for scintillator development due to its implication in the limitation of achievable detector performance. Although non-proportional response was studied intensively during the second part of the 20th century, the understanding of its origin and implications on scintillator performance are mainly qualitative. Research in the 1960s uncovered a correlation between proportional response and ionization density, while in the 1980s nonproportionality was proposed as the main reason of energy resolution deviation from the counting statistics limit. It is only recently that the bridge between qualitative and quantitative understanding has been crossed, mainly driven by the large effort undertaken to discover new high-resolution scintillators. Developing such detector materials prompted efforts to gain a deeper understanding of the microscopic processes involved in scintillation mechanisms and so in nonproportionality. In this manuscript, the phenomenology of past and present understanding of non-proportional response will be reviewed. Based on recent experimental, computational and theoretical works, the relation between nonlinear response and energy resolution degradation will be addressed. Finally, the relation between material parameters and proportionality will be evaluated. These recent works are leading towards a deeper understanding of nonlinearity in scintillator detector materials and should result in the development of new high performance scintillator materials.
Safety Aspects of Tritium in ICF Reactors with Internally-Breeding Targets (1985)

The LOTRIT inertial confinement reactor concept employs a deuterium burning target with a DT spark trigger core. This eliminates the need for tritium breeding in a blanket, and leads to a minimization of the tritium inventory and of the possibility of metal fire hazards if lead is used instead of lithium for first wall protection. The active fuel inventory in the fuel cycle and blanket per MJ of energy produced is only 5 percent of the DT case. The most significant reduction in the total tritium inventory is in the target manufacture and storage areas, and is about 1.8% of the DT case per unit of fusion energy produced. If the goal is to reduce the risk from tritium releases from fusion reactors to below that of fission reactors, it is estimated that the tritium releases must be maintained at 0.13–5.0 Ci/day. Attaining these values will be costly, technologically difficult and will constrain the design options in DT-based systems, but may be within the realm of systems using the LOTRIT concept.
Smart MEMS: micro-structures with error-suppression and self-calibration control capabilities (2001)

Micro-sensors and actuators are differentiated from conventional sensors and actuators by their size, cost, and techniques used in their manufacture. The small size of MEMS is a convenience, a contribution to their potentially low cost, and a source of new conceptual challenges. Improvements in sensing structures, process technology, and circuit technology are presently addressed by the MEMS research community. Unavoidable, the next logical step in-the MEMS evolution will be development of precision micro-systems by integrating a number of smart control functions including self-calibration, self-testing, structural compensation, and even communication with one or more other sensors located on the same chip. The control community will be the critical driving force in these developments. This paper gives an overview of functional blocks needed for Smart MEMS and provides several examples highlighting benefits of the paradigm.
Tuning spin injection efficiency through molecular design of organic semiconductors (2018)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
HIF-1 and HIF-2: working alone or together in hypoxia? (2007)

Erythropoietin (EPO) is the hormonal regulator of red cell production and provided the paradigm for oxygen-regulated gene expression that led to the discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). In this issue of the JCI, Rankin and colleagues show, using targeted gene inactivation, that induction of Epo expression in murine liver is dependent on the integrity of HIF-2alpha, and not HIF-1alpha (see the related article beginning on page 1068). These results demonstrate distinct functions for different HIF-alpha isoforms that could potentially be exploited in therapeutic approaches to anemia.
Breaking the barrier of transmission noise in full-duplex radio (2013)

The key technical challenge in making a full-duplex radio is self-interference cancelation (SIC). The self-interference received by a full-duplex radio has two major components: one corresponds to an information-carrying waveform meant for a remote radio and the other corresponds to the noise generated from the transmit chain of the full-duplex radio. The transmission signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a typical radio is only about 30dB. This severely limits the performance of any SIC methods which ignore the transmission noise. None of the previously known digital or hybrid methods for SIC has any built-in mechanism to handle the transmission noise. In this paper, we present a new analog-digital hybrid method whose performance is no longer limited by the transmission noise. This method also involves a blind system identification and equalization algorithm for finding the optimal parameters of the cancelation filter.
A comprehensive system for analyzing the presence of print quality defects (2020)

Print quality (PQ) is most important in the printing industry. It plays a role in users&#x2019; satisfaction with their products. Page quality will be degraded when there are print quality defects on the printed page, which could be caused by the electrophotographic printer (EP) process and associated print mechanism. To identify the print quality issue, customers have to consult a printer user manual or contact customer service to describe the problems. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive system to analyze the printed page automatically and extract the important defect features to determine the type and severity of defects on the scanned page. This system incorporates many of our previous works. The input of this system is the master digital image and the scanned image of the printed page. The comprehensive system includes three modules: the region of interest (ROI) extraction module, the scanned image pre-processing module (image alignment and color calibration procedure), and the print defect analysis module (text fading detection, color fading detection, streak detection, and banding detection). This system analyzes the scanned images based on different ROIs, and each ROI will produce a printer defect feature vector. The final output is the whole feature vector including all the ROI feature vectors of the printed page, and this feature vector will be uploaded to customer service to analyze the printer defect.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for eye diseases (2012)

Decades of research into angiogenesis have led to a triumph in medical intervention with the development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for eye diseases.2][3] The increased use of these agents in ophthalmology has enabled patients with these eye diseases to preserve or regain useful vision.Emerging evidence indicates that such treatment may account for much of the falling incidence of blindness in some developed countries over the past few years.
Data from The discovery and mechanism of action of novel tumor-selective and apoptosis-inducing 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole series using a chemical genetics approach (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;A novel series of 3,5-diaryl-oxadiazoles was identified as apoptosis-inducing agents through our cell and chemical genetics–based screening assay for compounds that induce apoptosis using a chemical genetics approach. Several analogues from this series including MX-74420 and MX-126374 were further characterized. MX-126374, a lead compound from this series, was shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth selectively in tumor cells. To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which this class of compounds alters the signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to apoptosis, expression profiling using the Affymetrix Gene Chip array technology was done along with other molecular and biochemical analyses. Interestingly, we have identified several key genes (cyclin D1, transforming growth factor-β1, p21, and insulin-like growth factor-BP3) that are altered in the presence of this compound, leading to characterization of the pathway for activation of apoptosis. MX-126374 also showed significant inhibition of tumor growth as a single agent and in combination with paclitaxel in murine tumor models. Using photoaffinity labeling, tail-interacting protein 47, an insulin-like growth factor-II receptor binding protein, was identified as the molecular target. Further studies indicated that down-regulation of tail-interacting protein 47 in cancer cells by small interfering RNA shows a similar pathway profile as compound treatment. These data suggest that 3,5-diaryl-oxadiazoles may be a new class of anticancer drugs that are tumor-selective and further support the discovery of novel drugs and drug targets using chemical genetic approaches.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Electrophile Scanning Reveals Reactivity Hotspots for the Design of Covalent Peptide Binders (2023)

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are intriguing targets in drug discovery and development. Peptides are well suited to target PPIs, which typically present with large surface areas lacking distinct features and deep binding pockets. To improve binding interactions to these topologies by PPI-focused therapeutics and advance their development, potential ligands can be equipped with electrophilic groups to enable binding through covalent mechanisms of action. We report a strategy termed electrophile scanning to identify reactivity hotspots in a known peptide ligand. Cysteine mutants of the ligand are used to install protein-reactive modifiers via a palladium oxidative addition complex (Pd-OAC). Reactivity hotspots are revealed by cross-linking reactions with the target protein under physiological conditions. In a system with the 9-mer peptide antigen VL9 and MHC class I receptor HLA-E, we identify two reactivity hotspots that afford up to 87% conversion to the protein–peptide conjugate within 4 hours. The reactions are specific to the target protein in vitro and dependent on the peptide sequence. Moreover, the cross-linked peptide successfully inhibits molecular recognition of HLA-E by CD94─NKG2A possibly due to structural changes enacted at the PPI interface. The results illustrate the potential of electrophile scanning as a tool for rapid discovery and development of covalent peptide binders.
Functional Characteristics of the Oxyanion Hole in Human Acetylcholinesterase (1998)

The contribution of the oxyanion hole to the functional architecture and to the hydrolytic efficiency of human acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) was investigated through single replacements of its elements, residues Gly-121, Gly-122 and the adjacent residue Gly-120, by alanine. All three substitutions resulted in about 100-fold decrease of the bimolecular rate constants for hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine; however, whereas replacements of Gly-120 and Gly-121 affected only the turnover number, mutation of residue Gly-122 had an effect also on the Michaelis constant. The differential behavior of the G121A and G122A enzymes was manifested also toward the transition state analog m-(N,N, N-trimethylammonio)trifluoroacetophenone (TMTFA), organophosphorous inhibitors, carbamates, and toward selected noncovalent active center ligands. Reactivity of both mutants toward TMTFA was 2000-11, 000-fold lower than that of the wild type HuAChE; however, the G121A enzyme exhibited a rapid inhibition pattern, as opposed to the slow binding kinetics shown by the G122A enzyme. For both phosphates (diethyl phosphorofluoridate, diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, and paraoxon) and phosphonates (sarin and soman), the decrease in inhibitory activity toward the G121A enzyme was very substantial (2000-6700-fold), irrespective of size of the alkoxy substituents on the phosphorus atom. On the other hand, for the G122A HuAChE the relative decline in reactivity toward phosphonates (500-460-fold) differed from that toward the phosphates (12-95-fold). Although formation of Michaelis complexes with substrates does not seem to involve significant interaction with the oxyanion hole, interactions with this motif are a major stabilizing element in accommodation of covalent inhibitors like organophosphates or carbamates. These observations and molecular modeling suggest that replacements of residues Gly-120 or Gly-121 by alanine alter the structure of the oxyanion hole motif, abolishing the H-bonding capacity of residue at position 121. These mutations weaken the interaction between HuAChE and the various ligands by 2.7-5.0 kcal/mol. In contrast, variations in reactivity due to replacement of residue Gly-122 seem to result from steric hindrance at the active center acyl pocket.