gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gaussian process regression for ultrasound scanline interpolation (2022)

<b>Purpose:</b> In ultrasound imaging, interpolation is a key step in converting scanline data to brightness-mode (B-mode) images. Conventional methods, such as bilinear interpolation, do not fully capture the spatial dependence between data points, which leads to deviations from the underlying probability distribution at the interpolation points. <b>Approach:</b> We propose Gaussian process ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>GP</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) regression as an improved method for ultrasound scanline interpolation. Using ultrasound scanlines acquired from two different ultrasound scanners during <i>in vivo</i> trials, we compare the scanline conversion accuracy of three standard interpolation methods with that of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>GP</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> regression, measuring the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean absolute error (MAE) for each method. <b>Results:</b> The PSNR and MAE scores show that <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>GP</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> regression leads to more accurate scanline conversion compared to the nearest neighbor, bilinear, and cubic spline interpolation methods, for both datasets. Furthermore, limiting the interpolation window size of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>GP</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> regression to 15 reduces computation time with minimal to no reduction in PSNR. <b>Conclusions:</b> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>GP</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> regression quantitatively leads to more accurate scanline conversion and provides uncertainty estimates at each of the interpolation points. Our windowing method reduces the computational cost of using <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>GP</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> regression for scanline conversion.
MIGRATION OF BUOYANT MONO- AND BI-DISPERSE SUSPENSIONS IN LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER PRESSURE-DRIVEN PIPE FLOW (2004)

Summary: Suspensions of neutrally buoyant particles in low Reynolds number, pressure-driven flows migrate from regions of high to low shear. When the particle density does not match that of the suspending fluid, buoyancy forces, as quantified by a dimensionless buoyancy number, determines the particle distribution. We use electrical resistance tomography (ERT) to visualize and quantify particle migration in pressure-driven pipe flow of monodisperse suspensions of dense or light particles and bidisperse suspensions of heavy and almost neutrally buoyant particles. The images reveal greater particle segregation for the suspensions at higher buoyancy numbers. Experiments with bidisperse suspensions reveal enhanced resuspension of the heavier particles. In addition for some flow conditions an adverse density gradient is observed with heavy suspension above light. Additionally, ERT imaging captured the developing concentration profile, revealing a complex evolution to fully developed flow. The particle distributions are reasonably well-predicted by a suspension transport model.
In situ synthesis and encapsulation of iron iodate (Fe(IO3)3) hybrid particles using water-in-oil (W/O) miniemulsion polymerization (2012)

International audience
Improving non-visual web access using context (2006)

To browse the Web, blind people have to use screen readers, which process pages sequentially, making browsing timeconsuming. We present a prototype system, CSurf, which provides all features of a regular screen reader, but when a user follows a link, CSurf captures the context of the link and uses it to identify relevant information on the next page. CSurf rearranges the content of the next page, so, that the relevant information is read out first. A series experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of CSurf.
An Anti–CLL-1 Antibody–Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2018)

Collectively, our data suggest that an anti-CLL-1-ADC has the potential to become an effective and safer treatment for AML in humans, by reducing and allowing for faster recovery from initial cytopenias than the current generation of ADCs for AML.
LATERAL-TORSIONAL VIBRATION OF A SIDE-LOADED ROTOR WITH ASYMMETRIC SHAFT STIFFNESS (2010)

Using energy equations a four degrees of freedom analytical model is developed for a two-disk rotor with shaft stiffness asymmetry. A radial constant force is applied to the outboard disk to emphasize the effects of gravity or aerodynamic side loading. Special emphasis is placed on characterizing the lateral and torsional vibration trends associated with shaft asymmetry which may be used to identify failing shafts in operational rotor systems. Simulation reveals distinct patterns in lateral and torsional response, with strong dependencies on the magnitude of the side load, magnitude of the asymmetry and proximity of the lateral and torsional natural frequencies. Notable interaction is also observed between the lateral and torsional response. Lateral response peaks are found to correlate to torsional response peaks under some conditions. An experiment is performed to compare the response of a real system with the simulated model.
CCR2-Mediated Uptake of Constitutively Produced CCL2: A Mechanism for Regulating Chemokine Levels in the Blood (2019)

C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a key driver of monocyte/macrophage trafficking to sites of inflammation and has long been considered a target for intervention in autoimmune disease. However, systemic administration of CCR2 antagonists is associated with marked increases in CCL2, a CCR2 ligand, in the blood. This heretofore unexplained phenomenon complicates interpretation of in vivo responses to CCR2 antagonism. We report that CCL2 elevation after pharmacological CCR2 blockade is due to interruption in a balance between CCL2 secretion by a variety of cells and its uptake by constitutive internalization and recycling of CCR2. We observed this phenomenon in response to structurally diverse CCR2 antagonists in wild-type mice, and also found substantially higher CCL2 plasma levels in mice lacking the CCR2 gene. Our findings suggest that CCL2 is cleared from blood in a CCR2-dependent but G protein (Gα<sub>i</sub>, Gα<sub>s</sub> or Gα<sub>q/11</sub>)-independent manner. This constitutive internalization is rapid: on a given monocyte, the entire cell surface CCR2 population is turned over in <30 minutes. We also found that constitutive receptor internalization/recycling and ligand uptake are not universal across monocyte-expressed chemokine receptors. For example, CXCR4 does not internalize constitutively. In summary, we describe a mechanism that explains the numerous preclinical and clinical reports of increased CCL2 plasma levels following in vivo administration of CCR2 antagonists. These findings suggest that constitutive CCL2 secretion by monocytes and other cell types is counteracted by constant uptake and internalization by CCR2-expressing cells. The effectiveness of CCR2 antagonists in disease settings may be dependent upon this critical equilibrium.
Optimal resource extraction with uncertain reserves (1992)

We consider the problem of finding a plan that maximizes the expected discounted return when extracting a nonrenewable resource having uncertain reserves. An extraction plan specifies the rate at which the resource is extracted as a function of time until the resource is exhausted or the time horizon is reached. The return per unit of resource extracted may depend on the rate of extraction, time, and the amount of resource previously extracted. We apply a new method called the generalized search optimization technique to find qualitative features of optimal plans and to devise algorithms for the numerical calculation of optimal plans.
Comment on 2018 ACG Clinical Guideline: Antibiotics in Crohn’s Disease (2018)

1Retired, Georgetown, TX, USA; 2Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, NSW, 2046, Australia Correspondence: William Chamberlin, MD. E-mail: wchambrli[email protected].
Simultaneous integrated boost of biopsy proven, MRI defined dominant intra-prostatic lesions to 95 Gray with IMRT: early results of a phase I NCI study (2007)

These early results demonstrate the feasibility of using IMRT for simultaneous integrated boost to biopsy proven dominant intra-prostatic lesions visible on MRI. The treatment was well tolerated.
<title>Color-gamut mapping techniques for color hardcopy images</title> (1993)

Color gamut mapping is required whenever two imaging devices do not have coincident color gamuts or viewing conditions. Two major gamut mapping techniques include lightness and chroma manipulations. Lightness mapping accounts for differences in white level, black level, and viewing conditions while chroma mapping accounts for differences in gamut volume. As a three dimensional space in which color gamut mapping is implemented, the 1991 Hunt model of color appearance was used utilizing dimensions of lightness, chroma, and hue. This model accounts for viewing conditions in addition to the usual device independent specification. The mapping techniques were applied to back-lit photographic transparencies in order to reproduce images using a dye diffusion thermal transfer printer. As the first experiment, a lightness mapping experiment was performed. Three different lightness mapping techniques, a linear technique and two non-linear techniques, were tested for four images. The psychophysical method of paired comparison was used to generate interval scales of preferred color reproduction. In general, the preferred technique depended on the amount of lightness mapping required and on the original image's lightness histograms. For small amounts of compression, the preferred technique was a clipping type. For large amounts of compression, the preferred technique was image dependent; low preference was caused by loss of detail or apparent fluorescence of high chroma image areas.
Distributed Aberration Correction Techniques Based on Tomographic Sound Speed Estimates (2022)

Phase aberration is widely considered a major source of image degradation in medical pulse-echo ultrasound. Traditionally, near-field phase aberration correction techniques are unable to account for distributed aberrations due to a spatially varying speed of sound in the medium, while most distributed aberration correction techniques require the use of point-like sources and are impractical for clinical applications where diffuse scattering is dominant. Here, we present two distributed aberration correction techniques that utilize sound speed estimates from a tomographic sound speed estimator that builds on our previous work with diffuse scattering in layered media. We first characterize the performance of our sound speed estimator and distributed aberration correction techniques in simulations where the scattering in the media is known a priori. Phantom and in vivo experiments further demonstrate the capabilities of the sound speed estimator and the aberration correction techniques. In phantom experiments, point target resolution improves from 0.58 to 0.26 and 0.27 mm, and lesion contrast improves from 17.7 to 23.5 and 25.9 dB, as a result of distributed aberration correction using the eikonal and wavefield correlation techniques, respectively.
Photoinduced Energy- and Electron-Transfer Processes within Dynamic Self-assembled Donor−Acceptor Arrays (2002)

The synthesis and the photophysical properties of a series of noncovalently assembled donor-acceptor systems, dyads, is reported. The presented approach uses an "innocent" coordination compound, a scandium(III) acetyl acetonate derivative, as core and promotor of the dyad formation. Intercomponent photoinduced energy transfer or electron transfer within the dynamic assembly, which yields to a statistical library of donor-acceptor systems, is reported. The assemblies for energy-transfer processes are constituted by an energy donor, Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-based component (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), and by an energy-acceptor moiety, anthracene-based unit, both substituted with a chelating ligand, acetyl acetone, that via coordination with a scandium ion will ensure the formation of the dyad. If N,N,N'N'-tetramethyl-2,5-diaminobenzyl-substituted acetyl acetonate ligands are used in the place of 9-acyl-anthracene, intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer from the amino derivative (electron donor) to the Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-unit was detected upon self-assembly, mediated by the scandium complex. The photophysical processes can be studied on the lifetime of the kinetically labile complexes.
Perioperative management of the high-risk surgical patient: cardiac surgery (2017)

During the last decade, as a result of continually improving surgical strategy and the technology which supports it (e.g. anaesthesia), cardiac surgery is offered to patients with advanced age and those with increasingly complex co-existing conditions that were previously considered to be contraindications. In addition, an increasing number of patients have previously undergone angioplasty, thereby delaying their initial coronary artery bypass graft surgery to a more advanced age. In general, candidates for cardiac surgery may now be not only older than in the past, but also more likely to have health problems such as hypertension and diabetes. Risk stratification may help to identify ‘the’ high-risk patient: ‘pre-warned is pre-armed’. In high-risk cardiac surgery patients, the surgical treatment options and perioperative care must be tailored to each patient, in order to optimize the benefits and minimize the risk of detrimental effects. The preoperative anticoagulation practice is an important aspect, balancing the risk between ischaemic and bleeding complications. New antiplatelet agents and oral anticoagulants have been recently delivered, and their role in patients scheduled for heart surgery is an additional important issue.
Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer: Emerging clinical trials from a National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer Steering Committee Planning Meeting (2016)

Recent advances have permitted successful therapeutic targeting of the immune system in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). These new immunotherapeutic targets and agents are being rapidly adopted by the oncologic community and hold considerable promise. The National Cancer Institute sponsored a Clinical Trials Planning Meeting to address the issue of how to further investigate the use of immunotherapy in patients with HNSCC. The goals of the meeting were to consider phase 2 or 3 trial designs primarily in 3 different patient populations: those with previously untreated, human papillomavirus-initiated oropharyngeal cancers; those with previously untreated, human papillomavirus-negative HNSCC; and those with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. In addition, a separate committee was formed to develop integrative biomarkers for the clinical trials. The meeting started with an overview of key immune components and principles related to HNSCC, including immunosurveillance and immune escape. Four clinical trial concepts were developed at the meeting integrating different immunotherapies with existing standards of care. These designs were presented for implementation by the head and neck committees of the National Cancer Institute-funded National Clinical Trials Network. This article summarizes the proceedings of this Clinical Trials Planning Meeting, the purpose of which was to facilitate the rigorous development and design of randomized phase 2 and 3 immunotherapeutic trials in patients with HNSCC. Although reviews usually are published immediately after the meeting is held, this report is unique because there are now tangible clinical trial designs that have been funded and put into practice and the studies are being activated to accrual. Cancer 2017;123:1259-1271. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
pH‐Sensitive methacrylic acid–methyl methacrylate copolymer Eudragit L100 and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate tri‐copolymer Eudragit E100 (2019)

Poly (methyl methacrylate) derivatives such as Eudragit are largely used for drug encapsulation and in controlled oral drug delivery. With special focusing on those applications, solubilization and precipitation conditions of two pH‐sensitive Eudragit polymers, namely, L100 and E100, were investigated via systematic studies. Effects of various physicochemical parameters such as pH, polymer concentration, salinity, buffer concentration, and incubation time on the solubilization and precipitation of these polymers were investigated. In addition, pH titration of both polymers was reported. Considering both macroscopic and quantitative aspects such as the final mean particle size, size distribution, morphology, and the zeta potential, it was established that the different precited parameters could not be dissociated and exert a synergic action on the solubilization and precipitation of both polymers. Titration curves revealed two equivalences that helped estimating carboxylic content of Eudragit L100 (6 mmol/g) and ammonium content of Eudragit E100 (4 mmol/g). In this study, the solubilization and the precipitation domains were for the first time clearly established by considering the above‐mentioned parameters. Moreover, it was found that Eudragit L100 and E100 cannot be considered as classic polyelectrolytes; in fact, solubilization and precipitation domains were not affected by ionic strength.
Myocyte repolarization modulates myocardial function in aging dogs (2016)

Studies of myocardial aging are complex and the mechanisms involved in the deterioration of ventricular performance and decreased functional reserve of the old heart remain to be properly defined. We have studied a colony of beagle dogs from 3 to 14 yr of age kept under a highly regulated environment to define the effects of aging on the myocardium. Ventricular, myocardial, and myocyte function, together with anatomical and structural properties of the organ and cardiomyocytes, were evaluated. Ventricular hypertrophy was not observed with aging and the structural composition of the myocardium was modestly affected. Alterations in the myocyte compartment were identified in aged dogs, and these factors negatively interfere with the contractile reserve typical of the young heart. The duration of the action potential is prolonged in old cardiomyocytes contributing to the slower electrical recovery of the myocardium. Also, the remodeled repolarization of cardiomyocytes with aging provides inotropic support to the senescent muscle but compromises its contractile reserve, rendering the old heart ineffective under conditions of high hemodynamic demand. The defects in the electrical and mechanical properties of cardiomyocytes with aging suggest that this cell population is an important determinant of the cardiac senescent phenotype. Collectively, the delayed electrical repolarization of aging cardiomyocytes may be viewed as a critical variable of the aging myopathy and its propensity to evolve into ventricular decompensation under stressful conditions.
Multidetector CT of the Spine in Multiple Myeloma: Comparison with MR Imaging and Radiography (2002)

MDCT seems to be preferable to conventional radiography in evaluating bone destruction in multiple myeloma. In combination with MR imaging, detailed information for staging these tumors is obtained. For the initial staging in patients with multiple myeloma, MDCT in combination with MR imaging seems to be the method of choice.
Integrated atom detector: Single atoms and photon statistics (2009)

We demonstrate a robust fiber-optics-based fluorescence detector, fully integrated on an atom chip, which detects single atoms propagating in a guide with 66% efficiency. We characterize the detector performance and the atom flux by analyzing the photon statistics. Near-perfect photon antibunching proves that single atoms are detected, and allows us to study the second-order intensity correlation function of the fluorescence over three orders of magnitude in atomic density.
Glutamine antagonist JHU083 improves psychosocial behavior and sleep deficits in EcoHIV-infected mice (2022)

Combined antiretroviral therapy ushered an era of survivable HIV infection in which people living with HIV (PLH) conduct normal life activities and enjoy measurably extended lifespans. However, despite viral control, PLH often experience a variety of cognitive, emotional, and physical phenotypes that diminish their quality of life, including cognitive impairment, depression, and sleep disruption. Recently, accumulating evidence has linked persistent CNS immune activation to the overproduction of glutamate and upregulation of glutaminase (GLS) activity, particularly in microglial cells, driving glutamatergic imbalance with neurological consequences. Our lab has developed a brain-penetrant prodrug of the glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), JHU083, that potently inhibits brain GLS activity in mice following oral administration. To assess the therapeutic potential of JHU083, we infected mice with EcoHIV and characterized their neurobehavioral phenotypes. EcoHIV-infected mice exhibited decreased social interaction, suppressed sucrose preference, disrupted sleep during the early rest period, and increased sleep fragmentation, similar to what has been reported in PLH but not yet observed in murine models. At doses shown to inhibit microglial GLS, JHU083 treatment ameliorated all of the abnormal neurobehavioral phenotypes. To explore potential mechanisms underlying this effect, hippocampal microglia were isolated for RNA sequencing. The dysregulated genes and pathways in EcoHIV-infected hippocampal microglia pointed to disruptions in immune functions of these cells, which were partially restored by JHU083 treatment. These findings suggest that upregulation of microglial GLS may affect immune functions of these cells. Thus, brain-penetrable GLS inhibitors like JHU083 could act as a potential therapeutic modality for both glutamate excitotoxicity and aberrant immune activation in microglia in chronic HIV infection.
Feasibility study of Tethered Capsule Endomicroscopy (TCE) deployment in the small intestine (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a poorly understood disease of the small intestine that causes nutrient malabsorption in children, predominantly from low and middle income countries. The clinical importance of EED is neurological and growth stunting that remains as the child grows into adulthood. Tethered capsule endomicroscopy (TCE) has the potential to improve the understanding of EED and could be used to determine the effectiveness of EED interventions. TCE in the adult esophagus and the duodenum has been demonstrated for Barrett`s esophagus and celiac disease diagnosis, respectively. While adult subjects can independently swallow these capsules, it is likely that infants will not, and, as a result, new strategies for introducing these devices in young children aged 0.5-2 years need to be investigated. Our first approach will be to introduce the TCE devices in infants under the aid of endoscopic guidance. To determine the most effective method, we have tested endoscopic approaches for introducing TCE devices into the small intestine of living swine. These methods will be compared and contrasted to discuss the most effective means for endoscopic tethered capsule introduction into the small intestine.