gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topology and Technology Survey on Medium Voltage Power Converters for Large Wind Turbines (2011)

Based on state-of-the-art within generator and power converter designs, this paper presents and justifies the most promising converter circuitries and concepts for future 10 MW wind turbines. In order to reduce losses and increase efficiency of the turbine, it is assumed that the bulky step-up transformer is permanently removed from the topology. As a result, the generator-converter circuitry operates on 20 kV level, which introduces new challenges into the design. The first part of the paper presents a system approach, in which general converter features are discussed with regard to this specific application. Based on obtained conclusions, the second part of the paper highlights the most promising converter topology concepts and circuitries, which can be adapted and eventually utilized. Finally, results show that the most promising topologies can be acquired from a modular approach, which is made by various circuit configurations of previously defined power modules.
Optimization design of a single-stage AC-DC converter with averaging circuit model and MathCAD/sup ©/ (2003)

Based on the averaging circuit model and MathCAD tool, a design optimization methodology for power factor correction circuits is presented in this paper. It is shown that such design optimization can be applied to most single-stage (S/sup 2/) converters. Both theoretical and experimental results are verified based on a 150 W prototype at 28 V output. Major performance comparisons are presented.
Accurate characterization of switching losses in high-speed, high-voltage Power MOSFETs (2015)

Switching losses of high voltage devices such as SiC Power MOSFETs and Si IGBTs are usually characterized using inductive switching tests. However, for SiC Power MOSFETs, the operation at high switching speed arises several issues that compromise the accuracy of the values provided on the Datasheet for the switching losses. In this paper, these issues (load current, freewheeling diode, di/dt and parasitic inductances) will be discussed. Afterwards, a similar study will be performed for resistive switching conditions as an alternative and more robust method to characterize the switching losses of these devices. Finally, a complete map of the Turn-on and Turn-off losses of the SiC Power MOSFET SCT2080KE from Rohm will be provided.
Study on Sn–Co Alloy Anodes for Lithium Secondary Batteries (2006)

An amorphous Sn–Co alloy film electro-codeposited on rough Cu foil was found in our previous works to self-organize a microisland structure, which is a crucial factor to improve Sn alloy anodes for cyclability. This work focused on the electrochemical properties, film morphology, and phase structure, and the behavior of Co atoms was analyzed by extended X-ray absorption fine structure and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Cycle performance up to , in which the capacity anomalously fluctuated, is discussed based on these results, where the capacity change is explained by the morphological and phase structural changes. The stabilization process of the phase is clarified in connection with formation of ferromagnetic face-centered cubic Co particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical One‐Pot Syntheses of Regioisomeric Furan‐Fused Pyridinones (and Quinolinones) from Common Precursors. (2010)

Abstract The cyclization of substrates (I) follows remarkably divergent pathways when heated in acetic acid or triethylamine under microwave irradiation.
Development and validation of an LCMS method to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of caffeic acid phenethyl amide and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in male Sprague–Dawley rats (2013)

A validated LCMS method was developed for the quantitative determination of caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) from rat plasma. Separation was achieved using a reverse-phase C12 HPLC column (150 × 2.00 mm, 4 µm) with gradient elution running water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Mass spectrometry was performed with electrospray ionization in negative mode. This method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of CAPA and CAPE in male Sprague-Dawley rats following intravenous bolus administration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg of CAPA and 20 mg/kg of CAPE. The pharmacokinetic analysis suggests the lack of dose proportionality in the dose range of 5-20 mg/kg of CAPA. Total clearance values for CAPA ranged from 45 to 156 mL/min and decreased with increasing dose of CAPA. The volume of distribution for CAPA ranged from 17,750 to 52,420 mL, decreasing with increasing dose. The elimination half-life for CAPA ranged from 243.1 to 295.8 min and no statistically significant differences were observed between dose groups in the range of 5-20 mg/kg (p > 0.05). The elimination half-life for CAPE was found to be 92.26 min.
Figure S7 from Integrative Kinome Profiling Identifies mTORC1/2 Inhibition as Treatment Strategy in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 7 | PDX alteration status and p-S6 staining. (A) Nonsynonymous mutation distribution in PDX.155, PDX.180 and PDX.247 in genes involved in the frequently mutated PI3K/AKT/mTOR (blue) and MAPK pathway (yellow), ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases (green) and DNA repair pathway (red) as well as ARID1A and PALB2 are shown with OncoPrint. CNA in each mutated gene are added. (B) PDX.155, (C) PDX.180 and (D) PDX.247 representative p-S6 expression after 21 days of vehicle or AZD8055 treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Dietary Microbial Toxins and Type 1 Diabetes (2003)

Toxins may promote type 1 diabetes by modifying or damaging the beta cell causing release of autoantigens. Streptomyces is a common soil bacterium that produces many toxic compounds. Some Streptomyces can infect vegetables, raising the possibility of dietary exposure to toxins. We aimed to identify toxins that erode cellular proton gradients in extracts of Streptomyces and infested vegetables and to establish the effect of low doses of these toxins on pancreatic islets in mice. The vacuolar ATPase inhibitors, bafilomycin and concanamycin, and the ionophore, nigericin, were identified in extracts from 4 of 13 Streptomyces isolated from infested potatoes and in potatoes themselves. Injection of bafilomycin A1 into mice impaired glucose tolerance, reduced islet size, and decreased relative beta cell mass. Thus, exposure to small quantities of bafilomycin in the diet may contribute to the cause of type 1 diabetes.
Modeling a monocrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2single junction solar cell grown on a GaAs substrate (2013)

A polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) single junction solar cell model is developed with dependencies on the molar fraction of In and Ga with a 0.8 eV Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) trap level above the valence band. The simulated performance of this solar cell over molar fraction compares well to data published in the literature using the SRH minority carrier lifetime to fit the trend in open circuit voltage. The material parameters are then used as a foundation for a numerical model of a monocrystalline CIGS solar cell grown on a GaAs substrate with an emphasis on modeling the CIGS/GaAs interface where a molar fraction gradient in CIGS forms due to lattice mismatch induced inter-diffusion of Ga and In from the substrate and CIGS layers. Without strain effects due to the lattice mismatch, the CIGS monocrystalline solar cell has an efficiency of 18.6% under the AM1.5G spectrum (1000 W/m<sup>2</sup>) with a short circuit current density of 36.5 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, an open circuit voltage of 0.66 V and a fill factor of 77.4%. However, when reasonable strain effects are considered, such as the formation of strained induced interface defects and threading dislocation densities (TDD), the efficiency degrades to 6% for TDD &lt; 1x10<sup>7</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. The models are able to reproduce a similar structure’s measured performance using a TDD of 1.5×10<sup>7</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> and a surface recombination velocity of 10<sup>8</sup> cm/s at the CdS/CIGS interface.
Integrated Optical Phased Array Butterfly Architecture for Independent Amplitude and Phase Control (2019)

A scalable two-dimensional integrated optical phased array architecture with cascaded butterfly-shaped pixels is introduced. This novel architecture enables compact, in-line independent amplitude and phase control with power recycling.
High starting torque for AC SCR controller (1999)

A control strategy is proposed for AC thyristor controllers. The main feature of the proposed technique is that motors can start with high torque, while using an economical design. This allows the use of AC thyristor controllers for a wide range of applications, where they have not been used before. The method employs the AC thyristor controller as a discrete frequency inverter that increases the frequency until the frequency of the line is reached (60 Hz in this case). These discrete frequencies produced by the control are sub-multiples of line frequency. They are generated by omission or inclusion of line frequency half cycles. Voltage sequences are predefined for each sub-multiple of line frequency. In order to obtain positive torque for all these frequencies, the system is unbalanced. The proposed control is simulated (using EMTP), and built. Comparisons are done with the traditional AC thyristor starter. Results show reduced RMS starting current, increased starting torque and the possibility to operate at low speeds.
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase-mediated Phosphorylation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Residue Ser-753 and Its Role in Channel Activation (1995)

Hormonal regulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel is largely mediated via cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). CFTR contains 10 dibasic consensus sites for potential PKA phosphorylation ((R/K) (R/K)X(S*/T*)). Previous studies (Chang, X.-B., Tabcharani, J. A., Hou, Y.-X., Jensen, T. J., Kartner, N., Alon, N., Hanrahan, J. W., and Riordan, J.R (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 11304-11311) showed that approximately 25% of the CFTR wild-type response to PKA activation remained upon inhibition of most detectable phosphorylation by in vitro mutagenesis of all 10 dibasic consensus sites (10SA CFTR). To identify potential additional sites responsible for the residual activity, large amounts of this mutant CFTR were phosphorylated with PKA using high specific activity [gamma-32P]ATP. Cyanogen bromide cleavage indicated that a large portion of the observed PKA phosphorylation occurred within a 5.8-kDa fragment of the R domain between residues 722-773. Removal of serines at potential PKA sites in this fragment showed that Ser-753 accounted for all of the gamma-32P labeling of the 5.8-kDa peptide. Replacement of Ser-753 with alanine reduced the level of residual CFTR activity by a further 40%, indicating that phosphorylation at this previously unidentified site contributes to the activation of 10SA CFTR.
Modeling and measurement of longitudinal gain dynamics in saturated semiconductor optical amplifiers of different length (2000)

A new frequency-domain wave-propagation model that includes a position- and time-dependent carrier lifetime and the effect of amplified spontaneous emission is introduced and used to accurately simulate recovery time experiments in 0.5- and 1.0-mm long semiconductor optical amplifiers. It is compared to a constant lifetime model at different saturation levels, showing better performance and consistency. The role of the amplified spontaneous emission in saturated amplifiers is also discussed.
Optimization of Post-Texturization Cleans for Heterojunction Solar Cells (2012)

Solar cells employing heterojunction emitters of amorphous silicon (a-Si) on a monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) substrate have demonstrated high efficiencies without requiring high-temperature processing [. An example of such a cell structure is shown in Figure 1. It has been found that the cell efficiency can be boosted by inserting a thin undoped (intrinsic) a-Si layer between the a-Si emitter and the c-Si substrate. The thin intrinsic layer provides very good passivation of interface defects, thus reducing the surface recombination velocity.
Hypoalbuminaemia is associated with mortality in patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy (2014)

Patients with mRCC and hypoalbuminaemia undergoing CN have decreased OS and CSS, and increased risk of all-cause and disease-specific early mortality. As such, serum albumin may help risk stratify patients selected as candidates for CN. Furthermore, future work should evaluate whether nutritional depletion is a modifiable risk factor.
Cell-surface major vault protein promotes cancer progression through harboring mesenchymal and intermediate circulating tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinomas (2017)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a major role in the metastasis and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we found that major vault protein (MVP) is expressed on the surface of HCC cells and further induced under stressful environments. MVP knockdown reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HCC cells. Treatment of HCC cells with anti-MVP antibody (α-MVP) recognizing cell-surface MVP (csMVP) inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. csMVP-positive HCC cells have a higher clonogenic survival than csMVP-negative HCC cells, and treatment of HCC cells with α-MVP inhibits clonogenic survival, suggesting that csMVP contributes to HCC cell survival, migration, and invasion. The function of csMVP is mediated through mTOR, FAK, ERK and Akt signaling pathways. csMVP-positive CTCs are detected in HCC patients (89.7%) but not in healthy donors, and the number of csMVP-positive CTCs is further increased in patients with metastatic cancers. csMVP is exclusively detectable in CTCs with mesenchymal phenotype or intermediate phenotype with neither epithelial nor mesenchymal markers, suggesting that csMVP-associated survival and metastatic potential harbor CTCs with nonepithelial phenotypes. The results suggest that csMVP promotes cancer progression and serves as a surface marker for mesenchymal and intermediate CTCs in patients with HCC and metastatic cancers.
Purification and Regulation of Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase from Obligate Methanol‐Utilizing Bacterium Methylomonas M15 (1978)

Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase has been purified 192‐fold from Methylomonas M15 grown on methanol as sole source for carbon and energy. The purification procedure involved N ‐cetyl‐ N,N,N ‐trimethylammonium bromide precipitation, ion‐exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on blue‐dextran‐Sepharse. The final enzyme preparations were homoveneous as judged by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and by sedimentation in an ultracentrifuge. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be 108000 ± 5000 from sedimentation equilibrium experiments. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulfate gels indicates that the enzyme is a dimer composed of two probably identical subunits each having a molecular weight of 55000. The enzyme exhibits activity with either NAD or NADP as electron acceptor. Mg 2+ or an other biblent cation is not essential for enxyme activity. The K m values were found to be 0.2 mM for NAD, 0.014 mM for NADP, 0.29 mM for glucose 6‐phosphate with NAD and 0.11 mM for glucose 6‐phosphate with NADP as electron acceptor. The reduced coenzymes NADPH and NADH as well as ATP are powerful inhibitors of the enzyme. The intracellular levels of glucose 6‐phosphate, ATP, NAD and NADP were measured and found to be approximately 2.5 mM, 1.5 mM, 1 mM and 2 mM respectively, during exponential growth. From a consideration of the substrate pool sizes and types of inhibitors, it is concluded that this enzyme may function in two roles in the cell: NADH reproduction for energetics and NADPH production for reductive biosynthesis.
Passive mm-wave Imaging (1990)

This paper discusses the current status of Passive Millimetre Wave Radiometry as an imaging technique. The major problems are poor spatial resolution and lack of thermal sensitivity. Techniques for overcoming these difficulties are identified, including the use of aperture synthesis, multichannel receivers, correlation and inverse transform techniques.
Bimodal porous silica monoliths obtained by phase separation in non-aqueous media (2009)

Stable and crack-free bimodal macroporous silica monoliths were prepared for the first time in non-aqueous media and at room temperature by phase separation between a silica rich phase and a formic acid rich phase. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was added to promote the phase separation between silica and formic acid leading to monoliths with 2 micron macropores. An additional basic treatment creates a supplementary mesoporosity of 7 nm. The addition of ionic liquid (BMIM-TFSI) in the synthesis increased the surface area of monoliths up to 760 m2 g−1 by inducing the formation of silica nanoparticles inside the monolith skeleton. Furthermore, the ionic liquid decreased the interaction between silica and PEO, which can then be removed by simple washing. The addition of methylsiloxane (MTMS) in the synthesis allows the ionic liquid at the surface of the macroporous monoliths to be maintained and represents the first example of supported ionic liquid associated with large through-flow pores. Such a system could therefore be used in chromatography for demanding and complex separation processes or in catalysis for the transformation of low-solubility reactants.
Software‐Defined Radio Front Ends (2010)

The ultimate dream of every software-defined radio (SDR) front-end architect is to deliver a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver that can be reconfigured into every imaginable operating mode, in order to comply with the requirements of all existing and even upcoming communication standards. This chapter presents several important innovations and concepts that bring this ultimate dream closer to reality. These include circuits for wideband local oscillator (LO) synthesis, multifunctional receiver and transmitter building blocks, digital calibration techniques and novel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) implementations. Although several other improvements will still be needed, the work presented in the chapter has can be taken an important step toward an energy-efficient multi-mode SDR. Controlled Vocabulary Terms local oscillators; radio frequency; receivers; software radio; transmitters
GATSPI (2022)

In this paper, we present GATSPI, a novel GPU accelerated logic gate simulator that enables ultra-fast power estimation for industry-sized ASIC designs with millions of gates. GATSPI is written in PyTorch with custom CUDA kernels for ease of coding and maintainability. It achieves simulation kernel speedup of up to 1668X on a single-GPU system and up to 7412X on a multiple-GPU system when compared to a commercial gate-level simulator running on a single CPU core. GATSPI supports a range of simple to complex cell types from an industry standard cell library and SDF conditional delay statements without requiring prior calibration runs and produces industry-standard SAIF files from delay-aware gate-level simulation. Finally, we deploy GATSPI in a glitch-optimization flow, achieving a 1.4% power saving with a 449X speedup in turnaround time compared to a similar flow using a commercial simulator.
Improvement of the mechanical properties of poly(D,L‐lactide) by orientation (2002)

Abstract Oriented, amorphous poly( D , L ‐lactide) was obtained by drawing injection moulded specimens at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the polymer and by a non‐conventional injection moulding process in which the melt is cooled under oscillating shear conditions (SCORIM). In both cases effective molecular orientation is achieved, allowing the preparation of degradable devices with much improved tensile properties and impact behaviour when compared to the non‐oriented material. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Library of β‐GlcNAc Glycosides to Screen for Efficient in vivo Glycosyltransferase Acceptors. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[HANSEN'S DISEASE IN ISRAEL]. (2016)

Hansen's disease (HD) is an anthropophylic, infectious, chronic disease, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The systemic disease, affecting both males and females at any age, involves mainly the skin and the peripheral nerves located in the limbs close to the skin. Traditionally the treatment of HD patients was entrusted to dermatologists. Current drug therapy given at an early stage can prevent many of the complications, and enables patients to go on with life. In 95% of the population there is an innate immunity, which following exposure, enables the development of an effective immune response preventing the development of overt clinical disease. So far, there is neither an effective vaccination nor a simple test which can predict susceptibility to the infection. A long history of ignorance and stigmatization may add a social dimension to the physical ailment and suffering of HD patients. Despite the elimination campaign declared by the WHO in the early 1990s, the disease continues to exist. New patients are diagnosed each year, though in lower numbers and HD patients can be found all over the world. The relatively low prevalence of HD in non-endemic countries and the misconception that it has been eradicated long ago, make the awareness to the disease extremely poor. HD is usually not included in the differential diagnosis even when clear symptoms are present. This results in a very late diagnosis of new HD patients, thus missing the window of opportunity for early treatment which could prevent complications and disability. The purpose of this update is to raise awareness to the existence of HD in Israel and its diagnosis, to present updated epidemiological data for Israel and a glimpse at the global situation.
Preparation of Bi-(Pb)-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconducting films on Ag plate using spray-pyrolysis powders. (1990)

Fine powders of the composition Bi1.6Pb0.4Ca2Sr2Cu3Ox have been prepared by the spray-pyrolysis method. The particles were spherical and their diameter was uniformly-distributed at about 1.5, μm. The body sintered from these powders at 840°C showed the offset of superconducting transition at Tc=104 K. Furthermore, the thick films have been prepared on a Ag plate or between two Ag plates using the powders. The powders were pressed on a Ag plate or between two Ag plates at 200kg/cm2 and heat-treated at 855°C for 30 min. The resultant films on a Ag plate were again heat-treated at 840°C for 62 hr after the cooling to room temperature. The thick films obtained showed the offset temperature of 104 K. On the other hand, the films sandwiched between Ag plates, which were heat-treated also at 855°C for 40 hr after the cooling, showed the offset temperature of 80k