gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Very Small Embryonic-Like Cells Generate Skeletal Structures, In Vivo (2012)

Human very small embryonic-like (hVSEL) cells are a resident population of multipotent stem cells in the bone marrow involved in the turnover and regeneration of tissues. The levels of VSEL cells in blood are greatly increased in response to injury, and they have been shown to repair injured tissues. Adult hVSEL cells, SSEA-4(+)/CD133(+)/CXCR4(+)/Lin(-)/CD45(-), express the pluripotency markers (Oct-4 and Nanog) and may be able to differentiate into cells from all 3 germ lineages. hVSEL cells isolated from blood by apheresis following granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor mobilization were fractionated and enriched by elutriation and fluorescence activated cell sorting. Collagen sponge scaffolds containing 2,000-30,000 hVSEL cells were implanted into cranial defects generated in SCID mice. Analysis by microcomputed tomography showed that a cell population containing VSEL cells produced mineralized tissue within the cranial defects compared with controls at 3 months. Histologic studies showed significant bone formation and cellular organization within the defects compared with cellular or scaffold controls alone. Antibodies to human leukocyte antigens demonstrated that the newly generated tissues were of human origin. Moreover, human osteocalcin was identified circulating in the peripheral blood. There was evidence that some level of hVSEL cells migrated away from the defect site, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect for human-specific Alu sequences. This study demonstrates that hVSEL cells are able to generate human bone tissue in a mouse model of skeletal repair. These studies lay the foundation for future cell-based regenerative therapies for osseous and connective tissue disorders, including trauma and degenerative conditions, such as osteoporosis, fracture repair, and neoplastic repair.
Natalizumab wearing-off symptoms (2019)

People with multiple sclerosis (MS) being treated with natalizumab often report increased fatigue and other symptoms a week or so before their next scheduled infusion, known as a “wearing-off” phenomenon. In a prior cross-sectional study of 100 natalizumab-treated patients, 57% endorsed feeling worse at the end of the current natalizumab dosing cycle than at the beginning; an additional 10% had experienced such symptoms previously.1 Among those who completed serial assessments, health-related quality of life, fatigue, and depression scores were meaningfully worse at the time of, vs 7 days after, an infusion.
Performance of the Selfhealing Network protocol with random individual link failure times (2002)

The Selfhealing Network (SHN) is a parallel asynchronous distributed protocol which organizes the pool of spare links in a network into the pattern of k-shortest link disjoint paths between any two nodes of the network. A report is presented on the behavior of the SHN protocol when presented with a random series of individual fiber failures, as opposed to a 'guillotine' (i.e. simultaneous) model of a cable cut. The most significant results are: (a) verification of the protocol under complex failure stimuli, and (b) a finding of predeployment effects which reduce the elapsed outage time of most individual paths when failures occur in a time-distributed manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Left hemisphere dominance for bilateral kinematic encoding in the human brain (2022)

Neurophysiological studies in humans and nonhuman primates have revealed movement representations in both the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres. Inspired by clinical observations, we ask if this bilateral representation differs for the left and right hemispheres. Electrocorticography was recorded in human participants during an instructed-delay reaching task, with movements produced with either the contralateral or ipsilateral arm. Using a cross-validated kinematic encoding model, we found stronger bilateral encoding in the left hemisphere, an effect that was present during preparation and was amplified during execution. Consistent with this asymmetry, we also observed better across-arm generalization in the left hemisphere, indicating similar neural representations for right and left arm movements. Notably, these left hemisphere electrodes were centered over premotor and parietal regions. The more extensive bilateral encoding in the left hemisphere adds a new perspective to the pervasive neuropsychological finding that the left hemisphere plays a dominant role in praxis.
Novel heterostructure MSM photodetectors for Gigabit Ethernet (2004)

A key element in the field of sensors for short haul communications is the development of high performance photodetectors. Along this direction, we present here an accurate investigation of photodetectors based on AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction structures. In these devices, the absorption region is in the GaAs layer where is formed, at the interface with AlGaAs, a two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG). This HMSM (heterostructure metal-semiconductor-metal) photodetector contains an AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflector for detection at 850 nm. The beneficial effect of the 2-DEG in the GaAs absorption layer is evidenced by comparing samples with and without doping in the AlGaAs layer. We start from properties of the grown structure, and then we investigate the static and dynamic properties. Particularly, photocurrent spectra exhibit a 30 nm wide peak at 850 nm, while time response measurements give a bandwidth over 30 GHz. A combination of very low dark current and capacitance, fast response, wavelength selectivity, and compatibility with high electron mobility transistors makes this device especially suitable for Gigabit Ethernet applications.
Design of a Reflective Type Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Multiple Total-Internal Reflections Theory in Heterodyne Interferometry (2013)

In this paper, a reflective type optical fiber sensor (OFS) based on multiple total internal reflections in heterodyne interferometry is proposed. The sensor is made of a multimode optical fiber which cladding was removed and polished as a top shape. And the end surface of the sensor is designed as a micro-mirror. As a heterodyne optical source is launched into the optical fiber sensor at a suitable incident angle, we can obtain the phase difference between s-and p-polarizations at the output of the optical fiber sensor. By numerical simulation, it is clear that the resolution of the system by using the intensity method can reach refractive index unit (RIU) at least in the measurement range of. The OFS could be valuable for chemical, biological and biochemical sensing. It has some merits, such as, high resolution and stability, small size and real-time measurement.
Optical components and materials IV : 22-24 January 2007, San Jose, California, USA (2007)

Thin-Film Components; Ceramics and Nanocrystals; Exotic Glasses; Lasers and Amplifiers; Bulk Components; Fiber Components.
Substituted 2-(aminomethyl)piperidines: a novel class of selective protein kinase C inhibitors (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted 2-(aminomethyl)piperidines: a novel class of selective protein kinase C inhibitorsBarry G. Shearer, James P. Sullivan, J. Paul Carter, Rose M. Mathew, Phillip Waid, Jane R. Connor, Raymond J. Patch, and Ronald M. BurchCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 9, 2928–2931Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00113a038Request reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (478 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms for cooperative shared memory (1993)

This paper explores the complexity of implementing directory protocols by examining their mechanisms primitive operations on directories, caches, and network interfaces. We compare the following protocols: Dir 1 B , Dir 4 B , Dir 4 NB , Dir n NB [2], Dir 1 SW [9] and an improved version of Dir 1 SW ( Dir 1 SW + ). The comparison shows that the mechanisms and mechanism sequencing of Dir 1 SW and Dir 1 SW + are simpler than those for other protocols. We also compare protocol performance by running eight benchmarks on 32 processor systems. Simulations show that Dir 1 SW + s performance is comparable to more complex directory protocols. The significant disparity in hardware complexity and the small difference in performance argue that Dir 1 SW + may be a more effective use of resources. The small performance difference is attributable to two factors: the low degree of sharing in the benchmarks and Check- In/Check-Out (CICO) directives [9].
Distribution of P2X receptors on astrocytes in juvenile rat hippocampus (2001)

Recent evidence suggested that ATP acting via ionotropic (P2X) and metabotropic (P2Y) purinergic receptors might be involved in signaling between glial cells and within glial-neuronal networks. In contrast to their neuronal counterpart, the identity of P2X receptors in CNS glial cells is largely unknown. In the present study, antibodies recognizing the subunits P2X1-P2X7 were applied together with the astroglial marker S100beta and nuclear labeling with Hoechst 33342 to investigate semiquantitatively the distribution of the whole set of P2X receptors in astrocytes of the juvenile rat hippocampus. Expression of P2X1-P2X4, P2X6, and P2X7 subunits was observed in astrocytes of various hippocampal subregions, but the cells were completely devoid of P2X5 protein. S100beta-positive cells expressing subunits P2X3-P2X7 occurred evenly in the different subfields, while P2X1- and P2X2-positive astrocytes were distributed more heterogeneously. The staining pattern of P2X subunits also differed at the subcellular level. Antibodies against P2X2 and P2X4 labeled both astroglial cell bodies and processes. Immunoreactivity for P2X1 and P2X6 was mainly confined to somatic areas of S100beta-positive cells, whereas the subunit P2X3 was primarily localized along astroglial processes. Knowledge of the distribution of P2X receptors might provide a basis for a better understanding of their specific role in cell-cell signaling.
Small Molecules, Big Players: the National Cancer Institute's Initiative for Chemical Genetics (2006)

In 2002, the National Cancer Institute created the Initiative for Chemical Genetics (ICG), to enable public research using small molecules to accelerate the discovery of cancer-relevant small-molecule probes. The ICG is a public-access research facility consisting of a tightly integrated team of synthetic and analytical chemists, assay developers, high-throughput screening and automation engineers, computational scientists, and software developers. The ICG seeks to facilitate the cross-fertilization of synthetic chemistry and cancer biology by creating a research environment in which new scientific collaborations are possible. To date, the ICG has interacted with 76 biology laboratories from 39 institutions and more than a dozen organic synthetic chemistry laboratories around the country and in Canada. All chemistry and screening data are deposited into the ChemBank web site (http://chembank.broad.harvard.edu/) and are available to the entire research community within a year of generation. ChemBank is both a data repository and a data analysis environment, facilitating the exploration of chemical and biological information across many different assays and small molecules. This report outlines how the ICG functions, how researchers can take advantage of its screening, chemistry and informatic capabilities, and provides a brief summary of some of the many important research findings.
A monolithic power-spectrum centroid detector (1981)

This report will cover polysilicon distributed passive networks used in a monolithic power spectrum centroid detector exhibiting < 2% error and nonlinearity over a 100Hz to 10kHz signal band, -3dB to 0dB input SNR and <0.1%/° C overall temperature sensitivity.
An Integrated Strategy for Analyzing the Unique Developmental Programs of Different Myoblast Subtypes (2006)

An important but largely unmet challenge in understanding the mechanisms that govern the formation of specific organs is to decipher the complex and dynamic genetic programs exhibited by the diversity of cell types within the tissue of interest. Here, we use an integrated genetic, genomic, and computational strategy to comprehensively determine the molecular identities of distinct myoblast subpopulations within the Drosophila embryonic mesoderm at the time that cell fates are initially specified. A compendium of gene expression profiles was generated for primary mesodermal cells purified by flow cytometry from appropriately staged wild-type embryos and from 12 genotypes in which myogenesis was selectively and predictably perturbed. A statistical meta-analysis of these pooled datasetsbased on expected trends in gene expression and on the relative contribution of each genotype to the detection of known muscle genes-provisionally assigned hundreds of differentially expressed genes to particular myoblast subtypes. Whole embryo in situ hybridizations were then used to validate the majority of these predictions, thereby enabling true-positive detection rates to be estimated for the microarray data. This combined analysis reveals that myoblasts exhibit much greater gene expression heterogeneity and overall complexity than was previously appreciated. Moreover, it implicates the involvement of large numbers of uncharacterized, differentially expressed genes in myogenic specification and subsequent morphogenesis. These findings also underscore a requirement for considerable regulatory specificity for generating diverse myoblast identities. Finally, to illustrate how the developmental functions of newly identified myoblast genes can be efficiently surveyed, a rapid RNA interference assay that can be scored in living embryos was developed and applied to selected genes. This integrated strategy for examining embryonic gene expression and function provides a substantially expanded framework for further studies of this model developmental system.
Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA reversibly regulates locus-specific histone acetylation and gene expression (2019)

The impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in epigenetics is emerging, but our understanding of this relationship and its effect on gene expression remains incomplete. We previously showed that acute mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loss leads to histone hypoacetylation. It remains to be defined if these changes are maintained when mitochondrial dysfunction is chronic and if they alter gene expression. To fill these gaps of knowledge, we here studied a progressive and a chronic model of mtDNA depletion using biochemical, pharmacological, genomics, and genetic assays. We show that histones are primarily hypoacetylated in both models. We link these effects to decreased histone acetyltransferase activity unrelated to changes in ATP citrate lyase, acetyl coenzyme A synthetase 2, or pyruvate dehydrogenase activities, which can be reversibly modulated by altering the mitochondrial pool of acetyl-coenzyme A. Also, we determined that the accompanying changes in histone acetylation regulate locus-specific gene expression and physiological outcomes, including the production of prostaglandins. These results may be relevant to the pathophysiology of mtDNA depletion syndromes and to understanding the effects of environmental agents that lead to physical or functional mtDNA loss.
Selective atomic-level etching using two heating procedures, infrared irradiation and ion bombardment, for next-generation semiconductor device manufacturing (2017)

The demand for precisely controlled etching is increasing as semiconductor device geometries continue to shrink. To fulfill this demand, cyclic atomic level/layer etching will become one of the key technologies in semiconductor device manufacturing at nanometer dimensions. This review describes recent trends in semiconductor devices and some of the latest results on cyclic atomic-level etching. In particular, it focuses on two types of cyclic etching that use different heating procedures: infrared irradiation for isotropic etching and Ar+ ion bombardment for anisotropic etching. It describes how an inductively-coupled-plasma down-flow etching apparatus with infrared lamps can be used for isotropic cyclic etching. The isotropic cyclic etching of SiN involves the formation and thermal desorption of ammonium hexafluorosilicate-based surface modified layers. This method features high selectivity with respect to SiO2, atomic-level control of the amount of SiN etching, and isotropic etched features. On the other hand, the anisotropic cyclic etching with Ar+ ion bombardment uses a microwave electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma etching apparatus. The anisotropic process for poly Si is composed of cyclic repetitions of chlorine adsorption and Ar+ ion bombardment. The anisotropic process for SiN is composed of cyclic repetitions involving an adsorption step using hydrofluorocarbon chemistry and a desorption step using Ar+ ion bombardment. Potential applications of these isotropic/anisotropic cyclic etching processes are described.
Semi‐polar nitride surfaces and heterostructures (2010)

Abstract This paper reviews semi‐polar GaN surfaces, of interest for light emitting devices, from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Theoretical results on polarization charges at InGaN/GaN heterointerfaces and In incorporation into InGaN films are presented for polar (0001), semi‐polar (11 2 2) and non‐polar (1 1 00) surfaces. Specific features of semi‐polar InGaN/GaN structures are emphasized which can be beneficial for improving optical and transport properties of quantum‐well‐based light emitting devices. The analysis favours semi‐polar surfaces such as the (11 2 2) surface as growth plane for long‐wavelength light emitters. Therefore, the experimental sections emphasize progress towards long‐wavelength LEDs and lasers by growth of InGaN/AlGaN/GaN(11 2 2) heterostructures on large‐area GaN(11 2 2)/m‐sapphire templates. The current status of such templates as grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy is presented. The implementation of an epitaxial lateral overgrowth method on such templates to improve device performances is demonstrated.
Rapid analytical characterization of high-throughput chemistry screens utilizing desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2019)

Application of high-speed DESI-MS analysis for the identification of optimal reaction conditions through high-throughput experimentation screening.
Artificial intelligence-enabled detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation from normal sinus ECGs in patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction (2020)

Abstract Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms enabled the detection of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) from a single normal sinus rhythm (NSR) ECG. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a precursor for coronary artery disease, which is a known risk factor for AF. Purpose The aim of this study is to examine the probability of PAF, according to AI-enabled algorithm estimation, in patients with CMD. Methods 1858 patients without persistent atrial fibrillation with signs and/or symptoms of ischemia and with non-obstructive CAD (&amp;lt;40% stenosis) who underwent invasive coronary microvascular functional assessment and the ECG closest to the functional assessment were included in this analysis. Patients with coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) &amp;lt;2 in response to adenosine were labelled as endothelial-independent CMD; % increase in coronary blood flow (%ΔCBF) &amp;lt;50% in response to acetylcholine were labelled as endothelial-dependent CMD. Patients were categorized into 4 groups. G1: Normal (NL) CFR/NL %ΔCBF; G2: Abnormal (ABN) %ΔCBF only; G3: ABN CFR only; G4: ABL CFR &amp; %ΔCBF. The probability of having PAF (%probAF) was calculated by a previously-trained and validated AI algorithm. AF Flag = %probAF &amp;gt;9%; which is a pre-set cut-off found to have the highest accuracy of identifying patients with PAF (Area Under the Curve = 0.87). Results Mean age for patients was 51.2±12.4 and 66.3% were females. 835 (45%) were in G1, 39 (2%) in G2, 911 (49%) in G3, and 73 (4%) in G4. Compared to G1 and G2, G3 and G4 were older, had more diabetes and higher smoking rates (p&amp;lt;0.05 for all). Furthermore, G4 had a significantly higher %probAF compared to other groups (Fig. 1). G4 were also more likely to be flagged by the algorithm as having PAF, even after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, with an odds ratio of 1.9 [CI 95% 1.1–3.3; p=0.03]) (Fig. 2). Conclusion Patients with combined CMD have a significantly higher probability of having PAF based on an AI-enabled algorithm. Further research is warranted to know if patients with CMD would benefit from formal AF screening at the time of diagnosis. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
Epidemiology of Acute Renal Failure in ICUs: A Multi-Center Prospective Study (2009)

AKI involves a large number of patients in Greek ICUs and is associated with adverse outcomes.
Magnesium Deficiency Produces Spasms of Coronary Arteries: Relationship to Etiology of Sudden Death Ischemic Heart Disease (1980)

Isolated coronary arteries from dogs were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate isolation and exposed to normal, high, and low concentrations of magnesium in the medium. Sudden withdrawal of magnesium from the medium increased whereas high concentrations of magnesium decreased the basal tension of the arteries. The absence of magnesium in the medium significantly potentiated the contractile responses of both small and large coronary arteries to norepinephrine, acetylcholine, serotonin, angiotensin, and potassium. These data support the hypothesis that magnesium deficiency, associated with sudden death ischemic heart disease, produces coronary arterial spasm.
Optimization of Novel Antagonists to the Neurokinin-3 Receptor for the Treatment of Sex-Hormone Disorders (Part II) (2015)

Further lead optimization on N-acyl-triazolopiperazine antagonists to the neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) based on the concurrent improvement in bioactivity and ligand lipophilic efficiency (LLE) is reported. Overall, compound 3 (LLE > 6) emerged as the most efficacious in castrated rat and monkey to lower plasma LH, and it displayed the best off-target safety profile that led to its clinical candidate nomination for the treatment of sex-hormone disorders.