gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Computation of A Posteriori Bit Likelihood Ratios in Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2021)

This paper presents a novel strategy to decentralize the soft detection procedure in an uplink cell-free massive multiple-input-multiple-output network. We propose efficient approaches to compute the a posteriori probability-per-bit, exactly or approximately, when having a sequential fronthaul. More precisely, each access point (AP) in the network computes partial sufficient statistics locally, fuses it with received partial statistics from another AP, and then forward the result to the next AP. Once the sufficient statistics reach the central processing unit, it performs the soft demodulation by computing the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) per bit, and then a channel decoding algorithm (e.g., a Turbo decoder) is utilized to decode the bits. We derive the distributed computation of LLR analytically.
Quantitative and Fast Sterility Assurance Testing of Surfaces by Enumeration of Germinable Endospores (2020)

Abstract A fast Endospore Germinability Assay (EGA) was validated with traditional plate counts to enumerate single endospore germination events for monitoring surface sterilization. The assay is based on a time-gated luminescence microscopy technique enabling visualization and enumeration of individual germinating endospores. Germinating endospores release calcium dipicolinate to form highly luminescent terbium dipicolinate complexes surrounding each germinating endospore. EGA and heterotrophic plate counting (HPC) were used to evaluate the swab/rinse recovery efficiency of endospores from stainless steel surfaces. EGA and HPC results were highly correlated for endospore recovery from stainless steel coupons inoculated with range of 1,000 endospores per coupon down to sterility. Dosage-dependent decrease of surface endospore germinability were observed in dry heat, UV irradiation, oxygen plasma and vaporized hydrogen peroxide treatments, measured with EGA and HPC. EGA is a fast and complementary method to traditional HPC for quantitative sterility assurance testing of surfaces. This work introduces and validates a 15-minute or faster assay for germinable endospores to complement the conventional lengthy, culture-based surface sterility validation, which is critical in hospitals, food and pharmaceutical industries to help minimize nosocomial infection, food spoilage, and pharmaceutical contamination.
The Effect of Pumping in a Vertically Vibrating Pipe : Experimental Study on Flow Mechanism in a Pump (1991)

Research was carried out on the pumping effect of a vibrating pipe system. Measurements were made on the relative displacement of the vibrating pipe and the valve, and the pressure and flow rate in the pumping system. Relevant time historical data are compared and details on the hydrodynamic mechanism of the pumping effect are discussed in this report. Analysis on the fundamental pumping energy for investigating the energy conversion between the vibrating pipe and fluid was also carried out and these results are introduced as well.
Scaling Trends for Picojoule-per-Bit WDM Photonic Interconnects in CMOS SOI and FinFET Processes (2016)

This paper presents a link analysis for optical interconnects based on CMOS scaling toward FinFET devices. An on-chip wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) link is modeled assuming silicon photonic ring modulators, WDM multiplexers and demultiplexers, and photodetectors. A high-speed CMOS transceiver is designed and evaluated using 28-nm FD-SOI and 14-nm FinFET processes. Compared to 28-nm FD-SOI, the 14-nm FinFET offers higher intrinsic gain and allows for 50% higher transconductance per drain current suggesting more energy-efficient circuit design. Cosimulation of the photonic and electronic devices demonstrates an optimum energy efficiency of ~ 2 pJ/b at 25 Gb/s for a bit-error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> including laser and ring tuning power.
Conjugation of hydrophobic moieties enhances potency of antisense oligonucleotides in the muscle of rodents and non-human primates (2019)

We determined the effect of attaching palmitate, tocopherol or cholesterol to PS ASOs and their effects on plasma protein binding and on enhancing ASO potency in the muscle of rodents and monkeys. We found that cholesterol ASO conjugates showed 5-fold potency enhancement in the muscle of rodents relative to unconjugated ASOs. However, they were toxic in mice and as a result were not evaluated in the monkey. In contrast, palmitate and tocopherol-conjugated ASOs showed enhanced potency in the skeletal muscle of rodents and modest enhancements in potency in the monkey. Analysis of the plasma-protein binding profiles of the ASO-conjugates by size-exclusion chromatography revealed distinct and species-specific differences in their association with plasma proteins which likely rationalizes their behavior in animals. Overall, our data suggest that modulating binding to plasma proteins can influence ASO activity and distribution to extra-hepatic tissues in a species-dependent manner and sets the stage to identify other strategies to enhance ASO potency in muscle tissues.
Purification and partial amino acid sequence of a mu opioid receptor from rat brain. (1993)

A rat brain opioid receptor protein was isolated by binding [epsilon-biotinyl-Lys32] beta-endorphin to membranes, solubilizing the receptor-ligand (R.L) complex with deoxycholate-lysophosphatidylcholine and purifying on immobilized streptavidin and wheat germ agglutinin. The purified glycoprotein had a molecular mass of 60-70 kDa. Recovery of this protein was blocked by the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone and the highly mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Glyol5]-enkephalin but not by the highly delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,4'-Cl-Phe4,D-Pen5]enkephalin when these compounds were added as competitors at the binding step. The 60-70-kDa receptor protein co-purified through the streptavidin column with 40-kDa protein recognized by anti-Gi alpha antibodies. GTP and Na+ influenced dissociation of the solubilized R.125I-L complex and elution of the receptor and G protein from streptavidin in fashions consistent with the pharmacology of mu-opioid receptors. A 23-amino acid residue sequence from the purified receptor differs at 4 positions from a similar sequence in the murine delta-opioid receptor and is encoded within a novel rat brain cDNA isolated by polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotide primers related to the murine delta-opioid receptor gene.
Effect of the Antimicrobial Peptide,d-Hecate, on Trichomonads (2000)

Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis are protozoan parasites that cause sexually transmitted diseases in cattle and humans, respectively. There is a need for new antimicrobial agents to treat or prevent trichomoniasis because there are currently no approved chemotherapeutic agents against T. foetus and resistance of T. vaginalis to metronidazole does occur. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide, D-hecate, on the viability of 6 isolates of T. foetus and T. vaginalis in vitro. Tritrichomonas foetus and T. vaginalis were grown to mid log phase (24 hr) or late log/stationary phase (48 hr). Parasites at 10(6)/ml were mixed with equal volumes of D-hecate to final concentrations of 10 microM, 20 microM. and 40 microM of D-hecate. Controls had minimal essential medium (MEM) alone. The numbers of viable parasites were determined microscopically after 10, 20, and 30 min of incubation at 37 C with D-hecate or MEM. Our results show that D-hecate killed all 6 isolates of T. foetus and T. vaginalis evaluated. The killing effect was dependent on the concentration of the peptide, incubation time, and phase of growth of the parasites. Ultrastructural studies of parasites treated with 10 microM of D-hecate revealed extensive damage to the plasma membrane of most T. foetus and T. vaginalis cells, while a few cells were distorted but remained intact. D-Hecate may be a useful chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of trichomoniasis.
Study of Ce-Doping on Optical, Morphological, Magnetic, Structural and Antibacterial Properties of NiCr 2 O 4 Ceramics (2021)

The rare earth metal doping in metal oxides semiconductor taken into account as an efficient approach for enhancing structural activity due to its benefit in adjusting optical properties and easing charge carrier recombination. The crystal structure, optical, magnetic, and antibacterial properties of the samples were extensively analyzed as a function of Ce-substituted NiCr2O4 material. As the Ce concentration increases, the size of the nanoparticles decreases from ∼33 to 22nnm. The undoped NiCr2O4 and Ce doped NiCr2O4 materials improves the local disruption at both the octahedral and tetrahedral sub lattices. In the present work, the results indicate that the substitution of Ce ion into nickel chromite particles, which strongly affects the magnetic, optical, crystal structure, particle diameter and microstructure, and also enhances antibacterial properties.
Quantum Serial Turbo Codes (2009)

In this paper, we present a theory of quantum serial turbo codes, describe their iterative decoding algorithm, and study their performances numerically on a depolarization channel. Our construction offers several advantages over quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. First, the Tanner graph used for decoding is free of 4-cycles that deteriorate the performances of iterative decoding. Second, the iterative decoder makes explicit use of the code's degeneracy. Finally, there is complete freedom in the code design in terms of length, rate, memory size, and interleaver choice. We define a quantum analogue of a state diagram that provides an efficient way to verify the properties of a quantum convolutional code, and in particular, its recursiveness and the presence of catastrophic error propagation. We prove that all recursive quantum convolutional encoders have catastrophic error propagation. In our constructions, the convolutional codes have thus been chosen to be noncatastrophic and nonrecursive. While the resulting families of turbo codes have bounded minimum distance, from a pragmatic point of view, the effective minimum distances of the codes that we have simulated are large enough not to degrade the iterative decoding performance up to reasonable word error rates and block sizes. With well-chosen constituent convolutional codes, we observe an important reduction of the word error rate as the code length increases.
One‐Pot Palladium‐Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen Synthesis of Thioethers (2013)

Palladium on magnesium oxide is able to allow a one-pot reaction to synthesize thioethers from thiols and aldehydes formed in situ from the respective alcohol by means of a borrowing hydrogen method. The reaction is initiated by dehydrogenation of the alcohol to give a palladium hydride intermediate and an aldehyde. The latter reacts with a thiol involving most probably the intermediacy of a thionium ion RCH=S(+)R, which can be reduced in situ by the metal hydride to afford thioethers.
SOFTWARE SIMULATION STUDY FOR REVERSE TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHOPLASTY: HOW TO MAXIMISE RANGE OF MOTION WITH OPTIMAL IMPLANT CHOICE AND POSITIONING (2018)

Introduction Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (rTSA) is an efficient treatment, to relieve from pain and to increase function. However, scapular notching remains a serious issue and post-operati...
Abstract 4502: Molecular impact of in vitro exposure to electronic cigarette vapor in human bronchial epithelium (2016)

Abstract Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are an emerging alternative tobacco product thought by some to potentially be safer than traditional tobacco cigarettes (TCIGs). Despite the increasing prevalence of ECIG use, few studies have evaluated the potential physiological effects of ECIG exposure. In this study we aimed to determine the global gene expression effects of ECIG exposure on bronchial epithelium in vitro. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) grown at Air Liquid Interface (ALI) were exposed to TCIG smoke and ECIG vapor derived from tobacco or menthol flavored products with and without nicotine. We identified a number of gene expression alterations that were induced by both ECIG and TCIG exposure as well as a novel set of changes uniquely induced by ECIG exposure. ECIG exposure induced the expression of genes involved in oxidative and xenobiotic stress pathways and increased the production of reactive oxygen species, similar to, but generally lower in magnitude than, the effects of TCIGs. Furthermore, TCIG and ECIG exposure both decreased the expression of genes involved in cilia assembly and movement, suggesting that the integrity of the bronchial epithelium is concordantly impaired by both exposures. We additionally identified a number of ECIG-specific cell cycle and cell division pathway changes. Finally, we observed that ECIG-induced changes were dependent on both flavor and nicotine content. Together, these results indicate that ECIG vapor can induce cellular stress and molecular alterations within airway epithelium that share similarities with the effects of TCIG smoke. Based on these findings, further studies are warranted to determine whether ECIG use will lead to similar deleterious health outcomes as those caused by TCIGs. Citation Format: Elizabeth Moses, Teresa Wang, George R. Jackson, Sean Corbett, Eduard Drizik, Daniel Brooks, George O’Connor, Catalina Perdomo, Steven Dubinett, Patrick Hayden, Marc E. Lenburg, Avrum Spira. Molecular impact of in vitro exposure to electronic cigarette vapor in human bronchial epithelium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4502.
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Tandem Ring‐Opening/Ring‐Closing Strategy for the Heterocyclic Conversion of Benzoxazin‐4‐ones to Oxazolines. (2016)

Abstract The title strategy features good to excellent reaction yields and mild reaction conditions.
An Avian H7N1 Gain-of-Function Experiment of Great Concern (2014)

Inappropriately named gain-of-function influenza research seeks to confer airborne transmission on avian influenza A viruses that otherwise cause only dead-end infections in humans. A recent study has succeeded in doing this with a highly pathogenic ostrich H7N1 virus in a ferret model without loss of virulence. If transposable to humans, this would constitute a novel virus with a case fatality rate ~30 greater than that of Spanish flu. A commentary from three distinguished virologists considered the benefits of this work to outweigh potential risks. I beg to disagree with conclusions in both papers, for the underlying science is not as strong as it appears.
Contextual Prediction of Communication Flow in Social Networks (2007)

The paper develops a novel computational framework for predicting communication flow in social networks based on several contextual features. The problem is important because prediction of communication flow can impact timely sharing of specific information across a wide array of communities. We determine the intent to communicate and communication delay between users based on several contextual features in a social network corresponding to (a) neighborhood context, (b) topic context and (c) recipient context. The intent to communicate and communication delay are modeled as regression problems which are efficiently estimated using Support Vector Regression. We predict the intent and the delay, on an interval of time using past communication data. We have excellent prediction results on a real-world dataset from MySpace.com with an accuracy of 13-16%. We show that the intent to communicate is more significantly influenced by contextual factors compared to the delay.
Fully cryogenic phased array camera prototype (2014)

Motivation: The “New Worlds, New Horizons”, 2010 Astronomy Decadal Survey stated that the pursue of phased array technologies to gain full access of the instantaneous field of view (FOV) of a telescope optics, will enable gains in mapping speed of orders of magnitude in current and future radio telescopes. To realize this goal, we have developed a fully cryogenically cooled 19-element, dual polarized, phased array prototype camera for the Arecibo radio telescope that works at L-Band (1.2 to 1.7 GHz). One key aspect of the design is a 70cm diameter vacuum window consisting of a Kapton membrane supported by radio-transparent foam capable of withstanding loads in excess of 200 psi. In order to support the ~5 tons of atmospheric pressure on the window, without having unreasonably high thermal loads, a detailed structural and thermal analysis and simulation was performed, resulting in a trade-off between structural and thermal loads in the cryostat design.
Propozycje postępowania z chorymi na nowotwory krwi, którzy przechodzą spod opieki hematologów pediatrycznych pod opiekę hematologów internistycznych (2017)

Patients cured from hematological malignancies should be subject to long-life routine medical supervision. Patients who did not complete their therapy during childhood require further therapy when reaching adulthood (18 years). Determination of guidelines and suggestions on proceeding with pediatric patients with hematological malignancies undergoing transition to adult hematology centers, with respect to Polish conditions of national medical health-care system. Panel of experts in the field of pediatric and adult hematology analyzed current situation in Polish pediatric and adult hematology centers and reviewed the literature on transition process of minor patients from pediatric to adult setting. Factors determining problems of patient transition and models of care of patient in pediatric and adult hematology settings were analyzed. Existing models of transition in Poland as well as experience from international models were presented: model of direct transition, model of adolescence medicine, sequential model and consultation model. Suggestions of changes facilitating process of patient transition, and guidelines on proceeding with patients with respect to diagnosis of malignancy and phase of oncological therapy were presented, involving cooperation of pediatric and adult centers, specialists in pediatric hematology and adult hematology, as well as the payer and scientific societies. Process of transition of patients requires coordination and cooperation, preferably at the level of medical institutions. This should ensure optimal medical care to patients cured from malignancy and facilitate long-term medical supervision and gathering data on treatment efficacy and side effects.
Multiexpandable cage for minimally invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion (2016)

The increasing adoption of minimally invasive techniques for spine surgery in recent years has led to significant advancements in instrumentation for lumbar interbody fusion. Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is now a mature technology, but the role of expandable cages is still evolving. The capability to deliver a multiexpandable interbody cage with a large footprint through a narrow surgical cannula represents a significant advancement in spinal surgery technology. The purpose of this report is to describe a multiexpandable lumbar interbody fusion cage, including implant characteristics, intended use, surgical technique, preclinical testing, and early clinical experience. Results to date suggest that the multiexpandable cage allows a less invasive approach to posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery by minimizing iatrogenic risks associated with static or vertically expanding interbody prostheses while providing immediate vertebral height restoration, restoration of anatomic alignment, and excellent early-term clinical results.
Differential optical imaging using inhaled gases (2006)

We show how inhalation of oxygen and carbon dioxide elicits contrast from changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. This method holds good promise for cancer detection.
Dynamics of Coronavirus Replication-Transcription Complexes (2009)

Coronaviruses induce in infected cells the formation of double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) in which the replication-transcription complexes (RTCs) are anchored. To study the dynamics of these coronavirus replicative structures, we generated recombinant murine hepatitis coronaviruses that express tagged versions of the nonstructural protein nsp2. We demonstrated by using immunofluorescence assays and electron microscopy that this protein is recruited to the DMV-anchored RTCs, for which its C terminus is essential. Live-cell imaging of infected cells demonstrated that small nsp2-positive structures move through the cytoplasm in a microtubule-dependent manner. In contrast, large fluorescent structures are rather immobile. Microtubule-mediated transport of DMVs, however, is not required for efficient replication. Biochemical analyses indicated that the nsp2 protein is associated with the cytoplasmic side of the DMVs. Yet, no recovery of fluorescence was observed when (part of) the nsp2-positive foci were bleached. This result was confirmed by the observation that preexisting RTCs did not exchange fluorescence after fusion of cells expressing either a green or a red fluorescent nsp2. Apparently, nsp2, once recruited to the RTCs, is not exchanged with nsp2 present in the cytoplasm or at other DMVs. Our data show a remarkable resemblance to results obtained recently by others with hepatitis C virus. The observations point to intriguing and as yet unrecognized similarities between the RTC dynamics of different plus-strand RNA viruses.
A Four-Gene Promoter Methylation Marker Panel Consisting of GREM1, NEURL, LAD1, and NEFH Predicts Survival of Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer Patients (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> The currently used prognostic models for patients with nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are based on clinicopathologic features and might be improved by adding molecular markers. Epigenetic alterations occur frequently in ccRCC and are promising biomarkers. The aim of this study is to identify prognostic promoter methylation markers for ccRCC.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We integrated data generated by massive parallel sequencing of methyl-binding domain enriched DNA and microarray-based RNA expression profiling of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-treated ccRCC cell lines to comprehensively characterize the ccRCC methylome. A selection of the identified methylation markers was evaluated in two independent series of primary ccRCC (<i>n</i> = 150 and <i>n</i> = 185) by methylation-specific PCR. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to estimate cause-specific survival. HRs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. To assess the predictive capacity and fit of models combining several methylation markers, Harrell<i>C</i> statistic and the Akaike Information Criterion were used.<b>Results:</b> We identified four methylation markers, that is, <i>GREM1, NEURL, LAD1,</i> and <i>NEFH</i>, that individually predicted prognosis of patients with ccRCC. The four markers combined were associated with poorer survival in two independent patient series (HR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.02-13.00 and HR, 7.54; 95% CI, 2.68-21.19). These findings were confirmed in a third series of ccRCC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (HR, 3.60; 95% CI, 2.02-6.40).<b>Conclusions:</b> A four-gene promoter methylation marker panel consisting of <i>GREM1, NEURL, LAD1,</i> and <i>NEFH</i> predicts outcome of patients with ccRCC and might be used to improve current prognostic models. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2006-18. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Heap-filter merge join: a new algorithm for joining medium-size inputs (1991)

A novel algorithm for relational equijoin is presented. The algorithm is a modification of merge join, but promises superior performance for medium-size inputs. In many cases it even compares favorably with both merge join and hybrid hash join, which is shown using analytic cost functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>