gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The determinants of species richness of a relatively young coral‐reef ichthyofauna (2006)

Abstract Aim Unique topographic features left the Red Sea and its north‐eastern extension into the Gulf of Aqaba practically devoid of coral‐reef‐based organisms during the last glacial maximum. The current ichthyofauna in these two ‘regions’ thus represents the product of relatively recent colonization by species found in the Arabian Sea, which adjoins the Red Sea at its southern tip. We used this system to test why some marine species seemingly fail to extend their geographic range, thereby generating spatial heterogeneity in biodiversity. Location The Arabian Sea, Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aqaba. Methods A list of coral‐reef‐associated fish species, belonging to the 10 most speciose families, was compiled for each region using published sources. The data were analysed (major axis regression, randomization tests) for taxonomic and body‐size‐dependent biases in colonization probabilities. A simple probabilistic model was used to examine the potential contribution of local (within‐region) extinctions to determining species composition in the Red Sea. Results Of the 462 reef‐associated species that inhabit the Arabian Sea, 69% have crossed successfully into the Red Sea; of these, 55% have crossed into the Gulf of Aqaba. A species’ probability of being found in either ‘target’ was independent of presumed innate differences, i.e. ecological correlates of taxonomic affiliation and body size. Similarly, local extinctions were found unlikely to have been of consequence over the past several thousand years. Main conclusions Present‐day differences in the species richness of reef‐associated fish species among the Arabian Sea, Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba appear to be the product of external, non‐selective constraints on colonization. The random nature of the colonization process is suggestive of ecological redundancy among coral‐reef fish species. Importantly, the study places a time frame on the processes that determine spatial patterns of biodiversity in reef fish.
Selective Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Variants from Mothers to Infants (1992)

Multiple human immunodeficiency virus type-1 sequences from the V3 and V4-V5 regions of the envelope gene were analyzed from three mother-infant pairs. The infants' viral sequences were less diverse than those of their mothers. In two pairs, a proviral form infrequently found in the mother predominated in her infant. A conserved N-linked glycosylation site within the V3 region, present in each mother's sequence set, was absent in all of the infants' sequence sets. These findings demonstrate that a minor subset of maternal virus is transmitted to the infant.
Role of Interface between Ferrite and Martensite in Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Ultra-high Strength Dual-phase Steel Sheets (2019)

The effects of interfacial conditions between the ferrite and martensite phases of an ultra-high strength dual phase (DP) steel sheet on its hydrogen embrittlement behavior has been investigated by a sustained tensile-loading test using as-quenched DP steel and tempered DP steel specimens. The yield ratio (yield stress/tensile strength) of the as-quenched DP steel is lower than that of the tempered DP steel. In the hydrogen thermal desorption analysis, the second desorption peak disappeared and the amount of absorbed hydrogen is decreased by tempering. Under the same applied stress in the sustained tensile-loading test, the time to fracture shows no significant difference between the two steels, but the critical applied stress for fracture is increased by tempering. A quasi-cleavage fracture occurs at the fracture initiation site of both steels. On the cross section near the fracture surface, many cracks nucleate in blocks or packets in martensite and the interface between prior austenite grains, but no cracks is observed in ferrite grains. Under applied stress higher than the yield stress of the as-quenched DP steel, fracture occurs in a short time. A unique intergranular-like morphology is observed at the fracture initiation area, and the crack propagates in blocks or packets in martensite or along the interface between the ferrite and martensite phases while avoiding ferrite grains. Early fracture is inhibited by tempering. When excessive plastic deformation is applied before the sustained tensile-loading test, the time to fracture and critical applied stress of the as-quenched DP steel decreased slightly. The results of the present study indicate that the interfacial conditions between ferrite and martensite play important roles in crack propagation associated with hydrogen embrittlement of the DP steel.
Site-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition at Thermally Generated Surface Oxygen Vacancies on Rutile TiO2 (2023)

Unique atomic arrangements (i.e., defects) on material surfaces may exhibit distinctive reactivity that affords opportunities for selective surface chemistry exclusively at those sites. While theoretically appealing, site-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes remain largely unrealized experimentally. We provide evidence for site-selective ALD that exclusively targets oxygen vacancies thermally generated at the surface of TiO2 single crystals. High-resolution in situ ellipsometry reveals the nucleation behavior of dimethylaluminum isopropoxide (DMAI) and water at process conditions precisely tuned for selective hydroxylation of surface defects. An island growth model for nucleation and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging are consistent with a site-selective growth mechanism that depends on the surface oxygen vacancy density. This approach to direct ALD reactions at defective surface sites may provide future opportunities for targeted remediation of electronically imperfect interfaces.
Dexamethasone increases glucose cycling, but not glucose production, in healthy subjects (1990)

We established that measurement of glucose fluxes through glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase; hepatic total glucose output, HTGO), glucose cycling (GC), and glucose production (HGP), reveals early diabetogenic changes in liver metabolism. To elucidate the mechanism of the diabetogenic effect of glucocorticoids, we treated eight healthy subjects with oral dexamethasone (DEX; 15 mg over 48 h) and measured HTGO with [2-3H]glucose and HGP with [6-3H]glucose postabsorptively and during a 2-h glucose infusion (11.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1). [2-3H]- minus [6-3H]glucose equals GC. DEX significantly increased plasma glucose, insulin, C peptide, and HTGO, while HGP was unchanged. In controls and DEX, glucose infusion suppressed HTGO (82 vs. 78%) and HGP (87 vs. 91%). DEX increased GC postabsorptively (three-fold) P less than 0.005 and during glucose infusion (P less than 0.05) but decreased metabolic clearance and glucose uptake (Rd), which eventually normalized, however. Because DEX increased HTGO (G-6-Pase) and not HGP (glycogenolysis + gluconeogenesis), we assume that DEX increases HTGO and GC in humans by activating G-6-Pase directly, rather than by expanding the glucose 6-phosphate pool. Hyperglycemia caused by peripheral effects of DEX can also contribute to an increase in GC by activating glucokinase. Therefore, measurement of glucose fluxes through G-6-Pase and GC revealed significant early effects of DEX on hepatic glucose metabolism, which are not yet reflected in HGP.
Identification of loci associated with putative recurrence genes in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (2002)

Following an earlier study linking monosomy 9 with recurrence of transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of the urinary bladder, 109 primary and recurrent TCCs (from 47 patients) were examined to explore genetic alterations at chromosome 9 associated with recurrence. Patient DNA was microdissected and extracted from archival tissue sections and analysed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at three regions on chromosome 9 where tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) are known to reside (INK 4A, DBC1, and TSC1). Patients were categorized into two groups, non-recurrent TCC (NR, n=18) and recurrent TCC (REC, n=29). It was noted that 12% of NR tumours, compared with 54% of REC primary tumours (p=0.01), had LOH at all informative markers spanning the TSC1 region. The risk of recurrence was significantly higher in patients with deleted TSC1 than in those who retained the TSC1 region (p=0.035). Levels of LOH at DBC1 or INK 4A were not significantly different in NR tumours than in REC primary tumours and recurrence-free survival was not affected by loss of either of these genes. Loss of all informative markers spanning chromosome 9 was observed in 0% of NR tumours compared with 25% of REC primary tumours (p=0.04). The probability of recurrence was also significantly increased in patients who had LOH at all informative markers spanning chromosome 9 (p=0.016), confirming earlier fluorescence in situ hybridization results. This study provides further evidence that recurrence in bladder cancer is a distinct event, with underlying molecular causes. It also identifies the TSC1 locus as a candidate for a TSG, which drives recurrence in a proportion of TCC patients. Loss of all informative markers, including those residing in the TSC1 region, spanning chromosome 9 was also linked to recurrence.
Synthesis and investigation of the 5-formylcytidine modified, anticodon stem and loop of the human mitochondrial tRNAMet (2008)

Human mitochondrial methionine transfer RNA (hmtRNA(Met)(CAU)) has a unique post-transcriptional modification, 5-formylcytidine, at the wobble position-34 (f(5)C(34)). The role of this modification in (hmtRNA(Met)(CAU)) for the decoding of AUA, as well as AUG, in both the peptidyl- and aminoacyl-sites of the ribosome in either chain initiation or chain elongation is still unknown. We report the first synthesis and analyses of the tRNA's anticodon stem and loop domain containing the 5-formylcytidine modification. The modification contributes to the tRNA's anticodon domain structure, thermodynamic properties and its ability to bind codons AUA and AUG in translational initiation and elongation.
First realization of a tracking detector for high energy physics experiments based on Josephson digital readout circuitry (1999)

We have designed and realized a prototype of a high energy particle microstrip detector with Josephson readout circuits. The key features of this device are: minimum ionizing particle sensitivity, due to the use of semiconductive sensors, fast speed and radiation hardness, due to the use of superconductive circuitry, and current discrimination, which allows the use of several types of semiconductors as detector (Si, GaAs, CVD-diamond) without loss in performances. The Josephson circuitry, made by a combination of RSFQ and latching logic gates, realizes an 8-bit current discriminator and parallel to serial converter and can be directly interfaced to room temperature electronics. This device, which is designed for application as vertex detector for the Compass and LHC-B accelerator experiments, has been tested with small radioactive sources acid will undergo to a test beam at the CERN SPS facility with 24 GeV/c protons. Current results and future perspectives will be reported.
Main Hydrogen Production Processes: An Overview (2021)

Due to its characteristics, hydrogen is considered the energy carrier of the future. Its use as a fuel generates reduced pollution, as if burned it almost exclusively produces water vapor. Hydrogen can be produced from numerous sources, both of fossil and renewable origin, and with as many production processes, which can use renewable or non-renewable energy sources. To achieve carbon neutrality, the sources must necessarily be renewable, and the production processes themselves must use renewable energy sources. In this review article the main characteristics of the most used hydrogen production methods are summarized, mainly focusing on renewable feedstocks, furthermore a series of relevant articles published in the last year, are reviewed. The production methods are grouped according to the type of energy they use; and at the end of each section the strengths and limitations of the processes are highlighted. The conclusions compare the main characteristics of the production processes studied and contextualize their possible use.
ER-residential Nogo-B accelerates NAFLD-associated HCC mediated by metabolic reprogramming of oxLDL lipophagy (2019)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome that elevates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although alteration of lipid metabolism has been increasingly recognized as a hallmark of cancer cells, the deregulated metabolic modulation of HCC cells in the NAFLD progression remains obscure. Here, we discovers an endoplasmic reticulum-residential protein, Nogo-B, as a highly expressed metabolic modulator in both murine and human NAFLD-associated HCCs, which accelerates high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic dysfunction and tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, CD36-mediated oxLDL uptake triggers CEBPβ expression to directly upregulate Nogo-B, which interacts with ATG5 to promote lipophagy leading to lysophosphatidic acid-enhanced YAP oncogenic activity. This CD36-Nogo-B-YAP pathway consequently reprograms oxLDL metabolism and induces carcinogenetic signaling for NAFLD-associated HCCs. Targeting the Nogo-B pathway may represent a therapeutic strategy for HCC arising from the metabolic syndrome.
Extraordinary disordered hyperuniform multifunctional composites (2022)

A variety of performance demands are being placed on material systems, including desirable mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, acoustic and flow properties. The purpose of the present article is to review the emerging field of disordered hyperuniform composites and their novel multifunctional characteristics. Disordered hyperuniform media are exotic amorphous states of matter that are characterized by an anomalous suppression of large-scale volume-fraction fluctuations compared to those in “garden-variety” disordered materials. Such unusual composites can have advantages over their periodic counterparts, such as unique or nearly optimal, direction-independent physical properties and robustness against defects. It will be shown that disordered hyperuniform composites and porous media can be endowed with a broad spectrum of extraordinary physical properties, including photonic, phononic, transport, chemical and mechanical characteristics that are only beginning to be discovered.
A waveform-based power estimator for variable power loads (2011)

This paper proposes a method to derive an estimator that predicts the power consumption of variable power loads from a subset of higher current harmonics without requiring a full analysis of the internal circuit of the load. The method exploits structural features of the current waveforms consumed by the load to develop the estimator. The computation involves Gaussian elimination of a cyclotomic field representation to compute the estimator coefficients, avoiding floating-point computational error. Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm can derive estimators that can extract the power consumption of variable speed drives, computers, or light dimmers from fixed power loads in aggregate measurements.
Experience of Risk-reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy for a BRCA1 Mutation Carrier and Establishment of a System Performing a Preventive Surgery for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome in Japan: Our Challenges for the Future (2013)

Recent treatment guidelines for breast cancer in Japan recommended risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy should be performed in the framework of the standard therapeutic modality for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the near future.
Measurement Properties of the Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work: A Rasch Analysis. (2017)

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the Nordic Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work (QPS Nordic) and the domains of demand, control and support. The Rasch analysis (RUMM 2030) was based on responses from 226 subjects with back pain who completed the QPS Nordic dimensions of demand, control, and social support (30 items) at one year follow up. The Rasch analysis revealed disordered thresholds in a total of 25 of the 30 items. The domains of demand, control and support fit the Rasch model when analyzed separately. The demand domain was well targeted, whereas patients with current neck and back pain had lower control and higher support than reflected by the questions. Two items revealed DIF by gender, otherwise invariance to age, gender, occupation and sick-leave was documented. The demand, control support domains of QPS Nordic comprised unidimensional constructs with adequate measurement properties.
P425: ROLE OF LYSOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED GENE LAPMT4B IN LEUKEMIA (2022)

Background: Despite the efforts to find druggable targets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), successful therapeutic approaches are needed in this disease. Due to the particular characteristics of lysosomes in cancer, the clinical relevance of key lysosomal genes’ expression was searched in public repositories. LAPTM4B gene expression was found to be directly correlated with a worse clinical outcome in AML. Aims: To decipher the role of the lysosome-associated gene LAPTM4B in AML will be the main objective of this study. Methods: Generation of AML cells overexpressing both LAPTM4B isoforms (35kDa -long- and 24kDa -short) were obtained by lentiviral transduction. Sensitivity to chemoresistance was measured by flow cytometry. To determine the role of LAPTM4B in the leukemia regeneration capacity, conditioned NSG mice were transplanted with both LAPTM4B isoforms-expressing AML cells and the engraftment was analysed by flow cytometry. Activation of key secondary messengers was measured by luciferase response elements and Western Blot. Results: LAPTM4B overexpression directly correlated with a higher resistance to cytarabine. LAPTM4B short isoform presented an increased clonogenic potential versus the long isoform. Interestingly, a competitive bone marrow transplantation assay confirmed this effect in terms of in vivo engraftment capacity. Moreover, LAPTM4B-mediated activation was able to induce MAPK signalling in the leukemic cell context. Summary/Conclusion: LAPTM4B overexpression not only increases the regeneration potential but also confers resistance to cytarabine, suggesting an effect in the maintenance of leukemia. In summary, this study will increase the knowledge of the role of lysosomes in leukemogenesis, and additionally, it will help to identify new lysosome-related biomarkers.
A Computational Response Surface Study of Curved-Surface-Curved-Edge Aluminum Hemming Using Solid-to-Shell Mapping (2006)

Hemming is a manufacturing process of folding a panel onto itself or another sheet. Quality of hemming is characterized by geometry and formability. This paper presents a response surface study of 3D curved-surface-curved-edge hemming of an aluminum alloy, AA6111-T4, using finite element analysis. Solid elements and explicit FE solver are used for simulations of flanging, pre- and final hemming, and shell elements with implicit solver are deployed for springback prediction. A novel procedure called “solid to shell mapping” is developed to bridge the solid elements with the shell elements. Verified to be accurate and efficient, the model is utilized in a Central Composite Design to quantitatively explore the relationships between certain key process variables and the hem dimensional quality and formability. The most significant variables are identified as (i) pre-hemming angle on roll-in/roll-out; (ii) nominal surface curvature on sheet springback; (iii) initial sheet strain and flanging die radius on the maximum hemline surface strain of the produced hem. These results provide insights for process parameter selections in designing and optimizing 3D hems under material formability constraints.
T c enhancement under pressure in the La1111 pnictide LaFeAsO 1-x H x (x=0.2) studied by NMR (2017)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements under a pressure of 3.0 GPa were performed for a prototypical iron-based high-Tc superconductor LaFeAsO1-xHx (x=0.2). At ambient pressure, this compound has superconducting (SC) double domes with the Tc minimum of 26 K at x=0.2 in the electronic phase diagram. Pressure application merges the double domes into a single dome, and the Tc minimum at x=0.2 goes up to 45 K, the Tc maximum, at 3.0 GPa. Despite that Tc enhancement under pressure was confirmed from the 75As relaxation rate divided by temperature (T), 1/T1Taround Tc, 1/T1Tat high temperatures was almost the same with that at ambient pressure and hardly showed Cure-Weiss behaviour. These features are also seen for 14% F-doped LaFeAsO1-xFx, suggesting that spin fluctuations are not essential to achieve high Tc over 45 K.
Using Human Factors Research as an Evidence Base (2010)

Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) research is a key source of evidence for universal design. However, the level of knowledge translation from HFE to universal design practice is low, even though the Principles of Universal Design actually are based on HFE knowledge. Several areas of HFE research on functional performance have direct relevance to universal design: anthropometry, biomechanics, perception, and cognition. Knowledge from a relatively new area, emotional design, has the potential to be especially valuable. Many theories, tools, and research findings from HFE can be applied in universal design practice. But there are several barriers to increasing knowledge translation from this field, the most significant being the vast amount of knowledge to assimilate. Three strategies are proposed to overcome this barrier and bring the two fields into closer alignment. They include adoption of a system to conceptualize the range of functional performance problems encountered by people in using the built environment, redefining universal design to make it more directly related to HFE, and conducting systematic reviews to collect and evaluate knowledge that addresses key design questions. Adopting these strategies can not only help in knowledge translation from science to practice but also help HFE research develop an agenda that is more relevant to universal design.
Al-2.78 Molecular Wires (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Extreme Light-Matter Interactions in the Ultrafast Transmission Electron Microscope (2021)

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