gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-chip protection in precision integrated circuits operating at high voltage and high temperature (2016)

A new high voltage swing bipolar ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection device for enabling low leakage precision mixed-signal interface circuits (ICs) operating at high voltage (~ 40 V to 60 V) and high temperature (~125°C to 200°C) is presented. Under these operating conditions, parasitic structures in junction-isolated high voltage process technologies induce unexpected shift in the leakage current over time, leading to malfunction in the precision high voltage input/output interface circuit. A proposed device design addresses the low leakage targets at the mentioned operating conditions, while achieving the required ESD robustness of the high voltage interface for industrial applications.
Fiber laser frequency combs and their control (2005)

Fiber laser-based frequency combs can provide a comb of well defined spectral lines across the near-infrared, including the telecommunication band. We discuss these frequency combs with an emphasis on the mechanisms used to phase-lock the combs.
Characterization of Mo/Si multilayer growth on stepped topographies (2011)

Mo/Si multilayer mirrors with nanoscale bilayer thicknesses have been deposited on stepped substrate topographies, using various deposition angles. The multilayer morphology at the step-edge region was studied by cross section transmission electron microscopy. A transition from a continuous- to columnar layer morphology is observed near the step-edge, as a function of the local angle of incidence of the deposition flux. Taking into account the corresponding kinetics and anisotropy in layer growth, a continuum model has been developed to give a detailed description of the height profiles of the individual continuous layers. Complementary optical characterization of the multilayer system using a microscope operating in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength range, revealed that the influence of the step-edge on the planar multilayer structure is restricted to a region within 300 nm from the step-edge.
Direct characterization of self-guided femtosecond laser filaments in air (2005)

High-power femtosecond laser pulses propagating in air form self-guided filaments that can persist for many meters. Characterizing these filaments has always been challenging owing to their high intensity. An apparently novel diagnostic is used to directly measure the fluence distribution of femtosecond laser pulses after they have formed self-guided optical filaments in air. The diagnostic is unique in that the information contained in the filaments is not lost owing to the interaction with the apparatus. This allows filament characteristics such as energy and size to be unambiguously determined for the first time.
Acute Disruption of the Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc's) Joints in a Ballet Dancer (2000)

A 15-year-old female ballet dancer suffered acute midfoot pain when landing from a jump. Physical examination and imaging studies revealed acute disruption of the tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc's) joints with rupture of Lisfranc's ligament. Fluo-roscopic examination under anesthesia confirmed instability of the first, second, and third tarsometatarsal joints. Treatment included operative open reduction and rigid internal fixation to re-establish stable alignment, and postoperative protection (non-weightbearing) in a bivalved cast. The screws were removed 14 weeks after fixation, and weightbearing and physiotherapy were advanced. Follow-up evaluation at 10 months after initial treatment showed maintenance of stable alignment. The patient had no pain at the tarsometatarsal joints, but there was pain at the metatarsal heads after dance activity. She was able to plié, tendu, and work on demi-pointe, and had achieved her age level of dance, but had not resumed pointe work because of limitation in plantar flexion. Acute tarsometatarsal disruption is rare in young dancers and may be difficult to diagnose. Recognition of this type of injury is important because delay in the diagnosis and treatment may be associated with residual instability and poor prognosis.
Unified Spatial Analytics from Heterogeneous Sources with Amazon Redshift (2020)

Enterprise companies use spatial data for decision optimization and gain new insights regarding the locality of their business and services. Industries rely on efficiently combining spatial and business data from different sources, such as data warehouses, geospatial information systems, transactional systems, and data lakes, where spatial data can be found in structured or unstructured form. In this demonstration we present the spatial functionality of Amazon Redshift and its integration with other Amazon services, such as Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL and Amazon S3. We focus on the design and functionality of the feature, including the extensions in Redshift's state-of-the-art optimizer to push spatial processing close to where the data is stored.
Variational autoencoding tissue response to microenvironment perturbation (2019)

This work applies deep variational autoencoder learning architecture to study multi-cellular growth characteristics of human mammary epithelial cells in response to diverse microenvironment perturbations. Our approach introduces a novel method of visualizing learned feature spaces of trained variational autoencoding models that enables visualization of principal features in two dimensions. We find that unsupervised learned features more closely associate with expert annotation of cell colony organization than biologically-inspired hand-crafted features, demonstrating the utility of deep learning systems to meaningfully characterize features of multi-cellular growth characteristics in a fully unsupervised and data-driven manner.
Thy1-Targeted Microbubbles for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> To engineer a dual human and murine Thy1-binding single-chain-antibody ligand (Thy1-scFv) for contrast microbubble-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).<b>Experimental Design:</b> Thy1-scFv were engineered using yeast-surface-display techniques. Binding to soluble human and murine Thy1 and to Thy1-expressing cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Thy1-scFv was then attached to gas-filled microbubbles to create MB<sub>Thy1-scFv</sub> Thy1 binding of MB<sub>Thy1-scFv</sub> to Thy1-expressing cells was evaluated under flow shear stress conditions in flow-chamber experiments. MB<sub>scFv-scrambled</sub> and MB<sub>Non-targeted</sub> were used as negative controls. All microbubble types were tested in both orthotopic human PDAC xenografts and transgenic PDAC mice <i>in vivo</i><b>Results:</b> Thy1-scFv had a <i>K</i><sub>D</sub> of 3.4 ± 0.36 nmol/L for human and 9.2 ± 1.7 nmol/L for murine Thy1 and showed binding to both soluble and cellularly expressed Thy1. MB<sub>Thy1-scFv</sub> was attached to Thy1 with high affinity compared with negative control microbubbles (<i>P</i> < 0.01) as assessed by flow cytometry. Similarly, flow-chamber studies showed significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) higher binding of MB<sub>Thy1-scFv</sub> (3.0 ± 0.81 MB/cell) to Thy1-expressing cells than MB<sub>scFv-scrambled</sub> (0.57 ± 0.53) and MB<sub>Non-targeted</sub> (0.43 ± 0.53). <i>In vivo</i> ultrasound molecular imaging using MB<sub>Thy1-scFv</sub> demonstrated significantly higher signal (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in both orthotopic (5.32 ± 1.59 a.u.) and transgenic PDAC (5.68 ± 2.5 a.u.) mice compared with chronic pancreatitis (0.84 ± 0.6 a.u.) and normal pancreas (0.67 ± 0.71 a.u.). <i>Ex vivo</i> immunofluorescence confirmed significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) increased Thy1 expression in PDAC compared with chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas tissue.<b>Conclusions:</b> A dual human and murine Thy1-binding scFv was designed to generate contrast microbubbles to allow PDAC detection with ultrasound. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1574-85. ©2018 AACR</i>.
LOW-MAINTENANCE END TREATMENT FOR CONCRETE BARRIERS (1986)

The development of a low-maintenance crash cushion end treatment for concrete barriers is described. Features of the cushion include (a) no sacrificial energy-absorbing elements, (b) sufficient strength to withstand most impacts without damage to any components, (c) width approximately the same as that of the standard concrete safety shaped barrier, and (d) compliance with NCHRP Report 230 safety standards after only minor modifications. Results of six full-scale crash tests on the cushion are described.
On-resin peptide macrocyclization using thiol–ene click chemistry (2010)

A versatile and rapid synthetic strategy has been developed for the on-resin cyclization of peptides using thiol-ene photochemistry. This unique method exploits the thiol group of natural cysteine amino acids and allows for various alkenes to be incorporated orthogonal to the peptide backbone.
Process-based modeling of deepwater depositional systems (2008)

ExxonMobil has developed a process-based forward numerical model for simulating deep-water depositional systems. The model is based on the physics of fluid flow and sediment transport. It replicates most of the important processes found in deep-water depositional systems. This model has been used to simulate East Breaks Basin 4, Gulf of Mexico. An interpreted surface from a high-resolution 3-D seismic survey was depth-restored and used as the initial basal surface. The model’s inlet location for turbidity flow was also interpreted from the seismic. A trial and error approach was used to determine the discharge of the flow as well as the volumetric concentration and the size distribution of the particles in the flow. Simulation results were converted to synthetic&lt;br&gt;seismic and compared with actual seismic from the basin. The comparisons show that the simulated sediment body geometries and stacking patterns closely resemble those observed in the seismic. The study has demonstrated that the forward numerical model is a powerful new geologic modeling tool. Prerequisites for effective modeling include: (1) accurate restoration of basin paleo-topography; (2) realistic flow characteristics including flow discharge and sediment concentration; and (3) estimates of sediment size distribution in the flow. These data are not routinely obtained from subsurface studies, but can be derived through integrated analysis of seismic volumes and well and core control. Including such analysis in the seismic interpretation and reservoir-characterization workflow is essential for the development and application of forward numerical models as next generation Earth models.
High-Capacity 400Gb/s Real-Time Transmission over SCUBA110 Fibers for DCI/Metro/Long-haul Networks (2022)

We demonstrate real-time transmission 23.2 Tb/s (58x400Gb/s) DWDM signals over 1507km of G.654E SCUBA110 fiber using 400ZR+ pluggable coherent transceiver modules, additionally, 26Tb/s (65x400Gb/s) is transmitted over 200km SCUBA110 fiber link using 400ZR pluggable modules.
Exploring Design Space of VLIW Architectures (2006)

Architectures based on very long instruction word (VLIW) have found fertile ground in multimedia electronic appliances thanks to their ability to exploit high degrees of instruction level parallelism (ILP) with a reasonable tradeoff in complexity and silicon costs. Effective compiler support for predicated execution using the hyperblock, drastically increases the ILP even for control-dominated applications in which the branch instruction frequency is very high. The use of these techniques, however, is known to increase the instruction footprint, consequently putting pressure on the memory hierarchy. In this paper, we evaluate the performance/power trade-off in a system comprising a VLIW processor and a two-level hierarchical memory subsystem. Via simulation, we show that the efficiency of a compiler that is able to exploit predicate execution by hyperblock formation is greatly affected by the configuration of the memory subsystem as well as the configurable processor parameters. The enabling or disabling of hyperblock formation should therefore not be evaluated separately or independently, but seen as a further free parameter to be tuned in a strategy of design space exploration.
Projecting Continental U.S. Water Stress Based on Global Datasets (2012)

Human populations may be adversely impacted by water stress, a situation which is commonly defined as a per capita water availability of less than 1700 cubic meters of freshwater per person per year. Water stress may result from either overuse of available freshwater resources or a reduction in the amount of available water due to decreases in rainfall and stored water supplies. Analyzing the interrelationship between human populations and water availability is complicated by the uncertainties associated with climate change projections and population projections. We have developed a simple methodology to integrate disparate climate and population data sources and develop first-order per capita water availability projections at the global scale. Simulations from the coupled land-ocean-atmosphere Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) forced with a range of hypothetical greenhouse gas emissions scenarios have been used to project grid-based changes in precipitation minus evapotranspiration as proxies for changes in runoff, or fresh water supply. Population growth changes, according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) storylines, have been used as proxies for changes in fresh water demand by 2025, 2050 and 2100. These freshwater supply and demand projections have then been combined to yield estimates of per capita water availability aggregatedmore » by U.S. watershed. Results suggest that important insights might be extracted from the use of the process developed here, including the identification of potentially vulnerable areas in need of more detailed analysis. This high-level analysis also illustrates the relative importance of population growth versus climate change in in altering future freshwater supplies. However, these are only exemplary insights and, as such, could be considered hypotheses that should be rigorously tested with multiple climate models, multiple observational climate datasets, and more comprehensive population growth projections.« less
Recursive and Fast Recursive Capon Spectral Estimators (2007)

The Capon algorithm, which was originally proposed for wavenumber estimation in array signal processing, has become a powerful tool for spectral analysis. Over several decades, a significant amount of research attention has been devoted to the estimation of the Capon spectrum. Most of the developed algorithms thus far, however, rely on the direct computation of the inverse of the input correlation (or covariance) matrix, which can be computationally very expensive particularly when the dimension of the matrix is large. This paper deals with fast and efficient algorithms in computing the Capon spectrum. Inspired from the recursive idea established in adaptive signal processing theory, we first derive a recursive Capon algorithm. This new algorithm does not require an explicit matrix inversion, and hence it is more efficient to implement than the direct-inverse approach. We then develop a fast version of the recursive algorithm based on techniques used in fast recursive least-squares adaptive algorithms. This new fast algorithm can further reduce the complexity of the recursive Capon algorithm by an order of magnitude. Although our focus is on the Capon spectral estimation, the ideas shown in this paper can also be generalized and applied to other applications. To illustrate this, we will show how to apply the recursive idea to the estimation of the magnitude squared coherence function, which plays an important role for problems like time-delay estimation, signal-to-noise ratio estimation, and doubletalk detection in echo cancellation.
EVExchange: A Relay Attack on Electric Vehicle Charging System (2022)

Abstract To support the increasing spread of Electric Vehicles (EVs), Charging Stations (CSs) are being installed worldwide. The new generation of CSs employs the Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) paradigm by implementing novel standards such as the ISO 15118. This standard enables high-level communication between the vehicle and the charging column, helps manage the charge smartly, and simplifies the payment phase. This novel charging paradigm, which connects the Smart Grid to external networks (e.g., EVs and CSs), has not been thoroughly examined yet. Therefore, it may lead to dangerous vulnerability surfaces and new research challenges. In this paper, we present EVExchange , the first attack to steal energy during a charging session in a V2G communication: i.e., charging the attacker’s car while letting the victim pay for it. Furthermore, if reverse charging flow is enabled, the attacker can even sell the energy available on the victim’s car! Thus, getting the economic profit of this selling, and leaving the victim with a completely discharged battery. We developed a virtual and a physical testbed in which we validate the attack and prove its effectiveness in stealing the energy. To prevent the attack, we propose a lightweight modification of the ISO 15118 protocol to include a distance bounding algorithm. Finally, we validated the countermeasure on our testbeds. Our results show that the proposed countermeasure can identify all the relay attack attempts while being transparent to the user.
Inhibition des phospholipases A2des types I et II par des substances d'origine végétale (1997)

Summary Prunella vulgaris and Azadirachta indica extracts were shown to inhibit type I and II phospholipase A2 activity. These enzymes, involved in the biosynthesis of inflammation and allergy mediators and in the differentiation process of keratinocytes, are suitable for the screening of substances with a potent pharmacological activity. Résumé Des extraits de Prunella vulgaris et d'Azadirachta indica ont montré une importante inhibition de l'activité des phospholipases A2 des types I et II. Ces enzymes étant impliquées dans la formation des médiateurs de l'inflammation et de l'allergie, et dans la différenciation des kératinocytes, le modèle d'étude présenté permet la sélection de substances à fort potentiel pharmacologique. Key-words: phospholipase A2 inflammationallergy Prunella vulgaris Azadirachta indica
Section thickness and contiguity phantom for MR imaging. (1987)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems are uniquely able to acquire data simultaneously for the reconstruction of images from multiple sections, that is, for volumes up to 20 cm or more in length and for axial, coronal, and sagittal planes. A phantom has been developed that allows one to determine if the sections are of the desired thickness throughout the volume, if the sections are contiguous or the section spacing is as specified, if the central section is at the appropriate location, if the profile of the section is as specified by the manufacturer, if the signal strength is uniform for all sections, that the signal strength decreases in a consistent manner for second and subsequent echo images, and that gross spatial distortions are not present. Such measurements are essential for acceptance testing and quality control purposes over reasonably long volumes. The details of this new phantom are described, and results of its use with both low-and high-field-strength MR imaging systems are presented.
Controlling the lateral aggregation of perfluoroalkylated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (2007)

The investigation of two hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives carrying linear or branched perfluoroalkylated side chains is reported. Polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as HBC derivatives are well known to self-organize to form highly ordered monomolecular stacks, which in turn show a concentration- and solvent-dependent lateral aggregation. However, possible applications of self-assembled HBC derivatives require linear, laterally non-aggregated columnar structures. According to powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), HBC derivatives with linear perfluoroalkylated side chains show liquid crystalline (LC) properties whereas those with branched perfluoroalkylated side chains have an amorphous structure. The stacking behaviour and the lateral aggregation are found to be greatly influenced by changes in the medium, as shown by fluorescence spectroscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM).
DosS Responds to a Reduced Electron Transport System To Induce the Mycobacterium tuberculosis DosR Regulon (2010)

The DosR regulon in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is involved in respiration-limiting conditions, its induction is controlled by two histidine kinases, DosS and DosT, and recent experimental evidence indicates DosS senses either molecular oxygen or a redox change. Under aerobic conditions, induction of the DosR regulon by DosS, but not DosT, was observed after the addition of ascorbate, a powerful cytochrome c reductant, demonstrating that DosS responds to a redox signal even in the presence of high oxygen tension. During hypoxic conditions, regulon induction was attenuated by treatment with compounds that occluded electron flow into the menaquinone pool or decreased the size of the menaquinone pool itself. Increased regulon expression during hypoxia was observed when exogenous menaquinone was added, demonstrating that the menaquinone pool is a limiting factor in regulon induction. Taken together, these data demonstrate that a reduced menaquinone pool directly or indirectly triggers induction of the DosR regulon via DosS. Biochemical analysis of menaquinones upon entry into hypoxic/anaerobic conditions demonstrated the disappearance of the unsaturated species and low-level maintenance of the mono-saturated menaquinone. Relative to the unsaturated form, an analog of the saturated form is better able to induce signaling via DosS and rescue inhibition of menaquinone synthesis and is less toxic. The menaquinone pool is central to the electron transport system (ETS) and therefore provides a mechanistic link between the respiratory state of the bacilli and DosS signaling. Although this report demonstrates that DosS responds to a reduced ETS, it does not rule out a role for oxygen in silencing signaling.
Role of Seed Mineral Content in the Occurrence of Transverse Cotyledon Cracking of Snap Bean (1986)

Abstract Seed calcium, magnesium, and potassium contents of 4 snap bean cultivars ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. ‘Spartan Arrow’, ‘Astro’, ‘Avalanche’, and ‘Early Gallatin’) were studied in relation to degree of susceptibility to transverse cotyledon cracking (TVC). TVC index numbers ranged from a minimum of 13 (resistant) to a maximum of 111 (extremely susceptible). To determine whether seed Ca is related causally to TVC, seed Ca content was altered through foliar application of calcium polycarboxylate. Without supplemental Ca sprays, the seed Ca contents of the 4 cultivars varied from 17.3 to 24.7 μ eq/g. Calcium sprays increased seed Ca contents by up to 18%. In some instances, changes in the amounts of seed Ca were as great as the initial varietal differences in seed Ca content. The TVC indices of the cultivars remained unchanged, however, and multiple regression analyses indicated that seed Ca content was not significantly correlated with TVC ( R 2 = 0.014). In addition, no significant correlations were found between TVC and seed K contents or Ca to Mg ratios. On the other hand, a significant negative correlation occurred between seed Mg contents and degree of TVC ( R 2 = 0.298). This correlation, however, depended largely upon varietal differences in seed Mg content and may not represent a causal relationship with TVC. Varietal characteristics other than seed mineral content apparently account for differences in susceptibility to TVC.