gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A RANDOMIZED PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF MALG WITH OKT3 FOR RESCUE THERAPY OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL REJECTION (1991)

A randomized prospective trial for rescue therapy from acute myocardial rejection was undertaken utilizing Minnesota antilymphoblastic globulin (n = 15) versus murine monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody therapy (OKT3) (n = 14). Patients included in the study had moderate rejection unresponsive to bolus high-dose steroid therapy, or moderate-to-severe rejection with hemodynamic instability. Analysis was performed using the t test and chi-square, significance was P less than 0.05. Patient age, sex, interval from transplant to treatment, and number of unresponsive patients vs. hemodynamically unstable patients were similar in both groups (P greater than 0.05). Initial resolution occurred in 9/15 MALG- vs. 14/14 OKT3-treated patients (P = 0.017). Secondary resolution following repeat treatment occurred in 5/6 remaining MALG patients, for a final resolution of 14/15 MALG vs. 14/14 OKT3 patients (P = NS). Rebound rejection was not significantly different (1/14 MALG vs. 4/13 OKT3). However, 7/14 OKT3-treated patients developed life-threatening infections (1 CMV pancreatitis, 2 CMV pneumonias, 1 systemic candidiasis, 3 CMV viremia) vs. 1/15 MALG-treated patients (CMV viremia) (P = 0.014). Death occurred in 4/14 OKT3- (infection) vs. 1/14 MALG- (rejection) treated patients (P = NS). There were no significant differences in the rate of resolution, rebound, infection, or outcome between unresponsive or hemodynamically unstable patients within either group. Although initial rescue is significantly better with OKT3, final resolution is the same in both groups. Since there was a significant incidence of life-threatening infections (7/14) leading to 4 deaths with OKT3 treatment, we recommend MALG for rescue therapy of refractory acute myocardial rejection if this immunosuppressive regimen is to be used.
Plasma composition during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes (2004)

Neutral species and positive ions were extracted directly from a C2H2:NH3 plasma used to grow vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and analyzed by mass spectrometry. We observe that NH3 suppresses C2H2 decomposition and encourages CNT formation. We show that the removal of excess carbon, essential for obtaining nanotubes without amorphous carbon deposits, is achieved through gas phase reactions which form mainly HCN. We determine an optimum C2H2:NH3 gas ratio which is consistent with previous observations based upon postdeposition analysis. We find, in contrast to thin film growth by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, that the optimum condition does not correspond to the highest level of ionization. We also provide evidence that C2H2 is the dominant precursor for CNTs in our experiments.
Tolerance to cannabinoid response on the myenteric plexus of guinea‐pig ileum and human small intestinal strips (2006)

1. We studied tolerance to cannabinoid agonist action by comparing the in vitro inhibition of electrically evoked contractions of longitudinal muscle from small intestine of human and guinea-pig (myenteric plexus preparations) after 48-h incubation with the synthetic agonist (+) WIN 55,212-2. We also investigated the intrinsic response to the selective cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant in control and tolerant strips. 2. (+) WIN 55,212-2 inhibited guinea-pig (IC(50) 4.8 nM) and human small intestine (56 nM) contractions with similar potency before or after 48-h incubation in drug-free conditions; this effect was competitively antagonized by rimonabant (pA(2), 8.4, 8.2). A 48-h preincubation with (+) WIN 55,212-2, but not with (-) WIN 55,212-3, completely abolished the acute agonist response in both tissue preparations. The opiate K-receptor agonist U69593 inhibited human small intestine contractions with a similar potency in control and strips tolerant to (+) WIN 55,212-2, IC(50) 39 and 43 nM. 3. Unlike human tissue, in guinea-pig small intestine, which has a high level of endocannabinoids, rimonabant alone increased the twitches induced by the electrical field stimulation (EC(50) 100 nM) with a maximal effect of 123%. 4. In strips tolerant to (+) WIN 55,212-2, rimonabant markedly increased (155%) the electrical twitches in human ileum and in guinea-pig myenteric plexus smooth muscle (133%). 5. This study shows tolerance can be induced to the cannabinoids' action in intestinal strips of human and guinea-pig by long in vitro incubation with the agonist (+) WIN 55,212-2.
La justificación de las decisiones adoptadas en los planes como garantía y a la vez como exigencia del urbanismo racionalizado (a propósito de la STS de 2 de febrero de 2017) (2017)

espanolEste trabajo abunda en una idea central de los instrumentos de planeamiento: la justificacion de las decisiones urbanisticas. Se comenta la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 2 de febrero de 2017, que en terminos claros y concisos delimita tanto el alcance de la motivacion de los planes como las circunstancias en las que puede apreciarse desviacion de poder en el ejercicio de la potestad de planificacion, recopilando en uno y otro caso la doctrina actual de la Sala Tercera. EnglishThis study is based on a fundamental idea: the reasoning behind urban decisions. The Spanish Supreme Court judgement dated February 2nd, 2017 clearly reflects a review of that evidence in respect of the extent of urban plans justification and also the circumstances in which it is possible to appreciate misuse of powers when exercising the planning power, compiling the current case-law.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐DIAZOPHOSPHONIC ACIDS AS POTENTIAL PHOTOAFFINITY LABELING REAGENTS: SYNTHESIS, STABILITY, AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY (1982)

Abstract Methansulfonsäure‐N,N‐diethylamid (I) liefert nach Metallierung mit Phosphorsäuredimethylesterchlorid das Substitutionsprodukt (IIa), das mit Tosylazid zu (IIb) reagiert.
Grain-Boundary Engineering for Aging and Slow-Crack-Growth Resistant Zirconia (2017)

Ceramic materials are prone to slow crack growth, resulting in strength degradation over time. Although yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics have higher crack resistance than other dental ceramics, their aging susceptibility threatens their long-term performance in aqueous environments such as the oral cavity. Unfortunately, increasing the aging resistance of Y-TZP ceramics normally reduces their crack resistance. Our recently conducted systematic study of doping 3Y-TZP with various trivalent cations revealed that lanthanum oxide (La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) have the most potent effect to retard the aging kinetics of 3Y-TZP. In this study, the crack-propagation behavior of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> co-doped 3Y-TZP ceramics was investigated by double-torsion methods. The grain boundaries were examined using scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS). Correlating these analytic data with hydrothermal aging studies using different doping systems, a strategy to strongly bind the segregated dopant cations with the oxygen vacancies at the zirconia-grain boundary was found to improve effectively the aging resistance of Y-TZP ceramics without affecting the resistance to crack propagation.
Chapter 2. Physical methods. Part (iii)X-Ray crystallography (1973)

M. B. Hursthouse and S. Neidle, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem., 1973, 70, 46 DOI: 10.1039/OC9737000046
Somatostatin and dopamine receptor expression in lung carcinoma cells and effects of chimeric somatostatin-dopamine molecules on cell proliferation (2005)

To study somatostatin/dopamine (SS/D) synergy in a human cell system constitutively expressing SS and D receptors (SSR and DR, respectively), we characterized the expression of SSR and DR subtypes in the non-small-cell lung cancer line Calu-6, and then we evaluated the effect on cell proliferation of SS/D chimeric molecules (BIM-23A387 and BIM-23A370), which bind with high affinity both sst(2) and D(2)R, and compared the results with those obtained by using SS-14 and subtype-selective SS analogs (SSA) and D agonists (DA). Because Calu-6 cells produce insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) peptides, which play a role in the autocrine/paracrine control of cell growth, we also investigated the effects of chimeric compounds on secretion and expression of IGF system components. Relative high levels of sst(2) and the long isoform of the D(2)R were detected by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot in Calu-6, together with sst(5) and to a lesser extent sst(3) and D(4)R. BIM-23A387 and BIM-23A370 significantly inhibited growth of Calu-6, whereas IGF-IGFBP secretion or expression was unaffected, suggesting a direct inhibitory effect. The inhibition of cell growth, measured by both [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and cell count, was significantly lower when individual SSA and DA control peptides or subtype-specific SSA and DA were tested. BIM-23A370 was more potent than BIM-23A387 (P < 0.001). These findings show that SS/D chimeras can inhibit Calu-6 proliferation in an IGF-independent manner and suggest that this enhanced potency might be because of the induction of SSR/DR dimerization. The Calu-6 cell line, constitutively expressing SSR and DR, provides a suitable model to elucidate the mechanism of action of SSA and DA on regulation of cell growth and to characterize the interaction between SSR and DR.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Addition in Ionizing Environments: Observation and Analysis of New C–N Valence Bonds in Complexes between Naphthalene Radical Cation and Pyridine (2017)

Radical organic ions can be stabilized by complexation with neutral organics via interactions that can resemble chemical bonds, but with much diminished bond energies. Those interactions are a key factor in cluster growth and polymerization reactions in ionizing environments such as regions of the interstellar medium and solar nebulae. Such radical cation complexes between naphthalene (Naph) and pyridine (Pyr) are characterized using mass-selected ion mobility experiments. The measured enthalpy of binding of the Naph<sup>+•</sup>(Pyr) heterodimer (20.9 kcal/mol) exceeds that of the Naph<sup>+•</sup>(Naph) homodimer (17.8 kcal/mol). The addition of 1-3 more pyridine molecules to the Naph<sup>+•</sup>(Pyr) heterodimer gives 10-11 kcal/mol increments in binding enthalpy. A rich array of Naph<sup>+•</sup>(Pyr) isomers are characterized by electronic structure calculations. The calculated Boltzmann distribution at 400 K yields an enthalpy of binding in reasonable agreement with experiment. The global minimum is a distonic cation formed by Pyr attack on Naph<sup>+•</sup> at the α-carbon, changing its hybridization from sp<sup>2</sup> to distorted sp<sup>3</sup>. The measured collision cross section in helium for the Naph<sup>+•</sup>(Pyr) heterodimer of 84.9 ± 2.5 Å<sup>2</sup> at 302 K agrees well with calculated angle-averaged cross sections (83.9-85.1 Å<sup>2</sup> at 302 K) of the lowest energy distonic structures. A remarkable 16 kcal/mol increase in the binding energy between Naph<sup>+•</sup>(Pyr) and Bz<sup>+•</sup>(Pyr) (Bz is benzene) is understood by energy decomposition analysis. A similar increase in binding from Naph<sup>+•</sup>(NH<sub>3</sub>) to Naph<sup>+•</sup>(Pyr) (as well as between Bz<sup>+•</sup>(NH<sub>3</sub>) and Bz<sup>+•</sup>(Pyr)) is likewise rationalized.
Performance evaluation of LTE signal transmission over a seamlessly integrated radio-over-fiber and millimeter-wave wireless link (2013)

Transmission of 3GPP LTE signal over a seamlessly integrated radio-over-fiber and millimeter-wave wireless link is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. We successfully transmitted and demodulated standard LTE eNB conformance test signals using QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulation format for user data over the proposed system. The measured EVM is well under the required limit defined for the test signals, showing the potential to use the link as a high capacity backhauling system for high speed mobile networks using small cells and/or high carrier frequency at millimeter-wave.
Transcriptional Analysis of Temporal Gene Expression in Germinating Clostridium difficile 630 Endospores (2013)

Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital acquired diarrhoea in industrialised countries. Under conditions that are not favourable for growth, the pathogen produces metabolically dormant endospores via asymmetric cell division. These are extremely resistant to both chemical and physical stress and provide the mechanism by which C. difficile can evade the potentially fatal consequences of exposure to heat, oxygen, alcohol, and certain disinfectants. Spores are the primary infective agent and must germinate to allow for vegetative cell growth and toxin production. While spore germination in Bacillus is well understood, little is known about C. difficile germination and outgrowth. Here we use genome-wide transcriptional analysis to elucidate the temporal gene expression patterns in C. difficile 630 endospore germination. We have optimized methods for large scale production and purification of spores. The germination characteristics of purified spores have been characterized and RNA extraction protocols have been optimized. Gene expression was highly dynamic during germination and outgrowth, and was found to involve a large number of genes. Using this genome-wide, microarray approach we have identified 511 genes that are significantly up- or down-regulated during C. difficile germination (p≤0.01). A number of functional groups of genes appeared to be co-regulated. These included transport, protein synthesis and secretion, motility and chemotaxis as well as cell wall biogenesis. These data give insight into how C. difficile re-establishes its metabolism, re-builds the basic structures of the vegetative cell and resumes growth.
Cyclic deformations in the Opalinus clay: a laboratory experiment (2015)

The influence of tunnel climate on deformation cycles of joint openings and closings is often observed immediately after excavation. At the EZ-B niche in the Mt. Terri rock laboratory (Switzerland), a cyclic deformation of the shaly Opalinus clay has been monitored for several years. The deformation cycles of the joints parallel to the clay bedding planes correlate with seasonal variations in relative humidity of the air in the niche. In winter, when the relative humidity is the lowest (down to 65%), the joints open as the clay volume decreases, whereas they tend to close in the summer when the relative humidity reaches up to 100%. Furthermore, in situ measurements have shown the trend of an increasingly smaller aperture of joints with time. A laboratory experiment was carried out to reproduce the observed cyclic deformation in a climate chamber using a core sample of Opalinus clay. The main goal of the experiment was to investigate the influence of the relative humidity on the deformation of the Opalinus clay while excluding the in situ effects (e.g. confining stress). The core sample of Opalinus clay was put into a closed ended PVC tube and the space between the sample and the tube was filled with resin. Then, the sample (size: 28 cm × 14 cm × 6.5 cm) was cut in half lengthways and the open end was cut, so that the half-core sample could move in one direction. The mounted sample was exposed to wetting and drying cycles in a climate chamber. Air temperature, air humidity and sample weight were continuously recorded. Photographs taken at regular time intervals by a webcam allowed the formation/deformation of cracks on the surface of the sample to be monitored. A crackmeter consisting of a double-plate capacitor attached to the core sample was developed to measure the dynamics of the crack opening and closing. Preliminary results show that: - Deformation movements during different climate cycles can be visualized with the webcam - The crackmeter signal gives a relatively precise response for relative humidity below 80% - The sample weight variations are clearly related to the climatic conditions (temperature and relative humidity) and associated with deformation of the sample (widening and narrowing of the cracks) - The control of the relative humidity in the climate chamber turned out to be difficult in a laboratory without climate conditioning, especially during summer time
Left ventricular regional wall curvedness and wall stress in patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (2009)

Geometric remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) after myocardial infarction is associated with changes in myocardial wall stress. The objective of this study was to determine the regional curvatures and wall stress based on three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of the LV using MRI. Ten patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) and 10 normal subjects underwent MRI scan. The IDCM patients also underwent delayed gadolinium-enhancement imaging to delineate the extent of myocardial infarct. Regional curvedness, local radii of curvature, and wall thickness were calculated. The percent curvedness change between end diastole and end systole was also calculated. In normal heart, a short- and long-axis two-dimensional analysis showed a 41 +/- 11% and 45 +/- 12% increase of the mean of peak systolic wall stress between basal and apical sections, respectively. However, 3-D analysis showed no significant difference in peak systolic wall stress from basal and apical sections (P = 0.298, ANOVA). LV shape differed between IDCM patients and normal subjects in several ways: LV shape was more spherical (sphericity index = 0.62 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05), curvedness at end diastole (mean for 16 segments = 0.034 +/- 0.0056 vs. 0.040 +/- 0.0071 mm(-1), P < 0.001) and end systole (mean for 16 segments = 0.037 +/- 0.0068 vs. 0.067 +/- 0.020 mm(-1), P < 0.001) was affected by infarction, and peak systolic wall stress was significantly increased at each segment in IDCM patients. The 3-D quantification of regional wall stress by cardiac MRI provides more precise evaluation of cardiac mechanics. Identification of regional curvedness and wall stresses helps delineate the mechanisms of LV remodeling in IDCM and may help guide therapeutic LV restoration.
A New Class of Spiegelmers Containing 2′-Fluoro-nucleotides (2003)

Synthesis of 2'-fluoro-nucleosides from L-arabinose in order to perform the synthesis of 2'-fluoro-Spiegelmers binding to a neuropeptide.
Joint Orthogonal Band and Power Allocation for Energy Fairness in WPT System with Nonlinear Logarithmic Energy Harvesting Model (2020)

Wireless power transmission (WPT) is expected to play an important role in the Internet of Things services by providing the perpetual operation of IoT sensors. However, to prolong the IoT network's lifetime, the efficient resource allocation algorithm is required, in particular, the energy fairness issue among IoT sensors has been a critical challenge of the WPT system. In this paper, considering energy fairness as the minimum received energy of all energy poverty IoT sensors (EPISs), we allocate orthogonal frequency bands to several EPISs and transfer the RF power on each orthogonal band, using energy beamforming. Based on the energy poverty, we propose orthogonal frequency bands assignment rule, granting the priority to the EPISs with less received energy. We also formulate two transmission power allocation problems, incorporated the nonlinear logarithm-energy harvesting (EH) model. First, the total received power maximization (TRPM) problem is presented and solved by combining the well-known Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions with the modified water-filling algorithm. Second, the common received power maximization (CRPM) problem is formulated and the optimal solution is derived using the iterative bisection search method. To apply the bisection search method to the problem, this paper proposes a method of specifying the scope of the solution for the objective function defined by the sum of monotonous functions. In numerical results, assuming the mobility of EPISs by the one-dimensional random walk model, the effectiveness of the mobility of EPISs on the minimum received energy of all EPISs is presented. Finally, the performance of the proposed resource allocation schemes is verified by comparing other resources allocation schemes, such as Round robin and equal power distribution
EELS fine structure analysis of radiation damage of V2O5 (1992)

The oxides of maximum valence transition metals have been extensively studied in view of their useful physical and chemical properties. Vanadium pentoxide is one such compound which exhibits important catalytic properties, but is sensitive to electron beam irradiation. Vanadium pentoxide has the orthorhombic symmetry and the structure is built from deformed octahedra with a longer and weak V-O bond along the c direction. Consequently, V 2 O 5 is a layered structure with (001) cleavage plane, and the oxygen atoms located at the cleavage plane can be easily lost during the electron beam irradiation. In this paper we present time resolved parallel detection EELS study of radiation damage of V 2 O 5 with a 200 kV cold field emission analytical electron microscope (HF-2000). Samples of V 2 O 3 and VO 2 are also analyzed for comparison. The EELS spectra were obtained with a spectrometer dispersion of 0.1 eV per channel in TEM image mode using probe sizes of 20-50 nm. The beam current recorded by a picoammeter connected to the screen was calibrated by the direct measurement with a Faraday cup for the calculation of electron dosage.
Performance of 5G Trials for Industrial Automation (2022)

Wireless- and 5G-enabled industrial automation is expected to include a plethora of different applications with a wide variety of requirements. In this article, evaluations are undertaken for the deployment of 5G in realistic industrial production environments with realistic deployment settings. Both deployments using commercial 5G systems and a 5G prototype system including pre-commercial and standard compliant URLLC functionality have been investigated. Systematic latency and reliability measurements were performed, over the air and in live networks, for different packet sizes, different devices, and networks with different capabilities (at different sites) to characterize the expected performance. The results indicate that today’s 5G latency performance significantly depends on packet size, transmission direction (uplink or downlink), and network configuration as well as on the end device’s design and capabilities. Our over-the-air measurements also empirically show that 5G technology and future networks have the capability of providing one-way latency of around 1 ms in both uplink and downlink for the various packet sizes tested. It is concluded that the requirements for very low latencies can be achieved with high reliability guarantees, as required in some of the most stringent industrial IoT applications.