gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VLSI implemented ML joint carrier phase and timing offsets estimator for QPSK/OQPSK burst modems (2003)

A high performance ASIC supporting multiple modulation, error correction, and frame formats is under development at Hughes Network Systems, Inc. Powerful and generic data-aided (DA) estimators are needed to accommodate operation in the required modes. A simplified DA maximum likelihood (ML) joint estimator for carrier phase and symbol timing offset for QPSK/OQPSK burst modems and a sample systolic VLSI implementation for the estimator are presented. Furthermore, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for DA case is investigated. The performance of the estimator is shown through simulation to meet the CRLB even at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Compared with theoretical solutions, the proposed estimator is less computationally intensive and is therefore easier to implement using current VLSI technology.
Projections of surfaces with singular boundary (2008)

Singular projections of generic 2-dim surfaces in ${\mathbb R}^3$ with singular boundary to 2-space are studied. The case of projections of surfaces with nonsingular boundary has been treated by Bruce and Giblin. The aim of this paper is to generalise th
Real-Time Multirate Multiband Amplification for Hearing Aids (2022)

Hearing loss is a common problem affecting the quality of life for thousands of people. However, many individuals with hearing loss are dissatisfied with the quality of modern hearing aids. Amplification is the main method of compensating for hearing loss in modern hearing aids. One common amplification technique is dynamic range compression, which maps audio signals onto a person's hearing range using an amplification curve. However, due to the frequency dependent nature of the human cochlea, compression is often performed independently in different frequency bands. This paper presents a real-time multirate multiband amplification system for hearing aids, which includes a multirate channelizer for separating an audio signal into eleven standard audiometric frequency bands, and an automatic gain control system for accurate control of the steady state and dynamic behavior of audio compression as specified by ANSI standards. The spectral channelizer offers high frequency resolution with low latency of 5.4 ms and about 14× improvement in complexity over a baseline design. Our automatic gain control includes a closed-form solution for satisfying any designated attack and release times for any desired compression parameters. The increased frequency resolution and precise gain adjustment allow our system to more accurately fulfill audiometric hearing aid prescriptions.
Structural and magnetic characterization of superparamagnetic iron platinum nanoparticle contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (2012)

The authors report the synthesis, from simple salts, and the physical characterization of superparamagnetic iron platinum nanoparticles (SIPPs) suitable for use as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. The properties of these particles were determined by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance relaxivity at 4.7 T. TEM showed that the diameters of the particles ranged from 9.3 to 10 nm, depending on the mole ratio of iron to platinum precursors, and on the concentration of octadecylamine (ODA) used in their preparation. The iron to platinum stoichiometry determined by ICP-OES varied from 1.4:1 to 3.7:1 and was similarly dependent on the initial mole ratios of iron and platinum salts, as well as on the concentration of ODA in the reaction. SQUID magnetometry showed that the SIPPs were superparamagnetic and had magnetic moments that increased with increasing iron content from 62 to 72 A·m<sup>2</sup>/kg Fe. The measured relaxivities of the SIPPs at 4.7 T were higher than commercially available superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, suggesting that these particles may be superior contrast agents in T<sub>2</sub>-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
Exhaustive service matching algorithms for input queued switches (2004)

Virtual output queuing is widely used by fixed-length high-speed switches to overcome head-of-line blocking. This is done by means of matching algorithms. Maximum matching algorithms have good performance, but their implementation complexity is quite high. Maximal matching algorithms need speedup to guarantee good performance. Iterative matching schemes, such as iSLIP and DRRM, use multiple iterations to converge on a maximal match.. The objective of matching algorithms is to reduce the matching overhead for each time slot. The paper presents exhaustive service matching as a way to amortize the cost of a match over multiple time slots, thus significantly improving switch performance. In an exhaustive service matching switch, cells belonging to the same packet are transferred to the output continuously, which leads to good packet delay performance and simplifies the implementation of packet reassembly. To avoid unfairness under some extremely unbalanced traffic pattern, limited service matching and exhaustive service matching with Hamiltonian walk (EMHW) are presented. We show that limited service matching achieves better fairness under unbalanced traffic patterns, and in some cases improves the delay performance, while retaining low implementation complexity and a scalable architecture. We prove that EMHW is stable under all admissible traffic. All these schemes can be applied to existing matching algorithms, such as iSLIP and DRRM, to achieve high switching efficiency with low implementation complexities.
Toward the Total Synthesis of Taxol and its Analogues (2021)

Regarded as one of the most promising cancer chemotherapeutic agents to appear in decades, Taxol represents a striking example of the return on investment in basic science. The history of this remarkable medicinal lead is inextricably entwined with that of its source, the yew, which for millennia had furnished materials for shelter, transportation, art, weaponry, poisons, and folk medicines. Only in the last century, however, were the initial steps taken to isolate and identify the constituent chemical treasures of this tree. A full century later, as a result of pioneering contributions from a global scientific community, the structures of several of these constituents were finally established and found to share a new carbon framework for which the name taxane was given in recognition of its yew (Taxus) source.1–3
Efficacy of Novel Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Inhibitors BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 against Human Parainfluenza Viruses In Vitro and In Vivo (2004)

Human parainfluenza viruses are important respiratory tract pathogens, especially of children. However, no vaccines or specific therapies for infections caused by these viruses are currently available. In the present study we characterized the efficacy of the novel parainfluenza virus inhibitors BCX 2798 and BCX 2855, which were designed based on the three-dimensional structure of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. The compounds were highly effective in inhibiting hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activities and the growth of hPIV-1, hPIV-2, and hPIV-3 in LLC-MK(2) cells. The concentrations required to reduce the activity to 50% of that of a control ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 micro M in HA inhibition assays and from 0.02 to 20 micro M in NA inhibition assays. The concentrations required to inhibit virus replication to 50% of the level of the control ranged from 0.7 to 11.5 micro M. BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 were inactive against influenza virus HA and NA and bacterial NA. In mice infected with a recombinant Sendai virus whose HN gene was replaced with that of hPIV-1 [rSV(hHN)], intranasal administration of BCX 2798 (10 mg/kg per day) and of BCX 2855 (50 mg/kg per day) 4 h before the start of infection resulted in a significant reduction in titers of virus in the lungs and protection from death. Treatment beginning 24 h after the start of infection did not prevent death. Together, our results indicate that BCX 2798 and BCX 2855 are effective inhibitors of parainfluenza virus HN and may limit parainfluenza virus infections in humans.
Nanotechnology for modern medicine: next step towards clinical translation (2021)

The field of nanotechnology has been a significant research focus in the last thirty years. This emphasis is due to the unique optical, electrical, magnetic, chemical and biological properties of materials approximately ten thousand times smaller than the diameter of a hair strand. Researchers have developed methods to synthesize and characterize large libraries of nanomaterials and have demonstrated their preclinical utility. We have entered a new phase of nanomedicine development, where the focus is to translate these technologies to benefit patients. This review article provides an overview of nanomedicine's unique properties, the current state of the field, and discusses the challenge of clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the need to build and strengthen partnerships between engineers and clinicians to create a feedback loop between the bench and bedside. This partnership will guide fundamental studies on the nanoparticle-biological interactions, address clinical challenges and change the development and evaluation of new drug delivery systems, sensors, imaging agents and therapeutic systems.
Open DeveloperSpace: An Enabling Infrastructure for Stakeholders to Generate New Access Solutions (2017)

The DeveloperSpace, one of the core components of GPII, is a self-sustainable infrastructure and collaborative environment, where developers, implementers, consumers, prosumers and other directly and indirectly involved actors (e.g. teachers, caregivers, clinicians) may interact with and play a role in its viability and the development of new access solutions.
Teil C: How to … – Umsetzung in die Praxis (2020)

Veränderungen sind im Zuge der Digitalisierung an der Tagesordnung - doch tauchen dabei immer wieder Barrieren auf. Dies macht es den Verantwortlichen oft sehr schwer, den anstehenden Wandel im notwendigen Umfang und in einer angemessenen Zeit umzusetzen.
Bv8/prokineticin 2 is involved in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity (2015)

Bv8/Prokineticin 2 (PROK2) is a bioactive peptide initially discovered as a regulator of gastrointestinal motility. Among multiple biological roles demonstrated for PROK2, it was recently established that PROK2 is an insult-inducible endangering mediator for cerebral damage. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the PROK2 and its receptors' potential involvement in amyloid beta (Aβ) neurotoxicity, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and various forms of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Analyzing primary cortical cultures (CNs) and cortex and hippocampus from Aβ treated rats, we found that PROK2 and its receptors PKR1 and PKR2 mRNA are up-regulated by Aβ, suggesting their potential involvement in AD. Hence we evaluated if impairing the prokineticin system activation might have protective effect against neuronal death induced by Aβ. We found that a PKR antagonist concentration-dependently protects CNs against Aβ(1-42)-induced neurotoxicity, by reducing the Aβ-induced PROK2 neuronal up-regulation. Moreover, the antagonist completely rescued LTP impairment in hippocampal slices from 6 month-old Tg2576 AD mice without affecting basal synaptic transmission and paired pulse-facilitation paradigms. These results indicate that PROK2 plays a role in cerebral amyloidosis and that PROK2 antagonists may represent a new approach for ameliorating the defining pathology of AD.
Flying Characteristics on Discrete Track and Bit-Patterned Media With a Thermal Protrusion Slider (2008)

Future disk drives may have discretized tracks or bit patterns for increased thermal stability and higher areal density. This affects the surface topography, resulting in different flying characteristics of the currently used air bearing slider. The actual flying height drop versus the pattern density and pattern depth has not been measured yet. However, it has been recently simulated. We have made flyable patterned disks with angular sections having various topographies. This allowed the measurement of flying height modulation and clearance drop within one revolution in different sections of the disks. Slider-to-disk clearance changes were measured using pulsed thermal protrusion. Furthermore, we investigated the slider dynamics and disk-lubricant changes during the transition from a flat zone to a patterned zone. This is of relevance since the servo sectors have different patterns compared to data zones on the disk leading to dynamic excitations and flying height modulation. These effects may still be detectable even after disk planarization since they are periodic and may excite the air bearing resonance. Based on our experimental observation, we have established an empirical equation that predicts slider clearance loss versus pattern density. The clearance change was measured when the slider air bearing was transitioning from a large scale pattern (in micrometers) to a small scale pattern (in nanometers), indicating increased lift with an increased number of walls/holes-even at a similar nominal pattern density. Functional drives were built that contained discrete track media with imprinted servo sectors.
2913 Study on foil disk : Secondary flow (2005)

Warping of foil disk turning over a flat solid surface was studied in connection with a magnetic flexible memory devices. Experiments were carried out to measure the rotating speed of moire-topography pattern due to the warping and to measure, by means of a hot-wire anemometer, the blow-off velocity of radial air flow from edge of the disk under various conditions. It was fund that the warping was caused by the secondary air flow between the foil disk and the solid surface
Photochemistry of Phenyl Azide (1992)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Elementary molecular orbital and thermochemical considerations Product studies in solution phase Spectroscopic observations of intermediates Interpretation of the results Pentafluorophenyl azide Controversies
Temperature‐dependent light‐output characteristics of GaInN light‐emitting diodes with different dislocation densities (2011)

Abstract We have experimentally investigated the temperature dependence of optical‐output power of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with different threading dislocation densities (TDDs) to assess the influence of the TDD on the temperature stability of LEDs. Whereas the LED with high TDD shows a 64% decrease in optical‐output power when the ambient temperature increases from 20 to 150 °C, the LED with low TDD shows only a 54% decrease. The temperature dependence of the optical‐output power and current dependence of the characteristic temperature T ch of LEDs shows that short radiative recombination lifetime and low TDDs are essential to obtain LED characteristics that are tolerant of high temperatures.
GCExp: Goal-Conditioned Exploration for Object Goal Navigation (2021)

In this paper, we address the highly challenging problem of object goal navigation. The agent, in an unseen environment, has to perceive its surroundings to identify and navigate towards potential regions where the specified goal category can occur. Rather than developing goal driven exploration policies, we aim to adapt the existing exploration policies that maximize scene coverage to be goal-conditioned. Thus, we propose a standalone scene understanding module to identify potential regions where the goal occurs. We also propose Goal-Conditioned Exploration (GCExp), an algorithm that entails the integration of our novel scene understanding module with any existing exploration policy. We test our solution in photo-realistic simulation environments using state-of-the-art exploration policy, Active Neural Slam [1], and show improved performance over the same on every evaluation metric.
S695 Risankizumab Induces Early Clinical Remission and Response in Patients With Moderate-To-Severe Crohn’s Disease: Results From the Phase 3 ADVANCE and MOTIVATE Studies (2021)

Introduction: Present therapies leave an unmet need for early and effective treatment for patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Risankizumab (RZB), a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody against the p19 subunit of interleukin-23, was evaluated as an induction therapy to induce early clinical remission and response in patients with moderate-to-severe CD in two double-blind, randomized, placebo (PBO)-controlled studies (ADVANCE [NCT03104413] and MOTIVATE [NCT03105128]). Methods: Patients with moderate-to-severe CD (CD Activity Index [CDAI] of 220–450, Simple Endoscopic Score for CD [SES-CD] ≥ 6 [≥ 4 for isolated ileal disease] excluding the narrowing component, and average daily [liquid/very soft] stool frequency [SF] ≥ 4 and/or average daily abdominal pain [AP] score ≥ 2) who had inadequate response or intolerance to conventional and/or biologic treatment (ADVANCE), or biologic treatment only (MOTIVATE) were randomised 2:2:1 (ADVANCE) or 1:1:1 (MOTIVATE) to receive intravenous RZB 600 mg, RZB 1200 mg, or PBO as induction therapy at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Clinical remission and clinical response were defined by either CDAI or a composite of SF and AP criteria, at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (endpoints defined in Figure 1 footnotes). Safety was assessed throughout the studies. Results: A total of 1419 patients from ADVANCE (N = 850) and MOTIVATE (N = 569) respectively, were randomised and included in the intention-to-treat population. In both studies, greater proportions of RZB- vs PBO-treated patients achieved clinical remission and clinical response per CDAI or SF/AP criteria starting at week 4 (P ≤ .05) and sustained through week 12 (P ≤ 0.001) (Figure 1). Treatment with RZB 600 mg or 1200 mg was well tolerated, and no new safety risks were identified. Conclusion: Induction therapy with both RZB 600 mg and 1200 mg intravenous resulted in significantly greater clinical remission and response vs PBO as early as week 4 and sustained through week 12 in patients with moderate-to-severe CD who had inadequate response or intolerance to conventional and/or biologic treatment.Figure 1.: Clinical Remission and Response Over Time *P ≤ .05, **P ≤ .01, ***P ≤ .001 vs PBO. Clinical remission per CDAI criterion: CDAI < 150 Clinical remission per SF/AP criteria: average daily SF ≤ 2.8 and not worse than baseline plus average daily AP score ≤ 1 and not worse than baseline. Clinical response per CDAI criterion: ≥ 100-point decrease from baseline in CDAI. Clinical response per SF/AP criteria: ≥ 30% decrease in average daily SF and/or ≥ 30% decrease in average daily AP and both not worse than baseline. AP, abdominal pain; CDAI, Crohn's Disease Activity Index; PBO, placebo; SF, stool frequency; RZB, risankizumab.
Navigated lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty — Technique and case report (2009)

Abstract Lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) outcomes have been inferior to those described after medial UKA. Inaccurate implant positioning and mechanical axis malalignment appear to be the most common technical errors. Rare studies or failure identification on lateral UKA are currently presented in the literature. We describe the utilization of computer-assisted lateral UKA placement for lateral knee osteoarthritis with a valgus malalignment of 10°. Navigation allows for a dynamic intraoperative visualisation of the mechanical axis, as well as for accurate component positioning and overall postoperative limb alignment. The systems allow the knee position to be captured with appropriate tension in extension and flexion prior to making definite cuts. Postoperatively, no instabilities occurred with a precise component placement. Navigation can be used in rare cases for lateral UKA.
VVC Search Space Analysis Including an Open, Optimized Implementation (2022)

Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is a new video coding standard finalized in July 2020. During the standard development much attention was paid to keeping the decoding complexity increase as small as possible, with more permissive approach being taken with regard to the encoding. The VVC reference software VTM in random access configuration requires around double the time to decode and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> the time to encode a video, compared to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) reference software HM. With this runtime increase, an objective bitrate reduction of around 40% is achieved. In this paper we analyze the encoding complexity increase of VVC over HEVC. We abstract the implementation-based aspects, including low-level software optimizations and introduce an empirical measure to quantify the extent of encoder search space given a specific search algorithm. Based on the measure, we compare the search space of HM and VTM, but also of the open and optimized VVC encoder implementation VVenC, showing the potential for search space reduction and its impact on compression performance. Overall, it can be seen that while VVC’s search space is quite large in VTM, it can be efficiently limited either by including early termination strategies or by disabling VVC coding tools.
Titanium Complexes with Functional Alkoxido Ligands for Selective Ethylene Dimerization – A High Throughput Experimentation Approach (2021)

Abstract New titanium complexes of general formula [Ti(OR) 2 (O i Pr) 2 ], containing functionalized alkoxido ligands, were developed for the selective catalytic dimerization of ethylene to 1‐butene using a combined High Throughput Screening (HTS) / Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. First, a library of 19 ligands was elaborated and a primary screening spotted the phosphorus‐functionalized alkoxido ligands as most promising. A second, more focused library containing 8 alkoxidophosphane ligands was then developed. A longer linear spacer between the alkoxido and the phosphorus functions, as in [Ti( 19 ) 2 (O i Pr) 2 ], was found beneficial for this catalytic reaction. After identification of the best co‐catalyst (AlEt 3 ) and co‐ligand (O n Bu), final optimization of the reaction conditions was performed using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. The complex [Ti( 19 ) 2 (O n Bu) 2 ] was shown to selectively dimerize ethylene in 1‐butene (C 4 (α)=93 % (99 + %)) at 30 bar C 2 H 4 and 55 °C with AlEt 3 as co‐catalyst, resulting in very high activity and selectivity for a molecular titanium catalyst (13000 g g Ti −1 h −1 , 93 % 1‐butene).
Robust Neural Networks for Causal Invariant Features Extraction (2019)

Most machine learning approaches exploit correlational relationships in a training data set to predict a target variable. When these correlations are spurious or unreliable, this hampers the ability to generalize learned models to new environments. In contrast, models exploiting causal relationships between features and the outcome generalize better across environments. In this paper, we posit that these robust causal relationships can be identified by finding features that, when conditioned upon, render the outcome invariant across environments—that is, when the outcome is independent of the environment given a set of selected features with lower dimensions. We propose a neural network architecture for this task, comparing it with several existing approaches to exploit the causal invariant property, with a discussion on their motivations in a unified framework. Empirically, we perform a simulated experiment to demonstrate and compare the performance of the proposed method to the existing approaches. Finally, we measure its efficacy in a real world data set for advertisement click prediction.