gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET in the evaluation of breast cancer heterogeneity. (2017)

11572 Background: 18 F-Fluoroestradiol (FES) is an estrogen analogue that has been shown to be a promising biomarker in ER imaging of breast cancer. FES uptake correlates to ER expression, provides qualitative and quantitative assessment of multiple tumor sites simultaneously, and can predict response to endocrine therapies. Tumor heterogeneity is a known feature of metastatic breast cancer. Our work and others has shown that patients that have tumors with high FDG-PET SUV and low FES-PET SUV uptake have a poorer prognosis. Biopsies of metastatic disease may be done initially for diagnosis of metastatic disease, but are generally only performed in the setting of target identification for clinical trials. A change in ER or HER2 expression, however, can result in a change in therapy. FES-PET imaging offers a virtual biopsy and can reveal heterogeneity of the entire tumor burden. Methods: We reviewed our prior evaluations of tumor heterogeneity with FES-PET from 3 different studies. 46 breast cancer patients with metastatic disease (de novo or recurrent) who had biopsy proven ER+ primary breast cancer underwent FES-PET and FDG-PET imaging and a biopsy of a metastatic lesion prior to therapy initiation. ER and HER-2 expression was reviewed. Results: Of the 46 patients, 5 (11%) had ER- metastatic biopsies. One (2%) biopsy changed from ER+/HER-2 neg to ER-/HER-2+, and one (2%) biopsy changed from ER+/HER-2+ to ER+/HER-2-. All 5 patients (11%) with changes in ER/HER2 expression underwent a change in therapy due to the unexpected findings by metastatic biopsy. FDG findings helped to guide selection of biopsy sites. FES quantitative measures correlated with biopsy findings. Conclusions: Biopsy resulted in a change in therapy for &gt; 10 % of patients enrolled in trials of FES imaging. Imaging can help identify heterogeneous tumor locations to assist identification of evolving tumor targets in breast cancer. In addition, FES imaging may reveal a change in tumor phenotype that can ultimately affect choice of therapy. Research Support: P01CA42045, R01CA72064
Development of fully automated fluorescence immunoassay system μTAS Wako i30 using disposable plastic microfluidic chips (2016)

我々は，マイクロチップを用いた全自動蛍光免疫分析装置ミュ―タスワコーi30の開発を行った．本システムは，LBA-EATA法を測定原理とし，測定時間9分を実現した．本システムの重要な技術は，レーザー誘起蛍光測定による高感度化検出とDNAを抗体に結合した点である．陰性荷電を多く持っているDNAを抗体に結合することにより，DNA結合抗体が特異的に反応したたんぱく質と形成する免疫複合体にも強い負の荷電を持たせることができる．このため，キャピラリー電気泳動を用いた免疫測定で既存方法より感度，分離能と迅速性を向上させることができた．LBA-EATA法は，マイクロチップキャピラリー電気泳動において，等速電気泳動（ITP）により，DNA標識抗体を濃縮しながら，抗原と反応させ，ITPからキャピラリーゲル電気泳動（CGE）に切り替えることでB/F分離する．その後CGEで分離分析し，目的タンパク質を測定する方法である．本法によるAFP-L3とPIVKA IIの測定では，感度，再現性が良好であった．ミュータスワコーには，AFP-L3，PIVKA-II，PCT，NT-proBNP とTroponinTの5項目がある．本技術は，糖鎖解析や分離測定の有効な手段となる可能性があることから，さまざまな測定系へ展開できる可能性を持っている．
Loss of ARID1A induces a stemness gene ALDH1A1 expression with histone acetylation in the malignant subtype of cholangiocarcinoma (2019)

Genomic analyses have recently discovered the malignant subtype of human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) characterized by frequent mutations of chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A; however, the biological and molecular functions still remain obscure. We here examined the clinical and biological significances of ARID1A deficiency in human ICC. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the loss of ARID1A was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of ICC patients (P = 0.023). We established ARID1A-knockout (KO) cells by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system from two human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. ARID1A-KO cells exhibited significantly enhanced migration, invasion, and sphere formation activity. Microarray analysis revealed that ALDH1A1, a stemness gene, was the most significantly elevated genes in ARID1A-KO cells. In addition, ALDH enzymatic activity as a hallmark of cancer stem cells was markedly high in the KO cells. ARID1A and histone deacetylase 1 were directly recruited to the ALDH1A1 promoter region in cholangiocarcinoma cells with undetectable ALDH1A1 expression by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The histone H3K27 acetylation level at the ALDH1A1 promoter region was increased in cells when ARID1A was disrupted (P < 0.01). Clinically, inverse correlation between ARID1A and ALDH1A1 expression was also identified in primary ICC (P = 0.018), and ARID1A-negative and ALDH1A1-positve ICCs showed worse prognosis than only ARID1A-negative cases (P = 0.002). In conclusion, ARID1A may function as a tumor suppressor in ICC through transcriptional downregulation of ALDH1A1 expression with decreasing histone H3K27 acetylation. Our studies provide the basis for the development of new epigenetic approaches to ARID1A-negative ICC. Immunohistochemical loss of ARID1A is an independent prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. ARID1A recruits HDAC1 to the promoter region of ALDH1A1, a stemness gene, and epigenetically suppresses ALDH1A1 expression with decreasing histone H3K27 acetylation in cholangiocarcinoma cells.
In situ acoustomagnetic interrogation of a glaucoma valve with integrated wireless microactuator (2017)

This paper describes the design, fabrication and in situ evaluation of a system developed for interrogation of an actuator-integrated glaucoma valve. An implanted glaucoma valve facilitates drainage of aqueous humor from the eye to help lower intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Here, a customized magnetoelastic actuator is integrated on the valve to limit the fibrosis and encapsulation of the valve that can otherwise lead to implant failure. The system described here excites the actuator magnetically and verifies the actuation by sensing the acoustic signals generated by the vibrating actuator. This work focuses on increasing the wireless range, reducing signal feedthrough, and establishing the clinical utility of the system. In vitro experiments performed with the system demonstrate a signal-to-noise ratio of =140. In situ experiments, performed with the actuator-integrated valves implanted in porcine eyes, achieve a signal to noise ratio of 3–6. These are the first recorded acoustic signatures through tissue from a magnetoelastic device in an implanted environment.
Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB® and ANSYS® (2017)

Due to the increasing world population, energy consumption is steadily climbing, and there is a demand to provide solutions for sustainable and renewable energy production, such as wind turbines and photovoltaics. Power electronics are being used to interface renewable sources in order to maximize the energy yield, as well as smoothly integrate them within the grid. In many cases, power electronics are able to ensure a large amount of energy saving in pumps, compressors, and ventilation systems. This book explains the operations behind different renewable generation technologies in order to better prepare the reader for practical applications. Multiple chapters are included on the state-of-the-art and possible technology developments within the next 15 years. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the current renewable energy technology in terms of system configuration, power circuit usage, and control. It contains two design examples for small wind turbine system and PV power system, respectively, which are useful for real-life installation, as well as many computer simulation models.
Low-voltage organic transistors: the effect of a spin-coated smoothing layer on device performance (2006)

In this paper, we have used organic/inorganic double gate dielectrics to enhance pentacene growth and dielectric properties for organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The effects of poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP)/CeO2–SiO2 composite double gate dielectrics on the electrical properties of OTFTs have been investigated. The interface of the gate dielectric and organic semiconductor is one of the physical factors which govern the electrical performance of OTFTs and also the growth of pentacene is largely determined by the surface characteristics of the gate dielectric. Here, when a spin-coated organic smoothing dielectric on an inorganic metal oxide dielectric is used, the growth of pentacene and dielectric properties are significantly improved. We were able to manufacture high-quality pentacene TFTs with a mobility of 1.14 cm2 (V−1 s−1) and an on/off ratio of 104 at operating voltages of less than 5 V.
Enhancing the Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films by Using Polyethyleneimine (2010)

We demonstrate that polyethyleneimine (PEI) stabilizes indium tin oxide (ITO) colloidal suspensions to a wider pH range and enhances the growth rate of the nanoparticle thin film during a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly process. The interaction between the PEI and the ITO nanoparticle surface was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to be mainly due to the electrostatic force between the amine groups of PEI and the ITO particle surface. The enhanced growth rate of ITO thin films was evaluated using a quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results were found to be dependent on the PEI/ITO ratio used. Using the PEI-modified ITO suspension at a PEI/ITO ratio of 0.5 wt %, more than twice the amount of ITO was deposited onto model surfaces, such as cellulose fibers, silicon wafers, and gold electrodes of quartz crystals, when compared against the unmodified suspension. A 2 orders of magnitude higher conductivity was obtained for conductive paper made from PEI-modified, ITO-coated cellulose fibers as compared with paper made from unmodified, ITO-coated cellulose fibers. This enhanced assembly rate is attributed to (1) the relatively constant electrostatic attraction forces between the PEI-modified ITO and PSS maintained during the LBL assembly process, (2) the large number of interaction sites and strong polymer chain entanglement between the PEI-modified ITO and the PSS assembly layers, and (3) the relatively modest interparticle repulsive forces between the PEI-modified ITO nanoparticles.
Pentosidine levels in nonproteinuric diabetes associated with both low estimated glomerular filtration rate and cataract (2012)

Carbonyl stress, as reflected by pentosidine levels, is present in a subset of nonproteinuric diabetic patients. Clinically, this stress was associated with the joint presence of cataract and low eGFR.
Optimierung von Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen bei der Truepoint HD PET/CT zur Erhöhung der diagnostischen Treffsicherheit von Lymphknotenmetastasen bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen (PE) der Kopf-Hals-Region (2011)

Ziele: Rekonstruktionsparameter (RP) beeinflussen sowohl Bildqualität als auch die diagnostische Treffsicherheit von Lymphknotenmetastasen bei Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region. Evaluation optimierter RP in der PET/CT unter Berücksichtigung der histopathologischen Ergebnisse als Goldstandard. Methode: Als Rekonstruktionsparameter wurden 3 Iterationen und 24 Subsets unter Verwendung von Gauss Filtern von 1, 3 und 6mm FWHM definiert. 28 Patienten (7 Frauen, 21Männer; mittleres Alter 61 Jahre) wurden, im Rahmen des initialen Stagings, einer PET/CT (Siemens Biograph TruePointTM) der Kopf-Hals-Region unterzogen. Die PET/CT Daten wurden von 2 Radiologen unabhängig voneinander beurteilt. Die Detektion und Klassifikation der Lymphknoten in “suspekt/nicht suspekt“ erfolgte nach der TNM Klassifikation der Kopf-Hals-Tumoren. Die diagnostische Treffsicherheit beider Radiologen wurde mit der histologischen Verifikation der Lymphknotendignität korreliert. Ebenso wurden Filter-abhängige Schwankungen des SUVmax der Lymphknoten dokumentiert. Ergebnis: Insgesamt wurden 23 benigne und 41 maligne Lymphknoten histologisch gesichert. Die Mittelwerte des SUVmax waren für alle 3 Filter statistisch signifikant (t-test p<0,0001): 6mm benigne 2,8/maligne 4,4; 3mm benigne 3,1/maligne 5,2; 1mm benigne 3,1/maligne 5,3. Die Sensitivität für die Detektion maligner Lymphknoten erhöhte sich mit abnehmender Filtergröße: 6mm 88%/50% Sensitivität/Spezifität (Chi Square p<0,0021), 3mm 91%/27% Sensitivität/Spezifität (Chi Square p<0,05), 1mm 92%/26% Sensitivität/Spezifität (Chi Square p<0,05). Schlussfolgerung: Optimierte Rekonstruktionsparameter in der Evaluation von Kopf-Hals Tumoren erhöhen die diagnostische Treffsicherheit von Lymphknotenmetastasen und tragen somit zu einer präzisen OP Planung bei.
Temperature-Responsive Smart Nanocarriers for Delivery Of Therapeutic Agents: Applications and Recent Advances (2016)

Smart drug delivery systems (DDSs) have attracted the attention of many scientists, as carriers that can be stimulated by changes in environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, light, electromagnetic fields, mechanical forces, etc. These smart nanocarriers can release their cargo on demand when their target is reached and the stimulus is applied. Using the techniques of nanotechnology, these nanocarriers can be tailored to be target-specific, and exhibit delayed or controlled release of drugs. Temperature-responsive nanocarriers are one of most important groups of smart nanoparticles (NPs) that have been investigated during the past decades. Temperature can either act as an external stimulus when heat is applied from the outside, or can be internal when pathological lesions have a naturally elevated termperature. A low critical solution temperature (LCST) is a special feature of some polymeric materials, and most of the temperature-responsive nanocarriers have been designed based on this feature. In this review, we attempt to summarize recent efforts to prepare innovative temperature-responsive nanocarriers and discuss their novel applications.
SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infectivity and expression of viral entry‐related factors ACE2, TMPRSS2, Kim‐1, and NRP‐1 in human cells from the respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive, and immune systems (2021)

Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a wide spectrum of syndromes involving multiple organ systems and is primarily mediated by viral spike (S) glycoprotein through the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and numerous cellular proteins including ACE2, transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). In this study, we examined the entry tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV using S protein-based pseudoviruses to infect 22 cell lines and 3 types of primary cells isolated from respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive, and immune systems. At least one cell line or type of primary cell from each organ system was infected by both pseudoviruses. Infection by pseudoviruses is effectively blocked by S1, RBD, and ACE2 recombinant proteins, and more weakly by Kim-1 and NRP-1 recombinant proteins. Furthermore, cells with robust SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection had strong expression of either ACE2 or Kim-1 and NRP-1 proteins. ACE2 glycosylation appeared to be critical for the infections of both viruses as there was a positive correlation between infectivity of either SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV pseudovirus with the level of glycosylated ACE2 (gly-ACE2). These results reveal that SARS-CoV-2 cell entry could be mediated by either an ACE2-dependent or -independent mechanism, thus providing a likely molecular basis for its broad tropism for a wide variety of cell types.
Patient-Specific Cerebral Aneurysm Hemodynamics: Comparison of in vitro Volumetric Particle Velocimetry, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and in vivo 4D Flow MRI (2019)

Typical approaches to patient-specific hemodynamic studies of cerebral aneurysms use image based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and seek to statistically correlate parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) to risk of growth and rupture. However, such studies have reported contradictory results, emphasizing the need for in-depth comparisons of volumetric experiments and CFD. In this work, we conducted tomographic particle velocimetry experiments using two patient-specific cerebral aneurysm models (basilar tip and internal carotid artery) under pulsatile flow conditions and processed the particle images using Shake the Box (STB), a particle tracking method. The STB data was compared to that obtained from in vivo 4D flow MRI and CFD. Although qualitative agreement of flow pathlines across modalities was observed, each modality maintained notably unique spatiotemporal distributions of low normalized WSS regions. Analysis of time averaged WSS (TAWSS), OSI, and Relative Residence Time (RRT) demonstrated that non-dimensional parameters, such as OSI, may be more robust to the varying assumptions, limitations, and spatial resolutions of each subject and modality. These results suggest a need for further multi-modality analysis as well as development of non-dimensional hemodynamic parameters and correlation of such metrics to aneurysm risk of growth and rupture.
A Prospective Randomized FDA-IDE Trial Comparing Cortoss With PMMA for Vertebroplasty (2011)

Vertebroplasty using either Cortoss or PMMA provides effective, immediate, and lasting pain relief and prevents further loss of function. Both materials performed comparably at most time points; Cortoss demonstrated better results for pain reduction at 3 months and for function at 24 months.
Effects of Mg Additions on Surface Morphology and Corrosion Resistance of Hot-Dipped Zn Coatings (2008)

Steel is still the main construction material for automobiles, general equipment and industrial machinery. Hot dipping has been proven to be an excellent method of corrosion protection of steels for a wide range of applications worldwide. Coatings of Zn-Al alloys on steel sheet have high corrosion resistance due to the corrosion prevention ability from Zn and the passivation of Al Bath composition, immersion velocity/time and substrate composition are the hot dipping parameters that more influence on the thickness and corrosion resistance of the deposited coating. In order to study their influence small amounts of magnesium were added. Experiments were performed in a hot dipping simulator using different substrates, bath compositions and hot dipping parameters. Surface layers were characterised by: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX or EDS). Cyclic corrosion tests were performed in order to observe the corrosion resistance for different Zn-Al-Mg coatings. Results show that the microstructure and composition of the substrate strongly affect the desired coating properties. Nevertheless, the influence of the magnesium on coating thickness is relevant, increasing when added in small quantities in a molten bath of Zn-5wt %Al. The quality and microstructure of the coating is affected by the amount of Mg in the bath. Cyclic corrosion tests results show that the quality of the coating is affected by the amount of Mg in the bath.
Polar in-plane surface orientation of a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal: Polar monodomains and twisted state electro-optics (2021)

We show that surface interactions can vectorially structure the three-dimensional polarization field of a ferroelectric fluid. The contact between a ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal and a surface with in-plane polarity generates a preferred in-plane orientation of the polarization field at that interface. This is a route to the formation of fluid or glassy monodomains of high polarization without the need for electric field poling. For example, unidirectional buffing of polyimide films on planar surfaces to give quadrupolar in-plane anisotropy also induces macroscopic in-plane polar order at the surfaces, enabling the formation of a variety of azimuthal polar director structures in the cell interior, including uniform and twisted states. In a π-twist cell, obtained with antiparallel, unidirectional buffing on opposing surfaces, we demonstrate three distinct modes of ferroelectric nematic electro-optic response: intrinsic, viscosity-limited, field-induced molecular reorientation; field-induced motion of domain walls separating twisted states of opposite chirality; and propagation of polarization reorientation solitons from the cell plates to the cell center upon field reversal. Chirally doped ferroelectric nematics in antiparallel-rubbed cells produce Grandjean textures of helical twist that can be unwound via field-induced polar surface reorientation transitions. Fields required are in the 3-V/mm range, indicating an in-plane polar anchoring energy of <i>w</i> <sub>P</sub> ∼3 × 10<sup>-3</sup> J/m<sup>2</sup>.
Integration of signals/systems and electromagnetics courses through the design of a communication system for a cardiac pacemaker (2005)

The integration of multiple concepts and courses through laboratory design projects are part of a new experimental program at the University of Utah, supported by the National Science Foundation, the College of Engineering, and the University of Utah. One such project is the design of an FSK communication system for a cardiac pacemaker, which combines labs from the junior-level "signals and systems" courses and the junior-level electromagnetics course, which are both taught in the same semester. The electromagnetic and the signal and system labs are briefly described in this paper.
Three-Dimensional Structure of the Ligand-Binding Core of GluR2 in Complex with the Agonist (S)-ATPA:  Implications for Receptor Subunit Selectivity (2003)

Two X-ray structures of the GluR2 ligand-binding core in complex with (S)-2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid ((S)-ATPA) have been determined with and without Zn(2+) ions. (S)-ATPA induces a domain closure of ca. 21 degrees compared to the apo form. The tert-butyl moiety of (S)-ATPA is buried in a partially hydrophobic pocket and forces the ligand into the glutamate-like binding mode. The structures provide new insight into the molecular basis of agonist selectivity between AMPA and kainate receptors.
Anonymous authentication with subset queries (extended abstract) (1999)

We develop new schemes for anonymous authentication that support identity escrow. Our protocols also allow a prover to demonstrate membership in an arbitrary subset of users; key revocation is an important special case of this feature. Using the Fiat-Shamir heuristic, our interactive authentication protocols yield new constructions for non-interactive group signature schemes. We use the higher-residuosity assumption, which leads to greater efficiency and more natural security proofs than previous constructions. It also leads to an increased vulnerability to collusion attacks, although countermeasures are available.