gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron microscopy of a muscovite–biotite interface (1982)

An intergrowth of muscovite and biotite from Mitchell Creek Mine, Upson County, Georgia, was studied with a high resolution transmission electron microscope. Atomic arrangements of the interface between muscovite and biotite have been derived, revealing far more complexity for the interface structure than that proposed previously based on optical and X-ray analysis (Gresens and Stensrud, 1971). It was found that the muscovite has an almost perfectly ordered 2M 1 structure, while the biotite is highly disordered. Despite such disorder in biotite, both octahedral layers and K ion interlayers of the two minerals are connected perfectly at the interface, while about 60% of the tetrahedral sheets are discontinued across the interface. Occasional occurrences of coherent intergrowths of chlorite-like structure in biotite were recognized in the vicinity of the interface.--Journal abstract.
S950 Symptomology Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Relative to Healthcare Workers (2021)

Introduction: A common reason for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is fear of post-vaccination adverse events (PMID 33549869). Post-vaccination symptoms within an IBD cohort were less frequent among those on biologic and immunosuppressive therapies (PMID 34047304). However, post-vaccination symptomology in IBD relative to a non-IBD population is unknown. Methods: We compared post-vaccination symptoms between healthcare workers (HCW) without IBD at an academic medical center and adult IBD patients both at the same center and across the United States. Recipients of BNT162b2 (Pfizer) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines received automated electronic surveys one week after each dose to assess frequency, severity and duration of local and systemic post-vaccine symptoms. Significant symptoms were defined as moderate severity (at least some interference with daily activities) or greater, or duration lasting >2 days. We compared proportions using Chi-square; multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Results: Overall, 2324 subjects including 1391 with IBD (65% Crohn’s disease, 35% ulcerative colitis) and 933 HCW were included (Table 1). Overall, symptom frequency was lower in IBD compared to HCW after each dose (D1: 37% vs. 54%, P < 0.0001; D2: 55.5% vs 73.2%, P < 0.0001). After each dose, IBD subjects reported fewer injection site symptoms, fever or chills, fatigue or malaise, headache, dizziness, or lightheadedness, and muscle, bone, joint or nerve symptoms compared to HCW (P < 0.001 for each), but experienced more gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms after D1 (2.9% vs 6.0%, P = 0.001) but not after D2 (12.1% vs 12.7%, P = 0.75). Most symptoms were non-severe and lasted < 2 days. There were no differences in the proportion of those experiencing significant AE after either dose between IBD and HCW (Figure 1). On multivariable analysis, age >50 years and IBD were independently associated with fewer symptoms after both D1 (age OR 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 – 0.73), P < 0.001; IBD OR 0.45 (0.37 – 0.55, P < 0.001) and D2 (age OR 0.52 (95% CI 0.42 – 0.63), P < 0.001; IBD OR 0.44 (0.35 – 0.55, P < 0.001). Conclusion: IBD patients had overall fewer local and systemic symptoms after each dose, except for more frequent GI symptoms after D1 only. People with IBD can be reassured that post-vaccination symptoms are significantly reduced compared to HCW. Further study of post-vaccination GI symptoms in IBD is warranted.Figure 1.: Proportion of subjects experiencing varying degrees of local and systemic symptom severity after each SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose (IBD, purple dots; healthcare workers, black dots)Table 1.: Proportion of symptoms experienced in IBD patients compared to healthcare workers after each dose of mRNA vaccination
TGF-β loaded exosome enhances ischemic wound healing in vitro and in vivo (2021)

<b>Rationale:</b> With over seven million infections and $25 billion treatment cost, chronic ischemic wounds are one of the most serious complications in the United States. The controlled release of bioactive factor enriched exosome from finbrin gel was a promising strategy to promote wound healing. <b>Methods:</b> To address this unsolved problem, we developed clinical-grade platelets exosome product (PEP), which was incorporate with injectable surgical fibrin sealant (TISSEEL), to promote chronic wound healing and complete skin regeneration. The PEP characterization stimulated cellular activities and <i>in vivo</i> rabbit ischemic wound healing capacity of TISSEEL-PEP were performed and analyzed. <b>Results:</b> PEP, enriched with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), possessed exosomal characteristics including exosome size, morphology, and typical markers including CD63, CD9, and ALG-2-interacting protein X (Alix). <i>In vitro</i>, PEP significantly promoted cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, as well as skin organoid formation. Topical treatment of ischemic wounds with TISSEEL-PEP promoted full-thickness healing with the reacquisition of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Superior to untreated and TISSEEL-only treated controls, TISSEEL-PEP drove cutaneous healing associated with collagen synthesis and restoration of dermal architecture. Furthermore, PEP promoted epithelial and vascular cell activity enhancing angiogenesis to restore blood flow and mature skin function. Transcriptome deconvolution of TISSEEL-PEP versus TISSEEL-only treated wounds prioritized regenerative pathways encompassing neovascularization, matrix remodeling and tissue growth. <b>Conclusion:</b> This room-temperature stable, lyophilized exosome product is thus capable of delivering a bioactive transforming growth factor beta to drive regenerative events.
Intracellular Ca2+ pools in PC12 cells. A unique, rapidly exchanging pool is sensitive to both inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and caffeine-ryanodine. (1991)

Release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores was studied in the parent PC12 cell line and in recently isolated clones sensitive or insensitive to caffeine. In the caffeine-sensitive cells the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) responses by the xanthine drug and by stimulants of receptors coupled to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-P3) generation (bradykinin, ATP) depend on separate pathways because 1) caffeine does not stimulate the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and 2) Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release, the process activated by caffeine, plays no major role in the Ins-P3-induced Ca2+ mobilization. Although distinct, these two mechanisms converge onto the same Ca2+ store. In fact 1) the [Ca2+]i responses by receptor agonists and caffeine were not additive; 2) either type of agent reduced (up to complete inhibition) the response to a subsequent administration of the same or the other agent; 3) all these responses were prevented by selective Ca2+ ATPase blockers; 4) ryanodine, which affects the intracellular Ca2+ channel sensitive to caffeine, also induced depletion of the receptor-sensitive Ca2+ pool; 5) in the 10 PC12 clones tested, sensitivity to caffeine paralleled ryanodine sensitivity. Therefore, PC12 cells, similar to some smooth muscle fibers but at variance with neurons and other secretory cells, express a single, rapidly exchanging Ca2+ store in which two distinct intracellular Ca2+ channels, i.e. the receptors for caffeine-ryanodine and Ins-P3, appear to be colocalized.
Charge-transfer phase transition and zero thermal expansion in caesium manganese hexacyanoferrates (2006)

A series of caesium manganese hexacyanoferrates is prepared; Cs(I)(1.78)Mn(II)[Fe(II)(CN)6]0.78[Fe(III)(CN)6](0.22) (1), Cs(I)(1.57)Mn(II)[Fe(II)(CN)6]0.57[Fe(III)(CN)6](0.43) (2), Cs(I)(1.51)Mn(II)[Fe(II)(CN)6]0.51[Fe(III)(CN)6](0.49) (3), and Cs(I)(0.94)Mn(II)[Fe(II)(CN)6]0.21[Fe(III)(CN)6](0.70).0.8H2O (4). 1-3 show charge-transfer phase transitions between the high-temperature (HT) and low-temperature (LT) phases with transition temperatures (T(1/2 downward arrow), T(1/2 upward arrow)) of (207 K, 225 K) (1), (190 K, 231 K) (2), and (175 K, 233 K) (3) at a cooling and warming rates of 0.5 K min(-1). Variable temperature IR spectra indicate that the valence states of the LT phases of 1-3 are Cs(I)(1.78)Mn(II)(0.78)Mn(III)(0.22)[Fe(II)(CN)6], Cs(I)(1.57)Mn(II)(0.57)Mn(III)(0.43)[Fe(II)(CN)6], and Cs(I)(1.51)Mn(II)(0.51)Mn(III)(0.49) [Fe(II)(CN)6], respectively. The XRD measurements for 1-3 show that crystal structures of the HT and LT phases are cubic structures (Fm3[combining macron]m), but the lattice constants decrease from the HT phase to the LT phase; a = 10.5446(17) --> 10.4280(7) A (1), 10.5589(17) --> 10.3421(24) A (2), and 10.5627(11) --> 10.3268(23) A (3). The magnetization vs. temperature curves and the magnetization vs. external magnetic field curves show that the LT phases are ferromagnetic with Curie temperatures of 4.3 (1), 5.0 (2), and 5.6 K (3). At a cooling rate of -0.5 K min(-1), 4 does not show the charge-transfer phase transition, but does show a behavior of zero thermal expansion with a thermal expansivity of +0.2 x 10(-6) K(-1) throughout the temperature range 300 and 20 K.
Design of a micro-opto-mechanical ultrasound sensor for photoacoustic imaging (2020)

Optical ultrasound sensing is a promising technique for the emerging field of biomedical photoacoustic imaging. Previously at imec, micro-opto-mechanical sensors with integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers were designed and demonstrated as highly sensitive for static pressure sensing. At quasi-static pressures, they are demonstrated to operate as a sensitive microphone. In this study, the application range is extended to include dynamic pressures targeting a proof of concept for a photoacoustic imaging application. To achieve this, the dynamic behavior of the pressure sensor is firstly characterized, showing its resonance frequency at 73.8 kHz. Since this is below the range desired in photoacoustic imaging, several approaches for resonance frequency increase are investigated, resulting positively for incomplete membrane release and new designs. These approaches are analyzed based on the evaluated sensor sensitivity, allowing the selection of optimal design. The mentioned evaluation of sensor sensitivity is possible due to a developed methodology based on measurement data, analytical and accurate acousto-mechanical finite element models. The developed methodology is demonstrated throughout a range of membrane sizes, frequencies and modes of vibration allowing the selection of maximum sensitivity design. In this study, a micro-opto-mechanical ultrasound sensor based on integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer is designed for 1 MHz operation in a photoacoustic imaging environment and optimized for sensitivity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanofibers on Transition Metal Catalysts by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2015)

Carbon nanofibers were synthesized on transition metal (Fe, Co, Cu) catalysts by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). The variations of thickness and surface of the fibers were investigated according to the concentration of the transition metal. In order to prepare the metal catalysts for synthesis, transition metal nitrate and copper nitrate at a weight ratio were dissolved in distilled water. The obtained catalyst precipitates were filtered and then dried for more than 24 hours at 110 degrees C. Carbon nanofibers were synthesized by using ethylene gas of carbon source by CVD after pulverization of the fully-dried catalyst precipitates. They were characterized by SEM, EDS, Raman, XRD, XPS and TG/DTA, and their specific surface area was measured by BET. The characteristics of the synthesized carbon nanofibers were greatly influenced by the concentration ratio of the metal catalysts. Especially, uniform carbon nanofibers grew when the concentration ratio of Fe and Cu was 7:3, and that of Co and Cu was 6:4. Carbon nanofibers synthesized under such concentration conditions had the best crystallizability, compared to carbon nanofibers synthesized with metal catalysts of different concentration ratios, and revealed high amorphicity as well as high specific surface area.
Segregation-induced Ge precipitation in Ge2Sb2Te5 and N-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 line cells (2022)

Electromigration in Ge2Sb2Te5 and N-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 line cell structures has been studied by mapping out electric field/current-induced composition changes using x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Both materials exhibit pronounced segregation in a molten state, with Te moving toward the anode and Ge and Sb toward the cathode. The width of the transition region from a composition of over 90% Te to over 90% Ge–Sb was 500 nm for an electric field of 1.1 × 107 V/m. In the Ge–Sb-rich end of the cell, Ge precipitates out of the melt, forming almost pure Ge inclusions with a size up to 100 nm. The Ge–Sb–Te segregation and precipitation do not appear to be affected by doping with nitrogen.
Tendon creep is potentiated by NKISK and relaxin which produce collagen fiber sliding. (2003)

The pentapeptide NKISK has been reported to inhibit the binding of decorin, a proteoglycan on the surface of collagen fibrils, to fibronectin, a tissue adhesion molecule. Relaxin has been shown to be effective in relaxing ligaments and other connective tissues. Through collagen staining studies, we have previously demonstrated that collagen fiber sliding is important during changes in ligament length. Because of our interest in fibril-fibril binding as it relates to changes in length of tendon or ligament, we investigated the potential of NKISK, relaxin, or both in combination to potentiate creep. We suspended stained rat tail tendons in test solutions under a constant stress and observed length changes and subsequent collagen fiber sliding. Both NKISK and relaxin potentiated rat tail tendon creep with changes in length most likely occurring as a result of collagen fiber sliding as evidenced by photomicrography.
A Rat Sciatic Nerve Model for Independent Assessment of Sensory and Motor Block Induced by Local Anesthetics (1992)

The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable model to independently quantify motor and sensory block produced by local anesthetics. The sciatic nerve was blocked in 52 rats by injecting 0.2 mL of 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, or 0.75% bupivacaine (n = 13 for each concentration). Accurate needle placement was achieved using a nerve stimulator at 0.2 mA and 1 Hz. Ten control rats received 0.9% saline (n = 5) or sham nerve stimulation (n = 5). Motor block was assessed by measuring hindpaw grip strength with a dynamometer. Sensory block was determined by measuring hindpaw withdrawal latency from radiant heat. The intensity of both motor and sensory block measured at 30-min intervals was plotted against time until full recovery to obtain the area under the curve. Intergroup comparisons using analysis of variance showed increasing area under the curve with increasing concentrations of bupivacaine for motor blocks (P < 0.05 for all intergroup comparisons except 0.5% vs 0.75%) and sensory blocks (P < 0.05 for all intergroup comparisons). Normal saline or sham nerve stimulation did not result in any motor or sensory block.
Convergence of Fixed and Mobile Networks (2011)

This chapter gives overview of one of a recent trend in telecommunication convergence: fixed-mobile convergence (FMC). Its types, implications, and main challenges are identified and analyzed with special respect to the protocols employed. The future integration of fixed and mobile access to next generation networks (NGN) is investigated from several aspects, such as AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) protocols, network and application layer mobility management solutions, and policy control. The focus is on access and core networks where the convergence is going to take place. At the end, a short outlook is given to near future mobile trends.
Methanetrisulfonic Acid: A Highly Efficient Strongly Acidic Catalyst for Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation Reactions. Examples from Vitamin E Synthesis (2009)

Methanetrisulfonic acid had been prepared for the first time over 140 years ago, but it was used only scarcely in chemical transformations. In the course of our activities dealing with key-steps of industrial syntheses of vitamins, e.g. economically important vitamin E (acetate), we found that methanetrisulfonic acid is an extremely effective catalyst in a variety of reactions. Examples of its applications are Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements, Friedel-Crafts alkylations and ring closures, as well as acylation reactions. Use of this catalyst in truly catalytic amounts (0.04-1.0 mol%) resulted in highly selective transformations and yields over 95%. (Remark by the authors: We are describing only one example each for the various types of reactions. Therefore, it would be more appropriate to write (here and in the Introduction and in the Conclusion sections): “Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and ring closure, as well as acylation reactions”)
Combination of recommender system and single-particle diagnosis for accelerated discovery of novel nitrides (2021)

Discovery of new compounds from wide chemical space is attractive for materials researchers. However, theoretical prediction and validation experiments have not been systematically integrated. Here, we demonstrate that a new combined approach is powerful in significantly accelerating the discovery rate of new compounds, which should be useful for exploration of a wide chemical space in general. A recommender system for chemically relevant composition is constructed by machine learning of Inorganic Crystal Structure Database using chemical compositional descriptors. Synthesis and identification experiments are made at the chemical compositions with high recommendation scores by the single-particle diagnosis method. Two new compounds, La<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>AlN<sub>9</sub> and La<sub>26</sub>Si<sub>41</sub>N<sub>80</sub>O, and two new variants (isomorphic substitutions) of known compounds, La<sub>7</sub>Si<sub>6</sub>N<sub>15</sub> and La<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>5</sub>N<sub>10</sub>O, are successfully discovered. Finally, density functional theory calculations are conducted for La<sub>4</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>AlN<sub>9</sub> to confirm the energetic and dynamical stability and to reveal its atomic arrangement.
MMSE combining scheme with subblock noise covariance matrix for fractional sampling-OFDM receivers (2008)

A diversity scheme with fractional sampling (FS) in OFDM receivers is investigated recently. When a sharp filter is employed, the correlation of noise samples among the adjacent subcarriers increases, and the performance of this scheme is deteriorated. Therefore, low-complexity subcarrier based MMSE combining scheme with the subblock of the noise covariance matrix is proposed in this paper. Numerical results through computer simulation show that the MMSE combining scheme proposed in this paper can outperforms a conventional MRC scheme and a subcarrier based MMSE combining scheme, when the sharp filter is employed.
1160: Loupes vs. Laparoscope vs. Da Vinci Robot: Does Higher Magnification Translate Into Improved Resolution, Contrast Discrimination and Color Differentiation in vitro? (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 23, 2006, 9:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20061160: Loupes vs. Laparoscope vs. Da Vinci Robot: Does Higher Magnification Translate Into Improved Resolution, Contrast Discrimination and Color Differentiation in vitro? James F. Borin, Corollos S. Abdelshehid, Elspeth M. McDougall, and Ralph V. Clayman James F. BorinJames F. Borin More articles by this author , Corollos S. AbdelshehidCorollos S. Abdelshehid More articles by this author , Elspeth M. McDougallElspeth M. McDougall More articles by this author , and Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33385-8AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1160: Loupes vs. Laparoscope vs. Da Vinci Robot: Does Higher Magnification Translate Into Improved Resolution, Contrast Discrimination and Color Differentiation in vitro?." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 373 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byMagera J, Inman B, Slezak J, Bagniewski S, Sebo T and Myers R (2007) Increased Optical Magnification From 2.5× to 4.3× With Technical Modification Lowers the Positive Margin Rate in Open Radical Retropubic ProstatectomyJournal of Urology, VOL. 179, NO. 1, (130-135), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2008. Volume 175 Issue 4S April 2006 Page: 373 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetrics Author Information James F. Borin More articles by this author Corollos S. Abdelshehid More articles by this author Elspeth M. McDougall More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Stille Couplings with Fluorous Tin Reactants:  Attractive Features for Preparative Organic Synthesis and Liquid-Phase Combinatorial Synthesis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTStille Couplings with Fluorous Tin Reactants: Attractive Features for Preparative Organic Synthesis and Liquid-Phase Combinatorial SynthesisDennis P. Curran and Masahide HoshinoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 19, 6480–6481Publication Date (Web):September 20, 1996Publication History Received10 July 1996Published online20 September 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jo961309xCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views651Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (113 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Chemical reactions,Coupling reactions,Mixtures,Reagents Get e-Alerts