gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycosidically bound aroma compounds in the fruits of Prunus species: apricot (P. armeniaca, L.), peach (P. persica, L.), yellow plum (P. domestica, L. ssp. syriaca) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlycosidically bound aroma compounds in the fruits of Prunus species: apricot (P. armeniaca, L.), peach (P. persica, L.), yellow plum (P. domestica, L. ssp. syriaca)Gerhard Krammer, Peter Winterhalter, Melanie Schwab, and Peter SchreierCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 4, 778–781Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00004a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00004a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views722Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Perspective: Physiologic Importance of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Nondigestible Carbohydrate Fermentation (2019)

In recent years, it has become increasingly obvious that dietary fiber or nondigestible carbohydrate (NDC) consumption is critical for maintaining optimal health and managing symptoms of metabolic disease. In accordance with this, the US FDA released its first official definition of dietary fiber in 2016 for regulation of Nutrition and Supplement Facts labels. Included in this definition is the requirement of an isolated or synthetic NDC to produce an accepted physiologic health benefit, such as improved laxation or reduced fasting cholesterol concentrations, upon consumption. Even though NDC fermentation and production of short-chain fatty acids elicit many physiologic effects, including serving as a source of energy for colonocytes, curbing glycemic response and satiety, promoting weight loss, enhancing mineral absorption, reducing systemic inflammation, and improving intestinal health, the process of fermentation is not considered a physiologic endpoint. Instead, expensive and laborious clinical trials must be conducted and an accepted physiologic benefit observed. In this review, we discuss the physiologic importance of NDC fermentation through extensive examination of clinical evidence and propose that the degree of fermentability of an NDC, rather than the endpoints of a clinical trial, may be appropriate for classifying it as a dietary fiber.
Sparsity-Based Reconstruction of Subwavelength Images from their Optical Far-Field (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Szameit, Y. Shechtman, S. Gazit, Y. C. Eldar, and M. Segev, "Sparsity-Based Reconstruction of Subwavelength Images from their Optical Far-Field," Optics & Photonics News 21(12), 26-26 (2010) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Wylie Vale: Neuroendocrine master (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
An instantaneous ECV with no blood sampling: using native blood T1 for hematocrit is as good as standard ECV (2015)

Background The extracellular volume fraction (ECV) by T1 mapping measures the size of the myocardial interstitium. T1 changes in blood and myocardium are used to measure the contrast partition coefficient (l), and substituting in the blood volume of distribution (directly measured on a peripheral blood sample as one minus the hematocrit [Hct]) provides the ECV. This methodology is however cumbersome, has significant variability, introduces a delay and is a barrier to wider use of ECV quantification in clinical practice. We have previously observed a strong relationship between ShMOLLI T1blood and Hct [Piechnik, JCMR 2013, 15:13] and hypothesise that this could be used to infer the Hct at the time of scan and permit immediate ECV calculation without blood sampling (ECVNo Hct).
In silico design of a novel nucleotide antiviral agent by free energy perturbation (2022)

Nucleoside analogs are the backbone of antiviral therapies. Drugs from this class undergo processing by host or viral kinases to form the active nucleoside triphosphate species that selectively inhibits the viral polymerase. It is the central hypothesis that the nucleoside triphosphate analog must be a favorable substrate for the viral polymerase and the nucleoside precursor must be a satisfactory substrate for the host kinases to inhibit viral replication. Herein, free energy perturbation (FEP) was used to predict substrate affinity for both host and viral enzymes. Several uridine 5'-monophosphate prodrug analogs known to inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) were utilized in this study to validate the use of FEP. Binding free energies to the host monophosphate kinase and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were calculated for methyl-substituted uridine analogs. The 2'-C-methyl-uridine and 4'-C-methyl-uridine scaffolds delivered favorable substrate binding to the host kinase and HCV RdRp that were consistent with results from cellular antiviral activity in support of our new approach. In a prospective evaluation, FEP results suggest that 2'-C-dimethyl-uridine scaffold delivered favorable monophosphate and triphosphate substrates for both host kinase and HCV RdRp, respectively. Novel 2'-C-dimethyl-uridine monophosphate prodrug was synthesized and exhibited sub-micromolar inhibition of HCV replication. Using this novel approach, we demonstrated for the first time that nucleoside analogs can be rationally designed that meet the multi-target requirements for antiviral activity.
Mobile HTTP-based streaming using flexible LTE base station control (2015)

This paper investigates the advantage of adopting a flexible resource control scheme when performing HTTP-based adaptive streaming across LTE systems. To guarantee video fluidity, mobile video streaming is known to require a large bandwidth overhead with respect to the net encoded video rate. The quality of a received video stream is impacted by variations in the size of the transmitted video packets (chunks), and by statistical fluctuations in the data rate at which the allocated downstream wireless channel operates. First, in considering an illustrative video scenario, we show that the chunk size distribution is heavy-tailed, and is well fit by a Gamma distribution. Second, we employ a HAS based proxy video manager and resource controller at the base station node. Based on the channel quality observed and reported by a mobile client, the manager selects the proper channel bandwidth and data rate levels at which to transmit the stream's chunks, in accordance with the selected encoded video rate and the configured Quality of Experience (QoE) level at which the user is targeted to receive the video stream.The communications data rate is also set to assure an acceptable low video reception stall probability. To illustrate the performance of such a dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme, we compare it with an operation that employs a stationary setting of the channel bandwidth, and we compute the gain achieved when such adaptations are performed at the base station node on a chunk by chunk basis. We show by analysis, and confirm by simulations, the improvements achieved in the system's performance behavior through the use of the adaptive resource allocation scheme.
Is evolutionary science in conflict with Adam and Eve? (2021)

Is evolutionary science in conflict with Adam and Eve?
Atomically Precise Clusters: Chemical Evolution of Molecular Matter at the Nanoscale (2023)

The chemistry of nanoparticles with atomic precision has become a subject of interest due to the unique physical and chemical properties of these systems in comparison to their bulk counterparts. Nanoparticles typically contain thousands of atoms, arranged in a specific fashion. There is a need to bridge the gap between single atoms and nanoparticles to understand the size evolution of matter. This regime, composed of a few atoms, is called nanoclusters having size in the range of 1 to 3 nm, with a precise number of atoms, with well-defined structure and properties. Most of studied materials in this class are composed of noble metals. Various techniques, including UV/vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single crystal XRD, reveal their molecular nature. Their unique electronic properties can be used for applications in the fields of catalysis, sensing, magnetism, medicinal, bio-imaging, etc. This article touches upon the basics of nanoclusters, their synthesis, characterization, atomic structures, and supramolecular arrangements. We hope that this work provides a brief understanding of nanoclusters and inspires young scientists to conduct research in the chemistry of clusters.
TRANSIENT P70S6K ACTIVATION CORRELATES WITH SKELETAL MUSCLE HYPERTROPHY IN THE RAT. (1998)

287 In vivo experiments using high resistance activity, have demonstrated that muscle initially responds by increasing the rate of protein synthesis. Using a modified version of the Wong and Booth (1988) protocol, rats were stimulated twice a week for six weeks. This stimulation protocol resulted in a statistically significant (p<0.05) hypertrophy in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles(13.3±4.6% and 15.4±4.3% respectively) with no hypertrophy in the soleus (SOL) muscle (-3.2±4.7%). Polysome profiles, generated from the TA and EDL following a single bout of hypertrophic exercise, show a shift to heavier polysomes, while polysome profiles from the soleus were unchanged. This suggests that the increase in protein synthesis following a hypertrophic stimulus is, in part, due to an increase in the rate of initiation of translation. In mammals, p70S6K activity is tightly correlated with the rate of initiation. Therefore, p70S6K activity in muscles following the hypertrophic stimulus was assayed. Western blots demonstrated that following exercise-stimulation, p70S6K activity was unchanged in the soleus while it was significantly increased in both the TA and EDL muscles. Interestingly, in the TA and EDL, p70S6K activity shows only a slight increase immediately following stimulation (TA=68±24%; EDL=92±18%). The maximal activation of p70S6K in both muscles occured between 3 and 6 hours following the hypertrophic stimulus (TA=363±29% and 346±15%; EDL=353±39% and 346±33% respectively) and remained elevated through 36 hours (TA=204±28%; EDL=136±21%). The time course and duration of activation suggests that the mechanical stimulus does not directly result in a change in the activity of p70S6K. Instead, these dynamics suggest that an autocrine/paracrine response to the increased workload may be important in signaling an increase in the rate of protein synthesis.
Electric Field Breakdown Properties of Materials Used in Ion Optics Systems (2006)

Measurements are presented of the electric field at breakdown for perforated flat plates fabricated from carbon-carbon (CC) composite, Poco graphite, pyrolytic graphite (PG), and molybdenum.The perforated flat plates represent electrodes used in ion sources and ion thrusters and measurements are made with and without ion beamlet extraction through the perforations.A ranking of the materials is presented of their suitability in ion source applications in terms of their electrical breakdown characteristics.For effective use in space missions, materials for ion optics systems must be capable of withstanding moderate electric field stress for long periods of time.In this regard, a simple analysis is presented where thrust density is shown to vary with the square of the electric field.This result suggests that a 50% increase in electric field will result in 125% higher thrust density and a thruster area reduction factor of 0.44.The reduction in thruster area would enable a commiserate decrease in thruster and gimbal specific mass.Experimental data are presented on the field emission onset, electric field enhancement factor, and electrical breakdown properties of the materials listed above as a function of conditioning state, grid spacing, and charge transfer level per arc.Tests results are presented for both beginning of life electrodes and for electrodes that have been heavily worn.
Local stabilization of subunit-subunit contacts causes global destabilization of Hepatitis B virus capsids (2020)

Abstract Development of antiviral molecules that bind virion is a strategy that remains in its infancy and the details of their mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we investigate the behavior of DBT1, a dibenzothiazapine, which specifically interacts with the capsid protein of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). We found that DBT1 stabilizes protein-protein interaction, accelerates capsid assembly, and can induce formation of aberrant particles. Paradoxically, DBT1 can cause pre-formed capsids to dissociate. These activities may lead to (i) assembly of empty and defective capsids, inhibiting formation of new virus and (ii) disruption of mature viruses, which are metastable, to inhibit new infection. Using cryo-electron microscopy we observed that DBT1 led to asymmetric capsids where well-defined DBT1 density was bound at all inter-subunit contacts. These results suggest that DBT1 can support assembly by increasing buried surface area but induce disassembly of metastable capsids by favoring asymmetry to induce structural defects.
Computing DC large change sensitivities (1989)

Large change sensitivities are needed in many situations since parameters are subjected to variations that are not small. The authors have implemented three different methods in SPICE3 for computing DC large change sensitivities. The incremental approach is observed to give speed improvements of more than an order of magnitude over the direct approach
High efficiency AlGaInN-based light emitting diode in the 360–380 nm wavelength range (2003)

High performance LEDs emitting in the wavelength range 360–380 nm, are fabricated on sapphire substrates by one-time metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) without using epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) or similar techniques. By improving layer structures and growth conditions, the output power of the LEDs was much improved. The light output power of the LEDs at an injection current of 20 mA is 3.2 mW, 2.5 mW and 1 mW at wavelengths of 378 nm, 373 nm and 363 nm, which correspond to an external quantum efficiency of 4.8%, 3.8% and 1.4%, respectively. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Coordinated interaction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the adult songbird brain. (2002)

Neurogenesis proceeds throughout life in the higher vocal center (HVC) of the adult songbird neostriatum. Testosterone induces neuronal addition and endothelial division in HVC. We asked if testosterone-induced angiogenesis might contribute importantly to HVC neuronal recruitment. Testosterone upregulated both VEGF and its endothelial receptor, VEGF-R2/Quek1/KDR, in HVC. This yielded a burst in local HVC angiogenesis. FACS-isolated HVC endothelial cells produced BDNF in a testosterone-dependent manner. In vivo, HVC BDNF rose by the third week after testosterone, lagging by over a week the rise in VEGF and VEGF-R2. In situ hybridization revealed that much of this induced BDNF mRNA was endothelial. In vivo, both angiogenesis and neuronal addition to HVC were substantially diminished by inhibition of VEGF-R2 tyrosine kinase. These findings suggest a causal interaction between testosterone-induced angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the adult forebrain. PMID: 12086642 Funding information This work was supported by: NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37/R01NS29813 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01NS33106 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM07739
Investigation of the ablated flux characteristics during pulsed laser ablation deposition of multicomponent oxides (1993)

The ablated flux characteristics of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT), La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSC), and MgO ceramic targets have been studied as functions of the ablation time, the ablation energy, and the chamber gas pressure. The time dependence of the ablation rate shows an initial exponential decay, reaching a steady-state value at longer times. The energy dependence of the ablation rate (in vacuum) reveals a distinct ablation threshold energy for MgO ablation, while for PZT and LSC no ablation threshold is evident. The differences in the ablation characteristics of these materials are explained mainly by differences in their melting points, thermal conductivities, and absorption coefficients. Upon adding O2 gas, a visual change in the color and shape of the PZT ablation plume is evident. The color change indicates a gas phase reaction of the ablated species with the O2 gas, while the shape change implies a change in the angular distribution of the ablated species. We have measured a narrowing of the ablated flux distribution from a PZT target as O2 is added, from a cos40 θ distribution in a low pressure, up to a cos260 θ distribution in an O2 pressure of 300 mTorr. This narrowing, or focusing, of the ablation plume is observed with high laser energies and high pressures of O2 or noble gases. At low laser power, the deposition rate decreases and the plume broadens as the gas pressure is increased. The plume narrowing and plume broadening regimes are both controlled by gas scattering effects. The angular distribution of depositing species, and the ratio of deposition flux to O2 flux, are very different in each of these regimes.
Full-Scale Implementation and Testing of Full-Depth Precast Bridge Deck Panels (2015)

A bridge deck panel system using nonprestressed full-depth precast concrete bridge deck panels with continuous shear pockets was investigated. First, the research team performed conceptual improvement, design, detailing, and fabrication studies on a specific deck replacement system (System CD-2) previously proposed by NCHRP Project 12-65 researchers. Key improvements to the CD-2 deck panel system included modifications to the transverse joint coupler for ease of construction and the addition of a longitudinal staged-construction joint to expedite bridge deck replacement projects. Next, an experimental program was carried out to construct and perform service-level load testing on a full-size precast deck panel assemblage that incorporated the refinements. On the basis of static and cyclic loading test results, it was found that the modified CD-2 deck panel system as a whole performed satisfactorily with regard to AASHTO serviceability requirements.
Data from Androgen Receptor Gene Aberrations in Circulating Cell-Free DNA: Biomarkers of Therapeutic Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Although novel agents targeting the androgen–androgen receptor (AR) axis have altered the treatment paradigm of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), development of therapeutic resistance is inevitable. In this study, we examined whether AR gene aberrations detectable in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are associated with resistance to abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide in mCRPC patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Plasma was collected from 62 mCRPC patients ceasing abiraterone acetate (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 29), enzalutamide (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 19), or other agents (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 14) due to disease progression. DNA was extracted and subjected to array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for chromosome copy number analysis, and Roche 454 targeted next-generation sequencing of exon 8 in the AR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; On aCGH, AR amplification was significantly more common in patients progressing on enzalutamide than on abiraterone or other agents (53% vs. 17% vs. 21%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02, χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Missense AR exon 8 mutations were detected in 11 of 62 patients (18%), including the first reported case of an F876L mutation in an enzalutamide-resistant patient and H874Y and T877A mutations in 7 abiraterone-resistant patients. In patients switched onto enzalutamide after cfDNA collection (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 39), an AR gene aberration (copy number increase and/or an exon 8 mutation) in pretreatment cfDNA was associated with adverse outcomes, including lower rates of PSA decline ≥ 30% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.013, χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) and shorter time to radiographic/clinical progression (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010, Cox proportional hazards regression).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; AR gene aberrations in cfDNA are associated with resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in mCRPC. Our data illustrate that genomic analysis of cfDNA is a minimally invasive method for interrogating mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in mCRPC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2315–24. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
[Coincidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis and sarcoidosis--case report and review of the literature]. (1997)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and sarcoidosis are diseases of unknown etiology which are rarely associated. Here we report the case of a 31-year-old man with PSC and pulmonary sarcoidosis. In addition, we include a brief review on PSC and sarcoidosis, in particular with respect to etiopathogenesis and diagnosis.
Nanomagnetic System for Rapid Diagnosis of Acute Infection (2017)

Pathogen-activated antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) produce and secrete antigen-specific antibodies. ASCs are detectable in the peripheral blood as early as 3 days after antigen exposure, which makes ASCs a potential biomarker for early disease detection. Here, we present a magnetic capture and detection (MCD) assay for sensitive, on-site detection of ASCs. In this approach, ASCs are enriched through magnetic capture, and secreted antibodies are magnetically detected by a miniaturized nuclear magnetic resonance (μNMR) system. This approach is based entirely on magnetics, which supports high contrast against biological background and simplifies assay procedures. We advanced the MCD system by (i) synthesizing magnetic nanoparticles with high magnetic moments for both cell capture and antibody detection, (ii) developing a miniaturized magnetic device for high-yield cell capture, and (iii) optimizing the μNMR assay for antibody detection. Antibody responses targeting hemolysin E (HlyE) can accurately identify individuals with acute enteric fever. As a proof-of-concept, we applied MCD to detect antibodies produced by HlyE-specific hybridoma cells. The MCD achieved high sensitivity in detecting antibodies secreted from as few as 5 hybridoma cells (50 cells/mL). Importantly, the assay could be performed with whole blood with minimal sample processing.