gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary gait changes in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: Increased load at the ankle, knee, and hip during walking (2005)

The secondary gait changes observed among patients with knee OA reflect a potential strategy to shift the body's weight more rapidly from the contralateral limb to the support limb, which appears to be successful in reducing the load at the knee in only patients with less severe knee OA. The increased loading rate in the lower extremity joints may lead to a faster progression of existing OA and to the onset of OA at joints adjacent to the knee. Interventions for knee OA should therefore be assessed for their effects on the mechanics of all joints of the lower extremity.
Characterization of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids to Study the Electrochemical Activity of Nitro Compounds (2020)

Over the past few years, room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) has evolved as an important solvent-cum-electrolyte because of its high thermal stability and excellent electrochemical activity. Due to these unique properties, RTILs have been used as a solvent/electrolyte/mediator in many applications. There are many RTILs, which possess good conductivity as well as an optimal electrochemical window, thus enabling their application as a transducer for electrochemical sensors. Nitroaromatics are a class of organic compounds with significant industrial applications; however, due to their excess use, detection is a major concern. The electrochemical performance of a glassy carbon electrode modified with three different RTILs, [EMIM][BF<sub>4</sub>], [BMIM][BF<sub>4</sub>] and [EMIM][TF<sub>2</sub>N], has been evaluated for the sensing of two different nitroaromatic analytes: 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6 DNT) and ethylnitrobenzene (ENB). Three RTILs have been chosen such that they have either a common anion or cation amongst them. The sensory response has been measured using square wave voltammetry (SQWV). We found the transducing ability of [EMIM][BF<sub>4</sub>] to be superior compared to the other two RTILs. A low limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ppm has been achieved with a 95% confidence interval for both the analytes. The efficacy of varying the cationic and anionic species of RTIL to obtain a perfect combination has been thoroughly investigated in this work, which shows a novel selection process of RTILs for specific applications. Moreover, the results obtained from testing with a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) have been replicated using a miniaturized sensor platform that can be deployed easily for on-site sensing applications.
Demonstration of a Spectrally-Partitioned $4\mathrm{x}4$ Crossbar Switch with 3 Drops per Cross-point (2019)

We present the theory and realization of a spectrally-partitioned 4x4 crossbar switch, with three microrings per cross-point having disjoint resonance regions within an FSR. We also describe an associated energy efficient, non-blocking wavelength assignment algorithm.
An efficient reservation MAC protocol with preallocation for high-speed WDM passive optical networks (2005)

Wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM PONs) can dynamically offer each end user a unique optical wavelength for data transmission as well as the possibility of wavelength reuse and aggregation, thereby ensuring scalability in bandwidth assignment. In this paper, we propose a new byte size clock (BSC) reservation MAC scheme that not only arbitrates upstream transmission and prevents optical collisions, but also varies bandwidth according to demand and priority, reduces request delay using pre-allocation and delta compression, and handles the addition/reconfiguration of network nodes efficiently. The new access scheme exploits both WDM and TDM to cater for both light and heavy bandwidth requirements and supports both Ethernet and ATM packets without segmenting or aggregating them. Our proposed protocol is not only backward compatible with APON and EPON, but also provides a better utilization of the access link in terms of the throughput and delay. In addition, the amount of pre-allocated bandwidth can be minimized using delta compression, which in turns reduces the latency due to the request and grant mechanism. We analyzed, evaluated, and simulated the performance and practicality of the proposed scheme.
A new placement algorithm dedicated to parallel computers: bases and application (2003)

One way to improve reliability in parallel computers consists of adding supplementary processors and interconnections to the functional structure in order to replace faulty processors with respect to the network structure. This approach is named structural fault tolerance (SFT). Very integrated parallel computers are one way to implement a parallel structure. The material structure is then composed of many elementary blocks, such as ASICs or multi-chip modules (MCMs), each containing many processors. We show that former SFT methods fail in combining the different features, constraints and requirements of such structures. Thus, this paper introduces a new reconfiguration approach that is dedicated to very integrated parallel computers.
ChemInform Abstract: Understanding Cation‐Macrocycle Binding Selectivity in Single‐Solvent, Extraction, and Liquid Membrane Systems by Quantifying Thermodynamic Interactions (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Subcooled Boiling of PF-5060 Dielectric Liquid on Microporous Surfaces (2011)

Presented are the results of experiments that investigated nucleate boiling of PF-5060 on microporous Cu surface layers at saturation and 10 K, 20 K, and 30 K subcooling. The three microporous layers, electrochemically deposited on 10×10 mm2 Cu substrates and investigated herein, are ∼139 μm, 171 μm, and 220 μm thick. The critical heat flux increases linearly with increased subcooling, ΔTsub, at an average rate of 4.5%/K. For the 171 μm thick, Cu microporous surface, saturation boiling CHF of 27.8 W/cm2 increases to 63.25 W/cm2 at ΔTsub=30 K, while the saturation hMNB of 13.5 W/cm2 K decreases slightly to 12.7 W/cm2 K at ΔTsub=30 K. The values of the surface superheat, ΔTsat, at hMNB and CHF increase from 2.0 K and 2.16 K at saturation to 4.2 and 6.42 K at 30 K subcooling.
Comprehensive characterization of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) samples from Greece through combined NMR and LC-based metabolite profiling and biomarkeridentification (2022)

Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is an important source of bioactive compounds, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). Other constituents, including minor cannabinoids, are increasingly gaining traction for informed plant utilization [1], [2]. Phytochemical composition may be affected by variety, geographic origin, harvesting year or cultivation environment, inevitably resulting into different pharmacological effects [3]. In this regard, characterization and classification of C. sativa samples based on chemical profiles is important to promote standardization and consistency in products, practices, and therapeutic outcomes.
An interlaboratory comparison of dosimetry for a multi-institutional radiobiological research project: Observations, problems, solutions and lessons learned (2015)

For the dosimetrically non-compliant laboratories, the relatively high rates of dosing errors were problematic, potentially compromising the quality of ongoing radiobiological research. This dosimetry effort proved to be instructive in establishing rigorous reviews of basic dosimetry protocols ensuring that dosing errors were minimized.
Bridging Text Visualization and Mining: A Task-Driven Survey (2018)

Visual text analytics has recently emerged as one of the most prominent topics in both academic research and the commercial world. To provide an overview of the relevant techniques and analysis tasks, as well as the relationships between them, we comprehensively analyzed 263 visualization papers and 4,346 mining papers published between 1992-2017 in two fields: visualization and text mining. From the analysis, we derived around 300 concepts (visualization techniques, mining techniques, and analysis tasks) and built a taxonomy for each type of concept. The co-occurrence relationships between the concepts were also extracted. Our research can be used as a stepping-stone for other researchers to 1) understand a common set of concepts used in this research topic; 2) facilitate the exploration of the relationships between visualization techniques, mining techniques, and analysis tasks; 3) understand the current practice in developing visual text analytics tools; 4) seek potential research opportunities by narrowing the gulf between visualization and mining techniques based on the analysis tasks; and 5) analyze other interdisciplinary research areas in a similar way. We have also contributed a web-based visualization tool for analyzing and understanding research trends and opportunities in visual text analytics.
MVDR radar signal processing approach for jamming suppression in satellite navigation receivers (2010)

The Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) technique, which is well-known in radar signal processing, will be applied in this paper for jamming suppression in a satellite navigation receiver. Two different beamforming schemes, conventional and MVDR are applied to a satellite navigation receiver for mitigation of strong jamming before acquisition of the C/A code. The effect of beamforming on the cross-correlation performance is evaluated in terms of two quality factors: the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) improvement factor estimated at the beamformer output and the post correlation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which will be estimated at the cross-correlator output. The simulation results demonstrate that the more effective jamming protection and as a consequence the improved performance of the C/A code acquisition are achieved using the MVDR beamformer procedure compared to the conventional one.
Batching, Aggregation, and Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Bilinear Accumulators (2022)

An accumulator is a cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to succinctly commit to a set of values while being able to provide proofs of (non-)membership. A batch proof is an accumulator proof that can be used to prove (non-)membership of multiple values simultaneously.
Structure of diamond-silicon interfaces (2017)

We have studied the structure and composition of the interface of diamond thin films deposited on Si substrates by chemical vapor deposition using atomic resolution electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The latter technique allows the analysis of the relative Si to C composition as well as the nature of the bonding to determine the relative sp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /sp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> content of the diamond film. Results show considerable intermixing of silicon and carbon across an interfacial region 3 nm thick, which corresponds with an amorphous region. This region also contains the highest concentration of sp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> bonded C. To perform this analysis a novel method of producing diamond TEM samples was developed which combines standard FIB techniques and removal of surface damage by thermal decomposition at 350 °C.
The Renaissance in HIV Vaccine Development — Future Directions (2010)

From July 18 through July 23, 2010, delegates from around the globe will convene for the biennial International AIDS Conference in Vienna. They will discuss our current risk of losing the war against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite an unprecedented outpouring of resources and proliferation of programs, today, for every two patients who begin receiving treatment for HIV, five people are newly infected. Furthermore, new guidelines from the World Health Organization recommending that infected persons begin receiving treatment earlier will significantly increase the number of patients targeted for therapy. If we are to control this pandemic, we must recognize . . .
Das ökologische Potenzial von Oxymethylenether‐Kraftstoffen (2018)

status: Published
Evaluation of Affinisol® HPMC polymers for direct compression process applications (2018)

Affinisol® (Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose) polymers with low glass-transition temperature are usually processed by Melt Extrusion and show better compressibility at lower compression pressure. This study evaluates the compaction properties and powder properties of Affinisol® Powder by the determination of physical properties like bulk/tapped density, angle of repose and loss on drying, an out-of-die compactability, axial expansion post-compression, effect of compression force on hardness of the compact, friability and lubricant sensitivity. The results of the evaluation of powder properties showed that the tested polymers had acceptable flow properties and low moisture content and lower yield pressure. This is evident by higher hardness of compact at lower compression pressure (up to 66 MPa) compared to HPMC E15. The friability of Affinisol® tablets was much lower than HPMC E15 tablets. The plastic nature of the polymers caused more than 30% loss of compressibility due to lubrication. Differential Scanning Calorimetry studies confirmed low glass transition temperature of the polymers, which can be attributed to other higher degree of substitution. Overall, Affinisol® HPMC polymers can be proposed as a binder or controlled release matrix former for direct compression.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Fluorous Stille Coupling Reactions Conducted under Microwave Irradiation. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOOCTATRIENYLEISENTRICARBONYL‐KATION UND SEIN ELEKTROCYCLISCHER RINGSCHLUSS ZUM BICYCLO(5,1,0)OCTADIENYLEISENTRICARBONYL‐KATION (1971)

Abstract Der Cyclooctatetraen‐Komplex (I) wird von Fluoroschwefelsäure und Sulfurylfluorid bei ‐120°C zum kationischen Cyclooctatrienyl‐Komplex (II) protoniert.
Adaptive N-step Bootstrapping with Off-policy Data (2021)

The definition of the update target is a crucial design choice in reinforcement learning. Due to the low computation cost and empirical high performance, n-step returns with off-policy data is a widely used update target to bootstrap from scratch. A critical issue of applying n-step returns is to identify the optimal value of n. In practice, n is often set to a fixed value, which is either determined by an empirical guess or by some hyper-parameter search. In this work, we point out that the optimal value of n actually differs on each data point, while the fixed value n is a rough average of them. The estimation error can be decomposed into two sources, off-policy bias and approximation error, and the fixed value of n is a trade-off between them. Based on that observation, we introduce a new metric, policy age, to quantify the off-policyness of each data point. We propose the Adaptive N-step Bootstrapping, which calculates the value of n for each data point by its policy age instead of the empirical guess. We conduct experiments on both MuJoCo and Atari games. The results show that adaptive n-step bootstrap-ping achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of both final reward and data efficiency.
Large and local magnetoresistance in a state-of-the-art perpendicular magnetic medium (2021)

Morgan Williamson,1,2 Cheng Wang,3 Pin-Wei Huang,3 Ganping Ju,3 Maxim Tsoi1,2 1Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 2Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 3Fremont Research Center, Seagate Technology, Fremont, CA 94538, USACorrespondence: Maxim Tsoi Email tsoi@physics.utexas.eduPurpose: Magnetotransport properties of granular oxide-segregated CoPtCr films were studied on both macroscopic and microscopic length scales by performing bulk and point-contact magnetoresistance measurements, respectively. Such a perpendicular magnetic medium is used in state-of-the-art hard disc drives and, when combined with magnetotransport phenomena for read/write operations, may lead to a novel concept for magnetic recording with high areal density.Materials and Methods: The CoPtCr films were deposited by an epitaxy-like sputtering and contained several perpendicularly magnetized granular-media layers with different coercivities; they are very much like the state-of-the-art perpendicular magnetic medium, which can be found in today&amp;amp;rsquo;s hard disc drives. Magnetoresistive properties of bulk films were assessed by measuring the film resistance in the standard Van der Pauw geometry, while the local transport was probed by the point-contact technique.Results: The bulk measurements showed only a negligible magnetoresistance of less than 0.02%. In contrast, the local point-contact measurements revealed giant-magnetoresistance-like changes &amp;amp;Delta;R in local resistance of the contact R with more than 10,000% ratio &amp;amp;Delta;R/R.Conclusion: The observed large and local magnetoresistive effect could be tentatively attributed to a tunnel magnetoresistance between oxide-segregated CoPtCr grains with different coercivities. The tunneling picture of electronic transport in our granular medium was confirmed by the observation of tunneling-like current&amp;amp;ndash;voltage characteristics of the contacts and bias dependence of the contact magnetoresistance &amp;amp;ndash; both the local point-contact resistance and magnetoresistance were found to decrease with the applied dc bias.Keywords: magnetoresistance, granular magnetic medium, tunnel magnetoresistance, hard disc drives
A nanoimprinted, optically tuneable organic laser (2012)

We present a means to optically tune the emission of an organic laser reversibly over a range of 14 nm. This is enabled by incorporating a photochromic spiropyran (10,30-dihydro-10,30,30-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,20-(2H)-indole]) into the gain medium formed by the laser dye Rhodamine 700 in poly(methyl methacrylate). This is structured by nanoimprinting to form a distributed feedback resonator. Exposure of the device to ultraviolet and visible light leads to a reversible refractive index change of the photochromic additive and the gain medium, which enables the continuous shift of the laser wavelength. This is possible without compromising the optical gain properties of the device.
An Intramolecular Silyl Transfer from the Carboxylate to the Hydroxyl Group in Sodium 4-Hydroxybutyrate and Its Application to the Synthesis of Injectable Antifungal Posaconazole Derivative, Sch 59884 (2001)

Discovery of a novel intramolecular silyl group migration from a carboxylic acid to the hydroxyl group of sodium 4-hydroxybutyric acid, unraveling of its reaction mechanism and application of this finding to the synthesis of injectable antifungal Sch 59884 are described.
Hydroxy-Terminated Organic Semiconductor-Based Field-Effect Transistors for Phosphonate Vapor Detection (2007)

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a hydroxy-functionalized semiconductor incorporated into a receptor layer were fabricated and shown to respond strongly to the analyte dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) that simulates phosphonate nerve agents. Large and reproducible source-drain current changes were observed upon exposure to DMMP vapor. Compared to single component transistors, OFETs with a mixed hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated semiconductor upper layer exhibited higher sensitivity. We further investigated the selectivity of the heterostructured OFETs by comparing responses upon exposure to different interference vapors with response to DMMP exposure. Much higher response was observed in the case of DMMP, even when the concentration of DMMP vapor was much lower than other analytes. Microstructures of OSC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing that the organic mixture has similar crystal structure and surface morphology to those of single component OSC films, indicating that the enhanced performance of the mixture is due to its chemical properties, rather than microstructural effects.
Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy (2000)

Although open nephrectomy is the standard of care for localized renal-cell carcinoma, the significant postoperative pain and lengthy convalescence have encouraged the use of laparoscopy, which can yield similar 2- to 5-year survival rates. Either a transperitoneal or a retroperitoneal approach may be used, and sometimes, they are combined. Generally, the technique is limited to tumors <10 cm, but larger tumors can be removed. Nitrous oxide is avoided as an anesthetic agent. The dissection follows accepted oncologic principles: in situ renal dissection within Gerota's fascia, early ligation of the renal vessels, and careful removal of the specimen to prevent tumor spillage. Dissection of the hilum is facilitated by a PEER retractor and an Endoholder. On average, patients having laparoscopic radical nephrectomy return to normal activities approximately 4.5 weeks sooner than those having open surgery, a fact not taken into account in cost analyses. Laparoscopic nephrectomy may offer a special benefit in patients with known metastatic disease, as interleukin-2 administration can be started a month earlier than after open surgery. There may also be immunologic benefits of minimally invasive v open surgery. The technique and instruments continue to evolve, and cost-effectiveness should continue to improve.
OXYGEN PRODUCING MATERIALS FOR ENHANCING CELL SURVIVAL (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009OXYGEN PRODUCING MATERIALS FOR ENHANCING CELL SURVIVAL Catherine Ward, Se Heang Oh, Anthony Atala, James J Yoo, and Benjamin Harrison Catherine WardCatherine Ward , Se Heang OhSe Heang Oh , Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala , James J YooJames J Yoo , and Benjamin HarrisonBenjamin Harrison View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)61212-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "OXYGEN PRODUCING MATERIALS FOR ENHANCING CELL SURVIVAL." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 427 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 427 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Catherine Ward More articles by this author Se Heang Oh More articles by this author Anthony Atala More articles by this author James J Yoo More articles by this author Benjamin Harrison More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Performance of liquid Xe PET detector with high quantum efficiency PMT (2005)

The liquid Xe as a scintillator has a very fast response. The scintillation light decays with 2.2 ns and 22 ns, and the recombination light for gamma rays decays with 45 ns. Also, the scintillation yield is very high, comparable to that of NaI(Tl) crystals. These properties are considered to be advantageous for application to time of flight-positron emission tomography (TOF-PET). From this perspective, a prototype for a TOF-PET system which consists of two identical liquid xenon detectors has been constructed with new PMTs developed recently with Hamamatsu Photonics and its energy resolution, position resolution and the time resolution were measured. The energy resolutions of 17.9% and position resolutions of 2.1 mm to 3.5 mm were obtained for the detector, respectively, and a time resolution of 260 ps between the two detectors was obtained for 511 keV gamma rays from positron annihilation