gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal defects and junction properties in the evolution of device fabrication technology (2002)

In this paper, the correlation between dislocation density and transistor leakage current is demonstrated. The stress evolution and the generation of defects are studied as a function of the process step, and experimental evidence is given of the role of structure geometry in determining the stress level and hence defect formation. Finally, the role of high-dose implantations and the related silicon amorphization and recrystallization is investigated.
A putative Vibrio cholerae two-component system controls a conserved periplasmic protein in response to the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B (2017)

The epidemic pathogen Vibrio cholerae senses and responds to different external stresses it encounters in the aquatic environment and in the human host. One stress that V. cholerae encounters in the host is exposure to antimicrobial peptides on mucosal surfaces. We used massively parallel cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to quantitatively identify the transcriptome of V. cholerae grown in the presence and absence of sub-lethal concentrations of the antimicrobial peptide polymyxin B. We evaluated the transcriptome of both wild type V. cholerae and a mutant carrying a deletion of vc1639, a putative sensor kinase of an uncharacterized two-component system, under these conditions. In addition to many previously uncharacterized pathways responding with elevated transcript levels to polymyxin B exposure, we confirmed the predicted elevated transcript levels of a previously described LPS modification system in response to polymyxin B exposure. Additionally, we identified the V. cholerae homologue of visP (ygiW) as a regulatory target of VC1639. VisP is a conserved periplasmic protein implicated in lipid A modification in Salmonellae. This study provides the first systematic analysis of the transcriptional response of Vibrio cholerae to polymyxin B, raising important questions for further study regarding mechanisms used by V. cholerae to sense and respond to envelope stress.
Use of polymers as protecting groups in organic synthesis. Preparation of partially substituted derivatives ofD-glucose (1975)

Two types of insoluble polystyrene resins bearing vinylbenzaldehyde units have been prepared and used with high efficiency as temporary protecting groups in the synthesis of 2,3 disubstituted derivatives of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside.
Surface Compression With Geometric Bandelets (2005)

This paper describes the construction of second generation bandelet bases and their application to 3D geometry compression. This new coding scheme is orthogonal and the corresponding basis functions are regular. In our method, surfaces are decomposed in a bandelet basis with a fast bandeletization algorithm that removes the geometric redundancy of orthogonal wavelet coefficients. The resulting transform coding scheme has an error decay that is asymptotically optimal for geometrically regular surfaces. We then use these bandelet bases to perform geometry image and normal map compression. Numerical tests show that for complex surfaces bandelets bring an improvement of 1.5dB to 2dB over state of the art compression schemes.
Gas Exchange Efficiency of an Oxygenator with Integrated Pulsatile Displacement Blood Pump for Neonatal Patients (2014)

Oxygenators have been used in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) since the 1970s. The need to develop a more effective oxygenator for this patient cohort exists due to their size and blood volume limitations. This study sought to validate the next design iteration of a novel oxygenator for neonatal ECMO with an integrated pulsatile displacement pump, thereby superseding an additional blood pump. Pulsating blood flow within the oxygenator is generated by synchronized active air flow expansion and contraction of integrated silicone pump tubes and hose pinching valves located at the oxygenator inlet and outlet. The current redesign improved upon previous prototypes by optimizing silicone pump tube distribution within the oxygenator fiber bundle; introduction of an oval shaped inner fiber bundle core, and housing; and a higher fiber packing density, all of which in combination reduced the priming volume by about 50% (50 to 27 mL and 41 to 20 mL, respectively). Gas exchange efficiency was tested for two new oxygenators manufactured with different fiber materials: one with coating and one with smaller pore size, both capable of long-term use (OXYPLUS® and CELGARD®). Results demonstrated that the oxygen transfer for both oxygenators was 5.3-24.7 mlO2/min for blood flow ranges of 100-500 mlblood/min. Carbon dioxide transfer for both oxygenators was 3.7-26.3 mlCO2/min for the same blood flow range. These preliminary results validated the oxygenator redesign by demonstrating an increase in packing density and thus in gas transfer, an increase in pumping capacity and a reduction in priming volume.
Very distal apical prostate tumours: identification on multiparametric MRI at 3 Tesla (2012)

• Very distal apical prostate cancer can be accurately detected and sampled with mpMRI and subsequent MRI/ultrasound fusion biopsy. • This may aid clinicians and patients in decision making for therapeutic modalities.
Arithmetic coded vector SPIHT with classified tree-multistage VQ for color image coding (2002)

A vector extension of the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm, named vector-SPIHT (VSPIHT), using trained classified successive refinement VQ, has recently been proposed. In this work, vector set-partitioning is applied to multispectral image compression, in particular to 24-bit color images. Since the individual spectral components are sufficiently correlated, VSPIHT can effectively exploit both the inter-component redundancy as well as the spatial redundancy within each subband of each component, to yield performance superior to separate scalar SPIHT coding of each component. Adaptive arithmetic coding of the first stage VQ index for each class, as well as the significance information, further improves the performance. Coding results demonstrate that the vector-based approach for color images significantly outperforms the scalar counterpart in the mean-squared-error sense.
The benefit of encoded source sequences for simultaneous source separation (2015)

ABSTRACT We have developed a method for simultaneous source separation using time dithering and encoded source sequences. The source sequences are designed so that they are close to orthogonal to each other, having minimized crosscorrelation and optimal autocorrelation properties. We found that this additional encoding of time-dithered sources could be exploited with a multifrequency separation method. The separation method relies on a coherency-based approach and is solved by a sparse Radon inversion. Realistic synthetic data examples confirmed the importance of using the multifrequency method to take advantage of the sequence orthogonality and to deal with spatially aliased data. Our results demonstrate that source sequence encoding can significantly improve simultaneous source separation compared with using time dithering only.
Lineage-Specific Expression and Functional Relevance of MicroRNA Genes in Normal Hematopoiesis. (2005)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of a small (~ 22nt) RNAs, which play an important role in the negative regulation of gene expression by base-pairing to complementary sites on the target mRNAs. While it is established that miRs are involved in a variety of basic processes, e.g., cell proliferation and apoptosis, neural development, fat metabolism and stress response, little is known on their expression and function in hematopoiesis. In order to investigate miR expression in erythropoietic (E), megakaryocytic (Mk), granulopoietic (G) and monocytopoietic (Mo) lineages, we have assayed their level at discrete sequential stages of the E, Mk, G or Mo series in unilineage differentiation/maturation cultures of cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells. The analysis was performed using a microarray chip containing as probes gene-specific 40mer oligonucleotides, generated from 161 human and 84 mouse precursors miRs (Liu GC et al., PNAS, 2004). Northern blot analysis confirmed the microarray data. The results indicate that the majority of the analyzed miRs is not expressed in CB hematopoietic cells. However, 49 miRs are expressed at significant levels in CD34+ cells: in most cases the expression level declines during hematopoietic differentiation according to diverse patterns, i.e., the decline may be more or less pronounced, more or less rapid and differ in the diverse hematopoietic lineages. As expression pattern examples, we observed that: (a) miR 223 is strongly downmodulated in the E lineage, whereas its level is not affected or increased in the other series; (b) miR 221 and 222 level sharply declines in the E lineage, while the drop is less pronounced in the Mk, G and Mo series; conversely, (c) miR 17, 20, 106 are downmodulated prevalentely in the G/Mo series, as compared to the E/Mk lineages. Interestingly, cluster analysis indicates that miR expression in hematopoietic cells is sharply different from that observed in CB T lymphocytes. The lineage- and stage-specific pattern of miR expression is of functional relevance. As an example, transfection of miR 222 oligonucleotide into CD34+ cells grown in multilineage clonogenic culture causes a pronounced shift from E to GM colony formation, indicating modulation of the lineage commitment of hematopoietic progenitors. The target genes of miRs expressed in hematopoietic cells are often of pivotal functional significance, e.g., miR 222 targets the kit receptor (N. Felli et al., this Meeting). A single miR may target diverse mRNAs, e.g., miR 222 targets kit, Ets1 and Fli1. Conversely, a single mRNA may be targeted by different miRs, e.g.,, kit is targeted by miR 146, 221 and 222. Noterworthily, the miR expression pattern in primitive hematopoietic cells and their progeny is fully distinct from that observed in primitive mesenchymal and neural cells (i.e., “neurospheres”) and their progeny: this suggests that miR downmodulation during differentiation of primitive cells contributes to tissue-specific gene expression by unblocking translational repression of the target mRNAs.
The Role of Pyruvate-Induced Enhancement of Oxygen Metabolism in Extracellular Purinergic Signaling in The Post- Cardiac Arrest Rat Model (2023)

Abstract Purine nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a source of intracellular energy maintained by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, when released from ischemic cells into the extracellular space, they act as death-signaling molecules (eATP). Despite there being potential benefit in using pyruvate to enhance mitochondria by inducing a highly oxidative metabolic state, its association with eATP levels is still poorly understood. Therefore, while we hypothesized that pyruvate could beneficially increase intracellular ATP with the enhancement of mitochondrial function after cardiac arrest (CA), our main focus was whether a proportion of the raised intracellular ATP would detrimentally leak out into the extracellular space. Indicated by the increased levels in systemic oxygen consumption and brain ATP levels, intravenous administrations of bolus (500 mg/kg) and continuous infusion (1000 mg/kg/hr) of pyruvate successfully increased oxygen and energy metabolism in post 10-min CA rats. The plasma ATP levels increased significantly from 67 ± 11 nM before CA to 227 ± 100 nM 2 hours after the resuscitation, while the pyruvate injection did not affect post-CA ATP levels. Notably, the pyruvate injection improved post-CA cardiac contraction and acidemia (low pH). We also found that pyruvate increased systemic CO 2 production post-CA. These data support that pyruvate has therapeutic potential for improving CA outcomes by enhancing oxygen and energy metabolism in the brain and heart, and attenuating intracellular hydrogen iron disorders, but does not exacerbate the death-signaling of eATP in the blood.
A Policy Description and its Execution Scheduling for Automated IT Systems Management (2011)

In order to execute multiple policies in policy-based automation system safely and efficiently, we propose and develop the concurrency control mechanism for policy-based automation system. This mechanism analyzes the logical structure of the target application system to identify the IT resources affected by the policy action, and locks the resources to prevent multiple policies' conflicts. Additionally, the efficient preemptive scheduling scheme for the multiple policy executions is also developed.
Augmenting Heat Transfer from Fail-Safe Magneto-Rheological Fluid Dampers Using Fins (2003)

This paper presents a lumped system model for predicting the heat transfer from fail-safe magneto-rheological fluid dampers. For this study, a fail-safe damper is defined as a damper which retains a moderate damping capacity in the event of a power systems failure. To evaluate the validity of the theoretical model, two automotive size dampers were constructed, one with fins to augment heat transfer and one without fins. The results show that the model slightly over predicts the temperature rise when compared to experimental data. Despite the error, both the experimental and theoretical results clearly demonstrate that the heat transfer can be considerably enhanced with the use of the fins. Finally, the results also indicate that both the mechanical and electrical power input contribute substantially to the temperature rise.
Influence of Drug-to-Lipid Ratio on Drug Release Properties and Liposome Integrity in Liposomal Doxorubicin Formulations (2008)

Recent studies have shown that the release properties of vincristine encapsulated in large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) can be regulated by varying the drug-to-lipid (D/L) ratio. In this work it is shown that the drug-to-lipid ratio technique for regulating drug release also applies to doxorubicin encapsulated in LUV. In particular it is shown that the half-times (T(1/2)) for doxorubicin release from distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/cholesterol LUV in vitro can be increased more than six-fold by increasing the D/L ratio from 0.05 (wt/wt) to 0.39 (wt/wt). This behavior is consistent with the behavior expected for drugs that precipitate following accumulation into liposomes. It is shown that the release properties of ciprofloxacin--a drug that does not precipitate following accumulation into LUV--are not affected by the D/L ratio. It is also shown that the crystalline intravesicular doxorubicin precipitates observed as the D/L ratio is raised from 0.05 to 0.46 adopt increasingly unusual morphologies. Linear crystals are observed at lower D/L values, however triangular and rectangular variations are observed as the D/L ratio is increased, and induce considerable distortion in vesicle morphology. It is noted that trapping efficiency following uptake of external doxorubicin into LUV is reduced from nearly 100% at a D/L ratio of 0.05 (wt/wt) to less than 70% at an (initial) D/L ratio of 0.8 (wt/wt). It is suggested that this arises, at least in part, from membrane-disrupting effects of internal drug crystals as they increase in size.
Trastuzumab for early-stage, HER2-positive breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 13 864 women in seven randomised trials (2021)

Cancer Research UK, UK Medical Research Council.
Forced Aerobic Exercise Enhances Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Case Report (2015)

FE may be a safe and feasible rehabilitation approach to augment recovery of motor and nonmotor function while improving aerobic fitness in people with chronic stroke.
Manipulating the Local Light Emission in Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by using Patterned Self‐Assembled Monolayers (2008)

Patterned organic light-emitting diodes are fabricated by using microcontact- printed self-assembled monolayers on a gold anode (see background figure). Molecules with dipole moments in opposite directions result in an increase or a decrease of the local work function (foreground picture), providing a direct handle on charge injection and enabling local modification of the light emission.
Epidural space as a starling resistor and elevation of inflow resistance in a diseased epidural space (1997)

Volume-pressure-flow relationships in the epidural space can be explained by a model in which epidural and subarachnoid pressures are inextricably related with the Starling pressure, dependent on the subarachnoid pressure. This model suggests reasons why spread of anesthetics might be difficult to predict.
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATION OF PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYSIS TO THE CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF CROSS‐LINKED POLYSTYRENE RESINS (1979)

Abstract Unter Verwendung von Phasen‐Transfer‐Katalysatoren wie Tetrabutyl‐ammoniumchlorid oder Adogen 464 werden nucleophile Substitutionsreaktionen an polymeren funktionellen Verbindungen diskutiert.
Programming temporal shapeshifting (2020)

Shapeshifting enables a wide range of engineering and biomedical applications, but until now transformations have required external triggers. This prerequisite limits viability in closed or inert systems and puts forward the challenge of developing materials with intrinsically encoded shape evolution. Herein we demonstrate programmable shape-memory materials that perform a sequence of encoded actuations under constant environment conditions without using an external trigger. We employ dual network hydrogels: in the first network, covalent crosslinks are introduced for elastic energy storage, and in the second one, temporary hydrogen-bonds regulate the energy release rate. Through strain-induced and time-dependent reorganization of the reversible hydrogen-bonds, this dual network allows for encoding both the rate and pathway of shape transformations on timescales from seconds to hours. This generic mechanism for programming trigger-free shapeshifting opens new ways to design autonomous actuators, drug-release systems and active implants.
Memory Alloreactive B Cells and Alloantibodies Prevent Anti-CD154-Mediated Allograft Acceptance (2009)

The impact of memory B cells and alloantibodies on the ability to induce transplantation tolerance has not been elucidated. We have developed a murine heart transplant model that isolates the contributions of functional memory B cells from memory T cells in allograft rejection. Memory 3-83 B cells with dual specificity for H-2K(k) and H-2K(b) were generated in 3-83 Igi BCR knockin (BALB/c background) mice by the transplantation of C3H (H-2K(k)) hearts in the absence of immunosuppression. To test the effect of functional memory 3-83 B cells, C3H-primed 3-83 Igi recipients were challenged with C57BL/6 hearts (H-2K(b)) at 60-90 days post-C3H heart transplant and treated with anti-CD154 mAbs. Despite immunosuppression, the C57BL/6 hearts were acutely rejected within 10-13 days and graft rejection was associated with increased frequencies of C57BL/6-specific IFN-gamma-producing T cells. Histology revealed significant numbers of infiltrating T cells, consistent with acute T cell-mediated rejection. The resistance to tolerance induction was dependent on the synergistic effects of memory 3-83 B cells and alloantibodies, whereas memory T cells are not necessary. We conclude that the combined effects of functional memory B cells and alloantibodies prevent anti-CD154-mediated graft acceptance by facilitating the CD40-CD154-independent activation of alloreactive T cells. This study provides insight into the potential ability of memory B cells and alloantibodies to prevent anti-CD154-mediated graft acceptance.
Biophysical and Biological Tools to Better Characterize the Stability, Safety and Efficacy of a Cosmeceutical for Acne-Prone Skin (2022)

(1) Background: Acne is a widespread skin disease, especially among adolescents. Following the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of masks, the problem has been affecting a greater number of people, and the attention of the skin care beauty routine cosmetics has been focused on the "Maskne", caused by the sebum excretion rate (SER) that stimulates microbial proliferation. (2) Methods: the present study was focused on the rheological characterization and quality assurance of the preservative system of an anti-acne serum. The biological effectiveness (cytotoxicity-skin and eye irritation-antimicrobial, biofilm eradication and anti-inflammatory activity) was evaluated in a monolayer cell line of keratinocytes (HaCaT) and on 3D models (reconstructed human epidermis, RHE and human reconstructed corneal epithelium, HCE). The <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i>, as the most relevant acne-inducing bacterium, is chosen as a pro-inflammatory stimulus and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the serum. (3) Results and Conclusions: Rheology allows to simulate serum behavior at rest, extrusion and application, so the serum could be defined as having a solid-like behavior and being pseudoplastic. The preservative system is in compliance with the criteria of the reference standard. Biological effectiveness evaluation shows non-cytotoxic and irritant behavior with a good antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the formulation, supporting the effectiveness of the serum for acne-prone skin treatment.
A usage profile and evaluation of a wide-area distributed file system (1994)

The evolution of the Andrew File System (AFS) into a wide-area distributed file system has encouraged collaboration and information dissemination on a much broader scale than ever before. In this paper, we examine AFS as a provider of wide-area file services to over 80 organizations around the world. We discuss usage characteristics of AFS derived from empirical measurements of the system, and from user responses to a questionnaire. Our observations indicate that AFS provides robust and efficient data access in its current configuration, thus confirming its viability as a design point for wide-area distributed file systems. 1. Introduction Over the last decade, distributed file systems such as AFS and NFS in the Unix world, and Netware and LanManager in the MS-DOS world have risen to prominence. Today, virtually every organization with a large collection of personal machines uses such a system. The stunning success of the distributed file system paradigm is attributable to three facto...
Experimental considerations for the calibration of personnel dosimeters with photons (1980)

The criteria for irradiating radiation dosimeters for test purposes are defined quite clearly in Draft ANSI Standard N13.11. In this Draft the use of phantoms, constructed of a near tissue equivalent material, is prescribed for backing the dosimeters while being irradiated, thus simulating a dosimeter being irradiated while attached to a person. When the phantom is placed in the photon beam it becomes a major source of scattered radiation. The scatter component into the dosimeter is a function of the energy of the photon beam and must be defined for each effective energy used. In addition, it is usually cost effective to irradiate more than one dosimeter at the same time, which may result in mutual interference from the dosimeters themselves. The effects of these parameters upon a centrally positioned dosimeter in the presence of a phantom are studied.
Color to Gray and Back: Color Embedding Into Textured Gray Images (2005)

We have developed a reversible method to convert color graphics and pictures to gray images. The method is based on mapping colors to low-visibility high-frequency textures that are applied onto the gray image. After receiving a monochrome textured image, the decoder can identify the textures and recover the color information. More specifically, the image is textured by carrying a sub-band (wavelet) transform and replacing band-pass sub-bands by the chrominance signals. The low-pass sub-band is the same as that of the luminance signal. The decoder performs a wavelet transform on the received gray image and recovers the chrominance channels. Registration problems are discussed and examples are presented.