gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enteric neural crest‐derived cells and neural stem cells: biology and therapeutic potential (2004)

The enteric nervous system arises from two regions of the neural crest; the vagal neural crest which gives rise to the vast majority of enteric neurones throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and the sacral neural crest which contributes a smaller number of cells that are mainly distributed within the hindgut. The migration of vagal neural crest cells into, and along the gut is promoted by GDNF, which is expressed by the gut mesenchyme and is the ligand for the Ret/GFRalpha1 signalling complex present on migrating vagal-derived crest cells. Sacral neural crest cells enter the gut after it has been colonized by vagal neural crest cells, but the molecular control of sacral neural crest cell development has yet to be elucidated. Under the influence of both intrinsic and extrinsic cues, neural crest cells differentiate into glia and different types of enteric neurones at different developmental stages. Recently, the potential for neural stem cells to form an enteric nervous system has been examined, with the ultimate aim of using neural stem cells as a therapeutic strategy for some gut disorders where enteric neurones are reduced or absent.
Genetic Typing Using PCR Technology for Analysis of Biological Specimens (1991)

Journal Article Genetic Typing Using PCR Technology for Analysis of Biological Specimens Get access Randall K Saiki Randall K Saiki Dept. of Human Genetics, Cetus Corp., Emeryville, CA 94608 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 4, 1 April 1991, Pages 610–611, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.4.610 Published: 01 April 1991
White Box Cryptography: Another Attempt ? (2006)

At CMS 2006 Bringer et al. show how to conceal the alge- braic structure of a \traceable block by adding perturbations to its description. We here exploit and strengthen their ideas by further perturbing the representation of a cipher towards a white box implemen- tation. Our technique is quite general, and we apply it { as a challenging example in the domain of white box cryptography { to a variant of the block cipher AES.
A Positron Emission Tomography registered Ultrafast Sonography prototype for preclinical in-vivo studies (2016)

A novel hybrid device is described herein for performing simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging (UUI) in vivo. This study aims in qualifying this device for in-vivo studies. Two major issues are addressed: the co-registration of the images originating from each modality and the effect of placing a US probe inside a PET system on the PET images. Experiments on UUI/CT and PET phantoms were performed for the co-registration calibration of this prototype and for quantifying the effect of the US probe on the PET signal.
A thermal network model for piezoresistive pressure sensors (2015)

Excitation of resistive sensors with dynamic signals for low power consumption requires focusing on thermal and electrical behavior. Knowledge of both settling times is beneficial for sensor error correction. Therefore, a thermal model for piezoresistive pressure sensors is presented in this paper. It yields analytical equations for temperature distribution from basic physics laws. This lumped element equivalent circuit model (EQC) offers a quick way to simulate vast parameter numbers. It incorporates self-heating as well as ambient temperature influence. Our model uses 13 thermal resistors and seven thermal capacitances. Comparing the resistance change due to thermal behavior of a sample sensor with the model shows deviations smaller than the measurement uncertainty of 42 ppm.
Near-infrared metamaterials with dual-band negative-index characteristics (2007)

Dual-band negative-index metamaterial designs in the near-infrared frequency range are presented and their performance is analyzed using a full-wave numerical electromagnetic scattering method. Negative effective permittivity is provided by a thin layer of metallic film. Negative effective permeabilities are supplied in two distinct frequency bands by magnetic resonators of different dimensions. Initial two-dimensional infinite structures are then extended to doubly-periodic designs and the corresponding dual-band characteristics are presented.
Highly Repeatable Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization for Heteronuclear NMR Metabolomics (2016)

At natural (13)C abundance, metabolomics based on heteronuclear NMR is limited by sensitivity. We have recently demonstrated how hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) assisted by cross-polarization (CP) provides a reliable way of enhancing the sensitivity of heteronuclear NMR in dilute mixtures of metabolites. In this Technical Note, we evaluate the precision of this experimental approach, a critical point for applications to metabolomics. The higher the repeatability, the greater the likelihood that one can detect small biologically relevant differences between samples. The average repeatability of our state-of-the-art D-DNP NMR equipment for samples of metabolomic relevance (20 mg dry weight tomato extracts) is 3.6% for signals above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and 6.4% when all the signals above the limit of detection (LOD) are taken into account. This first report on the repeatability of D-DNP highlights the compatibility of the technique with the requirements of metabolomics and confirms its potential as an analytical tool for such applications.
Blood flow conditions in the proximal pulmonary arteries and vena cavae: healthy children during upright cycling exercise (2004)

Diagnostic testing in patients with congenital heart disease is usually performed supine and at rest, conditions not representative of their typical hemodynamics. Upright exercise measurements of blood flow may prove valuable in the assessment of these patients, but data in normal subjects are first required. With the use of a 0.5-T open magnet, a magnetic resonance-compatible exercise cycle, and cine phase-contrast techniques, time-dependent blood flow velocities were measured in the right (RPA), left (LPA), and main (MPA) pulmonary arteries and superior (SVC) and inferior (IVC) vena cavae of 10 healthy 10- to 14-yr-old subjects. Measurements were made at seated rest and during upright cycling exercise (150% resting heart rate). Mean blood flow (l/min) and reverse flow index were computed from the velocity data. With exercise, RPA and LPA mean flow increased 2.0 +/- 0.5 to 3.7 +/- 0.7 (P < 0.05) and 1.6 +/- 0.4 to 2.9 +/- 0.8 (P < 0.05), respectively. Pulmonary reverse flow index (rest vs. exercise) decreased with exercise as follows: MPA: 0.014 +/- 0.012 vs. 0.006 +/- 0.006 [P = not significant (NS)], RPA: 0.005 +/- 0.004 vs. 0.000 +/- 0.000 (P < 0.05), and LPA: 0.041 +/- 0.019 vs. 0.014 +/- 0.016 (P < 0.05). SVC and IVC flow increased from 1.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.6 (P = NS) and 1.6 +/- 0.4 to 4.9 +/- 1.3 (P < 0.05), respectively. A 56/44% RPA/LPA flow distribution at both rest and during exercise suggests blood flow distribution is dominated by distal pulmonary resistance. Reverse flow in the MPA appears to originate solely from the LPA while the RPA is in relative isolation. During seated rest, the SVC-to-IVC venous return ratio is 50/50%. With light/moderate cycling exercise, IVC flow increases by threefold, whereas SVC remains essentially constant.
HLA association with response and toxicity in melanoma patients treated with interleukin 2-based immunotherapy. (1992)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 146 patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing interleukin 2 (IL-2)-based immunotherapy were characterized for HLA A, B, Cw, DR, DQw, and DRw specificities. Patients had been enrolled into sequential treatment protocols with either IL-2 alone (28) or in combination with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (86), alpha-interferon (26), lymphokine-activated killer cells (16), radiation therapy (7), cyclophosphamide (3), tumor necrosis factor (1), and interleukin 4 (1) for a total of 168 courses of therapy. HLA phenotype was then correlated with response rate and toxicity to IL-2. We noted: (a) a significant difference in the frequency of A11 (20.5% versus 10.2%; P < 0.05) allele between melanoma patients and the North American Caucasian population; (b) a significantly higher frequency of A11 phenotype among responders (40.5%) than in the melanoma patient population (20.5%; P < 0.01), which was even more obvious among patients responding to TIL therapy (47.4% versus 22.1%; P < 0.05); within TIL patients, responders also had an increased frequency of A19 (42.1% versus 25.6%; P < 0.05); (c) a correlation between the number of TILs received and response rate (P < 0.005); and (d) an association between DR4 haplotype and decreased tolerance to IL-2 among the patients receiving TILs (P = 0.01). These results suggest that, in melanoma patients, some HLA Class I specificities may predict for a greater likelihood of response to IL-2-based therapy, while HLA Class II phenotype correlates with tolerance to the combination of TIL and IL-2 therapy.
The Synthetic Hilbert Space of Laser-Driven Free-Electrons (2021)

We propose the concept of free-electrons carrying qudits . We find how electron–laser interactions can shape the electron energy states into arbitrarily-large synthetic Hilbert spaces, exemplified here for size-4.
Micron-scale three-dimensional subtractive manufacturing (2021)

Emerging nano-photonic and nano-opto-mechanical applications benefit from fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures. Creation of micrometer scale and sub-micrometer scale structures can be performed either additively, or subtractively. Additive techniques, where material is deposited, such as direct laser write, interferometric lithography, nano-origami and colloidal self-assembly have been used to create a wide array of complex sub-micrometer structures. Example of subtractive fabrication of three-dimensional structures, where material is removed, are less common.
Phospholipase C2 Affects MAMP-Triggered Immunity by Modulating ROS Production (2017)

The activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) is one of the earliest responses triggered by the recognition of several microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) in plants. The Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) PI-PLC gene family is composed of nine members. Previous studies suggested a role for PLC2 in MAMP-triggered immunity, as it is rapidly phosphorylated in vivo upon treatment with the bacterial MAMP flg22. Here, we analyzed the role of PLC2 in plant immunity using an artificial microRNA to silence <i>PLC2</i> expression in Arabidopsis. We found that <i>PLC2</i>-silenced plants are more susceptible to the type III secretion system-deficient bacterial strain <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv <i>tomato</i> (<i>Pst</i>) DC3000 <i>hrcC<sup>-</sup></i> and to the nonadapted pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) powdery mildew <i>Erysiphe pisi</i> However, <i>PLC2</i>-silenced plants display normal susceptibility to virulent (<i>Pst</i> DC3000) and avirulent (<i>Pst</i> DC3000 AvrRPM1) <i>P. syringae</i> strains, conserving typical hypersensitive response features. In response to flg22, <i>PLC2</i>-silenced plants maintain wild-type mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and <i>PHI1</i>, <i>WRKY33</i>, and <i>FRK1</i> immune marker gene expression but have reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent responses such as callose deposition and stomatal closure. Accordingly, the generation of ROS upon flg22 treatment is compromised in the <i>PLC2</i>-defficient plants, suggesting an effect of PLC2 in a branch of MAMP-triggered immunity and nonhost resistance that involves early ROS-regulated processes. Consistently, PLC2 associates with the NADPH oxidase RBOHD, suggesting its potential regulation by PLC2.
Shape Characteristics of Cost Curves Involving Multiple Shifts in Automotive Assembly Plants (1995)

ABSTRACT Based on a typical automotive assembly plant in today's environment, this analysis provides insight into the marginal cost curves facing industry. Because of employment guarantee provisions of the labor contract, the short-term marginal cost curve is not U-shaped, increasing, nor even convex. A consequence of this complicated shape is that there may be more than one point where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, thus requiring the firm to evaluate each such point to find its profit maximizing production level.
Biofilm Acts as a Microenvironment for Plankton‐Associated Vibrio cholerae in the Aquatic Environment of Bangladesh (2007)

The role of biofilm as a microenvironment of plankton-associated Vibrio cholerae was investigated using plexiglass as a bait. A total of 72 biofilm samples were tested using culture, direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) and molecular techniques following standard procedures. Culturable V. cholerae (smooth and rugose variants) were isolated from 33% of the samples. V. cholerae O1 were detected by FA technique throughout the year except April and June. All V. cholerae O1 isolates were positive for tcpA, ctxA and ace genes while V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 isolates lacked these genes. V. cholerae O1 (both Inaba and Ogawa) strains had identical ribotype pattern (R1), but V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 had different ribotype patterns. All V. cholerae O1 strains were resistant to vibrio-static compound (O/129). All V. cholerae O1 except one were resistant to trimethoprime-sulphamethoxazole, streptomycin, nalidixic acid and furazolidone but sensitive to ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. This study indicates that plexiglass can act as a bait to form biofilm, a microenvironment that provides shelter for plankton containing V. cholerae in the aquatic environment of Bangladesh.
Verifying multipartite entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states via multiple quantum coherences (2020)

An 18-qubit GHZ state with multipartite entanglement is prepared and measured on a 20-qubit device. The detection technique used, which is based on measuring multiple quantum coherences, is robust to noise and only requires measuring the population in the ground state.
Cytotype Regulation by TelomericPElements inDrosophila melanogaster: Interactions WithPElements From M′ Strains (2007)

Abstract P strains of Drosophila are distinguished from M strains by having P elements in their genomes and also by having the P cytotype, a maternally inherited condition that strongly represses P-element-induced hybrid dysgenesis. The P cytotype is associated with P elements inserted near the left telomere of the X chromosome. Repression by the telomeric P elements TP5 and TP6 is significantly enhanced when these elements are crossed into M′ strains, which, like P strains, carry P elements, but have little or no ability to repress dysgenesis. The telomeric and M′ P elements must coexist in females for this enhanced repression ability to develop. However, once established, it is transmitted maternally to the immediate offspring independently of the telomeric P elements themselves. Females that carry a telomeric P element but that do not carry M′ P elements may also transmit an ability to repress dysgenesis to their offspring independently of the telomeric P element. Cytotype regulation therefore involves a maternally transmissible product of telomeric P elements that can interact synergistically with products from paternally inherited M′ P elements. This synergism between TP and M′ P elements also appears to persist for at least one generation after the TP has been removed from the genotype.
Antioxidant activity, fatty acids and phenolic acids compositions of potato peels (1993)

Abstract The effects of freeze‐dried extracts from the peels of six potato varieties as antioxidants in pure soy oil were investigated using the active oxygen method (AOM) procedure, carotene bleaching and linoleic acid oxidation experiments on thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) plates. At 9 h under AOM conditions, 20 g soy oil treated with 0.05 g of these extracts attained lower peroxide values (PV, 22.0‐28.0 meq kg −1 ) than the control oil sample (PV, 109.0 meq kg −1 ) indicating very strong antioxidant activities. Oils treated with the same amount of tertiary butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxyauisol‐butylated hydroxytoluene mixture and rosemary extract attained PV of 10, 19.0 and 16.0 meq kg −1 , respectively. Results of the carotene bleaching and linoleic acid oxidation experiments on TLC plates indicated that the antioxidant activities of these extracts were due to the presence of phenolic acids. Among the phenolic acids separated and identified by both high‐performance liquid chromatography and TLC, chlorogenic, proto‐catechuic and caffeic acids were predominant and appeared to be mainly responsible for the strong antioxidant activities of the extracts. Peels from the red potatoes contained more polyphenols than those from the brown‐skinned varieties, but their oil contents were similar.
Identification of MIMO transport systems in tape drives (2013)

As tape storage aims at cartridge capacities beyond 100 terabytes, advanced control systems for tape transport are key to achieve a larger volumetric recording density. Reliable and ultra-precise tape transport servomechanisms are required to enable tape-drive operation with thinner tape and to support higher areal data densities by minimizing tape-speed variations, tape deformation, and lateral motion effects during tape operation. In this paper, a new identification method is presented for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) tape-transport system for tape drives as the basis for improved control concepts. The characterization of the tape-transport system is obtained in the frequency domain during closed-loop operation of the tape-transport servomechanism. The output system variables are the primary tape velocity and the tape-tension variation, which are estimated from the information obtained by reading pre-formatted servo information, as well as the tape velocities at the supply and take-up reel provided by Hall sensors. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the proposed identification method.
In Vivo31P MRS Evaluation of Ganciclovir Toxicity in C6 Gliomas Stably Expressing the Herpes Simplex Thymidine Kinase Gene (1996)

Phosphorus MRS was evaluated as a monitor of tumour therapeutic response to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase suicide gene therapy paradigm. In vivo 31P spectra were obtained from subcutaneous rat C6 gliomas constitutively expressing the HSVtk gene post treatment with ganciclovir (GCV, 15 mg/kg i.p., twice-daily). Significant regression (p < 0.1) of tumour volume was observed 10 days after beginning GCV administration. However, no changes in tumour pH or energy metabolites from pre-treatment values were observed. High-resolution 31P spectra of tumour extracts revealed a statistically significant reduction in the phosphocholine to phosphoethanolamine ratio six days post-GCV administration. These results indicate that the HSVtk/GCV-induced killing of tumours is not associated with corresponding changes in 31P MRS-observable energy metabolites and pH. The observed reduction in the PE/PC ratio may provide a non-invasive in vivo indicator of therapeutic efficacy.
IL-18 as therapeutic target in a patient with resistant systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and recurrent macrophage activation syndrome (2019)

inhibition. Moreover, a combination of biomarkers including WBC, CRP, ferritin and LDH may be useful for the diagnosis of flare.
ChemInform Abstract: 3β‐AZIDOFORMATE THERMOLYSIS AS A METHOD FOR FUNCTIONALIZING THE 4α‐METHYL GROUP OF LANOSTAN‐3β‐OL AND SIMILAR SYSTEMS (1977)

Abstract Bei der Thermolyse des Azidoformiats (I) unterliegt das zunächst gebildete Nitren intramolekularen Insertionsreaktionen: isoliert werden das Perhydrooxazin (II) (Produkt der e‐Insertion) und das Oxazolidin (III) (Produkt der ö‐Insertion).
General Access to Chiral N-Alkyl Terminal Aziridines via Organocatalysis (2010)

A three step, one-pot protocol involving enantioselective alpha-chlorination of aldehydes, subsequent reductive amination with a primary amine, and S(N)2 displacement to afford chiral N-alkyl terminal aziridines in 40-65% yield (74-87%/step) and, in most cases, >90% ee is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Iodide‐Promoted Reduction of β‐Chlorovinamidinium Salts. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Forcible Search with Mixed Gibbs Sampling Massive MIMO Detection (2020)

In this paper, mixed Gibbs sampling multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) detection with forcible search is proposed. In conventional Gibbs sampling MIMO detection, the problem of stalling occurs under high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) which degrades the detection performance. Mixed GS (MGS) is one solution to this problem. In the MGS, random sampling is carried out with a constant probability without judging if a current search is at a local minimum. In the proposed scheme, combined with MGS, multiple candidate symbols are forcibly changed when the search is captured by a local minimum. The search restarts away from the local minimum which effectively enlarges the search area in a solution space. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed scheme achieves better performance in a large scale MIMO system with QPSK signals.
Piper betle-mediated synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and rat splenocyte cytotoxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (2015)

The study reports a simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using Piper betle leaf extract. Formation of CuONPs was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy at 280 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the CuONPs were spherical, with an average size of 50-100 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) peak was observed approximately at 1 and 8 keV. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicated that the particles were crystalline in nature. CuONPs effectively inhibited the growth of phytopathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas axonopodis. The cytotoxic effect of the synthesized CuONPs was analyzed using rat splenocytes. The cell viability was decreased to 94% at 300 μg/mL.
An Organic Solvent-Assisted Intercalation and Collection (OAIC) for Ti3C2Tx MXene with Controllable Sizes and Improved Yield (2021)

A good method of synthesizing Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> (MXene) is critical for ensuring its success in practical applications, e.g., electromagnetic interference shielding, electrochemical energy storage, catalysis, sensors, and biomedicine. The main concerns focus on the moderation of the approach, yield, and product quality. Herein, a modified approach, organic solvent-assisted intercalation and collection, was developed to prepare Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> flakes. The new approach simultaneously solves all the concerns, featuring a low requirement for facility (centrifugation speed < 4000 rpm in whole process), gram-level preparation with remarkable yield (46.3%), a good electrical conductivity (8672 S cm<sup>-1</sup>), an outstanding capacitive performance (352 F g<sup>-1</sup>), and easy control over the dimension of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> flakes (0.47-4.60 μm<sup>2</sup>). This approach not only gives a superb example for the synthesis of other MXene materials in laboratory, but sheds new light for the future mass production of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Epi‐Canadensene and Other Novel Metabolites of Taxus canadensis. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.