gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Resistance and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity-Related Hypertension (2010)

Several recent clinical trials show that blocking agents of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) reduce cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome based on insulin resistance and obesity, especially accumulated visceral fat. Our laboratory has focused on the relationship between the vascular RAAS and the action of insulin on the vasculature. We first revealed that the addition of insulin to cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) markedly increases angiotensinogen and angiotensin II (Ang II) expression and production. Insulin addition also induces VSMC growth that is inhibited by the blockade of the RAAS by either ACEI or ARB which suggests a role for the RAAS in insulin-mediated growth. Insulin has a quite different effect on cultured vascular endothelial cells (EC) as it reduces angiotensinogen and renin expression. However, insulin added to EC induces a marked activation of ACE and the activated ACE promotes the conversion of Ang I to Ang II and cell growth under conditions of high insulin concentration. Ang II induces the progression of atherosclerosis through the production of oxidative stress that blocks insulin signaling and accelerates atherosclerosis. In this paper, we attempt to clarify the relationship between insulin resistance, the RAAS, and oxidative stress in vascular tissues to mimic in vivo conditions found in patients with metabolic syndrome and obesity-related hypertension. Keywords: Renin-angiotensin system, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis
Finding Semantic Similarity in Raw Text: the Deese Antonyms (1992)

As more and more text becomes readily available in electronic form, much interest is being generated by finding ways of automatically extracting information from subsets of this text. While manual indexing and automatic keyword indexing are well known, both have drawbacks. Recent research on robust syntactic analysis and statistical correlations promises that some of the intuitive advantages of manual indexing can be retained in a fully automatic system. Here I present an experiment performed with my system SEXTANT which extracts semantically similar words from raw text. Using statistical methods combined with robust syntactic analysis, SEXTANT was able to find many of the intuitive pairings between semantically similar words studied by Deese [Deese, 1954].
X-ray Reflectivity Measurements of Nanoscale Structures: Limits of the Effective Medium Approximation (2007)

Specular X‐ray reflectivity (SXR) can be used, in the limit of the effective medium approximation (EMA), as a high‐resolution shape metrology for periodic patterns on a smooth substrate. The EMA means that the density of the solid patterns and the spaces separating the periodic patterns are averaged together. In this limit the density profile as a function of pattern height obtained by SXR can be used to extract quantitative pattern profile information. Here we explore the limitations of SXR as a pattern shape metrology by studying a series of linear grating structures with periodicities ranging from 300 nm to 16 μm and determining at which length scales the EMA breaks down. We also study the angular dependence of the grating orientation with respect to the incident X‐ray beam. The gratings systematically are rotated through a series of azimuthal angles with the incident X‐ray beams ranging from 0° to 90°. The applicability of the EMA is related to the coherence length of the X‐ray source. When the coherence length of beam is larger than the physical dimension of grating periodicities, EMA can be applied for characterizing nanostructures. For our slit‐collimated X‐ray source, the coherence length in the direction parallel to the long axis of the slit is on the order of 900 nm while the coherence length along the main axis of the beam appears to be in the range of (22 to 26) μm.
Association of serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 and chest CT as potential prognostic factors in severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary experience (2022)

CT score is highly correlated with KL-6 value in COVID-19 patients and might be beneficial to speed-up diagnostic workflow in symptomatic cases.
ON GRAPH CONVOLUTION FOR GRAPH CNNS (2018)

The graph convolutional layer is core in the architecture of graph convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In the literature, both spectrum domain based and vertex domain based graph convolutional layers have been proposed. This paper analyzes these two types of graph convolutional layers and demonstrates that the spectrum domain based graph convo-lutional layer suffers from output inconsistencies when the graph shift matrix has repeated eigenvalues. In contrast, the vertex domain based graph convolutional layer is output consistent and inherits the local feature extraction property of classical CNNs with low computational complexity. Experimental results on different data sets also demonstrate that vertex domain based graph CNNs exhibit better performance than existing methods for classification problems.
Consistent Black-Oil PVT Table Modification (2007)

This paper presents a physically consistent approach to modify black-oil PVT tables for (1) eliminating, in some cases, so-called negative compressibilities, (2) extrapolating saturated and undersaturated properties to conditions beyond the limits of original PVT tables, and (3) guaranteeing physical consistency of gas and oil properties as a critical condition is approached.For a number of reasons a black-oil PVT table may contain inconsistencies that result in non-physical behavior in reservoir simulators, sometimes leading to slow run times and, sometimes, premature run termination. Physical inconsistencies can even arise when the black-oil PVT table is created by a physically-consistent EOS model. Black-oil behavior can also be inconsistent as a result of the method used to create the tables – e.g. correlations, conversion of laboratory data, or using EOS models where gas and oil phases are not in thermodynamic equilibrium.Three main methods are developed in the paper. First, an analysis of negative compressibilities is given and an approach to eliminate the problem is proposed. Negative compressibilities can arise because derivatives are held constant from one pressure table point to the next, inconsistent with the pressure-dependent evaluation of properties themselves.The second contribution of our paper is a method to extrapolate an existing black-oil table to higher saturation pressures than found in the original table. Extrapolation is possible to any higher pressure – including a critical (
On-demand electrically controlled drug release from resorbable nanocomposite films (2017)

Electroresponsive materials are promising carriers for developing drug delivery systems (DDSs) with excellent spatial, temporal, and dosage control over drug release. Current electroresponsive systems use high voltages (2-25 V), are not bioresorbable, or use materials with unknown long-term biocompatibility. We report here a nanocomposite film that is resorbable, electroresponsive at low voltages (<-2 V), and composed of entirely FDA-approved materials. Our DDS is based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid), commercially marketed as Eudragit S100 (EGT), which has pH-dependent aqueous solubility. Nanometric films of drug-loaded EGT were designed, synthesized, and coated with a protective layer of chitosan. We hypothesized that electric stimuli would cause local pH changes on the working electrode, leading to pH-responsive dissolution of EGT with concomitant drug release. Our results confirm that local pH changes impart electroresponsive release behavior to the films. Furthermore, drug release scales linearly with voltage, current, and time. The generalizability of the system is shown through the release of several molecules of varying hydrophobicity, pK<sub>a</sub>, and size, including fluorescein (free acid and sodium salt), curcumin, meloxicam, and glucagon. The ability to modulate drug release with the applied stimulus can be utilized to design minimally invasive drug delivery devices based on bioresorbable electronics. Such devices would allow for personalized medicine in the treatment of chronic diseases.
MnasFPN: Learning Latency-Aware Pyramid Architecture for Object Detection on Mobile Devices (2020)

Despite the blooming success of architecture search for vision tasks in resource-constrained environments, the design of on-device object detection architectures have mostly been manual. The few automated search efforts are either centered around non-mobile-friendly search spaces or not guided by on-device latency. We propose MnasFPN, a mobile-friendly search space for the detection head, and combine it with latency-aware architecture search to produce efficient object detection models. The learned MnasFPN head, when paired with MobileNetV2 body, outperforms MobileNetV3+SSDLite by 1.8 mAP at similar latency on Pixel. It is both 1 mAP more accurate and 10\% faster than NAS-FPNLite. Ablation studies show that the majority of the performance gain comes from innovations in the search space. Further explorations reveal an interesting coupling between the search space design and the search algorithm, for which the complexity of MnasFPN search space is opportune.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Preclinical Evidence That 3′-Deoxy-3′-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorothymidine PET Can Visualize Recovery of Hematopoiesis after Gemcitabine Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;[18F]FLT accumulation in hematopoietic organs could also be noted after paclitaxel therapy.&lt;/p&gt;
A Modified Form of Diphthamide Causes Immunotoxin Resistance in a Lymphoma Cell Line with a Deletion of the WDR85 Gene (2013)

HA22 is a recombinant immunotoxin that kills CD22-expressing cells by ADP-ribosylating and inactivating elongation factor-2 (EF2). HA22 is composed of an Fv that binds to CD22 fused to a portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. HA22 is very active in drug-resistant hairy cell leukemia but is less active in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To understand why some patients do not respond to HA22, we isolated an HA22-resistant lymphoma cell line and showed that resistance was due to the inability of HA22 to ADP-ribosylate and inactivate EF2. We analyzed the diphthamide synthesis genes and found that the WDR85 gene was deleted. We show that WDR85 knockdown conferred HA22 resistance to sensitive cells and that sensitivity was restored by introduction of a WDR85 cDNA into resistant cells. Analysis of EF2 in the mutant cells revealed a novel form of diphthamide with an additional methyl group that prevented ADP-ribosylation and inactivation of EF2. The abnormal methylation appeared to be catalyzed by DPH5. Inactivation of the WDR85 gene could be a mechanism of immunotoxin resistance in patients undergoing immunotoxin therapy.
Relationship between physical parameters and blood flow in human facial skin. (2004)

We evaluated the association between the cutaneous blood flow and the three-dimensional morphology of the skin by measuring various aspects of blood flow (resting blood flow, mean blood flow during cooling, minimum blood flow during cooling, mean blood flow after cooling, and maximum blood flow after cooling) of the cheeks and foreheads of 40 healthy women (aged 60-77 years). We also analyzed the three-dimensional morphology of the skin surface (sWa, sWp, sWt, sWq) in replicas obtained from foreheads, cheeks, and other sites on the faces of those subjects. In addition, we measured the skin elasticity and water content of the stratum corneum on the cheeks of those women. No correlation was observed between the parameters of the blood flow and the surface morphology of the forehead. On the cheek, however, significant negative correlations were observed between those parameters. Among the blood flow parameters, the resting blood flow and the mean blood flow during cooling showed particularly high correlations. Concerning the surface morphology parameters, high correlations were observed in parameters related to local changes such as sWp and sWt. None of the cutaneous properties examined (including the skin elasticity and water content of the stratum corneum) correlated with the blood flow or the surface morphology parameters of the cheek. Facial wrinkles are classified into linear grooves, which develop at the corner of the eye and on the forehead, and glyphic wrinkles, which develop as deep grooves in areas such as the cheek. These results suggest that a reduction in blood flow is one of the putative causes of local irregularities observed in the cheek, that is, the glyphic wrinkles, of elderly women.
Elastic characterization of heterogeneous tissues using longitudinal shear waves in optical coherence elastography (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Longitudinal shear waves (LSW) are waves with longitudinally polarized displacement that travel at the shear wave speed through depth when generated at the surface of tissues. In this study, we explore LSW generated by a circular glass plate in contact with the sample. Results demonstrated the potential of LSW in detecting an elasticity gradient along axial (resolution < 0.13 mm) and lateral (resolution < 0.78 mm) directions simultaneously. Finally, LSWs are used for the elastography of ex vivo mouse brain and demonstrated differentiated LSW speed values between the cerebral cortex (2.91 m/s) and cerebellum/midbrain (1.18 m/s) regions.
The Cultivation of Chelidonium majus L. Increased the Total Alkaloid Content and Cytotoxic Activity Compared with Those of Wild-Grown Plants (2021)

The effect of cultivation practises on both the phytochemical profile and biological activity of aqueous ethanol extracts of <i>Chelidonium majus</i> L. was studied. Extracts were prepared from aerial parts of the same plant population collected in the wild and grown under organic farming conditions. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids and flavonoid derivatives were performed by LC/MS methods, and the cytotoxicity of lyophilised extracts was studied in B16-F10, HepG2, and CaCo-2 cells. Coptisine was the dominant alkaloid of extracts prepared from wild-grown plants, whereas after cultivation, chelidonine was the most abundant alkaloid. The total alkaloid content was significantly increased by cultivation. Ten flavonol glycoconjugates were identified in <i>C. majus</i> extracts, and quantitative analysis did not reveal significant differences between extracts prepared from wild-grown and cultivated specimens. Treatment with <i>C. majus</i> extracts resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity in all three cell lines. The extracts prepared from cultivated specimens showed higher cytotoxicity than the extracts prepared from wild-grown plants. The strongest cytotoxic effect of cultivated <i>C. majus</i> was observed in B16-F10 cells (IC<sub>50</sub> = 174.98 ± 1.12 µg/mL). Cultivation-induced differences in the phytochemical composition of <i>C. majus</i> extracts resulted in significant increases in the cytotoxic activities of the preparations.
On the Efficiency of a Point Cloud Autoencoder as a Geometric Representation for Shape Optimization (2019)

A crucial step for optimizing a system is to formulate the objective function, and part of it concerns the selection of the design parameters. One of the major goals is to achieve a fair trade-off between exploring feasible solutions in the design space and maintaining admissible computational effort. In order to achieve such balance in optimization problems with Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) models, the conventional constructive geometric representations are substituted by deformation methods, e.g. free form deformation, where the position of a few control points might be capable of handling large scale shape modifications. In light of the recent developments in the field of geometric deep learning, autoencoders have risen as a promising alternative for efficiently condensing high-dimensional models into compact representations. In this paper, we present a novel perspective on geometric deep learning models by exploring the applicability of the latent space of a point cloud autoencoder in shape optimization problems with evolutionary algorithms. Focusing on engineering applications, a target shape matching optimization is used as a surrogate to the computationally expensive CAE simulations required in engineering optimizations. Through the quality assessment of the solutions achieved in the optimization and further aspects, such as shape feasibility, point cloud autoencoders showed to be consistent and suitable geometric representations for such problems, adding a new perspective on the approaches for handling high-dimensional models to optimization tasks.
Critical Elements for a Multi-Constellation Advanced RAIM (2013)

The GNSS environment is experiencing two major changes: the introduction of a new civil signal in the L5 band and the launch of new GNSS constellations. These improvements could enable worldwide vertical guidance using Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM). Before ARAIM can be implemented, it will be necessary to develop a common understanding across service providers of the navigation requirements, the threat model, the airborne algorithm, and the role of ground monitoring. We outline a concept for the provision of integrity based on ARAIM. First, an interpretation of vertical guidance (LPV-200) requirements is proposed. Then, we describe a comprehensive threat model for GNSS which includes both nominal performance and faulted behavior. We will show how the threats could be mitigated through the use of ground monitoring and the Integrity Support Message in addition to the ARAIM airborne algorithm. Finally, examples of constellation configurations providing worldwide coverage of LPV-200 are presented. Copyright © 2013 Institute of Navigation.
Analysis of an optical burst switching router with tunable multiwavelength recirculating buffers (2005)

Optical burst switching (OBS) presents challenges to the design of optical routers. This paper considers how to dimension a router of N input data ports with an additional M fiber delay lines (FDLs) in an OBS network. The router incorporates tunable FDLs that can vary their size to fit the burst being buffered. Tunable FDLs can be approximated using a set of static FDLs of unequal sizes. For this, the size of static FDL set is monotonically increased, in step size increments, from minimum burst size until the throughput increase is equal to the corresponding tunable FDL configuration. Simulation results for a 32-input port router with 256 tunable delays achieve up to 20% higher throughput than static delays at high input port load. Multiple recirculations are a critical requirement; when packets can circulate only once through the buffer, no measurable improvement is achieved after the number of FDLs becomes equal to the number of input data ports. When recirculation is permitted, throughput increases by up to 40%, depending on a combination of the number of FDLs added and the recirculation limit, which must increase in tandem (e.g., for 32 buffers with eight recirculations or 256 buffers with 16 recirculations). For a given number of FDLs, there is an optimal recirculation limit beyond which there is no measurable throughput benefit. By varying the recirculation limit or number of FDLs, tunable buffering can match the gain achieved by wavelength conversion, possibly at lower hardware cost.
Double-sided Fresnel zone plates for high-efficiency x-ray nanofocusing (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Diffractive X-ray optics, like Fresnel zone plate lenses, are widely employed X-ray optics for collimation and focusing. While they are extremely versatile and easy to use optical elements, they generally suffer from limited efficiency due to limitations in fabrication possibilities. Near-field stacking is an established concept for overcoming fabrication limitations, yet its existing implementations suffer from issues regarding complexity and stability. In this work, an alternative stacking concept is explored, by patterning both the front and back sides of a single membrane. Such double-sided zone plates are shown to exchange conventional zone plate stacks in increasing the efficiency or resolution of conventional zone plate optics. In conventional stacking, they achieve 9.9% focusing efficiency at 9 keV with 30 nm smallest half-pitch and diffraction limited optical performance. Following the blazed stacking scheme, they are shown to provide up to 54.7% diffraction efficiency at 6.2 keV. Finally, using the novel concept of interlaced stacking, they demonstrate the feasibility of large aperture X-ray optics for sub-10 nm X-ray nanofocusing.
Photopolymerization of Silica-Filled Composites: Encapsulants for Microelectronic Devices (2003)

Encapsulation of microelectronic devices is typically accomplished using a transfer molding process in which the molding compound is cured by heat. Most transfer molding processes suffer from significant problems due to the high operating temperatures and high pressures required to fill the mold. Photopolymerizable liquid encapsulants (PLEs) offer important advantages over the conventional encapsulants such as reduced in-mold cure times, lower thermal stresses, and reduced wire sweep. In this contribution, we discuss a new strategy for encapsulating microelectronic devices based upon a low viscosity, epoxy novolac-based vinyl ester resin, with highly filled fused silica fillers, that cures rapidly upon exposure to UV light. For these PLEs, the viscosity, flexural strength and modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, glass transition temperature, initiation scheme, and illumination time for systems containing 70.0 - 74.0 wt% fused silica have been characterized. A photocurable encapsulant containing 74.0 wt% fused silica was found to be very promising for microelectronic encapsulation. These liquid encapsulants cure (to an ejectable hardness) in less than two minutes for an initiating light intensity of 200 mW/cm2 and exhibit appropriate the thermal and mechanical properties.
Use of a UAV as an acoustic communication relay system (2018)

One of the main pillars for a successful network of heterogeneous autonomous vehicles are communications. Our premise is to reinforce this baseline, by empowering a UAV system to become a bridging node between all AUV systems, human operators, and other ad-hoc elements.Moreover, by delving into acoustic communications, it was possible to display solid data regarding the validity of this approach. It is our strong belief that, this kind of developments will help evolve and adapt, the various stages of a mission, to accommodate the ever-growing maritime environments challenges. The results of the work presented, confirm that expanding on this topic, will lead to a successful and meaningful addition to every system currently deployed in this field.