gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereochemistry of Hexenyl Radical Cyclizations withtert-Butyl and Related Large Groups:  Substituent and Temperature Effects (2005)

The long held notion that hexenyl radicals bearing large substituents on the radical carbon cyclize to give 1,2-trans-substituted cyclopentanes is experimentally disproved by study of the radical cyclization of an assortment of simple and complex substrates coupled with careful product analysis and rigorous assignment of configurations. X-ray studies and syntheses of authentic samples establish that the published assignments for cis- and trans-1-tert-butyl-2-methylcyclopentane must be reversed. The original assignment based on catalytic hydrogenation of 1-tert-butyl-2-methylenecyclopentane was compromised by migration of the double bond prior to hydrogenation. The cyclization of 1-tert-butylhexenyl radical is moderately cis selective, and the selectivity is increased by geminal substitution on carbon 3. This selectivity trend is general and extends to relatively complex substrates. It has allowed Ihara to reduce the complexity of an important class of round trip radical cyclizations to make linear triquinanes to the point where two tricyclic products-cis-syn-cis and cis-anti-cis-account for about 80% of the products. However, the further increase in selectivity that was proposed by lowering the temperature is shown to be an artifact of the analysis methods and is not correct. This work solidifies "1,2-cis selectivity" in cyclizations of 1-subsituted hexenyl radicals as one of the most general stereochemical trends in radical cyclizations.
Real-time hardware for a new 3D display (2006)

We describe in this article a new multi-view auto-stereoscopic display system with a real time architecture to generate images of <i>n</i> different points of view of a 3D scene. This architecture generates all the different points of view with only one generation process, the different pictures are not generated independently but all at the same time. The architecture generates a frame buffer that contains all the voxels with their three dimensions and regenerates the different pictures on demand from this frame buffer. The need of memory is decreased because there is no redundant information in the buffer.
Shear Wave Speed Ratio for evaluation of nonlinearity of soft tissues (2021)

Imaging of tissue nonlinear elastic properties has shown potentials in providing additional information for disease diagnosis alongside traditional linear elastic properties. However, accurate local quantification of nonlinear elasticity requires precise imaging and registration of tissue strain at multiple incremental strain levels. Furthermore, it requires imaging of local stress which is measured from cumulative sum of shear wave speed squared times the differential strain. To solve this problem, here, we report measurements of shear wave speed ratio to evaluate elastic nonlinearity of tissues. In this study, we evaluate the ratio of shear wave speed (SWS) image at incremental global local strain levels to the SWS image at undeformed state of the medium. The shear wave speed ratio imaging at global strain does not require local tracking of tissue motion. On the other hand, shear wave speed ratio imaging at local strain requires local strain estimation, however, it does not require estimation of cumulative stress. Thus errors and noise associated with traditional quantitative nonlinear elasticity imaging are more compared to shear wave speed ratio imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: SSZ‐42: The First High‐Silica Large Pore Zeolite with an Undulating, One‐Dimensional Channel System. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Broadening of submonolayer CdSe sheets in CdSe/ZnSe superlattices studied by x-ray diffraction (1999)

We present x-ray diffraction studies of a CdSe distribution profile along the growth direction in CdSe/ZnSe submonolayer superlattices (SLs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The performed theoretical simulations show that the shape of both (004)- and (002)-reflection rocking curves is very sensitive to the vertical CdSe distribution around the intended deposition yplanes. In particular, broadening of the CdSe submonolayer insertions results in a decrease in SL (±1) and (±2) satellite intensities. Comparison of the simulations and experimental data allows us to conclude that CdSe sheets in the as-grown SL samples are asymmetrically broaden up to 5 monolayers.
Presence of multiple lesion types with vastly different microenvironments in C3HeB/FeJ mice following aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)

Cost-effective animal models that accurately reflect the pathological progression of pulmonary tuberculosis are needed to screen and evaluate novel tuberculosis drugs and drug regimens. Pulmonary disease in humans is characterized by a number of heterogeneous lesion types that reflect differences in cellular composition and organization, extent of encapsulation, and degree of caseous necrosis. C3HeB/FeJ mice have been increasingly used to model tuberculosis infection because they produce hypoxic, well-defined granulomas exhibiting caseous necrosis following aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A comprehensive histopathological analysis revealed that C3HeB/FeJ mice develop three morphologically distinct lesion types in the lung that differ with respect to cellular composition, degree of immunopathology and control of bacterial replication. Mice displaying predominantly the fulminant necrotizing alveolitis lesion type had significantly higher pulmonary bacterial loads and displayed rapid and severe immunopathology characterized by increased mortality, highlighting the pathological role of an uncontrolled granulocytic response in the lung. Using a highly sensitive novel fluorescent acid-fast stain, we were able to visualize the spatial distribution and location of bacteria within each lesion type. Animal models that better reflect the heterogeneity of lesion types found in humans will permit more realistic modeling of drug penetration into solid caseous necrotic lesions and drug efficacy testing against metabolically distinct bacterial subpopulations. A more thorough understanding of the pathological progression of disease in C3HeB/FeJ mice could facilitate modulation of the immune response to produce the desired pathology, increasing the utility of this animal model.
Efficient high power factor single-stage AC/DC converter (2003)

A near flat-top input current waveform and direct energy transferring AC/DC converter which features high efficiency and high power factor is described. In the proposed converter, energy transfers in hybrid mode which means that when the instant line voltage exceeds the preset value, energy is transferred directly to the output side from the input line; otherwise the energy storage capacitor powers the output load. The performance of the proposed concept was evaluated on a 200 W (48 V@4.17A) experimental prototype. It is shown that the efficiency is increased significantly over the case without the direct energy concept. Proof of the concept was verified theoretically and experimentally.
Electromigration reliability of dual damascene Cu/CVD SiOC interconnects (2001)

Electromigration (EM) characteristics were evaluated for multilevel copper test structures embedded in a CVD SiOC low k inter-metal dielectric. After electromigration stress testing, Cu extrusion along the interface between SiOC and the SiN dielectric diffusion barrier was revealed as the primary cause of EM failure. No evidence of cracking or mechanical weak points was observed in the bulk SiOC film; thus improved EM lifetime is expected from enhancement in the adhesion strength of SiN to SiOC. The calculated EM activation energies for 0.35 /spl mu/m via chains and 0.5 /spl mu/m via chains are 0.82 eV and 0.93 eV, respectively. The current density exponent (n) was measured to be about 1, which is consistent with the void growth mechanism in Cu. The critical length was found to decrease with increasing current density, and the j/spl middot/L/sub c/ product was determined to be approximately 7500 A/cm.
Optical Frequency Transfer via 1840 km Fiber Link with superior Stability (2014)

We investigated the transfer of a 194 THz optical frequency along a 1840 km fiber link. The fractional frequency instability expressed as the modified Allan deviation is 2.7 × 10−15 at 1 s with 4 × 10−19 after 100 s. The transferred frequency shows no systematic offset within an uncertainty of 3 × 10−19. Analyzing the underlying noise structure reveals a τ−2 response in the modified Allan deviation, which is confirmed by calculations of the frequency instability from frequency counter data as well as from phase noise data.
Engineering Plant Signal Transduction for Water Smart Crops (2018)

Plant hormones are a structurally diverse collection of small molecules that control plant growth, development, and environmental responses. Work over the past two decades has established that many plant hormones directly stabilize protein‐protein complexes and act analogously to chemical dimerization agents, which were first described for the immunosuppressants rapamycin, FK506, and cyclosporin. For example, abscisic acid (ABA), which regulates plant transpiration, stabilizes a complex between soluble ABA receptors and downstream phosphatases; the ABA‐induced complex inhibits phosphatase activity, which in turn derepresses downstream kinases and activates signaling. I will describe my lab's work in discovering this intriguing sensing module and our efforts to design both synthetic ABA receptor agonists and engineer receptors with altered ligand binding properties. An unusually large family of receptors encodes ABA receptors and, until recently, it was unclear if selective or pan‐agonists would be required to effectively control plant water use and drought tolerance. Our discovery and characterization of multiple selective agonists resolved this issue and defined the ABA receptor Pyrabactin Resistance 1 (PYR1) and its close relatives as key targets that can be leveraged to control transpiration. I will also describe a new fully orthogonal signaling module that is insulated from endogenous signaling components and controlled by a non‐native agrochemical. This engineered dimerization module provides a simple platform technology for programming crops with agrochemically controlled traits. Support or Funding Information Supported by NSF (IOS1258175 and 1656890) and Syngenta Crop Protection AG. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Nanosecond pulsed CMOS LED for all-silicon time-of-flight ranging (2023)

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) is a widely used technique for measuring distance. With recent advancements in integrated photonics, there is a growing interest in miniaturizing LIDAR systems through on-chip photonic devices, but a LIDAR light source compatible with current integrated circuit technology remains elusive. In this letter, we report a pulsed CMOS LED based on native Si, which spectrally overlaps with Si detectors' responsivity and can produce optical pulses as short as 1.6 ns. A LIDAR prototype is built by incorporating this LED and a Si single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). By utilizing time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) to measure the time-of-flight (ToF) of reflected optical pulses, our LIDAR successfully estimated the distance of targets located approximately 30 cm away with sub-centimeter resolution, approaching the Cramér-Rao lower bound set by the pulse width and instrument jitter. Additionally, our LIDAR is capable of generating depth images of natural targets. This all-Si LIDAR demonstrates the feasibility of integrated distance sensors on a single photonic chip.
Photon extraction enhancement of praseodymium ions in gallium nitride nanopillars (2022)

Lanthanoid-doped Gallium Nitride (GaN) integrated into nanophotonic technologies is a promising candidate for room-temperature quantum photon sources for quantum technology applications. We manufactured praseodymium (Pr)-doped GaN nanopillars of varying size, and showed significantly enhanced room-temperature photon extraction efficiency compared to unstructured Pr-doped GaN. Implanted Pr ions in GaN show two main emission peaks at 650.3 nm and 651.8 nm which are attributed to <sup>3</sup>P<sub>0</sub>-<sup>3</sup>F<sub>2</sub> transition in the 4f-shell. The maximum observed enhancement ratio was 23.5 for 200 nm diameter circular pillars, which can be divided into the emitted photon extraction enhancement by a factor of 4.5 and the photon collection enhancement by a factor of 5.2. The enhancement mechanism is explained by the eigenmode resonance inside the nanopillar. Our study provides a pathway for Lanthanoid-doped GaN nano/micro-scale photon emitters and quantum technology applications.
Creation of a functional heterogeneous vesicle array via DNA controlled surface sorting onto a spotted microarray (2006)

Membrane protein microarrays are expected to play a key role in the future of drug screening and discovery. The authors present a method for the creation of functional heterogeneous vesicle arrays via DNA controlled surface sorting. Complexes of streptavidin and biotinylated DNA are spotted onto a biomolecule- and cell-resistant surface of biotinylated poly(L-lysine)-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol). Two kinds of vesicles functionalized with either the membrane-binding protein annexin A5 or loaded with bovine serum albumin, are tagged with DNA, mixed together, and guided to predefined spots on the surface. The authors show that the spotted complexes remain active and selective and that the background is resistant towards nonspecific adsorption of the vesicles and the proteins.
Regulation by interleukin 2 of CD23 expression of leukemic and normal B cells: comparison with interleukin 4 (1989)

Recombinant interleukin (IL) 4 has been shown to be able to up-regulate low-affinity Fc receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII)-CD23 expression on B cells as well as on other human mononuclear cells. We demonstrate here that, in opposition with previous reports, recombinant IL2 also can up-regulate CD23 expression on B cells. This was first observed on CLL cells which represent a monoclonal proliferation of B cells arrested at an intermediate stage of activation. Cells of 5 out of 12 B-CLL studied display such an increase and all 5 proliferated, in vitro, directly in response to IL2. Similarly, upon triggering with anti-mu and IL2, normal tonsillar B lymphocytes also demonstrate an increase of CD23 expression but this was observed only on day 3. Interferon-gamma was able to inhibit this IL2-mediated up-regulation of CD23 on normal B cells but not on CLL-B cells; on those cells interferon-gamma was similarly unable to inhibit the IL4-mediated CD23 up-regulation. These results suggest that CD23 regulation is complex and related to the stage of activation and the cell type.
Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering in Oxide Semiconductor Thin-Film Transistors With Asymmetrical Local Density of States (2018)

Asymmetrical electrical properties induced by local acceptor-like defect states in oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors are investigated. In addition, we report on the origin of asymmetrical transport characteristics depending on the drain voltage level. In particular, we observe that these asymmetrical properties depend strongly on this level. Numerical calculations demonstrate that potential barrier lowering in the local area occurs at the drain electrode's edge.
Peri-personal space as a prior in coupling visual and proprioceptive signals (2018)

It has been suggested that the integration of multiple body-related sources of information within the peri-personal space (PPS) scaffolds body ownership. However, a normative computational framework detailing the functional role of PPS is still missing. Here we cast PPS as a visuo-proprioceptive Bayesian inference problem whereby objects we see in our environment are more likely to engender sensations as they come near to the body. We propose that PPS is the reflection of such an increased a priori probability of visuo-proprioceptive coupling that surrounds the body. To test this prediction, we immersed participants in a highly realistic virtual reality (VR) simulation of their right arm and surrounding environment. We asked participants to perform target-directed reaches toward visual, proprioceptive, and visuo-proprioceptive targets while visually displaying their reaching arm (body visible condition) or not (body invisible condition). Reach end-points are analyzed in light of the coupling prior framework, where the extension of PPS is taken to be represented by the spatial dispersion of the coupling prior between visual and proprioceptive estimates of arm location. Results demonstrate that if the body is not visible, the spatial dispersion of the visuo-proprioceptive coupling relaxes, whereas the strength of coupling remains stable. By demonstrating a distance-dependent alteration in visual and proprioceptive localization attractive pull toward one another (stronger pull at small spatial discrepancies) when the body is rendered invisible - an effect that is well accounted for by the visuo-proprioceptive coupling prior - the results suggest that the visible body grounds visuo-proprioceptive coupling preferentially in the near vs. far space.
Supplementary Table 2 from Impact of Screening Test Performance and Cost on Mortality Reduction and Cost-effectiveness of Multimodal Ovarian Cancer Screening (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 52K, Cost-effectiveness of ovarian cancer screening strategies in populations at increased risk&lt;/p&gt;
OraVescent: A Novel Technology for the Transmucosal Delivery of Drugs (2002)

The OraVescent SL and BL drug delivery systems have been designed to promote drug absorption through the oral mucosa (sublingual and buccal delivery, respectively). This may enable more rapid absorption of drugs that have a long Tmax. In other instances, this route of administration may be desirable to avoid the ﬁrst-pass effect and so improve the bioavailability of the drug. Some drugs are not absorbed to a signiﬁcant extent when administered orally and delivery through the oral cavity mucosa may represent a convenient method of administration. The formulation of drugs of this type into tablets for transmucosal absorption may permit the replacement of an injection with such a tablet. In some instances the pathological condition of the patient detracts from efﬁcient absorption of a drug that would otherwise be well absorbed. An obvious example is the case where the patient is vomiting frequently. In addition, gastrointestinal transit may be so severely compromised during a migraine attack as to render efﬁcient drug absorption unlikely. Under these circumstances, a transmucosal system may be advantageous. The technology is protected by a patent, as described in the technical section below, and additional patents are pending.
Formation of Two-spored Asci by Interrupted Sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1981)

Sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was disturbed by transferring cells to water after 4 to 8 h incubation in potassium acetate medium, giving rise to almost exclusively two-spored asci at a high frequency. The (+ −) asci for a given auxotrophic marker (+ and − indicate the phenotypes due to the dominant and recessive alleles of the marker, respectively) predominated over the (+ +) and (− −) asci, and the (+ +) asci predominated over the (− −) asci. The frequencies of these three ascus types were related to the distance of the marker from the centromere. Most of the segregants showed a mating reaction with either a or α haploids, while a few were non- or omni-maters. These observations, along with statistical data on observed and expected frequencies of various ascus types, indicate that the two-spored asci are not generated from normal meiotic products by random abortion of two spores. An alternative mechanism is proposed in which the first meiotic division including crossing over at the four-chromatid stage occurs normally, but the second meiotic division is interrupted, possibly at centromere splitting and/or formation of the spindle apparatus. On this basis, equations describing theoretical frequencies of various ascus types were derived. Expected frequencies of the different ascus types for nine auxotrophic markers having various centromere distances and for mating types were calculated from the equations and compared with the data observed in 188 dyads from three different diploids. A uniformly good fit was found between expected and observed frequencies.
Thermoplastic Elastomers 4. Poly(ether-ester-imide)s Derived from Trimellitic Anhydride, 1,6 Diaminohexane,1,4-Dihydroxybutane and Poly(ethylene oxide) (2001)

Abstract Four thermoplastic elastomers having the structure of poly(ether-ester-imide)s, PEEIs, were prepared and characterized. The hard segments were synthesized from 1,4-dihydroxybutane and from an imide dicarboxylic acid based on 1,6-diaminohexane and trimellitic anhydride. Poly(tetramethylene oxide)-1000, poly(ethylene oxide)-1000 or mixtures of both oligoethers served as soft segments. The PEEI based on neat PEO-1000 was also modified by a solid state post-condensation which raised the n rel value by a factor three. All PEEIs were characterized by H NMR spectroscopy, inherent viscosity and DSC measurements, and stress-strain measurements. The PEEIs based on neat PEO-1000 were also characterized by dynamic thermal mechanical analysis, by hysteresis measurements and by melt rheology.
Supplementary Information from IGF2 Preserves Osteosarcoma Cell Survival by Creating an Autophagic State of Dormancy That Protects Cells against Chemotherapeutic Stress (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Information. Supplementary Materials and Methods and Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 4 from SMAC Mimetic (JP1201) Sensitizes Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers to Multiple Chemotherapy Agents in an IAP-Dependent but TNF-α–Independent Manner (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 45K, Cells were seeded at 500 cells per well in 6 well dishes. The appropriate concentrations of drug were prepared from stock solutions in medium and given to cells for 10-28 days depending on the cell line. At the end of the assay, medium was aspirated and cells were fixed and stained with 0.5% methylene blue in 50% ethanol for 30 minutes. After staining, wells were washed and black and white images of the plates were taken using a ChemiDoc XRS imager and colonies counted (Quantity One software v4.6.5, BioRad, Hercules, CA). Colony counts are averages of triplicate wells done in triplicate over a two week period. - indicates where no drug sensitivity data has been determined.&lt;/p&gt;