gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flavohemoglobin denitrosylase catalyzes the reaction of a nitroxyl equivalent with molecular oxygen (2001)

We have previously reported that bacterial flavohemoglobin (HMP) catalyzes both a rapid reaction of heme-bound O 2 with nitric oxide (NO) to form nitrate [HMP-Fe(II)O 2 + NO → HMP-Fe(III) + NO \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*}{\mathrm{_{3}^{-}}}\end{equation*}\end{document} ] and, under anaerobic conditions, a slower reduction of heme-bound NO to an NO − equivalent (followed by the formation of N 2 O), thereby protecting against nitrosative stress under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and rationalizing our finding that NO is rapidly consumed across a wide range of O 2 concentrations. It has been alternatively suggested that HMP activity is inhibited at low pO 2 because the enzyme is then in the relatively inactive nitrosyl form [ k off / k on for NO (0.000008 μM) ≪ k off / k on for O 2 (0.012 μM) and K M for O 2 = 30–100 μM]. To resolve this discrepancy, we have directly measured heme-ligand turnover and NADH consumption under various O 2 /NO concentrations. We find that, at biologically relevant O 2 concentrations, HMP preferentially binds NO (not O 2 ), which it then reacts with oxygen to form nitrate (in essence NO − + O 2 → NO \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} \begin{equation*}{\mathrm{_{3}^{-}}}\end{equation*}\end{document} ). During steady-state turnover, the enzyme can be found in the ferric (FeIII) state. The formation of a heme-bound nitroxyl equivalent and its subsequent oxidation is a novel enzymatic function, and one that dominates the oxygenase activity under biologically relevant conditions. These data unify the mechanism of HMP/NO interaction with those recently described for the nematode Ascaris and mammalian hemoglobins, and more generally suggest that the peroxidase (FeIII)-like properties of globins have evolved for handling of NO.
Intumescence‐Based Flame Retardant (2021)

This chapter reviews the applications of intumescence in the field of fire protection (resistance to fire) and fire retardancy (reaction to fire) of material. It starts describing the basics of intumescence and gives the main intumescent products available on the market associated with their typical application's fields. It covers the reaction to fire of intumescent polymers and textiles including the latest developments of flame retardants as well as synergists. Resistance to fire is also considered using intumescent coating at the large and reduced scale. Mechanisms of action are always discussed considering the chemical, physical and thermal aspects.
Grafting of Gold Nanoparticles onto Organogelator‐Templated Fibrous Mercaptosilica (2005)

Abstract Fibrous organosilicas functionalized with mercaptopropyl moieties (20 and 40 Mol‐% of –C 3 H 6 SH per Si) have been prepared through a smart, “one‐pot” sol‐gel route employing a phenazinic organogelator (DUOP) as a templating agent. The fibrous mercaptosilicas have been characterized morphologically (SEM observations) and chemically (Raman, 29 Si solid‐state NMR and chemical analysis), and the functionality of the final materials have been also confirmed by the efficient post‐grafting of Au nanoparticles. These fibrous gold‐mercaptosilica nanocomposite materials could be very useful for nanoelectronic or optoelectronic applications.
INDUCING THE MORPHOLOGICAL LEXICON OF A NATURAL LANGUAGE FROM UNANNOTATED TEXT (2005)

This work presents an algorithm for the unsupervised learning, or induction, of a simple morphology of a natural language. A probabilistic maximum a posteriori model is utilized, which builds hierarchical representations for a set of morphs, which are morpheme-like units discovered from unannotated text corpora. The induced morph lexicon stores parameters related to both the “meaning ” and “form ” of the morphs it contains. These parameters affect the role of the morphs in words. The model is implemented in a task of unsupervised morpheme segmentation of Finnish and English words. Very good results are obtained for Finnish and almost as good results are obtained in the English task. 1.
Protective Roles of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR), a Negative Regulator of Protein S-Nitrosylation, in Obesity- and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes: iNOS-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms (2009)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Planar potentiometric SO2 gas sensor for high temperatures using NASICON electrolyte combined with V2O5/WO3/TiO2 + Au or Pt electrode (2011)

For high temperature application, a planar SO2 sensor using NASICON as an electrolyte and V2O5/WO3/TiO2 + Au or Pt as a sensing electrode was fabricated and investigated. In the case of Pt electrodes, the sensor showed the strange response in temperature range from 300–600°C. In the case of Au electrodes, the sensor showed a strange behavior at 300 and 400°C, while at 600°C the sensor showed good response to SO2. The highest sensitivity with 80–83 mV/decade in the SO2 range from 20 to 200 ppm was observed at 600°C, although offset shifting was observed in repeated measurements. The sensors showed the potential for good selectivity at 600°C in the case of Au electrodes. The fact that the electric potential difference of the sensor is strongly affected by the electrode materials may intend that the mechanism of the sensor is a mixed potential type.
Multiple metal-carbon bonds. 34. Metathesis of acetylenes by molybdenum(VI) alkylidyne complexes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple metal-carbon bonds. 34. Metathesis of acetylenes by molybdenum(VI) alkylidyne complexesLaughlin G. McCullough and Richard R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 14, 4067–4068Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00326a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00326a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views703Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases in Plants: Evolution, Expression and Function (2013)

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are plant proteins that directly bind calcium ions before phosphorylating substrates involved in metabolism, osmosis, hormone response and stress signaling pathways. CPKs are a large multigene family of proteins that are present in all plants studied to date, as well as in protists, oomycetes and green algae, but are not found in animals and fungi. Despite the increasing evidence of the importance of CPKs in developmental and stress responses from various plants, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of CPKs from algae to higher plants has not been undertaken. This paper describes the evolution of CPKs from green algae to plants using a broadly sampled phylogenetic analysis and demonstrates the functional diversification of CPKs based on expression and functional studies in different plant species. Our findings reveal that CPK sequence diversification into four major groups occurred in parallel with the terrestrial transition of plants. Despite significant expansion of the CPK gene family during evolution from green algae to higher plants, there is a high level of sequence conservation among CPKs in all plant species. This sequence conservation results in very little correlation between CPK evolutionary groupings and functional diversity, making the search for CPK functional orthologs a challenge.
Do you know your IQ? (2010)

Information quality (IQ) is a measure of how fit information is for a purpose. Sometimes called Quality of Information (QoI) by analogy with Quality of Service (QoS), it quantifies whether the correct information is being used to make a decision or take an action. Not understanding when information is of adequate quality can lead to bad decisions and catastrophic effects, including system outages, increased costs, lost revenue -- and worse. Quantifying information quality can help improve decision making, but the ultimate goal should be to select or construct information producers that have the appropriate balance between information quality and the cost of providing it. In this paper, we provide a brief introduction to the field, argue the case for applying information quality metrics in the systems domain, and propose a research agenda to explore this space.
Dihydrogen Reduction of Carboxylic Esters to Alcohols under the Catalysis of Homogeneous Ruthenium Complexes: High Efficiency and Unprecedented Chemoselectivity (2007)

Selektiv mit H2: Das Vorliegen der beiden N,P-Brücken in den für die Titelreaktion genutzten Ruthenium-Katalysatoren ist entscheidend für deren katalytische Wirkung. Ester mit isolierten CC-Bindungen werden mit hohen Ausbeuten und Chemoselektivitäten in die ungesättigten Alkohole überführt (siehe Beispiel). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z701015_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Method and apparatus for decoupled thermo-catalytic pollution control (2023)

A new method for design and scale-up of thermocatalytic processes is disclosed. The method is based on optimizing process energetics by decoupling of the process energetics from the DRE for target contaminants. The technique is applicable to high temperature thermocatalytic reactor design and scale-up. The method is based on the implementation of polymeric and other low-pressure drop support for thermocatalytic media as well as the multifunctional catalytic media in conjunction with a novel rotating fluidized particle bed reactor.
Robust and high‐resolution simulations of nonlinear electrokinetic processes in variable cross‐section channels (2012)

We present a model and an associated numerical scheme to simulate complex electrokinetic processes in channels with nonuniform cross-sectional area. We develop a quasi-1D model based on local cross-sectional area averaging of the equations describing unsteady, multispecies, electromigration-diffusion transport. Our approach uses techniques of lubrication theory to approximate electrokinetic flows in channels with arbitrary variations in cross-section; and we include chemical equilibrium calculations for weak electrolytes, Taylor-Aris type dispersion due of nonuniform bulk flow, and the effects of ionic strength on species mobility and on acid-base equilibrium constants. To solve the quasi-1D governing equations, we provide a dissipative finite volume scheme that adds numerical dissipation at selective locations to ensure both unconditional stability and high accuracy. We couple the numerical scheme with a novel adaptive grid refinement algorithm that further improves the accuracy of simulations by minimizing numerical dissipation. We benchmark our numerical scheme with existing numerical schemes by simulating nonlinear electrokinetic problems, including ITP and electromigration dispersion in CZE. Simulation results show that our approach yields fast, stable, and high-resolution solutions using an order of magnitude less grid points compared to the existing dissipative schemes. To highlight our model's capabilities, we demonstrate simulations that predict increase in detection sensitivity of ITP in converging cross-sectional area channels. We also show that our simulations of ITP in variable cross-sectional area channels have very good quantitative agreement with published experimental data.
Focussing properties of 45 degree-off-axis parabolic mirrors (1993)

The focussing properties of 45 degree-off-axis parabolic mirrors were examined using a Prometec Laser Scope, with comparison to those of 90, 60 and 30 degree-off-axis parabolic mirrors. These mirrors are all SPDT (Single Point Diamond Turning)-treated, Mo-coated surface and their focal lengths are 254mm. We examined (1) The focussing properties (focal spot size, spot elliptical shape and ellipticity) differ depending on misalignment and mode (Power). (2) With attention to the fact that ZnSe window is frequently used with parabolic mirrors, and the affect on focussing properties of parabolic mirror by the thermally induced optical distortion of this window. And (3) The condition of the parabolic mirrors under irradiation of 5kw laser was simulated.
<title>Positive-tone dry-develop resist based on crosslinking a phenolic resin</title> (1993)

We have previously shown that a copolymer of p-hydroxstyrene and p-acetoxymethylstyrene can be used as a sensitive deep UV resist. In that study we demonstrated that a formulation of this copolymer and an onium salt could be exposed, baked and developed in aqueous base to yield a high resolution negative tone relief image. In this paper we discuss a gas phase silylation process that converts this negative tone solvent-developable resist system into a positive tone dry-developable resist system. We have used an FT-IR microscope, coupled to a motorized X-Y stage, to study the silylation process as a function of UV exposure dose and silylation processing parameters. By altering the copolymer ratio, we found that resist contrast increased when the amount of acetoxymethylstyrene increased. This resist system and dry develop process were used to print 0.35 micrometers images at a DUV dose of approximately 25 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.
Primary prevention of acute renal failure in the critically ill (2005)

The best evidence suggests that nonpharmacologic strategies are more effective than drugs in reducing the risk of acute renal failure. Evidence also exists that strategies that improve survival in critically ill patients also reduce the incidence of organ failure, including acute renal failure.
Multilink DC transmission system for supergrid future concepts and wind power integration (2011)

A possible methodology for the power sharing is based on DC voltage droop control at onshore station converters. The aim is to present an evaluation tool for the droop control parameter description in support of DC power sharing. Main limitation for this method regarding sharing factors definition and overvoltages are going to be revised. A study case using two different onshore stations are going to be used. Both of them are sized with different power ratings and they have different distances from the offshore converters. This benchmark is suitable as starting point for future prospects of DC supergrids. Using the concept of virtual impedances, the droop parameters are limited by the boundaries of the DC voltage limits and line characteristics. For the power sharing point of view, mainly the cable resistances are considered. Simulation results using time domain simulation (EMTDC/PSCAD) will reinforce the methodology. The approach can be considered as a general case from the previous control schemes based on voltage droop. The work extends the purpose to power sharing characteristic and it can be useful when the converters have different sizes or/and there are restrict agreements among all the operators at onshore AC systems. (6 pages)
Supplementary Table 1 from Forkhead Box F1 Regulates Tumor-Promoting Properties of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Forkhead Box F1 Regulates Tumor-Promoting Properties of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Lung Cancer
In Vivo Generation of Engraftable Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Gfi1b, c-Fos, and Gata2 Overexpression within Teratoma (2017)

Generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) could potentially provide unlimited HSCs for clinical transplantation, a curative treatment for numerous blood diseases. However, to date, bona fide HSC generation has been largely unsuccessful in vitro. We have previously described proof of concept for in vivo HSC generation from PSCs via teratoma formation. However, our first-generation system was complex and the output low. Here, we further optimize this technology and demonstrate the following: (1) simplified HSC generation using transcription factor overexpression; (2) improved HSC output using c-Kit-deficient host mice, and (3) that teratomas can be transplanted and cryopreserved. We demonstrate that overexpression of Gfi1b, c-Fos, and Gata2, previously reported to transdifferentiate fibroblasts into hematopoietic progenitors in vitro, can induce long-term HSC formation in vivo. Our in vivo system provides a useful platform to investigate new strategies and re-evaluate existing strategies to generate HSCs and study HSC development.
Origins of the High 14-Helix Propensity of Cyclohexyl-Rigidified Residues in β-Peptides (2007)

[structure: see text] beta-Peptides containing residues derived from trans-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid (ACHC) display high population of 14-helical secondary structure in aqueous solution. We show that hydrophobic interactions between cyclohexyl rings are not responsible for this conformation-promoting effect, and that polar groups may be attached to the cyclohexyl ring without diminishing the effect.
The Narrative Immersion of Play : A Link Between Immersion and the Narrative of Games’ Side-Activities (2020)

The thesis aimed to research the connection between narrative immersion and the willingness of video game players to perform side activities while playing. There are many existing researches done on the connection between immersion and narrative, but not enough that focus on the side activities of games. The study was assigned by JAMK’s Business Information Technology degree programme. &#13;\nIn the first part the history and theories regarding both narrative and immersion are looked at from the perspective of ludology. The relationship between narrative and ludology was found to be rather short yet controversial. Immersion on the other hand was found to go well with video games and different elements that causes it were discovered.&#13;\nIn the second part a qualitative study was conducted using two different narrative-heavy video games. A total of seven participants were interviewed on their experi-ences and thoughts on these titles. The participants were adults or young adults who agreed to be interviewed in an online environment. These interviews were then ana-lysed on compared with pre-existing information on the topic. &#13;\nThe study found out that many elements affect the immersion and enjoyment of the game according to the participants. The two most important elements for immersive side activities from the perspective of the narrative turned out to be curiosity and context. The players needed to feel a logical connection between the world of the game and their actions while the game needed to keep the players invested by offer-ing interesting situations where the players wanted to experience more.
MHC class II Tetramer Guided Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐specific CD4+ T Cells in Peripheral Blood from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2007)

Abstract Novel diagnostic tools are needed to diagnose latent infection and to provide biologically meaningful surrogate markers to define cellular immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Interferon gamma‐based assays have recently been developed in addition to the more than 100‐year‐old tuberculin skin test (TST) for the immune diagnosis of MTB in blood. The advent of soluble MHC/peptide tetramer molecules allows to objectively enumerate antigen‐specific T cells. We identified novel MHC class II‐restricted MTB epitopes and used HLA‐DR4 tetrameric complexes to visualize ex vivo CD4 + T cells directed against the antigens Ag85B and the 19‐kDa lipoprotein, shared between MTB and other Mycobacterium species, and CD4 + T cells which recognize the MTB‐associated ESAT‐6 antigen. MTB‐reactive CD4 + T cells reside predominantly in the CD45RA + CD28 + and CD45 − CD28 + T‐cell subset and recognize naturally processed and presented MTB epitopes. HLA‐DR4‐restricted, Ag85B or ESAT‐6‐specific CD4 + T cells show similar dynamics over time in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) when compared with CD8 + T cells directed against the corresponding HLA‐A2‐presented MTB epitopes in patients with pulmonary MTB infection and subsequent successful therapy. This was not found to be true for T‐cell responses directed against the 19‐kDa lipoprotein. The dissection of the cellular immune response in M. tuberculosis infection will enable novel strategies for monitoring MTB vaccine candidates and to gauge CD4 + T cells directed against MTB.
Enhancement of Anticancer Efficacy and Tumor Penetration of Sorafenib by Ionic Liquids (2020)

Ionic liquids (ILs) possess unique solvation and biological properties for drug delivery. Choline and geranic acid (CAGE) in particular, has been successfully formulated to orally deliver insulin and hydrophobic therapeutics such as sorafenib (SRF). However, relatively little is known about the effect of CAGE on intracellular delivery of drugs. Here the effect of low-concentration CAGE (<2 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> ) on the delivery of SRF into cancer cells (4T1, PANC-1, and HT29) as well as intestine epithelium cells (Caco-2) is studied. The anti-cancer effect of SRF is enhanced by up to fivefold in the presence of CAGE (0.5 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> ). The effect is mediated not by enhancing the cellular uptake of SRF but by improving intracellular SRF retention by inhibiting exocytosis. Moreover, CAGE improves the anti-tumor effect of SRF by increasing apoptosis and blocking cell-cycle progression. Moreover, CAGE significantly enhances the penetration of SRF into and across multicellular constructs with multiple mechanisms involved. Collectively, the administration of ILs such as CAGE combined with SRF may offer a novel therapy to better inhibit tumor progression.