gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Processing and properties of FeW amorphous particle strengthened metal matrix composites (1994)

Metal matrix composites have two important interfacial problems between the matrix and the reinforcement which can reduce its desirable mechanical properties. Chemical differences between the matrix and the reinforcement can lead to reactions and deterioration of the reinforcement. Secondly, structural differences between the matrix and the reinforcement lead to bonding conditions which are far from ideal. By using a reinforcement which has a similar chemistry and local atomic structure to that of the matrix, these critical problems can be reduced. A crystalline matrix reinforced with an amorphous form of the matrix is a possible solution to the problem. Composites of amorphous Fe-W alloy particles reinforcing an Fe matrix were produced using mechanical alloying. Bulk samples were produced and their properties were studied. After analyzing the results, the amorphous alloys were determined to be effective strengtheners. However, porosity in the composites led to a reduction of the strengthening imparted by the reinforcement.
Identifying hypoxia in human tumors: A correlation study between18F-FMISO PET and the Eppendorf oxygen-sensitive electrode (2010)

This study analyzed the relationship between (18)F-FMISO PET and Eppendorf pO(2) electrode measurements by use of a virtual voxel model. There was a spectrum of hypoxia among tumors that can be detected by both assays. However no correlation was observed, and in general tumors were more hypoxic based on Eppendorf pO(2) measurements as compared to (18)F-FMISO PET.
Pharmacokinetics of PK1 and doxorubicin in experimental colon tumor models with differing responses to PK1. (1999)

PK1 is a synthetic N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-doxorubicin (dox) conjugate currently undergoing Phase II evaluation in the United Kingdom. We have studied the activity of PK1 in three murine colon tumor models that differ in terms of morphology and vascularization in an attempt to determine which factors are most important in the tumor response to PK1. Vascular permeability was evaluated with Evans Blue, and pharmacokinetic studies in MAC15A and MAC26 used high-performance liquid chromatography to monitor both PK1 uptake and dox release in the tumors. Cathepsin B activity was assessed using a specific substrate. PK1 (40 mg x kg(-1) dox equivalent) was significantly more effective than dox alone (10 mg x kg(-1)) was against MAC15A tumors, which possess enhanced perfusion and retention, but not against MAC26 tumors, although MAC15A was also responsive to PK1 when grown as avascular micrometastatic deposits in the lung. Pharmacokinetic studies showed similar levels of PK1 in both tumors. Peak tumor levels of released dox were 7-fold greater in the responsive MAC15A tumor (53 microg x ml(-1)) compared with the less responsive MAC26 tumor (7.7 microg x ml(-1)) and more than 18-fold greater in MAC15A than when free dox was given. These differences in response correlated also with an increased lysosomal activity of cathepsin B. Calculated AUCs for intratumoral dox released were 431 microg x h x g(-1) and 775 microg x h x g(-1) for MAC15A and MAC26, respectively. These AUCs are 4-fold and 7-fold higher, respectively, than when dox is given alone. This study has shown that activity and the pharmacokinetics of PK1 and released dox are dependent on both the vascular properties and enzyme content of the tumors. These studies are likely to have clinical implications as aggressive tumors are known to have increased protease activity.
Measuring changes in transmission of neglected tropical diseases, malaria, and enteric pathogens from quantitative antibody levels (2017)

Age-dependent antibody curves and summary means provided a robust and sensitive measure of changes in transmission, with greatest sensitivity among young children. The method generalizes to pathogens that can be measured in high-throughput, multiplex serological assays, and scales to surveillance activities that require high spatiotemporal resolution. Our results suggest quantitative antibody levels will be particularly useful to measure differences in exposure for pathogens that elicit a transient antibody response or for monitoring populations with very high- or very low transmission, when seroprevalence is less informative. The approach represents a new opportunity to conduct integrated serological surveillance for neglected tropical diseases, malaria, and other infectious diseases with well-defined antigen targets.
Carrier concentration and lattice absorption in bulk and epitaxial silicon carbide determined using infrared ellipsometry (1999)

We have measured the dielectric function of bulk nitrogen-doped 4H and 6H SiC substrates from 700 to 4000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry. Photon absorption by transverse optical phonons produces a strong reststrahlen band between 797 and 1000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ with the effects of phonon anisotropy being observed in the region of the longitudinal phonon energy (960 to 100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$). The shape of this band is influenced by plasma oscillations of free electrons, which we describe with a classical Drude equation. For the 6H-SiC samples, we modify the Drude equation to account for the strong effective mass anisotropy. Detailed numerical regression analysis yields the free-electron concentrations, which range from $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}$ to ${10}^{19}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3},$ in good agreement with electrical and secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements. Finally, we observe the Berreman effect near the longitudinal optical phonon energy in $n\ensuremath{-}/n+$ homoepitaxial 4H SiC and hydrogen implanted samples, and we are able to determine the thickness of these surface layers.
Endolysins of Bacillus anthracis Bacteriophages Recognize Unique Carbohydrate Epitopes of Vegetative Cell Wall Polysaccharides with High Affinity and Selectivity (2012)

Bacteriophages express endolysins which are the enzymes that hydrolyze peptidoglycan resulting in cell lysis and release of bacteriophages. Endolysins have acquired stringent substrate specificities, which have been attributed to cell wall binding domains (CBD). Although it has been realized that CBDs of bacteriophages that infect Gram-positive bacteria target cell wall carbohydrate structures, molecular mechanisms that confer selectivity are not understood. A range of oligosaccharides, derived from the secondary cell wall polysaccharides of Bacillus anthracis, has been chemically synthesized. The compounds contain an α-d-GlcNAc-(1→4)-β-d-ManNAc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcNAc backbone that is modified by various patterns of α-d-Gal and β-d-Gal branching points. The library of compounds could readily be prepared by employing a core trisaccharide modified by the orthogonal protecting groups N(α)-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonate (Fmoc), 2-methylnaphthyl ether (Nap), levulinoyl ester (Lev) and dimethylthexylsilyl ether (TDS) at key branching points. Dissociation constants for the binding the cell wall binding domains of the endolysins PlyL and PlyG were determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). It was found that the pattern of galactosylation greatly influenced binding affinities, and in particular a compound having a galactosyl moiety at C-4 of the nonreducing GlcNAc moiety bound in the low micromolar range. It is known that secondary cell wall polysaccharides of various bacilli may have both common and variable structural features and in particular differences in the pattern of galactosylation have been noted. Therefore, it is proposed that specificity of endolysins for specific bacilli is achieved by selective binding to a uniquely galactosylated core structure.
The 222- to 234-kilodalton latent nuclear protein (LNA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) is encoded by orf73 and is a component of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (1997)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8) is the likely cause of KS and primary effusion lymphomas or body cavity-based lymphomas (BCBLs). A latency-associated nuclear immunofluorescence antigen (LANA) (D. H. Kedes, E. Operskalski, M. Busch, R. Kohn, J. Flood, and D. Ganem, Nat. Med. 2:918-924, 1996; S. J. Gao, L. Kingsley, M. Li, W. Zheng, C. Parravicini, J. Ziegler, R. Newton, C. R. Rinaldo, A. Saah, J. Phair, R. Detels, Y. Chang, and P. S. Moore, Nat. Med. 2:925-928, 1996) and a 222- to 234-kDa nuclear protein (LNA) (S. J. Gao, L. Kingsley, D. R. Hoover, T. J. Spira, C. R. Rinaldo, A. Saah, J. Phair, R. Detels, P. Parry, Y. Chang, and P. S. Moore, N. Engl. J. Med. 335:233-241, 1996) have previously been described in BCBL cell lines by immunofluorescence and Western blotting techniques, respectively. To identify the viral gene(s) encoding this antigen(s) we screened a cDNA library from HBL-6 cells, a B-cell lymphoma cell line persistently infected with KSHV/HHV8, with KS patient sera. One set of positive clones contained the 3' end of orf73, as well as the complete orf72 and orfK13, and another set contained the 5' end of orf73. Comparison of cDNA sequences with the KSHV/HHV8 genomic sequence revealed a splice event, occurring upstream of orf73. Immunoaffinity purified antibodies to a recombinant carboxy-terminal fragment of the orf73-encoded protein showed the characteristic speckled nuclear immunofluorescence pattern of LANA and reacted with the 222- to 234-kDa LNA on Western blots. Expression of full-length orf73 in bacteria and COS7 cells reproduced the LNA banding pattern. Immunohistochemistry on cases of nodular KS revealed that orf73/LNA is expressed in the nucleus of KS spindle cells. These findings demonstrate that orf73 encodes the 222- to 234-kDa LNA, is a component of LANA, and is expressed in KS tumor cells.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYMERIC REAGENTS. IV. GENERATION OF SULFONIUM YLIDES ON INSOLUBLE RESINS BY Y PHASE TRANSFER CATALYSIS (1979)

Abstract Polystyrol (Ia) kann zu (Ib) bromiert und dann nach Metallierung zu (Ic) mit Disulfiden (II) in die Thioether (III) übergeführt werden.
Mining gene functional networks to improve mass-spectrometry-based protein identification (2009)

Software and datasets are available at http://aug.csres.utexas.edu/msnet
Application of multiple scattering theory to subsurface defects (1984)

A recently developed multiple scattering formalism is applied to treat scattering of elastic waves by subsurface defects. In particular, the problem of a spherical cavity near a stress-free surface is treated.
A Game Theoretical Formulation for Proportional Fairness in LTE Uplink Scheduling (2009)

Uplink scheduling in LTE systems is considered. A game theoretical formulation is derived where the scheduling problem is represented as a Nash bargaining solution. An algorithm to implement the proposed scheduling scheme is presented. Throughput and fairness analysis are performed via simulations. Results show that channel aware scheduling schemes outperform the round-robin scheme, but a tradeoff must be made between the increase of total throughput and fairness towards the different users.
Nucleophilic Substitution and Claisen Rearrangement Reactions of Model Fluoroalkenes of General Structure R−CFCF−CF3 (2001)

Fluoroalkenes of general structure R-CF=CF-CF3 (2a, R = cyclopentyl and 2b, R = cyclohexyl), prepared in high yield in two steps from hexafluoropropene and the appropriate cycloalkane, react with oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen nucleophiles to give R-CX=CF-CF3 derivatives (X = H, OR, R, Ar). Reaction of fluoroalkenes 2a and 2b with allylic alkoxides gave products arising from Claisen rearrangement, providing access to keto-alkenes bearing >CFCF3 units in mid-aliphatic chain positions.
Diffractive optics for laser applications (1999)

Summary form only given, as follows. In the past ten years, diffractive optics has evolved into an important tool for the optical engineer. Significant advances in design, analysis, and fabrication technology now make it possible to utilize the unique properties of these structures in a variety of laser systems. High efficiency diffractive elements can be designed to have virtually any phase transmittance/reflectance, and possess unique polarization, antireflection, spectral, and dispersion properties. In addition, the surface relief structure of diffractive optics can be etched into a wide variety of materials, facilitating integration into existing laser systems. This tutorial reviews the properties and basic design principles of diffractive optical elements. Applications to lasers and laser systems are then reviewed, including diffractive laser resonators, microlens arrays for semiconductor lasers, beam relay optics, beam homogenizers, and computer-generated kinoforms. The potential as well as the limitations of the technology are assessed.
A Neural Network Approach to Mitigate Thermal-Induced Errors in ZUPT-aided INS (2022)

Zero velocity UPdaTe (ZUPT)-aided Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) using foot-mounted Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have been considered as a promising technology for localization of emergency responders, including firefighters and other personnel, in GPS-denied environments. Most commercially available general purpose MEMS IMUs are sensitive to ambient temperature changes. As a result, ZUPT-aided INS using these devices can have a degraded performance when operating in temperature-varying scenarios. This paper proposed a ZUPT-aided INS enhanced with a Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN)-based thermal compensation method. The proposed approach trained 12 different BPNNs to mitigate 12 thermal-induced errors separately, including bias drifts and noise standard deviation variations of accelerometers and gyroscopes along the three axes. We compared the proposed temperature-compensated ZUPT-aided INS with the traditional ZUPT-aided INS with a series of pedestrian indoor walking experiments in both temperature-static and -varying environments. Our experimental results showed that in the static cases, the traditional approach and our proposed approach had similar position Root-Mean-Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.38 m and 0.34 m, respectively. In the varying cases, however, the traditional approach had an RMSE of 9.29 m while our proposed approach significantly reduced the RMSE to 0.57 m.
The structure and formation of nanotwins in BaTiO3thin films (1998)

Abstract The structure and configuration of {111} twins in polycrystalline BaTiO3 films prepared by laser ablation deposition are investigated by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The number density of the twins in these films is high and the thickness of the twin lamellae is in the range of nanometres. In some grains, ordering of these nanotwins gives rise to a local structure which resembles that of the hexagonal phase. In most cases these twin lamellae extend to penetrate the whole grain. Nevertheless, twin lamellae which terminate in the grain are found. Some of them are very small (less than 1 nm in thickness) and are accompanied by partial dislocations with a Burgers vector of (a/3)〈111〉. These small twins can be considered to represent an early stage of twin formation. Based on the structure of these small twins the crystallography and models for twin formation in the films are discussed. It turns out that the nucleation of a {111} twin from dissociation of an a〈111〉 edge dislocation is one of the mechanisms of twin formation in polycrystalline BaTiO3 films.
ChemInform Abstract: General Method for the Preparation of Electron‐Deficient Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Related Heterocycles. (2016)

Abstract A new annulation method for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and related heterocycles is described.
High energy, monolithic fiber femtosecond lasers (2013)

The paper presents monolithic fiber-optic CPA systems - where the mode-locked oscillator, pulse stretcher, pulse shaper, pulse picker, and all amplifier stages are comprised of fusion spliced fiber devices - emitting up to 300 μJ compressed pulse output with duration <;500 fs (FWHM). This is a 6 times higher pulse energy than previously reported for monolithic fiber femtosecond lasers. Higher femtosecond pulse energy enables cutting and drilling through thicker materials, at faster rates, without imposing a heat affected zone (HAZ). Generating this femtosecond beam with a monolithic fiber-optic system provides the most compact and stable form factor, suitable for industrial work cell integration and global factory deployment.
gamutHeatMap (2011)

When a photograph is printed, its original colours are converted to those of the output medium using a rendering intent transformation. This process takes into consideration the colour properties of the paper and the printer used. gamutHeatMaps are a visualization that highlights the perceptual difference between a soft-proof of a photograph in the intended output medium, and its original. They can be used to compare different output media to determine the one that most accurately renders the colours of a given photograph.
Dynamic characterization of UV-induced PMD and PDL in fiber Bragg gratings (2005)

Using a fast polarimeter, the growths of PMD and PDL in FBGs during FBG inscription are characterized and the changes in birefringence of the effective mode index and index modulation are analyzed with coupled-mode theory. (2 pages)
Geometric Model Reduction Driven by Numerical Simulation Accuracy (2021)

International audience
An Analysis of the Effects of Vortex Shedding on Time Averaged Lift (2006)

The use of propeller blade shapes with new trailing edge details has proven eective in delaying cavitation inception, but resulted in inconsistent prediction of average forces. Two-dimensional studies indicate that the cause of these inconsistencies can be found in the unmodeled vortex street that exists behind foils operating at high Reynolds Numbers. Flow unsteadiness due to vortex shedding can in principle be treated via Reynolds averaging; however, current turbulence models address only classical shear-driven turbulence and make no claim to represent vortex-street flows. Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) modeling of the two-dimensional flow around various blade shapes indicates that the unmodeled vortex street will cause over prediction of lift coecient. Although vortex shedding can be fully modeled with unsteady RANS, it is computationally intensive and unrealistic for most engineering applications. A parameter model based on new computations of over 1,000 previously published experiments has been developed to allow a simple lift coecient correction to steady flow viscous calculations to improve engineering predictions. This lift coecient correction has been found to be small for typical low drag foils with traditional trailing edges.
Study of the design of waveguide filters with improved suppression of modal interference through the cross-shaped slot (2003)

In this article, a new method is suggested to improve the frequency responses of dual-mode waveguide filters employing cross-shaped slots. According to this method, regarding one cross-shaped slot between two cavities, the horizontal (vertical) mode in one cavity influences the vertical (horizontal) mode in the other cavity to a much lesser extent. It enhances the overall performances. A 4th-order dual-mode filter is used as an example and it validates the method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 13: 285–292, 2003.
Teleconsultation Practice Guidelines: Report from G8 Global Health Applications Subproject 4 (2002)

This report presents a series of recommendations derived from deliberations of the G8 countries Subproject 4 Group (SP4 Group) of the Global Health Care Applications Project entitled, A Teleconsultation Practice Guideline. The recommendations provide an initial step toward developing a general guideline platform for the practice of telemedicine/teleconsultation.
Robust microphone array using subband adaptive beamformer (2002)

This paper presents a new robust microphone array to enhance speech signal under the influence of noise and jammer(s). The proposed structure comprises of a soft con-strained subband beamformer, a blocking system and a non-coherent processing technique. The soft constrained beamformer enhances the desired speech signal in a specified region by suppressing all side-lobes. This enhanced signal is then used as a reference signal by the blocking system to estimate the interference spectrum. Finally, the beamformer’s output is spectral subtracted using the estimated interference spectrum. Simulations in a real office environment show higher interference suppression level compared to those obtained using the soft constrained beamformer only. Most importantly, this is achieved with negligible expense on target signal distortion.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Domino Oxa‐Michael/Carbocyclization by Combination of Transition‐Metal and Amine Catalysis: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydrofurans. (2011)

Abstract The highly enantioselective reaction is promoted by PdCl 2 and proline‐derived organocatalyst with PhCOOH as an additive.
Changes in autonomic activity and baroreflex sensitivity with the hypertension process and age in rats (2003)

1. Autonomic activity and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were compared in age-matched conscious groups of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). 2. Male WKY rats, SHR and SHRSP aged 4-30 weeks were used. Autonomic activity and BRS were estimated by power spectral and cross-spectral analysis of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and SBP-SBP (SS) interval fluctuations, respectively. 3. The time-course of heart rate (HR), SBP, the amplitude of the low-frequency component of SBP fluctuation (SBP-LF; prazosin-sensitive index) and the amplitude of the high-frequency component of the SS interval fluctuation (SS-HF; atropine-sensitive index) consisted of two periods. In the first period (up to 10 or 15 weeks of age), BP, SBP-LF and SS-HF increased with age. The order of SBP-LF was SHRSP > SHR > WKY rats throughout this period. During the second period, BP was sustained at certain levels in all strains, but changes in SBP-LF and SS-HF with age were different among strains. In particular, in SHRSP, SBP-LF markedly decreased with age after 10 weeks. Baroreflex sensitivity in WKY rats increased gradually with age, whereas the BRS in SHR and SHRSP decreased before 6 weeks of age and remained lower than that in WKY rats. 4. In conclusion, the present study shows that both prazosin-sensitive and atropine-sensitive indices are associated with the elevation of BP in all strains studied. However, hypertension after 15 weeks of age in SHRSP is sustained despite a paradoxical reduction in sympathetic activity with an abnormal control of BRS. Therefore, the contribution of autonomic activity to hypertension may be discussed separately as a developmental period and a sustained period.
The influence of exercise-induced temperature elevations on the auditory brain-stem response (ABR) (1991)

The influence of exercise on the auditory brain-stem response (ABR) was examined in 16 healthy volunteers (8 female and 8 male). Ipsilateral ABR recordings were obtained before and after exercise on a bicycle ergonometer. The rise of body temperature so generated was 0.5-2.1 degrees C (mean, 1.3 degrees C) as measured in the contralateral external auditory meatus. Latencies of waves III and V (but not wave I) were found to be significantly lower immediately post-exercise (P less than 0.01). The temperature relations of the latency of wave V are described by the regression equation: Latency (ms) = 11.06-0.146 x temp. (degrees C). (The effects on amplitude were not significant, nor were male/female differences.) It is suggested that exercise hyperthermia could be an appropriate model for the evaluation of the ABR in fever.