gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pipeline leakage detection using distributed fibre optical temperature sensing (2005)

The leakage detection system based on the distributed fibre optical temperature measurement method is an analysing method for continuous detection and localization of leakages at pipelines in the steady and unsteady operation states according to the German rules for pipelines TRbF 301/TRFL which is valid in Germany since April 2003. The leakage detection system is useable under the precondition that there is a sufficient large temperature gradient between the leakage area and the unaffected environment. This can be caused by the medium itself or through a physical effect due to the leakage, e.g. gas expansion, evaporation. It's a very sensitive method, so also creeping leakages can be detected.
Zeolite-Inspired Low-kDielectrics Overcoming Limitations of Zeolite Films (2008)

Spin-on zeolite films deposited from Silicalite-1 nanocrystal suspensions prepared by hydrothermal treatment of clear solutions have the required properties for insulating media in microelectronics. However, on the scale of the feature sizes in on-chip interconnects of a few tens of nanometers, their homogeneity is still insufficient. We discovered a way to overcome this problem by combining the advantages of the clear solution approach of Silicalite-1 synthesis with a sol-gel approach. A combination of tetraethyl orthosilicate and methyltrimethoxysilane silica sources was hydrolyzed and cocondensed in the presence of an aqueous tetraalkylammonium hydroxide template. The resulting suspension of nanoparticles of a few nanometers in size together with residual oligomeric silica species were spun onto support. The final zeolite-inspired low-k films (ZLK) with respect to pore size and homogeneity satisfied all requirements and presented excellent hydrophobicity, stiffness, and dielectric constant. The size and content of initially formed nanoparticles and the spatial hindrance promoted by occluded tetraalkylammonium molecules were found to be crucial elements in the definition of the final pore network.
ABERRANT RESULTS PRODUCED BY PERFORMING NON-REDUCING SDS PAGE ANALYSIS OF FAB' FORMULATED WITH TIN-II (1994)

s: Fifth Conference on Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy of Cancer: Poster Session: PDF Only
A New Resynchronization Signal Design for Re1-15 LTE-M (2020)

Minimizing the resynchronization time in Long-Term Evolution for Machine Type Communications (LTE-M) is highly desirable to enhance the battery lifetime of low-power and possibly deep-coverage user equipments (UEs) targeting Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. This has led the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to initiate a work item in Re1-15 LTE-M to improve cell search and/or system information acquisition time. This has been accomplished by developing a new resynchronization signal (RSS) that can be detected during relatively short device wake-up times and with low computational effort. In this paper, we review the design aspects that have been considered while deriving the new RSS signal and describe the RSS design that has been adopted by 3GPP. Moreover, we propose another RSS design and show the differences between the proposed design and the one adopted by 3GPP in terms of the detection performance and the computational and memory complexity. Finally, we highlight the gains resulting from employing the new RSS design compared to the legacy synchronization signals.
Complete amino acid sequence of azotoflavin, a flavodoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii (1977)

&lt;p&gt;This paper first describes the development of a nonparametric identification method for linear parameter-varying (LPV) state-space models and then applies it to a nonlinear process system. The proposed method uses kernel-based least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). While parametric identification methods require proper selection of basis functions in order to avoid over- parametrization or structural bias, the problem of variance-bias tradeoff is avoided by estimating the functional dependencies of the state-space representation on the LPV scheduling variables using measured input and output data under the LS-SVM framework. The proposed formulation allows for LS-SVM to reconstruct and uncover static, as well as dynamic dependencies on scheduling variables in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) LPV models. This is achieved by assuming that the states are measurable, which is a common scenario during online control of many chemical processes described by lumped parameter models. The proposed method does not require an explicit declaration of the feature maps of the nonlinearities of the assumed model structure; instead, it requires the selection of a nonlinear kernel function and tuning its parameters. The developed identification method is applied to a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) model under realistic noise conditions. Another numerical example along with the CSTR system illustrates the performance of the proposed algorithm under both static and dynamic dependence on the scheduling variables.&lt;/p&gt;
Preparation of a Storable Zinc Carbenoid Species and Its Application in Cyclopropanation, Chain Extension, and [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement Reactions (2010)

The formation of a new phosphate carbenoid (n-BuO)(2)P(O)OZnCH(2)I and its application in organozinc-mediated reactions is described. This carbenoid undergoes very slow degradation in solution and can be stored for several weeks at -20 degrees C. Its reactivity was tested with many representative alkenes and was determined to be a powerful cyclopropanating reagent, giving the corresponding cyclopropanes in 72-99% yield. The use of this carbenoid in the chain extension of 1,3-diketones and [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reactions is also described.
Continuous-flow homogeneous catalysis using the temperature-controlled solvent properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (2010)

A fully integrated continuous process for homogeneous catalysed reactions in scCO(2) has been developed exploiting the tunable solvent properties of scCO(2). A heated condenser situated above the reaction zone leads to a phase split under isobaric conditions resulting in efficient catalyst retention and recirculation. Continuous isomerisation of allylic alcohols was carried out for over 200 hours time-on-stream demonstrating the viability of this approach.
Quantum circuit learning to predict experimental chemical properties (2022)

We introduce quantum circuit learning (QCL) as an emerging regression algorithm for chemo- and materials-informatics. The supervised model, functioning on the rule of quantum mechanics, can learn various linear and non-linear functions from small datasets (< 100 records). Its prediction process is studied by analyzing and visualizing the complex latent variables. We also show that the QCL model was powerful in predicting values in extrapolating regions. The advantage is demonstrated with several experimental chemical databases. The superior accuracies against conventional models (random forest, support vector machine, and linear algorithms) promise a new possibility of exploring new materials, breaking the traditional performance limits.
Fusion of MDCT-based endoluminal renderings and endoscopic video (2009)

Early lung cancer can cause structural and color changes to the airway mucosa. A three-dimensional (3D) multidetector CT (MDCT) chest scan provides 3D structural data for airway walls, but no detailed mucosal information. Conversely, bronchoscopy gives color mucosal information, due to airway-wall inflammation and early cancer formation. Unfortunately, each bronchoscopic video image provides only a limited local view of the airway mucosal surface and no 3D structural/location information. The physician has to mentally correlate the video images with each other and the airway surface data to analyze the airway mucosal structure and color. A fusion of the topographical information from the 3D MDCT data and the color information from the bronchoscopic video enables 3D visualization, navigation, localization, and combined color-topographic analysis of the airways. This paper presents a fast method for topographic airway-mucosal surface fusion of bronchoscopic video with 3D MDCT endoluminal views. Tests were performed on phantom sequences, real bronchoscopy patient video, and associated 3D MDCT scans. Results show that we can effectively accomplish mapping over a continuous sequence of airway images spanning several generations of airways in a few seconds. Real-time navigation and visualization of the combined data was performed. The average surface-point mapping error for a phantom case was estimated to be only on the order of 2 mm for 20 mm diameter airway.
Trusts and foundations move onshore in the Gulf (2021)

Abstract Commencing in the 7th-century CE, the notion developed in Islamic jurisprudence that property, although legally owned by a person, might nonetheless be subjected to enforceable obligations that it be utilised for the benefit of specific purposes (usually religious) or, later, for individuals, be they the recipients of charity or family members. Such property was said to be in detention (“waqf”). Later, similar legal concepts developed in the common law world (in the form of trusts) and the civil law world (in the form of foundations). In the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) states (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait), laws of the jurisdictions recognise these concepts to varying degrees—most completely in the United Arab Emirates, where common law trusts in the financial free zones, trusts in the civil law jurisdiction, foundations, a form of statutory waqf (the endowment) and awqaf (the plural of waqf), and the Court of Appeal of the Dubai International Financial Centre (“DIFC”) has recently reviewed the application of the DIFC’s Trust and Foundations Laws with the benefit of an opinion from Shari’a scholars as to the interaction of the DIFC’s legal structures with Shari’a. The article explores the development and interaction of these legal concepts, the role which they can play in the context of the region’s private wealth, and compares the various statutory regimes.
CO2 as a Viscosity Index Improver for Wind Turbine Oils (2015)

A high viscosity index (VI) is crucial for lubricants in industrial gearboxes exposed to changing load or weather conditions. Especially in the field of wind turbine oil, viscosity indices of 150 or higher are demanded to reduce power losses and ensure reliability at the same time. In this context, the use of dissolved CO2 to improve viscosity–temperature behavior has been investigated for task-specific, halogen-free ionic liquids and benchmarked against poly(α-olefins). By measuring the viscosity and density of the lubricants with dissolved CO2, it was proven that the VI can be increased significantly, even at moderate pressures. In addition, measurements and simulation on CO2 solubility and studies on corrosion and tribology under CO2 pressure are presented.
An Ontology Mapping Application Using a Shared Ontology Approach and a Bridge Ontology (2009)

This paper presents our continuing work to develop methods to exchange product knowledge in the semantic level in the CAD/CAE domains. We present an approach based on a shared ontology, in which a higher level of ontologies are shared among lower levels of ontologies. Key mapping strategies, such as Equivalency, Attribute Similarity, Composition Similarity, and Inheritance Similarity are defined to map concepts and properties defined in a product design domain and an assembly simulation domain. In addition, a Bridge Ontology is designed to store information obtained from mapping processes and construct a link between different knowledge repositories. An Ontology Mapping Application (OMA) which brings together all these elements has been designed and implemented. It is a Java-based application that allows the user to load source and target ontologies, calculate concept and property similarities between them, display the mapping results, and output a corresponding Bridge Ontology.
Development and evaluation of a new image-based user interface for robot-assisted needle placements with the Robopsy system (2009)

The main challenges of Computed Tomography (CT)-guided organ puncture are the mental registration of the medical imaging data with the patient anatomy, required when planning a trajectory, and the subsequent precise insertion of a needle along it. An interventional telerobotic system, such as Robopsy, enables precise needle insertion, however, in order to minimize procedure time and number of CT scans, this system should be driven by an interface that is directly integrated with the medical imaging data. In this study we have developed and evaluated such an interface that provides the user with a point-and-click functionality for specifying the desired trajectory, segmenting the needle and automatically calculating the insertion parameters (angles and depth). In order to highlight the advantages of such an interface, we compared robotic-assisted targeting using the old interface (non-image-based) where the path planning was performed on the CT console and transferred manually to the interface with the targeting procedure using the new interface (image-based). We found that the mean procedure time (n=5) was 22&plusmn;5 min (non-image-based) and 19&plusmn;1 min (image-based) with a mean number of CT scans of 6&plusmn;1 (non-image-based) and 5&plusmn;1 (image-based). Although the targeting experiments were performed in gelatin with homogenous properties our results indicate that an image-based interface can reduce procedure time as well as number of CT scans for percutaneous needle biopsies.
On the measurement of solute concentrations in 2-D flow tank experiments (2008)

Abstract. In this study we describe and compare photometric and resistivity measurement methodologies to determine solute concentrations in porous media flow tank experiments. The first method is the photometric method, which directly relates digitally measured intensities of a tracer dye to solute concentrations, without first converting the intensities to optical densities. This enables an effective processing of a large number of images in order to compute concentration time series at various points of the flow tank and concentration contour lines. This paper investigates perturbations of the measurements; it was found both lens flare effects and image resolution were a major source of error. Attaching a mask minimizes the lens flare. The second method for in situ measurement of salt concentrations in porous media experiments is the resistivity method. The resistivity measurement system uses two different input voltages at gilded electrode sticks to enable the measurement of salt concentrations from 0 to 300 g/l. The method is highly precise and the major perturbations are caused by temperature changes, which can be controlled in the laboratory. The two measurement approaches are compared with regard to their usefulness in providing data for benchmark experiments aimed at improving process understanding and testing numerical codes. Due to the unknown measurement volume of the electrodes, we consider the image analysis method more appropriate for intermediate scale 2D laboratory benchmark experiments for the purpose of evaluating numerical codes.
Human heat-shock protein 60 receptor-coated paramagnetic beads show improved capture of Listeria monocytogenes in the presence of other Listeria in food (2011)

As pathogen interaction with host cells is highly specific, host cell receptors could be used as alternate capture molecules on PMB to aid in specific detection of pathogens.
SOX11 target genes: implications for neurogenesis and neuropsychiatric illness (2011)

Objective: Deficits in adult and embryonic neurogenesis have been linked with neurological and psychiatric disorders, so it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. SOX11 is a transcription factor known to play a critical role in the regulation of the neuronal and glial differentiation stage of neurogenesis, so we hypothesised that the identification of its target genes would reveal underlying biological processes relevant to disease. Methods: SOX11 protein was over-expressed in HEK293 cells and transcriptional changes assessed by microarray analysis. Selected candidate genes were further tested for SOX11 activation in quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR studies of HEK293 cells and Western analysis of SH-SY5Y cells. Results: Regulated genes included a previously established SOX11 target, known markers of neurogenesis, as well as several genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Immunofluorescence localised several of the genes within the proliferative subgranular zone of the hippocampus. We observed multiple histone and zinc finger genes regulated by SOX11, many of which were located in two clusters on chromosomes 6 and 19. The chromosome 6 cluster lies within a region of the genome showing the strongest genetic association with schizophrenia. Conclusion: SOX11 appears to regulate a complex programme of chromatin remodelling and downstream gene expression changes to achieve a mature neuronal phenotype. SOX11 target genes are shown to be involved in neurodevelopmental processes important in health and, potentially, disease.
Research Issues on the Biomechanics of Seating Discomfort: An Overview with Focus on Issues of the Elderly and Low-Back Pain (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper reviews issues relating to seats including design for comfort and restraint, mechanics of discomfort and irritability, older occupants, and low-back pain. It focuses on the interface between seating technology and occupant comfort, and involves a technical review of medical-engineering information.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The dramatic increase in the number of features currently available on seats outreaches the technical understanding of occupant accommodation and ride comfort. Thus, the current understanding of seat design parameters may not adequately encompass occupant needs.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The review has found many pathways between seating features and riding comfort, each of which requires more specific information on the biomechanics of discomfort by pressure distribution, body support, ride vibration, material breathability, and other factors. These inputs stimulate mechanisms of discomfort that need to be quantified in terms of mechanical requirements for seat design and function. New seat requirements need to be based on biomedical science and should include the needs of customers.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Older occupants are a growing market segment, and new seating criteria may be necessary to accommodate the size, shape, and needs of older occupants. The criteria should address those people with low-back pain and other disabilities that are a consequence of the aging process.&lt;/div&gt;
Measurements of Lateral Ion Transport in LCD Cells (2004)

The ions present in liquid crystal devices modulate the applied electric field and lead to deterioration of the expected good optical response. In addition to the flicker and ghost images, a boundary image-retention effect is also possible. It occurs near the edges of a stressed pixel. We have attributed this effect to ions moving in the plane perpendicular to the applied electric field. This hypothesis has been proven using a combination of electrical and optical measurements. The observed optical non-homogeneity and its evolution with stress time were explained using the new model of lateral ion transport. The physical cause of this phenomenon is subject to further study.
Engineering Human Acellular Vessels for Dialysis Access and Vascular Repair (2018)

Lawson, Jeffrey H. MD, FACS; Dahl, Shannon L. PhD; Gage, Shawn M. PA-C; Pilgrim, Alison J. BM, DPhil; Prichard, Heather L. PhD; Tente, William E. MS; Niklason, Laura E. MD, PhD Author Information
Regulatory T Cell Selective IL-2-Fc Fusion Proteins for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases (2018)

Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized as CD4 positive cells, expressing CD25 (IL-2Rα) and the forkhead transcription factor FoxP3 maintain immune tolerance in tissues by suppressing the function of both CD4 and CD8 effector T cells. It is well documented that there is a paucity and/or dysfunction of Tregs in most autoimmune diseases and therefore a promising therapeutic approach has been to restore their numbers and function. Treg homeostasis depends on IL-2 derived signals and Tregs are sensitive to IL-2 stimulation in part due to the high abundance of CD25. As a result, encouraging results have been seen in patients with autoimmune diseases who were treated with low doses of IL-2. Single or repeat low doses of IL-2 led to selective expansion of Tregs over effector cells and provided clinical benefit. Such IL-2 based therapies can be further improved by enhancing the selectivity of IL-2 for Tregs and improving the pharmacokinetics of the drug. Here we have developed an IL-2-Fc fusion protein that selectively acts on Tregs in vitro and in vivo. IL-2 mediated signal transduction occurs through the formation of a high affinity tetrameric complex consisting of IL-2, CD25, CD122(IL-2Rβ) and CD132(IL-2Rγ). IL-2-Fc fusion proteins were designed to be monomeric by fusing variant IL-2 molecules to one side of our heterodimeric Fc-region. To achieve Treg selectivity, we designed variants of IL-2 that have weakened interaction with CD122 and/or enhanced interaction with CD25 such that signaling is only observed in CD25 high cells. These IL-2-Fc variants were produced with good yield and purity. We identified novel variants that selectively led to phosphorylation of STAT5 transcription factor in Tregs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These Treg-selective IL-2-Fc variants stimulated Tregs with varying potencies. Further, they selectively enhanced and sustained the proliferation of Tregs in vivo in non-human primates. These promising preclinical results suggest that clinical development of Treg selective IL-2-Fc fusion proteins for autoimmune diseases is warranted. Disclosures Varma: Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Liu:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Avery:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Rashid:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Schubbert:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Leung:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bonzon:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bogaert:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Desjarlais:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership. Bernett:Xencor: Employment, Equity Ownership.
Relationships between Lipid-Related Metabolites and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Vary with Complement Genotype (2022)

Lipid-related metabolites exhibit opposite directions of effects on AMD according to CS genotypes. This indicates that lipid metabolism and CS may have synergistic interplay in the AMD pathogenesis.
Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas (2010)

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