gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renormalization-group analysis of Lifshitz tricritical behavior (1987)

A renormalization-group analysis of critical behavior near a Lifshitz tricritical point (LTP) is presented, with emphasis on the role played by new, momentum-dependent quartic terms. These result in new stable fixed points which determine the critical behavior. For some values of n (the number of order-parameter components) and m (the dimensionality of the ``soft'' subspace, characterized by quartic momentum-dependent inverse correlation functions), the renormalization-group recursion relations have two stable and accessible fixed points. However, one of these can never be reached in practice, due to a thermodynamic instability which results in a first-order phase transition. For m=d-1, one of the fixed points describes the critical dynamics of the usual n-vector spin model in (d-1) dimensions. This dynamic fixed point also characterizes LTP behavior for large n and n=1. In all other cases, the LTP has new exponents, which are not related to the dynamic model. Our results may be relevant to Lifshitz tricritical behavior in ${\mathrm{RbCaF}}_{3}$ and in some liquid-crystal systems.
Wavelength tunable Yb3+-doped fiber laser based on an all-fiber geometry with fiber Bragg grating arrays (2014)

We present a method to tune the emission wavelength of pulsed fiber lasers using stepchirped fiber Bragg grating arrays as filters. First experimental results demonstrate excellent spectral characteristics and a tuning range of 18 nm.
Synthesis of Tricyclic Arylspiro Compounds as Potential Antileulemic and Anticonvulsant Agents (1979)

Spiroaziridines, carboxanilides and spirosuccinimides were prepared as part of a study concerned with the relationships between chemical structure and biological activity.Several recently reported ~p i r o f l ~o r e n e s ~' ~ have been found to exhibit antileukemic activity in
Hybrid polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity and polynucleotides encoding same (2023)

The present invention relates to hybrid polypeptides having cellobiohydrolase activity. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the hybrid polypeptides; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and processes of using the hybrid polypeptides.
Tailoring Extremely Narrow FWHM in Hypsochromic and Bathochromic Shift of Polycyclo‐Heteraborin MR‐TADF Materials for High‐Performance OLEDs (2023)

Developing double boron-based emitters with extremely narrow band spectrum and high efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is crucial and challenging. Herein, we report two materials, NO-DBMR and Cz-DBMR, hinge on polycyclic heteraborin skeletons based on role-play of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. The NO-DBMR contains an oxygen atom, whereas the Cz-DBMR has a carbazole core in the double boron-embedded ν-DABNA structure. The synthesized materials resulted in an unsymmetrical pattern for NO-DBMR and surprisingly a symmetrical pattern for Cz-DBMR. Consequently, both materials showed extremely narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 14 nm in hypsochromic (pure blue) and bathochromic (Bluish green) shifted emission without losing their high color fidelity. Furthermore, both materials show high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of over 82 %, and an extremely small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE<sub>ST</sub> ) of 0.04 eV, resulting in high reverse intersystem crossing process (k<sub>RISC</sub> ) of 10<sup>5</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> . Due to the efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics, the fabricated OLEDs based on these heteraborins manifested maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE<sub>max</sub> ) of 33.7 and 29.8 % for NO-DBMR and Cz-DBMR, respectively. This is the first work reported with this type of strategy for achieving an extremely narrow emission spectrum in hypsochromic and bathochromic shifted emissions with a similar molecular skeleton.
Changes in optical blood flow and oxygenation of head and neck tumors during chemo-radiation therapy (2006)

Relative blood flow (rBF), blood oxygen saturation (SO2) and total hemoglobin concentrations (THC) in superficial neck tumor nodes of 7 patients were measured before and during chemo-radiation therapy period. These preliminary results suggest daily based therapy monitoring during the first two weeks and optical methods have potential advantages for therapeutics.
Preparation of High-Flux Nanoporous Solvent Resistant Polyacrylonitrile Membrane with Potential Fractionation of Dyes and Na2SO4 (2017)

In this study, a high-flux organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membrane with the permeance of 66.7 Lm–2 h–1 bar–1 in methanol and 38.0 Lm–2 h–1 bar–1 in ethanol was successfully prepared from nanoporous PAN by phase inversion and hydrolyzation in sodium hydroxide solution. The polymer concentration and hydrolysis time were varied to control the final morphology and performance. The ternary phase diagram and viscosity measurements were used to describe precipitation thermodynamics and kinetics of the phase inversion process. The prepared membranes had a typical asymmetric structure, which could be observed from images of the cross section, comprising a dense skin layer and a porous substructure in the sublayer. It was found that the polymer concentration has an apparent influence on the morphology, selectivity and permeability of the prepared membranes. FTIR analysis, ζ-potential and water contact angle measurements confirm a molecular chain rearrangement as hydrogen bonds were formed between CONH2 and COOH groups during the carboxyl modification process. Moreover, an increase of the surface hydrophilicity was obtained by hydrolysis. A good solvent resistance and a satisfactory separation performance in the nanofiltration range were achieved with hydrolyzed PAN membranes in polar as well as nonpolar solvents. The relationship between solvent permeation and combined solvent properties (viscosity, molar diameter and solubility parameter) indicated a strong interaction of selected solvents with polymers except alkanes. The hydrolyzed PAN membrane was applied to fractionation of dyes and Na2SO4 solution compared to commercial NF membrane. The high dye rejection and salt permeance remained constant with the salt addition for high flux hydrolyzed PAN showing the fractionation potential for dyes and divalent salts, and establishing the strong advantage over commercial NF membranes.
Energy-Efficient Design of MIMO Heterogeneous Networks with Wireless Backhaul (2016)

As future networks aim to meet the ever-increasing requirements of high-data rate applications, dense, and heterogeneous networks (HetNets) will be deployed to provide better coverage and throughput. Besides the important implications for energy consumption, the trend toward densification calls for more and more wireless links to forward a massive backhaul traffic into the core network. It is critically important to take into account the presence of a wireless backhaul for the energy-efficient design of HetNets. In this paper, we provide a general framework to analyze the energy efficiency of a two-tier MIMO heterogeneous network with wireless backhaul in the presence of both uplink and downlink transmissions. We find that under spatial multiplexing the energy efficiency of a HetNet is sensitive to the network load, and it should be taken into account when controlling the number of users served by each base station. We show that a two-tier HetNet with wireless backhaul can be significantly more energy efficient than a one-tier cellular network. However, this requires the bandwidth division between radio access links and wireless backhaul to be optimally designed according to the load conditions.
Quantitatively Enhanced Reliability and Uniformity of High-κ Dielectrics on Graphene Enabled by Self-Assembled Seeding Layers (2013)

The full potential of graphene in integrated circuits can only be realized with a reliable ultrathin high-κ top-gate dielectric. Here, we report the first statistical analysis of the breakdown characteristics of dielectrics on graphene, which allows the simultaneous optimization of gate capacitance and the key parameters that describe large-area uniformity and dielectric strength. In particular, vertically heterogeneous and laterally homogeneous Al2O3 and HfO2 stacks grown via atomic-layer deposition and seeded by a molecularly thin perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride organic monolayer exhibit high uniformities (Weibull shape parameter β > 25) and large breakdown strengths (Weibull scale parameter, E(BD) > 7 MV/cm) that are comparable to control dielectrics grown on Si substrates.
γ-Agostic interactions stabilize the propagating species in the vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene (2009)

Cationic [(tmeda)Pd(OEt(2))(Me)][B(Ar(F))(4)] was synthesized by protonation of (tmeda)PdMe(2) and allowed for the first time the nature of the propagating species in the vinyl addition polymerization of norbornene to be discerned. In this system gamma-agostic interactions stabilize the propagating species and permit stepwise monomer insertions to be observed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. This and earlier studies provide a new proposal for the propagating species in ligand-less late transition metal-catalyzed norbornene polymerizations.
Three-dimensional nanojunction device models for photovoltaics (2011)

A model is developed to describe the behavior of three-dimensionally nanostructured photovoltaic devices, distinguishing between isolated radial pn junctions and interdigitated pn junctions. We examine two specific interdigitated architectures, the point-contact nanojunction and the extended nanojunction, which are most relevant to experimental devices reported to date but have yet to be distinguished in the field. The model is also applied to polycrystalline CdTe devices with inverted grain boundaries. We demonstrate that for CdTe/CdS solar cells using low-quality materials, the efficiency of the extended nanojunction geometry is superior to other designs considered.
PSF estimation using sharp edge prediction (2008)

Image blur is caused by a number of factors such as motion, defocus, capturing light over the non-zero area of the aperture and pixel, the presence of anti-aliasing filters on a camera sensor, and limited sensor resolution. We present an algorithm that estimates non-parametric, spatially-varying blur functions (i.e., point-spread functions or PSFs) at subpixel resolution from a single image. Our method handles blur due to defocus, slight camera motion, and inherent aspects of the imaging system. Our algorithm can be used to measure blur due to limited sensor resolution by estimating a sub-pixel, super-resolved PSF even for in-focus images. It operates by predicting a ldquosharprdquo version of a blurry input image and uses the two images to solve for a PSF. We handle the cases where the scene content is unknown and also where a known printed calibration target is placed in the scene. Our method is completely automatic, fast, and produces accurate results.
Experimental Stress Characterization and Numerical Simulation for Copper Pumping Analysis of Through-Silicon Vias (2016)

In this paper, a 3-D thermomechanical model of through-silicon vias (TSVs) has been analyzed and verified with in situ microscale strain measurements by synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction. Thereafter, a comprehensive stress/strain analysis on copper pumping and back-end-of-line (BEOL) cracking issues has been carried out. In addition, a design-of-experiments-based approach has been used to understand the effect of various parameters on copper pumping and BEOL stress. The results show that the smaller TSV diameter and thinner silicon die help reduce the copper pumping and thus mitigate BEOL stress.
300mm size ultra-thin glass interposer technology and high-Q embedded helical inductor (EHI) for mobile application (2013)

The first publication on fabrication of a 300 mm size, 50 μm ultra-thin glass interposer is presented. According to measured data and modeling analysis, merits of on-glass inductors and transmission lines outperform those of on-silicon in Q-factor, power dissipation, and power/signal integrity. Glass interposer is a promising building block technology for future hybrid mixed signal heterogeneous chip integration solution.
<title>Case study of a dynamically reconfigurable architecture implementing a watershed segmentation</title> (2002)

In this paper an implementation of a watershed algorithm on dynamically reconfigurable architecture is proposed. The hardware architecture dedicated to this algorithm consists of implementing the following transforms: labeled maker image processing, numerical rebuilding, geodesic distance function, and markers propagation. We show that the fast reprogrammability of the FPGA allows the sequential execution of these different stages, which compute watershed segmentation on a low cost hardware architecture.
Design-manufacturing interface for 0.13 micron and below (2000)

Over the years, the increase in IC functionality has been achieved by a continuous drive towards smaller feature sizes. Due to the decreasing dimensions of semiconductor structures, the sensitivity to critical design and manufacturing parameters has risen dramatically. Vertical integration techniques and multi-level interconnect, which are becoming more common in modern technologies, have driven up the number of critical processing steps to several hundreds. These trends are expected to continue for the next several decades. The .13 micron technology is around the corner, as well as 300mm wafers. The increase in IC functionality has come with a skyrocketing capital spending (more than $2 billion per fabrication facility). Moreover, the product life cycles for leading edge IC's have become very short (less than 2 years).
A Generic Model for MIMO Wireless Propagation Channels in Macro- and Microcells (2004)

This paper derives a generic model for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel. The model incorporates important effects, including i) interdependency of directions-of-arrival and directions-of-departure, ii) large delay and angle dispersion by propagation via far clusters, and iii) rank reduction of the transfer function matrix. We propose a geometry-based model that includes the propagation effects that are critical for MIMO performance: i) single scattering around the BS and MS, ii) scattering by far clusters, iii) double-scattering, iv) waveguiding, and v) diffraction by roof edges. The required parameters for the complete definition of the model are enumerated, and typical parameter values in macro and microcellular environments are discussed.
Antifibrotic effects of an sGC activator in rat models of liver fibrosis (2005)

Background Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are late complications common to liver diseases of different etiology such as viral hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. Irrespective of the initial cause of liver disease, activation of hepatic stellate cells is a crucial step in the fibrotic pathomechanism. Activated hepatic stellate cells produce excess collagen as well as profibrotic cytokines and change to a contractile phenotype which reduces the diameter of the hepatic sinusoids. Activation of hepatic stellate cells is reduced by an increase in intracellular cyclic guanosine monophoshate (cGMP). Stable cGMP analogues also reduce the contractile response of hepatic stellate cells. However, cGMP production is downregulated in the cirrhotic liver due to reduced activity of the endothelial NO synthase. The recently discovered activators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) increase cGMP production independently of NO. We therefore investigated the effects of an sGC activator in two classical rat models of liver fibrosis, the pig serum model and the carbon tetrachloride model.
Increasing oil recovery by utilization of AICV: a 3D multiphase simulation study of a heavy oil reservoir with an underlying water aquifer (2014)

Oil companies are focusing on the development of new technology to improve the recovery of oil in horizontal wells. Increasing oil recovery represents great financial gains which is important when production facilities are situated in costly locations where access is highly limited, such as offshore environments. One of the main challenges for oil production is when much of the oil in the reservoir has been produced; a breakthrough of either gas, water or both may occur. Breakthroughs lead to increased costs relating to the separation of fluids and operational costs in general. It may also result in the early shut down of the oil field, even though oil is still present. To reduce these problems, Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) is being heavily researched. The Norwegian company InflowControl has patented a new valve named the Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV), which has a promising potential to increase oil recovery factors. Traditional ICDs will only delay the time of breakthrough, while the newly developed AICV will also close the valves, which are producing unwanted fluids. As stated by its name, it works autonomously which means that is it not controlled by any electric or hydraulic form of communication. Using ANSYS FLUENT 13.0, a horizontal well with four AICVs in a reservoir with an underlying aquifer was simulated in 3D. Special attention was given to production rates, breakthrough time and water migration within the reservoir and well. Different pressure resistance was set for each of the four valves to induce a realistic heel-toe effect, which appears by the varying production rates along the well ranging from 20-28 m/d. The accumulated oil production when the last
Keynote Speaker: Fractured Reservoirs Modeling with Pressure Transient Test Interpretation (2013)

Naturally fractured reservoirs consist of fractures in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks (matrix). Faults in many naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs often have high-permeability zones and are connected to numerous fractures with varying conductivities. In many naturally fractured reservoirs, faults and fractures can be discrete (rather than a connected network dual-porosity system). To accurately model pressure transient behavior of fractured reservoirs is important to gas and oil reservoirs. There are six important factors that dominate the pressure transient test flow regime behavior of fractured reservoirs those are fractures: 1) intersect the wellbore parallel to its axis; 2) intersect the wellbore with dipping angles from 0 to less than 90º; 3) are in the vicinity of the wellbore; 4) have extremely high- or low-fracture and fault conductivities; 5) have various lengths and distributions; and 6) have high and low matrix block permeabilities. All flow regimes associated with these factors will be demonstrated for continuously and discretely fractured reservoirs by using semi-analytical solutions. We employ principal component analysis to explore the model parameterization as pre-screening steps. Global sensitivity analysis methodology is employed to determine how the uncertainty of each parameter influences the uncertainty in the output from the reservoir model.
An interferon signature is associated with HAM/TSP but not viral containment in HTLV-1 infection (2011)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Learning Topology from Synthetic Data for Unsupervised Depth Completion (2021)

We present a method for inferring dense depth maps from images and sparse depth measurements by leveraging synthetic data to learn the association of sparse point clouds with dense natural shapes, and using the image as evidence to validate the predicted depth map. Our learned prior for natural shapes uses only sparse depth as input, not images, so the method is not affected by the covariate shift when attempting to transfer learned models from synthetic data to real ones. This allows us to use abundant synthetic data with ground truth to learn the most difficult component of the reconstruction process, which is topology estimation, and use the image to refine the prediction based on photometric evidence. Our approach uses fewer parameters than previous methods, yet, achieves the state of the art on both indoor and outdoor benchmark datasets. Code available at: https://github.com/alexklwong/learning-topology-synthetic-data.
Applications of Evolving Intelligent Systems to Oil and Gas Industry (2010)

The oil and gas (OG) industry has a variety of characteristics that make it suitable for application of evolving intelligent systems (EISs). An oil refinery usually produces a very high number of products, which ranges from light hydrocarbons to heavy fuels. The balance between specifications and product components gives the degrees of freedom and emphasizes the need for online monitoring of the quality of the products. In this chapter, an overall analysis and overview of all the opportunities is given and a more detailed study of the special case of the evolving intelligent sensors (eSensor) for oil refining product-quality monitoring is presented. The approach for online input selection has also been demonstrated to provide an automatic selection of a small subset of important input variables. The proposed eSensor is just one possible implementation of EIS techniques to the OG industry, which provides an automatic, low-maintenance, high-performance technical solution. Controlled Vocabulary Terms intelligent manufacturing systems; intelligent sensors; oil refining
Fatigue suppression of ferroelectric Pb1−xBax(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 thin films prepared by sol-gel method (2007)

The polarization fatigue behavior of ferroelectric Pb1−xBax(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PBZT) thin films deposited on Pt-coated silicon wafers by sol-gel method is investigated. The fatigue endurance is significantly enhanced upon Ba doping and almost fatigue-free performance up to 1010 switching cycles for PBZT (x=0.1) thin films are observed at room temperature. It is revealed that Ba doping up to x=0.1 results in a 70% decrease of oxygen vacancies in the films. The improved fatigue endurance is attributed to the enhanced oxygen ion stability and suppressed oxygen vacancies.
Single Breath-Holding Scans of the Abdomen Using FISP and FLASH at 1.5 T (1988)

Single breath-holding gradient echo techniques fast imaging with steady-state free precession (FISP) and fast low angle shot (FLASH) images were evaluated in the study of the abdomen in 16 patients (13 liver, two kidney, and one pancreas examinations). Gradient echo images were compared retrospectively with conventional spin echo images for image quality (depiction of pathology and representation of anatomic detail), and contrast characteristics were evaluated. All lesions were shown on gradient echo images, and in three of 16 cases gradient echo images were more diagnostic than spin echo images. On both FISP and FLASH images, most hepatic metastases were hyperintense relative to normal liver. The predicted flip angles for maximal contrast for the liver were modeled from signal intensity equations for FISP and FLASH and yielded predicted flip angles of approximately 40-55 degrees for FISP and 15-25 degrees for FLASH. Peak signal-to-noise ratio in liver of normal volunteers occurred at approximately 30 degrees for both FISP and FLASH. Single breath-holding gradient echo images are useful in the evaluation of abdominal structures and this study provides a framework for future work.