gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shiga Toxin (Stx) Phage-Encoded Lytic Genes Are Not Required for the Mouse Virulence of O157:H7 Escherichia coli Stx2-Producing Clinical Isolates (2023)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major cause of foodborne diarrheal illness in the United States and globally, and serotype O157:H7 is frequently associated with STEC outbreaks and sporadic cases in the United States. Severe systemic diseases associated with STEC are mediated by Stx types, particularly subtype Stx2a, encoded on inducible bacteriophages. We previously identified two STEC O157:H7 clinical isolates, JH2010 and JH2012, that exhibit a large difference in virulence in a streptomycin (Str)-treated mouse model. In this study, we aimed to identify a genetic basis for the difference in virulence between those strains. Comparison of the <i>stx</i><sub>2a</sub> phage sequences showed that JH2012 lacks the lytic genes <i>S</i> and <i>R</i> on the phage genome. We also demonstrated that compared to JH2012 cultures, cultures of JH2010 released more Stx2 into the supernatant and were more sensitive to bacterial lysis during growth with ciprofloxacin (Cip), an inducer of <i>stx</i> phages. We therefore generated an <i>stx</i><sub>2a</sub> phage <i>SR</i> deletion mutant strain of JH2010 to determine if those genes were responsible for the high virulence of that strain. We found that deletion of the <i>SR</i> genes from the stx2a phage in JH2010, and another O157:H7 strain, JH2016, resulted in increased cellular retention of Stx2, but there was no difference in virulence compared to the wild-type strains. Our results indicate that the <i>stx</i><sub>2a</sub> phage <i>SR</i> genes are involved in Stx2 localization and phage-mediated cell lysis <i>in vitro</i> but that they are not required in wild-type STEC strains for virulence in a mouse model. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The release of Stx from STEC has been thought to be tied to phage-mediated lysis of the host bacterial cell. In this study, we found that the <i>stx</i><sub>2a</sub> phage lytic genes are not required for the virulence of pathogenic O157:H7 clinical isolates in a murine model of STEC infection or for release of Stx2a into the supernatant of bacterial cultures. These results point to an alternate mechanism for Stx2a release from STEC strains.
Polyanhydride Microspheres As Drug Delivery Systems (2020)

This chapter addresses the formulation issues with respect to microspheres and discusses the possibility of obtaining surface eroding microspheres with polyanhydrides. The various microencapsulation processes which were developed and employed were designed to address all the physical properties in such a way as to enable microspheres to be produced given nearly any polymer property and monomer composition. The microspheres are spherical in shape and contain some pores on the surface; a cross-sectional view of the microsphere reveals a very porous internal structure which is typical of this particular process. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray analysis of the polymers, dyes, and drug loaded microspheres were performed in order to characterize the physical state of the polymers and dyes after microencapsulation. The chapter shows that by appropriate choice of polymer backbone and microencapsulation techniques, delivery systems with desired characteristics can be achieved.
Quantum Nonreciprocity of Nanoscale Antenna Arrays in Timed Dicke States (2013)

We predict a linear nonreciprocal effect that is based on the timed Dicke states in an ensemble of dipole-dipole coupled oscillators. This effect is examined on a nanoscale antenna array comprising two-level identical emitters. The studied nonreciprocity, which has no analogs in classical antennas, manifests itself in strong characteristic asymmetry of the radiation pattern, even for a single-photon laser pumping. Promising applications of our results for remotely tunable nanoantennas and nanocircuit elements are discussed.
SOMA (2005)

Arbitrary memory dependencies and variable latency memory systems are major obstacles to the synthesis of large-scale ASIC systems in high-level synthesis. This paper presents SOMA, a synthesis framework for constructing Memory Access Network (MAN) architectures that inherently enforce memory consistency in the presence of dynamic memory access dependencies. A fundamental bottleneck in any such network is arbitrating between concurrent accesses to a shared memory resource. To alleviate this bottleneck, SOMA uses an application-specific concurrency analysis technique to predict the dynamic memory parallelism profile of the application. This is then used to customize the MAN architecture. Depending on the parallelism profile, the MAN may be optimized for latency, throughput or both. The optimized MAN is automatically synthesized into gate-level structural Verilog using a flexible library of network building blocks. SOMA has been successfully integrated into an automated C-to-hardware synthesis flow, which generates standard cell circuits from unrestricted ANSI-C programs. Post-layout experiments demonstrate that application specific MAN construction significantly improves power and performance.
The importance of static phase-aligned, high spatial frequency components for continuous flash suppression (2010)

Purpose: A strong interocular suppression occur when counter-rich patterns continuously flash to one eye [Tsuchiya N., & Koch, C. (2005) Nature Neuroscience, 8 (8), 1096–1101]. This is called the continuous flash suppression. Here, we examined which aspects of these patterns are important for the continuous flash suppression. Methods: Observers viewed dichoptic images through a mirror stereo scope. Gabor patterns were presented as targets to one eye. Spatially filtered fractal noise patterns or checker board patterns were presented to the other eye with a flickering rate of 0 (no flicker) or 10 Hz. We measured contrast discrimination thresholds for targets across a range of monocular pedestal contrasts, with and without the dichoptic stimuli. Results and Discussion: Flicker by itself was not very effective in dichoptic suppression, neither were the low spatial frequency components of our fractal noise. The high spatial frequency components contributed the major suppressive effect even though its lowest component was at least 2 octaves from the signal frequency. To test for the importance of phase alignments at high frequencies we compared phase-aligned and phase-scrambled high-pass checkerboards and show the former to be more effective. These results suggest that phase alignment of the high spatial frequency components is critical for the continuous flash suppression. This research is funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP 53346 to RFH).
Comparison of Low Complexity Coherent Receivers for UDWDM-PONs ($\lambda$-to-the-User) (2018)

It is predicted that demand in future optical access networks will reach multigigabit/s per user. However, the limited performance of the direct detection receiver technology currently used in the optical network units at the customers' premises restricts data rates per user. Therefore, the concept of coherent-enabled access networks has attracted attention in recent years, as this technology offers high receiver sensitivity, inherent frequency selectivity, and linear field detection enabling the full compensation of linear channel impairments. However, the complexity of conventional (dual-polarization digital) coherent receivers has so far prevented their introduction into access networks. Thus, to exploit the benefits of coherent technology in access networks, low complexity coherent receivers, suitable for implementation in ONUs, are needed. In this paper, the recently proposed low complexity coherent (i.e., polarization-independent Alamouti-coding heterodyne) receiver is, for the first time, compared in terms of its minimum receiver sensitivity with five previously reported receiver designs, including a detailed discussion on their advantages and limitations. It is shown that, of all the configurations considered, the Alamouti-coding based receiver approach allows the lowest number of photons per bit (PPB) transmitted (with a lower bound of 15.5 PPB in an ideal implementation of the system), while requiring the lowest optical receiver hardware complexity (in terms of the optical component count). It also exhibits comparable complexity to the currently deployed direct-detection receivers, which typically require over 1000 PPB. Finally, a comparison of experimentally achieved receiver sensitivities and transmission distances using these receivers is presented. The highest spectral efficiency and longest transmission distance at the highest bit rate (10 Gb/s) was reported using the Alamouti-coding receiver, which is also the only one, to date, to have been demonstrated in a full system bidirectional transmission.
Characterization of EDP-305, a Highly Potent and Selective Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist, for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (2019)

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, is the main cause of chronic liver disease in the Western world. There are currently no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatments. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic and chronic liver diseases. EDP-305 is an FXR agonist currently in phase 2 clinical trials for Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and NASH. Here, we demonstrate that EDP-305 is a selective and potent FXR agonist that regulates multiple pathways relevant to NASH progression. EDP-305 exhibits anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory gene signatures in human macrophage and stellate cell lines, as well as favorable effects on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes, including enhanced low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol uptake and decreased triglyceride accumulation. The therapeutic potential of EDP-305 was further evaluated in two murine models of NASH: a streptozotocin-high fat diet STAM<sup>TM</sup> model and a dietary induced NASH (DIN) model driven by high fat, cholesterol, and fructose feeding. In both NASH models, EDP-305 significantly decreased hepatocyte ballooning and lowered the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score. EDP-305 also significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia observed in the DIN mouse model. <i>Conclusion:</i> EDP-305 is a potent FXR agonist with a favorable gene expression profile for NASH treatment as evidenced by the hepato-protective and anti-steatotic effects observed <i>in vivo</i>. The preclinical characterization of EDP-305 presented here suggests that it holds promise for the treatment of NASH.
Measurement of Somatosensory Evoked Magnetic Fields Using Adjustable Magnetoresistive Sensor Array (2023)

&lt;p&gt;An adjustable helmet-style magnetoresistive (MR) sensor array, a room-temperature magnetic flux sensor, was developed to demonstrate simultaneous multipoint measurement of the somatosensory evoked magnetic field (SEF). The SEF was measured in three healthy subjects using an array of 30-channel MR sensors placed on the left hemisphere of the head with median nerve stimulation in the right wrist and averaged over 8,000 measurements. An M20 component (maximum amplitude of 725 ± 257 fT, peak latency of 20.5 ± 0.45 ms), considered to originate from the primary somatosensory cortex, was observed at an approximate latency of 20 ms of the magnetic field waveform in all cases. The phase inversion observed around C3 corresponded to the palmar area of the primary somatosensory cortex on the contour map of the magnetic field at the M20 peak. The MR sensor, a relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use magnetic sensor that does not require a zero-field environment, was successfully used for simultaneous multipoint SEF measurements in humans and may be a promising option to realize a reasonable magnetoencephalography application device. &lt;/p&gt;
Passively cooled diode lasers in the cw power range of 120 to 200W (2008)

Improvements of laser diode bar efficiency and mounting technology have boosted output powers of passively cooled diode lasers beyond the 100W cw limit. After an introduction about reliablity statements and reliability assessment, the performance increase by technology improvements is documented in current-step failure discrimination tests. Electro-optical parameters of improved diode lasers are subsequently presented in detail as well as the results of lifetime tests at different powers and in different operation modes - steady-state and repetitive/intermittent ("hard pulse") cw operation.
3D airborne ultrasound vibrometer for the detection of skin surface heterogeneities (2016)

In security applications, several methods are used for detection of hidden objects. Metal detectors and palpation are the most common methods. Non-contact acoustic waves imaging of elastic heterogeneities in superficial body tissues could be an interesting alternative.
Tolerance assignment in linear networks using nonlinear programming (1972)

Tolerance assignment in linear networks on a worstcase basis is treated as a nonlinear programming problem. The sequential unconstrained minimization technique of Fiacco and McCormick is employed as a solution mechanism with network behavior being evaluated by means of a large-change sensitivity model. The solution mechanism also yields worst-case responses at the constraint frequencies. Examples are presented and a comparison is made with the method proposed by Karafin.
Combining panoramic image and 3D audio capture with conventional coverage for immersive and interactive content production (2011)

The media industry is currently being pulled in the often-opposing directions of increased realism (high resolution, stereoscopic, large screen) and personalisation (selection and control of content, availability on many devices). A capture, production and delivery system capable of supporting both these trends is being developed by a consortium of European organisations in the EU-funded FascinatE project. This paper reports on the latest developments and presents results obtained from a test shoot at a UK Premier League football match. These include the use of imagery from broadcast cameras to add detail to key areas of the panoramic scene, and the automated generation of spatial audio to match the selected view. The paper explains how a 3D laser scan of the scene can help register the cameras and microphones into a common reference frame.
Interleukin 38 alleviates aortic valve calcification by inhibition of NLRP3 (2022)

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is common in people over the age of 65. Progressive valvular calcification is a characteristic of CAVD and due to chronic inflammation in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) resulting in CAVD progression. IL-38 is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory cytokine; here, we report lower levels of endogenous IL-38 in AVICs isolated from patients' CAVD valves compared to AVICs from non-CAVD valves. Recombinant IL-38 suppressed spontaneous inflammatory activity and calcium deposition in cultured AVICs. In mice, knockdown of IL-38 enhanced the production of inflammatory mediators in murine AVICs exposed to the proinflammatory stimulant matrilin-2. We also observed that in cultured AVICs matrilin-2 stimulation activated the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome with procaspase-1 cleavage into active caspase-1. The addition of IL-38 to matrilin-2-treated AVICs suppressed caspase-1 activation and reduced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, runt-related transcription factor 2, and alkaline phosphatase. Aged IL-38-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited aortic valve lesions compared to aged wild-type mice fed the same diet. The interleukin-1 receptor 9 (IL-1R9) is the putative receptor mediating the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-38; we observed that IL-1R9-deficient mice exhibited spontaneous aortic valve thickening and greater calcium deposition in AVICs compared to wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that IL-38 suppresses spontaneous and stimulated osteogenic activity in aortic valve via inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1. The findings of this study suggest that IL-38 has therapeutic potential for prevention of CAVD progression.
aDFS: An Almost Depth-First-Search Distributed Graph-Querying System (2021)

International audience
High Power LPP-EUV Source with Long Collector Mirror Lifetime for Semiconductor High Volume Manufacturing (2019)

We have developed Pilot #1 system for HVM EUV lithography. Pilot#1 is up running and it demonstrates HVM capability. We achieved following performances at present; High conversion efficiency 4.5% is realized with Pre-pulse technology. High speed (>90 m/s) & small (20 micron) droplet is realized. High power CO2 laser power level is 20 kW. Output power 250 W in-burst power @50% duty (125 W average) several min. Pilot#1 system achieved potential of 89% availability (2 weeks) at 125 W average power. −0.6%/Gpls with 125 W average was demonstrated during 30 Mpls with mirror test.
Inhibition of Streptococcus pneumoniae adherence to human epithelial cells in vitro by the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (2013)

These findings demonstrate that LGG can inhibit pneumococcal colonization of human epithelial cells in vitro and suggest that probiotics could be used clinically to prevent the establishment of pneumococcal carriage.
Fracture Toughness of Experimental Dental Composites Aged in Ethanol (1995)

Fracture toughness (KIc) is an intrinsic property which may be related to the ability of a restorative material to resist fracture and abrasion. This property may change for a dental composite restorative due to the effects of various oral solvents. The hypothesis to be tested was that aging in ethanol would cause a reduction in the fracture toughness of dental composites, and that the extent of this reduction might be dependent upon certain compositional variables. The fracture toughnesses of three series of experimental composites with various degrees of conversion, filler volume, and percent of silane-treated fillers were compared after the composites were aged for periods of one month and six months in 75% ethanol/water, a solvent which serves as a food-simulating liquid. An unfilled Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin served as the control. All composites, with the exception of one subjected to a post-light-curing heat treatment, experienced a significant reduction (from 30 to 56%) in KIc after being aged in 75% ethanol for six months. A similar reduction in KIc of 58% for the unfilled resin suggested that the reduction for the composites was due to a weakening of the resin matrix, which facilitated crack propagation. A simultaneous reduction in microhardness was also demonstrated. One month of aging in ethanol also produced large reductions in KIc for specimens with insufficient cure and minimal filler volume, suggesting that the properties of the resin matrix predominated for these composites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Broad anti-pathogen potential of DEAD box RNA helicase eIF4A-targeting rocaglates (2023)

Inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A has been proposed as a strategy to fight pathogens. Rocaglates exhibit the highest specificities among eIF4A inhibitors, but their anti-pathogenic potential has not been comprehensively assessed across eukaryotes. In silico analysis of the substitution patterns of six eIF4A1 aa residues critical to rocaglate binding, uncovered 35 variants. Molecular docking of eIF4A:RNA:rocaglate complexes, and in vitro thermal shift assays with select recombinantly expressed eIF4A variants, revealed that sensitivity correlated with low inferred binding energies and high melting temperature shifts. In vitro testing with silvestrol validated predicted resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans and Leishmania amazonensis and predicted sensitivity in Aedes sp., Schistosoma mansoni, Trypanosoma brucei, Plasmodium falciparum, and Toxoplasma gondii. Our analysis further revealed the possibility of targeting important insect, plant, animal, and human pathogens with rocaglates. Finally, our findings might help design novel synthetic rocaglate derivatives or alternative eIF4A inhibitors to fight pathogens.
Age-Related Changes in 1/fNeural Electrophysiological Noise (2015)

Aging is associated with performance decrements across multiple cognitive domains. The neural noise hypothesis, a dominant view of the basis of this decline, posits that aging is accompanied by an increase in spontaneous, noisy baseline neural activity. Here we analyze data from two different groups of human subjects: intracranial electrocorticography from 15 participants over a 38 year age range (15-53 years) and scalp EEG data from healthy younger (20-30 years) and older (60-70 years) adults to test the neural noise hypothesis from a 1/f noise perspective. Many natural phenomena, including electrophysiology, are characterized by 1/f noise. The defining characteristic of 1/f is that the power of the signal frequency content decreases rapidly as a function of the frequency (f) itself. The slope of this decay, the noise exponent (χ), is often <-1 for electrophysiological data and has been shown to approach white noise (defined as χ = 0) with increasing task difficulty. We observed, in both electrophysiological datasets, that aging is associated with a flatter (more noisy) 1/f power spectral density, even at rest, and that visual cortical 1/f noise statistically mediates age-related impairments in visual working memory. These results provide electrophysiological support for the neural noise hypothesis of aging. Significance statement: Understanding the neurobiological origins of age-related cognitive decline is of critical scientific, medical, and public health importance, especially considering the rapid aging of the world's population. We find, in two separate human studies, that 1/f electrophysiological noise increases with aging. In addition, we observe that this age-related 1/f noise statistically mediates age-related working memory decline. These results significantly add to this understanding and contextualize a long-standing problem in cognition by encapsulating age-related cognitive decline within a neurocomputational model of 1/f noise-induced deficits in neural communication.
A study on the discovering ATSC 3.0 services using DNS (2017)

ATSC 3.0 is well designed based on the concept of all-IP to weave broadcast and broadband together. In order to discover the services or contents delivered through the broadband, ATSC 3.0 defines specific signaling, electronic service guide and automatic content recognition specification. In the case of signaling, the detailed discovering information is provided in the service layer signaling with the definition of associated descriptions. Also, the discovering information can be presented in ESG data. Even using the watermark and fingerprint algorithm, the detailed linkage information can be identified through the automatic content recognition which embeds the URL and content identification information inside the content. This paper presents Internet DNS based service discovering method for the automatic identification of service or content location information delivered via broadband after reviewing the above mentioned ways of signaling.