gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Onset of space-charge effects in strong-field photocurrents from nanometric needle tips (2021)

Strong-field photoemission from nanostructures and the associated temporally modulated currents play a key role in the development of ultrafast vacuum optoelectronics. Optical light fields could push their operation bandwidth into the petahertz domain. A critical aspect for their functionality in the context of applications is the role of charge interactions, including space charge effects. Here, we investigated the photoemission and photocurrents from nanometric tungsten needle tips exposed to carrier-envelope phase-controlled few-cycle laser fields. We report a characteristic step-wise increase in the intensity-rescaled cutoff energies of emitted electrons beyond a certain intensity value. By comparison with simulations, we identify this feature as the onset of charge-interaction dominated photoemission dynamics. Our results are anticipated to be relevant also for the strong-field photoemission from other nanostructures, including photoemission from plasmonic nano-bowtie antennas used in carrier-envelope phase-detection and for PHz-scale devices.
Feasibility of using a software‐defined baseband for multiple space per aperture (MSPA) ground operations (2021)

Summary This paper presents the feasibility of performing multiple spacecraft per aperture (MSPA) ground operations by using a low‐cost software‐defined baseband (SDB). The SDB is a Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)‐compliant baseband that employs a personal computer for signal processing and a low‐cost commercial‐off‐the‐shelf RF front end for RF signal sampling. The SDB is customized to offer traditional telemetry, tracking, and command (TT&amp;C) services for near‐Earth missions operating in S band. The study starts by reviewing MSPA methods already studied by space agencies such as NASA and ESA before going to MSPA methods proposed in the latest CCSDS blue book on RF and modulation systems. The feasibility of operating the CCSDS‐proposed multiple uplink carrier MSPA method using the SDB is assessed after evaluating in‐band interference and out‐of‐band emissions from the uplink signals radiated by the low‐cost RF front end employed by the SDB. Furthermore, we present a case study where the SDB is used in MSPA operations on a typical solid‐state amplifier (SSPA) amplifier typically used in near‐Earth missions.
Burkholderia pseudomallei Class A β-Lactamase Mutations That Confer Selective Resistance against Ceftazidime or Clavulanic Acid Inhibition (2003)

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is inherently resistant to a variety of antibiotics including aminoglycosides, macrolides, polymyxins, and beta-lactam antibiotics. Despite resistance to many beta-lactams, ceftazidime and beta-lactamase inhibitor-beta-lactam combinations are commonly used for treatment of melioidosis. Here, we examine the enzyme kinetics of beta-lactamase isolated from mutants resistant to ceftazidime and clavulanic acid inhibition and describe specific mutations within conserved motifs of the beta-lactamase enzyme which account for these resistance patterns. Sequence analysis of regions flanking the B. pseudomallei penA gene revealed a putative regulator gene located downstream of penA. We have cloned and sequenced the penA gene from B. mallei and found it to be identical to penA from B. pseudomallei.
Cut-off rate based transmit optimization for spatial multiplexing on general MIMO channels (2004)

The use of spatial multiplexing (SM) in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems promises a linear (in the minimum of the number of transmit and receive antennas) increase in data rate. In practice, the performance of SM depends critically on a variety of channel conditions, including antenna height and spacing, polarization of antennas, and richness of scattering. Transmit correlation has been shown to be detrimental to the performance of SM, since it leads to the existence of preferred spatial directions. In addition, the presence of an ill-conditioned fixed (possibly line-of-sight) component in the channel can severely degrade performance. We present a simple transmit optimization strategy to mitigate partially the impact of unfavorable channel statistics on the performance of SM. The proposed strategy takes the scalar symbol constellation and the channel statistics into account and relies on simple phase-shifting of the multiplexed symbol streams at the transmitter. The phase shifts are chosen such that the cut-off rate of the effective channel (physical channel in combination with finite constellation and ML decoding) is maximized. We find SNR gains of up to 4 dB over the case when no transmit optimization is employed.
Multi-parameter vital sign database to assist in alarm optimization for general care units (2015)

Continual vital sign assessment on the general care, medical-surgical floor is expected to provide early indication of patient deterioration and increase the effectiveness of rapid response teams. However, there is concern that continual, multi-parameter vital sign monitoring will produce alarm fatigue. The objective of this study was the development of a methodology to help care teams optimize alarm settings. An on-body wireless monitoring system was used to continually assess heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO<sub>2</sub> and noninvasive blood pressure in the general ward of ten hospitals between April 1, 2014 and January 19, 2015. These data, 94,575 h for 3430 patients are contained in a large database, accessible with cloud computing tools. Simulation scenarios assessed the total alarm rate as a function of threshold and annunciation delay (s). The total alarm rate of ten alarms/patient/day predicted from the cloud-hosted database was the same as the total alarm rate for a 10 day evaluation (1550 h for 36 patients) in an independent hospital. Plots of vital sign distributions in the cloud-hosted database were similar to other large databases published by different authors. The cloud-hosted database can be used to run simulations for various alarm thresholds and annunciation delays to predict the total alarm burden experienced by nursing staff. This methodology might, in the future, be used to help reduce alarm fatigue without sacrificing the ability to continually monitor all vital signs.
Inhibitors of Aurora kinases for the treatment of cancer (2005)

Aurora protein kinases are key players in different steps during mitosis and their activity is required for correct cell division. The inhibition of Aurora kinases is regarded as a promising approach for the development of novel anticancer agents. In the last few years several templates for ATP-competitive kinase inhibition have been successfully developed towards the inhibition of Aurora kinases, and the first compounds have recently entered clinical studies. This review summarises the patent literature up until March 2005 and the characteristics of the low molecular weight Aurora inhibitors described so far.
Predicting shrinkage and warpage of fiber‐reinforced composite parts (1994)

Abstract One major problem that arises in the design of plastic parts, especially those that are fiber reinforced, is the change of shape and dimension as a result of shrinkage and warpage. These material inhomogeneities are caused by flowinduced fiber orientation, curing, poor thermal mold lay‐out, and other processing conditions. This paper presents a simulation that predicts shirnkage and warpage of 3‐D compression molded fiber reinforced composite parts. The simulation represents the structure with the 3‐noded shell elements used in mold filling simulations. The calculated results indicate that fiber orientation strongly affect the final properties, which vary with different chage locations, have a significant effect on warpage. Unsymmetric curing, caused by uneven mold temperatures, could lead to a thermal moment that could possibly help reduce warpage.
MilliWear — A Short Range InSAR Approach for Surface Wear Inspection using mm-Wave Radar (2022)

In-situ inspection of surface wear remains a daunting task for the industry. Detection of intermediate progressive dynamics of wear requires repeated examinations which is time-consuming, adding to mill downtime. Runtime inspection inside the mill necessitates the ability to sense through occluded media due to the presence of grinding dust. The primary objective of this work is to assess the feasibility of using short range interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to detect and quantify wear or other tribological phenomena associated with metallic surfaces. A novel variable focusing algorithm has been used to generate SAR images and a unique automated co-registration scheme has been employed in the InSAR processing pipeline. The reconstructed SAR images and the generated interferogram reflect strong overlap with the ground truth of the sample under test with MSE of 0.0611.
Emerging biological functions of ribonuclease 1 and angiogenin (2021)

Pancreatic-type ribonucleases (ptRNases) are a large family of vertebrate-specific secretory endoribonucleases. These enzymes catalyze the degradation of many RNA substrates and thereby mediate a variety of biological functions. Though the homology of ptRNases has informed biochemical characterization and evolutionary analyses, the understanding of their biological roles is incomplete. Here, we review the functions of two ptRNases: RNase 1 and angiogenin. RNase 1, which is an abundant ptRNase with high catalytic activity, has newly discovered roles in inflammation and blood coagulation. Angiogenin, which promotes neovascularization, is now known to play roles in the progression of cancer and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as in the cellular stress response. Ongoing work is illuminating the biology of these and other ptRNases.
Effect of side chain on conformational properties of comb-like polycarboxylate in salt solutions (2019)

To investigate the effect of side-chain structure of comb-like polycarboxylates (PCE) on conformational properties in salt solutions, PCE with polyethyleneoxide (PEO) of different lengths were synthesized using methallyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG, Mw = 1200, 2400, 4000). Adding counter-ions (i.e., Na+, Ca2+) to dilute PCE solutions was found to induce a more complicated conformational changes, since the screening of the electrostatic intramolecular repulsion and the different complexation behaviors of Ca2+ with carboxylic groups. Laser light scattering (LLS) and conductivity measurements were used to investigate the conformations of PCE at various pH values. PCE of a long side chain polymer and the sparse grafting studied herein possesses a more coiled polymer backbone due to the intramolecular steric hindrance, which resulted in a more exposed extent of carboxylic groups on the backbone at the same pH values. Obviously, the solution conformation of PCE strongly impacts the accessible carboxylic groups contribution to complexation of the carboxylic oxygen atoms of PCE with Ca2+. In this way it may provide a new insight to design the polymer dispersants.
The immunomodulatory effect of anti‐Micrococcus luteus antibodies I. Effect on in vitro rabbit T cell functions (1983)

A range of purified rabbit anti-Micrococcus luteus antibodies (anti-MCAb) were tested for their ability to interfere with a variety of in vitro immune responses. Such antibodies strongly inhibited the secondary IgG antibody response to sheep red blood cells without affecting the IgM response or the proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. By exposing lymphocyte populations to anti-MCAb, it was found that such reagents exerted a strong mitogenic effect on rabbit T lymphocytes, provided these cells were derived from antigen-activated lymph nodes. This mitogenic effect was also obtained with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-MCAb and with hybridoma-derived anti-MCAb. Collectively, these data indicate that anti-MCAb inhibit the initiation of IgG synthesis possibly through the expansion of immunoregulatory T cell subsets.
Role of matrix metalloproteases in pulmonary fibrosis (2008)

Lung fibrosis is the final result of a large variety of stimuli including systemic and autoimmune reactions, exposure to organic and inorganic particles, drugs, and radiation. Independent of etiology, the fibrotic response in the lung can be visualized as a dynamic and highly integrated cellular response to persistent injury and may be related to a damage-triggered inflammatory response or to an aberrant epithelial or endothelial reaction. In any case, the key cellular mediator is the myofibroblast, which when activated is the major effector of the lung remodeling. Several matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) have been shown to participate in this pathological process. These enzymes play an essential but complex role in several interrelated processes that take place in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis including extracellular matrix remodeling, basement membrane disruption, epithelial apoptosis, cell migration, and angiogenesis. This review will focus on the role of MMPs in the development of lung fibrosis.
Metamaterial enhanced antenna systems: A review (2018)

Recent advances in the field of metamaterial enhanced antenna systems are reviewed. The addition of metamaterial surfaces or lenses is shown to significantly improve antenna performance over what is achievable with conventional antennas. This includes soft horn antennas with low cross-polarization, short backfire antennas with high aperture efficiency and low cross-polarization, near-zero index metamaterial lenses for directivity enhancement, as well as capacitively loaded electromagnetic bandgap structures for broadband and omnidirectional surface wave suppression.
Gold Nanoparticles (2019)

Abstract Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been the most extensively studied colloidal systems in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology owing to their fascinating physical and chemical properties. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are often inseparable from advances in GNPs. Diversity in the modes of preparation, unique properties, unusual stability in comparison to related materials make GNPs ideal for a vast array of applications in chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. This article gives an overview of the fascinating area of GNPs. The rich history of GNPs is briefly reviewed in the beginning of the article followed by a concise description of various pioneering synthetic strategies and their properties. An overview of novel anisotropic gold nanostructures is described in the subsequent section. Because of the importance of assembled nanostructures in tuning the collective properties of nanomaterials, assemblies of diverse GNPs are briefly described. Furthermore, a few interesting aspects of supported GNPs have also been outlined. Toward the end of the article, we have highlighted important applications of GNPs and have given a special mention of a new category of ultra‐small materials of gold known as atomically precise clusters. The article ends with the new directions of GNPs and outlines the prospects of future applications.
Polymorphic sites within the MCC and APC loci reveal very frequent loss of heterozygosity in human small cell lung cancer. (1992)

Using single-strand conformation polymorphism we have found two polymorphic sites, AAC to AAT at codon 511 (exon 12) and GCT to GCG at codon 708 (exon 15), in the MCC gene. These sites and an RsaI polymorphic site in APC allowed us to study 23 human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 7 non-small cell lung cancer samples for allele loss. Of the 23 SCLC samples, 21 (91%) were informative for one or more of these markers, and we found allele loss in more than 80% (17 of 21). In non-small cell lung cancer samples, 5 of 7 (71%) were informative, and reduction or loss of one allele was found in 2 of 5 (40%). Seven cases were informative for both genes, loss of heterozygosity occurred for both genes in five, one retained heterozygosity for both, and one SCLC had loss of heterozygosity for APC but not for MCC. We conclude that loss of heterozygosity occurs frequently for MCC and APC in lung cancer of all histological types and is very frequent in SCLC. This suggests the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) in the MCC/APC region of 5q21 involved in human lung cancer.
Functional Protein Pathway Activation Mapping of the Progression of Normal Skin to Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2012)

Reverse phase protein microarray analysis was used to identify cell signaling derangements in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) compared with actinic keratosis (AK) and upper inner arm (UIA). We analyzed two independent tissue sets with isolation and enrichment of epithelial cells by laser capture microdissection. Set 1 served as a pilot and a means to identify protein pathway activation alterations that could be further validated in a second independent set. Set 1 was comprised of 4 AK, 13 SCC, and 20 UIA. Set 2 included 15 AK, 9 SCCs, and 20 UIAs. Activation of 51 signaling proteins, known to be involved in tumorigenesis, were assessed for set 1 and showed that the MEK-ERK [mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated (ERK; MEK)] pathway was activated in SCC compared with AK and UIA, and that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mTOR pathways were aberrantly activated in SCC. Unsupervised two-way hierarchical clustering revealed that AK and UIA shared a common signaling network activation architecture while SCC was dramatically different. Statistical analysis found that prosurvival signaling through phosphorylation of ASK and 4EBP1 as well as increased Bax and Bak expression was higher in AK compared with UIA. We expanded pathway network activation mapping in set 2 to 101 key signaling proteins, which corroborated activation of MEK-ERK, EGFR, and mTOR pathways through discovery of a number of upstream and downstream signaling molecules within these pathways to conclude that SCC is indeed a pathway activation-driven disease. Pathway activation mapping of SCC compared with AK revealed several interconnected networks that could be targeted with drug therapy for potential chemoprevention and therapeutic applications.
Motion correction for myocardial T1 mapping using image registration with synthetic image estimation (2012)

Example of improved T1 mapping after motion correction. Left column: T1 maps of original modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence images indicating smearing on the myocardium due to imperfect breath-holding. Right column: Sharp myocardial boundary is recovered after motion correction using proposed technique. These images were from three different patients from the article by Xue et al (pp 1644-1655).
A long-acting formulation of rifabutin is effective for prevention and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2022)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Successful treatment requires strict adherence to drug regimens for prolonged periods of time. Long-acting (LA) delivery systems have the potential to improve adherence. Here, we show the development of LA injectable drug formulations of the anti-TB drug rifabutin made of biodegradable polymers and biocompatible solvents that solidifies after subcutaneous injection. Addition of amphiphilic compounds increases drug solubility, allowing to significantly increase formulation drug load. Solidified implants have organized microstructures that change with formulation composition. Higher drug load results in smaller pore size that alters implant erosion and allows sustained drug release. The translational relevance of these observations in BALB/c mice is demonstrated by (1) delivering high plasma drug concentrations for 16 weeks, (2) preventing acquisition of Mtb infection, and (3) clearing acute Mtb infection from the lung and other tissues.
Thermally and oxidatively stable thermosets derived from preceramic monomers (1997)

Monomers 1,3-bis(4-phenylethynylphenyl)tetramethyldisiloxane and 1,7-bis(4-phenylethynylphenyltetramethyldisiloxyl)-m-carborane were synthesized and compared with bis(4-phenylethynylphenyl)dimethylsilane as potential preceramic precursors. These monomers were heated to free flowing liquids above 100°C and thermally polymerized above 300°C to form heat-resistant thermosets or ceramic residues. The ceramic yields for the silane (13%) and siloxane (30%) were much lower than that for the carborane (64%) monomer. The thermoset and ceramic made from the carborane monomer were the best thermally and oxidatively stable materials. After curing, the thermoset had a weight loss of only 6% and after pyrolysis, the ceramic residue had no additional weight loss up to 1000°C in air. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1033–1038, 1997
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridines. (2012)

Abstract Treatment of aryl or alkyl halides with Landsbury′s reagent (generated from pyridine and LiAlH 4 ) results in an alkylation—reduction sequence which affords the title compounds as suitable intermediates or products of pharmaceutical interest.
Promotional effect of magnesium oxide for a stable nickel-based catalyst in dry reforming of methane (2020)

The generation of synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture) from two global warming gases of carbon dioxide and methane via dry reforming is environmentally crucial and for the chemical industry as well. Herein, magnesium-promoted NiO supported on mesoporous zirconia, 5Ni/xMg-ZrO<sub>2</sub> (x = 0, 3, 5, 7 wt%) were prepared by wet impregnation method and then were tested for syngas production via dry reforming of methane. The reaction temperature at 800 °C was found more catalytically active than that at 700 °C due to the endothermic feature of reaction which promotes efficient CH<sub>4</sub> catalytic decomposition over Ni and Ni-Zr interface as confirmed by CH<sub>4</sub>-TSPR experiment. NiO-MgO solid solution interacted with ZrO<sub>2</sub> support was found crucial and the reason for high CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> conversions. The highest catalyst stability of the 5Ni/3Mg-ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was explained by the ability of CO<sub>2</sub> to partially oxidize the carbon deposit over the surface of the catalyst. A mole ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide near unity (H<sub>2</sub>/CO ~ 1) was obtained over 5Ni/ZrO<sub>2</sub> and 5Ni/5Mg-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, implying the important role of basic sites. Our approach opens doors for designing cheap and stable dry reforming catalysts from two potent greenhouse gases which could be of great interest for many industrial applications, including syngas production and other value-added chemicals.
Solid-State Double Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of the Local Structure of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Wet-Mechanochemical Reaction (2002)

Calcium phosphate synthesized by a wet-mechanochemical reaction between Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 is identified by X-ray diffractometry as an apparently single phase of hydroxyapatite (HAp). We examined more detail on the local structure of the product by high-resolution 1H and 31P solid-state double nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Adsorbed and structural waters, as well as two kinds of OH groups in HAp, were observed in the inversion recovery 1H magic angle spinning (MAS) spectra. HAp and other calcium phosphate were observed in 1H→31P cross polarization (CP)/MAS spectra. The 31P differential cross polarization (DCP)/MAS and 1H inversion recovery → 31P CP/MAS measurements revealed different chemical interactions between 1H and 31P and, hence, could distinguish between ordered and disordered HAp. This micro-inhomogenity results from interiors and near-surface of nanoparticles as well as Ca2+-deficiency.