gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glomus tumor and glomangioma of the nerve (2008)

As a rule, normal human nerve does not contain glomus bodies. Nonetheless, rare examples of glomus tumors do arise in peripheral nerves of various sizes. Their pathobiological characteristics are poorly understood, but reported examples have been small and clinically benign. The authors identified in 1 patient each a glomus tumor and a glomangioma involving nerve. Clinical histories as well as imaging and surgical findings were reviewed. All available H & E-stained slides were examined in both cases. Immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopy, as appropriate, were also performed. The lesions were subtotally and completely resected, respectively. An uneventful postoperative recovery was noted in both patients. Glomus tumors and glomangiomas can involve major nerves on rare occasions. They seem to follow a favorable clinical course, and conservative resection can be of benefit.
Observation of charge-dependent azimuthal correlations and possible local strong parity violation in heavy-ion collisions (2010)

Parity ($\mathcal{P}$)-odd domains, corresponding to nontrivial topological solutions of the QCD vacuum, might be created during relativistic heavy-ion collisions. These domains are predicted to lead to charge separation of quarks along the orbital momentum of the system created in noncentral collisions. To study this effect, we investigate a three-particle mixed-harmonics azimuthal correlator which is a $\mathcal{P}$-even observable, but directly sensitive to the charge-separation effect. We report measurements of this observable using the STAR detector in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ and $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ and 62 GeV. The results are presented as a function of collision centrality, particle separation in rapidity, and particle transverse momentum. A signal consistent with several of the theoretical expectations is detected in all four data sets. We compare our results to the predictions of existing event generators and discuss in detail possible contributions from other effects that are not related to $\mathcal{P}$ violation.
Data from Vitamin E Analogues Inhibit Angiogenesis by Selective Induction of Apoptosis in Proliferating Endothelial Cells: The Role of Oxidative Stress (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;“Mitocans” from the vitamin E group of selective anticancer drugs, α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) and its ether analogue α-TEA, triggered apoptosis in proliferating but not arrested endothelial cells. Angiogenic endothelial cells exposed to the vitamin E analogues, unlike their arrested counterparts, readily accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by interfering with the mitochondrial redox chain and activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The vitamin E analogues inhibited angiogenesis &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; as assessed using the “wound-healing” and “tube-forming” models. Endothelial cells deficient in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were resistant to the vitamin E analogues, both in ROS accumulation and apoptosis induction, maintaining their angiogenic potential. α-TOS inhibited angiogenesis in a mouse cancer model, as documented by ultrasound imaging. We conclude that vitamin E analogues selectively kill angiogenic endothelial cells, suppressing tumor growth, which has intriguing clinical implications. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11906–13]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Process options to enable (sub-)1e-9 Ohm.cm2 contact resistivity on Si devices (2016)

This paper introduces the investigations on ultralow metal/semiconductor contact resistivity (ρc). First, we build a multiring circular transmission line model (MR-CTLM), a novel ρc test structure with simple process and high accuracy for rigorous ρc study. Based on that, we explore process options to achieve ultralow ρc on n-Si. We obtain high carrier concentration of ∼9e20 cm−3 by in situ P doped Si:P epitaxy followed by ms laser annealing. Besides, we use a pre-contact amorphization plus Ti silicidation technique to fabricate TiSix/Si:P contacts and achieve ultralow ρc of 1.5e–9 Ohm.cm2. Finally, we discuss sub-1e-9 Ohm.cm2 ρc solutions for future CMOS technology node.
Changes in quantitative 3D shape features of the optic nerve head associated with age (2013)

Optic nerve head (ONH) structure is an important biological feature of the eye used by clinicians to diagnose and monitor progression of diseases such as glaucoma. ONH structure is commonly examined using stereo fundus imaging or optical coherence tomography. Stereo fundus imaging provides stereo views of the ONH that retain 3D information useful for characterizing structure. In order to quantify 3D ONH structure, we applied a stereo correspondence algorithm to a set of stereo fundus images. Using these quantitative 3D ONH structure measurements, eigen structures were derived using principal component analysis from stereo images of 565 subjects from the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). To evaluate the usefulness of the eigen structures, we explored associations with the demographic variables age, gender, and race. Using regression analysis, the eigen structures were found to have significant (p &lt; 0.05) associations with both age and race after Bonferroni correction. In addition, classifiers were constructed to predict the demographic variables based solely on the eigen structures. These classifiers achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.62 in predicting a binary age variable, 0.52 in predicting gender, and 0.67 in predicting race. The use of objective, quantitative features or eigen structures can reveal hidden relationships between ONH structure and demographics. The use of these features could similarly allow specific aspects of ONH structure to be isolated and associated with the diagnosis of glaucoma, disease progression and outcomes, and genetic factors.
Monoclonal antibody-colony immunoblot method specific for isolation of Pediococcus acidilactici from foods and correlation with pediocin (bacteriocin) production (1992)

BALB/c mice were immunized with broken, heat-killed cells of Pediococcus acidilactici H. After murine cell fusions, one monoclonal antibody (MAb), Ped-2B2, was selected on the basis of its positive reaction with seven of seven strains tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole cells of P. acidilactici. The MAb Ped-2B2 did not show any cross-reactions with other lactic-acid bacteria or other gram-positive or gram-negative organisms. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of surface proteins of P. acidilactici indicated that Ped-2B2 reacted with a protein of 116 kDa. MAb Ped-2B2 was used as a probe to isolate Pediococcus species from fermented-meat products by colony immunoblotting. A total of 18 Ped-2B2-reactive Pediococcus spp. isolates were isolated from eight food samples and assayed for bacteriocin production. All of the isolates produced bacteriocins which were heat stable, proteinaceous, and inhibitory to Lactobacillus plantarum NCDO 955. Biochemical characterization of these isolates indicated that they were all P. acidilactici.
A practical analytic single scattering model for real time rendering (2005)

We consider real-time rendering of scenes in participating media, capturing the effects of light scattering in fog, mist and haze. While a number of sophisticated approaches based on Monte Carlo and finite element simulation have been developed, those methods do not work at interactive rates. The most common real-time methods are essentially simple variants of the OpenGL fog model. While easy to use and specify, that model excludes many important qualitative effects like glows around light sources, the impact of volumetric scattering on the appearance of surfaces such as the diffusing of glossy highlights, and the appearance under complex lighting such as environment maps. In this paper, we present an alternative physically based approach that captures these effects while maintaining real time performance and the ease-of-use of the OpenGL fog model. Our method is based on an explicit analytic integration of the single scattering light transport equations for an isotropic point light source in a homogeneous participating medium. We can implement the model in modern programmable graphics hardware using a few small numerical lookup tables stored as texture maps. Our model can also be easily adapted to generate the appearances of materials with arbitrary BRDFs, environment map lighting, and precomputed radiance transfer methods, in the presence of participating media. Hence, our techniques can be widely used in real-time rendering.
A quantitative approach to identifying threshold concepts in engineering education (2010)

Research by Meyer and Land (2003) introduced the notion of 'Threshold Concepts' - concepts that students initially find troublesome, but which, when understood, transform and integrate ways of thinking about their respective discipline. The identification of threshold concepts in engineering may help guide the design of core courses and the approaches used in teaching mastery components. However, the identification of such concepts has proved rather troublesome in itself, with ongoing debate as to value of the construct in real teaching contexts. This study uses frequent student survey to look for the characteristics which may be indicative of threshold concepts; attention is given to some key first year undergraduate-level engineering concepts. A question-set is developed, and electronic handheld voting devices used to regularly quantify the student self-perception of understanding, which is further compared with a test of actual understanding. In addition, a retrospective survey and interview are used together with chronological record of students' self-perceptions and test results to identify transforming instants. Finally, a favourable set of survey questions is proposed for identifying the defining characteristics of potential threshold concepts. © 2009 M. Holloway, E. Alpay, A. Bull.
Automated and tracer-independent generation of a total-body PET/CT normative database for future holistic patient analysis (2023)

Ziel/Aim We present a fully-automated methodology to demonstrate proof of concept of a voxel-based normative database (NormDB) using total-body PET/CT images. The NormDB shall be used as a reference standard for quantifying voxel-wise deviations of tracer uptake of cancer patients against a normal control cohort.
Silicon microring isolator with large optical isolation and low loss (2016)

For the first time, an ultra-compact integrated isolator without use of permanent magnets is designed and fabricated by bonding Ce:YIG on a silicon microring. Record isolation of 32dB and low 2.3dB excess loss were achieved.
9.1: Invited Paper : Green Technology in LCD (2010)

Abstract Green technologies can be extended not only to the area of energy savings and chemical reduction in manufacturing but also to the area of power efficient devices. In this paper, we describe the status of green technologies in LCD industry in three areas; green factory, green process and green devices, and analyze the trend.
High-resolution whole organ imaging using two-photon tissue cytometry (2007)

Three-dimensional (3-D) tissue imaging offers substantial benefits to a wide range of biomedical investigations from cardiovascular biology, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease to cancer. Two-photon tissue cytometry is a novel technique based on high-speed multiphoton microscopy coupled with automated histological sectioning, which can quantify tissue morphology and physiology throughout entire organs with subcellular resolution. Furthermore, two-photon tissue cytometry offers all the benefits of fluorescence-based approaches including high specificity and sensitivity and appropriateness for molecular imaging of gene and protein expression. We use two-photon tissue cytometry to image an entire mouse heart at subcellular resolution to quantify the 3-D morphology of cardiac microvasculature and myocyte morphology spanning almost five orders of magnitude in length scales.
Patterns of objectively measured physical activity differ between men living with and without HIV (2022)

Physical activity measures differed significantly by HIV serostatus and VL. Higher L6 among PLWH with detectable VL may indicate reduced amount or quality of sleep compared to PLWH without detectable VL and PWOH. Lower M10 among PLWH indicates lower amounts of physical activity compared to PWOH.
A Point Mutation in the Extracellular Domain Activates LET-23, the Caenorhabditis elegans Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Homolog (1996)

The let-23 gene encodes a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) necessary for vulval development. We have characterized a mutation of let-23 that activates the receptor and downstream signal transduction, leading to excess vulval differentiation. This mutation alters a conserved cysteine residue in the extracellular domain and is the first such point mutation in the EGFR subfamily of tyrosine kinases. Mutation of a different cysteine in the same subdomain causes a strong loss-of-function phenotype, suggesting that cysteines in this region are important for function and nonequivalent. Vulval precursor cells can generate either of two subsets of vulval cells (distinct fates) in response to sa62 activity. The fates produced depended on the copy number of the mutation, suggesting that quantitative differences in receptor activity influence the decision between these two fates.
LiFSI and LiDFBOP Dual-Salt Electrolyte Reinforces the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on a Lithium Metal Anode (2020)

Metallic lithium (Li) has great potential as an anode material for high-energy-density batteries due to its high specific capacity. However, the uncontrollable dendritic lithium growth on the metallic lithium surface limits its practical application owing to the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). A tailored SEI composition/structure can mitigate or inhibit the lithium dendrites' growth, thereby enhancing the cyclability of the Li-metal anode. In this work, excellent cycling stability of lithium metal anodes was achieved by utilizing a novel dual-salt electrolyte based on lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI) and lithium difluorobis(oxalato) phosphate (LiDFBOP) in carbonate solvents. By combining surface/microstructural characterization and computations, we reveal that the preferential reduction of LiDFBOP occurs prior to LiFSI and carbonate solvents and its reduction products (Li<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and P-O species) bind to LiF, resulting in a favorable compact and protective SEI on the Li electrodes. It was found that the improved oxidative stability was accompanied by reduced corrosion of the current collector. A Li/Li symmetrical cell with a designed dual-salt electrolyte system exhibits stable polarization voltage over 1000 h of cycle time. In addition, the LiFSI-LiDFBOP advantage of this dual-salt electrolyte system enables the Li/LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cells with significantly enhanced cycling stability. This work demonstrates that constructing a tailored SEI using a dual-salt electrolyte system is vital for improving the interfacial stability of lithium metal batteries.
Marked enhancement of neutralizing antibody and IFN-γ T-cell responses by GX-19N DNA booster in mice primed with inactivated vaccine (2021)

Summary In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented level of vaccine development has occurred. As a result, various COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use. Among these, inactivated virus particle (VP) vaccines have been widely used worldwide, but additional vaccination strategies are needed because of the short duration of immune responses elicited by these vaccines. Here, we evaluated homologous and heterologous prime–boost regimens using a VP vaccine and GX-19N DNA vaccine for their ability to enhance the protective immune response against SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrated that a heterologous prime–boost regimen with the VP vaccine and GX-19N DNA vaccine resulted in enhanced S RBD - &amp; N-specific antibody responses, compared to the homologous VP vaccine prime–boost vaccination. In addition, the neutralizing antibody response was significantly improved with the heterologous VP prime–DNA boost regimen, and the neutralizing antibody induced with the heterologous prime–boost regimen did not decrease against the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC). The heterologous VP prime–DNA boost regimen not only significantly increased S- and N-specific IFN-γ T-cell responses, but also induced an equivalent level of T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Our results provide new insights into prophylactic vaccination strategies for COVID-19 vaccination.
Supp. Figure 1 from LIM Kinase Inhibitor Pyr1 Reduces the Growth and Metastatic Load of Breast Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Analysis of LIMK1 expression in different breast cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Clonal structure, stability and dynamics of human memory B cells and circulating plasmablasts (2022)

Memory B cells persist for a lifetime and rapidly differentiate into antibody-producing plasmablasts and plasma cells upon antigen re-encounter. The clonal relationship and evolution of memory B cells and circulating plasmablasts is not well understood. Using single-cell sequencing combined with isolation of specific antibodies, we found that in two healthy donors, the memory B cell repertoire was dominated by large IgM, IgA and IgG2 clonal families, whereas IgG1 families, including those specific for recall antigens, were of small size. Analysis of multiyear samples demonstrated stability of memory B cell clonal families and revealed that a large fraction of recently generated plasmablasts was derived from long-term memory B cell families and was found recurrently. Collectively, this study provides a systematic description of the structure, stability and dynamics of the human memory B cell pool and suggests that memory B cells may be active at any time point in the generation of plasmablasts.
Indians in England: why did they emigrate? (1989)

The period of highest migration from India to England was 1955-1975. In 1981, the Bradford metropolitan district had about 13,000 Indians. 46% were Punjabis and 43.3% were from Gujarat. Using a 10% sample of Indian households in the Bradford district in 1984 and secondary information, this study examines the impact of the following reasons on decision to migrate: 1) push factors in the area of origin, 2) the 1947 partition of India, 3) strong economic attraction of the destination, and 4) "cultural ethos" and "status competition" among the migrant communities in the areas of emigration. Findings show that 1) Punjab and Gujarat do not have high poverty levels nor very high population densities; 2) the partition of India did not influence migration decisions; 3) the economic well-being of returning migrants and the high conversion rate of English currency did attract migrants to England (39% of surveyed migrants emigrated to England for purely economic reasons); and 4) 60% of the Punjabis and over 50% of the Gujaratis state that local status competition had a significant influence on their decisions to migrate. Thus, the economic attraction of England and the status competition among local families and the community were the dominant factors in migration decision making.
Analysis of a “Split-and-Stuttering” Module of an Assembly Line Polyketide Synthase (2021)

Abstract Notwithstanding the “one-module-one-elongation-cycle” paradigm of assembly line polyketide synthases (PKSs), some PKSs harbor modules that iteratively elongate their substrates through a defined number of cycles. While some insights into module iteration, also referred to as “stuttering”, have been derived through in vivo and in vitro analysis of a few PKS modules, a general understanding of the mechanistic principles underlying module iteration remains elusive. This report serves as the first interrogation of a stuttering module from a trans -AT subfamily PKS that is also naturally split across two polypeptides. Previous work has shown that Module 5 of the NOCAP ( noc ardiosis a ssociated p olyketide) synthase iterates precisely three times in the biosynthesis of its polyketide product, resulting in an all trans -configured triene moiety in the polyketide product. Here we describe the intrinsic catalytic properties of this NOCAP synthase module. Through complementary experiments in vitro and in E. coli , the “split-and-stuttering” module was shown to catalyze up to five elongation cycles, although its dehydratase domain ceased to function after three cycles. Unexpectedly, the central olefinic group of this truncated product had a cis configuration. Our findings set the stage for further in-depth analysis of a structurally and functionally unusual PKS module with contextual biosynthetic plasticity. TOC/Abstract Graphic
Automatic Glaucoma Diagnosis with mRMR-based Feature Selection (2012)

Glaucoma's irreversibility, lacking of glaucoma specialists and patient unawareness demand for an economic and effective glaucoma diagnosis system for screening. In this study we explore feature selection (FS) technologies to identify the most essential parameters for automatic glaucoma diagnosis.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boryl Iodides Catalyze Insertion Reactions of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes and Diazoesters (2017)

Boron-hydrogen bond insertion reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) boranes and diazoesters can be catalyzed by NHC-boryl iodides and produce stable α-NHC-boryl esters. The conditions of the reaction resemble the previous rhodium-catalyzed transformations (only the catalyst is different); however, the mechanisms of the two reactions are probably very different. The new boryl iodide catalyzed method is adept at producing α-substituted-α-NHC-boryl esters, and this has led to a family of NHC-boryl esters with amino acid and amino-acid-like side chains.
3-deoxy-3-[(18)F]fluorothymidine-positron emission tomography for noninvasive assessment of proliferation in pulmonary nodules. (2002)

We investigated whether uptake of the thymidine analogue 3-deoxy-3-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) reflects proliferation in solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Thirty patients with SPNs were prospectively examined with positron emission tomography. Standardized uptake values were calculated for quantification of FLT uptake. Histopathology revealed 22 malignant and 8 benign lesions. Proliferation was evaluated by Ki-67 immunostaining and showed a mean proliferation fraction of 30.9% (range, 1-65%) in malignant SPNs and <5% in benign lesions. Linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between FLT-standardized uptake values and proliferative activity (P < 0.0001; r = 0.87). FLT uptake was specific for malignant lesions and may be used for differential diagnosis of SPNs, assessment of proliferation, and estimation of prognosis.
Time-SEP Comprehensive Assessment of Methods for Calculating Positioning Accuracy of Navigation Systems (2013)

Based on 2 statistical testing schemes, the accuracy evaluation method of Time-SEP was proposed; 3 sphere error probability (SEP) methods were derivate and concluded. Simulation and experimental verification show that: Time-SEP method for navigation equipment positioning accuracy can give a relatively comprehensive evaluation; the scheme is feasible, compatible with the traditional calculation method of parameters and can fully utilize the single test data, test validation simple. 3 algorithms can all be used to calculate SEP, the maximum relative error is less than 5%; the χ2 distribution approximation somewhat conservative is recommended; and MLE values can be used as the initial value of integral operation, to reduce the number of integral operation, access to the true value rapidly.