gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Oxidation of Epinephrine by Silica Nanoparticles (2009)

We have measured the influence of mesoporous silica (MCM-41 and SBA-15) nanoparticles and dense silica nanoparticles on epinephrine oxidation, a pH-dependent reaction, whose rate is small in acidic or neutral solutions but much greater at higher pH. The reaction was measured by monitoring adrenochrome at 480 nm, the product of epinephrine oxidation. In distilled water (dH(2)O) with no particles present, the oxidation of epinephrine occurs slowly but more rapidly at higher pH. The presence of MCM-41 or silica spheres does not accelerate the oxidation, but SBA-15 does, showing that the difference in the structures of nanomaterials leads to differing effects on the epinephrine oxidative process. In phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4), epinephrine undergoes a much quicker oxidation, and, in this case, the presence of SBA-15 and MCM-41 makes it even more rapid. Silica spheres have no noticeable influence on the oxidation in PBS or in dH(2)O. The possibility that the catalytic effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) could result from the residue of templating chemicals, however, can be excluded due to the postsynthesis calcinations. Experiments with dithionite, added either earlier than or at the same time as the epinephrine addition, show that fast oxidation takes place only when dithionite and epinephrine are simultaneously added into PBS solution. This confirms a vital role of oxygen radicals (probably *O(2)(-)) in the oxidation of epinephrine. These oxygen radicals are likely to form and accumulate within the phosphate buffer or in the presence of MSN. Comparing the three kinds of silica nanoparticles applied, we note that mesoporous SBA-15 and MCM-41 materials own much larger surface area than solid silica particles do, whereas MCM-41 possesses a much narrower pore size (0.4-fold) than SBA-15. It seems, therefore, that large surface area, characteristic mesoporosity, and surface structures aid in the deposit of oxygen radicals inside MSN particles, which catalyze the epinephrine oxidation in a favorable phosphate environment.
Large-scale production of Extracellular Vesicles: report on the "massivEVs" ISEV workshop (2022)

Extracellular vesicles large-scale production is a crucial point for the translation of EVs from discovery to application of EV-based products. In October 2021, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), along with support by the FET-OPEN projects, evFOUNDRY and VES4US, organized a workshop entitled “massivEVs” to discuss the potential challenges for translation of EV-based products. This report gives an overview of the topics discussed during “massivEVs”, the most important points raised, and the points of consensus reached after active discussion among academia and industry representatives. Overall, the review of the existing EV manufacturing and upscaling challenges and the directions for their resolution highlighted in the workshop was constructive and painted an optimistic future for the dynamically expanding EV field.
Blue Force Tracking (2013)

Blue force tracking (BFT) is a military technology that provides positional awareness of friendly forces on a digital map through global positioning system (GPS) technology. For dismounted soldiers, having readily available information on the location of friendly forces can be critical for mission success. However, GPS can report positions that are spatially inaccurate. The present study required 36 military participants to lead a team through a simulated mission in a virtual environment. The mission required the participant to find and support friendly forces engaged in a firefight with enemy forces. Participants had a digital map, an unreliable BFT device, or a perfectly reliable BFT device. The results indicated that participants using BFT engaged enemy forces more quickly, used their BFT to gain a wider scope of their environment, and had lower workload. For most measures, there were no significant differences between reliable and unreliable BFT, suggesting that even an unreliable BFT can provide benefits to soldier performance.
Performance optimization and system clock determination for synthesis of DSP cores targeting FPGAs (2002)

In this paper, we present details of an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for synthesis of high performance digital signal processing architectures targeting FPGA implementation. The formulation allows general multi-level chaining of operations in conjunction with multicycle and deeply pipelined function units. This novel ILP formulation simultaneously performs scheduling and binding while minimizing the architecture structural complexity, total execution time (rather than total cycle count), and determining the system clock duration. We demonstrate using high level synthesis benchmarks, that our approach explores larger solution space and obtains more efficient architectures as well as higher performance than previously possible with other synthesis approaches.
Study of surface damage in silicon by irradiation with focused rubidium ions using a cold-atom ion source (2023)

Cold-atom ion sources have been developed and commercialized as alternative sources for focused ion beams (FIBs). So far, applications and related research have not been widely reported. In this paper, a prototype rubidium FIB is used to study the irradiation damage of 8.5 keV beam energy Rb+ ions on silicon to examine the suitability of rubidium for nanomachining applications. Transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy is applied to silicon samples irradiated by different doses of rubidium ions. The experimental results show a duplex damage layer consisting of an outer layer of oxidation without Rb and an inner layer containing Rb mostly at the interface to the underlying Si substrate. The steady-state damage layer is measured to be 23.2(±0.3) nm thick with a rubidium staining level of 7(±1) atomic percentage.
Effect of High Hematocrit and High Blood Flow Rates on Transmembrane Pressure and Ultrafiltration Rate in Hemodialysis (1991)

Removal of prescribed ultrafiltration volumes in hemodialysis requires knowledge of both the ultrafiltration coefficient of the dialyzer and the average transmembrane pressure (TMP) in the dialyzer. While it has been a fairly common practice to assume that the TMP is constant along the length of the dialyzer, it actually decreases linearly from a maximum value at the blood inlet to a minimum value at the blood outlet. In the past, ignoring the difference between arterial and venous TMPs when calculating the dialysate pressure setting did not result in significant errors in ultrafiltration volume. However, with the introduction of erythropoietin therapy and the trend toward high-efficiency dialysis, increases in hematocrit and blood flow rate have led to axial variations in TMP which, if ignored, can lead to inaccurate fluid removal. The goals of this paper are to provide an understanding of how high hematocrits and high blood flow rates affect TMP and ultrafiltration rate, and to provide simple guidelines for ensuring accurate fluid removal. Sample calculations are given on the last page for easy reference.
Targeted insertion of large DNA sequences by homology‐directed repair or non‐homologous end joining in engineered tobacco BY‐2 cells using designed zinc finger nucleases (2019)

Targeted integration of recombinant DNA fragments into plant genomes by DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair mechanisms has become a powerful tool for precision engineering of crops. However, many targeting platforms require the screening of many transgenic events to identify a low number of targeted events among many more random insertion events. We developed an engineered transgene integration platform (ETIP) that uses incomplete marker genes at the insertion site to enable rapid phenotypic screening and recovery of targeted events upon functional reconstitution of the marker genes. The two marker genes, encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II (<i>nptII</i>) and <i>Discosoma sp</i>. red fluorescent protein (<i>DsRed</i>) enable event selection on kanamycin-containing selective medium and subsequent screening for red fluorescent clones. The ETIP design allows targeted integration of donor DNA molecules either by homology-directed repair (HDR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated mechanisms. Targeted donor DNA integration is facilitated by zinc finger nucleases (ZFN). The ETIP cassette was introduced into <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> BY-2 suspension cells to generate target cell lines containing a single copy locus of the transgene construct. The utility of the ETIP platform has been demonstrated by targeting DNA constructs containing up to 25-kb payload. The success rate for clean targeted DNA integration was up to 21% for HDR and up to 41% for NHEJ based on the total number of calli analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The rapid generation of targeted events with large DNA constructs expands the utility of the nuclease-mediated gene addition platform both for academia and the commercial sector.
Phospholipase A2-dependent Release of Inflammatory Cytokines by Superantigen-Stimulated Nasal Polyps of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2015)

This study further supports the key role of secretory PLA2 in the pathophysiology of respiratory disorders and presents secretory PLA2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CRS and airway pathologies in general.
Non-response to a recombinant pre-S2-containing hepatitis B vaccine: association with the HLA-system. (1995)

In this study, the immunogenicity of a recombinant pre-S2 containing hepatitis B vaccine was determined in a cohort of 147 homosexual men. Both seroconversion rate and geometric mean titers indicated that pre-S2 was less immunogenic than HBsAg. Forty-eight subjects, including nine non-responders and seven high-responders to HBsAg, were tested for HLA Class I and II antigens to study a possible association between HLA-type and non-response. Both HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 were clearly overrepresented in non-responders to HBsAg. Non-response to pre-S2, observed in 7/9 non responders and 6/39 responders to HBsAg, was not associated with any of the tested HLA markers.
Cross-Linked Human Serum Albumin Dimer Incorporating Sixteen (Tetraphenylporphinato)iron(II) Derivatives:  Synthesis, Characterization, and O2-Binding Property (1999)

Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) was dimerized by bis(maleimido)hexane through the free thiol at Cys34. The molecular mass of the dimer [(rHSA)2] was determined by native PAGE electrophoresis and MALDI−TOFMS spectrometry. As expected, the colloid osmotic pressure was only half that of the monomeric rHSA solution. Incorporation of (2-[8-{N-(2-methylimidazolyl)}octanoyloxymethyl]-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-pivalamido)phenylporphinato)iron(II)s (FePs) into the hydrophobic cavities of the rHSA dimer provides a synthetic hemoprotein, [(rHSA-FeP)2], which can reversibly bind and release dioxygen under physiological conditions (in aqueous media, pH 7.3, 37 °C) like hemoglobin and myoglobin. A maximum of 16 hemes (FePs) were incorporated into the (rHSA)2 structure. On the basis of the isoelectric focusing measurement, the surface charge distributions of the (rHSA)2 and (rHSA-FeP)2 are identical to that of rHSA. The O2-binding affinity (P1/2: 30 Torr at 37 °C) and O2-association and -dissociation rate constants of (rHSA-FeP)2 (kon, 2.4 × 107 M-1 s-1; koff, 4.7 × 102 s-1) satisfy the requirements for a synthetic O2 carrier as a red cell substitute.
Development of Artificial Riboswitches for Monitoring of Naringenin In Vivo (2017)

Microbial strains are considered promising hosts for production of flavonoids because of their rapid growth rate and suitability for large-scale manufacturing. However, productivity and titer of current recombinant strains still do not meet the requirements of industrial processes. Genetically encoded biosensors have been applied for high-throughput screening or dynamic regulation of biosynthetic pathways for enhancing the performance of microbial strains that produce valuable chemicals. Currently, few protein sensor-regulators for flavonoids exist. Unlike the protein-based trans-regulating controllers, riboswitches can respond to their ligands faster and eliminate off-target effects. Here, we developed artificial riboswitches that activate gene expression in response to naringenin, an important flavonoid. RNA aptamers for naringenin were developed using SELEX and cloned upstream of a dual selectable marker gene to construct a riboswitch library. Two in vivo selection routes were applied separately to the library by supplementing naringenin at two different concentrations during enrichments to modulate the operational ranges of the riboswitches. The selected riboswitches were responsive to naringenin and activated gene expression up to 2.91-fold. Operational ranges of the riboswitches were distinguished on the basis of their selection route. Additionally, the specificity of the riboswitches was assessed, and their applicability as dynamic regulators was confirmed. Collectively, the naringenin riboswitches reported in this work will be valuable tools in metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of flavonoids.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Amino Alcohol Modified Halomethylzinc Reagents. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Activity Rules for the Combinatorial Clock Auction (2012)

In the original proposal for the combinatorial clock auction (Ausubel, Cramton and Milgrom, 2006), a revealed-preference approach was taken to limiting bidders’ activity, based on their earlier activity. However, empirical implementations of the CCA to spectrum auctions have tended to place most or all reliance on a monotonicity condition in eligibility points. This paper proposes activity rules which strike a balance between revealed preference and eligibility-point monotonicity. For the clock auction stage, we propose a hybrid revealed-preference/eligibility-point approach, in which the current round’s bid should satisfy a simplified revealed-preference constraint relative to prior rounds’ bids, but with an eligibility-point safe harbor. For the supplementary round, we propose a tightening of Ofcom’s relative cap, in which supplementary bids must satisfy revealed preference relative to the final clock bid, as well as relative to bids in all eligibility-reducing rounds in which the bidder’s eligibility went below the eligibility points associated with the bid in question.
Chemoprotective effects of Ulva lactuca (green seaweed) aqueous‐ethanolic extract against subchronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene by CYP1A1 inhibition in mice (2019)

The protective effect of the supplementation with an aqueous-ethanolic extract obtained from Ulva lactuca (Delile) green seaweed on benzo[a] pyrene-induced damage in mice was evaluated. Animals were treated with oral doses of U. lactuca extract (100 and 400 mg/kg) for 9 weeks. They were exposed to 50 mg/kg of oral doses of benzo(a)pyrene starting from the second week and up to the fifth week. Groups treated with benzo(a)pyrene only (second to fifth weeks), sunflower oil (vehicle, 9 weeks), or U. lactuca extract (100 and 400 mg/kg, 9 weeks) were also included in the study. The treatment with 400 mg/kg of the extract ameliorated the oxidative damage, decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and favorably regulated the antioxidant defenses compared with benzo(a)pyrene-exposed group. The benzo(a)pyrene-induced DNA damage was also reduced, as it was evidenced by the lower micronucleus formation in U. lactuca extract-supplemented animals. The extract protected the hepatic tissue, and it reduced the liver activity/expression of CYP1A1. These results altogether suggested a chemoprotective effect of U. lactuca extract against benzo(a)pyrene-induced-toxicity in mice, probably associated with an inhibitory effect of carcinogen bioactivation.
A 23.5-dBm, 7.9%-PAE Pseudo-differential Power Amplifier at 136 GHz in 40-nm GaN (2022)

A pseudo-differential power amplifier (PA) is demonstrated at 136-GHz in a 40-nm GaN HEMT technology. The 2-stage design achieves an output power of 23.5 dBm and peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 7.9% with an associated gain of 7.6 dB. To improve the overall gain in this frequency band, the design incorporates HEMT cells with 3-via inductive source degeneration for gain peaking and improved compression. Pseudo-differential power combining is also implemented using on-chip Marchand baluns with common-source devices. The PA area is 1.26 x 1.13 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mm^{2}$</tex> . To the author's knowledge, this compact PA demonstrates the highest power added efficiency (PAE) in GaN above 135 GHz.
Cyclopropanes from reactions of transition metal carbene complexes with olefins (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropanes from reactions of transition metal carbene complexes with olefinsMaurice. Brookhart and William B. StudabakerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1987, 87, 2, 411–432Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00078a008https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00078a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2943Altmetric-Citations373LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Understanding the effect of side groups in ionic liquids on carbon-capture properties: a combined experimental and theoretical effort (2013)

Ionic liquids are an emerging class of materials with applications in a variety of fields. Steady progress has been made in the creation of ionic liquids tailored to specific applications. However, the understanding of the underlying structure-property relationships has been slower to develop. As a step in the effort to alleviate this deficiency, the influence of side groups on ionic liquid properties has been studied through an integrated approach utilizing synthesis, experimental determination of properties, and simulation techniques. To achieve this goal, a classical force field in the framework of OPLS/Amber force fields has been developed to predict ionic liquid properties accurately. Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry was employed to synthesize triazolium-based ionic liquids with diverse side groups. Values of densities were predicted within 3% of experimental values, whereas self-diffusion coefficients were underestimated by about an order of magnitude though the trends were in excellent agreement, the activation energy calculated in simulation correlates well with experimental values. The predicted Henry coefficient for CO(2) solubility reproduced the experimentally observed trends. This study highlights the importance of integrating experimental and computational approaches in property prediction and materials development, which is not only useful in the development of ionic liquids for CO(2) capture but has application in many technological fields.
Femto-photography: capturing and visualizing the propagation of light (2013)

We present femto-photography, a novel imaging technique to capture and visualize the propagation of light. With an effective exposure time of 1.85 picoseconds (ps) per frame, we reconstruct movies of ultrafast events at an equivalent resolution of about one half trillion frames per second. Because cameras with this shutter speed do not exist, we re-purpose modern imaging hardware to record an ensemble average of repeatable events that are synchronized to a streak sensor, in which the time of arrival of light from the scene is coded in one of the sensor's spatial dimensions. We introduce reconstruction methods that allow us to visualize the propagation of femtosecond light pulses through macroscopic scenes; at such fast resolution, we must consider the notion of time-unwarping between the camera's and the world's space-time coordinate systems to take into account effects associated with the finite speed of light. We apply our femto-photography technique to visualizations of very different scenes, which allow us to observe the rich dynamics of time-resolved light transport effects, including scattering, specular reflections, diffuse interreflections, diffraction, caustics, and subsurface scattering. Our work has potential applications in artistic, educational, and scientific visualizations; industrial imaging to analyze material properties; and medical imaging to reconstruct subsurface elements. In addition, our time-resolved technique may motivate new forms of computational photography.
The Evolution of Draft Lotteries in Professional Sports: Back to Moral Hazard? (1995)

In several North American professional sports, teams choose (draft) new players each year in inverse order of their end-of-season standings. Since drafting early is valued highly, teams that are not doing well might be tempted not to try hard in the last few games of the season, since by losing they might improve their draft position. To alleviate this potential problem, the National Basketball Association, since 1985, has held an annual draft lottery among the teams that did not qualify for that season’s playoffs. Initially the lottery was one of equal chance; it is now heavily biased in favor of the weakest teams. A very biased draft lottery has also just been instituted by the National Hockey League. We have calculated the probabilities of different draft positions by a team’s regular season standings and the resulting expected draft positions for all these lottery formats. For current schemes the expected draft positions turn out to be almost what they would have been without a lottery.
Versatile One-Pot Synthesis of Supramolecular Plastics and Self-Healing Rubbers (2009)

We propose a strategy to obtain through a facile one-pot synthesis a large variety of supramolecular materials that can behave as differently as associating low-viscosity liquids, semicrystalline or amorphous thermoplastics, viscoelastic melts or rubbers. Such versatility is achieved thanks to simultaneous synthesis of branched backbones and grafting of associating units. This contrasts with usual synthetic pathways that rely on grafting functional groups on preprepared backbones. We use oligocondensation of fatty di- and triacids with diethylenetriamine and finely tune the molecular weight and degree of branching by end-capping some acid groups before condensation by reaction with aminoethylimidazolidone. Supramolecular assembly is formed thanks to complementary and self-complementary associations of amide, imidazolidone, and dialkylurea groups, and the stoichiometry directly controls the mesoscopic structure and properties.