gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Release in Impaired Glucose Tolerance (2002)

The availability of quantitative indexes describing beta-cell function in normal life conditions is important for the characterization of impaired mechanisms of insulin secretion in pathophysiological states. Recently, an oral C-peptide minimal model has been proposed and applied to subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) during graded up-and-down glucose infusion protocols (40-min periods at 4, 8, 16, 8, 4, and 0 mg.kg(-1).min(-1)) and oral glucose tolerance tests. These tests are characterized by slow glucose and C-peptide dynamics, which reproduce prandial conditions. In view of the importance of beta-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, our aim was to test and use the oral minimal model in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to identify deranged mechanisms of beta-cell function. Plasma C-peptide and glucose data from graded up-and-down glucose infusions were analyzed in nine NGT and four IGT subjects using the classic deconvolution approach and the oral minimal model, and indexes of beta-cell function were derived. An index of insulin sensitivity was also obtained for each subject from minimal model analysis of glucose and insulin levels achieved during the test. Both deconvolution and minimal model analyses revealed that individuals with IGT have a relative defect in the ability to secrete enough insulin to adequately compensate for insulin resistance. Additionally, minimal model analysis suggests that insulin secretory defect in IGT arises from delays in the timing of the beta-cell response to glucose.
Supplementary Table S1 from Molecular Analysis of Plasma DNA for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer by Quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1.&lt;/p&gt;
Laser streaking of free-electron pulses at 25 keV (2014)

We demonstrate an optical-field-driven streak camera for temporal characterization of ultrashort free-electron pulses with sub-ångström de Broglie wavelength. This metrology reveals duration, chirp, and coherence of diffraction-capable electron pulses and potentially offers attosecond resolution.
Generating large disordered stealthy hyperuniform systems with ultra-high accuracy to determine their physical properties (2023)

Hyperuniform many-particle systems are characterized by a structure factor $S({\mathbf{k}})$ that is precisely zero as $|\mathbf{k}|\rightarrow0$; and stealthy hyperuniform systems have $S({\mathbf{k}})=0$ for the finite range $0 &lt; |{\mathbf{k}}| \le K$, called the "exclusion region." Through a process of collective-coordinate optimization, energy-minimizing disordered stealthy hyperuniform systems of moderate size have been made to high accuracy, and their novel physical properties have shown great promise. However, minimizing $S(\mathbf{k})$ in the exclusion region is computationally intensive as the system size becomes large. In this Letter, we present an improved methodology to generate such states using double-double precision calculations on GPUs that reduces the deviations from zero within the exclusion region by a factor of approximately $10^{30}$ for systems sizes more than an order of magnitude larger. We further show that this ultra-high accuracy is required to draw conclusions about their corresponding characteristics, such as the nature of the associated energy landscape and the presence or absence of Anderson localization, which might be masked, even when deviations are relatively small.
Results of Preoperative Pulmonary Function Testing of Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis (2005)

Some patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis may have clinically relevant pulmonary impairment that is out of proportion with the severity of the scoliosis, and this may alter the decision-making process regarding which fusion technique will produce an acceptable clinical result with the least additional effect on pulmonary function.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (9R,12S)‐ and (9S,12S)‐Cycloisodityrosine and Their N‐ Methyl Derivatives. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antibacterial calcium phosphate cement with human periodontal ligament stem cell‐microbeads to enhance bone regeneration and combat infection (2021)

Infectious bone defects remain a significant challenge in orthopedics and dentistry. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) have attracted significant interest in use as local drug delivery system, which with great potential to control release of antibiotics for the treatment of infectious bone defects. Within the current study, a novel antibacterial scaffold of chitosan-reinforced calcium phosphate cement delivering doxycycline hyclate (CPCC + DOX) was developed. Furthermore, the capacity of CPCC + DOX scaffolds for bone regeneration was enhanced by the human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) encapsulated in alginate beads. CPCC + DOX scaffolds were fabricated to contain different concentrations of DOX. Flexural strength of CPCC + DOX ranged from 5.56 ± 0.70 to 6.2 ± 0.72 MPa, which exceeded the reported strength of cancellous bone. Scaffolds exhibited continual DOX release, reaching 80% at 21 days. Scaffold with 5 mg/ml DOX (CPCC + DOX5mg) had a strong antibacterial effect, with a 4-log colony forming unit reduction against S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs encapsulated in alginate hydrogel microbeads were investigated in culture with CPCC + DOX scaffolds. CPCC + DOX5mg had no negative effect on proliferation of hPDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral synthesis, and osteogenic gene expressions for CPCC + DOX5mg group were much higher than control group. DOX did not compromise the osteogenic induction. In summary, the novel CPCC + DOX scaffold exhibited excellent mechanical properties and strong antibacterial activity, while supporting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. The CPCC + DOX + hPDLSCs construct is promising to enhance bone regeneration and combat bone infections in dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic applications.
Diskussion (1984)

Herr Führ, Sie haben häufig das Verhältnis zwischen dem Boden und den angewandten chemischen Schutzmitteln erwähnt. Das Verhältnis liegt offenbar in der Größenordnung von 1:1000000 und darunter. Kann man grundsätzlich sagen, daß in diesem Bereich die Pflanzenschutzmittel nachher für den Verzehr unschädlich sind?
Supplementary Figure 4 from Progesterone Receptor Signaling in the Microenvironment of Endometrial Cancer Influences Its Response to Hormonal Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 364K, Stromal or epithelial specific deletion of PR-A and PR-B.&lt;/p&gt;
The Peak Overpressure Field Resulting From Shocks Emerging From Circular Shock Tubes (2010)

A simple semi-empirical model for predicting the peak overpressure field that results when a shock emerges from a circular shock tube is presented and validated. By assuming that the shape of the expanding shock remains geometrically similar after an initial development period, an equation that describes the peak overpressure field in the horizontal plane containing the shock tube’s centerline was developed. The accuracy of this equation was evaluated experimentally by collecting peak overpressure field measurements along radials from the shock tube exit at 0 deg, 45 deg, and 90 deg over a range of shock Mach numbers from 1.15 to 1.45. It was found that the equation became more accurate at higher Mach numbers with percent differences between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions ranging from 1.1% to 3.6% over the range of Mach numbers considered. (1) Shocks do propagate in a geometrically similar manner after some initial development length over the range of Mach numbers considered here. (2) The model developed here gives reasonable predictions for the overpressure field from a shock emerging from a circular shock tube. (3) Shocks are expected to be completely symmetric with respect to the shock tube’s centerline, and hence, a three dimensional overpressure field may be predicted by the model developed here. (4) While there is a range of polar angle at which the shock shape may be described as being spherical with respect to the shock tube’s exit, this range does not encompass the entirety of the half space in front of the shock tube, and the model developed here is needed to accurately describe the entire peak overpressure field.
Multiple stents are not superior to single stent insertion for pain relief in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a retrospective comparative study (2019)

<b>Background and study aims </b> Patients with painful chronic pancreatitis (CP) and distal main pancreatic duct (MPD) stricture are considered candidates for treatment using a single plastic stent insertion. Multiple side-by-side stents have been proposed as an alternative treatment but comparative studies are lacking. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess differences in characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with CP and MPD strictures treated with a different number of stents during the stenting period. <b>Patients and methods </b> Patients with painful CP and distal MPD obstruction requiring endoscopic treatment (01.2004 - 12.2012) were considered. The study population was divided in three groups: Patients treated with (A) exclusively one stent; (B) one or two stents; and (C) exclusively two stents during the stenting period. Patient characteristics and treatment outcomes were retrospectively assessed. <b>Results </b> Among 284 patients, 85 were selected according to inclusion criteria (Group A: 18, Group B: 35, Group C: 32). Median follow-up duration was 84 months. The median number of endoscopic procedures needed was higher for group B [3 (A) vs. 3 (C) vs. 4 (B), <i>P</i> = 0.001]. Regarding outcome, successful endoscopic treatment was lower in Group C (50 % vs. 88.2 % and 74.2 % for groups A and B, respectively; <i>P</i> = 0.02). This difference was attributed to better clinical outcome in Group A compared to Group C patients [OR(95%CI): 7.50 (1.46 - 38.70); <i>P</i> = 0.04]. Moreover, group C patients experienced higher levels of pain at the end of follow-up period [median Izbicki Score 0 (group A) vs. 0 (group B) vs. 6 (group C), <i>P</i> = 0.03]. <b>Conclusions </b> In patients with painful CP and distal MPD obstruction, treatment with a single stent is associated with better clinical outcome compared to treatment with exclusively two stents during the stenting period.
Bio heat equation modeling on macro and micro scales (2014)

Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method is successfully applied and used in variety of problems in applied electrodynamics. In this paper we present FDTD method for heat equation for classical Fourier model as well as for Cattaneo and Chen-Tzou models in micro and nano scales. Cattaneo Bio-Heat Equation for 1D case is investigated.
SUMIS: Near-Optimal Soft-In Soft-Out MIMO Detection With Low and Fixed\n Complexity (2012)

The fundamental problem of our interest here is soft-input soft-output\nmultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection. We propose a method, referred\nto as subspace marginalization with interference suppression (SUMIS), that\nyields unprecedented performance at low and fixed (deterministic) complexity.\nOur method provides a well-defined tradeoff between computational complexity\nand performance. Apart from an initial sorting step consisting of selecting\nchannel-matrix columns, the algorithm involves no searching nor algorithmic\nbranching; hence the algorithm has a completely predictable run-time and allows\nfor a highly parallel implementation. We numerically assess the performance of\nSUMIS in different practical settings: full/partial channel state information,\nsequential/iterative decoding, and low/high rate outer codes. We also comment\non how the SUMIS method performs in systems with a large number of transmit\nantennas.\n
Development of two-dimensional scanning probe arrays for dip pen nanolithography (DPN) (2006)

In this paper, we report the development of two-dimensional scanning probe arrays to achieve high-throughput DPN writing in a parallel mode. A new "mold-and-transfer" micromachining process has been developed, which is capable of making large scanning probe arrays with high yield and at low cost. Up to date, two-dimensional passive probe arrays with 1000 metal probes and 1000,000 polymer probes have been successfully developed. Prototypes of two-dimensional active probe arrays have also been successfully fabricated and tested, which consists of 49 scanning probe individually controlled by a thermal bimorph micro actuator integrated on each probe. To ensure proper contact status of each probe on the sample surface, a new electrical probe-substrate contact sensing method has also been developed for two-dimensional DPN probe arrays to realize robust DPN writing. As such, 2D DPN writing has been successfully demonstrated for the first time.
Highly Reliable MEMS Temperature Sensors for 275 $^{ \circ}\hbox{C}$ Applications—Part 1: Design and Technology (2012)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, packaging, and experimental characterization of the first temperature-sensitive MEMS capacitors for health monitoring applications up to 275 °C. The capacitive sensor chip is 2 × 2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> fabricated on a 500-μm -thick Si wafer and comprises an array of 220 individual 10 × 250 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> inherently robust bimorphs. This first part focuses on the fabrication and packaging, thermomechanical design, electromagnetic modeling, and technology of the unpackaged and packaged bimorph beams. On the thermomechanical part, the measured profiles match theoretically predicted profiles from 20 °C to 250 °C within 4% and 3% at the beam midpoints and tips, respectively. Similarly, experimentally obtained capacitance changes for five separate packaged devices show a mean error of less than 3% and a maximum error of less than 5% from the theoretical model up to 165 °C. The packaged sensors simultaneously achieve for the first time: 1) high temperature operation; 2) monotonic capacitance-temperature response from 20 °C to 300 °C; 3) hermetic sealing; 4) miniature size of 5.4 × 5.4 × 3.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ; and 5) capacitance quality factor of over 5000 at 20 °C and 1000 at 160 °C. Experimental results underline the tradeoffs between beam arrangement, attachment method to the package, and package to the quality factor of the device.
Effective null pointer check elimination utilizing hardware trap (2000)

We present a new algorithm for eliminating null pointer checks from programs written in Java&amp;trade;. Our new algorithm is split into two phases. In the first phase, it moves null checks backward, and it is iterated for a few times with other optimizations to eliminate redundant null checks and maximize the effectiveness of other optimizations. In the second phase, it moves null checks forward and converts many null checks to hardware traps in order to minimize the execution cost of the remaining null checks. As a result, it eliminates many null checks effectively and exploits the maximum use of hardware traps. This algorithm has been implemented in the IBM cross-platform Java Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler. Our experimental results show that our approach improves performance by up to 71% for jBYTEmark and up to 10% for SPECjvm98 over the previously known best algorithm. They also show that it increases JIT compilation time by only 2.3%. Although we implemented our algorithm for Java, it is also applicable for other languages requiring null checking.
Engineering a soluble high-affinity receptor domain that neutralizes staphylococcal enterotoxin C in rabbit models of disease (2012)

Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of immunostimulatory exotoxins that activate large numbers of T cells, leading to overproduction of cytokines and subsequent inflammatory reactions and systemic toxicity. Staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC), a SAg secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, has been implicated in various illnesses including non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and necrotizing pneumonia. SEC has been shown to cause TSS illness in rabbits and the toxin contributes to lethality associated with methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) in a rabbit model of pneumonia. With the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality associated with SEC, a high-affinity variant of the extracellular variable domain of the T-cell receptor beta-chain for SEC (~14 kDa) was generated by directed evolution using yeast display. This protein was characterized biochemically and shown to cross-react with the homologous (65% identical) SAg staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The soluble, high-affinity T-cell receptor protein neutralized SEC and SEB in vitro and also significantly reduced the bacterial burden of an SEC-positive strain of MRSA (USA400 MW2) in an infective endocarditis model. The neutralizing agent also prevented lethality due to MW2 in a necrotizing pneumonia rabbit model. These studies characterize a soluble high-affinity neutralizing agent against SEC, which is cross-reactive with SEB, and that has potential to be used intravenously with antibiotics to manage staphylococcal diseases that involve these SAgs.
A Method to Utilize Mismatch Size to Produce an Additional Stable Bit in a Tilting SRAM-Based PUF (2020)

A new concept for Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), the Mirror PUF, is proposed. The Mirror PUF can be applied to existing preselected PUF circuits by post-processing the preselection test results and has the potential to double the number of effective bits, with no additional area at the bit-cell level. The Mirror PUF utilizes a preselection test, which measures the amount of mismatch within the PUF cell. This data is generally used to determine the mask for a conventional PUF. Here, it is used as an entropy source that is not correlated to the original response of the PUF. Bit-cells with low mismatch are considered as a ‘0’ and cells with high mismatch as a ‘1’. A systematic method is shown for identifying unstable bits in the Mirror PUF response. It classifies the cells to ‘low’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’ mismatch, such that medium mismatch bits are considered as unstable and masked from the response. The concept was applied to a 65nm Si implementation of the Capacitive Tilt PUF (Shifman et al., 2020). All of the unstable cells of the Mirror PUF, except for 0.03%, were identified and masked, with a worst-case corner Bit Error-Rate (BER) of only 2.35E-5 and 0.00026% erroneous responses across all corners. The application of the Mirror PUF to the Capacitive tilt PUF increased the number of stable response bits by 66%. No observable correlation was found between the responses of the original PUF and the Mirror PUF.
High‐Efficiency Ion‐Exchange Doping of Conducting Polymers (2021)

Molecular doping-the use of redox-active small molecules as dopants for organic semiconductors-has seen a surge in research interest driven by emerging applications in sensing, bioelectronics, and thermoelectrics. However, molecular doping carries with it several intrinsic problems stemming directly from the redox-active character of these materials. A recent breakthrough was a doping technique based on ion-exchange, which separates the redox and charge compensation steps of the doping process. Here, the equilibrium and kinetics of ion exchange doping in a model system, poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene) (PBTTT) doped with FeCl<sub>3</sub> and an ionic liquid, is studied, reaching conductivities in excess of 1000 S cm<sup>-1</sup> and ion exchange efficiencies above 99%. Several factors that enable such high performance, including the choice of acetonitrile as the doping solvent, which largely eliminates electrolyte association effects and dramatically increases the doping strength of FeCl<sub>3</sub> , are demonstrated. In this high ion exchange efficiency regime, a simple connection between electrochemical doping and ion exchange is illustrated, and it is shown that the performance and stability of highly doped PBTTT is ultimately limited by intrinsically poor stability at high redox potential.
Purification, characterization, and activation of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex from rat kidney cortex (1985)

The unactivated molybdate-stabilized glucocorticoid receptor (GcR) was purified from rat kidney cortex cytosol (RKcC) by using a modification of the procedure previously described by this laboratory for rat hepatic receptor. The purification includes affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The final preparation (approximately 1000-fold pure as determined from specific radioactivity) was used in subsequent physicochemical and functional analyses. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed a single heavily Coomassie-stained band at 90 kilodaltons. Density gradient ultracentrifugation indicated a sedimentation coefficient of 10.5 +/- 0.05 S (n = 2). Chromatography on an analytical gel filtration column produced a Stokes radius (Rs) of 6.4 +/- 0.07 nm (n = 5). The Rs was unchanged when the molybdate-stabilized GcR was analyzed in the presence of 400 mM KCl or when analyzed in the unpurified (cytosolic) state. In contrast, the hepatic GcR was observed to exist as a larger form in cytosol (7.7 +/- 0.2 nm). Following purification, or upon gel filtration analysis under hypertonic conditions, the Rs was similar to that of the unpurified RKcC GcR. Following removal of molybdate from RKcC GcR and thermal activation (25 degrees C/30 min), DNA-cellulose binding increased 1.5-2-fold over the unheated control. Addition of RKcC or hepatic cytosol (endogenous receptors thermally denatured at 90 degrees C/30 min or presaturated with 10(-7) M radioinert ligand) during thermal activation increased DNA-cellulose binding an additional 2-6-fold beyond the heated control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Real-Time Battery Thermal Management Strategy for Connected and Automated Hybrid Electric Vehicles (CAHEVs) Based on Iterative Dynamic Programming (2018)

Connected and automated hybrid electric vehicles (CAHEVs) are a potential solution to the future transportation due to their improved fuel economy, reduced emissions, and capability to mitigate congestion and improve safety. The battery thermal management (BTM) in CAHEVs is one of the crucial problems, because the lithium-ion batteries are highly temperature sensitive. Therefore, a practical and energy-efficient BTM strategy is required for both improving the operating temperature of batteries and saving energy. In this study, the dynamic programming (DP) is implemented for a BTM system in CAHEVs for achieving the optimal cooling/heating energy savings for batteries. To enhance the real-time capability, an iterative approach is proposed to approximate the optimum control strategy iteratively in a multidimensional search space. The proposed iterative DP strategy can improve the system performance and energy-efficiency by fully exploiting the future road information in CAHEVs combined with a model predictive control method. The hardware-in-the-loop validation of the proposed strategy is conducted on the UDDS and the WLTC drive cycles based on a Toyota Prius PHEV model. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed BTM strategy that leads to a considerable BTM energy reduction.