gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Well Interference and Fracture Geometry Investigation Using Production and Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data in an Unconventional Reservoir (2022)

Summary Well interference directly impacts well spacing optimization and well economics, thus it has received significant attention. Observed in many unconventional reservoirs, well interference is mainly attributed to connection of hydraulic fractures. Few studies have compared the hydraulic fracture connection during stimulation with that during the production period. This study connects these two aspects by leveraging the low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LF-DAS) signals acquired during the stimulation and the daily production data of 23 horizontal wells in the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin. Strong cross-formation communication between Niobrara and Codell has been identified from both LF-DAS and production data. Interwell fracture connection could divert up to 80% of a shut-in well’s production to the offset well in the adjacent formation, revealing that well interference can be evaluated through random shut-ins of wells during production. Further, fracture connection in LF-DAS data is observed between Codell wells but rarely between Niobrara wells. Given the average Codell well spacing of 1,270 ft and Niobrara well spacing of 650 ft, we observe that the half-length of the stimulated hydraulic fractures in Codell wells is significantly longer than that of Niobrara wells. This study also confirms that stronger well interference during production correlates with strong fracture connection identified from LF-DAS.
Text Segmentation for MRC Document Compression (2010)

The mixed raster content (MRC) standard (ITU-T T.44) specifies a framework for document compression which can dramatically improve the compression/quality tradeoff as compared to traditional lossy image compression algorithms. The key to MRC compression is the separation of the document into foreground and background layers, represented as a binary mask. Therefore, the resulting quality and compression ratio of a MRC document encoder is highly dependent upon the segmentation algorithm used to compute the binary mask. In this paper, we propose a novel multiscale segmentation scheme for MRC document encoding based upon the sequential application of two algorithms. The first algorithm, cost optimized segmentation (COS), is a blockwise segmentation algorithm formulated in a global cost optimization framework. The second algorithm, connected component classification (CCC), refines the initial segmentation by classifying feature vectors of connected components using an Markov random field (MRF) model. The combined COS/CCC segmentation algorithms are then incorporated into a multiscale framework in order to improve the segmentation accuracy of text with varying size. In comparisons to state-of-the-art commercial MRC products and selected segmentation algorithms in the literature, we show that the new algorithm achieves greater accuracy of text detection but with a lower false detection rate of nontext features. We also demonstrate that the proposed segmentation algorithm can improve the quality of decoded documents while simultaneously lowering the bit rate.
A survey of power efficient technologies for Wireless Body Area Networks (2008)

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) of intelligent sensors emerged as the most promising architecture for ambulatory health monitoring. Integrated in an m-Health system they provide means for unobotrusive ubiquitous monitoring. However, proper design of wireless communication system is application dependent and critically influences system performance and user acceptance. In this paper we present a survey of existing and emerging wireless communication technologies and critical parameters for the system design.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure of Bis(trifluoromethyl)(N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamato)copper. A Remarkably Stable Perfluoroalkylcopper(III) Complex. (1990)

Abstract The cuprate (I) reacts with the thiuram disulfide (II) in DMF to produce the copper(III) complex (III) which is also prepared by trifluoromethylation of the dibromide (IV) with trifluoromethylcadmium iodide (V).
CADM1 , MAL and miR124-2 methylation analysis in cervical scrapes to detect cervical and endometrial cancer (2014)

DNA methylation analysis of CADM1, MAL and miR124-2 in cervical scrapes consistently detects cervical cancer and the majority of CIN3 lesions, and has the capacity to broaden its use on cervical scrapes through the detection of a substantial subset of endometrial carcinomas.
The Story of (2010)

<strong>8.1 Balancing Optics and Sensor Resolution in the Imaging Chain</strong> It is important at this point to look at the combined effect of the optics and sensor on the image quality produced by the camera (Fig. 8.1). We have shown that the optics and the digital sensor each impose a fundamental limit on the detail that can be imaged with a digital camera. The optics spreads out each point from the scene into a blurred spot, and the detector array divides up and samples the scene into pixels. The <i>Q</i> of a digital camera defines how these two limitations are balanced in the camera design. Understanding these two effects and how they can be managed in the imaging chain is very important to understanding the image quality. <strong>8.2 Spatial Resolution</strong> The spatial resolution is defined as the smallest separation between two objects in the scene that allows them to still be resolved as two separate objects in the image (Fig. 8.2). The most common metric for spatial resolution is the Rayleigh criterion, suggested by Lord Rayleigh in 1879, that is based on the diffraction PSF of light from a clear circular aperture. The Rayleigh criterion states that two points are just resolvable when the location of one point lies on the first zero of the Airy disk from the second point (Fig. 8.3), i.e., the points are separated by <i>(8.1)</i>
Uncovering the Cultivable Microbial Diversity of Costa Rican Beetles and Its Ability to Break Down Plant Cell Wall Components (2014)

Coleopterans are the most diverse insect order described to date. These organisms have acquired an array of survival mechanisms through their evolution, including highly efficient digestive systems. Therefore, the coleopteran intestinal microbiota constitutes an important source of novel plant cell wall-degrading enzymes with potential biotechnological applications. We isolated and described the cultivable fungi, actinomycetes and aerobic eubacteria associated with the gut of larvae and adults from six different beetle families colonizing decomposing logs in protected Costa Rican ecosystems. We obtained 611 isolates and performed phylogenetic analyses using the ITS region (fungi) and 16S rDNA (bacteria). The majority of fungal isolates belonged to the order Hypocreales (26% of 169 total), while the majority of actinomycetes belonged to the genus Streptomyces (86% of 241 total). Finally, we isolated 201 bacteria spanning 19 different families belonging into four phyla: Firmicutes, α, β and γ-proteobacteria. Subsequently, we focused on microbes isolated from Passalid beetles to test their ability to degrade plant cell wall polymers. Highest scores in these assays were achieved by a fungal isolate (Anthostomella sp.), two Streptomyces and one Bacillus bacterial isolates. Our study demonstrates that Costa Rican beetles harbor several types of cultivable microbes, some of which may be involved in symbiotic relationships that enable the insect to digest complex polymers such as lignocellulose.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Electrolysis of Ethanol for Fuel Cell Applications (2003)

Ethanol is becoming an attractive liquid fuel for fuel cell applications due to several advantages: it is convenient to store, it is the major renewable biofuel from fermentation of biomass, and its partial oxidation products are less toxic than those of other alcohols.[1-5] Moreover, ethanol was found to be a promising alternative for polymer electrolyte fuel cells because it has an electrochemical activity comparable to that of methanol, and its permeability through the polymer electrolyte membrane is low.[1,2,6] Among the electrodes used to electro-oxidize ethanol, Platinum-based electrocatalysts are well-known for the electro-oxidation of organics molecules such as ethanol, but they are subject to poisoning due to the adsorbed CO molecules over the Pt which reduces drastically the catalyst activity. [1-8] Therefore, addition of other metals such as Ru, Rh, Sn, Mo, is necessary to improve the catalytic activity of Pt, being the Pt-Ru bimetallic alloys the most widely used .[2-5,7,9] Several studies has shown that the addition of Ru favors the adsorption of oxygen-containing species, while at the Pt sites there are strongly adsorbed carbon containing species, therefore the oxidation of those carbon species can be achieved at lower potentials.[2,5,7] Nevertheless, there is still uncertainty about the specific details of the reaction mechanism, such as: What are the oxygen containing species? How do they interact with the Ru/ Pt sites? and What are the specific carbon species interactions with the surface Pt-Ru atoms? The objective of this work is to address these questions, in order to have a better understanding of the electro-oxidation reaction of ethanol on Pt-Ru electrodes. Electrochemical techniques, combined with computational chemistry will be used to achieve the objectives. This work is important for the development of new alloys to improve the electro-oxidation of ethanol for fuel cell applications.
Spectral Green’s Function Approach in the Investigation of Radiation Pattern of a Nove1 Circular Grating Surface Emitting Laser (1996)

Grating coupled surface emitting lasers (SELs) are desirable for high power applications due to their large emitting areas. The advantages of these kinds of optical sources in comparison with the conventional edge-emitting lasers have caused an interest in geometries to fully develop their potentials. Among these geometries, circular grating SELs (CGSELs) have additional advantage of producing a low divergence circularly symmetric beam. Recently, a nove1 CGSEL with the emission from the center has been reported [1] . The schematic view of this new geometry is illustrated in Fig.1. Surface emission is produced by the presence of second-order circular grating at the center of the structure. The annular active region surrounding the second-order grating provides optical gain, and the first-order circular grating section which encloses both the annular region and the central region is largely responsible for producing the optical feedback. The most obvious advantage of this new design in comparison with the previous CGSELs is that the emitting region is located at the center of the laser.
Dispersion control over 150 THz with chirped dielectric mirrors (1998)

Ultrabroad-band chirped multilayer dielectric mirrors providing nearly constant negative group delay dispersion over the wavelength range of 640-950 nm and high reflectance between 590 and 970 nm are demonstrated. A key to this performance has been an improved design method, which also substantially reduces the computing time needed for ultimate optimization. The presented devices constitute an enabling technology for producing high-quality terawatt pulses in the sub-10-fs regime. The generation of 5-fs 0.1-TW pulses by using exclusively these mirrors as negative delay line demonstrates this potential.
Biochemical, Crystallographic, and Mutagenic Characterization of Hint, the AMP-Lysine Hydrolase, with Novel Substrates and Inhibitors (2004)

Hint, histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein, is a universally conserved enzyme that hydrolyzes AMP linked to lysine and, in yeast, functions as a positive regulator of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase, Kin28. To explore the biochemical and structural bases for the adenosine phosphoramidate hydrolase activity of rabbit Hint, we synthesized novel substrates linking a p-nitroaniline group to adenylate (AMP-pNA) and inhibitors that consist of an adenosine group and 5'-sulfamoyl (AdoOSO(2)NH(2)) or N-ethylsulfamoyl (AdoOSO(2)NHCH(2)CH(3)) group. AMP-pNA is a suitable substrate for Hint that allowed characterization of the inhibitors; titration of each inhibitor into AMP-pNA assays revealed their K(i) values. The N-ethylsulfamoyl derivative has a 13-fold binding advantage over the sulfamoyl adenosine. The 1.8-A cocrystal structure of rabbit Hint with N-ethylsulfamoyl adenosine revealed a binding site for the ethyl group against Trp-123, a residue that reaches across the Hint dimer interface to interact with the alkyl portion of the inhibitor and, presumably, the alkyl portion of a lysyl substrate. Ser-107 is positioned to donate a hydrogen bond to the leaving group nitrogen. Consistent with a role in acid-base catalysis, the Hint S107A mutant protein displayed depressed catalytic activity.
In vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma activity of ricolinostat, a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties. (2016)

e21075 Background: Previously, we have shown that pan-HDAC inhibitors induce apoptosis and changes in the immunogenicity of melanoma cells. Further studies identified HDAC6 playing a central role in regulating melanoma immunogenicity. Genetic knockdown (KD) of HDAC6 in murine and human melanoma cells increased the expression of MHCI and costimulatory molecules as well as melanoma associated antigens. In vivo studies demonstrated that the growth of melanoma cells lacking HDAC6 was significantly delayed as compared to wild-type cells. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were given melanoma cells sc. When mice developed a palpable mass they were treated with vehicle control, ricolinostat alone, or in combination with anti PD-1 or anti CTLA-4 antibodies. To assess the effects of ricolinostat upon T cells, murine T-cells were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 dynabeads in the presence -or not- of 1 uM ricolinostat for 24 hour. Then, cells were adoptively transferred into B16 bearing mice. T-cell subpopulations from the lymph nodes were analyzed ex vivo. Results: First, in vivo treatment of melanoma bearing mice with ricolinostat resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth (p < 0.05). No toxicities were observed at the doses studied. Second, the antitumor effect exerted by ricolinostat was not observed when melanoma bearing SCID mice were treated with this compound, indicating that an intact adaptive immune system is required for the observed antitumor activity. In lieu of these previously unknown immunomodulatory properties of ricolinostat, we next assessed the effects of this compound upon T-cells in vivo. We show here that treatment of murine T-cells with ricolinostat resulted in a significant increase in central memory T-cells endowed with a strong anti-melanoma activity in vivo as compared to control-treated T-cells (p < 0.05). Finally, the addition of ricolinostat treatment to either anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1 treatment was associated with an enhanced inhibition of melanoma tumor growth. Conclusions: Our results have identified HDAC6 as a novel target for melanoma immunotherapy and point to ricolinostat as an attractive agent to add to the immuno-oncology armamentarium.
Immunologic studies of Japanese encephalitis virus in Japan. II. Antibody responses following inapparent human infection. (1959)

Summary Following inapparent infection by Japanese encephalitis virus in August and September 1956, 14 children without preexisting JE virus neutralizing antibody, developed a primary hemagglutination-inhibition antibody response by November; 13 of the 14 children formed neutralizing antibody and 11 of 14 children developed complement fixing antibody. Neutralizing antibody usually appeared concurrently with HI antibody, though in some children it appeared before or after HI antibody. Inapparent “reinfections” by JE virus occurred during August and September 1956 in seven children with preexisting neutralizing antibody in plasma. The HI and neutralizing antibody responses were similar in time of occurrence and frequency to those seen in the 14 children without preexisting neutralizing antibody; however, complement fixing antibody more promptly and uniformly rose to detectable levels in the “reinfected” children than in the group with primary infection. Although the exact mechanism of antibody stimulation following “reinfection” of humans by JE virus is uncertain, this phenomenon may play a role in Japan in maintenance of JE virus antibody levels and immunity in humans and possibly in animals. Maximal HI antibody titers that develop within two months of inapparent infection were lower than those usually found after overt Japanese encephalitis. Contrariwise CF antibody did not display a difference in maximal titers. Neutralizing, CF and HI antibodies persisted at detectable levels in plasma and serum for different periods of time after inapparent infection (neutralizing for many years, CF for at least 5–6 weeks but less than 9 months, and HI for years in many persons.)
Simulation of bipolar charge transport in nanocomposite polymer films (2015)

This paper describes 3D particle-in-cell simulation of bipolar charge injection and transport through nanocomposite film comprised of ferroelectric ceramic nanofillers in an amorphous polymer matrix. The classical electrical double layer (EDL) model for a monopolar core is extended (eEDL) to represent the nanofiller by replacing it with a dipolar core. Charge injection at the electrodes assumes metal-polymer Schottky emission at low to moderate fields and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at high fields. Injected particles migrate via field-dependent Poole-Frenkel mobility and recombine with Monte Carlo selection. The simulation algorithm uses a boundary integral equation method for solution of the Poisson equation coupled with a second-order predictor-corrector scheme for robust time integration of the equations of motion. The stability criterion of the explicit algorithm conforms to the Courant-Friedrichs-Levy limit assuring robust and rapid convergence. The model is capable of simulating a wide dynamic range spanning leakage current to pre-breakdown. Simulation results for BaTiO3 nanofiller in amorphous polymer matrix indicate that charge transport behavior depend on nanoparticle polarization with anti-parallel orientation showing the highest leakage conduction and therefore lowest level of charge trapping in the interaction zone. Charge recombination is also highest, at the cost of reduced leakage conduction charge. The eEDL model predicts the meandering pathways of charge particle trajectories.
Improved Scale-up Synthesis and Purification of Clinical Asthma Candidate MIDD0301 (2020)

We report an improved and scalable synthesis of MIDD0301, a positive GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor modulator that is under development as oral and inhaled treatments for asthma. In contrast to other benzodiazepines in clinical use, MIDD0301 is a chiral compound that has limited brain absorption. The starting material to generate MIDD0301 is 2-amino-5-bromo-2'-fluorobenzophenone, which has a non-basic nitrogen due to electron withdrawing substituents in the <i>ortho</i> and <i>para</i> positions, reducing its reactivity towards activated carboxylic acids. Investigations of peptide coupling reagents on multigram scale resulted in moderate yields due to incomplete conversions. Secondly, basic conditions used for the formation of the seven-membered 1,4-diazepine ring resulted in racemization of the chiral center. We found that neutral conditions comparable to the pKa of the primary amine were sufficient to support the formation of the intramolecular imine but did not enable the simultaneous removal of the protecting group. Both difficulties were overcome with the application of the <i>N</i>-carboxyanhydride of D-alanine. Activated in the presence of acid, this compound reacted with non-basic 2-amino-5-bromo-2'-fluorobenzophenone and formed the 1,4-diazepine upon neutralization with triethylamine. Carefully designed workup procedures and divergent solubility of the synthetic intermediates in solvents and solvent combinations were utilized to eliminate the need for column chromatography. To improve compatibility with large scale reactors, temperature-controlled slow addition of reagents generated the imidazodiazepine at -20 °C. All intermediates were isolated with a purity of >97% and impurities were identified and quantified. After the final hydrolysis step, MIDD0301 was isolated in a 44% overall yield and purity of 98.9% after recrystallization. The enantiomeric excess was greater than 99.0%.
On selfish routing in Internet-like environments (2006)

A recent trend in routing research is to avoid inefficiencies in network-level routing by allowing hosts to either choose routes themselves (e.g., source routing) or use overlay routing networks (e.g., Detour or RON). Such approaches result in selfish routing, because routing decisions are no longer based on system-wide criteria but are instead designed to optimize host-based or overlay-based metrics. A series of theoretical results showing that selfish routing can result in suboptimal system behavior have cast doubts on this approach. In this paper, we use a game-theoretic approach to investigate the performance of selfish routing in Internet-like environments based on realistic topologies and traffic demands in our simulations. We show that in contrast to theoretical worst cases, selfish routing achieves close to optimal average latency in such environments. However, such performance benefits come at the expense of significantly increased congestion on certain links. Moreover, the adaptive nature of selfish overlays can significantly reduce the effectiveness of traffic engineering by making network traffic less predictable.
Effect of anticancer drugs (aclarubicin hydrochloride, DWA 2114R) combined with local hyperthermia on growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma. (1991)

The effect of anticancer drugs combined with local hyperthermia on tumor growth and metastasis was studied on Lewis lung carcinoma. Aclarubicin hydrochloride (ACR) and (-) - (R) -2-aminomethylpyrrolidine (1, 1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato) platinum (II) (DWA2114R) were administered i. p. 30 min before heating. Low dose of both drugs had little effects on growth of tumors nor development of metastases whether they were combined with 37.5° for 60 min, 42° for 90 min or 43.5° of local hyperthermia for 45 min. High dose of ACR (10mg/kg) or DWA2114R (100mg/kg) combined with 43.5 of hyperthermia inhibited tumor growth and lung metastases, but their effects were only additive. Anticancer drugs inhibited the number of all sized metastases, especially large-sized metastases which were considered to develop before drug administration. Hyperthermia inhibited the number of small-sized metastases which were considered to development after hyperthermia. Therefore, anticancer drugs combining with hyperthermia will be worth-while.
Improvement of Outcome for Treatment of ‘Restenosis-prone’ Vascular Lesions? Potential Impact of the Paclitaxel dose on Late Lumen Loss in Porcine Peripheral Arteries (2022)

Treatment with the double-dose DCB (6 µg Ptx/mm<sup>2</sup>) tended to increase inhibition of in-stent neointimal formation and to diminish LLL after peripheral intervention in the porcine model compared to a market-approved DCB with 3.5 µg Ptx/mm<sup>2</sup>.