gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
8.6-GHz Active, Passive, and Hybrid Mode-Locking of InGaAsP Extended-Cavity MQW Lasers with Monolithically Integrated Saturable Absorbers (1993)

Active, passive, and hybrid mode-locking have been demonstrated in a monolithic extended-cavity semiconductor laser with an integrated saturable absorber. A 45-µm long reverse-biased segment of multiple quantum wells acts as the saturable absorber. Active and hybrid mode-locking at a repetition rate of 8.6 GHz, resulted in 6.2-ps and 4.4-ps pulses. The extended-cavity laser also exhibits self-starting passive mode-locking at a repetition rate of 8.57 GHz with 5.5 ps pulses. Wavelength selectivity over a range of 15 nm with little change in the pulse width is facilitated by a broad spectrum.
Exact Recovery in Community Detection With Continuous-Valued Side Information (2018)

The community detection problem, as a special case of inference on graphs, has received much attention lately. However, in the presence of continuous-valued side information, the behavior of a sharp threshold for exact recovery has remained open, and is addressed in this letter. The new proof presented herein has the further advantage of closing the gap between necessary and sufficient conditions for exact recovery threshold that has existed in community detection under finite-alphabet side information.
EXP3179 Inhibits Collagen-Dependent Platelet Activation via Glycoprotein Receptor-VI Independent of AT 1 -Receptor Antagonism (2007)

EXP3179 acts as a specific inhibitor of the platelet collagen receptor GPVI independent of AT1-receptor antagonism. Further investigations may clarify its individual potential as a novel pharmacological approach to specifically inhibit atherothrombotic events by GPVI-receptor blockade.
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared Study of the Decomposition of Carbon Suboxide Over Supported Rhodium. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Toward a universal extinction spectrum of self-affine silver colloid clusters: Experiment and simulation (1999)

Polarized extinction spectra of large fractal aggregates of colloidal silver deposited gravitationally onto a quartz substrate were measured by transmission as a function of angle of incidence. The spectral components tangential and normal to the average plane of the clusters compacted along the direction of deposition were extracted from these and compared with spectra calculated from simulated fractal aggregates that were projected onto a plane. The two sets agree acceptably, suggesting that the normal and tangential spectral components represent “universal,” i.e., size-independent extinction spectra characterizing all (compacted) cluster–cluster aggregates of colloidal silver.
Synthesis of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐hydroxymethyltrimethylene carbonate) (1991)

Abstract 2‐Ethyl‐2‐hydroxymethyltrimethylene carbonate (5‐ethyl‐5‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one) ( 1 ) was treated with trimethylsilyl chloride, benzyl chloroformate and phenyl isocyanate to give the corresponding 5,5‐disubstituted 1,3‐dioxan‐2‐ones 2 , 3 and 4 . These monomers were subjected to anionic ring‐opening polymerization reactions with lithium alcoholates as initiators. The polymers obtained usually exhibit linear structure; under special conditions slightly branched polymers were obtained. Poly( 2 ) and poly( 3 ) were subjected to polymer‐analogous reactions—hydrolysis and hydrogenation—by which the protective groups are removed and poly( 1 ) was obtained. The hydroxyl groups in poly(1) are susceptible to a polymer‐analogous reaction. Poly( 4 ) obtained by reaction of poly( 1 ) with phenyl isocyanate was identical with poly( 4 ) obtained by ring‐opening polymerization of the corresponding monomer 4 . All these new monomers were characterized by means of 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. The polymers were analyzed with respect to their primary structure, their molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The thermal properties of some of the polymers are discussed.
<title>Quantitative performance evaluation of the EM algorithm applied to radiographic images</title> (1991)

In this study, the authors evaluate quantitatively the performance of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm as a restoration technique for radiographic images. The 'perceived' signal-to-nose ratio (SNR), of simple radiographic patterns processed by the EM algorithm are calculated on the basis of a statistical decision theory model that includes both the observer's visual response function and a noise component internal to the eye-brain system. The relative SNR (ratio of the processed SNR to the original SNR) is calculated and used as a metric to quantitatively compare the effects of the EM algorithm to two popular image enhancement techniques: contrast enhancement (windowing) and unsharp mask filtering.
Metabolomics of Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Identifies Signatures of Malignant Glioma (2012)

Cerebrospinal fluid is routinely collected for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with neurological malignancies. However, little is known as to how its constituents may change in a patient when presented with a malignant glioma. Here, we used a targeted mass-spectrometry based metabolomics platform using selected reaction monitoring with positive/negative switching and profiled the relative levels of over 124 polar metabolites present in patient cerebrospinal fluid. We analyzed the metabolic profiles from 10 patients presenting malignant gliomas and seven control patients that did not present malignancy to test whether a small sample size could provide statistically significant signatures. We carried out multiple unbiased forms of classification using a series of unsupervised techniques and identified metabolic signatures that distinguish malignant glioma patients from the control patients. One subtype identified contained metabolites enriched in citric acid cycle components. Newly diagnosed patients segregated into a different subtype and exhibited low levels of metabolites involved in tryptophan metabolism, which may indicate the absence of an inflammatory signature. Together our results provide the first global assessment of the polar metabolic composition in cerebrospinal fluid that accompanies malignancy, and demonstrate that data obtained from high throughput mass spectrometry technology may have suitable predictive capabilities for the identification of biomarkers and classification of neurological diseases.
Synthesis And Hot Pressing Of ZnS Powders (1989)

Zinc sulfide powders with submicron particle size were prepared by homogeneous precipitation from acidic zinc solutions by aging with thioacetamide at elevated temperatures. Monosize, polycrystalline particles having 0.35 &mu;m diameter were obtained. Sulfide ion generation rate in solution depended on temperature, pH and initial thioacetamide concentration. The rate of sulfide ion generation, in turn, influenced precipitation kinetics and particle morphology. The types of supporting anions in solution also influenced the morphology of the particles produced. Monosize powders were hot pressed for various time, temperature and pressure combinations. Compacts aehieved near-theoretical density in less than 30 minutes at temperatures 850-900°C and applied pressures of about 70-105 MPa. The dominant densification mechanisms were identified at various stages of the process.
Diagnostic Potential of Exosomal microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer (2022)

Background: Despite the significance of colonoscopy for early diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC), population-wide screening remains challenging, mainly because of low acceptance rates. Herein, exosomal (exo-miR) and free circulating microRNA (c-miR) may be used as liquid biopsies in CRC to identify individuals at risk. Direct comparison of both compartments has shown inconclusive results, which is why we directly compared a panel of 10 microRNAs in this entity. Methods: Exo-miR and c-miR levels were measured using real-time quantitative PCR after isolation from serum specimens in a cohort of 69 patients. Furthermore, results were compared to established tumor markers CEA and CA 19-9. Results: Direct comparison of exo- and c-miR biopsy results showed significantly higher microRNA levels in the exosomal compartment (p < 0.001). Exo-Let7, exo-miR-16 and exo-miR-23 significantly differed between CRC and healthy controls (all p < 0.05), while no c-miR showed this potential. Sensitivity and specificity can be further enhanced using combinations of multiple exosomal miRNAs. Conclusions: Exosomal microRNA should be considered as a promising biomarker in CRC for future studies. Nonetheless, results may show interference with common comorbidities, which must be taken into account in future studies.
Thermal Storage System for Electric Vehicle Cabin Heating - Component and System Analysis (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Cabin heating of current electric vehicle (EV) designs is typically provided using electrical energy from the traction battery, since waste heat is not available from an engine as in the case of a conventional automobile. In very cold climatic conditions, the power required for space heating of an EV can be of a similar magnitude to that required for propulsion of the vehicle. As a result, its driving range can be reduced very significantly during the winter season, which limits consumer acceptance of EVs and results in increased battery costs to achieve a minimum range while ensuring comfort to the EV driver. To minimize the range penalty associated with EV cabin heating, a novel climate control system that includes thermal energy storage from an advanced phase change material (PCM) has been designed for use in EVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The present paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of this electrical PCM-Assisted Thermal Heating System (ePATHS) and is a companion to the paper “Design and Testing of a Thermal Storage System for Electric Vehicle Cabin Heating.” A detailed heat transfer model was developed to simulate the PCM heat exchanger that is at the heart of the ePATHS and was subsequently used to analyze and optimize its design. The results from this analysis were integrated into a MATLAB Simulink system model to simulate the fluid flow, pressure drop and heat transfer in all components of the ePATHS. The system model was then used to predict the performance of the climate control system in the vehicle and to evaluate control strategies needed to achieve the desired temperature control in the cabin. The analysis performed to design the ePATHS is described in detail and the system’s predicted performance in a vehicle HVAC system is presented.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hepatitis C Virus Resistance to Carbohydrate-Binding Agents (2016)

Carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs), including natural lectins, are more and more considered as broad-spectrum antivirals. These molecules are able to directly inhibit many viruses such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Dengue Virus, Ebola Virus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus through binding to envelope protein N-glycans. In the case of HIV, it has been shown that CBAs select for mutant viruses with N-glycosylation site deletions which are more sensitive to neutralizing antibodies. In this study we aimed at evaluating the HCV resistance to CBAs in vitro. HCV was cultivated in the presence of increasing Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA), Cyanovirin-N, Concanavalin-A or Griffithsin concentrations, during more than eight weeks. At the end of lectin exposure, the genome of the isolated strains was sequenced and several potential resistance mutations in the E1E2 envelope glycoproteins were identified. The effect of these mutations on viral fitness as well as on sensitivity to inhibition by lectins, soluble CD81 or the 3/11 neutralizing antibody was assessed. Surprisingly, none of these mutations, alone or in combination, conferred resistance to CBAs. In contrast, we observed that some mutants were more sensitive to 3/11 or CD81-LEL inhibition. Additionally, several mutations were identified in the Core and the non-structural proteins. Thus, our results suggest that in contrast to HIV, HCV resistance to CBAs is not directly conferred by mutations in the envelope protein genes but could occur through an indirect mechanism involving mutations in other viral proteins. Further investigations are needed to completely elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Enhancing the Kramers–Kronig receiver via dispersion-based spatial diversity (2020)

We report a scheme for reconstructing the complex envelope of an optical signal from two decorrelated measurements of its intensity. The decorrelation is achieved by splitting the received optical signal into two copies, and by dispersing one of the copies prior to photo detection. The reconstructed complex-valued signal is obtained by means of an iterative algorithm that requires only a few tens of iterations. The starting point of the search procedure is produced by Kramers-Kronig (KK) reconstruction. With this procedure, the continuous-wave tone that accompanies the received signal is reduced by 5 dB to 6 dB compared to the requirement of a KK receiver alone.
Precision Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Solute Control (2016)

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) remains the dominant form of renal support among critically ill patients worldwide. Current clinical practice on CRRT prescription mostly relies on high quality studies suggesting no impact of CRRT dose on critically ill patients' outcomes. Recent clinical practice guidelines have been developed based on these studies recommending a static prescribed CRRT dose of 20-25 ml/kg/h. There is a rationale for renewed attention to CRRT prescription/practice based on the concept of dynamic solute control adapted to the changing clinical needs of critically ill patients. In response, Acute Disease Quality Initiative convened a 17th consensus meeting centered on re-evaluation of CRRT. This work group developed 4 themes focused specifically on CRRT dose prescription, delivery and solute control that were summarized in a series of consensus statements, along with the identification of critical knowledge gaps. CRRT dose prescription and delivery can be based on effluent flow rate. Delivered dose should be routinely monitored to ensure coherence with prescribed dose. CRRT dose should be dynamic, in recognition of between- and within-patient variation in targeted solute control or unintended solute clearance. Quality measures specific for monitoring delivered CRRT dose have been proposed that require further validation, prior to implementation, into the practice of guiding optimal CRRT dosage.
A vector set for systematic metabolic engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2010)

A set of shuttle vectors was constructed to facilitate expression of genes for metabolic engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Selectable markers include the URA3, TRP1, MET15, LEU2-d8, HIS3 and CAN1 genes. Differential expression of genes can be achieved as each marker is available on both CEN/ARS- and 2 µ-containing plasmids. Unique restriction sites downstream of TEF1, PGK1 or HXT7-391 promoters and upstream of the CYC1 terminator allow insertion of open-reading frame cassettes for expression. Furthermore, a fragment appropriate for integration into the genome via homologous recombination can be readily generated in a polymerase chain reaction. Vector marker genes are flanked by loxP recognition sites for the CreA recombinase to allow efficient site-specific marker deletion and recycling. Expression and copy number were characterized for representative high- and low-copy vectors carrying the different marker and promoter sequences. Metabolic engineering typically requires the stable introduction of multiple genes and genomic integration is often preferred. This requires an expanded number of stable expression sites relative to standard gene expression studies. This study demonstrated the practicality of polymerase chain reaction amplification of an expression cassette and genetic marker, and subsequent replacement of endogenous retrotransposons by homologous recombination with flanking sequences. Such reporters were expressed comparably to those inserted at standard integration loci. This expands the number of available characterized integration sites and demonstrates that such sites provide a virtually inexhaustible pool of integration targets for stable expression of multiple genes. Together these vectors and expression loci will facilitate combinatorial gene expression for metabolic engineering.
Automated design of tunable impedance matching networks for reconfigurable wireless applications (2008)

In this paper, we develop a generalized automated design methodology for tunable impedance matching networks in reconfigurable wireless systems. The method simultaneously determines the fixed and tunable/switchable circuit element values in an arbitrary-order canonical filter for a general set of performance constraints over a discrete or continuous set of operating frequencies and source/load impedances. To solve the filter design problem, we combine deterministic nonlinear constrained optimization using Sequential Quadratic Programming with a systematic constraint relaxation approach to facilitate convergence. Using the proposed methodology, we successfully generate three different reconfigurable impedance matching networks with performance requirements that would be difficult to realize using manual design techniques.
Tools for Antiinflammatory Drug Design: In vitro Models of Leukocyte Migration (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Vortex dynamics investigation using an acoustic technique (1999)

A new acoustic technique using the double time-reversal mirrors system and based on geometrical acoustics, is used to study a vortical flow. The interaction between the sound and a vortex is described in details. This technique has been applied to the study of a stretched vortex. This vortex is generated by stretching the vorticity of a boundary layer in a low velocity water channel. It is shown that the velocity field can be reconstructed from the phase distortion of an ultrasonic wave. The technique gives access to a complete characterization of the vortex dynamics, such as the temporal evolution of its size, its circulation and its position.
Effect of Anaerobiosis and Nitrate on Gene Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2005)

DNA microarrays were used to examine the transcriptional response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to anaerobiosis and nitrate. In response to anaerobic growth, 691 transcripts were differentially expressed. Comparisons of P. aeruginosa grown aerobically in the presence or the absence of nitrate showed differential expression of greater than 900 transcripts.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Polyelectrolyte−Polyampholyte Complexes. Effect of Solvent Quality and Salt Concentration (2006)

Complexation between polyelectrolyte and polyampholyte chains in poor solvent conditions for the polyelectrolyte backbone has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations. In a poor solvent a polyelectrolyte forms a necklace-like structure consisting of polymeric globules (beads) connected by strings of monomers. The simulation results can be explained by assuming the existence of two different mechanisms leading to the necklace formation. In the case of weak electrostatic interactions, the necklace formation is driven by optimization of short-range monomer-monomer attraction and electrostatic repulsion between charged monomers on the polymer backbone. In the case of strong electrostatic interactions, the necklace structure appears as a result of counterion condensation. While the short-range attractions between monomers are still important, the correlation-induced attraction between condensed counterions and charged monomers and electrostatic repulsion between uncompensated charges provide significant contribution to optimization of the necklace structure. Upon forming a complex with both random and diblock polyampholytes, a polyelectrolyte chain changes its necklace conformation by forming one huge bead. The collapse of the polyelectrolyte chain occurs due to the neutralization of the polyelectrolyte charge by polyampholytes. In the case of the random polyampholyte, the more positively charged sections of the chain mix with negatively charged polyelectrolyte forming the globular bead while more negatively charged chain sections form loops surrounding the collapsed core of the aggregate. In the case of diblock polyampholyte, the positively charged block, a part of the negatively charged block, and a polyelectrolyte chain form a core of the aggregate with a substantial section of the negatively charged block sticking out from the collapsed core of the aggregate. In both cases the core of the aggregate has a layered structure that is characterized by the variations in the excess of concentration of monomers belonging to polyampholyte and polyelectrolyte chains throughout the core radius. These structures appear as a result of optimization of the net electrostatic energy of the complex and short-range attractive interactions between monomers of the polyelectrolyte chain.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Preparation of Optically Active 4‐Chloro‐1‐phenyl‐1‐butanol Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In vitro Degradation Behavior of Photopolymerized PEG Hydrogels as Tissue Engineering Scaffold (2006)

PEGDA was photopolymerized to form hydrogels under different UV light irradiation times. In order to investigate the degradation rate in vitro, the various PEGDA hydrogels were incubated in PBS solution at 37 degrees C in shaking water bath system. The physical-chemical properties such as pH values, dimension, mass and volume change, compressive strength and Young's modulus were measured. MALDI-MS and SEM were employed to evaluate the PBS solutions and corroded hydrogels after a designed period of time till 8 weeks. The results indicate that the PEGDA formed hydrogels can be tailored with prompted properties specifically for various cell-based tissue engineering needs.
Vesicular Trans-Cell Wall Transport in Fungi: A Mechanism for the Delivery of Virulence-Associated Macromolecules? (2008)

Fungal cells are encaged in rigid, complex cell walls. Until recently, there was remarkably little information regarding the trans-fungal cell wall transfer of intracellular macromolecules to the extracellular space. Recently, several studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that fungal cells utilize to secrete a wide variety of macromolecules through the cell wall. The combined use of transmission electron microscopy, serology, biochemistry, proteomics and lipidomics have revealed that the fungal pathogens Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Sporothrix schenckii, as well as the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, each produces extracellular vesicles that carry lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and pigment-like structures of unquestionable biological significance. Compositional analysis of the C. neoformans and H. capsulatum extracellular vesicles suggests that they may function as 'virulence bags', with the potential to modulate the host-pathogen interaction in favor of the fungus. The cellular origin of the extracellular vesicles remains unknown, but morphological and biochemical features indicate that they are similar to the well-described mammalian exosomes.