gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Oxidant Resistance in Weed and Crop Species (1996)

A large body of evidence has accumulated showing that plant strains that are tolerant to a particular oxidant stress have a modicum of cross-tolerance to other oxidant stresses, whether caused by transient heat, drought, cold or oxidizing air pollutants or herbicides. We have studied a multienzyme scavenging system associated with oxidant tolerance at the metabolic and molecular levels in the model systems of pea and Conyza. Data from our experimental systems suggest that both development and subcellular compartmentalization play important roles in stress tolerance. The behavior of the chloroplast may differ from that of the cytosol. Further study of these controls is needed to acquire the understanding needed to generate oxidant stress tolerant field crops.
Fabrication of the MgCxCo3 Ternary Phase Encapsulated in Carbon Nanoflasks (2003)

Carbon nanoflasks encapsulating the MgC x Co 3 ternary phase have been synthesized. Structural and compositional analyses of the encapsulated particles (see Figure) revealed that the MgC x Co 3 particles are crystalline and well protected by the covering graphene layers. The encapsulated particles exhibit mixed superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior.
Ce Concentration Dependence of Optical and Scintillation Properties for Ce Doped ${\rm LiYF}_{4}$ Single Crystals (2010)

We have investigated effects of Ce concentration on optical and scintillation properties for Ce doped LiYF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> [Ce:LiYF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ] single crystals. Li(Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> ,Ce <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> )F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> single crystals with more than 75 % transparency were grown by micro-pulling-down method in the range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03 and the crystals with x = 0.05, 0.1 had milky parts originated from remained starting materials. Photoluminescence spectra of all Ce:LiYF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> crystals indicated two emission peaks from Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion which was substituted for Y <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion site. Light yield and decay time of α-ray irradiation for Ce:LiYF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> crystals were largely affected by Ce concentration and the largest light yield was observed for the crystal with x = 0.02. In contrast, the decay time systematically became faster with an increase of Ce concentration.
Reactivation of Tuberculosis During Immunosuppressive Treatment in a Patient with a Positive QuantiFERON®-RD1 Test (2004)

A patient with polymyositis developed tuberculosis during immunosuppressive treatment. Tuberculin Skin Test and chest X-ray failed to demonstrate latent tuberculosis, whereas a blood sample that was tested with a modified QuantiFERON-TB-assay, using the recombinant ESAT-6 and CFP-10, was positive indicating that this patient was latently infected before immunosuppressive therapy. This case indicates the risk of progressing from latent to active tuberculosis given that the subject is RD1 responsive, and we believe that preventive anti-tuberculous treatment could have prevented this case of tuberculosis. We suggest that RD1 based tests are evaluated further in immunocompromised patients.
From Polarimeter to Contact Angle Goniometer - Inexpensive Conversion of Laboratory Equipment (1997)

Recent decades have brought about dramatic changes in the interests of chemical researchers. Interdisciplinary areas of chemistry such as environmental chemistry, polymer science, and material science have become important parts of the undergraduate curriculum. However, introduction of these multidisciplinary areas into classical chemistry curricula often requires acquisition of specialized analytical equipment. At the same time, more traditional characterization techniques such as polarimetry have been replaced by the routine use of FT-IR and GC-MS techniques in undergraduate organic chemistry laboratories. While such classical instruments remain serviceable, they have in many cases fallen into disuse. Here we describe a simple method whereby a polarimeter is converted into a contact angle goniometer. Contact angle goniometry is an example of a traditional analytical tool that would be an asset to any physical chemistry training and that would still be of relevance to many interdisciplinary areas. Such instrumentation provides a simple and inexpensive way to introduce and measure fundamental properties such as the surface tension of a variety of materials including metals and polymers. Contact angle measurements are indispensable in the study of adhesion, wettability, and liquid thermodynamics (1 - 3). Many experiments using such measurements can be devised for traditional physical chemistry laboratory sequences. The concept of surface energy is important in materials science, chemistry, and physics. Thus it could not only enhance students' learning but also provide them with new perspective on the fascinating field of surface chemistry and physics.
A practical variable forgetting factor recursive least-squares algorithm (2014)

In the context of adaptive filtering, the recursive least-squares (RLS) is a very popular algorithm, especially for its fast convergence rate. The most important parameter of this algorithm is the forgetting factor. It is well-known that a constant value of this parameter leads to a compromise between misadjustment and tracking. In this paper, we present a variable forgetting factor approach, aiming to better compromise between the performance criteria of the RLS algorithm. Also, we propose a practical solution to estimate the power of the system noise (in a system identification scenario), which is required within the algorithm. Experiments performed in the context of network echo cancellation support the advantages of the proposed approach.
Asymmetric Synaptic Plasticity Based on Arbitrary Pre- and Postsynaptic Timing Spikes Using Finite State Model (2007)

A new computational synaptic plasticity model is presented to embody the relative firing rates between pre-and postsynaptic spikes. The proposed synaptic plasticity model is developed in two steps. Firstly, a finite state model is used to explain diverse protocols of interactive firing spikes, in which an action is produced over state transition to change synaptic efficacy. The produced action denotes synaptic efficacy change rate reliant on a double-stochastic process. Secondly, the total synaptic efficacy update is defined as a nonlinear bounded function dependent on both synaptic efficacy change rate and previous synaptic efficacy value. The proposed synaptic efficacy model is tested experimentally and shows a high degree of similarities with biological data. The inherently determined critical timing window for pre-and-postsynaptic spike pair has a non-zero time shift for peak potentiation or depression, which agrees with the biological synaptic transmission delays in axons and dendrites. Further, numerical analysis shows that the present model is in agreement with well-accepted synaptic learning rule, BCM.
Figure S1 from Nanoconjugation of PSMA-Targeting Ligands Enhances Perinuclear Localization and Improves Efficacy of Delivered Alpha-Particle Emitters against Tumor Endothelial Analogues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effect on vesicles' targeting of the content of urea-based PSMA targeting ligand, and structure of the non active targeting construct (negative control) and of the free urea-based ligand.&lt;/p&gt;
Living bimetallic initiators for the preparation of triblock copolymers (1994)

Abstract The compound [(η‐C 3 H 5 )Ni(OC(O)CF 3 )] 2 ( I ), which has been used extensively as a butadiene polymerization catalyst and more recently as an isocyanide polymerization catalyst, has been successfully used in the preparation of polyisocyanide ‐ polybutadiene block copolymers. Since both monomer polymerizations are living, this block copolymer synthesis is highly versatile with respect to polymer segment chain lengths and the types of monomers used. Because non‐reciprocal end‐group activities prevent the preparation of triblock copolymers of the type polyisocyanide‐butadiene‐polyisocyanide, bimetallic initiators possessing two allylnickel moieties linked through a central core have been prepared and used to synthesize these desirable triblock copolymers. These materials have been characterized by using gel‐permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, 13 C NMR and scanning electron microscopy.
B104 DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNALLY CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED-BED GASIFICATION (ICFG) TECHNOLOGY (2003)

Internally Circulating Fluidized-bed Gasifire (ICFG) is composed of two chambers with different specific functions in a single furnace, one is the gasification chamber and the other is the combustion chamber. In each of these chambers, there are bed materials (quartz sand, etc.) as the fluidizing medium and they are circulating between these two chambers. Gasification residue including char is transferred from gasification chamber to combustion chamber by this bed circulation. In the combustion chamber, combustion of char supplies heat to bed materials. This heated bed materials is returned to gasification chamber and supply heat needed for pyrolysis reaction. ICFG can produce high-calorific gas from low-calorific solid fuels, such as biomass and wastes that are fed into gasification chamber, because pyrolysis gas under no-oxygen and no-nitrogen and char combustion gas are separately discharged from those chambers without mixing. Thus ICFG can realize some unique gasification process.
Spatial Diversity and Spatial Correlation Evaluation of Measured Vehicle-to-Vehicle Radio Channels at 5.2 GHz (2009)

In this contribution, we estimate the spatial diversity order and spatial correlations from channel sounder measurements of doubly-selective vehicle-to-vehicle MIMO radio channels in the 5.2 GHz band. Ivrlac and Nossek [1] have defined a diversity measure for MIMO Rayleigh fading channels which is based on the spatial correlations of the channel. Subsequently, Nabar et al. [2] have shown the existence of an SNR-dependent critical rate for Ricean fading MIMO channels below which reliable transmission with zero outage is achievable. Here, we evaluate and discuss the temporal evolution of the spatial diversity order of doubly-selective vehicle-to-vehicle MIMO radio channels from real-world measurements by extending [1] and [2] to time-variant channels.
Broader and flatter supercontinuum spectra in dispersion-tailored fibers (2002)

In summary, we find experimentally that dispersion decreasing (DD) fiber produces broader and smoother supercontinuum (SC) spectra than dispersion increasing (DI) or constant dispersion fiber. At 24.3 W peak input power, the SC spectrum of DD fiber is over 100 nm wide, over twice that created by constant dispersion fiber. The spectrum is also relatively flat over the 20-nm range from 1545-1565 nm. We will also report applications of the multiwavelength SC source to erbium doped fiber amplifiers and wavelength-division multiplexed fiber characterization.
Enhancing Network Failure Mitigation with Performance-Aware Ranking (2023)

Cloud providers install mitigations to reduce the impact of network failures within their datacenters. Existing network mitigation systems rely on simple local criteria or global proxy metrics to determine the best action. In this paper, we show that we can support a broader range of actions and select more effective mitigations by directly optimizing end-to-end flow-level metrics and analyzing actions holistically. To achieve this, we develop novel techniques to quickly estimate the impact of different mitigations and rank them with high fidelity. Our results on incidents from a large cloud provider show orders of magnitude improvements in flow completion time and throughput. We also show our approach scales to large datacenters.
Mechanism for bipolar switching in aPt/TiO2/Ptresistive switching cell (2009)

We suggest a possible mechanism for bipolar switching in a $\text{Pt}/{\text{TiO}}_{2}/\text{Pt}$ resistive switching cell in terms of electrochemical reactions involving oxygen ions/vacancies. The electrochemical reactions are considered to take place at an interface between Pt and ${\text{TiO}}_{2}$ solid electrolyte, and they modulate the Schottky barrier height at the interface. Calculation results using this proposed mechanism can explain a bipolar switching behavior and semiquantitatively describe experimental data.
Dispersion of Polymer-Grafted Nanorods in Polymer Films (2013)

Abstract not provided.
A recoverable object store (2003)

A design is presented for the storage component of a self-recovering distributed operating system. This component consists of an object manager, which maintains objects on main memory and on the disk, and a recovery layer, which incorporates a collection of highly optimized algorithms based on optimistic recovery. With optimistic recovery it is possible for a machine (or collection of machines) to present a fault-free interface to programs running on it (or them), making all data appear to be persistent. The optimizations presented make it possible to do this at a cost no higher than that of transaction systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficacy and Safety of Ranibizumab With or Without Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (2017)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01846273.
Gene Transfer to Cerebral Blood Vessels After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (1997)

The findings indicate that intracisternal injection of recombinant adenovirus can be used for gene transfer to cerebral blood vessels and overlying meninges, even in the presence of cisternal blood. We speculate that transfer of genes using recombinant viral vectors that encode for enzymes with vasodilator function to cerebral blood vessels and perivascular tissues may be useful for prevention or treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Abstract PO-009: Targeting a unique electrochemical vulnerability in a pediatric brain tumor to potentiate proton beam radiotherapy (2021)

Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant (WHO Grade IV) primary brain cancer in children, adolescents, and young adults. Radiotherapy (RT) is a mainstay of MB treatment, as it is for most childhood and adult cancers. RT dose and frequency needed to achieve efficacy in MB patients severely impacts survival outcomes and is the cause of long-term cognitive deficits. To improve on short-term side effects and long-term complications, scanning beam proton therapy is employed, when available. While this recent technological advance significantly reduces damage to surrounding healthy brain tissue, survivors continue to experience induced radiation damage, including neurocognitive sequelae. To impact survivors’ health-related quality of life and caregivers’ emotional and financial burden, it is critical to identify approaches that reduce RT dose to mitigate side-effects without impacting RT effectiveness. We are investigating targeting a unique MB electrochemical vulnerability as a means to sensitize MB tumor cells to RT. There are four MB molecular subgroups: wingless, sonic-hedgehog, Group 3, and Group 4. Our analysis of 763 MB tumor transcriptomes reveals that all Group 3 MB tumors share an enhanced expression of genes-coding for subunits of the Type-A GABA receptor (GABAAR), a chloride channel. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that GABAARs conduct Cl− in MB cells and that a brain-penetrant benzodiazepine (BZ) enhances this effect and triggers cytotoxic responses commensurate with mitochondrial depolarization. We find that BZ combined with RT, even at a sub-lethal dose, is highly effective in impairing the viability of MB tumor cells, greater than RT alone. Our BZis capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier in minutes, is metabolically stable, and showed no toxicity in a primate model. We are investigating its suitability to be used concomitant with proton beam radiotherapy, replacing standard of care vincristine, to reduce radiation-induced brain toxicity experienced by MB patients and survivors while not decreasing RT effectiveness. Citation Format: Daniel Pomeranz Krummel, Laura Kallay, Debanjan Bhattacharya, Vaibhavkumar Gawali, Kamdem T. Donatien, Taukir Ahmed, James M. Cook, Michael Lamba, Susanne Wells, Ralph E. Vatner, Mathieu Sertorio, Dan T. Ionascu, Soma Sengupta. Targeting a unique electrochemical vulnerability in a pediatric brain tumor to potentiate proton beam radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-009.
Right‐Sided Free Wall Accessory Pathway Refractory to Conventional Catheter Ablation: Lessons From 3‐Dimensional Electroanatomic Mapping (2010)

RFW APs resistant to conventional catheter ablation might be due to unique anatomic AP features such as more epicardial course at the annulus level with atrial insertion distant from the tricuspid annulus. Electroanatomic mapping is helpful to accurately localize the atrial insertion sites of these APs and facilitates catheter ablation.
Maximizing the Efficiency Cost Ratio in a CPV System via a Tolerant Optical Design (2010)

An advanced CPV concentrator with a Fresnel primary and a refractive secondary produces both high concentration with high tolerance and an excellent light homogenization. It compares well with conventional Fresnel-based CPV from both optical and cost standpoints.
Synthesis of Uridylyl (3′-5′) Uridine Derivatives Containing 5-(Methylamino-Methyl) Uridine as A Modified Nucleoside Found fromE. COLIMinor tRNAArg (1993)

Abstract 5-(Methylaminomethyl)uridine-containing uridylyl (3′-5′) uridine derivatives (14, 26, and 29), which were the original and modified sequences corresponding to the first letter (position 34) and the 5′-upper ribonucleoside (position 33) in the anticodon loop of minor tRNAArg, have been synthesized via 5-(methylaminomethyl)uridine derivatives (4 and 24).
Numerical Investigation, Including Experimental Validation, of an Axially Blown, Stable Arc in Argon (2019)

In this work we present the outcome of a numerical validation study conducted with an arc model developed within a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool. The numerical investigations were aimed at reproducing the spatially resolved temperature data obtained with an experiment in which an axially symmetric argon arc was established in the observation region. The full absorption spectrum has been computed for argon and then compressed with minimum loss of information to a relatively small set of bands. The latter has been used for solving the radiative transfer equation in a computationally affordable, yet accurate way. The comparison between the arc temperature simulated with the reduced absorption data and the measured one is presented.
“Three sources and three component parts” of free oligosaccharides (2014)

Metabolism of glycoproteins and glycolipids is accompanied by the appearance of unbound structural analogues of the carbohydrate portion of glycoconjugates or so called free oligosaccharides. There are their several sources inside the cell: 1) multistep pathways of N-glycosylation, 2) the cell quality control and ER-associated degradation of misglycosylated and/or misfolded glycoproteins, 3) lysosomal degradation of mature glycoconjugates. In this review the information about the ways of free oligosaccharides appearance in different cell compartments and details of their structures depending on the source is summarized. In addition, extracellular free oligosaccharides, their structures and changes under normal and pathological conditions are discussed.
Rewiring the microbial metabolic network for efficient utilization of mixed carbon sources (2021)

Carbon sources represent the most dominant cost factor in the industrial biomanufacturing of products. Thus, it has attracted much attention to seek cheap and renewable feedstocks, such as lignocellulose, crude glycerol, methanol, and carbon dioxide, for biosynthesis of value-added compounds. Co-utilization of these carbon sources by microorganisms not only can reduce the production cost but also serves as a promising approach to improve the carbon yield. However, co-utilization of mixed carbon sources usually suffers from a low utilization rate. In the past few years, the development of metabolic engineering strategies to enhance carbon source co-utilization efficiency by inactivation of carbon catabolite repression has made significant progress. In this article, we provide informative and comprehensive insights into the co-utilization of two or more carbon sources including glucose, xylose, arabinose, glycerol, and C1 compounds, and we put our focus on parallel utilization, synergetic utilization, and complementary utilization of different carbon sources. Our goal is not only to summarize strategies of co-utilization of carbon sources, but also to discuss how to improve the carbon yield and the titer of target products.
Systematic Cross-Linking Changes within a Self-Assembled Monolayer in a Nanogap Junction: A Tool for Investigating the Intermolecular Electronic Coupling (2010)

Here, we show that a controllable cross-linking within a self-assembled monolayer can be used as a tool for investigating the (lateral) intermolecular coupling between adjacent organic molecules. We draw this conclusion based on macroscopic electrical experiments with self-assembled hexyltrichlorosilane (HTS) having different degrees of Si-O-Si intermolecular bonds in a planar nanogap junction.
New Ionic Liquids Based on Anion Functionalization (2007)

Introduction Ionic liquids have gained wide popularity during the last decade because of their unique properties. More and more, ionic liquids are used as solvent substitutes and as innovative liquid materials in academic and industrial research laboratories. They have been applied in a broad variety of synthetic1, catalytic2, engineering3 and electrochemical applications.4 Other reported applications deal with the role of ionic liquids as active materials in sensors5 and analytical devices6 or as performance additives for paints7. In particular, their extremely low vapor pressure at ambient conditions makes ionic liquids extremely interesting for many technical purposes. Given the wide variety of different ionic liquid materials, the selection of the right cation/anion combination is a key factor for success for all different applications. In recent years some of the traditionally used "working horses", namely tetrafluoroborates and hexafluorophosphates, have been found to be of restricted suitability in practical and industrial use due to