gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A highly reliable low temperature Al-Cu line/via metallization for sub-half micrometer CMOS (1995)

We present significant advances over the current art in terms of enhanced electromigration lifetime, low temperature deposition, and improved damascene capability of Al-Cu via/line structure. The electromigration data shows that Al-Cu via/interconnect structure deposited by a new low pressure sputtering process (LPS) results in at least "9×" better electromigration lifetime (t/sub 50/) to that of conventionally used CVD W stud/Al-Cu interconnect structure. This significant improvement in the reliability may be attributed to the "breakthrough" in void-free filling of high aspect ratio (3 to 4) sub-half micrometer vias with low resistivity metal such as Al-Cu at as low temperature as room temperature. The LPS process eliminates the need of a collimator normally used to fill or coat the vias and improves throughput by a factor of 5× at least compared to collimation. The extendibility of this technique beyond 0.25 μm contact geometries is demonstrated. The integration of the LPS process, Al-Cu via/interconnects using damascene process demonstrates a working 512 K SRAM chip with 0.5 μm minimum groundrules.
Lecithin as a Therapeutic Agent in Ulcerative Colitis (2013)

Lecithin [phosphatidylcholine (PC)] was shown to account for more than 70% of total phospholipids within the intestinal mucus layer. It is arranged in lamellar membranes (surfactant-like particles) and establishes a hydrophobic barrier preventing invasion of the colonic commensal microbiota. In ulcerative colitis (UC), the mucus PC content was demonstrated to be reduced by about 70%, irrespective of the presence of inflammation. This may be of primary pathogenetic significance allowing bacteria to enter the mucus and induce mucosal inflammation. Therefore, a new therapeutic strategy is being developed to substitute the missing mucus PC content in UC. Indeed, a delayed-release PC formulation was able to compensate the lack of PC and improve the inflammatory activity. In randomized controlled studies, delayed-release PC was proven to be clinically and endoscopically effective, which now awaits a phase III authority approval trial.
Raman Amplification Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibers (2006)

In this paper, we address Raman amplification properties of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), by incorporating an efficient full-vectorial finite element method combined with Runge-Kutta equations. The effect of the structural parameter's variations on the performance of the PCF based Raman amplifier (PCFRA) is extensively studied. Maximum gain of 9 dB and the lowest double Rayleigh backscattering of −53 dB can be obtained for the PCFRA with the lowest loss of 0.37 dB/km at 1.55 μm wavelength.
Mechanisms of Surface Flashover Along Solid Dielectrics in Compressed Gases: a Review (1986)

Surface flashover in compressed-gas insulated systems is a much studied, but poorly explained phenomenon. In this paper we review the literature of surface flashover with primary emphasis on the understanding of physical processes leading to discharge initiation and insulator flashover under high voltage excitation. The flashover models presently in vogue will first be discussed, followed by the results of some recent experiments which are likely to have an impact on further modeling. Included in this context are phenomena such as ionization, surface charging, partial discharges, optical activity, and gas/dielectric interactions. Finally, the influence of system parameters such as insulator size, shape, surface condition, triple junction geometry, voltage waveform, gas formulation and particle contamination are discussed with regard to their effect on the flashover characteristics. Mechanisms are suggested in an effort to provide a physical explanation for the observed phenomena. Although the physics of the discharge initiation and propagation processes are presently not well understood, and the present models only account for a few of the mechanisms known to be important in the discharge development, all the work points to an interaction between the spacer and the various electron/photon processes in the surrounding gas volume. This interaction has not been accounted for in the discharge models proposed to date. Further modeling work should incorporate these interactions and the intrinsic properties of the dielectric ric which are related to these interactions. More basic research is suggested to provide a better understanding of the physics of the discharge initiation and breakdown phenomena.
Localization and secretion of tissue kallikrein in peptidoglycan-induced enterocolitis in Lewis rats (1998)

The plasma kallikrein-kinin system is a mediator of intestinal inflammation induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide from group A streptococci (PG-APS) in rats. In this study we investigated the participation of intestinal tissue kallikrein (ITK). Lewis rats were injected intramurally with PG-APS. ITK was visualized by immunohistochemical staining. Cecal ITK concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay, and gene expression was evaluated by RNase protection assay. Kallikrein-binding protein (KBP) was evaluated in plasma by ELISA. Tissue kallikrein was identified in cecal goblet cells in both control and PG-APS-injected rats and in macrophages forming granulomas in inflamed tissues. Cecal ITK was significantly lower in acute and chronic phases of inflammation and in supernatant from in vitro cultures of inflamed cecum. ITK mRNA levels were not significantly different. Plasma KBP levels were significantly reduced in inflamed rats. The presence of tissue kallikrein in macrophages suggests participation in experimental colitis. The decrease of ITK in the inflamed intestine associated with unchanged mRNA levels suggests ITK release during intestinal inflammation.
SFDR Improvement Algorithms for Current-Steering DACs (2015)

This paper presents algorithms for improving spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of current-steering digital-to-analog converters (DACs) — targeted at communication applications — by minimizing both current-source mismatches and glitches. Conventional segmented current-steering DACs suffer from static mismatches among current sources which cause nonlinearity and degrade SFDR, though glitch energy is relatively small. The data-weighted averaging (DWA) algorithm can reduce static current source mismatch effects, but it increases the effects of glitch energy. Here we investigate the use of both conventional Switching-Sequence Post-Adjustment (SSPA) calibration and One–Element-Shifting (OES) methods in order to reduce the effects of both nonlinearity and glitch energy. For further improvement, we propose and investigate a fully-digital combined algorithm to reduce static current source mismatch effects with minimal increase in the glitch energy. We also did simulations of the effect of combining these two compensation methods. Our MATLAB simulations show that the combined algorithm can improve SFDR performance by 24 dB, 22dB and 2dB compared to conventional thermometer-coded, one-element-shifting and SSPA methods respectively in some conditions. When we take current mismatch into account, the combined algorithm causes glitch energy to increase by only 0.02 to 0.2 % compared to the other three methods alone.
Blending SQL and NewSQL Approaches: Reference Architectures for Enterprise Big Data Challenges (2013)

As it becomes ever more pervasively engaged in data driven commerce, a modern enterprise becomes increasingly dependent upon reliable and high speed transaction services. At the same time it aspires to capitalize upon large inflows of information to draw timely business insights and improve business results. These two imperatives are frequently in conflict because of the widely divergent strategies that must be pursued: the need to bolster on-line transactional processing generally drives a business towards a small cluster of high-end servers running a mature, ACID compliant, SQL relational database, while high throughput analytics on massive and growing volumes of data favor the selection of very large clusters running non-traditional (NoSQL/NewSQL) databases that employ softer consistency protocols for performance and availability. This paper describes an approach in which the two imperatives are addressed by blending the two types (scale-up and scale-out) of data processing. It breaks down data growth that enterprises experience into three classes-Chronological, Horizontal, and Vertical, and picks out different approaches for blending SQL and NewSQL platforms for each class. To simplify application logic that must comprehend both types of data platforms, the paper describes two new capabilities: (a) a data integrator to quickly sift out updates that happen in an RDBMS and funnel them into a NewSQL database, and (b) extensions to the Hibernate-OGM framework that reduce the programming sophistication required for integrating HBase and Hive back ends with application logic designed for relational front ends. Finally the paper details several instances in which these approaches have been applied in real-world, at a number of software vendors with whom the authors have collaborated on design, implementation and deployment of blended solutions.
Genetic and Rare Disease of the CNS. Part I: Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTGenetic and Rare Disease of the CNS. Part I: Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI)Craig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2017, 8, 12, 2570–2572Publication Date (Web):December 20, 2017Publication History Published online20 December 2017Published inissue 20 December 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00463https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00463editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views7802Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (455 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Central nervous system,Chemical neuroscience,Genetics,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Controlling line-edge rougness to within reasonable limits (2003)

The 2001 edition of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors establishes line-edge roughness (LER) requirements for patterned resist lines. Little is known, however, about how LER affects device performance or about how much LER is acceptable for a given technology. Our work seeks to answer these questions by combining process modeling, three-dimensional (3D) device modeling, and experiment to investigate the amount of LER that can be varied by process conditions and the levels to which LER must be controlled. Our process models show the expected trade-offs between resist diffusion, LER, and resolution, and they show that much of the high-frequency, high-amplitude roughness can be reduced through appropriate etch and implant diffusion processes. The low-frequency roughness, on the other hand, is much harder to eliminate. Experimentally, we have found that the aerial image quality and the etch process have the largest effect on the edge roughness transferred to polysilicon lines, and the roughness after etch is distributed over a broad range of frequencies. The 3D device models indicate that the amount of roughness that gets transferred to the junctions will dominate the electrical behavior, and the effects will likely be different for PMOS devices than NMOS devices.
Effective reinforcement learning through evolutionary surrogate-assisted prescription (2020)

There is now significant historical data available on decision making in organizations, consisting of the decision problem, what decisions were made, and how desirable the outcomes were. Using this data, it is possible to learn a surrogate model, and with that model, evolve a decision strategy that optimizes the outcomes. This paper introduces a general such approach, called Evolutionary Surrogate-Assisted Prescription, or ESP. The surrogate is, for example, a random forest or a neural network trained with gradient descent, and the strategy is a neural network that is evolved to maximize the predictions of the surrogate model. ESP is further extended in this paper to sequential decision-making tasks, which makes it possible to evaluate the framework in reinforcement learning (RL) benchmarks. Because the majority of evaluations are done on the surrogate, ESP is more sample efficient, has lower variance, and lower regret than standard RL approaches. Surprisingly, its solutions are also better because both the surrogate and the strategy network regularize the decision making behavior. ESP thus forms a promising foundation to decision optimization in real-world problems.
Identification of the Binding Site for an Alloantibody to von Willebrand Factor which Inhibits Binding to Glycoprotein Ib within the Amino-terminal Region Flanking the A1 Domain (1999)

An alloantibody to von Willebrand factor (vWF) which developed in a Japanese boy with type 3 von Willebrand disease has been characterized. The antibody was non-precipitating IgG and the main subclasses were IgG2 and IgG4. The antibody inhibited completely ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA) and high shear stress-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA). Its predominant inhibitory role was focused, therefore, on the interaction between vWF and platelet gycoprotein Ib. The antibody reacted with a 52/48 kDa tryptic fragment of vWF (residues 449-728). No reaction was seen, however, with either a 39/34 kDa dispase fragment (480-718) or a recombinant vWF fragment (residues 465-728). These findings suggested that the essential epitope resided in the amino-terminal flanking region of the Al domain. We synthesized overlapping peptides corresponding to the region containing D3/A1 boundary. A peptide, residues 458-472, bound to the antibody and dose-dependently blocked the antibody binding to the 52/48 kDa fragment. The same peptide neutralized the inhibitory effect of the alloantibody on SIPA. The data are consistent with the presence of an epitope within residues 458-472 which reacted with the 52/48 kDa fragment. Furthermore, the specific component of the antibody, directed against residues 458-472, blocked vWF binding to GPIb in absence of exogenous agonist. Our results suggest that the region flanking the Al domain plays an important role in regulating vWF binding to GPIb.
Interleukin 6 Accelerates Mortality by Promoting the Progression of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Like Disease of BXSB.Yaa Mice (2016)

IL6 is a multifunctional cytokine that drives terminal B cell differentiation and secretion of immunoglobulins. IL6 also cooperates with IL21 to promote differentiation of CD4+ T follicular helper cells (TFH). Elevated serum levels of IL6 correlate with disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously reported that IL21 produced by TFH plays a critical role in the development of the SLE-like disease of BXSB.Yaa mice. To examine the possible contributions of IL6 to disease, we compared disease parameters in IL6-deficient and IL6-competent BXSB.Yaa mice. We report that survival of IL6-deficient BXSB.Yaa mice was significantly prolonged in association with significant reductions in a variety of autoimmune manifestations. Moreover, B cells stimulated by co-engagement of TLR7 and B cell receptor (BCR) produced high levels of IL6 that was further augmented by stimulation with Type I interferon (IFN1). Importantly, the frequencies of TFH and serum levels of IL21 were significantly reduced in IL6-deficient mice. These findings suggest that high-level production of IL6 by B cells induced by integrated signaling from the IFN1 receptor, TLR7 and BCR promotes the differentiation of IL21-secreting TFH in a signaling sequence that drives the lethal autoimmune disease of BXSB.Yaa mice.
Intermittent turbulence in flowing bacterial suspensions (2016)

Dense suspensions of motile bacteria, possibly including the human gut microbiome, exhibit collective dynamics akin to those observed in classic, high Reynolds number turbulence with important implications for chemical and biological transport, yet this analogy has remained primarily qualitative. Here, we present experiments in which a dense suspension of Bacillus subtilis bacteria was flowed through microchannels and the velocity statistics of the flowing suspension were quantified using a recently developed velocimetry technique coupled with vortex identification methods. Observations revealed a robust intermittency phenomenon, whereby the average velocity profile of the suspension fluctuated between a plug-like flow and a parabolic flow profile. This intermittency is a hallmark of the onset of classic turbulence and Lagrangian tracking revealed that it here originates from the presence of transient vortices in the active, collective motion of the bacteria locally reinforcing the externally imposed flow. These results link together two entirely different manifestations of turbulence and show the potential of the microfluidic approach to mimic the environment characteristic of certain niches of the human microbiome.
Development of an LC-MRM-MS-Based Candidate Reference Measurement Procedure for Standardization of Serum Apolipoprotein (a) Tests (2023)

A robust, antibody-independent, MS-based cRMP was developed as higher order RMP and an essential part of the apo(a) traceability chain and future RMS. The cRMP fulfils predefined analytical performance specifications, making it a promising RMP candidate in an SI-traceable MS-based RMS for apo(a).
Supplementary Data from Intertumoral Heterogeneity of CD3<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Cell Densities in the Microenvironment of DNA Mismatch-Repair–Deficient Colon Cancers: Implications for Prognosis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3 Backward selection to identify T-cell subtype(s) independently associated with overall survival in mismatch-repair deficient stage III colon cancers&lt;/p&gt;
Profiling Kinase Activities by Using a Peptide Chip and Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Masse als Erkennungskriterium: Mit einer Methode, die Peptidchips und MALDI-TOF-Massenspektrometrie (MS) kombiniert, lassen sich Kinasen simultan analysieren. Dabei werden selbstorganisierte Monoschichten verwendet, die einen Satz von Peptiden präsentieren, von denen jedes für eine Kinase selektiv ist. Die Kinase phosphoryliert das Peptid, was dessen Masse ändert. Dies lässt sich durch MS-Analyse der Oberfläche Peptid für Peptid nachweisen.
Validation of IHC4 algorithms for prediction of risk of recurrence in early breast cancer using both conventional and quantitative IHC approaches. (2012)

517 Background: Hormone receptors, HER2 and Ki67 are residual risk markers in early breast cancer. Combining these markers into a unified algorithm (IHC4) provides information on residual recurrence risk of patients treated with hormone therapies. This study aimed to independently investigate the validity of the IHC4 algorithm for residual risk prediction using both conventional (DAB)-IHC and quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF-AQUA). Methods: The TEAM pathology study recruited &gt;4500 samples from patients treated in the TEAM trial. TMAs were stained for ER, PgR, HER2 and Ki67 using QIF-AQUA technology or DAB-based immunohistochemistry (DAB-IHC). Central HER2 FISH was performed. Quantitative image analysis was used to generate expression scores that were normalized to produce “IHC4 algorithm” as well as novel algorithm scores. Algorithm scores were compared with disease recurrence in univariate and multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards models. Results: Both DAB-IHC and QIF-AQUA IHC4 continuous models were significant (P&lt;0.0001) for prediction of disease recurrence with a continuous Hazard Ratio (HR) of 1.011 (1.010 – 1.013) for QIF-AQUA IHC4 versus 1.008 (1.007 – 1.010) for the DAB-IHC IHC4 model using the published IHC4 algorithm (Cuzick et al 2011). Binning continuous model scores (4 bins) by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to graphically illustrate these effects. De novo models for both DAB-IHC and QIF-AQUA were also significantly (P&lt;0.0001) predictive of residual risk in early breast cancer. Additionally, all 4 models were independent predictors of recurrence (P&lt;0.0001) with other recognized clinical prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. Although results from DAB and QIF-AQUA were modestly correlated, the QIF-AQUA model showed enhanced prediction of recurrence in both Cox Proportional Hazards Modeling and C-index calculations. Conclusions: Either conventional DAB or QIF-AQUA methods of IHC provided evidence supporting the clinical utility of IHC4 algorithms in the context of the TEAM study. With careful standardization, either of these IHC4 assays should be considered for prediction of residual risk in early breast cancer.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Episomal Expression of Truncated Listeriolysin O in LmddA-LLO–E7 Vaccine Enhances Antitumor Efficacy by Preferentially Inducing Expansions of CD4<sup>+</sup>FoxP3<sup>−</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 77K&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: SINGLE CRYSTAL NEUTRON DIFFRACTION INVESTIGATION OF ERBIUM BORIDE (ERB4) (1981)

Abstract Zur exakten Bestimmung der Lage‐ und anisotropen Temp.‐Parameter werden an ErB 4 ‐Einkristallen (dargestellt nach der Al‐Flux‐Methode mit dem nichtabsorbierenden Isotop 11B) Neutronenbeugungsmessungen durchgeführt.
A reconfigurable topology scheme for a wireless ad-hoc community network (1999)

This paper discusses a reconfigurable wireless network topology scheme for the purpose of adapting flexibly to unpredictably variable and unevenly distributed traffic and also utilizing network resources efficiently over radio frequencies, for application to a wireless ad-hoc community network. This paper presents the principle, control method and effects for the scheme and shows the experimental results of trial systems in which the fundamental functions of the scheme have been implemented.
A single step process for the synthesis of antigen laden thermosensitive microparticles (2009)

Recent insights in vaccine delivery point out a distinct benefit for antigen to be delivered in a microparticulate form to professional antigen presenting cells. Encapsulation technology to produce antigen laden microparticles often requires complex handlings involving the use of organic solvents, chemical reactivity and/or high shear forces. These issues impair the practical and economical feasibility of such delivery systems. In this paper, we introduce a novel concept for the encapsulation of antigen within microparticles, making use of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of a thermosensitive carrier polymer. Particle fabrication and characterization is demonstrated as well as their uptake by dendritic cells.