gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave Stimulation of Energetic Al-Based Nanoparticle Composites for Ignition Modulation (2022)

Although electromagnetic stimulation promises safe and controlled ignition of energetic materials, ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) wavelength sources experience significant photon attenuations in energetic materials. Conversely, radiation in microwave frequencies is recognized for instantaneous volumetric heating capabilities. However, many energetics are poor microwave heaters, and to accelerate the heating, recent efforts focused on adding microwave susceptors that do not participate in the energetic reaction. This is the first effort to demonstrate that nanoscale aluminum (nAl)/manganese oxide (MnOx) can be rapidly heated at rates ∼104 °C/s under microwave radiation without addition of inert microwave susceptors. Detailed analysis of nanoscale MnOx was performed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples of MnOx at different loadings of nAl were three-dimensionally (3D) printed into composite films and tested with a microwave applicator at a 2.45 GHz frequency. Infrared thermometry experiments showed that with an increase in MnOx content the heating rate in the samples increases by orders of magnitude. Computational modeling based on the dielectric and thermophysical properties of the materials showed that an electric field is the dominant mechanism accounting for ∼96% of the heating of the nAl/MnOx composites at microwave frequencies. The microwave ignition mechanism was deconvoluted via high-speed IR imaging, in situ time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (TOFMS), temperature-jump (T-jump), and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) analysis. The results show that microwave stimulation can effectively heat and control ignition in nAl-based thermites with MnOx, where the oxidizer acts dually as a microwave susceptor and an ignition driver.
Trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequence by DNA viruses. (1986)

To investigate whether DNA viruses can augment gene expression of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cotransfection experiments were carried out in which a recombinant plasmid containing the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene was transfected into cultured cells along with plasmids containing DNA from various distinct classes of DNA viruses. Molecular clones containing JC virus, BK virus, lymphotropic papovavirus, bovine papilloma virus, type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), and varicella-zoster virus sequences increased CAT expression directed by the HIV LTR. Trans-activation of the HIV LTR varied in different cell lines, but in each case the HIV tat gene product elicited the greatest stimulation. Primer-extension assays specific for HIV LTR mRNA revealed increased levels of steady-state RNA following transfection with HIV tat as well as with several of the DNA viruses. Virus-specific RNA expression paralleled the stimulation of CAT activity. More-than-additive effects were observed at both the RNA and protein levels when tat plus type 1 herpes simplex virus DNAs or tat plus JC virus DNAs were transfected into cells with the HIV LTR-CAT plasmid. These data suggest that coinfection of cells by HIV and some DNA viruses can stimulate the expression of HIV.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation with Monodentate Ligands. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reduction of Nitric Oxide-Mediated &gamma;-Amino Butyric Acid Release in Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Is Involved in Superoxide-Induced Sympathoexcitation of Hypertensive Rats (2012)

The findings suggest that reduction of NO-mediated GABA release in the RVLM is partly involved in superoxide-induced sympathoexcitation of SHRSP.
Relationship between Chemical Gradient and Line Edge Roughness of Chemically Amplified Extreme Ultraviolet Resist (2010)

We investigated the relationship between line edge roughness (LER) and the concentration gradient of chemical compounds that determines the solubility of the resist (chemical gradient). Two-dimensional (half-pitch and exposure dose) matrices of resist line width and LER were analyzed on the basis of the sensitization mechanisms of chemically amplified resists for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The latent images of resist patterns were successfully reproduced by assuming that LER is inversely proportional to the chemical gradient. The product of LER and normalized chemical gradient was 0.31.
Teaching laser dynamics and optical communication systems using a standard system simulator (2002)

We introduce a new attractive approach for the teaching of the dynamic behavior of the semiconductor laser diode. This approach is based on the development of a lab experiment/assignment in which the student constructed a model for the laser diode behavior using a standard simulator. Once this model is developed it could be used with other simulator elements to study the static and dynamic characteristics of the laser diode. In addition, this model could be also integrated in a complete optical communication system to simulate its overall performance.
Foam – A Unique Topical Drug Delivery System (2013)

Topical therapy is one of the foundations of a dermatologist's therapeutic tools as it is used for symptomatic relief, control, or cure of the underlying disease. The vehicles used to deliver topical therapy can considerably influence drug performance. The vehicle can have direct effects on disease; it can affect the delivery of the active agent, its physical appearance and contribute to sensory properties which affect compliance. While semi-solid compositions such as creams, lotions, gels and ointments are commonly used by consumers, new forms are desirable in order to achieve better control of the application, improve skin absorption and maintain or bestow the beneficial properties of such topical products.
1,1′-Disubstituted Ferrocenes as Molecular Hinges in Mono- and Bivalent Dopamine Receptor Ligands (2009)

On the basis of previous work on dopaminergic partial agonists of type 1 and 2, disubstituted ferrocenes are presented as valuable arene bioisosteres. Because substituents at the distal cyclopentadienyl ring are able to adjust the relative disposition that is required for ligand binding, disubstituted ferrocenes can act as molecular hinges. Taking advantage of click chemistry, the regioselective construction and functionalization of the target molecules is reported. Thus triazole derived appendages were used for the fine-tuning of biological activity and for the attachment of linker units generating bivalent GPCR ligands. Receptor binding was evaluated by radioligand displacement experiments, revealing superaffinity with sub- to single-digit nanomolar K(i) values for particular test compounds. As a neutral antagonist at the dopamine receptors D3 and D4 and a potent partial agonist at the D2 subtype (intrinsic activity = 57%, EC(50) = 2.5 nM), the bifunctional ferrocene 10b revealed a novel and unique activity profile.
PO-476 Increased ERK phosphorylation as a candidate driver of resistance to the experimental cancer drug AT13148 (2018)

Introduction The AGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases comprises a number of drug targets with therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancer. AT13148 is an ATP competitive AGC kinase inhibitor, currently in phase 1 clinical trials, with activity against several members of the AGC kinase family, including ROCK 1/2, AKT, and p70S6K. The development of acquired drug resistance in the clinic is an issue with many kinase inhibitors. Elucidating acquired mechanisms of resistance early in the development of an experimental cancer drug may therefore provide opportunities to circumvent or overcome resistance and offer opportunities for new target drug discovery. The aim of this project was therefore to develop preclinical models of AT13148 resistance and identify potential driver mechanisms prior to clinical emergence. Material and methods Dose-escalation of AT13148 was used to generate resistance in the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line, with isogenic cloning subsequently used to isolate resistant sub-clones. Combination assays and cross-profiling with a panel of compounds were performed using a 96 hour sulforhodamine B (SRB) cell viability assay. Investigations of changes in cell signalling pathways were conducted using a range of techniques including western blot analysis. Results and discussions Isogenic AT13148 resistant sub-clones exhibited between 8 and 21-fold resistance to AT13148. No changes in ROCK, AKT and p70S6K signalling were detected in these sub-clones versus parental cells. However, there were stark differences in MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase) signalling; increased ERK 1/2 phosphorylation concurrent with a decrease in MEK 1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, two of the resistant sub-clones were sensitised to AT13148 on exposure to the ERK inhibitor GDC-0994, implicating ERK as a driver of resistance. These sub-clones also exhibited cross-resistance to MEK inhibitors (PD-0325901 and selumetinib), with ERK phosphorylation also shown to be refractory to PD-0325901. Loss of MKP-3 expression, an ERK 1/2 phosphatase, was subsequently detected in these AT13148 resistant sub-clones and is hypothesised as a potential mechanism of increased ERK phosphorylation and therefore resistance. Conclusion The loss of the phosphatase MKP-3 and subsequent increase in ERK phosphorylation is a candidate mechanism of resistance to AT13148 and warrants further investigation.
Interlacing of Non-Uniform Doppler Waveforms and Metric Space Geometry of Negative Curvature (2011)

In this chapter an advanced Doppler processing technique has been proposed, based on covariance matrix CFAR, that is itself based on an innovative mathematical tool (information geometry and geometry of Bruhat-Tits metric space) that provides explicit equations for computing: the robust distance between covariance matrices, the geometric mean of two covariance matrices, and Karcher&apos;s barycenter of N covariance matrices.Use of metric space and negative curvature space in place of normed and flat space to manipulate Hermitian positive definite covariance matrices could drastically improve the performance of classical signal processing algorithms, and improve the robustness of Doppler processing for sparse Doppler waveforms (based on regular non-uniform Doppler bursts).
Ion Beam Nanosculpting and Materials Science with Single Nanopores (2009)

Work is reported in these areas: Nanopore studies; Ion sculpting of metals; High energy ion sculpting; Metrology of nanopores with single wall carbon nanotube probes; Capturing molecules in a nanopore; Strand separation in a nanopore; and DNA molecules and configurations in solid-state nanopores.
Development of radiodetection systems towards miniaturised quality control of PET and SPECT radiopharmaceuticals (2016)

The ability to detect radiation in microfluidic devices is important for the on-chip analysis of radiopharmaceuticals, but previously reported systems have largely suffered from various limitations including cost, complexity of fabrication, and insufficient sensitivity and/or speed. Here, we present the use of sensitive, low cost, small-sized, commercially available silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for the detection of radioactivity inside microfluidic channels fabricated from a range of conventional microfluidic chip substrates. We demonstrate the effects of chip material and thickness on the detection of the positron-emitting isotope, [(18)F]fluoride, and find that, while the SiPMs are light sensors, they are able to detect radiation even through opaque chip materials via direct positron and gamma (γ) ray interaction. Finally, we employed the SiPM platform for analysis of the PET (positron emission tomography) radiotracers 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) and [(68)Ga]gallium-citrate, and highlight the ability to detect the γ ray emitting SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) radiotracer, [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate.
Treatment of recalcitrant warts with occlusive warming patches. (2014)

Prior studies have identified local heat therapy as a treatment for recalcitrant warts. We have employed a thermal pad that raises local temperature to 42-43ºC for at least 2 hours in a proof of concept study of three patients with recalcitrant warts. The recalcitrant warts cleared in all three patients beginning in the fourth and fifth weeks after daily treatment with the pads. There were no adverse events. We conclude that the timing of clearance following use of these thermal pads is likely via direct viral killing and immunologic mechanisms. Further controlled trials are underway.
Synthesis of Neutral, Water-Soluble Calix[4]arenes (1997)

Novel neutral water-soluble calix[4]arenes were synthesized via chlorosulfonylation of lower rim functionalized calix[4]arenes followed by reaction with hydroxyl group containing amines. The solubility of these calix[4]arenes sulfonamides in water varies from ∼ 10-5 to 3.1⋅10-1 M. A route via hydrophobically protected amines improves the purification.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Hardness of Ti-Mo-N Films Deposited by RF Reactive Magnetron Sputtering (2010)

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of Ti-Mo-N films were investigated for various N contents. Ti-Mo-N films were deposited onto a AISI304 stainless steel substrate by reactive RF magnetron sputtering in a mixture of argon (7.5 ccm) and nitrogen (0–2.0 ccm) gases using a Ti50Mo50 target. X-ray analysis of the as-deposited films indicated that the main phases of the Ti-Mo-N film produced at nitrogen gas flow rates of (fN2)≤0.2 ccm and >0.3 ccm were bcc-(Ti,Mo) and δ-(Ti,Mo)N phase, respectively. As-deposited films were heat treated in an argon atmosphere at 300–1100°C for 30 min. Hardness was measured using a nanoindentation system. There was almost no change in the hardness of the Ti-Mo-N films deposited at fN2=2.0 ccm after heat treatment. In contrast, the hardness of the films deposited at fN2=0.2 and 0.3 ccm was significantly increased by heat treatment at temperatures higher than 900°C. In particular, the film deposited at fN2=0.3 ccm showed a maximum hardness of approximately 35 GPa by heat treatment at 1000°C for 30 min. X-ray measurements and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated that the increment of hardness in the Ti-Mo-N film deposited at fN2=0.3 ccm was due to the formation of a bcc-(Ti,Mo) phase in a δ-(Ti,Mo)N phase.
Development of Thermally Evolved Gas Analysis by Mass Spectrometry (2008)

Evolved gas analysis by mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) is well known as one of the thermal analysis methods for measuring the thermal behavior of evolved gases from a sample as a function of the temperature, which is controlled by a predetermined heating program. Presently, this method is recognized as a powerful tool for understanding the thermal pathways of materials. Since MS is a vacuum technique, in previous studies, many problems existed due to trade-offs between minimizing pyrolysate condensations and maximizing sample temperature/physicochemical measurement accuracy by efficient coupling of thermal systems with mass analyzers. In order to resolve these problems, several types of EGA-MS equipped with interface systems, which consist of capillary type and skimmer-type structures, have been developed successfully and investigated satisfactorily. This study can be summarized as follows: 1) A capillary interface structure that connects a sample chamber and a vacuum chamber for a simultaneous thermogravimetry mass spectrometry (TG-MS) system was modified to overcome condensation and memory effects and improve maintenance significantly. The effect of humidity on thermal decomposition of a sample was identified by TG-MS equipped with a specially designed furnace to prevent water condensation coupled with a humidity generator for adjusting the water vapor pressure in the atmosphere. 2) The applicability of EGA-MS using a skimmer interface system was expanded by adapting a pressure control function (PCF), which was devised for improving the serious structural disadvantage of the skimmer interface system. 3) Sample-controlled thermogravimetry (SCTG), by which the sample temperature is varied to maintain a constant rate of mass loss by controlling the furnace heating, has been successfully developed and applied to TG-MS. The demonstrated data proved that this novel feature improves the resolution and enhances the accuracy of identification and quantification, even for materials decomposing by consecutive reactions. 4) EGA-MS systems equipped with a photoionization (PI) attachment using a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) deuterium discharge lamp as photon source have been developed successfully. It is proposed that the unique PI mass spectra obtained in real time by EGA-PIMS can satisfactorily characterize the decomposition products by only parent ions with no contribution as a result of fragmentation during ionization. The design and construction of EGA-MS systems and their valuable applications are described briefly.
Induction of Fas Ligand Expression by an Acutely Lethal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, SIVsmmPBj14 (1998)

Simian immunodeficiency virus strain PBj14, SIVsmmPBj14, is unique among primate lentiviruses in its ability to trigger the proliferation of resting simian lymphocytes and to cause the rapid death of experimentally inoculated pigtailed macaques. Severe enteropathy, immune activation, and extensive apoptosis, particularly within gut-associated lymphoid tissue, characterize the acute disease syndrome associated with SIVsmmPBj14 infection. In the present study, we examined whether the ability of this virus to cause widespread apoptosis might be linked to the up-regulation of Fas ligand (CD95L) expression in virally infected cells. In vitro studies revealed that expression of the viral Nef protein, in the absence of any other viral gene product, was sufficient to up-regulate the transcriptional activity of the CD95L promoter and to cause cell surface expression of Fas ligand. This up-regulation was NFAT dependent (inhibited by cyclosporin A) and did not occur in cells that expressed a mutated derivative of the viral Nef protein, lacking a previously defined immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. These findings were corroborated by analysis of tissue sections from virally infected macaques. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Fas ligand expression was efficiently up-regulated in the GALT of animals that had been experimentally infected with wild-type SIVsmmPBj14 but not in animals that were infected with a nonacutely pathogenic viral mutant lacking the Nef ITAM. Taken together, these results suggest that the ability of SIVsmmPBj14 to cause acutely lethal disease and to up-regulate FasL expression may be linked. Additional studies will be required to determine whether the induction of FasL expression is in itself important for acute disease pathogenesis.
Electrical Storm Presages Nonsudden Death (2001)

Electrical storm is an important, independent marker for subsequent death among ICD recipients, particularly in the first 3 months after its occurrence. However, the development of VT/VF unrelated to electrical storm does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of subsequent death.
Influence of blood-brain barrier permeability on O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine uptake in rat gliomas. (2017)

Despite a considerable reduction of BBB permeability in rat gliomas after Dex treatment, no relevant changes of <sup>18</sup>F-FET uptake were noted in this experimental study. Thus, <sup>18</sup>F-FET uptake in gliomas appears to be widely independent of the permeability of the BBB.
Chapter 16. Automation of Acute Care Pharmacy Operations (2010)

1. Describe the role of the National Drug Code and other coding in automated drug identification. 2. Identify the types of automation available to automate medication distribution. 3. Identify steps in the fulfillment portion of the medication use process that can be automated. 4. Identify regulatory requirements around operation of medication distribution automation. 5. Describe non-technical implementation details for automation of operations. One of the key benefits of pharmacy automation has been the advent of computer-controlled equipment to automate processes that were traditionally performed by pharmacists and technicians traversing the pharmacy, paper in hand, fulfilling requests for the dispensing and distribution of medications.
Fuel Effects on Knock, Heat Release and “CARS” Temperatures in a Spark Ignition Engine (1995)

ABSTRACT Net heat release, knock characteristics and temperature were derived from in-cylinder pressure and end-gas CARS measurements for different fuels in a single-cylinder engine. The maximum net heat release rate resulting from the final phase of autoignition is closely associated with knock intensity. Aromatic fuels have lower maximum heat release rates and lower knock intensities than expected from their octane number when compared to paraffinic fuels; this is observed even when there is significant heating of the end-gas from pre-flame reactions. Leaner mixtures have tower combustion rates so that pressure development is slowed and hence ignition needs to be more advanced to get knock to occur as frequently as in a richer mixture. However, for a given frequency of knock occurrence, there is no significant difference in peak net heat release rates and hence in knock intensities for different mixture strengths.
Electrophoresis technology experiment MA-011 (1976)

Experiment MA-011, electrophoresis technology, was designed to test electrophoresis hardware that would continue the development of technology for electrophoretic separation of materials in the near zero g environment of space. The experimental hardware generally functioned as planned. Frozen live cells were successfully transported into space, electrophoretic processing was performed, and viable cells were returned to earth. A separation of the three types of fixed red blood cells (rabbit, human, and horse) was demonstrated. The human lymphocytes, however, showed no apparent migration. The separation of human kidney cells produced the most exciting data. Analysis shows electrophoretic separation throughout the entire column with at least four bands of viable cells. The isotachophoresis experiment definitely demonstrated the isotachophoretic separation of biological cells in a near zero g environment.
Comparison of VLS grown Si NW tunnel FETs with different gate stacks (2009)

In the present work we demonstrate the fabrication of tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) based on VLS grown silicon nanowires (Si NWs). We have integrated two different gate stacks, a conventional one using SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and a HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> high-k gate stack. The use of a high-k gate dielectric markedly improves the TFET performance in terms of average slope and on-current, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> . Furthermore, we investigate the low-temperature behaviour of the TFETs.