gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shigella Invasion of Host Cells and Escape from Autophagy (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Shigella Invasion of Epithelia Shigella Disseminate among Epithelial Cells Shigella Infection Elicits an Inflammatory Response Shigella that do not Produce IcsB Undergo Autophagic Degradation Shigella VirG is a Target for Autophagy, but is Camouflaged by its IcsB Perspective References
Printable Planar Dielectric Antennas (2015)

Thick film screen-printing technology is employed to introduce planar dielectric antennas. The micron-size-thick film is made from high-permittivity dielectric paste, which is printed on a low-loss low-permittivity microwave substrate to operate as a magnetic wall boundary. A simplified theoretical model is developed to analyze the antenna structure. The accuracy of this model is evaluated by the results of a commercial three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic field solver. The model works well with less than 5% deviation from time-consuming simulations, providing the permittivity contrast between the film and substrate is kept high (e.g., > 30). The impact of dielectric loss of the film in antenna performance is significantly less than that of the substrate, allowing medium-loss films (e.g., ε"= 3) results in highly efficient antennas with over 95% radiation efficiency. A prototype was made using screen printing and experimentally characterized at Ku-band. The experimental results confirm the theoretical achievements. The measured -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the printable planar dielectric antenna having dimensions of 0.2 λ0× 0.2 λ0 is over 10% with a measured gain ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 dBi. Broadside radiation patterns with cross polarization levels of lower than -20 dB are achieved. This process is compatible with low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology where similar idea can be applied to other passive microwave components.
Crystal structures of tris(NN-diethyldithiocarbamato)oxo-niobium(V) and -vanadium(V) (1973)

The crystal and molecular structures of the isomorphous and isostructural title compounds [MO(CS2·NEt2)3][(I), M = Nb; (II), M = V] have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, the structures being solved by heavy-atom methods and refined by least-squares methods to R 0·096 [(I) 1680 visually estimated reflections] and 0·103 [(II) 671 diffractometer reflections]. Both are monoclinic, space group P21/a, Z= 4; (I): a= 17·28(1), b= 13·305(5), c= 10·774(5)Å; β= 90·09(6)°; (II): a= 17·27(1), b= 13·22(1), c= 10·72(1)Å, β= 90·5(1)°.In each structure the seven-co-ordinate metal atom is surrounded by an oxygen atom [NbO, 1·74(1), VO, 1·65(2)Å] and three bidentate dithiochelates, two lying in the equatorial plane of a distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The five equatorial distances are almost equal (Nb–S 2·547–2·596, V–S 2·46–2·50 Å) while that opposite to the oxygen is longer (Nb–S 2·753, V–S 2·63 Å). All 0M–S angles are greater than 90°.
Evaluation of a Mesh Photomultiplier Tube for a PET/Field-Cycled MRI Prototype (2010)

We are developing a positron emission tomography and field-cycled magnetic resonance imaging (PET/FCMRI) dual modality system. The low magnetic field strength of a FCMRI system makes it possible to implement a PET system based upon novel photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), instead of solid-state photodetectors. In this work, the performance of a fine-mesh PMT (Hamamatsu H6153-70) has been investigated. In the static magnetic field, the response of gain, energy resolution, time resolution and efficiency of the mesh PMT, as well as its angular response and positioning uniformity were studied as a function of field strength (from zero up to 24 mT). In the dynamic magnetic field, the short-term recovery behavior and the long-term performance stability of the mesh PMT were studied under three dB/dt configurations (7.3, 11.0 and 14.5 T/s). The relevance of these results to the possible integration of PET with FCMRI systems is discussed.
ssPNA templated assembly of oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)s (2009)

A single-stranded oligothymine peptide nucleic acid (PNA) was used as a template for the assembly of a chiral oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) diaminotriazine derivative (OPV) in methylcyclohexane (MCH) revealing nanostructures in which the size is controlled by the template.
Synthesis and Potent Antibacterial Activity Against MRSA of Some Novel 1,2‐Disubstituted‐1H‐benzimidazole‐N‐alkylated‐5‐carboxamidines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sniffing out cancer in the breath: detection of non-polar volatile compounds through carrier scattering in random networks of carbon nanotubes (2009)

Exhaled breath of cancer patients contains certain nonpolar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which are not present in the breath of a healthy person. An electronic nose composed of an array of random network (RN) of carbon nanotube (CNT) sensors could in principle detect cancer from breath, but the notoriously low sensitivity of CNT sensors to nonpolar VOCs limits their accuracy. We have achieved a marked improvement of the RN-CNT chemiresistors' response to the nonpolar VOCs found in the breath of lung cancer patients by functionalizing them with different types of nonpolymeric organic films as well as discontinuous films composed of sponge-like wires of hexaperi-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) molecules. By monitoring the changes in conductance, work function and organic film thickness during exposure we show that the enhanced sensitivity of the functionalized RN-CNTs to nonpolar cancer biomarkers stems from carrier scattering induced by swelling of the organic film. Based on these findings, we show that an array of RN-CNT sensors can discriminate between the VOCs found in the breath of patients with lung cancer and in healthy controls. Hence, controlling the carrier scattering in RN-CNTs via deliberate functionalization with suitable organic films could become an important factor in the design of sensors for nonpolar VOCs, which have hitherto been difficult to trace. The results presented here are an important step towards the development of a robust, cost effective electronic nose for sniffing out nonpolar VOCs as biomarkers for cancer in patients' breath.
Acoustofluidic actuation of in situ fabricated microrotors (2016)

We have demonstrated in situ fabricated and acoustically actuated microrotors. A polymeric microrotor with predefined oscillating sharp-edge structures is fabricated in situ by applying a patterned UV light to polymerize a photocrosslinkable polyethylene glycol solution inside a microchannel around a polydimethylsiloxane axle. To actuate the microrotors by oscillating the sharp-edge structures, we employed piezoelectric transducers which generate tunable acoustic waves. The resulting acoustic streaming flows rotate the microrotors. The rotation rate is tuned by controlling the peak-to-peak voltage applied to the transducer. A 6-arm microrotor can exceed 1200 revolutions per minute. Our technique is an integration of single-step microfabrication, instant assembly around the axle, and easy acoustic actuation for various applications in microfluidics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
PDE11A4 (Phosphodiesterase 11 A4) is a modulator of the primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) phenotype: genotype/phenotype analysis of a cohort of 354 patients analysed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) (2021)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Comparative Analysis of Metals and Alternative Infrared Plasmonic Materials (2017)

In the past decade or two, the field of nanophotonics has seen rapid development, empowered by introducing the concepts of plasmonics and metamaterials. The enabling feature behind this progress has been the use of noble metals that exhibit negative dielectric permittivities over a wide spectral range of visible and infrared wavelengths that allowed for manipulating the light on the subwavelength scale. Consequently, numerous interesting phenomena that otherwise do not exist in nature have been demonstrated in laboratories, but their transitions to practical applications have been painfully slow due to the large ohmic losses that are inherent in all metals. Doped semiconductors with lower losses have been proposed as new plasmonic materials to replace noble metals. Because the electron densities that are introduced with the artificial doping are always a few order of magnitude lower than what naturally available in metals, their plasma frequencies are shifted considerably toward longer wavelengths to the infrared (IR). This work compares these two categories of plasmonic media in structures that support either localized or propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in mid-IR. We have found that in both cases new plasmonic materials underperform noble metals in terms of enhancing optical field in localized SPPs and reducing SPP propagation loss in plasmonic waveguides. The cause of this subpar performance is the inherently low electron density that yields a significantly reduced plasma frequency compared to noble metals. This fundamental property associated with all new plasmonic materials dictates that, while new materials do hold a number of advantages, including tunability and ability to withstand high temperatures, noble metals, even with their ohmic losses, are not likely to be replaced in the foreseeable future.
Influenza virus receptors in the human air way (2006)

Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infections have resulted in more than 100 human deaths; yet, human-to-human transmission is rare. We demonstrated that the epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract of humans mainly possess sialic acid linked to galactose by alpha 2,6 linkages (SA alpha 2,6Gal), a molecule preferentially recognized by human viruses. However, many cells in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli possess SA alpha 2,3Gal, which is preferentially recognized by avian viruses. These facts are consistent with the observation that H5N1 viruses can be directly transmitted from birds to humans and cause serious lower respiratory tract damage in humans. Furthermore, this anatomical difference in receptor prevalence may explain why the spread of H5N1 viruses among humans is limited. However, since some H5N1 viruses isolated from humans recognize human virus receptors, additional changes must be required for these viruses to acquire the ability for efficient human-to-human transmission.
Graphene-Inorganic Hybrids (I) (2017)

Pure graphene exhibited a layered structure with a very smooth surface, while wrinkles were observed in the hybrid sample both at the edge of the graphene sheets and on the interlayer nanosheets. The tubular materials were distributed randomly on the surface of graphene nanosheets with the tubular axes being parallel to the graphene nanosheets. The electrodeposition process has been shown to be an effective technique to synthesize manganese oxide-based hybrids with graphene nanosheets. Nickel oxide–graphene hybrids are mainly based on NiO, with major applications in energy storage devices, i.e., supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries, and have been synthesized by using various methods. The graphene layer had a monolayer structure, with uniform contrast for visible hexagonal atomic lattice. Hybrids of graphene or graphene oxides with various complex oxides and multiple oxides have been reported.
Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of intestinal inflammation (2011)

We identified two new imidazoacridinone derivatives that protect mice from severe colitis and promote mucosal recovery by enhancing protective cytokine production while inhibiting proinflammatory stimuli during microbial recognition. These compounds are promising candidates for further development into potent orally available drugs for the prevention of colitis and promotion of mucosal recovery.
Microscopic Cooperative Vehicular Traffic Flow Modelling: Analytical Considerations and Calibration Issues Based NGSIM Data (2012)

The deployment of new emerging technologies, such as cooperative systems, allows the traffic community to foresee relevant improvements in terms of traffic safety and efficiency. Vehicles are able to communicate on the local traffic state in real time, which could result in an automatic and therefore better reaction to the mechanism of traffic jam formation. An upstream single hop radio broadcast network can improve the perception of each cooperative driver within a specific radio range and hence the traffic stability. The impact of vehicle cooperation with each other and with the infrastructure on the onset of traffic congestion is investigated, analytically and through simulation. NGSIM field data is used to calibrate the Optimal Velocity with Relative Velocity (OVRV) car following model and the MOBIL lane-changing model is implemented. Assuming that congestion can be triggered either by a perturbation in the instability domain or by a critical lane changing behavior, the calibrated car following behavior is used to assess the impact of a microscopic cooperative law on abnormal lane changing behavior. The cooperative law helps reduce and delay traffic congestion as it increases traffic flow stability.
Adaptive subsampling of color images (2002)

Conventional coding of digital color images is done in a luminance-chrominance domain, and the chrominance components are subsampled in a fixed ratio with respect to the luminance. We propose an adaptive method of subsampling the chrominance components that improves the quality vs. sample rate trade-off. In applications such as compositing color graphics images, the advantage of using the adaptive method as against the conventional method is demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Response Corridors for Blunt Impacts to the Back (2021)

&lt;div&gt;Corridors for the biofidelity of blunt impact to the back are important for sled and crash testing with Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs). The Hybrid III is used in rear sled tests as part of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) 202a. The only corridor for biofidelity is the neck extension. Eight Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) were subjected to 20 blunt impacts with a 15.2 cm (6 in.) diameter pendulum weighing 23.4 kg. The impact was below T1 at 4.5 m/s and 6.7 m/s and below T6 at 4.5 m/s centered on the back. Head, neck, and chest responses were reported in 2001 [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;]. In this study, the responses were scaled to the 50th male Hybrid III, and corridors were determined defining biofidelity for blunt impacts to the back. The scaled data gives an average peak force of 3.44 kN ± 0.74 kN at T1 and 4.5 m/s, 5.08 kN ± 1.35 kN at T1 and 6.7 ms, and 3.4 kN ± 1.2 kN at T6 and 4.5 m/s. The corresponding scaled deflection was 44.0 ± 19.7 mm, 60.2 ± 21.2 mm, and 53.1 ± 16.5 mm. The average stiffness of the back was 1.21 kN/cm at T1 and 4.5 m/s, 1.17 kN/cm at T1 and 6.7 m/s, and 1.14 kN/cm at T6 and 4.5 m/s. The corridors help to define biofidelity and can be used to assess the performance of the Hybrid III, Biofidelic Rear Impact Dummy (BioRID) II, and other ATDs.&lt;/div&gt;
The ONR enabling capability on high-bandwidth lasercomm (2010)

The Office of Naval Research has begun a five year technology development program in high bandwidth lasercom. The program is designed to mature enabling technologies and demonstrate a notional high bandwidth capability to the warfighter. This is a spiral development program, with increasingly automated, capable, and compact systems being demonstrated at the end of each phase. Both direct lasercom links and modulating retroreflector links will be matured during this program.
Enantiopure Dendrimers Derived from the 1,1′-Binaphthyl Moiety: A Correlation Between Chiroptical Properties and Conformation of the 1,1′-Binaphthyl Template (2000)

The absorption and CD spectra of a series of Fréchet (compounds 7-10) and backfolding (compounds 11-12) dendrimers derived from enantiopure (S)-2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthalene have been recorded (THF) in the range 200-350 nm. All the compounds examined show a positive couplet between 200 and 240 nm (1B transition of the 2-naphthol chromophore), the intensity of which (Δϵmax of the low-energy branch) ranges between 100 and 40. By means of the DeVoe polarizability model the intensity of the 1B couplet has been calculated vs. the dihedral angle θ. This analysis provides θ angles of 95-110° for the Fréchet dendrimers and 100-110° for the backfolding compounds. These values clearly indicate that the torsional angle θ, defined by the two naphthalene planes, never exceeds the critical value of 110°. This investigation confirms the wide utility of CD spectroscopy to provide geometrical information that cannot be obtained by other types of structural analysis.
MR guided focused ultrasound treatment of soft tissue tumors of the extremities — preliminary experience (2015)

Soft tissue tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors arising from connective tissues. These tumors may be benign, benign but locally aggressive, or malignant. Surgery either alone or in combination with adjuvant therapies such as radiation or chemotherapy can potentially cure a patient with a soft tissue tumor. The morbidity and complications associated with treatment can have significant and lasting adverse effects on limb function and quality of life. In some situations, patients develop local recurrence of disease and require further surgery, which can result in further treatment-associated morbidity. We have adapted MR guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) techniques to the treatment of benign and malignant soft tissue tumors of the extremities with the goal of safely and effectively performing MRgFUS ablation on human subjects. This presentation describes the use of MRgFUS for the treatment of desmoid fibromatosis, arteriovenous malformations, and malignant sarcomas.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Callosobruchusic Acid. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Figures of merit to characterize the importance of on-chip inductance (1998)

A closed form solution for the output signal of a CMOS inverter driving an RLC transmission line is presented. This solution is based on the alpha power law for deep submicrometer technologies. Two figures of merit are presented that are useful for determining if a section of interconnect should be modeled as either an RLC or an RC impedance. The damping factor of a lumped RLC circuit is shown to be a useful figure of merit. The second useful figure of merit considered in this paper is the ratio of the rise time of the input signal at the driver of an interconnect line to the time of flight of the signals across the line. AS/X circuit simulations of an RLC transmission line and a five section RC II circuit based on a 0.25 µm IBM CMOS technology are used to quantify and determine the relative accuracy of an RC model. One primary result of this study is evidence demonstrating that a range for the length of the interconnect exists for which inductance effects are prominent. Furthermore, it is shown that under certain conditions, inductance effects are negligible despite the length of the section of interconnect.
Watermark induced High Density Via failures in sub micron CMOS fabrication (2006)

High via resistance was detected in the high density via structure in our 0.15 mum BEOL (Back-End-Of-Line) yield monitoring test vehicle. A localized insulating layer was found on top of plug in test vehicle causing high via resistance. The failure was attributed to watermark induced contaminants on top of the W plug. It was shown that the failure could be avoided by eliminating watermark formation on the wafer in the post CMP cleaning process.
Distance-driven projection and backprojection in three dimensions (2004)

Projection and backprojection are operations that arise frequently in tomographic imaging. Recently, we proposed a new method for projection and backprojection, which we call distance-driven, and that offers low arithmetic cost and a highly sequential memory access pattern. Furthermore, distance-driven projection and backprojection avoid several artefact-inducing approximations characteristic of some other methods. We have previously demonstrated the application of this method to parallel and fan beam geometries. In this paper, we extend the distance-driven framework to three dimensions and demonstrate its application to cone beam reconstruction. We also present experimental results to demonstrate the computational performance, the artefact characteristics and the noise-resolution characteristics of the distance-driven method in three dimensions.
Neuromorphic Photonics for Optical Communication Systems (2021)

Neuromorphic photonics creates processors 1000 × faster than electronics while consuming less energy. We will discuss the role of neuromorphic photonics in optical communications, review existing approaches, and outline the required technologies to evolve this field.
The Difference in Physicochemical and Chemical Properties of Urinary MSH-like Substance from Retinitis Pigmentosa Patient and Normal Adult (1966)

The MSH-like substance in the urine of patients with retinopigmentosis, differing from that in normal persons, has no melanocyte-expanding effect, nor other physiological actions. In order to examine their difference physicochemically, adipokinetic activity of these substances were compared. While that from the normal person had the same activity as MSH, that from the patients lacked this tendency. Effects of the MSH-like substances on the free fatty acid in plasma was analyzed by gas chromatography and the substance from the urine of patients showed considerable difference from that of normal persons, such as in increasing the amount of lauric acid. Examination of a difference between these substances in chemical structure showed that the substance from the patients' urine lacked methionine in the structural amino acids, which is present in that from normal persons. It was proved through the experiment on recovery of effect by cysteine reduction and by identification of methionine sulfoxide by paper chromatography that in the structure of the MSH-like substance from patients' urine, methionine portion is in the form of methionine sulfoxide.
Development of Double Turntable-Type Centrifugal Tester (1999)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Recently, we developed a double turntable-type centrifugal tester for linear accelerometer testing, which has two turntables, a main turntable and a sub-turntable. It is possible to test especially for low frequency range (DC to 20Hz) characteristics (phase and gain), that could not be tested using existing vibration testers. This frequency range is typically encountered in chassis control systems, such as ABS, ASR, VDC and suspension control systems. When imposing 1G X 0.1Hz, existing vibration testers require an approximately 50m vibration stroke, which is unrealistic. However, the tester we have developed is able to create this condition easily. In this paper, we introduce the basic design and performance of our developed tester.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;