gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aperture averaging in a free-space laser communication system with a phase diffuser (2002)

The effects of aperture averagign in a free-space laser communication system with a phase diffuser placed in front of the transmitting aperture are studied. The partially coherent beam created by the use of a phase diffuser is modeled as a Gaussian Schell beam. To evaluate aperture averaging, an analytic expression is used for the spatial covariance of irradiance fluctuations that is valid for Gaussian beams of any degree of coherence, subject to the restriction that the atmospheic turbulence-corrupted laser beam can be described as a Gaussian stochastic process. In the weak fluctuation regime this analytic expression is found to compare reasonably well with published data. It is shown that when a partially coherent source beam is used irradiance fluctuations can be significantly reduced in the weak fluctuation regime.
Assessing Validity of Self-Reported Dietary Intake within a Mediterranean Diet Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among US Firefighters (2019)

Collecting dietary intake data is associated with challenges due to the subjective nature of self–administered instruments. Biomarkers may objectively estimate the consumption of specific dietary items or help assess compliance in dietary intervention studies. Our aim was to use a panel of plasma and urine biomarkers to assess the validity of self-reported dietary intake using a modified Mediterranean Diet Scale (mMDS) among firefighters participating in Feeding America’s Bravest (FAB), an MD cluster-randomized controlled trial. In our nested biomarker pilot study, participants were randomly selected from both the MD intervention group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 24) after 12-months of dietary intervention. At baseline data collection for the pilot study (t = 12-months of FAB), participants in the control group crossed-over to receive the MD intervention (active intervention) for 6-months. Participants in the intervention group continued in a self-sustained continuation phase (SSP) of the intervention. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), 13-item-mMDS questionnaires, 40 plasma fatty acids, inflammatory biomarkers and urinary hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol were analyzed at both time points. Spearman’s correlation, t-tests and linear regression coefficients were calculated using SAS software. Overall, the mMDS derived from the FFQ was highly correlated with the specific 13-domain-mMDS (r = 0.74). The concordance between the two questionnaires for low and high adherence to MD was high for all the participants in the parent trial (κ = 0.76). After 6 months of intervention in the pilot study, plasma saturated fatty acid decreased in both groups (active intervention: −1.3 ± 1.7; p = 0.002; SSP: −1.12 ± 1.90; p = 0.014) and oleic acid improved in the SSP (p = 0.013). Intake of olive oil was positively associated with plasma omega-3 (p = 0.004) and negatively with TNF-α (p &lt; 0.001) at baseline. Choosing olive oil as a type of fat was also associated with higher levels of plasma omega-3 (p = 0.019) at baseline and lower TNF-α (p = 0.023) at follow up. Intake of red and processed meats were associated with lower serum omega-3 (p = 0.04) and fish consumption was associated with lower IL-6 at baseline (p = 0.022). The overall mMDS was associated with an increase in plasma omega-3 (p = 0.021). Good correlation was found between nutrient intake from the FFQ and the corresponding plasma biomarkers (omega-3, EPA and DHA). In this MD randomized controlled trial, some key plasma biomarkers were significantly associated with key MD diet components and the overall mMDS supporting the validity of the mMDS questionnaire as well as compliance with the intervention
Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) for the Head and Neck: Current and Future Indications (2010)

Abstract Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) offers many technical advancements to existing endoscopic and transoral surgical approaches. This has faciliated a safer, less morbid and potentially more effective application of surgery to the management of both benign and malignant diseases in the head and neck. As this surgical approach gains widespread acceptance, it is important for all members of the treatment team to understand the strengths and current limitations especially when TORS is applied for malignant diseases. As of December 2009, Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of the da Vinci® surgical system and TORS for selected malignancies of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx and all benign disease. Of these sites, the greatest experience and longest duration of follow-up has been in the use of TORS for the management of oropharyngeal carcinomas where at least comparable oncologic outcomes and reduced long-term feeding tube dependency rates have been reported. Other anatomic sites where TORS has shown benefit based on preclinical studies and early human experiences include the larynx, hypopharynx, parapharyngeal space and infratemporal fossa for both benign and selected malignant tumors. Experience to date has demonstrated that the improved visualization with the robotic system offers the potential for improved oncologic resection with reduced morbidity. Based on present studies and outcomes data in conjunction with ongoing investigations, it is anticipated that TORS will make a major impact in the way we manage benign and malignant tumors within the head and neck and skull base.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Himbacine and (+)‐Himbeline. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-Resolution GLC Profiles of Urban Air Pollutant Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1974)

Abstract A simple procedure was developed for the rapid separation and determination of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air. By using sensitive detection and high-resolution glass capillary columns, profiles of polynuclears which are unique to the area of sampling were obtained. The potential of this method for effective screening of possible sources of atmospheric pollution is discussed.
Sjögren's syndrome: immunological response underlying the disease. (2001)

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmnune disorder characterized primarily by the discomforts od dry eyes and dry mouth due to the progressive loss of exocrine gland function. Development of a number of animal models to study Sjögren's syndrome, especially the NOD mouse and its congenic partner strains, has permitted a systematic analysis of immunological and non-immunological factors that influence predisposition for development of the autoimmune response. These data are reviewed here.
The in vivo effect of Rhodiola kirilowii extracts on blood granulocytes metabolic activity in mice (2010)

Rhodiola kirilowii roots and rhizomes are traditionally used in China as a tonic, adaptogen, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug. The plant is also used in the Chinese medicine for the enhancement of the ability of anti-anoxia, moreover it shows anticoagulative properties and decreases the level of blood sugar. R. kirilowii also protect people against cardiopulmonary function problems when moving to high altitude (4500 m). The aim of this work was to study the in vivo effect of aqueous and 50% hydro-alcoholic extracts of R. kirilowii roots on metabolic activity of blood granulocytes in mice. Hydro-alcoholic extract of R. kirilowii exerted stimulatory effect in the lowest and in the highest dose applied. No difference from the control was observed in the group fed intermediate doses. In the case of aqueous extract intermediate doses presented inhibition of granulocytes chemiluminescence.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of controlled‐release opioids (1997)

While pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships for opioids have not been consistently demonstrable or sufficiently predictive, there remain compelling reasons to pursue such relationships. Among the reasons for pursuing pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic relationships is the prospect of predicting the time-action characteristics of new therapeutics on the basis of early studies in normals using pharmacodynamic surrogates for analgesia. The realization of such a model could improve the efficiency of development of analgesics. Four studies involving 98 normals were conducted to determine whether significant and reproducible relationships existed for oxycodone in the form of an oral controlled-release tablet. All studies were analytically blinded and utilized a validated gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric, sensitive (0.2 ng/ml), and specific method for oxycodone (four studies) and oxymorphone (two studies) quantitation in 17 to 20 serial plasma samples over 36 to 48 hours following a single 20 mg (or 40 mg) dose in each study. Concurrent assessments included vital signs and opioid effect VAS questionnaires. The studies demonstrated significant relationships between plasma oxycodone (but not oxymorphone) and pharmacodynamic surrogates (particularly VAS "drug effect") and were predictive of the 12-hour duration of pain control and prompt onset of analgesia subsequently demonstrated in multiple clinical studies involving patients with various pathological pain syndromes. The results suggest that investigators can make earlier, accurate predictions of opioid analgesic pharmacodynamics in patients based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in normal volunteers.
Human intestinal epithelial cell-derived interleukin (IL)-18, along with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, is a potent synergistic factor for the proliferation of intraepithelial lymphocytes (2004)

Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-derived cytokines, such as stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-15 are known to be required for the development of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). A newly described cytokine, IL-18, has also been shown to be produced by intestinal epithelial cells. To demonstrate the functional effects of IL-18 on human IELs, we assessed IL-18/IL-18 receptor expression in IEC/IEL and proliferation following stimulation of intestinal IELs by IL-18. IL-18 transcripts were detected both in freshly isolated human colonic epithelial cells and in various colonic epithelial cell lines. IL-18 protein was also detected by ELISA and flow cytometric analysis using antihuman IL-18-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb). Furthermore, IELs constitutively expressed the IL-18 receptor in addition to the IL-2 and IL-7 receptors. More importantly, IL-18 augmented significant proliferative responses of IEL in combination with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 both in the presence and in absence of anti-CD3 MoAb. These results suggest that IL-18 might play a crucial role in the proliferation and maintenance of intestinal IELs.
Detection of antitrophoblast antibodies in the sera of patients with anticardiolipin antibodies and fetal loss (1993)

Women with anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLA) are at increased risk for fetal loss. One potential explanation for this outcome is that sera from these individuals contain antibodies reactive with trophoblast cells, which are involved in the establishment of the uteroplacental vasculature and maintenance of placental blood fluidity. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the incidence of trophoblast-reactive antibodies in 27 patients with ACLA and a history of fetal loss with that in 29 normal pregnant women. Sera from 20 patients, but only one control, contained trophoblast-reactive antibodies (P < .001). These antibodies were not directed against major histocompatibility class I antigens, and reacted with both term and first-trimester trophoblast cells. In most cases, sera from which ACLA were adsorbed by cardiolipin-containing liposomes maintained reactivity against cells. In addition, patient Ig fractions immunoprecipitated an approximately 62-kD protein from the trophoblast cell surface, stimulated the release of arachidonic acid and thromboxane A2 by trophoblasts, and inhibited the binding of prourokinase to trophoblast urokinase receptors. These observations show that sera from women with ACLA and a history of fetal loss contain antitrophoblast antibodies. These antibodies may be serologically distinct from ACLA, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of fetal demise.
Interleukin‐21 Receptor Blockade Inhibits Secondary Humoral Responses and Halts the Progression of Preestablished Disease in the (NZB × NZW)F1 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model (2015)

Our results highlight the importance of IL-21 in promoting humoral recall responses and in sustaining autoimmune inflammation.
Vision-based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle detection and tracking for sense and avoid systems (2016)

We propose an approach for on-line detection of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and estimation of their relative positions and velocities in the 3D environment from a single moving camera in the context of sense and avoid systems. This problem is challenging both from a detection point of view, as there are no markers on the targets available, and from a tracking perspective, due to misdetection and false positives. Furthermore, the methods need to be computationally light, despite the complexity of computer vision algorithms, to be used on UAVs with limited payload. To address these issues we propose a multi-staged framework that incorporates fast object detection using an AdaBoost-based approach, coupled with an on-line visual-based tracking algorithm and a recent sensor fusion and state estimation method. Our framework allows for achieving real-time performance with accurate object detection and tracking without any need of markers and customized, high-performing hardware resources.
Solution and solid state interplay of isomeric 4′-(pyridyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridines with p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (2007)

p-Sulfonatocalix[4]arene, 1, forms inclusion complexes with the three isomeric 4′-(pyridyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridines in acidic aqueous medium. Both 4′-(2-pyridyl)-, 3, and 4′-(3′-pyridyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine, 4, form 1 : 1 host–guest complexes in the solid state, in which the terminal 4′-(pyridyl) ring resides in the cavity of the calixarene. In the case of 4′-(4-pyridyl)-3,2′:6′,3″-terpyridine, 5, a molecular capsule is formed in which two calixarenes encapsulate one terpyridine guest molecule, with the terminal pyridine ring being exo to the calixarene cavities. NMR spectroscopy indicates that association between p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and each terpyridine guest occurs in solution at elevated temperature (333 K) as a prelude to crystallisation of the inclusion complexes.
Activation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Promoter with meso-Tetrahydroxyphenyl Chlorin Photodynamic Therapy Reported by Green Fluorescent Protein In Vitro and In Vivo¶ (2003)

Cellular responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT) include induction of heat shock proteins (HSP). We examined meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) PDT-mediated HSP activation in EMT6 cells stably transfected with a plasmid containing the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by an hsp70 promoter. mTHPC incubation induced concentration-dependent GFP expression. Irradiation of cells exposed to a sensitizer concentration that induced a slight increase in GFP and no loss of cell viability resulted in fluence-dependent GFP accumulation. In response to drug only and to PDT, GFP levels increased to a maximum of four- to five-fold above control levels with increasing drug or fluence and then decreased at higher doses. A trypan blue-exclusion assay confirmed that decreased GFP levels in both cases were due to a loss of cell viability. For initial evaluation in vivo, HSP70/ GFP-transfected EMT6 tumors were grown in BALB/c mice and subjected to mTHPC-PDT with a fluence of 1 J/cm2. Six hours after PDT, GFP fluorescence was imaged in these tumors through the intact skin in vivo. These results indicate that sublethal doses of mTHPC-PDT stimulate GFP expression under the control of an hsp70 promoter and illustrate the potential of noninvasively monitoring reporter protein fluorescence as a measure of molecular response to PDT.
Chemistry and microwave properties of Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} doped Ba{sub 4.5}Nd{sub 9}Ti{sub 18}O{sub 54} (1995)

Ceramics based on the BaO-Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}-TiO{sub 2} system are widely used the electronics industry due to their high permittivity and low dielectric losses. An especially interesting part of the phase diagram is the solid solubility region with the general formula Ba{sub 6-x}Nd{sub 8+2/3x}Ti{sub 18}O{sub 54} (O < X < 2.25). For microwave applications such materials are doped with Pb or Bi oxides (or titanates) to compensate the relatively high temperature coefficient of resonant frequency tf. In the present paper, a study of Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}-doped 1:1:4-BT{sub 4} ceramics is reported with regard to the formation of solid solution and liquid phase during sintering, and the microstructural development and its influence on the microwave properties. It was found that on addition of up to 2.5 mol % Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}, Bi{sup 3+} is incorporated on Nd{sup 3+} sites in the Ba{sub 4.5}Nd{sub 9}Ti{sub 18}O{sub 54} phase. When the solid solubility limit is exceeded, Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentrates at the grain boundaries at Bi-rich phase, forming a liquid phase and causing a considerable decrease of the Q-value and an increase of tf.
Host–Guest Interlocked Complex Binder for Silicon–Graphite Composite Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries (2022)

Abstract Maximizing the energy density of a lithium‐ion battery cell by increasing the silicon content in the silicon–graphite (Si–Gr) composite anode is an ongoing research topic that is receiving much attention. However, the paradoxical surface characteristics of Si and Gr make it challenging to uniformly distribute the electrode components and maintain their adhesion during cycling accompanied with the immense volume change of Si. Here, an amphiphilic, tightly interlocked host–guest complex binder composed of pyrene‐conjugated poly(acrylic acid) ( Py‐PAA ) and a hyperbranched γ‐cyclodextrin polymer ( γ CDp ) is reported. The pyrene unit of Py‐PAA not only endows enhanced affinity to the Gr surface but also serves as a guest molecule capable of interlocking with the γ CDp host. This highly effective host–guest interaction sustains the integrity of the electrode to enable superior cycling performance and rate capability for Si–Gr electrodes with commercial‐level areal capacity. This study shows that hierarchical, multifunctional supramolecular binders of two kinds can offer improved battery performance for emerging high‐capacity electrodes consisting of components with different surface characteristics compared to conventional binders of a single kind.
Vitrisol® a 100% Selective Process for H 2 S Removal in the Presence of CO 2 (2017)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Case Definition “Amine-Treated” Cases by PPS Vitrisol® Process Extended with Regeneration of Active Component Results Discussion Conclusions Notation Appendix 6-A: H&M Balance of Case 1 (British Columbia shale) of the Amine Process Appendix 6-B H&M Balance of Case 2a (Barnett shale) of the Amine Process with Stripper Promoter Appendix 6-C H&M Balance of Case 3 (Barnett shale) of the Amine Process (MEA) Appendix 6-D: H&M Balance of Case 1 (British Columbia shale) of the Vitrisol® process Appendix 6-E H&M Balance of Case 2 (Barnett shale) of the Vitrisol® Process
Performance-degradation model for Li4Ti5O12-based battery cells used in wind power applications (2012)

Energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion batteries have the potential to mitigate the negative impact of wind power grid integration on the power system stability, which is caused by the characteristics of the wind. This paper presents a performance model for a Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/LiMO<sub>2</sub> battery cell. For developing the performance model an EIS-based electrical modelling approach was followed. The obtained model is able to predict with high accuracy charge and discharge voltage profiles for different ages of the battery cell and for different charging/discharging current rates. Moreover, the ageing behaviour of the battery cell was analysed for the case of accelerated cycling ageing with a certain mission profile.
Quadtree based JBIG compression (2002)

A JBIG compliant, quadtree based, lossless image compression algorithm is described. In terms of the number of arithmetic coding operations required to code an image, this algorithm is significantly faster than previous JBIG algorithm variations. Based on this criterion, our algorithm achieves an average speed increase of more than 9 times with only a 5% decrease in compression when tested on the eight CCITT bi-level test images and compared against the basic non-progressive JBIG algorithm. The fastest JBIG variation that we know of, using "PRES" resolution reduction and progressive buildup, achieved an average speed increase of less than 6 times with a 7% decrease in compression, under the same conditions.
Reduction in NIR absorption of Spinel through annealing (2023)

Transparent magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) has been developed as an optical ceramic for a variety of applications, including as windows. As a broadband, ultraviolet (UV) thru midwave infrared (MIR) material, it has been developed for windows and has many desirable properties compared with alternative infrared glasses and other transparent ceramics. Current efforts to advance high strength spinel manufacturing processes have demonstrated progress toward large format windows. Although low-absorption spinel, specifically in the near-infrared (NIR) has been demonstrated previously, additional processing is required for new, large-scale spinel manufacturing processes to decrease the effects of impurities near one-micron wavelengths. In this work we present recent results that show measured absorption near 1 μm is reduced by annealing, which reduces effects of trace impurities. Experimental results from photo-thermal common-path interferometer measurements are reported.
System Level Comparison of 3D Integration Technologies for Future Mobile MPSoC Platform (2014)

3D integration is being explored as a viable alternative to overcome limitations faced by mobile MPSoC platforms in traditional 2D designs. TSV based interdie connection is the most widely used approach currently. Although, TSV dimensions are scaling down, they still impose a restriction on the interdie connections density and the granularity at which 3D partitioning can be carried out. These limitations will aggravate in future scaled technologies. Alternatives such as Cu-Cu bonding need to be explored to achieve very fine-pitch and high density interdie connections. In this letter, we carry out a system architecture level comparison for a complex MPSoC platform instantiated for wireless PHY processing (WLAN and LTE). We compare 2D and 3D using: 1) TSVs with μ bump and RDL (F2B); and 2) Cu-Cu bonding (F2F). We show significant gains in 3D as compared to 2D. We also show that F2B and F2F have different system level architecture requirements, and that their impact on parameters at interconnect and system architecture level varies.