gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Living ring-opening polymerization of cyclic carbonates mediated by bulky titanium bisphenolates (2000)

Dichlorotitanium {2,2′-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate)} (2) brought about living homopolymerization and copolymerization of cyclic carbonates with 6- and 7-membered rings to give the corresponding polycarbonates with narrow molecular weight distribution. 1H and 13C NMR studies of the polycarbonates obtained by 2 showed the presence of terminal hydroxy groups at both polymer ends, although no signals assignable to a chlorobutyl group or bisphenolate group were observed. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the polymerization system showed that the cyclic carbonate molecule is coordinated to the titanium complex, whereas the structure of the titanium complex was almost unchanged throughout the polymerization. The polymerization is considered to proceed via a nucleophilic attack of hydroxy groups at the polymer ends on the cyclic carbonates activated by 2.
Spray measurement technology: a review (2014)

Sprays are among the most intellectually challenging and practically important topics in fluid mechanics. This paper reviews needs, milestones, challenges, and a broad array of techniques for spray measurement. In addition, tabular summaries provide cross-referenced entry points to the vast literature by organizing over 300 citations according to key spray phenomena, physical parameters and measurement techniques for each of the principal spray regions (nozzle internal flow, near-field spray-formation region, far-field developed spray, and spray-wall interaction). The article closes with perspectives on some current issues in spray research, including the cost and complexity of apparatus for spray physics and spray engineering, the need for simultaneous diagnostic measurements under application-relevant conditions, and the effective comparison of spray measurements and numerical simulations.
Carbide-Derived Carbons:  A Comparative Study of Porosity Based on Small-Angle Scattering and Adsorption Isotherms (2006)

Porous carbons have received much attention recently for potential applications in energy generation and storage, molecular sieving, and environmental remediation. Property optimization for specific applications rests largely on controlling the volume, size, and shape of the pores at the synthetic level. Direct atom-scale experiments which might accurately and reliably measure these quantities are problematic, so indirect methods such as gas sorption are generally employed. Here we apply a second indirect method, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), to study porosity in carbide-derived carbons (CDC). The results qualitatively confirm and reinforce model-dependent conclusions drawn from gas sorption isotherms. In particular, both techniques indicate the onset of broad polydispersity under the same processing conditions for particular porous carbon materials.
Models and Predictive Control for Nonplanar Vehicle Navigation (2021)

We present a simplified model of a vehicle driving on a nonplanar road. A parametric surface is used to describe the nonplanar road which can describe any combination of curvature, bank and slope. We show that the proposed modeling approach generalizes planar vehicle models that reference a centerline, such as the Frenet model. We use the proposed approach for vehicle path planning and following using model predictive control. We also model and control vehicle contact with the road surface. We demonstrate that the proposed controller improves speed and lane following on complex roads compared to planar vehicle controllers, and mitigates loss of control on complex road surfaces including off-camber turns.
Catalytic Tuning of a Phosphinoethane Ligand for Enhanced C−H Activation (2008)

Hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) from 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CD-H) by (dtbpe)Ni(NAr) to form a Ni(I)-amide, (dtbpe)Ni(NHAr), and cyclohexadienyl radical is calculated to be thermodynamically reasonable, DeltaH(HAA)(dtbpe) = -1.3 kcal/mol, dtbpe = bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethane, Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl. However, radical rebound to form a metal-bound amine is highly endothermic (DeltaH(reb)(dtbpe) = +25.1 kcal/mol). Analysis of bond enthalpies indicates that weakening of the Ni-N bond (Ni-amide --> Ni-amine) upon radical rebound is not compensated by the weak C-N bond formed. Hence, a ligand was sought that would enhance the metal-amine bond strength while diminishing the metal-amide bond strength. Reaction of (dfmpe)Ni(NAr) with CD-H was thus analyzed, dfmpe = bis(di(trifluoromethyl)phosphino)ethane. While there is a small change in the thermodynamics of HAA (DeltaH(HAA)(dfmpe) = -5.7 kcal/mol), there is a profound change in the rebound step (DeltaH(reb)(dfmpe) = -7.8 kcal/mol) upon replacing dtbpe by dfmpe. Regeneration of the nitrene active species by reaction of ArN3 with the metal-bound product is calculated to be highly exothermic, DeltaH(reg) = -36.7 kcal/mol. Two candidates for a precatalyst, (dfmpe)Ni(COD) and (dfmpe)Ni(bpy), COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, were calculated to undergo highly exothermic reactions with ArN3 to form the nitrene active species. The calculated enthalpic barrier for HAA of CD-H by (dfmpe)Ni(NAr) is 21.3 kcal/mol. Hence, consideration of the computed thermodynamics and kinetics suggests that nickel-nitrenes with fluorinated phosphine supporting ligation are promising candidates for catalytic amination of C-H bonds.
Déterminer le sens d'un verbe dans son cadre prédicatif (2011)

JACQUET G., MANGUIN J.L., VENANT F., VIC TORRI B., Construire le sens d'un verbe dans son cadre pré di catif, in F. Neveu, P. Blu menthal, N. Le Querler (éds.), Au com men cement était le verbe. Syntaxe, Séman tique et Cog nition, Peter Lang, 2011, à paraître
Ternary organic–inorganic nanostructured hybrid materials by simultaneous twin polymerization (2016)

The acid and base catalyzed simultaneous twin polymerization to produce ternary organic–inorganic nanostructured hybrid materials consisting of a cross-linked phenolic resin, silica and a disubstituted polysiloxane.
Sequence and expression of a baculovirus protein with antigenic similarity to telokin (1994)

A protein from baculovirus-infected cells reacted with an antibody against the smooth muscle protein telokin. Because of this unusual similarity, the protein, termed telokin-like protein-20 (TLP20), was isolated and characterized. Its M(r) on denaturing polyacrylamide gels was 28K and the protein contained a high proportion of beta structure. A cDNA for TLP20 was isolated and sequenced. The 3' non-coding sequence contained a region of high identity with the 5' end of two other baculovirus genes. The 5' non-coding region contains several baculovirus regulatory elements. Surprisingly, the derived amino acid sequence showed no homologies to telokin. The cDNA was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and the subsequently expressed protein had a slightly lower M(r) than the native protein, but cross-reacted with telokin antibody. This paper reports the characterization of a new baculovirus protein that shares some antigenic similarities to the smooth muscle protein telokin.
Stator winding failures: contamination, surface discharge, tracking (2003)

Stator winding failures are generally attributed to groundwall or turn insulation failures. The failure mechanism involves the gradual development of a weakness in the insulation. This weakness is usually caused by a trapped void that is continuously enlarging due to ever increasing corona or partial discharge activity. The failure mode is from the inside out. Studies of failures in actual machines, and of coils on voltage endurance testing, indicate that failures can occur from the outside inward. Surface contamination leads to intense surface discharge and tracking. This surface discharge can lead to rapid winding failure following the inward motion of the corona activity. This paper looks at tracking as one failure mechanism and describes a series of tests on standard insulation materials aimed at comparing the anti-tracking capability of the materials. The tests show that combinations of insulation materials can reduce the anti-tracking capacity of a rather robust insulation system and predispose it to failure.
Tolerance to acetic acid is improved by mutations of the TATA ‐binding protein gene (2014)

Screening a library of overexpressing mutant alleles of the TATA-binding gene SPT15 yielded two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (MRRC 3252 and 3253) with enhanced tolerance to acetic acid. They were also tolerant to propionic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Transcriptome profile analysis identified 58 upregulated genes and 106 downregulated genes in MRRC 3252. Stress- and protein synthesis-related transcription factors were predominantly enriched in the upregulated and downregulated genes respectively. Eight deletion mutants for some of the highly downregulated genes were acetic acid-tolerant. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species was considerably lessened in MRRC 3252 and 3253 upon exposure to acetic acid. Metabolome profile analysis revealed that intracellular concentrations of 5 and 102 metabolites were increased and decreased, respectively, in MRRC 3252, featuring a large increase of urea and a significant decrease of amino acids. The dur1/2Δmutant, in which the urea degradation gene DUR1/2 is deleted, displayed enhanced tolerance to acetic acid. Enhanced tolerance to acetic acid was also observed on the medium containing a low concentration of amino acids. Taken together, this study identified two SPT15 alleles, nine gene deletions and low concentration of amino acids in the medium that confer enhanced tolerance to acetic acid.
Natural antisense RNA promotes 3′ end processing and maturation of MALAT1 lncRNA (2016)

The RNase P-mediated endonucleolytic cleavage plays a crucial role in the 3′ end processing and cellular accumulation of MALAT1, a nuclear-retained long noncoding RNA that promotes malignancy. The regulation of this cleavage event is largely undetermined. Here we characterize a broadly expressed natural antisense transcript at the &lt;it&gt;MALAT1&lt;/it&gt; locus, designated as TALAM1, that positively regulates MALAT1 levels by promoting the 3′ end cleavage and maturation of MALAT1 RNA. TALAM1 RNA preferentially localizes at the site of transcription, and also interacts with MALAT1 RNA. Depletion of TALAM1 leads to defects in the 3′ end cleavage reaction and compromises cellular accumulation of MALAT1. Conversely, overexpression of TALAM1 facilitates the cleavage reaction &lt;it&gt;in trans&lt;/it&gt;. Interestingly, TALAM1 is also positively regulated by MALAT1 at the level of both transcription and RNA stability. Together, our data demonstrate a novel feed-forward positive regulatory loop that is established to maintain the high cellular levels of MALAT1, and also unravel the existence of sense-antisense mediated regulatory mechanism for cellular lncRNAs that display RNase P-mediated 3′ end processing.
Ubrogepant and rimegepant: signal detection using spontaneous reports of adverse events from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (2023)

New safety aspects related to the treatment of ubrogepant and rimegepant using disproportionality analysis from spontaneous reporting databases were identified. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
A data acquisition system for electrostatic energy analyzers (1974)

An interface system has been developed which enables rapid acquisition of data from an electrostatic energy analyzer by a multichannel analyzer. Sample data from inelastic ion-molecule collisions demonstrate its capabilities.
Asynchronous Coded Caching (2019)

Coded caching is a technique that promises huge reductions in network traffic in content-delivery networks. However, the original formulation and several subsequent contributions in the area, assume that the file requests from the users are synchronized, i.e., they arrive at the server at the same time. In this work we formulate and study the coded caching problem when the file requests from the users arrive at different times. We assume that each user also has a prescribed deadline by which they want their request to be completed. In the offline case, we assume that the server knows the arrival times before starting transmission and in the online case, the user requests are revealed to the server over time. We present a linear programming formulation for the offline case that minimizes the overall rate subject to constraint that each user meets his/her deadline. While the online case is much harder, we introduce a novel heuristic for the online case and show that under certain conditions, with high probability the request of each user can be satisfied with her/his deadline. Our simulation results indicate that in the presence of mild asynchronism, much of the benefit of coded caching can still be leveraged.
Cross talk between catabolic pathways in Pseudomonas putida: XylS-dependent and -independent activation of the TOL meta operon requires the same cis-acting sequences within the Pm promoter (1994)

The Pm promoter of the meta cleavage operon in the TOL (toluene degradation) plasmid pWW0 of Pseudomonas putida becomes activated by the plasmid-encoded XylS regulator in the presence of benzoate and certain substituted analogs such as 3-methylbenzoate. In the absence of XylS, Pm was still responsive to unsubstituted benzoate but with induction kinetics and a range of transcriptional activity which differed substantially from those for the XylS-mediated activation. XylS-independent induction by benzoate did not occur in a rpoN genetic background. Pm was also silent while cells were actively growing in rich medium. However, XylS-dependent transcription and XylS-independent transcription were initiated at the same nucleotide, as determined with primer extension mapping. Furthermore, a series of deletions and mutations at the Pm promoter sequence showed the same overall pattern of responsiveness to benzoate with and without XylS, thus providing genetic evidence that the same promoter structure is recognized and activated by at least two different regulators. One of them is XylS, while the other, provided by the host bacterium, could be related to the chromosome-encoded benzoate degradation pathway.
Advanced Fluid Mechanics W.P. Graebel Academic Press, 84 Theobalds Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK. 2007. 362pp. £39.95. ISBN 978-0-12-370885-4. (2008)

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Novel desulphurization of thiourea derivatives by alkaline autoxidation (1984)

Autoxidation of 1,3-disubstituted thioureas in the presence of oxygen and tertiary butoxide in tertiary butanol afforded the corresponding ureas in good yields together with small amounts of the corresponding guanidines while the same treatment of benz- or naphth-imidazole-2-thiones gave the parent imidazoles and the 2-sulphonic acids.
Semi‐autonomous image‐guided brain tumour resection using an integrated robotic system: A bench‐top study (2017)

This work presents a semi-automated laboratory setup, simulating an intraoperative robotic neurosurgical procedure with real-time endoscopic image guidance and provides a foundation for the future transition from engineering approaches to clinical application.
Dynamic Transition in a Hierarchical Ising System (1986)

A one-dimensional kinetic Ising model, with hierarchical couplings, is solved. We find algebraic relaxation of the magnetization, with a temperature-dependent exponent, and breakdown of dynamic scaling. The nonlinear relaxation time diverges with the system size below a dynamic transition temperature. Possible relevance to dilute Ising systems at percolation is discussed.
A 0.13 μm CMOS power conditioning circuit for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (2017)

Piezoelectric harvesters have been subject to a growing interest in recent years as they can provide a clean source of energy. To extract the power from the harvester, power conditioning circuits are required. In this article, a circuit is proposed to meet the requirements of relatively high efficiency, low voltage operation, good load regulation and sufficient DC output voltage. A combined cross-coupled rectifier and a switched capacitor DC-DC converter is designed and simulated in a CMOS 0.13 μm technology to provide a stable DC supply (1.2 V) to power integrated autonomous sensor systems.
CLN-1 and CLN-5, genes for infantile and variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, are expressed in the embryonic human brain (2000)

Mutations in the CLN-1 and CLN-5 genes underlie the infantile, and Finnish variant of the late-infantile, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, respectively. These disorders are characterized by a massive neuronal death early in childhood. We have studied mRNA and protein expression of CLN-1 and CLN-5 in embryonic human brains. The spatial and temporal distributions of CLN-1 and CLN-5 were similar in the embryonic human brain. Both genes are expressed at the beginning of cortical neurogenesis, and this expression increases as cortical development proceeds. In the developing cortical plate, expression is found in postmitotic migrating neuroblasts and neuroblasts that have completed migration. Expression was intense also in cells of the thalamus as well as in the future Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. These findings indicate that expression of CLN-1 and CLN-5 may be significant for development of a wide range of maturating neurons.
Immunomodulating effects in vitro of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma on human blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells. (1988)

Mononuclear cells (MNC) derived from peripheral blood (PBMNC) of 23 normal donors and 4 AIDS patients, and from bone marrow (BMMNC) of 15 normal donors were incubated at 37 degrees C in culture medium alone or in the presence of either natural or recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) or recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; 1-1,000 U/ml). The cultured cells were washed on days 1, 4 or 7 and tested for various immune functions in vitro and for cell surface phenotype. IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, was found mitogenic for both PBMNC and BMMNC. The natural killer (NK) activity of both PBMNC and BMMNC was the only function tested that was markedly augmented (over 100-fold compared to medium control) by both lymphokines. Pretreatment of PBMNC with IL-2 at greater than or equal to 10 U/ml profoundly suppressed (up to 90%) various functions, such as mitogenic responses (phytohemmagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen), allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction, antibody production and T cell colony formation in agar. In contrast, some BMMNC functions were elevated at low doses of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and significant suppression of BMMNC was seen only with high doses of IL-2 (greater than or equal to 100 U/ml) and IFN-gamma (1,000 U/ml). IL-2 was by far more effective than IFN-gamma in both the amplification of NK activity and the suppression of most of the other functions. IL-2, but not IFN-gamma, was found to activate/induce suppressor cells and increased the proportion of Leu-2+ (CD8) cells in PBMNC; the suppressive effect was time- and dose-dependent. The IL-2-induced suppression could be diminished by inclusion of anti-IL-2 antibody during the pretreatment phase. Similar suppressive effects were noted in PBMNC from AIDS patients. These findings suggest that: (a) high-dose IL-2 may elicit immunosuppression which can be mediated by nondiscriminative highly cytotoxic cells (i.e. lymphokine-activated killer cells) and/or by noncytotoxic, nonspecific suppressor cells, and (b) that PBMNC respond differently to the lymphokines than do BMMNC.
Search for excited quarks in the γ+jet final state in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV (2014)

A search for excited quarks decaying into the + jet final state is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV at the LHC. Events with photons and jets with high transverse momenta are selected and the + jet invariant mass distribution is studied to search for a resonance peak. The 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction are evaluated as a function of the excited quark mass. Limits on excited quarks are presented as a function of their mass and coupling strength; masses below 3.5 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for unit couplings to their standard model partners.
Review of devices and clinical need for non-blood contacting mechanical circulatory support (2022)

LVADs have been in clinical use for a half-century and have advanced through at least 3 generations resulting in compact, durable, and powerful pumps that can deliver blood flow that exceeds the needs of the body at rest. In so doing, these devices have become the best alternative to transplant for patients with end-stage heart failure. That said, the blood contacting interface of these pumps is likely the cause of complications and contraindications that persist with successive generations. Patients with elevated risk for side effects or patients with biventricular failure and other conditions represent the 25% of patients that are not candidates for LVAD therapy. Such patients represent the clinical need for non-blood contacting mechanical circulatory support. The clinical use of direct cardiac compression devices is limited, and there are no devices available for human use. Technological challenges remain, yet these devices continue to be developed and tested in animal models of heart failure.
Release of micro- and nanoparticles from a polypropylene/clay nanocomposite, a methodology for controlled degradation and evaluation (2021)

A methodology was developed for qualitative assessment and characterisation of particle losses from nanocomposites during service life. The methodology can be generalised to other systems where the material fragments during ageing and can be extended to quantitative analysis. A chamber was constructed for ageing of selected materials, which enabled effective collection and subsequent analysis of released particles. A combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was found to be suitable for characterising particles in terms of size, shape and content. The methodology was tested on a common nanoclay composite with polypropylene as the matrix. There was no need for physical/mechanical wear to generate particles, slow flow of air and elevated temperature led to cracking and fragmentation of the material, and subsequent release of nanocomposite particles containing embedded or protruding clay. The release of pure clay particles and polypropylene particles was also detected. Using the methodology, it was observed that even in ‘mild’ degradation conditions (pure thermo-oxidation with no wear), fillers and nanocomposite particles can be released to the environment, which is an environmental and health concern.