gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure time dependence of image quality in high-speed retinal in vivo Fourier domain OCT (2005)

We built a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) system using a line scan CCD camera that allows real time data display and acquisition. This instrument is able to produce 2D B-scans as well as 3D data sets with human subjects in vivo in clinical settings. In this paper we analyze the influence of varying exposure times of the CCD detector on image quality. Sensitivity values derived from theoretical predictions have been compared with measurements (obtained with mirrors and neutral density filters placed in both interferometer arms). The results of these experiments, discussion about differences between sensitivity values, potential sources of discrepancies, and recommendations for optimal exposure times will be described in this paper. A short discussion of observed artifacts as well as possible ways to remove them is presented. The influence of relative retinal position with respect to reference mirror position will also be described.
The Regulation of Expression of the Stx2d Toxins in Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli O91:H21 Strain B2F1 (2002)

Shiga toxin (Stx) types 1 and 2 are encoded within intact or defective temperate bacteriophages in Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and expression of these toxins is linked to bacteriophage induction. Among Stx2 variants, only stx2e from one human STEC isolate has been reported to be encoded within a toxin-converting phage. In this study, I examined O91:H21 STEC isolate B2F1 that carries two functional alleles (stx2d1 and stx2d2) for the potent activatable Stx2 variant toxin, Stx2d, for the presence of Stx2d converting bacteriophages and other potential regulators of toxin expression. Mutants of B2F1 that produced one or the other Stx2d toxin were made. The Stx2d1-producing mutant (stx2d2::cat) was less cytotoxic for Vero cells than the Stx2d2-producing mutant (stx2d1::cat). Consistent with those results, the Stx2d1-producing mutant was attenuated in a streptomycin-treated mouse model of STEC infection, while the Stx2d2-producing mutant was nearly as virulent as wild-type B2F1. When the mutants were treated with mitomycin C to promote bacteriophage induction, Vero cell cytotoxicity was elevated only in extracts of the Stx2d1-producing mutant. Additionally, when mice were treated with ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic that induces the O157:H7 Stx2-converting phage, the animals were more susceptible to the Stx2d1-producing mutant. An stx2d1-containing lysogen was isolated from plaques on strain DH5&amp;#945; that had been exposed to lysates of the mutant that produced Stx2d1 only. However, that RecA- lysogen could not be induced for phage nor were culture lysates from it cytotoxic for Vero cells. By contrast, when the lysogen was transformed with a plasmid encoding RecA and induced with mitomycin C, culture extracts were cytotoxic for Vero cells. Furthermore, electron microscopic examination of extracts from the &amp;#966;B2F1-lysogen showed hexagonal particles that r
First-Order Transition in anxyModel with Nearest-Neighbor Interactions (1984)

An $x\ensuremath{-}y$ model with nearest-neighbor interaction $V(\ensuremath{\theta})=2J{1\ensuremath{-}{[{cos}^{2}(\frac{\ensuremath{\theta}}{2})]}^{{p}^{2}}}$ is studied by Monte Carlo simulation. The model has a transition from a paramagnetic to an algebraic (massless) phase. An increase of the parameter $p$, which changes the shape of the potential, brings about a change in the nature of the transition from continuous to first order.
35. COMPARATIVE ANATOMIC EVALUATION OF SURGIAL APPROACHES TO THE UPPER THORACIC (T1-T4) VERTEBRAE (1991)

: Seventh Annual Meeting of the Joint Section on Disorder of the Spine and Peripheral Nerve AANS/CNS: February 13–17, Rancho Mirage, California: PDF Only
Blind detection of SCMA for uplink grant-free multiple-access (2014)

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a new frequency domain non-orthogonal multiple-access technique which can enable massive connectivity and grant-free transmission in wireless radio access. With SCMA, different incoming data streams are directly mapped to codewords of different multi-dimensional cookbooks, where each codeword represents a spread transmission layer. Multiple SCMA layers share the same time-frequency resources of OFDMA. The sparsity of codewords allows low complexity of multi-layer detection for excessive codeword overloading which is the key feature to enable massive connectivity. In this paper, a blind detection solution is introduced and analyzed to support massive connectivity in a SCMA-based UL grant-free multiple access. The proposed solution is based on two major components: i) blind detection of active pilots/users with reasonable complexity, and ii) blind decoding of active users' data with no knowledge of active codebook set. Different activity detection algorithms and schemes are proposed, described, and analyzed. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes in various scenarios. Our analysis and performance evaluation confirm the proposed SCMA-based blind reception solution is a promising technology to enable massive connectivity for grant-free multiple-access transmission mode in future wireless networks.
DIBPro: Automatic Diagnostic Program Generation Tool (2006)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a tool for generating automatic diagnostic programs for mixed-signal device interface boards (DIB). The tool can be utilized on any ATE platform
Development of Mesh Morphing Technique Involving Addition and Deletion of Feature for Tetrahedral Mesh(Mechanical Systems) (2009)

We developed a mesh morphing technique that can be used to change the shape of existing analytical mesh models, and we generated a mesh model for a new shape by morphing the mesh model for the previous one. Our technique can be used for analysis during the early stages of design because it reduces the time required to generate analytical mesh models. Compared with conventional techniques, our technique adds and deletes the feature in the original mesh by using a Boolean technique and a mesh improvement technique. Our technique can process the addition and deletion of a feature in a 100000-element mesh model in about 1 minute. Moreover, this technique can generate high-quality meshes that ensure the element stretch is more than 0.1. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our technique by applying it to models of two different kinds of engine blocks.
Effects of c-raf-1 and c-mycExpression on Radiation Response in anin VitroModel of Human Small-Cell-Lung Carcinoma (1998)

In this study we examined the radiation survival response of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) stably transfected with c-raf-1 and/or c-myc. C-raf-1 transfectants (2B-raf), and c-raf-1 and c-myc double transfectants (2B-raf/myc) were relatively radioresistant compared with c-myc (2B-myc) or control vector transfectants (2B-neo) (2B-raf, D0 = 2.445 Gy; 2B-raf/myc, D0 = 2.46 Gy; 2B-myc, D0 = 1.501 Gy; 2B-neo, D0 = 2.029 Gy). The steady state level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA was higher in radioresistant cells (2B-raf and 2B-raf/myc). In addition, 2B-raf but not 2B-raf/myc or 2B-myc transfectants revealed relatively higher number of cells in G2+M phase of the cell cycle. These findings present experimental evidence that Raf-1 expression correlates with the radiation-resistant response of 2B-raf or 2B-raf/myc transfectants and suggest a role of SOD in Raf-1-associated radiation resistance. Because 2B-raf transfectants are non-tumorigenic, and double transfectants (2B-raf/myc) are tumorigenic with some phenotypic traits found in small-cell lung carcinomas, our data imply a dissociation between the Raf-1-mediated mechanisms of radiation protection and progression of lung neoplasia.
Supplementary Table 1 from The Insulin Receptor Negatively Regulates the Action of <i>Pseudomonas</i> Toxin-Based Immunotoxins and Native <i>Pseudomonas</i> Toxin (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 93K, Summary of the results of SS1P toxicity after IR knock down or addition of inhibitors in KB31 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Ab initiostructure determination and quantitative disorder analysis on nanoparticles by electron diffraction tomography (2018)

Nanoscaled porous materials such as zeolites have attracted substantial attention in industry due to their catalytic activity, and their performance in sorption and separation processes. In order to understand the properties of such materials, current research focuses increasingly on the determination of structural features beyond the averaged crystal structure. Small particle sizes, various types of disorder and intergrown structures render the description of structures at atomic level by standard crystallographic methods difficult. This paper reports the characterization of a strongly disordered zeolite structure, using a combination of electron exit-wave reconstruction, automated diffraction tomography (ADT), crystal disorder modelling and electron diffraction simulations. Zeolite beta was chosen for a proof-of-principle study of the techniques, because it consists of two different intergrown polymorphs that are built from identical layer types but with different stacking sequences. Imaging of the projected inner Coulomb potential of zeolite beta crystals shows the intergrowth of the polymorphs BEA and BEB. The structures of BEA as well as BEB could be extracted from one single ADT data set using direct methods. A ratio for BEA/BEB = 48:52 was determined by comparison of the reconstructed reciprocal space based on ADT data with simulated electron diffraction data for virtual nanocrystals, built with different ratios of BEA/BEB. In this way, it is demonstrated that this smart interplay of the above-mentioned techniques allows the elaboration of the real structures of functional materials in detail - even if they possess a severely disordered structure.
PEACH DEFECT DETECTION WITH MACHINE VISION (1991)

ABSTRACT A laboratory machine vision system was developed to detect and identify surface defects (scar, cuts, bruise, scale, wormhole, and brown rot) on fresh market peaches. Image analysis algorithms were developed for segmenting defect regions in the peach images, and a classifier identified the segmented regions as specific defect types. Experimental tests were conducted to determine system accuracy in estimating defect area and identifying defect type. Sample correlation coefficients between predicted and manudly measured defect areas ranged from 0.56 for scale to 0.92 for brown rot. Classifier performance in identifying each segmented region as a member of one of eight classes (scar, stem cavity, cut, bruise, scale, wormhole, brown rot, and noise) was 31% error rate for the near-infrared system and 40% for the color system.
A fast track to the neocortex: long-term memory representations in the parietal cortex (2018)

Traditional models of systems memory consolidation postulate two interacting memory stores, with rapid encoding of new information supported by the hippocampus and a gradually developing, stable storage in neocortical circuits. Recently, the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), particularly the precuneus, has been proposed as a cardinal location of neocortical long-term memory. We have shown functional activity in this area over repeated learning that is memory specific, long-term stable and related to memory accuracy. To conclusively identify the PPC as a location of memory storage, learning-contingent, lasting structural changes have to be demonstrated as well. Here, we used diffusion MRI to assess changes in brain microstructure, which reflect neuronal plasticity. 41 participants learned object-place associations over 8 learning-recall repetitions in two sessions. Task-related activity was tracked with fMRI. Structural changes were assessed with dMRI at three time points (before, 90 minutes and 12 h after learning). A non-learning condition measured at the same times was employed as control. Functional PPC activity increases with learning repetitions, remains stable over a 13-h period and strongly correlates with recall performance. Furthermore, decreases in mean diffusivity indicate structural changes in the same area, which also develop after learning, remain stable for over 12 hours and correlate with behavioral performance. We thus show functional and structural changes in the PPC that fulfill all requirements for a neocortical long-term memory representation: learning specificity, long-term stability and behavioral relevance. The confirmation of structural plasticity in particular proves the importance of the PPC as a site of neocortical memory storage.
Quantitative Morphologic Changes of Nephron Structures and Urinary Enzyme Activity Pattern in Sodium-Maleate-Induced Renal Injury (1989)

The morphologic changes in sodium-maleate-induced acute renal injury in the rat were quantified by a stereologic analysis. The major changes were confined to an increase in endocytic vacuoles and a decrease in mitochondrial inner membrane surface area. These results were found to be linked to significantly increased urinary activities of the cytosolic of the cytosolic enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) and lactate dehydrogenase, the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and the NAD-dependent mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH). The highest increase was found for NAG, followed by FBP and ICDH.
Neutron/gamma pulse shape discrimination in EJ-299-34 at high flux (2015)

The effect of scintillator geometry on the quality of neutron/γ pulse shape discrimination (PSD) in EJ-299 plastic scintillator, using a digital charge integration PSD algorithm has been studied. It is shown that the PSD Figure of Merit (FOM) reduces as the geometry of the scintillator moves from a cube-like shape towards a flat panel shape. The PSD performance in this material at high flux irradiation is investigated with performance deteriorating at rates of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> photons/s. The use of EJ-299 for security applications, with a focus on active interrogation environments is explored in conjunction with a system capable of neutron/γ separation and localisation.
Integration and Dielectric Reliability of 30 nm Half Pitch Structures in Aurora® LK HM (2010)

Aurora ® LK HM ( k =3.2) material has been successfully integrated into 30 nm half pitch structures. This material outperforms Aurora ® LK ( k =3.0) in terms of breakdown field strength and mechanical properties. Scaling of the physical vapor deposition (PVD) based barrier/seed process and adjusting of the barrier chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) overpolish condition were yield enabling factors. No degradation of the breakdown field upon reducing half pitch is observed down to 30 nm for line lengths up to at least 1 mm. The median time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) lifetime, as evaluated on a 1 mm 35 nm half pitch parallel line structure, exceeds 10 years at an electrical field of 2.6 MV/cm.
Computational snapshot angular-spectral lensless imaging (2017)

By placing a diffractive element in front of an image sensor, we are able to multiplex the spectral and angular information of a scene onto the image sensor. Reconstruction of the angular-spectral distribution is attained by first calibrating the angular-spectral response of the system and then, applying optimization-based matrix inversion. In our proof-of-concept demonstration, we imaged the 1D angle and the spectrum with resolutions of 0.15o and 6nm, respectively. The information is reconstructed from a single frame, thereby enabling snapshot functionality for video-rate imaging.
Centralized Consensus Hemagglutinin Genes Induce Protective Immunity against H1, H3 and H5 Influenza Viruses (2015)

With the exception of the live attenuated influenza vaccine there have been no substantial changes in influenza vaccine strategies since the 1940's. Here we report an alternative vaccine approach that uses Adenovirus-vectored centralized hemagglutinin (HA) genes as vaccine antigens. Consensus H1-Con, H3-Con and H5-Con HA genes were computationally derived. Mice were immunized with Ad vaccines expressing the centralized genes individually. Groups of mice were vaccinated with 1 X 1010, 5 X 107 and 1 X 107 virus particles per mouse to represent high, intermediate and low doses, respectively. 100% of the mice that were vaccinated with the high dose vaccine were protected from heterologous lethal challenges within each subtype. In addition to 100% survival, there were no signs of weight loss and disease in 7 out of 8 groups of high dose vaccinated mice. Lower doses of vaccine showed a reduction of protection in a dose-dependent manner. However, even the lowest dose of vaccine provided significant levels of protection against the divergent influenza strains, especially considering the stringency of the challenge virus. In addition, we found that all doses of H5-Con vaccine were capable of providing complete protection against mortality when challenged with lethal doses of all 3 H5N1 influenza strains. This data demonstrates that centralized H1-Con, H3-Con and H5-Con genes can be effectively used to completely protect mice against many diverse strains of influenza. Therefore, we believe that these Ad-vectored centralized genes could be easily translated into new human vaccines.
Glioma-expressed antigen 2 (GLEA2): a novel protein that can elicit immune responses in glioblastoma patients and some controls (2001)

Glioma constitutes the most frequent brain tumour in man with glioblastoma as the most prevalent and malignant type. The average survival time of less than 16 months underlines the need for improvements in diagnosis and therapy. Here, we report the identification of a novel antigen termed glioma-expressed antigen 2 (GLEA2) causing a frequent immune response in glioma patients. Screening of 450 000 clones from a glioblastoma lambda zap expression library with autologous patient serum revealed a group of five serum-positive clones sharing a high sequence homology. Further sequence analysis showed a sequence homology to a hepatocellular carcinoma associated antigen 58 (HCA58). We localized the novel HCA homologous gene termed glioma-expressed antigen 2 (GLEA2) on chromosome 20 by somatic cell hybrid panel mapping. Using allogenic sera from 39 glioblastoma patients, we found an immune response against GLEA2 in 17 patients (43%). In addition, screening with allogenic sera from other glioma patients revealed GLEA2 directed antibodies in two out of five pilocytic astrocytomas and in one out of two astrocytomas. Unrelated tumour sera revealed no immune response and sera from healthy persons showed an immune response in two out of 14 cases (14%). Northern blot hybridization and RT-PCR showed ubiquitous GLEA2 gene expression in glioma and normal tissues. The novel HCA homologous gene, GLEA2, appears to induce a frequent immune response in glioma. In the light of the lack of useful glioma markers, it appears reasonable to consider GLEA2 as a potential future diagnostic marker.
Essentials of Chemical Biology: Structure and Dynamics of Biological Macromolecules. By Andrew D. Miller and Julian Tanner. (2009)

Abstract Wiley, Hoboken 2008, 590 pp., softcover $ 75.00.—ISBN 978‐0‐470‐84531‐8 magnified image
Ionitronic manipulation of current-induced domain wall motion in synthetic antiferromagnets (2021)

The current induced motion of domain walls forms the basis of several advanced spintronic technologies. The most efficient domain wall motion is found in synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) structures that are composed of an upper and a lower ferromagnetic layer coupled antiferromagnetically via a thin ruthenium layer. The antiferromagnetic coupling gives rise to a giant exchange torque with which current moves domain walls at maximum velocities when the magnetic moments of the two layers are matched. Here we show that the velocity of domain walls in SAF nanowires can be reversibly tuned by several hundred m/s in a non-volatile manner by ionic liquid gating. Ionic liquid gating results in reversible changes in oxidation of the upper magnetic layer in the SAF over a wide gate-voltage window. This changes the delicate balance in the magnetic properties of the SAF and, thereby, results in large changes in the exchange coupling torque and the current-induced domain wall velocity. Furthermore, we demonstrate an example of an ionitronic-based spintronic switch as a component of a potential logic technology towards energy-efficient, all electrical, memory-in-logic.
Macro-to-Micro Structural Proteomics: Native Source Proteins for High-Throughput Crystallization (2012)

Structural biology and structural genomics projects routinely rely on recombinantly expressed proteins, but many proteins and complexes are difficult to obtain by this approach. We investigated native source proteins for high-throughput protein crystallography applications. The Escherichia coli proteome was fractionated, purified, crystallized, and structurally characterized. Macro-scale fermentation and fractionation were used to subdivide the soluble proteome into 408 unique fractions of which 295 fractions yielded crystals in microfluidic crystallization chips. Of the 295 crystals, 152 were selected for optimization, diffraction screening, and data collection. Twenty-three structures were determined, four of which were novel. This study demonstrates the utility of native source proteins for high-throughput crystallography.
$$\pi ^{0}$$ π 0 and $$\eta $$ η meson production in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=8$$ s = 8 TeV (2018)

An invariant differential cross section measurement of inclusive $\pi ^{0}$ and $\eta $ meson production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV was carried out by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The spectra of $\pi ^{0}$ and $\eta $ mesons were measured in transverse momentum ranges of $0.33.5$ $\text{ GeV/c }$ . However, a deviation from this empirical scaling rule is observed for transverse momenta below $p_{ \text{ T }} &lt;3.5$ $\text{ GeV/c }$ in the $\eta /\pi ^0$ ratio with a significance of $6.2\sigma $ .
Valley Splitting of AlAs Two-Dimensional Electrons in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field (2002)

By measuring the angles at which the Landau levels overlap in tilted magnetic fields (the coincidence method), we determine the splitting of the conduction-band valleys in high-mobility two-dimensional electrons confined to AlAs quantum wells. The data reveal that, while the valleys are nearly degenerate in the absence of magnetic field, they split as a function of perpendicular magnetic field. The splitting appears to depend primarily on the magnitude of the perpendicular component of the magnetic field, suggesting electron-electron interaction as its origin.