gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well in-line fiber intensity modulator (1999)

We demonstrate a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well in-line fiber optic intensity modulator. Based on evanescent wave coupling between a GaAs/AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well waveguide and a single-mode fiber, this device concept combines the inherent advantages of in-line fiber devices with high-speed GaAs integrated optoelectronics. The GaAs waveguide uses distributed Bragg mirror layers to phase match to the low-index fiber. Intensity modulation of the transmitted light through the fiber is achieved by tuning the effective propagation index of the GaAs waveguide via the quantum-confined Stark effect. Initial structures show a modulation contrast (ΔT/T) of more than 53%, with an applied voltage of 5 V.
Binding of the proline-rich region of the epithelial Na+ channel to SH3 domains and its association with specific cellular proteins (1995)

The amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is an important component of the Na(+)-reabsorption pathway in many epithelia. The identification of three subunits of ENaC (alpha, beta and gamma), as well as results from a number of functional and biochemical studies, suggests that functional Na+ channels are composed of a complex of proteins. To learn about possible interactions of the channel with other proteins, we studied the alpha-subunit of rat and human ENaC. We found that the proline-rich C-terminal domains of both rat and human alpha-ENaC, expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, bound to SH3 domains in vitro. A 116 kDa protein from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (H441) was specifically bound by the human alpha-ENaC C-terminal fusion protein and by a shorter 18-amino acid proline-rich peptide derived from the larger fusion protein. The 116 kDa protein was not glycosylated and was not phosphorylated on tyrosine or by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). A 134 kDa protein which was also bound by the human alpha-ENaC C-terminal fusion protein was a substrate for phosphorylation by PKA. These data suggest that the proline-rich C-terminal tail of alpha-ENaC may interact with other proteins that control its function, regulation or localization.
Recruitment of Epo-R into lipid rafts is dependent on Rac1 and RhoA GTPase activation. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Raft fractions were isolated from UT7 cells pretreated with 100 nM Rac1 inhibitor for 1 hr prior to Epo stimulation then immunoblotted for Epo-R with corresponding quantitation. (B) Raft fractions were isolated from UT7 cells pretreated with 100 uM ROCK inhibitor (Y-27632) for 1 h prior to Epo stimulation then immunoblotted for Epo-R with corresponding densitometry analysis. Westerns are representative of two independent experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
Design and control of a parallel linkage wrist for robotic microsurgery (2015)

This paper presents the design and control of a teleoperated robotic system for dexterous micromanipulation tasks at the meso-scale, specifically open microsurgery. Robotic open microsurgery is an unexplored yet potentially a high impact area of surgical robotics. Microsurgical operations, such as microanastomosis of blood vessels and reattachment of nerve fibers, require high levels of manual dexterity and accuracy that surpass human capabilities. A 3-DoF robotic wrist is designed and built based on a spherical five-bar mechanism. The wrist is attached to a 3-axis commercial off-the-shelf linear stage, achieving a fully dexterous system. Design requirements are determined using motion data collected during a simulated microanastomosis operation. The wrist design is optimized to maximize workspace and manipulability. The system is teleoperated using a haptic device, and has the required bandwidth to replicate microsurgical motions. The system was successfully used in a micromanipulation task to stack 1 mm-diameter metal spheres. The micromanipulation system presented here may improve surgical outcomes during open microsurgery by offering better accuracy and dexterity to surgeons.
Identification of residues critical for catalysis in a class C β‐lactamase by combinatorial scanning mutagenesis (2003)

Despite their clinical importance, the mechanism of action of the class C beta-lactamases is poorly understood. In contrast to the class A and class D beta-lactamases, which contain a glutamate residue and a carbamylated lysine in their respective active sites that are thought to serve as general base catalysts for beta-lactam hydrolysis, the mechanism of activation of the serine and water nucleophiles in the class C enzymes is unclear. To probe for residues involved in catalysis, the class C beta-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae P99 was studied by combinatorial scanning mutagenesis at 122 positions in and around the active site. Over 1000 P99 variants were screened for activity in a high-throughput in vivo antibiotic resistance assay and sequenced by 96-capillary electrophoresis to identify residues that are important for catalysis. P99 mutants showing reduced capability to convey antibiotic resistance were purified and characterized in vitro. The screen identified an active-site hydrogen-bonding network that is key to catalysis. A second cluster of residues was identified that likely plays a structural role in the enzyme. Otherwise, residues not directly contacting the substrate showed tolerance to substitution. The study lends support to the notion that the class C beta-lactamases do not have a single residue that acts as the catalytic general base. Rather, catalysis is affected by a hydrogen-bonding network in the active site, suggesting a possible charge relay system.
Structural studies of apoptosis and ion transport regulatory proteins in membranes (2004)

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is being used to determine the structures of membrane proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis and ion transport. The Bcl-2 family includes pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins that play a major regulatory role in mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis or programmed cell death. The NMR data obtained for (15)N-labeled anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL in lipid bilayers are consistent with membrane association through insertion of the two central hydrophobic alpha-helices that are also required for channel formation and cytoprotective activity. The FXYD family proteins regulate ion flux across membranes, through interaction with the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, in tissues that perform fluid and solute transport or that are electrically excitable. We have expressed and purified three FXYD family members, Mat8 (mammary tumor protein), CHIF (channel-inducing factor) and PLM (phospholemman), for structure determination by NMR in lipids. The solid-state NMR spectra of Bcl-2 and FXYD proteins, in uniaxially oriented lipid bilayers, give the first view of their membrane-associated architectures.
A community analysis of the IEEE IES industrial agents technical committee (2017)

At the dawn of the 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> industrial revolution, the use of software agents, service-oriented architectures and related technologies as primary constructs of Cyber-Physical Industrial systems is of high relevance. Current developments in this area have been consistently supported by an active community of researchers and practitioners in the past decades. Most of the main actors in the area are members of the IEEE IES Technical Community on Industrial Agents (TCIA). This work analyzes the evolution of this research and development network. It does so by identifying and investigating specialized sub-communities within the larger umbrella of Industrial Agents, their research interests and directions. In total of 7430 documents from 8045 authors were collected from the Google Scholar profiles of the TCIA members. The analysis reveals different research trends, transitions over the years and the emergence of application and domain foci, that are critically discussed.
Efficient detection of determinacy races in Cilk programs (1997)

A parallel multithreaded program that is ostensibly deterministic may nevertheless behave nondeterministically due to bugs in the code. These bugs are called determinacy races, and they result when one thread updates a location in shared memory while another thread is concurrently accessing the location. We have implemented a provabl y efficient determinacy-race detector for Cilk, an algorithmic multithreaded programming language. If a Cilk program run on a given input data set has a determinacy race, our debugging tool, which we call the "Nondeterrninator," guarantees to detect and localize the race.
Impaired telomere maintenance in Alazami syndrome patients with LARP7 deficiency (2016)

Together, these experiments demonstrate that in addition to the readily apparent developmental disorder associated with LARP7 deficiency, an underlying telomeropathy exists even in unaffected siblings of these individuals.
Flexible Development of Dense Linear Algebra Algorithms on Massively Parallel Architectures with DPLASMA (2011)

We present a method for developing dense linear algebra algorithms that seamlessly scales to thousands of cores. It can be done with our project called DPLASMA (Distributed PLASMA) that uses a novel generic distributed Direct Acyclic Graph Engine (DAGuE). The engine has been designed for high performance computing and thus it enables scaling of tile algorithms, originating in PLASMA, on large distributed memory systems. The underlying DAGuE framework has many appealing features when considering distributed-memory platforms with heterogeneous multicore nodes: DAG representation that is independent of the problem-size, automatic extraction of the communication from the dependencies, overlapping of communication and computation, task prioritization, and architecture-aware scheduling and management of tasks. The originality of this engine lies in its capacity to translate a sequential code with nested-loops into a concise and synthetic format which can then be interpreted and executed in a distributed environment. We present three common dense linear algebra algorithms from PLASMA (Parallel Linear Algebra for Scalable Multi-core Architectures), namely: Cholesky, LU, and QR factorizations, to investigate their data driven expression and execution in a distributed system. We demonstrate through experimental results on the Cray XT5 Kraken system that our DAG-based approach has the potential to achieve sizable fraction of peak performance which is characteristic of the state-of-the-art distributed numerical software on current and emerging architectures.
Analysis of IGBT Charging/Discharging Mechanism for Accurate Compact Modeling (2019)

The trench-type IGBT has been intensively investigated for very high-voltage applications. Our purpose in this study is to clarify the switching features of the IGBT for developing an accurate compact model, which can predict the switching losses accurately. The main focus is therefore given on the carrier dynamics within the device during switching. It is demonstrated that the ambipolar feature of the bipolar function of IGBT leads to a fast carrier response during the switching. The large amount of the majority-carrier existence realizes this rapid reaction of the carrier dynamics in response to the switching condition.
Prolonged blockade of VEGF receptors does not damage retinal photoreceptors or ganglion cells (2010)

It has recently been reported that relatively short-term inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling can cause photoreceptor cell death, a potentially clinically important finding since VEGF blockade has become an important modality of treatment of ocular neovascularization and macular edema. However, in a set of studies in which we achieved extended and complete blockage of VEGF-induced vascular leakage through retinal expression of a VEGF binding protein, we did not observe any toxicity to retinal neurons. To follow-up on these apparently discrepant findings, we designed a set of experiments with the kinase inhibitor SU4312, which blocks phosphorylation of VEGF receptors, to look directly for evidence of VEGF inhibition-related retinal toxicity. Using transgenic mice with sustained expression of VEGF in photoreceptors, we determined that periocular injection of 3 microg of SU4312 every 5 days markedly suppressed subretinal neovascularization, indicating effective blockade of VEGF signaling. Wild-type mice given periocular injections of 5 microg of SU4312 every 5 days for up to 12 weeks showed normal scotopic and photopic electroretinograms (ERGs), no TUNEL stained cells in the retina, and no reduction in outer nuclear layer thickness. Incubation of cultured ganglion cells or retinal cultures containing photoreceptors with high doses of SU4312 did not reduce cell viability. These data suggest that blocking VEGF signaling in the retina for up to 12 weeks does not damage photoreceptors nor alter ERG function and should reassure patients who are receiving frequent injections of VEGF antagonists for choroidal and retinal vascular diseases.
Multiple person and speaker activity tracking with a particle filter (2004)

In this paper, we present a system that combines sound and vision to track multiple people. In a cluttered or noisy scene, multi-person tracking estimates have a distinctly non-Gaussian distribution. We apply a particle filter with audio and video state components, and derive observation likelihood methods based on both audio and video measurements. Our state includes the number of people present, their positions, and whether each person is talking. We show experiments in an environment with sparse microphones and monocular cameras. Our results show that our system can accurately track the locations and speech activity of a varying number of people.
Cooperative Genome-Wide Analysis Shows Increased Homozygosity in Early Onset Parkinson's Disease (2012)

Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs in both familial and sporadic forms, and both monogenic and complex genetic factors have been identified. Early onset PD (EOPD) is particularly associated with autosomal recessive (AR) mutations, and three genes, PARK2, PARK7 and PINK1, have been found to carry mutations leading to AR disease. Since mutations in these genes account for less than 10% of EOPD patients, we hypothesized that further recessive genetic factors are involved in this disorder, which may appear in extended runs of homozygosity.We carried out genome wide SNP genotyping to look for extended runs of homozygosity (ROHs) in 1,445 EOPD cases and 6,987 controls. Logistic regression analyses showed an increased level of genomic homozygosity in EOPD cases compared to controls. These differences are larger for ROH of 9 Mb and above, where there is a more than three-fold increase in the proportion of cases carrying a ROH. These differences are not explained by occult recessive mutations at existing loci. Controlling for genome wide homozygosity in logistic regression analyses increased the differences between cases and controls, indicating that in EOPD cases ROHs do not simply relate to genome wide measures of inbreeding. Homozygosity at a locus on chromosome19p13.3 was identified as being more common in EOPD cases as compared to controls. Sequencing analysis of genes and predicted transcripts within this locus failed to identify a novel mutation causing EOPD in our cohort.There is an increased rate of genome wide homozygosity in EOPD, as measured by an increase in ROHs. These ROHs are a signature of inbreeding and do not necessarily harbour disease-causing genetic variants. Although there might be other regions of interest apart from chromosome 19p13.3, we lack the power to detect them with this analysis.
Применение пинеалона и кортексина для коррекции окислительного стресса в крови больных сахарным диабетом в модельной системе (2018)

Цель – изучение влияния кортексина и пинеалона на показатели свободнорадикальных процессов в крови пациентов с разным уровнем гликозилированного гемоглобина при воздействии на цельную кровь гипербарической оксигенации in vitro. Материалы и методы. Показатели свободнорадикальных процессов (уровень внеэритроцитарного гемоглобина, суммарную пероксидазную активность и показатели хемилюминесценции) исследовали в крови с разным уровнем гликозилированного гемоглобина (HbA1). Проводили следующие серии экспериментов в цельной крови: 1 серия – контроль; 2 серия – к крови добавляли физиологический раствор и подвергали воздействию 0,7 МПа О2; 3-6 серии – к крови добавляли ФР, содержащий кортексин или пинеалон в концентрациях 10 и 20 нг/мл крови; 7-10 серии – к крови добавляли физраствор, содержащий кортексин или пинеалон и повергали воздействию 0,7 МПа О2. Результаты. Кортексин в крови с содержанием гликозилированного гемоглобина 4,2-6,1 снижает суммарную пероксидазную активность и содержание внеэритроцитарного гемоглобина, вероятно, за счет снижения высоты быстрой вспышки. Введение в кровь с уровнем HbA1 6,2-12,0 кортексина, особенно, в дозировке 20 нг/мл способствует повышению интенсивности свободнорадикальных процессов. Введение пинеалона в кровь, особенно, с содержанием HbA1 6,2-12,0 приводит к значительному повышению уровня внеэритроцитарного гемоглобина на фоне возрастания светосуммы. Введение кортексина в кровь с уровнем гликозилированного гемоглобина 4,2-6,1 в модели гипербарической оксигенации способствует снижению внеэритроцитарного гемоглобина, но в крови с высоким уровнем HbA1 содержание внеэритроцитарного гемоглобина значительно превышает контрольные значения. При ведении пинеалона в кровь и моделирования гипербарической оксигенации возрастает суммарная пероксидазная активность, но уровень внеэритроцитарного гемоглобина повышается не столь значительно, как в моделях с введением кортексина. Выводы. Кортексин и пинеалон обладают модулирующим эффектом на разные звенья протекания свободнорадикальных процессов в модельной системе при повышенном давлении кислорода. Препараты оказывают дозозависимые влияния на свободнорадикальные процессы.
Radiation hardness of Ga0.5In0.5 P/GaAs tandem solar cells (1991)

The radiation hardness of a two-junction monolithic Ga sub 0.5 In sub 0.5 P/GaAs cell with tunnel junction interconnect was investigated. Related single junction cells were also studied to identify the origins of the radiation losses. The optimal design of the cell is discussed. The air mass efficiency of an optimized tandem cell after irradiation with 10(exp 15) cm (-2) 1 MeV electrons is estimated to be 20 percent using currently available technology.
Modeling and Characterization of Surface Discharges in Insulating Material for Spacers: Electrode Shape, Discharge Mode, and Revision of the Creepage Concept (2023)

In the design of MV AC and DC spacers, the predominant factors are surface and interface conditions. Design is generally carried out on specifications and standards which are based on long-term experience and lab testing. However, the diffusion of power electronics with a trend to increase electric field, switching frequency, and rise time to achieve higher power density calls for an innovative, global approach to optimized insulation system design. A new methodology, based on field simulation, discharge modeling, and partial discharge inception measurements, called the three-leg approach, can form the basis to optimize insulation design for any type of supply voltage waveform. This paper focuses on the influence of the type of electrode on the inception and phenomenology of surface discharges and, as a consequence, on the interpretation of the results used for application of the three-leg approach. It is demonstrated that a typical electrode system used for insulating material testing can generate both gas and surface discharges at the triple point, when the electrodes have a smooth profile that is used to avoid corona or flashover. Hence, testing partial discharge may not provide a straightforward indication of the surface discharge inception and, thus, be partially misleading for insulation design. Another takeover is that such analysis must benefit from PD testing tools endowed with analytics able to provide automatic identification of the type of defect generating PD, i.e., internal, surface, and corona, since design and remedy actions can be taken, and adequate insulating materials developed, only knowing the type of source generating PD. Hence, testing partial discharge may not provide a straightforward indication of surface discharge inception and, thus, be partially misleading for insulation design. In addition to the importance of the three-leg approach to favor reliable and optimized design of insulation systems, there is a clear need to have a PD testing tool endowed with analytics. It should preferably be able to provide automatic identification of the type of defect generating PD, i.e., internal, surface, and corona.
Gas diffusion in random‐fiber substrates (1989)

Abstract A Monte Carlo (MC) technique involving explicit calculation of molecular trajectories in fibrous media is used to obtain effective transport coefficients in the Knudsen regime of gas diffusion. A fully penetrable cylinders (FPC) model is used to represent a fibrous substrate during the course of densification, as in composite fabrication processes such as chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The calculated Knudsen permeabilities are in excellent agreement with available data. Accessible porosities are computed as a function of total porosity and are shown to depend on the fiber number density. The nonfiber phase is shown to percolate at ϕ ≈ 0.095, but the threshold is sensitive to the boundary conditions employed.
Restoring optical forces and torques for passive stabilization of microscopic lightsails (2021)

Directed propulsion of lightsails to relativistic speeds by laser radiation pressure demands for passive stabilization, which can be achieved with subwavelength metasurface elements. Our tailored nanophotonic design based on silicon nitride is predicted to give rise to restoring forces and torques upon small perturbations in its dynamics. By measuring the angles and intensities of the diffracted orders, we infer the light-induced pressures on our lightsail prototype. Using Michelson interferometry and laser deflection spectroscopy, we can directly observe the dynamical stability of spring-supported suspended membrane designs. Our results pave the way for lab-scale experiments on optical manipulation of microscopic lightsails.