gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4 Design Considerations for Integrated MIMO Radio Transceivers (2017)

A new technology being developed to overcome space limitations on handheld wireless devices is distributed or virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). MIMO technology is becoming a reality in consumer applications. Simpler versions of MIMO include single-input, multiple-output, where only the receiver has multiple antennas, and multiple-input, single-output, where only the transmitter has multiple antennas. The availability of multiple antennas at the receiver, the transmitter, or both, offers new possibilities for increased data rates and range in wireless systems. Baseband variable gain amplifiers are typically used in wireless receivers to amplify the received signal to the full range of the analog-to-digital converter. MIMO can operate in two general modes: spatial diversity, where the same information is encoded in multiple antennas, thus introducing redundancy and improving the reliability of the link, and spatial multiplexing, where the different antennas process differentdata streams resulting in improved spectral utilization.
Dendritic cells in islets of Langerhans constitutively present β cell-derived peptides bound to their class II MHC molecules (2008)

Islets of Langerhans from normal mice contained dendritic cells (DCs) in the range of 8-10 per islet. DCs were found in several mouse strains, including those from lymphocyte-deficient mice. DCs were absent in islets from colony stimulating factor-1 deficient mice and this absence correlated with small size islets. Most DCs were found next to blood vessels and resided in islets for several days. Some DCs contained insulin-like granules, and most expressed peptide-MHC complexes derived from beta cell proteins. Islet DCs were highly effective in presenting beta cell antigens to CD4 T cells ex vivo. Presentation of beta cell-derived peptide-MHC complexes by DCs neither depended on islet inflammation nor correlated with the extent of spontaneous beta cell death. Periislet stroma DCs did not contain beta cell peptide-MHC complexes; however, 50% of DCs in pancreatic node were positive. Hence, presentation of high levels of beta cell antigens normally takes place by islet DCs, a finding that has to be placed in the perspective of autoimmune diabetes.
Gene Editing with Crispr-Cas9 for Treating Beta-Hemoglobinopathies (2015)

Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 systems provide a powerful tool for precision genome editing due to their highly efficient targeting of specific DNA sequences in a genome. We have designed CRISPR single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) containing the guide and tracr RNAs to selectively edit the human globin locus for potential therapeutic benefit in treating sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia. Multiple sgRNAs have been identified and tested across key sites in the human globin locus, and the gene modification frequencies quantified in 293T, K562 and CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. The nuclease cutting efficiency was determined by the rate of insertions, deletions or mutations (indels) from NHEJ-directed repair. The indel rates for these sgRNAs ranged from &lt;1% to ~70%. We found that there was only a weak correlation between indel rates and deletion frequencies, and the gene modification efficiency varied between cell lines/cell types. Although bioinformatics tools are available for sgRNA design, determining the optimal sgRNAs is still largely empiric and system-dependent, thus better bioinformatics tools are needed. Our results demonstrate that, with careful design and optimization of sgRNAs, efficient genome editing can be achieved with high specificity, which promises effective treatment of beta-hemoglobinopathies. Disclosures Porteus: CRISPR Therapeutics: Consultancy, Equity Ownership. Cornu:CRISPR Therapeutics: Research Funding. Miccio:CRISPR Therapeutics: Research Funding. Cradick:CRISPR Therapeutics: Employment. Cathomen:CRISPR Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Lundberg:CRISPR Therapeutics: Employment. Mavilio:CRISPR Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Inhaled Particulate Matter Causes Expression of Nuclear Factor (NF)-κ B–Related Genes and Oxidant-Dependent NF-κ B Activation In Vitro (2000)

High levels of ambient air pollution are associated with exacerbation of asthma and respiratory morbidity, yet little is known concerning the mechanisms of inflammation and toxicity by components of inhaled particulate matter (PM). Brief inhalation of PM(2.5) (particles of an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 microns) (300 microg/m(3) air for 6 h followed by a period of 24 h in clean air) by either C3H/HeJ or C57/BL6 mice caused significant (P </= 0.05) increases in steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of a number of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-associated and/ or -regulated genes, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, and transforming growth factor-beta. Lung mRNA levels of lymphotoxin-beta and macrophage migration inhibitory factor were unchanged. In murine C10 alveolar cells and an NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter cell line, exposure to PM(2.5) at noncytotoxic concentrations resulted in increases in transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression which were inhibited in the presence of catalase. Early and persistent increases in intracellular oxidants, as measured by flow cytometry and cell imaging using the oxidant probe 2'-7'-dichlorofluoroscin diacetate, were observed in epithelial cells exposed to PM(2.5) and ultrafine carbon black particles. Studies here are the first to show NF-kappaB-related inflammatory and cytokine gene expression after inhalation of PM(2.5) and oxidant-dependent induction of NF-kappaB activity by PM(2.5) in pulmonary epithelial cells.
Complex Formation between Cationic Polymethacrylates and Oligonucleotides (2000)

With regard to the development of pharmaceutical carriers for oligonucleotides, the interactions between a cationic polymer, poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (pDMAEMA), and rhodamine-labeled 25-mer phosphodiester oligonucleotides (Rh-ONs) were studied. The composition of the pDMAEMA/Rh−ON complexes was investigated as a function of the charge ratio (φ; +/−) by increasing the pDMAEMA concentration and keeping the Rh-ON concentration constant. Gel electrophoresis revealed that at φ < 1 only a fraction of the short Rh-ONs bind the longer pDMAEMA chains. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential (ζ) indicated that at φ < 1 only a fraction of the phosphate anions on the Rh-ONs are involved in complex formation which results in “dangling” of the Rh-ONs. Moreover, from fluorescence measurements, multimolecular complexes (i.e., several Rh-ONs per pDMAEMA chain) were revealed. At 1 < φ < 3, ζ approximated zero. This led to a clustering of individual complexes. At φ > 3, all the Rh-ONs were bound while, compared to complexes at φ < 1, the average number of Rh-ONs bound to one pDMAEMA chain was decreased. The presence of multimolecular complexes was confirmed from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements. The multimolecular complexes were observed as highly intense fluorescent particles upon their diffusion through the confocal volume of the FCS instrument. Also, the decrease in the average number of Rh-ONs bound to one pDMAEMA chain, upon increasing φ, was confirmed by FCS.
The long Interesting Tail of indie TV (2006)

We describe a scenario of independent TV programme dissemination where viewers receive their own tailored channel created from content in which they’re interested. We focus primarily on the problem of distributing the content from the producers to all interested viewers. Our approach is based on a multicast scheme called implicit group messaging, realised as a distributed structured peer-to-peer network
Ultrasonic signal-processing techniques for the measurement of damage growth in structural materials (1995)

In recent years, the ultrasonic signal-processing technique, which has been enormously successful in material testing, has found few applications in the analysis of concrete damage because of the heterogeneous nature of this material. In the present study, frequency-domain analysis of the ultrasonic signals, based on the Segmented Chirp Z-Transform, has been used to both detect and monitor the crack growth in structural materials. In comparison with the usual methods of pulse velocity or attenuation measurement, a very sensitive and accurate testing method was obtained. The experimental setup is described and the preliminary results, relating to uniaxial compression tests carried out on cubic concrete specimens and bricks, discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells (2016)

Lead-halide perovskites have emerged as high-performance photovoltaic materials. We mapped the propagation of photogenerated luminescence and charges from a local photoexcitation spot in thin films of lead tri-iodide perovskites. We observed light emission at distances of ≥50 micrometers and found that the peak of the internal photon spectrum red-shifts from 765 to ≥800 nanometers. We used a lateral-contact solar cell with selective electron- and hole-collecting contacts and observed that charge extraction for photoexcitation >50 micrometers away from the contacts arose from repeated recycling between photons and electron-hole pairs. Thus, energy transport is not limited by diffusive charge transport but can occur over long distances through multiple absorption-diffusion-emission events. This process creates high excitation densities within the perovskite layer and allows high open-circuit voltages.
Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by Heterogeneous–Homogeneous Hybrid Catalyst of CeO2 and 2-Cyanopyridine via Redox of CeO2 for C–H Bond Oxidation with Air (2021)

Hybrid catalysts composed of heterogeneous and homogeneous components are promising for obtaining unique catalysis and tuning and controlling the catalytic performance; however, the examples on the development and application of the hybrid catalysts are limited. Here, we present that the hybrid catalyst of CeO2 and 2-cyanopyridine can work as an H atom abstractor of C–H bonds in alkanes. The hybrid catalyst showed high activity for the oxidation of alkanes with air as an oxidant, providing high selectivity to the alcohols and ketones. The experimental studies and DFT calculations indicate that the N atom in the CN group of 2-cyanopyridine adsorbed on CeO2 can function like an N-radical center driven by the redox of CeO2. The H atom was abstracted by the N atom in the CN group, which is induced by the reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+ in CeO2 via the electron transfer.
Abstract 914: Development of a whole-urine, next-generation sequencing-based assay for early detection of aggressive prostate cancer (2019)

Despite advances in biomarker development, early detection of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) remains challenging. Existing biomarkers show modest improvement over models based on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA). We have previously developed a clinical-grade laboratory-developed test, named MiProstate Score (MiPS), for individualized risk prediction of aggressive prostate cancer. It uses transcription-mediated amplification to quantify the gene-fusion TMPRSS2:ERG (T2:ERG) (T1E4 splice isoform) and the lncRNA PCA3 from whole-urine obtained after a digital rectal exam (DRE), combined with serum PSA. To improve MiPS, we describe here the pre-clinical development and validation of a targeted next generation sequencing assay (NGS-MiPS) using post-DRE urine RNA to asses ~90 PCa transcriptomic biomarkers. These include those in MiPS as well as many isoforms of common PCa gene fusions, mRNA, and lncRNA candidate biomarkers nominated by our large-scale PCa tissue RNAseq and other sources. We have obtained a 98% informative sample rate from 2.5 mL of urine and high technical reproducibility (Pearson r=0.99). Risk scores for having PCa [or high-grade PCa (Gleason Score >6)] on biopsy, as determined by clinical MiPS vs. the clinical MiPS model using NGS data, were highly concordant, Pearson’s r=0.74 (and r=0.81). Urine from patients with benign or Gleason 6 vs. Gleason ≥ 4+3=7 cancer on biopsy (extreme design) showed expected differences in the levels of T2:ERG T1E4 (p=0.00003) and PCA3 (p=0.07), with additional T2:ERG splice isoforms and other biomarkers also being significantly different between low vs. high grade cancer. Feature selection and logistic regression trained in an extreme design cohort (n=73) yielded a 29-transcript model that outperformed MiPS and serum PSA in two validation cohorts: 1. A held-out set from the extreme design cohort n=36, AUC 0.81 vs. 0.76 and 0.63 respectively; 2. A separate active surveillance cohort n=45, AUCs 0.66 vs. 0.56 and 0.53 respectively. These results support the potential utility of our urine based targeted NGS assay to supplement serum PSA for the early detection of aggressive prostate cancer.Citation Format: Andi K. Cani, Kevin Hu, Javed Siddiqui, Sumin Han, Daniel H. Hovelson, Chia-Jen Liu, Simpa S. Salami, Ganesh S. Palapattu, Todd M. Morgan, John T. Wei, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Scott A. Tomlins. Development of a whole-urine, next-generation sequencing-based assay for early detection of aggressive prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 914.
Urine proteomic signatures of histological class, activity, chronicity, and treatment response in lupus nephritis (2023)

Abstract Lupus nephritis (LN) is a pathologically heterogenous autoimmune disease linked to end-stage kidney disease and mortality. Better therapeutic strategies are needed as only 30-40% of patients completely respond to treatment. Noninvasive biomarkers of intrarenal inflammation may guide more precise approaches. Because urine collects the byproducts of kidney inflammation, we studied the urine proteomic profiles of 225 LN patients (573 samples) in the longitudinal Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP) in RA/SLE cohort. Urinary biomarkers of monocyte/neutrophil degranulation (i.e., PRTN3, S100A8, azurocidin, catalase, cathepsins, MMP8), macrophage activation (i.e., CD163, CD206, galectin-1), wound healing/matrix degradation (i.e., nidogen-1, decorin), and IL-16 characterized the aggressive proliferative LN classes and significantly correlated with histological activity. A decline of these biomarkers after 3 months of treatment predicted the 1-year response more robustly than proteinuria, the standard of care (AUC: CD206 0.92, EGFR 0.9, CD163 0.89, proteinuria 0.8, p&lt;0.01). Candidate biomarkers were validated and provide new potentially treatable targets. We propose these biomarkers of intrarenal immunological activity as noninvasive tools to diagnose LN, guide treatment, and as surrogate endpoints for clinical trials. These findings provide new insights into the processes involved in LN activity. This dataset (matching other AMP omics) is a public resource to generate and test hypotheses and validate biomarkers.
Development of the TCO Layer for Nanocrystalline Cubic Silicon Carbide / Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Aluminum Oxide Passivation Layers (2011)

2011 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Development of the TCO Layer for Nanocrystalline Cubic Silicon Carbide / Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Aluminum Oxide Passivation Layers
Imaging modal content of cone photoreceptors using adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (2015)

It has been long established that photoreceptors capture light based on the principles of optical waveguiding. Yet after decades of experimental and theoretical investigations considerable uncertainty remains, even for the most basic prediction as to whether photoreceptors support more than a single waveguide mode. To test for modal behavior in human cone photoreceptors, we took advantage of adaptive-optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT, &lambda;c=785 nm) to noninvasively image in three dimensions the reflectance profiles generated in the inner and outer segments (IS, OS) of cones. Mode content was examined over a range of cone diameters by imaging cones from 0.6&deg; to 10&deg; retinal eccentricity (n = 1802). Fundamental to the method was extraction of reflections at the cone IS/OS junction and cone outer segment tip (COST). Modal content properties of size, circularity and orientation were quantified using second moment analysis. Analysis of the cone reflections indicates waveguide properties of cone IS and OS depend on segment diameter. Cone IS was found to support a single mode near the fovea (&le;3&deg;) and multiple modes further away (&lt;4&deg;). In contrast, no evidence of multiple modes was found in the cone OSs. The IS/OS and COST reflections share a common optical aperture, are most circular near the fovea, and show no orientation preference.
Summarizing While Recording: Context-Based Highlight Detection for Egocentric Videos (2015)

In conventional video summarization problems, contexts (e.g., scenes, activities) are often fixed or in a specific structure (e.g., movie, sport, surveillance videos). However, egocentric videos often include a variety of scene contexts as users can bring the cameras anywhere, which makes these conventional methods not directly applicable, especially because there is limited memory storage and computing power on the wearable devices. To resolve these difficulties, we propose a context-based highlight detection method that immediately generates summaries without watching the whole video sequences. In particular, our method automatically predicts the contexts of each video segment and uses a context-specific highlight model to generate the summaries. To further reduce computational and storage cost, we develop a joint approach that simultaneously optimizes the context and highlight models in an unified learning framework. We evaluate our method on a public Youtube dataset, demonstrating our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, we show the utility of our joint approach and early prediction for achieving competitive highlight detection results while requiring less computational and storage cost.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves Comprised of Hydrated Triple Crankshaft Chains. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PSMB11 regulates gene expression in cortical thymic epithelial cells (2021)

The PSMB11 proteasomal subunit, expressed only in cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs), is essential for the development of functional CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. An attractive yet unproven theory holds that PSMB11 generates unique major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I)-associated peptides required for positive selection. We recently reported that PSMB11 regulates the expression of hundreds of genes in cTECs, mainly by differential proteolysis of transcription factors. Thereby, PSMB11 maintains the distinctness of cTECs relative to medullary TECs (mTECs) and promotes cortex-to-medulla migration of developing thymocytes. These conclusions have been challenged by Ohigashi and colleagues, who suggest that their data show that PSMB11 uniquely controls antigen presentation without affecting cTEC biology. Here, we perform a comprehensive reanalysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from the Ohigashi lab and confirm our original conclusions. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Ohigashi et al. (2019), published in Cell Reports. See also the response by Ohigashi and Takahama (2021), published in this issue of Cell Reports.
Analysis of Multiple Electrical Trees Incepted at Wire Electrode Test Object by Means of PD Detection (2013)

This paper introduces a method allowing characterising\nthe growth of electrical trees in wire-plane electrode\nobjects. By applying both electrical and optical\nmeasurements the inception level and the number of trees\nwere analysed. It is shown that the results observed\noptically closely resemble the electrically detected PD\nbehaviour, thus exhibiting a good correlation between\nboth the methods. This indicates a possibility for analysing\nelectrical treeing process in non-transparent materials\nbased on the electrical measurement only and opens for\nan efficient approach in evaluating new materials for cable\ninsulation.
Effect of grain size of polycrystalline diamond on its heat spreading properties (2016)

Abstract The exceptionally high thermal conductivity of polycrystalline diamond (&gt;2000 W m −1 K −1 ) makes it a very attractive material for optimizing the thermal management of high-power devices. In this paper, the thermal conductivity of a diamond sample capturing grain size evolution from nucleation towards the growth surface is studied using an optimized 3ω technique. The thermal conductivity is found to decrease with decreasing grain size, which is in good agreement with theory. These results clearly reveal the minimum film thickness and polishing thickness from nucleation needed to achieve single-crystal diamond performance, and thus enable production of an optimal polycrystalline diamond for heat-spreading applications.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Structure of β‐Enamino Sulphoxides. (1986)

Abstract The enolates (I11) react with the ammonium salts (IV) to give the enamines (W. The compounds (V) (R3: ‐ H) exist in Chloroform solution in the Eform.
The human homologue of the retroviral oncogene qin maps to chromosome 14q13. (1994)

Chromosomal mapping of the human QIN gene (renamed FKH2 by the Human Genome Organization Nomenclature Committee) was initially accomplished by correlation of the presence of the QIN locus with specific chromosome regions in a rodent-human hybrid panel. This analysis revealed that the human QIN gene maps to chromosome region 14q11.2-->14q32, between the TCR and IGH loci. Further analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques with a human QIN genomic clone refined the human QIN gene localization to 14q13.
Validation of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised Using Biomarkers in Children and Adolescents (2018)

The Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R) can be used to determine overall dietary patterns. We assessed the BHEI-R scores in children and adolescents, aged from 9 to 13 years old, and associated its component scores with biomarkers of health and dietary exposure. Three 24-h recalls were used to generate BHEI-R. Biomarkers were analyzed in plasma and red blood cells. Correlation tests, agreement, and covariance analyses were used to associate BHEI-R components with biomarkers. Data from 167 subjects were used. The strongest correlations were between fruits, vegetables and legumes with omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, and β-carotene intakes. Milk and dairy correlated with plasma retinol and pyridoxine. All components rich in vegetable and animal protein sources correlated with plasma creatine. Total BHEI-R scores were positively associated with intakes of omega-6, omega-3, fiber and vitamin C, and inversely associated with energy and saturated fat intakes of individuals. Plasma β-carotene and riboflavin biomarkers were positively associated with total BHEI-R. An inadequate food consumption pattern was captured by both biomarkers of health and dietary exposure. BHEI-R was validated for the above dietary components and can be associated with metabolomics and nutritional epidemiological data in future pediatric studies.
Supplementary Figure 5 from A Smac Mimetic Rescue Screen Reveals Roles for Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from A Smac Mimetic Rescue Screen Reveals Roles for Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling