gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P-type conductivity in bulk AlxGa1−xN and AlxGa1−xN/AlyGa1−yN superlattices with average Al mole fraction &gt;20% (2004)

Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy reveals enhanced oxygen incorporation in AlxGa1−xN as the Al mole fraction increases. It is shown that the increased oxygen donor incorporation can result in a conductivity-type change from p-type to n-type in Mg-doped AlxGa1−xN. Consistent with the conductivity-type change, epitaxial Al0.20Ga0.80N films exhibit n-type conductivity despite heavy Mg doping. The p-type conductivity of bulk AlxGa1−xN with a high Al mole fraction can be improved by employing AlxGa1−xN/AlyGa1−yN superlattices (SLs). At 300 K, Mg-doped Al0.17Ga0.83N/Al0.36Ga0.64N SLs (average Al mole fraction of 23%) exhibit strong p-type conductivity with a specific resistance of 4.6 Ω cm, a hole mobility of 18.8 cm2/Vs, and an acceptor activation energy of 195 meV.
Rapid Determination of the Chemical Composition of Ethylene/Butadiene Copolymers Using FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics (2018)

Abstract Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflection (ATR‐FTIR), combined with the partial least square (PLS) method provides a fast characterization of ethylene/butadiene copolymers' intricate composition. The PLS regression method is constructed to quantify ethylene, 1,2‐butadiene (vinyl), trans ‐1,4‐butadiene, and 1,2‐cyclohexane units in the copolymer. These rings are formed by intramolecular cyclization during polymerization. The performance of PLS models is evaluated by comparing the result obtained by 13 C NMR and the model for three unknown samples. It is shown that the proposed method allows to accurately estimate the chemical composition of ethylene/butadiene copolymers in a much shorter time than NMR.
Synchronous endoscopy and microsurgery: a novel strategy to approach complex ventricular lesions (2006)

Simultaneous endoscopic and microsurgical (synchronous) approaches represent a new paradigm in the treatment of complex ventricular lesions. This technique is well suited for lesions that involve multiple ventricular or cisternal compartments, have a nonlinear axis, or adhere to critical anatomical or neurovascular structures. Two distinct operative corridors, one endoscopic and the other microsurgical, are used during synchronous approaches to address such lesions, increasing the likelihood of a safe and complete resection. The authors present the cases of two children and an adult treated via synchronous approaches. All patients had multi-compartmental lesions involving the ventricles and/or cisterns. One patient presented with a suprasellar Rathke cyst with a significant third ventricular component, one with a hypothalamic hamartoma having a substantial cisternal component, and the remaining patient with a choroid plexus papilloma in the left lateral ventricle that extended from midbody to the temporal horn. In the cases of the Rathke cyst and the hamartoma, debulking in the third ventricle and controlled detachment of the lesion from the hypothalamus were undertaken using endoscopy, and simultaneous resection of the suprasellar component was performed through a subfrontal craniotomy. In the case of the choroid plexus papilloma, selective cautery of the choroidal feeding vessels and detachment from the temporal tela choroidea were performed using endoscopy, and the tumor from the ventricular body to the atrium was resected via a craniotomy. In each case the resection concluded with the intersection of endoscopic and microsurgical fields. All three patients had good outcomes. Endoscopic and microsurgical approaches can be used concurrently to treat multicompartment ventricular and/or cisternal lesions with good results. The probable advantages of this method are more complete resection and improved safety.
An Electrode with Two‐Level Porosity for Electro‐Fenton: Carbon Nanofiber‐Functionalized Macroporous Nickel Foam (Adv. Sustainable Syst. 3/2023) (2023)

Carbon Nanofibers In article 2200408, Matthias Wessling and co-workers demonstrate that carbon nanofibers are grown on a nickel foam as a binder-free electrode for electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. The C/Ni combination provides excellent reduction rates of O2 to H2O2, which is realized by multiple reaction pathways, being the two-electron pathway for carbon materials and a one-electron pathway through •O2 radical formation on the Ni nanoparticles embedded in the fibers.
[Tumor necrosis factor alpha (cachectin). Biological properties and role in physiopathology]. (1989)

Cachectin, or TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha) was first described as a product of activated monocytes capable of inducing tumor cell lysis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to this activity, TNF-alpha has been shown to possess many other biological properties: it modulates the synthesis of the enzymes involved in lipogenesis and regulates the function of various types of normal cells, such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells and adipocytes. Moreover, TNF-alpha - displays multifunctional immunoregulatory activity on T and B lymphocytes and on natural killer and lymphokine activated killer cells and plays a major role in the defence against infections and in the immune response against cancer. In severe infection or cancer, an excessive production of TNF-alpha may be responsible for septic shocks or cachexia in both animals and man. The high conservation of the TNF-alpha gene in all species despite its toxicity indicates that it plays a crucial but still partially understood role.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Total Syntheses of (R)‐(+)‐ and (S)‐(‐)‐14‐Hydroxy‐4,14‐ retro‐retinol. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clustering of search results using temporal attributes (2006)

Clustering of search results is an important feature in many of today's information retrieval applications. The notion of hit list clustering appears in Web search engines and enterprise search engines as a mechanism that allows users to further explore the coverage of a query. However, there has been little work on exposing temporal attributes for constructing and presentation of clusters. These attributes appear in documents as part of the textual content, e.g., as a date and time token or as a temporal reference in a sentence. In this paper, we outline a model and describe a prototype that shows the main ideas.
Women in chemistry and physics: a biobibliographic sourcebook (1994)

Foreword Preface Fay Ajzenberg-Selove (1926-) Gladys Amelia Anslow (1892-1969) Hertha Marks Ayrton (1854-1923) Laura Maria Caterina Bassi (1711-1778) Ruth Mary Rogan Benerito (1916-) Ruth Erica Leroi Benesch (1925-) Joan Berkowitz (1931-) Marietta Blau (1894-1970) Katharine Burr Blodgett (1898-1979) Mary Letitia Caldwell (1890-1972) Emma Perry Carr (1880-1972) Marjorie Constance Beckett Caserio (1929-) Renate Wiener Chasman (1932-1977) Gabrielle Emilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Chatelet (1706-1749) Mildred Cohn (1913-) Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori (1896-1957) Erika Cremer (1900-) Marie Sklodowska Curie (1867-1934) Marie Maynard Daly (1921-) Cecile AndREe Paule DeWitt-Morette (1922-) Helen Marie Dyer (1895-) Gertrude Belle Elion (1918-) Gladys Ludwina Anderson Emerson (1903-1984) Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-1958) Helen Murray Free (1923-) Jenny Pickworth Glusker (1931-) Mary Lowe Good (1931-) Jeanette Gecsy Grasselli (1928-) Anna Jane Harrison (1912-) Caroline Stuart Littlejohn Herzenberg (1932-) Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-) Darleane Christian Hoffman (1926-) Hypatia (c. 370-ca. 415) IREne Joliot-Curie (1897-1956) Isabella Helen Lugoski Karle (1921-) Joyce Jacobson Kaufman (1929-) Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze Lavoisier (1758-1836) Leona Woods Marshall Libby (1919-1986) Kathleen Yardley Lonsdale (1903-1971) Pauline Gracia Beery Mack (1891-1974) Icie Gertrude Macy (1892-1984) Margaret Eliza Maltby (1860-1944) Ines Hochmuth Mandl (1917-) Jane Haldimand Marcet (1769-1858) Maria Gertrude Goeppert Mayer (1906-1972) Louise Sherwood McDowell (1876-1966) Grace Medes (1886-1967) Lise Meitner (1878-1968) Marie Meurdrac (1600s) Helen Cecilia DeSilver Abbott Michael (1857-1904) Helen Vaughn Michel (1932-) Elizabeth Cavert Miller (1920-1987) Agnes Fay Morgan (1884-1968) Dorothy Virginia Nightingale (1902-) Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (1900-1979) Mary Engle Pennington (1872-1952) Marguerite Catherine Perey (1909-1975) Mary Locke Petermann (1908-1975) Melba Newell Phillips (1907-) Lucy Weston Pickett (1904-) Agnes Pockels (1862-1935) Sarah Ratner (1903-) Ellen Henrietta Swallow Richards (1842-1911) Florence Barbara Seibert (1897-1991) Mary Lura Sherrill (1888-1968) Mary Fairfax Greig Somerville (1780-1872) Giuliana Cavaglieri Tesoro (1921-) Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley (1941-1981) Anne Barbara Underhill (1920-) Katharine Way (1903-) Elizabeth Amy Kreiser Weisburger (1924-) Frances Gertrude Wick (1875-1941) Dorothy Maud Wrinch (1894-1976) Chien-Shiung Wu (1912-) Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921-) Appendixes: Chronological List of Biographees Biographees by Place of Birth, Place of Work, and Field of Scientific Interest. References in Biographical Dictionaries and Other Collections Association and Organization Codes Title Code Periodical Codes Publisher Codes Index
Synthesis of cis- and trans-α-l-[4.3.0]Bicyclo-DNA Monomers for Antisense Technology: Methods for the Diastereoselective Formation of Bicyclic Nucleosides (2013)

Two α-L-ribo-configured bicyclic nucleic acid modifications, represented by analogues 12 and 13, which are epimeric at C3' and C5' have been synthesized using a carbohydrate-based approach to build the bicyclic core structure. An intramolecular L-proline-mediated aldol reaction was employed to generate the cis-configured ring junction of analogue 12 and represents a rare application of this venerable organocatalytic reaction to a carbohydrate system. In the case of analogue 13, where a trans-ring junction was desired, an intermolecular diastereoselective Grignard reaction followed by ring-closing metathesis was used. In order to set the desired stereochemistry at the C5' positions of both nucleoside targets, a study of diastereoselective Lewis acid mediated allylation reactions on a common bicyclic aldehyde precursor was carried out. Analogue 12 was incorporated in oligonucleotide sequences, and thermal denaturation experiments indicate that it is destabilizing when paired with complementary DNA and RNA. However, this construct shows a significant improvement in nuclease stability relative to a DNA oligonucleotide.
Growth Mechanism of Uncultured Actinobacterial Strain Leucobacter sp. ASN212 by Zinc Coproporphyrin (2017)

We propose HemH as a primary target of Zn coproporphyrin, which stimulates the growth of uncultured Leucobacter sp.ASN212, based on the structure-activity relationship for transition-metal complexes of coproporphyrin.We identified Zn coproporphyrin I (1), zincphyrin (2), coproporphyrin I (3) and III (4) together with structurally new zincmethylphyrin I (5) and III (6) as interphylum growth factors secreted from
Sheet structures in alternating poly(D,L-peptides) (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSheet structures in alternating poly(D,L-peptides)F. Heitz, G. Detriche, F. Vovelle, and G. SpachCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 1, 47–50Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50002a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50002a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Postprandial regulation of intestinal blood flow: role of gastrointestinal hormones (1985)

Systemic arterial pressure, jejunal perfusion pressure, and jejunal blood flow were measured in eight autoperfused canine jejunum preparations (5 dogs) before and during local intra-arterial infusion of physiological doses of secretin (18.5 pM), neurotensin (233 pM), and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 30 pM). Intra-arterial infusion of secretin, neurotensin, or CCK-8 alone did not affect either systemic or jejunal arterial pressures. Likewise, jejunal blood flow was not significantly altered by secretin (3 +/- 3%), neurotensin (-5 +/- 4%), or CCK-8 (-5 +/- 5%). Even when all three hormones were infused simultaneously, jejunal blood flow was not altered (2 +/- 3%). However, when infused at rates that produced calculated arterial blood levels some 100 times greater than those reported as "postprandial," each hormone alone, as well as in combination, produced marked increases in jejunal blood flow. Secretin, neurotensin, and CCK-8 increased blood flow by 34 +/- 8, 31 +/- 11, and 24 +/- 5%, respectively. Simultaneous infusion of all three hormones increased jejunal blood flow by 47 +/- 11%. These data suggest that, either alone or in combination, secretin, neurotensin, and CCK-8 are not of quantitative importance in regulating jejunal blood flow during the postprandial state. However, higher (presumably pharmacological) blood levels of these hormones do significantly elevate jejunal blood flow.
Cryptic diversity and virulence of Beauveria bassiana recovered from Lycorma delicatula (spotted lanternfly) in eastern Pennsylvania (2023)

The entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> is cosmopolitan and known to infect a variety of sap-sucking pests like aphids, mealybugs, and scales in the order of Hemiptera. In Fall 2017, spotted lanternfly (SLF) adults killed by the fungal entomopathogen <i>B. bassiana</i> were found in Berks County, Pennsylvania. In 2018-2020 we collected SLF and nearby non-target insects killed by <i>Beauveria</i> spp. from 18 field sites in southeastern Pennsylvania. We identified 159 <i>Beauveria</i> isolates from SLF and six isolates from non-targets. Five isolates of <i>B. bassiana</i> and one isolate of <i>B. brongniartii</i> were identified from the non-targets. Based on sequence data from the nuclear B locus (Bloc) intergenic region, all the isolates from SLF were identified as <i>B. bassiana</i>, but there were 20 different strains within this species, grouped into two clades. Three <i>B. bassiana</i> strains (A, B, and L) were found in most field sites and were the most prevalent. Representative isolates for these three strains were used in laboratory bioassays and were compared to a commercial <i>B. bassiana</i> strain (GHA). Strain B was inferior to A, L, and GHA against nymphs; strains A and L had greater efficacy than B and GHA against adults. We also quantified conidial production on SLF cadavers. This paper discusses the diversity of these <i>B. bassiana</i> strains in SLF populations and implications for biological control of this abundant invasive.
Mechanical Milling Synthesis and Electrochemical Evaluation of Silicon-transition Metal Alloy Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries (2015)

Silicon-alloys are candidates for anode materials of high capacity lithium-ion batteries. Here we report the mechanical milling (mechanical alloying) synthesis of various silicon-alloy samples. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies, and electrochemical tests to investigate their electrochemical lithium insertion-extraction performance. The metallic elements added during alloying such as Ni, Co, Cu, and Zr are found to be effective for nanocrystallization or amorphization of silicon alloy. Especially Si-Sn-Cu alloy has high 1st lithium storage capacity of 2690 mAh g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 85% and relatively long cycle life. The changes of Si-Sn-Cu alloy composite electrode in volume and structure were also investigated to obtain insights for practical electrode design.
Passive turn-on process of IGBTs in Matrix converter applications (2009)

The passive turn-on of IGBTs occurs in Matrix converter applications. This paper analyzes different IGBT-types in terms of passive turn-on. Measurements of passive turn-ons of different IGBT-types are shown and compared with diode turn-ons. The dependency of the turn-on voltage peak on the temper­ature, the gate resistance and the current is investigated. The results are analyzed by numerical device simulations.
How to group machines and operators in manufacturing systems an approach based on evolutionary algorithms and flow graphs (1996)

International audience
Collective Construction of Environmentally-Adaptive Structures (2007)

We describe decentralized algorithms by which a swarm of simple, independent, autonomous robots can build two-dimensional structures using square building blocks. These structures can (1) exactly match arbitrary user-specified designs, (2) adapt their shape to immovable obstacles, or (3) form a wall of given minimum width around an environmental feature. These three possibilities span the range from entirely prespecified structures to those whose shape is entirely determined by the environment. Robots require no explicit communication, instead using information storage capabilities of environmental elements (a form of "extended stigmergy") to coordinate their activities. We provide theoretical proof of the correctness of the algorithms for the first two types of structures, and experimental support for algorithms for the third.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Is a Novel Molecular Therapeutic Target for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 7: temsirolimus and SCD1 inhibitor synergy soft agar - PDF file 3573K, Treatment of ccRCC cells with A939572 in combination with the mTOR inhibitor Temsirolimus synergistically inhibits tumor cell growth in soft agar&lt;/p&gt;
Measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = 7 $ TeV (2011)

s = 7 TeV are presented, based on 2.9 pb -1 of data recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurements, performed in the electron and muon decay channels, are combined to give (pp WX) B(W ) = 9.95 0.07 (stat.) 0.28 (syst.) 1.09 (lumi.) nb and (pp ZX) B(Z + -) = 0.931 0.026 (stat.) 0.023 (syst.) 0.102 (lumi.) nb, where stands for either e or . Theoretical predictions, calculated at the next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD using recent parton distribution functions, are in agreement with the measured cross sections. Ratios of cross sections, which incur an experimental systematic uncertainty of less than 4%, are also reported.
Comparison of Commercially Available and Synthesized Titania Nano‐Additives in Composite HTPB/AP Propellant (2016)

Abstract This study presents a comparison of commercially available titania nano‐particles produced using electric wire explosion with nano‐particles manufactured by the authors using a sol‐gel synthesis process. For the present study, 20‐nm titania was purchased off‐the‐shelf. It was determined to be rough spheres of 20 nm forming large, micron‐sized agglomerates, whereas particles synthesized using the sol‐gel process were found to be fundamentally 10 nm but with sub‐micron agglomerations thereof. The nano‐titania was added to 80% AP monomodal propellants at 0.3% and 1.0% by mass. Additional, 85% bimodal‐AP mixtures were made, comparing commercial titania to the laboratory‐synthesized particles at 1.0% by mass. Another set of samples compared a method of pre‐mixing the synthesized additives directly into the binder material at 0.3% by mass of laboratory titania; two additional pre‐mixed titania batches at 0.5% by mass were doped with either Fe or Cu into the nanocrystals. All propellants were tested up to 13.8 MPa at 3.8 MPa increments. Dry powder laboratory additives show a 60‐to‐100% increase in burning rate over the baseline samples with no catalyst and a 20‐to‐30% increase over the commercial nano‐particles. Pre‐mixed additives were found to produce similar burning rate increases but with lower concentrations required. This latest generation of particle synthesis techniques was further demonstrated in this study to have great potential for future propellant catalyst development.
Equal opportunities and environmental health: The local authority response (1995)

(1995). Equal opportunities and environmental health: The local authority response. Local Government Studies: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 623-641.
Non-quasi-static carrier dynamics of MOSFETs under low-voltage operation (2008)

We analyze the carrier dynamics in MOSFETs under low voltage operation for a 90 nm CMOS technology. For this purpose the displacement (charging/discharging) current, induced during switching operations is studied experimentally and theoretically. It is found that the experimental transient characteristics can only be well reproduced in the circuit simulation of low voltage applications by considering the carrier-transit delay in the compact MOSFET model. The switching frequency is found to decrease with reduced voltage due to diminished inversion condition and thus driving capability, which can be modeled with increased transit delay.
Analysis of a framework using material balances in metabolic pathways to elucidate cellular metabolism (1989)

A framework using material balances in metabolic pathways to study cellular metabolism is examined and the results are discussed. Rate measurements on extracellular compounds alone were found to be not always sufficient to validate proposed unique intracellular mechanisms. The conditions to delineate among candidate mechanisms based solely on extracellular measurements are established. The number of half reactions comprising the reaction network is found to be an important parameter.
Fault-Tolerant Extension of Hypercube for Secure and Reliable Group Communications (2008)

Securing group communications in resource constrained, infrastructure-less mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) has become one of the most challenging research directions in the areas of wireless networking and security. MANETs are emerging as the desired environment for an increasing number of commercial and military applications, addressing also an increasing number of users. Security on the other hand, is becoming an indispensable requirement of our modern life for all these applications. The inherent limitations of MANETs impose major difficulties on establishing a suitable secure group communications framework. We contribute to the latter by extending hypercube, an existing key agreement (KA) scheme - all parties contribute equally to the group key - to tolerate multiple member failures with low cost. We achieve this by enhancing hypercube with a novel adaptively proactive algorithm. Members are assumed to be already authenticated via some underlying mechanism and we only focus on the design and analysis of a fault-tolerant scheme. Our algorithm has been evaluated and compared with the existing approach. Through our analysis and simulations we demonstrate its superiority in terms of robustness and efficiency.