gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthèse de polyglycérols linéaires et cycliques. Tensioactifs polyglycérylés : synthèse et caractérisations (2002)

Le glycérol est l’un des principaux sous-produits de l’oléochimie. Un des axes de recherche pour valoriser ce co-produit demeure la production de polyglycérols et d’esters de polyglycérols, tensioactifs non ioniques. Cependant, ceux-ci sont généralement préparés industriellement dans des conditions drastiques (milieu caustique et températures élevées), générant des mélanges complexes d’oligomères de composition moléculaire mal définie. C’est dans ce contexte qu’un programme européen a été initié dans le but de préparer des échantillons standard et d’établir des corrélations structure/activité (analyse, performances, environnement) par une étude plus fondamentale sur les oligomères du glycérol et leurs esters. Notre travail a consisté à mettre au point des voies d’accès à des oligoglycérols linéaires et cycliques, de degré 2 à 5, ainsi que des monoesters et monoéthers d’acides gras, de structure parfaitement définie, en privilégiant des synthèses courtes et efficaces pour obtenir des échantillons de plusieurs grammes. Les stratégies pour les structures linéaires reposent dans un premier temps sur des synthèses convergentes impliquant l’ouverture régiospécifique d’époxydes. La préparation de dimères cycliques du glycérol repose sur des réactions d’iodocyclisation, alors que les oligomères cycliques de degré 3 à 5 ont été préparés via la condensation de deux fragments linéaires. Dans un deuxième temps, le choix de groupes protecteurs orthogonaux et de réactions sélectives a permis de synthétiser une gamme de molécules amphiphiles de structure définie, en faisant varier aussi bien la tête polaire (nombre d’unités glycérol impliquées) que la chaîne hydrophobe (longueur, insaturation, position sur la tête polaire, liaison chimique ester ou éther).
Bone marrow mastocytosis associated with an undifferentiated extramedullary tumor of hemopoietic origin. (1997)

The case of a 62-year-old man who presented with acute abdominal pain and a widespread tumor involving the retroperitoneum is described. Three weeks after initial presentation, the patient died suddenly of acute cardiac failure with signs of arrhythmia. Autopsy revealed a disseminated tumor with infiltration of the retroperitoneal fat, as well as nodules in the left testis and the right atrium. The tumor cells were reactive for CD45, vimentin, and chloroacetate esterase, but were unreactive with a broad spectrum of antibodies against myelomonocytic and lymphocytic antigens and with antibodies against tryptase and c-kit (CD117), which are characteristic markers for mast cells. However, the bone marrow exhibited the typical picture of mastocytosis, with disseminated clusters of differentiated spindle-shaped cells that stained strongly for tryptase, c-kit, and chloroacetate esterase. No infiltrates of well-differentiated mastocytosis could be detected in any of the extramedullary tissues investigated. A diagnosis of bone marrow mastocytosis with an associated undifferentiated extramedullary tumor of hemopoietic origin was established. By definition, the extramedullary tumor could not be diagnosed as a granulocytic sarcoma or (differentiated) mastocytoma, but the possibility that a mast cell progenitor could be involved in the evolution of both tumors cannot be ruled out.
The anterior and medial thalamic nuclei and the human limbic system: tracing the structural connectivity using diffusion-weighted imaging (2020)

The limbic system is a phylogenetically old, behaviorally defined system that serves as a center for emotions. It controls the expression of anger, fear, and joy and also influences sexual behavior, vegetative functions, and memory. The system comprises a collection of tel-, di-, and mesencephalic structures whose components have evolved and increased over time. Previous animal research indicates that the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus (ANT), as well as the habenula (Hb) and the adjacent mediodorsal nucleus (MD) each play a vital role in the limbic circuitry. Accordingly, diffusion imaging data of 730 subjects obtained from the Human Connectome Project and the masks of six nuclei (anterodorsal, anteromedial, anteroventral, lateral dorsal, Hb, and MD) served as seed regions for a direct probabilistic tracking to the rest of the brain using diffusion-weighted imaging. The results revealed that the ANT nuclei are part of the limbic and the memory system as they mainly connect via the mammillary tract, mammillary body, anterior commissure, fornix, and retrosplenial cortices to the hippocampus, amygdala, medio-temporal, orbito-frontal and occipital cortices. Furthermore, the ANT nuclei showed connections to the mesencephalon and brainstem to varying extents, a pattern rarely described in experimental findings. The habenula-usually defined as part of the epithalamus-was closely connected to the tectum opticum and seems to serve as a neuroanatomical hub between the visual and the limbic system, brainstem, and cerebellum. Finally, in contrast to experimental findings with tracer studies, directly determined connections of MD were mainly confined to the brainstem, while indirect MD fibers form a broad pathway connecting the hippocampus and medio-temporal areas with the mediofrontal cortex.
Optical properties of GaN Photonic Crystal Membrane Nanocavities (2006)

L7 photonic-crystal membrane nanocavities with Q factors of 600 have been realized based on the GaN/InGaN material system. Theoretically, a L7 nanocavity promises high Q factors as high as 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> .
Effects of intravenous and infravesical administration of suramin, terazosin and BMY 7378 on bladder instability in conscious rats with bladder outlet obstruction (2003)

These findings confirm a role for alpha1-adrenergic receptors in bladder instability caused by bladder outlet obstruction. In addition, a purinergic neurotransmitter, presumably ATP, is shown to be involved.
Overview of Platine emulation testbed and its utilization to support DVB-RCS/S2 evolutions (2010)

Designing new satellite access protocols or validating innovative satellite network concepts, evaluating their performances and demonstrating them require powerful test tools to check their compliance with satellite system requirements. Obviously, such tools have to be as representative as possible of typical satellite telecom systems, but also adaptable to specific research and engineering needs. Emulation testbeds provide a cost effective solution for networking activities in complement to traditional simulations tools that are rather suited in satcom research to system dimensioning evaluation. This paper presents the Platine emulation, briefly presents major projects where is has been used, and details its architecture and main features as well as its controller unit. Finally, future perspectives are stressed, for example in the aeronautical communication context.
64 Finite Element Analysis of a Porous Dual Component 3D-Printed Bone Graft for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation (2023)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our goal was to assess the ability of a 3D-Printed dual cover-core design alveolar ridge bone graft, to withstand the average maximum masticatory force of a healthy person. To this end, we characterized the materials, ran a finite element analysis (FEA) model, and validated it using a resin 3D-printed version tested under compression with strain gauges. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A tricalcium-phosphate/hydroxyapatite paste and mixed methacrylated alginate-gelatin were used for the core, and polycaprolactone for the cover. These were characterized using ASTM standards D695 and D638 for compression, tensile, and rheological testing. Then we converted cone CT-scan images of a mandibular alveolar ridge defect to an .stl file, and designed the cover and core in Meshmixer. The model was then imported into ANSYS 11.0, and a downward compression force of 500 N, the maximum masticatory force of a healthy adult, was applied on the graft and mandible’s top ridge. The different models included solid and porous covers and cores, as well as comparing screws on one or both sides of the cover, then validated by compressing a resin 3D-printed versions. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The FEA model provided maximum displacements, Von Mises stress (VMS), and stress/strain values for each model. The highest maximum displacement was found on the solid covers with a combination of both buccal and lingual screws, at 0.162 mm. The lowest maximum displacement was found in the porous cover at 0.085 mm. All VMS values were below the tensile yield strength, meaning that the materials would not yield. The highest maximum stress was found on the porous cover at 13.52 MPa, the lowest was 1.06 MPa on the cover with no screws. The highest strain was found on the porous model at 0.010, which was 5.6x higher than the solid cover. The porous cover also showed less stress shielding, thus allowing a beneficial mechanical stimulation of the bone, and the lowest maximum displacement, possibly due to flexion through the pores. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Preliminary FEA models demonstrated that for the considered materials, a cover-core design of the mandibular implant would sustain the desired 500 N of force without yielding. The porous cover provides the most benefits, causing the least stress shielding and allowing diffusion of biological factors to support the osteoinductive role of the core.
OnboardICNg (2016)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is an emerging networking paradigm that focuses on content distribution and aims at replacing the current IP stack. Implementations of ICN have demonstrated its advantages over IP, in terms of network performance and resource requirements. Because of these advantages, ICN is also considered to be a good network paradigm candidate for the Internet-of-Things (IoT), especially in scenarios involving resource constrained devices. In this paper we propose OnboardICNg, the first secure protocol for on-boarding (authenticating and authorizing) IoT devices in ICN mesh networks. OnboardICNg can securely onboard resource constrained devices into an existing IoT network, outperforming the authentication protocol selected for the ZigBee-IP specification: EAP-PANA, i.e., the Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA) combined with the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP). In particular we show that, compared with EAP-PANA, OnboardICNg reduces the communication and energy consumption, by 87% and 66%, respectively. © 2016 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.
All-Fiber Reference-Beam LDV-Probe For In-Field Shafts Torsional Monitoring (1989)

A novel instrument based on the Laser-Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) principles has been developed for the in-field detection of torsional oscillations on rotating machinery. The LDV-probe permits the high sensitivity detection of the tangential velocity change on unprepared rough shafts. The probe is realized by means of the micro-optics and all-fiber technology in a compact assembly. E.M. immunity, easy handling and stoutness make the probe suitable for the in-field operation.
602 A Development of Low Pressure driving Pneumatic Actuator and its Application (2006)

The purpose of this study is a development of a nonmetallic and light robot hand driven by low-pressure pneumatic actuators. As the robot hand is used pneumatic actuators, if a human touches the robot hand, it is safe. The results of characteristics of the pneumatic actuator proved that it is possible to drive the robot hand and get enough generated force to grasp objects by lower inner pressure and lower air volume. Therefore, a model the same size as a human hand can be made without a big air compressor, and applications for prosthetic hands are considered.
Supplementary Figure 9 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Expressing CXCL14 Rely upon NOS1-Derived Nitric Oxide Signaling for Their Tumor-Supporting Properties (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 122KB, Lymphatic vessel recruitment into fibroblast-stimulated prostate and breast tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Drug Stability Analyzer (2014)

1 To complicate matters, the degradation products of some drugs can be toxic, such as p-aminophenol formed from acetaminophen (Tylenol®), which can cause liver damage. 2 Consequently there is a need for a space-worthy analyzer that can monitor the degradation of these drugs to improve the understanding of space-induced degradation, so that drug types, formulations, and packaging can be improved, and supplies can be selected to match mission length. The ability of the analyzer to nondestructively quantify the amount of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the degradation products would also allow assessing drug potency at the time of use to ensure crewmember safety. In an effort to address these needs, we have been investigating the ability of Raman spectroscopy to monitor degradation and determine if a drug is suitable for use based on the presence of 90% or more of the original API concentration. Raman spectroscopy measures the vibrational modes of molecules, which allows identification of virtually any substance, including drugs. Furthermore, it is a point-and-shoot technology, in that the sample is simply placed at the laser focal point to make a measurement, typically in 1 minute or less. Here we will present Raman measurements of acetaminophen (Figure 1), azithromycin, epinephrine, lidocaine, and their degradation products at percent level concentrations, in actual formulations, and 90%/10% drug/degrandent mixtures using a compact, low mass, spectrometer.
Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Critical Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants From Contaminated Pork Products to Humans in South-East Asia (2021)

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge worldwide as it impacts public health, especially via contamination in the food chain and in healthcare-associated infections. In relation to farming, the systems used, waste management on farms, and the production line process are all determinants reflecting the risk of AMR emergence and rate of contamination of foodstuffs. This review focuses on South East Asia (SEA), which contains diverse regions covering 11 countries, each having different levels of development, customs, laws, and regulations. Routinely, here as elsewhere antimicrobials are still used for three indications: therapy, prevention, and growth promotion, and these are the fundamental drivers of AMR development and persistence. The accuracy of detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) depends on the laboratory standards applicable in the various institutes and countries, and this affects the consistency of regional data. <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> are the standard proxy species used for indicating AMR-associated nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections. Pig feces and wastewater have been suspected as one of the hotspots for spread and circulation of ARB and ARG. As part of AMR surveillance in a One Health approach, clonal typing is used to identify bacterial clonal transmission from the production process to consumers and patients - although to date there have been few published definitive studies about this in SEA. Various alternatives to antibiotics are available to reduce antibiotic use on farms. Certain of these alternatives together with improved disease prevention methods are essential tools to reduce antimicrobial usage in swine farms and to support global policy. This review highlights evidence for potential transfer of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans, and awareness and understanding of AMR through a description of the occurrence of AMR in pig farm food chains under SEA management systems. The latter includes a description of standard pig farming practices, detection of AMR and clonal analysis of bacteria, and AMR in the food chain and associated environments. Finally, the possibility of using alternatives to antibiotics and improving policies for future strategies in combating AMR in a SEA context are outlined.
Insights into the Topotactic Conversion Process from Layered Silicate RUB-36 to FER-type Zeolite by Layer Reassembly (2013)

Layered RUB-36 and PREFER (lamellar precursor of ferrierite) are the precursors of CDO and FER-type zeolites, respectively. Both are composed of the same ferrierite (FER) layer building blocks. Topotactic conversion from RUB-36 to pure silica zeolite ZSM-35 has been demonstrated in the presence of a surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTAOH). The transformation mechanism of this process was revealed, for the first time, by the detailed investigations of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, and one- and two-dimensional (2-D) solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) as well as theoretical simulations. During swelling at room temperature, cetyltrimethylammonium cations (CTA+) replacing the original template were intercalated into FER layers to expand the interlayer distance remarkably and consequently to destroy the strong hydrogen-bonding interactions between the layers. 2-D 1H–29Si heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR indicates that the surfactant polar heads approximate the FER layers in swollen RUB-36. After deswelling, only a small amount of CTA+ cations with long tails lay in the void space between the FER layers. The Monte Carlo simulations on the deswollen RUB-36 further elucidate the occlusion of CTA+ cations in the pre-10 member ring of the layered ferrierite precursor, which may act as the structure-directing agent for the formation of FER-structured zeolite. The FER layer reassembly from the alteration of CTA+ conformation at the interlayers is of key importance to the topotactic transformation of RUB-36 to FER-type zeolite by the dehydration-condensation reaction. This may open up more applications in the lamellar zeolite system by the layer restacking approach.
Factor XIa–specific IgG and a reversal agent to probe factor XI function in thrombosis and hemostasis (2016)

Thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Current antithrombotic drugs are not ideal in that they must balance prevention of thrombosis against bleeding risk. Inhibition of coagulation factor XI (FXI) may offer an improvement over existing antithrombotic strategies by preventing some forms of thrombosis with lower bleeding risk. To permit exploration of this hypothesis in humans, we generated and characterized a series of human immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) that blocked FXIa active-site function but did not bind FXI zymogen or other coagulation proteases. The most potent of these IgGs, C24 and DEF, inhibited clotting in whole human blood and prevented FeCl3-induced carotid artery occlusion in FXI-deficient mice reconstituted with human FXI and in thread-induced venous thrombosis in rabbits at clinically relevant doses. At doses substantially higher than those required for inhibition of intravascular thrombus formation in these models, DEF did not increase cuticle bleeding in rabbits or cause spontaneous bleeding in macaques over a 2-week study. Anticipating the desirability of a reversal agent, we also generated a human IgG that rapidly reversed DEF activity ex vivo in human plasma and in vivo in rabbits. Thus, an active site-directed FXIa-specific antibody can block thrombosis in animal models and, together with the reversal agent, may facilitate exploration of the roles of FXIa in human disease.
Compatibilizing A/B blends with AB diblock copolymers: Effect of copolymer molecular weight (1995)

We use numerical self-consistent field (SCF) calculations to determine the interfacial behavior of AB diblocks in a blend of immiscible homopolymers, A and B. In particular, we compare the compatibilizing effect of relatively short and long AB copolymers. In the calculations, we explicitly take into account the formation of micellar or multilamellar phases. The results show that the interfacial tension can be reduced to zero only if the blocks in the diblock are longer than the corresponding homopolymer. Our two-dimensional SCF calculations reveal that short diblocks form multilamellar structures in the blend, whereas a microemulsion is formed when relatively long copolymers are added to the A/B mixture. These observations are compared with experiments on blends of polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and PS-PMMA symmetric diblock copolymers. By measuring the contact angle of PS droplets on the PMMA layer, we can obtain a direct estimate for the interfacial tension at the PS/PMMA interface. The experiments also reveal that negligible interfacial tensions and emulsionlike structures are only obtained with relatively long diblocks.
Spin Accumulation in Cr Nanoparticles in Single Electron Tunneling Regime (2010)

We have studied spin-dependent single electron tunneling in Cr nanoparticles with a diameter of 4 nm using Fe/MgO/Cr-nanoparticles/MgO/Fe double tunnel junctions. The transport properties are governed by the Coulomb blockade, showing suppression of current at low bias voltages. Magnetoresistance is clearly observed at a bias voltage over 0.25 V, and the magnetoresistance ratio increases with increasing bias voltage. These results suggest that the magnetoresistance is due to the spin accumulation in Cr nanoparticles. With some assumption, the minimum value of spin relaxation time in Cr nanoparticles is roughly estimated to be on the order of tens of nanoseconds .
Human Face Detection in Visual Scenes (1995)

We present a neural network-based face detection system. A retinally connected neural network examines small windows of an image, and decides whether each window contains a face. The system arbitrates between multiplenetworks to improveperformanceover asinglenetwork. We use a bootstrap algorithm for training, which adds false detections into the training set as training progresses. This eliminates the difficult task of manually selecting non-face training examples, which must be chosen to span the entire space of non-face images. Comparisons with another state-of-the-art face detection system are presented; our system has better performance in terms of detection and false-positive rates. 1
Towards an object store (2003)

Today's SAN architectures promise unmediated host access to storage (i.e., without going through a server). To achieve this promise, however, we must address several issues and opportunities raised by SANs, including security, scalability and management. Object storage, such as introduced by the NASD work, is a means of addressing these issues and opportunities. An object store raises the level of abstraction presented by a storage control unit from an array of 512 byte blocks to a collection of objects. The object store provides "fine-grain," object-level security, improved scalability by localizing space management, and improved management by allowing end-to-end management of semantically meaningful entities. This paper presents a detailed description of how an object store works and describes the design of Antara, our prototype object store. For a cache hit workload, our pure software prototype is able to service roughly 14000 4K I/O requests per second. We also present a layered security model for an object store which separates concerns of access security and network security, leveraging existing security infrastructure.