gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The platelet‐poor plasma 5‐HT response to carbohydrate rich meal administration in adult autistic patients compared with normal controls (2003)

There are cumulative data indicating involvement of the 5-HT system in autistic disorder. Most studies examining 5-HT function have focused on whole blood 5-HT content. The carbohydrate-rich meal test (CRMT) is a dietary manipulation that could significantly influence platelet-poor plasma (PPP) 5-HT levels and reflect the responsiveness of the serotonergic system in 'free' plasma. In this study, CRMT was used as an indicator of 5-HT responsivity in drug-free adults with autistic disorder (n = 7), compared with normal controls (n = 10). The PPP 5-HT levels were measured at baseline and during 3 h after administration of the CRMT. A significant elevation in PPP 5-HT levels in adult autistic patients was reached 60 min after meal administration (p < 0.03 vs control and p = 0.05 vs baseline) and a significant decrease was noted after 120 min (p < 0.01 vs baseline). In contrast to the biphasic response of the autistic patients, normal controls exhibited a gradual linear increase of PPP 5-HT levels. Our results indicate that in adult autistic patients, the pattern of PPP 5-HT responsivity to a dietary challenge of CRMT is dysregulated compared with normal controls and provide further support for the role of 5-HT in autism.
An Exposure Invariant Neural Network for Colour Correction (2022)

Colour correction is the process of converting camera dependent RGB values to a camera independent standard colour space such as CIE XYZ. Regression methods &#x2014; linear, polynomial, and root-polynomial least-squares &#x2014; are traditionally used to solve for the colour correction transform. More recently neural net solutions for colour correction have been developed. This paper begins with the observation that the neural net solution &#x2014; while delivering better colour correction accuracy compared to the simple (and widely deployed) 3&#xD7;3 linear correction matrix approach &#x2014; is not exposure invariant. That is to say, the network is tuned to mapping RGBs to XYZs for a fixed exposure level and when this exposure level changes, its performance degrades (and it delivers less accurate colour correction compared to the 3x3 matrix approach which is exposure invariant). We develop two remedies to the exposure variation problem. First, we augment the data we use to train the network to include responses for many different exposures. Concomitantly, the trained network is robust to a changing exposure. Second, we redesign the network so, by construction, it is exposure invariant. Experiments demonstrate that, by adopting either approach, Neural Network colour correction can be made exposure invariant.
Plant Development and Organogenesis: From Basic Principles to Applied Research (2019)

The way plants grow and develop organs significantly impacts the overall performance and yield of crop plants. The basic knowledge now available in plant development has the potential to help breeders in generating plants with defined architectural features to improve productivity. Plant translational research effort has steadily increased over the last decade, due to the huge increase in the availability of crop genomic resources and <i>Arabidopsis</i>-based sequence annotation systems. However, a consistent gap between fundamental and applied science has yet to be filled. One critical point is often the unreadiness of developmental biologists on one side, to foresee agricultural applications for their discoveries, and of the breeders on the other, to exploit gene function studies to apply candidate gene approaches when advantageous. In this Special Issue, developmental biologists and breeders make a special effort to reconcile research on basic principles of plant development and organogenesis with its applications to crop production and genetic improvement. Fundamental and applied science contributions interwine and chase each other, giving the reader different but complementary perpectives from only apparently distant corners of the same world.
Florbetaben PET and the Hermes BRASS tool for automated regional and voxelwise quantification of β-amyloid brain load (2011)

1254 Objectives For β-amyloid brain PET with florbetaben, in addition to visual scan interpretation quantification via standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) and total brain volume affected may be of significant value. In a recent pilot trial, we identified the Hermes BRASS module as a potential tool to operator-independently determine both of these quantitative parameters. In this present work we evaluated the diagnostic performance of this tool when analyzing multi-center data. Methods BRASS database generation: Florbetaben PET scans from 93 cognitively normal, β-amyloid-negative healthy volunteers (HVs). Database testing: 145 florbetaben PET scans (77 patients with probable AD, 68 HVs) obtained from a multi-center Phase 2 trial, individual voxelwise and VOI-based comparison with normal database, composite SUVRs obtained by BRASS compared to those obtained by reference technique (grey matter segmentation on individual MRIs, VOIs from modified AAL template). Results The BRASS analysis of the florbetaben datasets was possible without operator-interventions within 41±4 sec. The composite SUVRs in ADs as determined by BRASS correlated significantly with those determined by the reference method (r=0.80, p 2.5). The total brain volume affected by β-amyloid was 18.6±25.7 vs. 0.8±3.7ml for the ADs and HVs (p Conclusions Florbetaben BRASS demonstrated excellent ability in discriminating between ADs and HVs, both on a regional and a voxel-based level. Thus, this software has great potential in supporting the visual interpretation of florbetaben PET image data in a rapid, user friendly and operator-independent manner. Research Support Bayer Healthcare, Berlin (Germany
Design and Characterization of High-Voltage 4H-SiC p-IGBTs (2008)

High-voltage p-channel 4H-SiC insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) have been fabricated and characterized. The devices have a forward voltage drop of 7.2 V at 100 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a -16 V gate bias at 25degC, corresponding to a specific on-resistance of 72 mOmega ldr cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a differential on-resistance of 26 mmOmega ldr cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Hole mobility of 12 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V ldr s in the inversion channel with a threshold voltage of -6 V was achieved by optimizing the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> well doping profile and gate oxidation process. A novel current enhancement layer was adopted to reduce the JFET resistance and enhance conductivity modulation by improving hole current spreading and suppressing the electron current conduction through the top n-p-n transistor. Inductive switching results have shown that the p-IGBT exhibited a turn-off time of ~1 mus and a turn-off energy loss of 12 m J at 4-kV dc-link voltage and 6-A load current at 25degC. The turn-off trajectory from the measured inductive load switching waveforms and numerical simulations shows that the p-IGBT had a near-square reverse bias safe operating area. Numerical simulations have been conducted to achieve an improved tradeoff between forward voltage drop and switching off energy by investigating the effects of drift layer lifetime and p-buffer layer parameters. The advantages of SiC p-IGBTs, such as the potential of very low ON-state resistance, slightly positive temperature coefficient, high switching speed, small switching losses, and large safe operating area, make them suitable and attractive for high-power high-frequency applications.
Why Monitor Angiogenic factors in Patients' Urine? (1994)

5:151-159. 1991 (8) Lane DP, Benchimol S: p53: oncogene or anti-oncogene? Genes Dev 4:1-8, 1990 (9) Finlay CA, Hinds PW, Levine AJ: The p53 proto-oncogene can act as a suppressor of transformation. Cell 57:1083-1093, 1989 (10) Nigro JM, Baker SJ, Preisinger AC, et al: Mutations in the p53 gene occur in diverse human tumour types. Nature 342:705-708, 1989 (/ / ) Caron de Fromentel C, Soussi T: TP53 tumor suppressor gene: a mode] for investigating human mutagenesis. Genes Chromosom Cancer 4:1-15, 1992 (12) Harris CC: p53: at the crossroads of molecular carcinogenesis and risk assessment. Science 262:1980-1981, 1993 (13) The Best Science of 1992. Time 4 January:62, 1992 (14) Molecule of the Year—p53 sweeps through cancer research. Science 262:1958-1959, 1993 (15) Kastan MB, Onyekwere O, Sidransky D, ct al: Participation of p53 protein in the cellular response to DNA damage. Cancer Res 51:63046311, 1991 (16) Kastan MB, Zhan Q, el-Deiry WS, et al: A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxiatelangiectasia. Cell 71:587-597, 1992 (17) Lane DP: Cancer. p53, guardian of the genome. Nature 358:15-16, 1992 (IS) Lowe SW, Schmitt EM, Smith SW, et al: p53 is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymocytes. Nature 362:847849, 1993 (19) Clarke AR, Purdie CA, Harrison DJ, et al: Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways. Nature 362:849-852, 1993 (20) Harper JW, Adami GR, Wei N, et al: The p21 Cdk-interacling protein Cipl is a potent inhibitor of Gl cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75:805-816, 1993 (21) el-Deiry WS, Tokino T, Velculescu VE, et al: WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75:817-825, 1993 (22) Kyritsis AP, Bondy ML, Xiao M, et al: Germline p53 gene mutations in subsets of glioma patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:344-349. 1994 (23) Malkin D: The Li-Fraumeni syndrome. In Principles and Practice of Oncology Updates (DeVita VT Jr. Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds), vol 7. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993, pp 1-14
Evaluation of three medicinal plant extracts against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and selected microganisms (2014)

The study revealed the antibacterial and antiplasmodial activities of the plants extracts at the tested concentrations.
Targeting telomerase and telomeres: a click chemistry approach towards highly selective G-quadruplex ligands (2008)

Maintenance of telomeres--specialized complexes that protect the ends of chromosomes, is undertaken by the enzyme complex telomerase, which is a key factor that is activated in more than 80% of cancer cells, but is absent in most normal cells. Targeting telomere maintenance mechanisms could potentially halt tumour growth across a broad spectrum of cancer types, with little cytotoxic effect outside cancer cells. Here, we describe in detail a new class of G-quadruplex binding ligands synthesized using a click chemistry approach. These ligands comprise a 1,3-di(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)benzene pharmacophore, and display high levels of selectivity for interaction with G-quadruplex DNA vs. duplex DNA. The ability of these ligands to inhibit the enzymatic activity of telomerase correlates with their ability to stabilize quadruplex DNA, and with estimates of affinity calculated by molecular modeling.
Transition metal complexes of the cis-dithiosquaramide ligand family (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition metal complexes of the cis-dithiosquaramide ligand familyGreg R. Frauenhoff, Fusao Takusagawa, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 19, 4002–4007Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00045a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00045a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Random Fiber Grating Characterization Based on OFDR and Transfer Matrix Method (2020)

Random fiber gratings (RFGs) have shown great potential applications in fiber sensing and random fiber lasers. However, a quantitative relationship between the degree of randomness of the RFG and its spectral response has never been analyzed. In this paper, two RFGs with different degrees of randomness are first characterized experimentally by optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). Experimental results show that the high degree of randomness leads to low backscattering strength of the grating and strong strength fluctuations in the spatial domain. The local spectral response of the grating exhibits multiple peaks and a large peak wavelength variation range when its degree of randomness is high. The linewidth of its fine spectrum structures shows scaling behavior with the grating length. In order to find a quantitative relationship between the degree of randomness and spectrum property of RFG, entropy was introduced to describe the degree of randomness induced by period variation of the sub-grating. Simulation results showed that the average reflectivity of the RFG in dB scale decreased linearly with increased sub-grating entropy, when the measured wavelength range was smaller than the peak wavelength variation range of the sub-grating. The peak reflectivity of the RFG was determined by κ2LΔP (where κ is the coupling coefficient, L is the grating length, ΔP is period variation range of the sub-grating) rather than κL when ΔP is larger than 8 nm in the spatial domain. The experimental results agree well with the simulation results, which helps to optimize the RFG manufacturing processes for future applications in random fiber lasers and sensors.
LSPR Imaging of Silver Triangular Nanoprisms: Correlating Scattering with Structure Using Electrodynamics for Plasmon Lifetime Analysis (2011)

Here, an investigation into the optical response of truncated and nontruncated Ag triangular nanoprisms is presented. Single particle darkfield microspectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are performed to obtain an overview of the relationship between plasmonic properties and nanoparticle structure. A general framework is built to describe the optical response (resonant wavelength λmax and full width at half maximum (fwhm)) of triangle nanoprisms in a size regime (60–140 nm edge length) that has not been investigated previously at this level of detail. The discrete dipole approximation is used to infer the thickness of individual nanoprisms from λmax measurements, thereby determining three-dimensional structures derived from two-dimensional TEM images. This additional structural information allowed the various contributions to the fwhm to be deconvoluted and analyzed. It is shown that electron-interface scattering, radiative damping, and bulk damping each make similar contributions to the plasmon width of the triangular prisms for the sizes considered in this work. Surface scattering is found to be seriously overestimated if it is assumed that electron collisions with all prism surfaces lead to dephasing. Reasonable comparisons between theory and experiment are found if it is assumed that only electron collisions involving motions parallel to the plane of the prism lead to dephasing. Substrate effects make a comparatively small contribution to the fwhm. Additionally, it is shown that the optical constants of Johnson and Christy [Phys. Rev. B1972, 6, 4370] provide the best match to the experimental data. We conclude by presenting the design rules for producing Ag triangular nanoparticles with narrow plasmon resonances.
Advances in Si-Ge-Sn materials science and technology (2007)

SiGeSn-based optical materials are synthesized on silicon and designed to undergo indirect-to-direct bandgap transitions via strain engineering and composition tuning across the IR range. These provide enabling buffer-layer technologies for integration of semiconductors with Si.
Fluoro ketone phospholipid analogs: new inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoro ketone phospholipid analogs: new inhibitors of phospholipase A2Michael H. GelbCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 11, 3146–3147Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00271a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nature of the surface-induced order above the direct isotropic to chiral-smectic-Atransition (1991)

We report measurements of the electric-field-induced molecular tilt in a homogeneously aligned, single-component chiral liquid crystal that undergoes a direct isotropic--to--smectic-A transition. Above the transition to the bulk isotropic phase, there exists an in-plane molecular tilt that is linearly proportional to the applied field. It is suggested that surface order plays an essential role in realizing this in-plane molecular tilt and that its temperature dependence is much stronger than that for materials possessing the nematic--to--smectic-A transition. The effects of the phase-transition sequence and the number of constituent molecular species on the nature of the surface ordering are also discussed.
ChromaBlur: Rendering natural chromatic aberration drives accommodation effectively (2018)

Retinal-image blur occurs when the eye is focused at one distance and an object is at another. Vision scientists and computer-graphics engineers often wish to create images that reproduce such depth-dependent blur, but their method is incorrect because it does not incorporate the human eye's optical aberrations. We developed a rendering method that, by incorporating these aberrations, creates displayed images that produce more natural retinal images. Here we concentrate on one aberration: longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA). LCA creates different chromatic effects in the retinal image for objects farther vs nearer than current focus. We asked whether one can drive eye focus (accommodation) by incorporating LCA into the rendering of objects meant to appear farther or nearer than current focus. Observers viewed textured planes monocularly in three conditions: 1) Real Change in which stimulus focal distance actually changed; 2) Defocus Only in which focal distance did not change but blur rendering did (each color primary treated the same); 3) Defocus + LCA (we call this ChromaBlur) in which focal distance did not change but blur rendering did (appropriately for each primary). In one experiment, real or simulated distance changed sinusoidally over time. Accommodative gains and phases were essentially identical for Real Change and Defocus + LCA. There was no response with Defocus Only. In another experiment, we opened the loop by viewing with a pinhole aperture. There was no response for Real Change, but large, overshooting responses for Defocus + LCA. Finally, we measured responses in dichromats. They did not respond reliably to Defocus + LCA because of reduced ability to sample color signals. Our results show that appropriate rendering of chromatic aberration is very effective in driving accommodation, at least in color-normal observers. This motivates new techniques for blur rendering. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Using low resolution position sensors in bumpless position/speed estimation methods for low cost PMSM drives (2005)

A bumpless position/speed estimation method which uses only a low-resolution position sensor is presented for low cost permanent magnet machine (PMSM) drives. By integrating methods, i.e. using a speed reference for zero speed startup, a low resolution Hall sensor for low speed acceleration, and back-EMF for high speed operation, the rotor position can be estimated and controlled over the entire speed range. In order to achieve bumpless transitions, the three techniques are combined with a crossover function based on the speed reference. The proposed method can be used in applications with unpredictable variation in loads, such as horizontal drum washing machines.