gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
dynaLYZE — a Matlab-based analysis package for dynamic optical tomography with the DYNOT system (2004)

dynaLYZE is a Matlab-based multifunctional analysis and visualization package accompanying the DYNOT image system, and was developed by NIRx Medical Technologies. It allows users to easily reorganize, image and interpret DYNOT time-series data sets.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the (S)-1,1-Dioxido-isothiazolidin-3-one Phosphotyrosine Mimetic via Reduction of a Homochiral (R)-Oxido-isothiazolidin-3-one (2007)

[structure: see text]. The first asymmetric synthesis of the (S)-1,1-dioxido-isothiazolidin-3-one ((S)-IZD) pTyr mimetic, which has been incorporated into the recently reported potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors, is presented herein. The key reaction is the reduction of the (R)-oxido-isothiazolidin-3-one heterocycle with excellent regiochemical and stereochemical control (>98% ee; 82% yield).
Thermomechanical modification of diffraction gratings (2004)

The most accurate approaches to fabrication of diffraction gratings are known to be the lithographic and holographic methods. The lithographic methods allow fabrication of arbitrarily chirped gratings whose performance, however, is degraded by stitching errors. The holographic methods are free from stitching errors; however, they are limited in the achievable spatial variations of their grating periods. We suggest a method of diffraction grating modification by nonuniform heating and stretching that is much more flexible than the holographic approach and does not suffer from the problem of stitching error. We demonstrate our approach for quartz phase masks that have a characteristic grating period of 1 microm and a length of several centimeters. Our approach allows the grating periods of the phase masks to vary in a range from a few picometers to a few nanometers and a spatial resolution of a few millimeters. It is shown that the grating period can be modified with a negligible effect on the profile of the gratings.
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Is Not Linked to D2-Dopamine Receptor (1990)

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome has an important genetic component; the pathophysiology of this disorder may involve the dopamine system. We tested a D2-dopamine receptor (locus DRD2, recognized by probe hD2G1) for genetic linkage with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Using a genetic linkage map of the region of DRD2 on the long arm of chromosome 11 and restriction fragment length polymorphism data from a total of four markers (DRD2 itself, D11S84, D11S29, and PBGD), we were able to exclude linkage of this candidate gene and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in two extended kindreds segregating for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. This rules out causation of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome by mutation in DRD2 in the kindreds studied under the genetic assumptions we employed; use of the map and multipoint linkage analyses also allowed us to exclude a Gilles de la Tourette syndrome susceptibility locus from a larger genetic region.
Data from Gene Expression Profiling in Uveal Melanoma Reveals Two Molecular Classes and Predicts Metastatic Death (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Melanomas are notoriously difficult to classify because of a lack of discrete clinical and pathological stages. Here, we show that primary uveal melanomas surprisingly cluster into two distinct molecular classes based on gene expression profile. Genes that discriminate class 1 (low-grade) from class 2 (high-grade) include highly significant clusters of down-regulated genes on chromosome 3 and up-regulated genes on chromosome 8q, which is consistent with previous cytogenetic studies. A three-gene signature allows biopsy-size tumor samples to be assigned accurately to tumor classes using either array or PCR platforms. Most importantly, this molecular classification strongly predicts metastatic death and outperforms other clinical and pathological prognostic indicators. These studies offer new insights into melanoma pathogenesis, and they provide a practical foundation for effective clinical predictive testing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
First-In-Human Study of Cemiplimab Alone or In Combination with Radiotherapy and/or Low-dose Cyclophosphamide in Patients with Advanced Malignancies (2019)

The safety profile of cemiplimab was comparable with other anti-PD-1 agents. Addition of hfRT and/or CPA did not appear to increase grade ≥3 irAEs, suggesting that cemiplimab can be safely administered with hfRT and/or CPA. Cemiplimab exhibited encouraging antitumor activity with 2 complete responses and 7 partial responses observed; responses were also durable.
Persistence of CTL Clones Targeting Melanocyte Differentiation Antigens Was Insufficient to Mediate Significant Melanoma Regression in Humans (2014)

Despite successful clonal repopulation and evidence of in vivo antigen targeting, the poor therapeutic efficacy after the adoptive transfer of autologous MDA-specific T cells raises significant concerns regarding future immunotherapy efforts targeting this class of tumor antigens.
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Iflaviridae (2017)

Iflaviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, positive-stranded RNA genomes of approximately 9-11 kilobases. Viruses of all classified species infect arthropod hosts, with the majority infecting insects. Both beneficial and pest insects serve as hosts, and infections can be symptomless (Nilaparvatalugens honeydew virus 1) or cause developmental abnormalities (deformed wing virus), behavioural changes (sacbrood virus) and premature mortality (infectious flacherie virus). The host range has not been examined for most members. The most common route of infection for iflaviruses is the ingestion of virus-contaminated food sources. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of the Iflaviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/iflaviridae.
High Pressure Subsonic Nucleation in 1D Nozzles — An Experimental Study (2014)

The presence of moisture in steam turbines is known to cause blade erosion and reduce turbine performance. As a result, nucleating wet steam flow has been the topic of both academic and engineering research for many decades. However, almost all of the previous experimental studies on steam nucleation have been carried out under low pressure supersonic flow conditions, either in converging-diverging (Laval) nozzles or in supersonic airfoil cascades. Some recent experimental studies conducted droplet size/wetness measurements within actual turbines, but these tests in general only give qualitative assessment on the nucleation phenomena. They are not intended to study the mechanisms of the nucleating steam flow. In this paper, an experimental study of nucleating wet steam flow under high-pressure subsonic flow conditions is presented. In particular, the world’s first high-pressure subsonic nucleation test rig was designed and built at the GE Global Research Center. This advanced test rig takes high pressure (up to 1000 psia) clean steam with controlled inlet superheat and expands it through 1D subsonic nozzles. The Wilson line location and the length of the nucleation zone are controlled through different combinations of inlet steam pressure and superheat, and overall pressure ratios. An advanced optical measurement system was developed and used to measure the Wilson line, the ensuing condensation zone, and the droplet size and number density generated from nucleation. The flow path in the nozzle is visible through specially designed sapphire windows. The optical system is essentially comprised of two laser-photodiode pairs (405 nm and 689 nm wavelength), which can be traversed along the length of the nozzle. The experiment data have indicated that significant differences exist between high pressure subsonic nucleation and low pressure supersonic nucleation. Further, an in-house 1D analytical tool as well as a 3D multiphase CFD have been used to model the test runs, and reasonable agreements have been obtained. This study has direct application in the design of Nuclear and Concentrated Solar high pressure steam turbines.
Radiofluorination of polymer-supported precursors: Preparation of [18F]-azido-prosthetics (2014)

159 Objectives Streamlining radiosynthetic processes reduces synthesis time and increases effective specific activity. Polymer-supported sulfonyl esters provide a platform for 18F tracer preparation where unlabeled precursor may be filtered from the solution obviating the need for lengthy purification. Herein we report a radiofluorination methodology utilizing polymer-supported [4-(azidomethyl)phenyl]alkylsulfonyl esters to efficiently synthesize [4-(azidomethyl)phenyl]alkyl-[18F]fluorides as prosthetics for click chemistry. Methods Either [4-(azidomethyl)phenyl]meth-, eth- or prop-anol were coupled to commercial sulfonyl chloride resin to produce polymer-bound sulfonyl esters. Nucleophilic displacement with K18F/ K2.2.2/ K2CO3 under various conditions gave the alkyl 18F-fluorides. Solid phase extraction was used to filter the resin, remove a non-radioctive hydrolysis side product and unreacted 18F- while concentrating the tracer for subsequent reactons. Labeling efficiency and purity (chemical and radiochemical) was determined by radioTLC and radioHPLC. Results Optimization studies revealed that azidomethyl-phenyl-propyl[18F]fluoride may be prepared in 60-92% yield by microwave heating in tBuOH or MeCN for 15 mins. Yields for the meth- and eth-anol analogs were significantly lower. A non-radioactive mass peak was noted in the tBuOH reaction by analytical HPLC that was absent in the MeCN reaction. The effective specific activity from the resin based method was significantly higher than the non-resin nucleophilic tosylate displacement reaction. Conclusions We have successfully prepared 18F-prosthetics for click chemistry applications in high yield from polymer-supported sulfonyl esters. This labeling strategy provides an efficient method for 18F incorporation with easy removal of starting material that may otherwise react in subsequent synthetic steps, compromising tracer specific activity. This methodology may be applied to a broader spectrum of 18F-labeled tracers. Research Support DoD (W81XWH-11-1-0464) and NIH (CA 140617)
Electron-Microscopy-Based Epitope Mapping Defines Specificities of Polyclonal Antibodies Elicited during HIV-1 BG505 Envelope Trimer Immunization (2018)

Characterizing polyclonal antibody responses via currently available methods is inherently complex and difficult. Mapping epitopes in an immune response is typically incomplete, which creates a barrier to fully understanding the humoral response to antigens and hinders rational vaccine design efforts. Here, we describe a method of characterizing polyclonal responses by using electron microscopy, and we applied this method to the immunization of rabbits with an HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine candidate, BG505 SOSIP.664. We detected known epitopes within the polyclonal sera and revealed how antibody responses evolved during the prime-boosting strategy to ultimately result in a neutralizing antibody response. We uncovered previously unidentified epitopes, including an epitope proximal to one recognized by human broadly neutralizing antibodies as well as potentially distracting non-neutralizing epitopes. Our method provides an efficient and semiquantitative map of epitopes that are targeted in a polyclonal antibody response and should be of widespread utility in vaccine and infection studies.
Pulsed and cw laser oscillations in LiF:F^–_2 color center crystal under laser diode pumping (2006)

Continuous-wave laser oscillations in LiF:F-2 crystal optically pumped by a laser diode at 970 nm were demonstrated for what is believed to be the first time. The slope efficiency of 14% and conversion efficiency of 5.5% were achieved for 80 micros pump pulse duration and 5 Hz pulse repetition rate. An efficiency twice as low was measured at a 6.25 kHz pulse repetition rate (50% off-duty factor) and in cw mode of laser operation.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF NONLINEAR REPLACEABLE LINKS IN ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAMES AND MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES (2008)

While steel EBF and MRF structures designed according to the current seismic design specifications can provide life safety during a design level earthquake, they are expected to sustain significant damage through repeated inelastic deformation and localized buckling. The design of the yielding elements is also interlinked with the design of the connecting beam, which often results in a significant over-design. These drawbacks can be mitigated by introducing nonlinear replaceable links at the locations of expected inelastic action. Ten full-scale links were tested at the University of Toronto following incremental cyclic loading protocols for verification of strength and ductility: six shear links for EBFs and four flexural links for MRFs. Two link types were tested for each system: i) back-to-back channels bolted to the web of the connecting beam, ii) W-sections with end plate connections. All end plate links provided good performance and energy dissipation. The channel links exhibited an improved ductility upon improvement of the web connection design.
Arylaminyl radicals studied by laser flash photolysis of di-tert-butyl peroxide in the presence of arylamines (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArylaminyl radicals studied by laser flash photolysis of di-tert-butyl peroxide in the presence of arylaminesElisa. Leyva, Matthew S. Platz, Baohua. Niu, and Jakob. WirzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 9, 2293–2298Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100293a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100293a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nanoparticles Bind to Endothelial Cells in Injured Blood Vessels via a Transient Protein Corona (2023)

Nanoparticles travel through blood vessels to reach disease sites, but the local environment they encounter may affect their surface chemistry and cellular interactions. Here, we found that as nanoparticles transit through injured blood vessels they may interact with a highly localized concentration of platelet factor 4 proteins released from activated platelets. The platelet factor 4 binds to the nanoparticle surface and interacts with heparan sulfate proteoglycans on endothelial cells, and induces uptake. Understanding nanoparticle interactions with blood proteins and endothelial cells during circulation is critical to optimizing their design for diseased tissue targeting and delivery.
Adrenal Vein Sampling in Primary Aldosteronism: Sensitivity and Specificity of Basal Adrenal Vein to Peripheral Vein Cortisol and Aldosterone Ratios to Confirm Catheterization of the Adrenal Vein (2015)

Basal combined ratio has the best sensitivity for the detection of AVS selectivity at all cutoff values, and for all ratios, the cutoff value of at least 2 has the best sensitivity for 100% specificity.
Biochemical and structural properties of four CYP1B1 mutations present in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) patients (2008)

Methods: The study involves heterologous protein expression of four mutant CYP1B1 forms (Y81N, E229K, A330F, R368H) in E. coli, analyzing their stability and ability to metabolize the endogenous substrates, estradiol, arachidonic acid and retinoids. Results: PCG is a major cause of childhood blindness and occurs due to an abnormal development of the trabecular meshwork (TM) and anterior chamber region of the eye. Our group was the first to link mutations in the CYP1B1 gene to the PCG phenotype. The role of CYP1B1 in eye development may involve its oxidative metabolic activity, whereby it could either generate or degrade an active signaling molecule, e.g. a morphogen, which affects the downstream transcriptional expression of genes associated with proper eye development. The data showed a high degree of instability for the Y81N and E229K mutant proteins. All the four mutants affected the metabolic activity significantly. The results were correlated with the structural changes in the CYP1B1 protein due to amino acid substitutions, based upon CYP1A2 crystal structure. Conclusion: The findings suggest that altered enzymatic properties of the CYP1B1 mutants towards endogenous substrates may be the cause of impaired eye development and the PCG phenotype. (Support: NIH grants R01 EY11095, 5R03 EY014654; American Health Assistance Foundation award AHAF G2007‐036)
Impact of Ascorbic Acid on the In Vitro Iron Bioavailability of a Casein-Based Iron Fortificant (2020)

A new iron-casein complex (ICC) has been developed for iron (Fe) fortification of dairy matrices. The objective was to assess the impact of ascorbic acid (AA) on its in vitro bioavailability in comparison with ferrous sulfate (FeSO<sub>4</sub>) and ferric pyrophosphate (FePP). A simulated digestion coupled with the Caco-2 cell culture model was used in parallel with solubility and dissociation tests. Under diluted acidic conditions, the ICC was as soluble as FeSO<sub>4</sub>, but only part of the iron was found to dissociate from the caseins, indicating that the ICC was an iron chelate. The Caco-2 cell results in milk showed that the addition of AA (2:1 molar ratio) enhanced iron uptake from the ICCs and FeSO<sub>4</sub> to a similar level (<i>p</i> = 0.582; <i>p</i> = 0.852) and to a significantly higher level than that from FePP (<i>p</i> < 0.01). This translated into a relative in vitro bioavailability to FeSO<sub>4</sub> of 36% for FePP and 114 and 104% for the two ICCs. Similar results were obtained from water. Increasing the AA to iron molar ratio (4:1 molar ratio) had no additional effect on the ICCs and FePP. However, ICC absorption remained similar to that from FeSO<sub>4</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.666; <i>p</i> = 0.113), and was still significantly higher than that from FePP (<i>p</i> < 0.003). Therefore, even though iron from ICC does not fully dissociate under gastric digestion, iron uptake suggested that ICCs are absorbed to a similar amount as FeSO<sub>4</sub> in the presence of AA and thus provide an excellent source of iron.
Accounting for Every Kilowatt (2014)

Abstract : Modern warfare relies on electrical generators at base camps. While the associated fuel costs are well understood, we cannot explain where our kilowatt-hours (kwh) are going. Reducing demand without reducing our capability requires appliance-level feedback, which current smart-meter technology does not provide.
An Efficient, Modular Synthetic Route to Oligomers Based on Zirconocene Coupling: Properties for Phenylene–Thiophene-1-Oxide and Phenylene–Thiophene-1,1-Dioxide Chains (2000)

Enge Bandlücken und hohe Elektronenaffinitäten zeichnen konjugierte Oligomere aus, die Thiophen-1-oxid- und Thiophen-1,1-dioxid-Einheiten enthalten und durch Zirconocen-vermittelte Kupplungsreaktionen synthetisiert wurden. Eine Reihe von Oligomeren mit drei bis elf Ringen (X=2 H, S=O, S(=O)2; siehe Bild) ermöglichte es, elektronische Eigenschaften konjugierter Ketten zu untersuchen. Besonders interessant ist, dass die weniger Elektronen ziehende Sulfoxidgruppe die kleinste Bandlücke zur Folge hat.
A method and system for consolidating multimedia object management in heterogeneous media systems (2005)

Today’s multimedia systems use different types of media with different play-out devices. Currently we are heading towards a situation where for example cellular content providers, the home entertainment industry and networked multimedia over the Internet provide different content and different formats that are incompatible with devices from the other systems. This is in stark contrast with the current trend in the distributed systems and Internet communities where consolidation and interoperation of heterogeneous technologies is a prime target. If the vision of a future integration of different multimedia capable devices should become reality, we must Consolidate the usage of multimedia objects and enable each player to use the different formats. This paper suggests a method and system to achieve such consolidation. We present our initial work and prototyping and aim at stirring a debate around the system to stimulate interest and future research.
Fast-time 2-D spatial modulation of physical radar emissions (2015)

It was recently shown that polyphase-coded frequency modulation (PCFM) waveforms can be expanded to incorporate a spatial modulation coding across a linear antenna array that enables fast-time beamsteering during a transmitted pulsewidth. Here this joint waveform / spatial modulation framework is generalized to two spatial dimensions via a planar array so that complete fast-time spatial steering freedom is available. The resulting emission represents a physically realizable manifestation of MIMO radar that provides enhanced spatial resolution and target discrimination capability using only matched filtering and non-adaptive beamforming. Spatial modulation can also be viewed as a time-varying form of phase-only transmit beam-shaping where the significant increase in degrees-of-freedom, relative to static beam-shaping, translates into many more possible physically achievable design solutions.
How to unravel the chemical structure and component localization of individual drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles by using tapping AFM-IR (2018)

AFM-IR is a photothermal technique that combines AFM and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to unambiguously identify the chemical composition of a sample with tens of nanometer spatial resolution. So far, it has been successfully used in contact mode in a variety of applications. However, the contact mode is unsuitable for soft or loosely adhesive samples such as polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) of less than 200 nm of wide interest for biomedical applications. We describe here the theoretical basis of the innovative tapping AFMIR mode that can address novel challenges in imaging and chemical mapping. The new method enables gaining information not only on NP morphology and composition, but also reveals drug location and core-shell structures. Whereas up to now the locations of NP components could only be hypothesized, tapping AFM-IR allows accurately visualizing both the location of the NPs' shells and that of the incorporated drug, pipemidic acid. The preferential accumulation of the drug in the NPs' top layers was proved, despite its low concentration (<1 wt%). These studies pave the way towards the use of tapping AFM-IR as a powerful tool to control the quality of NP formulations based on individual NP detection and component quantification.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐(Arylamino)imidazoles as α2‐ Adrenergic Agonists. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.