gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low temperature Cu-Cu direct bonding method with VUV and HCOOH treatment for 3D integration (2015)

In this paper, a low temperature Cu-Cu direct bonding method is demonstrated even at 175 degree C, which is less than solder melting point, by using fine crystalized bump surface and dedicated surface treatments. Our technique includes introducing fine crystal structure on Cu bump surface by ultra-precision cutting for bump planarization, not using conventional CMP method. This fine crystal structure can easily recrystallize at 150 degree C condition, which can provide a metallurgical interdiffusion between Cu-Cu interfaces. In addition, surface treatment is also crucial for direct Cu-Cu bonding. In this study, we investigated formic acid (HCOOH) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation effects on die shear strength. Cut Cu bump with VUV and HCOOH condition at 175 degree C not only showed high bonding strength, but also exhibited solid diffusion at interface while Cut Cu with HCOOH condition showed clear interface.
Solar forecasting using machine learned cloudiness classification (2023)

Methods and systems for predicting irradiance include learning a classification model using unsupervised learning based on historical irradiance data. The classification model is updated using supervised learning based on an association between known cloudiness states and historical weather data. A cloudiness state is predicted based on forecasted weather data. An irradiance is predicted using a regression model associated with the cloudiness state.
Ultrahigh-frequency microplasma jet as a low-power, high-density, and localized ions/radicals source (2008)

An ultrahigh-frequency (450 MHz) microplasma jet was stably generated at a chamber pressure as low as 10−3 Pa. Electron and gas temperatures of this microplasma as estimated by optical-emission spectroscopy measurements were ∼7000 and 1000 K, respectively. The atomic oxygen flux at the torch exit was revealed to be of the order of 1019 atoms/cm2 s, which is 102–104 times higher than that obtained by other conventional plasma sources. This microplasma jet was also applied as an ion source for in situ neutralization of electron charging-up effects in a scanning-electron microscopy observation of insulating materials.
Transverse Orientation of Lamellae and Cylinders by Solution Extrusion of a Pentablock Copolymer (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTTransverse Orientation of Lamellae and Cylinders by Solution Extrusion of a Pentablock CopolymerTamotsu Harada, Frank S. Bates, and Timothy P. LodgeView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431 Cite this: Macromolecules 2003, 36, 15, 5440–5442Publication Date (Web):June 28, 2003Publication History Received2 April 2003Revised2 June 2003Published online28 June 2003Published inissue 1 July 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma034417bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma034417brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Annealing (metallurgy),Copolymers,Extrusion,Solvents,X-ray scattering Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and antiviral activity of metabolites of rimantadine (1990)

The hydroxy metabolites of rimantadine (3-5) were synthesized and compared to amantadine (1) and rimantadine (2) for their ability to inhibit the replication of influenza viruses in vitro. All three metabolites were inhibitory to wild-type influenza A viruses (H3N2 and H1N1). In particular, 2-hydroxyrimantadine (3) showed similar activity to amantadine, but the 3- and 4-hydroxy metabolites (4 and 5, respectively), both of which are found in rimantadine-treated patients, showed only modest inhibitory activity. A rimantadine-resistant isolate of influenza A virus exhibited cross-resistance to amantadine and to each of the metabolites 3-5. None of the compounds were effective against influenza B virus.
Adhesive Joining of Composite Laminates Using Epoxy Resins with Stoichiometric Offset (2019)

Polymer matrix composites are used in high performance structures because of their excellent specific strength, toughness and stiffness along the fiber. To realize the full performance advantages of composites, complex, built-up structures must be assembled with adhesive, but uncertainty in bond strength requires manufacturers to install bolts or other crack arrest features to ensure safety in critical applications. The inherent uncertainty in adhesive bonds stems from the material discontinuity at the composite-to-adhesive interfaces, which are susceptible to contamination. In contrast, composites made by co-curing, although limited in size and complexity, result in predictable structures that may be certifiable for commercial aviation with reduced dependence on redundant load paths.1 The pro-posed technology uses a stoichiometric offset of the hardener-to-epoxy ratio on the faying surfaces of laminates. Assembly of the components in a subsequent “secondary-co-cure” process results in a joint with no material discontinuities.
A direct interaction model for chemiluminescent reactions (1984)

A fully general direct interaction with product repulsion (DIPR) model is developed to aid in the interpretation of product population and alignment data from beam-gas chemiluminescence reactions of the type: A+BC→AB*+C, where AB* is an electronically excited diatomic product. In this model an electron jump occurs at relatively large A–BC reagent separation which initiates a strong repulsive interaction in BC. This is followed by an attractive interaction between A and B, which is less rapid than the BC repulsion. Product repulsion is taken to be distributed as in photodissociation (the DIP extension of the DIPR model), and the attractive and repulsive energy releases are considered to be separable. The electronic energy of the BC product is subtracted from the total available energy to yield an effective exothermicity which is set equal to the sum of the attractive and repulsive energies. Given reaction exothermicity, reagent and product molecular constants, and repulsive interaction parameters, this model yields the product alignment, vibrational distribution, and rotational distribution for each possible product electronic state. Application to the Ca(1S0)+F2→CaF(B 2∑+)+F reaction shows good agreement with experimental results. It is suggested for Ca+F2 that the CaF* alignment originates from a collinear orientational preference for reaction of the reagents.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids constrict isolated pressurized rabbit pulmonary arteries (2000)

Little information is available regarding the vasoactive effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in the lung. We demonstrate that 5, 6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs contract pressurized rabbit pulmonary arteries in a concentration-dependent manner. Constriction to 5,6-EET methyl ester or 14,15-EET is blocked by indomethacin or ibuprofen (10(-5) M), SQ-29548, endothelial denuding, or submaximal preconstriction with the thromboxane mimetic U-46619. Constriction of pulmonary artery rings to phenylephrine is blunted by treatment with the epoxygenase inhibitor N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide. Pulmonary arteries and peripheral lung microsomes metabolize arachidonate to products that comigrate on reverse-phrase HPLC with authentic regioisomers of 5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs, but no cyclooxygenase products of EETs could be demonstrated. Proteins of the CYP2B, CYP2E, CYP2J, CYP1A, and CYP2C subfamilies are present in pulmonary artery and peripheral lung microsomes. Constriction of isolated rabbit pulmonary arteries to EETs is nonregioselective and depends on intact endothelium and cyclooxygenase, consistent with the formation of a pressor prostanoid compound. These data raise the possibility that EETs may contribute to regulation of pulmonary vascular tone.
Dynamics of the Conformational Ensemble of Partially Folded Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (1998)

A single-disulfide variant of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), [14-38]Abu, is a partially folded ensemble which includes two, and in one case three, conformations that interconvert slowly enough to exhibit separate cross-peaks in the amide region of homonuclear and heteronuclear NMR spectra. Each conformation is itself composed of many subconformations in rapid equilibrium. Partially folded BPTI undergoes local motions that are slow, noncooperative, independent fluctuations of short segments within the chain. Cooperative global unfolding of the ensemble is also observed. Heteronuclear NMR has been used to measure interconversion rate constants of partially folded conformational substates; the rate constants differ for each residue and vary over an order of magnitude. For local fluctuation, the forward rate constants for amide protons of the antiparallel beta-sheet are significantly smaller than the rest of the molecule, consistent with other indications that this is the most stable part of the partially folded protein. The reverse rate constants also vary; they are the highest for Ala 27 in the turn between the strands in the sheet and for Phe 33 in the antiparallel beta-sheet. Global unfolding interconversion rate constants vary over a 3-fold range, consistent with previously observed deviations from two-state behavior. Fast backbone dynamics, from T1, T2, and NOE relaxation parameters, are obtained for the slowly interchanging conformations in the partially folded ensemble. Clear differences are observed between the two conformations; one is more flexible and less compact than the other. In the more flexible and disordered partially folded conformation, intermediate exchange is detected for some backbone amides, namely, those in the central beta-sheet and the turn. These same sheet and turn residues are more ordered in the globally denatured ensemble as well. Our results suggest that the turn initiates formation of a partially folded ensemble in which the slow-exchange core is the most stable region and in which segmental fluctuations reflect multiple nuclei for folding of the rest of the molecule.
Liquid Phase Synthesis and Characterization of LaPO4:Yb3+/GdPO4 Nanoparticles with NIR Emission under NIR Excitation (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Influence of OSEM, elliptical orbits and background activity on SPECT 3D resolution recovery (1997)

In maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) reconstruction of SPECT images, if both attenuation correction (AC) and detector response correction (DRC) are included, the reconstruction can be too time consuming to be clinically useful. With use of the ordered-subset expectation-maximization (OSEM) reconstruction, it has been reported that the reconstruction time can be substantially reduced. We investigated the reconstruction of point sources in a non-uniform attenuation medium in terms of the normalized FWHM of these sources. We compared MLEM versus OSEM reconstructions; circular versus elliptical orbits; and the presence versus the absence of background activity in the object. We found: (i) that OSEM does speed up the reconstruction by a factor of 10 over MLEM; (ii) that the resolution recovery does not depend on the type of orbit if both AC and DRC are included in the reconstruction; however, when there is background activity, a significant number of iterations are required to alleviate the effect of orbit; (iii) that background activity significantly slows down the resolution recovery of the point sources; and (iv) that if reconstruction only includes AC, and not DRC, changing orbit can change isotropy of recovered resolution, whereas introducing background activity may degrade the recovered resolution and also changes the isotropy.
A Kinetic Model of Inorganic Phosphorus Mass Balance in Hemodialysis Therapy (2003)

These results are very encouraging that it may be possible to monitor the individual effects of diet, dialysis and binders in HD and thus optimize these parameters of iP mass balance and reduce phosphate accumulation in tissues.
Low-complexity intrauterine pressure estimation using the Teager energy operator on electrohysterographic recordings (2014)

Monitoring the progression of maternal uterine activity provides important prognostic information during pregnancy and parturition. Currently used methods for intrauterine pressure (IUP) measurement are unsuitable for long-term observation of uterine activity. The abdominally measured electrohysterogram (EHG) provides a non-invasive alternative to the existing methods for long-term ambulatory uterine contraction monitoring. A new low-complexity method for IUP estimation based on the Teager energy (TE) operator is proposed. The TE operator was used as it mimics the physiologic phenomena underlying the generation of the EHG signals. Several EHG signal analysis methods for IUP estimation from the literature are compared with the new TE method. The comparison is based on correlation and root mean square error of the IUP estimate with the gold standard internally measured IUP as well as their respective computational complexity. The proposed method results in a superior IUP estimation accuracy and complexity compared to state-of-the-art methods from the literature, with a complexity as much as 55 times lower. Therefore, the proposed method offers a valuable new option for long-term ambulatory uterine monitoring.
Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells are effective against CEACAM5 expressing non-small cell lung cancer cells resistant to antibody-drug conjugates (2023)

Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising therapeutic strategies in oncology. The carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) is overexpressed in tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and is an attractive target for therapies based on CAR-T cell or/and ADCs. We previously developed a highly specific antibody-based CAR-T cells targeting CEACAM5 and the tumoricidal effect of CAR-T cells was proved against neuro-endocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) cells expressing CEACAM5. Here, we compare the anti-tumor efficacy of our CAR-T cells with that of an anti-CEACAM5 ADC being clinically evaluated against NSCLC. Our anti-CEACAM5 CAR-T cells showed cytotoxicity in a CEACAM5 surface concentration dependent manner and reduced tumor growth in both ADC-responsive and -non-responsive CEACAM5-expressing NSCLC cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. In contrast, the ADC exhibited cytotoxicity independent on the CEACAM5 cell surface concentration. Even though clinical translation of CEACAM5 targeting CAR-T cell therapies is still in preclinical stage, our CAR-T cell approach could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for CEACAM5-positive cancer patients with resistance to ADCs.
Evaluation of the efficacy of bacteriophages-derived lytic enzymes (lysins) to reduce colonization and transmission of Streptococcus suis in pigs (2019)

OBJECTIVE Streptococcus suis causes severe infections in pigs, and occasionally in humans. To control disease in pigs, large amounts of antimicrobials are used. An alternative, more pathogen specific approach could be the therapeutic use of bacteriophage lysins. Our objective was to study the effect of nasal and oral application of lysins ΔPlySs1 and PlySs2 [1] on S. suis serotype 9 colonization and transmission, and on clinical signs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two experiments that only differed in lysins doses were performed. Each consisted of one lysins- and one placebo-treated group. In each group 5 pigs were inoculated intranasally with S. suis, and 6 contactpigs were added. Pigs were monitored for two weeks, in which treatment was given to both inoculated (days 3-4 and 8-10) and contact pigs (days 1-4 and 8-10). Per treatment a pig received a combination of ΔPlySs1 and PlySs2, in low (0.8 and 0.4 mg) or high doses (1.1 and 3.5 mg) in the two experiments respectively. Saliva and nose swab samples, and tonsillar tissue samples were tested for S. suis by quantitative bacteriological culture. RESULTS Lysin-treated pigs showed a significant reduction in S. suis loads in saliva (1.27-1.81 10LogCFU) and nose samples (1.67 10LogCFU) on one day (high-dose group) or two days (low-dose group). Transmission rates did not differ between lysin-treated and control groups (Plow-dose=0.530; Phigh-dose=0.487), and clinical signs and mortality were comparable. CONCLUSION Although phage lysins ΔPlySs1 and PlySs2 show a clear lytic activity against S. suis in vitro and strongly reduce S. suis colonization in a mouse model [1,2], they appeared not to be effective in pigs with the current formulation. Application did not reduce S. suis transmission between animals or protect against clinical signs and mortality. Reduction of mucosal colonization was only observed on some days of lysins administration. REFERENCES [1] D.B. Gilmer, J.E. Schmitz, C.W. Euler, V.A. Fischetti, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57(6) (2013) 2743-50. [2] D.B. Gilmer, J.E. Schmitz, M. Thandar, C.W. Euler, V.A. Fischetti, PLoS ONE 12(1) (2017) e0169180.
5‐5: Late‐News Paper: Low‐Power‐Consumption Flexible AMOLED Display with Highly Efficient TE‐Type Blue OLED (2019)

Low‐power‐consumption 6.18” WQHD+ flexible AMOLED displays with highly efficient top‐emission type blue OLEDs have been developed. Using a blue emitter with narrow spectrum and short peak wavelength, which indicates deep blue chromaticity, the AMOLED displays show 11% lower power consumption at entire white image.
Fiber transmission system application and limitation of multicanonical sampling in PMD emulation (2005)

We apply multicanonical sampling to a 10-Gb/s fiber transmission system using a recirculating loop as a PMD emulator. With 22-ps average PMD, the probability density at 10/sup -5/ BER increases from 5/spl times/10/sup -4/ (Monte-Carlo) to 0.01 (multicanonical).
Dry Functionalization and Doping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Ozone (2015)

We propose a simple and dry technique to functionalize and dope single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with ozone. The doping under ozone-controlled conditions (300 mg/h) during 30 min was shown to give a 4-fold decrease in the sheet resistance of SWCNT films (148 Ω/square at the transmittance of 90%). Further ozone treatment of the SWCNTs leads to deterioration in the film conductance. The conductivity alteration is discussed in the light of the Criegee mechanism, oxidation and charge transfer during the ozone exposure. The samples were characterized by TEM, FT-IR, Raman, UV–vis–NIR, and XPS to confirm the findings of the work. The ozone-treated samples show increased hydrophilicity with increasing ozone treatment time, which makes possible to coat the SWCNT samples with inorganic materials. SWCNTs after ozone treatment can be successfully and uniformly coated by ZnO with the help of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique.
Experimental Simulation on the Influencing Factors of Sand Production in H Gas Storage, Xinjiang, China (2021)

Affected by the complex operation mode of strong injection and strong production, sand production can seriously affect the life cycle and peak shaving capacity of gas storage. In this paper, combined with the actual production situation of China's largest gas storage (H Gas Storage), the effect of the gas flow rate, production pressure difference, formation pressure drop, permeability, and water saturation on sand production was systematically analyzed via an indoor sand production simulation experiment. The results showed that from the initial flow rate of 1.88 L/min to a critical flow rate of 3.87 L/min, the core permeability and the stage sand production continued to increase; however, during the flow rate from 3.87 to 8.58 L/min, the core permeability and the stage sand production decreased gradually. The whole process showed that only a small amount of free sand was produced in the early anhydrous production stage. Proper sand production in this stage can make the rock permeability and the gas production grow to a certain extent. But when the gas flow rate reached 3.87-8.58 L/min, pore throats were blocked by sand particles of large sizes. When all sand particles were carried away by the gas flow, no sand production occurred and the rock permeability remained unchanged. In this experiment, the critical pressure difference was 5 MPa. Under the same production pressure difference, the greater the rock permeability, the greater the stage sand production; similarly, under the same rock permeability, the greater the production pressure difference, the greater the stage sand production. In the case of high rock permeability, sand production occurred when the displacement pressure difference was 2 MPa. For the formation pressure drop, sand production occurred when the effective stress reached 10 MPa; furthermore, when the effective stress reached 16.5 MPa, the stage sand production reached the largest value; finally, when the effective stress reached 28 MPa, no sand production occurred anymore. Sand production was easy to occur in cores containing water, which was related to the hydration and swelling of clay minerals, the increase of seepage resistance in gas-water two-phase fluids, and the increase of shear stress in pore throats.
Crystal structure and biological properties of a tetranuclear zinc(II) complex of cysteamine, [Zn4Cym4Cl4] prepared in the presence of diamines (2015)

The reactions of ZnCl2 and cysteamine hydrochloride (Cym-H · HCl) in the presence of diamines; 1,3-diaminopropane (dap) and tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen) yielded a Zn-cysteaminate complex, [Zn4Cym4Cl4] (1). In the similar reaction with cis-1,2-diaminocyclohxane (dach), a diamine complex, [Zn(dach)Cl2] (2) was obtained. The compounds, 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopy. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of 1 shows that the complex exists in the form of a tetranuclear molecule in which zinc atoms are bridged by S atoms of Cym forming an eight-membered ring. The complex consists of two crystallographically independent Zn(II) ions. Zn1 and symmetry related ion are coordinated with two sulfur atoms and two nitrogen atoms of Cym, while Zn2 and symmetry related ion exhibit a ZnS2Cl2 setup. In both coordination environments zinc atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry. Antimicrobial activities of the complex 1 were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration and the results showed that the complex exhibited remarkable activities against gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa) and yeasts (C. albicans, S. cerevisiae).