gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L27 Peripheral microencapsulated porcine sertoli cells for a xenograft neuroprotective treatment in huntington’s disease (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Elongated Huntingtin (Htt) protein causes testes atrophy in models and a cascade of biological events in and out of the nervous system, including inflammation and production of factors such as cytokines. Recent evidence documented that testis-derived porcine Sertoli cells show neuroprotective properties. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether therapeutic approaches by peripheral transplantation of microencapsulated SCs may represent an effective strategy to counteract cell dysfunction within and out of the nervous system in HD. <h3>Methods</h3> In order to prevent any transmission of infectious adventitious agents to the cells graft recipients, we have isolated porcine Sertoli (pSC) monolayers, obtained from specific pathogen free (SPF) certified neonatal pigs and born in the unique SPF colony. Cells were assessed for viability, by ethidium bromide and fluorescein diacetate (EB/FD), and characterised for Müllerian inhibiting substance (AMH), insulin-like 3 (INSL3), alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMI), both by immunofluorescence (IF) and cytofluorimetric analysis (CA). pSC were encapsulated in alginate microcapsules (Ba-MCpSCs) and pSC functional competence was evaluated by AMH, inhibin B, TGF-β, IGF-I secretion. <h3>Results</h3> We report the high purity of our pSC monolayers (95% of AMH+cells), with negligible contamination of Leydig (2%) and peritubular cells (3%). Microencapsulation did not alter pSC viability and even after 4 months post-implantation, has demonstrated that this treatment provide clear evidence of the neuroprotective and antiinflammatory effects by a single intraperitoneal injection in peritoneal cavity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The procedure we describe has the potential for human application in clinical practice. The beneficial effects of pSC monolayers, obtained from specific pathogen free (SPF) certified pSC transplantation in HD models, provide new perspectives for innovative, not particularly invasive, xenograft therapy in HD.
53.3: Properties of a Field Emission Lighting Device Employing High Crystallized Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2013)

Abstract We developed a new cathode for a visible ray flat plane‐emission device formed from a mixture of high crystallized single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersed into an organic In 2 O 3 ‐SnO 2 solution. A thin film cathode was fabricated by a simple coating process of the mixture onto a substrate. The turn‐on field of a diode using the cathode was 1.2 V/μm and the brightness homogeneity in that plane was within 5 %. The brightness fluctuation from the lighting device could be reduced to within 1 % by employing high crystallized SWNTs. Furthermore, brightness efficiency, which is an important factor in comparing luminance devices, achieved more than 50 lm / W. This flat plane‐emission device has the potential to provide a new approach to lighting in our life style and it also contributes to energy‐saving through its low power consumption.
Structures of the CDK12/CycK complex with AMP-PNP reveal a flexible C-terminal kinase extension important for ATP binding (2015)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) promotes transcriptional elongation by phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD). Structure-function studies show that this activity is dependent on a C-terminal kinase extension, as well as the binding of cyclin K (CycK). To better define these interactions we determined the crystal structure of the human CDK12/CycK complex with and without the kinase extension in the presence of AMP-PNP. The structures revealed novel features for a CDK, including a large β4-β5 loop insertion that contributes to the N-lobe interaction with the cyclin. We also observed two different conformations of the C-terminal kinase extension that effectively open and close the ATP pocket. Most notably, bound AMP-PNP was only observed when trapped in the closed state. Truncation of this C-terminal structure also diminished AMP-PNP binding, as well as the catalytic activity of the CDK12/CycK complex. Further kinetic measurements showed that the full length CDK12/CycK complex was significantly more active than the two crystallised constructs suggesting a critical role for additional domains. Overall, these results demonstrate the intrinsic flexibility of the C-terminal extension in CDK12 and highlight its importance for both ATP binding and kinase activity.
Anionic polymerization of primary acrylates as promoted by lithium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxide (1997)

Some primary acrylates, such as methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, and n-nonyl acrylate (MA, EA, nBuA and nNonA, respectively) have been anionically polymerized by using diphenylmethyl lithium (DPMLi) as an initiator, in the presence of a chelating μ-σ dual ligand, i.e., a polydentate lithium alkoxide, at low temperature. It has been found that lithium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxide (LiOEEM) is a very efficient ligand in preventing the anionic polymerization of these monomers from being disturbed by significant secondary transfer and termination reactions. Even for the difficult cases of ethyl and methylacrylate, that approach provides high polymerization yields and low polydispersity, allowing the molecular weight to be predetermined. LiOEEM/initiator molar ratio, solvent polarity, temperature and monomer concentration have proved to be key parameters in the control of the polymerization process. The efficiency of that control is however dependent on the monomer structure and improves with the length of the n-alkyl substituent, i.e., MA < EA < nBuA < nNonA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of different population, orientation, and alignment relaxation rates in resonant four-wave mixing (1996)

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study on the effects of different population, orientation, and alignment relaxation rates in resonant four-wave mixing (RFWM). Signal generation in RFWM can be viewed as the formation of and scattering from laser-induced population, orientation, and alignment gratings. We show that the relative contributions from the upper-state and lower-state population, orientation, and alignment gratings to the observed output signal can be changed by varying the polarizations of the three input fields. A theory is developed to account for these changes in collisional environments where the three multipole moments of the total angular momentum distribution, i.e., the population, the orientation, and the alignment, relax unequally. This theory is applied to the OH radical in an atmospheric-pressure H2/O2/He flame for which we have measured the line profiles using high-resolution degenerate and nearly degenerate four-wave mixing. We find that orientation and alignment gratings relax more rapidly than population gratings for low rotational levels of OH in the presence of He but at essentially the same rate for high rotational levels. A discussion is presented of the importance of this effect in the interpretation of RFWM experiments.
Type IV collagen stimulates an increase in intracellular calcium. Potential role in tumor cell motility. (1992)

Type IV collagen (Coll IV), a component of the extracellular matrix, stimulates motility in the A2058 human melanoma cell line, a response that is inhibited by pertussis toxin (PT). Fibronectin (FN)-induced chemotaxis in this cell line is not affected by PT. To understand the mechanism of cellular signaling, single cell intracellular Ca2+ responses to Coll IV and FN were studied using Fura-2 and digital imaging fluorescence microscopy. Coll IV, at a dose that stimulates motility (100 micrograms/ml, 185 nM), induces a significant rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) within 100 s. This response is not inhibited by PT. Treatment of the cells with FN 30 micrograms/ml (70 nM), a dose that stimulates near-maximal chemotaxis, does not increase [Ca2+]i appreciably. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ fails to inhibit the Coll IV-stimulated rise in Ca2+ in all cells. Depletion of extracellular Ca2+ and pretreatment of cells with Ca2+ channel blockers only partially inhibits Coll IV-induced motility. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ inhibits both chemotaxis and the Coll IV-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+. Coll IV does not stimulate membrane phosphoinositide hydrolysis. We conclude that Coll IV treatment induces an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-independent release of intracellular Ca2+ stores which appears to play a necessary role in the chemotactic response of A2058 cells but is not mediated by a PT-sensitive G-protein. This response is not seen in cells exposed to FN, suggesting different intracellular signaling mechanisms for stimulated motility between these two extracellular matrix molecules.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions in Supramolecular Arrays: Studies of Electronic Coupling and Solvation (1993)

Research in our laboratory focuses on developing supramolecular arrays that produce long-lived charge separation by limiting the electronic coupling between the separated charges, and on the role of solvation in determining the rates and energetics of photoinitiated electron transfer reactions. Arrays have been developed that closely mimic the electronic coupling that was observed only for long-lived radical pairs produced in photosynthetic glassy solids. A series of 36 fixed-distance donor-acceptor molecules using porphyrin donors, triptycene spacers, and 9 different acceptors has been prepared; these are used to probe the dependence of photoinduced charge separation rates on free energy of reaction as a function of solvent both in liquid and solid solution. Data were obtained on rates of charge separation in dioxane, MTHF, butyronitrile, toluene, chlorobenzene, and benzonitrile.
Observer based control for elastic joint robots (1995)

In this paper we present an approach to control elastic modes of the robot joints using only measurements of the variables on the rotor side of the transmission. First, a simple and robust observer is proposed to estimate link positions and velocities. The state estimates are used in a fast inner loop to damp oscillations in the joints. Simulations have shown good performance of the observer and the closed loop system in the presence of measurement noise and parameter uncertainties.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: TOWARDS THE CONSTRUCTION OF A COMPLETE CYCLIC WATER DECOMPOSITION SYSTEM. DESIGN AND OPERATION OF AN OXYGEN‐PRODUCING HALF CELL (1980)

Abstract Die Auflösung von Fe(bipy) 3 3+ in wäßrigen, RuO 2 ‐Katalysator (als Pulver oder kolloidal) enthaltenden Lösungen erfolgt unter gleichzeitiger O 2 ‐Entwicklung.
Dielectric–Semiconductor Interface Limits Charge Carrier Motion at Elevated Temperatures and Large Carrier Densities in a High‐Mobility Organic Semiconductor (2019)

Abstract The fundamental nature of charge transport in highly ordered organic semiconductors is under constant debate. At cryogenic temperatures, effects within the semiconductor such as traps or the interaction of charge carriers with the insulating substrate (dipolar disorder or Fröhlich polarons) are known to limit carrier motion. In comparison, at elevated temperatures, where charge carrier mobility often also decreases as function of temperature, phonon scattering or dynamic disorder are frequently discussed mechanisms, but the exact microscopic cause that limits carrier motion is debated. Here, the mobility in the temperature range between 200 and 420 K as function of carrier density is explored in highly ordered perylene‐diimide from 3 to 9 nm thin films. It is observed that above room temperature increasing the gate electric field or decreasing the semiconducting film thickness leads to a suppression of the charge carrier mobility. Via X‐ray diffraction measurements at various temperatures and electric fields, changes of the thin film structure are excluded as cause for the observed mobility decrease. The experimental findings point toward scattering sites or traps at the semiconductor–dielectric interface, or in the dielectric as limiting factor for carrier mobility, whose role is usually neglected at elevated temperatures.
Efficient Use of End-to-End Data in Spoken Language Processing (2021)

For many challenging tasks there is often limited data to train the systems in an end-to-end fashion, which has become increasingly popular for deep-learning. However, these tasks can normally be split into multiple separate modules, with significant quantities of data associated with each module. Spoken language processing applications fit into this scenario, as they usually start with a speech recognition module, followed by multiple task specific modules to achieve the end goal. This work examines how the best use can be made of limited end-to-end training for sequence-to-sequence tasks. The key to improving the use of the data is to more tightly integrate the modules via embeddings, rather than simply propagating words between modules. In this work speech translation is considered as the spoken language application. When significant quantities of in-domain, end-to-end data is available, cascade approaches operate well. When the in-domain data is limited, how-ever, tighter integration between modules enables better use of the data to be made. One of the challenges with tighter integration is how to ensure embedding consistency between the modules. A novel form of embedding-passing between modules is proposed that shows improved performance over both cascade and standard embedding-passing approaches for limited in-domain data.
Supplementary Data S2 from Disabled Homolog 2 Controls Prometastatic Activity of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Marker genes for macrophages clusters from WT and Dab2 KO samples. Related to Fig. 1C-D&lt;/p&gt;
Magnetothermopower of Co/Cu1−xNix multilayers (1994)

We studied the magnetothermopower of Co/Cu1−xNix multilayers (with x=0.37 and 0.42) at various temperatures. Both systems have negative thermopower and the magnitude of the thermopower increases as the magnetic field increases. We found that as the ferromagnetic component of the magnetization becomes larger at lower temperatures, both the magnetothermopower and the magnetoresistance decrease. The inverse relationship between the thermopower and the resistance, when the field H varies, holds well at different temperatures. We interpret the results in terms of the two-current model, with an emphasis on the spin-split density of states.
Bacillus subtilis (2012)

Most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization, a non-invasive needle-free route, often stimulates a mucosal immune response that is both effective against mucosal and systemic pathogens. The development of mucosally administered heat-stable vaccines with long shelf life would therefore significantly enhance immunization programs in developing countries by avoiding the need for a cold chain or systemic injections. Currently, recombinant vaccine carriers are being used for antigen delivery. Engineering Bacillus subtilis for use as a non-invasive and heat stable antigen delivery system has proven successful. Bacterial spores protected by multiple layers of protein are known to be robust and resistant to desiccation. Stable constructs have been created by integration into the bacterial chromosome of immunogens. The spore coat has been used as a vehicle for heterologous antigen presentation and protective immunization. Sublingual (SL) and intranasal (IN) routes have recently received attention as delivery routes for therapeutic drugs and vaccines and recent attempts by several investigators, including our group, to develop vaccines that can be delivered intranasally and sublingually have met with a lot of success. As discussed in this review, the use of Bacillus subtilis to express antigens that can be administered either intranasally or sublingually is providing new insights in the area of mucosal vaccines. In our work, we evaluated the efficacy of SL and IN immunizations with B. subtilis engineered to express tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) in mice and piglets. These bacteria engineered to express heterologous antigen either on the spore surface or within the vegetative cell have been used for oral, IN and SL delivery of antigens. A Bacillus subtilis spore coat protein, CotC was used as a fusion partner to express the tetanus fragment C. B. subtilis spores known to be highly stable and safe are also easy to purify making this spore-based display system a potentially powerful approach for surface expression of antigens. These advances will help to accelerate the development and testing of new mucosal vaccines against many human and animal diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: The Regioselective Synthesis of Halophenols. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of Polyenes: Chiral Auxiliary vs Chiral Reagent‐Based Approach. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CMOS Mini Nuclear Magnetic Resonance System and its Application for Biomolecular Sensing (2008)

This paper reports the smallest complete nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system made possible by CMOS integration of a highly sensitive and versatile RF transceiver. The system's functionality is verified through proton NMR measurements in water and biomolecular sensing. The system is 60x more sensitive, 40x smaller, and 60x lighter than a commonly-used, state-of-the- art commercial benchtop NMR system.
On Azimuth Observability During INS Alignment in Horizontal Drilling (2005)

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has a significant impact on improving oil and gas exploration and extraction. Long-term HDD performance and accuracy are directly related to high-quality navigation capabilities. Currently, HDD navigation incorporates magnetometers which provide azimuth angle readings based on the Earth magnetic field. However, due to magnetometer susceptibility to magnetic interferences, the accuracy of this technique is limited. Introduction of inertial navigation systems (INS) in above-ground navigation motivated researching new avenues for magnetometer replacement in horizontal drilling. Previous research has showed that direct application of INS downhole has longterm limitations, predominantly due to the growing error in the azimuth angle. The proposed In-Drilling Alignment (IDA) is a method that can significantly reduce this cumulative azimuth angle error, thus facilitating INS applicability in horizontal drilling. The IDA concept takes advantage of options available during the HDD process by introducing controlled motion patterns in a predesigned space. Using this technique the INS observability can be significantly improved, resulting in reduced state error.
Assessing Virtual Reality Environment for Remote Telementoring during Open Surgeries (2022)

In a telementoring setup for open surgeries, the motion of virtual surgical instruments is superimposed onto the operative field. This assists a mentor to effectively convey to the mentee the information pertaining to the required tool-tissue interactions during the surgery. The aim of this work is to assess the effects of using a virtual reality environment at mentor's site (in contrast to conventional visualization on a two-dimensional screen) during surgical telementoring. A user study is conducted simulating motion of virtual surgical instrument in an open surgery. The results show that mentor is able to demonstrate with higher accuracy and in shorter duration, the required virtual surgical instrument motions. Thus, rendering information to the mentor in an immersive virtual reality environment assists in better understanding of the operative field and enhanced control of the virtual surgical instrument motion. This further aids in conveying accurate information pertaining to the tool-tissue interaction to the mentee.
Description of neurotoxicity in a series of patients treated with CAR T-cell therapy (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR T) cell therapy is a highly promising treatment for haematological malignancies but is frequently associated with cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Between July 2018 and July 2019, all patients treated with CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapy for relapsing lymphoma were followed-up longitudinally to describe neurological symptoms and their evolution over time. Four different French centres participated and 84 patients (median age 59 years, 31% females) were included. Neurotoxicity, defined as the presence of at least one neurological symptom appearing after treatment infusion, was reported in 43% of the patients. The median time to onset was 7 days after infusion with a median duration of 6 days. More than half of the patients (64%) had grade 1-2 severity and 34% had grade 3-4. CRS was observed in 80% of all patients. The most frequent neurological symptoms were cognitive signs, being severe in 36%, and were equally distributed between language disorders and cognitive disorders without language impairment. Non-pyramidal motor disorders, severe in 11%, were reported in 42% of the patients. Elevation of C-reactive protein (CRP) within 4 days after treatment was significantly correlated with the occurrence of grade 3-4 neurotoxicity. Although sometimes severe, neurotoxicity was almost always reversible. The efficacy of steroids and antiepileptic drugs remains unproven in the management of neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicity associated with CAR T-cell therapies occurs in more than 40% of patients. The clinical pattern is heterogeneous but cognitive disorders (not limited to language disorders) and, to a minor degree, non-pyramidal motor disorders, appeared as a signature of severe neurotoxicity.