gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Perovskite Polytype in the High-Pressure Sequence of BaIrO3 (2009)

The high-pressure sequence of the perovskite polytypes of BaIrO(3) has been investigated in the pressure range up to 10 GPa. At ambient pressure the so-called "9R" polytype has been prepared by solid-state reaction and slow cooling in air to yield an almost fully oxygen-stoichiometric BaIrO(2.96(1)) composition. The crystal structure has been refined from XRD data in the monoclinic C2/m space group with a = 10.0046(3) A, b = 5.75362(14) A, c = 15.1839(4) A, beta = 103.27(1) degrees ; it contains trimers of face-sharing octahedra (or Ir(3)O(12) trioctahedra) that are linked by their vertices to form columns parallel to the c-axis with a stacking of layers of corner sharing (c) and face sharing (h) IrO(6) octahedra along the sequence hhchhc. This structure is stable up to 3 GPa; at 4 GPa a new 5H polytype has been stabilized as a pure phase. The crystal structure has been solved by ab initio procedures from powder XRD data. It is monoclinic with a = 9.9511(2) A, b = 5.7503(1) A, c = 13.71003(3) A, beta = 118.404(2) degrees , and it was refined in the C2/m space group from NPD data collected at room temperature. This polytype can be described as a stacking of IrO(6) octahedra along the sequence hchcc. The structure contains chains of double dimer units of face-sharing octahedra; the twin dimers are connected to single layers of vertex-sharing octahedra, forming infinite chains along c. This is a unique stacking that, with this repetition length, has never been described before among the hexagonal polytypes of ABO(3) perovskites. The 5H polytype is stable in a narrow pressure range; at 5 GPa the 6H structure is formed, stable up to 10 GPa. The 6H-BaIrO(3) polytype is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a = 5.7483(2) A, b = 9.9390(3) A, c = 14.3582(5) A, beta = 91.319(2) degrees . The structure consists of dimers of face-sharing octahedra separated by single corner-sharing octahedra, showing the sequence hcchcc along the c-axis. At 10 GPa the cubic 3C perovskite structure could be identified as a minority phase, with a = 4.0611(7) A, defined in the Pm3m space group. The precarious stability of the 5H polytype, as well as the novel pressure sequence displayed by BaIrO(3) that is distinct from the classical sequence 9R-4H-6H-3C exhibited by many transition metal oxides, for instance BaRuO(3), is a result of the particular stability of the "9R" ambient-pressure structure, which is reinforced by a strong Ir-Ir bond across the octahedral faces, and the Ir-Ir Coulombic repulsion across shared faces that destabilizes the 4H polytype relative to the 6H phase to allow stabilization of the hybrid 5H polytype in a narrow presure range.
Fourier-transform method of phase-shift determination (2001)

A new phase-shifting interferometry analysis technique has been developed to overcome the errors introduced by nonlinear, irregular, or unknown phase-step increments. In the presence of a spatial carrier frequency, by observation of the phase of the first-order maximum in the Fourier domain, the global phase-step positions can be measured, phase-shifting elements can be calibrated, and the accuracy of phase-shifting analysis can be improved. Furthermore, reliance on the calibration accuracy of transducers used in phase-shifting interferometry can be reduced; and phase-retrieval errors (e.g., fringe print-through) introduced by uncalibrated fluctuations in the phase-shifting phase increments can be alleviated. The method operates deterministically and does not rely on iterative global error minimization. Relative to other techniques, the number of recorded interferograms required for analysis can be reduced.
Corrigendum: The Polyphenol Pterostilbene Ameliorates the Myopathic Phenotype of Collagen VI Deficient Mice via Autophagy Induction (2021)

Corrigendum: THE POLYPHENOL PTEROSTILBENE AMELIORATES THE MYOPATHIC PHENOTYPE OF COLLAGEN VI DEFICIENT MICE VIA AUTOPHAGY INDUCTION Samuele Metti1†, Lisa Gambarotto1†, Martina Chrisam1, Martina La Spina2, Martina Baraldo2, Paola Braghetta1, Bert Blaauw2,3 and Paolo Bonaldo1,4* 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy 3 Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy 4 CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy* Correspondence: bonaldo@bio.unipd.itKeywords: Skeletal muscle, Autophagy, Muscle remodeling, Congenital muscular dystrophies, Nutraceutical, Collagen VI.Corrigendum on: Metti S, Gambarotto L, Chrisam M, Baraldo M, Braghetta P, Blaauw B and Bonaldo P (2020) The Polyphenol Pterostilbene Ameliorates the Myopathic Phenotype of Collagen VI Deficient Mice via Autophagy Induction. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:580933. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580933 Addition of an Author**Martina La Spina** was not included as an author in the published article. The corrected Author Contributions Statement appears below. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.** Martina La Spina contributed to mouse treatments**
Large-area deposition for crystalline silicon on glass modules (2003)

This paper presents the current status of the Crystalline Silicon on Glass (CSG) technology for low-cost photovoltaic modules that is being developed at Pacific Solar. This technology combines the low manufacturing cost of large-area monolithic construction with the established durability of crystalline silicon. The heart of the manufacturing sequence for this technology is the PECVD silicon deposition process. Equipment developed for the flat-panel display industry appears to meet the requirements for this process. A single-chamber KAI-800 system from Unaxis has been installed at Pacific Solar that deposits silicon layers onto 0.7-m/sup 2/ sheets of textured glass. Initial results using this equipment are reported, including data for deposition rate, uniformity, manufacturing cost, and the performance of small modules made using material deposited in this system.
Analysis of Uplink Radio Signal Transmission on Millimeter-Wave-Over-Fiber Systems (2013)

The performance of an uplink radio signal on millimeter-wave-over-fiber using RF self-homodyned is numerically analyzed. The maximum wireless distance is derived considering the effects of fading in wireless channel and noise, distortion in radio-over-fiber link.
In Vitro and Ex Vivo Approaches to Evaluate Next-Generation Tobacco and Non-Tobacco Products on Human Blood Platelets (2017)

Human blood platelets are major hemostatic regulators in the circulation and important in the mediation of chronic inflammation and immunomodulation. They are key elements that promote cardiovascular pathogenesis that leads to atherosclerosis, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. New information on tobacco use and platelet dysregulation shows that these highly understudied vascular cells are dysregulated by tobacco smoke. Thus, platelet function studies should be an important consideration for the evaluation of existing and next-generation tobacco and non-tobacco products. Novel <i>in vitro</i> approaches are being sought to investigate these products and their influence on platelet function. Platelets are ideally suited for product assessment, as robust and novel <i>in vitro</i> translational methods are available to assess platelet function. Furthermore, the use of human biological systems has the advantage that risk predictions will better reflect the human condition.
Chip-based multimodal super-resolution microscopy for histological investigations of cryopreserved tissue sections (2022)

Histology involves the observation of structural features in tissues using a microscope. While diffraction-limited optical microscopes are commonly used in histological investigations, their resolving capabilities are insufficient to visualize details at subcellular level. Although a novel set of super-resolution optical microscopy techniques can fulfill the resolution demands in such cases, the system complexity, high operating cost, lack of multi-modality, and low-throughput imaging of these methods limit their wide adoption for histological analysis. In this study, we introduce the photonic chip as a feasible high-throughput microscopy platform for super-resolution imaging of histological samples. Using cryopreserved ultrathin tissue sections of human placenta, mouse kidney, pig heart, and zebrafish eye retina prepared by the Tokuyasu method, we demonstrate diverse imaging capabilities of the photonic chip including total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, intensity fluctuation-based optical nanoscopy, single-molecule localization microscopy, and correlative light-electron microscopy. Our results validate the photonic chip as a feasible imaging platform for tissue sections and pave the way for the adoption of super-resolution high-throughput multimodal analysis of cryopreserved tissue samples both in research and clinical settings.
Baboon envelope LVs efficiently transduced human adult, fetal, and progenitor T cells and corrected SCID-X1 T-cell deficiency (2019)

T cells represent a valuable tool for treating cancers and infectious and inherited diseases; however, they are mainly short-lived in vivo. T-cell therapies would strongly benefit from gene transfer into long-lived persisting naive T cells or T-cell progenitors. Here we demonstrate that baboon envelope glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vectors (BaEV-LVs) far outperformed other LV pseudotypes for transduction of naive adult and fetal interleukin-7-stimulated T cells. Remarkably, BaEV-LVs efficiently transduced thymocytes and T-cell progenitors generated by culture of CD34<sup>+</sup> cells on Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4). Upon NOD/SCIDγC<sup>-/-</sup> engraftment, high transduction levels (80%-90%) were maintained in all T-cell subpopulations. Moreover, T-cell lineage reconstitution was accelerated in NOD/SCIDγC<sup>-/-</sup> recipients after T-cell progenitor injection compared with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, γC-encoding BaEV-LVs very efficiently transduced Dll4-generated T-cell precursors from a patient with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1), which fully rescued T-cell development in vitro. These results indicate that BaEV-LVs are valuable tools for the genetic modification of naive T cells, which are important targets for gene therapy. Moreover, they allowed for the generation of gene-corrected T-cell progenitors that rescued SCID-X1 T-cell development in vitro. Ultimately, the coinjection of LV-corrected T-cell progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells might accelerate T-cell reconstitution in immunodeficient patients.
The Dynamic Influence of Crystal Orientation on a Second Generation Single Crystal Material for Turbine Buckets (2009)

High cycle fatigue is a factor that influence gas turbine buckets lifetime and it’s due to high frequency vibrations during service. Rotation and fluid flow around the blades cause static and dynamic stresses on the buckets row. For this reason the natural frequencies and HCF resistance evaluation are fundamental in the design phase of gas turbine engines in order to avoid resonance problems during service. Single crystal and directionally solidified superalloys shows anisotropic material properties, in particular single crystal can be modeled as orthotropic material in lattice directions for FEM simulations purposes. In this paper the influence of the lattice growth orientation, identified by two angles, on the natural frequencies of first stage bucket has been investigated. Six-sigma analysis has been performed in order to obtain a transfer function between lattice orientation and bucket vibration. The Design of Experiment (DoE) has been performed using FEA modal results on ten different vibration modes. The results obtained by FEA are verified by an experimental test on the real Heavy Duty MS5002 buckets.
Use of the Escape™ Nitinol Stone Retrieval Basket Facilitates Fragmentation and Extraction of Ureteral and Renal Calculi: A Pilot Study (2008)

The Escape basket appears to be safe and effective in preventing stone migration and facilitating ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy and stone extraction.
Choosing the Cluster to Split in Bisecting Divisive Clustering Algorithms (2000)

This paper deals with the problem of clustering a data-set. In particular, the bisecting divisive approach is here considered. This approach can be naturally divided into two sub-problems: the problem of choosing which cluster must be divided, and the problem of splitting the selected cluster. The focus here is on the first problem. The contribution of this work is to propose a new simple technique for the selection of the cluster to split. This technique is based upon the shape of the cluster. This result is presented with reference to two specific splitting algorithms: the celebrated bisecting K-means algorithm, and the recently proposed Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning (PDDP) algorithm. The problem of evaluating the quality of a partition is also discussed. Keywords. Unsupervised clustering; cluster selection; quality of clusters; K-means; Principal Direction Divisive Partitioning. 1.
Changes in Nuclear Shape and Gene Expression in Response to Simulated Microgravity Are LINC Complex-Dependent (2020)

Microgravity is known to affect the organization of the cytoskeleton, cell and nuclear morphology and to elicit differential expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton, focal adhesions and the extracellular matrix. Although the nucleus is mechanically connected to the cytoskeleton through the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, the role of this group of proteins in these responses to microgravity has yet to be defined. In our study, we used a simulated microgravity device, a 3-D clinostat (Gravite), to investigate whether the LINC complex mediates cellular responses to the simulated microgravity environment. We show that nuclear shape and differential gene expression are both responsive to simulated microgravity in a LINC-dependent manner and that this response changes with the duration of exposure to simulated microgravity. These LINC-dependent genes likely represent elements normally regulated by the mechanical forces imposed by gravity on Earth.
Searching XML documents via XML fragments (2003)

Most of the work on XML query and search has stemmed from the publishing and database communities, mostly for the needs of business applications. Recently, the Information Retrieval community began investigating the XML search issue to answer information discovery needs. Following this trend, we present here an approach where information needs can be expressed in an approximate manner as pieces of XML documents or "XML fragments" of the same nature as the documents that are being searched. We present an extension of the vector space model for searching XML collections via XML fragments and ranking results by relevance. We describe how we have extended a full-text search engine to comply with this model. The value of the proposed method is demonstrated by the relative high precision of our system, which was among the top performers in the recent INEX workshop. Our results indicate that certain queries are more appropriate than others for the extended vector space model. Specifically, queries with relatively specific contexts but vague information needs are best situated to reap the benefit of this model. Finally our results show that one method may not fit all types of queries and that it could be worthwhile to use different solutions for different applications.
Selective central activation of somatostatin receptor 2 increases food intake, grooming behavior and rectal temperature in rats. (2010)

The consequences of selective activation of brain somatostatin receptor-2 (sst2) were assessed using the sst2 agonist, des-AA(1,4-6,11-13)-[DPhe(2),Aph7(Cbm),DTrp(8)]-Cbm-SST-Thr-NH2. Food intake (FI) was monitored in ad libitum fed rats chronically implanted with an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula. The sst(2) agonist injected i.c.v. at 0.1 and 1 microg/rat dose-dependently increased light phase FI from 2 to 6 hours post injection (2.3+/-0.5 and 7.5+/-1.2 respectively vs. vehicle: 0.2+/-0.2 g/300 g bw, P<0.001). Peptide action was reversed by i.c.v. injection of the sst2 antagonist, des-AA(1,4-6,11-13)-[pNO(2)-Phe(2),DCys(3),Tyr(7),DAph(Cbm)8]-SST-2Nal-NH(2) and not reproduced by intraperitoneal injection (30 microg/rat). The sst(2) antagonist alone i.c.v. significantly decreased the cumulative 14-hours dark phase FI by 29.5%. Other behaviors, namely grooming, drinking and locomotor activity were also increased by the sst(2) agonist (1 microg/rat, i.c.v.) as monitored during the 2(nd) hour post injection while gastric emptying of solid food was unaltered. Rectal temperature rose 1 hour after the sst(2) agonist (1 microg/rat, i.c.v.) with a maximal response maintained from 1 to 4 hours post injection. These data show that selective activation of the brain sst(2) receptor induces a feeding response in the light phase not associated with changes in gastric emptying. The food intake reduction following sst(2) receptor blockade suggests a role of this receptor in the orexigenic drive during the dark phase.
A measure of guaranteed availability and its numerical evaluation (1988)

A success (risk) measure of guaranteed availability is proposed. Using a genetic system model, the authors describe the measure and study the effects of the guaranteed level and the observation period on it. Furthermore, they introduce a numerical approach for continuous-time Markov chain models which allows component-level modeling, Coxian failure and repair distributions, time-dependent failure and repair rates and deferred repair and nondeferred repair strategies to be handled. An example of a fault-tolerant database computer system is considered and the measure of guaranteed availability is evaluated for various guaranteed levels and observation periods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Investigation of Control of Residual Stress Induced by CO2Laser-Based Damage Mitigation of Fused Silica Optics (2014)

A CO 2 laser-based annealing technique for the mitigation of damaged sites of fused silica is studied to suppress the residual stress left on the surface. The laser annealing by a linear decrease of the CO 2 laser power effectively reduces the residual stress. The residual stress of mitigated sites is characterized by polarimetry, the reduction of the maximum retardance around the mitigated sites with the exposure time of laser annealing fits a stretched exponential equation, and the maximum retardance with optimal laser annealing is reduced (36 ± 3)% compared to that without laser annealing. The residual stress regions are destructively characterized by introducing damage. The critical size of damage leading to fracture propagation for the mitigated sites without laser annealing is in the range of 120~230 μ m, and the corresponding critical size of damage for the mitigated sites with laser annealing is larger than 600 μ m. According to the relationship between maximum damage size and critical stress, the residual stress without laser annealing is in the range of 28–39 MPa and the residual stress with laser annealing is less than 17 MPa. These results indicate that the CO 2 laser-based annealing technique has a positive effect on the control of residual stress induced by CO 2 laser-based damage mitigation.
On the Long-Term Memory of Deep Recurrent Networks (2017)

A key attribute that drives the unprecedented success of modern Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) on learning tasks which involve sequential data, is their ability to model intricate long-term temporal dependencies. However, a well established measure of RNNs long-term memory capacity is lacking, and thus formal understanding of the effect of depth on their ability to correlate data throughout time is limited. Specifically, existing depth efficiency results on convolutional networks do not suffice in order to account for the success of deep RNNs on data of varying lengths. In order to address this, we introduce a measure of the network's ability to support information flow across time, referred to as the Start-End separation rank, which reflects the distance of the function realized by the recurrent network from modeling no dependency between the beginning and end of the input sequence. We prove that deep recurrent networks support Start-End separation ranks which are combinatorially higher than those supported by their shallow counterparts. Thus, we establish that depth brings forth an overwhelming advantage in the ability of recurrent networks to model long-term dependencies, and provide an exemplar of quantifying this key attribute which may be readily extended to other RNN architectures of interest, e.g. variants of LSTM networks. We obtain our results by considering a class of recurrent networks referred to as Recurrent Arithmetic Circuits, which merge the hidden state with the input via the Multiplicative Integration operation, and empirically demonstrate the discussed phenomena on common RNNs. Finally, we employ the tool of quantum Tensor Networks to gain additional graphic insight regarding the complexity brought forth by depth in recurrent networks.
Silicide-phase evolution and platinum redistribution during silicidation of Ni0.95Pt0.05/Si(100) specimens (2012)

We investigated the temporal evolution of nickel-silicide phase-formation and the simultaneous redistribution of platinum during silicidation of a 10 nm thick Ni0.95Pt0.05 film on a Si(100) substrate. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and atom-probe tomography (APT) measurements were performed on as-deposited films and after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 320 or 420 °C for different times. Observation of the Ni2Si phase in as-deposited films, both with and without platinum alloying, is attributed to surface preparation. RTA at 320 °C for 5 s results in the formation of the low-resistivity NiSi intermetallic phase and nickel-rich phases, Ni2Si and Ni3Si2, as demonstrated by GIXRD measurements. At 420 °C for 5 s, the NiSi phase grows outward from the silicide/Si(100) interface by consuming the nickel-rich silicide phases. On increasing the annealing time at 420 °C to 30 min, this reaction is driven towards completion. The nickel-silicide/silicon interface is reconstructed in three-dimensions employing APT and its chemical root-mean-square roughness, based on a silicon isoconcentration surface, decreases to 0.6 nm with the formation of the NiSi phase during silicidation. Pt redistribution is affected by the simultaneous reaction between Ni and Si during silicidation, and it influences the resulting microstructure and thermal stability of the NiSi phase. Short-circuit diffusion of Pt via grain boundaries in NiSi is observed, which affects the resultant grain size, morphology, and possibly the preferred orientation of the NiSi grains. Pt segregates at the NiSi/Si(100) heterophase interface and may be responsible for the morphological stabilization of NiSi against agglomeration to temperatures greater than 650 °C. The Gibbsian interfacial excess of Pt at the NiSi/Si(100) interface after RTA at 420 °C for 5 s is 1.2 ± 0.01 atoms nm−2 and then increases to 2.1 ± 0.02 atoms nm−2 after 30 min at 420 °C, corresponding to a decrease in the interfacial free energy of 7.1 mJ m−2.