gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid ventilation: Gas exchange, perfluorochemical uptake, and biodistribution in an acute lung injury (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Compare the physiologic, histologic, and biochemical findings of tidal and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with gas ventilated lambs with an acute lung injury. DESIGN: Experimental, prospective randomized controlled study. SETTING: School of medicine, department of physiology. SUBJECTS: Eighteen newborn lambs (</=1 wk old). INTERVENTIONS: Injury was established by using HCl saline lavages. Seven lambs underwent tidal liquid ventilation (TLV), five underwent PLV, and six underwent gas ventilation (GV) for 4 hrs. Measurements: Sequential arterial blood chemistries were performed. Ventilation efficiency index, arterial-alveolar Po(2), and physiologic shunt were calculated. Blood and tissue were analyzed for perfluorochemical fluid. Histologic examinations of lungs were performed. MAIN RESULTS: TLV oxygenation was significantly better (p <.001) than PLV and GV. Paco(2) was similar in all three groups. Ventilation efficiency index was significantly better (p <.01) in the TLV group as compared with the PLV and GV groups. Physiologic shunt was significantly less in the TLV injury group (p <.01) than the PLV and GV groups. Perfluorochemical fluid blood level of 2.3 +/- 0.32 &mgr;g/mL in the PLV group was significantly lower (p <.01) than TLV of 7.8 +/- 0.71 &mgr;g/mL; there was a difference (p <.01) as function of time in the TLV and no difference in the PLV injury group. There were no differences in tissue perfluorochemical fluid levels as a function of ventilation ([mean +/- sem] TLV, 219 +/- 26 &mgr;g/g; PLV injury, 184 +/- 26 &mgr;g/g). There was a significant difference in perfluorochemical fluid levels as a function of tissue (p <.001). CONCLUSION: In severe lung injury, this study demonstrates that physiologic gas exchange can be maintained with TLV or PLV. Physiologic shunt was less in the TLV group as compared with PLV or GV. Additionally, perfluorochemical fluid in the blood and tissue is low during PLV and TLV relative to that associated with intravenous administration of perfluorochemical fluid emulsion.
Flexible Backbone Effects on the Redox Properties of Perylene Diimide-Based Polymers (2023)

Organic electrode materials are appealing candidates for a wide range of applications, including heterogeneous electroca-talysis and electrochemical energy storage. However, the narrow understanding of structure-property relationships in these materials hinders the full realization of their potential. Herein, we investigate a family of insoluble, perylene diimide (PDI) polymers to interrogate how backbone flexibility affects their thermodynamic and kinetic redox properties. We verify that the polymers generally access the highest percentage of redox-active groups with K+ (versus Na+ and Li+) due to its small solvation shell/energy and favorable soft-soft interactions with reduced PDI species. Through cyclic voltammetry, we show that increasing polymer flexibility does not minimize barriers to ion-insertion processes but ra-ther increases diffusion-limited processes. Further, we propose that the condensation of imides to iminoimides can trun-cate imide polymer chain growth for certain diamine monomers, leading to greater polymer solubilization and reduced cycling stability. Together, our results provide insight into how polymer flexibility, ion-electrode interactions, and polymerization side reactions dictate the redox properties of PDI polymers, paving the way for the development of next-generation organic electrode materials.
Sliding window coding technique for the variable length modulations (2003)

Variable length modulations such as 17RLL are widely applied to optical and magnetic recording systems. When a data bit sequence is modulated by the variable length rules, a symbol length cannot be decided uniquely. An encoder has to detect a restriction length of input data determined by the modulation rule and then modulates them according to the restriction length. This causes complexity of the encoding algorithm, especially when an additional data bit for the DSV control is inserted. In this paper, we propose a coding technique that enables fixed rate modulation of the variable length modulations by using state dependent modulation tables.
Mutation in CATIP (C2orf62) causes oligoteratoasthenozoospermia by affecting actin dynamics (2020)

This is the first report of a recessive mutation in <i>CATIP</i> in humans. The identified mutation may contribute to asthenozoospermia by its involvement in actin polymerisation and on the actin cytoskeleton. A mouse knockout homozygote for CATIP was reported to demonstrate male infertility as the sole phenotype.
A frequency based determination of the transient inductance and rotor resistance for field commissioning purposes (2002)

The paper presents a deterministic method of estimating the transient inductance and rotor resistance of an induction machine for field commissioning purposes. The parameter values obtained by the method are compared with those for a transient method of commissioning. Skin effects inherent with the transient test are documented. Experimental results for a wide range of machine sizes are included for both methods. The quality of field orientation is established for each method through experimental testing.
Abstract WMP115: Interventional Therapy for Brain AVMs Before and After ARUBA (2016)

Introduction: The ARUBA Trial (2014) concluded that medical management alone is superior to medical management plus interventional therapy in the management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). This sparked considerable controversy among involved healthcare providers. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the publication of ARUBA impacted the volume and type of bAVMs treated in a large tertiary care center. Methods: This was a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of bAVMs treated at Stanford Hospital and Clinics from January 2012 through July 2015. The study period was divided into three phases: the ‘pre-ARUBA phase’, consisting of the 17 months prior to the presentation of ARUBA Trial Results at the XXII European Stroke Conference (ESC) (Jan 1, 2012 - May 31, 2013), the ‘transition phase’, consisting of the 8 months between ESC XXII and the ARUBA publication in Lancet (June 1, 2013 - Feb 15, 2014), and the ‘post-ARUBA phase’, or the 17 months following the Lancet publication (Feb 16, 2014 - July 31, 2015). Results: Thirty patients were treated in the ‘pre-ARUBA phase’ (1.8/month), 23 in the ‘transition phase’ (2.7/month) and 37 in the ‘post-ARUBA phase’ (2.2/month). The percentage of treated bAVMs that were not ruptured at the time of presentation was 40%, 57%, and 46% in these study phases, respectively (chi-square statistic=5.96, p=0.05), and the mean S-M for each phase was 2.6, 3.0 and 2.4, respectively. The percentage of patients undergoing surgery as a component of their treatment regimen was 60% in both the pre- and post-ARUBA phases, whereas the percentage undergoing CyberKnife radiosurgery was 23% and 22%, respectively. There is no difference in the percentage of patients treated with each modality in the pre- and post-ARUBA phases (chi-square statistic=0.41, p=0.94). Conclusions: The volume and type (ruptured vs. unruptured, S-M Grade) of bAVMs treated at one large neurosurgery referral center has been relatively unchanged in the period of time leading up to and following ARUBA. Furthermore, there has been no change in the frequency of the various treatment modalities throughout the period in study. Additional research is necessary to more thoroughly characterize the impact of ARUBA on the treatment patterns of bAVMS.
Oriented Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes–Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanocomposites (2012)

The development of hierarchically ordered inorganic–polymer nanocomposites has traditionally focused on the nucleation of the crystalline, liquid crystalline, or ordered mesophase of the polymer by the inorganic nanoparticle. In this paper, we demonstrate the development of hierarchically ordered nanocomposites of semicrystalline poly(ethylene oxide) and aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes that is predicated on the disruption of the crystalline polymer by the nanoparticles. In lithium dodecyl sulfate compatibilized SWNTs–PEO nanocomposites, the amorphous segments of PEO chain largely surround the surfactant–nanotube adducts. These nanocomposites, when oriented by mechanical stretching, result in a templating of the polymer crystals with their lamellar-normals directed orthogonal to the nanotube axis. Oriented nanotubes, because of the short intertube distances even at low nanotube concentrations, govern the templated PEO crystal lamellae structure. The structures can be reconstructed after repeated heat to melt-hold-isothermal crystallization cycles under quiescent conditions. This observation provides the possibility of developing hierarchical nanocomposites with controlled multifunctional properties whose directionality can easily be manipulated. Specifically for PEO-based nanocomposites, oriented structure is beneficial for their use as solid electrolytes.
Fano resonances in integrated silicon Bragg reflectors for sensing applications (2013)

We investigate theoretically and experimentally Fano resonances in integrated silicon Bragg reflectors. These asymmetric resonances are obtained by interference between light reflected from the Bragg waveguide and from the end facet. The Bragg reflectors were designed and modeled using the 1D transfer matrix method, and they were fabricated in standard silicon wafers using a CMOS-compatible process. The results show that the shape and asymmetry of the Fano resonances depend on the relative phase of the reflected light from the Bragg reflectors and end facet. This phase relationship can be controlled to optimize the lineshapes for sensing applications. Temperature sensing in these integrated Bragg reflectors are experimentally demonstrated with a temperature sensitivity of 77 pm/°C based on the thermo-optic effect of silicon.
Designing polymer crystallinity: An industrial perspective (2018)

More than 50% of the thermoplastic polymers applied globally are semi-crystalline, making crystallization part of the material and component design process for these materials. The mechanical and optical performance, but also the long-term stability of the final articles and applications will depend upon three major groups of influence factors: Polymer structure and monomer composition, additive addition (especially nucleation) and blending with secondary components, and processing parameters. In the present review, we try to establish a connection between these three areas, the resulting combination of crystallinity and morphology, and the final application properties. Examples are drawn from the two major polyolefins, polyethylene and polypropylene, technical polymers like polyamide and polyester, but also polymers from renewable sources like poly(lactic acid).
3. Phase 3 Pivotal Evaluation of 20-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV20) Safety, Tolerability, and Immunologic Noninferiority in Participants 18 Years and Older (2020)

Abstract Background PCV20 contains the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) components, and 7 additional conjugates (for serotypes 8, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 22F, and 33F), extending pneumococcal serotype coverage. Key data from the pivotal Phase 3 evaluation of PCV20 in adults are presented. Methods Adults naïve to pneumococcal vaccination were enrolled into 3 age cohorts (≥60, 50–59, and 18–49 years of age). Participants ≥60 years received either PCV20 and saline 1 month later, or PCV13 and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23) 1 month later (1:1 randomization, double blind). Participants 50–59 and 18–49 years received either a dose of PCV20 or PCV13 (3:1 randomization, double blind). Tolerability, safety and immunogenicity (opsonophagocytic activity [OPA] responses) were assessed. Results 3889 participants received vaccine. 1507 and 1490 participants ≥60 years received PCV20 or control respectively. All 20 vaccine serotypes induced robust responses and OPA geometric mean titers (GMTs) to all 13 matched serotypes were noninferior to PCV13. In addition, the OPA GMTs to 6 of the 7 additional serotypes 1 month after PCV20 were noninferior compared to the same serotypes in PPSV23. The OPA GMT of serotype 8 missed noninferiority by a very narrow margin (2-sided 95% lower bound of GMT ratio [20vPnC/PPSV23] was 0.49, with noninferiority criterion of &amp;gt;0.5); this is unlikely to be clinically significant given the high geometric mean fold rise of OPA titers after PCV20 (22-fold above baseline). GMTs after PCV20 in each of the younger age cohorts (18–49 years, 50–59 years) were noninferior to adults 60–64 years. The tolerability and safety profile of PCV20 was similar to PCV13. Conclusion Based on the robust immune responses and comparability to licensed pneumococcal vaccines, as well as bridging to the younger age group, these data support that PCV20 will be protective against pneumococcal disease due to the 20 serotypes in adults. Disclosures Charu Sabharwal, MD, MPH, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Xia Xu, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Vani Sundaraiyer, PhD, MS, Pfizer (Independent Contractor) Yahong Peng, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Lisa Moyer, BS, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Michael W. Pride, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Ingrid L. Scully, PhD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Kathrin U. Jansen, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel Scott, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Wendy Watson, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder)
Molecular Probes for Imaging Fibrosis and Fibrogenesis (2018)

Fibrosis, or the accumulation of extracellular matrix molecules that make up scar tissue, is a common result of chronic tissue injury. Advances in the clinical management of fibrotic diseases have been hampered by the low sensitivity and specificity of noninvasive early diagnostic options, lack of surrogate end points for use in clinical trials, and a paucity of noninvasive tools to assess fibrotic disease activity longitudinally. Hence, the development of new methods to image fibrosis and fibrogenesis is a large unmet clinical need. Herein, an overview of recent and selected molecular probes for imaging of fibrosis and fibrogenesis by magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography is provided.
Pronounced Effect of Antibacterial Bioactive Dental Composite on Microcosm Biofilms Derived From Patients With Root Carious Lesions (2020)

Resin composites are the material of choice for dental restorative treatment in oral health care. However, the inherent composition of this class of material commonly results in microbial adherence and colonization, which carries the potential risk of recurrent carious lesions around dental restorations. The high risk of resin composites failure complicates the treatment of root caries, defined as the onset of tooth decay over the prone root surface of a tooth. The restorative treatment of root caries among high caries risk individuals, especially for senior patients, is a challenging, painful, and costly. The dysbiotic microbiota colonizes the composite’s surfaces and forms polymicrobial biofilms that are difficult to be dislodged by regular tooth brushing. This study assesses the antibiofilm performance of a surface contact killing antibacterial dental resin composites on the growth of microcosm biofilms using dental plaque sampled from patients with active root carious lesions as an inoculum. The designed formulations contain dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), a tailored quaternary ammonium monomer with an alkyl chain length of 16, at 3–5 wt.% in a base resin with and without 20 wt.% nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). Biofilms were grown on the tested resin composites using a 48 h plaque-derived microcosm biofilm model. Dental plaque collected from active root carious lesions was used as an inoculum to emulate the microbiota present in those lesions. The biofilm growth was assessed via the colony-forming unit (CFU) counts in four culture media, metabolic behavior, lactic acid production, and confocal microscopy. The percentage of reacted double bonds of the formulations was also investigated. The dental resin composites formulated with 3–5 wt.% DMAHDM and 20 wt.% NACP were effective at eradicating surface-attached biofilms from the total microbial load and each relevant cariogenic group: total streptococci , mutans streptococci, and lactobacilli. The metabolic activities and lactic acid production of the plaque-derived microcosm biofilms were reduced by 80–95%, respectively. Fewer viable microorganisms were observed over resin composites containing DMAHDM and NACP. Besides, all the experimental formulations demonstrated an acceptable degree of conversion values. This new strategy fits with ongoing dental caries preventive and minimally invasive approaches by preventing biofilm growth over-restored carious root lesions and improving the lifespan of dental restorations.
Two-photon coherence and symmetry of χ(3) in semiconductors (1993)

The polarization dependence of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in semiconductors provides information about the symmetry of the optically coupled states. Extracting this information, however, requires a realistic and general theoretical model that includes the frequency dispersion as well as the polarization dependence of the bound-electronic χ(3).
Energy Efficiency and Air Quality Considerations in Airside Economized Data Centers (2015)

Many data center operators are considering the option to convert from mechanical to free air cooling to improve energy efficiency. The main advantage of free air cooling is the elimination of chiller and Air Conditioning Unit operation when outdoor temperature falls below the data center temperature setpoint. Accidental introduction of gaseous pollutants in the data center along the fresh air and potential latency in response of control infrastructure to extreme events are some of the main concerns for adopting outside air cooling in data centers. Recent developments of ultra-high sensitivity corrosion sensors enable the real time monitoring of air quality and thus allow a better understanding of how airflow, relative humidity, and temperature fluctuations affect corrosion rates. Both the sensitivity of sensors and wireless networks ability to detect and react rapidly to any contamination event make them reliable tools to prevent corrosion related failures. A feasibility study is presented for eight legacy data centers that are evaluated to implement free air cooling.
Robust nuclear hyperpolarization driven by strongly coupled nitrogen vacancy centers (2021)

Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are widely used in the natural sciences but they lack sensitivity. Therefore, large sample volumes or long measurement times are necessary. In this work, we investigate the polarization of bulk 13C nuclei in a diamond above the thermal equilibrium at room temperature. Previously studied mechanisms utilize direct coupling to nitrogen vacancy centers or the additional assistance of substitutional nitrogen impurities for this purpose. We exploit strongly coupled nitrogen vacancy centers as polarization sources. We study two approaches to transfer the optically induced polarization of the electron spins of the nitrogen vacancy centers to nearby nuclear spins. First, the electron-nuclear polarization transfer is achieved by energy matching conditions or, second, by magnetic field sweeps inducing Landau–Zener-like transitions. Simulations according to a quantum mechanical system consisting of two coupled nitrogen vacancy centers and a weakly coupled 13C spin show an excellent agreement with the experimental data. Both approaches allow a reduction of the measurement time by roughly three orders of magnitude.
Human-Induced Effects on RSS Ranging Measurements for Cooperative Positioning (2012)

We present experimental evaluations of human-induced perturbations on received-signal-strength-(RSS-) based ranging measurements for cooperative mobile positioning. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to gain insight and understand the impact of both body loss and hand grip on the RSS for enhancing proximity measurements among neighbouring devices in cooperative scenarios. Our main contribution is represented by experimental investigations. Analysis of the errors introduced in the distance estimation using path-loss-based methods has been carried out. Moreover, the exploitation of human-induced perturbations for enhancing the final positioning accuracy through cooperative schemes has been assessed. It has been proved that the effect of cooperation is very limited if human factors are not taken into account when performing experimental activities.
Measured Constitutive Behavior of Several Compositions of PZT (1999)

Abstract PZT is often used as an actuator material. The actuation properties are dependent on several factors including composition, grain size, and processing; as well as on loading and load history. The effect of grain size and composition on the hysteresis behavior of PZT was experimentally characterized. The results show the effects of preload stress and temperature on the actuation capability of this class of materials.
Adjustable Bandwidth Concept (ABC) Performance Evaluation (2003)

Abstract : Foundational work is presented regarding the objective performance analysis of the Adjustable Bandwidth Concept (ABC) Signal Energy Detector, U.S. Patent 5,257,211. The ABC pre-detection process is an effective method of combining time and frequency domain averaging to enhance the automated spectral survey task.
Ser72Pro active-site disease mutation in human lysosomal aspartylglucosaminidase: abnormal intracellular processing and evidence for extracellular activation (1996)

Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient activity of aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA). We report here a T214C mutation leading to a Ser72Pro substitution in four Arab families. This is the first naturally occurring AGU mutation involving an active-site amino acid of this recently crystallized hydrolase and it seems to represent the second most common AGU mutation worldwide. The intracellular consequences of the Ser72Pro mutation were analyzed by transient expression in COS-1 cells and we were able to demonstrate that this active-site mutation most probably does not destroy the enzyme activity per se, but specifically prevents the proteolytic activation cleavage of AGA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The mutant enzyme is, however, folded correctly enough to allow mannose-6-phosphorylation and targeting to lysosomes. The overexpressed mutant enzyme remained inactive intracellularly, but the secreted mutant precursor was proteolytically activated extracellularly, resulting in a similar subunit composition to that in the wild-type AGA in the ER. The partially activated mutant enzyme was endocytosed further by the recipient cells. These data demonstrate that the proteolytic activation of AGA can also occur extracellularly and suggest that the driving mechanism of AGA precursor cleavage is autocatalytic.