gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of properties of YAG (Ce) ceramic crystal scintillators (2005)

We measured basic properties of three ceramic Y/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (YAG) scintillators doped with Ce to a concentration of 0.5, 0.05, and 0.005 mol%, in comparison with a single YAG scintillator unknown amount of Ce doping. First, transparency and emission spectrum were investigated. We confirmed that the transparency of the ceramics is comparable to that of the single one (/spl sim/80%) in wavelengths in longer than /spl sim/500 nm. The ceramics did not show an indication of lattice defects which is present in the single YAG. Then the response to /spl gamma/-rays was studied using a phototube as a scintillation light detector. The 0.5 mol% exhibited the highest light yield (/spl sim/40% of CsI), with an energy resolution of about 7.2% at /sup 137/Cs 662 keV photoabsorption peak. The optimum Ce concentration for a /spl sim/2 mm thick ceramic YAG was determined to be /spl sim/0.1 mol%. Using the delayed coincidence method, the principal time constant of the ceramic YAGs was measured as /spl sim/80 ns. By irradiating 5.49 MeV /spl alpha/-particles, the /spl alpha/-ray to /spl gamma/-ray light yield ratio of the ceramic YAGs was found to depend negatively on the amount of Ce; namely, 0.28, 0.20, and 0.13 in the decreasing order of the concentration. The 200-1000 keV intrinsic background of the 0.5 mol% ceramic was /spl sim/10/sup -5/ counts/s/cm/sup 3/, indicating that it is not significantly contaminated by radioactive impurities.
Label-free incoherent super-resolution optical microscopy (2023)

The photo-kinetics of fluorescent molecules have enabled the circumvention of far-field optical diffraction-limit. Despite its enormous potential, the necessity to label the sample may adversely influence the delicate biology under investigation. Thus, continued development efforts are needed to surpass the far-field label-free diffraction barrier. The coherence of the detected light in label-free mode hinders the application of existing super-resolution methods based on incoherent fluorescence imaging. In this article, we present the physics and propose a methodology to circumvent this challenge by exploiting the photoluminescence of silicon nitride waveguides for near-field illumination of unlabeled samples. The technique is abbreviated EPSLON, Evanescently decaying Photoluminescence Scattering enables Label-free Optical Nanoscopy. We demonstrate that such an illumination has properties that mimic the photo-kinetics of nano-sized fluorescent molecules. This allows for developing a label-free incoherent system that is linear in intensity, and stable with time thereby permitting the application of techniques like structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and intensity-fluctuation-based optical nanoscopy (IFON) in label-free mode to circumvent the diffraction limit.
TLS Client Authentication via DANE TLSA records (2017)

The DANE TLSA protocol [RFC6698] [RFC7671] describes how to publish
Transport Layer Security (TLS) server certificates or public keys in
the DNS. This document updates RFC 6698 and RFC 7671. It describes how
to additionally use the TLSA record to publish client certificates or
public keys, and also the rules and considerations for using them with
TLS.
Prophylactic antibiotics or G-CSF for the prevention of infections and improvement of survival in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (2009)

There is no evidence for or against antibiotics compared to G(M)-CSFs for the prevention of infections in cancer patients.
Human Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells (hAFSCs) Improve Renal Function in a Rodent Model of Ischemia‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) (2015)

Background The occurrence of AKI in the US continues to grow and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Recent reports indicate stem cell therapy improves renal dysfunction in rodent models of chemically-induced AKI. The intent of this study was to assess whether hAFSCs could be used as an effective therapy for ischemia-induced AKI. Methods: AKI was induced via 1hr bilateral renal ischemia in 3mo, male, nude rats. After ischemia, kidney reperfusion was confirmed for 20min followed by injection of either saline (saline, 0.05ml) or hAFSC (cell, 1.25x106 cells/pole) into the upper and lower pole of both kidneys. The surgical incision was closed immediately after saline/cell injection and rats were closely monitored during recovery. Serum creatinine (sCR) was measured 24hr prior to injection (B) and for 7 days post cell/saline injection (d1-d7). The effect of cell therapy on renal and glomerular structure/integrity, SOD and Caspase-3 expression was evaluated histologically. Serum and histological assessments were compared to age-matched control rats (AMC). Results: When compared to saline treated rats, hAFSCs treatment significantly improved sCr (see figure, p<0.05), glomerular integrity (P<0.05), and attenuated SOD1 and Caspase-3 expression (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusion These data demonstrate AFSCs have the potential to be used as a therapeutic option for ischemia-induced AKI.
Patency of the ductus arteriosus after balloon dilatation: an experimental study. (1983)

Balloon dilatation of the ductus arteriosus was carried out in vivo in newborn pigs and on postmortem specimens from humans and piglets. The ductus was functionally closed in all newborn animals but patency resulted in all animals after balloon dilatation. Left-to-right shunts of 50% to 70% were found with anatomic lumen sizes of 3 to 5 mm. Patency was demonstrated up to 6 weeks after dilatation. Histologic examination showed splitting of the internal elastic layer and media, areas of hemorrhage confined to the media, and preservation of the adventitia. Mediastinal hemorrhage did not occur. This new technique is useful as an animal model of patent ductus arteriosus and could theoretically be used for palliative treatment of ductus-dependent congenital heart disease.
Controlling the visible-light driven photocatalytic activity of alloyed ZnSe–AgInSe2 quantum dots for hydrogen production (2020)

Alloyed ZnSe–AgInSe<sub>2</sub> quantum dots were used as a photocatalyst for H<sub>2</sub> production, showing an apparent quantum yield of 3.4% at 600 nm.
Experimental and theoretical confirmation of Bloch-mode light propagation in planar photonic crystal waveguides (2002)

The dispersion diagram of the leaky modes in the planar photonic crystal waveguide is experimentally obtained for the wavelengths from 1440 to 1590 nm. A small stop band, around wavelength 1500 nm, is detected. The experimentally obtained results are in very good agreement with our three-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations. Propagation losses of the leaky modes are estimated and we have found that they decrease as we approach the ministop band.
Inverted Index Support for Numeric Search (2006)

Today's search engines are increasingly required to broaden their capabilities beyond free-text search. More complex features, such as supporting range constraints over numeric data, are becoming common; structured search over XML data will soon follow. This is particularly true in the enterprise search domain, where engines attempt to integrate data from the web and corporate knowledge portals with data residing in proprietary databases. In this paper we extend previous schemes by which an inverted-index-based search engine can efficiently support queries that contain numeric restrictions in addition to standard, free-text portions. Furthermore, we analyze both the known schemes and our extensions in terms of index-build time, index space, and query processing time. We show how to maximize query processing performance while respecting limits on index size and build time, or conversely, how to minimize index space and build time while maintaining guarantees on runtime performance. Thus, we concisely analyze the trade-off between index size and build time, and runtime performance. Finally, we present experimental results that demonstrate significant performance benefits attained by our method, as compared to alternative approaches.
Single step epitaxial growth of Ge-on-Si for active photonic devices (2011)

Germanium for integrated photonic devices has been grown selectively on Si, using a single step epitaxial process, eliminating the standard highly dislocated Ge or SiGe buffer layer to accommodate the Ge-Si lattice mismatch.
Differential Properties of Astrocyte Calcium Waves Mediated by P2Y1 and P2Y2 Receptors (2003)

Intercellular spread of Ca2+ waves is the primary manifestation of cell-to-cell communication among astrocytes. Ca2+ waves propagate via the release of a diffusible extracellular messenger that has been identified as ATP. In dorsal spinal astrocytes, Ca2+ waves are mediated by activation of two functionally distinct subtypes of metabotropic purinoceptor: the P2Y1 receptor and a receptor previously classified as P2U. Here, we show that the P2U receptor is molecularly and pharmacologically identical to the cloned P2Y2 receptor. Both P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors are necessary for full Ca2+ wave propagation in spinal astrocytes. Conversely, heterologous expression of either P2Y1 or P2Y2 receptors is sufficient for Ca2+ waves, and expressing these receptor subtypes together recapitulates the characteristics of Ca2+ waves in spinal astrocytes. Thus, P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors are both necessary and sufficient for propagation of Ca2+ waves. Furthermore, we demonstrate that there are dramatic differences in the characteristics of Ca2+ waves propagating through each receptor subtype: Ca2+ waves propagating via P2Y2 receptors travel faster and further than those propagating via P2Y1 receptors. We find that the nucleotidase apyrase selectively blocks Ca2+ wave propagation through P2Y2 receptors but accelerates Ca2+ waves propagating through P2Y1 receptors. Taking our results together with those from the literature, we suggest that mediation of Ca2+ waves by ATP leading to activation of two subtypes of receptor, P2Y1 and P2Y2, may be a general principle for gliotransmission in the CNS. Thus, processes that alter expression or function of these receptors may control the rate and extent of astrocyte Ca2+ waves.
Involvement of hematopoietic PGD<sub>2</sub> synthase for delayed wound healing in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (2022)

Delayed wound healing is a major problem in patients with diabetes melitus, which significantly impairs their quality of life. Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is a major inflammatory lipid mediator synthesized by hematopoietic PGD2 synthase (HPGDS) from PGH2, a common precursor of all of PGs. In the present study, we investigated the role of PGD2 in cutaneous wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. C57BL/6 mice were injected with 50 mg/kg of STZ intraperitoneally daily for 5 days. Four weeks after the injection of STZ, a full thickness wound was created with an 8-mm diameter biopsy punch on the dorsal of mice showing the hyperglycemia (&gt;300 mg/dL). Wound healing was significantly decelerated in diabetic mice compared with non-diabetic mice. The mRNAs of HPGDS, Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1, COX2, DP1 and DP2 receptors in mouse skin were measured by quantitative PCR. The skin of diabetic mice had significantly increased mRNAs of HPGDS and DP2 receptors as compared with the skin of non-diabetic mice. In addition, there was no significant change in the amount of DP1 receptors mRNA and COX1 mRNA, but the amount of COX2 mRNA tended to increase. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that HPGDS was upregulated in epidermal Langerhans cells of diabetic mice. These results suggest that in hyperglycemic skin, production of PGD2 is increased in Langerhans cell and may be involved in delayed inflammation via DP2 receptors.
Biological Activities of Selected Essential Oils (2007)

The manuscript reviews the broad spectrum of biological activities associated with essential oils. From the analyses of the data it is evident that essential oils could have tremendous application in the therapeutic, food, agrochemical and poultry industries.
GATA-3 Expression in Trophoblastic Tissues (2014)

Immunohistochemical expression of GATA-3 is seen predominantly in non-neoplastic bladder and breast epithelium and their respective carcinomas; however, data on expression in normal and lesional trophoblastic tissues are limited. Immunohistochemical staining for GATA-3 was assessed in a range of normal/lesional trophoblastic tissues and tumors in the differential diagnosis (n=445), including nonmolar products of conceptions/second and third trimester placentas/ectopic pregnancies, hydatidiform moles, placental site nodules, normal/exaggerated implantation sites, choriocarcinomas, epithelioid trophoblastic tumors, placental site trophoblastic tumors, atypical smooth muscle tumors (including leiomyosarcoma), and cervical and pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas. The extent of expression (0 to 4+) and intensity (weak to strong) were recorded. All cases with developing trophoblast/non-neoplastic trophoblastic proliferation and 81% of trophoblastic neoplasms were positive. Of all non-neoplastic trophoblast cell types, expression was observed in cytotrophoblast in 89% of cases, syncytiotrophoblast in 50%, intermediate trophoblast in 100%, and villous trophoblastic columns in 100%. Increasing gestational age was associated with a decrease in extent/intensity of expression in non-neoplastic cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, whereas intermediate trophoblast maintained diffuse and strong expression from early to late gestation (P<0.0001). Eighty-nine percent of normal/exaggerated implantation sites showed 3+ or 4+ expression, whereas staining in 55% of placental site nodules was 1+ or 2+. Staining for GATA-3 was present in 78% of choriocarcinomas, 95% of epithelioid trophoblastic tumors, and 71% of placental site trophoblastic tumors. Although the number of choriocarcinomas and placental site trophoblastic tumors that showed a spectrum of expression ranging from negative to diffuse was relatively evenly distributed, 81% of epithelioid trophoblastic tumors had 3+ or 4+ staining. None of the atypical smooth muscle tumors and 3% of squamous cell carcinomas were positive, all of which exhibited weak staining. We conclude that GATA-3 is frequently expressed in normal and lesional trophoblastic tissues. It is also differentially expressed in intermediate trophoblast and cytotrophoblast/syncytiotrophoblast, which varies according to time during pregnancy. This study expands the spectrum of neoplasms known to express GATA-3. Thus, recognition of expression in trophoblastic tumors is important, because it can present a diagnostic pitfall in the assessment of suspected metastatic bladder or breast carcinomas involving the gynecologic tract. In the evaluation of diagnostically problematic tumors for which trophoblastic neoplasms are in the differential diagnosis, such as leiomyosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma, GATA-3 can be included as part of an immunohistochemical panel particularly when other trophoblastic markers are either not available or yield ambiguous results.
Study of materials effects on the single cutting in ultra-precision raster milling (2018)

Ultra-precision raster milling (UPRM) rotates a single crystal diamond tool to discontinuously remove materials from the workpiece and can directly produce freeform surfaces with sub-micrometric form accuracy and nanometric surface finishing. This paper presents theoretical and experimental investigations on the workpiece material effect on single cutting profile in UPRM. Experiments are conducted to study the material effect on cutting profile by single cutting four materials including copper, aluminium alloy 6061, brass and aluminium bronze under the same cutting conditions in UPRM. A characterisation method is presented in the paper to study the effect of different workpiece material on the cutting profiles in UPRM. The experimental results show that copper alloy makes the smallest effect on the single cutting profile because of the lowest elastic recovery ratio while the material effect of aluminium bronze is the highest due to the highest elastic recovery ratio and the highest hardness.
Local Heating of Discrete Droplets Using Magnetic Porous Silicon-Based Photonic Crystals (2006)

This paper describes a method for local heating of discrete microliter-scale liquid droplets. The droplets are covered with magnetic porous Si microparticles, and heating is achieved by application of an external alternating electromagnetic field. The magnetic porous Si microparticles consist of two layers. The top layer contains a photonic code and it is hydrophobic, with surface-grafted dodecyl moieties. The bottom layer consists of a hydrophilic silicon oxide host layer that is infused with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The amphiphilic microparticles spontaneously align at the interface of a water droplet immersed in mineral oil, allowing manipulation of the droplets by application of a magnetic field. Application of an oscillating magnetic field (338 kHz, 18 A rms current in a coil surrounding the experiment) generates heat in the superparamagnetic particles that can raise the temperature of the enclosed water droplet to >80 degrees C within 5 min. A simple microfluidics application is demonstrated: combining complementary DNA strands contained in separate droplets and then thermally inducing dehybridization of the conjugate. The complementary oligonucleotides were conjugated with the cyanine dye fluorophores Cy3 and Cy5 to quantify the melting/rebinding reaction by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The magnetic porous Si microparticles were prepared as photonic crystals, containing spectral codes that allowed the identification of the droplets by reflectivity spectroscopy. The technique demonstrates the feasibility of tagging, manipulating, and heating small volumes of liquids without the use of conventional microfluidic channel and heating systems.
Dynamics of a Thermoreversible Transition between Cylindrical and Hexagonally Perforated Lamellar Mesophases (2005)

A polystyrene−poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) diblock copolymer, S/EP 7/13, exhibits a thermoreversible mesophase transition between low-temperature hexagonally perforated lamellae (HPL) and high-temperature hexagonally packed cylinders (C). The transformation process is accompanied by a 6% change in the principal spacing, yet oriented specimens retain their macroscopic orientation through the transition. The C → HPL transformation proceeds on a time scale of tens of minutes, at a rate which initially increases rapidly with undercooling relative to the order−order transition temperature. At deep undercoolings, the transformation rate slows due to a reduction in molecular mobility. By contrast, the HPL → C transformation occurs nearly 2 orders of magnitude more rapidly, a difference which is suggested to reflect the nature of the dominant fluctuation modes for the two structures.
Evaluation of local nonlinearity using time reversal acoustic focusing (2008)

Time reversal acoustic focusing can be used for local assessment of nonlinear properties of media [Sarvazyan A., Sutin A. , JASA, 115 (5): 2595 (2004)]. Time Reversal focusing provides high acoustic pressure leading to a nonlinear response localized in space and time. Interaction area of two overlapping focused beams acts as a virtual localized source generating ultrasonic waves with combination frequencies. Measurements of the intensity of this signal allow estimation of the nonlinear parameter in the focal region. The first experiment was conducted in water with spatially varying acoustical nonlinearity produced by a microbubble column or contrast agent Optison. We used two synchronized TRA aluminium reverberators to focus ultrasonic waves with frequencies 660 kHz and 776 kHz. Various parameters such as amplitude and frequency of the primary field, the position and number of emitters, choice of initial excitation (tone burst, binary, shirp-coded) were optimized for the nonlinear signature extraction. The second experiment was conducted in steel samples where surface vibration were measured by laser vibrometer. Excitation frequencies were between 490 kHz and 860 kHz . These experiments show again that amplitude dependence of nonlinear generated components was slightly less than the product of primary component that is predicted by classical nonlinear theory.
Cancer proteomics: many technologies, one goal (2005)

A major goal of the National Cancer Institute is to alleviate patient pain, suffering and death associated with cancer by the year 2015. This goal does not insinuate a cure for cancer, but rather the development of diagnostics and therapeutics that will eventually decrease cancer morbidity and mortality. A part of meeting this goal is to leverage the enormous data-gathering capabilities of proteomic technologies to discover disease-specific biomarkers in serum, plasma, urine, tissues and other biologic samples. The rapid advance in available technologies that have been spurred by the -omics era, has enabled biologic samples to be surveyed for biomarkers in ways never before possible. However, it is not yet clear which specific technologies will be the most successful. Therefore, proteomic laboratories within the National Cancer Institute are taking a multipronged approach to identify disease-specific biomarkers. This review discusses some of these approaches in their context of meeting the National Cancer Institute's 2015 goal.
Management of common bile duct stricture caused by chronic pancreatitis with metal mesh self expandable stents. (1994)

Twenty patients with chronic pancreatitis and signs of biliary obstruction were treated by endoscopic placement of self expandable metal mesh stents, and followed up prospectively. Eleven had been treated previously with plastic endoprostheses. All had persistent cholestasis, seven patients had jaundice, and three overt cholangitis. Endoscopic stent placement was successful in all cases. No early clinical complication was seen and cholestasis, jaundice or cholangitis rapidly resolved in all patients. Mean follow up was 33 months (range 24 to 42) and consisted of clinical evaluation, ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In 18 patients, successive ERCPs and cholangioscopies have shown that the metal mesh initially embeds in the bile duct wall and is rapidly covered by a continuous tissue by three months. The stent lumen remained patent and functional throughout the follow up period except in two patients who developed epithelial hyperplasia within the stent resulting in recurrent biliary obstruction, three and six months after placement. They were treated endoscopically with standard plastic stents with one of these patients ultimately requiring surgical drainage. No patient free of clinical or radiological signs of epithelial hyperplasia after six months developed obstruction later. This new treatment could become an effective alternative to surgical biliary diversion if further controlled follow up studies confirm the initial impression that self expandable metal mesh stents offer a low morbidity alternative for longterm biliary drainage in chronic pancreatitis without the inconvenience associated with plastic stents.
The receptor TREML4 amplifies TLR7-mediated signaling during antiviral responses and autoimmunity (2020)

The genes and pathways that fine-tune TLR7-mediated innate inflammatory responses remain to be fully elucidated. Using an unbiased genome-scale shRNA screen, we identified the receptor TREML4 as an essential positive regulator of TLR7 signaling. Macrophages from Treml4–/– mice were hyporesponsive to TLR7 agonists and failed to produce type I interferon due to impaired phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1 by the MAP kinase p38 and decreased recruitment of MyD88 to TLR7. TREML4 deficiency reduced production of inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies in SLE-prone MRL/lpr mice and inhibited the antiviral immune response to influenza. Our data identify TREML4 as a positive regulator of TLR7 signaling and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that control antiviral immunity and the development of autoimmunity.