gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coding over an erasure channel with a large alphabet size (2008)

An erasure channel with a fixed alphabet size q, where q Gt 1, is studied. It is proved that over any erasure channel (with or without memory), <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">maximum</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">distance</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">separable</i> (MDS) codes achieve the minimum probability of error (assuming maximum likelihood decoding). Assuming a memoryless erasure channel, the error exponent of MDS codes are compared with that of random codes. It is shown that the envelopes of these two exponents are identical for rates above the critical rate. Noting the optimality of MDS codes, it is concluded that random coding is exponentially optimal as long as the block size N satisfies N < q + 1.
Synthesis-for-testability using transformations (1995)

We address the problem of transforming a behavioral specification so that synthesis of a testable implementation from the new specification requires significantly less area and partial scan cost than synthesis from the original specification. A two-stage objective function, that estimates the area and testability of the final implementation, and also captures enabling effects of the transformations, is developed. Optimization is done using a new randomized branch and bound steepest descent algorithm. Application of the transformation algorithm on several examples demonstrates significant simultaneous improvement in both area and testability of the final implementations.
Intraovarian Thrombin and Activated Protein C Signaling System Regulates Steroidogenesis during the Periovulatory Period (2011)

In addition to its role in blood coagulation, thrombin directly stimulates protease-activated receptors (PAR) or interacts with thrombomodulin (THBD) to activate membrane-bound protein C which stimulates PAR1 and PAR4 receptors to promote downstream pleiotropic effects. Our DNA microarray, RT-PCR, and immunostaining analyses demonstrated ovarian expression of THBD, activated protein C (APC) receptor [endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)], as well as PAR1 and PAR4 receptors in mice. After treatment of gonadotropin-primed immature mice with an ovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (a LH surrogate), major increases in the expression of THBD, EPCR, PAR1, and PAR4 were detected in granulosa and cumulus cells of preovulatory follicles. Immunoassay analyses demonstrated sustained increases in ovarian prothrombin and APC levels after hCG stimulation. We obtained luteinizing granulosa cells from mice treated sequentially with equine CG and hCG. Treatment of these cells with thrombin or agonists for PAR1 or PAR4 decreased basal and forskolin-induced cAMP biosynthesis and suppressed hCG-stimulated progesterone production. In cultured preovulatory follicles, treatment with hirudin (a thrombin antagonist) and SCH79797 (a PAR1 antagonist) augmented hCG-stimulated progesterone biosynthesis, suggesting a suppressive role of endogenous thrombin in steroidogenesis. Furthermore, intrabursal injection with hirudin or SCH79797 led to ipsilateral increases in ovarian progesterone content. Our findings demonstrated increased ovarian expression of key components of the thrombin-APC-PAR1/4 signaling system after LH/hCG stimulation, and this signaling pathway may allow optimal luteinization of preovulatory follicles. In addition to assessing the role of thrombin and associated genes in progesterone production by the periovulatory ovary, these findings provide a model with which to study molecular mechanisms underlying thrombin-APC-PAR1/4 signaling.
Phase I/II Trial of the Anti-HIV Activity of Mifepristone in HIV-Infected Subjects ACTG 5200 (2010)

Mifepristone at doses of 75-225 mg daily was safe and well-tolerated, but did not show significant anti-HIV activity.
Deoxycytidine Kinase Augments ATM-Mediated DNA Repair and Contributes to Radiation Resistance (2014)

Efficient and adequate generation of deoxyribonucleotides is critical to successful DNA repair. We show that ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) integrates the DNA damage response with DNA metabolism by regulating the salvage of deoxyribonucleosides. Specifically, ATM phosphorylates and activates deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) at serine 74 in response to ionizing radiation (IR). Activation of dCK shifts its substrate specificity toward deoxycytidine, increases intracellular dCTP pools post IR, and enhances the rate of DNA repair. Mutation of a single serine 74 residue has profound effects on murine T and B lymphocyte development, suggesting that post-translational regulation of dCK may be important in maintaining genomic stability during hematopoiesis. Using [(18)F]-FAC, a dCK-specific positron emission tomography (PET) probe, we visualized and quantified dCK activation in tumor xenografts after IR, indicating that dCK activation could serve as a biomarker for ATM function and DNA damage response in vivo. In addition, dCK-deficient leukemia cell lines and murine embryonic fibroblasts exhibited increased sensitivity to IR, indicating that pharmacologic inhibition of dCK may be an effective radiosensitization strategy.
Research Spotlight: Applications of Ultrasound for image-guided Drug Delivery in Cancer Chemotherapy (2013)

Many challenges persist in the field of cancer drug delivery. The field of image-guided drug delivery emerged from the need for accurate in vivo quantification of various pharmacokinetic and therapeutic delivery parameters. Today it continues to be an essential tool in delivery system R&D while providing innovative noninvasive strategies for advancement. This article will focus specifically on the role of ultrasound in this area. Ultrasound provides a novel means by which drugs can be delivered through guided placement of a local delivery device, or through the destruction of ultrasound contrast agents at the target location. The techniques developed by our research group have examined these areas and have also led to a more thorough understanding into the parameters that affect drug release kinetics in vivo from in situ-forming implants. In addition, we have developed a new ultrasound contrast agent capable of extravascular delivery to tumors for improved detection and eventual treatment. Both areas will be discussed in this research spotlight.
A Study of Hardware Complexity for PSSS Systems Based on Real-Valued Spreading Sequences (2021)

This paper investigates chip area, clock frequency, throughput, power consumption, and energy efficiency of real-valued spreading sequences proposed for Parallel Sequence Spread Spectrum (PSSS). On the one hand, real-valued sequences cause significant hardware overhead when compared to the usually employed binary m-sequences. On the other hand, these sequences achieve 2.5 dB better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance in PSSS systems. The experiments performed on the test designs implemented in a 28 nm CMOS technology reveal that the real-valued sequences, up to the length of 17 bits, cause low hardware overhead and allow processing data streams up to 400 Gbps. Longer sequences can break the barrier of 1 Tbps, but this is paid with a large chip area and extremely high power consumption. In the case of a 1 Tbps PSSS system, power dissipation is the main critical parameter in need of optimization.
Valence band structure of Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/ for hole transport calculation (1994)

We have calculated the hole densities of states and the velocities as functions of energy in strained and relaxed p-type Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1/spl minus/x/ layers grown on /spl lang/001/spl rang/ Si substrates. It is shown that the nonparabolic and nonspherical effects are very large in the energy range of (0, 0.2 eV) measured from the heavy hole band edge. Deeper into the valence band, the bands gradually become parabolic and spherical. For most applications, the impurity doping concentration is below 10/sup 20/ cm/sup /spl minus/3/. For 10/sup 20/ cm/sup /spl minus/3/ p-type doped Si, the Fermi level is 77.3 meV at 77 K. It is therefore concluded that the nonparabolic and nonspherical effects must be taken into proper consideration when investigating the transport properties of p-type Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1/spl minus/x/ samples. The calculated data of both relaxed and strained Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1/spl minus/x/ valence band structures are curve fitted and a data library is built up for further study of the hole transport properties. The mobility and the diffusion coefficient are largely affected when the doping concentration is increased. It is found that at high doping concentration the contributions from the light hole and spin split-off bands become very important, they can become even larger than the contribution from the heavy hole band, even if their densities of states are smaller than that of the heavy hole band.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of highly ordered mesoporous hybrid silica from aromatic fluorinated organosilane precursors (2003)

Organo-fluorinated mesoporous MCM-41 type silica presenting a high degree of order has been prepared from co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and pentafluorophenyltriethoxysilane [PFPTES (1)] in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template. Both basic and acidic routes have been explored. In the presence of an excess of water using fluoro-precursor (1), most of the bound fluoro-organic moieties are cleaved, yielding to pentafluorophenyl doped silica. Higher fluorine content silica-based MCM-41 materials were obtained by using 2-pentafluorophenylethyltriethoxysilane [PFPETES (2)] as the organosilane precursor. In that case, the fluoro-containing groups remain covalently bound to the mesoporous inorganic network, yielding materials with potential hydrophobic, adsorbing and optical properties.
Simple size-selective separation and microscopic characterization of Phe–Phe nanotubes and study of its internalization inside CHO cells (2014)

Phe–Phe nanotube internalization in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells is imaged through the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study. Size-selective separation of peptide nanotubes (NTs) is of great value when we think about its application in biocompatible drug delivery. This paper describes a simple size-selective separation protocol for separating Phe–Phe NTs. During the synthesis, it is commonly observed that peptide NTs are formed with a range of sizes in their width and length and hence easy separation techniques of NTs are essential. Removal of the monomers from NTs is also important. Microscopic imaging of peptide NTs is also important in this context and particularly when these are used in the diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Herein, we report a straightforward size-selective separation of peptide NTs by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and imaging the fractions through TEM, confocal, and deconvolution microscopic techniques. Here, we report, for the first time, use of deconvolution fluorescence microscopy to detect NTs. As commonly used photo microscope cannot resolve the images of very small particles (e.g., less than micron scale), electron microscopy is widely used in imaging of NPs. Hence, systematic peptide NTs separation followed by these characterization techniques provides an option to study the internalization of NTs inside cells. Intake of peptide NTs inside cells is promising for their use in drug delivery as well as in imaging study.
High-accuracy user identification using EEG biometrics (2016)

We analyze brain waves acquired through a consumer-grade EEG device to investigate its capabilities for user identification and authentication. First, we show the statistical significance of the P300 component in event-related potential (ERP) data from 14-channel EEGs across 25 subjects. We then apply a variety of machine learning techniques, comparing the user identification performance of various different combinations of a dimensionality reduction technique followed by a classification algorithm. Experimental results show that an identification accuracy of 72% can be achieved using only a single 800 ms ERP epoch. In addition, we demonstrate that the user identification accuracy can be significantly improved to more than 96.7% by joint classification of multiple epochs.
Pro-Inflammatory Derangement of the Immuno-Interactome in Heart Failure (2022)

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a syndrome of heterogeneous etiology associated with multiple co-morbidities. Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of HF. Heterogeneity and lack of data on the immune mechanism(s) contributing to HF may partially underlie the failure of clinical trials targeting inflammatory mediators. We studied the Immunome in HF cohort using mass cytometry and used data-driven systems immunology approach to discover and characterize modulated immune cell subsets from peripheral blood. We showed cytotoxic and inflammatory innate lymphoid and myeloid cells were expanded in HF patients compared to healthy controls. Network analysis showed highly modular and centralized immune cell architecture in healthy control immune cell network. In contrast, the HF immune cell network showed greater inter-cellular communication and less modular structure. Furthermore, we found, as an immune mechanism specific to HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), an increase in inflammatory MAIT and CD4 T cell subsets.
Calibration of a rainfall-runoff model using radar and raingauge data (2005)

Abstract. Since raingauges give pointwise measurements the small scale variability of rainfall fields leads to biases on the estimation for the rainfall over the whole basin. In this context meteorological radars have several advantages since a single site is able to obtain coverage over a wide area with high temporal and spatial resolution. The purpose of this study is to compare the capability of the two different measurement systems in order to give correct input to drive rainfall-runoff models. Therefore a geomorphological model was calibrated, using firstly raingauge data and secondly radar rainfall estimates, for the Treja river basin. In this way it is possible to determine different sets of parameters and the influence of measurement system in hydrological modelling. The results shown that radar rainfall data is able to improve significantly hydrographs reconstructions.
IP MIB for IP Fast-Reroute (2016)

This draft defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.
In particular, it describes managed objects relevant for IP routes
using IP Fast-Reroute [RFC5714]
Guidelines on Managing Under Floor Blockages for Improved Data Center Performance (2006)

Due to the increase in computer rack equipment power in recent years, thermal management of data centers has become a challenging problem. Data center facilities with raised floor plenums are the most popular configuration from a thermal management perspective. Considerable ongoing research efforts focus on optimizing the room layouts and equipment design in order to achieve the desired cooling. However, the detrimental impact of under floor blockages, which occur widely, is seldom addressed. These blockages often take the form of chiller pipes, cabling, and wires. They impede the flow of cold air from the air conditioning units and yield unpredictable air flow patterns. This results in highly maldistributed tile flow rates which can create additional hot spots above the raised floors. In this paper the effect of such under floor blockages on data center performance is characterized in detail. A representative data center is modeled using commercial CFD code, with typical under floor blockages. Blockages are shown to have a significant impact on tile flow rates and rack inlet temperatures. A detailed parametric study is presented, to identify the locations under the floor, where blockages if installed, have minimal effect on data center performance. Case studies are presented to show that blockages, if installed with prior consideration, have a positive effect on overall data center performance. Finally guidelines are presented on how to rearrange existing blockages or to install new blockages, and still achieve an improvement in thermal performance, without any change to the room layout or cold air supply.
The Antigenic Repertoire of Premalignant and High-Risk Lesions (2015)

Prophylactic vaccines have been a major advance in preventing the development of infections after exposure to pathogens. When contemplating an effective approach to cancer prevention, vaccines offer unique advantages over other more standard approaches: First, once appropriately stimulated, antigen-specific T cells will travel to all sites of disease and eradicate cells bearing the proteins to which the T cells have been primed by vaccination. Second, successful immunization will further result in the development of immunologic memory, providing lifelong immunologic surveillance. There is evidence of an adaptive tumor immune infiltrate even at the earliest stages of breast and colon cancer development. Furthermore, there is measurable immunity to lesion-associated antigens present in patients who will eventually develop malignancy even before cancer is clinically evident. Recent studies are beginning to unmask the preinvasive antigenic repertoire for these two malignancies. Preliminary experiments in transgenic mouse models of mammary and intestinal tumors suggest that immunization against antigens expressed in preinvasive and high-risk lesions may be effective in preventing the development of invasive malignancy.
Exploiting orthogonality in DVB-S2X through timing pre-compensation (2016)

The superframing option of the recent DVB-S2X standard specifies, for the so-called SF-Pilot fields, the use of the orthogonal set of Walsh-Hadamard (WH) sequences. In order to exploit this orthogonality, waveforms coming from different beams to the k-th User Terminal (UT) should be quasi perfectly aligned in time. While in the downlink part of a terrestrial system this is quite straightforward, in satellite system, having a satellite as a relay, this is not the case, especially when large baudrates are considered in the transmission. A procedure to compensate for timing misalignment amongst waveforms is here presented and the advantages are quantified through numerical simulations.In particular, Channel State Information (CSI) estimation errors, which are fundamental for precoding techniques, are evaluated. While the focus of the work is on systems which enable precoding techniques, the procedure can be applied in each scenario which uses the superframing structure of DVB-S2X in an interference limited scenario.
Figure S1 from <i>BRCA1</i> Promoter Methylation Is Linked to Defective Homologous Recombination Repair and Elevated <i>miR-155</i> to Disrupt Myeloid Differentiation in Myeloid Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1 shows the percentage of γH2AX- and RAD51- foci positive cells with and without radiation.&lt;/p&gt;
Taipan Natriuretic Peptides Are Potent and Selective Agonists for the Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A (2023)

Cardiovascular ailments are a major cause of mortality where over 1.3 billion people suffer from hypertension leading to heart-disease related deaths. Snake venoms possess a broad repertoire of natriuretic peptides with therapeutic potential for treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, and related cardiovascular disease. We now describe several taipan (<i>Oxyuranus microlepidotus</i>) natriuretic peptides TNPa-e which stimulated cGMP production through the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) with higher potencies for the rat NPR-A (rNPR-A) over human NPR-A (hNPR-A). TNPc and TNPd were the most potent, demonstrating 100- and 560-fold selectivity for rNPR-A over hNPR-A. In vivo studies found that TNPc decreased diastolic and systolic blood pressure (BP) and increased heart rate (HR) in conscious normotensive rabbits, to a level that was similar to that of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP). TNPc also enhanced the bradycardia due to cardiac afferent stimulation (Bezold-Jarisch reflex). This indicated that TNPc possesses the ability to lower blood pressure and facilitate cardiac vagal afferent reflexes but unlike hANP does not produce tachycardia. The 3-dimensional structure of TNPc was well defined within the pharmacophoric disulfide ring, displaying two turn-like regions (RMSD = 1.15 Å). Further, its much greater biological stability together with its selectivity and potency will enhance its usefulness as a biological tool.
Drug treatment of panic disorder: the comparative efficacy of imipramine, alprazolam, and trazodone. (1986)

Data from 74 patients with panic disorder were evaluated to determine the comparative efficacy of imipramine, alprazolam, and trazodone. All patients were treated with placebo for 3 weeks and were then blindly switched to active treatment for 8 weeks. Both imipramine and alprazolam were highly effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety, the frequency of panic attacks, and phobic avoidance. However, the time course of these effects differed; alprazolam demonstrated therapeutic properties during the first week, whereas the therapeutic efficacy of imipramine was not clearly apparent until the fourth week of treatment. Relative to imipramine and alprazolam, trazodone was not an effective treatment for panic disorder and was poorly tolerated; only 17 trazodone-treated patients completed at least 4 weeks of treatment, and only 2 patients were considered good or complete responders. These findings support the hypotheses that drugs that are efficacious in the treatment of panic disorders act by altering noradrenergic function and that drugs with primary actions on serotonin function are likely to be less effective treatments. The different time courses of therapeutic action of imipramine and alprazolam indicate that these drugs ameliorate panic anxiety via different mechanisms. The possible therapeutic applications of this observation are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Pentacarbonyl(methylpyrrolidinocarbene)chromium(0) (I) with Aldehydes: A New Entry to Pentacarbonyl(alkenylpyrrolidinocarbene) chromium(0) (IV). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Designing object-based audio-visual content representation format for mobile devices (2004)

Mobile devices today are able to play increasingly rich multimedia content. While the computing capability of a mobile device is a known quantity, the communications capabilities and available battery vary continuously. We propose to use object based content representation to enable content adaptation under low power and/or low bandwidth conditions. We show why the scene description format of MPEG-4 (BIFS) is not suitable for mobile devices and develop basic functionalities of content description formats for mobile devices. We discuss the design principles of a format we are developing, called OCode, that uses non-traditional content representation techniques such as object based representation to enable content adaptation under low bandwidth and battery conditions.