gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurological and MRI profiles of children with developmental language impairment (2000)

Children with developmental language impairment (LI) are defined partly by the absence of other identifiable neurological diagnoses. Such children are generally considered to be neurologically normal, but no systematic studies of neurological function have been reported. We obtained detailed medical histories and conducted neurological examinations for 72 children aged 5 to 14 years with LI and 82 typically developing age‐matched control children. All the children took a standardized test of language, and those who were at least 8 years old and were willing to have brain MRI scans (35 children with LI and 27 control children) had scans. Analysis of developmental milestones from the medical histories revealed that children with LI were not only significantly later in speaking, but also mildly but significantly delayed in motor milestones, particularly walking. On neurological examination, abnormalities were found in 70% of the children with LI and only 22% of the control children. The most common abnormalities in the LI group included obligatory synkinesis, fine motor impairments, and hyperreflexia. The children with LI with the most abnormal neurological findings had the lowest language scores. Finally, 12 of 35 children with LI had abnormalities on their MRI scan, while none of the 27 control children had abnormal scans. Abnormal findings included ventricular enlargement (in five), central volume loss (in three), and white matter abnormalities (in four). These findings suggest that developmental LI is not an isolated finding but is indicative of more widespread nervous system dysfunction. Children with LI may need more comprehensive intervention programs than language therapy alone, depending on their other areas of dysfunction. Early identification of such problems may allow for more successful remediation.
Temperature dependence of electron transfer in coupled quantum wells (2003)

We report on the temperature dependence of electron transfer between coupled quantum wells in a voltage tunable two-color quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP). The detection peak of this QWIP switches from 7.1 μm under positive bias to 8.6 μm under negative bias for temperatures T⩽40 K. For T⩾40 K, the 7.1 μm peak is present under both bias polarities and increases significantly with T while the 8.6 μm peak decreases correspondingly. We determine the temperature dependence of electron densities in the two QWs from the detector absorption spectra that are deduced using corrugated QWIPs and find that electron transfer is efficient only when thermionic emission is not significant.
Stimulation of Polo-Like Kinase 3 mRNA Decay by Tristetraprolin (2009)

Polo-like protein kinase 3 (Plk3) has been proposed to regulate entry into S phase and promote apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. Its mRNA contains three AU-rich elements (AREs) in its 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) that can contribute to the rapid degradation of labile transcripts. We investigated the possibility that tristetraprolin (TTP), a tandem CCCH zinc finger protein, could promote the decay of Plk3 transcripts. TTP is known to stimulate the deadenylation and decay of mRNAs possessing one or more copies of the consensus nonamer motif UUAUUUAUU. In stable mouse fibroblast cell lines derived from wild-type and TTP knockout littermates, the decay of Plk3 transcripts after serum stimulation was slowed in the absence of TTP. The specificity of TTP for promoting the degradation of Plk3 was demonstrated by the unaltered decay of Plk3 mRNA in cell lines deficient in the TTP family members ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2. We also found that the AREs present in the Plk3 transcript were essential for both the binding of TTP to the 3'-UTR and promoting the destruction of target transcripts in cotransfection experiments. The regulation of Plk3 mRNA stability by TTP may influence the control of the cell cycle by this protein kinase.
p53-Mediated Oxidative Stress Enhances Indirubin-3′-Monoxime-induced Apoptosis in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells by Upregulating Death Receptor 5 and TNF-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Expression (2019)

Indirubin-3′-monoxime (I3M) exhibits anti-proliferative activity in various cancer cells; however, its anti-cancer mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. This study revealed that I3M promotes the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in HCT116 p53+/+ cells, resulting in caspase-mediated apoptosis. However, this study demonstrated that HCT116 p53-/- cells are insensitive to I3M-mediated apoptosis, indicating that I3M-induced apoptosis depends on the p53 status of HCT116 cells. Additionally, in HCT116 p53-/- cells, I3M significantly increased Ras expression, while in HCT116 p53+/+ cells, it reduced Ras expression. Furthermore, I3M remarkably increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were reduced in transient p53 knockdown, indicating that I3M-mediated apoptosis is promoted by p53-mediated ROS production. Our results also showed that I3M enhanced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression, resulting in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated DR5 expression, which is upregulated by ROS production in HCT116 p53+/+ cells. Moreover, co-treatment with TRAIL synergistically enhanced I3M-induced DR5 expression, thereby triggering TRAIL-induced apoptosis of HCT116 p53+/+ cells, which was interfered by a DR5-specific blocking chimeric antibody. In summary, I3M potently enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating DR5 expression via p53-mediated ROS production in HCT116 p53+/+ cells. However, HCT116 p53-/- cells were resistant to I3M-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that I3M could be a promising anti-cancer candidate against TRAIL-resistant p53+/+ cancer cells.
Predicting saliency using two contextual priors: The dominant depth and the horizon line (2011)

A computational model of visual attention using visual inferences is proposed. The dominant depth and the horizon line position are inferred from low-level visual features. This prior knowledge helps to find salient areas on still color pictures. Regarding the dominant depth, the idea is to favor the lowest spatial frequencies on close-up scenes whereas the highest spatial frequencies are used to predict salient areas on panoramic view. Some studies showed that the horizon line is a natural attractor of our gaze. Horizon detection is then used to improve the saliency prediction. Results show that the proposed model outperforms existing approaches. However, the dominant depth does not bring any gain in the saliency prediction.
The Set1 N-terminal domain and Swd2 interact with RNA polymerase II CTD to recruit COMPASS (2020)

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) by Set1/COMPASS occurs co-transcriptionally, and is important for gene regulation. Set1/COMPASS associates with the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) to establish proper levels and distribution of H3K4 methylations. However, details of CTD association remain unclear. Here we report that the Set1 N-terminal region and the COMPASS subunit Swd2, which interact with each other, are both needed for efficient CTD binding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, a single point mutation in Swd2 that affects its interaction with Set1 also impairs COMPASS recruitment to chromatin and H3K4 methylation. A CTD interaction domain (CID) from the protein Nrd1 can partially substitute for the Set1 N-terminal region to restore CTD interactions and histone methylation. However, even when Set1/COMPASS is recruited via the Nrd1 CID, histone H2B ubiquitylation is still required for efficient H3K4 methylation, indicating that H2Bub acts after the initial recruitment of COMPASS to chromatin.
Accessing New Materials through Polymerization and Modification of a Polycarbonate with a Pendant Activated Ester (2013)

Functionalized polycarbonates were synthesized by organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of a cyclic monomer with a pendant activated ester (MTC-OC6F5) followed by a postpolymerization modification with both small molecules and macromolecules. Controlled ROP to form homopolymers and diblock copolymers was realized using catalytic quantities of triflic acid. For the homopolymers, a linear relationship between [M]0/[I]0 and molecular weight (by GPC) demonstrated the living nature of the polymerization. Poly(MTC-OC6F5) was functionalized under mild reaction conditions with a variety of amines to obtain polymers with pendant primary, secondary, and tertiary amides. Graft polymers with a high grafting density of over 87% were synthesized using amine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) of two different molecular weights (2 and 5 kDa). The preparation of poly(MTC-OC6F5) provides a means of accessing a wide range of functional polycarbonates with minimal synthetic steps. This new methodology for the formation of functionalized polycarbonates provides a simple and versatile platform for the synthesis of new and innovative materials.
Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples (2020)

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts.
The Palladium(II)‐Substituted, Lone Pair Containing Tungstoarsenates(III) [Na2(H2O)2PdWO(H2O) (α‐AsW9O33)2]10‐ and [Cs2Na(H2O)8Pd3 (α‐AsW9O33)2]9‐. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
m‐Plane GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes Fabricated With MOVPE Layer on Several Off‐Angle m‐Plane GaN Substrates (2017)

In this study, GaN m ‐plane Schottky barrier diodes are fabricated by metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on several off‐angle gallium nitride (GaN) substrates, and the off‐cut angle dependence of impurity incorporation is investigated. We show that the MOVPE layer on the substrate inclined 5° toward the [000–1] direction has extremely low impurity incorporation. These results provide important suggestions for the fabrication of m ‐plane power devices.
Modal noise in multimode fiber-optic links using vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (1998)

A method to predict modal noise in short distance (30 m), high temporal bandwidth (hundreds of MHz) multimode optical links is proposed. In order to accommodate low cost, mechanical alignment, the link medium is modified from single mode fiber (used routinely in telecommunication systems) to multimode fiber. Modal dispersion in multimode fiber calls for a reduction in link length to preserve a relatively high temporal bandwidth. The source is a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), which is well suited for the high packaging density, high temporal bandwidth, and low power dissipation requirements of short distance optical communication systems. Coherence properties of several different types of VCSELs are experimentally examined with constant and modulated injection current with a bandwidth typical of that used in data communications systems. A fluctuation in the spatial irradiance output pattern of the VCSEL is identified as the dynamic component responsible for significant modal noise effects. The effect of finite system coherence length has been applied to the simulation process. The reduction in output fiber face speckle contrast, due to a broader source power spectrum and/or due to fiber modal dispersion with increasing fiber length, mitigates the effect of modal noise in the transmission link.
Concept of a Novel Bearingless Three-Pole Motor for Two-Sided Driven Applications (2021)

This paper presents a novel bearingless three-pole motor for two-sided driven applications, i. e., two motors levitating and rotating a common rotor without any mechanical contact. When operating in chemically demanding environments its advantages are highly promising: the bearingless technology allows friction- and wear-free motion, unlimited lifetime and a hermetically sealed encapsulation of the rotor, while the novel motor convinces with its - in terms of hardware - minimalistic, compact and safe design. Using 3D FEM simulations, the new topology is evaluated focusing on maximal torque and sufficient bearing forces while satisfying the compactness requirements.
Protective effects of mildronate in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes in Goto‐Kakizaki rats (2009)

These results demonstrate for the first time that in GK rats, an experimental model of type 2 diabetes, mildronate decreased L-carnitine contents and exhibited cardioprotective effects, decreased blood glucose concentrations and prevented the loss of pain sensitivity. These findings indicate that mildronate treatment could be beneficial in diabetes patients with cardiovascular problems.
Guest/Host Interactions in High Silica Zeolite Synthesis:  [5.2.1.02.6]Tricyclodecanes as Template Molecule (1996)

Zeolite synthesis results for the use of a family of related quaternary ammonium derivatives of tricyclodecane hydrocarbons as structure-directing agents are described. The work continues our interest in how rigid polycyclic hydrocarbons, as charged derivatives, occupy space in developing guest/host zeolite lattices. The zeolite product chemistry was probed as to the three-dimensional structures formed, particularly in relation to synthesis variables like boron substitution for silicon in the lattice, OH-/SiO2 reactant concentration, and the stereochemistry of the polar substituents off the tricyclo[5.2.1.02.6]decane hydrocarbon frame; all three factors were found to have an impact on the zeolites which crystallized. Some correlations were also studied for how these factors influenced the size and architecture of the resulting pore systems. Monte Carlo methods were also applied to calculate favorable docking energies for geometry-optimized organo-cations placed in the host lattices.
Disturbed Eating and Body Dysmorphic Symptoms in a Young Adult Sample Are Separable Constructs That Each Show a Mixture of Distributions (2019)

Eating disorder and body dysmorphic disorder symptoms overlap and frequently co-occur clinically, yet whether they represent one or more underlying constructs in the general population is unknown. We examined relationships between these symptoms on underlying factor structures and dimensional distributions in a young adult sample of 328 students using the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0) and the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ). We performed factor and hierarchical cluster analyses on pooled items and Gaussian mixture modeling on score distributions. EDE-Q 6.0 and DCQ total scores were correlated (<i>r</i> = 0.53, <i>p</i> < .001). Pooled items demonstrated a three-factor solution; DCQ items separating from two EDE-Q 6.0 factors. Hierarchical clustering yielded a two-cluster solution that separated the two scales. Mixture modeling demonstrated that more than one underlying distribution best fit the data for each scale. These results suggest that the EDE-Q 6.0 and DCQ measure different sets of psychopathological features, despite their tendency to track together. Moreover, eating disorder and body dysmorphic phenotypes each show nonuniform variation from normal to abnormal. This argues against using linear dimensional applications of these scales to assess individuals ranging from mild to severe in symptom severity. Separate scales may be necessary to characterize lower and higher ranges of clinical severity.
Increased Radioresistance, G2/M Checkpoint Inhibition, and Impaired Migration of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Lines Derived from Smad3−/−Mice (2006)

Smad3 protein is a prominent member of the Tgfb receptor signaling pathway. Smad3(-/-) mice display decreased radiation-induced skin fibrosis, suggesting a defect in both Tgfb-mediated fibroblast proliferation and migration. We established bone marrow stromal cell lines from Smad3(-/-) mice and homozygous littermate(+/+) mice. Smad3(-/-) cells displayed a significant increase in radiation resistance with a D(0)=2.25+/- 0.14 Gy compared to Smad3(+/+) cells with a D(0)=1.75+/- 0.03 (P=0.023). Radioresistance was abrogated by reinsertion of the human SMAD3 transgene, resulting in a D(0)=1.49 0.10 (P=0.028) for Smad3(-/-)(3) cells. More Smad3(-/-) cells than Smad3(+/+) cells were in the G(2)/M phase; Smad3(-/-)(3) cells were similar to Smad3(+/+) cells. Smad3(+/+) cells exhibited increased apoptosis 24 h after 5 Gy (15%) or 8 Gy (43%) compared to less than 1% in Smad3(-/-) cells exposed to either dose. The movement of Smad3(-/-) cells, measured in an automated cell tracking system, was slower than that of Smad3(+/+) cells. Smad3(-/-)(3) cells resembled Smad3(+/+) cells. These studies establish concordance of a defective Tgfb signal transduction pathway, an increased proportion of G(2)/M cells, and radioresistance. The decreased migratory capacity of Smad3(-/-) cells in vitro correlates with decreased radiation fibrosis in vivo in mice deficient in Tgfb signaling.
Effects of Short-Term Treatment with Recombinant Human Growth Hormone on Carbamazepine Pharmacokinetics in Rats (2013)

Objectives: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of Carbamazepine (CBZ) in rats during growth hormone treatment.
Fractional-sample motion compensation using generalized interpolation (2010)

Typical interpolation methods in video coding perform filtering of reference picture samples using FIR filters for motion-compensated prediction. This process can be viewed as a signal decomposition using basis functions which are restricted by the interpolating constraint. Using the concept of generalized interpolation provides a greater degree of freedom for selecting basis functions. We implemented generalized interpolation using a combination of IIR and FIR filters. The complexity of the proposed scheme is comparable to that of an 8-tap FIR filter. Bit rate savings up to 20% compared to the H.264/AVC 6-tap filter are shown.
Thickness estimation with optical coherence tomography and statistical decision theory (2015)

Thickness estimation, which has a broad range of applications, plays an important role in the field of optical metrology. In this study, we investigate a new approach—combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) and statistical decision theory—for thickness estimation. We first discussed and quantified the intensity noise of three commonly used broadband sources, a super-continuum source, a super-luminescent diode (SLD), and a swept source. Furthermore, a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator was implemented to interpret the OCT raw data. Based on the mathematical model and the ML estimator, simulations were set up to investigate the impact of different broadband sources in OCT for a thickness estimation task. We then validated the theoretical framework with physical phantoms. Results demonstrate unbiased nanometer-class thickness estimates with the ML estimator. The framework can be potentially used for film and surface shape metrology.
Multi-band base station antenna for diversity and MIMO-applications (2004)

In this paper an antenna element for the application in multi band base station antennas for mobile communication systems is presented. The antenna element covers the most important frequency bands in Europe and Asia (GSM 1800, UMTS at 2100 GHz and UMTS-Plus at 2600 MHz), respects important features regarding manufacturing, signal distribution and signal intermodulation. Since the antenna can be fed independently by two orthogonal feeds, polarization diversity can be realized within a single antenna element. This can be used for polarization diversity and in MIMO systems to adapt the antenna to the channel. The possible system enhancement due to the polarization diversity feature within a single antenna element will be derived.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 4′-C-Azidomethyl-β-D-Ribofuranosyl Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleosides (2009)

In the search for inhibitors of the replication of RNA viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), the hitherto unknown 4'-C-azidomethyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl nucleosides of the five naturally occurring nucleic acid bases have been synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. These 4'-C-branched nucleosides were stereospecifically prepared by glycosylation of purine and pyrimidine aglycons with a suitable peracylated 4-C-azidomethyl-D-pentofuranose sugar, followed by removal of the protecting groups. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity against several viruses, but they did not show an antiviral effect.
Stable expression of cDNA encoding the human interleukin 2 receptor in eukaryotic cells. (1985)

Human interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor cDNA derived from HUT 102B2 cells was stably expressed in murine L cells. These L cell transfectants (a) displayed surface receptors of the aberrant size of the IL-2 receptors on HUT 102B2 cells, (b) did not respond to exogenous IL-2 with augmented proliferation, and (c) expressed low affinity but not high affinity receptors for IL-2.
H3N2 influenza viruses from domestic chickens in Italy: an increasing role for chickens in the ecology of influenza? (2002)

In Italy, multiple H3N2 influenza viruses were isolated from chickens with mild respiratory disease and were shown to replicate in the respiratory tracts of experimentally infected chickens; this finding is the first to show that H3N2 influenza viruses can replicate and cause disease in chickens. H3N2 influenza viruses in pigs on nearby farms seemed a likely source of the virus; however, antigenic and molecular analyses revealed that the gene segments of the viruses in chickens were mainly of Eurasian avian origin and were distinguishable from those isolated from pigs and wild aquatic birds in Italy. Thus, several different H3 influenza viruses were circulating in Italy, but we failed to identify the source of the chicken H3N2 influenza viruses that have disappeared subsequently from Italian poultry. Until recently, the transmission of influenza viruses (other than the H5 and H7 subtypes) from their reservoir in aquatic birds to chickens was rarely detected and highly pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses were considered to be restricted to poultry species. However, the recent reports of the transmission of H9N2 and H5N1 influenza viruses to chickens in Hong Kong and, subsequently, to humans and our findings of the transmission of H3N2 influenza viruses to domestic chickens in Italy suggest an increased role for chickens as an intermediate host in the ecology of influenza.