gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous cardiac function monitoring by aortic pressure waveform analysis (2006)

We aimed to develop and initially evaluate a new technique for continuous monitoring of cardiac function by mathematical analysis of an aortic pressure (AP) waveform. Our technique specifically applies lumped parameter modeling and least squares fitting to estimate the absolute left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) from an AP waveform. To experimentally evaluate the technique, we performed hemodynamic experiments in three adult dogs (15–25 kg). Two of the dogs were instrumented with an AP catheter as well as an aortic flow probe and ultrasonic crystals attached to the left ventricle for reference EF. These dogs were studied in the conscious state before and after chronic pacing induced heart failure so as to reduce EF. The third dog was instrumented with an AP catheter and an aortic flow probe. This dog was studied under anesthesia before and after the administration of increasing doses of dobutamine so as to increase EF. Our results showed that the EF estimated by our technique corresponded to the reference EF both before and after heart failure with an overall error of 15% and significantly increased with dobutamine dose. With further successful testing, the technique may ultimately be employed for continuous cardiac function monitoring in research and clinical settings in which an AP catheter is used. This work was supported by the NHLBI Grant HL-55473 and an award from the American Heart Association.
DELI: a new run-time control point (2002)

The Dynamic Execution Layer Interface (DELI) offers the following unique capability: it provides fine-grain control over the execution of programs, by allowing its clients to observe and optionally manipulate every single instruction - at run time - just before it runs. DELI accomplishes this by opening up art interface to the layer between the execution of software and hardware. To avoid the slowdown, DELI caches a private copy of the executed code and always runs out of its own private cache. In addition to giving powerful control to clients, DELI opens up caching and linking to ordinary emulators and just-in-time compilers, which their get the reuse benefits of the same mechanism. For example, emulators themselves call also use other clients, to mix emulation with already existing services, native code, and other emulators. This paper describes the basic aspects of DELI, including the underlying caching and linking mechanism, the Hardware Abstraction Mechanism (HAM), the Binary-Level Translation (BLT) infrastructure, and the Application Programming Interface (API) exposed to the clients. We also cover some of the services that clients could offer through the DELI, such as ISA emulation, software patching, and sandboxing. Finally, we consider a case study of emulation in detail: the emulation of a PocketPC system on the Lx/ST210 embedded VLIW processor. In this case, DELI enables us to achieve near-native performance, and to mix-and-match native and emulated code.
Usability Evaluation of Access Ramps in Transit Buses: Preliminary Findings (2016)

The research literature on access ramps used in transit vehicles is undermined by inconsistent methodologies used across studies, thus providing an inconclusive evidence base for proposed Federal guidelines that would impose a maximum 1:6 slope for all deployment situations. The current study assessed the usability of ramp slope for mobility aid users. Four access ramp slopes were evaluated, with 27 adults representing three populations: manual wheelchair users, power wheelchair users, and people with vision impairment who use a cane or service animal. The dependent variables included five usability measures. The 1:8 and 1:12 slopes were usable and acceptable for most participants. The data indicate that the 1:4 slope is too steep for safe unassisted boarding and disembarking. Many manual wheelchair users lacked the strength needed for unassisted ascent. Power wheelchair users and people with vision impairment expressed safety concerns about descent of steeper slopes. Conclusive interpretations should be cautiously drawn because the sample size was relatively small and did not include users of scooters or ambulation aids.
Optimizing Aerosol Delivery by Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers (2005)

The modern era of aerosol therapy began with the introduction of the Medihaler Epi in 1956, after a 13-year-old asthmatic told her father, an officer in the Riker company, that asthma medications should be as convenient to use as hair spray and she complained that the bulb atomizer leaked in her school bag. Since then, advances in technology have made aerosol delivery much more efficient, so that it is now the most widely used mode of medication delivery for chronic airways diseases. Today the pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) is a metal canister containing a mixture of propellants, surfactants, preservatives, and drug. However, pMDIs are underused in the United States. One barrier to use is the misconception related to pMDI effectiveness relative to small-volume nebulizers, especially among pediatricians. This is despite the strongest evidence of pMDI superiority, from well-controlled pediatric studies. In this manuscript we discuss ways to optimize the use of medications given via pMDI and examine recent changes in pMDI technology that will make drug delivery more efficient and consistent.
Measurement of directivity index by three-dimensional spatial sampling (2005)

The traditional method for finding the directivity index (DI) of a microphone by extrapolation from its two-dimensional polar pattern may not be accurate when the microphone or its mounting surface is acoustically large. In situ hearing aid microphone DI determination requires knowledge of the full three-dimensional directional response. Microphone DI may be measured directly by comparison of the on-axis anechoic sensitivity to the sensitivity in a diffuse sound field, normalizing the comparison by reference to a perfect omnidirectional microphone. In practice, creating an accurately diffuse field is difficult, and is traditionally accomplished by averaging measurements taken at several locations in a reverberant room excited by multiple uncorrelated sound sources. Theoretically equivalent results can be obtained by three-dimensional spatial sampling in an anechoic environment, inferring the full spherical response from a finite number of directional measurements. The necessary density, positioning, and positioning accuracy of measurement directions is determined by sampling theory, tests employing mathematically defined polar patterns, and practical considerations, leading to a minimum specification of 48 measurement points arranged in five horizontal zones. Non-uniform spacing of these points necessitates employing a weighted average of the sensitivity measurements to obtain the best prediction of the actual diffuse field response.
Simulations of laminar methane flames doped with iron nitrate/1-butanol aerosol in a novel matrix burner (2023)

A novel matrix burner enabled the investigation of aerosol-doped laminar low-pressure flames. Iron nitrate dissolved in 1-butanol was used as a typical model system, also found in the flame spray pyrolysis for synthesis of iron oxide. The state of the aerosol entering the flame front was quantified by single-droplet evaporation calculations. Three-dimensional simulations were conducted to quantify thermal losses and the impact of buoyancy on the deviation from an ideal one-dimensional approximation. Highly resolved simulations of the burner matrix confirmed the compact, external mixing zone and the flatness of the flame in the low-pressure operation. Simulations based on the one-dimensional approximation demonstrated the suitability of the experimental setup for reaction kinetics investigations. The results were compared and validated by temperature measurements and probing mass spectrometry. Based on investigations of the particle-producing flame, a hypothesis about the origin of gas-borne nanoparticles in the spray-flame synthesis process was derived. This work demonstrates the suitability of the novel matrix burner for the investigation of reaction kinetics in aerosol doped, quasi-premixed, flat flames using one-dimensional, laminar flame simulations.
C–H Arylation of Pyridines: High Regioselectivity as a Consequence of the Electronic Character of C–H Bonds and Heteroarene Ring (2011)

We report a new catalytic protocol for highly selective C-H arylation of pyridines containing common and synthetically versatile electron-withdrawing substituents (NO(2), CN, F and Cl). The new protocol expands the scope of catalytic azine functionalization as the excellent regioselectivity at the 3- and 4-positions well complements the existing methods for C-H arylation and Ir-catalyzed borylation, as well as classical functionalization of pyridines. Another important feature of the new method is its flexibility to adapt to challenging substrates by a simple modification of the carboxylic acid ligand or the use of silver salts. The regioselectivity can be rationalized on the basis of the key electronic effects (repulsion between the nitrogen lone pair and polarized C-Pd bond at C2-/C6-positions and acidity of the C-H bond) in combination with steric effects (sensitivity to bulky substituents).
Understanding Driver Perceptions of a Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Communication System Using a Test Track Demonstration (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication systems can enable a number of wireless-based vehicle features that can improve traffic safety, driver convenience, and roadway efficiency and facilitate many types of in-vehicle services. These systems have an extended communication range that can provide drivers with information about the position and movements of nearby V2Vequipped vehicles. Using this technology, these vehicles are able to communicate roadway events that are beyond the driver's view and provide advisory information that will aid drivers in avoiding collisions or congestion ahead. Given a typical communication range of 300 meters, drivers can potentially receive information well in advance of their arrival to a particular location. The timing and nature of presenting V2V information to the driver will vary depending on the nature and criticality of the scenario. The purpose of this study was to gather data on driver perceptions and opinions with respect to a V2V communication system. The 125 participants tested on the Virginia Smart Road experienced a V2V system capable of demonstrating various V2V applications. These applications included alerting the test participants to the following events ahead of the vehicle: vehicle braking hard, slow moving vehicle, vehicle with hazard warning lights activated, post-crash notification, electronic stability control (ESC) activation, and a potential intersection crash situation. The results indicated that the V2V applications demonstrated were well-received by test participants and were believed to provide safety benefits. These results, coupled with the relative affordability of V2V compared to other autonomous sensing systems, suggest that the V2V system may with anticipated future levels of deployment provide a promising approach to improve traffic safety and increase the penetration of safety systems across the vehicle fleet.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Fast Initialization Method for Edge-based Registration Using an Inclination Constraint (2007)

We propose a hybrid camera pose estimation method using an inclination sensor value and correspondence-free line segments. In this method, possible azimuths of the camera pose are hypothesized by a voting method under an inclination constraint. Then some camera positions for each possible azimuth are calculated based on the detected line segments that affirmatively voted for the azimuth. Finally, the most consistent one is selected as the camera pose out of the multiple sets of the camera positions and azimuths. Unlike many other tracking methods, our method does not use past information but rather estimates the camera pose using only present information. This feature is useful for an initialization measure of registration in augmented reality (AR) systems. This paper describes the details of the method and shows its effectiveness with experiments in which the method is actually used in an AR application.
Structural Compromise between High Hardness and Crack Resistance in Aluminoborate Glasses (2018)

Alkali aluminoborate glasses have recently been shown to exhibit a high threshold for indentation cracking compared to other bulk oxide glasses. However, to enable the use of these materials in engineering applications, there is a need to improve their hardness by tuning the chemical composition. In this study, we substitute alkaline earth for alkali network-modifying species at fixed aluminoborate base glass composition and correlate it with changes in the structure, mechanical properties, and densification behavior. We find that the increase in field strength (i.e., the charge-to-size ratio) achieved by substituting alkaline earth oxide from BaO to MgO manifests itself in a monotonic increase in several properties, such as atomic packing density, glass-transition temperature, densification ability, indentation hardness, and crack resistance. Although the use of alkaline earth oxides as modifier enables higher hardness values (increasing from 2.0 GPa for Cs to 5.8 GPa for Mg), their crack resistance is generally lower than that of the corresponding alkali aluminoborate glasses. We discuss the origin of this compromise between hardness and crack resistance in terms of the ability of the glass networks to undergo structural transformations and self-adapt under stress. We show that the extent of volume densification scales linearly with the number of pressure-induced coordination number changes of B and Al.
Numerical modelling of IPT pad combinations (2015)

Inductive power transfer (IPT) has become increasingly popular for various charging applications including cellphone charging and electric vehicles. In order to design the magnetic pads for use with IPT, many individual simulations often have to be performed in order to determine magnetic properties such as the coupling factor and quality factor of the pads with relative offsets. As magnetic systems become increasingly complex with varying sizes and topologies, the number of required simulations increase exponentially and end up taking a significant amount of time. This paper focuses on the EV application and presents a method of reducing the number of required simulations by only requiring the boundary conditions to be simulated and then applied to a numerical model based on an Dagum distribution. Mixed pad topologies of varying sizes are trialled at different heights and displacements. The models are confirmed via practical validations.
The relationship between upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and drug use: a case control study. (1996)

The relationship between upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and drug use was studied in 251 Chinese patients (179 men, 72 women) admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, and control subjects matched for age and sex. There was a highly significant difference between the cases and control subjects in the use of NSAIDs (odds ratio 14.0, p < 0.00001), ulcer healing drugs (odds ratio 12.5, p < 0.00001), and Chinese proprietary medicines (odds ratio 16.0, p < 0.00001). There was also a significant difference in the use of analgesics (odds ratio 14.0, p = 0.001), paracetamol (odds ratio 2.5, p = 0.01), antacids (odds ratio 2.7, p < 0.001) and unknown drugs (odds ratio 4.7, p < 0.001). Cases also differed from control subjects regarding the use of tobacco (odds ratio 2.3, p < 0.001) and alcohol (odds ratio 1.7, p = 0.02), and the presence of peptic ulcer symptoms (odds ratio 29.8, p < 0.00001). Significantly more control subjects than cases were receiving aspirin, cardiovascular drugs, bronchodilators, oral hypoglycemic drugs/lipid-lowering drugs, and anticonvulsants/hypnotics, due to the inevitable differences in disease pattern between the 2 groups. NSAID use was a major factor associated with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from primarily peptic ulcers. Differences in the use of other drugs may reflect variations in disease patterns between cases and controls, the common practice of self-medication in Hong Kong, and the concomitant use of NSAIDs and ulcer healing drugs/antacids.
Comparison of Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Stair Ascent in Single-Radius and Multiradius Total Knee Arthroplasty (2018)

Despite continuing advances, nearly 20% of patients remain dissatisfied with their total knee arthroplasty (TKA) outcomes. Single-radius (SR) and multiradius (MR) TKA designs are two commonly used knee replacement designs based on competing theories of the flexion/extension axis of the knee. Our aim was to characterize stair descent kinematics and kinetics in SR and MR TKA subjects. We hypothesized that 1 year after TKA, patients who received SR TKA will more closely replicate the knee kinematics and kinetics of healthy age-matched controls during stair descent, than will MR TKA patients. SR subjects (<i>n</i> = 12), MR subjects (<i>n</i> = 12), and age-matched controls (<i>n</i> = 12) descended four stairs affixed to force platforms, while 10 infrared cameras tracked markers attached to the body to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Both patient groups had improvements in stair descent kinetics and kinematics at the 1-year postoperative time point. However, SR TKA subjects were indistinguishable statistically from age-matched controls, while MR TKA subjects retained many differences from controls. Similar to previous reports for level walking, the SR knee design performs closer to healthy controls than MR knees during stair descent. This study demonstrates that patients who receive SR TKA have more improved kinematic normalization during stair descent postoperatively than those who received an MR TKA.
Transmission electron microscopy investigation of biaxial alignment development in YSZ films fabricated using ion beam assisted deposition (1996)

Detailed microstructural development of biaxially aligned yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) films fabricated using ion beam assisted deposition is reported for the first time. The YSZ films in this study were deposited by ion beam assisted deposition onto Pyrex substrates. A columnar microstructure was exhibited in all the films studied. There are three populations of columns with (001) azimuthal orientation in the film microstructure. The (001) YSZ columns have a faceted dendritic microstructure, consistent with atom attachment at {101} layer source planes during growth from the vapor. Selected area electron diffraction from cross-sectional specimens indicates that most of the biaxial alignment is achieved within 100 nm of the substrate, with little improvement thereafter. The microstructural development of biaxial alignment is consistent with a previously proposed model involving anisotropic growth and extinction of the YSZ columns during ion beam assisted deposition.
Active and Interference Well Pressure Transient Data Interpretation in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (2015)

Summary For more than 50 years, Warren and Root (1963) dual-porosity type models have been used for modeling fluid flow in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs). However, despite the ubiquity and importance of fractured and faulted hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the acknowledged complexity of modeling hydrocarbon flow in such reservoirs, few authors have challenged the capability of the Warren and Root (1963) dual-porosity type models to simulate the behavior of NFRs. There are conditions under which Warren and Root (1963) dual-porosity type models may be applied. Here, we use our new solution for the pressure transient behavior of continuous connected and discretely fractured reservoirs containing arbitrarily placed fractures of different lengths, densities, and orientations that addresses many of the shortcomings of the dual-porosity type approach. Unlike the dual-porosity approach, which contains only two parameters to describe the interaction between the fracture and matrix media, it is challenging to apply such geologically-realistic models to history matching due to the number of variable parameters. We present a new methodology for pressure transient test design and analysis using our solutions to gauge the sensitivity of a pressure transient test to realistic geological parameters and to provide a geologically consistent “most-likely” model under uncertainty.
Newer Trends in In Situ Gelling Systems for Controlled Ocular Drug Delivery (2016)

In situ -gelling systems has the great potential in the wide areas of drug delivery. The application areas of such systems are broad and these systems can be formulated not only as gels but also as in situ gelling nanospheres, microspheres and liposomes. To overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional drug delivery systems and take advantages of both solutions and gels, such as accurate dosing, ease of administration of the former and longer precorneal residence of the latter, a newer concept of in situ gelling drug delivery systems was came in light for the first time in the early 1980s. In situ gelling systems are the polymeric solutions which can be administered in solution form and immediately undergoes sol-gel phase transition in to a viscoelastic gel upon exposure to physiological conditions (e.g. pH, temperature and ionic concentration) or application of external triggers. In situ gelling systems seems to have wide applications in ocular therapy. A lot of research is going on in this area proves the fact that in situ gelling systems can be advantageous in the ocular drug delivery. In the present review we will discuss recent researches involving application of in situ gelling polymers, their applications in the various domains of drug delivery and marketed formulations based on in situ gelling systems.
Correction: Design of Wide-Spectrum Inhibitors Targeting Coronavirus Main Proteases (2005)

There is a typesetting error remaining in equation 1, despite the Note Added in Proof indicating that the equation has been corrected. The second reaction step should not have a reverse arrow.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Steric Facial Selectivity in Nucleophilic 1,4‐Conjugate Additions. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Search for heavy resonances decaying to WW, WZ, or WH boson pairs in a final state consisting of a lepton and a large-radius jet in proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV (2022)

A search for new heavy resonances decaying to pairs of bosons (WW, WZ, or WH) is presented. The analysis uses data from proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb -1 . One of the bosons is required to be a W boson decaying to an electron or muon and a neutrino, while the other boson is required to be reconstructed as a single jet with mass and substructure compatible with a quark pair from a W, Z, or Higgs boson decay. The search is performed in the resonance mass range between 1.0 and 4.5 TeV and includes a specific search for resonances produced via vector boson fusion. The signal is extracted using a twodimensional maximum likelihood fit to the jet mass and the diboson invariant mass distributions. No significant excess is observed above the estimated background. Model-independent upper limits on the production cross sections of spin-0, spin-1, and spin-2 heavy resonances are derived as functions of the resonance mass and are interpreted in the context of bulk radion, heavy vector triplet, and bulk graviton models. The reported bounds are the most stringent to date.