gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Goemans-Williamson MAXCUT approximation algorithm on Loihi (2023)

Approximation algorithms for computationally complex problems are of significant importance in computing as they provide computational guarantees of obtaining practically useful results for otherwise computationally intractable problems. The demonstration of implementing formal approximation algorithms on spiking neuromorphic hardware is a critical step in establishing that neuromorphic computing can offer cost-effective solutions to significant optimization problems while retaining important computational guarantees on the quality of solutions. Here, we demonstrate that the Loihi platform is capable of effectively implementing the Goemans-Williamson (GW) approximation algorithm for MAXCUT, an NP-hard problem that has applications ranging from VLSI design to network analysis. We show that a Loihi implementation of the approximation step of the GW algorithm obtains equivalent maximum cuts of graphs as conventional algorithms, and we describe how different aspects of architecture precision impacts the algorithm performance.
Interlink and coverage analysis for small satellite constellations (2012)

In this article, the use of both the well-known Walker constellations and a proposed Randomic one are studied focusing on the data exchange between small satellites and their coverage of the Earth. The term Randomic is adopted to define constellations that are composed of small satellites placed in orbits occasioned by ‘catching a ride’ on launchers intended for other payloads. Thus, if on the one hand this ‘piggyback’ configuration has the merit of saving launch costs, on the other hand the small satellites will generally end up in orbits not ideally suited to their intended mission. In any case, in order to ensure an appropriate communication chain between the satellites, Bit Error Rate has to be kept below certain levels and this in turn requires keeping satellites within appropriate limits of distance and relative velocity. Following a statistical analysis over the past decade of launches, aimed at establishing the most exploitable orbits for ‘piggyback’ configurations, an investigation into the use of this type of constellation has been conducted. The comparison with an optimal Walker configuration has highlighted the better performance of the Walker and the significant reduction of mission expenditure of the Randomic constellation.
Server rack for improved data center management (2023)

Methods and systems for data center management include collecting sensor data from one or more sensors in a rack; determining a location and identifying information for each asset in the rack using a set of asset tags associated with respective assets; communicating the sensor and asset location to a communication module; receiving an instruction from the communication module; and executing the received instruction to change a property of the rack.
ALA-Butyrate prodrugs for Photo-Dynamic Therapy (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. Berkovitch, A. Nudelman, B. Ehenberg, A. Rephaeli, Z. Malik; ALA‐Butyrate prodrugs for Photo‐Dynamic Therapy. AIP Conf. Proc. 31 May 2010; 1226 (1): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3453786 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Linking the Chemistry and Physics of Electronic Charge Transfer in Insulators: Theory and Experiment (2013)

The surface states model is successful in predicting many salient features of charge transfer in insulative materials, which is critical to electrophotography. This article will discuss how the surface chemistry controls the physics and the chemical potentials, and how it fits the surface states model. The interrelationship of acid&#x2010;base K a /K b values of the materials in contact, measured by inverse gas chromatography, the highest occupied molecular orbitals and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and their excited states calculated using DFT (density functional theory) quantum mechanical modeling, the chemical potentials measured by the Kelvin method, and triboelectric charging data are studied. It will be shown that a precursor complex of the contacting materials, prior to the charge transfer event, can be calculated by DFT to predict triboelectric charging both qualitatively and quantitatively. This article focuses on polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynar and PMMA polymers, as well as silica, titania, and alumina.
Applications of Algebraic Soft-Decision Decoding of Reed&#8211;Solomon Codes (2006)

Efficient soft-decision decoding of Reed–Solomon codes is made possible by the Koetter–Vardy (KV) algorithm which consists of a front-end to the interpolation-based Guruswami–Sudan list decoding algorithm. This paper approaches the soft-decision KV algorithm from the point of view of a communications systems designer who wants to know what benefits the algorithm can give, and how the extra complexity introduced by soft decoding can be managed at the systems level. We show how to reduce the computational complexity and memory requirements of the soft-decision front-end. Applications to wireless communications over Rayleigh fading channels and magnetic recording channels are proposed. For a high-rate (RS 9225,239) Reed–Solomon code, 2–3 dB of soft-decision gain is possible over a Rayleigh fading channel using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation. For shorter codes and at lower rates, the gain can be as large as 9 dB. To lower the complexity of decoding on the systems level, the redecoding architecture is explored which uses only the appropriate amount of complexity to decode each packet. An error-detection criterion based on the properties of the KV decoder is proposed for the redecoding architecture. Queuing analysis verifies the practicality of the redecoding architecture by showing that only a modestly sized RAM buffer is required.
Multi‐echo gradient‐recalled‐echo phase unwrapping using a Nyquist sampled virtual echo train in the presence of high‐field gradients (2021)

The iterative VENyS algorithm serves as a robust unwrapping method for multi-echo gradient-recalled echo phase in the presence of high-field gradients.
Modified Mohr-Coulomb fracture model for anisotropic sheet materials under limited triaxial stress conditions (2013)

This paper reviews recent work of the authors to model necking and fracture for anisotropic materials, which requires consideration of the stress conditions that vary through the thickness of the sheet, and in particular, taking into consideration the conditions at individual integration points. Although the prior work adequately addresses the roll of triaxial stress conditions on necking, the fracture model developed in the prior work was limited in its application to analysis of plane-stress conditions. In this work, a fracture model is developed for application to a limited range of triaxial stress conditions, in which the through-thickness shear stresses are assumed to be negligible, but the normal stress is allowed to be non-zero. The model is extended in a way that reduces to the prior anisotropic fracture model under plane stress conditions, but includes the contribution of a triaxial stress condition in a way that retains the desired features of the Mohr-Coulomb Model.
Essential Oils from Two Apiaceae Species as Potential Agents in Organic Crops Protection (2021)

Chemical composition and herbicidal, antifungal, antibacterial and molluscicidal activities of essential oils from Choukzerk, <i>Eryngium triquetrum</i>, and Alexander, <i>Smyrnium olusatrum</i>, from western Algeria were characterized. Capillary GC-FID and GC/MS were used to investigate chemical composition of both essential oils, and the antifungal, antibacterial, molluscicidal and herbicidal activities were determined by % inhibition. Collective essential oil of <i>E. triquetrum</i> was dominated by falcarinol (74.8%) and octane (5.6%). The collective essential oil of <i>S. olusatrum</i> was dominated by furanoeremophilone (31.5%), furanodiene+curzurene (19.3%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (11%). The <i>E. triquetrum</i> oil was tested and a pure falcarinol (99%) showed virtuous herbicidal and antibacterial activities against potato blackleg disease, <i>Pectobacterium atrosepticum</i>, and Gram-negative soil bacterium, <i>Pseudomonas cichorii</i> (85 and 100% inhibition, respectively), and high ecotoxic activity against brine shrimp, <i>Artemia salina</i>, and the freshwater snail, <i>Biomphalaria glabrata</i>, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.35 µg/mL and 0.61 µg/mL, respectively. Essential oil of <i>S. olusatrum</i> showed interesting antibacterial and ecotoxic activity and good herbicidal activity against watercress seeds, <i>Lepidium sativum</i> (74% inhibition of photosynthesis, 80% mortality on growth test on model watercress), while the furanoeremophilone isolated from the oil (99% pure) showed moderate herbicidal activity. Both oils showed excellent antifungal activity against <i>Fusarium</i>. Both oils and especially falcarinol demonstrated good potential as new biocontrol agents in organic crop protection.
InGaAsP annular Bragg lasers: theory, applications and modal properties (2005)

A novel class of circular resonators, based on a radial defect surrounded by Bragg reflectors, is studied in detail. Simple rules for the design and analysis of such structures are derived using a transfer matrix formalism. Unlike conventional ring resonators, annular Bragg resonators (ABR) are not limited by the total internal reflection condition, and can exhibit both large free spectral ranges and low bend losses. The Bragg reflection mechanism enables the confinement of light within a defect consisting of a low refractive index medium (such as air). Strong atom-photon interaction can be achieved in such a structure, making it a promising candidate for sensing and cavity QED applications. For sensing applications, we show that the ABR structure can possess significantly higher sensitivity when compared to a conventional ring resonator sensor. Lasing action and low threshold levels are demonstrated in ABR lasers at telecommunication wavelengths under pulsed optical pumping at room temperatures. The impact of the intensity and dimensions of the pump-spot on the emitted spectrum is studied in detail.
Simulation of ceramic particle formation: Comparison with in‐situ measurements (1989)

Abstract Ceramic particle formation processes have been studied using SiO 2 as a model compound. Silica particles have been synthesized in a counterpropagating diffusion flame reactor, in which in ‐ situ measurements of particle size and number density have been made. In addition, the time‐temperature history of the particle field has been calculated from a flame simulation. Numerical simulations using moment and sectional methods for particle formation have been applied and compared to the experimental measurements. The simulations for the particle formation assume a kinetically‐constrained approach, allowing a simple representation of nucleation, surface growth and coagulation. The results suggest that, if the source rates are known well enough, particle formation of low vapor pressure species can be predicted. Both models do well in predicting the gross features of particle formation (number density and mean particle size), although the moment solution does a poor job of predicting the polydispersity effects during periods of high monomer generation rates.
Group delay spread analysis of strongly coupled 3-core fibers: an effect of bending and twisting (2016)

The effect of bending and twisting on the group delay spread (GDS) of strongly coupled 3-core fibers is investigated. For the random perturbation inducing modal coupling in the fiber, two physical mechanisms, microbending or macrobending with random twist, are considered. Calculated results show that both mechanisms lead to the same effect, namely, reduced GDS under strong coupling regime. Furthermore, a novel fiber structure having an air-hole at the center is proposed for reducing the GDS. By placing the air-hole, the effective index difference between fundamental and the higher order modes is reduced, leading to strong modal mixing in the fiber, and hence, small GDS. Calculated GDS of the fiber with air-hole is almost 1/5 compared with that of the fiber without air-hole.
Porphyrin-Based Photocatalytic Lithography (2008)

Photocatalytic lithography couples light with photoreactive coated mask materials to pattern surface chemistry. We excite porphyrins to create radical species that photocatalytically oxidize, and thereby pattern, chemistries in the local vicinity. The technique advantageously is suited for use with a wide variety of substrates. It is fast and robust, and the wavelength of light does not limit the resolution of patterned features. We have patterned proteins and cells to demonstrate the utility of photocatalytic lithography in life science applications.
Data from A Threshold of Systemic MAGE-A Gene Expression Predicting Survival in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Quantitative measurement of minimal residual disease predicting recurrence in individual cancer patients is available only in very few indications, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but is still missing in most solid tumors, including non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; MAGE-A expression levels in blood and bone marrow determined as calibrator-normalized relative ratios by quantitative multimarker real-time RT-PCR for transcript amplification of &lt;i&gt;MAGE&lt;/i&gt;-A1, -A2, -A3/6, -A4, -A10, and -A12 in 94 patients with completely resected NSCLC were correlated with survival in a clinical study.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with MAGE-A expression levels ≥0.2 in at least one sample of bone marrow or blood at tumor surgery had a significantly reduced overall (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007), cancer-free (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002), and distant metastasis–free survival (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) versus patients below 0.2 in all samples without significant difference in locoregional recurrence–free survival. The corresponding HRs (≥0.2 vs. &lt;0.2) for death, cancer-related death, and development of distant metastasis were 2.56 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42–4.63], 3.32 (95% CI, 1.66–6.61), and 4.03 (95% CI, 1.77–9.18), respectively. Five-year Kaplan–Meier estimates of distant metastasis–free survival were 43% (MAGE-A ≥ 0.2) versus 87% (MAGE-A &lt; 0.2).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; MAGE-A expression in blood or bone marrow at tumor surgery is an independent predictor of survival in resected NSCLC. The reliable prediction of distant metastasis in individual patients with a statistically proven impact on overall survival may help to refine patient selection for adjuvant therapy urgently needed, especially in the clinical management of elderly patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1213–9. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Experimental Investigation of the Impact of BMI on Ultrawideband MIMO Body-to-Body Networks (2018)

Body-to-Body (B2B) communication has been envisioned for next- generation communication systems as it affords the ability to share information between co-located users with low energy consumption and high spectral efficiency. It is also anticipated that the bodies of the users on which the communication devices are located will strongly influence the signal propagation. Therefore, it is important that any B2B propagation channel characterization consider the effect of the human body and in particular the size/shape of the body. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of a measurement campaign for wireless B2B propagation channels. Measurements are done in an anechoic chamber to clearly work out the impact of the body. We use a self-developed 4 × 4 Ultrawideband (UWB) Multiple-Input-Multiple- Output (MIMO) array channel sounding system operating in the 2-10 GHz frequency band. The impact of body mass index (BMI) on the B2B propagation channels is investigated. Using a total of 9 test subjects, we determine the BMI- dependence of channel paramaters such as path gain, shadowing gain and rms delay spread (τ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">τms</sub> ). We find that parameters obtained from measurements on test subjects with BMIs corresponding to large body sizes show considerable difference to those of subjects with typical BMI.
Utility-based Adaptive Resource Allocation in Hybrid Wireless Networks (2005)

Service availability in wireless networks is highly dependent on efficient resource allocation and guaranteed quality of service (QoS) amid overloads and failures. This paper addresses optimal bandwidth allocation in a hybrid network (cellular and ad hoc), where added reach through an ad hoc overlay is combined with the stability and essential services of a cellular network. The paper builds on a near optimal approach in which resource-utility functions are used as a means of adaptive delivery of QoS, user differentiation, and maximisation of system level utility. It distinguishes between non-adaptive, semi-adaptive, and fully adaptive applications. First, the global cellular bandwidth allocation (in the presence of multiple routes through ad hoc relays) is cast in terms of a linear programming problem. Second, a heuristic algorithm that has far lower computational overhead and accrues at worse 12% less than the utility of the optimal solution is presented. Both algorithms are implemented within a model of a hybrid network on top of the J-Sim simulation environment. Comparative studies are made to show effective load balancing and crash tolerance in the presence of a high traffic overload
Differential orientation of a GnRH agonist and antagonist in the pituitary GnRH receptor. (1993)

In the present study we have used a high affinity photoaffinity label (PAL) agonist (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-125I-iodoTyr-D-Lys(para-N3-Benzoyl)-Leu-Arg-P roNHEt) and a PAL antagonist (NAcD2Nal-D4ClPhe-D3Pal-Ser-125I-iodo-NMeTyr-D-L ys(para-N3-Benzoyl)Leu-Lys(Isp) - Pro-D-Ala-NH2) to covalently label the GnRH receptor. Rat pituitary membranes were incubated 3 h with either the radioiodinated agonist or antagonist in the dark, exposed to UV light, then electrophoresed in SDS. The PAL agonist and antagonist labeled broad bands (estimated molecular weight [M(r)] 46K-60K). Labeling by either PAL agonist or antagonist was displaced by unlabeled agonist or antagonist, indicating that the agonist and antagonist bind to the same molecule. The broad band, believed to reflect differential glycosylation, was divided into six sections corresponding M(r) to 60K, 56K, 52K, 48K, 46K and 44K for the agonist and 62K, 58K, 54K, 52K, 48K and 45K for the antagonist; these were electroeluted with recovery > 80% based on radioactivity. Each could be re-electrophoresed to the same location from which it was eluted. Other eluted samples were treated with trypsin. The M(r) of the samples labeled with the agonist PAL were shifted to M(r) 48K, 42K, 40K, 37K, 35K and 33K by proteolysis. The observation that each section shifted approximately the same M(r) after trypsin treatment suggests that the backbone of the labeled proteins in each gel section is identical. Samples labeled with the antagonist PAL were shifted to M(r) < 10,000 in all cases. These data indicate that the agonist and antagonist PALs bind to different regions of the GnRH receptor and, therefore, are likely oriented differently with respect to the receptor and support the view that different strategies should be used for the design of agonists and antagonists.
Visualizing Geographic Information: VisualPoints vs CartoDraw (2003)

Cartograms are a well-known technique for showing geography-related statistical information, such as population demographics and epidemiological data. The basic idea is to distort a map by resizing its regions according to a statistical parameter, but in a way that keeps the map recognizable. In this paper, we deal with the problem of making continuous cartograms that strictly retain the topology of the input mesh. We compare two algorithms that solve the continuous cartogram problem. The first one uses an iterative relocation of vertices based on scanlines. This algorithm explicitly accounts for induced shape error. The second one is based on the Gridfit technique, which uses pixel-based distortion based on a quadtree-like data structure. The basic idea is to insert pixels, the number of which corresponds to a statistical parameter, into the data structure and distort the pixels such that every pixel obtains a unique, nonoverlapping position. Relocation of vertices of the map are positioned using the same distortion. We discuss the results obtained from both methods, compare their shape and area trade-offs as well as their efficiency, and show results from different applications.
Fabrication of regular silicon microstructures by photo‐electrochemical etching of silicon (2005)

The cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1].
Effective multiobjective MDO for conceptual design : an aircraft design perspective (2007)

Once the requirements for a new aircraft have been defined, the Conceptual design phase is launched. During this phase one or more designers have the goal of defining and investigating a number of alternative solutions. Through discussion with industry it has become apparent that optimisation tools are seldom used, even though these could greatly enhance the work of the designers.&#13;\nThe objective of the work carried forward has been of identifying, comparing and where necessary improving the most suitable techniques, as well as schemes for their integration, in order to perform effectively Multidisciplinary Design and Optimisation (MDO) in the Conceptual phase of the aircraft design. The techniques that have been investigated include: multi-objective optimisation algorithms, MDO algorithms for treating non-hierarchically decomposable systems and Automatic Differentiation (AD).&#13;\nAs a result an algorithm for performing multiobjective MDO has been developed. Given a complete model for a complex non-hierarchically decomposable system and given a number of objectives and constraints, the algorithm is capable of determining a set of well distributed solutions, representative of both local and global Pareto frontiers.&#13;\nA number of test cases have been used for evaluating the alternative methodologies and the proposed algorithm. These include a set of complex algebraic test cases typically used for evaluating global optimisation algorithms and a simplified aircraft conceptual design model, which was provided by industry.&#13;\nThe results demonstrate the unique capability of the algorithm of determining well distributed solutions on the global and local Pareto frontiers for global multiobjective continuous nonlinear constrained optimisation problems. The results also show this capability when the algorithm is applied to non-hierarchically decomposable systems, as typically encountered when performing MDO. Further work could extend the approach in order to handle mixed discrete/continuous variables.