gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Squeezing of photon-number fluctuations in the frequency range wider than 300 MHz in light-emitting diodes at room temperature (2000)

We present the experimental results on the squeezing of photon-number fluctuations in tailor-made light-emitting diodes (LED’s). In the LED, a highly p-doped separate confinement heterostructure is adopted as the active region to shorten the radiative recombination lifetime. In addition, a photodiode is monolithically integrated with the LED to enhance the photon-collection efficiency, which allows strong squeezing. The squeezing below the standard quantum-limit level over a wide frequency range, near-dc to 300 MHz, at room temperature and the maximum squeezing depths, 0.86 dB at room temperature and 2.6 dB at low temperature, are demonstrated.
Structural characterization and activation energy of NiTiO3 nanopowders prepared by the co-precipitation and impregnation with calcinations (2013)

In this paper, we report on the formation of novel hexagonal NiTiO 3 nanopowders synthesized by the impregnation or co-precipitation methods through the thermal decomposition reaction of the precursors. The decomposition course was followed using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The intermediate decomposition products as well as the formed titanate were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRD patterns of the precursors calcined at 1000 °C showed the formation of the single ilmenite-type rhombohedral structure only with the impregnated precursor, while with the precipitated NiTiO 3 powders one it indicates the presence of some NiO and TiO 2 impurities. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited loosely agglomerated hexagonal particles with uniform morphology having a size around 61 nm. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements showed a type III isotherm with calculated surface area of 152 m 2 / g. The plot of ln σ ac vs. temperature as a function of frequency indicates a semiconducting behavior with ferroelectric phase transition at 605 K. The calculated activation in the ferroelectric region is 0.93 eV suggests the predominance of hopping conduction mechanism. Kinetic analysis of TG data according to different integral methods showed that in the NiC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O–TiO 2 precursor, the water molecules are coordinately bounded and the presence of TiO 2 reduces the activation energy needed to the oxalate decomposition reaction.
A photometric investigation of ultra-efficient LEDs with high color rendering index and high luminous efficacy employing nanocrystal quantum dot luminophores (2009)

We report a photometric study of ultra-efficient light emitting diodes (LEDs) that exhibit superior color rendering index (CRI) and luminous efficacy of optical radiation (LER) using semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystal (NC) luminophores. Over 200 million systematically varied NC-LED designs have been simulated to understand feasible performance in terms of CRI vs. LER. We evaluated the effects of design parameters including peak emission wavelength, full-width-at-half-maximum, and relative amplitudes of each NC color component on LED performance. Warm-white LEDs with CRI >90 and LER >380 lm/W at a correlated color temperature of 3000 K are shown to be achieved using nanocrystal luminophores.
Mitochondrial transfer from induced pluripotent stem cells rescues developmental potential of in vitro fertilized embryos from aging females† (2021)

Conventional heterologous mitochondrial replacement therapy is clinically complicated by "tri-parental" ethical concerns and limited source of healthy donor oocytes or zygotes. Autologous mitochondrial transfer is a promising alternative in rescuing poor oocyte quality and impaired embryo developmental potential associated with mitochondrial disorders, including aging. However, the efficacy and safety of mitochondrial transfer from somatic cells remains largely controversial, and unsatisfying outcomes may be due to distinct mitochondrial state in somatic cells from that in oocytes. Here, we propose a potential strategy for improving in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes of aging female patients via mitochondrial transfer from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Using naturally aging mice and well-established cell lines as models, we found iPS cells and oocytes share similar mitochondrial morphology and functions, whereas the mitochondrial state in differentiated somatic cells is substantially different. By microinjection of isolated mitochondria into fertilized oocytes following IVF, our results indicate that mitochondrial transfer from iPS, but not MEF cells, can rescue the impaired developmental potential of embryos from aging female mice and obtain an enhanced implantation rate following embryo transfer. The beneficial effect may be explained by the fact that mitochondrial transfer from iPS cells not only compensates for aging-associated loss of mtDNA, but also rescues mitochondrial metabolism of subsequent preimplantation embryos. Using mitochondria from iPS cells as the donor, our study not only proposes a promising strategy for improving IVF outcomes of aging females, but also highlights the importance of synchronous mitochondrial state in supporting embryo developmental potential.
SRT division architectures and implementations (2002)

SRT [Sweeney, Robertson and Tocher (1958)] dividers are common in modern floating point units. Higher division performance is achieved by retiring more quotient bits in each cycle. Previous research has shown that realistic stages are limited to radix-2 and radix-4. Higher radix dividers are therefore formed by a combination of low-radix stages. In this paper, we present an analysis of the effects of radix-2 and radix-4 SRT divider architectures and circuit families on divider area and performance. We show the performance and area results for a wide variety of divider architectures and implementations. We conclude that divider performance is only weakly sensitive to reasonable choices of architecture but significantly improved by aggressive circuit techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Chiral Binaphthyl Disulfide: A Potentially Useful Reagent for Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparative study of retinal vessel segmentation methods on a new publicly available database (2004)

In this work we compare the performance of a number of vessel segmentation algorithms on a newly constructed retinal vessel image database. Retinal vessel segmentation is important for the detection of numerous eye diseases and plays an important role in automatic retinal disease screening systems. A large number of methods for retinal vessel segmentation have been published, yet an evaluation of these methods on a common database of screening images has not been performed. To compare the performance of retinal vessel segmentation methods we have constructed a large database of retinal images. The database contains forty images in which the vessel trees have been manually segmented. For twenty of those forty images a second independent manual segmentation is available. This allows for a comparison between the performance of automatic methods and the performance of a human observer. The database is available to the research community. Interested researchers are encouraged to upload their segmentation results to our website (http://www.isi.uu.nl/Research/Databases). The performance of five different algorithms has been compared. Four of these methods have been implemented as described in the literature. The fifth pixel classification based method was developed specifically for the segmentation of retinal vessels and is the only supervised method in this test. We define the segmentation accuracy with respect to our gold standard as the performance measure. Results show that the pixel classification method performs best, but the second observer still performs significantly better.
Antipsychotic monotherapy and adjuvant psychotropic therapies in schizophrenia patients (2012)

This study assessed the relationship between pharmacological regimens at hospital discharge and hospital readmission among schizophrenia patients. The records reviewed were all consecutive admissions (N=720) from a specific catchment area during the period 1991-2005. Two main groups were selected for analysis: the first group (N=537) included patients discharged with first-generation antipsychotics (FGA), and the second group (N=183) included patients with second-generation antipsychotics (SGA). Data on clinical and demographic characteristics at discharge, including a brief psychiatric rating scale and pharmacological treatment, were collected. The rate of readmission within 12 months was analyzed in relation to the specific pharmacological treatment at discharge. There was no significant difference in the risk of readmission in patients treated with SGA compared with FGA. Adjuvant psychotropic medications to either FGA or SGA did not attenuate the risk of readmission. The readmission rate in patients treated with clozapine (N=74) was significantly lower in comparison with depot FGA (N=293) medications (P=0.016). There was no advantage of SGA over FGA, with or without adjuvant psychotropic treatment, with regard to rehospitalization risk during the 12-month follow-up. Clozapine was found to reduce the risk for readmission in comparison with depot FGA.
System for the automated segmentation of heads from arbitrary background (2011)

We propose a system for the fully automated segmentation of frontal human head portraits from arbitrary unknown background. No user interaction is required at all, as the system is initialized using a standard eye detector. Using this semantic information, the head region is projected into a normalized polar reference frame. Regional and boundary models are learned from the image data to setup an energy function for segmentation. A robust non-local boundary detection scheme is proposed, which minimizes the similarity of fore - and background regions. Additionally, a shape model learned from a large set of manually segmented images is employed as prior information to encourage the segmentation of plausible head shapes. Segmentation is performed as an iterative optimization process, using two different graph-based algorithms.
Effect of magnesium-based peroxide bleaching on paper properties (2013)

A highly purified, technical grade magnesium hydroxide-based alkali product was used in the hydrogen peroxide bleaching of high brightness mechanical softwood Norwegian spruce (Picea abies) pulp. The effects of this bleaching on the properties of paper made on a laboratory scale, both with and without precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) filler, were evaluated. Magnesium hydroxide-based bleaching was compared to traditional bleaching with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate which was used as a reference. Good brightness was obtained with a relatively small alkali dose compared to the reference sample. A higher tensile strength and a higher sheet bulk were also obtained. Unfilled sheets containing only the purified magnesium hydroxidebased bleached mechanical pulp showed improved light scattering properties, which suggests a high retention of fines. In PCC filler retention experiments with a Dynamic Drainage Jar, the purified magnesium hydroxide-based bleaching gave a very high PCC filler retention when used with a small dose of a cationic retention aid. When typical doses of retention aid and filler were used in making handsheets, Mg(OH)2- based bleaching had however only minor effects on the internal bonding, tear strength and bending stiffness.
Seed Source Effect on Field Emergence of Soybean Lines with Reduced Phytate and Raffinose Saccharides (2003)

Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines homozygous for the mips allele ( mips lines) have reduced phytate P and raffinose saccharides in the protein meal. Less phytate is desirable for reducing the P content of manure from nonruminant animals and less raffinose saccharides increases the amount of metabolizable energy available to them. Field trials indicated that seedling emergence percentage of mips lines was less for seed produced in a subtropical environment than a temperate environment. The objective of this study was to determine if field emergence of mips lines is influenced by the environment used for seed production. Seed of six mips lines and four commercial cultivars ( Mips lines) produced in four temperate and 12 subtropical environments during 2 yr was evaluated for field emergence percentage, seed viability percentage, and germination percentage in warm germination, cold vigor, and accelerated aging tests. The field emergence percentage of mips lines was significantly less than Mips lines for all seed sources. The mips lines had a mean field emergence of 63% for temperate sources and 8% for subtropical sources while Mips lines had a mean field emergence of 77% for temperate sources and 83% for subtropical sources. The mean seed viability percentage for the mips lines based on the tetrazolium test of 88% for temperate sources and 70% for subtropical sources accounted for only part of the differences in field emergence. Differences in field emergence between the mips and Mips lines were not consistently predicted by the warm germination and cold vigor tests for temperate sources. The accelerated aging test effectively differentiated the field emergence potential of the mips and Mips lines for all seed sources. Seed source should be a consideration when evaluating the field emergence of mips lines in a breeding program or for obtaining acceptable plant populations in commercial fields.
A Vacuum-Compatible Air Bearing: Design Analysis and Optimization (2007)

This paper describes the vacuum-compatible air bearing designed with a cascaded exhaust scheme to minimize the leakage of air in a vacuum environment. The design of the air bearing, including the differential exhaust system, required great care because several design parameters, such as the number of exhaust stages, diameter and length of the exhaust tube, pumping speed and ultimate pressure of the vacuum pump, and seal length and gap greatly influenced the leakage of air and thus the degree of vacuum. A leakage analysis was performed to estimate the chamber pressure and an optimization method based on the genetic algorithm was proposed under several constraint conditions. The results showed that the degree of vacuum improved dramatically compared to the initial design, and that the distribution of the spatial design parameters and technical limit of the pumping speed were well achieved.
Robust Cu Dual Damascene Interconnects With Porous SiOCH Films Fabricated by Low-Damage Multi-Hard-Mask Etching Technology (2006)

Low-damage hard-mask (HM) plasma-etching technology for porous SiOCH film (k=2.6) has been developed for robust 65-nm-node Cu dual damascene interconnects (DDIs). No damage is introduced by fluorocarbon plasma etching irrespective of whether rigid (k=2.9) or porous (k=2.6) SiOCH films are used, due to the protective CF-polymer layer deposited on the etched sidewall. The etching selectivity of the SiOCH films to the inorganic HMs is kept high by controlling the radical ratio of carbon relative to oxygen in the etching plasma gas. However, oxidation damage penetrates the films from the sidewalls due to the O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma used for photoresist ashing. This damage is increased by the porous structure. As a result, we developed a via-first multi-hard-mask process for the DD structure in porous SiOCH film with no exposure to O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -ashing plasma, and we controlled the via-taper angle by RF bias during etching. We fabricated robust Cu DDIs with tapered vias in porous SiOCH film that can be applied to 65-nm-node ULSIs and beyond
Nonequilibrium Lattice Fluid Modeling of Gas Solubility in HAB-6FDA Polyimide and Its Thermally Rearranged Analogues (2016)

For the first time, a theoretical analysis of gas sorption, based on the nonequilibrium lattice fluid (NELF) model, in chemically imidized HAB-6FDA polyimide and its thermally rearranged analogues is presented. Because of the inaccessibility of pVT data in the rubbery region, the characteristic lattice fluid parameters of the polymers considered in this study were obtained from a collection of infinite dilution solubility data at multiple temperatures. Hydrogen, nitrogen, and methane sorption isotherms at 35 °C were fit to the NELF model using one adjustable parameter, i.e., the polymer–penetrant binary interaction parameter, k12. The optimal value of k12 for each polymer–penetrant pair was used to predict hydrogen, nitrogen, and methane sorption isotherms at other temperatures and at pressures up to 6 MPa. For carbon dioxide, a second adjustable parameter, the swelling coefficient, was introduced to account for sorption-induced matrix dilation. The ideal solubility–selectivity is also predicted for several gas pairs. The increase in gas sorption in thermally rearranged samples relative to their polyimide precursor is essentially due to entropic effects, i.e., to the increase in nonequilibrium fractional free volume during thermal rearrangement.
Special Section Guest Editorial:Radiomics and Imaging Genomics: Quantitative Imaging for Precision Medicine (2015)

The <i>Journal of Medical Imaging</i> (JMI) allows for the peer-reviewed communication and archiving of fundamental and translational research, as well as applications, focused on medical imaging, a field that continues to benefit from technological improvements and yield biomedical advancements in the early detection, diagnostics, and therapy of disease as well as in the understanding of normal conditions.
Nichtproteinogene Aminosäurebausteine für Peptidgerüste aus nichtribosomalen Peptiden und hybriden Polyketiden (2013)

Abstract Frei vorkommende nichtproteinogene Aminosäuren sind schon lange wegen ihrer antimetabolen Eigenschaften bekannt. Entdeckt werden sie meist aufgrund der Reaktivität gegenüber der katalytischen Wirkung der Zielenzyme. Führt man sie regiospezifisch in biogene Peptide und Proteine ein, kann es möglich werden, eine neue Ära der Medizinalchemie an der Grenze zwischen kleinen und großen Wirkstoffen einzuleiten. Außerdem eröffnet die ortsspezifische Funktionalisierung von Proteinen besonders attraktive Strategien für die posttranslationale Proteinmodifizierung. Auch bieten viele der Aminosäuren, die von der Natur nicht für den Einbau in Proteine ausgewählt wurden, reiche architektonische Möglichkeiten bei Einführung in ribosomal hergestellte Polypeptide. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die Biosynthesewege zu den wichtigsten Klassen nichtkanonischer Bausteine und deren Stoffwechsellogik zusammen, die in nichtribosomalen Peptidgerüsten und nichtribosomalen Peptid‐Polyketid‐Hybriden resultieren.
Scheduling in multi-channel wireless networks (2009)

We consider the problem of designing scheduling algorithms for the downlink of cellular wireless networks where bandwidth is partitioned into tens to hundreds of parallel channels, each of which can be allocated to a possibly different user in each time slot. We prove that a class of algorithms called Iterated Longest Queues First (iLQF) algorithms achieves the smallest buffer overflow probability in an appropriate large deviations sense. The class of iLQF algorithms is quite different from the class of max-weight policies which have been studied extensively in the literature, and it achieves much better performance in the regimes studied in this paper.
Privacy-preserving harmonization via distributed ComBat (2021)

Challenges in clinical data sharing and the need to protect data privacy have led to the development and popularization of methods that do not require directly transferring patient data. In neuroimaging, integration of data across multiple institutions also introduces unwanted biases driven by scanner differences. These scanner effects have been shown by several research groups to severely affect downstream analyses. To facilitate the need of removing scanner effects in a distributed data setting, we introduce distributed ComBat, an adaptation of a popular harmonization method for multivariate data that borrows information across features. We present our fast and simple distributed algorithm and show that it yields equivalent results using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Our method enables harmonization while ensuring maximal privacy protection, thus facilitating a broad range of downstream analyses in functional and structural imaging studies.
Histological and Gross Evaluation through Second-Look Arthroscopy of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus after Failed Treatment with Particulated Juvenile Cartilage: A Case Series. (2018)

There were no obvious patients or surgical factors associated with poor outcomes. Integration of PJCAT with surrounding cartilage appears to be affected by biological and mechanical factors. Further, understanding of factors influencing PJCAT integration will help develop more specific indications for use.
Cooperative cellular networks using multi-user MIMO: trade-offs, overheads, and interference control across architectures (2011)

Multi-user multiple-input multiple-output can be viewed as an interference control technique relying on cooperative transmission and/or reception over multiple antennas. A cooperating set of antennas can be collocated at a common cell site or distributed across multiple sites. As such, MUMIMO can be applied to a wide variety of architectures ranging from traditional cellular to more elaborate intertwined cooperative designs. We consider examples of such MU-MIMO architectures, and study the impact the scheduling criterion, cell density, and coordination can have on the average and cell edge user rates across different designs. Importantly, MU-MIMO has inherent physical layer overheads, which, as the examples illustrate, depend on the degree of coordination and the architecture. Such overhead considerations are very important in assessing net rates and, depending on the scenario, can motivate designs using less cooperation.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (2008)

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