gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Target Strategies in Infantile Nystagmus Patients With Horizontal Jerk Waveform (2018)

The aim of this study was to propose a new pathophysiological hypothesis for involuntary eye oscillation in infantile nystagmus (IN): patients with IN exhibit impaired gaze fixation, horizontal smooth pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and use saccadic eye movements for these underlying impairments. In order to induce saccades, they make enough angle between gaze and target by precedent exponential slow eye movements. IN consists of the alternate appearance of the saccade and the slow eye movements. Unlike most previous theories, IN is therefore considered a necessary strategy allowing for better vision and not an obstacle to clear vision. In five patients with IN, eye movements were analyzed during the smooth pursuit test, saccadic eye movement test, OKN test and vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) test. Their gaze fixation, horizontal smooth pursuit, OKN and the last half of the slow phase of VOR were impaired. The lines obtained by connection of the end eye positions of fast phase of nystagmus coincided with the trajectories of targets. The findings indicate that patients followed the target by the fast but not the slow phase of nystagmus, which supports our hypothesis. By setting the direction of slow phase of nystagmus opposite to the direction of the OKN stimulation, enough angle can be effectively made between the gaze and target for the induction of saccade. This is the mechanism of reversed OKN response. In darkness and when eyes are closed, IN weakens because there is no visual target and neither the saccade for catching up the target or slow phase for induction of the saccade is needed.
A Potent and Selective ULK1 Inhibitor Suppresses Autophagy and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Nutrient Stress (2018)

In response to stress, cancer cells generate nutrients and energy through a cellular recycling process called autophagy, which can promote survival and tumor progression. Accordingly, autophagy inhibition has emerged as a potential cancer treatment strategy. Inhibitors targeting ULK1, an essential and early autophagy regulator, have provided proof of concept for targeting this kinase to inhibit autophagy; however, these are limited individually in their potency, selectivity, or cellular activity. In this study, we report two small molecule ULK1 inhibitors, ULK-100 and ULK-101, and establish superior potency and selectivity over a noteworthy published inhibitor. Moreover, we show that ULK-101 suppresses autophagy induction and autophagic flux in response to different stimuli. Finally, we use ULK-101 to demonstrate that ULK1 inhibition sensitizes KRAS mutant lung cancer cells to nutrient stress. ULK-101 represents a powerful molecular tool to study the role of autophagy in cancer cells and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of autophagy inhibition.
The Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor ABX-1431 Does Not Improve Alcoholic Liver Disease (2023)

<b>Introduction:</b> Excessive alcohol consumption can result in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). There is no FDA-approved drug to specifically treat ALD and current management approaches have limited efficacy. Past studies indicate that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition can have a positive impact on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the effect of MAGL inhibition in ALD has not been reported. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> We tested the highly selective and clinically evaluated MAGL inhibitor ABX-1431 in the Lieber-DeCarli liquid alcohol diet-induced model of ALD in C57BL/6 mice. <b>Results:</b> ABX-1431 failed to reduce ALD-associated steatosis and elevated levels of liver enzymes associated with hepatic injury. Furthermore, survival rate declined with increasing doses of ABX-1431 when compared with mice administered vehicle only. <b>Conclusion:</b> These data suggest that MAGL inhibition does not improve ALD and is unlikely to be a good strategy for this condition.
Security optical systems based on a joint transform correlator with significant output images (2001)

An improved optical security system based on correlation between two phase-only computer generated masks is proposed. The two phase masks are placed together at the input plane of a joint transform correlator. A priori known output image is obtained in the system output only if one mask is the right key for the other mask. In addition to a simple verification, our security system is capable of identifying the type of an input mask according to the corresponding output image that it generates. The two phase masks are designed using an iterative optimization algorithm with constraints in the input and output domains. Computer simulations are presented with the resultant images formed by the two phase-only elements.
Flow cytometric sorting and RFLP analysis of phosphate accumulating bacteria in an enhanced biological phosphorus removal system (2002)

Phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindol dihydrochloride (DAPI) at polyphosphate probing concentration were sorted from enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) sludge by flow cytometric sorting. All the genome DNA was extracted from the sorted bacteria and the 16S rDNA genes were cloned. Cloned 16S rDNA was PCR-amplified and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Eighty eight clones were analyzed and the RFLP patterns which appeared more than twice were classified into seven groups. The most dominant group (Group 1) contained four clones and accounted for 4.5% of the total clones. Four groups (from Group 2 to Group 5) contained three clones. Group 6 and 7 consisted of two clones. Sixty-eight clones gave unique RFLP patterns. By sequencing 16S rDNA in seven groups, Group 1, 2 and 5 were Rhodocyclus relatives (11%, 10/88). Rhodocyclus relatives were suggested to be one of the bacteria responsible for EBPR in this sludge. Groups 6 and 7 were related to b- or g-Proteobacteria. Group 4 belonged to e-Proteobacteria. Group 3 was related to green nonsulfur bacteria. Considering the complex RFLP pattern and the existence of the groups not related to Rhodocyclus by sequence analysis, in this EBPR system, together with Rhodocyclus relatives, some other bacteria might also play a role as PAOs.
Teriparatide [rhPTH (1-34)], But Not Strontium Ranelate, Demonstrated Bone Anabolic Efficacy in Mature, Osteopenic, Ovariectomized Rats (2011)

We compared teriparatide (TPTD) and strontium ranelate (SR) efficacy on bone formation activity in a mature rat model of estrogen-deficiency bone loss. Rats were ovariectomized (OVX) at age 6 months and permitted to lose bone for 2 months to establish osteopenia before initiation of treatment with TPTD (5 or 15 μg/kg · d sc) or SR (150 or 450 mg/kg · d oral gavage). After 3 wk, RT-PCR analyses of bone formation genes in the distal femur metaphysis showed significant elevation of collagen 1α2, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, and Runx2 gene expression at both TPTD doses, relative to OVX controls. SR had no significant effect on expression of these genes. TPTD treatment for 12 wk dose dependently increased lumbar vertebral (LV) and femoral midshaft bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density over pretreatment and age-matched OVX controls. SR 150 increased BMC, and SR 450 increased BMC and bone mineral density of femoral midshaft and LV over OVX controls. There were significant dose-dependent TPTD increases of LV and femoral neck strength, and TPTD 15 also increased midshaft strength compared with pretreatment and age-matched OVX controls. SR did not enhance bone strength relative to pretreatment or age-matched OVX controls. Histomorphometry of the proximal tibial metaphysis showed dose-dependent effects of TPTD on trabecular area, number, width, and osteoblast surface, bone mineralizing surface, and bone formation rate relative to pretreatment and age-matched OVX controls, whereas SR had no effect on these parameters. These findings confirmed the bone anabolic efficacy of teriparatide, but not SR in mature, osteopenic, OVX rats.
G protein–coupled receptor 21 deletion improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice (2012)

Obesity-induced inflammation is a key component of systemic insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. A major driver of this inflammation/insulin resistance syndrome is the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue and liver. We found that the orphan GPCR Gpr21 was highly expressed in the hypothalamus and macrophages of mice and that whole-body KO of this receptor led to a robust improvement in glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity and a modest lean phenotype. The improvement in insulin sensitivity in the high-fat diet-fed (HFD-fed) Gpr21 KO mouse was traced to a marked reduction in tissue inflammation caused by decreased chemotaxis of Gpr21 KO macrophages into adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, mice lacking macrophage expression of Gpr21 were protected from HFD-induced inflammation and displayed improved insulin sensitivity. Results of in vitro chemotaxis studies in human monocytes suggested that the defect in chemotaxis observed ex vivo and in vivo in mice is also translatable to humans. Cumulatively, our data indicate that GPR21 has a critical function in coordinating macrophage proinflammatory activity in the context of obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Cost-sensitive Learning for Utility Optimization in Online Advertising Auctions (2017)

One of the most challenging problems in computational advertising is the prediction of click-through and conversion rates for bidding in online advertising auctions. An unaddressed problem in previous approaches is the existence of highly non-uniform misprediction costs. While for model evaluation these costs have been taken into account through recently proposed business-aware offline metrics -- such as the Utility metric which measures the impact on advertiser profit -- this is not the case when training the models themselves. In this paper, to bridge the gap, we formally analyze the relationship between optimizing the Utility metric and the log loss, which is considered as one of the state-of-the-art approaches in conversion modeling. Our analysis motivates the idea of weighting the log loss with the business value of the predicted outcome. We present and analyze a new cost weighting scheme and show that significant gains in offline and online performance can be achieved.
Conductivity tensor of anisotropic composite media from the microstructure (1990)

Perturbation expansions and rigorous bounds on the effective conductivity tensor σe of d-dimensional anisotropic two-phase composite media of arbitrary topology have recently been shown by the authors to depend upon the set of n-point probability functions S(i)1,..., S(i)n. S(i)n gives the probability of simultaneously finding n points in phase i (i=1,2). Here we describe a means of representing these statistical quantities for distributions of identical, oriented inclusions of arbitrary shape. Our results are applied by computing second-order perturbation expansions and bounds for a certain distribution of oriented cylinders with a finite aspect ratio. We examine both cases of conducting cylindrical inclusions in an insulating matrix and of insulating cracks or voids in a conducting matrix.
Steroids can reduce warm ischemic reperfusion injury in a porcine donation after circulatory death model withex vivolung perfusion evaluation (2016)

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) is being used to increase the number of transplantable organs. The role and timing of steroids in DCD donation and ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of steroids on warm ischemic injury in a porcine model (n = 6/group). Following cardiac arrest, grafts were left untouched in the donor (90-min warm ischemia). Graft function was assessed after 6 h of EVLP. In the MP group, 500 mg methylprednisolone was given prior to cardiac arrest and during EVLP. In the CONTR group, no steroids were added. Median lung compliance (13 ml/cmH<sub>2</sub> 0) was significantly better preserved in the CONTR group than in the MP group (30.5 ml/cmH<sub>2</sub> 0). Also, median wet-to-dry weight (6.11 vs. 6.94) and CT density (182.5 vs. 352.9 g/l) were significantly better in the MP group than in the CONTR group, respectively. There was no difference in oxygenation and pulmonary vascular resistance. Perfusate cytokine analysis showed a significant reduction in IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-α, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in MP. Cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage were not decreased except for IFN-gamma. We demonstrated that warm ischemic injury in DCD donation can be attenuated by steroids when given prior to warm ischemia and during EVLP. Ethical context of donor preconditioning should be discussed further.
Development and applications of laser peening without coating as a surface enhancement technology (2006)

Laser peening without coating (LPwC) is an innovative surface enhancement technology to mitigate fatigue and stress corrosion of metallic materials by imparting a compressive residual stress. Toshiba has established a process without coating, whereas the coating is inevitably required in conventional process of laser peening to protect the surface from melting. Since the energy of laser pulses in LPwC is significantly small compared to that in the conventional process, a commercially available Nd:YAG laser can be used, and moreover, an optical fiber can be utilized to deliver the laser pulses. Compressive residual stress nearly equal to the yield strength of the materials was introduced on the surface after LPwC. The depth of the compressive residual stress reaches 1 mm or more from the surface. High-cycle fatigue tests proved that LPwC significantly prolonged the fatigue lives despite the increase in surface roughness due to ablative interaction of laser pulses with material surface. Accelerating stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests showed that LPwC completely prevents SCC of sensitized austenitic stainless steels, nickel-base alloys and their weld metals. LPwC has been used since 1999 to prevent SCC of core shrouds or nozzle welds of ten nuclear power reactors of both boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) types, already covering nearly one fifth of the existing nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Japan.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from Pivotal Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Anthracycline Chemotherapy of Established Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from Pivotal Role of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Anthracycline Chemotherapy of Established Tumors
Incremental Learning Vector Auto Regression for Forecasting with Edge Devices (2021)

It is common to forecast time-series data in a cloud server environment by building a forecasting model after collecting all the time-series data at the server-side. However, this may not be efficient in time-critical forecasting, control, and decision-making due to high latency, bandwidth, and network connectivity issues. Hence, edge devices can be employed to make quick forecasting on a real-time basis. However, due to limited computing resources and processing power, edge devices cannot handle a huge volume of multivariate time-series data. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an algorithm that trains and updates a forecasting model incrementally. This can be done by using a small chunk of multivariate time-series data without sacrificing the forecasting accuracy, while training and inference can be executed in the edge device itself. In this context, we propose a new forecasting method called Incremental Learning Vector Auto Regression (ILVAR). It works by minimizing the variance difference between actual and forecasted values as a new chunk of time-series data arrives sequentially and thereby it updates the forecasting model incrementally. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were performed on 11 publicly available datasets from diverse domains using Raspberry Pi-2 as an edge device and evaluated using five metrics such as MAPE, RMSE, $\mathrm{R}^{2}$ score, Computational time, and Memory consumption for 1-step and 24-step ahead forecasting tasks. The performance was compared with the state-of-the-art methods such as Vector Auto Regression (VAR), Incremental Learning Extreme Learning Machine (ILELM), and Incremental Learning Long Short-Term Memory (ILLSTM). These experimental results suggest that our proposed method performs better than existing methods and is able to achieve the desired performance for forecasting with edge devices.
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity and Thermoelectric Properties of Rb2Bi8Se13 (2020)

Complex bismuth chalcogenides are narrow band gap semiconductors with intrinsic low thermal conductivity, which exhibit high potential as highly efficient thermoelectric materials. Here, we assess the basic thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline Rb2Bi8Se13 in the temperature range 300–823 K as well as performance-optimizing strategies. We find that the as-made bulk samples are single phase with the monoclinic crystal structure (P21/m) and crystallize in layer morphology. The pristine sample exhibits an exceedingly low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.6–0.46 W·m–1·K–1 at 300–823 K, which derives from strong lattice anharmonicity, large Grüneisen parameters, and low phonon velocities induced by the complex crystal structure with heavy atom Bi and a large unit cell. The Cl doping successfully enhances the carrier concentration in Rb2Bi8Se13 with a negligible impact on the electronic band structure, displaying common doping behaviors. Se vacancy, on the contrary, leads to n-type doping and enhances the effective mass and power factors more significantly. Consequently, a maximum ZT of ∼0.75 at 823 K for the 0.3% Se-vacancy-doped sample is obtained.
Resorbable Bilayer Membrane Made of L-Lactide-ε-Caprolactone in Guided Bone Regeneration: An In Vivo Experimental Study (2023)

Insufficient oral ridge tissue presents a challenge in the treatment of dental implants. One method to enhance alveolar crest dimensions is guided bone regeneration (GBR); however, existing membranes have certain limitations. To address this issue, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of a resorbable bilayer membrane composed of poly(l-lactic acid) and poly(-caprolactone) （PLACL）with that of a collagen membrane（COL） in a rat GBR model. The rat calvaria was used as an experimental model by placing a plastic cylinder. Forty male Fisher rats underwent surgery, and micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses were performed to assess bone regeneration. The results showed that bone regeneration was similar across all the groups. However, after 24 weeks, the PLACL membrane demonstrated significant resilience, occasional partial degradation, and intermittent air bubble formation. This extended preservation of the barrier effect has great potential to facilitate optimal bone regeneration. In conclusion, this study shows that the PLACL membrane is a promising alternative to GBR. By providing a durable barrier and supporting bone regeneration over an extended period, this resorbable bilayer membrane may address the limitations of the current membranes. Further studies and clinical trials are warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of this drug in humans.
STT-MRAM: A Robust Embedded Non-Volatile Memory with Superior Reliability and Immunity to External Magnetic Field and RF Sources (2021)

We report STT-MRAM’s robustness, superior reliability and immunity performance to external magnetic field and RF sources for next-generation embedded-MRAM (eMRAM) technology based on 22FDX®+RF+MRAM. Using 40Mb eMRAM integrated in 22FDX®, we demonstrate Write/Read repeatability performance with BER variation of <0.2 PPM with ECC-OFF and zero failure with ECC-ON at -40~125°C. We show angle dependence of standby magnetic immunity and ways to improve it with optimized shielding designs. Using a specially designed RF-MRAM EMI chip, we demonstrate no impact of RF interference on MRAM and vice versa. Furthermore, using optimized MTJ process, design and testing schemes, we show <2 PPM post 5x solder reflow performance and zero mean endurance failure after 100K cycles at -40°C.
Measurements of optical losses in thin films (2000)

Summary form only. Three experimental approaches for detection of optical losses in thin films for the telecommunication wavelength region are discussed. These techniques are cavity ring down spectroscopy, photothermal and propagation loss methods. Results for thin film loss evaluation in various applications are shown.
Theoretical Analysis of Center Frequency and Bandwidth Tunable Resonator Employing Coupled Line and Switches (2019)

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a tunable resonator using a coupled line and switches for the first time. The tunable resonator has the capability to tune its resonant frequency and bandwidth. The resonator has two suitable features on its tunable capability. The first feature is that the resonator retains its resonant frequency during bandwidth tuning. The second feature is that the on-state switch for tuning the bandwidth does not affect the insertion loss at the resonant frequency. These features are theoretically confirmed by its mathematically derived input impedance. The results from electromagnetic simulation and measurement of the fabricated tunable resonator also confirm these features. The fabricated tunable resonator changes the resonant frequency from 2.6 GHz to 6.4 GHz and bandwidth between 9% and 55%.
Electrochemical Corrosion and Protection of Molybdenum and Molybdenum Disilicide in a Molten Soda‐Lime Silicate Glass Environment (1996)

Electrochemical corrosion of Mo and MoSi 2 in a molten soda‐lime silicate glass environment was studied using a two‐electrode cell with Pt as the counterelectrode. XRD, SEM, and EDS were used to characterize the corroded specimens. When Mo was cathodically polarized (‐1 V), no corrosion and a Mo surface were observed after 12 h of electrochemical corrosion. Under anodic polarization (+1 V), higher corrosion (0.42 mm) was observed due to formation of MoO 2 , which did not form a coherent passive layer. Cathodic protection occurred by electrostatic repulsion of oxygen ions, thus discouraging oxidation of Mo. Anodically polarized (+1 V) MoSi 2 showed a significant decrease in recession at the glass line due to formation of SiO 2 product which attenuated convective flow currents. Accelerated corrosion was observed under cathodic polarization (‐1 V), where streams of Mo particles were observed flowing downward in the melt. MoSi 2 was interpreted to decompose into neutral molybdenum and silicon anions, which were rejected into the melt.
Million Cycle Overwritable Phase Change Optical Disk Media (1989)

GeTe-Sb2Te3-Sb pseudo ternary components alloy shows laser induced fast crystallization speed. Increasing the Sb concentration leads to higher crystallization temperature around 180°C. Thin film disk structure of 20nm active layer produce stable bit error rate characteristics of more than million cycle over-write.