gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-12 and IL-18 Are Increased and Stimulate IFN-γ Production in Sarcoid Lungs (2001)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic chronic granulomatous disease of unknown cause. Recent investigations revealed that the cytokine profile in inflamed lesions of sarcoidosis is Th1 dominant. To obtain better immunopathologic understanding of sarcoidosis, we examined the expression of IL-12 and IL-18 and their roles in IFN-gamma production in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoid cases had significantly elevated levels of IL-12 (p40 and p70) and IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids compared with healthy subjects. IL-12 p70 and IL-18 were immunohistochemically expressed in the epithelioid cells and giant cells of sarcoid granulomas. Significant induction of IFN-gamma, IL-12 p70, and IL-18 was observed from sarcoid BAL fluid cells with LPS stimulation, whereas LPS tended to induce only IL-12 p70 in BAL fluid cells from healthy subjects. Sarcoid cases had significantly greater IFN-gamma induction with LPS stimulation than healthy subjects did. IL-18 mRNA expression was observed in freshly isolated sarcoid BAL fluid cells as well as in LPS-stimulated sarcoid BAL fluid cells, but IFN-gamma and IL-12 mRNA expression was observed only in LPS-stimulated BAL fluid cells. Treatment with anti-IL-12- and anti-IL-18-neutralizing Abs significantly inhibited IFN-gamma production from LPS-stimulated BAL fluid cells of sarcoid cases. Coadministration of rIL-12 or rIL-18 induced greater IFN-gamma production in sarcoid BAL fluid cells than in normal BAL fluid cells. We concluded that bioactive IL-12 and IL-18 were produced in sarcoid BAL fluid cells and synergistically induced IFN-gamma production, indicating important cytokines in the Th1 response of sarcoidosis.
Test and evaluation of Arizona slip-away base luminaire supports (1994)

A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact performance of ADOT's slip-away base luminaire supports. For purposes of this evaluation, three full-scale crash tests were conducted in accordance with the requirements of NCHRP Report 350. During this test program, ADOT's 13.7-m (45-ft) constant tapered luminaire support was found to exhibit unacceptable impact performance. Although the slip base activated readily and the occupant impact velocity was within recommended limits, a secondary impact of the pole with the roof of the vehicle resulted in substantial deformation of the roof structure. A subsequent test of ADOT's standard 12.2-m (40-ft) luminaire system was judged to be marginally acceptable. Although the luminaire support readily yielded to the vehicle and the occupant risk criteria were well within the recommended limits established by NCHRP Report 350, the test vehicle once again sustained substantial deformation to the roof structure from a secondary impact with the luminaire pole. However, the magnitude and localized extent of the crush was judged to be within acceptable limits based on results of other approved systems. Several candidate systems were identified which provide a mounting height of 13.7 m (45 ft) or greater and which could serve as replacements for ADOT's deficient 13.7-m (45-ft) poles. The most promising of these is a steel 4-bolt slipbase design developed by the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) which has a mounting height of 15.8 m (52 ft) and was successfully crash tested. As an alternative to adopting a new design, it is also recommended that the current design requirements be carefully reviewed and options for reducing the weight of the existing system be considered. Maintenance practices related to slip-bolt torque were also reviewed. Although no specific post-installation inspection procedure for slip-base bolt torques is offered at this time, periodic visual inspections of slip-base poles should be considered to determine if debris, soil, corrosion, erosion, or other hindrances that could compromise proper actuation of the slip-base are present. It was also noted that although proper performance of slip-base supports depends on the clamping force in the slip-base bolts, crash tests and analytical studies indicate that the performance is not overly sensitive to the clamping force.
Poly(A) on mengovirus RNA (1975)

The content and size of the poly(A) on Mengovirus RNA grown in both mouse L cells and HeLa cells have been examined. Virion RNA from either cell line could bind to poly(U) filters and contained RNase-resistant stretches of poly(A) which could be analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The size of the poly(A) on the Mengovirus RNA was independent of the host cell and averaged from 50 to 70 nucleotides.
Auto-tuning Performance of MPI Parallel Programs Using Resource Management in Container-Based Virtual Cloud (2016)

Load imbalance problem is one of the major obstacles to achieving optimal performance of High Performance Computing applications. The approach of trying to distribute the problem pieces to each node with the hope of balancing execution time has limits since the performance depends not only on data size but also on many other dynamic factors. This paper describes an approach that uses adaptive resource management enabled by the container-based virtualization to solve the load imbalance problem of MPI programs running in the cloud. Our techniques dynamically adjust CPU resource allocation to MPI processes running as container instances according to the current program execution state and system resource status. The resource allocation among MPI processes is adjusted in two ways: the intra-host level, which dynamically adjusts resources within a host, and the inter-host level, which migrates containers together with MPI processes from one host to another host. We have implemented and evaluated our approach on Amazon EC2 platform using real-world scientific benchmarks and applications, which demonstrates that the performance can be improved up to 31% (with an average of 15%) when compared with the baseline.
Production of Succinic Acid for Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates (2002)

The purpose of this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) is to add and test new metabolic activities to existing microbial catalysts for the production of succinic acid from renewables. In particular, they seek to add to the existing organism the ability to utilize xylose efficiently and simultaneously with glucose in mixtures of sugars or to add succinic acid production to another strain and to test the value of this new capability for production of succinic acid from industrial lignocellulosic hydrolyasates. The Contractors and Participant are hereinafter jointly referred to as the 'Parties'. Research to date in succinic acid fermentation, separation and genetic engineering has resulted in a potentially economical process based on the use of an Escherichia coli strain AFP111 with suitable characteristics for the production of succinic acid from glucose. Economic analysis has shown that higher value commodity chemicals can be economically produced from succinic acid based on repliminary laboratory findings and predicted catalytic parameters. The initial target markets include succinic acid itself, succinate salts, esters and other derivatives for use as deicers, solvents and acidulants. The other commodity products from the succinic acid platform include 1,4-butanediol, {gamma}-butyrolactone, 2-pyrrolidinone and N-methyl pyrrolidinone. Current economic analyses indicate that this platform is competitive with existing petrochemical routes, especially for the succinic acid and derivatives. The report presents the planned CRADA objectives followed by the results. The results section has a combined biocatalysis and fermentation section and a commercialization section. This is a nonproprietary report; additional proprietary information may be made available subject to acceptance of the appropriate proprietary information agreements.
Analyse de la cinétique de cémentation du cuivre par le zinc en milieu sulfate (1990)

Nous avons analyse la cinetique de cementation electrochimique du cuivre par le zinc, pour de larges gammes de concentrations initiales en cations metalliques, par le suivi de ces concentrations et de la tension de corrosion en cours d'operation, et egalement par des essais de corrosion-cementation combinees et de cementation a tension controlee. Nous montrons que la cinetique est globalement limitee par la diffusion des ions cuivre, mais que les processus mis en jeu sont largement fonction de la teneur en ions zinc de la solution a l'interface avec le substrat. En particulier, cette teneur a l'instant initial fixe, pour toute la duree de l'operation, le nombre maximal de sites zinc actifs vis-a-vis de la dissolution. Le rapport de l'aire cathodique a l'aire anodique, evalue sur la base de mesures de la tension de corrosion et d'examens morphologiques est dans tous les cas tres superieur a un. Le seul effet de la presence du cement a la surface du zinc est un masquage partiel des sites anodiques. L'effet favorable d'une diminution de cette concentration interfaciale nous a conduits a proposer une methode de cementation assistee par electrolyse qui permet de doubler la vitesse de formation du cement pratiquement sans surcout energetique
Negotiation for automated generation of temporal multimedia presentations (1996)

Creating high-quality multimedia presentations requires much skill, time, and effort. This is particularly true when temporal media, such as speech and animation, are involved. We describe the design and implementation of a knowledge-based system that generates customized temporal multimedia presentations. We provide art overview of the system's architecture, and explain how speech, written text, and graphics are generated and coordinated. Our emphasis is on how temporal media are coordinated by the system through a multi-stage negotiation process. In negotiation, media-specific generation components interact with a novel coordination component that solves temporal constraints provided by the generators. We illustrate our work with a set of examples generated by the system in a testbed application intended to update hospital caregivers on the status of patients who have undergone a cardiac bypass operation.
Iron assisted growth of copper-tipped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2007)

Carbon nanotubes incorporating copper are highly sought after for nanoelectronic applications. Indeed, several recent studies have demonstrated the production of copper-tipped nanotubes using the chemical vapor deposition method. Here we present the growth and detailed characterization of such copper-tipped nanotubes. The nanotubes grown were of a 'bamboo-like' structure, consisting of stacked cups of graphene, and were produced by chemical vapor deposition employing iron and copper nanoparticles as a catalyst and metal source respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and electron holography analysis of the tips of these nanotubes revealed a small crystalline iron particle on the inner side of the copper tip, with the nanotube structure encapsulating the iron. This form of growth may allow the formation of similar structures with various other metal-tipped carbon nanotubes to be manufactured.
Effects of in Utero Exposure to Di(n-butyl) Phthalate for Estrogen Receptors α, β, and Androgen Receptor of Leydig Cell on Rats (2013)

Estrogens and androgens affect male and female reproductive systems. Recently, we reported that prenatal di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) exposure induced atypical Leydig cells (LCs) hyperplasia during adulthood. The present study investigated the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), and androgen receptor (AR) in LCs of 5-, 7-, 9-, 14-, and 17-week-old Sprague-Dawley (srl) rats whose dams had been administered DBP intragastrically at 100 mg/kg/day or the vehicle (corn oil) from days 12 to 21 postconception. Immunohistochemical, Western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the expressions of ERα, ERβ, and AR proteins and mRNAs in the DBP group were similar to those of the vehicle group at 5 and 7 weeks, but significantly higher ERα and lower ERβ and AR levels were observed in the DBP group at 9 to 17 weeks. The rats prenatally exposed to DBP had seminiferous tubule degeneration and atypical hyperplasia of LCs during adulthood, which was associated with an increase in expression of ERα and a decrease of ERβ and AR in the testis.
Transposon Tagging of the Defective embryo and meristems Gene of Tomato (1998)

The shoot and root apical meristems (SAMs and RAMs, respectively) of higher plants are mechanistically and structurally similar. This has led previously to the suggestion that the SAM and RAM represent modifications of a fundamentally homologous plan of organization. Despite recent interest in plant development, especially in the areas of meristem regulation, genes specifically required for the function of both the SAM and RAM have not yet been identified. Here, we report on a novel gene, Defective embryo and meristems (Dem), of tomato. This gene is required for the correct organization of shoot apical tissues of developing embryos, SAM development, and correct cell division patterns and meristem maintenance in roots. Dem was cloned using transposon tagging and shown to encode a novel protein of 72 kD with significant homology to YNV2, a protein of unknown function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dem is expressed in root and shoot meristems and organ primordia but not in callus. The expression pattern of Dem mRNA in combination with the dem mutant phenotype suggests that Dem plays an important role within apical meristems.
Viscosity Reduction by Homogenization of Orange Juice Concentrate in a Pilot Plant Taste Evaporator (1988)

ABSTRACT Controlling viscosity is critical to efficient evaporation and pumping of citrus concentrates. Viscosity was reduced by a commercial homogenizer installed between the third and fourth stage of a pilot plant TASTE evaporator. Juice was concentrated to 65°Brix with and without homogenization. The results showed a 13% decrease in viscosity due to homogenization. Mean non‐homogenized values were 279 mPa.s (s.d. = 7.5) on the 65°Brix control and 242 mPa.s (s.d. = 10) on the homogenized concentrate, both measured at 3.50 set 1 , which was calculated to be the shear rate for these samples within the third stage of this evaporator. This decrease in viscosity also reduced the energy consumption about 3 to 4% or produced a higher (2 to 3) °Brix concentrate. Homogenization did not significantly affect the juice color, acid, pulp or vitamin C.
Derivatives of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloid Ambelline as Selective Inhibitors of Hepatic Stage of Plasmodium berghei Infection In Vitro (2023)

The incidence rate of malaria and the ensuing mortality prompts the development of novel antimalarial drugs. In this work, the activity of twenty-eight Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (<b>1-28</b>) belonging to seven different structural types was assessed, as well as twenty semisynthetic derivatives of the β-crinane alkaloid ambelline (<b>28a-28t</b>) and eleven derivatives of the α-crinane alkaloid haemanthamine (<b>29a-29k</b>) against the hepatic stage of <i>Plasmodium</i> infection. Six of these derivatives (<b>28h</b>, <b>28m</b>, <b>28n</b> and <b>28r-28t</b>) were newly synthesized and structurally identified. The most active compounds, 11-<i>O</i>-(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)ambelline (<b>28m</b>) and 11-<i>O</i>-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)ambelline (<b>28n</b>), displayed IC<sub>50</sub> values in the nanomolar range of 48 and 47 nM, respectively. Strikingly, the derivatives of haemanthamine (<b>29</b>) with analogous substituents did not display any significant activity, even though their structures are quite similar. Interestingly, all active derivatives were strictly selective against the hepatic stage of infection, as they did not demonstrate any activity against the blood stage of <i>Plasmodium</i> infection. As the hepatic stage is a bottleneck of the plasmodial infection, liver-selective compounds can be considered crucial for further development of the malaria prophylactics.
Hardware-Assisted Cybersecurity for IoT Devices (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) has become an integral part of the modern era as it provides an ease of life with higher flexibility, easier control, and wide connectivity through numerous applications. However, security vulnerabilities in the IoT domain have given rise to potential threats and attacks that can compromise critical infrastructures and national security, cause physical and financial loss. Being common and easier targets due to low power and low processing capabilities, lightweight firewall, and availability for service, IoT devices require lightweight but enhanced security to thwart different cyber attacks. In this paper, we champion for hardware-assisted defense mechanisms against cyber attacks in IoT domain. We highlight that hardware-assisted techniques indeed offer an additional layer of protection with respect to traditional software-only cybersecurity. However, to offer a comprehensive security, many challenges including area and power footprint, as well as security strength, need to be addressed.
1-Lithio- and 1,3-dilithioisobenzofuran: formation and reactions with electrophiles (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Lithio- and 1,3-dilithioisobenzofuran: formation and reactions with electrophilesStephen L. Crump and Bruce RickbornCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2, 304–310Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00176a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00176a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
OPAG: Opportunistic Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

We propose <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Opportunistic</b> <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Data</b> <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Aggregation</b> (OPAG) that incurs no computation error and tolerates moderate message losses in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). OPAG performs in-network data aggregation in two layers: (1) at the data-aggregation layer, aggregation results are computed accurately; and (2) at the data-routing layer,a WSN node may send intermediate/partial results to its aggregation node using multi-path routing in order to tolerate message losses.By space-multiplexing messages (i.e., padding multiple partial results or sensor readings in a single message), OPAG opportunistically exploits a multi-path routing scheme, which is more energy-efficient than retransmission. This is based on a key observation that, when sending a message, the radio may consume much more energy in idle listening during the backoff period and the time to wait for its acknowledgment than transmitting the data bits.We implemented OPAG on TinyOS 2.x and TMote Sky Mote, and evaluated its performance on the Motelab Testbed at Harvard University.When a network is relatively well connected, OPAG can reduce the energy consumption by 33% at the expense of slightly higher relative errors, compared to TAG with reliable transmission.Compared to synopsis diffusion, OPAG can reduce the aggregation errors by 50% while consuming roughly the same amount of energy.
A Concept for Self-Monitoring of Radar Devices Using a Coherently Coded Reflector (2020)

Testing and monitoring the proper function of sensor and measurement systems is an essential task with regard to their functional safety. In this paper, a concept for self-monitoring of radar distance and level measurement devices is presented and discussed. The fundamental approach is to use a passive coded reflector as a reference radar target, which causes a characteristic and known echo ‘signature’. With this, a good differentiation from other disturbing targets and clutter is possible. The reflector proposed here is designed for modulating the phase of the echo signal based on a binary code sequence. The echo signal is coherently processed with a correlation receiver in order to reliably detect the presence of the reflector and to accurately measure its distance from the radar. The proposed concept has been evaluated using a Barker code with a length of five code sequence elements, and a corresponding reflector has been practically realized for experimental evaluation. Measurements have been performed with a 68 to 92 GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar. Results of the experiments show that the proposed coherent concept, utilizing the phase modulation, gives a much larger immunity against clutter signals resulting from disturbing radar targets as compared to incoherently processing the echo signal.
Automated measurement of retinal blood vessel tortuosity (2010)

Abnormalities in the vascular pattern of the retina are associated with retinal diseases and are also risk factors for systemic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. The three-dimensional retinal vascular pattern is mostly formed congenitally, but is then modified over life, in response to aging, vessel wall dystrophies and long term changes in blood flow and pressure. A characteristic of the vascular pattern that is appreciated by clinicians is vascular tortuosity, i.e. how curved or kinked a blood vessel, either vein or artery, appears along its course. We developed a new quantitative metric for vascular tortuosity, based on the vessel's angle of curvature, length of the curved vessel over its chord length (arc to chord ratio), number of curvature sign changes, and combined these into a unidimensional metric, Tortuosity Index (TI). In comparison to other published methods this method can estimate appropriate TI for vessels with constant curvature sign and vessels with equal arc to chord ratios, as well. We applied this method to a dataset of 15 digital fundus images of 8 patients with Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), and to the other publically available dataset of 60 fundus images of normal cases and patients with hypertensive retinopathy, of which the arterial and venous tortuosities have also been graded by masked experts (ophthalmologists). The method produced exactly the same rank-ordered list of vessel tortuosity (TI) values as obtained by averaging the tortuosity grading given by 3 ophthalmologists for FSHD dataset and a list of TI values with high ranking correlation with the ophthalmologist's grading for the other dataset. Our results show that TI has potential to detect and evaluate abnormal retinal vascular structure in early diagnosis and prognosis of retinopathies.
In-band OSNR Monitor Using An Optical Bandpass Filter and Optical Power Measurements for Superchannel Signals (2013)

We propose a novel in-band OSNR monitor using an optical bandpass filter and power measurements for superchannel signals and experimentally demonstrate accurate OSNR monitoring of two-subcarrier DP-16QAM signal and higher tolerance to spectral narrowing.