gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric studies. Part 14.—Mesomeric and coupled ring rotation mechanisms (1967)

The dielectric constants and losses have been determined at five or six microwave frequencies for benzophenone, dicyclohexylketone, diethylether, diethylketone in cyclohexane solution and for decafluorobenzophenone in p-xylene. All systems except decafluorobenzophenone have definite distribution coefficients suggesting contributions from more than one relaxation process. In the absence of appreciable steric factors the measured relaxation times of symmetrical aromatic ethers and sulphides tend to be shorter than the values estimated for rigid molecules. For aromatic ethers and sulphides two intramolecular processes appear to contribute to the relaxation time shortening. One involves a mesomeric shift of charge which changes magnitude and direction during ring rotation and the other short coupled ring rotations which cause reversal of the molecular dipole moment. When the molecular moment is small (e.g., less than about 1D) the mesomeric mechanism may be significant. For benzophenone in both the pure liquid state and in a non-interacting solvent, one or both of these processes appears to give a small contribution to the dielectric absorption.
Caries Inhibition by and Safety of Lactobacillus paracasei DSMZ16671 (2010)

Lactobacillus paracasei DSMZ16671, even if heat-killed, sensitively co-aggregates mutans streptococci specifically. Mutans streptococci are strongly implicated in caries induction in humans and rodents. We hypothesized: (1) that S. mutans recoveries from rats' teeth in vivo will decrease, with an associated decrease in caries, if these lactobacilli are fed to rats in an established caries model; and (2) that toxicological assays of these lactobacilli will show them to be benign. Four groups of specific-pathogen-free rats were formed: S. mutans 10449S-inoculated/16671-supplemented diet; un-inoculated/16671-supplemented diet; S. mutans 10449S-inoculated/placebo diet; and un-inoculated/placebo diet. Standard tests of toxicity and mutagenicity of heat-killed DSMZ16671 were performed. S. mutans recoveries were significantly reduced both in mid-experiment and at termination, as were caries lesion scores for the rats inoculated by S. mutans and fed the DSMZ16671 supplement, by comparison with controls. Neither toxicity nor mutagenicity of DSMZ16671 was detected. Use of heat-killed DSMZ16671 is efficacious in rats and appears safe.
Combination of GP88 Expression in Tumor Cells and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Bladder Cancer Patients (2021)

Urothelial bladder cancer (BCa) is the ninth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and accounts for approximately 3% of global cancer diagnoses. We are interested in prognostic markers that may characterize tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) and their relationship in BCa. A potential candidate marker that meets these criteria is progranulin (GP88), which is expressed separately in TCs and ICs. We analyzed GP88 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 196 muscle-invasive BCa samples using a tissue microarray. The immunoreactive score for GP88 staining in TCs and the percentage of GP88-positive ICs was determined. An easy cutoff for the staining status of TCs (positive vs. negative) and ICs (0% vs. >0%) and, more generally, negative vs. positive GP88 staining could be applied. We detected 93 patients (47.4%) and 92 patients (46.9%) with GP88-positive TCs or ICs, respectively. The IHC results were correlated with clinicopathological and survival data. Positive GP88 staining in TCs appeared to be an independent poor prognostic factor for disease-specific survival (DSS) (RR (relative risk) = 1.74; <i>p</i> = 0.009) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (RR = 1.92; <i>p</i> = 0.002). In contrast, negative GP88 staining in ICs was an independent negative predictor for overall survival (OS) (RR = 2.18; <i>p</i> < 0.001), DSS (RR = 2.84; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and RFS (RR = 2.91; <i>p</i> < 0.001) in multivariate Cox's regression analysis. When combining GP88 staining in TCs and ICs, a specific combination of GP88-positive TCs and GP88-negative ICs was associated with a 2.54-fold increased risk of death, a 4.21-fold increased risk of disease-specific death and a 4.81-fold increased risk of recurrence compared to GP88-negative TCs and GP88-positive ICs. In summary, GP88 positivity in TCs is a negative prognostic factor for DSS and RFS. In addition, GP88 positivity can mark ICs that are associated with a good prognosis (OS, DSS and RFS). The combination of GP88 staining in TCs and ICs appears to be a significant independent prognostic biomarker in muscle-invasive BCa.
Photoresponsive ionic liquid crystals assembled via halogen bond: en route towards light-controllable ion transporters (2017)

We demonstrate that halogen bonding (XB) can offer a novel approach for the construction of photoresponsive ionic liquid crystals. In particular, we assembled two new supramolecular complexes based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodides and azobenzene derivatives containing an iodotetrafluoro-benzene ring as XB donor, where the iodide anion acted as an XB acceptor. DSC and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the preferred stoichiometry between the XB donors and acceptors is 2 : 1, and that the iodide anions act as bidentate XB-acceptors, binding two azobenzene derivatives. Due to the high directionality of the XB, calamitic superanions are obtained, while the segregation occurring between the charged and uncharged parts of the molecules gives rise to a layered structure in the crystal lattice. Despite the fact that the starting materials are non-mesomorphic, the halogen-bonded supramolecular complexes exhibited monotropic lamellar liquid-crystalline phases over broad temperature ranges, as confirmed with polarized optical microscopy. Due to the presence of the azobenzene moieties, the LCs were photoresponsive, and a LC-to-isotropic phase transition could be obtained by irradiation with UV light. We envisage that the light-induced phase transition, in combination with the ionic nature of the LC, provides a route towards light-induced control over ion transport and conductance in these supramolecular complexes.
Tunable Laser-Driven Electron Acceleration via Shock Front Injection (2011)

Stable, relativistic electron beams with up to 100 pC peak charge have been accelerated via injection into wakefields at a sharp density transition. The energy of the accelerator was tunable between 10 and 150 MeV.
Small Molecule Antagonist of Leukocyte Function Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1): Structure−Activity Relationships Leading to the Identification of 6-((5S,9R)-9-(4-Cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro[4.4]nonan-7-yl)nicotinic Acid (BMS-688521) (2010)

Leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), also known as CD11a/CD18 or alpha(L)beta(2), belongs to the beta(2) integrin subfamily and is constitutively expressed on all leukocytes. The major ligands of LFA-1 include three intercellular adhesion molecules 1, 2, and 3 (ICAM 1, 2, and 3). The interactions between LFA-1 and the ICAMs are critical for cell adhesion, and preclinical animal studies and clinical data from the humanized anti-LFA-1 antibody efalizumab have provided proof-of-concept for LFA-1 as an immunological target. This article will detail the structure-activity relationships (SAR) leading to a novel second generation series of highly potent spirocyclic hydantoin antagonists of LFA-1. With significantly enhanced in vitro and ex vivo potency relative to our first clinical compound (1), as well as demonstrated in vivo activity and an acceptable pharmacokinetic and safety profile, 6-((5S,9R)-9-(4-cyanophenyl)-3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3,7-triazaspiro-[4.4]nonan-7-yl)nicotinic acid (2e) was selected to advance into clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON CORRINEN UND VERWANDTEN LIGANDEN, ISOXAZOLE ALS ZWISCHENSTUFEN BEI DER SYNTH. VON SEMICORRINEN (1970)

Abstract Cycloaddition des Acetylens (I) mit dem Nitriloxid (II) führt zum Isoxazol (IIIa) (43% Ausbeute), das mit alkalischem Wasserstoffperoxid zum Carbonsäureamid (IIIb) umgewandelt wird.
Marine seismic acquisition with 3D sensor arrays towed by wave gliders (2016)

Marine seismic acquisition has been established as a very efficient method that employs big and powerful vessels that can tow very large streamer spreads, for instance 12 to 18 streamers, 8 km in length, with 100-m crossline separation. In this paper we introduce a new type of marine acquisition that uses wave gliders-autonomous marine vehicles-powered solely by waves and solar power, which tow a small, multimeasurement 3D sensor array. We will discuss the results of the first field experiment with 3D sensor arrays towed by wave gliders and processing and survey design aspects of this new type of marine seismic acquisition. Presentation Date: Thursday, October 20, 2016 Start Time: 8:55:00 AM Location: 163/165 Presentation Type: ORAL
High-speed 980nm VCSELs with integrated distributed losses for mode control (2009)

Single fundamental mode, oxide-confined, polyimide planarized 980nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a multi-oxide layer (MOL) structure to increase oxide aperture diameter and maintain single-mode operation are fabricated and characterized. VCSELs with an 8&mu;m active diameter and 16 mode suppression layers maintained single transverse mode operation under continuous wave (CW) condition with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of more than 32 dB at current densities up to 20 times threshold, which is five times higher than the previously reported value for similar devices with only 3 mode suppression layers, and exhibited a maximum 3-dB modulation frequency bandwidth of 13GHz. The threshold current and voltage were as low as 260&mu;A and 1.45V, respectively, with a maximum optical power and slope efficiency of 1mW and 0.31W/A, respectively.
Abstract 3714: Optimisation of quinazolinedione sulphonamides as novel inhibitors of poly(ADP Ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) (2016)

Abstract The macrodomain protein poly(ADP ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) has been shown to be a critical component in the repair of single stand DNA breaks and counteracts the function of the ARTD family of poly(ADP ribose) polymerases, commonly known as the PARPs. As PARG exists as a single protein, it presents an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cancer cells with enhanced dependence upon DNA repair. Inhibitors of this enzyme have proved difficult to discover and develop. Moreover, intact cell-active tool compounds which have the propensity to be used as robust chemical probes to understand PARG pharmacology, are absent from the literature. This poster will describe our work in this emerging area, optimising a series of drug-like quinazolinedione derivatives to deliver molecules with the correct physicochemical and biochemical properties to function as in vitro cell probe compounds. These unprecedented agents display potent on-target biochemical (5 nM) and cell (10 nM) activity with a significant window to acute 3-day cytotoxicity. Moreover, these agents are selective against PARP family members and the close glycohydrolase homologue ARH3. The medicinal chemistry optimisation of the scaffold will be described, alongside the outline pharmacology demonstrating on-target, selective inhibition of PARG in cells. Such tool compounds will be of value in revealing the detailed mechanisms of action of PARG in DNA repair and other PAR chain-mediated cellular processes, with the ultimate goal of delivering novel and clinically relevant therapeutic agents. Citation Format: Kate Smith, Ben Acton, Dominic James, Cliff Jones, Stuart Jones, Allan Jordan, Nicola Hamilton, Alison McGonagle, Daniel Mould, Helen Small, Alex Stowell, Julie Tucker, Ian Waddell, Bohdan Waszkowycz, Donald Ogilvie. Optimisation of quinazolinedione sulphonamides as novel inhibitors of poly(ADP Ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3714.
Redox-active Hydroxy-TEMPO Radical Immobilized in Nafion Layer for an Aqueous Electrolyte-based and Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (2013)

Abstract A hydrophilic nitroxide radical molecule, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl (TEMPOL), was immobilized in a Nafion layer yielding a redox-active modified electrode which enhanced the reduction peak current: The modified electrode and the TEMPOL aqueous electrolyte were applied in a dye-sensitized solar cell to achieve a 2.1% conversion efficiency.
Employment of 1-Methoxy-5-Ethyl Phenazinium Ethyl Sulfate as a Stable Electron Mediator in Flavin Oxidoreductases-Based Sensors (2020)

In this paper, a novel electron mediator, 1-methoxy-5-ethyl phenazinium ethyl sulfate (mPES), was introduced as a versatile mediator for disposable enzyme sensor strips, employing representative flavin oxidoreductases, lactate oxidase (LOx), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOx). A disposable lactate enzyme sensor with oxygen insensitive <i>Aerococcus viridans</i>-derived engineered LOx (<i>Av</i>LOx), with A96L mutant as the enzyme, was constructed. The constructed lactate sensor exhibited a high sensitivity (0.73 ± 0.12 μA/mM) and wide linear range (0-50 mM lactate), showings that mPES functions as an effective mediator for <i>Av</i>LOx. Employing mPES as mediator allowed this amperometric lactate sensor to be operated at a relatively low potential of +0.2 V to 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, thus avoiding interference from uric acid and acetaminophen. The lactate sensors were adequately stable for at least 48 days of storage at 25 °C. These results indicated that mPES can be replaced with 1-methoxy-5-methyl phenazinium methyl sulfate (mPMS), which we previously reported as the best mediator for <i>Av</i>LOx-based lactate sensors. Furthermore, this study revealed that mPES can be used as an effective electron mediator for the enzyme sensors employing representative flavin oxidoreductases, GDH-based glucose sensors, and FPOx-based hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) sensors.
High-speed optical DQPSK and FSK modulation using integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometers (2006)

We investigated an integrated optical modulator consisting of two Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The modulator can generate optical signals in various types of modulation formats, which have advantages for long-haul transmission, optical labeling, etc. By using a fabricated versatile optical modulator having traveling-wave electrodes designed for high-speed signals, we demonstrated generation of optical 40Gb/s frequency-shift-keying signals, which can be demodulated by an optical filter. 80Gb/s optical differential quadrature-shift-keying modulation was also demonstrated, where 40Gb/s in-phase and quadrature data were, simultaneously, fed to the modulator.
Meeting Highlights Anti-infectives: 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, September 15 – 18, 1996 (1996)

The need for improved antibacterials, particularly in light of increasing antibacterial resistance, dominated the 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana. New and improved quinolones, led by levofloxacin (currently in review at the Food and Drug Administration; FDA), followed by grepafloxacin, trovafloxacin and sparfloxacin are all expected to facilitate major changes in therapy. New cephalosporins, macrolides and carbapenems will complement these new agents.
Coherent Optical Photons from Shock Waves in Crystals (2006)

We predict that coherent electromagnetic radiation in the 1-100 THz frequency range can be generated in crystalline materials when subject to a shock wave or soliton-like propagating excitation. To our knowledge, this phenomenon represents a fundamentally new form of coherent optical radiation source that is distinct from lasers and free-electron lasers. The radiation is generated by the synchronized motion of large numbers of atoms when a shock wave propagates through a crystal. General analytical theory and NaCl molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate coherence lengths on the order of mm (around 20 THz) and potentially greater. The emission frequencies are determined by the shock speed and the lattice constants of the crystal and can potentially be used to determine atomic-scale properties of the shocked material.
Electrodeposited bismuth monolayers on gold (111) electrodes: comparison of surface x-ray scattering, scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy lattice structures (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrodeposited bismuth monolayers on gold (111) electrodes: comparison of surface x-ray scattering, scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy lattice structuresChun Hsien Chen, Keith D. Kepler, Andrew A. Gewirth, B. M. Ocko, and Jia WangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 28, 7290–7294Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100130a028https://doi.org/10.1021/j100130a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views702Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Simulation and laboratory validation of magnetic nozzle effects for the high power helicon thruster (2007)

The efficiency of a plasma thruster can be improved if the plasma stream can be highly focused, so that there is maximum conversion of thermal energy to the directed energy. Such focusing can be potentially achieved through the use of magnetic nozzles, but this introduces the potential problem of detachment of plasma from the magnetic field lines tied to the nozzles. Simulations and laboratory testing are used to investigate these processes for the high power helicon (HPH) thruster, which has the capacity of producing a dense (1018−1020m−3) energetic (tens of eV) plasma stream which can be both supersonic and super-Alfvénic within a few antenna wavelengths. In its standard configuration, the plasma plume generated by this device has a large opening angle, due to relatively high thermal velocity and rapid divergence of the magnetic field. With the addition of a magnetic nozzle system, the plasma can be directed/collimated close to the pole of the nozzle system causing an increase in the axial velocity of the plasma, as well as an increase in the Alfvén Mach number. As such the magnetic field of the nozzle is insufficient to pull the plasma back to the spacecraft, i.e., plasma attachment is not a problem for the system. Laboratory results show that the specific impulse (Isp) of the system can be increased by ∼30% by the addition of the nozzle due to the conversion of thermal energy into directed energy in association with a highly collimated profile. An interesting feature of the system is that self-collimation of the beam is expected to occur during continuous operation through plasma currents induced downstream from the magnetic nozzle. These currents lead to magnetic fields that have a smaller divergence than the original vacuum magnetic field so that the following plasma will be more collimated than the proceeding plasma. This self-focusing can lead to beam propagation over extended distances.
Thermal characterization of MMIC by Numerical Analysis (2006)

Thermal resistances (R/sub th/) of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) for the Ka-band communications satellite's transponder, which is being developed by ETRI, have been calculated by the finite element method (FEM). Through the analyses of finite element models with or without selective metal layers, additional MMIC's thermal characteristics have been found and a reasonably simplified finite element modeling method for MMIC has been introduced. Parametric studies on the relations between the total gate width or the power dissipation and the thermal resistance were performed. With the parametric study results, an equation for calculating the thermal resistance of an MMIC showing error of 6% or less has been developed.
Cryptosporidium muris: Infectivity and Illness in Healthy Adult Volunteers (2014)

Although Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis cause the majority of human cryptosporidiosis cases, other Cryptosporidium species are also capable of infecting humans, particularly when individuals are immunocompromised. Ten C. muris cases have been reported, primarily in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -positive patients with diarrhea. However, asymptomatic cases were reported in two HIV-negative children, and in another case, age and immune status were not described. This study examines the infectivity of C. muris in six healthy adults. Volunteers were challenged with 10(5) C. muris oocysts and monitored for 6 weeks for infection and/or illness. All six patients became infected. Two patients experienced a self-limited diarrheal illness. Total oocysts shed during the study ranged from 6.7 × 10(6) to 4.1 × 10(8), and the number was slightly higher in volunteers with diarrhea (2.8 × 10(8)) than asymptomatic shedders (4.4 × 10(7)). C. muris-infected subjects shed oocysts longer than occurred with other species studied in healthy volunteers. Three volunteers shed oocysts for 7 months. Physical examinations were normal, with no reported recurrence of diarrhea or other gastrointestinal complaints. Two persistent shedders were treated with nitazoxanide, and the infection was resolved. Thus, healthy adults are susceptible to C. muris, which can cause mild diarrhea and result in persistent, asymptomatic infection.
Understanding and Supporting Knowledge Decomposition for Machine Teaching (2020)

Machine teaching (MT) is an emerging field that studies non-machine learning (ML) experts incrementally building semantic ML models in efficient ways. While MT focuses on the types of knowledge a human teacher provides a machine learner, not much is known about how people perform or can be supported in this essential task of identifying and expressing useful knowledge. We refer to this process as knowledge decomposition. To address the challenges of this type of Human-AI collaboration, we seek to build foundational frameworks for understanding and supporting knowledge decomposition. We present results of a study investigating what types of knowledge people teach, what cognitive processes they use, and what challenges they encounter when teaching a learner to classify text documents. From our observations, we introduce design opportunities for new tools to support knowledge decomposition. Our findings carry implications for applying the benefits of knowledge decomposition to MT and ML.