gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Phase Behavior. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes in the Nile rat by palm fruit juice (2013)

Diet‐related metabolic disorders are on the rise globally, and plant‐derived antioxidants may moderate these conditions. Palm fruit juice (PFJ) contains unique polyphenols with biological impact against various chronic diseases (Brit J Nutr 106:1664, 2011), including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome in the Nile rat (NR). To examine these relationships, 84 male Wildtype NR were fed diabetogenic diets, as lab chow (#5020) or semipurified diets (CHO:fat:protein %En=70:10:20 or 40:43:17), in 4 experiments, with PFJ provided as a drink or mixed into the diet up to 1800ppm (GAE equiv). Body wt as well as random and fasting glucose were assessed for up to 6mo along with terminal organ weights, insulin, and plasma lipids to quantify T2DM. PFJ decreased blood glucose in all 4 experiments, and the anti‐diabetogenic effect correlated with polyphenol intake. PFJ was effective both as a drink and mixed into the diet, exerting positive effects on circulating insulin and liver, kidney and pancreas weight, without any observed negative effects. Data suggest mechanisms of preventing hyperglycemia may include reduced intestinal glucose absorption and/or stimulation of insulin secretion by protecting against ROS to preserve mitochondrial function (see related abstracts). Funding source: Foster Biomed Res Lab and the Malaysian Palm Oil Board
Zeeman absorption measurements of two-dimensional magnetic field structures (abstract)a) (1995)

A diagnostic technique is presented where polarization measurements of transmitted resonant laser light are used to determine the two-dimensional magnetic field profiles in a plasma. The diagnostic laser is propagated parallel to the magnetic field direction and resonant with circularly polarized transitions. Tuning the laser slightly off-resonance results in differing absorption coefficients for right and left circularly polarized light. Analysis of the transmitted light, combined with independent measurements of the resonant line profile, results in a measurement of the magnetic field. Spectral analysis of the Zeeman splitting has been commonly used to measure plasma magnetic fields, both in emission and absorption. The intensity comparison of the right and left circular components to measure relatively small magnetic fields has its origins in the astrophysics community. Here, the intensity comparison technique is used in conjunction with resonant absorption, and the information is stored using a high-speed framing camera. This results in a measurement of relatively small magnetic fields, with a high signal-to-noise ratio and two-dimensional spatial resolution.
Investigation of thermal lensing in nuclear pumped lasers (1997)

Optical inhomogeneities in the laser gas (caused by nonuniform pumping) prevent efficient extraction of laser energy in Nuclear Pumped Lasers (NPLs). We propose the combined wall and volume pumping scheme for reduction of the optical inhomogeneities. However, this scheme represents a delicate balance due to the fact that the lasing kinetics might be affected. Results from the investigation of combined pumping as a control technique are presented.
Relationship of ocular disease activities before and after starting infliximab using Behçet's disease ocular attack score 24 (2015)

Summary Purpose To investigate the relationship of ocular disease activities before and after starting infliximab using Behçet's disease ocular attack score 24 ( BOS 24). Patients and Methods We studied 69 eyes of 35 patients with ocular Behçet's disease ( BD ) who had started infliximab therapy. Total BOS 24 scores during 1‐year period ( BOS 24‐1Y) before and after starting infliximab therapy were calculated and its correlation was examined. Patients were divided into three group according to the BOS 24‐1Y before starting infliximab; H group ( BOS 24‐1Y of 40 points or more, n = 14), M group (20 to 39 points, n = 12) and L group (19 points or less, n = 9). Ocular disease activities after starting infliximab were compared among three groups. Results Significant correlation was observed between BOS 24‐1Y scores before and after starting infliximab (P &lt; 0.0001). BOS 24‐1Y after starting infliximab in H, M and L group were 20.9 ± 28.3, 7.3 ± 15.2, 0.6±1.9 points, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). After starting infliximab, ocular attacks were disappeared in 8 cases (89%) in L group, whereas severe ocular attacks still occurred in 7 cases (50%) in H group. Conclusions BOS 24‐1Y before starting infliximab could be a predictor for disease activity after starting infliximab.
<title>Compact packaged free-space optical interconnect</title> (2000)

We present a packaged free-space optical interconnect, based on the Optical Transpose Interconnect System, which is designed to provide a bi-directional interconnection between two optoelectronic chips each of which contains thirty-two modulators and detectors. The optical system consists of two polarization-selective computer generated holograms, which combine a 4 X 8 lenslet array for illumination of the modulators and a 2 X 2 lenslet array for interconnection, allowing for a very simple and compact optical system. In addition to the holograms, the only other components necessary to complete the optical system are a polarizing beam splitter, two quarter-wave retardation plates, and a spacer. All of the optics are aligned and packaged into a single unit that is remarkably compact: 12.7 X 32.2 mm, weighting only 8.3 g.
Development of Compact Coded Aperture Gamma Camera for Radiation Monitoring in Nuclear Facility (2017)

Gamma camera is a useful device to monitor various radiation sources in a wide range of areas at nuclear facility. To localize and identify radiation sources in large area, angular resolution and detection efficiency of gamma camera should be high, which can be achieved by employing coded aperture in gamma camera. The purpose of this study was to develop a compact gamma camera consisting of coded aperture, SiPM based detector and dedicated electronics. Coded mask, which consisted of 2 × 2 mosaic of 19 × 19 asymmetric modified uniformly redundant array pattern with 1.5 mm hole size and 15 mm thickness, was designed. To assess the performance of the designed coded aperture, spatial resolution and sensitivity of gamma camera employing the coded aperture were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation using GATE and compared to that of gamma camera with pinhole collimator. SiPM based detector and dedicated electronics were also designed and fabricated. The gamma camera detector block was composed of 3 × 3 matrix of detector modules, each consisting of a 4 × 4 GAGG array coupled to a 4 × 4 SiPM array. The 144 output signals of the detector blockwere sent to 144:4 multiplexing circuit employing a symmetric charge division network developed in this study and then digitized by custom-made DAQ. To evaluate the intrinsic performance of the developed gamma camera, initial flood image and energy spectrum wereacquired. Gamma camera image was successfully reconstructed and itsSNR was further improved by subtracting background noise using mask/anti-mask method. Spatial resolution and sensitivity were 7.6 mm/4.9 cps/MBq for coded aperture and 7.3 mm/0.2 cps/MBqfor single pinhole collimator. Each crystal pixel was clearly identified in the flood images and average energy resolution was 14.5 ±1.7%. Preliminary investigation results indicate that the coded aperture gamma camera developed in this study could accurately localize and identify radiation sources with improved sensitivity.
Selective electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to formate by a water-soluble iridium pincer catalyst (2013)

A water-soluble Ir PCP-type pincer catalyst was developed to reduce CO2 to formate electrocatalytically in water with high efficiency and selectivity. Formate is the only reduced carbon product, formed in 93% Faradaic yield with no formation of CO. A small fraction of “background” H2 (ca. 7%) is directly produced at the electrode by solvent reduction. Detailed kinetic information relevant to the catalysis was obtained. The high selectivity for formate production over H2 originates from the aqueous stability of Ir dihydride species, the active species for hydride reduction of CO2. Under neutral pH, the Ir pincer complex does not catalyze the reduction of protons to H2 making water a viable solvent for use with this catalyst system. Addition of small amounts (ca. 1%) of acetonitrile reduces the over-potential and renders the catalysis sustainable. Mechanistic studies suggest that acetonitrile is a key ancillary ligand that ionizes formate effectively preventing catalyst deactivation.
Pronuclear Location Before the First Cell Division Determines Ploidy of Polyspermic Pig Embryos1 (1999)

Polyspermy occurs frequently in the fertilization of mammalian eggs, but little is known about whether polyspermic eggs have developmental ability in vitro or in vivo. We previously reported that poly-pronuclear (PPN; 3 or more pronuclei) pig eggs developed normally to the blastocyst stage despite having fewer inner cell mass cell numbers as compared to blastocysts derived from two-pronuclear (2PN) eggs. Here it is shown that most PPN pig eggs have abnormal cleavage patterns (having 3 or more cells) in the first cell division and retarded development of pronuclei prior to syngamy as compared to 2PN eggs. Most blastocysts (14 of 18) that developed from PPN eggs showed abnormal ploidy (were haploid, triploid, and tetraploid) whereas 20 of 22 blastocysts derived from 2PN embryos were diploid. The size and morphology of most Day 40 fetuses that developed from PPN eggs appeared to be normal. Of 8 Day 40 fetuses analyzed, 1 was triploid (XXY) and another was a mosaic with both diploid (XX) and tetraploid cells (frequency of less than 10%, XXXX), and the others were diploid. Anomalies of chromosomal composition were not detected in these fetuses. Five live piglets and one dead piglet were born from two recipients of PPN eggs. It is proposed that not all pronuclei of PPN pig eggs participate in syngamy, resulting in diploid cells in the conceptus. Our data suggest that there are two types of pronuclei location in polyspermic pig eggs and that the resulting ploidy is determined at the zygote stage before the first cell division according to pronuclear location.
Radiation efficiency improvement of low profile antenna with metamaterial structure using LCP substrate with low profile copper foil (2010)

EBG (Electromagnetic BandGap) structures have lately attracted considerable attention both for the surface wave suppression and low profile antennas. To achieve low profile antennas by using an EBG structure for the antenna substrate, the thinner EBG substrate as well as the smaller gap to the antenna above the EBG substrate is important. Furthermore, a smaller EBG substrate area is required to accommodate the antenna into small wireless equipments. We have proposed a small metamaterial structure by analogy with a mushroom-like EBG structure, which enables a dipole antenna just above the structure to match with 50Ω as well as EBG structures.
Direct Wall Number Control of Carbon Nanotube Forests from Engineered Iron Catalysts (2013)

We present the direct wall number control of carbon nanotube (CNT) forests grown on engineered iron (Fe) catalysts in a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Engineered Fe catalysts were fabricated by annealing thickness-tuned (0.8-3 nm) Fe films with small thickness variations prepared by a low-deposition-rate sputter deposition. Extensive scanning electron microcopy (SEM) characterization confirmed that vertically-aligned CNT forests were grown on Fe catalyst films with thickness larger than 1.5 nm. Detailed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and micro Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated that 75% of the CNTs grown on an Fe film with 1.5 nm mean thickness were single-walled CNTs while about 67% and 59% of CNTs grown on Fe films with 2.0 and 3.0 nm mean thickness were double-walled and triple-walled CNTs, respectively. The average wall number and outer diameter of CNT forests were found to linearly depend on the mean thickness of Fe catalyst films.
Power capacity of hollow Bragg fibers, CW and pulsed CW sources (2004)

The power capacity and failure mechanisms for an emerging type of high power radiation guides - hollow photonic Bragg fibers (PBF) are investigated. CW and pulsed radiation are considered in the study assuming continuous operation of the laser source.
Overhearing-Based Interference Cancellation for Relay Networks (2009)

We consider a wireless downlink system with one transmit base station (BS) and two receive subscriber stations (SS1 and SS2) in full frequency reuse. The primary subscriber (SS1) is served in two hops via a relay station (RS). The second subscriber (SS2) is located relatively close to both BS and RS. In a conventional paradigm, SS2 can not receive its message from BS when either BS or RS serves SSI, since the transmissions for SSI cause strong interference at SS2. To improve system throughput, we propose an interference cancellation scheme at SS2 that allows BS to serve SS2 while RS relays. Exploiting the identity of the interfering messages in the two hops, SS2 overhears the interfering message at its initial transmission and cancels its interference latter. Theoretical analysis and realistic simulations show that the proposed scheme can significantly and practically boost system throughput.
Microwave and THz Metamaterial-Based Devices for Potential Applications in NDE, Chem-Bio Detection and Dielectric Characterization of Complex Oxide Thin Films (2017)

The purpose of this chapter is to convey a message that the variety of applications of the classical (and the novel ones, such as Mie resonance based) metamaterials are going far beyond the originally proposed applications such as geometrical optics and antennas. In addition, it is important to mention that most of these applications are just an idea or a first proof of principle. Hence, an additional message of this chapter is that a lot of further research is required to implement these scientifically sound ideas. It is also a hope that this chapter will trigger the reader's curiosity and interest to pursue this exciting field, which will yield additional applications that have never been imagined.
Wide Temperature Range Azobenzene Nematic and Smectic LC Materials (2006)

We have developed a series of azobenzene liquid crystals (azo LC) compounds, both multicomponent as well as single component, that possess room temperature nematic and smectic phases. Some of these materials have a wide mesophase temperature range which makes them useful for a variety of practical applications. Two main strategies were used for controlling the temperature range of these mesogenic azo LC materials: 1) chemical modification of azobenzene molecules with different terminal pendants; and 2) development of multicomponent compositions. These materials were highly photosensitive exhibiting nonlinear refraction and transmission at nanowatt/microwatt power levels. Physical, electro- and nonlinear-optical parameters of many of these materials have been characterized in detail.
Discovery of Novel Conotoxin Candidates Using Machine Learning (2018)

Cone snails (genus <i>Conus</i>) are venomous marine snails that inject prey with a lethal cocktail of conotoxins, small, secreted, and cysteine-rich peptides. Given the diversity and often high affinity for their molecular targets, consisting of ion channels, receptors or transporters, many conotoxins have become invaluable pharmacological probes, drug leads, and therapeutics. Transcriptome sequencing of <i>Conus</i> venom glands followed by de novo assembly and homology-based toxin identification and annotation is currently the state-of-the-art for discovery of new conotoxins. However, homology-based search techniques, by definition, can only detect novel toxins that are homologous to previously reported conotoxins. To overcome these obstacles for discovery, we have created <i>Conus</i>Pipe, a machine learning tool that utilizes prominent chemical characters of conotoxins to predict whether a certain transcript in a <i>Conus</i> transcriptome, which has no otherwise detectable homologs in current reference databases, is a putative conotoxin. By using <i>Conus</i>Pipe on RNASeq data of 10 species, we report 5148 new putative conotoxin transcripts that have no homologues in current reference databases. 896 of these were identified by at least three out of four models used. These data significantly expand current publicly available conotoxin datasets and our approach provides a new computational avenue for the discovery of novel toxin families.
Recent advances in amino acid analysis by CE (2007)

This paper describes a number of articles that have been published on amino acid (AA) analysis using CE during the period from June 2005 to May 2007. This review article follows the format of the previous articles of Smith (Electrophoresis 1999, 20, 3078-3083), Prata et al.. (Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 4129-4138), and Poinsot et al.. (Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 4047-4062 and Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 176-194). Several new developments in AA analysis with CE are reported describing the use of laser-emitting diodes for LIF, MS, and chips. In addition, we describe articles concerning clinical studies and neuroclinical applications.
Effect of Conical Angle and Thread Pitch on the Self-Loosening Performance of Preloaded Countersunk-Head Bolts (2012)

This paper investigates the effect of the countersunk conical angle and thread pitch on the loosening performance of preloaded countersunk-head bolts that are subjected to harmonic transverse loading. A nonlinear mathematical model is used to predict the loosening performance. Cumulative differential loosening rotation of the bolt head is converted to a gradual loss in the bolt tension and joint clamp load. Model prediction of the self-loosening behavior is experimentally validated.
A New Triferrocenyl‐tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane Derivative as a Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Marker of Biomolecules: Application to the Labelling of PNA Monomers and Their Electrochemical Characterization (2006)

We have designed and synthesised a new organometallic molecule containing three ferrocene groups for use as a highly sensitive electrochemical marker in biological assays. This trisferrocene derivative was conjugated to different PNA monomers, and the electrochemical activities of the conjugates were extensively investigated in organic solvents, in view of their potential diagnostic applications. The results showed that the introduction of a trisferrocene unit on the PNA monomer triples the current signal in comparison with the monoferrocene-labelled one. Despite their greater molecular complexity, trisferrocene-conjugated PNA monomers are even more electrochemically active than the reference ferrocene. By using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the detection limit can reach 10(-8) M in acetonitrile solution. These results are a good premise for the use of the trisferrocene unit as an effective electrochemical probe for biomolecules.
Deposition of Ru and RuO2 thin films employing dicarbonyl bis-diketonate ruthenium complexes as CVD source reagents (2003)

Reaction of Ru3(CO)12 with 6 eq. of β-diketone ligands (hfac)H, (tmhd)H, (acac)H and (tfac)H at 160–170 °C in a hydrocarbon solvent (pentane or hexane) affords the diketonate complexes [Ru(CO)2(hfac)2] (1), [Ru(CO)2(tmhd)2] (2), [Ru(CO)2(acac)2] (3) and [Ru(CO)2(tfac)2] (4) in high yields. These ruthenium complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods; a single crystal X-ray diffraction study was carried out on one isomer of the tfac complex (4a), revealing an octahedral coordination geometry with two CO ligands located at cis-positions and with the CF3 groups of the β-diketonate ligands trans to the CO ligands. Thermogravimetric analysis of complex (1) showed an enhanced volatility compared to the parent acac complex (3), attributed to the CF3 group reducing intermolecular attraction. Employing complexes (1) and (2) as CVD source reagents, ruthenium thin films can be deposited at temperatures of 350 °C–450 °C under an H2 atmosphere or at temperatures of 275 °C–400 °C using a 2% mixture of O2 in argon as carrier gas. For deposition carried out using complex (1) and under 100% O2 atmosphere, RuO2 thin films with a preferred (200) orientation were obtained. The as-deposited thin films were characterized by surface and physical analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and four-point probe measurement.
3D Multi-path Geometry Localization using Generalized Approximate Message Passing (2022)

We estimate the position and orientation of the Hidden Node (HN) at the Sensing Node (SN) in a 3D channel environment with only the multi-path Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) channel. We estimate the position and orientation of HN using the parameters of Angle-of-Arrival (AoA), Angle-of-Departure (AoD), and Time-Difference-of-Arrival (TDoA) estimated at SN. We introduce how to deal with non-linear equations with exhaustive searching with LS estimation and Generalized Approximate Message Passing (GAMP) with the first-order approximation. We also evaluate Mean Squared Error (MSE) for performance measure and processing time for complexity. Finally, We introduce a ratio of MSE to the processing time to show a trade-off in each scheme, showing that GAMP is superior to the exhaustive search with Least Square (LS).
Measurement and Modeling of Multiantenna Systems in Small Aircraft (2011)

Multiantenna measurements were performed in three small aircraft (Beech Baron 58-P, Rockwell T-39 Sabreliner, and the Diamond DA-42 Twin Star) and compared to those of six statistical multiantenna channel models, being the Gaussian, Nakagami-m, Weibull, hyperRayleigh, virtual, and Weichselberger models. The results were also compared to that of a site-specific3Dray-tracing-basedmodel.Theeffectsofthemeasurementsystem,likeantenna polarization and radiation pattern, were added to all of the models. It was found that the 3D ray-tracing model provides the most accurate predictions, closely followed by the Nakagamim and Gaussian models. Differences between measured and modeled data were typically less than 1bit/s/Hz for the three aircraft for the 3D ray-tracing model. For the Nakagami-m model, the differences were typically in the range of 0.5‐1.5bits/s/Hz whereas the Gaussian model had differences typically in the range of 1‐2bit/s/Hz. The simpler statistical hyperRayleigh model gives differences of the order of 2‐3bit/s/Hz for the Beech Baron 58-P and 3‐5bits/s/Hz for the Rockwell T-39 Sabreliner. The virtual and Weichselberger models were in the range of 2‐4bits/s/Hz.
Polymer microreplication using ultrasonic vibration energy (2009)

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microstructures were fabricated by a polymeric microreplication technology using ultrasonic vibration energy. A commercial ultrasonic welder system was used to apply ultrasonic vibration energy for micromolding. Two different types of nickel micromolds, which were equipped with pillar-type and pore-type microstructures, were fabricated. PMMA was used as the polymer microreplication material, and the optimal molding times were determined to be 2 s and 2.5 s for the pillar-type and pore-type micromolds, respectively. Compared with conventional polymer microreplication technologies, the proposed ultrasonic microreplication technology showed an extremely short processing time. Heat energy generated by ultrasonic vibration locally affected the vicinity of the contact area between the micromold and the polymer substrate. Consequently, only that very limited area was melted so that the bulk material was not seriously affected by the thermal effect and thermal shrinkage could be minimized. Furthermore, although the replication process was not performed in vacuum conditions, the ultrasonic micromolding showed high fidelity in polymer microreplication using the pore-type micromold.