gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary bony non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the cervical spine: a case report (2010)

Isolated primary bony lymphoma of the spine is exceedingly rare. As in our case, the initial symptoms may be the result of progressive cervical cord compression. Anterior corpectomy with posterolateral decompression and fusion succeeded in preventing progressive neurologic decline and maintaining quality of life. The reader should be aware of the unique presentation of this disease and that surgical management is a successful treatment strategy.
Intraocular Pressure Outcomes After Endophthalmitis Associated With Glaucoma Surgery (2013)

IOP control after resolution of endophthalmitis in patients with previous glaucoma surgery was maintained in only 25% of cases. Half the patients required additional glaucoma surgery.
A Dataset and Baselines for Multilingual Reply Suggestion (2021)

Mozhi Zhang, Wei Wang, Budhaditya Deb, Guoqing Zheng, Milad Shokouhi, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2021.
Deep NLD plasma etching of Fused Silica and Borosilicate Glass (2013)

In this paper, we report development of deep plasma etching process for Fused Silica (FS) and Borosilicate Glass (BSG) using magnetic Neutral Loop Discharge (NLD) plasma, achieving a depth of 100 μm, a high aspect ratio of 8:1, nearly vertical walls, and etch rate as high as 0.75 μm/min. The plasma conditions, such as gas flow, power, pressure, and masking materials were experimentally analyzed and optimized for improved aspect ratio, selectivity, sidewall angle, etch rate, and etch quality. The design of experiment with etching parameters and variation in masking materials provides a systematic approach to the fabrication of sensors, resonators and microsystems using FS and BSG.
Estimating Remaining Useful Life Using Actuarial Methods (2015)

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; In many instances, condition monitoring equipment has not been installed on machinery. Yet, operators still need guidance as to when to perform maintenance that is better than what is offered by the equipment manufacturers. For these systems, running hours, counts, or some other measure of usage may be available. This data, along with failure rate data, can provide an expected time to failure, and the estimated remaining useful life. The failure rate (even small sample size) is used to estimate the shape and scale parameters for the Weibull distribution. Then the conditional expectation of the truncated survival function of the Weibull is used to estimate the time to failure. This is an actuarial technique to solve the conditional survival function problem of: given that the equipment has survived to time x, what is that probability of the equipment surviving to time x + y. The inverse cumulative distribution of the truncated survival function can then be used to estimate the remaining useful life, that is: a time when the conditional likelihood of failure is small, such as 10%. The 90% confidence of the shape and scale parameters is then used to give a bound on the remaining useful life. This method is then tested on a real world bearing dataset.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;
Optimization of exposure procedures for sub-quarter-micron CMOS applications (1998)

We investigated various exposure procedures to minimize the Critical Dimension (CD) variation for the patterning of sub- quarter micron gates. To examine dependence of the CD variation on the pattern pitch and defocus conditions, the light intensity profiles of four different mask structures: (1) a binary mask with clear field, (2) a binary mask with dark field, (3) a phase-edge type phase-shifting mask (a phase-edge PSM) with clear field, and (4) a halftone phase- shifting mask (a halftone PSM) were compared, where exposure wavelength was 248 nm and numerical aperture (NA) of KrF stepper was 0.55. For 200-nm gate patterns, dependence of the CD variation on the pattern pitch and defocus conditions was minimized by a phase-edge PSM with clear field. By optimizing the illumination condition for a phase-edge PSM exposure, we obtained the CD variation of 10 nm at the minimum gate pitch of 0.8 micrometer and the defocus condition of plus or minus 0.4 micrometer. Applying the optimized exposure procedure to the device fabrication process, we obtained the total CD variation of plus or minus 27 nm.
Insulator Performance Under Wintry Conditions Topic of New Book (2010)

We have evaluated the clinical value of new electrocardiographic criteria in exercise testing. In this study, we compared both ST-segment and R-wave amplitude criteria, separately and in combination with the findings from coronary arteriography in 122 patients. In these selected patients application of conventional ST-segment criteria gave a sensitivity of 31% and a specificity of 100%; with application of the slow upsloping ST-segment criteria the sensitivity was 51% and the specificity 82%. Analysis of R-wave amplitude changes alone led to a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 61%. In combined interpretation of ST-segment and R-wave amplitude changes the sensitivity was 51% and the specificity 93%. We conclude that slow upsloping ST-segment criteria constitute the most important recent improvement in interpreting exercise test results and that the value of R-wave amplitude changes during exercise in diagnosing significant coronary artery disease is rather low in the individual patient. R-wave amplitude changes, however, may have value in patients with a previous myocardial infarction and in reducing false-negative and false-positive responses according to ST-segment criteria. Combined interpretation of ST-segment and R-wave amplitude criteria is useful but not very efficient.
Self-limited single nanowire systems combining all-in-one memristive and neuromorphic functionalities (2018)

The ability for artificially reproducing human brain type signals' processing is one of the main challenges in modern information technology, being one of the milestones for developing global communicating networks and artificial intelligence. Electronic devices termed memristors have been proposed as effective artificial synapses able to emulate the plasticity of biological counterparts. Here we report for the first time a single crystalline nanowire based model system capable of combining all memristive functions - non-volatile bipolar memory, multilevel switching, selector and synaptic operations imitating Ca<sup>2+</sup> dynamics of biological synapses. Besides underlying common electrochemical fundamentals of biological and artificial redox-based synapses, a detailed analysis of the memristive mechanism revealed the importance of surfaces and interfaces in crystalline materials. Our work demonstrates the realization of self-assembled, self-limited devices feasible for implementation via bottom up approach, as an attractive solution for the ultimate system miniaturization needed for the hardware realization of brain-inspired systems.
Use of phenolic glycolipid 1 for serodiagnosis of leprosy in a high prevalence village in Papua New Guinea (1987)

This study reports on the usefulness of an IgM phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-1) ELISA for serodiagnosis of leprosy in the first year of a prospective longitudinal community survey in a high (8.8%) prevalence village in Papua New Guinea. The IgM PGL-1 ELISA had limited value as a screening method for detection of new cases. Many normal persons, particularly children, had elevated IgM anti-PGL-1 antibodies, presumably a consequence of early subclinical infection.
Antiphase Behavior in the 4-n-alkoxybiphenylyl-4′-cyanobenzoates (nOBCB's) (1985)

Abstract A number of members of the 4-n-alkoxybiphenylyl-4′-cyanobenzoate (nOBCB) homologous series were prepared and found to exhibit smectic antiphase behavior. The early homologues (n-pentyloxy to n-heptyloxy) possess At phases while the higher members (n-octyloxy to n-dodecyloxy) show_Ad phases. At the n-octyl homologue a tilted C antiphase is introduced. The Ad to [Ctilde] phase change was shown to be strongly first order from differential scanning calorimetry. Later members of the series also exhibit smectic Cˇ phases on cooling the C phase, for example, the decyloxy compound exhibits an Ad, [Ctilde], C phase sequence on cooling. Miscibility studies between the early and later members show reentrant nematic phase behavior which occurs at the junction of the N-A1 and N-Ad transition temperature curves. The analogous materials, the 4-cyanophenyl 4′-n-alkoxybiphenyl-4-carboxylates do not exhibit antiphases and simply show N and A phases.
Crack Remaining Repair Techniques in Japan (2018)

Cracking on metal surface including Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is a concern for nuclear power plant reactor system piping and components. Several repair techniques have been developed over the years that help address the cracking issues. In the United States, some crack remaining repair technologies such as Weld Overlay (WOL) technique have already been developed and also some technologies such as Excavate and Weld Repair (EWR) are still being actively discussed. Fitness-for-Service (FFS) codes in Japan also define some repair methods which allow repairing the components without removing the cracks. This paper introduces three repair methods which are described in the Fitness-for Service code in Japan, the WOL, the cap repair technique for Bottom Mounted Instrumentation (BMI) nozzles and seal welding. WOL is a repair method that maintains structural integrity by depositing Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC) resistant weld to the outer surface of cracked circumferential welded joints in primary piping made of austenitic stainless steel. The cap repair technique for BMI nozzles is a method of repairing from the outer surface when leakage due to SCC occurs. The cap develops a new boundary outside the BMI nozzle to prevent the leakage by retaining the leakage inside the cap. The seal welding technique is also a repair method to cover the cracks by welding to prevent propagation of the cracks and to prevent leakage of reactor water. Provided the cracks are adequately managed and evaluated, these crack remaining repair methods are very beneficial.
Radioimmunodetection of Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Relevant to Tumor Malignancy with a Pre-targeting Method (2010)

Since membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is exclusively expressed in tumors and is closely associated with metastasis and invasion, MT1-MMP is a potential target of radiotracers for the evaluation of tumor malignancy. In this study, we planned to visualize MT1-MMP in vivo by a two-step pre-targeting strategy using a streptavidin (SAv)-biotin system combined with anti-MT1-MMP monoclonal immunoglobulin (IgG) (anti-MT1-MMP monoclonal antibody (mAb)). Streptavidinylated anti-MT1-MMP mAb was synthesized by reacting biotinylated anti-MT1-MMP mAb with SAv. In the pre-targeting study, FM3A mouse breast carcinoma-implanted mice were injected with anti-MT1-MMP mAb-SAv, followed 72 h later with radioiodinated biotin, (3-[123/125I]iodobenzoyl)norbiotinamide (123/125I-IBB). Biodistribution and imaging (single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT) data were collected at several time points in the 24 h period following introduction of the tracer. The comparison groups were injected with 125I-IBB alone or with 125I-IBB pre-targeted with negative control IgG-SAv. In the pre-targeting study for MT1-MMP, within 1 h of tracer injection, rapid tumor uptake and abrupt clearance from the blood of radioactivity (2.22, 0.87% injected dose/g at 1 h) were observed. The tumor to blood (T/B) radioactivity ratios were significantly higher than those from mice dosed with the pre-targeting negative control (p<0.0001). 125I-IBB alone did not accumulate in tumors. SPECT/CT image analysis of FM3A bearing mice showed high-contrast tumor images after 3 h with minimal blood-pool activity. The present study that uses a pre-targeting method showed high T/B radioactivity ratios and clear tumor images of MT1-MMP. This imaging method may be useful for the clinical diagnosis of malignant tumors.
Long‐Term Outcome of Patients Who Received Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Stable Ventricular Tachycardia (2004)

Patients who present with hemodynamically stable VT are at risk for subsequent unstable VT. ICD treatment offers potential salvage of patients with stable VT who subsequently develop unstable VT/ventricular fibrillation, although complications and inappropriate shocks are considerable. No predictors could be found for high and low risk for unstable arrhythmias. These findings support ICD treatment for stable VT survivors.
High speed optical modulation in Ge quantum wells using quantum confined stark effect (2009)

We designed the coplanar high-speed modulator with Ge/SiGe quantum wells, and demonstrated 25 GHz of modulation with 3.125 GHz of eye diagram using quantum-confined Stark effect.
Mothers' decisions about gastrostomy tube insertion in children: factors contributing to uncertainty (2003)

The purpose of this study was to explore O'Connor's four factors contributing to mothers' uncertainty concerning gastrostomy tube (G-tube) insertion in their children (lack of information; unclear value trade-offs; lack of support; social pressure) in a substitute decision-making context. Fifty mothers participated in one semi-structured interview at the time of their children's G-tube insertion. Children's ages ranged from 2 weeks to 17 years, slightly more than half were male, and most had a primary diagnosis related to a neurological (n = 27) or cardiac (n = 10) condition. Two-thirds of the mothers identified topics about which they wanted more information, the majority reported both gains and losses associated with their decision, three-quarters reported that they had received support during decision making, and half reported that they had felt pressure from family and health care professionals. Results indicate that mothers' decisions about G-tube insertion are complex and difficult. The existence and importance of O'Connor's factors in this context are confirmed by mothers' accounts. Because these factors are believed to be modifiable, health care professionals have the opportunity to potentially minimize the extent to which the factors contribute to decision uncertainly. It is recommended that health care professionals implement interventions focused on minimizing uncertainty.
Relativistic Néel-Order Fields Induced by Electrical Current in Antiferromagnets (2014)

We predict that a lateral electrical current in antiferromagnets can induce nonequilibrium Néel-order fields, i.e., fields whose sign alternates between the spin sublattices, which can trigger ultrafast spin-axis reorientation. Based on microscopic transport theory calculations we identify staggered current-induced fields analogous to the intraband and to the intrinsic interband spin-orbit fields previously reported in ferromagnets with a broken inversion-symmetry crystal. To illustrate their rich physics and utility, we consider bulk Mn(2)Au with the two spin sublattices forming inversion partners, and a 2D square-lattice antiferromagnet with broken structural inversion symmetry modeled by a Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We propose an antiferromagnetic memory device with electrical writing and reading.
420Gbit/s DP-64QAM Nyquist-FDM Single-Carrier System (2016)

We propose two enabling technologies for single-carrier Nyquist frequency division multiplexing transceiver, pilot based carrier phase recovery and I/Q modulator bias drift compensation. 420Gbit/s net capacity is demonstrated and the maximum unrepeated reach is 160km.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Vitamin C Antagonizes the Cytotoxic Effects of Antineoplastic Drugs (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Vitamin C Antagonizes the Cytotoxic Effects of Antineoplastic Drugs
Factorizing appearance using epitomic flobject analysis (2012)

Previously, `flobject analysis' was introduced as a method for using motion or stereo disparity information to train better models of static images. During training, but not during testing, optic flow is used as a cue for factorizing appearance-based image features into those belonging to different flow-defined objects, or flobjects. Here, we describe how the image epitome can be extended to model flobjects and introduce a suitable learning algorithm. Using the CityCars and City F'edestrians datasets, we study the tasks of object classification and localization. Our method performs significantly better than the original LDA-based flobject analysis technique, SIFT-based methods with and without spatial pyramid matching, and gist descriptors.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Distinct Effects of Ligand-Induced PDGFRα and PDGFRβ Signaling in the Human Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor Cell and Stroma Cell Compartments (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 25K, Human PDGFRβ ligands can activate mouse PDGFRβ. Immunoblotting of pPDGFRβ and total PDGFRβ in C2C12 cells after ligand stimulation as indicated.&lt;/p&gt;
Reducing the latency and area cost of core swapping through shared helper engines (2006)

Technologies scaling trends and the limitations of packaging and cooling have intensified the need for thermally efficient architectures and architecture-level temperature management techniques. To combat these trends, we explore the use of core swapping on microcore architecture, a deeply decoupled processor core with larger structures factored out as helper engines. The microcore architecture presents an ideal platform for core swapping thanks to helper engines that maintain the state of each process in a shared fabric surrounding the cores, reducing the impact of core swapping 43% on average while showing promising thermal reduction. It also has favorable performance when compared to other thermal management techniques. Furthermore, we evaluate alternative approaches to spending the area overhead of the additional microcore, including larger microcores, CMP cores, and SMT cores with different thermal management techniques.
Comparison of Raman and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy for Real-Time Monitoring of Yeast Fermentations: A Proof-of-Concept for Multi-Channel Photometric Sensors (2019)

Raman and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy are useful tools for the specific detection of molecules, since both methods are based on the excitation of fundamental vibration modes. In this study, Raman and MIR spectroscopy were applied simultaneously during aerobic yeast fermentations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on the recorded Raman intensities and MIR absorption spectra, respectively, temporal concentration courses of glucose, ethanol, and biomass were determined. The chemometric methods used to evaluate the analyte concentrations were partial least squares (PLS) regression and multiple linear regression (MLR). In view of potential photometric sensors, MLR models based on two (2D) and four (4D) analyte-specific optical channels were developed. All chemometric models were tested to predict glucose concentrations between 0 and 30 g L−1, ethanol concentrations between 0 and 10 g L−1, and biomass concentrations up to 15 g L−1 in real time during diauxic growth. Root-mean-squared errors of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.68 g L−1, 0.48 g L−1, and 0.37 g L−1 for glucose, ethanol, and biomass were achieved using the MIR setup combined with a PLS model. In the case of Raman spectroscopy, the corresponding RMSEP values were 0.92 g L−1, 0.39 g L−1, and 0.29 g L−1. Nevertheless, the simple 4D MLR models could reach the performance of the more complex PLS evaluation. Consequently, the replacement of spectrometer setups by four-channel sensors were discussed. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of Raman and MIR setups are demonstrated with regard to process implementation.
Mass Defect Filter for Removing Noise and Detector Oscillation Artifacts in Centroided Time-of-Flight Mass Spectra (2022)

Spurious peaks in centroided mass spectra resulting from detector oscillation or "ringing" can be identified by their unusual mass defects. Mass defect plots (fractional <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> vs measured <i>m</i>/<i>z</i>) for the single-charge mass spectrum of a pure compound show data points falling along lines with well-defined slopes. Detector oscillation and electronic noise peaks were removed from database spectra of pure compounds and mixtures by eliminating points outside two standard deviations of the slope of the major peaks. No loss of chemical information was observed, even for compounds with isobaric fragment peaks.
Structure Activity Relationships of P2 Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (1998)

With the cloning of numerous new subtypes (Burnstock and King, 1996) of P2 receptors, (belonging to P2X and P2Y super families),* for naturally occurring extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (structures shown in Fig. 1), ligand development is underway. It is clear that the P2 receptors are structurally distinct from adenosine, or P1, receptors (van Rhee et al., 1995), thus they have markedly different ligand binding requirements. The recently reorganized nomenclature of P2 receptors divides them into ligand-gated ion channels (P2X, of which seven subtypes have been cloned) and metabotropic G protein-coupled subtypes (P2Y, of which at least four subtypes have been cloned). At P2X receptors (see Chapter 2, this volume, for subtype designations) the most potent native nucleotide is adenosine triphos-phate (ATP), 1 (the numbers denote compounds in the figures), whereas at various subtypes of P2Y receptors (see Chapter 3, this volume) uridine triphosphate (UTP), 4, and/or diphosphates such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 2, may serve as agonists. Adenine dinucleotides, such as Ap4A, 3, may directly activate P2Y-type dinucleotide receptors, and may allosterically enhance activation of P2X receptors (King et al., 1996).
Characterization of a two-channel, high resolution hard x-ray microscope using Fresnel zone plates for laser-plasma interaction experiments (2018)

New X-ray imaging techniques are currently being developed at the “Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives” in the context of Inertial Confinement Fusion. Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) are being considered as they can perform high-resolution and high-flux imaging in the X-ray domain. Here we present the characterization of a bi-lens FZPs resolution used in an imager prototype, designed for the LULI2000 laser facility. Characterization was performed on a synchrotron radiation facility and on a femtosecond laser facility. The resolution of the two FZP channels was measured to be between 2.4 μm and 5.2 μm and the expected total resolution for the diagnostic was to be 3.3 μm.
Effects of Angiopoietin-2-Blocking Antibody on Endothelial Cell–Cell Junctions and Lung Metastasis (2012)

Our results indicate that blocking Ang2 inhibits metastatic dissemination in part by enhancing the integrity of endothelial cell-cell junctions.