gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligodendrocyte-lineage cell exocytosis and L-type prostaglandin D synthase promote oligodendrocyte development and myelination (2022)

Summary In the developing central nervous system, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiate into oligodendrocytes, which form myelin around axons. Oligodendrocytes and myelin are essential for the function of the central nervous system, as evidenced by the severe neurological symptoms that arise in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophy. Although many cell-intrinsic mechanisms that regulate oligodendrocyte development and myelination have been reported, it remains unclear whether interactions among oligodendrocyte-lineage cells (OPCs and oligodendrocytes) affect oligodendrocyte development and myelination. Here, we show that blocking vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) 1/2/3-dependent exocytosis from oligodendrocyte-lineage cells impairs oligodendrocyte development, myelination, and motor behavior in mice. Adding oligodendrocyte-lineage cell-secreted molecules to secretion-deficient OPC cultures partially restores the morphological maturation of oligodendrocytes. Moreover, we identified L-type prostaglandin D synthase as an oligodendrocyte-lineage cell-secreted protein that promotes oligodendrocyte development and myelination in vivo . These findings reveal a novel autocrine/paracrine loop model for the regulation of oligodendrocyte and myelin development.
Novel Design Space of Broadband High-Efficiency Parallel-Circuit Class-EF Power Amplifiers (2022)

This article proposes a broadband high-efficiency parallel-circuit (PC) class-EF power amplifier (PA) along with a quarter-wavelength stub for the first time. By adding a reactive element <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${X}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , the design space is expanded so that the impedance terminations of the fundamental and harmonics are no longer fixed points. Based on the broadband capability of the proposed structure, using a GaN HEMT transistor, a proof-of-concept circuit implemented with the Chebyshev impedance transformation network is designed and fabricated. Experimental results demonstrate a high-efficiency broadband PA operating from 2.6-3.9 GHz, with the average efficiency of 71.5%, the measured output power ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}_{\textit {out}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of 38.8-40.9 dBm and the power gain of 8.5-10.6 dB.
Molecular beam epitaxy of InAlN lattice-matched to GaN with homogeneous composition using ammonia as nitrogen source (2012)

InAlN lattice-matched to GaN was grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using ammonia as the nitrogen source. The alloy composition, growth conditions, and strain coherence of the InAlN were verified by high resolution x-ray diffraction ω-2θ scans and reciprocal space maps. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy of the InAlN revealed the absence of lateral composition modulation that was observed in the films grown by plasma-assisted MBE. InAlN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with smooth surfaces were fabricated with electron mobilities exceeding 1600 cm2/Vs and sheet resistances below 244 Ω/sq.
Data from Hemolytic <i>E. coli</i> Promotes Colonic Tumorigenesis in Females (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Bacterial infection is linked to colorectal carcinogenesis, but the species that contribute to a protumorigenic ecology are ill-defined. Here we report evidence that α-hemolysin–positive (&lt;i&gt;hly&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) type I &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt;) drives adenomagenesis and colorectal cancer in human females but not males. We classified &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; into four types using a novel typing method to monitor fimH mutation patterns of fecal isolates from adenoma patients (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;= 59), colorectal cancer patients (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;= 83), and healthy subjects (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;= 85). &lt;i&gt;hly&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; type I &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; was found to be relatively more prevalent in stools from females with adenoma and colorectal cancer, correlating with poor survival in colorectal cancer patients. In mechanistic studies in female mice, we found that &lt;i&gt;hly&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; type 1 &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; activated expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1 and repressed expression of the tumor suppressor BIM. &lt;i&gt;hly&lt;/i&gt;-encoded alpha hemolysin partially accounted for these effects by elevating the levels of HIF1α. Notably, colon tumorigenesis in mice could be promoted by feeding &lt;i&gt;hly&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; type I &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; to female but not male subjects. Collectively, our findings point to hemolytic type I &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; as a candidate causative factor of colorectal cancer in human females, with additional potential as a biomarker of disease susceptibility. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(10); 2891–900. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
High-selectivity etching of polycrystalline 3C-SiC films using HBr-based transformer coupled plasma (2003)

We report a highly selective reactive ion etching process for 3C-SiC films using HBr-based chemistry in a commercial transformer coupled plasma (TCP) etcher. SiO2 and Si3N4 are employed as etch masks. Etch rates for SiC, SiO2, and Si3N4 are measured as functions of chamber pressure and TCP source power. Etch rate ratios of 20:1 for SiC/SiO2 and 22:1 for SiC/Si3N4 are achieved. In addition, a SiC micromechanical resonator is fabricated to demonstrate integration of the etching process into conventional microfabrication technologies.
Fluidic optics (2006)

Fluidic optics is a new class of optical system with real-time tunability and reconfigurability enabled by the introduction of fluidic components into the optical path. We describe the design, fabrication, operation of a number of fluidic optical systems, and focus on three devices, liquid-core/liquid-cladding (L<sup>2</sup>) waveguides, microfluidic dye lasers, and diffraction gratings based on flowing, crystalline lattices of bubbles, to demonstrate the integration of microfluidics and optics. We fabricate these devices in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with soft-lithographic techniques. They are simple to construct, and readily integrable with microanalytical or lab-on-a-chip systems.
Staircase-Voltage Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Driver Circuit for Therapeutic Ultrasound (2010)

An important component of all ultrasound systems is the high-voltage pulse generator used to excite the transducer. We created a new type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switching circuit for therapeutic ultrasound applications, on the basis of the staircase-voltage drive concept. The staircase drive can significantly decrease the harmonics in comparison with the conventional square-wave drive. Since it does not require a resonant circuit to improve the efficiency, the drive frequency can be freely changed and the total size of the drive circuit can be made smaller. Using a diode in series to the drain of each MOSFET, a staircase-voltage driver was created with a relatively simple configuration. The experimental results of operating a prototype driver, as well as the results from circuit simulation, are discussed.
A 0.4V&#x223C;1V 0.2A/mm<sup>2</sup> 70% efficient 500MHz fully integrated digitally controlled 3-level buck voltage regulator with on-die high density MIM capacitor in 22nm tri-gate CMOS (2015)

Monolithic integration of Voltage Regulators (VR) is challenging given the inherent lack of scalability of inductor. Circuit techniques to reduce inductor size are attractive to increase power density and scalability. This paper presents a 70∼72% efficient, 500MHz digitally controlled 3-level Buck VR with a fully on-die spiral inductor implemented on 22nm Tri-Gate CMOS with MIM capacitors. The advantages of the 3-level converter for wide range Dynamic Voltage & Frequency Scaling (DVFS) over traditional solutions like linear regulators & Buck VRs are demonstrated.
Polymeric nanoparticles as a platform for permeability enhancement of class III drug amikacin B Biointerfaces (2018)

Amikacin (A), a water soluble aminoglycoside antibiotic is commercially available for intravenous administration only. Present investigation is aimed at the development of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (A-NPs).¹1Amikacin encapsulated poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles. for oral permeability enhancement of amikacin. The pharmaceutical attributes of the A-NPs revealed particle size, 260.3 ± 2.05 nm, zeta potential, −12.9 ± 1.12 mV and drug content, 40.10 ± 1.87 μg/mg with spherical shape and smooth surface. In vitro antibacterial studies showed that the A-NPs were active against P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and E. coli. The permeation study across rat ileum showed 2.6-fold improvement in Papp for A-NPs than A-S²2Amikacin solution. This increase in permeability is due to the uptake of nanoparticles by Peyer’s patches of intestinal epithelium and endocytic uptake via enterocytes. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated 2.2-fold higher uptake of Rh B-NPs³3Rhodamine B encapsulated poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles. than Rh B-S⁴4Rhodamine B solution. and elucidated the dominance of enterocytes mediated endocytosis of nanoparticles. Furthermore, stability data collected as per ICH guidelines for three months under accelerated conditions had shown that the A-NPs were stable. The purported drug delivery system hence, seems a promising tool to replace successfully the current intravenous therapy and is used to support relevant patient compliance thereby, adding value to the “patient care at home”.
Effects of GNA and other mannose binding lectins on development and fecundity of the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (1996)

International audience
Das Erkennen von Zersetzungen aus Gas-Chromatogrammen. Gas-chromatographische Untersuchung der thermischen Fragmentierung von Acylmalonsäurediäthylestern / Gas Chromatographic Investigation of the Thermal Cleavage of Diethyl Acylmalonate. The Recognition of Decompositions Occuring during Gas Chromatography (1972)

Diethyl acylmalonates are decomposed during gas chromatographic analysis in the metallic injection port and metallic column. Qualitative and quantitative determination of the volatile fragments demonstrates different modes of cleavage. These fragments can be identified as: ethene, carbon dioxide, a methyl ketone, a β-keto acid ethyl ester, ethanol, diethyl malonate and a monocarboxylic ethyl ester.
Tuning Organic Electrochemical Transistor Threshold Voltage using Chemically Doped Polymer Gates (2022)

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have shown promise as transducers and amplifiers of minute electronic potentials due to their large transconductances. Tuning the OECT threshold voltage is important to achieve low-powered devices with amplification properties within the desired operational voltage range. However, traditional design approaches have struggled to decouple channel and materials properties from threshold voltage, thereby compromising on several other OECT performance metrics, such as electrochemical stability, transconductance, and dynamic range. In this work, simple solution-processing methods are utilized to chemically dope polymer gate electrodes, thereby controlling their work function, which in turn tunes the operation voltage range of the OECTs without perturbing their channel properties. Chemical doping of initially air-sensitive polymer electrodes further improves their electrochemical stability in ambient conditions. Thus, OECTs that are simultaneously low-powered and electrochemically resistant to oxidative side reactions under ambient conditions are demonstrated. This approach shows that threshold voltage, which is once interwoven with other OECT properties, can in fact be an independent design parameter, expanding the design space of OECTs.
Integrated process development: The key to improve Fab production in E. coli (2021)

Bioprocess development and optimization is a challenging, costly, and time-consuming effort. In this multidisciplinary task, upstream processing (USP) and downstream processing (DSP) are conventionally considered distinct disciplines. This consideration fosters "one-way" optimization disregarding interdependencies between unit operations; thus, the full potential of the process chain cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to fully integrate USP and DSP process development to provide balanced biotechnological production processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate how different host/secretory signal/antigen binding fragment (Fab) combinations in E. coli expression systems influence USP, primary recovery performance and the final product quality. We ran identical fed-batch cultivations with 16 different expression clones to study growth and product formation kinetics, as well as centrifugation efficiency, viscosity, extracellular DNA, and endotoxin content, important parameters in DSP. We observed a severe influence on cell growth, product titer, extracellular product, and cell lysis, accompanied by a significant impact on the analyzed parameters of DSP performance. Our results provide the basis for future research on integrated process development considering interdependencies between USP and DSP; however, individual products need to be considered specifically. These interdependencies need to be understood for rational decision-making and efficient process development in research and industry.
Supplementary Table 2 from The Association of PI3 Kinase Signaling and Chemoresistance in Advanced Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 63KB, Survival based on signalling output in total population of 88 patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Influence of grain size on the transport properties of Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20/ and Cu thin films (1995)

The conductivity of sputtered Ta/Cu/Ta and Ta/Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20//Ta thin films was measured for a film thickness ranging from 20 to 1500 /spl Aring/. The measured data were analyzed using a semi-classical model for the electron transport, that includes grain boundary scattering, It was found that in these films grain boundaries are an important source of electron scattering, in Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20/ leading to an effective spin dependence of the scattering which is considerably. Smaller than the intrinsic spin dependence of the scattering.
TV White Space in Europe (2011)

In this paper, we study the availability of TV white spaces in Europe. Specifically, we focus on the 470-790 MHz UHF band, which will predominantly remain in use for TV broadcasting after the analog-to-digital switch-over and the assignment of the 800 MHz band to licensed services have been completed. The expected number of unused, available TV channels in any location of the 11 countries we studied is 56 percent when we adopt the statistical channel model of the ITU-R. Similarly, a person residing in these countries can expect to enjoy 49 percent unused TV channels. If, in addition, restrictions apply to the use of adjacent TV channels, these numbers reduce to 25 and 18 percent, respectively. These figures are significantly smaller than those recently reported for the United States. We also study how these results change when we use the Longley-Rice irregular terrain model instead. We show that while the overall expected availability of white spaces is essentially the same, the local variability of the available spectrum shows significant changes. This underlines the importance of using appropriate system models before making far-reaching conclusions.
Co-polymer clad design for high performance athermal photonic circuits (2012)

Ubiquitous, low power consumption and high bandwidth density communication will require passive athermal optical filters for WDM transceivers in Si-CMOS architecture. Two silicon-polymer composite structures, deposited using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate) (pPFDA) and poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate-co-divinyl benzene) p(PFDA-co-DVB), are analyzed as candidates for thermal compensation. The addition of DVB to a fluorinated acrylate backbone reduces the C-F bond density, increases the density in the copolymer and thereby increases refractive index. The addition of DVB also increases the volume expansion coefficient of the copolymer, resulting in an increased thermo-optic (TO) coefficient for the copolymer system. The increased index and TO coefficient of the co-polymer gives improved bend loss, footprint and FSR performance for athermal silicon photonic circuits.
WATER-ASSISTED COLONOSCOPY AND POLYPECTOMY: FIRST INTERNATIONAL DELPHI CONSENSUS STATEMENTS (2020)

Aims Water immersion (WI) and water exchange (WE) are colonoscopy techniques utilizing water for colonoscopy practice. Controversies exists about their definitions, impact on some procedure outcomes, issues related to underwater resection of colorectal lesions (UWP). We conducted an international Delphi consensus among expert endoscopists with interest in WI, WE or conventional colonoscopy to address these controversial issues through a systematic search of literature.
Thioredoxin-Like Protein 2 Is Overexpressed in Colon Cancer and Promotes Cancer Cell Metastasis by Interaction with Ran (2013)

Our findings demonstrate an elevated Txl-2 expression in colon cancer and that Txl-2b promotes cell invasion and metastasis through interaction with Ran and PI3K signaling pathway.
Identification and Imaging of the Nerves Responsible for Erectile Function in Rat Prostate,In Vivo, Using Optical Nerve Stimulation and Optical Coherence Tomography (2007)

The cavernous nerves on the prostate surface are responsible for erectile function. Optical diagnostic tools such as optical coherence tomography and laser nerve stimulation may assist in the identification, imaging, and preservation of these microscopic nerves during prostate cancer surgery, and thus, help preserve sexual function after surgery. The feasibility of noncontact laser stimulation of the cavernous nerves is demonstrated in an in vivo rat prostate model with comparison to conventional electrical nerve stimulation. High-resolution optical coherence tomographic images of the nerves are also obtained and compared with histology. These optical technologies may be suitable as surgical guidance tools during laparoscopic and robotic nerve-sparing prostate cancer surgery.
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Effects on the Primary Lipids of Lung Surfactant (2003)

The effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on lung surfactant are difficult to determine from analysis of human and animal lung lavage due to large variations in surfactant recovery, a lack of uniformity of smoke exposure, and the difficulties inherent in analyzing milligram quantities of a multicomponent biological material. An alternative is to examine specific components of lung surfactant in a Langmuir trough with a subphase conditioned by exposure to known quantities of ETS. Pressure−area isotherms and fluorescence microscopy measurements reveal that both the minimum surface tension and respreading of model lung surfactant monolayers and the morphology of the condensed phases at high lateral pressures are changed on subphases exposed to ETS. ETS alters the distribution and fraction of crystalline lipid domains in the monolayer, which are correlated with the minimum surface tension and monolayer viscosity in pristine lung surfactant monolayers. The minimum surface tension of the dominant lipid species in lung surfactant monolayers steadily increases with increased ETS exposure, and surfactant respreading on monolayer expansion is inhibited, which may lead to an increased work of breathing and an altered distribution of alveolar fluids.
Assessment of a navigation steering algorithm for a vessel towing an array along a preplot: On the RV Marcus G. Langseth expedition MGL1307 data (2017)

This paper presents the modeled performance of a navigation algorithm that steers a vessel so that its towed acquisition devices follow a predefined track in variable sea currents. The present study applies that algorithm on a dataset recorded during a scientific seismic acquisition cruise.
Business morality in less developed countries (1980)

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in corrupt business practices in less developed countries mainly as the result of public exposure of bribes given by large American Corporations to officials or businessmen in certain of these countries. Some leaders of opinion in America have been moved to regard as high priority that legal measures should be introduced in industrial countries to curb business bribery.
Conjugation of Vancomycin with a Single Arginine Improves Efficacy against Mycobacteria by More Effective Peptidoglycan Targeting (2023)

Drug resistant bacterial infections have emerged as one of the greatest threats to public health. The discovery and development of new antimicrobials and anti-infective strategies are urgently needed to address this challenge. Vancomycin is one of the most important antibiotics for the treatment of Gram-positive infections. Here, we introduce the vancomycin-arginine conjugate (V-R) as a highly effective antimicrobial against actively growing mycobacteria and difficult-to-treat mycobacterial biofilm populations. Further improvement in efficacy through combination treatment of V-R to inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis and ethambutol to inhibit arabinogalactan synthesis underscores the ability to identify compound synergies to more effectively target the Achilles heel of the cell-wall assembly. Moreover, we introduce mechanistic activity data and a molecular model derived from a d-Ala-d-Ala-bound vancomycin structure that we hypothesize underlies the molecular basis for the antibacterial improvement attributed to the arginine modification that is specific to peptidoglycan chemistry employed by mycobacteria and distinct from Gram-positive pathogens.
Targeting of dermal myofibroblasts through death receptor 5 arrests fibrosis in mouse models of scleroderma (2019)

Scleroderma is an autoimmune rheumatic disorder accompanied by severe fibrosis in skin and other internal organs. During scleroderma progression, resident fibroblasts undergo activation and convert to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressing myofibroblasts (MFBs) with increased capacity to synthesize collagens and fibrogenic components. Accordingly, MFBs are a major therapeutic target for fibrosis in scleroderma and treatment with blocking MFBs could produce anti-fibrotic effects. TLY012 is an engineered human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) which induces selective apoptosis in transformed cells expressing its cognate death receptors (DRs). Here we report that TLY012 selectively blocks activation of dermal fibroblasts and induces DR-mediated apoptosis in α-SMA<sup>+ </sup>MFBs through upregulated DR5 during its activation. In vivo, TLY012 reverses established skin fibrosis to near-normal skin architecture in mouse models of scleroderma. Thus, the TRAIL pathway plays a critical role in tissue remodeling and targeting upregulated DR5 in α-SMA<sup>+</sup> MFBs is a viable therapy for fibrosis in scleroderma.
Optical bistability and cutoff solitons in photonic bandgap fibers (2004)

We present detailed theoretical and numerical analysis of certain novel non-linear optical phenomena enabled by photonic bandgap fibers. In particular, we demonstrate the feasibility of optical bistability in an axially modulated nonlinear photonic bandgap fiber through analytical theory and detailed numerical experiments. At 1.55microm carrier wavelength, the in-fiber devices we propose can operate with only a few tens of mW of power, have a nearly instantaneous response and recovery time, and be shorter than 100microm. Furthermore, we predict existence of gap-like solitons (which have thus-far been described only in axially periodic systems) in axially uniform photonic bandgap fibers.