gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the operative corridor for the resection of craniopharyngiomas in children: the combined frontoorbitozygomatic temporopolar approach. Technical note. (1997)

Complete extirpation of tumor remains the primary goal of neurosurgeons in treating intracranial craniopharyngiomas. The intimate relationship of these lesions with the structures of the skull base and the difficulties of obtaining adequate operative visualization often make total removal an elusive goal. The authors describe the use of a combined fronto-orbitozygomatic temporopolar craniotomy to maximize the operative corridor and thereby increase the probability of maximum tumor resection without morbidity and mortality. They applied this approach in four children with craniopharyngiomas that involved the sellar and parasellar, third ventricle, cavernous sinus, and interpeduncular fossa regions. The surgical results are summarized with a presentation of pre- and postoperative imaging from two illustrative cases. A detailed description of the operative procedure is provided with a comparison to other previously described surgical approaches.
Radially Polarized Doughnut Beam Emitted by a Two-Dimensional Photonic-Crystal Laser (2007)

Direct generation of a radially polarized doughnut beam from a single-chip semiconductor laser is demonstrated for the first time by using a two-dimensional photonic crystal, which leads to various super-resolution applications in compact optical systems.
Diagnostic Performance of a Saliva Urea Nitrogen Dipstick to Detect Kidney Disease in Malawi (2017)

SUN measured by dipstick can be used to identify patients with KD in a low-resource setting. SUN is an independent predictor of mortality in this population.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycosylated Macrolactam Analogues of the Macrolide Antibiotic YC‐17 (2015)

Abstract YC‐17 is a 12‐membered ring macrolide antibiotic produced from Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 15439 and is composed of the polyketide macrolactone 10‐deoxymethynolide appended with D ‐desosamine. In order to develop structurally diverse macrolactam analogues of YC‐17 with improved therapeutic potential, a combined approach involving chemical synthesis and engineered cell‐based biotransformation was employed. Eight new antibacterial macrolactam analogues of YC‐17 were generated by supplying a novel chemically synthesized macrolactam aglycone to S. venezuelae mutants harboring plasmids capable of synthesizing several unnatural sugars for subsequent glycosylation. Some YC‐17 macrolactam analogues were active against erythromycin‐resistant bacterial pathogens and displayed improved metabolic stability in vitro . The enhanced therapeutic potential demonstrated by these glycosylated macrolactam analogues reveals the unique potential of chemoenzymatic synthesis in antibiotic drug discovery and development. magnified image
Development and Application of Gas Sensing Technologies to Enable Boiler Balancing (2008)

Identifying gas species and their quantification is important for optimization of many industrial applications involving high temperatures, including combustion processes. CISM (Center for Industrial Sensors and Measurements) at the Ohio State University has developed CO, O{sub 2}, NO{sub x}, and CO{sub 2} sensors based on TiO{sub 2} semiconducting oxides, zirconia and lithium phosphate based electrochemical sensors and sensor arrays for high-temperature emission control. The underlying theme in our sensor development has been the use of materials science and chemistry to promote high-temperature performance with selectivity. A review article presenting key results of our studies on CO, NO{sub x}, CO{sub 2} and O{sub 2} sensors is described in: Akbar, Sheikh A.; Dutta, Prabir K. Development and Application of Gas Sensing Technologies for Combustion Processes, PowerPlant Chemistry, 9(1) 2006, 28-33.
FPGA and ASIC Implementations of the eta T Pairing in Characteristic Three. (2008)

Since their introduction in constructive cryptographic applications, pairings over (hyper)elliptic curves are at the heart of an ever increasing number of protocols. As they rely critically on efficient implementations of pairing primitives, the study of hardware accelerators has become an active research area. In this paper, we propose two coprocessors for the reduced ηT pairing introduced by Barreto et al. as an alternative means of computing the Tate pairing on supersingular elliptic curves. We prototyped our architectures on FPGAs. According to our place-and-route results, our coprocessors compare favorably with other solutions described in the open literature. We also present the first ASIC implementation of the reduced ηT pairing.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a polymorphic epitope mainly on HLA‐DPw2 and DPw4 molecules (1989)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb), 13.3.B4, was obtained from a murine hybridoma after fusing Sp2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from C3H mice immunized with mouse L cells transfected with the A1 and B1 genes of HLA-DPw4. In radiobinding-assays, MAb 13.3.B4 bound to HLA transfectants expressing DPw2 or DPw4 as well as DPw2 or DPw4 homozygous B-cell lines, while most cell lines expressing other DP determinants were negative. MAbs with known DP or other HLA class II-specificities were used to inhibit binding of MAb 13.3.B4 in a radioimmunoassay. Three MAbs demonstrated inhibition, but their pattern of reactivity with HLA homozygous B cell lines differed from that of MAb 13.3.B4. An evaluation of DNA sequence data showed that MAb 13.3.B4 reacts with all cell lines expressing DP beta-chains of type 2.1, 2.2, 4.1 or 4.2. No correlation between 13.3.B4-reactivity and expression of DP alpha-chain variants was found. The results indicate that MAb 13.3.B4 defines a polymorphic epitope which may be determined by the sequence gly-gly-pro-met at residues 84-87 of the DP beta-chain.
Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin in the perfused rat pancreas and the effects of HB 699 (4-(2-(5-chloro-2 metoxy-benzamido)-ethyl)-benzoic acid) (1981)

HB 699 (100 micrograms/ml), almost identical with the left residue of the sulphonylurea glibenclamide, enhanced basal insulin and somatostatin release from the perfused rat pancreas. The compound also augmented both the early and late insulin release stimulated by 6.7 mM glucose, while with 16.7 and 33.3 mM glucose only late insulin release was increased. Furthermore, HB 699 enhanced both phases of glucose induced somatostatin release irrespective of whether 6.7, 16.7 or 33.3 mM glucose were used. As for glucagon release, HB 699 suppressed basal and arginine stimulated glucagon secretion. The present findings imply that the sulphonylurea moiety of glibenclamide is not a prerequisite for its stimulatory action on insulin and somatostatin release. It is suggested that the enhanced somatostatin release mediates the inhibitory effect of the compound on glucagon release.
<title>Tantalum oxide nanomers for optical applications</title> (1998)

The synthesis of transparent nanomers by the incorporation of nanoscaled tantalum oxide into an organic-inorganic composite matrix and their subsequent characterization are presented. The matrix materials used consist of a mixture of organically functionalized silanes and polymerizable monomers. The mixture does not exhibit phase separation, even down to the lowest nanometer scale, as revealed by SAXS measurements. The addition of nanoscaled Ta<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> particles (mean particle diameter: 4 nm as determined by photon correlation spectroscopy) aims to increase the refractive index of the nanomers. The preparation of the oxide sol and the optimization of the synthesis with respect to compatibility with the matrix material, thereby avoiding agglomeration effects, is described. After incorporation of the particles in the monomer mixture, a photopolymerization step, followed by curing with a temperature program up to 90 degrees Celsius, led to colorless and transparent monoliths. The volume shrinkage, caused by polymerization, decreases from 8.2% for the unfilled matrix material to 5.8% for a nanomer containing 30 wt.% tantalum oxide. The shrinkage decreases linearly with increasing filler content of tantalum oxide. The increase in refractive index is about 7.4 X 10<SUP>-4</SUP> per wt.% oxide (measured at a wavelength of 546.1 nm). The coloration of the monoliths is expressed as yellowness index G according to DIN 6167. Color values attained for nanometers with up to 15 wt.% tantalum oxide are comparable to values for commercial optical polymer materials. Nanomers containing 15 wt.% tantalum oxide show transparency losses at a wavelength of 850 nm below 0.1 dB/cm.
The Potential of Molecular Indicators of Plant Virus Infection: Are Plants Able to Tell Us They Are Infected? (2022)

To our knowledge, there are no reports that demonstrate the use of host molecular markers for the purpose of detecting generic plant virus infection. Two approaches involving molecular indicators of virus infection in the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> were examined: the accumulation of small RNAs (sRNAs) using a microfluidics-based method (Bioanalyzer); and the transcript accumulation of virus-response related host plant genes, suppressor of gene silencing 3 (<i>AtSGS3</i>) and calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 (<i>AtCPK3</i>) by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The microfluidics approach using sRNA chips has previously demonstrated good linearity and good reproducibility, both within and between chips. Good limits of detection have been demonstrated from two-fold 10-point serial dilution regression to 0.1 ng of RNA. The ratio of small RNA (sRNA) to ribosomal RNA (rRNA), as a proportion of averaged mock-inoculation, correlated with known virus infection to a high degree of certainty. <i>AtSGS3</i> transcript decreased between 14- and 28-days post inoculation (dpi) for all viruses investigated, while <i>AtCPK3</i> transcript increased between 14 and 28 dpi for all viruses. A combination of these two molecular approaches may be useful for assessment of virus-infection of samples without the need for diagnosis of specific virus infection.
Validation of Seattle Heart Failure Model for Mortality Risk Prediction in Patients Treated with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2012)

SHFM performance was found to be modest, tending to overestimate survival. However, SHFM identified a high-risk, globally more compromised patient subgroup, hence supporting a comprehensive approach, which should include nutritional, metabolic, and immunological aspects, as well as defibrillator back-up.
Intercellular signaling dynamics from a single cell atlas of the biomaterials response (2020)

Biomaterials serve as the basis of implants, tissue engineering scaffolds, and multiple other biomedical therapeutics. New technologies, such as single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), are enabling characterization of the biomaterial response to an unprecedented level of detail, facilitating new discoveries in the complex cellular environment surrounding materials. We performed scRNAseq and integrated data sets from multiple experiments to create a single cell atlas of the biomaterials response that contains 42,156 cells from biological extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived and synthetic polyester (polycaprolactone, PCL) scaffold biomaterials implanted in murine muscle wounds. We identified 18 clusters of cells, including natural killer (NK) cells, multiple subsets of fibroblasts, and myeloid cells, many of which were previously unknown in the biomaterial response. To determine intra and intercellular signaling occurring between the numerous cell subsets, including immune-stromal interactions in the biomaterial response, we developed Domino (github.com/chris-cherry/domino), a computational tool which allows for identification of condition specific intercellular signaling patterns connected to transcription factor activation from single cell data. The Domino networks self-assembled into signaling modules and cellular subsets involved in signaling independent of clustering, defining interactions between immune, fibroblast, and tissue-specific modules with biomaterials-specific communication patterns. Further compilation and integration of biomaterials single cell data sets will delineate the impact of materials chemical and physical properties and biological factors, such as anatomical placement, age, or systemic disease, that will direct biomaterials design.
Evaluation of potential mechanisms by which dietary fibre additions reduce the predicted glycaemic index of fresh pastas (2008)

Summary A range of commercially available dietary fibres (DFs), representing both insoluble and soluble forms, were used in the production of pasta. Addition of fibre was at a range of levels (2.5–10%). The potential glycaemic index of these pastas was then evaluated using an in vitro model system to determine starch digestibility and sugar release. Scanning electron microscopy was used to relate structural properties of the pasta to starch degradation. The resulting predicted glycaemic indexes illustrated that the inclusion of DFs into pasta can reduce the glycaemic index of an already low GI food by up to 40%. As such, compared to the predicted glycaemic index value for the control fresh pasta (GI = 45), inclusion of pea fibre, guar gum and locust bean gum yielded pasta with GI values of 39.2, 37.9 and 37 respectively. Thus the type of dietary fibre used was important in the rate of starch digestion observed during the in vitro process. Equally, the level of fibre inclusion was of importance with an inclusion rate of 2.5% generally resulting in pasta with a predictive GI of 42.1, whereas an inclusion of 10% yielded pasta with a GI value of 37.2. Such reductions could be achieved through a number of possible mechanisms including antagonistic and synergistic relationships existing between DF’s and other food components, the effect of DF’s in entrapping pasta particles and thus inhibiting starch degradation, and the restriction of water movement during the cooking of pasta products, thus indicating that starch swelling is impaired.
ChemInform Abstract: New Procedures for the Julia—Colonna Asymmetric Epoxidation: Synthesis of (+)‐Clausenamide. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Size homoplasy in chloroplast microsatellites of wild perennial relatives of soybean (Glycine subgenus Glycine) (1998)

Microsatellites are a rich and readily assayed source of variation for genetic and evolutionary studies. Recently, simple sequence repeats have been identified in the chloroplast genomes of pine (Powell et al. 1995b) and rice (Provan et al. 1996), and also in the cultivated soybean (Glycine max: Leguminosae) and its wild congeners (Powell et al. 1995a). The chloroplast genome has seen wide use in plant systematic studies, but its utility is often limited at lower taxonomic levels by the low amount of divergence frequently observed among closely related taxa (Olmstead and Palmer 1994). Hypervariable chloroplast microsatellites could therefore find wide use if they were shown to be reliable markers for chloroplast phylogeny. As is true with any character, the utility of a given microsatellite in revealing relationships is limited if identical states can arise independently in different taxa—if ‘‘size homoplasy’’ (Estoup et al. 1995) occurs. Size homoplasy can be assessed by comparing the distribution of microsatellite sizes with the phylogeny of the gene (in the coalescent sense) in which the microsatellite resides. For the effectively nonrecombining genome of the chloroplast, this phylogeny can be estimated using characters distributed throughout the entire chloroplast genome. Phylogenetic information of this sort is available for chloroplast genomes of the wild perennial relatives of soybean (Glycine subgenus Glycine). Three major chloroplast genome lineages (‘‘plastome’’ groups) were identified in species of the subgenus based on the occurrence of recognition sites for 29 restriction endonucleases distributed throughout the genome (Doyle, Doyle, and Brown 1990a). Further study with additional enzymes subdivided one of these lineages (Bplastome) into 27 distinct chloroplast haplotypes and showed that the haplotype phylogeny was not concordant with relationships among the diploid species bearing these chloroplast genomes (Doyle, Doyle, and Brown 1990b). Other studies used the same endonuclease site characters to associate B-plastome haplotypes found in polyploids of G. tabacina with those of putative diploid progenitors (Doyle et al. 1990a, 1990b). We studied two chloroplast microsatellites in 54 accessions bearing B-type chloroplast genomes, using DNA samples from previous studies; three G. tabacina polyploid individuals with A-type plastomes were also
RAPID IR HEATING OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS IN THE TESTING CYCLE (2001)

Electronic devices are often tested at elevated temperature after they are manufactured. The time required for testing can be reduced by increasing the rate of heating from ambient to test temperature, particularly if the devices are not removed from their factory carrier trays. This paper describes a new rapid-heating method based on low-cost infrared heaters. A basic model is developed to evaluate the effect of design parameters on temperature uniformity across a component carrier and along the carrier. The model is compared to experimental results.
Multi-User Aware Frame Structure for OFDMA Based System (2012)

In this paper, we propose a multi-user aware frame structure for doubly dispersive channels in order to increase both spectral efficiency and frequency spread immunity of orthogonal frequency division multiple accessing (OFDMA) based systems. Unlike the conventional OFDMA based system where the fixed cyclic prefix duration and subcarrier spacing are utilized within the frame structure considering the worst case communication channel, in the proposed approach, multiple cyclic prefix durations and subcarrier spacings are employed. In order to build the proposed frame structure, the statistics of the mobility and the range of the users are mapped to inter-carrier-interference and maximum excess delay to obtain multiple subcarrier spacings and cyclic prefix durations. As a result, better frequency spread immunity and spectral efficiency are achieved by exploiting the doubly dispersive channel characteristics of the users.
Introduction (2001)

This outstanding collection spanning three decades comprises a superb selection of Charles R. Plott’s work in experimental economics. Market Institutions and Price Discovery contains papers which define problems, create laboratory methodology and produce the first results in many areas of experimental economics.
Structurally Simple Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Arrest the Growth of Malaria Parasites (2005)

Antimalarial compounds: Structurally simple acyclic inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase (active-site model shown) from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum may allow third world countries access to an effective and inexpensive antimalarial therapy to counter the estimated half billion infections that occur annually. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500674_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Data from Loss of PPP2R2A Inhibits Homologous Recombination DNA Repair and Predicts Tumor Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Reversible phosphorylation plays a critical role in DNA repair. Here, we report the results of a loss-of-function screen that identifies the PP2A heterotrimeric serine/threonine phosphatases PPP2R2A, PPP2R2D, PPP2R5A, and PPP2R3C in double-strand break (DSB) repair. In particular, we found that PPP2R2A-containing complexes directly dephosphorylated ATM at S367, S1893, and S1981 to regulate its retention at DSB sites. Increased ATM phosphorylation triggered by PPP2R2A attenuation dramatically upregulated the activity of the downstream effector kinase CHK2, resulting in G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; to S-phase cell-cycle arrest and downregulation of BRCA1 and RAD51. In tumor cells, blocking PPP2R2A thereby impaired the high-fidelity homologous recombination repair pathway and sensitized cells to small-molecule inhibitors of PARP. We found that PPP2R2A was commonly downregulated in non–small cell lung carcinomas, suggesting that PPP2R2A status may serve as a marker to predict therapeutic efficacy to PARP inhibition. In summary, our results deepen understanding of the role of PP2A family phosphatases in DNA repair and suggest PPP2R2A as a marker for PARP inhibitor responses in clinic. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 72(24); 6414–24. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Reversal of oncogene transformation and suppression of tumor growth by the novel IGF1R kinase inhibitor A-928605 (2009)

These results suggest that a selective IGF1R inhibitor such as A-928605 may provide a useful clinical therapeutic for IGF pathway affected tumors and warrants further investigation.
The power of automated high-resolution behavior analysis revealed by its application to mouse models of Huntington's and prion diseases (2007)

Automated analysis of mouse behavior will be vital for elucidating the genetic determinants of behavior, for comprehensive analysis of human disease models, and for assessing the efficacy of various therapeutic strategies and their unexpected side effects. We describe a video-based behavior-recognition technology to analyze home-cage behaviors and demonstrate its power by discovering previously unrecognized features of two already extensively characterized mouse models of neurodegenerative disease. The severe motor abnormalities in Huntington's disease mice manifested in our analysis by decreased hanging, jumping, stretching, and rearing. Surprisingly, behaviors such as resting and grooming were also affected. Unexpectedly, mice with infectious prion disease showed profound increases in activity at disease onset: rearing increased 2.5-fold, walking 10-fold and jumping 30-fold. Strikingly, distinct behaviors were altered specifically during day or night hours. We devised a systems approach for multiple-parameter phenotypic characterization and applied it to defining disease onset robustly and at early time points.