gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aromatic diamidines as antiparasitic agents (2005)

Parasitic infections are widespread in developing countries and frequently associated with immunocompromised patients in developed countries. Consequently, such infections are responsible for a significant amount of human mortality, morbidity and economic hardship. A growing consensus has identified the urgent need for the development of new antiparasitic compounds, mostly due to the large number of drug-resistant parasites and the fact that currently available drugs are expensive, highly toxic, require long treatment regimens and frequently exhibit significantly reduced activity towards certain parasite strains and evolutive stages. In this context, the activity of aromatic diamidines has been explored against a widespread range of micro-organisms, and the authors' present aim is to review the current status of chemotherapy with these compounds against human parasitic infections.
PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation (2021)

Neuroinflammation involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes, release of cytokines and chemokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and oftentimes the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). In its transient form, neuroinflammation is largely protective; however, mounting evidence from clinical and preclinical investigations indicates that prolonged or maladaptive neuroinflammation is a key pathological driver of many neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric illnesses, pain syndromes, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. As our understanding of the anatomical distribution and beneficial versus toxic nature of neuroinflammation is quite limited and derives mainly from preclinical rodent models and static postmortem human brain tissue histology, there is a need to develop tools to study neuroinflammation in living human subjects in real time. Such clinical imaging tools will not only enhance our understanding of neuroinflammation in health and disease in vivo, but also provide a means to effectively assess disease progression and efficacy of novel treatments longitudinally in individual patients. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has enormous potential to improve our understanding of the real-time in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of neuroinflammation. In this chapter, we describe the development and evaluation of radiotracers for PET imaging of neuroimmune targets, including both current and emerging biomarkers of innate and adaptive immune responses in the context of CNS disease. We detail the advantages and limitations of key PET imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation and their respective radiotracers. Lastly, we describe the ideal characteristics of a neuroinflammation imaging biomarker, what we have learned from the shortcomings of older biomarkers (e.g., translator protein 18 kDa; TSPO), and some exciting new possible directions for the field.
Iron-Mediated Allylic Substitution Reactions with Chirality Transfer. Stereochemistry of the Formation of Diastereo- and Enantiomerically Enriched Olefinic and Allylic Tetracarbonyl Iron Complexes (2001)

(E)-Configurated allylic ligands (S)-6a−f and (S)-8, bearing a leaving group at C(3) (allylic position) and an electron acceptor substituent at C(1), were synthesized from enantiopure (S)-ethyl lactate [(S)-1]. Complexation with Fe2(CO)9 (13) afforded diastereomeric mixtures of their (η2-alkene)tetracarbonyliron(0) complexes 14a‘/a‘ ‘−f‘/f‘ ‘ (acceptor group, Acc = SO2Ph) and 15‘/‘ ‘ (Acc = CO2Me) (48% − quant.; de < 3−70%), each diastereomer in enantiopure form (Note: descriptors ‘ and ‘ ‘ denote major and minor diastereomer). Synthetically useful results were obtained for allylic ligands bearing a benzylic protecting group [(S)-6a and (S)-8] and using hexane or diethyl ether as solvent (14a‘/a‘ ‘: quant., de = 70%; 15‘/‘ ‘: 75−88%, de = 10−16%). Complexes 14a‘/a‘ ‘ were fractionally crystallized, and their molecular structures were determined by X-ray diffraction, allowing for an assignment of the absolute configurations of complexes 14a‘/a‘ ‘−f‘/f‘ ‘ and 15‘/‘ ‘. “W”-shaped complexes 14a‘, 15‘ ‘ (Ψ-exo-14,15) were expected to yield syn-Me,syn-Acc-configured and “S”-shaped complexes 14a‘ ‘, 15‘ (Ψ-endo-14,15) accordingly anti-Me,syn-Acc-configured cationic complexes 18 and 19 upon treatment with HBF4. Complex 14a‘ (de = ee > 99%) reacted quantitatively to the syn-Me-substituted (η3-allyl)tetracarbonyliron(1+) complex 18‘ (syn-Me,syn-SO2Ph-18) (syn-Me/anti-Me > 99:1, ee > 99%). Diastereomeric mixtures of complexes 14a‘/a‘ ‘ gave mixtures of complexes 18‘, 18‘ ‘ (anti-Me,syn-SO2Ph-18) and ent-18‘ ‘ (ent-syn-Me,syn-SO2Ph-18). Conversion of complex 14a‘ ‘ to 18‘ ‘ or complex 18‘ ‘ itself was subjected to an anti-Me → syn-Me isomerization process, yielding eventually a diastereomeric mixture of complexes 18‘ ‘ and ent-18‘ ‘, thus lowering the overall enantiomeric purity of syn-Me,syn-SO2Ph-substituted complexes 18. Conversion of a mixture of 15‘/‘ ‘ (de = 10%) to cationic complexes 19‘/‘ ‘ did not exhibit significant anti-Me → syn-Me isomerization (syn-Me:anti-Me = 1:1.19, ee > 96% for both diastereomers). Nucleophilic anti-addition of silyl enol ether 20 to complex 18‘ or silyl ketene acetal 21 to a complex mixture 19‘/‘ ‘ afforded enantiopure alkenyl sulfone (R)-23 or ester (S)-24 (82% − quant., ee >96 to >99%). Addition to a complex mixture containing 18‘, 18‘ ‘, and ent-18‘ yielded 23, albeit with lower enantiomeric purity (ee = 59−66%). The chirality transfer process of the iron-mediated allylic substitution proceeds with overall retention (double inversion) of stereochemistry with respect to the stereogenic center of the starting materials, conservation of (E)-double bond geometry, and complete γ-regioselectivity for the nucleophilic addition reactions. Differences of configurative stability of the anti-configured Me groups in the cationic π-allyl complexes 18‘ ‘ and 19‘ were found requiring appropriate consideration if used in stereocontrolled organic synthesis.
Fast and robust adaptation of organs-at-risk delineations from planning scans to match daily anatomy in pre-treatment scans for online-adaptive radiotherapy of abdominal tumors (2018)

The validated DIR showed potential for online-adaptive radiotherapy of abdominal tumors as it achieved considerably high geometric and dosimetric correspondences with the expert-drawn OAR delineations, albeit in a fraction of time required by experts.
Integrating microfluidic generation, handling and analysis of biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles (2014)

The key roles played by phospholipids in many cellular processes, has led to the development of model systems, to explore both lipid-lipid and lipid-peptide interactions. Biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles represent close facsimiles of in vivo cellular membranes, although currently their widespread use in research is hindered by difficulties involving their integration into high-throughput techniques, for exploring membrane biology intensively in situ. This paper presents an integrated microfluidic device for the production, manipulation and high-throughput analysis of giant unilamellar vesicles. Its utility is demonstrated by exploring the lipid interaction dynamics of the pore-forming antimicrobial peptide melittin, assessed through the release of fluorescent dyes from within biomimetic vesicles, with membrane compositions similar to mammalian plasma membranes.
Nitric oxide synthase gene transfer for erectile dysfunction in a rat model (2003)

Myoblast-mediated gene therapy was more successful for delivering iNOS into the corpus cavernosum than direct adenovirus injection or plasmid transfection. Surprisingly, implanting muscle cells into the penis is not only feasible but also beneficial. Gene therapy for NOS may open new avenues of treatment for erectile dysfunction. Control of NOS expression would be necessary to prevent priapism.
Energy conversion technologies for advanced radioisotope and nuclear reactor power systems for future planetary exploration (2003)

This paper examined candidate energy conversion technologies for advanced radioisotope and space nuclear reactor power systems, including three static, SiGe, segmented and cascaded thermoelectric, and alkali-metal thermal-to-electric conversion, and two dynamic, free piston Stirling and closed Brayton engines; each is at a different technology readiness level (TRL). The eventual selection of the appropriate technology for a class of missions would be based not only on the TRL, but also on considerations of safety, systems' specific power, mission lifetime, specific radiator area (m/sup 2//kWe), and the overall system's mass and size. Other important considerations are modularity, reliability, scalability, load following, power management and distribution requirements, radiation hardness integration into the spacecraft, and absence of single point failures.
Networks of non-homogeneous M/G/[infinity] systems (1989)

Cover title. Submitted to Performance Evaluation, 1989--Cover. On t.p. [infinity] appears as the symbol.
Octave spanning supercontinuum generation in silicon from 1.1 μm to beyond 2.4 μm (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text N. Singh, M. Xin, D. Vermeulen, K. Shtyrkova, E. S. Magden, P. T. Callahan, N. Li, A. Ruocco, N. Fahrenkopf, D. D. Coolbaugh, B. P. -. Kuo, S. Radic, E. Ippen, F. X. Kärtner, and M. R. Watts, "Octave spanning supercontinuum generation in silicon from 1.1 μm to beyond 2.4 μm," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper STu4J.7. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
ChemInform Abstract: (2.2)(4,4′)Azobenzenophane. Synthesis, Structure, and cis‐trans Isomerization. (1990)

Abstract The title compound (II) (P2 1 /a; Z=4) is synthesized by the reduction of the readily available bis(nitrophenyl)ethane (I).
The Influence of the Molecular Structure on the Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Pyroelectric Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1998)

Pyroelectric Liquid Crystal Polymers (PLCP), a novel class of material with intrinsic polar order developed in our laboratory, are discussed. Thin films (2-4µm) of PLCP were prepared by photopolymerization of ferroelectric liquid crystalline monomers in the chiral smectic C (SmC*) phase. The poly(acrylate) materials have been structurally modified in order to improve their nonlinear optical and thermal properties. Further are their longterm nonlinear optical properties discussed based on results from second harmonic generation (SHG), spontaneous polarization (Ps), and dielectric spectroscopy.
Quasi-periodic planar metamaterial substrates (2005)

We report our experimental and theoretical studies on a metamaterial substrate consisting of a quasi-periodic metallic planr pattern and a flat metal sheet, interconnected through metallic vias. We show that this structure possesses multiple in-phase reflection frequency regimes and spectral gaps for transverse-magnetic surface waves, whereas the transverse-electric surface waves are suppressed in all frequencies. In particular, an antenna put on top of this planar structure radiates with very high directivity (D=240) at some frequencies. This phenomenon is mainly governed by the inhomogeneity of the structure, which is a collective effect of perfect magnetic and electric conductors operating simultaneously at the frequency.
12.8 A BJT-based CMOS temperature sensor with a 3.6pJ·K2-resolution FoM (2014)

This paper presents a precision BJT-based temperature sensor implemented in standard CMOS. Its interface electronics consists of a continuous-time duty-cycle modulator [1], whose output can be easily interfaced to a microcontroller, rather than the discrete-time ΔΣ modulators of most previous work [2-4]. This approach leads to high resolution (3mK in a 2.2ms measurement time) and high energy efficiency, as expressed by a resolution FoM of 3.6pJK <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is a 3× improvement on the state of the art [4,5]. By employing chopping, dynamic element matching and a single room temperature trim, the sensor also achieves a spread of less than ±0.15°C (3σ) from -45 to 130°C.
Insulin sensitivity by oral glucose minimal models: validation against clamp (2005)

Measuring insulin sensitivity in the presence of physiological changes in glucose and insulin concentrations, e.g., during a meal or OGTT, is important to better understand insulin resistance in a variety of metabolic conditions. Recently, two oral minimal models have been proposed to measure overall insulin sensitivity (S(I)) and its selective effect on glucose disposal (S(I)*) from oral tests. S(I) and S(I)* have been successfully validated against multiple tracer meal estimates, but validation against euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp estimates is lacking. Here, we do so in 21 subjects who underwent both a multiple-tracer OGTT and a labeled euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Correlation between minimal-model S(I), S(I) and corresponding clamp estimates S(I)(*clamp), S(I)(*clamp) was satisfactory, respectively r = 0.81, P < 0.001, and r = 0.71, P < 0.001. S(I) was significantly lower than S(I)(clamp) (8.08 +/- 0.89 vs. 13.66 +/- 1.69 10(-4) dl.kg(-1).min(-1) per microU/ml, P = 0.0002), whereas S(I) and S(I)(*clamp) were very similar (8.17 +/- 1.59 vs. 8.84 +/- 1.39 10(-4) dl.kg(-1).min(-1) per microU/ml, P = 0.52). These results add credibility to the oral minimal-model method as a simple and reliable physiological tool to estimate S(I) and S(I)*, also in large-scale clinical trials.
Advanced image guidance for prostatic artery embolization – a multicenter technical note (2021)

This technical note puts forth a consensus optimized imaging workflow and best practices, with the hope of helping drive adoption of the procedure, deliver good clinical outcomes, and minimize radiation dose levels and contrast media injections while making PAE procedures shorter and safer.
Exploiting Excess Masking for Audio Compression (1999)

In order to improve audio coding performance, excess masking has been employed for the compression of complex audio signals. A new algorithm is developed to classify and pre-process maskers. A psychoacoustic model is used to estimate simultaneous masking threshold. This masking threshold is used for quantizing audio signal coefficients in the frequency domain. Preliminary test results show improved coding efficiency.
Formation Testing and Sampling Using an Oval Pad in Al Hamd Field, Egypt (2006)

Abstract Carbonate rocks, thinly bedded sands and naturally fractured reservoirs can exhibit a very challenging logging environment when pressure testing and fluid sampling are required. The challenge is due to, at least, reservoir heterogeneity, the nature of matrix and secondary pore systems, and the difficulty of sealing the probes on testing tools. An Oval Pad was introduced to help overcome all of these challenges. The Oval Pad covers a vertical section of the well bore, giving it the sealing advantages of a straddle packer but still maintaining the operational flexibility of a probe. In particular, the Oval Pad design ensures an effective seal for the probe during formation testing and fluid sampling in the presence of vuggy and/or fractured carbonate rocks. In addition to the increased vertical sealing area, the oval shape can reduce the sampling time due to a focusing effect the pad has on near-wellbore flow. A multiphase simulator is used to demonstrate this effect in homogeneous and layered zones. Simulations show that when the complete testing system performance is considered, the Oval Pad reduces pumping times compared to a standard probe. Field examples from a Miocene Nullipore carbonate reservoir in the Al Hamd field in the Gulf of Suez are used to demonstrate the applications of the Oval Pad. The wireline micro-resistivity imager was also used to help characterize the zone and to facilitate test point identification. This field data is compared to numerical simulations to show the advantages of the Oval Pad design over both standard probes and straddle packer options. Examples included demonstrate the value of integrating both imaging and pressure sampling data into the overall petrophysical understanding of reservoir characteristics.
Maintenance lenalidomide in combination with 5‐azacitidine as post‐remission therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (2015)

In this Phase 1b study, the safety and tolerability of maintenance therapy, comprising lenalidomide (0-25 mg, days 5-25) in combination with azacitidine (50-75 mg/m(2) , days 1-5) every 28 d, was explored in 40 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in complete remission after chemotherapy. Eligibility included AML in first complete remission (CR1) with adverse risk karyotype (n = 8), fms-related tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) (n = 5), age ≥60 years (n = 31) or AML in second remission (CR2) (n = 14). Dose-limiting toxicity was not reached. Common toxicities were haematological, infection, injection pain, constipation, fatigue and diarrhoea. In CR1, median relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was 12 and 20 months, respectively. In CR2, median RFS was 11 months, with median OS not yet reached. Among 29 patients with intermediate cytogenetic risk, RFS was 50% at 24 months. There were five patients with concomitant FLT3-ITD and nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutation; none have relapsed and all are still alive after 17-39 months. Maintenance lenalidomide/azacitidine augmented the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, particularly in patients with NPM1 mutation. The lenalidomide/azacitidine maintenance combination was effective in suppressing residual DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A)-positive disease, resulting in sustained remission in patients with concurrent NPM1 mutation. Azacitidine/lenalidomide as maintenance therapy for high-risk AML warrants further exploration.
Probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy is associated with long‐term persistence of 8‐week sustained unresponsiveness and long‐lasting quality‐of‐life improvement (2022)

Kuang-Chih Hsiao reports speaker and consultant fees from Danone Nutricia. Audrey Dunn Galvin reports having received consultant fees from DBV Technologies and Aimmune Therapeutics (research grant; advisory panel). Mimi LK Tang reports having received consultant fees from Pfizer, is an employee of, and holding share options/interest in, Prota Therapeutics and being an inventor on patents covering PPOIT. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Cardiac spiral imaging in computed tomography without ECG using complementary projections for motion detection (2003)

We present a novel approach for cardiac motion detection called Cardiac Motion Detection with Complementary Projections (CMDC), which can complement or even supersede the information of the patient's ECG in multi-slice cardiac imaging. High image quality can be obtained using dedicated ECG-correlated cardiac reconstruction algorithms. These algorithms require information about the cardiac motion, usually the simultaneously recorded ECG to correlate it to the reconstruction. We developed a method to estimate cardiac motion directly from the measured CT raw data. In contrast to the ECG that is a global measurement of the heart's electrical excitation CMDC computes a local measure of heart motion at any scanned z-position using complementary projections. Using a series of data processing steps the synchronization information necessary for phase-correlated algorithms is extracted from the motion correlated CMDC signal. Evaluations of both computer simulations and patient measurements using multi-slice scanners have shown a high correlation between ECG and the CMDC signal. However, a significant phase shift between CMDC and ECG signal during scanning of the atria region was observed. Bot hthe ECG function and the CMDC signal were used for phase correlated reconstruction. Only minor differences in image quality between both approaches were detected, hence hte CMDC method might enhance the practicability of cardiac volume imaging in the future. CMDC-correlated reconstructions might also improve imaging of pericardial lung areas.
CLDP Robust Planarization for Geographic Face Routing - eScholarship (2005)

Geographic routing algorithms are attractive for wireless ad hoc networks because they have been shown to scale better than other alternatives they require per-node state independent of network size, dependent only on network density. More recently, geographic routing algorithms have been proposed for use as a routing primitive for static sensor networks, as building blocks for data storage and flexible query processing in sensor networks, and even as a fallback routing mechanism for reduced state routing in the Internet.
Thermodynamic Interactions in Multicomponent Polymer Blends (1996)

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to probe the thermodynamic interactions in multicomponent polymer blends including ternary blends containing two homopolymers and a block copolymer, mixtures of a homopolymer and a block copolymer, and a blend of two block copolymers. The polymers used for this study were model polyolefinspoly(ethylbutylene) and poly(methylbutylene) homopolymers and a poly(ethylbutylene)-block-poly(methylbutylene) copolymer. SANS profiles from homogeneous blends were measured over a wide range of blend composition, component molecular weights, and temperature. The Flory−Huggins interaction parameters, χ, in multicomponent mixtures were obtained from comparisons between the SANS data and theoretical predictions based on the multicomponent random phase approximation (RPA). At all temperatures, the multicomponent χ parameters were independent of blend composition, molecular weight and molecular architecture of the components. They were thus within experimental error of those obtained from binary homopolymer blends. All our measurements on this system are in agreement with the Flory−Huggins theory of polymer blends.
Ultrasound and Microbubble-targeted Delivery of a microRNA Inhibitor to the Heart Suppresses Cardiac Hypertrophy and Preserves Cardiac Function (2019)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are dysregulated in pathological left ventricular hypertrophy. AntimiR inhibition of miR-23a suppressed hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy in preclinical models, but clinical translation is limited by a lack of cardiac-targeted delivery systems. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble cavitation (UTMC) utilizes microbubbles as nucleic acid carriers to target delivery of molecular therapeutics to the heart. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of UTMC targeted delivery of antimiR-23a to the hearts of mice for suppression of hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. <b>Methods:</b> Cationic lipid microbubbles were loaded with 300 pmol negative control antimiR (NC) or antimiR-23a. Mice received continuous phenylephrine infusion via implanted osmotic minipumps, then UTMC treatments with intravenously injected antimiR-loaded microbubbles 0, 3, and 7 days later. At 2 weeks, hearts were harvested and miR-23a levels were measured. Left ventricular (LV) mass and function were assessed with echocardiography. <b>Results:</b> UTMC treatment with antimiR-23a decreased cardiac miR-23a levels by 41 ± 8% compared to UTMC + antimiR-NC controls (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Furthermore, LV mass after 1 week of phenylephrine treatment was 17 ± 10% lower following UTMC + antimiR-23a treatment compared to UTMC + antimiR-NC controls (<i>p</i> = 0.02). At 2 weeks, fractional shortening was 23% higher in the UTMC + antimiR-23a mice compared to UTMC + antimiR-NC controls (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <b>Conclusions:</b> UTMC is an effective technique for targeted functional delivery of antimiRs to the heart causing suppression of cardiac hypertrophy and preservation of systolic function. This approach could represent a revolutionary therapy for patients suffering from pathological cardiac hypertrophy and other cardiovascular conditions.