gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy efficient and fault-tolerant broadcast protocol in wireless ad-hoc networks (2009)

To achieve efficient broadcasting with low interference and low energy consumption, each node optimizes its transmission power. In a tree-based topology, the message of node u can be overheard by nodes which are in the region of transmission radius of node u but not in a logical neighborhood of u. Therefore, some protocols have been proposed to reduce energy consumption by using overhearing. Since using the minimum energy to reach its neighboring nodes weakens the network connectivity, fault-tolerant topologies have been proposed. However, there is no broadcast protocol which takes into account of the reliability of transmissions. We propose a fault-tolerant broadcast protocol which uses overhearing to reduce energy consumption, while maintaining reliability of its transmissions.
Chronic administration of a positive allosteric modulator at the α5-GABAA receptor reverses age-related dendritic shrinkage (2020)

ABSTRACT Over the last 15 years, worldwide life expectancy increased by 5 years jumping from 66 years to 71 years. With progress in science, medicine, and care we tend to live longer. Such extended life expectancy is still associated with age-related changes, including in the brain. The aging brain goes through various changes that can be called morphomolecular senescence. Overall, the brain volume changes, neuronal activity is modified and plasticity of the cells diminishes, sometimes leading to neuronal atrophy and death. Altogether, these changes contribute to the emergence of cognitive decline that still does not have an efficient treatment available. Many studies in the context of cognitive decline focused on pathological aging, targeting β-amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease, for example. However, β-amyloid plaques are also present in healthy adults and treatments targeting plaques have failed to improve cognitive functions. In order to improve the quality of life of aging population, it is crucial to focus on the development of novel therapies targeting different systems altered during aging, such as the GABAergic system. In previous studies, it has been shown that positive allosteric modulators (PAM) acting at the α5-containing GABA-A receptors improve cognitive performances, and that these α5-GABA-A receptors are implicated in dendritic growth of pyramidal neurons. Here, we hypothesized that targeting the α5-GABA-A receptors could contribute to the reduction of cognitive decline, directly through activity of the receptors, and indirectly by increasing neuronal morphology. Using primary neuronal culture and chronic treatment in mice, we demonstrated that an α5-PAM increased dendritic length, spine count and spine density in brain regions involved in cognitive processes (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus). We also confirmed the procognitive efficacy of the α5-PAM and showed that the washout period diminishes the precognitive effects without altering the effect on neuronal morphology. Future studies will be needed to investigate what downstream mechanisms responsible for the neurotrophic effect of the α5-PAM.
Oncologic Outcomes of ABO Incompatible Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2018)

Introduction ABO incompatible living donor liver transplantation (ABOi LDLT) could be one of the treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to overcome organ scarcity. However, desensitization protocol including B cell depletion besides traditional T cell suppression could be a risk factor for HCC recurrence that is a major cause of graft failure and patient death. There is no enough data of ABOi LT for HCC patients. Herein, we analyzed oncologic outcomes of ABOi LDLT comparing to ABO compatible LDLT. Method The data of 101 recipients who underwent LDLT for HCC were prospectively collected and reviewed. Of the patients, 21 patients underwent ABOi LT. We compared the pre- and post-transplant tumor factors, HCC recurrence and survival between ABOi and ABOc LT. Result There was no significant difference in pre-transplant tumor staging, recipient and donor demographics between the groups. One and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates were 89.8% and 86.9% for the ABOc LT group and 85.4% and 80.1% for the ABOi LT, respectively (P=0.439). One and 3-year overall survival rates were 96.3% and 88.1% for the ABOc LT group and 90.5% and 85.2% for the ABOi LT, respectively (P=0.651). In multivariate analysis, a pre-transplant AFP level over 400 ng/mL and a poorly differentiated HCC were the independent risk factor for HCC recurrence. A pre-transplant AFP level over 400 ng/mL were related to poor patient survival. Conclusion The HCC recurrence survival and overall survival of ABOi LT were comparable to those of ABOc LT. ABOi LT is safe and feasible option for HCC patients.
Recurrent Neural Network for Classification of Snoring and Non-Snoring Sound Events (2018)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder that affects up to 38% of the western population. It is characterized by repetitive episodes of partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. These episodes are almost always accompanied by loud snoring. Questionnaires such as STOP-BANG exploit snoring to screen for OSA. However, they are not quantitative and thus do not exploit its full potential. A method for automatic detection of snoring in whole-night recordings is required to enable its quantitative evaluation. In this study, we propose such a method. The centerpiece of the proposed method is a recurrent neural network for modeling of sequential data with variable length. Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, which were extracted from snoring and non-snoring sound events, were used as inputs to the proposed network. A total of 20 subjects referred to clinical sleep recording were also recorded by a microphone that was placed 70 cm from the top end of the bed. These recordings were used to assess the performance of the proposed method. When it comes to the detection of snoring events, our results show that the proposed method has an accuracy of 95%, sensitivity of 92%, and specificity of 98%. In conclusion, our results suggest that the proposed method may improve the process of snoring detection and with that the process of OSA screening. Follow-up clinical studies are required to confirm this potential.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone in patients with chronic pain (1987)

Concentrations of methadone in plasma, estimates of pain relief, and pupillary size were determined after a single intravenous dose (10 to 30 mg) of methadone hydrochloride to eight patients with chronic pain, five of whom had cancer. The pharmacokinetic parameter estimates reveal rapid and extensive distribution (Varea) and a slow apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) (mean Varea = 3.59 L/kg and harmonic mean t1/2 = 23 hours). The harmonic mean blood clearance is 106 ml/min, the harmonic mean renal clearance is 3.9 ml/min, the mean hepatic extraction ratio is 0.089, and plasma protein binding is 86% to 89%. These results suggest that only the free (unbound) fraction of methadone present in blood is extracted by the liver and that methadone can be classified as a low (hepatic)-extraction drug. The data were fit to a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model to obtain estimates of the steady-state plasma methadone concentration required to produce 50% of the maximum pain relief. This value varied from 0.04 to 1.13 micrograms/ml (mean = 0.29 micrograms/ml). These results indicate substantial interindividual variation in the relationship between changes in plasma methadone concentration and analgesia in patients with chronic pain receiving opioids. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model may be useful for the individualization of analgesic dosage and therefore the optimization of pain management in patients with chronic pain.
High-power CW oscillation of 1.3-µm wavelength InP-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (2022)

We demonstrate high-power continuous-wave (CW) lasing oscillation of 1.3-µm wavelength InP-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs). Single-mode operation with an output power of over 100 mW, a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of over 50 dB, and a narrow single-lobe beam with a divergence angle of below 1.2° are successfully achieved by using a double-lattice photonic crystal structure consisting of high-aspect-ratio deep air holes. The double lattice is designed to enhance both the in-plane optical feedback and the surface radiation effects in the photonic crystal. The coupling coefficients for 180 <sup>∘</sup>, +90 <sup>∘</sup>, and -90 <sup>∘</sup> diffractions are estimated from the measurements of the photonic band structure as κ<sub>1D</sub> = 417 cm<sup>-1</sup>, κ<sub>2D+</sub> = 135 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and κ<sub>2D-</sub> = 65 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The stable single-mode, high-beam-quality operation is attributed to these large coupling coefficients introduced by the asymmetric double-lattice structure.
A genetic analysis of DNA sequence requirements for Dissociation state I activity in tobacco. (1993)

Our objective was to test whether the double Ds structure correlated with Dissociation state I activity (i.e., high frequency of chromosome breakage and low frequency of reversion) in maize exhibited similar properties in tobacco. A genetic assay was established to test double Ds and related structures for their ability to cause loss of the linked marker genes streptomycin phosphotransferase and beta-glucuronidase in transgenic tobacco. An engineered double Ds element and a simple Ds element showed behavior consistent with that of state I and state II Ds elements, respectively, as described for maize. DNA structural rearrangements accompanied marker gene loss. Dissection of the double Ds structure showed that a left end and a right end of Ds in direct orientation were sufficient for the instability observed. This result suggested that left and right ends of Ds in direct orientation can participate in aberrant transposition events, consistent with two different models for double Ds-induced chromosome breakage proposed previously. Both models predict that the inversion of a half Ds element accompanies the aberrant transposition event. Such an inversion was detected by polymerase chain reaction experiments in tobacco and maize only when Activator activity was present in the genome.
Compression technique for plume hyperspectral images (2005)

The authors recently developed a hyperspectral image output option for a standardized government code designed to predict missile exhaust plume infrared signatures. Typical predictions cover the 2- to 5-m wavelength range (2000 to 5000 cm-1) at 5 cm-1 spectral resolution, and as a result the hyperspectral images have several hundred frequency channels. Several hundred hyperspectral plume images are needed to span the full operational envelope of missile altitude, Mach number, and aspect angle. Since the net disk storage space can be as large as 100 GB, a Principal Components Analysis is used to compress the spectral dimension, reducing the volume of data to just a few gigabytes. The principal challenge was to specify a robust default setting for the data compression routine suitable for general users, who are not necessarily specialists in data compression. Specifically, the objective was to provide reasonable data compression efficiency of the hyperspectral imagery while at the same time retaining sufficient accuracy for infrared scene generation and hardware-in-the-loop test applications over a range of sensor bandpasses and scenarios. In addition, although the end users of the code do not usually access the detailed spectral information contained in these hyperspectral images, this information must nevertheless be of sufficient fidelity so that atmospheric transmission losses between the missile plume and the sensor could be reliably computed as a function of range. Several metrics were used to determine how far the plume signature hyperspectral data could be safely compressed while still meeting these end-user requirements.
MR imaging of shear waves generated by focused ultrasound (2000)

This study has shown that magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can detect shear waves excited by focused ultrasound (FUS) in both gel phantoms and ex vivo muscle. Good agreement was shown between the shear modulus measured from MRE images generated using FUS and that using previously reported MRE techniques. The shear wave displacement amplitude at the FUS focus was studied and found to be proportional with both FUS ultrasonic pulse intensity and the FUS modulation pulse period over the range tested.
Two-dimensionality of metallic surface conduction in Co3Sn2S2 thin films (2021)

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) surface of the topological materials is an attractive channel for the electrical conduction reflecting the linearly-dispersive electronic bands. Thickness-dependent sheet conductance measurement is a reliable method to evaluate the 2D and three-dimensional (3D) electrical conducting channel separately but has rarely been applied for Weyl semimetals. By applying this method to thin films of a Weyl semimetal Co 3 Sn 2 S 2 , here we show that the 2D conducting channel clearly emerges under the ferromagnetic phase, indicating a formation of the Fermi arcs projected from Weyl nodes. Comparison between 3D conductivity and 2D conductance provides the effective thickness of the surface conducting region being estimated to be approximately 20 nm, which would reflect the Weyl feature of electronic bands of the Co 3 Sn 2 S 2 . The emergent surface conduction will provide a pathway to activate quantum and spintronic transport features stemming from a Weyl node in thin-film-based devices.
High-Speed Software Data Plane via Vectorized Packet Processing (2018)

In the last decade, a number of frameworks started to appear that implement, directly in userspace with kernel-bypass mode, high-speed software data plane functionalities on commodity hardware. Vector Packet Processor (VPP) is one of such frameworks, representing an interesting point in the design space in that it offers, in userspace networking, the flexibility of a modular router (Click and variants), with the benefits provided by techniques such as batch processing that have become commonplace in high-speed networking stacks (such as netmap or DPDK). Similarly to Click, VPP lets users arrange functions as a processing graph, providing a full-blown stack of network functions. However, unlike Click, where the whole tree is traversed for each packet, in VPP each traversed node processes all packets in the batch (called vector) before moving to the next node. This design choice enables several code optimizations that greatly improve the achievable processing throughput. This article introduces the main VPP concepts and architecture, and experimentally evaluates the impact of design choices (such as batch packet processing) on performance.
Phosphate transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Involvement of a periplasmic phosphate-binding protein (1984)

A binding protein for inorganic phosphate was purified to apparent homogeneity from the shock fluids of phosphate-limited Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The purified protein bound one molecule of phosphate per molecule of binding protein with an average Kd of 0.34 microM. Arsenate, pyrophosphate and polyphosphates up to 15 units long could inhibit the binding of phosphate to the binding protein, although organic phosphates, such as glucose 6-phosphate, glycerol 3-phosphate and adenosine 5'-monophosphate could not. Mutants lacking the phosphate-binding protein were isolated and shown to be deficient in phosphate transport compared with wild-type cells. Two kinetically distinct systems for phosphate uptake could be observed in wild-type cells, with apparent Km values of 0.46 +/- 0.10 microM (high affinity) and 12.0 +/- 1.6 microM (low affinity). In contrast, only a single low-affinity transport system was observable in mutants lacking the binding protein (Km apparent = 19.3 +/- 1.4 microM Pi), suggesting the involvement of the binding protein in the inducible high-affinity phosphate-uptake system of P. aeruginosa.
App-based saccade latency and error determination across the adult age spectrum (2020)

We aid in neurocognitive monitoring outside the hospital environment by enabling app-based measurements of visual reaction time (saccade latency) and error rate in a cohort of subjects spanning the adult age spectrum. Methods: We developed an iOS app to record subjects with the frontal camera during pro- and anti-saccade tasks. We further developed automated algorithms for measuring saccade latency and error rate that take into account the possibility that it might not always be possible to determine the eye movement from app-based recordings. Results: To measure saccade latency on a tablet, we ensured that the absolute timing error between on-screen task presentation and the camera recording is within 5 ms. We collected over 235,000 eye movements in 80 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 92 years, with 96% of recorded eye movements either declared good or directional errors. Our error detection code achieved a sensitivity of 0.97 and a specificity of 0.97. Confirming prior reports, we observed a positive correlation between saccade latency and age while the relationship between error rate and age was not significant. Finally, we observed significant intra- and inter-subject variations in saccade latency and error rate distributions, which highlights the importance of individualized tracking of these visual digital biomarkers. Conclusion and Significance: Our system and algorithms allow ubiquitous tracking of saccade latency and error rate, which opens up the possibility of quantifying patient state on a finer timescale in a broader population than previously possible.
Design and implementation of PI controller for the hybrid energy system (2016)

The energy storage (e.g. battery)is a key issue for traction applications like electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Battery for EVs/HEVs must provide higher power and energy density, smaller size, a longer cycle-life and a lower cost. In general, battery lacks power as required by EVs, fortunately that can be provided by capacitors. That necessitates development of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) using a battery with higher energy density and capacitor with higher power. Moreover, in order to achieve a better drive range and improve performance of the motor, a better control mechanism is also vital for the DC to DC power converters which are used in these vehicles. In this paper, a proportional integral (PI) controller will be designed and implemented for the HESS system to provide power demand, and recharge the HESS based on its state of charge. The boost converter, and buck-boost converter will be connected to selected high energy density lithium-ion battery (LIB), and high rate ultra-capacitor (UC), respectively, to create the parallel topology that will be used in our paper. Furthermore, the control strategies will be verified and compared against the traditional HESS under operating conditions useful for HEV / EV applications.
Quinolone prophylaxis for the prevention of BK virus infection in kidney transplantation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2013)

This trial was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number:222493) and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01353339).
MAXSM: A Multi-Heuristic Approach to XML Schema Matching (2006)

Transformation of business messages from one trading partner’s definition to another, or from one business message type to another is a common requirement for enterprise data integration applications. Transforming these business messages entails resolving issues of structural and semantic heterogeneity between their schemas. In this paper, we propose an automatic schema matching approach called MAXSM, designed specifically for matching schemas in the context of enterprise data integration. MAXSM is a multi-heuristic schema matcher which employs, amongst other heuristics, a novel heuristic using WordNet for determining natural-language semantic similarity between schemas. MAXSM also introduces “transitive mappings ” that can be discovered from known mappings and used to seed production of candidate mappings. We present a cogent tree spanning approach to search two schemas more effectively for node-level match candidates.
Strain sensor chains beyond 1000 individual fiber Bragg gratings (2010)

Fiber Bragg gratings have got interest in sensing applications because of their immunity against electromagnetic fields , their small dimensions and also their ability for multiplexing of a large number of sensors in linear arrays, 2-dimensional sensor pads or complex sensor networks. Today several well engineered sensor interrogation systems for the analysis of a large number of Bragg grating sensor elements are available.
Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis of the Kinetics of Charge Ladder Formation for Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase (2002)

A series of charge ladders of bovine carbonic anhydrase II were synthesized and the relative abundances of the rungs analyzed by capillary electrophoresis as a function of the quantity of acylating agent used. A simulation that models the kinetics of formation of the members of the charge ladders is described. The observed rate constants decreased as the extent of acylation increased. These rate constants correlated adequately with theoretical rate constants calculated using Debye-Hückel theory. The data are compatible with, but do not demand, a model for the formation of this charge ladder in which all unacetylated amino groups in each rung have indistinguishable reactivity and in which the reactivity of the amines in each rung decreases as the net charge on the protein increases; in this model, decreased reactivity is due to increased extent of protonation. This agreement between experiment and model suggests that the charge shielding that results from an ionic strength of 130 mM is not sufficient to suppress the influence of the increasingly negative charge of the protein with acetylation on the extent of protonation of Lys epsilon-NH2 groups.
Interleukin-1β-induced Rat Pancreatic Islet Nitric Oxide Synthesis Requires Both the p38 and Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase 1/2 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (1998)

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is cytotoxic to rat pancreatic beta-cells by inhibiting glucose oxidation, causing DNA damage and inducing apoptosis. Nitric oxide (NO) is a necessary but not sufficient mediator of these effects. IL-1beta induced kinase activity toward Elk-1, activation transcription factor 2, c-Jun, and heat shock protein 25 in rat islets. By Western blotting with phosphospecific antibodies and by immunocomplex kinase assay, IL-1beta was shown to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) in islets and rat insulinoma cells. Specific ERK1/2 and p38 inhibitors individually reduced but in combination blocked IL-1beta-mediated islet NO synthesis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of inducible NO synthase mRNA showed that ERK1/2 and p38 controlled IL-1beta-induced islet inducible NO synthase expression at the transcriptional level. Hyperosmolarity caused phosphorylation of Elk-1, activation transcription factor 2, and heat shock protein 25 and activation of ERK1/2 and p38 in islets comparable to that induced by IL-1beta but did not lead to NO synthesis. Inhibition of p38 but not of ERK1/2 attenuated IL-1beta-mediated inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release. We conclude that ERK1/2 and p38 activation is necessary but not sufficient for IL-1beta-mediated beta-cell NO synthesis and that p38 is involved in signaling of NO-independent effects of IL-1beta in beta-cells.