gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Active Learning Algorithm for Control of Epidural Electrostimulation (2015)

Epidural electrostimulation has shown promise for spinal cord injury therapy. However, finding effective stimuli on the multi-electrode stimulating arrays employed requires a laborious manual search of a vast space for each patient. Widespread clinical application of these techniques would be greatly facilitated by an autonomous, algorithmic system which choses stimuli to simultaneously deliver effective therapy and explore this space. We propose a method based on GP-BUCB, a Gaussian process bandit algorithm. In n = 4 spinally transected rats, we implant epidural electrode arrays and examine the algorithm's performance in selecting bipolar stimuli to elicit specified muscle responses. These responses are compared with temporally interleaved intra-animal stimulus selections by a human expert. GP-BUCB successfully controlled the spinal electrostimulation preparation in 37 testing sessions, selecting 670 stimuli. These sessions included sustained autonomous operations (ten-session duration). Delivered performance with respect to the specified metric was as good as or better than that of the human expert. Despite receiving no information as to anatomically likely locations of effective stimuli, GP-BUCB also consistently discovered such a pattern. Further, GP-BUCB was able to extrapolate from previous sessions' results to make predictions about performance in new testing sessions, while remaining sufficiently flexible to capture temporal variability. These results provide validation for applying automated stimulus selection methods to the problem of spinal cord injury therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefins Turned Alkylating Agents: Diastereoselective Intramolecular Zr‐Catalyzed Olefin Alkylations. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electric charge and field at lift-off for metallic particles in GIS (2002)

The charge on elongated metallic particles of various shapes in contact with a grounded plane and subjected to an electric field was calculated by finite element calculations. The result was compared with analytical expressions representing the charge on metallic particles often used when calculating the motion of metallic particles in gas-insulated systems. The comparison shows that more charge usually accumulates on particles with sharp edged ends. Furthermore, an algorithm is presented in which the electric field required to lift a metallic particle of arbitrary shape off a grounded electrode is calculated. The result show good agreement with previously derived analytical expressions of the lift-off field for well-defined metallic particles.
Subwavelength-grating-induced wavefront aberrations: a case study (2006)

The on-axis wavefront aberrations of a one-dimensional sub-wavelength grating anti-reflection coating on a f/1.7 lens surface is dominated by defocus, astigmatism, and piston. The astigmatism is 0.02 waves and the magnitude of the piston approaches 1 wave peak-to-valley. The difference in aberrations between orthogonally polarized wavefronts, or the retardance aberration, shows 0.01 waves of astigmatism like variation and more than 0.01 waves of retardance induced defocus like variation.
Chirale ebthi‐Titan‐ und ‐Zirconiumkomplexe als Reagentien und Katalysatoren für die enantioselektive C‐C‐ und C‐H‐Verknüpfung (1996)

Abstract Die Entwicklung katalytischer Prozesse zur enantioselektiven Bindungsbildung unter milden Bedingungen ist eine wichtige und herausfordernde Aufgabe der modernen chemischen Synthese. In diesem Zusammenhang haben chirale, C 2 ‐symmetrische ansa ‐Metallocene (verbrückte Metallocene) als Katalysatoren bemerkenswerte Anwendungen gefunden. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden diese chiralen Metallocene im Hinblick auf ihren Nutzen für katalytische, enantioselektive C‐C‐ und C‐H‐Verknüpfungen diskutiert. Zusätzlich werden diese Reaktionen, soweit möglich, mit ähnlichen enantioselektiven katalytischen Prozessen verglichen. Viele der vorgestellten Reaktionen verlaufen mit hoher Enantioselektivität in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen der Komplexe und sind von großer Bedeutung für die Herstellung neuer Materialien und Therapeutica. Beispielsweise katalysieren Zirconocenkomplexe die enantioselektive Addition von Alkylmagnesiumhalogeniden an Alkene und kationische Derivate die hochgradig stereoreguläre Copolymerisation terminaler Alkene. Titanocene sind ebenfalls von Nutzen und werden in vielen asymmetrischen katalytischen Reaktionen einschließlich der enantioselektiven Hydrierung von Olefinen, Iminen und Ketonen verwendet. In diesem Aufsatz wird versucht, sowohl die praktischen Aspekte der Verwendung der [(ebthi)M]‐Komplexe von Übergangsmetallen der Gruppe 4 (Katalysator‐Synthese und Enantiomerentrennung) als auch die vorgeschlagenen Mechanismen darzustellen, nach denen die chiralen, C 2 ‐symmetrischen Liganden stereoselektive Reaktionsverläufe bedingen. Es wird versucht, auch die weniger gut verstandenen Aspekte dieser Chemie hervorzuheben, um zukünftigen Forschungsbedarf aufzuzeigen.
Interaction of human and mouse Aβ peptides (2004)

Transgenic mice over-expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein have become an important tool for research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, in particular, for therapeutic screening. Many models have reported formation of amyloid plaques with age as is detected in AD. However, the plaques generated in transgenic mice are more soluble than human plaques. Differences in solubility may occur for a number of reasons; one proposal is the presence of murine Abeta peptides within the CNS milieu. Here, we report the interaction of human and murine Abeta peptides, Abeta40 and Abeta42, utilizing a fluorescence assay to monitor formation of mixed pre-fibrillar aggregates, electron microscopy to examine morphological characteristics and detergent solubility to monitor stability. Our results demonstrate that interspecies Abeta aggregates and fibres are readily formed and are more stable than homogenous human fibres. Furthermore, these results suggest that the presence of endogenous murine Abeta in human APP transgenic mice does not account for the increased solubility of plaques.
О взглядах святителя Игнатия (Брянчанинова) на церковную живопись (2014)

The article is devoted to St Ignatius Bryanchaninov’s views on Church paintings. He claimed that Russia was «to appear in the society of European states in its proper character, and not in a borrowed one», connecting the development of Russian Church painting with Russian academic art school.
Optimal design of output filter capacitor for peak current mode control converter with first-order response (2009)

The synchronous buck converter is generally used as basic circuit for low-voltage application such as POL. The buck converter with peak current mode control has first-order response depending on the power-stage or controller design. Therefore the overshoot and undershoot don't appear in transient response. This feature is the chief advantage of peak current mode control. However, there is no example of the design that employed this feature efficiently. So far, we have performed various discussions about transient response of buck converter with peak current mode control. From various discussions, we have found that the voltage variation at transient time does not depend on the output capacitance on buck converter with peak current mode control. This paper discusses the optimal design of the output filter capacitor for first-order response on buck converter with peak current mode control.
Characterization of Spores of Bacillus subtilis Which Lack Dipicolinic Acid (2000)

Spores of Bacillus subtilis with a mutation in spoVF cannot synthesize dipicolinic acid (DPA) and are too unstable to be purified and studied in detail. However, the spores of a strain lacking the three major germinant receptors (termed Deltager3), as well as spoVF, can be isolated, although they spontaneously germinate much more readily than Deltager3 spores. The Deltager3 spoVF spores lack DPA and have higher levels of core water than Deltager3 spores, although sporulation with DPA restores close to normal levels of DPA and core water to Deltager3 spoVF spores. The DPA-less spores have normal cortical and coat layers, as observed with an electron microscope, but their core region appears to be more hydrated than that of spores with DPA. The Deltager3 spoVF spores also contain minimal levels of the processed active form (termed P(41)) of the germination protease, GPR, a finding consistent with the known requirement for DPA and dehydration for GPR autoprocessing. However, any P(41) formed in Deltager3 spoVF spores may be at least transiently active on one of this protease's small acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) substrates, SASP-gamma. Analysis of the resistance of wild-type, Deltager3, and Deltager3 spoVF spores to various agents led to the following conclusions: (i) DPA and core water content play no role in spore resistance to dry heat, dessication, or glutaraldehyde; (ii) an elevated core water content is associated with decreased spore resistance to wet heat, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, and the iodine-based disinfectant Betadine; (iii) the absence of DPA increases spore resistance to UV radiation; and (iv) wild-type spores are more resistant than Deltager3 spores to Betadine and glutaraldehyde. These results are discussed in view of current models of spore resistance and spore germination.
Aggressive B-cell lymphomas in patients with myelofibrosis receiving JAK1/2 inhibitor therapy (2018)

Inhibition of Janus-kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) is a mainstay to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Sporadic observations reported the co-incidence of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas during treatment of MPN with JAK1/2 inhibitors. We assessed 626 patients with MPN, including 69 with myelofibrosis receiving JAK1/2 inhibitors for lymphoma development. B-cell lymphomas evolved in 4 (5.8%) of 69 patients receiving JAK1/2 inhibition compared with 2 (0.36%) of 557 with conventional treatment (16-fold increased risk). A similar 15-fold increase was observed in an independent cohort of 929 patients with MPN. Considering primary myelofibrosis only (N = 216), 3 lymphomas were observed in 31 inhibitor-treated patients (9.7%) vs 1 (0.54%) of 185 control patients. Lymphomas were of aggressive B-cell type, extranodal, or leukemic with high MYC expression in the absence of <i>JAK2</i> V617F or other MPN-associated mutations. Median time from initiation of inhibitor therapy to lymphoma diagnosis was 25 months. Clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were already detected in the bone marrow during myelofibrosis in 16.3% of patients. Lymphomas occurring during JAK1/2 inhibitor treatment were preceded by a preexisting B-cell clone in all 3 patients tested. Sequencing verified clonal identity in 2 patients. The effects of JAK1/2 inhibition were mirrored in <i>Stat1</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> mice: 16 of 24 mice developed a spontaneous myeloid hyperplasia with the concomitant presence of aberrant B cells. Transplantations of bone marrow from diseased mice unmasked the outgrowth of a malignant B-cell clone evolving into aggressive B-cell leukemia-lymphoma. We conclude that JAK/STAT1 pathway inhibition in myelofibrosis is associated with an elevated frequency of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Detection of a preexisting B-cell clone may identify individuals at risk.
Pulse Power Capability Estimation of Lithium Titanate Oxide-Based Batteries (2016)

The pulse power capability (PPC) represents one of the parameters that describe the performance behavior of Lithium-ion batteries independent on the application. Consequently, extended information about the Li-ion battery PPC and its dependence on the operating conditions become necessary. Thus, this paper analyzes the power capability characteristic of a 13Ah high power Lithium Titanate Oxide-based battery and its dependence on temperature, load current and state-of-charge. Furthermore, a model to predict the discharging PPC of the battery cell at different temperatures and load currents for three different state-of-charge levels was proposed and parameterized.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of a Large-Pore Tridirectional Zeolite, H-ITQ-7 (2000)

Siliciumreich, großporig und katalytisch aktiv ist der neue Zeolithtyp T-ITQ-7. Für die Synthese wurde ein Prozess angewandt, der den Austausch der Gerüst-Si-Atome gegen die T-Atome Bor, Aluminium oder Germanium ermöglicht. Die Germaniumvariante zeigt deutlich unterschiedliche mittlere Kristallitgrößen. Die katalytische Aktivität dieser Materialien wurde anhand des Crackens von n-Decan demonstriert.
Favezelimab (anti–LAG-3) plus pembrolizumab in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) after anti–PD-1 treatment: An open-label phase 1/2 study. (2022)

7545 Background: PD-1 inhibitors are a standard of care for R/R cHL but optimal therapy after anti–PD-1 therapy failure is yet to be defined. LAG-3/PD-1 coblockade has demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models. This multicohort phase 1/2 study (NCT03598608) evaluated the safety and efficacy of favezelimab (MK-4280), a humanized IgG4 LAG-3 inhibitor, plus the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab (pembro) in pts with R/R hematologic malignancies. Cohort 2 focused on pts with R/R cHL refractory to anti–PD-1 therapy. Methods: This study included a safety lead-in phase (part 1) to determine recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) followed by a dose-expansion phase (part 2). Eligible pts in cohort 2 had R/R cHL, relapsed after or were ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and progressed after ≥2 doses of anti–PD-1 therapy (within 12 weeks of last dose). In part 1, pts from all cohorts received pembro IV 200 mg Q3W and favezelimab IV 200 mg or 800 mg Q3W. Dose-finding based on occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) was determined using an mTPI design. In part 2, pts received pembro + favezelimab at the established RP2D for up to 35 cycles. Primary end point was safety. Secondary end point was ORR. DOR, PFS, and OS were exploratory. Results: Only 1 DLT (autoimmune hepatitis [grade 4]) was observed among the first 6 pts from all cohorts in part 1 at the favezelimab 200 mg dose; thus, the dose was escalated to 800 mg. No DLTs were observed in 15 additional pts at the 800 mg dose. Favezelimab RP2D was defined as 800 mg Q3W + pembro 200 mg Q3W. In cohort 2, 33 pts were enrolled; median age was 37 yrs, 64% had ECOG PS 0, and 94% had ≥4 prior lines of therapy. After a median follow-up of 16.5 mo, ORR for pts receiving favezelimab 800 mg (n = 29) was 31% (95% CI, 15-51; CR, 2 [7%]; PR, 7 [24%]); 66% of responders had an anti–PD-1–based regimen as most recent line of therapy at study entry. 23 of 29 pts (79%) had reduction from baseline in target lesions. Median DOR for pts who received favezelimab 800 mg was not reached (NR; 95% CI, 0+ to 14+ mo). For all pts in cohort 2, median PFS was 9 mo (95% CI, 5-15); 12-mo PFS rate was 39%. Median OS was 26 mo (95% CI, 26-NR); 12-mo OS rate was 91%. At database cutoff (Nov 1, 2021), 20 pts discontinued treatment (7 AEs, 11 PD/clinical progression, 2, withdrawal/physician decision). TRAEs occurred in 28 pts (85%); most common ( &gt; 10%) were hypothyroidism (18%), nausea and fatigue (15% each), and arthralgia and diarrhea (12% each); grade 3 or 4 TRAEs occurred in 6 pts (18%); 18% discontinued treatment due to TRAEs. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusions: Favezelimab 800 mg + pembro 200 mg Q3W showed a tolerable safety profile and effective antitumor activity in heavily pretreated pts with R/R cHL whose disease had progressed after anti–PD-1 therapy, suggesting that the combination may reinduce a response in these pts. Clinical trial information: NCT03598608.
Time-Resolved Nonlinear Refraction of Indium Tin Oxide at Epsilon Near Zero (2017)

Using Beam-Deflection measurements we directly measure the temporal dynamics of nonlinear refraction and transmittance of an ITO thin film in the ε-near-zero regime, and find a nonlinear index 5000 times that of glass.
Effect of valve deformity on results and mitral regurgitation after Inoue balloon commissurotomy. (1992)

Age and extent of valve deformity do not have significant effects on acute results of PTMC using the Inoue balloon. Unique balloon geometry or the controlled, stepwise balloon sizing may explain these acceptable acute results in patients with more-deformed valves.
Joint Scheduling and Precoding for Frame-Based Multigroup Multicasting in Satellite Communications (2019)

Recent satellite standards enforce the coding of multiple usersâ€™ data in a frame. This transmission strategy mimics the well-known physical layer multigroup multicasting (MGMC). However, typical beam coverage with a large number of users and limited frame length lead to the scheduling of only a few users. Moreover, in emerging aggressive frequency reuse systems, scheduling is coupled with precoding. This is addressed in this work, through the joint design of scheduling and precoding for frame-based MGMC satellite systems. This aim is formulated as the maximization of the sum- rate under per beam power constraint and minimum SINR requirement of scheduled users. Further, a framework is proposed to transform the non-smooth SR objective with integer scheduling and nonconvex SINR constraints as a difference- of-convex problem that facilitates the joint update of scheduling and precoding. Therein, an efficient convex-concave procedure based algorithm is proposed. Finally, the gains (up to 50%) obtained by the jointed design over state- of-the-art methods is shown through Monte-Carlo simulations.
Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from A2AR Adenosine Signaling Suppresses Natural Killer Cell Maturation in the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Liver ILC1s express high levels of adenosine-related molecules. Figure S2. A2AR-deficient NK cells display enhanced competitive proliferation. Figure S3. NK cell specific deletion of the A2AR provides improved proliferative capacity. Figure S4. Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes from NK cell specific A2AR deletion.&lt;/p&gt;
Cellular autoreactivity against heat shock protein 60 in renal transplant patients: peripheral and graft-infiltrating responses (2006)

Autoreactivity to heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) has been implicated in the pathogenesis and regulation of chronic inflammation, especially in autoimmune diseases. In transplantation, there is a lack of information regarding the cytokine profile and specificity of cells that recognize self-Hsp60 as well as the kinetics of autoreactivity following transplantation. We studied the cellular reactivity of peripheral and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes against Hsp60 in renal transplant patients. Cytokine production induced by this protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated a predominance of interleukin (IL)-10 during the late post-transplantation period, mainly in response to intermediate and C-terminal peptides. Patients with chronic rejection presented reactivity to Hsp60 with a higher IL-10/interferon (IFN)-gamma ratio compared to long-term clinically stable patients. Graft-infiltrating T cell lines, cocultured with antigen-presenting cells, preferentially produced IL-10 after Hsp60 stimulation. These results suggest that, besides its proinflammatory activity, autoreactivity to Hsp60 in transplantation may also have a regulatory role.
Tumor mutational landscape is a record of the pre-malignant state (2019)

ABSTRACT Chromatin structure has a major influence on the cell-specific density of somatic mutations along the cancer genome. Here, we present a pan-cancer study in which we searched for the putative cancer cell-of-origin of 2,550 whole genomes, representing 32 cancer types by matching their mutational landscape to the regional patterns of chromatin modifications ascertained in 104 normal tissue types. We found that, in almost all cancer types, the cell-of-origin can be predicted solely from their DNA sequences. Our analysis validated the hypothesis that high-grade serous ovarian cancer originates in the fallopian tube and identified distinct origins of breast cancer subtypes. We also demonstrated that the technique is equally capable of identifying the cell-of-origin for a series of 2,044 metastatic samples from 22 of the tumor types available as primaries. Moreover, cancer drivers, whether inherited or acquired, reside in active chromatin regions in the respective cell-of-origin. Taken together, our findings highlight that many somatic mutations accumulate while the chromatin structure of the cell-of-origin is maintained and that this historical record, captured in the DNA, can be used to identify the often elusive cancer cell-of-origin.
Causal-based Time Series Domain Generalization for Vehicle Intention\n Prediction (2021)

Accurately predicting possible behaviors of traffic participants is an\nessential capability for autonomous vehicles. Since autonomous vehicles need to\nnavigate in dynamically changing environments, they are expected to make\naccurate predictions regardless of where they are and what driving\ncircumstances they encountered. Therefore, generalization capability to unseen\ndomains is crucial for prediction models when autonomous vehicles are deployed\nin the real world. In this paper, we aim to address the domain generalization\nproblem for vehicle intention prediction tasks and a causal-based time series\ndomain generalization (CTSDG) model is proposed. We construct a structural\ncausal model for vehicle intention prediction tasks to learn an invariant\nrepresentation of input driving data for domain generalization. We further\nintegrate a recurrent latent variable model into our structural causal model to\nbetter capture temporal latent dependencies from time-series input data. The\neffectiveness of our approach is evaluated via real-world driving data. We\ndemonstrate that our proposed method has consistent improvement on prediction\naccuracy compared to other state-of-the-art domain generalization and behavior\nprediction methods.\n
Torin2 Suppresses Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA Damage Repair (2016)

Several classes of inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have been developed based on its central role in sensing growth factor and nutrient levels to regulate cellular metabolism. However, its ATP-binding site closely resembles other phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family members, resulting in reactivity with these targets that may also be therapeutically useful. The ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor, Torin2, shows biochemical activity against the DNA repair-associated proteins ATM, ATR and DNA-PK, which raises the possibility that Torin2 and related compounds might radiosensitize cancerous tumors. In this study Torin2 was also found to enhance ionizing radiation-induced cell killing in conditions where ATM was dispensable, confirming the requirement for multiple PIKK targets. Moreover, Torin2 did not influence the initial appearance of γ-H2AX foci after irradiation but significantly delayed the disappearance of radiation-induced γ-H2AX foci, indicating a DNA repair defect. Torin2 increased the number of radiation-induced S-phase specific chromosome aberrations and reduced the frequency of radiation-induced CtIP and Rad51 foci formation, suggesting that Torin2 works by blocking homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair resulting in an S-phase specific DNA repair defect. Accordingly, Torin2 reduced HR-mediated repair of I-Sce1-induced DNA damage and contributed to replication fork stalling. We conclude that radiosensitization of tumor cells by Torin2 is associated with disrupting ATR- and ATM-dependent DNA damage responses. Our findings support the concept of developing combination cancer therapies that incorporate ionizing radiation therapy and Torin2 or compounds with similar properties.