gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryo-electron tomography of periplasmic flagella in Borrelia burgdorferi reveals a distinct cytoplasmic ATPase complex (2018)

Periplasmic flagella are essential for the distinct morphology and motility of spirochetes. A flagella-specific type III secretion system (fT3SS) composed of a membrane-bound export apparatus and a cytosolic ATPase complex is responsible for the assembly of the periplasmic flagella. Here, we deployed cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to visualize the fT3SS machine in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. We show, for the first time, that the cytosolic ATPase complex is attached to the flagellar C-ring through multiple spokes to form the "spoke and hub" structure in B. burgdorferi. This structure not only strengthens structural rigidity of the round-shaped C-ring but also appears to rotate with the C-ring. Our studies provide structural insights into the unique mechanisms underlying assembly and rotation of the periplasmic flagella and may provide the basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against several pathogenic spirochetes.
Vectorization on ChaCha Stream Cipher (2014)

This paper describes software optimization for the stream Cipher ChaCha. We leverage the wide vectorization capabilities of the new AVX2 architecture, to speed up ChaCha encryption (and decryption) on the latest x86_64 processors. In addition, we show how to apply vectorization for the future AVX512 architecture, and get further speedup. This leads to significant performance gains. For example, on the latest Intel Haswell microarchitecture, our AVX2 implementation performs at 1.43 cycles per byte (on a 4KB message), which is ~2x faster than the current implementation in the Chromium project.
Implication of Bony Cochlear Nerve Canal on Hearing in Patients with Congenital Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2012)

This study was designed to evaluate the dimensions of the bony cochlear nerve canal (BCNC) in congenital unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL) patients with normal inner ears, and to analyze the correlation between BCNC and hearing status. Medical records and temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT) findings of 380 patients who visited Seoul National University Hospital between January 1999 and December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. The length and width of the BCNC at the fundus of the internal auditory canal were measured in millimeters based on the axial view of TBCT for three ear groups: normal inner ears of control group subjects (group A, 179 ears), normal inner ears on the contralateral side of USNHL patients (group B, 201 ears), and the affected inner ears in USNHL (group C, 201 ears). The mean values of length and width in group C (0.79 ± 0.36 and 1.58 ± 0.83 mm, respectively) were significantly smaller than those in group A (1.07 ± 0.10 and 2.38 ± 0.28 mm, respectively; p < 0.001) and group B (1.04 ± 0.23 and 2.33 ± 0.39 mm, respectively; p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curves for BCNC were conducted to estimate the cutoff values from which the proportions of profound hearing loss increased, compared to those of mild to severe hearing loss. The areas under the curve were 0.487 ± 0.044 (p = 0.781) and 0.622 ± 0.041 (p = 0.011) for length and width, respectively. The cutoff value of width with a sensitivity of 90% for profound USNHL was 1.16 mm in otherwise normal inner ears. Clinicians would be recommended to take a close look at BCNC as one of the possible causes of hearing loss in otherwise normal inner ears of USNHL on TBCT.
Mutant BRAF and MEK Inhibitors Regulate the Tumor Immune Microenvironment via Pyroptosis (2019)

Combinations of BRAF inhibitors and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi + MEKi) are FDA-approved to treat <i>BRAF</i> <sup>V600E/K</sup>-mutant melanoma. Efficacy of BRAFi + MEKi associates with cancer cell death and alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment; however, the links are poorly understood. We show that BRAFi + MEKi caused durable melanoma regression in an immune-mediated manner. BRAFi + MEKi treatment promoted cleavage of gasdermin E (GSDME) and release of HMGB1, markers of pyroptotic cell death. GSDME-deficient melanoma showed defective HMGB1 release, reduced tumor-associated T cell and activated dendritic cell infiltrates in response to BRAFi + MEKi, and more frequent tumor regrowth after drug removal. Importantly, BRAFi + MEKi-resistant disease lacked pyroptosis markers and showed decreased intratumoral T-cell infiltration but was sensitive to pyroptosis-inducing chemotherapy. These data implicate BRAFi + MEKi-induced pyroptosis in antitumor immune responses and highlight new therapeutic strategies for resistant melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted inhibitors and immune checkpoint agents have advanced the care of patients with melanoma; however, detailed knowledge of the intersection between these two research areas is lacking. We describe a molecular mechanism of targeted inhibitor regulation of an immune-stimulatory form of cell death and provide a proof-of-principle salvage therapy concept for inhibitor-resistant melanoma.<i>See related commentary by Smalley, p. 176</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161</i>.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantiospecific Platinum‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Oxabicycloheptene Derivatives. (2013)

Abstract The starting compounds are prepared according to literature by enantioselective ruthenium‐catalyzed reduction of the corresponding ketones followed by etherification.
Challenges and prospects of high-voltage aqueous electrolytes for energy storage applications (2022)

Aqueous electrolytes have attracted widespread attention as they are safe, environmentally benign and cost effective, holding great promise for future low-cost and sustainable energy storage devices. Nonetheless, the narrow electrochemical stability window caused by water electrolysis, as well as the trade-off between the stability window and other properties remain the bottleneck problem for the practical applications of aqueous electrolytes. Deep insights into the correlations between the microscopic physicochemical and electrochemical mechanisms and the macroscopic properties of aqueous electrolyte are essential for the envisaged applications, yet a systematic analysis of the recent progress in this area is still lacking. In this Perspective article, the basic mechanisms and influencing factors of water electrolysis including the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions is critically examined. We systematically review the current state-of-the-art on high-voltage aqueous electrolytes focusing on the fundamental mechanisms of ion kinetics leading to dynamic electrolyte restructuring. Recent advances on the optimization of high-voltage aqueous electrolytes are also summarized. The existing challenges are identified and perspectives for exploring and developing future high-voltage aqueous electrolytes are provided.
An Interactive Test-bed for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks. (2008)

Abstract—We demonstrate a flexible sensor network testbed. A design goal is to support comparison of different sensor node hardware as well as to allow user interaction with the sensor network. The two main requirements are thus that the testbed should support heterogeneous sensor hardware and provide an easily accessible interface. A wireless control channel makes it easy to deploy or reconfigure testbed setups. I.
Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Properties (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Electrical Resistivities, Hall Coefficients, and Magnetoresistances Seebeck Coefficients, Θ Optical Properties Magnetic Properties Superconducting Properties Summary and Conclusions References
Challenges in non-viral ocular gene transfer (2007)

Nowadays, there is no effective treatment for many retinal disorders. Knowledge of the genetic basis of many severe ocular diseases may allow for alternative treatments by gene therapy. Non-viral gene complexes, such as lipo- and poly-plexes, can be delivered to the posterior segment, most often the target tissue, by intravitreal or subretinal injection. Since subretinal injections are very invasive, intravitreal injection is a promising alternative route to deliver gene complexes into the eye. However, the drawback of this technique is the relative long distance the complexes have to travel through the vitreous gel before they reach the retina. This mini-review reports on how non-viral gene complexes behave in vitreous. It especially focuses on how the coating of lipoplexes with poly(ethylene glycol) influences their behaviour in vitreous and the transfection of retinal pigment epithelium.
Structure–Reactivity Correlations in Vanadium‐Containing Catalysts for One‐Pot Glycerol Oxidehydration to Acrylic Acid (2016)

The design of suitable catalysts for the one-pot conversion of glycerol into acrylic acid (AA) is a complex matter, as only fine-tuning of the redox and acid properties makes it possible to obtain significant yields of AA. However, fundamental understanding behind the catalytic phenomenon is still unclear. Structure-reactivity correlations are clearly behind these results, and acid sites are involved in the dehydration of glycerol into acrolein with vanadium as the main (or only) redox element. For the first time, we propose an in-depth study to shed light on the molecular-level relations behind the overall catalytic results shown by several types of V-containing catalysts. Different multifunctional catalysts were synthesized, characterized (>X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia), and tested in a flow reactor. Combining the obtained results with those acquired from an in situ FTIR spectroscopy study with acrolein (a reaction intermediate), it was possible to draw conclusions on the role played by the various physicochemical features of the different oxides in terms of the adsorption, surface reactions, and desorption of the reagents and reaction products.
Structural RNA Mimetics:  N3‘ → P5‘ Phosphoramidate DNA Analogs of HIV-1 RRE and TAR RNA Form A-Type Helices That Bind Specifically to Rev and Tat-Related Peptides (1997)

An attractive strategy for the development of anti-retroviral drugs is the exploration of compounds that mimic RNA control regions of the viral genome and act as "decoys" to sequester viral gene regulatory proteins. Decoys consisting of RNA, however, are chemically unstable and readily degraded by cellular nucleases. DNA decoys, which are slightly more stable, also might not be appropriate because of possible structural differences between RNA and DNA helices and the complexes they form with proteins. It was recently reported, however, that DNA analogs with modified N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate sugar-phosphate backbones are stable and nuclease-resistant and exist predominately as A-form helices in solution [Gryaznov, S., et al. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 5798-5802]. We now report that oligonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates DNA analogs of HIV-1 RRE IIB and TAR RNA form stable duplexes that exist in the A form as judged by circular dichroism (CD). Moreover, gel shift assays demonstrate that these phosphoramidates can specifically bind to peptides derived from HIV-1 Rev and Tat proteins. Isosequential phosphodiester DNA duplexes, existing in the B form by CD, do not bind to the respective peptides under the experimental conditions used. These results suggest the possibility that nuclease-resistant oligonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates might serve as RNA-like decoys and disrupt specific viral RNA/protein interactions such as RRE/Rev and TAR/Tat in HIV-1.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐17α‐ and (.+‐.)‐17β‐Hydroxytacamonine: Determination of Configuration at C‐17. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deep-Deterministic Policy Gradient Based Multi-Resource Allocation in Edge-Cloud System: A Distributed Approach (2023)

Edge Cloud (EC) empowers the beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks to cope with large-scale and real-time traffics of Internet-of-Things (IoT) by minimizing the latency and providing compute power at the edge of the network. Due to a limited amount of resources at the EC compared to the back-end cloud (BC), intelligent resource management techniques become imperative. This paper studies the problem of multi-resource allocation (MRA) in terms of compute and wireless resources in an integrated EC and BC environment. Machine learning-based approaches are emerging to solve such optimization problems. However, it is challenging to adopt traditional discrete action space-based methods due to their high dimensionality issue. To this end, we propose a deep-deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) based temporal feature learning attentional network (TFLAN) model to address the MRA problem. TFLAN combines convolution, gated recurrent unit and attention layers together to mine local and long term temporal information from the task sequences for excellent function approximation. A novel heuristic-based priority experience replay (hPER) method is formulated to accelerate the convergence speed. Further, a pruning principle helps the TFLAN agent to significantly reduce the computational complexity and balance the load among base stations and servers to minimize the rejection-rate. Lastly, data parallelism technique is adopted for distributed training to meet the needs of a high-volume of IoT traffic in the EC environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the distributed training approach suites well to the problem scale and can magnify the speed of the learning process. We validate the proposed framework by comparing with five state-of-the-art RL agents. Our proposed agent converges fast and achieves up to 28% and 72% reduction in operational cost and rejection-rate, and achieves up to 32% gain in the quality of experience on average, compared to the most advanced DDPG agent.
Cross-Layer Packetization and Retransmission Strategies for Delay-Sensitive Wireless Multimedia Transmission (2006)

Existing wireless networks provide dynamically varying resources with only limited support for the quality of service required by the bandwidth-intense, loss-tolerant and delay-sensitive multimedia applications. This variability of resources does not significantly impact delay insensitive data transmission (e.g., file transfers), but has considerable consequences for multimedia applications. Recently, the research focus has been to adapt existing algorithms and protocols at the lower layers of the protocol stack to better support multimedia transmission applications and conversely, to modify application layer solutions to cope with the varying wireless networks resources. In this paper, we show that significant improvements in wireless multimedia performance can be obtained by deploying a joint application-layer adaptive packetization and prioritized scheduling and MAC-layer retransmission strategy. We deploy a state-of-the-art wavelet coder for the compression of the video data that enables on-the-fly adaptation to changing channel conditions and inherent prioritization of the video bitstream. We pose the cross-layer problem as a distortion minimization given delay constraints and derive analytical solutions by modifying existing joint source-channel coding theory aimed at fulfilling rate, rather than delay, constraints. We also propose real-time algorithms that explicitly consider the available information about previously transmitted packets. The obtained results show significant improvements in terms of video quality as opposed to ad-hoc optimizations currently deployed, while the complexity associated with performing this optimization in real time, i.e., at transmission time, is limited
Monolithic graded-refractive-index glass-based antireflective coatings: broadband/omnidirectional light harvesting and self-cleaning characteristics (2015)

A coating that embodies omnidirectional optical properties over a wide range of wavelengths and possessing specific wetting capabilities is established on glass platforms.
Practical guide to machine vision software an introduction with LabVIEW (2014)

For both students and engineers in R&amp;D, this book explains machine vision in a concise, hands-on way, using the Vision Development Module of the LabView software by National Instruments. Following a short introduction to the basics of machine vision and the technical procedures of image acquisition, the book goes on to guide readers in the use of the various software functions of LabView's machine vision module. It covers typical machine vision tasks, including particle analysis, edge detection, pattern and shape matching, dimension measurements as well as optical character recognition, enabli
A New Framework for Microgrid Management: Virtual Droop Control (2015)

Microgrids can provide the most promising means of integrating large amounts of distributed sources into the power grid and can supply reliable power to critical loads. A generalized control framework is required to regulate microgrid voltage and frequency, maintain system stability, maintain power quality, and manage distributed generations. A microgrid control framework for power management and voltage and frequency regulation is proposed in this paper. The proposed method, virtual droop control, is described and formulated and compared with the existing natural droop control technique. Unit commitment algorithm has also been implemented to manage nonrenewable sources to improve the system efficiency. The proposed technique operates the microgrid at a constant voltage and frequency, and uses communication for power sharing. It also provides the means to operate the microgrid in case of lost communication and sabotage on communication network. The proposed method has been applied to Fort Sill microgrid and the modeling results have been compared with natural droop control technique. A laboratory setup, which consists of a 100 kW natural gas generator, 56 kWh Li-ion based battery with 250 kW inverter, and 100 kW load bank, has been built and tested. The results of the setup have been provided, which confirms the viability of the proposed technique.
Effects of Annealing on CuInGaSe2 Solar Cell Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering (2011)

CuInxGa1−xSe2 (CIGSe) thin films have been deposited by magnetron sputtering from a CIGSe target and annealed in Se (Selenium) vapor atmosphere. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Hall tester were used to observe and analyze the compositions, microstructures, surface morphologies and electronic properties of the films. After annealing, the performance of CIGSe films can be improved. The crystalline quality and electronic properties of annealed CIGSe films changed when the annealing temperature increases up to 350°C. CIGSe film with single chalcopyrite structure can be obtained when annealing temperature increases up to 400°C for 120 minutes. Se could be added into the thin films while annealing in Se vapor atmosphere. Cu-Se phase forms at the beginning of annealing and decreased with the increase of annealing time. In this work a cell with efficiency of 7.69% based on the sputtered and annealed CIGSe absorber was obtained.
Proton‐ionizable crown compounds. 20. The synthesis of polyazatriazolo‐, polyazabistriazolo‐ and bispyridono‐crown ligands containing lipophilic hydrocarbon substituents (1991)

Abstract Four new macrocyclic polyaza‐crown compounds containing a triazole subcyclic group and two to five lipophilic hydrocarbon substituents have been prepared from the appropriate polyamine and N ‐THP‐protected 2,5‐triazoledimethyl dichloride. N,N,N',N' ‐Tetrabenzyltetraazabistriazolo‐18‐crown‐6 was prepared from N,N' ‐dibenzylethylenediamine and N ‐THP‐protected 2,5‐triazoledimethyl dichloride. Biscyclohexano‐bispyridono‐18‐crown‐6 was prepared from trans ‐ 1,2‐cyclohexanediol and THP‐protected 4‐hydroxy‐2,6‐pyridinedimethyl ditosylate.
Improved registration for vehicular AR using auto-harmonization (2014)

This paper describes the design, development and testing of an AR system that was developed for aerospace and ground vehicles to meet stringent accuracy and robustness requirements. The system uses an optical see-through HMD, and thus requires extremely low latency, high tracking accuracy and precision alignment and calibration of all subsystems in order to avoid mis-registration and “swim”. The paper focuses on the optical/inertial hybrid tracking system and describes novel solutions to the challenges with the optics, algorithms, synchronization, and alignment with the vehicle and HMD systems. A system accuracy analysis is presented with simulation results to predict the registration accuracy. Finally, a car test is used to create a through-the-eyepiece video demonstrating well-registered augmentations of the road and nearby structures while driving.
Recovery Time to Superconducting State after Quench in Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (1999)

Since fault current tends to increase with electrical power demand, current-limiting technology for overcurrent have been investigated. As a promising candidate, superconducting fault current limiter (SC-FCL) is expected to be introduced into power system. It is one of the most important performance required for the SC-FCL to recover to a normal operating mode, i. e., superconducting state rapidly after current interruption. In this paper, the recovery time of a SC-FCL introduced into a distribution power system is discussed. To obtain the fundamental data, the recovery time of short Nb-Ti superconducting cables were measured. We developed a calculation method of the recovery time and it was confirmed that the calculated results agree with the measured ones. The recovery characteristics of a SC-FCL in a 6.6kV distribution system for the short-circuit fault near the substation. We considered 3 cycles and 17 cycles as the period from the fault occurrence until the current interruption. As a result, it is suggested that the superconducting cable length required to recover within high speed reclosing time of 0.3 sec are more than 270m and 480m for 3 cycles and 17 cycles respectively.
EXAFS analysis for structure of active site for partial oxidation of methane (2009)

Introduction Partial oxidation of methane is one of the attractive methods for the synthesis gas production for GTL (Gas to Liquid) process because high methane conversion and syngas yield were obtained at short and millisecond contact times in the reaction. We found that the addition of Co to 0.3 wt% Rh/MgO in a suitable amount enhanced CH4 conversion and selectivity for syngas formation, which were beyond those of 1.0 wt% Rh/MgO in the partial oxidation of methane at short contact time. At the same time, results show that Rh/MgO modified with an optimum amount of Co was very effective for suppression of hot spot formation. In this study, we carried out extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) as a characterization.
New Criteria for Response to Treatment in Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis Based on Free Light Chain Measurement and Cardiac Biomarkers: Impact on Survival Outcomes (2012)

This study identifies and validates new criteria for response to first-line treatment in AL amyloidosis, based on their association with survival in large patient populations, and offers surrogate end points for clinical trials.