gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Serological Responses toMoraxella catarrhalisImmunoglobulin D-Binding Outer Membrane Protein and the Ubiquitous Surface Proteins A1 and A2 (2006)

Moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin D-binding protein (MID) is a complex antigen with unique immunoglobulin D (IgD)-binding, adhesion, and hemagglutination properties. Previous studies have shown that antibodies raised against MID764-913 in rabbits inhibited M. catarrhalis adhesion to human alveolar epithelial cells, and immunization with MID764-913 resulted in an increased pulmonary clearance in a murine model. Strong immune responses against MID have also consistently been shown in humans. Here, the MID-specified IgG responses were compared to those of ubiquitous surface proteins A1 and A2 (UspA1/A2) using a series of recombinant fragments that spanned all three proteins. Sera were obtained from young children, aged 6 months to 1 year (n=8) and 2 to 3 years (n=15), and healthy adults (n=16). Acute- and convalescent-phase sera from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with M. catarrhalis infective exacerbations (n=23) were also analyzed. Young children, who are at risk of M. catarrhalis infection, had low levels of anti-MID and anti-UspA1/A2 antibodies. Healthy adults and the majority of COPD patients (16/23) had high levels of antibodies directed against, among others, the adhesive domain of MID and the fibronectin- and C3-binding domains of UspA1/A2. Among eight COPD patients in whom a rise in antibody levels could be detected, these functional domains were also the main regions targeted by the antibodies. In addition, human IgG directed against MID was bactericidal and anti-MID antibodies were additive to antibodies targeting UspA1/A2. Hence, the functional domains in these three antigens may have significant potential in a future vaccine against M. catarrhalis.
Hybrid tunnel junction enabled independent junction control of cascaded InGaN blue/green micro-light-emitting diodes (2023)

We demonstrate vertical integration of nitride-based blue/green micro-light-emitting diodes (µLEDs) stacks with independent junctions control using hybrid tunnel junction (TJ). The hybrid TJ was gown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (p <sup>+ </sup>GaN) and molecular-beam epitaxy (n <sup>+ </sup>GaN). Uniform blue, green and blue/green emission can be generated from different junction diodes. The peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the TJ blue µLEDs and green µLEDs with indium tin oxide contact is 30% and 12%, respectively. The carrier transportation between different junction diodes was discussed. This work suggests a promising approach for vertical µLEDs integration to enhance the output power of single LEDs chip and monolithic µLEDs with different emission colors with independent junction control.
Human-in-the-Loop Feature Selection (2019)

Feature selection is a crucial step in the conception of Machine Learning models, which is often performed via datadriven approaches that overlook the possibility of tapping into the human decision-making of the model’s designers and users. We present a human-in-the-loop framework that interacts with domain experts by collecting their feedback regarding the variables (of few samples) they evaluate as the most relevant for the task at hand. Such information can be modeled via Reinforcement Learning to derive a per-example feature selection method that tries to minimize the model’s loss function by focusing on the most pertinent variables from a human perspective. We report results on a proof-of-concept image classification dataset and on a real-world risk classification task in which the model successfully incorporated feedback from experts to improve its accuracy.
Micro‐Raman Analysis of Carbon Inclusions in Heavy‐Metal Fluoride Glasses (1993)

While vitreous carbon crucibles can be used to produce high‐quality heavy‐metal fluoride glasses using low concentrations of SF 6 gas (15%), pure SF 6 gas produces low‐quality and high‐scattering glasses. This has been attributed to contamination by vitreous carbon particles by a fallback mechanism due to reaction of SF 6 gas with the crucible walls above the melt. The detrimental effect of carbon particles is further highlighted by their high scattering efficiency factor which indicates that only 37 particles of 1‐μm diameter can be tolerated in an optical fiber for attaining 0.01 dB/km loss.
Limb salvage: thrombolysoangioplasty as an alternative to amputation. (1993)

In conclusion, these preliminary results indicate that TLA is an effective alternative to major amputation for patients with severely debilitating peripheral vascular disease.
The Anti-FLT3 Monoclonal Antibody EB10 Is Cytotoxic to FLT3 Inhibitor Resistant Cells In Vivo. (2005)

Abstract The class III receptor tyrosine kinase, FLT3, has been shown to play a role in leukemogenesis, particularly in acute myeloid leukemias (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). This finding has spurred the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting wild-type and mutant FLT3, and these drugs have shown activity in clinical trials. However, as has been observed with Gleevac for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, continuous treatment with TKIs may select for resistant clones. Immunotherapy targeting FLT3 may prove efficacious against FLT3-expressing resistant cells since their mode of action is not dependent on FLT3 inhibition. To study resistance to TKIs against FLT3 we developed resistant human cell lines by co-culturing MOLM14 and SEM-K2 cells, expressing FLT3/ITD mutant and wild type FLT3, respectively, with increasing concentrations of the FLT3 inhibitor CEP-701. The resulting cell lines, MOLM14(R) and SEM-K2(R), are resistant to CEP-701 induced cytotoxicity as well as to other selective FLT3 TKIs, CEP-5214 and PKC412. Cross resistance to CEP-701, CEP-5214 and PKC412 was also observed when MOLM14 and SEM-K2 cells were co-cultured with CEP-5214 or PKC412, instead of CEP-701. Western blot analysis reveals that CEP-701, CEP-5214 and/or PKC412 still inhibit FLT3 and downstream STAT5, Akt and MAPK pathways in MOLM14(R) and SEM-K2(R) cells. Sequencing of FLT3 from the resistant clones confirmed that the resistance was not the result of drug resistance mutations in FLT3. This indicates that the observed resistance to CEP-701, CEP-5214 and PKC412 is due to selection of FLT3-independent clones during co-culture with anti-FLT3 TKIs. To see if anti-FLT3 immunotherapy would still be active against resistant cells, MOLM14(R) and SEM-K2(R) cells were injected into NOD/SCID mice and treated with IMC-EB10, an unconjugated monoclonal antibody against FLT3. These in vivo studies demonstrate that IMC-EB10 still reduces leukemic engraftment and prolongs survival of mice injected with the resistant cell lines, to comparable levels observed with the parent cell lines. In conclusion, our data indicates that culturing leukemic cells with increasing concentrations of selective FLT3 TKIs can result in clones that are FLT3 independent and that anti-FLT3 immunotherapy is still cytotoxic to these resistant cells in vivo. An approach combining FLT3 TKIs with anti-FLT3 antibodies may prove superior and result in reduced chance of developing resistance.
Bimetallic Zn and Hf on Silica Catalysts for the Conversion of Ethanol to 1,3-Butadiene (2015)

Silica-supported catalysts for the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene were investigated. The combination of Hf(IV) and Zn(II) resulted in a stable, active, and selective catalyst in which the Zn(II) effectively suppressed the dehydration activity of Hf(IV); the catalyst preparation method plays a crucial role. Using the crystalline Zn-silicate hemimorphite as an alternative Zn(II) source proved to be even more successful in suppressing ethanol dehydration.
Characterization and reliability of SiC- and GaN-based power transistors for renewable energy applications (2012)

Power devices based on the wide-bandgap semiconductors SiC and GaN have many potential advantages compared to conventional Si-based switching devices, especially for renewable energy and smart grid applications. However, while these emerging devices have developed rapidly in recent years, many factors affecting their performance and reliability remain unknown. In this paper, we discuss some of the key results that have been obtained for both SiC- and GaN-based devices under Sandia National Lab's “post-Silicon” power electronics reliability program. State-of-the-art, commercially available 4H-SiC MOSFETs are evaluated for stability under high-temperature over-voltage and pulsed over-current conditions. The devices show maximum vulnerability under high-temperature off-state operation at high temperature. The room-temperature pulsed over-current operation results in degradation similar to that observed under high-temperature on-state DC conditions, presumably due to overheating of the device beyond its specified junction temperature. Prototype AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with ~1800 V breakdown are evaluated for stability under different bias conditions. Current collapse is observed and analyzed, and trapping components with very different time constants are found to be involved. The specific nature of degradation and recovery depends strongly upon the particular stress bias (gate vs. drain) condition applied.
Towards a View-Based Process for Designing and Documenting RESTful Service Architectures (2015)

International audience
Techniques for Reverse Engineering and Functionality Extraction of Mixed-Signal ICs for Security Applications (2015)

Abstract In this paper, we discuss a set of techniques and analysis methodologies for the reverse engineering and functionality extraction of complex mixed-signal ICs with a special focus for security applications. Front and back side reflected light pattern images at different magnifications are used to identify circuit blocks. Time-integrated and time-resolved photon emission data is used to identify gate logic states, sequences of events, and specific functional activity. Backscattered electron and scanning transmission electron images mosaics are used to reverse engineer individual gates and observe local interconnects. Thermal imaging is used to aid in the functional block identification and analog gates analysis. Different advanced methodologies for tool automation, focusing, mapping, and image processing are also discussed in the context of our proposed electro-optical tester based technique.
All-optical switching in a symmetric three-waveguide coupler with phase-mismatched absorptive central waveguide (2013)

All-optical switching operation based on manipulation of absorption in a three-waveguide directional coupler is theoretically investigated. The proposed structure consists of one absorptive central waveguide and two identical passive side waveguides. Optically induced absorption change in the central waveguide effectively controls the coupling of light between the two side waveguides, leading to optical switching action. The proposed architecture alleviates the fabrication challenges and waveguide index matching conditions that limit previous demonstrations of similar switching schemes based on a two-waveguide directional coupler. The proposed device accommodates large modal index difference between absorptive and passive waveguides without compromising the switching extinction ratio.
Unusual M 2 -mediated metal-insulator transition in epitaxial VO 2 thin films on GaN substrates (2015)

We report on the epitaxial growth of vanadium dioxide thin films on (0001) GaN substrates using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method and discuss their unusual M2-mediated metal-insulator transition (MIT) properties. We found that large lattice misfits between the film and the GaN substrate could favor the stabilization of the intermediate insulating phase, which is known to be observed only in either doped or uniaxially strained samples. We demonstrated that the MIT in films on GaN substrates could be mediated via a monoclinic phase during the transition from a monoclinic to a rutile R phase. This was confirmed by temperature-dependent Raman studies that exhibited both an evident upshift of a high-frequency phonon mode from to and a distinct peak splitting of a low-frequency phonon mode at for increasing temperatures. Moreover, a resistance change of four orders of magnitude was observed for thin films on GaN substrates, being indicative of the high quality of thin films. This study may offer great opportunities not only to improve the understanding of M2-mediated MIT behavior in thin films, but also to realize novel electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Contrast echocardiography for pulmonary blood volume quantification (2004)

Pulmonary blood volume quantification is important both for diagnosis and for monitoring of the circulatory system. It requires employment of transpulmonary indicator dilution techniques, which are very invasive due to the need for double catheterization. This paper presents a new minimally invasive technique for blood volume quantification. An ultrasound contrast agent bolus is injected peripherally and detected by an ultrasound transducer in the central circulation. Several echocardiographic views permit simultaneous detection of contrast in different cardiac cavities and central vessels, and acoustic backscatter measurements produce multiple indicator dilution curves (IDCs). Contrast mean-transit-time differences are derived from the IDC analysis and multiplied times cardiac output for the assessment of blood volumes between different detection sites. For pulmonary blood volume estimates, the right ventricle and the left atrium IDCs are measured. The mean transit time of the IDC is estimated by specific modelling. The Local Density Random Walk and the First Passage Time models were tested for IDC interpolation and interpretation. The system was validated in vitro for a wide range of flows. The results show very accurate volume measurements. The volume estimate determination coefficient is greater than 0.999 for both model fits. A preliminary study in patients shows promising results.
69.2: New R2PAT Printing Method for Fabricating TFT Electrodes (2008)

Abstract We have developed a low contact pressure Residual ink Removed Pattern Transfer (R2PAT) printing method which allows fully additive, vacuum‐free TFT electrode fabrication. A 900nm resolution and ±1um alignment accuracy has been achieved. A TFT fabricated using this method had demonstrated 33.9 cm 2 /Vs mobility and a 10 8 I on /I off ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1‐Hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazoles Through Directed Lithiation of 1‐(Benzyloxy)‐1,2,3‐triazole (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using Random Error Correcting Codes in Near-Collision Attacks on Generic Hash-Functions. (2014)

Abstract. In this paper we consider the problem of finding a near-collision with Hamming distance bounded by r in a generic cryptographic hash function h whose outputs can be modeled as random n-bit strings. In 2011, Lamberger suggested a modified version of Pollard&amp;apos;s rho method which computes a chain of values by alternately applying the hash function h and an error correcting code e to a random starting value x0 until it cycles. This turns some (but not all) of the near-collisions in h into full collisions in f = e ◦ h, which are easy to find. In 2012, Leurent improved Lamberger&amp;apos;s memoryless algorithm by using any available amount of memory to store the endpoints of multiple chains of f values, and using Van Oorschot and Wiener&amp;apos;s algorithm to find many full collisions in f, hoping that one of them will be an r-near-collision in h. This is currently the best known time/memory tradeoff algorithm for the problem. The efficiency of both Lamberger&amp;apos;s and Leurent&amp;apos;s algorithms depend on the quality of their error correction code. Since they have to apply error correction to any bit string, they want to use perfect codes, but all the known constructions of such codes can correct only 1 or 3 errors. To deal with a larger number of errors, they recommend using a concatenation of many
Functional possibilities of inorganic-organic hybrid scintillator; Pr: LuAG scintillator covered with plastic scintillator (2009)

Functional possibilities of inorganic-organic hybrid scintillator; Pr: LuAG scintillator covered with plastic scintillator is demonstrated. When 6planes of Pr: LuAG scintillator cube are covered with practice scintillator (BC-499), 30% higher light output is observed.
Synthesis of Atomically Precise Silver Clusters by Using the Miscibility Principle (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 31/2014) (2014)

The cover picture shows a schematic phase diagram of the three-component system used for the experiments. Silver and gold clusters have been synthesized by using the miscibility principle of solvents, without phase transfer agents. Three solvents, water, methanol, and toluene/chloroform have been used, which make miscible or immiscible phases depending on the composition. Separate regions of the phase diagram make different clusters, shown by diffreent colors, with the same reactant compositions. The mass spectrum of the characterized product, (Ag68SR34), is shown. Details are discussed in the article by A. Ghosh and T. Pradeep on p. 5271 ff. For more on the story behind the cover research, see the Cover Profile.
Rational Design of Highly Efficient Semi‐Transparent Organic Photovoltaics with Silver Nanowire Top Electrode via 3D Optical Simulation Study (2021)

Abstract A key factor in improving semi‐transparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) performance is achieving high light utilization efficiency (LUE). However, device performance can also be limited by the lack of understanding of light transmission and reflection within the device architecture, and the transmission of the top electrode in particular. Here, highly efficient ST‐OPVs are reported via the rational design of silver nanowire (Ag NW) top electrodes via 3D optical simulation. Due to its careful consideration for the ST‐OPV of the effect of the Ag NW networking structure, estimated average visible transmission (AVT) and ideal short‐circuit current density values from 3D optical simulation closely match those from actual measurements. Optimized ST‐OPVs with Ag NW porosity of 20% and active layer thickness of 150 nm exhibit LUE of 4.15% with a power conversion efficiency of 9.7% and AVT of 42.82%. This work achieves a record‐high LUE in ST‐OPVs reported to date and the first report introducing a 3D optical simulation study.
ABIN2 Function Is Required To Suppress DSS-Induced Colitis by a Tpl2-Independent Mechanism (2018)

The A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB 2 (ABIN2) interacts with Met1-linked ubiquitin chains and is an integral component of the tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) kinase complex. We generated a knock-in mouse expressing the ubiquitin-binding-defective mutant ABIN2[D310N]. The expression of Tpl2 and its activation by TLR agonists in macrophages or by IL-1β in fibroblasts from these mice was unimpaired, indicating that the interaction of ABIN2 with ubiquitin oligomers is not required for the stability or activation of Tpl2. The ABIN2[D310N] mice displayed intestinal inflammation and hypersensitivity to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, an effect that was mediated by radiation-resistant cells rather than by hematopioetic cells. The IL-1β-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and the secretion of PGE<sub>2</sub> was reduced in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and intestinal myofibroblasts (IMFs) from ABIN2[D310N] mice. These observations are similar to those reported for the Tpl2 knockout (KO) mice (Roulis et al. 2014. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</i> 111: E4658-E4667), but the IL-1β-dependent production of COX2 and PGE<sub>2</sub> in mouse embryonic fibroblasts or IMFs was unaffected by pharmacological inhibition of Tpl2 in wild-type mice. The expression of ABIN2 is decreased drastically in Tpl2 KO mice. These and other lines of evidence suggest that the hypersensitivity of Tpl2 KO mice to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis is not caused by the loss of Tpl2 catalytic activity but by the loss of ABIN2, which impairs COX2 and PGE<sub>2</sub> production in IMFs by a Tpl2 kinase-independent pathway.
Effects of Somatostatin on Gastrointestinal Propagation and Absorption of Oral Glucose in Man (1981)

The effects of i.v. somatostatin, 6.0–0.05 μg · min-1, on the gastric emptying and on the transit times and glucose absorption in the proximal 70 cm of the small bowel after 75 g of oral glucose were examined in healthy subjects with a multiple-marker dilution method. In the controls the stomach emptied the hypertonic glucose solution in 3 h and 48 ± 4 g of glucose was absorbed in the intestinal test segment. Approximately even proportions were absorbed from the emptied glucose portions throughout the experiments; variations were caused by the varying transit time, the absorption being more complete the longer the time to transit the segment. Somatostatin, started 20 min before oral glucose and infused for 1 or 2 h, prolonged dose-dependently the transit time. A maximal prolongation from 15 ± 2 min in the controls to 55 ± 7 min (p < 0.01) was attained by 0.5 μg · min-1, and 0.05 μg · min-1 somatostatin gave a significant twofold slowing. The inhibition of the intestinal motility persisted in the postinfusion period and was followed by a late sudden acceleration of the propagation speed. The gastric emptying rate was reduced by somatostatin, but the inhibition was slowly established and of marginal consequences for the absorption. 2-Hour infusions of more than 1.5 μg · min-1 delayed the complete emptying. Somatostatin reduced dose-dependently the glucose absorption rate in the segment. In the controls the absorption rate of 9.5 ± 1.4% · min-1 of transit decreased to 4.2 ± 0.7% min-1 (p < 0.02) after a dose of 0.05 μg· min-1 and to 2.6 ± 0.1 % · min-1 (p < 0.01) after 0.5 μg · min-1 of somatostatin and was further lowered by higher doses. The lower effectiveness was compensated by the prolonged transit times so that the totally absorbed glucose in the segment approached the control value. An absolute reduction was only recorded in early phases of the experiments before the transit was slowed and it seems to result in spite of prolonged transit from infusion rates of 1.5 μg · min-1 or more somatostatin. Dose-related side effects from the digestive tract and due to hypoglycemia in the late postinfusion period were common with infusion rates exceeding 0.5 μg · min-1. The study shows that exogenous somatostatin delays and evens out the uptake of oral glucose in the proximal small bowel by dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the gastrointestinal motility and reductions of the glucose absorption rate. The effects could be produced by somatostatin doses a hundred times lower than previously tested for effects in the human gastrointestinal tract.