gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General‐Purpose Control Devices (2015)

Abstract The responsibility of the general‐purpose control devices (GPCD) is the coordinated control of one or more machines or processes. To be truly general purpose, a GPCD must be programmable; that is, its operation is controlled by sequences of instructions and data stored in internal memory. Communication interfaces for programmable controllers provide many different combinations of connectors, signal levels, signaling rates, and communication services. Programmable controllers have historically been used as programmable replacements for relay and solid‐state logic control systems. Distributed numerical control (DNC) has two primary functions: (1) computer‐assisted programming and storage of NC programs in computer memory and (2) transfer, storage, and display of status and control information from the numerical controllers. A computer‐aided design (CAD) system typically comprises a graphics display terminal, a computer, and several software packages. The chapter explains the composition of a typical robot system and the procedure for developing its working program.
Effect of Nonmagnetic Impurities on the Magnetic Resonance Peak inYBa2Cu3O7 (1999)

The magnetic excitation spectrum of a ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ crystal containing 0.5% of nonmagnetic (Zn) impurities has been determined by inelastic neutron scattering. Whereas in the pure system a sharp resonance peak at $E\ensuremath{\simeq}40\mathrm{meV}$ is observed exclusively below the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$, the magnetic response in the Zn-substituted system is broadened significantly and vanishes at a temperature much higher than ${T}_{c}$. The energy-integrated spectral weight observed near $\mathbf{q}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$ increases with Zn substitution, and only about half of the spectral weight is removed at ${T}_{c}$.
Radiolabeled Antibodies to Bacillus anthracis Toxins Are Bactericidal and Partially Therapeutic in Experimental Murine Anthrax (2009)

Bacillus anthracis is a powerful agent for use in biological warfare, and infection with the organism is associated with a high rate of mortality, underscoring the need for additional effective therapies for anthrax. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) takes advantage of the specificity and affinity of the antigen-antibody interaction to deliver a microbicidal radioactive nuclide to a site of infection. RIT has proven therapeutic in experimental models of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections; but it is not known whether this approach can successfully employ toxin binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for diseases caused by toxigenic bacteria. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with MAbs to protective antigen (MAbs 7.5G gamma2b and 10F4 gamma1) and lethal factor (MAb 14FA gamma2b) revealed the surface expression of toxins on bacterial cells. Scatchard analysis of MAbs revealed high binding constants and numerous binding sites on the bacterial surface. To investigate the microbicidal properties of these MAbs, our group radiolabeled MAbs with either (188)Re or (213)Bi. In vitro, (213)Bi was more efficient than (188)Re in mediating microbicidal activity against B. anthracis. The administration of MAbs [(213)Bi]10F4 gamma1 and [(213)Bi]14FA gamma2b prolonged the survival of A/JCr mice infected with B. anthracis Sterne bacterial cells but not B. anthracis Sterne spores. These results indicate that RIT with MAbs that target B. anthracis toxin components can be used to treat experimental anthrax infection and suggest that toxigenic bacteria may be targeted with radiolabeled MAbs.
Hyperparameter Selection for Offline Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Offline reinforcement learning (RL purely from logged data) is an important avenue for deploying RL techniques in real-world scenarios. However, existing hyperparameter selection methods for offline RL break the offline assumption by evaluating policies corresponding to each hyperparameter setting in the environment. This online execution is often infeasible and hence undermines the main aim of offline RL. Therefore, in this work, we focus on \textit{offline hyperparameter selection}, i.e. methods for choosing the best policy from a set of many policies trained using different hyperparameters, given only logged data. Through large-scale empirical evaluation we show that: 1) offline RL algorithms are not robust to hyperparameter choices, 2) factors such as the offline RL algorithm and method for estimating Q values can have a big impact on hyperparameter selection, and 3) when we control those factors carefully, we can reliably rank policies across hyperparameter choices, and therefore choose policies which are close to the best policy in the set. Overall, our results present an optimistic view that offline hyperparameter selection is within reach, even in challenging tasks with pixel observations, high dimensional action spaces, and long horizon.
The fluorous effect in biomolecular applications (2011)

From being a niche area only a few decades ago, fluorous chemistry has gained momentum and is, nowadays, a fervent area of research. It has brought forth, in fact, numerous applicative innovations that stretch among different fields: from catalysis to separation science, from supramolecular to materials and analytical chemistry. Recently, the unique features of perfluorinated compounds have reached the attention of the biochemists' audience. This tutorial review introduces the basic concepts of fluorous chemistry and illustrates its main biomolecular applications. Special attention has been given to fluorous microarrays and their combination with Mass-Spectroscopy (MS) techniques, to protein properties modification by the introduction of local fluorous domains, and to the most recent applications of (19)F-Magnetic Resonance Imaging ((19)F-MRI).
MOG 2007: Workshop on multimodal output generation: CTIT Proceedings of the Workshop on Multimodal Output Generation (2007)

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs)-both virtual and real-can exploit multiple output modalities, including speech, facial expressions, head motions and hand gestures.Understanding the nuances of human expression is a research goal in itself.But not all of those nuances may matter to people interacting with an ECA.So, what is the balance between the benefits and costs of increasing the realism of ECAs' multimodal output?This paper draws on experience emerging from a series of studies to argue as follows.First, people may prefer greater realism, but it remains an empirical question as to whether realism improves communication.Secondly, even if it does, there is no guarantee that more expressive communication means better task performance.Thirdly, this may be because ECAs in complex visual tasks attract only minimal, intermittent attention.Thus, in current and planned work on human-robot interaction, we are studying the dual impact of multimodal communicative output on what people do, and on what they look at.
Impedance Study of the Synergistic Effects of Coal Contaminants: Is Cl a Contaminant or a Performance Stabilizer? (2010)

Impedance spectroscopy and current–voltage measurements were used to study the synergistic effects of the coal gas contaminants As, P, S, and Cl at the parts per million level on the performance of the anode-supported Ni–yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/YSZ/lanthanum strontium manganese solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) at . Three semicircles were differentiated in cell impedance spectra. The results indicate that the effects of the contaminants are synergistic, can be destructive or constructive, and are not a simple addition of individual contaminants. Adding to As and P accelerated the performance degradation. The addition of also increased the charge-transfer resistance, whereas the removal of resulted in a substantial ohmic resistance increase. The presence of Cl could mitigate or prevent performance loss from an attack by As and P. Impedance spectra show that the presence of Cl species protected the electronic percolation and slowed the rate of the charge-transfer resistance increase. Therefore, the tolerance limit of SOFCs for each contaminant could be significantly increased with Cl species in the gas stream. It is speculated that Cl species could react with nickel phosphides and Ni–P alloy to form NiCl(g), resulting in the restructuring of the catalyst surface.
Data from Preclinical Characterization of BET Family Bromodomain Inhibitor ABBV-075 Suggests Combination Therapeutic Strategies (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;ABBV-075 is a potent and selective BET family bromodomain inhibitor that recently entered phase I clinical trials. Comprehensive preclinical characterization of ABBV-075 demonstrated broad activity across cell lines and tumor models, representing a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumor indications. In most cancer cell lines derived from solid tumors, ABBV-075 triggers prominent G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; cell-cycle arrest without extensive apoptosis. In this study, we show that ABBV-075 efficiently triggers apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma cells. Apoptosis induced by ABBV-075 was mediated in part by modulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, exhibiting synergy with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in preclinical models of AML. In germinal center diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, BCL-2 levels or venetoclax sensitivity predicted the apoptotic response to ABBV-075 treatment. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; combination studies uncovered surprising benefits of low doses of ABBV-075 coupled with bortezomib and azacitidine treatment, despite the lack of &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; synergy between ABBV-075 and these agents. The &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; activities of ABBV-075 described here may serve as a useful reference to guide the development of ABBV-075 and other BET family inhibitors for cancer therapy. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(11); 2976–89. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Two-Dimensional Silicon/PLZT Spatial Light Modulators: Design Considerations And Technology (1986)

This paper presents a description of and design considerations for silicon/PLZT spatial light modulators (Si/PLZT SLMs), which provide high parallel processing power, dynamic range, cellular resolution, sensitivity, and the potential for implementation of "smart" optical devices. Following an overview of Si/PLZT SLMs, we discuss potential performance with respect to fundamental limits. We then review the current technology related to the development of these devices to meet the highest performance goals. Finally, we predict performance in specific applications. This analysis suggests that Si/PLZT SLMs can play an important role in the implementation of a variety of optical processing and computing systems.
Novel Wavelength-Shift-Free Optical Phase Conjugator Used For Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation in 200-Gb/s PDM-16QAM Transmission (2017)

We experimentally realize a wavelength-shift-free optical phase conjugator exploiting inherent suppression of the original signal in a polarization-diversity loop. We achieve 0.5-dB Q2-factor improvement in 200 Gb/s PDM-16QAM transmission over 800 km.
EMILIN-3, Peculiar Member of Elastin Microfibril Interface-located Protein (EMILIN) Family, Has Distinct Expression Pattern, Forms Oligomeric Assemblies, and Serves as Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) Antagonist (2012)

EMILIN-3 is a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix belonging to a family that contains a characteristic N-terminal cysteine-rich EMI domain. Currently, EMILIN-3 is the least characterized member of the elastin microfibril interface-located protein (EMILIN)/Multimerin family. Using RNA, immunohistochemical, and protein chemistry approaches, we carried out a detailed characterization of the expression and biochemical properties of EMILIN-3 in mouse. During embryonic and postnatal development, EMILIN-3 showed a peculiar and dynamic pattern of gene expression and protein distribution. EMILIN-3 mRNA was first detected at E8.5-E9.5 in the tail bud and in the primitive gut, and at later stages it became abundant in the developing gonads and osteogenic mesenchyme. Interestingly and in contrast to other EMILIN/Multimerin genes, EMILIN-3 was not found in the cardiovascular system. Despite the absence of the globular C1q domain, immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses demonstrated that EMILIN-3 forms disulfide-bonded homotrimers and higher order oligomers. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the most C-terminal part of EMILIN-3 has a substantial α-helical content and forms coiled coil structures involved in EMILIN-3 homo-oligomerization. Transfection experiments with recombinant constructs showed that the EMI domain contributes to the higher order self-assembly but was dispensable for homotrimer formation. EMILIN-3 was found to bind heparin with high affinity, a property mediated by the EMI domain, thus revealing a new function for this domain that may contribute to the interaction of EMILIN-3 with other extracellular matrix and/or cell surface molecules. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that EMILIN-3 is able to function as an extracellular regulator of the activity of TGF-β ligands.
Transparent format conversion of 10 Gb/s NRZ-OOK to RZ-OOK in a Si photonic wire waveguide using XPM (2010)

We present format conversion of 10-Gb/s NRZ-OOK to RZ-OOK via XPM in a Si Photonic-Wire with a 2.5-dB 10-9BER-receiver-sensitivity enhancement for the converted signal. Scalability of the technique beyond 160 Gb/s is shown theoretically.
Architectures, mechanisms and molecular evolution of natural product methyltransferases (2012)

The addition of a methyl moiety to a small chemical is a common transformation in the biosynthesis of natural products across all three domains of life. These methylation reactions are most often catalysed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTs). MTs are categorized based on the electron-rich, methyl accepting atom, usually O, N, C, or S. SAM-dependent natural product MTs (NPMTs) are responsible for the modification of a wide array of structurally distinct substrates, including signalling and host defense compounds, pigments, prosthetic groups, cofactors, cell membrane and cell wall components, and xenobiotics. Most notably, methylation modulates the bioavailability, bioactivity, and reactivity of acceptor molecules, and thus exerts a central role on the functional output of many metabolic pathways. Our current understanding of the structural enzymology of NPMTs groups these phylogenetically diverse enzymes into two MT-superfamily fold classes (class I and class III). Structural biology has also shed light on the catalytic mechanisms and molecular bases for substrate specificity for over fifty NPMTs. These biophysical-based approaches have contributed to our understanding of NPMT evolution, demonstrating how a widespread protein fold evolved to accommodate chemically diverse methyl acceptors and to catalyse disparate mechanisms suited to the physiochemical properties of the target substrates. This evolutionary diversity suggests that NPMTs may serve as starting points for generating new biocatalysts.
HPC viability measurement: trypan blue versus acridine orange and propidium iodide (2000)

The AO/PI viability assay is a rapid, highly linear, functionally correlated assay that is superior to conventional viability measurement by TB exclusion.
Experimental and Numerical Insights into Isotropic Spreading and Deterministic Dewetting of Dielectrowetted Films (2014)

Dielectrowetting effects of surface wrinkling, isotropic vs anisotropic spreading, electrode geometry, and deterministic dewetting are presented both experimentally and by 3D numerical modeling. The numerical results are generated by COMSOL in conjunction with the phase-field and electrohydrodynamic methods, including comparisons to experimental data. The dynamic behavior of the two-phase system has been accurately characterized on both the macro- and microscopic level. This work provides a deeper theoretical insight into the operating physics of dielectrowetting superspreading devices.
Model of a two-dimensional photonic bicrystal (2000)

Assuming a stack of two layers of one single dielectric anisotropic material, a crystallographic twist between the layers results in a dielectric contrast at the interface. If the one-dimensional stack is considered to have a discrete translational symmetry along the direction of light propagation, the periodic structure resembles a dielectric Bragg stack. Extending the concept of dielectric contrast by crystallographic contrast in two or more dimensions, an interesting type of photonic crystal is developed. Due to the anisotropic nature of the proposed structure, the optical properties vary by changing the crystallographic twist of the layers, and by changing the directions of the lightflow. In directions of sufficiently large dielectric contrast, propagating electromagnetic modes are confined in regions of high and low dielectric constants. In directions of zero or low dielectric contrast, the electromagnetic modes are coupled, and light propagates through a continuous transparent medium. The photonic band structures of a two-dimensional photonic bicrystal are calculated for different bi-crystalline structures. Guidelines for the design of photonic bicrystals by twist wafer bonding are included.
DJ-1 based peptide, ND-13, promote functional recovery in mouse model of focal ischemic injury (2018)

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and inflicts serious long-term damage and disability. The vasoconstrictor Endothelin-1, presenting long-term neurological deficits associated with excitotoxicity and oxidative stress is being increasingly used to induce focal ischemic injury as a model of stroke. A DJ-1 based peptide named ND-13 was shown to protect against glutamate toxicity, neurotoxic insults and oxidative stress in various animal models. Here we focus on the benefits of treatment with ND-13 on the functional outcome of focal ischemic injury. Wild type C57BL/6 mice treated with ND-13, after ischemic induction in this model, showed significant improvement in motor function, including improved body balance and motor coordination, and decreased motor asymmetry. We found that DJ-1 knockout mice are more sensitive to Endothelin-1 ischemic insult than wild type mice, contributing thereby additional evidence to the widely reported relevance of DJ-1 in neuroprotection. Furthermore, treatment of DJ-1 knockout mice with ND-13, following Endothelin-1 induced ischemia, resulted in significant improvement in motor functions, suggesting that ND-13 provides compensation for DJ-1 deficits. These preliminary results demonstrate a possible basis for clinical application of the ND-13 peptide to enhance neuroprotection in stroke patients.
Cardiac Fibrosis in Aortic Stenosis and Hypertensive Heart Disease Assessed by Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping. (2016)

T1 mapping did not reveal any evidence of abnormal interstitial fibrosis in HHD subjects with mild hypertrophy. In severe AS, a trend towards more interstitial fibrosis was present, but absolute differences were small for decision making.
Al-2.70 Micro, Μ (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Multi-band OFDM for optical networking (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel networking technique based on optical Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM). We highlight the interesting features of the solution with respect to existing ones (fully opaque optical networks and transparent networks) for optical metro and core networks. We show that under certain traffic condition MB-OFDM may offer useful flexibility in the context of increasing wavelength bit rates.
Increased REST to Optimize Life Span? (2019)

Reduced levels of neural activity are associated with a longer life span in the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and in mice. Augmented neural activity is associated with a shorter life span. Recent studies show that levels of repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) increase with normal aging in mice and humans, and reduce neuronal excitation. In <i>C. elegans,</i> increased expression of <i>spr-4</i>, a functional REST homologue, increased the worm life span and is required for classical life span increase mediated by reduced DAF-2/insulin-IGF-1 and increased DAF-16. Preliminary evidence shows that REST and FOXO1, a DAF-16, homologue increase during mammalian aging, and that REST activity is needed for the age-related FOXO1 increase. On the contrary, REST is activated in epilepsy and plays a role in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. A simple unifying hypothesis suggests that REST is a "goldilocks-effect factor": too little REST promotes excitotoxic activity, which in turn leads to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Appropriate increased levels of REST maintain the excitation/inhibition (E-I) balance by reducing potential excitotoxic activity. Increased levels of REST beyond this are toxic as neurons become dysfunctional due to loss of a neuronal phenotype.
Discovering semantic biomedical relations utilizing the Web (2008)

To realize the vision of a Semantic Web for Life Sciences, discovering relations between resources is essential. It is very difficult to automatically extract relations from Web pages expressed in natural language formats. On the other hand, because of the explosive growth of information, it is difficult to manually extract the relations. In this paper we present techniques to automatically discover relations between biomedical resources from the Web. For this purpose we retrieve relevant information from Web Search engines and Pubmed database using various lexico-syntactic patterns as queries over SOAP web services. The patterns are initially handcrafted but can be progressively learnt. The extracted relations can be used to construct and augment ontologies and knowledge bases. Experiments are presented for general biomedical relation discovery and domain specific search to show the usefulness of our technique.