gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen Under Mild Conditions (Final Report) (2020)

In order to use molecular hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels, large quantities of hydrogen (or protons and electrons) would have to be generated from water using a method based on solar energy and stored as a molecule in which hydrogen is a high weight percentage. The hydrogen must then be generated as needed from the form in which it is stored. An attractive molecule for this purpose is ammonia (~17% hydrogen by weight). Among the many problems that must be addressed for a successful implementation of this approach in the long term is the reduction of nitrogen catalytically to ammonia with protons and electrons under mild conditions, a goal that is addressed in this proposal. The first abiological catalytic reduction of N2 to NH3 by protons and electrons under mild conditions (22 °C and 1 atm) employed molybdenum catalysts, [(HIPTNCH2CH2)3N]Mo (HIPTN3N3-), where HIPT (hexaisopropylterphenyl) is 3,5- (2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3. A total of approximately four turnovers (to give a maximum of eight equivalents of ammonia) along with approximately one equivalent of hydrogen per N2 reduced, were found. A limitation of this catalytic approach is loss of the ligand from the metal. This project is aimed at developing a complex that contains a ligand that will not be removed from the metal. A macrocyclic TREN-based ligand of this type has been synthesized recently. The project is aimed at making similar ligands and molybdenum complexes that contain them and testing the new catalysts for catalytic reduction of dinitrogen. The results of these investigations will help guide further design of ligands for more efficient reduction of nitrogen to ammonia and ultimately an integrated device in which protons and electrons are generated using solar energy and employed to reduce nitrogen to ammonia using molybdenum catalysts.
P4–011: Expression of GGA1 is altered in Alzheimer's disease and regulates the generation of amyloid β–peptide (2006)

The β–amyloid–peptide (Aβ) is a major component of the Alzheimer disease (AD)–associated senile plaques and is generated by sequential cleavage of the β–amyloid–precursor–protein (APP) by β–secretase (BACE1) and γ–secretase. BACE1 cleaves APP at the N–terminus of the Aβ domain generating a membrane–bound C–terminal–fragment (CTF–β) that can be subsequently cleaved by γ–secretase within the transmembrane domain to release Aβ. Since BACE1 initiates Aβ generation, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate its cellular metabolism, transport and activity. We and others showed that Golgi–localized–gamma–ear–containing–ARF–binding–proteins (GGA) bind to BACE1. These adaptor proteins mediate the transport of cargo proteins between the TGN and the endosomes. We found that the subcellular trafficking of BACE1 is modulated by GGA1, but the functional implication of this interaction in the generation of Aβ and the pathogenesis of AD is not known. Here, we sought to investigate the role of GGA1 in the proteolytic processing of APP and its expression in the human brain. The generation of APP processing products was analyzed in cultured cells by pulse–chase–experiments. Expression of GGA1 in human brain was examined using immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. We demonstrate that GGA1 is implicated in the proteolytic processing of APP. Over–expression of GGA1 or a dominant negative variant led to reduced cleavage of APP by BACE1 as indicated by a decrease in CTF–β. Importantly, the secretion of Aβ was also reduced. These effects were independent of a direct interaction of GGA1 with APP. We also did not observe a change in total cellular activity of BACE1 by GGA1 expression. These data indicate that changes in the subcellular trafficking of BACE1 or other GGA1–dependent proteins might contribute to changes in APP processing. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that GGA1 is preferentially expressed in neurons of the human brain. GGA1 is also expressed in activated microglia surrounding amyloid plaques in AD brains. Notably, GGA1 expression was found to be significantly decreased in AD brains. Together our data indicate a role of GGA1 in Aβ generation in cultured cells and in vivo and an involvement in the pathogenesis of AD.
THE ROLE OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY (2004)

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical event with the potential to seriously affect, and sometimes kill, the patient. Interruption of blood supply causes ischemia, which rapidly damages metabolically active tissues. Paradoxically, restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissues initiates a cascade of pathology that leads to additional cell or tissue injury. I/R is a potent inducer of complement activation that results in the production of a number of inflammatory mediators. The use of specific inhibitors to block complement activation has been shown to prevent local tissue injury after I/R. Clinical and experimental studies in gut, kidney, limb, and liver have shown that I/R results in local activation of the complement system and leads to the production of the complement factors C3a, C5a, and the membrane attack complex. The novel inhibitors of complement products may find wide clinical application because there are no effective drug therapies currently available to treat I/R injuries.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Monoarylation of Primary Anilines Catalyzed by Pd(dippf) and Its Application in OLED Component Synthesis. (2016)

Abstract Pd(dippf) complexes (PDM) are found to promote the monoarylation of primary anilines (I) with unprecedented selectivity.
An SEU resistant 256 K SOI SRAM (1992)

A novel SEU (single event upset) resistant SRAM (static random access memory) cell has been implemented in a 256 K SOI (silicon on insulator) SRAM that has attractive performance characteristics over the military temperature range of -55 to +125 degrees C. These include worst-case access time of 40 ns with an active power of only 150 mW at 25 MHz, and a worst-case minimum WRITE pulse width of 20 ns. Measured SEU performance gives an Adams 10% worst-case error rate of 3.4*10/sup -11/ errors/bit-day using the CRUP code with a conservative first-upset LET threshold. Modeling does show that higher bipolar gain than that measured on a sample from the SRAM lot would produce a lower error rate. Measurements show the worst-case supply voltage for SEU to be 5.5 V. Analysis has shown this to be primarily caused by the drain voltage dependence of the beta of the SOI parasitic bipolar transistor. Based on this, SEU experiments with SOI devices should include measurements as a function of supply voltage, rather than the traditional 4.5 V, to determine the worst-case condition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
RNA Interference Screening to Identify Proliferation Determinants in Breast Cancer Cells (2017)

RNAi screening technology has revealed unknown determinants of various biological signaling pathways in biomedical studies. This protocol provided detailed information about how to use RNAi screening to identify proliferation determinants in breast tumor cells. siRNA-based libraries targeting against Estrogen receptor (ER)-network, including 631 genes relevant to estrogen signaling, was constructed for screening in breast cancer cells. Briefly, reverse transfection of siRNA induced transient gene knockdown in MCF7 cells. First, the transfection reagent for MCF7 cells was selected. Next, the Z'-score assay was used to monitor if screening conditions yielded efficiently. Then, the ER-network siRNA library screening was preceded by automatic machines under optimized experimental conditions.
Cross-reactive Anti-gp41 HIV-1 Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies Selected by Competitive Panning Against gp140 – an Update (2005)

By using a methodology based on competitive panning against gp140 in presence of excess of gp120 we identified seven new human monoclonal antibodies, m42-48, which bound to gp140s from primary isolates representing different clades. Some of them also bound a gp41-Fc fusion protein but not peptides and denatured gp140 suggesting that their epitopes are conformational; they competed with the cluster IV antibody T3 suggesting involvement of membrane proximal regions. The antibody Fabs inhibited entry mediated by envelope glycoproteins from primary isolates from different clades with potency on average comparable to that of Fab Z13; one of these antibodies, m48, was much more potent in an IgG1 format. Some of the antibodies were converted to scFvs to test the possibility for steric restriction effects; the experiments are ongoing and the results will be presented. These results indicate the possibility that conformational epitopes on gp41 could be a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and may have potential for the development of new vaccine immunogens.
Developmental engineering of living implants for deep osteochondral joint surface defects (2020)

Cell-based TE constructs mimicking immature OCGs and displaying a hierarchically organized structure comprising of different tissue forming units seem an attractive strategy to treat deep osteochondral defects of the knee.
A New Pulse Shift Method of DC Bus Current Detection for Driving with a Low Modulation Factor (2021)

This paper describes a novel pulse shift method for DC bus current detection at low speeds. It is clear that conventional pulse methods cause a growling sound at low speeds. In conventional methods, the pulse-shifting phase is determined depending on the magnitude relationship of the three-phase voltage command, which contributes to the generation of such a growling sound. The new pulse shift method does not use a voltage command to determine the phase to be pulse-shifted, and the phase is always pulse-shifted. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the generation of a growling sound. In addition, this paper also describes some problems associated with the new pulse shift method and their solutions.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7 from Dysfunctional Microvasculature as a Consequence of <i>Shb</i> Gene Inactivation Causes Impaired Tumor Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7 from Dysfunctional Microvasculature as a Consequence of &lt;i&gt;Shb&lt;/i&gt; Gene Inactivation Causes Impaired Tumor Growth
Spinal Epidural Hematoma in a Hemophilic Infant (1993)

This case shows that selected hemophilic patients with spinal epidural hematoma can be spared surgical decompression by prompt medical attention.
Representation and coding of images with nonseparable two-dimensional wavelets (2002)

A method for wavelet image representation, coding and compression, using nonseparable two-dimensional (2D) multiwavelet transform, is presented. The application of this approach results in 2D wavelet functions and filter-banks that are more suitable for coding of two-dimensional signals, such as images, than the traditional separable transform. We deal mainly with the design of multiwavelets. The nonseparable approach permits the design of 2D multiwavelets with preferred orientations. We also present the nonlinear constraints on the polyphase matrix components which must be satisfied while imposing the requirement of vanishing moments.
Etude de l'électro-déshydratation appliquée à des boues activées et des boues digérées (2011)

International audience
A semisynthetic catalytic antibody (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA semisynthetic catalytic antibodyScott J. Pollack and Peter G. SchultzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 5, 1929–1931Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00187a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00187a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
New Mechanism for Voltage Induced Charge Movement Revealed in GPCRs - Theory and Experiments (2010)

Depolarization induced charge movement associated currents, analogous to gating currents in channels, were recently demonstrated in G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and were found to affect the receptor's Agonist binding Affinity, hence denoted AA-currents. Here we study, employing a combined theoretical-experimental approach, the properties of the AA-currents using the m2-muscarinic receptor (m2R) as a case study. We found that the AA-currents are characterized by a "bump", a distinct rise followed by a slow decline, which appears both in the On and the Off responses. The cumulative features implied a directional behavior of the AA-currents. This forced us to abandon the classical chemical reaction type of models and develop instead a model that includes anisotropic processes, thus producing directionality. This model fitted well the experimental data. Our main findings are that the AA-currents include two components. One is extremely fast, approximately 0.2 ms, at all voltages. The other is slow, 2-3 ms at all voltages. Surprisingly, the slow component includes a process which strongly depends on voltage and can be as fast as 0.3 ms at + 40 mV. The reason that it does not affect the overall time constant of the slow component is that it carries very little charge. The two fast processes are suitable candidates to link between charge movement and agonist binding affinity under physiological conditions.
Essential role of maternal UCHL1 and UCHL3 in fertilization and preimplantation embryo development (2011)

Post-translational protein modification by ubiquitination, a signal for lysosomal or proteasomal proteolysis, can be regulated and reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). This study examined the roles of UCHL1 and UCHL3, two members of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) family of DUBs, in murine fertilization and preimplantation development. Before fertilization, these proteins were associated with the oocyte cortex (UCHL1) and meiotic spindle (UCHL3). Intracytoplasmic injection of the general UCH-family inhibitor ubiquitin-aldehyde (UBAL) or antibodies against UCHL3 into mature metaphase II oocytes blocked fertilization by reducing sperm penetration of the zona pellucida and incorporation into the ooplasm, suggesting a role for cortical UCHL1 in sperm incorporation. Both UBAL and antibodies against UCHL1 injected at the onset of oocyte maturation (germinal vesicle stage) reduced the fertilizing ability of oocytes. The subfertile Uchl1(gad-/-) mutant mice showed an intriguing pattern of switched UCH localization, with UCHL3 replacing UCHL1 in the oocyte cortex. While fertilization defects were not observed, the embryos from homozygous Uchl1(gad-/-) mutant females failed to undergo morula compaction and did not form blastocysts in vivo, indicating a maternal effect related to UCHL1 deficiency. We conclude that the activity of oocyte UCHs contributes to fertilization and embryogenesis by regulating the physiology of the oocyte and blastomere cortex.
RU 486 Mediated Leukocytic Inflammatory Reaction at the Utero‐Placental Interface (1989)

Placentae obtained from RU 486 treated cynomolgus monkeys, with successful pregnancy outcome, could not be distinguished, by microscopic or macroscopic examination, from normal placental morphology of untreated females. However, circulating PAPP-A levels were markedly depressed in RU 486 treated (114.8 +/- 13.1 IU/l) than in control animals (477.2 +/- 150 IU/l), suggesting compromised placental physiology. Microscopic examination of placental tissue obtained from animals with fetal demise, after RU 486 administration, revealed pathological changes. When fetal demise occurred recently (less than 24 h), active villus destruction by infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes was readily observed. Whereas aqueous extracts of placentae, whether obtained by cesarean section or spontaneous delivery, inhibited neutrophil elastase (HGE) activity, extracts of placenta being degraded by host phagocytic-proteolytic defense system were rich in HGE activity. Thus suggesting that parturition was not mediated by leukocyte lysosomal proteases, such as HGE, and that hemochorrially implanted placentae produce PAPP-A, a specific inhibitor of HGE. Administration of RU 486 decreased placental PAPP-A production and secretion, culminating with a neutrophilic infiltration into placental intervillous blood spaces, destruction of villus structure and fetal demise.
Gnome (2018)

Accurate positioning in urban areas is important for personal navigation, geolocation apps, and ride-sharing. Smartphones localize themselves using GPS position estimates, and augment these with a variety of techniques including dead reckoning, map matching, and WiFi localization. However, GPS signals suffer significant impairment in urban canyons because of limited line-of-sight to satellites and signal reflections. In this paper, we focus on scalable and deployable techniques to reduce the impact of one specific impairment: reflected GPS signals from non-line-of-sight (NLOS) satellites. Specifically, we show how, using publicly available street-level imagery and off-the-shelf computer vision techniques, we can estimate the path inflation incurred by (the extra distance traveled by) a reflected signal from a satellite. Using these path inflation estimates we develop techniques to estimate the most likely actual position given a set of satellite readings at some position. Finally, we develop optimizations for fast position estimation on modern smartphones. Using extensive experiments in the downtown area of several large cities, we find that our techniques can reduce positioning error by up to 55% on average.
Diode-pumped gas-cooled-slab laser performance (1996)

The conceptual characteristics of a solid-state laser architecture that promises to provide appropriate characteristics for high average power (MW scale) solid-state lasers, such as those desired for Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) applications, was first outlined in the early 1980's by J. Emmett, B. Krupke, and J. Trenholme.1 This design employed a solid-state gain medium that was optically pumped and extracted as well as gas-cooled through the large aperture of a slab. Experimental work was then pursued severa1 years later, when Albrecht, Sutton and co-workers explored this new strategy for cooling solid-state amplifier-slabs with resistive-electrical surface heaters.2 Yb:Sr5(PO4)3F(Yb:S-FAP) was discovered and found to be an efficient energy storage gain media and to possess other properties well-suited to a high efficiency rep-rated operation.3 The emergence of high power diode arrays provided the final ingredient needed to build an efficient gas-cooled-slab (GCS) diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL). Orth and co-workers conceptually assembled these advances to describe the potential performance of a MJ scale GCS DPSSL within the laser-driven fusion-energy context.4 A Yb:S-FAP DPSSL was previously demonstrated that had 12% electrical to optical slope efficiencies without the complications of active colling.5 We report here the first results for a gas-cooled-slab laser device.
Evolution of Strain Energy During Recrystallization of Plated Cu Films (2016)

Microstructural evolution within thin films is dictated by energy minimization that can arise due to different mechanisms. Conventional treatments that estimate the driving force associated with elastic strain energy often employ a fiber-textured microstructure to arrive at an analytical solution. By approximating the case of a recrystallized grain in a randomly oriented film as an elastically anisotropic inclusion in an elastically isotropic matrix, we can apply Eshelby's inclusion method to calculate both the interaction strains and the strain energy density generated by this elastic incompatibility. A comparison of these two approaches for grains with cubic symmetry reveals that a lower amount of elastic strain energy is generated in the case of an elastically anisotropic grain in an isotropic matrix, suggesting that it is less energetically favorable for Cu (111) grains to recrystallize in films possessing strong (111) texture than in randomly textured films. High-resolution X-ray diffraction measurements are used to extract the difference in the elastic response between recrystallized grains and the untransformed matrix, providing experimental quantification of the induced interaction strains. In addition, the corresponding elastic strain energy values are compared with the appearance of recrystallized (100) grains as a function of film thickness, allowing for a threshold energy density to be extracted. This threshold energy density can be correlated to the difference in surface energy values between (100)- and (111)-oriented grains.
Pharmacokinetically Based Mapping Device for Chemical Space Navigation (2002)

ChemGPS, the chemical global positioning system, is a tool that combines rules (equivalent to dimensions) and objects (chemical structures) to provide a consistent chemical space map (Oprea, T. I.; Gottfries, J. J. Comb. Chem. 2001, 3, 157-166.). Rules included, initially, general properties such as size, lipophilicity, and hydrogen bond capacity, while objects include "satellites", intentionally placed outside the druglike space, as well as "core" objects, mostly orally available drugs. ChemGPS molecules (objects) were used in conjunction with the VolSurf (http://www.moldiscovery.com) descriptors (rules), which are relevant for ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties. The combination of ChemGPS and VolSurf, GPSVS, was investigated with respect to the biopharmaceutics classification system, which is recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (http://www.fda.gov/cder/OPS/BCS_guidance.htm), in particular with respect to permeability and solubility. The first GPSVS principal component correlates, with no further training, to passive transcellular permeability, as illustrated for the Caco-2, ghost erythrocyte, and blood-brain barrier datasets, respectively. The second GPSVS principal component correlates, without prior training, to solubility, as shown for the octanol-water partition and intrinsic solubility datasets, respectively. Although derived from principal component analysis, the two property axes rotate and form an angle of approximately 43 degrees, thus being no longer orthogonal. GPSVS can be used to map the chemical space with respect to permeability and solubility, as recommended by FDA's biopharmaceutics classification system.