gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol‐graft‐hyperbranched glycerol) Part A Polymer chemistry (2017)

We report the first example of grafting hyperbranched polyglycerol onto poly(vinyl alcohol) via ring‐opening polymerisation of glycidol to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol‐graft‐hyperbranched glycerol) (P[(VA)‐g‐(hPG)]). The effects of catalyst, molecular weight of PVA, reaction temperature, water content, moles of reagent, and addition time of reagent were also investigated. P[(VA)‐g‐(hPG)] with various mole fractions of hPG were prepared and the degrees of substitution and branching were determined. P[(VA)‐g‐(hPG)] displayed decreased degree of crystallinity and also increased solubility in water, compared to PVA. P[(VA)‐g‐(hPG)] is shown to be a superior hair styling polymer with a curl retention value of 85% after 4 h. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3041–3047
MEMS based Single Fiber Reflectance Confocal Microscope System (SFCM) for In Vivo Cellular Imaging (2006)

Single fiber reflectance confocal microscope based on 2-axis micro scanning mirror is demonstrated. 140×100 µm FOV, 1.4 µm lateral, and 20 µm axial resolution at 8 frames/s are achieved. We get images of biological tissue
An activated CD8+ lymphocyte appears in lymph nodes of rhesus monkeys early after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus. (1991)

Although alterations in T lymphocyte subset distribution and function in the peripheral blood of HIV-infected humans are well defined, the extent to which these reflect changes in other lymphoid compartments is unclear. We have characterized the coincident changes in PBL and lymph nodes (LN)1 after simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac) infection of rhesus monkeys. Whereas no consistent change in CD8+ PBL was noted during the first 60 d after infection, CD8+ lymphocytes increased significantly in number in LN. These CD8+ LN lymphocytes exhibited an increased expression of MHC class II and a decreased expression of leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, suggesting that they were activated, but interestingly did not express CD25 (IL-2 receptor). Moreover, there was no evidence that these CD8+ LN cells were proliferating, suggesting that they had migrated to the LN. These changes in the LN CD8+ lymphocyte population preceded any detectable change in the light microscopic appearance of the LN. When SIVmac-specific effector T cell responses were assessed, the magnitude of virus-specific effector activity was nearly identical in the PBL and LN of each monkey studied. However, the presence of SIVmac-specific effector cells in the LN did not correlate with the presence of CD8+, MHC class II+ cells. These findings suggest that this numerically important CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulation may serve a regulatory function.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of a Carbene/Silylene/Germylene Series (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectron Spectroscopy of a Carbene/Silylene/Germylene SeriesAnthony J. Arduengo III, Hans Bock, Han Chen, Michael Denk, David A. Dixon, Jennifer C. Green, Wolfgang A. Herrmann, Nancy L. Jones, Matthias Wagner, and Robert WestCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 15, 6641–6649Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00094a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2548Altmetric-Citations308LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Optimal Design of IPM Motors With Different Cooling Systems and Winding Configurations (2016)

Performance improvement of permanent magnet (PM) motors through optimization techniques has been widely investigated in the literature. Oftentimes the practice of design optimization leads to derivation/interpretation of optimal scaling rules of PM motors for a particular loading condition. This paper demonstrates how these derivations vary with respect to the machine ampere loading and ferrous core saturation level. A parallel sensitivity analysis using a second-order response surface methodology followed by a large-scale design optimization based on evolutionary algorithms are pursued in order to establish the variation of the relationships between the main design parameters and the performance characteristics with respect to the ampere loading and magnetic core saturation levels prevalent in the naturally cooled, fan-cooled, and liquid-cooled machines. For this purpose, a finite-element-based platform with a full account of complex geometry, magnetic core nonlinearities, and stator and rotor losses is used. Four main performance metrics including active material cost, power losses, torque ripple, and rotor PM demagnetization are investigated for two generic industrial PM motors with distributed and concentrated windings with subsequent conclusions drawn based on the results.
Advances in Electron Beam Melting of Aluminum Alloys (2007)

The high thermal conductivity and melt pool optical reflectivity associated with aluminum alloys can pose significant challenges for direct-metal SFF processes. The use of SFF processes to produce aluminum parts is often not cost effective relative to CNC machining for simple geometries. However, the use of SFF techniques for aluminum alloys is justified for some applications such as aerospace forgings or high surface area heat exchangers. This paper describes recent progress in processing aluminum alloys using the Electron Beam Melting process. Structure and properties will be discussed, as well challenges associated with high vapor pressure alloying elements such as zinc and magnesium.
Interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cell and the effect of front surface passivation (2007)

This letter reports interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cells which combine the performance benefits of both back contact and heterojunction technologies while reducing their limitations. Low temperature (&amp;lt;200°C) deposited p- and n-type amorphous silicon used to form interdigitated heteroemitter and contacts in the rear preserves substrate lifetime while minimizes optical losses in the front. The IBC-SHJ structure is ideal for diagnosing surface passivation quality, which is analyzed and measured by internal quantum efficiency and minority carrier lifetime measurements. Initial cells have independently confirmed efficiency of 11.8% under AM1.5 illumination. Simulations indicate efficiencies greater than 20% after optimization.
A 130-GHz Power Amplifier in a 250-nm InP Process with 32% PAE (2020)

This work presents a 120- to 140-GHz 250-nm Indium Phosphide (InP) HBT power amplifier (PA) capable of delivering 15-dBm saturated output power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ) and 32% power added efficiency (PAE). The PA is designed using a pseudo-differential common-base (CB) stage to improve the power gain and power-added efficiency (PAE). A load-line matching design methodology is described for CB topology using a planar sub-quarter wavelength balun for low-loss power combining. The chip size is 0.4mm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sub> 0.5mm including pads. To the author's knowledge, this is a record PAE for D-band PAs using any integrated circuit process.
Updates on Myopia (2019)

This open access book covers basic clinical concepts of myopia, epidemiology and modalities to prevent progression as well as surgical treatments in relation to myopia and pathological myopia. It provides an evidence-based review by experts in myopia globally and clinical perspective on the disease.
Impact of Health on Particle Size of Exhaled Respiratory Aerosols: Case‐control Study (2008)

Individuals with viral infection could possibly emit an infectious aerosol. The distinction between exhaled breaths of infected and healthy individuals should facilitate an understanding of the airborne transmission of infections. In this context, the present study is aimed at distinguishing healthy individuals from symptomatic ones by the study of their exhaled breath. A setup composed of a modified hood connected to an electrical low pressure impactor, which allows for the study of a wide range of particle sizes (from 7 nm to 10 μm), has been developed in order to collect exhaled breaths. This setup has been used with seventy eight volunteers. The results obtained using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that exhaled breaths of individuals without symptoms have statistical similarities and are different from those of individuals with symptoms. This separation was made by the greater proportional emission by individuals with symptoms of particles collected on stages 3 (<i>D</i> <sub>50</sub> = 0.09 μm), 6 (<i>D</i> <sub>50</sub> = 0.38 μm), 8 (<i>D</i> <sub>50</sub> = 0.95 μm), 10 (<i>D</i> <sub>50</sub> = 2.40 μm), and 12 (<i>D</i> <sub>50</sub> = 4.02 μm) of the impactor. There was not a specific size distribution obtained for the individuals with symptoms. As a consequence, further research on the exhaled breath should be undertaken with symptomatic volunteers and would require the analysis of this wide range of particle sizes.
Mechanical tuning of defect modes in polymer-based terahertz one-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by stereolithography (2021)

Mechanical tuning of defect modes in a polymer-based one-dimensional photonic crystal was demonstrated for the terahertz (THz) spectral range. A sharp defect mode in the photonic bandgap was achieved by symmetrically enclosing a defect layer with two identical pairs of alternating compact and low-density layers. By adjusting the thickness of the defect layer, the spectral position of the defect mode within the photonic bandgap was easily controlled. Normal incidence transmission spectroscopy in a spectral range from 82 to 125 GHz was used to determine the THz spectral response for different defect layer thicknesses. The transmission data were analyzed using stratified optical layer model calculations. Spectral shift of the center frequency of the narrow transmission peak within a distinct photonic bandgap was observed in the experimental transmission spectra. The shift was achieved by mechanical tuning of the defect layer thickness. A good agreement between the relevant model parameters and the corresponding design parameters was found.
Facile Preparation of Ultrafine Aluminum Hydroxide Particles with or without Mesoporous MCM-41 in Ambient Environments (2017)

An aqueous suspension of nanogibbsite was synthesized via the titration of aluminum aqua acid [Al(H2O)6]<sup>3+</sup> with L-arginine to pH 4.6. Since the hydrolysis of aqueous aluminum salts is known to produce a wide array of products with a wide range of size distributions, a variety of state-of-the-art instruments (i.e., <sup>27</sup>Al/<sup>1</sup>H NMR, FTIR, ICP-OES, TEM-EDX, XPS, XRD, and BET) were used to characterize the synthesis products and identification of byproducts. The product, which was comprised of nanoparticles (10-30 nm), was isolated using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) column technique. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) identified the purified material as the gibbsite polymorph of aluminum hydroxide. The addition of inorganic salts (e.g., NaCl) induced electrostatic destabilization of the suspension, thereby agglomerating the nanoparticles to yield Al(OH)3 precipitate with large particle sizes. By utilizing the novel synthetic method described here, Al(OH)3 was partially loaded inside the highly ordered mesoporous framework of MCM-41, with average pore dimensions of 2.7 nm, producing an aluminosilicate material with both octahedral and tetrahedral Al (Oh/Td = 1.4). The total Al content, measured using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), was 11% w/w with a Si/Al molar ratio of 2.9. A comparison of bulk EDX with surface X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) elemental analysis provided insight into the distribution of Al within the aluminosilicate material. Furthermore, a higher ratio of Si/Al was observed on the external surface (3.6) as compared to the bulk (2.9). Approximations of O/Al ratios suggest a higher concentration of Al(O)3 and Al(O)4 groups near the core and external surface, respectively. The newly developed synthesis of Al-MCM-41 yields a relatively high Al content while maintaining the integrity of the ordered silica framework and can be used for applications where hydrated or anhydrous Al2O3 nanoparticles are advantageous.
X-ray diffraction with micrometre spatial resolution for highly absorbing samples (2022)

X-ray diffraction with high spatial resolution is commonly used to characterize (poly)crystalline samples with, for example, respect to local strain, residual stress, grain boundaries and texture. However, the investigation of highly absorbing samples or the simultaneous assessment of high-Z materials by X-ray fluorescence have been limited due to the utilization of low photon energies. Here, a goniometer-based setup implemented at the P06 beamline of PETRA III that allows for micrometre spatial resolution with a photon energy of 35 keV and above is reported. A highly focused beam was achieved by using compound refractive lenses, and high-precision sample manipulation was enabled by a goniometer that allows up to 5D scans (three rotations and two translations). As experimental examples, the determination of local strain variations in martensitic steel samples with micrometre spatial resolution, as well as the simultaneous elemental distribution for high-Z materials in a thin-film solar cell, are demonstrated. The proposed approach allows users from the materials-science community to determine micro-structural properties even in highly absorbing samples.
Thermal-Mechanical Life Prediction System for Anisotropic Turbine Components (2005)

Modern gas turbine engines provide large amounts of thrust and withstand severe thermal-mechanical conditions during the load and mission operations characterized by cyclic transients and long dwell times. All these operational factors can be detrimental to the service life of turbine components and need careful consideration. Engine components subject to the harshest environments are turbine high-pressure vanes and rotating blades. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a turbine component three-dimensional life prediction system, which accounts for mission transients, anisotropic material properties, and multi-axial, thermal-mechanical, strain and stress fields. This paper presents a complete life prediction approach for either commercial missions or more complex military missions, which includes evaluation of component transient metal temperatures, resolved maximum shear stresses and strains, and subsequent component life capability for fatigue and creep damage. The procedure is based on considering all of the time steps in the mission profile by developing a series of extreme points that envelop every point in the mission. Creep damage is factored into the component capability by debiting thermal-mechanical accumulated cycles using the traditional Miner’s rule for accumulated fatigue and creep damage. Application of this methodology is illustrated to the design of the NASA Energy Efficient Engine (E3) high pressure turbine blade with operational load shakedown leading to stress relaxation on the external hot surfaces and potential state of overstress in the inner cold rib regions of the airfoil.
Influences of related retroviruses on lymphocyte functions (1989)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is known to be profoundly immunosuppressive [Spickett and Dalgleish (1988) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 71, 1]. In this communication, we have studied the influences of HIV-1 (BH10), HIV-2 (LAV-2) and STLV-3 on B and T cells from healthy volunteers. B lymphocytes were found to differentiate into immunoglobulin secreting cells in response to stimulation by proteins of HIV-1 and LAV-2, but not by STLV-3. This response was obtained at protein concentrations of 0.05-0.005 micrograms/ml and was T cell dependent. IgM secretion was induced only by HIV-1 in the EBV-transformed B cell line SKW 6.4. At higher concentrations all three retroviral preparations had inhibitory influences on functions of B as well as T lymphocytes. B cell differentiation was maximally inhibited by HIV-1 and LAV-2 when these proteins were added concurrently to cultures with the polyclonal B cell activators pokeweed mitogen or Epstein-Barr virus. Tetanus antigen-specific T cell lymphoproliferation was inhibited by all retroviral proteins. These findings suggest that related retroviruses differ in their capacity to influence normal immune responses.
Supplementary Table 1 from A Targeted RNAi Screen of the Breast Cancer Genome Identifies <i>KIF14</i> and <i>TLN1</i> as Genes That Modulate Docetaxel Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF File - 852K, Annotation of all shRNA clones used in the current study from Open Biosystems (Lafayette, CO) CSHL Hs shRNAmir 6.13 library.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Racemic Frenolicin B and 5-epi-Frenolicin B via Intramolecular Palladium Catalyzed Aryloxycarbonylation (1999)

A synthesis of the pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotic (±)-frenolicin B[(±)-1] is described. Key step is the intramolecular palladium-catalyzed aryloxycarbonylation of the 2-allyl-1-naphthol derivatives 8a,b to give the tricyclic λ-lactones 6a,b. Only the former (6a) is converted successfully into (±)-deoxyfrenolicin, the immediate precursor of (±)-1.
Bounds on Time Delay and Doppler Estimation with Partially Coherent Signals (2002)

Abstract — Fundamental performance limits for passive time delay and Doppler estimation have been studied extensively for several decades. The fundamental limits are usually parameterized in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at each sensor, the spectral support of the signals (fractional bandwidth), and the time-bandwidth product of the observations. In some applications, loss of coherence between the signals measured at a pair of sensors significantly affects the time delay and Doppler estimation accuracy. For example, in aeroacoustics (low frequency sounds &amp;lt; 300 Hz propagating through air) and ultrasonics (sounds in the MHz range propagating through living tissue), the signals received at spatially-separated sensors are not perfectly coherent due to random motion of particles in the propagation medium. In order to quantify the effect of partial signal coherence on time delay and Doppler estimation, we present Cramér-Rao and Ziv-Zakai bounds that are explicitly parameterized by the signal coherence, along with the traditional parameters of SNR, fractional bandwidth, and time-bandwidth product. The results are applied to the processing data from an “array of arrays ” that consists of several small-aperture sensor arrays distributed over a large two-dimensional area. I.
A novel haploid genetics approach to dissect immune pathways (P3235) (2013)

Abstract Unbiased loss-of-function genetic screens in model organisms have been major driving forces for modern biological research. However, many biological functions of humans such as adaptive immunity are not found in model organisms amenable to classic genetic screens. Despite tremendous efforts, human somatic cell genetics remains unattainable due to the inability to efficiently induce homozygous mutations in diploid human cells. Our group developed a novel haploid genetics approach to dissect immune pathways in human cells. We take advantage of human myeloid cells lines (e.g. KBM7) that exhibit a haploid karyotype. Retroviral insertional mutagenesis of the haploid cells generates a library of mutant cells with individual genes completely disrupted. First, we validated the haploid mutant library by screening for mutants resistant to the cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin. After selection, the retroviral insertion sites of the resistant clones were mapped by deep sequencing. We identified HBEGF, the known cell surface receptor for diphtheria toxin. We also isolated multiple endocytic membrane proteins, which likely mediate the internalization of diphtheria toxin. Next, we demonstrated that the haploid mutant library is also suitable for studying complex immune pathways such as the elimination of tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This haploid genetics approach provides a novel and powerful platform for dissecting immune pathways on a genome-wide scale.
Convenient new procedures for the synthesis of ethoxythiocarbonyl derivatives of amino acids (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient new procedures for the synthesis of ethoxythiocarbonyl derivatives of amino acidsGeorge Barany, Bernard W. Fulpius, and T. P. KingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 14, 2930–2932Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00408a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00408a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ethylene Polymerization Kinetics with a Heterogeneous Metallocene Catalyst – Comparison of Gas and Slurry Phases (2005)

Abstract Summary: Ethylene homopolymerizations were executed with a supported Ind 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO catalyst using the so‐called Reactive Bed Preparation method. This RBP method combined a slurry polymerization with a gas phase polymerization with the same polymerizing particles, i.e., a reactive bed. Polymerization kinetics were measured with high accuracy and reproducibility. Slurry and gas phase polymerization rates showed the same dependency on monomer bulk concentration. A complexation model has been proposed to describe the non‐first order polymerization rate‐monomer concentration dependence observed. This model also explains the non‐Arrhenius temperature dependence and the observed pressure dependence of the activation energy of the commonly used polymerization rate model: R p = k p · C * · M . magnified image