gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung molekularer Übergangs-Metall Katalysatoren für die Reverse Wasser-Gas Shift Reaktion und die selektive Umwandlung von Kohlenstoffdioxid und Wasserstoff zu Ameisensäureestern und Methanol (2020)

The present dissertation focuses on the combined utilization of carbon dioxid and molecular hydrogen catalyzed by molecular transition metal complexes. Chapter 1 gives a general overview on the challenges associated with the substrates molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the academic and industrial interests and the current state of the art in homogeneous catalysis are described. Chapter 2 centers on the reduction of carbon dioxide with molecular hydrogen via the formation of formato intermediate species, leading to the synthesis of valuable, liquid C1-building blocks such as methyl formate (MF), dimethoxy methane (DMM) and methanol (MeOH). Chapters 2.1 and 2.2 describe the state of the art and development of versatile [Ru(E-triphos $^{deriv}$.)(tmm)] (E = C, N, Si, P) complexes, identified as highly active in carbon dioxide hydrogenation to C1-building blocks. The complexes were applied in catalysis in the upcoming chapters 2.3, 2.4 and 2.5, addressing the production of MF, DMM and MeOH from carbon dioxide, respectively. For the selective synthesis of MF, a novel Ru complex based on a sterically demanding and electron donating ligand was explored. Novel Triphos-analogue Ru catalysts for both transformations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to either DMM or MeOH could be developed. In chapter 2.6, the first transfer hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to MeOH, utilizing alcohols as liquid hydrogen carrier, is illustrated. The catalytic performance of selected [Ru(E-triphos $^{deriv}$.)(tmm)] catalysts is evaluated and correlated to structural parameters. In chapter 2.7, the obtained results on Ru catalyzed carbon dioxide hydrogenation are compared and put into context. Furthermore, the generation of a dicarbonyl complex was found to be a unique deactivation pathway. Several approaches for a reactivation were investigated and a new route to convert the resting state in a more productive form was established. Chapter 3 portrays the carbon dioxide reduction via the formation of hydroxycarbonyl complexes, resulting in the formation of carbon monoxide and water in the reverse water-gas shift reaction (rWGSR). For the efficient, low temperature rWGSR, two catalyst systems, comprising molecular Pd- and Ni-pincer complexes, could be developed and were explored in detail in sections 3.2 and 3.3. The key step leading to high catalytic productivity could be identified and mechanistically correlated to a novel metal-ligand cooperation.
A new process technique for complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] compatible sensors (2001)

A new sacrificial-etching-window (SEW) structure is reported for the first time, which can be used for most complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible sensor structures. Using a buried sacrificial layer, the etching windows of the substrate can be extended beneath the membrane. The SEW technique combines the advantages of both surface micromachining by using a sacrificial layer structure and bulk micromachining by anisotropic etching of a silicon substrate. Using the SEW structure, one can speed up the etching rate and design a larger membrane with a larger active area. Several sensors are fabricated by 1.2 μm industrial CMOS IC technologies combined with subsequent anisotropic front-side etching stops. Three kinds of SEW thermoelectric sensors are reported in this paper, and the characteristics of the sensors are analyzed and measured.
The Power Durability Dependence on Temperature, Input Power and Structure of Electrodes in SAW Filter (2011)

The dependence of power durability on temperature and input power has been studied in detail by using SAW filter with AlMgCu/Ti/AlMgCu/Ti 4-layered electrodes. In case of SAW filters, acceleration factors of degradation are temperature and input power. These 2 factors are not independent in actual SAW filters, but it is necessary to control the condition to keep the independency of these 2 factors in accelerated deterioration test. As the results of power durability estimation of 4-layered electrodes which had done in consideration of the point above, the activation energy of diffusion showed value of bulk diffusion level in the test using 800MHz band filters, and the dependence of input power was increase in proportion to the frequency of input power. Additionally, we successfully improved power durability of 4-layered electrodes by modifying the layered structure and increasing Mg content in AlMgCu alloy layers. In the former case, the dependency of input power didn't change but the absolute level against input power was improved. On the other hand, the dependency of input power and the absolute level against input power didn't change but the dependence of temperature is increase in the latter case.
Reversible C-C Bond Scission and C-H Bond Activation in the Butterfly Acetylide Clusters Cp*WOs3(CO)11(CCR) (R = Ph, Bu, CH2OMe) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible C-C Bond Scission and C-H Bond Activation in the Butterfly Acetylide Clusters Cp*WOs3(CO)11(CCR) (R = Ph, Bu, CH2OMe)Yun Chi, Pei-Chiun Su, Shie-Ming Peng, and Gene-Hsiang LeeCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 12, 5483–5485Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00012a011https://doi.org/10.1021/om00012a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Prostaglandin D2 acts through the Dp2 receptor to influence male germ cell differentiation in the foetal mouse testis (2014)

Through intercellular signalling, the somatic compartment of the foetal testis is able to program primordial germ cells to undergo spermatogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 9 and several members of the transforming growth factor β superfamily are involved in this process in the foetal testis, counteracting the induction of meiosis by retinoic acid and activating germinal mitotic arrest. Here, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which is produced through both L-Pgds and H-Pgds enzymatic activities in the somatic and germ cell compartments of the foetal testis, plays a role in mitotic arrest in male germ cells by activating the expression and nuclear localization of the CDK inhibitor p21(Cip1) and by repressing pluripotency markers. We show that PGD2 acts through its Dp2 receptor, at least in part through direct effects in germ cells, and contributes to the proper differentiation of male germ cells through the upregulation of the master gene Nanos2. Our data identify PGD2 signalling as an early pathway that acts in both paracrine and autocrine manners, and contributes to the differentiation of germ cells in the foetal testis.
CoRAM (2011)

FPGAs have been used in many applications to achieve orders-of-magnitude improvement in absolute performance and energy efficiency relative to conventional microprocessors. Despite their promise in both processing performance and efficiency, FPGAs have not yet gained widespread acceptance as mainstream computing devices. A fundamental obstacle to FPGA-based computing today is the FPGA's lack of a common, scalable memory architecture. When developing applications for FPGAs, designers are often directly responsible for crafting the application-specific infrastructure logic that manages and transports data to and from the processing kernels. This infrastructure not only increases design time and effort but will frequently lock a design to a particular FPGA product line, hindering scalability and portability. We propose a new FPGA memory architecture called Connected RAM (CoRAM) to serve as a portable bridge between the distributed computation kernels and the external memory interfaces. In addition to improving performance and efficiency, the CoRAM architecture provides a virtualized memory environment as seen by the hardware kernels to simplify development and to improve an application's portability and scalability.
Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species in Sonodynamically Induced Apoptosis Using a Novel Porphyrin Derivative (2012)

In this study, we investigated the induction of apoptosis by ultrasound in the presence of the novel porphyrin derivative DCPH-P-Na(I). HL-60 cells were exposed to ultrasound for up to 3 min in the presence and absence of DCPH-P-Na(I), and the induction of apoptosis was examined by analyzing cell morphology, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3 activity. Reactive oxygen species were measured by means of ESR and spin trapping technique. Cells treated with 8 μM DCPH-P-Na(I) and ultrasound clearly showed membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage, whereas significant morphologic changes were not observed in cells exposed to either ultrasound or DCPH-P-Na(I) alone. Also, DNA ladder formation and caspase-3 activation were observed in cells treated with both ultrasound and DCPH-P-Na(I) but not in cells treated with ultrasound or DCPH-P-Na(I) alone. In addition, the combination of DCPH-P-Na(I) and the same acoustical arrangement of ultrasound substantially enhanced nitroxide generation by the cells. Sonodynamically induced apoptosis, caspase-3 activation, and nitroxide generation were significantly suppressed by histidine. These results indicate that the combination of ultrasound and DCPH-P-Na(I) induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. The significant reduction in sonodynamically induced apoptosis, nitroxide generation, and caspase-3 activation by histidine suggests active species such as singlet oxygen are important in the sonodynamic induction of apoptosis. These experimental results support the possibility of sonodynamic treatment for cancer using the induction of apoptosis.
Joining of materials with millimetre-wave beam source (2004)

An 83 GHz gyrotron-based, millimetre-wave beam system is being used for a range of material processing. One very promising application of this technology is in joining of ceramic and ceramic composite materials and has unique advantages over competitive techniques. The significant advantage is localisation of heating, with the millimetre-wave beam controlled by reflective optics, permitting inexpensive fixturing and instrumentation and minimising thermal damage to components. Another is the possibility of depositing energy specifically in a narrow joint region, through a guided wave effect. A corollary advantage of the process is the possibility of very rapid thermal cycling during joining, minimising thermal degradation of materials being joined.
Inter-imaging accuracy of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and transrectal ultrasound in measuring prostate volume compared to the anatomic prostatic weight (2020)

MRI and CT are equally effective in assessing the PV, and they can be readily utilized to guide the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) management without repeating in-office TRUS. This is not only cost-effective, but also eliminates patient anxiety and discomfort.
[P4–467]: LUMIPULSE® G TOTAL TAU: KEY PERFORMANCES OF A FULLY AUTOMATED CHEMILUMINESCENT IMMUNOASSAY (2017)

Today levels of β-amyloid(1–42) peptide and total Tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are well-accepted biomarkers representing Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the earliest stages on. Widespread use of these biomarkers in AD diagnosis requires reliable, highly precise, and accurate measurements. Analytical requirements and performance on CSF samples of the novel Lumipulse G Total Tau assay (CE-marking ongoing), a fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay were verified. The LUMIPULSE G instruments use single analyte, ready-to-use immunoreaction cartridges with a throughput of 60 and 120 tests/hour for the G600II and the G1200 instrument, respectively. Sequential immunoreaction steps are carried out while the cartridge is transported through the system. Each cartridge generates quantitative results within approximately 30 minutes and multiple assays can be easily combined in the system. The Lumipulse G Total Tau assay has been developed using established monoclonal antibodies. The analytical assay performance was characterized according to CLSI guidelines. Quantitative determination of total Tau levels on CSF samples from patients visiting a memory clinic was performed at an external lab and used for a measurement comparison versus INNOTEST® hTau Ag. Using a panel of CSF and control samples, assay variability was determined and the obtained coefficient of variation seen for the different variability components show a high level of precision: a clear result from the use of a standardized and automated assay platform. Low concentrated CSF samples were used to demonstrate the good analytical sensitivity (LoD and LoQ) of the assay. Linearity was shown across the clinical relevant range. A method comparison study with the routinely used INNOTEST hTau Ag assay resulted in a good correlation (r=0.93) and strong agreement (slope = 0.91, intercept = 22 pg/mL). Automation, the mono test cartridge principle, short throughput times, and instrument flexibility are key attributes of the LUMIPULSE G instrument series making it the ideal platform to fulfill today's needs for rapid and accurate quantification of CSF biomarkers in both low and high throughput clinical laboratories. The novel Lumipulse G Total Tau assay shows good sensitivity and precision, and correlates well with the established INNOTEST assay.
Cobalt Coordination and Clustering in α‐Co(OH)2 Revealed by Synchrotron X‐ray Total Scattering (2010)

Abstract Structures of layered metal hydroxides are not well described by traditional crystallography. Total scattering from a synthesis‐controlled subset of these materials, as described here, reveals that different cobalt coordination polyhedra cluster within each layer on short length scales, offering new insights and approaches for understanding the properties of these and related layered materials. Structures related to that of brucite [Mg(OH) 2 ] are ubiquitous in the mineral world and offer a variety of useful functions ranging from catalysis and ion‐exchange to sequestration and energy transduction, including applications in batteries. However, it has been difficult to resolve the atomic structure of these layered compounds because interlayer disorder disrupts the long‐range periodicity necessary for diffraction‐based structure determination. For this reason, traditional unit‐cell‐based descriptions have remained inaccurate. Here we apply, for the first time to such layered hydroxides, synchrotron X‐ray total scattering methods—analyzing both the Bragg and diffuse components—to resolve the intralayer structure of three different α‐cobalt hydroxides, revealing the nature and distribution of metal site coordination. The different compounds with incorporated chloride ions have been prepared with kinetic control of hydrolysis to yield different ratios of octahedrally and tetrahedrally coordinated cobalt ions within the layers, as confirmed by total scattering. Real‐space analyses indicate local clustering of polyhedra within the layers, manifested in the weighted average of different ordered phases with fixed fractions of tetrahedrally coordinated cobalt sites. These results, hidden from an averaged unit‐cell description, reveal new structural characteristics that are essential to understanding the origin of fundamental material properties such as color, anion exchange capacity, and magnetic behavior. Our results also provide further insights into the detailed mechanisms of aqueous hydrolysis chemistry of hydrated metal salts. We emphasize the power of the methods used here for establishing structure–property correlations in functional materials with related layered structures.
Assessment of L5 receiver performance in presence of interference using a realistic receiver simulator (2003)

International audience
Cell Fates as High-Dimensional Attractor States of a Complex Gene Regulatory Network (2005)

Cells in multicellular organisms switch between distinct cell fates, such as proliferation or differentiation into specialized cell types. Genome-wide gene regulatory networks govern this behavior. Theoretical studies of complex networks suggest that they can exhibit ordered (stable) dynamics, raising the possibility that cell fates may represent high-dimensional attractor states. We used gene expression profiling to show that trajectories of neutrophil differentiation converge to a common state from different directions of a 2773-dimensional gene expression state space, providing the first experimental evidence for a high-dimensional stable attractor that represents a distinct cellular phenotype.
Crystal Growth and Luminescence Properties of Tm:BaF2 Single Crystals (2010)

BaF 2 is an intensively studied scintillator for the detection of gamma radiation due to its relatively high stopping power, radiation hardness and extremely fast response. BaF 2 possesses the fast cross-luminescence component at 195 and 220 nm with a lifetime of several hundred picoseconds. However, this component coexists with slow one at 310 nm related to the self-trapped exciton (STE). In our present study, we focused on BaF 2 host material and introduced the Tm 3+ (activator) 5d–4f vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) luminescence center to suppress the STE luminescence. Tm:BaF 2 single crystals were successfully grown by the micro-pulling-down (µ-PD) method with up to 10 mol % of Tm. The STE emission intensity decreased with increasing Tm concentration. Tm 3+ 5d–4f emission was observed while cross-luminescence was decreased at higher Tm concentrations.
Effect of Sulfate Ion on the Performance of Polycarboxylate Comblike Copolymers in Cement Suspensions (2014)

Polycarboxylate comb-like copolymer (PCE) is a kind of polyelectrolyte, which is easily affected by the ions in cement suspensions. In this work, the effects of sulfate ion on the surface charge, adsorption and dispersion in cement system with PCE as dispersant were investigated in detail. The addition of sulfate ion apparently decreased the positive charge on the surface of cement particles. The sulfate ion reduced the adsorption and dispersibility of PCE in cement suspensions, which was due to the competition between sulfate ions and PCE in the adsorption behaviour on the surface of cement particles.
Modeling the properties of PECVD silicon dioxide films using neural networks (1994)

Silicon dioxide films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) are useful as interlayer dielectric for metal-insulator structures such as MOS integrated circuits and multichip modules. The PECVD for SiO<SUB>2</SUB> in a SiH<SUB>4</SUB>/N<SUB>2</SUB>O gas mixture yields films with excellent physical properties. However, due to the complex nature of particle dynamics within the plasma, it is difficult to determine the exact nature of the relationship between film properties and controllable deposition conditions. Previous modeling techniques such as first principles or statistical response surface methods are limited in either efficiency or accuracy. In this study, PECVD modeling using neural networks has been introduced. Neural networks have been shown to exhibit superior performance in both accuracy and prediction capability compared to statistical models.
Immunorthodontics: in vivo gene expression of orthodontic tooth movement (2020)

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a "sterile" inflammatory process. The present study aimed to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms, by studying the force associated-gene expression changes, in a time-dependent manner. Ni-Ti springs were set to move the upper 1<sup>st</sup>-molar in C57BL/6 mice. OTM was measured by μCT. Total-RNA was extracted from tissue blocks at 1,3,7 and 14-days post force application, and from two control groups: naïve and inactivated spring. Gene-expression profiles were generated by next-generation-RNA-sequencing. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, K-means algorithm and Ingenuity pathway analysis were used for data interpretation. Genes of interest were validated with qRT-PCR. A total of 3075 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with the greatest number at day 3. Two distinct clusters patterns were recognized: those in which DEGs peaked in the first days and declined thereafter (tissue degradation, phagocytosis, leukocyte extravasation, innate and adaptive immune system responses), and those in which DEGs were initially down-regulated and increased at day 14 (cell proliferation and migration, cytoskeletal rearrangement, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis). The uncovering of novel innate and adaptive immune processes in OTM led us to propose a new term "Immunorthodontics". This genomic data can serve as a platform for OTM modulation future approaches.
Revisiting Thin-Layer Electrochemistry in a Chip-Type Cell for the Study of Electroorganic Reactions (2021)

It is important but challenging to elucidate the electrochemical reaction mechanisms of organic compounds using electroanalytical methods. Particularly, a rapid and straightforward method may be helpful if it can provide information on reaction intermediates or other key electrochemical parameters. In this work, we exploited the advantages of classic thin-layer electrochemistry to develop a thin-layer electroanalysis microchip (TEAM). TEAM provided better resolved voltammetric peaks than under semi-infinite diffusion condition owing to the small height. Importantly, rapid and accurate determination of the number of electrons transferred, n, was enabled by mechanically confining the microliter-scale volume analyte at the electrode, while securing ionic conduction using polyelectrolyte gels. The performance of the TEAM was validated using voltammetry and coulometry of standard redox couples. Utilizing TEAM, a (spectro)electrochemical analysis of FM 1-43, an organic dye widely used in neuroscience, was successfully performed. It was also applied to study the electrochemical oxidation mechanism of pivanilides and alkyltrifluoroborate salts with different substituents and solvents. This work suggests the TEAM as a promising tool to provide invaluable mechanistic information and promote the rational design of electrosynthetic strategies.