gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A supervised learning approach for the robust detection of heart beat in plethysmographic data (2015)

Wearable devices equipped with photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are gaining an increased interest in the context of biometric signal monitoring within clinical, e-health and fitness settings. When used in everyday life and during exercise, PPG traces are heavily affected by artifacts originating from motion and from a non constant positioning and contact of the PPG sensor with the skin. Many algorithms have been developed for the estimation of heart-rate from photoplethysmography signals. We remark that they were mainly conceived and tested in controlled settings and, in turn, do not provide robust performance, even during moderate exercise. Only a few of them have been designed for signals acquired at rest and during fitness. However, they provide the required resilience to motion artifacts at the cost of using computationally demanding signal processing tools. At variance with other methods from the literature, we propose a supervised learning approach, where a classifier is trained on a set of labelled data to detect the presence of heart beats at each position of a PPG signal, with only little preprocessing and postprocessing. We show that the results obtained on the TROIKA dataset using our approach are comparable with those shown in the original paper, providing a classification error of 14% in the detection of heart beat positions, that reduces to 2.86% on the heart-rate estimates after the postprocessing step.
Haptens as drugs: contact allergens are powerful topical immunomodulators. (2006)

For the past 40 years, dermatologists have safely used contact sensitizers such as dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP), and squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) for the treatment of warts, alopecia areata, and even skin cancers. Most of these studies have utilized these powerful topical immunomodulators in acetone, a volatile solvent that precludes development of contact sensitizers as products. We have overcome these problems and stabilized these topical immunomodulators in a non-volatile, nonirritating GRAS (generally regarded as safe) vehicle. The current review article covers the traditional use of contact sensitizers for a variety of benign and malignant conditions and discusses possible mechanisms in relation to developments in modem molecular immunodermatology.
Development and characterization of a porous poly(methyl methacrylate) scaffold with controllable modulus and permeability (2006)

Functional restoration following extensive bone injury often requires bone grafting. The primary source of graft material is either autograft or allograft. The use of both material sources is well established, however both suffer limitations. In response, grafting alternatives are being investigated. This manuscript presents the development of a highly porous scaffold with controllable elastic modulus and permeability for use in tissue grafting and tissue engineering applications that is manufactured from FDA approved poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Fifteen protocol variations based on the commonly used porogen leaching technique for porous scaffold fabrication were employed to control scaffold pore size, pore interconnectivity, and structural strength. Scaffolds were tested for porosity, permeability, elastic modulus, cell culture compatibility, and fatigue tested in compression. Scaffold permeability ranged from 6.6 x 10(-16) m(2) to 1.4 x 10(-10) m(2), and elastic modulus was adjustable between 14 and 322 MPa; data similar to cancellous bone specimens from a variety of species and anatomic locations. Fatigue evaluations revealed 65% strength maintenance after 80,000 loading cycles, and in vitro culture with marrow-derived stromal cells show no cytotoxic effects based on Live/Dead assay. The scaffolds detailed herein will help broaden the spectrum of available orthopaedic tissue scaffolds for research in this evolving field. , 2007.
Impaired coupling of local and global functional feedbacks underlies abnormal synchronization and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (2013)

Our study implicates that patients with schizophrenia might have the impaired coupling of inter- and intra-regional functional feedbacks and that the CLGF circuit might serve as a critical bridge between abnormal synchronization and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Anti‐IgM treatment influences immunoglobulin heavy and light chain mRNA levels in mitogen‐stimulated B lymphocytes (1985)

The mechanism by which soluble anti-IgM inhibits plaque formation by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells was investigated. Since lower amounts of immunoprecipitable mu heavy and kappa light chains were found in cell lysates, this indicated that soluble anti-IgM was inhibiting not only secretion. Subsequently, Northern blot analysis of poly(A+) RNA showed that the steady state levels of mRNA for immunoglobulin heavy and light chain from B cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide were reduced if the cultures were treated with soluble anti-IgM. The steady-state levels of class I major histocompatibility complex antigen RNA were unaffected by anti-IgM treatment. Addition of supernatants from mouse spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin A at day 2 of culture partially reversed the effect of soluble anti-IgM on immunoglobulin expression.
Optimum Rapid Thermal Activation of Mg-Doped p-Type GaN (2008)

In this paper, we describe the electrical properties of Mg-doped GaN annealed using rapid thermal annealing. Metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE)-grown samples with Mg concentrations ranging from 1.25 ×1019 to 1 ×1020 cm-3 were annealed at various temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere. It was found that the maximum hole concentration achieved after rapid thermal annealing is limited to approximately 8 ×1017 cm-3 at room temperature and its optimum annealing temperature decreases with increasing Mg concentration. The temperature dependence of hole concentration suggested that the formation of donor complex defects is responsible for the suppressed electrical activation of Mg acceptors after annealing at high temperatures higher than the optimum annealing temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors Possessing a Novel Hydrophobic Interaction in the Enzyme Active Site: Design, Synthesis, and Structural Analysis of Carbocyclic Sialic Acid Analogues with Potent Antiinfluenza Activity. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
secondary-ion massspectrometry/apolipoprotein B) (1986)

Methodology fordetermining aminoacid se- quences ofproteins bytandem massspectrometry isdescribed. Theapproach involves enzymatic and/or chemical degradation oftheprotein toa collection ofpeptides whicharethen fractionated byhigh-performance liquid chromatography. Eachfraction, containing asmanyas10-15 peptides, isthen analyzed directly, without further purification, byacombina- tionofliquid secondary-ion/collision-activate d dissociation massspectrometry onamultianalyzer instrument. Interpre- tation ofcollision-activated dissociation massspectra isde- scribed, andresults arepresented fromastudy ofsoluble peptides produced bytreatment ofapolipoprotein B with cyanogen bromide andtrypsin.
Poly(ethylene glycol) as a sensitive regulator of cell survival fate on polymeric biomaterials: the interplay of cell adhesion and pro-oxidant signaling mechanisms (2010)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one of the most widely used compounds across a variety of platforms and is increasingly found in medical applications. Polycarbonates containing varying mol% of PEG (Mw 1000) were used to probe the effects of PEG on cell adhesion, proliferation, spreading, and survival. Two contrasting PEG-mediated cell signaling elements affected these cellular behaviors: (i) integrin α5 receptor mediated cellular focal adhesions to the biomaterial surface and (ii) modulation of cellular redox and apoptosis through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). At lower PEG1k mol% (5% and 8%) cell attachment and spreading decreased concomitantly due to ROS, whereas at the higher PEG1k mol% studied (10% and 20%) an unusual super-adhesive behavior was observed. At higher PEG1k mol% cells exhibited greatly enhanced spreading, which was confirmed through immunolocalization of integrin α5 receptors and enhanced mRNA expression of the integrin α5 gene. These cellular responses on higher PEG1k mol% co-polymers were sufficient to overcome the ROS-driven effects on caspase activation and cell shrinkage, which dominated at lower PEG1k mol%. These studies elucidate PEG-mediated cellular signaling with the implication that the adhesion and apoptotic activity of PEG-rich materials can be sensitively controlled by anti-oxidant addition. Moreover, this study shows that biomaterials can drive the cell fate in opposing directions through concurrent property changes.
A 2.4-GHz, 27-dBm Asymmetric Multilevel Outphasing Power Amplifier in 65-nm CMOS (2012)

We present a 2.4-GHz asymmetric multilevel outphasing (AMO) power amplifier (PA) with class-E branch amplifiers and discrete supply modulators integrated in a 65-nm CMOS process. AMO PAs achieve improved modulation bandwidth and efficiency over envelope tracking (ET) PAs by replacing the continuous supply modulator with a discrete supply modulator implemented with a fast digital switching network. Outphasing modulation is used to provide the required fine output envelope control. The AMO PA delivers 27.7-dBm peak output power with 45% system efficiency at 2.4 GHz. For a 20-MHz WLAN OFDM signal with 7.5-dB PAPR, the AMO PA achieves a drain efficiency of 31.9% and a system efficiency of 27.6% with an EVM of 2.7% rms.
Development and validation of a disease‐specific quality of life questionnaire for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease: the GERD‐QOL questionnaire (2009)

The instrument, GERD-QOL, is valid and reliable.
Remote Didactic Laboratory “G. Savastano,” The Italian Experience for E-Learning at the Technical Universities in the Field of Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Overview on Didactic Experiments (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The Remote Didactic Laboratory <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">Laboratorio Didattico Remoto</emphasis> —LA.DI.RE. “G. Savastano” is the e-learning measurement laboratory supported by the Italian Ministry of Education and University. It involves about 20 Italian universities and provides students of electric and electronic measurement courses with access to remote measurement laboratories delivering different didactic activities related to measurement experiments. In order to demonstrate the versatility for didactic use, the overview of some experiments is given. The didactic experiments summarized in this paper concern measurement characterization of instruments and communication systems, measurement devices for remote laboratories, basic electrical measurements, magnetic measurements, electromagnetic-interference measurements, and signal processing for measurement applications. </para>
Characterization of fuel drop impact on wall films using SPH simulation (2021)

The ability to accurately predict the outcome of the drop/wall interaction is essential to engine spray combustion modeling. In this paper, the process of fuel drop impact on a wet wall was simulated using a numerical method based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The present numerical method was first validated using experimental data on the crown height and crown diameter resulting from water drop impact on a liquid film. Then, the impact process of iso-octane drops on wet walls under engine relevant conditions were studied. The presence of a wall film will affect not only the splash threshold but also the crown evolution and the secondary droplets ejected from the rim of the crown. Numerical results show that the splash threshold increases with the film thickness; the splashed mass ratio increases as the kinetic energy of the incident drop increases. The effect of film thickness on the splashed mass ratio is determined by two competing mechanisms. On the one hand, as the film thickness increases, more incident energy will be absorbed and transferred into the crown, thus producing more secondary droplets. On the other hand, more impinging energy will be dissipated during the spreading as the film thickness increases, thus generating fewer secondary droplets. The properties of the secondary droplets are very different as the film thickness increases. Instead of moving outward, the secondary droplets will move upward and even congregate to the center when the film becomes thicker. The impact angle will affect not only the distributions of the secondary droplets but also the splashed mass. The locations and velocities of the secondary droplets were analyzed. These outcomes were incorporated into formulas that can be further developed into a model for simulating engine spray/wall interactions.
Diderot’s Theatrical Acoustics (2023)

In his roles as playwright and dramatic theorist, Denis Diderot is best known for emphasizing visual techniques such as pantomime and tableaux that move the audience through the eyes alone. This article argues that sound and hearing play an equally central, if less obvious, part in Diderot’s dramaturgy, particularly with respect to matters of audience attention, sympathy with suffering characters, and the bond among spectators in the theater. Thinking about Diderot’s ideal spectator as a listening as well as a gazing body shifts the focus from the individual, subjective experience of a play to the intersubjective, sympathetic, and communal aspects of theatergoing, and therefore clarifies the stakes of the philosopher’s proposals to renovate theatrical culture.
Regulation and Cellular Localization of the Membrane Bound Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Degrading Enzyme in Primary Cultures of Neuronal, Glial and Adenohypophyseal Cells* (1990)

Using monolayer cultures from murine brain and reaggregate cell cultures of rat anterior pituitary we observed that TRH (pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2) added to the culture medium was not taken up by these cells but hydrolyzed at the pyroGlu-His bond by an enzyme obviously located at the cell surface. This enzyme exhibited a high degree of substrate specificity and other characteristics of the membrane-bound TRH-degrading enzyme. Relatively high enzymatic activity was associated with cultured neuronal cells from embryonic rat brain while glial cells were almost devoid of this peptidase activity. Rather low, but significant activity was found on anterior pituitary cell aggregates. In agreement with previous in vivo studies we observed that the TRH-degrading ectoenzyme on adenohypophyseal cells was regulated by estradiol and stringently controlled by T3, but that the activity of the brain enzyme was not. When pituitary cells were separated according to their size and density and established in reaggregate cell culture, a close correlation was always observed between enzyme activity and the distribution of lactotrophic cells regardless of the animal models (eu- and hypothyroid adult male rats) used and the cell fractionation techniques (velocity sedimentation and sequential velocity/buoyant density sedimentation) employed. Such a close correlation was not observed with other cell types, such as the somatotrophic cells, the folliculo-stellate cells, the ACTH-producing AtT20 pituitary cells, or thyrotrophic cells. In conclusion, the high degree of substrate specificity, the tissue-specific regulation, and the very heterogeneous distribution of the TRH-degrading ectoenzyme on brain and pituitary cells strongly support the hypothesis that this enzyme serves very specialized functions in the transmission of TRH signals at specific target sites.
Supplementary Table S2 from Cancer-Specific Production of N-Acetylaspartate via NAT8L Overexpression in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Its Potential as a Circulating Biomarker (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinical information and common oncogenic mutations for cultured cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Time-stamping-based synchronization of power electronics building block systems (2009)

Integrated design has become a very attractive choice for modern power electronic systems. One way to introduce modularity to integrated designs is to utilize intelligent power electronics building blocks as a base for power electronics systems. The main reason for moving toward a building-block-based design is that the traditional centralized control structure does not provide much flexibility and reusability. A building-block-based design needs a distributed control scheme that sets new challenges to system design. Distributed control of building blocks requires a deterministic, real-time communication scheme and accurate synchronization. The synchronization becomes an issue especially with ring-based control topologies. In this paper, a flexible time-stamping-based synchronization scheme for a cascaded ring communication topology is proposed. Further, a communication scheme suitable for building-block-based designs is presented. The achieved synchronization accuracy is analyzed in relation to a parallel connection of power semiconductors.
Combinatorial Assembly of Modular Glucosides via Carboxylesterases Regulates C. elegans Starvation Survival (2021)

The recently discovered <i>mo</i>dular <i>gl</i>ucosides (MOGLs) form a large metabolite library derived from combinatorial assembly of moieties from amino acid, neurotransmitter, and lipid metabolism in the model organism <i>C. elegans</i>. Combining CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, comparative metabolomics, and synthesis, we show that the carboxylesterase homologue Cel-CEST-1.2 is responsible for specific 2-<i>O</i>-acylation of diverse glucose scaffolds with a wide variety of building blocks, resulting in more than 150 different MOGLs. We further show that this biosynthetic role is conserved for the closest homologue of Cel-CEST-1.2 in the related nematode species <i>C. briggsae</i>, Cbr-CEST-2. Expression of <i>Cel-cest-1.2</i> and MOGL biosynthesis are strongly induced by starvation conditions in <i>C. elegans</i>, one of the premier model systems for mechanisms connecting nutrition and physiology. <i>Cel-cest-1.2</i>-deletion results in early death of adult animals under starvation conditions, providing first insights into the biological functions of MOGLs.
Purification and characterization of the Ner repressor of bacteriophage Mu (1989)

The Ner protein of bacteriophage Mu acts as a lambda cro-like negative regulator of the phage's early (transposase) operon. Using the band retardation assay to monitor ner-operator-specific DNA-binding activity, the 8 kDa Ner protein was purified to homogeneity. DNase I footprinting revealed that the purified protein bound and protected a specific DNA operator that contains two 12 bp sites with the consensus sequence 5'-ANPyTAPuCTAAGT-3', separated by a 6 bp spacer region. Moreover, regions corresponding to a turn of the DNA helix flanking these 12 bp repeats are also protected by Ner. Unlike the functionally similar lambda cro protein, gel filtration experiments show that the native molecular mass of Mu Ner to be approx. 8 kDa. These results, plus the pattern of DNase I protection, suggest that the protein may bind as a monomer to each of its specific DNA substrates.
Effect of reduced Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 thickness using three-step H2Se/Ar/H2S reaction of Cu-In-Ga metal precursor (2012)

Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (CIGSS) absorbers with thicknesses from 1.9 to 0.25 µm have been grown using a three-step selenization/Ar-anneal/sulfization reaction ofCu-In-Ga metal precursors. Material characterization revealed changes in orientation, apparent grain size, and formation of voids at the Mo/CIGSS interface with reduced thickness. Even with absorber thickness decreased to 0.25 µm and lateral compositional nonuniformity, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf> and fill factor were nearly sustained, while J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf> decreased due to incomplete absorption. With the 0.25-µm-thick absorber layer, an efficiency of 9.1% (without AR coating) with V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf> = 612 mV, J <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf> = 21.0 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and FF = 71.1% was obtained.
Optimization of an Integrated SOFC-Fuel Processing System for Aircraft Propulsion (2011)

As fuel cells continue to improve in performance and power densities levels rise, potential applications ensue. System-level performance modeling tools are needed to further the investigation of future applications. One such application is small-scale aircraft propulsion. Both piloted and unmanned fuel cell aircrafts have been successfully demonstrated suggesting the near-term viability of revolutionizing small-scale aviation. Nearly all of the flight demonstrations and modeling efforts are conducted with low temperature fuel cells; however, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) should not be overlooked. Attributing to their durability and popularity in stationary applications, which require continuous operation, SOFCs are attractive options for long endurance flights. This study presents the optimization of an integrated solid oxide fuel cell-fuel processing system model for performance evaluation in aircraft propulsion. System parameters corresponding to maximum steady state thermal efficiencies for various flight phase power levels were obtained through implementation of the PSO algorithm (Particle Swarm Optimization). Optimal values for fuel utilization, air stoichiometric ratio, air bypass ratio, and burner ratio, a 4-dimensional optimization problem, were obtained while constraining the SOFC operating temperature to 650–1000 °C. The PSO swarm size was set to 35 particles and the number of iterations performed for each case flight power level was set at 40. Results indicate the maximum thermal efficiency of the integrated fuel cell-fuel processing system remains in the range of 44–46% throughout descend, loitering, and cruise conditions. This paper discusses a system-level model of an integrated fuel cell - fuel processing system, and presents a methodology for system optimization through the particle swarm algorithm.