gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON AND DISCUSSION OF BEHAVIORS DURING THE EXCAVATION OF THE SHIOBARA POWER HOUSE CAVERN BY SOME NUMERICAL METHODS FOR JOINTED ROCK MASS (2000)

本研究では, 不連続性岩盤の力学挙動を表現する解析手法として, 代表的な不連続性岩盤モデルを選定し, 既設の揚水式発電所大規模地下空洞掘削時の岩盤計測挙動を対象として, 各解析手法から得られる壁面変位の時刻歴挙動, 岩盤変位分布について, 実測結果を踏まえ比較検討を行った. この解析結果に基づき, 各解析手法から得られる岩盤挙動について, 各々の構成則との関係を考察し, 岩盤挙動の特徴が現れるメカニズムについて論じた. さらに, これらの結果から各解析結果の共通性や相違点を明らかにし, 大規模空洞掘削時の岩盤挙動表現の特徴・差異について論じた.
Keynote speaker I: Big data transforming industries (2015)

Summary form only given. We live in the Era of Big Data in which data sizes massively larger than previously seen, and increasing access to this data, are transforming people's lives in major ways. Two of the main drivers of this era are the proven capability to extract more value from more data; and the exponential growth of available data enabled in large part to mobile devices and the sensor instrumentation of the world. Consumers, companies and governments have benefited from this new value and are demanding more access and more analysis. In this presentation, I will explore implications of these trends and present IBM's view of the centrality of data in the coming transformation of the IT industry.
Attack Techniques and Threat Identification for Vulnerabilities (2022)

Modern organizations struggle with insurmountable number of vulnerabilities that are discovered and reported by their network and application vulnerability scanners. Therefore, prioritization and focus become critical, to spend their limited time on the highest risk vulnerabilities. In doing this, it is important for these organizations not only to understand the technical descriptions of the vulnerabilities, but also to gain insights into attackers' perspectives. In this work, we use machine learning and natural language processing techniques, as well as several publicly available data sets to provide an explainable mapping of vulnerabilities to attack techniques and threat actors. This work provides new security intelligence, by predicting which attack techniques are most likely to be used to exploit a given vulnerability and which threat actors are most likely to conduct the exploitation. Lack of labeled data and different vocabularies make mapping vulnerabilities to attack techniques at scale a challenging problem that cannot be addressed easily using supervised or unsupervised (similarity search) learning techniques. To solve this problem, we first map the vulnerabilities to a standard set of common weaknesses, and then common weaknesses to the attack techniques. This approach yields a Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) of 0.95, an accuracy comparable with those reported for state-of-the-art systems. Our solution has been deployed to IBM Security X-Force Red Vulnerability Management Services, and in production since 2021. The solution helps security practitioners to assist customers to manage and prioritize their vulnerabilities, providing them with an explainable mapping of vulnerabilities to attack techniques and threat actors
C-erbB-2 gene amplification: a molecular marker in recurrent bladder tumors? (1995)

C-erbB-2 gene amplification and protein overexpression have been implicated as prognostic markers for patients with recurrent progressive bladder tumors. This event has been investigated as a potential diagnostic indicator in archival samples of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Two hundred thirty-six bladder tumors from 89 patients with recurrent disease (mean follow-up, 4 years), 20 tumors from patients with no evidence of bladder tumor recurrence (mean follow-up, 7 years) and 10 normal bladder controls (patients with no history of transitional cell carcinoma) were studied. A differential PCR was used to provide a semiquantitative estimate of C-erbB-2 gene amplification. Protein overexpression was assessed immunohistochemically. Sixteen of 89 patients with recurrent disease had evidence of C-erbB-2 gene amplification. No C-erbB-2 gene amplification was seen in the nonrecurrent tumors or normal bladder controls. Of the 89 patients with recurrent bladder tumors, 43 had evidence of progressive disease, and of these, 14 patients exhibited C-erbB-2 gene amplification, indicating a strong association with gene amplification and progressive disease (P < 0.0005). Gene amplification in these patients was seen only after disease progression had occurred. Protein overexpression was seen in 50% of patients with recurrent and 45% of patients with nonrecurrent disease. No protein overexpression was seen in normal controls. Protein overexpression could not be linked to disease progression. C-erbB-2 gene amplification and protein overexpression were of predictive value in multivariate analysis for overall bladder cancer death; however stage and grade remained the most important independent prognostic variables. C-erbB-2 gene amplification and protein overexpression were of no value as independent markers for the prediction of disease recurrence or progression. It appears from these results that the role of C-erbB-2 as a diagnostic marker may far outweigh its usefulness as a prognostic indicator.
Height distributions of uncapped InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum dashes and their effect on emission wavelengths (2022)

The emission wavelength of self-assembled quantum dashes can be controlled by their height. Uncapped InAs/InGaAsP/InP quantum dashes are found to have two distinct heights, which we have measured with atomic force microscopy and denoted the plateau and the peak heights. These heights range from 0.50 nm to 2.35 nm. Under the same growth conditions, for increasing uncapped quantum dash heights we observe an increase in the photoluminescence peak emission wavelength from approximately 1535 to 1543 nm for the capped layers. A growth temperature of 520&deg;C is determined to achieve uniform height distribution for 1550 nm emission using chemical beam epitaxy.
Large-Area Plasma-Panel Radiation Detectors for Nuclear Medicine Imaging\n to Homeland Security and the Super Large Hadron Collider (2010)

A new radiation sensor derived from plasma panel display technology is\nintroduced. It has the capability to detect ionizing and non-ionizing radiation\nover a wide energy range and the potential for use in many applications. The\nprinciple of operation is described and some early results presented.\n
Monostable array-enhanced stochastic resonance (2001)

We present a simple nonlinear system that exhibits multiple distinct stochastic resonances. By adjusting the noise and coupling of an array of underdamped, monostable oscillators, we modify the array's natural frequencies so that the spectral response of a typical oscillator in an array of N oscillators exhibits N-1 different stochastic resonances. Such families of resonances may elucidate and facilitate a variety of noise-mediated cooperative phenomena, such as noise-enhanced propagation, in a broad class of similar nonlinear systems.
Cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin in cell division and intracellular transport (1999)

Since the initial discovery of cytoplasmic dynein, it has become apparent that this microtubule-based motor is involved in several cellular functions including cell division and intracellular transport. Another multisubunit complex, dynactin, may be required for most, if not all, cytoplasmic dynein-driven activities and may provide clues to dynein's functional diversity. Recent genetic and biochemical findings have illuminated the cellular roles of dynein and dynactin and provided insight into the functional mechanism of this complex motor.
Some new approaches to the evaluation of antifungal activities of amphotericin B. (1987)

Amphotericin B (AMPH [B]) について, 深在性の真菌症の治療に用いられているか, または臨床応用可能な開発の段階にある抗真菌性化学療法剤であるketoconazole, fluconazole, miconazole, itraconazole, nystatin, flucytosineのIn vitroでの活性をMICを中心に比較検討した.その結果, AMPH [B] の優れたIn vitroでの活性を確認すると同時に, AMPH [B] のMIC値の判定に細菌のMICの測定に用いられている感受性試験培地が優れていることを明らかにした.AMPH [B] の経口投与でのマウスのカンジダの感染防御作用を検討した結果, 50mg/kgから500mg/kgの濃度で, 強い効果が観察された.AMPH [B] の経口投与での有効性は, また血中のAMPH [B] の濃度の高速液体クロマトでの測定結果からも, 支持された.しかし, AMPH [B] の血中濃度と, 投与量との間にはっきりしたdose-response的な関係は得られなかった.抗癌性のBRMであるレンチナンとの併用でAMPH [B] はカンジダの感染に対して相乗の防御効果を示したが, その効果はAMPH [B] の投与ルートによっては観察されないこともあることが明らかになった.Sub-MIC濃度のAMPH [B] の影響についても, 微生物増殖全自動解析システムによって検討した.
Dual-Comb Metrology for Semiconductor Optical Frequency Comb Characterization (2013)

Spectrally efficient dual-comb detection is utilized for self-referenced measurements of spectral phase of three distinct semiconductor frequency combs. The higher-order phase is quantified for each, elucidating the dispersive properties of the gain and fiberized cavities.
The Zebra fish cassiopeia Mutant Reveals that SIL Is Required for Mitotic Spindle Organization (2007)

A critical step in cell division is formation of the mitotic spindle, which is a bipolar array of microtubules that mediates chromosome separation. Here, we report that the SCL-interrupting locus (SIL), a vertebrate-specific cytosolic protein, is necessary for proper mitotic spindle organization in zebrafish and human cells. A homozygous lethal zebrafish mutant, cassiopeia (csp), was identified by a genetic screen for mitotic mutant. csp mutant embryos have an increased mitotic index, have highly disorganized mitotic spindles, and often lack one or both centrosomes. These phenotypes are caused by a loss-of-function mutation in zebrafish sil. To determine if the requirement for SIL in mitotic spindle organization is conserved in mammals, we generated an antibody against human SIL, which revealed that SIL localizes to the poles of the mitotic spindle during metaphase. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA knockdown of SIL in human cells recapitulates the zebrafish csp mitotic spindle defects. These data, taken together, identify SIL as a novel, vertebrate-specific regulator of mitotic spindle assembly.
Compact adaptive optics based on a micromachined deformable mirror and a single photodetector (2003)

Summary form only given. Adaptive optics can be used in free-space optical communication links to compensate the distorted wavefront of a laser beam propagated through atmospheric turbulence and maximize the energy incident onto the receiver. For this application it is desirable to minimize the size and cost of the adaptive optics system. In the paper we present the first implementation of a compact adaptive optics system based on a micromachined deformable mirror and the optimization of the power received onto a single pixel photodetector.
Evolving Losses for Unlabeled Video Representation Learning (2019)

We present a new method to learn video representations from unlabeled data. Given large-scale unlabeled video data, the objective is to benefit from such data by learning a generic and transferable representation space that can be directly used for a new task such as zero/few-shot learning. We formulate our unsupervised representation learning as a multi-modal, multi-task learning problem, where the representations are also shared across different modalities via distillation. Further, we also introduce the concept of finding a better loss function to train such multi-task multi-modal representation space using an evolutionary algorithm; our method automatically searches over different combinations of loss functions capturing multiple (self-supervised) tasks and modalities. Our formulation allows for the distillation of audio, optical flow and temporal information into a single, RGB-based convolutional neural network. We also compare the effects of using additional unlabeled video data and evaluate our representation learning on standard public video datasets.
4605 The basic experiment study for characteristics of bubble condensation in subcooled boiling (2006)

A phenomenon of subcooled boiling with a bubble condensation is thermal nonequilibrium, and to bring out complicated behavior in a conventional study. But it was clear that the result does not accord with the conventional experimental data and theory, which be adapted to two-fluid model or three-fluid model in forced-convection subcooled boiling. It is the fact that the characteristic of bubble in forced-convection subcooled boiling is not made enough clear. In this study, the object find out that the condensation of bubble in the low quality region gives the two-phase flow, which is photographed by using high speed camera. As a result, the bubble diameter is changed the flow condition and the influence of heat, and the changing of bubble diameter with condensation and a term of condensing bubble change the flow of down stream.
An Inexpensive DME-Aided Dead Reckoning Navigator (2003)

ABSTRACT: This paper evaluates the design and performance of an aided dead reckoning navigator for general aviation applications. The system evaluated fuses the navigation information derived from an inexpensive dead reckoning system with infrequent range measurements from distance measuring equipment transponders. The dead reckoning system is mechanized using sensors that are becoming part of the standard avionics suite in newer general aviation aircraft. Simulation studies and flight test results are discussed. The results show that the system can achieve a navigation accuracy of 0.25 nmi.
Exploring Defocus Matting: Nonparametric Acceleration, Super-Resolution, and Off-Center Matting (2007)

Defocus matting is a fully automatic and passive method for pulling mattes from video captured with coaxial cameras that have different depths of field and planes of focus. Nonparametric sampling can accelerate the video-matting process from minutes to seconds per frame. In addition a super-resolution technique efficiently bridges the gap between mattes from high-resolution video cameras and those from low-resolution cameras. Off-center matting pulls mattes for an external high-resolution camera that doesn't share the same center of projection as the low-resolution cameras used to capture the defocus matting data.
Phase transition of monolayer Pb/Ge(111): β-√3 × √3 R30°⇆1×1 at ∼180 °C (1994)

We study a reversible phase transition of 1 monolayer (ML) of Pb on a Ge(111) surface using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) over a temperature range from below to above the transition (\ensuremath{\sim}175 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C). Below the transition temperature, a periodic array of Pb trimers centered on ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ sites is resolved. The controversial high-temperature phase is actually a simple Pb-terminated 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 structure. Just above the transition temperature, we observe a strongly fluctuating structure. Between 1/3 and 1 ML of Pb coverage, the transition is found to start in the vicinity of the phase boundary with a 1/3-ML \ensuremath{\surd}3 phase. At 1 ML we also observe the transition beginning at the step edges on the upper terraces. A sharp increase in the transition temperature occurs near 1 ML. The transition temperature is also found to depend on the domain size. The role of surface-strain fields on the phase transformation is discussed.
Deep Neural Networks Based Weight Approximation and Computation Reuse for 2-D Image Classification (2021)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are computationally and memory intensive, which makes their hardware implementation a challenging task especially for resource constrained devices such as IoT nodes. To address this challenge, this paper introduces a new method to improve DNNs performance by fusing approximate computing with data reuse techniques to be used for image recognition applications. DNNs weights are approximated based on the linear and quadratic approximation methods during the training phase, then, all of the weights are replaced with the linear/quadratic coefficients to execute the inference in a way where different weights could be computed using the same coefficients. This leads to a repetition of the weights across the processing element (PE) array, which in turn enables the reuse of the DNN sub-computations (computational reuse) and leverage the same data (data reuse) to reduce DNNs computations, memory accesses, and improve energy efficiency albeit at the cost of increased training time. Complete analysis for both MNIST and CIFAR 10 datasets is presented for image recognition , where LeNet 5 revealed a reduction in the number of parameters by a factor of 1211.3x with a drop of less than 0.9% in accuracy. When compared to the state of the art Row Stationary (RS) method, the proposed architecture saved 54% of the total number of adders and multipliers needed. Overall, the proposed approach is suitable for IoT edge devices as it reduces the memory size requirement as well as the number of needed memory accesses.
Efficacy Trials of a Micronutrient Dietary Supplement in Schoolchildren and Pregnant Women in Tanzania (2003)

Traditionally, the main strategies used to control micronutrient deficiencies have been food diversification, consumption of medicinal supplements, and food fortification. In Tanzania, we conducted efficacy trials using a dietary supplement as a fourth approach. These were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trials conducted separately first in children and later in pregnant women. The dietary supplement was a powder used to prepare an orange-flavored beverage. In the school trial, children consumed 25 g per school day attended. In the pregnancy trial, women consumed the contents of two 25-g sachets per day with meals. This dietary supplement, unlike most medicinal supplements, provided 11 micronutrients, including iron and vitamin A, in physiologic amounts. In both trials we compared changes in subjects consuming either the fortified or the nonfortified supplement. Measures of iron and vitamin A status were similar in the groups at the baseline examination, but significantly different at follow-up, always in favor of the fortified groups. Children receiving the fortified supplement had significantly improved anthropometric measures when compared with controls. At four weeks postpartum, the breast milk of a supplemented group of women had significantly higher mean retinol content than did the milk of mothers consuming the nonfortified supplement. The advantages of using a fortified dietary supplement, compared with other approaches, include its ability to control several micronutrient deficiencies simultaneously; the use of physiologic amounts of nutrients, rather than megadoses that require medical supervision; and the likelihood of better compliance than with the use of pills because subjects liked the beverage used in these trials.
Mining Business Contracts for Service Exceptions (2011)

A contract is a legally binding agreement between real-world business entities whom we treat as providing services to one another. We focus on business rather than technical services. We think of a business contract as specifying the functional and nonfunctional behaviors of and interactions among the services. In current practice, contracts are produced as text documents. Thus the relevant service capabilities, requirements, qualities, and risks are hidden and difficult to access and reason about. We describe a simple but effective unsupervised information extraction approach and tool, Contract Miner, for discovering service exceptions at the phrase level from a large contract repository. Our approach involves preprocessing followed by an application of linguistic patterns and parsing to extract the service exception phrases. Identifying such (noun) phrases can help build service exception vocabularies that support the development of a taxonomy of business terms, and also facilitate modeling and analyzing service engagements. A lightweight online tool that comes with Contract Miner highlights the relevant text in service contracts and thereby assists users in reviewing contracts. Contract Miner produces promising results in terms of precision and recall when evaluated over a corpus of manually annotated contracts.
Effect of nasal CPAP on thoracoabdominal motion in neonates with respiratory insufficiency (1991)

Thoracoabdominal motion (TAM) profiles were determined in ten infants requiring nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and supplemental oxygen, in order to assess the influence of CPAP on chest wall function in infants with respiratory insufficiency. (TAM) was quantitated by respiratory inductive plethysmography, measuring relative motion of the rib cage and abdomen. Baseline pulmonary function (without CPAP support) was assessed from simultaneous measurements of transpulmonary pressure, air flow, and tidal volume. Measurements of (TAM) were acquired at baseline and at nasal CPAP levels of 0, 3, 5, and 8 cm H2O, in randomized order. Without CPAP, relative paradoxical motion occurred, i.e., the rib cage collapsed inward instead of expanding outward early in inspiration. With CPAP, TAM resembled the pattern in preterm infants, without lung disease. We found that nasal CPAP lowers the phase angle in infants with respiratory insufficiency (P less than 0.003), indicating improved synchrony of TAM. In addition, the improvement with nasal CPAP was related to the severity of pulmonary compromise at baseline. We speculate that changes in TAM associated with nasal CPAP arise from an interaction between pulmonary mechanics and an enhanced stability of the chest wall. In this context, the greater synchrony of TAM is suggestive of an improved breathing strategy. This may be a noninvasively obtainable marker of an effective nasal CPAP level in infants with altered pulmonary and chest wall mechanics.
Immunization associated with primary tumor growth leads to rejection of commonly used syngeneic tumors upon tumor rechallenge (2020)

The recent success of multiple immunomodulating drugs in oncology highlights the potential of relieving immunosuppression by directly engaging the immune system in the tumor bed to target cancer cells. Durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors experienced by some patients may be indicative of the formation of a T cell memory response. This has prompted the search for preclinical evidence of therapy-induced long-term immunity as part of the evaluation of novel therapeutics. A common preclinical method used to document long-term immunity is the use of tumor rechallenge experiments in which tumor growth is assessed in mice that have previously rejected tumors in response to therapy. Failure of rechallenge engraftment, typically alongside successful engraftment of the same tumor in naive animals as a control, is often presented as evidence of therapy-induced tumor immunity. Here, we present evidence that formation of tumor immunity often develops independent of therapy. We observed elevated rates of rechallenge rejection following surgical resection of primary tumors for four of five commonly used models and that such postexcision immunity could be adoptively transferred to treatment-naïve mice. We also show that tumor-specific cytolytic T cells are induced on primary tumor challenge independent of therapeutic intervention. Taken together these data call into question the utility of tumor rechallenge studies and the use of naïve animals as controls to demonstrate therapy-induced formation of long-term tumor immunity.
Real-time objects tracking by using smart image sensor and FPGA (2003)

We have been investigating the integration of sensing and compression on an image sensor. The compression sensor reduces the number of pixels in the image signal that have to be readout from the sensor. We present a real-time object tracking system using a compression sensor, which has 128/spl times/128 pixels, and FPGA. By using this system, several moving objects can be extracted and tracked independently at 1200 frames/second. We also describe real-time depth estimation by using binocular compression sensors. We show some results obtained by the system.