gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence Properties of Europium-Doped Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Role of Vacancy and Oxidation States (2009)

Enhancing the optical emission of cerium oxide nanoparticles is essential for potential biomedical applications. In the present work, we report a simple chemical precipitation technique to synthesize europium-doped cerium oxide nanostructures to enhance the emission properties. Structural and optical properties showed an acute dependence on the concentration of oxygen ion vacancy and trivalent cerium, which, in turn, could be modified by dopant concentration and the annealing temperature. Results from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed an increase in tetravalent cerium concentration to 85% on annealing at 900 degrees C. The concentration of oxygen ion vacancy increased from 1.7x10(20) cm(-3) to 4.1x10(20) cm(-3) with the increase in dopant concentration. Maximum emission at room temperature was obtained for 15 mol % Eu-doped ceria, which improved with annealing temperature. The role of oxygen ion vacancies and trivalent cerium in modifying the emission properties is discussed.
Experimental Analysis of Matrix Multiplication Functional Units (2019)

The rapid growth of AI has led to the introduction of several new hardware designs to accelerate the matrix multiplication operation at the heart of AI applications. Examples include NVIDIA's Tensor Core*, Google's TPU*, and Intel's Neural Compute Stick*. However, the IEEE 754 standard gives significant implementation-specific flexibility in the definition of the matrix multiplication operation and the precision and compatibility of these new accelerators is not well documented. This paper describes a method exploiting the rounding modes and other features of the IEEE 754 standard in order to gain deeper insight into the design and functionality of matrix multiplication units. We apply this method to the NVIDIA V100 GPU Tensor Core* units and report our findings on the design properties and micro-architecture.
Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography with a scanning fiber optic probe (2004)

We have developed a scanning fiber-optic probe compatible with high-speed polarization-sensitive OCT imaging. The effect of sample arm fiber motion on the polarization state of light incident on a sample is demonstrated by the evolution of incident Stokes vectors during the course of acquiring a single image. By referencing the polarization state of light backscattered from within a sample to the measured surface state, effects of motion-induced birefringence can be isolated. Conventional and polarization-sensitive images of human tissues are presented.
Temperature-Sensitive Poly(caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate)−Poly(ethylene glycol)−Poly(caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate) as in Situ Gel-Forming Biomaterial (2008)

We are reporting a new thermogelling poly(caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate)−poly(ethylene glycol)−poly(caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PCTC−PEG−PCTC) triblock copolymer. By incorporating the comonomer (trimethylene carbonate) up to 25−40 wt % in the polycaprolactone block, the resulting PCTC−PEG−PCTC triblock copolymer achieved sol stability while keeping the thermogelling property in a physiologically important temperature range of 10−50 °C. The precipitation of the polymer in water at 20 °C was a concern for a poly(caprolactone)−poly(ethylene glycol)−poly(caprolactone) (PCL−PEG−PCL) system for practical applications (Macromolecules 2006, 39, 4873). The PCTC−PEG−PCTC triblock copolymer thermogel did not show the characteristic peaks of the polycaprolactone crystalline domain at 2θ = 21.5° and 23.5° in the X-ray diffraction spectra. The sol-to-gel transition temperature of PCTC−PEG−PCTC aqueous solution could be controlled in a range of 15−30 °C by varying the composition and molecular weight of PCTC. The PCTC−PEG−PCTC was not degraded in a phosphate buffer saline for 50 days, whereas significant changes in molecular weight and composition of the polymer were observed for the polymer implanted in the subcutaneous layer of rats over the same period of time. The in situ formed hydrogel of PCTC−PEG−PCTC was investigated as a three-dimensional cell culture medium. Compared with the traditional culture on a plate (two-dimensional culture), the chondrocytes cultured in the in situ formed PCTC−PEG−PCTC hydrogel (three-dimensional culture) showed a higher expression of collagen type II and aggrecan and suppression of collagen type I (fibroblastic gene), suggesting the excellent differentiation of the cell in the PCTC−PEG−PCTC hydrogel.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray structural studies of a high-affinity CD8αα co-receptor to pMHC (2005)

The class I CD8 positive T-cell response is involved in a number of conditions in which artificial down-regulation and control would be therapeutically beneficial. Such conditions include a number of autoimmune diseases and graft rejection in transplant patients. Although the CD8 T-cell response is dominated by the TCR-pMHC interaction, activation of T cells is in most cases also dependent on a number of associated signalling molecules. Previous work has demonstrated the ability of one such molecule (CD8) to act as an antagonist to T-cell activation if added in soluble form. Therefore, a high-affinity mutant CD8 (haCD8) has been developed with the aim of developing a therapeutic immunosuppressor. In order to fully understand the nature of the haCD8 interaction, this protein was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. Single haCD8 crystals were cryocooled and used for data collection. These crystals belonged to space group P6(4)22 (assumed by similarity to the wild type), with unit-cell parameters a = 101.08, c = 56.54 A. VM calculations indicated one molecule per asymmetric unit. A 2 A data set was collected and the structure is currently being determined using molecular replacement.
Maladaptive cardiac remodeling and mortality under mineralocorticoid induced hypertension following KATP channel knockout (2004)

Chronic hemodynamic load predisposes to cardiac dysfunction, yet the molecular components of myocardial adaptation are not completely understood. Kir6.2 is the pore-forming subunit of cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels implicated in the cardiac stress response. Here, following unilateral nephrectomy, Kir6.2 knockout (KO) & C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice, were challenged with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA/salt) loading for 21 days. DOCA/salt induced similar extent of hypertension & contralateral renal hypertrophy with fibrosis in KO and WT. However, in KO, DOCA/salt challenge produced left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary congestion, reduced exercise performance, & catecholamine-induced cardiac failure with more severe increase in left ventricular mass & more extensive interstitial fibrosis. Indeed, cyclosporine, the inhibitor of Ca2+ mediated calcineurin-dependent hypertrophic reprogramming, reversed the exaggerated cardiac restructuring in the KO. Overall, DOCA/salt-KO mice displayed significant mortality compared to DOCA/salt-WT. Treatment with the Ca2+ channel antagonist verapamil rescued the KO with prevention of cardiac pathology & associated mortality. Thus, suggesting an essential homeostatic role for cardiac KATP channels in the setting of mineralocorticoid induced hypertension. This work has implications for hypertensive diabetic patients treated with KATP channel antagonists sulfonylureas & a potential therapeutic role for KATP channel openers. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P46–P46; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.172
Probing Skyrmions via Coherent 3D Soft X-ray Vector Ptychography and EUV Resonant Magnetic Scattering (2022)

Coherent short wavelength sources enable high resolution probes of magnetic skyrmions. 3D vector ptycho tomography enables high resolution 3D static imaging of nanoscale spin textures, while ultrafast coherent EUV light enables dynamic magnetic scattering measurements.
Bridging Massive Acetabular Defects With the Triflange Cup (2001)

An unresolved issue in total hip arthroplasty is acetabular reconstruction when there is bone loss that results in pelvic discontinuity, that involves radiation-compromised bone stock, or that is significant enough to exceed the limits of jumbo hemispherical cups. Achieving pain relief and initial and long-term implant stability on host bone are the major goals of this type of reconstruction. Seventy-eight hips in 76 patients in whom a large acetabular defect was bridged using a custom-designed, flanged component were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative deficiency was classified as a combined deficiency in 39 hips and as a pelvic discontinuity in the other 39 hips. Six patients died before a minimum 2 years followup. With five patients considered lost to followup, there were 67 hips in 65 patients with an average followup of 53 months (range, 24-107 months). No Triflange Cup has been removed. Harris hip scores improved from a preoperative mean of 33.3 points to a postoperative mean of 82.1 points. Radiographically there are two patients with incompletely healed discontinuities but both are asymptomatic. Re-operation for recurrent dislocation occurred in six patients (7.8%). The Triflange Cup offers an alternative method of repair that reliably provides pain relief, initial implant stability, potential long-term implant stability, and pelvic stability in cases of discontinuity.
Cost-Effective Scheduling of Steel Plants With Flexible EAFs (2016)

Electric arc furnaces (EAFs) in steel plants consume a large amount of electric energy, and the energy cost constitutes a significant proportion of the total costs in producing steel. However, a steel plant can take advantage of time-based electricity prices by optimally arranging energy-consuming activities to avoid peak hours. Besides, the EAFs' power rate can be adjusted by switching transformers' taps, which offers additional flexibility for arranging energy consumption and minimizing the cost of electricity. In this paper, we propose scheduling models based on resource-task network formulations that incorporate the EAFs' flexibilities to reduce the electricity cost. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated in multiple case studies.
Evaluation of spiral acquisition variants for functional imaging of human superior colliculus at 3T field strength (2017)

Dual-echo spiral variants offer improved contrast-to-noise ratio performance for high-resolution imaging for both superior colliculus and cortex. Magn Reson Med 79:1931-1940, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
The Influence of Age and Prostate Volume on the Cancer Detection Rate in Korean Men with PSA Levels of 4.0 to 10.0ng/ml: a Multicenter, Retrospective Study (2006)

Purpose: We retrospectively investigated how patients age and prostate volume influence on the cancer detection rate in Korean men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of 4.0 to 10.0ng/ml.\nMaterials and Methods: 791 Korean men who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies (TRBx) at 12 medical centers were analyzed retrospectively during the previous 10 years. TRBx were performed in cases with PSA levels of 4.0 to 10.0ng/ml. The biopsy-proven cancer patient group was compared to the non-cancer patient group according to age, PSA, prostate volume and PSAD.\nResults: Among the 791 patients who underwent TRBx, prostate cancer was detected in 123 patients (15.5%). The mean age (cancer group vs non-cancer group=69.1 vs 63.8 year-old), prostate volume (38.0 vs 42.5ml, respectively) and PSAD (0.21 vs 0.18ng/ml/ml, respectively) were found in statistically significant between the two groups. The cancer detection rate (20.1%) in the small prostate (less than 40ml) was significantly higher than that (10.3%) of the large prostate. The cancer detection rate was significantly increased with age: from 14.4% for the 50 to 59 year-old patients to 31.6% for the 80 or more year-old patients.\nConclusions: The cancer detection rate in Korean men with a gray zone PSA level is lower than that of Caucasians. However, regarding the detection of prostate cancer in Korean men, the older age group and the patients with less than 40ml of prostate volume among the patients with gray zone PSA levels are considered as the important factors to decide whether biopsy of prostate is needed. (Korean J Urol 2006;47:353-357)
Biodegradable thermoresponsive hydrogels and macromonomers (1995)

Thermosensitive macromonomers which can be photopolymd. were synthesized and characterized. The polymd. hydrogels are dimensionally thermoresponsive and degrade under physiol. conditions. [on SciFinder (R)]
Dispersion of second-order optical nonlinearity in chromophoric self-assembled films by optical parametric amplification: Experiment and theory (1994)

The dispersion of the second-order optical nonlinearity in chromophoric self-assembled stilbazolium films has been characterized in detail as a function of fundamental wavelength from 800 to 1600 nm using an optical parametric amplifier-based measurement system. The second-harmonic generation (SHG) spectrum exhibits a distinctive two-photon resonance at ℏω=1.3 eV (960 nm). The maximum in the second-order susceptibility coincides with a low-energy chromophore-centered charge-transfer one-photon excitation at 480 nm (2.6 eV). The experimental SHG dispersion values compare favorably with theoretical results computed using a semiempirical sum-over-states formalism. These indicate that the χ(2) response is dominated by an excitation along the long axis of the stilbazolium chromophore from the highest occupied to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.
Color perception difference (2015)

It is a common philosophical question as to whether your blue is the same as my blue. The two-tone striped dress shown in Figure 1, which attracted a lot of attention on the Internet, gave us a clear answer: "No." Some people see the dress as blue and black, whereas others insist it's white and gold. So your blue can be my white. Why is it that people looking at the same picture perceive totally different color combinations?
High‐resolution neural network‐driven mapping of multiple diffusion metrics leveraging asymmetries in the balanced steady‐state free precession frequency profile (2021)

We propose to utilize the rich information content about microstructural tissue properties entangled in asymmetric balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) profiles to estimate multiple diffusion metrics simultaneously by neural network (NN) parameter quantification. A 12-point bSSFP phase-cycling scheme with high-resolution whole-brain coverage is employed at 3 and 9.4 T for NN input. Low-resolution target diffusion data are derived based on diffusion-weighted spin-echo echo-planar-imaging (SE-EPI) scans, that is, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AD, and RD), fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as the spherical coordinates (azimuth Φ and inclination ϴ) of the principal diffusion eigenvector. A feedforward NN is trained with incorporated probabilistic uncertainty estimation. The NN predictions yielded highly reliable results in white matter (WM) and gray matter structures for MD. The quantification of FA, AD, and RD was overall in good agreement with the reference but the dependence of these parameters on WM anisotropy was somewhat biased (e.g. in corpus callosum). The inclination ϴ was well predicted for anisotropic WM structures, while the azimuth Φ was overall poorly predicted. The findings were highly consistent across both field strengths. Application of the optimized NN to high-resolution input data provided whole-brain maps with rich structural details. In conclusion, the proposed NN-driven approach showed potential to provide distortion-free high-resolution whole-brain maps of multiple diffusion metrics at high to ultrahigh field strengths in clinically relevant scan times.
The impact of reverberation on speech intelligibility in cochlear implant recipients (2018)

Listening to speech in an environment with reverberation can be challenging for both the normal and impaired auditory system. However, it has been shown for both normal- and impaired-hearing listeners that it is the late reflections that are responsible for degrading intelligibility, whereas early reflections actually aid intelligibility by increasing the effective signal-to-noise ratio. Contrastingly, studies conducted with cochlear implant (CI) recipients have suggested that CI recipients have almost no tolerance for reverberation and that they are negatively impacted by both early and late reflections. The main objective of the current study is to re-evaluate the influence of reverberation on speech intelligibility in CI recipients using more authentic virtual auditory environments. Unlike previous studies in this area, this study was conducted using a loudspeaker-based auralization system rather than non-individualized binaural room simulations. Speech intelligibility was measured in simulations of a range of actual physical rooms with plausible source-receiver distances, both with and without late reflections. The results show that the effect of reverberation is much smaller than previously suggested, especially with short source-receiver distances. Furthermore, the results suggest that, in contrast to previous literature, early reflections may not actually be detrimental to CI recipients.
Ciprofloxacin Dry Powder for Inhalation: Inspiratory Flow in Patients with Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis (2019)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> As non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) progresses, patients suffer irreversible lung damage and deterioration in lung function. This study explored whether inhalational parameters (peak inspiratory flow [PIF, primary endpoint], inspiratory volume and time [secondary endpoints]) represent barriers to complete dosing in patients with poor lung function who are using Ciprofloxacin dry powder for inhalation (DPI) (a drug-device combination of the T-326 inhaler device and a Ciprofloxacin dry powder formulation). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This open-label, multicenter study generated inspiratory flow rate data from patients with NCFB using the breath-actuated T-326 dry powder inhaler. These rates were compared against reference values to identify whether patients with all degrees of lung function impairment could generate sufficient flow rates to facilitate adequate drug delivery. Patients attended screening and a second visit 1 - 14 days later. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, and inspiratory capacity were measured via spirometry at both visits. Forty-two patients were screened for inclusion; 33 met eligibility criteria and were stratified into one of three groups based on their FEV1% predicted value (group 1: 25% ≤ FEV1% predicted <45%; group 2: 45% ≤ FEV1% predicted <70%; group 3: FEV1% predicted ≥70%). <b><i>Results:</i></b> No significant between-group differences occurred in PIF (mean flow rates 68.21, 66.01, and 65.18 L/min in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Individual minimum PIFs of 46.0-49.0 L/min were observed across groups. These results all exceeded the reference value (minimum PIF 45 L/min for Ciprofloxacin DPI) indicating that regardless of the level of airflow obstruction, patients were capable of achieving sufficient PIFs to aerosolize and inhale Ciprofloxacin dry powder with the T-326 inhaler. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our data indicate that T-326 is suitable for use in the drug-device combination Ciprofloxacin DPI to provide targeted pulmonary delivery in patients with NCFB, including those with significantly impaired lung function.
Near-field aperture-probe as a magnetic dipole source and optical magnetic field detector (2014)

Scanning near-field field optical microscopy (SNOM) is a technique, which allows sub-wavelength optical imaging of photonic structures. While the electric field components of light can be routinely obtained, imaging of the magnetic components has only recently become of interest. This is so due to the development of artificial materials, which enhance and exploit the typically weak magnetic light-matter interactions to offer extraordinary optical properties. Consequently, both sources and detectors of the magnetic field of light are now required. In this paper, assisted by finite-difference time-domain simulations, we suggest that the circular aperture at the apex of a metal coated hollow-pyramid SNOM probe can be approximated by a lateral magnetic dipole source. This validates its use as a detector for the lateral magnetic near-field, as illustrated here for a plasmonic nanobar sample. Verification for a dielectric sample is currently in progress. We experimentally demonstrate the equivalence of the reciprocal configurations when the probe is used as a source (illumination mode) and as a detector (collection mode). The simplification of the probe to a simple magnetic dipole facilitates the simulations and the understanding of the near-field images.
Feature extraction from light-scatter patterns of Listeria colonies for identification and classification (2006)

Bacterial contamination by Listeria monocytogenes not only puts the public at risk, but also is costly for the food-processing industry. Traditional biochemical methods for pathogen identification require complicated sample preparation for reliable results. Optical scattering technology has been used for identification of bacterial cells in suspension, but with only limited success. Therefore, to improve the efficacy of the identification process using our novel imaging approach, we analyze bacterial colonies grown on solid surfaces. The work presented here demonstrates an application of computer-vision and pattern-recognition techniques to classify scatter patterns formed by Listeria colonies. Bacterial colonies are analyzed with a laser scatterometer. Features of circular scatter patterns formed by bacterial colonies illuminated by laser light are characterized using Zernike moment invariants. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering are performed on the results of feature extraction. Classification using linear discriminant analysis, partial least squares, and neural networks is capable of separating different strains of Listeria with a low error rate. The demonstrated system is also able to determine automatically the pathogenicity of bacteria on the basis of colony scatter patterns. We conclude that the obtained results are encouraging, and strongly suggest the feasibility of image-based biodetection systems.
A cross-layer reliability metric for wireless mesh networks with selfish participants (2010)

poster Share on A cross-layer reliability metric for wireless mesh networks with selfish participants Authors: Stefano Paris Politecnico di Milano, Italy Politecnico di Milano, ItalyView Profile , Antonio Capone Politecnico di Milano, Italy Politecnico di Milano, ItalyView Profile , Cristina Nita-Rotaru Purdue University, Indiana, USA Purdue University, Indiana, USAView Profile , Fabio Martignon University of Bergamo, Italy University of Bergamo, ItalyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications ReviewVolume 14Issue 3July 2010 pp 1–3https://doi.org/10.1145/1923641.1923643Online:27 December 2010Publication History 1citation113DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads113Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access