gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical evaluation of 2D and 3D parallel unsteady confined dual air jets (2008)

A numerical investigation was performed at two Reynolds numbers to compare the flow and heat transfer characteristics for a pair of parallel impinging slot jets in 2D and 3D. The present study continues the authors' earlier work [1], and identifies the main similarities and differences arising from the expansion to the third dimension. For comparison purposes, a couple of slot jets impinge on two constant heat flux sources. Two Reynolds numbers have been selected, namely 100 and 300, such that the jets are steady at the lower Reynolds number flows for both the 2D and 3D models, and unsteady for the higher Reynolds number flow simulations. As before, both simulations are in the laminar regime. The steady cases at Re =100 show that the 3D slot jets produce similar values as the 2D case, and the flow indicates a symmetrical, steady flow hydrodynamic pattern with the jets being deflected laterally. By further increasing the Reynolds number to 300, a complex and highly unsteady flow develops for both the 2D and 3D simulations. The complex flow patterns reveal the vortex pairing effects observed before for the 2D flows, leading to the jets "buckling and sweeping" behavior. However, the 3D unsteady jets produce results that deviate from the 2D unsteady case due to the 3D effects, which are more pronounced than for the steady flow. The relevant differences between the 3D spatial behavior versus the 2D planar behavior occurring for the unsteady flows are documented by comparing field plots and the Nusselt number on the target wall for the cases under evaluation. Plots of the velocity, vorticity and temperature fields for both 2D and 3D cases are provided together with a discussion of the results.
Urologists’ experiences with treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. (2016)

315 Background: Urologists are at the forefront of treating prostate cancer. Since 2010 four non-chemotherapy drugs have been approved for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We aimed to ascertain Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO) members’ practices, training, and barriers as they relate to the treatment of CRPC. Methods: An IRB approved nine item REDCap survey was emailed to 697 SUO members (440 US urologists) without a financial incentive. Urologists were asked whether they should and/or have treated men with CRPC, what barriers they experience and how these barriers may be overcome. Results: Eighty-four surveys were completed. 86% definitely or somewhat agreed that it was within the purview of urologists to prescribe therapy for CRPC. Abiraterone, enzalutamide, sipuleucel-T, or Radium-223 were prescribed by 51% and out of those, 44% personally prescribed them to &gt; 50% of their CRPC patients; 52% were aware of other urologists who prescribed these drugs. Education on the use of these drugs was most commonly via self-study (19%), national meetings (19%), pharmaceutical representatives (17%), and informal discussions with colleagues (16%). Although some did not see barriers (27%), side-effects management (23%), the time it takes to counsel patients on these therapies (14%), and their practice’s time and energy costs (14%) were the greatest obstacles to using these medications. 34% felt that more educational sessions at national meetings or greater support by professional organizations would help them increase drug administration. 53% see the recent changes in the management of CRPC as increasing the collaboration between urologists and medical oncologists and 30% believe there are increasing opportunities for urologists to strengthen their relationship with their CRPC patients. Conclusions: The majority of SUO respondents agreed that it is within the scope and practice of urologists to prescribe therapy for CRPC. Half have prescribed these therapies themselves and/or were aware of other urologists who had done the same. Some would be encouraged to increase their use of therapies for CRPC via greater support by professional organizations and education at national meetings.
Effects of TAK-639, a novel topical C-type natriuretic peptide analog, on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics in mice (2019)

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, and individuals with ocular hypertension are at risk to develop POAG. Currently, the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma progression is lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP). A novel mechanism for lowering IOP involves activation of the type B natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-B), the naturally occurring agonist of which is C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Being a cyclic peptide of 22 amino acids, CNP does not readily penetrate the cornea and its ocular hypotensive effect requires intraocular injection. TAK-639 is a synthetic, cornea-permeable, 9-amino acid CNP analog has been studied for the treatment of ocular hypertension and POAG. We assessed TAK-639 in a receptor binding profile and the effects of TAK-639 on NPR-B-mediated cyclic GMP production in cultured transformed human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells (GTM-3). We also evaluated the effects of topical ocular administration of TAK-639 on mouse IOP and aqueous humor dynamics. Among 89 non-natriuretic peptide receptors, transporters, and channels evaluated, TAK-639 at 10 μM displaced ligand binding by more than 50% to only two receptors: the type 2 angiotensin receptor (IC<sub>50</sub> = 8.2 μM) and the cholecystokinin A receptor (IC<sub>50</sub> = 25.8 μM). In vitro, TAK-639 selectively activates NPR-B (EC<sub>50</sub> = 61 ± 11 nM; GTM-3 cells) relative to NPR-A (EC<sub>50</sub> = 2179 ± 670 nM; 293T cells). In vivo, TAK-639 lowered mouse IOP by three mechanisms: increase in aqueous humor outflow facility (C), reduction in the aqueous humor formation rate (Fin), and reduction in episcleral venous pressure (Pe). The maximum mean IOP decreases from baseline were -12.1%, -21.0%, and -36.1% for 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.6% doses of TAK-639, respectively. Maximum IOP-lowering effect was seen at 2 h, and the duration of action was >6 h. With TAK-639 0.6%, at 2 h post-dose, aqueous outflow facility (C) increased by 155.8%, Fin decreased by 41.0%, the uveoscleral outflow rate (Fu) decreased by 52.6%, and Pe decreased by 31.5% (all p < 0.05). No ocular adverse effects were observed. TAK-639 is an efficacious IOP-lowering agent, with a unique combination of mechanisms of action on both aqueous formation and aqueous outflow facility. Further study of this mechanism of treatment may optimize pharmacologic outcomes and provide disease management in patients with POAG and ocular hypertension.
FIGURE 4 from A Very Long-acting Exatecan and Its Synergism with DNA Damage Response Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;u&gt;PEG-Exa combinations with TLZ or VX970.&lt;/u&gt; &lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; Median relative tumor volume ± interquartile range versus time for PEG-Exa, TLZ, or a combination. The starting tumor volume for all groups was 156 ± 57 mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Mice (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 6/group) received a single intraperitoneal dose of vehicle (●), a single intraperitoneal dose of PEG-Exa at 2.5 μmol/kg (▲), QD PO TLZ at 0.4 μmol/kg/day (▲), or a combination of both agents at the same doses (■). &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values at 21 days from one-way ANOVA analysis versus vehicle were: 0.002 (PEG-Exa), 0.02 (TLZ) &lt;0.0001 (PEG-Exa + TLZ). &lt;b&gt;B,&lt;/b&gt; Median relative tumor volume ± interquartile range versus time for PEG-Exa, VX970 or a combination. The starting tumor volume for all groups was 130 ± 30 mm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. Mice (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt; = 6/group) received a single intraperitoneal dose of vehicle (●), a single intraperitoneal dose of PEG-Exa at 2.5 μmol/kg (▲), orally VX-970 at 64 μmol/kg for 4 consecutive days per week (▲), or a combination of both agents at the same doses (■). The &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; value at 21 days from one-way ANOVA analysis versus vehicle was 0.006 for the PEG-Exa + VX970 group.&lt;/p&gt;
E-068 Multiphase CTA versus CT perfusion for the triage of acute ischemic stroke: experience of a comprehensive stroke center (2018)

<h3>Introduction/purpose</h3> Both CT perfusion (CTP) and Multiphase CTA (MCTA) have been shown to be effective tools for identifying patients with acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion who may benefit from thrombectomy (1). While CTP provides more quantifiable information, it requires computationally intensive post-processing power which may not be readily available at many institutions, and this may cause delay in image acquisition and interpretation. MCTA can be performed with three image acquisitions separated by only several seconds, it requires minimal post-processing, and the studies are relatively simple to interpret. The primary purpose of this study was to compare rates of thrombectomy and clinical outcomes in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) who were triaged using MCTA versus those triaged with CTP. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Approval from the institutional review board was obtained. The imaging database was queried for all MCTA and CTP examinations at our comprehensive stroke center. The database was queried for patients undergoing CTP from January 2012 through December 2015 at which point our institution transitioned to MCTA, which has continued to present day. Patients undergoing MCTA were reviewed from August 2016 through the end of 2017. All patients who underwent MCTA or CTP to assess thrombectomy candidacy were included. The studies were reviewed individually for the presence of an LVO. Rates of LVO and inclusion for thrombectomy were calculated and reviewed. Comparisons of functional independence between our MCTA cohort and that of the DEFUSE 3 trial was made. <h3>Results</h3> 227 out of 722 patients who underwent MCTA were found to have a LVO (31%), compared to 162 out of 401 patients who underwent CTP (40%). The rate of inclusion for thrombectomy in the MCTA cohort with LVO (61%) was significantly higher than the CTP cohort (36%; p&lt;0.0001). Successful reperfusion rates (TICI 2B or greater) were similar between CTP and MCTA (86% and 87% respectively). 41% of patients in our MCTA group who underwent thrombectomy were functionally independent (mRS 0–2) at 90 days which is comparable to the rate of 45% in DEFUSE 3. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Using multiphase CTA to triage patients with acute ischemic stroke for thrombectomy can lead to a higher thrombectomy rate for patients with LVO compared to CTP with good clinical results. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>G. Bennett:</b> None. <b>S. Arndt:</b> None. <b>J. Lavie:</b> None. <b>T. Truong:</b> None. <b>G. Vidal:</b> 3; C; Penumbra. <b>J. Milburn:</b> 3; C; Penumbra, Stryker.
The new generation of power semiconductor devices (2002)

The next generation of power devices are likely to extend MOS controlled bipolar (MCB) device concepts to cover very high voltage (up to 6 kV) applications. Such devices will be based on utilising the advantages brought about by trench gate MOSFETs to control bipolar current flow. The semiconductor phenomena which can be accessed to optimise power device performance through use of trench gate MOS channels are discussed. Device structures which use PIN diode and thyristor type carrier distributions to reduce power loss within the device are presented. The next generation of power switching devices is proposed as being based on trench gate devices which have hybrid PIN diode and dynamic thyristor structures.
System engineering for a regional scale cabled observatory, process and progress (2003)

An international consortium is currently collaborating to develop a regional-scale submarine cabled observatory with unprecedented capabilities. The goal is to provide a 4D observing capability covering the entire Juan de Fuca tectonic plate for current, next and future generation instruments and experiments over a planned 30 year design life. The scope of this project dictates a systematic engineering approach to ensure the delivered system meets the user's requirements in a cost effective manner. This paper will discuss how the NEPTUNE system engineering team is using and adapting standard system engineering tools, techniques and processes not typically used in the oceanographic research community to the unique circumstances associated with the project. A major challenge of the design effort is developing a system with high enough reliability to balance operational and initial capital construction casts in order to minimize life cycle cost. An overview of our reliability engineering process and some initial results will also be discussed.
An Efficient Method for Combining Multi-User MIMO Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding With User Selection Based on Spatial Orthogonality (2021)

Combining multi-user multiple-input and multiple-output (MU-MIMO) Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) with semiorthogonal user selection (SUS) yields both space diversity and multi-user diversity benefits; however, it entails a significant computational effort. To overcome this limitation while retaining system-level performance, this paper proposes an efficient method for combining MU-MIMO THP with SUS. The proposed method is inspired by the fact that the ordering calculations in both THP and SUS are generally based on spatial orthogonality. Particularly, the ordering result of SUS is fully reused for the ordering in THP, thereby eliminating the ordering calculation in the latter. Through a system-level performance evaluation, the proposed method is compared to a traditional method with the ordering process, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical results obtained via computer simulations show that although the proposed method achieves almost the same system capacity as the traditional MU-MIMO THP method with ordering, the computational complexity of the proposed method decreases substantially with an increase in the number of antennas.
Dynamic Analysis of the Optical Disk Drive System Equipped With an Automatic Ball Balancer With Consideration of Torsional Motion (2003)

This study is dedicated to evaluate the stability of an automatic ball-type balance system (ABS) installed in Optical Disk Drives (ODD). There have been researchers devoted to study the performance of ABS by investigating the dynamics of the system, but few consider the motions in torsional direction of ODD foundation. To solve this problem, a mathematical model including the foundation is established. The method of multiple scales is then utilized to find all possible steady-state solutions and perform related stability analysis. The obtained results are used to predict the level of residual vibrations and then the performance of the ABS can be evaluated. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical results. It is obtained from both analytical and numerical results that the spindle speed of the motor ought to be operated above primary translational and secondary torsional resonances to stabilize the desired steady-state solutions for a substantial reduction in radial vibration.
Magneto-thermal transport indicating enhanced Nernst response in FeCo/IrMn exchange coupled stacks (2022)

We present an analysis of magneto-thermal transport data in IrMn/FeCo bilayers based on the Mott relation and report an enhancement of the Nernst response in the vicinity of the blocking temperature. We measure all four transport coefficients of the longitudinal resistivity, anomalous Hall resistivity, Seebeck effect, and anomalous Nernst effect, and we show a deviation arising around the blocking temperature between the measured Nernst coefficient and the one calculated using the Mott rule. We attribute this discrepancy to spin fluctuations at the antiferromagnet/ferromagnet interface near the blocking temperature. The latter is estimated by magnetometry and magneto-transport measurements.
In situ tribochemical sulfurization of molybdenum oxide nanotubes (2018)

MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles are typically obtained by high temperature sulfurization of organic and inorganic precursors under a S rich atmosphere and have excellent friction reduction properties. We present a novel approach for making the sulfurization unnecessary for MoO<sub>3</sub> nanotubes during the synthesis process for friction and wear reduction applications while simultaneously achieving a superb tribological performance. To this end, we report the first in situ sulfurization of MoO<sub>3</sub> nanotubes during sliding contact in the presence of sulfur-containing lubricant additives. The sulfurization leads to the tribo-chemical formation of a MoS<sub>2</sub>-rich low-friction tribofilm as verified using Raman spectroscopy and can be achieved both during sliding contact and under extreme pressure conditions. Under sliding contact conditions, MoO<sub>3</sub> nanotubes in synergy with sulfurized olefin polysulfide and pre-formed zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate tribofilms achieve an excellent friction performance. Under these conditions, the tribochemical sulfurization of MoO<sub>3</sub> nanotubes leads to a similar coefficient of friction to the one obtained using a model nanolubricant containing MoS<sub>2</sub> nanotubes. Under extreme pressure conditions, the in situ sulfurization of MoO<sub>3</sub> nanotubes using sulfurized olefin polysulfide results in a superb load carrying capacity capable of outperforming MoS<sub>2</sub> nanotubes. The reason is that while MoO<sub>3</sub> nanotubes are able to continuously sulfurize during sliding contact conditions, MoS<sub>2</sub> nanotubes progressively degrade by oxidation thus losing lubricity.
In vivo construction of a hybrid pathway for metabolism of 4-nitrotoluene in Pseudomonas fluorescens (1997)

Pseudomonas fluorescens 410PR grows on 4-nitrobenzoate but does not metabolize 4-nitrotoluene. The TOL pWW0 delta pm plasmid converts 4-nitrotoluene into 4-nitrobenzoate through its upper pathway, but it does not metabolize 4-nitrobenzoate. P. fluorescens 410PR(pWW0 delta pm) transconjugants were isolated and found to be able to grow on 4-nitrotoluene. This phenotype was stable after growth for at least 300 generations without any selective pressure. P. fluorescens 410PR(pWW0 delta pm) converted 4-nitrotoluene into 4-nitrobenzoate via 4-nitrobenzylalcohol and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. 4-Nitrobenzoate was metabolized via 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate and finally yielded NH4+ and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, which was mineralized.
Fused electron deficient semiconducting polymers for air stable electron transport (2018)

Conventional semiconducting polymer synthesis typically involves transition metal-mediated coupling reactions that link aromatic units with single bonds along the backbone. Rotation around these bonds contributes to conformational and energetic disorder and therefore potentially limits charge delocalisation, whereas the use of transition metals presents difficulties for sustainability and application in biological environments. Here we show that a simple aldol condensation reaction can prepare polymers where double bonds lock-in a rigid backbone conformation, thus eliminating free rotation along the conjugated backbone. This polymerisation route requires neither organometallic monomers nor transition metal catalysts and offers a reliable design strategy to facilitate delocalisation of frontier molecular orbitals, elimination of energetic disorder arising from rotational torsion and allowing closer interchain electronic coupling. These characteristics are desirable for high charge carrier mobilities. Our polymers with a high electron affinity display long wavelength NIR absorption with air stable electron transport in solution processed organic thin film transistors.
High and Moderate-Level Vacuum Packaging of Vibratory MEMS (2013)

We report vacuum packaging procedures for low-stress die attachment and versatile hermetic sealing of resonant MEMS. The developed in-house infrastructure allows for both high and moderate-level vacuum packaging addressing the requirements of various applications. Prototypes of 100 μm silicon-on-insulator Quadruple Mass Gyroscopes (QMGs) were packaged using the developed process with and without getters. Characterization of stand-alone packaged devices with no getters resulted in stable quality factors (Q-factors) of 1000 (corresponding to 0.5 Torr vacuum level), while devices sealed with activated getters demonstrated Q-factors of 1.2 million (below 0.1 mTorr level inside the package). Due to the high Q-factors achieved in this work, we project that the QMG used in this work can potentially reach the navigation-grade performance, potentially bridging the gap between the inertial silicon MEMS and the state-of-the-art fused quartz hemispherical resonator gyroscopes.
Planning mobile agent architecture for open network environment (2002)

Abstract This paper describes a planning mobile agent architecture proposed for open network environments such as the Internet. Mobile agents in this architecture have mobile, planning, and meta‐level control functionality, and address the locality, variability, and diversity problems to which open network environments are subject. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(12): 58–66, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10112
Development of a high precision tabletop versatile CNC wire-EDM for making intricate micro parts (2004)

The micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) process has been proved to be appropriate for making 3D micro parts that are difficult and even impossible to manufacture by other processes. In this paper a high precision tabletop CNC wire electrical discharge machine (wire EDM) designed specifically for machining complex shape micro parts or structures is developed. In the machine developed, a novel micro-wire-cutting mechanism is designed, an approach to control wire tension by magnetic force is proposed and a servo feed control strategy, in accordance with the measured gap voltage, is designed and implemented. To verify the functions and capabilities of the machine developed, several thick micro outer and internal spur gears and rack are machined. It shows that the taper angle along the wall or cavity of a part that appears when other micro-EDM processes are applied can be avoided. A very good dimensional accuracy of 1 µm and a surface finish of Rmax equal to 0.64 µm are achieved. The satisfactory cutting of a miniature 3D pagoda with a micro-hooked structure also reveals that the machine developed is versatile, and can be used as a new tool for making intricate micro parts.
Compact thermosyphon using multistacked radiator cores for automobiles: Refrigerant circulation and cooling performance (2000)

A new closed two-phase loop thermosyphon with multi-stacked radiator cores and a new flow controller forming a refrigerant circulation have been developed. When the temperature of the partition wall which separates the liquid return passage from boiling the region of the refrigerant tank becomes extremely high, the refrigerant circulation is inhibited. The inhibition factor of the refrigerant circulation was clarified. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 29(3): 204–217, 2000