gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tropo(thio)ne-embedded homoHPHACs: does the tropylium cation induce global antiaromaticity in expanded hexapyrrolohexaazacoronene? (2022)

Tropo(thio)ne-embedded homoHPHACs and their dications were synthesised by an electrophilic annulation of secoHPHAC and successive oxidation. <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra of the dications represented global 22π homoaromaticity <i>via</i> homoconjugation, while alkylation of a thiocarbonyl-bridged homoHPHAC produced a 24π antiaromatic monocation.
Common Tree Shrews and Primates Share Leukocyte Membrane Antigens (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with human peripheral blood lymphocyte and myeloid cell surface antigens were utilized to study the phylogeny of the common tree shrew. Blood cells from the common tree shrew, but not the bat or short-tailed shrew, react with certain of these antibodies. These data strengthen the argument that the Tupaiidae are primitive primates rather than insectivores. They also indicate that this approach should be useful for further work in taxonomic systemization.
Sexual dimorphism in cortical bone size and strength but not density is determined by independent and time-specific actions of sex steroids and IGF-1: Evidence from pubertal mouse models (2009)

Although it is well established that males acquire more bone mass than females, the underlying mechanism and timing of this sex difference remain controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the relative contribution of sex steroid versus growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH-IGF-1) action to pubertal bone mass acquisition longitudinally in pubertal mice. Radial bone expansion peaked during early puberty (3 to 5 weeks of age) in male and female mice, with significantly more expansion in males than in females (+40%). Concomitantly, in 5 week old male versus female mice, periosteal and endocortical bone formation was higher (+70%) and lower (-47%), respectively, along with higher serum IGF-1 levels during early puberty in male mice. In female mice, ovariectomy increased radial bone expansion during early puberty as well as the endocortical perimeter. In male mice, orchidectomy reduced radial bone expansion only during late puberty (5 to 8 weeks of age), whereas combined androgen and estrogen deficiency modestly decreased radial bone expansion during early puberty, accompanied by lower IGF-1 levels. GHRKO mice with very low IGF-1 levels, on the other hand, showed limited radial bone expansion and no skeletal dimorphism. From these data we conclude that skeletal sexual dimorphism is established during early puberty and depends primarily on GH-IGF-1 action. In males, androgens and estrogens have stimulatory effects on bone size during late and early puberty, respectively. In females, estrogens limit bone size during early puberty. These longitudinal findings in mice provide strong evidence that skeletal dimorphism is determined by independent and time-specific effects of sex steroids and IGF-1.
Roosts and home ranges of spotted bats (Euderma maculatum) in northern Arizona (2011)

Roosting ecology and foraging behavior of spotted bats ( Euderma maculatum (J.A. Allen, 1891)) are poorly known. We captured 47 spotted bats at three locations in northern Arizona and attached radio transmitters to 16 bats to identify roosts and home ranges. We identified 14 roosts for 12 bats. Female roosts faced south; males did not select a roost aspect. Bats used a mean of 1.4 roosts during 10 days. Mean distances from capture site and nearest perennial water source to roosts were 15.1 and 5.8 km, respectively. Maximum and minimum distances from capture to roost site were 36.3 and 2.3 km, respectively. Home ranges (95% use, minimum convex polygon method) for bats averaged 297 km 2 , which was much larger than reported for spotted bats elsewhere in their range and other insectivorous bats. Maximum flight speed was 53 km/h. Most foraging locations were in desert scrub vegetation, but bats also used woodlands and forests, perhaps seeking seasonal prey or cooler sites to reduce water stress. Maternity roosts were remote, difficult to access, and within protected areas in northern Arizona. Foraging areas and ponds used for drinking, however, included private and public lands managed for a variety of uses.
Telomeres and Telomerase in Humans (2009)

Telomerase can compensate for telomere shortening and helps prevent cellular senescence in eukaryotic cells. In humans, only specific germline cells and the vast majority of cancer cells have sufficient activity for indefinite proliferation. Lymphocytes and stem/progenitor cells in self-renewal tissues have weak activity for extension of their lifespan, but they still undergo replicative senescence. In contrast, most somatic cells do not have telomerase activity and display a finite replicative lifespan. Heterozygous mutations in either of principal telomerase components, TERT or TERC, cause telomere dysfunction and unexpectedly early senescence to stem cells of renewal tissues. Thus, restoration of telomere function in regenerative medicine via telomerase expression and inhibition of telomerase as an anticancer strategy is a double-edged sword of telomeres and telomerase in clinical medicine.
Construir el PC virtual: CPU (1997)

Un emulador por software demuestra que el PowerPC puede actuar como si fuera otro ordenador, incluso en las peculiaridades del hardware
Rethinking the Gain of Multicasting and Proactive Caching for VoD Service (2020)

Multicasting and proactive caching at wireless edge, as two promising techniques to accommodate the explosive Video-on-Demand (VoD) traffic in mobile networks, have received significant attention in recent years. Various advantages of the two techniques have been revealed in existing works, which however are mainly based on strong assumptions on the behaviors of users for VoD service. In particular, multicasting usually assumes adequate synchronous requests to the same videos while proactive caching mainly assumes perfect prediction of content popularity. In this article, we resort to a real dataset collected from a campus network to examine the impact of these assumptions, and rethink the gain of multicasting and proactive caching at base stations for VoD service. We first review the principles of the two techniques in reducing traffic load, and then evaluate and compare their performance based on the collected dataset. The results demonstrate the limited opportunity and performance gain of multicasting for synchronous VoD requests, and identify the potential of proactive caching under different qualities of content popularity prediction. Based on the results, some open research directions regarding the two techniques are outlined for future study.
60941 Vaginal pH predicts cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-2 regression in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (2021)

ABSTRACT IMPACT: The potential to use vaginal pH as a low cost, non-invasive diagnostic test at the point of CIN2 diagnosis to predict worsening of cervical disease. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We previously reported that persistence/progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-2 (CIN2) was uncommon in women living with HIV (WLH) from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS, now MWCCS). Here we examined additional factors that may influence CIN2 natural history. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A total of 337 samples from 94 WLH with a confirmed CIN2 diagnosis were obtained from the MWCCS. 42 cervicovaginal HPV types and 34 cervicovaginal cytokines/chemokines were measured at CIN2 diagnosis (94 samples) and 6-12 months prior to CIN2 diagnosis (79 samples). Covariates, including CD4 count and vaginal pH, were abstracted from core MWCCS visits. Logistic regression models were used to explore CIN2 regression (CIN1, normal) vs. persistence/progression (CIN2, CIN3). Log rank tests, Kaplan Meier method, and Cox regression modeling were used to determine CIN2 regression rates. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The most prevalent HPV types were HPV54 (21.6%) and 53 (21.3%). 33 women (35.1%) had a subsequent CIN2/CIN3 diagnosis (median 12.5 years follow-up). Each additional hr-HPV type detected at the pre-CIN2 visit associated with increased odds of CIN2 persistence/progression (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.15, 4.50). Higher vaginal pH (aOR 2.27, 95% CI 1.15, 4.50) and bacterial vaginosis (aOR 5.08, 95% CI 1.30, 19.94) at the CIN2 diagnosis visit associated with higher odds of CIN2 persistence/progression. Vaginal pH &gt;4.5 at CIN2 diagnosis also associated with unadjusted time to CIN2 persistence/progression (log rank p=0.002) and a higher rate of CIN2 persistence/progression (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.37, 95% CI 1.26, 8.99). Cervicovaginal cytokine/chemokine levels were not associated with CIN2 persistence/progression. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: We found relatively low prevalence of HPV16/18 in this cohort. Elevated vaginal pH at the time of CIN2 diagnosis may be a useful indicator of CIN2 persistence/progression and the rate of persistence/progression.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Reducing TNF Receptor 2<sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells via the Combined Action of Azacitidine and the HDAC Inhibitor, Panobinostat for Clinical Benefit in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1614K, TNFR2+ Tregs are potent regulatory T cells.&lt;/p&gt;
AB060. SOH22ABS060. Organoids from colorectal peritoneal metastases—towards personalised medicine (2022)

Background: Approximately 8–13% of patients with colorectal cancer experience peritoneal metastases (PM) in either a synchronous or metachronous fashion. A quarter can be offered cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, with a favourable survival of 30–40 months. The majority are therefore inoperable, rendering systemic chemotherapy as the mainstay of treatment. However, chemotherapy has poor efficacy, with treatment failures common. Patients are treated with generic chemotherapy regimens without any knowledge of each tumours sensitivity to a prescribed drug. Advances in preclinical modelling of disease in the form of organoids have led to real-time functional assessment of a tumour’s sensitivity to a specific drug. Here, we aimed to establish and evaluate the feasibility of a novel organoid-based platform to integrate genomic and functional drug sensitivities to deliver personalised therapy to patients with treatment-refractory PM. Methods: Operative biopsies from PM patients were used to grow organoids. Organoids were validated and sequenced for mutational aberrations, before undergoing throughput drug testing with over 50 FDA approved drugs. Results: Organoids were established and screened against a combination of chemotherapeutics. Drug sensitivity in-vitro appeared to consistently mirror patient responses to the same drug in-vivo, confirming the validity of the platform. Novel therapies were detected in many patients with treatment refractory PM, when no genomic driven biomarkers were evident, underscoring the value of functional testing in providing diverse treatment options. Conclusions: An organoid-based personalised medicine platform is feasible with promising early results.
Relationship of Blood Pressure and Pump Flow in an Implantable Centrifugal Blood Pump during Hypertension (2000)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the real time relationship between pump flow and pump differential pressure (D-P) during experimentally induced hypertension (HT). Two calves (80 and 68 kg) were implanted with the EVA-HEART centrifugal blood pump (SunMedical Technology Research Corp., Nagano, Japan) under general anesthesia. Blood pressure (BP) in diastole was increased to 100 mm Hg by norepinephrine to simulate HT. Pump flow, D-P, ECG, and BP were measured at pump speeds of 1,800, 2,100, and 2,300 rpm. All data were separated into systole and diastole, and pump flow during HT was compared with normotensive (NT) conditions at respective pump speeds. Diastolic BP was increased to 99.3+/-4.1 mm Hg from 66.5+/-4.4 mm Hg (p<0.01). D-P in systole was under 40 mm Hg (range of change was 10 to 40 mm Hg) even during HT. During NT, the average systolic pump flow volume was 60% of the total pump flow. However, during HT, the average systolic pump flow was 100% of total pump flow volume, although the pump flow volume in systole during HT decreased (33.1+/-5.7 vs. 25.9+/-4.0 ml/systole, p<0.01). In diastole, the average flow volume through the pump was 19.6+/-6.9 ml/diastole during NT and -2.2+/-11.1 ml/diastole during HT (p<0.01). The change in pump flow volume due to HT, in diastole, was greater than the change in pump flow in systole at each pump speed (p<0.001). This study suggests that the decrease of mean pump flow during HT is mainly due to the decrease of the diastolic pump flow and, to a much lesser degree, systolic pump flow.
Thin Dielectric Spacer for the Monolithic Integration of Bulk Germanium or Germanium Quantum Wells With Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguides (2011)

We propose an approach to monolithically integrate bulk germanium (Ge) or Ge quantum wells with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides through selective epitaxy and direct butt coupling. To prevent lateral epitaxial growth during the selective epitaxy, a dielectric insulating spacer layer is deposited on the sidewall facet of the SOI waveguide. With an SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> spacer that is 20 nm thick, the additional insertion loss penalty can be as low as 0.13 dB. We also propose and demonstrate a robust, reliable, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible fabrication process to realize sub-30-nm spacers.
Energy-Efficient and Secure Resource Allocation for Multiple-Antenna NOMA With Wireless Power Transfer (2018)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is considered as one of the promising techniques for providing high data rates in the fifth generation mobile communication. By applying successive interference cancellation schemes and superposition coding at the NOMA receiver, multiple users can be multiplexed on the same subchannel. In this paper, we investigate resource allocation algorithm design for an OFDM-based NOMA system empowered by wireless power transfer (WPT). In the considered system, users who need to transmit data can only be powered by the WPT. With the consideration of an existing eavesdropper, the objective is to obtain secure and energy efficient transmission among multiple users by optimizing time, power and subchannel allocation. Moreover, we also take into consideration for the practical case that the statistics of the channel state information of the eavesdropper is not available. In order to address the optimization problem and its high computational complexity, we propose an iterative algorithm with guaranteed convergence to deliver an upper bound and a suboptimal solution in more general cases. For some special cases, we identify the optimality condition that ensures the global optimum in our algorithm. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the competitiveness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithmic solution over conventional OFDMA systems as well as over other existing NOMA resource allocation schemes.
Sun and shade leaves of Olea europaea respond differently to plant size, light availability and genetic variation (2011)

1. Canopy plasticity, the expression of different leaf phenotypes within the crown of an individual tree has complex functional and evolutionary implications that remain to be thoroughly assessed. We hypothesized that it can lead to disparity in how leaves in different positions of the canopy change with allometric growth and population genetic structure. 2. Leaf phenotypes of the inner and outer canopy were estimated using eight morphological and physiological characters. All traits were measured under field conditions in six populations of Olea europaea and again in a common garden for a subset of the genotypes. The same populations were characterized genetically with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) genomic scans. With these data, we investigated the extent to which leaf phenotypes change with plant size, genetic processes and in response to environmental conditions inside and outside the canopy. 3. The size of trees measured in the field was clearly associated with the phenotype of sun but not to that of shade leaves. The phenotype of sun leaves depended on both direct and diffuse light, while that of shade leaves was found to correlate only with diffuse radiation. Additionally, light availability inside the canopy was conditioned by the shape of external leaves, and increasing elongation of sun leaves led to higher radiation in the inner canopy. 4. The field phenotypes of both inner and outer canopy leaves were correlated with genetic variation among populations. Conversely, in the common garden, the different genotypes expressed a homogeneous sun phenotype, while phenotypic differences among populations remained apparent in shade leaves. 5. We conclude that, in agreement with our working hypothesis, canopy plasticity is both cause and consequence of the environment experienced by the plant and might lead to the differential expression of genetic polymorphisms among leaves. Furthermore, we propose that it can contribute to buffer abiotic stress and to the partition of light use within the tree crown.
Tunable fractional-order capacitor using layered ferroelectric polymers (2017)

Pairs of various Polyvinylidene fluoride P(VDF)-based polymers are used for fabricating bilayer fractional order capacitors (FOCs). The polymer layers are constructed using a simple drop casting approach. The resulting FOC has two advantages: It can be easily integrated with printed circuit boards, and its constant phase angle (CPA) can be tuned by changing the thickness ratio of the layers. Indeed, our experiments show that the CPA of the fabricated FOCs can be tuned within the range from -83° to -65° in the frequency band changing from 150 kHz to 10 MHz. Additionally, we provide an empirical formula describing the relationship between the thickness ratio and the CPA, which is highly useful for designing FOCs with the desired CPA.
Amino acid and glucose profiles of bovine oviduct epithelial cell secretions in response to 17[beta]-oestradiol and progesterone (2014)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on reproductive biology and medicine ISSN 2052-1472 (online)
Fermentation of D-Xylose to Ethanol by Bacillus macerans (1987)

Abstract In the absence of oxygen Bacillus macerans is able to ferment xylose. The principal products are ethanol, formate,CO 2 , acetone and H 2 . The yield of ethanol was 61% based on the theoretical value of 0.51 g per g xylose consumed. The cells could grow in the presence of up to 4% (v/v) of added ethanol but the growth rate was already reduced to about 50% by 1% (v/v) of alcohol. Glucose and the pentoses arabinose and xylose were sequentially utilized when initially present as a mixed substrate. Enzymatic studies indicate that xylose was metabolized via the pentosephos-phate and Embden-Meyerhof pathways. At an oxygen concentration of 1-2% air saturation 42 g/l xylose were completely fermented within 160 h and 10 g/l ethanol were produced.
Analytic theory of symmetric two-beam interference in high-NA optical lithography (2005)

It is well known that TM-waves are not as effective as TE-waves in forming interference fringes in oblique incidence. In lithography, this corresponds to contrast loss when imaging with the high-NA exposure tool that employs strong off-axis illumination. One usually explains that there is an angle between electric fields of TM-waves in the resist. However, when the resist is absorptive, the calculation of reduction of contrast for TM-waves becomes rather complicated. In this paper, we show that the analytic formula for symmetric two-beam interference can be derived by straightforward full-vector approach. With the help of the Poynting vector and Poynting's theorem, aerial image in the resist can be calculated. The contrast-reduction factor for TM-waves is thus be found to be [formula] where k<sub>0</sub><sup>+</sup> is the wave vector in the resist and <i>N<sub>0</sub></i> is the complex index of refraction of the resist. When the resist is non-absorptive, the contrast loss factor for TM-waves reduces to the well-known form &#949;, = cos2&#952;<sub>0</sub>, where &#952;<sub>0</sub> is the angle of refraction in the resist. It can also be shown that for TE-waves aerial image in the resist is separable in its transverse and longitudinal coordinate dependence, as is also true for TM-waves under reasonable approximations. That is, the thin-film effect can be regarded as independent of aerial image formation. This conclusion makes possible the development of an efficient methodology for optimizing the thin-film stack used in optical lithography.
Synthesis and Processing of Ultra-High Temperature Metal Carbide and Metal Diboride Nanocomposite Materials (2008)

Abstract : Zirconium diboride and a zirconium diboride/tantalum diboride mixture were synthesized by solution-based processing. Zirconium n-propoxide was refluxed with 2,4-pentanedione to form zirconium diketonate. This compound hydrolyzed in a controllable fashion to form a zirconia precursor. Spherical particles of 200-600 nm for pure ZrB2 and ZrB2-TaB2 mixtures were formed. Commercial powders of ZrB2 containing various concentrations of B4C, SiC, TaB2, and TaSi2 were pressureless-sintered and post-HIPed to their theoretical densities. Oxidation resistances were studied by scanning thermogravimetry over the range 1150-1550 deg C. SiC additions improved oxidation resistance over a broadening range of temperatures with increasing SiC content. Tantalum additions to ZrB2-B4C-SiC in the form of TaB2 and/or TaSi2 increased oxidation resistance over the entire evaluated spectrum of temperatures. TaSi2 proved to be a more effective additive than TaB2. Silicon-containing compositions formed a glassy surface layer, covering an interior oxide layer. This interior layer was less porous in tantalum-containing compositions.
Molecular Requirements for MHC Class II α-Chain Engagement and Allelic Discrimination by the Bacterial Superantigen Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin C (2008)

Superantigens (SAgs) are microbial toxins that bind to both TCR beta-chain variable domains (Vbetas) and MHC class II molecules, resulting in the activation of T cells in a Vbeta-specific manner. It is now well established that different isoforms of MHC II molecules can play a significant role in the immune response to bacterial SAgs. In this work, using directed mutational studies in conjunction with functional analyses, we provide a complete functional map of the low-affinity MHC II alpha-chain binding interface of the SAg streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SpeC) and identify a functional epitope in the beta-barrel domain that is required for the activation of T cells. Using cell lines that exclusively express individual MHC II isoforms, our studies provide a molecular basis for the selectivity of SpeC-MHC II recognition, and provide one mechanism by how SAgs are capable of distinguishing between different MHC II alleles.