gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CNS Pathogens: A Special Issue of ACS Chemical Neuroscience (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTCNS Pathogens: A Special Issue of ACS Chemical NeuroscienceCraig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2020, 11, 16, 2370Publication Date (Web):August 19, 2020Publication History Published online19 August 2020Published inissue 19 August 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00471https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00471editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1252Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (435 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Chemical neuroscience,Immunology,Therapeutics,Viruses Get e-Alerts
Nanoparticle interactions in electrolyte solutions: A classical density functional theory and molecular dynamics study (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Data from Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Combination with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is limited in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety of ICI with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with metastatic PDAC.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients enrolled must have received at least one line of prior systemic chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Cohorts A1 and A2 received durvalumab every 2 weeks plus either 8 Gy in one fraction of SBRT on day 1 or 25 Gy in five fractions on day −3 to +1. Cohorts B1 and B2 received durvalumab plus tremelimumab every 4 weeks and either 8 Gy in one fraction of SBRT on day 1 or 25 Gy in five fractions on day −3 to +1. ICIs were continued until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression. The primary objective was the safety and feasibility of treatment. Objective response was assessed in lesions not subjected to SBRT.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Fifty-nine patients were enrolled and 39 were evaluable for efficacy. No dose-limiting toxicities were seen. The most common adverse event was lymphopenia. Two patients achieved a partial response (one confirmed and the other unconfirmed). The overall response rate was 5.1%. Median PFS and OS was 1.7 months [95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.8–2.0 months] and 3.3 months (95% CI, 1.2–6.6 months) in cohort A1; 2.5 months (95% CI, 0.1–3.7 months) and 9.0 months (95% CI, 0.5–18.4 months) in A2; 0.9 months (95% CI, 0.7–2.1 months) and 2.1 months (95% CI, 1.1–4.3 months) in B1; and 2.3 months (95% CI, 1.9–3.4 months) and 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.9–9.3 months) in B2.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The combination of ICI and SBRT has an acceptable safety profile and demonstrates a modest treatment benefit in patients with metastatic PDAC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An algorithm for tracking a random walk with unknown drift (2002)

We study the problem of tracking a random walk observed with noise when the variance of the walk increment is unknown. We describe a sequence of estimators of the random walk and we design an algorithm to choose the best estimator among all the sequence. We give also a bound for the mean square error of this estimator. Finally some simulations are presented and we compare our algorithm with the Kalman filter when the variance of the walk increment is estimated.
ChemInform Abstract: Keggin‐Type Heteropolyacids as Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Supercapacitors. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF LASER SPARKLE PATTERNS (1963)

Abstract : When laser light strikes a diffuse object, such as paper, the scattered light has been observed to possess a granular spatial structure. The statistical properties of these so-called 'sparkle patterns,' as seen by an observer in the far field of the scattering spot, are investigated. The first order statistics of the observed electric-field strength, the observed light intensity, and the observed light phase are examined. The electric field is reasoned to be a complex normal random variable; the intensity a real, exponentially distributed random variable; and the phase a uniformly distributed random variable. Higher order statistics of these random processes are also discussed. The autocorrelation functions of the complex field and the intensity processes are investigated, and that of the electric field is found to be proportional to the Fourier transform of the light-intensity distribution incident on the scattering surface. Spatial averages of the light intensity are considered and are found to converge to corresponding ensemble averages when either the area of the scattering spot or the average area grows large.
Effects of Differential Privacy and Data Skewness on Membership Inference Vulnerability (2019)

Membership inference attacks seek to infer the membership of individual training instances of a privately trained model. This paper presents a membership privacy analysis and evaluation system, called MPLens, with three unique contributions. First, through MPLens, we demonstrate how membership inference attack methods can be leveraged in adversarial machine learning. Second, through MPLens, we highlight how the vulnerability of pre-trained models under membership inference attack is not uniform across all classes, particularly when the training data itself is skewed. We show that risk from membership inference attacks is routinely increased when models use skewed training data. Finally, we investigate the effectiveness of differential privacy as a mitigation technique against membership inference attacks. We discuss the trade-offs of implementing such a mitigation strategy with respect to the model complexity, the learning task complexity, the dataset complexity and the privacy parameter settings. Our empirical results reveal that (1) minority groups within skewed datasets display increased risk for membership inference and (2) differential privacy presents many challenging trade-offs as a mitigation technique to membership inference risk.
Analysis of synthetic peptides by capillary zone electrophoresis in organic/aqueous buffers (1998)

Whereas synthetic peptides have been routinely analyzed for purity by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) for a number of years, it is only in the last decade that the use of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in aqueous buffers has been taken advantage of as an orthogonal method for the detection of impurities. However, we have found that hydrophobic amino acids and peptides often migrate as very broad, tailing absorbances or even precipitate in the aqueous buffers during CZE analysis. As a result, alternative buffer systems containing organic modifiers were sought. Varying concentrations of acetonitrile, methanol and isopropanol in sodium phosphate and triethylammonium phosphate buffers were used to study their effects on the electrophoretic migration of several synthetic peptides [gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and analogs] and an enantiomeric synthetic amino acid. The organic/aqueous buffers used to obtain the best conditions for separation of porcine gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and chicken II GnRH were then used to optimize a separation of nine native forms of GnRH decapeptides. Interestingly, several of these GnRHs have identical formal charges and yet could be separated. This suggests a mixed mechanism of separation that discriminates not only on the basis of peptide charge and structure but also of adsorptive properties (Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding) of the capillaries.
Erratum to: cyst formation in the PKD2 (1-703) transgenic rat precedes deregulation of proliferation-related pathways (2011)

Figure 1 Renal health evaluation of PKD2 mutant rats at different time points after birth. (A) Total kidney weight (g) of three wild-type (SD) and three mutant rats (PKD2 Mut) for each time-point (0-60 days after birth). Values are means of total kidney weight +/-SEM. (B) Kidney to body weight ratio (%) of three wild-type (SD) and three mutant rats (PKD2 Mut) for each time-point (0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 days after birth).
High-Reliability Lithography Performed by Ultrasonic and Surfactant-Added Developing System (1994)

Formation of high-precision fine resist patterns has been achieved by an effective removal of dissolved resist polymers, that is, the reaction products of the development process. Also, it has been found that the reaction products give rise to the degradation of the resist contrast, resist sensitivity, and process margins. In order to remove the reaction products, two techniques have been employed, namely physical method of development with agitation (ultrasonic waves or with a stirrer) and chemical method of adding surfactant to the developer. By combining physical and chemical methods, the dissolved polymers have been effectively removed, thus allowing the resist to reveal its inherent patterning pertormance.
Dietary composition modulates brain mass and solubilizable Aβ levels in a mouse model of aggressive Alzheimer's amyloid pathology (2009)

Dissociation of Abeta changes from brain mass changes raises the possibility that diet plays a role not only in modulating amyloidosis but also in modulating neuronal vulnerability. However, in the absence of a study of the effects of a high protein/low carbohydrate diet on nontransgenic mice, one cannot be certain how much, if any, of the loss of brain mass exhibited by high protein/low carbohydrate diet-fed TgCRND8 mice was due to an interaction between cerebral amyloidosis and diet. Given the recent evidence that certain factors favor the maintenance of cognitive function in the face of substantial structural neuropathology, we propose that there might also exist factors that sensitize brain neurons to some forms of neurotoxicity, including, perhaps, amyloid neurotoxicity. Identification of these factors could help reconcile the poor clinicopathological correlation between cognitive status and structural neuropathology, including amyloid pathology.
Synthesis, X‐ray characterization and density functional theory studies of N6‐benzyl‐N6‐methyladenine–M(II) complexes (M = Zn, Cd): The prominent role of π–π, C–H···π and anion–π interactions (2019)

We report the synthesis and X‐ray characterization of the N 6 ‐benzyl‐N 6 ‐methyladenine ligand (L) and three metal complexes, namely [Zn(HL)Cl 3 ]·H 2 O ( 1 ), [Cd(HL) 2 Cl 4 ] ( 2 ) and [H 2 L] 2 [Cd 3 (μ‐L) 2 (μ‐Cl) 4 Cl 6 ]·3H 2 O ( 3 ). Complex 1 consists of the 7 H ‐adenine tautomer protonated at N3 and coordinated to a tetrahedral Zn(II) metal centre through N9. The octahedral Cd(II) in complex 2 is N 9 ‐coordinated to two N 6 ‐benzyl‐N 6 ‐methyladeninium ligands (7 H ‐tautomer protonated at N3) that occupy apical positions and four chlorido ligands form the basal plane. Compound 3 corresponds to a trinuclear Cd(II) complex, where the central Cd atom is six‐coordinated to two bridging μ‐L and four bridging μ‐Cl ligands. The other two Cd atoms are six‐coordinated to three terminal chlorido ligands, to two bridging μ‐Cl ligands and to the bridging μ‐L through N3. Essentially, the coordination patterns, degree of protonation and tautomeric forms of the nucleobase dominate the solid‐state architectures of 1 – 3 . Additionally, the hydrogen‐bonding interactions produced by the endocyclic N atoms and NH groups stabilize high‐dimensional‐order supramolecular assemblies. Moreover, energetically strong anion–π and lone pair (lp)–π interactions are important in constructing the final solid‐state architectures in 1 – 3 . We have studied the non‐covalent interactions energetically using density functional theory calculations and rationalized the interactions using molecular electrostatic potential surfaces and Bader's theory of atoms in molecules. We have particularly analysed cooperative lp–π and anion–π interactions in 1 and π + –π + interactions in 3 .
Breaking the Diffraction Barrier in Fluorescence Microscopy by Optical Shelving (2007)

We report the breaking of the diffraction resolution barrier in far-field fluorescence microscopy by transiently shelving the fluorophore in a metastable dark state. Using a relatively modest light intensity of several kW/cm(2) in a focal distribution featuring a local zero, we confine the fluorescence emission to a spot whose diameter is a fraction of the wavelength of light. Nanoscale far-field optical resolution down to 50 nm is demonstrated by imaging microtubules in a mammalian cell and proteins on the plasma membrane of a neuron. The presence of dark states in virtually any fluorescent molecule opens up a new venue for far-field microscopy with resolution that is no longer limited by diffraction.
FEM based modeling and optimization of a 2D micro mirror (2011)

A 2D scanning micro mirror is modelled based on numerical simulations and optimized using the Matlab optimization Toolbox. The simulation model covers structural, fluidic and electrostatic effects. The goals of the optimization are low driving voltages and robustness against process variations. The simulated behaviour of the optimized design is compared to experimental results.
Coding and Inverse Problems (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Coding Taxonomy Pixel Coding Convolutional Coding Implicit Coding Inverse Problems Problems
Preliminary Evaluation of a Light-Based Contact Hearing Device for the Hearing Impaired (2013)

The safety, stability, and performance demonstrated in this initial 4-month study suggest that the CHD may offer a feasible way of providing broad-spectrum amplification appropriate to treat listeners with mild-to-severe hearing impairment.
NOMA-Enabled Multi-Beam Satellite Systems: Joint Optimization to Overcome Offered-Requested Data Mismatches (2020)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has potentials to improve the performance of multi-beam satellite systems. The performance optimization in satellite-NOMA systems could be different from that in terrestrial-NOMA systems, e.g., considering distinctive channel models, performance metrics, power constraints, and limited flexibility in resource management. In this paper, we adopt a metric, offered capacity to requested traffic ratio (OCTR), to measure the requested-offered data rate mismatch in multi-beam satellite systems. In the considered system, NOMA is applied to mitigate intra-beam interference while precoding is implemented to reduce inter-beam interference. We jointly optimize power, decoding orders, and terminal-timeslot assignment to improve the max-min fairness of OCTR. The problem is inherently difficult due to the presence of combinatorial and non-convex aspects. We first fix the terminal-timeslot assignment, and develop an optimal fast-convergence algorithmic framework based on Perron-Frobenius theory (PF) for the remaining joint power-allocation and decoding-order optimization problem. Under this framework, we propose a heuristic algorithm for the original problem, which iteratively updates the terminal-timeslot assignment and improves the overall OCTR performance. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm improves the max-min OCTR by 40.2% over orthogonal multiple access (OMA) in average.
Extended Solution Gate OFET‐Based Biosensor for Label‐Free Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Detection with Polyethylene Glycol‐Containing Bioreceptor Layer (2017)

A novel organic field effect transistor (OFET) -based biosensor is described for label-free glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) detection. We report the first use of an extended solution gate structure where the sensing area and the organic semiconductor are separated, and a reference electrode is not needed. Different molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are mixed into the bio-receptor layer to help extend the Debye screening length. The drain current change was significantly increased with the help of higher molecular weight PEGs, as they are known to reduce the dielectric constant. We also investigated the sensing performance under different gate voltage (V<sub>g</sub>). The sensitivity increased after we decreased V<sub>g</sub> from -5 V to -2 V, because the lower V<sub>g</sub> is much closer to the OFET threshold voltage and the influence of attached negatively charged proteins become more apparent. Finally, the selectivity experiments toward different interferents were performed. The stability and selectivity are promising for clinical applications.
A phase II trial of carboplatin for intraocular retinoblastoma (2007)

When used as a neoadjuvant agent, carboplatin usually leads to objective responses of intraocular retinoblastoma. The 5-year ocular event-free survival appears inferior to other protocols using more extensive chemotherapy, but with greater radiation therapy usage, overall ocular survival rate for RE group 1-3 eyes was excellent.
Diet and lifestyle in type 2 diabetes: the patient's perspective (2002)

Abstract Patient compliance with diet, lifestyle and medication regimens is an essential part of the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Issues and barriers relating to patient compliance were investigated in group discussions with a total of 123 patients with type 2 diabetes in four European countries and the USA. Patients were found to be well motivated to comply with advice on diet and lifestyle, but many felt they had received insufficient information about their disease and prescribed treatments. In addition, patients often felt that the reasons behind the lifestyle and dietary advice had not been adequately explained, and that dietary advice was vague. Consequently, patients' understanding of the reasons for the changes they believed they had to make was often poor, and they found some lifestyle changes difficult to make. Eating at regular times, not missing meals, reducing alcohol intake or favourite foods, and taking tablets at the same time each day without fail were all directives where a degree of non‐compliance was admitted. There was confusion between diet and lifestyle changes aimed at improving metabolic control and risk profile, and those required to offset the risk of hypoglycaemia inherent in some antidiabetic therapies (e.g. long‐acting sulphonylureas), such as eating meals at set times. It is unfortunate that, by imposing additional diet and lifestyle restrictions, such hypoglycaemic therapies compromise patients' lifestyles and divert their energy and commitments from genuinely beneficial behaviour changes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Electrical tuning of emissivity and linewidth of thermal emission spectra (2015)

Here, we report on the postfabrication tuning of thermal emission spectra using photonic crystal resonators interacting with $n$-type quantum wells. Our method is based on the voltage control of intersubband absorption in the quantum wells, which allows the continuous tuning of both the thermal emission intensity and the linewidth. By adjusting an applied bias to match the intersubband absorption rate with the radiative rate of the resonator, we realize the maximization of the emissivity (0.7) of a narrowband thermal emission peak ($Q=157$). Even narrower thermal emission ($Q&gt;200$) is also demonstrated with the same device by increasing the applied bias.
Correlation between atomic rearrangement in defective fullerenes and migration behavior of encaged metal ions (2006)

Migration behavior of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ ions inside ${\mathrm{C}}_{82}$ fullerene cages with irradiation-induced atomic defects is observed using in situ high-resolution electron microscopy. The encapsulated ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ ion can easily leave the fullerene cage through the defect, whereas the ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ ion remains inside the defective cage. Density functional theory calculations prove that this atomic behavior closely correlates with the rearrangement of carbon atoms in defective fullerene cages. The ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ ion disturbs the self-restoration of the defective cage and assists its polymerization, but such effects are not found for the ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ ion.
Submicron Fly Ash Penetration Through Electrostatic Precipitators at Two Coal Power Plants (1996)

ABSTRACT Simultaneous measurements of the size distribution were performed for fine particulate matter (diameter d < 0.5 μm) at the inlet and outlet of the electrostatic precipitators (ESP) of two full-scale pulverized coal power stations (615 MW, 510 MW). For a comparative study of the performance of the ESP the same high resistivity coal was burned at both sites. In addition, measurements were carried out for an easy to handle coal at the newer state-of-the-art power station. Effects on the size distribution caused by nonintermittent pulse energization of the ESP were also investigated. The results revealed a significantly stronger influence of the boiler than of the coal type on the size distribution at the inlet of the ESPs. In all cases the distribution was unimodal and a pronounced peak could be observed around 100 nm particle diameter. The ESP outlet distributions varied much more and showed also a dependence on the coal type. The maximum of the penetration through the ESP was determined in the range from 300 to 400 nm for all configurations. At the newer power station the number of ultrafine particles (< 30 nm) at the ESP outlet exceeded the inlet concentration under certain conditions. This effect was strongly influenced by the ESP energization and seemed to be related to the denitrification unit (DeNOx) installed upstream of the ESP where ammonia is injected as reducing agent. We conclude that ultrafine particles are formed inside the ESP and suggest that the ammonia injection has a decisive influence on their formation.
p-Type CuRhO2 as a Self-Healing Photoelectrode for Water Reduction under Visible Light (2013)

Polycrystalline CuRhO2 is investigated as a photocathode for the splitting of water under visible irradiation. The band edge positions of this material straddle the water oxidation and reduction redox potentials. Thus, photogenerated conduction band electrons are sufficiently energetic to reduce water, while the associated valence band holes are energetically able to oxidize water to O2. Under visible illumination, H2 production is observed with ~0.2 V underpotential in an air-saturated solution. In contrast, H2 production in an Ar-saturated solution was found to be unstable. This instability is associated with the reduction of the semiconductor forming Cu(s). However, in the presence of air or O2, bulk Cu(s) was not detected, implying that CuRhO2 is self-healing when air is present. This property allows for the stable formation of H2 with ca. 80% Faradaic efficiency.