gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of an alternator using Stand Still Frequency Response Test (2009)

This paper proposes an equivalent circuit model of an alternator in d- and q-axes, and a Standstill Frequency-Response (SSFR) Test is employed to estimate model parameters. Unlike a conventional model, damper windings are introduced to represent the solid claw-pole rotor structure. The rotor saliency effect is also taken into account. Starting from a simpler model with one damper winding in d-axis and one damper winding in q-axis, several models are fitted using Levenberg-Marquadt method with weightings. Finally, a model with two damper windings in d-axis and two damper windings in q-axis was found to be the best fit model for the selected alternator.
Learning to Attack: Adversarial Transformation Networks (2018)

With the rapidly increasing popularity of deep neural networks for image recognition tasks, a parallel interest in generating adversarial examples to attack the trained models has arisen. To date, these approaches have involved either directly computing gradients with respect to the image pixels or directly solving an optimization on the image pixels. We generalize this pursuit in a novel direction: can a separate network be trained to efficiently attack another fully trained network? We demonstrate that it is possible, and that the generated attacks yield startling insights into the weaknesses of the target network. We call such a network an Adversarial Transformation Network (ATN). ATNs transform any input into an adversarial attack on the target network, while being minimally perturbing to the original inputs and the target network's outputs. Further, we show that ATNs are capable of not only causing the target network to make an error, but can be constructed to explicitly control the type of misclassification made. We demonstrate ATNs on both simple MNIST-digit classifiers and state-of-the-art ImageNet classifiers deployed by Google, Inc.: Inception ResNet-v2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel D‐2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐2′,3′‐endo‐methylene Nucleosides. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (2021)

MeerKAT’s large number (64) of 13.5 m diameter antennas, spanning 8 km with a densely packed 1 km core, create a powerful instrument for wide-area surveys, with high sensitivity over a wide range of angular scales. The MeerKAT Galaxy Cluster Legacy Survey (MGCLS) is a programme of long-track MeerKAT L -band (900−1670 MHz) observations of 115 galaxy clusters, observed for ∼6−10 h each in full polarisation. The first legacy product data release (DR1), made available with this paper, includes the MeerKAT visibilities, basic image cubes at ∼8″ resolution, and enhanced spectral and polarisation image cubes at ∼8″ and 15″ resolutions. Typical sensitivities for the full-resolution MGCLS image products range from ∼3−5 μJy beam −1 . The basic cubes are full-field and span 2° × 2°. The enhanced products consist of the inner 1.2° × 1.2° field of view, corrected for the primary beam. The survey is fully sensitive to structures up to ∼10′ scales, and the wide bandwidth allows spectral and Faraday rotation mapping. Relatively narrow frequency channels (209 kHz) are also used to provide H I mapping in windows of 0 &lt; z &lt; 0.09 and 0.19 &lt; z &lt; 0.48. In this paper, we provide an overview of the survey and the DR1 products, including caveats for usage. We present some initial results from the survey, both for their intrinsic scientific value and to highlight the capabilities for further exploration with these data. These include a primary-beam-corrected compact source catalogue of ∼626 000 sources for the full survey and an optical and infrared cross-matched catalogue for compact sources in the primary-beam-corrected areas of Abell 209 and Abell S295. We examine dust unbiased star-formation rates as a function of cluster-centric radius in Abell 209, extending out to 3.5 R 200 . We find no dependence of the star-formation rate on distance from the cluster centre, and we observe a small excess of the radio-to-100 μm flux ratio towards the centre of Abell 209 that may reflect a ram pressure enhancement in the denser environment. We detect diffuse cluster radio emission in 62 of the surveyed systems and present a catalogue of the 99 diffuse cluster emission structures, of which 56 are new. These include mini-halos, halos, relics, and other diffuse structures for which no suitable characterisation currently exists. We highlight some of the radio galaxies that challenge current paradigms, such as trident-shaped structures, jets that remain well collimated far beyond their bending radius, and filamentary features linked to radio galaxies that likely illuminate magnetic flux tubes in the intracluster medium. We also present early results from the H I analysis of four clusters, which show a wide variety of H I mass distributions that reflect both sensitivity and intrinsic cluster effects, and the serendipitous discovery of a group in the foreground of Abell 3365.
TERAPIA FOTODINÂMICA EM MODELO EXPERIMENTAL DE ARTRITE INDUZIDA POR PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRASILIENSIS TERAPIA FOTODINÂMICA EM ARTRITE EXPERIMENTAL (2018)

artrite de forma mais efetiva, o que pode ter um potencial impacto no auxlio ao tratamento de P. brasiliensis.
Technical Letters (2008)

Technical letters are used for communicating scientific or engineering results that are limited in scope. The letters may describe a single experiment or investigation of which the results need to be rapidly communicated. Technical letters are a common form of communication for engineers or scientists in industry. Technical letters can also be used for undergraduate laboratory report writing in which a less formal presentation is appropriate. This chapter describes the organization and basic format of a technical letter. Two examples of letter reports are given at the end of the chapter.
Supplementary Figure 5 from An Oncogenic Role for <i>ETV1</i> in Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from An Oncogenic Role for &lt;i&gt;ETV1&lt;/i&gt; in Melanoma
Immobilization of Aprotinin to Fibrinogen as a Novel Method for Controlling Degradation of Fibrin Gels (2007)

The goal of this work was to demonstrate that aprotinin conjugated to fibrinogen could (1) maintain its function and (2) control fibrin degradation. Using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, we found that blood vessels did not directly invade fibrin constructs containing immobilized fibroblast growth factor-2. Because the fibrin quickly degraded within approximately 5 days, we hypothesized that controlling fibrinolysis may improve direct blood vessel invasion. Aprotinin, a protease inhibitor typically added to slow fibrinolysis, is a small protein and can diffuse out of the gel resulting in the loss of fibrinolysis protection. Therefore, using a novel synthesis strategy, aprotinin and a fluorescent reporter, Cy3, were chemically conjugated to fibrinogen. In vitro microplate absorbance assays showed that the conjugated aprotinin was able to inhibit plasmin-mediated fibrin degradation and that its activity was comparable to equimolar levels of soluble, nonconjugated aprotinin. Additionally, we found that fibrinolysis rates could be tuned by varying the level of conjugated aprotinin within the gel. The conjugated aprotinin also demonstrated functionality in vivo. In the chick CAM assay, fibrin gels containing conjugated aprotinin were approximately 5 times larger than gels containing soluble aprotinin after 4 days. Also, in support of our hypothesis, we found that immobilized aprotinin within fibrin gels demonstrated substantial blood vessel invasion.
Rubber, 7. Synthesis by Polyaddition, Polycondensation, and Other Mechanisms (2011)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Silicone Rubber 1.1. Properties, Grades, and Applications 1.2. Production Process and Basic Chemistry 1.3. Producers and Markets 2. Polyurethane Rubber 3. Thiokol Rubber 3.1. Properties, Grades, and Applications 3.1.1. History 3.1.2. Grades 3.1.3. Mechanical Properties, Cross‐Linking, and Applications 3.2. Basic Chemistry and Production Processes 3.3. Producers and Production Capacities
On the Hydraulics of Inverted Flow Path Gravel Pack Operations (2012)

Abstract The hydraulics of inverted flow path gravel pack operations is studied utilizing a transient flow simulator. Inverted flow path or more simply, inverted gravel packs can be employed in horizontal or fishhook wells wherein the well/screen annulus is partially packed first in the toe-to-heel direction (alpha wave) followed by packing in the heel-to-toe direction (beta wave) to complete the pack. Until the present time, conventional gravel packs in which the well/screen annulus is partially packed in the heel-to-toe direction (alpha wave) prior to completing the pack in the toe-to-heel direction (beta wave) have primarily been utilized for sand control in horizontal or deviated wells. In addition, alternate flow path technology (e.g. shunt tubes) has also been utilized along with conventional gravel packs. However, in the case of fishhook wells, conventional gravel packs may need to surmount an uphill slope during the alpha wave and can cause operational difficulties such as premature bridging and fracturing the formation at the heel during the beta wave. These operational difficulties may be overcome by employing inverted gravel packs wherein slurry is delivered into the well/screen annulus at the toe and the alpha wave is performed along the downhill slope thereby reducing the risk of formation fracturing at the heel and premature bridging in the annulus. In this paper, hydraulics of inverted flow path gravel packs is investigated utilizing a transient flow simulator. A field example is considered and a comparative study is performed on the hydraulics of inverted and conventional gravel pack operations. Results from the field example simulations are discussed from both steady-state and transient view points. Steady-state results include pressure profiles with measured depth for select slurry front locations in the well/screen annulus. Transient results are presented as variations of pump, gravel pack packer (heel), bottomhole (toe), and maximum well/screen annulus pressure with elapsed time. These simulations in conjunction with a mathematical analysis provide some insight into the inverted gravel pack hydraulics and associated pressures in comparison with conventional gravel packs. Results show that inverted gravel packs significantly reduce the maximum pressures experienced in the well/screen annulus compared to conventional gravel packing.
In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) on the Moon: Moessbauer Spectroscopy as a Process Monitor for Oxygen Production (2009)

Essential consumables like oxygen must to be produced from materials on the lunar surface to enable a sustained, long-term presence of humans on the Moon. The Outpost Precursor for ISRU and Modular Architecture (OPTIMA) field test on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, facilitated by the Pacific International Space Center for Exploration Systems (PISCES) of the University of Hawaii at Hilo, was designed to test the implementation of three hardware concepts to extract oxygen from the lunar regolith: Precursor ISRU Lunar Oxygen Testbed (PILOT) developed by Lockheed Martin in Littleton, CO; Regolith & Environmental Science and Oxygen & Lunar Volatiles Extraction (RESOLVE) developed at the NASA Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, FL; and ROxygen developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, TX. The three concepts differ in design, but all rely on the same general principle: hydrogen reduction of metal cations (primarily Fe2+) bonded to oxygen to metal (e.g., Fe0) with the production of water. The hydrogen source is residual hydrogen in the fuel tanks of lunar landers. Electrolysis of the water produces oxygen and hydrogen (which is recycled). We used the miniaturized M ssbauer spectrometer MIMOS II to quantify the yield of this process on the basis of the quantity of Fe0 produced. Iron M ssbauer spectroscopy identifies iron-bearing phases, determines iron oxidation states, and quantifies the distribution of iron between mineral phases and oxidation states. The oxygen yield can be calculated by quantitative measurements of the distribution of Fe among oxidation states in the regolith before and after hydrogen reduction. A M ssbauer spectrometer can also be used as a prospecting tool to select the optimum feedstock for the oxygen production plants (e.g., high total Fe content and easily reduced phases). As a demonstration, a MIMOS II backscatter spectrometer (SPESI, Germany) was mounted on the Cratos rover (NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, OH), which is one of several rover concepts designed to excavate and transfer regolith to the stationary hydrogen reduction plants. Spaceflight versions of the MIMOS II are part of the instrument payloads of NASA s Mars Exploration Rovers and still operating five years after landing on the surface of the planet. MIMOS II was also selected for Phobos-Grunt, a Russian sample return mission to the martian moon Phobos scheduled to launch in 2009, and ESA s ExoMars rover, an exobiology mission scheduled to launch in 2013. An advanced version of the instrument is currently under development. A new detector system with a higher energy resolution will not only reduce the necessary measurement time considerably, but also allow the simultaneous acquisition of an X-ray fluorescence spectrum to determine the elemental composition of samples.
Merged Two-Stage Power Converter With Soft Charging Switched-Capacitor Stage in 180 nm CMOS (2011)

In this paper, we introduce a merged two-stage dc-dc power converter for low-voltage power delivery. By separating the transformation and regulation function of a dc-dc power converter into two stages, both large voltage transformation and high control bandwidth can be achieved. We show how the switched-capacitor stage can operate under soft charging conditions by suitable control and integration (merging) of the two stages. This mode of operation enables improved efficiency and/or power density in the switched-capacitor stage. A 5-to-1 V, 0.8 W integrated dc-dc converter has been developed in 180 nm CMOS. The converter achieves a peak efficiency of 81%, with a regulation stage switching frequency of 10 MHz.
Supplementary material to "Coal fly ash: Linking immersion freezing behavior and physico-chemical particle properties" (2018)

Several thousand single particle mass spectra were analyzed for each CFA sample. The chemical compounds contained in the quasi-monodisperse samples were investigated by calculating the signal average for every mass-to-charge ratio and by considering the relative abundance of mass-to-charge signals within the sample. Note that different ions can occur on one mass-to-charge ratio. The averaged mass spectra (see Fig. For determination of the relative abundance, only particle related signals should be considered. Therefore, signal thresholds were derived by averaging ~1900 background spectra (without particles) to exclude signals which originate from, e.g., molecules evaporating from surfaces, vacuum grease, or remaining air molecules. Threshold values for anions (21.6 mV 5.1 mV) and cations (8.2 mV 0.8 mV) were derived by averaging the means of the mass-to-charge ratios plus five times their standard deviation over all background spectra. In case the signal intensity at a certain mass-to-charge ratio was above (below) the threshold, the particle was classified as (not) containing this species. The averaged mass spectra include all signals regardless of whether the signals of the mass-to-charge ratios were above or below the mentioned thresholds.
Ultra-High Vacuum Processing and Characterization of Chemically Functionalized Graphene (2010)

The chemical functionalization of graphene in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) with monolayers of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) has been characterized with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The molecules self-assemble into stable, well-ordered monolayers that are arranged in a herringbone phase with extended domains spanning hundreds of nanometers. At submonolayer coverage, PTCDA forms stable, isolated molecular islands. The molecular ordering is unperturbed by either defects in the epitaxial graphene or atomic steps in the underlying SiC surface. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) performed on the PTCDA monolayers reveals strong features in the electronic density of states that are distinct from the pristine graphene regions. The demonstration of robust, uniform organic functionalization of epitaxial graphene is an important step toward realizing graphene-based molecular electronic and sensing devices.
A Convenient Preparation of Heteroaryl Sulfonamides and Sulfonyl Fluorides from Heteroaryl Thiols. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural determination of synthetic monoacetyldiglycerides by tandem mass spectrometry of sodium‐adducted molecules (1999)

A variety of synthetic monoacetyldiglycerides (MADGs), which show hematopoietic stem cell stimulating activity, were investigated using high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) coupled with fast-atom bombardment (FAB). CID of sodium-adducted molecules, [M + Na]+, generated product ions highly informative on their structure. In particular, two type of ions (named E2,3 and J) and the relative intensity ratio (G2/G1) of two product ions (named G1 and G2) by the loss of free fatty acids (-Rn′ COOH) provided definitive information about the position of two long-chain acyl groups on the glycerol backbone. In addition, charge-remote fragmentation (CRF) along the long hydrocarbon chains of two fatty acyl groups determined the position of each double bond. Thus, this direct and rapid method can be applied to the structural determination of individual molecular species in a mixture of MADGs isolated from biological origins. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Interferon Alpha (IFN‐α) and Interferon Gamma (IFN‐γ) in the Control of the Infection of Monocyte‐Like Cells with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (1999)

The role of cytokines in the control of HCMV infection has been studied in THP-1 cells, a macrophage-like cell model and in MRC-5 cells. HCMV replication was studied by immune detection of viral immediate-early antigens (IEA) and virus yield was evaluated in MRC-5 cells by immunoperoxidase staining. Pretreatment of MRC-5 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated THP-1 cells with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma for 24 hr prior to the infection reduced the number of infected cells and virus yield. A synergistic anti-CMV activity in synthesis of early proteins was obtained with these cytokines in combination with TNF-alpha in differentiated THP-1 cells only. Treatment of HCMV-infected differentiated THP-1 cells or MRC-5 cells with IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma alone had no inhibitory effect on virus replication, however the virus yield was reduced with ganciclovir. A synergistic anti-CMV activity in virus yield was obtained only when infected differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with ganciclovir in combination with IFN-gamma. The current study shows that IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma can play a role in the reduction of HCMV replication in macrophage-like cells and in the efficiency of therapies with ganciclovir in this cell type and that the anti-CMV effect of cytokines may be different in fibroblasts and in macrophage-like cells.
Back Cover Picture: Strong Organic Bases as Building Blocks of Mesoporous Hybrid Catalysts for C–C Forming Bond Reactions (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 32/2012) (2012)

The back cover picture shows 1,8-bis(tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene (TMGN) as a neutral organic base that combines the properties of guanidine and the properties of proton sponges. TMGN was used as building block to obtain organic–inorganic silica-based mesoporous hybrids with strong basic properties. By means of a NH4F-catalyzed sol–gel process, the use of surfactants was avoided. The organic base was preserved inside the mesoporous silica network, providing strong basic properties to the hybrid materials. The hybrid materials have shown high conversions and recyclability in Knoevenagel condensations of different methylene compounds and in Henry and Claisen–Schmidt reactions. Details are discussed in the article by A. Corma et al. on p. 5175 ff.
Acid‐Mediated Cyclization of 3‐Benzoyl‐2‐cyanobutyronitrile to 2‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐5‐phenylfuran‐3‐carbonitrile. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selective volume illumination microscopy offers synchronous volumetric imaging with high contrast (2018)

Abstract Light field microscopy provides an efficient means to collect 3D images in a single acquisition, as its plenoptic detection captures an extended image volume in one snapshot. The ability of light field microscopy to simultaneously capture image data from a volume of interest, such as a functioning brain or a beating heart, is compromised by inadequate contrast and effective resolution, due, in large part, to light scattering by the tissue. Surprisingly, a major contribution to the image degradation is the signal scattered into the volume of interest by the typical wide-field illumination that excites the sample region outside the volume of interest. Here, we minimize this degradation by employing selective volume illumination, using a modified light sheet approach to illuminate preferentially the volume of interest. This minimizes the unavoidable background generated when extraneous regions of the sample are illuminated, dramatically enhancing the contrast and effective resolution of the captured and reconstructed images. Light Field Selective Volume Illumination Microscopy (LF-SVIM, SVIM for short) dramatically improves the performance of light field microscopy, and offers an unprecedented combination of synchronous z-depth coverage, lateral and axial resolution, and imaging speed.
GENETIC CONTROL OF GLYCOLYSIS IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES (1980)

We have studied heritability of the concentration of each glycolytic intermediate and adenine nucleotide in the cytosol of human erythrocytes obtained from a random sample of apparently healthy young individuals. Preliminary to analysis of heritability, each trait was statistically described and the effects attributable to variation in measured concomitants were removed by regression. Heritability was estimated using the family-set method. This method removes covariances between the index case, sibling and first cousin, due to those environmental determinants of the phenotypic values that are shared with a matched, unrelated control member of the family set. It also removes covariances due to environments that are shared by siblings and first cousins. Heritability was estimated by employing the fact that the variance of differences between first cousins minus the variance of differences between full siblings estimates three-fourths of the additive genetic variance. The heritability estimates for G6Pdagger, F6P, ATP and some other metabolite concentrations are high and significantly greater than zero. The heritabilities of G6P and F6P are likely attributable to genetic variation in the in vivo activity of HK and/or PFK, because the concentrations of these metabolites are tightly controlled by the two regulatory enzymes. Statistically significant heritability estimates for HK and PFK mass action ratios strongly suggest genes are responsible for a portion of the quantitative variation in these enzyme activities. Since HK and PFK regulate glycolysis and the production of ATP, genetic variation in their activities might be causally related to the heritability of ATP concentration.