gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2013 European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Tumors (2013)

Hyperthyroidism is mainly due to autoimmune thyroid disorders or toxic goiter, and very rarely to the presence of thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenomas (TSHomas). These tumors are characterized by high levels of circulating free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3) in the presence of nonsuppressed serum TSH concentrations. Failure to correctly diagnose TSHomas may result in inappropriate thyroid ablation, which results in a significant increase of pituitary tumor mass. The diagnosis is mainly achieved by measuring TSH after T3 suppression and TRH stimulation tests. These dynamic tests, together with pituitary imaging and genetic testing are useful in distinguishing TSHomas from the syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone action. The treatment of choice is surgery. In cases of surgical failure, somatostatin analogs have been found to be effective in normalizing TSH secretion in more than 90% of patients.
RoleofIL-18inSecond-HandSmoke-InducedEmphysema (2013)

this study, we show that chronic exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to SHSresultsinasignificantincreaseofproinflammatorycytokineIL-18 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)and a significantdecreaseofvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the lung tissue. SHS exposure resulted in progressive alveolar airspace enlargement, cell death, pulmonary vessel loss, vessel muscularization, collagen deposition, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Alveolar macrophages displayed a foamy phenotype and a decreased expression of the natural inhibitor of IL-18, namely, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Moreover, IL-18 down-regulated the expression of VEGF receptor‐1 and VEGFR receptor‐2, and induced apoptosisinpulmonarymicrovascularendothelialcellsinvitro.Wealso observed a trend toward increased concentrations of IL-18 in the BALF of patients with COPD. Our findings suggest that IL-18‐mediated endothelial cell death may contribute to vascular destruction and disappearance in SHS-induced COPD. Moreover, IL-18 and IL-18BP are potential new targets for therapeutics.
Long‐term safety of adalimumab in clinical trials in adult patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis (2017)

Patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis continued to experience acceptable safety with adalimumab, without new safety signals.
17O NMR Investigation of Aryl Isocyanates: Electronic and Steric Effects (1987)

Abstract The natural abundance 170 nmr spectra of seventeen aryl isocyanates are reported. Electronic effects of substituents are consistent with previously investigated carbonyl containing functional groups; however, the steric effects of ortho-alky 1 groups give results which are opposite to those noted for other systems.
Wnt ligands signal in a cooperative manner to promote foregut organogenesis (2012)

Endoderm-mesenchyme cross-talk is a central process in the development of foregut-derived organs. How signaling pathways integrate the activity of multiple ligands to guide organ development is poorly understood. We show that two Wnt ligands, Wnt2 and Wnt7b, cooperatively induce Wnt signaling without affecting the stabilization of the Wnt canonical effector β-catenin despite it being necessary for Wnt2-Wnt7b cooperativity. Wnt2-Wnt7b cooperation is specific for mesenchymal cell lineages and the combined loss of Wnt2 and Wnt7b leads to more severe developmental defects in the lung than loss of Wnt2 or Wnt7b alone. High-throughput small-molecule screens and biochemical assays reveal that the Pdgf pathway is required for cooperative Wnt2-Wnt7b signaling. Inhibition of Pdgf signaling in cell culture reduces Wnt2-Wnt7b cooperative signaling. Moreover, inhibition of Pdgf signaling in lung explant cultures results in decreased Wnt signaling and lung smooth-muscle development. These data suggest a model in which Pdgf signaling potentiates Wnt2-Wnt7b signaling to promote high levels of Wnt activity in mesenchymal progenitors that is required for proper development of endoderm-derived organs, such as the lung.
Energy and the Environment: Perpetual Dilemma or Nanotechnology-Enabled Opportunity? (2004)

The global demand for the energy that sustains human-based activity is unceasing—and increasing. This global need drives production processes (including extraction, chemical manipulation, and distribution) and in-use processes that potentially can compromise environmental quality. Yet the global and local environment can only be sustained, cleaned, and preserved through the expenditure of energy. A perpetual irony it may be, but thermodynamics demands that truism. Are there environmentally green opportunities foreseeable by re-thinking and re-designing energy production and power generation from a nanoscopic perspective? The heterogeneous catalysis necessary to process petroleum into liquid transportation fuels is (and has always been) innately nanoscopic (1). Even with a history that long precedes today's focus on nanoscale science and engineering, improved catalytic chemistries are still sought, particularly to desulfurize fuels, in order to lower the environmental impact of the use of fossil fuels (2). Breakthroughs in energy storage and conversion are arising from the confluence
Borenium Ion Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkenes with N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Boranes (2012)

Treatment of alkenes such as 3-hexene, 3-octene, and 1-cyclohexyl-1-butene with the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-derived borane 2 and catalytic HNTf(2) (Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl (CF(3)SO(2))) effects hydroboration at room temperature. With 3-hexene, surprisingly facile migration of the boron atom from C(3) of the hexyl group to C(2) was observed over a time scale of minutes to hours. Oxidative workup gave a mixture of alcohols containing 2-hexanol as the major product. A similar preference for the C(2) alcohol was observed after oxidative workup of the 3-octene and 1-cyclohexyl-1-butene hydroborations. NHC-borenium cations (or functional equivalents) are postulated as the species that accomplish the hydroborations, and the C(2) selective migrations are attributed to the four-center interconversion of borenium cations with cationic NHC-borane-olefin π-complexes.
Elevated Periostin Concentrations in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Eosinophilic Pneumonia (2019)

Although some blood leakage may be involved in the elevation of periostin in the BALF of EP, periostin can be induced locally, at least in part. Therefore, periostin may play a role in the development of EP.
Protein phosphatase 1 regulates the phosphorylation state of the polarity scaffold Par-3 (2008)

Phosphorylation of the polarity protein Par-3 by the serine/threonine kinases aPKCzeta/iota and Par-1 (EMK1/MARK2) regulates various aspects of epithelial cell polarity, but little is known about the mechanisms by which these posttranslational modifications are reversed. We find that the serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP1 (predominantly the alpha isoform) binds Par-3, which localizes to tight junctions in MDCKII cells. PP1alpha can associate with multiple sites on Par-3 while retaining its phosphatase activity. By using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based technique, multiple reaction monitoring, we show that PP1alpha specifically dephosphorylates Ser-144 and Ser-824 of mouse Par-3, as well as a peptide encompassing Ser-885. Consistent with these observations, PP1alpha regulates the binding of 14-3-3 proteins and the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) zeta to Par-3. Furthermore, the induced expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of PP1alpha severely delays the formation of functional tight junctions in MDCKII cells. Collectively, these results show that Par-3 functions as a scaffold, coordinating both serine/threonine kinases and the PP1alpha phosphatase, thereby providing dynamic control of the phosphorylation events that regulate the Par-3/aPKC complex.
Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1): A Novel KIT D816V-Dependent Target in Neoplastic Human Mast Cells (HMC-1). (2005)

Abstract Systemic mastoyctosis is a myeloid neoplasm characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells (MC). Most patients express the D816V-mutated variant of c-KIT, which mediates resistance against most available tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Therefore, current research is focusing on novel targets in MC. We analyzed expression and function of the survival factor heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in neoplastic MC. As assessed by Northern blotting and RT-PCR, the human MC line HMC-1 that exhibits KIT D816V, was found to express HO-1 mRNA. Expression of the HO-1 protein was demonstrable by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. To examine the role of mutated KIT in expression of HO-1, Ba/F3 cells with doxycycline-inducible expression of c-KIT D816V were employed. In these experiments, KIT D816V was found to induce HO-1 promoter activity and expression of HO-1 mRNA and HO-1 protein in these cells. Moreover, the KIT-D816V-targeting compound PKC412 was found to downregulate expression of HO-1 in HMC-1 cells. The KIT D816V-induced upregulation of HO-1 in Ba/F3 cells was completely blocked by a combination of LY294002 (PI3-kinase inhibitor) and PD89059 (MEK inhibitor), but not by single agents, suggesting involvement of multiple signaling pathways. We next examined whether targeting of HO-1 is associated with decreased survival. As assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake, the pegylated HO-1 inhibitor zinc-protoporphyrin (PEG-ZnPP) reduced proliferation of HMC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC50: 5 μM). The PEG-ZnPP-induced inhibition of growth was found to be associated with induction of apoptosis (control: 1±0.6 vs PEG-ZnPP, 5 μM: 55±5% apoptotic cells, p&amp;lt;0.05). The HO-1 inductor hemin (10 μM) increased the expression of HO-1 in HMC-1 cells and partly rescued these cells from PKC412-induced growth-inhibition (PKC412, 1 μM: 39±8% vs PKC412 + hemin: 23±11%). Finally, PKC412 and PEG-ZnPP were found to produce cooperative (additive) growth-inhibitory effects on HMC-1 cells. In summary, our data show that HO-1 is a novel survival factor and interesting target in neoplastic human MC exhibiting the D816V-mutated variant of KIT.
Lead Iron Phosphate Powders Produced by Melting and Fast Cooling (1998)

Lead iron phosphate glasses are potentially useful for nuclear waste immobilization, and others applications. Lead iron phosphate glass powders were obtained from a mixture of NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , PbO and Fe 2 O 3 melted in an induction furnace and fast cooled. After milling, the material was pressed in a die and finally sintered. The particle size distribution, specific surface area, density values and crystalline phases were determined. Three amorphous halos were observed with intensities depending on the particle size distribution, These halos were assigned to be from ferric metaphosphate (Fe(PO 3 ) 3 , lead orthophosphate Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and lead metaphosphate Pb(PO 3 ) 2 compounds. It is proposed that ferric metaphosphate is the main compound on the surface of the particles and lead orthophosphate and lead metaphosphate are in the inner part of the particles. The milling process allows to exhibit these compounds which are then detected by the X-rays diffraction. Pre-sintered pellets were exposed to CsCl aqueous solution and the absorption of Cs has been determined by SEM. Crystallization temperatures were determined by thermal analyses, and it is noted that the maximum is displaced from 534 to 543°C for samples containing CsCl. The surface area was determined to be 29 cm 2 /g after milling.
Low cross-talk design of multi-core fibers (2010)

Multicore fibers have exciting potential, motivating design of low-crosstalk fibers. Bend-induced shifts in coupling resonances play a crucial role in modeling cross-talk even for the extremely gentle bends expected for buried fiber.
Robust High-Dimensional Linear Regression (2016)

The effectiveness of supervised learning techniques has made them ubiquitous in research and practice. In high-dimensional settings, supervised learning commonly relies on dimensionality reduction to improve performance and identify the most important factors in predicting outcomes. However, the economic importance of learning has made it a natural target for adversarial manipulation of training data, which we term poisoning attacks. Prior approaches to dealing with robust supervised learning rely on strong assumptions about the nature of the feature matrix, such as feature independence and sub-Gaussian noise with low variance. We propose an integrated method for robust regression that relaxes these assumptions, assuming only that the feature matrix can be well approximated by a low-rank matrix. Our techniques integrate improved robust low-rank matrix approximation and robust principle component regression, and yield strong performance guarantees. Moreover, we experimentally show that our methods significantly outperform state of the art both in running time and prediction error.
Overexpression of a stress‐inducible aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana in transgenic plants improves stress tolerance (2003)

In plants, oxidative stress is one of the major causes of damage as a result of various environmental stresses. Oxidative stress is primarily because of the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The amplification of ROS damage is further stimulated by the accumulation of toxic degradation products, i.e. aldehydes, arising from reactions of ROS with lipids and proteins. Previously, the isolation of dehydration-inducible genes encoding aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) was reported from the desiccation-tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum and Arabidopsis thaliana. ALDHs belong to a family of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes with a broad substrate specificity that catalyze the oxidation of various toxic aldehydes to carboxylic acids. Analysis of transcript accumulation revealed that Ath-ALDH3 is induced in response to NaCl, heavy metals (Cu2+ and Cd2+), and chemicals that induce oxidative stress (methyl viologen (MV) and H2O2). To investigate the physiological role and possible involvement of ALDHs in stress protection, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing Ath-ALDH3. Transgenic lines show improved tolerance when exposed to dehydration, NaCl, heavy metals (Cu2+ and Cd2+), MV, and H2O2. Tolerance of transgenic plants is correlated with decreased accumulation of lipid peroxidation-derived reactive aldehydes (as measured by malondialdehyde) compared to wild-type plants. Increased activity of Ath-ALDH3 appears to constitute a detoxification mechanism that limits aldehyde accumulation and oxidative stress, thus revealing a novel pathway of detoxification in plants. We suggest that Ath-ALDH3 could be used to obtain plants with tolerance to diverse environmental stresses.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins through a Halogen‐Induced 1,2‐Silyl Migration (2013)

Silicium auf Wanderschaft: Bei der stereoselektiven Bildung von hoch substituierten α-Silyl-β-halogenenonen induziert die elektrophile Aktivierung des Ausgangsalkins durch N-Halogensuccinimide eine anti-selektive Verschiebung der Silylgruppe (siehe Schema). Die resultierenden Enone können leicht und unter Erhaltung der Konfiguration in Alkene mit vier Kohlenstoffsubstituenten umgewandelt werden. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Lipoic acid in secondary progressive MS (2017)

This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with SPMS, LA reduces the rate of brain atrophy.
Simulation and verification of a multicore fiber system (2017)

In this paper, a simulation model of a multicore fiber in the linear regime is presented. We describe how to digitally represent the fiber and introduce a modelling scheme based on Coupled-Mode theory and Power-Coupled theory to analyze the system performance of multicore fibers. In order to validate the investigated model, the obtained simulation results are compared to our own measurements of a 7-core multicore fiber transmission link and to results from previously published experiments.
Interface charge transport of multilayer devices for exact analysis of charge behavior in organic optoelectronic devices (2021)

A unipolar charge device was utilized to gain information of the charge balance in organic optoelectronic devices to enhance efficiency and operational stability. Usually, a unipolar charge device is designed as a multilayer structure to improve charge transport and block injection of counter charges from electrodes. In this paper, the correlation between charge transport across the interlayer and corresponding bulk electrical parameters from quasi-static analysis was investigated. Although only the interlayer material was modified, the charge carrier mobility and drift charge carrier density of the light-emitting layer were totally changed, which originated from large series resistance due to charge accumulation at the interface. This result indicates that quantitative analysis of electrical properties from unipolar charge devices should be performed as background analysis to ensure efficient interface charge transport during operation.
Response of Bone Subjected to Optimized High Dose Irradiation (2008)

Allograft tissues are used in over one million musculoskeletal procedures per year. Consequently, it is crucial tissue banks use procedures to militate against allograft associated bacterial and viral infections. Recent studies have identified an important pathogen inactivation technology for musculoskeletal allografts that utilizes high-dose gamma irradiation (50 kGy) under controlled conditions. A total dose of 50 kGy assures that the current standard for medical devices for a microbial sterility assurance level of 10(- 6) is met. Furthermore, the pathogen inactivation technology results in a greater than four log inactivation of enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. Efficacious clinical outcome from musculoskeletal allografts exposed to this innovative sterilization procedure will require that there is no performance decrement in the allograft's biological properties. Therefore, to validate this objective, we executed a study focusing on remodeling and osteoconduction of bone allografts treated with a high dose of gamma irradiation (50 kGy), radioprotectants and well-defined operating parameters of temperature and water content. A rabbit calvarial model was used to test the hypothesis that remodeling and osteoconduction of allogeneic bone treated with the new pathogen inactivation technology would be equivalent to nontreated allogeneic bone. Results indicated treated bone allografts were comparable to nontreated allografts. We conclude, therefore, that based on this outcome and other reports, that high doses of gamma irradiation under optimized conditions designed to reduce free radical damage to tissue will provide safer allografts.
Communication: A packing of truncated tetrahedra that nearly fills all of space and its melting properties (2011)

Dense polyhedron packings are useful models of a variety of condensed matter and biological systems and have intrigued scientists and mathematicians for centuries. Here, we analytically construct the densest known packing of truncated tetrahedra with a remarkably high packing fraction φ = 207/208 = 0.995192..., which is amazingly close to unity and strongly implies its optimality. This construction is based on a generalized organizing principle for polyhedra lacking central symmetry that we introduce here. The "holes" in the putative optimal packing are perfect tetrahedra, which leads to a new tessellation of space by truncated tetrahedra and tetrahedra. Its packing characteristics and equilibrium melting properties as the system undergoes decompression are discussed.
Inside Back Cover: Selective and Wash‐Resistant Fluorescent Dihydrocodeinone Derivatives Allow Single‐Molecule Imaging of μ‐Opioid Receptor Dimerization (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 15/2020) (2020)

Highly selective fluorescent ligands derived from the opium poppy were developed by D. Calebiro, M. Decker et al. in their Research Article on page 5958 to investigate whether μ-opioid receptors (μ-ORs) can form dimers on the plasma membrane. These compounds exhibit long residence time and high affinity. Applying these chemical tools, single-molecule microscopy allowed detection of a small fraction of short-lived homodimers.
Generation and Evaluation of Different Modality of Medical Image Based on GAN (2021)

In recent years, computed tomography(CT) image, positron emission tomography(PET) image and anatomical image are often used for medical diagnosis. Each have different pros and cons. However, the diagnosis based on some modality images sometimes forces time and cost. Hence We aim to generate image which has different modality among CT image, PET image and anatomical image. Firstly, We apply Generative Adversarial Network for generate a psudo image. And generate image using DCGAN and CycleGAN. In the experiment about CycleGAN, We try to improve accuracy by changing the dataset. Finally, we evaluate generated image.
Response to 5‐azacytidine in a patient with TET2‐mutated angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia preceded by an EBV‐positive large B‐cell lymphoma (2016)

We report the case of a patient with a history of Epstein-Barr virus-positive large B-cell lymphoma, who relapsed with an angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) associated with a chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). We performed targeted next-generation sequencing on CMML and AITL DNA, which revealed mutations of TET2, DNMT3A, SRSF2, NRAS and IDH1, thus confirming that the spectrum of AITL mutations share similarities with myeloid disorders. The frequencies of TET2/DNMT3A and SRSF2 variants could support the hypothesis that TET2/DNMT3A mutations occurred in an early progenitor cell, which later progressed to both the AITL and CMML clones. Treatment with 5-azacytidine led to the complete remission of both diseases. Thus, targeting DNA methylation abnormalities in AITL may be an alternative strategy to chemotherapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-assembling of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene into supramolecular structures using transition-metal derivatization (1996)

A. Zanotti-Gerosa, E. Solari, L. Giannini, C. Floriani, A. Chiesi-Villa and C. Rizzoli, Chem. Commun., 1996, 119 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960000119