gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of cholesterol pathway intermediates attenuates IL-33 mediated mast cell cytokine production (2021)

Abstract Asthma is a growing problem in developed countries, affecting over 24 million individuals in the US alone. Allergic asthma is denoted by a Th2 response that supports IgE-mediated mast cell function and is enhanced by the cytokine IL-33. Although corticosteroids and other treatments are available to help control asthma, many patients have persistent symptoms. In order to meet this unmet need, we investigated the utility of repurposing statin drugs. Statins decrease serum cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. These drugs have anti-inflammatory effects largely ascribed to loss of isoprenyl lipids downstream of HMGCR. We previously found that statins could decrease IgE-mediated mast cell function. Our current data demonstrate that HMGCR inhibition by simvastatin or isoprenylation blockade with the novel compound FGT-2734 attenuates IL-33 induced mast cell cytokine production in vitro. Statin efficacy for the treatment of allergic asthma has been inconsistent in clinical trials. However, our data suggest that inhibiting isoprenylated signaling molecules may provide a feasible therapeutic target in mast cell-driven disease, and supports the use of statins as a potential adjunct or alternative treatment for individuals with asthma.
Linearity characterization of detectors for interferometric radiometers (2009)

The performance of the power detectors used to denormalize the digital correlations in interferometric radiometers may be degraded due to the non-linear behavior of the diode response. This work presents the comparison of two methods used to characterize and correct the non-linear response of the detectors. The results are illustrated by presenting the characterization of the power detectors in the MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis) instrument, the single payload of the ESA-SMOS mission.
Mechanisms of Tolerance Induced by Donor-Specific Transfusion and ICOS-B7h Blockade in a Model of CD4+ T-Cell-Mediated Allograft Rejection (2005)

The inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) has been shown to play a critical role in T-cell activation and differentiation, and the regulation of alloimmune responses in vivo. Using an MHC class II mismatched model of CD4(+) T-cell-mediated rejection, we found that treatment of mice with DST and ICOS-B7h blockade induced long-term skin allograft survival and donor-specific transplantation tolerance. ICOS blockade, either during antigen priming or during the effector phase, previously shown to alter the outcome of the immune response, had a similar effect on graft survival. DST and anti-B7h mAb reduced the frequency of IFN-gamma-producing allospecific cells but did not produce deviation to a T(H)2 phenotype. In an adoptive transfer model using ABM TCR transgenic mice directly reactive to I-A(bm12), DST and anti-B7h mAb reduced the number of allospecific CD4(+) T cells and increased CD4(+) T-cell apoptosis. These data demonstrate that DST and anti-B7h mAb induces transplantation tolerance to MHC class II mismatched skin grafts by a reduction of the alloreactive clone size that is, at least in part, dependent on apoptosis of host alloantigen-specific CD4(+) T cells.
Oncologic Outcomes of cT1 and cT2 Micropapillary Variant Compared with cT1 and cT2 Conventional Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Radical Cystectomy (2022)

In a cohort of patients undergoing RC, cT1/2 MPBC had worse outcomes than cT1/2 UCBC. Patients and surgeons should consider aggressive therapies for patients with cT1 MPBC due to the risk of inferior outcomes associated with cT2 MPBC disease.
Microcontainers with Fluorescent Anisotropic Zeolite L Cores and Isotropic Silica Shells (2008)

Abstract Vielfarbig fluoreszierende Container : Multifluoreszierende farbstoffmarkierte Zeolith‐L‐Kristalle mit lumineszierenden anisotropen Kernen und isotropen Hüllen wurden durch Beschichten mit Kieselgel erhalten. Dazu wurde der Aufbau von Polyelektrolytschichten mit einer Stöber‐Synthese kombiniert (siehe Schema, TEM‐Bild und fluoreszenzmikroskopische Aufnahmen). magnified image
New union bound on the error probability of bit-interleaved space–time codes with finite interleaver sizes (2008)

A new union bound on the bit error probability of bit-interleaved space–time (BI-ST) coded systems is derived. Unlike existing performance analysis tools for BI-ST systems, the new bound provides a general framework for analysing the performance of BI-ST systems employing finite interleaver sizes. The derivation is based on the uniform interleaving assumption of the coded sequence prior to transmission over multiple antennas. The new bound is a function of the distance spectrum of the code, the signal constellation used and the space–time (ST) mapping scheme. The bound is derived for a general BI-ST coded system and applied to two specific examples, namely, the BI space–time coded modulation and the BI space–time block codes. Results show that the analysis provides a close approximation to the BI-ST performance for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios. The analysis can also accurately characterise the performance differences between different interleaver sizes, which is a breakthrough in the analysis of BI-ST coded systems.
Effects of nutritional factors on formation of scopoletin and scopolin in tobacco tissue cultures. (1982)

At low concentrations, sucrose and phosphate increased the formation of scopoletin and scopolin. Among carbon sources tested, only sucrose was effective in the formation of scopoletin and scopolin. A high concentration of either inorganic nitrogen source or casamino acid increased scopoletin and scopolin formation. L-Phenylalanine as the sole amino acid completely inhibited cell growth and the formation of scopoletin and scopolin, but combining L-phenylalanine and casamino acid remarkably stimulated the formation of scopoletin and scopolin.
Basal insulin peglispro: Overview of a novel long‐acting insulin with reduced peripheral effect resulting in a hepato‐preferential action (2016)

Basal insulin peglispro (BIL) is a novel basal insulin with a flat, prolonged activity profile. BIL has been demonstrated in a dog model, in healthy men and in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to have significant hepato-preferential action resulting from reduced peripheral activity. In the IMAGINE-Phase 3 clinical trial program, more than 6000 patients were included, of whom ~3900 received BIL. Of the 7 pivotal IMAGINE trials, 3 studies were double-blinded and 3 were in T1D patients. BIL consistently demonstrated a greater HbA1c reduction, less glycaemic variability and a clinically relevant reduction in the rates of nocturnal hypoglycaemia across comparator [glargine and isophane insulin (NPH)] studies. Trials using basal/bolus regimens had higher rates of total hypoglycaemia with BIL due to higher rates of daytime hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia rates were similar to comparator among both patients with T1D or type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D patients lost weight compared with glargine (GL). Patients with T2D tended to gain less weight with BIL than with glargine. Compared to glargine, BIL was associated with higher liver fat, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, including a higher frequency of elevation of ALT ≥3 times the upper limit of normal, but without severe, acute drug-induced liver injury. Injection site reactions, primarily lipohypertrophy, were more frequent with BIL. In conclusion, BIL demonstrated better glycaemic control with reduced glucose variability and nocturnal hypoglycaemia but higher triglycerides, ALT and liver fat relative to conventional comparator insulin. The hepato-preferential action of BIL with reduced peripheral activity may account for these findings.
Imaging human retinal pigment epithelium cells using adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (2016)

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are vital to health of the outer retina, but are often compromised in ageing and major ocular diseases that lead to blindness. Early manifestation of RPE disruption occurs at the cellular level, and while biomarkers at this scale hold considerable promise, RPE cells have proven extremely challenging to image in the living human eye. We present a novel method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) equipped with adaptive optics (AO) that overcomes the associated technical obstacles. The method takes advantage of the 3D resolution of AO-OCT, but more critically sub-cellular segmentation and registration that permit organelle motility to be used as a novel contrast mechanism. With this method, we successfully visualized RPE cells and characterized their 3D reflectance profile in every subject and retinal location (3&deg; and 7&deg; temporal to the fovea) imaged to date. We have quantified RPE packing geometry in terms of cell density, cone-to-RPE ratio, and number of nearest neighbors using Voronoi and power spectra analyses. RPE cell density (cells/mm<sup>2</sup>) showed no significant difference between 3&deg; (4,892&plusmn;691) and 7&deg; (4,780&plusmn;354). In contrast, cone-to- RPE ratio was significantly higher at 3&deg; (3.88&plusmn;0.52:1) than 7&deg; (2.31&plusmn; 0.23:1). Voronoi analysis also showed most RPE cells have six nearest neighbors, which was significantly larger than the next two most prevalent associations: five and seven. Averaged across the five subjects, prevalence of cells with six neighbors was 51.4&plusmn;3.58% at 3&deg;, and 54.58&plusmn;3.01% at 7&deg;. These results are consistent with histology and <i>in vivo</i> studies using other imaging modalities.
Knock and knock intensity models for boosted SI conditions with gasoline-ethanol blends (2021)

In this work, a previously developed, two-stage table-lookup kinetic method for surrogate Toluene Reference Fuels (TRF) was extended to gasoline-ethanol blends and exercised in a GT-POWER model of knock in several engines. Experimentally, the knock limit is normally determined by the magnitude of pressure oscillations, known as the knock intensity (KI), rather than the crank angle of initial pressure oscillations or the crank angle of auto-ignition, which is difficult to identify. A number of empirical expressions of knock intensity have been developed for modeling purposes which relate the knock intensity to the crank angle and conditions at auto-ignition, and are available in the literature. These models were implemented into a GT-POWER model and tested against experimental knock-limited data for gasoline and gasoline-ethanol blends. The KI models are phenomenological in nature and are based on varying conceptual views of the knock event. With calibration all methods gave satisfactory results at mid-speed conditions when compared with the experimental data. Some deviations were seen at low and high speeds. Low speeds are potentially important because both RON and MON testing occurs under such conditions. Implications of the results and their relationship to recent knock experimental work are discussed and suggestions offered for improved knock models.
Genome Editing for Crop Improvement – Applications in Clonally Propagated Polyploids With a Focus on Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) (2018)

Genome-editing has revolutionized biology. When coupled with a recently streamlined regulatory process by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the potential to generate transgene-free varieties, genome-editing provides a new avenue for crop improvement. For heterozygous, polyploid and vegetatively propagated crops such as cultivated potato, <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> Group Tuberosum L., genome-editing presents tremendous opportunities for trait improvement. In potato, traits such as improved resistance to cold-induced sweetening, processing efficiency, herbicide tolerance, modified starch quality and self-incompatibility have been targeted utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN reagents in diploid and tetraploid clones. However, limited progress has been made in other such crops including sweetpotato, strawberry, grapes, citrus, banana etc., In this review we summarize the developments in genome-editing platforms, delivery mechanisms applicable to plants and then discuss the recent developments in regulation of genome-edited crops in the United States and The European Union. Next, we provide insight into the challenges of genome-editing in clonally propagated polyploid crops, their current status for trait improvement with future prospects focused on potato, a global food security crop.
Resting State Functional Connectivity Demonstrates Increased Segregation in Bilateral Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2022)

Abstract Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy. An increasingly identified subset of patients with TLE consists of those who show bilaterally independent temporal lobe involvement during seizures. Bilateral TLE (BiTLE) remains understudied, likely due to its complex underlying pathophysiology and heterogeneous clinical presentation. In this study, using a multicenter resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) dataset, we constructed whole brain functional networks of 19 patients with BiTLE, and compared them to those of 75 patients with unilateral TLE (UTLE). We quantified resting-state, whole-brain topological properties using metrics derived from network theory, including clustering coefficient, global efficiency, participation coefficient, and modularity. For each metric, we computed an average across all brain regions, and iterated this process across network densities ranging from 0.10-0.50. Curves of network density versus each network metric were compared between groups. Finally, we derived a combined metric, which we term the “integration-segregation axis”, by combining whole brain average clustering coefficient and global efficiency curves and applying principal component analysis (PCA)-based dimensionality reduction. Compared to UTLE, BiTLE had decreased global efficiency (p=0.026), increased whole brain average clustering coefficient (p=0.035), and decreased whole brain average participation coefficient across a range of network densities (p=0.001). Modularity maximization yielded a larger number of smaller communities in BiTLE than in UTLE (p=0.016). Differences in network properties separate BiTLE and UTLE along the integration-segregation axis: 68% of patients with BiTLE were identified within the high segregation region, while only 41% of the UTLE patients were identified in the same region (p=0.042). Along the integration-segregation axis, UTLE patients with poor surgical outcomes were more similar to BiTLE than those with good surgical outcomes (p=0.72). Increased interictal whole brain network segregation, as measured by rs-fMRI, is specific to BiTLE, and may assist in non-invasively identifying this patient population prior to intracranial EEG or device implantation.
Femtosecond optical control on the nanoscale (2013)

We demonstrate a generalized route to generate nanometer spatially confined ultrafast optical pulses with arbitrary deterministic femtosecond waveform control using surface plasmon polarition nanofocusing in 3D tapered noble metal tips.
COMB-ASSISTED QCL DOPPLER-BROADENED THERMOMETRY IN NH$_3$ SAMPLES (2013)

Bacteriophage phi 60 possesses an endoglucosidase that depolymerizes the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella K60 into a heptasaccharide having two single beta-D-glucopyranosyl side-chains. This bulky oligosaccharide may be used as a probe to examine the combining sites of immunoglobulins. The 1H- and 13C-n.m.r.-spectral data of the oligosaccharide are reported.
Synthetic ion transporters in bilayer membranes (1995)

Abstract A variety of synthetic compounds mediate ion transport across bilayer membranes. The majority of reported cases involve transport across vesicle membranes, with mechanism inferred by comparison with known transporters. Single channel conductance techniques provide more direct mechanistic information. Two examples are discussed. In the first, an active unimolecular transporter (G8TrgP)4Tet is shown to induce erratic formation of transient high conductivity pores. In the second, a linear pore-former A8TrgPA8TrgA is shown produce regular multi-level channels in diphytanoylPC membranes. The pore formed shows ion selectivity in the sequence Cs+ > K+ > Na+. A model consisting of an aggregate of a few A8TrgPA8TrgA molecules in the bilayer would be qualitatively consistent with the data.
2,5‐Dihydroxyacetophenone: a matrix for highly sensitive matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis of proteins using manual and automated preparation techniques (2006)

2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) is presented as a matrix which enables highly sensitive matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis of peptides, proteins and glycoproteins on AnchorChip targets. Depending on the protein, lower fmol amounts can be detected due to the increased homogeneity and concentration of the crystallization of the analyte/matrix mixture on the anchors. Best results could be generated in the mass range of 8-100 kDa. All sample/matrix preparation steps starting from mixing of DHAP matrix solution with sample solution to the transfer of the mixture to the MALDI-TOF target can be performed manually or automatically allowing low- and high-throughput analyses.
Electrocardiographic Imaging of Repolarization Abnormalities (2021)

Background Dispersion and gradients in repolarization have been associated with life-threatening arrhythmias, but are difficult to quantify precisely from surface electrocardiography. The objective of this study was to evaluate electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) to noninvasively detect repolarization-based abnormalities. Methods and Results Ex vivo data were obtained from Langendorff-perfused pig hearts (n=8) and a human donor heart. Unipolar electrograms were recorded simultaneously during sinus rhythm from an epicardial sock and the torso-shaped tank within which the heart was suspended. Regional repolarization heterogeneities were introduced through perfusion of dofetilide and pinacidil into separate perfusion beds. In vivo data included torso and epicardial potentials recorded simultaneously in anesthetized, closed-chest pigs (n=5), during sinus rhythm, and ventricular pacing. For both data sets, ECGI accurately reconstructed T-wave electrogram morphologies when compared with those recorded by the sock (ex vivo: correlation coefficient, 0.85 [0.52-0.96], in vivo: correlation coefficient, 0.86 [0.52-0.96]) and repolarization time maps (ex-vivo: correlation coefficient, 0.73 [0.63-0.83], in vivo: correlation coefficient, 0.76 [0.67-0.82]). ECGI-reconstructed repolarization time distributions were strongly correlated to those measured by the sock (both data sets, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ≥0.92). Although the position of the gradient was slightly shifted by 8.3 (0-13.9) mm, the mean, max, and SD between ECGI and recorded gradient values were highly correlated (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.87, 0.75, and 0.86 respectively). There was no significant difference in ECGI accuracy between ex vivo and in vivo data. Conclusions ECGI reliably and accurately maps potentially critical repolarization abnormalities. This noninvasive approach allows imaging and quantifying individual parameters of abnormal repolarization-based substrates in patients with arrhythmogenesis, to improve diagnosis and risk stratification.
Critical Factors Affecting the Undercooling of Pb-free, Flip-Chip Solder Bumps and In-situ Observation of Solidification Process (2007)

The undercooling of flip-chip Pb-free solder bumps was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to understand the effects of solder composition, solder volume, minor alloying elements, presence of an under bump metallurgy (UBM), and cooling rate. The undercooling is defined as the temperature difference between the melting temperature of a solder during heating and the solidification temperature during cooling. Although the undercooling of a bulk sample can be easily measured by DSC, it is difficult to measure the undercooling of flip-chip solder bumps because an individual solder bump is too tiny to be handled and the amount of heat associated with melting or solidification is also too small to be detected. In this study, a large amount of the undercooling (as large as 90degC) was observed with Sn-rich, flip-chip-size solder bumps sitting in a glass mold, while the corresponding undercooling was significantly reduced in the presence of a wettable UBM surface on a Si chip. In addition, the solidification of an array of individual solder bumps in a glass mold was monitored in-situ by video imaging technique during both heating up and cooling down cycles. Random solidification of an array of bumps was demonstrated during cooling, which also spans a wide temperature range of 40-80degC. Comparing the amount of undercooling observed in flip-chip vs. BGA-size bumps or bulk solders, it is evident that the solder volume factor is more dominant than the metallurgical factor such as Sn vs. Pb. It is also demonstrated that a small addition of minor alloying elements such as Co, Zn, Ni and Fe was effective in reducing the amount of undercooling of Pb-free solders.
Morpholexical and Discriminative Language Models for Turkish Automatic Speech Recognition (2012)

This paper introduces two complementary language modeling approaches for morphologically rich languages aiming to alleviate out-of-vocabulary (OOV) word problem and to exploit morphology as a knowledge source. The first model, morpholexical language model, is a generative <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$n$</tex></formula> -gram model, where modeling units are lexical-grammatical morphemes instead of commonly used words or statistical sub-words. This paper also proposes a novel approach for integrating the morphology into an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system in the finite-state transducer framework as a knowledge source. We accomplish that by building a morpholexical search network obtained by the composition of lexical transducer of a computational lexicon with a morpholexical language model. The second model is a linear reranking model trained discriminatively with a variant of the perceptron algorithm using morpholexical features. This variant of the perceptron algorithm, WER-sensitive perceptron, is shown to perform better for reranking <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$n$</tex> </formula> -best candidates obtained with the generative model. We apply the proposed models in Turkish broadcast news transcription task and give experimental results. The morpholexical model leads to an elegant morphology-integrated search network with unlimited vocabulary. Thus, it is highly effective in alleviating OOV problem and improves the word error rate (WER) over word and statistical sub-word models by 1.8% and 0.4% absolute, respectively. The discriminatively trained morpholexical model further improves the WER of the system by 0.8% absolute.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH INDOLE DERIVATIVES. XXXIX. A STEREOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF EBURNAMONINE, EBURNAMINE, AND EBURNAMENINE (1979)

Abstract Meerwein‐Alkylierung des Ketolactams (I) mit Et 3 O + PF 6 ‐ und anschließende Lactamhydrolyse ergibt den enolisierten Ketoester (II), dessen sukzessive Behandlung mit Na‐methylat und TFA zu dem Eburnamoninon (III) führt.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Circulating Biomarkers of Anti-NRP1, a Novel Antiangiogenesis Agent, in Two Phase I Trials in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 57K, Baseline levels of Plasma PlGF for the Phase I study with MNRP1658A and Avf0776 were measured using MSD assay. Equivalent levels and similar distribution of PlGF was observed between the two clinical trials.&lt;/p&gt;