gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment schedule dependency of antitumor effect of deoxyspergualin. (1991)

The effect of treatment schedule on antitumor activity of 15-deoxyspergualin (NKT-01) against P388 leukemia was studied by changing each 2 out of 3 factors of administration schedule (number of injections, injection interval, and injection period) with the rest being constant. The antitumor activity of NKT-01 was shown to be strongly time-dependent; higher efficacy was obtained with prolongation of treatment period and with increasing the number of injections. The dosing interval seemed not to be a dominant factor regarding the activity of NKT-01. The strong dependency on treatment period was also observed in continuous infusion schedules by using Alzet 2001 osmotic minipump. The degree of dependency on infusion period was estimated to be 3- to 4-fold stronger than that on the infused dose by logarithmical plotting of the infusion periods and infused daily doses required to produce 130% of T/C(%). The effective dose range by the continuous infusion was slightly narrower than that by the repeated bolus injections, although slightly higher maximal activity was obtained at the optimal dose. Hyperacute pharmacological toxicity caused by bolus injection of high dose (51.2 mg/kg) of NKT-01 did not occur by continuous infusion method even at much higher dose (409.6 mg/kg/day). Cumulative gastrointestinal toxicity was observed by prolonged continuous infusion as well as repetitive treatment schedule. From these results on antitumor activity and toxicity by various treatment schedules, recommendable clinical modality for NKT-01 seems to be the short-time infusion on every or every other day continuing for a few weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Blue Luminescence from (CdS)ZnS Core—Shell Nanocrystals. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Target genes of Topoisomerase IIβ regulate neuronal survival and are defined by their chromatin state (2012)

Topoisomerases are essential for DNA replication in dividing cells, but their genomic targets and function in postmitotic cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that a switch in the expression from Topoisomerases IIα (Top2α) to IIβ (Top2β) occurs during neuronal differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Genome-scale location analysis in stem cell-derived postmitotic neurons reveals Top2β binding to chromosomal sites that are methylated at lysine 4 of histone H3, a feature of regulatory regions. Indeed Top2β-bound sites are preferentially promoters and become targets during the transition from neuronal progenitors to neurons, at a time when cells exit the cell cycle. Absence of Top2β protein or its activity leads to changes in transcription and chromatin accessibility at many target genes. Top2β deficiency does not impair stem cell properties and early steps of neuronal differentiation but causes premature death of postmitotic neurons. This neuronal degeneration is caused by up-regulation of Ngfr p75, a gene bound and repressed by Top2β. These findings suggest a chromatin-based targeting of Top2β to regulatory regions in the genome to govern the transcriptional program associated with neuronal differentiation and longevity.
On Average Throughput Benefits and Alphabet Size in Network Coding (2005)

We examine the throughput benefits that network coding offers with respect to the average through- put achievable by routing, where the average throughput refers to the average of the rates that the indi- vidual receivers experience. We relate these benefits to the integrality gap of a standard LP formulation for the directed Steiner tree problem. We describe families of configurations over which network coding at most doubles the average throughput, and analyze a class of directed graph configurations with N receivers where network coding offers benefits proportional to âN. We also discuss other throughput measures in networks, and show how in certain classes of networks, the average throughput can be achieved uniformly by all receivers by employing vector routing and channel coding. Finally, we show configurations where use of randomized coding may require an alphabet size exponentially larger than the minimum alphabet size required.
ColloQL: Robust Text-to-SQL Over Search Queries (2020)

Translating natural language utterances to executable queries is a helpful technique in making the vast amount of data stored in relational databases accessible to a wider range of nontech-savvy end users. Prior work in this area has largely focused on textual input that is linguistically correct and semantically unambiguous. However, real-world user queries are often succinct, colloquial, and noisy, resembling the input of a search engine. In this work, we introduce data augmentation techniques and a sampling-based content-aware BERT model (COLLOQL) to achieve robust text-to-SQL modeling over natural language search (NLS) questions. Due to the lack of evaluation data, we curate a new dataset of NLS questions and demonstrate the efficacy of our approach. COLLOQL's superior performance extends to well-formed text, achieving 84.9% (logical) and 90.7% (execution) accuracy on the WikiSQL dataset, making it, to the best of our knowledge, the highest performing model that does not use execution guided decoding.
Style-aware Robust Color Transfer (2015)

Transferring features, such as light and colors, between input and reference images is the main objective of color transfer methods. Current state-of-the-art methods focus mainly on the complete transfer of the light and color distributions. However, they do not successfully grasp specific light and color variations in image styles. In this paper, we propose a local method for carrying out a transfer of style between two images. Our method partitions both images to Gaussian distributed clusters by considering their main style features. These features are automatically determined by the classification step of our algorithm. Moreover, we present several novel policies for input/reference cluster mapping, which have not been tackled so far by previous methods. To complete the style transfer, for each pair of corresponding clusters, we apply a parametric color transfer method and a local chromatic adaptation transform. Results, subjective user evaluation as well as objective evaluation show that the proposed method obtains visually pleasing and artifact-free images, respecting the reference style.
Second harmonic generation for molecular contrast in optical coherence tomography (2004)

We discuss the relative advantages of dark versus bright field approaches for achieving molecular contrast with OCT, and introduce second harmonic detection as a promising novel example of dark-field, coherence-gated microstructural imaging.
Folate Receptor-Beta Has Limited Value for Fluorescent Imaging in Ovarian, Breast and Colorectal Cancer (2015)

FR-β expression was low or absent in the majority of ovarian, breast and colorectal tumor samples. From the present study we conclude that the low FR-β expression in ovarian and breast tumor tissue indicates limited practical use of this receptor in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic purposes. Due to weak expression, FR-β is not regarded as a suitable target in colorectal cancer.
New formulas of interconnect capacitances based on results of conformal mapping method (2000)

The work presents new formulas for the capacitances of the most common two-dimensional (2-D) interconnect structures. The results have been obtained by using a physically-based approach: each geometry has been divided into elementary components studied rigorously with the conformal mapping method. The capacitances of structures composed by one, two, or three lines on a ground plane are then written as a weighted sum of such elements. Since the elementary terms already account for the correct geometrical dependencies, very few numerical simulations have been required to tailor the formulas, attaining an accuracy higher than previously known results, over a wide range of the geometrical parameters of the lines.
A photoactivatable small-molecule inhibitor for light-controlled spatiotemporal regulation of Rho kinase in live embryos (2012)

To uncover the molecular mechanisms of embryonic development, the ideal loss-of-function strategy would be capable of targeting specific regions of the living embryo with both temporal and spatial precision. To this end, we have developed a novel pharmacological agent that can be light activated to achieve spatiotemporally limited inhibition of Rho kinase activity in vivo. A new photolabile caging group, 6-nitropiperonyloxymethyl (NPOM), was installed on a small-molecule inhibitor of Rho kinase, Rockout, to generate a ‘caged Rockout’ derivative. Complementary biochemical, cellular, molecular and morphogenetic assays in both mammalian cell culture and Xenopus laevis embryos validate that the inhibitory activity of the caged compound is dependent on exposure to light. Conveniently, this unique reagent retains many of the practical advantages of conventional small-molecule inhibitors, including delivery by simple diffusion in the growth medium and concentration-dependent tuneability, but can be locally activated by decaging with standard instrumentation. Application of this novel tool to the spatially heterogeneous problem of embryonic left-right asymmetry revealed a differential requirement for Rho signaling on the left and right sides of the primitive gut tube, yielding new insight into the molecular mechanisms that generate asymmetric organ morphology. As many aromatic/heterocyclic small-molecule inhibitors are amenable to installation of this caging group, our results indicate that photocaging pharmacological inhibitors might be a generalizable technique for engendering convenient loss-of-function reagents with great potential for wide application in developmental biology.
QoE-driven cross-layer optimization in wireless networks addressing system efficiency and utility fairness (2011)

We address a multi-criteria Quality of Experience (QoE) driven optimization problem for multi-user wireless video delivery. The optimization is done in a cross-layer fashion by using parameterized models of application and link layer in order to determine the application data rate and the network resources that fulfill the criteria. Mean Opinion Score (MOS) is used as a unified utility metric that encompasses the user-perceived quality under certain receiving conditions for the user application. We consider two partially contrary objectives, which are maximizing the total perceived quality of the whole system and maximizing the utility fairness among all users. A tuning mechanism is proposed, which allows the network operator to change dynamically its operating point of the resource allocation based on its pre-defined policy of any combinations of these two objectives. We implemented the proposed tuning algorithm in an emulated Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system and verified its feasibility through simulations.
The Singapore Heart Failure Risk Score: Prediction of Survival in Southeast Asian Patients (2019)

We provided a risk score based on readily available clinical characteristics to predict 1- and 2-year survival in Southeast Asian patients hospitalised for heart failure via a simple online risk calculator, the Singapore Heart Failure Risk Score.
Correction: Polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers for electrochemical energy (2015)

Correction for ‘Polymerized ionic liquid block copolymers for electrochemical energy’ by Kelly M. Meek <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>J. Mater. Chem. A</italic>, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5ta07170d.
Microwave-Assisted Coating of PMMA Beads by Silver Nanoparticles (2007)

Microwave (MW) irradiation was found to be a new technique for coating silver nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 31 nm onto the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA beads (3 mm diameter). The microwave polyol reduction was carried out under an argon atmosphere. Silver nanoparticles were obtained by the MW irradiation of a solution mixture containing silver nitrate (or silver acetate), poly(ethylene glycol), ethanol, water, and 24 wt % aqueous ammonia for 5 min in the presence of PMMA beads, yielding a PMMA-nanosilver composite. By controlling the atmosphere and reaction conditions, we could achieve the deposition of silver nanoparticles onto the surface of poly(methyl methacrylate) and vary the amount of the silver anchored to the surface. The resulting silver-deposited PMMA samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and volumetric titration with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) according to the Folgard method.
Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein UL16 Causes Intracellular Sequestration of NKG2D Ligands, Protecting Against Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity (2003)

The activating receptor, NKG2D, is expressed on a variety of immune effector cells and recognizes divergent families of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related ligands, including the MIC and ULBP proteins. Infection, stress, or transformation can induce NKG2D ligand expression, resulting in effector cell activation and killing of the ligand-expressing target cell. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) membrane glycoprotein, UL16, binds to three of the five known ligands for human NKG2D. UL16 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and cis-Golgi apparatus of cells and causes MICB to be similarly retained and stabilized within cells. Coexpression of UL16 markedly reduces cell surface levels of MICB, ULBP1, and ULBP2, and decreases susceptibility to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Domain swapping experiments demonstrate that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of UL16 are important for intracellular retention of UL16, whereas the ectodomain of UL16 participates in down-regulation of NKG2D ligands. The intracellular sequestration of NKG2D ligands by UL16 represents a novel HCMV immune evasion mechanism to add to the well-documented viral strategies directed against antigen presentation by classical MHC molecules.
Design and characterization of dielectric filled TM110 microwave cavities for ultrafast electron microscopy (2019)

Microwave cavities oscillating in the TM<sub>110</sub> mode can be used as dynamic electron-optical elements inside an electron microscope. By filling the cavity with a dielectric material, it becomes more compact and power efficient, facilitating the implementation in an electron microscope. However, the incorporation of the dielectric material makes the manufacturing process more difficult. Presented here are the steps taken to characterize the dielectric material and to reproducibly fabricate dielectric filled cavities. Also presented are two versions with improved capabilities. The first, called a dual-mode cavity, is designed to support two modes simultaneously. The second has been optimized for low power consumption. With this optimized cavity, a magnetic field strength of 2.84 ± 0.07 mT was generated at an input power of 14.2 ± 0.2 W. Due to the low input powers and small dimensions, these dielectric cavities are ideal as electron-optical elements for electron microscopy setups.
The Impedance of Lithium Electrodes in LiPF6 ‐ Based Electrolytes (1992)

The impedance spectrum of a lithium electrode in an electrolyte exhibits one or two semicircles. The variation of the two semicircles with immersion time indicates the presence of two kinds of passivating surface films. The change in resistance (Δ R1) associated with the first film during the first 24 h immersion time increased with increasing concentration. The large value of Δ R1 in a degraded electrolyte indicated that the decomposition of would lead to the formation of a thick passivating film. Δ R1 was well correlated with the oxidation potential of the solvent, which measures the stability of the solvent against lithium. The change in resistance (Δ R2) of the second film over 24 h was smaller than for the first film. The most effective solvent for decreasing Δ R1 was an ethylene carbonate (EC)/2‐methyl‐tetrahydrofuran (2MeTHF) mixed solvent. The lithium cycling efficiency in various solvent systems was demonstrated to increase with a decrease in Δ R1. The efficiency of the electrolyte varied significantly with concentration.
Conformal, structurally integrated antenna with a thin-film solar cell array for flapping-wing robots (2013)

A conformal antenna structurally integrated with a thin-film solar cell array on wings of a flapping robotic platform is presented. The thin-film solar cells operate as a part of radiating elements as well as power generators, leading to size/mass reduction of the antenna/solar cell module. This configuration is possible because as frequency increases, impedance characteristic of a thin-film solar cell gets closer to that of a high junction capacitance and thus the solar cell works as a short circuit with a small phase shift at high frequencies. Impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna under flat or bending conditions are discussed.
Multiagent commitment alignment (2009)

Commitments provide a basis for understanding interactions in multiagent systems. Successful interoperation relies upon the interacting parties being aligned with respect to their commitments. However, alignment is nontrivial in a distributed system where agents communicate asynchronously and make different observations. We propose a formalization for commitments that ensures alignment despite asynchrony. This formalization consists of three elements: (1) a semantics of commitment operations; (2) messaging patterns that implement the commitment operations; and (3) weak constraints on agents' behaviors to ensure the propagation of vital information. We prove that our formalization ensures alignment. We illustrate the generality of our formalization with several real-life scenarios.
Simian AIDS type D serogroup 2 retrovirus: isolation of an infectious molecular clone and sequence analyses of its envelope glycoprotein gene and 3' long terminal repeat (1995)

We describe the molecular cloning of a serogroup 2 simian retrovirus (SRV; D2/RHE/OR) and present the sequence of its envelope (env) glycoprotein gene and 3' long terminal repeat region. This report documents the first infectious molecular clone of a serogroup 2 SRV and provides env sequence verification of genetic diversity among serogroup 2 SRV isolates.
Researches on the time-varying failure rate characteristic for the HVDC protection devices in China Southern Power Grid (2011)

In China Southern Power Grid (CSG), the SIMADYN D (SD) of SIEMENS plays an important role for the HVDC protection system. Based on the field failure data of SD, this paper studies the time-varying failure rate (TFR) characteristic for the protection devices of HVDC in the CSG. According to the concept of TFR, failure mode is divided into two types, one is the aging failure and the other is the random failure. According to the above failure classification, the failure characteristic of different modules is also discussed.
ac response of bipolar double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures (1998)

We have developed an explicit formulation of the total intrinsic admittance of bipolar double-barrier resonant-tunneling structures. The theory includes contributions from the tunneling currents through the barriers and the recombination current, as well as from the charge distribution. We have numerically solved the problem for small ac voltage amplitudes in the framework of linear response. The calculations are fully quantum mechanical in the Hartree approximation. In linear response, and at frequencies below the internal frequency of the system, the susceptance is found to be entirely of a capacitive nature. We have studied both an ordinary bipolar double-barrier resonant-tunneling structure and an optimized resonant-tunneling light emitting diode. We have investigated the frequency dependence of the admittance as well as the dependence on recombination time. In both samples a $\ensuremath{\delta}$-shaped peak in the susceptance is found in the negative differential resistance region. However, the details of the frequency response are found to be closely related to the specific structure under consideration.
The Cost of Treating Caries-Related Complaints at a Children's Hospital Emergency Department. (2018)

Over the 5-year study period, dental visits to this tertiary care pediatric hospital increased. The most common complaint was pain, and the diagnosis for about a third of these cases was abscess. Dental consultation was often included in the management of these patients and the resultant cost of these visits was about Can$600/patient.
WeSearch (2010)

Groups of users often have shared information needs -- for example, business colleagues need to conduct research relating to joint projects and students must work together on group homework assignments. In this paper, we introduce WeSearch, a collaborative Web search system designed to leverage the benefits of tabletop displays for face-to-face collaboration and organization tasks. We describe the design of WeSearch and explain the interactions it affords. We then describe an evaluation in which eleven groups used WeSearch to conduct real collaborative search tasks. Based on our study's findings, we analyze the effectiveness of the features introduced by WeSearch.
Performance Evaluation of Absorber Reactors for Solar Fuel Production (2017)

Waste to energy conversion through thermochemical processing offers a potential option for valorisation of waste biomass, however, it requires external heat supply to process the waste. Solar energy is a promising solution to convert the waste and produce alternative fuels that can replace coal, oil and natural gas for heat and electricity generation. To realize this, the radiation from the sun should be converted to thermal energy. Among the solar concentrators, parabolic dish gives the highest concentration ratio per area in converting the solar energy to heat and electricity. The absorber is the main part of the dish which is placed at the focal point and converts the radiation to thermal energy. In this work, experiments were conducted on stainless steel, copper, ceramic and glass reactors as absorber materials of parabolic dish with aperture diameter 1.8 m coated with aluminium pet as reflective material. The objective of this research was to evaluate solar radiation-absorbing performance of the reactors and design efficient reactor for solar fuel production. Two sets of experiments were conducted. First, each of the reactors was placed at the focal point then the heating rate and maximum temperatures inside the reactors were recorded as a function of radiation intensity using K-type thermocouples. Secondly, each reactor was coated using carbon soot and then the experiment was repeated. Results showed that the coated glass reactor has the best performance in all the absorbers. Of the uncoated reactors, the stainless steel gave best results with stable and uniform temperature distribution inside the reactor. The results can be used as benchmarks for future design and application of the solar thermal technology.
Effective signal to noise ratio performance metric for dispersion-uncompensated links (2015)

We propose a transponder-independent metric that can uniquely describe the performance of dispersion uncompensated links. Derived from OSNR and performance measurements using an available transponder, it can be used for performance prediction of any other transponder on the optical path.