gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytoskeletal Reorganization Dependence of Signaling by the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor (2004)

Activation of classical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) like the mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) typically stimulates heterotrimeric G protein molecules that subsequently activate downstream effectors. Receptor activation of heterotrimeric G protein pathways primarily controls intermediary cell metabolism by elevation or diminution of soluble cytoplasmic second messenger molecules. We have demonstrated here that stimulation of the GnRHR also results in a dramatic change in both cell adhesion and superstructural morphology. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor activation rapidly increases the capacity of HEK293 cells expressing the GnRHR to remain matrix-adherent in the face of fluid insults. Coinciding with this profound elevation in matrix adherence, we demonstrated a GnRH-induced alteration in both cell morphology and the de novo generation of polymerized actin structures. GnRH induction of cytoskeletal remodeling was correlated with significant increases in the tyrosine phosphorylation status of a series of cytoskeletal associated proteins, e.g. focal adhesion kinase (FAK), c-Src, and microtubule-associated protein kinase (MAPK or ERK1/2). The activation of the distal downstream effector ERK1/2 was demonstrated to be sensitive to the disrupters of cytoskeletal rearrangement, cytochalasin D and latrunculin B. In addition to the sensitivity of ERKs to cytoskeletal integrity, GnRH-induced FAK and c-Src kinase activation were sensitive to these agents and the fibronectin-integrin antagonistic RGDS peptide. Activation of ERK was dependent on its protein-protein assembly with FAK and c-Src at focal adhesion complexes. Induction of the cell remodeling event leading to this signaling complex assembly occurred primarily via GnRHR activation of the monomeric G protein Rac but not RhoA. These findings demonstrated a clear divergence of GnRHR signaling via the Rac monomeric G protein focal adhesion signaling complex assembly and cytoskeletal remodeling independent of the classical heterotrimeric G protein-controlled phospholipase C-beta pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface Synthesis of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles on Silica Microspheres: Sonochemical Preparation, Characterization, and Optical Properties. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Systems-Level Investigation of Aqueous Batteries for Understanding the Benefit of Water-in-Salt Electrolyte By Synchrotron Nano-Imaging (2020)

The concept of “Water-in-salt” (WIS) electrolyte enabled the application of higher voltage aqueous battery, overcoming the limitation of the narrow voltage window of water (~1.23V) for better safety and environmental sustainability. Recent work in the field has been exploring the electrochemical performance of batteries using WIS electrolytes with different electrode couples as well as the intrinsic electrochemistry and physical chemistry properties of WIS electrolytes. In this work, LiV 3 O 8 anode and LiMn 2 O 4 cathode for aqueous Li-ion batteries are coupled to investigate the mechanism by which WIS electrolyte improves the cycling stability at an extended voltage window. The study probed the morphological evolution of the active electrode particles as a function of the electrochemistry. While delaying the water decomposition process, the WIS electrolyte improves the cycling stability of the battery by suppressing the mechanical damage to the electrode network and dissolution of the electrode particles through the operando observation under synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy on the LiMn 2 O 4 cathode. As the viscosity of WIS is significantly higher, the reaction heterogeneity of the electrodes cycled with WIS electrolyte is quantified with X-ray absorption spectroscopic imaging, visualizing for the first time the kinetic limitations of the WIS electrolyte. This work furthers the mechanistic understanding of electrode – WIS aqueous electrolyte interactions and paves the way to explore the strategy to mitigate their possible kinetic limitations in 3D architectures. Figure 1
A Morphological Study of a Semicrystalline Poly(l-lactic acid-b-ethylene oxide-b-l-lactic acid) Triblock Copolymer (2004)

Poly(l-lactic acid-b-ethylene oxide-b-l-lactic acid) (PLLA-b-PEO-b-PLLA) triblock copolymers were synthesized by a ring-opening polymerization. PLLA and PEO sequentially crystallized by slowly cooling (−2 °C/min) from the melt. In the resultant spherulitic morphology, the retardation of polarized light was additive, and the sign of the spherulite (negative) was preserved when the PEO crystallized within the framework established by the PLLA crystals. Homopolymer blends of PLLA and PEO having the same composition as the block copolymer showed similar optical behavior. However, the change in the optical retardation upon crystallization of the PEO was much greater for the triblock copolymer than for the blend. Upon heating, the small-angle X-ray scattering from both the triblock copolymer and homopolymer mixture showed a stepwise increase in the long period at ∼60 °C, i.e., when the PEO crystals melted. For comparable volume fractions (φPLLA = 0.57), the increase in long period was greater for the triblock copolymer than for the blend. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction studies on shear aligned triblock copolymers indicate that the PLLA and PEO crystals adopt the same average orientation; though, in the case of the copolymer, the orientation is more strongly coupled.
Improved Newton-type algorithm for adaptive implementation of Pisarenko's harmonic retrieval method and its convergence analysis (1994)

Pisarenko's harmonic retrieval (PHR) method is probably the first eigenstructure based algorithm for estimating the frequencies of sinusoids corrupted by additive white noise. To develop an adaptive implementation of the PHR method, one group of authors has proposed a least-squares type recursive algorithm. In their algorithm, they made approximations for both gradient and Hessian. The authors derive an improved algorithm, where they use exact gradient and a different approximation for the Hessian and analyze its convergence rigorously. Specifically, they provide a proof for the local convergence and detailed arguments supporting the local instability of undesired stationary points. Computer simulations are used to verify the convergence performance of the new algorithm. Its performance is substantially better than that exhibited by its counterpart, especially at low SNR's.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Current-voltage characteristics and space-charge effects in semiconductor electron-wave filter/emitters (1990)

Starting from fundamental principles, the quantitative analogies between electron waves in semiconductors and electromagnetic waves in dielectrics have been developed. 1 A voltage-biased semiconductor superlattice structure that can serve simultaneously as an electron filter and a tunable emitter has recently been proposed. 2 The current-voltage (I–V) and transmission characteristics of these structures are analyzed by means of a nonself-consistent (NSC) and a self-consistent (SC) calculation. For the NSC calculation, only the Schrodinger equation is solved, but for the SC calculation both the Schrodinger and Poisson equations are solved iteratively. 3 The approach of Esaki et al 4 . is used for the computation of the I–V characteristics. It is shown that for low-to-medium Fermi energies, the effect of the space-charge on the filter/emitteroperation is small and results in a shift of the I–V and transmission characteristics toward higher bias voltages. Examples of Ga 1-x Al x As filter/emitters are presented. Resonant filter/emitters with a current peak-to-valley ratio of ~50, as well as nonresonant devices, are analyzed. Charge-density distributions are presented. Superlattice electron filters/emitters can be used as high-speed switches and oscillators and as monoenergetic emitters in electroluminescent devices and photodetectors.
Reentry in a model of myocardium with fractal uncoupling (2003)

An attempt was made to test the hypothesis that in a model of the myocardium, the greater the degree of heterogeneous cell-to-cell uncoupling, the greater the likelihood of reentry. The authors modeled a sheet of myocardium with a 128*128 grid of resistively coupled cells exhibiting modified FitzHugh-Nagumo kinetics. The diffusion coefficients, inversely related to coupling resistivity, were assigned to produce a mottled, fractal pattern using a recursive algorithm operating across size scales. Each fractal tissue was then subjected to the same type of periodic pacing at small areas and from different locations. In a series of experiments, a direct relationship was found between the degree of heterogeneous uncoupling and the propensity for reentry. In addition, it was noted that there must be a critical amount of geometric clumpiness for reentry to occur. Reentrant waves were found to wander locally rather than circulate about a stationary point.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cell-wall dyes interfere with Cryptococcus neoformans melanin deposition (2018)

Melanization is an intrinsic characteristic of many fungal species, but details of this process are poorly understood because melanins are notoriously difficult pigments to study. While studying the binding of cell-wall dyes, Eosin Y or Uvitex, to melanized and non-melanized Cryptococcus neoformans cells we noted that melanization leads to reduced fluorescence intensity, suggesting that melanin interfered with dye binding to the cell wall. The growth of C. neoformans in melanizing conditions with either of the cell-wall dyes resulted in an increase in supernatant-associated melanin, consistent with blockage of melanin attachment to the cell wall. This effect provided the opportunity to characterize melanin released into culture supernatants. Released melanin particles appeared mostly as networked structures having dimensions consistent with previously described extracellular vesicles. Hence, dye binding to the cell wall created conditions that resembled the 'leaky melanin' phenotype described for certain cell-wall mutants. In agreement with earlier studies on fungal melanins biosynthesis, our observations are supportive of a model whereby C. neoformans melanization proceeds by the attachment of melanin nanoparticles to the cell wall through chitin, chitosan, and various glucans.
H224 3D Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis in a Micro Loop Heat Pipe with a New Evaporator Structure (2015)

A loop heat pipe (LHP) is heat transfer devices whose operation principle is based on the evaporation and condensation of working fluid, and use the capillary forces to ensure the fluid circulation. In this study, we proposed a new flat evaporator structure and micro LHP with the evaporator thickness of 3mm was designed, fabricated and tested. And we present the three-dimension mathematical model of a flat evaporator of a micro-LHP which takes into account the structural peculiarities of the evaporator and the specific character of a one side heat load supply. The computational results from the mathematical model were compared with experimental data; there was good agreement between predicted and measured temperature distributions.
Investigation of the Corrosion Mechanism and Determination of the EMS Estimated Service Life at Site 81 (2013)

Special Report
Synthesis of a gable bis-porphyrin linked with a bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene ring and its conversion into a conjugated planar bis-porphyrin (2001)

A soluble porphyrin dimer linked with bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene was converted into insoluble conjugated porphyrin dimer by heating at 200 °C, this provides a new strategy for the process control of conjugated porphyrins.
Water versus Oil Lubrication of Laser-Textured Ti6Al4V Alloy upon Addition of MoS2 Nanotubes for Green Tribology (2022)

A Nd-YAG laser was used for texturing the Ti6Al4V surface with dimples of diameter 50 and 100 µm and centre-to-centre distance 100, 200 and 400 µm, defining the surface texture density. The tribological evaluation was conducted to analyse and compare the behaviour of un-textured and laser-textured samples under water in comparison to oil (PAO6) lubrication without and with the addition of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanotubes into the lubricant. MoS<sub>2</sub> nanotubes had a positive effect on friction in both media for laser-textured Ti6Al4V. Evaluation of friction and wear in water and PAO6 showed a comparable tribological response in water to oil for specific laser-textured configurations, proving the novel concept of green tribology for laser texturing in combination with MoS<sub>2</sub> nanotubes/water lubrication.
TEST REPORT #21: Compressor Calorimeter Test of R-404A Alternatives ARM-31a, D2Y-65, L-40, and R32/ R-134a (50/50) (2013)

As a contribution to the AHRI Low-GWP Alternative Refrigerants Evaluation Program (AREP), this study compares the performance of four lower-GWP alternative refrigerants, ARM-31a, D2Y-65, L-40, and R-32 + R-134a mixture, to that of refrigerant R-404A (baseline) in a scroll compressor designed for medium temperature refrigeration applications. These comparisons were carried out via compressor calorimeter tests performed on a compressor designed for refrigerant R-404A and having a nominal rated capacity of 23,500 Btu/hr. Tests were conducted over a suction dew point temperature range of -10°F to 35°F in 5°F increments and a discharge dew point temperature range of 70°F to 140°F in 10°F increments. All the tests were performed with 20°F superheat, 40°F superheat, and 65°F suction temperature. A liquid subcooling level of 10°F to 15°F was maintained for all the test conditions. However, the cooling capacities reported in this study are normalized for 0°F subcooling. The tests showed that the compressor energy efficiency ratio (EER) and cooling capacity with all four alternative refrigerants tested are higher at higher saturation suction and saturation discharge temperature and lower at lower saturation suction and saturation discharge temperature, compared to that of R-404A. Discharge temperatures of all the alternative refrigerants were higher than that of R-404A at all test conditions.
Feature-scale model of Si etching in SF6 plasma and comparison with experiments (2004)

We have developed a semiempirical feature scale model of Si etching in SF6 plasma, which incorporates the addition of small amounts of O in the discharge coming from the etching of the oxide mask and quartz window. The degrees of freedom in the model are reduced by using information from plasma diagnostics and previously published data to estimate the ion flux, the ion energy and angle distributions, and the relative F and O fluxes. Experimentally inaccessible parameters such as the F sticking coefficient, chemical etch rate constant, and the ion-enhanced etch yield are determined by matching simulated feature profiles with those obtained from carefully designed etching experiments. Excellent agreement between experiments and simulations is obtained.
History dependent domain structures in giant-magnetoresistive multilayers (1995)

Resistance noise measurements of several types reveal the field history dependence of domain structure in sputtered Co/Cu multilayers. We find many smaller domains as the field is decreased from saturation towards zero, but as the field changes sign and is increased in the opposite direction we observe a smaller number of larger domains. Cycling the field without changing its sign preserves the smaller domains, strongly reducing the Barkhausen noise. Discrete fluctuations in resistance due to individual domains yield domain size estimates.
Frozen Acrylamide Gels as Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Matrices (2017)

Aqueous acrylamide gels can be used to provide dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR signal enhancements of around 200 at 9.4 T and 100 K. The enhancements are shown to increase with crosslinker concentration and low concentrations of the AMUPol biradical. This DNP matrix can be used in situations where conventional incipient wetness methods fail, such as to obtain DNP surface enhanced NMR spectra from inorganic nanoparticles. In particular, we obtain <sup>113</sup> Cd spectra from CdTe-COOH NPs in minutes. The spectra clearly indicate a highly disordered cadmium-rich surface.
Modeling HIV-1 neuropathogenesis using three-dimensional human brain organoids (hBORGs) with HIV-1 infected microglia (2020)

HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is characterized by neuroinflammation and glial activation that, together with the release of viral proteins, trigger a pathogenic cascade resulting in synaptodendritic damage and neurodegeneration that lead to cognitive impairment. However, the molecular events underlying HIV neuropathogenesis remain elusive, mainly due to lack of brain-representative experimental systems to study HIV-CNS pathology. To fill this gap, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) human brain organoid (hBORG) model containing major cell types important for HIV-1 neuropathogenesis; neurons and astrocytes along with incorporation of HIV-infected microglia. Both infected and uninfected microglia infiltrated into hBORGs resulting in a triculture system (MG-hBORG) that mirrors the multicellular network observed in HIV-infected human brain. Moreover, the MG-hBORG model supported productive viral infection and exhibited increased inflammatory response by HIV-infected MG-hBORGs, releasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1β) and thereby mimicking the chronic neuroinflammatory environment observed in HIV-infected individuals. This model offers great promise for basic understanding of how HIV-1 infection alters the CNS compartment and induces pathological changes, paving the way for discovery of biomarkers and new therapeutic targets.
Effects of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine on mitochondrial function in ischemic–reperfused heart (2003)

These results suggest that both attenuation of sodium overload and preservation of the mitochondrial function may largely contribute to cardioprotection of MPG in the ischemic-reperfused heart.
Auranofin accelerates spermidine-induced apoptosis via reactive oxygen species generation and suppression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (2023)

Auranofin is a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-arthritis medication that functions as a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor. Spermidine, a polyamine present in marine algae, can exert various physiological functions. Herein, we examined the synergistic anticancer activity of auranofin and spermidine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Combined treatment with auranofin and spermidine suppressed cell viability more efficiently than either treatment alone in HCC Hep3B cells. The isobologram plotted by calculating the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of each drug indicated that the two drugs exhibited a synergistic effect. Based on the analysis of annexin V and cell cycle distribution, auranofin and spermidine markedly induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells. Moreover, auranofin and spermidine increased mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss. Auranofin and spermidine significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Hep3B cells, and the blocking ROS suppressed apoptosis induced by spermidine and auranofin. In addition, auranofin and spermidine reduced the expression of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), and PI3K inhibitor accelerated auranofin- and spermidine-induced apoptosis. Using ROS scavenger and PI3K inhibitor, we revealed that ROS acts upstream of auranofin- and spermidine-induced apoptosis. Collectively, our study suggests that combination treatment with auranofin and spermidine could afford synergistic anticancer activity via ROS overproduction and reduced PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
DNA: Gels, Paper, and Columns (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Gel Electrophoresis and the Rockefeller Foundation, Finding the Transforming Principle, Gel Electrophoresis and Ultracentrifugation, The Chargaff Rule and Chromatography, Sanger Insulin Sequence, Gel Electrophoresis and Chromatography
Synthesis of Haloperidol Ethanedithioketal HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Magnesium Chloride Facilitated Addition of Grignard Reagents (1993)

Haloperidol ketals and ethanedithioketals of interest as HIV-1 protease inhibitors were synthesized by addition of organolithium and organomagnesium reagents to ketone precursors already containing the ketal or thioketal functionality. Addition of Grignard reagents to the thioketal containing ketone was enhanced remarkably, and to the ketal containing ketone moderately, by the addition of magnesium chloride. The effect of magnesium chloride is attributed to its ability to competitively prevent chelation of the Grignard reagent and proton abstraction from the 4-oxopiperidine ring. The biological activities of the ketals and thioketals indicate that the thioketal function conveys greater ability to inhibit the HIV-1 protease than the ketal function.
Morbidity of Iliac Crest Bone Graft Harvesting in Adolescent Deformity Surgery (2005)

The iliac crest as a source of bone graft has remained popular and continues to be the standard source of bone graft material in spinal arthrodesis surgery. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the frequency and severity of posterior iliac crest bone graft harvest site pain associated with adolescent spinal deformity correction procedures. Patients were evaluated prospectively at a minimum of 1 year after a spinal fusion procedure for idiopathic scoliosis or kyphosis. Patients were asked to quantify the pain level at their harvest site over the previous month based on a 0-to-10 numeric rating scale. Data were collected on 71 patients: 60 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and 11 with Scheuermann's kyphosis. There was no gender difference noted, with 1 of the 10 boys (10%) and 6 of the 61 girls (10%) reporting postoperative pain. Seven of 60 patients with scoliosis reported pain (12%), whereas none of the patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis reported pain. None reported a pain level greater than 3 of 10 or any effect on activity level. This series shows that iliac crest bone graft harvest site pain is absent in most patients (90%) and of limited severity in those who reported pain (score <or=3), suggesting that the postoperative morbidity associated with autograft use is minimal in adolescent patients.
This Month in Investigative Urology (2006)

No AccessJournal of UrologyThis month in investigative urology1 Jan 2007This Month in Investigative Urology Anthony Atala Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.09.105AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "This Month in Investigative Urology." The Journal of Urology, 177(1), pp. 7–8 © 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 1January 2007Page: 7-8 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...