gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin crossover transition in the cluster compoundsNb6I11and HNb6I11 (1981)

Our specific-heat measurements in ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{6}$${\mathrm{I}}_{11}$ indicate a phase transition (PT) at 274 K. Independent x-ray studies confirm that at ${T}_{c}$ a structural phase transition occurs. In H${\mathrm{Nb}}_{6}$${\mathrm{I}}_{11}$ the equivalent PT occurs at 324 K. The magnetic-susceptibility measurements indicate that the electronic ground-state degeneracy of the cluster is reduced by the PT, going from a high-temperature quartet to a doublet for ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{6}$${\mathrm{I}}_{11}$, and from a high-temperature triplet to a singlet for H${\mathrm{Nb}}_{6}$${\mathrm{I}}_{11}$. Independent band-structure calculations suggest that, in distinction to the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect, the ground-level degeneracy is removed here by the crossing of the electronic levels which start to move with the onset of the structural deformation. The mean-field theory for the susceptibility of a two-level-model system is presented here and fitted to the experiment.
Defibrillators (2016)

Advances in the field of defibrillation have brought to practice different types of devices that include the transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy, the subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD), and the wearable cardioverter-defibrillator. To ensure optimal use of these devices and to achieve best patient outcomes, clinicians need to understand how these devices work, learn the characteristics of patients who qualify them for one type of device versus another, and recognize the remaining gaps in knowledge surrounding these devices. The transvenous ICD has been shown in several randomized clinical trials to improve the survival of patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular fibrillation and those with sustained ventricular tachycardia with syncope or systolic heart failure as a result of ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy despite receiving guideline-directed medical therapy. Important gaps in knowledge regarding the transvenous ICD involve the role of the ICD in patient subgroups not included, or not well represented, in clinical trials and the need to refine the selection criteria for the ICD in patients who are indicated for it. S-ICDs were recently introduced into the clinical arena as another option for many patients who have an approved indication for a transvenous ICD. The main advantage of the S-ICD is a lower risk of infection and lead-related complications; however, the S-ICD does not offer bradycardia or antitachycardia pacing. The S-ICD may be ideal for patients with limited vascular access, high infection risk, or some congenital heart diseases. However, more data are needed regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of the S-ICD in comparison to transvenous ICDs, the extent of defibrillation testing required, and the use of the S-ICD with other novel technologies, including leadless pacemakers. Cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators are indicated in patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, QRS width ≥130 ms, and New York Heart Association class II, III, or ambulatory IV symptoms despite treatment with guideline-directed medical therapy. Multiple randomized controlled trials have shown that the cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator improves survival, quality of life, and several echocardiographic measures. One main challenge related to cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillators is the 30% nonresponse rate. Many initiatives are underway to address this challenge including improved cardiac resynchronization therapy and imaging technologies and enhanced selection of patients and device programming.
Characterization and Activity of Ferric-Sulfide-Based Catalyst in Model Reactions of Direct Coal Liquefaction:  Effect of Preparation Conditions (1997)

We have studied the activity of various ferric-sulfide-based catalysts in model hydrogenation and cracking reactions under conditions typical of direct coal liquefaction (DCL). The catalysts used were mixtures of FeS2 (pyrite, PY) and nonstoichiometric FeSx (pyrrhotite, PH) obtained by high-temperature disproportionation of ferric sulfide in a nitrogen atmosphere or a hydrogen atmosphere. The structural changes in the catalyst were also examined, both before and after the model reactions. The cracking functionality of the catalysts was studied by using cumene, and the hydrocracking functionality was studied by using diphenylmethane. Phenanthrene was used as a model compound for hydrogenation and hydrogen shuttling. Phenanthrene hydrogenation was studied in the presence of H2(g), and hydrogen shuttling was studied when a hydrogen donor (tetralin) was present in the absence of H2(g). All the model reactions were performed under conditions typical of DCL: 400 °C and 1000 psig for 30 min. The surface and bulk of the catalysts were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The performance of the catalysts was found to vary with the type of reaction, the initial ratio of FeSx to FeS2 (PH/PY) found in the catalyst, and the catalyst age. Catalysts freshly prepared in a nitrogen atmosphere were most active for model hydrogenation and hydrocracking runs. Catalysts freshly prepared in hydrogen were most active in shuttling. In all cases, catalytic cracking was negligible. Aging was found to reduce the activity of the catalyst. After the exposure of the catalyst to H2(g) at 375 °C, the ratio PH/PY increased, but only limited changes in the PH/PY ratio were noted in a helium atmosphere. The surface uniformity of the catalyst was reduced after the catalyst reacted in H2(g) or He(g). A simple model was developed to explain these changes in the surface and bulk of the catalysts. The model incorporates the hydrogenation of PY to PH and the removal of elemental S to form H2S. The further interaction of H2S with the catalyst surface makes it nonuniform, with S-deficient and S-rich sites. In the absence of hydrogen, surface reconstruction involves elemental S (from the disproportionation of the ferric sulfide) interacting with PH to form PH with a larger value of x, or PY in the limit.
Eddy-Current Loss Minimization in Conducting Sleeves of Surface PM Machine Rotors With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Armature Windings by Optimal Axial Segmentation and Copper Cladding (2009)

When a nonmagnetic high-strength metallic retaining sleeve offers advantages over a nonmetallic (e.g., carbon fiber) one, it is possible to consider the application of a high-conductivity shield ldquocoatingrdquo on this sleeve to reduce the surface eddy-current losses due to nonsynchronous fields. One can start by using a Maxwell's equation-based analytical model to ldquoscreenrdquo for the optimal shield thickness and then employ a ldquo2.5 Drdquo finite-element method that accounts for periodic fields and finite rotor length, including axial segmentation and/or copper cladding. These are quantified to help design a low-loss rotor sleeve for a surface permanent-magnet machine with fractional-slot concentrated armature winding. With this type of winding, the sleeve losses can be significant due to its rich (read parasitic) asynchronous harmonic armature reaction MMF content.
PERFORMANCE OF A LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH LAMINATED TRACK POLES AND WITH VARIOUS MISALIGNMENTS. PHASE I-VOLUME 1 (1980)

A test facility was designed and built to measure the performance of a single-sided high speed homopolar Linear Synchronous Motor with laminated pole pieces over a wide range of frequency and excitation levels. The facility was instrumented to measure performance at the machine terminals, flux density in the air gap, lateral, pitch, roll, and yaw. Equivalent circuit parameters and flux form coefficients were measured and compared to design values. Poor correlation forced a revision of the design programs. The modeling of the finite interpolar gap and interpolar leakage flux led to good agreement between test and revised design values. The test data show a high power factor, the absence of end effects, and a strong tendency of the machine to remain properly aligned relative to the track, with the exception of a destabilizing pitch torque.
Potential of Soluble Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering – Comparison of Various Mesenchymal Tissues (2020)

In this study, soluble decellularized ECMs exhibited differences based on their tissue of origin and the present results are important going forward in the field of musculoskeletal regeneration therapy.
Interpretation of Unusual Absorption Bandwidths and Resonance Raman Intensities in (2013)

Excited state mixed valence (ESMV) occurs in molecules in which the ground state has a symmetrical charge distribution but the excited state possesses two or more interchangeably equivalent sites that have different formal oxidation states. Although mixed valence excited states are relatively common in both organic and inorganic molecules, their properties have only recently been explored, primarily because their spectroscopic features are usually overlapped or obscured by other transitions in the molecule. The mixed valence excited
state absorption bands of 2,3-di-p-anisyl-2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane radical cation are well-separated from others in the absorption spectrum and are particularly well-suited for detailed analysis using the ESMV model. Excited state coupling splits the absorption band into two components. The lower energy component is broader and more intense than the higher energy component. The absorption bandwidths are caused by progressions in totally symmetric modes, and the difference in bandwidths is caused by the coordinate dependence of the excited state coupling. The Raman intensities obtained in resonance with the high and low energy components differ significantly from those expected based on the oscillator strengths of the bands. This unexpected
observation is a result of the excited state coupling and is explained by both the averaging of the transition dipole moment orientation over all angles for the two types of spectroscopies and the coordinate-dependent coupling. The absorption spectrum is fit using a coupled two-state model in which both symmetric and asymmetric coordinates are included. The physical meaning of the observed resonance Raman intensity trends is discussed along with the origin of the coordinate-dependent coupling. The well-separated mixed valence
excited state spectroscopic components enable detailed electronic and resonance Raman data to be obtained from which the model can be more fully developed and tested.
The Challenges of Trigger Ablation for Ventricular Fibrillation (2014)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Rosmarinus officinalis L. Leaf Extracts and Their Metabolites Inhibit the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation In Vitro and in Human Keratinocytes: Potential Impact on Inflammatory Skin Diseases and Skin Cancer (2022)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by environmental agents and microbial metabolites is potentially implicated in a series of skin diseases. Hence, it would be very important to identify natural compounds that could inhibit the AhR activation by ligands of microbial origin as 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), indirubin (IND) and pityriazepin (PZ) or the prototype ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD). Five different dry <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. extracts (ROEs) were assayed for their activities as antagonists of AhR ligand binding with guinea pig cytosol in the presence of [<sup>3</sup>H]TCDD. The methanolic ROE was further assayed towards CYP1A1 mRNA induction using RT-PCR in human keratinocytes against TCDD, FICZ, PZ, and IND. The isolated metabolites, carnosic acid, carnosol, 7-<i>O</i>-methyl-<i>epi</i>-rosmanol, 4',7-<i>O</i>-dimethylapigenin, and betulinic acid, were assayed for their agonist and antagonist activity in the presence and absence of TCDD using the gel retardation assay (GRA). All assayed ROE extracts showed similar dose-dependent activities with almost complete inhibition of AhR activation by TCDD at 100 ppm. The methanol ROE at 10 ppm showed 99%, 50%, 90%, and 85% inhibition against TCDD, FICZ, IND, and PZ, respectively, in human keratinocytes. Most assayed metabolites exhibited dose-dependent antagonist activity. ROEs inhibit AhR activation by TCDD and by the <i>Malassezia</i> metabolites FICZ, PZ, and IND. Hence, ROE could be useful for the prevention or treatment of skin diseases mediated by activation of AhR.
Selective multistage extraction process of biomolecules from vine shoots by a combination of biological, chemical, and physical treatments (2018)

A multistep extraction process was proposed to recover polyphenols, reducing sugars, and soluble lignin from vine shoots. A physical pretreatment by high voltage electrical discharges (HVED) was followed by an enzymatic hydrolysis and a final delignification step by alkaline hydrolysis. HVED before enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced the extraction of polyphenols (+72%), reducing sugars (+43%), and soluble lignin (+104%) as compared to control experiments (enzymatic hydrolysis). HVED also reinforced the subsequent delignification process by reducing 10% lignin content in exhausted residues. Identification and quantification of ferulic acid, resveratrol, p -coumaric acid, and hydroxybenzoic acid were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography.
The Mathematical Model of a Procedure for Percutaneous Annuloplasty (2010)

Existing mathematical models of the mitral valve allow the simulation of ring open-heart annuloplasty procedures intended to reduce the lumen of the valve. Using these models, only a posteriori effects can be predicted. With the advent of novel percutaneous annuloplasty approaches, there is a need to describe a priori effects; in particular, this paper focuses on a technique which consists of sequentially installing interconnected anchors around the mitral annulus, whose lumen is reduced by the tightening of the tethered wire. We develop here a static mathematical model of the mitral annulus that takes into account the mechanical response of its tissue and the surrounding muscular tissue. A number of roughly coplanar points corresponding to anchor positions, at about equal distantes, are identified on the annulus. Each of these points is then attached to a linearly elastic spring of a given stiffness, The spring-end is connected to a fixed pinned support, the other end supporting the wire, that forms a loop. With this model we estimate the anchor-points position vectors after lumen reduction and the wire tension that is needed to reduce the perimeter of the polygon defined by the anchor points to a given value, which, for each patient, is related to the desired lumen. This formulation leads to the minimization of the potential energy of the mechanical system over the position vectors of the anchor points after tightening, which are the design variables. These are found by solving the first-order normality conditions of the equality-constrained optimization problem. Preliminary experimental data obtained on cadaveric swine hearts validate the model: it can be used to predict, for a given perimeter size reduction, the wire tension as well as the anchor position after repair.
Fluctuations in intracellular calcium responses to action potentials in single en passage presynaptic boutons of layer V neurons in neocortical slices. (1996)

The release of neurotransmitter from a nerve terminal on invasion by an action potential shows large trial-to-trial fluctuations. The factors contributing to this variability have not been elucidated clearly. Here, simultaneous patch-clamp and optical measurements from layer V neocortical pyramidal neurons have been used to assess the extent to which the fluctuations in transmitter release may be caused by variability in calcium rise in presynaptic structures. Boutons on axon collaterals were visualized and increases in intracellular calcium, assessed by Fura-2, were observed in response to single action potentials. In some boutons, calcium responses showed trial-to-trial variability and occasional apparent failures despite the faithful conduction of the action potential. These results suggest that a factor contributing to the fluctuation in transmitter release may be the variability with which depolarization of a presynaptic bouton produces an increase in intrabouton calcium.
Application of integrated electronics to ultrasonic medical instruments (1979)

During the past decade, ultrasonic medical diagnostic instruments have advanced significantly as a result of the resourceful application of electronic-system and acoustic-transducer designs to the problem of noninvasive information acquisition from clinical patients. These advancements are reviewed, with emphasis on the electronic technology by which they were achieved. Current instruments that enable imaging through real-time scanning and gray-scale display are described. It is predicted that future ultrasonic diagnostic instruments will be based on increasingly sophisticated integrated electronic technology that should greatly enhance the imaging performance of these systems; it should also provide the foundation for ultrasonic imaging instruments that will extend the state of the art in quantitative analysis and diagnosis through doppler processing. This growing technology most likely will include 1) high-current DMOS multiplexer transmit/ receive switches, 2) precision preamplifier array circuits, 3) advanced beamsteer/focus delay lines, 4) multielement integrated transducer arrays, and 5) Doppler-processing integrated circuits.
Successful multilineage engraftment of human cord blood cells in pigs after in utero transplantation (2003)

These data indicate an engraftment of human HSPCs in pig BM. In utero transplantation of human HSPCs into a preimmune pig fetus is useful to establish a pig reproducing human hematopoiesis.
38.2: Invited Paper: Enabling High Resolution Photopatternable Quantum Dot Downconverters (2022)

Quantum Dot downconverters can provide a scalable solution to tri‐color high‐resolution microLED and OLED displays by converting monochrome displays using photopatternable red and green QDs. Using internal measurements collected at NanoPattern Technologies, Inc. we model and discuss the practical wall plug efficiencies for downconverted InGaN blue microLED displays. In the range of 5 μm pixel sizes, using uncorrected 65 % film PLQY, the downconverted InGaN red emitter achieves a comparable external quantum efficiency compared to a direct red emitting AlInGaP when compared at practical current densities for microLED drivers.
Extraction of effective parameters in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2017)

Formerly known as the gap in the electromagnetic spectrum, the terahertz technology is being developed in several fields of science. A terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system will be presented and used to obtain transmission spectra of organic samples. This work proposes the implementation of an algorithm able to extract effective optical parameters of the analyzed samples in terahertz and also their thickness, using only the transmittance as experimental data. Lactose samples were characterized using the proposed method.
Monitoring microbial sulfate reduction in porous media using multipurpose electrodes (2010)

There is growing interest in the application of electrode‐based measurements for monitoring microbial processes in the Earth using biogeophysical methods. In this study, reactive electrode measurements were combined to electrical geophysical measurements during microbial sulfate reduction occurring in a column of silica beads saturated with natural river water. Electrodic potential (EP), self potential (SP) and complex conductivity signals were recorded using a dual electrode design (Ag/AgCl metal as sensing/EP electrode, Ag/AgCl metal in KCl gel as reference/SP electrode). Open‐circuit potentials, representing the tendency for electrochemical reactions to occur on the electrode surfaces, were recorded between sensing/EP electrode and reference/SP electrode and showed significant spatiotemporal variability associated with microbial activity. The dual electrode design isolates the microbial driven sulfide reactions to the sensing electrode and permits removal of any SP signal from the EP measurement. Based on the known sensitivity of a Ag electrode to dissolved sulfide, we interpret EP signals exceeding 550 mV recorded in this experiment in terms of bisulfide (HS − ) concentration near multiple sensing electrodes. Complex conductivity measurements capture an imaginary conductivity ( σ ″) signal interpreted as the response of microbial growth and biomass formation in the column. Our results suggest that the implementation of multipurpose electrodes, combining reactive measurements with electrical geophysical measurements, could improve efforts to monitor microbial processes in the Earth using electrodes.
Uncertainty-aware Self-training for Few-shot Text Classification (2020)

Recent success of large-scale pre-trained language models crucially hinge on fine-tuning them on large amounts of labeled data for the downstream task, that are typically expensive to acquire. In this work, we study self-training as one of the earliest semi-supervised learning approaches to reduce the annotation bottleneck by making use of large-scale unlabeled data for the target task. Standard self-training mechanism randomly samples instances from the unlabeled pool to pseudo-label and augment labeled data. In this work, we propose an approach to improve self-training by incorporating uncertainty estimates of the underlying neural network leveraging recent advances in Bayesian deep learning. Specifically, we propose (i) acquisition functions to select instances from the unlabeled pool leveraging Monte Carlo (MC) Dropout, and (ii) learning mechanism leveraging model confidence for self-training. As an application, we focus on text classification on five benchmark datasets. We show our uncertainty-aware few-shot self-training method leveraging only 20-30 labeled samples per class for each task can perform within 3% of fully supervised pre-trained language models like BERT fine-tuned on thousands of labeled instances with an aggregate accuracy of 91% and improving by up to 12% over baselines.