gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Image Generation Using Localized Frequency Components Matched to Human Vision (1990)

Abstract : Following a brief tutorial in the general area of image analysis, a formalism is presented for using the generalized Gabor approach to image representation in the combined frequency-position space. This approach uses elementary functions to which the human visual system is particularly sensitive and which are efficient for the analysis and synthesis of visual imagery. Among the topics covered are the complementarity of position and spatial frequency in the Gabor scheme, and the use of an auxiliary function to render the nonorthogonal Gabor elementary functions transformable. The formalism is in particular compatible with the implementation of a variable resolution system wherein image information is nonuniformity distributed across the visual field in accordance with the human visual system's ability to process it. A possible hardware implementation of such a system is described and some potential problems associated with its development are discussed.
Dissolved organic matter in leachate from different treatment processes (2008)

Abstract The main objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from the leachate of different treatment process using the chemical and spectroscopic analysing methods. The humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic (HyI) were isolated and purified by the XAD‐8 resin combined with the cation exchange resin method. The analytical results of fluorescence excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) revealed that the fluorescence peaks were protein‐like fluorescence for equalization basin and discharge of reverse osmosis (RO), while the fluorescence peaks for second sedimentation tank were humic‐like and fulvic‐like fluorescence. Moreover, the results also showed that protein‐like organic matter are readily removed by biological process and HA and FA can be removed by RO process. Elemental analysis indicated that the nitrogen content in these isolated fractions followed: HA&gt;HyI&gt;FA. The information on the characteristics of DOM indicated important role in optimization of leachate treatment processes.
Which transformer architecture fits my data? A vocabulary bottleneck in self-attention (2021)

After their successful debut in natural language processing, Transformer architectures are now becoming the de-facto standard in many domains. An obstacle for their deployment over new modalities is the architectural configuration: the optimal depth-to-width ratio has been shown to dramatically vary across data types (e.g., $10$x larger over images than over language). We theoretically predict the existence of an embedding rank bottleneck that limits the contribution of self-attention width to the Transformer expressivity. We thus directly tie the input vocabulary size and rank to the optimal depth-to-width ratio, since a small vocabulary size or rank dictates an added advantage of depth over width. We empirically demonstrate the existence of this bottleneck and its implications on the depth-to-width interplay of Transformer architectures, linking the architecture variability across domains to the often glossed-over usage of different vocabulary sizes or embedding ranks in different domains. As an additional benefit, our rank bottlenecking framework allows us to identify size redundancies of $25\%-50\%$ in leading NLP models such as ALBERT and T5.
Identification of a cancer stem cell-specific function for the histone deacetylases, HDAC1 and HDAC7, in breast and ovarian cancer (2016)

Tumours are comprised of a highly heterogeneous population of cells, of which only a small subset of stem-like cells possess the ability to regenerate tumours in vivo. These cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a significant clinical challenge as they are resistant to conventional cancer therapies and play essential roles in metastasis and tumour relapse. Despite this realization and great interest in CSCs, it has been difficult to develop CSC-targeted treatments due to our limited understanding of CSC biology. Here, we present evidence that specific histone deacetylases (HDACs) play essential roles in the CSC phenotype. Utilizing a novel CSC model, we discovered that the HDACs, HDAC1 and HDAC7, are specifically over-expressed in CSCs when compared to non-stem-tumour-cells (nsTCs). Furthermore, we determine that HDAC1 and HDAC7 are necessary to maintain CSCs, and that over-expression of HDAC7 is sufficient to augment the CSC phenotype. We also demonstrate that clinically available HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) targeting HDAC1 and HDAC7 can be used to preferentially target CSCs. These results provide actionable insights that can be rapidly translated into CSC-specific therapies.
Confirmation of a Trimeric Subunit Arrangement for 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic Aldolase Using X-ray Crystallographic Methods (1973)

Abstract 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase of Pseudomonas putida crystallizes from ammonium sulfate at pH 3.5 in the cubic system with unit cell dimensions of 103.1 ± 0.2 A in the space group P213 which has 12 equivalent positions. From variable equilibrium density measurements and the salt-free density determination, the molecular weight per unit cell was calculated to be 326,000 or 27,200 ± 2,000 per asymmetric unit, in good agreement with other chemical and physical data. Consideration of the mass per asymmetric unit, the symmetry elements of P213, and the results of chemical and physical solution studies suggest that the molecules are assemblages of trimers in the crystal with the subunits related by a 3-fold rotation axis.
Cervicofacial Lymphatic Malformations: A Retrospective Review of 40 Cases (2016)

LM is important to confirm the diagnosis early and to choose an appropriate treatment strategy according to the stage of the disease and each individual patient's symptoms. When treatment is delayed or an incorrect treatment is administered, patient discomfort increases as the lesion gradually spreads. Therefore, more so than is the case for most other diseases, a team approach on a case-by-case basis is important for the accurate and appropriate treatment of LM.
Detecting web attacks with end-to-end deep learning (2019)

Web applications are popular targets for cyber-attacks because they are network-accessible and often contain vulnerabilities. An intrusion detection system monitors web applications and issues alerts when an attack attempt is detected. Existing implementations of intrusion detection systems usually extract features from network packets or string characteristics of input that are manually selected as relevant to attack analysis. Manually selecting features, however, is time-consuming and requires in-depth security domain knowledge. Moreover, large amounts of labeled legitimate and attack request data are needed by supervised learning algorithms to classify normal and abnormal behaviors, which is often expensive and impractical to obtain for production web applications. This paper provides three contributions to the study of autonomic intrusion detection systems. First, we evaluate the feasibility of an unsupervised/semi-supervised approach for web attack detection based on the Robust Software Modeling Tool (RSMT), which autonomically monitors and characterizes the runtime behavior of web applications. Second, we describe how RSMT trains a stacked denoising autoencoder to encode and reconstruct the call graph for end-to-end deep learning, where a low-dimensional representation of the raw features with unlabeled request data is used to recognize anomalies by computing the reconstruction error of the request data. Third, we analyze the results of empirically testing RSMT on both synthetic datasets and production applications with intentional vulnerabilities. Our results show that the proposed approach can efficiently and accurately detect attacks, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and deserialization, with minimal domain knowledge and little labeled training data.
Effects of Pruning and Bark Ringing on Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Crabapple (1992)

To assess the effects of pruning and bark ringing (girdling) on total nonstructural carbohydrates, Sargent crabapple {Malus sargentii) seedlings were subjected to six pruning and/or bark ringing treatments as follows: 50% top (stem) pruning, 50% top pruning plus bark ringing (girdling), 50% root pruning, 50% root pruning plus bark ringing, bark ringing alone and controls. All pruning was performed by length (root-stem collar to terminal bud) and the ringing conducted by removal of a 5 mm strip of bark from the root-stem collar. During the 38 day growth period, seedlings were assayed for total nonstructural carbohydrates in the stems, leaves and roots. Roots in bark ringed seedlings were lower in carbohydrates than in non-bark-ringed seedlings.
Neutron Imaging of Lithium Concentration in LFP Pouch Cell Battery (2011)

This paper shows how neutron radiography can be used for in situ quantification of the lithium concentration across battery electrodes, a critical physical system state. The change in lithium concentration between the charged and discharged states of the battery causes a change in number of detected neutrons after passing through the battery. Electrode swelling is also observed during battery charging. The experimental setup and the observations from testing a pouch cell with LFP cathode and graphite anode are reported here. The bulk Li concentration across the electrode and folds of the pouch cell is quantified at various states of charge. To interpret the measurements, the optics of the neutron beam (geometric unsharpness) and detector resolution are considered in order to quantify the lithium concentration from the images due to the thinness of the electrode layers. The experimental methodology provides a basis for comprehensive in situ metrology of bulk lithium concentration.
Search for the doubly charmed baryon $ \Xi_{cc}^{+} $ (2013)

A bstract A search for the doubly charmed baryon $ \Xi_{cc}^{+} $ in the decay mode $ \Xi_{cc}^{+}\to \Lambda_c^{+}{K^{-}}{\pi^{+}} $ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.65 fb −1 , of pp collisions recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. No significant signal is found in the mass range 3300-3800 MeV /c 2 . Upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the ratio of the $ \Xi_{cc}^{+} $ production cross-section times branching fraction to that of the $ \Lambda_c^{+} $ , R , are given as a function of the $ \Xi_{cc}^{+} $ mass and lifetime. The largest upper limits range from R &lt; 1.5 × 10 − 2 for a lifetime of 100 fs to R &lt; 3 . 9 × 10 −4 for a lifetime of 400 fs.
Trap depth optimization to improve optical properties of diopside-based nanophosphors for medical imaging (2012)

Regarding its ability to circumvent the autofluorescence signal, persistent luminescence was recently shown to be a powerful tool for in vivo imaging and diagnosis applications in living animal. The concept was introduced with lanthanide-doped persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNP), from a lanthanide-doped silicate host Ca<sub>0.2</sub>Zn<sub>0.9</sub>Mg<sub>0.9</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> emitting in the near-infrared window. In order to improve the behaviour of these probes in vivo and favour diagnosis applications, we showed that biodistribution could be controlled by varying the hydrodynamic diameter, but also the surface charges and functional groups. Stealth PLNP, with neutral surface charge obtained by polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating, can circulate for longer time inside the mice body before being uptaken by the reticulo-endothelial system. However, the main drawback of this first generation of PLNP was the inability to witness long-term monitoring, mainly due to the decay kinetic after several decades of minutes, unveiling the need to work on new materials with improved optical characteristics. We investigated a modified silicate host, diopside CaMgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, and increased its persistent luminescence properties by studying various Ln<sup>3+</sup> dopants (for instance Ce, Pr, Nd, Tm, Ho). Such dopants create electron traps that control the long lasting phosphorescence (LLP). We showed that Pr3+ was the most suitable Ln<sup>3+</sup> electron trap in diopside lattice, providing optimal trap depth, and resulting in the most intense luminescence decay curve after UV irradiation. A novel composition CaMgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>,Mn<sup>2+</sup>,Pr<sup>3+</sup> was obtained for in vivo imaging, displaying a strong near-infrared persistent luminescence centred on 685 nm, allowing improved and sensitive detection through living tissues.
Studies on on‐line bioreactor identification. IV. Utilization of pH measurements for product estimation (1984)

Relationships between the total rate of biomass growth and the rate of ammonia addition to a fermentor for pH control are presented. These equations make use of the concept of reaction invariants and provide the additional information needed for bioreactor identification. They are especially useful when the RQ measurement is not sufficient for this purpose, such as when sensitivities arise with the measured values of the respiratory quotient or when fermentation products are formed. The cases of batch, fed-batch and continuous fermentations, forming products with or without acidic/basic properties are considered. The derived relationships were successfully tested with nonbiological acid-base continuous flow reaction systems and subsequently applied to the identification of the continuous yeast fermentation of glucose to ethanol. Results of these experimental studies are also presented.
Orthogonal Thin Film Photovoltaics on (2015)

Decoupling paths of carrier collection and illumination within photovoltaic devices is one promising approach for improving their efficiency by simultaneously increasing light absorption and carrier collection efficiency. Orthogonal photovoltaic devices are core-shell type structures consisting of thin film photovoltaic stack on vertical nanopillar scaffolds. These types of devices allow charge collection to take place in the radial direction, perpendicular to the path of light in the vertical direction. This approach addresses the inherently high recombination rate of disordered thin films, by allowing semiconductor films with minimal thicknesses to be used in photovoltaic devices, without performance degradation associated with incomplete light absorption. This work considers effects which influence the performance of orthogonal photovoltaic devices. Illumination non-uniformity as light travels across the depth of the pillars, electric field enhancement due to the nanoscale size and shape of the pillars, and series resistance due to the additional surface structure created through the use of pillars are considered. All of these effects influence the operation of orthogonal solar cells and should be considered in the design of vertically nanostructured orthogonal photovoltaics.
The endocyclic restriction test: an experimental evaluation of the geometry at oxygen in the transition structure for epoxidation of an alkene by a peroxy acid (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe endocyclic restriction test: an experimental evaluation of the geometry at oxygen in the transition structure for epoxidation of an alkene by a peroxy acidKeith W. Woods and Peter BeakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 16, 6281–6283Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00016a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views571Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018 (2018)

A large fraction of users in developing regions use relatively inexpensive, low-end smartphones. However, the impact of device capabilities on the performance of mobile Internet applications has not been explored. To bridge this gap, we study the QoE of ...
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Regioselective Alkylation of 2‐Carboxamidopiperazine. Application to the Synthesis of the NMDA Competitive Antagonist (.+‐.)‐ CPP. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clover polarimetric detector - a novel design of an ortho-mode transducer at 150 and 225 GHz (2008)

This paper presents the design of an ortho-mode transducer (OMT) to separate two orthogonal linearly polarized signals traveling in a circular waveguide with frequency channels at 150/255 GHz band. Simulations (in HFSS) are presented to determine the optimal probe geometry and feed impedance to achieve good coupling to the optimized probes over a wide bandwidth with corresponding feed impedances for telescopes operating at 150 and 225 GHz. The results show that at 150 GHz band, the return loss can reach below -20 dB from 126 GHz to 180 GHz with the cross polarization reach below -40 dB. At 225 GHz band, the return loss can reach below -20 dB from 190 GHz to 260 GHz with the polarization isolation more than 32 dB.
The lifetime of the LiFePO<inf>4</inf>/C battery energy storage system when used for smoothing of the wind power plant variations (2013)

Fulfilling ambitious goals of the full transition from the centralized, fossil fuel-based conventional generation units into distributed and eco-friendly renewables can be difficult to achieve without energy storage systems due to technical and economical challenges. Energy storage system addition to wind turbines/wind farms is one of the most promising solutions to problems related with the further integration of wind power into the grids with already high wind penetration. Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries are constantly improving their performance and are becoming attractive for stationary energy storage applications due to their characteristics such as fast response, high power capability, high efficiency, and long lifetime. This paper deals with the lifetime of the LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /C battery system when it provides wind power output smoothing service. A semi-empirical lifetime model for these battery cells is developed based on accelerated lifetime testing of LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /C battery cells. The developed Li-ion battery lifetime model is later used for the investigation on the lifetime of Li-ion battery energy storage system (BESS) under different energy management strategies for the wind power variations smoothing service.
In vitroand computational investigations of novel synthetic carboxamide-linked pyridopyrrolopyrimidines with potent activity as SARS-CoV-2-MProinhibitors (2022)

An essential target for COVID-19 is the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M<sup>pro</sup>). With the objective of targeting this receptor, a novel set of pyrido[1,2-<i>a</i>]pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines with terminal carboxamide fragments was designed, synthesized, and considered as an initial motif for the creation of effective pan-coronavirus inhibitors. Accordingly, nine derivatives (21-29) have been introduced for <i>in vitro</i> assay to evaluate their antiviral activity and cytotoxicity effect against COVID-19 virus using Vero cells. The obtained data revealed that the majority of these derivatives showed potent cellular anti-COVID-19 activity and prevent viral growth by more than 90% at two different concentrations with weak or even no detectable cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Extensive molecular docking simulations highlighted proper non-covalent interaction of new compounds within the binding pocket of M<sup>pro</sup> as a potential target for their antiviral activity. <i>In vitro</i> assay for all the synthesized derivatives against the viral M<sup>pro</sup> target indicated that compounds 25 and 29 have promising inhibitory activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values at low micromolar concentrations. The molecular dynamic simulation results predicted the stability of compound 29 in the binding cavity of SARS-CoV-2 M<sup>pro</sup> and hence supported the high inhibitory activity shown by the <i>In vitro</i> assay. These results suggested that compounds 25 and 29 merit further investigations as promising drug candidates for the management of SARS-CoV-2.
Annexin A1 exerts renoprotective effects in experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis (2022)

Non-resolving inflammation plays a critical role during the transition from renal injury towards end-stage renal disease. The glucocorticoid-inducible protein annexin A1 has been shown to function as key regulator in the resolution phase of inflammation, but its role in immune-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis has not been studied so far. <b>Methods:</b> Acute crescentic glomerulonephritis was induced in annexin A1-deficient and wildtype mice using a sheep serum against rat glomerular basement membrane constituents. Animals were sacrificed at d5 and d10 after nephritis induction. Renal leukocyte abundance was studied by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Alterations in gene expression were determined by RNA-Seq and gene ontology analysis. Renal levels of eicosanoids and related lipid products were measured using lipid mass spectrometry. <b>Results:</b> Histological analysis revealed an increased number of sclerotic glomeruli and aggravated tubulointerstitial damage in the kidneys of annexin A1-deficient mice compared to the wildtype controls. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed an increased number of CD45<sup>+</sup> leukocytes and neutrophil granulocytes in the absence of annexin A1. Lipid mass spectrometry showed elevated levels of prostaglandins PGE2 and PGD2 and reduced levels of antiinflammatory epoxydocosapentaenoic acid regioisomers. RNA-Seq with subsequent gene ontology analysis revealed induction of gene products related to leukocyte activation and chemotaxis as well as regulation of cytokine production and secretion. <b>Conclusion:</b> Intrinsic annexin A1 reduces proinflammatory signals and infiltration of neutrophil granulocytes and thereby protects the kidney during crescentic glomerulonephritis. The annexin A1 signaling cascade may therefore provide novel targets for the treatment of inflammatory kidney disease.