gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mouse Molar Dentin Size/Shape is Dependent on Growth Hormone Status (2007)

Growth hormone (GH) status affects dental development, but how GH influences tooth size/shape is unclear. Since GH affects dental epithelial proliferation, we hypothesized that GH influences the tooth crown and root dimensions. Dentin matrix dimensions were measured in longitudinal sections of decalcified first mandibular molars from 3 genetically modified mice: giant (GH-Excess) mice and dwarf (GH-Antagonist and GH-Receptor-Knockout) mice. GH status was found to influence crown width, root length, and dentin thickness. Analysis of these data suggests that GH influences both tooth crown and root development prior to dentinogenesis as well as during appositional growth of dentin. This is concordant with the expression of paracrine GH and GH receptors during tooth bud morphogenesis, and of GH receptors in the enamel organ, dental papilla, and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath during dentinogenesis. Based on prior studies, these GH morphogenetic actions may be mediated by the induction of both bone morphogenetic protein and insulin-like growth factor-1 expression.
The activation of pigeon cytochrome c -specific T cell hybridomas by antigenic peptides is influenced by non-native sequences at the amino terminus of the determinant. (1988)

We recently demonstrated that the sequence 95-104 contains all the residues necessary for direct recognition of the I-Ek restricted pigeon cytochrome c determinant but that residues located in sequences to the amino-terminal side of residue 95 improve the ability of peptides containing the sequence 95-104 to stimulate Ag-specific T cell clones. In this study we use synthetic peptides with amino-terminal leader sequences containing residues that differ with respect to their conformational stabilizing effects, charge, and hydrophilicity to examine the mechanism by which they modulate T cell recognition. Our findings indicate that the role of these residues in T cell stimulation is not related to their ability to stabilize alpha-helical secondary structure, nor do they appear to be processed differently. The leader sequences do not differentially influence the ability of the peptides to be presented by APC displaying Ia molecules of related haplotype, i.e., E alpha kE beta k, E alpha kE beta b, and E alpha kE beta s, to T cells which recognize the pigeon cytochrome c determinant on such presenting cells. Because antigenic potency correlates with the inclusion of hydrophobic residues and positively charged residues in the leader sequences, we discuss our findings with reference to the possibility that they non-specifically enhance the interaction of the antigenic peptides with the APC membrane.
Effects of the Valsalva Maneuver on Cerebral Circulation in Healthy Adults (1995)

These results demonstrated that in healthy humans the Valsalva maneuver causes characteristic changes in systemic blood pressure as well as in flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery, reflecting the sympathetic and cerebral autoregulatory responses, respectively. Analysis of these changes may provide an estimate of autoregulatory capacity.
Synthesis of a cis 2,5-Disubstituted Morpholine by De-epimerization: Application to the Multigram Scale Synthesis of a Mineralocorticoid Antagonist (2013)

A convergent route to multigram quantities of a mineralocorticoid antagonist 3 is described. Starting from (R)-phenylglycinol, the synthesis of cis 2,5-morpholine 2 is accomplished utilizing a de-epimerization to install the second stereogenic center. The multigram synthesis of 3 was completed through a sequence of an SNAr reaction, Dakin oxidation, alkylation, and cyclization to provide a crystalline solid.
Malignant glomus tumor of the urinary bladder. (2005)

We present a case of a malignant glomus tumor arising in the urinary bladder of a 57-year-old woman with metastatic pulmonary nodules who died 2 months later. Pathologically and clinically confirmed malignant glomus tumors are exceedingly rare, especially those that arise in the visceral organs. The present case retained its architectural similarity to a benign glomus tumor and consisted of sheets of highly malignant round cells showing cytoplasmic positivity for smooth muscle actin. On reticulin histochemical staining, we found that reticulum fibrils surrounded individual tumor cells, suggesting cellular investment by basement membrane. We discuss the concept of malignant glomus tumors and emphasize the criteria that distinguish them from other malignant tumors.
GPU peer-to-peer techniques applied to a cluster interconnect (2013)

Modern GPUs support special protocols to exchange data directly across the PCI Express bus. While these protocols could be used to reduce GPU data transmission times, basically by avoiding staging to host memory, they require specific hardware features which are not available on current generation network adapters. In this paper we describe the architectural modifications required to implement peer-to-peer access to NVIDIA Fermi- and Kepler-class GPUs on an FPGA-based cluster interconnect. Besides, the current software implementation, which integrates this feature by minimally extending the RDMA programming model, is discussed, as well as some issues raised while employing it in a higher level API like MPI. Finally, the current limits of the technique are studied by analyzing the performance improvements on low-level benchmarks and on two GPU-accelerated applications, showing when and how they seem to benefit from the GPU peer-to-peer method.
Temperature-Dependent Capsule Shell Bonding and Destruction Based on Hindered Poly(urea-urethane) Chemistry (2022)

Capsules with responsive shells that, for example, can be destroyed to release a payload or fused together to create a monolith are needed to improve performance in, for example, controlled release, material storage/transport, molecular separation, and so on. Most commonly, these shells contain pH-responsive functional groups or temperature-responsive polymers and undergo changes in shell permeability, for example, upon decreased pH or increased temperature. Herein, we report a new approach to fabricating responsive capsules for controlled fusion or destruction by the incorporation of hindered poly(urea-urethane) chemistry into capsule shells. Using a non-aqueous Pickering emulsion as a template, we demonstrate that interfacial polymerization between three different secondary diamines and four different diisocyanates can be used to prepare capsules with a core of polar oil (N,N-dimethylformamide, DMF) or a mixture of DMF and ionic liquid (IL) with shells containing hindered urea bonds that undergo dynamic bond exchange in response to slightly elevated temperatures. For the capsules in which the core is oil, the temperature of responsivity is based on the hindrance of the diamine (35, 55, or 80 °C), consistent with the bulk polymer, and supported by variable-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In contrast, for capsules in which the core contains IL, the temperature required is significantly decreased, suggesting that the shell is plasticized with the core liquid. Heating isolated capsules to the relevant temperature leads to capsule shell fusion into a monolith, whereas addition of a primary amine to dispersed capsules at elevated temperature leads to shell destruction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy were used to confirm the morphology of capsules, monoliths, or emulsion droplets, and focused ion beam-SEM was utilized to demonstrate the core-shell structure of the capsules. Furthermore, comparison of mechanical tests of the capsules and fused monoliths highlight the importance of bond exchange on bulk properties. This work demonstrates that capsule shells containing dynamic covalent bonds are a new exciting class of materials that can be used to tailor morphology beyond the traditional use of responsive shells to change permeability.
Photobleaching kinetics of Photofrinin vivoand in multicell tumour spheroids indicate two simultaneous bleaching mechanisms (2004)

We present a detailed investigation of Photofrin® photobleaching and photoproduct accumulation. Fisher rats were sensitized with 10 mg kg−1 Photofrin and irradiated 24 h later with 514 nm light at 5 or 100 mW cm−2. Fluorescence spectra were collected from the skin throughout treatment, and sensitizer bleaching and fluorescent photoproduct formation were quantified using spectral analysis. Photofrin bleaching was slightly more rapid at the higher irradiance under these conditions. However, accumulation of photoproduct was significantly enhanced at lower irradiance. To interpret these unexpected findings, we developed a new mathematical model in which reactions between singlet oxygen (1O2) and the photosensitizer and reactions between the sensitizer triplet and biological targets are both allowed to contribute to bleaching. Predictions of this model were tested in experiments performed on EMT6 spheroids sensitized with concentrations of 2.5, 10 and 30 µg mL−1 Photofrin and subjected to PDT. Photofrin bleaching and photoproduct formation in these spheroids were measured using confocal fluorescence spectroscopy. In qualitative agreement with the mixed-mechanism model predictions, at the highest drug concentration Photofrin bleaching was more efficient via 1O2 reactions, while at the lowest concentration triplet reactions were more efficient. At all concentrations, photoproduct accumulation was greater under conditions of abundant oxygen.
Correlation of X-Ray Dark-Field Radiography to Mechanical Sample Properties (2014)

Abstract The directional dark-field signal obtained with X-ray grating interferometry yields direction-dependent information about the X-ray scattering taking place inside the examined sample. It allows examination of its morphology without the requirement of resolving the micrometer size structures directly causing the scattering. The local morphology in turn gives rise to macroscopic mechanical properties of the investigated specimen. In this study, we investigate the relation between the biomechanical elasticity (Young’s modulus) and the measured directional dark-field parameters of a well-defined sample made of wood. In our proof-of-principle experiment, we found a correlation between Young’s modulus, the average dark-field signal, and the average dark-field anisotropy. Hence, we are able to show that directional dark-field imaging is a new method to predict mechanical sample properties. As grating interferometry provides absorption, phase-contrast, and dark-field data at the same time, this technique appears promising to combine imaging and mechanical testing in a single testing stage. Therefore, we believe that directional dark-field imaging will have a large impact in the materials science world.
I need someone to help! (2013)

Finding the right person to ask for help is a difficult task within a large enterprise. While there are a few studies detailing practices for finding an expert often in the context of an expertise locator system, there are fewer studies on workplace practices and challenges for finding a person who can help, especially independent of any particular technology. We conducted a two-part study of helper-finding activities with 36 enterprise workers, representing different job roles and levels of experience. First, we present a taxonomy of workplace helper-finding needs that involves tasks, topics, and helper selection criteria, developed by analyzing two weeks of participant diaries describing helper-finding problems. Second, we present the results of follow-up interviews with each participant, focusing on helper-finding challenges in the workplace. Finally, we present design implications for systems aimed at supporting helper-finding in the workplace.
Safety and Efficacy of Pegvisomant in Pediatric Growth Hormone Excess (2021)

Abstract Objective: Pediatric growth hormone excess (GHE) and gigantism are mainly managed by pituitary surgery. However, a large percentage of patients require further medical management. Data for the pediatric population are scares and decisions are usually based on adult published data. We have initiated a study to investigate the efficacy and safety of pegvisomant in children and adolescents with GHE. MethodsThe study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03882034, An open-label phase 3 study of the safety and efficacy of pegvisomant in children with growth hormone excess). Eligible patients must be children or adolescents (age: 24 months -18 years) with GHE with persistent disease after surgical or radiation therapy. The patients will receive pegvisomant via subcutaneous daily injection for one year and outcomes will be measured at baseline and at the end of the study. The main measure of efficacy is the change of IGF-1 from baseline to the end of the study. The main measure of safety is the description of side effects over the duration of the study. ConclusionsWe will collect data on the safety and efficacy of medical treatment for pediatric patients with GHE.
Poly(N-vinylformamide)A Drag-Reducing Polymer for Biomedical Applications (2006)

Water-soluble drag-reducing polymers (DRPs) were previously demonstrated to significantly increase blood flow, tissue perfusion, and tissue oxygenation when injected intravenously at nanomolar concentrations in various animal models. Turbulent flow drag-reducing ability was proven to be the most important factor defining the potential of polymers to favorably affect blood circulation. Several DRPs were applied in previous in vivo tests, but the search continues for suitable DRPs for biomedical applications. We demonstrated that poly(N-vinylformamide) (PNVF) with a molecular weight of 4.5 x 10(6) Da significantly reduced resistance to turbulent flow in a pipe and thus presents a DRP. We also found that the PNVF mechanical degradation is much slower than that of the most commonly used DRP, poly(ethylene oxide). PNVF is known to have low toxicity. Furthermore, our pilot in vivo study showed that PNVF had acceptable biocompatibility and hemodynamic effectiveness and thus could be considered as a DRP candidate for potential clinical use.
Design and preparation of high-performance polymer mortars based on performance prediction model (2022)

Abstract This article had presented a systematic and adjustable method to forecast the performance of certain type of polymer mortars, most of all, using the performance prediction model to accurately control the dosages of water reducing agent (D WR ), cellulose ( D C ), polypropylene fiber ( D F ), expansion agent ( D EA ), redispersible emulsion powder ( D REP ), and cement content ( C C ), according to the changes of properties of polymer mortars. The article had given a full verification supported by a series of orthogonal experiment results to demonstrate the effectiveness and the feedback loop between raw materials and properties of polymer mortars, which had revealed a big practical value and convenience for rapid construction in the job sites, especially for researchers and engineers in the field. Its effort to avoid, or at least control the damage of polymer powders to compressive strength of cement mortars. The mix proportion of high-performance polymer mortars (HPMs) was determined as follows, considering the working and mechanical properties: D WR was 0.85 g, D C was 1.05 g, D F was 1.15 g, C C was 42%, D EA was 10 g, and D REP was 20 g. Successfully created HPMs with pumping resistance of just 61.6N, compressive strength of 68.5MPa at 28d.
A Connection between One-Step Regularization and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning (2023)

As with any machine learning problem with limited data, effective offline RL algorithms require careful regularization to avoid overfitting. One-step methods perform regularization by doing just a single step of policy improvement, while critic regularization methods do many steps of policy improvement with a regularized objective. These methods appear distinct. One-step methods, such as advantage-weighted regression and conditional behavioral cloning, truncate policy iteration after just one step. This ``early stopping'' makes one-step RL simple and stable, but can limit its asymptotic performance. Critic regularization typically requires more compute but has appealing lower-bound guarantees. In this paper, we draw a close connection between these methods: applying a multi-step critic regularization method with a regularization coefficient of 1 yields the same policy as one-step RL. While practical implementations violate our assumptions and critic regularization is typically applied with smaller regularization coefficients, our experiments nevertheless show that our analysis makes accurate, testable predictions about practical offline RL methods (CQL and one-step RL) with commonly-used hyperparameters. Our results that every problem can be solved with a single step of policy improvement, but rather that one-step RL might be competitive with critic regularization on RL problems that demand strong regularization.
An analytical model for the insulated-gate bipolar transistor under all free-carrier injection conditions (2002)

The insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is the most advanced and promising power switching device. This paper presents an analytical model for the current-voltage characteristics of such a device. The model is derived rigorously from the ambipolar transport equation and is valid for all free-carrier injection conditions, rather than just for a special case (i.e., low or high free-carrier injection) considered in the IGBT models reported to date in the literature. Results simulated from a two-dimensional device simulator called MEDICI are also included in support of the model.
Shapley Value Estimation for Compensation of Participants in Demand Response Programs (2015)

Designing fair compensation mechanisms for demand response (DR) is challenging. This paper models the problem in a game theoretic setting and designs a payment distribution mechanism based on the Shapley value (SV). As exact computation of the SV is in general intractable, we propose estimating it using a reinforcement learning algorithm that approximates optimal stratified sampling. We apply this algorithm to a DR program that utilizes the SV for payments and quantify the accuracy of the resulting estimates.
Toward Universal Half‐Saturation Coefficients: Describing Extant KS as a Function of Diffusion (2015)

Observed (extant) K(s) is not a constant and it is strongly influenced by diffusion. This paper argues that diffusion can be used to describe bacterial kinetic effects that are sometimes attributed to "K-strategists" and, in fact, the physics of the system is the dominant mechanism affecting the apparent (extant) Ks--not intrinsic biological characteristics--in real water resource recovery facility systems. Four different biological processes have been modeled using the "porter-diffusion" model that was originally developed by Pasciak and Gavis (1974) for aquatic systems. The results demonstrate that diffusion is the dominant mechanism affecting K(s) in all four biological processes. Therefore, the authors argue that for treatment processes in which substrate concentrations are low, it is important to consider shifting to variable extant K(s) values or explicitly modeling the effects of diffusion.
Antimicrobial treatment did not reduce complications of urinary tract infection in diabetes and asymptomatic bacteriuria (2003)

Source Citation Harding GK, Zhanel GG, Nicolle LE, Cheang M. Antimicrobial treatment in diabetic women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1576-83. 12432044 (All 2003 articles were reviewed for relevancy, and abstracts were last revised in 2009.)
An Imidazopyridinone and Further Metabolites from Streptomycetes [1] (2009)

Screening and chromatographic analysis of the extracts from the terrestrial streptomycete GW5127 and from the marine Streptomyces sp. isolate B7967 yielded four new metabolites, i.e. 8-ethyl-6,11-dihydroxy-l1-methoxy-naphthacene-5,12-dione (la), 4-acetyl-1,3-dihydro-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-one (4a), 5-hydroxmethyl-4-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-2-cyclopentenone (6), and N-[2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl]-acetamide (5a), along with five known compounds, beta-rubromycin (2), rubromycin (3), 2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (5b), uracil, and N-acetyltyramine. The structures of the new compounds were deduced from high resolution mass, 1D and 2D NMR spectra and by comparison with related compounds from the literature. The antibiotic activity of the crude extracts was due to 2 and 3.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Configuration of Some New Bicyclic 3‐Arylidene‐ and 3‐ Heteroarylidene‐2‐oxindoles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cell-Free Massive MIMO for UAV Communications (2019)

We study support for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications through a cell-free massive MIMO architecture. Under the general assumption that the propagation channel between the mobile stations, either UAVs or ground users, and the access points follows a Ricean distribution, we derive closed form spectral efficiency lower bounds for uplink and downlink with linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimation. We also propose power allocation and user scheduling strategies for such a system. Our numerical results reveal that a cell-free massive MIMO architecture may provide better performance than a traditional multicell massive MIMO network deployment.
MEMS tunable antennas: Reaching for the 600 MHz-bands (2014)

Addressing low frequency bands is challenging on small platforms. Tunability is a promising solution to cover the bandwidth required for 4G mobile communication. The work presents two designs and shows that for comparable efficiency and bandwidth, the tunable antenna occupies half the volume required by the wide-band antenna.
Object Contour Detection Using Spatio-temporal Self-sim (2006)

A novel contour detector that refines a rough boundary between an object and a background to a precise boundary in moving pictures robustly is proposed. To estimate boundaries of objects, the proposed method uses self-similar block matching (SSBM) in spatio-temporal 3-D space. SSBM, which searches a larger similar block for each block placed near a boundary, estimates contours correctly. In this paper, it is shown analytically that the robustness of spatio-temporal SSBM is superior to that of conventional 2-D SSBM. Since SSBM does not assume contour smoothness, the proposed algorithm can detect sharp corners more accurately than the methods using smooth constraints such as Snake. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective for estimating precise regions of objects even if pictures are noisy