gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermophilic acetylxylan esterase genes and enzymes from alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and related organisms and methods (2023)

A genetically modified organism comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence and/or at least one recombinant nucleic acid isolated from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and encoding a polypeptide involved in at least partially degrading, cleaving, transporting, metabolizing, or removing polysaccharide, lignocellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, chitin, heteroxylan, and/or xylan-decorating group; and at least one nucleic acid sequence and/or at least one recombinant nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide involved in fermenting sugar molecules to a product. Additionally, enzymatic and/or proteinaceous extracts may be isolated from one or more genetically modified organisms. The extracts are utilized to convert biomass into a product. Further provided are methods of converting biomass into products comprising: placing the genetically modified organism and/or enzymatic extracts thereof in fluid contact with polysaccharides, cellulose, lignocellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, sugars, sugar oligomers, carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, chitin, heteroxylans, glycosides, and/or xylan-, glucan-, galactan-, or mannan-decorating groups.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization with high-complexity repeat-free oligonucleotide probes generated by massively parallel synthesis (2011)

The ability to visualize specific DNA sequences, on chromosomes and in nuclei, by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is fundamental to many aspects of genetics, genomics and cell biology. Probe selection is currently limited by the availability of DNA clones or the appropriate pool of DNA sequences for PCR amplification. Here, we show that liquid-phase probe pools from sequence capture technology can be adapted to generate fluorescently labelled pools of oligonucleotides that are very effective as repeat-free FISH probes in mammalian cells. As well as detection of small (15 kb) and larger (100 kb) specific loci in both cultured cells and tissue sections, we show that complex oligonucleotide pools can be used as probes to visualize features of nuclear organization. Using this approach, we dramatically reveal the disposition of exons around the outside of a chromosome territory core and away from the nuclear periphery.
Dual-Wavelength fiber laser based on a theta ring cavity and an FBG array with tailored tuning range for THz generation (2017)

We present an independently tunable pulsed dual-wavelength MOPA at 2µm based on a fiber-integrated theta ring oscillator. With a tailored tuning range for THz generation of 50nm, an output power of 12W has been achieved.
Differential Influence of Chemokine Receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 in Development of Atherosclerosis In Vivo (2005)

Blocking chemokine signaling in vivo through deletion of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CXCR3 has differential effects during atherogenesis. In addition, our results point to an important role of regulatory T lymphocytes during early atherogenesis.
Multiple-Target Tracking With Binary Proximity Sensors (2011)

Recent work has shown that, despite the minimal information provided by a binary proximity sensor, a network of these sensors can provide remarkably good target tracking performance. In this article, we examine the performance of such a sensor network for tracking multiple targets. We begin with geometric arguments that address the problem of counting the number of distinct targets, given a snapshot of the sensor readings. We provide necessary and sufficient criteria for an accurate target count in a one-dimensional setting, and provide a greedy algorithm that determines the minimum number of targets that is consistent with the sensor readings. While these combinatorial arguments bring out the difficulty of target counting based on sensor readings at a given time, they leave open the possibility of accurate counting and tracking by exploiting the evolution of the sensor readings over time. To this end, we develop a particle filtering algorithm based on a cost function that penalizes changes in velocity. An extensive set of simulations, as well as experiments with passive infrared sensors, are reported. We conclude that, despite the combinatorial complexity of target counting, probabilistic approaches based on fairly generic models of trajectories yield respectable tracking performance.
Induction of platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts upon tissue culturing. (1988)

The expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors in porcine uterus and human skin in situ, was compared with that of cultured primary cells isolated from the same tissues. PDGF receptor expression was examined by monoclonal antibodies specific for the B type PDGF receptor and by RNA/RNA in situ hybridization with a probe constructed from a cDNA clone encoding the B type PDGF receptor. In porcine uterus tissue both mRNA and the protein product for the PDGF receptor were detected in the endometrium; the myometrium, in contrast, contained much lower amounts. Moreover, freshly isolated myometrial cells were devoid of PDGF receptors. However, after 1 d in culture receptors appeared, and after 2 wk of culturing essentially all of the myometrial cells stained positively with the anti-PDGF receptor antibodies and contained PDGF receptor mRNA. Similarly, B type PDGF receptors were not detected in normal human skin, but fibroblast-like cells from explant cultures of human skin possessed PDGF receptors. When determined by immunoblotting, porcine uterus myometrial membranes contained approximately 20% of the PDGF receptor antigen compared with the amount found in endometrial membranes. In addition, PDGF stimulated the phosphorylation of a 175-kD component, most likely representing autophosphorylation of the B type PDGF receptor in endometrial membranes, whereas only a marginal phosphorylation was seen in myometrial membranes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PDGF receptor expression varies in normal tissues and that fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells do not uniformly express the receptor in situ. Furthermore, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells that are released from tissues are induced to express PDGF receptors in response to cell culturing. The data suggest that, in addition to the availability of the ligand, PDGF-mediated cell growth in vivo is dependent on factors regulating expression of the receptor.
Mode locking of a homogeneous gain laser through temporally modulated phase-conjugate reflectivity (1984)

Mode locking of a homogeneous gain laser by a temporally modulated phase-conjugate mirror is investigated through a dispersive model. Phase conjugation is assumed to be due to degenerate four-wave mixing with external pumps consisting of two trains of temporally Gaussian pulses. Approximate solutions are found in terms of Gaussian pulses whose width depends on the duration of the pump pulses, the coherence time of the homogeneous gain medium, and the relaxation time of the nonlinear medium. Numerical solutions are in excellent agreement with the Gaussian-pulse solutions.
On the manufacturability of scaffold mould using a 3D printing technology (2007)

Purpose To investigate the effect of operation parameters and printing configuration on the manufacturability of moulds in the manufacture of tissue engineering scaffolds using a 3D printing system. Design/methodology/approach The scaffold moulds were built using proprietary biocompatible materials using a modified Solidscape T66 ink‐jet printing system. The manufacturability of biological scaffold moulds has been investigated in terms of resolution, accuracy, and minimum and maximum manufacturable features. Findings The results demonstrated that the 3D system used in this study is able to fabricate structures with high reproducibility and flexibility. It was found that thermal degradation of BioSupport material had an adverse effect on resolution and accuracy of moulds printed for scaffold manufacturing. The maximum features, including maximum length and height, are geometrical dimension and orientation dependent. The system could produce a longer and higher features when the mould was aligned perpendicular to the axis of the mill than that parallel to the axis of the mill. The bigger the cross‐sectional area, the longer/higher the manufacturable feature the machine can produce. The accuracy and resolution are attributed to the size of the molten droplet of BioBuild that caused local melting of the support layer and which partially diffused into the support layer. Research limitations/implications The results provide a guide to the design and fabrication of precision scaffold for tissue engineering using biocompatible materials. Originality/value This paper describes a method and process to evaluate the manufacturability of a scaffold mould using 3D printing technique. The limits to mould design are established, it could be extended to other solid freeform fabrication systems for effective operation and precision control.
Radiation hardening of final optics for an ICF reactor (1996)

Radiation damage of the final optical components in an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) reactor is a crucial issue for development of a laser‐fusion reactor. To some extent, this problem will be encountered in the National Ignition Facility (NIF), but there, the integrated radiation dose will be considerably less than that encountered in a future reactor. This extremely harsh radiation environment necessitates shielding the ICF optics from direct neutron and x‐ray bombardment. Several approaches have been suggested, such as the use of grazing incidence metal mirrors or fused silica wedge deflectors. While metal mirrors can withstand a larger radiation dose, their focusing qualities pose problems. Therefore wedge deflectors, originally suggested by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) staff, represent a promising alternative. Radiation hardening of the fused silica deflectors using a new combined thermal/optical annealing approach is examined here as a method to maintain transmission quality during irradiation. By selection of suitable low impurity, fused silica materials combined with appropriate in situ treatment, such as discussed here, fused silica can be quite resistant to radiation effects. In addition, the wedge deflectors could be periodically replaced with minimal expense.
Fuel Economy and Emissions of E85 in Passenger Cars - A Move towards Flex Fuel Vehicle (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Many countries are developing strategies to curb the consumption of fossil fuels, and to increase the share of alternative fuels such as alcohols, natural gas, fuel cell and electricity in the energy pool in order to improve energy security and reduce atmospheric pollution. Alcohol fuels are promising one and it has been widely used in many countries as blending component for gasoline. Ethanol has a high-octane number but it has a lower calorific value than gasoline. The performance of engine may be affected with higher percentage of ethanol in gasoline due to demand for larger quantity of fuel that could not be supplied by vehicles which are tuned to run on gasoline only. In this study, a second electronic control unit (ECU) was installed in series with the existing commercial or primary ECU and an ethanol sensor was installed in the fuel line. This secondary ECU modulates the fuel injection pulse width of the primary ECU depending on ethanol concentration in the fuel. The vehicle studies were carried out using Indian automotive gasoline meeting IS:2796 specification and 85% ethanol blended gasoline (E85) in a climatically controlled chassis dynamometer lab in which test cell temperature maintained at 25±1 °C throughout the test. Modified Indian Driving Cycle tests (MIDC) and constant speed tests were carried out using E85 and commercial gasoline to investigate the fuel economy, gaseous mass emissions, particulate emission in terms number and size characteristics. Gaseous emission was reduced up to 30% with the penalty of reduction in fuel economy by approximately 30% over the MIDC. The vehicle power was maintained while using both fuels at respective constant speeds during the road load simulation cycles however an increase in fuel consumption was observed with E85. The tailpipe exhaust particle emission measurement had shown up to 50% reduction in exhaust particulate emissions with E85. This study demonstrates the potential of using higher blends of ethanol up to E85 and meeting power or speed demand at constant speeds and driving cycle tests.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Temperature dependence of Stokes shift in InxGa1−xN epitaxial layers (2003)

Optical properties of InxGa1−xN epitaxial layers with various indium compositions (x=0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.06, and 0.09) have been studied by means of temperature-dependent optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A clear peak due to the absorption of InxGa1−xN ternary alloys was observed up to 300 K, which enabled us to investigate the temperature dependence of the Stokes shift. The Stokes shift at 4 K increased with an increase in the indium composition, and was estimated to be 22 and 45 meV for the samples with x=0.02 and 0.09, respectively. With an increase in temperature up to about 50 K, the Stokes shift increased slightly. With a further increase in temperature from 50 to 100 K, the Stokes shift decreased. Above 100 K, the Stokes shift was independent of the temperature and showed an almost constant value up to 300 K. The Stokes shift at 300 K was estimated to be 19 and 34 meV for the samples with x=0.02 and 0.09, respectively. This temperature dependence of the Stokes shift was characteristically common to all of the samples used in the present work, and was observed to be more prominent for the samples with higher indium compositions.
Optimal noise suppression in Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) configured for maximum imaging resolution (2010)

An optimal setup in the sense of imaging resolution for the Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) system is proposed and analyzed. Experimental results of the proposed setup in reflection mode suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to a granular noise. SNR improvement is achieved by two methods that rely on increasing the initial amount of phase-shifted recorded holograms. In the first method, we average over several independent complex-valued digital holograms obtained by recording different sets of three digital phase-shifted holograms. In the second method, the least-squares solution for solving a system of an overdetermined set of linear equations is approximated by utilizing the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse. These methods improve the resolution of the reconstructed image due to their ability to reveal fine and weak details of the observed object.
Phosphabenzene–rhodium catalysts for the efficient hydroformylation of terminal and internal olefins (1997)

The use of rhodium-catalysts modified with bulky phosphabenzenes as π-acceptor ligands as highly efficient hydroformylation catalysts for terminal and internal olefins is reported, and a catalytically active phosphabenzene complex has been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Intermediates in the Autoxidation of (Cyclidene)iron(II) Dioxygen Carriers in a Variety of Solvent Systems (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Minimal size plasmids containing an M13 origin for production of single-strand transducing particles. (1984)

We have studied the requirements for efficient production of single-strand transducing particles from minimal size plasmids containing the phage M13 origin of replication. The most favorable origin fragment for production of transducing particles was found to extend from nucleotides 5372 to 5943 of the phage sequence, which includes a segment of the phage gene IV coding region and eliminates part of the gene II promoter. Minimizing vector size for M13 origin plasmids appears to be beneficial since transducing particle titer decreases with increasing plasmid size. A mutant helper phage was isolated and shown to improve the production of transducing particles from small plasmids, but to outcompete plasmids bearing large inserts. Several plasmid vectors which produce high yields of single-strand transducing particles and good ratios of transducing particles to helper phage have been constructed.
Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula: A 21‐year experience (2020)

Transcatheter CAF closure is associated with a favorable acute procedural success and complication rate in selected patients. Procedural success and risk for complication are highly dependent on CAF anatomy and closure technique.
Novel Low V<sub>ON</sub> Poly-Si/4H-SiC Heterojunction Diode Using Energy Barrier Height Control (2012)

We experimentally investigated a method of controlling the energy barrier height (ΦB) of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si)/4H-SiC heterojunction diodes (HJDs) and conducted a numerical simulation of a novel low Von and low reverse recovery current diode using ΦB control. The ΦB of the HJD with arsenic-doped n+-poly-Si was 0.79 eV and that of the HJD with boron-doped p+-poly-Si was 1.59 eV. The ΦB can be controlled over a wide range by varying the dopant and ion implantation dose of poly-Si. A novel merged HJD (M-HJD) with two different ΦB values obtained by using ΦB control is also presented. The numerical simulation results show that the M-HJD reduces Von without increasing reverse leakage current at high reverse voltage.
Continuous arterial spin labeling using a train of adiabatic inversion pulses (2005)

This variation of the CASL technique is a quantitative, robust, and practical single-coil method for measuring blood flow. This CASL method does not require specialized radiofrequency coils or amplifiers that are not routinely used for anatomic imaging of the brain, therefore allowing these flow measurements to be easily incorporated into traditional rodent neuroimaging protocols.
General method to evaluate substrate surface modification techniques for light extraction enhancement of organic light emitting diodes (2006)

The external light output of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be increased by modifying the light emitting surface. The apparent light extraction enhancement is given by the ratio between the efficiency of the unmodified device and the efficiency of the modified device. This apparent light extraction enhancement is dependent on the OLED architecture itself and is not the correct value to judge the effectiveness of a technique to enhance light outcoupling due to substrate surface modification. We propose a general method to evaluate substrate surface modification techniques for light extraction enhancement of OLEDs independent from the device architecture. This method is experimentally demonstrated using green electrophosphorescent OLEDs with different device architectures. The substrate surface of these OLEDs was modified by applying a prismatic film to increase light outcoupling from the device stack. It was demonstrated that the conventionally measured apparent light extraction enhancement by means of the prismatic film does not reflect the actual performance of the light outcoupling technique. Rather, by comparing the light extracted out of the prismatic film to that generated in the OLED layers and coupled into the substrate (before the substrate/air interface), a more accurate evaluation of light outcoupling enhancement can be achieved. Furthermore we show that substrate surface modification can change the output spectrum of a broad band emitting OLED.
Automatic facial pore analysis system using multi‐scale pore detection (2016)

The proposed system is highly accurate and reliable for measuring the severity of skin pore enlargement. It can be suitably used for objective assessment of the pore tightening treatments.
Efficient and Stable Ammonia Synthesis by Self-Organized Flat Ru Nanoparticles on Calcium Amide (2016)

Efficient and stable catalysts for ammonia synthesis under mild conditions are required to meet the strong demand for NH3 as an important precursor chemical and hydrogen carrier. Here we report that during ammonia synthesis, flat-shaped Ru nanoparticles with a narrow distribution (2.1 ± 1.0 nm) and self-organized on Ca(NH2)2 exhibit high catalytic performance far exceeding alkali-promoted Ru-based catalysts in yield and turnover frequency (TOF). This catalyst enables continuous NH3 production, even at 473 K under ambient pressure. During ammonia synthesis, Ru nanoparticles are distinctly anchored on the surface of Ca(NH2)2 by strong Ru–N interaction, which leads to the epitaxial growth of Ru on the support surface. The high catalytic performance is due to the formation of high-density flat-shaped Ru nanoparticles and high electron donor ability at the Ru/Ca(NH2)2 interface. The catalytic stability is significantly improved by Ba-doping of Ca(NH2)2, and no degradation was observed after ca. 700 h of operation.
Eigenschaften und Prüfverfahren (2022)

No AccessSaechtling Kunststoff-HandbuchOct 2022Eigenschaften und PrüfverfahrenErwin Baur, Dietmar Drummer, Tim A. Osswald, Natalie RudolphErwin BaurSearch for more papers by this author, Dietmar DrummerSearch for more papers by this author, Tim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Natalie RudolphSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446473614.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2022Pages: 47-194Print ISBN: 978-3-446-46514-5eISBN: 978-3-446-47361-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Reflection and action under scarce resources: theoretical principles and empirical study (1989)

We define and exercise the expected value of computation as a fundamental component of reflection about alternative inference strategies. We present a portion of Protos research focused on the interlacing of reflection and action under scarce resources, and discuss how the techniques have been applied in a high-stakes medical domain. The work centers on endowing a computational agent with the ability to harness incomplete characterizations of problemsolving performance to control the amount of effort applied to a problem or subproblem, before taking action in the world or turning to another problem. We explore the use of the techniques in controlling decision-theoretic inference itself, and pose the approach as a model of rationality under scarce resources. 1 Reflection and Flexibility Reflection about the course of problem solving and about the interleaving of problem solving and physical activity is a hallmark of intelligent behavior. Applying a portion of available reasoning resources to consider the utility of alternative inference strategies or the value of continuing to refine a result before acting enables a computational agent to generate custom-tailored approaches to a wide variety of problems, under different time pressures. Such flexibility can be especially useful in light of uncertain deadlines and challenges. Uncertainty about problems and problem solving plagues simple agents immersed in complex environments. Constraints on an agent&amp;apos;s reasoning and representation resources lead to inescapable uncertainties about the problems that may be faced and about the value of future reasoning in solving those problems. The Protos project has pursued the use of decision theory for real-time control and offline problem-*This work was supported by a NASA Fellowship under