gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SHORT-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOME OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH A METAL-ON-METAL RESURFACING HIP REPLACEMENT (2005)

Introduction and Aim: The bone preserving aspect of hip resurfacing combined with minimal wear metal-metal technology is a promising solution for the younger patient who requires a hip replacement. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the early outcomes of patients treated with the Cormet 2000 resurfacing hip prosthesis. Method: All surgical procedures were performed by a single surgeon (DGA). Thirty-two patients, with a mean age of 52.7 years, were prospectively evaluated pre-operatively and at a minimum of one-year follow-up using standardised questionnaires, physical examinations, and radiographic evaluations. Results: All patients rated their satisfaction with the procedure as good or excellent. Mean Harris hip scores increased from 51 pre-operatively to 92 at last follow-up. Level of pain and ability to perform activities of daily living were significantly improved compared to pre-operative scores. The mean leg length, offset and neck shaft angle were essentially restored to normal. There were no radiographic abnormalities and no significant clinical complications. Conclusion: The short-term clinical outcome of the Cormet 2000 hip resurfacing prosthesis has been excellent.
5-Octave Laser Source Based on Cr:ZnS-GaSe Tandem (2019)

We report laser architecture that enables generation of coherent femtosecond continua that span from visible to long-wave IR (0.5-18 µm), and features: high power (4W), high repetition rate (80 MHz), and intrinsic nonlinear interferometry.
Discharge, Relaxation, and Charge Model for the Lithium Trivanadate Electrode: Reactions, Phase Change, and Transport (2016)

The electrochemical behavior of lithium trivanadate (LiV3O8) during lithiation, delithiation, and voltage recovery experiments is simulated using a crystal-scale model that accounts for solid-state diffusion, charge-transfer kinetics, and phase transformations. The kinetic expression for phase change was modeled using an approach inspired by the Avrami formulation for nucleation and growth. Numerical results indicate that the solid-state diffusion coefficient of lithium in LiV3O8 is ∼10−13 cm2 s−1 and the equilibrium compositions in the two phase region (∼2.5 V) are Li2.5V3O8:Li4V3O8. Agreement between the simulated and experimental results is excellent. Relative to the lithiation curves, the experimental delithiation curves show significantly less overpotential at low levels of lithiation (end of charge). Simulations are only able to capture this result by assuming that the solid-state mass-transfer resistance is less during delithiation. The proposed rationale for this difference is that the (100) face is inactive during lithiation, but active during delithiation. Finally, by assuming non-instantaneous phase-change kinetics, estimates are made for the overpotential due to imperfect phase change (supersaturation).
Comparison of FRC and ECC in a Composite Bridge Deck (2004)

ABSTRACT: A new type of composite bridge deck is currently under research. The concept is aimed at achieving composite action through the adhesion between a thin cement-based layer and a steel plate without using traditional shear connectors. This paper presents experimental and numerical work carried out on composite beams exposed to negative bending. Two types of overlay material are tested: Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) and fibre reinforced concrete (FRC). Two set-ups designed to test composite beams using ECC and FRC are presented and analysed using numerical methods.
Contour-based metrology for complex 2D shaped patterns printed by multiple-patterning process (2014)

We developed a new measurement method enabling to quantitatively and accurately evaluate 2D pattern shapes, which becomes critical in patterning control of Metal layer patterns transferred by Litho-Etch-Litho-Etch (LELE) process. In LELE, a split patterning of a Metal-A (MA) layer and a Metal-B (MB) layer makes patterning control more challenging. Hence, it is essential to evaluate the shape of transferred patterns after final etching in order to verify that the patterning control of MA and MB layer patterns is performed within an allowable budget. For this, our Pattern Shape Quantification (PSQ) method [1][2][3], which enables to measure dimensional difference of the transferred pattern shape from their target-design, is an effective metrology. Patterns transferred through a LELE process contain the effects of two types of shape modifications. The first is the fidelity of the individual pattern shapes (e.g. pattern-end pull-back or push-out) whose determinative factors are adopted design (e.g. OPC and SRAF), process condition (of e.g. lithography and etching), etc. The second is the shift in position between MA and MB patterns induced by Pattern Placement Error (PPE) of MB with respect to MA. That means that the edge-placement errors (EPE) in the final pattern are not only due to the fidelity of the transferred pattern shape, but are also impacted by the PPE. Also, a space between MA and MB patterns will be affected by the PPE as well. A failure to maintain a required minimum space between patterns could lead to a leak-current between patterns (and hence directly affect device performance), so it is important that the PPE can be measured accurately. Therefore, we developed a method to measure local PPE in actual device patterns, from CD-SEM images, that also outputs a pattern-contour in which this PPE has been removed. Utilizing such a pattern-contour into the PSQ method enables to quantitatively determine the fidelity of transferred pattern shape solely induced by the 1<sup>st</sup> shape modification, while providing PPE data from the device patterns themselves. We believe that a high-quality patterning control (by e.g. optimization of process condition) of MA and MB can be performed only by using such a measurement result. This paper demonstrates and discusses the capability and effectiveness of our newly developed method.
Identification of a Nonpeptidic and Conformationally Restricted Bradykinin B1 Receptor Antagonist with Anti-Inflammatory Activity (2007)

We report the discovery of chroman 28, a potent and selective antagonist of human, nonhuman primate, rat, and rabbit bradykinin B1 receptors (0.4-17 nM). At 90 mg/kg s.c., 28 decreased plasma extravasation in two rodent models of inflammation. A novel method to calculate entropy is introduced and ascribed approximately 30% of the gained affinity between "flexible" 4 (Ki = 132 nM) and "rigid" 28 (Ki = 0.77 nM) to decreased conformational entropy.
<title>Complex spatial filtering for parallel recognition of color pattern using liquid crystal panels</title> (1994)

We present a technique for the optical implementation of a color image correlation using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). A color image composed of 3D vectors of RGB primaries, is mapped onto a 2D plane to extract chromatic information from the image. Then, the 2D vector image is defined as a complex function, which is displayed on the LC- SLM and employed in a complex correlation system. Results from computer simulation and an experiment are also demonstrated. Optical parallel recognition processor for color image recognition is realized by the coherent optical system of single wavelength.
Dynamic Analysis of a Motion Transformer Mimicking a Hula Hoop (2009)

Hula-hoop motion refers to the spinning of a ring around a human body; it is made possible by the interactive force between the moving ring and the body. Inspired by the generic concept of hula-hoop motion, this study proposes a novel motion transformer design that consists of a main mass sprung in one translational direction and a free-moving mass attached at one end of a rod, the other end of which is hinged onto the center of the main mass. It is expected that the transformer is capable of transforming linear reciprocating motion into rotational motion. In addition, the transformer could be integrated with coils, magnets, and electric circuits to form a portable energy scavenging device. A thorough dynamic analysis of the proposed transformer system is conducted in this study in order to characterize the relationships between the varied system parameters and the chance of hula-hoop motion occurrence. The governing equations are first derived by using Lagrange’s Method, which is followed by the search for steady-state solutions and the corresponding stability analysis via the homotopy perturbation method and Floquet theory. Direct numerical simulation is simultaneously performed to verify the correctness of the approximate analysis. In this manner, the feasibility of the proposed design and the occurrence criteria of hula-hoop motion are assessed.
Identification of PP1α as a Caspase-9 Regulator in IL-2 Deprivation-Induced Apoptosis (2006)

One of the mechanisms that regulate cell death is the reversible phosphorylation of proteins. ERK/MAPK phosphorylates caspase-9 at Thr(125), and this phosphorylation is crucial for caspase-9 inhibition. Until now, the phosphatase responsible for Thr(125) dephosphorylation has not been described. Here, we demonstrate that in IL-2-proliferating cells, phosphorylated serine/threonine phosphatase type 1alpha (PP1alpha) associates with phosphorylated caspase-9. IL-2 deprivation induces PP1alpha dephosphorylation, which leads to its activation and, as a consequence, dephosphorylation and activation of caspase-9 and subsequent dissociation of both molecules. In cell-free systems supplemented with ATP caspase-9 activation is induced by addition of cytochrome c and we show that in this process PP1alpha is indispensable for triggering caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 cleavage and activation. Moreover, PP1alpha associates with caspase-9 in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it is the phosphatase responsible for caspase-9 dephosphorylation and activation. Finally, we describe two novel phosphatase-binding sites different from the previously described PP1alpha consensus motifs, and we demonstrate that these novel sites mediate the interaction of PP1alpha with caspase-9.
Discovery of 4-Amino-5-(3-bromophenyl)-7-(6-morpholino-pyridin- 3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, an Orally Active, Non-Nucleoside Adenosine Kinase Inhibitor (2001)

Adenosine (ADO) is an endogenous homeostatic inhibitory neuromodulator that reduces cellular excitability at sites of tissue injury and inflammation. Inhibition of adenosine kinase (AK), the primary metabolic enzyme for ADO, selectively increases ADO concentrations at sites of tissue trauma and enhances the analgesic and antiinflammatory actions of ADO. Optimization of the high-throughput screening lead, 4-amino-7-aryl-substituted pteridine (5) (AK IC50 = 440 nM), led to the identification of compound 21 (4-amino-5-(3-bromophenyl)-7-(6-morpholino-pyridin-3-yl)pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidine, ABT-702), a novel, potent (AK IC50 = 1.7 nM) non-nucleoside AK inhibitor with oral activity in animal models of pain and inflammation.
ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH AND GROWTH OF RING-NECKED PHEASANTS FOLLOWING CONSUMPTION OF INFECTED INSECTS OR CONIDIA OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum AND Beauveria bassiana , FROM MADAGASCAR AND NORTH AMERICA (2002)

Isolates of two fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum) from Madagascar are being developed for control of grasshoppers and locusts, as part of a search for alternatives to environmentally detrimental chemical insecticides. The probable effects of these entomopathogens on nontarget species must be determined before operational use. Birds may become exposed to these fungi either directly, by consuming spores deposited on their food items, or secondarily, by consuming grasshoppers or locusts that have died from infection by these biocontrol agents. This article presents the results of per os challenge from fungus-infected food items. Male and female ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were exposed at 4 d of age and again at 9 d of age to challenge treatments, or 2 control treatments (18 male and 18 female birds per treatment group). Pheasants were weighed at 9, 17, and 25 d of age, tarsal length was measured at 25 d of age, and they were observed daily for signs of adverse effects of the experimental treatments. At the time of euthanasia (25 d of age), 2 or 3 randomly selected birds from each of the groups exposed to infected grasshoppers, plus the 2 control groups, underwent complete necropsies and histopathological examination of 16 tissues from each bird. Results show that in both sexes, weight gain at both 17 and 25 d was not significantly different between challenge groups and control groups. Tarsal length at 25 d of age, an indication of structural growth, was also not markedly different among challenged and control groups. Histopathological changes were generally undetectable, mild, or moderate, and not consistently associated with any treatment. Based on these findings, there is little indication that birds are susceptible to detrimental health effects from direct or secondary exposure to the two entomopathogenic fungi studied.
FDTD computation of power deposition in the head for cellular telephones (2002)

The finite-difference time-domain method is used to calculate radiation pattern and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human head due to cellular telephones. For realistic simulation of the ordinary positions of holding the phone, the ear of the model is pressed against the head, the head is tilted at an appropriate angle, and the hand is approximately represented. Cellular phones at frequencies of 835 and 1900 MHz are simulated with monopole above handsets with antenna lengths of /spl lambda//4 and 3 /spl lambda//8. The time-averaged radiated power of 600 mW is used for the 835 MHz test cases, and 125 mW is used for 1900 MHz. The importance of detailed modeling of the tissues is examined by comparing heterogeneous and homogeneous models, and the effect of realistically tilting the phone against the head is also examined. A novel method to truncate the head model to save computer memory is presented.
Understanding web browsing behaviors through Weibull analysis of dwell time (2010)

Dwell time on Web pages has been extensively used for various information retrieval tasks. However, some basic yet important questions have not been sufficiently addressed, eg, what distribution is appropriate to model the distribution of dwell times on a Web page, and furthermore, what the distribution tells us about the underlying browsing behaviors. In this paper, we draw an analogy between abandoning a page during Web browsing and a system failure in reliability analysis, and propose to model the dwell time using the Weibull distribution. Using this distribution provides better goodness-of-fit to real world data, and it uncovers some interesting patterns of user browsing behaviors not previously reported. For example, our analysis reveals that Web browsing in general exhibits a significant "negative aging" phenomenon, which means that some initial screening has to be passed before a page is examined in detail, giving rise to the browsing behavior that we call "screen-and-glean." In addition, we demonstrate that dwell time distributions can be reasonably predicted purely based on low-level page features, which broadens the possible applications of this study to situations where log data may be unavailable.
Update on the Nested Hall Thruster Subsystem for the NextSTEP XR-100 Program (2018)

Under the NextSTEP program led by Aerojet Rocketdyne in collaboration with NASA Glenn Research Center the University of Michigan, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the XR-100 100 kW Electric Propulsion system is being developed to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 5. As part of this program, the X3, a Nested Hall Thruster (NHT) designed to operate at powers up to 200kW, is being further developed through parallel modeling and experimental efforts with the ultimate goal of supporting a 100kW-100hr system test in the final year of the NextSTEP program. Recent developments for the X3 subsystem are presented including a summary of testing and modeling results and design updates in anticipation of a risk reduction test scheduled for the summer of 2018.
Local translation of classes of mRNAs that are targeted to neuronal dendrites (2001)

The functioning of the neuronal dendrite results from a variety of biological processes including mRNA transport to and protein translation in the dendrite. The complexity of the mRNA population in dendrites suggests that specific biological processes are modulated through the regulation of dendritic biology. There are various classes of mRNAs in dendrites whose translation modulates the ability of the dendrite to receive and integrate presynaptic information. Among these mRNAs are those encoding selective transcription factors that function in the neuronal soma and ionotropic glutamate receptors that function on the neuronal membrane. Conclusive evidence that these mRNAs can be translated is reviewed, and identification of the endogenous sites of translation in living dendrites is presented. These data, as well as those described in the other articles resulting from this colloquium, highlight the complexity of dendritic molecular biology and the exquisitely selective and sensitive modulatory role played by the dendrite in facilitating intracellular and intercellular communication.
Expression of an enzymatically active polymerase of human hepatitis B virus in a coupled transcription-translation system (1999)

Genome replication of hepadnavirus proceeds by reverse transcription from a viral pregenomic RNA template by a virally encoded polymerase that possesses protein-priming, reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, and RNase H activities. Characterization of this enzyme has been hampered by failure to purify an active enzyme from virions and difficulties in expressing an active polymerase in heterologous systems. In this study, we constructed human hepatitis B virus polymerase cDNA under the control of a phage T7 promoter and expressed it in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate-coupled transcription-translation system. In vitro site-directed mutagenesis confirmed that the recombinant polymerase cDNA produced three products: a full-length protein (~94 kDa), an internally initiated protein (~81 kDa), and an N-terminal protein (~40 kDa). The in vitro expressed polymerase possessed protein priming activity, as demonstrated by 32P-dGTP-labeling of the full size polymerase and the N-terminal portion of the molecule in an in vitro priming assay. The polymerase also exhibited polymerization activity, as detected in an in vitro polymerase assay by incorporation of radionucleotides into acid-precipitable polynucleotides and by synthesis of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific DNA with product lengths between 100 and 500 nucleotides. In addition, the polymerase was found to use an RNA sequence bearing HBV DR1/epsilon stem-loop motif as a template for DNA synthesis. Both the protein-priming and the reverse transcription activities of this recombinant polymerase are dependent on the RNA fragment containing the HBV DR1/epsilon stem-loop sequence known to be required for the polymerase activities. The in vitro systems used in this study will be applicable to further functional and biochemical studies of this enzyme.Key words: hepadnavirus, HBV polymerase, protein priming, reverse transcription, rabbit reticulocyte lysate.
Point of View (2004)

From the Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California. The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Peter O. Newton, MD, Children’s Hospital San Diego, 3030 Children’s Way, Suite 410, San Diego, CA 92123, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
Fast Distributed Dynamics of Semantic Networks via Social Media (2015)

We investigate the dynamics of semantic organization using social media, a collective expression of human thought. We propose a novel, time-dependent semantic similarity measure (TSS), based on the social network Twitter. We show that TSS is consistent with static measures of similarity but provides high temporal resolution for the identification of real-world events and induced changes in the distributed structure of semantic relationships across the entire lexicon. Using TSS, we measured the evolution of a concept and its movement along the semantic neighborhood, driven by specific news/events. Finally, we showed that particular events may trigger a temporary reorganization of elements in the semantic network.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Enantioselective Syntheses of Optically Active (1R)‐cis‐ and (1R) ‐trans‐Chrysanthemic Acids. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preclinical Manufacture of an Anti-HER2 scFv-PEG-DSPE, Liposome-Inserting Conjugate. 1. Gram-Scale Production and Purification (2005)

A GMP-compliant process is described for producing F5cys-PEG-lipid conjugate. This material fuses with preformed, drug-loaded liposomes, to form "immunoliposomes" that bind to HER2/neu overexpressing carcinomas, stimulates drug internalization, and ideally improves the encapsulated drug's therapeutic index. The soluble, single-chain, variable region antibody fragment, designated F5cys, was produced in E. coli strain RV308 using high-density cultures. Affinity adsorption onto horizontally tumbled Streamline rProtein-A resin robustly recovered F5cys from high-pressure-disrupted, whole-cell homogenates. Two product-related impurity classes were identified: F5cys with mid-sequence discontinuities and F5cys with remnants of a pelB leader peptide. Low-pressure cation exchange chromatography, conducted at elevated pH under reducing conditions, enriched target F5cys relative to these impurities and prepared a C-terminal cysteine for conjugation. Site-directed conjugation, conducted at pH 5.9 +/- 0.1 with reaction monitoring and cysteine quenching, yielded F5cys-MP-PEG(2000)-DSPE. Low-pressure size exclusion chromatography separated spontaneously formed, high-molecular-weight conjugate micelles from low-molecular-weight impurities. When formulated at 1-2 mg/mL in 10 mM trisodium citrate, 10% sucrose (w/v), at pH 6.4 (HCl), the conjugate was stable when stored below -70 degrees C. Six scale-up lots were compared. The largest 40-L culture produced enough F5cys to manufacture 2,085 mg of conjugate, enough to support planned preclinical and future clinical trials. The conjugate was 93% pure, as measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Impurities were primarily identified as product-related. Residual endotoxin, rProtein A, and genomic DNA, were at acceptable levels. This study successfully addressed a necessary step in the scale-up of immunoliposome-encapsulated therapeutics.