gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei-like strains (1997)

Previous reports in the literature suggest that Burkholderia pseudomallei strains can be differentiated on the basis of animal virulence. Twenty environmentally and clinically derived isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei were examined for the production of exoenzymes, morphological and biochemical phenotypes and virulence for Syrian golden hamsters. The partial sequence of the 16S ribosomal RNA [rRNA] genes from a number of these strains was also determined. Based upon these observations, it is suggested that highly virulent Burkholderia pseudomallei strains are true Burkholderia pseudomallei strains. The DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of the true Burkholderia pseudomallei strains were identical to the published sequences for Burkholderia pseudomallei while differences were revealed between the published sequences and those of the lowly virulent strains. Thus, these latter strains have been designated as Burkholderia pseudomallei-like organisms since they demonstrate significant differences in exoenzyme production, hamster virulence and 16S rRNA gene sequences.
Measurement Technique of Slug Flow Characteristics Using Image Data Processing (1999)

Geysering may be induced during start-up in natural circulation boiling water reactors. It is necessary for simulation of this flow instability to model the coalescence mechanism and condensation process of slug bubbles. In this work, image data processing technique using a CCD digital camera has been developed to measure slug flow characteristics. The developed measurement technique of rising velocity of slug bubbles and liquid film thickness surrounding a bubble and its measurement accuracy are discussed in this paper.
Comparison of Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance of High Strength Steel Sheets Evaluated by Several Methods (2016)

Applications of ultra-high strength steel sheets to automotive bodies have expanded steadily in recent years. Various methods are used to evaluate resistance to hydrogen embrittlement (HE), which is one problem of ultra-high strength steels. In this study, the critical HE conditions obtained by the SSRT, CSRT and 4-point bending test were compared by using the same materials. The materials were two ultra-high strength steel sheets with tempered martensite microstructures, one with the SCM435 composition and the other a V-added steel containing many hydrogen trapping precipitations. The specimens were charged with hydrogen by the cathodic charging method. The specimens used in the SSRT and CSRT were machined with notches on both sides of the parallel part. The values of the stress concentration factor (Kt) of the specimens were 4.26 and 1.76. A coupon-shaped specimen was used in the 4-point bending test. The critical HE conditions evaluated by the average applied stress and the average hydrogen content of the specimen were different depending on the test methods. The HE conditions were also evaluated by the local stress and the local accumulated diffusible hydrogen content at the fracture initiation point. The critical condition evaluated by the 4-point bending test was located in a higher stress and higher hydrogen content region compared with the critical conditions obtained by the CSRT and the SSRT.
Data from Pleiotropic Mechanisms Drive Endocrine Resistance in the Three-Dimensional Bone Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although hormonal therapy (HT) inhibits the growth of hormone receptor–positive (HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;) breast and prostate cancers, HT resistance frequently develops within the complex metastatic microenvironment of the host organ (often the bone), a setting poorly recapitulated in 2D culture systems. To address this limitation, we cultured HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; breast cancer and prostate cancer spheroids and patient-derived organoids in 3D extracellular matrices (ECM) alone or together with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). In 3D monocultures, antiestrogens and antiandrogens induced anoikis by abrogating anchorage-independent growth of HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cancer cells but exhibited only modest effects against tumor cells residing in the ECM niche. In contrast, BMSC induced hormone-independent growth of breast cancer and prostate cancer spheroids and restored lumen filling in the presence of HR-targeting agents. Molecular and functional characterization of BMSC-induced hormone independence and HT resistance in anchorage-independent cells revealed distinct context-dependent mechanisms. Cocultures of ZR75-1 and LNCaP with BMSCs exhibited paracrine IL6-induced HT resistance via attenuation of HR protein expression, which was reversed by inhibition of IL6 or JAK signaling. Paracrine IL6/JAK/STAT3-mediated HT resistance was confirmed in patient-derived organoids cocultured with BMSCs. Distinctly, MCF7 and T47D spheroids retained ER protein expression in cocultures but acquired redundant compensatory signals enabling anchorage independence via ERK and PI3K bypass cascades activated in a non–IL6-dependent manner. Collectively, these data characterize the pleiotropic hormone-independent mechanisms underlying acquisition and restoration of anchorage-independent growth in HR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumors. Combined analysis of tumor and microenvironmental biomarkers in metastatic biopsies of HT-resistant patients can help refine treatment approaches.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study uncovers a previously underappreciated dependency of tumor cells on HR signaling for anchorage-independent growth and highlights how the metastatic microenvironment restores this malignant property of cancer cells during hormone therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Substrate Activation in the Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N‐Heteroarenes (2015)

Abstract Different methods for transforming N ‐heteroarenes into more reactive derivatives for catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation are highlighted. The first strategy consists of facilitating hydrogenation by the formation of positively charged derivatives of the heteroarene. Catalyst deactivation processes arising upon binding of the substrate to the metal center can thus be prevented and, additionally, hydrogenation of positively charged heteroarenes may also be more favored than that of their neutral analogues. The second strategy is based on introducing a ligating group onto the substrate to assist its coordination to the metal center and facilitate hydrogenation by chelation assistance. The last strategy involves breaking the aromaticity of the heteroarene by inducing a double‐bond migration process. This microreview summarizes advances made in the above strategies, which have allowed the development of highly enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of N ‐heteroarenes for the production of fully or partially saturated chiral heterocycles.
A Compact, Low-Power, Low-NF, Millimeter-Wave Cascode LNA With Magnetic Coupling Feedback in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS for 5G Applications (2022)

This brief presents a 2-stage, low-power, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) LNA that aims at first to reduce its passive area through a transformer formed with inductors between the gate and source sides of the input transistor in a source-degenerated cascode. While reducing the passive area, the introduced transformer creates a magnetic feedback that further reduces the LNA’s noise figure (NF). We provide a theoretical analysis of this feedback-based noise reduction method and validate it with simulations and experimental results. The LNA has been fabricated in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS and has a core area of only 0.09 mm2. The measurement results show that this design achieves a minimum 2.1 dB NF and a maximum 23.1 dB gain between 23.7–28.5 GHz at a power dissipation of only 5.6 mW from a 0.6V supply. Furthermore, despite using only a 0.6V supply voltage, IIP3 can still reach −16.5 dBm at 28 GHz. Targeting mm-wave 5G applications, the presented LNA is among the best-in-class with a sub-1V supply voltage.
A New Reaction of Aminoiminomethanesulfonic Acid with Methyl Anthranilates (1998)

Abstract A new double guanidinylation and cyclization reaction of aminoiminomethanesulfonic acid with methyl anthranilates to yield 5H-quinazolino[3,2-a]quinazoline-5,12 (6H)-diones is described. Notes Aminoiminomethanesulfonic acid was prepared according to the procedure described in reference 2
Optical Equalization of 42.7-Gbaud Bandlimited RZ-DQPSK Signals (2007)

We demonstrate the use of an optical equalizer to allow 42.7-Gbaud (85.4-Gb/s) return-to-zero differential quadrature phase-shift keyed signals to better tolerate the narrow optical filtering required in high-spectral-efficiency systems. The equalizer passbands are repetitive, enabling the equalization of multiple channels.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Transient Antiangiogenic Treatment Improves Delivery of Cytotoxic Compounds and Therapeutic Outcome in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 66KB&lt;/p&gt;
Soft missing-feature mask generation for Robot Audition (2010)

Abstract This paper describes an improvement in automatic speech recognition (ASR) for robot audition by introducing Missing Feature Theory (MFT) based on soft missing feature masks (MFM) to realize natural human-robot interaction. In an everyday environment, a robot’s microphones capture various sounds besides the user’s utterances. Although sound-source separation is an effective way to enhance the user’s utterances, it inevitably produces errors due to reflection and reverberation. MFT is able to cope with these errors. First, MFMs are generated based on the reliability of time-frequency components. Then ASR weighs the time-frequency components according to the MFMs. We propose a new method to automatically generate soft MFMs, consisting of continuous values from 0 to 1 based on a sigmoid function. The proposed MFM generation was implemented for HRP-2 using HARK, our open-sourced robot audition software. Preliminary results show that the soft MFM outperformed a hard (binary) MFM in recognizing three simultaneous utterances. In a human-robot interaction task, the interval limitations between two adjacent loudspeakers were reduced from 60 degrees to 30 degrees by using soft MFMs.
Causal Inference for Social Network Data (2022)

We describe semiparametric estimation and inference for causal effects using observational data from a single social network. Our asymptotic results are the first to allow for dependence of each observation on a growing number of other units as sample size increases. In addition, while previous methods have implicitly permitted only one of two possible sources of dependence among social network observations, we allow for both dependence due to transmission of information across network ties and for dependence due to latent similarities among nodes sharing ties. We propose new causal effects that are specifically of interest in social network settings, such as interventions on network ties and network structure. We use our methods to reanalyze an influential and controversial study that estimated causal peer effects of obesity using social network data from the Framingham Heart Study; after accounting for network structure we find no evidence for causal peer effects.
Biological preconcentrator (2023)

A biological preconcentrator comprises a stimulus-responsive active film on a stimulus-producing microfabricated platform. The active film can comprise a thermally switchable polymer film that can be used to selectively absorb and desorb proteins from a protein mixture. The biological microfabricated platform can comprise a thin membrane suspended on a substrate with an integral resistive heater and/or thermoelectric cooler for thermal switching of the active polymer film disposed on the membrane. The active polymer film can comprise hydrogel-like polymers, such as poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(n-isopropylacrylamide), that are tethered to the membrane. The biological preconcentrator can be fabricated with semiconductor materials and technologies.
Universally Composable Notions of Key Exchange and Secure Channels (Extended Abstract) (2002)

Recently, Canetti and Krawczyk (Eurocrypt'2001) formu- lated a notion of security for key-exchange (ke) protocols, called SK- security, and showed that this notion suffices for constructing secure channels. However, their model and proofs do not suffice for proving more general composability properties of SK-secure ke protocols. We show that while the notion of SK-security is strictly weaker than a fully-idealized notion of key exchange security, it is sufficiently robust for providing secure composition with arbitrary protocols. In particular, SK-security guarantees the security of the key for any application that desires to set-up secret keys between pairs of parties. We also provide new definitions of secure-channels protocols with similarly strong com- posability properties, and show that SK-security suffices for obtaining these definitions. To obtain these results we use the recently proposed framework of uni- versally composable (UC) security. We also use a new tool, called non- information oracles, which will probably find applications beyond the present case. These tools allow us to bridge between seemingly limited indistinguishability-based definitions such as SK-security and more pow- erful, simulation-based definitions, such as UC security, where general composition theorems can be proven. Furthermore, based on such compo- sition theorems we reduce the analysis of a full-fledged multi-session key- exchange protocol to the (simpler) analysis of individual, stand-alone, key-exchange sessions.
Search for top quark partners with charge 5/3 in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2017)

A search for the production of heavy partners of the top quark with charge 5/3 (X 5/3 ) decaying into a top quark and a W boson is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb -1 , collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Final states with either a pair of same-sign leptons or a single lepton, along with jets, are considered. No significant excess is observed in the data above the expected standard model background contribution and an X 5/3 quark with right-handed (left-handed) couplings is excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 1020 (990) GeV. These are the first limits based on a combination of the same-sign dilepton and the single-lepton final states, as well as the most stringent limits on the X 5/3 mass to date.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Targeting Nodal in Conjunction with Dacarbazine Induces Synergistic Anticancer Effects in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Nodal in SK-MEL-28 cells surviving treatment with the B-RAF inhibitor, RG7204.&lt;/p&gt;
Fitness Costs for Influenza B Viruses Carrying Neuraminidase Inhibitor-Resistant Substitutions: Underscoring the Importance of E119A and H274Y (2014)

Influenza B viruses cause annual outbreaks of respiratory illness in humans and are increasingly recognized as a major cause of influenza-associated pediatric mortality. Neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) are the only available therapy for patients infected with influenza B viruses, and the potential emergence of NAI-resistant viruses is a public health concern. The NA substitutions located within the enzyme active site could not only reduce NAI susceptibility of influenza B virus but also affect virus fitness. In this study, we investigated the effect of single NA substitutions on the fitness of influenza B/Yamanashi/166/1998 viruses (Yamagata lineage). We generated recombinant viruses containing either wild-type (WT) NA or NA with a substitution in the catalytic (R371K) or framework (E119A, D198E, D198Y, I222T, H274Y, and N294S) residues. We assessed NAI susceptibility, NA biochemical properties, NA protein expression, and virus replication in vitro and in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells. Our results showed that four NA substitutions (D198E, I222T, H274Y, and N294S) conferred reduced inhibition by oseltamivir and three (E119A, D198Y, and R371K) conferred highly reduced inhibition by oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir. All NA substitutions, except for D198Y and R371K, were genetically stable after seven passages in MDCK cells. Cell surface NA protein expression was significantly increased by H274Y and N294S substitutions. Viruses with the E119A, I222T, H274Y, or N294S substitution were not attenuated in replication efficiency in vitro or in NHBE cells. Overall, viruses with the E119A or H274Y NA substitution possess fitness comparable to NAI-susceptible virus, and the acquisition of these substitutions by influenza B viruses should be closely monitored.
Equilibrium-to-Equilibrium Maneuvers of Flexible Electrodynamic Tethers in Equatorial Orbits (2004)

The relative equilibria for satellite tether systems, when the tether is modeled as a single rigid pendulum, have been characterized. The satellite, to which the tether is attached, was assumed to move in equatorial circular orbits. The magnetic field of the Earth was modeled as a nontilted dipole. In the presence of electrodynamic forces, a control resistor in series with the tether resistance was used for equilibrium-to-equilibrium maneuvers of the tether. This idea is extended to study relative equilibria of flexible, but massless, tethers. The effects of electrodynamic forces on the tether are considered. The relative equilibrium configurations of the system are studied assuming that one of the satellites is very massive, that is, it is constrained to a certain orbit and it is not affected by the motion of the tether and the end mass. The relative equilibrium configurations are found to be unstable. A control resistor in series with the electrodynamic tether is used to regulate the tether around its equilibrium configurations. The control resistor is also used to perform equilibrium-to-equilibrium maneuvers of this underactuated system.
z-STED imaging and spectroscopy to investigate nanoscale membrane structure and dynamics (2019)

Abstract Super-resolution STED microcopy provides optical resolution beyond the diffraction limit. The resolution can be increased laterally (xy/2D) or axially (z/3D). 2D STED has been extensively used to elucidate the nanoscale membrane structure and dynamics, via imaging or combined with spectroscopy techniques such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and spectral imaging. On the contrary, z-STED has not been used in this context. Here, we show that a combination of z-STED with FCS or spectral imaging enables us to see previously unobservable aspects of cellular membranes. We show that thanks to an axial resolution of approximately 100 nm, z-STED can be used to distinguish axially close-by membranes, early endocytic vesicles or tubular membrane structures. Combination of z-STED with FCS and spectral imaging showed diffusion dynamics and lipid organization in these structures, respectively.
A Model for First-Wall Thermal Response to Plasma Energy Deposition (1986)

A primarily analytical thermal analysis model is presented which allows for calculation of temperatures in fusion reactor first walls. The model utilizes input from plasma physics calculations coupling a 2-1/2 dimensional geometric analysis with a 1-dimensional heat conduction treatment to determine temperature profiles over the surface of and within the first wall. The results are primarily applicable to the steady-state operation of magnetic confinement devices such as tokamaks.Effects of wall geometry, toroidal curvature, and wall corrugation are considered in computing local power loadings from bremsstrahlung, cyclotron radiation, charged particles, and neutrons. Temperature solutions based on these loadings are developed by expanding into a MacLaurin series and utilizing the principle of superposition. A sequential calculation scheme is employed in lieu of traditional matrix methods in determining temperature distributions in composite walls.The model and corresponding solution methods are applied to three illustrative fusion reactor designs. Significant gains in accuracy are indicated over thermal analysis methods previously used.
Experiences with Building Disaster Recovery for Enterprise-Class Clouds (2015)

The ability to recover from disasters is an important requirement for many enterprises. With enterprise-class workloads increasingly hosted on the cloud, cloud customers have come to expect disaster recovery (DR) as a necessary feature from cloud platforms. This paper identifies key challenges in providing DR as a service on enterprise cloud platforms, and portrays DR solutions for a managed cloud platform. In particular, we present the reference architecture for DR solutions, and describe our practical experiences in providing a portfolio of DR solutions for the cloud platform. The solutions cover diverse target recovery sites, such as an equivalent cloud site, a dedicated recovery site, and a customer-owned site. From the experiences, we provide insights into and lessons on implementing DR for enterprise-class clouds.
(2,6-Diphenylphenolato-κO)bis(2-methylquinolin-8-olato-κ2N,O)gallium(III) (2007)

The title compound, [Ga(C10H8NO)2(C18H13O)], is a mononuclear five-coordinate Ga complex having a trigonal–bipyramidal geometry in which the O-donor atoms of the phenolate and of the two quinolinolate ligands form the trigonal equatorial plane, and the N atoms are in axial positions.
Studies of initial reaction steps in the gasification of coal and selected model compounds. Final technical report, September 1981-August 1983 (1983)

The objective of this work is to study the chemistry and reaction mechanism of species resulting from the pyrolysis of coal particles. Emphasis is placed on clarifying and understanding coal chemistry during the early initial steps of coal gasification where highly reactive gas phase intermediate species can be observed by rapidly bringing the coal to reaction temperature. The experiments are designed such that reactive gas phase intermediates can leave the reaction zone without wall collisions and be trapped with an inert gas on a cold (12/sup 0/K) matrix surface. Identification and characterization of these gaseous species and possibly free radicals are performed in a newly designed matrix isolation system coupled to a high resolution Fourier Transform I.R. Variables such as temperature, coal particle size, heating technique, tar formation, and addition of isotopically enriched reactant species were studied. Structural data of coal from fluorocoal and polycyclic aromatic model compounds were also pursued. 23 refs., 48 figs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Solution to the Alkylation of the Highly Base‐Sensitive 1,1‐Dichloroacetone. Application to the Synthesis of Z‐Alkenoates and E,E‐Dienoates. (2016)

Abstract The reaction of xanthate (I) and various alkenes can provide the access to functionalized gem‐α‐dichloroketones [e.g. (III)], which can be further derived to alkenoates [e.g. (VI) and (VIII)] and dienoates [e.g. (IX)].
Proportional-Resonant Controllers. A New Breed of Controllers Suitable for Grid-Connected Voltage-Source Converters (2004)

This paper is describing the recently introduced proportional-resonant (PR) controllers and their suitability for grid-connected converters current control. It is shown that the known shortcomings associated with PI controllers like steady - state error for single-phase converters and the need of decoupling for three-phase converters can be alleviated. Additionally, selective harmonic compensation is also possible with PR controllers. Suggested control-diagrams for three-phase grid converters and active filters are also presented. A practical application of PR current control for a photovoltaic (PV) inverter is also described.
SNPs Meet CNVs in Genome-Wide Association Studies: HGV2007 Meeting Report (2008)

No abstract