gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iris Recognition in Multiple Spectral Bands: From Visible to Short Wave Infrared (2011)

The human iris is traditionally imaged in Near Infrared (NIR) wavelengths (700nm-900nm) for iris recognition. The absorption co-efficient of color inducing pigment in iris, called Melanin, decreases after 700nm thus minimizing its effect when iris is imaged at wavelengths greater than 700nm. This thesis provides an overview and explores the efficacy of iris recognition at different wavelength bands ranging from visible spectrum (450nm-700nm) to NIR (700nm-900nm) and Short Wave Infrared (900nm-1600nm). Different matching methods are investigated at different wavelength bands to facilitate cross-spectral iris recognition.;The iris recognition analysis in visible wavelengths provides a baseline performance when iris is captured using common digital cameras. A novel blob-based matching algorithm is proposed to match RGB (visible spectrum) iris images. This technique generates a match score based on the similarity between blob like structures in the iris images. The matching performance of the blob based matching method is compared against that of classical 'Iris Code' matching method, SIFT-based matching method and simple correlation matching, and results indicate that the blob-based matching method performs reasonably well. Additional experiments on the datasets show that the iris images can be matched with higher confidence for light colored irides than dark colored irides in the visible spectrum.;As part of the analysis in the NIR spectrum, iris images captured in visible spectrum are matched against those captured in the NIR spectrum. Experimental results on the WVU multispectral dataset show promise in achieving a good recognition performance when the images are captured using the same sensor under the same illumination conditions and at the same resolution. A new proprietary 'FaceIris' dataset is used to investigate the ability to match iris images from a high resolution face image in visible spectrum against an iris image acquired in NIR spectrum. Matching in 'FaceIris' dataset presents a scenario where the two images to be matched are obtained by different sensors at different wavelengths, at different ambient illumination and at different resolution. Cross-spectral matching on the 'FaceIris' dataset presented a challenge to achieve good performance. Also, the effect of the choice of the radial and angular parameters of the normalized iris image on matching performance is presented. The experiments on WVU multispectral dataset resulted in good separation between genuine and impostor score distributions for cross-spectral matching which indicates that iris images in obtained in visible spectrum can be successfully matched against NIR iris images using 'IrisCode' method.;Iris is also analyzed in the Short
Liposomal Therapy Attenuates Dermonecrosis Induced by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting α-Type Phenol-Soluble Modulins and α-Hemolysin (2018)

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), typified by the pulse-field type USA300, is an emerging endemic pathogen that is spreading rapidly among healthy people. CA-MRSA causes skin and soft tissue infections, life-threatening necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis, and is remarkably resistant to many antibiotics. Here we show that engineered liposomes composed of naturally occurring sphingomyelin were able to sequester cytolytic toxins secreted by USA300 and prevent necrosis of human erythrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bronchial epithelial cells. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed the capture by liposomes of phenol-soluble modulins, α-hemolysin and other toxins. Sphingomyelin liposomes prevented hemolysis induced by pure phenol-soluble modulin-α3, one of the main cytolytic components in the USA300 secretome. In contrast, sphingomyelin liposomes harboring a high cholesterol content (66 mol/%) were unable to protect human cells from phenol-soluble modulin-α3-induced lysis, however these liposomes efficiently sequestered the potent staphylococcal toxin α-hemolysin. In a murine cutaneous abscess model, a single dose of either type of liposomes was sufficient to significantly decrease tissue dermonecrosis. Our results provide further insights into the promising potential of tailored liposomal therapy in the battle against infectious diseases.
RUL prediction of lithium batteries based on DLUKF algorithm (2020)

Lithium batteries have been widely used in various fields, but there are still some safety problems. Once an explosion occurs, people's lives and property will be damaged seriously. In order to strengthen the safety of lithium batteries, it is necessary to master the maintenance of lithium batteries technology. Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium batteries is beneficial to the maintenance of the battery, so that its safety can be improved. The traditional unscented Kalman filtering (UKF) method has been used in RUL prediction of lithium batteries, but there are still some problems such as low prediction accuracy because of the system's high non-linearity. In this paper, an improved unscented Kalman filtering method for predicting the RUL of lithium batteries is used. The formula for calculating the weights by particle filter (PF) is used to change the weights in the UKF, and then in order to get the state and covariance at the next moment, the changed weights are additionally used in the measurement mechanism. The new method is verified more accurately by the open source battery capacity decay data from Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering.
COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL ORAL CYCLOSPORINE AND CYCLOSPORINE MICROEMULSION FORMULATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH A LIVER TRANSPLANT (1996)

We studied 22 children (mean age: 8.42 years, range: 1.9-15.6 years) with a liver transplant to compare the pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporine (CsA) microemulsion to the conventional formulation. The CsA treatment (mean dose: 5.9 mg/kg/day, range: 3.0-11.7 mg/kg/day) was converted 1:1 on a milligram-to-milligram basis to the microemulsion formulation. Five days after the conversion, the mean peak blood CsA concentration was higher (microemulsion: 963 ng/ml, range: 518-1864 ng/ml; conventional: 431 ng/ml, range: 98-888 ng/ml; P<0.0001) and it was reached faster (median time of peak concentration: 1.6 hr vs. 2.9 hr, range: 1.0-3.0 hr vs. 1.9-4.0 hr; P=0.0009). The absorption lasted on the average 19% longer after the conventional formulation. The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) was larger after the microemulsion formulation in all but one patient (P=0.001) by a mean factor of 1.80 (range: 0.72-3.04). The trough CsA level after the microemulsion formulation was more closely related to peak concentration (r2=0.86 vs. 0.45) and AUC (r2=0.84 vs. 0.47); thus, therapeutic drug monitoring may be more useful. After 6 months on the new formulation, the results for the whole group were similar, but in five children the AUC was comparable to the AUC obtained with the conventional formulation. No rejections occurred, and the liver and kidney functions remained unchanged. A 1:1 conversion can be safely performed in children, based on a 6-month follow-up. However, the total drug exposure changes in significant ways, which, on a long-term basis, may improve the immunosuppression in an underimmunosuppressed patient, but may increase the risk for dose-related adverse effects in others.
Shear Induced Non-Linear Elasticity Imaging: Elastography for Compound Deformations (2020)

The goal of non-linear ultrasound elastography is to characterize tissue mechanical properties under finite deformations. Existing methods produce high contrast non-linear elastograms under conditions of pure uni-axial compression, but exhibit bias errors of 10-50% when the applied deformation deviates from the uni-axial condition. Since freehand transducer motion generally does not produce pure uniaxial compression, a motion-agnostic non-linearity estimator is desirable for clinical translation. Here we derive an expression for measurement of the Non-Linear Shear Modulus (NLSM) of tissue subject to combined shear and axial deformations. This method gives consistent nonlinear elasticity estimates irrespective of the type of applied deformation, with a reduced bias in NLSM values to 6-13%. The method combines quasi-static strain imaging with Single-Track Location-Shear Wave Elastography (STL-SWEI) to generate local estimates of axial strain, shear strain, and Shear Wave Speed (SWS). These local values were registered and non-linear elastograms reconstructed with a novel nonlinear shear modulus estimation scheme for general deformations. Results on tissue mimicking phantoms were validated with mechanical measurements and multiphysics simulations for all deformation types with an error in NLSM of 6-13%. Quantitative performance metrics with the new compound-motion tracking strategy reveal a 10-15 dB improvement in Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for simple shear versus pure compressive deformation for NLSM elastograms of homogeneous phantoms. Similarly, the Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) of NLSM elastograms of inclusion phantoms improved by 25-30% for simple shear over pure uni-axial compression. Our results show that high fidelity NLSM estimates may be obtained at ~30% lower strain under conditions of shear deformation as opposed axial compression. The reduction in strain required could reduce sonographer effort and improve scan safety.
Spectral-shape optimized FM noise radar for pulse agility (2016)

A non-repeating, spectrum-optimized FM waveform suitable for radar pulse agility is described. The waveform is an alternative manifestation of the recently developed pseudo-random optimized (PRO) FMCW framework for FM noise radar, now implemented in a pulsed form. Each pulsed FM waveform is iteratively optimized to match a spectrum shape with low range sidelobes and good spectral properties, while the random initialization for each waveform ensures sufficient diversity that the resulting optimized form is unique, thereby providing decoherence of range sidelobes. The performance of this pulse-agile structure is examined in simulation and subsequently demonstrated with measured results of static and moving targets.
Use of the 70° Arthroscope for Improved Visualization With Common Arthroscopic Procedures (2010)

The vast majority of common arthroscopic procedures are performed with a 30° arthroscope for visualization. Although the 70° arthroscope has been described for a myriad of applications, its utility has recently been forgotten. We have explored the use of the 70° arthroscope for a myriad of arthroscopic procedures and identified a number of circumstances in which it offers superior visualization to a 30° arthroscope. These procedures include arthroscopic shoulder stabilization, distal clavicle resection, acromioclavicular joint reconstruction, rotator cuff repair, elbow arthroscopy, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, arthroscopy of the posterior knee compartments, hip arthroscopy, and subdeltoid shoulder arthroscopy.
Transmission of sound through a viscoelastic layer on an elastic shell (1990)

The transmission of water-borne sound through a viscoelastic layer on an infinite cylindrical elastic shell is calculated. The viscoelastic layer is a lossy material characterized by complex elastic moduli, with the imaginary part of the modulus comparable in magnitude to the real part. Therefore, the partial wave expansion for the sound field in the layer uses cylindrical functions with large complex arguments. The numerical problems, and solutions, related to the large complex arguments are discussed. The calculated values for the shell displacement are compared with experimental data.
Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H5Nx) Viruses with Altered H5 Receptor-Binding Specificity (2016)

Emergence and intercontinental spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5Nx) virus clade 2.3.4.4 is unprecedented. H5N8 and H5N2 viruses have caused major economic losses in the poultry industry in Europe and North America, and lethal human infections with H5N6 virus have occurred in Asia. Knowledge of the evolution of receptor-binding specificity of these viruses, which might affect host range, is urgently needed. We report that emergence of these viruses is accompanied by a change in receptor-binding specificity. In contrast to ancestral clade 2.3.4 H5 proteins, novel clade 2.3.4.4 H5 proteins bind to fucosylated sialosides because of substitutions K222Q and S227R, which are unique for highly pathogenic influenza virus H5 proteins. North American clade 2.3.4.4 virus isolates have retained only the K222Q substitution but still bind fucosylated sialosides. Altered receptor-binding specificity of virus clade 2.3.4.4 H5 proteins might have contributed to emergence and spread of H5Nx viruses.
Basic Theory and Design of Electronically Regulated Power Supplies (1945)

Various types of electronic regulator circuits are discussed and an analysis is made of the degenerative or cathode-follower type, since it offers the most in flexibility and regulation. Equations are derived showing the theoretical output voltage, regulation characteristics, and output impedance for the basic circuit. Practical-design considerations evolved from these equations show the desirability of high-transconductance series-control tubes and high gain in the amplifier section. A complete circuit is presented for a multiple-output regulator which, by combining regulated sections in opposition, covers the range from 0 to 500 volts. The design is such that a single rectifier and filter are supplying constant current throughout the selected range of output current. This effectively eliminates from consideration the usual regulation introduced by the latter components. Curves are included showing actual regulation characteristics for several combinations of output voltage and current.
Active control of wind turbine noise using audio integrated pillows (2017)

This paper presents integration of active noise control (ANC) system with auditory masking technique to cancel wind turbine noises on pillows and improve sleep quality. By using recorded wind turbine noise, the broadband feedforward and the adaptive feedback ANC algorithms are developed to conduct experiments in real-time. Experimental results show that the feedforward ANC systems reach better performance than the feedback ANC system, and the auditory masking technique can be effectively integrated with the ANC algorithms to mask the residual noise. The generated quiet zone can cover the pillow to support free head movement.
The RNA modification database, RNAMDB: 2011 update (2010)

Since its inception in 1994, The RNA Modification Database (RNAMDB, http://rna-mdb.cas.albany.edu/RNAmods/) has served as a focal point for information pertaining to naturally occurring RNA modifications. In its current state, the database employs an easy-to-use, searchable interface for obtaining detailed data on the 109 currently known RNA modifications. Each entry provides the chemical structure, common name and symbol, elemental composition and mass, CA registry numbers and index name, phylogenetic source, type of RNA species in which it is found, and references to the first reported structure determination and synthesis. Though newly transferred in its entirety to The RNA Institute, the RNAMDB continues to grow with two notable additions, agmatidine and 8-methyladenosine, appended in the last year. The RNA Modification Database is staying up-to-date with significant improvements being prepared for inclusion within the next year and the following year. The expanded future role of The RNA Modification Database will be to serve as a primary information portal for researchers across the entire spectrum of RNA-related research.
The importance of the photon arrival times in STED microscopy (2015)

In a stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope the region from which a fluorophore can spontaneously emit shrinks with the continued STED beam action after the excitation event. This fact has been recently used to implement a versatile, simple and cheap STED microscope that uses a pulsed excitation beam, a STED beam running in continuous-wave (CW) and a time-gated detection: By collecting only the delayed (with respect to the excitation events) fluorescence, the STED beam intensity needed for obtaining a certain spatial resolution strongly reduces, which is fundamental to increase live cell imaging compatibility. This new STED microscopy implementation, namely gated CW-STED, is in essence limited (only) by the reduction of the signal associated with the time-gated detection. Here we show the recent advances in gated CW-STED microscopy and related methods. We show that the time-gated detection can be substituted by more efficient computational methods when the arrival-times of all fluorescence photons are provided.
발효 콩의 NF-κB 활성 억제를 통한 cyclooxgenase-2 활성과 prostaglandin E₂ 생성 억제 (2010)

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is generally known as an inducible enzyme, and it produces arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), which has been demonstrated to play a critical role in inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the extracts of fermented beans including soybean (FS), black agabean (FBA) and yellow agabean (FYA), on the expression of COXs and production of PGE2 in U937 human promonocytic cells. Treatment of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly induced pro-inflammatory mediators such as COX-2 expression and PGE₂ production, whereas the levels of COX-1 remained unchanged. However, pre-treatment with FS, FBA and FYA significantly decreased PMA-induced COX-2 protein as well as mRNA, which is associated with inhibition of PGE₂ production. Moreover, FS, FBA and FYA markedly prevented the increase of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 by PMA. Our data indicate that the extracts of fermented beans exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Microwave frequency generation using a dual-wavelength DBR fiber laser (2006)

We report the generation of microwave signals by mixing a tunable semiconductor laser with a short-cavity dual- wavelength distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser. The DBR laser generated two continuous-wave longitudinal modes separated by 25GHz.
Integrated vertical microcavity using a nano-scale deformation for strong lateral confinement (2013)

We report on the realization of a solid state Fabry-Pérot-like microcavity that uses a small Gaussian-shaped deformation inside the cavity to achieve strong lateral photon confinement on the order of the wavelength. Cavities with a mode volume V &amp;lt; 0.4 μm3 and a quality factor Q &amp;gt; 1000 are fabricated by means of focused ion beam milling, removing the necessity for etched sidewalls as required for micropillar cavities. Perylene-diimide dye doped polystyrene was embedded in the microcavity and probed by time-resolved microphotoluminescence. A Purcell enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate by a factor of 3.5 has been observed at room temperature.
A novel approach to the histrionicotoxin framework (1993)

P. J. Parsons, R. Angell, A. Naylor and E. Tyrell, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 366 DOI: 10.1039/C39930000366
GH safety workshop position paper: a critical appraisal of recombinant human GH therapy in children and adults (2015)

Recombinant human GH (rhGH) has been in use for 30 years, and over that time its safety and efficacy in children and adults has been subject to considerable scrutiny. In 2001, a statement from the GH Research Society (GRS) concluded that 'for approved indications, GH is safe'; however, the statement highlighted a number of areas for on-going surveillance of long-term safety, including cancer risk, impact on glucose homeostasis, and use of high dose pharmacological rhGH treatment. Over the intervening years, there have been a number of publications addressing the safety of rhGH with regard to mortality, cancer and cardiovascular risk, and the need for long-term surveillance of the increasing number of adults who were treated with rhGH in childhood. Against this backdrop of interest in safety, the European Society of Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE), the GRS, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society (PES) convened a meeting to reappraise the safety of rhGH. The ouput of the meeting is a concise position statement.
On0Line Fuel Failure Monitor for Fuel Testing and Monitoring of Gas Cooled Very High Temperature Reactor (2010)

IVery High Temperature Reactors (VHTR) utilize the TRISO microsphere as the fundamental fuel unit in the core. The TRISO microsphere (~ 1- mm diameter) is composed of a UO2 kernel surrounded by a porous pyrolytic graphite buffer, an inner pyrolytic graphite layer, a silicon carbide (SiC) coating, and an outer pyrolytic graphite layer. The U-235 enrichment of the fuel is expected to range from 4% – 10% (higher enrichments are also being considered). The layer/coating system that surrounds the UO2 kernel acts as the containment and main barrier against the environmental release of radioactivity. To understand better the behavior of this fuel under in-core conditions (e.g., high temperature, intense fast neutron flux, etc.), the US Department of Energy (DOE) is launching a fuel testing program that will take place at the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) located at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). During this project North Carolina State University (NCSU) researchers will collaborate with INL staff for establishing an optimized system for fuel monitoring for the ATR tests. In addition, it is expected that the developed system and methods will be of general use for fuel failure monitoring in gas cooled VHTRs.
Tolerability of intramuscular and intradermal delivery by CELLECTRA®adaptive constant current electroporation device in healthy volunteers (2013)

DNA vaccines are being developed as a potentially safe and effective immunization platform. However, translation of DNA vaccines into a clinical setting has produced results that have fallen short of those generated in a preclinical setting. Various strategies are being developed to address this lack of potency, including improvements in delivery methods. Electroporation (EP) creates transient increases in cell membrane permeability, thus enhancing DNA uptake and leading to a more robust immune response. Here, we report on the safety and tolerability of delivering sterile saline via intramuscular (IM) or intradermal (ID) injection followed by in vivo electroporation using the CELLECTRA(®) adaptive constant current device in healthy adults from two open-label studies. Pain, as assessed by VAS, was highest immediately after EP but diminishes by about 50% within 5 min. Mean VAS scores appear to correlate with the amount of energy delivered and depth of needle insertion, especially for intramuscular EP. Mean scores did not exceed 7 out of 10 or 3 out of 10 for IM and ID EP, respectively. The majority of adverse events included mild to moderate injection site reactions that resolved within one day. No deaths or serious adverse events were reported during the course of either study. Overall, injection followed by EP with the CELLECTRA(®) device was well-tolerated and no significant safety concerns were identified. These studies support the further development of electroporation as a vaccine delivery method to enhance immunogenicity, particularly for diseases in which traditional vaccination approaches are ineffective.