gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subsampling multi-standard receiver design for cognitive radio systems (2014)

Cognitive radio (CR), as coined and defined by its first proponent, is the integration of model-based reasoning with software radio techniques [1]. An important aspect of cognitive radio is the efficient use of resources, especially the frequency spectrum, in a typical communication environment. Spectrum management requires spectrum sensing; the subsampling technique has been demonstrated to be an efficient approach for spectrum sensing for CR applications [2]. Cognitive radio technology, in the context of white space, has been discussed in Chapter 1 of this book. Situation awareness and learning capability are some of the features in a CR through which it becomes aware of the location, radio frequency (RF) environment, and updates its knowledge. Environmental information in a CR is typically provided by an in-built or network-enabled radio environment map (REM) through some learning process. A typical CR node consists of the RF front-end and configurable hardware and software platform. The current software-defined radio (SDR) platforms will facilitate the evolution of CR by adding cognitive and intelligent features to it with the help of cognitive engines (CE). Cognitive engines are essentially the software packages that facilitate the cognitive feature to an agile radio platform.
Photonic Integrated Circuits for Data Center Interconnects (2018)

Next generation optical transceivers for data center interconnects are expected to feature bandwidths in excess of 400Gb/s, while exhibiting a smaller footprint, lower power consumption and lower cost per Gb/s compared to current generation 100Gb/s transceivers. To this end, new technologies such as photonic hybrid integration are explored within research and industry and standardization efforts are made to ensure cross compatibility between vendors and ultimately to reduce costs. New packaging concepts such as optical BGAs (OpBGA) are needed to increase RF bandwidth between DSP and optical engine and use of standard Surface Mount Technology (SMT) assembly methods as known from the electronics industry allows for a high degree of automation, eliminating the need for time consuming manual assembly processes. Similarly, automated wafer scale testing of electronic-photonic integrated circuits (EPIC) is a critical part in reducing manufacturing time and thus will lead to reduced DCI costs.
Isolation of polyamine transport-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli and cloning of the genes for polyamine transport proteins. (1990)

Escherichia coli KK313, which was deficient in spermidine transport, was isolated by treatment of E. coli MA261 with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. E. coli NH1596, which was deficient in spermidine transport and has a 90% decreased putrescine transport activity, was obtained by a second treatment of E. coli KK313 with the same mutagen. Genes for polyamine transport systems were isolated by transforming E. coli NH1596 through DNA fragments from E. coli DR112 using pACYC184 as a vector. One clone for the gene of protein(s) catalyzing both putrescine and spermidine uptake (pPT104) was isolated. Two clones for the genes of protein(s) catalyzing only putrescine uptake (pPT79 and pPT71) were obtained. The genes encoded by pPT104, pPT79, and pPT71 were mapped at 15, 19, and 16 min of E. coli chromosome, respectively. Spermidine uptake by NH1596 carrying pPT104, and by MA261, was not inhibited by putrescine and several polyamine analogues, and the Kt values of these two systems were both approximately 0.1 microM. Putrescine transport by NH1596 carrying pPT104 was inhibited completely by spermidine, N,N-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium (paraquat), and N1-acetyl-spermidine, and the Kt value was 1.4 microM. Putrescine uptake by NH1596 carrying pPT79 or pPT71 was not inhibited by spermidine and several polyamine analogues, and the Kt values were 0.5 and 1.8 microM, respectively. In MA261, the putrescine uptake was inhibited by 25-35% by paraquat and N1-acetyl-polyamines and showed two Kt values, 0.5 and 1.5 microM. Based on these findings, the polyamine transport systems of E. coli are discussed.
Intercalation of the oxo-transfer molybdenum(VI) complex [MoO2{O2CC(S) Ph2}2]2–into a zinc(II)–aluminium(III) layered double hydroxide host. Catalysis of the air oxidalton of thiols (1994)

The intercalation of bis(2.2-diphenyl-2-sulfidoacetato)dioxomolybdate(VI)[MoO2{O2CC(S)Ph2}2]2–1 into an hydrotalcite-like zinc(II)-aluminium(III) layered double hydroxide by anion exchange yielded [Zn3–xAlx(OH)6]x+[{MoO2[O2CC(S)Ph2]2}y//2(NO3)x–y]x–·H2O (x= 0.75). Data from powder X-ray diffraction, IR and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and thermogravimetnc analysis confirmed intercalation within a 13 Å-height gallery, indicating that the molybdenum anion probably lies with its cis-dioxomolybdenum(VI) plane parallel to the hydroxide layers. Complex 1, immobilized in the layered double hydroxide, operates as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the oxiDalton of thiols (PhSH) by either dioxygen or air as evaluated by gas chromatography. The active oxidant is [MoO2{O2CC(S)Ph2}2]2–, while a molybdenum(VI) species acts as the reductant by interaction with dioxygen to regenerate the molybdenum(VI) oxidant This constitutes the first reported heterogeneous catalyst containing an oxo-transfer MoVIO2complex capable of activating dioxygen. Oxidalion proceeds in ethanolic solutions without deactivation by water or excess thiol even at relatively high temperatures (up to 80°C). It is, therefore, concluded that intercalation of [MoO2{O2CC(S)Ph2}2]2– into the layered double hydroxide host inhibits the formation of a catalytically inactive molybdenum(V) species which was previously observed under homogeneous conditions.
Bİ-Yardimli Dağitik Depolama Ağlannda Ortalama Bant Genişliği Maliyeti ve Depolama Ödunleşimi Average Bandwidth-Cost vs. Storage Trade-off for BS-assisted Distributed Storage Networks (2021)

In this study, we consider a hierarchically structured base station (BS)-assisted cellular system equipped with a backend distributed data storage in which nodes randomly arrive and depart the cell. We numerically motivate and characterize the fundamental trade-off between the average repair bandwidth cost versus storage space where BS communication cost (higher than that of local) and link capacity constraints exist while the number of failed nodes can vary dynamically. We establish the capacity region that is most relevant to 5G and beyond networks, which are layered by design. We hope that this study shall motivate novel regeneration code constructions that will be able to achieve the presented limits.
Octave-spanning Cr:ZnS femtosecond laser with intrinsic nonlinear interferometry (2019)

We report a few-cycle, super-octave, polycrystalline Cr:ZnS laser system with 4 W power at 78 MHz repetition rate, where all of the necessary optical signals for the measurement of the carrier–envelope offset frequency are generated intrinsically.
Efficient communication in control-oriented embedded networks (2009)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have drawn a lot of attention and a lot of work has been done to provide an efficient communication infrastructure for these systems. This paper focuses on another -not so well studied- class of embedded networks: embedded networks used for control and automation purposes. In contrast to WSNs, these networks have a comparably stable infrastructure, with a low probability of node or link failure. The main challenge for the communication in control oriented networks is the heterogeneity of the underlying infrastructure and the resource constraints already known from WSNs. We propose an adaptable communication layer that leverages existing network protocols and at the same time provides a seamless communication over heterogeneous networks and an efficient and scalable network stack for individual nodes. We show the feasibility of this approach with a demonstrator for the smart energy management in a future home automation scenario.
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions and difference in CP asymmetries of the decays B + → J/ψπ + and B + → J/ψK + (2017)

The ratio of branching fractions and the difference in CP asymmetries of the decays B + J/ + and B + J/K + are measured using a data sample of pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb -1 at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The results are
Cardioprotection induced by Na+/K+-ATPase activation involves extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway (2010)

activation of NKA with DRRSAb induces both positive inotropic and cardioprotective effects via stimulation of Src/PI3K/Akt/ERK1/2 pathways. The unique properties of DRRSAb may make NKA antibody a promising drug to treat heart failure.
Mechanism of Exfoliation of Nanoclay Particles in Epoxy−Clay Nanocomposites (2003)

The mechanism of nanoclay exfoliation was investigated in epoxy−clay nanocomposites system. The elastic force exerted by cross-linked epoxy molecules inside the clay galleries was found responsible for exfoliation of clay layers from the intercalated tactoids. Complete exfoliation of clay galleries was observed under the conditions of slow increase of complex viscosity and fast rise of storage modulus. It was observed that faster intragallery polymerization, though expedited the exfoliation process, was not necessary for exfoliation. It was also observed that clays containing hydroxylated quaternary ammonium ions and quaternary ammonium ions with no polar functional groups produced exfoliated structures equally easily, provided the ratio of storage modulus to complex viscosity was maintained above 2−4 1/s. Both higher curing temperature and the presence of organically modified clay particles accelerated the formation of gels, and the gel time presented an upper bound of time available for exfoliation.
Face Recognition by Projection-based 3D Normalization and Shading Subspace Orthogonalization (2006)

This paper describes a new face recognition method using a projection-based 3D normalization and a shading subspace orthogonalization under variation in facial pose and illumination. The proposed method does not need any reconstruction and reillumination for a personalized 3D model, thus it can avoid these troublesome problems and the recognition process can be done rapidly. The facial size and pose including out of plane rotation can be normalized to a generic 3D model from one still image and the input subspace is generated by perturbed cropped patterns in order to absorb the localization errors. Furthermore, by exploiting the fact that a normalized pattern is fitted to the generic 3D model, illumination robust features are extracted through the shading subspace orthogonalization. Evaluation experiments are performed using several databases and the results show the effectiveness of our method under various facial poses and illuminations
Topside ionosphere ion heating due to electrostatic ion cyclotron turbulence (1974)

We have performed a model calculation of the ion heating rate due to electrostatic ion cyclotron turbulence in the topside ionosphere, with the assumption that the formation of a plateau on the electron velocity distribution is inhibited. Ion temperature profiles are obtained and the implications of the heating effect on anomalous resistivity calculations are discussed.
Data from Murine Cell Lines Derived from <i>Pten</i> Null Prostate Cancer Show the Critical Role of PTEN in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer Development (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt; mutations are among the most frequent genetic alterations found in human prostate cancers. Our previous works suggest that although precancerous lesions were found in &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; heterozygous mice, cancer progression and metastasis only happened when both alleles of &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; were deleted. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PTEN in prostate cancer control, we generated two pairs of isogenic, androgen receptor (AR)–positive prostate epithelial lines from intact conditional &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; knock-out mice that are either heterozygous (PTEN-P2 and -P8) or homozygous (PTEN-CaP2 and PTEN-CaP8) for &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; deletion. Further characterization of these cells showed that loss of the second allele of &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; leads to increased anchorage-independent growth &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and tumorigenesis &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; without obvious structural or numerical chromosome changes based on SKY karyotyping analysis. Despite no prior exposure to hormone ablation therapy, &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; null cells are tumorigenic in both male and female severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Furthermore, knocking down PTEN can convert the androgen-dependent Myc-CaP cell into androgen independence, suggesting that PTEN intrinsically controls androgen responsiveness, a critical step in the development of hormone refractory prostate cancer. Importantly, knocking down AR by shRNA in &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt; null cells reverses androgen-independent growth &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and partially inhibited tumorigenesis &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, indicating that PTEN-controlled prostate tumorigenesis is AR dependent. These cell lines will serve as useful tools for understanding signaling pathways controlled by PTEN and elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in hormone refractory prostate cancer formation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6083–91]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Influence of propagation model accuracy on DECT system performance assessments (1996)

A performance evaluation of a DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunications) system in a realistic indoor scenario has been performed using a simulator with a sophisticated 3D-ray tracing (RT) algorithm as a propagation model. Performances have been compared with similar estimates obtained with simpler empirical-statistical propagation models. Several different base station (BS) placement solutions have been considered and analysed. Results show that DECT performances can be strongly influenced by site-specific propagation characteristics which cannot be predicted by empirical/statistical propagation models. Some guidelines for indoor system design are eventually drawn.
Design and characterization of magneto-electric sensors. What are the limits? (2012)

Multi-functional materials can respond to more than one external stimulus. Here we will present a magneto-electric system, which couples two switchable states; polarization and magnetisation. In magneto-electric materials, magnetic domains can be tuned by the application of an external electric field and electric domains are switched by a magnetic field via a magneto-electric coupling (ME) across the oxide interface. This two-order coupling can be effectively utilized in the development of multiple state memory elements, tuneable magneto-electric inductors where the electric field tunes the permeability in a voltage variable self-inductance device or as magnetic sensors where the magnetic field produces an electric signal. In the case of magnetic field sensors, their sensitivity, room temperature operation and zero power consumption are particularly attractive. In the area of power electronics such materials show potential as high-quality variable inductors, where miniaturisation of the inductors could enable small, lightweight products.
Transient thermometry and HRTEM analysis of RRAM thermal dynamics during switching and failure (2016)

We investigate RRAM thermal dynamics during resistive switching and endurance failure by using transient thermometry and HRTEM analysis. The filament size was estimated to ~1 nm with 7-15 nm crystalline region, having experienced local temperatures of > 1600 K at the filament core and > 850 K in the heat affected zone. The devices that underwent cold switching show no change in the HfAlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> microstructure, post-programming. However, such devices show preferential templated growth of HfAlOx crystallite, extending from the polycrystalline Hf layer after 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> switching cycles, eventually culminating in a RESET failure.
A ground state depleted laser in neodymium doped yttrium orthosilicate (1990)

A ground state depleted (GSD){sup 1,2} laser has been demonstrated in the form of a Q-switched oscillator operating at 912 nm. Using Nd{sup 3+} as the active ion and Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} as the host material, the laser transition is from the lowest lying stark level of the Nd{sup 3t}F{sub 3/2} level to a stark level 355 cm{sup {minus}1} above the lowest lying one in the {sup 4}I{sub 9/2} manifold. The necessity of depleting the ground {sup 4}I{sub 9/2} manifold is evident for this level scheme as transparency requires a 10% inversion. To achieve the high excitation levels required for the efficient operation of this laser, bleach wave pumping using an alexandrite laser at 745 nm has been employed. The existence of a large absorption feature at 810 nm also allows for the possibility of AlGaAs laser diode pumping. Using KNbO{sub 3}, noncritical phase matching is possible at 140{degree}C using d{sub 32} and has been demonstrated. The results of Q-switched laser performance and harmonic generation in KNbO{sub 3} will be presented. Orthosilicate can be grown in large boules of excellent optical quality using a Czochralski technique. Because of the relatively small 912 nm emission cross section of 2-3 {times} 10{sup {minus}20} cm{sup 2} (orientation dependent) fluences of 10-20 J/cm{sup 2} must be circulated in the laser cavity for the efficient extraction of stored energy. This necessitates very aggressive laser damage thresholds. Results from the Reptile laser damage facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will be presented showing Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} bulk and AR sol-gel coated surface damage thresholds of greater than 40 J/cm{sup 2} for 10 nsec, 10 Hz, 1.06 {mu} pulses. 16 refs., 18 figs., 6 tabs.
Radial Tunnel Syndrome (1987)

In a ten-year experience with radial tunnel syndrome surgery, 34 of 42 patients had follow-up examination of more than six months (average, 24 months). Although 74% of the patients were improved after surgery, about one-third had some persistent pain and functional restriction. Static electromyographic analysis was not diagnostically helpful. However, diagnostic radial tunnel block was prognostically helpful. Patients selection was important in predicting surgical outcome. In worker's compensation cases, symptoms would often persist. Some patients also appeared to have symptoms referable to compression of the posterior interosseous nerve and tendinitis of the extensor origin, and others had additional ipsilateral compressive neuropathies.
SECTION II GENERAL ORTHOPAEDICS (1970)

From the Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation: Section of Orthopedic Surgery (Dr. Linscheid). Mayo Graduate School of Medicine (University of Minnesota), Rochester: Resident in Orthopedic Surgery (Dr. Godsil).
Confinement-Enhanced Electron Transport across a Metal-Semiconductor Interface (2001)

We present a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and ballistic electron emission microscopy study of electron transport across an epitaxial Pb/Si(111) interface. Experiments with a self-assembled Pb nanoscale wedge reveal the phenomenon of confinement-enhanced interfacial transport: a proportional increase of the electron injection rate into the semiconductor with the frequency of electron oscillations in the Pb quantum well.
Electrical Characterization of N- and P-Doped Hole and Electron Only Organic Devices (2008)

We have fabricated a series of hole only devices with tungsten oxide (WO3) and molybdenum oxide (MoO3) n-doping materials in N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB) hole transport layer, and electron only devices with CsF and Cs2CO3 p-doping materials in 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) electron transport layer. Current-voltage characteristics and conductivity of these devices are investigated. The optimal conditions for ohmic injection and low resistance properties, and process margins of each dopant are reported in this paper.
Integration of Electronic Scanning Radars with Inertial Technology for Seamless Positioning in challenging GNSS Environments (2020)

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has always been used as the leading positioning systems in land vehicles for decades. The satellite-based localization system provides an accurate solution most of the time except in denied environments like tunnels, urban canyons, and closed parking areas. Such issues were traditionally mitigated by the aid of other sensors. Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) tackle the GNSS drawbacks in challenging environments. However, the INS can't stand for an extended period without substantial drift in the localization output. Despite the availability of advanced inertial solution as Reduced Inertial Sensors Systems (RISS), the GNSS/RISS integration still suffers from the same error sources. Recently, several perceptual sensors are included in most of the cars for autonomy purposes. The proposed solution utilizes electronic scanning radar, which exists in vehicles from level 1 of autonomy and higher. The methodology presented shows the ESR ability to determine the vehicle's forward from static objects. Moreover, the acquired frontal speed is used to produce an unique ESR odometry. The obtained ESR/RISS solution aids the 3D-RISS using an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) in GNSS outages. The system was examined in real challenging scenarios in Indoor parking and downtown areas in Toronto.
Outcome of Prosthetic Joint Infection in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Impact of Medical and Surgical Therapy in 200 Episodes (2005)

S. aureus is the most common pathogen among patients with rheumatoid arthritis with prosthetic joint infection. Two-stage exchange was used in only 19% of the prosthetic joint infection episodes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the study period, but it was associated with the best outcome. The variable most strongly associated with the outcome was the type of surgical procedure.
The rep Protein of Escherichia coli: Interaction with DNA and Other Proteins (1979)

The discovery of the requirement for the rep protein of Escherichia coli in the replication of duplex DNA (ϕX174) in vivo (Denhardt et al. 1972) and in vitro (Eisenberg et al. 1976; Sumida-Yasumoto et al. 1976) opened the way to understanding the mechanism of the replication-fork movement. Previous studies by ourselves (Segal et al. 1972; Reuben and Gefter 1974; Molineux and Gefter 1976) and others (Huberman et al. 1971) had indicated that duplex unwinding was not facilitated by proteins that bound to single-stranded (SS) DNA. Furthermore, the spontaneous rate of melting of template at a replication fork could not support the high rates of chain elongation needed for in vivo or in vitro replication. Results of studies with the rep protein as well as the gene-4 protein of bacteriophage T7 indicated that the fork movement involved the active unwinding of template from its inactive, duplex structure to its active, template...