gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static and dynamic crossover in a critical polymer mixture (1990)

A model low-molecular-weight polymer mixture was studied as a function of temperature near the critical point by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). SANS measurements reveal a crossover in the static susceptibility from mean-field to non-mean-field behavior at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{x}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$+30 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, in quantitative agreement with the Ginzburg criterion. This crossover behavior is also reflected in the DLS experiments, which reveal mode-coupled critical dynamics far into the mean-field regime.
IN-GEL PCR AMPLIFICATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (2011)

We present an in-gel DNA amplification method for detecting HSV-1 and HSV-2 in unprocessed genital swabs using a low cost prototype instrument that employs a CCD camera, Peltier element and diode laser. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve analysis (MCA) are performed in an array of polyacrylamide gel posts less than 1 L in volume that incorporate all components of the PCR reaction. HSV DNA templates directly from genital swabs were used for this assay and we successfully detected HSV-1, HSV-2, and negative samples. This HSV detection assay can readily be developed to use in point-of-care devices for clinical use.
On Water and in Air: Fast and Highly Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Aldehydes with Iridium Catalysts (2006)

Wasser als Lösungsmittel: Schnell, selektiv und in hoher Ausbeute gelingt die Transferhydrierung einer großen Bandbreite an Aldehyden mit einem IrIII-Katalysator, der einfache Ethylendiamin(en)-Liganden enthält (siehe Schema; Ts=p-Toluolsulfonyl, TOF=Reaktionsrate). Das Verfahren eignet sich für sehr unterschiedlich substituierte Aldehyde.
Stoner versus Heisenberg: Ultrafast exchange reduction and magnon generation during laser-induced demagnetization (2016)

The excitation of a ferromagnetic film by a femtosecond laser pulse causes an unexpectedly fast quenching of the film's magnetization on subpicosecond time scales. The microscopic physical mechanisms responsible for this remain a scientific puzzle. The authors employ femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses produced by high harmonic generation to follow how the magnetization of a thin cobalt film evolves after the excitation by a 40-fs laser pulse. By measuring the time-, energy-, and angle-resolved magneto-optical response of the Co films across the ${M}_{2,3}$ absorption edge, they obtain a set of time-lapsed magnetic asymmetry spectra, which contain a wealth of information about the different mechanisms at work. When combined with advanced ab initio magneto-optical calculations, they identify two dominant contributions: first, a transient reduction of exchange splitting, and second, magnon excitation. This work thus distinguishes between two fundamental models of magnetism, the Stoner and Heisenberg models, which ascribe magnetization dynamics to an exchange splitting reduction and spin wave excitations, respectively.
An incomplete history of concurrency chapter 1. 1965--1977 (2014)

No abstract available.
Frequency-doubled operation of a ground-state-depleted laser using the Nd3+4F3/2-4/9/2 transition in Y2SiO5 (1990)

A ground-state-depleted laser has been demonstrated at 912 nm in the form of a Q-switched oscillator operating on the Nd 3+4 F 3/2 - 4 / 9/2 transition in Y2SiO 5 . Samarium scandium gallium garnet has been demonstrated to be effective at selectively suppressing the competing and much stronger 4 F 3/2 - 4 / 11/2 lasing transition. Efficient harmonic generation has been demonstrated by using noncritically phase-matched KNbO 3 .
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from Molecular Imaging of TGFβ-Induced Smad2/3 Phosphorylation Reveals a Role for Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Modulating TGFβ Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 107K&lt;/p&gt;
Di-n-butyltin Methyl- and Phenylphosphonates (2001)

The structure of [Bu2Sn(HO3PMe)2]2 (1), as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, is based on a dimer containing bridging and terminal hydrogenophosphonate ligands. The tin atoms are formally five-coordinate, but exhibit also two additional remote contacts, d(Sn−O) ≈ 3.14 Å, which results in a “5+2” type coordination. This crystalline compound and the three other amorphous compounds, Bu2Sn(O3PMe) (2), Bu2Sn(HO3PPh)2 (3), and Bu2Sn(O3PPh) (4), have been characterized by solid state 31P and 119Sn MAS NMR. Compound 1 exhibits a very well resolved 31P MAS NMR spectrum in which three different 2J(31P−119/117Sn)iso scalar couplings can be measured. 31P and 119Sn NMR, 31P−19Sn HMQC spectroscopy, and various other 2D NMR techniques at variable temperatures were used to unravel the basic structural unit of compounds 2 and 4 in solution, which is proposed to be based on a trigonal bipyramid of the type R2SnO3 with two apical and one equatorial oxygen atom. Compound 1, in solution, displays a similar local geometry at tin and the same dimeric unit as in the crystalline state. In contrast with 2 and 4, however, compounds 1 and 3 display an extremely high degree of stereochemical fluxionality based on fast exchange of the bridging and terminal hydrogenophosphonate ligands.
Path MTU Discovery Using Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) (2009)

This document describes a Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)
Usage for Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) between a client and a server.
Minimizing Convergence Error in Multi-Agent Systems Via Leader Selection: A Supermodular Optimization Approach (2014)

In a leader-follower multi-agent system (MAS), the leader agents act as control inputs and influence the states of the remaining follower agents. The rate at which the follower agents converge to their desired states, as well as the errors in the follower agent states prior to convergence, are determined by the choice of leader agents. In this paper, we study leader selection in order to minimize convergence errors experienced by the follower agents, which we define as a norm of the distance between the follower agents' intermediate states and the convex hull of the leader agent states. By introducing a novel connection to random walks on the network graph, we show that the convergence error has an inherent supermodular structure as a function of the leader set. Supermodularity enables development of efficient discrete optimization algorithms that directly approximate the optimal leader set, provide provable performance guarantees, and do not rely on continuous relaxations. We formulate two leader selection problems within the supermodular optimization framework, namely, the problem of selecting a fixed number of leader agents in order to minimize the convergence error, as well as the problem of selecting the minimum-size set of leader agents to achieve a given bound on the convergence error. We introduce algorithms for approximating the optimal solution to both problems in static networks, dynamic networks with known topology distributions, and dynamic networks with unknown and unpredictable topology distributions. Our approach is shown to provide significantly lower convergence errors than existing random and degree-based leader selection methods in a numerical study.
Electrochemical Re-Functionalization of Spent FePO4 Originating from LiFePO4 Battery Recycling (2020)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) find many applications from powering multitudes of portable electronics, to automotive, and stationary energy storage. The current rapid market growth, more specifically in mobility and stationary energy storage, has made the consumption of LIBs to increase exponentially since year 2000. It is predicted that this market will be multiplied by ten in the next decade. Inevitably, the quantity of spent LIBs will follow the same trend, causing important challenges to the waste management system. However, while end-of-life (EOL) management of portable batteries is established in North America and Europe, collection of industrial and vehicle batteries is just starting. Consequently, we expect an important increase of spent lithium battery available for recovery during the next decade raising the pressure on the recycling industry. In addition to the rapid increase in volume of spent batteries, the wide range of chemistries and types make recycling of LIBs more complex compared to other types of batteries. Until now, the industry has focussed on recovering the most valuable metals like cobalt and nickel while sending to the waste elements such as lithium, iron, and phosphorus from lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 , LFP) batteries. Hydro-Québec has developed a new low environmental footprint process to recover efficiently high value product from spent LiFePO 4 batteries. The process includes a dismantling and sorting step from which the active cathodic material is recovered as a black mass. A hydrometallurgical process extracting selectively Li ions as lithium bicarbonate from the black mass follows this preparation stage. The leaching residue is a carbon-coated iron (III) phosphate (FePO 4 -C) which is re-functionalized as fully restored cathodic active material by taking advantage of highly reversible lithium intercalation into the FePO 4 hosting structure. The final product is suitable for reuse in new LiFePO 4 battery manufacturing.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOLYTISCHE ACYLIERUNG PROTONIERTER PYRIDIN‐ UND PYRAZINDERIVATE (1973)

Abstract Chinolin (I) liefert mit den Aldehyden (II) in Wasser, Essigsäure und konz. Schwefelsäure in Gegenwart von tert.‐Butylhydroperoxid (III) die Diacylchinoline (IV).
Search for the lepton flavor violating decay τ → 3μ in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV (2021)

A bstract Results are reported from a search for the lepton flavor violating decay τ → 3 μ in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt></mml:math> = 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 33.2 fb − 1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. The search exploits τ leptons produced in both W boson and heavy-flavor hadron decays. No significant excess above the expected background is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction ℬ( τ → 3 μ ) of 8 . 0 × 10 − 8 at 90% confidence level is obtained, with an expected upper limit of 6 . 9 × 10 − 8 .
Improving comprehensive genotyping in patients with newly diagnosed non-squamous NSCLC: Results from a prospective trial of a behavioral nudge intervention. (2022)

362 Background: Despite current guidelines, less than 50% of patients with metastatic (m) non-squamous (NSq) NSCLC undergo comprehensive molecular genotyping. At our institution, based on improved comprehensiveness of genotyping with use of concurrent tissue (T) and plasma (P) next generation sequencing (NGS), we designed an electronic medical record (EMR)-based nudge intervention to auto-generate an order for P NGS at the time of initial consultation, while T NGS was carried out reflexively based on institutional pathways. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Abramson Cancer Center and 2 community sites within the University of Pennsylvania Health System after IRB approval. A provider team-focused EMR-based nudge intervention was designed to order P NGS at the time of new patient consultation. Eligible patients for the nudge were identified using an EMR based checklist, that included 3 criteria i. newly diagnosed, ii. treatment naïve, iii. mNSq NSCLC. Results from the intervention period (4/2021-12/2021) were compared to baseline data from similar patients treated at our institution between 01/2019 and 03/2021. Categories of NCCN guideline recommended molecular genotyping were defined as: i) comprehensive: EGFR, ALK, BRAF, ROS1, MET, RET, NTRK testing, and ii) incomplete or no testing performed. The proportion of patients with comprehensive molecular genotyping prior to 1st-line therapy were compared in the pre- and post-intervention groups using the chi-square test. Results: 526 patients with mNSq NSCLC were included in this analysis: 381 in the pre-intervention cohort, 145 in the post-intervention cohort. After implementation of the EMR-based nudge, a higher proportion of patients underwent concurrent T+P testing resulting in improved comprehensive molecular genotyping. In addition, a greater proportion of patients had comprehensive genotyping available prior to 1st-line therapy in the post-intervention vs pre-intervention cohort (Table). Conclusions: Across 3 practice sites, a provider team-focused EMR-based nudge intervention was associated with a significantly higher proportion of patients with mNSq NSCLC undergoing comprehensive molecular genotyping, both overall and prior to 1st-line therapy. These findings demonstrate that behavioral, EMR-based nudges can promote guideline concordant diagnostic testing at both community and academic sites and should be studied further as a tool to improve rates of molecular testing in NSCLC.[Table: see text]
Supplementary Figure S4 from Tumor Cell–Autonomous SHP2 Contributes to Immune Suppression in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Corresponding representative dot plots for the quantification in figure 2B-C and additional T cell exhaustion marker analysis in the study of D2.A1 model.&lt;/p&gt;
Nonlinear filtering by threshold decomposition (1999)

A new threshold decomposition architecture is introduced to implement stack filters. The architecture is also generalized to a new class of nonlinear filters known as threshold decomposition (TD) filters which are shown to be equivalent to the class of L1-filters under certain conditions. Another new class of filters known as linear and order statistic (LOS) filters result from the intersection of the class of TD and L1-filters. Performance comparisons among several filters are then presented. It was found that TD is compatible with L1, LOS, and linear filters in suppressing Gaussian noise, and is superior in suppressing salt-and-pepper noise. LOS filters, however, provide a better compromise in performance and complexity.
Silica-Supported, Single-Site Sc and Y Alkyls for Catalytic Hydrogenation of Propylene (2017)

Single-site Sc and Y on silica catalysts have been prepared by aqueous and organometallic grafting methods. The former yields Y(III) ions with five bonds at an average bond distance of 2.31 Å by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Although the aqueous synthesis gave single-site Y with low coordination number, these were not catalytic for alkane dehydrogenation or olefin hydrogenation. Single-site Sc(III) and Y(III) species were also prepared by grafting Sc(CH2Si(CH3)3)3(THF)2 and Y(CH2Si(CH3)3)3(THF)2, respectively, and these are catalysts for olefin hydrogenation at temperatures from about 60 to 100 °C; however, they were thermally unstable at higher temperatures necessary for alkane dehydrogenation. The structure of the grafted Y complex was determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, IR, and NMR. Grafting led to protonolysis of two of the three CH2Si(CH3)3 ligands. Additionally, there was loss of one THF ligand. The EXAFS indicated that there were four Y–ligand bonds in the surface species, two at 2.16 Å and two at 2.39 Å. The metal–alkyl ligand was thought to be necessary for catalytic activity and likely proceeds through a σ bond metathesis mechanism. In the single-site centers without alkyl bonds, Sc and Y ions cannot generate metal–alkyl or metal–hydride moieties in situ. We conclude that this is likely due to the very high M–O–Si bond strengths, which must be broken through heterolytic dissociation of C–H bonds during alkane activation for either alkane dehydrogenation or olefin hydrogenation reactions. This study demonstrates the importance of precatalyst choice versus in situ formation of reactive intermediates to produce active catalysts for alkane bond activation.
Biosynthesis Inspired Diels—Alder Route to Pyridines: Synthesis of the 2,3‐Dithiazolylpyridine Core of the Thiopeptide Antibiotics. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
MHD Energy Conversion with Advanced-Fuel Ion Beam Fusion (1986)

AbstractThis study considers variations in a basic deuterium-burning target design (AFLINT) that modify the output energy split among neutrons, X-rays, and charged particles. Use of a liquid metal MHD cycle to extract energy from a twin-fall reaction chamber (LOTRIT) that uses these targets is also described.
Chemical Vapor Jet Deposition of Parylene Polymer Films in Air (2015)

Parylene films are commonly used as transparent, flexible coatings in electronic devices and biomedical applications, exhibiting barrier properties against corrosion, low dielectric constant, and moisture resistance. Reactive vapor deposition of parylene results in conformal coverage of features at room temperature, which is advantageous for passivating, for example, organic optoelectronic devices. Conventional parylene deposition methods, however, coat surfaces virtually indiscriminately and utilize separate chambers for vaporization, pyrolysis, and polymerization, resulting in a large footprint and limited processing integration ability, especially at a laboratory scale. Here, we demonstrate the vaporization and pyrolysis of the di-p-xylylene (parylene dimer) in a single compact nozzle, producing a jet of monomer that polymerizes into a film upon contact with the substrate at room temperature. A guard flow jet is employed to shield the reactive monomer molecules en route to the substrate, thereby enabling polymer deposition and patterning in ambient atmosphere. We present an analytical model predicting film growth rate as a function of process parameters (e.g., gas flow rate and source, pyrolysis & substrate temperatures). The effect of jet flow dynamics on film morphology is also discussed. A 100% increase in the lifetime of air-sensitive OLEDs is demonstrated upon encapsulation of the devices with parylene-N film deposited by this technique. Potential advantages of this approach include increased material utilization efficiency, localized conformal coating capabilities, and an apparatus that is compact, inexpensive, and does not require vacuum.
Cyclopropanation of 5-(1-Bromo-2-phenyl-vinyl)-3-methyl-4-nitro-isoxazoles under Phase Transfer Catalysis (PTC) Conditions (2015)

Heavily substituted cyclopropane esters were prepared in high yields, complete diastereoselection and average (up to 58%) enantioselectivity. The reaction described herein entailed reacting 4-nitro-5-bromostyrylisoxazoles, a class of powerful Michael acceptors with malonate esters under the catalysis of 5 mol% of a chincona derived phase-transfer catalyst.
A Novel Drug Target for Migraine: The GABA A Receptor α6 Subtype in Trigeminal Ganglia (2019)

Migraine, an unmet medical need, is due to an overactive trigeminovascular system (TGVS). The trigeminal ganglion (TG), a hub of the TGVS, transmits the pain signals arising from neurogenic inflammation in the meninges to the brainstem. Previously, we have revealed an unprecedented role of the α6 subunit‐containing GABA A receptor (the GABA A receptor α6 subtype, α6GABA A R) on TG in the neuropathogenesis of migraine using the α6GABA A R‐specific positive allosteric modulators (PAMs)1 we developed. In a rat model of migraine induced by intracisternal injection of capsaicin, we showed that Compound 6, a potent α6GABA A R‐selective PAM via acting on TG, attenuated TGVS activation‐induced peripheral and central responses, using immunohistochemical approaches.2 Here, we further investigated whether positive modulating TG α6GABA A Rs would attenuate migraine‐related nociceptive behaviors induced by repetitive injections of nitroglycerin (NTG), which induces headache in human due to dural vasodilatation. We gave NTG (10 mg/kg, i.p .) to mice (6–8 weeks, male ICR) once every two days for 5 times. The mouse grimace scale (MGS) was used to score, from 0–2, the headache‐like behaviors, including orbital tightening, nose bulge, cheek bulge, and the changes of ear position and whisker. The severity of migraine was assessed by the MGS on day 9 (the 5 th session). To evaluate the abortive treatment efficacy of α6GABA A R PAMs, drug were administered 20 min after NTG injection on day 9. For their prevention efficacy, drugs were given 30 min before NTG injection in each session. Repeated NTG injections significantly increased MGS. Compound 6 and its deuterated derivative that has a longer half‐life, DK‐56‐I, significantly attenuated the elevated MGS induced by NTG. Importantly, the effect of the α6GABA A R‐selective PAM was antagonized by i.p . injection of furosemide (20 mg/kg), an α6GABA A R‐selective antagonist that is blood‐brain barrier‐impermeable. It was mimicked by sumatriptan, an effective drug for migraine abortion. Besides, we found that DK‐56‐I was effective in preventing repeated NTG‐induced elevation of MGS, like topiramate, an effective drug for migraine prevention. We also found that α6GABA A Rs are expressed in TG neurons and satellite glial cells of mice. These results suggest that the TG α6GABA A R is a novel therapeutic target for migraine and that the α6GABA A R‐selective PAM is a novel treatment for migraine abortion and prevention. Support or Funding Information Supported grants: MOST 107‐2321‐B‐002‐010 and NHRI‐EX107‐10733NI. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Density-aware compressive crowdsensing (2017)

Crowdsensing systems collect large-scale sensor data from mobile devices to provide a wide-area view of phenomena including traffic, noise and air pollution. Because such data often exhibits sparse structure, it is natural to apply compressive sensing (CS) for data sampling and recovery. However in practice, crowd participants are often distributed highly unevenly across the sensing area, and thus the numbers of observations collected over different areas may vary wildly - an issue we call density disparity. Density disparity leads to inaccuracy in low density areas, and potentially undermines the recovery performance if conventional compressive sensing is applied directly, which equally treats data from areas of different density.
Functional Screen for microRNAs Suppressing Anchorage-Independent Growth in Human Cervical Cancer Cells (2022)

The progression of anchorage-dependent epithelial cells to anchorage-independent growth represents a critical hallmark of malignant transformation. Using an in vitro model of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced transformation, we previously showed that acquisition of anchorage-independent growth is associated with marked (epi)genetic changes, including altered expression of microRNAs. However, the laborious nature of the conventional growth method in soft agar to measure this phenotype hampers a high-throughput analysis. We developed alternative functional screening methods using 96- and 384-well ultra-low attachment plates to systematically investigate microRNAs regulating anchorage-independent growth. SiHa cervical cancer cells were transfected with a microRNA mimic library (n = 2019) and evaluated for cell viability. We identified 84 microRNAs that consistently suppressed growth in three independent experiments. Further validation in three cell lines and comparison of growth in adherent and ultra-low attachment plates yielded 40 microRNAs that specifically reduced anchorage-independent growth. In conclusion, ultra-low attachment plates are a promising alternative for soft-agar assays to study anchorage-independent growth and are suitable for high-throughput functional screening. Anchorage independence suppressing microRNAs identified through our screen were successfully validated in three cell lines. These microRNAs may provide specific biomarkers for detecting and treating HPV-induced precancerous lesions progressing to invasive cancer, the most critical stage during cervical cancer development.