gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal lens detection device (2011)

A thermal lens detection device was developed to realize an easy-to-use, portable and sensitive detector for nonfluorescent molecules. Two laser diodes (658 nm for excitation and 785 nm for probe) were made coaxial in an optical unit and were coupled to a single-mode optical fiber. On a microfluidic chip, a small holder for the optical fiber was fixed, and micro-lenses (numerical aperture of 0.2) were also integrated inside the holder. The micro-lenses were designed to realize an adequate chromatic aberration (50 μm), which was essential for sensitive thermal lens detection. Compared with conventional thermal lens detection systems which required very laborious and accurate optical alignment with the microchannel, the new device needed just attachment-detachment of the optical fiber, which was important for practical application. The lower limit of detection was 10 nM for nickel(II) phthalocyaninetetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt solutions (model sample), and the absorbance was 9 × 10(-6) AU. The absolute number of molecules detected was less than 200 zmol. The coefficient of variance for 5-time attachment-detachment of the optical probe was as small as 3.6%. The technical development allowed integration of the thermal lens detection devices inside a microsystem (e.g. enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay system), and practical microsystems were realized with sensitivities several-orders higher than absorptiometry.
Structured Waters Mediate Small Molecule Binding to G-Quadruplex Nucleic Acids (2021)

The role of G-quadruplexes in human cancers is increasingly well-defined. Accordingly, G-quadruplexes can be suitable drug targets and many small molecules have been identified to date as G-quadruplex binders, some using computer-based design methods and co-crystal structures. The role of bound water molecules in the crystal structures of G-quadruplex-small molecule complexes has been analyzed in this study, focusing on the water arrangements in several G-quadruplex ligand complexes. One is the complex between the tetrasubstituted naphthalene diimide compound MM41 and a human intramolecular telomeric DNA G-quadruplex, and the others are in substituted acridine bimolecular G-quadruplex complexes. Bridging water molecules form most of the hydrogen-bond contacts between ligands and DNA in the parallel G-quadruplex structures examined here. Clusters of structured water molecules play essential roles in mediating between ligand side chain groups/chromophore core and G-quadruplex. These clusters tend to be conserved between complex and native G-quadruplex structures, suggesting that they more generally serve as platforms for ligand binding, and should be taken into account in docking and in silico studies.
Toughening of electron-beam cured acrylate resins (2000)

The aim of this study was to improve the toughness of EB-cured acrylate thermoset resins by using hyperbranched aliphatic polyesters as additives to obtain a liquid-liquid phase-separated resin. The hyperbranched polyester can be considered as a hydroxyl functional scaffold, on which functional groups were reacted to control phase separation and crosslinking. Alkyl chains of different lengths attached to the scaffold controlled phase separation. The amount of crosslinking within the rubbery particle and between the particles and the matrix was set by the percentage of methacrylate groups. A good phase separation was obtained; therefore, Tg decreased only slightly compared to the pure acrylate. The KIC value of the cured resins was increased by 30%. The phase-separated resins showed stability with time and no significant increase in particle size was noticed after 18 months.
Multiple cores, multiple pipes, multiple threads - do we have more parallelism than we can handle? (2005)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. Some of the specific areas/topics discussed include: Types of Parallelism; Processor / System Parallelism; Application / Problem Parallelism; CPU Multi-core Roadmaps; GPU Evolution and Performance Growth; Programming Models; Mapping Application Parallelism onto Processors; and The Problem of Parallelism.
Prefix-Level Detection and Autocorrection of Keyboard Input Errors (2023)

Improving keyboard autocorrection is critical to making textual input on mobile devices faster and more accurate. End-to-end sequence-to-sequence modeling is a promising avenue, but analysis of user revisions reveals that most users are not patient enough to wait until the end of the word for autocorrection to be performed. Accordingly, this paper proposes a prefix autocorrection framework, in which error detection and correction occurs at the prefix level for a more immediate response. We also introduce a new metric to assess the quality of prefix matching, which more tightly correlates with typo reduction than conventional predictive typing measures. Experiments conducted on large touch sequence datasets suggest that prefix autocorrection is a viable approach to speed up error detection and correction, and that attendant improvements in typo recovery early in the word lead to a smoother keyboard input experience.
SISGR-Fundamental Experimental and Theoretical Studies on a Novel Family of Oxide Catalyst Supports for Water Electrolysis (2014)

Identification and development of non-noble metal based electro-catalysts or electro-catalysts with significant reduction of expensive noble metal contents (E.g. IrO2, Pt) with comparable electrochemical performance as the standard noble metal/metal oxide for proton exchange membrane (PEM) based water electrolysis would constitute a major breakthrough in the generation of hydrogen by water electrolysis. Accomplishing such a system would not only result reduction of the overall capital costs of PEM based water electrolyzers, but also help attain the targeted hydrogen production cost [< $ 3.0 / gallon gasoline equivalent (gge)] comparable to conventional liquid fuels. In line with these goals, it was demonstrated that fluorine doped IrO2 thin films and nanostructured high surface area powders display remarkably higher electrochemical activity, and comparable durability as pure IrO2 electro-catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in PEM based water electrolysis. Furthermore, corrosion resistant SnO2 and NbO2 support has been doped with F and coupled with IrO2 or RuO2 for use as an OER electro-catalyst. A solid solution of SnO2:F or NbO2:F with only 20 - 30 mol.% IrO2 or RuO2 yielding a rutile structure in the form of thin films and bulk nanoparticles displays similar electrochemical activity and stability as pure IrO2/RuO2. This would lead to more than 70 mol.% reduction in the noble metal oxide content. Novel nanostructured ternary (Ir,Sn,Nb)O2 thin films of different compositions FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF NANOSTRUCTURED ELECTRO-CATALYSTS WITH REDUCED NOBLE METAL CONTENT FOR PEM BASED WATER ELECTROLYSIS 4 have also been studied. It has been shown that (Ir0.40Sn0.30Nb0.30)O2 shows similar electrochemical activity and enhanced chemical robustness as compared to pure IrO2. F doping of the ternary (Ir,Sn,Nb)O2 catalyst helps in further decreasing the noble metal oxide content of the catalyst. As a result, these reduced noble metal oxide catalyst systems would potentially be preferred as OER electro-catalysts for PEM electrolysis. The excellent performance of the catalysts coupled with its robustness would make them great candidates for contributing to significant reduction in the overall capital costs of PEM based water electrolyzers. This s.thesis provides a detailed fundamental study of the synthesis, materials, characterization, theoretical studies and detailed electrochemical response and potential mechanisms of these novel electro-catalysts for OER processes.
<title>Magnetic localization and real-time tracking of concealed threats</title> (2001)

Blades, knives, handguns and vehicles are similar targets for magnetic tracking purposes, and their differences can be described parametrically. These parameters can be used for classification, and to model the performance of a sensor node being used for a proposed application. The scaling laws that relate these parameters to actual performance will be reviewed and applied to a real world example. This computed noise limit will be contrasted with the practical limit observed in those measurements.
Photo, thermal and photothermal activity of TiO2 supported Pt catalysts for plasmon-driven environmental applications (2023)

TiO2+Pt plasmonic solids with 1 wt% Pt and different TiO2 supports (anatase nanoparticles (TNP), polycrystalline nanorods (a-TNR) and single-crystal anatase nanorods (TNR)) were synthesized using the wet impregnation technique and tested as photo, thermal and photothermal catalysts in gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. Due to the different charges of the TiO2 support surfaces, Pt particles with different sizes, crystallinities and degrees of interaction with the TiO2 supports were formed during the synthesis. The heights of the Schottky barrier (SBH) were 0.38 eV for the a-TNR+Pt, 0.41 eV for the TNP+Pt, and 0.50 eV for the TNR+Pt samples, respectively. The low visible-light-triggered photocatalytic activity of the TNR+Pt catalyst toward the oxidation of water-dissolved bisphenol A (BPA) is attributed to its high SBH and active site deactivation due to the adsorption of BPA and/or BPA oxidation products. The highest photothermal catalytic H2-assisted NO2 reduction rate was expressed by the TNR+Pt catalyst. This can be ascribed to the presence of a narrow particle size distribution of small Pt particles, the absence of the Pt catalysed reduction of the TNR support at higher temperatures, and the lower rate of re-injection of “hot electrons” from the TNR support to the Pt particles.
71 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Risk Scores Predicting Inpatient Mortality and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) are Poorly Concordant in High Risk Patients (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> High-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures are being performed in greater numbers, in older patients with multiple comorbidities, and increasingly in the setting of acute coronary syndromes. Estimating inpatient PCI mortality and MACE risk (mortality, Q-wave myocardial infarction, urgent coronary artery bypass grafting and stroke) is essential in informing decision-making, consent, and operator and institutional benchmarking. There are a number of currently available risk scores that are often applied interchangeably. We investigated if there was concordance between contemporary risk scoring systems for inpatient mortality and MACE following PCI in patients at low, moderate or high-risk in a ‘real life’ cohort, depending upon method of presentation (elective, urgent, emergency). <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively identified 1,404 consecutive patients treated by PCI within a 6-month period in 2013. The New York risk score (NY) and National Cardiovascular Data Registry score (NCDR) were calculated for each patient to predict inpatient mortality risk and the Northwestern Quality Improvement score (NWQIP) and the Mayo Clinical Risk Score (MCRS) were calculated to predict inpatient MACE risk. Using the NY score as the reference for inpatient mortality and the NWQIP score as the reference for inpatient MACE, patients were divided into three risk groups (low &lt; 1%; moderate 1–5%; high &gt; 5%) and stratified into elective, urgent and emergency clinical presentations. Concordance was estimated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) calculated with respect to each risk score and stratified by patient group. <h3>Results</h3> 757 patients were identified as low-risk (461 elective, 280 urgent, 16 emergency), 497 patients as moderate-risk (73 elective, 197 urgent, 227 emergency) and 150 patients as high-risk (4 elective, 43 urgent, 103 emergency) for inpatient mortality. 607 patients were identified as low-risk (382 elective, 225 urgent, 0 emergency), 594 patients as moderate-risk (97 elective, 237 urgent, 260 emergency) and 203 patients as high-risk (14 elective, 66 urgent, 123 emergency) for inpatient MACE events. The ICC indicated that risk scores correlated well for low-risk groups however were poorly concordant for high-risk groups (Table 1) and that this was true regardless of mode of clinical presentation (Table 2). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Currently available PCI risk scores for both inpatient mortality and MACE are broadly concordant in low risk patient groups. However in patients at higher risk with multiple co-morbid factors, current tools are poorly concordant in predicting mortality and MACE. This has important implications for consent, and benchmark analysis of operator and institutional performance. Better understanding of choice of risk score for use in clinical practice is needed particularly as case mix and complexity evolve.
Lead Optimization in Drug Discovery (2008)

Abstract Lead optimization in drug discovery has changed significantly over the past five years and no longer is fragmented into separate hit‐to‐lead and lead optimization phases. Chemical lead optimization from high‐throughput screening (HTS) to clinical candidate identification is now one seamless process that draws on new technologies for accelerated synthesis, purification, and screening of directed, iterative compound libraries. Advances In high‐throughput screening technologies allow detection of new allosteric modes of target modulation, which provides new chemotypes and target opportunities. With the incorporation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) inputs early in the lead optimization work flow, molecules are not optimized solely for target potency and selectivity. Moreover, “closed‐loop” work flows are in place such that synthesis and primary screening operate on a 1‐week turnaround for up to 48 compounds/week with DMPK data cycling every other week to guide compound design, which provides expedited timelines for the development of proof‐of‐concept compounds and clinical candidates with limited human resources.
Well-Defined NiFeAlO4 Inverse Spinel As Efficient Alkaline Water Oxidation Catalyst (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Monovalent sialosides that bind tightly to influenza A virus (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonovalent sialosides that bind tightly to influenza A virusPeter L. Toogood, Peter K. Galliker, Gary D. Glick, and Jeremy R. KnowlesCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 10, 3138–3140Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00114a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00114a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GABA‐containing neurones in nucleus tractus solitarii chronically suppress baroreflex gain in normotensive but not hypertensive rats (2010)

Alterations in excitability of neuronal networks in the NTS may affect baroreceptor reflex processing and contribute to essential hypertension. Our acute data indicated a difference in GABAergic tone influencing heart rate and sympathetic drive between the normotensive Wistar rat and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Here, our aim was to determine the chronic role of GABAergic NTS neurons in regulating the cardiovascular system in conscious Wistar and SHR implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters. After baseline measurements, microinjections of an immunotoxin that combines an antibody to the GABA transporter GAT1 with saporin (Sap‐GAT1) was used to specifically lesion GABAergic neurons (bilateral injections of 1.5 ng, 100 nl per side). This process deleted ~50% of GABAergic neurons compared to the rats that received a microinjection of vehicle. Following the lesion there was no change in water or food intake, or weight in both rat groups. Further, no change in arterial pressure or heart rate was observed in either rat strain. However, 3 weeks after the Sap‐GAT1 injections spontaneous baroreflex gain (sBRG) increased (from 1.38±0.16 to 1.89±0.04 ms2 ; P&lt;0.05) in Wistar, but not SHR (basal 0.67±0.03 to 0.79±0.06 ms2; ns). In conclusion, NTS GABAergic neurons act chronically to suppress sBRG in Wistar rats but not SHR, and this does not affect the basal levels of arterial pressure and heart rate.HL059167‐10.
Synthesis of phthalic and maleic anhydrides from n-pentane. 1. Kinetic analysis of the reaction network (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of phthalic and maleic anhydrides from n-pentane. 1. Kinetic analysis of the reaction networkGabriele Centi, Jose Lopez-Nieto, Davide Pinelli, and Ferruccio TrifiroCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1989, 28, 4, 400–406Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00088a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00088a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views678Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Methods from Safety, Outcomes, and T-Cell Characteristics in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory MDS or CMML Treated with Atezolizumab in Combination with Guadecitabine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Isolation and DNA extraction of bone marrow cell populations; Targeted DNA sequencing; Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) staining and flow cytometry analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Cavity ringdown spectroscopy with a continuous-wave laser: calculation of coupling efficiency and a new spectrometer design (1999)

For the efficient operation of a cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) system utilized with a continuous-wave (cw) laser, we numerically analyze the coupling efficiency of a cw laser to a ringdown cavity in terms of changes in the scanning rate, the laser linewidth, and the mirror reflectivity. We also demonstrate a new simple design for a CRDS system that can produce a CRDS signal with only a piezoelectric transducer (PZT), without the acousto-optic modulator that is usually adopted to switch off the cw laser beam that enters the cavity. Furthermore, we investigate the feasibility of the cw CRDS technique with a fast-scanning PZT by recording a CRDS spectrum of acetylene overtones. The detection sensitivity that corresponds to the noise-equivalent absorption is found to be approximately 3 x 10(-9)/cm.
Enhanced Signals and Fast Nucleic Acid Hybridization By Microfluidic Chaotic Mixing (2006)

Ordnung aus dem Chaos: Durch mikrofluides chaotisches Mischen wird die Gleichgewichtseinstellung bei der Hybridisierung in DNA-Mikroarrays gegenüber konventionellen Techniken deutlich verkürzt. Die Ergebnisse illustrieren ein neues Konzept für Kinetikstudien in Mikrofluidiksystemen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2006/z503830_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Radiation Degradation of Microchemical Chips and Capillary Tubes by Gamma-Ray Irradiation (2006)

Analytical equipment, which consists of a microchemical chip and a desktop-sized thermal lens microscope (DTTLM), is being developed to analyze solutions in PUREX reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels. Radiation degradation by gamma-rays of the microchemical chip and capillary tubes used in this equipment were studied. The decreased thermal lens signal of a colored microchemical chip made of Pyrex (Corning#7740) glass by the irradiation can be corrected by using empirical correlations of the light transmittance. The usable dose of the EXLON PFA capillary tube was less than 30kGy. The microchemical chip made of Pyrex (Corning#7740) glass and the EXLON PFA capillary tubes can be applied to the analyses of high radioactivity samples since the sample quantity required for analysis is very small. Radiation degradation of the microchemical chip made of synthetic quartz (SUPRASIL-P) and the VICTREX PEEK capillary tubes was not observed for the dose studied here.
ChemInform Abstract: THE HYDROXYLATION OF ALKANES AND ALKYL CHAINS (1978)

Abstract Eine Lösung von 38%igem H 2 O, in Trifluoressigsäure (wirksame Spezies: Trifluorperessigsäure) überführt lineare Alkane (Hexan, Heptan, Decan) und Cycloalkane (Cyclohexan, ‐octan, ‐dodecan) in Gleichgewichtsgemische verschiedener sek. Alkohole und ihrer Trifluoracetate (Tabellen).
Recombinant Lectin from Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) with Specific Recognition for Cancer-Associated Glycans: Production, Structural Characterization, and Target Identification (2020)

Herein, we report the production of a recombinant Tepary bean lectin (<i>r</i>TBL-1), its three-dimensional (3D) structure, and its differential recognition for cancer-type glycoconjugates. <i>r</i>TBL-1 was expressed in <i>Pichia pastoris,</i> yielding 316 mg per liter of culture, and was purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Characterization of the protein showed that <i>r</i>TBL-1 is a stable 120 kDa homo-tetramer folded as a canonical leguminous lectin with two divalent cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup>) attached to each subunit, confirmed in its 3D structure solved by X-ray diffraction at 1.9 Å resolution. Monomers also presented a ~2.5 kDa <i>N</i>-linked glycan located on the opposite face of the binding pocket. It does not participate in carbohydrate recognition but contributes to the stabilization of the interfaces between protomers. Screening for potential <i>r</i>TBL-1 targets by glycan array identified 14 positive binders, all of which correspond to β1-6 branched <i>N</i>-glycans' characteristics of cancer cells. The presence of α1-6 core fucose, also tumor-associated, improved carbohydrate recognition. <i>r</i>TBL-1 affinity for a broad spectrum of mono- and disaccharides was evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC); however, no interaction was detected, corroborating that carbohydrate recognition is highly specific and requires larger ligands for binding. This would explain the differential recognition between healthy and cancer cells by Tepary bean lectins.