gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure of epitaxial Fe-doped SrTiO3thin films (2011)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been applied to study the electronic structure of the epitaxial Fe-doped SrTiO3 thin films with an Fe concentration of 1 and 2 at%. The results were compared to undoped thin films and lightly Fe-doped single crystal of SrTiO3. Fe doping was found to increase the amount of the in-gap states which can be related to the increased ability of Fe-doped thin films to exhibit resistive switching behaviour. Core level analysis indicates the mixed-valence character of Fe atoms in the films, with a divalent contribution situated on the surface.
Uncertainty Contribution of the Analog Conditioning Block in DSP-Based Instruments (2007)

The type-B evaluation of the uncertainty affecting the measurements provided by any instrument could be done by properly processing the nominal accuracy specifications of each functional block in the instrument. In DSP-based measurements, the implementation of such a procedure faces the difficulty arising from the fact that the usual accuracy specifications of the input analog conditioning block cannot be used to determine the uncertainty affecting each sample of the block output signal. In this paper, a calibration procedure is proposed to tackle this issue. It is based on the use of high-accuracy data acquisition boards and the simultaneous acquisition of the signals at the input and output of the analog block. The results of the characterization of active voltage transducers are reported. An application example is developed, and its results are discussed
Weighted Graph-Based Signal Temporal Logic Inference Using Neural Networks (2021)

Extracting spatial-temporal knowledge from data is useful in many applications. It is important that the obtained knowledge is human-interpretable and amenable to formal analysis. In this paper, we propose a method that trains neural networks to learn spatial-temporal properties in the form of weighted graph-based signal temporal logic (wGSTL) formulas. For learning wGSTL formulas, we introduce a flexible wGSTL formula structure in which the user's preference can be applied in the inferred wGSTL formulas. In the proposed framework, each neuron of the neural networks corresponds to a subformula in a flexible wGSTL formula structure. We initially train a neural network to learn the wGSTL operators and then train a second neural network to learn the parameters in a flexible wGSTL formula structure. We use a COVID-19 dataset and a rain prediction dataset to evaluate the performance of the proposed framework and algorithms. We compare the performance of the proposed framework with three baseline classification methods including K-nearest neighbors, decision trees, support vector machine, and artificial neural networks. The classification accuracy obtained by the proposed framework is comparable with the baseline classification methods.
Safety of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides in Veterinary Species (2003)

Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs in particular sequence contexts (CpG ODN) are recognized as a danger signal by the innate immune system of vertebrates. For this reason, CpG ODNs have a potential application as both an adjuvant and nonspecific immune modulator and are currently being evaluated in a number of human and veterinary clinical trials. Given their potent immunostimulatory activity, CpG ODNs could possibly induce adverse reactions. As all adjuvants and immune modulators must be nontoxic to meet safety requirements, it was essential to address the safety aspects of CpG ODNs. The current review summarizes experiments carried out to date to establish the safety of CpG ODNs in animals.
Improvement of a PET Detector Performance by Setting Reflectors in Parallel With PMT Face (2018)

A whole-body positron emission tomography scanner must be equipped with many detectors so that they are often composed of low-cost photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), that is, large anode-type PMTs. The general detector structure has a scintillation crystal element array coupled on an array of the large anode PMTs, and for crystal element identification, the method is needed to get sufficient spread of scintillation light for distribution among distant PMT anodes. Besides the common method of using a light guide, some methods have been proposed for better element identification performance. In this paper, we introduce a new method, in which the scintillation light spread is promoted not only by removing reflectors between crystal elements but also by restricting light exit to the PMTs by placing additional reflectors at the bottom of the crystal element array. Because the additional reflectors are parallel to the PMT surface, we call them parallel reflectors. We verified our method with a detector consisting of the 2.45 mm × 5 mm × 15 mm Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2x</sub> Gd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2(1-x)</sub> SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> :Ce crystal elements and two dualphotocathode PMTs. Each photocathode was 8 mm × 18 mm in size. We set a 9 × 10 crystal element array on the two PMTs and tried to identify the elements by the 2 × 2 PMT signals. Detector performance was evaluated with 137Cs point sources (662-keV gamma rays). The results showed that despite a significant decrease in light output at the boundary of the two PMTs, the method made crystal element identification possible. We measured energy resolutions of 13.1% and 17.8% for the elements on the PMT photocathode area and the PMT boundary, respectively. Our method is applicable to the depth-of-interaction detector consisting of multilayer crystal element arrays. By inserting parallel reflectors between the layers, we would be able to control the path of scintillation light originating in the upper layer. The effect was first examined in a basic study with two layers of a 2×5 crystal element array. Then, the array of each layer was increased to 9×9 for performance evaluation. It was difficult to identify all 162 crystal elements with four PMT signals; however, results suggest the possibility of scintillation light path control in each layer separately by the parallel reflectors and the potential for better performance by more precise adjustment of parallel reflectors.
Die Chemie von Antikörpern (2002)

Traditionell konzentrierte sich die Immunchemie darauf, die molekulare Grundlage der Affinität und Spezifität von Antikörperbindungen zu verstehen, doch in den letzten zwanzig Jahren hat auf diesem Gebiet eine bedeutende Verschiebung stattgefunden. Wir fragen uns nun, wie man die bemerkenswerten Eigenschaften von Antikörpern und der Immunantwort in der Chemie nutzen kann – vom Überprüfen grundlegender Theorien der Enzymkatalyse zur Synthese neuer Katalysatoren. Außerdem wird das Konzept der molekularen Diversität, das diesen Experimenten zu Grunde liegt, nun auf eine große Zahl anderer Probleme angewandt – von Bibliotheken von Biopolymeren bis hin zu solchen von Festkörpermaterialien. Diese Untersuchungen bieten nicht nur fundamentale Einblicke in viele biologische, chemische und physikalische Vorgänge, sondern Chemikern auch einen anderen Zugang zur Synthese neuer molekularer Funktionen.
Finite Element Dynamic Modeling of Elastic Beam With Prismatic Joint (1995)

Abstract A finite element dynamic model of a translating beam through a prismatic joint is presented. The method adopts a fixed number of elements. The element length, on the contrary to the previously reported models, is constant. The time dependent nature of the boundary conditions is utilized to impose the prismatic joint constraints by varying the stiffness of the transition element. This method preserves all the dynamic coupling terms between the axial rigid body motion and the elastic deformations. The end mass dynamics is conveniently considered in the formulation. Furthermore, the introduced dynamic model offers a convenient formulation that can be incorporated into a general flexible multibody dynamics code and lends itself for control applications. The developed model is evaluated through comparisons with previously reported results of other models.
Electro-optic comb based real time ultra-high sensitivity phase noise measurement system for high frequency microwaves (2017)

Recent progress in ultra low phase noise microwave generation indispensably depends on ultra low phase noise characterization systems. However, achieving high sensitivity currently relies on time consuming averaging via cross correlation, which sometimes even underestimates phase noise because of residual correlations. Moreover, extending high sensitivity phase noise measurements to microwaves beyond 10 GHz is very difficult because of the lack of suitable high frequency microwave components. In this work, we introduce a delayed self-heterodyne method in conjunction with sensitivity enhancement via the use of higher order comb modes from an electro-optic comb for ultra-high sensitivity phase noise measurements. The method obviates the need for any high frequency RF components and has a frequency measurement range limited only by the bandwidth (100 GHz) of current electro-optic modulators. The estimated noise floor is as low as -133 dBc/Hz, -155 dBc/Hz, -170 dBc/Hz and -171 dBc/Hz without cross correlation at 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 1 MHz Fourier offset frequency for a 10 GHz carrier, respectively. Moreover, since no cross correlation is necessary, RF oscillator phase noise can be directly suppressed via feedback up to 100 kHz frequency offset.
A new EC–PC threshold estimation method forin vivoneural spike detection (2012)

This paper models in vivo neural signals and noise for extracellular spike detection. Although the recorded data approximately follow Gaussian distribution, they clearly deviate from white Gaussian noise due to neuronal synchronization and sparse distribution of spike energy. Our study predicts the coexistence of two components embedded in neural data dynamics, one in the exponential form (noise) and the other in the power form (neural spikes). The prediction of the two components has been confirmed in experiments of in vivo sequences recorded from the hippocampus, cortex surface, and spinal cord; both acute and long-term recordings; and sleep and awake states. These two components are further used as references for threshold estimation. Different from the conventional wisdom of setting a threshold at 3×RMS, the estimated threshold exhibits a significant variation. When our algorithm was tested on synthesized sequences with a different signal to noise ratio and on/off firing dynamics, inferred threshold statistics track the benchmarks well. We envision that this work may be applied to a wide range of experiments as a front-end data analysis tool.
Rapid classification of vehicle heading direction with two-axis magnetometer (2012)

We present an approach for computing the heading direction of a vehicle by processing measurements from a 2-axis magnetometer rapidly. The proposed method relies on a non-linear transformation of the measurement data comprising only two inner products. Deterministic analysis of the signal model shows how the heading direction is contained in the signal and the proposed estimator is analyzed in terms of its statistical properties. Experimental verification indicates that good performance is achieved under the presence of saturation, measurement noise, and near field effects.
Competitive ability of western Canadian spring wheat cultivars in a model weed system (2022)

Economic and social pressures are spurring the study of alternate weed management strategies such as the development of competitive crop cultivars, capable of being used under an integrated management plan. The primary objective of this research was to determine whether western Canadian spring wheat ( Triticum spp.) cultivars differ in their ability to compete against model weeds and whether those differences were expressed when challenged with wild weeds. A total of 71 wheat cultivars were grown in the absence or presence of simulated [cultivated oat ( Avena sativa L.) and oriental mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)] or natural [wild oat ( Avena fatua L.)] weed competition conditions. Significant ( p = 0.01) weed by cultivar interactions involving changes in yield cultivar rank were detected, indicating that the cultivars responded differently to competition. A small minority of cultivars such as Glenlea, CDC Rama, Genesis, AC Taber, AC Vista, Plenty, Napoleon, and BW652 had high-yield potential coupled with yield maintenance under weed pressure. The competitive ability advantage appeared to be associated with plant height or tillers per square meter as well as shorter vernalization requirement combined with photoperiod sensitivity. These outlier cultivar differences could be exploited in breeding new widely adapted varieties for scenarios where reduced herbicide weed control is desired, including situations where herbicide resistance limits chemical options. Cultivars with differing competitive ability under model weed conditions maintained their ranking when challenged by natural weed infestations. This suggests that selecting competitive spring wheat cultivars using a repeatable protocol based on model weeds is realistic.
Oxabenzomorphane: Synthese, Reaktionen und ZNS‐Wirkung von 2,6‐Methano‐1‐benzoxocinen (1987)

Abstract Die basisch katalysierte Umsetzung von Salicylidenaceton (3a) mit Acetessigester (2a) führt zum Tetrahydro‐methanobenzoxocinon 4a. Mit Derivaten der Ausgangsprodukte ( 3b‐f und 2b‐f ) entstehen die Tricyclen 4b‐g bzw. 8a‐d , daneben können die Cyclohexenone 7a‐f isoliert werden sowie die Oxaphenanthrene 9 bzw. 10a‐d. Die Amine 12a‐d , durch reduktive Aminierung von 4a dargestellt, wirken im Tierversuch erregend, in höheren Dosen krampfauslösend.
On achievable rate regions for half-duplex causal cognitive radio channels (2010)

Coding for the causal cognitive radio channel, with the cognitive source subjected to a half-duplex constraint, is studied. A discrete memoryless channel model incorporating the half-duplex constraint is presented, and a new achievable rate region is derived for this channel. It is proved that this rate region contains the previously known causal achievable rate region of for Gaussian channels.
The importance of sulfonate to the self-doping mechanism of the water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte PCPDTBT-SO3K (2020)

In-depth understanding of the doped and de-doped states of CPE-K, a unique, water-soluble, highly conductive polymer.
Guidelines and Benchmarks for Deployment of Deep Learning Models on Smartphones as Real-Time Apps (2019)

Deep learning solutions are being increasingly used in mobile applications. Although there are many open-source software tools for the development of deep learning solutions, there are no guidelines in one place in a unified manner for using these tools toward real-time deployment of these solutions on smartphones. From the variety of available deep learning tools, the most suited ones are used in this paper to enable real-time deployment of deep learning inference networks on smartphones. A uniform flow of implementation is devised for both Android and iOS smartphones. The advantage of using multi-threading to achieve or improve real-time throughputs is also showcased. A benchmarking framework consisting of accuracy, CPU/GPU consumption, and real-time throughput is considered for validation purposes. The developed deployment approach allows deep learning models to be turned into real-time smartphone apps with ease based on publicly available deep learning and smartphone software tools. This approach is applied to six popular or representative convolutional neural network models, and the validation results based on the benchmarking metrics are reported.
Thermal etching of AlF3 and thermal atomic layer etching of Al2O3 (2020)

Thermal etching of AlF3 with dimethyl-aluminum chloride (DMAC) and thermal isotropic atomic layer etching (ALE) of Al2O3 with alternating anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) and DMAC steps were studied. DMAC vapor etches AlF3 spontaneously at substrate temperatures above 180 °C. The thermal etching reaction of AlF3 with DMAC exhibited no self-limitation and showed a linear dependence on DMAC pressure. The authors determined an activation energy of 1.2 eV for this reaction. When Al2O3 is fluorinated, DMAC removes the fluorinated layer partially. The etch amount per cycle (EPC) in thermal isotropic ALE of Al2O3 with HF/DMAC is primarily determined by the fluorination step placing significant importance on its design. Fluorination with HF gas was found to be more effective and repeatable than with NF3. Plasma fluorination is faster and provides higher EPC, but the selectivity to Si3N4 or SiO2 mask materials is compromised. For pressures between 10 and 110 mTorr and a substrate temperature of 250 °C, thermal ALE of Al2O3 with HF/DMAC was found to have a very high selectivity to SiO2 and amorphous silicon. HfO2, however, etched with similar EPC as Al2O3.
Experimental and Clinical Application of Plasmid DNA in the Field of Central Nervous Diseases (2011)

Novel therapeutic strategies utilizing plasmid DNA (pDNA) have been sought for non-treatable neurological disorders, such as ischemic stroke, Parkinson disease (PD), Alzheimer disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). One strategy is to induce overexpression of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), in the brain. Since ischemic stroke, PD, and AD show damage of neurons, the transfer of pDNA encoding these genes has been examined and shown to protect neurons from damage, associated with a better behavioral outcome. These growth factors have also been shown to accelerate angiogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and neurogenesis in the brain, and overexpression of these factors showed therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia in rodents. Another application of pDNA is as a "DNA vaccine" to induce immunity against amyloid Aβ in AD, which requires a predominantly Th2 response to avoid autoimmune encephalomyelitis evoked by a Th1 response. Since the combination of pDNA and special devices and/or modification of pDNA could induce a predominantly Th2 response to a targeted antigen, a pDNA-based vaccine would be ideal for AD. Interestingly, pDNA could also induce immune tolerance, and pDNA-based vaccines to induce immune tolerance to autoimmune antibodies have been extensively examined in an animal model of MS. Based on the results, a pDNA vaccine has already been tried in MS patients and reported to be safe and partly effective in phase I/II clinical studies. In this review, we discuss the potential and problems of pDNA-mediated medicine in neurological disorders.
Long-term radiological and histological outcomes following selective internal radiation therapy to liver metastases from breast cancer (2018)

Liver metastasis from breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis and is a major cause of early morbidity and mortality. When liver resection is not feasible, minimally invasive directed therapies are considered to attempt to prolong survival. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with yttrium-90 microspheres is a liver-directed therapy that can improve local control of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. We present a case of a patient with a ductal breast adenocarcinoma, who developed liver and bone metastasis despite extensive treatment with systemic chemotherapies. Following SIRT to the liver, after an initial response, the patient ultimately progressed in the liver after 7 months. Liver tumor histology obtained 20 months after the SIRT intervention demonstrated the presence of the resin microspheres in situ. This case report demonstrates the long-term control that may be achieved with SIRT to treat liver metastases from breast cancer that is refractory to previous chemotherapies, and the presence of microspheres in situ long-term.
Robust passive and active efflux of cellular cholesterol to a designer functional mimic of high density lipoprotein (2015)

The ability of HDL to support macrophage cholesterol efflux is an integral part of its atheroprotective action. Augmenting this ability, especially when HDL cholesterol efflux capacity from macrophages is poor, represents a promising therapeutic strategy. One approach to enhancing macrophage cholesterol efflux is infusing blood with HDL mimics. Previously, we reported the synthesis of a functional mimic of HDL (fmHDL) that consists of a gold nanoparticle template, a phospholipid bilayer, and apo A-I. In this work, we characterize the ability of fmHDL to support the well-established pathways of cellular cholesterol efflux from model cell lines and primary macrophages. fmHDL received cell cholesterol by unmediated (aqueous) and ABCG1- and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-mediated diffusion. Furthermore, the fmHDL holoparticle accepted cholesterol and phospholipid by the ABCA1 pathway. These results demonstrate that fmHDL supports all the cholesterol efflux pathways available to native HDL and thus, represents a promising infusible therapeutic for enhancing macrophage cholesterol efflux. fmHDL accepts cholesterol from cells by all known pathways of cholesterol efflux: unmediated, ABCG1- and SR-BI-mediated diffusion, and through ABCA1.
17β-estradiol mediated effects on pluripotency transcription factors and differentiation capacity in mesenchymal stem cells derived porcine from newborns as steroid hormones non-functional donors (2017)

Won-Jae Lee, Ji-Sung Park, HyeonJeong Lee, Seung-Chan Lee, Jeong-Hyun Lee, Sun-A Ock, Gyu-Jin Rho, and Sung-Lim Lee. Journal of Embryo Transfer 2017;32:209-20. https://doi.org/10.12750/JET.2017.32.3.209
Manipulating photon coherence to enhance the security of distributed phase reference quantum key distribution (2017)

Distributed-phase-reference (DPR) systems were introduced as a method of decreasing the complexity of quantum key distribution systems for practical use. However, their information-theoretic security has only been proven when the added requirement of block-wise phase randomisation is met. Realisation of this with a conventional approach would result in a cumbersome transmitter, removing any practical advantage held by DPR systems. Here, we solve this problem using a light source that allows the coherence between pulses to be controlled on a pulse-by-pulse basis without the need for additional bulky components. The system is modulator-free, does not require a complex receiver, and features an excellent stability without an active stabilisation mechanism. We achieve megabit per second key rates that are almost three times higher than those obtained with the standard Bennet-Brassard 1984 protocol.
Figure S2 from Functional morphology of a lobopod: case study of an onychophoran leg (2019)

<b>Musculature and haemolymph system of the foot in <i>E. rowelli</i>.</b> Volume rendering based on nanoCT data from left mid-trunk leg.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐((5‐Methylbenz‐1‐ox‐4‐azin‐6‐yl)imino) imidazolidine, a Potent, Peripherally Acting α2 Adrenoceptor Agonist. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.