gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
560. Generation of Functional Regulatory T Cells by FOXP3 Gene Transfer into CD4 T Cell from IPEX Patients (2016)

IPEX (Immunodysregulation Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked) syndrome is the prototype of primary immunodeficiency with prevailing autoimmunity. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), which leads to the loss of function of thymus-derived CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (tTreg) cells. In IPEX patients, the absence of a functional Treg cell compartment leads to the development of multiple autoimmune manifestations (including severe enteropathy, type 1 diabetes and eczema) usually in the first months or years of life. The current treatments for IPEX syndrome include immunosuppressive, hormone replacement therapies. Unfortunately, immunosuppressive treatments are usually only partially effective and their dose is often limited because of the occurrence of infectious complications and toxicity. Currently, the only curative treatment for IPEX syndrome is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The absence of an HLA-compatible donor for all patients and their poor clinical condition particularly expose them to a risk of mortality when HLA partially compatible donors are used. For all these reasons, effective alternative therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Various preclinical studies have shown that partial donor chimerism is sufficient for complete remission meaning that a small number of functional natural Treg is sufficient to restore immune tolerance. This suggests that T cell gene therapy approaches designed to selectively restore the repertoire of Treg cells is a promising potential cure for IPEX. We demonstrated that FOXP3 gene transfer into CD4+ T cells from IPEX patients enable the generation of potent and stable regulatory T cells. Indeed we showed the functional suppressive properties of the generated CD4IPEX-FOXP3 cells in an optimized flow-cytometry-based in vitro suppression assay. We are currently comparing the transcriptional profile of these regulatory CD4IPEX-FOXP3 cells in comparison to natural Treg by RNA-seq analysis. Therefore, the introduction of a functional copy of the FOXP3 gene into an IPEX patient's T cells may be enough to restore immune tolerance and thus avoid the complications of allogenic HSCT. We will also discuss the challenge of generating a large, homogenous and stable population of cells in vitro for adoptive transfer and whether it can ensure long-term disease correction without generating a context of generalized immunosuppression.
Liquid metal nanocomposites (2020)

Liquid metal (LM) has attracted tremendous interest over the past decade for its enabling combination of high electrical and thermal conductivity and low mechanical compliance and viscosity. Efforts to harness LM in electronics, robotics, and biomedical applications have largely involved methods to encapsulate the liquid so that it can support functionality without leaking or smearing. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in LM "nanocomposites" in which either liquid metal is mixed with metallic nanoparticles or nanoscale droplets of liquid metal are suspended within a soft polymer matrix. Both of these material systems represent an important step towards utilizing liquid metal for breakthrough applications. In this minireview, we present a brief overview of recent progress over the past few years in methods to synthesize LM nanomaterials and utilize them as transducers for sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting. In particular, we focus on techniques for stable synthesis of LM nanodroplets, suspension of nanodroplets within various matrix materials, and methods for incorporating metallic nanoparticles within an LM matrix.
Scalable Reliability Monitoring of GaN Power Converter Through Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

Reliability and operation of high-frequency Gallium Nitride (GaN) power converters are yet to be discovered. Coming with the reliability assessment and improving the life extension of power converters, the approach is to monitor semiconductor on-resistor changes as a precursor signature for diagnostic/prognostic. This paper presents a novel approach for hybrid condition-based prognostic and reliability monitoring of GaN devices. The proposed approach offers a multi-physics co-simulations solution for degradation fatigue modeling of the GaN power devices. With the availability of the most granular information deduced from the advanced devices, the paper develops deep learning based algorithms for online reliability in power electronics. The proposed algorithm is based on the prominent version of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) named Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). LSTM models are utilized for system training and simulation model calibrations, and eventually predicting the next states within the next time horizon.
Analysis of mass spectrometry data for serum biomarker discovery (2007)

We present a computational framework to analyze MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry data for quantitative comparison of peptides and glycans in serum. In particular, we introduce an algorithm that detects peaks that are differentially abundant in a subgroup of patients. The method is applied to identify candidate biomarkers in serum samples of 203 participants from Egypt; 73 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases, 52 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and 78 healthy individuals. Mass spectra were generated using two experiments: (1) low molecular weight (LMW) enriched serum samples were used for MALDI-TOF quantification of peptides, and (2) glycans were enzymatically released from proteins in serum and permethylated prior to MALDI-TOF quantification. A subset of the participants (35 HCC and 35 CLD cases) was used to select the most useful peaks. The peak selection step is preceded by peak screening, where we eliminated peaks that seem to have association with covariates such as age, gender, and viral infection based on the 78 spectra from healthy individuals. The performance of the selected peaks was evaluated in terms of detecting the disease state of a blinded independent set that comprised of 38 HCC and 17 CLD cases. Further evaluation of the potential clinical utility of the selected candidate peptide and glycan markers is needed.
A fuzzy multi-local method to detect specific shapes (2003)

We propose to identify particular shapes of an image surface a method based on the fuzzy analysis of the eigen values space. We have used the framework of differential geometry, and used a multilocal analysis. We have integrated this method into a medical application.
Efficacy and safety of telotristat etiprate in patients with carcinoid syndrome not adequately controlled by somatostatin analog therapy: Analysis of the ongoing TELESTAR extension period (2016)

Introduction: TELESTAR was a pivotal, randomized phase 3 study evaluating telotristat etiprate (TE), a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, among patients (pts) with carcinoid syndrome (CS). When added to somatostatin analogues (SSA), 250 mg tid and 500 mg tid TE each produced significantly greater bowel movement (BM) frequency reduction averaged over 12 weeks (wks) than placebo (PBO) plus SSA (p < 0.001). Pts crossed over to open-label (OL) treatment with TE 500 mg tid after Wk 12. The extension phase (Wk 13 to Wk 48) is still ongoing.
Thermomechanical Properties of Aluminium Heaters to Test the Compact Muon Solenoid Cooling System for Phase Two Upgrade (2017)

The main objectives of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider are precision studies of the Standard Model of Particle Physics and the discovery of physics beyond it. To meet that, it is essential for the CMS detector to function at the highest efficiency for detecting subatomic particles within various technical constraints. In particular, the readout chips of the Pixel Tracker sub-detector produce significant heat and must be kept at -10 °C to ensure optimal performance and reduce cumulative damage in the high radiation environment. Thus, it is necessary to design a cooling system to extract heat from this sub-detector. To study the performance of the cooling system, we propose a flexible design of aluminum traces on glass sheets of the size of the readout chips to simulate heat generated by these chips. The design can be re-configured by internally wire-bonding for various heat outputs. We study the thermal and mechanical properties of these aluminum heaters, connected in multiple configurations, by applying a voltage to them and calculating their resistance and dissipated power. We find that different heater configurations can dissipate a minimum power of about 6 Watts, which is similar to the power dissipated by the current readout chips. We conclude that the final heater configuration to be used can produce the amount of heat needed to validate designs for the CMS Phase Two Pixel Detector upgrade.
Soft Handover Overhead Control in Pilot Power Management in WCDMA Networks (2005)

In WCDMA networks, common pilot channel (CPICH) signals are used by mobile terminals for channel quality estimation, cell selection, and handover. The strength of the CPICH signal determines the coverage area of the cell, impacts the network capacity, and thereby the quality of service, and is therefore a crucial parameter in network planning and optimization. The more power is spent for pilot signals, the better coverage is obtained. On the other hand, a higher value of the pilot power level in a cell means higher pilot pollution in the network and less power available to serve user traffic in the cell. In this paper, we present a model for pilot power optimization that allows us to study the effect of various soft(-er) handover (SHO) probability and coverage degree levels on pilot power consumption and SHO overhead in the network. We report our numerical experiments for a WCDMA network based on a planning scenario for the city of Berlin.
Sivanto®- A Novel Insecticide with a Sustainable Profile (2015)

Sivanto® (common name: flupyradifurone, FPF) is a member of the new class of butenolide insecticides. Inspired by the stemofoline lactone "head group" as pharmacophore pattern and structural features of relevant nAChR agonists, its bioactive scaffold was identified. As partial agonist FPF reversible binds to insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and provides a favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profile. Sivanto® prime is very versatile in terms of application methods, exhibits fast contact and feeding efficacy, particularly useful for efficient virus vector control. The ready-to-use SL-formulation demonstrates excellent adhesion, spreading and penetration properties on leaves with improved translaminar activity and rainfastness. Target markets are primarily fruits and vegetable crops as well as plantation (citrus, coffee, cocoa) and tropical fruits. As it is non-hazardous to honey and bumble-bees as well as to most beneficial insects, Sivanto® prime perfectly fits into IPM systems and will be a sustainable tool to control sucking pests in many agricultural and horticultural settings.
Asymmetrical Dual‐Mode TE 102 /TE 301 Thick Iris Rectangular In‐Line Waveguide Filters with Transmission Zeros (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction TE102/TE301 Filters Synthesis of Low-Pass Asymmetrical Generalized Chebyshev Filters Design Method Design Example Realizations and Measured Performance Conclusions References
Improved selectivity of optical transmission through cascaded waveguide–metal-grating filters (2021)

We analyze the resonant transmission of two near-field coupled, cascaded bandpass filters, based on metallic stripe or patch gratings. The response, in terms of both maximum efficiency and light rejection out of the resonance, overpasses the simple convolution of the responses of two isolated filters, while keeping good angular tolerance. Illustrations are given in the infrared and visible ranges where the technological integration of such compact structures is particularly relevant for detection applications.
Visible light plasmonic heating of Au–ZnO for the catalytic reduction of CO2 (2013)

Plasmonic excitation of Au nanoparticles attached to the surface of ZnO catalysts using low power 532 nm laser illumination leads to significant heating of the catalyst and the conversion of CO2 and H2 reactants to CH4 and CO products. Temperature-calibrated Raman spectra of ZnO phonons show that intensity-dependent plasmonic excitation can controllably heat Au-ZnO from 30 to ~600 °C and simultaneously tune the CH4 : CO product ratio. The laser induced heating and resulting CH4 : CO product distribution agrees well with predictions from thermodynamic models and temperature-programmed reaction experiments indicating that the reaction is a thermally driven process resulting from the plasmonic heating of the Au-ZnO. The apparent quantum yield for CO2 conversion under continuous wave (cw) 532 nm laser illumination is 0.030%. The Au-ZnO catalysts are robust and remain active after repeated laser exposure and cycling. The light intensity required to initiate CO2 reduction is low (~2.5 × 10(5) W m(-2)) and achievable with solar concentrators. Our results illustrate the viability of plasmonic heating approaches for CO2 utilization and other practical thermal catalytic applications.
The Electronic Tabla Controller (2003)

Abstract This paper describes the design of an electronic Tabla controller (ETabla). Tabla are a pair of hand drums traditionally used to accompany North Indian vocal and instrumental music. The ETabla controls both sound and graphics simultaneously. It allows for a variety of traditional Tabla strokes and new performance techniques. Graphical feedback allows for artistic display and has potential pedagogical applications. This paper describes the evolution of the technology of the Tabla from its origins until the present day; the traditional playing style of the Tabla, on which the controller is modeled; the creation of a real-time Tabla controller, using force-sensors; the physical modeling of the sound of the Tabla using banded waveguide synthesis; the creation of a real-time graphics feedback system that reacts to the Tabla controller; experiments on measuring the response time of the ETabla sensors; and the description of the ETabla used in a live performance.
FRaC: FMCW-Based Joint Radar-Communications System Via Index Modulation (2021)

Dual function radar communications (DFRC) systems are attractive technologies for autonomous vehicles, which utilize electromagnetic waves to constantly sense the environment while simultaneously communicating with neighbouring devices. An emerging approach to implementing DFRC systems is to embed information in radar waveforms via index modulation (IM). Implementation of DFRC schemes in vehicular systems gives rise to strict constraints in terms of cost, power efficiency, and hardware complexity. In this paper, we extend IM-based DFRC systems to utilizing sparse arrays and frequency modulated continuous waveforms (FMCWs), which are popular in automotive radar for their simplicity and low hardware complexity. The proposed FMCW-based radar-communications system (FRaC) operates at reduced cost and complexity by transmitting with a reduced number of radio frequency modules, combined with narrowband FMCW signalling. This is achieved via array sparsification in transmission, formulating a virtual multiple-input multiple-output array by combining the signals in one coherent processing interval, in which the narrowband waveforms are transmitted in a randomized manner. Performance analysis and numerical results show that the proposed radar scheme achieves similar resolution performance compared with a wideband radar system operating with a large receive aperture, while requiring less hardware overhead. For the communications subsystem, FRaC achieves higher rates and improved error rates compared to dual-function signalling based on conventional phase modulation.
Wi-Fi Multi-Link Operation: An Experimental Study of Latency and Throughput (2023)

In this article, we investigate the real-world capability of the multi-link operation (MLO) framework -- one of the key MAC-layer features included in the IEEE 802.11be amendment -- by using a large dataset containing 5 GHz spectrum occupancy measurements on multiple channels. Our results show that when both available links are often busy, as is the case in ultra-dense and crowded scenarios, MLO attains the highest throughput gains over single-link operation (SLO) since it is able to leverage multiple intermittent transmission opportunities. As for latency, if the two links exhibit statistically the same level of occupancy, MLO can outperform SLO by one order of magnitude. In contrast, in asymmetrically occupied links, MLO can sometimes be detrimental and even increase latency. We study this somewhat unexpected phenomenon, and find its origins to be packets suboptimally mapped to either link before carrying out the backoff, with the latter likely to be interrupted on the busier link. We cross validate our study with real-time traffic generated by a cloud gaming application and quantify MLO's benefits for latency-sensitive applications.
Natriuretic and kaliuretic activities of guanylin and uroguanylin in the isolated perfused rat kidney (1998)

Guanylin and uroguanylin are novel peptides that activate membrane guanylate cyclases found in the kidney and intestine. We compared the effects of these peptides in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Both peptides are natriuretic and kaliuretic in this preparation. Uroguanylin (0.19-1.9 microM) increased glomerular filtration rate from 0.77 +/- 0.07 to 1.34 +/- 0.3 ml . g-1 . min-1 at the highest concentration. A maximal increase in Na+ excretion was achieved at 0. 66 microM uroguanylin, with a reduction in fractional Na+ reabsorption from 78.7 +/- 1.7 to 58.8 +/- 4.4%. The highest dose of uroguanylin increased kaliuresis by 50%. Osmolar clearance doubled at the highest concentration of uroguanylin tested (P < 0.05). Guanylin also elicited a natriuresis and kaliuresis but appeared to be less potent than uroguanylin. The highest concentration of guanylin (1.3 microM) decreased fractional Na+ reabsorption from 73. 9 +/- 2.4 to 64.5 +/- 4.0%, but lower doses were ineffective. Guanylin stimulated urine K+ excretion at the lowest concentration tested (0.33 microM) without any effect on Na+ excretion. These peptides may influence salt and water homeostasis by biological effects in the kidney that are mediated by the intracellular second messenger, cGMP.
Low complexity transmit processing for multibeam satellite systems with non-linear channels (2016)

Aggressive frequency reuse is being considered for multibeam satellites to achieve higher system capacity using available spectrum. Towards achieving the ideal gains of such a reuse, precoding techniques are being considered to minimize the resulting co-channel interference. Most of the precoding techniques, however, do not explicitly consider the distortions introduced by the high power amplifier (HPA), an integral part of the satellite payload, which is inherently non linear. A power efficient amplification introduces non-linear co-channel distortions at the receiver, including the effects of high peak to average power ratios (PAPR), typical of spectrally efficient modulations. This work provides a novel processing at the Gateway comprising a cascade of linear and non-linear operations (Crest Factor Reduction, and Signal Predistortion) to counter the non-linearities and co-channel interference in multibeam satellite systems. The proposed architecture has a lower number of parameters than existing works, leading to efficient coefficient estimation as well as reduced implementation complexity. These parameters are optimized using the simulated annealing algorithm to enhance the Signal to Interference plus Noise ratio at the receiver and the performance is compared with the state-of-the-art.
Axial claw pole motor: harmonic torque estimation using finite element method (2020)

Purpose This paper aims to propose a method to evaluate the information obtained on harmonics calculations and to estimate the precision of results using finite element method for an innovative motor topology in which some well-known meshing rules are difficult to apply. Design/methodology/approach The same magnetostatic problem is solved with several mesh sizes using both scalar and vector potentials magnetics formulations on a complex topology, an axial claw pole motor (ACPM). The proposed method lies in a comparison between the two weak formulations to determine what information is obtained on harmonics calculations and to estimate its precision. Moreover, an original mesh method is applied in the air gap to improve the numerical results. Findings The precision on harmonics calculations using finite element method on an ACPM is estimated. For the proposed motor and mesh, only the mean value (even with large mesh) and the first harmonic (with fine mesh) of torque are calculated with a good accuracy. This results confirm that the non-respect of the meshing rules have a strong impact on the results and that scalar and vector potentials magnetics formulations do not give exactly the same results. Before using torque harmonics values in vibration calculations, a finite element model has to be validated by using both fomulations. Research limitations/implications This method is time-consuming and only applied on an ACPM in this work. Originality/value The axial claw pole motor, for which the classic meshing rules cannot be applied, is a complex topology very under-studied. To improve the calculation of space harmonics, the authors proposed to split the airgap into four parts. Then in the two central parts, the meshing step of the structured mesh is equal to the rotating step.
Direction of Arrival Estimation in the Spherical Harmonic Domain Using Subspace Pseudointensity Vectors (2016)

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is a fundamental problem in acoustic signal processing. It is used in a diverse range of applications, including spatial filtering, speech dereverberation, source separation and diarization. Intensity vector-based DOA estimation is attractive, especially for spherical sensor arrays, because it is computationally efficient. Two such methods are presented that operate on a spherical harmonic decomposition of a sound field observed using a spherical microphone array. The first uses pseudointensity vectors (PIVs) and works well in acoustic environments where only one sound source is active at any time. The second uses subspace pseudointensity vectors (SSPIVs) and is targeted at environments where multiple simultaneous soures and significant levels of reverberation make the problem more challenging. Analytical models are used to quantify the effects of an interfering source, diffuse noise, and sensor noise on PIVs and SSPIVs. The accuracy of DOA estimation using PIVs and SSPIVs is compared against the state of the art in simulations including realistic reverberation and noise for single and multiple, stationary and moving sources. Finally, robust performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated by using speech recordings in a real acoustic environment.
2′‐Aminomethylbiphenyl‐2‐carbonsäure als Bestandteil eines Cyclopeptids; Struktur im Kristall und Konformation in Lösung (1989)

Gleiche Konformation im Kristall und in Chloroform (NMR‐Daten) hat das biphenylhaltige Cyclopeptid 1 , dessen Biphenyleinheiten S,S ‐konfiguriert sind. Es kann chromatographisch von den bei der Synthese ebenfalls entstehenden Atropisomeren ( R,S ) und ( R,R ) getrennt werden. Die Konformation von 1 wird durch zwei Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen den kurzen Peptidketten stabilisiert. magnified image