gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of CD4-CD8- alpha beta TCR+NK1.1+ T lymphocytes: thymic selection by self antigen (1996)

Development of CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) alpha beta TCR+ cells were examined by cell transfer experiments using an Ly-5 congenic mouse system. Purified DN alpha beta TCR+ thymocytes injected intrathymically emigrated from the thymus to the spleen. The same cells did not return to the thymus when injected i.v. Similarly, peripheral DN alpha beta TCR+ cells from spleen and liver did not go to the thymus when injected i.v. but migrated to the spleen. These results indicate that DN alpha beta TCR+ thymocytes develop within the thymus and emigrate to peripheral organs. It is thus likely that peripheral DN alpha beta TCR+ cells are at least partly of thymic origin. DN alpha beta TCR+ thymocytes are unique in that they express a natural killer cell marker, NK1.1, which is not found on conventional T cells. We further examined the thymic selection of DN alpha beta TCR+NK1.1+ thymocytes by using an anti-HY TCR-transgenic (tg)/Rag-2(-/-) mouse system with H-2 backgrounds that were negative, positive, or nonselecting for conventional T cells. The number of DNtg TCR alpha beta+NK1.1+ cells was m prominent in male H-2b animals in which conventional T cells are deleted by HY/H-2Db recognition. Fewer DNtg TCR alpha beta+NK1.1+ cells were found in H-2b females (positive selecting background), and almost no DNtg TCR alpha beta+NK1.1+ cells were detected in H-2d animals (nonselecting background). Unlike conventional T cells, DNtg TCR alpha beta+NK1.1+ cells from anti-HY/Rag-2(-/-) H-2b mice express Fc(epsilon)RI(gamma) and CD3zeta as DN alpha beta TCR+NK1.1+ cells from normal C57BL/6 mice. Our results indicate that DNtg TCR alpha beta+NK1.1+ cells are positively selected by self Ag/MHC and emigrate to the peripheral organs.
Abstract 171: Cell memory of a genotoxic insult is mediated by methyltransferases (2010)

Abstract Characterization of the direct effects of DNA damaging agents shows how DNA lesions lead to specific mutations. Yet, serum from Hiroshima survivors, Chernobyl liquidators, and radiotherapy patients can induce a clastogenic effect on naive cells, showing indirect induction of genomic instability that persists years after exposure. Such indirect effects are not restricted to ionizing radiation, as a chemical genotoxin induces a heritable and transmissible genomic instability phenotype. While such indirect induction of genomic instability is well described, the underlying mechanism has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells exposed to γ-radiation remember the insult for weeks. Specifically, conditioned media from progeny of exposed cells can induce DNA damage and homologous recombination in naive cells. Notably, cells exposed to conditioned media also elicit a genome destabilizing effect on their neighbours, thus demonstrating transmission of genomic instability. Moreover, we show that the underlying basis for the memory of an insult is completely dependent on two of the major DNA cytosine methyltransferases (MTases), Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a. Targeted disruption of these genes completely eliminates transmission of genomic instability. Furthermore, transient inactivation of Dnmt1, using a tet-suppressible allele, clears the memory of the insult, thus protecting neighbouring cells from indirect induction of genomic instability. We have therefore shown that a single exposure can lead to long-term genome destabilizing effects that spread from cell to cell, and we provide a specific molecular mechanism for these persistent bystander effects. Collectively, our results impact current understanding of risks from toxin exposures and suggest specific mechanisms for suppressing genomic instability in people exposed to carcinogenic genotoxins. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 171.
Exploration of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbons for Use in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (2020)

Increasing redox reaction rates on carbon electrodes is an important step to reducing the cost of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Biomass-derived activated carbons (ACs) hold promise as they may obviate the need for post-synthetic modifications common to conventional materials. While initial efforts have shown that these materials can enhance VRFB performance, the wide selection of potentially inexpensive feedstocks and synthesis routes lead to a collection of electrocatalytic materials with disparate physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties, challenging the development of generalizable design principles. Here, we employ a hydrothermal processing (HTP) technique to produce elementally diverse ACs, varying biomass feedstock composition, and HTP temperature. Specifically, we study ACs derived from chitin, which contain nitrogen and oxygen functionalities, and ACs derived from pine wood, which contain oxygen functionalities. Using Vulcan XC72 as a comparator, we apply spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational techniques, finding electrochemically accessible surface area, rather than the heteroatom composition, to be the more representative performance indicator. Evaluation of the best-performing AC in a VRFB reveals ∼100 mW cm–2 improvement in peak power density when deposited into felt electrodes. The feedstock-processing-property relationships studied in this work represent a systematic approach to advancing biomass-based functional materials for use in energy applications.
Chemistry and Biology of Gluten Proteins (2007)

Gluten is one of the most ubiquitous ingredients in the human diet. The unique physicochemical properties of this biomaterial are the result of its primary structure (rich in Pro and Gln residues), secondary structure (abundance of non-hydrogen bond dependent polyproline II helices), and tertiary and quarternary structures (extensive intra- and intermolecular disulfide linkages). From a biological perspective, although the nutritional characteristics of gluten are well understood, its toxicological effects in certain individuals are only just beginning to be appreciated. Celiac Sprue, a widespread disease, is perhaps the best dissected form of gluten intolerance, where dietary gluten elicits an elaborate immune response that leads to enteropathy in the upper small intestine and a wide range of gastrointestinal as well as extraintestinal symptoms. A growing body of evidence suggests that a combination of proteolytic resistance and high affinity for two human proteins - transglutaminase 2 and HLA-DQ2 (or alternately HLA-DQ8) - renders pro-inflammatory in the Celiac small intestine. Other forms of gluten sensitivity have also been recognized in the clinic and in animal models of disease, although their precise relationship to gluten structure remains to be elucidated. An enhanced understanding of gluten chemistry and toxicology is spawning the emergence of pharmacological approaches to treat gluten sensitivity, as well as sensitive and accurate methods to quantify gluten content in food products.
Peripheral and central levels of kynurenic acid in bipolar disorder subjects and healthy controls (2019)

Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, in particular, the N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KYNA), are increasingly recognized as primary pathophysiological promoters in several psychiatric diseases. Studies analyzing central KYNA levels from subjects with psychotic disorders have reported increased levels. However, sample sizes are limited and in contrast many larger studies examining this compound in blood from psychotic patients commonly report a decrease. A major question is to what extent peripheral KYNA levels reflect brain KYNA levels under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. Here we measured KYNA in plasma from a total of 277 subjects with detailed phenotypic data, including 163 BD subjects and 114 matched healthy controls (HCs), using an HPLC system. Among them, 94 BD subjects and 113 HCs also had CSF KYNA concentrations analyzed. We observe a selective increase of CSF KYNA in BD subjects with previous psychotic episodes although this group did not display altered plasma KYNA levels. In contrast, BD subjects with ongoing depressive symptoms displayed a tendency to decreased plasma KYNA concentrations but unchanged CSF KYNA levels. Sex and age displayed specific effects on KYNA concentrations depending on if measured centrally or in the periphery. These findings implicate brain-specific regulation of KYNA under physiological as well as under pathophysiological conditions and strengthen our previous observation of CSF KYNA as a biomarker in BD. In summary, biomarker and drug discovery studies should include central KYNA measurements for a more reliable estimation of brain KYNA levels.
A Computationally Efficient Method for Simulating Metal-Nanowire Dipole Antennas at Infrared and Longer Visible Wavelengths (2011)

This paper presents a numerically efficient approach for simulating nanowires at infrared and long optical wavelengths. A computationally efficient circuit-equivalent modeling approach based on the electric-field integral-equation (EFIE) formulation is employed to simulate the highly dispersive behavior of nanowires at short wavelengths. The proposed approach can be used both for frequency-domain and for time-domain EFIE formulations. In comparison with widely used full-wave solutions achieved through the finite-difference time-domain method, the circuit-based EFIE formulation results in a sharp reduction of the computational resources while retaining high accuracy.
Correction to Detection and Impact of Carboxylic Acids at the Crude Oil–Water Interface (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Detection and Impact of Carboxylic Acids at the Crude Oil–Water InterfaceSimon Ivar Andersen*, Sharath Chandra Mahavadi, John Chen, Ben Y. Zeng, Fenglou Zou, Mmilili Mapolelo, Wael Abdallah, and Johannes Jan BuitingCite this: Energy Fuels 2017, 31, 8, 8821Publication Date (Web):August 7, 2017Publication History Published online7 August 2017Published inissue 17 August 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02513https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02513correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views461Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (99 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A computer model of dual AV nodal pathways: evidence for electrotonic interactions (2003)

In patients with atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia, there exist two functional conducting pathways: a fast pathway with a larger effective refractory period, and a slow pathway with a shorter refractory period. Elimination of the slow pathway cures patients of their arrhythmia. It has been observed clinically that elimination of the slow pathway results in shortening of the effective refractory period of the fast pathway, the mechanism of which is not known. In a computer model of the AV nodes, the authors successfully tested the hypothesis that concealed conduction in the late-activating slow pathway exerts an electrotonic influence on the fast pathway, such that elimination of the slow pathway results in shortening of fast pathway action potential duration. The model consisted of resistively coupled elements exhibiting ionic current kinetics of calcium-driven action potentials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Labor Migration Between 1564 and 1611 in the Ottoman State and Its Causes (2018)

This study examines the causes of labor migration in the Ottoman State in the years between 1564 and 1611. The goal of this study is to find answers to the following questions: Did labor migration occur during the period in question?What were the causes? What were the outcomes? What are the relevant aspects and fields of study? Muhimme Books Registries of Ottoman Archives documents and secondary sources were used in this study. This study consists of an abstract, introduction, goal, method, studies of archives and literature, findings, evaluation, conclusion, and bibliography. Our findings were that the labor force migrated due to a number of reasons such as the inability to comply with on-site production rules, abandoning the places allocated to them, the insufficiency of agricultural areas, and the disagreements between newcomers and the current residents. In conclusion, it was determined that the labor force migrated due to social, economic, administrative, and legal push-pull effects in different regions of the Ottoman state, but the problems were solved by administrators who created appropriate solutions based on the understanding that it was necessary to rewrite the laws whose functions weakened the situation, such as the law of on-site production.&nbsp;&nbsp;
Foundations for designing and evaluating user interfaces based on the crossing paradigm (2008)

Traditional graphical user interfaces have been designed with the desktop mouse in mind, a device well characterized by Fitts' law. Yet in recent years, hand-held devices and tablet personal computers using a pen (or fingers) as the primary mean of interaction have become more and more popular. These new interaction modalities have pushed the traditional focus on pointing to its limit. In this paper we explore whether a different paradigm—goal crossing-based on pen strokes—may substitute or complement pointing as another fundamental interaction method. First we describe a study in which we establish that goal crossing is dependent on an index of difficulty analogous to Fitts' law, and that in some settings, goal crossing completion time is shorter or comparable to pointing performance under the same index of difficulty. We then demonstrate the expressiveness of the crossing-based interaction paradigm by implementing CrossY, an application which only uses crossing for selecting commands. CrossY demonstrates that crossing-based interactions can be more expressive than the standard point and click approach. We also show how crossing-based interactions encourage the fluid composition of commands. Finally after observing that users' performance could be influenced by the general direction of travel, we report on the results of a study characterizing this effect. These latter results led us to propose a general guideline for dialog box interaction. Together, these results provide the foundation for the design of effective crossing-based interactions.
Characterization of a Primate Blood-Brain Barrier Co-Culture Model Prepared from Primary Brain Endothelial Cells, Pericytes and Astrocytes (2021)

Culture models of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are important research tools. Their role in the preclinical phase of drug development to estimate the permeability for potential neuropharmaceuticals is especially relevant. Since species differences in BBB transport systems exist, primate models are considered as predictive for drug transport to brain in humans. Based on our previous expertise we have developed and characterized a non-human primate co-culture BBB model using primary cultures of monkey brain endothelial cells, rat brain pericytes, and rat astrocytes. Monkey brain endothelial cells in the presence of both pericytes and astrocytes (EPA model) expressed enhanced barrier properties and increased levels of tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1. Co-culture conditions also elevated the expression of key BBB influx and efflux transporters, including glucose transporter-1, MFSD2A, ABCB1, and ABCG2. The correlation between the endothelial permeability coefficients of 10 well known drugs was higher (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.8788) when the monkey and rat BBB culture models were compared than when the monkey culture model was compared to mouse in vivo data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.6619), hinting at transporter differences. The applicability of the new non-human primate model in drug discovery has been proven in several studies.
Exploring Wireless Technology for Off-Chip Memory Access (2016)

The trend of shifting from multi-core to many-core processors is exceeding the data-carrying capacity of the traditional on-chip communication fabric. While the importance of the on-chip communication paradigm cannot be denied, the off-chip memory access latency is fast becoming an important challenge. As more memory intensive applications are developed, off-chip memory access will limit the performance of chip multi-core processors (CMPs). However, with the shrinkage of transistor dimension, the energy consumption and the latency of the traditional metallic interconnects are increasing due to smaller wire widths, longer wire lengths, and complex multi-hop routing requirements. In contrast, emerging wireless technology requires lower energy with single-hop communication, albeit with limited bandwidth (at a 60 GHz center frequency). In this paper, we have proposed several hybrid-wireless architectures to access off-chip memory by exploiting frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and space division multiplexing (SDM) techniques. We explore the design-space of building hybrid-wireless interconnects by considering conservative and aggressive wireless bandwidths and directionality. Our hybrid-wireless architectures require a maximum of two hops and show 10.91% reduction in execution time compared to a baseline metallic architecture. In addition, the proposed hybrid-wireless architectures show on an average 62.07% and 32.52% energy per byte improvement over traditional metallic interconnects for conservative and aggressive off-chip metallic link energy-efficiency respectively. Nevertheless, the proposed hybrid-wireless architectures incur an area overhead due to the higher transceiver area requirement.
ChemInform Abstract: New Architectures for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Portable Automated Plate Straightener (2005)

Welding thin plates and fitting together ship modules, using heavy weights and hoists, causes distortion of the decks. This distortion drives decks out of compliance with specifications for fairness. The Portable Automated Plate Straightener (PAPS) is an application of flexible automation. It is able to straighten the deckplates without operator intervention.
Biological Correlations and Confounding Variables for Quantification of Retinal Ganglion Cells Based on Optical Coherence Tomography using Diversity Outbred Mice (2020)

Abstract Purpose Despite popularity of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucoma studies, it’s unclear how well OCT-derived metrics compare to traditional measures of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) abundance. Here, Diversity Outbred (J:DO) mice are used to directly compare ganglion cell complex (GCC)-thickness measured by OCT to metrics of retinal anatomy measured ex vivo with retinal wholemounts or optic nerve cross sections. Methods J:DO mice ( n = 48) underwent OCT and fundoscopic exams, with GCC-thickness measured using automated segmentation. Following euthanasia, RGC axons were quantified from para-phenylenediamine-stained optic nerve cross sections and RGC somas from BRN3A-immunolabeled retinal wholemounts with total cellularity assessed by TO-PRO or hematoxylin nuclear staining. Results J:DO tissues lacked overt disease. GCC-thickness (62.4 ± 3.7 µm), RGC abundance (3,097 ± 515 BRN3A + nuclei/mm 2 ; 45,533 ± 9,077 axons), and total inner retinal cell abundance (6,952 ± 810 nuclei/mm 2 ) varied broadly. GCC-thickness correlated significantly to RGC somal density (r = 0.46) and axon number (r = 0.49), whereas total inner retinal cellularity did not. Retinal area (20.3 ± 2.4 mm 2 ) and optic nerve (0.09 ± 0.02 mm 2 ) cross-sectional area varied widely. Sex did not significantly influence any of these metrics. In bilateral comparisons, GCC-thickness (r = 0.89), inner retinal cellularity (r = 0.47), and RGC axon abundance (r = 0.72) all correlated significantly. Conclusions Amongst outbred mice with widely variable phenotypes, OCT-derived measurements of GCC thickness correlate significantly to RGC abundance and axon number. The extensive phenotypic variability exhibited by J:DO mice make them a powerful resource for studies of retinal anatomy using quantitative genetics.
Mechanism Underlying Relaxations Caused by Prostaglandins and Thromboxane A2 Analog in Isolated Dog Arteries (1988)

In helical strips of dog cerebral, coronary, mesenteric, and renal arteries treated with ONO3708, an inhibitor of vasoconstricting prostaglandin (PG) receptors, and previously contracted with serotonin, PGF2 alpha, PGD2 and epithio-methano thromboxane A2 (sTxA2), a TxA2 analog, caused a relaxation. The cerebral arterial relaxation was suppressed by treatment with indomethacin and abolished by diphloretin phosphate (DPP), a PG antagonist. On the other hand, the relaxation of mesenteric arteries was not influenced by indomethacin but was markedly attenuated by DPP. Removal of endothelium did not alter the relaxation. Relaxations of coronary and renal arteries by PGF2 alpha were suppressed by indomethacin and DPP, whereas the PGD2-induced relaxation was not affected by indomethacin but was abolished by DPP. Concentration--relaxation curves for PGI2 were shifted to the right by treatment with DPP. It is concluded that after ablation of the constrictor response, dog cerebral arteries relax in response to PGs and TxA2, probably due mainly to the release of PGI2-like substance from the arterial wall and to the action of PGI2 receptive sites, whereas the mesenteric arterial relaxation appears to be associated with their action on PGI2 receptors in smooth muscle cells. PGF2 alpha-induced relaxations in coronary and renal arteries may result from the release of PGI2, and relaxations by PGD2 from the action on PGI2 receptors.