gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Le temps dans la géolocalisation par satellites (2020)

La navigation par satellites a bouleversé notre vie "idienne et professionnelle. Nos économies sont chaque jour plus dépendantes de cette technique révolutionnaire intégrée dans nombre de nouveaux services. Cependant, l'accessibilité et la facilité d'utilisation de cette technologie masquent la grande complexité d'un système qui repose entièrement sur la maîtrise du temps. La multiplicité des temps propres introduits par les théories de la relativité (restreinte et générale) d'Einstein se traduit par de nombreux effets physiques surprenants comme l'effet Sagnac, et plus généralement la désynchronisation des horloges parfaites, qui vont à l'encontre de notre conception intuitive du temps. Ce livre présente un panorama actualisé des traitements algorithmiques utilisés par les systèmes de géolocalisation par satellites pour les usages "idiens. Les auteurs établissent des liens étroits entre les techniques les plus récentes de calcul de positionnement et la compréhension détaillée des phénomènes physiques, principalement relativistes, qui sont à prendre en compte. Les erreurs significatives pouvant affecter la mesure du temps sont présentées en détail, en partant de leurs causes, physiques ou structurelles, tandis que leurs effets sur la précision sont quantifiés. Ce livre s'adresse aux élèves des écoles d'ingénieurs, aux classes universitaires de licence ou de master mais aussi aux professionnels du domaine désireux de vérifier ou d'approfondir leurs connaissances ainsi qu'à toute personne intéressée par la conception relativiste du temps
Long wavelength MSM photodetectors fabricated on InGaNAs (2006)

Recently there has been a great deal of interest in the growth of dilute nitride quaternary alloys, such as InGaNAs, on GaAs substrates for the fabrication of GaAs-based components and optoelectronic integrated circuits. The addition of indium to the binary compound GaAs produces a ternary with a lower bandgap and larger lattice constant. The incorporation of nitrogen in this ternary further decreases the bandgap while reducing the lattice constant. This makes it possible to grow material lattice-matched to a GaAs substrate but with a narrower bandgap offering the possibility of growing materials suitable for opto-electronic devices on a GaAs substrate while operating at wavelengths used in long-distance optical communications. These devices can then be integrated with mature GaAs device technologies (MESFET, HBT) in photoreceivers and receivers/transmitters for improved functionality and reliability, lower cost, reduced size, etc. We have fabricated metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors on 1-&#956;m thick In <sub>.1</sub>Ga<sub>.9</sub>N<sub>.03</sub>As<sub>.97</sub> epilayers, a composition that results in a bandgap in the 1.3 &#956;m region. We report on the DC characteristics, frequency dependence and wavelength dependence of the photoresponse. The results are compared to MSMs fabricated on GaAs. The temporal response is not as fast as that of GaAs MSMs and may be related to low carrier mobility. This shortcoming has been reported as the cause for the lower-than-expected efficiency of solar cells fabricated using this quarternary. The effect of growth conditions and thermal processing on detector characteristics such as bandwidth and dark current were investigated. The challenges associated with the use of InGaNAs in photodetectors (such as defects, response speed, requirement for thermal anneal) will be discussed.
Crosstalk Impact of Periodic-Coupled Routing on Eye Opening of High-Speed Links in PCBs (2015)

Minimizing costs in printed circuit board layouts has led designers to use two signal layers between the reference planes, which introduce broadside coupling. Additionally, due to the fiber weave effect, designers route signal traces in a zig-zag fashion rather than in straight lines. This type of routing tends to be roughly periodic between the victim and the aggressor. The periodic-coupled routing creates periodic resonances in the near-end crosstalk and nulls in insertion loss (THRU) transfer functions as a consequence of Floquet modes. Due to the periodic resonances, the crosstalk is aggravated, which reduces the signal to crosstalk ratio. This study quantifies the effect of crosstalk due to periodic routing. In addition, design guidelines based on the angle of routing, length of period, and signaling speeds are formulated for designers using statistical bit error rate eye analysis.
RETREATMENT OF RECURRENT HEAD AND NECK CANCER AFTER PRIOR DEFINITIVE RADIATION (2014)

Despite treatment intensification for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including altered radiation fractionation and the addition of chemotherapy to radiation, physicians and patients still face the challenge of recurrent or second tumors arising within or in close proximity to previously irradiated tissues. At 5 years after therapy, locoregional recurrences developed in 16%-25% of patients treated with definitive chemoradiation for larynx preservation (1) or with postoperative chemoradiation for high-risk HNSCC (2,3), and in 17%-52% of patients treated with definitive chemoradiation for locally advanced unresectable disease (4,5). Locally recurrent tumors may arise from residual neoplastic cells that survive initial treatment, perhaps because of biological parameters and tumor molecular profiles (6) associated with radiosensitivity (7). Insufficiencies in initial radiation treatment parameters, such as radiation dose, volume, fractionation, and treatment duration, were noted in a high percentage of patients enrolled on a small phase I trial of reirradiation (8) and are other potential sources of recurrence. Second cancers may arise from underlying field cancerization (9) as a radiation-induced malignancy or as a de novo process. A second HNSCC arising in the vicinity of the prior tumor may be indistinguishable from a local recurrence of the primary tumor (10). Approximately 15% of patients have developed a second primary cancer within 5 years of radiation alone for HNSCC, and approximately one-quarter of these are in the head and neck (11). Rationale for Retreatment Because locoregional tumor progression is the predominant cause of death in patients with head and neck cancer (12), achieving local control in patients with recurrent disease may impact survival. Indeed, results of a randomized trial in patients with recurrent HNSCC undergoing macroscopic complete salvage surgery found improved local control and disease-free survival in those receiving postoperative reirradiation with chemotherapy compared to observation (13). In that trial, retrospective analysis of a single institution experience found improved overall survival when local tumor control was achieved in patients reirradiated for recurrent head and neck cancer (14). In patients with recurrent or second primary tumors of the head and neck, local tumor growth is a potential source of great morbidity to include pain, disfigurement, bleeding, infection, and alteration of speech and swallowing. In a report of 150 patients reirradiated for head and neck cancer using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with or without cetuximab, patient-reported quality of life, after an initial 1-month decline following reirradiation, noted progressive improvements in swallowing, speech, saliva, activity, and recreation, underlining the importance of local tumor control on patient quality of life (15).
Relationship between grades of macular perfusion and foveal thickness in branch retinal vein occlusion (2012)

The areas of partial but not complete capillary loss seem to be responsible for the macular edema associated with BRVO. Treatments targeting leakage from the dilated capillaries in the PPA should be investigated.
Emerging Opportunities To Manipulate Metal Trafficking for Therapeutic Benefit (2019)

The indispensable requirement for metals in life processes has led to the evolution of sophisticated mechanisms that allow organisms to maintain dynamic equilibria of these ions. This dynamic control of the level, speciation, and availability of a variety of metal ions allows organisms to sustain biological processes while avoiding toxicity. When functioning properly, these mechanisms allow cells to return to their metal homeostatic set points following shifts in the metal availability or other stressors. These periods of transition, when cells are in a state of flux in which they work to regain homeostasis, present windows of opportunity to pharmacologically manipulate targets associated with metal-trafficking pathways in ways that could either facilitate a return to homeostasis and the recovery of cellular function or further push cells outside of homeostasis and into cellular distress. The purpose of this Viewpoint is to highlight emerging opportunities for chemists and chemical biologists to develop compounds to manipulate metal-trafficking processes for therapeutic benefit.
Action Video Games playing improves learning to learn in perceptual learning (2012)

Playing action video game can substantially improve visual performance. Here we consider the mechanisms that support such improvements. Using the equivalent external noise technique (Lu & Dosher, 1998), we found improved thresholds across a wide range of external noise levels (downward shifts of TvC curves) in Action Video-Game Players (VGPs) as compared to Non-Action Video-Game Players (NVGPs). Both the perceptual template model and a probabilistic neural model (Bejjanki et al, 2011) explain the improved TvC functions in terms of better task-relevant perceptual templates utilized by the VGP group. How does action video game experience improve the quality of the perceptual templates? One possibility is that action video game experience increases general visual sensitivity. If that is the case, the VGP advantage would be present on the very first trial of any visual task, and would not require any training with the task. Another possibility is that action video game experience may result in an increased ability to learn task-relevant statistics. This "learning to learn" view predicts reasonably equivalent performance between groups early on in training of a new visual task, with the VGP advantage appearing and then increasing through experience with the task. To test these hypotheses, VGPs and NVGPs performed a peripheral Gabor orientation identification task in high Gaussian noise. Each subject completed 8 blocks in an initial training phase and then 8 additional blocks in a transfer phase (where both the reference angle and location of the Gabor were changed from the training phase). As predicted by the "learning to learn" account, VGP and NVGP performance was comparable before training.However, as the training proceeded, VGP improved their performance much faster than NVGP, suggesting more efficient learning. Together, these results suggest that action video game play results in enhanced performance by fostering "learning to learn". Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
Factors of patellar instability: An anatomic radiographic study (1994)

We analyzed the radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans of 143 knees operated on for symptomatic patellar instability and 67 contralateral asymptomatic knees, together with 190 control knee radiographs and 27 control knee scans, to determine the factors affecting patellar instability. Four factors were relevant in knees with symptomatic patellar instability: (1) Trochlear dysplasia (85%), as defined by the crossing sign (96%) and quantitatively expressed by the trochlear bump, pathological above 3 mm or more (66%), and the trochlear depth, pathologic at 4 mm or less. (2) Quadriceps dysplasia (83%), defined a present when the patellar tilt in extension is more than 20% on the CT scans. (3) Patella alta (Caton-Deschamps) index greater than or equal to 1.2 (24%). (4) Tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove, pathological when greater than or equal to 20 mm (56%). The factors appeared in only 3%-6.5% of the control knees. The etiology of patellar instability is multifactorial. Determination of the factors permits an effective elective therapeutic plan which aims at correcting the anomalies present.
Fission yeast arrestin-related trafficking adaptor, Arn1/Any1, is ubiquitinated by Pub1 E3 ligase and regulates endocytosis of Cat1 amino acid transporter (2014)

The Tsc1-Tsc2 complex homologous to human tuberous sclerosis complex proteins governs amino acid uptake by regulating the expression and intracellular distribution of amino acid transporters in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here, we performed a genetic screening for molecules that are involved in amino acid uptake and found Arn1 (also known as Any1). Arn1 is homologous to ART1, an arrestin-related trafficking adaptor (ART) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and contains a conserved arrestin motif, a ubiquitination site, and two PY motifs. Overexpression of arn1(+) confers canavanine resistance on cells, whereas its disruption causes hypersensitivity to canavanine. We also show that Arn1 regulates endocytosis of the Cat1 amino acid transporter. Furthermore, deletion of arn1(+) suppresses a defect of amino acid uptake and the aberrant Cat1 localization in tsc2Δ. Arn1 interacts with and is ubiquitinated by the Pub1 ubiquitin ligase, which is necessary to regulate Cat1 endocytosis. Cat1 undergoes ubiquitinations on lysine residues within the N-terminus, which are mediated, in part, by Arn1 to determine Cat1 localization. Correctively, Arn1 is an ART in S. pombe and contributes to amino acid uptake through regulating Cat1 endocytosis in which Tsc2 is involved.
Measurement of ion concentration in the solution without reference electrodes using a terahertz chemical microscopy (2019)

In recent years, early diagnosis is important to improve quality of our life. To realize the early diagnosis, measurement of ions in bloods with small volumes is one of an excellent option. In our group, a terahertz chemical microscopy (TCM) has been developed to measure ions in the small volume of solutions (1,2). TCM measures the electric potential change of ion selective membranes on a sensing plate. Generally, this kind of ion measurement method using the ion selective membranes requires a reference electrode inserted in the sample solutions, which limit the minimum volume of the sample solutions.
Engineered colorectal cancer tissue recapitulates key attributes of a patient-derived xenograft tumor line (2022)

The development of physiologically relevant<i>in vitro</i>colorectal cancer (CRC) models is vital for advancing understanding of tumor biology. Although CRC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) recapitulate key patient tumor characteristics and demonstrate high concordance with clinical outcomes, the use of this<i>in vivo</i>model is costly and low-throughput. Here we report the establishment and in-depth characterization of an<i>in vitro</i>tissue-engineered CRC model using PDX cells. To form the 3D engineered CRC-PDX (3D-eCRC-PDX) tissues, CRC PDX tumors were expanded<i>in vivo</i>, dissociated, and the isolated cells encapsulated within PEG-fibrinogen hydrogels. Following PEG-fibrinogen encapsulation, cells remain viable and proliferate within 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues. Tumor cell subpopulations, including human cancer and mouse stromal cells, are maintained in long-term culture (29 days); cellular subpopulations increase ratiometrically over time. The 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues mimic the mechanical stiffness of originating tumors. Extracellular matrix protein production by cells in the 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues resulted in approximately 57% of proteins observed in the CRC-PDX tumors also being present in the 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues on day 22. Furthermore, we show congruence in enriched gene ontology molecular functions and Hallmark gene sets in 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues and CRC-PDX tumors compared to normal colon tissue, while prognostic Kaplan-Meier plots for overall and relapse free survival did not reveal significant differences between CRC-PDX tumors and 3D-eCRC-PDX tissues. Our results demonstrate high batch-to-batch consistency and strong correlation between our<i>in vitro</i>tissue-engineered PDX-CRC model and the originating<i>in vivo</i>PDX tumors, providing a foundation for future studies of disease progression and tumorigenic mechanisms.
Use of Cartilage Derived From Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Drug Screening (2014)

This work demonstrates the utility of iPSCs for studying cartilage pathology and provides a platform for identifying novel, patient-specific therapeutic agents that prevent cartilage degradation and modify the course of OA development.
Doubled Full Shot Noise in Quantum Coherent Superconductor-Semiconductor Junctions (2003)

We performed low temperature shot noise measurements in superconductor (TiN) strongly disordered normal metal (heavily doped Si) weakly transparent junctions. We show that the conductance has a maximum due to coherent multiple Andreev reflections at low energy and that the shot noise is then twice the Poisson noise (S = 4eI). When the subgap conductance reaches its minimum at finite voltage the shot noise changes to the normal value (S = 2eI) due to a large quasiparticle contribution.
Graph-Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Computational Complexity Reduction on a Multicore Heterogeneous Architecture (2016)

This article deals with the computational complexity issue of graphbased simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). SLAM allows a robot that is navigating in an unknown environment to build a map of this environment while simultaneously determining the robot pose on this map. Graph-based SLAM is a smoothing method that uses a graph to represent and solve the SLAM problem. We first propose a graph construction that takes advantage of the incremental and sparse characteristics of graph-based SLAM. This incremental construction is exploited to perform several algorithmic optimizations. Second, we present a study of using a heterogeneous architecture to implement the graph-based SLAM algorithm. Indeed, the emergence of recent heterogeneous embedded architectures should lead to a great advance in the design of embedded systems-based robotics applications. As a result of this study, an algorithm-architecture mapping is proposed for a central processing unit-graphics processing unit (CPU-GPU)-based architecture. The study also investigates how this kind of architecture can speed up graph-based SLAM by offloading some critical compute-intensive tasks of the algorithm on the GPU. Some common data sets are used to compare our implementations to the state of the art.
Reducción del módulo de compresibilidad a altas presiones en CrN (2009)

Existe un constante incremento de recubrimientos de nitruros en la industria de herramientas de corte debido a su dureza, estabilidad termica y resistencia a la corrosion. Estas propiedades derivan de sus fuertes ligaduras covalentes; la comprension de estas ligaduras es un requisito para el diseno de materiales super-duros con propiedades mejoradas. Aqui reportamos un transicion inducida por presion de la fase cubica a ortorrombica a aprox. 1 GPa en CrN. Tanto resultados de rayos X a alta presion como calculos de primeros principios muestran una reduccion inesperada del modulo de compresibilidad, Ko, de alrededor de 25% en la fase de mayor presion (menor volumen). Nuestra aproximacion teorica-experimental muestra que este efecto es el resutlado de una gran magnetostriccion de intercambio debida a efectos de los aproximacion de los electrones de los orbitales localizados del Cr: t2g al intervenir como orbitales moleculares in la ligadura Cr-Cr. El ablandamiento del CrN bajo presion se manifiesta en una fuerte competencia entre diferentes tipos de ligaduras quimicas que se encuentran en el cambio de caracter en la transicion electronica de estados localizados a estados de ligaduras moleculares.
Temperature Dependence of Aliovalent-Vanadium Doping in LiFePO4 Cathodes (2013)

Vanadium-doped olivine LiFePO4 cathode materials have been synthesized by a low-temperature microwave-assisted solvothermal (MW-ST) method at ≤300 °C. The samples have been extensively characterized by neutron/X-ray powder diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, electron microscopy, and electrochemical techniques. The compositions of the as-synthesized materials were found to be LiFe1–3x/2Vx□x/2PO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) with the presence of a small number of lithium vacancies (□) charge-compensated by V4+, not Fe3+, leading to an average oxidation state of ∼3.2+ for vanadium. The vacancies on the Fe site likely provide an additional conduction pathway for Li+ ions to transfer between neighboring 1D conduction channels along the crystallographic b axis. Heating the pristine 15% V-doped sample in inert or reducing atmospheres led to a loss of vanadium from the olivine lattice with the concomitant formation of a Li3V2(PO4)3 impurity phase; after phase segregation, a partially V-doped olivine phase remained. For comparison, V-doped samples were also synthesized by conventional ball milling and heating, but only ∼10% V could be accommodated in the olivine lattice in agreement with previous studies. The higher degree of doping realized with the MW-ST samples demonstrates the temperature dependence of the aliovalent-vanadium doping in LiFePO4.
Characterization of Lignin before and after Exposure to the Gastrointestinal Tract of Ruminants (2016)

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural composition of lignin (LIPE®) extracted from Eucalyptus grandis, before and after exposure to the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. For this study lignin was isolated, purified and characterized using 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, nitrobenzene oxidation, functional groups analysis and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy. To have a better understanding of lignin morphology and of its ultra structure, electron microscopy in wood cell wall was utilized. The lignin fecal samples showed similar 1H NMR spectrums and nitrobenzene oxidation products compared with LIPE®. The result of the microanalysis of LIPE® was similar to data shown in the literature. The ultra structure of lignin was similar to that of Bamboo (hard wood). The lignin isolated from feces of sheep was identical to the original LIPE®, which means that this product can be used as an external marker in protein digestibility in sheep.
Multiuser undersea acoustic communications in the presence of multipath propagation (2002)

Multipath propagation in underwater acoustic communications causes distortion to high-rate digital signals, but at the same time it provides diversity. Signals propagating from different locations to the same receiver undergo different channel effects, which provides a degree of separability. We exploit this fact the design of a multiuser communication system. Our goal is to isolate the signal of the desired user in the presence of multiuser interference without the use of typical direct sequence code-division multiple-access methods. Instead of assigning different spreading codes to the users, the available bandwidth expansion is used for channel coding. The same code is used by every source. Powerful coding, coupled with broadband array processing is shown to provide sufficient separability for a small number of sources. The intended application is an underwater network of several sources such as AUVs. Experimental results obtained with four sources moving at speeds up to 2 m/s in shallow water show excellent receiver performance at per-source information rate of 1400 bps within a bandwidth of 5 kHz. A 1/7 rate concatenated code is employed, together with a four-element receiver array and soft-decision decoding based on multichannel decision-feedback equalization.