gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement Series for Validation of Critical Point Model in 600 Scanning Micro Mirrors Affected by Three-Wave Down-Conversion (2019)

Sensors and actuators based on resonant micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), such as scanning micro mirrors, are well-established in automotive and consumer products. As the areas of application broaden towards highly automated driving and augmented reality, the performance requirements for the MEMS are also increasing. In particular, nonlinear system behavior is often found to cause unexpected performance issues. Thus, accurate system models which account for nonlinear sensor dynamics can not only increase process yield, but more importantly, lead to a comprehensive understanding of the underlying physics and consequently to improved MEMS design. In a recent work (1, see comments below), we have studied the possibility of a rather drastic device failure induced by nonlinearities on the example of a resonant scanning MEMS micro mirror. On the level of a few selected chips, we have carefully measured the complex nonlinear system behavior and modeled it by a mode-coupling phenomenon known as spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The most intriguing feature of SPDC is the sudden change from a rather linear to a highly nonlinear system behavior at the critical oscillation amplitude of the mirror. However, the threshold only lies within the range of the mirrors operational amplitude, if certain frequency resonance conditions regarding the modes of the mechanical structure are met. As a direct consequence, the critical amplitude strongly depends on the frequency spectrum of the MEMS design which in turn is largely influenced by fabrication imperfections. In this work, we validate the dependence of the critical amplitude on the resonance condition by measuring it for over 600 micro mirrors on wafer-level. Our work does not only validate the theory of SPDC with measurements on such a large scale, but also demonstrates modeling strategies which are essential for MEMS product design.
Throughput Analyses Based on Practical Upper Bound for Adaptive Modulation and Coding in OFDM MIMO Multiplexing (2015)

This paper proposes a practical throughput upper bound that considers physical layer techniques using adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing. The proposed upper bound is computed from the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that provides the maximum throughput considering the required block error rate (BLER) at the respective received signal-to-noise power ratios as a constraint. Then, based on the practical throughput upper bound, we present the causes of impairment for selecting the best MCS based on the computed mutual information for OFDM MIMO multiplexing. More specifically, through the evaluations, we investigate the effect of MCS selection error on an increasing maximum Doppler frequency due to the round trip delay time and the effect of channel estimation error of maximum likelihood detection associated with reference signal based channel estimation.
Factors for progression and glaucoma treatment: The Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (2004)

EMGT treatment reduced progression risk in half, demonstrating the value of IOP lowering in early glaucoma. Age and indicators of disease severity also predicted progression.
Chondroid syringoma:report of two cases (2005)

Chondroid syringoma or so-called mixed tumor of the skin is a rare benign tumor. Two cases of chondroid syringoma from the right cheek and the external auditory canal are presented. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of this section showed histology corresponding to a chondroid syringoma. The clinical presentation, histology and treatment, and a review of the relevant literature, are discussed.
Detection by Immune Electron Microscopy of 26- to 27-nm Viruslike Particles Associated with Two Family Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis (1977)

Viruslike particles 26-27 nm in size were detected by immune electron microscopy in stools of volunteers who were ill after administration of bacteria-free fecal filtrates derived from two separate family outbreaks of acute epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Fluorocarbon treatment and concentration of the filtrates were necessary to provide enough antigen to test sera by immune electron microscopy. Serum antibody responses were detected in both naturally occurring and experimentally induced cases of illness. The Montgomery County viruslike particle appeared to be related to the previously described Norwalk particle, whereas the Hawaii particle appeared to be unrelated to the Norwalk particle.
Performance comparison of 2D and 3D FPGAs using true-3D CAD tool (2011)

3-dimensional (3D) integration is imperative for the future of semiconductor devices. The 3D field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is one of the killer applications in this field because large-scale FPGA requires numerous wire segments that conventional 2D integration cannot deal with. We have developed a true-3D computer-aided design (CAD) tool for the 3D FPGA and have quantitatively compared its performance against that of a 2D FPGA. Experimental results indicate that the 3D FPGA is superior to 2D FPGA in terms of both smaller critical path delay and smaller area.
Management and Control of Intelligent Optical Networks (2011)

In this chapter we first present a brief overview of the technologies that have enabled the spectacular growth in optical networking. Next, we discuss various emerging architectures for heterogeneous optical networks. The remainder of this chapter presents details on the management and control of optical networks.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
A methodology for creating and adapting reactive systems (2002)

A methodology is presented for building integrated planning-reacting systems. The work is based on a formal process-based approach to building the reactive component; this makes it possible to formalize the concept of a planner improving a reactor. The planner design emphasizes how the planner can use the reactor to focus its reasoning, as well as how the reactor is guided by the planner to improve its behavior. The reactive component (the reactor) is based on a process-based model of robot computation, the RS model. This gives a powerful representation for actions with precise formal semantics. The duty of the planning component (the planner) is to adapt the reactor to suit a set of objectives and the possibilities afforded by the environment. Planner and reactor both operate continually, separately and in a complementary fashion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Performance of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC (2014)

ALICE is the heavy-ion experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The experiment continuously took data during the first physics campaign of the machine from fall 2009 until early 2013, using proton and lead-ion beams. In this paper we describe the running environment and the data handling procedures, and discuss the performance of the ALICE detectors and analysis methods for various physics observables.
Impact ofMetarhizium brunneum(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) on pre-imaginalRhagoletis indifferens(Diptera: Tephritidae) within and on the surface of orchard soil (2011)

Abstract When last instar laboratory-reared Rhagoletis indifferens were allowed to pupate within non-sterile orchard soil containing incorporated Metarhizium brunneum isolate F52 conidia, a dose-related proportion died from developmental abnormalities and mycosis. When larvae entered soil superficially treated with M. brunneum, over 80% of the pupae died of developmental abnormalities. Keywords: Metarhizium brunneum Rhagoletis indifferens Tephritidaecherry fruit flymycosisentomopathogenic fungi Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the help of P. Randall and B. Rozema (AAFC, Summerland, BC). This research was funded by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Bacteriorhodopsin precursor. Characterization and its integration into the purple membrane. (1984)

Halobacterium halobium spheroplasts synthesize and accumulate a bacteriorhodopsin precursor. By labeling of the precursor with [35S]Met and [3H]Leu followed by Edman degradation, we have confirmed the previous conclusion from the DNA sequencing that the precursor contains 13 additional amino acids at the NH2 terminus of bacteriorhodopsin. Although not processed in the spheroplasts, it integrates into the purple membrane in the correctly folded conformation. This was shown by the mode of cleavage by a number of proteolytic enzymes, the site of attachment of retinal, and the formation of oligomers on reaction with bifunctional cross-linking reagents. In all these respects, the behavior of the precursor was identical with that of native mature bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane. Finally, the precursor was not processed to bacteriorhodopsin even when the spheroplasts were subsequently allowed to revert to rod-shaped cells. This suggests that either the processing of the precursor is cotranslational or that the NH2 terminus of the precursor becomes inaccessible to the processing enzyme in the spheroplasts following integration into the membrane.
Analysis and Overview of Message Queueing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) as Applied to Forest Products Applications (2021)

As the evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) pushes more devices to become intelligent, infrastructure within facilities must keep pace with the overall burden on the system. As the number of intelligent nodes within systems continues to increase, methods are needed in order to preserve network bandwidth and to provide reliable data sources for various control and reporting strategies. This paper serves as an overview of Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and its applicability to process industries.
Quench Behavior of YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7}$ Coated Conductor With AC Transport Current (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Alternating current (ac) loss and quench behavior measurements were performed on a YBa<emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$_{2}$</tex> </formula></emphasis>Cu<emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$_{3}$</tex> </formula></emphasis>O<emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$_{x}$</tex> </formula></emphasis> coated conductor at 45 K. The minimum quench energies (MQEs) and the quench propagation velocities were measured as a function of transport current and frequency. AC losses were measured at the corresponding temperature and frequencies to quantify the internal thermal load during ac quench measurements. It was found that the direct current (dc) and ac quench behavior are similar, but that the MQE for dc experiments is higher than the corresponding ac cases. This difference is not seen in the normal zone propagation velocity data, indicating that the difference in MQE is minimal if the ac losses are included in the energy calculation. The ac experiments show that the MQE and propagation velocity varies weakly with frequency. </para>
A Trypanosoma brucei Kinesin Heavy Chain Promotes Parasite Growth by Triggering Host Arginase Activity (2013)

A kinesin heavy chain released by T. brucei induces IL-10 and arginase-1 through SIGN-R1 signaling in myeloid cells, which promotes early trypanosome growth and favors parasite settlement in the host. Moreover, in the late stage of infection, the inhibition of NO synthesis by TbKHC1 contributes to liver pathogenicity.
A Study of External Skeletal Fixation Systems for Unstable Pelvic Fractures (1984)

This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of constructing an anterior pelvic external fixator capable of resisting displacement of vertical shear fractures. Newly designed tapered thread pins for cancellous bone had better bone pin fixation and their greater 6-mm diameter provided more than twice the stiffness of Hoffmann 4-mm pins when tested in clusters. Using these pins and a more rigid anterior frame as one model, various pelvic fixators were tested to determine their resistance to vertical shear forces. These tests determined that this new fixator was 16 times stiffer than a Bonnel single anterior frame and five times stiffer than a double anterior frame (both constructed of Hoffmann components). Extrapolation from the data shows that 13 mm of posterior fracture displacement would occur with loads of one half body weight using the new fixator. Additionally it was noted that Hoffmann frames constructed with two 5-mm pins performed as well as those using three 4-mm pins.
Use of DNA Probes and HEp-2 Cell Adherence Assay to Detect Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (1988)

Journal Article Use of DNA Probes and HEp-2 Cell Adherence Assay to Detect Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Get access Myron M. Levine, Myron M. Levine Please address requests for reprints to Dr. M. M. Levine, Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Valeria Prado, Valeria Prado Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roy Robins-Browne, Roy Robins-Browne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hermy Lior, Hermy Lior Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James B. Kaper, James B. Kaper Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steve L. Moseley, Steve L. Moseley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karen Gicquelais, Karen Gicquelais Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James P. Nataro, James P. Nataro Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pablo Vial, Pablo Vial Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ben Tall Ben Tall Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 158, Issue 1, July 1988, Pages 224–228, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/158.1.224 Published: 01 July 1988 Article history Received: 26 October 1987 Revision received: 26 January 1988 Published: 01 July 1988
Improved detectability of hypoechoic regions with short-lag spatial coherence imaging: experimental validation (2011)

The ability of an ultrasound system to differentiate signals in the presence of clutter is of key clinical importance. There are several sources of clutter but assessing their relative importance and developing methods of reducing them remain areas of active research. We have developed a novel method called short-lag-spatial-coherence (SLSC) imaging that allows formation of high quality ultrasound images in the presence of clutter. The method is based on the van-Cittert- Zernike theorem. Specifically, the images are formed by utilizing the spatial coherence of the pressure field at the surface of the transducer. We compare matched SLSC and B-mode images beamformed from simulated data and data acquired on human liver in vivo. SLSC images have higher contrast and CNR then their B-mode counterparts for all acoustic-noise conditions (low, medium, and high noise). Nevertheless, SLSC brings highest improvement of target detectability in the medium noise environment. When the received signal is saturated with noise, both Bmode and SLSC produce low-quality images.
Model-based feedforward position control of constant curvature continuum robots using feedback linearization (2015)

Fast and exact motions of continuum robots are hardly seen so far. Partly this is caused by physical constraints, e.g. small available actuation forces. Another reason is the dynamic coupling between the actuators that cannot be neglected during fast motions. Therefore, a model-based MIMO controller in actuator space was developed, that is based on a spatial dynamic model with one mass point per section. Using feedback linearization, the actuators can be decoupled and feedforward control in combination with linear controllers can be applied. Measurements of an example manipulator show the good tracking result of pure feedforward action with feedback linearization. Adding a linear PD-controller increases the robustness against disturbances without reducing the possibility of fast motions.
Steam-age preconditioning and NiPd finished IC packages (2002)

Removal of lead (Pb) from finished integrated circuit (IC) packages is an ongoing effort by many manufacturers. To this end, the semiconductor industry is converting to nickel/palladium (NiPd) finished leadframes for assembly of ICs. This technology eliminates Pb from the IC package. Historically, users of IC components have used steam-aging to simulate accelerated aging of devices, to accentuate lead finish defects, and to provide a "guard band" of performance for leadframe and IC device inspection. Steam-age preconditioning of IC leads is well established for solderability testing of tin/lead (SnPb) finished leads. In this study, the solderability of NiPd plated leads after steam-aging is compared to that after shelf storage. This study was carried out to determine the relevance of steam-age preconditioning for NiPd finished leads.
Kinetic Studies on the Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Fluoronitrobenzene Derivatives with Polyvinylamine in Water Mediated by 2,6-O-Dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (2005)

Nucleophilic substitution of fluoronitroaromatics with polyvinylamine (PVAm) is a suitable method for producing various nitrophenyl-functionalized PVAm's. This functionalization reaction of PVAm has been studied in detail using kinetic measurements, and the degree of functionalization has been determined using model compounds as the reference system. 2-Fluoronitrobenzene (2-FNB), 4-fluoronitrobenzene (4-FNB), 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Sanger's reagent), and 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB) have been used as functionalization reagents. The solubility of the reagents in water was mediated by complexation with 2,6-O-β-dimethylcyclodextrin (β-DMCD). UV/vis spectroscopic measurements have been used to determine the degree of functionalization, rate constants, and activation energies of the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Correlation of structure and reactivity is discussed. On increasing the number of electron-withdrawing groups, the activation energies decrease. Ortho-nitro-substituted reagents require lower activation entropy than the related para-substituted reagents.
Fabrication of Gold Nanosphere Oligomers for Surface-Enhanced Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (2017)

Surface-enhanced femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SE-FSRS) is a technique that has the potential to study the ultrafast dynamics of surface adsorbates with simultaneously high temporal and spectral resolutions. One of the greatest impediments to the further development of SE-FSRS is the lack of high-quality plasmonic substrates that permit excitation and prove wavelength agility as well as flexible selection of the adsorbate molecule. Herein, we present a simple aggregation/stabilization procedure for the formation of gold nanosphere oligomers with tunable plasmonic properties and flexible choice of adsorbate that are ideal for SE-FSRS and other coherent Raman spectroscopies.
Experimental Investigation of a Direct-Drive Hall Thruster and Solar Array System at Power Levels up to 10 kW (2012)

As NASA considers future exploration missions, high-power solar-electric propulsion (SEP) plays a prominent role in achieving many mission goals. Studies of high-power SEP systems (i.e. tens to hundreds of kilowatts) suggest that significant mass savings may be realized by implementing a direct-drive power system, so NASA recently established the National Direct-Drive Testbed to examine technical issues identified by previous investigations. The testbed includes a 12-kW solar array and power control station designed to power single and multiple Hall thrusters over a wide range of voltages and currents. In this paper, single Hall thruster operation directly from solar array output at discharge voltages of 200 to 450 V and discharge powers of 1 to 10 kW is reported. Hall thruster control and operation is shown to be simple and no different than for operation on conventional power supplies. Thruster and power system electrical oscillations were investigated over a large range of operating conditions and with different filter capacitances. Thruster oscillations were the same as for conventional power supplies, did not adversely affect solar array operation, and were independent of filter capacitance from 8 to 80 ?F. Solar array current and voltage oscillations were very small compared to their mean values and showed a modest dependence on capacitor size. No instabilities or anomalous behavior were observed in the thruster or power system at any operating condition investigated, including near and at the array peak power point. Thruster startup using the anode propellant flow as the power 'switch' was shown to be simple and reliable with system transients mitigated by the proper selection of filter capacitance size. Shutdown via cutoff of propellant flow was also demonstrated. A simple electrical circuit model was developed and is shown to have good agreement with the experimental data.
Infinitesimal and local rigidity of mappings of CR manifolds (2017)

A holomorphic mapping $H$ between two real-analytic CR manifolds $M$ and $M'$ is said to be locally rigid if any other holomorphic map $F\colon M \to M'$ which is close enough to $H$ is obtained by composing $H$ with suitable automorphisms of $M$ and $M'$. With the aim of reducing the local rigidity problem to a linear one, we provide sufficient infinitesimal conditions. Furthermore we study some topological properties of the action of the automorphism group on the space of nondegenerate mappings from $M$ to $M'$.
Energy-efficient packet transmission over a wireless link (2002)

The paper considers the problem of minimizing the energy used to transmit packets over a wireless link via lazy schedules that judiciously vary packet transmission times. The problem is motivated by the following observation. With many channel coding schemes, the energy required to transmit a packet can be significantly reduced by lowering transmission power and code rate and therefore transmitting the packet over a longer period of time. However, information is often time-critical or delay-sensitive and transmission times cannot be made arbitrarily long. We therefore consider packet transmission schedules that minimize energy subject to a deadline or a delay constraint. Specifically, we obtain an optimal offline schedule for a node operating under a deadline constraint. An inspection of the form of this schedule naturally leads us to an online schedule which is shown, through simulations, to perform closely to the optimal offline schedule. Taking the deadline to infinity, we provide an exact probabilistic analysis of our offline scheduling algorithm. The results of this analysis enable us to devise a lazy online algorithm that varies transmission times according to backlog. We show that this lazy schedule is significantly more energy-efficient compared to a deterministic (fixed transmission time) schedule that guarantees queue stability for the same range of arrival rates.
Cannabinoids induce latent sensitization in a preclinical model of medication overuse headache (2019)

Cannabinoid receptor agonists including Δ-9-THC produce a state of latent sensitization characterized by increased sensitivity to stress, a presumed migraine trigger. Overuse of cannabinoids including cannabis may increase the risk of medication overuse headache in vulnerable individuals.