gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micromachining by laser ablation of liquid: superheated liquid and phase explosion (2000)

Transparent materials such as quartz, calcium fluoride and fluoropolymer, are difficult to fabricate by conventional laser processing. We fabricated them successfully with a micro-size by laser ablation of liquid layer attached on the backside of the target. The threshold fluence for etching depends on absorption coefficient of liquid, and thermal properties of target materials. In the further study, we observed the dependency of the etch rate on etch size. The results suggest that the thermal energy diffuses more efficiently when the irradiation area is too small. However, when increase the etch depth to high aspect ratio, in the strong laser fluence, the etch rate becomes faster than that with large irradiation area and low aspect ratio. We discussed that the mechanism is due to the combination of two processes in the interface of a target material and a liquid: one is a heating process by the superheated liquid and the other is an attacking process by high temperature and pressure. We suggested that the temperature of the superheated liquid can exceed the thermodynamic critical temperature Tc upon irradiation at a high laser fluence, and the liquid corresponded to 'transient supercritical fluid'. The generation of super-heated liquid is based on a enormous heat release form organic molecule by a cyclic multiphoton absorption mechanism.
[The presence of apoptotic neutrophils in contents of neck lateral cysts]. (2010)

During the 2001-2003 time period 17 patients with neck lateral cysts were subjected to surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology, Regional Hospital in Tarnów. Collected cysts contents were analyzed with respect to bacterial infection and neutrophil presence as a measure of ongoing local inflammation. All samples were shown being sterile and half of them contained large numbers of neutrophils in advanced apoptosis. The apparent lack of efficient clearance of apoptotic neutrophils may lead to maintenance of the local inflammatory reaction in the neck cysts.
Rapid Heteromerization and Phosphorylation of Ligand-activated Plant Transmembrane Receptors and Their Associated Kinase BAK1 (2010)

In plants leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) located at the plasma membrane play a pivotal role in the perception of extracellular signals. For two of these LRR-RKs, the brassinosteroid receptor BRI1 and the flagellin receptor FLS2, interaction with the LRR receptor-like kinase BAK1 (BRI1-associated receptor kinase 1) was shown to be required for signal transduction. Here we report that FLS2.BAK1 heteromerization occurs almost instantaneously after perception of the ligand, the flagellin-derived peptide flg22. Flg22 can induce formation of a stable FLS2.BAK1 complex in microsomal membrane preparations in vitro, and the kinase inhibitor K-252a does not prevent complex formation. A kinase dead version of BAK1 associates with FLS2 in a flg22-dependent manner but does not restore responsiveness to flg22 in cells of bak1 plants, demonstrating that kinase activity of BAK1 is essential for FLS2 signaling. Furthermore, using in vivo phospholabeling, we are able to detect de novo phosphorylation of both FLS2 and BAK1 within 15 s of stimulation with flg22. Similarly, brassinolide induces BAK1 phosphorylation within seconds. Other triggers of plant defense, such as bacterial EF-Tu and the endogenous AtPep1 likewise induce rapid formation of heterocomplexes consisting of de novo phosphorylated BAK1 and proteins representing the ligand-specific binding receptors EF-Tu receptor and Pep1 receptor 1, respectively. Thus, we propose that several LRR-RKs form tight complexes with BAK1 almost instantaneously after ligand binding and that the subsequent phosphorylation events are key initial steps in signal transduction.
Ge/SiGe Quantum Well Waveguide Modulator Monolithically Integrated With SOI Waveguides (2011)

We report a Ge/SiGe quantum well waveguide electroabsorption modulator that is monolithically integrated with silicon-on-insulator waveguides. The active quantum well section is selectively grown on a silicon-on-insulator substrate and has a footprint of 8 . The integrated device demonstrates more than 3.2-dB contrast ratio with 1-V direct voltage swing at 3.5 GHz. We also show the potential of this device to operate in the telecommunication C-band at room temperature.
Box-Beam Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal (2002)

A new box-beam guardrail end terminal, known as the box-beam bursting energy absorbing terminal (BEAT), was designed and shown to meet current United States impact safety standards according to guidelines provided by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). The BEAT is placed on the end of a box-beam guardrail system. When impacted by an errant vehicle, the head of the BEAT pushes down the box-beam rail causing the rail to expand and burst at the corners at a desired energy absorbing rate. Details of the bursting concept are provided along with descriptions of the new terminal and the performed crash tests. Three crash tests were needed to qualify the BEAT terminal according to Test Level 3 evaluation criteria provided by the NCHRP.
OTN Switching for Improved Energy and Spectral Efficiency in WDM MLR Networks (2016)

The application of OTN switching on top of a WDM layer is evaluated in terms of energy and spectral efficiency (SE). Significant improvements in energy-efficiency-per-GHz and SE are demonstrated with respect to conventional WDM architectures.
PAT2535975EP00: Device for cold plasma treatment, cold plasma endoscopic system, and method for generating and transporting a cold plasma. (2019)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Molecular genetics of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in man (1985)

Hypoxanthine - guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) is a purine salvage enzyme that plays a key role in the regulation of purine metabolism in man. Interest in this X-linked enzyme stems, in part, from the existence of two clinical syndromes associated with deficiency of HPRT enzyme activity. In 1967, Seegmiller et al<sup>1</sup>described a virtually complete deficiency of HPRT activity in patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by an overproduction of uric acid as well as a bizarre constellation of neurologic and behavioral abnormalities, including mental retardation, spasticity, choreoathetosis, and a compulsive form of self-mutilation. A partial deficiency of HPRT was subsequently demonstrated in several male patients who presented with hyperuricemia and a severe form of gout at an early age.<sup>2</sup>This latter group of patients is usually free of the central nervous system manifestations that characterize the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, although an occasional patient with partial HPRT deficiency
Insulin Directly Regulates the Circadian Clock in Adipose Tissue (2021)

Adipose tissue (AT) is a key metabolic organ which functions are rhythmically regulated by an endogenous circadian clock. Feeding is a &lt;i&gt;zeitgeber&lt;/i&gt; aligning the clock in AT with the external time but mechanisms of this regulation remain largely unclear. We tested the hypothesis that postprandial changes of the hormone insulin directly entrain circadian clocks in AT and investigated transcriptional-dependent mechanism of this regulation. We analysed gene expression in subcutaneous AT (SAT) of obese subjects collected before and after the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (EC) or control saline infusion (SC). The expression of core clock gene &lt;i&gt;PER2, PER3&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;NR1D1 &lt;/i&gt;in SAT were differentially changed upon insulin and saline infusion suggesting insulin-dependent clock regulation. In human stem cell-derived adipocytes, mouse 3T3-L1 cells and AT explants from &lt;i&gt;mPer2&lt;sup&gt;Luc&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; knockin mice, insulin induced a transient increase of the Per2 mRNA and protein expression leading to the phase shift of circadian oscillations and showing similar effects for &lt;i&gt;Per1&lt;/i&gt;. Insulin effects were dependent on the region between the -64 and -43 in the &lt;i&gt;Per2&lt;/i&gt; promoter, but not on CRE and E-box elements. Our results demonstrate that insulin directly regulates circadian clocks in AT and isolated adipocytes and thus represent a primary mechanism of feeding-induced AT clock entrainment.
Review of Contemporary Wind Turbine Concepts and Their Market Penetration (2004)

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the market penetration and share of different wind turbine concepts during the years 1998–2002, a period when the increase in the wind power capacity is starting to mark an abrupt evolution (more than two GW per year). A detailed overview is performed based on suppliers market data and concept evaluation for each individual wind turbine type sold by the Top Ten suppliers over the selected five years. The investigation is processing information on a total number of approximately 90 wind turbine types from 13 different manufacturers, which have been on the Top Ten list of wind turbine suppliers during 1998 to 2002. The analysis is based on very comprehensive data, which cover approximately 76% of the accumulated world wind power installed at the end of 2002. The paper also provides an overall perspective on the contemporary wind turbine concepts, classified with respect to both their speed control ability and to their power control type. Trends for wind turbine concepts are discussed.
Characterization of TFE/norbornene-based fluoropolymer resist for 157-nm lithography (2004)

Fluoropolymers are key materials in the single-layer resists used in 157-nm lithography. We have been studying fluoropolymers to determine their potential use as base resins. These polymers are main-chain fluorinated polymers synthesized by co-polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and functional norbornene. We developed a new polymer that is highly transparent and has high dry-etching resistance by attaching a PG-F protecting group, which has high dry-etching resistance, to a TFE/norbornene-based fluorinated polymer. The dry-etching rate for the 15 % blocked polymer was 1.50 times that of a KrF resist and its absorption coefficient at a 157-nm-exposure wavelength was 1.06 /&mu;m. We introduced various photoacid generators (PAGs) to the polymer, and compared lithographic performance. As a result, we found polymer with a triphenylsulfonium-salts-based PAG had a good pattern profile, and polymer with a high-acidity PAG resolved a fine pattern. In particular, polymer with a triphenylsulfonium perfluorooctane sulfonate PAG was able to resolve a 60-nm line and space pattern. We then added various quenchers to the polymer and the PAG, and compared pattern profiles. We found that the use of a high-basicity quencher improved the resolution of the resist and line edge roughness. Consequently, that the polymer with the triphenylsulfonium perfluorooctane sulfonate PAG and tributylamine quencher could resolve a 55-nm line and space pattern. These results provided guidelines for choosing the PAG and quencher for this polymer.
Real space transfer in a velocity modulated transistor structure (1997)

We report experimental, room temperature data showing real space transfer in a heterostructure which can support the movement of electrons over a barrier in both directions between two channels. Real space transfer occurs between two channels connected in parallel in a three-gate transistor, which has been developed to interrogate the channel populations. Results are presented that demonstrate real space transfer in a heterostructure which features a 2.5:1 mobility ratio between channels. This heterostructure is designed for use in a velocity modulation transistor, which requires reciprocal, gate-assisted transfer between two channels of differing mobilities.
From Imide to Lactam Metallo-pyridocarbazoles: Distinct Scaffolds for the Design of Selective Protein Kinase Inhibitors (2009)

Organometallic pyridocarbazole scaffolds are investigated as protein kinase inhibitors. Whereas our previous designs employed solely a maleimide pharmacophore for achieving the two crucial canonical hydrogen bonds to the hinge region of the ATP binding site, we have now extended our investigations to include the related lactam metallo-pyridocarbazoles. The synthetic access of the two regioisomeric lactam pyridocarbazoles is described, and the distinct biological properties of the two lactam scaffolds are revealed by employing a ruthenium half sandwich complex as a model system, resulting in organometallic lead structures for the inhibition of the protein kinases TrkA and CLK2. These new lactam metallo-pyridocarbazoles expand our existing molecular toolbox and assist toward the generation of metal complex scaffolds as lead structures for the design of selective inhibitors for numerous kinases of the human kinome.
Heat‐exchange pressure swing adsorption process for hydrogen separation (2008)

Abstract A current focus in the energy field is on the use of hydrogen in fuel cells. Development of a hydrogen station system is important to the commercialization of fuel cells and fuel cell powered vehicles. In this study, the heat‐exchange pressure swing adsorption (HE‐PSA) was developed to design a compact H 2 PSA process for small spatial occupancy in the hydrogen station. The adsorption dynamics and performance of the newly designed bed were compared with those of a conventional bed by using a quaternary mixture (H 2 /CO 2 /CH 4 /CO 69:26:3:2 vol %) which is generally obtained from the steam‐reforming reaction of natural gas. Because the detrimental exothermic/endothermic heat effects accompanied by the adsorption/desorption steps were reduced by heat exchange between the adsorption beds, the separation performance of the HE‐PSA was higher than that of a conventional PSA. In addition, the spatial occupancy of the beds could be significantly reduced, compared with a conventional PSA, because the single annular‐type bed performed the function of two beds in the HE‐PSA. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Towards Equitable Patient Subgroup Performance by Gene-Expression-Based Diagnostic Classifiers of Acute Infection (2022)

Abstract Host-response gene expression measurements may carry confounding associations with patient demographic characteristics that can induce bias in downstream classifiers. Assessment of deployed machine learning systems in other domains has revealed the presence of such biases and exposed the potential of these systems to cause harm. Such an assessment of a gene-expression-based classifier has not been carried out and collation of requisite patient subgroup data has not been undertaken. Here, we present data resources and an auditing framework for patient subgroup analysis of diagnostic classifiers of acute infection. Our dataset comprises demographic characteristics of nearly 6500 patients across 49 studies. We leverage these data to detect differences across patient subgroups in terms of gene-expression-based host response and performance with both our candidate pre-market diagnostic classifier and a standard-of-care biomarker of acute infection. We find evidence of variable representation with respect to patient covariates in our multi-cohort datasets as well as differences in host-response marker expression across patient subgroups. We also detect differences in performance of multiple host-response-based diagnostics for acute infection. This analysis marks an important first step in our ongoing efforts to characterize and mitigate potential bias in machine learning-based host-response diagnostics, highlighting the importance of accounting for such bias in developing diagnostic tests that generalize well across diverse patient populations.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature, Mercury‐Mediated Synthesis of Aluminum Intermetallics. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Speaker and noise independent voice activity detection (2013)

Voice activity detection (VAD) in the presence of heavy, nonstationary noise is a challenging problem that has attracted attention in recent years. Most modern VAD systems require training on highly specialized data: either labeled mixtures of speech and noise that are matched to the application, or, at the very least, noise data similar to that encountered in the application. Because obtaining labeled data can be a laborious task in practical applications, it is desirable for a voice activity detector to be able to perform well in the presence of any type of noise without the need for matched training data. In this paper, we propose a VAD method based on non-negative matrix factorization. We train a universal speech model from a corpus of clean speech but do not train a noise model. Rather, the universal speech model is sufficient to detect the presence of speech in noisy signals. Our experimental results show that our technique is robust to a variety of non-stationary noises mixed at a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios and significantly outperforms baseline algorithms.
Fine yellowα-SiAlON:Eu phosphors for white LEDs prepared by the gas-reduction–nitridation method (2007)

Yellow-emitting a-SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphors were synthesized by the gas reduction and nitridation of a homogeneous oxide precursor in a CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–Eu2O3 system at 1400–1450 °C using an NH3–CH4 mixture gas as a reduction–nitridation agent. The precursor was prepared by a sol–gel process using a low-cost nitrate, tetraethyl orthosilicate and citric acid as the starting materials. The effects of reaction parameters such as heating rate, temperature, holding time and CH4 content on the composition, microstructure and photoluminescence of the prepared powders were investigated. Nearly single-phase α-SiAlON was successfully synthesized by the one-step gas reduction and nitridation without the need for post-annealing at a higher temperature. The prepared powders consisted of relatively well-dispersed and uniform crystals with a hexagonal shape. The photoluminescence spectra of Eu-doped Ca-α-SiAlON phosphors excited by near-ultraviolet or blue light showed a broad, yellow emission band at 500–700 nm, which agrees well with that obtained from phosphors prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction.
Rapid reconstitution of CD4 T cells and NK cells protects against CMV-reactivation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2016)

In conclusion, these data suggest that CD4(+) T-cells and NK cells, rather than CD8(+) T-cells, are associated with protection against CMV-reactivation.
Mechanical Characterization of the Crystallizing Mechanism of Syndiotactic Polystyrene (1998)

A glassy film of syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) prepared by quenching the melt into ice−water shows a recovery of the dynamic tensile moduli above glass transition temperature. The recovery process of the dynamic moduli is associated with the crystallization−nucleation process. It is found that the SPS film isothermally heated at a temperature in the recovery process shows power law relaxation behavior or a critical state like a gelation point. Furthermore, the polarized infrared and light scattering studies support that the critical state forming a three-dimensional network junctions, which act as precursors of the crystal nuclei during strain-induced crystallization, appear during the induction of crystallization.
The Effect of a Single Freeze–Thaw Cycle on Matrix Metalloproteinases in Different Human Platelet-Rich Plasma Formulations (2021)

Storing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for future use is a compelling approach, presuming the retention of biological properties is maintained. However, certain factors in PRP preparations have deleterious effects for the treatment of certain musculoskeletal conditions. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare matrix metalloproteinase protein (MMP) concentrations between fresh and freeze-thawed leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) inactivated (LR-I) and activated (LR-A) preparations, and leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP) inactivated (LP-I) and activated (LP-A) preparations. A volume of 60 mL of whole blood was drawn from 19 healthy donors. LP-I and LR-I samples were processed using a manual extraction and centrifugation methodology. LP-A and LR-A products were activated with 10% CaCl<sub>2</sub> and recombinant thrombin. Blood fractions were either immediately assayed and analyzed or stored at -80 °C for 24, 72 and 160 h. Multiplex immunoassay was used to measure MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-10, and MMP-12. MMP-1 concentrations increased in LR-A (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and MMP-9 significantly increased in LR-I (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while MMP-2 significantly decreased in LR-I (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and MMP-3 concentrations significantly decreased in LR-A (<i>p</i> < 0.05). MMP-12 concentrations also significantly decreased in LR-I (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from baseline concentrations. There were no significant differences between LP-A and LP-I preparations and MMP concentrations. MMP-10 concentrations in all PRP samples compared to each freezing time point were also not significantly different. MMPs regulate components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the remodeling phase of musculoskeletal injury. In this study, we observed a significant increase and decrease in MMP concentrations in response to a single freeze-thaw cycle in inactivated PRP and activated PRP preparations. This evidence contributes to the growing body of literature on the optimization of PRP preparation and storage strategies prior to delivery. Our findings suggest that specific PRP preparations after a single freeze-thaw may be more advantageous for certain musculoskeletal applications based on the presence of MMP concentrations.
Steam reforming,ATR, partial oxidation: catalysts and reaction engineering (2010)

Abstract This chapter presents steam reforming and partial oxidation as a means for converting a hydrocarbon feedstock into a hydrogen containing gas for fuel cells. The different reactor concepts, choice of catalyst and causes of deactivation are described together with reaction mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives are discussed with emphasis on efficiency, operating conditions, type of fuel cell, and simplicity.
Classification of Pseudarthroses of the Lumbar Spine (1991)

Imaging studies and operative records of 55 patients who had undergone lumbar pseudarthrosis repair were studied, providing a total of 85 surgically documented pseudarthroses. Preoperative imaging studies were carefully analyzed for the anatomic characteristics of the involved levels and the morphology of the fusion mass. The pseudarthroses were found to fall into four distinct morphologic categories: atrophic, transverse, shingle, and complex. The atrophic pseudarthrosis type was noted to be strongly associated with the presence of intact facet joints or spinal hardware. This retrospective analysis indicates that stress shielding provided by intact facet joints or spinal implants may contribute to graft atrophy in certain patients. The classification scheme proposed may be useful in future analyses of different fusion techniques in determining the various causes of this surgical complication.