gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distance protection in distribution systems: How it assists with integrating distributed resources (2013)

The integration of distributed generation (DG) or distributed resources in the distribution system poses technical constraints for the electrical power system owner or manager. The addition of relatively large amounts of generation to the distribution system can potentially challenge the historical settings principles and design assumptions made in developing protection and control strategies based on overcurrent protection. The necessity and complexity of additional protection and control measures increase as the aggregate DG capacity within a potential island approaches or offsets the load within that island. In addition, the varying nature of DG availability and fault current capability must also be considered. The key issues discussed and associated with DG on the distribution feeder include anti-islanding, temporary overvoltages during fault conditions, and loss of sensitivity of feeder overcurrent protection for long feeders. As the distribution system evolves to accommodate more DG, the design and implementation of the feeder protection must also evolve. This paper presents the use of distance relays for distribution protection to solve some of the DG integration problems. This paper provides real-world event report data to further demonstrate the performance of distance protection on the distribution system. A relative cost comparison between various feeder protection solutions is presented along with a discussion on options for education of distribution companies challenged with implementing distance protection for the first time.
Pulse destacking and restacking for coherent combination of amplified pulses using spatial offset and intensity splitting (2019)

We show a new interferometer for coherently combining multiple pulses from multiple amplifiers for femtosecond, high energy pulses. A double pass provides passive interferometer stability, but we add a spatial offset to enable unidirectional amplification in fiber. Using intensity splitters and phase results in high spectral bandwidth and low dispersion. We demonstrate direct combination of eight 81 fs pulses made by nonlinear amplification, broadening, and compression within two separate fiber amplifiers with only one active stabilization for the relative fiber amplifier lengths. We verify coherence of the input and output pulses for frequency comb applications.
Magnetization‐prepared cardiac imaging using gradient echo acquisition (1993)

Magnetization-prepared 2DFT and 3DFT gradient echo techniques are presented for acquisition of black blood cardiac images. Both methods incorporate RF pulses for blood saturation, centric or centric-like view ordering, data acquisition during late diastole, and breath-holding. In a series of 13 volunteer studies, these methods have consistently provided good visualization of intraventricular structures.
The Implications of Limited Decompression and Fusion or Decompression Alone Compared to Full Correction in Adult Deformity Surgery (2015)

Introduction Some patients request limited surgery instead of full deformity correction and stabilization because of the perceived lower morbidity, risk, and magnitude of surgery. This study is an attempt to evaluate outcomes in patient who select limited fusion/decompression compared with patients who elect to undergo complete deformity correction/stabilization. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of consecutive adult spinal deformity patients treated over a 6 year period who had minimum 1 year of follow-up in the practice of a single spinal surgeon. Patients with cervical or pathological deformity were excluded. Some patients chose only to undergo partial corrections or decompression alone. We compared demographic data of patients choosing among these three options and additionally compared intraoperative blood loss, length of surgery, and length of stay. We also examined the early and late complication rate as well as the number of subsequent spinal surgeries. We additionally compared perioperative change in quality of life measures (ODI, VAS, and SF36v2). Results A total of 103 patients were identified, out of which 59 patients underwent full correction while 24 underwent partial correction and 20 underwent decompression alone. Full correction was achieved in 54 of the 59 patients (91.5%). Patients choosing full correction were significantly younger than those undergoing less than full correction ( p &lt; 0.0001). Attempted full correction was associated with significantly longer length of stay ( p = 0.016), longer surgical duration ( p &lt; 0.0001), and greater volume of intraoperative blood loss ( p = 0.002). There was no clear relationship between extent of surgery and rate of early complications. Late complication and reoperation rates increased as the extent of the initial surgery increased however these differences were not significant. Only 26.2% of patients provided quality of life data. Those undergoing full correction had greatest improvement in ODI, VAS, SF36v2 physical and mental scores, particularly when full correction was achieved. No statistical differences in quality of life measures were detected although type II error is probable. Conclusion Although full deformity correction is more resource intensive and associated with a higher reoperative rate, our results suggest that achieving full deformity correction may achieve the greatest improvement in quality of life measures. A low response rate on quality of life measure surveys limits the strength of our conclusions.
Interworking Scheme Using Optimized SIP Mobility for MultiHomed Mobile Nodes in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks (2009)

Nowadays, mobile users wish to use their multi-interface mobile devices to access the Internet through network points of attachment (PoA) based on heterogeneous wireless technologies. They also wish to seamlessly change the PoAs during their ongoing sessions to improve service quality and/or reduce monetary cost. If appropriately handled, multihomed mobile nodes offer a potential solution to this issue. In this sense, the management of multihomed mobile nodes in heterogeneous environment is a key research topic. In this paper, we present an improvement of SIP mobility (pre-call plus mid-call mobility) to support seamless mobility of multihomed mobile nodes in heterogeneous wireless networks. Pre-call mobility is extended to associate user identifier (i.e. SIP URI) and interface identifiers (i.e. IP addresses). The multiple addresses of a mobile device are weighted by the user to create a priority list in the SIP server so as to guarantee resilient reachability of mobile nodes and to avoid unnecessary signaling through wireless links, thus saving radio resources. Then, three variations of mid-call mobility, called hard, hybrid and soft procedures, are also proposed. Their main aim is to minimize, or even avoid, packet losses during interface switching at the mobile node. The proposed solutions have been implemented in a wireless heterogeneous testbed composed of 802.11 WLAN plus 3.5 cellular network, which are fully controlled and configurable. The testbed has been used to study the performance and the robustness of the three proposed mid-call mobility procedures.
Treatment outcome of localized prostate cancer by 70 Gy hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a customized rectal balloon (2014)

Hypo-IMRT with a customized rectal balloon resulted in excellent biochemical control rates with minimal toxicity in localized prostate cancer patients.
A recombinant defective adenoviral agent expressing anti-bcl-2 ribozyme promotes apoptosis of bcl-2-expressing human prostate cancer cells (1999)

Over-expression of bcl-2, a potent anti-apoptosis protein, is likely to be one of the genetic mechanisms through which human prostate cancer cells develop resistance to hormonal and other forms of therapy. To develop a therapeutic agent for hormone-resistant prostate cancer based on suppression of bcl-2 expression, we had previously designed and synthesized a dual-hammerhead ribozyme capable of recognizing and specifically cleaving human bcl-2 mRNA in vitro as well as in vivo. To increase the efficiency by which the anti-bcl-2 ribozyme can be delivered to target cells, we have created a recombinant replication-deficient (defective) adenoviral agent capable of expressing the anti-bcl-2 ribozyme upon infection. This viral agent effectively reduces intracellular levels of bcl-2 mRNA and protein in cultured LNCaP prostate cancer cells following standard infection procedures. Likewise, the defective adenovirus-anti-bcl-2 ribozyme induces extensive apoptosis in several androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-insensitive (LNCaP/bcl-2 and PC-3) human prostate cancer cell lines that express differing amounts of bcl-2 protein. One androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line, DU-145, lacking in bcl-2 expression, was found to be completely refractory to the effects of the virus ribozyme, supporting the concept that the cytotoxic effects of the ribozyme are based solely on its effects on bcl-2 expression. Our results support further development of this adenovirus/anti-bcl-2 ribozyme for potential gene therapeutic purposes in certain forms of hormone-resistant prostate cancer where over-expression of bcl-2 proto-oncogene is indicated.
Prototyping for context: exploring stakeholder feedback based on prototype type, stakeholder group and question type (2019)

Engineering designers frequently use prototypes to gather input from stakeholders. Design guidelines recommend the use of quick and simple prototypes early and often in a design process. However, the type and quality of a prototype can influence how stakeholders perceive a new design concept and can therefore impact their responses. Additionally, different levels of experience, expertise, and preparedness for providing input to designers may lead stakeholders from different geographical or cultural settings to provide different responses, making the format of a prototype even more influential. Although design practitioners are known to intentionally align their prototyping approach with the specific design question to be answered, it is unclear the extent to which prototyping approaches should vary based on the stakeholders, context, and setting of a design project. To investigate how the format and quality of prototypes influence stakeholders' responses, we conducted a field study with various medical professionals in Ghana. We presented prototypes for a medical device in different formats to stakeholders and collected responses to the design through semi-structured interviews. We found that professional expertise, prototype format, and question type influenced the types of responses that stakeholders provided. These findings suggest that designers seeking input from stakeholders on new concepts should consider context-specific prototyping strategies, especially when designing at distance and across cultures.
Network-on-chip traffic modeling for data flow applications (2013)

Network traffic modeling is largely used for investigating Network-on-Chip characteristics and performances. When traffic patterns, based on real applications, are accurate but long to obtain and limited in terms of flexibility, synthetic traffics are flexible but do not offer the required accuracy.
Deep neural networks for plasma tomography with applications to JET and COMPASS (2019)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have found applications in many image processing tasks, such as feature extraction, image classification, and object recognition. It has also been shown that the inverse of CNNs, so-called deconvolutional neural networks, can be used for inverse problems such as plasma tomography. In essence, plasma tomography consists in reconstructing the 2D plasma profile on a poloidal cross-section of a fusion device, based on line-integrated measurements from multiple radiation detectors. Since the reconstruction process is computationally intensive, a deconvolutional neural network trained to produce the same results will yield a significant computational speedup, at the expense of a small error which can be assessed using different metrics. In this work, we discuss the design principles behind such networks, including the use of multiple layers, how they can be stacked, and how their dimensions can be tuned according to the number of detectors and the desired tomographic resolution for a given fusion device. We describe the application of such networks at JET and COMPASS, where at JET we use the bolometer system, and at COMPASS we use the soft X-ray diagnostic based on photodiode arrays.
Aplasia cutis congenita associated with limb, eye, and brain anomalies in sibs: A variant of the Adams‐Oliver syndrome? (1995)

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) may occur in isolation or with other congenital malformations. Peripheral limb anomalies and ACC are major elements of the Adams-Oliver syndrome, which is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder. We report on a sister and brother with ACC and brain, eyes, and transverse limb anomalies. The phalanges of the hands and feet were either short or absent. The girl also had absence of right patella, was severely mentally retarded and blind with retinal nonattachment. The boy had a falciform fold in the left eye. He died at age one week and autopsy showed partial agenesis of corpus callosum. The findings in the sibs may represent a severe variant of the Adams-Oliver syndrome, or a previously unrecognized syndrome involving vascular disruption.
Ge on Si p-i-n photodiodes operating at 10Gbit∕s (2006)

We report on fast p-i-n photodetectors operating in the near infrared and realized in pure germanium on silicon. The diodes were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition at 600°C without affecting the crystal quality and allowing the integration with standard silicon processes. We demonstrate responsivities of 0.4 and 0.2A∕W at 1.3 and 1.55μm, respectively, as well as operation at 10Gbit∕s.
Effect of Active versus Passive Recovery on Metabolism and Performance during Subsequent Exercise (2004)

This study tested the hypothesis that active recovery between bouts of intense aerobic exercise would lead to better maintenance of exercise performance in the second bout of exercise. Seven trained men on 2 separate occasions (VO(2peak) = 58.3+/- 9.4 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) performed as much work as possible during two 20-min cycling exercise bouts, separated by a 15-min recovery period. During passive recovery (PR), subjects rested supine, while during active recovery (AR) subjects continued to cycle at 40% VO(2peak). Muscle biopsies and blood samples were obtained. Neither muscle glycogen or lactate was different when comparing AR with PR at any point. In contrast, plasma lactate concentration was higher (p<.05) in PR versus AR during the recovery period, such that subjects commenced the second bout of intense exercise with a lower (p <.05) plasma lactate concentration in AR (4.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.7 +/- 1.4 mmol. L(-1) following AR and PR, respectively). Work performed in Bout 2 was less than that performed in Bout 1 in both trials (p<.01), with no difference in work performed between trials. These data do not support the benefit of AR when compared to PR in the maintenance of subsequent intense aerobic exercise performance.
Emerging GaN technologies for power, RF, digital, and quantum computing applications: Recent advances and prospects (2021)

GaN technology is not only gaining traction in power and RF electronics but is also rapidly expanding into other application areas including digital and quantum computing electronics. This paper provides a glimpse of future GaN device technologies and advanced modeling approaches that can push the boundaries of these applications in terms of performance and reliability. While GaN power devices have recently been commercialized in the 15–900 V classes, new GaN devices are greatly desirable to explore both higher-voltage and ultra-low-voltage power applications. Moving into the RF domain, ultra-high frequency GaN devices are being used to implement digitized power amplifier circuits, and further advances using the hardware–software co-design approach can be expected. On the horizon is the GaN CMOS technology, a key missing piece to realize the full-GaN platform with integrated digital, power, and RF electronics technologies. Although currently a challenge, high-performance p-type GaN technology will be crucial to realize high-performance GaN CMOS circuits. Due to its excellent transport characteristics and ability to generate free carriers via polarization doping, GaN is expected to be an important technology for ultra-low temperature and quantum computing electronics. Finally, given the increasing cost of hardware prototyping of new devices and circuits, the use of high-fidelity device models and data-driven modeling approaches for technology-circuit co-design are projected to be the trends of the future. In this regard, physically inspired, mathematically robust, less computationally taxing, and predictive modeling approaches are indispensable. With all these and future efforts, we envision GaN to become the next Si for electronics.
Effects of GNA and other mannose binding lectins on development and fecundity of the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae (1996)

Abstract Three mannose‐binding lectins were assayed in artificial diets for their toxic and growth‐inhibitory effects on nymphal development of the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae. The snowdrop ( Galanthus nivalis ) lectin GNA was the most toxic, with an induced nymphal mortality of 42% at 1500 μg ml −1 (30 μM) and an IC 50 (50% growth inhibition) of 630 μg ml −1 (13 μM). The daffodil ( Narcissus pseudonarcissus ) lectin NPA and a garlic ( Allium sativum ) lectin ASA induced no significant mortality in the range 10–1500 μg ml −1 , but did result in growth inhibition of 59% (NPA) and 26% (ASA) at 1500 μg ml −1 (40 μM for NPA, 63 μM for ASA). All three lectins were responsible for a slight but significant growth stimulation when ingested at 10 μg ml −1 , reaching + 26%, + 18% and + 11% over the control values for the garlic lectin, the daffodil lectin and the snowdrop lectin, respectively. GNA, as well as the glucose/mannose binding lectin Concanavalin A, were also provided at sublethal doses throughout the life cycle of the aphids, and effects on adult performance were monitored. Adult survival was not significantly altered, but both lectins adversely affected total fecundity and the dynamics of reproduction, resulting in significant reduction in calculated r m's (population intrinsic rate of natural increase) on lectin‐containing diets. These effects are discussed in relation to the use of transgenic plants expressing these toxic lectins for potential control of aphid populations.
Formation of chlorins andmeso-substituted porphyrins through intramolecular nitrogen-carbon migration ofN-substituted porphyrins (2008)

A series of N -substituted porphyrins were synthesized either by direct alkylation of the symmetrical porphyrins or from the unsymmetrical porphyrins obtained via MacDonald's procedure using the appropriate N -substituted dipyrromethanes. Depending upon the nature of the peripheral substitutions in the porphyrin system, the nickel(II)-promoted rearrangement of these compounds gave either meso-substituted or unsubstituted Ni(II) porphyrins or chlorins. The chlorins and meso-substituted porphyrins were formed via the intramolecular migration of the N -substituent to carbon. This approach provides easy access for the synthesis of chlorins and the meso-substituted porphyrins, which are otherwise difficult to synthesize.
Erratum: “A Four Degree of Freedom Robot for Positioning Ultrasound Imaging Catheters” [J. Mechanisms Robotics 8(5), 051016 (May 04, 2016); DOI: 10.1115/1.4032249] (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1115/1.4032249.].
Three‐dimensional light microscopy of diploid Drosophila chromosomes (1988)

Fluorescence microscopy, uniquely, provides the ability to examine specific components within intact, even living, cells. Unfortunately, high-resolution conventional fluorescence microscopy is intrinsically a two-dimensional technique and performs poorly with specimens thicker than about 0.5 micron. Probing the spatial organization of components within cells has required the development of new methods optimized for three-dimensional data collection, processing, display, and interpretation. Our interest in understanding the relationship between chromosome structure and function has led us to develop the necessary methodology for exploring cell structures in three dimensions. It is now possible to determine directly the three-dimensional spatial organization of diploid chromosomes within intact nuclei throughout most of the mitotic the cell cycle.
Molecular weight effect on theta‐gel formation in poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(ethylene glycol) mixtures (2012)

Abstract Injectable hydrogel formulations that undergo in situ gelation at body temperature are promising for minimally invasive tissue repair. This work focuses on the investigation of injectable poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) mixtures. The injectable PVA–PEG aqueous solutions form a hydrogel as temperature is reduced to near body temperature, while filling a defect in the injection site. Gamma sterilization of these solutions compromises injectability presumably due to crosslinking of PVA. We hypothesized that by modifying the PEG molecular weight and its concentration, injectability of radiation sterilized PVA–PEG hydrogels can be optimized without compromising the mechanical properties of the resulting gel. The use of a bimodal mixture of higher and lower molecular weight PEG (600 and 200 g/mol) resulted in lower PVA/PEG solution viscosity, better injectability, and higher gel mechanical strength. The PVA/bimodal‐PEG had a lower viscosity at 2733 ± 149 cP versus a viscosity of 5560 ± 278 cP for PVA/unimodal‐PEG (400 g/mol). The gel formed with the bimodal PEG mixture had higher creep resistance (61% total creep strain under 0.5 MPa) than that formed with unimodal PEG (84%). These hydrogel formulations are promising candidates for minimally invasive tissue repair. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Crystal structure and mechanism of histone acetylation of the yeast GCN5 transcriptional coactivator (1999)

The yeast GCN5 (yGCN5) transcriptional coactivator functions as a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) to promote transcriptional activation. Here, we present the high resolution crystal structure of the HAT domain of yGCN5 and probe the functional importance of a conserved glutamate residue. The structure reveals a central protein core associated with AcCoA binding that appears to be structurally conserved among a superfamily of N-acetyltransferases, including yeast histone acetyltransferase 1 and Serratia marcescens aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase. A pronounced cleft lying above this core, and flanked by N- and C-terminal regions that show no sequence conservation within N-acetyltransferase enzymes, is implicated by cross-species conservation and mutagenesis studies to be a site for histone substrate binding and catalysis. Located at the bottom of this cleft is a conserved glutamate residue (E173) that is in position to play an important catalytic role in histone acetylation. Functional analysis of an E173Q mutant yGCN5 protein implicates glutamate 173 to function as a general base for catalysis. Together, a correlation of the yGCN5 structure with functionally debilitating yGCN5 mutations provides a paradigm for understanding the structure/function relationships of the growing number of transcriptional regulators that function as histone acetyltransferase enzymes.