gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personalization and Layering to Simplify Computer Accessibility (2019)

Access to digital interfaces is a growing concern due to its increasing role in all aspects of our lives. Those who cannot access and use digital technologies will not be able to participate in the society or even live independently in smart or non-smart homes as they are currently evolving. This includes many who face barriers due to their disability, literacy, or digital literacy. Solutions exist but are often not installed, buried, hard to find, and difficult to understand and use. A new extension to the operating system that combines auto-personalization, layering, enhanced discovery, and Install on Demand (IoD) seeks to make computers easier to use by those who have difficulty learning and understanding them, and also make it easier to set up and use assistive technologies. Key to its utility is the ability to have these features and capabilities appear on any computer they encounter and want to use at school, work, library, community center, etc. Pilot testing is being launched in libraries, job centers and a community college.
The intravascular ultrasound anisotropic elasticity-palpography technique: A reliable tool for thedetection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (2018)

International audience
Genome features of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni (2004)

We report novel features of the genome sequence of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni, a highly invasive spirochete. Leptospira species colonize a significant proportion of rodent populations worldwide and produce life-threatening infections in mammals. Genomic sequence analysis reveals the presence of a competent transport system with 13 families of genes encoding for major transporters including a three-member component efflux system compatible with the long-term survival of this organism. The leptospiral genome contains a broad array of genes encoding regulatory system, signal transduction and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, reflecting the organism's ability to respond to diverse environmental stimuli. The identification of a complete set of genes encoding the enzymes for the cobalamin biosynthetic pathway and the novel coding genes related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis should bring new light to the study of Leptospira physiology. Genes related to toxins, lipoproteins and several surface-exposed proteins may facilitate a better understanding of the Leptospira pathogenesis and may serve as potential candidates for vaccine.
Chondrogenesis by chemotactic homing of synovium, bone marrow, and adipose stem cells in vitro (2011)

Cell transplantation has been well explored for cartilage regeneration. We recently showed that the entire articular surface of a synovial joint can regenerate by endogenous cell homing and without cell transplantation. However, the sources of endogenous cells that regenerate articular cartilage remain elusive. Here, we studied whether cytokines not only chemotactically recruit adipose stem cells (ASCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and synovium stem cells (SSCs) but also induce chondrogenesis of the recruited cells. Recombinant human transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3; 100 ng) and/or recombinant human stromal derived factor-1β (SDF-1β; 100 ng) was control released into an acellular collagen sponge cube with underlying ASCs, MSCs, or SSCs in monolayer culture. Although all cell types randomly migrated into the acellular collagen sponge cube, TGF-β3 and/or SDF-1β recruited significantly more cells than the cytokine-free control group. In 6 wk, TGF-β3 alone recruited substantial numbers of ASCs (558±65) and MSCs (302±52), whereas codelivery of TGF-β3 and SDF-1β was particularly chemotactic to SSCs (400±120). Proliferation of the recruited cells accounted for some, but far from all, of the observed cellularity. TGF-β3 and SDF-1β codelivery induced significantly higher aggrecan gene expression than the cytokine-free group for ASCs, MSCs, and SSCs. Type II collagen gene expression was also significantly higher for ASCs and SSCs by SDF-1 and TGF-β3 codelivery. Remarkably, the expression of aggrecan and type II collagen was detected among all cell types. Thus, homing of multiple stem/progenitor cell populations may potentially serve as an alternative or adjunctive approach to cell transplantation for cartilage regeneration.
Die multidrug resistente transgene Maus: In-vivo-Charakterisierung des menschlichen MDR-1 Genes (1991)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) trägt wesentlich zur Chemoresistenz der meisten menschlichen Tumoren wie z. B. des Nierenzellkarzinoms bei. Die genetische Grundlage des Phänomens konnte durch Sequenzierung des menschlichen MDR-1-Genes geklärt werden. Die Entwicklung eines verlaäßlichen In-vivo-Systems zur Untersuchung von MDR ist ein wichtiges Problem der aktuellen onkologischen Forschung. Wir haben das menschliche MDR-1-Gen unter Kontrolle eines β-Actin(Huhn)-Promoters in das Genom von C57B1/6 × SJL F1-Mäusen inseriert. Wir konnten zeigen, daß bei stabiler Integration ein dominanter Erbgang des Transgenes nach Mendel vorliegt. Die Hauptexpression fand sich im hämatopoietischen Gewebe, vor allem im Knochenmark und in der Milz. Immunfluoreszenzoptisch wurde die Übersetzung des MDR-Transgenes in die Proteinebene (P-170 Glykoprotein) nachgewiesen. Funktionell schützte das menschliche MDR-1-Gen selektiv das Mausknochenmark gegen die Auswirkungen von Chemotherapie mit allen Substanzen der MDR-Familie. Weiter konnten wir in vivo die Überwindung von Chemoresistenz durch Gabe von Chemosensitivierern zeigen. Die MDR-transgene Maus stellt damit ein geeignetes In-vivo-Modell zur Überprüfung von MDR dar.
Guest Editorial Special Issue on Benchmarking Sampling-Based Optimization Heuristics: Methodology and Software (2022)

Benchmarking provides an essential ground base for adequately assessing and comparing evolutionary computation methods and other optimization algorithms. It allows us to gain insights into strengths and weaknesses of different existing techniques, and consequently design more efficient optimization approaches. The need for good benchmarking practices opens up a broad range of complementary research questions, arising as a byproduct of challenges encountered when optimization methods are assessed. From the selection of representative benchmark problem instances, different algorithms, and suitable performance metrics, over efficient experimentation, to a sound evaluation of the benchmark data, these research questions lie at the core of establishing a well-designed and standardized benchmarking procedure.
Spider Knottin Pharmacology at Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Their Potential to Modulate Pain Pathways (2019)

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na<sub>V</sub>s) are a key determinant of neuronal signalling. Neurotoxins from diverse taxa that selectively activate or inhibit Na<sub>V</sub> channels have helped unravel the role of Na<sub>V</sub> channels in diseases, including chronic pain. Spider venoms contain the most diverse array of inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) toxins (knottins). This review provides an overview on how spider knottins modulate Na<sub>V</sub> channels and describes the structural features and molecular determinants that influence their affinity and subtype selectivity. Genetic and functional evidence support a major involvement of Na<sub>V</sub> subtypes in various chronic pain conditions. The exquisite inhibitory properties of spider knottins over key Na<sub>V</sub> subtypes make them the best lead molecules for the development of novel analgesics to treat chronic pain.
ChemInform Abstract: THE HIGHLY SELECTIVE SULFONYLATION OF CYCLOHEPTAAMYLOSE AND SYNTHESES OF ITS PURE AMINO DERIVATIVES (1977)

Abstract Aus Cycloheptaamylose (I) und Mesitylensulfonylchlorid entstehen die Heptakis(mesitylensulfonyl)‐Derivate (II) und (III) (Stellungsisomere) sowie das Hexakis(mesitylensulfonyl)‐Derivat (IV)(Ausbeuteangaben in g).
Induction of CD4+ Th1 Lymphocytes That Recognize Known and Novel Class II MHC Restricted Epitopes from the Melanoma Antigen gp100 by Stimulation with Recombinant Protein (2004)

CD4+ T helper cells may play a critical role in the induction and maintenance of a therapeutic immune response to cancer. To evaluate the efficacy with which a recombinant tumor-associated protein can induce antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells, we stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with melanoma in vitro with the purified melanoma antigen gp100 produced in Escherichia coli. In preliminary experiments, we observed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells could process and present known HLA-DRbeta1*0401 and HLA-DRbeta1*0701 restricted epitopes to gp100-reactive CD4+ T cell lines after being loaded exogenously with protein. Therefore, we used autologous protein-loaded peripheral blood mononuclear cells as antigen presenting cells. From four of nine patients who expressed both HLA-DRbeta1*0401 and HLA-DRbeta1*0701, we raised five gp100-reactive CD4+ T cell populations that secreted TH1 type cytokines in response to exogenously loaded protein as well as target cells that endogenously expressed gp100 and MHC class II molecules, including transfectants and melanoma cells. Four of the five cultures specifically recognized the known HLA-DRbeta1*0401 and HLA-DRbeta1*0701 restricted epitopes gp100:44-59 and gp100:170-190, respectively. The fifth culture, and 30 T cell clones derived from it, specifically recognized a new peptide, gp100:420-435, in the context of HLA-DRbeta1*0701. These results suggest that recombinant tumor-associated proteins may be clinically applicable for the generation of CD4+ T helper cells in active vaccination strategies or adoptive cellular immunotherapies.
A modified point coordination function in IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (2004)

With recent advances in wireless technologies, wireless LANs are becoming increasingly widespread as an alternative to fixed access technologies. The IEEE 802.11 standard has gained the most popularity among the different standards and is currently being deployed both within enterprises as well as being used for public access. One of the weaknesses of the basic medium access in the 802.11 standard is its relatively poor support for real-time trafflc. In order to provide this support, the MAC layer implements a Point Coordination Function (PCF). However, since the PCF is based on a centralized polling protocol, some bandwidth is wasted due to the polling overheads and null packets in case the polled stations do not have any data to traosmit. In order to reduce the waste and increase the channel utilization this paper presents a modified version of the standard PCF. The modified PCF uses a distributed polling protocol @PP) as an access mechanism for the uplink transmission. The transmission period in the modified PCF consists of a distributed polling protocol period @PPP) which is controlled by the DPP and the real-time traffic downlink period (RTDP). The paper further introduces a technique for dealing with the hidden station problem for use together with the proposed modification. This problem occurs when one or more stations misinterpret the status of the medium leading to unforeseen collisions. Using simulation we compare the performance of the modified PCF with the standard PCF when they are used to support voice transmissions. The results show that the modified PCF significantly improves the channel utilization since it can support a higher number of stations than the standard PCF.
An introduction to the mathematics of neurons: modeling in the frequency domain (1998)

Preface 1. Some useful electrical circuits 2. A theory of simple clocks 3. Some mathematical models of neurons 4. Signal processing in phase-locked systems 5. Small physiological control networks 6. Memory, phase change, and synchronization 7. Attention and other brain phenomena Appendices References Index.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Ca1-xSrxCuO2 Films Prepared by Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (1991)

The as-deposited Ca 1- x Sr x CuO 2 film is a semi-insulator, and the resistivity of the film is reduced by a factor of about one hundred after postannealing in 1 atm O 2 . The temperature dependence of the resistivities of these films is semiconductive. The positive Seebeck coefficients of these films indicate that holes in the valence band are generated by excess oxygen. The charge-transfer absorption is observed at a wavelength shorter than 800 nm.
Pregnancy And Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia: the PANDORA study—an observational birth cohort (2018)

Higher rates of T2DM among Indigenous women predominantly contribute to absolute poorer pregnancy outcomes among Indigenous women with hyperglycemia. As with Indigenous and minority populations globally, prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes in younger women is vital to improve pregnancy outcomes and possibly to improve the long-term health of their offspring.
The development of endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades in water (2009)

This tutorial review traces the development of endo-regioselective epoxide-opening reactions in water. Templated, water-promoted epoxide-opening cyclization reactions can offer rapid access to subunits of the ladder polyethers, a fascinating and complex family of natural products. This review may be of interest to those curious about the ladder polyethers and their hypothesized biogenesis, about organic reactions in water, and about the development and application of cascade reactions in organic synthesis.
First-principles Study of the Temperature Dependence of Energy Gaps and Optical Properties in High-temperature Gas Sensor Materials (2019)

Presented by NETL at ACS Fall Meeting, 8/18
An expedited approach to evaluate the importance of different crystal growth parameters on laser damage performance in KDP and DKDP (2006)

We investigate the laser-induced damage resistance at 355 nm in DKDP crystals grown with varying growth parameters, including temperature, speed of growth and impurity concentration. In order to perform this work, a DKDP crystal was grown over 34 days by the rapid-growth technique with varied growth conditions. By using the same crystal, we are able to isolate growth-related parameters affecting LID from raw material or other variations that are encountered when testing in different crystals. The objective is to find correlations of damage performance to growth conditions and reveal the key parameters for achieving DKDP material in which the number of damage initiating defects is minimized.
Catalysts for solar-driven water splitting (2017)

We are working on heterogeneous inorg. catalysts that could be part of scalable solar fuel devices. We have found that&#13;\nmaterials such as Ni-Mo nanopowders and metal phosphide nanocrystals have catalytic efficiencies near that of platinum for redn. of protons in aq. solns. A major challenge is to find scalable materials that can be employed as active catalysts in integrated photoanodes for prodn. of oxygen from water, as required for the generation of protons and electrons for combination at photocathodes. We have found that mixed-metal nanosheet hydroxides made by pulsed laser ablation of precursors in water are very active water oxidn. catalysts. We are working on the structures and mechanisms of these nanosheet materials to aid in the design and construction of more efficient and robust integrated photoanodes for water splitting.
Dual-function synthetic peptide derived from BMP4 for highly efficient tumor targeting and antiangiogenesis (2016)

Angiogenesis plays a critical role in the growth and metastasis of cancer, and growth factors released from cancer promote blood-vessel formation in the tumor microenvironment. The angiogenesis is accelerated via interactions of growth factors with the high-affinity receptors on cancer cells. In particular, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the surface of cancer cells have been shown to be important in many aspects of determining a tumor's phenotype and development. Specifically, the regulation of the interactions between HSPGs and growth factors results in changes in tumor progression. A peptide with heparin-binding (HBP) activity has been developed and synthesized to inhibit tumor growth via the prevention of angiogenesis. We hypothesized that HBP could inhibit the interaction of growth factors and HSPGs on the surface of cancer cells, decrease paracrine signaling in endothelial cells (ECs), and finally decrease angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we found that HBP had antiangiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. The conditioned media obtained from a breast cancer cell line treated with HBP were used to culture human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) to evaluate the antiangiogenic effect of HBP on ECs. HBP effectively inhibited the migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs in vitro. In addition, the expressions of angiogenesis-mediating factors, including ERK, FAK, and Akt, were considerably decreased. HBP also decreased the levels of invasive factors, including MMP2 and MMP9, secreted by the HUVECs. We demonstrated significant suppression of tumor growth in a breast cancer xenograft model and enhanced distribution of HBP at the site of tumors. Taken together, our results show that HBP has antiangiogenic effects on ECs, and suggest that it may serve as a potential antitumor agent through control of the tumor microenvironment.
A Single Amino Acid Substitution in the v-Eyk Intracellular Domain Results in Activation of Stat3 and Enhances Cellular Transformation (1999)

The receptor tyrosine kinase Eyk, a member of the Axl/Tyro3 subfamily, activates the STAT pathway and transforms cells when constitutively activated. Here, we compared the potentials of the intracellular domains of Eyk molecules derived from c-Eyk and v-Eyk to transform rat 3Y1 fibroblasts. The v-Eyk molecule induced higher numbers of transformants in soft agar and stronger activation of Stat3; levels of Stat1 activation by the two Eyk molecules were similar. A mutation in the sequence Y933VPL, present in c-Eyk, to the v-Eyk sequence Y933VPQ led to increased activation of Stat3 and increased transformation efficiency. However, altering another sequence, Y862VNT, present in both Eyk molecules to F862VNT markedly decreased transformation without impairing Stat3 activation. These results indicate that activation of Stat3 enhances transformation efficiency and cooperates with another pathway to induce transformation.
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) enhances hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function via d-serine and adenosine receptor type A2 (A2AR) activity (2013)

CX3CL1 transiently potentiates NMDAR function though mechanisms involving A2AR activity and the release of D-serine.
An architecture-independent approach to FPGA routing based on multi-weighted graphs (1994)

We propose a general framework for FPGA routing, which allows simultaneous optimization of multiple competing objectives under a smooth designercontrolled tradeoff. Our approach is based on a new multi-weighted graph formulation, enabling a theoretical performance characterization, as well as a practical implementation. Our FPGA router is architectureindependent, computationally efficient, and performs well on industrial benchmarks.
Editorial: Choosing wisely - it is time for dentistry. (2018)

status: Published
Band-selective homonuclear dipolar recoupling in rotating solids (2002)

In this paper, we introduce approaches to band-selective homonuclear dipolar recoupling with the SPC-5 sequence described previously [Hohwy et al., J. Chem. Phys. 110, 7983 (1999)]. The technique, denoted SPC-53, restores the homonuclear dipolar coupling during magic angle spinning (MAS) and introduces a fifth-order residual offset term of controllable magnitude. The fifth order term truncates the dipolar coupling to spins that fall outside the operational bandwidth of the experiment. It is shown with high-order average Hamiltonian theory, multiple-spin simulations, and experiments, that polarization within a spin cluster can be propagated to destination spins with improved efficiency using this approach. Further, we show that a spin system subjected to band-selective recoupling obeys the equation of motion of the reduced spin cluster and that modeling of the polarization transfer process is simplified. Thus, in the important case of peptides and proteins, all of the backbone and side-chain carbonyl spins as well as aromatic spins can be neglected, leading to enhanced transfer efficiency among Cα, Cβ, Cγ, etc. Experimental spectra of [U–13C,15N]-threonine and formyl-[U–13C,15N]-Met-Leu-Phe-OH, indicate that the backbone carbonyl and sidechain aromatic spins can be neglected in the polarization transfer equations. This leads to enhanced transfer efficiencies of up to a factor of ∼2.
Polyhydroxymethylenes as Multifunctional High Molecular Weight Sugar Alcohols Tailored for 3D Printing and Medical Applications (2020)

Front Cover: Polyhydroxymethylene (PHM) represents a high molecular weight sugar alcohol unparalleled in nature and tailored by free radical vinylene carbonate polymerization followed by hydrolysis and aminolysis. Applications of PHM and the corresponding polyhydroxymethylene urethanes include hydrogels, asymmetric membranes, collagen blends, electrospun (nano) fiber nonwovens, and scaffolds with hierarchic pore architectures of interest for regenerative medicine and healthcare. In article number 2000132 by Rolf Mülhaupt and co-workers, PHM and functionalized PHMs as carbohydrateinspired multifunctional materials indicate in vitro biocompatibility which holds great promise for applications in medicine and healthcare.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Painful Hip (2009)

Learning Objectives Describe the systematic approach to evaluate extrinsic versus intrinsic factors of a patient with a painful hip after arthroplasty Describe the evaluation and treatment of the several causes of pain associated with metal-on-metal hip replacements
3D Quantitative Ava: A Model-Based Approach For A Joint In V Ersionof Angle Data (2001)

In order to provide a user guided and quantitative approach to AVA integrated processing, we propose a model-based approach to jointly invertangle-limited stacks. In a first step, we use a multi well calibration analysis to extract a single wavelet for each angle stack volume. Then, we use an elastic inversion approach based on a 3D formalism in which a priori information&lt;br&gt;is provided for each parameter (P- and S-impedance). For both calibration and inversion purposes, the Knott-Zoeppritz equation is used to compute the predicted synthetic data associated to a specific incidence angle. The inversion involves the computation of a global objective function which is minimized in order to compute an optimal model for each elastic parameter. This&lt;br&gt;model best explains the AVA information of the angle stacks and the stratigraphic/petrophysics knowledge introduced through the a priori information. The method is illustrated on a real 3D marine case study.
Semi-classical ensemble Monte Carlo simulator using innovative quantum corrections for nano-scale n-channel FinFETs (2014)

We present a three-dimensional semi-classical ensemble Monte Carlo device simulator with novel quantum corrections. The simulator includes a beyond-Fermi treatment of Pauli-Exclusion-blocked scattering, and a valley-dependent treatment of various quantum confinement effects. Quantum corrections to the potential are used not only to model redistribution of carriers in real space, but also to model altered energy valley offsets and associated redistribution of carriers in k-space, and quantum-confined scattering rates, including a new approach to model surface roughness scattering. We illustrate the capabilities of the simulator using different levels of modeling, with an emphasis on modeling nano-scale FinFETs with degenerate carrier populations, including III-V devices.