gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A connectivity model of the anatomic substrates underlying Gerstmann syndrome (2022)

The Gerstmann syndrome is a constellation of neurological deficits that include agraphia, acalculia, left-right discrimination and finger agnosia. Despite a growing interest in this clinical phenomenon, there remains controversy regarding the specific neuroanatomic substrates involved. Advancements in data-driven, computational modelling provides an opportunity to create a unified cortical model with greater anatomic precision based on underlying structural and functional connectivity across complex cognitive domains. A literature search was conducted for healthy task-based functional MRI and PET studies for the four cognitive domains underlying Gerstmann's tetrad using the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, and BrainMap Sleuth (2.4). Coordinate-based, meta-analytic software was utilized to gather relevant regions of interest from included studies to create an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) map for each cognitive domain. Machine-learning was used to match activated regions of the ALE to the corresponding parcel from the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Diffusion spectrum imaging-based tractography was performed to determine the structural connectivity between relevant parcels in each domain on 51 healthy subjects from the HCP database. Ultimately 102 functional MRI studies met our inclusion criteria. A frontoparietal network was found to be involved in the four cognitive domains: calculation, writing, finger gnosis, and left-right orientation. There were three parcels in the left hemisphere, where the ALE of at least three cognitive domains were found to be overlapping, specifically the anterior intraparietal area, area 7 postcentral (7PC) and the medial intraparietal sulcus. These parcels surround the anteromedial portion of the intraparietal sulcus. Area 7PC was found to be involved in all four domains. These regions were extensively connected in the intraparietal sulcus, as well as with a number of surrounding large-scale brain networks involved in higher-order functions. We present a tractographic model of the four neural networks involved in the functions which are impaired in Gerstmann syndrome. We identified a 'Gerstmann Core' of extensively connected functional regions where at least three of the four networks overlap. These results provide clinically actionable and precise anatomic information which may help guide clinical translation in this region, such as during resective brain surgery in or near the intraparietal sulcus, and provides an empiric basis for future study.
Efficient Transgene Expression in Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., with the Promoter of a Gene for Tobacco Elongation Factor 1 α Protein (2005)

We investigated the usefulness of the promoter of a gene for tobacco elongation factor 1α protein (EF1 α) for transgene expression in the chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). The EF1 α promoter was fused to the β-glucuronidase gene (gus) and introduced into the chrysanthemum. We obtained 238 putative transformants and GUS assay of the leaves of the in vitro plants revealed that 29.0% (69/238) of the putative plants were GUS-positive. The plants in the greenhouse that were 20 months after regeneration still showed a GUS activity in their leaves and petals. The tobacco EF1 α promoter expressed the transgene more efficiently than the 35S promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus and could be used for transgene expression in chrysanthemum.
Annexin A1 suppresses immune responses <i>in vivo</i>. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;) Apoptotic, mOVA-expressing &lt;i&gt;Drosophila&lt;/i&gt; Schneider cells (aS2-mOVA) transfected with annexin A1 (AnxA1) or a control plasmid (Ctrl) were injected into mice. After 8 days, percentages of OVA-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells relative to total CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells in lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. *P&lt;0.05 (n = 5). (&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;) Mice were immunized as in (A) and challenged with OVA/CpG after 10 days. CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cell function was analyzed by an &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; cytolytic assay using OVA-peptide labeled target cells (n = 4–5), *P&lt;0.05. (&lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;) Mice were immunized as in (A). After 12 days, mice were injected with OVA-expressing B16 melanoma cells. Tumor growth was monitored for 4 to 14 days. *P&lt;0.05, **P&lt;0.01 for tumors of mice immunized with annexin A1-expressing apoptotic S2-mOVA cells compared to mice immunized with apoptotic S2-mOVA cells (n = 6). Data are representative of 3 (A) or 2 (B, C) independent experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
On the User Selection for MIMO Broadcast Channels (2008)

In this paper, a downlink communication system, in which a base station (BS) equipped with antennas communicates with users each equipped with receive antennas, is considered. An efficient suboptimum algorithm is proposed for selecting a set of users in order to maximize the sum-rate throughput of the system, in a Rayleigh-fading environment. For the asymptotic case when tends to infinity, the necessary and sufficient conditions in order to achieve the maximum sum-rate throughput, such that the difference between the achievable sum-rate and the maximum value approaches zero, is derived. The complexity of our algorithm is investigated in terms of the required amount of feedback from the users to the BS, as well as the number of searches required for selecting the users. It is shown that the proposed method is capable of achieving a large portion of the sum-rate capacity, with a very low complexity.
Spontaneous In Vitro Immortalization of Breast Epithelial Cells from a Patient with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (1995)

Individuals with germ line mutations in the p53 gene, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), have an increased occurrence of many types of cancer, including an unusually high incidence of breast cancer. This report documents that normal breast epithelial cells obtained from a patient with LFS (with a mutation at codon 133 of the p53 gene) spontaneously immortalized in cell culture while the breast stromal fibroblasts from this same patient did not. Spontaneous immortalization of human cells in vitro is an extremely rare event. This is the first documented case of the spontaneous immortalization of breast epithelial cells from a patient with LFS in culture. LFS patient breast stromal fibroblasts infected with a retroviral vector containing human papillomavirus type 16 E7 alone were able to immortalize, whereas stromal cells obtained from patients with wild-type p53, similarly infected with human papillomavirus type 16 E7, did not. The present results indicate a protective role of normal pRb-like functions in breast stromal fibroblasts but not in breast epithelial cells and reinforces an important role of wild-type p53 in the regulation of the normal growth and development of breast epithelial tissue.
Effects of food nutrient content, insect age and stage in the feeding cycle on the fmrfamide immunoreactivity of diffuse endocrine cells in the locust gut (1998)

We have studied the influence of variations in dietary protein and digestible carbohydrate content, of insect age and of time during the feeding cycle on the endocrine cells of the ampullar region of the midgut in the African migratory locust Locusta migratoria L. Morphometric analysis of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity was used as an indirect measure of the amount of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) stored in the gut endocrine cells. There was a highly significant correlation between FaRP content and the nutritional quality of the food, measured relative to the concentrations and ratio of protein to digestible carbohydrate in a nutritionally optimal diet. The direction of the relationship between FaRP content and diet quality varied with age during the fifth stadium. On day 1, FaRP levels increased with the nutritional quality of the food, while on day 4 the opposite relationship was observed. Release of peptide was triggered by the onset of a meal during ad libitum feeding, with cell FaRP levels returning to premeal values within 15 min of the meal ending. The results also suggested that cell contents were released during food deprivation beyond the normal intermeal interval. Locusts switched for a single meal during ad libitum feeding on day 4 from a low- to a high-carbohydrate food did not respond by reducing endocrine cell FaRP content. Our results show a relationship between the diffuse gut endocrine system and feeding and nutrition in locusts. The ampullar endocrine cells are in three-way contact with the midgut luminal contents, with the primary urine from the Malpighian tubules and with the haemolymph. They are thus ideally positioned to play an integrative receptor-secretory function in the regulation of a variety of post-ingestive processes, such as enzyme secretion, absorption, gut motility or nutrient metabolism.
A Novel Method for Land Vehicle Positioning: Invariant Kalman Filters and Deep-Learning-Based Radar Velocity Estimation (2023)

Autonomous and intelligent vehicles are multi-sensor systems operating in various environments and conditions. Due to their characteristics, inertial measurement units (IMUs) are typically the core component of such systems. However, these sensors rapidly accumulate errors due to biases and noise, degrading the positioning solution. Therefore, this paper presents a positioning solution that only uses three gyroscopes and one radar. The proposed method was tested using low-cost sensors in different scenarios, such as open-sky, urban and indoor areas. The key components of the method are the invariant Kalman filters and the use of deep neural networks to estimate the forward velocity of the car using the radar readings. The method was tested on a custom dataset, and our integrated solution accurately estimates the vehicle's 3D position, velocity, and orientation. We achieved, on average, a 1.45% translational error in the tested scenarios, making the proposed method a robust alternative to current IMU-based positioning methods.
Urea Anions: Simple, Fast, and Selective Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerizations (2017)

Aliphatic polyesters and polycarbonates are a class of biorenewable, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials. One of the most powerful methods for accessing these materials is the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers. Here we report that the deprotonation of ureas generates a class of versatile catalysts that are simultaneously fast and selective for the living ring-opening polymerization of several common monomers, including lactide, δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, a cyclic carbonate, and a cyclic phosphoester. Spanning several orders of magnitude, the reactivities of several diaryl urea anions correlated to the electron-withdrawing substituents on the aryl rings. With the appropriate urea anions, the polymerizations reached high conversions (∼90%) at room temperature within seconds (1-12 s), yielding polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ = 1.06 to 1.14). These versatile catalysts are simple to prepare, easy to use, and exhibit a range of activities that can be tuned for the optimal performance of a broad range of monomers.
Design review of a vacuum cryogenic scatterometer (1990)

This paper reviews design goals for an infrared scatterometer being built to measure cryogenically cooled samples. The instrument, which will be installed in the Optical Characterization Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, will be capable of operation at both 3.39 and 1 0.6 micrometers for both reflective and transmissive samples up to six inches in diameter. BSDF is measured through the specular beam and out to grazing scatter angles. The paper gives simulated instrument signatures obtained in TMA's measurement facility.
Seeing Through your Skin: Recognizing Objects with a Novel Visuotactile Sensor (2021)

We introduce a new class of vision-based sensor and associated algorithmic processes that combine visual imaging with high-resolution tactile sending, all in a uniform hardware and computational architecture. We demonstrate the sensor's efficacy for both multi-modal object recognition and metrology. Object recognition is typically formulated as an unimodal task, but by combining two sensor modalities we show that we can achieve several significant performance improvements. This sensor, named the See-Through-your-Skin sensor (STS), is designed to provide rich multi-modal sensing of contact surfaces. Inspired by recent developments in optical tactile sensing technology, we address a key missing feature of these sensors: the ability to capture a visual perspective of the region beyond the contact surface. Whereas optical tactile sensors are typically opaque, we present a sensor with a semitransparent skin that has the dual capabilities of acting as a tactile sensor and/or as a visual camera depending on its internal lighting conditions. This paper details the design of the sensor, showcases its dual sensing capabilities, and presents a deep learning architecture that fuses vision and touch. We validate the ability of the sensor to classify household objects, recognize fine textures, and infer their physical properties both through numerical simulations and experiments with a smart countertop prototype.
Multi-level Latent Fusion in Learning-based Image Coding (2022)

Learning-based image coding has shown promising results for coding of natural images compared to traditional block-based coding schemes. However, improvements are needed for screen content coding. Most of the popular learning-based coding approaches are based on variational autoencoders employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) which are end-to-end trained on a training dataset. The receptive field area of the latents in these architectures increase based on the down-sampling ratio and the kernel size used in each convolution layer. The latents coded from the last layer therefore have a large receptive field size which may not be optimal to code image sources such as screen content or mixed content containing text, logos and small edges. This paper proposes new methods to adaptively fuse and code the latents from different layers. It enables a novel multi-level receptive field based latent coding architecture to achieve better coding performance for a diverse set of contents. Additionally, Multi-Mixture distribution based entropy modeling of latent features and content adaptive latent refinements in the encoder is proposed to bring more coding gains. The experimental results show that the approach can significantly improve the coding efficiency for screen content with average bitrate savings of36%.
FTIR spectroscopic study on crystallization process of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (1997)

In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were carried out to elucidate conformation changes occurring during the isothermal melt crystallization of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN). Based on the band assignments for the components of the amorphous, α-crystal form, and β-crystal form of PEN in film samples, the in situ data was analyzed in terms of the amorphous- and crystal-trans conformations. It was observed at a higher isothermal crystallization temperature that the formation of amorphous-trans conformations precedes the growth of crystals. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2741–2747, 1997
Lightweight Multi-View 3D Pose Estimation through Camera-Disentangled Representation (2020)

We present a lightweight solution to recover 3D pose from multi-view images captured with spatially calibrated cameras. Building upon recent advances in interpretable representation learning, we exploit 3D geometry to fuse input images into a unified latent representation of pose, which is disentangled from camera view-points. This allows us to reason effectively about 3D pose across different views without using compute-intensive volumetric grids. Our architecture then conditions the learned representation on camera projection operators to produce accurate per-view 2d detections, that can be simply lifted to 3D via a differentiable Direct Linear Transform (DLT) layer. In order to do it efficiently, we propose a novel implementation of DLT that is orders of magnitude faster on GPU architectures than standard SVD-based triangulation methods. We evaluate our approach on two large-scale human pose datasets (H36M and Total Capture): our method outperforms or performs comparably to the state-of-the-art volumetric methods, while, unlike them, yielding real-time performance.
Distributed Asynchonous detection: General models (1987)

We introduce axiomatically, new non-commutative probability models for the data in distributed detection asynchronous schemes. We completely characterize mathematically these models and their representation. They represent extensions of models for communicating asynchronous processes. We provide a general theorem characterizing the representation of data collected by a distributed asynchronous detection scheme. We discuss how this model can be used to obtain performance bounds.
A Mechanistic Understanding of Allosteric Immune Escape Pathways in the HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein (2013)

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) spike, which consists of a compact, heterodimeric trimer of the glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, is the target of neutralizing antibodies. However, the high mutation rate of HIV-1 and plasticity of Env facilitates viral evasion from neutralizing antibodies through various mechanisms. Mutations that are distant from the antibody binding site can lead to escape, probably by changing the conformation or dynamics of Env; however, these changes are difficult to identify and define mechanistically. Here we describe a network analysis-based approach to identify potential allosteric immune evasion mechanisms using three known HIV-1 Env gp120 protein structures from two different clades, B and C. First, correlation and principal component analyses of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified a high degree of long-distance coupled motions that exist between functionally distant regions within the intrinsic dynamics of the gp120 core, supporting the presence of long-distance communication in the protein. Then, by integrating MD simulations with network theory, we identified the optimal and suboptimal communication pathways and modules within the gp120 core. The results unveil both strain-dependent and -independent characteristics of the communication pathways in gp120. We show that within the context of three structurally homologous gp120 cores, the optimal pathway for communication is sequence sensitive, i.e. a suboptimal pathway in one strain becomes the optimal pathway in another strain. Yet the identification of conserved elements within these communication pathways, termed inter-modular hotspots, could present a new opportunity for immunogen design, as this could be an additional mechanism that HIV-1 uses to shield vulnerable antibody targets in Env that induce neutralizing antibody breadth.
Security Evaluation of WDDL and SecLib Countermeasures against Power Attacks (2008)

Logic styles with constant power consumption are promising solutions to counteract side-channel attacks on sensitive cryptographic devices. Recently, one vulnerability has been identified in a standard-cell-based power-constant logic called WDDL. Another logic, nicknamed SecLib, is considered and does not present the flaw of WDDL. In this paper, we evaluate the security level of WDDL and SecLib. The methodology consists in embedding in a dedicated circuit one unprotected DES coprocessor along with two others, implemented in WDDL and in SecLib. One essential part of this paper is to describe the conception of the cryptographic ASIC, devised to foster side-channel cryptanalyses, in a view to model the strongest possible attacker. The same analyses are carried out successively on the three DES modules. We conclude that, provided that the back-end of the WDDL module is carefully designed, its vulnerability cannot be exploited by the state-of-the-art attacks. Similarly, the SecLib DES module resists all assaults. However, using a principal component analysis, we show that WDDL is more vulnerable than SecLib. The statistical dispersion of WDDL, which reflects the correlation between the secrets and the power dissipation, is proved to be an order of magnitude higher than that of SecLib.
Einzel Lens (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Experimental Transmission and Electron Microscopic Demonstration of the Virus of Haemorrhagic Disease of Rabbits in Czechoslovakia (1989)

Intramuscular administration of the filtrate of organ suspensions, prepared from a dead rabbit, killed 62.9% of inoculated rabbits within 1 to 5 days, while 93.3% died after intranasal administration of the same inoculum. The virus survived freeze-drying and was resistant to treatment with 0.4% formaldehyde when incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hour and 4 degrees C for the subsequent 12 hours, but lost its infectivity when the treatment was prolonged to 3 hours at 37 degrees C and 3 days at room temperature. Its infectivity was also inhibited by reconvalescent serum. The virus could not be detected after 3 passages in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures. Electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations demonstrated icosahedral virus particles with a diameter of 29 to 33 nm without an envelope. Accurate morphological classification has not yet been completed. Incubation with a reconvalescent serum, diluted 1:20 or 1:40, resulted in the formation of immune complexes, detectable by electron microscopy.
Clustered Shrinkage Pores in Ill-Conditioned Aluminum Alloy Die Castings (2010)

The geometric features of clustered shrinkage pores (CSP) in ill-conditioned aluminum alloy die castings were revealed and their effect on the fatigue strength was discussed. To obtain the geometric features of CSP, an observation using a commercial microfocus X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) system was carried out and the position and size of CSP were confirmed. However, the detailed geometry of the CSP could not be clearly observed by X-ray CT, because each pore in the CSP was too small to observe owing to the insufficient resolution of the CT image. We developed a serial sectioning system with a polishing machine and an optical microscope. Observation using the serial sectioning system clearly showed that a CSP consists of many interconnected small pores, which formed an extremely complicated shape. The CSP was thought to grow from relatively large gas pores, which connect to small pores and consequently generate a cavity with a huge volume and a complicated geometry. The complex geometry of CSP resulted in the concentration of stress around CSP, and significantly undermines mechanical properties such as tensile strength and fatigue strength.