gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Hemodialysis and Post-Dialysis Period on Granular Activity Levels (2019)

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is typically lower on hemodialysis (HD) days. Albeit intradialytic inactivity is expected, it is unknown whether recovery after HD contributes to low PA. We investigated the impact of HD and post-HD period on granular PA relative to HD timing.Methods We used baseline data from the HDFIT trial conducted from August 2016 to October 2017. Accelerometry measured PA over one week in patients who received thrice-weekly high-flux HD (vintage 3 to 24 months), were clinically stable, and had no ambulatory limitations. PA was assessed on HD days (0 to ≤24 hours after start HD), first non-HD days (&gt;24 to ≤48 hours after start HD) and second non-HD day (&gt;48 to ≤72 hours after start HD). PA was recorded in blocks/slices: 4 hours during HD, 0 to ≤2 hours post-HD (30 minute slices), and &gt;2 to ≤20 hours post-HD (4.5 hour slices). Blocks/slices of PA were captured at concurrent/parallel times on first/second non-HD days compared to HD days.Results Among 195 patients (mean age 53±15 years, 71% male), step counts per 24-hours were 3919±2899 on HD days, 5308±3131 on first non-HD days (p&lt;0.001), and 4926±3413 on second non-HD days (p=0.032). During concurrent/parallel times to HD on first and second non-HD days, patients took 1308 and 1128 more steps (both p&lt;0.001). Patients took 276 more steps and had highest rates of steps/hour 2-hours post-HD versus same times on first non-HD days (all p&lt;0.05). Consistent findings were observed on second non-HD days.Conclusions PA was higher within 2-hours of HD versus same times on non-HD days. Lower PA on HD days was attributable to intradialytic inactivity. The established PA profiles are of importance to the design and development of exercise programs that aim to increase activity during and between HD treatments.
An Overview of Machine Learning-Based Techniques for Solving Optimization Problems in Communications and Signal Processing (2021)

Despite the growing interest in the interplay of machine learning and optimization, existing contributions remain scattered across the research board, and a comprehensive overview on such reciprocity still lacks at this stage. In this context, this paper visits one particular direction of interplay between learning-driven solutions and optimization, and further explicates the subject matter with a clear background and summarized theory. For instance, machine learning and its offsprings are trending because of their enhanced capabilities in automating analytical modeling. In this realm, learning-based techniques (supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement) have grown to complement many of the optimization problems in testing and training. This paper overviews how machine learning-based techniques, namely deep neural networks, echo-state networks, reinforcement learning, and federated learning, can be used to solve complex and analytically intractable optimization problems, for which specific cases are examined in this paper. The paper particularly overviews when learning-based algorithms are useful at solving particular optimizing problems, especially those of random, dynamic, and mathematically complex nature. The paper then illustrates such applications by presenting particular use-cases in communications and signal processing including wireless scheduling, wireless offloading and resource management, power control, aerial base station placement, virtual reality, and vehicular networks. Lastly, the paper sheds light on some future research directions, where the dynamicity and randomness of the underlying optimization problems make deep learning-driven techniques a necessity, namely in sensing at the terahertz (THz) bands, cellular vehicle-to-everything, 6G communication networks, underwater optical networks, distributed optimization, and applications of emerging learning-based techniques.
The Treatment of Vertebral and Chest Wall Deformities With Expandable Thoracoplasty and a Prosthetic Expandable Implant (2010)

The GSP was effective in the maintenance of deformity, while providing a moderate complication rate. Further studies need to be performed to determine the safety and efficacy of this implant.
Nuclear‐Cytoskeletal interactions: Evidence for physical connections between the nucleus and cell periphery and their alteration by transformation (1992)

The overall coordination of cell structure and function that results in gene expression requires a spatial and temporal precision that would be unobtainable in the absence of structural order within the cell. Cells contain extensive and elaborate three-dimensional skeletal networks that form integral structural components of the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. These skeletal networks form a dynamic tissue matrix are composed of the nuclear matrix, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix. The tissue matrix is an interactive network which undergoes dynamic changes as cells move and change shape. Pathologists have long recognized cancer in pathologic specimens based on the altered morphology of tumor cells compared to their normal counterparts. The structural order of cells appears to be altered in transformed cells. This structural order is reflected in the altered morphology and motility observed in transformed cells compared to their normal counterparts, however, it is unclear whether the structural changes observed in cancer cells have any functional significance. We report here on the nature of the physical connections between the nucleus and cell periphery in nontransformed cells and demonstrate that the nucleus is dynamically coupled to the cell periphery via actin microfilaments. We also demonstrate that the dynamic coupling of the nucleus to the cell periphery via actin microfilaments is altered in Kirsten-ras transformed rat kidney epithelial cells. This loss of structure-function relationship may be an important factor in the process of cell transformation.
Exploiting nonsystematic covariate monitoring to broaden the scope of evidence about the causal effects of adaptive treatment strategies (2020)

In studies based on electronic health records (EHR), the frequency of covariate monitoring can vary by covariate type, across patients, and over time, which can limit the generalizability of inferences about the effects of adaptive treatment strategies. In addition, monitoring is a health intervention in itself with costs and benefits, and stakeholders may be interested in the effect of monitoring when adopting adaptive treatment strategies. This paper demonstrates how to exploit nonsystematic covariate monitoring in EHR-based studies to both improve the generalizability of causal inferences and to evaluate the health impact of monitoring when evaluating adaptive treatment strategies. Using a real world, EHR-based, comparative effectiveness research (CER) study of patients with type II diabetes mellitus, we illustrate how the evaluation of joint dynamic treatment and static monitoring interventions can improve CER evidence and describe two alternate estimation approaches based on inverse probability weighting (IPW). First, we demonstrate the poor performance of the standard estimator of the effects of joint treatment-monitoring interventions, due to a large decrease in data support and concerns over finite-sample bias from near-violations of the positivity assumption (PA) for the monitoring process. Second, we detail an alternate IPW estimator using a no direct effect assumption. We demonstrate that this estimator can improve efficiency but at the potential cost of increase in bias from violations of the PA for the treatment process.
Toothed Mid-Infrared Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguides (2011)

We fabricate subwavelength varying periodicity toothed metal-insulator-metal waveguides for mid-infrared frequencies. The transmission spectra of these structures for TM and TE polarized light is investigated, and our results compared to numerical simulations.
Counting and sizing of particles and particle agglomerates in a microfluidic device using laser light scattering: application to a particle-enhanced immunoassay (2003)

A microfluidic device for counting and sizing particles and particle agglomerates based on laser light scattering is demonstrated. The particles were confined hydrodynamically and passed through a focused laser beam. Scattering at two different angles, 15 degree and 45 degree, was detected. At an acquisition rate of 10 kHz, a throughput of 150 particles s(-1) was achieved. Scattering intensity was found to depend on particle volume for 2 to 9 microm diameter particles. Size discrimination of particles with a diameter ratio of 1: 2 was accomplished. In addition, the scattering signals of particle agglomerates formed in a particle-enhanced immunoassay for C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Scattering intensity was found to be dependent on the CRP concentration, 100 ng CRP per mL could be detected. The particle counting method presented is generic and can be employed in a wide variety of assays as well as for cell counting and particle counting.
The Effect of a Combined Glenoid and Hill-Sachs Defect on Glenohumeral Stability (2015)

Bipolar bony lesions of the glenoid and humeral head occur frequently together in clinical practice. Surgeons should be aware that the combined defects and glenoid bone loss of 2 to 4 mm or approximately 8% to 15% of the glenoid could compromise Bankart repair and thus may require surgical strategies in addition to traditional Bankart repair alone to optimize stability.
[Successful treatment with drainage of hematoma and chemotherapy in a case of Burkitt leukemia presenting with subdural hematoma]. (2005)

A 53-year-old male was admitted because of pancytopenia and chronic subdural hematoma. Bone marrow was hypercellular with 97% blasts, which expressed CD10, CD19, CD20, and immunoglobulin mu and gamma chains on the cell surface and had chromosomal abnormalities including t(8 ; 22)(q24 ; q11). The patient was diagnosed as having Burkitt leukemia. Because hemiplegia and disturbance of consciousness developed rapidly, the patient was treated with an emergency drainage operation followed by Hyper-CVAD therapy and achieved a sustained complete remission. Dural infiltration of leukemic cells as well as thrombocytopenia was implicated in the pathogenesis of the subdural hematoma, which contained numerous blasts.
Carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution with inequality constraints for GPS and Galileo (2011)

Galileo and GPS receivers can measure the carrier phases with millimeter accuracy. However, the carrier phases are periodic which requires the resolution of an integer ambiguity for each satellite. This paper provides two new constrained integer least-squares estimators that include some a priori knowledge on the relative receiver position in spherical coordinates: a maximum a posteriori probability estimator and an inequality constrained integer ambiguity resolution. The latter one uses a polynomial barrier function. Both estimators enable a significant reduction of the integer search space, a substantial improvement in the float ambiguity estimates, and thereby, a higher probability of correct integer ambiguity resolution.
Rapid formation of multicellular spheroids in double-emulsion droplets with controllable microenvironment (2013)

An attractive option for tissue engineering is to use of multicellular spheroids as microtissues, particularly with stem cell spheroids. Conventional approaches of fabricating spheroids suffer from low throughput and polydispersity in size, and fail to supplement cues from extracellular matrix (ECM) for enhanced differentiation. In this study, we report the application of microfluidics-generated water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double-emulsion (DE) droplets as pico-liter sized bioreactor for rapid cell assembly and well-controlled microenvironment for spheroid culture. Cells aggregated to form size-controllable (30-80 μm) spheroids in DE droplets within 150 min and could be retrieved via a droplet-releasing agent. Moreover, precursor hydrogel solution can be adopted as the inner phase to produce spheroid-encapsulated microgels after spheroid formation. As an example, the encapsulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) spheroids in alginate and alginate-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (-RGD) microgel was demonstrated, with enhanced osteogenic differentiation further exhibited in the latter case.
Cognitive intelligence in UAC channel parameter identification, measurement, estimation, and environment mapping (2009)

The recent growing interest in underwater acoustic communication (UAC) requires an in depth understanding of a vast and diverse water medium. The UAC channel presents many difficulties such as high frequency, time, and space selectivity, frequency dependent noise, and significant range and band limitation on transmission. The traditional channel parameter measurement and estimation methods may not be sufficient and sometimes inapplicable to UAC, as many of the underwater situations are beyond human reach. This paper will first identify and classify the UAC channel environment, its parameters, parameter measurement and estimation methods. Then two novel cognitive intelligent algorithms will be presented to measure and estimate the parameters and map them to appropriate UAC channel environment models. To the best knowledge of the authors, the concept of cognitive intelligence (CI) and the proposed CI algorithms in UAC channel parameter measurement, estimation, and mapping ha ve not been addressed in literature to current date. Thus this research presents a pioneering work in this domain.
Interactions Between a Minimal Protein Serine/Threonine Phosphatase and Its Phosphopeptide Substrate Sequence (1996)

The protein phosphatase encoded by coliphage lambda (PPlambda) was found to be the equivalent of the minimal catalytic core of serine/threonine protein phosphatases (PP) by biochemical and mutational criteria. Bacterially expressed truncated versions of PP1 and PP5 phosphatases, representing the catalytic cores homologous to PPlambda, exhibited potent phosphatase activity. Unlike full-length PP1, but like PPlambda, the recombinant cores could use casein, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and a wide variety of peptides as substrates and were resistant to okadaic acid, microcystin-LR, and trypsin. Mutations of His173, Asp208, or Arg221 had little effect on the activity of the PP1 core protein, indicating its closer identity with PPlambda than with full-length PP1. Terminal deletions of a few amino acids of the cores destroyed their activity, supporting their minimal nature. Analysis of PPlambda mutants suggested an influence of the substrate on metal ion binding. The minimal length of a phosphopeptide substrate of PPlambda appeared to be a phosphorylated serine/threonine flanked by 1 or 2 amino acid residues on either side, the N-terminal ones being more effective.
A porcine macrophage cell line that supports high levels of replication of OURT88/3, an attenuated strain of African swine fever virus (2020)

The main target cells for African swine fever virus (ASFV) replication in pigs are of monocyte macrophage lineage and express markers typical of the intermediate to late stages of differentiation. The lack of a porcine cell line, which accurately represents these target cells, limits research on virus host interactions and the development of live-attenuated vaccine strains. We show here that the continuously growing, growth factor dependent ZMAC-4 porcine macrophage cell line is susceptible to infection with eight different field isolates of ASFV. Replication in ZMAC-4 cells occurred with similar kinetics and to similar high titres as in primary porcine bone marrow cells. In addition we showed that twelve passages of an attenuated strain of ASFV, OURT88/3, in ZMAC-4 cells did not reduce the ability of this virus to induce protection against challenge with virulent virus. Thus, the ZMAC-4 cells provide an alternative to primary cells for ASFV replication.
Drainage from a Fluid-Handling Component Due to Centrifugal Acceleration (2018)

The onset of drainage of liquids from plastic tubes was evaluated. One end of the tubes was plugged, filled with liquid, oriented horizontally, and attached to a rotor. With their open end facing outward, the filled tubes were spun at progressively higher speeds until they began to drain. Resistance to drainage was independent of the tube length, but depended on the surface tension and density of the liquids as well as the diameter and wettability of the tubing. We found that the onset of drainage could be explained in terms of a critical centrifugal acceleration.
Analysis of Time-Resolved Donor–Acceptor Photoluminescence of N-Doped ZnO (2006)

The wide-gap semiconductor ZnO has a band gap of ’3:3 eV at room temperature and is of current interest due to its potential optoelectronic applications. Since undoped ZnO is known to be grown under fairly high residual n-type, the trial of the p-type doping generally tends to result in an observation of the photoluminescence (PL) of donor–acceptor pair (DAP) bands. The optical properties of the DAP emissions have not been fully understood. In a previous report, we described the growth and the steady-state PL properties of ZnO:N epitaxial layers grown by repeated temperature modulation (RTM) epitaxy. Evidence of p-type conductivity for RTM-grown ZnO:N has been accumulated from a variety of experimental results, such as the Hall-effect and electroluminescence measurements in a p–n juction structure. For the analysis of PL peak energy and excitation-induced peak shift on p-type ZnO, we took the effect of donor wavefunction overlapping and the fact of impurity distribution inhomogeneity into account by adopting the fluctuation theory developed by Kuskovsky et al. Using this theory, we were able to consistently explain the excitation-intensity dependences of the PL properties of ZnO:N grown with three different techniques and conditions. In this short communication, we report on the analysis of the time-resolved PL (TRPL) spectra taken for the RTMgrown sample at an intermediate doping level to experimentally detemine the transition probability of the DAP (being W0) by using all the other material parameters that have been deduced in our previous work. It should be noted that the recombination dynamics of the DAPs has been studied for ZnO:N within the low-doping regime, where the approach of Thomas, Hopfield, and Augustyniak (THA) is still valid. The doped epilayer was grown by the RTM epitaxy on a lattice-matched ScAlMgO4 (SCAM) substrate. 7) The detailed methods of fabrication have been given elsewhere. Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) yielded a total nitrogen concentration [N] of 6 10 cm . Our ZnO:N sample dominantly showed the DAP band (D being a shallow donor) with zero-phonon energies of 3:235 eV, a donor activation energy of ED 1⁄4 60meV, and an acceptor activation energy of EA 1⁄4 171meV at 5K. These have been already determined from the energy of the bound exciton line (unchanged from that for undoped samples) and the excitation-intensity dependence of the PL. In addition, the energy of EA has turned out to be almost independent of the nitrogen concentration. For the time-resolved experiments, pulsed excitation was provided by the frequency-doubled beam of a picosecond mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (360 nm, 2 ps). Here, we focus our attention to experimental total-lightdecay data (a spectrally integrated PL decay curve), because one can fit to the data with a smaller number of running parameters than the case of spectrally resolved decay curves, i.e., EA, ED, and ðNA NDÞ (acceptor and donor concentrations). Irrespective of the model adopted, in both cases of the theories of THA and of the fluctuation, the intensity IðtÞ of light emitted at time t is
Distributed Mechanical Parameters of Loudspeakers, Part 2: Diagnostics (2009)

Distributed mechanical parameters describe the vibration and geometry of the sound-radiating surface of loudspeaker drive units. These data are the basis for predicting the sound pressure output and a decomposition of the total vibration into modal and sound pressure- related components. This analysis separates acoustical from mechanical problems, shows the relationship to the geometry and material properties, and gives indications for practical improvement. A new kind of loudspeaker diagnostic becomes possible, and a step-by-step methodology is developed. Common problems are discussed in relation to design choices.
Non-PGM cathode catalysts for fuel cell application derived from heat treated heteroatomic amines precursors (2023)

A method of preparing M-N--C catalysts utilizing a sacrificial support approach and inexpensive and readily available polymer precursors as the source of nitrogen and carbon is disclosed. Exemplary polymer precursors include non-porphyrin precursors with no initial catalytic activity. Examples of suitable non-catalytic non-porphyrin precursors include, but are not necessarily limited to low molecular weight precursors that form complexes with iron such as 4-aminoantipirine, phenylenediamine, hydroxysuccinimide, ethanolamine, and the like.
Immunization with recombinantTrypanosoma cruziribosomal P2β protein induces changes in the electrocardiogram of immunized mice (1997)

Molecular expression cloning techniques revealed that patients with severe chronic Chagas heart disease showed a strong humoral response against the cloned C-terminal portion of the Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P2beta protein, previously named JL5. The main linear epitope of this polypeptide was mapped to the 13 C-terminal amino acid sequence EEEDDDMGFGLFD (named R13), which is almost identical to the mammalian ribosomal P consensus sequence EESDDDMGFGLFD (named H13). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements demonstrated that sera from patients with chronic Chagas heart disease presented a very specific anti-P humoral response with high anti-R13, but low H13 antibody levels. We attempted to develop an animal model that would reproduce, at least partially, two features of the human infection: (1) the serological pattern of the anti-P response, and (2) specific cardiac symptoms. To this effect, mice were immunized with T. cruzi P2beta recombinant protein. Immunization reproduced the typical anti-P antibody profile defined for chronic infections, but did not induce cardiac inflammatory lesions. However, it altered significantly the electrocardiograms of immunized mice. It is suggested that this assay represents a functional test for assessing the biological activity of antibodies against T. cruzi ribosomal P protein on cardiac muscle.
The Evaluation of FFR for Interference Management in Coordinated Hybrid Terrestrial-Aerial Network (2019)

Recent works have tried to incorporate unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) base stations in conventional networks, however, the inter-cell interference mitigation techniques for such networks have not been studied comprehensively. In this paper, we consider a new heterogeneous cellular network, where terrestrial base stations (TBSs) and low altitude platforms (LAPs) collaborate to construct a hybrid network. We believe that it can serve as the stepping stone to a full-fledged coordinated multi-point implementation for 5G and beyond networks. The proposed network is simple, open to improvement and also makes use of available TBS. It promises to increase minimum signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) value of users and also overall throughput by using fractional frequency reuse. The hovering LAP is used for edge users that have lower SIR than TBSs threshold. Furthermore, we simulated a few scenarios, analyzed the effect of radius and UAV altitude, found optimum values for both.