gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Betulinic Acid Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Structure Activity Relationship (2006)

Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene, is widely distributed throughout the tropics. It possesses several biological properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiseptic, antimalarial, spermicidal, antimicrobial, antileshmanial, antihelmentic and antifeedent activities. However, betulinic acid was highly regarded for its anticancer and anti-HIV activities. Anticancer role of betulinic acid appeared by inducing apoptosis in cells irrespective of their p53 status. Due to high order safety in betulinic acid, a number of structural modifications carried out to improve its potency and efficacy. The C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-20 and C-28 positions are the diversity centers in betulinic acid, and the derivatives resulted on various structural modifications at these positions screened for their anticancer activity. This review presents the structure activity relationship carried out on C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-20, C-28, A-ring, D-ring and E-ring modified betulinic acid derivatives. We have compiled the most active betulinic acid derivatives along with their activity profile in each series. Structure activity relationship studies revealed that C-28 carboxylic acid was essential for the cytotoxicity. The halo substituent at C-2 position in betulinic acid enhanced the cytotoxicity. Though the relation of the cytotoxicity with the nature of substituents at C-3 position could not be generalized but the ester functionality appeared to be a better substituent for enhancing the cytotoxicity. An interesting observation is that the three rings skeleton (A, B and C rings) had played an important role in eliciting anticancer activity, which could be a new molecular skeleton to design new anticancer drugs.
Retinal functional ultrasound imaging (rfUS) for assessing neurovascular alterations: a pilot study on a rat model of dementia (2022)

Fifty million people worldwide are affected by dementia, a heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition encompassing diseases such as Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's. For them, cognitive decline is often the first marker of the pathology after irreversible brain damage has already occurred. Researchers now believe that structural and functional alterations of the brain vasculature could be early precursors of the diseases and are looking at how functional imaging could provide an early diagnosis years before irreversible clinical symptoms. In this preclinical pilot study, we proposed using functional ultrasound (fUS) on the retina to assess neurovascular alterations non-invasively, bypassing the skull limitation. We demonstrated for the first time the use of functional ultrasound in the retina and applied it to characterize the retinal hemodynamic response function in vivo in rats following a visual stimulus. We then demonstrated that retinal fUS could measure robust neurovascular coupling alterations between wild-type rats and TgF344-AD rat models of Alzheimer's disease. We observed an average relative increase in blood volume of 21% in the WT versus 37% for the TG group (p = 0.019). As a portable, non-invasive and inexpensive technique, rfUS is a promising functional screening tool in clinics for dementia years before symptoms.
A scalable architecture for maintaining packet latency measurements (2012)

Latency has become an important metric for network monitoring since the emergence of new latency-sensitive applications (e.g., algorithmic trading and high-performance computing). In this paper, to provide latency measurements at both finer (e.g., packet) as well as flexible (e.g., flow subsets) levels of granularity, we propose an architecture called MAPLE that essentially stores packet-level latencies in routers and allows network operators to query the latency of arbitrary traffic sub-populations. MAPLE is built using a scalable data structure called SVBF with small storage needs.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-7 from Epratuzumab–SN-38: A New Antibody–Drug Conjugate for the Therapy of Hematologic Malignancies (2023)

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Biomass Utilisation Strategies for Applications in Novel Polymer and Polymer Resin Production (2017)

The synthesis and full characterisation, including in one case via single crystal X-ray diffraction, of two novel bio-derived aromatic monomers are reported. These materials, incorporating a Eugenol or Vanillin molecular skeleton are modified to incorporate diol chains obtained from reaction with glycerine carbonate. They are further characterised by the presence of other groups (e.g., allyl) which are also capable of engendering polymerisation. Facile heat induced self-polymerization is noted in one of the new monomers. The compounds are further tested in block co-polymer synthesis and found to form blocks with simple co-monomers such as succinic acid.
Stenting the Urinary System (2004)

INTRODUCTIONUrological Stents: Material, Mechanical and Functional Classification, M.J. Slepian and D. YachiaEvaluating New Medical Technologies: Issues and Opportunities, J.E. AbeleHISTORY OF STENTSHistory of Ureteral and Urethral Stenting: 1870-1990, J.J. MattelaerThe Double-J: Then and Now, T. MackHistory of Wallstent, H. Wallsen, C. Knight, A. Eldin, and M. MilroyFrom Prostakath to Memokath, H. Harboe and J. NordlingHistory of UroCoil and ProstaCoil Stents, D. YachiaHistory and Status of Bioabsorbable and Biodegradable Materials in Urology, M. TaljaRadiation Protection of Patients and Personnel During Urological Stenting, G. Baral and I. Ben-HasidSTENT MATERIALSCharacteristics of Materials Used in Implants: Metals, I. GotmanCharacteristics of Materials Used in Implants: Polymers,M.J. Slepian and S.F.A. HossainyBioabsorbable Materials in Urology, T. Valimaa and P. TormalaEVALUATION OF STENTSMethods of Testing the Biocompatibility of Implantable Medical Devices, M. TaljaElasticity of Radiopaque Ureteral Stents, P.V. Surikov, V.N. Kuleznev, and S.S. ZenkovINFECTION AND ENCRUSTATIONS ON STENTSSurface Modification of Polymeric and Metal Stents Coming Into Contact with Blood or Urine, S.D. Tong Encrustation and Microbial Adhesion on Stents: Current Understanding of Biofilm, J.D. Watterson, D.T. Beiko, and J.D. DenstedtBacterial Adherence to Hydrophilic-coated Polymer Stents, B. Jansen, W. Kohnen, and D. FilippasBacterial Adhesion to Biogradable Stents, A. PetasUrinary Tract Infection in Patients with Urethral Stents, D. Hassin, V. Istomin, B. Shohat, M. Kaufstein, and D. YachiaHow to Prevent Encrustations on Metallic Stents, Z. MarkovicURETERAL STENTS: UROLOGICAL DISEASESOptimal Management of the Obstructed Kidney: Stent versus Nephrostomy, M.S. Pearle and G.M. WatsonDouble-J (JJ) Stents Versus Nephrostomy Tube Drainage, G.M. WilsonTricks for Stenting the Obstructed Ureter, D. Eiley and A.D. SmithNon-refluxing Ureteral Stents, M. AhmadzadehUse of Pyelo-ureteral DD Stents in Children, U. Friedrich and R. VetterDesign Faults in Currently Available Ureteric Stents, S.K.S. Choong, H.N. Whitfield, and A. PetrikMinimally Invasive Ureteric Stent Retrieval, W. Taylor Endo-urological Evaluation and Management of the 'Forgotten' Indwelling Ureteral Stent, R.J. LeveilleeStenosis: Is Surgery Better Than the Endoscopic Approach H.P. Beerlage and J.J.M.C.H. de la RosetteStenting After Antegrade and Retrograde Endopyelotomy, R. Marcovich and A.D. SmithStenting After Endopyelotomy in Children, N. Rodrigues Netto, Jr and M. Lopes de LimaESWL: To Stent or Not To Stent F.A.G. Bloem and J.J.M.C.H. de la RosetteUretero-intestinal Stricture Stenting, Z. Markovic and S. PerovicMetallic Stents in the Management of Ureteric Obstruction, R. KulkarniA Stent/Nephrostome for the Management of Post-renal Transplantation Complications, M.F. Trapeznikova and S.B. UrenkovRecanalization of Metal Ureteral Stents Obliterated by Proliferative Tissue, Z. MarkovicUreteric
Evaluation of a Scanned Laser Display as an Alternative Low Vision Computer Interface (1999)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. Kleweno, E. Seibel, K. Kloeckner, E. Viirre, and T. A. Furness, "Evaluation of a Scanned Laser Display as an Alternative Low Vision Computer Interface," in Vision Science and its Applications, 1999 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper SaE5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
QUANTITATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES IN HUMAN BONE MARROW BY A LIMITING DILUTION ASSAY (1985)

A limiting-dilution microculture assay (LDMA) for quantitation of T lymphocytes in human bone marrow is described. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-responsive T cells are maintained in interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing medium with feeder cells in a total volume of 20 microliter. After 16 days of culture, each well is scored by microscopic examination as positive or negative based on the presence or absence of cell growth. A limiting dilution analysis of the relationship between the number of cells seeded per well and the fraction of wells without growth demonstrate that the data are consistent with single-hit kinetics. Minimum chi square statistics were used to establish the line of best fit to calculate the T lymphocyte frequency in a sample. This method for enumeration of T cells was applied to untreated samples of bone marrow, soybean-agglutinin-negative (SBA-) marrow, and soybean-agglutinin-negative marrow cells subjected to a single sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette (SBA-E-) or double SRBC rosette (SBA-E-E-) depletion. It was demonstrated that the LDMA can detect as few as 4.3 X 10(5) T cells in a total of 10(9) bone marrow mononuclear cells. The assay system also allows for a comparison of T lymphocytes in the untreated marrow with the T-cell-depleted marrow samples. The mean number of T cells in untreated marrow was 1 X 10(9) and in T-cell-depleted samples 4.3 X 10(5). This corresponds to a 3.5 log or 99.96% reduction in total T cell number by the SBA-E-rosette technique. The phenotypic analysis of single positive wells as well as pooled cells from all positive wells indicate that at least 95% of the wells scored microscopically as positive for T cell growth did in fact contain T cells. The assay requires only 1 X 10(6) mononuclear cells for complete analysis and, therefore, compares favorably with previously published methods.
Scintillation properties of organic–inorganic layered perovskite nanocrystals in glass (2020)

We fabricated organic–inorganic perovskite nanocrystals in nanoporous glasses (OIPiG) where (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbBr4 (Phe) was incorporated into about 4 nm diameter pores and evaluated their photoluminescence and scintillation properties, compared with the Phe single crystal. Both the samples showed emissions due to the recombination of free excitons in the inorganic layer under 280 nm excitation light. In scintillation, a weak and broad scintillation peak possibly due to the free excitons and bound excitons was observed in the OIPiG, while the Phe single crystal showed efficient scintillation due to free exciton emissions with a peak approximately at 435 nm. The scintillation decay time constant (4.4 ns) due to the free excitons for the OIPiG was found to be faster than that (6.6 ns) for the Phe single crystal. In addition, the afterglow levels were confirmed to be 340 ppm for the OIPiG and 20 ppm for the Phe single crystal. The afterglow level of the OIPiG was higher than that of the Phe single crystal but was almost equivalent to that for the commonly used inorganic scintillator CsI:Tl.
Privacy-Preserving Resilience of Cyber-Physical Systems to Adversaries (2020)

A cyber-physical system (CPS) is expected to be resilient to more than one type of adversary. In this paper, we consider a CPS that has to satisfy a linear temporal logic (LTL) objective in the presence of two kinds of adversaries. The first adversary has the ability to tamper with inputs to the CPS to influence satisfaction of the LTL objective. The interaction of the CPS with this adversary is modeled as a stochastic game. We synthesize a controller for the CPS to maximize the probability of satisfying the LTL objective under any policy of this adversary. The second adversary is an eavesdropper who can observe labeled trajectories of the CPS generated from the previous step. It could then use this information to launch other kinds of attacks. A labeled trajectory is a sequence of labels, where a label is associated to a state and is linked to the satisfaction of the LTL objective at that state. We use differential privacy to quantify the indistinguishability between states that are related to each other when the eavesdropper sees a labeled trajectory. Two trajectories of equal length will be differentially private if they are differentially private at each state along the respective trajectories. We use a skewed Kantorovich metric to compute distances between probability distributions over states resulting from actions chosen according to policies from related states in order to quantify differential privacy. Moreover, we do this in a manner that does not affect the satisfaction probability of the LTL objective. We validate our approach on a simulation of a UAV that has to satisfy an LTL objective in an adversarial environment.
Effect of anti-biofilm glass–ionomer cement on Streptococcus mutans biofilms (2016)

Dental restorative materials with antimicrobial properties can inhibit bacterial colonization, which may result in a reduction of caries at tooth-filling interaction zones. This study aimed to develop antibacterial glass-ionomer cements (GIC) containing a quaternary ammonium monomer (dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate, DMADDM), and to investigate their effect on material performance and antibacterial properties. Different mass fractions (0, 1.1% and 2.2%) of DMADDM were incorporated into the GIC. The flexure strength, surface charge density, surface roughness and fluoride release were tested. A Streptococcus mutans biofilm model was used. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) staining was used to analyze the inhibitory effect of DMADDM on the biofilm matrix. In addition, biofilm metabolic activity, lactic acid metabolism and the expression of glucosyltransferase genes gtfB, gtfC and gtfD were measured. GIC containing 1.1% and 2.2% DMADDM had flexural strengths matching those of the commercial control (P>0.1). DMADDM was able to increase the surface charge density but reduced surface roughness (P<0.05). The incorporation of 1.1% and 2.2% DMADDM elevated the release of fluoride by the GIC in the first 2 days (P<0.05). The novel DMADDM-modified GIC significantly reduced biofilm metabolic activity (P<0.05) and decreased lactic acid production (P<0.05). The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that the expression of gtfB, gtfC and gtfD decreased when mass fractions of DMADDM increased (P<0.05). EPS staining showed that both the bacteria and EPS in biofilm decreased in the DMADDM groups. The incorporation of DMADDM could modify the properties of GIC to influence the development of S. mutans biofilms. In this study, we investigated the interface properties of antibacterial materials for the first time. GIC containing DMADDM can improve material performance and antibacterial properties and may contribute to the better management of secondary caries.
Micellar nanoformulation of lipophilized bortezomib: high drug loading, improved tolerability and targeted treatment of triple negative breast cancer (2017)

Lipophilization of bortezomib with pinanediol enables efficacious drug loading and targeted tumor chemotherapy with reduction-sensitive self-crosslinked micellar systems.
Measurement and modeling of the multiwavelength optical properties of uncoated flame-generated soot (2018)

Abstract. Optical properties of flame-generated black carbon (BC) containing soot particles were quantified at multiple wavelengths for particles produced using two different flames: a methane diffusion flame and an ethylene premixed flame. Measurements were made for (i) nascent soot particles, (ii) thermally denuded nascent particles, and (iii) particles that were coated and then thermally denuded, leading to the collapse of the initially lacy, fractal-like morphology. The measured mass absorption coefficients (MACs) depended on soot maturity and generation but were similar between flames for similar conditions. For mature soot, here corresponding to particles with volume-equivalent diameters &gt;∼160 nm, the MAC and absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values were independent of particle collapse while the single-scatter albedo increased. The MAC values for these larger particles were also size-independent. The mean MAC value at 532 nm for larger particles was 9.1±1.1 m2 g−1, about 17 % higher than that recommended by Bond and Bergstrom (2006), and the AAE was close to unity. Effective, theory-specific complex refractive index (RI) values are derived from the observations with two widely used methods: Lorenz–Mie theory and the Rayleigh–Debye–Gans (RDG) approximation. Mie theory systematically underpredicts the observed absorption cross sections at all wavelengths for larger particles (with x&gt;0.9) independent of the complex RI used, while RDG provides good agreement. (The dimensionless size parameter x=πdp/λ, where dp is particle diameter and λ is wavelength.) Importantly, this implies that the use of Mie theory within air quality and climate models, as is common, likely leads to underpredictions in the absorption by BC, with the extent of underprediction depending on the assumed BC size distribution and complex RI used. We suggest that it is more appropriate to assume a constant, size-independent (but wavelength-specific) MAC to represent absorption by uncoated BC particles within models.
ELYPSE-7: A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2a study evaluating the impact of IL-7 on CD4 count, hematological toxicity, and tumor progressionin metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (pts). (2014)

3033 Background: Lymphopenia is an independent predictive and prognostic factor for chemotherapy (CT)-induced death, febrile neutropenia, overall survival and progression in several cancers, including breast carcinoma. CYT107 is a glycosylated recombinant human IL-7 (CYTHERIS) able to increase lymphocyte pool in man. Whether IL-7 can correct lymphopenia in cancer pts receiving CT and improve patient outcome is not known. Methods: Using a 2x2 factorial design, 20 lymphopenic (<1000/µL) MBC pts, treated with capecitabine (2.5g/m2/d1-14, d1=21), were randomly allocated to 4 arms to receive 1) before the 1st cycle of CT : IL-7 (CYT107:10µg/kg, SC, weekly) or placebo (pbo), then 2) during the 3rdcycle of CT: IL-7 weekly or pbo. The primary endpoint was CD4 count changes before (D0 to D21) and during CT (D57 to D78). Secondary endpoints were toxicity, safety and PFS. Quantitative and functional changes in immune cells were also analyzed. Results: From Nov. 2011 to Jun. 2013, 20 pts (median CD4 count D0 : 242 /µL) were enrolled. Before CT (n=20), IL-7 induced a significant increase of CD4 count (median relative change : +148.1% in IL-7 groups vs +9.9% in placebo [Wilcoxon, p=0.002]), CD8 as well as naïve and memory T cell subsets. During CT (n=11), IL-7 increased CD4 count (+58.6% in IL-7 group vs -2.4% in pbo group [p=0.121]), as well as CD8CD45RO memory cells. CYT107 was well tolerated with injection site reactions as the main AE, no anti-IL-7 antibodies, and no IL-7-related ≥ Grade 3 AE. Interestingly, IL-7 during CT reduced the incidence of Grade 3 haemotological AE compared to placebo (0 vs 5 events, respectively). With a median follow-up of 14 [7-15] months, 6/10 and 2/10 deaths were observed in the groups having received pbo or IL-7 before CT, respectively. 3 objective responses (OR) were observed in pts receiving IL-7 (before and/or during CT) vs 1 OR in pts receiving only pbo. Survival data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: IL-7 treatment was safe, restored CD4 and T cell subsets in lymphopenic pts with severe haematological toxicity. Further investigations of IL-7 in oncology are warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT01368107.
Remmen Streaming Server: et distribuert videostramingsprogram (2011)

Oppgaven omhandler utviklingen av Remmen Streaming System (RStS),&#13;\nunderliggende teknologier og deres rolle i utviklingen av systemet.&#13;\nBakgrunnen for oppgaven er Høgskolen iØstfolds utbygging av bygningsmassen&#13;\np°a Remmen i Halden (se side 11). Designet for dette bygget var °a&#13;\ng°a bort ifra koaksialkabling for distribusjon av TV og video, med et ønske&#13;\nom °a benytte kun nettverkskabel for all distribusjon av TV og video.&#13;\nMulighetene som ble vurdert var innkjøp av en allerede eksisterende&#13;\nkommersiell løsning, egenutvikling av en softwarebasert løsning eller °a&#13;\nbeholde tradisjonell koaksialkabling.&#13;\nResultatet av denne prosessen ble RStS, n°a i sin andre versjon ved&#13;\nnavn Alt N°ar Det Passer (ANDP), men det vil være arbeidet med den&#13;\nførste versjon som diskuteres i denne oppgaven.&#13;\nRStS er en distribuert løsning for °a ta opp og streame satellitt-TVkanaler.&#13;\nDen skiller seg ut fra andre tilsvarende løsninger ved °a være&#13;\nskrevet i °apen kildekode basert p°a °apne standarder uten bruk av noen&#13;\nproprietære løsninger. Løsningen er tatt i bruk ved Høgskolen i Østfold og&#13;\ner ogs°a planlagt pakket inn for distribusjon til alle Uninetts medlemsinstitusjoner&#13;\nfor bruk i undervisningen.&#13;\nLøsningen er basert p°a Python, XML-RPC for distribuert programmering,&#13;\nDreamBox linux-baserte satellitt-mottakere samt Hauppauge PVR 250 og&#13;\n350 MPEG-2 videodigitaliseringskort
Compact Cas9d and HEARO enzymes for genome editing discovered from uncultivated microbes (2022)

Programmable, RNA-guided nucleases are diverse enzymes that have been repurposed for biotechnological applications. However, to further expand the therapeutic application of these tools there is a need for targetable systems that are small enough to be delivered efficiently. Here, we mined an extensive genome-resolved metagenomics database and identified families of uncharacterized RNA-guided, compact nucleases (between 450 and 1,050 aa). We report that Cas9d, a new CRISPR type II subtype, contains Zinc-finger motifs and high arginine content, features that we also found in nucleases related to HEARO effectors. These enzymes exhibit diverse biochemical characteristics and are broadly targetable. We show that natural Cas9d enzymes are capable of genome editing in mammalian cells with >90% efficiency, and further engineered nickase variants into the smallest base editors active in E. coli and human cells. Their small size, broad targeting potential, and translatability suggest that Cas9d and HEARO systems will enable a variety of genome editing applications.
Optically Erasable and Rewritable Solid-State Holograms (1972)

Optical holographic storage in single-crystal LiNbO3 is described which can be optically erased at room temperature and then rewritten with no degradation in efficiency or writing rate. The diffraction efficiencies associated with this process are about 10−4. Some variations from previously reported results include a lack of a threshold power density for writing, very-long-term persistence of the stored hologram, and a lack of a dependence of the diffracted intensity on the polarization of the readout beam.