gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metformin-Mediated Bambi Expression in Hepatic Stellate Cells Induces Prosurvival Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling (2012)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates lipid, cholesterol, and glucose metabolism in specialized metabolic tissues, such as muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Agents that activate AMPK, such as metformin and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), have beneficial effects on liver glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, AMPK activation in proliferating hepatic stellate cells (HSC) induces growth arrest and inhibits hepatic fibrosis. As metformin and AICAR act in different ways to achieve their effects, our aim was to examine the effects of AMPK activation in quiescent HSCs with these two agents on HSC function. We found that phospho-AMPK levels were markedly upregulated by both AICAR and metformin in quiescent HSCs. However, although AICAR treatment induced cell death, cells treated with metformin did not differ from untreated controls. AICAR-mediated HSC cell death was paralleled by loss of expression of the TGF-β decoy receptor Bambi, whereas metformin increased Bambi expression. Transfection of siRNA-Bambi into HSCs also induced cell death, mimicking the effects of AICAR, whereas overexpression of Bambi partially rescued AICAR-treated cells. As Bambi has previously been shown to promote cell survival through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a reporter incorporating binding sites for a downstream target of this pathway was transfected into HSCs and was induced. We conclude that although AICAR and metformin both activate AMPK in quiescent HSCs, AICAR rapidly induced cell death, whereas metformin-treated cells remained viable. The finding that metformin increases Bambi expression and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling provides a possible mechanistic explanation for this observation. These results suggest that AICAR and metformin may confer disease-specific therapeutic benefits.
Numerical and optical soot characterization through 2-color pyrometry technique for an innovative diesel piston bowl design (2022)

The development of innovative diesel piston bowl designs has shown significant improvement of the near-wall flame evolution, resulting in lower fuel consumption and engine-out soot emissions. With this aim, a novel hybrid piston bowl for a 1.6 L light-duty diesel engine was designed, coupling a sharp-stepped bowl and radial-bumps in the inner bowl rim. The effects of the proposed hybrid bowl were analysed through both single-cylinder optical engine and 3D-CFD models, which feature a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism and the Particulate Mimic (PM) soot model. The 2-color pyrometry optical technique was adopted to obtain the optical soot density (KL) and the temperature of the soot surface. Then, a line-of-sight integration of the numerical soot distribution was adopted to obtain a planar KL distribution, which is directly comparable with the experimental KL images. The results showed a good agreement in terms of soot distribution between 3D-CFD and experiments, confirming the high prediction capabilities of the developed numerical methodology. The synergetic application of numerical and optical techniques highlighted that the hybrid bowl strongly mitigates the flame-to-flame interaction with respect to a conventional re-entrant bowl, leading to lower soot formation in the flame collision area. Moreover, faster flame propagation toward the cylinder axis is highlighted with a consequent higher soot oxidation rate in the late combustion phase.
Sol-gel synthesis of monolithic silica gels and glasses from phase-separating tetraethoxysilane–water binary system (2009)

A facile synthetic route for monolithic silica gels and glasses from a phase-separating binary mixture of tetraalkoxysilane and water, free from alcohols, organic additives, or other third components, has been developed.
Challenges and Opportunities in High-Dimensional Choice Data Analyses (2008)

Modern businesses routinely capture data on millions of observations across subjects, brand SKUs, time periods, predictor variables, and store locations, thereby generating massive high-dimensional datasets. For example, Netflix has choice data on billions of movies selected, user ratings, and geodemographic characteristics. Similar datasets emerge in retailing with potential use of RFIDs, online auctions (e.g., eBay), social networking sites (e.g., mySpace), product reviews (e.g., ePinion), customer relationship marketing, internet commerce, and mobile marketing. We envision massive databases as four-way VAST matrix arrays of Variables x Alternatives x Subjects x Time where at least one dimension is very large. Predictive choice modeling of such massive databases poses novel computational and modeling issues, and the negligence of academic research to address them will result in a disconnect from the marketing practice and an impoverishment of marketing theory. To address these issues, we discuss and identify the challenges and opportunities for both practicing and academic marketers. Thus, we offer an impetus for advancing research in this nascent area and fostering collaboration across scientific disciplines to improve the practice of marketing in information-rich environment.
Package Level Warpage Simulation of a Fan Out System in Board Module (2019)

In manufacturing of electronic packages, especially modules manufactured in a panel level based packaging process, the occurring package warpage is always one of the most critical issues. The deformation of manufactured packages is generally triggered by dimensional changes in the material layers due to thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage during the curing process. Being able to predict the occurring warpage can significantly improve design quality and reliability of electronic systems. The current study deals with the application of finite element simulation to predict the warpage after manufacturing and singularization of a fine line structured multi-die package manufactured in a panel level packaging process. For defining the material properties of the applied dielectric materials, temperature dependent linear elastic models were applied considering the temperature dependency of the materials as well as their orthotropy were applicable. For b-staged resins, a coefficient of chemical shrinkage was determined and implemented in the material model. Copper properties were modelled considering temperature dependency and plasticity while directional effects in copper were neglected. All applied material models have been determined in the course of the project. The package structure was modelled in ABAQUS ®, one of the industry standard multi-physics simulation packages, applying a homogenization approach resulting in a rather small but still accurate model of the package. The boundary conditions were specified based on the actual manufacturing conditions in the production line of the package. Finally the calculated, resulting deformation of the package was compared to the actually measured deformation of the packages, where cross-sectioning profilometry, Shadow Moire methodology and X-ray tomography and have been applied to create the validation data. Based on the presented results it could be shown that the applied finite element simulation approach is suitable for describing the warpage occurring during panel level packaging of electronic modules.
Frequency offset compensation scheme for MB-OFDM by frequency spreading (2005)

Recently, multiband OFDM (MB-OFDM) ultra wideband (UWB) communication system is actively investigated for high speed wireless communication system. In this system, frequency hopping (FH) and OFDM are implemented for high data-rate transmission, but this combination of FH and OFDM makes frequency offset as a considerable problem. In this paper, a novel frequency offset compensation scheme by symbol mapping at frequency spreading for MB-OFDM is proposed, and its performance is evaluated through the computer simulation.
Rebuttal from Stephen M. Stick and André Schultz (2018)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Collagen Fibril-Assembled Skin-Simulated Membrane for Continuous Molecular Separation (2022)

A skin-simulated thin-film-composite membrane was fabricated using a vacuum-assisted interfacial polymerization method. A negatively charged surface-selective layer on a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) substrate was cross-linked using trimesoyl chloride to form polyamide and polyester with a three-layer structure that was similar to skin. The loading of collagen fibrils assembled on the membrane surface was varied, and a selective layer was obtained, of which the thickness, morphology, and hydrophilicity can be manipulated. The optimal membrane decorated with 0.5 mg of collagen fibril had a selective layer thickness of around 130 nm with pure water permeability up to 84.7 LMH bar<sup>-1</sup>. Furthermore, the membrane exhibited impressive rejections toward dyes (Congo red with a molecular weight of 696.68 Da: 99.6%, reactive blue 19 with a molecular weight of 626.54 Da: 99.8%, and Coomassie blueG-250 with a molecular weight of 854.02 Da: 98.6%) while high permeations of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and NaCl were achieved. This facile strategy provides a useful guideline for constructing bionic membranes through biomaterials.
Integrated-optics heralded controlled-NOT gate for polarization-encoded qubits (2018)

Abstract Recent progress in integrated-optics technology has made photonics a promising platform for quantum networks and quantum computation protocols. Integrated optical circuits are characterized by small device footprints and unrivalled intrinsic interferometric stability. Here, we take advantage of femtosecond-laser-written waveguides’ ability to process polarization-encoded qubits and present an implementation of a heralded controlled-NOT gate on chip. We evaluate the gate performance in the computational basis and a superposition basis, showing that the gate can create polarization entanglement between two photons. Transmission through the integrated device is optimized using thermally expanded core fibers and adiabatically reduced mode-field diameters at the waveguide facets. This demonstration underlines the feasibility of integrated quantum gates for all-optical quantum networks and quantum repeaters.
Effects of Disc-Shaped Piezoelectric Size Reduction on Resonant Inductorless DC-DC Converter (2019)

This paper studies the impact of disc-shaped piezoelectric resonator dimensions on a non-isolated inductorless piezoelectric DC-DC converter. An analytical model, linking geometrical parameters to output power and efficiency is introduced. This later reveals the benefits of reducing the thickness and diameter of the piezoelectric disk. Five piezoelectric discs with different dimensions are tested and compared in experimental works, giving very high efficiency up to 98% and output power up to 1.7 W. An exceptional power density of 366 W.cm-3 was measured at 450 kHz for a 25-30 Volt conversion with an efficiency of 81%.
Carbonic anhydrase 9 is a predictive marker of survival benefit from lower dose of bevacizumab in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (2009)

Lower degree of CA9 expression was associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with mCRC treated with lower dose bevacizumab-based chemotherapy. Prospective studies are now needed to determine the correlation between CA9 expression and clinical outcomes after bevacizumab treatment, at different doses and in varied settings.
Molecular genetics of human lactase deficiencies (2009)

Lactase non-persistence (adult-type hypolactasia) is present in more than half of the human population and is caused by the down-regulation of lactase enzyme activity during childhood. Congenital lactase deficiency (CLD) is a rare severe gastrointestinal disorder of new-borns enriched in the Finnish population. Both lactase deficiencies are autosomal recessive traits and characterized by diminished expression of lactase activity in the intestine. Genetic variants underlying both forms have been identified. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular defects of human lactase deficiencies and their phenotype-genotype correlation, the implications on clinical practice, and the understanding of their function and role in human evolution.
Therapeutic targeting of CD70 and CD27-CD70 interactions with the monoclonal antibody SGN-70 in Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) (2006)

2509 Background: WM represents a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma characterized by a monoclonal IgM gammopathy and possesses a mast cell component that may contribute to its pathogenesis. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family member, CD27, is a transmembrane co-stimulatory molecule that is also secreted in a soluble form (sCD27). Recent evidence has suggested that interactions between CD27 and its TNF-like ligand, CD70, play a critical role in regulating B-cell activation and survival, and therefore, may provide a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of WM. Methods: Patients with the consensus panel diagnosis of WM who provided written consent were evaluated. ELISA assay kits were obtained from Bender MedSystems. Flow cytometric analysis, RT-PCR, and calcein ADCC assays were performed as previously described (Santos et al, in press). Results: By ELISA, WM patients displayed dramatically higher levels of sCD27 in their sera (median 7.45, range 0–19.42 U/ml) versus healthy donors (median 0, range 0–2.78 U/ml; p = 2.5 × 10 −7 ). CD27 was expressed in 7/7 patients using RT-PCR analysis, and on the tumor cell surface of 5/12 patients. CD70, the target for CD27, was widely expressed on tumor cells (6/6) and mast cells (10/11) using flow cytometric analysis. To define the functional role of sCD27 in WM, we cultured BCWM.1 (CD27 − CD70 + ) WM cells, LAD1 (CD27 − CD70 + ) mast cells, and primary tumor and mast cells (CD70 + ) isolated from WM patients with sCD27 (0.1–50 ug/mL), and observed no effect on their proliferation or induction of apoptosis. However, culture of LAD1 and primary WM mast cells (10/10) with sCD27 resulted in marked upregulation of two TNF family ligands which support the growth and survival of WM cells: CD40L (CD154) and a proliferation induction ligand (APRIL). Importantly, the anti-CD70 mAb SGN-70 (1 ug/ml) inhibited this upregulation by sCD27, establishing the specificity of the CD27-CD70 interaction. In addition, SGN-70 demonstrated significant ADCC against BCWM.1 WM cells at dose levels up to 20 ug/ml. Conclusions: Taken together, these studies suggest a novel functional role for sCD27 in the pathogenesis of WM, and demonstrate the feasibility of targeting CD70 and sCD27-CD70 interactions with the SGN-70 monoclonal antibody. [Table: see text]
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of (2S,4R)‐4‐Hydroxypipecolic Acid and Derivatives. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
π-Extended Dipyrrins Capable of Highly Fluorogenic Complexation with Metal Ions (2010)

The synthesis and properties of a new family of pi-extended dipyrrins capable of forming brightly fluorescent complexes with metal ions are reported. The metal complexes possess tunable spectral bands and exhibit different emission properties depending on the mode of metal coordination.
Nanoscale Thermomechanics of Wear-Resilient Polymeric Bilayer Systems (2012)

We explore the effect of an ultrathin elastic coating to optimize the mechanical stability of an underlying polymer film for nanoscale applications. The coating consists of a several nanometer thin plasma-polymerized norbornene layer. Scanning probes are used to characterize the system in terms of shear-force-induced wear and thermally assisted indentation. The layer transforms a weakly performing polystyrene film into a highly wear-resistive system, ideal for high-density and low-power data storage applications. The result can be understood from the indentation characteristics with a hot and sharp indenter tip. The latter gives rise to a deformation mode in the fully plastic regime, enabling a simple interpretation of the results. The softening transition and the yield stress of the system on a microsecond time scale and a nanometer size scale were obtained. We show that the plastic deformation is governed by yielding in the polystyrene sublayer, which renders the overall system soft for plastic deformation. The ultrathin protection layer contributes as an elastic skin, which shields part of the temperature and pressure and enables the high wear resistance against lateral forces. Moreover, the method of probing polymers at microsecond and nanometer size scales opens up new opportunities for studying polymer physics in a largely unexplored regime. Thus, we find softening temperatures of more than 100 °C above the polystyrene glass transition, which implies that for the short interaction time scales the glassy state of the polymer is preserved up to this temperature.
Supplementary Figure 1 from <i>In vivo</i> Colocalization of Antigen and CpG within Dendritic Cells Is Associated with the Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; Colocalization of Antigen and CpG within Dendritic Cells Is Associated with the Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy
Evaporative Cooling in a Holographic Atom Trap (2003)

We present progress on evaporative cooling of Rb-87 atoms in our Holographic Atom Trap (HAT). The HAT is formed by the interference of five intersecting YAG laser beams: atoms are loaded from a vapor-cell MOT into the bright fringes of the interference pattern through the dipole force. The interference pattern is composed of Talbot fringes along the direction of propagation of the YAG beams, prior to evaporative cooling each Talbot fringe contains 300,000 atoms at 50 micro-K and peak densities of 2 x 10(exp 14)/cu cm. Evaporative cooling is achieved through adiabatically decreasing the intensity of the YAG laser. We present data and calculations covering a range of HAT geometries and cooling procedures.
Doxorubicin sensitizes human tumor cells to NK cell‐ and T‐cell‐mediated killing by augmented TRAIL receptor signaling (2013)

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic that is widely used to treat different types of malignancy. In this study, it was studied whether DOX could be used to render tumor cells susceptible to apoptosis by NK and T cells. Pretreatment with subapoptotic doses of DOX sensitized tumor cell lines of various histotypes to both NK and T cells resulting in a 3.7 to 32.7% increase in lysis (2.5 mean fold increase, p < 0.0001) and a 2.9 to 14.2% increase in lysis (3.0 mean-fold increase, p < 0.05), respectively. The sensitizing effect of the drug was primarily dependent on the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/TRAIL-receptor signaling, but not on Fas-ligand, perforin, NKG2D or DNAM-1. The central role of the TRAIL signaling pathway was further supported by an increased expression of TRAIL-R2 on DOX-treated tumor cells and by downregulation of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein, the inhibitors of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Compared to untreated cells, pretreatment of tumor cells with DOX showed increased processing and activation of caspase-8 on coculture with NK or T cells. The significance of this treatment strategy was confirmed using a xenogeneic tumor-bearing mouse model. Tumor progression was delayed in mice that received either NK cells (p < 0.05) or T cells (p < 0.0001) following DOX treatment compared to mice receiving either cell type alone. Moreover, combined infusion of both NK and T cells following DOX treatment not only delayed tumor progression but also significantly improved the long-term survival (p < 0.01). Based on these findings, it was proposed that DOX can be used to improve the efficacy of adoptive cell therapy in patients with cancer.
LATE BLOCKADE OF B7-1 COSTIMULATION INTERRUPTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHRONIC REJECTION IN A RAT MODEL OF CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION (1998)

720 We have previously shown that CTLA4Ig prevents the development of chronic allograft rejection in the Lew to F344 rat heterotopic cardiac transplant model (JCI, 1996; 97: 833). CTLA4Ig blocks both B7-1 and B7-2: two costimulatory molecules which are known to exhibit differing temporal expression and functional characteristics in vitro and in vivo. To dissect the individual role of B7-1 in the pathogenesis of chronic allograft rejection we used a mutant form of CTLA4Ig, Y100F, which blocks B7-1 but not B7-2. Early administration of Y100F, either as a single dose (0.5mg i.p.) (group A, n=5) or multiple doses (0.5mg i.p. 2×/wk)(group B, n=4) starting day 2 post transplantation failed to prolong graft survival as compared to untreated control (Group C, n=6; all animals rejected their grafts within 3 weeks). This is in sharp contrast to the effects of CTLA4Ig given at this time point which results in prolonged graft survival (> 100 days) in more than 60% of animals. We then studied the effects of late blockade of B7-1. Animals received 30 days of low dose CsA(1mg1day s.c.) to prevent acute rejection followed by either Y100F (group D; n=8), or control fusion protein (group E, n=19) at 0.5mg 2×/wk for 4 wks starting 1 month post transplantation, or continuous CsA (1mg1day s.c.) (group F, n=5). Both selective late blockade of B7-1 by Y100F (D) and continuous CsA treatment (F) significantly prolonged allograft survival but only Y100F treatment interupted development of graft arteriosclerosis, the sine qua non of chronic allograft rejection. Mean arteriosclerotic score in grafts surviving >100days was 0.91±0.5* in the Y100F group (D), compared to 1.76±1.53 in the continuous CsA treated group (F) and 1.72±0.53 in the control fusion protein group (E). Futhermore, histological analysis of graft specimens revealed significantly less graft fibrosis in the Y100F treated groups (D) compared to control (E) and continuous CsA (F) groups. Consistent with these findings, semi-quantitative PCR revealed significantly reduced tissue expression of TGF-β mRNA in grafts from the Y100F treated group. These data show that blocking B7-1 late but not early post-transplantation is effective at interrupting progression of chronic rejection. These findings are consistent with the later temporal expression of B7-1 during the alloimmune response. *p<0.05 compared to control group (D). Figure
6‐Deoxyhexoses from l‐Rhamnose in the Search for Inducers of the Rhamnose Operon: Synergy of Chemistry and Biotechnology (2016)

In the search for alternative non-metabolizable inducers in the l-rhamnose promoter system, the synthesis of fifteen 6-deoxyhexoses from l-rhamnose demonstrates the value of synergy between biotechnology and chemistry. The readily available 2,3-acetonide of rhamnonolactone allows inversion of configuration at C4 and/or C5 of rhamnose to give 6-deoxy-d-allose, 6-deoxy-d-gulose and 6-deoxy-l-talose. Highly crystalline 3,5-benzylidene rhamnonolactone gives easy access to l-quinovose (6-deoxy-l-glucose), l-olivose and rhamnose analogue with C2 azido, amino and acetamido substituents. Electrophilic fluorination of rhamnal gives a mixture of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-l-rhamnose and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-l-quinovose. Biotechnology provides access to 6-deoxy-l-altrose and 1-deoxy-l-fructose.