gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Assessment of Tumor Redox Status through (<i>S</i>)-4-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropyl)-L-Glutamic Acid PET Imaging of System x<sub>c</sub><sup>−</sup> Activity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The cell's endogenous antioxidant system is vital to maintain redox homeostasis. Despite its central role in normal and pathophysiology, no noninvasive tools exist to measure this system in patients. The cystine/glutamate antiporter system x&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; maintains the balance between intracellular reactive oxygen species and antioxidant production through the provision of cystine, a key precursor in glutathione biosynthesis. Here, we show that tumor cell retention of a system x&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;-specific PET radiotracer, (&lt;i&gt;S&lt;/i&gt;)-4-(3-[&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamic acid ([&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FSPG), decreases in proportion to levels of oxidative stress following treatment with a range of redox-active compounds. The decrease in [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FSPG retention correlated with a depletion of intracellular cystine resulting from increased &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; glutathione biosynthesis, shown through [U-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;, U-&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;]cystine isotopic tracing. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, treatment with the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin decreased [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FSPG tumor uptake in a mouse model of ovarian cancer, coinciding with markers of oxidative stress but preceding tumor shrinkage and decreased glucose utilization. Having already been used in pilot clinical trials, [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FSPG PET could be rapidly translated to the clinic as an early redox indicator of tumor response to treatment.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;[&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FSPG PET imaging provides a sensitive noninvasive measure of tumor redox status and provides an early marker of tumor response to therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/doi/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-4034" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Lee et al., p. 701&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause resulting in dyspnea and functional decline until death. There are currently no effective noninvasive tools to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. The objective of the present study was to determine whether molecular magnetic resonance imaging of the lung using a probe targeted to type I collagen could provide a direct, noninvasive method for assessment of pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Pulmonary fibrosis was generated in mice by transtracheal instillation of bleomycin (BM). Six cohorts were imaged before and immediately after intravenous administration of molecular imaging probe: (1) BM plus collagen-targeted probe, EP-3533; (2) sham plus EP-3533; (3) BM plus nonbinding control probe, EP-3612; (4) sham plus EP-3612; (5) BM plus EP-3533 imaged early; and (6) BM plus EP-3533 imaged late. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement was quantified in the lungs and muscle. Lung tissue was subjected to pathologic scoring of fibrosis and analyzed for gadolinium and hydroxyproline. BM-treated mice had 35% higher lung collagen than sham mice (P < 0.0001). The SNR increase in the lungs of fibrotic mice after EP-3533 administration was twofold higher than in sham animals and twofold higher than in fibrotic or sham mice that received control probe, EP-3612 (P < 0.0001). The SNR increase in muscle was similar for all cohorts. For EP-3533, we observed a strong, positive, linear correlation between lung SNR increase and hydroxyproline levels (r = 0.72). Collagen-targeted probe EP-3533-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging specifically detects pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model of disease.
Sub-Terahertz Spatial Statistical MIMO Channel Model for Urban Microcells at 142 GHz (2021)

Sixth generation (6G) cellular systems are expected to extend the operational range to sub-Terahertz (THz) frequencies between 100 and 300 GHz due to the broad unexploited spectrum therein. A proper channel model is needed to accurately describe spatial and temporal channel characteristics and faithfully create channel impulse responses at sub-THz frequencies. This paper studies the channel spatial statistics such as the number of spatial clusters and cluster power distribution based on recent radio propagation measurements conducted at 142 GHz in an urban microcell (UMi) scenario. For the 28 measured locations, we observe one to four spatial clusters at most locations. A detailed spatial statistical multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel generation procedure is introduced based on the derived empirical channel statistics. We find that beamforming provides better spectral efficiency than spatial multiplexing in the LOS scenario due to the boresight path, and two spatial streams usually offer the highest spectral efficiency at most NLOS locations due to the limited number of spatial clusters.
IEEE 802.11ad: directional 60 GHz communication for multi-Gigabit-per-second Wi-Fi [Invited Paper] (2014)

With the ratification of the IEEE 802.11ad amendment to the 802.11 standard in December 2012, a major step has been taken to bring consumer wireless communication to the millimeter wave band. However, multi-gigabit-per-second throughput and small interference footprint come at the price of adverse signal propagation characteristics, and require a fundamental rethinking of Wi-Fi communication principles. This article describes the design assumptions taken into consideration for the IEEE 802.11ad standard and the novel techniques defined to overcome the challenges of mm-Wave communication. In particular, we study the transition from omnidirectional to highly directional communication and its impact on the design of IEEE 802.11ad.
Repeatability of simultaneous 3D 1H MRF/23Na MRI in brain at 7T (2023)

In this work, we assess the repeatability of proton density, T 1 , T 2 and sodium density maps measured with simultaneous 3D 1 H MRF/ 23 Na MRI in the brain at 7T. We scanned seven healthy subjects three times each. The coefficients of variation (CV) were in the range 1-3% for mean values in GM, WM and CSF, and the intra-class correlation (ICC) was in range 0.44-0.99.
Parse Disambiguation for a Rich HPSG Grammar (2002)

In this paper, we describe experiments on HPSG parse disambiguation using the Redwoods HPSG treebank (Oepen et al. 2002a,b,c). HPSG is a constraint-based lexicalist (&amp;quot;unification&amp;quot;) grammar formalism The
Do we still need animals? Surveying the role of animal‐free models in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease research (2022)

The use of animals in neuroscience and biomedical research remains controversial. Policy is built around the "3R" principle of "Refining, Reducing and Replacing" animal experiments, and across the globe, different initiatives stimulate the use of animal-free methods. Based on an extensive literature screen to map the development and adoption of animal-free methods in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease research, we find that at least two in three examined studies rely on animals or on animal-derived models. Among the animal-free studies, the relative contribution of innovative models that may replace animal experiments is limited. We argue that the distinction between animal research and alternative models presents a false dichotomy, as the role and scientific value of both animal and animal-free approaches are intertwined. Calls to halt all animal experiments appear premature, as insufficient non-animal-based alternatives are available and their development lags behind. In light of this, we highlight the need for objective, unprejudiced monitoring, and more robust performance indicators of animal-free approaches.
Investigation of Lightpipe Volumetric Radiation Effects in RTP Thermometry (2005)

A major obstacle to the widespread implementation of rapid thermal processing (RTP) is the challenge of wafer temperature measurement. Frequently, lightpipe radiation thermometers are used to measure wafer temperatures in RTP reactors. While the lightpipe distorts the wafer temperature profile less than temperature measurement techniques which require physical contact, the presence of the lightpipe influences the wafer temperature profile. This paper presents the results of a theoretical study exploring that influence for an idealized RTP reactor in which the wafer is treated as a nonconducting, opaque, constant-heat-flux surface imaged by the lightpipe. The coupled radiation/conduction transport in the lightpipe measurement enclosure is solved numerically. Radiation transfer in the system is modeled with varying levels of rigor, ranging from a simple volumetrically nonparticipating treatment to a full spectral solution of the radiative transfer equation. The results reveal a rather significant effect of the lightpipe on the wafer temperature, which depends on the separation between the lightpipe tip and the wafer. The study illustrates clearly the need to model the lightpipe as a volumetrically participating, semitransparent medium, and further, the importance of accounting for spectral variation of the lightpipe properties in the prediction of the radiative transfer. Finally, two primary mechanisms are identified by which the lightpipe affects the wafer temperature distribution.
Security in Carrier Class Server Applications for All-IP Networks (2004)

A revolution is taking place in telecommunication networks. New services are appearing on platforms such as third generation cellular phones (3G) and broadband Internet access. This motivates the transition from mostly switched to all-IP networks. The replacement of the traditional shallow and well-defined interface to telephony networks brings accrued flexibility, but also makes the network accordingly difficult to properly secure. This paper surveys the implications of this transition on security issues in telecom applications. It does not give an exhaustive list of security tools or security protocols. Its goal is rather to initiate the reader to the security issues brought to carrier class servers by this revolution.
Analytical Intrachannel Nonlinear Models to Predict the Nonlinear Noise Waveform (2014)

Intrachannel nonlinearity is considered as a major distortion in high capacity transmission systems. To better understand the nonlinear distortion, the nonlinearity modeling is an essential technology. Most of current nonlinear models focus on the statistical characteristics of nonlinear noise. In this paper, we investigate the analytical models that predict the time-varying nonlinear noise waveform. For the return-to-zero (RZ) pulse-shaped system, the “power weighted, additive-multiplicative model” is investigated under various system conditions for quadrature phase shift keying and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation formats, with dispersion managed and unmanaged link composed of standard single mode fiber or nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber. For the non-RZ and Nyquist pulses, the Nyquist nonlinear model is investigated. Both two models achieved 95% accuracy which is defined as the absolute value of the cross correlation between the noise waveform obtained by split step Fourier simulation and the waveform calculated by the model. Simulation also shows that the model functions well for the most optical power range of commercial communication systems.
Improvement of Water‐Related Hot‐Carrier Reliability by Optimizing the Plasma‐Enhanced Tetra‐ethoxysilane Deposition Process (1997)

As‐deposited, steam‐exposed ‐tetra‐ethoxysilane (TEOS)‐based intermetallic dielectric were characterized according to the IR‐absorption spectra. The plasma‐enhanced‐TEOS films investigated here were formed by mixed‐frequency plasma processes and differentiated by reaction oxidizers and/or plasma powers. Increasing stress and nitrogen or oxygen concentrations improved the moisture resistance of PE‐TEOS oxide films. In addition to the moisture resistance of PE‐TEOS films, another factor affecting hot‐carrier robustness is the maximun thickness of the underlayer for ‐TEOS films, which is limited by their conformity. The integrated intermetallic dielectrics were evaluated by constant‐current and hot‐carrier stressing. In obtaining the best device reliability, a trade‐off exists between moisture resistance, gapfilling capacity of the PE‐TEOS underlayer, and plasma damage. Our results indicate that an ‐rich PE‐TEOS film with a mechanical stress of 3 × 109 dyn/cm2 is the optimum.
Magnetoresistivity of micron size (10-0) epitaxial Co wire (1999)

In the present work, we have carried out further studies on the domain wall contribution by using micron scale CO wires fabricated from an epitaxially grown (10 0) oriented hcp Co film with a with a strong uniaxial anisotropy. The change in magnetoresistivity associated with the evolution of the domain wall was carefully examined by taking into account Loren@ and anisotropy magnetoresistivities.
Outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathy (2021)

CRT improves left ventricular function and reverses remodeling in patients with CHIC.
Rate-optimal and reduced-complexity sequential sensing algorithms for cognitive OFDM radios (2009)

Sequential sensing algorithms are developed for OFDM-based hierarchical cognitive radio (CR) systems. Secondary users sense multiple sub-bands simultaneously for possible spectrum availabilities under hard miss-detection constraints to prevent interference to the primary users. Accounting for the fact that the sensing time overhead can often be significant, a performance metric is developed based on the effective achievable data rate. An optimization problem is formulated in the framework of optimal stopping problems to maximize the average effective data rate by determining the best time to stop taking samples for sensing, as well as the best set of channels to use for data transmission. A basis expansion-based sub-optimal algorithm is derived to reduce the prohibitive complexity of the optimal solution.
Evans Osteotomy in the Adult Foot: An Anatomic Study of Structures at Risk (1998)

The Evans osteotomy has become an important option in the surgical treatment of adult pes planus deformity of multiple causes. Despite its increasing popularity, however, no single study, to our knowledge, has thoroughly examined the structures at risk when performing the Evans osteotomy on the adult foot. We performed the Evans osteotomy on 20 adult cadaver specimens to determine which soft tissues and bony structures were endangered by the procedure. We found that the optimal Evans osteotomy site should be exactly 10 mm proximal to the calcaneocuboid joint because this location best affords the opportunity of avoiding damage to the anterior or middle subtalar facets in those specimens with separate facets. In addition, we determined that the sural nerve, peroneus longus tendon, and peroneus brevis tendon were consistently at risk during the operative approach. Regarding the medial soft tissues, we found that these structures did, in fact, consistently pass in the line of the Evans osteotomy, and so are at risk.
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services (2006)

Welcome to MobiSys 2006: The Fourth International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services. This is an exciting time in the history of the conference -- the first time that MobiSys has gone truly mobile, travelling outside the US to Scandinavia.MobiSys 2006 has also seen a significant increase in the number of submissions to the conference. This year we received 123 full submissions -- a 46% increase on 2005.The reviewing process closely followed that used by David Kotz and Brian Noble last year. Each full paper was assigned to three Program Committee members to review in the first round. Based on these reviews we then selected 52 papers for discussion at the PC meeting. All of these papers were assigned to at least two additional PC members for shorter, skim reviews. Most PC members reviewed approximately 30 papers -- a massive undertaking for which we thank everyone on the committee. The committee met in Pittsburgh in early March to discuss these papers and eventually selected 19 papers for inclusion in the proceedings (an acceptance rate of 15%). Each accepted paper was shepherded by a PC member before appearing in these proceedings. In addition to the technical sessions, the program features keynote speakers, a work-in-progress session, a session devoted to demos and posters, and ample unstructured time for technical interactions with colleagues.
Influence de la structure sur l'hydrolyse des N‐pyrrolylmethylene‐2 anilines (1982)

Abstract L'hydrolyse de la fonction imine d'une famille de bases de Schiff, dérivees du pyrrole aldéhyde‐2 et d'anilines substitutées (X = H, p ‐OCH 3 , p ‐OC 2 H 5 , p ‐CH 3 , p ‐Cl, p ‐Br, m ‐CN, m ‐NO 2 , p ‐NO 2 ), est étudiee dans tout le domaine de p H. Les courbes d'hydrolyse log k obs (mn −1 ) = f ( p H) sont établies, en milieu hydro‐méthanolique tamponné, par polarographie ou ampéiometrie. L'allure des courbes obtenues aux p H &gt; 5 in‐dique que les N ‐pyrrolylméthylène‐2 anilines s'hydrotysent selon le mécanisme setenu pour les N ‐benzyli‐denes anilines. La stabilité particuliere des produits étudies aux p H &lt; 5 a permis d'obtenir des courbes d'hydrolyse completes en milieu acide. Une excellente corrélation de Hammett (ϱ p ′ = + 1,73) a pu ětre ainsi établie sur les paliers ou maximums qui apparaissent aux fortes acidités. Cette stabilité est interprétee en considérant l'effet électrodonneur spécifique du noyau pyrrole. L'influence du paramètre structural X sur la morphologie des courbes log k obs = f ( p H) et sur le mecanisme de l'hydrolyse de la fonction imine a pu ětre discutée dans tout le domaine de p H.
Dysprosium and Gadolinium Double Doped Bismuth Oxide Electrolytes for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2016)

Herein, we developed a novel double dopant bismuth oxide electrolyte system with dysprosium (Dy) and gadolinium (Gd). The effect of the co-dopants on phase stability and electrical properties was investigated. Phase transformation from cubic to rhombohedral was observed as Gd dopant concentration increased and consequently resulted in conductivity degradation. The stabilization of high temperature cubic phase was achieved with a total dopant concentration as low as ∼12 mol% with 8 mol% Dy and 4 mol% Gd double dopant composition (8D4GSB) and this composition showed one of the highest total conductivity reported at this low temperature regime. In addition, the long-term stability of DGSB electrolytes was investigated.
Eye Models for the Design and Performance Assessment of New-Technology Intraocular Lenses (2008)

This paper discusses the development of computer-based eye models derived from measurements of the physical characteristics of pseudophakic eyes. These models are capable of predicting the clinically measured quality of new-technology intraocular lenses.
An efficient oxa-Michael addition to diethyl vinylphosphonate under mild reaction conditions (2011)

An oxa-Michael addition of various secondary and branched primary alcohols to diethyl vinylphosphonate was systematically studied and optimized. This efficient method precedes using of harsh reaction conditions (e.g. strong bases, high temperatures) and gains access to an important class of biologically active compounds in one step.
VIRIM: A Massively Parallel Processor for Real-Time Volume Visualization in Medicine (1994)

Architecture and applications of a massively parallel processor are described. Volumes of 256x256x128 voxels can be visualized at a frame rate of 10 Hz using volume oriented visualization algorithms. A prototype of the scalable and modular system is currently set up. 3D rotation around an arbilrary rotation axis, perspective, zooming, and arbilrary gray value mapping are provided in real-time. Multi user access over high-speed networks is possible. A volume oriented visualization algorithm is used that is tailored to the requirements in medicine [5]. With this algorithm, small structures of a size down to the pixel resolution, and structures without defined surfaces can be visualized as well as semi-trans parent objects. One application of the system is therapy planning in heart surgery.
Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Bioequivalence Assessment of Two Marketed Brands of Nevirapine Tablets in Healthy Indian Volunteers (2011)

Nevirapine (CAS 129618-40-2), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has been effectively used for treatment of HIV-infected patients. A randomized, two-way, crossover study was conducted in 24 fasting, healthy, Indian male subjects to compare plasma pharmacokinetic profile and single-dose tolerability of a new nevirapine tablet formulation (test, T) with that of a reference (R) tablet. Each volunteer received T and R formulations separated by at least 19 days of drug free wash-out period. Plasma concentrations of nevirapine, determined up to 288 h post dose by a sensitive and validated HPLC assay, were utilized to assess pharmacokinetic parameters such as the maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), and area under plasma concentration curve (AUCinfinity). The primary plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of anti-retroviral substances, Cmax and AUCinfinity, were comparable for either of the formulations. Oral absorption of nevirapine was almost complete within 5 h. Geometric mean ratios (% reference) of AUCinfinity and Cmax and their 90% confidence intervals were 96.9 [93.69-100.24] and 100.8 [94.61-107.4], respectively. As the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio were entirely within 80 to 125% for log-transformed parameters, the two formulations were considered bioequivalent in the extent and rate of absorption. Both formulations exhibited similar tolerability under fasting conditions.