gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mid-wavelength IR (MWIR) polarizers from glassy cholesteric liquid crystals (1999)

The investigation of glass-forming liquid crystalline materials for mid wave infrared polarization applications is driven by their low melt viscosity and ability to vitrify order, and thus functionality, into films with a wide range of thicknesses. Commercially available polarizers that function in the mid-wave infrared region suffer from poor polarization contrast, high cost, and limited size. In this work, we explore the feasibility of using cyclic siloxanebased liquid crystalline materials with chiral mesogens to form circular polarizers in the midwave infrared spectrum (3-5mum). Specifically, we have designed a cholesteric molecular blend to possess the proper helical twisting power to exhibit a selective reflection notch in the 4.0-4.5mum region. We have fabricated circular polarizers using shear under a number of processing conditions, and explored their performance as measured by polarization contrast. Processed films with reflection notches at the proper wavelength and near theoretical reflection performance have been prepared. A proper balance between film thickness and cooling rate has led to the demonstration of optically transparent and uniform films on 1 inch diameter substrates. The use of simple alignment layers was demonstrated to yield consistent formation of Grandjean monodomains, by reducing the tendency of the large pitch blends to spontaneously form a fingerprint molecular orientation observed in cells with untreated surfaces. The measured polarization contrast of 70:1 exceeds the values obtained from state-of-the art commercial polarizers in this wavelength region.
Generation and characterization of a unique reagent that recognizes a panel of recombinant human monoclonal antibody therapeutics in the presence of endogenous human IgG (2013)

Pharmacokinetic (PK) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays are essential to the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) during drug development. These methods require reagents with a high degree of specificity because low concentrations of therapeutic antibody need to be detected in samples containing high concentrations of endogenous human immunoglobulins. Current assay reagent generation practices are labor-intensive and time-consuming. Moreover, these practices are molecule-specific and so only support one assay for one program at a time. Here, we describe a strategy to generate a unique assay reagent, 10C4, that preferentially recognizes a panel of recombinant human mAbs over endogenous human immunoglobulins. This "panel-specific" feature enables the reagent to be used in PK and IHC assays for multiple structurally-related therapeutic mAbs. Characterization revealed that the 10C4 epitope is conformational, extensive and mainly composed of non-CDR residues. Most key contact residues were conserved among structurally-related therapeutic mAbs, but the combination of these residues exists at low prevalence in endogenous human immunoglobulins. Interestingly, an indirect contact residue on the heavy chain of the therapeutic appears to play a critical role in determining whether or not it can bind to 10C4, but has no affect on target binding. This may allow us to improve the binding of therapeutic mAbs to 10C4 for assay development in the future. Here, for the first time, we present a strategy to develop a panel-specific reagent that can expedite the development of multiple clinical assays for structurally-related therapeutic mAbs.
Performance of adaptive channel equalization techniques: DFEs, time-reversal, and connections to adaptive array processing (2003)

Several techniques for achieving coherent communications through underwater acoustic channels have been demonstrated in the recent literature. Among these include channel estimate based decision feedback equalization and active and passive time-reversal. However, no work has been appeared to date comparing the performance of these systems, either analytically or on common data. This paper will present a unified analysis of the performance of these techniques. Closed form expressions for the performance characteristics of each technique are presented. These expressions closely resemble those from the adaptive array processing literature for characterizing the performance of processors in the presence of environmental mismatch. The expressions lead to insights into the factors that impact equalizer performance. The performance of DFEs and the passive time-reversal technique is also compared using experimental data.
Safety and Feasibility for Pediatric Cardiac Regeneration Using Epicardial Delivery of Autologous Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mononuclear Cells Established in a Porcine Model System (2015)

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) requiring surgical palliation mandate new treatment strategies to optimize long-term outcomes. Despite the mounting evidence of cardiac regeneration, there are no long-term safety studies of autologous cell-based transplantation in the pediatric setting. We aimed to establish a porcine pipeline to evaluate the feasibility and long-term safety of autologous umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (UCB-MNCs) transplanted into the right ventricle (RV) of juvenile porcine hearts. Piglets were born by caesarean section to enable UCB collection. Upon meeting release criteria, 12 animals were randomized in a double-blinded fashion prior to surgical delivery of test article (n=6) or placebo (n=6). The UCB-MNC (3×10(6) cells per kilogram) or control (dimethyl sulfoxide, 10%) products were injected intramyocardially into the RV under direct visualization. The cohorts were monitored for 3 months after product delivery with assessments of cardiac performance, rhythm, and serial cardiac biochemical markers, followed by terminal necropsy. No mortalities were associated with intramyocardial delivery of UCB-MNCs or placebo. Two animals from the placebo group developed local skin infection after surgery that responded to antibiotic treatment. Electrophysiological assessments revealed no arrhythmias in either group throughout the 3-month study. Two animals in the cell-therapy group had transient, subclinical dysrhythmia in the perioperative period, likely because of an exaggerated response to anesthesia. Overall, this study demonstrated that autologous UCB-MNCs can be safely collected and surgically delivered in a pediatric setting. The safety profile establishes the foundation for cell-based therapy directed at the RV of juvenile hearts and aims to accelerate cell-based therapies toward clinical trials for CHD.
Novel Uncertainty-Based Well Test Design and G&G-Consistent Interpretation Technique Delivers Results in the Arctic for Wisting Field, Norwegian Barents Sea (2017)

Abstract Well tests for smart, horizontal wells in faulted and heterogeneous reservoirs with complex fluids and uncertain contacts are nearly impossible to design and interpret with geological consistency using traditional analytical methods. Such cases lend themselves to numerical reservoir simulation, but the number of uncertain parameters and their interaction can make design difficult and the interpretation process time-consuming. We used an uncertainty-based technique for test design and interpretation with numerical models for a test in the Norwegian Barents Sea. We describe a new global sensitivity analysis methodology to determine how the interaction of multiple uncertain reservoir parameters (such as water contact depth, fault transmissibility, reservoir permeability, and anisotropy) influences the uncertainty in the pressure derivative response. With time-dependent plots of parameter sensitivity, confident decisions can be made about the test duration and the ability to address test objectives. Our methodology shows how exploration of the full range of reservoir uncertainty gives confidence in the expected flowing conditions, which are used to manage operational risks. The results of the design study, which are fully-integrated with the geological and geophysical description of the reservoir, are used during real-time monitoring and final interpretation. The full methodology was applied for the first time to a well test targeting the shallow Mid-Jurassic Stø Formation in Wisting discovery, the northernmost oil discovery situated in the Hoop area of the Barents Sea. The test design clearly indicated that water breakthrough was not expected but that gas production could not be ruled out given the range of uncertainty of the reservoir parameters. The test was monitored in real time. From the hundreds of cases produced and analyzed, matches were obtained during monitoring to give an indication of the future behavior of the well during the final buildup. This helped to dictate the test plan and buildup duration. As predicted, interpretation of the final derivative was challenging due to reservoir complexity. Traditional analytical interpretation could easily have suggested sealing faults in the near-well vicinity. However, using an amalgamated numerical model derived from the initial real-time matches and then further calibrated to the test data, we provided an interpretation of all the data obtained during the test, including matching the liquid ratios and accounting for wellbore dynamics. We not only achieved a good pressure and pressure derivative match with a model coherent with the geology, but also confirmed connected volumes.
Germanium: An aqueous processing review (1995)

In industrial aqueous solutions, germanium generally occurs in trace amounts amid high concentrations of other metals, such as zinc, copper and iron. Separation of germanium from these metals as well as its isolation from gallium and indium pose a real challenge to the hydrometallurgist. After a brief discussion of the aqueous chemistry of germanium, this paper reviews the flowsheet of the Apex Mine in Utah. The Apex property was the only mine in the world to be operated primarily for production of gallium and germanium, but apparently closed due to great operating difficulties. Several process variants proposed for the treatment of the Apex ore, including bioleaching methods, are addressed. Following a more general description of the behavior of germanium in hydrometallurgical zinc processing streams, available technology for its recovery from aqueous solutions is summarized. Precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange, electrowinning, ion flotation and liquid-membrane separation are all outlined in terms of the aqueous chemistry of germanium. Finally, the production of high purity germanium dioxide and metal is briefly discussed. 61 refs.
ECAP: Processing Fundamentals and Recent Progresses (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Principle of ECAP Shearing Characteristic Microstructural Evolution Effect of Channel Angles on Microstructures Pressing Speed ECAP Temperature Applied Load Temperaturere Measurement during ECAP Sample Size References
ChemInform Abstract: KRISTALLISIERTE GERMANIUMHALTIGE PI‐RADIKALE (1971)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Phenoxyls (I) mit Diaryl‐Ge‐dihalogeniden (II) führt zu den paramagnetischen Ge‐haltigen Radikalen (III), die ebenso aus den entsprechenden Pb‐ und Sn‐Verbindungen (IV) erhalten werden.
Burn performance of inertial confinement fusion targets (1988)

The effect of the slowing-down rate of fusion products on the burn wave propagation velocity and the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target yield has been studied. The results indicate that the yield of strongly burning targets is relatively insensitive to the fusion product slowing-down expression. Marginally burning targets are much more sensitive to the fusion product slowing-down rate.
An in-situ cell for characterization of solids by soft X-ray absorption (2007)

An in-situ cell using ''lab-on-a-chip'' technologies has been designed and tested for characterization of catalysts and environmental materials using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy at photon energies above 250 eV. The sample compartment is 1.0 mm in diameter with a gas path length of 0.8 mm to minimize X-ray absorption in the gas phase. The sample compartment can be heated to 533 K by an Al resistive heater and gas flows up to 5.0 cm{sup 3} min{sup -1} can be supplied to the sample compartment through microchannels. The performance of the cell was tested by acquiring Cu L{sub 3}-edge XANES data during the reduction and oxidation of a silica-supported Cu catalyst using the beam line 11.0.2 Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source of LBNL. Two-dimensional images of individual catalyst particles were recorded at photon energies between 926 eV and 937 eV, the energy range in which the Cu(II) and Cu(I) L{sub 3} absorption edges are observed. Oxidation state specific images of the catalyst clearly show the disappearance of Cu(II) species during the exposure of the oxidized sample to 4% CO in He while increasing the temperature from 308 K to 473 K. Reoxidation restores the intensity of the image associated with Cu(II). L-edge XANES spectra obtained from stacks of STXM images show that with increasing temperature the Cu(II) peak intensity decreases as the Cu(I) peak intensity increases.
Alternating Minimization Algorithm with Automatic Relevance Determination for Transmission Tomography under Poisson Noise (2015)

We propose a globally convergent alternating minimization (AM) algorithm for image reconstruction in transmission tomography, which extends automatic relevance determination (ARD) to Poisson noise models with Beer's law. The algorithm promotes solutions that are sparse in the pixel/voxel--difference domain by introducing additional latent variables, one for each pixel/voxel, and then learning these variables from the data using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Importantly, the proposed AM algorithm is free of any tuning parameters with image quality comparable to standard penalized likelihood methods. Our algorithm exploits optimization transfer principles which reduce the problem into parallel one-dimensional optimization tasks (one for each pixel/voxel), making the algorithm feasible for large-scale problems. This approach considerably reduces the computational bottleneck of ARD associated with the posterior variances. Positivity constraints inherent in transmission tomography problems are also enforced. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm for x-ray computed tomography using synthetic and real-world datasets. The algorithm is shown to have much better performance than prior ARD algorithms based on approximate Gaussian noise models, even for high photon flux. Sample code is available from http://www.yan-kaganovsky.com/\#!code/c24bp.
Medical therapy for primary sclerosing cholangitis (2011)

The meta-analysis by Triantos et al.,1 together with a recently published Cochrane review,2 give us some insights on the roles of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). PSC, characterised by inflammation and fibrosis of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts,3 is a chronic cholestatic liver disease without effective medical treatments.4 Unlike primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC),5 randomised controlled trials of ursodeoxycholic acid in PSC showed conflicting results.6, 7 Apart from several important clinical outcomes including mortality, cholangiocarcinoma and histological progression, the current meta-analysis also addressed the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on two important symptoms (pruritus and fatigue). No significant difference could be identified in all comparisons. These findings were similar to those by another meta-analysis.8 The quality of a meta-analysis is only as good as the studies included in the analysis.9 Limited by the low prevalence of PSC worldwide, the randomised controlled trials included in the current meta-analysis were mostly underpowered for clinical events. Before dismissing ursodeoxycholic acid as ineffective in PSC, it would be helpful to perform subgroup analysis to test if the treatment may be more useful in some PSC patients, such as those with different stages of disease. In addition, quality of life analysis may be more sensitive than crude symptom scores in assessing the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on symptomatic control.10 The use of prognostic scores such as the model for end-stage liver disease, or even as simple as serum albumin level11 may also serve as surrogate markers for clinical outcomes. Declaration of personal interests: Grace LH Wong has served as a speaker for Echosens. Vincent WS Wong has served in the advisory boards of Novartis, Roche, Gilead and Otsuka. He is also a speaker for Abbott Diagnostics, Novartis, Roche, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Echosens. Declaration of funding interests: None.
High-Frequency Resonator Using A1 Lamb Wave Mode in LiTaO3 Plate (2019)

Acoustic wave devices utilizing plate waves in thin lithium tantalate (LiTaO<sub>3</sub>) have the potential of achieving high resonance frequency with a suitable electromechanical coupling factor and a relatively small temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF). The influence of Euler angle and plate thickness on the characteristics of plate waves has been investigated. High-frequency resonators using first antisymmetric Lamb wave mode (A<sub>1</sub>) in (0°, 42°, 0°) LiTaO<sub>3</sub> thin plates have been fabricated and optimized. The resonance frequency is as high as 5 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 7.3% and an impedance ratio of 72 dB. Finally, the TCF of (0°, 42°, 0°) LiTaO<sub>3</sub> has been evaluated. Therefore, it is proved that A<sub>1</sub> Lamb wave mode propagating in LiTaO<sub>3</sub> at a Euler angle close to (0°, 42°, 0°) is suitable for high-frequency devices.
Top-spray fluid bed coating: Scale-up in terms of relative droplet size and drying force (2006)

Abstract Top-spray fluid bed coating scale-up experiments have been performed in three scales in order to test the validity of two parameters as possible scaling parameters: The drying force and the relative droplet size. The aim was to be able to reproduce the degree of agglomeration as well as the mechanical properties of the coated granules across scale. Two types of placebo enzyme granule cores were tested being non-porous glass ballotini cores (180–350 μm) and low porosity sodium sulphate cores (180–350 μm). Both types of core materials were coated with aqueous solutions of Na2SO4 using Dextrin as binder. Coating experiments were repeated for various drying force and relative droplet size values in three top-spray fluid bed scales being a small-scale (Type: GEA Aeromatic-Fielder Strea-1), medium-scale (Type: Niro MP-1) and large-scale (Type: GEA MP-2/3). The tendency of agglomeration was assessed in terms of particle size fractions larger than 425 μm determined by sieve analysis. Results indicated that the particle size distribution may be reproduced across scale with statistical valid precision by keeping the drying force and the relative droplet size constant across scale. It is also shown that none of the two parameters alone may be used for successful scaling. Morphology and microscope studies indicated that the coating layer is homogenous and has similar structures across scale only when both the drying force and the relative droplet size were fixed. Impact and attrition tests indicated that it is possible to produce granules with similar attrition and impact strength across scale and that the two types of mechanical properties are inversely related.
Distinct Mechanisms of Mismatch-Repair Deficiency Delineate Two Modes of Response to Anti–PD-1 Immunotherapy in Endometrial Carcinoma (2022)

The molecular mechanism of MMRd is associated with response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in endometrial carcinoma. Tumors with epigenetic MMRd or mutational MMRd are correlated with NK cell or CD8+ T cell-driven immunity, respectively. Classifying tumors by the mechanism of MMRd may inform clinical decision-making regarding cancer immunotherapy. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247.
[Paper] Time-of-flight Range Image Sensor Based on Exposure Coding with a Multi-aperture Imaging System (2015)

A three-dimensional measurement scheme based on a time-of-flight method using a multi-aperture image capturing system is proposed. Temporal coding of exposure time for each aperture is individually provided by equipping an electronic shutter controller for every sub block of a pixel array in an image sensor. The measurement frequency is enhanced by capturing multiple temporally coded images simultaneously. The results of preliminary experiments for confirming measurement of the phase of optical signal modulated at a higher frequency than the frame rate of the image sensor are presented.
P925 Deep functional assessment of the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota in Crohn’s disease and health identifies pro- and anti- inflammatory secretomes and associated bacterial consortia. The ENIGMA study (2023)

Abstract Background Gut microbial dysbiosis and dysregulated host immune responses are key factors implicated in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis. However, the nexus between the mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) and epithelial cell immune response(s) remains poorly understood. Here, we used in vitro cultures of LS174T human epithelial cells to examine the inflammatory tenor of the secretomes from colonic MAM recovered from healthy and Crohn’s disease subjects in Hong Kong (where Crohn’s disease incidence is low but increasing) and Australia (globally high incidence). Methods Biopsies from healthy (21 HKG, 20 AUS) and Crohn’s disease (30 HKG, 29 AUS) subjects were collected from the right colon and the MAM propagated from tissue using a habitat simulating medium. After 24h of growth, cultures were centrifuged, and the supernatant (secretome) fraction filter sterilised. For the immune assays, the LS174T cell line was transfected with recombinant lentivirus to provide an NF-κB:luc (luciferase) reporter gene fusion (Cellomics Technology, MD, USA) and aliquots used to inoculate 96-well microtiter plates and cultured for 24 h under standard conditions. Cultures were then challenged for 4 hours with 0.1 vol of a MAM secretome. Luc-bioluminescence was measured as a marker of NF-κB transcriptional activity from the individual wells and normalised to the reporter gene response from cells challenged with sterile, uninoculated bacterial medium. Results Across the 100 MAM secretomes tested, the median score for NF-ĸB activation was 104.4% relative to the medium control, suggesting most of the secretomes possessed a net neutral effect, with the 1st and 4th quartiles deemed stimulatory (&amp;gt;126% baseline activity) and suppressive (&amp;lt;92% baseline activity), respectively. There was no significant relationship found between a secretome’s inflammatory score and its corresponding α-diversity metric, nor was there any distinct clustering of the secretomes according to country of origin and/or case-control groups. However, the relative abundances of Roseburia spp. and Clostridium innocuum were significantly enriched in those consortia producing immunostimulatory secretomes. In contrast, the relative abundances of Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Ruminococcus gnavus, Parabacteroides distasonis, Blautia sp. CAG257 and Bacteroides xylanisolvens were enriched, and that of Coprococcus comes depleted, in those microbial consortia producing immunosuppressive secretomes. Conclusion Specific bacterial taxa drive the functional signature of the colonic MAM secretome in an immunostimulatory or suppressive direction. The ENIGMA study is supported by a grant from the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust