gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precision measurement of D meson mass differences (2013)

A bstract Using three- and four-body decays of D mesons produced in semileptonic b -hadron decays, precision measurements of D meson mass differences are made together with a measurement of the D 0 mass. The measurements are based on a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 . 0 fb −1 collected in pp collisions at 7 TeV. Using the decay D 0 → K + K − K − π + , the D 0 mass is measured to be $ M\left( {{D^0}} \right)={{{1864.75\pm 0.15\left( {\mathrm{stat}} \right)\pm 0.11\left( {\mathrm{syst}} \right)\mathrm{MeV}}} \left/ {{{c^2}}} \right.}. $ The mass differences $ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{{{M\left( {{D^{+}}} \right)-M\left( {{D^0}} \right)=4.76\pm 0.12\left( {\mathrm{stat}} \right)\pm 0.07\left( {\mathrm{syst}} \right)\mathrm{MeV}}} \left/ {{{c^2}}} \right.},} \hfill \\ {{{{M\left( {{D^s}} \right)-M\left( {{D^{+}}} \right)=98.68\pm 0.03\left( {\mathrm{stat}} \right)\pm 0.04\left( {\mathrm{syst}} \right)\mathrm{MeV}}} \left/ {{{c^2}}} \right.}} \hfill \\ \end{array} $ are measured using the D 0 → K + K − π + π − and $ D_{(s)}^{+}\to {K^{+}}{K^{-}}{\pi^{+}} $ modes.
Pathogenesis of wild-type and leaderless foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle (1996)

Four calves were experimentally infected via aerosol with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Two were infected with a wild-type virus derived from a full-length infectious clone (A12-IC), and two were infected with a clone-derived virus lacking the leader gene (A12-LLV2), with euthanasia and tissue collection at 24 and 72 h postexposure (hpe). Clinical disease was apparent only in the animal given A12-IC and euthanized at 72 hpe. In situ hybridization revealed that the animal infected with A12-IC and euthanized at 24 hpe had abundant viral nucleic acid in the lung, present in clusters of positive cells in the respiratory bronchiolar epithelium and associated subepithelial regions. At 72 hpe in the A12-IC-infected calf, viral nucleic acid in the lung was present in interstitial areas, and in addition, viral nucleic acid was detectable in epithelial tissues around histologically apparent vesicles. In animals infected with A12-LLV2, viral nucleic acid was detectable in the lung at both 24 and 72 hpe, but staining revealed a more localized distribution with less nucleic acid than was found in animals given A12-IC. Therefore, it appears that after aerosol exposure to A12-IC, early replication is in the region of the lung, with subsequent dissemination to distal sites. In comparison, the A12-LLV2 virus is much less widely disseminated in the lung at 24 hpe, with no lesions or virus detectable in secondary sites at 72 hpe. The greatly reduced pathogenicity of A12-LLV2 may make it an excellent candidate for a modified live viral vaccine.
Novel inorganic polymer derived microreactors for organic microchemistry applications (2008)

Microreactors fabricated with optically transparent inorganic polymers from two types of precursors using a UV-microimprinting process demonstrated reliable solvent resistance and capability for performing three model organic synthetic reactions, which were compared with batch systems and glass based microreactors.
Capital and whole life costs of buildings (2012)

This chapter examines the relationship between cost and value in construction projects, and discusses why architects should pay particular attention to their client's budgetary constraints. It describes the degree of risk which clients accept when undertaking construction projects, and the steps which designers can take to mitigate these risks. In describing the estimating and cost planning process, the chapter explains the discipline of the cost planning process, and the importance of the achievement of an appropriate level of fixity of design and specification at the conclusion of each RIB A project stage. It describes the information that is available to cost consultants in preparing estimates at different projects stages, and the degree of certainty that can be attached to these estimates. Risk and value management should be carried out throughout a project lifecycle, with early involvement of the entire integrated project team to minimise/manage risks.
Advanced Slit Detectors (1976)

Abstract : The specific objectives of this program were to fabricate, characterize and deliver forty gallium phosphide photoconductive slit detectors (0.05 x 0.0005 sq in.) and subject 35 of these detectors to a series of environmental tests; temperature cycle, humidity, vibration, solar exposure, thermal vacuum, electron irradiation, proton irradiation, and gamma ray exposure before delivery. Each detector was characterized for sensitivity, noise, dark resistance, speed of response and spectral response prior to and after each environmental exposure. Overall, these detectors have clearly demonstrated the capability of high sensitivity, sufficient speed and high tolerance to severe environmental conditions for future use in a strapdown stellar sensor.
MicroRNA-Based Classification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Oncogenic Role of miR-517a (2020)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous tumor that develops via activation of multiple pathways and molecular alterations. It has been a challenge to identify molecular classes of HCC and design treatment strategies for each specific subtype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in HCC pathogenesis and their expression profiles have been used to classify cancers. We analyzed miRNA expression in human HCC samples to identify molecular subclasses and oncogenic miRNAs.
Why a Global Time is Needed in a Dependable SoS (2014)

A system-of-systems (SoS) is a large information processing system formed by the integration of autonomous computer systems (called constituent systems, CS), physical machines and humans for the purpose of providing new synergistic services and/or more efficient economic processes. In a number of applications, e.g robotics, the autonomous CSs must coordinate their actions in the temporal domain to realize the desired objectives. In this paper we argue that the introduction of a proper global physical time establishes a shared view about the progress of physical time and helps to realize the temporal coordination of the autonomous CSs. The available global time can also be used to simplify the solution of many challenging problems within the SoS, such as distributed resource allocation, and helps to improve the dependability and fault-tolerance of the SoS.
Microbial determinants of effective donors in faecal microbiota transplantation for UC (2022)

ACTRN12619000611123.
Accumulation-Based Computing Using Phase-Change Memories With FET Access Devices (2015)

Phase-change materials and devices have received much attention as a potential route to the realization of various types of unconventional computing paradigms. In this letter, we present non-von Neumann arithmetic processing that exploits the accumulative property of phase-change memory (PCM) cells. Using PCM cells with integrated FET access devices, we perform a detailed study of accumulation-based computation. We also demonstrate efficient factorization using PCM cells, a technique that could pave the way for massively parallelized computations.
Oxygen Depletion and Slow Crack Growth in Sodium Beta″‐Alumina Solid Electrolytes (1986)

Slow crack growth in sodium beta''‐alumina solid electrolytes resulting from oxygen depletion at the tip of a sodium‐filled crack during sodium electrolysis is considered. Extreme depletion of oxygen may lead to a destructive reduction of the electrolyte at the crack tip, thus producing slow crack propagation. The time‐dependent and steady‐state oxygen concentration profiles in the sodium electrode are calculated and related to a critical flaw size for slow crack propagation.
2-Aminopteridin-4-one derivatives from 2, 3-dicyanopyrazine (2005)

2-Allylamino-3-cyanopyrazine (3) was transformed into 1-allylpteridin-4-one-2-thiones (4) by the reaction with isothiocyanates, and the thiones 4 were thermally converted into 2-allylthiopteridin-4-ones (5) by 3,3-sigmatropic rearrangement. The allylthio group of 5 was replaced by a butylamino group to give 2-butylaminopteridin-4-ones (6).
DNA Methylation and Gene Silencing in Cancer (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aeroelastic Analysis of a Large Airborne Wind Turbine (2018)

This paper presents an extension of the simulation code ASWING to aeroelastic analysis of an airborne wind turbine. The device considered in this study consists of a tethered rigid wing with onboard-mounted wind turbines designed for wind energy harvesting in crosswind flight operation. The electrically conducting tether is deployed from a ground station and represented as a linear elastic spring with stiffness, mass, and frontal area emulating the properties of the real tether. The tether splits into several bridle lines to distribute the load transfer from the wing and to some degree also constrain its roll motion. The comparatively short bridle lines are considered to be inelastic with insignificant mass and aerodynamic drag contributions. The simulation model is validated by wind tunnel tests of a simplified scale model of the bridled wing. The comparison of computed and measured dynamic aeroelastic response shows that the tether force and the geometry of the bridle line system can strongly influence the flutter speed of the wing. In a final step, the simulation model is used to analyze the divergence, control reversal and effectiveness, and flutter behavior of a next-generation large-scale airborne wind turbine. The results confirm the significant influence of the geometry of the bridle line system on static and dynamic aeroelastic phenomena. It is concluded that classical methods used for suppression of aeroelastic instabilities can be applied to bridled wings only if this influence is taken into account.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Based Design of Novel HIV Protease Inhibitors: Carboxamide‐ Containing 4‐Hydroxycoumarins and 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrones as Potent Nonpeptidic Inhibitors. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rubidium Manganese Hexacyanoferrate Solid Solutions: Towards Hidden Phases (2015)

The search for hidden phase using photo-induced phase transition is an important challenge in multistable materials. In this work we report the study of Prussian blue analogs of formula RbxMn[Fe(CN)6](x+2)/3. zH2O. For composition of Rb+ above 65 %, a thermal hysteresis loop is observed as a reflect of the electron-transfer phase transition from MnIII (S=5/2)-NC-FeIII (S=1/2) at high temperature (HT phase) to MnIII (S=2)-NC-FeII (S=0) at low temperature (LT phase). At low temperature the HT phase can be thermally quenched up to the T(TIESST) temperature (TIESST = Thermally-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping) above which it relaxes back to the LT phase. Upon the decrease of Rb+ amount, the thermal hysteresis and the T(TIESST) are getting closer and overlap for values of x below 65 %. For the latter compounds, the phase transition is inhibited and the hysteresis loop is hidden. By this simple consideration we explain the observation of Light-Induced Phase Collapse already reported giving also some trends to obtain new hidden phases. Keywords: Hidden phase, phase transition, photomagnetism, prussian blue analogs.
Surgical Interbody Research Group–radiographic assessment of interbody fusion devices: fusion criteria for anterior lumbar interbody surgery (2001)

The authors present their radiographic criteria for assessing fusion of the lumbar spine after anterior interbody fusion with intradiscal implants. These criteria include the assessment of plain radiographs, dynamic motion radiographs, and thin-cut computerized tomography scans. Fusion within the instrumented spinal motion segment can be determined using radiographic evaluation to assess spinal alignment on sequential examinations, angular and translational changes on dynamic motion studies, and device-host interface, and to identify new bone formation and bone remodeling. Finally, to aid the clinician in assessing fusion, the authors describe the five zones of fusion within the intervertebral disc space.
The Antioxidative Substances in Cacao Liquor. (1998)

The antioxidative substances contained in cacao liquor, which is one of the major ingredients of chocolate, were separated by column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Three major compounds were purified and two of them were identified by 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectra as (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (+)-catechin (CA). Their antioxidative activity was measured by monitoring the peroxide value of linoleic acid and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance values of erythrocyte ghost membranes and microsomes. EC and CA had strong antioxidative effects in all three methods, but one unidentified peak was found to be less effective. Additionally, we analyzed the polyphenol concentration of cacao liquor extractions produced in several countries. The total polyphenol concentration was 7.0 to 13.0%, catechin concentration was 0.31 to 0.49%, and epicatechin concentration was 0.35 to 1.68% in the extractions. It is believed that chocolate is stable against oxidative deterioration on account of the presence of these polyphenolic compounds, and it is also expected to have a protective role against lipid peroxidation in living systems.
Patterning in the era of atomic scale fidelity (2015)

Relentless scaling of advanced integrated devices drives feature dimensions towards values which can be expressed in small multiples of the lattice spacing of silicon. One of the consequences of dealing with features on such an atomic scale is that surface properties start to play an increasingly important role. To encompass both dimensional as well as compositional and structural control, we introduce the term “atomic scale fidelity.” In this paper, we will discuss the challenges as well as new solutions to achieve atomic scale fidelity for patterning etch processes. Fidelity of critical dimensions (CD) across the wafer is improved by means of the Hydra Uniformity System. Wafer, chip and feature level atomic scale fidelity such as etch rate uniformity, aspect ratio dependent etching (ARDE) /1/, selectivity and surface damage can be addressed with emerging atomic layer etching (ALE) approaches /2/.
Biopearling of Interconnected Outer Membrane Vesicle Chains by a Marine Flavobacterium (2019)

Large surface-to-volume ratios provide optimal nutrient uptake conditions for small microorganisms in oligotrophic habitats. The surface area can be increased with appendages. Here, we describe chains of interconnecting vesicles protruding from cells of strain Hel3_A1_48, affiliating with <i>Formosa</i> spp. within the <i>Flavobacteriia</i> and originating from coastal free-living bacterioplankton. The chains were up to 10 μm long and had vesicles emanating from the outer membrane with a single membrane and a size of 80 to 100 nm by 50 to 80 nm. Cells extruded membrane tubes in the exponential phase, whereas vesicle chains dominated on cells in the stationary growth phase. This formation is known as pearling, a physical morphogenic process in which membrane tubes protrude from liposomes and transform into chains of interconnected vesicles. Proteomes of whole-cell membranes and of detached vesicles were dominated by outer membrane proteins, including the type IX secretion system and surface-attached peptidases, glycoside hydrolases, and endonucleases. Fluorescein-labeled laminarin stained the cells and the vesicle chains. Thus, the appendages provide binding domains and degradative enzymes on their surfaces and probably storage volume in the vesicle lumen. Both may contribute to the high abundance of these <i>Formosa</i>-affiliated bacteria during laminarin utilization shortly after spring algal blooms.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Microorganisms produce membrane vesicles. One synthesis pathway seems to be pearling that describes the physical formation of vesicle chains from phospholipid vesicles via extended tubes. Bacteria with vesicle chains had been observed as well as bacteria with tubes, but pearling was so far not observed. Here, we report the observation of, initially, tubes and then vesicle chains during the growth of a flavobacterium, suggesting biopearling of vesicle chains. The flavobacterium is abundant during spring bacterioplankton blooms developing after algal blooms and has a special set of enzymes for laminarin, the major storage polysaccharide of microalgae. We demonstrated with fluorescently labeled laminarin that the vesicle chains bind laminarin or contain laminarin-derived compounds. Proteomic analyses revealed surface-attached degradative enzymes on the outer membrane vesicles. We conclude that the large surface area and the lumen of vesicle chains may contribute to the ecological success of this marine bacterium.
1.14*CM1A-LBCC: Localized Bond-Charge Corrected CM1A Charges for Condensed-Phase Simulations (2017)

The quality of the 1.14*CM1A and 1.20*CM5 charge models was evaluated for calculations of free energies of hydration. For a set of 426 neutral molecules, 1.14*CM1A and 1.20*CM5 yield MADs of 1.26 and 1.21 kcal/mol, respectively. The 1.14*CM1A charges, which can be readily obtained for large systems, exhibit large deviations only for a subset of functional groups. The results for these cases were systematically improved using localized bond-charge corrections (LBCC) by which offsetting adjustments are made to the partial charges for atoms in specified bond types. Only 19 LBCCs were needed to yield 1.14*CM1A-LBCC charges that reduce the errors for the 426 ΔG<sub>hyd</sub> values to only 0.61 kcal/mol. The modified charge method was also tested in computation of heats of vaporization and densities for pure organic liquids, yielding average errors of 1.40 kcal/mol and 0.024 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, similar to those for 1.14*CM1A.
Long-Lived Coherences for Homogeneous Line Narrowing in Spectroscopy (2010)

Line broadening, which can arise from inhomogeneities or homogeneous relaxation effects that lead to finite lifetimes of quantum states, is the Achilles' heel of many forms of spectroscopy. We show that line broadening may be considerably reduced by exploiting long lifetimes associated with superpositions of quantum states with different symmetry, termed long-lived coherences. In proton NMR of arbitrary molecules (including proteins) in isotropic solution, the slow oscillatory decays of long-lived coherences can yield spectra with very high resolution. This improvement opens the way to high-field magnetic resonance of molecular assemblies that are almost an order of magnitude larger than could be hitherto studied. Coherences between states of different symmetry may be useful in other forms of spectroscopy to cancel unwanted line broadening effects.
α-Melanocyte–stimulating Hormone Inhibits Lung Injury after Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (2004)

Combined acute renal and pulmonary failure has a very high mortality. In animals, lung injury develops after shock or visceral or renal ischemia. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is an antiinflammatory cytokine, which inhibits inflammatory, apoptotic, and cytotoxic pathways implicated in acute renal injury. We sought to determine if alpha-MSH inhibits acute lung injury after renal ischemia and to determine the early mechanisms of alpha-MSH action. Mice were subjected to renal ischemia treated with vehicle or alpha-MSH. At early time points, we measured organ histology, leukocyte accumulation, myeloperoxidase activity, activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun, and activator protein-1 pathways, in addition to messenger RNA for intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Renal ischemia rapidly activated kidney and lung nuclear factor-kappaB, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun, and activator protein-1 pathways, and distant lung injury. Alpha-MSH administration immediately before reperfusion significantly decreased kidney and lung injury and prevented activation of kidney and lung transcription factors and stress response genes, and lung intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha at early time points after renal ischemia/reperfusion. We conclude that distant lung injury occurs rapidly after renal ischemia. alpha-MSH protects against both kidney and lung damage after renal ischemia, in part, by inhibiting activation of transcription factors and stress genes early after renal injury.
Proteome-on-a-chip: Mirage, or on the horizon? (2006)

Proteomics has emerged as the next great scientific challenge in the post-genome era. But even the most basic form of proteomics, proteome profiling, i.e., identifying all of the proteins expressed in a given sample, has proven to be a demanding task. The proteome presents unique analytical challenges, including significant molecular diversity, an extremely wide concentration range, and a tendency to adsorb to solid surfaces. Microfluidics has been touted as being a useful tool for developing new methods to solve complex analytical challenges, and, as such, seems a natural fit for application to proteome profiling. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the field of microfluidics in four key areas related to this application: chemical processing, sample preconcentration and cleanup, chemical separations, and interfaces with mass spectrometry. We identify the bright spots and challenges for the marriage of microfluidics and proteomics, and speculate on the outlook for progress.
Separation of reflections via sparse ICA (2003)

We consider the problem of recovery of a scene recorded through a semirefective medium from its mixture with a virtual reflected image using the blind source separation (BSS) framework. We extend the Sparse ICA (SPICA) approach and apply it to the separation of the desired image from the superimposed images, without having any <i>a priory</i> knowledge about its structure and/or statistics. Advances in the SPICA approach are discussed. Simulations and experimental results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, and of its specific implementation in a simple algorithm of a low computational cost. The approach and the algorithm are generic and can be adapted and applied to a wide range of BSS problems involving one-dimensional signals or images.
CW Gunn Diodes in Composite Structure (Correspondence) (1969)

Parallel combinations of Gunn diodes for X-band are fabricated with three types of n-type GaAs crystals. The diodes are mesa structured and mounted upside down on a copper stud of a package in parallel combination. An output power of 450 mW in CW operation at an efficiency of 2.9 percent is obtained in a double-mounted diode at 9 GHz.
Superlattices of PbZrO3 and PbTiO3 prepared by multi-ion-beam sputtering (1996)

Artificial superlattices consisting of antiferroelectric PbZrO3 (PZO) and ferroelectric PbTiO3 (PTO) have been fabricated by a multi-ion-beam sputtering technique. The epitaxial PZO and PTO layers were sequentially grown on (100)Pt/MgO substrates at a low substrate temperature of 415 °C with a periodicity from 5 to 100 perovskite unit cells. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the superlattice structures with a-axis oriented PTO layers on a-axis oriented PZO layers. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the superlattice films were enhanced with increasing periodicity.