gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Antenna System Performance and Impairments in Long Term Evolution Radio Access Networks Using the Extended Spatial Channel Model (2014)

Consumer demand for rich content delivered to portable wireless devices is pushing the wireless industry and researchers to find ways to improve the efficiency of wireless networks. New technologies like LTE and LTE-Advanced are being refined and deployed to meet demands. This thesis studies three important areas of wireless communications using LTE; phase noise, Doppler and link adaptation and the performance of various multiple antenna systems. The thesis focuses on the performance of 4 base station antennas and results obtained with the advanced 3 rd Generation Partnership Project's (3GPP) extended spatial channel model (SCME). Simulations show the effect of each impairment and configuration on the LTE physical downlink shared channel. The best performing antenna configuration evaluated is the 4-transmitter, 4-port, correlated cross-polarized BS antenna when TM4's closed-loop spatial multiplexing is used. The results show that a 4 antenna BS setup provides gain over 2 BS antennas, despite the additional reference signal overhead, due to the greater set of precoding matrices available with 4 antenna ports. When only 2 ports are available, TM3's open-loop spatial multiplexing (OLSM) performs better than TM4 as the user equipment (UE) becomes mobile, since 2-port TM3 is less dependent on the channel state information. The practical implementation issues of link adaptation are shown to cause a significant drop in throughput at medium and high UE velocities. The results in the thesis suggest that improving the latency of the link adaptation loop with low complexity algorithms, or an increase in processing power, along with adaptive link adaptation reporting intervals can keep uplink overhead low and maintain a higher throughput as velocity increases. The UE velocity is also pushed to extremes in the high speed train on railway simulations and shows that LTE can operate with some throughput degradation at 350 km/hr. Finally, the LTE downlink is also subjected to phase noise; an important impairment present in communication systems employing up/down-conversion. The generated phase noise and the measured phase noise simulations show the effect of phase noise on the throughput. As expected, the relatively quiet measured phase noise does not significantly degrade the LTE downlink.
Cloning and characterization of putative genes that specify sensitivity to neoplastic transformation by tumor promoters (1986)

Two putative genes (termed pro 1 and pro 2) specifying sensitivity to induction of neoplastic transformation by TPA in mouse epidermal JB6 cells were cloned by sib selection from a size-selected genomic library of clonal cells sensitive to promotion of transformation. By restriction analysis, heteroduplex analysis, direct hybridization, and sequencing, the putative genes are different from and have no homology to known oncogenes. Both genes are independently and equally active as total DNA in the transfection assay. The transformation-promoting potential of these putative genes does not appear to result from gene amplification or detectable rearrangements, suggesting that small structural changes might confer the promoting activity. The mouse pro sequences are also found in monkey and human DNAs. The pro-1 sequence is homologous to middle repetitive elements in the mouse genome, namely the BAM 5 and B1 repeats. The sequence of pro-1 was determined and suggests that it contains the signals to be transcribed by RNA polymerase II and to encode a protein of 7.1 kDa.
Microbeam X-ray Diffraction from the Cross-section of Metallic Materials with Inhomogeneous Structure (1991)

The accuracy in the determination of lattice parameters of diffraction patterns by means of microbeam X-ray diffraction method has been studied with a curved position sensitive proportional counter for the cross-sectional measurements of partially crystallized Fe-B-Si amorphous ribbons and sintered Ni-Cu-Mo alloyed steels after case-hardening.It was found that the accuracy of lattice parameters was 0.2% when the parallel X-ray beam with 50 μm width was used. The sizes of X-ray spots at the specimen surface were two or three times as large as those of the collimeters.The crystalline phases formed in a thick amorphous ribbon by rapid quenching of Fe78.5B13Si8.5 alloy liquid were α-Fe(Si) and Fe2B. The critical thickness of glass formation in the present quenching condition was about 40 μm.Standard diviation of the dimensional change in the sintered compacts of Ni-Cu-Mo alloyed steel powders became smaller when Ni content increased, because microstrain in the martensitic structure became smaller with Ni content after case-hardening.
The International Diabetes Closed-Loop Study: Testing Artificial Pancreas Component Interoperability (2019)

CGMs and insulin pumps can be interchangeable in the same Mobile AP system, as long as these devices achieve certain levels of reliability and wireless connection stability.
On the Study of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces in the Near-Field Region (2022)

As reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is expected to be implemented with a large aperture in terms of wavelengths, using a RIS to perform near-field rather than conventional far-field communications might gain some benefits. The electric fields in the near-field region from the near-field focusing and conventional far-field RISs are simulated and compared to assess and validate the benefits. Two metrics of benefit distance and near-field gain are defined to characterize the electric fields in the near-field region. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) related to the near-field gain is calculated to describe the benefits in the area of interest where the total scan patterns from the near-field focusing and conventional far-field RISs are plotted. For demonstration, the benefit distance, near-field gain, and CDFs are presented and calculated for near-field focusing RISs with assigned focal distances of 80 and 300 mm. It is concluded that the benefit distance is a critical factor affecting the CDF directly. The effects of the size of a RIS and phase quantization of elements on the benefit distance, near-field gain, and CDF are also discussed. Moreover, the maximum focal distance of a near-field focusing RIS with a certain size is derived and specified. Finally, the electric fields of three prototypes (e.g., conventional far-field RIS, near-field focusing RISs with assigned focal distances of 500 and 1500 mm) at 26 GHz are measured and compared, where the benefit distances and near-field gains are experimentally observed.
Farnesyltransferase‐Inhibitoren hemmen das Wachstum von Malaria‐Erregern in vitro und in vivo (2003)

Die Hemmung der Farnesyltransferase wurde kürzlich als neues Prinzip in der Malariatherapie vorgeschlagen. Die hier vorgestellten Farnesyltransferase-Inhibitoren, z. B. 1, sind in vitro und erstmalig auch im Mausmodell gegen Plasmodien wirksam und reduzieren die Farnesylierung von Parasiten-Proteinen signifikant.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,5‐Diamino‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 1,1‐Dioxide Derivatives: Synthesis and Antiparasitic Activity. (1987)

Abstract The thiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides (III) and (IVb) ‐ (IVe) are prepared from (I) or (IVa) by simple substitution reactions.
Intentionally encapsulated metal alloys within vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube array via chemical vapor deposition technique (2017)

This paper presents a growth and characterization of vertically aligned PdxCoi-x alloy encapsulated inside Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) arrays on Pd/Co thin layers coated on Si substrate by a dc bias-enhanced plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The Metal Alloy Encapsulated within MWCNTs (MAE-MWCNTs) were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM images show the teardrop-shape particles encapsulated within the tube top of MWCNTs. A vibrating sample magnetometer was used to study the magnetism of a large number of MAE-MWCNTs on Si substrate at room temperature. The hysteresis loop of the ME-MWCNTs shows clear ferromagnetic behavior and the easy axis of magnetization is parallel to the MEA-MWCNT tube axis, as can be elucidated from the large coercive fields and remanence values. Moreover, TEM off-axis electron holograms were used to study the magnetism of the individual MAE-MWCNT or the two pair of MAE-MWCNTs. Based on electron holography, we have successfully obtained the saturation magnetization of 0.7 T and 1.12 T for the individual MAE-MWCNT with diameters of 41 nm and 83 nm, respectively.
Vickrey–Clarke–Groves Mechanisms (2004)

This chapter describes the important contributions of Vickrey, Clarke and Groves (VCG) to the theory of mechanism design. Vickrey (1961) analyzed a situation in which bidders compete to buy or sell a collection of goods. Later, Clarke (1971) and Groves (1973) studied the public choice problem, in which agents decide whether to undertake a public project – e.g. construction of a bridge or highway – whose cost must be borne by the agents. This latter analysis formally includes any choice from a finite set. In particular, it includes the Vickrey analysis for the case of discrete assets. We limit attention in this chapter to the case of finite choice sets to bypass technical issues associated with infinite choice sets, particularly issues associated with the existence of a best choice.
Neural Alignment for Face De-pixelization (2020)

We present a simple method to reconstruct a high-resolution video from a face-video, where the identity of a person is obscured by pixelization. This concealment method is popular because the viewer can still perceive a human face figure and the overall head motion. However, we show in our experiments that a fairly good approximation of the original video can be reconstructed in a way that compromises anonymity. Our system exploits the simultaneous similarity and small disparity between close-by video frames depicting a human face, and employs a spatial transformation component that learns the alignment between the pixelated frames. Each frame, supported by its aligned surrounding frames, is first encoded, then decoded to a higher resolution. Reconstruction and perceptual losses promote adherence to the ground-truth, and an adversarial loss assists in maintaining domain faithfulness. There is no need for explicit temporal coherency loss as it is maintained implicitly by the alignment of neighboring frames and reconstruction. Although simple, our framework synthesizes high-quality face reconstructions, demonstrating that given the statistical prior of a human face, multiple aligned pixelated frames contain sufficient information to reconstruct a high-quality approximation of the original signal.
Large-Scale Enantioselective Reduction of 2,3-Disubstituted Indenopyridine Enables a Practical Manufacturing Process for an 11β-HSD-1 Inhibitor (2021)

An economical and practical manufacturing process for an 11β-HSD-1 inhibitor is reported. The key feature of the synthesis is the identification of a unique and effective MeO-BoQPhos ligand for the Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a fused tricyclic indenopyridinium salt. It is the first highly reactive chiral P,N ligand system to be utilized in asymmetric pyridine reduction. The enantioenriched indanopiperidine was produced with a low catalyst loading of 1000 ppm [Ir(COD)Cl]2. The challenges and solutions for final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) physicochemical properties are also described. This asymmetric synthesis of the API was accomplished in 38% overall yield with >99.8% ee and >99.5 area % purity. This overall process results in a much shorter production cycle and significant waste reduction on the manufacturing scale.
Performance analysis of orthogonal space-time block codes in spatially correlated MIMO Nakagami fading channels (2006)

Orthogonal space-time block coding (STBC) is an open-loop transmit diversity scheme that decouples the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel, thereby reducing the space-time decoding into a scalar detection process. This characteristic of STBC makes it a powerful tool, achieving full diversity over MIMO fading channels, and requiring little computational cost for both the encoding and decoding processes. In this paper, we exploit the single-input single-output equivalency of STBC in order to analyze its performance over nonselective Nakagami fading channels in the presence of spatial fading correlation. More specifically, we derive exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability and ergodic capacity of STBC, when the latter is employed over spatially correlated MIMO Nakagami fading channels. Moreover, we derive the exact symbol error probability of coherent M-PSK and M-QAM, when these modulation schemes are used along with STBC over such fading channels. The derived formulae are then used to assess the robustness of STBC to spatial correlation by considering general MIMO correlation models and analyzing their effects on the outage probability, ergodic capacity, and symbol error probability achieved by STBC.
European Multicentre Tics in Children Studies (EMTICS): protocol for two cohort studies to assess risk factors for tic onset and exacerbation in children and adolescents (2018)

Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity and environmental factors [e.g. pre- and perinatal difficulties, Group A Streptococcal (GAS) and other infections, stress-inducing events] might interact to create a neurobiological vulnerability to the development of tics and associated behaviours. However, the existing evidence for this relies primarily on small prospective or larger retrospective population-based studies, and is therefore still inconclusive. This article describes the design and methodology of the EMTICS study, a longitudinal observational European multicentre study involving 16 clinical centres, with the following objectives: (1) to investigate the association of environmental factors (GAS exposure and psychosocial stress, primarily) with the onset and course of tics and/or obsessive-compulsive symptoms through the prospective observation of at-risk individuals (ONSET cohort: 260 children aged 3-10 years who are tic-free at study entry and have a first-degree relative with a chronic tic disorder) and affected individuals (COURSE cohort: 715 youth aged 3-16 years with a tic disorder); (2) to characterise the immune response to microbial antigens and the host's immune response regulation in association with onset and exacerbations of tics; (3) to increase knowledge of the human gene pathways influencing the pathogenesis of tic disorders; and (4) to develop prediction models for the risk of onset and exacerbations of tic disorders. The EMTICS study is, to our knowledge, the largest prospective cohort assessment of the contribution of different genetic and environmental factors to the risk of developing tics in putatively predisposed individuals and to the risk of exacerbating tics in young individuals with chronic tic disorders.
Rapid Molecular Diagnostics, Antibiotic Treatment Decisions, and Developing Approaches to Inform Empiric Therapy: PRIMERS I and II (2015)

&lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;Background.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; Rapid molecular diagnostic (RMD) platforms may lead to better antibiotic use. Our objective was to develop analytical strategies to enhance the interpretation of RMDs for clinicians. &lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;Methods.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; We compared the performance characteristics of 4 RMD platforms for detecting resistance against β-lactams in 72 highly resistant isolates of &lt;I&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/I&gt; (PRIMERS I). Subsequently, 2 platforms were used in a blinded study in which a heterogeneous collection of 196 isolates of &lt;I&gt;E. coli&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/I&gt; (PRIMERS II) were examined. We evaluated the genotypic results as predictors of resistance or susceptibility against β-lactam antibiotics. We designed analytical strategies and graphical representations of platform performance, including discrimination summary plots and susceptibility and resistance predictive values, that are readily interpretable by practitioners to inform decision-making. &lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;Results.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; In PRIMERS I, the 4 RMD platforms detected β-lactamase (&lt;I&gt;bla&lt;/I&gt;) genes and identified susceptibility or resistance in &gt;95% of cases. In PRIMERS II, the 2 platforms identified susceptibility against extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems in &gt;90% of cases; however, against piperacillin/tazobactam, susceptibility was identified in &lt;80% of cases. Applying the analytical strategies to a population with 15% prevalence of ceftazidime-resistance and 5% imipenem-resistance, RMD platforms predicted susceptibility in &gt;95% of cases, while prediction of resistance was 69%–73% for ceftazidime and 41%–50% for imipenem. &lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;Conclusions.&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/B&gt; RMD platforms can help inform empiric β-lactam therapy in cases where &lt;I&gt;bla&lt;/I&gt; genes are not detected and the prevalence of resistance is known. Our analysis is a first step in bridging the gap between RMDs and empiric treatment decisions.
Studies of Temperature Elevation Due to the Pre-flame Reaction in a Spark-ignition Engine with CARS Temperature Measurements Using Fuels of Various Octane Numbers. (2002)

The unburned end-gas temperatures in a combustion chamber of a conventional 4-cylinder DOHC spark-ignition engine were measured using the broadband CARS temperature measurement technique. The test engine was fueled with primary reference fuel 80 and gasoline with research octane numbers of 70.9, 83.4, 91.5 and 100.4. The measured CARS temperatures were compared with the adiabatic core temperatures calculated from the measured pressures. Significant heating by pre-flame reaction in the end gas zone was observed in the late part of compression stroke under both knocking and non-knocking conditions. The measured CARS temperatures when the cylinder pressures were above 1400kPa were higher than the calculated adiabatic core temperatures. These results indicate that some exothermic reactions exist in relatively low pressure and temperature regions. The CARS temperatures began to be higher than the adiabatic core temperature when the end-gas temperatures reached 700K. The temperature elevation due to the pre-flame reaction correlated well with the unburned gas CARS temperature for different research octane number fuels tested.
Piezoelectricity in Aromatic Polyamide Thin Films Prepared by Vapor Deposition Polymerization (1996)

Thin films of aromatic polyamide were prepared from 4,4 ′ -diamino diphenyl ether (ODA) and 4,4 ′ -biphenyl dichloride (BPDC) by the vapor deposition polymerization method. The evaporation temperature of the ODA was fixed at 120° C and that of BPDC was varied from 118° C to 128° C. The film was poled by a corona discharge at 250° C for 30 min. The maximum piezoelectric constant e 31 of 0.8 mC/m 2 was obtained at the BPDC evaporation temperature of 124° C. The piezoelectric activity persisted up to 210° C.
Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of the 5-HT7Receptor (2018)

It is well-documented that serotonin (5-HT) exerts its pharmacological effects through a series of 5-HT receptors. The most recently identified member of this family, 5-HT<sub>7</sub>, was first identified in 1993. Over the course of the last 25 years, this receptor has been the subject of intense investigation, and it has been demonstrated that 5-HT<sub>7</sub> plays an important role in a wide range of pharmacological processes. As a result of these findings, modulation of 5-HT<sub>7</sub> activity has been the focus of numerous drug discovery and development programs. This review provides an overview of the roles of 5-HT<sub>7</sub> in normal physiology and the therapeutic potential of this interesting drug target.
Resveratrol ameliorates aging-related metabolic phenotypes by inhibiting cAMP phosphodiesterases (2012)

Resveratrol, a polyphenol in red wine, has been reported as a calorie restriction mimetic with potential antiaging and antidiabetogenic properties. It is widely consumed as a nutritional supplement, but its mechanism of action remains a mystery. Here, we report that the metabolic effects of resveratrol result from competitive inhibition of cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterases, leading to elevated cAMP levels. The resulting activation of Epac1, a cAMP effector protein, increases intracellular Ca2+ levels and activates the CamKKβ-AMPK pathway via phospholipase C and the ryanodine receptor Ca2+-release channel. As a consequence, resveratrol increases NAD+ and the activity of Sirt1. Inhibiting PDE4 with rolipram reproduces all of the metabolic benefits of resveratrol, including prevention of diet-induced obesity and an increase in mitochondrial function, physical stamina, and glucose tolerance in mice.
Aspergillus fumigatus Copper Export Machinery and Reactive Oxygen Intermediate Defense Counter Host Copper-Mediated Oxidative Antimicrobial Offense (2017)

The Fenton-chemistry-generating properties of copper ions are considered a potent phagolysosome defense against pathogenic microbes, yet our understanding of underlying host/microbe dynamics remains unclear. We address this issue in invasive aspergillosis and demonstrate that host and fungal responses inextricably connect copper and reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) mechanisms. Loss of the copper-binding transcription factor AceA yields an Aspergillus fumigatus strain displaying increased sensitivity to copper and ROI in vitro, increased intracellular copper concentrations, decreased survival in challenge with murine alveolar macrophages (AMΦs), and reduced virulence in a non-neutropenic murine model. ΔaceA survival is remediated by dampening of host ROI (chemically or genetically) or enhancement of copper-exporting activity (CrpA) in A. fumigatus. Our study exposes a complex host/microbe multifactorial interplay that highlights the importance of host immune status and reveals key targetable A. fumigatus counter-defenses.
Convenient and Improved Halogenation of 3,5‐Diarylisoxazoles Using N‐Halosuccinimides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In Search for Excellence: A comparative business model assessment of value creation capabilities in the computer games sector (2009)

This report presents the results of a study into the North West computer games sector for the North West Development Agency. The main objectives of this study were to pro???le games companies in the North West of England, map out their prevailing value chain, and review relevant national and international literature on the sector with two basic objectives in mind: ??? To provide a comparative assessment of games suppliers with reference to their critical business processes, technology usage, culture, people and skills employed. The aim was to generate insights into possible sources of best practice, drivers of competitive performance, and the identity of capabilities critical to enabling the resilience and adaptability of the sector to market changes and new technological innovations. ??? To provide an assessment of prevailing support initiatives and institutions for the computer games sector and generate recommendations as to the options for support likely to be both receptive by the industry and effective in terms of improved processes and capabilities of games producers.