gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting microspheres and cells to polyethylene glycol‐modified biological surfaces (2006)

It has previously been demonstrated that damaged arterial tissue can be acutely modified with protein-reactive polyethylene glycol (PEG) to block undesirable platelet deposition. This concept might be expanded by employing PEG-biotin and its strong interaction with avidin for site-specific targeted delivery. Toward this end, cultured endothelial cells (ECs) were surface modified with PEG-biotin and the available biotin was quantified with flow cytometry. NeutrAvidin-coated microspheres and PEG-biotin modified ECs with NeutrAvidin as a bridging molecule were delivered under arterial shear stress to PEG-biotin modified ECs on a coverslip as well as scrape-damaged bovine carotid arteries. After incubation with a 10 mM solution for 1 min, 8 x 10(7) PEG-biotin molecules/EC were found and persisted for up to 120 h. Perfused microspheres adhered to NHS-PEG-biotin treated bovine carotid arteries with 60 +/- 16 microspheres/mm(2) versus 11 +/- 4 microspheres/mm(2) for control arteries (p < 0.015). Similarly, 22 +/- 5 targeted ECs/mm(2) adhered to NHS-PEG-biotin treated bovine carotid arteries versus 6 +/- 2 ECs/mm(2) for control arteries (p < 0.01). The targeting strategy demonstrated here might ultimately find application for drug delivery, gene therapy, or cell therapy where localization to specific labeled vascular regions is desired following catheter-based or surgical procedures.
Material Technology of Conductive Wiring for Ink-jet Print (2011)

New material technology for ink-jet printing has been studied. The relationship between new insulator ink and conductor ink was investigated. The fine pattern with highly adhesive performance was obtained by the simple process without any photomask. Experimental results revealed that the contact angle and the sliding angle are important parameters. The insulator ink was used for the insulating, surface leveling and material adjusting between the conductive traces. The new metallization process to fabricate the conductive copper trace was also investigated. The temperature of the process was below 200°C, which is suitable for organic substrates. The volume resistivity and pull-strength testing showed that the developed inks are applicable to fabricate highly conductive, smooth and straight patterns.
Autoimmune pancreatitis misdiagnosed as a tumor of the head of the pancreas (2012)

Autoimmune pancreatitis can mimic pancreatic cancer in its clinical presentation, imaging features and laboratory parameters. Differentiating between those two entities requires implementation of clinical judgment and experience along with objective parameters that may suggest either condition. Few strategies have been proposed for the surgeon to implement when facing borderline cases. The following case is an example of a clinical scenario compatible with an accepted algorithm for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, which eventually proved wrong. We present a 75-year-old patient who was admitted for obstructive jaundice. Imaging features were highly suggestive for pancreatic cancer as was the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) level, leading to a decision for surgery. Pathological examination revealed autoimmune pancreatitis. Though no frank carcinoma was found, premalignant ductal changes of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) I and PanIN II were discovered throughout the pancreatic duct. Caution is advised when relying on the combination of highly suggestive radiology features and elevated levels of CA 19-9 in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. When the tissue diagnosis is not conclusive, obtaining IgG4 and antinuclear Ab levels is advised, to rule out the rare possibility of autoimmune pancreatitis. Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis should be followed carefully as precancerous lesions may accompany the benign disease and the correlation of these two entities has not been ruled out.
Internal Fragment (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
3-D Methods (1995)

Seismic data are usually collected along lines of traverse that form some sort of grid and the three-dimensional (3-D) picture of structure is deduced by interpolating between the lines. However, features seen on such seismic lines may be located off to the side of the lines rather than underneath the lines and small but important features (like faults) can occur between the lines. These produce errors in interpretation. 3-D surveys endeavor to obtain data uniformly distributed over an area rather than merely along lines, in order to correctly locate the geologic features that produce the seismic evidences. 3-D techniques also significantly reduce spatial noise.
Synthesis of polymers with regulated molecular weight. (1985)

Synthetic polymers are usually the mixture of molecules of different molecular weights. Since molecular weight and its distribution affect the fundamental properties of polymer materials, one of the most important subjects in synthetic chemistry is to establish facile and versatile procedures for the synthesis of polymers with regulated molecular weight, in view of the great demand for the design of polymer materials of elaborate functions. Up to now, however, the successful examples are limited. This paper describes our recent findings that some metalloporphyrins of aluminum are excellent catalyst of much wider applicability than the reported examples for the synthesis of polymers with regulated molecular weight. The polymer of epoxide or β-lactone, the copolymer of phthalic anhydride-epoxide or CO2-epoxide and their block copolymers are synthesized in the form of regulated molecular weight. The polymer formation takes place on the faces of metalloporphyrin.
Advances in Multi-Gate MOSFET Circuit Design (2007)

In this paper recent advances in multi-gate MOSFET (MuGFET) circuit design are reported. The feasibility of essential parts of low-power mobile SoC applications and large scale integration capability is shown. Excellent short channel control enables undoped metal gate MuGFETs to outperfom their planar counterparts in terms of delay-leakage trade-off. Superior voltage scaling efficiency and competitive performance is demonstrated for a product typical critical path. Design and layout optimization for improved SRAM cell stability is shown. Beneficial analog performance is exemplary demonstrated for an OpAmp. A potential degradation of ADC performance due to transient Vt mismatch is shown, the use of redundancy is proposed as countermeasure. Key RF building blocks are presented, MuGFET specific design issues are outlined. A comparison of different ESD elements yields a potential ESD protection scheme combining planar and MuGFET devices.
Sensitivity of early life stages of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) to acute and chronic toxicity of lead, cadmium, and zinc in water (2010)

Toxicity of lead, cadmium, or zinc to early life stages of freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea; Neosho mucket, L. rafinesqueana) was evaluated in 48-h exposures with mussel larvae (glochidia), in 96-h exposures with newly transformed (5-d-old) and two- or six-month-old juvenile mussels, or in 28-d exposures with two- or four-month-old mussels in reconstituted soft water. The 24-h median effect concentrations (EC50s) for fatmucket glochidia (>299 microg Pb/L, >227 microg Cd/L, 2,685 microg Zn/L) and 96-h EC50s for two- or six-month-old fatmucket (>426 microg Pb/L, 199 microg Cd/L, 1,700 microg Zn/L) were much higher than 96-h EC50s for newly transformed fatmucket (142 and 298 microg Pb/L, 16 microg Cd/L, 151 and 175 microg Zn/L) and Neosho mucket (188 microg Pb/L, 20 microg Cd/L, 145 microg Zn/L). Chronic values for fatmucket were 10 microg Pb/L, 6.0 microg Cd/L, and 63 and 68 microg Zn/L. When mussel data from the present study and the literature were included in updated databases for deriving U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality criteria, mussel genus mean acute values were in the lower percentiles of the sensitivity distribution of all freshwater species for Pb (the 26th percentile), Cd (the 15th to 29th percentile), or Zn (the 12th to 21st percentile). The mussel (Lampsilis) genus mean chronic value was the lowest value ever reported for Pb (the 9th percentile) but was near the middle of the sensitivity distribution for Cd (the 61st percentile) or Zn (the 44th percentile). These results indicate that mussels were relatively sensitive to the acute toxicity of these three metals and to the chronic toxicity of Pb, but were moderately sensitive to the chronic toxicity of Cd or Zn compared to other freshwater species.
Design and analysis of a low-profile 28 GHz beam steering antenna solution for Future 5G cellular applications (2014)

A first-of-the-kind 28 GHz antenna solution for the upcoming 5G cellular communication is presented in detail. Extensive measurements and simulations ascertain the proposed 28 GHz antenna solution to be highly effective for cellular handsets operating in realistic propagating environments.
Application of Fluorine- and Nitrogen-Walk Approaches: Defining the Structural and Functional Diversity of 2-Phenylindole Class of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators (2019)

Cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) allosteric ligands hold a far-reaching therapeutic promise. We report the application of fluoro- and nitrogen-walk approaches to enhance the drug-like properties of GAT211, a prototype CB1R allosteric agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM). Several analogs exhibited improved functional potency (cAMP, β-arrestin 2), metabolic stability, and aqueous solubility. Two key analogs, GAT591 (<b>6r</b>) and GAT593 (<b>6s</b>), exhibited augmented allosteric-agonist and PAM activities in neuronal cultures, improved metabolic stability, and enhanced orthosteric agonist binding (CP55,940). Both analogs also exhibited good analgesic potency in the CFA inflammatory-pain model with longer duration of action over GAT211 while being devoid of adverse cannabimimetic effects. Another analog, GAT592 (<b>9j</b>), exhibited moderate ago-PAM potency and improved aqueous solubility with therapeutic reduction of intraocular pressure in murine glaucoma models. The SAR findings and the enhanced allosteric activity in this class of allosteric modulators were accounted for in our recently developed computational model for CB1R allosteric activation and positive allosteric modulation.
Supplementary Figures 1 from Cell-Type-Specific Responses to Chemotherapeutics in Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1 from Cell-Type-Specific Responses to Chemotherapeutics in Breast Cancer
Gas sensor materials based on semiconductor nanocrystal / polymer composite films (2005)

We introduce here a new concept for selectivity improvement in chemical sensing. We have found that when semiconductor CdSe nanocrystals of different size were incorporated into a polymer film and photoactivated, each size of CdSe nanocrystals unexpectedly demonstrated its own photoluminescence (PL) response pattern upon exposure to polar and nonpolar vapors. When this composite response was processed using multivariate analysis, a single film with different size CdSe nanocrystals served as a selective sensor.
Wavelength conversion of optical 64QAM through FWM in HNLF and its performance optimization by constellation monitoring (2013)

All-optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) plays an important role in the future transparent optical networks, in order to enhance the re-configurability and non-blocking capacity. On the other hand, high-order quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs) have been extensively studied for achieving the high-speed and high-spectral-efficiency optical transmission. Since high-order QAMs are more sensitive to phase and amplitude noise, to implement an AOWC sub-system suitable for high-order QAM signals with minimized power penalty, it is important to optimize the operation conditions in order to avoid extra nonlinear distortions co-existed in the AOWC process. Our experimental results show that, constellation monitoring provides a more intuitive and accurate approach to monitor the converted high-order QAM signals, especially in presence of nonlinear phase noise such as self-phase modulation (SPM). We experimentally demonstrate an AOWC of 64QAM signal through four-wave mixing (FWM) in highly-nonlinear (HNLF). The performance of the AOWC is optimized through the constellation monitoring of the converted signal, achieving a negligible power penalty (<0.3 dB at BER of 10(-3)) for 60-Gbps 64QAM after conversion.
Coal liquefaction in a fluorocarbon medium. Final report, August 1982-November 1985. [1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline] (1985)

Since coal processed in a perfluorocarbon medium with low concentrations of reagents does not dissolve, increased solubility of the coal in a standard solvent (pyridine) can be taken as a measure of a chemical reaction between the reagent and coal. At 250C, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) reacts with coal, but other amines (quinoline, triethylamine and ethylene diamine) and hydrogen donators (tetralin) do not react. In the THQ reaction, three very different coals approach similar ultimate solubilities (33 to 35%) at similar rates, possibly indicating that the same type of chemical bond is being attacked in each case. THQ is effective in increasing coal solubility in perfluorocarbons (and in water), but not in dodecane, probably because THQ has borderline solubility in perfluorocarbons and thus effectively ''partitions'' into the pores of the coal particles.
Phase II trial of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) in adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). (2016)

TPS2596 Background: PNs in NF1 are a major source of morbidity, causing disfigurement, functional impairment, and pain. Selumetinib is an oral inhibitor of MEK 1/2, which may mediate anti-tumor effects in PNs by inhibiting Ras signaling. Selumetinib is currently undergoing evaluation in adult cancers, pediatric brain tumors and NF1 related PNs. Our phase I trial of selumetinib for children with NF1 and inoperable PNs demonstrated unprecedented activity with objective responses (PN volume decrease ≥ 20% using volumetric MRI analysis) in > 50% of patients (pts) enrolled. However, we have observed slow PN regrowth in several patients who required dose reductions for toxicity. This suggests that a certain selumetinib tissue concentration may be required for target inhibition and anti-tumor activity. Methods: This study will evaluate 1) the objective response rate to selumetinib in pts ≥ 18 years old with NF1 and inoperable, growing or symptomatic PNs, 2) PN and dermal neurofibroma (DN) biopsies prior to and on treatment with selumetinib for mechanisms of response and resistance, 3) the potential clinical benefit of selumetinib with evaluations of PN related pain, quality of life, and function, and 4) steady state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (cytokines, bone marrow derived precursor cells, and peripheral blood immune subsets). Willingness to undergo PN biopsies is required for eligibility. Pts will receive selumetinib at the adult recommended dose of 75 mg every 12 hours on a continuous dosing schedule (1 cycle = 28 days). PN biopsies will be analyzed for pERK, pAKT, pMEK, tumor kinome and transcriptome, and immune infiltrate. In addition, we will analyze and compare pERK, pAKT in DN. Response will be evaluated with periodic volumetric MRI analysis. Patient-reported outcome and adherence evaluations will be conducted. With a Simon two-stage design targeting a 45% response rate (90% power), if ≥ 5/20 pts in stage 1 respond, enrollment will be expanded to 35 evaluable patients and if ≥ 12/35 patients respond, selumetinib will be considered active. This CTEP-sponsored single site open label phase II study (NCT02644512) is currently enrolling patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02644512.
Intermittent Infusion Hemodiafiltration: The Principle and Its Clinical Application (2018)

The present study aimed to propose a new hemodiafiltration (HDF) method (intermittent infusion HDF) that repeats intermittent infusion during hemodialysis to temporarily enhance peripheral circulation and improves solute removal efficiency through (a) correcting blood distribution (increase in effective vascular surface area), (b) stirring body fluids, and (c) promoting solute removal and examining its clinical effects.
ON THE PERFORMANCE AND COST OF SOME PRAM MODELS ON CMP HARDWARE (2010)

The Parallel Random Access Machine is a very strong model of parallel computing that has resisted cost-efficient implementation attempts for decades. Recently, the development of VLSI technology has provided means for indirect on-chip implementation, but there are different variants of the PRAM model that provide different performance, area and power figures and it is not known how their implementations compare to each others. In this paper we measure the performance and estimate the cost of practical implementations of four PRAM models including EREW, Limited Arbitrary CRCW, Full Arbitrary CRCW, Full Arbitrary Multioperation CRCW on our Eclipse chip multiprocessor framework. Interestingly, the most powerful model shows the lowest simulation cost and highest performance/area and performance/power figures.
Interferons and viruses induce a novel primate-specific isoform dACE2 and not the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry into target cells. <i>ACE2</i> has been proposed as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG). Thus, interferon-induced variability in <i>ACE2</i> expression levels could be important for susceptibility to COVID-19 or its outcomes. Here, we report the discovery of a novel, primate-specific isoform of <i>ACE2</i>, which we designate as <i>deltaACE2 (dACE2)</i>. We demonstrate that <i>dACE2</i>, but not <i>ACE2</i>, is an ISG. <i>In vitro</i>, dACE2, which lacks 356 N-terminal amino acids, was non-functional in binding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and as a carboxypeptidase. Our results reconcile current knowledge on <i>ACE2</i> expression and suggest that the ISG-type induction of <i>dACE2</i> in IFN-high conditions created by treatments, inflammatory tumor microenvironment, or viral co-infections is unlikely to affect the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 and promote infection.
Mode Group Resolved Analysis of Effects Induced by Macro Bending in a 50 µm Graded Index Multi Mode Fiber (2020)

The influence of macro bending in a 50 µm GIMMF is investigated in terms of losses and mode coupling. The results indicate that lower order mode groups are weakly influenced by macro bends.
MSE Bounds With Affine Bias Dominating the CramÉr–Rao Bound (2008)

In continuation to an earlier work, we further develop bounds on the mean-squared error (MSE) when estimating a deterministic parameter vector thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> in a given estimation problem, as well as estimators that achieve the optimal performance. The traditional Cramer-Rao (CR) type bounds provide benchmarks on the variance of any estimator of thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> under suitable regularity conditions, while requiring <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">priori</i> specification of a desired bias gradient. To circumvent the need to choose the bias, which is impractical in many applications, it was suggested in our earlier work to directly treat the MSE, which is the sum of the variance and the squared-norm of the bias. While previously we developed MSE bounds assuming a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">linear</i> bias vector, here we study, in the same spirit, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">affine</i> bias vectors. We demonstrate through several examples that allowing for an affine transformation can often improve the performance significantly over a linear approach. Using convex optimization tools we show that in many cases we can choose an affine bias that results in an MSE bound that is smaller than the unbiased CR bound for all values of thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . Furthermore, we explicitly construct estimators that achieve these bounds in cases where an efficient estimator exists, by performing an affine transformation of the standard maximum likelihood (ML) estimator. This leads to estimators that result in a smaller MSE than ML for all possible values of thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> .
Towards All-digital mmWave Massive MIMO: Designing around Nonlinearities (2018)

The small carrier wavelengths at mmWave frequencies enable a large number of antenna elements to be packed into a relatively small form factor. While existing implementations employ RF beamforming, it is now becoming possible to realize fully digital beamforming, with each antenna interfaced to a separate RF chain. This opens up the possibility of supporting multiuser MIMO, with the number of simultaneous users scales linearly with the number of antenna elements. In this paper, we investigate the impact of two fundamental hardware challenges in supporting such a fully digital architecture: the large bandwidth limits the available precision of analog-to-digital conversion, and the massive number of RF chains at mmWave frequencies constrains area and power consumption, which motivates relaxing the specifications on RF nonlinearities such as the IIP3. We provide guidelines on ADC precision and RF specifications for a multiuser MIMO uplink using a linear MMSE receiver, with nominal parameters corresponding to outdoor picocells operating at a data rate of 10 Gbps per user, and a carrier frequency of 140 GHz. Specifically, in nonlinearity-limited scenarios, we show that the output SNR of a user is proportional directly to the intrinsic SNR due to the nonlinearity self-noise and inversely to the system load factor.
Supplementary Figure S1 from IGF2 Preserves Osteosarcoma Cell Survival by Creating an Autophagic State of Dormancy That Protects Cells against Chemotherapeutic Stress (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: (A) Real-time PCR analysis of Igf1 expression in AXT cell-derived subcutaneous tumors. (B) Serum IGF2 concentration of control and tumor bearing mice with or without chemotherapy. (C) U2OS cells cultured under serum free or in the presence of IGF2. (D,E) Schemes of assays for cell viability (D) and RNA interference (E).&lt;/p&gt;
Optimization (2015)

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