gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Shear-Thinning Behavior on Film Thickness and Friction Coefficient of Polyalphaolefin Base Fluids With Varying Olefin Copolymer Content (2016)

This study investigates the rheological properties, elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film-forming capability, and friction coefficients of low molecular mass poly-α-olefin (PAO) base stocks with varying contents of high molecular mass olefin copolymers (OCPs) to assess their shear stability and their potential for energy-efficient lubrication. Several PAO–OCP mixtures were blended in order to examine the relationship between their additive content and tribological performance. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the molecular masses and structures, respectively. Density, viscosity, EHD film thickness, and friction were measured at 303 K, 348 K, and 398 K. Film thickness and friction were studied at entrainment speeds relevant to the boundary, mixed, and full-film lubrication regimes. The PAO–OCP mixtures underwent temporary shear-thinning resulting in decreases in film thickness and hydrodynamic friction. These results demonstrate that the shear characteristics of PAO–OCP mixtures can be tuned with the OCP content and provide insight into the effects of additives on EHD characteristics.
Epitope specificity plays a critical role in regulating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against influenza A virus (2016)

The generation of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies against influenza A virus is known to confer potent protection against homologous infections. The majority of these antibodies bind to the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain and function by blocking the receptor binding site, preventing infection of host cells. Recently, elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies which target the conserved HA stalk domain has become a promising "universal" influenza virus vaccine strategy. The ability of these antibodies to elicit Fc-dependent effector functions has emerged as an important mechanism through which protection is achieved in vivo. However, the way in which Fc-dependent effector functions are regulated by polyclonal influenza virus-binding antibody mixtures in vivo has never been defined. Here, we demonstrate that interactions among viral glycoprotein-binding antibodies of varying specificities regulate the magnitude of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity induction. We show that the mechanism responsible for this phenotype relies upon competition for binding to HA on the surface of infected cells and virus particles. Nonneutralizing antibodies were poor inducers and did not inhibit antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Interestingly, anti-neuraminidase antibodies weakly induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and enhanced induction in the presence of HA stalk-binding antibodies in an additive manner. Our data demonstrate that antibody specificity plays an important role in the regulation of ADCC, and that cross-talk among antibodies of varying specificities determines the magnitude of Fc receptor-mediated effector functions.
Cutting Edge: Lymphatic Vessels, Not Blood Vessels, Primarily Mediate Immune Rejections After Transplantation (2009)

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of blood vessels (hemangiogenesis) versus lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis) in mediating immunological responses after transplantation. Using the murine model of corneal transplantation, graft survival was compared in differentially prevascularized and avascular recipient beds. Donor corneas (C57BL/6) were transplanted into uninflamed or inflamed avascular, prehemvascularized only or prehemvascularized and prelymphvascularized recipient murine eyes (BALB/C). Selective inhibition of lymphangiogenesis was achieved using antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 Abs and anti-integrin alpha5 small molecules. Grafts placed into only prehemvascularized recipient beds had a similarly good graft survival compared with grafts placed into completely avascular, normal recipients, whereas the pre-existence of lymphatic vessels significantly deteriorated corneal graft survival (p < 0.05). Lymphatic vessels seem to contribute significantly to graft rejection after (corneal) transplantation. That may allow for selective, temporary, perioperative antilymphangiogenic treatment to promote graft survival without affecting blood vessels, even after solid organ transplantation.
Cerebral ischemia: a frequent complication of large traumatic epidural hematoma in infants (2023)

Infants with EDH have a low mortality rate but a high risk of cerebral ischemia, along with long-term neurological sequelae.
LVS vaccination allows BALB/c mice to survive virulent F. tularensis pulmonary challenge but does not induce sterilizing immunity (2017)

Abstract There is no licensed vaccine for protection against virulent strains of Francisella tularensis, an intracellular pathogen that replicates within lung macrophages and causes lethal acute infection in mice at an intranasal challenge dose of ~10 CFU. Immunization with the attenuated F. tularensis LVS strain provides some level of protection against virulent F. tularensis SchuS4 infection; however, the basis for this induced resistance remains unknown. We found that LVS vaccination allowed complete survival of BALB/c mice (but not C57Bl/6 mice) from lethal SchuS4 pulmonary challenge for 30 days, and 50% survival for at least 100 days, yet the surviving mice contained large numbers of SchuS4 organisms in their lungs and spleens (~104 CFU/organ). Early after challenge, resistant BALB/c mice produced greater amounts of Th17-associated cytokines compared to susceptible C57Bl/6 mice. However, IL-17 and IL-22 did not appear to be important for restricting chronic infection. On the other hand, depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ cells three weeks after SchuS4 challenge caused resistant BALB/c mice to succumb to infection within one week. Similarly, treatment of vaccinated BALB/c mice with anti-IFNγ monoclonal antibodies three weeks after SchuS4 led to fatal acute tularemia. We conclude that LVS vaccination of BALB/c mice induces an immune response that allows the animals to constrain and tolerate a chronic SchuS4 infection. Long-term resistance is dependent on CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and IFNγ.
Improving the soliton communication system by adjusting the detection window (2000)

Summary form only given.The performances of soliton transmission systems were evaluated by considering the noise-induced timing jitter, the fluctuation of soliton amplitude, and the fluctuation of soliton energy. The most commonly used method of measuring the system performance in an optical transmission system is the decision circuit method of measuring Q factor. The Q factor can be calculated by sampling the signal's amplitude at bit centrum, or by integrating its energy over a bit duration.
Selection Strategy to Generate Aptamer Pairs that Bind to Distinct Sites on Protein Targets (2012)

Many analytical techniques benefit greatly from the use of affinity reagent pairs, wherein each reagent recognizes a discrete binding site on a target. For example, antibody pairs have been widely used to dramatically increase the specificity of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Nucleic acid-based aptamers offer many advantageous features relative to protein-based affinity reagents, including well-established chemical synthesis, thermostability, and low production cost. However, the generation of suitable aptamer pairs has posed a significant challenge, and few such pairs have been reported to date. To address this important challenge, we present multivalent aptamer isolation systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (MAI-SELEX), a technique designed for the efficient selection of aptamer pairs. In contrast to conventional selection methods, our method utilizes two selection modules to generate separate aptamer pools that recognize distinct binding sites on a single target. Using MAI-SELEX, we have isolated two groups of 2'-fluoro-modified RNA aptamers that specifically recognize the αV or β3 subunits of integrin αVβ3. These aptamers exhibit low nanomolar affinities for their targets, with minimal cross-reactivity to other closely related integrin homologues. Moreover, we show that these aptamer pairs do not interfere with each other's binding and effectively detect the target even in complex mixtures such as undiluted serum.
On Soot Inception in Nonpremixed Flames and the Effects of Flame Structure (1998)

Abstract A simplified three-step model of soot inception has been employed with high activation energy asymptotics to study soot inception in nonpremixed counterflow systems with emphasis on understanding the effects of hydrodynamics and transport. The resulting scheme yields three zones: (1) a fuel oxidation zone wherein the fuel and oxidizer react to form product as well as a radical R, (e.g., H), (2) a soot/precursor formation zone where the radical R reacts with fuel to form "soot/precursor" S, and (3) a soot/precursor consumption zone where S reacts with the oxidizer to form product. The kinetic scheme, although greatly simplified, allows the coupling between soot inception and flame structure to be assessed. The results yield flame temperature, flame location, and a soot/precursor index S1 as functions of Damkohler number for S formation. The soot/precursor index indicates the amount of S at the boundary of the formation region. The flame temperature indirectly indicates the total amount of S integrated over the formation region because as S is formed less heat release is available. The results show that unlike oxidation reactions, an extinction turning-point behavior does not exist for soot. Instead, the total amount of S slowly decreases with decreasing Damkohler number (increasing strain rate), which is consistent with counterflow flame experiments. When the Lewis number of the radical is decreased from unity, the total S reduces due to reduced residence time for the radical in the soot formation region. Similarly, when the Lewis number of the soot/precursor is increased from unity the amount of S increases for all Damkohler numbers. In addition to studying fuel-air (low stoichiometric mixture fraction) flames, the air-side nitrogen was substituted into the fuel, yielding diluted fuel-oxygen (high stoichiometric mixture fraction) flames with the same flame temperature as the fuel-air flames. The relative flame locations were different however, and, consistent with counterflow flame experiments, this difference was found to dramatically reduce the total amount of S generated because the change in stoichiometric mixture fraction affects residence times, temperatures and concentrations in the soot/precursor formation and consumption zones. Furthermore, while the soot/precursor consumption reaction had a negligible effect on the soot process for fuel-air flames it was very important to diluted fuel-oxygen flames. Keywords: Sootenriched-oxygensoot inceptionasymptoticsflame structure Additional informationNotes on contributorsB. H. CHAO Corresponding author.
Extracellular Vesicles: New Players in Lung Immunity (2017)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, play an important autocrine/paracrine role in intercellular communication. Details on the involvement of EVs in the pathogenesis of lung diseases have emerged over the past several years. Moreover, EVs package numerous DNA, proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs that can regulate immune responses in recipient cells. Almost all respiratory cells release EVs, and these EVs can have protective or detrimental functions, depending on the type of donor cells, type of stimuli, and components. In lung cancer, tumor-derived EVs carry multiple immunoinhibitory signals, disable antitumor immune effector cells, and promote tumor escape from immune control. Furthermore, bacteria- and microbiota-derived EVs can shape the immune system and lead to the development of lung disease. These EVs are capable of maintaining airway homeostasis, inducing proinflammatory effects, and promoting antigen presentation, thus regulating lung inflammation and immune responses. From these viewpoints, we summarize recent findings on EVs in lung biology and immunity. EVs provide a new avenue for understanding the mechanism of inflammatory disease progression and for developing therapeutic approaches for lung immune responses.
Urinary Incontinence and Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights From Patients and Preclinical Models (2021)

Alzheimer's disease effects a large percentage of elderly dementia patients and is diagnosed on the basis of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) present in the brain. Urinary incontinence (UI) is often found in the elderly populations and multiple studies have shown that it is more common in Alzheimer's disease patients than those with normal cognitive function. However, the link between increased UI and Alzheimer's disease is still unclear. Amyloid plaques and NFTs present in micturition centers of the brain could cause a loss of signal to the bladder, resulting in the inability to properly void. Additionally, as Alzheimer's disease progresses, patients become less likely to recognize the need or understand the appropriate time and place to void. There are several treatments for UI targeting the muscarinic and β3 adrenergic receptors, which are present in the bladder and the brain. While these treatments may aid in UI, they often have effects on the brain with cognitive impairment side-effects. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors are often used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and directly oppose effects of anti-muscarinics used for UI, making UI management in Alzheimer's disease patients difficult. There are currently over 200 pre-clinical models of Alzheimer's disease, however, little research has been done on voiding disfunction in these models. There is preliminary data suggesting these models have similar voiding behavior to Alzheimer's disease patients but much more research is needed to understand the link between UI and Alzheimer's disease and discover better treatment options for managing both simultaneously.
Phase II Trial of the Oral Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitor Everolimus in Relapsed or Refractory Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (2010)

PURPOSE The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal transduction pathway controls cell proliferation and survival. Everolimus is an oral agent targeting raptor mTOR (mTORC1). The trial's goal was to determine the antitumor activity and safety of single-agent everolimus in patients with relapsed/refractory Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had measurable disease (immunoglobulin M monoclonal protein > 1,000 mg/dL with > 10% marrow involvement or nodal masses > 2 cm), a platelet count more than 75,000 x 10(6)/L, a neutrophil count more than 1,000 x 10(6)/L, and a creatinine and bilirubin less than 2 x the laboratory upper limit of normal. Patients received everolimus 10 mg orally daily and were evaluated monthly. Tumor response was assessed after cycles 2 and 6 and then every three cycles until progression. Results Fifty patients were treated. The median age was 63 years (range, 43 to 85 years). The overall response rate (complete response plus partial remission [PR] plus minimal response [MR]) was 70% (95% CI, 55% to 82%), with a PR of 42% and 28% MR. The median duration of response and median progression-free survival (PFS) have not been reached. The estimated PFS at 6 and 12 months is 75% (95% CI, 64% to 89%) and 62% (95% CI, 48% to 80%), respectively. Grade 3 or higher related toxicities were observed in 56% of patients. The most common were hematologic toxicities with cytopenias. Pulmonary toxicity occurred in 10% of patients. Dose reductions due to toxicity occurred in 52% of patients. CONCLUSION Everolimus has high single-agent activity with an overall response rate of 70% and manageable toxicity in patients with relapsed WM and offers a potential new therapeutic strategy for this patient group.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Oligomeric [(Salen)Co] Catalyst for Asymmetric Epoxide Ring‐Opening Reactions. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Core-2 O -glycans are required for galectin-3 interaction with the osteoarthritis related protein lubricin (2019)

ABSTRACT Synovial fluid lubricin (proteoglycan 4) is a mucin-type O -linked glycosylated (60% of the mass) biological lubricant involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Lubricin has been reported to be cross-linked by synovial galectin-3 on the lubricating articular surface. Here, we confirm that binding to galectin-3 depended on core-2 O -linked glycans, where surface plasmon resonance of a recombinant lubricin (rhPRG4) devoid of core-2 structures lacked binding capacity to recombinant galectin-3. Both galectin-3 levels and interactions with synovial lubricin were found to be decreased in late-stage OA patients coinciding with an increase of truncated and less sialylated core 1 O-glycans. These data suggest a defect cross-linking of surface active molecules in OA and provides novel insights into OA molecular pathology.
Laser-induced forward transfer: the effect of pulse width and target-substrate distance (1998)

Summary form only given. The laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a promising method for micron-sized thin films deposition onto a substrate. This method has the advantages of simplicity, fast deposition rate, applicability for different materials, micron-sized patterned deposition, and so on. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of laser pulse width on the deposition characteristics of LIFT, deposition of micronsized gold thin films was carried out with different pulse widths from 140 fs to 60 /spl mu/s. The morphologies of the ablated area on the target and the deposited film were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for different pulse durations of ablation lasers and target substrate distances.
(Invited) Future perspectives of TCAD in the industry (2016)

For the better part of the last 20 years, simulation of semiconductor processes and devices had been the main focus in modeling planar CMOS transistors. The introduction of FinFETs in 2010, along with the increasing use of non-Si materials added much complexity and cost in technology development. With multiple device architectures and material options to consider, TCAD has evolved from focusing primarily on process and device simulation of single devices to multiscale simulation of multiple devices including novel materials to analyze variability and technology impact on design. In this paper, we offer our perspectives of TCAD for its expanded role in pathfinding for early selection of technology choices and generation of pre-wafer Process Design Kit (PDK).
Proinflammatory Cytokines in Heart Disease (2001)

Proinflammatory cytokines affect nearly all tissues and organ systems, and the vasculature is no exception. Although a considerable amount of research has focused on the role of the two most prominent proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock, the role of these and other cytokines in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary artery, the acute ischemic event associated with myocardial infarction, the progression of myocardiopathies or the loss of myocardial function in congestive heart failure is a relatively recent discovery. Moreover, there has also been significant investigation of the cardioprotective effects of cytokines. Most of the attention has focused on the acute coronary syndromes and the myocardial suppression that takes place as a result of acute ischemia. The potential for anticytokine-based therapies in treating heart disease is great. Parenteral TNF-alpha neutralization and IL-1 receptor blockade are presently used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Two orally effective agents, the IL-1beta-converting enzyme inhibitor and the mitogen-activating protein kinase p38 inhibitor, are currently being investigated in clinical trials.
Perfluorochemical Liquid as a Respiratory Medium (1994)

The use of perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids to facilitate or support respiration has been under study for several decades. The low surface tension and high respiratory gas solubility of liquid PFC enable adequate oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal at low insufflation pressures relative to gas ventilation in the immature or injured lung. Because liquid ventilation homogeneously inflates the lung and improves V/Q matching it has been studied as a vehicle for delivering biologically active agents to the lung tissues and systemic circulation. More recently, we have shown the utility of highly opaque PFC liquids as a high resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) bronchographic contrast agent either during LV or gas breathing after tracheal instillation of small quantities of PFC. As a result of extensive experimental work in premature animals as well as lung injury models, liquid PFC ventilation has been recently implemented as an investigational therapy for severe respiratory distress in human infants. This manuscript summarizes the physiological principles and applications of LV as well as the results of initial investigational clinical studies in human neonates with severe respiratory distress.
Germline ERBB2/HER2 Coding Variants Are Associated with Increased Risk of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2021)

Familial cases of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are relatively common, yet few inherited risk factors have been identified. Exome sequencing of a kindred with a familial cancer syndrome characterized by both MPN and melanoma produced a germline variant in the <i>ERBB2/HER2</i> gene that co-segregates with disease. To further investigate whether germline <i>ERBB2</i> variants contribute to MPN predisposition, the frequency of <i>ERBB2</i> variants was analyzed in 1604 cases that underwent evaluation for hematologic malignancy, including 236 cases of MPN. MPN cases had a higher frequency of rare germline <i>ERBB2</i> coding variants compared to non-MPN hematologic malignancies (8.9% vs. 4.1%, OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.4 to 4.0, <i>p</i> = 0.0028) as well as cases without a blood cancer diagnosis that served as an internal control (8.9% vs. 2.7%, OR 3.5, 95% CI: 1.4 to 8.3, <i>p</i> = 0.0053). This finding was validated via comparison to an independent control cohort of 1587 cases without selection for hematologic malignancy (8.9% in MPN cases vs. 5.2% in controls, <i>p</i> = 0.040). The most frequent variant identified, <i>ERBB2</i> c.1960A > G; p.I654V, was present in MPN cases at more than twice its expected frequency. These data indicate that rare germline coding variants in <i>ERBB2</i> are associated with an increased risk for development of MPN. The <i>ERBB2</i> gene is a novel susceptibility locus which likely contributes to cancer risk in combination with additional risk alleles.