gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo effects of interleukin 2 on the protozoan parasite leishmania (1989)

T cells can have either resistance-promoting or disease-promoting effects in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is known that the adoptive transfer of parasite-specific helper T cells led to an exacerbation of Leishmania-induced lesions. This work presents evidence that lymphokines produced by activated T cells could be involved in this exacerbating process by directly stimulating the parasite growth. In the presence of activated T cell supernatants, the in vitro growth of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes was greatly enhanced. This effect was reproduced by addition of recombinant interleukin 2 (IL2). An anti-IL2 antibody partially reversed the stimulatory effect of IL. An in vivo in situ treatment of infected mice with IL 2 led to an exacerbation of the lesions. The increase in footpad swelling after IL2 treatment was correlated with a higher number of parasites per lesion. The protective effect of cyclosporin A against the development of Leishmania infection was abolished by IL2 treatment. As we observed that IL2 has a stimulatory effect on the in vitro Leishmania growth, we speculate that exacerbation of the lesions observed in vivo after IL2 treatment could be partially related with a direct effect of IL2 on the parasite growth.
Efficient Optimization for Rank-Based Loss Functions (2018)

The accuracy of information retrieval systems is often measured using complex loss functions such as the average precision (AP) or the normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG). Given a set of positive and negative samples, the parameters of a retrieval system can be estimated by minimizing these loss functions. However, the non-differentiability and non-decomposability of these loss functions does not allow for simple gradient based optimization algorithms. This issue is generally circumvented by either optimizing a structured hinge-loss upper bound to the loss function or by using asymptotic methods like the direct-loss minimization framework. Yet, the high computational complexity of loss-augmented inference, which is necessary for both the frameworks, prohibits its use in large training data sets. To alleviate this deficiency, we present a novel quicksort flavored algorithm for a large class of non-decomposable loss functions. We provide a complete characterization of the loss functions that are amenable to our algorithm, and show that it includes both AP and NDCG based loss functions. Furthermore, we prove that no comparison based algorithm can improve upon the computational complexity of our approach asymptotically. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in the context of optimizing the structured hinge loss upper bound of AP and NDCG loss for learning models for a variety of vision tasks. We show that our approach provides significantly better results than simpler decomposable loss functions, while requiring a comparable training time.
Soliton dragging in discrete and distributed amplifiers (1993)

The authors introduce erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFA) into soliton-dragging logic gates (SDLG) to improve their performance in terms of switching energy, fan-out and tolerance to timing jitter. In particular, they experimentally and numerically examine the frequency shifts associated with soliton dragging for orthogonally polarized pulses interacting in discrete and distributed amplifiers. The authors show that EDFA asymmetrize the interaction between pulses, leading to a frequency shift even when pulses completely walk through each other. The gain can increase the fan-out and/or reduce the switching energy, while proper positioning of the amplifier can loosen the timing restrictions for SDLG. We find reasonable agreement between calculations and measurements in the discrete amplifier case. However, discrepancies for the distributed amplifier case may result from non-uniform gain profiles along the length of the amplifier.
Electronic predistortion and fiber nonlinearity (2006)

We compare the impact of fiber nonlinearities in systems using electronic predistortion (EPD) to systems using in-line optical dispersion compensation. We show that EPD is significantly more susceptible to fiber nonlinearities.
A Flexible Parallel Transmission Scheme Using Frequency Domain Multi-Layered OFDM System (2011)

A novel adaptive Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system with multi-layered (ML) transmission is proposed for mobile multimedia networks to support transmission of multiple data streams with flexible Quality-of-Service (QoS) adjustment capability and therefore can accommodate users with different QoS requirements or link conditions. The enhanced layers (ELs), formulated by parallel modulated orthogonal pseudo-random sequences, are superimposed onto OFDM data in frequency domain prior to multicarrier modulation and used to transmit different data information without the requirement of additional links. In this paper, the transceiver design particularly the frequency domain correlation detector and ELs induced interference cancellation is presented. A power distribution scheme for ELs is further proposed to optimize the overall system performance. The performance of the proposed ML-OFDM system is evaluated through numerical simulations.
What can partitioning do for your data warehouses and data marts? (2002)

Efficient query processing is a critical requirement for data warehousing systems as decision support applications often require minimum response times to answer complex, ad-hoc queries having aggregations, multi-ways joins over vast repositories of data. This can be achieved by fragmenting warehouse data. The data fragmentation concept in the context of distributed databases aims to reduce query execution time and facilitates the parallel execution of queries. In this paper, we propose a methodology for applying the fragmentation technique in a data warehouse star schema to reduce the total query execution cost. We present an algorithm for fragmenting the tables of a star schema. During the fragmentation process, we observe that the choice of the dimension tables used in fragmenting the fact table plays an important role on overall performance. Therefore, we develop a greedy algorithm in selecting "best" dimension tables. We propose an analytical cost model for executing a set of OLAP queries on a fragmented star schema. Finally, we conduct some experiments to evaluate the utility of the fragmentation for efficiently executing OLAP queries.
Mapping estimates of vascular permeability with a clinical indocyanine green fluorescence imaging system in experimental pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumors (2023)

ICG kinetic imaging during the initial leakage phase was diagnostic for quantitative vascular permeability within pancreatic tumors. Methods for autogain correction and normalized model-based interpretation allowed for quantification of extraction fraction and difference identification between tumor types in early timepoints.
Optical Characteristic Improvement of Neodymium-Doped Lanthanum Fluoride Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Vacuum Ultraviolet Application (2012)

Neodymium-doped lanthanum fluoride (Nd3+:LaF3) thin films were successfully grown on MgF2(001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Photoluminescence spectra revealed a dominant peak at 173 nm with a decay time of 7.8 ns, which is similar to the results obtained from a bulk Nd3+:LaF3 crystal. Improvements in crystalline quality and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) luminescence quantum efficiency were achieved by substrate heating, with optimum results being obtained at 400 °C. These results would open up possibilities in the development of a light-emitting device operating in the VUV region.
Phase collapse caused by blue-light irradiation in a cyanobridged coordination polymer (2008)

In this work, we report a photoinduced phase transition, light-induced phase collapse, using rubidium manganese hexacyanoferrate, RbI0.43MnII[FeIII(CN)6]0.81⋅3H2O, which does not exhibit a phase transition upon changing the temperature. However, when this material is irradiated with blue light at temperature around 100–200K, the MnII–FeIII phase collapses and the valence isomer MnIII–FeII phase appears. The MnII–FeIII phase is perfectly recovered as the temperature increased. Theoretical analysis suggests that the initial MnII–FeIII phase is a thermodynamically metastable phase, trapped at a local free-energy minimum, while the photogenerated MnIII–FeII phase is the true thermodynamically stable phase below 230K.
Evaluation of ICA512As in Combination With Other Islet Cell Autoantibodies at the Onset of IDDM (1997)

Our results further establish that positivity in a combination of tests is more valuable for the prediction of IDDM than a result for any single autoantibody and that the age of the patient should be considered when selecting the combination of tests to use.
Effect of isomerization on the performance of aromatic hydrogen storage systems possessing different condensation extents (2019)

The influence of structural differences in cis- and trans-conformer molecules of ortho-, meta- and para-isomers of perhydroterphenyl and decalin on the hydrogen release in hydrogen storage systems was estimated for the Pt/C catalyst in a flow regime. The structural differences between the cis- and trans-conformers of perhydroterphenyl did not significantly affect the reactivity of its ortho-, meta- and para-isomers. In the case of decalin, the decrease in the volume of released hydrogen due to the conversion of its cis-isomer into the less active trans-form was clearly demonstrated.
On the Racemization of Chiral Imidazolines (2008)

Racemization of chiral imidazolines with base has been studied for the first time following an unexpected finding in the synthesis of chiral imidazoline ligands. Amine bases do not cause racemization. Strong inorganic bases can induce racemization, yet this occurs only when the nitrogen is unsubstituted, in agreement with a symmetry-allowed thermal disrotatory ring opening and closure from a diazapentadienyl anion. Surprisingly, even with electron-withdrawing N-substituents, no racemization is observed. Conditions which allow for the racemization-free manipulations of this important compound class have been defined and developed.
A Theoretical Study of Crystallochromy. Quantum Interference Effects in the Spectra of Perylene Pigments (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Theoretical Study of Crystallochromy. Quantum Interference Effects in the Spectra of Perylene PigmentsPeter M. Kazmaier and Roald HoffmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 21, 9684–9691Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00100a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00100a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2311Altmetric-Citations327LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanocarbon/silver Nanowire Hybrid Flexible Transparent Conducting Film Technology (2016)

The flexible transparent conducting films (TCFs) are required to realize flexible optoelectronic devices. 1D nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal nanowires are good candidates to replace indium tin oxide that is currently used to fabricate transparent electrode. Particularly, silver nanowires are used to produce flexible TCFs. In this review, we introduce TCF technologies based on silver nanowires/CNTs hybrid structures. CNTs can compromise drawbacks of silver nanowires for applications in high performance TCFs for optoelectronic devices.
Modeling total dose effects in narrow-channel devices (1983)

Exposure of MOSFET's to large doses of ionizing radiation causes bulk oxide charging and an increase in interface state density. The former shifts device operation thresholds. The latter degrades channel mobility g <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> and increases subthreshold leakage. The degree of damage introduced depends on oxide electric fields. Making gate dimensions smaller complicates modeling a number of ways. Some of these complications are addressed in this paper. Specifically, problems associated with narrowing the width of the device channel are investigated. It is shown that differential charging of the field and gate regions leads to an effective widening of the channel. For typical n-channel MOSFET's used in very-large-scale integrated circuits, this widening may amount to 0.3 µm after a 10-krad:SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> dose of ionizing radiation. A model incorporating channel widening and radiation-induced mobility degradation is proposed.
Shape programming lines of concentrated Gaussian curvature (2021)

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) can undergo large reversible contractions along their nematic director upon heating or illumination. A spatially patterned director within a flat LCE sheet, thus, encodes a pattern of contraction on heating, which can morph the sheet into a curved shell, akin to how a pattern of growth sculpts a developing organism. Here, we consider theoretically, numerically, and experimentally patterns constructed from regions of radial and circular director, which, in isolation, would form cones and anticones. The resultant surfaces contain curved ridges with sharp V-shaped cross sections, associated with the boundaries between regions in the patterns. Such ridges may be created in positively and negatively curved variants and, since they bear Gauss curvature (quantified here via the Gauss–Bonnet theorem), they cannot be flattened without energetically prohibitive stretch. Our experiments and numerics highlight that, although such ridges cannot be flattened isometrically, they can deform isometrically by trading the (singular) curvature of the V angle against the (finite) curvature of the ridge line. Furthermore, in finite thickness sheets, the sharp ridges are inevitably non-isometrically blunted to relieve bend, resulting in a modest smearing out of the encoded singular Gauss curvature. We close by discussing the use of such features as actuating linear features, such as probes, tongues, and grippers. We speculate on similarities between these patterns of shape change and those found during the morphogenesis of several biological systems.
Delamination Mechanisms of Thermal and Environmental Barrier Coatings on SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites (1990)

Advanced ceramic thermal barrier coatings will play an increasingly important role in future gas turbine engines because of their ability to effectively protect the engine components and further raise engine temperatures. However, the coating durability issue remains a major concern with the ever-increasing temperature requirements. In this paper, thermal cyclic response and delamination failure modes of a ZrO2-8wt%Y2O3 and mullite/BSAS thermal/environmental barrier coating system on SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites were investigated using a laser high-heat-flux technique. The coating degradation and delamination processes were monitored in real time by measuring coating apparent conductivity changes during the cyclic tests under realistic engine temperature and stress gradients, utilizing the fact that delamination cracking causes an apparent decrease in the measured thermal conductivity. The ceramic coating crack initiation and propagation driving forces under the cyclic thermal loads, in conjunction with the mechanical testing results, will be discussed.
Reduced Complexity Receivers for Three-Dimensional Modulation Using Beam Hopping in 5G Systems (2018)

Three-dimensional modulation using beam hopping (3DModBH), which is a novel transmission scheme, is employed for small cell indices and two-dimensional (2-D) modulation techniques to convey the information. 3DModBH in practical interference-limited scenario in 5G systems is not yet considered. In this paper, 3DModBH in interference-limited scenario is investigated. The joint maximum likelihood (JML) receiver can be applied to retrieve the transmitted bits. However, its complexity is prohibited for practical implementation. Therefore, we suggest novel and reduced complexity receivers for 3DModBH in interference-limited scenario. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver algorithms with 3DModBH are capable of performing almost optimal performance as the 3DModBH with JML receiver, significantly outperforming the state-of-theart transmission scheme (SoAT) with JML receiver and reducing in computational complexity compared with JML receiver.
Photonic-crystal-waveguide-based Silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulators (2006)

An ultra-compact photonic-crystal silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator is proposed based on the plasma dispersion effects. Transient time response of the device is simulated using semiconductor device simulator MEDICI. An efficient optical modulation has been experimentally demonstrated.
An 8-bit, 4-Gsample/s Track-and-Hold in a 67GHz fT SiGe BiCMOS technology (2006)

In this paper we present design and measurements of a high-speed track-and-hold (T&H) circuit. The circuit was implemented in a low-cost 67GHz f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> SiGe technology. At 4GS/s the circuit achieves SNR better than 52dB and THD of -50.5dB, corresponding to 8.1 effective bits. This performance is achieved for input frequencies up to 1.1GHz with a differential full-scale input swing of 0.9V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PP</sub> . The power dissipation of the T&H, including buffers and clock driver, is 590mW. Since measurements at such high frequencies are challenging, a full description of the measurement setup is provided
Modeling and Distributed Provisioning in 10–40–100-Gb/s Multirate Wavelength Switched Optical Networks (2011)

In wavelength-switched optical networks (WSONs), quality of transmission (QoT) has to be guaranteed during lightpath provisioning. In multibit-rate WSONs, this task is complicated by the coexistence of optical connections operating at different bit-rates and modulation formats. The major issue consists in accounting for the severe impairments due to cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced by 10 Gb/s lightpaths on neighbor 40 or 100 Gb/s lightpaths. In this paper, QoT modeling is first reviewed for 10, 40, and 100 Gb/s transmission according to the adopted modulation format and detection type. In addition, a Gaussian approximation to compute the bit error rate of differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) and QPSK signals is proposed, as well as closed formulas to compute the nonlinear phase noise variance due to XPM. Also, discussions about the XPM cumulation over spans in a WSON and how XPM can be considered in a dynamic network are provided. Then, four lightpath provisioning schemes are proposed to effectively account for QoT and, in particular, for XPM. The schemes differently exploit: 1) augmented spectral separation among lightpaths at different bit rates; 2) XPM worst-case scenario; and 3) current and novel generalized multiprotocol label switching extensions. The performance of the proposed schemes is evaluated through simulations in several multibit-rate scenarios. Results show that the proposed schemes provide effective network resource utilization while guaranteeing the adequate QoT to lightpaths at any bit rate.
Microwave-Accelerated Methodology for the Direct Reductive Amination of Aldehydes (2005)

[chemical reaction: see text]. An improved procedure for the direct reductive amination of aldehydes was developed which uses dibutyltin dichloride as catalyst in the presence of phenylsilane as reductant. Rapid reaction is promoted by the use of microwave conditions with anilines, secondary and primary amines being suitable reactants.
Low-profile double-shell Halo antenna with wideband characteristic (2023)

In this study, the characteristics of a wideband, low-profile, double-shell Halo antenna is investigated. The Halo antenna is a horizontally polarized antenna with a small diameter and a relative bandwidth of about 4%, which corresponds to a narrow bandwidth characteristic. Therefore, as a conventional broadband method, it is possible to increase the bandwidth of the Halo antenna while maintaining the antenna diameter by loading parasitic elements vertically above and below. However, the disadvantage of this method is that the antenna height increases owing to vertical stacking of the elements. In this study, a double-shell structure with the parasitic elements placed inside the Halo antenna is used to achieve a relative bandwidth of 9.3% while maintaining the antenna height and diameter.
Learning-Assisted Eavesdropping and Symbol-Level Precoding Countermeasures for Downlink MU-MISO Systems (2020)

In this work, we introduce a machine-learning (ML) based detection attack, where an eavesdropper (Eve) is able to learn the symbol detection function based on precoded pilots. With this ability, an Eve can correctly detect symbols with a high probability. To counteract this attack, we propose a novel symbol-level precoding (SLP) scheme that enhances physical-layer security (PLS) while guaranteeing a constructive interference effect at the intended users. Contrary to conventional SLP schemes, the proposed scheme is robust to the ML-based attack. In particular, the proposed scheme enhances security by designing Eve’s received signal to lie at the boundaries of the detection regions. This distinct design causes Eve’s detection decisions to be based almost purely on noise. The proposed countermeasure is then extended to account for multi-antennas at the Eve and also for multi-level modulation schemes. In the numerical results, we validate both the detection attack and the countermeasures and show that this gain in security can be achieved at the expense of only a small additional power consumption at the transmitter, and more importantly, these benefits are obtained without affecting the performance at the intended user.