gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Synthesis of C‐Disaccharides Containing D and L Sugars. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
μRNG: A 300–950mV 323Gbps/W all-digital full-entropy true random number generator in 14nm FinFET CMOS (2015)

An all-digital full-entropy True Random Number Generator (TRNG) with measured 1.3GHz operation and total power consumption of 1.5mW at 0.75V, 25 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C is fabricated in 14nm FinFET CMOS. Three independent self-calibrating entropy sources, coupled with pre-extraction correlation suppressors and a real-time BIW extractor enable ultra-low energy consumption of 3pJ/bit, while generating cryptographic-quality keys with measured Shannon entropy up to 0.99999999995 and lower-bound min-entropy >0.99. The 100% digital design enables a compact layout occupying 1088μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , with scalable operation down to 300mV, while passing all NIST statistical randomness tests.
Fumonisin B1–Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Requires Jasmonate-, Ethylene-, and Salicylate-Dependent Signaling Pathways (2000)

We have established an Arabidopsis protoplast model system to study plant cell death signaling. The fungal toxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) induces apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) in wild-type protoplasts. FB1, however, only marginally affects the viability of protoplasts isolated from transgenic NahG plants, in which salicylic acid (SA) is metabolically degraded; from pad4-1 mutant plants, in which an SA amplification mechanism is thought to be impaired; or from jar1-1 or etr1-1 mutant plants, which are insensitive to jasmonate (JA) or ethylene (ET), respectively. FB1 susceptibility of wild-type protoplasts decreases in the dark, as does the cellular content of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, a light-inducible enzyme involved in SA biosynthesis. Interestingly, however, FB1-induced PCD does not require the SA signal transmitter NPR1, given that npr1-1 protoplasts display wild-type FB1 susceptibility. Arabidopsis cpr1-1, cpr6-1, and acd2-2 protoplasts, in which the SA signaling pathway is constitutively activated, exhibit increased susceptibility to FB1. The cpr6-1 and acd2-2 mutants also constitutively express the JA and ET signaling pathways, but only the acd2-2 protoplasts undergo PCD in the absence of FB1. These results demonstrate that FB1 killing of Arabidopsis is light dependent and requires SA-, JA-, and ET-mediated signaling pathways as well as one or more unidentified factors activated by FB1 and the acd2-2 mutation.
Unprecedented cubane-type silver cluster with a novel phosphinite functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (2009)

A novel heterodifunctional phosphinite imidazolium salt was synthesized and reacted with Ag(I) to afford an unusual tetrasilver cubane-type cluster with two P-NHC ligands bridging between the Ag(I) centres of opposite Ag(2)I(2) faces.
High Energy Density “Bezel-less” Lithium-ion Battery Using Solvate Ionic Liquid-based Quasi-solid-state Electrolyte (2020)

We propose a novel “bezel-less” lithium-ion battery (LIB) structure that enhances the volumetric energy density of LIB. This structure reduces the extra-space volume for seal and accumulation of current collectors, eliminating the bezel part by 16% compared to the conventional aluminum laminated LIBs. The bezel-less LIB using a Ni-rich positive electrode and a graphite negative electrode recorded an energy of 132 Wh and high energy density of 600 Wh L−1 (256 Wh kg−1). The safety of the proposed bezel-less LIB by a combined use of the quasi-solid-state electrolyte layer was successfully demonstrated in overcharge and collapse tests.
L10–FePt Granular Films for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Media (2016)

Energy-assisted magnetic recording (EAMR) is a promising tech-nology to extend the impressive areal density growth of rotatingmagnetic data storage. Two energy-assisted recording technologiesare active areas of research: Microwave-assistedmagnetic recording(MAMR) uses a high-frequency oscillating magnetic ﬁeld to assistthe recording process, while heat-assisted magnetic recording(HAMR) or thermally assisted magnetic recording (TAMR) usesthermal energy to modify the magnetic recording process [1, 2].
Multifunctional Analytical Platform on a Paper Strip: Separation, Preconcentration, and Subattomolar Detection (2013)

We report a plasmonic paper-based analytical platform with functional versatility and subattomolar (<10(-18) M) detection limit using surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a transduction method. The microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) is made with a lithography-free process by a simple cut and drop method. Complex samples are separated by a surface chemical gradient created by differential polyelectrolyte coating of the paper. The μPAD with a starlike shape is designed to enable liquid handling by lateral flow without microchannel patterning. This design generates a rapid capillary-driven flow capable of dragging liquid samples as well as gold nanorods into a single cellulose microfiber, thereby providing an extremely preconcentrated and optically active detection spot.
Structural basis for itraconazole-mediated NPC1 inhibition (2020)

Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), a lysosomal protein of 13 transmembrane helices (TMs) and three lumenal domains, exports low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-derived cholesterol from lysosomes. TMs 3-7 of NPC1 comprise the Sterol-Sensing Domain (SSD). Previous studies suggest that mutation of the NPC1-SSD or the addition of the anti-fungal drug itraconazole abolishes NPC1 activity in cells. However, the itraconazole binding site and the mechanism of NPC1-mediated cholesterol transport remain unknown. Here, we report a cryo-EM structure of human NPC1 bound to itraconazole, which reveals how this binding site in the center of NPC1 blocks a putative lumenal tunnel linked to the SSD. Functional assays confirm that blocking this tunnel abolishes NPC1-mediated cholesterol egress. Intriguingly, the palmitate anchor of Hedgehog occupies a similar site in the homologous tunnel of Patched, suggesting a conserved mechanism for sterol transport in this family of proteins and establishing a central function of their SSDs.
Abstract 2836: Spatially resolved single-cell analysis of cellular plasticity and mechanisms of drug resistance (2018)

Abstract Cellular heterogeneity adversely affects clinical stratification, treatment decisions, and development of therapeutic resistance in cancer. Heterogeneity manifests as variability in gene expression and scales with the number of unique cell types and/or the extent of phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, an incisive tool that effectively quantifies heterogeneity, robustly identifies rare cell populations, efficiently predicts cell state transitions, and preserves the associated phenotypic manifestations will provide key insights into the mechanisms of plasticity and development of drug resistance. To this end, we developed High-Throughput Single-cell analysis using single-molecule Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (HITS-FISH) - a completely automated imaging-based tool that provides absolute quantification of gene expression (mature and immature transcripts that are coding or non-coding), while still preserving spatial and morphological information. Using a combination of HITS-FISH and single cell RNAseq, which provides a high-throughput readout of gene expression signatures, we find that multiple, potentially plastic cell states (genetic, epigenetic, and cell cycle) coexist within a seemingly homogeneous population of cancer cells from various tissues. HITS-FISH suggests that one of the major contributors of such heterogeneity is pervasive aneuploidy, which is accentuated during treatment of cancer cells with chemotherapeutic agents and subsequent development of resistance against such drugs. Currently, we are further characterizing these plastic cells via lineage tracing and single-cell analysis to identify pre-resistant cell states and drug-induced gene-expression reprogramming. Citation Format: Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya, Jeremy D'silva, Nicole Lee, Sathiyapandi Narayanan, Xia Jiang, Saravana M. Dhanasekaran, Arul M. Chinnaiyan. Spatially resolved single-cell analysis of cellular plasticity and mechanisms of drug resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2836.
Semi-flexible microtensiometers for accurate and fast local surface pressure measurement (2016)

A semi-flexible SU-8 microdevice was developed to measure local changes in interfacial tension at an air-water interface. The sensitivity and response time were determined via simulations. The microtensiometer performance was verified in a Langmuir trough by applying rapid local surface pressure variations. A Wilhelmy plate was used as an independent surface pressure measurement and the results of both techniques correlate well. The microtensiometer has a theoretical resolution of 0.02 mN·m−1 and a response time of 20 ms.
A Novel Combined Approach for Metastatic Breast Cancer with Dural and Leptomeningeal Disease with an Impressive Clinical Outcome: A Case Study (2018)

Concurrent dural and leptomeningeal metastatic carcinomatosis are very rare and have a poor prognosis. Here we present a woman with advanced estrogen receptor (ER) positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive breast cancer who presented with leptomeningeal disease. Patient underwent multi targeted epigenetic therapies applied in a protocol called MTET. She continued to respond to the interval treatment, which consisted only of the nutraceutical agents. Here we discuss her case in detail and we believe that such an example might be applied to other patients in this situation resulting clinical improvement and less toxicity.
The mode of hepatitis B virus DNA integration in chromosomes of human hepatocellular carcinoma. (1987)

Nineteen DNA samples that carry integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA were isolated from seven independent human hepatomas by molecular cloning, and their structures were determined. The results, combined with reported data, were analyzed so that one can obtain insights into the mechanisms of integration of this virus DNA and possible rearrangements that occur subsequently. The distribution of DNA junctions along the virus genome suggests that there are recombination-proficient regions. Thus, about half of the integrants were the Coh type, viz., one of their virus-cell DNA junctions fell within the so-called cohesive end region that lies between two 11-bp direct repeats (DR1 and DR2) in the virus genome where transcription and replication of the genome are initiated. All the integrated virus genomes were defective at least in one site around the cohesive end region, particularly within the X gene. The recombination-proficient regions are used not only for formation of virus-cell but also of virus-virus junctions. Neither virus nor cell DNA show unique sequences at the junctions, and targets for integration lie on many different chromosomes.
Synthesis of Side-Chain Functional Polyesters via Baylis–Hillman Polymerization (2011)

Strategies that allow access to side-chain functional polyesters are valuable as they would enable to engineer the properties of these hydrolytically degradable materials. This contribution explores the feasibility of a novel approach toward side-chain functional polyesters that is based on the Baylis-Hillman reaction, which involves the base-catalyzed condensation of an aldehyde and an acrylate building block to produce an alpha-methylene-beta-hydroxycarbonyl compound. Using 1,3-butanediol acrylate and 2,6-pyridinecarboxaldehyde as monomers and DABCO as catalyst, polymers with a degree of polymerization of up to 25 could be prepared. These polymers are attractive as they contain chemically orthogonal side-chain hydroxyl and vinyl groups that can be further modified. In the first experiments, it was demonstrated that the side-chain hydroxyl and vinyl groups can be quantitatively postmodified with phenyl isocyanate and methyl-3-mercaptopropionate, respectively. As the Baylis-Hillman polymerization does not require the use of side-chain protected monomers, this route may represent an interesting alternative strategy for the preparation of side-chain functional polyesters.
Proliferation and differentiation of human CD5+ and CD5− B cell subsets activated through their antigen receptors or CD40 antigens (1992)

The pan-T cell antigen CD5 has been shown to delineate two different mouse B cell subsets, originating from distinct progenitors. In man, on average, 30% of the tonsillar B cell pool expresses this antigen. In the present report, a detailed comparison of the CD5+ and CD5- B cell response to cytokines, following activation via surface immunoglobulins (sIg) or CD40 antigen, was undertaken. CD5+ B cells were positively selected by panning or by sorting from tonsils. Two-color immunofluorescence analysis performed on tonsillar B cell populations showed that CD5+ B cells displayed most of the phenotypic features of mantle zone B cells. CD5+ B cells could be stimulated for DNA synthesis by mitogenic concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I strain (SAC), insolubilized anti-IgM antibodies, immobilized anti-CD40 antibodies and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The growth-response of small dense CD5- B cells to these T cell-independent mitogens was comparable to that of CD5+ B cells, whereas the low-density, in vivo-activated, CD5- B cells were only marginally stimulated by Ig-cross-linking agents and PMA. Following ligation of sIg, both B cell subsets proliferated essentially in response to interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4. When used in co-stimulation with immobilized anti-CD40 antibodies, IL-4 promoted growth of CD5+ and CD5- B cells, whereas IL-2 displayed only moderate stimulatory effects. CD5+ and CD5- B cells differentiated into Ig-secreting cells when they were co-cultured with SAC or cross-linked anti-CD40 antibodies and IL-2. However, IgM constituted the major component of the Ig response of CD5+ B cells, whereas high levels of IgG were secreted by CD5- B cells.
Identification of Constituents of Human Neutrophil Azurophil Granules That Mediate Fungistasis againstHistoplasma capsulatum (2000)

Previously we demonstrated that human neutrophils mediate potent and long-lasting fungistasis against Histoplasma capsulatum yeasts and that all of the fungistatic activity resides in the azurophil granules. In the present study, specific azurophil granule constituents with fungistatic activity were identified by incubation with H. capsulatum yeasts for 24 h and by quantifying the subsequent growth of yeasts via the incorporation of [(3)H]leucine. Human neutrophil defensins HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3 inhibited the growth of H. capsulatum yeasts in a concentration-dependent manner with maximum inhibition at 8 microg/ml. At a concentration of 4 microg/ml, all possible paired combinations of defensins exhibited additive fungistatic activity against H. capsulatum yeasts. Cathepsin G and bactericidal-permeability-increasing protein (BPI) also mediated fungistasis against H. capsulatum in a concentration-dependent manner. The fungistatic activities of combinations of cathepsin G and BPI were additive, as were those of combinations of cathepsin G or BPI with HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3. Lysozyme and elastase exhibited modest antifungal activity, and azurocidin and proteinase 3 exhibited no significant fungistasis against H. capsulatum yeasts. Thus, defensins, cathepsin G, and BPI are the major anti-H. capsulatum effector molecules in the azurophil granules of human neutrophils.
Evaluation of parenchymal fluid pressure in native and decellularized liver tissue. (2012)

One strategy for tissue engineering of bioartificial livers is the use of decellularized liver scaffolds, which contain a functional vascular network and intact extracellular matrix components. Due to the known mechanosensitivity of liver cells, particularly the response of hepatocytes to changes in parenchymal fluid pressure (PFP), it is necessary to evaluate the biomechanical environment within decellularized scaffolds. The objective of this study was to characterize the dependence of PFP on perfusion flow rate, in native and decellularized liver. Needle-guided Millar SPR-524 (3.5F) pressure sensors were inserted into liver parenchyma to measure PFP in-situ in rat (n=5) and ex-situ in portal vein-perfused native (n=5) and decellularized (n=7) liver tissue. Average in-situ PFP, measured in the left, central and right lobes, was found to be 2.86±1.04 mmHg. PFP measured in ex-situ liver perfused at 3, 6, 9, and 12 ml/min was found to increase linearly with flow rate. Decellularized liver PFP ranged from 0.68 mmHg at 3ml/min to 2.42 mmHg at 12 ml/min, while native liver ranged from 4.32  11.93 mmHg. Results demonstrate that PFP in decellularized scaffolds can be controlled by varying flow rate. These results will be implemented in a poroviscoelastic finite element model of liver perfusion, developed by the authors, to predict PFP distribution in three-dimensional scaffolds for known flow rates. This computationally efficient model can be used to optimize perfusion bioreactor conditions throughout the scaffold, to aid in the engineering of functional liver tissue from a decellularized liver organoid.
Mixing Preshared Keys in IKEv2 for Post-quantum Resistance (2019)

The possibility of quantum computers poses a serious challenge to
cryptographic algorithms deployed widely today. IKEv2 is one example
of a cryptosystem that could be broken; someone storing VPN
communications today could decrypt them at a later time when a quantum
computer is available. It is anticipated that IKEv2 will be extended
to support quantum-secure key exchange algorithms; however that is not
likely to happen in the near term. To address this problem before
then, this document describes an extension of IKEv2 to allow it to be
resistant to a quantum computer, by using preshared keys.
Chemoprevention of gastric cancer (2006)

Gastric cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer-associated death in the world. The high mortality is largely attributed to the huge number of at-risk individuals as well as the delay in presentation. Hence, chemoprevention of gastric cancer appears to be the most promising approach in reducing the incidence and mortality related to this cancer. Among various chemoprevention strategies, Helicobacter pylori eradication is the one being most extensively examined. Results from several large-scale prospective randomized studies, however, showed marginal benefits of H. pylori eradication on regression of premalignant gastric lesions. Moreover, there is no significant reduction in gastric cancer incidence. Similarly, ascorbic acid and/or beta-carotene supplementation have borderline effects on premalignant gastric lesions. Based on epidemiological data, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with a reduced risk of stomach cancer. Future studies should evaluate the role of other chemopreventive agents, particularly specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, in reducing the risk of gastric cancer.
Size effects in plasma-enhanced nano-transfer adhesion (2018)

Plasma bonding and layer-by-layer transfer molding have co-existed for decades, and here we offer a combination of the two that drives both techniques to the nanoscale. Using fluorinated elastomeric stamps, lines of plasma-treated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were stacked into multi-layer woodpile structures via transfer molding, and we observe a pronounced size effect wherein nanoscale lines (≤280 nm period) require ultra-low plasma dose (<20 J) and fail to bond at the much higher range of plasma dose (600 J to 900 J) recommended in the PDMS plasma bonding literature. The size effect appears to be related to the thickness of the oxide film that develops on the PDMS surface during treatment, and we employ an empirical relationship, , to estimate the thickness of this film in the low plasma dose (<100 J) regime. The empirical relationship shows good agreement with existing studies on plasma-treated PDMS oxide film thickness, and the transition between successful transfer and delamination coincides well with a critical value of the oxide thickness relative to the thickness of the transferred layer. Through peel testing, we identified a transition in failure mode of flat plasma-bonded PDMS consistent with the optimal plasma dose in previous literature but otherwise observed strong, irreversible adhesion even at ultra-low plasma dose. By demonstrating the importance of low plasma dose for plasma-enhanced nano-transfer adhesion, these results advance our understanding of irreversible adhesion of soft materials at the nanoscale and open up new opportunities within the relatively unstudied ultra-low dose plasma treatment regime.
Calibrated work function mapping by Kelvin probe force microscopy (2018)

We propose and demonstrate the implementation of an alternative work function tip calibration procedure for Kelvin probe force microscopy under ultrahigh vacuum, using monocrystalline metallic materials with known crystallographic orientation as reference samples, instead of the often used highly oriented pyrolytic graphite calibration sample. The implementation of this protocol allows the acquisition of absolute and reproducible work function values, with an improved uncertainty with respect to unprepared highly oriented pyrolytic graphite-based protocols. The developed protocol allows the local investigation of absolute work function values over nanostructured samples and can be implemented in electronic structures and devices characterization as demonstrated over a nanostructured semiconductor sample presenting Al<sub>0.7</sub>Ga<sub>0.3</sub>As and GaAs layers with variable thickness. Additionally, using our protocol we find that the work function of annealed highly oriented pyrolytic graphite is equal to 4.6 ± 0.03 eV.
ChemInform Abstract: BIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)COPPER(I) TETRAHYDROBORATE IN THE REDUCTION OF ACID CHLORIDES TO ALDEHYDES (1978)

Abstract Die Reduktion der Säurechloride (I) zu den Aldehyden (III) erfolgt in Gegenwart des Triphenylphosphin‐kupfer‐boranates (II) mit hohen Ausbeuten.
Scanning Probe Microscopy on Practical Devices (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Electrical SPM of Active Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices Magnetic Force Microscopy of Storage Devices NSOM of Electrooptical Devices and Nanostructures Friction Force Microscopy of Storage Media and MEMS Devices References
Sodium Cation Migration Above the Diimine π‐System of Solvent Coordinated dpp‐BIAN Sodium Aluminum Complexes (dpp‐BIAN=1,2‐Bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) (2007)

The reactions of the disodium salt of the 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (dpp-BIAN) ligand with one equivalent of Me2AlCl in diethyl ether, toluene, and benzene produced the complexes [Na(Et2O)2(dpp-BIAN)AlMe2] (1), [Na(eta6-C7H8)(dpp-BIAN)AlMe2] (2) and [Na(eta6-C6H6)(dpp-BIAN)AlMe2] (3), respectively. Recrystallization of 1 from hexane afforded solvent-free [{Na(dpp-BIAN)AlMe2}n] (4) or [Na(Et2O)(dpp-BIAN)AlMe2] (5) depending on the temperature of the solvent. The molecular structures of 1-5 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The sodium cation coordinates either one of the naphthalene rings (1) or the diimine part of the dpp-BIAN ligand (2-5). In the complexes 2 and 3, the sodium cation additionally coordinates the toluene (2) or benzene molecule (3) in an eta6-fashion.