gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong enhancement of surface diffusion by nonlinear surface acoustic waves (2015)

The phenomenon of acoustic activation of surface diffusion is investigated in a combined computational and experimental study. The ability of pulsed laser-generated surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance the mobility of small atomic clusters is demonstrated by directly tracking, with fluorescence microscopy, individual $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{u}}_{8}$ clusters moving on a (111) silicon substrate. A 19-fold increase in the effective diffusion coefficient is measured in room temperature experiments in the presence of SAWs generated by nanosecond pulse laser irradiation at a 100 Hz repetition rate. A strong enhancement of cluster mobility by SAWs is also observed in large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of surface diffusion of small atomic clusters. The analysis of the computational results demonstrates that the nonlinear sharpening of SAWs and the corresponding enrichment of the SAW spectra by high frequency harmonics which are capable of dynamic coupling to the cluster vibrations are responsible for the efficient acoustic activation of surface mobility in the simulations. The increase in the effective diffusion coefficient is proportional to the number of the SAW pulses passing through the diffusion region per unit time and a dramatic 4500-fold diffusion enhancement (corresponds to an equivalent temperature increase by $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$) is predicted in the simulations for $15\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$ SAWs. The ability of SAWs to affect atomic-level surface processes has far-reaching implications for the design of new techniques where the acoustic energy serves as an effective substitution for thermal activation in applications where heating must be avoided or rapid switching of surface conditions is required.
Abamectin resistance in strains of vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is linked to elevated glutathione S‐transferase activity (2013)

Abamectin resistance was selected in the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) under laboratory conditions, and cross-resistance patterns and possible resistance mechanisms in the abamectin-resistant strains (AL-R, AF-R) were investigated. Compared with the susceptible strain (SS), strain AL-R displayed 39-fold resistance to abamectin after 20 selection cycles during 25 generations, and strain AF-R exhibited 59-fold resistance to abamectin after 16 selection cycles during 22 generations. No cross-resistance to cyromazine was found in both abamectin-resistant strains. However, we failed to select for cyromazine resistance in L. sativae under laboratory conditions by conducting 17 selection cycles during 22 generations. However, moderate levels of cross-resistance to abamectin (6-9 fold) were observed in strains which received cyromazine treatments. Biochemical analysis showed that glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in both abamectin-resistant strains (AL-R, AF-R) was significantly higher than in the susceptible strain (SS), suggesting metabolically driven resistance to abamectinin L. sativae. Recommendations of mixtures or rotation of cyromazine and abamectin should be considered carefully, as consecutive cyromazine treatments may select for low-level cross-resistance to abamectin.
Combined Measurement of Translational and Rotational Diffusion in Quaternary Acyclic Ammonium and Cyclic Pyrrolidinium Ionic Liquids (2013)

The translational self-diffusion coefficients (D(T)) for a series of tetra-alkyl acyclic ammonium and cyclic pyrrolidinium ionic liquids (ILs) were measured using (1)H pulse field gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopy over various temperatures. These NMR diffusion results were combined with previously measured rotational diffusion coefficients (D(R)) obtained from (14)N NMR relaxation measurements for the same ILs (Alam, T. M.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 4307- 4316). The D(T)/D(R) ratio was then used to estimate the effective hydrodynamic radius and corresponding volumes without the need to directly measure the viscosities of the ILs. The generality, validity, and performance of using this D(T)/D(R) ratio is discussed and compared to the effective hydrodynamic volumes obtained using classic D(T)/viscosity and D(R)/viscosity relationships. The temperature variation observed for the molecular volumes obtained using the D(T)/D(R) ratio is argued to be a signature for the breakdown or decoupling of the Stokes-Einstein and Stoke-Einstein-Debye relationships in these neat IL systems, consistent with recent molecular dynamic simulations.
11.1: Invited Paper : Advances in Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2006)

Abstract This paper discusses the latest developments towards a commercial blue phosphorescent organic light emitting device (PHOLED™) technology. Progress towards achieving a high efficiency, long‐lived saturated blue PHOLED is discussed. First, a high efficiency (20% EQE, 45 cd/A), light blue (0.17, 0.39) PHOLED is presented. Next, long‐lived blue PHOLEDs having chromaticity co‐ordinates (0.17, 0.38) and (0.16, 0.29) are estimated to degrade to half their initial luminance of 200cd/m 2 after &gt;100,000 hrs and 17,500 hrs, respectively. Finally, results from PHOLEDs designed to increase blue color saturation and lifetime are presented.
Repeated Fractions of X-Radiation to the Breast Fat Pads of Mice Augment Activation of the Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidate-Inflammatory Cycle (2019)

Breast cancer patients are usually treated with multiple fractions of radiotherapy (RT) to the whole breast after lumpectomy. We hypothesized that repeated fractions of RT would progressively activate the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate-inflammatory cycle. To test this, a normal breast fat pad and a fat pad containing a mouse 4T1 tumor were irradiated with X-rays using a small-animal "image-guided" RT platform. A single RT dose of 7.5 Gy and three daily doses of 7.5 Gy increased ATX activity and decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations. The concentrations of IL-6 and TNFα in plasma and of VEGF, G-CSF, CCL11 and CXCL10 in the irradiated fat pad were increased, but only after three fractions of RT. In 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice, three fractions of 7.5 Gy augmented tumor-induced increases in plasma ATX activity and decreased adiponectin levels in the tumor-associated mammary fat pad. There were also increased expressions of multiple inflammatory mediators in the tumor-associated mammary fat pad and in tumors, which was accompanied by increased infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes into tumor-associated adipose tissue. This work provides novel evidence that increased ATX production is an early response to RT and that repeated fractions of RT activate the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate-inflammatory cycle. This wound healing response to RT-induced damage could decrease the efficacy of further fractions of RT.
Approximate Optimization Algorithms with Quantum Hamiltonian Relaxation (2021)

Combinatorial problems are formulated to find optimal designs within a fixed set of constraints. They are commonly found across diverse engineering and scientific domains. Understanding how to best use quantum computers for combinatorial optimization is to date an open problem. Here we propose new methods for producing approximate solutions for the maximum cut problem and its weighted version, which are based on relaxations to local quantum Hamiltonians. These relaxations are defined through commutative maps, which in turn are constructed borrowing ideas from quantum random access codes. We establish relations between the spectra of the relaxed Hamiltonians and optimal cuts of the original problems, via two quantum rounding protocols. The first one is based on projections to random magic states. It produces average cuts that approximate the optimal one by a factor of least 0.555 or 0.625, depending on the relaxation chosen, if given access to a quantum state with energy between the optimal classical cut and the maximal relaxed energy. The second rounding protocol is deterministic and it is based on estimation of Pauli observables. The proposed quantum relaxations inherit memory compression from quantum random access codes, which allowed us to test the performances of the methods presented for 3-regular random graphs and a design problem motivated by industry for sizes up to 40 nodes, on superconducting quantum processors.
Host-cell DNA methylation patterns during high-risk HPV-induced carcinogenesis reveal a heterogeneous nature of cervical pre-cancer (2018)

Cervical cancer development following a persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is driven by additional host-cell changes, such as altered DNA methylation. In previous studies, we have identified 12 methylated host genes associated with cervical cancer and pre-cancer (CIN2/3). This study systematically analyzed the onset and DNA methylation pattern of these genes during hrHPV-induced carcinogenesis using a longitudinal in vitro model of hrHPV-transformed cell lines (n = 14) and hrHPV-positive cervical scrapings (n = 113) covering various stages of cervical carcinogenesis. DNA methylation analysis was performed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) and relative qMSP values were used to analyze the data. The majority of genes displayed a comparable DNA methylation pattern in both cell lines and clinical specimens. DNA methylation onset occurred at early or late immortal passage, and DNA methylation levels gradually increased towards tumorigenic cells. Subsequently, we defined a so-called cancer-like methylation-high pattern based on the DNA methylation levels observed in cervical scrapings from women with cervical cancer. This cancer-like methylation-high pattern was observed in 72% (38/53) of CIN3 and 55% (11/20) of CIN2, whereas it was virtually absent in hrHPV-positive controls (1/26). In conclusion, hrHPV-induced carcinogenesis is characterized by early onset of DNA methylation, typically occurring at the pre-tumorigenic stage and with highest DNA methylation levels at the cancer stage. Host-cell DNA methylation patterns in cervical scrapings from women with CIN2 and CIN3 are heterogeneous, with a subset displaying a cancer-like methylation-high pattern, suggestive for a higher cancer risk.
Recent Advances Toward Understanding Osteoclast Physiology (1993)

Osteoclasts develop from precursor cells of the monocyte series. However, specialized differentiation for efficient bone degradation separates the osteoclast from the macrophage. The physical reasons for these differences are emerging from the study of osteoclastic physiology and biochemistry. Key osteoclast specializations are multinucleation, formation of a tightly sealed extracellular compartment on bone, and high-capacity secretion of HCl and acid proteases into this extracellular site. Multinucleation increases efficiency of extracellular attachment processes. The attachment process is mediated by cell membrane integrins, and is sensitive to changes in intracellular or extracellular calcium. Acid production exploits carbonic acid as the source of acid and conjugate base equivalents, reflected in abundant osteoclastic carbonic anhydrase type II expression. Secretion of acid involves extremely high expression of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase and a chloride channel in the cell's specialized acid secreting organelle, the ruffled membrane, which is polarized to the osteoclast's bone attachment. Acid secretion is balanced by chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the cell's nonbone attached membranes; this functionally resembles the band 3 chloride-bicarbonate exchanger of the red cell carbon dioxide transport system. Bone collagen is degraded by acid proteases secreted into the acid degradation site via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor system, which is targeted to lysosomes in other cells. Functional deficits, as in osteopetrosis, may affect any of the elements involved in osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, new antiosteoclastic therapeutic agents may inhibit osteoclast biochemistry intentionally, such as for the control of hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Design-For-Reliability Flow in 7nm Products with Data Center and Automotive Applications (2019)

We improved Design-For-Reliability (DFR) flow in the 7nm technology node for data center and automotive applications. Thermal issues are estimated in the design stage to meet the reliability target for high power applications. We estimate the Middle-End-Of-Line (MEOL) / Back-End-Of-Line (BEOL) length of the whole chip with voltage information to guarantee reliability of extremely large chips. Impact of package components on product reliability should be considered to meet the automotive application target. Aging simulations need to be checked more carefully when positive feedback is expected.
Pathophysiological Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Alkaline Phosphatase in Medial Artery Calcification (2014)

Medial vascular calcification (MVC) is a pathological phenomenon that causes vascular stiffening and can lead to heart failure; it is common to a variety of conditions, including aging, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, obesity, and a variety of rare genetic diseases. These conditions share the common feature of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) upregulation in the vasculature. To evaluate the role of TNAP in MVC, we developed a mouse model that overexpresses human TNAP in vascular smooth muscle cells in an X-linked manner. Hemizygous overexpressor male mice (Tagln-Cre(+/-) ; Hprt(ALPL) (/Y) or TNAP-OE) show extensive vascular calcification, high blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, and have a median age of death of 44 days, whereas the cardiovascular phenotype is much less pronounced and life expectancy is longer in heterozygous (Tagln-Cre(+/-) ; Hprt(ALPL) (/-) ) female TNAP-OE mice. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of osteoblast and chondrocyte markers and decreased expression of vascular smooth muscle markers in the aortas of TNAP-OE mice. Through medicinal chemistry efforts, we developed inhibitors of TNAP with drug-like pharmacokinetic characteristics. TNAP-OE mice were treated with the prototypical TNAP inhibitor SBI-425 or vehicle to evaluate the feasibility of TNAP inhibition in vivo. Treatment with this inhibitor significantly reduced aortic calcification and cardiac hypertrophy, and extended lifespan over vehicle-treated controls, in the absence of secondary effects on the skeleton. This study shows that TNAP in the vasculature contributes to the pathology of MVC and that it is a druggable target.
Strategies for the Identification and Assessment of Bacterial Strains with Specific Probiotic Traits (2022)

Early in the 1900s, it was proposed that health could be improved and senility delayed by manipulating gut microbiota with the host-friendly bacteria found in yogurt. Later, in 1990, the medical community reconsidered this idea and today probiotics represent a developed area of research with a billion-dollar global industry. As a result, in recent decades, increased attention has been paid to the isolation and characterization of novel probiotic bacteria from fermented foods and dairy products. Most of the identified probiotic strains belong to the lactic acid bacteria group and the genus <i>Bifidobacterium</i>. However, current molecular-based knowledge has allowed the identification and culture of obligatory anaerobic commensal bacteria from the human gut, such as <i>Akkermansia</i> spp. and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> spp., among other human symbionts. We are aware that the identification of new strains of these species does not guarantee their probiotic effects and that each effect must be proved through in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies before clinical trials (before even considering it as a probiotic strain). In most cases, the identification and characterization of new probiotic strain candidates may lack the appropriate set of in vitro experiments allowing the next assessment steps. Here, we address some innovative strategies reported in the literature as alternatives to classical characterization: (i) identification of alternatives using whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, metabolomics, and multi-omics analysis; and (ii) probiotic characterization based on molecular effectors and/or traits to target specific diseases (i.e., inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, allergies, among others).
Tailoring the Valence Band Offset of Al2O3 on Epitaxial GaAs1–ySby with Tunable Antimony Composition (2015)

Mixed-anion, GaAs1-ySby metamorphic materials with tunable antimony (Sb) compositions extending from 0 to 100%, grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), were used to investigate the evolution of interfacial chemistry under different passivation conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to determine the change in chemical state progression as a function of surface preclean and passivation, as well as the valence band offsets, conduction band offsets, energy band parameters, and bandgap of atomic layer deposited Al2O3 on GaAs1-ySby for the first time, which is further corroborated by X-ray analysis and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Detailed XPS analysis revealed that the near midpoint composition, GaAs0.45Sb0.55, passivation scheme exhibits a GaAs-like surface, and that precleaning by HCl and (NH4)2S passivation are mandatory to remove native oxides from the surface of GaAsSb. The valence band offsets, ΔEv, were determined from the difference in the core level to the valence band maximum binding energy of GaAs1-ySby. A valence band offset of >2 eV for all Sb compositions was found, indicating the potential of utilizing Al2O3 on GaAs1-ySby (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) for p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) applications. Moreover, Al2O3 showed conduction band offset of ∼2 eV on GaAs1-ySby (0 ≤ y ≤ 1), suggesting Al2O3 dielectric can also be used for n-type MOS applications. The surface passivation of GaAs0.45Sb0.55 materials and the detailed band alignment analysis of Al2O3 high-κ dielectrics on tunable Sb composition, GaAs1-ySby materials, provides a pathway to utilize GaAsSb materials in future microelectronic and optoelectronic applications.
A Comparison of the Antibacterial Activities of Some new Zealand Honeys (1988)

SummaryThere is increasing interest in the use of honey for the treatment of bacterial infections. Because of the variation known to occur between different honeys in the strength of antibacterial activity, it is important to choose the right type of honey for medicinal use. A range of New Zealand monofloral honeys was assayed to compare their antibacterial activity. Solutions of each honey, at concentrations 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 of the original, were tested in an agar well, diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus. Highly significant differences in activity were found between the honeys. Some inconsistencies were seen in the results, possibly owing to the inaccuracy of identification of the honeys (pollen analysis was not carried out). However, the more active honeys in general, were kanuka, manuka, and penny royal. Nodding thistle, kamahi and buttercup honeys had lower activity. The honeys with lowest activity were found to be rewa-rewa, clover, heather, tawari, rata, towai, thyme and blue borage. Firm conclusions could not be drawn on the relative activity of most of the types of honey because of the small number of samples obtained from each type. However the activity of manuka honey was significantly higher than that of clover and heather/ling honey.
A New Series of Sorbent Devices for Multiple Clinical Purposes: Current Evidence and Future Directions (2018)

Adsorption is an extracorporeal technique utilized for blood purification. It complements convection and diffusion (the main modalities of solute removal). It involves the passage of blood (or plasma) through an adsorption cartridge, where solutes are removed by direct binding to the sorbent material. Over the years, new adsorption cartridges, with improved characteristics have been developed. Furthermore, the therapeutic applications of adsorption have expanded. These now involve the treatment of inflammatory conditions, chronic uremic symptoms, and autoimmune disease, in addition to intoxication, which was once considered the classical indication for adsorption therapy. HA130, HA230, and HA330 (Jafron, Zhuhai City, China) are among the widely used adsorption cartridges in China. There has been sufficient body of evidence to support their effectiveness and safety. In this review, we aim to highlight their main clinical applications.
Substrate-insensitive Phased Array with Improved Circularly-polarized Scan Angle for 5G Mobile Terminals (2018)

This paper introduces a concept of a substrateinsensitive circularly-polarized phased array for 28 GHz mobile terminal applications.Each array element is a metalized cross slot antenna, which covers the bandwidth of 25-31 GHz.The performance of the designed circularlypolarized antenna is insensitive to substrate permittivity and loss tangent.By adjusting the edge effects of the phased array, the array scan angle with circular polarization can be efficiently improved.User hand effect on the array scan angle with circular polarization is investigated.The proposed mobile terminal phased array is fabricated.S parameters, radiation patterns and realized gain of all the array elements are measured.The measured results agree well with the simulations.
L'hyperthyrocalcitoninémie associée aux thyroïdites chroniques autoimmunes. A-t-elle une signification? (1995)

peer reviewed
Supplemental Tables S1-S4 from Grapefruit-Derived Nanovectors Use an Activated Leukocyte Trafficking Pathway to Deliver Therapeutic Agents to Inflammatory Tumor Sites (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables S1-S4. Characteristics of 20 colon cancer patients (S1); Characteristics of 21 breast cancer patients (S2); IHC scores of chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL5) in human colon cancer tissues (S3); IHC scores of chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL5) in human breast cancer tissues (S4).&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 3 from Measles Virus Vaccine–Infected Tumor Cells Induce Tumor Antigen Cross-Presentation by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 115K, Supplemental figure 3: Infection of pDC by MV-eGFP or UV-irradiated MV-eGFP: pDC in presence of IL-3 or Meso13 cells were cultured alone (NI) or with MV-eGFP (MV) or UV-irradiated (312nm - 100kj/m�) MV-eGFP (MV*) at MOI=50 during 72hrs (upper panel) or during 2hrs and then cultured during 70hrs (lower panel). Fluorescence was analyzed by flow cytometry.&lt;/p&gt;