gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards MKM in the Large: Modular Representation and Scalable Software Architecture (2010)

MKM has been defined as the quest for technologies to manage mathematical knowledge. MKM "in the small" is well-studied, so the real problem is to scale up to large, highly interconnected corpora: "MKM in the large". We contend that advances in two areas are needed to reach this goal. We need representation languages that support incremental processing of all primitive MKM operations, and we need software architectures and implementations that implement these operations scalably on large knowledge bases. We present instances of both in this paper: the MMT framework for modular theory-graphs that integrates meta-logical foundations, which forms the base of the next OMDoc version; and TNTBase, a versioned storage system for XML-based document formats. TNTBase becomes an MMT database by instantiating it with special MKM operations for MMT.
Is the edge really necessary for drone computing offloading? An experimental assessment in carrier‐grade 5G operator networks (2022)

Abstract In this article, we evaluate the first experience of computation offloading from drones to real fifth‐generation (5G) operator systems, including commercial and private carrier‐grade 5G networks. A follow‐me drone service was implemented as a representative testbed of remote video analytics. In this application, an image of a person from a drone camera is processed at the edge, and image tracking displacements are translated into positioning commands that are sent back to the drone, so that the drone keeps the camera focused on the person at all times. The application is characterised to identify the processing and communication contributions to service delay. Then, we evaluate the latency of the application in a real non standalone 5G operator network, a standalone carrier‐grade 5G private network, and, to compare these results with previous research, a Wi‐Fi wireless local area network. We considered both multi‐access edge computing (MEC) and cloud offloading scenarios. Onboard computing was also evaluated to assess the trade‐offs with task offloading. The results determine the network configurations that are feasible for the follow‐me application use case depending on the mobility of the end user, and to what extent MEC is advantageous over a state‐of‐the‐art cloud service.
Investigation and reduction of frequency pulling in SiGe mm-wave VCOs at limited power consumption (2010)

The influence of load variation on the oscillation frequency of wideband mm-wave VCOs in a SiGe bipolar technology is investigated theoretically and experimentally. This load variation can change the real part of the voltage gain of the oscillating transistor stage, which varies the input impedance of this stage via C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CB</sub> , thus leading to the so called frequency pulling δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> . This effect can be reduced, at relatively low power dissipation (240 mW in total for the 80 GHz VCOs under investigation), by use of a common-base stage at the output of the oscillator and, furthermore, by two cross-coupled compensation diodes in the oscillator core. The latter measure slightly reduces the tuning range (from Δf <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">osc</sub> = 24.5 GHz to still remarkable 18.7 GHz), but does not degrade phase noise and output power (-97 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency and 11 dBm, respectively, at center frequency).
High Sintering Resistance of Size-Selected Platinum Cluster Catalysts by Suppressed Ostwald Ripening (2014)

Employing rationally designed model systems with precise atom-by-atom particle size control, we demonstrate by means of combining noninvasive in situ indirect nanoplasmonic sensing and ex situ scanning transmission electron microscopy that monomodal size-selected platinum cluster catalysts on different supports exhibit remarkable intrinsic sintering resistance even under reaction conditions. The observed stability is related to suppression of Ostwald ripening by elimination of its main driving force via size-selection. This study thus constitutes a general blueprint for the rational design of sintering resistant catalyst systems and for efficient experimental strategies to determine sintering mechanisms. Moreover, this is the first systematic experimental investigation of sintering processes in nanoparticle systems with an initially perfectly monomodal size distribution under ambient conditions.
CHRNA5/A3/B4 Variant rs3743078 and Nicotine-Related Phenotypes: Indirect Effects Through Nicotine Craving (2016)

These results suggest that nicotine craving may play a central role in nicotine use disorders and may have utility as a therapeutic target.
Oxidation endurance of boron nitride nanotube field emitters (2014)

Boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have negative electron affinity, which makes BN a promising cold electron emission material. BN nanotube (BNNT) field emitters show excellent oxidation endurance after high temperature thermal annealing at 600 °C in air ambient. There is no damage to the BNNTs after the thermal annealing at a temperature of 600 °C and also no degradation of field emission properties. In this work, the thermal annealed BNNTs exhibit a high maximum emission current density of 8.39 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and robust long-term emission stability. The results reveal that BNNTs can be a promising emitter material for field emission devices under harsh environments.
Characterization of antibody-antigen interactions using biolayer interferometry (2021)

This protocol describes the use of a biolayer interferometry platform for assessing antibody-antigen interactions. The protocol focuses on affinity determination and epitope binning, although the system can be utilized for measuring any protein-protein interaction. Readings are collected in real time, allowing the use of unlabeled molecules, and data can thus be obtained in a fast and easy manner. Experiments should be carefully designed, taking into consideration the tested interaction, available sensors, and suitable controls. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Noy-Porat et al. (2021).
The Goldilocks zone: young adults’ credibility perceptions of online news articles based on visual appearance (2021)

Credibility judgments of online news are affected greatly by perceived expertise and trustworthiness, but users encounter an article’s visual appearance before its content, and yet visual appearance has not been studied in isolation. We conduct two studies of news article visual appearance. The first was with 31 undergraduates who rated the credibility of synthetic newslike articles containing only “lorem ipsum” text, indistinct videos and images, non-functional hyperlinks, and various fonts. The second study was with 30 different university students who rated the credibility of news articles from popular web outlets, half credible and half not. The articles were presented at 5600 words per minute, or 20 times faster than typical reading speeds, enabling only judgments of appearance, not substance. Findings show that credibility is affected by article length, image count and density, and font face and size. These factors interact to yield differential effects on perceived credibility. Articles that struck a balance among factors were most credible, giving rise to the notion of a “Goldilocks zone”, where credibility is highest. Interviews from both studies also revealed that perceived credibility was highest for articles that struck a balance among factors. This work has implications for visual information design, especially for online news.
Comparative Analysis of Program/Read Disturb Robustness for GeSbTe-Based Phase-Change Memory Devices (2016)

We propose a comparative analysis for Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and Ge-rich GST based Phase-Change Memory (PCM) devices in terms of program/read disturbs robustness. We present the characterization of the intrinsic drift of the materials, the investigation of the devices response to electrical stress and, finally, the study of the PCM cell behavior in extreme disturb conditions. A higher immunity for Ge-rich GST is verified as well as the importance of high-resistance drift as inhibitor for sub-threshold switching phenomenon.
Identification of an IGSF1‐specific deletion in a five‐generation pedigree with X‐linked Central Hypothyroidism without macroorchidism (2016)

Individuals with identical IGSF1 deletions can exhibit variable pituitary hormone deficiencies, of which overt TSH deficiency is the most consistent feature. We also show that macroorchidism is not obligatory in males with IDS. Mutations of IGSF1 should therefore be considered in males with isolated hypopituitarism that includes TSH deficiency.
Comparison between virus Shedding and Fever Duration after Treating Children with Pandemic a H1N1/09 and Children with a H3N2 with a Neuraminidase Inhibitor (2014)

The virus isolation rates after treatment with each of the NAIs were significantly lower in the A H1N1/09 group, suggesting that the pandemic A H1N1/09 virus was more sensitive to the NAIs than the seasonal A H3N2 virus was. Clinically, there were no significant differences in the effectiveness of the NAIs between the H1N1/09 infected group and H3N2 infected group.
Is Potential Malnutrition Associated With Septic Failure and Acute Infection After Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty? (2014)

Level III, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Ring strain in bis(triethylphosphine)-3,3-dimethylplatinacyclobutane is small (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing strain in bis(triethylphosphine)-3,3-dimethylplatinacyclobutane is smallStephen S. Moore, Robert DiCosimo, Allan F. Sowinski, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4, 948–949Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00394a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00394a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Origin of pyramidal hillocks on GaN thin films grown on free-standing m-plane GaN substrates (2010)

The relationship between pyramidal hillocks and dislocations was studied for GaN thin films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on low-dislocation-density free-standing m-plane GaN substrates. Four-sided pyramidal hillocks were observed on GaN thin films grown on nominally on-axis m-plane GaN substrates. Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed the presence of a dislocation at the apex of each pyramidal hillock. High-resolution atomic force microscopy images showed a pinned step at the apex of each pyramidal hillock and a spiral ramp around the termination of the step, indicating that the pyramidal hillocks arise from spiral growth around screw-component dislocations intersecting the surface of the crystal.
Voltage drop in n- and p-type Bragg reflectors for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1995)

An analysis of carrier transport in n- and p-type distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers that consist of stacks of quarter-wave GaAs-AlAs layers is presented. The analysis is based on the diffusion-drift approximation with the thermionic boundary conditions at heterojunction interfaces. The spatial distribution of carrier effective masses and mobilities has been taken into account. While the voltage drop in n-type DBR is determined mostly by thermionic emission at the interfaces, the drift-diffusion component of the voltage drop is comparable with the thermionic emission in p-type DBR. We present the calculated resistance as a function of graded-region thicknesses and doping levels, which can be useful for low-resistive DBR design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Neck Region of the C-type Lectin DC-SIGN Regulates Its Surface Spatiotemporal Organization and Virus-binding Capacity on Antigen-presenting Cells (2012)

The C-type lectin DC-SIGN expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) facilitates capture and internalization of a plethora of different pathogens. Although it is known that DC-SIGN organizes in nanoclusters at the surface of DCs, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this well defined nanopatterning and role in viral binding remain enigmatic. By combining biochemical and advanced biophysical techniques, including optical superresolution and single particle tracking, we demonstrate that DC-SIGN intrinsic nanoclustering strictly depends on its molecular structure. DC-SIGN nanoclusters exhibited free, Brownian diffusion on the cell membrane. Truncation of the extracellular neck region, known to abrogate tetramerization, significantly reduced nanoclustering and concomitantly increased lateral diffusion. Importantly, DC-SIGN nanocluster dissolution exclusively compromised binding to nanoscale size pathogens. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that heterogeneity on nanocluster density and spatial distribution confers broader binding capabilities to DC-SIGN. As such, our results underscore a direct relationship between spatial nanopatterning, driven by intermolecular interactions between the neck regions, and receptor diffusion to provide DC-SIGN with the exquisite ability to dock pathogens at the virus length scale. Insight into how virus receptors are organized prior to virus binding and how they assemble into functional platforms for virus docking is helpful to develop novel strategies to prevent virus entry and infection.
The interaction of multiply charged intercalating heterocycles with DNA (1988)

Abstract The interaction with DNA of two aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, 1 and 2 , which at pH 6 have two positive charges on their ring systems and two cationic side chains, have been determined. A third similar compound, 3 , with a single side chain and reduced ring charge, was analyzed as a control. Viscometric titrations with sonicated DNA indicated that all three compounds bind to DNA by intercalation. Spectrophotometric binding studies as a function of ionic strength indicated that both 1 and 2 bind to DNA as tetracations at pH 6. These are the first examples of intercalators with two charges directly on the intercalating ring system. Dissociation kinetics experiments as a function of ionic strength confirmed that 1 and 2 bind to DNA as tetracations. Compound 1 has a G · C base‐pair binding preference, 2 seems to prefer binding to alternating pyrimidine–purine sequences regardless of the composition, and 3 has no significant binding specificity.
High-Density Arrays of Micrometer-Sized and Submicrometer- Spaced Luminescent Polymer Pixels by Drop-Casting Technology (2015)

Facile, parallel and effective synthesis of high-density (up to 40 million per cm2) two- dimensional (2D) arrays of luminescent polymer micro-pixels (LPMPs), with micrometric size and spacing ranging from 13 μm down to 300 nm, is demonstrated by drop-casting of conjugated polymer (CP) into 2D macropore lattices.
Synthesis and .BETA.-lactamase inhibitory activity of 6-((1-heteroarylthioethyl-1,2,3-triazol4-yl)methylene)-penam sulfones. (1994)

The synthesis of beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of a series of sodium 6-[(1-heteroarylthioethyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methylene]pe nicillanate, 1,1-dioxides are described. Their activity was compared with tazobactam and sulbactam. The Z-isomers were more active than the E-isomers. The in vitro activity of the Z-isomers of the phenylthiadiazole derivatives (13a and 15a) was better than sulbactam against the tested beta-lactamases and comparable to tazobactam especially against TEM-2 and cephalosporinase. But their synergistic activity with five antibiotics was inferior to tazobactam.
Luandri: a Clean Lua Interface to the Indri Search Engine (2017)

In recent years, the information retrieval (IR) community has witnessed the first successful applications of deep neural network models to short-text matching and ad-hoc retrieval. It is exciting to see the research on deep neural networks and IR converge on these tasks of shared interest. However, the two communities have less in common when it comes to the choice of programming languages. Indri, an indexing framework popularly used by the IR community, is written in C++, while Torch, a popular machine learning library for deep learning, is written in the light-weight scripting language Lua. To bridge this gap, we introduce Luandri (pronounced "laundry"), a simple interface for exposing the search capabilities of Indri to Torch models implemented in Lua.
Mechanisms of the Device Property Alteration Generated by the Proton Irradiation in GaN-Based MIS-HEMTs Using Extremely Thin Gate Insulator (2023)

Recently, we reported that device performance degradation mechanisms, which are generated by the γ-ray irradiation in GaN-based metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs), use extremely thin gate insulators. When the γ-ray was radiated, the total ionizing dose (TID) effects were generated and the device performance deteriorated. In this work, we investigated the device property alteration and its mechanisms, which were caused by the proton irradiation in GaN-based MIS-HEMTs for the 5 nm-thick Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub> gate insulator. The device property, such as threshold voltage, drain current, and transconductance varied by the proton irradiation. When the 5 nm-thick HfO<sub>2</sub> layer was employed for the gate insulator, the threshold voltage shift was larger than that of the 5 nm-thick Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> gate insulator, despite the HfO<sub>2</sub> gate insulator exhibiting better radiation resistance compared to the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> gate insulator. On the other hand, the drain current and transconductance degradation were less for the 5 nm-thick HfO<sub>2</sub> gate insulator. Unlike the γ-ray irradiation, our systematic research included pulse-mode stress measurements and carrier mobility extraction and revealed that the TID and displacement damage (DD) effects were simultaneously generated by the proton irradiation in GaN-based MIS-HEMTs. The degree of the device property alteration was determined by the competition or superposition of the TID and DD effects for the threshold voltage shift and drain current and transconductance deterioration, respectively. The device property alteration was diminished due to the reduction of the linear energy transfer with increasing irradiated proton energy. We also studied the frequency performance degradation that corresponded to the irradiated proton energy in GaN-based MIS-HEMTs using an extremely thin gate insulator.
SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance identifies naturally occurring truncation of ORF7a that limits immune suppression (2021)

Over 950,000 whole-genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been determined for viruses isolated from around the world. These sequences are critical for understanding the spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Using global phylogenomics, we show that mutations frequently occur in the C-terminal end of ORF7a. We isolate one of these mutant viruses from a patient sample and use viral challenge experiments to link this isolate (ORF7a<sup>Δ115</sup>) to a growth defect. ORF7a is implicated in immune modulation, and we show that the C-terminal truncation negates anti-immune activities of the protein, which results in elevated type I interferon response to the viral infection. Collectively, this work indicates that ORF7a mutations occur frequently, and that these changes affect viral mechanisms responsible for suppressing the immune response.
Observation of single crystal diamond whiskers by FE-SEM and TEM (2002)

We have formed two type very thin whiskers on a diamond substrate using a RIE technique. We have found by observation of TEM that the whisker is a single crystal diamond. Diamond whiskers using O 2 = 100% gas have a size of<200 nm and the minimum size of approximately 2 nm. Diamond whiskers using CF 4 /O 2 =1% gas have a size of 50 to 200 nm and the minimum top size of<5 nm.
Spectrally-resolved measurement of concentrated light distributions for Fresnel lens concentrators (2016)

A test method that measures spectrally resolved irradiance distribution for a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) optical system is presented. In conjunction with electrical I-V curves, it is a means to visualize and characterize the effects of chromatic aberration and nonuniform flux profiles under controllable testing conditions. The indoor characterization test bench, METHOD (Measurement of Electrical, Thermal and Optical Devices), decouples the temperatures of the primary optical element (POE) and the cell allowing their respective effects on optical and electrical performance to be analysed. In varying the temperature of the POE, the effects on electrical efficiency, focal distance, spectral sensitivity, acceptance angle and multi-junction current matching profiles can be quantified. This work presents the calibration procedures to accurately image the spectral irradiance distribution of a CPV system and a study of system behavior over lens temperature.
Multiple Bonds between Main Group Elements and Transition Metals. 144.1 Photoreactivity of Organorhenium(VII) Oxides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple Bonds between Main Group Elements and Transition Metals. 144.1 Photoreactivity of Organorhenium(VII) OxidesWolfgang A. Herrmann, Fritz E. Kuehn, Dirk A. Fiedler, Mike R. Mattner, Martin R. Geisberger, Horst Kunkely, Arnd Vogler, and Steen SteenkenCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 11, 5377–5381Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/om00011a064RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (561 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts