gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses (2012)

Early plasma is generated owing to high intensity laser irradiation of target and the subsequent target material ionization. Its dynamics plays a significant role in laser-material interaction, especially in the air environment1-11. Early plasma evolution has been captured through pump-probe shadowgraphy1-3 and interferometry1,4-7. However, the studied time frames and applied laser parameter ranges are limited. For example, direct examinations of plasma front locations and electron number densities within a delay time of 100 picosecond (ps) with respect to the laser pulse peak are still very few, especially for the ultrashort pulse of a duration around 100 femtosecond (fs) and a low power density around 1014 W/cm2. Early plasma generated under these conditions has only been captured recently with high temporal and spatial resolutions12. The detailed setup strategy and procedures of this high precision measurement will be illustrated in this paper. The rationale of the measurement is optical pump-probe shadowgraphy: one ultrashort laser pulse is split to a pump pulse and a probe pulse, while the delay time between them can be adjusted by changing their beam path lengths. The pump pulse ablates the target and generates the early plasma, and the probe pulse propagates through the plasma region and detects the non-uniformity of electron number density. In addition, animations are generated using the calculated results from the simulation model of Ref. 12 to illustrate the plasma formation and evolution with a very high resolution (0.04 ~ 1 ps). Both the experimental method and the simulation method can be applied to a broad range of time frames and laser parameters. These methods can be used to examine the early plasma generated not only from metals, but also from semiconductors and insulators.
Structural study of single Shockley stacking faults terminated near substrate/epilayer interface in 4H-SiC (2021)

Abstract Structural analysis is carried out of a single Shockley stacking fault (1SSF) that terminates near the substrate/epilayer interface and originally expanded from a basal plane dislocation (BPD) segment near the epilayer surface of 4H-SiC. The characteristic zigzag structure is found for the partial dislocations (PDs), with microscopic connecting angles of almost 120°. It has been suggested that the microscopic construction of PDs might be limited by the Peierls valley. The termination line near the substrate/epilayer interface was found to have 30° Si-core and 90° Si-core PDs. This combination is the same as that found near the surface of the epilayer in commonly observed 1SSFs. Penetrating BPDs of this kind were also found experimentally for the first time. For the currently proposed charts for the 1SSF expansions, photoluminescence imaging during UV illumination is one of the nondestructive analysis methods that can provide the structural information and expected expansion shapes of the 1SSFs.
An Optical Replicator for Single-Shot Measurements at 10 GHz With a Dynamic Range of 1800:1 (2010)

High-dynamic-range, single-shot pulse shapes were measured by temporally stacking pulses in a passive, fiber-optic network. The 256 replicas were combined to produce optical shapes with a bandwidth of 10 GHz and a dynamic range of 1800:1. The high fidelity of this system enabled the characterization of arbitrary electrical pulses that were used to shape the optical pulse via an electro-optic modulator with a reduced dynamic range of about 60:1.
Compensation of packaging asymmetry in a 2-d wind sensor (2003)

The influence of packaging on the behavior of a two-dimensional thermal wind sensor has been investigated. Non-ideal packaging increases the thermal asymmetry in the sensor, which in turn distorts its output signal. Such distortion can be compensated for by adjusting the heat distribution in the sensor. Using a combination of CAD modeling techniques, expressions have been derived from which the compensating heat distribution may be directly computed from the uncompensated sensor output.
Mechanisms of adherence of a probioticLactobacillusstrain during and afterin vivoassessment in ulcerative colitis patients (2004)

In a pilot-scale, open-label study to determine the ability of well-characterized probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 cells to adhere to human epithelial cells in situ, the bacterial strain was administered to ulcerative colitis patients at approximately 109 CFU/day for 12 days. Microbiological analysis of biopsy specimens demonstrated that the ingested bacteria effectively adhered to both inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa of the large bowel in significant numbers. In previous reports, we have described the ability of the lactobacilli to adhere to enterocytic epithelial cells in vitro. In this study, we found that the bacteria adhered at higher levels to differentiated rather than undifferentiated epithelial monolayers; and that stationary phase lactobacilli were found to adhere to eukaryotic HT-29 and Caco-2 epithelial cells at greater levels than log phase bacterial cells. Pretreatment of the Lactobacillus cells with proteolytic enzymes abolished attachment, indicating the potential involvement of surface/exposed protein(s) as bacterial adhesin(s). SDS-PAGE (denaturing) techniques determined that the proteolytic treatment resulted in degradation of a cell wall-associated protein of approximately 84 kDa. The proteinaceous factor was purified by both anion-exchange chromatography and by gel extraction after SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and under in vitro assay conditions proved capable of adherence and significant inhibition of bacterial attachment to enterocytic epithelial cells.
Association between the first two immunoglobulin‐like domains of the neural cell adhesion molecule N‐CAM (1999)

The extracellular domain of N-CAM contains five immunoglobulin-like (Ig) and two fibronectin type III-like domains and facilitates cell-cell binding through multiple, weak interdomain interactions. NMR spectroscopy indicated that the two N-terminal Ig-like domains from chicken N-CAM (Ig I and Ig II) interact with millimolar affinity. Physico-chemical studies show that this interaction is significantly amplified when the domains are covalently linked, consistent with an antiparallel domain arrangement. The binding of the two individual domains and the dimerization of the concatenated protein were essentially independent of salt, up to a concentration of 200 mM. The residues in Ig I involved in the interaction map to the BED strands of the beta sandwich, and delineate a largely hydrophobic patch.
Electrophilic substitution of a 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one as a potential route to 3-deoxycarbocyclic nucleosides (1991)

The γ-lactam 9 reacted with bromine in the presence of acetic acid or fluoride ion to give the 6,7-substituted 2-azanorbornan-3-ones 10 or 15 respectively. The latter compounds were converted into the cyclopentylamine derivatives 14 and 16 which represent potentially useful precursors for carbocyclic 3-deoxyribonucleosides.
Development and characterization of micro-mechanical gratings for optical modulation (2002)

Two types of micro-electro-mechanical gratings have been designed for use as optical modulators. The gratings have been fabricated and experimentally characterized, yielding excellent results. Micro-electro-mechanical gratings are possible candidates for applications such as intra-cavity switches for Q-switched lasers, or intensity modulating switches for free-space optical interconnects. Compared to commercially available acousto-optic modulators, micro-electro-mechanical gratings are smaller, weigh less, and can be manufactured in large quantities for a fraction of the cost.
Adventures in Drug Discovery:  Potent Agents Based on Ligands for Cell-Surface Receptors (2006)

How does one go about discovering new drugs? This question is addressed by descriptions of drug discovery research in three project areas that pertain to antagonist ligands for cell-surface receptors. The molecular targets of interest are protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), vasopressin receptors (V1a and V2 subtypes), and the fibrinogen receptor (GPIIb/IIIa). I present different approaches to the identification of high-affinity ligands for these receptors, en route to drug candidates. The PAR-1 project resulted in a pharmacological tool compound that facilitated in vivo proof-of-principle studies, whereas the vasopressin and fibrinogen receptor projects resulted in several preclinical development compounds, three of which advanced into human clinical trials.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Fumonisin B2 (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEnantioselective Total Synthesis of Fumonisin B2Yan Shi, Lee F. Peng, and Yoshito KishiView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 17, 5666–5667Publication Date (Web):August 22, 1997Publication History Received23 June 1997Published online22 August 1997Published inissue 1 August 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9711347https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9711347rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1354Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aldehydes,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
In vitrocharacterization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the commercially available Mesosilver™ dietary supplement (2018)

Dissolved Ag(<sc>i</sc>) and ROS (<italic>i.e.</italic>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>and hydroxyl radical) generation from the commercially available Mesosilver™ dietary supplement are investigated at pH 2–7.
Probing isoform-specific functions of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases using zinc finger nuclease glycoengineered SimpleCells (2012)

Our knowledge of the O-glycoproteome [N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) type] is highly limited. The O-glycoproteome is differentially regulated in cells by dynamic expression of a subset of 20 polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts), and methods to identify important functions of individual GalNAc-Ts are largely unavailable. We recently introduced SimpleCells, i.e., human cell lines made deficient in O-glycan extension by zinc finger nuclease targeting of a key gene in O-glycan elongation (Cosmc), which allows for proteome-wide discovery of O-glycoproteins. Here we have extended the SimpleCell concept to include proteome-wide discovery of unique functions of individual GalNAc-Ts. We used the GalNAc-T2 isoform implicated in dyslipidemia and the human HepG2 liver cell line to demonstrate unique functions of this isoform. We confirm that GalNAc-T2-directed site-specific O-glycosylation inhibits proprotein activation of the lipase inhibitor ANGPTL3 in HepG2 cells and further identify eight O-glycoproteins exclusively glycosylated by T2 of which one, ApoC-III, is implicated in dyslipidemia. Our study supports an essential role for GalNAc-T2 in lipid metabolism, provides serum biomarkers for GalNAc-T2 enzyme function, and validates the use of GALNT gene targeting with SimpleCells for broad discovery of disease-causing deficiencies in O-glycosylation. The presented glycoengineering strategy opens the way for proteome-wide discovery of functions of GalNAc-T isoforms and their role in congenital diseases and disorders.
Standardization of Propagation Models for Terrestrial Cellular Systems: A Historical Perspective (2020)

Abstract Propagation models constitute a fundamental building block of wireless communications research. Before we build and operate real systems, we must understand the science of radio propagation, and develop channel models that both reflect the important propagation processes and allow a fair comparison of different systems. In the past five decades, wireless systems have gone through five generations, from supporting voice applications to enhanced mobile broadband. To meet the ever increasing data rate demands of wireless systems, frequency bands covering a wide range from 800 MHz to 100 GHz have been allocated for use. The standardization of these systems started in the early/mid 1980s in Europe by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute with the advent of Global System for Mobile Communications. This motivated the development of the first standardized propagation model by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) 207 working group. These standardization activities were continued and expanded for the third, fourth, and fifth generations of COST, as well as by the Third Generation Partnership Project, and the International Telecommnunication Union. This paper presents a historical overview of the standardized propagation models covering first to fifth-generation systems. In particular, we discuss the evolution and standardization of pathloss models, as well as large and small-scale fading parameters for single antenna and multiple antenna systems. Furthermore, we present insights into the progress of deterministic modelling across the five generations of systems, as well as discuss more advanced modelling components needed for the detailed simulations of millimeter-wave channels. A comprehensive bibliography at the end of the paper will aid the interested reader to dig deeper.
Formation of p-n Junctions in Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by a Plasma Ion-Irradiation Method (2008)

We have investigated the transport properties of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) encapsulating various molecules or atoms, via a plasma-ion irradiation method. Our measurements indicate that it is possible to make p-n junctions in DWNTs by adjusting the filling levels and types of encapsulated electron dopants.
Zero-shot image classification using coupled dictionary embedding (2022)

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) is a framework to classify images that belong to unseen visual classes using their semantic descriptions about the unseen classes. We develop a new ZSL algorithm based on coupled dictionary learning. The core idea is to enforce the visual features and the semantic attributes of an image to share the same sparse representation in an intermediate embedding space, modeled as the shared input space of two sparsifying dictionaries. In the ZSL training stage, we use images from a number of seen classes for which we have access to both the visual and the semantic attributes to train two coupled dictionaries that can represent both the visual and the semantic feature vectors of an image using a single sparse vector. In the ZSL testing stage and in the absence of labeled data, images from unseen classes are mapped into the attribute space by finding the joint-sparse representations using solely the visual dictionary via solving a LASSO problem. The image is then classified in the attribute space given semantic descriptions of unseen classes. We also provide attribute-aware and transductive formulations to tackle the “domain-shift” and the “hubness” challenges for ZSL, respectively. Experiments on four primary datasets using VGG19 and GoogleNet visual features, are provided. Our performances using VGG19 features are 91.0%, 48.4%, and 89.3% on the SUN, the CUB, and the AwA1 datasets, respectively. Our performances on the SUN, the CUB, and the AwA2 datasets are 57.0%,49.7%, and 71.7%, respectively, when GoogleNet features are used. Comparison with existing methods demonstrates that our method is effective and compares favorably against the state-of-the-art. In particular, our algorithm leads to decent performance on the all four datasets.2
Real-Time Transient Soot and NOX Virtual Sensors for Diesel Engine Using Neuro-Fuzzy Model Tree and Orthogonal Least Squares (2011)

Diesel engine combustion and emission formation is highly nonlinear and thus creates a challenge related to engine diagnostics and engine control with emission feedback. This paper presents a novel methodology to address the challenge and develop virtual sensing models for engine exhaust emission. These models are capable of predicting transient emissions accurately and are computationally efficient for control and optimization studies. The emission models developed in this paper belong to the family of hierarchical models, namely “neuro-fuzzy model tree”. The approach is based on divide-and-conquer strategy i.e. to divide a complex problem into multiple simpler subproblems, which can then be identified using simpler class of models. Advanced experimental setup incorporating a medium duty diesel engine is used to generate training data. Fast emission analyzers for soot and NOX provide instantaneous engine-out emissions. Finally, the Engine-In-the-Loop is used to validate the models for predicting transient particulate mass and NOX.
Subcycle Controlled Charge-Directed Reactivity with Few-Cycle Midinfrared Pulses (2012)

The steering of electron motion in molecules is accessible with waveform-controlled few-cycle laser light and may control the outcome of light-induced chemical reactions. An optical cycle of light, however, is much shorter than the duration of the fastest dissociation reactions, severely limiting the degree of control that can be achieved. To overcome this limitation, we extended the control metrology to the midinfrared studying the prototypical dissociative ionization of D(2) at 2.1 μm. Pronounced subcycle control of the directional D(+) ion emission from the fragmentation of D(2)(+) is observed, demonstrating unprecedented charge-directed reactivity. Two reaction pathways, showing directional ion emission, could be observed and controlled simultaneously for the first time. Quantum-dynamical calculations elucidate the dissociation channels, their observed phase relation, and the control mechanisms.
A self‐regulating TCP acknowledgment (ACK) pacing scheme (2002)

Abstract We describe in this paper a new TCP ACK pacing scheme that dynamically tunes its behavior to account for variations or changes in the network load. The scheme does not require the knowledge of when TCP is in the slow‐start or congestion avoidance phase to determine the proper ACK pacing rate. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Clinical observations and molecular variables of patients with hearing loss and incomplete partition type III (2015)

4. Laryngoscope, 126:E123-E128, 2016.
71: Adoptive Infusion of Donor NK Cells Reduces GVHD in Recipients of T-cell Depleted and T-cell Replete Allogeneic MHC-Matched Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (2008)

Retrospective data suggest that alloreactive NK cell-mediated reduction in GVHD and disease relapse may be limited to patients with AML undergoing T-cell depleted KIR ligand-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Whether NK cells can mediate similar beneficial effects following MHC-matched, T-cell replete allogeneic HCT is currently unknown. We investigated if an infusion of purified donor NK cells would reduce GVHD and simultaneously mediate anti-tumor effects in a murine solid tumor model of MHC-matched allogeneic HCT. Ten days following intravenous injection of 105 RENCA tumor cells, BALB/c recipient mice were irradiated (950 cGy) and transplanted with 8 × 106 bone marrow cells from MHC-matched B10.d2 donors. Recipients of a T-cell replete HCT additionally received 15 × 106 splenocytes from MHC-matched B10.d2 donors on day 0 whereas recipients of a T-cell depleted HCT received no splenocytes on day 0 with or without a delayed infusion of donor lymphocytes (15 × 106 splenocytes) on day +4. All mice in groups receiving splenocytes (day 0 or day +4) developed GVHD (weight loss, alopecia and hunched posture) by day +30 and died before day +60. In contrast, 60% of mice receiving splenocytes and purified donor NK cells (0.5–5 × 106) on day 0 or day +4 remained free of skin GVHD and had significantly lower GVHD scores (see Table). Moreover, 40% of transplant recipients receiving splenocytes and NK cells on either day 0 or day +4 survived ≥60 days post transplant. To further characterize the NK cell subset responsible for prolonging GVHD-free survival, donor NK cells were sorted into BALB/c non-alloreactive Ly49 ligand-matched (Ly49G2) and BALB/c alloreactive Ly49 ligand-mismatched (Ly49C) NK cells. Recipients of Ly49C+ NK cells (given day +5) had significantly less GVHD and prolonged survival (p < 0.01) compared to HCT recipients receiving Ly49G2+ NK cells. No difference in GVHD-free survival was observed between transplant recipients of Ly49G2+ NK cells and controls not receiving NK cells. Pulmonary tumor burden was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in recipients of Ly49C+ or Ly49G2+ NK cells compared to mice not receiving NK cells. These data provide in vivo evidence that a single infusion of alloreactive donor NK cells can prolong survival by both reducing GVHD and mediating anti-tumor effects following MHC-matched T-cell replete allogeneic HCT.TableGVHD scores between day +25 and +45 in 4 different cohorts of HCT recipientsGroups#1 (T-R)#2 (T-D)#3 (T-R)#4 (T-D)Transplant typesplenocytes (d0) (no NK cells)splenocytes (d + 4) (no NK cells)splenocytes (d0) + NK (d + 4)splenocytes (d + 4) + NK (d0)GVHD score ± SD2.8 ± 0.43.0 ± 0.70.5 ± 0.40.7 ± 0.2T-R = T cell replete HCT, T-D = T cell deplete HCT. Groups #3 or #4 vs. #1 or #2 = p < 0.001, students unpaired T-test. Open table in a new tab T-R = T cell replete HCT, T-D = T cell deplete HCT. Groups #3 or #4 vs. #1 or #2 = p < 0.001, students unpaired T-test.
The Transcription Factor LMO2 Is a Robust Marker of Vascular Endothelium and Vascular Neoplasms and Selected Other Entities (2009)

The transcription factor LMO2 is involved in vascular and hematopoietic development and hematolymphoid neoplasia. We have demonstrated that LMO2 is expressed nearly ubiquitously in native and neoplastic vasculature, including lymphatics. LMO2 reactivity is otherwise virtually absent in nonhematolymphoid tissues except in breast myoepithelium, prostatic basal cells, and secretory phase endometrial glands. Vasculature is LMO2- in adult and fetal heart, brain of older adults, hepatic sinusoids, and hepatocellular carcinoma. LMO2 is uniformly expressed in benign vascular and lymphatic neoplasms and in most malignant vascular neoplasms with the exception of epithelioid vascular neoplasms of pleura and bone. Among nonvascular neoplasms, LMO2 reactivity is present in giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, juvenile xanthogranuloma, a subset of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, small round blue cell tumors, and myoepithelial-derived neoplasms. The restricted expression pattern, nuclear localization, and crisp staining of LMO2 in paraffin blocks make it an attractive candidate for the diagnostic immunohistochemistry laboratory.
Asymmetric Transmit-Windowing for Low-Latency and Robust OFDM (2016)

In the content of low-latency 5G systems we revisit in this paper the question of shortening the cyclic prefix in windowed OFDM system without sacrificing OOB power emissions or increasing the ISI and ICI. Based on interference power analysis we propose a new asymmetric window which provides 30 percent cyclic prefix length reduction without increasing adjacent-channel interference power or channel-induced ISI/ICI.