gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superiority illusion arises from resting-state brain networks modulated by dopamine (2013)

The majority of individuals evaluate themselves as superior to average. This is a cognitive bias known as the "superiority illusion." This illusion helps us to have hope for the future and is deep-rooted in the process of human evolution. In this study, we examined the default states of neural and molecular systems that generate this illusion, using resting-state functional MRI and PET. Resting-state functional connectivity between the frontal cortex and striatum regulated by inhibitory dopaminergic neurotransmission determines individual levels of the superiority illusion. Our findings help elucidate how this key aspect of the human mind is biologically determined, and identify potential molecular and neural targets for treatment for depressive realism.
Enhanced Tunneling Current Effect for Nonvolatile Memory Applications (2002)

High-k insulators are currently considered for SiO2 replacement as gate dielectrics in sub-100 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology nodes. The use of double-layer high-k stacks as tunnel dielectrics could bring important benefits in the nonvolatile memory operation by either reducing the operating voltages and/or increasing the programming speed. In this paper, the influence of the high-k parameters on the tunneling current and requirements for achieving higher programming speed without compromising retention are discussed. We show that enhancement of the tunneling current is possible with two-layer low-k/high-k dielectric stacks and confirm the theoretical results based on our experimental data.
Delay spread and time delay jitter for the UHF factory multipath channel (2003)

The results of wideband delay spread and time-delay jitter measurements collected from five factory buildings are presented. Carrier frequency was 1282 MHz. The data show that excess mean delay, RMS delay spread, and time-delay jitter values in single-storey factory buildings are similar to values observed in and around multistorey office buildings. Differential time-delay jitter measurements reveal that the excess mean delay can vary by as much as 180 ns for 5.5-cm shifts in receiver location. Results from 950 multipath power delay profiles collected in 50 local areas are summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
How water meets a very hydrophobic surface (2010)

Is there a low-density region ('gap') between water and a hydrophobic surface? Previous X-ray/neutron reflectivity results have been inconsistent because the effect (if any) is sub-resolution for the surfaces studied. We have used X-ray reflectivity to probe the interface between water and more hydrophobic smooth surfaces. The depleted region width increases with contact angle and becomes larger than the resolution, allowing definitive measurements. Large fluctuations are predicted at this interface; however, we find that their contribution to the interface roughness is too small to measure.
Designing a Programmable Wire-Speed Regular-Expression Matching Accelerator (2012)

A growing number of applications rely on fast pattern matching to scan data in real-time for security and analytics purposes. The RegX accelerator in the IBM Power Edge of Network (PowerEN) processor supports these applications using a combination of fast programmable state machines and simple processing units to scan data streams against thousands of regular-expression patterns at state-of-the-art Ethernet link speeds. RegX employs a special rule cache and includes several new micro-architectural features that enable various instruction dispatch and execution options for the processing units. The architecture applies RISC philosophy to special-purpose computing: hardware provides fast, simple primitives, typically performed in a single cycle, which are exploited by an intelligent compiler and system software for high performance. This approach provides the flexibility required to achieve good performance across a wide range of workloads. As implemented in the PowerEN processor, the accelerator achieves a theoretical peak scan rate of 73.6 Gbit/s, and a measured scan rate of about 15 to 40 Gbit/s for typical intrusion detection workloads.
Structural Elucidation of Cryptic Algaecides in Marine Algal‐Bacterial Symbioses by NMR Spectroscopy and MicroED (2021)

Microbial secondary metabolite discovery is often conducted in pure monocultures. In a natural setting, however, where metabolites are constantly exchanged, biosynthetic precursors are likely provided by symbionts or hosts. In the current work, we report eight novel and architecturally unusual secondary metabolites synthesized by the bacterial symbiont Phaeobacter inhibens from precursors that, in a native context, would be provided by their algal hosts. Three of these were produced at low titres and their structures were determined de novo using the emerging microcrystal electron diffraction method. Some of the new metabolites exhibited potent algaecidal activity suggesting that the bacterial symbiont can convert algal precursors, tryptophan and sinapic acid, into complex cytotoxins. Our results have important implications for the parasitic phase of algal-bacterial symbiotic interactions.
Optimum Design for Sparse FDA-MIMO Automotive Radar (2019)

Automotive radars usually employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays to achieve high azimuthal resolution with fewer elements than a phased array. Despite this advantage, hardware costs and desired radar size limits the usage of more antennas in the array. Similar trade-off is encountered while attempting to achieve high range resolution which is limited by the signal bandwidth. However, nowadays given the demand for spectrum from communications services, wide bandwidth is not readily available. To address these issues, we propose a sparse variant of Frequency Diverse Array MIMO (FDA-MIMO) radar which enjoys the benefits of both FDA and MIMO techniques, including fewer elements, decoupling, and efficient joint estimation of target parameters. We then employ the Cramer-Rao bound for angle and range estimation as a performance metric to design the optimal antenna placement and carrier frequency offsets for the transmit waveforms. Numerical experiments suggest that the performance of sparse FDA-MIMO radar is very close to the conventional FDA-MIMO despite 50% reduction in the bandwidth and antenna elements.
Calidad óptica en ojos pseudofáquicos : medidas experimentales, modelado y aplicaciones = Optical quality in pseudophakic eyes : experimental measurements, modeling and applications (2013)

Hay diferentes formulas para predecir la potencia de la lente intraocular (LIO) a implantar en la cirugia de catarata. La precision de dichas formulas depende del tipo de paciente, y deben ser modificadas para pacientes que se han sometido a una cirugia refractiva previa o que presentan configuraciones oculares poco comunes. Estas formulas estan basadas en optica paraxial y por lo tanto no incorporan el efecto de las aberraciones. En este trabajo, se ha desarrollado y validado clinicamente un procedimiento optimizado de calculo de potencia de LIO basado en trazado exacto de rayos en modelos de ojo personalizados. Se ha demostrado que puede ser utilizado tanto en pacientes normales como en pacientes que se hayan sometido a una cirugia refractiva previa, mejorando en este caso, los resultados de las formulas que representan el estado del arte actual. En estos pacientes, se ha mostrado la necesidad de considerar las aberraciones corneales. PALABRAS CLAVE: Optica, fisica, oftalmologia, trazado de rayos, modelo personalizado de ojo, cirugia de cataratas, cirugia refractiva, lente intraocular, potencia optica, aberraciones corneales, aberracion esferica. SUMMARY: There several formulas to predict the power of the intraocular lens (IOL) to implant in cataract surgery. These are only partially patient specific because some modifications must be made when patients have undergone refractive surgery or present extreme eye geometries. Most common clinically used IOL power calculation methods are based on a paraxial optics representation of the eye and therefore cannot directly account for corneal or IOL aberrations. Therefore, an optimized approach based on ray tracing through customized eye models has been developed and clinically validated during this work. It has been shown that can be used in eyes with no previous LASIK and in post-LASIK eyes, leading to a robust IOL power calculation method. The incorporation of corneal spherical aberration is crucial for the accurate prediction of the IOL power in eyes that have had refractive surgery. KEY WORDS: Optics, physics, ophthalmology, ray tracing, customized eye models, cataract surgery, refractive surgery, intraocular lens, power, corneal aberrations, spherical aberration.
Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine Derivatives: Synthesis and Evaluation as Gαq‐Protein Ligands (2020)

The 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivative BIM-46174 and its dimeric form BIM-46187 (1) are heterocyclized dipeptides that belong to the very few cell-permeable compounds known to preferentially silence Gα<sub>q</sub> proteins. To explore the chemical space of Gα<sub>q</sub> inhibitors of the BIM chemotype, a combinatorial approach was conducted towards a library of BIM molecules. This library was evaluated in a second messenger-based fluorescence assay to analyze the activity of Gα<sub>q</sub> proteins through the determination of intracellular myo-inositol 1-phosphate. Structure-activity relationships were deduced and structural requirements for biological activity obtained, which were (i) a redox reactive thiol/disulfane substructure, (ii) an N-terminal basic amino group, (iii) a cyclohexylalanine moiety, and (iv) a bicyclic skeleton. Active compounds exhibited cellular toxicity, which was investigated in detail for the prototypical inhibitor 1. This compound affects the structural cytoskeletal dynamics in a Gα<sub>q/11</sub> -independent manner.
The Effect of Aging on Urinary Kallikrein Excretion in Normotensive Subjects and in Patients with Essential Hypertension* (1981)

The effect of aging on urinary kallikrein excretion (UkalV) was investigated in 54 normal subjects, 11-88 yr old, and 37 patients with essential hypertension, 17-82 yr old. Urinary sodium, potassium, and aldosterone excretion (U(Ald)V) were also measured in these subjects. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion in both normal subjects and hypertensive patients did not significantly change with aging. In normal subjects, U(kal)V (r = 0.45; P less than 0.001) and U(Ald)V (r = 0.58; P less than 0.01) significantly decreased with increasing age. U(kal)V was positively correlated with U(Ald)V (r = 0.44; P less than 0.001). In contrast, the hypertensive patients had a significant decrease with age in U(Ald)V (r = -0.36; P less than 0.05), but no significant age-related change in U(kal)V. No significant correlation between U(kal)V and U(Ald)V was observed in the hypertensive patients. In individuals less than 60 yr old, there was no significant difference in U(kal)V values between normal subjects and hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients more than 60 yr old excreted more urinary kallikrein than normal subjects of the same age group (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, the age-related decrease of U(kal)V in normal subjects may be due to the reduced activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. It remains to be elucidated whether the absence of the age-related decrease in U(kal)V in hypertensive patients is related to the pathogenesis or pathophysiology of essential hypertension.
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies aberrant transcriptional profiles of cellular populations and altered alveolar niche signalling networks in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (2020)

ABSTRACT Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathogenesis involves a failure to maintain alveolar homeostasis due to repetitive injury and inflammation. In order to improve our understanding of cell-specific mechanisms contributing to COPD pathogenesis, we analysed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) profiles of explanted parenchymal lung tissue from 17 subjects with advanced COPD requiring transplant and 15 control donor lungs. We identified a subpopulation of alveolar type II epithelial cells that uniquely express HHIP and have aberrant stress tolerance profiles in COPD. Amongst endothelial cells, we identified overlapping and unique shifts in transcriptional profiles of endothelial subtypes that may contribute to vascular inflammation and susceptibility to injury. We also identified population composition changes amongst alveolar macrophages. Finally, application of integrative analyses to our scRNAseq data identified cell-specific contributions to COPD heritability and dysfunctional cell-cell communication pathways that occur within the COPD alveolar niche. These findings provide cell type-specific resolution of transcriptional changes associated with advanced COPD that may underlie disease pathogenesis.
Electrochemical metallization ReRAMs (ECM) - Experiments and modelling: general discussion (2019)

Ella Gale opened discussion of the introductory lecture by Rainer Waser: At the end of your talk you introduced complementary resistance switches, which you used for binary pattern matching. Do you have any insight into how you might use these systems to do computation in the real number space?
<title>Low-noise signal detection technique in CMOS image sensors using frame oversampling and nondestructive high-speed readout</title> (2002)

In this paper, we propose a method of low-noise signal detection technique using frame oversampling and a CMOS image sensor with non-destructive high-speed readout mode. The technique enables the use of the high-gain column amplifier and the digital integration of signals without noise accumulation. The column amplifier is effective to reduce the noise due to the wideband amplifier and the quantization noises. The least square estimation of the noise using the intermediate non-destructive outputs further reduces the noise level. Simulation results show that the input referred noise can be reduced to a few electrons.
Relationship of endoscopic lesions of the renal papilla with type of renal stone and 24 h urine analysis (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to study the relationships of the 3 different types of endoscopic calcifications of the renal papilla (Randall’s plaque, intratubular calcification, papillary crater) with the type of stone and urine chemistry. METHODS This prospective study examined 41 patients (age range: 18 to 80 years) who received retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal lithiasis (mean stone size: 15.3 ± 7.2 mm). Endoscopic injuries of the renal papilla were classified as Randall’s plaque, intratubular calcification, or papillary crater. Calculi were classified as uric acid, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM; papillary and cavity), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), or calcium phosphate (CP). A 24 h urine analysis of calcium, oxalate, citrate, phosphate, and pH was performed in all patients. The relationship of each type of papillary endoscopic injury with type of stone and urine chemistry was determined. Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test were used to determine the significance of relationships, and a p value below 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The most common endoscopic injury was tubular calcification (78%), followed by Randall’s plaque (58%), and papillary crater (39%). There was no significant relationship of Randall’s plaque with type of stone. However, endoscopic intratubular calcification (p = 0.025) and papillary crater (p = 0.041) were more common in patients with COD and CP stones. There were also significant relationships of papillary crater with hypercalciuria (p = 0.036) and hyperoxaluria (p = 0.024), and of Randall’s plaque with hypocitraturia (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS There are certain specific relationships between the different types of endoscopic papillary calcifications with stone chemistry and urine chemistry. COD and CP stones were associated with endoscopic tubular calcifications and papillary craters. Hypercalciuria was associated with tubular calcification, and hypocitraturia was associated with Randall’s plaque.
On the behavior of RLS adaptive algorithm in fixed-point implementation (2003)

Two versions of the RLS algorithm suitable for fixed-point implementation are proposed. A brief analysis concerning the convergence properties and the finite precision effects is performed. The simulation results show superior performances of these algorithms in the context of fixed-point implementation.
Nanofibers and Lyotropic Liquid Crystals from a Class of Self‐Assembling β‐Peptides (2008)

Peptide in LC-Phase: Eine Klasse helicaler β-Peptide bildet in Wasser lyotrope flüssigkristalline (LC) Phasen. Die Sequenz der β-Peptide bestimmt, ob es zu einer LC-Phase kommt. β-Peptide, in denen sich hydrophile und lipophile Teile nicht gänzlich trennen, können eine LC-Phase einnehmen. Kryo-TEM-Bilder zeigen dünne Fasern mit einigen Mikrometern Länge, deren Auftreten mit der Onsager-Theorie in Einklang ist. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z704372_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Analysis and design of modified Wollaston prisms (1999)

An exact analysis of the working parameters of a modified Wollaston prism is presented. Parameters include the output splitting angle, the retardation, and the location of the plane of the interference fringes (plane of apparent splitting). Results are presented for the entire range of optical axis inclinations and wedge angles. Approximate expressions from the literature are evaluated. An angle of incidence that causes the plane of the interference fringes to be perpendicular to the axis of the optical system is found for each configuration analyzed. This is then applied to the design of modified Wollaston prisms for Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy.
The role of PGP9.5 as a tumor suppressor gene in human cancer (2008)

PGP9.5 is a controversial molecule from an oncologic point of view. We recently identified frequent methylation of PGP9.5 gene exclusively in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), suggesting that it could be a tumor suppressor gene. On the other hand, PGP9.5 was reported to be overexpressed in a subset of human cancers presumably due to intrinsic oncogenic properties or as a result of transformation. To demonstrate that PGP9.5 possesses tumor suppressive activity, we examined forced expression by stable transfection of PGP9.5 in 4 HNSCC cell lines. Although all 4 cell lines demonstrated reduced log growth rates in culture after transfection, only 2 cell lines with wild type p53 (011, 022) demonstrated decreased growth in soft agar. In 2 cell lines with mutant p53 (013, 019), we observed no altered growth in soft agar and increased sensitivity to UV irradiation. We then tested for and found a high frequency of promoter methylation in a larger panel of primary tumors including HNSCC, esophageal SCC, gastric, lung, prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma. Our data support the notion that PGP9.5 is a tumor suppressor gene that is inactivated by promoter methylation or gene deletion in several types of human cancers.
The SRI/OGI 2006 spoken term detection system (2007)

This paper describes the system developed jointly at SRI and OGI for participation in the 2006 NIST Spoken Term Detection (STD) evaluation. We participated in the three genres of the English track: Broadcast News (BN), Conversational Telephone Speech (CTS), and Conference Meetings (MTG). The system consists of two phases. First, audio indexing, an offline phase, converts the input speech waveform into a searchable index. Second, term retrieval, possibly an online phase, returns a ranked list of occurrences for each search term. We used a word-based indexing approach, obtained with SRI’s large vocabulary Speech-to-Text (STT) system. Apart from describing the submitted system and its performance on the NIST evaluation metric, we study the tradeoffs between performance and system design. We examine performance versus indexing speed, effectiveness of different index ranking schemes on the NIST score, and the utility of approaches to deal with out-of-vocabulary (OOV) terms.
Yellow Cotyledon: A Seedling Disorder of Broccoli (1991)

A seedling disorder of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae L. var. italica) characterized by chlorotic cotyledons and delayed seedling growth is described. This disorder, termed “yellow cotyledon”, has been observed in field plantings under high temperatures with some broccoli seed lots. Yellow-cotyledon disorder can be observed in laboratory germination tests if they are conducted under illumination, where unaffected seedlings will develop green cotyledons. Little relationship was found between overall seed vigor and the expression of yellow cotyledon by use of early germination counts and accelerated aging tests, although the most severely affected seed lots had been stored for several years. Field trials in 2 years showed that although seedlings with yellow-cotyledon disorder developed into normal plants, maturity was delayed and total yields were reduced.
Highly Survivable Restoration Scheme Employing Optical Bandwidth Squeezing in Spectrum-Sliced Elastic Optical Path (SLICE) Network (2009)

This paper proposes a novel restoration scheme in the spectrum-sliced elastic optical network. The proposed scheme achieves a high level of survivability for the traffic that is subject to the committed service profile.
Layout optimization at the pinnacle of optical lithography (2003)

This paper attempts to shed more light on the widely acknowledged need to improve the manufacturabilty of itnegrated chip layouts for sub-100nm technology nodes. After reviewing the parametric performance targets and tiem constaints of the 65nm and 45nm technology nodes, the paper elaborates on the principles of popular resolution enhancement techniques, their impact on chip layouts, and the opportunity for borad layout improvement which they afford. Finally, the viability and feasibility of layout optimization based on a design-for-manufacturability mantra and enabled through "radically design restrictions" is explored.
Abnormal cholesterol metabolism in renal clear cell carcinoma (1987)

The clear cell form of renal cell carcinoma is known to derive its histologic appearance from accumulations of glycogen and lipid. We have found that the most consistently stored lipid form is cholesteryl ester. Clear cell cancer tissue contained 8-fold more total cholesterol and 35-fold more esterified cholesterol than found in normal kidney. Cholesteryl ester appeared to be formed intracellularly since it was not membrane-bound and since oleate was the predominant form, as opposed to linoleate in lipoprotein cholesteryl esters. The cholesterol in clear cell tumors did not appear to be a result of excessive synthesis from acetate since HMG-CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) activity was lower in cancer tissue than in normal kidney (2.9 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.2 +/- 1.2 pmol/mg of protein per min). In contrast, intracellular activity of fatty acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT, EC 2.3.1.26) was higher in tumor tissue than in normal kidney (2405 +/- 546 vs. 1326 +/- 301 pmol/mg of protein per 20 min) while cytosolic cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity appeared normal. Cholesteryl ester storage in clear cell renal cancer may be a result of a primary abnormality in ACAT activity or it may be a result of reduced release of free cholesterol (relative to cell content) with a secondary elevation in ACAT activity.