gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Interfacial Strength and Dimension of Structures on Physical Cleaning Window (2012)

Four different types of FINs; amorphous Si (a-Si), annealed a-Si, polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) and crystalline Si (c-Si) were used to investigate the effect of interfacial strength and the length of structures on the physical cleaning window by measuring their collapse forces by atomic force microscope (AFM). A transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a nanoneedle with a nanomanipulator in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed in order to explain the different collapse behavior and their forces. Different fracture shapes and collapse forces of FINs could explain the influence of the interfacial strength on the pattern strength. Furthermore, the different lengths of a-Si FINs were prepared and their collapse forces were measured and the shorter length reduced their pattern strength. Strong adhesion at the interface resulted in a wider process window while smaller dimensions made the process window narrower.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Diastereoselective Petasis Reactions. (2011)

Abstract Petasis reaction of boronates, protected α‐hydroxy aldehydes and amines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (‐)‐(2R,6R)‐2,6‐Dimethylmorpholine (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultrashort pulse laser surgery of the cornea and the sclera (2010)

International audience
Chemical Components in Noni Fruits and Leaves (Morinda citrifolia L.) (2001)

Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae), commonly known as noni, is a plant typically found in the Hawaiian and Tahitian islands. The bark, stem, root, leaf, and fruit have been used traditionally as a folk remedy for many diseases including diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. In this research, we reported the constituents of the fruits and leaves of this plant from both Hawaii and India. Several new glycosides and iridoids were identified. Four compounds isolated from noni fruits were found to suppress UVB-induced AP-1 activity in cell cultures.
Highly automated sequence for Phase Change Memory test structure characterization (2010)

The Phase Change Memory (PCM), is one of the most promising concepts, as a replacement of Flash memories that should be put in production in next years. However, even if the robustness of such technology is demonstrated for consumer stand-alone applications [1] with typically GST as phase-change chalcogenide material, data retention at high temperature remains an issue, and seemingly even GST based alloys are not able to respect requirements of automotive embedded applications. That is why material research on alternative chalcogenide materials is still lacking, and thorough electrical characterization at analytical cell level is necessary to evaluate the performances of the integrated material. In this work we introduce this concept and the tests to evaluate new technological steps. In particular, we describe the test system optimization and we examine the full automated sequences used for statistic data collection. First step consist in acquiring the SET-toRESET and RESET-to-SET programming characteristics; then data retention tests follow and eventually the cycling experiment close the run. Several characteristics and graphs illustrate this work displaying the key parameters.
Usefulness of FTIR spectroscopy to distinguish rough and smooth variants of Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM-I-3699 (2017)

In this study, the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for assessing putative biochemical and structural differences between the two variants, rough (R) and smooth (S), of Lactobacillus farciminis CNCM-I-3699, a pleomorphic strain, was investigated. The main differences observed were localized in the polysaccharide (1200-900 cm-1) and protein (1700-1500 cm-1) regions. Based on spectral information in these two spectral ranges, clustering resulted in a dendrogram that showed a clear discrimination between both morphotypes. Significant increases in favor of morphotype S compared to R at specific wavenumbers for polysaccharides (22.18% vs. 5.24% at 1068 cm-1) and capsular polysaccharides (16% vs. 13.17% at 1048 cm-1) were recorded. Compared to S, the morphotype R exhibits a 1.27-fold higher signal at the wavenumber of 1637 cm-1 assigned to the amide I β-sheet and a 2.71-fold higher signal at the wavenumber of 1513 cm-1 assigned to the tyrosine involved in the β-sheet arrangement of proteins. The FTIR analysis is efficient to separate and give data on mainly surface component differences observed previously between S colony morphotype (ropy and exopolysaccharide positive) and the R colony morphotype (non-ropy but highly autoaggregative).
Contribution of the baroreflex afferent nerves to the production of vasoconstricted hypertension in volume-expanded dogs. (1989)

Dextran in lactated Ringer's solution (20 ml/kg) was infused for 1 hour into anesthetized dogs with sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy (deafferentation; n = 10) and dogs treated with hexamethonium (de-efferentation; n = 13) to compare with our previous observation in dogs with an intact autonomic nervous system (control, n = 34). During the infusion, increase in blood pressure associated with increase in cardiac output was observed in all three groups. The increases in blood pressure were larger in the two groups with an impaired autonomic nervous system. In the recovery period, the control dogs and the hexamethonium-treated dogs showed gradual increases in total peripheral resistance and in vasoconstricted hypertension 3 hours after stopping the infusion. In contrast, the dogs with sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy did not show any increase in total peripheral resistance. The vasoconstricted groups showed peaks of natriuresis soon after the infusion, not 3 hours after the infusion when vasoconstriction was observed, although the dogs with deafferentation did not show a significant increase in natriuresis. Norepinephrine (0.5 micrograms/kg) was administered intravenously before and after volume expansion, and the pressor responses in the three groups after volume expansion were enhanced similarly (143%, 128%, and 136%, respectively). These results indicate that the afferent signals from peripheral vessels to the brain contribute to the production of vasoconstricted hypertension after acute volume expansion and that the vasoconstriction is independent of pressor hypersensitivity and is dissociated in time from the natriuresis.
Direct Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Borrelia burgdorferi from Whole Blood of Patients with Early Lyme Disease (2012)

Direct molecular tests in blood for early Lyme disease can be insensitive due to low amount of circulating Borrelia burgdorferi DNA. To address this challenge, we have developed a sensitive strategy to both detect and genotype B. burgdorferi directly from whole blood collected during the initial patient visit. This strategy improved sensitivity by employing 1.25 mL of whole blood, a novel pre-enrichment of the entire specimen extract for Borrelia DNA prior to a multi-locus PCR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection assay. We evaluated the assay on blood collected at the initial presentation from 21 endemic area patients who had both physician-diagnosed erythema migrans (EM) and positive two-tiered serology either at the initial visit or at a follow-up visit after three weeks of antibiotic therapy. Results of this DNA analysis showed detection of B. burgdorferi in 13 of 21 patients (62%). In most cases the new assay also provided the B. burgdorferi genotype. The combined results of our direct detection assay with initial physician visit serology resulted in the detection of early Lyme disease in 19 of 21 (90%) of patients at the initial visit. In 5 of 21 cases we demonstrate the ability to detect B. burgdorferi in early Lyme disease directly from whole blood specimens prior to seroconversion.
Employee Awareness of Family Leave Benefits: The Effects of Family, Work, and Gender (2004)

The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) was intended to help employees meet short-term family demands, such as caring for children and elderly parents, without losing their jobs. However, recent evidence suggests that few women and even fewer men employees avail themselves of family leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act. This paper examines the organizational, worker status, and salience/need factors associated with knowledge of family leave benefits. We study employees covered by the FMLA using the 1996 panel of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to ascertain what work and family factors influence knowledge of leave benefits. Overall, 91 percent of employed FMLA-eligible women report they have access to unpaid family leave, compared to 72 percent of men. Logistic regression analyses demonstrate that work situations more than family situations affect knowledge of family leave benefits and that gender shapes the impact of some work and family factors on awareness. Furthermore, work and family situations do not explain away the considerable gender difference in knowledge of family leave.
Colorectal cancer in patients of advanced age is associated with increased incidence of BRAF p.V600E mutation and mismatch repair deficiency (2023)

In summary, there was a higher rate of dMMR and <i>BRAF</i> p.V600E in late-onset CRC, independently or in combination. The higher incidence of dMMR in late-onset CRC in females is most likely predominantly driven by <i>BRAF</i> p.V600E induced hypermethylation. Prospective studies with treatment plans designed specifically for these older patients are warranted to improve their outcomes.
Attractive Instability of Oppositely Charged Membranes Induced by Charge Density Fluctuations (2004)

We predict the conditions under which two oppositely charged membranes show a dynamic, attractive instability. Two layers with unequal charges of opposite sign can repel or be stable when in close proximity. However, dynamic charge density fluctuations can induce an attractive instability and thus facilitate fusion. We predict the dominant instability modes and time scales and show how these are controlled by the relative charge and membrane viscosities. These dynamic instabilities may be the precursors of membrane fusion in systems where artificial vesicles are engulfed by biological cells of opposite charge.
Video Encoding Scheme Employing Intra and Inter Prediction Based on Averaged Template Matching Predictors (2008)

In video compression, the information transmitted from the encoder to the decoder can be classified into two categories: side information, which carries action instructions to be performed, and data such as the residual error of the texture. As video compression technology has matured, better compression has been achieved by increasing the ratio of side information to data, while reducing the overall bit rate. However, there is a limit to this method because the side information becomes a significant fraction of the overall bit rate. In recent video compression technologies, the decoder tends to share the burden of the decision making in order to achieve a higher compression ratio. To further improve the coding efficiency, we tried to provide the decoder with a more active role in reducing the amount of data. According to this approach, by using reconstructed pixels that surround a target block to produce a better sample predictor of the target block, the amount of side information and the residual error of the texture are reduced. Furthermore, multiple candidates of the sample predictor are utilized to create a better sample predictor without increasing the amount of side information. In this paper, we employ a template matching method that makes the decoder more active. The template matching method is applied to the conventional video codec to improve the prediction performance of intra, inter, and bi-directional pictures in video. The results show that improvements in coding efficiency up to 5.8% are achieved.
An autopsied case of 45-year-old man with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. (1986)

45才,男性の典型的なHutchinson-Gilford progeria症候群を経験した.患者は,短身長,騎乗様肢位,外反股,全禿頭,小下顎,頭一顔の不均衡など,本症候群の特徴的身体的所見を認めた.動脈硬化性心疾患,高血圧によって難治性心不全,および両下肢の閉塞性動脈硬化症を合併していた.免疫学的,内分泌学的には,正常老年者にも認められるOKT4細胞の上昇,デヒドロエピアンドロステロン低下などが認められた.内科的治療にもかかわらず,急性心筋梗塞にて死亡し,剖検的には,全身性動脈硬化症,心筋梗塞巣,心膜,心弁膜の高度な石灰化を認めた.本症例は, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria症候群としては, 40才台の高令まで存命し得た極めてまれな症例である。
Eco-friendly biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers and evaluate its antibacterial, antioxidant potential (2016)

The present study reports an eco-friendly, rapid and easy method for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Tinospora cordifolia as a reducing and capping agent. The different factor such as silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration, fresh weight of T. cordifolia leaf, incubation time, and pH affecting silver reduction was investigated using Response surface methodology based Box–Behnken design (BBD). The optimum conditions were AgNO3 (1.25 mM), incubation time (15 h), Temperature (45 °C) and pH (4.5). T. cordifolia leaf extract can reduces silver ions into AgNPs within 30 min after heating the reaction mixture (60 °C) as indicated by the developed reddish brown color. The UV-Vis spectrum of AgNPs revealed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 430 nm. AgNPs were characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed their crystalline nature and their average size of nanoparticles was 30 nm as determined by using Scherrer's equation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy affirmed the role of T. cordifolia leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent of silver ions. Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) showed spherical shaped and confirming presence of elemental silver. The synthesized AgNPs was found higher antioxidant activity than plant extract by dot plot assay. In addition, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus sp. (NCBI-Accession: KC688883.1) and Klebsiella sp. (NCBI-Accession: KF649832.1), showed maximum zone of inhibition of 13 mm and 12.3 mm, respectively, at 10 μg/mL of AgNPs. From the results it is suggested that the synthesized AgNPs showed higher antioxidant and antibacterial activity than the plant extract, thus signification of the present study is the production of biomedical products.
The Effect of Growth Environment on the Morphological and Extended Defect Evolution in GaN Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1998)

The evolution of morphology and associated extended defects in GaN thin films grown on sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are shown to depend strongly on the growth environment. For the commonly used two-step growth process, a change in growth parameter such as reactor pressure influences the initial high temperature (HT) GaN growth mechanism. By means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) measurements, it is shown that the initial density of HT islands on the nucleation layer (NL) and subsequently the threading dislocation density in the HT GaN film may be directly controlled by tailoring the initial HT GaN growth conditions.
Boolean Decision Rules via Column Generation (2018)

This paper considers the learning of Boolean rules in either disjunctive normal form (DNF, OR-of-ANDs, equivalent to decision rule sets) or conjunctive normal form (CNF, AND-of-ORs) as an interpretable model for classification. An integer program is formulated to optimally trade classification accuracy for rule simplicity. Column generation (CG) is used to efficiently search over an exponential number of candidate clauses (conjunctions or disjunctions) without the need for heuristic rule mining. This approach also bounds the gap between the selected rule set and the best possible rule set on the training data. To handle large datasets, we propose an approximate CG algorithm using randomization. Compared to three recently proposed alternatives, the CG algorithm dominates the accuracy-simplicity trade-off in 7 out of 15 datasets. When maximized for accuracy, CG is competitive with rule learners designed for this purpose, sometimes finding significantly simpler solutions that are no less accurate.
Formation and Property of Yttrium and Yttrium Silicide Films as Low Schottcky Barrier material for n-Type Silicon (2008)

As the candidate for the low Schottky barrier material for n-type silicon, physical and electrical properties of yttrium and its silicide were investigated. In order to prevent both Si surface and easily-oxidized low work function metals from being oxidized, N2 sealed cleaning and transfer system and capping layer on low work function metals were employed. Fabricated Al/Y/p-type silicon Schottky barrier diode showed an excellent n-value. The extracted Schottky barrier height for electrons of yttrium silicide is as low as 0.3 eV. This result can be applied to form low contact resistivity silicide/n-type silicon contact, and contribute to lower the parasitic source drain series resistance of metal–oxide–semiconductor devices.
The medical school Web site: medical education's newest tool. (2000)

There are few technological advancements that have had as much impact on the dissemination of information as the Internet, and especially the worldwide web. It is not surprising then that this tool is also changing the way medicine is studied, taught and practiced today. This impressive infrastructure enables us to teach and study medicine in an entirely different way. The web provides medical students and physicians with access to continuing medical education, patient education services, telemedicine, and unparalleled communication between colleagues via email. The medical school web site may be used as a dynamic newspaper or bulletin board to disseminate information internally among the faculty as well as to the outside world. It can also be the vehicle for virtual learning modules that enhance the medical school core curriculum by including lectures, exercises, tests, etc. In addition, the web allows the student access to medical literature, medical software applications and medical resource depots. To date no work has been published on the medical school web site, its construction process, and its advantages, drawbacks and future. The purpose of this article is to examine the evolution of the web as a tool for medical schools, medical students and associated physicians. We discuss the building of a web site for a medical faculty, and look to the future.
Chip‐LC‐MS for label‐free profiling of human serum (2007)

The discovery of biomarkers in easily accessible body fluids such as serum is one of the most challenging topics in proteomics requiring highly efficient separation and detection methodologies. Here, we present the application of a microfluidics-based LC-MS system (chip-LC-MS) to the label-free profiling of immunodepleted, trypsin-digested serum in comparison to conventional capillary LC-MS (cap-LC-MS). Both systems proved to have a repeatability of approximately 20% RSD for peak area, all sample preparation steps included, while repeatability of the LC-MS part by itself was less than 10% RSD for the chip-LC-MS system. Importantly, the chip-LC-MS system had a two times higher resolution in the LC dimension and resulted in a lower average charge state of the tryptic peptide ions generated in the ESI interface when compared to cap-LC-MS while requiring approximately 30 times less (~5 pmol) sample. In order to characterize both systems for their capability to find discriminating peptides in trypsin-digested serum samples, five out of ten individually prepared, identical sera were spiked with horse heart cytochrome c. A comprehensive data processing methodology was applied including 2-D smoothing, resolution reduction, peak picking, time alignment, and matching of the individual peak lists to create an aligned peak matrix amenable for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis by supervised classification and variable selection showed that both LC-MS systems could discriminate the two sample groups. However, the chip-LC-MS system allowed to assign 55% of the overall signal to selected peaks against 32% for the cap-LC-MS system.
Learning Search Path for Region-level Image Matching (2019)

Finding a region of an image which matches to a query from a large number of candidates is a fundamental problem in image processing. The exhaustive nature of the sliding window approach has encouraged works that can reduce the run time by skipping unnecessary windows or pixels that do not play a substantial role in search results. However, such a pruning-based approach still needs to evaluate the non-ignorable number of candidates, which leads to a limited efficiency improvement. We propose an approach to learn efficient search paths from data. Our model is based on a CNN-LSTM architecture which is designed to sequentially determine a prospective location to be searched next based on the history of the locations attended. We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm to train the model in an end-to-end manner, which allows to jointly learn the search paths and deep image features for matching. These properties together significantly reduce the number of windows to be evaluated and makes it robust to background clutters. Our model gives remarkable matching accuracy with the reduced number of windows and run time on MNIST and FlickrLogos-32 datasets.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Wet-Air Oxidation of Nuclear-Fuel-Chelating Compounds (2001)

In this paper, we examine the wet-air oxidation (WAO) of four nuclear-fuel-chelating compounds [diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA)]. The study focuses on the kinetics and mechanism of the degradation process. Identification of the free-radical intermediates was performed via the spin-trapping technique. The reaction of each compound studied was found to occur in two steps, with a partial order of one with respect to TOC for both steps. Among the compounds studied, TTA shows the most difficulty when degrading. Hydroxyl, hydroxycarbonyl, and nitrogenous radicals are some of those formed during the degradation process. Schematic reaction pathways, which can explain the formation of some mineral byproducts, are proposed on the basis of these radicals.
Measurement of inclusive jet and dijet cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A bstract Inclusive jet and dijet cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measurement uses a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb −1 recorded in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Jets are identified using the anti- k t algorithm with a radius parameter value of R = 0 . 4. The inclusive jet cross-sections are measured double-differentially as a function of the jet transverse momentum, covering the range from 100 GeV to 3.5 TeV, and the absolute jet rapidity up to | y | = 3. The double-differential dijet production cross-sections are presented as a function of the dijet mass, covering the range from 300 GeV to 9 TeV, and the half absolute rapidity separation between the two leading jets within | y | &lt; 3, y ∗ , up to y ∗ = 3. Next-to-leading-order, and next-to-next-to-leading-order for the inclusive jet measurement, perturbative QCD calculations corrected for non-perturbative and electroweak effects are compared to the measured cross-sections.