gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3416: Incremental Diagnostic Utility of Contrast-Enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) vs Contrast Echocardiography for Detection of Left Ventricular Thrombus: Morphologic Predictors of Improved Thrombus Detection by CE-MRI in Patients with Systolic Dysfunction (2007)

Background Accurate detection of left ventricular thrombus (LVT) affects clinical management of at risk pts. CE-MRI identifies LVT based on tissue characteristics and has been validated as a highly sensitive technique that improves LVT detection vs non-contrast echo. However prior comparative studies were performed without echo contrast agents, which can improve echo LVT detection. We studied diagnostic performance of contrast (C-ECHO) and non-contrast echo (NC-ECHO) vs a reference of CE-MRI for LVT detection. Methods We prospectively enrolled pts with ejection fraction (EF) &lt;50% referred for CE-MRI (1.5 T) to evaluate for LVT. NC-ECHO and C-ECHO (Definity; perflutren lipid microspheres) were performed within 7 (mean 1.2 ± 1.6) days of CE-MRI. Studies were interpreted blinded to results of the other modality. LVT were scored for location, volume and type (mural or intracavitary). EF was measured by cine-MRI planimetry. Cine and CE-MRI were scored via a 17 segment model to quantify wall motion and scar. Results 80 pts were studied (age 63 ± 13, 90% CAD, NYHA 2.4 ± 0.7). CE-MRI identified LVT in 25 pts (31%). 84% of LVT were apically located; 32% were mural. All LVT were adjacent to myocardial scar. Pts with LVT by CE-MRI had larger transmural scar size (25 vs 16% of LV segments; p = 0.01) but similar EF (30 vs 33%; p = 0.4) and wall motion score index (2.3 vs 2.1; p = 0.4) to those without LVT. C-ECHO had nearly 2 fold higher diagnostic sensitivity (p = 0.02) and improved accuracy (p = 0.02) vs NC-ECHO (table ). However, C-ECHO did not detect 32% of LVT identified by CE-MRI. LVT missed by C-ECHO were more likely to be mural (p &lt; 0.01). Apically located LVT were more likely to be missed when small (0.9 vs 4.1 cm3; p = 0.01) while detection of non-apical LVT was independent of size. Conclusions While echo contrast improves diagnostic performance for LVT, a substantial number of LVT identified by CE-MRI are not detected by C-ECHO. LVT missed by C-ECHO are typically mural in shape or, if apical, small in volume. Left Ventricular Thrombus Detected by CE-MRI (n = 25)
Two-mode semiconductor laser for mm-wave in radio over fiber transmission (2010)

In this investigation, an mm-wave RoF transmission link with dual beat-mode optical source is investigated. We demonstrate a 170 GHz band millimeter-wave source using an external dual-mode-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) with a 1.38 nm mode-spacing. Two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are used to inject the corresponding modes of FP-LD to generate dual-beat-mode output. The proposed dual-mode laser is not only stable, but also has single-longitudinal- mode (SLM) output characteristics. Moreover, we also investigate the relationship between two external-injected wavelengths for the dual-wavelength output.
Multicenter clinical experience with an atrial lead designed to minimize far-field R-wave sensing (2009)

The OptiSense lead reduced ventricular far-field sensing in the atrium while maintaining satisfactory pacing and sensing performance, resulting in less inappropriate mode switch.
Antifungal Prophylaxis Is Effective against Murine Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (2006)

Antifungal prophylaxis for patients at high risk for aspergillosis is appealing due to the high morbidity and mortality of aspergillosis despite antifungal therapy ([1][1]-[3][2]). While voriconazole is a logical option, reports of breakthrough mucormycosis are a cause for concern ([5][3]). To
Photophysical and Phototoxic Properties of the Antibacterial Fluoroquinolones Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin (2004)

Two antibacterial fluoroquinolones, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, were investigated to evaluate their photophysical properties and to explore the mechanism of their phototoxicity. Photophysical experiments were carried out in aqueous solution by stationary and time-resolved fluorimetry, and by laser flash photolysis, to obtain information on the various decay pathways of the excited states of the drugs and on transient species formed upon irradiation. The results obtained show that levofloxacin is able to photosensitize red blood cell lysis in an oxygen-independent way and induce a high decrease in cell viability after UVA irradiation, although to a lesser degree than the racemic mixture ofloxacin. Moxifloxacin, which is an 8-MeO-substituted fluoroquinolone, is less phototoxic than the other compounds. Cellular phototoxicity was inhibited by the addition of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and free radical and hydroxyl radical scavengers (BHA, GSH, mannitol, and DMTU), indicating the involvement of superoxide anion and/or a radical mechanism in their cytotoxicity. A good correlation was observed between lipid peroxidation, protein photodamage, and cellular phototoxicity, indicating that test compounds exert their toxic effects mainly in the cellular membrane. Experiments carried out on pBR322 DNA show that these derivatives do not significantly photocleave DNA directly, but single-strand breaks were evidenced after treatment of photosensitized DNA by two base-excision-repair enzymes, and Endo III.
An Electron Spin Resonance Study on the Phase Transition of the Molecular Assembly Comprising Cetyltrimethylammonium Chloride/Cetyl Alcohol/Water (2000)

The phase transition process of a molecular assembly comprising cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (C16CA), cetyl alcohol (C16OH), and water was elucidated on the basis of electron spin resonance (ESR) spin probe method. ESR spectra for the ternary assembly incorporated with 5- and 16-doxylstearic acids (5-NS, 16-NS) showed definite anisotropic patterns, indicating restricted molecular motions in the bilayers. The order parameter, S33, and the hyperfine splitting constant AN‘ were higher in the 5-NS system than in the 16-NS. These findings suggest more marked restriction of molecular motions near the hydrophilic group in the bilayers and relatively free molecular motions toward the alkyl terminal. S33 and AN‘ for the 16-NS system were constant on aging, indicating invariance of the molecular motion and the degree of polarity near the terminal of alkyl group. A slight change of S33 for the 5-NS system was observed after aging for a few days. An empirical P parameter, a ratio of a fluid-like bilayer component to a gel-like one, however, decreased after 3 days. Furthermore, AN‘ for the 5-NS system started to increase after 3 days. These suggest the phase transition of the assembly is associated with the change in the association state near the hydrophilic group in bilayers. When the penetrated water increases beyond a critical level, vesicles as closed bilayers no longer change into open lamellae.
Minimal model assessment of hepatic insulin extraction during an oral test from standard insulin kinetic parameters (2009)

In this article, a first aim was to develop a minimal modeling approach to noninvasively assess hepatic insulin extraction in 204 healthy subjects studied with a standard meal by coupling the already available meal C-peptide minimal model with a new insulin model. The ingredients of this model are posthepatic IDR, which in turn is described in terms of pancreatic ISR and hepatic insulin extraction HE, and a linear monocompartmental model of insulin kinetics. Even if ISR is provided by the C-peptide minimal model, the simultaneous assessment of HE and insulin kinetics is critical, since compensations may arise between parameters describing these two processes. Therefore, as a second aim of this study, a method was developed to predict standard values of insulin kinetic parameters in an individual on the basis of the individual's anthropometric characteristics. The statistical analysis, based on linear regression of insulin kinetic parameters estimated from IM-IVGTT data performed on the same subjects, demonstrated that insulin kinetic parameters can be accurately predicted from age and body surface area. Once kinetic parameters of the new insulin model were fixed to these values, HE profile and indexes during a meal were reliably estimated in each individual, indicating a significant suppression during the meal since the overall index of HE, equal to 60 +/- 1% in the basal state, is reduced to 40 +/- 1% during a meal. However, standard parameters provide an approximation of the individual one; thus, the third aim was to define the impact on estimated indexes of using standard instead of individually estimated values. Our results showed that the 25% uncertainty affecting as an average insulin kinetic parameters of an individual, when they are predicted from age and body surface area, translates into a similar relative uncertainty in the individual's hepatic insulin extraction indexes.
Plastid RNA Polymerases in Higher Plants (2006)

Plastids evolved from ancestral cyanobacteria through gradual conversion of an endosymbiont to a plant organelle. Plastids maintained a cyanobacterium-like (eubacterial) transcription machinery. The eubacterial core-enzyme consists of four plastid-encoded subunits (α2, β β′ and β″), and may associate with multiple, nuclear-encoded σ70-type specificity factors. This holo-enzyme is the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP). The promoters recognized by the PEP are of σ70-type with conserved −10 (TATAAT) and −35 (TTGACA) elements. In addition, species-specific cis-elements and trans-factors regulate psbA, psbD and rrn16 promoter activity. The PEP in chloroplasts associates with up to eight auxiliary proteins. One of them is the plastid transcription kinase (PTK), an enzyme which regulates PEP transcription by σ factor phosphorylation. PTK activity itself is regulated by phosphorylation and the redox state of plastids. In addition to the eubacterial enzyme, plastids have acquired a second, phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP, nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase). NEP probably evolved by duplication of the mitochondrial transcription machinery. A nuclear gene encodes the NEP catalytic core with a plastid targeting N-terminal sequence. The NEP subunit composition is likely to be similar to the mitochondrial enzyme, which associates with at least two specificity factors. NEP recognizes two distinct promoters. Type-I NEP promoters are ∼15 nt AT-rich region upstream (−14 to +1) of the transcription initiation site (+1) with a conserved YRTA core, a feature shared with plant mitochondrial promoters. Type-II NEP promoters are mainly downstream (−5 to +25) of the transcription initiation site. There is a division of labor between the two plastid RNA polymerases. Photosynthetic genes and operons have PEP promoters, whereas most non-photosynthetic genes involved in housekeeping functions, such as transcription and translation, have promoters for both RNA polymerases. The NEP promoter(s) of these genes are, with a few exceptions, silent in chloroplasts. Only a few genes are transcribed exclusively from a NEP promoter. One of these is the rpoB operon encoding three of the four PEP core subunits. Through transcription of the PEP genes by the NEP the nucleus indirectly controls transcription of plastid genes, there by integrating the endosymbiont-turned-organelle into the developmental network of multicellular plants.
Using semidirect product of (semi)groups in public key cryptography (2016)

In this survey, we describe a general key exchange protocol based on semidirect product of (semi)groups (more specifically, on extensions of (semi)groups by automorphisms), and then focus on practical instances of this general idea. This protocol can be based on any group or semigroup, in particular on any non-commutative group. One of its special cases is the standard Diffie-Hellman protocol, which is based on a cyclic group. However, when this protocol is used with a non-commutative (semi)group, it acquires several useful features that make it compare favorably to the Diffie-Hellman protocol. The focus then shifts to selecting an optimal platform (semi)group, in terms of security and efficiency. We show, in particular, that one can get a variety of new security assumptions by varying an automorphism used for a (semi)group extension.
A Long-Range Scanning state design (The LORS project) (1996)

This extended abstract describes a magnetically-suspended six-degree-of-freedom precision motion control stage which is presently being built in the Precision Engineering Laboratory at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. This Long-Range Scanning (LORS) stage will have travel in the horizontal plane of 25 mm{sup 2} along with 100 {mu}m of vertical travel. Vertical position feedback will be provided by three capacitance probe sensors while heterodyne laser interferometry will be used for lateral position feedback. The stage is to have a positioning resolution of 0.1 nm, positioning repeatability of 1 nm, and a positioning accuracy of 10 nm. These performance objectives have been chosen to match the measurement requirements associated with present and future production needs for devices such as integrated circuits, photo-masks, and micromechanical actuators.
Effect of nonlinear frequency dependence of seabottom sound attenuation on low-frequency acoustic response in shallow water (1986)

In recent years several papers have been written on the existence and nature of the so-called “optimum frequency” (Fopt) for acoustic propagation in shallow water. These papers characterize the effects of various basic physical and environmental parameters that influence Fopt (such as water depth, sound velocity profile, sediment type, the depth and separation of the source-receiver pair, sediment sound-speed gradient, shear wave couple loss, etc.), but do not consider the frequency and the depth dependence of seabottom sound attenuation. In this paper, some experimental data on low-frequency response (30–2000 Hz) in shallow water are presented. The interesting result is that over the frequency range where Fopt should occur according to the existing theories, no apparent optimum frequency is observed. In order to explain these experimental results, this paper uses a normal mode computer program to examine the frequency dependence of sound propagation for various canonical models of seabottom structure in shallow-water regions (including thin top surface transition layer with strong positive sound-speed gradient of 1000 s−1 and negative attenuation gradient) allowing for the possibility that attenuation in the sediments may have a nonlinear frequency dependence. The results show that the experimental low-frequency responses, including the disappearance of the optimum frequency, are consistent with the earlier results of J. X. Zhou [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78, 1003–1009 (1985)], i.e., that bottom attenuation in the low-frequency range has frequency power law of fn, with values of n ranging from 1.5 to 2.0, although the results could also be explained to some degree by a seabed top transition layer.
Parametric face modeling and affect synthesis (2003)

In this paper, we present a fast algorithm for automatically generating a 3D model of a human face and synthesizing affects on it. This work is a step towards low bandwidth virtual tele-presence using avatars. The idea is to generate a 3D model of a person's face and animate different emotions on the face at a remote observer's end, thus eliminating the need to send raw video. This research is part of a larger project, which deals with development of novel sensory systems and interfaces to enhance safety of a driver. The proposed algorithm uses a stereo pair of images of a driver's face and creates a 3D mesh model by deforming and texture mapping a predefined 3D mesh.
Daoxuan(道宣)’s Thought of “Gantong(感通)” Shown in His Narratives on Huida(慧達)’s Life (2019)

석혜달(釋慧達)은 4-5세기에 활동하며 생애와 행적에 따라 다양한 일화를 남겼는데, 그에 대해서는 불교사와 불교문화 및 민간신앙과 설화에 이르기까지 여러 형태의 기록이 전한다. 특히 혜달에 관한 주요한 기록의 상당수는 당 도선(道宣, 596-667)의 찬술 속에 남아 있다. 도선은 스스로 혜달에 대한 깊은 관심을 가지고 능동적으로 조사하고 자료를 모아, 자신의 주요 저작인 『속고승전』, 『집신주삼보감통록』, 『도선율사감통록』 등에 이전 기록에서는 볼 수 없던 풍부한 내용의 혜달 서사를 이루었다.BR 특히 도선은 혜달의 출가 이후부터 말년까지의 활약과 입적 후의 영향력에 대해 크게 주목하였다. 이를 통해 혜달이 아육왕탑의 유적과 유물을 직접 탐방하고 발굴하였으며, 서상의 출현으로 나라의 길흉을 예언하였고, 입적 후에도 북방 이민족을 교화하는 등 여러 방식으로 불법을 실현했던 인물이었음을 드러냈다. 도선은 이민족 출신의 혜달이 불교에 귀의했을 뿐 아니라, 지극한 정성과 신앙으로 스스로도 발전하여 다시 많은 대중을 교화하며 감통을 실현한 상징적인 인물로 본 것이다.BR 혜달에 대한 도선의 관심과 적극적인 태도는 율학을 연구하고 계율을 중시했던 철저한 불교주의자로서의 도선이 자신의 의식을 구체적으로 드러낸 것이라고 할 수 있다. 도선은 삼보(三寶)를 공경하며 불법을 신실하게 따를 때 나타나는 감통(感通)을 통해서 불교의 우수성을 선양하고 호법(護法)적 입장을 표명하였기 때문이다. 그러므로 그는 삼보에 대한 불보살의 감통담에 주목하였고, 이것이 불교를 수호하고 불교적 삶을 널리 알리고자 했던 자신의 이론적·실천적 태도를 드러낼 수 있는 주요한 관념이라고 여겼다. 감통을 구체적으로 실현한 혜달의 행적은 도선의 감통관을 따라 그의 저작 속에서 풍부한 전기적 기록과 종합적인 혜달 서사를 이루었다고 할 수 있다.BR 한편 도선이 이처럼 자신의 감통관을 통해 호법적 태도와 홍법을 실천했던 것은 도교를 우위에 둔 당 태종의 불교정책을 경험하며 느꼈던 어려움에서 비롯되었다고 할 수 있다. 즉 불교가 배척당했던 시대적 배경 속에서 도선은 자신의 감통관을 통해 불교를 수호하고, 그 가르침을 널리 알리고자 한 것이다.
Metallothionein function and genetic regulation in yeast (1986)

Copper resistance in yeast is mediated by the CUP1 locus which codes for yeast metallothionein (MT). A genetic approach was taken to study yeast MT gene regulation and to test the function of MT in the detoxification of metal ions other than copper. A yeast strain was constructed (cup1/sup ..delta../) in which the MT structural and regulatory sequences were deleted. The deleted gene was then replaced with the following genetically modified forms of MT on high copy episomal plasmid (YE/sup p/ 13): 1) the intact yeast gene with normal structural and regulatory sequences; 2) a constitutively expressed yeast promoter (TDH) running the yeast MT structural gene. Metal resistance in the cup1/sup ..delta../ strain and the cup1/sup ..delta../ strain transformed with the MT plasmid constructions was compared on metal-supplemented agar plates. Both of the high copy MT plasmids conferred in excess of 500-fold greater copper resistance to the cup1/sup ..delta../ strain. Increased cadmium resistance was not observed in any of the strains that had MT under normal regulatory control. However, the strain with constitutively expressed MT was in excess of 1000-fold more resistant to cadmium. Neither of the MT constructions conferred resistance to Hg,Zn,Co,Ni,Ag,Au,Pt,La,U or Sn. MT gene induction measured bymore » the analysis of MT mRNA on northern blots showed that the yeast MT promoter is not induced by Cd, Zn, Au, Hg, Ag, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, steroid hormones or heat shock.« less
Neural Belief-Propagation Decoders for Quantum Error-Correcting Codes (2019)

Belief-propagation (BP) decoders play a vital role in modern coding theory, but they are not suitable to decode quantum error-correcting codes because of a unique quantum feature called error degeneracy. Inspired by an exact mapping between BP and deep neural networks, we train neural BP decoders for quantum low-density parity-check codes with a loss function tailored to error degeneracy. Training substantially improves the performance of BP decoders for all families of codes we tested and may solve the degeneracy problem which plagues the decoding of quantum low-density parity-check codes.
[A trial use of lenses of human placental collagen in epikeratoplasty procedures]. (1988)

Epikeratoplasty is a refractive surgery procedure described by Werblin and Kaufman which is simple, effective and reversible. However its development is hampered by the need of human corneas. We evaluated this procedure in rabbits and monkeys using lenticules of human collagen. The collagen is obtained from frozen human placentas, washed and subjected to pepsin digestion; it is contained in the supernatant of centrifugation and can be isolated by a physico-chemical treatment. 15 days after surgery the lenses of 14 rabbits were completely covered with a layer of epithelial cells. 6 months after surgery, the eyes of 14 monkeys were quiet and the lenses were covered with an epithelium made up of 2 to 5 layers of cells. The lens exhibited no inflammatory infiltration and there was no inflammatory reaction around the lens. These studies are still preliminary and longer term tests are necessary. These initial results are very encouraging, prompting us to develop the use of this type of material in refractive surgery.
IGBT SPICE macro model (2003)

The complete SPICE macro model of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is described. With a special computer program, the complete macro model of the IGBT for the SPICE simulator has been computed. After the resistive and the dynamic SPICE macro models have been developed and compared with the data sheets, the complete SPICE macro model was simulated and verified with experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mel-Spectrographic Mask Estimation for Missing Data Speech Recognition using Short-Time-Fourier-Transform Ratio Estimators (2007)

This paper adopts the framework of DUET, a recently proposed blind source separation (BSS) method, for speech recognition. Based on the attenuation and delay estimation in stereo signals spectrographic masks are designed to extract a target speaker from a mixture containing multiple speech sources. Instead of using these masks for resynthesis we avoid source reconstruction and propose to combine the source separation with a missing data speech recognizer. The obtained results for connected digit experiments in a multi-speaker environment demonstrate the validity of the approach.
Evidence for chemoreceptors with bimodular ligand-binding regions harboring two signal-binding sites (2012)

Chemoreceptor-based signaling is a central mechanism in bacterial signal transduction. Receptors are classified according to the size of their ligand-binding region. The well-studied cluster I proteins have a 100- to 150-residue ligand-binding region that contains a single site for chemoattractant recognition. Cluster II receptors, which contain a 220- to 300-residue ligand-binding region and which are almost as abundant as cluster I receptors, remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we report high-resolution structures of the ligand-binding region of the cluster II McpS chemotaxis receptor (McpS-LBR) of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 in complex with different chemoattractants. The structure of McpS-LBR represents a small-molecule binding domain composed of two modules, each able to bind different signal molecules. Malate and succinate were found to bind to the membrane-proximal module, whereas acetate binds to the membrane-distal module. A structural alignment of the two modules revealed that the ligand-binding sites could be superimposed and that amino acids involved in ligand recognition are conserved in both binding sites. Ligand binding to both modules was shown to trigger chemotactic responses. Further analysis showed that McpS-like receptors were found in different classes of proteobacteria, indicating that this mode of response to different carbon sources may be universally distributed. The physiological relevance of the McpS architecture may lie in its capacity to respond with high sensitivity to the preferred carbon sources malate and succinate and, at the same time, mediate lower sensitivity responses to the less preferred but very abundant carbon source acetate.
2′-5′-Oligoadenylate Synthetase-Like Protein Inhibits Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication and Is Targeted by the Viral Nonstructural Protein 1 (2015)

2'-5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein (OASL) is an interferon-inducible antiviral protein. Here we describe differential inhibitory activities of human OASL and the two mouse OASL homologs against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication. Interestingly, nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of RSV promoted proteasome-dependent degradation of specific OASL isoforms. We conclude that OASL acts as a cellular antiviral protein and that RSV NS1 suppresses this function to evade cellular innate immunity and allow virus growth.