gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next generation typeface representations (2010)

Outline font technology has long been established as the standard way to represent typefaces, allowing characters to be represented independently of print size and resolution. Although outline font technologies are mature and produce results of sufficient quality for professional printing applications, they are inherently inflexible, which presents limitations in a number of document engineering applications. In the 1990s, the topic of finding a successor to outline fonts was a hot topic of research. Unfortunately, none of the methods developed at the time were successful in replacing outline font technology and this field of research has since then declined sharply in popularity.
Optical Interferometer Microscope for Monitoring and Control of Focused Ion Beam Processes. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
3.88% Efficient Tin Sulfide Solar Cells using Congruent Thermal Evaporation (2014)

Tin sulfide (SnS), as a promising absorber material in thin-film photovoltaic devices, is described. Here, it is confirmed that SnS evaporates congruently, which provides facile composition control akin to cadmium telluride. A SnS heterojunction solar cell is demons trated, which has a power conversion efficiency of 3.88% (certified), and an empirical loss analysis is presented to guide further performance improvements.
Posterior bone block procedure for posterior shoulder instability (2007)

The posterior bone block procedure is an uncommon surgical procedure used in the treatment of posterior shoulder instability. The purpose of this study is to report the results of the posterior bone block procedure in the treatment of posterior shoulder instability. We retrospectively reviewed 21 shoulders that had undergone a posterior bone block procedure in the treatment of recurrent posterior shoulder instability between 1984 and 2001. Fifteen patients (16 shoulders) had a prior traumatic posterior glenohumeral dislocation and 5 patients (5 shoulders) had a prior traumatic posterior glenohumeral subluxation. The mean age at surgery was 24.8 years (range 17-40 years). Patients were evaluated with the Constant score, the Duplay score, a subjective result, and radiography. Preoperatively, ten shoulders had glenoid fractures, two shoulders had loss of the normal contour of the posterior osseous glenoid, and ten shoulders had humeral head impaction fractures (reverse Hill-Sachs lesion). Seventeen shoulders underwent preoperative computed tomography and had average glenoid retroversion of 9.6 degrees (range 0-21 degrees ). At an average follow-up of 6 years, all patients reported their subjective results as good or excellent. At follow-up the mean Constant score was 93.3 points (range 80-103 points), and the mean Duplay score was 85.6 points (range 40-100 points). Fifteen patients returned to sports at their pre-injury level. Three patients were considered clinical failures; one with a recurrent posterior dislocation and two with substantial posterior apprehension on follow-up examination. Two shoulders had glenohumeral arthritis on radiographs at the latest follow-up. The posterior bone block is a good treatment option for posterior dislocation. The risk of recurrent dislocation is low following this procedure.
Deinking of Thermal Inkjet Newsprint (2012)

The advantages of digital printing are emerging into commercial printing. Deinking of inkjet prints is important because they will become a sizable portion of the waste stream. Thermal inkjet ink dispersions are water-based and under certain chemical environments can remain suspended in the process water during flotation, potentially causing discoloration in a closed-loop water system during deinking [1]. Newsprint has not been a major inkjet printing category for digital commercial inkjet prints but the recycling industry has expressed concern about the deinkability of this combination. Also, while newsprint is rarely used in the office, the advent of the commercial inkjet web press will see increasing interest in the recyclability of inkjet on newsprint media, since it provides the option for deployment of newsprint media for short-life (non-archival) printing. When inkjet inks are printed on newsprint, made from wood-containing pulp with lignin, which is then included in the papermaking furnish, the problem of process water darkening can be exacerbated under some chemical conditions. Ideally, the individual sub-micron pigments and molecular dyes in inkjet ink dispersions should be collected to form larger particles of the appropriate size and also made hydrophobic for efficient flotation.In this paper, we show that inkjet-printed newsprint can be satisfactorily deinked via chemistry based on our near-neutral HPES deinking chemistry, described previously [2]. Two kinds of chemicals are used; the &#x201C;E&#x201D; in HPES is ethoxylated fatty alcohol, which interacts with the ink and fibers, separates them and prevents the ink from reattaching, while aggregating small ink particles into larger ones. The &#x201C;S&#x201D; in HPES is a small amount of an ionic surfactant added into the flotation cell, which facilitates the creation of bubbles which carry particles to the top where they can be skimmed off with the froth, leaving the clean pulp fibers to be recovered. We studied the effect of pH, collecting and clarifying agents, water hardness, chemical loading, and bleaching chemistry on filtrate darkening. In particular, we have found that the color shade and brightness of the deinked pulp and the process water can be significantly enhanced with the addition of a suitable collector or flocculating agent, in this case aluminum sulfate.
Remarkable advances in SiC power device technology for ultra high power systems (2013)

This paper reports our recent results on high voltage and large current SiC power devices and power modules for high power applications. A railcar traction inverter system equipped with 1200A/1700V SiC hybrid modules exhibits great advantages in size, weight and power consumption compared to a conventional Si inverter system. Reliability of SiC-MOSFETs and characteristics of large current 1200V and 3300V SiC-MOSFETs are also presented and discussed.
Lymphoepithelial Interactions Trigger Specific Regulation of Gene Expression in the M Cell-Containing Follicle-Associated Epithelium of Peyer’s Patches (2002)

In the intestine, the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) of Peyer's patches (PP) performs Ag sampling as the first step in developing immune responses. Depending on the species, this epithelium contains 10-50% of M cells, which act as regulated gates in epithelial barriers that can be used opportunistically by pathogens to invade their host. However, the mechanisms involved in the differentiation and uptake processes of M cells are not known, in part because their limited number in the intestinal mucosa has hampered molecular and biochemical studies. In this work we provide evidence that PP lymphocytes can themselves modulate gene expression in PP in vivo and in an in vitro model of FAE. Transgenic mice carrying a reporter gene under the control of a modified L-pyruvate kinase promoter (SVPK) exhibit strong transgene expression in PP and FAE, but not in the adjacent villous cells. We used the mouse intestinal epithelial cell line m-IC(cl2) transfected with the SVPK promoter fused to beta-galactosidase to investigate the direct effect of PP lymphocytes on SVPK promoter activity. beta-Galactosidase expression was 4.4-fold higher in transfected m-IC(cl2) cells when they were cultured with PP lymphocytes. Conversely, green fluorescent protein expression was 1.8-fold lower in stably transfected differentiated intestinal Caco-2(cl1) cells with the sucrase isomaltase promoter fused to green fluorescent protein cDNA when they were cultured with PP lymphocytes, indicating that the in vivo FAE down-regulation of sucrase isomaltase promoter is transcriptionally regulated.
Impedance analysis of infrared folded dipole antennas (2015)

The impedances of infrared folded dipole antennas are investigated by a numerical near-field analysis technique for extraction of unknown impedance loading infrared transmission line. With additional folds, the impedance of folded dipole antenna could be increased. Different materials of the folded dipole antennas have also been investigated.
Achieving Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications: Challenges and Envisioned System Enhancements (2018)

URLLC have the potential to enable a new range of applications and services: from wireless control and automation in industrial environments to self-driving vehicles. 5G wireless systems are faced by different challenges for supporting URLLC. Some of the challenges, particularly in the downlink direction, are related to the reliability requirements for both data and control channels, the need for accurate and flexible link adaptation, reducing the processing time of data retransmissions, and the multiplexing of URLLC with other services. This article considers these challenges and proposes state-of-the-art solutions covering different aspects of the radio interface. In addition, system-level simulation results are presented, showing how the proposed techniques can work in harmony in order to fulfill the ambitious latency and reliability requirements of upcoming URLLC applications.
Color AfterImages Determined in Non-Cardinal Color Axes (2018)

INTRODUCTION: Complementary color afterimages appear after the removal of a bright stimulus from the visual field. Using a time-varying paradigm, Zaidi et al (Current Biology, 2012) found that adaptation within retinal ganglion cells may be sufficient to account for the appearance of color afterimages for stimuli modulating along the cardinal color axes of l (L/(L+M)) or s (S/(L+M)). The current study modulated stimuli along non-cardinal diagonal axes in MacLeod & Boynton cone chromaticity space to evaluate whether adaptation within higher order mechanisms contributes to color afterimages. METHODS: Subjects (3 males and 3 females) were presented stimuli consisting of two hemidisks subtending 3.6° on an equal energy white (EEW) background (20 cd/m2). The colors of the hemidisks were modulated complementarily by sinusoidal half-cycles (1/32 Hz) along one of five axes: (1) L+M+S, (2) l, (3) s, and two non-cardinal axes that modulated l and s simultaneously with the same contrasts as those modulations along the cardinal axes. The task of the observers was to indicate the time at which the two semicircles appeared the same shade of gray (identity point) using a face clock. For each axis, we tested four contrasts (L+M+S: 12.5%-50%; l: 2.9%-6.5%; s: 35%-80%). RESULTS: The time to reach the identity point increased linearly with stimulus contrast for all axes. The identity point was reached faster for stimuli along s-axis than for the non-cardinal axes under the same s-contrasts, whereas no difference was found between the non-cardinal and the l axes under the same l contrast. CONCLUSIONS. The time-varying afterimage for stimuli modulated along the non-cardinal color axes was determined by the cardinal mechanism with slower adaptation. This evidence indicates that adaptation within retinal ganglion cells is sufficient to account for the dynamics of color afterimages. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
ChemInform Abstract: Some Recent Developments in the Use of Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reactions in Organic Synthesis (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In situ ichthyoplankton imaging system (ISIIS): system design and preliminary results (2008)

Over the last two decades, there has been an accelerating advancement of acoustic and optical plankton samplers, opening many opportunities for fine‐scale studies of plankton distribution. To date, however, the imaging systems have been limited in the volume of water being sampled, thereby restricting their utility to quantifying highly abundant, small zooplankton like copepods, but not relatively rarer, larger ichthyo‐ and other meso‐zooplankton (e.g., larval decapods, salps, pteropods, ctenophores, etc.). Here we describe an imaging system, In situ ichthyoplankton imaging system ( I SIIS), that is capable of In situ (i.e., noninvasive) sampling of sufficiently large volumes of water at very high resolution, allowing quantitative measurement of these rare plankton, while at the same time also recording the smaller more abundant taxa. Capitalizing on state‐of‐the‐art digital line scan cameras and high‐throughput computer data transfer and storage, combined with shadow photographic lighting techniques, we have designed and built a towed system capable of imaging at 68‐micron pixel resolution, yet with up to a 20‐cm depth of field (with a 14‐cm field of view). This system is coupled with various environmental sensors (e.g., CTD, fluorometer), enabling the evaluation of fine‐scale, taxon‐specific distributions in relation to environmental conditions. Field testing demonstrated high‐resolution imagery of plankters, while quantitatively imaging &gt;70 L s −1 continuously for a 78‐min trial.
Abstract 290: Lpp3 Deficiency Impairs Mitochondrial Function And Enhances Myocardial Lpa Mediated Signaling (2019)

The bioactive lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) plays a well-known role in atherosclerotic disease, whereas, its role in myocardial function remains virtually unexplored. Following acute myocardial infarction, serum LPA concentration rises by six-fold over control human subjects, suggesting LPA may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. LPA production involves hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine by the secreted enzyme autotaxin, whereas lipid phosphate phosphatase-3 (LPP3) catalyzes LPA dephosphorylation to generate lipid products that are not receptor active. We present the first evidence that cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury enhances myocardial autotaxin levels and decreases myocardial LPP3 expression, and this is associated with increased serum LPA levels. Upon reperfusion, reactive oxygen species production arises as a burst of superoxide from mitochondria following I/R injury. The redox-sensitive transcription factor NFAT has been shown to bind to the autotaxin promoter and induce its expression. Therefore, we looked at the autotaxin and LPP3 regulation in mice following I/R injury in the myocardium. After 1h ligation followed by 3h reperfusion in the myocardium, we observed a 3-fold increase in the autotaxin protein levels, whereas LPP3 protein levels were significantly downregulated as observed through Western blot analysis in these myocardial ischemic tissues. Autotaxin and miR-92a mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated, whereas KLF2 and LPP3 mRNA expressions were significantly downregulated following I/R injury at 24 hours. Western blot analysis showed a 3-fold increase autotaxin protein levels and immunohistochemistry of human infarct tissues at 24 hours showed disruption of the sarcomere with decreased LPP3 staining. We found that I/R injury transactivates miR-92a, and inhibit KLF2, an upstream activator of LPP3. Taken together, us in vivo data, from the myocardial I/R injury and human infarct tissues, suggest that regulation of autotaxin and LPP3 activity might cause the rise in serum LPA levels as reported with acute myocardial infarct patients
Effect of Compatibility between Fluxes and Cyanate Ester Underfill on Lead Free Flip Chip Assembly and Reliability (2006)

The quality and reliability of flip-chip assembly is severely impacted by the compatibility between various materials used in the package. Currently, no-clean fluxes are widely used for the assembly of flip chips. Poor compatibility between the flux residue and the underfill can lead to the formation of voids, and consequently, reliability problems. Therefore, a major concern for flip-chip assembly is the compatibility between the flux residues and the underfill. The principal objective of this research was to develop a flux for lead-free packaging, which would be compatible with high performance moisture resistant cyanate ester-based underfills. During this study, commercially available fluxes, along with tailor made epoxy-based flux, were tested for their compatibility with the underfill. The results indicated that the assembly process window for the rosin-based fluxes was much wider than the epoxy-based fluxes. Synthetic flux had poor soldering performance and relatively poor compatibility with the cyanate ester underfill than rosin-based flux. Epoxy flux exhibited narrow process window and the soldering performance was sensitive to flux thickness, reflow profile, substrate pad surface finish and topography. For smaller packages with die size of 10 mm by 10 mm, the compatibility between the cyanate ester underfill and the different fluxes was comparable. However, for the packages with die size of 22 mm by 22 mm, the compatibility between the epoxy-based flux and the cyanate ester underfill was relatively better than that with the other two flux chemistries.
Robust homing with stereovision (2018)

Visual Homing is a bioinspired approach to robot navigation which can be fast and uses few assumptions. However, visual homing in a cluttered and unstructured outdoor environment offers several challenges to homing methods that have been developed for primarily indoor environments. One issue is that any current image during homing may be tilted with respect to the home image. The second is that moving through a cluttered scene during homing may cause obstacles to interfere between the home scene and location and the current scene and location. In this paper, we introduce a robust method to improve a previous developed Homing with Stereo Vision (HSV) method for visual homing. HSV adds stereo information to the image information typically used in homing resulting in improved performance. The Robust Homing with Stereo Vision (RHSV) algorithm is modified to deal with current images taken at arbitrary pitch and roll values, and to handle homing and navigation through occluding obstacles. The results for several trials comparing HSV and RHSV are presented and the future direction of this work outlined.
A FIB-SEM Based Correlative Methodology for X-Ray Nanotomography and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: An Application Example in Lithium Batteries Research (2022)

Correlative microscopy approaches are attracting considerable interest in several research fields such as materials and battery research. Recent developments regarding X-ray computer tomography have made this technique available in a compact module for scanning electron microscopes (SEMs). Nano-computed tomography (nanoCT) allows morphological analysis of samples in a nondestructive way and to generate 2D and 3D overviews. However, morphological analysis alone is not sufficient for advanced studies, and to draw conclusions beyond morphology, chemical analysis is needed. While conventional SEM-based chemical analysis techniques such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) are adequate in many cases, they are not well suited for the analysis of trace elements and low-<i>Z</i> elements such as hydrogen or lithium. Furthermore, the large information depth in typical SEM-EDS imaging conditions limits the lateral resolution to micrometer length scales. In contrast, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can perform elemental mapping with good surface sensitivity, nanoscale lateral resolution, and the possibility to analyze even low-<i>Z</i> elements and isotopes. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility and compatibility of a novel FIB-SEM-based correlative nanoCT-SIMS imaging approach to correlate morphological and chemical data of the exact same sample volume, using a cathode material of a commercial lithium battery as an example.
Influenza A Virus Infection Impairs Mycobacteria-Specific T Cell Responses and Mycobacterial Clearance in the Lung during Pulmonary Coinfection (2013)

Individuals infected with mycobacteria are likely to experience episodes of concurrent infections with unrelated respiratory pathogens, including the seasonal or pandemic circulating influenza A virus strains. We analyzed the impact of influenza A virus and mycobacterial respiratory coinfection on the development of CD8 T cell responses to each pathogen. Coinfected mice exhibited reduced frequency and numbers of CD8 T cells specific to Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the lungs, and the IFN-γ CD8 T cell response to BCG-encoded OVA was decreased in the lungs of coinfected mice, when compared with mice infected with BCG alone. Moreover, after 2 wk of infection, mice coinfected with both pathogens showed a significant increase in the number of mycobacteria present in the lung compared with mice infected with BCG only. Following adoptive transfer into coinfected mice, transgenic CD8 T cells specific for OVA(257-264) failed to proliferate as extensively in the mediastinal lymph nodes as in mice infected only with BCG-OVA. Also noted was a reduction in the proliferation of BCG-specific CD4 transgenic T cells in mice coinfected with influenza compared with mice infected with BCG alone. Furthermore, phenotypic analysis of CD11c(+) dendritic cells from mediastinal lymph nodes of the infected mice showed that coinfection was associated with decreased surface expression of MHC class II and class I. Thus, concurrent pulmonary infection with influenza A virus is associated with decreased MHC expression on dendritic cells, reduced activation of BCG-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, and impaired clearance of mycobacteria.
Room temperature properties of Si and Ge (2006)

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Political campaigning in West Bengal: violence, professionalisation, and communalisation (2022)

This study examines the evolving dynamics of political campaigning in the state of West Bengal in eastern India. West Bengal offers an ideal case to trace the rise of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in India and the implications of this development for political campaigning since, until recently, the political culture of the state, profoundly shaped by 34 years of continuous Left rule from 1977 to 2011, had, at least institutionally and organizationally, eschewed open expressions of identity-based politics. Nonetheless, West Bengal now stands at the cusp of a major political transformation with the emergence of the BJP as the main opposition party in the state. Our analysis identifies two crucial ways in which the rise of the BJP has altered the dominant mode of political campaigning in the state since the 2016 state assembly elections. First, the state has witnessed a dramatic professionalization of campaigns, with the BJP being a clear frontrunner on this dimension. Second, political violence, a distinctive aspect of campaigns in the state since independence, has taken a sharp communal turn in the post-2016 period, departing from the partisan violence of elaka dokhol (area domination) that was the hallmark of the pre-2016 period. We argue that both these shifts were facilitated by a rapid increase in smartphone usage for consuming news, with the BJP leveraging the technological shock to streamline its organizational resources, and by extension, to set the tone of campaigns. We note that these trends have been accentuated during the recently concluded 2021 state assembly elections.