gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Evaluation of Lithium Metal Batteries Using Separators with Different Pore Sizes (2022)

Lithium metal batteries (LMB)-laminate-type full cells were prepared by combining a high-concentrated electrolytes lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI)/ethylene carbonate (EC) and the 3-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous (3DOM) Polyimide (PI) separator, and the cycle characteristics were compared with the full cell using the conventional polypropylene (PP) + polyethylene (PE) separator, which is widely used in lithium ion batteries. The capacity of the laminate-type cell using the PP + PE separator decreased to half of the initial capacity after 50 cycles, while the cell using the 3DOM PI separator kept its initial capacity and showed stable performance even after 50 cycles.
Direct current modulation of spin-Hall-induced spin torque ferromagnetic resonance in platinum/permalloy bilayer thin films (2018)

We examined the spin-Hall-induced spin torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) in platinum/permalloy bilayer thin films under bias direct current (DC). The bias DC modulated the symmetric components of the ST-FMR spectra, while no dominant modulation was found in the antisymmetric components. A detailed analysis in combination with simple model calculations clarified that the major origin of the modulation can be attributed to the DC resistance change under the precessional motion of magnetization. This effect is the second order contribution for the precession angle, even though the contribution can be comparable to the rectification voltage under some specific conditions.
Distribution of Suicin Gene Clusters in Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Belonging to Sequence Types 25 and 28 (2016)

Recently, we reported the purification and characterization of three distinct lantibiotics (named suicin 90-1330, suicin 3908, and suicin 65) produced by <i>Streptococcus suis</i>. In this study, we investigated the distribution of the three suicin lantibiotic gene clusters among serotype 2 <i>S. suis</i> strains belonging to sequence type (ST) 25 and ST28, the two dominant STs identified in North America. The genomes of 102 strains were interrogated for the presence of suicin gene clusters encoding suicins 90-1330, 3908, and 65. The gene cluster encoding suicin 65 was the most prevalent and mainly found among ST25 strains. In contrast, none of the genes related to suicin 90-1330 production were identified in 51 ST25 strains nor in 35/51 ST28 strains. However, the complete suicin 90-1330 gene cluster was found in ten ST28 strains, although some genes in the cluster were truncated in three of these isolates. The vast majority (101/102) of <i>S. suis</i> strains did not possess any of the genes encoding suicin 3908. In conclusion, this study indicates heterogeneous distribution of suicin genes in <i>S. suis</i>.
Posaconazole liquid suspension in solid organ transplant recipients previously treated with voriconazole (2015)

PCZ appears to have a reasonable safety and tolerability profile and may be an effective alternative in SOT patients who require an agent with anti-mold activity, but are unable to tolerate VCZ.
Operation and testing of the PULSTAR reactor intense slow positron beam and PALS spectrometers (2011)

An intense slow positron beam has been established at the 1-MW PULSTAR nuclear reactor. The beam is operational generating mono-energetic positrons with an energy of 1-keV. The maximum measured intensity slightly exceeds 109 e+/s. The beam is operated routinely with an intensity of approximately 5×108 e+/s. The positrons are generated through gamma-ray pair production interactions in two back-to-back banks of tungsten converter/moderators. The gamma-rays are produced in the PULSTAR core and by thermal neutron capture in a cadmium shroud that surrounds the tungsten. The primary utilization of the PULSTAR positron beam is the characterization of nanoscale structure in materials. Consequently, the beam has been equipped with two state-of-the-art PALS spectrometers. The first spectrometer is dedicated to measurements in materials such as metals and semiconductors. This spectrometer is based on pulsing and bunching of the primary beam and is currently operating with a timing resolution of approximately 390 picoseconds. The second spectrometer is dedicated to measurements in materials where positronium formation is promoted. The timing resolution of this spectrometer is designed to be ~ 0.5 nanosecond with an on-sample spot size of 1–2 mm. For both spectrometers, the energy of the positrons can be varied to allow depth profiling with on-sample intensity exceeding 106 e+/s.
Synchronized Action of Synaptically Coupled Chaotic Model Neurons (1996)

Experimental observations of the intracellular recorded electrical activity in individual neurons show that the temporal behavior is often chaotic. We discuss both our own observations on a cell from the stomatogastric central pattern generator of lobster and earlier observations in other cells. In this paper we work with models with chaotic neurons, building on models by Hindmarsh and Rose for bursting, spiking activity in neurons. The key feature of these simplified models of neurons is the presence of coupled slow and fast subsystems. We analyze the model neurons using the same tools employed in the analysis of our experimental data. We couple two model neurons both electrotonically and electrochemically in inhibitory and excitatory fashions. In each of these cases, we demonstrate that the model neurons can synchronize in phase and out of phase depending on the strength of the coupling. For normal synaptic coupling, we have a time delay between the action of one neuron and the response of the other. We also analyze how the synchronization depends on this delay. A rich spectrum of synchronized behaviors is possible for electrically coupled neurons and for inhibitory coupling between neurons. In synchronous neurons one typically sees chaotic motion of the coupled neurons. Excitatory coupling produces essentially periodic voltage trajectories, which are also synchronized. We display and discuss these synchronized behaviors using two "distance" measures of the synchronization.
Narrow-band tunable wavelength-selective filters of Fabry-Perot interferometers with a liquid crystal intracavity (1991)

Optimum designs for tunable wavelength-selective filters of Fabry-Perot interferometers with a liquid crystal intracavity are described. A nematic liquid crystal with index numbers 1.5506 and 1.4771 was used. Methods of aligning liquid crystal molecules were studied. The filters provide high finesse (150-410), high transmittance (20-70%), narrow transmission peak (FWHM: 0.17-0.35 nm), and a large shift (>50 nm) at a wavelength of 1.5 mu m. These filters have a potential to select over 50 channels in WDM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hospital acquired rotavirus infections: burden in Canadian paediatric hospitals (2011)

Rotavirus infections are one of the most common hospital acquired infections in pediatric hospitals. Laboratory confirmed hospital acquired rotavirus infections from 12 pediatric hospitals in Canada were documented for a 3 year period, 2005-7. Overall, hospital acquired infections represented one quarter of all rotavirus hospitalizations for an annual rate of 0.45 per 1000 hospital days with a peak of 0.68 per 1,000 hospital days between December and May. Approximately 8% developed symptoms &lt;72 hours after hospital discharge and required admission to hospital for management of rotavirus infection. Sixty percent of cases were less than 1 year of age and 75% had underlying medical illnesses. Given the licensure and increasing use of rotavirus vaccines, baseline data on the incidence and epidemiology of hospital acquired rotavirus infections will be useful in order to determine the potential impact of vaccination on hospital acquired rotavirus.
Chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion monitoring for multi-level intensity and phase modulation systems (2007)

We demonstrate chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) monitoring techniques via simulation and experiment for 2- and 4-level intensity-modulated as well as phase-modulated optical systems. Degree of polarization (DOP) measurement for monitoring PMD up to 100-ps and clock tone measurement for monitoring CD up to 720-ps/nm are demonstrated in 10-Gsymbol/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) systems. Analysis on dynamic range and monitoring window shows that careful consideration and characterization are necessary when applying these monitoring techniques to multi-level systems.
What is Crowdfunding? (2021)

Chapter two introduces the reader to the basics of crowdfunding, the types of models that exist and what each of them means for your money. We briefly survey the size and scale of global crowdfunding sectors, before returning to the UK where both authors are based to hear from crowdfunding platforms themselves about their role in democratizing finance.
Meta-device for Photonics in Demand (2018)

Metasurfaces composed of artificial structures have attracted a huge number of interests due to their ability on controlling the electromagnetic phase and amplitude at subwavelength scale. Beside those promising characteristics, people now intend to discover the field of meta-devices, where we can attain optical functionalities through changing the features of metasurfaces in demand. In this talk, several metasurface based components for photonic applications will be performed and discussed, including versatile polarization control, pixel-scale metalens, and achromatic meta-devices.
A novel lithography process for 3D (three-dimensional) interconnect using an optical direct-writing exposure system (2010)

A novel lithography process for 3D (Three-dimensional) interconnect was developed using an optical direct-writing exposure tool. A reflective IR (Infra-red) alignment system allows a direct detection of alignment marks both on front-side and back-side of wafer, and consequently allows feasible micro-fabrication for 3D interconnect using the reversed wafer. A combination of the optical direct-writing exposure tool of Dainippon Screen MFG. Co., Ltd. with the reflective IR alignment system and a high aspect chemically amplified resist of Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. provides the lithography process exclusively for 12-inch wafer level 3D interconnect.
NMR STUDIES AND SEMI-EMPIRICAL ENERGY CALCULATIONS FOR CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (2001)

A possible pH-dependent conformational switch was investigated for cyclic ADP-ribose. NMR signals for the exchangeable protons were observed in H2O at low temperature, but there was no direct evidence for the protonation of N-3 at neutral pH that has previously been postulated. MNDO calculations indicated that pH dependent 31P chemical shift changes are attributable to protonation of the phosphate adjacent to the N-1 of adenine, and not due to trans-annular hydrogen bonding with a protonated N-3.
Discrimination of SNPs in GC-Rich Regions using a Modified Hydrolysis Probe Chemistry Protocol (2014)

Allelic discrimination using TaqMan 5'-nuclease assay chemistry has been in routine use for many years, and the catalog of Life Technologies' predesigned SNP genotyping assays now exceeds 4 million entries. However, predesigned assays are often not available for genomic regions with a high GC content, nor can an assay necessarily be designed in this type of region using the manufacturer's design pipelines. Additionally, when an assay is available, the performance can be poor when using standard protocols. Here we report a modified allelic discrimination protocol for variants that reside in extremely GC-rich (GC > 75%) regions. The approach resolves fluorescent signal from reference and variant alleles, allowing all samples to be successfully assigned a genotype call. This protocol modification adds an extra step to the standard workflow, but the increased time is a productive compromise to generate high-quality data.
Organic Thin-Film Electroluminescent Device (1990)

本論文では, 有機薄膜EL素子の素子構造の進展に沿って, 発光層物質と素子構造の最適化を行い, さらに高発光効率の発現機構について検討を行った.数種の発光層物質およびキャリヤ輸送層物質を用いたEL素子における発光特性から, 高発光効率のためには, 発光層の凝集構造制御および発光層の電子的性質に応じてEL素子構造を選択することが重要であることを指摘した.そして, 発光層内への荷電キャリヤおよび励起状態の集約が高発光効率の支配因子であると考察を行った.
Using perceptual learning in VR to train stereo-anomalous observers to rely on disparity cues (2017)

Stereopsis plays an important role in everyday visuomotor tasks. However, abnormal visual experience during development caused by amblyopia and/or strabismus may result in reduced or absent stereopsis. While perceptual learning (PL) can improve stereopsis in adults with abnormal binocular vision, it requires many trials (Ding & Levi, 2011). Thus, attention and compliance may limit the utility of PL. Game principles can be used to tackle both challenges. Indeed, several studies have reported the benefits of using video games to treat amblyopia. Recently, the introduction of consumer Virtual Reality (VR) devices has opened the opportunity to design new PL therapies. Our aim was to test whether VR can be used to train stereo-anomalous observers to rely on disparity cues. We designed two games to train stereovision using a VR headset. One game required players to launch a dart when a dartboard moving in depth, is in the same depth plane as the dart. The other game required the player to destroy the nearest of several ghosts. Importantly, initially the games provided multiple cues for judging depth (shadows, perspective, motion parallax, and disparity). As players progressed we selectively removed cues (shadows, perspective and motion parallax), finally leaving only disparity cues. Play started with a dichoptic calibration, where strabismic angles were corrected and the input to the two eyes was perceptually balanced by reducing the luminance/contrast to the dominant eye, creating a single image and reducing suppression. High contrast binocular frames were used to facilitate binocular fusion. Our preliminary results show that most of the stereo deficient players improved in the game, and several showed transfer to both clinical (Randot®) and dynamic Random Dot Stereoacuity tests (Ding & Levi, 2011). We conclude that consumer VR devices may provide a new tool for the recovery of stereopsis in adults with abnormal binocular vision. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2017
Studies on Plasma Glucagon Concentration in Maturity-Onset Diabetics with Autonomic Neuropathy (1979)

The mean fasting plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) concentration in 25 non-insulin-dependent, maturity-onset diabetics (MODs) was 15.4 ± 3.1 pmol/L, which was not significantly different from the 16.8 ± 2.4 pmol/L in 17 normal controls of similar age. However, in seven MODs with autonomic neuropathy (AN) the mean fasting IRG concentration of 44.7 ± 4.4 was significantly greater than the 17.4 ±1.3 pmol/L in 18 MODs without neuropathy and compared with controls. We, therefore, investigated IRG concentrations in five age-matched, non-insulin-dependent MODs with AN and five without it. Plasma IRG concentrations were measured in the basal state on three separate occasions and in response to insulin and to a mixed meal. Fasting or basal IRG concentrations were measured in the morning with and without a preceding 12-h insulin infusion to determine the effects of reduction in fasting plasma glucose concentrations and after 12 h of nasogastric aspiration to exclude continued stimulation caused by delayed gastric emptying. In the select group of Subjects the mean basal plasma IRG concentration was raised above the normal in diabetics with AN (49.4 ± 5.1) and was 16.2 ± 2.1 in diabetics without AN, which was within normal limits. Neither 12 h of insulin infusion (0.5–0.8 U/h) nor 12 h of nasogastric aspiration altered basal IRG concentrations in either group. The maximum incremental IRG response to acute insulin administration (0.2 U/kg) in diabetics with AN was 6.8 ± 3.9, which was significantly impaired compared with 24.9 ± 4.8 in nine MODs without AN and with 26.3 ± 6.7 in five normal controls. The maximum increment in IRG response to acute insulin administration in diabetics with AN rose significantly to 32.8 ± 12.9 after 12 h of insulin infusion. Although the maximum IRG responses to a mixed meal were higher in both diabetic groups than in the normal controls, there was a delayed initial rise and persistent elevation in diabetics with AN. We suggest that (1) basal IRG concentrations may be dependent on the integrity of the autonomic nervous system in MODs; (2) MODs without AN seem to have a normal response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas in MODs with AN the response is impaired and can be corrected by an adequate degree of both insulinization and reduction in fasting blood glucose concentration; and (3) the maximum IRG response to a mixed meal is exaggerated in all MODs and is not dependent on the integrity of the autonomic nervous system, although the pattern of response may be altered in the presence Of AN.
Use of Social Media to Target Information-Driven Arms Control and Nonproliferation Verification (2012)

There has been considerable discussion within the national security community, including a recent workshop sponsored by the U.S. State Department, about the use of social media for extracting patterns of collective behavior and influencing public perception in areas relevant to arms control and nonproliferation. This paper seeks to explore if, and how, social media can be used to supplement nonproliferation and arms control inspection and monitoring activities on states and sites of greatest proliferation relevance. In this paper, we set the stage for how social media can be applied in this problem space and describe some of the foreseen challenges, including data validation, sources and attributes, verification, and security. Using information analytics and data visualization capabilities available at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), we provide graphical examples of some social media signatures of potential relevance for nonproliferation and arms control purposes. We conclude by describing a proposed case study and offering recommendations both for further research and next steps by the policy community.
Consistent hashing and random trees : algorithms for caching in distributed networks (1998)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.
Video monitoring of pulverized coal injection in the blast furnace (2002)

A novel approach to monitoring and control of the coal powder injection in a blast furnace is presented and discussed. Image analysis of video recordings is used as a means to estimate the instantaneous coal flow. Initial experiments at blast furnace number 3 of SSAB Tunnplat AB, Lulea, Sweden, are reported and firsthand results on modeling and control of a single injection line are given.
Wavelet transform based algorithms for EGM morphology discrimination for implantable ICDs (2003)

New wavelet transform based EGM morphology discrimination algorithms for implantable ICDs are presented. The algorithms are similar to correlation waveform analysis (CWA) and area of difference (AD) but computations are performed in the wavelet domain. The use of the wavelet transform allows more efficient signal processing due to its information compression and filtration properties. Also, wavelet coefficients corresponding to different time scales are weighted to reflect the relative importance of corresponding time scales for EGM morphology discrimination and to facilitate the computation. The algorithms have been implemented in ICD firmware and are capable of processing morphology at up to 250 beats per minute. Holter data analysis showed that morphology measurements were stable over 48 hours of electrogram recording.
Staurosporine Increases Lentiviral Vector Transduction Efficiency of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (2018)

Lentiviral vector (LVV)-mediated transduction of human CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) holds tremendous promise for the treatment of monogenic hematological diseases. This approach requires the generation of a sufficient proportion of gene-modified cells. We identified staurosporine, a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, as a small molecule that could be added to the transduction process to increase the proportion of genetically modified HSPCs by overcoming a LVV entry barrier. Staurosporine increased vector copy number (VCN) approximately 2-fold when added to mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) CD34<sup>+</sup> cells prior to transduction. Limited staurosporine treatment did not affect viability of cells post-transduction, and there was no difference in <i>in vitro</i> colony formation compared to vehicle-treated cells. Xenotransplantation studies identified a statistically significant increase in VCN in engrafted human cells in mouse bone marrow at 4 months post-transplantation compared to vehicle-treated cells. Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) is known to increase transduction efficiency of HSPCs through a different mechanism. Combining staurosporine and PGE<sub>2</sub> resulted in further enhancement of transduction efficiency, particularly in short-term HSPCs. The combinatorial use of small molecules, such as staurosporine and PGE<sub>2</sub>, to enhance LVV transduction of human CD34<sup>+</sup> cells is a promising method to improve transduction efficiency and subsequent potential therapeutic benefit of gene therapy drug products.
Early Postoperative Complications are not Increased in Patients with Crohn's Disease Treated Perioperatively with Infliximab or Immunosuppressive Therapy (2004)

Early complications after elective abdominal surgery for CD are not associated with steroid dose, immunosuppressive therapy, or infliximab use.
Bis(fluoroalcohol) Monomers and Polymers:  Improved Transparency Fluoropolymer Photoresists for Semiconductor Photolithography at 157 nm (2006)

Novel norbornene and [4.2.1.02,5]tricyclononene monomers bearing two hexafluoro-2-propanol substituents are polymerized with tetrafluoroethylene in solution, giving amorphous, largely alternating copolymers. The norbornene copolymer shows excellent transparency at 157 nm and a dissolution rate in aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide that is 100 000 times faster than the corresponding polymer with a single hexafluoro-2-propanol substituent on the norbornene ring. Intermediate dissolution rates are readily obtained using mixtures of the mono- and disubstituted norbornenes. The tricyclononene copolymer is obtained in higher conversion and molecular weight but has a higher absorbance at 157 nm and a slower dissolution rate. Partial protection of the fluoroalcohol groups as their methoxymethyl derivatives gives photoresist polymers with absorbance of 1.0 μm-1 or less which can be imaged at 157 nm using a photoacid generator.
Integrated antenna module for broadband wireless applications (2005)

This paper describes a module based system integration using LTCC technology to realize a compact integrated antenna module. This approach enables the adoption of "best-of-breed" CMOS, SiGe and GaAs technologies for RF transceiver, power amplifier and antenna switch components. Key advantages of this module integration approach include integration of embedded passives, BGA or SMT assembly compatibility, co-design of RF components, wire-bond or flip-chip silicon interconnection and compact footprint. The integrated antenna module targeted for WLAN applications was realized using multi-layer LTCC fabrication technology. The module size is 17 /spl times/ 17 /spl times/ 2 mm/sup 3/, and can be seamlessly integrated with any planar antenna configuration. In addition to providing RF integration and improved system performance, this platform also enables improved thermal performance required for high power wireless applications whilst achieving a compact footprint for "plug and play" applications in portable mobile communication products.