gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activator Protein-1 Activity Regulates Epithelial Tumor Cell Identity (2006)

To examine the consequences of inhibiting activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors in skin, transgenic mice were generated, which use the tetracycline system to conditionally express A-FOS, a dominant negative that inhibits AP-1 DNA binding. Older mice develop mild alopecia and hyperplasia of sebaceous glands, particularly around the eyes. When A-FOS was expressed during chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis, mice do not develop characteristic benign and malignant squamous lesions but instead develop benign sebaceous adenomas containing a signature mutation in the H-ras proto-oncogene. Inhibiting AP-1 activity after tumor formation caused squamous tumors to transdifferentiate into sebaceous tumors. Furthermore, reactivating AP-1 in sebaceous tumors results in a reciprocal transdifferentiation into squamous tumors. In both cases of transdifferentiation, individual cells express molecular markers for both cell types, indicating individual tumor cells have the capacity to express multiple lineages. Molecular characterization of cultured keratinocytes and tumor material indicates that AP-1 regulates the balance between the wnt/beta-catenin and hedgehog signaling pathways that determine squamous and sebaceous lineages, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that c-Jun binds several wnt promoters, which are misregulated by A-FOS expression, suggesting that members of the wnt pathway can be a primary targets of AP-1 transcriptional regulation. Thus, AP-1 activity regulates tumor cell lineage and is essential to maintain the squamous tumor cell identity.
History and Updates of the GROINSS-V Studies (2022)

Surgical management of vulvar cancer is associated with high morbidity rates. The main aim of the GROINSS-V studies is reducing treatment-related morbidity by finding safe alternative treatment options in early-stage vulvar cancer patients. This article reviews the history, results, and updates of the GROINSS-V studies. The first GROINSS-V study was a multicenter observational study (from 2000 to 2006), which investigated the safety and clinical applicability of the sentinel lymph node procedure in patients with early-stage vulvar cancer. GROINSS-V-I showed that omitting inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy was safe in early-stage vulvar cancer patients with a negative sentinel lymph node, with an impressive reduction in treatment-related morbidity. GROINSS-V-II, a prospective multicenter phase II single-arm treatment trial (from 2005 to 2016) investigated whether radiotherapy could be a safe alternative for inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in patients with a metastatic sentinel lymph node. This study showed that radiotherapy in patients with sentinel lymph node micrometastases (≤2 mm) was safe in terms of groin recurrence rate and with less treatment-related morbidity. These results, published in August 2021, should be implemented in (inter)national treatment guidelines for vulvar cancer. GROINSS-V-III recently started including patients. This study investigates the effectiveness and safety of chemoradiation in patients with a macrometastasis (>2 mm) in the sentinel lymph node.
Straightforward Solvothermal Synthesis toward Phase Pure Li2CoPO4F (2016)

Li2CoPO4F, a promising high potential cathode material, has been synthesized for the first time via a one-pot solvothermal synthesis route. The characterization with respect to its crystal structure and electrochemical performance in a lithium half-cell is reported. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies reveal a strong influence of the solvent on the purity of the obtained crystalline phases and the particle morphology with preferred crystal growth orientations. The electrochemical tests of carbon coated materials demonstrate excellent characteristics in terms of high capacity.
Imetelstat (a telomerase antagonist) exerts off-target effects on the cytoskeleton (2013)

Telomerase is a cellular ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that plays a crucial role in telomere maintenance. This enzyme is expressed in approximately 90% of human tumors, but not in the majority of normal somatic cells. imetelstat sodium (GRN163L), is a 13-mer oligonucleotide N3'→P5' thio-phosphoramidate lipid conjugate, which represents the latest generation of telomerase inhibitors targeting the template region of the human functional telomerase RNA (hTR) subunit. In preclinical trials, this compound has been found to inhibit telomerase activity in multiple cancer cell lines, as well as in vivo xenograft mouse models. Currently, GRN163L is being investigated in several clinical trials, including a phase II human non‑small cell lung cancer clinical trial, in a maintenance setting following standard doublet chemotherapy. In addition to the inhibition of telomerase activity in cancer cell lines, GRN163L causes morphological cell rounding changes, independent of hTR expression or telomere length. This leads to the loss of cell adhesion properties; however, the mechanism underlying this effect is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we observed that GRN163L treatment leads to the loss of adhesion in A549 lung cancer cells, due to decreased E-cadherin expression, leading to the disruption of the cytoskeleton through the alteration of actin, tubulin and intermediate filament organization. Consequently, the less adherent cancer cells initially cease to proliferate and are arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, accompanied by decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. These effects of GRN163L are independent of its telomerase catalytic activity and may increase the therapeutic efficacy of GRN163L by decreasing the adhesion, proliferation and metastatic potential of cancer cells in vivo.
Water-Induced Regeneration of a 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Radical after Its Scandium Ion-Promoted Electron-Transfer Disproportionation in an Aprotic Medium (2023)

A neutral, stable radical, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH<sup>•</sup>), has been frequently used to estimate the activity of antioxidants for more than 60 years. However, the number of reports about the effect of metal ions on the reactivity of DPPH<sup>•</sup> is quite limited. We have recently reported a unique electron-transfer disproportionation of DPPH<sup>•</sup> to produce the DPPH cations (DPPH<sup>+</sup>) and anions (DPPH<sup>-</sup>) upon the addition of scandium triflate [Sc(OTf)<sub>3</sub> (OTf = OSO<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>)] to an acetonitrile (MeCN) solution of DPPH<sup>•</sup>. The driving force of this reaction is suggested to be an interaction between DPPH<sup>-</sup> and Sc<sup>3+</sup>. In this study, it is demonstrated that the addition of H<sub>2</sub>O to the DPPH<sup>•</sup>-Sc(OTf)<sub>3</sub> system in MeCN resulted in an increase in the absorption band at 519 nm due to DPPH<sup>•</sup>. This indicated that an electron-transfer comproportionation occurred to regenerate DPPH<sup>•</sup>. The regeneration of DPPH<sup>•</sup> was also confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The amount of DPPH<sup>•</sup> increased with an increasing amount of added H<sub>2</sub>O to reach a constant value. The detailed mechanism of regeneration of DPPH<sup>•</sup> was proposed based on the detailed spectroscopic and kinetic analyses, in which the reaction of DPPH<sup>+</sup> with [(DPPH)<sub>2</sub>Sc(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup> generated upon the addition of H<sub>2</sub>O to [(DPPH)<sub>2</sub>Sc]<sup>+</sup> is the rate-determining step.
Low leakage Mg-compensated GaN Schottky diodes on free-standing GaN substrate for high energy $\alpha$-particle detection (2020)

Low leakage current Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were fabricated on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{30}\ \mu\mathbf{m}$</tex> thick Mg-compensated GaN drift layer (DL) grown on a free-standing GaN substrate and tested up to 5.48 MeV <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\alpha$</tex> -particle energy. The Mg-compensated <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{30}\ \mu\mathbf{m}$</tex> thick n--GaN DL was grown by MOCVD with low charge carrier density (CCD) of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{4.1}\times \mathbf{10}^{\mathbf{15}}/\mathbf{cm}^{\mathbf{3}}$</tex> . The observation of low CCD in the GaN DL by Mg-compensation helps to reduce the reverse leakage current (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</inf> ) of SBDs to 2 pA and in the formation of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{30}\mu\mathbf{m}$</tex> depletion width (DW) even at 0 V. The fabricated GaN SBDs detected <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\alpha$</tex> -particle up to energy of 5.48 MeV with high charge collection efficiencies (CCE) of 100% emitted from <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">241</sup> Am source.
MuPlex: multi-objective multiplex PCR assay design (2005)

We have developed a web-enabled system called MuPlex that aids researchers in the design of multiplex PCR assays. Multiplex PCR is a key technology for an endless list of applications, including detecting infectious microorganisms, whole-genome sequencing and closure, forensic analysis and for enabling flexible yet low-cost genotyping. However, the design of a multiplex PCR assays is computationally challenging because it involves tradeoffs among competing objectives, and extensive computational analysis is required in order to screen out primer-pair cross interactions. With MuPlex, users specify a set of DNA sequences along with primer selection criteria, interaction parameters and the target multiplexing level. MuPlex designs a set of multiplex PCR assays designed to cover as many of the input sequences as possible. MuPlex provides multiple solution alternatives that reveal tradeoffs among competing objectives. MuPlex is uniquely designed for large-scale multiplex PCR assay design in an automated high-throughput environment, where high coverage of potentially thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms is required. The server is available at http://genomics14.bu.edu:8080/MuPlex/MuPlex.html.
ChemInform Abstract: EXPERIMENTS TOWARDS THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF BREFELDIN A (1978)

Abstract Der bekannte Ester (I) wird über die Stufe (II) in den Ester‐aldehyd (III) übergeführt, dessen Wittig‐Reaktion mit dem Phosphoniumsalz (IV) die Verbindung (Va) liefert.
Experimental comparison of direct detection Nyquist SSB transmission based on silicon dual-drive and IQ Mach-Zehnder modulators with electrical packaging (2017)

We have designed and fabricated a silicon photonic in-phase-quadrature (IQ) modulator based on a nested dual-drive Mach-Zehnder structure incorporating electrical packaging. We have assessed its use for generating Nyquist-shaped single sideband (SSB) signals by operating it either as an IQ Mach-Zehnder modulator (IQ-MZM) or using just a single branch of the dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM). The impact of electrical packaging on the modulator bandwidth is also analyzed. We demonstrate 40 Gb/s (10Gbaud) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) Nyquist-shaped SSB transmission over 160 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF). Without using any chromatic dispersion compensation, the bit error rates (BERs) of 5.4 × 10<sup>-4</sup> and 9.0 × 10<sup>-5</sup> were measured for the DD-MZM and IQ-MZM, respectively, far below the 7% hard-decision forward error correction threshold. The performance difference between IQ-MZM and DD-MZM is most likely due to the non-ideal electrical packaging. Our work is the first experimental comparison between silicon IQ-MZM and silicon DD-MZM in generating SSB signals. We also demonstrate 50 Gb/s (12.5Gbaud) 16-QAM Nyquist-shaped SSB transmission over 320 km SSMF with a BER of 2.7 × 10<sup>-3</sup>. Both the silicon IQ-MZM and the DD-MZM show potential for optical transmission at metro scale and for data center interconnection.
Guest Editorial - Adaptive, spectrum agile and cognitive wireless networks (2007)

The 11 papers in this special issue focus on adaptive, spectrum agile and cognitive wireless networks. Some of the topics covered include: fundamental performance aspects of spectrum sharing; spectrum sensing capabilities in cognitive radios; detection and estimation approaches to spectrum sharing; MAC design in opportunistic spectrum access; and competitive spectrum sharing and resource allocation using concepts from game theory and pricing.
Platform Design for Health-Care Monitoring Applications (2007)

Advances in technology have led to development of various sensing, computing and communication devices that can be woven into the physical environment of our daily lives. Such systems enable on-body and mobile health-care monitoring, can integrate information from different sources, and can initiate actions or trigger alarms when needed. In this paper, we describe the general characteristics of medical monitoring applications and use physical movement monitoring as the pilot application. Furthermore, we elaborate several important design techniques that can be tightly coupled with real-time signal processing, and may enhance the system performance. Finally, we present our preliminary results on the movement monitoring application and demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed design techniques.
Rate of Reduction of Chromium Oxide in Aluminate Slag by Solid Carbon (1986)

In the relation to the reduction of molten chromite ores with carbon, the rate of CrO reduction from aluminate slag melted in a graphite crucible has been studied by means of thermogravimetry under Ar atmosphere.The reduction of CrO occurs at an interface between the slag and the carbon contained chromium melt which is formed on the crucible wall after contact of the molten slag with the graphite. The rate of CrO reduction is represented by the first-order-type rate equation. The reduction of CrO by solid carbon is a slow reaction, and the rate constant ranges from 10−4 to 10−3 kg/m2s at 1893 K. The constant increases with increasing cao/Al2O3 ratio. In some slags, the temperature dependence of the rate constant at lower temperatures is larger than that at higher temperatures. The reduction rate of CrO is affected by the geometry of the graphite crucible as a reductant. It is considered that the area of the slag in contact with the graphite depends strongly on the foaming of the slag in the early stage of the reduction. At low concentrations of CrO, the reduction is controlled by chemical processes.
Environment Modelling for Future ADAS Functions (2012)

This contribution proposes an environmental model which can support future Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). These functions need a representation of not only a limited number of real world entities like other vehicles but a holistic representation of occupied and free space as well. For the proposed hybrid environmental model steps towards an efficient implementation are presented, making its application on an automotive ECU feasible. It is validated by its application in lateral and longitudinal ADAS functions for supporting a driver in construction site scenarios.
Gas permeation and selectivity of poly(organophosphazene) membranes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas permeation and selectivity of poly(organophosphazene) membranesHarry R. Allcock, Constance J. Nelson, William D. Coggio, Ian Manners, William J. Koros, David R. B. Walker, and Luiz A. PessanCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 7, 1493–1502Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00059a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00059a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Micrometer-scale fabrication of complex three dimensional lattice + basis structures in silicon (2015)

A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible version of membrane projection lithography (MPL) for fabrication of micrometer-scale three-dimensional structures is presented. The approach uses all inorganic materials and standard CMOS processing equipment. In a single layer, MPL is capable of creating all 5 2D-Bravais lattices. Furthermore, standard semiconductor processing steps can be used in a layer-by-layer approach to create fully three dimensional structures with any of the 14 3D-Bravais lattices. The unit cell basis is determined by the projection of the membrane pattern, with many degrees of freedom for defining functional inclusions. Here we demonstrate several unique structural motifs, and characterize 2D arrays of unit cells with split ring resonators in a silicon matrix. The structures exhibit strong polarization dependent resonances and, for properly oriented split ring resonators (SRRs), coupling to the magnetic field of a normally incident transverse electromagnetic wave, a response unique to 3D inclusions.
Astigmatic coherence sensor for digital imaging (2000)

We present a novel sensor that measures the entire spatial coherence function within an aperture by use of a variable astigmatic lens. This sensor permits digital capture and processing of partially coherent fields. We demonstrate the sensor by sampling and computing the coherent modes of a three-dimensional incoherent source.
Efficient assessment of the utility of immortalized Fa2N-4 cells for cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction studies using multiplex quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and substrate cassette methodologies (2008)

Induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 by 22 prototypical inducers was evaluated in the Fa2N-4 immortalized human hepatic cell line. To facilitate this a duplex one-step quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay for CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 and a substrate cassette allowing simultaneous monitoring of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 activity were developed. CYP1A2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and activity were induced by the prototypical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand beta-naphthoflavone (E(max) = 217- and 11-fold, respectively, and EC(50) = 8 microM). CYP3A4 mRNA and activity were induced by the prototypical pregnane X receptor (PXR) ligands, rifampicin (E(max) = 36- and 6-fold, respectively, and EC(50) = 4 microM) and phenobarbital (E(max) = 12- and 4-fold, respectively, and EC(50) = 205 microM). No induction of CYP2B6 was detected with several prototypical constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) ligands. A large mRNA-activity E(max) ratio was observed for some time-dependent inhibitors of CYP3A4, whereas EC(50) determinations appeared to be independent of the endpoint. In conclusion, Fa2N-4 cells are a good surrogate for primary human hepatocytes for assessing AhR and PXR-mediated CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 induction, respectively, but not for CAR-mediated CYP2B6 induction. The sensitive and selective methodologies presented in this paper afford maximal data generation and enhanced throughput capability and are readily transferable to primary human hepatocytes or alternate cellular systems.
Synthesis, characterization, and reversible hydrogen sorption study of sodium-doped fullerene (2013)

Herein is presented a novel, straightforward route to the synthesis of an alkali metal-doped fullerene as well as a detailed account of its reversible and enhanced hydrogen sorption properties in comparison to pure C60. This work demonstrates that a reaction of sodium hydride with fullerene (C60) results in the formation of a sodium-doped fullerene capable of reversible hydrogen sorption via a chemisorption mechanism. This material not only demonstrated reversible hydrogen storage over several cycles, it also showed the ability to reabsorb over three times the amount of hydrogen (relative to the hydrogen content of NaH) under optimized conditions. The sodium-doped fullerene was hydrogenated on a pressure composition temperature (PCT) instrument at 275 °C while under 100 bar of hydrogen pressure. The hydrogen desorption behavior of this sodium-doped fullerene hydride was observed over a temperature range up to 375 °C on the PCT and up to 550 °C on the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Powder x-ray diffraction verifies the identity of this material as being Na6C60. Characterization of this material by thermal decomposition analysis (e.g. PCT and TGA methods), as well as FT-IR and mass spectrometry, indicates that the hydrogen sorption activity of this material is due to the reversible formation of a hydrogenated fullerene (fullerane). However, the reversible formation of fullerane was found to be greatly enhanced by the presence of sodium. It was also demonstrated that the addition of a catalytic amount of titanium (via TiO2 or Ti(OBu)4) further enhances the hydrogen sorption process of the sodium-doped fullerene material.
SemanticPaint: Interactive 3D Labeling and Learning at your Fingertips (2015)

We present a new interactive and online approach to 3D scene understand-ing. Our system, SemanticPaint, allows users to simultaneously scan their environment, whilst interactively segmenting the scene simply by reaching out and touching any desired object or surface. Our system continuously learns from these segmentations, and labels new unseen parts of the envi-ronment. Unlike offline systems, where capture, labeling and batch learning often takes hours or even days to perform, our approach is fully online. This provides users with continuous live feedback of the recognition during capture, allowing them to immediately correct errors in the segmentation and/or learning – a feature that has so far been unavailable to batch and offline methods. This leads to models that are tailored or personalized specif-ically to the user’s environments and object classes of interest, opening up the potential for new applications in augmented reality, interior design, and human/robot navigation. It also provides the ability to capture substantial labeled 3D datasets for training large-scale visual recognition systems.