gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrahigh-vacuum quasiepitaxial growth of model van der Waals thin films. II. Experiment (1994)

We study the growth of the archetypal planar molecular compounds; 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride 3,4,7,9 naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and copper phthalocyanine on a variety of substrates by the ultrahigh-vacuum process of organic molecular-beam deposition. The thin-film structures are grown as monolayers, multilayers, alternating thin-film stacks (or multiple quantum wells), and bulk thin films with thicknesses extending to 4000 \AA{}. Techniques used to investigate these structures include scanning tunneling microscopy, in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, electron mi- croscopy, x-ray diffraction, and optical and electronic characterization. We find that highly ordered crystalline thin-film growth (i.e., quasiepitaxy) can often be achieved independent of the commensurability of the grown layer and the substrate. Such structural ordering is shown to strongly influence both the optical and electronic properties of the films. The structures experimentally determined for these film systems are consistent with the theoretical predictions made in paper I, where we analyze films consisting of large planar organic molecules bonded by van der Waals forces. These results provide evidence for the generality of quasiepitaxial growth of such molecular thin-film systems.
Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain 1128105, the First Known Clinical Isolate Possessing thecfrMultidrug Resistance Gene (2014)

The Cfr methyltransferase confers resistance to six classes of drugs which target the peptidyl transferase center of the 50S ribosomal subunit, including some oxazolidinones, such as linezolid (LZD). The mobile cfr gene was identified in European veterinary isolates from the late 1990s, although the earliest report of a clinical cfr-positive strain was the 2005 Colombian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate CM05. Here, through retrospective analysis of LZD(r) clinical strains from a U.S. surveillance program, we identified a cfr-positive MRSA isolate, 1128105, from January 2005, predating CM05 by 5 months. Molecular typing of 1128105 revealed a unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profile most similar to that of USA100, spa type t002, and multilocus sequence type 5 (ST5). In addition to cfr, LZD resistance in 1128105 is partially attributed to the presence of a single copy of the 23S rRNA gene mutation T2500A. Transformation of the ∼37-kb conjugative p1128105 cfr-bearing plasmid from 1128105 into S. aureus ATCC 29213 background strains was successful in recapitulating the Cfr antibiogram, as well as resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim. A 7-kb cfr-containing region of p1128105 possessed sequence nearly identical to that found in the Chinese veterinary Proteus vulgaris isolate PV-01 and in U.S. clinical S. aureus isolate 1900, although the presence of IS431-like sequences is unique to p1128105. The cfr gene environment in this early clinical cfr-positive isolate has now been identified in Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains of clinical and veterinary origin and has been associated with multiple mobile elements, highlighting the versatility of this multidrug resistance gene and its potential for further dissemination.
Characteristics and impact of fiber gratings in dispersion-based rf beam forming (1998)

The use of fiber gratings is dispersion-based RF beamforming systems is reviewed. The relationship between the beamformer and grating parameters is discussed. Measurements on the RF characteristics of fiber gratings are presented, and their impact on beamformer performance is discussed.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Cardiac Contractility Modulation Device in Heart Failure With Normal QRS Duration (2019)

Cardiac contractility modulation is likely to be cost-effective in people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, NYHA III, and narrow QRS, provided that the treatment benefit can be maintained beyond the duration of the existing clinical trial follow-up. This analysis supports the current recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology that this therapy may be considered for such patients.
Topology-Optimized Slow-Light Couplers for Ring-Shaped Photonic Crystal Waveguide (2010)

We demonstrate a topology-optimized coupler for a ring-shaped photonic crystal waveguide to improve the coupling of light located in the slow-light regime. An enhancement of the coupling efficiency of up to 2.5dB is experimentally demonstrated.
Measurement of theW+W−Cross Section ins=7  TeVppCollisions with ATLAS (2011)

This Letter presents a measurement of the W+ W- production cross section in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV pp collisions by the ATLAS experiment, using 34 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity produced by the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Selecting events with two isolated leptons, each either an electron or a muon, 8 candidate events are observed with an expected background of 1.7 ± 0.6 events. The measured cross section is 41(-16)(+20)(stat) ± 5(syst)±1(lumi) pb, which is consistent with the standard model prediction of 44 ± 3 pb calculated at next-to-leading order in QCD.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Stress Chaperone Mortalin Contributes to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlation of mortalin expression with cell migration capacity in normal human fibroblasts.&lt;/p&gt;
Photo-induced magnetization and first-principles calculations of a two-dimensional cyanide-bridged Co–W bimetal assembly (2016)

A two-dimensional cyanide-bridged Co-W bimetal assembly, (H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>)[Co(4-bromopyridine)<sub>2</sub>{W(CN)<sub>8</sub>}], was prepared. A synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray single-crystal measurement shows that the crystal structure is monoclinic in the P2<sub>1</sub>/c space group. Magnetic and spectroscopic measurements show that this assembly takes Co(S = 0)-W<sup>IV</sup>(S = 0) in the temperature range of 2-390 K. Such a wide temperature range Co-W<sup>IV</sup> phase has not been reported so far. First-principles calculations show that the band gap is composed of a W<sup>IV</sup> valence band and a Co<sup>III</sup> conduction band. 785 nm light irradiation causes photo-induced magnetization with a Curie temperature of 27 K and a coercive field of 2000 Oe. The crystal structure of the photo-induced phase was determined to have larger lattice constants in the two-dimensional layer (bc-plane) by 3% compared to the original phase, which is due to the expansion of the distance of Co-N. The photo-induced phase returns to the original phase upon thermal treatment. First-principles calculations, and magnetic, and optical measurements prove that this photomagnetism is caused by the optical charge-transfer-induced spin transition from Co(S = 0)-W<sup>IV</sup>(S = 0) to Co(S = 3/2)-W<sup>V</sup>(S = 1/2).
Determination of Copper in A533b Steel for the Assessment of Radiation Embrittlement Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (1996)

Determination of radiation embrittlement in nuclear reactor pressure vessels is crucial to assessing safe operative lifetimes for many aging nuclear power plants. Conservative nuclear fluence estimates and trace impurity diagnosis of the weldment material are the basis of radiation embrittlement analysis. Copper is thought to be a key impurity contributing to radiation embrittlement. In this paper, the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a means to assess radiation embrittlement by the detection and quantification of copper in A553b steel was investigated. A LIBS configuration completely coupled by fiber optics was attempted, but because of low laser power and fiber losses, fiber-optic delivery of the laser beam was unsuccessful. Consequently, hard optics (lenses and mirrors) were employed for laser beam delivery. The plasma emission was delivered successfully via fiber optics to the detection apparatus. Copper measurements were made from custom-fabricated steel samples. Comparison of the LIBS results to an independent atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) analysis showed LIBS to be of comparable accuracy, especially in low-level copper samples.
Recognizing conic shape: a nonlinear iterative approach (2003)

An algorithm for fitting a conic shape to a set of given data is described. By a modified medial axis transform, described in the paper, the algorithm first determines the orientation of the shape such that the shape could be rotated to align its axis with the X-axis. The standard nonlinear equations of the conic, both closed and open, are then fitted using a linearized least square approach. Some experimental results are provided indicating the convergence and good performance of the algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preservation of Interference Effects in Working Memory After Orbitofrontal Damage (2020)

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in multiple cognitive processes, including inhibitory control, context memory, recency judgment, and choice behavior. Despite an emerging understanding of the role of OFC in memory and executive control, its necessity for core working memory (WM) operations remains undefined. Here, we assessed the impact of OFC damage on interference effects in WM using a Recent Probes task based on the Sternberg item-recognition task (1966). Subjects were asked to memorize a set of letters and then indicate whether a probe letter was presented in a particular set. Four conditions were created according to the forthcoming response ("yes"/"no") and the recency of the probe (presented in the previous trial set or not). We compared behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) responses between healthy subjects (<i>n</i> = 14) and patients with bilateral OFC damage (<i>n</i> = 14). Both groups had the same recency pattern of slower reaction time (RT) when the probe was presented in the previous trial but not in the current one, reflecting the proactive interference (PI). The within-group electrophysiological results showed no condition difference during letter encoding and maintenance. In contrast, event-related potentials (ERPs) to probes showed distinct within-group condition effects, and condition by group effects. The response and recency effects for controls occurred within the same time window (300-500 ms after probe onset) and were observed in two distinct spatial groups including right centro-posterior and left frontal electrodes. Both clusters showed ERP differences elicited by the response effect, and one cluster was also sensitive to the recency manipulation. Condition differences for the OFC group involved two different clusters, encompassing only left hemisphere electrodes and occurring during two consecutive time windows (345-463 ms and 565-710 ms). Both clusters were sensitive to the response effect, but no recency effect was found despite the behavioral recency effect. Although the groups had different electrophysiological responses, the maintenance of letters in WM, the evaluation of the context of the probe, and the decision to accept or reject a probed letter were preserved in OFC patients. The results suggest that neural reorganization may contribute to intact recency judgment and response after OFC damage.
Conformational Changes of Protein upon Encapsulation of Noble Metal Clusters: An Investigation by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (2019)

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry was employed to probe the conformational changes in lysozyme (Lyz) during the course of formation of a protein-protected atomically precise Au8 cluster. MALDI MS showed the protein, Lyz, to be present in a denatured state in the cluster. Detailed ESI MS analysis of the Au-attached Lyz adducts, an intermediate of cluster formation, confirmed that these conformational changes are brought about by Au–S bond formation and a similar conformation is retained in the final cluster. These results were supported by computational results, which showed an increase in solvent accessible surface area upon the formation of the adducts. Infrared spectroscopy established that change in the rate as well as the extent of the hydrogen/deuterium exchange observed in the cluster was due to the change in the amide II region of the encapsulating protein. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange ESI MS of Cu adducts of Lyz showed a lower degree of denaturation than their Au counterparts. XPS analysis revealed that Cu binds differently to Lyz than it does with Au, which is likely because of the stronger soft–soft Au–S interaction. Alkali metal ion binding, on the other hand, does not affect the protein conformation because such ions do not affect the disulfide bonds.
Gas permeation and lifetime tests on polymer-based barrier coatings (2001)

We describe a flexible, transparent plastic substrate for OLED display applications. A flexible, composite thin film barrier is deposited under vacuum onto commercially available polymers, restricting moisture and oxygen permeation rates to undetectable levels using conventional permeation test equipment. The barrier is deposited under vacuum in a process compatible with conventional roll- coating technology. The film is capped with a thin film of transparent conductive oxide yielding an engineered substrate (BarixTM) for next generation, rugged, lightweight or flexible OLED displays. Preliminary tests indicate that the substrate is sufficiently impermeable to moisture and oxygen for application to moisture-sensitive display applications, such as organic light emitting displays, and is stable in pure oxygen to 200 degrees Celsius.
Cycloquest: Identification of Cyclopeptides via Database Search of Their Mass Spectra against Genome Databases (2011)

Hundreds of ribosomally synthesized cyclopeptides have been isolated from all domains of life, the vast majority having been reported in the last 15 years. Studies of cyclic peptides have highlighted their exceptional potential both as stable drug scaffolds and as biomedicines in their own right. Despite this, computational techniques for cyclopeptide identification are still in their infancy, with many such peptides remaining uncharacterized. Tandem mass spectrometry has occupied a niche role in cyclopeptide identification, taking over from traditional techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). MS/MS studies require only picogram quantities of peptide (compared to milligrams for NMR studies) and are applicable to complex samples, abolishing the requirement for time-consuming chromatographic purification. While database search tools such as Sequest and Mascot have become standard tools for the MS/MS identification of linear peptides, they are not applicable to cyclopeptides, due to the parent mass shift resulting from cyclization and different fragmentation patterns of cyclic peptides. In this paper, we describe the development of a novel database search methodology to aid in the identification of cyclopeptides by mass spectrometry and evaluate its utility in identifying two peptide rings from &lt;i&gt;Helianthus annuus&lt;/i&gt;, a bacterial cannibalism factor from &lt;i&gt;Bacillus subtilis&lt;/i&gt;, and a θ-defensin from &lt;i&gt;Rhesus macaque&lt;/i&gt;.
Imprint technology: A potential low-cost solution for sub-45nm device applications (2006)

Nano-imprint technology has demonstrated the potential for a low-cost, high-throughput Next Generation Lithography (NGL) method extendable to ultra-fine geometry requirements. Although the development of nano-imprinting lithography has been focused on semiconductor applications, the technology could provide a pathway for non-semiconductor-related applications as well. Examples of technologies that may benefit from this nano-imprint are high-density drives and other stand-alone memories, organic and flexible electronics, photonics, nanoelectronics, biotechnology, etc. With the rapid advances in these industries, the need for sub-nanometer features to drive performance and innovation, while maintaining cost, is to be expected. Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL<sup>TM</sup>) is one of several cost-effective imprinting technologies being pursued for sub-100 nm resolution. In demonstrating successful final pattern transfer of features less than 45 nm, S-FIL has sparked some interest as a viable alternative to other NGL methods. Unlike optical-based lithography, imprint utilizes the basic concept of contact printing, and therefore, does not require expensive optics and complex resist material to create images. Thus, the cost of ownership for nano-imprint lithography compared with other optical-based NLGs could provide solutions for many applications. Improvements made in S-FIL in the areas of material dispensing and refinement of the etch barrier (EB) have resulted in more uniform printing while producing a thinner residual layer. These improvements, coupled with changes to the etch processes have enabled pattern transfer with minimal critical dimension (CD) loss. This paper will describe both the new imprinting results and pattern transfer to demonstrate sub-45nm features. CD bias at each of the process steps will also be discussed. Examples of sub-45 nm (1:3) line/space features post imprint and final pattern transfer into oxide will be shown.
Modeling the Elongation of Nanowires Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition Using a Predictive Approach (2019)

The chemical bath deposition of nanowires is of high interest for a wide variety of optoelectronic, piezoelectric, and sensing devices, but a theoretical description of the elongation process is still missing despite its critical importance. By solving Fick’s diffusion equations in combination with thermodynamic computations, we determine the expression of the axial growth rate of nanowires and its temporal dependence under dynamic conditions, namely, in a sealed reactor, where the depletion of chemical reactants occurs. The theoretical model is found to be in very good agreement with a large set of experimental data specifically collected in the case of the chemical bath deposition of ZnO nanowires. In particular, an activation energy of 198 ± 24 kJ/mol is deduced for the elongation process of ZnO nanowires, involving the energy barriers for both the dehydration process of Zn(II) species (i.e., [Zn(H2O)6]2+ ions) and their subsequent direct incorporation onto the c-plane top faces. This shows its high potential to enable in-depth investigation of the physicochemical processes at work in the chemical bath. By using the theoretical model as a predictive approach, a complete growth diagram reporting the evolution of the length of ZnO nanowires vs effective growth time and temperature is also obtained over a broad range of conditions, revealing its additional high potential for applied research and industrial purposes. The present general approach is further compatible with a broad range of chemicals in solution and of semiconducting materials grown by chemical bath deposition.
Revision of forensics-relevant nuclear data in Sb127 β decay (2019)

With a half-life of 3.85(5) d, the fission product $^{127}\mathrm{Sb}$ is potentially useful for the characterization of fallout debris that would be collected for forensic analysis following a hypothetical nuclear event. The $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of $^{127}\mathrm{Sb}$ has many characteristic $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray lines, however, the majority of decay strength is concentrated in the three strongest lines near 686, 473, and 784 keV, based on low-precision spectroscopic measurements from decades ago. In a new measurement of $^{127}\mathrm{Sb}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay, obtained from radiochemical separations of U photofission products, we show that the energies of the 686 and 784 lines are actually shifted lower by 0.8 and 1.1 keV, respectively. Such large discrepancies in the nuclear data inhibit accurate isotopic analyses and have important implications, for example, on the assessment of fission debris that might be collected in the days following a nuclear event. Therefore, a new evaluation of $^{127}\mathrm{Sb}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay and appropriate revisions to the various nuclear databases are warranted. This paper reports a new set of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies and relative intensities corresponding to $^{127}\mathrm{Sb}$ decay.
Software Defined 5G Mobile Backhaul (2014)

A major challenge of future mobile networks is providing the needed elastic scaling to the increased traffic demand, number of users and applications with acceptable cost. Another challenge is suitability for numerous communications applications while curbing unwanted traffic on the air interface an
Understanding the Role of Grain Boundaries on Charge‐Carrier and Ion Transport in Cs2AgBiBr6 Thin Films (2021)

Abstract Halide double perovskites have gained significant attention, owing to their composition of low‐toxicity elements, stability in air, and recent demonstrations of long charge‐carrier lifetimes that can exceed 1 µs. In particular, Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 is the subject of many investigations in photovoltaic devices. However, the efficiencies of solar cells based on this double perovskite are still far from the theoretical efficiency limit of the material. Here, the role of grain size on the optoelectronic properties of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 thin films is investigated. It is shown through cathodoluminescence measurements that grain boundaries are the dominant nonradiative recombination sites. It also demonstrates through field‐effect transistor and temperature‐dependent transient current measurements that grain boundaries act as the main channels for ion transport. Interestingly, a positive correlation between carrier mobility and temperature is found, which resembles the hopping mechanism often seen in organic semiconductors. These findings explain the discrepancy between the long diffusion lengths &gt;1 µm found in Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 single crystals versus the limited performance achieved in their thin film counterparts. This work shows that mitigating the impact of grain boundaries will be critical for these double perovskite thin films to reach the performance achievable based on their intrinsic single‐crystal properties.
First Total Synthesis of Lippialactone and Its C9 Epimer (2013)

This paper describes the first total synthesis of bioactive lippialactone and C9-<i>epi</i>-lippialactone adopting Keck asymmetric allylation/Barbier allylation and olefin cross-metathesis as the key steps.
A Wideband High-Power Plasma-Based Microwave Power Limiter (2018)

Power limiters are important elements in many receiver signal chains especially in radars and systems subject to jamming conditions. Linear, low-loss and high-power limiters are especially valuable to such systems. Although new semiconductor-based microwave power limiters can handle up to 10s of Watts thanks to the GaN and InP technologies, having limiters with higher power capabilities especially in higher frequencies, like mm-wave range, is still quite challenging.