gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Insights into Orbital Angular Momentum Beams: From Fundamentals, Devices to Applications (2019)

<p class="MDPI31text" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 0cm;" align="left"><span lang="EN-US">It is well-known by now that the angular momentum carried by elementary particles can be categorized as spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM). In the early 1900s, Poynting recognized that a particle, such as a photon, can carry SAM, which has only two possible states, i.e., clockwise and anticlockwise circular polarization states. However, only fairly recently, in 1992, Allen et al. discovered that photons with helical phase fronts can carry OAM, which has infinite orthogonal states. In the past two decades, the OAM-carrying beam, due to its unique features, has gained increasing interest from many different research communities, including physics, chemistry, and engineering. Its twisted phase front and intensity distribution have enabled a variety of applications, such as micromanipulation, laser beam machining, nonlinear matter interactions, imaging, sensing, quantum cryptography and classical communications. This book aims to explore novel insights of OAM beams. It focuses on state-of-the-art advances in fundamental theories, devices and applications, as well as future perspectives of OAM beams.</span>
Neural networks mediating sentence reading in the deaf (2014)

The present work addresses the neural bases of sentence reading in deaf populations. To better understand the relative role of deafness and spoken language knowledge in shaping the neural networks that mediate sentence reading, three populations with different degrees of English knowledge and depth of hearing loss were included-deaf signers, oral deaf and hearing individuals. The three groups were matched for reading comprehension and scanned while reading sentences. A similar neural network of left perisylvian areas was observed, supporting the view of a shared network of areas for reading despite differences in hearing and English knowledge. However, differences were observed, in particular in the auditory cortex, with deaf signers and oral deaf showing greatest bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) recruitment as compared to hearing individuals. Importantly, within deaf individuals, the same STG area in the left hemisphere showed greater recruitment as hearing loss increased. To further understand the functional role of such auditory cortex re-organization after deafness, connectivity analyses were performed from the STG regions identified above. Connectivity from the left STG toward areas typically associated with semantic processing (BA45 and thalami) was greater in deaf signers and in oral deaf as compared to hearing. In contrast, connectivity from left STG toward areas identified with speech-based processing was greater in hearing and in oral deaf as compared to deaf signers. These results support the growing literature indicating recruitment of auditory areas after congenital deafness for visually-mediated language functions, and establish that both auditory deprivation and language experience shape its functional reorganization. Implications for differential reliance on semantic vs. phonological pathways during reading in the three groups is discussed.
Table S2 from MicroRNA Array Analysis Finds Elevated Serum miR-1290 Accurately Distinguishes Patients with Low-Stage Pancreatic Cancer from Healthy and Disease Controls (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S2 - XLSX file 12K, Supplemental Table S2. MicroRNAs elevated in serum of pancreatic cancer patients relative to patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors by microarray analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Advances in optoelectronic technologies for ROADM subsystems (2005)

Summary form only given. Until recently, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) systems did not exist, their components were unselected, and their market was unclear. Today every major system vendor has a ROADM offering, and a large number of component vendors have announced ROADM products based on a variety of technologies, some more mature than others. We review the different optoelectronic component technologies that have been developed for use in ROADM subsystems, and describe their principles of operation, designs, features, advantages, and challenges.
Photochromism of azobenzene-containing polymers. 4. Effect of spacer groups (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochromism of azobenzene-containing polymers. 4. Effect of spacer groupsS. R. Gaonkar, G. Sudesh Kumar, and D. C. NeckersCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 24, 5146–5148Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00226a018Request reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (325 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flash Characterization of Smartphones Used in Point-of-Care Diagnostics (2022)

Rapidly growing interest in smartphone cameras as the basis of point-of-need diagnostic and bioanalytical technologies increases the importance of quantitative characterization of phone optical performance under real-world operating conditions. In the context of our development of lateral-flow immunoassays based on phosphorescent nanoparticles, we have developed a suite of tools for characterizing the temporal and spectral profiles of smartphone torch and flash emissions, and their dependence on phone power state. In this work, these tools are described and documented to make them easily available to others, and demonstrated by application to characterization of Apple iPhone 5s, iPhone 6s, iPhone 8, iPhone XR, and Samsung Note8 flash performance as a function of time and wavelength, at a variety of power settings. Flash and torch intensity and duration vary with phone state and among phone models. Flash has high variability when the battery charge is below 10%, thus, smartphone-based Point-of-Care (POC) tests should only be performed at a battery level of at least 15%. Some output variations could substantially affect the results of assays that rely on the smartphone flash.
Treadmill measures of ambulation rates in ovine models of spinal cord injury and neuropathic pain (2016)

Our laboratories are developing treadmill-based gait analysis employing sheep to investigate potential efficacy of intra-dural spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of spinal cord injury and neuropathic pain. As part of efforts to establish the performance characteristics of the experimental arrangement, this study measured the treadmill speed via a tachometer, video belt-marker timing and ambulation-rate observations of the sheep. The data reveal a 0.1-0.3% residual drift in the baseline (unloaded) treadmill speed which increases with loading, but all three approaches agree on final speed to within 1.7%, at belt speeds of ≈ 4 km/h. Using the tachometer as the standard, the estimated upper limit on uncertainty in the video belt-marker approach is ± 0.18 km h(-1) and the measured uncertainty is ± 0.15 km h(-1). Employment of the latter method in determining timing differences between contralateral hoof strikes by the sheep suggests its utility in assessing severity of SCI and responses to therapeutic interventions.
Theoretical calculation of circular dichroic exciton-split spectra in presence of three interacting 2-naphthoate chromophores. (1997)

Ample experimental evidence shows that the principle of pairwise additivity holds in exciton coupled CD systems consisting of three or more interacting chromophores. This principle is one of the most important from a practical viewpoint. However, the rule has so far not been proven theoretically. In order to prove the additivity principle by calculation, three ouabagenin bisnaphthoates and 1,3,19-tris-naphthoates were chosen as models. Since this represents a challenging case where the 2-naphthoate chromophore can adopt s-cis or s-trans conformations and, moreover the C-19 side chain of ouabagenin is flexible, Monte Carlo conformational search was performed prior to the CD calculation. The pi-electron SCF-CI-DV MO calculation of CD was applied to all conformers within 3 kcal/mol range from the lowest energy. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical CD spectra was obtained for the ouabagenin bisnaphthoates and trisnaphthoate.
Population genomic analysis of Aegilops tauschii identifies targets for bread wheat improvement (2021)

Aegilops tauschii, the diploid wild progenitor of the D subgenome of bread wheat, is a reservoir of genetic diversity for improving bread wheat performance and environmental resilience. Here we sequenced 242 Ae. tauschii accessions and compared them to the wheat D subgenome to characterize genomic diversity. We found that a rare lineage of Ae. tauschii geographically restricted to present-day Georgia contributed to the wheat D subgenome in the independent hybridizations that gave rise to modern bread wheat. Through k-mer-based association mapping, we identified discrete genomic regions with candidate genes for disease and pest resistance and demonstrated their functional transfer into wheat by transgenesis and wide crossing, including the generation of a library of hexaploids incorporating diverse Ae. tauschii genomes. Exploiting the genomic diversity of the Ae. tauschii ancestral diploid genome permits rapid trait discovery and functional genetic validation in a hexaploid background amenable to breeding.
Spectral reproduction from scene to hardcopy: I. Input and output (2001)

Efforts to construct end-to-end color reproduction systems based on the preservation of scene spectral data have been underway at the Munsell Color Science Laboratory. The goal is to present hardcopy results which are spectrally matched to original colors. The evaluated approach consists of capturing scenes through a trichromatic digital camera combined with multiple filterings followed by an image processing stage and then four-color printing. The acquisition end is designed to estimate original scene spectra on a pixel-by-pixel basis based on system characteristics which takes into account the camera sensitivities as modulated by the filterings followed by an image processing stage and then four-color printing. The acquisition end is designed to estimate original scene spectra on a pixel-by-pixel basis based on system characterizations which takes into account the camera sensitivities as modulated by the filterings an scene colorant make-up. The spectral-based printing used in this research is able to produce the least metameric reproduction to the original scene using a computationally feasible approach. Results show a system accuracy of mean (Delta) E<SUP>*</SUP>94 of 1.5 and spectral reflectance rms error of 0.9 percent.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with concordant bone marrow involvement has peculiar genomic profile and poor clinical outcome (2010)

Bone marrow (BM) involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be morphologically discordant from the primary tumor. Concordant BM infiltration has been shown associated with a poorer outcome in patients treated with CHOP. In order to evaluate tumor-related factors leading to BM involvement in DLBCL, we performed an integrated analysis of i) genomic profiles obtained with a high-density genome wide SNP-based arrays ii) immunomorphological and iii) clinical data from 133 patients uniformly treated with R-CHOP. BM infiltration was found in 27 of 133 (20%) cases; and it was concordant in 18/27 (67%) cases. Concordant infiltration, but not discordant, influenced negatively OS, PFS and DFS and was associated with higher serum LDH, lower CR and higher PD rates. No association with cell of origin was found between BM+ and BM- DLBCL. As compared with BM- cases, BM+ DLBCL showed absence of 7q gain.
Discovery of Molidustat (BAY 85‐3934): A Small‐Molecule Oral HIF‐Prolyl Hydroxylase (HIF‐PH) Inhibitor for the Treatment of Renal Anemia (2018)

Small-molecule inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (HIF-PHs) are currently under clinical development as novel treatment options for chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated anemia. Inhibition of HIF-PH mimics hypoxia and leads to increased erythropoietin (EPO) expression and subsequently increased erythropoiesis. Herein we describe the discovery, synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and proposed binding mode of novel 2,4-diheteroaryl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-ones as orally bioavailable HIF-PH inhibitors for the treatment of anemia. High-throughput screening of our corporate compound library identified BAY-908 as a promising hit. The lead optimization program then resulted in the identification of molidustat (BAY 85-3934), a novel small-molecule oral HIF-PH inhibitor. Molidustat is currently being investigated in clinical phase III trials as molidustat sodium for the treatment of anemia in patients with CKD.
Jet flow rate and needle position govern distal airway pressures during low‐frequency jet ventilation (2021)

In this model, total entrained jet flow rate is a more robust predictor of distal airway pressure than jet inlet pressure. More homogeneous ventilation was observed in our model with the ventilation needle centered in the proximal region of the trachea.
Z-Source Inverter Based Power Quality Compensator with Enhanced Ride-Through Capability (2007)

Distributed generation has been gaining acceptance over the years and it has the potential to provide reliable power to sensitive loads. However, distributed networks are prone to unbalanced faults conditions. This makes single inverter DG systems unsuitable as UPS systems. This paper proposes a Z- source inverter based power quality compensator and a control structure that supplies high quality voltage to the connected sensitive load in the presence of other non linear loads. The proposed topology consists of combination of shunt and series inverters connected to a common Z-source impedance network. The shunt inverter is controlled to maintain a quality voltage waveform at the load bus. Whereas the series inverter enhances the ride-through capability during grid faults, protects the shunt inverter by limiting the current and also controls the power delivered to the grid. The performance of proposed topology and controller is validated with simulation results obtained using Matlab/Simulink/PLECS. Further, it is supported with experimental results obtained using a prototype built in the laboratory.
Thumbnail rectilinear Steiner trees (2002)

The rectilinear Steiner tree problem is to find a minimum-length set of horizontal and vertical line segments that interconnect a given set of points in the plane. Here we study the thumbnail rectilinear Steiner tree problem, where the input points are drawn from a small integer grid. Specifically, we devise a full-set decomposition algorithm for computing optimal thumbnail rectilinear Steiner trees. We then present experimental results comparing this algorithm with two existing algorithms for computing optimal rectilinear Steiner trees. The thumbnail rectilinear Steiner tree problem has applications in VLSI placement algorithms based on geometric partitioning and in global routing of field-programmable gate arrays.
Superhydrophobic coated micro-porous carbon foam membrane and method for solar-thermal driven desalination (2023)

A solar membrane distillation apparatus includes a housing comprising a light transmitting wall. A solar distillation membrane is positioned in the housing to receive solar radiation transmitted through the light transmitting wall. The solar distillation membrane includes a porous graphitic foam and a coating of a hydrophobic composition on the surface and pores of the graphitic foam. A water chamber within the housing is provided for retaining water adjacent to the solar distillation membrane. A vapor chamber is provided for collecting water vapor distilling through the solar distillation membrane. A condenser is provided for condensing distilled water vapor from the vapor chamber into liquid water. A separation membrane and a method of solar distillation are also disclosed.
Targeted Deletion of Prkar1a Reveals a Role for Protein Kinase A in Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition (2008)

Dysregulation of protein kinase A (PKA) activity, caused by loss of function mutations in PRKAR1A, is known to induce tumor formation in the inherited tumor syndrome Carney complex (CNC) and is also associated with sporadic tumors of the thyroid and adrenal. We have previously shown that Prkar1a(+/-) mice develop schwannomas reminiscent of those seen in CNC and that similar tumors are observed in tissue-specific knockouts (KO) of Prkar1a targeted to the neural crest. Within these tumors, we have previously described the presence of epithelial islands, although the nature of these structures was unclear. In this article, we report that these epithelial structures are derived from KO cells originating in the neural crest. Analysis of the mesenchymal marker vimentin revealed that this protein was markedly down-regulated not only from the epithelial islands, but also from the tumor as a whole, consistent with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). In vitro, Prkar1a null primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which display constitutive PKA signaling, also showed evidence for MET, with a loss of vimentin and up-regulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. Reduction of vimentin protein occurred at the posttranslational level and was rescued by proteasomal inhibition. Finally, this down-regulation of vimentin was recapitulated in the adrenal nodules of CNC patients, confirming an unexpected and previously unrecognized role for PKA in MET.
d-chiro-Inositol Ribophostin: A Highly Potent Agonist of d-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors: Synthesis and Biological Activities (2020)

Analogues of the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-releasing intracellular messenger d-<i>myo</i>-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [<b>1</b>, Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>] are important synthetic targets. Replacement of the α-glucopyranosyl motif in the natural product mimic adenophostin <b>2</b> by d-<i>chiro</i>-inositol in d-<i>chiro</i>-inositol adenophostin <b>4</b> increased the potency. Similar modification of the non-nucleotide Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> mimic ribophostin <b>6</b> may increase the activity. d-<i>chiro</i>-Inositol ribophostin <b>10</b> was synthesized by coupling as building blocks suitably protected ribose <b>12</b> with l-(+)-3-<i>O</i>-trifluoromethylsulfonyl-6-<i>O</i>-<i>p</i>-methoxybenzyl-1,2:4,5-di-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-<i>myo</i>-inositol <b>11</b>. Separable diastereoisomeric 3-<i>O</i>-camphanate esters of (±)-6-<i>O</i>-<i>p</i>-methoxy-benzyl-1,2:4,5-di-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-<i>myo</i>-inositol allowed the preparation of <b>11</b>. Selective <i>trans</i>-isopropylidene deprotection in coupled <b>13</b>, then monobenzylation gave separable regioisomers <b>15</b> and <b>16</b>. <i>p</i>-Methoxybenzyl group deprotection of <b>16</b>, phosphitylation/oxidation, then deprotection afforded <b>10</b>, which was a full agonist in Ca<sup>2+</sup>-release assays; its potency and binding affinity for Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>R were similar to those of adenophostin. Both <b>4</b> and <b>10</b> elicited a store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> current I<sub>CRAC</sub> in patch-clamped cells, unlike Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> consistent with resistance to metabolism. d-<i>chiro</i>-Inositol ribophostin is the most potent small-molecule Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> receptor agonist without a nucleobase yet synthesized.
Bcl-2 Family Proteins (1999)

Bcl-2 family proteins serve as critical regulators of pathways involved in apoptosis, acting to either inhibit or promote cell death. Because chemotherapeutic drugs typically exert their cytotoxic actions by inducing apoptosis, the ultimate efficacy of most anticancer drugs can be heavily influenced by the relative levels and state of activation of members of the Bcl-2 family. But how important are Bcl-2 family proteins in the overall complex picture of chemoresponses in cancer? Taking into consideration that such knowledge is far from complete, this chapter attempts to critically examine this question. It presents a discussion of some of the experimental and clinical observations that provide insights into the complexities of chemotherapeutic drug mechanisms and the role of Bcl-2 family proteins as modulators of tumor cell susceptibility to apoptosis.
172 A Critical Analysis of Sagittal Plane Deformity Correction With Minimally Invasive Surgery (2015)

INTRODUCTION: Sagittal plane realignment is critical to achieve desirable clinical outcomes in adult spinal deformity (ASD). Increasingly minimally invasive (MIS) techniques are being used to treat ASD. This study's objective was to evaluate circumferential MIS (cMIS) techniques and their ability to treat sagittal plane imbalance. METHODS: Multicenter database was queried for the following inclusion criteria: minimum 2-year follow-up, coronal cobb = 20°, SVA > 5 cm, or PT > 25°. Patients were stratified by SRS-Schwab global alignment modifier (GAM) as “Scoli,” “+,” or “++” depending on their preoperative sagittal plane deformity, and then analyzed for demographic, radiographic, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) measures. A “+” modifier denoted moderate and “++” denoted marked sagittal deformity whereas “Scoli” signified nonpathological sagittal alignment. RESULTS: Eighty-six of 91 potential patients had complete 2-year follow-up data (“Scoli” = 51, “+” = 21, and “++” = 14). The “Scoli” group was significantly younger than “++” group (mean 57.6 vs 70.5 years). There were no differences in baseline HRQoL and operative data. Postoperatively “Scoli” and “+” had improved Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) back and leg. “Scoli” group had no differences radiographically while “+” saw improvement in PI-LL mismatch (21.1°-15.4°; P = .025) and LL (33.6°-39.9°; P = .016). “++” had improvement in VAS back but not ODI, VAS leg, PT, PI-LL mismatch, SVA, LL. Of 51 patients in “Scoli,” 42 (81%) remained “Scoli,” 9 (17%) deteriorated (5 to “+,” 4 to “++”). Thirteen of 21 (61.9%) “+” patients remained “+” while 3 changed to “++,” and 5 to “Scoli.” Nine of 14 (64.3%) “++” patients remained “++,” 3 improved to “+” and 2 to “Scoli.” CONCLUSION: MIS techniques successfully treated patients with Scoli and “+” deformities with improved HRQoL. Patients with “++” showed less improvement clinically, and, as a sequela of fusion surgery, were left with a fixed sagittal plane deformity. These results suggest that with severe sagittal plane deformities, an open rather than MIS approach should be considered.