gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible strain control of magnetic anisotropy in magnetoelectric heterostructures at room temperature (2016)

The ability to tune both magnetic and electric properties in magnetoelectric (ME) composite heterostructures is crucial for multiple transduction applications including energy harvesting or magnetic field sensing, or other transduction devices. While large ME coupling achieved through interfacial strain-induced rotation of magnetic anisotropy in magnetostrictive/piezoelectric multiferroic heterostructures has been demonstrated, there are presently certain restrictions for achieving a full control of magnetism in an extensive operational dynamic range, limiting practical realization of this effect. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of generating substantial reversible anisotropy changes through induced interfacial strains driven by applied electric fields in magnetostrictive thin films deposited on (0 1 1)-oriented domain-engineered ternary relaxor ferroelectric single crystals with extended temperature and voltage ranges as compared to binary relaxors. We show, through a combination of angular magnetization and magneto-optical domain imaging measurements, that a 90° in-plane rotation of the magnetic anisotropy and propagation of magnetic domains with low applied electric fields under zero electric field bias are realized. To our knowledge, the present value attained for converse magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is the highest achieved in the linear piezoelectric regime and expected to be stable for a wide temperature range, thus representing a step towards practical ME transduction devices.
Click chemistry-assisted synthesis of triazolo linked podophyllotoxin conjugates as tubulin polymerization inhibitors (2017)

A series of new triazolo linked 4β-amidopodophyllotoxin conjugates (<b>9a-l</b>) were synthesized using click chemistry and evaluated for their antitumor activity against four human cancer cell lines. Among them, two compounds (<b>9c</b> and <b>9j</b>) showed significant anticancer activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.9 and 0.07 μM, respectively. Biological studies are conducted into the cell-cycle distribution of these conjugates inducing G2/M-phase arrest, apart from an increase in the levels of caspase-3 proteins, followed by apoptotic cell death. A tubulin polymerization assay analysis showed that these compounds effectively inhibit microtubule assembly in HeLa cells and, moreover, Hoechst 33258 and Immunohistochemistry staining suggest that these compounds induce cell death by apoptosis. The docking studies showed that compounds <b>9c</b> and <b>9j</b> interact and bind efficiently with the tubulin protein at the colchicine site.
Discovery and hit-to-lead evaluation of piperazine amides as selective, state-dependent NaV1.7 inhibitors (2016)

Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 is a particularly compelling target for the treatment of pain. Herein, we report the discovery and evaluation of a series of piperazine amides that exhibit state-dependent inhibition of Na<sub>V</sub>1.7. After demonstrating significant pharmacodynamic activity with early lead compound <b>14</b> in a Na<sub>V</sub>1.7-dependent behavioural mouse model, we systematically established SAR trends throughout each sector of the scaffold. The information gleaned from this modular analysis was then applied additively to quickly access analogues that encompass an optimal balance of properties, including Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 potency, selectivity over Na<sub>V</sub>1.5, aqueous solubility, and microsomal stability.
Tandem-Bisalkylation of 2-Trialkylsilyl-1,3-dithiane: A New Sequential Transformation for the Synthesis of C2-Symmetrical Enantiopure 1,5-Diols and β,β′-Dihydroxyketones as well as of Enantiopure 1,3,5-Triols (1994)

The synthesis of C2-symmetrical enantiopure 1,5-diols and 3-oxo-1,5-diols as well as of enantiopure 1,3,5-triols by a new tandem-reaction consisting of a bisalkylation of lithiated 2-trialkylsilyl-1,3-dithiane with epoxides in the presence of a crown ether is described.
A DNA nanoscope that identifies and precisely localizes over a hundred unique molecular features with nanometer accuracy (2020)

Abstract Techniques that can both spatially map out molecular features and discriminate many targets would be highly valued for their utility in studying fundamental nanoscale processes. In spite of decades of development, no current technique can achieve both nanoscale resolution and discriminate hundreds of targets. Here, we report the development of a novel bottom-up technology that: (a) labels a sample with DNA barcodes, (b) measures pairwise-distances between labeled sites and writes them into DNA molecules, (c) reads the pairwise-distances by sequencing and (d) robustly integrates this noisy information to reveal the geometry of the underlying sample. We demonstrate our technology on DNA origami, which are complex synthetic nanostructures. We both spatially localized and uniquely identified over a hundred densely packed unique elements, some spaced just 6 nm apart, with an average spatial localization accuracy (RMS deviation) of ~2 nm. The bottom-up, sequencing-enabled mechanism of the DNA nanoscope is fundamentally different from top-down imaging, and hence offers unique advantages in precision, throughput and accessibility.
A novel Pt-AlGaN/GaN heterostructure Schottky diode gas sensor on Si (2003)

SUMMARY Schottky gas sensors of CO were fabricated using high quality AlGaN/GaN/Si heterostructures.The CO sensors show good sensitivity in the temperature range of 250 to 300 ◦ C (530%, at 160 ppm CO in N2) and fast response comparable with SnO2 sensors.A two-region linear regime was observed for the dependence of sensitivity on CO concentration.GaN sensors on Si substrate offer the possibility of integration with Si based electronics.The gas sensors show slow response with time, the change of material properties possibly in the presence of large
Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Conjugate Addition of Simple Alkenes to Enones (2009)

A direct conjugate addition of simple alkenes to enones has been achieved in the presence of a Ni(0)/PCy(3) catalyst.
Silica-Grafted Borato Cocatalysts for Olefin Polymerization Modeled by Silsesquioxane−Borato Complexes (2000)

The syntheses and reactivity studies of silsesquioxane−borato complexes are described. Treatment of B(C6F5)3 with (c-C5H9)7Si8O12(OH) and (c-C5H9)7Si7O9(OH)3 in the presence of a Brønsted base yields the silsesquioxane−borates X+{[(c-C5H9)7Si8O13]B(C6F5)3}- (1a, X+ = PhN(H)Me2+; 1b, X+ = Et3NH+) and X+{[(c-C5H9)7Si7(OH)2O10]B(C6F5)3}- (1b, X+ = PhN(H)Me2+; 2b, X+ = Et3NH+), respectively. When the more nucleophilic base pyridine is used, (C6F5)3B·NC5H5 (3) is formed instead, demonstrating the competition between B(C6F5)3 and H+ to react with the amine. The dimethylaniline in 1a and 2a is readily exchanged by NEt3 to form 1b and 2b. With the nucleophilic Lewis base NC5H5, the B−O bond in 1a and 2a is split, yielding (C6F5)3B·NC5H5 (3) and the free silsesquioxanes. Complexes 1 and 2 rapidly undergo hydrolysis under formation of the hydroxyl complexes X+{(C6F5)3BOH}- (4a, X+ = PhN(H)Me2+; 4b, X+ = Et3NH+). Likewise, alcoholysis of 1a and 2a with i-PrOH yields the alkoxide {PhN(H)Me2}+{i-PrOB(C6F5)3}- (5). The B−O bond is only moderately stable toward early-transition-metal alkyls. Nevertheless, Cp2Zr(CH2Ph)2 + 1a and Zr(CH2Ph)4 + 2a form single-site ethylene polymerization catalysts. Detailed reactivity studies demonstrated that both B−O and B−C bond splitting plays a crucial role, as not 1a and 2a, but their decomposition product B(C6F5)3 is the actual cocatalyst. The solid-state structures of 1a and 4b were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Eu‐concentration dependence of optical and scintillation properties for Eu‐doped SrF2 single crystals (2012)

Abstract Some Eu‐doped scintillators, such as Eu:SrI 2 , emit around 400‐nm wavelength that originates from 5d‐4f transition of Eu 2+ , while some Eu‐doped crystals have emissions from Eu 3+ (f‐f emission). In this report, effect of Eu‐doping on optical and scintillation properties of SrF 2 crystals with Core‐valence luminescence is discussed. The samples had 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mol% of Eu and were grown by an annealing method. As a result, 5 D 0 ‐ 7 F i (i =1, 2) transition (Eu 3+ ) was detected in the SrF 2 , containing over 0.5 mol% of Eu, while emission from 0.1 and 0.2‐mol% Eu:SrF 2 originated from 5d‐4f transition of Eu 2+ and Core‐valence luminescence. The light output of SrF 2 doped with 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mol% Eu was estimated to be 13,000 ± 1,000, 12,000 ± 1,000, 13,000 ± 2,000, 8,000 ± 1,000 and 7,000 ± 1,000 photons/MeV, respectively. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of USCD Columns By Modified Compression Theory (2002)

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Diffusion anormale dans les poreux. Etude expérimentale, de modélisation et de simulation (2009)

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Nucleosides. 136. Synthesis and antiviral effects of several 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-alkyluracils. Some structure-activity relationships (1986)

In order to study structure-activity relationships between antiherpetic activity and the size of the C-5 alkyl substituents of 2'-fluoro-ara-U derivatives, six new nucleosides (1c-h) were synthesized. The 5-allyl analogue 1c was prepared by a Pd(II)-catalyzed reaction of 5-(chloromercuri)-1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil with allyl chloride. Partial hydrogenation of 1c afforded the 5-n-propyl derivative 1d (FPAU). Nucleosides 1e-h were obtained by condensation of 3-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinosyl bromide with the corresponding 5-substituted uracils. Preliminary in vitro data show that, as the alkyl side chain is increased by one carbon unit, the antiherpetic potency is decreased by approximately 1 log order. The cytotoxicity also diminishes as the size of the 5-substituent is increased. FPAU exerts good activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. FiPAU still shows good therapeutic indices, whereas the higher alkyl analogues are essentially inactive.
Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems (2014)

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.
Electrochemical synthesis of CdTe nanocrystal/polypyrrole composites for optoelectronic applications (2000)

Electrochemical polymerisation has been found to be a convenient method for the synthesis of a thin film composite of a conducting polymer (polypyrrole) and strongly luminescent CdTe semiconductor nanocrystals. Optimal conditions (relatively low anodic potential, neutral pH, aqueous solution) for the synthesis of uniform high-quality films combining the mechanical, electrical and optical properties of the polymer with the luminescence properties of the semiconductor nanocrystals have been established. It has been shown that insertion of the CdTe nanoparticles into the polypyrrole matrix leads to a significant increase in their electroluminescence quantum efficiency.
Simulation Performance of WAVE System with Combined DD-CE and LMMSE Smoothing Scheme in Small-Scale Fading Models (2010)

This paper investigates the performance of IEEE 802.11p wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) system in small-scale fading models reported by Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). We redesign the small-scale fading models to be applied to the computer simulation and develop the IEEE 802.11p WAVE physical layer simulator to provide the bit error rate and packet error rate performances. Moreover, a new channel estimator using decision directed channel estimation and linear minimum mean square error smoothing is proposed in order to improve the performance of the conventional least square channel estimator using two identical long training symbols. The simulation results are satisfactorily coincident with the scenarios of Georgia Tech report, and the proposed channel estimator significantly outperforms the conventional channel estimator.
Mutation in gelsolin gene in Finnish hereditary amyloidosis. (1990)

Familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF), is an autosomal dominant form of familial amyloid polyneuropathy. The novel amyloid fibril protein found in these patients is a degradation fragment of gelsolin, an actin-binding protein. We found a mutation (adenine for guanine) at nucleotide 654 of the gelsolin gene in genomic DNA isolated from five FAF patients. This site is polymorphic since the normal allele was also present in all the patients tested. This mutation was not found in two unaffected family members and 11 normal controls. The A for G transition causes an amino acid substitution (asparagine for aspartic acid) that was found at position 15 of the amyloid protein. The mutation and consequent amino acid substitution may lead to the development of FAF.
Digital Amplitude Modulation (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Modulation and Demodulation The OFDM Transmission Technique Channel Coding Aspects Performance
Management System Design for Sustainable Excellence: Framework, Practices and Considerations (2012)

Building on practice, action research, and theory, this paper presents a framework and approach for the design of management systems that create sustainable value for multiple stakeholders. This positive approach to design builds on a foundation of Baldrige-based performance excellence concepts and principles and integrates aspects of systems theory, design thinking, appreciative inquiry, and sustainability to design management systems that integrate the perspectives of economic, environmental, and social stakeholders. The design framework, practices, and considerations originally emerged from practice and action research and were refined at the Monfort Institute applications lab using action research methods enhanced with selected case study practices. The purpose of this paper is to provide new insights on the process and practices of management system design to help practitioners design custom leadership and management systems, as well as provide new insights for academic researchers interested in advancing the theory of management by design. Examples and experiences are included to illustrate key concepts related to the “art and science” of management system design.
Human Endothelial Cell Activation by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Is Mediated by TNF and IL-1β Secondarily to Activation of C5 and CD14 in Whole Blood (2016)

Endothelial cells (EC) play a central role in inflammation. E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression are essential for leukocyte recruitment and are good markers of EC activation. Most studies of EC activation are done in vitro using isolated mediators. The aim of the present study was to examine the relative importance of pattern recognition systems and downstream mediators in bacteria-induced EC activation in a physiological relevant human model, using EC incubated with whole blood. HUVEC were incubated with human whole blood. Escherichia coli- and Staphylococcus aureus-induced EC activation was measured by E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression using flow cytometry. The mAb 18D11 was used to neutralize CD14, and the lipid A analog eritoran was used to block TLR4/MD2. C5 cleavage was inhibited using eculizumab, and C5aR1 was blocked by an antagonist. Infliximab and canakinumab were used to neutralize TNF and IL-1β. The EC were minimally activated when bacteria were incubated in serum, whereas a substantial EC activation was seen when the bacteria were incubated in whole blood. E. coli-induced activation was largely CD14-dependent, whereas S. aureus mainly caused a C5aR1-mediated response. Combined CD14 and C5 inhibition reduced E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression by 96 and 98% for E. coli and by 70 and 75% for S. aureus. Finally, the EC activation by both bacteria was completely abolished by combined inhibition of TNF and IL-1β. E. coli and S. aureus activated EC in a CD14- and C5-dependent manner with subsequent leukocyte secretion of TNF and IL-1β mediating the effect.
A Monte-Carlo model for time-resolved fluorescence from a two-layered turbid medium (2003)

A Monte-Carlo model capable of simulating time-resolved excitation and fluorescence photon flights within a stratified, two-layered turbid medium is described. The simulation is used to model time-resolved fluorescence from epithelial tissues containing distinct fluorophores in each layer.
Single Bath Full Bleaching of Flax Fibers Using an Activated Sodium Chlorite/Hexamethylene Tetramine System (2005)

Abstract A novel chemical formulation for bleaching flax fibers (machine tow) in one-step process was established. The process is based on activation of sodium chlorite by hexamethylene tetramine (HMTA) in the presence of a nonionic wetting agent. The factors affecting the bleaching such as HMTA concentration, temperature, and duration of the treatment were studied to optimize the bleaching conditions. The bleached flax fibers were assessed for critical properties; namely, whiteness index, loss in fiber weight, tensile strength, carboxyl groups, and carbonyl groups. Based on the results obtained the optimum formulation for bleaching the flax fibers is consisting of: [NaClO2] = 5 g/l, [HMTA] = 0.25 g/l and [wetting agent] = 1 g/l provided that bleaching is carried out at 90°C for 3 hrs using a material-to-liquor ratio (M/L) of 1:50. For comparison purposes, different types of flax fibers; namely, grey, card, and waste fibers were bleached under the optimum bleaching conditions of the machine tow flax fibers, and their properties after bleaching were also examined. Furthermore, tentative mechanisms for the reactions involved in bleaching using NaClO2/HMTA system were suggested. It seems that, when the optimum formulation was used, HMTA activates decomposition of NaClO2 to mainly liberate nascent oxygen rather than chlorine dioxide.
Predictors of sputum and BAL eosinophilia in the Wessex Severe Asthma Cohort (2017)

<b>Background:</b> In severe asthma, the presence of airway eosinophilia is a key “treatable trait”. Airway eosinophilia may be proximal or distal, however work on predictors of airway eosinophilia have focussed on the proximal compartment which is less invasive to sample. The Wessex Severe Asthma Cohort (WSAC) included 342 severe asthmatics for detailed phenotyping, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum induction in some participants. We aimed to use data from WSAC to determine the most accurate non-invasive predictor of eosinophilia in participants with severe asthma. <b>Method:</b> Severe asthmatics in WSAC were included if they underwent BAL or successful sputum induction. The value of Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophil count and periostin in predicting sputum or BAL eosinophilia (3% or 1% respectively) were assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. <b>Results:</b> All three measures were more accurate at predicting BAL than sputum eosinophilia. FeNO demonstrated a higher predictive value than the other measures in both compartments. Optimal thresholds were similar across compartments for FeNO but more divergent for periostin and blood. <b>Conclusion:</b> Within this cohort, FeNO was the strongest predictor of sputum or BAL eosinophilia. All factors assessed were stronger at predicting BAL eosinophilia than sputum.
Analysis of 141 Epilepsy Related Genes Using Next Generation Sequencing in 390 Patients (P5.154) (2016)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and type of mutations of 141 epilepsy related genes in 390 individuals referred to a commercial clinical laboratory for testing. BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a common, clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by recurrent seizures. The molecular diagnosis of epilepsy is critical for assessing recurrence risk in subsequent pregnancies and may guide antiepileptic therapies. Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) allows for the simultaneous evaluation of many relevant epilepsy genes and may aid in the identification of a genetic etiology. DESIGN/METHODS: In-solution hybridization and NGS was used to analyze 141 epilepsy related genes (panel 1) in a cohort of 187 specimens and 36 genes (panel 2) associated with generalized or partial seizures, myoclonic, absence or recurrent febrile seizures in another cohort of 203 specimens. NGS results were analyzed with a threshold of a mean per-base coverage depth of ≥30X and per-base minimum coverage depth of ≥20X. Pathogenicity assessments of detected variants were performed using a published, rules-based DNA variant scoring system. RESULTS: Dominant pathogenic variants across 12 genes (panel 1) were identified in 10.2[percnt] (n=19/187) of specimens. The majority of specimens (85.6[percnt]; 160/187) harbored variants of uncertain significance (VUS). 4.3[percnt] (8/187) were carrier of a recessive pathogenic variant. Additionally, pathogenic variants (dominant and recessive) from 8 genes (panel 2) were identified in 9.9[percnt] (20/203) of specimens. Again, the majority of specimens (66.0[percnt]; 134/203) had VUS or benign/likely benign variants (23.7[percnt]; 48/203) with only one carrying a recessive pathogenic variant (0.5[percnt]; 1/203). The majority of pathogenic variants were found in pediatric cases in both genetic panels. CONCLUSIONS: Phenotype-driven multigene panels for epilepsy identified a genetic etiology in a substantial number of cases. The high frequency of VUS underscores the need for pre- and post-test genetic counseling for patients and their families.
Pre-Existing Conditions (2009)

傷害疾病保険契約には，保険者の責任開始前（契約前）に原因がある高度障害状態ないし入院等に対する保険給付を制限する規定が設けられている。この契約前発病不担保条項については，告知義務制度で採用されている保険者と保険契約者の利益調整が，同条項の適用にあたっても配慮されるかが主たる争点とされてきた。保険法制定の過程では，同条項に制約を設ける立法の新設も検討されたが，それは実現せず，従前同様，その制約は解釈に委ねられることになった。同条項の制約にあたっては，解釈上，告知義務規定を類推適用するのではなく，告知義務規定その他保険法の規定の精神を信義則に反映して制約をかけることが妥当である。典型的には，契約者に知られていない危険について不担保とされる場合，契約者に知られている危険が告知されたが契約前発病不担保となることの十分な説明がなされなかった場合で不担保とされる場合に，その制約が検討される。
Structure of mouse Mx1 protein. Molecular assembly and GTP-dependent conformational change (1993)

Mouse Mx1 protein is an interferon-inducible nuclear protein and confers resistance to influenza virus infection. The Mx1 protein purified from interferon-induced A2G mouse liver exhibited GTPase activity as did the Mx1 protein purified from the Mx1 cDNA-expressing Escherichia coli (Nakayama, M., Nagata, K., Kato, A., and Ishihama, A. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 21404-21408; Nakayama, M., Nagata, K., and Ishihama, A. (1992) Virus Res. 22, 227-234). The Mx1 protein purified from both mouse liver and Mx1-cDNA expressing E. coli was found to exist as assembled polymeric states judged from gel filtration pattern. By making a set of deletion derivatives of the Mx1 cDNA, the main motif for self-assembly of the Mx1 protein was mapped between amino acid residues 51-99. This motif is highly conserved not only in the Mx family of proteins but also in Mx-related proteins. The polymeric form of Mx1 from E. coli was observed as "horseshoe"-like structure by negative staining microscopy. When the Mx1 protein was incubated with GTP, this horseshoe structure was transformed to larger and tightly stacked helical forms. Electron microscopic analysis of immunostained liver of the interferon-induced mice indicated that the Mx1 protein exists in nuclei, forming giant complexes of about half the size of nucleoli.