gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical RTA in Tight Unconventionals (2021)

Abstract We extend the numerically-assisted RTA workflow proposed by Bowie and Ewert (2020) to (a) all fluid systems and (b) finite conductivity fractures. The simple, fully-penetrating planar fracture model proposed is a useful numerical symmetry element model that provides the basis for the work presented in this paper. Results are given for simulated and field data. The linear flow parameter (LFP) is modified to include porosity (LFPꞌ=LFP√φ). The original (surface) oil in place (OOIP) is generalized to represent both reservoir oil and reservoir gas condensate systems, using a consistent initial total formation volume factor definition (Bti) representing the ratio of a reservoir HCPV containing surface oil in a reservoir oil phase, a reservoir gas phase, or both phases. With known (a) well geometry, (b) fluid initialization (PVT and water saturation), (c) relative permeability relations, and (d) bottomhole pressure (BHP) time variation (above and below saturation pressure), three fundamental relationships exist in terms of LFPꞌ and OOIP. Numerical reservoir simulation is used to define these relationships, providing the foundation for numerical RTA, namely that wells: (1) with the same value of LFPꞌ, the gas, oil and water surface rates will be identical during infinite-acting (IA) behavior; (2) with the same ratio LFPꞌ/OOIP, producing GOR and water cut behavior will be identical for all times, IA and boundary dominated (BD); and (3) with the same values of LFPꞌ and OOIP, rate performance of gas, oil, and water be identical for all times, IA and BD. These observations lead to an efficient, semi-automated process to perform rigorous RTA, assisted by a symmetry element numerical model. The numerical RTA workflow proposed by Bowie and Ewert solves the inherent problems associated with complex superposition and multiphase flow effects involving time and spatial changes in pressure, compositions and PVT properties, saturations, and complex phase mobilities. The numerical RTA workflow decouples multiphase flow data (PVT, initial saturations and relative permeabilities) from well geometry and petrophysical properties (L, xf, h, nf, φ, k), providing a rigorous yet efficient and semi-automated approach to define production performance for many wells. Contributions include a technical framework to perform numerical RTA for unconventional wells, irrespective of fluid type. A suite of key diagnostic plots associated with the workflow is provided, with synthetic and field examples used to illustrate the application of numerical simulation to perform rigorous RTA. Semi-analytical models, time, and spatial superposition (convolution), pseudopressure and pseudotime transforms are not required.
High‐Contrast Fluorescence Detection of Metastatic Breast Cancer Including Bone and Liver Micrometastases via Size‐Controlled pH‐Activatable Water‐Soluble Probes (2017)

Breast cancer metastasis is the major cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Early detection would save many lives, but current fluorescence imaging probes are limited in their detection ability, particularly of bone and liver micrometastases. Herein, probes that are capable of imaging tiny (<1 mm) micrometastases in the liver, lung, pancreas, kidneys, and bone, that have disseminated from the primary site, are reported. The influence of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain length on the performance of water-soluble, pH-responsive, near-infrared 4,4'-diﬂuoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) probes is systematically investigated to demonstrate that PEG tuning can provide control over micrometastasis tracking with high tumor-to-background contrast (up to 12/1). Optimized probes can effectively visualize tumor boundaries and successfully detect micrometastases with diameters <1 mm. The bone-metastasis-targeting ability of these probes is further enhanced by covalent functionalization with bisphosphonate. This improved detection of both bone and liver micrometastases (<2 mm) with excellent tumor-to-normal contrast (5.2/1). A versatile method is thus introduced to directly synthesize modular water-soluble probes with broad potential utility. Through a single intravenous injection, these materials can image micrometastases in multiple organs with spatiotemporal resolution. They thus hold promise for metastasis diagnosis, image-guided surgery, and theranostic PEGylated drug therapies.
Identification of Darmstoff Analogues as Selective Agonists and Antagonists of Iysophosphatidic Acid Receptors. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterization of Reservoir Heterogeneity Through Fluid Movement Monitoring With Deep Electromagnetic and Pressure Measurements (2010)

Summary This paper presents a novel technique to characterize detailed formation heterogeneity for a carbonate reservoir using measurements from electrode resistivity array (ERA), a wireline formation tester, and a permanent downhole pressure sensor. The ERA was installed on tubing in a barefoot well rather than permanently cemented outside the casing as in previous applications. This notable difference provided flexibility for device installation and operation but also introduced particular issues in the ERA data acquisition and interpretation. Furthermore, the ERA measurements were carried out in conjunction with low-salinity water injection and oil and water production in the same well. The primary finding presented in this paper is that the time-lapse ERA voltages near a source electrode showed unique characteristics that represented local formation heterogeneity. This localized sensitivity of ERA data allows detailed characterization of the formation heterogeneity within the length of the ERA string in the vertical direction and about 100 ft laterally around the wellbore. The scale size of the investigated formation heterogeneity is comparable to typical grid sizes used in current reservoir simulations. Models were developed to identify stratified permeability heterogeneities from the time-lapse ERA voltages. The stratified heterogeneity estimated from the ERA measurements was compared to and verified by openhole logs and core analyses data. The final heterogeneous reservoir model from the ERA was subsequently applied to a numerical simulation that integrated the dynamic fluid flow, salt transport, and electrode array responses for monitoring water-front movement and estimating multiphase formation properties. The history matching of the time-lapse ERA data confirmed the first pass estimates of the identified heterogeneities.
Ultrasonic Imaging System Using Spatial and Temporal M-Sequences (1979)

A new ultrasonic imaging system combining temporal modulation of the ultrasonic signal by an M-sequence with spatial modulation of the wave field by a rotating M-sequence phase disk has been developed. This system uses neither beam forming nor transducer scanning, and has high resolution both in range and azimuth. The correlation function of the temporal M-sequence determines the range resolution, while the azimuth resolution is determined by the configuration of the rotating M-sequence phase disk. The use of the M-sequence modulations also results in images with high signal-to-noise ratio.
P2‐044: Vagus nerve stimulation restores cognitive function impaired by chronic obese‐insulin resistant rats (2015)

Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption is one of the major causes of obesity and insulin resistance. Our previous studies demonstrated that chronic HFD caused not only peripheral insulin resistance, but also brain insulin resistance, brain mitochondrial dysfunction and the cognitive impairment. Recently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy in patients with treatment-resistant depression demonstrated the beneficial effects on the improvement of insulin sensitivity. However, the effect of chronic VNS therapy on brain insulin sensitivity, brain mitochondrial function, and cognition in obese-insulin resistant subjects has never been investigated. The present study determined whether chronic VNS therapy provides the protective effects on cognitive function through restoring brain insulin sensitivity and brain mitochondrial function. Sixteen male rats (180-200 g) were fed HFD for 12 weeks. At week 12, all rats developed obesity and insulin resistance with associated cognitive impairment and were randomized into 2 groups: Control (sham-operated, no VNS) and Therapy (VNS [1 mA, 20 Hz, right cervical vagus] for another 12 weeks). At 24 weeks, cognitive function was assessed using the Morris Water Maze test. Venous blood samples were collected to determine lipid profiles, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Subsequently, animals were sacrificed and brain was removed to determine brain insulin sensitivity via measuring insulin-induced long term depression (insulin-induced LTD) and brain mitochondrial function. Treatment Group (12-week VNS) showed decreased visceral fat (35.32 ± 1.68 g. in sham vs. 24.34 ± 3.10 g. in VNS, p<0.05), improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA index: 30.93 ± 10.85 in sham vs.18.12 ± 2.37 in VNS, p<0.05), improved brain insulin sensitivity, improved brain mitochondrial function by decreased ROS production (446 ± 139 au. in sham vs. 121 ± 66 au. in VNS, p<0.05), mitochondrial depolarization and swelling, and alleviated the cognitive impairment (Figure 1), when compared with the control (sham) group. These findings suggest that VNS attenuates cognitive decline in obese-insulin resistant subjects by restoring brain mitochondrial function and brain insulin sensitivity.
Diastolic function measurements and diagnostic consequences: a comparison of pulsed wave- and color-coded tissue Doppler imaging (2010)

Despite a strong correlation, tissue velocities measured with PW-TDI will yield higher values as compared with CC-TDI. This should be taken into account when defining cut-off values for the evaluation of diastolic function.
Pb‐Based Nanocomposite Anodes: New High‐Performance Pb‐Based Nanocomposite Anode Enabled by Wide‐Range Pb Redox and Zintl Phase Transition (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2021) (2021)

The tremendous growth in Li-ion batteries puts pressure on supply chains leading to the need to invest in recyclable processes. In article number 2005362, Eungje Lee, Seong-Min Bak, and co-workers synthesize a potentially recyclable lead-based anode (Pb anode) via high-energy ball-milling production of a self-limiting oxide coated lead core embedded within a carbon matrix. Electrochemical cycling performance is good, demonstrating 500 mAhg−1 with over 92% retention at 100 cycles.
CONTOURS ACTIFS GEODESIQUES ET A MODELES CONTRAINTS POUR LE SUIVI DES ORAGES DANS UN CONTEXTE MULTISENSEUR : RADAR, INTERFEROMETRE VHF, SATELLITE IR (1997)

The aim of this study is to perform a short term nowcasting of thunderstorm evolution (shape and position). Motion-based seg- mentation of atmospheric phenomenon allows to detect the dyna- mic ones. These dynamic thunderstorms can be tracked by means of adapted algorithms based on new techniques such as front pro- pagation combined with model-constrained active contour for deformation prediction and topological change adaptation. The efficiency of our methods will be demonstrated on multisensor atmospheric images : radar, VHF interferometer and optical ima- ges. This application has two objectives : dynamic m ilitary radar management and civil traffic regulation according to atmospheric phenomenon. Resume Nous decrivons dans cet article une nouvelle methode de suivi dynamique des orages a partir de donnees multisenseurs. La prediction a court terme d'evolution des phenomenes atmosphe- riques en position et en forme est assuree par une methode de contour actif a modele contraint (modele affine complet) qui permet d'identifier les parametres de deformation. Les change- ments de topologie des phenomenes atmospheriques sont geres par la mise en œuvre d'une technique de front de propagation ou contour actif geodesique. L'objectif de cette nouvelle fonction- nalite est double : optimisation dynamique de la gestion radar dans un cadre militaire et gestion optimale des flux aeriens dans un cadre civil.
Ultra high power Ytterbium fiber lasers (2004)

The current high power material processing market is currently dominated by CO2 and solid state Nd:Yag Lasers. From 1970 to 2000 the output powers from these devices, have grown to over 10,000 watts for CO2 and 4000 watts for Nd:YAG lasers. In comparison, the first fiber lasers were introduced in 1990 and in a very short timeframe have grown to power outputs over 10,000 watts with projected outputs of 100,000 watts by 2005.
CHAMELEON: A Dynamically Reconfigurable Heterogeneous Memory System (2018)

Modern computing systems and applications have growing demand for memories with higher bandwidth. This demand can be alleviated using fast, large on-die or die-stacked memories. They are typically used with traditional DRAM as part of a heterogeneous memory system and used either as a DRAM cache or as a hardware-or OS-managed part of memory (PoM). Caches adapt rapidly to application needs and typically provide higher performance but reduce the total OS-visible memory capacity. PoM architectures increase the total OS-visible memory capacity but exhibit additional overheads due to swapping large blocks of data between fast and slow memory. In this paper, we propose Chameleon, a hybrid architecture that bridges the gap between cache and PoM architectures. When applications need a large memory, Chameleon uses both fast and slow memories as PoM, maximizing the available space for the application. When the application's footprint is smaller than the total physical memory capacity, Chameleon opportunistically uses free space in the system as a hardware-managed cache. Chameleon is a hardware-software co-designed system where the OS notifies the hardware of pages that are allocated or freed, and hardware decides on switching memory regions between PoM-and cache-modes dynamically. Based on our evaluation of multi-programmed workloads on a system with 4GB fast memory and 20GB slow memory, Chameleon improves the average performance by 11.6% over PoM and 24.2% over a latency-optimized cache.
Inflammatory pathway analytes predicting rapid cognitive decline in MCI stage of Alzheimer’s disease (2020)

Baseline levels of immune cell chemotactic cytokine CCL2 in the CSF and IL-10 pathway dysregulation impact longitudinal cognitive and functional decline in MCI-AD. CCL2's utility appears comparable to biomarkers of neurodegeneration in predicting rapid decline.
Crowd IQ (2012)

We measure crowdsourcing performance based on a standard IQ questionnaire, and examine Amazon's Mechanical Turk (AMT) performance under different conditions. These include variations of the payment amount offered, the way incorrect responses affect workers' reputations, threshold reputation scores of participating AMT workers, and the number of workers per task. We show that crowds composed of workers of high reputation achieve higher performance than low reputation crowds, and the effect of the amount of payment is non-monotone---both paying too much and too little affects performance. Furthermore, higher performance is achieved when the task is designed such that incorrect responses can decrease workers' reputation scores. Using majority vote to aggregate multiple responses to the same task can significantly improve performance, which can be further boosted by dynamically allocating workers to tasks in order to break ties.
De Novo Peptide Sequencing by Nanoelectrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry Using Triple Quadrupole and Quadrupole/Time-of-Flight Instruments (2003)

Recent developments in technology and instrumentation have made mass spectrometry the method of choice for the identification of gel-separated proteins using rapidly growing sequence databases (1). Proteins with a full-length sequence present in a database can be identified with high certainty and high throughput using the accurate masses obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry peptide mapping (2). Simple protein mixtures can also be deciphered by MALDI peptide mapping (3) and the entire identification process, starting from in-gel digestion (4) and finishing with acquisition of mass spectra and database search, can be automated (5). Only 1–3% of a total digest are consumed for MALDI analysis even if the protein of interest is present on a gel in a subpicomole amount. If no conclusive identification is achieved by MALDI peptide mapping, the remaining protein digest can be analyzed by nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry (Nano ESI-MS/MS) (6). Nano ESI-MS/MS produces data that allow highly specific database searches so that proteins that are only partially present in a database, or relevant clones in an EST database, can be identified (7). It is important to point out that there is no need to determine the complete sequence of peptides in order to search a database-a short sequence stretch consisting of three to four amino acid residues provides enough search specificity when combined with the mass of the intact peptide and the masses of corresponding fragment ions in a peptide sequence tag (8) (see Subheading 3.4.).
Esmolol for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia (1990)

We wish to report our experience with esmolol hydrochloride for the treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in four patients. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical report of esmolol used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias
The IBM Blue Gene/Q interconnection network and message unit (2011)

This is the first paper describing the IBM Blue Gene/Q interconnection network and message unit. The Blue Gene/Q system is the third generation in the IBM Blue Gene line of massively parallel supercomputers. The Blue Gene/Q architecture can be scaled to 20 PF/s and beyond. The network and the highly parallel message unit, which provides the functionality of a network interface, are integrated onto the same chip as the processors and cache memory, and consume 8% of the chip's area. For better application scalability and performance, we describe new routing algorithms and new techniques to parallelize the injection and reception of packets in the network interface. Measured hardware performance results are also presented.
Contribution of purine nucleotide cycle to intranephron ammoniagenesis in rats (1988)

To evaluate the contribution of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC) in renal ammoniagenesis, ammonia production (AP) in cortical tubular suspensions and microdissected nephron segments of control and acidotic rats was determined using various amino acids, including glutamine (Gln) and aspartate (Asp). In the cortical tubular suspensions, the best substrate for ammoniagenesis was Gln (153.1 +/- 19.4 nmol.mg protein-1.15 min-1) followed by Asp (70.9 +/- 11.4). Metabolic acidosis resulted in a significant increase of AP only from Gln (316.5 +/- 36.1 nmol.mg protein-1.15 min-1, P less than 0.01 vs. control). Intranephron distribution of AP (pmol/mm or a glomerulus/15 min) from Gln showed that the first segment of the proximal tubule (S1) was highest in control (95.7 +/- 9.0), and its AP markedly increased in acidosis (221.6 +/- 8.3, P less than 0.001 vs. control). The most interesting and striking finding was that with Asp as a substrate, AP was maximal in S1 (165.0 +/- 32.8), with a value exceeding that from Gln. An adenylosuccinase inhibitor, 6-mercaptopurine (0.1 mM), significantly inhibited AP from Asp in S1 and S3, and from Gln in S1. On the contrary, a specific inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, 3-mercaptopicolinate (0.1 mM), caused a significant decrease of AP from Gln, but not from Asp, in S1. From these results it could be concluded that AP via PNC can occur at high rates, especially in S1, only when Asp is present at high concentrations.
Highly Sensitive NH3 Detection Based on Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as Receptor (2012)

We have increased organic field-effect transistor (OFET) NH(3) response using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFB) as a receptor. OFETs with this additive could detect concentrations of 450 ppb v/v, with a limit of detection of 350 ppb, the highest sensitivity reported to date for semiconductor films; in comparison, when triphenylmethane (TPM) or triphenylborane (TFB) was used as an additive, no obvious improvement in the sensitivity was observed. These OFETs also showed considerable selectivity with respect to common organic vapors and stability toward storage. Furthermore, excellent memory of exposure was achieved by keeping the exposed devices in a sealed container stored at -30 °C, the first such capability demonstrated with OFETs.
Ablation Strategies in Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definition of atrial fibrillation Surgical origins of catheter ablation strategies for atrial fibrillation From linear ablation to pulmonary vein isolation Expansion of left atrial targets in chronic atrial fibrillation Results of techniques incorporating novel ablation targets Stepwise ablation approach for chronic atrial fibrillation Technique of stepwise ablation The importance of discrete anatomic sites for termination of atrial fibrillation Cumulative benefits of the stepwise approach Atrial fibrillation inducibility testing Acute procedural outcome Arrhythmia recurrence post catheter ablation Effects of catheter ablation on atrial electrical and mechanical properties Factors predictive of procedural AF termination Future directions for ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation Conclusion References
Density Functional Theory Study of the Isomers of C6N (2002)

Using large-scale basis sets and the B3LYP hybrid functional, the structures of linear and cyclic isomers of C6N have been studied. The lowest energy conformer is the linear, nitrogen-terminated structure in the 2Π electronic state. Surprisingly, the next lowest-lying isomer is a cyclic structure consisting of a cyclopropane ring and a C3N chain. The ionization energy, electron affinity, and equilibrium dipole moment for the linear ground state are 9.07 eV, 3.55 eV, and 0.69 D, respectively. Harmonic frequencies were determined for the lowest energy structures. In the linear ground-state clusters, the bonding tends toward cumulenic, rather than polyacetylenic as in the odd-carbon molecules of similar length.
Scanning probe measurements on a magnetic bead biosensor (2007)

We experimentally demonstrate the sensitivity of an integrated detection scheme for small superparamagnetic beads, intended for medical diagnostic applications. Detection is based on the giant magnetoresistance effect of a 100×3μm2 magnetic multilayer strip. A conductive wire to magnetize the superparamagnetic beads is integrated on the same substrate. By scanning a single bead over the wires and sensor strip using an atomic force microscope, we simultaneously measure topography and sensor resistivity in a three-dimensional volume above the sensor. The observations can be explained well by means of the macroscopically measured sensor resistivity curve and the magnetization of the beads, combined with the Biot-Savart law for the magnetic field of the wire. From these encouraging results, we project that it is possible to detect even a single 300nm superparamagnetic bead on our sensor.