gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithm development for intrafraction radiotherapy beam edge verification from Cherenkov imaging (2018)

Imaging of Cherenkov light emission from patient tissue during fractionated radiotherapy has been shown to be a possible way to visualize beam delivery in real time. If this tool is advanced as a delivery verification methodology, then a sequence of image processing steps must be established to maximize accurate recovery of beam edges. This was analyzed and developed here, focusing on the noise characteristics and representative images from both phantoms and patients undergoing whole breast radiotherapy. The processing included temporally integrating video data into a single, composite summary image at each control point. Each image stack was also median filtered for denoising and ultimately thresholded into a binary image, and morphologic small hole removal was used. These processed images were used for day-to-day comparison computation, and either the Dice coefficient or the mean distance to conformity values can be used to analyze them. Systematic position shifts of the phantom up to 5 mm approached the observed variation values of the patient data. This processing algorithm can be used to analyze the variations seen in patients being treated concurrently with daily Cherenkov imaging to quantify the day-to-day disparities in delivery as a quality audit system for position/beam verification.
Effects of electrospinning conditions on microstructural properties of polystyrene fibrous materials (2018)

The mathematical model developed by Reneker et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4531 (2000)] and Yarin et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 89(5), 3018–3026 (2001)] for modeling filament formation in electrospinning is combined in this work with the structure generation algorithm of Venkateshan et al. [Mater. Des. 96, 27–35 (2016)] to simulate the effects of electrospinning parameters on microstructural properties (i.e., fiber diameter, thickness, and porosity) of the resulting electrospun materials. The model is calibrated using the experimental data obtained from electrospinning polystyrene (PS) fibers. The computational tool developed in this work allows one to study the effects of electrospinning parameters, such as voltage, needle-to-collector distance (NCD), or PS concentration, on the thickness and porosity of the resulting fibrous materials. For instance, it was shown that increasing the voltage or decreasing the NCD in electrospinning polystyrene results in mats with thicker fibers but smaller dimensionless thickness (or lower porosities), in agreement with experimental observations reported in the literature. In addition to serving as a characterization tool for the electrospun materials, the computational model developed in this work can be used to create accurate representations of the surface morphology or the internal geometry of fibrous materials used in a variety of applications, such as particle filtration or droplet separation.
Wideband mmWave channels: Implications for design and implementation of adaptive beam antennas (2014)

Millimeter wave mobile systems equipped with adaptive antennas show tremendous potential to provide much higher data rates than traditional cellular systems while offering comparable signal quality. This article presents channel measurement results obtained using a spread spectrum sliding correlator channel sounder at 28 GHz with an ultra-wide RF first null-to-null bandwidth of 800 MHz, collected in the dense urban environment of New York City. Statistics of multipath components, RMS delay spread, path loss, and angle distributions are investigated for antennas with different beamwidths. Theoretical beam combining analysis is performed, showing that the path loss can be reduced by 18.7 dB/decade in distance by coherently combining the four strongest beams at different pointing angles when compared to randomly pointed single beam antennas. Preliminary designs of beamforming and beam combining schemes using frequency domain equalization are proposed.
Abstract 5170: Snail-dependent ESRP1 silencing drives malignant conversion of human pulmonary epithelial cells (2016)

Abstract The significance of Snail expression in the early pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer has not been determined. Here, we report robust Snail expression in premalignant lung lesions relative to histologically normal-appearing pulmonary and lung cancer tissues. Utilizing immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to isogenically model the contribution of the transcriptional repressor Snail to lung carcinogenesis, we document Snail-dependent anchorage-independent growth of pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro, as well as their transformation, primary tumor growth, and metastatic behavior in vivo. We delineate ESRP1 tumor suppressor silencing as a requirement for the Snail-driven transformation and identify ESRP1 silencing in Snail-expressing pulmonary premalignant lesions in situ. Utilizing this HBEC lung carcinogenesis model, we determined that Snail drives the expansion and malignant conversion of an ALDH+CD44+CD24- subset of pulmonary stem cells. Apoptosis-resistance and expression changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressors were noted, and ESRP1 was identified as a mediator of the malignant conversion of these Snail-primed pulmonary. Collectively, this is the initial report of a Snail-ESRP1-cancer axis that is operative during lung carcinogenesis and the first characterization of potentially targetable mediators of this normal to cancer continuum. Citation Format: Tonya C. Walser, Zhe Jing, Linh Tran, Ying Lin, Li Zhu, Sherven Sharma, Aik Ooi, Brigitte N. Gomperts, Jerry W. Shay, Jill E. Larsen, Boning Gao, John D. Minna, Micihael C. Fishbein, Steven M. Dubinett. Snail-dependent ESRP1 silencing drives malignant conversion of human pulmonary epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5170.
Mucin 4 Confers Gemcitabine Resistance and an Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma via AKT Activation (2023)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) exhibits aggressive biological behavior and a poor prognosis. Gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy is the first-line chemotherapy for advanced CCA but has a response rate of only 20-30%. Therefore, investigating treatments to overcome GEM resistance in advanced CCA is crucial. Among mucin (MUC) family members, MUC4 showed the greatest increase in the resistant versus parental sublines. MUC4 was upregulated in whole-cell lysates and conditioned media from gemcitabine-resistant (GR) CCA sublines. MUC4 mediated GEM resistance by activating AKT signaling in GR CCA cells. The MUC4-AKT axis induced BAX S184 phosphorylation to inhibit apoptosis and downregulated GEM transporter human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) expression. The combination of AKT inhibitors and GEM or afatinib overcame GEM resistance in CCA. In vivo, capivasertib (an AKT inhibitor) increased GEM sensitivity in GR cells. MUC4 promoted EGFR and HER2 activation to mediate GEM resistance. Finally, MUC4 expression in patient plasma correlated with MUC4 expression. Paraffin-embedded specimens from non-responders expressed significantly more MUC4 than did those from responders, and this upregulation was associated with poor progression-free survival and overall survival. In GR CCA, high MUC4 expression promotes <i>sustained</i> EGFR/HER2 signaling and AKT activation. The combination of AKT inhibitors with GEM or afatinib might overcome GEM resistance.
The RPDIV and the limits of its definition according to IEC 60034-18-41: the effect of voltage conditioning (2019)

This paper investigates the behavior of the Repetitive Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (RPDIV), which is defined as the voltage level at which at least one PD occurs in two voltage impulses (or at least five in ten - according to the Standard in use). It has been noted that, increasing by steps the voltage value above the PDIV level, sporadic bursts of PD occur. During the bursts, the conditions for RPDIV are met, but the PD activity is unstable and may well extinguish. Since the definition of RPDIV in the International Standards does not consider PD bursts, the results of RPDIV using different measurement systems might vary depending on how the RPDIV is calculated, affecting the overall comparability of the results. In the test reported here, it came out that conditioning the system above PDIV might be a suitable way to reduce the probability of observing PD bursts. By combining the behavior of PD activity and the impact of conditioning, suggestions to perform more accurate measurements are eventually derived.
Remyelinated Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis (2003)

Remyelinated lesions return an abnormal signal on T2-weighted images. Both T1-weighted images and magnetization transfer ratio may have (limited) additional value in separating lesions with and without remyelination.
Synthesis And Anti-Hiv Activity Of Cyclic Pyrimidine Phosphonomethoxy Nucleosides And Their Prodrugs: A Comparison Of Phosphonates And Corresponding Nucleosides (2007)

Cyclic phosphonomethoxy pyrimidine nucleosides that are bioisosteres of the monophosphate metabolites of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors AZT, d4T, and ddC have been synthesized. The RT inhibitory activities of the phosphonates were reduced for both dideoxy (dd) and dideoxydidehydro (d4) analogs compared to the nucleosides. Bis-isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl (BisPOC) prodrugs were prepared on selected compounds and provided > 150-fold improvements in antiviral activity.
Two-way relaying with network coding for frequency-selective fading channels (2008)

In this paper, we present a design method of physical layer network coding for reliable two-way relaying in frequency-selective fading channels. We consider a two-stage protocol: At the first stage, two terminals simultaneously transmit data packets towards a relaying node. The relay maps the received signal into a discrete constellation using appropriate network coding, after which it is broadcasted to the terminals at the second stage. In our previous work, it has been revealed that network coding should be adaptively changed according to the channel state information, and unconventional signalling such as 5QAM can improve throughput for some channel conditions. In this paper, our design method of network coding is improved for the case of frequency-selective fading channels.
Detecting Low-Power RF Signals Using a Multimode Optoelectronic Oscillator and Integrated Optical Filter (2009)

We have assembled and characterized a multimode optoelectronic oscillator with integrated optical filter for detecting low-power radio-frequency (RF) signals. The system can selectively amplify RF signals from 1 to 6 GHz. The input signals can be as low as - 83 dBm with a compression dynamic range of 72 dB. Using an integrated silicon optical filter facilitates channelization of the amplified RF signal from 1 to 3 GHz by reducing the gain for signals above 3 GHz. Future system improvements are discussed.
Spinal Cord Normalization in Multiple Sclerosis (2014)

SCV-normalization by length improves the ability to detect group differences, strengthens clinical-radiological correlations, and is particularly relevant in settings of subtle disease-related SC-atrophy in MS. SCV-normalization by length may enhance the clinical utility of measures of SC-atrophy.
Assessment of patient selection criteria for quantitative imaging with respiratory-gated positron emission tomography (2014)

The objective of this investigation was to propose techniques for determining which patients are likely to benefit from quantitative respiratory-gated imaging by correlating respiratory patterns to changes in positron emission tomography (PET) metrics. Twenty-six lung and liver cancer patients underwent PET/computed tomography exams with recorded chest/abdominal displacements. Static and adaptive amplitude-gated [[Formula: see text]]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) PET images were generated from list-mode acquisitions. Patients were grouped by respiratory pattern, lesion location, or degree of lesion attachment to anatomical structures. Respiratory pattern metrics were calculated during time intervals corresponding to PET field of views over lesions of interest. FDG PET images were quantified by lesion maximum standardized uptake value ([Formula: see text]). Relative changes in [Formula: see text] between static and gated PET images were tested for association to respiratory pattern metrics. Lower lung lesions and liver lesions had significantly higher changes in [Formula: see text] than upper lung lesions (14 versus 3%, [Formula: see text]). Correlation was highest ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) between changes in [Formula: see text] and nonstandard respiratory pattern metrics. Lesion location had a significant impact on changes in PET quantification due to respiratory gating. Respiratory pattern metrics were correlated to changes in [Formula: see text], though sample size limited statistical power. Validation in larger cohorts may enable selection of patients prior to acquisition who would benefit from respiratory-gated PET imaging.
Passivity based distributed control: Optimality, stability and robustness (2013)

Past decade has witnessed the explosive growth of data network, processing power, sensor miniaturization, and controllable devices. Drawing on the ready availability of such technologies, feedback control is now increasingly applied to highly complex interconnected systems. Applications include data network, robot swarm, and heating, cooling and lighting systems in large buildings. These systems, called distributed control systems, involve a large number of interacting subsystems with individual decision making criteria and sensing capabilities (considered as agents). Key issues for such systems involve the relationship between local optimization objectives and global systems-wide constraints, communication structure between agents, systems stability and robustness, and overall systems architecture to support heterogeneous sensors and actuators. In this paper, we consider distributed control algorithms for each agent in the system that steer the overall system towards collective goal based on the suitable feedback, but without explicit knowledge of the system interconnection and other agents' decision. The key to such robust behavior lies in convexity (for optimization) and passivity (for stability). If appropriate passive outputs, based on the interconnection constraints, are used for feedback, together with gradient type of update, then robust convergence towards the global constrained optimum is assured.
Laparoscopic urology: fantasy or foundation. (1994)

Laparoscopy is the latest addition to the urologist's endoscopic skills. The increasing interest in the application of laparoscopy to urologic procedures has been reflected in the prevalence of reports in the urologic literature in recent years. However, there remains considerable debate as to the ultimate clinical applicability and appropriateness of these procedures in the management of patients. Laparoscopic urology is still in its infancy of development. The impact of technological advances and innovative practitioners may culminate in laparoscopic surgery being the catalyst to the development of a surgical cure devoid of incisional morbidity.
Charge fluctuations and an ionic–covalent transition in La2–xSrxCuO4 (1991)

The search for the mechanism responsible for high-Tc superconductivity in the copper oxides begins with a consideration of their distinctive structures, normal-state properties, and superconductive properties. All have intergrowth structures, and some consequences of this situation are enumerated. The normal-state properties are discussed with reference to the La2–xSrxCuO4 system in particular. Transport data are presented that provide evidence for a transition from small polarons to itinerant electrons with increasing x and, in the range of compositions 0.035 ≲x≲ 0.125 where this transition occurs, the onset of dynamic charge fluctuations in the normal state below a Tρ > Tc; Tρ exhibits a maximum value near 150 K in a narrow interval about x≈ 0.075. These charge fluctuations appear to separate domains containing antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations from domains containing weakly correlated electrons within which there could be a formation of disordered large bipolarons. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data are cited and interpreted in terms of a transition from more ionic to more covalent Cu–O bonding on passing from the antiferromagnetic to the superconductive compositions. A critical temperature Tc proportional to the hole concentration p≈x in the oxidized CuO2 sheets is interpreted to be a consequence of a small superconductive coherence length and a two-dimensional conduction band. A change in the character of the condensation to the superconductive state in the interval 0.12 < x < 0.15 takes place; in the range x≤ 0.12, condensation occurs from a state containing dynamic charge fluctuation within which large bipolarons may be formed, whereas for x≥ 0.15 condensation of Cooper pairs occurs directly from the normal state. It is noted that these observations fulfil two important conditions for our ‘correlation bag’ model of superconductivity to be viable: (1) stabilization of charge fluctuations by co-operative, dynamic atomic displacements and (2) an on-site electron–electron Coulomb repulsion that decreases sensitively with increased screening via an increase in the covalent character of the Cu–O bond with increasing hole concentration and decreasing mean Cu–O bond length.
Integration of power semiconductors devices: Synchronous buck converters in a package (2012)

Integration in power semiconductor devices has been always a challenge for technologists. This occurs mainly because the integration process increases the power density with negative consequences in the temperature of the devices which deteriorate the electrical and reliability performance in comparison with discrete approach. In order to successfully integrate power microelectronic devices one needs to have semiconductor solutions with extremely good efficiency to dissipate small quantities of heat and package solutions that can conduct extremely well the heat generated so the junction temperature of the device does not exceed the maximum temperatures under specifications. Traditional approaches to improve efficiency in DC/DC synchronous buck converters include reducing conduction losses in the MOSFETs through lower RDS(ON) devices and lowering switching losses through low-frequency operation. However the incremental improvements in RDS(ON) are at a point of diminishing returns and low RDS(ON) devices have large parasitic capacitances that do not facilitate the high-frequency operation required to improve power density. The drive for higher efficiency and excellent thermal performance to achieve high degree of integration is being addressed by advancements in both silicon and packaging technologies. In this paper we present the Power Stage concept, the technology we developed in the silicon and packaging fronts in order to integrate a half bridge DC-DC synchronous Buck converter with a gate driver IC. The NexFET Power Stage achieves higher levels of performance and integration, and in half the space versus discrete MOSFETs. This article explains these new technologies and highlights their performance advantage.
Gene Therapy in Hypertension: Adenovirus-Mediated Kallikrein Gene Delivery in Hypertensive Rats (1997)

Tissue kallikrein has been shown to play a role in blood pressure regulation, and abnormalities in the kallikreinkinin system are considered to be a factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension. To elucidate the potential therapeutic effects of kallikrein gene delivery in hypertension, an adenoviral vector containing the human tissue kallikrein gene under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter, Ad.CMV-cHK, was intravenously injected into spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A single injection of Ad.CMV-cHK into SHR caused a sustained delay in the increase in blood pressure from day 2 to day 41 post injection, as compared to control rats receiving Ad.CMV-LacZ adenovirus. Adenovirus-mediated kallikrein gene delivery had no effect on the blood pressure of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Human tissue kallikrein mRNA was detected in the liver, kidney, spleen, adrenal gland, and aorta. Immunoreactive human tissue kallikrein can be detected in sera and urine of rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery. Human tissue kallikrein in rat serum was at the highest level 5 days post injection, and the level declined gradually. Urinary kinin and cGMP levels were significantly increased in rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery compared to Ad.CMV-LacZ control rats. These results show that adenovirus-mediated delivery of human tissue kallikrein results in high-efficiency expression and blood pressure reduction in SHR. Application of adenovirus-mediated systemic expression of the tissue kallikrein gene may provide a unique way of delivering the gene product into the vasculature and could have important therapeutic implications in treating hypertension.
Board level reliability improvement in eWLB (embedded wafer level BGA) packages (2016)

When it comes to reducing form-factor and increasing functional integration of mobile devices, Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) is an attractive packaging solution with many advantages in comparison to standard Ball Grid Array (BGA) packages. With the advancement of various fan-out WLP (FOWLP), it is a more optimal and promising solution compared to fan-in WLP because it can offer greater flexibility in design of more Input/Output (I/O) counts, multi-chips, heterogeneous integration and three-dimensional (3D) system-in-package (SiP). embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array (eWLB) is a type of fan-out WLP enabling applications that require smaller form-factor, excellent heat dissipation, and a thin package profile as it has the potential to evolve in various configurations with proven manufacturing capacity and production yield. eWLB is one of key advanced packages because of advantages of higher I/O density, process flexibilities and integration capabilities. It facilitates integration of multiple dies vertically and horizontally in one package without using substrates. The structural design as well as selection of materials becomes more important in determining process yield and long term reliabilities. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively investigate the key design factors affecting the reliability. In this paper, the influences of materials and structural designs on the board level reliability will be demonstrated. The structural analysis has been performed by going through every design factor in a board level. The reliability study was carried out in depth by experimental approaches as well as through thermo-mechanical simulations. The different structural design prolongs the life by giving more resistance to the crack propagation and also makes the entire package body more flexible. This paper also discusses the recent advancements of robust board reliability performance of large size eWLB. Standard JEDEC board level tests were carried out to investigate board level reliability of large size test vehicles and both destructive/non-destructive analyses were performed to investigate potential structural defects. Daisy chain test vehicles were also tested for board level reliability performance in industry standard test conditions.