gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low bit rate model-assisted H.261-compatible coding of video (2002)

We describe a method of object-selective quantizer control in a standard coding system based on MC DCT-CCITT Recommendation H.261. The approach is based on two novel algorithms, namely buffer rate modulation and buffer size modulation. By forcing the rate control algorithm to transfer a relatively small fraction-about 10-15% on average-of the total available bit rate from the coding of the non-facial to that of the facial area, in head-and-shoulders videoteleconferencing sequences, images with better-rendered facial features are obtained, i.e. blocky artifacts in the facial area are less pronounced and eye contact and lip-sync are preserved. The improvement was found to be perceptually significant on video sequences coded at the rate of 64 kbps, with 48 kbps allocated for the input (color) video signal in QCIF format.
The role of androgen in the regulation of programmed cell death/apoptosis in normal and malignant prostatic tissue. (1994)

Cells possess within their repertoire of epigenetic programs the ability to undergo a process of cellular suicide, termed programmed cell death. This programmed cell death process involves an epigenetic reprogramming of the cell that results in an energy-dependent cascade of biochemical and morphologic changes within the cell (also termed apoptosis), resulting in its death and elimination. Although the final steps (i.e. DNA and cellular fragmentation) are common to cells undergoing programmed death, the activation of this death process is initiated either by sufficient injury to the cell induced by various exogenous damaging agents (e.g. radiation, chemicals, viruses, etc) or by changes in the levels of a series of endogenous signals (e.g. hormones and growth/survival factors). As an illustrative example, the role of androgen as a cell type specific endogenous regulator of the programmed death of normal and neoplastic prostatic cells will be presented.
Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind (2011)

Kluge: The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind Gary Marcus Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2008 224 pages, ISBN: 0618879641 (hbk); $24.00 Gary Marcus provides an engaging argument for the two-pa...
Electrostatic Persistence Length of Semiflexible and Flexible Polyelectrolytes (2005)

I have calculated the dependence of the electrostatic persistence length on the Debye screening length for semiflexible, strongly and weakly charged flexible polyelectrolytes. For semiflexible and strongly charged flexible polyelectrolytes the electrostatic part of the chain persistence length is proportional to the Debye screening length. This result is obtained by evaluating the bending angle fluctuations and in the framework of the Gaussian variational principle. A polyelectrolyte chain with linear dependence of the electrostatic persistence length on the Debye screening length has a lower free energy than that of a chain with the Odijk−Skolnick−Fixman electrostatic persistence length. In the case of weakly charged chains the electrostatic persistence length has a sublinear dependence on the Debye screening length which is due to inverse logarithmic dependence of the linear charge density of the chain of electrostatic blobs on the Debye screening length. This result was derived by applying a coarse-graining procedure to an initially flexible polyelectrolyte chain by representing it as a chain of electrostatic blobs. The blob size and chain persistence length are then found self-consistently by minimizing the chain's variational free energy.
Successful Enzyme Colocalization Strategies in Yeast for Increased Synthesis of Non-native Products (2021)

Yeast cell factories, particularly <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, have proven valuable for the synthesis of non-native compounds, ranging from commodity chemicals to complex natural products. One significant challenge has been ensuring sufficient carbon flux to the desired product. Traditionally, this has been addressed by strategies involving "pushing" and "pulling" the carbon flux toward the products by overexpression while "blocking" competing pathways via downregulation or gene deletion. Colocalization of enzymes is an alternate and complementary metabolic engineering strategy to control flux and increase pathway efficiency toward the synthesis of non-native products. Spatially controlling the pathway enzymes of interest, and thus positioning them in close proximity, increases the likelihood of reaction along that pathway. This mini-review focuses on the recent developments and applications of colocalization strategies, including enzyme scaffolding, construction of synthetic organelles, and organelle targeting, in both <i>S. cerevisiae</i> and non-conventional yeast hosts. Challenges with these techniques and future directions will also be discussed.
Examination on Battery Technology for Scale-up of a Lithium Ion Battery (2000)

To develop battery technology for a large-sized lithium ion battery, particle size of electrode active material, compression of electrodes, drying conditions of electrodes, and electrolyte identities were examined using a coin-cell, and the treatment of the lower edge of electrodes, electrode size, adhesion of electrode active material and current collector, and impregnation condition of electrolytes, were studied using single cells. The followings are particularly important findings obtained in this study. (1) Residual pyrrolidone caused an increase in water content, and thus, drying of electrodes is important in large-sized batteries. (2) Adhesion of electrode active material and current collector can be improved by either increasing the thickness of the current collector or by using an accurate-sized frame during the compression step of electrodes. (3) Both sides of the lower edge of the electrode were covered by precipitates of the Li dendrite during charge-discharge of the battery, and this precipitation was greatly inhibited by applying paste consisting of 75% natural graphite and 25% PVdF at the edge of the anode. (4) Impregnation of electrolytes to large-sized batteries is very difficult compared to that in small ones, since the uniform contact between electrolytes and electrodes requires a longer time. (5) Sealing of the battery case using a viton o-ring can efficiently avoid the mixing of water inside the battery and the evaporation of solvent outside the battery.
Fluoride Ion Conduction of Fluorine Intercalated Graphite CxF (1993)

Fluorine intercalated graphite compounds CxF with ionic or semi-ionic C-F bonding were prepared by direct fluorination of HOPG at 0°C or room temperature, and impedance measurements of these materials were carried out. Electrochemical intercalation and deintercalation of fluoride ions into graphite and from CxF, respectively, were investigated using cetonitrile solutions containing tetramethyl ammonium fluoride salts. The results indicate that the fluoride ions in the graphite gallery have some mobility, and the electrochemical intercalation and deintercalation of fluoride ions are effected by applied potential gradient. These results suggest that CxF are fluoride ion conducting solid state electrolytes.
Shear Modulus Decomposition Algorithm in Magnetic Resonance Elastography (2009)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an imaging modality capable of visualizing the elastic properties of an object using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of transverse acoustic strain waves induced in the object by a harmonically oscillating mechanical vibration. Various algorithms have been designed to determine the mechanical properties of the object under the assumptions of linear elasticity, isotropic and local homogeneity. One of the challenging problems in MRE is to reduce the noise effects and to maintain contrast in the reconstructed shear modulus images. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm designed to reduce the degree of noise amplification in the reconstructed shear modulus images without the assumption of local homogeneity. Investigating the relation between the measured displacement data and the stress wave vector, the proposed algorithm uses an iterative reconstruction formula based on a decomposition of the stress wave vector. Numerical simulation experiments and real experiments with agarose gel phantoms and human liver data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more robust to noise compared to standard inversion algorithms and stably determines the shear modulus.
Properties of focused time reversal operator in random media (2006)

FDORT (focused DORT) is an alternative of the DORT method using focused transmits instead of single-element transmits. In the case of well-resolved point scatterers, the FDORT eigenvectors may be understood as invariants of the time reversal operator. However, if the medium is a collection of many subresolution scatterers (speckle), a different interpretation is more helpful. It is shown that, in speckle, the FDORT matrix may be interpreted statistically as a spatial correlation matrix, whose coefficients are the correlation between signals received by pairs of elements. The matrix is fully described by the Van Cittert Zernike theorem. The first eigenvector still has focusing properties, and the eigenvalues can be related to the so-called focusing criterion. Applications to aberration estimation in medical ultrasound are presented.
Comparison of Wild Type DNA Sequence of Spike Protein from SARS-CoV-2 with Optimized Sequence on The Induction of Protective Responses Against SARS-Cov-2 Challenge in Mouse Model (2022)

Genetic optimization of Nucleic Acid immunogens is important for potentially improving their immune potency. A COVID-19 DNA vaccine is in phase III clinical trial which is based on a promising highly developable technology platform. Here, we show optimization in mice generating a pGX-9501 DNA vaccine encoding full-length spike protein, which results in induction of potent humoral and cellular immune responses, including neutralizing antibodies, that block hACE2-RBD binding of live CoV2 virus in vitro. Optimization resulted in improved induction of cellular immunity by pGX-9501 as demonstrated by increased IFN-γ expression in both CD8+ and CD4 + T cells and this was associated with more robust antiviral CTL responses compared to unoptimized constructs. Vaccination with pGX-9501 induced subsequent protection against virus challenge in a rigorous hACE2 transgenic mouse model. Overall, pGX-9501 is a promising optimized COVID-19 DNA vaccine candidate inducing humoral and cellular immunity contributing to the vaccine's protective effects.
Phenotypic characterization and molecular mapping of the Arabidopsis thaliana locus RPP5, determining disease resistance to Peronospora parasitica (1993)

Peronospora parasitica causes downy mildew on crucifers. An isolate of P. parasitica (denoted NoCO2) was identified that infected Arabidopsis plants of the land race Columbia (Col‐0) but not plants of land race Landsberg erecta (La‐ er ). Segregation analysis of F 2 plants derived from a La‐ er x Col‐0 cross established that the resistance was inherited as a single locus, denoted RPP5 . Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of inoculated La‐ er and Col‐0 cotyledons showed that restriction of fungal growth in La‐ er was accompanied by massive callose accumulation and death of plant cells in direct contact with points of attempted fungal penetration. La‐ er x Col‐0 F 1 plants exhibited an intermediate resistance response in all aspects of fungal development, indicating that RPP5 is semi‐dominant in its action. F 8 recombinant inbred lines generated between La‐ er and Col‐0 were used to map RPP5 to a narrow interval (&lt;1.1 cM) on chromosome 4, utilizing existing restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP) markers and newly generated random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The data provide a basis for the isolation of the RPP5 locus by positional cloning as a first step towards understanding recognitional specificity in plant‐pathogen interactions at a molecular level.
Teaching and Assessing Competency in Retinal Lasers in Ophthalmology Residency (2008)

Retinal laser competency can be taught and assessed in ophthalmology residency training programs. Future research will be needed to provide evidence that these teaching and assessment tools produce improved educational and patient outcomes and provide verifiable, reliable, and valid evidence of resident competence in retinal lasers.
Sensitization to amphetamine psychostimulant effect: A key role for ventral tegmental area neurotensin type 2 receptors and MAP kinase pathway (2021)

Neurotensin is an endogenous neuropeptide that acts as a potent modulator of ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurotransmission. The present study was aimed at determining VTA cell population and neurotensin receptor subtype responsible for the initiation of amphetamine-induced psychomotor activity and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) sensitization. During an induction phase, rats were injected intra-VTA on two occasions, every second day, with [D-Tyr<sup>11</sup> ]-neurotensin (D-Tyr-NT), SR142948 (a mix Ntsr1/Ntsr2 receptor subtype antagonist), SR48692 (a Ntsr1 antagonist), D-Tyr-NT + SR142498, D-Tyr-NT + SR48692, or the vehicle. Effects of intra-VTA drugs were evaluated at locomotor activity and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Five days after the last VTA microinjection, the effect of a systemic injection of amphetamine was tested (sensitization test). Results show that D-Tyr-NT stimulated locomotor activity during the induction phase, an effect that was blocked by SR142948, but not SR48692. Amphetamine also induced significantly higher ambulatory activity in rats preinjected with D-Tyr-NT than in rats preinjected with the vehicle. This sensitization effect was again attenuated by SR142948, but not SR48692, hence suggesting that this effect is mediated by Ntsr2 receptors. To confirm this, we tested a highly selective Ntsr2 peptide-peptoid hybrid ligand, NT150. At the concentration tested, NT150 stimulated locomotor activity and lead to sensitized locomotor activity and a selective neurochemical (pERK1/2) response in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons of the VTA. Both effects were prevented by SR142948. Taken together, these results show that neurotensin, acting on Ntsr2 receptor subtypes, stimulates locomotor activity and initiates neural changes (ERK1/2 phosphorylation) that lead to amphetamine-induced sensitization.
HIV gp120 impairs nucleus accumbens neuroimmune function and dopamine D3 receptor-mediated inhibition of cocaine seeking in male rats (2023)

Cocaine Use Disorders (CUDs) are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Cocaine and the HIV envelope protein gp120 each induce distinct deficits to mesocorticolimbic circuit function and motivated behavior; however, little is known regarding how they interact to dysregulate these functions or how such interactions impact pharmacotherapeutic efficacy. We have previously shown that the selective, weak partial agonist of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), MC-25-41, attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior in male rats. Here, we sought to characterize changes in striatal neuroimmune function in gp120-exposed rats across abstinence from operant access to cocaine (0.75 mg/kg, i.v.) or sucrose (45 mg/pellet), and to examine the impact of gp120 exposure on MC-25-41-reduced cocaine seeking. After establishing a history of cocaine or sucrose self-administration, rats received intracerebroventricular gp120 infusions daily the first 5 days of abstinence and were sacrificed either on day 6 or after 21 days of forced abstinence and a cue-induced cocaine seeking test. We demonstrated that MC-25-41 treatment attenuated cue-induced cocaine seeking among control rats but not gp120-exposed rats. Moreover, postmortem analysis of nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neuroimmune function indicated cocaine abstinence- and gp120-induced impairments, and the expression of several immune factors within the NAc core significantly correlated with cocaine-seeking behavior. We conclude that cocaine abstinence dysregulates striatal neuroimmune function and interacts with gp120 to inhibit the effectiveness of a D3R partial agonist in reducing cocaine seeking. These findings highlight the need to consider comorbidities, such as immune status, when evaluating the efficacy of novel pharmacotherapeutics.
<title>Activated fiber lasers and prospects of their applications in medicine</title> (1990)

Perspectives to develop a new line of compact simple-to-use reliable and low-cost high- power laser devices on the base of activated glass fibers will discuss. They may find wide applications in multipurpose diagnostic therapeutic and surgical complexes also as in a lot of special medical devices. . 1.
Triggering Activity of Catalytic Rod‐Like Supramolecular Polymers (2015)

Supramolecular polymers based on benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamides (BTAs) functionalized with an L- or D-proline moiety display high catalytic activity towards aldol reactions in water. High turnover frequencies (TOF) of up to 27×10(-4) s(-1) and excellent stereoselectivities (up to 96% de, up to 99% ee) were observed. In addition, the catalyst could be reused and remained active at catalyst loadings and substrate concentrations as low as 0.1 mol % and 50 mM, respectively. A temperature-induced conformational change in the supramolecular polymer triggers the high activity of the catalyst. The supramolecular polymer's helical sense in combination with the configuration of the proline (L- or D-) is responsible for the observed selectivity.
Acute Quadriplegia Following Closed Traction Reduction of a Cervical Facet Dislocation in the Setting of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (2005)

This case report highlights the advantages and shows some safety concerns regarding immediate, closed traction reduction of cervical facet dislocation with real-time neural monitoring in an awake, alert, oriented, and appropriately select patient before MRI studies in the setting of preexisting central stenosis from OPLL.
The Region of Achievable Rates for Multiterminal Source Coding--Part I (2006)

In this first part, a computable outer bound is proved for the multiterminal source coding problem, for a setup with two encoders, discrete memoryless sources, and bounded distortion measures.
ECOLOGY OF MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS IN MARINE RECRUITS AT PARRIS ISLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA1 (1969)

Three longitudinal studies of the ecology of M. pneumoniae infection in Marine recruits at Parris Island, S. C, were conducted during the spring, summer and winter of 1965–1966. Diagnosis of infection was established by isolation of the organism and/or a serologic response. The platoon was shown to be the basic epidemiologic unit for M.pneumoniae infection. An unusual ecologic feature was the marked variability in the infection pattern in different platoons. Growth-inhibiting (Gl) antibody was shown to be related to the natural history of M. pneumoniae infection in that: 1) an inverse relationship existed between levels of antibody and susceptibility and 2) the presence of antibody appeared to moderate the severity of infection. Approximately one-fourth of the men with preexisting Gl antibody developed a fourfold or greater serologic response suggesting that reinfection was not uncommon. The Gl antibody method was the most sensitive technique for detecting infection; 89% of infected recruits developed a rise in this antibody, while only 54% developed a rise in complement-fixing antibody and 42% yielded tine organism. The risk of infection with M. pneumoniae was shown to be related to the geographic bunking area within the barracks. It is hypothesized that M. pneumoniae infections are contracted principally in tine barracks and that droplet spread through close contact was the most important mode of transmission.
Translucent, color-neutral and efficient perovskite thin film solar modules (2018)

This work defines the possibilities and limitations of an industry-known ablation process applied to perovskite PVs resulting in translucent and efficient modules.
Functional Significance of Minor Structural and Expression Changes in Stress Chaperone Mortalin (2007)

Mortalin is one of the highly conserved heat-shock chaperones. Some of the established features of mortalin include its various subcellular localizations, multiple binding partners, and differential subcellular distribution in normal and immortal cells. It inhibits nuclear translocation, transcriptional activation, and control of centrosome-duplication functions of p53. It also functions as an adaptive protein in a variety of stress-response mechanisms and contributes to human carcinogenesis. Interestingly, minor alterations in its structure and level of expression may lead to drastic biological consequences (for example, Myelodysplastic syndrome and old age pathologies, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease). Besides being validated as a reliable target for cancer therapy, mortalin also warrants attention from the perspectives of management of old-age diseases and healthy aging.
Decentralized active gate control for current balancing of parallel connected IGBT modules (2011)

In modern power converters operating at currents of few kA and voltages of several kV, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules are typically used. The increased power demand of modern inverters and rectifiers results in higher currents and voltages. Currents up to tens of kA and voltages up to tens of kV are required, which exceed the ratings of IGBT semiconductors currently available. Multiple IGBT modules can be connected in parallel or in series to provide the requested current or voltage rating. Depending on the interconnection of the switches, parameter variations in the semiconductors and in the system, as well as tolerances and delay times in the gate driving circuits, an unbalanced current or voltage distribution may occur. Therefore, the IGBT modules are generally derated, which results in an increased number of devices and volume being required. In this paper, a modular concept of a decentralized active gate control for current balancing of parallel connected IGBT modules is presented. It operates distributed to the gate drive units (GDU), the hardware and software configurations are independent of the system design and no restrictions on the number of parallel connected IGBT modules exist.
Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Nucleophiles: History, Renaissance and Scalable Reactions (2017)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Glucosidase I, a transmembrane endoplasmic reticular glycoprotein with a luminal catalytic domain. (1991)

We have analyzed the functional domain structure of rat mammary glucosidase I, an enzyme involved in N-linked glycoprotein processing, using biochemical and immunological approaches. The enzyme contains a high mannose type sugar chain that can be cleaved by endo-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase H without significantly affecting the catalytic activity. Based on trypsin digestion pattern and the data on membrane topography, glucosidase I constitutes a single polypeptide chain of 85 kDa with two contiguous domains: a membrane-bound domain that anchors the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum and a luminal domain. A catalytically active 39-kDa domain could be released from membranes by limited proteolysis of saponin-permeabilized membranes with trypsin. This domain appeared to contain the active site of the enzyme and had the ability to bind to glucosidase I-specific affinity gel. Phase partitioning with Triton X-114 indicated the amphiphilic nature of the native enzyme, consistent with its location as an integral membrane protein, whereas the 39-kDa fragment partitioned in the aqueous phase, a characteristic of soluble polypeptide. These results indicate that glucosidase I is a transmembrane protein with a luminally oriented catalytic domain. Such an orientation of the catalytic domain may facilitate the sequential processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide, soon after its transfer en bloc by the oligosaccharyl transferase complex in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum.