gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Garbled Circuits Checking Garbled Circuits: More Efficient and Secure Two-Party Computation. (2013)

Applying cut-and-choose techniques to Yao’s garbled circuit protocol has been a promising approach for designing efficient Two-Party Computation (2PC) with malicious and covert security, as is evident from various optimizations and software implementations in the recent years. We revisit the security and efficiency properties of this popular approach and propose alternative constructions and definitions that are more suitable for use in practice. • We design an efficient fully-secure malicious 2PC protocol for two-output functions that only requires O(t|C|) symmetric-key operations (with small constant factors) where |C | is the circuit size and t is a statistical security parameter. This is essentially the optimal complexity for protocols based on cut-and-choose, resolving a main question left open by the previous work on the subject. Our protocol utilizes novel techniques for enforcing garbler’s input consistency and handling twooutput functions that are more efficient than all prior solutions. • Motivated by the goal of eliminating the all-or-nothing nature of 2PC with covert security (that privacy and correctness are fully compromised if the adversary is not caught in the challenge phase), we propose a new security definition for 2PC that strengthens the guarantees provided by the standard
P4‐400: Novel Amyloid‐β Oligomer‐Specific Epitopes: a Hypothesis Driven Approach to Alzheimer's Immunotherapeutics (2016)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Aβ immunotherapeutics in humans have been hampered by negative side-effects including ARIA-E and cerebral microhemorrhage1, mediated by antibody binding to non-toxic fibrils and/or monomers2. Recent advances have demonstrated the fundamental role of amyloid-β oligomers (AβO) in disease onset3, synaptotoxicity4 and progression5,6. Together with promising results from clinical trials targeting aggregated Aβ7, these data suggest that by targeting AβOs, a blockade of cognitive decline in humans is possible. We used computational epitope discovery methods to identify immunologic targets on toxic and propagating AβO, that are necessarily absent on Aβ monomers and plaques. Proprietary algorithms have computationally predicted five AβO-specific epitopes. The epitopes were synthesized and conjugated to immunogens, validated for sequence and structure, and used to produce monoclonal antibodies. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) will screen clones against structured and unstructured epitopes and synthetic AβOs, monomers and fibrils. Further validation will include screening antibodies (SPR, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting) against brain extract and CSF from AD patients and age matched human controls. Antibodies with cross reactivity to monomers and/or fibrils and plaques, determined by immunohistochemistry in brain tissue, will be rejected. Oligomer specific antibodies with no off-target binding will be evaluated in vitrofor the ability to neutralize neurotoxicity and propagation. The target profile of the AβO-specific antibodies is murine monoclonal antibodies that react with synthetic oligomers over monomers with an affinity of least 1/100, or react with native oligomers in brain and CSF with low affinity binding to monomers, and do not react with plaques. The computational epitope discovery approach may produce multiple AβO-specific antibodies. If successful, the approach may be applicable to other proteins and protein misfolding diseases. Acknowledgements: ProMIS Neurosciences, the exclusive licenser of the AβO epitope technology, has supported this work through a sponsored research agreement with UBC. 1 Panza, F. et al. Curr Opin Psychi(2014). 2 Winblad, B. et al. Lancet Neurol(2016). 3 Lesne, S. E. et al. Brain(2013). 4 Ferreira, S. T. et al. Front in Cell Neurosci(2015). 5 Jaunmuktane, Z. et al. Nature(2015). 6 Ye, L. et al. Brain Pathol(2015). 7 Patel, K. R. Manag Care (2015).
Complex emulsions as a template of new hybrids particles for bionanotechnology applications (2012)

International audience
Monitoring temperatures in coal conversion and combustion processes via ultrasound. [Ultrasonic thermometry proposal] (1980)

A study of the state-of-the-art of instrumentation for monitoring temperatures in coal conversion and combustion systems has been carried out. The instrumentation types studied include Thermocouples, Radiation Pyrometers, and Acoustical Thermometers. The capabilities and limitations of each type are reviewed. The study determined that ultrasonic thermometry has the potential of providing viable instrumentation. Consequently, a feasibility study of the ultrasonic thermometry was undertaken. A mathematical model of a pulse-echo ultrasonic temperature measurement system is developed using linear system theory. The mathematical model lends itself to the adaptation of generalized correlation techniques for the estimation of propagation delays. Computer simulations are made to test the efficacy of the signal processing techniques for noise-free as well as noisy signals. Based on the theoretical study, acoustic techniques to measure temperature in reactors and combustors are feasible. To experimentally verify the technique it is needed (a) to test the available sensor materials at high temperatures under erosive and corrosive conditions and (b) upon the selection of the appropriate sensor material to validate the proposed signal processing technique. The base for the applicability of this technique will be the frequency of operation, which will determine the length of the sensor and the noise background at the frequency of interest. It is, however, believed that the proposed technique will provide reliable estimates under the noise background.
High temperature characteristics of nitric oxide annealed p-channel 4H-SiC metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (2021)

In this work, p-channel 4H-SiC MOSFETs were fabricated and analyzed at high temperature. It is demonstrated that nitridation of the gate oxide enables enhancement mode operation in these devices. Nitrogen incorporation at the 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface by nitric oxide annealing reduces the interface trap density energetically located in the lower half of the 4H-SiC bandgap, resulting in viable high temperature p-channel devices. In the 27–300 °C temperature range, the threshold voltage decreases with increasing temperature, consistent with the reduction of occupied interface traps at higher temperatures. The hole channel mobility is weakly temperature dependent under strong inversion conditions. Hall measurements support that above the threshold voltage, the mobility is limited by surface roughness scattering. In weaker inversion, the channel conductivity is limited by interface hole trapping and Coulomb scattering. In addition, high temperature bias stress measurements confirm a temperature activated hole trapping under negative gate bias, which requires further investigations.
Selective Epitaxial Growth of Silicon for Vertical Diode Application (2010)

Selectivity control in silicon selective epitaxial growth (SEG) for deep contact patterns, which is one of the key processes for silicon-based stacked devices and cell switches for next generation memories, was studied. Absolute values of selectivity loss during silicon SEG using the most popular H 2 /dichlorosilane (DCS)/HCl gas system were evaluated using a commercialized inspection tool in 200 mm wafers with real contact patterns. It was revealed that HCl/(DCS+HCl) ratio and the contact structure played a crucial role in suppressing selectivity loss. The number of selectivity losses in an entire wafer was less than 100 when the HCl/(DCS+HCl) ratio was larger than 0.41. The vertical pn diode prepared using the silicon SEG process with elaborate selectivity control showed more remarkable electrical abilities to accommodate current flow than polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si), including the ideality factor and swing, and reverse leakage current.
Sub-cm Resolution Distributed Fiber Optic Hydrogen Sensing with Nano-Engineered TiO2 (2015)

The 3D nano-structuring on the &lt;10nm scale allows the refractive index of functional sensory materials(n&gt;2) to be reduced and matched with the cladding of optical fiber(n~1.46) for low-loss integration. A high temperature capable hydrogen sensor composed of D-shaped optical fiber with palladium nanoparticles infused nanoporous (~5nm) TiO2 film is demonstrated. The behavior of the developed sensor was characterized by examining the wavelength of an incorporated Fiber Bragg Grating and by observing the transmission losses at temperatures up to 700C. In addition, with frequency domain reflectometry the distributed sensing potential of the developed sensor for hydrogen concentrations of up to 10% is examined. The results show the possibility of detecting chemical gradients with sub-cm resolution at very high temperatures(&gt;500C).
Geometrically Invariant Object-Based Watermarking using SIFT Feature (2007)

In this paper, we have developed a robust object-based watermarking algorithm using the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features in conjunction with a new data embedding method based on discrete cosine transform (DCT). The message is embedded in DCT spaces of randomly generated blocks in the selected object region. To recognize the object region after being distorted, its SIFT features are registered in advance. In the detection scheme, we firstly detect the object region by using feature matching. The transformation parameters are then calculated, and the message can be detected. Experimental results demonstrated that our proposed algorithm is very robust to geometrical distortions such as JPEG compression, scaling, rotation, shearing, aspect ratio change, image filtering, and so on.
Refractive-Index Profiling of Optical Fibers by Microinterferometric Optical Phase Tomography (2005)

Transverse cross-sectional refractive-index profiling is demonstrated using a new technique, microinterferometric optical phase tomography (MIOPT). MIOPT allows measurement of fiber profiles containing small and azimuthally asymmetric index variations. Several measured fiber profiles are presented.
Experimental Supplements from Mobile Tools for Cognitive Introspection Towards Cognitive Augmentation (2019)

In an increasingly interconnected world with more and more technology surrounding us, more and more people end up with psychological and mental health issues. Mobile Computing technologies is often introduced into society without knowing about impact and consequences. We need new mobile tools for everyday life to better manage our attention and give us introspection into our cognitive self. There are patterns in human physiological signals (facial expressions, heart rate, nasal temperature, eye movements, blinking, etc.) that can reveal information about cognitive functions of individuals and groups.
Annealing temperature effect on the performance of nonvolatile HfO2 Si-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon-type flash memory (2006)

In this article, we demonstrate the effect of the postdeposition annealing for the HfO2 trapping layer on the performance of the Si-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon-type flash memories. It was found that the memory window becomes larger while the retention and endurance characteristics get worse as the annealing temperature increases. This was ascribed to the larger amount and the shallower energy levels of the crystallization-induced traps as compared to the traps presented in the as-fabricated HfO2 film. Finally, in the aspect of disturbances, we show only insignificant read, drain, and gate disturbances presented in the three samples in the normal operation.
Molecular structure, crystallization behavior, and morphology of fractions obtained from an extrusion grade high‐density polyethylene (1988)

Abstract An extrusion‐grade of high density polyethylene (HOPE) (3 ethyl groups per 1000 carbons) has been divided into 16 fractions by preparative GPC and selective p‐xylene extraction. The fractions, with molecular weights ranging from 900 to 1,000,000, have been studied by IR spectros‐copy, DSC, WAXS, polarized microscopy, and small‐angle light scattering (SALS), The average degree of chain branching (percent C 2 H 5 ) is 0.5 percent for the part of the sample having a molecular weight lower than 10,000 and it decreases monotonically with increasing molecular weight, finally approaching 0.1 percent C2H5. A crystallinity depression with respect to linear PE equivalent to 20 percent/(percent C 2 H 5 ) is recorded for all samples except for the very low molecular weight samples for which the crystallinity depression is much larger (30 to 35 percent/ (percent C 2 H 5 )). The unit cell volume increases with increasing percent C 2 H 5 , presumably due to the inclusion of ethyl groups in the crystals as interstitlals at 2gl kinks. The concentration of ethyl groups in the crystals (ϵ c ) unanimously follows the relationship: ϵ c (percent) = 0.32 + 0.25 log(percent C 2 H 5 ) except for the low molecular weight fractions which have significantly lower values for ϵ c . Our admittedly speculative explanation for this major discrepancy between high and low molecular weight samples is based on the idea that segments with ethyl groups close to chain ends have a greater difficulty in crystallizing than segments containing ethyl groups located at positions far from the chain ends. The fractions obtained from the extrusion‐grade HDPE show a solidification temperature depression with respect to linear PE which can only be explained by the presence of chain branches in these samples. The depression is particularly pronounced for the low molecular weight samples as is expected from the data on molecular structure. Well‐developed non‐banded spherulites are observed in rapidly cooled (crystallized at about 35 K supercooling), low molecular weight samples (6,000 &lt; M w &lt; 8,000)from the extrusion‐grade HDPE in contrast to the axialites observed in linear PE of the same molecular weight and thermal treatment. This discrepancy in morphology has been related to the presence of ethyl groups in the extrusion grade HDPE fractions. Higher molecular weight samples (20,000 &lt; M w &lt; 1,000,000)from the extrusion‐grade HDPE and linear PE both display well‐developed banded spherulites of similar nature as is expected due to the similarity in molecular structure of the two sets of sample.
Modification of nucleic acids with 1-nitropyrene in the rat: identification of the modified nucleic acid base. (1985)

A modified nucleic acid base was isolated from liver DNA of rats treated with 1-nitropyrene. The structure of the modified nucleic acid base was identified as 1-(guanin-8-yl)-aminopyrene by comparison with an authentic sample.
Method and system for detecting explosives (2023)

A method of detecting explosives in a vehicle includes providing a first rack on one side of the vehicle, the rack including a neutron generator and a plurality of gamma ray detectors; providing a second rack on another side of the vehicle, the second rack including a neutron generator and a plurality of gamma ray detectors; providing a control system, remote from the first and second racks, coupled to the neutron generators and gamma ray detectors; using the control system, causing the neutron generators to generate neutrons; and performing gamma ray spectroscopy on spectra read by the gamma ray detectors to look for a signature indicative of presence of an explosive. Various apparatus and other methods are also provided.
Disease allele-dependent small-molecule sensitivities in blood cells from monogenic diabetes (2010)

Even as genetic studies identify alleles that influence human disease susceptibility, it remains challenging to understand their functional significance and how they contribute to disease phenotypes. Here, we describe an approach to translate discoveries from human genetics into functional and therapeutic hypotheses by relating human genetic variation to small-molecule sensitivities. We use small-molecule probes modulating a breadth of targets and processes to reveal disease allele-dependent sensitivities, using cells from multiple individuals with an extreme form of diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young type 1, caused by mutation in the orphan nuclear receptor HNF4α). This approach enabled the discovery of small molecules that show mechanistically revealing and therapeutically relevant interactions with HNF4α in both lymphoblasts and pancreatic β-cells, including compounds that physically interact with HNF4α. Compounds including US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs were identified that favorably modulate a critical disease phenotype, insulin secretion from β-cells. This method may suggest therapeutic hypotheses for other nonblood disorders.
The Uncatalyzed Direct Amide Formation Reaction – Mechanism Studies and the Key Role of Carboxylic Acid H‐Bonding (2011)

Abstract Calorimetric studies of the mixing of a series of carboxylic acids and amines have been carried out to measure heat output, which has been compared with their ability to react to form carboxylate ammonium salts and amides. In order to identify which species (salt or H‐bonded species) were formed, 1 H NMR studies were also carried out by mixingcarboxylic acids and amines in [D 8 ]toluene and monitoring the resulting reactions. These experiments were also compared to DFT computational studies, from which the relative merits of different mechanistic schemes for direct amide formation could be assessed. A reaction mechanism involving zwitterionic intermediates could be eliminated on the basis of calculated energies in toluene, however, a neutral intermediate pathway, involving carboxylic acid dimerization by mutual hydrogen bonding was found to be accessible and may explain how the direct amide formation reaction occurs. Such a mechanism is not inconsistent with kinetic modelling of direct amide formation under different reactions conditions.
System for adjusting the equilibrium temperature of an inductively-heated susceptor (2023)

A system for inductively heating a workpiece may include an induction coil, at least one susceptor face sheet, and a current controller coupled. The induction coil may be configured to conduct an alternating current and generate a magnetic field in response to the alternating current. The susceptor face sheet may be configured to have a workpiece positioned therewith. The susceptor face sheet may be formed of a ferromagnetic alloy having a Curie temperature and being inductively heatable to an equilibrium temperature approaching the Curie temperature in response to the magnetic field. The current controller may be coupled to the induction coil and may be configured to adjust the alternating current in a manner causing a change in at least one heating parameter of the susceptor face sheet.
Waveguide coupled CMOS photodetector for on-chip optical interconnects (2004)

A novel, truly CMOS compatible, waveguide coupled, high-speed photodiode for on-chip optical clock distribution is designed using analytical calculations, electro-optical simulations, and experimental analysis. Experiment and simulation results from test devices are presented and analyzed. Results from test devices and waveguides currently under fabrication in the Agilent 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process will be reported.
Online tracking using saliency (2016)

When tracking small moving objects, primates use smooth pursuit eye movements to keep a target in the center of the field of view. In this paper, we propose the Smooth Pursuit tracking algorithm, which uses three kinds of saliency maps to perform online target tracking: appearance, location, and motion. In addition to tracking single targets, our method can track multiple targets with little additional overhead. The appearance saliency map uses deep convolutional neural network features along with gnostic fields, a brain-inspired model for object recognition. The location saliency map predicts where the object will move next. Finally, the motion saliency map indicates which objects are moving in the scene. We combine all three saliency maps into a smooth pursuit map, which is used to generate bounding boxes for tracked objects. We evaluate our algorithm and others from the literature on a vehicle tracking task. Our approach achieves the best overall performance, including being the only method we tested capable of handling long-term occlusions.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Oral Heparin Solid Dosage Form in Healthy Human Subjects. (2007)

Abstract Heparin is not orally absorbed, presumably because of its size and polyanionic charge and hence is administered parenterally, either by continuous or intermittent infusion or by subcutaneous (SC) injection. However, a formulation that would result in absorption of heparin after oral administration would provide an attractive alternative to parenteral heparin. In that regard several attempts to develop effective non-parenteral heparin formulations have been reported, but they have met with limited success. The present investigation determined the molecular structure, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of oral unfractionated heparin (UFH) containing oral absorption enhancer Sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino] caprylate, salcaprozate sodium (SNAC) and assessed the safety and tolerability of orally dosed heparin solid dosage form versus other routes. Sixteen healthy men were included in this single-dose, three-way crossover, randomized, open-label study. The different arms of the study were as follow: Treatment A- Subjects randomized to Treatment A received two capsules of UFH/SNAC soft gelatin capsules for a total dose of 75,000 U heparin sodium with 150 mL of water; Treatment B: Subjects randomized to Treatment B received 1 mL of heparin sodium USP parenteral 10,000 U/mL via SC injection; Treatment C: Subjects randomized to receive 75,000 U heparin sodium milled powder for oral solution with 150 mL of water; and Treatment D: Subjects randomized to receive 0.5 mL of heparin sodium USP parenteral 5,000 U/mL via IV bolus. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive three of the four treatments so that a total of 12 subjects received each treatment. To characterize the PK of SNAC after oral heparin/SNAC administration and the PD of heparin following the administration of heparin IV, SC, PO alone and PO as heparin/SNAC, 21 blood samples were drawn from all of the subjects receiving treatment A, B, C, and D at the following time points: within 30 minutes pre-dose, at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 minutes, and at 1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, and 8 hours post-dose. Blood was drawn into sodium citrate tubes for assessment of anti-factor Xa, anti-factor IIa, aPTT, and SNAC. Disaccharide compositional analysis was performed using capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection. The PD of heparin was obtained from analysis of plasma anti-factor Xa, anti-factor IIa, aPTT, and total tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) data. The molecular weight properties and the disaccharide composition of orally administered UFH/SNAC and parenterally administered UFH are identical and consistent with the starting standard UFH administered and achieved anti-factor Xa: anti-factor IIa of 1:1. This is the first true pharmacokinetic study to measure the chemical compositions of heparin administered by different routes.
Prediction of brain-computer interface aptitude from individual brain structure (2013)

This confirms that structural brain traits contribute to individual performance in BCI use.