gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systolic routing hardware: performance evaluation and optimization (1988)

The performance of maze-routing algorithms mapped onto linear systolic array hardware is examined. Cell expansions in the wavefront-expansion phase of maze routing are performed in parallel in each processing stage of the hardware as the routing grid streams through the processor array. The authors concentrate on optimizing the performance of single-net routing problems with respect to a given systolic hardware configuration. A heuristic called constant-increment framing is introduced as a simple method for scheduling all the required wavefront expansion steps on a pipeline of processors. One-layer and two-layer routers using this heuristic have been implemented on a prototype systolic processor. Experimental and theoretical comparisons suggest that the constant-increment heuristic exhibits performance within a factor of two of optimal over a range of hardware configurations, and is substantially easier to compute than the optimal solution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protection against lethal bacterial infection in mice by monocyte-chemotactic and -activating factor (1994)

Chemotactic factors regulate the recruitment of neutrophils, lymphocytes, or monocytes-macrophages to infectious and inflammatory sites. The purpose of this study was to determine whether monocyte-chemotactic and -activating factor (MCAF [MCP-1], a JE gene product) also influences the host defense mechanism against microbial infection. We evaluated the effect of recombinant human MCAF on the survival rate of mice systemically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Salmonella typhimurium. The administration of 2.5 micrograms of MCAF 6 h before infection completely protected the mice from lethal infection. Mice with cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia exhibiting increased susceptibility to P. aeruginosa were also endowed with resistance by the same dose of MCAF. Administration of MCAF at -6 h was critical, since MCAF given either earlier or later than -6 h failed to rescue mice from lethal infection. The in vivo effect on the survival of mice paralleled the reduced recovery of viable P. aeruginosa or S. typhimurium from the peritoneal cavity, i.e., the number of recovered bacteria from the MCAF (2.5 micrograms per mouse)-treated mice was reduced to less than 2% of control mice for P. aeruginosa and 4% of control mice for S. typhimurium at 24 h. Since MCAF exhibited chemotaxis on murine macrophages as well as enhanced phagocytosis and killing of bacteria in vitro, the activation of macrophages, followed by the recruitment into the peritoneal cavity, is responsible for eliminating bacteria and thus enhancing the survival rate.
Multi-Task Cross-Lingual Sequence Tagging from Scratch (2016)

We present a deep hierarchical recurrent neural network for sequence tagging. Given a sequence of words, our model employs deep gated recurrent units on both character and word levels to encode morphology and context information, and applies a conditional random field layer to predict the tags. Our model is task independent, language independent, and feature engineering free. We further extend our model to multi-task and cross-lingual joint training by sharing the architecture and parameters. Our model achieves state-of-the-art results in multiple languages on several benchmark tasks including POS tagging, chunking, and NER. We also demonstrate that multi-task and cross-lingual joint training can improve the performance in various cases.
Anhang 16: Berufe in der Kunststoffverarbeitenden Industrie (KVI) (2017)

No AccessTechnologie der ExtrusionDec 2017Anhang 16: Berufe in der Kunststoffverarbeitenden Industrie (KVI)Helmut Greif, Andreas Limper, Gordon FattmannHelmut Greif, Andreas Limper, Gordon Fattmannhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446436947.016SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 211-218Print ISBN: 978-3-446-43693-0eISBN: 978-3-446-43694-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Strained-Si/SiGe-on-insulator wafers fabricated by Ge-condensation process (2005)

This work presents successful fabrication of uniform 150 and 200 mm strained-Si/SiGe-on-insulator wafers by using the Ge-condensation process and discusses some integration issues. Epitaxial growth of both SiGe and Si films was performed at 600 /spl deg/C in 1 Pa by a mixture of SiH/sub 4/, GeH/sub 4/, and H/sub 2/ using LPCVD system with vertical reactor type. CMOS devices were also fabricated to examine the material quality of the 150 and 200 mm SSOI wafers and commercially available SOI. Poly-Si gate CMOS process with 10 nm thick gate oxide was employed in this work.
Actin dynamics rapidly reset chemoattractant receptor sensitivity following adaptation in neutrophils (2013)

Neutrophils are cells of the innate immune system that hunt and kill pathogens using directed migration. This process, known as chemotaxis, requires the regulation of actin polymerization downstream of chemoattractant receptors. Reciprocal interactions between actin and intracellular signals are thought to underlie many of the sophisticated signal processing capabilities of the chemotactic cascade including adaptation, amplification and long-range inhibition. However, with existing tools, it has been difficult to discern actin's role in these processes. Most studies investigating the role of the actin cytoskeleton have primarily relied on actin-depolymerizing agents, which not only block new actin polymerization but also destroy the existing cytoskeleton. We recently developed a combination of pharmacological inhibitors that stabilizes the existing actin cytoskeleton by inhibiting actin polymerization, depolymerization and myosin-based rearrangements; we refer to these processes collectively as actin dynamics. Here, we investigated how actin dynamics influence multiple signalling responses (PI3K lipid products, calcium and Pak phosphorylation) following acute agonist addition or during desensitization. We find that stabilized actin polymer extends the period of receptor desensitization following agonist binding and that actin dynamics rapidly reset receptors from this desensitized state. Spatial differences in actin dynamics may underlie front/back differences in agonist sensitivity in neutrophils.
2.3 A 220GOPS 96-Core Processor with 6 Chiplets 3D-Stacked on an Active Interposer Offering 0.6ns/mm Latency, 3Tb/s/mm2 Inter-Chiplet Interconnects and 156mW/mm2@ 82%-Peak-Efficiency DC-DC Converters (2020)

In the context of high-performance computing and big-data applications, the quest for performance requires modular, scalable, energy-efficient, low-cost manycore systems. Partitioning the system into multiple chiplets 3D-stacked onto large-scale interposers - organic substrate [1], 2.5D passive interposer [2] or silicon bridge [3] -leads to large modular architectures and cost reductions in advanced technologies by the Known Good Die (KGD) strategy and yield management. However, these approaches lack flexible efficient long-distance communications, smooth integration of heterogeneous chiplets, and easy integration of less-scalable analog functions, such as power management [4] and system IOs. To tackle these issues, this paper presents an active interposer integrating: i) a Switched Capacitor Voltage Regulator (SCVR) for on-chip power management; ii) flexible system interconnect topologies between all chiplets for scalable cache coherency support; iii) energy-efficient 3D-plugs for dense inter-layer communication; iv) a memory-IO controller and PHY for socket communication. The chip (Fig. 2.3.7) integrates 96 cores in 6 chiplets in 28nm FDSOI CMOS, 30-stacked in a face-to-face configuration using 20μm-pitch micro-bumps (μ-bumps) onto a 200 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active interposer with 40μm-pitch Through Silicon Via (TSV) middle in a 65nm technology node. Even though complex functions are integrated, active-interposer yield is high thanks to the mature 65nm node and a reduced complexity (0.08transistors/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), with 30% of interposer area devoted to a SCVR variability-tolerant capacitors scheme.
Assessing Somatosensory Utilization during Unipedal Postural Control (2017)

Multisensory-visual, vestibular and somatosensory information is integrated for appropriate postural control. The primary goal of this study was to assess somatosensory utilization during a functional motor task of unipedal postural control, in normal healthy adults. Assessing individual bias in the utilization of individual sensory contributions during postural control may help customization of rehabilitation protocols. In this study, a test paradigm of unipedal stance control in supine orientation with and without vision was assessed. Postural control in this test paradigm was hypothesized to utilize predominantly contributions of somatosensory information from the feet and ankle joint, with minimal vestibular input. Fourteen healthy subjects "stood" supine on their dominant leg while strapped to a backpack frame that was freely moving on air-bearings, to remove available otolith tilt cues with respect to gravity that influences postural control when standing upright. The backpack was attached through a cable to a pneumatic cylinder that provided a gravity-like load. Subjects performed three trials each with Eyes-open (EO) and Eyes-closed (EC) while loaded with 60% body weight. There was no difference in unipedal stance time (UST) across the two conditions with EC condition challenging the postural control system greater than the EO condition. Stabilogram-diffusion analysis (SDA) indicated that the critical mean square displacement was significantly different between the two conditions. Vestibular cues, both in terms of magnitude and the duration for which relevant information was available for postural control in this test paradigm, were minimized. These results support our hypothesis that maintaining unipedal stance in supine orientation without vision, minimizes vestibular contribution and thus predominantly utilizes somatosensory information for postural control.
Compliant Mechanism Prototyping (2000)

Abstract Flexible segments present challenges to prototyping compliant mechanisms. This paper discusses methods for prototyping compliant mechanisms, including use of 3-axis CNC milling, laser cutting, and wire EDM. Rapid prototyping methods and hybrid methods are also discussed. A method for machining living hinge prototypes with good fatigue life is also documented.
Thermodynamic Investigation into the Binding Properties of DNA Functionalized Gold Nanoparticle Probes and Molecular Fluorophore Probes* (2020)

Oligonucleotide functionalized gold nanoparticles, or nanoparticle probes, have become the basis for an increasing number of diagnostic applications that compete with molecular fluorophores in certain settings. Several studies have qualitatively determined that the presence of gold nanoparticle probes results in cooperative melting properties of the probe/target complex, which both sharpen and increase the melting transition of DNA-linked nanoparticle aggregates. Binding of nanoparticle probes to a complementary target sequence modified with a molecular fluorophore resulted in quenching and decreased fluorescence intensity. At room temperature, this translates to binding of the nanoparticles at concentrations as low as 20 fmol. Nanoparticle probes have a higher binding constant, which increases the sensitivity of assays based upon them, as compared with their molecular counterparts. As the length of the recognition sequence increases, the enhancement of the binding strength diminishes. In designing an effective probe, a balance must be maintained between binding strength and selectivity.
Visible to near-infrared photodetectors based on MoS2vertical Schottky junctions (2017)

Over the past few years, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as MoS<sub>2</sub>, have been widely considered as the promising channel materials for next-generation high-performance phototransistors. However, their device performances still mostly suffer from slow photoresponse (e.g. with the time constant in the order of milliseconds) due to the relatively long channel length and the substantial surface defect induced carrier trapping, as well as the insufficient detectivity owing to the relatively large dark current. In this work, a simple multilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> based photodetector employing vertical Schottky junctions of Au-MoS<sub>2</sub>-ITO is demonstrated. This unique device structure can significantly suppress the dark current down to 10<sup>-12</sup> A and enable the fast photoresponse of 64 μs, together with the stable responsivity of ∼1 A W<sup>-1</sup> and the high photocurrent to dark current ratio of ∼10<sup>6</sup> at room temperature. This vertical-Schottky photodetector can also exhibit a wide detection range from visible to 1000 nm. All these results demonstrate clearly that the vertical Schottky structure is an effective configuration for achieving high-performance optoelectronic devices based on 2D materials.
Spontaneous Protein Adsorption on Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Allowing Efficient Intracellular Vaccine Protein Delivery (2015)

Nanomaterials hold potential of altering the interaction between therapeutic molecules and target cells or tissues. High aspect ratio nanomaterials in particular have been reported to possess unprecedented properties and are intensively investigated for their interaction with biological systems. Graphene oxide (GOx) is a water-soluble graphene derivative that combines high aspect ratio dimension with functional groups that can be exploited for bioconjugation. Here, we demonstrate that GOx nanosheets can spontaneously adsorb proteins by a combination of interactions. This property is then explored for intracellular protein vaccine delivery, in view of the potential of GOx nanosheets to destabilize lipid membranes such as those of intracellular vesicles. Using a series of in vitro experiments, we show that GOx nanosheet adsorbed proteins are efficiently internalized by dendritic cells (DCs: the most potent class of antigen presenting cells of the immune system) and promote antigen cross-presentation to CD8 T cells. The latter is a hallmark in the induction of potent cellular antigen-specific immune responses against intracellular pathogens and cancer.
Mutagenesis‐Independent Stabilization of Class B Flavin Monooxygenases in Operation (2017)

Abstract This paper describes the stabilization of flavin‐dependent monooxygenases under reaction conditions, using an engineered formulation of additives (the natural cofactors NADPH and FAD, and superoxide dismutase and catalase as catalytic antioxidants). This way, a 10 3 ‐ to 10 4 ‐fold increase of the half‐life was reached without resource‐intensive directed evolution or structure‐dependent protein engineering methods. The stabilized enzymes are highly valued for their synthetic potential in biotechnology and medicinal chemistry (enantioselective sulfur, nitrogen and Baeyer–Villiger oxidations; oxidative human metabolism), but widespread application was so far hindered by their notorious fragility. Our technology immediately enables their use, does not require structural knowledge of the biocatalyst, and creates a strong basis for the targeted development of improved variants by mutagenesis. magnified image
Defect-centric perspective of combined BTI and RTN time-dependent variability (2015)

This paper describes the implications of time-dependent threshold voltage variability, induced by Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) and Random Telegraph Noise (RTN), on the reliability and performance of advanced technology nodes. Investigation of time-dependent variability at the individual trap level, e.g. in production environments, is not feasible with approaches such as single device measurements developed in the academic literature. Nonetheless, nFET and pFET time-dependent variability, in addition to standard time-zero variability, can be fully characterized and projected using a series of measurements on a large test element group. The statistical distributions encompassing both BTI and RTN variability and their correlations are discussed from a defect-centric perspective.
P‐186: Realization of Low‐Voltage Drop across Charge Generation Layer using Bi‐layer Oxide Semiconductors for Tandem OLEDs (2017)

The efficient charge generation ability of the MoOx/transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS) bi‐layer is reported. The MoOx/TAOS bi‐layer charge generation layer (CGL) exhibited high optical transparency, low carrier injection barrier and low driving voltage for tandem OLEDs. It was also discovered that TAOS has ohmic contact with MoOx, which resulted in very small voltage drop across the charge generation layer. These results suggest that novel tandem white OLEDs with low driving voltage would be realized using the MoOx/ TAOS CGL.
Assessment of an adjustment factor to model radar range dependent error (2012)

Quantitative radar precipitation estimates are affected by errors determined by many causes such as radar miscalibration, range degradation, attenuation, ground clutter, variability of Z-R relation, variability of drop size distribution, vertical air motion, anomalous propagation and beam-blocking. Range degradation ( including beam broadening and sampling of precipitation at an increasing altitude) and signal attenuation, determine a range dependent behavior of error. The aim of this work is to model the range-dependent error through an adjustment factor derived from the G/R ratio trend against the range, where G and R are the corresponding rain gauge and radar rainfall amounts computed at each rain gauge location. Since range degradation and signal attenuation effects are negligible close to the radar, resultsshowthatwithin 40 km from radar the overall range error is independent of the distance from Polar 55C and no range-correction is needed. Nevertheless, up to this distance, the G/R ratiocan showa concave trend with the range, which is due to the melting layer interception by the radar beam during stratiform events.
Retrospective Identification of a Broad IgG Repertoire Differentiating Patients With S. aureus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections From Controls (2019)

<b>Background:</b> Although the relevance of humoral immunity for protection against <i>S. aureus</i> skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) has been suggested by several animal and human studies, the question of which human antibodies may be protective has so far impeded the development of a safe and effective vaccine. Because most adults have developed certain anti-<i>S. aureus</i> antibodies due to <i>S. aureus</i> colonization or infection, we hypothesized that the titers of antibodies to <i>S. aureus</i> in uninfected controls would differ from those in infected patients and would also differ in infected patients from the time of acute infection to a 40-day convalescent serum. <b>Methods:</b> To test these hypotheses, we measured human antibody levels against a panel of 134 unique antigens comprising the <i>S. aureus</i> surfome and secretome in subjects with active culture-confirmed <i>S. aureus</i> SSTIs (cases) and in controls with no infection, using a novel <i>S. aureus</i> protein microarray. <b>Results:</b> Most <i>S. aureus</i> SSTI patients (<i>n</i> = 60) and controls (<i>n</i> = 142) had antibodies to many of the tested <i>S. aureus</i> antigens. Univariate analysis showed statistically weak differences in the IgG levels to some antigens in the SSTI patient (case) sera compared with controls. Antibody levels to most tested antigens did not increase comparing acute with 40-day serum. Multiple logistic regression identified a rich subset of antigens that, by their antibody levels, together correctly differentiated all cases from all controls. <b>Conclusions:</b> Antibodies directed against <i>S. aureus</i> antigens were present both in patients with <i>S. aureus</i> SSTIs and in uninfected control patients. We found that SSTI patients and controls could be distinguished only based on differences in antibody levels to many staphylococcal surface and secreted antigens. Our results demonstrate that in the studied population, the levels of anti-<i>S. aureus</i> antibodies appear largely fixed, suggesting that there may be some level of unresponsiveness to natural infection.
Measurements and Simulations of Cold Gas Flows in High Voltage Gas Circuit Breakers Geometries (2008)

Measurements and simulations of cold gas flows in Gas Circuit Breakers (GCB) geometries were done. The found flow patterns are related to the dielectric performance during a switching operation. A reference experiment was designed with direct pressure measurements at several positions in the nozzle-diffuser system and on the edge of the plug tip. The results show the development of minimum density regions around the edge of the plug tip. For many contact designs this is also the region of highest electric field stress and thus dielectrically weak. The measurements are compared to CFD simulations and show mostly very good agreement. The flow pattern can be quite complex, including supersonic velocities and shock fronts as well as regions of flow separation and re-attachment. An experimental sensitivity analysis was performed to study the influence of deviations from the idealized reference geometry to real circuit breakers, where deviations from e.g. perfect axis- symmetry are inevitable.
Thulium-doped distributed feedback and distributed Bragg reflector lasers on silicon chips (2017)

We report on high-power CMOS-compatible thulium-doped distributed feedback and distributed Bragg reflector lasers with single-mode output powers up to 267 mW and 387 mW, and slope efficiencies of 14% and 23% respectively. More than 70 dB side-mode suppression ratio are achieved for both lasers. This work extends the applicability of silicon photonic microsystems into the 2 μm region.