gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the prefabricated routing track distribution on FPGA area-efficiency (1998)

In most commercial field programmable gate arrays (FPGA's) the number of wiring tracks in each channel is the same across the entire chip. A long-standing open question for both FPGA's and channeled gate arrays is whether or not some uneven distribution of routing tracks across the chip would lead to an area benefit. For example, many circuit designers intuitively believe that most congestion occurs near the center of a chip, and hence expect that having wider routing channels near the chip center would be beneficial. In this paper, we determine the relative area-efficiency of several different routing track distributions. We first investigate FPGA's in which horizontal and vertical channels contain different numbers of tracks in order to determine if such a directional bias provides a density advantage. Second, we examine routing track distributions in which the track capacities vary from channel to channel. We compare the area efficiency of these nonuniform routing architectures to that of an FPGA with uniform channel capacities across the entire chip. The main result is that the most area-efficient global routing architecture is one with uniform (or very nearly uniform) channel capacities across the entire chip in both the horizontal and vertical directions. This paper shows why this result, which is contrary to the intuition of many FPGA architects, is true. While a uniform routing architecture is the most area-efficient, several nonuniform and directionally biased architectures are fairly area-efficient provided that appropriate choices are made for the pin positions on the logic blocks and the logic block array aspect ratio.
MegaPose: 6D Pose Estimation of Novel Objects via Render & Compare (2022)

International audience
46‐2: Distinguished Paper : Dynamic Real World Objects in Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications (2017)

We present a flexible algorithmic pipeline for high‐quality three‐dimensional acquisition of dynamic real world objects. In this context we discuss the reduction of mesh complexity as one of the key challenges for visualizing reconstructed three‐dimensional content in augmented and virtual reality applications.
Performance comparison of fiber Bragg gratings sensor interrogation using two kinds of wavelength-swept lasers (2012)

We report a performance comparison of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) sensor interrogation using two kinds of wavelength swept lasers. In a wavelength swept laser with a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF), the reflected signal from the FBGs in temporal domain has a nonlinear response with respect to the sinusoidal modulation signal. The output of the time delay for the strained FBGs sensor array in the wavelength swept laser with FFP-TF has different slope coefficient for each FBGs, while the reflected output of the strained FBGs in the wavelength swept laser with polygon scanning filter has same slope coefficient for each FBGs.
Global optimization for accurate and efficient parameter estimation in nanofiltration (2022)

One of the most well-established frameworks for modeling multicomponent transport in nanofiltration (NF) is the Donnan-Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion (DSPM-DE). Conventional DSPM-DE characterizes transport across NF membranes through four governing membrane parameters: (1) pore radius; (2) effective membrane thickness; (3) membrane charge density; and (4) the dielectric constant inside the membrane pores. The process for quantifying these parameters is typically sequential. First, neutral solute experiments are performed to determine pore radius and effective membrane thickness. Next, charged species experiments are conducted, and the data is used to regress out the remaining parameters. The resulting regressions are often performed using local search algorithms that can struggle to provide low residuals with robust fits. In addition, this two-step approach tends to: (1) require a substantial number of charged and uncharged solute experiments; and (2) introduce assumed relationships between pore size and water flux, such as the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, which may not be representative of transport through complex pore networks. To address these issues, we propose the use of metaheuristic global optimization techniques supplemented with gradient-free local search and maximum likelihood estimation to simultaneously regress all four membrane parameters directly from charged species experiments. We validate our approach against eight independent datasets across diverse input salinities, compositions, and membranes.
Laseres (2018)

Nuestro análisis sobre láseres se concentrará en las propiedades características de la radiación láser. Comenzaremos considerando su direccionalidad, monocroma- ticidad e intensidad, y a continuación pasaremos a describir el carácter gaussiano de la emision láser en su modo fundamental. Terminaremos con aquellos aspectos relacio­nados con la medida de los parámetros de haces láser.
Comment on “The promise of microfluidic artificial lungs” by J. A. Potkay, Lab Chip, 2014, 14, 4122–4138 (2016)

This comment on an article that appeared in this journal (Potkay, Lab Chip, 2014, 14, 4122-4138) presents an alternative view on the feasibility and clinical application of current microfluidic artificial lungs.
Analysis of arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional microwave circuits by finite-difference time-domain method (1988)

A version of the finite-difference time-domain method adapted to the needs of S-matrix calculations of microwave two-dimensional circuits is presented. The analysis is conducted by simulating the wave propagation in the circuit terminated by matched loads and excited by a matched pulse source. Various aspects of the method's accuracy are investigated. Practical computer implementation of the method is discussed, and an example of its application to an arbitrarily shaped microstrip circuit is presented. It is shown that the method in the proposed form is an effective tool of circuit analysis in engineering applications. The method is compared to two other methods used for a similar purpose, namely the contour integral method and the transmission-line matrix method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Anaerobic Metabolism Occurs in the Substratum of Gonococcal Biofilms and May Be Sustained in Part by Nitric Oxide (2010)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the etiologic agent of gonorrhea, which has been among the most frequently reported communicable diseases in the United States since 1960. Women frequently do not exhibit symptoms, which can lead to chronic infection. N. gonorrhoeae readily forms biofilms over abiotic surfaces, over primary and transformed cervical epithelial cells, and over cervical tissues in vivo. Biofilms are often associated with chronic infection, which suggests a link between biofilm formation and asymptomatic gonorrhea in women. Proteins involved in anaerobic metabolism and oxidative-stress tolerance are critical for normal biofilm formation of N. gonorrhoeae. Therefore, we examined the spatial profiles of anaerobic respiration in N. gonorrhoeae, using an aniA'-'gfp transcriptional fusion. Nitric oxide (NO) can elicit biofilm dispersal when present at sublethal concentrations in the surrounding medium. Some reports indicate that NO may also encourage biofilm formation at higher, potentially lethal concentrations. NO is produced by polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMNs) and cervical endothelial and epithelial cells. Thus, we also examined the effect of NO on N. gonorrhoeae biofilms. We found that anaerobic respiration occurs predominantly in the substratum of gonococcal biofilms and that expression of aniA is induced over time in biofilms. Treatment with high concentrations of a rapid-release NO donor prevents biofilm formation when supplied early in biofilm development but can also enhance biofilm formation once anaerobic respiration is initiated. NO treatment partially restores biofilm formation in an aniA::kan insertion mutant, which suggests that N. gonorrhoeae in biofilms may use NO as a substrate for anaerobic growth but prefer nitrite.
PtIV-Catalyzed Cyclization of Arene−Alkyne Substrates via Intramolecular Electrophilic Hydroarylation (2003)

[reaction: see text] We herein report that PtCl(4) has proven to be a hydroarylation catalyst with an efficiency and substrate scope superior to previously known methods. This catalyst demonstrated consistent performance with arene-yne substrates of diverse structural features, including propargyl ethers, propargylamines, and alkynoate esters, providing good to excellent yields of the 6-endo products (chromenes, dihydroquinolines, and coumarins). In contrast, Pt(II), Pd(II), and Ga(III) salts were shown to be sensitive to the substitution on the alkyne moiety.
Analysis of the effect of boron doping on GeTe Phase Change Memories (2012)

For the first time, we evaluate the electrical behavior of boron doped GeTe Phase-Change Memories (PCM). Our results demonstrate 25% RESET current reduction and excellent resistance contrast between SET and RESET states with B doping. A further benefit of controlled SET dynamics makes it favorable for MLC applications. Finally, we demonstrate that boron doped GeTe phase change materials maintain good device endurance reliability.
Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Compressible DNS (2003)

A discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is formulated, implemented, and tested for simulation of compressible turbulent flows. The method is applied to a range of test problems including steady and unsteady flow over a circular cylinder, inviscid flow over an inclined ellipse, and fully developed turbulent flow in a planar channel. In all cases, local hp-refinement is utilized to obtain high quality solutions with fewer degrees of freedom than traditional numerical methods. The formulation and validation cases presented here lay the foundation for future applications of DG for simulation of compressible turbulent flows in complex geometries.
MAPK Pathway Suppression Unmasks Latent DNA Repair Defects and Confers a Chemical Synthetic Vulnerability in BRAF-, NRAS -, and NF1 -Mutant Melanomas (2019)

Although the majority of <i>BRAF</i>-mutant melanomas respond to BRAF/MEK inhibitors, these agents are not typically curative. Moreover, they are largely ineffective in <i>NRAS</i>- and <i>NF1</i>-mutant tumors. Here we report that genetic and chemical suppression of HDAC3 potently cooperates with MAPK pathway inhibitors in all three RAS pathway-driven tumors. Specifically, we show that entinostat dramatically enhances tumor regression when combined with BRAF/MEK inhibitors, in both models that are sensitive or relatively resistant to these agents. Interestingly, <i>MGMT</i> expression predicts responsiveness and marks tumors with latent defects in DNA repair. BRAF/MEK inhibitors enhance these defects by suppressing homologous recombination genes, inducing a BRCA-like state; however, addition of entinostat triggers the concomitant suppression of nonhomologous end-joining genes, resulting in a chemical synthetic lethality caused by excessive DNA damage. Together, these studies identify melanomas with latent DNA repair defects, describe a promising drug combination that capitalizes on these defects, and reveal a tractable therapeutic biomarker. SIGNIFICANCE: BRAF/MEK inhibitors are not typically curative in <i>BRAF</i>-mutant melanomas and are ineffective in <i>NRAS</i>- and <i>NF1</i>-mutant tumors. We show that HDAC inhibitors dramatically enhance the efficacy of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in sensitive and insensitive RAS pathway-driven melanomas by coordinately suppressing two DNA repair pathways, and identify a clinical biomarker that predicts responsiveness.<i>See related commentary by Lombard et al., p. 469</i>.<i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 453</i>.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐1H‐thieno(3,4‐c)‐ and ‐thieno(3,2‐c)‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 2,2‐Dioxides. (1989)

Abstract Sulfamoylation of methyl 3‐aminothiophene‐4‐carboxylate (I) followed by cyclization gives the thieno(3,4‐c)thiadiazine derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: TiO2 — A Prototypical Memristive Material (2012)

Abstract Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Samarium(III) Catalysts via Electron Transfer Initiation: The Facile Synthesis of Well‐Defined (Meth)acrylate Triblock Copolymers (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Observation of Stark-Induced Electric Dipole Transition in Atomic Samarium with Optical Double Resonance (2002)

The Stark-induced electric dipole ( E 1) transition for a high-lying odd-parity level in atomic samarium (Sm) was observed with an optical double-resonance technique as a preliminary study for measuring parity nonconservation (PNC). While a pump laser was locked to an E 1 transition from the 0-cm -1 to 15650.55-cm -1 levels, a probe laser was tuned to the parity forbidden transitions under static electric field. For the probe transition from the 15650.55-cm -1 to 28233.08-cm -1 levels, we have observed the Stark-induced E 1 transition. In order to investigate the contribution of the 28233.08-cm -1 level to the Stark-induced E 1 transition, the tensor polarizability was measured. We have found that the observed Stark-induced E 1 transition is anomalously strong compared with the one estimated from α 2 and an E 1 transition measured as a reference. The transition is one of candidates for improving the precision of the PNC measurements.
Energy consumption in VLSI circuits (1988)

We study energy consumption in CMOS-style VLSI circuits, where a wire of length / consumes energy Θ(l)when switching. Three model are considered: the uniswitch model where a wire is assumed to switch at most once if the input changes, the multiswitch model which allows the possibility of multiple switches caused by uncontrolled delays, and the clock model which also takes clock distribution energy into account. Previous lower bound results for the uniswitch model applied only to circuits where intermediate data were not encoded (for example, in unary) by using additional wires and area to reduce the energy. We show that such encodings can be useful for adding two n-bit numbers using synchronous Boolean circuits (energy reduction from Θ(n log n) to Ο(n log n/(log log n)), but not for transitive functions such as the cyclic shift of n bits (energy Θ(n2)). For the multiswitch model, we develop layouts that achieve energy close to the uniswitch case for these problems, and show a separation result between the uniswitch and multiswitch models. Finally, some energy-period tradeoffs are shown for the clock model.
10‐2: Waveguide Manufacturing for AR Displays: Past, Present, and Future (2019)

Current AR waveguide fabrication processes, including Surface Relief Gratings (SRG), holographic and cascaded mirrors, are reviewed. We present DigiLens's Switchable Bragg Grating (SBG)‐based manufacturing process which transforms classical holographic contact copying into a versatile, cost‐effective printing process for AR waveguides of any size and field‐of‐view.
Development of an operational high refractive index resist for 193nm immersion lithography (2008)

Generation-three (Gen-3) immersion lithography offers the promise of enabling the 32nm half-pitch node. For Gen-3 lithography to be successful, however, there must be major breakthroughs in materials development: The hope of obtaining numerical aperture imaging &ge; 1.70 is dependent on a high index lens, fluid, and resist. Assuming that a fluid and a lens will be identified, this paper focuses on a possible path to a high index resist. Simulations have shown that the index of the resist should be &ge; 1.9 with any index higher than 1.9 leading to an increased process latitude. Creation of a high index resist from conventional chemistry has been shown to be unrealistic. The answer may be to introduce a high index, polarizable material into a resist that is inert relative to the polymer behavior, but will this too degrade the performance of the overall system? The specific approach is to add very high index (~2.9) nanoparticles to an existing resist system. These nanoparticles have a low absorbance; consequently the imaging of conventional 193nm resists does not degrade. Further, the nanoparticles are on the order of 3nm in diameter, thus minimizing any impact on line edge roughness (LER).
Current Workload Recommendations in Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review (2019)

Evidence, although limited, suggests the use of pitch counts to decrease injury rates and pain in Little League and high school baseball pitchers. However, further research must be performed to determine the appropriate number of pitches (or throws) for players of different ages. This systematic review reported conflicting evidence regarding the use of pitch counts in college and professional baseball. Future high-quality research is required to determine the role, if any, of pitch counts for collegiate and professional pitchers.
Common path Michelson interferometer based on multiple reflections within the sample arm: sensor applications and imaging artefacts (2010)

We present a simple common path dual beam interferometric sensor platform using a low-coherence source. In our implementation we exploit (in a controlled manner) the multiple reflections within the sample arm to provide the reference arm. This simple setup removes the need for a separate reference arm and allows an alternative architecture for using low-coherence sources in interferometric sensors. We demonstrate the sensor characteristics by using it as a vibrometer and displacement sensor (without directional sensitivity). Vibration frequencies from 50 to 300 Hz were measured with 1% precision while displacements from 6 to 24 μm were measured with 125 nm precision and 625 nm resolution. We discuss improvements, limitations and potential applications. Lastly, we point to the artefactual appearance of this sensor in optical coherence tomography setups.
Ein wichtiger Schritt hin zur elektrochemischen Herstellung von Flüssigbrennstoffen (2014)

Auf Erfolgskurs: Mithilfe eines nanostrukturierten Kupferelektrokatalysators, der von einem Kupferoxid abgeleitet ist, kann Kohlenmonoxid zu Oxygenaten mit einem oder mehreren Kohlenstoffatomen, einschließlich Ethanol, reduziert werden. Dies ist ein bedeutender Schritt auf dem Weg zur Herstellung von Flüssigbrennstoffen über die Reduktion von CO2 unter Verwendung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Quellen.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Novel Organohydroborate Hafnocene Complex (η5-C5H5)2Hf{(μ-H)2BC8H14)}Cl (2006)

The compound B(C6F5)3 and its variations have been widely employed as alkyl carbanion abstracting reagents to produce metallocene cations for olefin polymerization.1-3 Weakly coordinating anions containing boron can greatly improve the activity of metallocene catalysts used in industrial olefin polymerization4 and thus group IV and V metallocene complexes of the organohydroborate anions have been intensively investigated.5 Recently, many organohydroborate metallocene complexes have been reported by Shore and co-workers.6-8 A common structural feature of those complexes is the three-center two electron M-H-B bond, like that observed in transition metal tetrahydroborate complexes but the reactivity and fluxional behavior of organohydroborate complexes are unlike those of the tetrahydroborate analogues.6 Although many of those metallocenes have been synthesized, few complexes could be used in the olefin polymerization and then this laboratory has been involved in the chemistry of the cyclic organohydroborate anions, and their group IV metallocene derivatives for the catalyst.9 Described here is recent work that led to the preparation of a novel cyclic organohydroborate hafnocene complex (h5-C5H5)2Hf ？(μ-H)2BC8H14 ,Cl. The hafnocene complex contains the three-center two electron bond Hf-H-B10 in which the hydride abstraction for olefin polymerization may occur.
Within Die Coplanarity Improvement Strategies for Electroplated Cu Pillars (2018)

In wafer level packaging, within die Co-Planarity (CoP) of Cu Pillar (CuP) heights has always been critical for ensuring good electrical connections and low stresses in the final package. The recent market trend towards advanced packages imposes even more stringent CoP demands, thus warrants fundamental understanding of CoP drivers as well as innovations in plating technology. Different die layouts and variable pillar dimensions present their own unique challenges for electroplating. They fall broadly into two classes. While deposition rate is a strong factor in driving the CoP in both classes, beyond that there are stark differences. CoP of Class 1 structures is dominated by the locations of the Cu pillars within the die, and only slightly affected by Cu concentration and convection of the electroplating solution. CoP of Class 2 structures is dominated by the size differences of the pillars rather than their locations within the die, and they are highly sensitive to both Cu concentration and convection. In this paper we review the factors influencing CoP for these two classes and present the strategies for CoP improvement in each case.
[P2–077]: INTRACRANIAL PANCREATIC ISLET TRANSPLANTATION ATTENUATES COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONS IN RAT MODELS OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE INDUCED BY ICV‐STREPTOZOTOZIN (STZ) ADMINISTRATION, AND IN RAT EXPOSED TO DIZOCILPINE (MK‐801) (2017)

Recent work has highlighted the important role of insulin action in the central nervous system on memory and mood. Intranasal insulin delivery was conducted in several clinical studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with modest efficacy. Our objectives were:1. To create an efficient and physiologically regulated insulin delivery to the brain by intracranial pancreatic islets transplantation. 2. To assess the capacity of the intracranially grafted islets to attenuate behavioral dysfunctions in rats exposed to the anti NMDA agent dizocilpine (MK-801), and in rat model of sporadic AD induced by icv-STZ administration. 3. To determine the effect of the grafted islets on brain insulin level and on peripheral metabolic parameters. Inbred adult Lewis rats were used. One group of rats were treated for 3 days with MK801 (0.15mg/kg ip) or vehicle. A second group was treated with a single icv-STZ (3 mg/kg) administration to create AD model. Half of the treated rats were transplanted with syngeneic pancreatic islets, which were grafted into the cranial subarachnoid cavity. Spatial memory was assessed 6 weeks post transplantation using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, and locomotion by the Open Field (OF) test. Metabolic effects were studied by analysis of brain insulin and peripheral glucose levels. Islets transplantation in rats significantly increased brain (frontal cortex and hippocampus) insulin levels without affecting blood glucose. In the OF test, rats with grafted islets were not different in motility parameters compared to intact controls. In the MWM paradigm, MK-801 treated rats and icv-STZ treated animal showed marked impaired spatial memory, and grafted islets significantly corrected it. Moreover, the icv-STZ treated rats presented a marked increase in body weight and this metabolic effect was reversed by the grafted islets.
On the random coding exponent of multiple antenna systems using space-time block codes (2004)

An inner space-time block code (STBC) is concatenated with a powerful outer code such as the turbo codes to achieve the low probability of error in a system with multiple antennas at the receiver and the transmitter. We study the overall performance of the system by computing the random coding exponent of the channel by the outer code.