gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Glucosyltransferase and Glucanotransferase Involved in the Production of Cyclic Tetrasaccharide inBacillus globisporusC11 (2002)

Glucosyltransferase and glucanotransferase involved in the production of cyclic tetrasaccharide (CTS; cyclo [-->6]-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->)) from alpha-1,4-glucan were purified from Bacillus globisporus C11. The former was a 1,6-alpha-glucosyltransferase (6GT) catalyzing the a-1,6-transglucosylation of one glucosyl residue to the nonreducing end of maltooligosaccharides (MOS) to produce alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS from MOS. The latter was an isomaltosyl transferase (IMT) catalyzing alpha-1,3-, alpha-1,4-, and alpha,beta-1,1-intermolecular transglycosylation of isomaltosyl residues. When IMT catalyzed alpha-1,3-transglycosylation, alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS was produced from alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS. In addition, IMT catalyzed cyclization, and produced CTS from alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS by intramolecular transglycosylation. Therefore, the mechanism of CTS synthesis from MOS by the two enzymes seemed to follow three steps: 1) MOS-->alpha-isomaltosyl-->MOS (by 6GT), 2) alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS-->alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS (by IMT), and 3) alpha-isomaltosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-isomaltosyl-MOS-->CTS + MOS (by IMT). The molecular mass of 6GT was estimated to be 137 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for 6GT were pH 6.0 and 45 degrees C, respectively. This enzyme was stable at from pH 5.5 to 10 and on being heated to 40 degrees C for 60 min. 6GT was strongly activated and stabilized by various divalent cations. The molecular mass of IMT was estimated to be 102 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for IMT were pH 6.0 and 50 degrees C, respectively. This enzyme was stable at from pH 4.5 to 9.0 and on being heated to 40 degrees C for 60 min. Divalent cations had no effect on the stability or activity of this enzyme.
EFFECT OF VASOPROTECTIVE PEPTIDES ON APOPTOSIS OF ORGANOTYPIC RAT SKIN CULTURE (2021)

Белгородский национальный исследовательский государственный университет, Белгород
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Base‐Catalyzed Stereodivergent Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐3‐Amino‐4,4,4‐trifluorobutanoic Acids. (2012)

Abstract Both enantiomers of 3‐amino‐4,4,4‐trifluorobutanoic acid (IV) can be prepared, simply by choosing an appropriate organic base catalyst for the Mannich reaction of chiral sulfinylimine (I) and alkyl malonates (II).
Adaptation and evaluation of JPEG-based compression for radiographic images (1993)

The transmission of digitized medical images over the existing telecommunications infrastructure presents a formidable challenge. To achieve delivery times on the order of seconds--as opposed to minutes or hours--for large-format high-resolution images, data compression on the order of 25:1 is necessary. This degree of data compression cannot be reached with lossless techniques. This paper reports on an adaptation of a standardized technique for lossy image compression (the JPEG approach), which provides high compression ratios for radiographic images with minimal apparent loss of diagnostic quality.
A face image hashing method based on optimal linear transform under colored Gaussian noise assumption (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel face image hashing method based on an optimal linear transformation. In the proposed method, first, we apply a feature extraction method. Then, we define an optimal linear transformation matrix based on within-class covariance matrix which is the maximum likelihood estimate of the variations of the biometric data belonging to the same user. Next, we reduce the dimension of the feature vector by using this transform. Finally, we apply quantization and obtain a face image hash vector. We test the performance of the proposed method with AT&T and M2VTS face databases and compare the results with the random projection based biometric hashing methods. We perform the simulations by taking into account two scenarios: 1) Secret key is not known by attacker, 2) Attacker illegally acquires the secret key. The simulation results show the proposed method has better performance especially when the secret key has been compromised.
SYNTHESIS OF ACRIDINE BASED THREADING INTERCALATORS (2008)

The multistep synthesis of two N, N -Bis[2[[4-[[iV-(dimethylamino)aIkyl]carbamoyl]thiazol-2yl]carbamoyl]ethyl]acridine-4,9-dicarboxamides as novel threading intercalators is reported. Preliminary studies show that the molecules exhibit moderately strong DNA affinity.
The Design of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanocarriers for Medical Applications (2020)

Polymeric biomaterials have found widespread applications in nanomedicine, and poly(lactide-co-glycolide), (PLGA) in particular has been successfully implemented in numerous drug delivery formulations due to its synthetic malleability and biocompatibility. However, the need for preconception in these formulations is increasing, and this can be achieved by selection and elimination of design variables in order for these systems to be tailored for their specific applications. The starting materials and preparation methods have been shown to influence various parameters of PLGA-based nanocarriers and their implementation in drug delivery systems, while the implementation of computational simulations as a component of formulation studies can provide valuable information on their characteristics. This review provides a critical summary of the synthesis and applications of PLGA-based systems in bio-medicine and outlines experimental and computational design considerations of these systems.
Factors controlling pancreatic islet neogenesis. (1993)

We have established a model in which cellophane wrapping induces reiteration of the normal ontogeny of beta-cell differentiation from ductal tissue. The secretion of insulin is physiologic and coordinated to the needs of the animal. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in hamsters can be "cured" at least half the time. There appears to be activation of growth factor(s) within the pancreas, acting in an autocrine, paracrine, or juxtacrine manner to induce ductal cell proliferation and differentiation into functioning beta cells. Given the results of our studies to date, it does not seem premature to envisage new approaches to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Identification of the factor(s) regulating islet-cell proliferation and differentiation in our model may permit islets to be grown in culture. This concept could be extended to induce endocrine cell differentiation in vitro as well. Furthermore, islet-cell growth factors could be used to provide "trophic support" to islet transplants as a means of maintaining graft viability. There may also be greater scope for gene therapy when the growth factor(s) have been isolated, purified, sequenced, and cloned.
Relay Channel With Private Messages (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The relay channel with private messages (RCPM) is a generalized relay channel model where in addition to the traditional communication from source to destination (assisted by relay), the source has a private message for the relay, and the relay has a private message for the destination. This paper develops coding strategies for this channel based on decode-and-forward and compress-and-forward schemes. Achievable rate regions as well as outer bounds on the capacity region are obtained for the discrete memoryless relay channel with private messages. Then, the Gaussian versions of this channel are studied and achievable rate regions are characterized. Numerical results are provided that give insights into the trade-offs between private messaging and relayed messaging in this hybrid three-node network. </para>
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Stannyl Enones as Radical Traps: A Very Direct Route to PGF2α. (1988)

Abstract Radical‐induced reaction of the β‐stannyl enone (III) with the iodo acetals (VI) and (VIII) gives the enones (VII) and (IX) via a so‐called cyclization‐trapping sequence.
From Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies to Multiple Organ Support Therapy (2018)

The incidence of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is rapidly increasing in intensive care units (ICU). It usually combines with sepsis and is the most frequent cause of death in the ICU patients. The nature of the ICU patients has changed in the last years. It includes a variety of patients with severe cases due to major surgical interventions, trauma, hemodynamic instability, sepsis, and so on but also older people than previous times. All these situations can easily lead to MODS. In the prior years, the only available and efficient therapy was renal replacement therapy (RRT) for treating acute renal failure, but the development of technology also gives us devices to support the other systems. The adequacy of any artificial organ support is evaluated by how closely it mimics the flexibility and efficacy of the organ systems it seeks to substitute or support. In a sequence of events, such as that created by sepsis and MODS, all these criteria should be applied at the same time but for different organs and different tasks. RRT and especially continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) allowed extracorporeal treatment in critically ill patients with hyper catabolism and fluid overload with excellent hemodynamic stability. New techniques in CRRT as high volume hemofiltration have been applied in septic patients with very promising results. In the light of these observations, a new thought arises: Can extracorporeal blood purification have a positive impact on different organ systems? A possible answer might come from the simple observation that all organs share one aspect in common: contact with blood. All extracorporeal therapies also have one aspect in common: treatment of blood. Based on these observations and knowledge of the molecular biology of sepsis, a "humoral" theory of MODS makes pathophysiological sense and its consequence triggers the need to consider extracorporeal therapies as multiple organ support therapies and not just as single organ support.
Approximate Inverse Chain Preconditioner: Iteration Count Case Study for Spectral Support Solvers (2020)

As the growing availability of computational power slows, there has been an increasing reliance on algorithmic advances. However, faster algorithms alone will not necessarily bridge the gap in allowing computational scientists to study problems at the edge of scientific discovery in the next several decades. Often, it is necessary to simplify or precondition solvers to accelerate the study of large systems of linear equations commonly seen in a number of scientific fields. Preconditioning a problem to increase efficiency is often seen as the best approach; yet, preconditioners which are fast, smart, and efficient do not always exist. Following the progress of [1], we present a new preconditioner for symmetric diagonally dominant (SDD) systems of linear equations. These systems are common in certain PDEs, network science, and supervised learning among others. Based on spectral support graph theory, this new preconditioner builds off of the work of [2], computing and applying a V-cycle chain of approximate inverse matrices. This preconditioner approach is both algebraic in nature as well as hierarchically-constrained depending on the condition number of the system to be solved. Due to its generation of an Approximate Inverse Chain of matrices, we refer to this as the AIC preconditioner. We further accelerate the AIC preconditioner by utilizing precomputations to simplify setup and multiplications in the context of an iterative Krylov-subspace solver. While these iterative solvers can greatly reduce solution time, the number of iterations can grow large quickly in the absence of good preconditioners. Initial results for the AIC preconditioner have shown a very large reduction in iteration counts for SDD systems as compared to standard preconditioners such as Incomplete Cholesky (ICC) and Multigrid (MG). We further show significant reduction in iteration counts against the more advanced Combinatorial Multigrid (CMG) preconditioner. We have further developed no-fill sparsification techniques to ensure that the computational cost of applying the AIC preconditioner does not grow prohibitively large as the depth of the V-cycle grows for systems with larger condition numbers. Our numerical results have shown that these sparsifiers maintain the sparsity structure of our system while also displaying significant reductions in iteration counts <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Operational characteristics of variable capacitance micromotor drives: a preliminary investigation (2005)

This paper reports a study of the electromechanical principles involved in a variable capacitance micro-motor (VCM). It examines the principle of energy conversion for the machine. It also explores the electrostatic force analysis using coenergy method and Maxwell stress tensor method which can be used to estimate force densities in the air gap. A multi-level inverter has been designed and simulated for this machine supplying it with a preset value of voltage. Further, impact of various rotor profiles on torque versus angle characteristics of the VCM has been addressed. This study provides insight for design and control of VCM
Production of ultrafine metal oxide aerosol particles by thermal decomposition of metal alkoxide vapors (1986)

Abstract Ultrafine spherical titanium, silicon, and aluminium oxide particles were prepared by the thermal decomposition of their alkoxide vapors, produced by evaporation and subsequent heating. High‐concentration ultrafine particles having geometric mean diameters ranging between 0.01 and 0.06 μm and a geometric standard deviation of about 1.4 were obtained by varying the temperatures of the evaporator containing the liquid alkoxides and the reactor furnace, and the flow rate of carrier gas. For furnace temperatures lower than 400°C for TiO 2 and 1000°C for SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , the particles obtained were found to be amorphous. The observed changes in the particle size distributions due to changes in operating conditions were compared with those predicted theoretically by solving the discrete‐continuous aerosol general dynamic equation accounting for coagulation and generation of monomer by thermal decomposition. The effect of monomer number concentration on the size distribution of generated particles was found to be qualitatively explained.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Key Propargylic Alcohol Intermediates of the Anti-HIV Drug Efavirenz (2018)

The catalytic, enantioselective synthesis of key propargylic alcohol intermediates toward the synthesis of the anti-HIV drug efavirenz is reported. Using a recently reported chiral-at-ruthenium catalyst (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 4322), catalytic enantioselective alkynylations of 1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (99% yield, 95% ee) and 1-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone (97% yield, 99% ee) are achieved using catalyst loadings of merely 0.2 mol % (ca. 500 TON).
Lessons in Translating University Research to the Marketplace (2016)

From licensing patents to existing companies, to creating entirely new companies, multiple routes exist to enable the translation of academic research to the market. This article will explore lessons learned from experiences with different approaches, also examining keys to entrepreneurial success involving financing, partnerships, the importance of diversity in driving team innovation, and advantages of operating in a convergence framework for shaping success in a global marketplace.
Thermal Equilibrium of Two Conformations in Photosensitive Nitrile Hydratase Probed by the FTIR Band of Nitric Oxide Bound to the Non-Heme Iron Center (2004)

Nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus N-771 is a novel enzyme that is inactive in the dark due to an enodogenous nitric oxide (NO) molecule bound to the non-heme iron center, and is activated by its photodissociation. FTIR spectra in the NO stretching region of the dark-inactive NHase were recorded in the temperature range of 270-80 K. Two NO peaks were observed at 1854 and 1846 cm-1 at 270 K, and both frequencies upshifted as the temperature was lowered, retaining the peak separation of 8-9 cm-1. The relative intensity of the lower-frequency peak increased with decreasing temperature up to ~120 K, whereas it was mostly unchanged below this temperature. This observation indicates that two distinct conformations with slightly different NO structures are thermally equilibrated in the dark-inactive NHase above ~120 K, and the interconversion is frozen-in at lower temperatures. The intensity ratio of the NO bands changed gradually upon increasing the pH from 5.5 to 11.0, but no specific pKa value was found. This result, together with the comparison of the light-induced FTIR difference spectra measured at pH 6.5 and 9.0, suggests that the protonation/deprotonation of a specific amino acid group in the active site of NHase is not a direct cause of the occurrence of the two conformations, although several protonatable groups in the protein may influence the energetics of the two conformers. From the previous observation that the isolated alpha subunit of NHase exhibited a single broad NO peak, it is suggested that interaction of the beta subunit forming the reactive cavity is essential for the double-minimum potential of the active-site structure. The frequencies and widths of the two NO bands changed upon addition of propionamide, 1,4-dioxane, and cyclohexyl isocyanide, indicating that these compounds are bound to the active pocket and change the interactions of the iron center or the dielectric environments around the NO molecule. Thus, the NO bands of NHase can also be a useful probe to monitor the binding of substrates and their analogues to the active pocket.
Design and implementation of Abacus switch: a scalable multicast ATM switch (1997)

Describes a new architecture for a multicast ATM switch scalable from a few tens to a few thousands of input ports. The switch, called the Abacus switch, has a nonblocking switch fabric followed by small switch modules at the output ports. It has buffers at input and output ports. Cell replication, cell routing, output contention resolution, and cell addressing are all performed in a distributed way so that it can be scaled up to thousands of input and output ports. A novel algorithm has been proposed to resolve output port contention while achieving input buffers sharing, fairness among the input ports, and call splitting for multicasting. The channel-grouping mechanism is also adopted in the switch to reduce the hardware complexity and improve the switch's throughput, while the cell sequence integrity is preserved. The switch can also handle multiple priority traffic by routing cells according to their priority levels. The performance study of the Abacus switch in throughput, average cell delay, and cell loss rate is presented. A key ASIC chip for building the Abacus switch, called the ARC (ATM routing and concentration) chip, contains a two-dimensional array (32/spl times/32) of switch elements that are arranged in a crossbar structure. It provides the flexibility of configuring the chip into different group sizes to accommodate different ATM switch sizes. The ARC chip has been designed and fabricated using 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and tested to operate correctly at 240 MHz.
Ka band Gunn diode amplifier (2002)

The authors show how small-signal gain better than 7 dB can be achieved in this band with a negative-resistance Gunn amplifier. Good correlation between design and realisation is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Accurate Determination of Interstrand Distances and Alignment in Amyloid Fibrils by Magic Angle Spinning NMR (2010)

Amyloid fibrils are structurally ordered aggregates of proteins whose formation is associated with many neurodegenerative and other diseases. For that reason, their high-resolution structures are of considerable interest and have been studied using a wide range of techniques, notably electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR. Because of the excellent resolution in the spectra, MAS NMR is uniquely capable of delivering site-specific, atomic resolution information about all levels of amyloid structure: (1) the monomer, which packs into several (2) protofilaments that in turn associate to form a (3) fibril. Building upon our high-resolution structure of the monomer of an amyloid-forming peptide from transthyretin (TTR(105-115)), we introduce single 1-(13)C labeled amino acids at seven different sites in the peptide and measure intermolecular carbonyl-carbonyl distances with an accuracy of ~0.11 A. Our results conclusively establish a parallel, in register, topology for the packing of this peptide into a β-sheet and provide constraints essential for the determination of an atomic resolution structure of the fibril. Furthermore, the approach we employ, based on a combination of a double-quantum filtered variant of the DRAWS recoupling sequence and multispin numerical simulations in SPINEVOLUTION, is general and should be applicable to a wide range of systems.
Interface Engineering of PCM for Improved Synaptic Performance in Neuromorphic Systems (2012)

In this work, we will focus on the use of Phase Change Memory (PCM) to emulate synaptic behavior in emerging neuromorphic system-architectures. In particular, we will originally show that the performance and energy-efficiency of large scale neuromorphic systems can be improved by engineering individual PCM devices used as synapses. This is obtained by adding a thin HfO2 interface layer to standard GST PCM devices, allowing for the lowering of the Set/Reset currents and the increase of the number of intermediate resistance states (or synaptic weights) in the synaptic potentiation characteristics. The experimentally obtained potentiation characteristics of such PCM devices are used to simulate a 2-layer ultra-dense spiking neural network (SNN) and to perform a complex visual pattern extraction from a test case based on real world data (i.e. cars passing on a 6-lane freeway). The total power dissipated in the learning mode, for the pattern extraction experiment is estimated to be as low as 60μW. Average detection rate of cars is found to be greater than 90%.
Chiral-at-Ru Catalyst with Cyclometalated Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinylidene for Enantioselective Intramolecular Cyclopropanations (2022)

Abstract A chiral ruthenium catalyst is introduced which contains a cyclometalated N-(3-nitrophenyl)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridinylidene ligand in addition to a bidentate 4-mesityl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazole and two acetonitriles to complement the octahedral coordination sphere of the monocationic complex. Tetrafluoroborate serves as the counterion. Since all coordinated ligands are achiral, the overall chirality is formally due to a stereogenic metal center generating either a left-handed (Λ) or right-handed (Δ) helical topology of this chiral-at-metal complex. Nonracemic Λ and Δ complexes were synthesized using (R)- and (S)-N-benzoyl-tert-butanesulfinamide as chiral auxiliary ligands, respectively. The position of the nitro group in the metalated phenyl moiety is of crucial importance for the generation of enantiomerically pure complexes. The catalytic activity of the cycloruthenated chiral-at-metal catalyst was demonstrated for the enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation of trans-cinnamyl diazoacetate and an alkenyl diazoketone to generate bicyclic cyclopropanes in high yields (96–97%) and with satisfactory enantioselectivity (93% ee).