gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing the effective absorption of Eu3+-doped luminescent materials towards practical light emitting diodes for illumination applications (2018)

White light emitting diodes (LEDs) composed of a blue LED and a green/yellow downconverter material (phosphor) can be very efficient, but the color is often not considered very pleasant. Although the color rendering can be improved by adding a second, red-emitting phosphor, this generally results in significantly reduced efficacy of the device due to the broad emission of available conventional red-emitting phosphors. Trivalent europium is well-known for its characteristic narrow-band emission in the red region, with little radiation outside the eye sensitivity area, making it an ideal candidate for enabling high color quality as well as a high lumen equivalent of radiation from a spectrum point of view. However, a thorough study of the practical potential and challenges of Eu3+ as a red emitter for white LEDs has remained elusive so far due to the low excitation probability in the blue spectral range which is often even considered a fundamental limitation. Here, we show that the absorption in the blue region can be brought into an interesting regime for white LEDs and show that it is possible to increase both the color rendering and efficacy simultaneously using Eu3+ as a red emitter, compared to warm white LEDs comprising conventional materials.
Computationally Assisted Lead Optimization of Novel Potent and Selective MAO-B Inhibitors (2021)

A series of dietary flavonoid acacetin 7-<i>O</i>-methyl ether derivatives were computationally designed aiming to improve the selectivity and potency profiles against monoamine oxidase (MAO) B. The designed compounds were evaluated for their potential to inhibit human MAO-A and -B. Compounds <b>1c</b>, <b>2c</b>, <b>3c</b>, and <b>4c</b> were the most potent with a Ki of 37 to 68 nM against MAO-B. Compounds <b>1c</b>-<b>4c</b> displayed more than a thousand-fold selectivity index towards MAO-B compared with MAO-A. Moreover, compounds <b>1c</b> and <b>2c</b> showed reversible inhibition of MAO-B. These results provide a basis for further studies on the potential application of these modified flavonoids for the treatment of Parkinson's Disease and other neurological disorders.
Antioxidant-Chemoprevention Diet Ameliorates Late Effects of Total-Body Irradiation and Supplements Radioprotection by MnSOD-Plasmid Liposome Administration (2011)

Abstract Many acute and chronic effects of ionizing radiation are mediated by reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, which deplete antioxidant stores, leading to cellular apoptosis, stem cell depletion and accelerated aging. C57BL/6NHsd mice receiving intravenous MnSOD-PL prior to 9.5 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) show increased survival from the acute hematopoietic syndrome, and males demonstrated improved long-term survival (Epperly et al., Radiat. Res. 170, 437-444, 2008). We evaluated the effect of an antioxidant-chemopreventive diet compared to a regular diet on long-term survival in female mice. Twenty-four hours before the LD(50/30) dose of 9.5 Gy TBI, subgroups of mice were injected intravenously with MnSOD-PL (100 μg plasmid DNA in 100 μl of liposomes). Mice on either diet treated with MnSOD-PL showed decreased death after irradiation compared to irradiated mice on the house diet alone (P = 0.031 for the house diet plus MnSOD-PL or 0.015 for antioxidant diet plus MnSOD-PL). The mice on the antioxidant-chemoprevention diet alone or with MnSOD-PL that survived 30 days after irradiation had a significant increase in survival compared to mice on the regular diet (P = 0.04 or 0.01, respectively). In addition, mice treated with MnSOD-PL only and surviving 30 days after radiation also had increased survival compared to those on the regular diet alone (P = 0.02). Survivors of acute ionizing radiation damage have ameliorated life shortening if they are fed an antioxidant-chemopreventive diet.
Low-temperature Kerr spectroscopy on half-metallic Sr2FeMoO6 (2000)

The polar Kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra of epitaxially grown (001)-oriented half-metallic Sr2FeMoO6 thin films have been determined in the photon energy range from 1.2 to 4.9 eV. The Kerr rotation spectrum shows three maxima at E=1.6, 4.0, and 4.65 eV. The maxima at 4.0 and 4.65 eV are consistent with spin-polarized band structure calculations for interband transitions from the O-2p to the minority-spin π*Mo/Fe and majority-spin Mo-t2g bands, respectively. The overall maximum intrinsic Kerr rotation is ΘK=−0.045° at a photon energy of 4.65 eV. The maximum of ΘK at E=1.6 eV coincides with a minimum in the reflectivity due to the plasma edge of Sr2FeMoO6 and, therefore, is not related to an interband transition.
Adhesion of nanoparticles within spray dried agglomerates (1992)

20 µm diameter spray-dried agglomerates made up of 210 nm zirconia particles have been individually tested by crushing between rigid plates using a modified nanoindenter. The results show that the agglomerates support considerable stress before deforming. Both the elastic and plastic deformations of the agglomerates have been observed, followed by ultimate failure through a cracking mechanism. A model has been proposed to account for the results based on van der Waals adhesion between particles within the agglomerate. This model has been realized in a macroscopic agglomerate of smooth adhesive rubber beads. The test method could distinguish variations in the properties of individual agglomerates in a batch, and could detect differences between batches made under different spray-drier conditions. Powders with weaker agglomerates were shown to give improved ceramics as a result of easier particle dispersion during mixing.
An Electric Roadway System Leveraging Dynamic Capacitive Wireless Charging: Furthering the Continuous Charging of Electric Vehicles (2020)

With the blooming growth of electric vehicles, the transportation system is in a critical stage of evolution and reformation. Due to their excellent flexibility and controllability, electric vehicles are becoming the solution for connected and automated vehicle technology. However, current transportation infrastructures are primarily designed for combustion engine vehicles and need improvements for electric vehicles. In highway scenarios especially, because the driving range of an electric vehicle is significantly limited by its battery capacity and charging rate, recent electric vehicles are not suitable for long-distance travel. Therefore, it is important to investigate their dynamic charging technology and improve the current roadway infrastructure to support more electric vehicles.
Classification of Small Triorthogonal Codes (2021)

Triorthogonal codes are a class of quantum error correcting codes used in magic state distillation protocols. We classify all triorthogonal codes with $n+k \le 38$, where $n$ is the number of physical qubits and $k$ is the number of logical qubits of the code. We find $38$ distinguished triorthogonal subspaces and show that every triorthogonal code with $n+k\le 38$ descends from one of these subspaces through elementary operations such as puncturing and deleting qubits. Specifically, we associate each triorthogonal code with a Reed-Muller polynomial of weight $n+k$, and classify the Reed-Muller polynomials of low weight using the results of Kasami, Tokura, and Azumi and an extensive computerized search. In an appendix independent of the main text, we improve a magic state distillation protocol by reducing the time variance due to stochastic Clifford corrections.
Transforming spreadsheet data types using examples (2016)

Cleaning spreadsheet data types is a common problem faced by millions of spreadsheet users. Data types such as date, time, name, and units are ubiquitous in spreadsheets, and cleaning transformations on these data types involve parsing and pretty printing their string representations. This presents many challenges to users because cleaning such data requires some background knowledge about the data itself and moreover this data is typically non-uniform, unstructured, and ambiguous. Spreadsheet systems and Programming Languages provide some UI-based and programmatic solutions for this problem but they are either insufficient for the user's needs or are beyond their expertise. In this paper, we present a programming by example methodology of cleaning data types that learns the desired transformation from a few input-output examples. We propose a domain specific language with probabilistic semantics that is parameterized with declarative data type definitions. The probabilistic semantics is based on three key aspects: (i) approximate predicate matching, (ii) joint learning of data type interpretation, and (iii) weighted branches. This probabilistic semantics enables the language to handle non-uniform, unstructured, and ambiguous data. We then present a synthesis algorithm that learns the desired program in this language from a set of input-output examples. We have implemented our algorithm as an Excel add-in and present its successful evaluation on 55 benchmark problems obtained from online help forums and Excel product team.
Tripartite signalling by NMDA receptors (2020)

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are excitatory glutamatergic receptors that are fundamental for many neuronal processes, including synaptic plasticity. NMDARs are comprised of four subunits derived from heterogeneous subunit families, yielding a complex diversity in NMDAR form and function. The quadruply-liganded state of binding of two glutamate and two glycine molecules to the receptor drives channel gating, allowing for monovalent cation flux, Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry and the initiation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent signalling. In addition to this ionotropic function, non-ionotropic signalling can be initiated through the exclusive binding of glycine or of glutamate to the NMDAR. This binding may trigger a transmembrane conformational change of the receptor, inducing intracellular protein-protein signalling between the cytoplasmic domain and secondary messengers. In this review, we outline signalling cascades that can be activated by NMDARs and propose that the receptor transduces signalling through three parallel streams: (i) signalling via both glycine and glutamate binding, (ii) signalling via glycine binding, and (iii) signalling via glutamate binding. This variety in signal transduction mechanisms and downstream signalling cascades complements the widespread prevalence and rich diversity of NMDAR activity throughout the central nervous system and in disease pathology.
Synthesis and evaluation of a new class of MIF-inhibitors in activated macrophage cells and in experimental septic shock in mice (2022)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with enzymatic activities. Anti-inflammatory effects of MIF enzyme inhibitors indicate a link between its cytokine- and catalytic activities. Herein the synthesis, docking, and bioactivity of substituted benzylidene-1-indanone and -1-tetralone derivatives as MIF-tautomerase inhibitors is reported. Many of these substituted benzylidene-1-tetralones and -indan-1-ones were potent MIF-tautomerase inhibitors (IC<sub>50</sub> < 10 μmol/L), and the most potent inhibitors were the 1-indanone derivatives 16 and 20. Some of these compounds acted as selective enolase or ketonase inhibitors. In addition, compounds 16, 20, 26, 37 and 61 efficiently inhibited NO, TNFα and IL-6 production in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages. Compound 20, 37 and 61 also inhibited ROS generation, and compound 26 and 37 abolished activation of NF-κB. Compound 37 significantly augmented hypothermia induced by high dose of lipopolysaccharide in mice. The possible mechanisms of action were explored using molecular modelling and docking, as well as molecular dynamics simulations.
Generalizing MUSIC and MVDR for Multiple Noncoherent Arrays (2004)

We examine the problem of source localization and spatial spectrum estimation using sensor arrays that are noncoherent collections of small, coherent subarrays. The covariance of the signal snapshots at each of the coherent subarrays are functions of, among other things, the signal source locations (or the spatial spectrum). Our approach is to derive functions of the subarray covariance matrices that are close approximations of the signal source locations (or the spatial spectrum). We also show how these functions may be considered generalizations of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm and the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) criterion, respectively. We demonstrate via simulation that, using this approach and array architecture, it is possible to resolve directional ambiguities.
Lipocortin-1 immunoreactivity in the human pituitary gland. (1990)

We evaluated the distribution of lipocortin-1 immunoreactivity in 118 immature or mature human hypophyses using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique with a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against lipocortin-1. Serial sections were evaluated for five pituitary hormones and S-100 protein immunoreactivity to compare their distributions with that of lipocortin-1. Scattered or moderate numbers of cells exhibited lipocortin-1 immunoreactivity in the pars distalis of 89 subjects ranging in age from 27 weeks' gestation to 83 years. Seven immature and seven aged specimens exhibited no immunostaining, while 15 specimens from older individuals exhibited only rare immunostaining. Immunostaining did not appear to co-localize selectively with any specific pituitary hormone, although the distribution of immunoreactivity did overlap that of some corticotrophs and was seen in elongated processes of S-100-containing folliculostellate cells. Lipocortin-1 was also found in epithelial cells lining colloid cysts of the residual pars intermedia in 115 of 118 pituitaries ranging in age from 23 weeks' gestation to 83 years. In many intermediate lobe cysts, lipocortin-1 exhibited a pattern of immunoreactivity that partially overlapped the distribution of S-100 protein immunostaining, although the pattern was not identical. Pre-absorption of anti-lipocortin-1 antiserum with lipocortin-1-coupled Sepharose-4B immunoreactivity resulted in loss of immunoreactivity in both lobes. No lipocortin-1 immunoreactivity was seen in the neurohypophysis.
Proteomic analysis reveals key proteins involved in ethylene-induced adventitious root development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (2021)

The mechanisms involved in adventitious root formation reflect the adaptability of plants to the environment. Moreover, the rooting process is regulated by endogenous hormone signals. Ethylene, a signaling hormone molecule, has been shown to play an essential role in the process of root development. In the present study, in order to explore the relationship between the ethylene-induced adventitious rooting process and photosynthesis and energy metabolism, the iTRAQ technique and proteomic analysis were employed to ascertain the expression of different proteins that occur during adventitious rooting in cucumber (<i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.) seedlings. Out of the 5,014 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), there were 115 identified DEPs, among which 24 were considered related to adventitious root development. Most of the identified proteins were related to carbon and energy metabolism, photosynthesis, transcription, translation and amino acid metabolism. Subsequently, we focused on S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS) and ATP synthase subunit a (AtpA). Our findings suggest that the key enzyme, SAMS, upstream of ethylene synthesis, is directly involved in adventitious root development in cucumber. Meanwhile, AtpA may be positively correlated with photosynthetic capacity during adventitious root development. Moreover, endogenous ethylene synthesis, photosynthesis, carbon assimilation capacity, and energy material metabolism were enhanced by exogenous ethylene application during adventitious rooting. In conclusion, endogenous ethylene synthesis can be improved by exogenous ethylene additions to stimulate the induction and formation of adventitious roots. Moreover, photosynthesis and starch degradation were enhanced by ethylene treatment to provide more energy and carbon sources for the rooting process.
Compositional Microbial-Community Shift of Submerged Membrane Bioreactor Treating Hospital Wastewater at Varying Temperatures (2020)

Stable and efficient performance of biological treatment plants requires optimization of treatment system operating parameters. Among the various operating parameters, temperature is an important factor that influences the treatment system microbial community, which is responsible for the efficient removal of organic pollutants. This study investigated the effect of temperature on the microbiome of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) treating hospital wastewater (HWW). Specifically, the effect of temperatures (T=20°C, 15°C, and 10°C) on the removal of pharmaceuticals from HWW was examined. The maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (∼70%) and ammoniacal nitrogen (∼75%) in the SMBR occurred at 20°C. The suspended solids (SS) concentration in the SMBR decreased from 8.5 g L−1 SS at 20°C to 6.75 g L−1 SS at 15°C and to 5.2 g L−1 SS at 10°C. At the lowest temperature (10°C), there was moderate removal of ibuprofen, hydroxyl-ibuprofen estrone, and caffeine, but the removal of sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, diclofenac, hydroxy diclofenac, atenolol, venlafaxine, and desvenlafaxine was inhibited substantially relative to that at higher temperatures. The microbiome analysis indicated a reduction in the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosospira, Rhodanobacter, and Sphingobium) at low temperatures, which appeared to be correlated with the decrease in performance. Analysis of the microeukaryote community revealed a massive decrease in the relative abundance of the ciliate population at the low temperature and an increase in the abundance of the fungal group (Basidiomycota and unclassified fungus). Despite the dominance of fungal groups at the lower temperature, the decreased SMBR performance suggests that those fungal groups did not play an important role in pharmaceutical degradation.
Exchange biasing and magnetic properties of partially and fully oxidized colloidal cobalt nanoparticles (2005)

Colloidal magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied in magnetic separations, in medicine and in biochemistry. They are also potentially applicable in magnetic recording media. In this paper, we report a systematic investigation of the magnetic properties of colloidal Co NPs after three extents of oxidation. The native sample has a thin (1.0 nm) CoO shell and exhibits no exchange biasing. The purposefully partially oxidized sample has a thicker CoO shell (3.2 nm), and is exchange biased. The sample fully oxidized to CoO loses exchange biasing. We observe three distinct magnetic properties that result from the finite-thickness antiferromagnet shell exchange coupled to a finite-size ferromagnet core, and from crystal and stoichiometric defects: (1) an enhancement of the thermal stability of the orientation of the magnetic moment due to exchange biasing in the partially oxidized sample, (2) a low-temperature paramagnetic response in the partially and fully oxidized samples due to defects in the CoO shell, and (3) an asymmetry in the field-dependent magnetization for the partially oxidized sample at low temperature due to small clusters of Co in a diffusion layer around the Co core. We propose a simple model to interpret these effects.
Surface Adsorbate Fluctuations and Noise in Nanoelectromechanical Systems (2011)

Physisorption on solid surfaces is important in both fundamental studies and technology. Adsorbates can also be critical for the performance of miniature electromechanical resonators and sensors. Advances in resonant nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), particularly mass sensitivity attaining the single-molecule level, make it possible to probe surface physics in a new regime, where a small number of adatoms cause a detectable frequency shift in a high quality factor (Q) NEMS resonator, and adsorbate fluctuations result in resonance frequency noise. Here we report measurements and analysis of the kinetics and fluctuations of physisorbed xenon (Xe) atoms on a high-Q NEMS resonator vibrating at 190.5 MHz. The measured adsorption spectrum and frequency noise, combined with analytic modeling of surface diffusion and adsorption-desorption processes, suggest that diffusion dominates the observed excess noise. This study also reveals new power laws of frequency noise induced by diffusion, which could be important in other low-dimensional nanoscale systems.
Electrochemical reaction and surface chemistry for performance enhancement of a Si composite anode using a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-based ionic liquid (2016)

A Si composite anode with the ionic liquid electrolyte EMIFSI shows superior rate capability. The decomposition products of EMIFSI are significantly different from those of carbonate electrolytes.
6-k/spl Omega/ 43-Gb/s differential transimpedance-limiting amplifier with auto-zero feedback and high dynamic range (2004)

A high-gain, 43-Gb/s InP HBT transimpedance-limiting amplifier (TIALA) with 100-/spl mu/A/sub pp/ sensitivity and 6 mA/sub pp/ input overload current is presented. The circuit also operates as a limiting amplifier with 40-dB differential gain, better than 15-dB input return loss, and a record-breaking sensitivity of 8 mV/sub pp/ at 43 Gb/s. It features a differential TIA stage with inductive noise suppression in the feedback network and consumes less than 450mW from a single 3.3-V supply. The TIALA has 6-k/spl Omega/ (76dB/spl Omega/) differential transimpedance gain and 35-GHz bandwidth and comprises the transimpedance and limiting gain functions, an auto-zero dc feedback circuit, signal level monitor, and slicing level adjust functions. Other important features include 45-dB isolation and 800-mV/sub pp/ differential output.