gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method for operating a spark-ignition, direct-injection internal combustion engine (2023)

A spark-ignition, direct-injection internal combustion engine is coupled to an exhaust aftertreatment system including a three-way catalytic converter upstream of an NH3-SCR catalyst. A method for operating the engine includes operating the engine in a fuel cutoff mode and coincidentally executing a second fuel injection control scheme upon detecting an engine load that permits operation in the fuel cutoff mode.
Shape‐Controlled Bi2S3 Nanocrystals and Their Plasma Polymerization into Flexible Films (2006)

Bi2S3 colloidal nanocrystals have been synthesized through a heterogeneous gram-scale hot-injection method yielding a low-polydispersity, shape-controlled product (dots or rods). Plasma polymerization of nanocrystal assemblies into flexible films is demonstrated (see figure) and characterized.
Spatially resolved analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm proteomes measured by laser ablation sample transfer (2021)

Heterogeneity in the distribution of nutrients and oxygen gradients during biofilm growth gives rise to changes in phenotype. There has been long term interest in identifying spatial differences during biofilm development including clues that identify chemical heterogeneity. Laser ablation sample transfer (LAST) allows site-specific sampling combined with label free proteomics to distinguish radially and axially resolved proteomes for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Specifically, differential protein abundances on oxic vs. anoxic regions of a biofilm were observed by combining LAST with bottom up proteomics. This study reveals a more active metabolism in the anoxic region of the biofilm with respect to the oxic region for this clinical strain of P. aeruginosa, despite this organism being considered an aerobe by nature. Protein abundance data related to cellular acclimations to chemical gradients include identification of glucose catabolizing proteins, high abundance of proteins from arginine and polyamine metabolism, and proteins that could also support virulence and environmental stress mediation in the anoxic region. Finally, the LAST methodology requires only a few mm2 of biofilm area to identify hundreds of proteins.
Context-aware metadata creation in a heterogeneous mobile environment (2005)

With an exponentially-growing amount of digital information, data management is becoming increasingly burdensome for an average user. We propose an enhancement to the existing media-management techniques which utilizes the context available in the surrounding environment around the time a media file is created. This context information is associated with the file to provide enhanced data categorization and searching capabilities. A typical scenario considered in our design involves a heterogeneous environment where users capture digital images using camera-enabled mobile devices, such as iPAQs. Concurrently, these mobile agents also collect environmental data from a variety of sensors and other surrounding wirelessly-enabled devices. At the time of image capture, mobile devices collect and process environmental information, which is then associated with the digital image in the form of metadata. Association of the context with the image makes it possible to build user applications with context-based image classification and query facilities. Our system includes such a GUI application, which provides an image query mechanism based on metadata attributes collected at the time of a picture. Our preliminary evaluation of the system validates successful metadata creation and association with the media files and demonstrates the enhanced searching and classification capabilities using a GUI application.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B: Comparing Pegylated Interferon-α2b and Lamivudine with Lamivudine Alone (2005)

In patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, staggered combination treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha2b and lamivudine may lead to a higher rate of virologic response than lamivudine monotherapy.
Bandwidth‐enhancement approach for a small‐sized harmonic‐suppressed antenna (2005)

Abstract In this paper, an approach for bandwidth enhancement of a small‐sized harmonic‐suppressed antenna is presented. For bandwidth enhancement and miniaturization of the harmonically suppressed slot antenna, a bowtie‐shaped meander slot antenna is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. From the measured results, the proposed antenna has a wideband characteristic with a harmonic‐suppression characteristic at the 2 nd and 3 rd frequencies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 585–587, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20703
Multi-scale modeling of thermal conductivity of SiC-reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite (2017)

High thermal conductivity is one important factor in the selection or development of ceramics or composite materials. Predicting the thermal conductivity would be useful to the design and application of such materials. In this paper, a multi-scale model is developed to predict the effective thermal conductivity in SiC particle-reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite. A coupled two-temperature molecular dynamics model is used to calculate the thermal conductivity of the Al/SiC interface. The electronic effects on the interfacial thermal conductivity are studied. A homogenized finite element model with embedded thin interfacial elements is used to predict the properties of bulk materials, considering the microstructure. The effects of temperatures, SiC particle sizes, and volume fractions on the thermal conductivity are also studied. A good agreement is found between prediction results and experimental measurements. The successful prediction of thermal conductivity could help a better understanding and an improvement of thermal transport within composites and ceramics.
20 GHz optical analog link using an external modulator (1990)

Reported is an experimental fiber-optic analog link with an electrical insertion loss of 34 dB at 20 GHz, a noise figure of 41 dB, and an intermodulation-free dynamic range of 108 dB/Hz/sup 2/3/. The link uses a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser, a bandpass integrated-optical intensity modulator, and a p-i-n detector; it contains no amplifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Autocorrelation-based adaptation rule for feedback equalization in wideband full-duplex amplify-and-forward MIMO relays (2013)

Simultaneous reception and transmission in the same frequency, so-called full-duplex operation, causes an infinite feedback loop in an amplify-and-forward relay. The unwanted echoes may result in oscillation at the relay, making it unstable, and distorting the spectrum. This paper presents an adaptive MIMO filtering method for full-duplex amplify-and-forward relays that aims at solving the joint problem of self-interference mitigation and equalization of the source-relay channel. The scheme exploits the knowledge of the autocorrelation of the transmitted signal as the only side information while allowing the relay, in the best case, to implement precoding as if there was not any self-interference or frequency selectivity in the source-relay channel. Finally, the proposed adaptation algorithm is investigated by determining its stationary points and by performing simulations in a MIMO-OFDM framework.
Defect formation and structural alternation in modified SiO2 glasses by irradiation with F2 laser or ArF excimer laser (2000)

The formation and restoration of defects by F2 laser irradiation with high laser fluence were investigated for modified silica glasses, and the results were compared with those by ArF excimer laser irradiation. F2 laser irradiation induced oxygen deficient centers (ODCs) and E′ centers via one-photon-absorption processes, while ODC and E′ defects are generated by two-photon-absorption processes by an ArF excimer laser. As-doped SiOHs and photoinduced SiOHs enhanced the formation of defects markedly in the case of F2 laser irradiation. F2 laser light transformed isolated SiOH bonds into hydrogen-bonded SiOHs, while such a process did not occur under ArF excimer laser light. These results suggest that silica glass networks were dissociated by two types of processes. The dominant process is the formation of pairs of E′ centers and NBOHCs, followed by conversion to the SiHs and SiOHs as a result of chemical reactions with hydrogen molecules in silica glass at room temperature. The other is the generation of ODC defects accompanied by interstitial oxygen molecules, which are also decomposed partly into E′ centers with the aid of F2 laser light.
Relative effects of wound healing and mechanical stimulus on early bone response to porous‐coated implants (1996)

We hypothesized that early bone adaptation to well fixed porous-coated implants is influenced more by wound healing than by mechanical loading. To test this hypothesis, two groups of dogs with identical, hydraulically controlled porous-coated implants interference fit within distal femoral trabecular bone were used. One group had no load: the other had 35 N of load applied to the implants. At 5 weeks after surgery, the resulting adaptation of bone around the implants was quantified on a cellular basis by cytochemical analysis of type-I procollagen synthesis and on a structural basis using three-dimensional micro-computed tomography imaging. The percentage of trabecular surfaces covered by osteoblasts expressing type-I procollagen was significantly increased in bone surrounding the implant in both groups compared with contralateral control bone tissue. There was no difference between the groups with no load or 35 N of load. In addition, measures of trabecular bone structure did not differ significantly between the load and no-load groups. Taken together, these results suggest that wound healing plays a much greater role in the early response of bone to well fixed porous-coated implants than does mechanical stimulus.
Comic Image Inpainting via Distance Transform (2021)

Inpainting techniques for natural images have progressed significantly. However, if these methods are applied to comic images, the results are not satisfactory because of very noticeable artifacts, especially around line drawings. Line drawings are challenging to inpaint because of their high-frequency components. In this paper, we propose a novel method for inpainting comic images in the distance transform domain. In this method, we first convert a line drawing into a distance image and then inpaint the distance image. By transforming line drawings into distance images, we can eventually reduce the high-frequency components, which leads to improve inpainting performance. We compared the results of our proposed method with those of the conventional methods. The results showed that the proposed method achieved 0.1% lower l1 loss, 0.5dB higher PSNR, and 0.5% higher SSIM than those of the conventional inpainting methods.
A Randomized Phase II/III Study of Dalotuzumab in Combination With Cetuximab and Irinotecan in Chemorefractory,KRASWild-Type, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2015)

Adding dalotuzumab to irinotecan and cetuximab was feasible but did not improve survival outcome. IGF-1R ligands are promising biomarkers for differential response to anti-EGFR and anti-IGF-1R therapies.
Introducing industrial design flow of an RFIC chip to a graduate course: building the ecosystem and bridging the gap between industry and academia (2017)

Radio‐frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) design and fabrication require sets of skills that are professionally earned through years of hands‐on experiences in a developed industrial environment such as fabless design houses. Difficult design specifications, dynamic working environment, and tight deadlines in ruthless time cycles of design to mass production are all, but few examples that academia often fails to train young engineers to face. In general, no skill‐based education can be easily found for fresh graduates interested in a career in IC design. As part of an industry‐oriented graduate course in RFIC, students were introduced into industry design flow through lectures and major project assignments. The latter were selected to form an integrated design flow that ultimately leads to the design of a full RFIC. Students were offered to select design blocks as projects and were given specifications to meet, extracted from a transceiver architecture study. The outcome of the work showed an interesting trend of students starting their design in individual efforts, but later clustering together in team effort to match their designs together and to finish their tasks at the fictitious tape‐out deadline.
Current work at ICSI (1999)

Report on current work at the International Computer Science Institute to the Institute's European partners in the Thematic Indexing of Spoken Language (THISL) and Recognition of Speech by Partial Information Techniques (RESPITE) research projects.
A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant (2020)

On 17 August 2017, the Advanced LIGO 1 and Virgo 2 detectors observed the gravitational-wave event GW170817-a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system 3 . Less than two seconds after the merger, a γ-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source 4-6 . This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities 7 , resulting in the identification 8-13 of an optical transient signal within about ten arcseconds of the galaxy NGC 4993. This detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves represents the first 'multi-messenger' astronomical observation. Such observations enable GW170817 to be used as a 'standard siren' 14-18 (meaning that the absolute distance to the source can be determined directly from the gravitational-wave measurements) to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Here we report a measurement of the Hubble constant that combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using the electromagnetic data. In contrast to previous measurements, ours does not require the use of a cosmic 'distance ladder' 19 : the gravitational-wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec. This value is consistent with existing measurements 20,21 , while being completely independent of them. Additional standard siren measurements from future gravitationalwave sources will enable the Hubble constant to be constrained to high precision.
New Methodology for an Expert-Designed Map From International Classification of Diseases (ICD) to Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ Severity Injury (2015)

Robust maps of ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM injury codes to AIS severity categories (3+ versus <3) were successfully created from an in-person panel discussion and electronic survey. These maps provide a link between the common ICD diagnostic lexicons and the AIS severity coding system and are of value to injury researchers, public health scientists, and epidemiologists using large databases without available AIS coding.
Thermal Analysis of Thin-Film Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Using Finite Element Method (2002)

The thermal characteristics of thin-film vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been studied by means of finite element analysis. The thin-film VCSELs transferred onto a selected substrate, which we have already demonstrated, are very attractive for integrated optoelectronic devices. However, structural design based on thermal analysis is required to improve the performance especially for small aperture VCSELs. We confirmed that an AlN submount used as the transferred substrate was satisfactory from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity. We also numerically showed that an Au plating layer on the top surface and an oxide-defined layer would improve the thermal characteristics. Although the thermal resistance Rth of 5 µm air-post thin-film VCSEL is very high, the 5 µm oxide-defined aperture with 35 µm mesa and an Au plating layer of 3 µm thickness can reduce Rth by about 27%.
Failure to suppress low-frequency neuronal oscillatory activity underlies the reduced effectiveness of random patterns of deep brain stimulation (2016)

Subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms of action of DBS are unknown. Random temporal patterns of DBS are less effective than regular DBS, but the neuronal basis for this dependence on temporal pattern of stimulation is unclear. Using a rat model of PD, we quantified the changes in behavior and single-unit activity in globus pallidus externa and substantia nigra pars reticulata during high-frequency STN DBS with different degrees of irregularity. Although all stimulus trains had the same average rate, 130-Hz regular DBS more effectively reversed motor symptoms, including circling and akinesia, than 130-Hz irregular DBS. A mixture of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal responses was present during all stimulation patterns, and mean firing rate did not change during DBS. Low-frequency (7-10 Hz) oscillations of single-unit firing times present in hemiparkinsonian rats were suppressed by regular DBS, and neuronal firing patterns were entrained to 130 Hz. Irregular patterns of DBS less effectively suppressed 7- to 10-Hz oscillations and did not regularize firing patterns. Random DBS resulted in a larger proportion of neuron pairs with increased coherence at 7-10 Hz compared with regular 130-Hz DBS, which suggested that long pauses (interpulse interval >50 ms) during random DBS facilitated abnormal low-frequency oscillations in the basal ganglia. These results suggest that the efficacy of high-frequency DBS stems from its ability to regularize patterns of neuronal firing and thereby suppress abnormal oscillatory neural activity within the basal ganglia.
Techno-economic analysis of a small scale solar power tower at varied locations (2018)

Location selection is an important factor for the effectiveness and cost of a solar electricity generation system. Latitude and weather impact efficiency and availability, and local labor rates have a further influence on cost. To explore the impact of these effects, we performed techno-economic analysis of a small-scale solar power tower concept in six different locations in the United States, Australia, and India. The specific configuration we considered has a nominal power rating of 100 kWe and 5 hours of thermal energy storage. Further, we considered two deployment strategies: a single stand-alone 100 kWe tower, and a 20 MWe cluster of many towers. For each scenario, we used a probabilistic analysis method to evaluate levelized cost of electricity. We found that this configuration has potential for cost-competitive electricity generation and the ability to improve grid flexibility for integration of intermittent renewables. In addition, solar resource, latitude, and local labor rates all have an impact on the levelized cost of electricity of the system.
Keep Others from Peeking at Your Mobile Device Screen! (2019)

The information displayed on mobile device screens can be seen by nearby (unauthorized) parties, called shoulder surfers. To protect sensitive on-screen information, we have developed HideScreen by utilizing the human vision and optical system properties to hide the users' on-screen information from the shoulder surfers.
Quantitative Assessment of the Effects of Compression on Deep Learning in Digital Pathology Image Analysis (2020)

Our findings seem to suggest that in low-resource settings, DP images can be significantly compressed before transmission for DL-based telepathology applications.
A floating-point cell library and a 100-Mflops image signal processor (1992)

A novel floating-point cell library for image signal processors that includes a floating-point arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a floating-point multiplier (MPY), an instruction RAM, and a data register file is considered. It has been designed for high-speed operation. An adder-subtracter and a bit alignment circuit have been developed for the ALU. As its application, a vector processor that includes two ALUs, an MPY, an instruction RAM, and a register file has been developed. The processor has a peak performance of 100 Mflops at 33 MHz. CMOS fabrication technology with a 1.0- mu m gate length was used. Other circuits used in the processor were synthesized by a logic synthesizer. To achieve high-speed operation logic synthesis and optimization technique based on implicit don't care information in register transfer level hardware descriptions has been developed. A high-performance image signal processor has been developed using the floating-point cell library, and the logic synthesis and optimization technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel packaging with rematable spring interconnect chips for MCM (2009)

A novel packaging approach has been demonstrated for circuits connected with flexible microsprings. The approach is based on silicon micromachined features and results in a highly accurate and low cost packaging solution. The micromachined features were processed into silicon with an anisotropic wet etch forming inverted pyramidal micro-pits. The pits are integrated into the chips along with arrays of flexible and compliant interconnects arranged in a daisy chain arrays on 180 mum pitch. Packages based on two chips with matching set of pits have been assembled and characterized. First level reliability tests have been performed in 0degC-100degC temperature cycling, 85/85 temperature humidity bias and high-current soak. Multiple ldquorematingrdquo; tests were also carried out as the packages were taken apart and reassembled together. The ldquopit and springrdquo integration is expected to equally address not only the performance and functionality of the completed package but also its reliability and cost.
Navier-Stokes Analysis of the Pump Flow Field of an Automotive Torque Converter (1995)

A three-dimensional, incompressible, viscous flow code, developed by NASA AMES (INS3D) using the pseudo-compressibility method, is modified for torque converter flow field computations. The code is used to predict the velocity and pressure fields in the pump of an automotive torque converter. Numerical results are compared to measured static pressure and velocity distributions. Results show that: 1) the code can fairly well predict the Cp distribution, the distribution of the through-flow velocity, and the secondary flow field, 2) pump rotation has a major effect on the secondary flow field and on the mass-averaged total pressure loss, and 3) inlet velocity profiles have a profound effect on the mass-averaged total pressure loss.
Leighton-Micali Hash-Based Signatures (2019)

This note describes a digital signature system based on cryptographic
hash functions, following the seminal work in this area of Lamport,
Diffie, Winternitz, and Merkle, as adapted by Leighton and Micali in
1995. It specifies a one-time signature scheme and a general signature
scheme. These systems provide asymmetric authentication without using
large integer mathematics and can achieve a high security level. They
are suitable for compact implementations, are relatively simple to
implement, and naturally resist side-channel attacks. Unlike most
other signature systems, hash-based signatures would still be secure
even if it proves feasible for an attacker to build a quantum
computer. This document is a product of the Crypto Forum Research
Group (CFRG) in the IRTF.