gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating Long-Term Stability of Wide Bandwidth Surface Acoustic Waves Gyroscopes Using a Monolithically Integrated Micro-Oven (2020)

This paper is the first to investigate the long-term stability of Surface Acoustic Wave Gyroscopes (SAWG) using an ovenized control system. Monolithic integration of a MEMS heater adjacent to SAW devices on Lithium Niobate over insulator substrate (LNOI) tightly couples frequency-based temperature detection with heating for temperature and frequency stabilization. This first prototype demonstrates the ability to minimize the temperature variations of the SAWG to below ±10 μK and stabilize the SAWG resonance frequency to ±0.2 ppm. This approach thus eliminates the thermal drift in a SAWG and enables the development of a new generation of MEMS-based gyroscopes with long-term stability.
A Full Scale Two-Phase Flow Loop Test of Downhole Permanent Multiphase Flow Meter (2015)

Abstract This work presents a joint collaboration effort between Saudi Aramco and Schlumberger for the qualification of a new generation of downhole permanent multiphase flow meter. We report the validation test of a new permanent completion tool, which is planned to be deployed in horizontal and multi-lateral wells. The field deployment requires the installation of several stations of the tool for an efficient zonal monitoring and control of the reservoir. Each metering station has a miniature flow meter, water cut sensor and an electro-valve which can be controlled by the operator to prevent the water breakthrough in the production tubing and optimize the oil production. Before the field installation, a unique full scale two-phase flow loop was built in Saudi Arabia specifically to test the accuracy of the metering devices. A complete physical modeling campaign was designed to model the flow of oil and water in downhole conditions through appropriate matching of defined flow non-dimensional numbers. The experimental tests showed excellent results with accurate monitoring of the produced fluids and a smooth control of the oil production.
Conjugation to Biocompatible Dendrimers Increases Lanthanide T2 Relaxivity of Hydroxypyridinone Complexes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2012)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents represent a worldwide billion-dollar market annually. While <i>T<sub>1</sub></i> relaxivity enhancement contrast agents receive greater attention and a significantly larger market share, the commercial potential for <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> relaxivity enhancing contrast agents remains a viable diagnostic option due to their increased relaxivity at high field strengths. Improving the contrast and biocompatibility of <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> MRI probes may enable new diagnostic prospects for MRI. Paramagnetic lanthanides have the potential to decrease <i>T<sub>1</sub></i> and <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> proton relaxation times, but are not commercially used in MRI diagnostics as <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> agents. In this article, oxygen donor chelates (hydroxypyridinone, HOPO, and terephthalamide, TAM) of various lanthanides are demonstrated as biocompatible macromolecular dendrimer conjugates for the development of <i>T<sub>2</sub></i> MRI probes. These conjugates have relaxivities up to 374 mm<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> per dendrimer, high bioavailability, and low <i>in vitro</i> toxicity.
Development Guidance for Minimum Sign Area for Slipbase Supports (2013)

This study seeks to establish a minimum sign area to be mounted on a slipbase system to reduce severity of the roof crush and improve safety according to the new safety-performance evaluation guidelines included in the AASHTO Manual for Assessing Hardware (MASH). Computer simulation was used to help predict whether or not secondary contact between a support system and an impacting vehicle would occur, and the probable location of the contact. Full-scale crash testing MASH 3-61 (1100C passenger car) and 3-62 (2270P pickup truck) were conducted with the vehicles impacting the sign support at a speed of 62 mph. A 12 square ft size sign was mounted on a BWG 10 T-bracket configuration #2 pipe support type. Test 3-61 resulted in a roof crush of 4.75 inches, which did not meet MASH criteria. After carefully reviewing and interpreting a new set of computer simulation results, researchers suggested 14 square ft to be the minimum sign size for a slipbase support system. A new full scale crash test MASH 3-61 (1100C passenger car) was performed on a 14 square ft sign area. The new test met the MASH criteria. It is recommended that signs with an area between 14 and 24 square ft would be mounted on a BWG 10 pipe support with slipbase. All signs with an area smaller than 14 square ft need to be mounted on a 13 BWG pole with a wedge and socket system. Sign areas between 24 and 36 square ft should be mounted on a schedule 80 pipe support with a slipbase support system.
SU‐E‐T‐670: Using Overlap Volume Histogram Analysis of a Prior Plan Dataset to Generate Clinically Acceptable Plans for CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer (2013)

Purpose: CyberKnife offers the potential benefits of non‐isocentric, non‐coplanar treatment delivery. However, its planning is a laborious manual, trial‐and‐error process. This study is to investigate whether an overlap volume histogram (OVH)‐driven planning approach can produce clinically acceptable plans for treatment of localized prostate cancer. Methods: It is assumed that given consistent target coverage, patients with a relevant target‐organ spatial relationship should have similar organ sparing. The OVH is used to characterize the 3‐D spatial relationship between an organ and a target. A database containing the OVH and DVH of prior plans is built to serve as an external reference. During the initial planning, the OVH is used to search through the database to find a prior patient group whose target‐organ relationship is related to that of a new patient. The planning objectives for the new patient are then estimated from the group and input into the CyberKnife TPS for optimization. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, the plans of 12 prostate patients (prescription: 36.25Gy in 5 fractions) are generated by the OVH approach and compared to the corresponding clinical plans using the in‐house dosimetric guidelines. Results: Physicians confirm that OVH plans are clinically acceptable. OVH plans: on average, Vcc(37Gy) and V(18.12Gy) to the bladder decrease 1cc and 6% (p&lt;0.05); Vcc(36Gy) and V(18.12Gy) to the rectum decrease 0.02cc and 4.3% (p=0.3); Vcc(40Gy) to the prostatic urethra decreases 0.08cc (p=0.01); V(14.5Gy) to the femur heads decreases 0.58% (p=0.01). V(37Gy) to the membranous urethra increases from 23.1% to 24.5% (p=0.75); V(29.5Gy) to the penile bulb increases from 5.5% to 10.7% (p=0.35); V(36.25Gy) to PTV increases 0.2% (p=0.4); the estimated delivery time deceases 3.5 minutes (p=0.01). Conclusion: With respect to planner‐created clinical plans, this approach offers an alternative way to generate clinically acceptable plans. It advances the possibility of automated CyberKnife planning. C. Sims, employed by Accuray, Inc;S.P Collins, Accuray clinical consultant
Designing Energy-Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks Using Energy-Aware Pruning (2017)

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are indispensable to state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms. However, they are still rarely deployed on battery-powered mobile devices, such as smartphones and wearable gadgets, where vision algorithms can enable many revolutionary real-world applications. The key limiting factor is the high energy consumption of CNN processing due to its high computational complexity. While there are many previous efforts that try to reduce the CNN model size or the amount of computation, we find that they do not necessarily result in lower energy consumption. Therefore, these targets do not serve as a good metric for energy cost estimation. To close the gap between CNN design and energy consumption optimization, we propose an energy-aware pruning algorithm for CNNs that directly uses the energy consumption of a CNN to guide the pruning process. The energy estimation methodology uses parameters extrapolated from actual hardware measurements. The proposed layer-by-layer pruning algorithm also prunes more aggressively than previously proposed pruning methods by minimizing the error in the output feature maps instead of the filter weights. For each layer, the weights are first pruned and then locally fine-tuned with a closed-form least-square solution to quickly restore the accuracy. After all layers are pruned, the entire network is globally fine-tuned using back-propagation. With the proposed pruning method, the energy consumption of AlexNet and GoogLeNet is reduced by 3.7x and 1.6x, respectively, with less than 1% top-5 accuracy loss. We also show that reducing the number of target classes in AlexNet greatly decreases the number of weights, but has a limited impact on energy consumption.
MMSE Channel Estimation Scheme using Virtual Pilot Signal for IEEE 802.11p (2016)

본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11p 통신 시스템 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 가상 기준신호(virtual pilot)를 사용하는 MMSE(minimum mean square error) 채널 추정 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 채널 추정 기법은 기준신호 부반송파 사이에 위치하는 약속된 데이터 부반송파, 즉 가상 기준신호 부반송파에서 수신되는 데이터 심볼을 이용하여 초기 채널 추정치와 초기 채널 추정치를 기반으로 하는 주파수 영역 상관행렬을 구하고, 이를 이용하여 주파수 영역 MMSE기법을 수행한다. 제안하는 기법이 주파수 선택적 페이딩 환경에서 가상 기준신호 부반송파를 사용하여 주파수 영역에서의 채널 추정 간격을 감소시킴으로서, 추가적인 복잡도가 낮지만 채널 추정 성능을 효과적으로 개선함을 시뮬레이션을 통해 증명한다.
Study of YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films grown on single crystal SrTiO3: Not all high angle grain boundaries destroy Jc (1990)

The microstructure of YBa2Cu3O7−x films on (001) and (014) SrTiO3 is examined by x‐ray diffraction, optical microscopy and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. The growth of YBa2Cu3O7−x in as‐deposited films is extremely anisotropic resulting in plate‐like grains with (001) surfaces. These types of YBa2Cu3O7−x grains, 90°‐misoriented from each other, are observed to grow on both (001) and (014) surfaces of single crystal SrTiO3 because in cubic SrTiO3 there are three equivalent 〈100〉 directions that the c‐direction [001] of YBa2Cu3O7−x can align with. On (001) SrTiO3, the (001) oriented platelets become dominant over the whole film due to the anisotropic growth‐rates, while on (014) none of the three orientations dominates resulting in smaller grain size and smoother surface. The 3‐fold degenerate epitaxy of YBa2Cu3O7−x on SrTiO3 results in near‐Σ1 grain boundaries with two 90°‐misoriented abutting crystals. These high angle yet crystallographically special boundaries are inevitably free of extraneous phases because of their low boundary energies and therefore, they provide intact connections between YBa2Cu3O7−x grains throughout the film. While some extraneous phases do exist in these films, they are located away from the bounaries, and hence, are not damaging to superconducting transport. The argument agrees with the high critical current density measured (2×106A/cm2) at 77 K for a YBa2Cu3O7−x film on (014) SrTiO3 where the measured supercurrent had to pass through at least 10 such boundaries.
Measured Noise from Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2016)

Proposed uses of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), including home package delivery, have the potential to expose large portions of communities to a new noise source. This paper discusses results of flyover noise measurements of four small UAVs, including an internal combustion-powered model airplane and three battery-powered multicopters. Basic noise characteristics of these vehicles are discussed, including spectral properties and sound level metrics such as sound pressure level, effective perceived noise level, and sound exposure level. The size and aerodynamic characteristics of the multicopters in particular make their flight path susceptible to atmospheric disturbances such as wind gusts. These gusts, coupled with a flight control system that varies rotor speed to maintain vehicle stability, create an unsteady acoustic signature. The spectral variations resulting from this unsteadiness are explored, in both hover and flyover conditions for the multicopters. The time varying noise, which differs from the relatively steady noise generated by large transport aircraft, may complicate the prediction of human annoyance using conventional sound level metrics.
Brain-Machine Interfaces: Electrophysiological Challenges and Limitations (2011)

Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) seek to directly communicate with the human nervous system in order to diagnose and treat intrinsic neurological disorders. While the first generation of these devices has realized significant clinical successes, they often rely on gross electrical stimulation using empirically derived parameters through open-loop mechanisms of action that are not yet fully understood. Their limitations reflect the inherent challenge in developing the next generation of these devices. This review identifies lessons learned from the first generation of BMI devices (chiefly deep brain stimulation), identifying key problems for which the solutions will aid the development of the next generation of technologies. Our analysis examines four hypotheses for the mechanism by which brain stimulation alters surrounding neurophysiologic activity. We then focus on motor prosthetics, describing various approaches to overcoming the problems of decoding neural signals. We next turn to visual prosthetics, an area for which the challenges of signal coding to match neural architecture has been partially overcome. Finally, we close with a review of cortical stimulation, examining basic principles that will be incorporated into the design of future devices. Throughout the review, we relate the issues of each specific topic to the common thread of BMI research: translating new knowledge of network neuroscience into improved devices for neuromodulation.
Evaluation of the efficiency of tumor and tissue delivery of carrier-mediated agents (CMA) and small molecule (SM) agents in mice using a novel pharmacokinetic (PK) metric: relative distribution index over time (RDI-OT) (2020)

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of carrier-mediated agents (CMA) is dependent upon the carrier system. As a result, CMA PK differs greatly from the PK of small molecule (SM) drugs. Advantages of CMAs over SMs include prolonged circulation time in plasma, increased delivery to tumors, increased antitumor response, and decreased toxicity. In theory, CMAs provide greater tumor drug delivery than SMs due to their prolonged plasma circulation time. We sought to create a novel PK metric to evaluate the efficiency of tumor and tissue delivery of CMAs and SMs. We conducted a study evaluating the plasma, tumor, liver, and spleen PK of CMAs and SMs in mice bearing subcutaneous flank tumors using standard PK parameters and a novel PK metric entitled relative distribution over time (RDI-OT), which measures efficiency of delivery. RDI-OT is defined as the ratio of tissue drug concentration to plasma drug concentration at each time point. The standard concentration versus time area under the curve values (AUC) of CMAs were higher in all tissues and plasma compared with SMs. However, 8 of 17 SMs had greater tumor RDI-OT AUC0–last values than their CMA comparators and all SMs had greater tumor RDI-OT AUC0–6 h values than their CMA comparators. Our results indicate that in mice bearing flank tumor xenografts, SMs distribute into tumor more efficiently than CMAs. Further research in additional tumor models that may more closely resemble tumors seen in patients is needed to determine if our results are consistent in different model systems.
6LoWPAN Routing Header (2016)

This specification introduces a new 6LoWPAN dispatch type for use in
6LoWPAN Route-Over topologies, that initially covers the needs of RPL
(RFC6550) data packets compression. Using this dispatch type, this
specification defines a method to compress RPL Option (RFC6553)
information and Routing Header type 3 (RFC6554), an efficient IP-in-
IP technique and is extensible for more applications.
Analysis of a local search heuristic for facility location problems (1998)

In this paper, we study approximation algorithms for several NP-hard facility location problems. We prove that a simple local search heuristic yields polynomial-time constant-factor approximation bounds for the metric versions of the uncapacitated k-median problem and the uncapacitated facility location problem. (For the k-median problem, our algorithms require a constant-factor blowup in the parameter k.) This local search heuristic was first proposed several decades ago, and has been shown to exhibit good practical performance in empirical studies. We also extend the above results to obtain constant-factor approximation bounds for the metric versions of capacitated k-median and facility location problems.
Simulating Influence of Channel Kinetics and Temperature on Hodgkin-Huxley Threshold Dynamics (2014)

Information processing in the brain results from the spread and interaction of electrical and chemical signals among neurons. The Hodgkin-Huxley model, describes the spiking and refractory properties of real neurons and serves as a paradigm based on nonlinear conductance of ion channels. Activation of various ion channels establish the spiking behavior of a neuron which determines the communication and coding in nervous system. Firing rates, timing of spikes, and spiking threshold properties are major firing properties of neuronal sparking activities. The temperature influence on neuron spiking threshold regulates the neuronal activities as electrophysiological experiments on neural spiking actions are rarely conducted outside of room temperature in vitro or body temperature in vivo. Temperature changes affect the spiking dynamics of excitable neurons via maximum ion channel conductances and ion channel gating kinetics. The latter has a major impact on changing the shape and amplitude of action potential as well as the generation and propagation of spikes. The purpose of this research is to study, simulate and analyze how the temperature change influence spiking properties of a neuron, channel kinetics as well as activation and inactivation variables of the potassium and sodium channels which determine the dynamics of Hodgkin-Huxley model.
Preparation of α-Hydroxy-β-Fmoc Amino Acids from N-Boc Amino Acids (2011)

A general method for the conversion of N-Boc amino acids­ into their homologated α-hydroxy-β-Fmoc amino acids is described. The protocol involved preparation of the amino aldehyde by reduction of the corresponding Weinreb amides, hydrocyanation, and hydrolysis of the nitrile group, followed by reprotection of the amino acid as the Fmoc derivative.
Design of Acoustic Metamaterials for Shock and Vibration Control. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Photonic Crystal Cavities (2016)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Noda, "Photonic Crystal Cavities," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2016), paper Th1K.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An Interpolation Filter Design for the Full Digital Audio Amplifier (2012)

자연 샘플링 펄스폭 변조 방식을 디지털 영역에서 적용하기 위해서는 왜곡성능이 우수하고 계산 량이 적은 보간 필터가 필수적이다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 변형된 패로우 구조를 기반으로 한 새로운 형태의 보간 필터를 제안 및 설계한다. 제안된 필터는 아날로그 신호 추정을 위해 단지 4개의 주변 샘플 값만을 필요로 하는 단순화된 구조를 가지므로 기존의 라그랑지 보간 필터와 비슷한 복잡도를 유지하면서 더 우수한 통과 대역 왜곡 특성을 보인다. 설계된 보간 필터를 이용하여 20 kHz 의 가청 주파수 대역에서 10-3 dB 의 최대 왜곡 편차를 달성하여 기존의 라그랑지 보간 방식과 비교하여 1/6 정도 감소된 최대 왜곡 편차 특성을 실현하였다. A computationally efficient interpolation filter with a low-distortion performance is a key component to utilize the naturally-sampled pulse width modulation (NPWM) in a digital domain. To realize the efficient interpolation filter, we propose a novel design based on the recently-proposed modified Farrow filter. The proposed filter shows a better pass-band distortion performance maintaining similar degree of complexity compared with the conventional Lagrange interpolation filter. We achieve the maximum distortion deviation of 10-3 dB to 20-kHz audible frequency range and distortion reduction of 1/6 times compared with the Lagrange interpolation filter.
Bottom-Up Self-assembled Hydrogel-Mineral Composites Regenerate Rabbit Ulna Defect without Added Growth Factors (2020)

Hydrogel-based biomaterials have advanced bone tissue engineering approaches in the last decade, through their ability to serve as a carrier for potent growth factor, bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). However, biophysical properties of hydrogels such as multiscale structural hierarchy and bone extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic microarchitecture are underutilized while designing current bone grafts. Incorporation of these properties offers great potential to create a favorable biomimetic microenvironment to harness their regenerative potential. Here, we present our approach to fabricate collagen-inspired bioactive hydrogel scaffolds (referred to as "RegenMatrix") to guide and enhance bone regeneration in a rabbit ulna defect model through the mimicry of multiscale architecture of bone ECM, <i>i.e</i>., native collagen. Specifically, we employed polyelectrolyte complexation to promote bottom-up self-assembly of oppositely charged polysaccharides (chitosan and kappa-carrageenan) at multiple length scales forming fibrils, which further assemble into fibers. The self-assembly and bioinspired scaffold fabrication method resulted in robust cylindrical RegenMatrix with excellent retention of the multiscale architecture and uniform mineral deposition throughout the scaffolds. RegenMatrix, in both nonmineralized and mineralized forms, enhanced bone regeneration in the semiload-bearing ulna defect when compared to the empty defect. RegenMatrix also showed greater histocompatibility without any fibrous tissue formation. Collectively, the RegenMatrix developed in this study has a great potential as a bioactive bone graft without any added growth factors.
Parasite-Dependent Expansion of TNF Receptor II–Positive Regulatory T Cells with Enhanced Suppressive Activity in Adults with Severe Malaria (2009)

Severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major cause of global mortality, yet the immunological factors underlying progression to severe disease remain unclear. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are associated with impaired T cell control of Plasmodium spp infection. We investigated the relationship between Treg cells, parasite biomass, and P. falciparum malaria disease severity in adults living in a malaria-endemic region of Indonesia. CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)CD127(lo) Treg cells were significantly elevated in patients with uncomplicated (UM; n = 17) and severe malaria (SM; n = 16) relative to exposed asymptomatic controls (AC; n = 10). In patients with SM, Treg cell frequency correlated positively with parasitemia (r = 0.79, p = 0.0003) and total parasite biomass (r = 0.87, p<0.001), both major determinants for the development of severe and fatal malaria, and Treg cells were significantly increased in hyperparasitemia. There was a further significant correlation between Treg cell frequency and plasma concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (TNFRII) in SM. A subset of TNFRII(+) Treg cells with high expression of Foxp3 was increased in severe relative to uncomplicated malaria. In vitro, P. falciparum-infected red blood cells dose dependently induced TNFRII(+)Foxp3(hi) Treg cells in PBMC from malaria-unexposed donors which showed greater suppressive activity than TNFRII(-) Treg cells. The selective enrichment of the Treg cell compartment for a maximally suppressive TNFRII(+)Foxp3(hi) Treg subset in severe malaria provides a potential link between immune suppression, increased parasite biomass, and malaria disease severity. The findings caution against the induction of TNFRII(+)Foxp3(hi) Treg cells when developing effective malaria vaccines.