gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traditional Chinese Medicine Tanreqing Inhibits Quorum Sensing Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2020)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is an opportunistic pathogen that can infect a wide variety of hosts including humans, plants, and animals. The production of virulence factors is the determinant of the infection paradigm and is under orchestrated regulation via cell-to-cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS). To disable QS circuits and prevent bacterial infections, a large battery of anti-QS agents, particularly from traditional Chinese medicine have been developed. Here, we used <i>P. aeruginosa</i> as a model microorganism to investigate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Tanreqing (TRQ) formula on bacterial pathogenicity. Phenotypic analysis showed that TRQ treatment could completely inhibit the production of phenazine pyocyanin and moderately inhibit the production of virulence factors such as rhamnolipids, elastase, and alkaline protease. Further transcriptomic analyses revealed that TRQ treatment could significantly attenuate the expression of QS-regulated genes in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and TRQ-treated <i>P. aeruginosa</i> regulon shared a large overlap with QS regulon. Component contribution to QS inhibition shed light on the indispensable role of all five components in TRQ formula. Further genetic analysis indicated that upstream regulators of QS systems, including two-component systems GacS/GacA and PprA/PprB, were both inhibited by TRQ treatment. Finally, our TRQ formula could efficiently protect <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> from killing by <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Altogether, we have proved TRQ formula as an effective and specific agent to attenuate bacterial virulence and combat bacterial infections.
Surface and Bulk Properties of LiFePO4 Probed by the Magnetic Analysis (2013)

The electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 are not only governed by the structural homogeneity of the bulk material but also by the surface condition of each primary particle. The magnetic properties of LiFePO4 particles probing both bulk and surface are reviewed. Their analysis is a very efficient tool of characterization of the intrinsic properties of the bulk material. They are also used to identify and determine the concentration of the impurities and of the defects, separately. They are also used to characterize the surface layer, study its crystallinity, and its delithiation upon exposure to moisture. The electrochemical features of 40-nm sized LiFePO4 particles before carbon coating and after carbon-coating are tested in LiFePO4/LiPF6-EC-DEC/Li cells.
Benzyltrimethylammonium Tetramethoxoborate (1997)

In the title compound, C10H16N+.C4H12BO4− or [PhCH2NMe3][B(OMe)4], the anion has essentially \overline{4}2m (D2 d) symmetry, with a tetragonal elongation to give two opposite O—B—O angles markedly smaller than the other four. Comparison with the structures of other salts indicates that this is an intrinsic property of the anion rather than the result of specific interionic or intermolecular interactions.
Measurements of macrosonic standing waves in oscillating cavities (1997)

Measurements of macrosonic standing waves in oscillating closed cavities are shown. These cavities (resonators) were designed by MacroSonix using resonant macrosonic synthesis (RMS) to shape the resultant waveform. By controlling the nonlinear processes by which energy is transferred to harmonic frequencies, RMS allows design of resonators that give high-amplitude shock-free waveforms. Measurements in cavities designed with RMS show standing-wave overpressures in excess of 340% of ambient pressure, compared to maximum overpressures in cylindrical cavities of about 17%. Power is delivered by oscillating the entire resonator along its axis with a linear actuator (entire resonator drive). Measurements are shown for four axisymmetric resonator shapes: cylinder, cone, horn-cone hybrid, and bulb. Resonators were filled with nitrogen, propane, or refrigerant R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane). Ratios of peak-to-minimum pressures of 27 were observed. Since practical compressors for air, refrigerants, or other gases require pressure ratios (discharge to suction) of 3 or more, RMS technology can be used in a wide range of applications. Frequency sweeps show softening or hardening behavior, depending on resonator shape. High-amplitude resonance sweeps show significant hysteresis.
Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Nanocrystalline Mn-Doped ZnO Depending on Mn Concentration (2011)

The physical properties of Zn(1-x)Mn(x)O nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition are extensively investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman light scattering and Hysteresis measurements. XRD and XPS spectra reveal the absence of secondary phase in nanocrystalline ZnO doped with 5% or less Mn; and, later confirms that the valance state of Mn to be 2+ for all the samples. Raman spectra exhibit a peak at 660 cm(-1) which we attribute to the intrinsic lattice defects of ZnO with increasing Mn concentration. Overall, our results demonstrate that ferromagnetic properties can be realized while Mn-doped ZnO obtained in the nanocrystalline form.
Waveform design principles for 5G and beyond (2016)

Various emerging applications in future wireless networks require rethinking the access techniques not only from the capacity perspective but also satisfying a wide variety of requirements under the same framework. Traditional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based schemes still suffer from some limitations that stand in front of their existence in future technologies. The main goal of this study is to pave the way towards rethinking the waveform design by providing the main components of a wireless communication system. The concept of the multidimensional lattice is introduced, exploiting the angular dimension that opens a new horizon in research for 5G technology and beyond. The study proposes a new way of waveform design procedure that considers the multidimensional grid, which is essential for exploiting the opportunities in spatial domain effectively. In addition, the waveform design criteria for various applications and frequency bands are presented.
Investigation of the Feasibility of Extracting the Characteristics of Sealed Boxes Using an Automotive FMCW Radar (2022)

This paper investigates the feasibility of extracting the characteristics of sealed paper boxes based on range profiles using a millimeter-wave automotive FMCW radar. Radar is one of the key basic sensors for driving assistance and collision avoidance. Target classification using radar has been studied extensively, yet the detection of sealed material requires further investigation to improve situational awareness for better judgment. We suggest the classification of sealed paper boxes with different materials based on range-profile plots, which capture wave reflection from the box and wave attenuation when traveling through a lossy material. We measure the range profiles of sealed boxes encompassing paper in five different quantities using a millimeter-wave FMCW radar. A theoretical approach is used as a proof of concept, which supports the results of the range-profile measurements. The range profiles of the box with several other materials are also obtained and their characteristics are compared.
Eradication of Barrett’s mucosa with argon plasma coagulation and acid suppression: immediate and mid term results (1998)

APC combined with 40 mg omeprazole daily can eradicate Barrett's mucosa with apparent squamous re-epithelialisation in the majority of patients even in the absence of normalisation of oesophageal acid exposure. However, one year after endotherapy for Barrett's oesophagus, relapse is frequent but limited in extent.
Decomposing Partial Order Execution Graphs to Improve Message Race Detection (2007)

In message-passing parallel applications, messages are not delivered in a strict order. In most applications, the computation results and the set of messages produced during the execution should be the same for all distinct orderings of messages delivery. Finding an ordering that produces a different outcome then reveals a message race. Assuming that the partial order execution graph (POEG) capturing the causality between events is known for a reference execution, the present paper describes techniques for identifying independent sets of messages and within each set equivalent message orderings. Orderings of messages belonging to different sets may then be re-executed independently from each other, thereby reducing the number of orderings that must be tested to detect message races. We integrated the presented techniques into the dynamic parallel schedules parallelization framework, and applied our approach on an image processing, a linear algebra, and a neighborhood-dependent parallel computation. In all cases, the number of possible orderings is reduced by several orders of magnitudes. In order to further reduce this number, we describe an algorithm that generates a subset of orderings that are likely to reveal existing message races.
The use of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies for studying antigen-specific T and B cell receptors. (1984)

Eight syngeneic HP-id specific for anti-GAT antibodies are tested for their capacity to detect idiotypes on GAT-specific T cell lines. Their affinity constants are between 5 X 10(-7) and 10(-8) molar-1 which permit significant binding analysis. They detect idiotopes expressed in anti-GAT sera from all the strains of mice tested and by 14 BALB/c HP-GAT. In addition, the distribution of the corresponding idiotopes among all allogeneic HP-GAT allow the identification of two groups of idiotopes. Some idiotopes are expressed by a minority of HP-GAT; the other idiotopes are expressed by all of them. Nevertheless, in spite of the broad molecular and genetic distribution of these idiotopes on anti-GAT antibodies, they are not expressed by three GAT-specific T cell lines from different genetic origins.
Extraction of valuable biocompounds assisted by high voltage electrical discharges: A review (2014)

The application of strong electric fields in gases, water and organic liquids has been studied for several years, because of its importance in electrical transmission processes and its practical applications in biology, chemistry, and electrochemistry. More recently, electrical discharges have been investigated and are being developed in water for enhancing the extraction of biocompounds from different raw materials. This paper reviews the current status of research on the application of high voltage electrical discharges for promoting cell disruption in aqueous suspension of biological materials, with particular emphasis on application to biocompounds extraction.
Advances in Computers and Information in Engineering Research (2014)

This book series aims to capture advances in computers and information in engineering research, especially by researchers and members of ASME's Computers & Information in Engineering (CIE) Division. The books will be published in both traditional and eBook formats. The series is focusing on advances in computational methods, algorithms, tools, and processes on the cutting edge of research and development as they have evolved and/or have been reported during the last three to five annual CIE conferences. The series will provide a resource for enhancing engineering practice by enabling the understanding and the application of evolving and emerging technologies that impact critical engineering issues related to the topics and themes under CIE's technical committees areas of interest, but not limited to: Advanced Modeling and Simulation; Computer-Aided Product and Process Development; Systems Engineering, Information and Knowledge Management; Virtual Environments and Systems.
Biomarkers of Aggressiveness in Prostate Cancer (2011)

Although significant progress in the investigation of prostate cancer biomarkers, some men are overdiagnosed with indolent prostate cancer while others die from aggressive disease diagnosed too late. The introduction of PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) in clinical practice has resulted in early detection and reduced mortality from prostate cancer (Schroder et al., 2009). Despite its great utility for prostate cancer detection and prognostication, PSA as a single test has several limitations. Prostate cancer screening remains thus controversial, because of the risk of overdiagnosis reduced mortality and overtreatment and the inability to detect a significant proportion of aggressive tumors. To extend the limited information provided by PSA testing, other biomarkers that could discriminate between indolent from aggressive cancers are therefore an absolute must. Despite numerous studies of biomarker candidates have been presented the last decade, the identification of the most aggressive subsets of this disease is still not possible. This review will cover last years development in this area and highlight the most promising biomarkers in prostate cancer, which have been divided into three groups; protein-based, DNA-based and RNA-based markers.
Observation of space charge limited current by Cu ion drift in porous low-k/Cu interconnects (2010)

This letter reports the observation of the space charge limited current (SCLC) induced by injection and drift of Cu ions into porous low-k dielectrics. The SCLC, characterized by the momentary rise and fall of current with time, is found in all Cu interconnects having defective Ta barrier while it is absent in interconnects with intact barrier. This observation, combined with existing model on SCLC, leads to the conclusion that Cu ions can be injected through defects in Ta barrier and drift under electric field with the mobility as high as an order of 10−13 cm2/sec V at room temperature.
Invited Paper Multiple-Quantum-Well CCD Spatial Light Modulators (1988)

We review previously reported results on the fabrication and operation of spatial light modulators which use electroabsorption in multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures. These devices are electrically addressed by clocking a pattern of charge packets into a charge-coupled device (CCD). At each CCD pixel the amount of stored charge determines the electric field across the underlying MQW structure, which in turn determines the optical transmission of the device near the band-edge quantum-well excitors peak. The light is incident normal to the wafer surface and enters the device through semi-transparent CCD gates. Both 16-stage and 32-stage one-dimensional devices and 16-by-16 two-dimensional devices have been fabricated on epitaxial layers containing GaAs/AlGaAs MOW structures for operation in the 0.85-&mu;m region and also on epitaxial layers containing InGaAs/GaAs MQW structures for operation above 0.9 &mu;m. The one-dimensional devices have been operated as spatial light modulators at low CCD clock frequencies (up to 1 MHz); they display modulation depths far superior to CCD spatial light modulators fabricated on bulk GaAs.
Erythronium Bonds: Noncovalent Interactions Involving Group 5 Elements as Electron‐Density Acceptors** (2023)

Analyses of the Cambridge Structural Database and theoretical calculations (PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level, atoms-in-molecules, natural bond orbital studies) prove the formation of net attractive noncovalent interactions between group 5 elements and electron-rich atoms (neutral or anionic). These kinds of bonding are markedly different from coordination bonds formed by the same elements and possess the distinctive features of σ-hole interactions. The term erythronium bond is proposed to denote these bonds. X-ray structures of vanadate-dependent bromoperoxidases show that these interactions are present also in biological systems.
Evolution of stripe and bubble domains in antiferromagnetically coupled[(Co/Pt)8/Co/Ru]18multilayers (2009)

The magnetization process of antiferromagnetically coupled ${[{(\text{Co}/\text{Pt})}_{8}/\text{Co}/\text{Ru}]}_{18}$ multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy is investigated via magnetic force microscopy at room temperature by imaging the domain configuration in magnetic fields. In the zero-field state, due to the perpendicular anisotropy, stripe domains characteristic for ferromagnetic coupling are observed. By increasing the external magnetic field, the domain configuration first modifies gradually, then transforms from continuous into isolated stripes, and changes in the end into bubbles, which collapse at higher fields. A theoretical model previously developed for bubble domains in single layer films is adapted for arbitrary complex multilayers and applied to the present layer architecture. The calculated values for strip-out and collapse fields compare well with the experimental results and demonstrate the validity of the theoretical description.
Solder Bump Maker with coining process on TSV chips for 3D packages (2010)

The electroplating and screen printing are widely used in the micro-electric industry but they have disadvantages of a complicated series of bumping process, equipments and materials. Furthermore, they are not suitable for the fine pitch bumping technology. To overcome these weak points, a maskless bumping technology using SBM has been developed. Solder Bump Masker (SBM) technology does not need any special equipment and mask tools. It is composed of solder powder and a resin. The solder is Sn58Bi and the resin is designed to have low viscosity for theological characteristics of the solder droplets. In this paper, we optimized the bumping condition with controlling the process time. After bumping, the coining process, which the various loads were applied, has been investigated to get the bump with the extremely uniform heights. Finally, low-volume bumps with the excellent uniformity were successfully achieved.
Targeted nanotechnologies for cancer intervention: a patent review (2010-2016) (2017)

In recent years, several active targeting nanostrategies have been patented for application in cancer theranostics. The versatility of nanostructures in terms of composition, manufacturability, functionalization, and matrix formation make them ideal for carrying large dose of bioactive contents, high density of targeting ligands on their surface, efficient delivery to the site of interest, and capable of forming multicomponent platforms. Areas covered: The patents were classified into polymeric and non-polymeric nanostructures and their applicability in addressing the targeting paradigm related to cancer intervention was explored. Specialized platforms such as nanoparticles, nanomicelles, nanocomposites, nanotubes, quantum dots, metal/silica particles, and dendrimers were cited as targeted nanostructures along with ligands such as antibody fragments, synthetic peptides, aptamers, small molecules, and folates. Here, we focused on patented targeted nanotechnological advances in recent years (2010-2016). Expert opinion: The formulation and performance prerequisites, available nanomaterial options, fabrication feasibility, and challenges and issues related with regulatory approval and patenting of cancer targeted nanocarriers are reviewed. Future research in this area should focus on clinically relevant bioactive combinations, better metastasis control, integration of imaging and theranostic techniques, predictive animal/pre-clinical models, maximal utilisation of extra- and intracellular tumor microenvironment for drug delivery, and exploring the metabolomic-, proteomic-, and genomic-based personalization of cancer nanomedicine.
Optimal and Random Partitions of Random Graphs (1994)

The behavior of random graphs with respect to graph partitioning is considered. It is shown that, for a random graph with n vertices and with expected degree exceeding a constant times ln n, the graph cannot be partitioned well, i.e. a random partition is likely to be almost as good as an optimal partition.
12 kV 4H-SiC p-IGBTs with Record Low Specific On-Resistance (2008)

DC characteristics of 4H-SiC p-channel IGBTs capable of blocking -12 kV and conducting -0.4 A (-100 A/cm2) at a forward voltage of -5.2 V at 25°C are demonstrated for the first time. A record low differential on-resistance of 14 mW×cm2 was achieved with a gate bias of -20 V indicating a strong conductivity modulation in the p-type drift region. A moderately doped current enhancement layer grown on the lightly doped drift layer effectively reduces the JFET resistance while maintains a high carrier lifetime for conductivity modulation. A hole MOS channel mobility of 12.5 cm2/V-s at -20 V of gate bias was measured with a MOS threshold voltage of -5.8 V. The blocking voltage of -12 kV was achieved by Junction Termination Extension (JTE).
Understanding quantum interference in coherent molecular conduction (2008)

Theory and experiment examining electron transfer through molecules bound to electrodes are increasingly focused on quantities that are conceptually far removed from current chemical understanding. This presents challenges both for the design of interesting molecules for these devices and for the interpretation of experimental data by traditional chemical mechanisms. Here, the concept of electronic coupling from theories of intramolecular electron transfer is extended and applied in the scattering theory (Landauer) formalism. This yields a simple sum over independent channels, that is then used to interpret and explain the unusual features of junction transport through cross-conjugated molecules and the differences among benzene rings substituted at the ortho, meta, or para positions.
Schwartz's Reagent (2003)

Abstract Schwartz's reagent product: Schwartz's Reagent
Characterizing the Topology of an Urban Wireless Sensor Network for Road Traffic Management (2015)

In the near future, wireless networks will be one of the key technologies for road traffic management in smart cities. Vehicles and dedicated roadside units should be interconnected through wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11p (WAVE). Traffic lights and road signs may also take their place in this architecture, forming a large-scale network of small devices that report measurements, take orders from a control center, and are able to take decisions autonomously based on their local perception. Such a network shares many similarities with classical wireless sensor and actuator networks, starting with its distributed organization and with the role of the control center. However, its topology, and, subsequently, the appropriate selection of protocols and algorithms, will be strongly influenced by each city's characteristics. In this paper, we characterize and discuss probable topologies of these networks. The aim of this work is to provide network models that can be used to evaluate protocols and algorithms using realistic scenarios in place of generic random graphs. We deploy such networks over 52 city maps extracted from OpenStreetMap and characterize the resulting graphs, with particular focus on the connectivity aspects (degree distribution and connected components). The tools, the complete data sets, and OMNeT++ network models are freely available online.
Supplementary Table 2C from Molecular Triage of Premalignant Lesions in Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology and Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Urine, Using a Panel of Methylated Human Papilloma Virus and Host Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Profiling of HPV TrDNA 456 reads by tiered mapping.&lt;/p&gt;