gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Together is Better: mRNA Co‐Encapsulation in Lipoplexes is Required to Obtain Ratiometric Co‐Delivery and Protein Expression on the Single Cell Level (2021)

Liposomes can efficiently deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) into cells. When mRNA cocktails encoding different proteins are needed, a considerable challenge is to efficiently deliver all mRNAs into the cytosol of each individual cell. In this work, two methods are explored to co-deliver varying ratiometric doses of mRNA encoding red (R) or green (G) fluorescent proteins and it is found that packaging mRNAs into the same lipoplexes (mingle-lipoplexes) is crucial to efficiently deliver multiple mRNA types into the cytosol of individual cells according to the pre-defined ratio. A mixture of lipoplexes containing only one mRNA type (single-lipoplexes), however, seem to follow the "first come - first serve" principle, resulting in a large variation of R/G uptake and expression levels for individual cells leading to ratiometric dosing only on the population level, but rarely on the single-cell level. These experimental observations are quantitatively explained by a theoretical framework based on the stochasticity of mRNA uptake in cells and endosomal escape of mingle- and single-lipoplexes, respectively. Furthermore, the findings are confirmed in 3D retinal organoids and zebrafish embryos, where mingle-lipoplexes outperformed single-lipoplexes to reliably bring both mRNA types into single cells. This benefits applications that require a strict control of protein expression in individual cells.
Damage in Composite NiMH Positive Electrodes (1997)

Abstract Mechanical degradation in fibrous composite electrodes in use in NiMH (nickel metal hydride) batteries is being studied. NiMH cells exhibit failure in the positive plate due to swelling induced during the electrochemical reaction, which leads to gradual breakdown of the connectivity of the substrate microstructure. Particularly, loss of electrical conductivity as related to losses in mechanical properties upon cell cycling (constant current cycles with substantial overcharge) are being investigated experimentally. These properties are measured for the dry substrate material before and after battery cycling, and the losses observed suggest key failure mechanisms include mechanical damage. Results suggest tradeoffs between use of higher density nickel substrates and improved energy densities using mechanical and resistivity proof tests.
Immune biomarkers for prognosis and prediction of responses to immune checkpoint blockade in cutaneous melanoma (2017)

Existing clinical, anatomopathological and molecular biomarkers fail to reliably predict the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Biomarkers for determining which patients receive adjuvant therapies are needed. The emergence of new technologies and the discovery of new immune populations with different prognostic values allow the immune network in the tumor to be better understood. Importantly, new molecules identified and expressed by immune cells have been shown to reduce the antitumor immune efficacy of therapies, prompting researchers to develop antibodies targeting these so-called "immune checkpoints", which have now entered the oncotherapeutic armamentarium.
New Methodology Toward Chiral, Non‐Racemic 2,5‐cis‐Substituted Piperidines via Suzuki Cross‐Coupling. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High flux electroneutral loose nanofiltration membranes based on rapid deposition of polydopamine/polyethyleneimine (2017)

Tailor-made electroneutral loose nanofiltration membranes for fractionation of the dye/salt mixtures.
Plasmonic nanostructures for photo-catalytic reactors (2009)

3D-FDTD is used to compute the electromagnetic response of various plasmonic nanostructures. Results of computation and simulation are used to design the contact area of the photo-catalytic reactors. Novel nano-fabrication techniques are developed to implement large surface area of plasmonic nanostructures for photo-catalytic reactors. Measurement and analysis of the photo-catalytic process happened in the newly designed photo-chemical reactors clearly demonstrate better efficiency of some photo-catalytic chemical process such as the decomposition of the Methyl Orange to carbon dioxide and water.
Hybrid Gate Dielectric Materials for Unconventional Electronic Circuitry (2014)

Recent advances in semiconductor performance made possible by organic π-electron molecules, carbon-based nanomaterials, and metal oxides have been a central scientific and technological research focus over the past decade in the quest for flexible and transparent electronic products. However, advances in semiconductor materials require corresponding advances in compatible gate dielectric materials, which must exhibit excellent electrical properties such as large capacitance, high breakdown strength, low leakage current density, and mechanical flexibility on arbitrary substrates. Historically, conventional silicon dioxide (SiO2) has dominated electronics as the preferred gate dielectric material in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated transistor circuitry. However, it does not satisfy many of the performance requirements for the aforementioned semiconductors due to its relatively low dielectric constant and intransigent processability. High-k inorganics such as hafnium dioxide (HfO2) or zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) offer some increases in performance, but scientists have great difficulty depositing these materials as smooth films at temperatures compatible with flexible plastic substrates. While various organic polymers are accessible via chemical synthesis and readily form films from solution, they typically exhibit low capacitances, and the corresponding transistors operate at unacceptably high voltages. More recently, researchers have combined the favorable properties of high-k metal oxides and π-electron organics to form processable, structurally well-defined, and robust self-assembled multilayer nanodielectrics, which enable high-performance transistors with a wide variety of unconventional semiconductors. In this Account, we review recent advances in organic-inorganic hybrid gate dielectrics, fabricated by multilayer self-assembly, and their remarkable synergy with unconventional semiconductors. We first discuss the principals and functional importance of gate dielectric materials in thin-film transistor (TFT) operation. Next, we describe the design, fabrication, properties, and applications of solution-deposited multilayer organic-inorganic hybrid gate dielectrics, using self-assembly techniques, which provide bonding between the organic and inorganic layers. Finally, we discuss approaches for preparing analogous hybrid multilayers by vapor-phase growth and discuss the properties of these materials.
Molecular and conventional analyses of microbial diversity in mesophilic and thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket granular sludges (2002)

The microbial community structure of mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) methanogenic granular sludges was surveyed by using both cultivation-independent molecular approach and conventional cultivation technique in order to address the fundamental questions on the microbial populations, i.e. who are present, where they are located, and what they are doing there. To elucidate the microbial constituents within both sludges, we first constructed 16S ribosomal DNA clone libraries, and partial sequencing of the clones was conducted for phylogenetic analysis. In this experiment, we found a number of unidentifiable clones within the domain Bacteria as well as clones that were closely related with 16S rDNAs of cultured microbes. The unidentifiable clones accounted for approximately 60-70% of the total clones in both mesophilic and thermophilic libraries. 16S rRNA-targeted in situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy was subsequently employed to examine where the uncultured populations were located within sludge granules. Spatial organization of uncultured microbes was visualized in thin-sections of both types of granules using fluorescent oligonucleotide probes, which were designed based on the clone sequences of certain novel clusters. This resulted in the detection of two types of uncultured cells in specific locations inside the granules. Finally, the goal-directed conventional cultivation technique was employed to recover such uncultured anaerobes and uncover their physiology and functions. In this approach, a total of five new species of thermophilic microorganisms were isolated, including several types of syntrophs and a novel sugar-fermenting bacterium. In the previous molecular approaches, all of these isolates were suggested to be significant populations within thermophilic granular sludge, hence obtaining these isolates in pure culture decreased the fraction of unknown clones in the previous thermophilic clone library from 70% to 40%. In conclusion, these approaches successfully revealed biodiversity and spatial organization of microbes of interest in sludge granules, and enlarged the fundamental knowledge of microbial constituents functioning as significant populations in the UASB processes.
Demonstration of universal time-reversal for qubit processes (2022)

Experimental dataset for "Demonstration of universal time-reversal for qubit processes" (arxiv:2205.01122) <strong>Optica Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp. 200-205 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.469109</strong>
High-power blue emission by frequency doubling of a diode end-pumped Nd:YAG laser through a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ ridge-type waveguide (2003)

Continuous-wave power in excess of 140 mW at 473 nm is obtained by frequency doubling of a diode end-pumped Nd:YAG laser using a periodically polled MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ ridge-type waveguide.
Preferred concentration enhancement of photobleachable defects responsible for 5 eV optical absorption band in SiO2:GeO2 glass preform by heating in a H2 atmosphere (1993)

Heat treatment of a 5GeO2-95SiO2 glass preform in a H2 atmosphere at 500 °C for 70 h increased intensities of an absorption band centered at 5 eV by a factor of ∼3. Intensities of photobleachable component, which is the precursor of UV-induced Ge E′ centers and assigned to a neutral oxygen monovacancy, of the 5-eV band were enhanced by a factor of ∼8 by heating. This increment is ∼3 times as large as that of UV-unbleachable component, which is assigned to Ge2+ centers coordinated by two oxygens (neutral oxygen divacancy).
MIMO Networks With One-Bit ADCs: Receiver Design and Communication Strategies (2021)

High resolution analog to digital converters (ADCs) are conventionally used at the receiver terminals to store an accurate digital representation of the received signal, thereby allowing for reliable decoding of transmitted messages. However, in a wide range of applications, such as communication over millimeter wave and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the use of high resolution ADCs is not feasible due to power budget limitations. In the conventional fully digital receiver design, where each receiver antenna is connected to a distinct ADC, reducing the ADC resolution leads to performance loss in terms of achievable rates. One proposed method to mitigate the rate-loss is to use analog linear combiners leading to design of hybrid receivers. Here, the hybrid framework is augmented by the addition of delay elements to allow for temporal analog processing. Two new classes of receivers consisting of delay elements, analog linear combiners, and one-bit ADCs are proposed. The fundamental limits of communication in single and multi-user (uplink and downlink) MIMO systems employing the proposed receivers are investigated. In the high signal to noise ratio regime, it is shown that the proposed receivers achieve the maximum achievable rates among all receivers with the same number of one-bit ADCs.
SVD beamforming for ultrafast aberration correction and real-time speed-of-sound quantification (2020)

The rise of plane or diverging ultrasound waves allowed to perform high quality imaging at much faster frame rates. Though, propagation through complex layers induces phase and amplitude aberrations that remain partially unresolved. In ultrafast ultrasound imaging, the backscattered signals contain information on the whole medium, for each transmission. We proposed an approach to take benefit of this and provide a fast aberration correction. Based on the Singular Value Decomposition of an appropriate matrix (the ultrafast compound matrix), this technique separates the spatial and angular variation. We demonstrate that the first eigen vector optimizes the angular coherence of backscattered signals. Thus, it provides the knowledge of the amplitude and phase of the aberration on one side, and the corrected image on the other side. Experimental in vivo results prove the efficiency of the image correction, even in the case of spatially extended aberrations. Thanks to the knowledge of the aberration phase, we proposed a real-time estimation of the speed of sound within the region of interest. We implemented this further to build local in vitro sound speed maps. The speed and simplicity of this novel approach paves the way to unprecedented quantitative and adaptive ultrafast ultrasound applications.
3D-Printed Topology-Optimized Metaoptics (2020)

We here propose a novel computational method to design 3d-printable, large area, high-numerical-aperture, multifunctional metasurfaces. Our method enables the design of densely-packed multilayer metasurfaces. We experimentally demonstrate our design capability on a single-layer proof-of-concept metalen
Abstract 1546: Combined direct intratumoral adenoviral delivery and production of Rheoswitch®-regulated IL-12 and IFNα enhances antitumor activity in lung and breast cancer models (2012)

Abstract Current cancer immunotherapies have provided limited success in the clinic and innovative strategies are required to further enhance the effectiveness of an anti-tumor immune response.This study assessed anti-tumor activity utilizing intratumoral (i.t.) administration of adenovirus (Ad) with the novel Rheoswitch Therapeutic System®(RTS®), an inducible promoter system, for regulated expression of murine IL-12 or IFNα. Oral administration of a small molecule activator ligand (AL), INXN-1001, regulates the expression of IL-12 in Ad-RTS-mIL-12 and IFNα in Ad-RTS-mIFNα. The regulated expression and therapeutic benefit of IL-12 and IFNα from i.t. administered Ad-RTS-mIL-12 and Ad-RTS-mIFNα, either alone or in combination, was examined in syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and syngeneic mammary carcinoma (4T1) models. In the LLC model, daily treatment with oral AL alone (administered in feed at 1000 ppm, representing a daily dose of ∼225 mg/kg/day) or i.t. cytokine gene therapy in the absence of AL did not result in significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to control, untreated tumors. In contrast, i.t. injection with 1010 vp Ad-RTS-mIL-12 or Ad-RTS-mIFNα and daily oral AL led to significant tumor growth inhibition by day 25 (72 and 71%, respectively; p&amp;lt;0.05). Notably, combined treatment of the LLC tumors with Ad-RTS-mIL-12 and Ad-RTS-mIFNα with oral AL resulted in significant anti-tumor effect compared to either treatment alone (97% growth inhibition; p&amp;lt;0.05) without overt toxicity as assessed by no change in body weight. In the 4T1 model, i.t. treatment with 1010 vp of Ad-RTS-mIL-12 plus AL or Ad-RTS-mIFNα plus AL led to 58 and 53% inhibition of tumor growth compared to control untreated tumors by day 34 (p&amp;lt;0.05). Notably, concomitant treatment with both Ad-RTS-mIL-12 plus AL and Ad-RTS-mIFNα plus AL resulted in enhanced anti-tumor activity with 80% growth inhibition. These data indicate that the combined treatment strategy using RTS-regulated IL-12 and IFNα in Ad vectors concomitant with AL induces effective therapeutic activity against aggressive murine tumors. Future studies will investigate the mechanism by which both IL-12 and IFNα exert their anti-tumor effect in the above tumor models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1546. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1546
Tunneling phenomena in three‐dimensional double‐well potentials (1973)

Abstract The tunneling of a hydrogen atom through the barrier of a three‐dimensional double‐well potential is considered. From the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation, expressions are derived for the ensemble‐averaged probability density and for the probability that the hydrogen atom is in the reactant region, in the barrier region, or in the product region. It is found that when thermal vibrations are not taken into account, the ensemble‐averaged probability density may oscillate with time about its equilibrium value. When thermal vibrations are included, the oscillations become damped and the probability density approaches equilibrium. The tunneling rate is found to decrease considerably for increasing barrier thickness and barrier height.
Dual Effects of Adp and Adenylylimidodiphosphate on Cftr Channel Kinetics Show Binding to Two Different Nucleotide Binding Sites (1999)

The CFTR chloride channel is regulated by phosphorylation by protein kinases, especially PKA, and by nucleotides interacting with the two nucleotide binding domains, NBD-A and NBD-B. Giant excised inside-out membrane patches from Xenopus oocytes expressing human epithelial cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) were tested for their chloride conductance in response to the application of PKA and nucleotides. Rapid changes in the concentration of ATP, its nonhydrolyzable analogue adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), its photolabile derivative ATP-P3-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]ester, or ADP led to changes in chloride conductance with characteristic time constants, which reflected interaction of CFTR with these nucleotides. The conductance changes of strongly phosphorylated channels were slower than those of partially phosphorylated CFTR. AMP-PNP decelerated relaxations of conductance increase and decay, whereas ATP-P3-[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]ester only decelerated the conductance increase upon ATP addition. ADP decelerated the conductance increase upon ATP addition and accelerated the conductance decay upon ATP withdrawal. The results present the first direct evidence that AMP-PNP binds to two sites on the CFTR. The effects of ADP also suggest two different binding sites because of the two different modes of inhibition observed: it competes with ATP for binding (to NBD-A) on the closed channel, but it also binds to channels opened by ATP, which might either reflect binding to NBD-A (i.e., product inhibition in the hydrolysis cycle) or allosteric binding to NBD-B, which accelerates the hydrolysis cycle at NBD-A.
Stereoselective Syntheses of l-Pipecolic Acid and (2S,3S)-3-Hydroxypipecolic Acid from a Chiral N-Imino-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine Intermediate (2010)

Stereoselective syntheses of L-pipecolic acid and (2S,3S)-3-hydroxypipecolic acid were achieved from a chiral N-imino-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridine intermediate. The 3-hydroxy substituent of the latter amino acid was introduced by hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of singlet oxygen with the 1,2-dihydropyridine.
Uses Of X-Ray Contrast Media (2018)

The mechanisms of action of X-ray CM range from purely mechanical filling of certain cavities to opacification in a functional manner.
The effect of hot-pressing temperature on the tensile strength of B4C coated boron fiber reinforced Al composites. (1987)

For the purpose of investigating the effect of interfacial bonding between a fiber and a matrix on the tensile strength of FRM, several B4C coated boron fiber reinforced Al composites were prepared by controlling the hot-pressing temperature. The tensile-test showed that the composites prepared at 550°C exihibited a higher strength than the composites prepared at 500°C and 600°C. The fracture surfaces were changed from a rugged face like a bundle break to a flat face with an increase in the temperature. It was seen from SEM that the interfacial bonding became stronger. So, the transition in the composites' strength was considered as follows ; As the hot-pressing temperature rises, the critical fiber length, a factor determining a fiber's strength in a matrix, becomes gradually shorter, but the stress concentration factor to the adjacent fibers caused by a fiber fracture also becomes larger. Therefore, the higher strength of the composites results in the case that these two factors are properly overlapped. Such a transition of the composites' strength was additionally supported by Batdorf's theory.
Correction: The composition dependent structure and catalytic activity of nanostructured Cu–Ni bimetallic oxides (2022)

Correction for ‘The composition dependent structure and catalytic activity of nanostructured Cu–Ni bimetallic oxides’ by S. Vivek et al. , New J. Chem. , 2020, 44 , 9691–9698, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ01753A.
Base-Controlled Heck, Suzuki, and Sonogashira Reactions Catalyzed by Ligand-Free Platinum or Palladium Single Atom and Sub-Nanometer Clusters (2019)

The assumption that oxidative addition is the key step during the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides has led to the development of a plethora of increasingly complex metal catalysts, thereby obviating in many cases the exact influence of the base, which is a simple, inexpensive, and necessary reagent for this paramount transformation. Here, a combined experimental and computational study shows that the oxidative addition is not the single kinetically relevant step in different cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by sub-nanometer Pt or Pd species, since the reactivity control is shifted toward subtle changes in the base. The exposed metal atoms in the cluster cooperate to enable an extremely easy oxidative addition of the aryl halide, even chlorides, and allow the base to bifurcate the coupling. With sub-nanometer Pd species, amines drive to the Heck reaction, carbonate drives to the Sonogahira reaction, and phosphate drives to the Suzuki reaction, while for Pt clusters and single atoms, good conversion is only achieved using acetate as a base. This base-controlled orthogonal reactivity with ligand-free catalysts opens new avenues in the design of cross-coupling reactions in organic synthesis.
Antimicrobial Packaging Materials from Poly(Lactic Acid) Incorporated with Pectin-Nisaplin® Microparticles (2009)

The thermostability of nisin and Nisaplin® was investigated in the presence and absence of pectin. By mixing with pectin, both nisin and Nisaplin® were able to inhibit microbial growth, even after heating to 433 K. In contrast, without pectin, the nisin was totally inactivated after heat treatment. Nisin and pectin in solution were complexed, as shown by atomic force microscopic analysis. Probably, the complex formation between the polysaccharide and the polypeptide improves the nisin thermostability; however, a detailed mechanism remains to be resolved. Thin membranes were prepared by co-extrusion of poly(lactic acid) and microparticles of pectin-Nisaplin®. Despite the high extrusion temperatures, the presence of pectin protected the biological activity of nisin and the resultant membranes were antimicrobial and could be used as an inner layer of multi-layer packaging materials for active packaging.