gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibiotikabehandling i sykehus, peroral versus intravenøs behandling (2010)

NORSK: Bakgrunn: Denne rapporten adresserer problemstillingen:&#13;\nEr det forskjell i effekt mellom peroral og intravenøs antibiotikabehandling av infeksjonssykdommer hos store og viktige pasientgrupper. Rapporten besvarer ikke spørsmålet om når (hvor tidlig) det kan skiftes fra intravenøs til peroral behandling.&#13;\n&#13;\nMetode: Vi baserte kunnskapsoppsummeringen på et litteratursøk etter systematiske oversikter i relevante bibliografiske databaser. For sykdommene lungebetennelse og urinveisinfeksjoner søkte vi også etter randomiserte kontrollerte studier. Vi sammenfattet og vurderte den samlede dokumentasjonen fra studier som oppfylte de forhåndsdefinerte inklusjonskriteriene. Vi oppsummerte resultater for seks hovedendepunkt: Totaldødelighet, helbredelsesrate, mislykket behandling, reinnleggelser, liggetid og alvorlige bivirkninger.&#13;\n&#13;\nResultater: Vi inkluderte seks systematiske oversikter som har vurdert effekten av peroral versus intravenøs administrasjon av antibiotika for sykdommene lungebetennelse, urinveisinfeksjon, osteomyelitt, spontan bakteriell peritonitt og febril neutropeni hos kreftpasienter. I tillegg inkluderte vi 10 randomiserte kontrollerte studier. For de ulike endepunktene finner vi stort sett ikke signifikante forskjeller mellom peroral og intravenøs administrasjon av antibiotika. Kvaliteten på denne dokumentasjonen er lav og estimatene er dermed usikre. &#13;\n&#13;\nKonklusjon: Dokumentasjonen gir ikke grunnlag for å avgjøre om det er forskjell i effekt og sikkerhet for peroral versus intravenøs administrasjon av antibiotika. Dette betyr ikke at det ikke er forskjeller i administrasjonsmåte, men at resultatene er for usikre til at vi kan trekke konklusjoner om dette.
Strong, Nonresonant Radiation Enhances Cis–Trans Photoisomerization of Stilbene in Solution (2020)

Previously, it has been demonstrated that external electric fields may be used to exert control over chemical reactivity. In this study, the impact of a strong, nonresonant IR field (1064 nm) on the photoisomerization of <i>cis-</i>stilbene is investigated in cyclohexane solution. The design of a suitable reaction vessel for characterization of this effect is presented. The electric field supplied by the pulsed, near-IR radiation (ε<sub>l</sub> = 4.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> V/cm) enhances the <i>cis</i> → <i>trans</i> photoisomerization yield at the red edge of the absorption spectrum (wavelengths between 337 and 340 nm). Within the microliter focal volume, up to 75% of all <i>cis-</i>stilbene molecules undergo isomerization to <i>trans-</i>stilbene in the strong electric-field environment, indicating a significant increase relative to the 35% yield of <i>trans-</i>stilbene under field-free conditions. This result correlates with a 1-3% enhancement in the <i>trans-</i>stilbene concentration throughout the bulk solution. Theoretical analysis suggests that the observed change is the result of dynamic Stark shifting of the ground and first excited states, leading to a significant redshift in <i>cis</i>-stilbene's absorption spectrum. The predicted increase in the absorption cross section in this range of excitation wavelengths is qualitatively consistent with the experimental increase in <i>trans</i>-stilbene production.
G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Human Fat Taste Perception (2011)

In contrast to carbohydrates and proteins, which are detected by specialized taste receptors in the forms of their respective building blocks, sugars, and L-amino acids, the third macronutrient, lipids, has until now not been associated with gustatory receptors. Instead, the recognition of fat stimuli was believed to rely mostly on textural, olfactory, and postingestive cues. During the recent years, however, research done mainly in rodent models revealed an additional gustatory component for the detection of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), the main taste-activating component of lipids. Concomitantly, a number of candidate fat taste receptors were proposed to be involved in rodent's gustatory fatty acid perception. Compared with rodent models, much less is known about human fat taste. In order to investigate the ability of the human gustatory system to respond to fat components, we performed sensory experiments with fatty acids of different chain lengths and derivatives thereof. We found that our panelists discriminated a "fatty" and an irritant "scratchy" taste component, with the "fatty" percept restricted to LCFAs. Using functional calcium-imaging experiments with the human orthologs of mouse candidate fat receptors belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor family, we correlated human sensory data with receptor properties characterized in vitro. We demonstrated that the pharmacological activation profile of human GPR40 and GPR120, 2 LCFA-specific receptors associated with gustatory fat perception in rodents, is inconsistent with the "scratchy" sensation of human subjects and more consistent with the percept described as "fatty." Expression analysis of GPR40 and GPR120 in human gustatory tissues revealed that, while the GPR40 gene is not expressed, GPR120 is detected in gustatory and nongustatory epithelia. On a cellular level, we found GPR120 mRNA and protein in taste buds as well as in the surrounding epithelial cells. We conclude that GPR120 may indeed participate in human gustatory fatty acid perception.
Investigations on Random Access Channel Structure in Evolved UTRA Uplink (2006)

This paper presents the optimum random access channel (RACH) structure in terms of the number of control signaling bits accommodated and the transmission bandwidth based on the link budget in order to satisfy the coverage requirement for the single-carrier (SC)-FDMA based E-UTRA uplink. First, we propose grouping of the RACH purposes to reduce the number of control signaling bits to be conveyed by the RACH. By employing the proposed purpose-grouping scheme, only a four-bit random ID and a two-bit purpose grouping index for the non-synchronized RACH are required. Simulation evaluations including a system-level simulation show that the non-synchronized RACH comprising a 0.5-msec preamble signature sequence can convey the aforementioned 6-bit control signal at the cell edge when the inter-site distance (ISD) is 500 m under full channel load conditions with one-cell frequency reuse. It is also shown, however, that a RACH longer than one-sub-frame, e.g., 1.0 msec, is necessary to support the ISD of 1732 m assuming the same conditions. We also show that although there is no distinct difference in the transmission bandwidth from 1.25 to 5 MHz from the viewpoint of the misdetection probability, a 1.25-MHz transmission bandwidth for the RACH is suitable from the viewpoints of flexible resource assignment in the time domain and small number of option in the transmission bandwidth.
Rotation sensitivity analysis of a two-dimensional array of coupled resonators (2015)

In this paper, we study the rotation sensitivity of a gyroscope made of a two-dimensional array of coupled resonators consisting of N columns of one-dimensional coupled resonant optical waveguides (CROWs) connected by two bus waveguides, each CROW consisting of M identical ring resonators. We show that the maximum rotation sensitivity of this structure is a strong function of the parity of the number of rows M. For an odd number of rows, and when the number of columns is small, the maximum sensitivity is high, and it is slightly lower than the maximum sensitivity of a single-ring resonator with two input/output waveguides (the case M = N = 1), which is a resonant waveguide optical gyroscope (RWOG). For an even M and small N, the maximum sensitivity is much lower than that of the RWOG. Increasing the number columns N increases the sensitivity of an even-row 2D CROW sublinearly, as N<sup>0.39</sup>, up to 30 columns. In comparison, the maximum sensitivity of an RWOG of equal area increases faster, as √N. The sensitivity of the 2D CROW therefore always lags behind that of the RWOG. For a 2×2 CROW, if the spacing between the columns L is increased sufficiently the maximum sensitivity increases linearly with L due to the presence of a composite Mach- Zehnder interferometer in the structure. However, for equal footprints this sensitivity is also not larger than that of a single-ring resonator. Regardless of the number of rows and columns and the spacing, for the same footprint and propagation loss, a 2D CROW gyroscope is not more sensitive than an RWOG.
Nanoparticle Superlattices through Template-Encoded DNA Dendrimers (2021)

The chemical interactions that lead to the emergence of hierarchical structures are often highly complex and difficult to program. Herein, the synthesis of a series of superlattices based upon 30 different structurally reconfigurable DNA dendrimers is reported, each of which presents a well-defined number of single-stranded oligonucleotides (i.e., sticky ends) on its surface. Such building blocks assemble with complementary DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to yield five distinct crystal structures, depending upon choice of dendrimer and defined by phase symmetry. These DNA dendrimers can associate to form micelle-dendrimers, whereby the extent of association can be modulated based upon surfactant concentration and dendrimer length to produce a low-symmetry Ti<sub>5</sub>Ga<sub>4</sub>-type phase that has yet to be reported in the field of colloidal crystal engineering. Taken together, colloidal crystals that feature three different types of particle bonding interactions-template-dendron, dendrimer-dendrimer, and DNA-modified AuNP-dendrimer-are reported, illustrating how sequence-defined recognition and dynamic association can be combined to yield complex hierarchical materials.
Quantum conductance and switching kinetics of AgI-based microcrossbar cells (2012)

Microcrossbar structured electrochemical metallization (ECM) cells based on silver iodide (AgI) solid electrolyte were fabricated and analyzed in terms of the resistive switching effect. The switching behavior implies the existence of quantized conductance higher than 78 µS which can be identified as a multiple of the single atomic point contact conductivity. The nonlinearity of the switching kinetics has been analyzed in detail. Fast switching in at least 50 ns was observed for short pulse measurements.
Surface antigens of melanoma and melanocytes. Specificity of induction of Ia antigens by human gamma-interferon. (1984)

IFN-gamma is known to induce expression of Ia antigens on a variety of cell types. In the present study, this activity of IFN-gamma has been analyzed with a panel of 36 melanoma cell lines, normal melanocytes, and 97 cell lines representing a range of other differentiation lineages. 55% of the melanoma cell lines express Ia antigens in a constitutive manner without IFN-gamma induction. Of the 16 Ia-melanoma lines, 13 could be induced to express Ia antigens by IFN-gamma, whereas three were noninducible. Melanocytes, which do not normally express Ia antigens, are converted to Ia expression by IFN-gamma. Ia antigens expressed constitutively or after IFN-gamma induction were identified with antibodies detecting monomorphic and allomorphic products of DR and DC loci. IFN-gamma appeared to be unique in its ability to induce Ia expression on melanoma and melanocytes; 14 other agents (including IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) known to influence growth or differentiation did not have Ia-inducing activity. Equally striking is the restriction of antigenic changes following IFN-gamma induction to HLA-associated products; of the 38 systems of cell surface antigens examined, only HLA-A,B,C, beta 2m, and Ia antigens were affected. A variety of other Ia- cell types were shown to be Ia-inducible by IFN-gamma; these included established lines of breast, colon, pancreas, bladder, kidney, ovary, and brain cancers, and cultures of normal fibroblasts, kidney epithelia, and epidermal keratinocytes. In contrast, three tumor types, teratocarcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and neuroblastoma, were not inducible for Ia expression, even though IFN-gamma could induce expression of HLA-A,B,C products. The broad representation of Ia antigens on most somatic cell types expressed either constitutively or after IFN-gamma can be viewed in an immunological context (antigen presentation/immune regulatory signals) or could indicate that Ia products have functions other than those related to immune reactions.
Abstract 17214: Differential Relationships Between Serum Cholesterol Efflux Capacities Measured From Three Cell Models and Coronary Artery Disease Status in the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank (2015)

Recent clinical trials and Mendelian randomization studies suggest that raising HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration by itself is insufficient to lower cardiovascular (CV) risk, despite the established inverse relationship between HDL-C and cardiovascular risk. CV protection may derive from other characteristics of HDL. Such characteristics include the cholesterol efflux capacity of serum, the process by which HDL particles accept cholesterol from macrophages and other cell types. Recently, higher cholesterol efflux capacity was inversely associated with incident CV events over a &gt;9 year period of follow-up, with a 67% risk reduction in the highest quartile of efflux. In our study, cholesterol efflux capacity was measured for 2000 patients from the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank as the ratio of pooled control serum. When comparing unadjusted cholesterol efflux values between 1000 controls and 1000 cases with previous myocardial infarction (MI), we observed significant decreases of efflux capacity in cases with J774 macrophages in basal and cAMP-stimulated conditions, with human HepG2 hepatocytes and with BHK cells expressing human ABCA1. In regression models of MI status against efflux variables, also adjusted for age, sex, HDL-C, triglycerides and statin use, the reduction in cholesterol efflux capacity in cases vs. controls remained highly significant for J774 cells in basal (p value = 5.8x10-11) and cAMP-stimulated conditions (p = 5.3x10-8), while the difference was lost with HepG2 cells (p=0.16) and was reversed for ABCA1-dependent efflux using BHK-ABCA1 cells (p=5.9x10-4). Thus, the relationship of cholesterol efflux capacity of serum HDL and cardiovascular status is heterogeneous, which suggest that the repertoire of cholesterol transporters expressed in cells and samples characteristics, such as the HDL proteome and lipidome, interact in a unique manner for each cell type. Future work will consist in identifying sources of such differences at the molecular level.
Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity is a major determinant of renal sympathetic discharge in conscious Wistar rats (2017)

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine regulation. Application of nitric oxide donors to the PVN stimulates GABAergic transmission, and may suppress sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) to lower arterial pressure. However, the role of endogenous nitric oxide within the PVN in regulating renal SNA chronically remains to be established in conscious animals. To address this, we used our previously established lentiviral vectors to knock down neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) selectively in the PVN of conscious Wistar rats. Blood pressure and renal SNA were monitored simultaneously and continuously for 21 days (n = 14) using radio-telemetry. Renal SNA was normalized to maximal evoked discharge and expressed as a percentage change from baseline. The PVN was microinjected bilaterally with a neurone-specific tetracycline-controllable lentiviral vector, expressing a short hairpin miRNA30 interference system targeting nNOS (n = 7) or expressing a mis-sense as control (n = 7). Recordings continued for a further 18 days. The vectors also expressed green fluorescent protein, and successful expression in the PVN and nNOS knockdown were confirmed histologically post hoc. Knockdown of nNOS expression in the PVN resulted in a sustained increase in blood pressure (from 95 ± 2 to 104 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.05), with robust concurrent sustained activation of renal SNA (>70%, P < 0.05). The study reveals a major role for nNOS-derived nitric oxide within the PVN in chronic set-point regulation of cardiovascular autonomic activity in the conscious, normotensive rat.
Cell‐type‐specific recognition of allogeneic cells by alloreactive cytotoxic T cells: A consequence of peptide‐dependent allorecognition (1991)

Recently, we provided the first direct evidence that the determinant recognized by some alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) clones included an endogenous peptide antigen(s), which could be derived by cyanogen bromide cleavage of cytoplasmic proteins. The studies outlined in this report provide three important findings which confirm and extend our previous results. First, the description of peptide-dependent Kb-specific alloreactive CTL clones is now extended to clones isolated from several responders primed with allogeneic EL4 tumor cells. This indicates that the previously reported results were not unique to the original EL4-primed responder. Second, we establish that peptide-dependent Kb-specific alloreactive CTL clones can be identified after priming with normal allogeneic spleen cells. Thus, induction of peptide-dependent CTL clones is not a unique property of EL4 tumor cells. These results suggest that peptide plays an important role in formation of the allogeneic determinants recognized during graft rejection. Third, these studies reveal that a number of alloreactive CTL clones exhibit cell-type-specific recognition of allogeneic murine target cells. This is consistent with the possibility that some CTL clones recognize peptide antigens that are limited in their tissue distribution. The mechanisms and implications of these findings are discussed.
Portable Handheld Optical Window Inspection Device (2010)

The Portable Handheld Optical Window Inspection Device (PHOWID) is a measurement system for imaging small defects (scratches, pits, micrometeor impacts, and the like) in the field. Designed primarily for window inspection, PHOWID attaches to a smooth surface with suction cups, and raster scans a small area with an optical pen in order to provide a three-dimensional image of the defect. PHOWID consists of a graphical user interface, motor control subsystem, scanning head, and interface electronics, as well as an integrated camera and user display that allows a user to locate minute defects before scanning. Noise levels are on the order of 60 in. (1.5 m). PHOWID allows field measurement of defects that are usually done in the lab. It is small, light, and attaches directly to the test article in any orientation up to vertical. An operator can scan a defect and get useful engineering data in a matter of minutes. There is no need to make a mold impression for later lab analysis.
Gene Therapy for Neurological Diseases (2003)

脳変性疾患,脳腫瘍,脳血管障害では,既存の治療法には限界があり,遺伝子治療は新しい治療法の一つの選択肢として期待されている.すでに脳腫瘍,Canavan病,amyotrophic lateral sclerosisなどでclinical trialが施行され,一定の効果は認められているが,ベクターによる免疫反応,細胞毒性など,安全性の面でクリアすべき問題も多い.しかし,以前に比較してより効率的で安全なベクターの開発も進んでおり,今後,Parkinson病やAlzheimer病,脳血管障害においてもその応用が期待される.
Absence of pathogenic viruses in COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (2022)

There was no evidence of pathogenic viruses, whether newly acquired or reactivated, in CCP despite the presence of non-pathogenic Anelloviridae. These results confirm the growing safety data supporting CCP.
Efficient synthesis of novel disubstituted pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines for the design of protein kinase inhibitors (2015)

Urea and aniline derivatives were active at low micromomolar IC<sub>50</sub> values against a panel of seven cancer-related protein kinases.
The Los Alamos Trapped Ion Quantum Computer Experiment (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Principles of Quantum Computation 3 Quantum Factoring 4 Quantum Computer Technologies 5 Theory of Quantum Computation with Ions in an Linear Trap 5.1 Phonon Modes 5.2 Laser-ion Interactions 5.2.1 “V” Type Operations: Single Qubit Interactions 5.2.2 “U” Type Operations: Interactions with the Quantum Bus Channel 5.3 Readout 5.4 Tolerances and Laser Requirements 5.4.1 Puls Durations and Standing Waves 5.4.2 Laser Power Requirements 5.4.3 Error Rates and Fault Tolerant Quantum Computing 6 Experimental Considerations 6.1 Choice of Ion 6.2 The Radio Frequency Ion trap 6.2.1 Radial Confinement 6.2.2 Axial Confinement 6.2.3 Thermalization of trapped Ions and Noise Driven Decoherence 6.3 Laser Systems 6.4 Quibit Addressing Optics 6.5 Imaging System 7 Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgements References
A 5-year-old with pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma (2015)

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Laboratory assessment of rivaroxaban: a review (2013)

Research into new anticoagulants for preventing and treating thromboembolic disorders has focused on targeting single enzymes in the coagulation cascade, particularly Factor Xa and thrombin, inhibition of which greatly decreases thrombin generation. Based on the results of phase III clinical trials, rivaroxaban, a direct Factor Xa inhibitor, has been approved in many countries for the management of several thromboembolic disorders. Owing to its predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, fixed-dose regimens are used without the need for routine coagulation monitoring. In situations where assessment of rivaroxaban exposure may be helpful, anti-Factor Xa chromogenic assays (in tandem with standard calibration curves generated with the use of rivaroxaban calibrators and controls) could be used. It is important to note that test results will be affected by the timing of blood sampling after rivaroxaban intake. In addition, the anti-Factor Xa method measures the drug concentration and not the intensity of the drug's anticoagulant activity, and a higher than expected rivaroxaban plasma level does not necessarily indicate an increased risk of bleeding complications. Therefore, clinicians need to consider test results in relation to the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban and other patient risk factors associated with bleeding.
Efficient method to validate high reliability of 5G URLLC (2021)

Supervising quality of service will become increasingly important as critical applications switch to use wireless communication services such as 5G URLLC. This is also crucial for automation of ports, with focus here on automated handling of containers in ports, enabling efficient and safe marine logistics. In order to move from fixed connections to wireless, high quality performance testing methods are needed. We present a framework of passive QoS measurements and a measurement setup to measure delay and loss. We estimate the empirical probability of the largest sample percentile (fractile, quantile) of the observed delays that is below the limit due to the QoS requirement. The estimation is done online, bringing clear benefit as there is no need to save the data. The method is very fast and efficient, allowing parallel measurements. We introduce an online statistic which is a measure of the current delay performance related to the QoS criterion. The packet loss information is embedded to the statistic. The proposed method can be used for quality control of high reliability wireless control signals for other airborne and maritime systems or other verticals as well.