gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of new thin-film scintillators for high-resolution radioluminescence microscopy (2015)

601 Objectives Radioluminescence microscopy (RLM), a recently introduced method for imaging radiotracers with single-cell resolution, has been demonstrated to work well in cultures with sparse cell distributions. A key limitation to performance is the scintillator that converts the beta particles to optical light photons. The objective of this work is to develop an improved imaging system that utilizes a new thin-film Lu2O3:Eu scintillator that provides significantly improved spatial resolution, making it possible to localize radionuclide molecules within single cells even when cells are part of more confluent cell cultures and tissue sections. Methods The RLM instrument measures the radiotracer uptake in live cells by placing a thin scintillator near the sample. Here we are exploring a new scintillator, Lu2O3:Eu, which has improved material properties that translate to significantly improved performance. We fabricated transparent Lu2O3:Eu scintillator screens by means of electron beam physical vapor deposition technique (EBPVD). The Lu2O3:Eu scintillator films measured about 10 µm in thickness, which dramatically improves spatial resolution since only the beginning of the positron track is captured. Results To evaluate this new technology, murine breast cancer cells (4T1) were grown on a thin-film scintillator coated with fibronectin. The cells were incubated with FDG (250 Ci/mL, 30 min) and then imaged using RLM. The light output of Lu2O3:Eu is high enough for single positron decays to be detected and localized using a sensitive microscope. The resulting reconstructed images demonstrated significantly improved spatial resolution compared to images acquired using a 500 µm thick CdWO4 scintillator. Conclusions These results clearly indicate that RLM is a powerful method that can be used for a variety of multi-modal imaging applications. Using thin-film scintillators can significantly improve spatial resolution and lower background in RLM, making single-cell analyses more robust. Research Support NIH 1R01CA186275-01, and NIH 1R43GM110888-01
Ising-like transition and phason unlocking in icosahedral quasicrystals (1994)

Using Monte Carlo computer simulations, we find strong evidence for a novel, finite-temperature, Ising-like transition in the alignment of unit cells in icosahedral quasicrystals. The Ising-like transition may be related to the transition in phason behavior from a locked (Penrose-tiling-like) phase at low temperatures to an unlocked (random-tiling-like) phase at high temperatures.
Contribution of Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptors to Amygdala Activity in Human (2010)

Several animal studies have demonstrated functional roles of dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors in amygdala activity. However, the contribution of DA D1 and D2 receptors to amygdala response induced by affective stimuli in human is unknown. To investigate the contribution of DA receptor subtypes to amygdala reactivity in human, we conducted a multimodal in vivo neuroimaging study in which DA D1 and D2 receptor bindings in the amygdala were measured with positron emission tomography (PET), and amygdala response induced by fearful faces was assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy volunteers. We used multimodality voxelwise correlation analysis between fMRI signal and DA receptor binding measured by PET. DA D1 binding in the amygdala was positively correlated with amygdala signal change in response to fearful faces, but DA D2 binding in the amygdala was not related to amygdala signal change. DA D1 receptors might play a major role in enhancing amygdala response when sensory inputs are affective.
Sintering of CdO Under Low Applied Stress (1984)

A loading dilatometer of novel design was used to study the sintering behavior of CdO powder compacts subjected to stresses between 0 and 0.25 MPa at 973 to 1123 K. Densification and creep occur simultaneously. Although both the volumetric densifcation rate and the uniaxial creep rate show an approximately inverse relation with time, the creep rate increases with stress, whereas the densification rate is independent of stress.
Abstract 14015: Extracellular Vesicle-Associated microRNAs From the Plasma of HIV-Positive Individuals Enhance Atherosclerosis Burden (2021)

Introduction: People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compared to HIV negative (HIV - ) individuals. The molecular mechanisms underlying the increased CVD risk remain elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication through cargo transfer, including microRNAs (EV-miRs). Hypothesis: HIV infection results in modification of plasma EVs cargo and these HIV positive EVs (HIV posEVs ), specifically EV-miRs, recapitulate the effects of HIV infection on CVD development. Methods: Atherosclerosis burden was assessed by carotid ultrasound in 74 PLHIV treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) with viral loads &lt;50 c/ml and 23 HIV - subjects. Circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels were measured by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. PLHIV plasma was fractionated into plasma EVs (HIV posEVs ) and plasma-depleted of EVs (HIV plasmadepEVs ). These fractions, EVs from HIV - subjects (HIV negEVs ) and PBS were injected weekly into apoE -/- mice via tail vein for three months. Atherosclerosis burden (H&amp;E and Oil Red O staining), bone marrow (BM) EPC senescence (β-galactosidase staining), proliferation (MTT assay) and migration (“scratch” assay) were examined. RNASeq was used to identify EV-miRs that mediated the effects of HIV posEVs . Tailored EVs (TEVs) loaded with antagomirs for top EV-miRs were generated to determine their capacity to reverse the adverse effects of HIV posEVs in mouse EPCs in vitro . Results: PLHIV had higher atherosclerosis burden and lower circulating EPC numbers. Mice treated with HIV posEVs showed increased atherosclerotic burden, higher BM EPC senescence and lower functionality. HIV posEVs also negatively affected mouse BM EPC senescence in vitro . RNAseq identified four top candidate EV-miRs upregulated in HIV posEVs : let-7b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-423-5p, and miR-103a-2. TEVs loaded with the antagomirs for let-7b and miR103a-2 counteracted the effects of HIV posEVs on the accelerated senescence of mouse BM EPCs. Conclusion: 1) Plasma EVs from PLHIV reconstitute the effects of HIV infection on accelerated atherosclerosis via negatively affects EPC functionality; and 2) TEVs, targeting candidate EV-miRs counteracts the effects of HIV infection on EPCs.
TSC1 involvement in bladder cancer: diverse effects and therapeutic implications (2013)

TSC1 is often mutated in bladder cancer. However the importance of this event in disease pathogenesis and its implications for therapy are uncertain. We used genomic sequencing to examine the involvement of TSC1 in bladder cancer, and signalling pathway analysis and small-molecule screening to identify targeted therapeutic strategies in TSC1 mutant bladder cancer cell lines. TSC1 loss of heterozygosity was seen in 54% of bladder cancers. Two (4.9%) of these 41 bladder cancers had TSC1 mutations by exon-based sequencing. Analysis of 27 bladder cancer cell lines demonstrated inactivating TSC1 mutations in three: RT-4, HCV29, 97-1. Interestingly, only RT-4 showed classic feedback inhibition of AKT, and was highly sensitive to treatment with mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and Torin1. 97-1 cells showed constitutive EGFR activation, and were highly sensitive to combined treatment with the mTOR inhibitor Torin1 and EGFR inhibitors Lapatinib or Afatinib. A BRAF missense mutation G469V was found in HCV29 cells, and AKT activation was dependent on BRAF, but independent of ERK. A kinase inhibitor screen of HCV29 cells showed strong growth inhibition by the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922, and we then found synergistic inhibitory effects of NVP-AUY922 combined with either Torin1 or rapamycin on cell survival for both HCV29 and 97-1 cells. In aggregate, these findings indicate that there are highly variable mutation profiles and signalling pathway activation in TSC1-mutant bladder cancer. Furthermore, combined Hsp90/mTOR inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach for TSC1 mutant bladder cancer.
Learning from Ontology Streams with Semantic Concept Drift (2017)

Data stream learning has been largely studied for extracting knowledge structures from continuous and rapid data records. In the semantic Web, data is interpreted in ontologies and its ordered sequence is represented as an ontology stream. Our work exploits the semantics of such streams to tackle the problem of concept drift i.e., unexpected changes in data distribution, causing most of models to be less accurate as time passes. To this end we revisited (i) semantic inference in the context of supervised stream learning, and (ii) models with semantic embeddings. The experiments show accurate prediction with data from Dublin and Beijing.
Preparation of multilayered nanowires with well-defined segments of constant lengths in ion track etched polymer templates (2011)

The enormous progress of synthesis and characterization of magnetic materials facilitated an immense increase in storage density and enabled a gigantic boom within the computer industry in terms of Moore’s law.[1] Most notably, this development is based on the possibility to design shape-controlled nanostructures, such as nanowires.[2,3] Furthermore, due to the discovery of the giant magnetoresistance effect, it was possible to achieve improvement in the field of sensor devices, mainly in the fabrication of read heads for hard drives.[4,5,6] We have investigated the production of multilayered cobalt/copper as well as cobalt/platinum nanowires by a well-known electrochemical route, using track etched polycarbonate templates. The periodicity of the segment length of each material component varied along the wire axis in magnitude when applying deposition pulses of constant duration. To obtain metal segments of same length, we have analyzed diffusion processes and developed a pulse deposition technique that allows compensating for limitations due to mass transport during the electrochemical growth process.
Quantification of the Effect of an External Magnetic Field on Water Oxidation with Cobalt Oxide Anodes (2022)

Here, we quantify the effect of an external magnetic field (β) on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for a cobalt oxide|fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass (CoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>|FTO) anode. A bespoke apparatus enables us to precisely determine the relationship between magnetic flux density (β) and OER activity at the surface of a CoO<sub><i>x</i></sub>|FTO anode. The apparatus includes a strong NdFeB magnet (<i>β</i><sub><i>max</i></sub> = 450 ± 1 mT) capable of producing a magnetic field of 371 ± 1 mT at the surface of the anode. The distance between the magnet and the anode surface is controlled by a linear actuator, enabling submillimeter distance positioning of the magnet relative to the anode surface. We couple this apparatus with a finite element analysis magnetic model that was validated by Hall probe measurements to determine the value of β at the anode surface. At the largest tested magnetic field strength of β = 371 ± 1 mT, a 4.7% increase in current at 1.5 V vs the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) and a change in the Tafel slope of 14.5 mV/dec were observed. We demonstrate through a series of OER measurements at sequential values of β that the enhancement consists of two distinct regions. The possible use of this effect to improve the energy efficiency of commercial water electrolyzers is discussed, and major challenges pertaining to the accurate measurement of the phenomenon are demonstrated.
The Anatomy of the Posterior Communicating Artery as a Risk Factor for Ischemic Cerebral Infarction (1994)

A small (< 1 mm in diameter) or absent ipsilateral posterior communicating artery is a risk factor for ischemic cerebral infarction in patients with internal-carotid-artery occlusion.
A Brief Comment on "The Pyrotechnic Universe" (2001)

We respond to the criticisms by Kallosh, Kofman and Linde concerning our proposal of the ekpyrotic universe scenario. We point out a number of errors in their considerations and argue that, at this stage, the ekpyrotic model is a possible alternative to inflationary cosmology as a description of the very early universe.
In this issue (2007)

Under a contract with the National Cancer Institute, we have developed a research interface to an ultrasound system. This ultrasound research interface (URI) is an optional feature providing several basic capabilities not normally available on a clinical scanner. The URI can store high-quality beamformed radio-frequency data to file for off-line processing. Also, through an integrated user interface, the user is provided additional control over the B-mode receive aperture and color flow ensemble size. A third major capability is the ability to record and playback macro files. In this paper, we describe the URI and illustrate its use on three research examples: elastography, computed tomography, and spatial compounding
Creatine energy substrate increases bone density in the Pahenu2 classical PKU mouse in the context of phenylalanine restriction (2023)

Pathophysiology of osteopenia in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficient phenylketonuria (PKU) is poorly characterized. The Pah<sup>enu2</sup> mouse is universally osteopenic where dietary phenylalanine (Phe) management with amino acid defined chow does not improve bone density. We previously demonstrated Pah<sup>enu2</sup> osteopenia owes to a skeletal stem cell (SSC) developmental deficit mediated by energy dysregulation and oxidative stress. This investigation demonstrates complexity of Pah<sup>enu2</sup> SSC energy dysregulation. Creatine use by bone tissue is recognized. <i>In vitro</i> Pah<sup>enu2</sup> SSCs in osteoblast differentiation respond to creatine with increased <i>in situ</i> alkaline phosphatase activity and increased intracellular ATP content. Animal studies applied a 60-day creatine regimen to Pah<sup>enu2</sup> and control cohorts. Control cohorts include unaffected littermates (wt/wt), Pah<sup>enu2</sup> receiving no intervention, and dietary Phe restricted Pah<sup>enu2</sup>. Experimental cohorts (Phe unrestricted Pah<sup>enu2</sup>, Phe restricted Pah<sup>enu2</sup>) were provided 1% creatine <i>ad libitum</i> in water. After 60 days, microcomputed tomography assessed bone metrics. Equivalent osteopenia occurs in Phe-restricted and untreated Pah<sup>enu2</sup> control cohorts. In Phe unrestricted Pah<sup>enu2</sup>, creatine was without effect as bone density remained equivalent to Pah<sup>enu2</sup> control cohorts. Alternatively, Phe-restricted Pah<sup>enu2</sup> receiving creatine present increased bone density. We hypothesize small molecule dysregulation in untreated Pah<sup>enu2</sup> disallows creatine utilization; therefore, osteopenia persisted. Dietary Phe restriction enables creatine utilization to enhance SSC osteoblast differentiation and improve <i>in vivo</i> bone density. PKU intervention singularly focused on Phe reduction enables residual disease including osteopenia and neurologic elements. Intervention concurrently addressing Phe homeostasis and energy dysregulation will improve disease elements refractory to standard of care Phe reduction mono-therapy.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Fungal Metabolites in Mouse Intestine as Revealed by In vitro Models (2017)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders that can affect the whole gastrointestinal tract or the colonic mucosal layer. Current therapies aiming to suppress the exaggerated immune response in IBD largely rely on compounds with non-satisfying effects or side-effects. Therefore, new therapeutical options are needed. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the fungal metabolites, galiellalactone, and dehydrocurvularin in both an <i>in vitro</i> intestinal inflammation model, as well as in isolated myenteric plexus and enterocyte cells. Administration of a pro-inflammatory cytokine mix through the mesenteric artery of intestinal segments caused an up-regulation of inflammatory marker genes. Treatment of the murine intestinal segments with galiellalactone or dehydrocurvularin by application through the mesenteric artery significantly prevented the expression of pro-inflammatory marker genes on the mRNA and the protein level. Comparable to the results in the perfused intestine model, treatment of primary enteric nervous system (ENS) cells from the murine intestine with the fungal compounds reduced expression of cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and inflammatory enzymes such as COX-2 and iNOS on mRNA and protein levels. Similar anti-inflammatory effects of the fungal metabolites were observed in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line DLD-1 after stimulation with IFN-γ (10 ng/ml), TNF-α (10 ng/ml), and IL-1β (5 ng/ml). Our results show that the mesenterially perfused intestine model provides a reliable tool for the screening of new therapeutics with limited amounts of test compounds. Furthermore, we could characterize the anti-inflammatory effects of two novel active compounds, galiellalactone, and dehydrocurvularin which are interesting candidates for studies with chronic animal models of IBD.
Determination of the Donor Pair Exchange Energy in Phosphorus-Doped Silicon (1970)

The EPR spectrum for relatively dilute samples of phosphorus-doped silicon (5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ donors/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$) has been calculated in detail for an assumed random distribution of impurities. The system of donor electron spins is treated as a collection of nearest-neighbor donor pairs. An expression is derived for the donor pair exchange energy using Kohn-Luttinger wave functions and a general exchange-energy expression. The resultant relationship contains an adjustable parameter ${a}^{*}$, the "effective Bohr radius," which is determined from a comparison of the calculated spectrum and the experimental results obtained for the ratio $C$ of the central-pair and hyperfine line intensities. The resulting expression $J(\mathrm{R})$, where $J$ represents the exchange energy and R the separation vector connecting the two pair donors, exhibits an oscillatory spatial dependence due to interference from portions of the wave function arising from different conduction-band valleys. The distribution of pair exchange energies is compared with earlier experimental determinations of this distribution.
Hemoglobin-Vesicles as a Transfusion Alternative (2006)

Phospholipid vesicles or liposomes encapsulating purified and concentrated human hemoglobin (Hb-vesicle, HbV) have been developed as a transfusion alternative. They are void of blood-type antigens and infectious viruses; they are stable and suitable for long-term storage. The cellular structure of HbV (particle diameter, ca. 250 nm) prevents direct contact of Hb with the blood components and the endothelial lining shielding cells from the side effects of Hb molecules. Microcirculatory observations show that the cellular structure of HbV is important to control reactions with endothelium-derived vasorelaxation factors. Animal studies of extreme hemodilution and resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock attest to the sufficient oxygen transporting capacity of HbV. Studies of biodistribution and metabolism reveal that HbVs are captured eventually in the reticuloendothelial system, and degraded within one week. In a joint collaboration partnership of academia, a biotech venture company and a corporation, we plan to produce HbV with good manufacturing practices, and to start preclinical and, finally, clinical trials within a few years.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Ketone Enolates with a δ‐Oxo Phosphonate: A Carbanion‐Based [4 + 2] Annulation. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Text Analysis as Formal Inference for the Purposes of Uniform Tracing and Explanation Generation (2004)

This report has been submitted for publication outside of IBM and will probably be copyrighted if accepted for publication. Ithas been issued as a Research Report for early dissemination of its contents. In view of the transfer of copyright to the outside publisher, its distributionoutside of IBM prior to publication should be limited to peer communications and specific requests. After outside publication, requests should be filled only by reprints or legally obtained copies of the article (e.g., payment of royalties). Copies may be requested from IBM T. J. Watson Research Center P. O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA (email: reports@us.ibm.com). Some reports are available on the internet at http://domino.watson.ibm.com/library/CyberDig.nsf/home. 1 Text Analysis as Formal Inference for the purposes of Uniform By David A. Ferrucci 1 The KANI Objective The high-level research goal of the Knowledge Associates for Novel Intelligence (KANI) project is to use a variety of advanced techniques to transform unstructured information, in the form of natural language text documents, into actionable knowledge. That is, knowledge that is sufficiently structured and assigned precise semantics so that classic automating reasoning techniques maybe applied to generate and test intelligence analyst&amp;apos;s hypotheses. The project brings together experts in text extraction, knowledge representation and reasoning, and advanced user interfaces from Stanford, IBM Research, and Battelle. The practical realization of this goal is an interactive system capable of assisting the intelligence analyst in quickly discovering, extracting, filtering and synthesizing complex unstructured data to arrive at a manageable task-relevant working knowledge-base (WKB). Through the application of automated r...
Electrochemical Properties of a SiOx Film Anode Pre-lithiated by Evaporation of Metallic Li in Li-ion Batteries (2017)

An initial irreversible reaction of SiOx as a Li-ion battery anode material must be suppressed to improve the energy density. Pre-lithiation of SiOx film anode by thermal evaporation of Li metal was found effective in compensating for the irreversible reaction, and the amount of Li could be controlled according to the value of x (0.51, 0.68, and 1.02). The pre-lithiated SiOx samples exhibited superior cyclabilities for 30 cycles.