gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained Antibacterial Effect and Wear Behavior of Quaternary Ammonium Contact-Killing Dental Polymers after One-Year of Hydrolytic Degradation (2021)

This study intended to investigate the long-term antibacterial effect, mechanical performance, and surface topography of new anticaries dental composites. While most artificial aging studies of dental resins lasted for 30–90 days, this study prolonged the water-aging to one year to be more clinically relevant. The base resin was loaded with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) at 3 or 5 wt.% and nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) at 20 wt.%. Composites were subjected to one-year water storage and wear. Following water aging, samples were evaluated for flexural strength, elastic modulus, and microbiological assays. Biofilm plate counting method, metabolic assay, colorimetric quantification of lactic acid, and Baclight bacterial viability assay were measured after one year. Topography changes (ΔRa, ΔRq, ΔRv, ΔRt) were examined after wear and observed by scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm assays and topography changes data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Mechanical properties and normalized data were verified using a t-test. The flexural strength values for the formulations that contained 5% DMAHDM-20% NACP, 3% DMAHDM, and 5% DMAHDM were reduced significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in relation to the baseline but the values were still above the ISO standards. No significant differences were observed between the groups concerning the topography changes, except for the ΔRt, where there was a significant increase in the 5% DMAHDM-20% NACP group. All the groups demonstrated robust biofilm-inhibition, with slightly reduced antibacterial properties following water aging. The aged samples reduced the total microorganisms, total streptococci, and mutans streptococci by 1.5 to 3-log, compared to the experimental control. The new formulations containing DMAHDM and NACP were able to sustain the antibacterial performance after one-year of aging. Mechanical properties and surface topography were slightly affected over time.
Optimization of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid synthesis. (2008)

UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (UDP-MurNAc) is a substrate of MurC, an important enzyme in the intracellular pathway of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Various approaches towards preparation of UDP-MurNAc have been published but these synthetic preparations were shown to include many problematic steps. An optimization study with the focus on muramyl phosphate and UMP-morpholidate coupling was performed, resulting in a synthetic procedure enabling robust and easily reproducible production on a multi-gram scale.
A 1-V 9.8-ENOB 100-kS/s single-ended SAR ADC with symmetrical DAC switching technique for neural signal acquisition (2015)

This paper reports a high-performance low-power and area-efficient single-ended SAR ADC for neural signal acquisition. The proposed 10-bit ADC features a novel symmetrical DAC switching technique that resolves the signal-dependent comparator offset voltage problem in conventional single-ended SAR ADCs, and improves the ADC's ENOB. Combined with an existing LSB single-sided switching method, the proposed switching scheme reduces DAC switching energy by 92% and capacitor array area by 50%. Besides, the proposed ADC also eliminates the need for any power consuming Vcm generation circuit, making it more suitable for low-power System-on-Chip (SoC) integration. The 10-bit prototype ADC is fabricated in a standard 0.18-um CMOS technology. Operating at 1.0 V power supply and 100 kS/s, the proposed ADC achieves 58.83 dB SNDR and 63.6 dB SFDR for a 49.06 kHz input signal. The maximum ENOB is 9.8-bit for low frequency input signal; and the minimum ENOB is 9.48-bit at the Nyquist input frequency. The average power consumption is 1.72 μW and the fig re-of-merit (FoM) is 24.1 fJ/conversion-step.
Fimbria-mediated adherence of Candida albicans to glycosphingolipid receptors on human buccal epithelial cells (1994)

Candida albicans is an opportunist fungal pathogen that has the ability to adhere to host cell surface receptors via a number of adhesins. Yu et al. (L. Yu, K. K. Lee, K. Ens, P. C. Doig, M. R. Carpenter, W. Staddon, R. S. Hodges, W. Paranchych, and R. T. Irvin, Infect. Immun. 62:2834-2842, 1994) described the purification and initial characterization of a fimbrial adhesin from C. albicans. In this paper, we show that C. albicans fimbriae also bind to asialo-GM1 [gangliotetraosylceramide: beta Gal(1-3)beta GalNAc(1-4) beta Gal(1-4)beta Glc(1-1)Cer] immobilized on microtiter plates in a saturable and concentration-dependent manner. C. albicans fimbrial binding to exfoliated human buccal epithelial cells (BECs) was inhibited by asialo-GM1 in in vitro binding assays. The fimbriae interact with the glycosphingolipid receptors via the carbohydrate portion of the receptors, since fimbriae were observed to bind to synthetic beta GalNAc(1-4)beta Gal-protein conjugates and the disaccharide was able to inhibit binding of fimbriae to BECs in in vitro binding assays. We conclude from these results that the C. albicans yeast form expresses a fimbrial adhesin that binds to glycosphingolipids displayed on the surface of human BECs.
Approximation by Simple Poles -- Part II: System Level Synthesis Beyond Finite Impulse Response (2022)

In Part I, a novel Galerkin-type method for finite dimensional approximations of transfer functions in Hardy space was developed based on approximation by simple poles. In Part II, this approximation is applied to system level synthesis, a recent approach based on a clever reparameterization, to develop a new technique for optimal control design. To solve system level synthesis problems, prior work relies on finite impulse response approximations that lead to deadbeat control, and that can experience infeasibility and increased suboptimality, especially in systems with large separation of time scales. The new design method does not result in deadbeat control, is convex and tractable, always feasible, can incorporate prior knowledge, and works well for systems with large separation of time scales. Suboptimality bounds with convergence rate depending on the geometry of the pole selection are provided. An example demonstrates superior performance of the method.
cis-1,2,2,3-Tetraphenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-benzosilole (2006)

The title compound, C32H26Si, is a benzosilacyclo­pentene in which the silacyclo­pentene ring assumes an envelope conformation, with the Si atom displaced by 0.953 (2) Å from the mean plane of the four C atoms. The Si atom is bonded to two phenyl rings and to two Csp3 atoms in the silacyclo­pentene ring; one phenyl ring is attached to each of these two Csp3 atoms in the cis configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: DIASTEREOTOPIC SELECTIVITY AT PROCHIRAL CARBON CENTERS. A STEREODIVERGENT SYNTHESIS OF THE TALAROMYCINS (1985)

Abstract Ausgend von dem Spiroketal (I) werden in der angegebenen Weise die beiden Talaromycine (III) und (VIII) nach gängigen Verfahren in hohen Ausbeuten hergestellt.
Experimental Evaluation of Correlation Properties of Large Scale Parameters in an Indoor LOS Environment (2006)

The primary goal of this paper is through examining a set of measurement data to show that the spatial variation properties of large scale parameters can well be expressed by the exponential decaying function, as proposed by Algans et al. (2002), but with quite a small decorrelation distance. The large scale parameters include large scale fading and delay spread as well as azimuth spreads at the transmitter and receiver sides. Furthermore, it is also shown that the cross correlation between the large scale parameters is relatively small, only being -0.54 between large scale fading and delay spread, while being almost 0 for the others. The measurement data obtained in an indoor LOS scenario in the campus of Technische Universitat Ilmenau was used for this purpose.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Mechanisms of activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 by redox stressors, nutrient cues, and energy status and the pathways through which it attenuates degenerative disease. (2017)

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the basal and stress-inducible expression of a battery of genes encoding key components of the glutathione-based and thioredoxin-based anti-oxidant systems, as well as aldo-keto reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxi-doreductase-1 drug-metabolizing isoenzymes along with multidrugresistance-associated efflux pumps.It therefore plays a pivotal role in both intrinsic resistance and cellular adaptation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and xenobiotics.Activation of Nrf2 can, however, serve as a double-edged sword because some of the genes it induces may contribute to chemical carcinogenesis by promoting futile redox cycling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites or confer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by increasing the expression of efflux pumps, suggesting its cytoprotective effects will vary in a context-specific fashion.In addition to cytoprotection, Nrf2 also controls genes involved in intermediary metabolism, positively regulating those involved in NADPH generation, purine biosynthesis, and the β-oxidation of fatty acids, while suppressing those involved in lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis.Nrf2 is subject to regulation at multiple levels.Its ability to orchestrate adaptation to oxidants and electrophiles is due principally to stress-stimulated modification of thiols within one of its repressors, the Kelchlike ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which is present in the cullin-3 RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex CRL Keap1 .Thus modification of Cys residues in Keap1 blocks CRL Keap1 activity, allowing newly translated Nrf2 to accumulate rapidly and induce its target genes.The ability of Keap1 to repress Nrf2 can be attenuated by p62/sequestosome-1 in a mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-depen-dent manner, thereby allowing refeeding after fasting to increase Nrf2-target gene expression.In parallel with repression by Keap1, Nrf2 is also repressed
Functional Cumulation of the Influence of Vascular Peptide Bioregulator on Microcirculation in the Brain Cortex of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2018)

We investigated the influence of vascular peptide bioregulator on microcirculation in the brain cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats of different ages and figured out whether there is functional cumulation during two-time application of the drug «Slavinorm» by above-mentioned animals. It was shown that a single course treatment with vascular peptide bioregulator had increased the density of microvascular network of the pia mater in young animals ca. 1,2-fold and had not affected the perfusion and oxygen saturation of sensorimotor cortex. The second course treatment with «Slavinorm» was provided in a 6 months. Functional cumulation was revealed in 12 month-aged rats which had 2 course treatments with vascular peptide bioregulation: the density of microvascular network of the pia mater was increased ca. 1,6-fold; level of perfusion was increased ca. 15% in comparison with intact animals of the same age. These animals were more tolerant to cerebral vasospasm (the application of vasoconstrictor on the surface of the brain): the highest level of tissue oxygen saturation was remained at fairly constant perfusion in comparison with other animals.
Synthesis and E/Z Stereoisomerism of 6-Carbaldoxime Derivatives of Pyrazino[2,3-c]-1,2,6-thiadiazine 2,2-Dioxide (1991)

The synthesis of 6-carbaldoxime derivatives of pyrazino[2,3-c]-1,2,6-thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide is reported. Tautomerism and E/Z stereoisomerism are discussed on the basis of uv and nmr spectral data
Abstract 16: FDG-PET/CT Enables the Detection of Recurrent, Same-Site Deep Vein Thrombosis by Illuminating Recently Formed Neutrophil-Rich Thrombus (2014)

Background: Specific detection of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a challenging clinical problem. As DVT formation and resolution are inflammatory processes, we experimentally investigated whether noninvasive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET imaging could identify inflamed, recently formed thrombi and thereby improve the diagnosis of recurrent DVT. Methods: We established a stasis-induced DVT model in murine jugular veins and also a novel model of recurrent stasis DVT in mice. C57BL/6 mice (n = 30) underwent ligation of the jugular vein to induce stasis DVT. FDG-PET/CT was performed at DVT timepoints of day 2, 4, 7, 14, or 2+16 (same-site recurrent day 2 DVT overlying a 16 days old DVT). Antibody-based neutrophil depletion was performed in a subset of mice prior to DVT formation and FDG-PET/CT. In a clinical study, 38 patients with lower extremity DVT or controls undergoing FDG-PET were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Stasis DVT demonstrated that the highest FDG signal occurred day 2, followed by a time-dependent decrease (p&lt;0.05). Histological analyses demonstrated that thrombus neutrophils (p&lt;0.01), but not macrophages, correlated with thrombus PET signal intensity. Neutrophil depletion decreased FDG signals in day 2 DVT compared to that of control mice (p&lt;0.05). Recurrent DVT demonstrated significantly higher FDG uptake than organized day 14 DVT (p&lt;0.05). The FDG DVT signal in patients also exhibited a time-dependent decrease (p&lt;0.05). Recurrent day 2 DVT showed neutrophil-dominant infiltration pattern with few macrophages, similar to standalone day 2 DVT. Conclusions: Noninvasive FDG-PET/CT identifies neutrophil-dependent thrombus inflammation in murine DVT, and demonstrates a time-dependent signal in both murine and clinical DVT. FDG-PET/CT may offer a molecular imaging strategy to accurately diagnose recurrent DVT.
Development of a 32P-Postlabeling/HPLC Method for Detection of Dehydroretronecine-Derived DNA Adducts in Vivo and in Vitro (2000)

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are naturally occurring genotoxic chemicals produced by a large number of plants. Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in vivo and in vitro generates dehydroretronecine (DHR) as a common reactive metabolite. In this study, we report the development of a (32)P-postlabeling/HPLC method for detection of (i) two DHR-3'-dGMP and four DHR-3'-dAMP adducts and (ii) a set of eight DHR-derived DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo. The approach involves (1) synthesis of DHR-3'-dGMP, DHR-3'-dAMP, and DHR-3',5'-dG-bisphosphate standards and characterization of their structures by mass and (1)H NMR spectral analyses, (2) development of optimal conditions for enzymatic DNA digestion, adduct enrichment, and (32)P-postlabeling, and (3) development of optimal HPLC conditions. Using this methodology, we have detected eight DHR-derived DNA adducts, including the two epimeric DHR-3',5'-dG-bisphosphate adducts both in vitro and in vivo.
Analysis of Periodically Loaded Defected Ground Structure and Application to Leaky Wave Antennas (2003)

This paper presents the analysis of periodically loaded defected ground structure (DGS). A periodic array of DGS generates the frequency range that β is smaller than k . In that region, a fast wave propagates through the transmission line with energy leakage to the free space. The leaky region of periodic DGS array is predicted by ABCD parameters using unit DGS cell and Floquet mode theorem. A leaky wave antenna with the array of 16 DGS elements is designed and measured. 0
In Situ Measurement of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Evolution on Silicon Anodes Using Atomic Force Microscopy (2016)

In situ measurements of the growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on silicon and the lithiation‐induced volume changes in silicon in lithium ion half‐cells are reported. Thin film amorphous silicon electrodes are fabricated in a configuration that allows unambiguous separation of the total thickness change into contribution from SEI thickness and silicon volume change. Electrodes are assembled into a custom‐designed electrochemical cell, which is integrated with an atomic force microscope. The electrodes are subjected to constant potential lithiation/delithiation at a sequence of potential values and the thickness measurements are made at each potential after equilibrium is reached. Experiments are carried out with two electrolytes—1.2 m lithium hexafluoro‐phosphate (LiPF 6 ) in ethylene carbonate (EC) and 1.2 m LiPF 6 in propylene carbonate (PC)—to investigate the influence of electrolyte composition on SEI evolution. It is observed that SEI formation occurs predominantly during the first lithiation and the maximum SEI thickness is ≈17 and 10 nm respectively for EC and PC electrolytes. This study also presents the measured Si expansion ratio versus equilibrium potential and charge capacity versus equilibrium potential; both relationships display hysteresis, which is explained in terms of the stress–potential coupling in silicon.
Advanced fabrication and calibration of high-temperature sensor elements based on sapphire fiber Bragg gratings (2014)

In this paper, improved fabrication and calibration techniques of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) for very high temperature sensing applications up to more than 1500 °C will be presented. The fibers used are single crystalline sapphire fibers, which are applicable in such high temperature ranges due to their high melting point at 2040 °C and their extreme thermal stability. The inscription of the FBGs was performed by the second harmonic wave of a Ti:Sa-femtosecond laser system. With pulses of 400 nm wavelength first order gratings could be achieved. Using a two-beam phase mask interferometer, grating arrays within a wide spectral range have been fabricated with only one phase mask and without additional calibration routine. The inscribed grating arrays were wavelength-calibrated using a reference FBG, and their temperature sensitivity was evaluated.
Model-based deep reinforcement learning for CACC in mixed-autonomy vehicle platoon (2019)

This paper proposes a model-based deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm for cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) of connected vehicles. Differing from most existing CACC works, we consider a platoon consisting of both human-driven and autonomous vehicles. The humandriven vehicles are heterogeneous and connected via vehicleto-vehicle (V2V) communication and the autonomous vehicles are controlled by a cloud-based centralized DRL controller via vehicle-to-cloud (V2C) communication. To overcome the safety and robustness issues of RL, the algorithm informs lowerlevel controllers of desired headway signals instead of directly controlling vehicle accelerations. The lower-level behavior is modeled according to the optimal velocity model (OVM), which determines vehicle acceleration according to a headway input. Numerical experiments show that the model-based DRL algorithm outperforms its model-free version in both safety and stability of CACC. Furthermore, we study the impact of different penetration ratios of autonomous vehicles on the safety, stability, and optimality of the CACC policy.
Characterization of an intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in broiler chickens (2009)

Intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli O127:B8 at a dose of 1,500,000 u/kg body weight evoked a hypothermic response followed by a fever phase in 5-week-old broiler chickens. The hypothermic phase coincided with a severe decrease in blood pressure. We assume that this decrease in blood pressure is, at least partly, responsible for the hypothermic phase of the body temperature curve. LPS administration also caused a decrease in circulating white blood cells. The heterophils were predominantly sequestered in the lungs. In LPS-treated chickens, far more apoptotic leukocytes were present in the circulation, compared with control chickens. The molecular players responsible for the LPS-induced inflammatory response could be TL1A, IL-1beta and IL-6, since a slight increase in their mRNA levels in white blood cells was already seen 1 h after LPS administration. In accordance with these observations, the levels of secreted IL-6 were maximal 3 h after LPS administration. These parameters characterize this LPS-induced inflammation model in broiler chickens.
Robot assisted stapedotomy ex vivo with an active handheld instrument (2015)

Micron is a fully handheld active micromanipulator that helps to improve position accuracy and precision in microsurgery by cancelling hand tremor. This work describes adaptation, tuning, and testing of the Micron system for stapedotomy, a microsurgical procedure performed in the middle ear to restore hearing that requires accurate manipulation in narrow spaces. Two end-effectors, a handle, and a brace (or rest) were designed and prototyped. The control system was adapted for the new hardware. The system was tested ex vivo in stapedotomy procedure comparing manually-performed and Micron-assisted surgical tasks. Tremor amplitude was found to be reduced significantly. Further testing is needed in order to obtain statistically significant results regarding other parameters dealing with regularity of the fenestra shape.
Co‐Culture of Human Primary Hepatocytes and Nonparenchymal Liver Cells in the Emulate® Liver‐Chip for the Study of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury (2022)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant public health issue, but standard animal tests and clinical trials sometimes fail to predict DILI due to species differences and the relatively low number of human subjects involved in preapproval studies of a new drug, respectively. In vitro models have long been used to aid DILI prediction, with primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) being generally considered the gold standard. However, despite many efforts and decades of work, traditional culture methods have been unsuccessful in either fully preserving essential liver functions after isolation of PHHs or in emulating interactions between PHHs and hepatic nonparenchymal cells (NPCs), both of which are essential for the development of DILI under in vivo conditions. Recently, various liver-on-a-chip (Liver-Chip) systems have been developed to co-culture hepatocytes and NPCs in a three-dimensional environment on microfluidic channels, enabling better maintenance of primary liver cells and thus improved DILI prediction. The Emulate® Liver-Chip is a commercially available system that can recapitulate some in vivo DILI responses associated with certain compounds whose liver safety profile cannot be accurately evaluated using conventional approaches involving PHHs or animal models due to a lack of innate immune responses or species-dependent toxicity, respectively. Here, we describe detailed procedures for the use of Emulate® Liver-Chips for co-culturing PHHs and NPCs for the purpose of DILI evaluation. First, we describe the procedures for preparing the Liver-Chip. We then outline the steps needed for sequential seeding of PHHs and NPCs in the prepared Liver-Chips. Lastly, we provide a protocol for utilizing cells maintained in perfusion culture in the Liver-Chips to evaluate DILI, using acetaminophen as an example. In all, use of this system and the procedures described here allow better preservation of the functions of human primary liver cells, resulting in an improved in vitro model for DILI assessment. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol 1: Liver-Chip preparation Basic Protocol 2: Seeding primary human hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells on Liver-Chips Basic Protocol 3: Perfusion culture for the study of acetaminophen-induced liver injury.