gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Otx2 Promotes the Survival of Damaged Adult Retinal Ganglion Cells and Protects against Excitotoxic Loss of Visual AcuityIn Vivo (2011)

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the projection neurons from the eye to the brain and their loss results in visual impairment in a number of diseases. Transcription factors with a homeodomain can translocate between cells and, in at least one reported case, can stimulate neuronal survival. Otx2 is a homeoprotein transcription factor expressed in the retina that is taken up by RGCs. We thus hypothesized that Otx2 capture could regulate the survival of adult RGCs. We report that Otx2 stimulates the survival of adult mouse and rat RGCs in vitro and protects RGCs against NMDA-induced toxicity in vivo in mice. In the latter model, Otx2 also preserves visual acuity.
MLPerf Inference Benchmark (2020)

Machine-learning (ML) hardware and software system demand is burgeoning. Driven by ML applications, the number of different ML inference systems has exploded. Over 100 organizations are building ML inference chips, and the systems that incorporate existing models span at least three orders of magnitude in power consumption and five orders of magnitude in performance; they range from embedded devices to data-center solutions. Fueling the hardware are a dozen or more software frameworks and libraries. The myriad combinations of ML hardware and ML software make assessing ML-system performance in an architecture-neutral, representative, and reproducible manner challenging. There is a clear need for industry-wide standard ML benchmarking and evaluation criteria. MLPerf Inference answers that call. In this paper, we present our benchmarking method for evaluating ML inference systems. Driven by more than 30 organizations as well as more than 200 ML engineers and practitioners, MLPerf prescribes a set of rules and best practices to ensure comparability across systems with wildly differing architectures. The first call for submissions garnered more than 600 reproducible inference-performance measurements from 14 organizations, representing over 30 systems that showcase a wide range of capabilities. The submissions attest to the benchmark’s flexibility and adaptability.
Measuring Uptake Dynamics of Multiple Identifiable Carbon Nanotube Species via High-Speed Confocal Raman Imaging of Live Cells (2012)

Carbon nanotube uptake was measured via high-speed confocal Raman imaging in live cells. Spatial and temporal tracking of two cell-intrinsic and nine nanotube-derived Raman bands was conducted simultaneously in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Movies resolved single (n, m) species, defects, and aggregation states of nanotubes transiently as well as the cell position, denoted by lipid and protein signals. This work portends the real-time molecular imaging of live cells and tissues using Raman spectroscopy, affording multiplexing and complete photostability.
On Mitigating Acoustic Feedback in Hearing Aids with Frequency Warping by All-Pass Networks (2019)

Acoustic feedback control continues to be a challenging problem due to the emerging form factors in advanced hearing aids (HAs) and hearables. In this paper, we present a novel use of well-known all-pass filters in a network to perform frequency warping that we call "freping." Freping helps in breaking the Nyquist stability criterion and improves adaptive feedback cancellation (AFC). Based on informal subjective assessments, distortions due to freping are fairly benign. While common objective metrics like the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and the hearing-aid speech quality index (HASQI) may not adequately capture distortions due to freping and acoustic feedback artifacts from a perceptual perspective, they are still instructive in assessing the proposed method. We demonstrate quality improvements with freping for a basic AFC (PESQ: 2.56 to 3.52 and HASQI: 0.65 to 0.78) at a gain setting of 20; and an advanced AFC (PESQ: 2.75 to 3.17 and HASQI: 0.66 to 0.73) for a gain of 30. From our investigations, freping provides larger improvement for basic AFC, but still improves overall system performance for many AFC approaches.
Jeffrey Conn-Opportunities and Challenges for Drug Discovery in a Postgenomic World (2007)

Includes descriptive metadata provided by producer in MP4 file: Lecture Series - Videos - Jeffrey Conn-Opportunities and Challenges for Drug Discovery in a Postgenomic World
Weibull Model for Hydrogen-induced Fracture of High Strength Steel (2012)

This study proposes a new evaluation model of hydrogen-induced unstable fracture of high strength steel and/or its welds. In this model, a new driving force for hydrogen-induced fracture, Hydrogen-Weibull stress, is proposed on the basis of the original Beremin model, where cohesive energy reduction due to diffusible hydrogen is implemented into the local unstable fracture model. The Hydrogen-Weibull stress, which is enlarged not only by the local stress but also by diffusible hydrogen content, can be independent of geometrical parameters of components as well as diffusible hydrogen content. The validity of this Hydrogen-Weibull stress is demonstrated by constant load test conducted with different load level and with various initial hydrogen contents.
The Approach to Cyberinfrastructure for the Ocean Observatories Initiative (2007)

In the oceanographic research, the Ocean Sciences Division of the National Science Foundation has implemented the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) program to develop and deploy a network of science-driven ocean observing systems. The OOI comprises three types of interconnected observatories spanning global, regional and coastal scales. The global component is a network of moored buoys linked to shore via satellite to address planetary-scale problems. A regional cabled observatory will 'wire' a single region in the Northeast Pacific Ocean with a high speed optical and power grid. The coastal component of the 001 will expand upon existing coastal observing assets, providing extended opportunities to characterize the effects of high frequency, high energy, loss forcing on the coastal environment. The Cyberinfrastructure (CI) constitutes the integrating element that links and binds all three marine observatories and their associated sensors into a coherent system-of-systems - a global multi-scale observatory. The CI facilitates the analysis of real time and retrospective data and their assimilation into models. The CI will break down the traditional barriers posed by data and technology access, and empower traditional as well as new classes of users with increased understanding of the oceans. Thus it is a crucial component that will facilitate the arrival of a new epoch the instrumented earth, where a globally accessible continuous signal representing the now state of the earth system will inform our understanding of its past, present and predicted future.
BLOκ/sup TM/-a low-κ dielectric barrier/etch stop film for copper damascene applications (2003)

A low-/spl kappa/ dielectric barrier/etch stop film has been developed for use in copper damascene processes. The film is deposited using Dow Corning/sup R/ organosilicon gas as a precursor in a single-wafer PECVD chamber, and has a lower dielectric constant (/spl les/5) compared to the SiC film (>7) generated by SiH/sub 4/ and CH/sub 4/ and plasma silicon nitrides (>7). This film is amorphous and composed of silicon, carbon and hydrogen (a-SiC:H). The film characterization, including physical, electrical, copper diffusion barrier properties, and etch selectivity demonstrated that this film is a good barrier/etch stop for low-/spl kappa/ copper damascene applications. Due to its low dielectric constant, low effective /spl kappa/ values can be achieved in damascene devices. This film has been named BLO/spl kappa//sup TM/ (barrier low /spl kappa/) (Pai and Ting, 1989).
A reconfigurable near-infrared circularly polarizing reflector based on phase changing anisotropic metamaterials (2012)

A reconfigurable near-infrared circularly polarizing reflector is presented. The circular polarizing reflector is comprised of a birefringent impedance surface consisting of a periodic array of reconfigurable split ring resonators. Integrated into the metamaterial surface is a phase change material that facilitates the reconfigurability.
Chinese Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation Based on Wikipedia (2012)

This paper presents a method for named entity recognition and disambiguation based on Wikipedia. First, we establish Wikipedia database using open source tools named JWPL. Second, we extract the definition term from the first sentence of Wikipedia page and use it as external knowledge in named entity recognition. Finally, we achieve named entity disambiguation using Wikipedia disambiguation pages and contextual information. The experiments show that the use of Wikipedia features can improve the accuracy of named entity recognition.
User-Defined Predicates in OPS5: A Needed Language Extension for Financial Expert Systems (1989)

OPS5 is widely used for expert system development in industry as well as for academic research. Its limited expressive power, however, can lead to cumbersome and inefficient code. Often a single domain rule must be encoded as a series of OPS5 rules requiring extensive performance overhead and resulting in an awkward representation of the knowledge. In the financial expert system ALEXSYS, which performs mortgage pool allocation, the lack of user-defined predicates proved to be a major obstacle, prohibiting real time performance. This work describes the addition of user-defined predicates in OPS5, supported by a patch to Carnegie-Mellon University's Common lisp OPS5 implementation. Also, the necessity of this extension is demonstrated in the context of the ALEXSYS mortgage pool allocation expert system, both in terms of increased efficiency and improved knowledge representation.
Morphological and clinical aspects of scapular fasciocutaneous free flap transfer for treatment of venous insufficiency in the lower extremity (1998)

We have recently shown that free scapular fasciocutaneous flaps transferred to the lower extremities of patients with chronic venous insufficiency and cutaneous ulcers have resulted in improvement in venous refilling times measured by photoplethysmography in the flap areas and that recurrent ulceration does not recur for up to 7 years. We hypothesized that the transferred flaps contained valves in their microvascular bed, which facilitated venous return, and using scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and light and transmission electron microscopy of tissue sections prepared from human dorsal thoracic fascia, we showed that valves were most abundant in veins with a luminal diameter of 30-120 microm (59.3% of 905 valves). The depth of these valves increased with venous diameter, but the size of valve sinuses was not different for individual valves. Except for veins > 1,000 microm in diameter, there was no significant difference in the number of valves in different parts of an individual flap or between different flaps. Most valves were bicuspid; only in the vein Category 30-120 microm were unicuspid valves encountered. Valves were sometimes located in series in a short segment of a vein; occasionally they were found at the merging of two veins. Transmission electron microscopy showed that valve leaflets had collagen fibers that ascended toward the tip of the leaflet and were occasionally accompanied by elastic fibers. Myofibroblasts were regularly present in the valve leaflets. The present report reviews and updates these anatomic data about the human scapular region, focusing on venous valvular microstructure, and suggests that the high number of smaller-size valves contributes to improved hemodynamic of the leg and thus the clinical success of free scapular flaps used to treat cutaneous ulcerations in the lower extremity.
Supplemental Figure S6 from <i>KRAS</i> Genomic Status Predicts the Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Decitabine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A, tumor mass of the excised tumor at four weeks of treatment and change in tumor volume as measured by caliper for each tumor normalized to day zero of low dose decitabine (20 mg/kg, SC, 3x per week) or vehicle administered for four weeks in a subcutaneous xenograft model using a KRAS-mutant cell line (OVCAR8) (*, p = 0.03; Mann-Whitney). B, tumor mass of the excised tumor at four weeks of treatment and change in tumor volume for each tumor normalized to day zero of low-dose decitabine (20 mg/kg SC, 3x per week), navitoclax (100 mg/kg IP, 5x per week), or vehicle treatment administered alone or in combination for four weeks in a subcutaneous xenograft model using a KRAS-mutant cell line (OVCAR8) (**, p &lt; 0.001; t-test). Week four treatment omitted one injection of decitabine and two injections of navitoclax.&lt;/p&gt;
Measuring the inverse magnetostrictive effect in a thin film using a modified vibrating sample magnetometer (2014)

A method for measuring the magnetostriction of thin films using a vibrating sample magnetometer is described. We describe the design of a custom sample holder to apply an adjustable bending stress to the sample during measurement and observe the resulting change in the M-H loop.
MHC class I-related FcRn-mediated presentation of immune complexed antigen is associated with endosomal and phagosomal pH and antigen stability in macrophages and dendritic cells (100.56) (2011)

Abstract The Fc receptors for the immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody (FcgammaRs) found on macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) efficiently facilitate the presentation or cross-presentation of immune-complexed (IC)-antigens to T cells. We found that the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn) in both macrophages and DCs failed to have a strong effect on the cross-presentation of IC ovalbumin (OVA) antigen to CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, endosomal FcRn enhanced the presentation of the monomeric OVA-IC to OT-II CD4+ T cells robustly, whereas FcRn in phagosomes exerted distinctive effects on antigen presentation between macrophages and DCs. The presentation of phagocytosed latex-OVA-ICs to CD4+ T cells was also considerably enhanced on wild-type versus FcRn-deficient macrophages, but was not affected in FcRn-deficient DCs. This functional discrepancy was associated with the dependence of IgG-FcRn binding in an acidic pH. Following phagocytosis, the phagosomal pH dropped rapidly to below 6.5 in macrophages but remained in the neutral range in DCs. This disparity in pH determined the rate of degradation of phagocytosed ICs. Thus, our findings reveal that FcRn expression has a different effect on antigen processing and presentation of ICs to CD4+ T cells in the endosomal versus phagosomal compartments of macrophages versus DCs.
Effect of atomic reagent approach geometry on electronic state branching: The Ca(1P1) + HCl reaction (1981)

The influence of the alignment of the laser-excited Ca(1P1) reagent on the chemiluminescent reaction Ca(1P1)+ HCl→CaCl(A2∏,B2Σ+) + H is discussed. (AIP)
Conditional Recruitment to a DNA-Bound CRISPR–Cas Complex Using a Colocalization-Dependent Protein Switch (2020)

To spatially control biochemical functions at specific sites within a genome, we have engineered a synthetic switch that activates when bound to its DNA target site. The system uses two CRISPR-Cas complexes to colocalize components of a <i>de novo</i>-designed protein switch (Co-LOCKR) to adjacent sites in the genome. Colocalization triggers a conformational change in the switch from an inactive closed state to an active open state with an exposed functional peptide. We prototype the system in yeast and demonstrate that DNA binding triggers activation of the switch, recruitment of a transcription factor, and expression of a downstream reporter gene. This DNA-triggered Co-LOCKR switch provides a platform to engineer sophisticated functions that should only be executed at a specific target site within the genome, with potential applications in a wide range of synthetic systems including epigenetic regulation, imaging, and genetic logic circuits.
Cardiovascular risk factors and underlying pathology and prevalence of lipid plaques in women with acute coronary syndromes in different age groups (2022)

Abstract Background An incidence of cardiovascular events increases with age in women. The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, and the underlying pathology and the prevalence of lipid plaques has not been systematically studied in different age groups in women presented with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Purpose We investigated the underlying pathology and the prevalence of lipid plaques in culprit lesions by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in women with different risk factors. Methods A total of 382 women who underwent pre-intervention OCT imaging were included. The underlying pathology and the prevalence of lipid plaques in the culprit lesion was compared between women with and without cardiovascular risk factors (i.e. hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, family history and chronic kidney disease) in three different age groups (&amp;lt;60 yr, 60–70 yr, &amp;gt;70 yr). Results The relative prevalence of plaque erosion was higher in younger women (&amp;lt;60 yr) and decreased with age (from 51% to 28%, p&amp;lt;0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of lipid plaques between women with and without risk factors, except a higher prevalence of lipid plaques in current smokers compared to non-smokers (79% vs. 63%, p=0.003). In women with hyperlipidemia, the prevalence of lipid plaques was modest in young ages (&amp;lt;60 yr), but increased steeply with age (p&amp;lt;0.001). The increasing age trend for lipid plaque was also observed in women with hypertension (p=0.03) and current smokers (p=0.01). In women with diabetes mellitus and family history, the prevalence of lipid plaques was high even in young ages (&amp;lt;60 yr) and did not increase with age. Conclusion The prevalence of plaque erosion was higher in younger women (&amp;lt;60 yr) and decreased with age. Current smokers had significantly higher prevalence of lipid plaque. Patients with diabetes and positive family history had a higher prevalence of lipid plaque at young age. The prevalence of lipid plaques increased with age particularly in women with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation.
Increase of coagulation potential in chronic spontaneous urticaria (2010)

CU is characterized by elevated blood coagulation potential with involvement of the intrinsic coagulation factors, which may contribute in vivo to the generation of fibrin even by small amounts of thrombin.
Assignment of the anomalous resonance Raman vibrations of bathorhodopsin (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssignment of the anomalous resonance Raman vibrations of bathorhodopsinGregory Eyring, Bostick Curry, Richard Mathies, Albert Broek, and Johan LugtenburgCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 16, 5390–5392Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00536a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00536a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FIB‐Nanotomography of Particulate Systems—Part I: Particle Shape and Topology of Interfaces (2006)

A new 3D‐microscopy method, focused ion beam‐nanotomography (FIB‐nt), has been applied to the statistical particle shape analysis and for topological characterization of granular textures in cement samples. Because of its high resolution (15 nm), FIB‐nt reveals precise microstructural information at the submicrometer scale, which cannot be obtained with conventional tomography methods. It is demonstrated that even from complex granular textures with dense agglomerates, it is possible to identify the individual sub‐grains. This is the basis for reliable statistical shape analysis. For this purpose, moments of inertia were determined for particles from five different grain size fractions of a given cement, which provides important input data for future modeling of rheology and hydration processes. In addition, FIB‐nt was used for topological characterization of the particle–particle interfaces in the dense and fine‐grained granular textures. The unique 3D‐data obtained with FIB‐nt thus open new possibilities for quantitative microstructure analysis and the data can be used as structural input for object‐oriented modeling.
MitImpact 3: modeling the residue interaction network of the Respiratory Chain subunits (2020)

Numerous lines of evidence have shown that the interaction between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes ensures the efficient functioning of the OXPHOS complexes, with substantial implications in bioenergetics, adaptation, and disease. Their interaction is a fascinating and complex trait of the eukaryotic cell that MitImpact explores with its third major release. MitImpact expands its collection of genomic, clinical, and functional annotations of all non-synonymous substitutions of the human mitochondrial genome with new information on putative Compensated Pathogenic Deviations and co-varying amino acid sites of the Respiratory Chain subunits. It further provides evidence of energetic and structural residue compensation by techniques of molecular dynamics simulation. MitImpact is freely accessible at http://mitimpact.css-mendel.it.
Characterisation and mitigation of beam-induced backgrounds observed in the ATLAS detector during the 2011 proton-proton run (2013)

This paper presents a summary of beam-induced backgrounds observed in the ATLAS&#13;\ndetector and discusses methods to tag and remove background contaminated events in data. Triggerrate&#13;\nbased monitoring of beam-related backgrounds is presented. The correlations of backgrounds&#13;\nwith machine conditions, such as residual pressure in the beam-pipe, are discussed. Results from&#13;\ndedicated beam-background simulations are shown, and their qualitative agreement with data is&#13;\nevaluated. Data taken during the passage of unpaired, i.e. non-colliding, proton bunches is used&#13;\nto obtain background-enriched data samples. These are used to identify characteristic features of&#13;\nbeam-induced backgrounds, which then are exploited to develop dedicated background tagging&#13;\ntools. These tools, based on observables in the Pixel detector, the muon spectrometer and the&#13;\ncalorimeters, are described in detail and their efficiencies are evaluated. Finally an example of an&#13;\napplication of these techniques to a monojet analysis is given, which demonstrates the importance&#13;\nof such event cleaning techniques for some new physics searches.