gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Late Relapses of Childhood T-ALL Are Frequently Second T-ALL. (2007)

Abstract The vast majority of relapses in childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients occur relatively early, usually within 2 years from diagnosis. Our previous comparative molecular analyses between diagnosis and relapse in all such “classical” T-ALL showed totally or at least partly identical T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement patterns at both disease phases. These results confirm that the relapse clone in these patients originated from the original diagnosis clone, which became resistant to the applied treatment. In contrast to these “classical” T-ALL, two patients experienced very late T-ALL recurrences and displayed completely different TCR gene rearrangement sequences between diagnosis and relapse. We hypothesized that such late “relapses” of T-ALL in fact might represent second malignancies in genetically predisposed persons. We investigated 16 T-ALL patients with late relapses, i.e. at least 2.5 years from initial diagnosis. The studies at the DNA level involved detailed comparison of TCR gene rearrangements between diagnosis and relapse (PCR-heteroduplex, sequencing and/or Southern blot analyses), the detection of gene fusions involving the TAL1 gene and/or TCR genes and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) using high-resolution Agilent arrays. We found evidence of a common clonal origin between diagnosis and relapse in ten of the 16 patients. In one case, no clonal TCR rearrangements were detected neither at diagnosis nor at relapse. In the other five patients TCR gene rearrangement sequences had completely changed between diagnosis and relapse, suggesting a second T-ALL rather than a relapse. Moreover, three of these five patients remained in complete remission after second-line treatment, which is unusual for relapsed T-ALL. In three of the five patients with presumed second T-ALL, CGH arrays showed completely different patterns of genomic aberrations between diagnosis and relapse, while in the remaining two patients the patterns of genomic changes were vastly different, but some aberrations were similar at both disease phases. In eight patients with evidence of a common clonal origin between diagnosis and relapse at least 50% of genomic events revealed by CGH arrays were identical between diagnosis and relapse of T-ALL. We conclude that approximately one-third of late T-ALL “relapses” in fact represent second malignancies. We are currently performing further genomic analyses to identify common genetic events or common genomic features which might be related to predisposition for development of T-ALL.
Root-knot nematodes. (2013)

Plant-parasitic nematodes devastate crops worldwide, in turn impacting international trade, social and economic development. Effective control of nematodes is essential for crop protection, and requires an understanding of nematode biology, taxonomy, population dynamics and sampling methods. Providing a broad introduction to nematodes as plant parasites, this book begins by describing nematodes by genera, and builds on this foundation to detail nematode biology and pest management, including biological and chemical control. Chapters are authored by international experts and enhanced by extensive illustrations and focus boxes. Fully updated throughout, this new edition is an essential resource for postgraduate students, extension officers, researchers and crop protection scientists
Influence of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers on Lyotropic Liquid Crystals in Water−Oil−Surfactant Systems (2005)

In ternary water-oil-nonionic alkyl polyglycol ether (C(i)E(j)) microemulsions, an increase in efficiency is always accompanied by the formation of a lamellar (L(alpha)) phase. The addition of an amphiphilic block copolymer to the ternary base system increases the efficiency of the microemulsion drastically while suppressing--at least partly--the formation of the L(alpha) phase. However, amphiphilic block copolymers can be used not only to suppress the formation of lyotropic liquid crystals but also for the opposite effect, namely, to induce their formation. To understand to what extent the increase in efficiency is accompanied by the formation of lyotropic liquid crystals, we studied phase diagrams of water-n-alkane-n-alkyl polyglycol ethers (C(i)E(j))-PEPX-PEOY at a constant volume fraction of oil in the water/oil mixture. Using polymers of the poly(ethylene propylene)-copoly(ethylene oxide) type, with M(PEP) = X kg mol(-1) and M(PEO) = Y kg mol(-1), we determined phase diagrams as a function of the polymer concentration, size, and symmetry. Moreover, the influence of a particular polymer mixture was studied, which turned out to be the best system if both a high efficiency and a low tendency to form an L(alpha) phase are needed.
Caenorhabditis elegansTeneurin,ten-1, Is Required for Gonadal and Pharyngeal Basement Membrane Integrity and Acts Redundantly with Integrinina-1and Dystroglycandgn-1 (2008)

The Caenorhabditis elegans teneurin ortholog, ten-1, plays an important role in gonad and pharynx development. We found that lack of TEN-1 does not affect germline proliferation but leads to local basement membrane deficiency and early gonad disruption. Teneurin is expressed in the somatic precursor cells of the gonad that appear to be crucial for gonad epithelialization and basement membrane integrity. Ten-1 null mutants also arrest as L1 larvae with malformed pharynges and disorganized pharyngeal basement membranes. The pleiotropic phenotype of ten-1 mutant worms is similar to defects found in basement membrane receptor mutants ina-1 and dgn-1 as well as in the mutants of the extracellular matrix component laminin, epi-1. We show that the ten-1 mutation is synthetic lethal with mutations of genes encoding basement membrane components and receptors due to pharyngeal or hypodermal defects. This indicates that TEN-1 could act redundantly with integrin INA-1, dystroglycan DGN-1, and laminin EPI-1 in C. elegans development. Moreover, ten-1 deletion sensitizes worms to loss of nidogen nid-1 causing a pharynx unattached phenotype in ten-1;nid-1 double mutants. We conclude that TEN-1 is important for basement membrane maintenance and/or adhesion in particular organs and affects the function of somatic gonad precursor cells.
Linkability in Activity Inference Data Sets (2008)

Activity inference is an active area of ubiquitous computing research. By training machine learning algorithms on data from sensors worn by volunteers, researchers hope to develop software that can interact more naturally with the user by inferring what the user is doing. In this thesis, we use the same sensor data to infer which volunteer is carrying the sensors. Such inference could be useful – for example, a mobile device might infer who is carrying it and adapt to that user’s preferences. It also raises some privacy concerns, since an attacker could learn more about a user by linking together several sensor traces from the same user. We develop a model to differentiate users based on their sensor data, and examine its accuracy as well as the potential benefits and pitfalls.
Knightian Auctions (2011)

We study single-good auctions in a setting where each player knows his own valuation only within a constant multiplicative factor \delta{} in (0,1), and the mechanism designer knows \delta. The classical notions of implementation in dominant strategies and implementation in undominated strategies are naturally extended to this setting, but their power is vastly different. On the negative side, we prove that no dominant-strategy mechanism can guarantee social welfare that is significantly better than that achievable by assigning the good to a random player. On the positive side, we provide tight upper and lower bounds for the fraction of the maximum social welfare achievable in undominated strategies, whether deterministically or probabilistically.
IL-1 Inhibition and Vascular Function in CKD (2016)

Vascular endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD who exhibit chronic systemic inflammation. Because chronic inflammation contributes to vascular dysfunction, blocking inflammation may reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD. In a two-site, double-blind trial, we randomized 42 adult patients with stage 3-4 CKD who were already receiving optimal background therapy to receive either IL-1 trap rilonacept or placebo for 12 weeks. Coprimary end points included change in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD<sub>BA</sub>) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV) after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Exploratory end points included change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), FMD<sub>BA</sub> after acute ascorbic acid infusion, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression of NADPH oxidase. Participants were 63±11 (mean±SD) years of age and 24% were women; mean eGFR was 38±13 ml/min per 1.73 m<sup>2</sup> Compared with placebo, rilonacept improved FMD<sub>BA</sub> (baseline: 3.36%±2.06% [mean±SD], 12 weeks: 2.45%±2.29% with placebo and baseline: 3.75%±3.12%, 12 weeks: 4.86%±3.20% with rilonacept; <i>P</i><0.01), without changing aPWV (<i>P</i>=0.56). Rilonacept also reduced hsCRP levels (median [interquartile range]) (baseline: 4.60 [1.90-8.22] mg/L, 12 weeks: 2.16 [0.92-7.38] mg/L; <i>P</i><0.01) and endothelial cell NADPH oxidase expression (<i>P</i><0.05). Acute infusion of ascorbic acid to inhibit superoxide production associated with a nonsignificant trend toward increased FMD<sub>BA</sub> in the placebo group (<i>P</i>=0.07) but not the rilonacept group (<i>P</i>=0.56). Rilonacept was well tolerated (five adverse events versus two with placebo). In conclusion, treatment with an IL-1 trap improved FMD<sub>BA</sub> without changing aPWV and reduced systemic inflammation in patients with CKD.
Maximum likelihood image reconstruction from Fourier-offset data using the expectation-maximization algorithm (1991)

A maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the magnitude of a complex-valued image from measurements of its Fourier transform in a limited region offset from the origin is derived under the assumption of independent, uniformly distributed image phase samples. The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is employed to solve the resulting nonlinear maximum likelihood equation, and it yields a computationally efficient iterative estimator. Reconstructions from this algorithm contain significantly more energy than conventional reconstructions, but with only slightly improved reconstruction quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Benchmarking First-Principles Reaction Equilibrium Composition Prediction (2023)

The availability of thermochemical properties allows for the prediction of the equilibrium compositions of chemical reactions. The accurate prediction of these can be crucial for the design of new chemical synthesis routes. However, for new processes, these data are generally not completely available. A solution is the use of thermochemistry calculated from first-principles methods such as Density Functional Theory (DFT). Before this can be used reliably, it needs to be systematically benchmarked. Although various studies have examined the accuracy of DFT from an energetic point of view, few studies have considered its accuracy in predicting the temperature-dependent equilibrium composition. In this work, we collected 117 molecules for which experimental thermochemical data were available. From these, we constructed 2648 reactions. These experimentally constructed reactions were then benchmarked against DFT for 6 exchange-correlation functionals and 3 quality of basis sets. We show that, in reactions that do not show temperature dependence in the equilibrium composition below 1000 K, over 90% are predicted correctly. Temperature-dependent equilibrium compositions typically demonstrate correct qualitative behavior. Lastly, we show that the errors are equally caused by errors in the vibrational spectrum and the DFT electronic ground state energy.
Time Reversal Focusing of Short Pulses (2007)

Time Reversal Acoustics (TRA) provides a way to focus ultrasound in space and time. Standard TRA focusing system produces tone burst signal with a frequency band lim- ited by the bandwidth of the transducer. For certain medical applications, both in therapy and imaging, a wider bandwidth is required. The goal of this study was to explore a possibility to generate shorter pulses less affected by the limited bandwidth of the transducers of the TRA focusing system. We proposed and tested a technique named impulse response (pIR) which provides significant extension of the TRA focusing system bandwidth. In addition, the suggested method leads to a decrease of the spatial side lobes and also facilitates the task of creating multiple ultrasound foci. Index Terms—Time reversal acoustic, focusing, short pulse, pseudo impulse response.
Photochemical dissociation of p-nitrobenzyl sulfonate esters via an intramolecular electron transfer (1992)

The photochemistry of p-nitrobenzyl sulfonate esters, p-nitrobenzyl 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (NDS) and p-nitrobenzyl pyrene-1-sulfonate (NPS) has been investigated by both steady-state and laser flash photolysis techniques. These sulfonates are photochemically dissociated to give the parent sulfonic acids. Quantum yields for photodissociation of NDS and NPS with excitation at 365 nm in degassed acetonitrile solution are 0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.16 ± 0.04, respectively. Photodissociation of these sulfonates is considered to proceed via an intramolecular electron transfer from the excited singlet state of the 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene or pyrene moiety to the p-nitrobenzyl moiety from the fact that the transient absorption bands at 390 and 550 nm due to the radical cation of the 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene moiety, 420 and 450 nm due to the radical cation of the pyrene moiety, and at 340 nm due to the radical anion of the p-nitrobenzyl moiety are detected in laser spectroscopy. Intramolecular-electron-transfer-induced bond cleavage is observed at the oxygen–carbon bond of these sulfonate esters, producing the organic strong acids. Although photodissociation of o-nitrobenzyl esters of carboxylic and sulfonic acids is known, that of p-nitrobenzyl esters has not been previously reported. From the mechanistic point of view, the photochemical behaviour of these p-nitrobenzyl sulfonate esters is quite different from that of o-nitrobenzyl esters. While the latter involves a photoinduced intramolecular rearrangement, the former involves a photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer.
#bias: Measuring the Tweeting Behavior of Propagandists (2021)

Twitter is an efficient conduit of information for millions of usersaround the world. Its ability to quickly spread information to a largenumber of people makes it an efficient way to shape information and,hence, shape public opinion. We study the tweeting behavior of Twitter propagandists, users who consistently expressthe same opinion or ideology, focusing on two online communities: the2010 Nevada senate race and the 2011 debt-ceiling debate. We identify several extreme tweeting patterns thatcould characterize users who spread propaganda: (1) sending high volumesof tweets over short periods of time, (2) retweeting whilepublishing little original content, (3) quickly retweeting, and (4) colluding with other, seeminglyunrelated, users to send duplicate or near-duplicate messages on thesame topic simultaneously. These four features appear to distinguishtweeters who spread propaganda from other more neutral users and could serve asstarting point for developing behavioral-based propaganda detection techniquesfor Twitter.
fib Bulletin 103. Guide for Strengthening of Concrete Structures (2022)

The idea of preparing a technical document for the repairs and interventions upon concrete structures goes back to the former fib COM 5: Structural Service Life Aspects, being the goal of the then TG 5.9. After a long period of reduced activity, and taking into account the reorganization of fib commissions that meanwhile took place, on June 2017 a different approach was proposed to push forward the task of TG 8.1 (formerly TG 5.9).<br/><br/>The (new) goal of TG 8.1 was to deliver a ‘how-to-do’ guide, gathering together protection, repair, and strengthening techniques for concrete structures. Chapters are intended to provide both guidelines and case-studies, serving as support to the application of fib MC 2020 pre-normative specifications.<br/><br/>Each chapter was written by an editorial team comprising desirably at least a researcher, a designer and a contractor. Templates have been prepared in order to harmonize the contents and the presentation of the different methods. Following the writing process, chapters were reviewed by experts and, after amendments by the authors, they underwent a second review process by COM 8 and TG 3.4 members, as well as by different practitioners.<br/><br/>For each protection, repair and strengthening method addressed in this guide, readers have a description of when to adopt it, which materials and systems are required, which techniques are available, and what kind of equipment is needed. It then presents a summary of stakeholders’ roles and qualifications, design guidelines referring to most relevant codes and references, the intervention procedure, quality control measures and monitoring and maintenance activities. Due to the extent of the guide, it was decided to publish it as bulletin 102, addressing protection and repair methods, and bulletin 103, addressing strengthening methods.<br/><br/>We would like to thank the authors, reviewers and members of COM 8 and TG 3.4 for their work in developing this fib Bulletin, which we hope will be useful for professionals working in the field of existing concrete structures, especially those concerned with life-cycle management and conservation activities.<br/><br/>As noted above, this Bulletin is also intended to act as a background and supporting document to the next edition of the fib Model Code for Concrete Structures, which is currently under development under the auspices of TG10.1 with the working title of ‘fib Model Code 2020’.<br/><br/>Eduardo Júlio and Eduardo Cavaco
Quantification of convection-enhanced delivery to the ischemic brain (2010)

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) could have clinical application in the delivery of neuroprotective agents following ischemic stroke. However, ischemic brain tissue changes such as cytotoxic edema, in which cellular swelling decreases the fractional volume of the extracellular space, would be expected to significantly alter the distribution of neuroprotective agents delivered by CED. We sought to predict and characterize these effects using the magnetic resonance contrast agent gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) as a model therapeutic agent. CED was observed using MRI in a normal rat brain and in a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion rat model of brain ischemia. Gd-DTPA was infused to the caudate putamen in the normal rat (n = 6) and MCA occlusion model (n = 6). In each rat, baseline apparent diffusion coefficient images were acquired prior to infusion, and T1 maps were then acquired 13 times throughout the duration of the experiment. These T1 maps were used to compute Gd-DTPA concentrations throughout each brain. In the MCA occlusion group, CED delivered Gd-DTPA to a comparatively larger volume with lower average tissue concentrations. Following the infusion, the total content of Gd-DTPA decreased more slowly in the MCA occlusion group than in the normal group. This quantitative characterization confirms that edematous ischemic tissue changes alter the distribution of agents by CED. These findings may have important implications for CED in the treatment of brain injury, and will assist in future efforts to model the distribution of therapeutic agents.
Nanogrid rolling circle DNA sequencing (2023)

The present invention relates to methods for sequencing a polynucleotide immobilized on an array having a plurality of specific regions each having a defined diameter size, including synthesizing a concatemer of a polynucleotide by rolling circle amplification, wherein the concatemer has a cross-sectional diameter greater than the diameter of a specific region, immobilizing the concatemer to the specific region to make an immobilized concatemer, and sequencing the immobilized concatemer.
Novel carbons from Illinois coal for natural gas storage. Technical report, September 1--November 30, 1994 (1994)

The goal of this project is to develop a technology for producing microengineered adsorbent carbons from Illinois coal and to evaluate the potential application of these novel materials for storing natural gas for use in emerging low pressure, natural gas vehicles (NGV). Potentially, about two million tons of adsorbent could be consumed in natural gas vehicles by year 2000. If successful, the results obtained in this project could lead to the use of Illinois coal in a growing and profitable market that could exceed 6 million tons per year. During this reporting period, a pyrolysis-gasification reactor system was designed and assembled. Four carbon samples were produced from a {minus}20+100 mesh size fraction of an Illinois Basin Coal (IBC-106) using a three-step process. The three steps were: coal oxidation in air at 250 C, oxicoal (oxidized coal) devolatilization in nitrogen at 425 C and char gasification in 50% steam-50% nitrogen at 860 C. These initial tests were designed to evaluate the effects of pre-oxidation on the surface properties of carbon products, and to determine optimum reaction time and process conditions to produce an activated carbon with high surface area. Nitrogen-BET surface areas of the carbon products ranged from 700--800 m{sup 2}/g. Work is in progress to further optimize reaction conditions in order to produce carbons with higher surface areas. A few screening tests were made with a pressurized thermogravimetric (PTGA) to evaluate the suitability of this instrument for obtaining methane adsorption isotherms at ambient temperature and pressures ranging from one to 30 atmospheres. The preliminary results indicate that PTGA can be used for both the adsorption kinetic and equilibrium studies.
High-performance, externally modulated analog fiber-optic links (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. H. Cox III, G. E. Betts, and L. M. Johnson, "High-performance, externally modulated analog fiber-optic links," Optics News 15(12), 43-44 (1989) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Efficient Handling of Small Data Transmission for RRC Inactive UEs in 5G Networks (2021)

Small Data Transmission (SDT) in RRC Inactive state is one of the new features being introduced in 3GPP Release 17 for 5G NR. It enables UEs in RRC Inactive state to transmit infrequent and small data without requiring an RRC state transition. In this paper, we study the envisioned SDT solutions, namely RACH-based SDT and CG-based SDT. We evaluate their performance in terms of packet delay, UE power consumption, signaling overhead and physical resource efficiency. Results show that all SDT solutions bring attractive gains as compared to the conventional data transfer after the RRC connection resume. Particularly, CG-based SDT solution achieves the highest gains with 73% in UE power efficiency and 85% in latency reduction. It enables to reduce the signaling overhead and to save the physical resource usage by 78%. We further analyse the performance sensitivity to the payload size, the traffic arrival rate and the UE mobility pattern.