gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The digital bidirectional function as a hardware security primitive: Architecture and applications (2015)

Security and low power have emerged to become two essential requirements to modern design. In this paper, we have proposed a new hardware security primitive: digital bidirectional function (DBF) designed on FPGA to meet both criteria. The DBF has two forms of functions and implements two mappings of opposite directions. The DBF can be easily implemented using hierarchical lookup-table (LUT) structures with low delay and power overhead. In terms of applications, we demonstrate how DBF is applied in the protocol of secure message transfer and compare its power/bandwidth consumption with other cryptographic approaches. Our results indicate that the energy consumption of DBF outperforms the traditional ciphers by averagely two to three orders of magnitude.
Differential effects of various pharmacological agents on the cytolytic reaction mechanism of the human natural killer lymphocyte: further resolution of programming for lysis and KCIL into discrete stages. (1982)

Abstract Various pharmacologic agents were studied for their effects on the overall cytolytic reaction of human NK cytolysis. Binding to the NK-sensitive targets Molt-4 or K652 was inhibited by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the reducing agent 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME), and media devoid of Mg++ but not Ca++. Initiation of the post binding cytolytic events as tested by a Ca++ pulse method was inhibited by PGE2, cAMP, lidocaine, reducing agents; media devoid of Ca++ (EGTA, Ca++-free media); and a Ca++ channel blocker, verapamil. Inhibition of programming by these reagents was not due to dissociation of bound NK target conjugates before the time in which programming was completed, and all reagents were nontoxic to the PBL or targets and were fully reversible. Furthermore, kinetic experiments performed by adding the pharmacologic agents at various times after Ca++ pulsing indicated that NK programming could be resolved into two phases (early and late). The early (Ca++ dependent) programming events were inhibited by EDTA, cAMP, lidocaine, and verapamil. Later events (Ca++ independent) were blocked only by 2ME and PGE2. However, only PGE2 blocked NK lysis when added at the killer cell independent step. Thus, the inhibitory effect of 2 ME defines a stage in the NK cell-programming events that are Ca++ independent. These findings also suggest that the availability of extracellular Ca++ ions for flux into the NK cells is a requisite step for initiation of programming for lysis and meet the minimum requirements for a stimulus-secretion model as a mechanism of cytolysis. Furthermore, the use of these pharmacologic agents defines stages of the NK lytic process in addition to those classically described for CTL killing. The use of these various pharmacologic probes to understand the cellular and molecular events responsible for each phase of the NK lytic cycle is discussed.
AG490 inhibits G1-S traverse in BALB/c-3T3 cells following either mitogenic stimulation or exogenous expression of E2F-1 (2004)

AG490, a member of the tryphostin family of protein kinase inhibitors, repressed G(0)-G(1) traverse in BALB/c-3T3 cells. While the early induction of STAT activity was repressed by AG490, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation was unaffected and a pattern of gene expression suggested that cells exited G(0) in the presence of the inhibitor. Although AG490 did not alter the induction of cyclin D1 protein, neither cyclin D1- nor cyclin D3-associated kinase activity was observed in growth-inhibited cells. Surprisingly, p130 was partially phosphorylated, and E2F3A protein was expressed in mitogen-stimulated AG490-treated cells despite the lack of cyclin D-associated kinase activity. These data suggest that AG490 inhibits a cellular pathway required for mid-G(0)-G(1) traverse that is located after the induction of early processes potentially mediated by E2F (although independent of cyclin D-associated kinase activity) but before the late G(1) increase in E2F-dependent transcription. Infection of AG490-treated cells with an E2F-1 adenovirus caused the induction of cyclin A, but could not overcome the drug-induced cell cycle arrest that was coincident with the repression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2)-associated kinase activation. We conclude that cdk2-associated kinase activity is modulated by a cellular process repressed by AG490. Furthermore, this cdk2-associated kinase activity is required for G(0)-G(1) traverse in some role other than the regulation of E2F-dependent transcription.
On MAC Layer Throughput Enhancements in LTE-A by Downlink Macro Diversity (2009)

Coordinated transmission between base stations is one of the techniques under investigation to further improve the system performance of E-UTRA. In general, such a coordination, sometimes also called network MIMO, requires a large amount of signaling between cells. A relatively simple scheme for cell coordination is macro diversity. In this paper we consider macro diversity for the downlink direction of LTE-Advanced as a means to improve cell edge user throughput. We investigate the frequency-selectivity gains offered by over the air combining for different radio channels at link level. The impact on cell throughput as well as on user throughput for mobiles operated in macro diversity mode and for legacy mobile stations is investigated by means of system level simulations. Additionally, open issues related to network coordination are identified for future work.
Reliable State Machines: A Framework for Programming Reliable Cloud Services (2019)

Building reliable applications for the cloud is challenging because of unpredictable failures during a program’s execution. This paper presents a programming framework, called Reliable State Machines (RSMs), that offers fault-tolerance by construction. In our framework, an application comprises several (possibly distributed) RSMs that communicate with each other via messages, much in the style of actor-based programming. Each RSM is fault-tolerant by design, thereby offering the illusion of being "always-alive". An RSM is guaranteed to process each input request exactly once, as one would expect in a failure-free environment. The RSM runtime automatically takes care of persisting state and rehydrating it on a failover. We present the core syntax and semantics of RSMs, along with a formal proof of failure-transparency. We provide a .NET implementation of the RSM framework for deploying services to Microsoft Azure. We carry out an extensive performance evaluation on micro-benchmarks to show that one can build high-throughput applications with RSMs. We also present a case study where we rewrite a significant part of a production cloud service using RSMs. The resulting service has simpler code and exhibits production-grade performance.
ChemInform Abstract: DIASTEREOFACE SELECTION IN THE INOC REACTION (1982)

Abstract Lithium‐dipropenylcuprat reagiert mit Ethylidenmalonsäurediethylester (II) zu einem Addukt (III), das zu (IV) hydrolysiert und decarboxyliert wird.
Substrate Specificity and Engineering of Mevalonate 5-Phosphate Decarboxylase (2019)

A bifurcation of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway was recently discovered in bacteria of the Chloroflexi phylum. In this alternative route for the biosynthesis of isopentenylpyrophosphate (IPP), the penultimate step is the decarboxylation of (R)-mevalonate 5-phosphate ((R)-MVAP) to isopentenyl phosphate (IP), which is followed by the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of IP to IPP catalyzed by isopentenyl phosphate kinase (IPK). Notably, the decarboxylation reaction is catalyzed by mevalonate 5-phosphate decarboxylase (MPD), which shares considerable sequence similarity with mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDD) of the classical MVA pathway. We show that an enzyme originally annotated as an MDD from the Chloroflexi bacterium Anaerolinea thermophila possesses equal catalytic efficiency for (R)-MVAP and (R)-mevalonate 5-diphosphate ((R)-MVAPP). Further, the molecular basis for this dual specificity is revealed by near atomic-resolution X-ray crystal structures of A. thermophila MPD/MDD bound to (R)-MVAP or (R)-MVAPP. These findings, when combined with sequence and structural comparisons of this bacterial enzyme, functional MDDs, and several putative MPDs, delineate key active-site residues that confer substrate specificity and functionally distinguish MPD and MDD enzyme classes. Extensive sequence analyses identified functional MPDs in the halobacteria class of archaea that had been annotated as MDDs. Finally, no eukaryotic MPD candidates were identified, suggesting the absence of the alternative MVA (altMVA) pathway in all eukaryotes, including, paradoxically, plants, which universally encode a structural and functional homologue of IPK. Additionally, we have developed a viable engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an in vivo metabolic model and a synthetic biology platform for enzyme engineering and terpene biosynthesis in which the classical MVA pathway has been replaced with the altMVA pathway.
In situ bioprinting of skin for reconstruction (2012)

Albanna, Mohammad Z. PhD; Murphy, Sean PhD; Zhao, Weixin MD; El-Amin, Idris B. DVM; Tan, Josh MS; Dice, Dennis D. MS; Kang, Hyun-Wook PhD; Jackson, John D. PhD; Yoo, James J. MD, PhD; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS Author Information
Penetration of Fluoride into Natural Plaque Biofilms (2005)

Caries occurs at inaccessible stagnation sites where plaque removal is difficult. Here, the penetration through plaque of protective components, such as fluoride, is likely to be crucial in caries inhibition. We hypothesized that topically applied fluoride would readily penetrate such plaque deposits. In this study, plaque biofilms generated in vivo on natural enamel surfaces were exposed to NaF (1000 ppm F-) for 30 or 120 sec (equivalent to toothbrushing) or for 30 min. Biofilms were then sectioned throughout their depth, and the fluoride content of each section was determined with the use of a fluoride electrode. Exposure to NaF for 30 or 120 sec increased plaque fluoride concentrations near the saliva interface, while concentrations near the enamel surface remained low. Fluoride penetration increased with duration of NaF exposure. Removal of exogenous fluoride resulted in fluoride loss and redistribution. Penetration of fluoride into plaque biofilms during brief topical exposure is restricted, which may limit anti-caries efficacy.
PRECIPITATING ANTIBODY IN HUMAN SERUM TO AN ANTIGEN PRESENT IN CULTURED BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA CELLS (1966)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Generation of Mouse-Zebrafish Hematopoietic Tissue Chimeric Embryos for Hematopoiesis and Host-Pathogen Interaction Studies (2017)

ABSTRACT Xenografts of the hematopoietic system are extremely useful as disease models and for translational research. Zebrafish xenografts have been widely used to monitor blood cancer cell dissemination and homing due to the optical clarity of embryos and larvae, which allow unrestricted in vivo visualization of migratory events. To broaden the scope of xenotransplantation studies in zebrafish, we have developed a technique that transiently generates hematopoietic tissue chimeras by transplanting murine bone marrow cells into zebrafish blastulae. This procedure leads to mammalian cell integration into the fish developmental hematopoietic program. Monitoring zebrafish chimeras at different time points post fertilization using in vivo time-lapse and confocal imaging showed murine cell co-localization with developing primitive and definitive hematopoietic tissues, intravasation into fish circulation, and dynamic hematopoietic cell-vascular endothelial and hematopoietic cell-niche interactions. Immunohistochemistry assays performed in chimeric animals showed that, after engraftment, murine cells expressed antigens related to i) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, ii) active cell proliferation, and iii) myeloid cell lineages. Lastly, xenografted zebrafish larvae infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae showed murine immune cells trafficking to bacterial foci and interacting with bacterial cells. Overall, these results show that mammalian bone marrow cells xenografted in zebrafish integrate into the host hematopoietic system revealing highly conserved molecular mechanisms of hematopoiesis between zebrafish and mammals. In addition, this procedure introduces a useful and simple method that improves and broadens the scope of hematopoietic tissue xenotransplantation studies in zebrafish.
CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions with high TMR ratio and low junction resistance (2005)

A successful attempt in obtaining magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with resistance-area (RA) of 4.7 /spl Omega/m/sup 2/ and magneto-resistance (MR) ratio of about 150% at room temperature is reported, in MTJs using CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB. The MTJs consisting of Ta/CuN/Ta/Pt/sub 50/Mn/sub 50//Co/sub 70/Fe/sub 30//Ru/Co/sub 60/Fe/sub 20/B/sub 20//MgO (x nm)/Co/sub 60/Fe/sub 20/B/sub 20//Ta/Cu/Ta/Ru were prepared on a thermally oxidized silicon wafer using an ANELVA C-7100 sputtering system. All the metallic films were deposited by using dc magnetron method. The insulating MgO layer was deposited by rf sputtering directly from a sintered MgO target, and the thickness was varied from 6 to 24 /spl Aring/. After the film deposition, the MTJs were annealed at 360/spl deg/C for 2 hours in a magnetic field of 8 kOe. It was found that as MgO thickness decreases, RA decreases exponentially, but MR ratio remains constant of about 230% until around 12 /spl Aring/ and gradually decreases for MgO thickness below 12 /spl Aring/.
An Eye Tracking Based Virtual Reality System for Use Inside Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems (2021)

Abstract Patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) often experience anxiety and sometimes distress prior to and during scanning. Here a full MRI compatible virtual reality (VR) system is described and tested with the aim of creating a radically different experience. Potential benefits could accrue from the strong sense of immersion that can be created with VR, which could create sense experiences designed to avoid the perception of being enclosed and could also provide new modes of diversion and interaction that could make even lengthy MRI examinations much less challenging. Most current VR systems rely on head mounted displays combined with head motion tracking to achieve and maintain a visceral sense of a tangible virtual world, but this technology and approach encourages physical motion, which would be unacceptable and could be physically incompatible for MRI. The proposed VR system uses gaze tracking to control and interact with a virtual world. MRI compatible cameras are used to allow real time eye tracking and robust gaze tracking is achieved through an adaptive calibration strategy in which each successive VR interaction initiated by the subject updates the gaze estimation model. A dedicated VR framework has been developed including a rich virtual world and gaze-controlled game content. To aid in achieving immersive experiences physical sensations, including noise, vibration and proprioception associated with patient table movements, have been made congruent with the presented virtual scene. A live video link allows subject-carer interaction, projecting a supportive presence into the virtual world.
2,3,9,10‐Tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐Tetraazacyclo‐Tetradeca‐1,3,8,10‐Tetraene (2,3,9,10‐Me 4 [14]‐1,3,8,10‐Tetraene‐1,4,8,11‐N 4 ) Complexes (1978)

This chapter contains sections titled: (2,3,9,10-Tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10-tetraene)nickel(II)Perchlorate Bis(isothiocyanato)(2,3,9,10-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10-tetraene)nickel(II) Dibromo(2,3,9,10-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,3,8,10-tetraene)cobalt(III)Bromide
Experimental investigation and analysis of the operation characteristics of a planar Cs–Ba tacitron (1994)

The experimentally measured modulation characteristics of a planar Cs–Ba plasma switch (tacitron) are presented and discussed. Tests are performed that focus on characterizing the operation capabilities of a planar Cs–Ba tacitron. Results show that the operation characteristics of the device are independent of geometry (cylindrical or planar). The forward voltage drop decreases as either the grid-collector (GC) gap size and/or the Cs pressure increases. Also, stable current modulation is easier to sustain when the grid is placed closer to the collector, at the expense of increasing the forward voltage drop across the device.
Destabilization of steroid receptors by heat shock protein 90-binding drugs: a ligand-independent approach to hormonal therapy of breast cancer. (2001)

Steroid hormone receptors have become an important target in the management of breast cancers. Despite a good initial response rate, however, most tumors become refractory to current hormonal therapies within a year of starting treatment. To address this problem, we evaluated the effects of agents that bind the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) on estrogen receptor function in breast cancer. Unstimulated estrogen and progesterone receptors exist as multimolecular complexes consisting of the hormone-binding protein itself and several essential molecular chaperones including Hsp90. We found that interaction of the Hsp90-binding drugs geldanamycin and radicicol with the chaperone destabilizes these hormone receptors in a ligand-independent manner, leading to profound and prolonged depletion of their levels in breast cancer cells cultured in vitro. Consistent with these findings, in vivo administration of the geldanamycin derivative 17-allylaminogeldanamycin (17AAG; NSC330507) to estrogen-supplemented, tumor-bearing SCID mice resulted in marked depletion of progesterone receptor levels in both uterus and tumor. Drug administration also delayed the growth of established, hormone-responsive MCF-7 and T47D human tumor xenografts for up to 3 weeks after the initiation of therapy. We conclude that in light of their novel mechanism of anti-hormone action, consideration should be given to examining the activity of 17AAG and other Hsp90-binding agents in patients with refractory breast cancer in future clinical trials, either alone or in combination with conventional hormone antagonists.
Impact of spectral versus broadband albedo on bifacial silicon heterojunction photovoltaic devices across North America (Conference Presentation) (2023)

The effects of spectral albedo on bifacial silicon heterojunction photovoltaic cell performance is explored in six locations in North America using an optoelectronic drift-diffusion model. We model seven spectral albedos using the scaled rear irradiance method and compare to broadband values. Cell performance varies geographically, with the maximum efficiency of 22.6% calculated for Cambridge Bay (69°N) with snow ground cover, and maximum output power of 216 W/m2 for Mexico City (20°N) with white sand. Neglecting spectral effects of albedo can under or over-estimate power by >2%, which can significantly impact system-level energy yield.
Identification of catecholamines in the immune system by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1998)

The first evidence that catecholamines might be present in the immune system was provided by capillary electrophoresis combined with electrochemical detection. Here, we present the first structural characterization of the endogenous catecholamines isolated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Dopamine, L-DOPA and norepinephrine were detected and were identified with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry by determination of the protonated molecular species of each catecholamine and their major fragments generated in the electrospray source with a nozzle–skimmer voltage method. This technique, in conjunction with accurate mass measurement, allowed us to identify in an unfractionated sample the content of catecholamines in extracted cells in a quantitative manner, with structure-specific methodology. The data unambiguously confirm our previous tentative findings, and also strengthen the importance of the regulatory function of catecholamines in the immune system and the existence of an autocrine loop, where lymphocytes may down-regulate their own activity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the Solution-Processed a-SnOX and HfO2 Interface for Applications in Thin-Film Transistors (2021)

Indium gallium zinc oxide is an amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) which has been regarded as a substitute for hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Other AOSs have been investigated but have needed multiple cations to reach high mobilities. Nonetheless, amorphous tin oxide (a-SnOx) has demonstrated thin-film transistors (TFTs) with high mobility. Here, we analyze the impact of the interface between the HfO2 dielectric and the tin oxide active layer on the performances of the TFTs. By analysis of electrical (through TFT devices) and chemical (through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements) properties and using technology computer-aided design, we can understand the origin of the high field-effect mobility (>90 cm2/V s). From the low contact and channel resistances and the large carrier concentration (∼1019 cm–3) to the large conduction band offset (2.59 eV) and the low exponentially distributed conduction band tail state (NTA) of 2.3 × 1019 cm–3 eV–1, the origin of the high performance has been investigated in depth.
Intoxicated speech detection by fusion of speaker normalized hierarchical features and GMM supervectors (2011)

Speaker state recognition is a challenging problem due to speaker and context variability. Intoxication detection is an important area of paralinguistic speech research with potential real-world applications. In this work, we build upon a base set of various static acoustic features by proposing the combination of several different methods for this learning task. The methods include extracting hierarchical acoustic features, performing iterative speaker normalization, and using a set of GMM supervectors. We obtain an optimal unweighted recall for intoxication recognition using score-level fusion of these subsystems. Unweighted average recall performance is 70.54% on the test set, an improvement of 4.64% absolute (7.04% relative) over the baseline model accuracy of 65.9%. Index Terms: intoxication detection, speaker state, hierarchical features, speaker normalization, GMM supervectors