gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases (WS-085) (2010)

The role of iNOS in allergic airway inflammation remains elusive. We tested the hypothesis that iNOS plays different roles during acute vs. chronic airway inflammation. An acute (single exposure) and chronic (repeated exposures) mouse models of ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation were used to conduct the study. We showed that iNOS deletion was associated with a reduction in eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and IL-13 production upon the acute protocol. Such protection was completely abolished upon the chronic protocol. Interestingly, pulmonary fibrosis observed in WT mice under the chronic protocol was completely absent in iNOS 2/2 mice despite persistent IL-13 production, suggesting that the cytokine was insufficient for pulmonary fibrosis. Such protection was associated with reduced collagen synthesis and indirect but severe TGF-b modulation as confirmed using primary lung smooth muscle cells (LSMCs). Although activation of MMP-2/-9 exhibited little change, the large TIMP-2 increase detected in WT mice was absent in the iNOS 2/2 counterparts. The regulatory effect of iNOS on TIMP-2 may be mediated directly by peroxynitrite, as the latter reversed TIMP-2 expression in iNOS 2/ 2 LSMCs, suggesting that the iNOS-TIMP-2 link may explain the protective effect of iNOS knock-down against pulmonary fibrosis. Analysis of lung sections from chronically ovalbumin exposed iNOS 2/2 mice revealed evidence of residual but significant protein nitration, prevalent oxidative-DNA damage, and PARP-1 activation. Such tissue damage, inflammatory-cell-recruitment, and mucus hyper-secretion may be associated with substantial arginase expression and activity. The herein results exemplify the complexity of the role of iNOS in asthma and the preservation of its potential as a therapeutic target.
ATSC data broadcast services: protocols, application signaling, buffer models, profiles and levels (2003)

The ATSC T3 S13 Working Group on Data Broadcast Services is about to release its Version 1.0 specification. The purpose of the paper is to provide a description of the most important principles making up the specification. More specifically, four components are presented: a collection of uni-directional delivery protocols; a DSM-CC-based application signaling framework; an MPEG-2 transport buffer model and finally; a profile and level-based classification of data services. The functionality provided by each of these components is reviewed.
Measuring mRNA Decay with Roadblock‐qPCR (2022)

The control of mRNA stability is fundamental to gene regulation, and a deeper understanding of this post-transcriptional regulatory step can provide key insights into gene function. Measuring mRNA half-lives directly, however, is challenging. The most common strategies for evaluating mRNA stability and decay involve blocking general transcription and then measuring the decline in mRNA levels over time. The downside of these approaches, however, is that they severely impact cell function and viability, indirectly perturbing gene expression. Here, we describe Roadblock-qPCR, a simple method for measuring mRNA decay kinetics in living cells that is both economical and quick. Cells are first incubated with the nucleoside analog 4-thiouridine (4sU), which is readily incorporated into nascent mRNAs during transcription. RNA is then extracted and treated with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a sulfhydryl alkylating agent that selectively modifies 4sU, before proceeding to cDNA synthesis. Because the NEM-modified 4sU creates a chemical "roadblock" that interferes with reverse transcription, this treatment ultimately results in the depletion of the nascent 4sU-containing transcripts from the cDNA pool. As such, the decay rate of the non-4sU-labeled pre-existing mRNAs can be monitored by quantitative PCR (qPCR). In combination with spike-in standards, this approach can be used to efficiently and accurately measure the half-lives of endogenous mRNAs with a wide range of stabilities, while avoiding the artifacts of transcription shutoff strategies. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Roadblock-qPCR Support Protocol: Synthesis of spike-in mRNA.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Manganese Oxide for Supercapacitors (2016)

Nanostructured manganese oxides were synthesized by a sol-gel method using manganese acetate (MnAc2) and citric acid (C6H8O7,) as precursors, and characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The nano-rod structure of MnO2 developed gradually when the calcination temperature varied from 380 to 580 degrees C. As the pH increased, the pore size increased, while the specific surface area decreased. The effects of the pH and calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of the nano-MnO2 electrode, including the supercapacitive behavior, were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. The tests were performed between 0 and 0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte at various scan rates (10-200 mVs(-1)). The specific capacitance of the SP-380 sample, prepared at pH 6, was equal to 269.3 Fg(-1). After 300 cycles, approximately a 3.4% increase of the specific capacitance was measured, confirming the excellent cyclability.
Synthesis and biological activity of LH-RH analogs modified at the carboxyl terminus (1975)

Des(Pro9,Gly10)-LH-RH ethylamide, des(Pro9,Gly10)-LH-RH butylamide, desGly10-LH-RH 2-aminoethylamide, and desGly10-LH-RH hydrazide were synthesized by a solid-phase method involving cleavage of protected peptide intermediates from their resin support by reaction with ethylamine, butylamine, ethylenediamine, and hydrazine, respectively. In the assay utilizing steroid pretreated, ovariectomized rats, the peptides were found to have the following LH-releasing activities when compared with natural LH-RH: ethylamide, 0.2%; butylamide, 0,1%; 2-aminoethylamide, 2.4%; hydrazide, 12%. DesGly10-LH-RH hydrazide was used as a precursor in the synthesis of desGly10-LH-RH allylamide and desGly10-LH-RH propargylamide by conversion to the azide and reaction with allylamine and propargylamine, respectively. LH and FSH levels were measured over a 4-hr period after subcutaneous injection of these two peptides into immature male rats in order to detect any prolongation of activity. The allylamide analog was quite active, releasing 1.7 times more LH and 1.3 times more FSH than the same dose of LH-RH. The propargylamide analog was considerably less active, exhibiting 50% LH-releasing activity and 64% FSH-releasing activity. Neither peptide appeared to be longer acting than LH-RH.
Ferroelectrics: Enhanced Ferroelectric Property of P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE) Film Using Room‐Temperature Crystallization for High‐Performance Ferroelectric Device Applications (Adv. Electron. Mater. 10/2016) (2016)

Enhanced ferroelectricity in P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) film is attained by using a solvent annealing method that is a facile, reproducible, and room temperature approach to obtain an irreversible phase transition from the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase, as described by Y. Cho et al. in article number 1600225. With this ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) film, applications in ferroelectric memory and mechanical energy harvesting are demonstrated with significantly enhanced device performance.
Performance Analysis of Sign-Based Pre-FFT Synchronization in OFDM Systems (2010)

This paper treats the feasibility to use only the sign bit of the in-phase and quadrature components when estimating time and frequency in OFDM systems. Using only the sign bit is shown to result in a frequency dependent bias, which can be easily compensated. The approach is evaluated for LTE and DVB-H, when the estimation is performed using the cyclic prefix, and for WLAN 802.11g, when the estimation is done using the short training field (STF). The performance is compared to a floating point implementation, and it is also compared to what is believed to be reasonable requirements for initial time and frequency estimation.
Toward hybrid position/force control for an active handheld micromanipulator (2014)

Vitreoretinal microsurgery requires precise hand-eye coordination to manipulate delicate structures within the eye on the order of tens of microns. To achieve these tasks, surgeons use tools of diameter 0.9 mm or less to access the eye's interior structures. The level of force required during these manipulations is often below the human tactile threshold, requiring the surgeon to rely on subtle visual cues or to apply larger forces above the tactile threshold for feedback. However, both of these methods can lead to tissue damage. Excursions can be made into tissues which are not felt by the surgeon, while larger forces have a higher chance of damaging tissue within the eye. To prevent damage to the retina and other anatomy, we present the implementation of hybrid position/force control operating in the sub-tactile force range for a handheld robotic system. This approach resulted in a 42% reduction in the mean force and 52% reduction in maximum force during peeling tasks.
Adaptive modulation using orthogonal STBC in MIMO Nakagami fading channels (2005)

Orthogonal space-time block coding (STBC) provides a full diversity gain over the MIMO fading channel while allowing simple linear decoding at the receiver. We consider adaptive modulation (AM) using STBC in the presence of Nakagami fading. For this type of fading channel, we first derive the outage and Shannon (ergodic) capacities of the STBC diversity scheme. We then assess the performance of AM using M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) in terms of three metrics, namely, the outage probability, the average bit error rate (BER), and the average spectral efficiency. As a reference point, we also derive the average BER for nonadaptive binary phase shift keying (BPSK) used in conjunction with STBC. It is shown that AM allows the Shannon capacity of STBC to be approached and yields a significant performance enhancement compared to fixed modulation schemes.
<title>Improved network convergence and quality of service by strict priority queuing of routing traffic</title> (2002)

During the transient period after a link failure the network cannot guarantee the agreed service levels to user data. This is due to the fact that forwarding tables in the network are inconsistent. Moreover, link states can inadvertently be advertised wrong due to protocol time outs, which may result in persistent route flaps. Reducing the probability of wrongly advertised link states, and the time during which the forwarding tables are inconsistent, is therefore of eminent importance to provide consistent and high level QoS to user data. By queuing routing traffic in a queue with strict priority over all other (data) queues, i.e. assigning the highest priority in a Differentiated Services model, we were able to reduce the probability of routing data loss to almost zero, and reduce flooding times almost to their theoretical limit. The quality of service provided to user traffic was considerable higher than without the proposed modification. The scheme is independent of the routing protocol, and can be used with most differentiated service models. It is compatible with the current OSPF standard, and can be used in conjunction with other improvements in the protocol with similar objectives.
New equivalent model of quantizer with noisy input and its application for ADC resolution determination in an uplink MIMO receiver (2019)

When a quantizer input signal is the sum of the desired signal and input white noise, the quantization error is a function of total input signal. Our new equivalent model splits the quantization error into two components: a non-linear distortion (NLD) that is a function of only the desired part of input signal (without noise), and an equivalent out-put white noise. This separation is important because these two terms affect MIMO system performance differently. This paper introduces our model, and applies it to determine the minimal Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) resolution necessary to operate a conventional MIMO receiver with negligible performance degradation. We also provide numerical simulations to confirm the theory. Broad ramifications of our model are further demonstrated in two companion papers presenting low-complexity suppression of the NLD arising from insufficient ADC resolution, and a digital dithering that significantly reduces the MIMO transmitter Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) resolution requirement.
Effect of bending and torsional mode excitation on the reaction Cl+CH4→HCl+CH3 (2005)

A beam containing CH(4), Cl(2), and He is expanded into a vacuum chamber where CH(4) is prepared via infrared excitation in a combination band consisting of one quantum of excitation each in the bending and torsional modes (nu(2)+nu(4)). The reaction is initiated by fast Cl atoms generated by photolysis of Cl(2) at 355 nm, and the resulting CH(3) and HCl products are detected in a state-specific manner using resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). By comparing the relative amplitudes of the action spectra of Cl+CH(4)(nu(2)+nu(4)) and Cl+CH(4)(nu(3)) reactions, we determine that the nu(2)+nu(4) mode-driven reaction is at least 15% as reactive as the nu(3) (antisymmetric stretch) mode-driven reaction. The REMPI spectrum of the CH(3) products shows no propensity toward the formation of umbrella bend mode excited methyl radical, CH(3)(nu(2)=1), which is in sharp distinction to the theoretical expectation based on adiabatic correlations between CH(4) and CH(3). The rotational distribution of HCl(v=1) products from the Cl+CH(4)(nu(2)+nu(4)) reaction is hotter than the corresponding distribution from the Cl+CH(4)(nu(3)) reaction, even though the total energies of the two reactions are the same within 4%. An explanation for this enhanced rotational excitation of the HCl product from the Cl+CH(4)(nu(2)+nu(4)) reaction is offered in terms of the projection of the bending motion of the CH(4) reagent onto the rotational motion of the HCl product. The angular distributions of the HCl(nu=0) products from the Cl+CH(4)(nu(2)+nu(4)) reaction are backward scattered, which is in qualitative agreement with theoretical calculation. Overall, nonadiabatic product vibrational correlation and mode specificity of the reaction indicate that either the bending mode or the torsional mode or both modes are strongly coupled to the reaction coordinate.
Temperature‐dependent release of volatile organic compounds of eucalypts by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry (2009)

A method is described for the rapid identification of biogenic, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants, including the analysis of the temperature dependence of those emissions. Direct analysis in real time (DART) enabled ionization of VOCs from stem and leaf of several eucalyptus species including E. cinerea, E. citriodora, E. nicholii and E. sideroxylon. Plant tissues were placed directly in the gap between the DART ionization source skimmer and the capillary inlet of the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Temperature-dependent emission of VOCs was achieved by adjusting the temperature of the helium gas into the DART ionization source at 50, 100, 200 and 300 degrees C, which enabled direct evaporation of compounds, up to the onset of pyrolysis of plant fibres (i.e. cellulose and lignin). Accurate mass measurements facilitated by TOF mass spectrometry provided elemental compositions for the VOCs. A wide range of compounds was detected from simple organic compounds (i.e. methanol and acetone) to a series of monoterpenes (i.e. pinene, camphene, cymene, eucalyptol) common to many plant species, as well as several less abundant sesquiterpenes and flavonoids (i.e. naringenin, spathulenol, eucalyptin) with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The leaf and stem tissues for all four eucalypt species showed similar compounds. The relative abundances of methanol and ethanol were greater in stem wood than in leaf tissue suggesting that DART could be used to investigate the tissue-specific transport and emissions of VOCs.
Growth, Optical, and Scintillation Properties of (Gd0.4Lu0.6)8Sr2(SiO4)6O2 Crystals (2022)

Non-doped and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% Ce-doped (Gd 0.4 Lu 0.6 ) 8 Sr 2 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 crystals were prepared and their optical and scintillation properties were investigated. Their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the Ce-doped samples did not contain an impurity phase, whereas the non-doped one contained some impurity phases such as Gd 2 SiO 5 and Lu 2 SiO 5 . The emission due to 5d-4f transitions of Ce 3+ was observed at 380-650 nm in both the photoluminescence (PL) and scintillation spectra of the Ce-doped samples. The scintillation light yields (LYs) of the 0.5 and 1.0% Ce-doped samples under 241 Am -ray irradiation were ~230 and ~620 ph/5.5 MeV-, respectively.
A novel mycobacterial Hsp70-containing fusion protein targeting mesothelin augments antitumor immunity and prolongs survival in murine models of ovarian cancer and mesothelioma (2014)

This new cancer immunotherapy has the potential to be cost-effective and broadly applicable to tumors that overexpress mesothelin.
Differentiating the Risk of Bacterial Infections between Individual Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) Blockers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FDA AERS) (2012)

Purpose: Some observational studies have suggested a higher associated overall risk of development of infection with infliximab compared to adalimumab. We sought to clarify differences in the risk of bacterial infections between the three approved tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockers when used as monotherapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A total of 2,562,390 files for the period of January 2003 to June 2011 from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) were downloaded and analyzed using SPSS 20 (IBM Co. Armonk, NY, USA). Files were queried for bacterial (excluding mycobacterial) infection terms from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) such as “Meningitis staphylococcal”, “Enterobacter bacteremia”, and “Clostridium difficile sepsis” for the infliximab, adalimumab and certolizumab and control medications (5-aminosalicylic acid-containing drugs) as well as the various trade names. Only primary suspect (PS) reports were selected for the study and control drugs to identify infection reports filed primarily with these TNF-α blockers for an indication of IBD. Furthermore reports with concomitant medications that were either an immunomodulator or systemic-use corticosteroids were excluded. Additionally, four reaction terms - “syncope”, “hernia”, “deafness” and “vertigo” were selected as control reactions, predefined to have no association with the interest or control drugs. Odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of bacterial infections with the three TNF-α blockers, compared to the control drugs, were calculated with a Fischer's exact test using SPSS 20. Results: A total of 1,167 PS reports of bacterial infections were reported with adalimumab, 913 with infliximab and 624 with certolizumab. OR for risk of bacterial infection was non-significant for monotherapy with all three TNF-α blockers (Table 1). The infections were more likely to occur below the age of 65 years with certolizumab (93.1%), infliximab (90.8%), and adalimumab (90.2%). The majority of cases were in females, (69.4% with certolizumab, 67.4% with adalimumab and 55.9% with infliximab). No significant differences in median age were seen in the reports. Median age of infliximab cases was 39 years (range 12-72), 42 years for adalimumab (range 18-72) and 42 years for certolizumab (range 20-68).Table 1: Risk of bacterial infections with TNF-α blocker monotherapy in inflammatory bowel diseaseConclusion: Our study did not demonstrate differences in the risk of bacterial infections among the three currently approved TNF-α blockers for IBD - infliximab, adalimumab and certolizumab, when used as monotherapy.
Impact factor of JM<sup>3</sup> (2010)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Characterization of CD200 Ectodomain Shedding (2016)

We have previously reported the existence of a soluble form of CD200 (sCD200) in human plasma, and found sCD200 to be elevated in the plasma of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients. CLL cells release CD200 at a constitutive level, which could be attenuated partially by ADAM28 silencing. In this study, we further explored mechanisms of CD200 shedding beyond that of ADAM28, and performed biochemical analysis of sCD200 using materials derived from purified CLL cells and Hek293 cells stably transfected with CD200, and antibodies generated specifically against either the extracellular or cytoplasmic regions of CD200. CD200 shedding was enhanced by PMA stimulation, and the loss of cell surface CD200 could be monitored as a reduction in CD200 cell surface expression by flow cytometry, in parallel with an increase in the detection of sCD200 in the supernatant. Western blot analyses and functional studies using CD200R1 expressing Hek293 cells showed that the shed CD200 detected in CLL and Hek293-hCD200 supernatants lacked the cytoplasmic domain of CD200 but retained the functional extracellular domain required for binding to, and phosphorylation of, CD200R. These data confirms that a functionally active CD200 extracellular moiety can be cleaved from the surface of CD200 expressing cells following ectodomain shedding.
Development of Demand-Controlled Deep Brain Stimulation Techniques Based on Stochastic Phase Resetting (2003)

Stimulation techniques are discussed here which make it possible to effectively desynchronize a synchronized cluster of globally coupled phase oscillators in the presence of noise. To this end composite stimuli are used which consist of a first, stronger stimulus followed by a second, weaker stimulus after a constant time delay. The first stimulus controls the dynamics of the cluster by resetting it, whereas the second stimulus desynchronizes the cluster by hitting it in a vulnerable state. The first, resetting stimulus can be a strong single pulse, a high‐frequency pulse train or a low‐frequency pulse train. The cluster’s resynchronization can effectively be blocked by repeated administration of a composite stimulus. Demand controlled deep brain stimulation with these desynchronizing stimulation techniques is suggested for the therapy of patients suffering from tremor‐dominant Parkinson’s disease or essential tremor as a milder and more efficient therapy compared to the standard permanent high‐frequency deep brain stimulation.
Low-Temperature, Aqueous-Solution-Processed Zinc Tin Oxide Thin Film Transistor (2011)

We fabricate solution-processed zinc tin oxide (ZTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The solution used is prepared by precipitating metal hydroxide using NaOH and dissolving it using NH 4 OH. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the spin-coated ZTO film demonstrates an amorphous phase, and the atomic force microscopy (AFM) image shows a smooth surface. The device performance of solution-processed TFTs was analyzed as a function of annealing temperature. The fabricated TFTs were operated in the enhancement mode, and exhibited a carrier mobility of 3.03 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , a threshold voltage of 10.2 V, an on/off current ratio of 1.23×10 7 , a subthreshold slope of 0.78 V/decade, and high transparency (with ∼90% transmittance) at a low annealing temperature of 300 °C.