gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photochemical and Chemical Electron Transfer Reactions of Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentanes (Housanes) in Solution and in Zeolite Cavities (1996)

Photochemical electron transfer (PET) and chemical electron transfer (CET) studies have been conducted in solution and within zeolite cavities for the bicyclo[2.1.0]pentanes (2a−j), prepared by direct photolysis of the corresponding azoalkanes 1. The advantage of the CET oxidations is that they proceed catalytically in a clean manner to afford the rearranged cyclopentenes 3 in excellent yields. A complete reversal in the regioselectivity of the 1,2 migration has been observed for the unsymmetrical derivatives of bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane, namely 2b (methyl substitution) versus 2c,i (phenyl substitution). Both in solution and in the zeolite cavities, the less substituted cyclopentene 3b‘ is obtained for the methyl derivative 2b and the more substituted cyclopentenes 3c,i for the phenyl cases 2c,i. This unexpected fact is rationalized in terms of delocalization of the positive charge into the aromatic ring for the phenyl-substituted radical cation, as corroborated by AM1 calculations. Furthermore, the electron transfer results of stereolabeled housanes demonstrate that for the deuterium-labeled bridgehead dialkyl-substituted housane 2e(D) also the stereochemical memory effect operates. In contrast, for the methyl-labeled housanes anti- and syn-2h, exclusively hydrogen migration occurs. This differing behavior is interpreted in terms of facile ring inversion of the syn-2h•+ radical cation to the more stable anti isomer and subsequent preferential migration of the pseudo-axial hydrogen atom. Moreover, the heterogeneous PET chemistry of the bicyclopentanes 2 in the zeolites establishes convincingly that tailor-made, encapsulated electron transfer photosensitizers serve as effective electron acceptors on optical excitation. In spite of the inherent diffusion problems in such solid sensitizers, quite efficient PET activity is observed compared to that in the homogeneous phase. Unfortunately, the steric confinement imposed by the zeolite support is not sufficient for the small bicyclopentanes, which penetrate into the zeolite interior, to promote selective rearrangements of the radical cation intermediates.
Design of a Small Organic Template for the Synthesis of Self-Pillared Pentasil Zeolite Nanosheets (2022)

Zeolite nanosheets with excellent mass transfer are attractive, but their successful syntheses are normally resulted from a huge number of experiments. Here, we show the design of a small organic template for the synthesis of self-pillared pentasil (SPP) zeolite nanosheets from theoretical calculations in interaction energies between organic templates and pentasil zeolite skeletons. As expected, the SPP zeolite nanosheets with the thickness at 10-20 nm have been synthesized successfully. Characterizations show that the SPP zeolite nanosheets with about 90% MFI and 10% MEL structures have good crystallinity, the house-of-card morphology, large surface area, and fully four-coordinated aluminum species. More importantly, methanol-to-propylene tests show that the SPP zeolite nanosheets exhibit much higher propylene selectivity and longer reaction lifetime than conventional ZSM-5 zeolite. These results offer a good opportunity to develop highly efficient zeolite catalysts in the future.
Pharmacological AMPK activation induces transcriptional responses congruent to exercise in skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose tissues and liver (2019)

Physical activity promotes metabolic and cardiovascular health benefits that derive in part from the transcriptional responses to exercise that occur within skeletal muscle and other organs. There is interest in discovering a pharmacologic exercise mimetic that could imbue wellness and alleviate disease burden. However, the molecular physiology by which exercise signals the transcriptional response is highly complex, making it challenging to identify a single target for pharmacological mimicry. The current studies evaluated the transcriptome responses in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and white and brown adipose to novel small molecule activators of AMPK (pan-activators for all AMPK isoforms) compared to that of exercise. A striking level of congruence between exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation was observed across the induced transcriptome of these five tissues. However, differences in acute metabolic response between exercise and pharmacologic AMPK activation were observed, notably for acute glycogen balances and related to the energy expenditure induced by exercise but not pharmacologic AMPK activation. Nevertheless, intervention with repeated daily administration of short-acting activation of AMPK was found to mitigate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in four rodent models of metabolic disease and without the cardiac glycogen accretion noted with sustained pharmacologic AMPK activation. These findings affirm that activation of AMPK is a key node governing exercise mediated transcription and is an attractive target as an exercise mimetic.
A review of the available clinical therapies for vulvodynia management and new data implicating proinflammatory mediators in pain elicitation (2016)

Vulvodynia is a poorly understood, prevalent, and serious women's health issue requiring better understanding to improve therapy.
Supplementary Figure 1 from An Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature Predicts Resistance to EGFR and PI3K Inhibitors and Identifies Axl as a Therapeutic Target for Overcoming EGFR Inhibitor Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 167K, Different probes for the same gene vary within and across microarray platforms&lt;/p&gt;
Automatic design of colors for magazine covers (2013)

In the design of a magazine cover, making a set of decisions regarding the color distribution of the cover image and the colors of other graphical and textual elements is considered to be the concept of color design. This concept addresses a number of subjective challenges, specifically how to determine a set of colors that is aesthetically pleasing yet also contributes to the functionality of the design, the legibility of textual elements, and the stylistic consistency of the class of magazine. Our solution to automatic color design includes the quantification of these challenges by deploying a number of well-known color theories. These color theories span both color harmony and color semantics. The former includes a set of geometric structures that suggest which colors are in harmony together. The latter suggests a higher level of abstraction. Color semantics means to bridge sets of color combinations with color mood descriptors. For automatic design, we aim to deploy these two viewpoints by applying geometric structures for the design of text color and color semantics for the selection of cover images.
Electro-thermal tuning in a negative dielectric cholesteric liquid crystal material (2008)

The thermal and electrical tunability of a cholesteric liquid crystal containing a negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal in a planar alignment was studied. The physical, optical, and electro-optical characteristics of mixtures containing different ratios of chiral dopant S811 and the negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal ZLI-2806 were examined. A smectic A phase was seen at room temperature for S811 loadings &amp;gt;20wt%. Below 20%, a room temperature cholesteric phase was observed. Upon heating mixtures with composition S811 &amp;gt;20%, the selective reflection notch of the cholesteric phase appeared and blueshifted with temperature. Thermal tuning from 2300to500nm was observed over the temperature range of 23–55°C. Polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and x-ray studies were utilized to confirm the temperature-dependent phase behavior. Tuning of ∼50nm by the application of a direct current electric field was also observed with no onset of electrohydrodynamic instabilities for voltages up to ∼300V. Bandwidth broadening but not tuning was obtained with the application of alternating current fields. Electrical tuning is likely due to pitch contraction brought about through the annealing of defects.
Linear pre/post filters for DCT-based image coding systems (1998)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Bovine Mammary Microbiota: Potential Allies against Bovine Mastitis (2015)

Bovine mastitis is a costly disease in dairy cattle worldwide. As of yet, the control of bovine mastitis is mostly based on prevention by thorough hygienic procedures during milking. Additional strategies include vaccination and utilization of antibiotics. Despite these measures, mastitis is not fully under control, thus prompting the need for alternative strategies. The goal of this study was to isolate autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from bovine mammary microbiota that exhibit beneficial properties that could be used for mastitis prevention and/or treatment. Sampling of the teat canal led to the isolation of 165 isolates, among which a selection of ten non-redundant LAB strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Lactococcus were further characterized with regard to several properties: surface properties (hydrophobicity, autoaggregation); inhibition potential of three main mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus uberis; colonization capacities of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC); and immunomodulation properties. Three strains, Lactobacillus brevis 1595 and 1597 and Lactobacillus plantarum 1610, showed high colonization capacities and a medium surface hydrophobicity. These strains are good candidates to compete with pathogens for mammary gland colonization. Moreover, nine strains exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, as illustrated by the lower IL-8 secretion by E. coli-stimulated bMEC in the presence of these LAB. Full genome sequencing of five candidate strains allowed to check for undesirable genetic elements such as antibiotic resistance genes and to identify potential bacterial determinants involved in the beneficial properties. This large screening of beneficial properties while checking for undesirable genetic markers allowed the selection of promising candidate LAB strains from bovine mammary microbiota for the prevention and/or treatment of bovine mastitis.
Probing a divergent van Hove singularity of graphene with a Ca2N support: A layered electride as a solid-state dopant (2017)

Layered electrides, as typified by ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$, are unconventional quasi-two-dimensional metals with low work functions, in which the conduction electrons are localized between the cation layers as well as outside the surface. We have investigated the electronic structure of the interface between a layered electride and another material, using graphene on ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ as an example. Our first-principles calculation shows that a graphene layer on ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ remains flat and is doped to an extremely high density of $n=5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ with its Fermi level (${E}_{F}$) aligned with the logarithmically divergent van Hove singularity (VHS) at a saddle point of graphene's ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ band. This finding shows that graphene/${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ is an ideal testing ground for the exploration of the many-body ground states, most notably superconducting states ($p+ip$ wave, $d$ wave, and $f$ wave), predicted to appear when ${E}_{F}$ is close to a VHS. The work function decreases abruptly upon monolayer attachment but reverts to that of ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ upon bilayer attachment. This peculiar behavior is explained in terms of the distinctive electronic structures of the constituent materials and their bonding.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Towards the Synthesis of FR‐900848: Stereoselective Preparation of anti‐Bicyclopropane Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Effect of Hydrogen on the Device Stability of Amorphous InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistors under Positive Bias with Various Temperature Stresses (2019)

The effects of hydrogen incorporation in the active layer of amorphous InGaZnO (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on device characteristics and instability under positive bias stress (PBS) and positive bias temperature stress (PBTS) are studied. To control the amount of incorporated hydrogen, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment is conducted on the gate insulator layer before active layer deposition. It is confirmed that the amount of residual hydrogen in the gate insulator layer decreases with increasing RTA treatment time. Device stability is examined with RTA treatment times of 1 and 3 min under PBS. The device fabricated with a shorter RTA treatment time shows relatively better stability. This result is attributed to defect passivation by hydrogen that diffuses to the active layer from the gate insulator during the post‐annealing process. Additionally, TFT shows the negative shift of V th under a high‐temperature PBTS condition. This result is due to the additional diffusion of residual hydrogen from the gate insulator into the active layer and hydrogen‐related deep state transition in the active layer by external thermal energy and a PBS condition.
Cytotoxic quinolines (part 2). Azolylalkylamino and-thio quinolines. (1996)

A series of azolylalkylaminoquinolines and azolylalkylthioquinolines was synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Structure-activity relationships previously established for azolylalkyloxyquinolines were generally found to apply for the present compounds. The azolylalkylaminoquinolines were found to be more cytotoxic than the corresponding thio compounds. Oxidation of 11a to sulfones 12 and 13 resulted in a reduction of cytotoxicity. Several of the compounds were found to be very cytotoxic in vitro towards different cancer cell lines. Compound 7d, the most cytotoxic in vitro against the P388 cell line in this series, was ineffective in vivo and exhibited significant general toxicity at higher dosages.
A 30-mW 8-b 125-MS/s pipelined ADC in 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS (2005)

An 8-b pipelined ADC constructed in 0.13-mum CMOS is described. This ADC uses a dual-supply technique to yield 8-b performance at a sampling rate of 125MS/s while consuming 30mW from 1.8-V and 1.2-V supplies. Active area is 0.4mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>
Characterization of the microstructure of disordered media: A unified approach (1987)

Transport and mechanical properties of porous and other two-phase composite media have been expressed in terms of different sets of statistical correlation functions. A general methodology is put forth which provides a means of deriving and computing all of these different types of correlations (for a certain class of model micro- structures), and of establishing the relationships between these functions. This is done by obtaining series representations of a new and general n-point distribution function ${H}_{n}$. The distribution function ${H}_{n}$ also characterizes the structure of liquids. Applications of this treatment to compute bulk properties are described.
The notion of coherence in optics and its application to acoustics (1994)

Wave phenomena are mathematically described in similar terms, even though they are of different nature, as is the case for light and sound. Yet, the basic parameters such as velocity and frequency are so different that some of the concepts defined in optics are no longer relevant in acoustics, in particular the notion of spatial and temporal coherence. We briefly present the historical evolution that led to a clear definition of coherence in optics, then we show that it is not adequate for pulse-echo ultrasound and we propose an alternative definition. This leads us to a modified and extended version of an essential theorem in the optical theory of coherence: the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem.
Excess nitric oxide decreases cytochromeP-450 2J4 content andP-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism in lungs of rats with acute pneumonia (2004)

Recently, we demonstrated that pulmonary CYP2J4 content, a prominent source of EETs and HETEs formation in rat lungs, is reduced in pneumonia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of iNOS-derived NO in reduced pulmonary CYP2J4 protein content and decreased CYP metabolites in pneumonia. Rats were randomized to control, control plus 1400W (iNOS inhibitor), pneumonia, and pneumonia plus 1400W groups. Pseudomonas organisms were injected into lungs of pneumonia rats. At 40 h after surgery, rats were treated with either saline or 1400W for 4 h before death. Venous plasma samples were obtained for measuring nitrites/nitrates (NOx). There was no significant effect of 1400W on blood pressure measured in control or pneumonia rats, whereas 1400W reduced the elevated plasma NOx levels in pneumonia rats by half. CYP primary metabolites of AA formed at significantly lower rates in pulmonary microsomes from pneumonia rats compared with control rats. Treatment of pneumonia rats with 1400W resulted in a significant increase in the rate of formation of pulmonary EETs and omega-terminal HETEs compared with untreated pneumonia rats. The reduction in CYP2J4 protein content in pneumonia lung microsomes was also partially prevented by 1400W. Therefore, excess NO from iNOS decreases the pulmonary production of EETs and omega-HETEs in acute pneumonia. Inhibition of iNOS restores CYP2J4 protein content and CYP activity in acute pneumonia, indicating an important NO-CYP interaction in pulmonary responses to infection. We speculate CYP2J4 and its AA metabolites are involved in the modulation of pulmonary function in health and disease.
Oxygen vacancies on SrO-terminatedSrTiO3(001)surfaces studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (2015)

The electronic structure of $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(001)$ surfaces was studied using scanning tunneling spectroscopy and density-functional theory. With high dynamic range measurements, an in-gap transition level was observed on SrO-terminated surfaces, at 2.7 eV above the valence band maximum. The density of centers responsible for this level was found to increase with surface segregation of oxygen vacancies and decrease with exposure to molecular oxygen. Based on these findings, the level is attributed to surface O vacancies. A level at a similar energy is predicted theoretically on SrO-terminated surfaces. For $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-terminated surfaces, no discrete in-gap state was observed, although one is predicted theoretically. This lack of signal is believed to be due to the nature of the defect wave function involved, as well as the possible influence of transport limitations in the tunneling spectroscopy measurements.
SUPERCONDUCTING GANTRY AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTS AT HIMAC (2013)

New developments at HIMAC include a superconducting carbon gantry, a new therapy area with three new treatment rooms, and substantial enhancements to the synchrotron extraction system to enable energy-variation through multiple flattops within a synchrotron cycle to match characteristics of the gantry and three-dimensional raster scanning. The carbon gantry consists of ten combined-function superconducting magnets, allowing a very compact geometry – the length and the radius of the gantry are approximately 13 and 5.5 m, respectively, comparable to the dimensions of existing proton gantries. Further, these superconducting magnets are designed for fast slewing of the magnetic field to follow the multiple flattop operation of the synchrotron. In this paper, the recent developments of HIMAC are presented.
Air Filter Devices Including Nonwoven Meshes of Electrospun Recombinant Spider Silk Proteins (2013)

Based on the natural sequence of Araneus diadematus Fibroin 4 (ADF4), the recombinant spider silk protein eADF4(C16) has been engineered. This highly repetitive protein has a molecular weight of 48kDa and is soluble in different solvents (hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), formic acid and aqueous buffers). eADF4(C16) provides a high potential for various technical applications when processed into morphologies such as films, capsules, particles, hydrogels, coatings, fibers and nonwoven meshes. Due to their chemical stability and controlled morphology, the latter can be used to improve filter materials. In this protocol, we present a procedure to enhance the efficiency of different air filter devices, by deposition of nonwoven meshes of electrospun recombinant spider silk proteins. Electrospinning of eADF4(C16) dissolved in HFIP results in smooth fibers. Variation of the protein concentration (5-25% w/v) results in different fiber diameters (80-1,100 nm) and thus pore sizes of the nonwoven mesh. Post-treatment of eADF4(C16) electrospun from HFIP is necessary since the protein displays a predominantly α-helical secondary structure in freshly spun fibers, and therefore the fibers are water soluble. Subsequent treatment with ethanol vapor induces formation of water resistant, stable β-sheet structures, preserving the morphology of the silk fibers and meshes. Secondary structure analysis was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and subsequent Fourier self-deconvolution (FSD). The primary goal was to improve the filter efficiency of existing filter substrates by adding silk nonwoven layers on top. To evaluate the influence of electrospinning duration and thus nonwoven layer thickness on the filter efficiency, we performed air permeability tests in combination with particle deposition measurements. The experiments were carried out according to standard protocols.