gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local and Systemic CD4+ T Cell Exhaustion Reverses with Clinical Resolution of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (2017)

Investigation of the Th1 immune response in sarcoidosis CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells has revealed reduced proliferative capacity and cytokine expression upon TCR stimulation. In other disease models, such cellular dysfunction has been associated with a step-wise, progressive loss of T cell function that results from chronic antigenic stimulation. T cell exhaustion is defined by decreased cytokine production upon TCR activation, decreased proliferation, increased expression of inhibitory cell surface receptors, and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. We characterized sarcoidosis CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell immune function in systemic and local environments among subjects undergoing disease progression compared to those experiencing disease resolution. Spontaneous and TCR-stimulated Th1 cytokine expression and proliferation assays were performed in 53 sarcoidosis subjects and 30 healthy controls. PD-1 expression and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Compared to healthy controls, sarcoidosis CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells demonstrated reductions in Th1 cytokine expression, proliferative capacity (<i>p</i> < 0.05), enhanced apoptosis (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and increased PD-1 expression (<i>p</i> < 0.001). BAL-derived CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells also demonstrated multiple facets of T cell exhaustion (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Reversal of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell exhaustion was observed in subjects undergoing spontaneous resolution (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Sarcoidosis CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells exhibit loss of cellular function during progressive disease that follows the archetype of T cell exhaustion.
<title>Improvement of avalanche photodetectors through integration of InGaAs and Si</title> (1997)

Near infrared avalanche photodetectors have been constructed by wafer fusing epitaxial layers of InGaAs to Si. This integration combines the light absorption properties of InGaAs with the avalanche multiplication properties of Si. We concentrate here on two of the advantages these detectors have: desirable gain sensitivity properties, and high gain- bandwidth-products which would make them ideal for optical communication applications. Measurements are shown that illustrate very gradual gain increases with increasing device voltages as well as gain-bandwidth-products of over 300 GHz.
3D Parylene sheath probes for reliable, long-term neuroprosthetic recordings (2013)

Parylene C neural probes with a 3D sheath structure are introduced as a novel interface for long-term intracortical neural recording. 3D sheath structures were assembled from surface micromachined Parylene microchannels by thermoforming the thermoplastic around a solid microwire mold. Multiple Pt electrodes lined the interior and exterior of the sheath. Electrochemical characterization of the electrodes confirmed impedance values (50-250 KΩ at 1 kHz) suitable for neural recordings. A novel insertion approach was developed that temporarily stiffens the neural probes for surgical implantation and optimized in agarose brain tissue model. Sheath probes implanted into rat cortex recorded neural signals for four weeks. To achieve long-term, reliable recordings, the sheath structures will be coated with eluting neurotrophic factors to promote and attract neural ingrowth towards electrode sites.
On existence of power controls for Massive MIMO (2015)

For a general multicell Massive MIMO network, we obtain easily verifiable conditions for the existence of power controls that meet given down-link and up-link per access terminal SINR requirements. Surprisingly, some loosely constructed sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of power controls become necessary in the single cell case, whose “max-min” SINR problems are then easily solved.
Therapy of acute kidney injury in the perioperative setting (2016)

Cardiac surgery is responsible for the highest risk of renal dysfunction with respect to other surgical settings. A number of different and coacting insults, including toxins, renal hypoperfusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and systemic inflammation, are leading causes of this frequent complication. Intense research is ongoing on the treatment of established cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury and, in this view, a holistic approach including preoperative data, risk stratification, prevention, timely diagnosis, and aggressive intervention can limit the burdening consequences of renal dysfunction in these patients. Although no specific pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategy can be currently recommended outside clinical research, the prompt identification of renal dysfunction and the application of multimodal treatments are fundamental aspects. Right ventricular dysfunction and increased central venous pressure, frequently affecting cardiac surgery patients, potentially lead to congestive renal dysfunction. Hemodynamic management covers a central role in these cases.
A Novel High Frequency Optical Subcarrier Generator (1994)

We describe an electro-optical oscillator capable of generating high stability optical signals at frequencies up to 70 GHz.
The promoter activities of sucrose phosphate synthase genes in rice, OsSPS1 and OsSPS11, are controlled by light and circadian clock, but not by sucrose (2013)

Although sucrose plays a role in sugar sensing and its signaling pathway, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of the expressions of plant sucrose-related genes. Our previous study on the expression of the sucrose phosphate synthase gene family in rice (OsSPSs) suggested the involvement of sucrose sensing and/or circadian rhythm in the transcriptional regulation of OsSPS. To examine whether the promoters of OsSPSs can be controlled by sugars and circadian clock, we produced transgenic rice plants harboring a promoter-luciferase construct for OsSPS1 or OsSPS11 and analyzed the changes in the promoter activities by monitoring bioluminescence from intact transgenic plants in real-time. Transgenic plants fed sucrose, glucose, or mannitol under continuous light conditions showed no changes in bioluminescence intensity; meanwhile, the addition of sucrose increased the concentration of sucrose in the plants, and the mRNA levels of OsSPS remained constant. These results suggest that these OsSPS promoters may not be regulated by sucrose levels in the tissues. Next, we investigated the changes in the promoter activities under 12-h light/12-h dark cycles and continuous light conditions. Under the light-dark cycle, both OsSPS1 and OsSPS11 promoter activities were low in the dark and increased rapidly after the beginning of the light period. When the transgenic rice plants were moved to the continuous light condition, both P OsSPS1 ::LUC and P OsSPS11 ::LUC reporter plants exhibited circadian bioluminescence rhythms; bioluminescence peaked during the subjective day with a 27-h period: in the early morning as for OsSPS1 promoter and midday for OsSPS11 promoter. These results indicate that these OsSPS promoters are controlled by both light illumination and circadian clock and that the regulatory mechanism of promoter activity differs between the two OsSPS genes.
Ethical issues in endoscopy: patient satisfaction, safety in elderly patients, palliation, and relations with industry (2007)

This document was downloaded for personal use only. Unauthorized distribution is
Der Einfluss von Hyperglykämie- sowie Methylglyoxal- induziertem Stress auf die Genexpression co-kultivierter Podozyten und glomerulärer Endothelzellen in der Pathophysiologie der Diabetischen Nephropathie (2021)

Fragestellung Die diabetische Nephropathie geht mit Veränderungen der glomerulären Filtrationsrate einher. Zwei Zelltypen, die bei diesem Prozess eine Schlüsselrolle spielen, sind glomeruläre Endothelzellen (GEnCs) und Podozyten, welche in engem Kontakt innerhalb der Nierenglomeruli liegen. Diese Zelltypen werden durch metabolische Veränderungen beeinflusst, die für Diabetes charakteristisch sind, einschließlich Hyperglykämie und Dicarbonylverbindungen wie Methylglyoxal. Es ist jedoch noch unzureichend verstanden, welche Auswirkungen diese Stoffwechselfaktoren auf GEnCs und Podozyten haben und inwieweit die Interaktionen zwischen diesen Zellen diese Effekte modulieren können [1]-[3].
Thermal stability of diamondlike carbon buried layer fabricated by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition in silicon on insulator (2005)

Diamondlike carbon (DLC) as a potential low-cost substitute for diamond has been extended to microelectronics and we have demonstrated the fabrication of silicon on diamond (SOD) as a silicon-on-insulator structure using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition in conjunction with layer transfer and wafer bonding. The thermal stability of our SOD structure was found to be better than that expected for conventional DLC films. In the work reported here, we investigate the mechanism of the enhanced thermal stability. We compare the thermal stability of exposed and buried DLC films using Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Our Raman analysis indicates that the obvious separation of the D and G peaks indicative of nanocrystalline graphite emerges at 500°C in the exposed DLC film. In contrast, the separation appears in the buried DLC film only at annealing temperatures above 800°C. Analysis of the XPS C1s core-level spectra shows that the (sp3+C–H) carbon content of the unprotected DLC film decreases rapidly between 300–700°C indicating the rapid transformation of sp3-bonded carbon to sp2-bonded carbon combined with hydrogen evolution. In comparison, the decrease in the (sp3+C–H) carbon content of the buried DLC film is slower below 800°C. Elastic recoil detection results show that this superior thermal stability is due to the slower hydrogen out diffusion from the buried DLC film thereby impeding the graphitization process. We propose that the SiO2 overlayer retards the graphitization process during annealing by shifting the chemical equilibrium.
Impact of Heterogeneous Overlapping Drug-Eluting Stents on the Arterial Responses of Rabbit Iliac Arteries: A Comparison With Overlapping Bare Metal Stents (2012)

Despite similar arterial injury, higher inflammatory reactions were observed in overlapping DES segments regardless of the implantation sequence compared with that of BMS. Moreover, DES was associated with impaired endothelial function on the adjacent non-stented segments.
Bioreducible Branched Polyethyleneimine Derivatives Physically Loaded with Hydrophobic Pheophorbide A: Preparation, Characterization, and Light‐Induced Cytotoxicity (2014)

Branched-type hydrophilic polyethyleneimine derivatives (i.e., bPEI derivatives) are developed polymeric carriers for photodynamic therapy. Their chemical structures which contain pH-tunable hydrophobic/hydrophilic cavities enable efficient loading of hydrophobic drugs in basic pH environments. Intracellular stimuli trigger the release of the loaded drugs in bPEI derivatives. As expected, the hydrophobic photosensitizer known as pheophorbide A (PheoA) is solubilized by physical loading in the inner hydrophobic spaces of bPEI derivatives in environments with basic pH values. Interestingly, acidic pH environments induce aggregation, resulting in poor release of the loaded PheoA as well as in quenched photo-activity of the PheoA-loaded polymers. However, when reducible polycation derivatives of bPEI are used (i.e., RPC-bPEI), intracellular thiols degrade the disulfide linkages in the polymers, resulting in rapid PheoA release. Particularly, a RPC-bPEI containing 6 wt% PheoA (i.e., RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)-PheoA(6%)) respond remarkably well to light exposure and display large differences between dark toxicity and light-induced toxicity. Cellular uptake of RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)-PheoA(6%) is approximately sevenfold to ninefold lower than that of free PheoA. Nevertheless, the photo-toxicity of RPC-bPEI(0.8 kDa)-PheoA(6%) was only two- to sixfold less potent than that of free PheoA. These results suggest that reducible bPEI materials may act as potential solubilizers and carriers for low-molecular-weight hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs.
Measurement of energetic (>6 MeV) particles in wire array pinches on PBFA Z (1997)

Summary form only given. Sandia National Laboratories has modified the PBFA II accelerator into a Z-pinch configuration. To date, PBFA Z has generated X-ray yields exceeding 1 MJ and 100 TW. The loads consist of cylindrical, tungsten wire arrays. Nuclear activation and shielded scintillator measurements indicate that particles are being produced in the pinch that have energies that greatly exceed the nominal applied voltage of 2.5 to 3 MV. In particular, we have observed Co-56 and Mn-52m activation on the stainless steel cathodes. The only credible production mechanisms for these nuclides in PBFA Z are (p,n) reactions on Fe-56 and Cr-52. Since the thresholds for these reactions are 5.44 and 5.98 MeV, respectively, we argue that protons having energies greater than about 6 MeV are produced in the pinch. In addition, we have observed significant photon signals on a plastic scintillator that was shielded by 6 cm of lead. Simple gamma-ray attenuation arguments suggest that there is a considerable fluence of photons having energies greater than 1 MeV. These photons could be gamma rays produced in prompt (p,/spl gamma/) reactions and/or bremsstrahlung X-rays produced by energetic electrons.
Functional imaging at 14.1T using high-resolution pass band bSSFP (2015)

Sub-millimeter fMRI at very high fields with EPI is challenging due to the rapid signal decay and B0-related distortions. Balanced SSFP offers the possibility of high-resolution (100 um) acquisitions without spatial distortions and significantly higher temporal resolution compared to FLASH. Observed signal changes largely depend on T2 rather than T2* indicating a higher spatial selectivity compared to gradient echo-based methods.
Protective Effects of Garlic Oil against Liver Damage Induced by Combined Administration of Ethanol and Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats (2002)

Herbs are known to play a vital role in the management of various liver diseases. Garlic oil (GO) contains numerous organosulfur compounds with potential hepatoprotective effects. The present work was planned to evaluate the possible preventive role of GO on biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by combined administration of ethanol (EOH) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rat liver. Two dose levels of GO (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) were administered orally to rats for 7 consecutive days with EOH + CCl4-induced liver damage. Activity of GO against liver damage was compared with that of silymarin (25 mg/kg/day, p.o. for 7 consecutive days). Biochemical parameters including serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (γ–GT), alkaline phophatase (ALP) and bilirubin were estimated to assess the liver function. In addition, the level of total proteins, triglycerides, total cholesterol, glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), in liver tissues were estimated. Liver damage was evidenced by an increase in the activity/level of AST, ALT, γ-GT, ALP and bilirubin in sera of rats after the combined administration of EOH and CCl4 compared to normal animals. Pretreatment of rats with GO reduced the EOH + CCl4-induced elevated levels of the above indices. Similarly, GO significantly prevented the decline in total proteins and the increase in triglycerides and total cholesterol resulted after EOH + CCl4 administration in rat liver homogenates. In addition, GO pretreatment restored liver GSH levels decreased due to EOH + CCl4 administration. The elevation in liver TBARS level due to EOH + CCl4 administration was also prevented by pretreatment with both low and high doses of GO. Histopathological examination indicated that GO exhibited an obvious preventive effect against the centrilobular necrosis and nodule formation induced by EOH + CCl4 administration. In conclusion, GO exerts hepatoprotective actions against EOH + CCl4-induced toxicity in rats.
SH3 domain-dependent interaction of the proto-oncogene product Vav with the focal contact protein zyxin. (1996)

Scr homology 3 (SH3) domain-mediated protein-protein interactions have been implicated in the localization of proteins to specific sites within the cell. We present evidence that the product of the vav proto-oncogene, p95vav, interacts specifically with the focal adhesion protein zyxin both in vitro and in yeast two hybrid system. Solution binding and two-hybrid system experiments demonstrate that association of Vav with the LIM domain protein zyxin is mediated by the C-terminal SH3 domain of the Vav and involves the proline-rich N-terminus of zyxin. The interaction appears to be selective, since no binding of the proline-rich N-terminus of zyxin with other SH3 domain-containing proteins such as GRB-2, phospholipase C gamma, GTPase-activating protein, or p85 was detected.
One-Pot Chemo-bioprocess of PET Depolymerization and Recycling Enabled by a Biocompatible Catalyst, Betaine (2021)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been widely used in various industries due to its unique physical properties. However, PET causes major environmental problems globally due to its low degradability and recycling rate. Since it is nearly impossible to replace PET with other materials, an efficient approach for PET recycling is necessary for a circular economy. Herein, for a paradigm shift toward the approach for resource recovery of PET components, we developed an integrated process for depolymerizing PET and converting PET monomers to high-value products in a one-pot process. The key of our approach is the use of the biocompatible catalyst betaine in a glycolysis process that enables whole PET glycolysis slurry as a substrate to be directly applied to further bioprocesses. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) analysis, betaine effectively catalyzed PET depolymerization by two strong hydrogen interactions between betaine, EG, and PET as well as by the synergetic effect between the anion and cation groups of betaine. Through the glycolysis of PET with betaine and the optimized enzymatic hydrolytic process for the PET glycolysis slurry, PET was depolymerized to terephthalate (TPA, 31.0 g/L, 62.8%, mol/mol) and ethylene glycol (EG, 11.7 g/L, 63.3%, mol/mol) at high titers and high yields. This process was further applied to the bioconversion of TPA and EG present in the PET hydrolysate to protocatechuic acid (PCA) and glycolic acid (GLA), respectively. This one-pot chemo-bioprocess integrating chemical glycolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bioconversion for PET depolymerization and recycling was suggested to be highly applicable to the upcycling of waste PET.
Reaction of Resorcinol with Mesityl Oxide: Synthesis of 2,2-Dimethyl-4-formyl- 7-methoxy-(2H)-1-benzopyran (2003)

Abstract Synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-4-formyl-7-methoxy-(2H)-1-benzopyran has been achieved by a three step reaction sequence, wherein the key step has been the preparation of 7-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-(2H)-1-benzopyran by a novel condensation reaction between resorcinol and mesityl oxide in presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA).
Mitigation of Narrowband Interference in SC Transmission with Filter Bank Equalization (2006)

Filter bank based frequency domain equalization provides an attractive scheme for single-carrier transmission of broadband wireless communications. With mildly frequency-selective subband processing and a modest number of subbands, it is able to provide better performance than conventional FFT approach with a higher number of subbands. Another benefit of this approach is that the same filter bank can be utilized to implement a significant part of the baseband channel selection filtering task. This paper proposes a technique for tuning the filter bank equalizer to mitigate narrowband interference without additional complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective and can provide better performance than the basic complete subband elimination approach when moderate interference is present
Styrene−Butadiene Gradient Block Copolymers for Transparent Impact Polystyrene (2008)

The mechanical behavior of styrene/butadiene triblock copolymers and their blends with high molecular weight polystyrene (PS) homopolymer was studied. Symmetric triblock copolymers with two PS end blocks of equal length (SBS) were compared with asymmetric triblocks with end blocks of different lengths (S1BS2) and with asymmetric triblocks comprising a styrene/butadiene composition gradient in the middle block (S1GS2). The precise molecular architecture of these copolymers and its role on morphology and properties were described elsewhere (Macromolecules 2007, 40, 2432.). Here, immiscible blends of these copolymers with long PS chains are discussed. While solvent casting yields the expected phase separation, melt extrusion produces tough and transparent blends with metastable submicrometer scale dispersions of soft microdomains highly controlled by processing. The particular molecular architecture of gradient asymmetric triblocks significantly improves ductility of these nanostructured blends. The volume fraction of soft microdomains extracted from dynamic mechanical data is identified as a universal parameter that controls tensile behavior of the different blends studied.
Kasner and mixmaster behavior in universes with equation of statew>~1 (2004)

We consider cosmological models with a scalar field with equation of state $w&gt;~1$ that contract towards a big crunch singularity, as in recent cyclic and ekpyrotic scenarios. We show that chaotic mixmaster oscillations due to anisotropy and curvature are suppressed, and the contraction is described by a homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann equation if $w&gt;1.$ We generalize the results to theories where the scalar field couples to p forms and show that there exists a finite value of w, depending on the p-forms, such that chaotic oscillations are suppressed. We show that ${Z}_{2}$ orbifold compactification also contributes to suppressing chaotic behavior. In particular, chaos is avoided in contracting heterotic M-theory models if $w&gt;1$ at the crunch.
Automatic Monitoring for Interactive Performance and Power Reduction (2001)

this paper is called PAST. In this policy the utilization for the most recent interval is computed and if it is above a cer- 11
A highly parallel algorithm to approximate MaxCut on distributed memory architectures (2002)

We develop and experiment with a new parallel algorithm to approximate the maximum weight cut in a weighted undirected graph. Our implementation is based on the recent new algorithm of Goemans and Williamson for this problem. However, our work aims for an efficient, practical formulation of the algorithm with close to optimal parallelization. Our theoretical analysis and an implementation on the Connection Machine CM5 show that our parallelization achieves linear speedup. We test our implementation on several large graphs (more than 9000 vertices), particularly on large instances of the Ising model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>