gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitive analyses of agricultural chemicals by capillary electrochromatography (2003)

Abstract Capillary electrochromatography using a monolithic matrix was employed to develop a rapid and highly efficient separation methodology for the analyses of mixtures of agrochemical importance. Using this method, ppm‐ppb detection limits for urea, carbamate, and phenoxy acid herbicides were achieved without a preconcentration technique. The detection limits were further decreased to low‐ppb levels for the same class of compounds using an on‐column preconcentration technique.
Architectural timing verification of CMOS RISC processors (1995)

We consider the problem of verification and testing of architectural timing models ("timers") coded to predict cycles-per-instruction (CPI) performance of advanced CMOS superscalar (RISC) processors. Such timers are used for pre-hardware performance analysis and prediction. As such, these software models play a vital role in processor performance tuning as well as application-based competitive analysis, years before actual product availability. One of the key problems facing a designer, modeler, or application analyst who uses such a tool is to understand how accurate the model is, in terms of the actual design. In contrast to functional simulators, there is no direct way of testing timers in the classical sense, since the “correct” execution time (in cycles) of a program on the machine model under test is not directly known or computable from equations, truth tables, or other formal specifications. Ultimate validation (or invalidation) of such models can be achieved under actual hardware availability, by direct comparisons against measured performance. However, deferring validation solely to that stage would do little to achieve the overall purpose of accurate pre-hardware analysis, tuning, and projection. We describe a multilevel validation method which has been used successfully to transform evolving timers into highly accurate pre-hardware models. In this paper, we focus primarily on the following aspects of the methodology: a) establishment of cause-effect relationships in terms of model defects and the associated fault signatures; b) derivation of application-based test loop kernels to verify steady-state (periodic) behavior of pipeline flow, against analytically predicted signatures; and c) derivation of synthetic test cases to verify the “core” parameters characterizing the pipeline-level machine organization as implemented in the timer model. The basic tenets of the theory and its application are described in the context of an example processor, comparable in complexity to an advanced member of the PowerPC™ 6XX processor family.
In Situ TEM Observation of MgO Nanorod Growth (2009)

The controlled growth of MgO nanorods was investigated under electron irradiation in transmission electron microscopes at accelerating voltages from 120 to 300 kV in the temperature range from −175 to 610 °C. The nanorod growth on the surface of MgO crystals was induced by Au, Pt, Ni, or Co particles of 2−4 nm in size. The nanorods were grown up to 8 nm after 5−30 min of electron irradiation time with beam current densities of 100−600 A/cm2. The mechanism of nanorod formation and growth is explained on the basis of electrostatic interactions between positive ions of MgO species and negatively charged metal particles.
On an Outer bound and an Inner Bound for the General Broadcast Channel (2010)

In this paper, we study the Nair-El Gamal outer bound and Marton's inner bound for general two-receiver broadcast channels. We show that the Nair-El Gamal outer bound can be made fully computable. For the inner bound, we show that, unlike in the Gaussian case, for a degraded broadcast channel even without a common message, Marton's coding scheme without a superposition variable is in general insufficient for obtaining the capacity region. Further, we prove various results that help to restrict the search space for computing the sum-rate for Marton's inner bound. We establish the capacity region along certain directions and show that it coincides with Marton's inner bound. Lastly, we discuss an idea that may lead to a larger inner bound.
Design of Mechanism and Preliminary Field Validation of Low-Cost Transfemoral Rotator for Use in the Developing World (2016)

Transfemoral (above-knee) amputees face a unique and challenging set of restrictions to movement and function. Most notably, they are unable to medially rotate their lower-leg and subsequently cross their legs. The best and most common solution to this issue today is a transfemoral rotator, which allows medial rotation of the leg distal to the knee through a lockable turntable mechanism. However, currently available transfemoral rotators can cost thousands of dollars, and few equivalent technologies exist in the developing world. This paper, supported by the results of field studies and user testing, establishes a framework for the design of a low-cost and easily manufacturable transfemoral rotator for use in the developing world. Two prototypes are presented, each with a unique internal locking mechanism and form. A preliminary field study was conducted on six transfemoral amputees in India and qualitative user and prosthetist feedback was collected. Both prototypes successfully allowed all subjects to complete tasks such as crossing legs, putting on pants, and tying shoes while maintaining functionality of walking and standing. Future iterations of the mechanism will be guided by a combination of the most positively received features of the prototypes and general feedback suggestions from the users.
A shear and plantar pressure sensor based on fiber-optic bend loss (2005)

Lower-limb complications associated with diabetes include the development of plantar ulcers that can lead to infection and subsequent amputation. While we know from force-plate analyses that medial/lateral and anterior/posterior shear components of ground-reaction forces exist, little is known about the actual distribution of these stresses during daily activities or about the role that shear stresses play in causing plantar ulceration. Furthermore, one critical reason why these data have not been obtained previously is the lack of a validated, widely used, commercially available shear sensor, partly because of the various technical issues associated with measuring shear. In this study, we present a novel means of transducing plantar pressure and shear stress with a fiber-optic sensor. The pressure/shear sensor consists of an array of optical fibers lying in perpendicular rows and columns separated by elastomeric pads. We constructed a map of normal and shear stresses based on observed macrobending through the intensity attenuation from the physical deformation of two adjacent perpendicular fibers. Initial results show that this sensor exhibits low noise and responds to applied normal and shear loads with good repeatability.
Towards understanding, estimating and mitigating higher-mode effects for more resilient tall buildings (2022)

Rapid urbanization has resulted in increased demand for tall buildings in many large and medium-sized cities around the world. Current code-based standards for seismic design are primarily aimed at minimizing life-safety risks under major earthquakes. While reinforced concrete (RC) high-rise buildings designed following current code requirements are expected to achieve collapse-prevention, the contribution of higher modes of vibrations to the dynamic response of these structures can produce seismic demands significantly larger than those obtained from prescriptive code-based procedures, causing unexpectedly higher structural and non-structural damage to these buildings. These imply considerable costs associated with the loss of residences and business operations as well as the post-earthquake recovery of cities. This paper presents a concise review of the current state-of-the-art and state of research pertaining to the understanding, estimation and mitigation of higher-mode effects on the seismic response of tall and slender RC structures. The paper is organized into four main foci: (1) analytical studies on understanding and quantifying higher-mode effects, (2) available experimental work on this topic, (3) advances in code practices in accounting for higher-mode effects in seismic design of RC tall buildings, and (4) recent developments in innovative systems intended to mitigate higher-mode effects in RC tall buildings. The paper concludes by briefly summarizing future challenges facing the construction of earthquake-resilient RC tall buildings that are essential in building resilient cities of the future.
Electronic 'how things work' articles: two early prototypes (1993)

The electronic encyclopedia exploratorium (E/sup 3/) is a vision of a future computer system-an electronic book describing how thing work. Typical articles in E/sup 3/ will describe such mechanisms as compression refrigerators, engines, telescopes, and mechanical linkages. Each article will provide simulations, three-dimensional animated graphics that the user can manipulate, laboratory areas that allow a user to modify the device or experiment with related artifacts, and a facility for asking questions and receiving customized, computer-generated English-language explanations. Some of the foundational technology is discussed, focusing on topics in artificial intelligence, graphics, and user interfaces. The initial prototype system and the technical lessons learned from it, as well as the second prototype currently under construction, are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Glycogenin is the priming glucosyltransferase required for the initiation of glycogen biogenesis in rabbit skeletal muscle (1988)

Purified preparations of glycogen synthase are a complex of two proteins, the catalytic subunit of glycogen synthase and glycogenin, present in a 1:1 molar ratio [J. Pitcher, C. Smythe, D. G. Campbell & P. Cohen (1987) Eur. J. Biochem. 169, 497-502]. This complex has now been found to contain a further glucosyltransferase activity that catalyses the transfer of glucose residues from UDP-Glc to glucosylated-glycogenin. The glucosyltransferase, which is of critical importance in forming the primer required for de novo glycogen biosynthesis, is distinct from glycogen synthase in several ways. It has an absolute requirement for divalent cations, a 1000-fold lower Km for UDP-Glc and its activity is unaffected by incubation with UDP-pyridoxal or exposure to 2 M LiBr, which inactivate glycogen synthase by 95% and 100%, respectively. The priming glucosyltransferase and glycogen synthase activities coelute on Superose 6, and the rate of glycosylation of glycogenin is independent of enzyme concentration, suggesting that the reaction is catalysed intramolecularly by a subunit of the glycogen synthase complex. This component has been identified as glycogenin, following dissociation of the subunits in 2 M LiBr and their separation on Superose 12. The glycosylation of isolated glycogenin reaches a plateau when five additional glucose residues have been added to the protein, and digestion with alpha-amylase indicates that all the glycogenin molecules contain at least one glucosyl residue prior to autoglucosylation. The priming glucosyltransferase activity of glycogenin is unaffected by either glucose 6-phosphate or by phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of glycogen synthase. The mechanism of primer formation is discussed in the light of the finding that glycogenin is an enzyme that catalyses its own autoglucosylation.
A compact electrically-pumped hybrid silicon microring laser (2009)

A compact electrically-pumped hybrid silicon microring laser is realized on a hybrid silicon platform. A simplified, selfaligned, deep-etch process is developed to result in low-loss resonator with a high quality factor Q&gt;15,000. Small footprint (resonator diameter=50 &#956;m), electrical and optical losses all contribute to lasing threshold as low as 5.4 mA and up to 65 &deg;C operation temperature in continuous-wave (cw) mode. Outcoupling- and bus waveguide width-dependent studies are conducted for optimizing device structure. A simple qualitative study in current-voltage (IV) characteristic shows that dry etching through active region leads to &lt;3&times; more leakage current at the same reverse bias than wet etch counterpart. It indicates a relatively good interface with tolerable surface recombination from deep dry etch. The spectrum is single mode with large extinction ratio (&gt;40 dB) and small linewidth (&lt;0.04 nm) observed. The unique bistability operation in ring resonator structure is also demonstrated.
PEGylated DX-1000: Pharmacokinetics and Antineoplastic Activity of a Specific Plasmin Inhibitor (2007)

Novel inhibitors of the urokinase-mediated plasminogen (plg) activation system are potentially of great clinical benefit as anticancer treatments. Using phage display, we identified DX-1000 a tissue factor pathway inhibitor-derived Kunitz domain protein which is a specific high-affinity inhibitor of plasmin (pln) (K(i) = 99 pM). When tested in vitro, DX-1000 blocks plasmin-mediated pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (proMMP-9) activation on cells and dose-dependently inhibits tube formation, while not significantly affecting hemostasis and coagulation. However, this low-molecular weight protein inhibitor ( approximately 7 kDa) exhibits rapid plasma clearance in mice and rabbits, limiting its potential clinical use in chronic diseases. After site-specific PEGylation, DX-1000 retains its activity and exhibits a decreased plasma clearance. This PEGylated derivative is effective in vitro, as well as potent in inhibiting tumor growth of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled MDA-MB-231 cells. 4PEG-DX-1000 treatment causes a significant reduction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen expressions, a reduction of tumor proliferation, and vascularization. 4PEG-DX-1000 treatment significantly decreases the level of active mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the primary tumors and reduces metastasis incidence. Together, our results demonstrate the potential value of plasmin inhibitors as therapeutic agents for blocking breast cancer growth and metastasis.
The Ecstasy and Agony of Assay Interference Compounds (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTThe Ecstasy and Agony of Assay Interference CompoundsCourtney Aldrich, Carolyn Bertozzi, Gunda I. Georg, Laura Kiessling, Craig Lindsley, Dennis Liotta, Kenneth M. Merz, Jr., Alanna Schepartz, and Shaomeng WangView Author Information ACS Infectious Diseases ACS Central Science Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ACS Chemical Biology ACS Chemical Neuroscience ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling Biochemistry Journal of Medicinal ChemistryCite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 4, 379–382Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2017Publication History Published online28 February 2017Published inissue 13 April 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00056https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00056editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2279Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (387 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Assays,Drug discovery,Inhibition,Molecules,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
Peak-to-Average-Power Reduction for FBMC-based Systems (2016)

S.462-467
Latent Stereopsis for Motion in Depth in Strabismic Amblyopia (2009)

A small proportion of observers with strabismic amblyopia exhibit residual performance for motion in depth, and it is disparity based. Furthermore, some observers with strabismic amblyopia who do not display any significant stereo performance for motion in depth under normal binocular viewing may display above-chance stereo performance if the degree of interocular suppression is reduced. The authors term this phenomenon latent stereopsis.
Bidirectional Transmission of LTE-A Carrier Aggregation Signal over a Seamless Fiber-Wireless System in W-Band (2015)

We present a high-speed and low-latency seamless fiber-millimeter-wave system for future mobile front-haul networks. The bidirectional transmission of a downlink interband and an uplink intraband carrier aggregation LTE-A signal over the system is successfully demonstrated.
Wave-Guide Optical Deflector for Optical Disc Tracking Actuator Using Surface Acoustic Wave Device (1989)

Optical discs are widely used in data processing systems as well as products such as compact disc and video disc systems. Now, rapid progress is being achieved in terms of the data capacity and rewritability. However,one of the major unsolved problems today is the slow data transfer and tracking access when compared with those of magnetic disc systems. This is because optical discs employ dual actuators called coarse and fine actuator respectively. Each actuator utilizes mechanical components such as galvano mirrors. These components have a slow response time and take more than 20 ms to become stable, because of vibration. It is difficult to remove the mechanical components from the coarse actuator. However, they can be removed from the fine actuator.
Resiliency Mechanisms and Network Designs for Highly Survivable Optical Transport Networks (2005)

Traditional restoration schemes aim to provide 100% restoration in the event of a single failure; multiple (simultaneous) failures are assumed to have such low probability that they can be ignored. This assumption does not hold for networks with mission critical applications that have stringent survivability requirements. In this study, we propose restoration mechanisms that are based on combining the link- and path-based restoration schemes to generate a family of hybrid procedures that maximize the overall network availability in the face of multiple failures. We also investigate the minimal augmentation to an existing network infrastructure necessary in order to meet the required network availability.
Role of IL-18 in inflammatory diseases (2009)

IL-18 is a member of the interleukin (IL)-1 family. IL-1β and IL-18 are closely related, and both require the intracellular cysteine protease caspase-1 for biological activity. Several autoimmune diseases are thought to be mediated, in part, by IL-18. Many are those with associated elevated interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, macrophage activation syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis and graft versus host disease. In addition, ischemia, including acute renal failure in humans, appears to involve IL-18. Animal studies also support the concept that IL-18 is a key player in models of lupus erythematosus, atherosclerosis, graft versus host disease and hepatitis. Unexpectedly, IL-18 plays a role in appetite control and the development of obesity. The IL-18-binding protein, a naturally occurring, specific inhibitor of IL-18, neutralizes IL-18 activities and has been shown to be safe in patients. Other options for reducing IL-18 activities are inhibitors of capsase-1, human monoclonal antibodies to IL-18, soluble IL-18 receptors and anti-IL-18 receptor monoclonal antibodies.
Synthesis of 3-Amino-6-dimethylamino-4-oxopyrazolo[3,4-d] [1,3]oxazine Derivatives (1991)

3-Amino-1-aryl-6-dimethylamino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-d][1,3] oxazines 4a-7a and 3-amino-2-aryl-6-dimethylamino-4-oxo-2,4-dihydropyrazolo [3,4-d][1,3]oxazines 4b-6b were synthesized from 4-chloro-5-cyano-2-dimethylamino-6-oxo-6H-1,3-oxazine 2 and arylhydrazines in good yields. The substituent effect of the arylhydrazines on the yields of products was clearly observed.
Activation of gp130 signalingin vivo by the IL-6 super-agonist K-7 / D-6 accelerates repopulation of lymphoid organs after irradiation (1999)

Stimulation of the gp130 signaling pathway by IL-6 is known to contribute significantly to hematopoietic expansion in vitro, mostly in combination with other cytokines. In the present study we have investigated whether a similar effect can be observed also in vivo using short-term assays in which irradiated mice were analyzed for repopulation of lymphoid organs. Mice were injected with a combination of soluble IL-6Ralpha either with wild-type (wt) human IL-6 or with an IL-6 variant, called K-7/D-6, that shows a 70-fold higher IL-6Ralpha affinity. We observed that while wt IL-6 was able to induce a partial effect only in combination with IL-3, K-7/D-6 bypassed the need for IL-3 and yielded complete recovery. In lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow cells K-7/D-6 strongly accelerated the repopulation of thymus and spleen and hastened blood neutrophil recovery. These results underscore the potential of the gp130 signaling pathway in hematopoietic reconstitution after myeloablative regimens and open the possibility to fully exploit it with a super-active IL-6 variant.
Diastereoselective Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Aldol Cyclizations Using Diethylzinc as the Stoichiometric Reductant. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cardiovascular Effects of Sildenafil During Exercise in Men With Known or Probable Coronary Artery Disease (2002)

In men with stable CAD, sildenafil had no effect on symptoms, exercise duration, or presence or extent of exercise-induced ischemia, as assessed by exercise echocardiography.