gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cortical glucose metabolism in parkinson's and alzheimer's disease (1990)

Characteristic regional patterns of decreased cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRG) have been described in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions associated with dementia. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the metabolic pattern in Parkinson's disease is altered by the presence of impaired cognitive function. Glucose metabolism was measured with positron emission tomography in 6 patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia (PDD), 8 patients with Parkinson's disease and normal cognition (PD), and 6 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). All AD patients subsequently had the diagnosis proven neuropathologically at autopsy. Correlation coefficients of the metabolic rates across 32 regions of interest were calculated between each pair of patients. Q-component analysis of the correlation matrix showed that the AD and PD groups formed two distinct clusters and that the PDD group had a metabolic pattern which was similar to that of the AD group. Comparison of standardized rCMRG values showed that the PDD group differed from the PD group in having significantly lower relative rCMRG in the left perirolandic and bilateral angular gyrus regions. There were no significant differences between the PDD and AD groups. These results suggest a similar pattern of cortical dysfunction in both Alzheimer's disease and in Parkinson's disease/dementia.
Differential expression profiles of glycosphingolipids in human breast cancer stem cells vs. cancer non-stem cells (2013)

Previous studies demonstrated that certain glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are involved in various cell functions, such as cell growth and motility. Recent studies showed changes in GSL expression during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells; however, little is known about expression profiles of GSLs in cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a small subpopulation in cancer and are proposed as cancer-initiating cells, have been shown to be resistant to numerous chemotherapies, and may cause cancer recurrence. Here, we analyzed GSLs expressed in human breast CSCs by applying a CSC model induced through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, using mass spectrometry, TLC immunostaining, and cell staining. We found that (i) Fuc-(n)Lc4Cer and Gb3Cer were drastically reduced in CSCs, whereas GD2, GD3, GM2, and GD1a were greatly increased in CSCs; (ii) among various glycosyltransferases tested, mRNA levels for ST3GAL5, B4GALNT1, ST8SIA1, and ST3GAL2 were increased in CSCs, which could explain the increased expression of GD3, GD2, GM2, and GD1a in CSCs; (iii) the majority of GD2+ cells and GD3+ cells were detected in the CD44(hi)/CD24(lo) cell population; and (iv) knockdown of ST8SIA1 and B4GALNT1 significantly reduced the expression of GD2 and GD3 and caused a phenotype change from CSC to a non-CSC, which was detected by reduced mammosphere formation and cell motility. Our results provide insight into GSL profiles in human breast CSCs, indicate a functional role of GD2 and GD3 in CSCs, and suggest a possible novel approach in targeting human breast CSCs to interfere with cancer recurrence.
A robotic system for actively stiffening flexible manipulators (2015)

A system for actively changing the stiffness of a long, thin, flexible robotic manipulator has been designed for cardiologists to use in a range of diagnosis and treatment procedures. Low-stiffness manipulators, such as catheters, are ideal for steering through vasculature with low risk of tissue injury. However, such instruments are not well-suited for applying force to tissue. The proposed system solves this problem by using a series of bead-shaped vertebrae containing pull wires to actively change the stiffness of the catheter, similar to gooseneck surgical retractors. Individual wires steer the catheter to a desired location. All wires are then tensioned to create friction between each vertebra and prevent sliding, therefore resisting motion. While this design concept has been implemented manually in various settings for decades, fine robotic control of the friction and stiffness of the system relies on a thorough understanding of the friction properties between vertebral segments. We have developed an analytical model to understand the interactions between vertebrae and determine the relationships between system parameters and the overall stiffness of the catheter. Experiments validated the calculations from the model and the functionality of the system by applying known loads to the tip of the catheter and measuring the catheter displacement. The catheter stiffness was measured to range from 100 N/m to 800 N/m, which is sufficient for performing many surgical tasks on tissue. This system can be useful in minimally invasive procedures involving direct instrument contact with tissue by improving accuracy, safety, and work flow.
Reiterative copying byE.coliRNA polymerase during transcription initiation of mutant pBR322 tet promoters (1990)

The major in vitro transcripts from the tet promoter of pBR322 derivatives pTA22 and pTA33 have heterogeneous 5' ends consisting of variable lengths of oligo(A). Their structure is 5'pppAnU..., where n ranges from 1 to greater than 12, but the template strand can encode at most four A residues at the site of transcription initiation. The abundance of additional A residues at the 5' end of the pTA22 and pTA33 tet transcripts could be reduced by elevating the concentration of UTP, but even at high concentrations (greater than 1 mM) non-cognate A residues were still observed. Aberrant initiation was not artifactual since the major and minor transcripts of the pBR322 tet promoter region, and other transcripts arising from minor promoters on pTA22 or pTA33 DNA all had unique 5' termini. Mixing experiments showed that RNA polymerase did not utilize pppA2-4-OH produced by abortive initiation as primers. The data suggest that the initial nascent RNA chain 'slips' in the 5' direction during elongation opposite T4 on the template strand causing RNA polymerase to reiteratively add A residues to the 5' end of the transcript. The generality and possible significance of this mechanism is discussed.
Benchmarking Chinese Text Recognition: Datasets, Baselines, and an Empirical Study (2021)

The flourishing blossom of deep learning has witnessed the rapid development of text recognition in recent years. However, the existing text recognition methods are mainly proposed for English texts. As another widely-spoken language, Chinese text recognition (CTR) in all ways has extensive application markets. Based on our observations, we attribute the scarce attention on CTR to the lack of reasonable dataset construction standards, unified evaluation protocols, and results of the existing baselines. To fill this gap, we manually collect CTR datasets from publicly available competitions, projects, and papers. According to application scenarios, we divide the collected datasets into four categories including scene, web, document, and handwriting datasets. Besides, we standardize the evaluation protocols in CTR. With unified evaluation protocols, we evaluate a series of representative text recognition methods on the collected datasets to provide baselines. The experimental results indicate that the performance of baselines on CTR datasets is not as good as that on English datasets due to the characteristics of Chinese texts that are quite different from the Latin alphabet. Moreover, we observe that by introducing radical-level supervision as an auxiliary task, the performance of baselines can be further boosted. The code and datasets are made publicly available at https://github.com/FudanVI/benchmarking-chinese-text-recognition
Seroreversion in Subjects Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy during Acute/Early HIV Infection (2006)

HIV antibody seroconversion on second-generation EIA antibody tests may fail to occur when ART is initiated early. Seroreversion was not uncommon among subjects treated early, although cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to HIV antigens remained detectable in most subjects. Antibody seroreversion did not indicate viral eradication. A third-generation EIA was the most sensitive test for HIV antibodies.
Energy Harvesting from Jamming Attacks in Multi-User Massive MIMO Networks (2022)

&lt;p&gt; 5G communication systems enable new functions and major performance improvements but at the cost of tougher energy requirements on mobile devices. One of the effective ways to address this issue along with alleviating the environmental effects associated with the inevitable large increase in energy usage is the energy-neutral systems, which operate with the energy harvested from radio-frequency (RF) transmissions. In this direction, this paper investigates the notion of harvesting the ambient RF signals from an unusual source. Specifically, the performance of an RF energy harvesting scheme for multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is investigated in the presence of multiple active jammers. The key idea is to exploit the jamming transmissions as an energy source to be harvested at the legitimate users. To this end, the achievable uplink sum rate expressions are derived in closed-form for two different antenna configurations. Two optimal time-switching schemes are also proposed based on maximum sum rate and user-fairness criteria. Besides, the essential trade-off between the harvested energy and achievable sum rate are quantified in closed-form. Our analysis reveals that the massive MIMO systems can exploit the surrounding RF signals of the jamming attacks for boosting the amount of harvested energy at the served users. Finally, numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the derived closed-form expressions through simulations. &lt;/p&gt;
Alteration of spermosphere ecosystems affecting oviposition by the bean seed fly and attack by soilborne fungi on germinating seeds (1978)

SUMMARY In laboratory studies, treating ‘Butternut’ squash (Cucurbita pepo) seeds with ascospores of Chaetomium globosum NRRL 6296 and 6297 reduced oviposition by the bean seed fly Hylemya platura (Meigen), and reduced seed rot caused by Pythium ultimum and P. aphanidermatum. Treatment of seeds with thiram or captan increased oviposition by the bean seed fly. In the field, treatment of snap bean seeds with C. globosum NRRL 6296, or a commercial seed treatment mixture containing captan, diazinon, and streptomycin sulphate, resulted in significantly less damage by bean seed fly larvae than a treatment with thiram.
Investigating the preparation of Cu3Mo2O9 as a photocatalyst (2022)

The structural formation of copper molybdate was investigated using a surfactant added during the preparation. The calcined materials were confirmed by XRD to be Cu3Mo2O9 and the absorbance band-gap was calculated to be ca. 2 eV. The addition of surfactant resulted in a platelet morphology, in contrast to the agglomerated particles of the standard preparation. Photocatalytic degradation over the catalysts was investigated with indigo carmine. The Cu3Mo2O9 catalysts were able to degrade the dye under irradiated conditions. However, the catalyst prepared with surfactant were not as active, although, surface decoration by Cu species was greatly reduced.
Detector dependency of diffusive quantum monitorings (2015)

Continuous measurements play a pivotal role in the study of dynamical open quantum systems. ``Dyne'' detections are among the most widespread and efficient measurement schemes, and give rise to quantum diffusion of the conditioned state. In this work we study under what conditions the detector dependency of the conditional state of a quantum system subject to diffusive monitoring can be demonstrated experimentally, in the sense of ruling out any detector-independent pure-state dynamical model for the system. We consider an arbitrary number $L$ of environments to which the system is coupled, and an arbitrary number $K$ of different types of dyne detections. We prove that nontrivial necessary conditions for such a demonstration can be determined efficiently by semidefinite programming. To determine sufficient conditions, different physical environmental couplings and Hamiltonians for a qubit and different sets of diffusive monitorings are scrutinized. We compare the threshold efficiencies that are sufficient in the various cases, as well as cases previously considered in the literature, to suggest the most feasible experimental options.
Processing and modeling issues for thin-film solar cell devices. Annual subcontract report, January 16, 1994--January 15, 1995 (1995)

This report describes results achieved during the second phase of a four year subcontract to develop and understand thin film solar cell technology related to a-Si and its alloys, CuIn{sub 1{minus}x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2}, and CdTe. Accomplishments during this phase include, development of equations and reaction rates for the formation of CuIn{sub 1{minus}x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} films by selenization, fabrication of a 15% efficient CuIn{sub 1{minus}x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} cell, development of a reproducible, reliable Cu-diffused contact to CdTe, investigation of the role of CdTe-CdS interdiffusion on device operation, investigation of the substitution of HCl for CdCl{sub 2} in the post-deposition heat treatment of CdTe/CdS, demonstration of an improved reactor design for deposition of a-Si films, demonstration of improved process control in the fabrication of a ten set series of runs producing {approximately}8% efficient a-Si devices, demonstration of the utility of a simplified optical model for determining quantity and effect of current generation in each layer of a triple stacked a-Si cell, presentation of analytical and modeling procedures adapted to devices produced with each material system, presentation of baseline parameters for devices produced with each material system, and various investigations of the roles played by other layers in thin film devices including the Mo underlayer, CdS and ZnO in CuIn{sub 1{minus}x}Ga{sub x}Se{sub 2} devices, the CdS in CdTe devices, and the ZnO as window layer and as part of the back surface reflector in a-Si devices. In addition, collaborations with over ten research groups are briefly described. 73 refs., 54 figs., 34 tabs.
CO-EXISTENT PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM AND ISOLATED ACTH DEFICIENCY (1976)

A 52 year old man is described in whom the simultaneous occurrence of isolated adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) deficiency and primary hypothyroidism was documented by the determination of six anterior pituitary hormones by specific radioimmunoassays after suitable stimulations. The urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids excretion was persistently reduced and was increased by repeated ACTH injections. The low basal metabolic rate, reduced serum thyroid hormones and elevated serum thyrotrophic hormone were consistent with primary hypothyroidism. After resumption of euthyroidism, secretory reserves of growth hormone and ACTH were assessed. The growth hormone reponse to insulin-induced hypoglycaemic was normal. No rise in plasma cortisol and ACTH was observed following insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Plasma ACTH was not augmented by iv infusion of metyrapone. The pathogenesis of two co-existent endocrine deficiencies was discussed.
Fuel Cell Tech Team Meeting: Engineered Nano-scale Ceramic Supports for PEM Fuel Cells [Slides] (2012)

Catalyst support durability is currently a technical barrier for commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, especially for transportation applications. Degradation and corrosion of the conventional carbon supports leads to losses in active catalyst surface area and, consequently, reduced performance. As a result, the goal of this work is to develop support materials that interact strongly with Pt, yet sustain bulk-like catalytic activities with very highly dispersed particles. Ceramic materials that are prepared using conventional solid-state methods have large grain sizes and low surface areas that can only be minimally ameliorated through grinding and ball milling. Other synthesis routes to produce ceramic materials must be investigated and utilized in order to obtain desired surface areas. In this work, several different synthesis methods are being utilized to prepare electronically conductive ceramic boride, nitride, and oxide materials with high surface areas and have the potential for use as PEMFC catalyst supports. Polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) and aerosol-through plasma (A-T-P) torch are among several methods used to obtain ceramic materials with surface areas that are equal to, or exceed Vulcan XC-72R supports. Cubic Mo-based ceramic phases have been prepared with average XRD-determined crystallite sizes as low as 1.6 nm (from full profile, XRD fitting) and a BET surface area exceeding 200 m{sup 2}/g. Additionally, black, sub-stoichiometric TiO{sub 2-x}, have been prepared with an average crystallite size in the 4 nm range and surface areas exceeding 250 m{sup 2}/gr. Pt disposition using an incipient wetness approach produced materials with activity for hydrogen redox reactions and ORR. Cyclic voltammetry data will be shown for a variety of potential Pt/ceramic catalysts. Initial experiments indicate enhanced Pt metal-support interactions as well. Plane wave periodic density functional calculations (VASP) are being used to predict the thermodynamic and activation barriers for fundamental electrode processes occurring at platinum surfaces supported on thin films of the ceramic support materials. The results of this work will be used in order to optimize support properties.
Human robot interaction and usability studies for a smart wheelchair (2004)

We build on previous work, on the development of a computer controlled wheelchair equipped with a suite of sensors and a novel interface for human-robot interaction. In this paper, we present experimental results and usability studies for the wheelchair. The architecture for human-robot interaction is hierarchical, with the lowest level corresponding to trajectory control, the intermediate level being behavioral and the highest level involving the composition of behaviors and navigation. Our experimental results illustrate the benefits of a shared-control paradigm where the human operator selects the appropriate behavior(s) or goals while the software is responsible for executing behaviors and generating safe trajectories. Experiments with human users highlight advantages of augmentation in wheelchairs.
An Epidemiologic Evaluation of Leprosy in New York City (1982)

Leprosy is a transmissible disease that is propagated from human to human. At the US Public Health Service hospital, New York City, the number of new leprosy cases per year during the 1970s was about three times greater than in the previous decade. This review of our 100 most recent leprosy patients shows that 60% were of the lepromatous and borderline lepromatous type. Ninety-nine of the patients were foreign born, originating in more than 26 countries. This emphasizes that, at this time, the leprosy problem in New York City is almost exclusively a reflection of immigration patterns. The majority of the patients were asymptomatic at the time of entering the United States. The average latent period from entering the United States until onset of symptoms was 4.8 years, with a range of 0 to 38 years. These figures emphasize the need for physicians to be aware that leprosy can occur as long as five to 40 years after emigration from endemic areas. For all types of leprosy, the average lag from the onset of symptoms to the time of diagnosis was 29.0 months (range, 0 to 245 months). Our experience indicates that a program of urban leprosy treatment using available drugs and supportive care is feasible.
HPSG-style underspecified Japanese grammar with wide coverage (1998)

This paper describes a wide-coverage Japanese grammar based on HPSG. The aim of this work is to see the coverage and accuracy attainable using an underspecified grammar. Underspecification, allowed in a typed feature structure formalism, enables us to write down a wide-coverage grammar concisely. The grammar we have implemented consists of only 6 ID schemata, 68 lexical entries (assigned to functional words), and 63 lexical entry templates (assigned to parts of speech (POSs) ). Furthermore, word-specific constraints such as subcategorization of verbs are not fixed in the grammar. However, this grammar can generate parse trees for 87% of the 10000 sentences in the Japanese EDR corpus. The dependency accuracy is 78% when a parser uses the heuristic that every bunsetsu is attached to the nearest possible one.
Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Indicators of Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Asymptomatic Dialysis Patients (2004)

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at high risk for heart failure, but the prevalence and the prognostic value of asymptomatic systolic dysfunction in these patients are unknown. In this prospective cohort study, the authors have therefore assessed by echocardiography the prevalence and the prognostic value of systolic function as estimated by ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening at endocardial level (endoFS), and at midwall (mwFS), in a cohort of 254 asymptomatic dialysis patients. Systolic dysfunction had a prevalence rate of 26% by endoFS and of 48% by mwFS. During the follow-up period, 125 patients had one or more fatal and nonfatal CV events. On multivariate COX regression analysis, the three LV systolic function indicators were independently associated with incident fatal and nonfatal CV events, and there were no differences in the predictive power of these indicators (P > 0.30). The prediction power of LV function indicators was largely independent of traditional and novel risk factors in ESRD such as C-reactive protein and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA). ADMA was significantly related with LV function indicators as well as with mortality and incident CV events, but these links were much reduced (P = NS) in models including LV function indicators. Of note, the risk of CV events was minimal in patients with normal LV mass and function, intermediate in patients with either LVH or systolic dysfunction, and maximal in patients displaying both alterations. The study of myocardial contractility by echocardiography provides prognostic information independently of LV mass and other risk factors in ESRD. Risk stratification by simple systolic function parameters may prove useful in secondary prevention strategies in these patients.
Electro-stimulation of S. cerevisiae wine yeasts by pulsed electric field and its effects on fermentation capacity (2013)

The batch fermentation process, inoculated by pulsed electric field (PEF) treated wine yeasts (S. cerevisiae Actiflore F33), was studied. PEF treatment was applied to the aqueous yeast suspensions (0.12 % wt.) at the electric field strengths of E=100 and 6000 V/cm using the same pulse protocol (number of pulses of n=1000, pulse duration of ti=100 mks, and pulse repetition time of dt=100 ms). Electro-stimulation was confirmed by the observed growth of electrical conductivity of suspensions. The fermentation was running at 30°C for 150 hours in an incubator with synchronic agitation. The obtained results clearly evidence the positive impact of PEF treatment on the batch fermentation process. Electro-stimulation resulted in improvement of such process characteristics as mass losses, consumption of soluble matter content (°Brix) and synthesis of proteins. It also resulted in a noticeable acceleration of consumption of sugars at the initial stage of fermentation in the lag phase. At the end of the lag phase (t=40 hours), consumption of fructose in samples with electrically activated inocula exceeded fructose consumption in samples with control inocula by 2.33 times when it was activated at E=100 V/cm and by 3.98 times after treatment at E=6000 V/cm. At the end of the log phase (120 hours of fermentation), 30% mass reduction was reached in samples with PEF-treated inocula (E=6000 V/cm), whereas the same mass reduction of the control sample required approximately, 20 hours of extra fermentation. The possible mechanisms of electro-stimulation are also discussed in details.