gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quorum-sensing- and type VI secretion-mediated spatiotemporal cell death drives genetic diversity in Vibrio cholerae (2022)

Bacterial colonies composed of genetically identical individuals can diversify to yield variant cells with distinct genotypes. Variant outgrowth manifests as sectors. Here, we show that Type VI secretion system (T6SS)-driven cell death in Vibrio cholerae colonies imposes a selective pressure for the emergence of variant strains that can evade T6SS-mediated killing. T6SS-mediated cell death occurs in two distinct spatiotemporal phases, and each phase is driven by a particular T6SS toxin. The first phase is regulated by quorum sensing and drives sectoring. The second phase does not require the T6SS-injection machinery. Variant V. cholerae strains isolated from colony sectors encode mutated quorum-sensing components that confer growth advantages by suppressing T6SS-killing activity while simultaneously boosting T6SS-killing defenses. Our findings show that the T6SS can eliminate sibling cells, suggesting a role in intra-specific antagonism. We propose that quorum-sensing-controlled T6SS-driven killing promotes V. cholerae genetic diversity, including in natural habitats and during disease.
Supplementary Figure S4 from <i>Nedd9</i> Restrains Autophagy to Limit Growth of Early Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;IHC asessment of dKP and KPN lungs from drug-treated mice&lt;/p&gt;
Monte Carlo simulations of the hydration of ammonium and carboxylate ions [Erratum to document cited in CA104(22):194099Y] (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMonte Carlo simulations of the hydration of ammonium and carboxylate ions [Erratum to document cited in CA104(22):194099Y]William L. Jorgensen and Jiali GaoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 12, 3692Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100323a073https://doi.org/10.1021/j100323a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Technical Note: High-Density Solid-State Image Sensor (1987)

A full-frame CCD sensor capable of imaging 1.4 megapixels has been developed for industrial and scientific applications. This sensor, used in an advanced camera developed by Eastman Kodak Co., has almost six times as many pixels as other sensors in advanced video cameras. The design and performance of the sensor are described, as well as features of the camera.
Direct ESR Detection of Pentadienyl Radicals and Peroxyl Radicals in Lipid Peroxidation:  Mechanistic Insight into Regioselective Oxygenation in Lipoxygenases (2005)

Well-resolved ESR spectra of free pentadienyl radicals have been observed under photoirradiation of di-tert-butylperoxide (Bu(t)OOBu(t)) and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the absence of O(2), allowing us to determine the hfc values. The hfc values of linoleyl radical indicate that the spin density is the largest at the C-11 position. The linoleyl radical is readily trapped by O(2) to produce the peroxyl radical (11-HPO.) in which O(2) is added mainly at the C-11 position of the pentadienyl radical as indicated by the comparison of the ESR spectra of peroxyl radicals derived from linoleic acid and [11,11-(2)H(2)]linoleic acid. The peroxyl radical (13-HPO.), which is initially formed by the hydrogen abstraction from 13-(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPOD) by Bu(t)O., is found to isomerize to 11-HPO. via removal of O(2) from 13-HPO. and addition of O(2) to linoleyl radical to produce 11-HPO. . This finding supports an idea of O(2) entering via a specific protein channel, which determines the stereo- and regiochemistry of the biradical combination between O(2) and linoleyl radical in lipoxygenases.
Anti-Tumor Efficacy of In Situ Vaccination Using Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (2023)

In situ vaccination (ISV) is a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy that consists of the intratumoral administration of immunostimulatory molecules (adjuvants). The rationale is that tumor antigens are abundant at the tumor site, and therefore, to elicit an effective anti-tumor immune response, all that is needed is an adjuvant, which can turn the immunosuppressive environment into an immunologically active one. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are potent adjuvants since they contain several microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) naturally present in the outer membrane and in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, they appear particularly indicted for ISV. In this work, we first show that the OMVs from <i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3)Δ60 strain promote a strong anti-tumor activity when intratumorally injected into the tumors of three different mouse models. Tumor inhibition correlates with a rapid infiltration of DCs and NK cells. We also show that the addition of neo-epitopes to OMVs synergizes with the vesicle adjuvanticity, as judged by a two-tumor mouse model. Overall, our data support the use of the OMVs in ISV and indicate that ISV efficacy can benefit from the addition of properly selected tumor-specific neo-antigens.
Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity of β-D-3′-Azido-2′,3′-unsaturated Nucleosides and β-D-3′-Azido-3′-deoxyribofuranosylnucleosides (2005)

Since the discovery of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (d4T) as potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there has been a growing interest for the synthesis of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'dideoxynucleosides with electron withdrawing groups on the sugar moiety. Here we described an efficient method for the synthesis of such nucleoside analogs bearing structural features of both AZT and d4T The key intermediate, 3-azido-1,2-bis-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-D-ribofuranose, 5 was synthesized from commercially available D-xylose in five steps, from which a series of pyrimidine and purine nucleosides were synthesized in high yields. The resultant protected nucleosides were converted to target nucleosides using appropriate chemical modifications. The final nucleosides were evaluated as potential anti-HIV agents.
Trustworthy AI (2020)

Modern AI systems are reaping the advantage of novel learning methods. With their increasing usage, we are realizing the limitations and shortfalls of these systems. Brittleness to minor adversarial changes in the input data, ability to explain the decisions, address the bias in their training data, high opacity in terms of revealing the lineage of the system, how they were trained and tested, and under which parameters and conditions they can reliably guarantee a certain level of performance, are some of the most prominent limitations. Ensuring the privacy and security of the data, assigning appropriate credits to data sources, and delivering decent outputs are also required features of an AI system. We propose the tutorial on Trustworthy AI to address six critical issues in enhancing user and public trust in AI systems, namely: (i) bias and fairness, (ii) explainability, (iii) robust mitigation of adversarial attacks, (iv) improved privacy and security in model building, (v) being decent, and (vi) model attribution, including the right level of credit assignment to the data sources, model architectures, and transparency in lineage.
Reclassification of Streptomyces rimosus subsp. paromomycinus as Streptomyces paromomycinus sp. nov. (2019)

Streptomyces rimosus is currently composed of two subspecies: Streptomyces rimosus subsp. rimosus and Streptomyces rimosus subsp. paromomycinus. The 16S rRNA gene similarity between type strains of these two subspecies is 99.03 %, whereas that between S. rimosus subsp. paromomycinus and Streptomyces chrestomyceticusis 100 %. To assess the taxonomic status of S. rimosus subsp. paromomycinus, genome sequencing was performed on the type strains of S. rimosus subsp. paromomycinus and S. chrestomyceticus. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between S. rimosus subsp. paromomycinus NBRC 15454<sup>T</sup> and S. rimosus subsp. rimosus ATCC 10970<sup>T</sup> and between S. rimosus subsp. paromomycinus NBRC 15454<sup>T</sup> and S. chrestomyceticus NBRC 13444<sup>T</sup> were 35.4 and 59.9 %, respectively, which are less than the thresholds for bacterial species delineation and indicate that S. rimosus subsp. paromomycinus is not S. rimosus, but an independent species different from S. rimosus and S. chrestomyceticus. In addition, phenotypic data also support that S. rimosus subsp. paromomycinus is distinct from S. chrestomyceticus. Therefore, S. rimosus subsp. paromomycinus should be reclassified as a novel species, for which we propose the name Streptomyces paromomycinus sp. nov. The type strain is NBRC 15454<sup>T</sup> (=ATCC 14827<sup>T</sup>=DSM 41429<sup>T</sup>=JCM 4541<sup>T</sup>=JCM 4871<sup>T</sup>=NRRL 2455<sup>T</sup>=VKM Ac-605<sup>T</sup>).
High-k Dielectrics for Ge, III-V and Graphene MOSFETs (2009)

It is well known that the existence of a high quality oxide on Si has been key to the success of Si metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). Replacing SiO2 with high-k dielectrics in order to reduce gate tunneling currents has proven to be challenging, though it is now a manufacturable technique. Scaling of Si CMOS logic devices to the next level has led to a flurry of activity in enhanced channel mobility MOSFETs, using semiconductors from Column IV such as Ge and graphene, and III-V materials such as GaAs, InGaAs and InP. Since these materials lack a high-quality native oxide, integrating high-k gate dielectrics represents a marriage of necessity and convenience. It is known that atomic layer deposition (ALD) offers precise control over the uniformity and thickness of the deposited high-k films through a self-limiting reaction. Furthermore, ALD can potentially offer the advantage of reducing native oxides by appropriate engineering of the precursor chemistry. Nevertheless, integrating ALD high-k on Ge, graphene and III-V materials necessitates the use of an effective chemical surface treatment protocol. This is to alter the surface properties in order to ensure full surface coverage from the beginning of ALD runs, while preventing the re-oxidation.
Circuit Topologies, Modeling, Control Schemes, and Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters (2014)

Modular multilevel converters have several attractive features such as a modular structure, the capability of transformer-less operation, easy scalability in terms of voltage and current, low expense for redundancy and fault tolerant operation, high availability, utilization of standard components, and excellent quality of the output waveforms. These features have increased the interest of industry and research in this topology, resulting in the development of new circuit configurations, converter models, control schemes, and modulation strategies. This paper presents a review of the latest achievements of modular multilevel converters regarding the mentioned research topics, new applications, and future trends.
On the internal quantum efficiency for InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes grown on insulating substrates (Phys. Status Solidi A 12∕2016) (2016)

The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is one of the key figures of merit for III-nitride based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The Feature Article by Zi-Hui Zhang et al. (pp. 3078–3102) presents a comprehensive study revealing key factors influencing the IQE for III-nitride based LEDs. Design strategies were discussed to reduce the electron escape, improve the hole injection, suppress the carrier loss caused by the nonradiative recombination, enhance the current spreading, screen the polarization-induced electric field in the multiple quantum well (MQW) region, etc. New concepts were introduced and novel device designs were demonstrated to improve the IQE for III-nitride based LEDs, such as the polarization self-screening effect, the polarization cooling effect, the hole accelerator, the hole modulator, the PNP-GaN current spreading layer, etc., enriching device physics for III-nitride LEDs. These designs also provide general guidelines that might be effective to increase the IQE for III-nitride deep ultraviolet LEDs, which currently are substantially impacted by the poor carrier injection efficiency, the current crowding effect, the strong quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) in the MQW region, and so on
Encrypted Key Transport for Secure RTP (2009)

SRTP Encrypted Key Transport (EKT) is an extension to SRTP that
provides for the secure transport of SRTP master keys, Rollover
Counters, and other information, within SRTCP. This facility enables
SRTP to work for decentralized conferences with minimal control, and
to handle situations caused by SIP forking and early media.
An examination of trends in antibiotic prescribing in primary care and the association with area-level deprivation in England (2020)

Although antibiotic prescribing has reduced over time, there remains significant variation in by area-level deprivation and region in England - with higher antibiotic prescribing in more deprived areas. Future prescribing targets should account for local factors to ensure the most deprived communities are not inappropriately penalised.
Ordering of bond length fluctuations in the copper-oxide superconductors (2002)

The phase diagram of La2 − xSrxCuO4 is interpreted. From the virial theorem, it is argued that the crossover from localized to itinerant electronic behavior in the range 0 < x < 0.3 is first order, and cooperative bond length fluctuations give spinodal phase segregations below room temperature between the superconductive phase at 0.15 < x < 0.18 and either the parent, antiferromagnetic phase at x = 0 or the overdoped phase x > 0.25. In the interval 0.1 < x < 0.27, the short-length-scale bond length fluctuations between strongly and weakly correlated regions order progressively with decreasing temperature T < 300 K into static or travelling CDW/SDW stripes corresponding to x = 1/8,1/6,5/24, or 1/4. Hybridization of itinerant electrons with a traveling x = 1/6 CDW/SDW gives the heavy fermions that condense into superconductive pairs.
Nanoscale Push-Push Dihydrophenanthrene Derivatives as Novel Fluorophores for Two-Photon-Excited Fluorescence (2001)

Fluorescein wird bei weitem übertroffen von Fluorophoren wie 1, die zu hohen Zwei-Photonen-Absorptionsquerschnitten σ2 im roten Bereich des sichtbaren Spektrums oder im NIR-Bereich sowie zu hohen Fluoreszenz-Quantenausbeuten Φ führen (siehe Diagramm; GM=10−50 cm4 s pro Photon). Dies könnte für die Darstellung von Zellmembranen durch Zwei-Photonen-Mikroskopie interessant sein. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Straight-bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with a Directed Guide Vane Row (2008)

A straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbine with a directed guide vane row has been proposed in order to enhance its torque. The experimental study of the proposed wind turbine was carried out by a wind tunnel with an outlet diameter of 1.8m. The tested rotor has some straight rotor blades with a profile of NACA0015, a diameter of 0.6 m and a height of 0.7 m. The guide vane row having 3 arc plates rotates around the rotor and is directed to the wind by aerodynamic force generated by tail vanes, so as to put the guide vane row in upstream of the rotor. As a result, the performance of the straight-bladed vertical axis turbine was improved by means of the directed guide vane row. Further, by the use of the guide vane row adopted in the study, the power coefficient of the proposed wind turbine was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the original wind turbine which has no guide vane.
Analysis of the escherichia coli CsdA-CsdE heterodimeric cysteine desulfurase, a new (Fe-S) biogenesis system (2005)

International audience
A software defined radio testbed for research in dynamic spectrum access (2012)

With the rapidly-increasing amount of high data rate wireless devices, technologies and services appearing on the market today, there is an increasing demand for the wireless spectrum. Current wireless networks are characterized by a static spectrum allocation policy, where governmental agencies assign wireless spectrum to license holders on a long-term basis for large geographical regions. Recently, because of the increase in spectrum demand, this policy faces spectrum scarcity in particular spectrum bands. Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) shows promise to increase spectral efficiency. DSA aims at dynamically sharing spectrum that is licensed to primary users (PUs) with non-licensed secondary users (SUs). In order to effectively share spectrum the SUs must be sure to access the spectrum only when the PUs are not utilizing it, otherwise the SUs could cause interference to the PUs. One method to determine when a PU is accessing the spectrum is for a SU to identify if the spectrum is occupied or not through spectrum sensing. Spectrum probing is a key component in spectrum sensing and defines the policy for when the SU will perform a channel scan of the spectrum to collect spectral data to be used for spectrum sensing.\nThis work describes the development of a software defined radio (SDR) testbed based on the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) for research in DSA with a focus in spectrum probing methods. Spectrum probing methodology is an often overlooked component of spectrum sensing. Theoretical analysis and simulation results for comparing different spectrum probing methods are presented in [1]. This work expands on the work in [1] by using the developed SDR testbed to collect experimental data and compare the results. Different spectrum probing methods are implemented for the case of an independent SU and for the case of a cooperative network of SUs. Experimental results are compared to theoretical analysis and simulated results. The experimental findings further support the conclusions based on simulation in [1]. In particular, in the independent sensing scenario, periodic probing indeed achieves the smallest probing delay; however, in the cooperative sensing scenario randomization can drastically reduce the probing delay.
Impact of Adalimumab (HUMIRA®) on Patient-Reported Outcomes (2007)

Purpose: Adalimumab (ADA) is approved for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD). Limited research has been reported on the impact of anti-TNF therapy on depressive (D) and fatigue (F) symptoms. Methods: To assess the effect of ADA maintenance on F and D symptoms and traditional patient-reported outcomes (PROs), among randomized responders (RR) [pts with ≥70 point decrease from baseline CDAI score at Week (Wk) 4] in CHARM. All pts received a starting regimen of open-label (OL) ADA: 80 mg at BL (Wk 0), 40 mg ADA at Wk 2. At Wk 4, pts were stratified by response and randomized to a maintenance regimen: 40 mg ADA EOW or EW, or PBO. Differences in PROs [SF-36, IBDQ, FACIT-Fatigue (F), and Zung Depression scale (ZD)] at Wks 0, 4, 12, 26, and 56 were evaluated for those receiving ADA induction only (IO) and ADA maintenance (IM) therapy among RR. Fatigue was measured by FACIT-F (scale range 0–52), a 3–4 point change was considered clinically meaningful. Depressive symptoms were measured by ZD (scale range 20–80, with >50 = D state). Results: 499 responders were randomized at Wk 4 (IO, N = 170; IM, N = 329). Week 0 PROs indicated impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The mean Wk 0 FACIT-F score = 23, similar to cancer pts with anemia. The mean Wk 0 ZD score (IO = 55, IM = 56) suggested depression among CD pts. Pts improved across all 4 PROs during the IO phase (Wk 4 vs. Wk 0). PROs from Wks 12–56 showed significantly improved HRQOL for pts in the IM group vs. the IO group. FACIT-F scores showed F symptoms were reduced in the IM group (P < 0.01 vs. IO). Reductions in ZD scores showed statistically significantly reduced D symptoms in the IM group (P < 0.01 vs. IO). SF-36 Physical Component (PCS) and Mental Component (MCS) Summary PROs were greater for the IM group at Wks 26 and 56 (all P≤ 0.05 vs. IO). Disease-specific IBDQ score improvements were highly significant and sustained for the IM group (P < 0.01 vs. IO) throughout the study. Conclusion: Substantial and sustained benefits were observed for fatigue and depression outcomes in CD patients receiving ADA maintenance therapy. Adalimumab maintenance therapy also resulted in significant and sustained improvements in CD-specific (IBDQ) and general (SF-36, PCS and MCS) HRQOL measurements, compared with induction only therapy.
Model Validation at the 204-MW New Mexico Wind Energy Center (2006)

Poster for WindPower 2006 held June 4-7, 2006, in Pittsburgh, PA, describing model validation at the 204-MW New Mexico Wind Energy Center.
Synthesis and Performance Study of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride Using WC–B4C–Al2O3 as a Binder (2022)

Using WC–B4C–Al2O3 as a binder, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) composite materials were synthesized under high temperature and ultra-high pressure conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the phase composition and microstructure of the composite material. At the same time, the porosity, microhardness, flexural strength, and abrasion ratio of the composite material were tested. The research results show that at ultra-high pressure (6 GPa) and temperature between 1250 and 1550°C, the phase components in PCBN are mainly composed of BN, WB2, WB, and Al2O3. During low-temperature sintering, the internal structure of the sample is loose, with holes and gaps, resulting in poor compactness, low bending strength, and low microhardness. With the increase of temperature, the compactness, flexural strength, and microhardness of PCBN are obviously enhanced. When the sintering temperature is 1550°C, the comprehensive mechanical properties of PCBN are the best, with microhardness of 38.6 GPa, flexural strength of 789.6 MPa, and wear ratio of 9371.