gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dark‐cure studies of cationic photopolymerizations of epoxides: Characterization of the active center lifetime and kinetic rate constants (2003)

Abstract We have characterized the effective rate constants for termination/trapping ( k t/t ) and propagation ( k p ) for solvent‐free cationic photopolymerizations of phenyl glycidyl ether for conversions up to 50%. We have performed dark‐cure experiments in which active centers are produced photochemically for a specified period of time until the initiating light is shuttered off, and then the polymerization rate is monitored in the dark. This method is especially well suited for characterizing cationic polymerizations because of the long active center lifetimes. Our analysis provides profiles of the instantaneous kinetic rate constants as functions of conversion (or time). For photopolymerizations of phenyl glycidyl ether initiated with iodonium photoinitiators, k t/t and k p remain essentially invariant for conversions up to 50%. For the photoinitiator (tolycumyl) iodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate (IPB), the values of k t/t at 50 and 60 °C are 0.027 and 0.033 min −1 , respectively. The corresponding values of k t/t for diaryliodonium hexafluoroantimonate (IHA) are 0.041 and 0.068 min −1 . The values of k p at 50 °C for IPB and IHA are 0.6 and 0.4 L mol −1 s −1 , respectively. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2064–2072, 2003
Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hydrogen Production via Gasification of Vacuum Residue Integrated with Dry Methane Reforming (2021)

The continuous rise of global carbon emissions demands the utilization of fossil fuels in a sustainable way. Owing to various forms of emissions, our environment conditions might be affected, necessitating more focus of scientists and researchers to upgrade oil processing to more efficient manner. Gasification is a potential technology that can convert fossil fuels to produce clean and environmentally friendly hydrogen fuel in an economical manner. Therefore, this study analyzed and examined it critically. In this study, two different routes for the produc-tion of high-purity hydrogen from vacuum residue while minimizing the carbon emissions were proposed. The first route (Case I) studied the gasification of heavy vacuum residue (VR) in series with dry methane reforming (DMR). The second route studied the gasification of VR in parallel integration with DMR (Case II). After investigating both processes, a brief comparison was made between the two routes of hydrogen production in terms of their CO2 emissions, en-ergy efficiency, energy consumption, and environmental and economic impacts. In this study, the two vacuum-residue-to-hydrogen (VRTH) processes were simulated using Aspen Plus for a hydrogen production capacity of 50 t/h with 99.9 wt.% purity. The results showed that Case II offered a process energy efficiency of 57.8%, which was slightly higher than that of Case I. The unit cost of the hydrogen product for Case II was USD 15.95 per metric ton of hydrogen, which was almost 9% lower than that of Case I. In terms of the environmental analysis, both cases had comparably low carbon emissions of around 8.3 kg of CO2/kg of hydrogen produced; with such high purity, the hydrogen could be used for production of other products further downstream or for industrial applications.
Stimulatory Effects of Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone on Leydig Cell Function and Spermatogenesis in Immature Hypophysectomized Rats* (1991)

Although earlier reports suggest a stimulatory effect of FSH on Leydig cell function, controversy exists due to unavailability of FSH preparations free of contaminating LH. Recent availability of recombinant human FSH preparations made it possible to reinvestigate this question. Immature male rats were hypophysectomized (21-22 days old at surgery) and implanted with osmotic minipumps releasing 8 IU recombinant FSH or 18 IU purified human pituitary FSH (hpFSH)/day, whereas control animals received vehicle alone. After 7 days of treatment, testicular weight increased in the recombinant FSH and hpFSH-treated animals to values 2.3- and 2.5-fold those of controls, respectively. Analyses of the steroidogenic capacity of Leydig cells in testes of rats treated with recombinant FSH or hpFSH also revealed 2.9- and 3.8-fold androgen production in vitro compared to controls. In these rats recombinant FSH and hpFSH increased the LH receptor number in testicular homogenate by 50% and 70%, respectively. The increase in LH receptor number was associated with increases in the LH receptor mRNA levels. In hypophysectomized control rats, small seminiferous tubules contained spermatogonia and zygotene/early pachytene spermatocytes. In contrast, treatment with either FSH preparation enhanced the progression of meiosis, as evidenced by large number of pachytene spermatocytes and appearance of round spermatids. The present results show that LH-free recombinant FSH, like purified pituitary FSH, is capable of increasing the LH receptor content and steroidogenic responsiveness of Leydig cells through paracrine mechanisms together with a stimulatory effect on spermatogenesis. These observations suggest that prepubertal elevation of FSH secretion may be important for increasing Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity and spermatogenic progression.
Light Output Enhancement of Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes with Pattern HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Distributed Bragg Reflector (2010)

2010 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Light Output Enhancement of Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes with Pattern HfO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Distributed Bragg Reflector
Autotaxin and LPA Receptors Represent Potential Molecular Targets for the Radiosensitization of Murine Glioma through Effects on Tumor Vasculature (2011)

Despite wide margins and high dose irradiation, unresectable malignant glioma (MG) is less responsive to radiation and is uniformly fatal. We previously found that cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA(2)) is a molecular target for radiosensitizing cancer through the vascular endothelium. Autotaxin (ATX) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors are downstream from cPLA(2) and highly expressed in MG. Using the ATX and LPA receptor inhibitor, α-bromomethylene phosphonate LPA (BrP-LPA), we studied ATX and LPA receptors as potential molecular targets for the radiosensitization of tumor vasculature in MG. Treatment of Human Umbilical Endothelial cells (HUVEC) and mouse brain microvascular cells bEND.3 with 5 µmol/L BrP-LPA and 3 Gy irradiation showed decreased clonogenic survival, tubule formation, and migration. Exogenous addition of LPA showed radioprotection that was abrogated in the presence of BrP-LPA. In co-culture experiments using bEND.3 and mouse GL-261 glioma cells, treatment with BrP-LPA reduced Akt phosphorylation in both irradiated cell lines and decreased survival and migration of irradiated GL-261 cells. Using siRNA to knock down LPA receptors LPA1, LPA2 or LPA3 in HUVEC, we demonstrated that knockdown of LPA2 but neither LPA1 nor LPA3 led to increased viability and proliferation. However, knockdown of LPA1 and LPA3 but not LPA2 resulted in complete abrogation of tubule formation implying that LPA1 and LPA3 on endothelial cells are likely targets of BrP-LPA radiosensitizing effect. Using heterotopic tumor models of GL-261, mice treated with BrP-LPA and irradiation showed a tumor growth delay of 6.8 days compared to mice treated with irradiation alone indicating that inhibition of ATX and LPA receptors may significantly improve malignant glioma response to radiation therapy. These findings identify ATX and LPA receptors as molecular targets for the development of radiosensitizers for MG.
Multiparametric sensing of outer membrane vesicle-derived supported lipid bilayers demonstrates the specificity of bacteriophage interactions (2022)

ABSTRACT The use of bacteriophage, viruses that specifically infect bacteria, as antibiotics has become an area of great interest in recent years as the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics recedes. The detection of phage interactions with specific bacteria in a rapid and quantitative way is key for identifying phage of interest for novel antimicrobials. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from gram-negative bacteria can be used to make supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and therefore in vitro membrane models that contain naturally occurring components of the bacterial outer membrane. In this study, we used Escherichia coli OMV derived SLBs and use both fluorescent imaging and surface sensitive techniques to show their interactions with T4 phage. We also integrate these bilayers with microelectrode arrays (MEAs) functionalised with the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS and show that the pore forming interactions of the phage with the SLBs can be monitored using electrical impedance spectroscopy. To highlight our ability to detect specific phage interactions, we also generate SLBs using OMVs derived from Citrobacter rodentium , which is resistant to T4 phage infection, and identify their lack of interaction with phage. The work presented here shows how interactions occurring between phage and these complex SLB systems can be monitored using a range of experimental techniques. We believe this approach can be used to identify phage against bacterial strains of interest, as well as more generally to monitor any pore forming structure (such as defensins) interacting with bacterial outer membranes, and thus aid in the development of next generation antimicrobials.
A statistical approach towards robust progress estimation (2011)

The need for accurate SQL progress estimation in the context of decision support administration has led to a number of techniques proposed for this task. Unfortunately, no single one of these progress estimators behaves robustly across the variety of SQL queries encountered in practice, meaning that each technique performs poorly for a significant fraction of queries. This paper proposes a novel estimator selection framework that uses a statistical model to characterize the sets of conditions under which certain estimators outperform others, leading to a significant increase in estimation robustness. The generality of this framework also enables us to add a number of novel "special purpose" estimators which increase accuracy further. Most importantly, the resulting model generalizes well to queries very different from the ones used to train it. We validate our findings using a large number of industrial real-life and benchmark workloads.
Formation of Porous SiC Ceramics by Pyrolysis of Wood Impregnated with Silica (2006)

Biomorphous β‐SiC ceramics were produced at 1400°C from pine wood impregnated with silica. This one‐step carbothermal reduction process decreases the cost of manufacturing of SiC ceramics compared with siliconization of carbonized wood in silicon vapor. The synthesized sample exhibits a 14 m 2 /g surface area and has a hybrid pore structure with large 5–20 μm tubular macropores and small (&lt;50 nm) slit‐shaped mesopores. SiC whiskers of 20–400 nm in diameter and 5–20 μm in length formed within the tubular pores. These whiskers are expected to improve the filtration by removing dust particles that could otherwise penetrate through large pores. After ultrasonic milling, the powdered sample showed an average particle size of ∼30 nm. The SiC nanopowder produced in this process may be used for manufacturing SiC ceramics for structural, tribological, and other applications.
Copper complexes of the non-innocent β-diketiminate ligand containing phenol groups (2012)

A new type of non-innocent β-diketiminate ligand having redox active phenol groups (LH(3), fully protonated form) has been developed, and the structure, physical properties and reactivity of the supported copper(II) complex [Cu(II)(L(3-))](-) (L(3-), fully deprotonated tri-anionic form) as well as the one-electron and two-electron oxidised complexes, [Cu(II)(L˙(2-))] and [Cu(II)(L(-))](+), have been examined in detail. The two-electron oxidised form [Cu(II)(L(-))](+) exhibited hydrogen atom abstraction ability from 1,4-cyclohexadiene (CHD), whereas the one-electron oxidised form [Cu(II)(L˙(2-))] was found to disproportionate into [Cu(II)(L(3-))](-) and [Cu(II)(L(-))](+) during the course of the reaction with CHD.
Copolymerization of ethylene or propylene with α‐olefins containing hydroxyl groups with zirconocene/methylaluminoxane catalyst (2003)

Abstract Copolymerization of olefins (ethylene and propylene) and 5‐hexen‐1‐ol pretreated with alkylaluminum was performed using [dimethysilylbis(9‐fluorenyl)]zirconium dichloride/methylaluminoxane as the catalyst. The copolymerization required extra addition of alkylaluminum to prevent deactivation of the catalyst when 5‐hexen‐1‐ol was pretreated with trimethylaluminum, whereas the triisobutylaluminum‐treated system did not require any addition of alkylaluminum. The molecular weight of the copolymer depended on the kind of alkylaluminum compound (masking reagent, additive, and cocatalyst). 13 C NMR analysis proved that poly(ethylene‐ co ‐5‐hexen‐1‐ol) containing 50 mol % of 5‐hexen‐1‐ol acted as an alternating copolymer, whereas the poly(propylene‐ co ‐5‐hexen‐1‐ol) acted as a random copolymer. The surface property of the copolymers was simply evaluated by means of water drop contact angle measurement. It was found that the copolymers containing large amounts of 5‐hexen‐1‐ol units showed good hydrophilic properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 52–58, 2004
Visualization of the Orientational Structure of the Human Stria of Gennari with High-Resolution DWI (2011)

Discussion: In this study the orientational structure of the human Stria of Gennari has been visualized for the first time by high-resolution DWI measurements. Tissue orientation within the SoG was strikingly reduced. This is consistent with the known SoG myeloarchitecture, which consists of heavily-myelinated intracortical axonal fibres running parallel to the cortical surface, orthogonally crossing the dense radial bundles of myelinated axons emerging from the white matter. This fibre crossing structure can lead to reduced anisotropy. However, our observation also implies that the axons lying within the SoG have no preferred orientation in this plane. In V1, the orientational structure allows discrimination of at least four cortical layers, and enables clear differentiation between cortical areas V1 and V2. This data should enable estimation of intracortical connectivity.
High ratio of interfollicular CD8/FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells is associated with a high FLIPI index and poor overall survival in follicular lymphoma (2010)

Several studies have highlighted the importance of the microenvironment in the behaviour of follicular lymphoma (FL). We conducted an immunohistochemical analysis to assess the role of different cell subpopulations, i.e. CD8, CD68 and forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3)-positive regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in 84 lymph nodes of 58 patients with FL (58 at diagnosis, 26 at relapse). Since the overall effect of Tregs is considered to depend on their number in relation to CD8(+) effector T cells, we determined the corresponding ratio for each patient and correlated the results with clinical parameters. The interfollicular CD8/FOXP3(+) cell ratio was significantly higher in patients with histological grade 3 tumours (2.04 vs. 1.63) and with a high risk FLIPI index (2.99 vs. 1.53) compared to those with grade 1-2 tumours or a low-intermediate FLIPI index. Similar results were obtained for the follicular CD8(+)/FOXP3(+) cell ratio. The interfollicular CD8/FOXP3 ratio was found to have prognostic value [a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 82 vs. 59% for a ratio of ±1.68]. In addition, an interfollicular FOXP3(+) cell number of more than 86 cells/mm(2) was correlated with a more favourable outcome (p=0.03). When patients at diagnosis and relapse were compared, a significant difference (p=0.05) in the localization (interfollicular vs. intrafollicular) of FOXP3(+) cells was observed. The CD8/FOXP3 ratio in the interfollicular areas was significantly different (1.66 at diagnosis vs. 2.2 at relapse, p=0.05). The presence of a small number of FOXP3(+) cells with a high CD8/FOXP3 ratio is probably the indicator of an active immune response during tumour development, with lymphoma cells acting as targets or bystanders.
Biochemical and Physiological Properties of Rhodopsin Regenerated with 11-cis-6-Ring- and 7-Ring-retinals (2002)

Phototransduction is initiated by the photoisomerization of rhodopsin (Rho) chromophore 11-cis-retinylidene to all-trans-retinylidene. Here, using Rho regenerated with retinal analogs with different ring sizes, which prevent isomerization around the C(11)=C(12) double bond, the activation mechanism of this G-protein-coupled receptor was investigated. We demonstrate that 11-cis-7-ring-Rho does not activate G-protein in vivo and in vitro, and that it does not isomerize along other double bonds, suggesting that it fits tightly into the binding site of opsin. In contrast, bleaching 11-cis-6-ring-Rho modestly activates phototransduction in vivo and at low pH in vitro. These results reveal that partial activation is caused by isomerization along other double bonds in more rigid 6-locked retinal isomers and protonation of key residues by lowering pH in 11-cis-6-ring-Rhos. Full activation is not achieved, because isomerization does not induce a complete set of conformational rearrangements of Rho. These results with 6- and 7-ring-constrained retinoids provide new insights into Rho activation and suggest a potential use of locked retinals, particularly 11-cis-7-ring-retinal, to inactivate opsin in some retinal degeneration diseases.
Asymptotic series solution of optimal systems with small time delay (1973)

A fixed final time free end-point optimal problem with a small time delay is considered. This problem leads to a nonlinear boundary-value problem consisting of both advanced- and retarded-type differential-difference equations. An asymptotic power series solution to the problem is constructed in terms of time delay. This asymptotic approximation procedure is aimed at improving a "nominal design" in which the small time delay is neglected. A scalar example illustrates the construction of asymptotic expansions. Numericai results on a coupled-core nuclear-reactor power control problem clearly show the advantages of the method.
Loudness Normalization in the Age of Portable Media Players (2010)

The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract and extended precis that have been peer reviewed by at least two qualified anonymous reviewers. This convention paper has been reproduced from the author&amp;apos;s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents.
The Toxicology of Chemokine Inhibition (2005)

The dividing line between essential physiological inflammatory processes and excessive pathological inflammation is often very thin - in some circumstances, indeed, it may be non-existent. Devising anti-inflammatory medications that effectively target only the pathological component therefore remains a central challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. At present, the general rule is that the more powerful the anti-inflammatory effect of a drug, the greater the side-effects that accompany it. Steroids, for example, are potent anti-inflammatory medications, but they have a diverse array of side effects that substantially limit their use. Since chemokines play a central role in regulating the immune system, and in particular, the trafficking of leukocytes, inhibiting their action may represent a powerful new therapeutic strategy for treating diseases with an inflammatory component. However, this potential will only be realized if it is possible to interfere with chemokine signaling networks, without inducing unacceptable side effects. Although very little, direct human toxicology has been carried out using chemokine inhibitors, there is now a sufficient body of indirect and circumstantial evidence (for example, from genetically modified mice and from animal model studies using chemokine inhibitors) to allow a tentative assessment of the biological impact of chemokine inhibition. The purpose of this review is to outline the available data and to speculate on the likely toxicological profile resulting from chemokine inhibition. The tentative conclusion is that anti-inflammatory therapy achieved through chemokine inhibition may have fewer side effects than originally expected, even when the actions of multiple chemokines are inhibited simultaneously.
The Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2: A New Target for Insulin Resistance? (2022)

The SH2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2) plays essential roles in fundamental signaling pathways, conferring on it versatile physiological functions during development and in homeostasis maintenance, and leading to major pathological outcomes when dysregulated. Many studies have documented that SHP2 modulation disrupted glucose homeostasis, pointing out a relationship between its dysfunction and insulin resistance, and the therapeutic potential of its targeting. While studies from cellular or tissue-specific models concluded on both pros-and-cons effects of SHP2 on insulin resistance, recent data from integrated systems argued for an insulin resistance promoting role for SHP2, and therefore a therapeutic benefit of its inhibition. In this review, we will summarize the general knowledge of SHP2's molecular, cellular, and physiological functions, explaining the pathophysiological impact of its dysfunctions, then discuss its protective or promoting roles in insulin resistance as well as the potency and limitations of its pharmacological modulation.
Modeling data flow and control flow for high level memory management (2003)

The goal of this paper is to advocate a control flow independent modeling of data flow in applicative algorithm specifications. The model is utilized in the synthesis of ASIC architectures for real-time signal processing applications. It allows for a generalization of control flow transformations which are used to optimize the memory organization at an early stage in the synthesis trajectory. Arguments supporting the inherent amenity of this type of model for use in efficacious memory management optimization schemes will be adduced. A CAD tool is reported which extracts all information related to the model from an applicative algorithm description. Its use is demonstrated on a real-life test vehicle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Self-assembling fluidic machines (2004)

This letter describes dynamic self-assembly of two-component rotors floating at the interface between liquid and air into simple, reconfigurable mechanical systems (“machines”). The rotors are powered by an external, rotating magnetic field, and their positions within the interface are controlled by: (i) repulsive hydrodynamic interactions between them and (ii) by localized magnetic fields produced by an array of small electromagnets located below the plane of the interface. The mechanical functions of the machines depend on the spatiotemporal sequence of activation of the electromagnets.
Omega 3 supplementation reduces C-reactive protein, prostaglandin E2 and the granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio in heavy smokers: An open-label randomized crossover trial (2022)

Omega 3 fatty acids taken at 3.6 g/day significantly reduce systemic inflammation with negligible adverse health effects in people who smoke or have smoked and are at high risk of lung cancer.ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT number: NCT03936621.