gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alcoholic Ketoacidosis and Isopropyl Alcohol Intoxication (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial entitled "Cyanide Poisoning—A Challenge" (Archives137:993-994, 1977) contained a statement that "cyanide intoxication and diabetes mellitus (are) the only two major clinical situations with very high levels of serum acetone and acetone bodies." If indeed cyanide intoxication is a major clinical situation, then I would like to add two additional situations, ie, alcoholic ketoacidosis<sup>1</sup>and isopropyl rubbing alcohol intoxication.<sup>2</sup> The syndrome of alcoholic ketoacidosis occurs in nondiabetic alcoholics, typically after a period of prolonged vomiting and decreased food intake. The fact that a mild ketosis may arise from starvation or prolonged vomiting is well known; the mechanism for the severe ketosis reported in nondiabetic alcoholics remains speculative. The syndrome is probably underdiagnosed because there tends to be an unusually high ratio of β-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate; only the latter is measured by the nitroprusside test (Acetest). Therefore, a metabolic acidosis with an apparently unexplained
Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Multi-Ethnic United States Population (2016)

Variation in the incidence of early AMD exists among racial/ethnic groups in the United States and is not explained by the clinical, genetic, and environmental factors included in this study.
Separation of Americium by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Diglycolamides Water-Soluble Complexing Agents (2016)

Recycling americium (Am) alone from spent nuclear fuels is an important option studied for the future nuclear cycle (Generation IV systems) since Am belongs to the main contributors of the long-term radiotoxicity and heat power of final waste. Since 2008, a liquid-liquid extraction process called EXAm has been developed by the CEA to allow the recovery of Am alone from a PUREX raffinate (a dissolution solution already cleared from U, Np and Pu). A mixture of DMDOHEMA (N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-dioctyl-2-(2-(hexyloxy)ethyl)-malonamide) and HDEHP (di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid) in TPH is used as the solvent and the Am/Cm selectivity is improved using TEDGA (N,N,N’,N’-tetraethyldiglycolamide) as a selective complexing agent to maintain Cm and heavier lanthanides in the acidic aqueous phase (5 M HNO3). Americium is then stripped selectively from light lanthanides at low acidity (pH=3) with a polyaminocarboxylic acid. The feasibility of sole Am recovery was already demonstrated during hot tests in ATALANTE facility and the EXAm process was adapted to a concentrated raffinate to optimize the process compactness. The speciation of TEDGA complexes formed in the aqueous phase with Am, Cm and lanthanides was studied to better understand and model the behavior of TEDGA in the process. Some Ln-TEDGA species are extracted into the organic phase and this specific chemistry might play a role in the Am/Cm selectivity improvement. Hence the hydrophilicity-lipophilicity balance of the complexing agent is an important parameter. In this comprehensive study, new analogues of TEDGA were synthesized and tested in the EXAm process conditions to understand the relationship between their structure and selectivity. New derivatives of TEDGA with different N-alkyl chain lengths and ramifications were synthesized. The impact of lipophilicity on ligand partitioning and Am/Cm selectivity was investigated.
Supplementary figures 1 through 9, supplementary tables 1 through 6, and supplementary materials from IMGN853, a Folate Receptor-α (FRα)–Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Exhibits Potent Targeted Antitumor Activity against FRα-Expressing Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S1. Activity of anti-FRα clones in an indirect cytotoxicity assay. Supplemental Figure S2. The antigen-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of M9346A antibody against Igrov-1 cells. Supplemental Figure S3. Activity of the M9346A antibody against KB xenograft tumors. Supplemental Figure S4. The bystander cytotoxic activity of IMGN853. Supplemental Figure S5. In vitro cytotoxicity of IMGN853 against KB cells (short exposure). Supplemental Figure S6. In vitro cytotoxicity of IMGN853, M9346A-SMCCDM1 and non-targeting human IgG1-SMCC-DM1 against KB cells (continuous exposure). Supplemental Figure S7. Catabolites of IMGN853 formed in KB cells in vitro. Supplemental Figure S8. Comparison of 3[H]-M9346A antibody and 3[H]-IMGN853 conjugate processing. Figure S9. IMGN853 activity against KB xenograft tumors. Supplementary Tables. Supplementary Methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Influence of Dislocation Substructure on Size-Dependent Strength of High-Purity Aluminum Single-Crystal Micropillars (2023)

In order to understand the influence of dislocation substructures on the size-dependent strength (smaller is stronger) of micron-sized metals, we have fabricated single-crystal cylindrical micropillars with various diameters approximately ranging from 1 to 10 µm, which were prepared on the surface of the fully annealed sample and the subsequently cold-rolled samples of high-purity aluminum (Al). The annealed micropillars exhibited a size dependence of the resolved shear stress required for slip. The shear stress (τi) normalized by shear modulus (G) and the specimen diameter (d) normalized by Burgers vector (b) followed the correlation of τi/G = 0.33(d/b)−0.63. The size-dependent strength was reduced by cold-rolling, resulting in lower power-law exponents (0.26∼0.31) for the correlation in the cold-rolled specimens. The fine dislocation substructures introduced by the cold-rolling could be associated with the reduced size-dependent strength, which can be rationalized using the stochastic model of the dislocation source length in an assumption of homogenously distributed dislocations existing in the experimental micropillars. The inhomogeneous dislocation substructure with various dislocation cell sizes would contribute to a variation in the measured strength depending on the location, likely due to the probability of exiting the dislocation cell walls (local variation in dislocation density) in the micropillars fabricated on the cold-rolled Al samples.
Molecular characteristics of recombinant human CD4 as deduced from polymorphic crystals. (1990)

We have grown crystals of a soluble recombinant form of human CD4, a transmembrane glycoprotein found predominantly on the surface of helper T cells. Crystals composed of the entire extracellular portion of CD4 exhibit extensive polymorphism. Of the five crystal types that have been grown, the best diffracts to Bragg spacings of 4.9 A. Symmetry considerations and characterization of the asymmetric unit by volume-specific amino acid analysis lead to the suggestion that a tetramer is the fundamental unit of crystallization. The characterization also showed that several of the crystal types have unusually high solvent contents. Because high solvent content and weak diffraction are indicative of an extended flexible structure, we examined the molecular shape of the recombinant CD4 with ultracentrifugation and found that it has an axial ratio of roughly 6, when modeled as a prolate ellipsoid. These results, combined with crystal packing constraints, suggest dimensions of approximately 25 x 25 x 125 A for a monomer. The structural features deduced here may be relevant to the biological function of CD4 as a receptor mediating cell-cell and cell-virus interactions.
FMRI BASELINE DRIFT ESTIMATION METHOD BY MDL PRINCIPLE (2007)

This paper introduces a new method for estimating and removing baseline drift in the fMRI signal. We propose the technique of minimum description length (MDL) to the problem of fMRI drift analysis. The proposed method is based on the iterative estimation of the activation level and the drift component, using least square estimation and the concept of MDL denoising. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can estimate the drift term without having any prior knowledge or assuming an overly restrictive model. The algorithm is tested on both simulated and real fMRI data. The performance is compared with that of polynomial detrending method used in AFNI.
Achieving Sub-50 Milliseconds Recovery Upon BGP Peering Link Failures (2007)

Recent measurements show that BGP peering links can fail as frequently as intradomain links and usually for short periods of time. We propose a new fast-reroute technique where routers are <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">prepared</i> to react quickly to interdomain link failures. For each of its interdomain links, a router precomputes a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">protection tunnel</i> , i.e., an IP tunnel to an alternate nexthop which can reach the same destinations as via the protected link. We propose a BGP- based auto-discovery technique that allows each router to learn the candidate protection tunnels for its links. Each router selects the best protection tunnels for its links and when it detects an interdomain link failure, it immediately encapsulates the packets to send them through the protection tunnel. Our solution is applicable for the links between large transit ISPs and also for the links between multi-homed stub networks and their providers. Furthermore, we show that transient forwarding loops (and thus the corresponding packet losses) can be avoided during the routing convergence that follows the deactivation of a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">protection tunnel </i> in BGP/MPLS VPNs and in IP networks using encapsulation.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Infants: Radiographic and CT Findings (2006)

Frequent radiologic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants are mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy with central necrosis and air-space consolidations, especially masslike consolidations with low-attenuation areas or cavities within the consolidation. Disseminated pulmonary nodules and airway complications are also frequently detected in this age group. CT is a useful diagnostic technique in infants with tuberculosis because it can show parenchymal lesions and tuberculous lymphadenopathy better than chest radiography. CT scans can also be helpful when chest radiographs are inconclusive or complications of tuberculosis are suspected.
3D Technology Selection for a Virtual Learning Environment by Blending ISO 9126 Standard and AHP (2011)

Web3D presents many opportunities for learners in a virtual world or virtual environment over the web. This is a great opportunity for open-distance education institutions to benefit from web3d technologies to create courses with interactive 3d materials. There are many open source and commercial products offering 3d technologies over the web enabling developers to create interactive 3d contents and course materials. However, characteristics of 3d technology to be used may change according to needs of users or developers. This situation naturally leads to a decision problem. Decision problems are also related to optimization problems, which are concerned with finding the best answer to a particular problem. This article presents and discusses a hierarchic and quality approach for solution of optimization problem which asks the best solution for a web-based 3d technology selection problem.
Cooperative leases (2002)

In this paper, we argue that cache consistency mechanisms designed for stand-alone proxies do not scale to the large number of proxies in a content distribution network and are not flexible enough to allow consistency guarantees to be tailored to object needs. To meet the twin challenges of scalability and flexibility, we introduce the notion of cooperative consistency along with a mechanism, called cooperative leases, to achieve it. By supporting Δ-consistency semantics and by using a single lease for multiple proxies, cooperative leases allows the notion of leases to be applied in a flexible, scalable manner to CDNs. Further, the approach employs application-level multicast to propagate server notifications to proxies in a scalable manner. We implement our approach in the Apache web server and the Squid proxy cache and demonstrate its efficacy using a detailed experimental evaluation. Our results show a factor of 2.5 reduction in server message overhead and a 20% reduction in server state space overhead when compared to original leases albeit at an increased inter-proxy communication overhead.
High-resolution microbiome profiling uncoversFusobacterium nucleatum,Lactobacillus gasseri/johnsonii, andLactobacillus vaginalisassociated to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in saliva from HPV positive and HPV negative patients treated with surgery and chemo-radiation (2017)

Microbiome studies show altered microbiota in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), both in terms of taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity. These studies utilized a traditional bioinformatics methodology, which allows for accurate taxonomic assignment down to the genus level, but cannot accurately resolve species level membership. We applied Resphera Insight, a high-resolution methodology for 16S rRNA taxonomic assignment that is able to provide species-level context in its assignments of 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (NGS) data. Resphera Insight applied to saliva samples from HNSCC patients and healthy controls led to the discovery that a subset of HNSCC saliva samples is significantly enriched with commensal species from the vaginal flora, including <i>Lactobacillus gasseri/johnsonii</i> (710x higher in saliva) and <i>Lactobacillus vaginalis</i> (52x higher in saliva). These species were not observed in normal saliva from Johns Hopkins patients, nor in 16S rRNA NGS saliva samples from the Human Microbiome Project (HMP). Interestingly, both species were only observed in saliva from Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) positive and HPV negative oropharyngeal cancer patients. We confirmed the representation of both species in HMP data obtained from mid-vagina (n=128) and vaginal introitus (n=121) samples. Resphera Insight also led to the discovery that <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, an oral cavity flora commensal bacterium linked to colon cancer, is enriched (600x higher) in saliva from a subset of HNSCC patients with advanced tumors stages. Together, these high-resolution analyses on 583 samples suggest a possible role for bacterial species in the therapeutic outcome of HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCC patients.
Surface plasmon routing in dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguides - art. no. 70330S (2008)

International audience
Resilient packet header compression through coding (2005)

Header compression saves bandwidth, but it also introduces error propagation whenever packets are lost. We propose to use error correcting codes on the compressed packet headers. The result is an overall system that maintains most of the bandwidth savings of header compression and yet is robust with respect to errors. The key to achieving this tradeoff is appropriate distribution of parity symbols across the packets. The proposed system performs better than ordinary header compression and as well as the TWICE algorithm. In most cases, the effects of the error propagation can be almost removed, such that the end-to-end packet loss rate is similar to a system with no header compression, while the bitrate savings are largely maintained.
Anomalous Transport in Quantum Dot Arrays (2003)

A novel model of transport is proposed to explain power law current transients and memory phenomena observed in partially ordered arrays of semiconducting nanocrystals. The model describes electron transport by a stationary Levy process of transmission events and thereby requires no time dependence of system properties. The waiting time distribution with a characteristic long tail gives rise to a nonstationary response in the presence of a voltage pulse. We report on noise measurements that agree well with the predicted non-Poissonian fluctuations in current, and discuss possible mechanisms leading to this behavior.
Are Allenes with Zwitterionic Character Still Allenes? Of Course! (2009)

Abstract Der wahre Grundzustand von 1 ist Gegenstand der Debatte, zum Zweck einer klaren und einfachen Beschreibung ist aber die allenische Resonanzform 1 a am zweckdienlichsten. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Argumente, die Christl und Engels bezüglich der Aromatizität dieser Spezies anführen, inkorrekt sind. magnified image
Development of MR (Multi Reflector) Headlamp (Headlamp with Slant Angle of 60 Degrees, Contributable to Future Vehicle Body Styling) (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Along with the tendency to esteem fuel economy, driving security and aerodynamic excellence, the voice to demand technical improvement of headlamps is getting higher and higher every day. With the expectation to meet such common and strong demand of world's automotive industry, retractable headlamps and slanting headlamps (headlamps of which front lenses are slanted) have been put to practical use so far. However, retractable headlamps have a disadvantage that once lighted, they lose their aerodynamic efficacy. Moreover, the mechanism of retractable headlamp system is rather complicated and causes cost increase. On the other hand, in slanting headlamps, light emission inefficiency that increases in proportion to the lens slant angle settles certain limitation on the popularity of this system. Under such circumstances, we intended to overcome problems lying in these two headlamp systems and to develop, eventually, a headlamp that allows larger lens slant angle than ever without spoiling photometric performance.&lt;/div&gt;
Cancer cells with defective oxidative phosphorylation require endoplasmic reticulum–to–mitochondria Ca 2+ transfer for survival (2020)

Spontaneous Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling from the InsP<sub>3</sub>R intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> release channel to mitochondria is essential for optimal oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ATP production. In cells with defective OXPHOS, reductive carboxylation replaces oxidative metabolism to maintain amounts of reducing equivalents and metabolic precursors. To investigate the role of mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake in regulating bioenergetics in these cells, we used OXPHOS-competent and OXPHOS-defective cells. Inhibition of InsP<sub>3</sub>R activity or mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake increased α-ketoglutarate (αKG) abundance and the NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratio, indicating that constitutive endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-mitochondria Ca<sup>2+</sup> transfer promoted optimal αKG dehydrogenase (αKGDH) activity. Reducing mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> inhibited αKGDH activity and increased NAD<sup>+</sup>, which induced SIRT1-dependent autophagy in both OXPHOS-competent and OXPHOS-defective cells. Whereas autophagic flux in OXPHOS-competent cells promoted cell survival, it was impaired in OXPHOS-defective cells because of inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Inhibition of αKGDH and impaired autophagic flux in OXPHOS-defective cells resulted in pronounced cell death in response to interruption of constitutive flux of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from ER to mitochondria. These results demonstrate that mitochondria play a fundamental role in maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis of both OXPHOS-competent and OXPHOS-defective cells, with Ca<sup>2+</sup> regulation of αKGDH activity playing a pivotal role. Inhibition of ER-to-mitochondria Ca<sup>2+</sup> transfer may represent a general therapeutic strategy against cancer cells regardless of their OXPHOS status.
Numerical simulations and experimental study of frequency-dependent dielectric properties of composite material with stochastic structure (2004)

Results of a computer modeling and analytical estimations of frequency-dependent dielectric properties of a composite material with stochastic structure in the frequency range from 1 mHz to 1 kHz are presented and are compared with experimentally obtained parameters. The studied composite was a mixture of materials having considerably different properties, where the inclusion phase with the volume fraction of 0.31 was distributed randomly in the host material forming a complex three-dimensional structure. For such composite dielectric, the applicability of bounds on the effective complex permittivity and different known mixing formulas for estimating of the effective parameters is examined. The numerical simulations performed using measured frequency-dependent characteristics of the constituents and the reconstructed three-dimensional stochastic structure of the composite, yielded values of the effective dielectric permittivity which were in good agreement with the measured ones. Frequency variations of the computed distributions of the microscale electric field and energy losses in the bulk of the studied composite dielectric are presented and discussed.
Spectral edge: gradient-preserving spectral mapping for image fusion (2015)

This paper describes a novel approach to image fusion for color display. Our goal is to generate an output image whose gradient matches that of the input as closely as possible. We achieve this using a constrained contrast mapping paradigm in the gradient domain, where the structure tensor of a high-dimensional gradient representation is mapped exactly to that of a low-dimensional gradient field which is then reintegrated to form an output. Constraints on output colors are provided by an initial RGB rendering. Initially, we motivate our solution with a simple "ansatz" (educated guess) for projecting higher-D contrast onto color gradients, which we expand to a more rigorous theorem to incorporate color constraints. The solution to these constrained optimizations is closed-form, allowing for simple and hence fast and efficient algorithms. The approach can map any N-D image data to any M-D output and can be used in a variety of applications using the same basic algorithm. In this paper, we focus on the problem of mapping N-D inputs to 3D color outputs. We present results in five applications: hyperspectral remote sensing, fusion of color and near-infrared or clear-filter images, multilighting imaging, dark flash, and color visualization of magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-tensor imaging.
A robotic home telehealth platform system for treatment adherence, social assistance and companionship &#x2013; an overview (2009)

Well-known difficulties of making patients adhere to assigned treatments have made engineers and clinicians look towards technology for possible solutions. Recent studies have found that cell phone-based text messaging can help drive positive changes in patients' disease management and preventive health behavior. Furthermore, work in the area of assistive robotics indicates benefits for patients although robotic solutions tend to become expensive. However, continued improvement in sensor, computer and wireless technologies combined with decreases in cost is paving the way for development of affordable robotic systems that can help improve patient care and potentially add value to the healthcare system. This paper provides a high-level design overview of SKOTEE, the Sister Kenny hOme ThErapy systEm, an inexpensive robotic platform system designed to provide adherence support for home exercise programs, taking medication, appointment reminders and clinician communication. SKOTEE will also offer companionship as well as entertainment and social networking opportunities to the patient in their home. A video of the system is presented at the conference.
Pneumatic dilation for the treatment of persistent post-laparoscopic fundoplication dysphagia: long-term efficacy and safety (2022)

Pneumatic balloon dilation for post-fundoplication-associated symptoms is associated with a satisfactory long-term success rate and acceptable safety profile.