gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Heat Generation Rate of Lithium-Ion Battery Using an Electrochemical Thermal Model (2020)

The operating temperature of a battery strongly affects overall chemical reactions, ion transport, intercalation and deintercalation process, and consequently, efficiency, cycle life, and degradation of battery systems. Therefore, thermal management for battery systems should be optimally designed to secure a highly efficient and reliable operation of the battery systems, which requires characterization and analysis of heat generated during operation. In this paper, a thermal model that includes irreversible and reversible heat source terms is developed and then incorporated into a reduced-order electrochemical model (ROM). The model is validated against the heat generation rate of a large format pouch type lithium-ion battery measured by a developed calorimeter that enables the measurement of heat generation rate and entropy coefficient. The model is seen to be in good agreement with the measured heat generation rates up to 3C from −30 °C to 45 °C. The analysis includes the effects of C-rates and temperatures on the two heat source terms generated during charging and discharging.
Figure S2 from RNF6 Promotes Colorectal Cancer by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway via Ubiquitination of TLE3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Knockdown of RNF6 inhibits tumor growth.&lt;/p&gt;
High-Yield Synthesis and Applications of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles (2013)

This work will describe research directed towards the synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles as well as their functionalization and biological applications. The thesis will begin by describing a new technique for the high-yield synthesis of gold nanorods using hydroquinone as a reducing agent. This addresses important limitations of the traditional nanorod synthesis including low yield of gold ions conversion to metallic form and inability to produce rods with longitudinal surface plasmon peak above 850 nm. The use of hydroquinone was also found to improve the synthesis of gold nanowires via the nanorod-seed mediated procedure developed in our lab. The thesis will next present the synthesis of novel starfruit-shaped nanorods, mesorods, and nanowires using a modified nanorod-seed mediated procedure. The starfruit particles displayed increased activity as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates as compared to smooth structures. Next, a method for the functionalization of gold nanorods using a cationic thiol, 16-mercaptohexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB), will be described. By using this thiol, we were able to demonstrate the complete removal of toxic surfactant from the nanorods and were also able to precisely quantify the grafting density of thiol molecules on the nanorod surface through a combination of several analytical techniques. Finally, this thesis will show that MTAB-functionalized nanorods are nontoxic and can be taken up in extremely high numbers into cancer cells. The thesis will conclude by describing the surprising uptake of larger mesorods and nanowires functionalized with MTAB into cells in high quantities.
How Dry Is Dry? (2018)

Air drying is used after dewatering to dry a pipeline or piping facility before commissioning it with natural gas. This process typically involves blowing dehydrated air through the pipe sections until they are determined to be suitably dry. The question addressed in this paper is: how dry is dry? A common metric used to judge the pipe section’s dryness is the drying air’s outlet water dew point. Typically, air drying continues until a suitably dry low water dew point, such as −40°C, is measured at the outlet of the pipeline or facility. However, there is currently a lack of understanding of how this final outlet water dew point relates to the remaining water and thus the subsequent start up of the pipeline or facility. If the outlet water dew point is higher than required, issues may arise upon start up; e.g., hydrates could form along the pipeline or at downstream facilities. Conversely, if the outlet water dew point is lower than required, unnecessary time would have been spent in drying, and hence higher cost. This paper advocates an approach to determine when air drying is complete that considers the start-up phase. The approach consists of two parts. In the first part, the air drying parameters (drying air flow rate, inlet water dew point, etc.) and the final outlet water dew point are used to quantify the volume and surface area of water remaining after the drying process is completed. In the second part, the evaporation of this water into the gas flowing through the pipeline/facility after commissioning and start up is modeled as a function of the gas flow rate, temperature, pressure and inlet water content. Then, the water content of the gas at the delivery points is calculated. This increase can then be evaluated in reference to the water content specifications at the delivery points. The approach is exemplified by a 31 km NPS 48 pipeline over a mountainous terrain.
Synthesis and characterization of defensin NP‐1 (1992)

Defensins are a group of small, cationic, antimicrobial proteins found in the cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils and macrophages of a variety of mammalian species. One such defensin, NP-1, isolated from rabbit neutrophils, has been shown to consist of 33 amino acids rich in arginine and cysteine residues. We have synthesized NP-1 on an Applied Biosystems Model 431A peptide synthesizer using FastMoc chemistry involving HBtu [2-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate] activation for coupling amino acids. The linear peptide was folded by air oxidation to the biologically active form containing three disulfide bonds and purified by reverse phase chromatography. The amino acid sequence of the synthetic peptide was confirmed by Edman degradation. Molecular weight determination by plasma desorption mass spectroscopy (PDMS) gave a value of 3898.6, in agreement with the expected molecular weight of 3898. The biological activity of the synthetic peptide, as measured by its antifungal activity against several pathogenic fungi, was indistinguishable from that of the natural NP-1. Also, the CD spectrum was equivalent to that of natural NP-1, indicating conformational identity of the two species.
Preliminary Concepts for Deployable Wings on Small UAVs Using Compliance (2005)

Advances in technology for Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) have given rise to increasingly smaller UAVs and a growing need for adaptable UAV wing structures. Deployable, or collapsible, wings offer space savings and broaden the number of possible applications for UAVs. Aerial surveillance applications, such as military reconnaissance, law enforcement, forestry, map making, pipeline surveillance, and border patrol typically demand a UAV that can be carried and deployed by a single user in an isolated field. This paper provides a framework of deployable wing concepts using compliant mechanisms. Compliant mechanisms offer reduced part count, decreased need for lubrication, efficient manufacturability, and space savings compared to traditional joint systems. The design space for compliant deployable wings is explored, concepts are categorized into classes based on motion type, and opportunities are identified for creating new concepts. A method is presented for selecting and evaluating concepts for specific applications. A product development project illustrates selection of a deployable wing design for a particular application, and the paper concludes with suggestions for further work.
Lymph Node Stromal Cells Negatively Regulate Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses (2014)

Lymph node (LN) stromal cells (LNSCs) form the functional structure of LNs and play an important role in lymphocyte survival and the maintenance of immune tolerance. Despite their broad spectrum of function, little is known about LNSC responses during microbial infection. In this study, we demonstrate that LNSC subsets display distinct kinetics following vaccinia virus infection. In particular, compared with the expansion of other LNSC subsets and the total LN cell population, the expansion of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) was delayed and sustained by noncirculating progenitor cells. Notably, newly generated FRCs were preferentially located in perivascular areas. Viral clearance in reactive LNs preceded the onset of FRC expansion, raising the possibility that viral infection in LNs may have a negative impact on the differentiation of FRCs. We also found that MHC class II expression was upregulated in all LNSC subsets until day 10 postinfection. Genetic ablation of radioresistant stromal cell-mediated Ag presentation resulted in slower contraction of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells. We propose that activated LNSCs acquire enhanced Ag-presentation capacity, serving as an extrinsic brake system for CD4(+) T cell responses. Disrupted function and homeostasis of LNSCs may contribute to immune deregulation in the context of chronic viral infection, autoimmunity, and graft-versus-host disease.
On High Dimensional Projected Clustering of Uncertain Data Streams (2009)

In this paper, we will study the problem of projected clustering of uncertain data streams. The use of uncertainty is especially important in the high dimensional scenario, because the sparsity property of high dimensional data is aggravated by the uncertainty. The uncertainty information is important for not only the determination of the assignment of data points to clusters, but also that of the valid projections across which the data is naturally clustered. The problem is especially challenging in the case where the data is not available on disk and arrives in the form of a fast stream. In such cases, the one-pass constraint in data stream computation poses special challenges to the algorithmic sophistication required for incorporating uncertainty information into the high dimensional computations. We will show that the projected clustering problem can be effectively solved in the context of uncertain data streams.
Mining the Web to Build a Complete, Large-Scale Language Model (2008)

In order to detect the extraordinary, a computer must have a model of ordinary interactions. There is enough text on the web in the 420 languages that are represented there for language models to be built. All the text available for most languages can be crawled in a few months. These language models can show how words are normally associated. Unusual associations can then be detected automatically. This article presents an overview our work in building a very large and complete language model from the web for the French language.
On the Feasibility of Wireless Energy Transfer Using Massive Antenna Arrays (2016)

We illustrate potential benefits of using massive antenna arrays for wireless energy transfer (WET). Specifically, we analyze probability of outage in WET over fading channels when a base station (BS) with multiple antennas beamforms energy to a wireless sensor node (WSN). Our analytical results show that by using massive antenna arrays, the range of WET can be increased for a given target outage probability. We prove that by using multiple-antenna arrays at the BS, a lower downlink energy is required to get the same outage performance, resulting in savings of radiated energy. We show that for energy levels used in WET, the outage performance with least-squares or minimum mean-square-error channel estimates is the same as that obtained based on perfect channel estimates. We observe that a strong line-of-sight component between the BS and WSN lowers outage probability. Furthermore, by deploying more antennas at the BS, a larger energy can be transferred reliably to the WSN at a given target outage performance for the sensor to be able to perform its main tasks. In our numerical examples, the RF power received at the input of the sensor is assumed to be on the order of a mW, such that the rectenna operates at an efficiency in the order of 50%.
A fully digital MIMO-OFDM scheme for fading mitigation in coherent Δϕ-OTDR (2021)

We introduce a coherent-MIMO Δϕ-OTDR based sensing technique that uses digital frequency division multiplexing of probing codes in order to mitigate the coherent fading issue in Δϕ-OTDR. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used to probe the optical channel on several electrical subcarriers, and their responses are then combined according to specific reliability criterion to enhance the overall sensing sensitivity. This allows for a decrease of the noise floor in sensing measurements on standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and the mitigation of false alarms. Coherent MIMO-OFDM enables sensing over telecom fibers with a measured sensitivity level below 21<i>p</i> <i>ε</i>/<i>H</i> <i>z</i> along 1.3km fiber over a mechanical bandwidth of 760Hz. Enhancements in the dynamic range for detection of mechanical excitation are presented with a gain over 18dB as compared to single-carrier probing.
Grouping and optimization of XPath expressions in DB2 ® pureXML (2008)

Several XML DBMSs support XQuery and/or SQL/XML languages, which are based on navigational primitives in the form of XPath expressions. Typically, these systems either model each XPath step as a separate query plan operator, or employ holistic approaches that can evaluate multiple steps of a single XPath expression. There have also been proposals to execute as many XPath expressions as possible within a single FLWOR block simultaneously in a data streaming context.
Differential profiling (2002)

Performance is an important aspect of software quality; in some real-time systems, poor performance can cause physical damage or even deaths. This paper describes how data from profiles taken at different loads may be combined to help locate performance bottlenecks that are distributed widely throughout a large program or system, such as those due to inlined functions or macros. This paper also describes how this technique may be used to pinpoint several types of performance bottlenecks in large programs running on shared-memory multiprocessors. In this environment, the critical bottleneck might consume only a small fraction of the total resources (due to Amdahl's law) and might be widely distributed throughout the program under test. Such a bottleneck can be very difficult to find when using traditional profiling techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Delivery of Polysaccharides Using Polymer Particles: Implications on Size-Dependent Immunogenicity, Opsonophagocytosis, and Protective Immunity (2014)

Bacterial capsular polysaccharides are components of many modern vaccines, but they are weakly immunogenic. Herein, we describe the delivery of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotype-1 (PCP-1) in polylactide polymeric particles to enhance its immunogenicity. Immunization with PCP-1-entrapped particles elicited long-term memory antibody responses from a single intramuscular injection. PCP-1-entrapped nanoparticles (NPs) elicited significantly higher anti-PCP-1 IgG responses than that observed with soluble and microparticles (MPs) formulations. Delivering PCP-1 and pneumococcal proteins in same particles did not improve the IgG response. The sera of animals immunized with PCP-1-entrapped particles promoted efficient opsonophagocytosis of pneumococci by macrophages. Single-dose immunization with PCP-1-entrapped particles conferred a long-term serotype-specific protection against lethal pneumococcal challenge. The higher immunogenicity of PCP-1 nanoparticles showed correlation with enhanced uptake by antigen-presenting cells. The results highlight the potential of polymeric nanoparticles as an efficient means of presenting polysaccharide antigens to the immune system.
Challenges in the Miniaturization of Mid-IR Sensors Fully Integrated on Si (2019)

The Mid-IR spectral range (2.5 μm up to 12 μm) has been considered as the paradigm for innovative silicon photonic devices. In less than a decade, chemical sensing has become a key application for Mid-IR silicon photonic devices because of the growing potential in spectroscopy, materials processing, chemical and biomolecular sensing, security and industry application. Measuring in this spectral range, usually called fingerprint region, allows to address a unique combination of fundamental absorption bands order of magnitude stronger than overtone and combination bands in the near IR. This feature provides highly selective, sensitive and unequivocal identification of the chemicals.
On-line techniques for perfluorochemical vapor sampling and measurement. (1999)

The authors developed a compact gas sampling and perfluorochemical (PFC) measuring system for use in total and partial liquid ventilation systems, based on a precision two-thermistor thermal detector (TD). They describe the sensitivity and linearity of their on-line method for PFC analysis of expired gases and show how it may be used in partial liquid ventilation studies for determining PFC saturation and loss. Gas is sampled for a short time from a breathing circuit through a heated tube at a selectable point in the breathing cycle. Inspiration is sensed by a pressure transducer. The sample of gas is pulled into the heated (48 degrees C) thermistor chamber by suction and held there while the cooling effect of the vapor changes the thermistor temperature. Dry air in another chamber affects a second thermistor, and the difference of these responses is amplified. The raw signal is corrected for the effects of varying O2 levels by a fuel cell. This signal is sampled and held and displayed on a front panel display. Calibration is performed in percentage saturation at 37 degrees C using the PFC in use at that temperature, or another standard such as O2. In-vitro testing showed a linear response in the thermal detector device (R2 = 0.99) over the range of vapor pressures tested (0-14) mmHg) and was reproducible to within 3%. When electronically corrected for changes in O2 concentration, there was less than a 2% change in PFC saturation. The TD responses to CO2 (R2 = 0.99) and water vapor (R2 = 1.0) were linear and approximately equal and opposite over the normal operating ranges of expired gases. In-vivo results in rabbits showed a significant (R2 = 0.73; p < 0.01) correlation between the auto-sampler and manual collection modes for determination of PFC in expired gas.
P4‐352: ADDITIVE EFFECT OF CEREBRAL ATROPHY ON COGNITION IN DEMENTIA‐FREE ELDERLY WITH CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE (2019)

To explore the additive effect of neurodegenerative disease, measured by atrophy, on cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) burden upon neurocognitive function in an Asian dementia-free elderly population. The present study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted between 2010 and 2015 among community-dwelling elderly participants were recruited into the study. Eligible participants were evaluated with an extensive neuropsychological battery and neuroimaging. The total CeVD burden scale comprising markers of both small- and large-vessel diseases was assessed, with a score of ≥2 indicating significant CeVD burden. Cortical atrophy (CA) and medial temporal atrophy (MTA) were graded using the global cortical atrophy scale and Schelten's scale respectively. Global and domain-specific (attention, executive function, language, visuomotor speed, visuoconstruction, visual memory, and verbal memory) neurocognitive performance measured on a locally validated neuropsychological battery (Vascular Dementia Battery, VDB). A total of 819 dementia-free participants were included in the analysis. Among none-mild CeVD subjects, there was no significant difference in global cognitive performance across atrophy groups (No Atrophy, CA, and CA+MTA). However, in moderate-to-severe CeVD subjects, CA+MTA showed significantly worse global cognitive performance compared to those with CA alone (mean difference=−0.35, 95%CI, −0.60 to −0.11, p=0.002) and those without atrophy (mean difference=−0.46, 95%CI, −0.74 to −0.19, p<0.001, p<0.001). In domain-specific cognitive performance, subjects with CA+MTA performed worse than other groups in visual memory (p=0.005), executive function (p=0.001) and visuomotor speed (p<0.001) in moderate-severe CeVD but not in none-mild CeVD. Atrophy and moderate-to-severe CeVD burden showed an additive effect on global and domain-specific cognitive performance. This study highlights the importance of investigating the mechanisms of clinico-pathological interactions between neurodegenerative processes and vascular damage, particularly in the pre-dementia stage.
Hybrid approach for planning and operating active distribution grids (2016)

This paper investigates the planning and operational processes of modern distribution networks hosting distributed energy resources (DERs). While in the past the two aspects have been distinct, a methodology is proposed in this paper to co‐optimise the two phases by considering the operational flexibility offered by DERs already in the planning phase. By employing AC optimal power flow (OPF) to analyse the worst‐case scenarios for the load and distributed generator injection, the optimal set‐points for the DERs are determined such that the network's security is ensured. From these results, the optimised individual characteristic curves are then extracted for each DER which are used in the operational phase for the local control of the devices. The optimised controls use only local measurements to address system‐wide issues and emulate the OPF solution without any communication. Finally, the proposed methodology is tested on the Cigre LV benchmark grid confirming that it is successful in mitigating with acceptable violations over‐ and under‐voltage problems, as well as congestion issues. Its performance is compared against the OPF‐based approach and currently employed local control schemes.
Engineerable Phased-Array Sources Based on Nonlinear Metamaterial Nanocavities. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
One‐step isolation of carnosic acid and carnosol from rosemary by centrifugal partition chromatography (2016)

Carnosic acid and carnosol are the main bioactive components responsible for the significant antioxidant activity of Rosmarinus officinalis. Nevertheless, they are known for their instability in solutions. Separation of both compounds from crude rosemary extract was successfully achieved by one-step centrifugal partition chromatography without any degradation. A two-phase solvent system, hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (3:2:3:2 v/v) was run on a preparative scale applying the elution-extrusion technique in descending mode. A 900 mg quantity of the crude extract containing 39.7% carnosic acid and 12.3% carnosol was loaded onto a 500 mL column, rotating at 1800 rpm. Carnosic acid and carnosol were obtained at purities of 96.1 ± 1% and 94.4 ± 0.9%, with recoveries of 94.3 ± 4.4% and 94.8 ± 2.3%, respectively. The compounds were identified by mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and comparison with authentic standards.
Distributed vibration sensing for seismic acquisition (2016)

Distributed vibration sensing (DVS), also known as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), is a relatively new method for recording seismic data using a standard fiber-optic cable as the sensor. Although the dynamic range and noise floor of DVS systems are currently below those of industry-standard seismic sensors, usable seismic data can be obtained in downhole configurations, as this is the source and receiver configuration at which DVS is most sensitive. The use of DVS for more conventional land and marine seismic acquisition is still some way off. However, the potential benefits of simple, lightweight fiber-optic cables, with fine spatial sampling and the ability to instrument all offsets of any spread, suggest it is worth pursuing these new applications. Permanent reservoir monitoring, particularly for marine environments, represents another application where the simplicity of fiber-optic sensors is attractive. Advances in laser interrogation techniques and signal processing continue to improve the quality of DVS data, increasing its potential applications across the seismic industry.