gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sub-Picosecond 38 Watt Optical Pulses from a Hybrid Mode Locked Semiconductor Laser System (1990)

Compact and efficient sources of high repetition rate, high peak power optical pulses are needed to replace the standard ultrashort optical pulse generation schemes due to their relatively large size and poor wall plug efficiency [1]. These compact laser systems will find applications in areas spanning laser radar, applied nonlinear optics, such as optical computing and photonic switching, and optical time domain reflectometry. In this paper, we describe the first external cavity hybrid mode locked semiconductor laser system, which can produce optical pulses of 0.56 psec in duration with 38 watts of peak power. The peak powers obtained from this system represent the highest ever obtained from an all semiconductor laser system.
Health-e-Child : An Integrated Biomedical Platform for Grid-Based Paediatric Applications (2006)

There is a compelling demand for the integration and exploitation of heterogeneous biomedical information for improved clinical practice, medical research, and personalised healthcare across the EU. The Health-e-Child project aims at developing an integrated healthcare platform for European Paediatrics, providing seamless integration of traditional and emerging sources of biomedical information. The long-term goal of the project is to provide uninhibited access to universal biomedical knowledge repositories for personalised and preventive healthcare, large-scale information-based biomedical research and training, and informed policy making. The project focus will be on individualized disease prevention, screening, early diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of paediatric heart diseases, inflammatory diseases, and brain tumours. The project will build a Grid-enabled European network of leading clinical centres that will share and annotate biomedical data, validate systems clinically, and diffuse clinical excellence across Europe by setting up new technologies, clinical workflows, and standards. This paper outlines the design approach being adopted in Health-e-Child to enable the delivery of an integrated biomedical information platform.
CatBoost: unbiased boosting with categorical features (2017)

This paper presents the key algorithmic techniques behind CatBoost, a new gradient boosting toolkit. Their combination leads to CatBoost outperforming other publicly available boosting implementations in terms of quality on a variety of datasets. Two critical algorithmic advances introduced in CatBoost are the implementation of ordered boosting, a permutation-driven alternative to the classic algorithm, and an innovative algorithm for processing categorical features. Both techniques were created to fight a prediction shift caused by a special kind of target leakage present in all currently existing implementations of gradient boosting algorithms. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of this problem and demonstrate that proposed algorithms solve it effectively, leading to excellent empirical results.
Abstract LB-237: BMS-986012, a fully human anti-fucosyl-GM1 antibody has potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in preclinical models of small cell lung cancer (2016)

Abstract Fucosyl-GM1, is a sphingolipid monosialoganglioside and tumor-associated antigen with a high prevalence in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC), while its expression is minimal in most normal tissue. Here, we report results of our preclinical studies with BMS-986012, a novel fully human, non-fucosylated, IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to FucGM1. The binding affinity of BMS-986012 was evaluated in Biacore® and cell-based assays. BMS-986012 binds with a high affinity to FucGM1 and demonstrates no significant binding to other closely related gangliosides. The antibody was engineered in a non-fucosylated IgG1 format, resulting in a 40-fold increased affinity for FcγRIIIa (CD16). In in vitro assays, BMS-986012 binds to FucGM1 on cancer cells and activates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP). The antitumor activity of BMS-986012 was profiled in a panel of SCLC lung cancer models in immunodeficient mice with varying FucGM1 target expression levels qualified using immunohistochemistry. Dose-dependent antitumor activity was observed in a panel of SCLC xenograft models with tumor regressions occurring at BMS-986012 doses greater than 0.3 mg/kg against DMS79 tumors. BMS-986012 efficacy generally correlated with FucGM1 target expression in tumor models. In mice, the antibody was well tolerated, with no adverse events observed in long term efficacy studies. Preclinical studies also explored combinations of BMS-986012 with standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapeutics, including cisplatin, etoposide, topotecan and irinotecan. Combination therapy of BMS-986012 with SOC resulted in significantly enhanced antitumor activity compared to monotherapy. Finally, studies conducted with BMS-986012 in combination with anti-CD137 antibody resulted in significant improvement in efficacy. These data provide preclinical support for evaluation of BMS-986012 in SCLC. BMS-986012 is currently in a phase I trial. Citation Format: Bing Chen, Chin Pan, Paul Ponath, Miho Oyasu, Daniel Menezes, Pina Cardarelli. BMS-986012, a fully human anti-fucosyl-GM1 antibody has potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in preclinical models of small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-237.
ChemInform Abstract: The Impact of NMR Spectroscopy in Molecular Sieve Characterization. Part 1. Low Silicon/Aluminum Ratio Materials (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Titanocene‐Catalyzed Enyne Cyclization/Isocyanide Insertion Reaction. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Strategic Defense and Deterrence (1984)

First, technology is moving forward, making strategic defenses appear to be a more cost effective option than there were in the 1960s. Second, were we able to obtain a significant advantage over the USSR in strategic defenses, we could have a substantial measure of strategic superiority over them. Third, if both sides deploy significant strategic defense capabilities, the nature of the offensive force balance will become even more important than it is today; in particular, strategic force vulnerabilities that are worrisome today could prove disastrous for stable deterrence in a world that includes robust strategic defenses. Fourth, this picture would be sharply changed should strategic defenses themselves prove vulnerable, for this might create the first strike in space that would decisively alter the balance of forces on earth. Fifth, strategic defenses are likely to call NATO's strategy of diliberate nuclear escalation into even deeper question than it is today. The U.S. R&amp;D program should be based on three criteria: First, our program should hedge against a Soviet breakout of the ABM Treaty and--in the longer term--against Soviet deployment of space-based defensive systems. Second, we should be looking for weapons concepts that will provide for quantum increases in capability and quantum reduction in cost. Finally, our technology programs need to be conducted with a view toward survivable defenses, especially for their spacebased components.
Eigenvalue-Based Sensing and SNR Estimation for Cognitive Radio in Presence of Noise Correlation (2013)

Herein, we present a detailed analysis of an eigenvalue-based sensing technique in the presence of correlated noise in the context of a cognitive radio (CR). We use standard-condition-number (SCN)-based decision statistics based on asymptotic random matrix theory (RMT) for the decision process. First, the effect of noise correlation on eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing (SS) is analytically studied under both the noise-only and signal-plus-noise hypotheses. Second, new bounds for the SCN are proposed to achieve improved sensing in correlated noise scenarios. Third, the performance of fractional-sampling (FS)-based SS is studied, and a method to determine the operating point for the FS rate in terms of sensing performance and complexity is suggested. Finally, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation technique based on the maximum eigenvalue of the covariance matrix of the received signal is proposed. It is shown that the proposed SCN-based threshold improves sensing performance in correlated noise scenarios, and SNRs up to 0 dB can be reliably estimated with a normalized mean square error (MSE) of less than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{1}\%$</tex></formula> in the presence of correlated noise without the knowledge of noise variance.
Bandwidth improvement in a cMUT array with mixed sized elements (2006)

A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (cMUT) is typically fabricated by concatenation of several cMUT cells with identical physical dimensions. If the membrane thickness is kept fixed, the radius of the cMUT determines the center frequency of operation. A smaller radius implies a greater center frequency. Therefore, it should be possible to put cMUTs with different sizes in parallel to get a larger bandwidth at the expense of gain. In this study, we investigate the optimization of the bandwidth characteristics of a cMUT by using mixed size cells. We designed two mixed size cMUT arrays with a predicted optimized fractional bandwidth value of about 155% at 5.4 MHz, and 146% at 8.8 MHz. These values are about 55% and 58% better than what can be achieved with a uniform size array at the corresponding center frequencies. There is almost no loss in the gain bandwidth product when two different sized cMUTs are used in parallel. There is about 9% increase in gain bandwidth product when three different sized cMUTs are used in parallel. It is shown, in this study, that gain bandwidth product and bandwidth can be enhanced by use of mixed size cMUT cells. © 2005 IEEE.
Sustainable Security for Infrastructure SCADA (2004)

Abstract — Modern SCADA systems used in infrastructure are threatened by cyber attack, as a result of their higher visibility in recent years and the conversion of legacy stovepipe implementations to modern information technology (IT) systems. Many contemporary efforts statically address obvious errors in the implementation of these systems, but this approach does not foster effective security because of the fluid IT environment. The problem must be addressed such that SCADA security becomes effective and sustainable for the entire system lifecycle, including design, installation, operation, maintenance, and retirement. Only the implementation of effective security governance for SCADA will meet this requirement. Some approaches for security perform well at linking security investment for information assurance to the business goals of the larger corporation but are not readily translatable into actionable practice. Others excel at defining and enforcing security for implementations and procedures but are weak from the perspective of the larger picture. The strengths of the two groups can be leveraged to create effective security governance for SCADA, reaching across the organizational structure of the company and creating the foundation for sustainable security.
Fabrication of a Monolithically Integrated WDM Channel Selector Using Single Step Selective Area MOVPE and Its Characterization (2007)

An 8ch, 400 GHz monolithically integrated WDM channel selector featuring an array of quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and arrayed waveguidegrating demultiplexer is presented. Reduction of fabrication complexity was achieved by using a single step selective area MOVPE to realize the different bandgap profiles for the SOA array and passive region. The selective growth mask dimensions were optimized by simulation. Dry-etching with short bending radii of 200 μm resulted in compact device size of 7 mm x 2.5 mm. Static channel selection with high ON-OFF ratio of > 40 dB was achieved.
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Associated With Neck Flexion in Posterior Cervical Decompression (2019)

Our findings suggest that a large anterior compression component and large kyphotic angle in neck flexion at the most compressed level are risk factors for intraoperative spinal cord injury during posterior cervical spine surgery.
Identification of a novel gene, dep, associated with depolymerization of the capsular polymer in Bacillus anthracis (1993)

Bacillus anthracis produces a gamma-linked poly-D-glutamic acid capsule that is essential for virulence. A 6.2 kb fragment of B. anthracis DNA (cap), when present in Escherichia coli, produces a capsular polymer that is immunologically identical to that produced by B. anthracis. By immunodiffusion analysis of E. coli strains carrying varying portions of the cap region, we identified a novel gene (dep) responsible for degradation of the capsular polymer of B. anthracis. The simultaneous presence of the cap region and the dep gene caused production of low-molecular-weight, degraded capsular polymer both in E. coli and in B. anthracis, whereas the cap region alone caused production of a high-molecular-weight capsule. The dep gene mapped immediately downstream of the cap region within a 1.8 kb fragment and was transcribed in the same direction. This fragment was sequenced and a 1401 bp open reading frame (ORF) was found that is predicted to encode a peptide with molecular weight of 51,460. By in vitro transcription-translation analysis, this ORF was shown to be the dep gene product. The deduced amino acid sequence of the dep product has sequence similarity to E. coli and mammalian gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). However, the Dep protein did not have GGT activity. The Dep protein appears to be an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the poly-D-glutamic acid capsule. Although the biological functions of the dep gene are unknown, it is possible that low-molecular-weight, diffusible polyglutamates produced through the action of the dep gene may act to inhibit host defence mechanisms.
A Tale of Seemingly “Identical” Silicon Quantum Dot Families: Structural Insight into Silicon Quantum Dot Photoluminescence (2020)

Two quantum dots, both alike in composition, but differing in structure, where we lay our scene. From broader classes, to bring deeper understanding, to the crystalline core that drives the quantum dot's sheen. In this contribution we examine two families of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) that bring to mind the Capulets and the Montagues in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet because of their stark similarities and differences. SiQDs are highly luminescent, heavy-metal-free and based upon earth-abundant elements. As such, they have attracted attention for far reaching applications ranging from biological imaging to luminescent solar concentrators to light-emitting diodes that rely on their size-dependent optical response. Unfortunately, correlating SiQD “size” to their photoluminescence maximum is often challenging. Herein, we provide essential structural insight into the correlation of SiQD dimension and PL maximum through a direct comparison of samples that exhibit statistically identical physical dimensions (dTEM) and chemical compositions, but different crystallite size (dXRD) and PL maxima. We then expand the scope of this investigation and systematically compare groupings of SiQDs: one in which the dXRD and dTEM agree and one where dXRD < dTEM. This latter comparison clearly shows dXRD better predicts SiQD optical response when using the well-established effective mass approximation.
Alleviation of insulin resistance and liver damage by oral administration of Imm124-E is mediated by increased Tregs and associated with increased serum GLP-1 and adiponectin: results of a phase I/II clinical trial in NASH (2012)

Hyperimmune colostrum alleviates NASH.
P2‐186: PERSISTENT HIPPOCAMPAL PREDOMINANT ATROPHY IN PREDEMENTIA AS A MARKER FOR SLOWER FUNCTIONAL DECLINE (2014)

Striking differences between patients in their age of onset, clinical symptoms and clinical trajectories are well documented in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among AD dementia subtypes, the patterns of regional neurodegeneration in its clinical variants are expected to be highly correlated with the clinical phenotype. However, it is unclear if predominant regional atrophy patterns: a) change over time in the pre-dementia stages (Cognitively normal (CN) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) and b) if they relate to differing rates of functional decline. We compute one and two-year hippocampal atrophy and cortical atrophy in CN and MCI subjects in the Alzheimer 's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) using a registration-based cube propagation method. Among 504 subjects with 234 MCI, and 169 CN, we defined apriori a group with predominant hippocampal atrophy at year one (>1 standard deviation of the hippocampal atrophy of the population and <1 standard deviation of the cortical atrophy). We tested two hypotheses 1) Subjects meeting criteria at year one are consistent in their atrophy pattern at year two. 2) Subjects with stable hippocampal predominant atrophy have slower functional decline on (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale: Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). 110 subjects met criteria for hippocampal predominant atrophy. Among these 52% (57 subjects) meeting criteria at year one remain in the same group at year two i.e., with persistent hippocampal predominant atrophy. At baseline, persistent hippocampal atrophy group had a lower CDR SB mean than the non-persistent hippocampal atrophy group (1.1 vs. 1.9, p<0.001). In a linear regression with CDR-SB scores as outcome and controlling for age, sex, education and APOE, persistent hippocampal atrophy group had a slower decline in the CDR SB scores over a year than the non-persistent group (F (1,80) = 28.6, p < .0001). Among the unstable ones (in hippocampal predominant atrophy group at year one and not in the same group at year two), 32% go on to develop both hippocampal and cortical atrophy. Identifying the groups with persisting hippocampal predominant atrophy patterns in the pre-dementia stages could help delineate the future clinical trajectories of clinical phenotypes very early in the disease course. This could have direct implications for diagnosis, patient counseling, management and design of clinical trials in AD.
The influence of the microbiota on the immune response to transplantation (2015)

Commensal microbes may alter immune responses to organ transplantation, but direct experiments are only beginning in the field to identify species and immune pathways responsible for these putative effects.
Tumour‐specific induction of immune complexes: DCP‐IgM in hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

DCP-IgM in HCC patients was not associated with an increase in IgM concentration. DCP-IgM was more frequently detected in HCC patients than DCP and AFP, strengthening the diagnostic role of IgM immune complexes for liver cancer.
Expression of transforming growth factor alpha and its receptor in human neuroendocrine tumours (1995)

Transforming growth-factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a 50-amino-acid polypeptide that binds to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and stimulates cell growth. It has been suggested that enhanced production of TGF-alpha and EGF receptors by tumour cells promote tumour-cell growth by autocrine mechanisms. In the present study we have investigated the expression of TGF-alpha and EGF receptors in human neuroendocrine tumours, including midgut carcinoid tumours, phaeochromocytomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas. TGF-alpha expression was demonstrated in biopsies of all tumours examined (n = 30) and EGF receptors in a majority of tumours by Northern analysis and/or immunocytochemistry. Expression of TGF-alpha and EGF receptors was also demonstrated in primary cultures of tumour cells. Carcinoid tumours and phaeochromocytomas in culture secreted detectable amounts of TGF-alpha into the culture medium (400-700 pM). The amount of secreted TGF-alpha could be suppressed by octreotide treatment in individual tumours. Administration of exogenous TGF-alpha stimulated carcinoid tumour growth in vitro as determined by the DNA contents of cell cultures. The growth-stimulatory effect of TGF-alpha could be partially blocked by the use of neutralizing anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). In conclusion, several human neuroendocrine tumours express both TGF-alpha and EGF receptors in in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that TGF-alpha may regulate tumour-cell growth by autocrine mechanisms.
Generation of desminopathy in rats using CRISPR‐Cas9 (2020)

We created a novel animal model for desminopathy that will be a useful tool in furthering our understanding of the disease. While mutant animals at an age corresponding to a preclinical age in humans show no macroscopic differences, microscopic and molecular changes are already present. Future studies should aim to further decipher those biological changes that precede the clinical progression of disease and test therapeutic approaches to delay disease progression.
Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy Assessment of Renal Protection Efficacy of siRNA for p53 in Experimental Rat Kidney Transplantation Models (2010)

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is unavoidable in renal transplantation, frequently influences both short- and long-term allograft survival. Despite decades of laboratory and clinical investigations, and the advent of renal replacement therapy, the overall mortality rate due to acute tubular injury has changed little. I/R-induced DNA damage results in p53 activation in proximal tubule cells (PTC), leading to their apoptosis. Therefore, we examined the therapeutic effect of temporary p53 inhibition in two rat renal transplantation models on structural and functional aspects of injury using intravital two-photon microscopy. Nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats received syngeneic left kidney transplantation either after 40 min of intentional warm ischemia or after combined 5-h cold and 30-min warm ischemia of the graft. Intravenously administrated siRNA for p53 (siP53) has previously been shown to be filtered and reabsorbed by proximal tubular epithelial cells following the warm ischemia/reperfusion injury in a renal clamp model. Here, we showed that it was also taken up by PTC following 5 h of cold ischemia. Compared to saline-treated recipients, treatment with siP53 resulted in conservation of renal function and significantly suppressed the I/R-induced increase in serum creatinine in both kidney transplantation models. Intravital two-photon microscopy revealed that siP53 significantly ameliorated structural and functional damage to the kidney assessed by quantification of tubular cast formation and the number of apoptotic and necrotic tubular cells and by evaluation of blood flow rate. In conclusion, systemic administration of siRNA for p53 is a promising new approach to protect kidneys from I/R injury in renal transplantation.