gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rewritable Storage Channels with Hidden State (2014)

Many storage channels admit reading and rewriting of the content at a given cost. We consider rewritable channels with a hidden state which models the unknown characteristics of the memory cell. In addition to mitigating the effect of write noise, rewrites can help the write controller obtain a better estimate of the hidden state. The paper has two contributions. The first is a lower bound on the capacity of a general rewritable channel with hidden state. The lower bound is obtained using a coding scheme that combines Gelfand-Pinsker coding with superposition coding. The rewritable AWGN channel is discussed as an example. The second contribution is a simple coding scheme for a rewritable channel where the write noise and hidden state are both uniformly distributed. It is shown that this scheme is asymptotically optimal as the number of rewrites gets large.
Transformations and processes (2005)

Ionic Liquids III will complete the trilogy of Symposium Series books Ionic Liquids: Industrial Applications for Green Chemistry, SS 818 and Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents: Progress and Prospects, SS 856 edited by Robin Rogers and Ken Seddon. Ionic Liquids III will include the latest advances in the field of ionic liquids (IL).
Differential Expression of Functional Cannabinoid Receptors in Human Bladder Detrusor and Urothelium (2009)

Together these findings suggest a physiological role of cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors in the human bladder. Moreover, these results confirm the presence of functional cannabinoid 1 and 2 receptors in the human bladder, which can serve as a target for drugs acting on symptoms of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.
28nm CMOS, energy efficient and variability tolerant, 350mV-to-1.0V, 10MHz/700MHz, 252bits frame error-decoder (2012)

A minimum design effort methodology to enable energy efficient and variability tolerant ultra-wide voltage-range frame error-decoder design in 28nm CMOS technology is presented. Critical aspects of a digital design development - standard cells, interface, clock tree and implementation - were optimized enabling 1.0V to 350mV functionality, 10x energy reduction, 10MHz to 700MHz frequency, and a reduction of the variability enabling industrial yield at ultra-low voltage. The same design was then ported to 28nm Fully-Depleted SOI (FDSOI), offering up-to 2x higher energy efficiency while validating the design methodology robustness.
Mechanical properties of xenogeneic small‐intestinal submucosa when used as an aortic graft in the dog (1995)

Small-intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been shown to induce tissue remodelling in vivo when used as a vascular graft. The present study investigated in physical and mechanical properties of remodeled aortic grafts derived from xenogeneic SIS material. Eight infrarenal aortic grafts were implanted in mongrel dogs. The grafts were explanted at 1 or 2 months and tested for compliance and hoop mechanical properties. The morphologic changes within the grafts were also characterized. The remodeling process produced graft structures which were significantly stronger than both the normal artery (P = .012) and the original SIS graft (P = .0001), and the compliance of these structures was one third that of normal artery and similar to the original SIS grafts. The remodeled grafts were > 10 times the thickness of the implanted SIS. Immunohistochemical analysis of remodeled tissues suggest that the SIS material was degraded and resorbed over time. The remodeling process transformed a material which was physically and mechanically quite different from normal aorta into a blood conduit which had the physical and mechanical properties needed to function in this mammalian arterial system.
Sutimlimab in patients with cold agglutinin disease: results of the randomized placebo-controlled phase 3 CADENZA trial (2022)

Sutimlimab, a first-in-class humanized immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits the classical complement pathway at C1s, rapidly halted hemolysis in the single-arm CARDINAL study in recently transfused patients with cold agglutinin disease (CAD). CADENZA was a 26-week randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 study to assess safety and efficacy of sutimlimab in patients with CAD without recent (within 6 months prior to enrollment) transfusion history. Forty-two patients with screening hemoglobin ≤10 g/dL, elevated bilirubin, and ≥1 CAD symptom received sutimlimab (n = 22) or placebo (n = 20) on days 0 and 7 and then biweekly. Composite primary endpoint criteria (hemoglobin increase ≥1.5 g/dL at treatment assessment timepoint [mean of weeks 23, 25, 26], avoidance of transfusion, and study-prohibited CAD therapy [weeks 5-26]) were met by 16 patients (73%) on sutimlimab, and 3 patients (15%) on placebo (odds ratio, 15.9 [95% confidence interval, 2.9, 88.0; P < .001]). Sutimlimab, but not placebo, significantly increased mean hemoglobin and FACIT-Fatigue scores at treatment assessment timepoint. Sutimlimab normalized mean bilirubin by week 1. Improvements correlated with near-complete inhibition of the classical complement pathway (2.3% mean activity at week 1) and C4 normalization. Twenty-one (96%) sutimlimab patients and 20 (100%) placebo patients experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event. Headache, hypertension, rhinitis, Raynaud phenomenon, and acrocyanosis were more frequent with sutimlimab vs placebo, with a difference of ≥3 patients between groups. Three sutimlimab patients discontinued owing to adverse events; no placebo patients discontinued. These data demonstrate that sutimlimab has potential to be an important advancement in the treatment of CAD. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03347422.
Long-Lived Waveguides and Sound Wave Generation by Laser Filamentation (2013)

We discover long-lived (microsecond-scale) optical waveguiding in the wake of atmospheric laser filaments. We also observe the formation and then outward propagation of the consequent sound wave. These effects may be used for remote induction of atmospheric long-lived optical structures from afar which could serve for a variety of applications.
A study of factors influencing muscle activity about the knee joint (1983)

Several factors influencing the myoelectric activity of muscles surrounding the knee joint were studied using fine-wire monopolar electrodes. The muscles studied included the vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, gracilis, sartorius, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, tensor fasciae latae, medial head of the gastrocnemius, and lateral head of the gastrocnemius. Muscle activity was measured in response to unidirectional loads tending to flex and extend the knee, and to combined loads of flexion-adduction, flexion-abduction, extension-adduction, and extension-abduction. Results indicate that the individual muscle responses are dependent upon the direction, magnitude, and combination of external moments, as well as on the flexion angle of the knee joint. Muscle response appeared to be influenced by certain intrinsic mechanical characteristics of the knee joint that tend to change the moment arms of the muscles as the knee moves. For example, the substantial changes in quadriceps myoelectric activity with knee flexion, with constant load applied, can be related to the movement of the tibial-femoral contact changing the lever arm of the quadriceps mechanism. This study indicates that the mechanics of the knee joint must be taken into consideration while attempting to interpret or predict the load response of muscles crossing the knee joint.
Inflammatory caspases are critical for enhanced cell death in the target tissue of Sjögren's syndrome before disease onset (2008)

To date, little is known about why exocrine glands are subject to immune cell infiltrations in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS). Studies with SjS-prone C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice showed altered glandular homeostasis in the submandibular glands (SMX) at 8 weeks before disease onset and suggested the potential involvement of inflammatory caspases (caspase-11 and -1). To determine whether inflammatory caspases are critical for the increased epithelial cell death before SjS-like disease, we investigated molecular events involving caspase-11/caspase-1 axis. Our results revealed concurrent upregulation of caspase-11 in macrophages, STAT-1 activity, caspase-1 activity and apoptotic epithelial cells in the SMX of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 at 8 weeks. Caspase-1, a critical factor for interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 secretion, resulted in an elevated level of IL-18 in saliva. Interestingly, TUNEL-positive cells in the SMX of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 were not colocalized with caspase-11, indicating that caspase-11 functions in a noncell autonomous manner. Increased apoptosis of a human salivary gland (HSG) cell line occurred only in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS-) and interferon (IFN)-gamma-stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cells, which was reversed when caspase-1 in THP-1 cells was targeted by siRNA. Taken together, our study discovered that inflammatory caspases are essential in promoting a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and influencing increased epithelial cell death in the target tissues of SjS before disease onset.
Parasitic GAN for Semi-Supervised Brain Tumor Segmentation (2019)

In semantic segmentation, researchers face the shortage of pixel-level annotated data. And it is particularly severe in the medical images. On the other hand, the unlabeled data are abundantly produced in the diagnosis routine. In the paper, we introduced the Parasitic GAN for the brain tumor segmentation to exploit the unlabeled data more efficiently. Parasitic GAN is composed of three parts: the segmentor S, the generator G, and the discriminator V. With the label maps produced by the segmentor and the supplementary label maps synthesized by the generator, the discriminator could learn a more precise boundary of ground truth. Thus, the segmentor benefits from the adversarial learning mechanism and the extra supervision provided by the discriminator. This parasitic relationship between the segmentor and the generative adversarial network (G and V) restricts the fitness ability of the segmentor and improves its generalization capacity. In practice, it definitely improved the performance of segmentor in brain tumor segmentation tasks, increasing the dice score 0.010-0.035.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension (2009)

Task force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Respiratory Society endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation
Erweiterte Umgebungserkennung auf der Basis von Lidar-Sensorik / Advanced environment detection based on Lidar (2004)

Die Funktionalitaet heutiger Fahrerassistenzsysteme wird zu grossen Teilen von der Qualitaet der Umgebungserfassung und damit von der dafuer eingesetzten Sensorik bestimmt. Lidar- und Radarsensoren liefern eine gute Detektion der Positionen anderer Verkehrsteilnehmer. Fuer deren exakte Zuordnung zum eigenen beziehungsweise benachbarten Fahrstreifen wurde bisher auf einen zusaetzlichen Video-Sensor zurueckgegriffen, der Informationen zu Verlauf und Position der Fahrbahnmarkierungen liefert. Je nach Systemanforderungen besteht aus diesem Grund die Notwendigkeit, unterschiedliche Sensoren zu verbauen und deren Informationen zu einem schluessigen Gesamtbild zu fusionieren. Zur Vermeidung der mit einer Mehrfachsensorik verbundenen Kosten besteht ein grosses Interesse daran, die Abstandsmessung und die Fahrstreifendetektion moeglichst mit demselben Sensor abzudecken. Die vorliegende Arbeit praesentiert eine derart erweiterte Umgebungserkennung unter ausschliesslicher Nutzung von Lidar-Sensorik. Der Ansatz ermoeglicht die Ermittlung des Verlaufes des Fahrstreifens vor dem eigenen Fahrzeug bei gleichzeitiger Erkennung von Objekten in der Umgebung. Dazu werden die Distanzmessungen und die jeweils dazugehoerigen Intensitaetswerte eines mehrzeiligen Lidar-Sensors ausgewertet. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The functionality of today's assisting systems for automotive driver control applications is primarily based on the quality of the environmental detection performed by the sensors. Lidar and radar sensors allow a good detection of an object's relative position but are typically weak in object mapping. In most cases, a video sensor is needed in order to map an object to the lane of travel or the neighbouring lane(s). Video sensors deliver information about the lane characteristics and the relative positioning within the lane. Depending on the system requirements, several different types of sensors may have to be installed. This entails complex sensor fusion in order to gain one overall picture. However, there is great interest in using only one sensor type to detect both relative objects and lanes, thus, avoiding a multi-sensor type system approach. This paper presents a new approach exclusively based on lidar sensors, which is able to identify the lane of travel and detect appropriate objects. Therefore the distance measurements and the appropriate intensity values of a multiplane lidar sensor are used. (A) Beitrag zum Themenbereich Jahrmarkt der Innovationen der 21. Internationalen VDI/VW-Gemeinschaftstagung Integrierte Sicherheit und Fahrerassistenzsysteme, Wolfsburg, 27. und 28. Oktober 2004. Siehe auch Gesamtaufnahme der Tagung, ITRD-Nummer D358071.
Quasilinear Control of Wind Farm Power Output (2015)

Quasilinear Control (QLC) is a set of methods for analysis and design of systems with nonlinear actuators and sensors. The approach of QLC is based on the method of stochastic linearization, which replaces each nonlinearity with an equivalent gain and bias. In this brief, we apply QLC to the design of controllers for regulating the power output of a wind farm with multiple wind turbines. Each of these turbines is modeled by a linear plant preceded by an asymmetric saturation nonlinearity, which accounts for the limited availability of wind. It is shown via numerical simulation that controllers designed using QLC perform significantly better in a broad range of wind farm operating regimes, compared with those designed using traditional linear methods in our earlier work, where saturation is ignored.
Void Fraction Measurement of Refrigerant Two-phase Flow in Cross-flow Mini-Channel Evaporator (2020)

Development of high efficiency heat exchangers has been promoted for effective utilization of heat energy. This study focuses on boiling two-phase flow behaviors in a cross-flow type parallel mini-channel heat exchanger made by diffusion bonding. Phase distributions of vertically upward flows were evaluated based on the results of void fraction distribution measured by neutron radiography. The effect of the configuration of refrigerant channel was considered. Three types of refrigerant channel, such as the straight type, perforated rib type and offset rib type, were examined using R134a as the refrigerant. The refrigerant was supplied to the test section as subcooled liquid with the mass flux of 75 to 500 kg/(m2s). Incoming subcooled liquid was distributed into 28 parallel channels with the hydraulic diameter of 1.04 mm, and heated by fluorocarbon FC3283. The heating medium, FC3283, was supplied with the mass flux in the range of 460 to 2947 kg/(m2s) and at the inlet temperature of 49.9 to 70.6 °C. As the results, it was shown that void fraction close to the inlet of the heating medium was relatively higher due to the larger temperature difference. An improvement effect could be obtained by using the perforated type with interrupted ribs, because the onset of nucleate boiling was promoted at the perforated part of the rib.
THE EFFECT OF RESVERATROL AND ZINC ON INTRACELLULAR ZINC STATUS IN NHPrE CELLS (2009)

To evaluate the influence of resveratrol on cellular zinc status, normal human prostate epithelial (NHPrE) cells were treated in 6 levels of resveratrol (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 µM) and 4 levels of zinc [0, 4, 16 and 32 µM or zinc deficient (ZD), zinc normal (ZN), zinc adequate (ZA) and zinc supplemented (ZS), respectively]. Among each zinc treatment, a progressive reduction in cell growth or increase in cellular total zinc was observed with increases of resveratrol from 2.5, 5 and 10 µM or from 5 and 10 µM, respectively. In ZS cells, a much higher increase in cellular total zinc was observed as early as 1 µM resveratrol. A flow cytometry study revealed that the resveratrol (10 µM) induced G2/M arrest was responsible for the depressed cell growth. Data from an in vitro experiment using zinquin, as an indicator of intracellular free Zn(II) status, demonstrated complex formation between resveratrol and zinc ion. Zinquin ethyl ester fluorescence spectrofluorimetry and microscope imaging revealed that intracellular labile free zinc decreased in ZD and ZN NHPrE cells but increased in high zinc (ZA and ZS) cells. Furthermore, increases in cellular zinc status induced enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as senescence detected by morphological and histochemical changes in cells treated with 2.5 or 10 µM resveratrol, especially in ZA and ZS cells. Thus, increases in free labile zinc may induce ROS and senescence. Grant Funding Source UNIV. MARYLAND
Gesteigerte Wirksamkeit durch Synergismus: Verknüpfung unabhängiger Wirkstoffklassen zu Hybridsubstanzen (2010)

Mehr als die Summe der Teile: Neuartige Hybridsubstanzen bestehen aus einem organischen, β-Faltblatt-brechenden Teil und einem die Zielsubstanz (Aβ) erkennenden, D-enantiomeren Peptidteil (siehe Bild). Die Substanzen wurden chemisch synthetisiert und mit verschiedenen Techniken charakterisiert. Sie vereinen rationales Design mit Substanzselektion aus Bibliotheken und inhibieren die Aβ-Oligomeraggregation und Aβ-induzierte synaptische Pathologie. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adaptive Model Predictive Control for Vehicle Braking Assist System Design (2004)

In this paper, an adaptive model predictive control scheme is designed for speed control of heavy vehicles. The controller coordinates use of compression brakes and friction brakes on downhill slopes. Moreover the model predictive controller takes the actuator constraints into account. It is shown that accurate estimate of mass is necessary for safe and comfortable operation in closed-loop. Also knowledge of the road grade improves the results further by contributing in feedforward control. Therefore a recursive least square scheme with forgetting is used in parallel with the controller to update the estimates of mass and road grade. The mass and grade estimates converged to their actual values when rich excitations were provided. As a result the adaptation improved the closed-loop performance.
A new wide frequency band feeding technique of annular slot antenna (2003)

A new wide frequency bandwidth feeding technique of the annular slot antenna (ASA) in circular polarization is reported. An experimental prototype of the antenna operating in the WLAN 5 GHz band and fed with the new feeder is designed and tested. The radiation pattern is similar to that obtained by a conventional ASA feed. Approximately 19% bandwidth of VSWR <2 and 3.5% axial ratio (AR) bandwidth at 3 dB have been measured. Experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions.
Glycosylation engineering of spinosyn analogues containing an l-olivose moiety (2009)

Biosynthetic genes encoding proteins involved in the first steps of deoxyhexose biosynthesis from D-glucose-1-phosphate were expressed in Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The resulting mutant was able to accumulate and utilise TDP-L-olivose. Co-expression of the spinosyn glycosyl transferase SpnP in the resulting mutant endowed upon it the ability to biotransform exogenously added spinosyn aglycones to yield novel spinosyn analogues.
Bright and stable visible-spectrum single photon emitter in silicon carbide (2016)

Single photon sources are of paramount importance in quantum communication, quantum computation, and quantum metrology. In particular, there is great interest to realize scalable solid state platforms that can emit triggered photons on demand to achieve scalable nanophotonic networks. We report on a visible-spectrum single photon emitter in 4H-silicon carbide (SiC). The emitter is photostable at room- and low-temperature enabling photon counts per second (cps) in excess of 2$\times$10$^6$ from unpatterned, bulk SiC. It exists in two orthogonally polarized states, which have parallel absorption and emission dipole orientations. Low temperature measurements reveal a narrow zero phonon line (linewidth $ 30~$% of the total photoluminescence spectrum.
Two New Immunogenetic Polymorphisms of the ApoB Gene and Their Effect on Serum Lipid Levels and Responses to Changes in Dietary Fat Intake (1995)

In previous studies, apoB polymorphisms have been shown to modify serum lipid responses to changes in dietary fat intake. The functionally important apoB DNA change or changes underlying these effects have, however, remained unknown. Using a single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis-based screening method, we identified two previously unreported apoB polymorphisms located close to each other in the 5' region of apoB gene exon 26. This DNA segment corresponds to the binding site of monoclonal anti-apoB antibody D7.2. The two A-->G changes at apoB cDNA nucleotides 5869 and 5896 produced an Asn-->Ser change at amino acid 1887 and a His-->Arg change at amino acid 1896. In the Finnish population, allele frequencies of the rare alleles of the apoB 1887 (Asn-->Ser) and apoB 1896 (His-->Arg) polymorphisms were .02 and .11, respectively. Both polymorphisms were shown to have an independent effect on the binding affinity of LDL with monoclonal antibody D7.2. The effect of these polymorphisms on serum lipid levels and responses to changes in dietary fat intake in 102 healthy free-living subjects was assessed. The apoB 1896 Arg allele was associated with a higher serum LDL cholesterol level during a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet in men.
Combination ALA‐PDT and ablative fractional Er:YAG laser (2,940 nm) on the treatment of severe acne (2014)

PDT can control the inflammation and improve the severity of acne lesions. Fractional resurfacing is a promising new treatment modality for scars by stimulating wound healing and remodeling. The combination therapy is a promising option for severe acne to prevent and improve car formation.
A simulation study of passive inference of TCP rate and detection of congestion (2010)

In this paper, we propose and implement a mechanism for network simulator-2 (ns-2) to estimate the individual rates of TCP flows and to detect their incipient congestion. Rate estimation as well as congestion detection are based on measurements collected passively by a monitoring node which is located on the intermediate paths between TCP source destination pairs. While estimating the rate of a given flow relies on measuring its interpacket times as well as the size of its received packets, the congestion detection sub-mechanism analyses the variability of its growth rate over a sliding window to decide on a incipient congestion. Our proposed method does not rely on estimating the RTTs to detect congestion, nor on ACK packets traversing the backward paths to collect measurements samples. Moreover, it does not impose any constraint regarding the location of the monitoring router with respect to bottleneck links. Throughout the various simulations that we have conducted, our method has shown high efficiency in detecting the occurrence of incipient congestion on the monitored flows over relatively short time periods. The method is useful for monitoring and controlling the rates of large TCP flows passing through an autonomous system.