gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substantial fat mass loss reduces low-grade inflammation and induces positive alteration in cardiometabolic factors in normal-weight individuals (2019)

The accumulation of fat, especially in visceral sites, is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases with altered cardiometabolic homeostasis. We studied how intensive long-term weight loss and subsequent weight regain affect physiological changes, by longitudinally interrogating the lipid metabolism and white blood cell transcriptomic markers in healthy, normal-weight individuals. The current study examined 42 healthy, young (age: 27.5 ± 4.0 years), normal-weight (body mass index, BMI: 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2) female athletes, of which 25 belong to the weight loss and regain group (diet group), and 17 to the control group. Participants were evaluated, and fasting blood samples were drawn at three time points: at baseline (PRE); at the end of the weight loss period (MID: 21.1 ± 3.1 weeks after PRE); and at the end of the weight regain period (POST: 18.4 ± 2.9 weeks after MID). Following the weight loss period, the diet group experienced a ~73% reduction (~0.69 kg) in visceral fat mass (false discovery rate, FDR < 2.0 × 10−16), accompanied by anti-atherogenic effects on transcriptomic markers, decreased low-grade inflammation (e.g., as α1–acid glycoprotein (FDR = 3.08 × 10−13) and hs-CRP (FDR = 2.44 × 10−3)), and an increase in functionally important anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein -associated metabolites (FDR < 0.05). This occurred even though these values were already at favorable levels in these participants, who follow a fitness-lifestyle compared to age- and BMI-matched females from the general population (n = 58). Following the weight regain period, most of the observed beneficial changes in visceral fat mass, and metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles dissipated. Overall, the beneficial anti-atherogenic effects of weight loss can be observed even in previously healthy, normal-weight individuals.
BAD, a Proapoptotic Member of the BCL2 Family, Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2010)

Proteins of the BCL2 family are key regulators of apoptosis. Their expression levels are frequently altered in cancers, enabling tumor cells to survive. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed a comprehensive survey of the expression of the members of the BCL2 family in samples obtained from surgically resected HCCs. Here, we report the occurrence of a new molecular anomaly, consisting of a strong reduction in the expression of the proapoptotic protein BAD in HCC compared with surrounding nontumoral tissue. We investigate the function of BAD in a panel of HCC cell lines. Using gene overexpression and RNA interference, we show that BAD is involved in the cytotoxic effects of sorafenib, a multikinase blocker, which is currently the sole therapeutic drug effective for the treatment of HCC. Finally, we report that ABT-737, a compound that interacts with proteins of the BCL2 family and exhibits a BAD-like reactivity, sensitizes HCC cells toward sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that BAD is a key regulator of apoptosis in HCC and an important determinant of HCC cell response to sorafenib.
Defective Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Expression in a Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Line (1995)

We studied major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in 12 tumor cell culture lines established from patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In one of these cell culture lines, UOK 123, we found no surface expression of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and MHC class I by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining using three different monoclonal antibodies to beta 2m revealed no detectable beta 2m in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, cytoplasm, or on the cell surface. There was no evidence of folded class I molecules inside or on the surface of the cells; however, the ER stained intensively for unfolded class I molecules. Transient expression of beta 2m by UOK 123 after infection with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the gene for beta 2m resulted in normal expression of both beta 2m and class I (HLA-A, B, C) determinants assessed by flow cytometry analysis. No expression of class I or beta 2m was seen with the recombinant vaccinia vector carrying a control gene. The inability of class I molecules to reach the cell surface is due to the requirement of beta 2m for proper folding and presentation of the class I MHC complex. The failure to assemble and express MHC class I complex on the cell surface renders these cells incapable of antigen presentation to cytotoxic T cells and provides a mechanism for escape from immune recognition by the tumor.
Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta polymerization of functionalized monomers catalyzed by cationic Group IV metallocenes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Ziegler-Natta polymerization of functionalized monomers catalyzed by cationic Group IV metallocenesMichael R. Kesti, Geoffrey W. Coates, and Robert M. WaymouthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 24, 9679–9680Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00050a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00050a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1534Altmetric-Citations202LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A hybrid silicon evanescent electroabsorption modulator (2008)

A new way to make high speed modulators using Si waveguides is demonstrated. The hybrid silicon evanescent electroabsorption modulator with offset AlGalnAs quantum wells has an extinction ratio over 10 dB and modulation bandwidth over 16 GHz.
Fungal lysis by a soil bacterium fermenting cellulose (2014)

Recycling of plant biomass by a community of bacteria and fungi is fundamental to carbon flow in terrestrial ecosystems. Here we report how the plant fermenting, soil bacterium Clostridium phytofermentans enhances growth on cellulose by simultaneously lysing and consuming model fungi from soil. We investigate the mechanism of fungal lysis to show that among the dozens of different glycoside hydrolases C. phytofermentans secretes on cellulose, the most highly expressed enzymes degrade fungi rather than plant substrates. These enzymes, the GH18 Cphy1799 and Cphy1800, synergize to hydrolyse chitin, a main component of the fungal cell wall. Purified enzymes inhibit fungal growth and mutants lacking either GH18 grow normally on cellulose and other plant substrates, but have a reduced ability to hydrolyse chitinous substrates and fungal hyphae. Thus, C. phytofermentans boosts growth on cellulose by lysing fungi with its most highly expressed hydrolases, highlighting the importance of fungal interactions to the ecology of cellulolytic bacteria.
Design and synthesis of near-infrared absorbing pigments. II. Structure determination of aceanthrene green and derivatives (1995)

The reported structure of aceanthrene green, a pigment prepared by potassium hydroxide fusion of 1,9-anthracenedicarboxylic imide, was found to be incorrect. The structure of the pigment is reassigned to 7,8,15,16-dibenzo[a,j]perylenetetracarboxylic diimide on the basis of COSY, NOESY, and inversion–recovery 1 H NMR experiments. N-Alkyl- or N-phenyl-1,9-anthracenedicarboxylic imides, aceanthryleno[1,2-b]quinoxaline, and a benzimidazole derivative of 1,9-anthracenedicarboxylic anhydride were found to give the same dibenzo[a,j]perylene structure when reacted in potassium hydroxide. The electronic spectra of these derivatives is reported and it is shown that, as predicted by Pariser–Parr–Pople calculations, they absorb in the near-infrared. Finally, a mechanistic outline for the fusion is proposed on the basis of AM1 and frontier molecular orbital calculations. Keywords: photoconductor, near-infrared, aceanthrene green, alkalifusion, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
OSPF Extensions for Broadcast Inter-AS TE Link (2000)

This document presents extensions to the Open Shortest Path First
(OSPF) for advertising broadcast inter-AS Traffic Engineering (TE)
links.
ALTHOCHDEUTSCHE BIBELGLOSSEN AUS LORSCH IM CODEX VATICANUS PAL. LAT. 14 (1961)

Article ALTHOCHDEUTSCHE BIBELGLOSSEN AUS LORSCH IM CODEX VATICANUS PAL. LAT. 14 was published on January 1, 1961 in the journal Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (volume 82, issue s1).
Evaluation of Microleakage in Class II Cavities using Packable Composite Restorations with and without use of Liners (2012)

The advent of the esthetic era and advances in adhesive technology saw the emergence of resin composite materials. But the problem of polymerization shrinkage remained. This was due to the contraction of the resin during curing inducing internal and interfacial stresses at the tooth restoration interface, leading to gap formation and subsequent micro-leakage. A number of techniques and modifications in the material have been proposed to minimize polymerization shrinkage and microleakage. In this study, the hypothesis that the placement of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) or flowable composite, as liner, beneath the packable composite, on the gingival surface of the tooth [coronal or apical to cementoenamel junction (CEJ)], could reduce the microleakage in class II composite restorations, was tested. Sixty recently extracted noncarious human mandibular molars were used. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (20 specimens each): Group I (Filtek P60 with RMGIC liner), group II (Filtek P60 with Filtek Z350 liner) and Group III (Filtek P60 without liner). The teeth of each group were further subdivided into two subgroups (equal number of cavities). Subgroup A gingival seat 1 mm occlusal to CEJ on mesial side. Subgroup B gingival seat 1 mm apical to CEJ on distal side. It was concluded that in class II composite restorations gingival microleakage is more at the dentinal surface than on enamel. The use of a flowable composite and RMGIC, as liners, beneath the packable composite, in class II composite restorations, significantly reduces the microleakage when margins are in dentin, but the reverse is true, when the margins are in enamel. How to cite this article: Arora R, Kapur R, Sibal N, Juneja S. Evaluation of Microleakage in Class II Cavities using Packable Composite Restorations with and without use of Liners. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2012;5(3):178-184.
Integration and Innovation of the Urban Water Cycle: The Waternet Experience (2011)

Waternet is the first water cycle company in the Netherlands, responsible for drinking water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, and water system management and control in and around Amsterdam. Waternet started on 1 January 2006 to overcome the disadvantages of the rather fragmented organisation of the Dutch public water sector. The water cycle concept offers better opportunities to meet the future challenges in the water sector. The first four years of operation of Waternet show very promising results with respect to efficiency, customer orientation and quality improvement. To further develop the water cycle concept and to find sustainable solutions for the challenges the water sector is confronted with, Waternet focuses on six strategic innovation areas the coming years: water resources and water system; closing the water cycle; sustainability; new sanitation concepts; new products and services; management innovations.
Physician compliance with practice guidelines. (1997)

The study results indicate that a clinical decision support system such as that described can improve adherence to treatment guidelines.
Flavin Conjugates for Delivery of Peptide Nucleic Acids (2012)

Oligonucleotides and their analogues, such as peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), can be used in chemical strategies to artificially control gene expression. Inefficient cellular uptake and inappropriate cellular localization still remain obstacles in biological applications, however, especially for PNAs. Here we demonstrate that conjugation of PNAs to flavin resulted in efficient internalization into cells through an endocytic pathway. The flavin-PNAs exhibited antisense activity in the sub-micromolar range, in the context of a treatment facilitating endosomal escape. Increased endosomal release of flavin conjugates into the cytoplasm and/or nucleus was shown by chloroquine treatment and also--when the flavin-PNA was conjugated to rhodamine, a mild photosensitizer--upon light irradiation. In conclusion, an isoalloxazine moiety can be used as a carrier and attached to a cargo biomolecule, here a PNA, for internalization and functional cytoplasmic/nuclear delivery. Our findings could be useful for further design of PNAs and other oligonucleotide analogues as potent antisense agents.
Automatic Frequency Bands Segmentation Using Statistical Similarity for Power Spectrum Density Based Brain Computer Interfaces (2006)

Power spectrum density (PSD) of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is a widely used feature for brain computer interfaces (BCI). Usually, PSD features are integrated over different frequency bands, such as delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma, which are based on well-established interpretations of EEG signals in prior experimental and clinical contexts. However, these predefined frequency bands do not necessarily relate to the optimal features for various BCI applications. In this paper, we propose an alternative feature dimensionality reduction method, which automatically determines the optimal number and the range of frequency bands. We applied the proposed method on EEG classification in the context of Augmented Cognition (AugCog) using BCI. The experimental results show that the proposed method can extract more robust features than features manually extracted from predefined frequency bands.
The Design and Testing of Information Aggregation Mechanisms: A Two-Stage Parimutuel IAM (2005)

The research reported here is focused on the design of new information aggregation mechanisms. These are competitive processes designed for collecting and aggregating dispersed information held in the form of impression and belief, that might otherwise be impossible to get. The research explores alternative institutional forms of IAMs and how they work. That specially designed markets can aggregate information is well documented in the literature as are the problems encountered when parimutuel-type systems are employed in an information aggregation capacity. This research is focused on new mechanisms, unlike any found evolving naturally, which mitigate these problems. These new mechanisms speed the process through which information is revealed, reduce deceptive behavior and reduce the instances of substantially incorrect aggregation (i.e., bubbles). The paper finds that a special, "two-stage" parimutuel mechanism is an improvement over previously studied parimutuel mechanisms. The two-stage parimutuel, on average, makes a prediction closer to that predicted using all available information. The mechanism suffers from fewer mirages (bubbles) than do previous parimutuel structures and it produces indicators for assessing the reliability of the information produced.
Computational Investigation of the pH Dependence of Loop Flexibility and Catalytic Function in Glycoside Hydrolases (2013)

Cellulase enzymes cleave glycosidic bonds in cellulose to produce cellobiose via either retaining or inverting hydrolysis mechanisms, which are significantly pH-dependent. Many fungal cellulases function optimally at pH ~5, and their activities decrease dramatically at higher or lower pH. To understand the molecular-level implications of pH in cellulase structure, we use a hybrid, solvent-based, constant pH molecular dynamics method combined with pH-based replica exchange to determine the pK(a) values of titratable residues of a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 6 cellobiohydrolase (Cel6A) and a GH family 7 cellobiohydrolase (Cel7A) from the fungus Hypocrea jecorina. For both enzymes, we demonstrate that a bound substrate significantly affects the pKa values of the acid residues at the catalytic center. The calculated pK(a) values of catalytic residues confirm their proposed roles from structural studies and are consistent with the experimentally measured apparent pKa values. Additionally, GHs are known to impart a strained pucker conformation in carbohydrate substrates in active sites for catalysis, and results from free energy calculations combined with constant pH molecular dynamics suggest that the correct ring pucker is stable near the optimal pH for both Cel6A and Cel7A. Much longer molecular dynamics simulations of Cel6A and Cel7A with fixed protonation states based on the calculated pK(a) values suggest that pH affects the flexibility of tunnel loops, which likely affects processivity and substrate complexation. Taken together, this work demonstrates several molecular-level effects of pH on GH enzymes important for cellulose turnover in the biosphere and relevant to biomass conversion processes.
Environmental biotechnology: A bioremediation perspective (2005)

The term environmental biotechnology has a certain air of modernity when in fact it has a long history of use, if one considers the underlying principles and not the appellation. However, as part of its complex meaning, there is a dynamic new definition and purpose in this discipline with regard to bioremediation. The ability to probe the environment at the molecular level with exquisite methods, to create a new awareness of fundamental biological processes therein, has created an important new paradigm in remediation engineering design and management. Further, biological lines of evidence made extremely robust through the merger of biotechnology and environmental science are poised to be incorporated into the very fabric of site evaluation and disposition at the regulatory level. At the operational level, the field of environmental biotechnology is driven by the “omics,” the common suffix for disciplines like genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. An introduction to these elements of the process is followed by a review of how they are being used right now in a commercial framework, with the understanding that the entire process is still in the formative stages of its vast potential. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microscopic Mechanisms of Electric-Field-Induced Alignment of Block Copolymer Microdomains (2002)

We investigate the microscopic mechanisms responsible for microdomain alignment in block copolymer solutions exposed to an electric field. Using time-resolved synchrotron small-angle x-ray scattering, we reveal two distinct processes, i.e., grain boundary migration and rotation of entire grains, as the two dominant microscopic mechanisms. The former dominates in weakly segregating systems, while the latter is predominant in strongly segregated systems. The kinetics of the processes are followed as a function of polymer concentration and temperature and are correlated to the solution viscosity.
Resolution enhancement of colored images by inverse diffusion processes (2002)

Algorithms for resolution enhancement are needed in various applications of image processing and communication such as compression, and HDTV. We develop a geometrical algorithm, based on diffusion processes which are used both for smoothing of colored images and enhancement of the colored images. The latter is accomplished by "solving" an inverse diffusion problem which is ill-posed. In order to stabilize the flow, as well as to enhance important features (e.g. edges) at the expense of less important image domains, we use a modified Beltrami diffusion equation. Results indicate that it is possible to impose the backwards flow, in spite of the instabilities, and thereby enhance the image up to a certain level of resolution which depends on the nature of the image.
Biosilica-Entrapped Enzymes Studied by Using Dynamic Nuclear-Polarization-Enhanced High-Field NMR Spectroscopy (2015)

Enzymes are used as environmentally friendly catalysts in many industrial applications, and are frequently immobilized in a matrix to improve their chemical stability for long-term storage and reusability. Recently, it was shown that an atomic-level description of proteins immobilized in a biosilica matrix can be attained by examining their magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra. However, even though MAS NMR is an excellent tool for determining structure, it is severely hampered by sensitivity. In this work we provide the proof of principle that NMR characterization of biosilica-entrapped enzymes could be assisted by high-field dynamic nuclear polariza tion (DNP). A closer look at entrapped enzymes: Enzymes entrapped in bioinspired materials are gaining traction in green applications, and solid-state NMR promises to be the technique to study them at atomic detail. However, sensitivity is usually limited. Dynamic nuclear polarization can be applied to increase sensitivity and assess the preservation of the enzyme fold.
A recirculating cryogenic hydrogen maser (1987)

This paper reports on the design, theory, and initial testing of a new cryogenic hydrogen maser in which hydrogen (H) atoms circulated back and forth between a microwave-pumped state-selecting source and a small split-ring maser cavity. Initial tests observed no measurable fluctuations in the maser frequency at the level of 6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−13</sup> for measuring times between τ = 1 s and 300 s.
Advanced diode-pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs): near-term trends and future prospects (2000)

The features of modern, high-power semiconductor diode laser arrays as sources for pumping high power solid state lasers are reviewed. The status and prospects for high power, high- beam quality Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG DPSSLs are examined. Developing concepts for novel high power DPSSLs are also outlined.
Supplemental Table 2 from Eradication of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with FLT3 Ligand–Targeted miR-150 Nanoparticles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effects of the nanoparticles on mouse blood cell differentiation two (A) or four (B) weeks after the last administration of nanoparticles or control (PBS)&lt;/p&gt;
Structural plasticity of the adult brain (2004)

The adult brain has long been considered stable and unchanging, except for the inevitable decline that occurs with aqinq. This view is now being challenged with clear evidence that structural changes occur in the brain throughout life, including the generation of new neurons and other brain cells, and connections between and among neurons. What is as remarkable is that the changes that occur in the adult brain are influenced by the behaviors an individual engages in, as well as the environment in which an individual lives, works, and plays. Learning how behavior and environment regulate brain structure and function will lead to strategies to live more effective lives and perhaps protect from, or repair, brain damage and brain disease.