gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise Sources and Transmission in Piping Systems (2002)

An overview of the vibro-acoustic behavior of fluid-filled piping systems is given, summarizing noise sources, how piping structures and fluids accept energy from noise sources, and how the energy is then transmitted and exchanged by wavetypes throughout the piping. Discrete and broad-band frequency noise sources from active components, such as pumps, and passive components, such as valves and flow over piping, are described, and scale on flow velocities and operating speeds. The turbulence in the fluid flow contributes to piping system noise and vibration. The turbulence in the core flow impinges on both active and passive devices, causing discrete and broad-band noise sources. Turbulence near pipe walls excites structural piping modes. Techniques for quantifying the turbulence and its effects are described. An overview of the mechanisms of acoustic and vibrational energy propagation in piping walls and fluids is given, along with a discussion of various tools used to model the propagation, such as finite element (FE) and boundary element (BE) analysis, transfer matrix (TM) analysis, and statistical energy analysis (SEA). FE and BE models may be used to model high levels of complexity in both structural-acoustic systems and noise sources, but require large model sizes at high frequencies. TM and SEA models sacrifice modeling generality, but can represent high frequency behavior at low computational cost. Finally, means of mitigating acoustic and vibration energy transmission, such as narrow-band acoustic attenuation devices (quarter wavelength silencers and Quincke tubes), broad-band acoustic attenuation devices (mufflers and acoustic filters), and broad-band structural vibration attenuation devices (isolators and rubber piping), are outlined.
Supplementary Figure S9 from Adiponectin Receptor Signaling on Dendritic Cells Blunts Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Elevated APN receptor signaling in DC promotes T cell tolerance and abrogates tumor protection in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Suggestions for the Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Organisms (2005)

The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing continuously and, accordingly, there is a great desire to evaluate the allergenic potential of components in our daily environment (e.g., food). Although there is almost no scientific evidence that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) exhibit increased allergenicity compared with the corresponding wild type significant concerns have been raised regarding this matter. In principle, it is possible that the allergenic potential of GMOs may be increased due to the introduction of potential foreign allergens, to potentially upregulated expression of allergenic components caused by the modification of the wild type organism or to different means of exposure. According to the current practice, the proteins to be introduced into a GMO are evaluated for their physiochemical properties, sequence homology with known allergens and occasionally regarding their allergenic activity. We discuss why these current rules and procedures cannot predict or exclude the allergenicity of a given GMO with certainty. As an alternative we suggest to improve the current evaluation by an experimental comparison of the wild-type organism with the whole GMO regarding their potential to elicit reactions in allergic individuals and to induce de novo sensitizations. We also recommend that the suggested assessment procedures be equally applied to GMOs as well as to natural cultivars in order to establish effective measures for allergy prevention.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Organized Growth of PbI‐Based Layered Perovskite Quantum Well by Dual‐Source Vapor Deposition. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emerging treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (2002)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional GI disorder that is associated with abdominal discomfort and altered bowel habits. It accounts for up to 28% of patients presenting to a gastroenterology practice and poses a significant personal, societal and economic burden internationally. The Manning, Rome I and Rome II criteria were developed to identify appropriate IBS patients for entry into IBS studies in a consistent manner. Refinements in the understanding of the physiology of the enteric nervous system (ENS), which controls motility, secretion and sensation, provided the basis for our comprehension of the pathophysiology of IBS. Visceral hypersensitivity and neurotransmitter imbalance currently receive the most attention as possible mechanisms of IBS. This article outlines conventional treatments and reviews the data on emerging and experimental therapies for IBS. Emerging therapies for IBS using 5-HT mediation include 5-HT(3) antagonists, such as ondasetron, granisetron and alosetron, as well as 5-HT(4) agonists such as tegaserod and prucalopride. In addition to opioid agonists (e.g. fedotozine) several other drugs that act on other ENS receptors are being studied. In spite of significant progress in IBS research, these emerging therapies require more studies before they can be utilised as clinical treatments.
Grid Interactive Microgrid Controller for Resilient Communities (Final Report) (2018)

The objective of this project was to determine microgrid controller requirements using a use-case approach, then develop, configure and validate the performance of an advanced microgrid controller capable of managing from 1 to 10 megawatts (MW) of aggregated generation capacity to meet the performance targets outlined in DOE Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) DE-FOA-0000997 “Microgrid Research, Development, and System Design” and support the expanding deployment of commercial scale microgrid systems. The project aimed to develop and validate a commercially viable and flexible microgrid controller, easily adapted to different end-user community applications and to a range of electric grid characteristics with the primary outcome of the project being a standard operational model that can be deployed at multiple communities, each with unique resources and resiliency requirements. Spirae’s Wave™ microgrid controller was the advanced microgrid controller utilized in this project. The Spirae Wave™ control platform provides a scalable architecture for integrating and managing high levels of renewable and distributed energy resources (DER) at the edge of the grid. The motivation for the project is a result of the increased interest in microgrids resulting from the confluence of a number of important factors 1) Costs of distributed generation of many different types continues to decrease. This includes gas-based generation that has benefited from the lower cost of natural gas as well as renewable generation (solar, wind, hydro), 2) Storage development for many different industries is lowering its cost for the electric power industry. Storage is a key element of a microgrid to provide the flexibility of operation needed, 3) Applications like combined heat and power further improve the economics of local generation and provide the opportunity for local optimization of resources and loads, 4) There continues to be a need for improved resiliency and coordination of local system strategies (e.g. microgrids) with overall grid investments that can result in more optimum overall investment strategies and reduced times to restore power after major events. The increased interest in microgrids as both a system for local energy optimization and for improved resiliency comes with a need for new controller strategies that can help realize these applications. The new controllers should also reflect industry standards and provide a platform for continued innovation. Additionally, the controllers should be flexible to adapt to a wide variety of end-user community applications and to a wide range of electric grid characteristics. The controller should be equipped with standard functions and interfaces that can expand community opportunities for microgrids.
Human TAP1 polymorphisms detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (1997)

Presentation of endogenous peptides by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC) molecules is controlled, in part, by the Tap1 and Tap2 genes in the MHC class II region that encode a heterodimeric peptide transporter. Polymorphisms of human Tap1 in normal individuals have now been investigated systematically by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of fragments of genomic DNA generated by the polymerase chain reaction. Polymorphisms identified by distinctive DGGE band patterns were confirmed by DNA sequencing. In addition to four previously described polymorphisms in the open reading frame, DGGE detected three new polymorphisms: a G-->T substitution in the promoter region, a 10-bp insert in intron 9, and a G-->T substitution 80-bp downstream of the translation termination codon.
Mechanisms of antidiabetogenic and body weight-lowering effects of estrogen in high-fat diet-fed mice (2008)

The high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse is a model of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetogenic and weight-lowering effects of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) in this mouse model. C57BL/6 female mice (8 wk old) were fed on a HFD for 10 mo. E(2), given daily (50 microg/kg s.c.) during the last month of feeding, decreased body weight and markedly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Plasma levels of insulin, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were decreased. We demonstrated that E(2) treatment decreased the expression of genes encoding resistin and leptin in white adipose tissue (WAT), whereas adiponectin expression was unchanged. Furthermore, in WAT we demonstrated decreased expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and its lipogenic target genes, such as fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). In the liver, the expression levels of transcription factors such as liver X receptor alpha and SREBP1c were not changed by E(2) treatment, but the expression of the key lipogenic gene SCD1 was reduced. This was accompanied by decreased hepatic triglyceride content. Importantly, E(2) decreased the hepatic expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). We conclude that E(2) treatment exerts antidiabetic and antiobesity effects in HFD mice and suggest that this is related to decreased expression of lipogenic genes in WAT and liver and suppression of hepatic expression of G-6-Pase. Decreased plasma levels of resistin probably also play an important role in this context.
The MsK family of alfalfa protein kinase genes encodes homologues of shaggy/glycogen synthase kinase-3 and shows differential expression patterns in plant organs and development (1993)

This paper reports on the isolation of a novel class of plant serine/threonine protein kinase genes, MsK-1, MsK-2 and MsK-3. They belong to the superfamily of cdc2-like genes, but show highest identity to the Drosophila shaggy and rat GSK-3 proteins (65–70%). All of these kinases share a highly conserved catalytic protein kinase domain. Different amino-terminal extensions distinguish the different proteins. The different plant kinases do not originate from differential processing of the same gene as is found for shaggy, but are encoded by different members of a gene family. Similarly to the shaggy kinases, the plant kinases show different organ-specific and stage-specific developmental expression patterns. Since the shaggy kinases play an important role in intercellular communication in Drosophila development, the MsK kinases are expected to perform a similar function in plants.
Noninvasive quantification of principal strains in normal canine hearts using tagged MRI images in 3-D (1993)

Previous studies of myocardial strains have been largely limited to invasive procedures in isolated regions. Utilizing images from tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three dimensions (3-D), we noninvasively quantified in vivo endocardial (endo) and epicardial (epi) principal strains (PS) throughout the left ventricle (LV) and tested their uniformity. Seven normal hearts in paced reclosed-chest dogs were studied. Combining long- and short-axis images, 24 myocardial cuboids were tagged at end diastole (ED), imaged at end systole and ED, and reconstructed in 3-D. The cuboids were circumferentially arranged in three parallel approximately 1-cm-thick short-axis slices (8 cuboids/slice). By application of finite strain analysis to each cuboid, the major PS (i.e., magnitude and angle with respect to the circumferential direction of maximal shortening) was calculated for each face. when strains are averaged globally (i.e., using all regions), the average magnitude of endo PS exceeded epi PS approximately twofold: -0.24 +/- 0.07 (SD) vs. -0.11 +/- 0.05 (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the PS angle with respect to the circumferential direction at epi exceeded the angle at endo (P < 0.05) by 33 +/- 36 degrees. Average PS direction at epi, 59 +/- 32 degrees, aligned with the expected fiber direction but was perpendicular to it at endo, 26 +/- 30 degrees. However, significant regional variations were observed from wall to wall and from apex to base. When variations in location were accounted for, the pooled SD for the PS magnitudes dropped to 0.032 and for the direction to only 15 degrees. Furthermore, it was found that the anterior-posterior pair of walls contracted differently (P < 0.05) from the septal-lateral pair of walls. These observations indicate that regional myocardial function is heterogeneous and is location dependent.
Supplementary Table 2 from A First-Generation Multiplex Biomarker Analysis of Urine for the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from A First-Generation Multiplex Biomarker Analysis of Urine for the Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
Deaza-modification of MR1 ligands modulates recognition by MR1-restricted T cells (2022)

MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells recognize microbial small molecule metabolites presented on the MHC Class I-like molecule MR1 and have been implicated in early effector responses to microbial infection. As a result, there is considerable interest in identifying chemical properties of metabolite ligands that permit recognition by MR1T cells, for consideration in therapeutic or vaccine applications. Here, we made chemical modifications to known MR1 ligands to evaluate the effect on MR1T cell activation. Specifically, we modified 6,7-dimethyl-8-D-ribityllumazine (DMRL) to generate 6,7-dimethyl-8-D-ribityldeazalumazine (DZ), and then further derivatized DZ to determine the requirements for retaining MR1 surface stabilization and agonistic properties. Interestingly, the IFN-γ response toward DZ varied widely across a panel of T cell receptor (TCR)-diverse MR1T cell clones; while one clone was agnostic toward the modification, most displayed either an enhancement or depletion of IFN-γ production when compared with its response to DMRL. To gain insight into a putative mechanism behind this phenomenon, we used in silico molecular docking techniques for DMRL and its derivatives and performed molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes. In assessing the dynamics of each ligand in the MR1 pocket, we found that DMRL and DZ exhibit differential dynamics of both the ribityl moiety and the aromatic backbone, which may contribute to ligand recognition. Together, our results support an emerging hypothesis for flexibility in MR1:ligand-MR1T TCR interactions and enable further exploration of the relationship between MR1:ligand structures and MR1T cell recognition for downstream applications targeting MR1T cells.
Grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) distribution reveals novel pathophysiological differences between human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis (2013)

Chronic injury of alveolar lung epithelium leads to epithelial disintegrity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We had reported earlier that Grhl2, a transcriptional factor, maintains alveolar epithelial cell integrity by directly regulating components of adherens and tight junctions and thus hypothesized an important role of GRHL2 in pathogenesis of IPF. Comparison of GRHL2 distribution at different stages of human lung development showed its abundance in developing lung epithelium and in adult lung epithelium. However, GRHL2 is detected in normal human lung mesenchyme only at early fetal stage (week 9). Similar mesenchymal reexpression of GRHL2 was also observed in IPF. Immunofluorescence analysis in serial sections from three IPF patients revealed at least two subsets of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), based on differential GRHL2 expression and the converse fluorescence intensities for epithelial vs. mesenchymal markers. Grhl2 was not detected in mesenchyme in intraperitoneal bleomycin-induced injury as well as in spontaneously occurring fibrosis in double-mutant HPS1 and HPS2 mice, whereas in contrast in a radiation-induced fibrosis model, with forced Forkhead box M1 (Foxm1) expression, an overlap of Grhl2 with a mesenchymal marker was observed in fibrotic regions. Grhl2's role in alveolar epithelial cell plasticity was confirmed by altered Grhl2 gene expression analysis in IPF and further validated by in vitro manipulation of its expression in alveolar epithelial cell lines. Our findings reveal important pathophysiological differences between human IPF and specific mouse models of fibrosis and support a crucial role of GRHL2 in epithelial activation in lung fibrosis and perhaps also in epithelial plasticity.
One-Pot Synthesis of N,N’-Bisacylimidazolidines; Potential New Acyl Anion Equivalents (2000)

Imidazolidines bearing acyl groups on the nitrogen atoms have been prepared in a one-pot, two stage process. 1,2-Diamines were condensed with a variety of aldehydes and the subsequent N,N’-bisunsubstituted imidazolidines were acylated with a selection of acid chlorides or acid anhydrides. The product N,N’-bisacylimidazolidines were investigated as potential acyl anion equivalents by treatment with a base to deprotonate between the two nitrogen atoms. The carbanion thus formed was quenched with a variety of electrophiles. 2-Benzyl-imidazolidine 3k was cleaved to regenerate the carbonyl group, with recovery of the 1,2-diamine, using trifluoroacetic acid.
A Compact Electronic-Throttle-Control Actuator with a Throttle-Position Sensor Integrated Plastic Cover (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A potentiometer-type throttle-position sensor, wiring, a connector, and a cover for the throttle drive mechanism are integrated in order to reduce the size of an electronic-throttle-control actuator. The throttle-position sensor inside the integrated cover showed a large signal deviation when the environmental temperature changed. This output deviation was caused by the temperature expansion of the plastic material of the integrated cover. With the aim of decreasing the output deviation, we analyzed the temperature sensitivity of the throttle-position-sensor output in order to find optimum location for arc-shaped resistor track, and we increased the rigidity of the plastic gear-cover in order to decrease the effect of the temperature expansion.&lt;/div&gt;
Coordinated optimization of EVD-based channel estimators in multi-cell massive MIMO networks (2015)

This paper studies the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) based uplink channel estimation in multi-cell massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) networks. The performance of the conventional EVD-based channel estimators is limited by the interference from other users in the network due to finite number of antennas and finite transmit samples. We propose an iterative optimization procedure with multiple steps in order to adaptively improve the channel estimations by means of jointly processing a subset of the receive sample data from multiple cells at a centralized node via coordination. Furthermore, we analyze the amount of necessary backend signaling among the coordinating cells and describe an efficient signaling scheme for the proposed multi-cell coordination. We compare the performance of this coordinated optimization scheme with the conventional EVD-based estimators via numerical analysis and show that multi-cell coordination helps to achieve lower symbol error rates.
SentiNet: Detecting Physical Attacks Against Deep Learning Systems (2018)

SentiNet is a novel detection framework for localized universal attacks on neural networks. These attacks restrict adversarial noise to contiguous portions of an image and are reusable with different images -- constraints that prove useful for generating physically-realizable attacks. Unlike most other works on adversarial detection, SentiNet does not require training a model or preknowledge of an attack prior to detection. Our approach is appealing due to the large number of possible mechanisms and attack-vectors that an attack-specific defense would have to consider. By leveraging the neural network's susceptibility to attacks and by using techniques from model interpretability and object detection as detection mechanisms, SentiNet turns a weakness of a model into a strength. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SentiNet on three different attacks -- i.e., data poisoning attacks, trojaned networks, and adversarial patches (including physically realizable attacks) -- and show that our defense is able to achieve very competitive performance metrics for all three threats. Finally, we show that SentiNet is robust against strong adaptive adversaries, who build adversarial patches that specifically target the components of SentiNet's architecture.
Session details: Pointing 2: Fitts law (2011)

No abstract available.
CCDC 1590308: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination : 2,8-didodecylthieno[3',2':5,6][1]benzothieno[3,2-b]thieno[3,2-f][1]benzothiophene (2020)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Proof-of-Possession Tokens for OAuth Using JWS HTTP Signatures (2019)

This document describes a method of generating and validating proof-
of-possession tokens for use with OAuth 2.0. The required proof is
provided via a JSON Web Signature (JWS) representing a signature of a
minimal subset of elements from the HTTP request.
Photochemical Transformations of Oxadiazepinones and Related Systems' (1961)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.