gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the delayed-rectifier potassium channel Kv2.1 to acute spinal cord injury in rats (2010)

Recent studies have reported that delayed-rectifier Kv channels regulate apoptosis in the nervous system. Herein, we investigated changes in the expression of the delayed-rectifier Kv channels Kv1.2, Kv2.1, and Kv3.1 after acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. We performed RT-PCR analysis and found an increase in the level of Kv2.1 mRNA after SCI but no significant changes in the levels of Kv1.2 and Kv3.1 mRNA. Western blot analysis revealed that Kv2.1 protein levels rapidly decreased and then dramatically increased from 1 day, whereas Kv3.1b protein levels gradually and sharply decreased at 5 days. Kv1.2 protein levels did not change significantly. In addition, Kv2.1 clusters were disrupted in the plasma membranes of motor neurons after SCI. Interestingly, the expressional changes and translocation of Kv2.1 were consistent with the apoptotic changes on day 1. Therefore, these results suggest that Kv2.1 channels probably contribute to neuronal cell responses to SCI.
Magnetron-driven microtron injector of a terahertz free electron laser (2009)

A magnetron-driven microtron injector has been developed for a terahertz free electron laser (FEL). An internal injection system was chosen for the microtron to achieve a compact and inexpensive design. The system provides acceleration of electrons with low emittance and energy spread that is highly important for the FEL. However, the intrapulse instabilities of the accelerated current and the bunch repetition rate inherent to the injection system make problems for the FEL operation. Simulations of the beam dynamics and the transient process allow one to compute the load characteristic of the accelerating cavity and the time-dependent accelerated current. The simulation techniques also allow one to calculate time-dependent deviations of the magnetron frequency in the coupled system of the accelerating and magnetron cavities, as well as deviations in the bunch repetition rate. The computations validate proposed concepts for increasing the intrapulse current stability with appropriate time-dependent variation of the magnetron power and decreasing the bunch repetition rate instability through a simple microwave scheme utilizing the microtron accelerating cavity concurrently as an external stabilizing resonator for the magnetron. The realized concepts and optimization of the microtron regimes using the simulated phase motion of the accelerated bunch provide stable operation of the terahertz FEL, tunable in the range of 1--3 THz with extracted macropulse power up to 50 Watts at the macropulse energy of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mJ}$.
Systematic Investigation of the Metal-Structure–Photophysics Relationship of Emissive d10-Complexes of Group 11 Elements: The Prospect of Application in Organic Light Emitting Devices (2011)

A series of new emissive group 11 transition metal d(10)-complexes 1-8 bearing functionalized 2-pyridyl pyrrolide together with phosphine ancillary such as bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (POP) or PPh(3) are reported. The titled complexes are categorized into three classes, i.e. Cu(I) complexes (1-3), Ag(I) complexes (4 and 5), and Au(I) metal complexes (6-8). Via combination of experimental and theoretical approaches, the group 11 d(10)-metal ions versus their structural variation, stability, and corresponding photophysical properties have been investigated in a systematic and comprehensive manner. The results conclude that, along the same family, how much a metal d-orbital is involved in the electronic transition plays a more important role than how heavy the metal atom is, i.e. the atomic number, in enhancing the spin-orbit coupling. The metal ions with and without involvement of a d orbital in the lowest lying electronic transition are thus classified into internal and external heavy atoms, respectively. Cu(I) complexes 1-3 show an appreciable metal d contribution (i.e., MLCT) in the lowest lying transition, so that Cu(I) acts as an internal heavy atom. Despite its smallest atomic number among group 11 elements, Cu(I) complexes 1-3 exhibit a substantially larger rate of intersystem crossing (ISC) and phosphorescence radiative decay rate constant (k(r)(p)) than those of Ag(I) (4 and 5) and Au(I) (6-8) complexes possessing pure π → π* character in the lowest transition. Since Ag(I) and Au(I) act only as external heavy atoms in the titled complexes, the spin-orbit coupling is mainly governed by the atomic number, such that complexes associated with the heavier Au(I) (6-8) show faster ISC and larger k(r)(p) than the Ag(I) complexes (4 and 5). This trend of correlation should be universal and has been firmly supported by experimental data in combination with empirical derivation. Along this line, Cu(I) complex 1 exhibits intensive phosphorescence (Φ(p) = 0.35 in solid state) and has been successfully utilized for fabrication of OLEDs, attaining peak EL efficiencies of 6.6%, 20.0 cd/A, and 14.9 lm/W for the forward directions.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 2‐AMINO‐6,7‐DIHYDROXYTETRAHYDRONAPHTHALENE (ADTN) VIA FUNCTIONALIZED ARYLLITHIUM REAGENTS AND METHYL 2‐TRIMETHYLSILYLACRYLATE. A NEW ANNULATION SEQUENCE (1982)

Abstract Dimethoxy‐phenylethanol (I) liefert über das Dibrom‐Derivat (II) durch Kondensation seines Anions mit dem Trimethylsilylacrylester (III) das Tetralin (IVa), das zu (IVb) hydrolysiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of L‐755,507: A Subnanomolar Human β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Real-time MRI in axial plane allows quantitative evaluation of mandibular condyles motion symmetricity (2023)

Current diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders includes clinical examination and MRI; however, static MR images in only two key positions are not sufficient for detection of some cases of temporomandibular disk displacement. We acquired jaw opening and closure movements for 5 healthy volunteers with a real-time MRI in axial plane. The condyles were segmented with a convolutional neural network approach and motion curves of their mass centers were calculated. It was shown that the proposed protocol gives straighforward evaluation of condylar motion assymetry.
Maskless lithography of CMOS-compatible materials for hybrid plasmonic nanophotonics: aluminum nitride/aluminum oxide/aluminum waveguides (2018)

We demonstrate maskless lithography fabrication of nanolayered heterostructured hybrid plasmonic waveguides. This includes the measured optical properties of pulsed magnetron sputtered 15 nm films of aluminum oxide and aluminum nitride. Hybrid plasmonic waveguides, where the modes highest intensity is largely confined to the thin aluminum oxide layer, were constructed by maskless lithography using an aperture-type near-field scanning optical microscope.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling with Racemic Bicycles (2019)

Abstract Herein, we describe a rhodium‐catalyzed enantio‐ and diastereoselective Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling between racemic fused bicyclic allylic chlorides and boronic acids. The highly stereoselective transformation allows for the coupling of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkenyl boronic acids and gives access to functionalized bicyclic cyclopentenes, which can be converted into other five‐membered‐ring scaffolds with up to five contiguous stereocenters. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that these reactions occur with overall retention of the relative stereochemistry and are enantioconvergent for pseudo‐symmetric allylic chloride starting materials. In addition, a bicyclic allylic chloride starting material without pseudo‐symmetry undergoes a highly enantioselective regiodivergent reaction.
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyurethanes prepared from blocked isocyanate monomers by step-growth polymerization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyurethanes prepared from blocked isocyanate monomers by step-growth polymerizationRalph Spindler and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 18, 4809–4813Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00070a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00070a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2293Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spiral layer undulation defects in B7 liquid crystals (2013)

In bent-core smectic liquid crystal phases, a strong local preference for layering coupled to the bent molecular shape gives rise to two spontaneous symmetry-breaking instabilities, polar orientational ordering of the molecules and molecular tilt, which combine to produce chiral phases. The B7 is one such phase characterized by layer undulations associated with the formation of periodic, polarization-modulation stripes that can be visualized using FFTEM. By analyzing topological defects in the B7 layer undulation texture, we can determine the molecular organization within the layers which indicates that the layers are homochiral. The layer undulations coupled with the layer chirality forms clockwise or anticlockwise spiral patterns as they nucleate and grow.
How well do visual verbs work in daily communication for young and old adults? (2009)

In this paper we study how verbs are visually conveyed in daily communication contexts for both young and old adults. Four visual modes are compared: a single static image, a panel of four static images, an animation, and a video clip. The results reveal age effects, as well as performance differences introduced by lexical verb properties and visual cues. We also suggest guidelines for visual verb creation.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE WEGE ZU 9‐AZA‐BICYCLO(4,2,1)NONA‐2,4,7‐TRIENEN, UMLAGERUNG VON 9‐AZABICYCLO(6,1,0)NONA‐2,4,6‐TRIENEN (1972)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Dikaliumcyclooctatetraenid (I) mit Isoamylnitrit führt überraschenderweise zu dem Azabicyclo‐System (II), über dessen Reduktionsprodukt′(III) die Derivate (IV) leicht zu erhalten sind.
Role of METTL20 in regulating β-oxidation and heat production in mice under fasting or ketogenic conditions (2018)

METTL20 is a seven-β-strand methyltransferase that is localised to the mitochondria and tri-methylates the electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) β subunit (ETFB) at lysines 200 and 203. It has been shown that METTL20 decreases the ability of ETF to extract electrons from medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (MCAD) and glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase in vitro. METTL20-mediated methylation of ETFB influences the oxygen consumption rate in permeabilised mitochondria, suggesting that METTL20-mediated ETFB methylation may also play a regulatory role in mitochondrial metabolism. In this study, we generated Mettl20 knockout (KO) mice to uncover the in vivo functions of METTL20. The KO mice were viable, and a loss of ETFB methylation was confirmed. In vitro enzymatic assays revealed that mitochondrial ETF activity was higher in the KO mice than in wild-type mice, suggesting that the KO mice had higher β-oxidation capacity. Calorimetric analysis showed that the KO mice fed a ketogenic diet had higher oxygen consumption and heat production. A subsequent cold tolerance test conducted after 24 h of fasting indicated that the KO mice had a better ability to maintain their body temperature in cold environments. Thus, METTL20 regulates ETF activity and heat production through lysine methylation when β-oxidation is highly activated.
Online, Absolute Quantitation of Propranolol from Spatially Distinct 20- and 40-μm Dissections of Brain, Liver, and Kidney Thin Tissue Sections by Laser Microdissection–Liquid Vortex Capture–Mass Spectrometry (2016)

Spatial resolved quantitation of chemical species in thin tissue sections by mass spectrometric methods has been constrained by the need for matrix-matched standards or other arduous calibration protocols and procedures to mitigate matrix effects (e.g., spatially varying ionization suppression). Reported here is the use of laser "cut and drop" sampling with a laser microdissection-liquid vortex capture electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LMD-LVC/ESI-MS/MS) system for online and absolute quantitation of propranolol in mouse brain, kidney, and liver thin tissue sections of mice administered with the drug at a 7.5 mg/kg dose, intravenously. In this procedure either 20 μm × 20 μm or 40 μm × 40 μm tissue microdissections were cut and dropped into the flowing solvent of the capture probe. During transport to the ESI source drug related material was completely extracted from the tissue into the solvent, which contained a known concentration of propranolol-d7 as an internal standard. This allowed absolute quantitation to be achieved with an external calibration curve generated from standards containing the same fixed concentration of propranolol-d7 and varied concentrations of propranolol. Average propranolol concentrations determined with the laser "cut and drop" sampling method closely agreed with concentration values obtained from 2.3 mm diameter tissue punches from serial sections that were extracted and quantified by HPLC/ESI-MS/MS measurements. In addition, the relative abundance of hydroxypropranolol glucuronide metabolites were recorded and found to be consistent with previous findings.
Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of C120O, a C60 Dimer Linked by a Saturated Furan Ring (2001)

Photophysical and photochemical properties of C120O, a C60 dimer linked by a saturated furan ring, have been characterized by various time-resolved spectroscopic methods. A steady-state absorption band of C120O is blue-shifted compared with those of 1,2-adducts of C60 (C60R). The fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield were estimated to be 1.7 ns and 8.7 × 10-4, respectively, which are similar to those of C60R and C120. On the other hand, the lifetime of the triplet excited state (3C120O*) was estimated to be 0.16 μs, which is quite shorter than those of C60 (55 μs), C60R (24−29 μs), and C120 (23 μs). Furthermore, the quantum yield for the intersystem crossing process was as low as 0.48. These unusual triplet properties of 3C120O* indicate that the triplet excited C60 moiety in 3C120O* was influenced by an adjacent π-electron system of another C60 moiety in the ground state. Ground-state reduction of C120O was observed in the reaction with tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, indicating the stable radical anion formation of C120O, in contrast to the unstable radical anion of C120. Photoinduced electron transfer from 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane to 3C120O* was confirmed by an observation of the transient absorption band of the radical anion of C120O in the near-IR region. Oxidation of C120O was also performed by employing a cosensitization method. The reaction rate constants of the both photoinduced reduction and oxidation were slightly smaller than those of C60 and C60R.
Unusual polyketides from the wood-decay fungus Sistotrema raduloides (1995)

The metabolites of the wood rot decay fungus Sistotremaraduloides (P. Karst) Donk have been investigated and a new type of norpentaketide has been discovered. The compounds sistodiolynne (1), sistolynone (5), and sistopyrone (6) represent new carbon skeletons among natural products. The compounds are very unstable and readily polymerize in the presence of air to give black insoluble material. It has been shown by 13 C NMR labelling experiments that they arise from five acetate units, and that a methyl carbon of one of the acetate units is lost during the biosynthesis. The structures were determined by spectroscopy methods, mainly NMR, and the absolute configuration of sistodiolynne was established by circular dichroism methods. Keywords: fungal metabolites, Sistotremaraduloides, norpentaketides, biosynthetic studies, polyacetylenes.
Zero-shot Transfer Learning within a Heterogeneous Graph via Knowledge Transfer Networks (2022)

Data continuously emitted from industrial ecosystems such as social or e-commerce platforms are commonly represented as heterogeneous graphs (HG) composed of multiple node/edge types. State-of-the-art graph learning methods for HGs known as heterogeneous graph neural networks (HGNNs) are applied to learn deep context-informed node representations. However, many HG datasets from industrial applications suffer from label imbalance between node types. As there is no direct way to learn using labels rooted at different node types, HGNNs have been applied to only a few node types with abundant labels. We propose a zero-shot transfer learning module for HGNNs called a Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) that transfers knowledge from label-abundant node types to zero-labeled node types through rich relational information given in the HG. KTN is derived from the theoretical relationship, which we introduce in this work, between distinct feature extractors for each node type given in an HGNN model. KTN improves performance of 6 different types of HGNN models by up to 960% for inference on zero-labeled node types and outperforms state-of-the-art transfer learning baselines by up to 73% across 18 different transfer learning tasks on HGs.
Differential and convergent utilization of autophagy components by positive-strand RNA viruses (2019)

Many viruses interface with the autophagy pathway, a highly conserved process for recycling cellular components. For three viral infections in which autophagy constituents are proviral (poliovirus, dengue, and Zika), we developed a panel of knockouts (KOs) of autophagy-related genes to test which components of the canonical pathway are utilized. We discovered that each virus uses a distinct set of initiation components; however, all three viruses utilize autophagy-related gene 9 (ATG9), a lipid scavenging protein, and LC3 (light-chain 3), which is involved in membrane curvature. These results show that viruses use noncanonical routes for membrane sculpting and LC3 recruitment. By measuring viral RNA abundance, we also found that poliovirus utilizes these autophagy components for intracellular growth, while dengue and Zika virus only use autophagy components for post-RNA replication processes. Comparing how RNA viruses manipulate the autophagy pathway reveals new noncanonical autophagy routes, explains the exacerbation of disease by starvation, and uncovers common targets for antiviral drugs.
Application of Polymer‐Based Microfluidic Devices for the Selection and Manipulation of Low‐Abundant Biological Cells (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Section Results and Disscussions Conclusions
Morbidity of Pertussis in Adolescents and Adults (2000)

The effect of age on the clinical presentation of pertussis was assessed in 664 adolescent and adult cases. Complications were more frequent in adults than in adolescents (28% vs. 16%). Pneumonia occurred in 2% of patients <30 years old but in 5%-9% of older patients. Urinary incontinence occurred in 34% of women >/=50 years old. Duration of cough, risk of sinusitis, and number of nights with disturbed sleep increased with smoking and asthma. The secondary attack rate in other household members >/=12 years was 11%. Pertussis in secondary case patients was less severe than in index case patients but presented with classic symptoms. The main source of infection in adolescents was schoolmates or friends; in adults it was workplace or their children. Teachers and health care workers had a greater risk of pertussis than did the general population. The burden of disease appears to increase with age, with smoking, and with asthma.
Exception handling in the spreadsheet paradigm (2000)

Exception handling is widely regarded as a necessity in programming languages today and almost every programming language currently used for professional software development supports some form of it. However, spreadsheet systems, which may be the most widely used type of "programming language" today in terms of number of users using it to create "programs" (spreadsheets), have traditionally had only extremely limited support for exception handling. Spreadsheet system users range from end users to professional programmers and this wide range suggests that an approach to exception handling for spreadsheet systems needs to be compatible with the equational reasoning model of spreadsheet formulas, yet feature expressive power comparable to that found in other programming languages. We present an approach to exception handling for spreadsheet system users that is aimed at this goal. Some of the features of the approach are new; others are not new, but their effects on the programming language properties of spreadsheet systems have not been discussed before in the literature. We explore these properties, offer our solutions to problems that arise with these properties, and compare the functionality of the approach with that of exception handling approaches in other languages.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE BIS‐NOR‐WIELAND‐MIESCHER KETONE (1982)

Abstract Aus dem Bromacetonyl‐methyl‐cyclopentandion (I) erhält man mit optisch aktiven Phosphinen (II) über die Ylide (III) die stereoisomeren Diketone (IVa) und (IVb), deren Mengenverhältnis nach stereospezifischer Reduktion zu den Carbinolen (V) bestimmt und deren Identifizierung über die Mandelsäureester (VI) vorgenommen werden kann.